bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of BST on Optical and Dielectric Properties of Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 Glasses
Authors: Intawin Pratthana , Butnoi Pichitchai , Leenakul Wilaiwan , Munpakdee Anocha , Tunkasiri Tawee , Pengpat Kamonpan
Published: January 2016

In this research, the effects of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST) on optical and dielectric properties of Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glasses were investigated. From the study, the optically transparent glass from BST system was successfully prepared by using melt-quench method. The composition of BST used in this study are ranging between 20-60 wt.% BST. It was found that the addition of BST enhanced conductivity, but in turn reduced the percentage of transmittance in the glasses. The dielectric constant (ɛr) of the BST/Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glasses improved with increasing the content of BST, which in turn plays an important role in controlling the properties of the BST/Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glasses.
Investigation some Properties of Bismuth Borate Glasses Containing Al2O3
Authors: Kongsriprapan Sopanat , Teanchai Kanyakorn , Kirdsiri Keerati , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Siriprom Wichian
Published: January 2016

The glass samples in bismuth borate glass matrix containing Al2O3, with the composition of xAl2O3 : 30Bi2O3 : (70-x)B2O3 where x are Al2O3 concentration varying from 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 mol%, have been prepared. The obtained glasses were investigated some physical and optical properties. The results showed that the densities increased with increasing of Al2O3 concentration, whereas the molar volumes decreased. For the absorption spectra, no peak in the UV to NIR regions has been observed. Moreover the energy band gap and the refractive index for all samples have been calculated.
Structural and Electronic Properties of β – CuPc: First Principles Study
Authors: Nuleg Witoon , Thanomngam Pitiporn , Sarasamak Phacheerak Kanoknan
Published: January 2016

Structural and electronic properties of CuPc in β structure (β - CuPc) were investigated by first principles calculations. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used to describe the exchange-correlation with the projector-augmented wave (PAW) method. Under ambient pressure, the calculated structural parameters were calculated and found to be in good agreement with other experimental and theoretical values. The calculated direct band gap was found to be 0.683 eV. The results of electronic properties under various pressures were presented. To investigate the properties under pressure, β - CuPc was calculated at several reduced volumes. It was found that the energy gap decreases when the pressure increases. The behaviors of electronic properties under pressure were also discussed.
Optical and Luminescence Properties of Pr3+ in Gd2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 Glasses
Authors: Kaewjaeng Siriprapa , Insiripong Smit , Kim Hong Joo , Maghanemi Utumma , Kothan Suchart , Ruengsri S. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

This paper reports on the results concerning optical absorption and luminescence properties of 25Gd2O3-10CaO-10SiO2-(55-x) B2O3-xPr2O3 (where x is 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol %) have been synthesized by melting and quenching process. The locations of the absorption peak observed are investigated for the first time. It is shown that the f-f transitions in the studied glasses are allowed by distortions of Pr3+ ions. Seven absorption bands corresponding to the 3H4 → 3P2, 1I6+3P1, 1D2, 1G4, 3F4, 3F3 and 3F2, respectively absorption bands peaked at 459,483,575,1011,1418,1513 and 1931 nm. The luminescence intensity of Pr3+ doped glass under excited at 459 and 483 nm, the emission band under excited at 459 nm wavelengths emission centered at 542 nm (3P0→3H5), 602 nm (1D2→3H4), 646 nm (3P0→3F2) and 689 nm (1D2→3H5) .The emission bands with 483 nm excitation wavelength, the emission band centered at 532 nm (3P1→3H5), 602 nm (1D2→3H4), 646 nm (3P0→3F2) and 725 nm (3P0→3F4), respectively. The present paper brings out the results pertaining to the studies carried out on different structural and optical absorption in UV-VIS-NIR region are also measured and discussed in term of energy levels, energy band gap and emission spectra of Pr3+ ions doped in Gd2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses.
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho3+ Doped in B2O3-SiO2-SrO-Bi2O3-TiO2 Glasses
Authors: Srisittipokakun Nattapon , Prongsamrong Pruek , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

A series of glasses with nominal composition in (53-x)B2O3:11SiO2:34SrO:1Bi2O3:1TiO2: xHo2O3 (BSSBT) where x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol% was synthesized by conventional melt quenching method. The as-prepared glasses have been investigated and reported for their physical and optical properties. The results show that, the densities and refractive index increase with increasing Ho2O3 content in the glasses. The absorption peaks of doped glasses were observed at a wavelength of around 420, 460, 480, 540, 640 and 900 nm which are assigned to 5I8 ® 5G5, 5G6, 5F3, (5F4+5S2), 5F5 and 5I5 transitions of Ho3+, respectively.
Visible Luminescence Properties of Sm3+ Doped Magnesium Bismuth Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Sangwaranatee Narong , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Chanthima Natthakridta
Published: January 2016

In this research, the magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses doped with different concentration of Sm2O3 have been prepared using the melt quenching method at 1200 °C. Magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses are clear, homogenous and increased yellow color with increasing the concentration of Sm2O3. Physical and optical properties of glass samples were investigated. The results show that, the density and molar volumes were increased with increasing the concentration of Sm2O3. The absorption spectra in the wavelength range at 200 - 2500 nm was observed. It was found that the absorption bands have nine peaks with corresponding to 401, 439, 472, 945, 1081, 1231, 1378, 1480 and 1533 nm. Absorption bands at 401 and 1231 nm are highest absorption spectra in visible and near infrared region, respectively. For the luminescence spectrum of glass samples has shown four emission transitions at 562 (green), 598 (orange), 664 (red) and 705 nm with excitation wavelength at 401 nm. The wavelength at 401 and 598 nm has shown highest intensity of excitation and emission wavelength, respectively.
White Light Emission from Dy3+ Doped Zinc Bismuth Borate and Bismuth Borate Glasses: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yasaka Patarawagee , Boonin Kitipun , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

In this study, the effect of zinc bismuth borate (ZBB) glass and bismuth borate glass (BB) doped with trivalent dysprosium ion were investigated. Glass were prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique, with the chemical composition of (60-x) B2O3: 30Bi2O3: 10ZnO: xDy2O3 and (70-x) B2O3: 30Bi2O3: xDy2O3 where x = 1.0 mol %. The results show the densities of glasses are 3.91 g/cm3(ZBB) and 4.24 g/cm3 (BB), respectively. The absorption spectra consists of six absorption bands that are located at 752, 796, 902, 1096, 1276 and 1681 nm, and are assigned to 6H15/2 to 6F3/2,6F5/2, 6F7/2, 6H7/2+6F9/2, 6F11/2+6H9/2 and 6H11/2 transitions. The emission spectra exhibited three emission bands corresponding to the 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 (483 nm; blue), 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 (575 nm; yellow) and 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 (664 nm; red) transitions. The lifetime for 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition are 0.178 ms (ZBB) and 0.420 ms (BB). Both of Dy3+ in ZBB and BB glasses have been show white emission and illustrated by CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates.
Spectroscopic Investigation and Optical Properties of Eu3+-Doped Fluorophosphate Glasses
Authors: Kiran Kumar K. , Manasa P. , Vijaya N. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Jayasankar C.K.
Published: January 2016

Eu3+-doped fluorophosphate (PKACaLF: P2O5 – K2O – Al2O3 – CaF2 – LiF) glasses have been prepared by melt quenching technique. The structural and optical properties have been characterized through Raman, absorption, photoluminescence and decay time measurements. The Judd-Ofelt parameters have been obtained from the absorption spectrum and are found to be Ω2 = 5.21 x10-20 cm2, Ω4 = 8.11 x10-20 cm2 and Ω6 = 1.03 x10-20 cm2. These parameters have been used to calculate the radiative properties of PKACaLFEu10 glass. The relative luminescence intensity ratio of 5D0 → 7F2 to 5D0 → 7F1 transition (R(2/1)) has been evaluated and is found to be 3.25 which indicates moderate asymmetric nature around Eu3+ ions. The luminescence decay of 5D0 level exhibit single exponential nature and the lifetimes (~ 2.50 ms) are found to be almost constant with increasing Eu3+ ion concentration. The chromaticity color coordinates (x = 0.63, y = 0.31) are in the reddish orange region. From these results, it is confirmed that the present PKACaLF glasses are useful for the development of optical display devices.
Development of Al2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 Glasses for Neutron Shielding Material
Authors: Tuscharoen Suparat , Insiripong Smit , Korkut T. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

A glass system with chemical formula xB2O3:20Bi2O3:(100-x) Al2O3 (x = 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 mol%) is prepared by melt quenching technique and were investigated the physical and neutron shielding properties. The physical properties were investigated by density, molar volume and discussed with different Al2O3 contents. The neutron shielding property was investigated by Monte Carlo techniques (FLUKA and GEANT4 codes) and neutron equivalent dose rate measurements. As a result, neutron shielding capacity of glass samples decrease with increased Al2O3 content, so increased B2O3 content is a result of positive effects on neutron shielding.
Functionalization of Au Nanoparticles on ZnO Nanorods through Low-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Kalasung Sukon , Kopwitthaya A. , Horprathum M. , Kaewkhao J. , Tuscharoen S. , Eiamchai P. , Witit-Anun N. , Aiempanakit K.
Published: January 2016

Hybrid nanomaterials exhibit multi-functionalities, which is synergy or enhanced physical and optical properties over their single components with promising potentials for various applications in dye-sensitized solar cell and photocatalytic materials. In this present research, the Au nanoparticles were prepared at HAuCl4 concentration of 0.5 mM on ZnO nanorod templates and silicon wafer substrate by hydrothermal reaction process. The prepared samples were investigated the crystal structure, chemical composition and morphologies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The XRD results shown that ZnO was preferred orientation along the c-axis (002). The FE-SEM images indicated to the difference of size-Au NPs decorated on ZnO nanorods and silicon wafer. The relationship between the surface area and the size of Au NPs of the prepared samples was investigated and possible growing mechanism of Au NPs on ZnO nanorods templates will be discussed.
Characteristic of Pore Structure and Cells Growth on the Various Ratio of Silk Fibroin and Hydroxyapatite in Chitosan Base Scaffold
Authors: Thunsiri Kittiya , Udomsom Suruk , Wattanutchariya Wassanai
Published: January 2016

In this study, Chitosan (CS), Silk Fibroin (SF), and Hydroxyapatite (HA) were selected for scaffold fabrication. The scaffolds were fabricated by freeze drying technique to produce a porous structure. Silk cocoons and bovine bone were used to synthesize the SF and HA, respectively. While CS was produced from commercialized product made from squid pen. The CS was selected as a main structure of the scaffold which was fixed at 50% by weight ratio of the specimen. Another fifty percent are the various ratio of HA and SF. The result confirmed the extraction of silk cocoons and bovine bones were acceptable used as HA and SF. The HA and SF ratio that provided the highest porosity percentage was 25:25, while the highest percentage of cells growth in 7 and 21 days was 50:0 ratio. According to MTT-assay results, the scaffolds in every ratio could be used as a tissue engineering structure for cell proliferation as well as cartilage repairing in the future.
Characterization of Gelatin Composite with Low Content Hydroxyapatite and the Influence on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Tanum Junjira , Udomsom Suruk , Wattanutchariya Wassanai , Sooksaen Pat , Kantawong Fahsai
Published: January 2016

In tussue engineering, hydrogel-based scaffold is one of the most common method for bone tissue engineering. Gelatin is a common material for scaffold, whereas hydroxyapatite (HA) has a similar composition and structure to natural bone mineral. HA can also increase cell adhesion ability of the scaffold. This research focuses on the fabrication of hydrogel scaffolds using gelatin composite with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA). Then the mechanical and physical caharacteristics of the scaffold is investigetad. Low contents nHA is introduced into gelatin in order to modulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior. There are three types of scaffolds which contain various HA content. The gelatin is crosslinked with glutaraldehyde before freeze-drying. The Young’s modulus of the surface is investigated using Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The pore size is investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Human MSCs are culture on the scaffold for 3 weeks. The result shows the sucesse in cell cultivation. However, the human MSCs cultured on the fabricated hydrogels do not show any lineage-specific differentiation.
Dyeing Properties and Color Fastness of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Uncaria Gambir Extract by the Padding Techniques
Authors: Morakotjinda Pornpen , Nitayaphat Walaikorn
Published: January 2016

The pad dyeing offers the most economical and convenient method of dyeing cotton fabric. The energy and water consumptions are at the lowest, thus rendering it more eco friendly. The dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with dye extraction from the uncaria gambir by using two padding techniques, namely the pad-batch and pad-cure techniques under different conditions. The effect of dyeing method and mordant on color strength and colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) were evaluated. The color fastness to wash, light and perspiration after dyeing the cotton fabric treated with the mordant was determined according to AATCC test method. The study showed that the color strength (K/S) of the dyed cotton fabric using pad-cure method higher than those dyed cotton fabric using pad-batch method. Meta-mordanting showed increase dye uptake and color fastness of cotton fabrics.
Effect of BCZT Dopant on Ferroelectric Properties of PZT Ceramics
Authors: Butnoi Pichitchai , Intawin Pratthana , Yongsiri Ploypailin , Pisitpipathsin Nuttapon , Pengpad Puttapon , Bintachitt Patamas , Pengpat Kamonpan
Published: January 2016

The ferroelectric ceramics with composition of (1-x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 [PZT] – x(Ba0.9Ca0.1)(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3 [BCZT] (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.10 ) have been successfully prepared via two-step mixed oxide method. The material systems of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) have been intensive studied due to their remarkable properties of high ferroelectric and piezoelectric values. In this work, we are interesting to combine PZT with BCZT system in order to improve the electrical property of the ceramic samples. From the obtained results, it can be confirmed that ferroelectric values are significant increased with the optimum amount of the BCZT.
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu Solder Alloy
Authors: Sungkhaphaitoon Phairote , Plookphol Thawatchai
Published: January 2016

The dependence of microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder alloys on different cooling rates were investigated. Two cooling rates were employed during solidification: 0.04 °C/s (mold-cooled system) and 1.66 °C/s (water-cooled system). The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder alloy increased but the elongation decreased when water-cooled system was used. The microstructure of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder alloys solidified by both cooling systems exhibited two phases of Sn-rich and Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs). However, finer grains were observed in the water-cooled specimens.
Influence of Growth Conditions on Morphology of ZnO Nanorods by Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Pokai Supawadee , Limnonthakul Puenisara , Horprathum Mati , Kalasung Sukon , Eiamchai Pitak , Limwichean Saksorn , Nuntawong Noppadon , Pattantsetakul Viyapol , Tuscharoen Suparat , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) promise high potentials in several applications, such as photovoltaic device, thermoelectric device, sensor and solar cell. In this research, the vertical alignment of ZnO NRs was fabricated by hydrothermal method with various precursor concentrations and growth time on different seed layers (ZnO and Au), which deposited on silicon wafer substrate (100). The crystalline structure and morphology of ZnO NRs have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques, respectively. The x-ray diffraction pattern shows that the prepared samples have a strong preferred orientation (002) plane. FE-SEM images of the ZnO NRs, it found that the density and aspect ratio were strongly influenced by the seed layer and precursor concentration. In addition, the aspect ratio of ZnO NRs was increased with increasing growth time. This study provides a cost effective method for the fabrication of well aligned ZnO NRs for nano-electronic devices.
Effect of Slurry Formulation on Morphology and Flowability of Spray-Dried Alumina/Zirconia Composite Particles
Authors: Chiangka Saowaluk , Watcharamaisakul Sukasem , Golman Boris
Published: January 2016

Alumina/zirconia composite materials are widely used for biomedical applications because of their high biocompatibility and good mechanical properties. In this work, the effects of slurry solid content and binder type are studied on the characteristics of spray-dried composite particles. The tap density and particle size of composite particles increase while the compressibility index decreases with increasing solid content of slurry. An analysis of the SEM micrographs of spray-dried particles confirms the formation of dense composite particles of round shape without internal holes with 70 wt.% slurry using PVA+PEG co-binder.
Effects of Electrode on Dielectric Properties of Barium Iron Niobate Ceramics Doped with Gallium Oxide
Authors: Sanjoom Kachaporn , Phatungthane Thanatep , Sweatman Denis Russell , Eitssayeam Sukum , Randorn Chamnan , Rujijanagul Gobwute
Published: January 2016

Ba (Fe0.8Ga0.2)0.5Nb0.5O3 ceramics were synthesized via a solid state reaction method. The Raman spectrum analysis indicated that the sample presented a cubic structure. Dielectric measurement on the ceramics with Ag-paste and Au-sputtered electrodes showed that all ceramic samples exhibited very high dielectric constants with a strong frequency dispersion. The Au-sputtered electrode samples presented higher dielectric tunability the dielectric constant than Ag-paste electrode samples.This behaviour was related with the electrode effect, occured in the studied samples.
Preparation of Nanoemulsion from Sacha Inchi Oil/Water by Emulsion Phase Inversion Methods
Authors: Tunkam Papitchaya , Satirapipathkul Chutimon
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion of Sacha inchi oil for cosmetic application by the emulsion phase inversion (EPI) method. The influence of surfactant type and surfactant-to-oil ratio (SOR) on the particle size distributions of the nanoemulsion was studied. The results obtained showed that nanoemulsion droplet size, and stability of nanoemulsions were varied considerably. At optimal condition, the smallest size (41.43 ± 0.12 nm.) and high zeta potential values were obtained
KOH Treatment of Photoanode on Photovoltaic Properties of ZnO Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Sujinnapram Supphadate , Moungsrijun Sasimonton
Published: January 2016

ZnO films were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrate and chemically treated by KOH solutions. The films were immersed into 2 M KOH solution with various immersing time of 0-6 min at room temperature, rinsed and thermally treated. Small pore size was observed for treated films by scanning electron microscopy indicated that dense ZnO particles were removed. Eosin-Y sensitizer was loaded into treated photoanode using re-adsorption technique. The photovoltaic characteristics were investigated under standard light illumination (AM1.5). Short circuit current densities are not much changed for 0-4 min treatment. After then, it is rapidly decreased for 6 min treatment. Open-circuit voltage, fill factor and shunt resistance are increased after treatment. In addition, increased charge transfer resistance indicated that recombination is reduced by KOH solution treatment. The reduced recombination contributes efficient electrons transport through external circuit. These improvements resulting efficiency reached maximum value of 0.72% at 4 min treatment, compared with pristine cell efficiency of 0.64%.
Phase Formation, Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Free BNKT Ferroelectric Ceramics Doped with BZZ
Authors: Kruae-In Chatchai , Puanpia Paponsan , Takhan Orawan , Inthong Suchittra
Published: January 2016

In this research, the effects of bismuth zinc zirconate (BZZ) additive on phase formation, microstructural and mechanical properties of bismuth sodium potassium titanate (BNKT) ceramics were investigated. The BZZ-doped BNKT ceramics were prepared using solid state reaction technique. The pure phase of BZZ-doped BNKT powders were achieved for a calcinations temperature of 850 °C for 4h. The obtained powders were pressed into small pellets and sintered at optimum temperature to from dense ceramics. The XRD analysis of the ceramics shows that all ceramic samples exhibited a pure phase perovskite structure. The bulk densities of samples were about 5.82-6.03 g/cm3 which measured using the Archimedes method. The mechanical properties were measured using micro hardness tester. The microstructural of sintered surface was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Average grain size increased with increasing BZZ content. The relations of these results were discussed and compared to the previous works.
Structure Properties Relationship of Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.4Ti0.6)0.98O3  Ceramics
Authors: Chumprasert Ladapak , Funsueb Narit , Limpichaipanit Apichart , Ngamjarurojana Athipong
Published: January 2016

Structure–property relationship has been performed in the lanthanum-modified lead–zirconate–titanate (PLZT) with a lanthanum content 8 and Zr/Ti ratio 40/60. The X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and sintering behavior have evidently demonstrated that it is possible to tailor the structural properties of PLZT 8/40/60. Structure of PLZT 8/40/60 had pure perovskite with tetragonal without secondary phase. Tetragonality (c/a) was observed in the range of 1.01093-1.02095. SEM micrographs were shown a development of mean grain size to clarify the development of grain after sintering processing. The result shows that increasing of sintering temperature resulted in mean grain size increasing from 1.70 to 3.08 μm. Ferroelectricity of PLZT ceramics were normal ferroelectric and dielectric constant increased with the increasing sintering temperature.
Study of the Sorption of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Amusium pleuronectes Shell
Authors: Kuha Preeyawal , Teanchai Kanyakorn , Siriprom Wichian
Published: January 2016

In the present study batch biosorption studies were carried out for the adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solution with Amusium Pleuronectes shell. Variables of the batch experiments include initial concentration of Cu (II), solution pH, contact time, were investigated. The experimental results explored that the maximum pH for efficient sorption of Cu (II) was 9. The optimum conditions of sorption were found to be contact time of 200 min, initial Cu concentration 250 mg/L. Another that, the X-Ray Driffraction (XRD) was used to confirmed the binding site between the bio sorbent and the Cu (II) ions. From XRD pattern the result suggests that the mechanism of bio sorption is rather chemisorption than physical adsorption.
The Modification of β-Al5FeSi Phase in Al-Si-Mg-Fe Alloys by Utilizing Recycled Beverage Can Body in Casting Process
Authors: Chakthin Sainatee , Kahawong Patarawan , Senthongkaew Payoon
Published: January 2016

The acicular iron intermetallic compound, β-Al5FeSi, is often quoted as disadvantages in aluminum based alloy ingots because of its brittleness. This undeniable phase, however, is found to show less effects on the ingots properties if trace manganese is added. The modified round ended and Chinese script-like structure showed significant higher ductility. The present work reports results of prospective experiments designed for obtaining shape modification of the iron intermetallic compound exclusively from readily available scrap aluminum cans as a source of manganese. A356 aluminum alloy with 1 wt.% iron and 10 wt. % manganese calculated from recycled aluminum can was melted in a laboratory furnace. The molten metal was soaked at 800°C for different aging times ranging from 15, 60 to 120 minutes before undergoing the conventional casting process. The produced ingots were characterized concerning their microstructures, hardness and final composition, which allows estimating the proper aging time for the microstructure improvement. It was observed that the 60 minute-aging time yielded the best modification of 14 micron round ended needle morphology. However, the longer aging time resulted in lower hardness as the result of the obtained Al15(MnFe)3Si2 as a majority phase.
The Various Concentration Effected on Crystallite Size of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Phewphong Sunti , Najai Kanokwan , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: January 2016

The calcium carbonate was extracted from Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarck (Cherry shell) by using the hydrothermal method. Cherry shell was washed and crushed by DI water and mortar. The powder size was analyzed by particle (aperture Size 63 μm), added x HCl (x = 2, 3, 4) and y Na2CO3 (y = 1, 1.5, 2) mixed with fine powder from Cherry shell. The mixed power was filtered annealed by autoclave at controlled temperature at 333 K for 20 h. The crystal structure was characterized by X−ray diffraction method. The phase transformation of CaCO3 was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of Cherry shell and CaCO3 powders were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the extracted CaCO3 shows single phase of CaCO3 crystal structure. Smallest crystallite size was found about of 0.54 μm.
Thermoelectric Properties and Power Generation of p–Ca3Co4O9 and n–Sr0.87La0.13TiO3 Thermoelectric Modules
Authors: Singsoog Kunchit , Thanachayanont Chanchana , Charoenphakdee Anek , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: January 2016

The Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) and Sr0.87La0.13TiO3 (SLTO) are good property of oxide thermoelectric (TE) materials. They synthesized by solid state reaction (SSR) method to study thermoelectric properties and fabrication of thermoelectric module. It was found that, synthesis of CCO shows that Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and values are 130 μV K–1, 8.31 mΩ cm, 0.82 W m–1 K–1 and 0.08, respectively at 473 K. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and ZT values of SLTO are –359 μV K–1, 2.9 mΩ m, 18.09 W m–1 K–1 and 1.13×10–3, respectively at 473 K. TE modules of CCO and SLTO were fabricated by ultra sonic soldering method. The power generation of TE modules were measured with temperature difference (ΔT) of 10–180 K. The 1 pair and 2 pairs TE modules for a maximum power generation of matching load are 19 k and 30 k, respectively. The maximum output power of 2 pairs TE module is larger than 1 pair TE module about two times.
Numerical Analysis of Constrained Failure Area Effect on Tensile Capacity of Fastening for Concrete Structures
Authors: Fornůsek Jindrich , Konvalinka Petr
Published: January 2016

This paper is focused on the numerical simulations of tensile behaviour and capacity of headed studs for concrete structures. 2D axi-symmetric numerical models of different head diameters and effective embedment depth were carried out. The distance of the support ring varied from the 0,0hef to 3,5hef from the edge of the head of the stud. It was found that the tensile capacity of the headed stud is increasing with the reduction of the resistance area by the support. The influence of the head size on the tensile capacity was also observed. The capacity increase depended on the size of resisting area of the anchor and therefore the relationship between the real resisting area and theoretical area was proposed.
Green Approach for the Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Thai Shallot
Authors: Thongpool Voranuch , Phunpheok Akapong , Piriyawong Veeradate , Limsuwan Supanee
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we used shallots in the reduction of graphene oxide for the first time. Flavone, sulfur-containing compounds, and polyphenolic derivatives in the bulb of shallot acted as good reducing agent for the reduction of GO. The GO and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. GO and RGO were the transparent sheets with the sheet edges tend to scroll and fold slightly. RGO showed a maximum absorption peak at 267 nm and had better thermal stability than graphene oxide. Raman spectra indicated removal of oxygen at the surface of GO and formation of the defect in the graphene sheet.
Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Jet on the Growth of Bread Molds
Authors: Deeyai Panakamon , Amnuaycheewa Plaimein , Kerdtongmee Pansak
Published: January 2016

Atmospheric pressure plasma is potential to inhibit microbial growth on various food surfaces without affecting product bulk and leave no significant chemical residues. The aim of this work was to study the effect of atmospheric pressure argon plasma on the mold growth on white flour wheat bread and whole wheat bread. Aspergillus sp., was isolated from the two breads and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and was directly exposed to argon plasma jet treatment at powers of 10, 20, or 40W for 5 or 10 min. Fungal dry weight determination was used to study the effect of APJ on the inactivation of the molds on the breads. The results showed there is a correlation between power level and treatment time. The higher the power and the longer the treatment time, the higher the degree of fungal inactivation. The amounts of the molds were significantly reduced after plasma treatment, especially in power of 40 W for 10 min. These results demonstrated that argon plasma jet could be used effectively to inhibit the fungal growth on bread surface.
Identification of Thermo-Mechanical Parameters of Concrete Samples from Nuclear Plant
Authors: Zatloukal Jan , Fornůsek Jindřich , Bezdička Petr , Gajdoš Martin
Published: January 2016

The civil structures of nuclear plants need to meet the most strict criteria in terms of safety and reliability not only during their design and construction, but during the duration of their life cycle. In addition, during the life-cycle of nuclear plant higher safety demands than the ones at the time of plant design may appear and the plant needs to prove meeting of such requirements. Validation of thermo-mechanical properties was required for the concrete structure of the containment building of Bohunice NPP in Slovakia. Identification of thermo-mechanical parameters of the material used in the containment structure was necessary to perform said analysis and detailed investigation on the concrete composition was performed. This paper describes the information that can be obtained using state-of-the art analytical methods – X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermic analysis (TG/DTA).
Intrinsic Light Yield and Light Loss Coefficient of LuAG: Pr under Excitation with α- and γ-Rays
Authors: Sreebunpeng Krittiya , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Nikl Martin
Published: January 2016

In this paper we present the scintillation properties of polished Lu3Al5O12: Pr (LuAG: Pr) crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The light yield (LY) and energy resolution were measured using XP5200B photomultiplier under excitation with α - and γ-rays. High LY of 20,800 and 5,700 ph/MeV were obtained at 662 keV γ-rays and 5.5 MeV α-rays, respectively, for a 2 mm thick sample. Light yield dependences on sample thickness were measured under excitation with α - and γ-rays and the intrinsic LY and light loss coefficient were evaluated. The LY ratio under excitation with α - and γ-rays (α/γ ratio) was also determined.
Treatment of Wastewater from Rubber Processing Using Hydroxyapatite and Lampang Clay Nanocomposite Filters
Authors: Chankachang Phanlob , Chantara S. , Punyanitya Sittiporn , Saelee Cherdsak , Thiensem Sakdiphon
Published: January 2016

Nanocomposite filters were prepared by sintering of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Lampang clay composite nanopowder. 50 wt% amount of Lampang clay nanopowder are incorporated into HA nanopowder. The mixing powders are uniaxially compact and then sintering at 900°C-1050°C in air. The bending strength tests were performed and microstructure characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry analysis in order to determine the optimum sintering conditions. Filtration studies using optimized filter were performed for rubber wastewater. The results from this work clearly show that nanocomposite filter is an efficient and ecologically suited environmental technology for decontamination of the wastewater generated from rubber processing.
Alcohol Sensing Properties of SnO2/CNT Nanocomposites Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Process
Authors: Sawangjit Nalita , Techitdheera Wicharn , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: January 2016

SnO2/CNT nanocomposites were synthesized via microwave-assisted process using SnCl4·5H2O as a starting precursor and UV-treated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as scaffolds. The concentration of SnCl4 was varied in the range of 0.01-0.05 M. Effect of precursor concentration on their physical properties and micro structural morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD results indicate that the as-synthesized composites are the mixture of two separated phases including SnO2 and MWCNT. SEM images indicate that the surfaces of MWCNT are thoroughly covered with SnO2 nanoparticles. Comparative gas sensing result reveals that the prepared hybrid SnO2/MWCNT composites exhibit much higher sensing sensitivity and recovery property in detecting alcohol gas at room temperature than the bare SnO2.
Development of Self-Striking Red Glass from Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Ruangtaweep Yotsakit , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

In this research, the self-striking red glass coloration from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) doped in glasses has been developed. The glass samples were prepared in formula (63.995-x)SiO2 : 15Na2O : 10CaO : 10K2O : 0.5Sb2O3 : 0.005SeO2 : 0.5SnO2 : xAuNPs (where x is 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 % by weight). The glasses were melted by normal melt-quench technique at 1,500 °C in normal atmosphere. The red color was obtained immediately when take the glass out of furnace. The red color of glasses were confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 200-1100 nm and color coordinate in CIE L*a*b* system.
Dielectric Property of NaCu3Ti3NbO12 Ceramics Doped with Small Amount MgO Nanopowder
Authors: Chomchai Wilai , Warangkanagool Chompoonuch
Published: January 2016

In this study, the NaCu3Ti3NbO12 ceramics + (0-0.5 vol%)MgO nanopowder were prepared by solid state reaction. The precursors were ball milled for 24 hours and calcined at 700-1000°C. Selected the calcinations temperature with calculate pure phase from XRD results. The powders on selected temperature were various dwell time for 2-24 hours. The optimum calcination condition for NaCu3Ti3NbO12 powder is 950°C for 24 hours. The calcined powders were doped with small amounts of MgO nanopowder and pressed into a disc shape. Sinter the green body at 975-1025°C for 10 hours. Microstructure and density were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Archimedes method with distilled water as the fluid, respectively. The rectangular grain and normal grain growth are observed. The highest relative density of NaCu3Ti3NbO12 ceramics + (0-0.5 vol%)MgO nanopowder sintered at 1000°C are close to 90%. An impedance analyzer was also used to measure the dielectric constant (εr) of 1000°C sintered sample at room temperature. The doping of small amounts of MgO nanopowder to make improved NaCu3Ti3NbO12 ceramic dielectric constants and the optimum condition for doping MgO nanopowder is 0.1 vol%.
Physical Properties of Volcanic Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Risdanareni Puput , Karjanto Adjib , Khakim Febriano
Published: January 2016

This paper describes the result of investigating volcanic ash of Mount Kelud as fly ash substitute material to produce geopolymer concrete. The test was held on geopolymer concrete blended with 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% fly ash replacement with volcanic ash. Natrium Hidroxide (NaOH) with concentration of 12 molar and Natrium Silicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkaline activator. While alkali-activator ratio of 2 was used in this research. The physical properties was tested by porosity and setting time test, while split tensile strength presented to measure brittle caracteristic of geopolymer concrete. The result shown that increasing volcanic ash content in the mixture will increase setting time of geopolymer paste. On the other hand increasing volcanic ash content will reduce split tensile strength and porosity of geopolymer concrete. After all replacing fly ash with volcanic ash was suitable from 25% to 50% due to its optimum physical and mechanical properties.
Application of Pozzolan as Materials of Geopolymer Paste
Authors: Triani Desak Nyoman Deasi , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Triwulan  , Hardono Setyo , Susanto Tri Eddy
Published: January 2016

This research use metakaolin and clay containing amorphous silica and alumina after calcination at 700°C. Mechanical properties and fire resistance of geopolymer paste increase as the ratio of silica to alumina. Mix design composition on this research based on the ratio of silica to alumina. The ratio of silica to alumina for metakaolin paste are 1.4 and 1.8. While for clay paste the ratio that used are 2.8 and 3.2. Na2SiO3 and NaOH with 10 M and 8 M were used as alkali activator at this research. Based on analysis the effect of increasing the ratio of silica to alumina increase fire resistance ability for both metakaolin and clay. However initial compressive strength is effected not only by ratio of silica to alumina but also the ratio of water to solid and SiO2/Na2O. The compressive strength decrease as the ratio of water to solid increases. Meanwhile compressive strength increase as the ratio of SiO2/Na2O increase.
Study of Fly Ash (FA) and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Geopolymer Mortar Resistance in Acidic Peat Environment
Authors: Olivia Monita , Wulandari Chrisfela , Sitompul Iskandar R. , Darmayanti Lita , Djauhari Zulfikar
Published: January 2016

Peat is superficial deposit or soil with high organic content. The soil is highly compressible and acidic. The organic acidic water in swampy peat soil consists humic acid that is potentially corrosive to concrete and metal structures. Geopolymer is a material using waste from agro-industry such as fly ash (FA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) that is activated with alkaline solution. In this research, the acid resistance of geopolymer mortars from fly ash and palm oil fuel ash was measured by change in compressive strength and porosity. The samples were subjected to distilled water and acidic peat water. The OPC mortars showed a considerable decrease in compressive strength after subjected in peat water for up to 180 days. There was a fluctuated trend of geopolymer FA and a high decrease in compressive strength of geopolymer POFA after subjected to the peat water. The porosity of the geopolymer specimens was higher than the control mortars. However, it was observed that the geopolymer FA is more resistant to the acidic peat water than the geopolymer POFA due to stable aluminosilicate bonding.
Development of Nanozeolite-Geopolymer as Adsorbent Material for Motor Vehicle Emissions
Authors: Saludung Apriany , Wardani Nurul Kusuma , Subaer  , Muris
Published: January 2016

This study examines the ability of nanozeolite-geopolyme ras adsorbent material for motor vehicle emissions. There were three samples that have been synthesized by varying metakaolin and rice husk ash masses. Nanozeolite-geopolymer samples were synthesized through geopolymerization method at 70°C by mixing metakaolin with rice husk ash and activated with NaOH solution. Samples were recurring at 200°C to improve the crystalline level. Based on the XRD characterization of the three samples, two of them contain zeolite X, namely ZG_A (100% metakaolin, ASP 0%) and ZG_B (metakaolin: ASP, 2: 1). However, zeolite X phase most conceived by ZG_A. Therefore, the ZG_A sample was then used as adsorbent to absorb motor vehicle exhaust. The tests were performed four times with time variation of 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. The XRD results showed that the material was successfully absorbed lead oxide, manganese oxide and phosphorus which are hazardous compounds when inhale by human being.
Utilization of Fly Ash, Red Mud, and Electric Arc Furnace Dust Slag for Geopolymer
Authors: Harmaji Andrie , Sunendar Bambang
Published: January 2016

Geopolymer is an aluminosilicate material that can be prepared from thermal activation of solid material containing alumina and silica as precursor and alkali activator solution. The precursor is an eco-friendly material and has a potency to replace Portland cement (cementless material). In this work, cementless geopolymer mortar was prepared by mixing fly ash as main precursors, red mud, and electric arc furnace dust slag, followed by addition of activator solution containing sodium hydroxide solution and waterglass. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of albite in geopolymer mortars, indicating that geopolymer mortars have been successfully formed. The best compressive strength of mortars was 72.80 MPa achieved by using fly ash and red mud with NaOH 12M under ambient curing.
Review on Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Zerfu Kefiyalew , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: January 2016

Due to environmental pollution form cement industries, some efforts for alternative construction material are increasing. Recently, geopolymer concrete has drawn attention of researchers and engineers because of its lower carbon print and better mechanical property over Portland cement concrete. According to previous studies, geopolymer concrete results almost up to 90% reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to atmosphere. Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete such as compressive strength, durability, sulfate resistance, early strength and low shrinkage are better than Portland cement concrete. In addition, the appropriate usage of one ton of fly ash earns one carbon-credit redemption value of about 20 Euros, and hence earned monetary benefits through carbon-credit trade.Therefore, this paper presents a review on the fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The paper mainly covers composition, mixing and curing process, benefits, limitations and applications of alkali activated fly ash based geopolymer concrete.
The Influence of Si:Al and Na:Al on the Physical and Microstructure Characters of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin
Authors: Subaer  , Haris Abdul , Nurhayati  , Irhamsyah Andi , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: January 2016

A research has been conducted to investigate the physico-mechanical and microstructure properties of geopolymers synthesised from metakaolin activated with sodium silicate solution. A wide range of physical and mechanical properties of geopolymers were studied such as bulk density, porosity, Vickers hardness, compressive strength, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. It was found that these properties were directly related to geopolymers process variables such as Si:Al, Na:Al, Na2O:H2O, time and curing temperature. The structure of the resulting geopolymers was studied by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and the microstructure of geopolymers paste and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and the matrix of geopolymer were studied by using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results gave a new insight into the composition-microstructure-property relationship of geopolymers and paving the way to the production of geopolymers with improved performance in a variety of applications.
Oil Palm Clinker Potentility for Producing Lightweight Concrete: Compressive Strength, Tensile and Modulus of Elasticity Analysis
Authors: Kamaruddin Rezuwan , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Mohd Tahir Muhammad Faheem , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: January 2016

Oil palm clinker is formed by burning of oil palm kernel shell and fibrous materials in boiler furnace. The clinker is no longer a bio-material that has changed to inert material likes the crushed brick. Large quantities oil palm clinkers have become a waste and caused disposal problem. It requires extra costs for handling, transportation and finding out suitable the dumping site. Research has been conducted to explore the potentiality usage of oil palm clinker as fine and coarse lightweight aggregates at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Mixtures of oil palm clinker concretes were designed, prepared and tested. Mechanical properties of a good mixture of tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage were satisfied the standard engineering codes of practices. Oil palm clicker concrete was found lighter than conventional concrete, which usually weighs between 2240 and 2400 kg m-3. The means of compressive and tensile strengths were found 30.79 and 3.34 N mm-2 respectively. In addition, the mean of modulus of elasticity was 13.024 kNmm-2. Therefore, oil palm clinker aggregate and concrete are recommended to be used in lightweight reinforced concrete structures.
The Strength of Bottom Ash-Based Geopolymer Brick with Inclusion of Fly Ash
Authors: Deraman Laila Mardiah , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Yun Ming Liew , Hussin Kamarudin , Yahya Zarina
Published: January 2016

This paper studies the finding of compressive strength of bricks using bottom ash as a geopolymer raw material added with several percentages of fly ash, which act as a filler, besides can give better performance of strength to the bricks according to the chemical composition and the reaction of all the geopolymer materials. The study has been conducted to produce bottom ash-based geopolymer bricks by varying the percentage of fly ash added (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) to the bottom ash-based geopolymer bricks in the mixing process. The compressive strength up to 13.69 MPa was obtained, the density is low at 20 % of fly ash added into the mixing and the water absorption is lower with the higher fly ash added using 70°C curing temperature within 24 hours at 7 days of ageing.