bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A values-based phenomenology for substance use disorder: a new approach for clinical decision-making
Authors: MESSAS Guilherme , FULFORD Kenneth
Published: February 2021

Abstract Phenomenological psychopathology has been defined as a human science that is concerned with the object on which clinical psychology and psychiatry act. How psychopathological experiences are understood is an important factor determining decision-making in clinical care. An accurate understanding of psychopathology is fundamental to the effectiveness of mental health treatments. This is even more important in a field such as substance use disorders in which social and cultural values influence both diagnosis and decision-making. In this article, we offer a contribution to clinical decision-making in substance use disorders by suggesting the association of Phenomenological Psychopathology and Values-Based Practice, constituting a Values-based Phenomenology We present a fictitious clinical case (to preserve confidentiality), illustrating a three-step practical application of Values-based Phenomenology. We conclude that although still a nascent discipline, Values-based Phenomenology offers a promising approach to reducing the gap between services and patients’ needs in clinical decision-making, and thus to improving clinical care in substance use disorders.
Analysis of reinforced soil wall for c–ϕ backfill considering Rayleigh wave
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Sawant Vishwas A.
Published: February 2021

Analytical methods to analyse the seismic stability of reinforced soil walls showing the effect of Rayleigh waves are not available to date. In this study, the pseudo-dynamic approach was used to determine the seismic behaviour of a reinforced soil wall considering the propagation of primary, shear and Rayleigh waves. A mathematical derivation is proposed to obtain the required strength of reinforcements, the critical angle of the failure wedge and the factor of safety (FS) of the reinforced soil wall. The non-linear distribution of tensile force in the reinforcements can easily be obtained for the case of c–ϕ backfill using the results from the present parametric study. A sizable effect of horizontal ground acceleration and soil amplification factor on the required strength of reinforcements, critical angle of failure wedge and FS was observed. The trends found for Kmax and FS clearly emphasise the prominence of Rayleigh wave consideration in the analysis.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ULTRA WIDE BAND ELLIPTICAL SLOT WITH QUARTER WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE GROUND FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
Authors: K. Devarajan M. Saravanan,
Published: February 2021

UltraWide Bandwidth (UWB) antenna with Deflected Ground Structure for wireless communication is presented in this paper. Our proposed antenna design is consisting of elliptical shape slot at patch and Quarter wave transmission line at the ground with multiband frequency operation in various wireless communications.An antenna is designed using FR4 substrate with permittivity value of 4.4 and thickness of 0.8 mm. The size of the antenna is 50 x 70 mm2presents a high gain of 4 dB with Ultra Wide Bandwidth. In proposed antenna quarter wave ground is imposed with Deflected Ground Structure to achieve overall size reduction. The ultra bandwidth antenna proposed in this paper operates at multiband frequencies centered at 3.0267 GHz, 6.1933 GHz, 9.1911 GHz, 12.1467 GHz, and 15.06 GHz with corresponding return loss of -24.0553 dB, -40.9292 dB, -20.7534 dB, -41.8718 dB, -30.1747 dB.
El concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo y su aplicabilidad a la actividad de los operadores de taxi en México
Authors: Hernández Romero Yasmín
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se busca determinar la aplicabilidad del concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo a la actividad que realizan los operadores de transporte público en la modalidad individual (taxi), un plano de la violencia en el transporte público que, en México, si bien es visibilizado cotidianamente en el ámbito mediático, ni la academia, ni las autoridades gubernamentales o la sociedad lo han considerado un asunto prioritario. Para su abordaje, se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo documental en torno al concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo y sus tipologías. Este concepto y el de trabajo constituyen los ejes para el análisis. Como corolario se advierte la  falta de reconocimiento legal de la actividad del taxista como un trabajo y, la necesidad de ampliar la definición de trabajo que presupone el concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo.
Desigualdad social, prestigio ocupacional, ingresos y educación. Propuesta para una escala uruguaya
Authors: Rey Fau Rafael , Boado Martínez Marcelo Raúl
Published: February 2021

En 2010, en el marco de le Encuesta de Movilidad Social y Trayectorias Educativas (EMOTE), se realizó un levantamiento de una encuesta de prestigio ocupacional. Se aplicó a una submuestra representativa de la encuesta, que ascendió a 427 casos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, de las ciudades de Maldonado, Montevideo y Salto (Uruguay). El interés sobre el trabajo era múltiple, pero partía de intentar medir si los entrevistados eran capaces  de ofrecer una opinión indicativa del prestigio de las ocupaciones y la desigualdad social. Con la muestra se evaluó un conjunto de 90 ocupaciones que representaban la mayoría de las ocupaciones presentes en la Encuesta Nacional Ampliada de Hogares (ENAH) de 2006. Se requirió a los entrevistados evaluar el prestigio de un conjunto de ocupaciones con un score entre 1 y 9, correspondiendo 1 a las al menor prestigio y 9 al máximo. A continuación se presenta su validación, y una aplicación.
School-related stressors in adolescents from 21 countries: What is universal?
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge
Published: February 2021

School stress is one of the most important stressors in adolescents around the world. This study tested the impact of region, age, gender, family structure, and school achievement on adolescents’ stress perception. In a cross-sectional design, 12.172 adolescents from 21 countries participated in the study. Adolescents from Central European and North American countries had generally quite low levels of school stress. Adolescents from Southern Europe exhibited the highest stress levels, but also adolescents from Latin America, the Middle East and Asian countries reported quite high levels of school-related stress. Rank 1 in many countries was the pressure to get the best marks. Additionally, the fear that differences in opinion with the teacher may result in bad marks and that the leaning material is too difficult or too boring were also important stressors, whereas rivalries among pupils seemed not to be a major problem. Adolescents from single-parent families experienced higher school-related stress than adolescents from two-parent families. The findings were discussed with respect to overall globalization and future insecurities, leading to universal stressors of adolescents in different parts of the world.
Spitz was right. A Moroccan validation of the Alarm Distress Baby (ADBB) scale A comparison of social withdrawal behaviour levels between infants raised in children’s home and infants raised by their own families and a validation of René Spitz’s hypothesis on the causes of ‘hospitalism’ and ‘anaclitic depression’
Authors: Chkirate Meriem , Ahami Ahmed , Mammad Khaoula , Chtabou Ghizlane , Alaoui Asmaa , Guedeney Antoine
Published: February 2021

Social withdrawal behaviour in infants is a key indicator of child distress and a risk factor for later pathologies. The present study provides results from a Moroccan study of the ADBB scale applied to two populations that were very different in terms of early separation experiences: babies living in a children’s home (n=46) and babies raised by their families (n=56). These 102 infants were assessed using the ADBB scale during routine paediatric check-ups between the ages of 2 and 18 months. Social withdrawal behaviour was significantly more marked among infants raised in a children’s home than among infants raised by their family, and more so among boys than among girls. This study comprising a control group confirmed the validity of Spitz’s description, which placed social withdrawal at the centre of anaclitic depression and of the causes of hospitalism, and attributed this withdrawal to the infants’ early and prolonged separation from their caregivers. The use of the scale stay therefore be recommended for systematic detection during routine paediatric check-ups or for the follow-up of children at risk, to enable appropriate early interventions to take place.
Wieloaspektowa rola glukozy i jej metabolizmu w regulacji parametrów fizjologicznych i potencjału reprodukcyjnego komórek na podstawie badań z użyciem drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Maślanka Roman , Zadrąg-Tęcza Renata
Published: February 2021

Glukoza jest nie tylko podstawowym źródłem energii, ale także związkiemodgrywającym istotną rolę w metabolizmie i utrzymaniu prawidłowego stanu fizjologicznegokomórki. Jest to szczególnie widoczne w przypadku drożdży, u których wpływ glukozy na stanfizjologiczny komórki ma bezpośredni charakter objawiający się m.in. uzyskiwaniem energiina drodze fermentacji bądź oddychania tlenowego w zależności od dostępności glukozyw środowisku. Zależna od glukozy modulacja wewnątrzkomórkowych szlakówmetabolicznych rzutuje na potencjał reprodukcyjny i długość życia komórek, co ściśle wiążeglukozę z badaniami dotyczącymi restrykcji kalorycznej. Jednocześnie zauważalny jest brakdanych dotyczących sytuacji nadmiaru kalorii i jej konsekwencji na poziomie komórkowym.Wykorzystując jako model badawczy komórki drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae stwierdzonoistotną zależność między stężeniem glukozy, możliwościami biosyntetycznymi a potencjałemreprodukcyjnym i całkowitą długością życia komórek drożdży. Wysokie stężenia glukozyodpowiadające warunkom nadmiaru kalorii prowadzą w ich przypadku do zwiększeniapoziomu reaktywnych form tlenu, wzrostu wielkości i biomasy komórki, ale jednocześnie doobniżenia możliwości reprodukcyjnych i skrócenia całkowitej długości życia komórki.Zaobserwowany negatywny wpływ nadmiaru glukozy na parametry fizjologiczne komórki orazzłożoność i wzajemne powiązania wewnątrzkomórkowych szlaków metabolicznych sugerująpotrzebę dalszych analiz metabolizmu glukozy.
Conteúdo e forma de Georg Simmel: recursos de cinema para compreender o clássico
Authors: Marmanillo Pereira Jesus , Lima Araujo Larissa Aryane , Pereira Marques Ana Luísa
Published: February 2021

Neste estudo pretendemos discutir teorias e conceitos abordados por Georg Simmel baseados nos filmes “A onda” (2008) e “A outra história americana” (1999), de maneira a salientar uma abordagem de algumas imagens capturadas no decorrer de ambos. Pensamos na abordagem como um exercício prático e teórico de exposição do clássico, visando a transmissão das contribuições dele em situações em sala de aula. Assim, o trabalho busca a possibilidades para discutir e pensar os conceitos do autor e suas obras “As grandes cidades e a vida do espírito” (2005) e “Questões fundamentais de Sociologia: Individuo e sociedade” (2006). Pretendemos buscar estabelecer a relação entre o clássico e essa abordagem cinematográfica, partimos dos conceitos “forma e conteúdo” abordados pelo autor. A “forma” compreende-se como mútua determinação e interação dos elementos pelos quais se constrói uma unidade, favorecem a construção de representações e práticas comuns portadoras de significado. Já por conteúdo “compreende-se toda realidade histórica como impulso, interesse, finalidade, tendência, condicionamento psíquico e movimento nos indivíduos tudo o que está presente nele de modo a engendrar ou mediatizar os efeitos sobre os outros, ou a receber esses efeitos dos outros” (SIMMEL, 2006 p.60)
Características fonéticas, processos fonológicos e morfofonológicos nas oclusivas velares labializadas da língua Guarani
Authors: Ivo Ivana Pereira
Published: February 2021

A língua Guarani é falada no Brasil, em diferentes Estados, pelas parcialidades Nhandeva, Kaiowá, Nhandewa e Mbyá. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar características acústicas e articulatórias das oclusivas velares labializadas da língua Guarani, /kw/ e /gw/, considerando-se processos envolvendo esses sons, tanto no nível fonológico como também no nível morfológico, a partir de dados de fala obtidos junto a falantes das quatro parcialidades Guarani do Brasil. Após caracterização fonética dos sons, apresenta-se, ao final, a proposta de que os fonemas labializados /kw/ e /gw/ encaixam-se no jogo de oposições sistemáticas da língua Guarani, em seu nível fonológico: /kw/ pertence à classe natural das obstruintes [-estridentes] e /gw/, à classe das soantes [-contínuas] e os processos que as envolvem demonstram que a harmonia nasal é operante e é coerente nos processos fonológicos e também nos processos morfofonológicos, tendo como objetivo final manter a oposição funcional do sistema que se dá entre obstruintes e soantes.
A Study of the Genetic Relation between Mawayana and Wapishana (Arawakan Family)
Authors: Meira Sérgio
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a first approach at the genetic relation between two Arawakan languages, Mawayana and Wapishana, which have been claimed to form a subgroup in all recent classifications of the family. On the basis of 149 proposed cognate sets, based on data from the available literature and field research on both languages, correspondences are set up and reconstructed proto-phonemes are proposed for the proto-language of what is here called the Pidjanan sub-branch of the Negro-Roraima branch of Arawakan. In conclusion, a description of the historical phonology and of selected aspects of the historical morphology of these languages is offered.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 8 października 2019 r., sygn. II FSK 872/19
Authors: Gutowski Maciej
Published: February 2021

Glosa zawiera argumentację negującą stanowisko Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego sformułowane na gruncie wyroku z dnia 8 października 2019 r., sygn. II FSK 872/19, w przedmiocie pozorności czynności prawnych oraz skutków podatkowych wynikających z zawartej przez strony umowy. NSA, odwołując się do monistycznej koncepcji pozorności czynności prawnej, uznał, że w rozpatrywanym stanie faktycznym zaistniała pozorność czynności prawnej, a tym samym strony nie zawarły umowy darowizny, lecz dokonały złożonej czynności prawnej o odpłatnym charakterze, wiążącej się z powstaniem obowiązku podatkowego w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych. W ocenie autora istota argumentacji NSA w glosowanym orzeczeniu, dotycząca podatkowych skutków wynikających z zawartej w maju 2012 r. umowy, w istocie zmierza do zastosowania konstrukcji o cywilistycznym rodowodzie dla wykreowania efektu, który stał się możliwy dopiero po wprowadzeniu do polskiego systemu prawnego klauzuli obejścia prawa podatkowego.
Using Pathway Modeling to Evaluation and Improve Student-Centered Teaching Practices in Co-Taught College Science Courses
Authors: Chen Xinnian , Redden John , Bobrownicki Aiyana , Gill Julia , Graham Mark
Published: February 2021

Student-centered teaching practices such as active learning continue to gain momentum in college science education. Many instructors committed to these innovative practices transform their classroom beyond the standard lecture. Nevertheless, widespread implementation of these practices is limited because the learning benefits for students are often attained through increased instructional complexity to which many instructors cannot commit. When co-instructors are teaching the course, the level of commitment to building a student-centered classroom may be even more profound. For these reasons, new tools are needed to help instructors and co-instructors plan, organize, evaluate, and communicate their classroom innovations. Pathway modeling is a tool with potential to fill this gap. Unlike curriculum mapping -- which identifies academic content gaps, redundancies, and misalignments by examining a series of courses within a plan of study – course pathway modeling creates a visual map of a single course and reveals how teaching practices influence short-, mid-, and long-term student learning outcomes. This essay demonstrates how course pathway modeling can help co-instructors better represent the complexity of student-centered teaching practices. We include guides for creating course pathway models and discuss how this approach offers the potential to improve curricular design, course evaluation, student assessment, and communication between co-instructors.
Seasonal changes dominate long term variability of the urban air microbiome across space and time.
Authors: Núñez Andrés , Moreno Diego A , García Ana M , Guantes Raul
Published: February 2021

Background Compared to soil or aquatic ecosystems, the atmosphere is still an underexplored environment for microbial diversity. Besides its ecological importance, the spatial and temporal characterization of aerosolized microorganisms is relevant for understanding allergy and disease outbreaks, especially in highly populated cities. Results In this study, we surveyed the composition, variability and sources of microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the near surface atmosphere of a highly populated area, spanning ~ 4,000 Km 2 around the city center of Madrid (Spain), in different seasonal periods along two years. We found a core of abundant bacterial genera robust across space and time, most of soil origin, while fungi were more sensitive to environmental conditions. Microbial communities showed clear seasonal patterns driven by variability of environmental factors, mainly temperature and accumulated rain, while local sources played a minor role. We also identified taxa in both kingdoms characteristic of seasonal periods, but not of specific sampling sites or plant coverage. Conclusions The present study suggests that the near surface atmosphere of urban environments constitutes a stable ecosystem, with a relatively homogenous composition, modulated by climatic variations. As such, it contributes to our understanding of the long-term changes associated to the human exposome in the air of highly populated areas.
A Propose of Effective Model For Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery With Quadruple Serum Biomarkers of Aneuploidy Screening.
Authors: Wuttisantikul Kritchaya , Pranpanus Savitree , Kor-anantakul Ounjai , Suntharasaj Thitima , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Pruksanusak Ninlapa , Petpichetchian Chusana , Suksai Manaphat , Chainarong Natthicha , Sawaddisan Rapphon
Published: February 2021

Background:Spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) is one of the most common global problems causing perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, there is no effective universal screening method for predicting sPTD. Therefore, we want to evaluate the extra benefit of quadruple maternal serum biomarkers for Down syndrome (DS) screening to predict sPTD. Moreover, to propose an effective model to predict sPTD.Results: From total of 2,822 pregnancies who underwent DS screening, 2604 (92.3%) were included in the study. There were 183 (7.02%) pregnant women had randomly measure cervical length. sPTD occurred in 221 (8.5%) of participants, 32 (14.5%) had early sPTD (<34 weeks gestation) and 189 (85.5%) had late sPTD (delivery between 34-36+6 weeks). The median MoM of AFP was significantly higher in women with early sPTD (1.2 VS 1.0, p =0.04), but uE3 had tendency to be lower than the women with term delivery. The most effective model to predict sPTD was the combination of serum AFP level > 1.2 MoM, uE3 level < 0.9 MoM, cervical length <35 mm. and had history of previous preterm delivery which has an AUC of 0.86.Conclusions:An abnormal increase of AFP or decrease of uE3 in quadruple Down syndrome screening showed a predictive ability to predict sPTD with no extra cost. The most effective model to predict sPTD is adding serum quadruple biomarkers with maternal characteristics and cervical length measurement gives a high predictive ability for sPTD.
An Exploratory Study on COVID-19 and the Rights of Children Based on Keyword Network Analysis
Authors: Lee Seoyeon
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 has become a worldwide health crisis. Around March 2020, the entire country was shut down, including schools. This resulted in significant changes in the lives of children. In this study, the researcher conducted a keyword network analysis utilizing Ucinet ver 6.716 and NetDraw ver 2.173, after gathering the data using Textom in order to examine the current status of the rights of children in a COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study were that the degree centrality was higher with poverty, educational institutions, parents, teachers, income support, child care, child-rearing, caring, online classes, and child welfare, etc. Therefore, it can be said that there is an urgent need for the implementation of the respect of the rights of children all over the world in this COVID-19 pandemic.
Influence of Weight Bias and Associated Factors on Perceptions of Plus Size Models
Authors: Miller Julia Caroline Porter , Carels Robert A.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The fashion industry has recently begun to utilize plus size models. The aim of this study was to explore whether these models would be viewed more critically in comparison to thin models or subjected to weight bias and associated factors. Methods: University students (N = 330, Mage= 18.62, SDage = 1.33) viewed images of thin and plus size models and rated each image. They then filled out measures assessing weight bias (measured through the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire), sociocultural attitudes regarding athletic and thin body types, and body appreciation. Results: Plus size models were rated more critically than thin models (p < 0.01). Thin and plus size model ratings were also highly correlated (p < 0.01), but weight bias was still predictive of plus model ratings within a regression model that included thin model ratings (p < 0.01). Further, mediational analyses found that weight bias partially mediated the relationship between thin and plus size model ratings. Males were more likely to rate both model types more critically (p < 0.01), but weight bias was found to partially mediate the relationship between male ratings of plus-sized models (p < .001). Conclusions: Despite the recent steps to include more body diversity among the fashion industry, plus size models still appear to be subjected to weight bias, especially among males. Level of Evidence: Level III, case–control analytic study.
A Cost-Effective Method for Rapid Manufacturing a Precision Mold With Microstructures Using Hybrid Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Kuo Chil-Chyuan , Lin Bo-Han , Luo Zheng-Ting
Published: February 2021

Injection molding is a cost-effective to manufacture molded products by injection molding machine. A precision part with microstructures can be fabricated effectively through a precision mold. In this study, a cost-effective method for rapid manufacturing a precision component and a precision injection mold with microstructures by integrating additive manufacturing, rapid tooling, and computer numerical control milling. It was found that of the dimensional accuracy of a precision component in the length, width, and height can be controlled at approximately 30 µm. Injection molding was performed using an injection mold with microstructures with a microstructure of 950 µm and the dimensional accuracy of a molded part in the length, width, and microstructure can be controlled at approximately 60 µm, 50 µm, and 10 µm, respectively. The remarkable findings of this study can be used for the fabrication of molds or dies efficiently and economically for trial production in the mold industry since the quality of the precision component and the precision mold can meet the standards of the general industry.
Mechanism of E Lian Granule Reversing Chronic Atrophic Gastritis With Intestinal Metaplasia Based on Integrated Pharmacology and GEO Gene Chip
Authors: Gu Sizhen , Xue Yan , Xue Shigui , Tang Yini , Hu Zhehao , Wu Huan , Cai Gan , Dou Danbo
Published: February 2021

Background: This study aimed to explore the main components and targets of E-Lian granule through which it reversed chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, based on the traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Pharmacology Network Computing Research Platform V2.0 (TCMIP V2.0) combined with GEO gene chips. It also aimed to construct various networks to predict and analyze the mechanism of E-Lian granule in treating gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: The effective traditional Chinese medicine components and targets of E-Lian granule prescription were obtained using TCMIP V2.0. The disease targets were collected using the TCMIP V2.0 platform and the verified gene chips in the GEO database, and the “drug components–targets” network, “compound–targets protein interaction network,” and “core compound targets–pathways network” were constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.1. The reliability of the predicted components and targets was verified using Pymol 1.7.2.1 and Autodock Vina 1.1.2 reverse molecular docking. Results: A total of 262 unique active components and 680 potential active targets of E-Lian granule were obtained. Moreover, 2247 unique disease targets of chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia were obtained by searching the “Disease/Symptom Target Database” combined with the GEO chip (GSE78523) and GeneCard database. Further, 178 complex targets and 38 complex core targets were obtained using Venn and Filter, respectively, such as ALB, TNF, PTGS2, RHOA, ESR1, HRAS, JUN, FOS, CASP3 and so forth. The GO and KEGG nrichment analyses showed that E-Lian granule reversed gastric precancerous lesions not only through the direct intervention of the cancer pathway, gastric cancer pathway, and epithelial signal transduction in Helicobacter pylori infection but also through PI3K/AKT, VEGF, MAPK, cAMP, cGMP, Th1/Th2,and other pathways. It also had a significant correlation with cholinergic, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopaminergic, and other gastrointestinal hormone-related signals. Finally, the core target verified in the GSE78523 chip was successfully used to dock with the active components of E-Lian granules. The reliability of the prediction was also verified. Conclusions: The components and molecular mechanism of E-Lian granule in reversing chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia were predicted by integrated pharmacology, GEO chip, and reverse molecular docking, providing an important theoretical basis for further study of the effective substances and mechanism of E-Lian granule in treating chronic atrophic gastritis.
Correlation of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Behçet’s Disease With Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)
Authors: Shadmanfar Soraya , Masoumi Maryam , Davatchi Fereydoun , Shahram Farhad , Akhlaghi Maassoumeh , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Kavosi Hoda , Pars'ayi Amirhosein , Moradi Soroush , Balasi Javad , Moqaddam Zeynab Rastgar
Published: February 2021

BackgroundBehçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic disorder that involves multiple organs and is pathologically considered as a form of vasculitis. The current study aims to assess the metric properties of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in assessing BD disease activity.MethodsThree-hundred-nineteen patients with BD were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and epidemiological data, including IBDDAM, time since the onset, and medication and manifestation history was recorded. Complete blood counts (CBC), NLR, and PLR were assessed by analyzing blood samples. On the last visit, patients were assessed for active manifestations of disease. IBDDAM and ocular IBDAAM scores were calculated for activity of disease in each patient.ResultsBoth PLR and NLR were higher in patients with active BD (Man-Whitney U test, P-value<0.05). Patients with active ocular manifestation had significantly higher NLR and PLR (Man-Whitney U test, P-value<0.05). These ratios, however, were not associated with other active BD manifestations. A value of NLR >2.58 had 46% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the diagnosis of active ocular manifestations (AUC: 0.690). NLR had a significant though weak positive correlation with IBDDAM (Spearman’s rho = 0.162; p-value <0.05) and ocular IBDDAM (Spearman’s rho = 0.159; p-value < 0.05). ConclusionActive Behçet’s presented with higher NLR and PLR ratios; however, there was only a modest correlation between NLR and BD activity (IBDDAM score). Also NLR and PLR have significant relationship with ocular features of BD patients.
Androgen Receptor(AR) and Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) Affect Cell Growth and Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through EGFR/PI3K/AKT Axis.
Authors: Keyan Zhu , Xiaojuan Li , Zhaosen Gu , Ming Yan , Maofeng Guo , Xuemei Wang , Yanchun Wang , Shuling Wang
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims: Androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling and their interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore the cross communication between AR, ERα and EGFR signaling pathway, we used RNA silencing technology and sex hormones intervention in NSCLC cell line. Methods: Model system was the well-characterized A549 adenocarcinoma NSCLC cells which can express AR and ERs well. We used different concentrations of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) intervention cells and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specifically targeting AR, ERα in A549 cells, then examined the expression of AR, ERα and EGFR/PI3K/AKT axis, followed by detection of cells proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Results: After knocked down the expression of AR, ERα, the EGFR/PI3K/AKT axis was inhibited, and the proliferation decreased, apoptosis increased, migration and invasion decreased in A549 cells. 50µM T and 50µM E2 intervention inhibited AR, ERα and EGFR/PI3K/AKT axis expression, and the proliferation decreased, apoptosis increased, migration and invasion decreased in A549 cells. 10µM T, 10µM E2 and 100µM T, 100µM E2 intervention promoted the expression of AR, ERα and EGFR/PI3K/AKT axis, which enhanced the activity and migration invasiveness of A549 cells. Conclusions: These data provide a rationale for further investigation of the antitumor activity of clinical sex hormones therapy and the development of anticancer drugs targeting sex hormone receptors in the clinic. Future .
The Gut Microbiome Was Associated With Brain Structure and Function in Schizophrenia
Authors: Li Shijia , Song Jie , Ke Pengfei , Kong Lingyin , Lei Bingye , Zhou Jing , Huang Yuanyuan , Li Hehua , Li Guixiang , Chen Jun , Li Xiaobo , Xiang Zhiming , Ning Yuping , Wu Fengchun , Wu Kai
Published: February 2021

The effects of the gut microbiome on the central nervous system and its possible role in mental disorders have received increasing attention. However, our knowledge about the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain structure and function is still very limited. Here, we leveraged 16S rRNA sequencing with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional (rs-fMRI) to investigate differences in fecal microbiota between 38 patients with schizophrenia (SZs) and 38 demographically matched normal controls (NCs) and explored whether such differences were associated with brain structure and function. At the genus level, we found that the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia was significantly lower, whereas the abundance of Veillonella was increased in SZs compared to NCs. Additionally, the MRI results revealed that several brain regions showed lower gray matter volume (GMV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), but increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in SZs than in NCs. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations between microbial shifts and brain structure and function. Alpha diversity of gut microbiota showed a strong linear relationship with GMV and ReHo. Moreover, we found that lower ReHo indexes in the right STC (r = -0.35, p = 0.031, FDR corrected p = 0.039), the left cuneus (r = -0.33, p = 0.044, FDR corrected p = 0.053) and the right MTC (r = -0.34, p = 0.03, FDR corrected p = 0.052) were negatively correlated with a lower abundance of the genus Roseburia. This study suggests that the potential role of the gut microbiome in schizophrenia (SZ) is related to the alteration of brain structure and function, suggesting a new direction for studying the pathology of SZ.
Are Health Facilities Providing Quality Care for Newborn and Young Infants in Pakistan?: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Sumera Aziz , Pradhan Nousheen Akber , Roujani Sana , Ali Ammarah , Hussain Syed Shujaat , Abbasi Zahid , Rizwan Samia , Ariff Shabina , Saleem Sarah , Siddiqi Sameen
Published: February 2021

IntroductionPakistan is considered to be the riskiest place for newborns due to its highest neonatal mortality rate. Securing pregnancy and delivery care may not bring a substantial reduction in neonatal mortality, unless coupled with the provision of essential newborn and inpatient care for sick newborns and young infants (NYIs). We undertook this study to assess the availability and quality of newborn care services provided, and the readiness of inpatient care for NYIs in Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study across Pakistan from February to June 2019 in 23 public sector health care facilities providing inpatient care for sick NYIs. We interviewed facility managers and health care providers by using structured questionnaires. We observed facility infrastructure and relevant metrics related to the quality of inpatient care such as types of infant care units and essential equipment, staffing cadre and facility management practices, quality assurance activities, essential services for NYI care, discharge planning and support, quality of NYIs care record, and health information system.ResultsOf the 23 facilities assessed, 83% had special care units for the sick NYIs, 70% had newborn intensive care units (NICUs), and 39% had Kangaroo Mother Care Units (KMCs). Almost 100% of the facilities had pediatricians, 13% had neonatologists, and 9% had neonatal surgeons. Around 61% and 13% of the facilities had staff trained in neonatal resuscitation and parental counselling, respectively. About 35% of the facilities monitored nosocomial infection rates, 39% were baby-friendly hospitals, and 26% were accredited. Essential services to diagnose congenital birth defects were offered in only 4% of facilities. Only 39% of facilities had received external supervision for NYI care and 17% reported organizing management team meetings preceding the survey.ConclusionThe study has demonstrated important gaps in the quality of newborn care in inpatient settings in the country. This includes dearth of KMCs, inadequate human resources, untrained staff, insufficient facility management practices, lack of inter-disciplinary meetings, and poor maintenance of records for critical newborn outcome indicators leading to compromised quality of care. To avert neonatal mortality in the country, provincial and district governments have to take action in improving inpatient care.
A Mutation in CsHY2 Encoding a Phytochromobilin (PΦB) Synthase Leads to an Elongated Hypocotyl 1(elh1) Phenotype in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Hu Liangliang , Liu Peng , Jin Zhuoshuai , Sun Jing , Weng Yiqun , Chen Peng , Du Shengli , Wei Aimin , Li Yuhong
Published: February 2021

Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant in establishing high quality seedlings for successful cucumber production, but knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth in cucumber is very limited. Here we reported identification and characterization of a cucumber elongated hypocotyl 1 (elh1) mutant. We found that the longer hypocotyl in elh1 was due to longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. With fine mapping, the elh1 locus was delimited to a 20.9-kb region containing three annotated genes; only one polymorphism was identified in this region between two parental lines, which was a non-synonymous SNP (G28153633A) in the third exon of CsHY2 (CsGy1G030000) that encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase. Uniqueness of the mutant allele at CsHY2 was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Ectopic expression of CsHY2 in Arabidopsis hy2-1 mutant led to reduced hypocotyl length. The PΦB protein was targeted to chloroplasts. The expression levels of CsHY2 and five phytochrome genes, CsPHYA1, CsPHYA2, CsPHYB, CsPHYC and CsPHYE were all significantly down-regulated while several cell elongation related genes were up-regulated in elh1 mutant compared to wild type cucumber, which are correlated with dynamic hypocotyl elongation in the mutant. RNA-seq analysis in the WT and mutant revealed differentially expressed genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolisms, cell elongation, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This is the first report to characterize and clone the CsHY2 gene in cucumber. This work reveals the important of CsHY2 in regulating hypocotyl length and extends our understanding of the roles of CsHY2 in cucumber.
Cordycepin Improved Neuronal Synaptic Plasticity Through CREB-Induced NGF Up-Regulation Driven By Microglial M2 Polarization: A Symphony Communication Between Microglia and Neurons in AD
Authors: Jiao Linchi , Liu Mingyan , Zhong Xin , Yao Weifan , Ma Guowei , Shen Jiajia , Wu Yuqiang , Du Ke , Liu Junxiu , Tong Junhui , Liu Chao , Fu Jia , Yu Zhihua , Wei Minjie
Published: February 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of Cordycepin (CCS) on improving the neuro-immune microenvironment of AD neurons by mediating microglial M2 polarization. Methods: We investigated microglial M2 polarization from M1, neuronal senescence, and synaptic plasticity by biological techniques such as animal behavior, cell biology, morphology, and bioinformatics. Results: CCS improved learning and memory impairment in 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice. CCS induced the microglial M2 polarization, up-regulated the expression and secretion level of NGF, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis, senescence, and synaptic damage caused by abnormal microglial activation in vivo and in vitro. CREB was activated by the M2 polarization and mediated the NGF expression and secretion after CCS treatment. CREB bound with the Sg3 promoter region of NGF (-1018~-1011), which increased NGF expression and secretion. CREB-induced NGF upregulation driven by microglial M2 polarization to improve the neuronal synaptic plasticity inhibits neuronal apoptosis and senescence. As a novel participant in the intercellular communication between MG and neurons, NGF contributed to the neuroprotective efficacy of CCS treatment. Conclusions: CCS improved the neuronal synaptic plasticity and senescence by promoting microglial M2 activation driven by CERB-induced NGF upregulation and conducted the symphony communication of MG-Neuron in AD.
Flexible and Environment-friendly Regenerated Cellulose/MoS2 Nanosheet Nanogenerators with high Piezoelectricity and Output Performance
Authors: Chen Siling , Li Jilong , Song Yiheng , Yang Quanling , Shi Zhuqun , Xiong Chuanxi
Published: February 2021

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting are getting more and more attention nowadays by converting the mechanical energy to electric energy. Here, an environment-friendly piezoelectric nanogenerator based on the regenerated cellulose (RC)/MoS2 nanosheet nanocomposite successfully exhibited a relative high output voltage of 2 V and current of 150 nA under slight press which were 5 and 7.5 times higher than those of the neat RC film, i.e. 0.4 V and 20 nA, respectively. In particular, the MoS2 nanosheets were obtained through a simple, facile and low-cost pathway by mechanical exfoliation in triethanolamine. The nanocomposite film with MoS2 nanosheet content of 4% exhibited a high piezoelectric constant (d33) of 19 pC/N, which was 6.3 times higher than that of the neat RC film (i.e. 3 pC/N). Thus, the RC/MoS2 piezoelectric nanogenerator has great potential applications in the fields of energy harvester, sensors and is of great significance to environment protection.
Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Powder by Non-Thermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas
Authors: Matouk Zineb , Rincón Rocío , Torriss Badr , Mirzaei Amir , Margot Joëlle , Chaker Mohamed
Published: February 2021

Despite promising characteristics such as the biodegradability and the environmentally-benign nature of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) based composites, their poor dispersion and agglomeration in thermoplastic matrix during the melting process is a “bottleneck” in the development of these composites. In this work, a cylindrical atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (AP-DBD) was employed to functionalize CNCs to reduce their surface hydrophilicity and improve their dispersion in polar organic solvents. Three different gas mixtures were used for plasma treatment, argon/methane, argon/silane and an argon/methane followed by argon/silane. In all cases, the plasma treatment was conducted below 90°C as determined from optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of both raw and plasma treated CNC powders confirms that the CNC crystallographic properties remain unchanged after plasma treatment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveal the presence of hydrophobic C-Hx moieties on the CNC granular surface after argon/methane plasma treatment whereas SiHx, Si-O-Si, SiC bonds were formed after argon/silane plasma treatment. Under these experimental conditions, water wettability tests reveal some significant water repellency of the naturally hydrophilic cellulosic raw material. Moreover, the formation the SiHx moieties in silane-treated CNCs clearly enhances the hydrophobicity of the CNC powder in contrast to the sole C-Hx moieties synthetized by argon/methane plasma. High-resolution SEM images indicate the presence of agglomerated granules with 5-10 µm diameters in size. The surface functionalities of CNC powder enhance its dispersibility in polar solvents. Overall, this study emphasizes that AP-DBDs are suitable to process thermo-sensitive CNCs.
Power Withstanding Capability and Transient Temperature of Carbon Nanotube-Based Nano Electrical Interconnects
Authors: Robert Femi
Published: February 2021

This paper exhibits the electrothermal modelling and evaluation of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) based electrical interconnects for electronic devices. The continuum model of the CNT is considered and the temperature across interconnect is predicted for the given power. Finite element modelling software COMSOL Multiphysics is used to carry out the simulations. The results are compared with Al and Cu interconnects. An electrothermal analysis is also carried out to obtain the temperature for the given power for Single-Walled CNT, Double-Walled CNT, Triple-Walled CNT, and Multi-Walled CNT. Results show that the CNT interconnects performs better when compared to Al and Cu interconnects. The power withstanding capability of CNT is 68.75 times more than Al and 32.35 times more than Cu. Based on the transient analysis, the time taken by the CNT interconnects to reach a steady temperature is obtained as 0.007 ns. On the application of power, Cu and Al interconnects takes 0.1 ns to reach the steady-state temperature. The nanostructured CNT based electrical interconnects would play a considerable role in replacing Cu and Al electrical interconnect applications for micro and nanoelectronic devices.
Association between Dietary Patterns and Glycemic Control in a Middle-aged Chinese Population
Authors: Shen Xiao-Ming , Shu Long , Huang Yi-Qian , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Zheng Pei-Fen , Zhu Qin
Published: February 2021

Background: Despite decades of research, data on the relationship between dietary patterns and glycemic control(hemoglobin(Hb)A1c<7%) in China are sparse. The objective of this study was to ascertain the association between different dietary patterns and glycemic control in a large group of Chinese adults aged between 45 and 59 years.Methods: A total of 1739 subjects aged 45-59 years from Hangzhou were included in the analysis. Information on dietary intake was collected by well-trained interviewers using a validated food frequency questionnaire(FFQ). Factor analysis with principal component method was applied to ascertain the main dietary patterns, and the associations between dietary patterns and glycemic control were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c≥7.0.Results:Three dietary patterns were ascertained and labeled as traditional southern Chinese, Western, and grains-vegetables patterns. After controlling of the possible confounders, participants in the highest quartile of Western pattern scores had greater odds ratio(OR) for HbA1c≥7.0(OR=1.05; 95% confidence interval(CI):1.000-1.095; P=0.048) than did those in the lowest quartile. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of grains-vegetables pattern, participants in the highest quartile had lower OR for HbA1c≥7.0(OR=0.82; 95% CI:0.720-0.949; P=0.038). Besides, no significant relationship between the traditional southern Chinese pattern and HbA1c≥7.0 was observed(P>0.05). Conclusions:This study indicated that the Western pattern was associated with a higher risk, and the grains-vegetables pattern was associated with a lower risk for HbA1c≥7.0. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Predictors of Pain Intensity and Functional Limitation After Conservative Treatment in Idiopathic Ulnar Impaction Syndrome: High Work-Related Exposure or Degenerative Complex TFCC Tear Inevitably Results in Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Ulnar Impaction Syndrome
Authors: Suh Dong Hun , Park Jong Woong , Choi In Cheol , Park Jung Ho , Kang Jong woo
Published: February 2021

Background: This study aimed to identify predictors of pain intensity and functional limitation after conservative treatment in idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS).Methods: One hundred seventy-seven patients with UIS who inevitably underwent ulnar shortening procedures because of considerable pain or functional limitation despite at least 6 months of conservative treatment were included. To identify the predictors of pain intensity and functional limitation after appropriate conservative treatment in UIS, pain intensity was estimated using the visual analog scale (VAS)score, while functional limitations of the wrists were evaluated by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (DASH; subjective functional limitation), wrist range of motion, and grip strength (objective functional limitation) just before surgery. We considered sex, age, dominance of the affected wrist, work-related exposure, length of ulnar variance, types of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) on the coronal, degree of ulnocarpal degeneration, presence of degenerative complex triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) tear, and presence of bony lesions (cyst or sclerosis or erosion of lunate or triquetrum or ulnar head) as possible predictors of pain intensity and functional limitations of the wrists. The relationship between pain intensity and functional limitation and the possible predictors were statistically analyzed using a linear regression test.Results: Only work-related exposure was positively correlated with pain intensity and subjective functional limitation. The degenerative complex TFCC tear was a common predictor of an objective functional limitation.Conclusions: Patients with unavoidable excessive wrist use and degenerative complex TFCC tears tended to have more significant pain intensity and functional limitations despite at least 6 months of conservative treatment. Early surgical treatment should be considered for these patients.