bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical evaluation of the spectral evolution of internal gravity waves due to wave-wave interactions
Authors: Pan Yulin , Wu Yue
Published: February 2023

The kinetic energy spectra of oceanic internal gravity waves (IGWs) from recent field measurements and wave turbulence theory exhibit large variability, deviating from the standard Garrett-Munk (GM) model. However, the current finescale parameterization of turbulent dissipation is based on the GM model, which does not consider general spectra. Thus an improved estimate of energy cascade across scales for different spectra is needed for better parameterization of ocean mixing for global circulation and climate models. In this work, we conduct direct calculation of energy transfer based on the kinetic equation, which describes the spectral evolution of IGWs due to wave-triad interactions. First, dominant mechanisms are identified, i.e., local and scale-separated interactions (including parametric subharmonic instability, elastic scattering and induced diffusion). Local interactions provide a forward cascade in frequency that were not understood before. Second, energy flux across a critical vertical wavenumber providing energy available for dissipation is calculated for different spectra. The importance of local interactions for such downscale cascade is emphasized. This will shed light on a new formulation of finescale parameterization incorporating varying spectral forms of IGWs and a realistic ocean environment.
Hillside Quarry Impacts on Streamflow and Stormflow response in a Tropical Watershed: A Geochemical and Hydrometric Investigation
Authors: Farrick Kegan , Mathura Nicola
Published: February 2023

Throughout the Caribbean, hillside quarrying has become a common practice. While these activities remove large sections of the critical soil zone, very little work has been done on how hillside quarrying impacts rainfall runoff response and catchment water storage. We hypothesised that the removal of the critical soil zone during hillside quarrying will increase the timing and magnitude of streamflow response to storm events due to its close proximity to the river, while also reducing the overall storage of the watershed. The aim of this study is to understand the landuse impacts on rainfall runoff response and catchment storage. A paired catchment study between the 3.6 km2 Acono (forested) and the adjacent 3.6 km2 Don Juan (quarried) watersheds in Trinidad and Tobago was conducted using a hydrometric and geochemical approach. Direct measurements of rainfall and streamflow and bi-weekly water sample collections for geochemistry and stable isotopes of 18O and 2H from rainfall, baseflow, soils, springs and groundwater were done. Fraction of young water (Fyw) an inverse transit time proxy was computed along with the mean transit time distributions (MTTDs) by sine wave fitting were used as important descriptors of runoff generation and the catchment storage. The quarried watershed had higher streamflow levels during the wet season than the forested watershed. However, during the dry season there is a reversal.. The quarried watershed responded faster to rainfall events with a lag time between 1–3 hours with a higher peak rate of streamflow versus a lag time of 2-4 hours in the forested watershed with a lower peak rate of flow. In the upper quarried watershed 18.4 % of the stream water were younger than 0.46 years and 20.3% were younger than 0.55 years in the lower portion of the catchment. In the upper forested catchment 5.2 % of the stream water was younger than 2.71 years whereas 4.7% of the stream water was younger than 3.04 years in the lower catchment. The data suggest that the quarry leads to the faster delivery of water during storm events while also reducing the overall storage in the catchment. With an anticipated increase in hillside quarrying, this study provides important information for land use and water resource managers.
Water Mass Fluxes and Budgets at Catchment-Scale over Europe in the Collaborative Research Cluster 'DETECT'
Authors: Gutknecht Benjamin D. , Springer Anne , Kusche Jürgen
Published: February 2023

Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) is a measure of the total amount of net-accumulated water in all continental storage compartments. The Global Climate Observing System programme (GCOS) has recently approved TWS Anomalies as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV). With GRACE and GRACE-FO we have the ability to look back on an observable that can be interpreted as monthly TWS change since the year 2002. In the continental water mass budget equation, this change balances the water fluxes from precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff. Within the framework of the new Collaborative Research Cluster 1502 'DETECT', we analyse terrestrial/atmospheric and surface water fluxes and associated budget contributions from model simulations, reanalyses and remote sensing observations for all larger river basins in Europe and combine them with catchment-integrating TWS variability. While, as a first step, we are updating previous budget analyses with latest available data sets, the project's central objective is to quantify to what extent regional changes of land and water use contribute to observed budget changes.In this presentation, we introduce our central objectives and show first results of the latest continuation of catchment-wide water mass flux time-series analysis over Europe. We discuss our budgeting strategies as well as opportunities and hurdles concerning data availability and uncertainties --- also in view of the recently launched SWOT mission and future GRACE successors.
Deep learning based XCO2 global map generation using satellite observations
Authors: Choi Yeji , Kim Eunbin
Published: February 2023

Greenhouse (GHG) gases are the primary driver of climate change. There are two approaches to measuring GHG emissions: bottom-up and top-down. Bottom-up measurement involves collecting data based on local emissions and modeling individual sources and sinks of carbon. This is useful for understanding the specific drivers of GHG emissions; however, there is a time lag for collecting data from each source, and good national statistics are required. Meanwhile, top-down measurement involves estimating GHG emissions based on atmospheric measurements and modeling. In general, the bottom-up approach is considered to be more accurate than the top-down approach, but the top-down approach is helpful for providing broad-scale estimates of GHG emissions, and it allows for spatial mapping on a global scale.In this study, we use OCO-2 satellite products to generate a XCO2 global map using a deep-learning-based technique. Although OCO-2 measurement provides the CO2 concentrations with the highest spatial resolution on a global scale, there are limitations to the FOV coverage and the low temporal resolution of the low-earth orbit satellite. To solve this problem, we use additional satellite products, which can be a precursor to CO2, and we applied TabNet which is firstly introduced at the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 2020. TabNet is an attention-based network that uses a self-attention mechanism. The preliminary results showed that the XCO2 global map for every half of the month could be provided using integrated satellite observations. The validation results will be discussed in the presentation.
The dynamics of fluidisation during mud volcano eruptions
Authors: Kearney Luke , MacMinn Christopher , Katz Richard , Cartwright Joe
Published: February 2023

Mud volcanoes erupt sediment sourced from subsurface, consolidated mudstones via a conductive flow pathway (conduit). A 3-D seismic survey of mud volcanoes in the Eastern Mediterranean shows localised thinning of the source unit in zones at the base of each conduit, interpreted to result from mud depletion [1]. These depletion zones are typically bowl-shaped, suggesting that they grow radially outward from the base of the conduit. Fluidisation, whereby consolidated sediments can be mobilised by migrating pore fluids of a sufficient velocity, has previously been proposed as a mechanism to explain mud volcano formation [2,3]. However, the dynamics of fluidisation during eruptions are poorly understood due to limited subsurface observations. We hypothesise that the sudden opening of the conduit initiates rapid fluid expulsion, inducing porous flow through and fluidisation of the source rock. This is in contrast to previous modelling work, which attributes the flow of mud to plastic failure [4]. We present a novel theoretical model of flow-driven fluidisation, capturing the dynamic interface between the solid and fluidised regions. The solid region is modelled as a poroelastic material and the fluidised region is modelled as a viscous fluid. Our results indicate that fluidisation initiates at the conduit and spreads radially. We demonstrate that fluidisation amplifies the rate of fluid flow and vice versa, leading to nonlinear growth of the fluidised region. We explore the mechanisms that regulate this growth to produce a depletion zone with a characteristic size.[1] Kirkham, Chris, et al. "The spatial, temporal and volumetric analysis of a large mud volcano province within the Eastern Mediterranean." Marine and Petroleum Geology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.12.026[2] Brown, Kevin M. "The nature and hydrogeologic significance of mud diapirs and diatremes for accretionary systems." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p08969[3] Nermoen, Anders, et al. "Experimental and analytic modeling of piercement structures." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007583[4] Mazzini, Adriano, et al. "Strike-slip faulting as a trigger mechanism for overpressure release through piercement structures. Implications for the Lusi mud volcano, Indonesia." Marine and Petroleum Geology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.
Tropical Atlantic forcing of increased ENSO variability since the 1970’s
Authors: Keenlyside Noel , Ding Hui , Martín del Rey Marta , Polo Irene , Rodriguez-Fonseca Belen , Kucharski Fred , Chiu Ping-Gin
Published: February 2023

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) underwent a major shift in in the 1970’s, becoming stronger and more predictable. This shift has been attributed to changes in the tropical Pacific mean state. However, around the 1970’s, tropical Atlantic – Pacific variability became coupled, with Atlantic SST leading opposite signed changes in the Pacific by around 6-months. Here we assess the role of the Atlantic in driving the ENSO regime shift using pacemaker experiments with two climate models: ECHAM5/MPIOM and SPEEDY/RGO. In these experiments, model SST is restored to observations in the tropical Atlantic, while elsewhere the models are fully coupled. Both models capture the observed changes in inter-basin interactions and strengthening on ENSO variability after the 1970’s. The warming of the equatorial and south Atlantic and southward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone causes inter-basin interactions to become active after the 1970’s in the models. In ECHAM5/MPIOM, this leads to Atlantic Niño variability driving increased ENSO activity. In SPEEDY/RGO, the increase in ENSO activity appears more related to induced mean state changes in the Pacific. In addition, experiments with two different versions of the Norwegian Earth System Model and two nudging approaches (anomaly and full field SST) have been performed as part of the CLIVAR RF Tropical Basin Interactions. Initial analysis reveals are rather muted impact of the tropical Atlantic on ENSO. Further analysis is being performed and results will also be presented.
Solar wind originating from the small coronal holes
Authors: Magdalenic Jasmina , Valliappan Senthamizh Pavai , Rodriguez Luciano
Published: February 2023

Observations of the solar wind at the close to the Sun distances by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) show most of the time very strongly variable solar wind plasma characteristics. Inspecting the PSP observations during first ten perihelion, together with this large variability, we have also found a significant number of intervals of enhanced solar wind velocity appearing simultaneously with the decrease of the solar wind density, which indicates that this solar wind is originating from the coronal holes. However, out of thirty such intervals only few of them show velocity above 500 km/s. Majority of the identified wind flows have velocity of only about 400 km/s indicating that this solar wind will not be clearly distinguished as a flow when observed at 1 au distances. Employing the magnetic connectivity tool (developed by ESA’s MADAWG group) to associate the solar wind observed by the PSP with their source regions on the Sun, we identified the sources of that enhanced solar wind observed by the PSP to be the small coronal holes.In this study we present the characteristics of a solar wind flows originating from such small coronal holes at close to the Sun distances and compare them with the characteristics of the fast solar wind originating from the large coronal holes. We also discuss on the possible reasons why we do not find more intervals of the fast solar wind in the PSP observations and compare the characteristics of solar wind observed at close to the Sun distances and at 1 au.
Investigation of factors leading to extreme floods by space-time simulation of rainfall and runoff
Authors: Haberlandt Uwe , Thiele Luisa-Bianca , Sharma Ashish
Published: February 2023

Extreme floods are caused by special meteorological conditions matching critical space-time scales of flood generation processes in a catchment. Fortunately for most of the floods these conditions are not meet. However, it is hypothesized that for many events reasonable changes on the flood producing storms would lead to exceptional floods. In order to investigate which factors are most relevant for the maximisation potential of floods a simulation study has been carried out. Event based conditional space-time simulation of short-time step rainfall is applied. So, mainly the space-time patterns and the rainfall intensities are modified conditioned on observed rainfall data. The space-time rainfall is generated by sequential Gaussian simulation with and without considering temporal correlation and advection. The intensities are modified considering the observed saturation deficit. Many space-time rainfall realisations are produced and used as input for a rainfall-runoff model with varying initial conditions. This case study uses data from the Mulde river catchment in Germany and applies the methodology to a set of selected large flood events. The results will reveal how extreme the floods could have become and how much increased rainfall intensities, pattern modification or initial catchment conditions contribute each to the total maximisation potential of the floods.
Timing of an Alpine water cycle unraveled by water isotopes and age-dating tracers (3H, 3He, 14C, CFCs, SF6 and 222Rn), Eastern Alps, Austria
Authors: Kralik Martin , Elster Daniel , Holzschuster Ramon , Stumpp Christine
Published: February 2023

Alpine regions are important as “water towers” in regional water supply of clean groundwaters due to their increased precipitation rates and their unspoiled environment. However, they are often characterised by complex geology structures, covered by down-sliding glacio-fluvial sediments. Groundwater recharge conditions and mean transit times (MTTs) are fundamental components of mountain watershed hydrological systems. Here, we used measurements of stable water isotopes of precipitation, pore water, surface and groundwater. In addition, measurements of environmental age tracers (222Rn, CFCs, 3H, 3He, 4He and 14C) were performed to investigate groundwater MTTs from springs in glacio-limnic sediments (<20 m) and deeper wells (>20 m) located along a mountainous hillslope (1,400-800 m) within the Subersach watershed near Sibratsgfäll, Bregenzer Wald, Austria. The near surface spring waters contain 3H and CFCs in excess. The deeper artesian well samples contain 3H and CFCs, in addition to elevated terrigenic 4He and low 14C values, suggesting a mixture of waters characterised by residence times that are modern (<70 years) and pre-modern (>70 years). We show that binary-mixing MTT models with distinct young and old fractions are needed to explain the full suite of environmental tracers, further supporting the importance of groundwater mixing processes.The vertical unsaturated infiltration in silt/sand dominated glacio-lacustrine sediments were estimated by seasonal variation of 2H/18O-isotopes in pore-water to be 1-4 m/year approximately. Precipitation in the Flysch dominated area at higher altitudes is transported partly as mountain bloc recharge and ascends into the glacial sediments, indicated by temperatures 2-3° C higher than the mean surface temperature. The MTTs of the shallow groundwater (<20 m) estimated by a combination of isotopes 2H/18O, 3H/3He, 13C/14C and tracer gases (CFC, SF6) indicate ages between some months and 4 years. Radon measurements identify springs supplied by very young drainage or surface waters. Deeper (>20 m) artesian wells in the western part are dominated by MTT older than 70 years.The research project “Understanding of Extreme Climatological Impacts from Hydrogeological 4D Modelling” (EXTRIG) was funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
The Earth Data Portal for Finding and Exploring Research Content
Authors: Heß Robin , Albers Karen , Konopatzky Peter , Koppe Roland , Walter Andreas
Published: February 2023

Digitization and the Internet in particular have created new ways to find, re-use, and process scientific research data. Many scientists and research centers want to make their data available to the public and other researchers, but often the data is still not easy to find because it is distributed across different infrastructures. Rights of use and citability are sometimes unclear, and access to the data may have to be requested manually from the persons in charge.The Earth Data Portal aims to provide a single point of entry for discovery and re-use of scientific research data in compliance with the FAIR principles. The portal aggregates data of the earth and environment research area from various providers and improves its findability. We also encourage publishing with permanent identifiers so that data is citable according to good scientific practice. As part of the German Marine Research Alliance and the Helmholtz-funded DataHub project, leading German research centers are working on joint data management concepts, including the data portal.The portal offers a modern web interface with a full-text search, facets and explorative visualization tools. Seamless integration into the Observation to Analysis and Archives Framework (O2A) developed by the Alfred Wegener Institute also enables automated data flows from data collection to publication in the PANGAEA data repository and visibility in the portal. Current metadata on research missions and platforms also finds its way into the portal.Logged in users get access to a common workspace that enables data processing on a shared infrastructure. This includes access to a shared file system, a Linux shell and a JupyterHub. The common workspace is strongly integrated into the automated data flow and enables access to automatically ingested data.Another important part of the project is a comprehensive framework for data visualization, which brings user-customizable map viewers into the portal. Pre-curated viewers currently enable the visualization and exploration of data products from maritime research. The login feature also empowers users to create their own viewers including OGC services-based data products from different sources.In the development of the portal, we use state of the art web technologies to offer user-friendly and high-performance tools for scientists. Regular demonstrations, feedback loops and usability workshops ensure implementation with added value.
Modelling the Response of Riometers to Medium Energy Electron Precipitation
Authors: Ghaffari Reihaneh , Cully Christopher , Gillies Robert , Spanswick Emma , Marsh Daniel
Published: February 2023

Precipitating energetic particles can penetrate into the low-altitude ionosphere and alter the ionization rate. Enhanced ionization in the D-region caused by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) affects cosmic radio signal absorption in the ionosphere. This impact is monitored by a Canadian network of wide-beam passive radio receivers, or riometers, to study precipitation-induced variations in the D-region ionosphere remotely. In this study, we examine the relationship between the background ionospheric profiles and absorption during a precipitation event observed by one of the POES satellites in conjunction with the Gillam riometer station (56N, 95W). We use different chemistry models to model the D-region ionosphere and investigate the effect of changing the chemistry model in an absorption event. We compare modelled absorption with ground-based measurements to discuss possible reasons for any discrepancy.
Morphological exploration of Arctic rivers using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Crivellaro Marta , Bonanomi Riccardo , Ragno Niccolò , Tubino Marco , Zolezzi Guido , Vitti Alfonso
Published: February 2023

Climate change is already altering the hydrological regime of Arctic rivers. However, still little is known about fluvial morphological processes and trajectories in permafrost environments. In such iced floodplains, both hydrological and thermal regimes affect sediment transport and riverine morphological processes. Remote sensing represents a powerful approach to investigate fluvial systems in those isolated areas. Nevertheless, its application presents challenges linked to ice seasonality and the limited time window of the morphological activity, alongside the complex permafrost/river spatial patterns and related spectral signatures, which imply significant computational efforts. Addressing this, we propose an improved integration of existing tools for the spatio-temporal extraction of fluvial morphological indicators, combining in a unique working environment the cloud computing capability of Google Earth Engine (GEE) and a process-based tool for riverine multitemporal planform analysis (PyRIS). Fluvial morphological metrics have been extracted from a set of meandering rivers in the Arctic region, outlining the potential of anisotropic image filtering and image segmentation to enhance active channel detection in complex spatial-pattern areas. A 20-40% refinement in small object removal in river mask detection emerges. The synergy among existing instruments enhances the observation of natural river systems in permafrost environments, setting the basis for further studies on morphological processes and the evolution of such pristine and climatically-sensitive river systems.
Secular evolution of boron isotope composition of seawater archived in evaporites?
Authors: Jurikova Hana , Gázquez Fernando , Branson Oscar , Evans David , Dumont Matthew , Sendula Eszter , Bodnar Robert , Weldeghebriel Mebrahtu , Lowenstein Tim , Rae James
Published: February 2023

The boron isotope composition of the ocean is homogeneous, but varies on multi-million year time scales, given its residence time of approximately 10 million years. To date, the secular evolution of the oceanic boron isotope budget has been difficult to constrain. The lack of knowledge on past boron isotope composition of seawater (δ11Bsw) poses a major uncertainty for reliable boron-based pH and CO2 reconstructions from Earth’s geologic past and critically limits our understanding of the global biogeochemical cycling of this important element through time. Evaporitic minerals bearing fluid inclusions – and halites in particular – present a highly appealing archive for reconstructing δ11Bsw given their direct origin from seawater. However, the interpretation of their boron isotope signatures is not straightforward due to the possibility of fractionation during evaporation and crystallisation. Here we present first insights into boron isotope evolution during evaporite formation from laboratory experiments and natural modern evaporitic settings. These data enable us to place constraints on boron fractionation in ancient evaporites, offering new insights into δ11Bsw during some of the key periods of the Phanerozoic.
Responses of mature forests to nitrogen deposition: insights from a nitrogen manipulation experiment in Italy
Authors: Guerrieri Rossella , Teglia Alessandra , Ravaioli Dario , Bucci Matteo , Scisci Emma , Muzzi Enrico , Magnani Federico
Published: February 2023

The ability of forests to continue absorbing atmospheric CO2, and hence mitigating climate change, is constrained by global change drivers, such as increasing nitrogen deposition induced by anthropogenic activities. N input from atmospheric deposition can positively affect forest productivity in N-limited temperate and boreal ecosystems. However, under N saturation conditions, a cascade of negative effects can be observed, leading to tree growth decline, increase in soil acidification and N loss pathways, and nutrient imbalance. Experimental simulations of N deposition have been extensively used to directly determine whether atmospheric N input contributes to alleviating N limitation and to understand ecosystem responses. However, the majority of these experiments have considered soil N applications, often applying N doses several order of magnitude higher than ambient deposition, thus not mimicking realistic changes in atmospheric deposition. Moreover, soil applications exclude a priori atmosphere-canopy exchange processes, including direct canopy N uptake. In this context, the experiment established in a mature and eutrophic Fagus sylvatica L. forest in Italy represents a unique resource for advancing understanding on forest responses to global change. At this site, four different treatments have been carried out since 2015: control, canopy (30 kg ha-1 yr-1) and soil (30 and 60 kg ha-1 yr-1) N applications, with doses reflecting more realistic changes in atmospheric deposition (about twice and three times as much as ambient deposition). We asked whether the two experimental approaches (canopy vs. soil applications) can lead to different responses in terms of i) tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency (the ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) and ii) ecosystem nitrogen processes (including plant-microbe interactions). For this purpose, we combined dendroecological analyses (the measure of ring widths and stable carbon isotope composition, δ13C) with the measure of foliar nutrient concentrations and stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in different forest samples, including foliar, litter, soil main root and ectomycorrhizal root tips. On-going δ13C analyses will provide insight regarding the physiological mechanisms underpinning growth changes in relation to different treatments. Whereas, δ15N in different forest samples will help to elucidate differences in ecosystem N processes between the two approaches, i.e., N retention within the system or increasing N loss pathways and other nutrient limitations due to N saturation. 
Flash flood predictions over the Eastern Mediterranean using artificial intelligence techniques with precipitable water vapor, pressure, and lightning data.
Authors: Reuveni Yuval , Asaly Saed , Gottlieb Lee-Ad
Published: February 2023

Flash floods occur when heavy rain causes a fast and powerful flow of water in a drainage area. In the Eastern Mediterranean region, which contains arid and semi-arid areas, the location and timing of rainfall is the most significant factor in the formation of flash floods. Predicting when and where extreme weather events such as storms, heavy rainfall, and flooding are likely to happen is a key challenge in the effort to prevent natural disasters. Here, we present an improved version of a previous work by Ziskin and Reuveni, which investigated the use of precipitable water vapor (PWV) data from ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations, along with surface pressure measurements to predict flash floods in an arid region of the eastern Mediterranean. The previous study involved training three machine learning models to perform a binary classification task, using multiple unique flash flood events and testing the models using a nested cross-validation technique. The results showed that the support vector machine (SVM) model had the highest mean area under the curve (AUC) and the lowest AUC variability compared to random forest (RF) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models.  When tested on an imbalanced dataset simulating a more realistic flash flood occurrence scenario, all models demonstrated a decrease in the false alarm rate (precision) with a high hit rate (recall) performance.
In this study, we extend the previous work by integrating nearby lightning data as a new feature in our studied dataset. The inclusion of this feature is motivated by the observation that heavy rainfall, which can lead to flood events, is often accompanied before by an increase in lightning activity. The experimental results show that the adding a 24-hour vector of nearby lightning activity improves the precision score significantly.
Cessation of Labrador Sea Convection by Freshening through (Sub)mesoscale Flows
Authors: Clement Louis , Frajka-Williams Eleanor , von Oppeln-Bronikowski Nicolai , Goszczko Ilona , de Young Brad
Published: February 2023

By ventilating the deep ocean, deep convection in the Labrador Sea plays a crucial role in the climate system. Unfortunately, the mechanisms leading to the cessation of convection and, hence, the mechanisms by which a changing climate might affect deep convection remain unclear. In winter 2020, three autonomous underwater gliders sampled the convective region and both its spatial and temporal boundaries. Both boundaries are characterised by higher sub-daily mixed-layer depth variability than the convective region. At the convection boundaries, buoyant intrusions--including eddies and filaments--primarily drive restratification by bringing freshwater, instead of warm warmer, and instead of atmospheric warming. At the edges of these intrusions, submesoscale instabilities, such as symmetric instabilities and mixed-layer baroclinic instabilities, seem to contribute to the decay of the intrusions. In winter, strong destabilising surface heat flux and along-front winds can enhance the lateral stratification, sustaining submesoscale instabilities. Consequently, winter atmospheric conditions and freshwater intrusions participate in halting convection by adding buoyant freshwater into the convective region through submesoscale flows. This study reveals freshwater anomalies in a narrow area offshore of the Labrador Current and near the convective region; this area has received less attention than the more eddy-rich West Greenland Current, but is a potential source of freshwater in closer proximity to the region of deep convection. Freshwater fluxes from the Arctic and Greenland are expected to increase under a changing climate, and our findings suggest that they may play an active role in the restratification of deep convection.
Spatial heterogeneity of regolith properties using time-lapse electrical imaging combining Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Audio-Magneto-Telluric in the Berambadi Critical Zone Observatory (India)
Authors: Harrouet Titouan , Sailhac Pascal , Robain Henri , Camerlynck Christian , Baud Benjamin , Amelin Julien , Ruiz Laurent , Muddu Sekhar , Riotte Jean
Published: February 2023

Space and time variability of water content in aquifers are fundamental issues to understand complex interactions taking part in the critical zone, such as land use and irrigated agricultural production. Fundamental parameters on aquifer behavior are commonly monitored through hydrogeological methods, such as piezometric levels and pumping tests in boreholes. Precisions on the water quality and residence time are provided by geochemical analyses of samples collected in surface streams and boreholes. Several studies showed how additional data can be obtained from non-invasive hydrogeophysical methods, that reveal structural heterogeneities of hydrogeological parameters filling the gaps between boreholes.We carried out a multimethod geophysical survey in the Berambadi experimental catchment (India) which is part of the M-TROPICS CZO (Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS Critical Zone Observatory). Two surveys including seismic, electrical, and electromagnetic methods have been repeated for contrasting piezometric levels (high in December 2019, low in May 2022) corresponding to contrasted water contents. We considered time-lapse imaging using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and audio-magneto-tellurics (AMT), which sensitivities apply at complementary scales. Changes in the electrical resistivity from ERT shallow cross-sections and deeper jointly inverted ERT-AMT vertical profiles are compared for the two seasons. Results are discussed in terms of water content and porosity of the regolith as well as uncertainties caused by inherent repeatability issues of time-lapse measurements. Final discussion concerns perspectives of combined time-lapse electrical and seismic velocity models to assess the impact of the spatial variability of regolith properties at the catchment scale.
Probabilistic nonlinear lagged teleconnections of the sea surface temperature field
Authors: Pires Carlos , Hannachi Abdel
Published: February 2023

The monthly anomaly sea surface temperature field over the global ocean exhibit probabilistic dependencies between remote points and lagged times, which are explained eventually by some oceanic or atmospheric bridge of information transfer. Despite much of the bivariate SST dependencies appear to be linear, others are characterized by robust and statistically significant nonlinear correlations. In order to enhance that, we present a general method of extracting bivariate (X,Y) dependencies, seeking for pairs of polynomials P(X) and Q(Y) which are maximally correlated. The method relies on a Canonical correlation Analysis (CCA) between sets of standardized monomials of X and Y, up to a certain (low) degree (e.g. 4). Polynomial coefficients are obtained from the leading CCA eigenvector. Polynomials are calibrated and validated over independent periods, being afterwards subjected to marginal Gaussian anamorphoses. The bivariate non-Gaussianity in the space of marginally Gaussianized polynomials remains residual because of the correlation concentration and maximization. Consequently, the bivariate Gaussian pdf or in alternative, a copula pdf in the space of maximally correlated polynomials can accurately approximate the bivariate dependency. That probabilistic model is then used to determine conditional pdfs, cdfs and probabilities of extremes.The method is applied to various (X,Y) pairs. In the first example, X is an optimized polynomial of the El-Niño 3.4 index while Y is that index lagged to the future. For lags between 6 and 18 months, the nonlinear El-Niño forecast clearly surpasses the linear one, contributing to lower the El-Niño seasonal predictability barrier. In the second example, we relate El-Niño (X) with the lagged Atlantic multidecadal oscillation index (Y). Nonlinear, robust correlations appear, both for positive and negative lags up to 5 years putting in evidence Pacific-Atlantic basin oceanic teleconnections.The above probabilistic (polynomial based) model appears to be a good candidate tool for the statistical (seasonal up to decadal) forecast of regime probabilities (e.g. dry/wet) and extremes, given certain antecedent precursors.This work was funded by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) I.P./MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) – UIDB/50019/2020- IDL and the project JPIOCEANS/0001/2019 (ROADMAP: ’The Role of ocean dynamics and Ocean–Atmosphere interactions in Driving cliMAte variations and future Projections of impact–relevant extreme events’). Acknowledgements are also due to the International Meteorological Institute (IMI) at Stockholm University.
Bringing knowledge closer to practice: an inferential analysis of EU climate change policies and measures
Authors: Pelekanos Nikos , Nikolopoulos Dionysios , Moraitis Georgios , Makropoulos Christos
Published: February 2023

In the context of climate change, European Member States are committed to developing policies and taking corresponding adaptation measures. In this direction, every two years, the European Environment Agency (EEA) publishes an extensive dataset related to climate policies and measures (PaMs) reported in Europe and generated by European research projects, with the aim of improving and disseminating the information covering all actions aimed at reducing GHG emissions. In this study, an inferential data analysis is conducted on the PaMs dataset, setting as the variable of interest the reported quantified GHG emissions savings of each PaM and inferring its variance through a set of related explanatory qualitative factors (i.e., type of measure, sector of policy, related entities, implementation period etc.) together with their higher-level interactions. This is achieved by employing a number of widely used statistical techniques for the analysis of multi-factor data, such as regression analysis, hypothesis testing, influence diagnostics and variable selection methods to (a) investigate the significance and effect of the factors in relation to GHG emissions and (b) model the relationships between the variables of interest. The resulting analysis aims to obtain practical insights from a retrospective view of a wide number of PaMs and generalize their response in a descriptive and explicable way. This will allow the interested parties to gain interpretable feedback from existing measures applied in practice and subsequently ‘feed back’ new knowledge on climate adaptation decision making.This work is supported by IMPETUS research project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101037084.
El Rostro De Las Victimas
Authors: Fula Marco
Published: February 2023

Siendo un tema de gran relevancia en nuestro país, puesto que cada vez son más, una guerra implacable que nunca acaba, ya sea de sufrirla en físico o psicológicamente. En Colombia es muy común y quizás a todos les ha tocado, nadie le es indiferente puesto que toca las más ultimas entrañas del pensar y el sentir, no fueron pocos, fueron más de miles de colombianos los cuales la vivieron o quizás la siguen viviendo, es esa guerra de poder, de inconformismos que atañen a los rincones más ocultos de la patria, más precisamente estos que alimentan las ciudades, estos campesinos que además de ver cómo les asesinaban sus padres, les violaban sus hermanas y los despojaban de sus pocas tierras por supuesto productivas, salieron a media noche pidiendo ayuda, apequenando su corazón para que no doliera tanto terror, tanto recuerdo de lo que se deja y qué más da, sabiendo que quien se quedó sufre día a día las causales de lo que le trae su inocencia y humildad sin ser culpables de nada, su única culpa es haber nacido en un lugar de enfrentamiento.
La ética como principio empresarial
Authors: Gutiérrez Aulestia Gustavo Andrés
Published: February 2023

En la actualidad una de las discusiones más recurrentes en los diferentes círculos de negocios tiene que ver con el papel que juegan los principios empresariales en el desempeño de las organizaciones y cómo estás influyen en el desarrollo de una sociedad no solo desde el punto de vista meramente económico sino también desde la visión del ejemplo que brinden desde su concepción comercial pasando por su aporte a la ética en una sociedad cada vez más permeada por las practicas anti valores y clientelistas.
Campañas publicitarias contra la violencia de género
Authors: Varón Duque Yeimi Andrea
Published: February 2023

A través de la historia, se ha demostrado que la comunicación es determinante para el desarrollo de relaciones interpersonales, familiares, laborales y comerciales. Sabernos comunicar y asegurarnos que el mensaje transmitido es recibido de la forma correcta es el éxito de la buena comunicación y para este caso una buena campaña publicitaria.
Ética empresarial en Colombia
Authors: Marrero Arango Harol Yesid
Published: February 2023

La ética empresarial va ligada de la responsabilidad empresarial, por no decir que es lo mismo, consiste en el papel que juega una organización en la sociedad que se desarrolle de acuerdo con su espectro, bien sea local, nacional, internacional. Bien lo afirma Martínez Herrera (2011) “La responsabilidad social empresarial es el conjunto de las acciones innovadoras de una organización, basadas en el cumplimiento de las leyes y en los valores éticos, para institucionalizar un gobierno corporativo transparente que integre en las actividades sobre la sociedad y el medio ambiente. De todas estas acciones debe rendir cuentas a la sociedad”.
La Fotografía cómo gráfica de historia del trabajo informal en las calles de la UNIMETA
Authors: Rodríguez Méndez Santiago
Published: February 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo enaltecer por medio de la fotografía una labor que realiza una persona muy importante en el Ambiente unimetense llamada Cecilia Acuña con 70 años de edad quien ha acompañado desde el 2012 a los universitarios y profesores de la Unimeta y no es reconocida como trabajadora de la universidad, Cecilia Acuña es una mujer “Berraca”, una mujer que a sus años aún sigue sobreviviendo con el día a día, su trabajo en la universidad es cuidar las carros y motos, de los estudiantes y profesores.
¿Por qué se debe hacer inclusión en la universidad y en esta inclusión tener en cuenta a las mujeres, la diversidad étnica y sexual?
Authors: Ríos Fuentes Lina María
Published: February 2023

La inclusión es participación, es lograr que todas las personas tengan la misma oportunidad de realizarse sin importar su raza, género, orientación sexual o discapacidad, es más, la palabra inclusión no debería existir, porque nadie debería ser rechazado o apartado, simplemente por su color de piel, o por su sexo, pero como vivimos en una sociedad que no piensa igual, pero que poco ha ido cambiando ese tipo de actos rechazables e inaceptables.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BLUE PIPEFISH AND DRY MASS OF FODDER CROPS IN THE ARID STEPPE ZONE OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   LLP «Zaporozhye Agro» Akmola region Zhaksy district, Serekpayev N.А. , Baytelenova A. A ,   "Kazakh agrotechnical university named after S. Seifullin"Astana city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mukhanov N.K. ,   Scientific and Production Center of grain farming named after A.I.Barayev, Shortandinsky district, Akmola region, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurbanbayev A.I. ,   Scientific and Production Center of grain farming named after A.I.Barayev, Shortandinsky district, Akmola region, Republic of Kazakhstan, Akhilbekova B.A. ,   Scientific and Production Center of grain farming named after A.I.Barayev, Shortandinsky district, Akmola region, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: February 2023

Ақмола облысының құрғақ далалы аймағында өсетін бір жылдық мал азықтық дақылдардың өсу кезеңіне және дамуына байланысты көк балаусаның химиялық құрамы келесідей аралықта, яғни шикі протеин 2,3-тен 3,1% - ға дейін, шикі жасұнық 7,1-ден 10,8% - ға дейін, шикі май 0,5-тен 0,9% - ға дейін, шикі күл 1,6-дан 2,7% - ға дейін, АЭЗ 9,1-ден 15,9% - ға дейін, ал пішеннің химиялық құрамы тиісінше 7,7-ден 11,8% - ға дейін, 27,8-ден 38,9% - ға дейін, 2,7-ден 9,3% - ға дейін, 7,5-тен 11,6% - ға дейін, 41,8-ден 46,7% - ға дейін өзгерді. Бір жылдық мал азықтық дақылдардың тіршілік кезеңіне қарай көк балаусадағы жасұнықтың мөлшері түтікке шығу кезеңінде 7,1-ден 8,4% - ға дейін, шашақтану кезеңінде 7,6-дан 8,4-ке дейін, гүлдену кезеңінде 8,6-дан 10,8% - ға дейін, ал пішенінде тиісінше 27,8 - ден 32,8% - ға дейін, 32,1-ден 37,6-ға дейін, 33,9-дан 38,9% - ға дейін өзгерді. Көк балаусадағы шикі протеиннің мөлшері түтікке шығу кезеңінде 2,7-ден 3,1% - ға дейін шашақтануда 2,8-ден 3,1-ге дейін, гүлдену кезеңінде 2,3-тен 2,9% - ға дейін, ал пішенінде тиісінше 10,5-тен 11,8% - ға дейін, 8,0-ден 10,2% - ға дейін және 7,7-ден 8,9% - ға дейін болды. Бір жылдық мал азықтық дақылдардың пішенінде қорытылатын протеиннің ең көп мөлшері түтікке шығу және шашақтану кезеңдерінде жиналған пішендерде байқалды және олар сәйкесінше 65,0-ден 72,2 г/кг -ға дейін және 73,7-ден 75,7 г/кг-ға дейін болды.
OPTIMAL NUMBER OF SIBERIAN MOUNTAIN GOAT (CAPRA SIBIRICA PALL.) ON THE NORTHERN TIEN SHAN
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Serikbayeva A. T. , Iskakova Zh. A. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abdibek A. E. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: February 2023

В статье рассматривается типология и бонитировка (качественная оценка) охотничьих угодий свойственных сибирскому козерогу, обитающему по хребтам Иле-Алатау, Кунгей Алатау, а также смежным участкам, относимым к Северному Тянь-Шаню. Впервые приведены расчеты по оптимальной или допускаемой численности вида на данной территории. Распределение местообитаний сибирского горного козла по бонитетам показывает, что хребет Кунгей Алатау для козерога обладает всем спектром качества угодий, включая высшие - I и II классов, то есть очень хорошими и хорошими свойствами, в основном для кормления вида. Также следует отметить, в целом, преобладание охотугодий III класса бонитета или средних по качественной оценке. Вместе с тем, средний класс бонитета по всему изучаемому региону оказался равным 3,9 или другими словами качество мест обитания сибирских козерогов варьирует от средних до плохих (IV класс) значений. Результаты расчетов оптимальной численности сибирского горного козерога показывают, что по хребту Иле-Алатау фактическое их число еще не достигло оптимальной, а по Кунгей Алатау даже немного превышает допустимый уровень. По другим участкам оптимальное количество козерогов оказалось немногим ниже ее фактической величины. Полученные данные распределения козерожьих угодий по их бонитетам дают возможность произвести расчеты допустимой или оптимальной численности, где общая численность изучаемого вида копытного близка к допустимой. Именно поддержание оптимальной численности козлов возможно при контроле их популяции, ограничении воздействия антропогенных факторов, уничтожении хищников, а также особенно важно, усиление борьбы с браконьерством.
Knowledge of Anemia of Pregnant Women in Kuto Batu Village
Authors: Novianty  , Amelia Prahastuti  , Putri Sinta Maharani  , Nessy Iqmadhea
Published: February 2023

Pregnancy are a special condition that requires more nutritional needs compared to other conditions in the life cycle. Therefore pregnancy  get a number of additional macro and micro nutrients during pregnancy. Mother's nutritional needs that are not met will cause various nutritional problems including anemia. Anemia in pregnancy can cause health and nutritional problems not only for the mother but also for the fetus. The research was conducted in Kuto Batu Palembang Village in August 2022. The subjects of the study were 26 pregnant in trimesters 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that most of the mothers, namely 85%, had insufficient knowledge of anemia. Lack of knowledge can influence mother's behavior related to anemia prevention. Mothers who have less knowledge regarding anemia will have difficulty choosing and consuming foods high in iron.