bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL FORECASTING ANALYTICAL BUSINESS MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SARATOV REGION
Authors:   Volga Research Institute of Economics and the Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Bryzgalina M.A. , Bryzgalin T.V. ,   Volga Research Institute of Economics and the Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex
Published: February 2021

The introduction of digital technologies into the national economy is intended to accelerate the implementation of exchanges that take place at all stages of manufacturing a particular type of product (service), starting with its production and ending with the sale to the end consumer, which can significantly increase the efficiency of performing tasks while saving time. When studying a number of scientific sources, the authors found that structured and unstructured data sets, as well as a set of approaches, methods and tools for collecting, storing, transferring and transforming them into a certain result (numerical, graphic, etc.) belong to the category Big data, which is one of the key digital technologies. Thus, it has been determined that a certain amount of information, as well as the methods of its processing with the help of software products directly on the computer (construction of economic and mathematical models, graphs, etc.) are a digital object. Profit is a key goal of the functioning of a commercial organization, and forecast plays a significant role both at the stage of initial business planning and in the framework of current activities, which enables the head to make management decisions in a timely manner and adjust the vector of his development. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to develop a digital model that makes it possible to predict the financial results of the activities of economic entities in the region. The authors proposed a digital predictive and analytical model for the functioning of agricultural organizations in the Saratov region, aimed at studying production and financial indicators in dynamics over 10 years, which is based on the method of constructing a polynomial trend line of the second degree and the equations of factors affecting profit (cost, price of a unit sold products, marketability level). The paper presents two versions of the forecast results, the first of which assumes the possibility of maintaining production volumes in the future, and the second takes into account potential changes in this indicator in future periods. In the framework of the study, standard formulas for the equation of the polynomial trend line of the second degree were used, while the role of the variable is played by the analysis period in conjunction with the forecast step. The results of the study are reflected both as a whole for agricultural organizations of the Saratov region, and on the example of individual economic entities of the region: “ZAO PZ Trudovoe”, “OOO Nashe Delo” (Marks district); “OOO Leto 2002”, “OOO Vozrozhdenie- 1” (Tatishchevo district).
SMALL BUSINESS AS A BASIS FOR LOGISTIC BARTER
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (Naberezhnye Chelny branch), Gabdullin L.V.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the development of small business using the example of that one in Naberezhnye Chelny. A competitive market is influenced by many factors. These are laws, state policy in the field of small business in the construction sector, as exemplified in this article, a competitive environment. The article presents the impact of Federal Law No. 135 “On Protection of Competition” on the competitive environment, including in construction. In our country,a lot is said about supporting small businesses, there are federal and regional programs. There is also an understanding of what kind of small business it is and what it is for. There are many definitions of small business. Each country has certain criteria for evaluating small businesses. The main thing is that the goal of small business is to increase jobs, and not just to employ people, but to increase the country’s human resources. It should be borne in mind that small businesses respond more quickly to local business conditions. The novelty of the research is that an important point of small business is the creation of a market close to perfect competition, and this is the basis of the concept of logistics barter, which will dominate the economy. The new concept of logistic barter involves the denial of monetary relations between manufacturers in the B2B segment. The B2C segment is not interesting for logistic barter. The money will remain in “households” who care about the market with ideally perfect competition. A market of perfect competition and antitrust laws will work in tandem. Banks will be relevant only for end consumers, namely “households”.
INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS AS A TASK OF STRATEGIC COMPANY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Lobachevsky University, Pronina S.V. , Nesterova T.A. ,   Lobachevsky University
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the possibilities of increasing the competitiveness of an organization within the framework of the macroeconomic task of the Russian economy. The analysis of definitions of the competitiveness of the organization of various authors is carried out, among which are represented G.L. Azoev, P.S. Zavyalov, L.Sh. Lozovsky, A.G. Porshnev, B.A. Raizberg, G.Ya. Kiperman, Pertsovskiy N.I., Fatkhutdinov R.A., Khrutskiy V.E., Korneyeva I.V., Gorbashko E.A., Maksimtsev I.A., Antonov G.D., Ivanova O.P., Tumin V.M., Sharafutdinova N.S., Palyakin R.B. In addition, the author’s definition of competitiveness is presented; it is a qualitative characteristic of an enterprise, reflecting the full compliance of the enterprise’s functioning with the requirements of market conditions of management and consumers, and reflecting the balance between the degree of customer satisfaction and the ability to preserve the interests of the enterprise itself. The analysis of the positive and negative aspects of strategies for the formation of a competitive advantage - leadership strategy through low costs; strategies for differentiating products, works and services; focusing strategies. The types of decisions that an enterprise makes for resource allocation are considered. The general (corporate) development strategy is highlighted, which includes business strategies and functional strategies, since the inflow of resources occurs at the functional level (the level of departments, services, divisions). On the basis of the considered data, it was concluded that in order to choose the right strategy, the company’s management must correctly assess the conditions of the external environment and correlate them with the available opportunities and resources; the success of the competition depends on three main characteristics of the company’s activities - the ability to adapt to the external environment, the desire to transform it in accordance with their needs, the volume of the potential sales market; each of the considered strategies is prescribed as the most relevant for a company in a situation where one of these characteristics prevails or a combination of two of them.
INSTITUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Voronina N.A. , Kara A.N. ,   Volga State University of Service, Syrnikova L.V. ,   Russian University of Cooperation (Engels branch), Shadchenko N.Y. ,   Russian University of Cooperation (Engels branch)
Published: February 2021

The development of an entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial initiative is a priority task for the socio-economic development of the country as a whole and its individual regions. Its implementation is possible, among other things, by supporting and developing entrepreneurial initiatives from the state. At the same time, the sustainability of economic growth in individual regions is largely determined by the effectiveness of the implementation of the economic development strategy adopted at the regional level and the practice of activities of economic entities operating on their territory. The article presents the materials of theoretical studies of areas of activity and empirical studies of the results of the activities of federal institutions created to activate innovative processes and implement investment projects in the regions. The presented results of the analysis of the activities of such institutions, expressed in the types and volumes of state support for economic entities, made it possible to identify and formulate the following conclusions: 1) enterprises of the Volga Federal District actively interact with such organizations and institutions as the autonomous non-profit organization Agency for Strategic Initiatives to Promote New Projects, State Corporation Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank), “AO Russian Export Center”, “AO Russian Venture Company”, Industrial Development Fund, Fund for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology, RUSNANO Group; 2) due to active participation in the programs and projects of these organizations, the Volga Federal District is in the group of leaders in terms of the main economic indicators. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the formation of an idea of the mechanisms and instruments for the implementation of state support for entrepreneurial initiative, based on the interaction of economic entities with federal development institutions.
APPLICATION OF THE GAME THEORY AND REFLEXIVITY WHILE DEVELOPING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CHOOSING A STRATEGY BY THE RUSSIAN BANKING MARKET PLAYERS
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Nechvoloda E.A. , Koreeva E.B. ,   Samara National Research University, Gryaznov S.A. ,   Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service
Published: February 2021

The gradual development of society and innovations in the Russian economy over the past century has led to the emergence of market relations in the country, which, unlike the planned economy that existed before, meant freedom of development and action. However, because such changes, market participants had to pay attention to new factors - risk, competition, etc. To improve the efficiency and results of decisions made in the given conditions, enterprises use game theory, thanks to which each agent can predict the actions of other agents and develop a strategy for his own game that would bring maximum benefit. Originally, game theory was a formal branch of mathematical science, although it was used to study primary economic models of the mid-20th century. However, after the Second World War, scientists acquired a more serious interest in this area, and they began to apply it in various spheres of human activity. Nowadays, game theory is actively developing, and it is used to create and analyze mathematical theoretical and applied models. This paper considers the basic concepts applicable in the analysis and optimization of the banking services market, namely, game theory, game, uncertainty, Herfindahl- Hirschman index, Nash equation, etc. Within the framework of this theory, the banking services market of the Russian segment of the world market as of 2015-2019 is considered; and an assessment of possible market situations, the agents’ moves and their effectiveness is given. A mathematical model of the strategy choice by the players in the Russian segment of the banking services market is presented, which implies reflection and interaction between players.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP TAXES CONSULTING SERVICES MARKET
Authors:   Samara State Economic University, Makhmudova I.N. , Pavlova K.S. ,   Samara State Economic University
Published: February 2021

The article describes topical issues of the tax consulting services market. The structure of the tax consulting services market is described. There is no clear regulation of activities in the service market: audit companies are guided by federal law in their professional activities; companies-members of professional tax consulting communities follow the internal documents of such communities; independent companies choose their own methods of organizing the work process within the civil legal framework of the Russian Federation. The specifics of tax consulting services are reflected in the article. The use of an innovative approach is proposed as a perspective for the consulting services market development. Product and process innovations in the field of tax consulting are considered. Digital directions for the development of consulting services are recommended, for example, robotization for processing information about the clients of consulting companies to improve the quality of their services; tax outsourcing for organizations using digital technologies. Process innovations to improve the approach to assessing professional competencies and potential of tax consultants are proposed. The contribution of tax consultants to the intellectual capital of the organization and the improvement of the quality of the services it provides are investigated. There are several approaches to assessing high quality of tax consultants’ professional competence. These approaches are described in the article; however, they take into account the potential of employees for the company, which shows the effectiveness of an employee in the workplace. A qualified tax consultant must be able to apply the accumulated knowledge, skills and professional experience in work, constantly improving his working qualities and skills in accordance with the changing external environment of the consulting services market - these are important elements of forming a tax consultant’s intellectual capital.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR THE COMPETITIVE FORMING THE ALLIED COOPERATION OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS DEVELOPERS IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Kudryavtsev M.S.
Published: February 2021

The competitiveness of hightech industrial products developed in Russia is largely determined by the composition of the developers’ allied cooperation, which is formed taking into account abiding the requirements of the procurement activities legal regulation. The study of the main problems of organizing procurement activities was carried out and the principles of the forming allied cooperation of the high-tech industrial products developers were formulated. The necessity of applying new approaches to the formation of requirements and criteria for evaluating potential contractors for manufacturing high-tech industrial products has been substantiated, and the basic requirements for the organizational and economic mechanism of the competitive formation of allied cooperation in order to achieve high production and its activities’ economic indicators have been formed. The main element of this mechanism is a system of criteria, including a cluster of competitive requirements, which is formed by experts on the basis of sequential multilevel decomposition method. The concept of performance criterion is introduced, which reflects in the tender documentation the basic rules for assessing the conformity of the characteristics of R&D products and the tender participant to the specified requirements. An approach based on the theory of fuzzy sets is used to form performance criteria. A typical classifier and formulations of requirements for R&D performers have been developed. The essence of the organizational and economic mechanism for the competitive selection of subcontractors consists in the experts’ formation of a transparent performance criteria set at the initial stage of the competitive procedure, free from subjectivity and lobbying of specific suppliers, and the formal summing up of the results by the commission based on the results of checking the submitted applications of the contestants. Assessing the conformity of the technical products’ characteristics and the supplier to specific requirements is carried out using the traditional method of weighted summation in accordance with the recommendations of the normative legal procurement regulation. The economic efficiency of the above mechanism implementation in the practice of a high-tech industrial enterprise has been estimated.
CORONAVIRUS IMPACT ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Pedagogy and Sociology, Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Abdrakhmanova L.V. , Shchigortsova E.S. ,   Russian University of Cooperation (Kazan branch)
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection on the world economy. The high degree of infection and the rapid spread of COVID-19 caused the quarantine of certain cities and regions of the world, and since March 2020, the borders between the countries have been completely closed. This situation, naturally, could not but affect the global economic activity. The crisis caused by the pandemic has led to the fact that the leaders of the countries were forced to first of all pay attention to health problems and seriously reduce funding in other sectors of the economy. The forced self-isolation regime of the population affected all spheres of life, without exception, large and medium, and, especially, small business suffered. The sectors of the economy most affected by the coronavirus pandemic include: air and road transportation, the leisure and entertainment industry, fitness and sports, tourism, hospitality, catering, the education system, the organization of conferences and exhibitions, the provision of personal services to the population, dentistry, retail trade in non-food products, the media and the production of printed materials, etc. Statistical data on the number of cases of new coronavirus infection by country (as well as those who recovered and died from it) are today not so much of a medical nature as evidence of a deepening global economic crisis. The decline in production volumes on a global scale entails a reduction in the global consumption of most types of industrial raw materials and energy carriers. According to analysts’ forecasts, the possibility of a quick return to the previous economic activity is not foreseen, negative processes may continue for the next several years. The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious test of the readiness of the world economy to effectively resolve global problems, overcome the negative consequences of the spread of the virus and focus on those positive opportunities, the development of which can lead to economic growth in the long term. One of these promising areas of economic development is the further digitalization of society, the development of new digital technologies.
EFFECTIVENESS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPLYING SPECIALIZATION AND DIVERSIFICATION IN AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Karpets O.V. , Andreev A.A. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: February 2021

Today it is getting harder and harder for companies from all over the world to stay in the market, as doing business is associated with great risks. It is especially difficult for young enterprises that have just opened or are at this stage. When a certain group of people make a decision to open an enterprise and run a business, then one of the main questions that, as a rule, should first of all arise for them - what the company will do and according to what strategy it will carry out its main activities. There are a great many development strategies, but the most common of them are two, diversification and specialization. One strategy involves production and trade concentration on one type of goods, while the other strategy is its absolute opposite, as it involves the creation of several product lines that are in no way connected with each other, and the sale of these goods is done to different sales markets. In this article, a comparative analysis of using diversification and specialization strategies was carried out; the analysis was fulfilled on the basis of considering the positive and negative aspects of these strategies. The result of the research was the conclusion that diversification strategy is the more effective than the specialization strategy, since the number of positive and negative aspects of using the diversification strategy is the same, in the case of the specialization strategy, it was found that the number of its disadvantages exceeds the number of advantages from its use. Based on this information, the conclusion of the study was made.
Deep Learning Identifikasi Tanaman Obat Menggunakan Konsep Siamese Neural Network
Authors: Kartarina Kartarina , Mardedi Lalu Zazuli Azhar , Madani Miftahul , Jihad Miftahul , Riberu Regina Aprilia
Published: February 2021

One of the roles of humans in community empowerment activities is in the health sector. Community empowerment in this field can be carried out through efforts to improve community health by utilizing family medicinal plants. The purpose of using family medicinal plants is so that the community can preserve these plants, reduce hospital costs, and serve as access to first aid for health if health services are difficult to reach. Based on this explanation, to increase public knowledge and understanding of the types of Toga and its benefits as a medicinal ingredient, it can be done several ways. One of them is through an in-depth learning approach. The deep learning approach with Siamese Neural Network is by comparing two patterns and producing an appropriate output based on the similarity of the two patterns. The application of Siamese Neural Network with an Android Smartphone is the right choice because it can facilitate the community in terms of usage. Based on these problems, the writer wants to build an application that can identify plants based on Android-based leaf images by applying the Siamese Neural Network approach. In this study, the results achieved were that the Siamese Neural Network could be implemented on Android-based smartphones. The application was able to identify family medicinal plants based on leaves.
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Masyarakat Nusa Tenggara Barat pada Pandemi Covid-19 di Media Sosial dengan Metode Crawling
Authors: Budiarto Jian
Published: February 2021

People can write to the government about what they want through social media in the freedom of information era. Especially in the Covid-19 pandemic, the public's desire for government attention is getting higher. The purpose of this activity is to collect community needs at the beginning of the pandemic. The period of information retrieval is from March 30 to April 5, 2020. The activity uses the crawling method, which is gathering information with browser tools. The implementation stage starts from taking information with selenium, identifying posts and comments with Html tags, calculating the emergence of issues with N-gram NLP, and analyzing sentiment with Naive Bayes and Support-Vector Machine. The results showed that the community did not have panic to need foods with a total reaction of 172. The community was more worried about the spread of outbreaks from outside NTB with a reaction of 1,421.
SHARIA NORMS IN FUNERAL RITES OF KUMYKS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: ГУСЕЙНОВ Ю.М.
Published: February 2021

В статье на основе специальной исторической литературы, архивных материалов, полевого этнографического материала рассматривается проблема влияния адата и шариата на похоронно-поминальные обряды во второй половине XX века. Автор, справедливо отмечают, что у кумыков в этот период довольно ярко проявились нормы адата и шариата. Кумыки проводили похоронно-поминальные обряды согласно нормам ислама. Согласно шариату, кумыки читали молитвы над усопшим, посещали кладбище в течении 52 дней, приглашали на тазият (траурное собрание во дворе усопшего) родственников и друзей усопшего.
MAIN CONCEPTS OF THE "RUSSIAN NATIONAL STATE" IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: ГУАЗАА Л.В.
Published: February 2021

В статье анализируется проблема осмысления понятия «национальное государство», проблема определения его базового признака как универсальной категории; обозревается историческое формирование, становление и развитие теорий/концептов различных типов национальных государств в мире и анализируется историческое становление либерально-демократического национального государства в постсоветской России; рассматриваются основные концепты (теории) формирования национального государства, известные в зарубежной политической науке и анализируются основные современные концепты национального государства в России в контексте современной российской национальной политики.
COMPARISON OF POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN RUSSIA IN THE 1990S AND EARLY 2000S: COMMON AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
Authors: КАРЛАКОВ В.С.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются специфические особенности политической институционализации в России постсоветского периода и начала 2000-х годов. Автор на основе исследования проводит сравнение определенных политико-институциональных изменений данных периодов. В статье выявлены цели, задачи, направления институциональных реформ в 1990-2000-е годы. Автор обосновывает причины сходства и отличий институциональных изменений как в их формате, так и реализации. В частности, разные цели и способы оформления «исполнительной вертикали» при Б.Н. Ельцине и В.В. Путине. Несмотря на различие векторов политических и экономических реформ, автор отмечает сходство некоторых институциональных изменений в России в 1990-е и начале 2000-х годов.
On Religious and Cultural Principles of Environmental Protection
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: February 2021

The influence of religion on the human attitude to nature has been a thoroughly studied issue over the last sixty years. The present paper addresses a particular aspect of this issue, namely, it provides a comparison of religious and cultural principles characterizing animistic religions and Christianity. It also concentrates on the ecological consequences of supplanting animism with Christianity. The results of the conducted research indicate that the role of religious and cultural principles standing guard over nature is usually either overestimated or depreciated. Religion may only become an important ally making a real contribution to nature conservation at both local and global levels, providing that those principles are attributed their proper significance.
The Analysis of Government Expenditures in the European Union
Authors: Serban Florica Mioara , Stoenoiu Carmen- Elena , Cristea Ciprian
Published: February 2021

This article analyses data on general government expenditure, at the level of the European Union (EU 28) according to the Classification of the Functions of Government – COFOG over the 2008-2017 period. Data shows that the expenditures increased at the beginning of the economic crisis in all EU countries, being followed by a slowdown in expenditures growth. All countries have adopted policies in order to reduce government expenditures towards the end of the period, aiming to increase their efficiency. Usually in high-income countries, compared with low-income countries, government expenditures are much larger as percent of gross domestic product (GDP), but the relations are not very strong though.
Carbon Sequestration in Soil as a Sustainable Way of Greenhouse Effect Mitigation
Authors: Żukowska Grażyna , Myszura Magdalena , Zdeb Magdalena , Pawłowska Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

Due to natural mechanisms of transformation the carbon compounds contained in the atmosphere into the humus, soil is an important factor controlling the concentration of atmospheric CO2. The mass of carbon contained in organic matter accumulated in the surface layer of the Earth’s crust is greater than the mass of this element in the atmosphere or biomass of all the organisms living over the globe. Over the recent years, much attention has been paid to the role of soils in limiting the reasons of climate changes, considering the possibility of increasing carbon sequestration in this matrix. This way of approaching the problem of the greenhouse effect, which does not require an involvement of complex and expensive technological solutions aimed at capturing and storing the atmospheric CO2, and additionally contributing to improving the quality of soil and water environment, and soil productivity is fully sustainable and combines the environmental, economic and social issues.
The Philosophy of Perceiving the Human Environment from the Perspective of Environmental Social Psychology and Environmental Sociology (Implications for Sustainable Environmental and Health Security)
Authors: Ciszek Mariusz
Published: February 2021

Environmental issues constitute more and more eagerly undertaken scientific issues. It is probably due to the contemporary situation, in which the threats to the environment inhabited by people are increasing. Importantly, the problems of this type are not only examined within the framework of environmental or ecological sciences but also the social sciences and humanities. There is nothing strange about it; after all, the society in which a person lives is a crucial element of the human environment. Every person’s life takes place in a particular environment, the state of which affects people, their psychophysical health and well-being, the fulfillment of life necessities, behavior, and functioning in society. Such issues are discussed within the framework of environmental social psychology and environmental sociology. This article is devoted precisely to these disciplines. The publication briefly presents the essence of these environmental social sciences (starting from the characteristics of environmental social psychology, and then moving to environmental sociology). However, their essence was shown from the perspective of a specific, concise philosophy (vision) of perceiving the human environment that can be found in these social sciences. The human environment can be understood in various ways, not necessarily coinciding with what is considered the environment in natural sciences. This vision of perception of the human environment in the publication is a useful criterion for the interpretation and division of these disciplines into two basic variants – traditional (typical humanistic and social, currently applicable) and postulated model (socio-natural). It is also able to guarantee sustainable environmental (ecological and health) security.
ARCHITEKTURA DREWNIANA SAMARY Z KOŃCA XIX I POCZĄTKU XX WIEKU
Authors: Pol Ewa
Published: February 2021

Zabudowa drewniana pochodząca z końca XIX i pocz. XX w. w Samarze, w Rosji, jest jednym z przykładów nadwołżańskiej architektury drewnianej, charakteryzującej się bogatym zdobnictwem oraz formą. Ciekawym zjawiskiem w XIX w. stało się zastępowanie architektury murowanej architekturą drewnianą. Fenomen ten spowodowany był napływem ludności wiejskiej do miasta. Z drewna budowano nie tylko zabudowę mieszkaniową, ale i budynki użyteczności publicznej (kościoły, szpitale, szkoły) oraz małą architekturę. Początkowo architektura ta znajdowała się na obrzeżach miasta. Wraz z jej popularyzacją wśród urzędników, zaczęła ona występować również w centrum miasta w miejscu wolnych parceli. Można wyróżnić wiele typów tej zabudowy: od najprostszych jednoizbowych po dwu- i trzykondygnacyjne domy ważnych urzędników. Zabudowa ta najczęściej występowała w konstrukcji zrębowej oraz szkieletowej (podziały wewnętrzne, wykusze, wieże). Ostatni wymieniony typ zabudowy mógł mieć konstrukcję mieszaną – parter był murowany, natomiast pozostałe kondygnacje drewniane. Budynki mieszkalne najczęściej zwieńczone były dachem dwuspadowym, natomiast wykusze i ryzality – dachem wieżowym. Układ funkcjonalno – przestrzenny poszczególnych rodzajów zabudowy był określony. Charakterystyczna dla tej zabudowy stała się dekoracja. W przeważającej części motywami ornamentu były formy zoomorficzne, fitomorficzne, geometryczne oraz występowały typowe formy ludowe. Dekorowane były szczyty, okna szczytowe, wiatrownice, zwieńczenia szczytów, listwy podokapowe, naroża budynku (kożuchowanie), nad- i podokienniki. Przybierały one różne formy oraz kształty. Najbardziej charakterystyczne stały się nad- i podokiennik, tworząc dekorowane obramienia okienne. Ich charakterystyczną cechą kompozycyjną była symetria. Z czasem formy obramień okiennych ulegały przekształceniu (przesuwano je względem lica ściany, spiętrzano). Ważnym elementem elewacji stały się akcenty, takie jak ryzality, wykusze, wieżyczki, balkony i niewielkie lukarny. Były one bardzo różne i występowały w dowolnej kombinacji. Cechy architektury drewnianej nawiązują do stylu, jaki panował w XIX w. – eklektyzmu. W Rosji mamy do czynienia ze swoistą odmianą eklektyzmu, polegającą na połączeniu tradycyjnych form architektury rosyjskiej – np. kokosznik – z formami zachodnioeuropejskimi różnych epok.
4998 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: F8955038620/2020©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.F8955.038620 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org An Unimpeachable System for Providing Credit Scores using Blockchain in Educational Institutions
Authors:   Assistant Professor, CSE Department, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., Devi S* Kalpana , Sainadh Bitra ,   CSE Department, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., K Hariharan ,   CSE Department, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., T Hemanth ,   CSE Department, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Published: February 2021

Ensuring security in every aspect of transactions the primary task of today’s world. Blockchain Technology is used to ensure that digital assets cannot be modified and are transparent by using decentralized hashing techniques. In today’s world, Higher Educational Institutions are competing with others by means of accreditation. As a part of this process, the best outgoing student is awarded based on his/her performance throughout the four years attributed to academics, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. The proposed system is a multifaceted application which works on the basis of providing credits. This system is implemented using Blockchain so that a ledger is distributed among all the users connected in the network, which ensures data manipulation is impossible. Based on the number of credits a student has gained, they will be provided with certain benefits. A staff is provided with administrative access to the application as they are entitled to generate a unique ID for every student. Staff also verifies the authenticity of the certificates that are being uploaded by the students which are hashed using MD5 and are appended to the existing chain. Each block in the chain is hashed using SHA-256 algorithm. A leaderboard can be viewed by the students along with the provision to view their individual scores. The student who tops the leaderboard at the end of the final year will be the best outgoing student of that batch.
Home Appliances Control using IOT & Google Assistant
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Computer Science And Engineering Department, in SRM Institute of Science And Technology, Ramapuram , Chennai India., Ashwini* Ms. C. , Sharma Satyam ,   Pre-Final Year Student of B.Tech ,Computer Science And Engineering in SRM Institute of Science And Technology , Ramapuram, Chennai India., Srivastava Arpit ,   Pre-Final Year Student of B.Tech, Computer Science And Engineering in SRM Institute of Science And Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai India., Sinha Sakshi ,   Pre-Final Year Student of B.Tech Computer Science And Engineering in SRM Institute of Science And Technology, Ramapuram , Chennai India.
Published: February 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) builds up the possibility of remotely imparting and watching genuine items (things) through the Internet When it goes to our home, this idea can be suitably consolidated to make it more intelligent and mechanize. This IoT venture centers around building a keen remote home computerization framework that can be utilized by utilizing a similar arrangement of sensors. The influence acquired by preferring this framework over comparable sorts of existing frameworks is that we can control every single electronic gadget utilizing Arduino and Wi-Fi that can work utilizing a cell phone. This framework is intended to diminish human endeavors with the goal that you can work the gadget from any edge of your room.
IMPLEMENTASI SYARAT TAMBAHAN UNTUK MEMPEROLEH PEMBEBASAN BERSYARAT DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PADA LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I MAKASSSAR
Authors: Azis Andi Asnidar , Renggong Ruslan , Siku H. Abd. Salam
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi syarat tambahan untuk memperoleh Pembebasan Bersyarat Narapidana tindak pidana korupsi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Makassar dan hambatan-hambatan yang dialami dalam proses pembebasan bersyarat Narapidana tipikor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, data-data yang disajikan diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara dan observasi di lokasi penelitian dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syarat tambahan Napi tipikor untuk memperoleh pembebasan bersyarat yaitu sebagai Justice Collaboraor dan menjalani asimilasi ½ (satu per dua) dari sisa pidana yang tidak dijalani, telah diimplementasikan sesuai peraturan yang ada. Pengusulan PB Napi tipikor dilakukan secara professional dan transparan menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Database Pemasyarakatan (SDP). Hambatan yang dihadapi dalam proses pengusulan pembebasan bersyarat Napi tipikor adalah ketidak mampuan mereka untuk membayar denda dan uang pengganti yang merupakan syarat untuk memperoleh asimilasi dan surat keterangan justice collaborator dari penyidik yang isinya menyebutkan jika selama proses penyidikan maupun penuntutan Napi tersebut tidak bekerja secara kooperatif untuk membongkar kasusnya. Lembaga Pemasyarakatan sebagai tempat pembinaan dan perawatan Napi selayaknya menyediakan pusat layanan informasi, agar informasi mengenai kegiatan pembinaan napi dan pemberian hak-hak napi dapat diketahui secara luas oleh masyarakat umum. Pemberian informasi secara jelas terhadap aturan, syarat tambahan dan tata cara pengusulan pembebasan bersyarat Napi tipikor diperlukan agar dikemudian hari tidak terjadi salah persepsi terhadap usulan PB yang ditolak.
EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM DANA DESA (DD) DAN ALOKASI DANA DESA (ADD) UNTUK WILAYAH TERPENCIL (Studi Kasus di Desa Sabaru, Kecamatan Liukang Kalmas, Kabupaten Pangkep)
Authors: Nur Rusnandi , Mas Marwan , Siku Abdul Salam
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi efektifitas hukum terhadap pelaksanaan program Dana Desa (DD) dan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) untuk wilayah terpencil, khususnya di Desa Sabaru Kecamatan Liukang Kalmas, Kabupaten Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan cara menelaah dan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku untuk digunakan sebagai dasar dalam melakukan pemecahan masalah dan dianalisis secara normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses Pengelolaan ADD telah mengikuti aturan dan petunjuk teknis yang telah diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, namun dalam prosesnya masih belum optimal. Hal tersebut terlihat dari proses pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban yang mengalami keterlambatan. Faktor yang menghambat pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) yakni Rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengibahkan tanahnya kepada Pemerintah Desa, Sarana dan Prasarana yang kurang memadai, Keterbatasan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Aparat pemerintah Desa di Desa Sabaru yang rata-rata berpendidikan SMA/SMK. Hal tersebut menyebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan ADD dan petunjuk teknis pengelolaan ADD yang setiap tahun berubah. Feno-mena ini menyebabkan tim pelaksana kegiatan ADD mengalami kesulitan dalam malaksanakan tugasnya serta komunikasi masyarakat yang kurang mampu mengutarakan pendapat di depan umum.

 

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze what factors influence the effectiveness of the law on the implementation of the Village Fund (VF) and Village Fund Allocation (VFA) programs for remote areas, particularly in Sabaru Village, Liukang Kalmas District, Pangkep Regency. This study uses qualitative research, by examining and reviewing the applicable laws and regulations for use as a basis for solving problems and analyzing normatively qualitatively. The results show that the ADD Management process has followed the rules and technical guidelines that have been regulated in the legislation, but the process is still not optimal. This can be seen from the process of reporting and accountability that is experiencing delays. Factors that hamper the management of Village Fund Allocation (VFA) are the low participation of the community in donating their land to the Village Government, Inadequate Facilities and Infrastructure, Limitation of the quality of Human Resources Village government officials in Sabaru Village who are generally educated at SMA/SMK. This causes a lack of knowledge about VFA management and VFA management technical guidelines that change every year. This phenomenon has caused the VFA activities implementing team to experience difficulties in carrying out their duties and public communication that is unable to express opinions in public.
FUNGSI PENGAWASAN OMBUDSMAN TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN TATA KELOLA ADMINISTRASI DI PENGADILAN NEGERI MAMUJU
Authors: Arifain Muhammad , Siku Abdul Salam , Hamid Abd. Haris
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas fungsi pengawasan ombudsman terhadap pelaksanaan tata kelola administrasi di Pengadilan Negeri Mamuju serta untuk mengetahui apa saja kendala yang menjadi kendala dalam menjalankan fungsi pengawasan Ombudsman terhadap tata kelola administrasi di Pengadilan Negeri Mamuju, Penelitian ini dilakukan di Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Sulawesi Barat dan di Pengadilan Negeri Mamuju. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan menjelaskan fenomena dengan melalui pengumpulan data dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Maksudnya  pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk menganalisa tentang fungsi pengawasan Ombudsman terhadap pelaksanaan tata kelola administrasi Pengadilan Negeri Mamuju. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi Pencegahan dan Pemeriksaan Laporan Oleh Ombudsman terhadap pelaksaaan Tata Kelola Administrasi Pengadilan Negeri mamuju kurang efektif, sedangkan penerimaan dan verifikasi laporan cukup efektif namun secara umum Ombudsman Perwakilan Sulawesi Barat cukup efektif namun dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat beberapa kendala yaitu kendala mengenai Regulasi, Sumber Daya Manusia, Anggaran dan factor Sosialisasai terhadap Masyarakat.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the ombudsman oversight function on the implementation of administrative governance in the Mamuju District Court and to find out the problems that become obstacles in carrying out the Ombudsman's supervision function of administrative governance in the Mamuju District Court. This research was conducted at the Ombudsman Republic of Indonesia Representative in West Sulawesi and in the Mamuju District Court. The research method used is qualitative research, which is research that aims to explain the phenomenon by collecting data through normative and juridical approaches. That is the approach taken to analyze the Ombudsman's oversight function of the administration of the Mamuju District Court administration. The results of this study indicate that the function of the Prevention and Examination of Reports by the Ombudsman on the implementation of the District Court Administration is less effective,  while receiving and verifying reports are quite effective but in general the West Sulawesi Representative Ombudsman is quite effective although in its implementation there are several obstacles namely the constraints regarding Regulation, Human Resources, Budget and Socialization factors towards the Community.
ANALISA FAKTOR OSEANOGRAFI DALAM MENDUKUNG BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii DI PERAIRAN PULAU SEMBILAN KABUPATEN SINJAI
Authors: Indriyani Sri , Mahyuddin Hadijah , Indrawati Erni
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor oseanografi dan tingkat kesesuaian lokasi perairan Pulau Sembilan dalam mendukung budidaya rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni – Oktober 2019.   Penentuan lokasi budidaya  rumput laut,  dipilih berdasarkan kriteria sengaja ( purposive sampling ).  Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kisaran nilai: a) Parameter fisika terdiri atas: (1) arus  5 – 30 cm/dtk, (2) suhu     28,7 - 32 °C (3) kedalaman sebesar 2 m - 10 m, (4) kecerahan 1 m - 3,5 m, (5) substrat dasar perairan karang, berpasir (b) Parameter Kimia terdiri dari: (1) salinitas perairan 30 ppt - 32,8 ppt, (2) pH  7,37 - 9,31 (3) oksigen terlarut 4,16 - 11,08 mg/l  (4) carbon dioksida 2 - 6 mg/l (5) fosfat 0,044 mg/l – 1,185 mg/l, (6) nitrat 0,046- mg/l- 1,104 mg/l. c) Parameter biologi terdiri atas: organisme pengganggu berupa ikan dan lumut. Hasil skoring menunjukkan untuk ketiga stasiun dapat dilakukan kegiatan budidaya Kappaphycus alvarezii yaitu pada Pulau Kambuno, Batanglampe dan Kodingare.

 

This study aims to determine oceanographic factors and the suitability of the waters of the nine islands in supporting seaweed cultivation Kapphaphycus alvarezii.  The research was conducted in June-october 2019.  Determination of a proposed seaweed cultivation area, was conducted bu using conformity criterias based on the results matrix scoring and weighting. The results showed a range of values: a) physical parameters consist of (1) the flow velocity of  5 cm/s to 30  c m/s (2) water temperature      28,7 ºC to 32 ºC, (3) the depth of 2 m to 10 m, (4) brightness of 1 m to 3,5 m, (5) water bottom material types include: sand and coral, b) Chemical parameters consist of:  (1) salinity waters 30 ppt to 32.8 ppt,   (2) pH 7,37 to 9.31, (3) dissolved oxygen 4,16 to 11,08 ppm (4) carbondioksida 2 to 6 ppm ,(5) phosphate 0.044 mg/l to 1.104 mg/l, (4) nitrate 0,046  mg/l to 1.104 mg/l. c) Biological parameters consist of disturbing organism such as fish and mosses.  Scoring results show for the three station can be used for farming Kappaphycus alvarezii activities in the islands Kambuno, Kodingare and Batanglampe.