bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactivities of Novel η2-(C,O) Methylphenylketene Complex of Nickel
Authors: Sugai Ryuji , Miyashita Akira , Nohira Hiroyuki
Published: July 2006

Bis(triphenylphosphine)(methylphenylketene)nickel complex (1) was cleanly isolated from the reaction of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel with methylphenylketene in the presence of triphenylphosphine. The spectroscopic analyses of 1 suggest to be η2-(C,O) ketene structure being close to oxanickelacyclopropane structure. Based on the chemical reactivities of 1, it is proposed that the ketene moiety of 1 switches its coordination mode from η2-(C,O) to η2-(C,C) type prior to undergoing further reactions.
Radical Induced Regio- and Stereoselective Ring-Opening of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Synthesis of the (E)-Difluoroallylic System
Authors: Morikawa Tsutomu , Uejima Masayuki , Kobayashi Yoshiro
Published: July 2006

The radical induced regioselective ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropanes via deoxygenation or deiodination gave (E)-difluoroallylic compounds stereoselectively.
A Facile Synthesis of Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)butatriene Properties and Cycloadditions
Authors: Sakurai Hideki , Kudo Muneo , Sakamoto Kenkichi , Nakadaira Yasuhiro , Kira Mitsuo , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: July 2006

Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)butatriene was readily prepared by flash vacuum pyrolysis of hexakis(trimethylsilyl)-2-butyne. The physical and chemical properties of the butatriene are described.
Novel Cation Transport Behavior of N-Octadecylmonoazacrown Ethers Cooperated with 2,6-Di(t-butyl)-4-nitrophenol
Authors: He Gong-Xin , Kurita Mayumi , Ishii Izumi , Wada Fumio , Matsuda Tsutomu
Published: July 2006

A new ‘double-cycle’ mechanism is presented for the N-octadecylmonoazacrown ether mediated cation transport to an acidic receiving phase cooperated with 2,6-di(t-butyl)-4-nitrophenol. The occurrence of the novel process may be attributable to the lower acidity of the phenol and aggregation behavior of the protonated monoazacrown ethers in the membrane phase.
(S)-β,ω-Dihydroxyalkyl Phenyl Sulfones. Synthesis by Bakers Yeast Reduction and Use as Precursors of Optically Active Lactones
Authors: Sato Toshio , Okumura Yoshiyuki , Itai Junichi , Fujisawa Tamotsu
Published: July 2006

The enantioselective reduction of ω-hydroxy-β-ketoalkyl phenyl sulfones with bakers’ yeast gives (S)-ω,β-dihydroxyalkyl phenyl sulfones, which are convenient precursors for optically active lactones as shown in the synthesis of (R)-4-hexanolide and (R)-umbelactone.
Diastereofacial Control in the Reaction of (R)-α-(p-Tolylsulfinyl)acetophenones with Several Organometallics
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Fujimura Atsushi , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: July 2006

The diastereofacial controlled addition of organometallics to optically active β-ketosulfoxide was achieved to furnish both diastereomers of β-hydroxy sulfoxide depending on the selection of organometallic reagents. Trichloromethyltitanium added to (R)-α-(p-tolylsulfinyl)acetophenones to give (RsRc)-β-hydroxy sulfoxides, while (RsSc)-β-hydroxy sulfoxides were obtained by utilizing trimethylaluminum. The utility of the present reaction was demonstrated in the synthesis of both enantiomers of sydowic acid.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Dialkylzincs to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Using Nickel Bromide–N,N-Dibutylnorephedrine
Authors: Soai Kenso , Hayasaka Toraoiki , Ugajin Shoji , Yokoyama Shuji
Published: July 2006

Combination of nickel bromide and N,N-dibutylnorephedrine catalyzed the enantioselective conjugate addition of dialkylzincs to α, β-unsaturated ketones to afford optically active β-substituted ketones in up to ca. 50% enantiomeric excess.
Hydrated Tantalum Oxide as a Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Ushikubo Takashi , Wada Keisuke
Published: July 2006

The hydrated tantalum oxide in an amorphous form, is strongly acidic and shows high catalytic activity in the gas-phase esterification of methacrylic acid with methanol.
Benzylic Cyanation via Oxidation and Simultaneous Nucleophilic Substitution
Authors: Lemaire Marc , Doussot Joël , Guy Alain
Published: July 2006

Use of dichlorodicyano benzoquinone and trimethylsilyl cyanide in suitable solvent permits the direct and ready transformation of benzylic C–H bonds to C–CN bonds with high yield and selectivity via oxidation and simultaneous nucleophilic substitution.
Photoinduced Preparation of Geometrical Isomers of [RuX(2mqn)2(NO)] (X = Cl or Br; 2mqn = 2-Methyl-8-quinolinolate Ion) from Two Kinds of the Cis Isomers
Authors: Kamata Hiromi , Konishi Yoshiaki , Ogino) Yoshimi Kamata (née , Miki Eiichi , Mizumachi Kunihiko , Ishimori Tatsujiro , Nagai Takashi , Tanaka Mikio
Published: July 2006

trans-[RuX(2mqn)2(NO)] (X = Cl or Br; 2mqn = 2-methyl-8-quinolinolate ion) was prepared photochemically from two kinds of the cis isomers, cis (O,O),cis (N,N)- and cis (O,O),trans (N,N)-[RuX(2mqn)2(NO)], in deoxygenated dichloromethane or dibromomethane. From the former cis isomer, the latter cis isomer was also prepared.
Isolation and Structure of Magnoloside A, a New Phenylpropanoid Glycoside from Magnolia obovata Thunb.
Authors: Hasegawa Takashi , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Yamada Toshihide , Nakagawa Kazuyuki
Published: July 2006

Magnoloside A, a novel phenylpropanoid glycoside has been isolated from the MeOH extract of Magnolia obovata and its structure has been elucidated as 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenyl-ethyl-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-3-O-caffeoyl-β-d-allopyranoside by means of spectroscopic and chemical evidences.
Novel 1,2-Phenyl Shift in Silver-assisted Reaction of Triphenylchloroallene with Aromatic Amines
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Taniguchi Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

Triphenylchloroallene reacted with aromatic amines in the presence of silver triflate to give 2, 3,4-triphenyl-1-aza-1,3-butadiene derivatives via a novel 1,2-phenyl shift.
Acid-Base Bifunctional Behavior of ZrC2 in Dual Adsorption of CO2 and NH3
Authors: Xu Bo-Qing , Yamaguchi Tsutomu , Tanabe Kozo
Published: July 2006

Temperature-programmed-desorption(TPD) profiles of NH3 and CO2 coadsorbed on ZrO2 revealed a progress of a new peak at around 553 K, which was not found when NH3 and CO2 were adsorbed individually. It was concluded that, though the most of the sites responsible to the adsorption of NH3 and CO2 were located independently, a part of them were located closely, where the pre-adsorbed NH3 molecule enhanced the adsorption of post-adsorbing CO2 molecules. This type of interaction was not found on either typical solid acid (SiO2–Al2O3 ; SA) or solid base (MgO).
Conductive Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Dialkyldimethylammonium–Ni(dmit)2 Complexes
Authors: Nakamura Takayoshi , Tanaka Hideaki , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi , Tachibana Hiroaki , Manda Eiichiro , Kawabata Yasujiro
Published: July 2006

Conductive LB films of dialkyldimethylammonium–Ni(dmit)2complexes are described. The precursor 1:1 complexes were transferred onto substrates and converted into conductors by the bromine oxidation. The bulk conductivities of the films were 10−3 to 10−1 S/cm, depending on the length of alkyl chain. The spectral changes during the oxidation was also examined.
A Convenient Approach to the Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleoside-3′-hydrogen Phosphonates via Bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl) Phosphonate Intermediate
Authors: Takaku Hiroshi , Yamakage Shunitchy , Sakatsume Osamu , Ohtsuki Michiya
Published: July 2006

Transesterification of a new reagent, bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl)phosphonates was found to be very effective for the preparation of deoxyribonucleoside-3′-hydrogen phosphonates. The yields of deoxyribooligonucleotides by the H-phosphonate method on a solid support depended on the molar concentrations of the reacting species.
Synthesis of Two Isomeric [2.2](2,4)Pyridinophanes
Authors: Kawashima Toshihide , Fujimoto Yukari , Tohda Yasuo , Ariga Masahiro , Mori Yutaka , Misumi Soichi
Published: July 2006

Two isomeric [2.2] (2,4)pyridinophanes having Ci and C2 symmetry were synthesized by the thermal sulfur extrusion method from the corresponding disulfones and characterized by their 1H-NMR spectra.
Formation of a Phospha-alkyne via Migration of the Phenyl Group from Phosphorus to Carbon
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Niitsu Takashi , Inamoto Naoki
Published: July 2006

E-2-Chloro-1-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-1-phospha-ethylene was allowed to react with t-butyllithium as a base to give 2-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-1-phospha-acetylene, suggesting the generation of a phosphorus analogue of isonitrile followed by migration of the phenyl group from phosphorus to carbon.
Possible Mechanism for the Stereoselective Double Michael Reaction Catalyzed by Trityl Perchlorate
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Sagawa Yukihiro , Akamatsu Hiroshi , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: July 2006

The trityl perchlorate catalyzed double Michael reaction forming six-membered ring compounds from α,β-unsaturated ketones and siloxydienes was shown to take place via a two step process.
Electrooxidative Cyclization of 4-Dithioazetidinones (Kamiya’s Disulfides) A Facile Access to 2-(Substituted methyl)penicillanates
Authors: Tanaka Hideo , Tanaka Motoaki , Hironaka Yo-ichi , Nakai Akira , Torii Sigeru
Published: July 2006

A straightforward access to penicillanates bearing SCN and SeCN groups at the 2 β-methyl group was performed by electrolysis of 4-dithioazetidinones in a two-phase system (aqueous and organic phases) in the presence of KSCN and KSeCN, respectively, while a mixture of 2β-azidomethyl derivative and its 2α-isomer (6/4) was obtained by a similar electrolysis with NaN3.
Acid Property of Sulfur-Promoted Zirconium Oxide on Silica as Solid Superacid
Authors: Ishida Toshio , Yamaguchi Tsutomu , Tanabe Kozo
Published: July 2006

An SO3-promoted ZrO2/SiO2 was found to be a solid superacid that had the acid strength of higher than H0=−13.16, regardless of the amount of ZrO2 loaded. The sample of 3.5 mmol g−1 of ZrO2 loaded on SiO2, which was the highest amount of loading tested here, showed the highest acid strength of H0≤−14.52. A tetragonal form of ZrO2 was found to grow extensively when the amount of ZrO2 loaded became larger. Thus, it was concluded that the higher acid strength of thus prepared catalyst could be obtained after the crystal growth of supported oxide.
Coenzyme-Catalyzed Cleavage of Cobalt-Carbon Bonds in the Oxidation of cis-Dialkylcobalt(III) Complexes by Oxygen
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Goto Tatsushi , Ishikawa Kunio , Tanaka Toshio
Published: July 2006

Redox coenzyme analogues (riboflavin, aminopterin, and lumazine) catalyze the cleavage of cobalt-carbon bonds in the oxidation of cis-dialkylcobalt(III) complexes, cis-[R2Co(bpy)2]ClO4 (R = PhCH2, C2H5, CH3; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) by oxygen in the presence of HClO4 in acetonitrile.
Preparation of Naphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic Acid
Authors: Chiba Koji , Tagaya Hideyuki , Kono Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

In the presence of sodium iodide and cadmium oxide, sodium 1-naphthoate was effectively converted into naphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylate at 480 °C under carbon dioxide pressure. The minor product was naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate. Also in the rearrangement of sodium 2-naphthoate, the addition effect of sodium iodide was observed.
1,3-Anti Asymmetric Induction in Addition of Organotitanium Reagents to β-Substituted Aldehydes with a Dithioacetal Group
Authors: Honda Yutaka , Tuchihashi Gen-ichi
Published: July 2006

β-Substituted aldehydes with a dithioacetal group at α-position realized remarkable 1,3-anti selectivity in addition of organotitanium reagents in acyclic systems.
Selective Nernstian Response of Poly(N,N-dimethylaniline)/Poly(o-chloroaniline) Dual-layer Coated Electrode to Dissolved Iodide Ion
Authors: Yano Jun , Tanaka Takaaki
Published: July 2006

Poly(N,N-dimethylaniline)(PDA) is a semiconductor having positively charged sites in the polymeric backbone. A PDA coated electrode can capture I− electrostatically and the I− in the PDA film can also be oxidized electrochemically. Poly(o-chloroaniline)(PCA) responses to dissolved I− selectively, though it is quite an insulator. A PDA/PCA dual-layer coated electrode shows selective Nernstian response to dissolved I−.
1H-NMR Study of the Inclusion Reactions of Charged Derivatives of α-Cyclodextrin with Sodium p-(3-t-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonate
Authors: Yoshida Noboru , Monzen Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Masatoshi
Published: July 2006

Presence of an intermediate inclusion species is demonstrated by 270 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in the system of the title azo compound and the charged derivatives of α-cyclodextrin. The 1H-NMR peaks due to the sulfanilate moiety of the guest molecule are distinctly split into two peaks upon binding to the positively charged cyclodextrin, suggesting the formation of an intermediate species.
Gas-Diffusion Electrodes for Oxygen Reduction Loaded with Large Surface Area La1−xCaxMO3(M=Co,Mn)
Authors: Shimizu Youichi , Uemura Kenichi , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru
Published: July 2006

Oxygen reduction performances of gas-diffusion type carbon electrodes loaded with perovskite-type oxides La1−xCaxMO3 (M=Co,Mn) were examined in 30 wt% KOH at 25 °C. The highest electrode performance, i.e., 2600 mA/cm2 at −125 mV vs. Hg/HgO, was obtained with large surface area La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 prepared by an amorphous precursor method.
Preparation of Trifluoromethylated Compounds via Anodic Oxidation of 4,4,4-Trifluoro-3,3-dimethoxybutyric Acid
Authors: Kubota Toshio , Ishii Teruhiko , Minamikawa Hidenori , Yamaguchi Sadanori , Tanaka Tatsuo
Published: July 2006

The Kolbe electrolysis of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-dimethoxybutyric acid (TDBA) gave corresponding homo-coupling product, 1,1,1,6,6,6-hexafluoro-2,2,4,4-tetramethoxyhexane, which could be converted to the diene by treating with TiCl4 followed by dehydrochlorination. Furthermore, the crossed Kolbe product from TDBA and 3-hydroxy-2-trifluoromethylpropionic acid was converted to tetrahydrofurans and an 1-olefine.
Halogenations of Aromatic Compounds with Halide Anions in the Presence of Nitrobenzenesulfonyl Peroxides. A Novel Method for the Formation of Positive Halogens
Authors: Yoshida Masato , Mochizuki Hideki , Kamigata Nobumasa
Published: July 2006

A novel type of positive halogens, sulfonyl hypochlorite or sulfonyl hypobromite was formed in the reactions of halide anions with nitrobenzenesulfonyl peroxides; these hypohalites could be used as effective reagents for halogenation of aromatic rings.
Esterification of Carboxylic Acid with Ethanol Accompanied by Pervaporation
Authors: Kita Hidetoshi , Sasaki Shigeaki , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Okamoto Ken-ichi , Yamamoto Masuji
Published: July 2006

The use of water-permeable membranes for pervaporation in the esterification of carboxylic acid with ethanol was studied. The perfect conversion due to the equilibrium shift was obtained by using an asymmetric polyetherimide membrane for removal of water generated by the esterification.
Electrochemical Carboxylation of Ketones RCOCH2R′ Coupled with CO2 Reduction by [Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Miyamoto Hajime , Tanaka Toshio
Published: July 2006

Electrochemical carboxylation of PhCOCH3 and C6H10(O) coupled with CO2 reduction by [Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+ was carried out in CO2−saturated dry CH3CN. CO2 ligated on the ruthenium atom is reduced to HCOO− or CO upon the electrochemical reduction of the complex, where PhCOCH3 and C6H10(O) function as a proton source, and the resultant carbanions react with CO2 to afford the corresponding ketoacids, catalytically.
Total Synthesis of Liverwort Sesquiterpene Ketone (±)-Chiloscyphone via Intramolecular Aldol Condensation
Authors: Tori Motoo , Hasebe Takeshi , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: July 2006

(±)-Chiloscyphone, a sesquiterpene ketone isolated from the liverwort, has been synthesized starting from 3,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one via intramolecular aldol condensation.
Cycloaddition Reactions of (Diethylphosphono)ketenes
Authors: Motoyoshiya Jiro , Hirata Kozo
Published: July 2006

Methyl- and chloro(diethylphosphono)ketenes were found to add to cyclopentadiene or imines in unusual manner in the certain cases. Some chemical conversions and the Horner–Wittig reaction of the cycloadducts were examined.
A Novel NO Insertion into Cyclopropane Ring by Use of NOBF4· Formation of 2-Isoxazolines
Authors: Ichinose Nobuyuki , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Tamai Toshiyuki , Otsuji Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The reaction of 1,2-diarylcyclopropanes with NOBF4 in CH3CN gave 3,5-diaryl-2-isoxazolines in good yields. For unsymmetrically substituted cyclopropanes, the mixtures of two isomeric isoxazolines were obtained. The mechanism and regioselectivity in this NO insertion into the cyclopropane ring are described.
A CIDEP Study on the Photoreaction Mechanism of o-Quinones
Authors: Shimoishi Hirami , Akiyama Kimio , Tero-Kubota Shozo , Ikegami Yusaku
Published: July 2006

CIDEP spectra of several o-quinone anion radicals generated from the photolyses in the presence of amines have been measured. The T1 states associated with the reaction were assigned to the ππ* state for 1,2-naphthoquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and the nπ* for acenaphthenequinone in character.
Pyrolysis of Azidomanganese(III) Porphyrin Affording Nitridomanganese(V) Porphyrin
Authors: Yamamoto Yuichi , Imamura Taira , Suzuki Toru , Fujimoto Masatoshi
Published: July 2006

Azidomanganese(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, MnIII (tpp)N3, in the solid state was pyrolyzed around 236 °C to yield nitridomanganese (V) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, MnV (tpp)N.
Highly Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Alkanes to Olefins via C–H Activation in the Presence of RhCl(CO)(PMe3)2 under Irradiation
Authors: Sakakura Toshiyasu , Sodeyama Touru , Tokunaga Yuko , Tanaka Masato
Published: July 2006

Olefins and dihydrogen were catalytically formed from alkanes at an ambient temperature in the presence of RhCl (CO)(PMe3)2 under irradiation.
5′-Phosphatidylnucleosides Spontaneously Assemble to Form Circular and Linear Helical Strands
Authors: Yanagawa Hiroshi , Ogawa Yoko , Furuta Hiroyuki , Tsuno Katsushige
Published: July 2006

Phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates containing two long alkyl chains and a nucleotidyl residue have been synthesized and their self-organization and morphology have been investigated. 5′-Phosphatidylcytidine and 5′-phosphatidyldeoxycytidine spontaneously assembled to form circular and linear strands. Image processing analysis of the electron micrograph of the strands confirmed that they are indeed double helix reminiscent of the double-helical structure of nucleic acids.
Structure and Synthesis of Alboatrin, a Novel Phytotoxic Metabolite from Verticillium albo-atrum
Authors: Ichihara Akitami , Nonaka Masahiko , Sakamura Sadao , Sato Rinzo , Tajimi Akitoshi
Published: July 2006

Structure of Alboatrin, a novel phytotoxin isolated from Verticillium albo-atrum has been elucidated on the spectroscopic data and has been confirmed by the synthesis. A biogenesis for the unique phytotoxin is suggested.
Biphasic Effect of Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides on Gel-to-liquid-crystalline Phase Transition Temperature of Dilauroylphosphatidic Acid (DLPA) Vesicle Membrane
Authors: Inoue Tohru , Iwanaga Tetsurou , Fukushima Kohsuke , Shimozawa Ryosuke
Published: July 2006

The effect of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides on the gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature of DLPA vesicle membrane was studied. In the measured concentration range, the surfactants with C14/C8 chain lengths elevated/depressed the transition temperature monotonously, whereas those with C10 and C12 elevated it at low concentrations and depressed it at high concentrations.
New Type of Crystalline Support for HDS Catalyst
Authors: Sato Toshio , Kanzaki Shuzo , Yoshimura Yuji , Shimada Hiromichi , Matubayashi Nobuyuki , Shibazaki Yasuo , Nishijima Akio
Published: July 2006

Molybdenum sulfide catalysts supported on crystalline CoO·Al2O3 spinel showed much higher hydrocracking activity of C–C bonds and lower hydrogenation activity of aromatic rings than those other supports. Superior HDS activity of the catalyst was obtained on this new type of crystalline supports.
A Study on Mineral Compositions of Suspended Particles in Coastal and Estuarine Water Using X-Ray Diffractiometry
Authors: Akagi Tasuku , Haraguchi Hiroki , Tsubota Hiroyuki
Published: July 2006

Mineral compositions of suspended particles (SPs) collected at coastal and estuarine areas in Tokyo Bay were investigated by X-ray diffraction spectrometry, where quartz, feldspar, illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and gibbsite were identified. The behaviors of such minerals in the estuarine area will be discussed.
Unusual Coordination Mode of Carnosine (β-Alanyl-l-histidine) in a Cobalt(III) Complex
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Yasui Takaji , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Ama Tomoharu , Hidaka Jinsai
Published: July 2006

The peptide complex, [Co(Hcar)(en)(OH2)]Cl2·H2O (H2car: β-alanyl-l-histidine) was newly prepared in acidic aqueous solution and its crystal structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction study. In the complex cation, the carnosine ligand coordinates to cobalt(III) as a terdentate through peptide N, carboxyl O, and imidazole N. The amino group is not coordinated to cobalt(III).
Synthesis of a Novel μ-Oxo Binuclear Copper(II) Complex Ligated by Hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate
Authors: Kitajima Nobumasa , Koda Takayuki , Moro-oka Yoshihiko
Published: July 2006

A novel μ-oxo binuclear copper(II) complex, [CuHB(3,5-Me2Pz)3]2O in which the each of coppers coordinates to three nitrogens, was prepared by the reaction of a copper(I) triphenylphosphine complex with iodosylbenzene.
A Radical Cyclisation Route to 3-Alkyl Furans. Synthesis of Perillene and Dendrolasin
Authors: Srikrishna Adusumilli , Sunderbabu Gajendran
Published: July 2006

A general three step synthesis of 3-alkyl furans, including Perillene and Dendrolasin, from alk-2-ynyl alcohols is described via radical cyclisation of 2-bromo-1-ethoxyethyl alk-2-ynyl ethers to 2-ethoxy-4-alkylidene tetrahydrofurans.
Preparation and Reactivities of trans-[(E-PhCH=CHCH2CO)MBr(PPh3)2] (M = Pd, Pt) as Key Intermediates for Cyclocarbonylation of Cinnarayl Compounds
Authors: Matstjzaka Hiroyuki , Hiroe Yoshitaka , Iwasaki Masakazu , Ishii Youichi , Koyastj Yukio , Hidai Masanobu
Published: July 2006

Reaction of Pd(CO)(PPh3)3 with trans- or cis-cinnamyl bromide under 20 atom of CO at room temperature gave trans-[(E-PhCH=CHCH2CO)PdBr(PPh3)2], (1), whereas similar reaction under 1 atom of CO afforded (η3-1-Ph-allyl)PdBr(PPh3) which was not converted into 1 under 20 atom of CO at room temperature. Very facile migration of the carbon–carbon double bond in 1 was observed in solution at ambient temperature. Treatment of 1 or its platinum analogue (1′) with Ac2O and Et3N under 60 atm of CO at 16O°C gave 1-naphthyl acetate in moderate yield.
New Organic Conductor (TTT)2OCNAQ(DMF). Transverse Interaction through the OCNAQ Molecules
Authors: Inabe Tamotsu , Mitsuhashi Tsutomu , Maruyama Yusei
Published: July 2006

A new organic conductor (TTT)2 OCNAQ(DMF), where TTT is 5,6:11,12-bis(epidithio)naphthacene, OCNAQ is 11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14-octacyano-1,4:5,8-anthradiquinotetramethane, and DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide, has been prepared electrochemically. The crystal consists of one-dimensional TTT stacks with the OCNAQ and DMF molecules lying between the TTT columns. There exist short S···N contacts, and the transverse interaction has been demonstrated by the small anisotropy of the electrical conductivity.
Steric Effects on the Rates of Dissociation of Axially Coordinated Imidazoles in Hindered Low Spin Ferric Porphyrins
Authors: Nakamura Mikio
Published: July 2006

Axially coordinated imidazoles in some low spin ferric complexes derived from meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) dissociate more rapidly than those derived from meso-tetramesitylporphyrin (TMP). The results have been ascribed to the stability of bis-ligated TMP complex relative to the sterically less hindered TPP analogue.
Allylic Phosphates as Allyl Anion Synthons. Lithium-induced Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Araki Shuki , Butsugan Yasuo
Published: July 2006

Ultrasonication of allylic phosphates and carbonyl compounds with a lithium powder gave high yields of the corresponding homoallylic alcohols.
Distinctive Photochemical Behavior of Rotationally Isomeric 2,5-(trans-4-Octeno)-p-benzoquinones
Authors: Miyake Masaru , Tsuji Takashi , Furusaki Akio , Nishida Shinya
Published: July 2006

Rotational isomers of 2,5-(trans-4-octeno)-p-benzoquinones, (1-A) and (1-B), behave distinctively in the photoreaction. The double bond in the side chain of 1-A cycloadds to the C (2) and C (5) of the quinone moiety, whereas 1-B is reluctant to do so. The results are interpreted in terms of frontier orbital interactions.
Iron Carbonyl Mediated Intramolecular Dimerization of Acetylene to a Novel (Trimethylenemethane)diiron Hexacarbonyl Complex
Authors: Sakurai Hideki , Hirama Kazuhiro , Nakadaira Yasuhiro , Kabuto Chizuko
Published: July 2006

The reaction of 3,3,5,5,8,8,10,10-octamethyl-4,9-dioxa-3,5,8,10-tetrasilacyclodeca-1,6-diyne with diiron nonacarbonyl gave a (trimethylenemethane)iron tricarbonyl complex whose structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Effect of Cation Substitution on the Oxygen Semipermeability of Perovskite-type Oxides
Authors: Teraoka Yasutake , Nobunaga Takashi , Yamazoe Noboru
Published: July 2006

Oxygen semipermeability of LnCoO3-based perovskite-type oxides changed drastically by the partial substitution of A site and B site cations, Ba and Cu being the most effective substituents, respectively. Host rare earth cations (Ln) also affected the oxygen semipermeability, which increased with a decrease in ionic radius of Ln.
Reactions of p-Benzoquinone Diimine Derivatives with N,N-Dimethylanilines
Authors: Miyagi Yo , Maruyama Kazuhiro , Kurokawa Mitsunori , Yoshii Ayumi
Published: July 2006

N,N′-Bisalkoxycarbonyl-p-benzoquinone diimine underwent a thermal addition reaction with N,N-dimethylanilines to form an N–C bond between an imino group and an N-methyl group. Upon irradiation the reaction was accerelated. The reaction did not proceed with N-alkyl substituted anilines other than methyl.
Photofluidization of Phospholipid Membrane Induced by Isomerization of Azobenzene Amphihiles at Varying Depth in the Membrane
Authors: Yamaguchi Hideki , Ikeda Tomiki , Tazuke Shigeo
Published: July 2006

Induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the mixed bilayer of azobenzene amphiphiles with dipalmitoyl-l-α-phosphatidylcholine was closely related to membrane fluidity controlled by trans–cis photoisomerization of the chromophore. Degree of the photochemical perturbation on membrane properties was the strongest when the azobenzene moiety was located in the middle of the long alkyl chain.
Direct Oxidation of Arenes to Arene Oxides by 2-Nitrobenzene Peroxysulfur Intermediate Generated from 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl Chloride and Superoxide
Authors: Lee Hyeon Kye , Kim Kyoung Soo , Kim Jack C , Kim Yong Hae
Published: July 2006

Acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, which are inert with superoxide itself, were readily oxidized to the corresponding arene oxides by a 2-nitrobenzene sulfonylperoxyl radical intermediate (A) generated from 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and potassium superoxide in polar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile, nitromethane, and dimethylformamide under mild conditions.
Diamond Synthesis by the Microwave Plasma CVD Method Using a Mixture of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Gas (I)
Authors: Ito Kazuomi , Ito Toshimichi , Hosoya Ikuo
Published: July 2006

The authors have succeeded in diamond synthesis by a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (plasma CVD) method using a mixture of CO and H2 gas, which had been thought to be difficult to achieve. The growth rate when using CO as the feedstock gas is about several times faster than that when using CH4.
Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenolysis of Alkenylcyclopropanes Having Two Electron Withdrawing Groups Using Ammonium Formates
Authors: Shimizu Isao , Aida Fuyuki
Published: July 2006

Selective hydrogenolysis of vinyl- or 2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenylcyclopropanes having two electron withdrawing groups was carried out using palladium–phosphine catalysts with ammonium formates. The reaction proceeded with inversion of stereochemistry.
Selective Displacement of a Triphenylphosphine Ligand in Triorgano(triphenylphosphine)gold(III) with Alkyl Lithiums Affording Tetraalkylaurates(III)
Authors: Komiya Sanshiro , Endo Isao , Ozaki Satoshi , Ishizaki Yasushi
Published: July 2006

Reactions of cis- and trans-dimethylethyl(triphenylphosphine)gold(III) with ethyl lithium selectively afford anionic square planar cis- and transdimethyldiethylaurates(III), respectively. On hydrolysis, the former gives cis-methyldiethyl(triphenylphosphine)gold(III), whereas the latter transdimethylethyl(triphenylphosphine)gold(III).
ESR of Radical Anion and Radical Trianion of [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo-tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane
Authors: Hirayama Masatoshi , Seki Akihiko , Yamashita Yoshiro , Suzuki Takanori , Miyashi Tsutomu
Published: July 2006

The radical trianion of the title compound as well as its radical anion, formed by the electrolytic reduction in acetonitrile in the presence of nBu4NClO4 at room temperature, was characterized by the analysis of their ESR spectra.
Dehydrogenative Coupling of Methane by Use of Thermal Diffusion Column
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuaki , Kadota Akira , Saito Chiaki
Published: July 2006

By using a thermal diffusion column as reactor, the dehydrogenative coupling of methane was investigated over electrically heated tungsten wire at 1000–1400 °C. Besides hydrogen, the main product by the downward flow of methane was C2 hydrocarbon, although that by the upward flow was aromatic oil.
Generation and Reactions of Bis(arylmethylene)propanethione
Authors: Motoki Shinichi , Terauchi Yasuhiro , Kametani Shunichi
Published: July 2006

The reaction of bis(arylmethylene)propanone and P4S10 gave 3,8-bis(2-arylvinyl)-5,6-diaryl-2,9-dithia-1-phosphabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,7-diene 1-sulfide. Upon heating, the sulfide generated the title compound which was trapped by various dienophiles as [4+2]cycloadducts.
A Novel Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Sulfones via the Telluride Ion-Assisted Coupling of Arenesulfonyl Chlorides with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Nishioka Yoshinobu , Padmanabhan Seetharama Iyer , Ogawa Takuji
Published: July 2006

Arenesulfonyl chlorides undergo a facile one-pot coupling reaction with primary alkyl iodides and benzyl halides through the telluride ion-induced polarity reversal, giving the corresponding alkyl aryl sulfones in acceptable yields.
Partial Oxidation of Methanol Using a Fuel Cell System at Room Temperature
Authors: Yamanaka Ichiro , Otsuka Kiyoshi
Published: July 2006

Partial oxidation of methanol in the gas phase applying the fuel cell system using Pt-bonded solid polymer electrolyte membrane produces methyl formate and methylal selectively with a trace of CO2 at room temperature. The effect of pressures of O2 (cathode), CH3OH (anode) and of H2O were examined. The increases in these pressures enhanced the rate of partial oxidation. In particular, the selectivity to methyl formate was improved with increasing the pressures of O2 and H2O.
Copper–Alumina Spinel Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methanol
Authors: Matsukata Masahiko , Uemiya Shigeyuki , Kikuchi Eiichi
Published: July 2006

A high activity and stability for steam reforming of methanol were attained with a copper–alumina catalysts prepared by the coprecipitation method, particularly with those composed of a copper–alumina spinel (CuAl2O4) formed by calcination at relatively high temperatures (773–973 K).
Structure of Evaporated Uracil Thin Films
Authors: Ohkita Noriaki , Namikawa Tatsuru , Yamazaki Yohtaro
Published: July 2006

Thin films of uracil were prepared by vacuum evaporation. The stacking structure of the molecules in the films were investigated using a transmission electron microscope(TEM) and electron diffraction analysis. The films showed a substantially higher sensitivity for ultraviolet(UV) light irradiations.
The Crystal Structure of 1:1 Complexes of (s)-(−)-10,10′-Dihydroxy-9,9′-biphenanthryl with (S)-(−)-Methyl 2-Chloropropionate and (S)-(−)-Methyl 3-Chloro-2-hydroxybutyrate
Authors: Lee Gene-Hsiang , Wang Yu , Tanaka Koichi , Toda Fumio
Published: July 2006

In order to clarify the reason for high chiral recognition ability of optically active 10,10′-dihydroxy-9,9′-biphenanthryl to guest compounds, X-ray crystal structural study of the title complex was carried out.
Uptake of NO Gas by YBa2Cu3Oy
Authors: Tabata Kenji , Fukuda Hiroshi , Kohiki Shigemi , Mizuno Noritaka , Misono Makoto
Published: July 2006

A large quantity (2.5–3 in molar ratio) of NO was taken up from gas phase by YBa2Cu3Oy (y=6.88) at 573 K, and desorbed mostly as NO at 773 K. The rate of uptake at 573 K increased with the increase in the concentration of coexisting O2 upto 8%, or by treating the sample in N2 above 850 K. The addition of Pd (0.1%) to YBa2Cu3Oy greatly accelerated the rate of NO uptake.
3-Substituted-γ-butyrolactones from 5-Trimethylsilyl-2-cyclohexenone. Synthesis of (−)-Enterolactone
Authors: Asaoka Morio , Fujii Naoaki , Shima Kunihisa , Takei Hisashi
Published: July 2006

1,4-Adducts of 5-trimethylsilyl-2-cyclohexenone (1) with Grignard reagents were converted to various hexanoate derivatives and γ-butyrolactones. Starting from optically pure 1, (−)-enterolactone (Factor X) was synthesized.
Redox Behavior of Simple Vitamin B12 Model Complexes with Cobalt–Carbon Bonds and Catalytic Carbon-Skeleton Rearrangements
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Hisaeda Yoshio , Fan Sheng-Di , Matsuda Yoshihisa
Published: July 2006

The cobalt complex of 2,10-diethyl-3,9-dipropyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazaundeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene-1,11-diol catalyzed electrolyses of alkyl halides with electron-withdrawing groups at the β-position to afford rearrangement products via oxidation of the corresponding dialkylated complexes as intermediates.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Alkyl Substituted Lactones by Enantioselective and Chemoselective Alkylation of Formylesters with Dialkylzincs Using N,N-Dibutylnorephedrine
Authors: Soai Kenso , Yokoyama Shuji , Hayasaka Tomoiki , Ebihara Katsumi
Published: July 2006

Optically active 4-alkyl-γ-butyrolactones and 5-alkyl-δ-valerolactones were obtained in high enantiomeric excesses (85–95% e.e.) from the catalytic asymmetric alkylation of 3- and 4-formylesters with dialkylzincs using N,N-dibutylnorephedrine as catalyst.
CNDO-Electrostatic Potential Maps for α-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Sakurai Minoru , Kitagawa Masaki , Hoshi Hajime , Inoue Yoshio , Chûjô Riichirô
Published: July 2006

On the basis of electrostatic potential maps of α-cyclodextrin(α-CD), the origin of the large dipole moment of α-CD is explained. It is also pointed out that electrostatic properties inside the cavity vary dramatically depending on the conformation of the macrocyclic ring of α-CD.
Assignment of Absolute Configuration for Virantmycin and Synthesis of Its Antipode
Authors: Morimoto Yoshiki , Oda Kaoko , Shirahama Haruhisa , Matsumoto Takeshi , Omura Satoshi
Published: July 2006

A total synthesis of antipodal virantmycin was accomplished starting from p-aminobenzoic acid. Absolute stereochemistry of the natural one was shown to be 2S, 3R.
KrF Excimer Laser-induced Dehydrochlorination of 1,2-Dichloropropane
Authors: Ouchi Akihiko , Niino Hiroyuki , Yabe Akira , Kawakaml Haruhiko
Published: July 2006

Dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloropropane was conducted with and without irradiation of KrF excimer laser (248 nm). It afforded four products, cis-1-, trans-1-, 2-, and 3-chloropropene. The reaction was remarkably accelerated with irradiation of laser especially at the low temperatures.
An Efficient Electrochemical Coupling of Allylic Halides by Using a Copper Anode
Authors: Tokuda Masao , Endate Kazuhiro , Suginome Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

A new electrolytic method for an efficient coupling of allylic halides by the use of a copper anode and a platinum cathode in the presence of sodium iodide is described. A method which avoids a loss of the copper anode owing to dissolution is also described.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Phosphodiesterase 10A in Multiple Mammalian Species
Authors: Coskran Timothy M. , Morton Daniel , Menniti Frank S. , Adamowicz Wendy O. , Kleiman Robin J. , Ryan Anne M. , Strick Christine A. , Schmidt Christopher J. , Stephenson Diane T.
Published: July 2006

A monoclonal antibody directed against the amino terminal of rat phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) was used to localize PDE10A in multiple central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues from mouse, rat, dog, cynomolgus macaque, and human. PDE10A immunoreactivity is strongly expressed in the CNS of these species with limited expression in peripheral tissues. Within the brain, strong immunoreactivity is present in both neuronal cell bodies and neuropil of the striatum, in striatonigral and striatopallidal white matter tracks, and in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. Outside the brain, PDE10A immunoreactivity is less intense, and distribution is limited to few tissues such as the testis, epididymal sperm, and enteric ganglia. These data demonstrate that PDE10A is an evolutionarily conserved phosphodiesterase highly expressed in the brain but with restricted distribution in the periphery in multiple mammalian species. (J Histochem Cytochem 54:1205-1213, 2006)
Bone mineral density in bulimic women – influence of endocrine factors and previous anorexia
Authors: Naessén Sabine , Carlström Kjell , Glant Rolf , Jacobsson Hans , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén
Published: July 2006

Objective: Data concerning bone mineral density (BMD) in bulimia nervosa are contradictory and include both low and normal values. The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible endocrine-and nutrition-related factors predicting BMD in bulimic women.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Seventy-seven bulimic patients and 56 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were examined with respect to BMD (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and to serum levels of hormones and metabolic factors.

Results: Bulimics had significantly lower spinal BMD and higher frequency of osteopenia in the total body than controls. Furthermore, bulimic women had significantly lower levels of estradiol-17β and free thyroxine and significantly higher cortisol levels compared with controls. Among the bulimics, 31.2% had present menstrual disturbance, 51.9% had a history of amenorrhea and 23.4% had previous anorexia nervosa. Subgroups of bulimics with a history of amenorrhea and previous anorexia nervosa had significantly lower total and spinal BMD than controls, whereas those without such history did not differ from the controls. In univariate analysis, a history of amenorrhea, cortisol, testosterone, previous anorexia nervosa, and BMI showed significant associations with spinal BMD. Multiple regression analysis including all significant variables revealed previous anorexia nervosa to be the strongest determinant of spinal BMD, accounting for 34% of the variance, while associations between endocrine factors and BMI disappeared.

Conclusions: Low bone mass in bulimics may be explained by previous anorexia nervosa, whereas endocrine variables related to BMD seem to be secondary determinants that are dependent on previous anorexia nervosa and BMI.
Glycosaminoglycans increase levels of free and bioactive IGF-I in vitro
Authors: Møller Anne Vestergård , Jørgensen Søren Peter , Chen Jian-Wen , Larnkjær Anni , Ledet Thomas , Flyvbjerg Allan , Frystyk Jan
Published: July 2006

Background: It is unclear how IGFs become separated from their IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in vivo. However, the IGFBPs possess binding sites for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and interaction with GAGs alters IGFBP ligand affinity. Accordingly, GAGs may control IGF bioavailability. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of GAGs on serum levels of free and bioactive IGF-I, total IGF-I, and IGFBPs in vitro.

Methods: Serum was incubated with increasing concentrations of six different GAGs (heparin, tinzaparin (Innohep®), dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, non-anticoagulant (nac) heparin, and nac low-molecular weight heparin). To investigate for reversibility, heparin was co-incubated with protamine sulfate (PS). Finally, the effect of heparin was studied in serum from pregnant and post partum women, normal subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes.

Results: All GAGs increased free IGF-I in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001), whereas total IGF-I and IGFBP levels remained unchanged. However, the potency of the GAGs differed significantly (P < 0.0001) and did not relate to their anti-coagulating activity. The effect of heparin on free IGF-I was fully reversed by PS. Heparin increased free and bioactive IGF-I in all tested sera (P < 0.0001), but the increase was most pronounced in samples from pregnant women (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion: All tested GAGs stimulated the release of free and bioactive IGF-I in several types of serum, most likely by reversible interaction with the IGFBPs. The effect was most pronounced in pregnancy sera, which are characterized by extensive IGFBP-3 proteolysis. Our findings support the view that GAGs localized in the vessel wall and attached to the extracellular matrix control IGF-I tissue accessibility and bioactivity.
Development of a Linkage Map and Mapping of Phenotypic Polymorphisms in a Free-Living Population of Soay Sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Beraldi Dario , McRae Allan F , Gratten Jacob , Slate Jon , Visscher Peter M , Pemberton Josephine M
Published: July 2006

An understanding of the determinants of trait variation and the selective forces acting on it in natural populations would give insights into the process of evolution. The combination of long-term studies of individuals living in the wild and better genomic resources for nonmodel organisms makes achieving this goal feasible. This article reports the development of a complete linkage map in a pedigree of free-living Soay sheep on St. Kilda and its application to mapping the loci responsible for three morphological polymorphisms for which the maintenance of variation demands explanation. The map was derived from 251 microsatellite and four allozyme markers and covers 3350 cM (∼90% of the sheep genome) at ∼15-cM intervals. Marker order was consistent with the published sheep map with the exception of one region on chromosome 1 and one on chromosome 12. Coat color maps to chromosome 2 where a strong candidate gene, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), has also been mapped. Coat pattern maps to chromosome 13, close to the candidate locus Agouti. Horn type maps to chromosome 10, a location similar to that previously identified in domestic sheep. These findings represent an advance in the dissection of the genetic diversity in the wild and provide the foundation for QTL analyses in the study population.
Outcomes Associated with Vasoactive Therapy in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Arnold Lindsay M. , Crouch Michael A. , Carroll Norman V , Oinonen Michael J.
Published: July 2006

Study Objectives. To describe the clinical management of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in patients receiving intravenous treatment with dobutamine, milrinone, or nesiritide, and to evaluate differences, based on treatment received, in the in‐hospital mortality rate, length of stay (LOS), total health care costs, and 30‐day hospital readmission rate.

Design. Retrospective cohort analysis.

Data Source. University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Clinical Database Pharmacy, a database with information from 32 academic hospitals.

Patients. Two thousand one hundred thirty patients with ADHF who received dobutamine (1311 patients), milrinone (433), or nesiritide (386).

Measurements and Main Results. Patients with ADHF were categorized according to the vasoactive therapy received. To evaluate baseline characteristics, χ2 analysis was used; logistic regression was employed to assess the relationships between drug therapy and in‐hospital mortality rates, and multivariate linear regression was used to assess whether drug therapy was related to LOS and total health care costs. All regression analyses controlled for age, sex, race, region of the United States where the hospital was located, primary payer for the hospital stay, UHC patient severity class, and chronic renal failure. In‐hospital mortality rates were 10.2%, 7.9%, and 2.9% in the dobutamine, milrinone, and nesiritide groups, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted odds ratio for death of 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–6.8) for dobutamine and 3.9 (95% CI 1.8–8.3) for milrinone (p<0.0001). Compared with inotropic therapy (dobutamine and milrinone), mean LOS in the hospital and the intensive care unit were lower with nesiritide (p<0.001). Total health care costs were lowest with nesiritide, but this reached statistical significance only when compared with milrinone (p<0.001). Thirty‐day hospital readmission rates with dobutamine, milrinone, and nesiritide were 5.0%, 9.5%, and 3.9%, respectively (p=NS).

Conclusion. Nesiritide therapy was associated with a lower in‐hospital mortality rate and shorter LOS compared with dobutamine and milrinone. In addition, total health care costs with nesiritide were decreased compared with milrinone. These observations need to be validated by a randomized controlled trial.
Clinical Effects and Management of Methamphetamine Abuse
Authors: Romanelli Frank , Smith Kelly M.
Published: July 2006

Methamphetamine is a highly potent and addictive drug that is abused in the United States and around the world. The drug is inexpensive and easily manufactured from simple chemicals such as pseudoephedrine. These features, coupled with its long half‐life and highly addictive nature, contribute to the increasing problem of illicit methamphetamine use. Abuse of this agent has both acute and chronic serious health consequences. Policy makers and public health officials must continue to develop programs that educate the public and limit the abuse associated with methamphetamine.
Cefepime Neurotoxicity: Case Report, Pharmacokinetic Considerations, and Literature Review
Authors: Lam Sum , Gomolin Irving H.
Published: July 2006

A 67‐year‐old woman with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, and recurrent urinary tract infections experienced encephalopathy and myoclonus while receiving cefepime. The adverse drug event was accompanied by elevated cefepime levels and abnormal electroencephalograms. This syndrome resolved after discontinuation of cefepime. Neurotoxicity is a known but possibly underreported adverse event associated with cefepime in patients with renal impairment who receive relatively excessive doses. Most cases reverse on drug cessation. In patients with renal disease, the maintenance dosage should be reduced and the patient monitored for neurotoxicity. Cefepime toxicity should be suspected whenever a patient receiving the drug experiences a change in mental status or myoclonus.
Rate of Aquatic and Maritime Drowning Deaths After US-Mexico Border Wall Height Increase
Authors: Lussier Anna , Lindholm Peter
Published: March 2024

This study assesses migratory drowning deaths along the southwest border of the US before and after the increase in border wall height.