bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A call for replications of addiction research: Which studies should we replicate & what constitutes a “successful” replication?
Authors: Heirene Robert
Published: January 2020

Several prominent researchers in the problem gambling field have recently called for high-quality replications of existing gambling studies. This call should be extended to the entire field of addiction research: there is a need to focus on ensuring that the understanding of addiction and related phenomena gained through the extant literature is robust and replicable. This article discusses two important questions addictions researchers should consider before proceeding with replication studies: [1] which studies should we attempt to replicate? And: [2] how should we interpret the findings of a replication study in relation to the original study? In answering these questions, a focus is placed on experimental research, though the discussion may still serve as a useful introduction to the topic of replications for addictions researchers using any methodology.
Next-generation Visitation Models using Social Media to Estimate Recreation on Public Lands
Authors: Wood Spencer A , Winder Samantha , Lia Emilia , White Eric , Crowley Christian , Milnor Adam
Published: January 2020

Outdoor and nature-based recreation provides countless social benefits, yet public land managers often lack information on the spatial and temporal extent of recreation activities. Social media is a promising source of data to fill information gaps because the amount of recreational use is positively correlated with social media activity. However, despite the implication that these correlations could be employed to accurately estimate visitation, there are no known transferable models parameterized for use with multiple social media data sources. This study tackles these issues by examining the relative value of multiple sources of social media in models that estimate visitation at unmonitored sites and times across multiple destinations. Using a novel dataset of over 30,000 social media posts and 286,000 observed visits from two regions in the United States, we compare multiple competing statistical models for estimating visitation. We find social media data substantially improve visitor estimates at unmonitored sites, even when a model is parameterized with data from another region. Visitation estimates are further improved when models are parameterized with on-site counts. These findings indicate that while social media do not fully substitute for on-site data, they are a powerful component of recreation research and visitor management.
Planning transport for social inclusion: An accessibility-activity participation approach
Authors: Allen Jeff , Farber Steven
Published: January 2020

Social equity is increasingly becoming an important objective in transport planning and project evaluation. This paper provides a framework and an empirical investigation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) examining the links between public transit accessibility and the risks of social exclusion, simply understood as the suppressed ability to conduct daily activities at normal levels. Specifically, we use a large-sample travel survey to present a new transport-geography concept termed participation deserts, neighbourhood-level clusters of lower than expected activity participation. We then use multivariate models to estimate where, and for whom, improvements in transit accessibility will effectively increase activity participation and reduce risks of transport-related social exclusion. Our results show that neighbourhoods with high concentrations of low-income and zero-car households located outside of major transit corridors are the most sensitive to having improvements in accessibility increase daily activity participation rates. We contend that transit investments providing better connections to these neighbourhoods would have the greatest benefit in terms of alleviating existing inequalities and reducing the risks of social exclusion. The ability for transport investments to liberate suppressed activity participation is not currently being predicted or valued in existing transport evaluation methodologies, but there is great potential in doing so in order to capture the social equity benefits associated with increasing transit accessibility.
Measuring social origin, cognitive ability and educational attainment in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70)
Authors: Betthäuser Bastian Andreas , Bourne Mollie , Bukodi Erzsebet
Published: January 2020

This data note presents and discussed descriptive statistics of the key variables on individuals’ social origin, cognitive ability and educational attainment that have been constructed based on the information contained in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). The main sets of variables presented are (1) measures of respondents’ cognitive ability in childhood, (2) parental education, class, status and income, and (3) respondents’ highest qualification and measures indicating whether respondents have crossed different educational qualification thresholds.
Screening of Potent Arsenic Resistant and Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus species from the Soil of Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Poudel Pramod , Nepal Ashish , Magar Rashmi Roka , Rauniyar Pratibha , Magar Lil Buda
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To isolate arsenic resistant Bacillus spp. and to determine plant growth promoting activities. 

Methods: Eighteen soil samples were collected from the agricultural soil of Terai region of Nepal. Selective isolation of Bacillus species was done by heating the soil at 80 ºC for 15 minutes before the isolation. Nutrient agar was used as an isolation medium. Screening of arsenic resistant Bacillus species was done using nutrient agar supplemented with 100 ppm sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite. For plant growth promoting activity; IAA production was detected taking 0.1% tryptophane and measuring absorbance at 540 nm, NH3 production was tested by Nessler’s reagent and phosphate solubilization activity was detected by growing colonies on Pikovskaya’s agar. Sugar assimilation test was performed to identify the isolates. Most potent arsenic resistant isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results: Among 54 randomly selected isolates, 42 were found to be Gram-positive rod-shaped, spore-forming while 12 isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. The isolates IN12a, M12a and BG34a showed growth on 100 ppm sodium arsenite containing NA. Only isolate M12a tolerated up to 1000 ppm and 15000 ppm of sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate respectively, while other isolates could not grow above 400 ppm sodium arsenite. The isolates IN12a and M12a were able to produce IAA and solubilize phosphate while BG34a could not. Both the isolates IN12a and M12a were able to utilize the sugars glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, mannose, mannitol, maltose and xylose.  Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, isolate M12a was identified to be Bacillus flexus with highest similarity of 99.2%.

Conclusion: Arsenic resistant and plant growth promoting Bacillus spp. was isolated from the agricultural soil of Terai region of Nepal
Antibacterial Property of Extract of Erveniastrum nepalense (Edible Lichen) Collected from Hilly Regions of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Yonghang Saraswati , Rai Suman , Sah Shiv Nandan
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial property of Everniastrum nepalense(edible lichen)collected from eastern part of Nepal and determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lichen extract.

Methods: Everniastrum nepalense was collected from local Rai and Limbu community in a plastic bag from four hilly districts (Pachthar, Taplejung, Dhankuta and Bhojpur) of Eastern, NepaMoisture content in lichen samples were removed by air drying and grinded to powdery form. The methanolic extracts of lichens of different places were prepared by solvent extraction process using Soxhlet apparatus and tested against human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lichen extracts was determined using well diffusion method.

Results: The lichens extract against the test bacterial isolates were performed by agar well diffusion method. Overall, it was observed that all these lichen extracts from Eastern Nepal had inhibitory effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Out of seven bacterial samples used, all bacterial samples were inhibited by the lichen extracts except Escherichia coli. The effect of lichen extract collected from Bhojpur district had maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi and Klebsiella spp were found to be 13 mm, 14 mm and 14 mm respectively. Similarly, zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis was found to be 17 mm from samples of Dhankuta, which was highest value than other 3 districts viz; Bhojpur, Taplejung and Pachthar District. Likewise, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest inhibition value i.e. 18 mm on Pachthar sample whereas, Shigella showed 15 mm on Dhankuta sample. This study revealed that inhibitory capacity of edible lichen (Everniastrum nepalense) against test bacteria was not the same. It varied from place to place.

Conclusion: This study has concluded that Everniastrum nepalensehas potential antibacterial property against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except E. coli along with nutritional value and can be used as safe alternative and economic herbal medicine to treat infectious diseases.
Production of Garbage Enzyme from Different Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and Evaluation of its Enzymatic and Antimicrobial Efficacy
Authors: Neupane Karuna , Khadka Rama
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy of enzyme from garbage produced from different fruits and vegetable wastes.

Methods: This study was conducted from October-2018 to February-2019 in the laboratory of Padma Kanya Multiple College, Bagbazar, Kathmandu, Nepal. This study was carried for production, analysis of enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and bacteria (Bacillus species) in 5 fruits peels, Mosambi (Citrus limetta), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and mixed fruits collected from fresh fruit stall and vegetable peels collected from college’s hostel. The fermentation mixture was made in the ratio 1:3:10 (1 part brown sugar, 3 parts fruits/vegetable peels and 10 parts water) and left for 3 months for fermentation.

Results: After fermentation, enzyme activity (amylase, protease, caseinase, cellulase and lipase) and antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus, S. aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus spp, Salmonella Typhi, E. coli, E. coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were analyzed. All the samples showed amylase and caseinase enzyme activity, only Pineapple (Ananascomosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and Mixed fruit showed protease enzyme activity while only Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) showed lipase enzyme activity. In antimicrobial efficacy test, garbage enzyme produced from vegetable sample didn’t show antimicrobial activity with bacteria used except E. coli (ATCC 25922)and S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Similarly, garbage enzyme produced from Mixed fruit and Papaya (Carica papaya) didn’t show antimicrobial activity with Salmonella Typhi and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) respectively but garbage enzyme from other wastes showed antimicrobial activity with bacteria used in test.

Conclusion: Different fruits and vegetables wastes showed different enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity.
Perception of invulnerability, engaging in risky behaviors and life satisfaction among high school students
Authors: Milić Marija , Vlajčić Ružica-Marija , Križanić Valerija
Published: January 2020

A sense of invulnerability is commonly associated only with adolescents’ risk behaviors, but according to some developmental theories, it is also an adaptive response to developmental tasks that occur during that period of life. The objective of this paper was to explore two aspects of the sense of invulnerability (physical and psychological) on a sample of high school students. More specifically, the relationship between physical and psychological invulnerability in terms of engagement in risky behaviors (cigarette use) on the one hand and indicators of subjective wellbeing (life satisfaction) on the other was explored. The data from 297 adolescents aged 16 to 20 years (M = 17.33; SD = 0.834; 54.2% girls) were analyzed. The study found that boys’ assessment of physical and psychological invulnerability was higher in comparison to girls’ assessment.
Smokers rated their physical invulnerability higher than adolescents who had quit smoking, who had only tried smoking and those who had never smoked. While physical invulnerability was not associated with life assessments in most domains of life satisfaction, psychological was positively associated with all domains as well as general life satisfaction. The findings also showed that assessing psychological invulnerability contributed more to explaining life satisfaction than assessing physical invulnerability, whereas physical invulnerability was a significant predictor of smoking frequency among adolescents. The results of this study indicate the significance and importance of both domains of invulnerability in adolescence.
SEKOLAH YANG RESPONSIF GENDER (STUDI PADA SMKN 5 KENDARI)
Authors: Inah Ety Nur , R Rudiyanto , Kharunnisa Aeni
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to reveal how the description of gender responsive school management as well as gender responsive facilities and infrastructure in teacher secondary schools, especially at state vocational high school 5 Kendari. This research is a qualitative research with data collection through interviews. The results of the study illustrated that school management that is gender responsive in terms of the placement of the principal's position broadly opens opportunities for teachers to occupy strategic positions regardless of male or female gender but based on competence and responsibility and has implemented gender equality and justice in all things, as well as in service in schools provide opportunities for male and female teachers to attend training outside the school and apply disaggregated data in order to facilitate obtaining information about the school in this case school administration. In addition to school management that has been gender responsive and the results of the research show that the tools that support learning are facilities and infrastructure that are also gender responsive, including the use of classrooms, toilet rooms, prayer rooms (mosques) and laboratory room seats.
Total Quality Management Pendidikan Islam (Studi TPQ Qiro’ati di Kabupaten Kudus Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Muchith Mukhamad Saekan
Published: January 2020

Abstract Kudus Regency Central Java is known as the city of santri. One of the characteristics has the most non-formal Islamic education institutions and boarding schools compared to other regions in Central Java. Until 2018 Kudus Regency has 86 Islamic boarding schools, 1050 Al-Quran learning centre for children (TPQ) and 310 Madrasah Diniyah (Madin). Among the Islamic education institutions there are TPQ with Qiro'ati learning methods as many as 360 institutions.Al-Quran learning centre for children (TPQ) with the Qiro'ati learning method has its own uniqueness when viewed from the process and output. Steps in managing institutions and learning have consistency and commitment to the regulations that have been set. The uniqueness in TPQ Qiro'ati needs to be socialized so that it can inspire other Islamic educational institutions in managing the institutions and learning processes.This research is seen from its type categorized as a qualitative research process which is aimed at describing or describing what is in the research location. Bogdan and Taylor in Lexy J Moleong (1995) that research with qualitative methods is research that aims to produce descriptive data in the form of written words or impressions of people and observed behavior. Based on the opinion of Bagdan and Taylor above, this study aims to obtain data from the location of the study both in the form of written data or interviews from research data sources.The technique of data retrieval is done by observation, interviews, documentation then the results of data acquisition are done with technical domain analysis, taxonomy analysis and cultural theme analysis, so that researchers will be able to uncover various problems according to the determined problem formulation.In general, facts and data were found that the management of the TPQ Qiro’ati was initiated from a very mature and systematic plan both from the ustadz/ustadzah recruitment aspects. Supported by a very consistent and tiered implementation and coaching. Requirements as ustadz/ustadzah are also determined by qualifications and competencies which are truly consistently implemented and always maintained throughout the period. The process of completing or graduating santri is carried out through tiered examinations from the institutional level (TPQ), sub-district (rayon) and district levels. After being declared graduated by all levels, santri were also tested openly as a doctoral program promotion test.The stages of all this, as a form of management transparency to the public so as to provide a greater level of trust from the community. What was done in the management of the TPQ Qiro’ati was in accordance with the spirit of the general community dynamics which automatically required the public to be open to information.
HEDOLE DOLE : STUNTING TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT WAKATOBI
Authors: Udu Sumiman , Anhusadar La Ode , Alias Alias , Ali La
Published: January 2020

Every civilization has knowledge about health. From the beginning until now the most vulnerable groups in terms of health are toddlers and pregnant women. In the Wakatobi community, the health of children or toddlers is also an important aspect that is a priority of the local government to improve the quality of children's lives. In an effort to improve the quality of life for toddlers, the Wakatobi community has a culture as a traditional stunting that has been growing and developing in the community. This study used an ethnographic approach, so the data collection of data analysis uses ethnographic principles. This approach was expected to reveal how the Wakatobi community views health and quality of life for toddlers. The results of this study indicated that the Wakatobi community has had a traditional earrings concept called the Hedole Dole. Through the Hedole Dole ritual, toddlers have special treatment from a sando or traditional birth attendant. After experiencing the Dole Dole ritual, Wakatobi children possessed strong endurance. They will have strong endurance to fight various weather changes. Wakatobi believes and believes that this tradition has improved the quality of life and endurance of their toddlers. They also assume that healthy children are children who have a healthy body and mind. Wakatobi people think that through the ritual tradition of Dole Dole food can have a strong immune system. The process of their idols will be given various types of herbs and treatments that make their bodies stronger and resistant to various diseases.
Verbesserung der Liefertermintreue durch Simulation
Authors: Schuh Günther , Stich Volker , Gützlaff Andreas , Reschke Jan , Cremer Sven , Steinlein Felix , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2020

Kurzfassung

Unvorhergesehene Störungen gefährden in vielen Fällen den Kundenliefertermin. Die Produktionssteuerung hat die Aufgabe, effektiv und effizient auf diese kurzfristigen Störungen zu reagieren. Der Entscheidungsprozess beruht jedoch häufig auf einer qualitativen Analyse einer komplexen Situation anhand subjektiver Einschätzungen durch den Produktionsplaner. Zur Verbesserung der Entscheidungsfindung stellt dieser Beitrag eine App vor, die auf Basis von Echtzeitdaten und einer Simulation des Produktionssystems eine quantitative Entscheidungsfindung ermöglicht.
In vitro effect of different cytokinin types (BAP, TDZ) on two different Ocimum basilicum cultivars explants
Authors: Enkhbileg E. , Fári M. G. , Kurucz E.
Published: January 2020

Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) is an economically and ethnobotanically important aromatic, medicinal, ornamental and culinary herb, with a very wide gene pool, that is sensitive to cold and prone to several plant pathogens that can demolish harvest and lessen yield. In this research, the effects of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and TDZ (Thidiazuron) on different genotypes for in vitro cloning were determined, in order to provide a detailed protocol guide concerning Ocimum basilicum L. propagation. The results from the O. basilicum seed propagations revealed that the best condition for the secondary shoot growth is with 5.0 mg/l TDZ or 1.5 mg/l BAP on all types of explants except the root, the secondary root growth can be obtained on all types explant with any BAP concentration and all cytokinins can induce callus on all types of explants. On the whole, it shows that multiple secondary shoot induction and regeneration in Ocimum basilicum L. is regulated by appropriate cytokinin concentration.
مساقات ذكر الحيوان في السنة النبوية المطهرة: دراسة تحليلية (Description on Animals Mentioned Within The Sunnah: An Analytical Study)
Authors: محمد سعد الدين منصور , بانقا أحمد علي أحمد المجتبى
Published: January 2020

تأتى أهمية هذا البحث لأهمية السنة النبوية المطهرة كمصدر للوحي، وأهميتها في تصفية وتنقية اللسان العربي من لوثة العجمى التى أصابته لبعد النّاس عن مصادر اللغة الفصيحة، وتعريف الدارس بكنوز السنة النبوية المطهرة في طرحها وذكرها للحيوان كمضرب مثل أو شفقة ورحمة به، أوفي كيفية معاملته والاحتفاء به، حيث تقف أجيالنا الجديدة على هذه المعاني السامية حتى يتسنى لهم العمل بها وتطبيقها في حياتهم، والمنهج المتبع في هذا الدراسة هو المنهج التحليلي، حيث تحلل الأحاديث التى سقناها حتى نصل إلى نتائج مرضية من خلال تلك الفوائد المستفادة من تلك الأحاديث والتى هي وحي من عند الله سبحانه تعالى. ولاشك أنّ الكثير من أسماء الحيوانات جاء ذكرها في القرآن الكريم بدءا بقصة الفيل وبقرة بنى اسرائيل والنملة وسورة العنكبوت، وحمار عزير وناقة سيدنا صالح عليه وعلى نبينا أفضل الصلاة وأتم التسليم،  وذكر القرود والخنازير والذبابة وغيرها من العجماوات (زواحف أو طيور أو حيوانات) حيث هي من مخلوقات الله تعالى التى جاء ذكرها جنباً إلى جنبٍ مع ذكر بنى آدم الذى أعلا المولى ذكره وفضله وكرّمه على كثير ممن خلق، وكذلك جاء ذكر الحيوان في السنة النبوية المطهرة. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان ذكر  بعض النماذج  المختارة  للحيوان  في السنة النبوية المطهرة، من خلال أحاديث المصطفى صلى الله عليه وسلم، حتى يعرف الدارس أسماء تلك الحيوانات وموقعها في الثقافة الإسلامية، مع الشرح والبيان مع الاستعانة بكتب الشروح الحديثية وكتب معاجم وقواميس اللغة العربية، مع التخريج لتلك الأحاديث وبيان درجتها وحكمها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: السّنة، الحيوان، الرفق ، الرحمة.

Abstract

The paper attempts to highlight the position of the Sunnah that relates to exposition on diversity of animals and the way how to deal with them with the use of kindness and mercy. This study is aimed at giving guiding principles for the new generation to treat animals with the use of kindness based on the Sunnah’s guidance. We use the method of analysis toward textual evident covered within the Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh) which represents the second part of the revelation. It is beyond any doubt that both the Qur’an and Sunnah mention about different types of animal starting from the elephant, cows of Israelites, ants, donkey, as well as buffalo of the Prophet Saleh. Other animals such as monkeys, pigs and flies are also mentioned in the Qur’an to indicate that they are creation of Allah.  The study mainly deals with the selected names of animals mentioned in the Sunnah and their significance within Islamic literatures.  The analysis will mainly be focused on the description of books of hadith as well as Arabic lexicography. Moreover, we also conduct the retrieval study of all those hadiths to ascertain the position of authenticity. 

 Keywords: Sunnah, animals, kindness, and mercy.
Correlation between the Computed Tomography Values of the Screw Path and Pedicle Screw Pullout Strength: An Experimental Study in Porcine Vertebrae
Authors: Ikeura Atsushi , Kushida Taketoshi , Oe Kenichi , Kotani Yoshihisa , Ando Muneharu , Adachi Takashi , Saito Takanori
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Biomechanical study.Purpose: To assess the correlation between the computed tomography (CT) values of the pedicle screw path and screw pull-out strength.Overview of Literature: The correlation between pedicle screw pull-out strength and bone mineral density has been well established. In addition, several reports have demonstrated a correlation between bone mineral density and CT values. However, no previous biomechanical studies investigated the correlation between CT values and pedicle screw pull-out strength.Methods: Sixty fresh-frozen lumbar vertebrae from 6-month-old pigs were used. Before screw insertion, the CT values of the screw path were obtained for each sample. Specimens were then randomly divided into three equal groups. Each group had one of three pedicle screws inserted: 4.0-mm LEGACY (4.0-LEG), 4.5-mm LEGACY (4.5-LEG), or 4.5-mm SOLERA (4.5-SOL) (all from Medtronic Sofamor Danek Inc., Memphis, TN, USA). Each screw had a consistent 30-mm thread length. Axial pull-out testing was performed at a rate of 1.0 mm/min. Correlations between the CT values and pedicle screw pull-out strength were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis.Results: The correlation coefficients between the CT values of the screw path and pedicle screw pull-out strength for the 4.0-LEG, 4.5-LEG, and 4.5-SOL groups were 0.836 (p <0.001), 0.780 (p <0.001), and 0.873 (p <0.001), respectively. Greater CT values were associated with greater screw pull-out strength.Conclusions: The CT values of the screw path were strongly positively correlated with pedicle screw pull-out strength, regardless of the screw type and diameter, suggesting that the CT values could be clinically useful for predicting pedicle screw pull-out strength.
Indirect Decompression Using Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Restenosis after an Initial Decompression Surgery
Authors: Nakashima Hiroaki , Kanemura Tokumi , Satake Kotaro , Ito Kenyu , Ishikawa Yoshimoto , Ouchida Jun , Segi Naoki , Yamaguchi Hidetoshi , Imagama Shiro
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study.Purpose: We compared clinical and radiographical outcomes after lumbar decompression revision surgery for restenosis by lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).Overview of Literature: Indirect lumbar decompression with LLIF was used to treat degenerative lumbar diseases requiring neural decompression. However, only a few studies have focused on the effectiveness of this technique for restenosis after lumbar decompression.Methods: We retrospectively investigated 52 cases involving lumbar interbody fusions for restenosis with spondylolisthesis after lumbar decompressions; these cases consisted of 15 patients who underwent indirect decompression with LLIF and posterior fixation and 37 patients who underwent the same procedure with PLIF. We compared Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and perioperative complications between groups. The cross-sectional areas of the thecal sac on magnetic resonance imaging were measured before, immediately after, and 2 years after surgery. We conducted statistical analyses using unpaired t -test and Fisher’s exact tests, and a p -value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The operative time was significantly shorter in the LLIF group than in the PLIF group (115.3±33.6 min vs. 186.2±34.2 min, respectively; p <0.001). In addition, the intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the LLIF group than in the PLIF group (58.2±32.7 mL vs. 303.2±140.1 mL, respectively; p <0.001). We found two cases of transient lateral thigh weakness (13.3%) in the LLIF group and five cases of incidental durotomy, one case of deep infection, and one case of neurological deterioration in the PLIF group—resulting in a higher complication incidence (18.9%), although it did not reach (p =0.63). The JOA scores improved significantly in both groups.Conclusions: Indirect decompression using LLIF provided acceptable clinical and radiographical outcomes in patients with restenosis with spondylolisthesis after lumbar decompression; no revision-surgery-specific complications were found. Our results suggest that LLIF is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for revision surgery.
Does Combined Anterior-Posterior Approach Improve Outcomes Compared with Posterioronly Approach in Traumatic Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Terence , Donohoe Tom J. , Huang Milly Shu-Jing , Rutges Joost , Marion Travis , Mathew Joseph , Fitzgerald Mark , Tee Jin
Published: January 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the surgical, radiological, and functional outcomes of posterior-only versus combined anterior-posterior approaches in patients with traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures. The ideal approach (anterior-only, posterior-only, or combined anterior-posterior) for the surgical management of thoracolumbar burst fracture remains controversial, with each approach having its advantages and disadvantages. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed (registration no., CRD42018115120). The authors reviewed comparative studies evaluating posterior-only approach compared with combined anterior-posterior approaches with respect to clinical, surgical, radiographic, and functional outcome measures. Five retrospective cohort studies were included. Postoperative neurological deterioration was not reported in either group. Operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative length of stay were increased among patients in the combined anterior-posterior group in one study and equivalent between groups in another study. No significant difference was observed between the two approaches with regards to long-term postoperative Cobb angle (mean difference, −0.2; 95% confidence interval, −5.2 to 4.8; p =0.936). Moreover, no significant difference in functional patient outcomes was observed in the 36item Short-Form Health Survey, Visual Analog Scale, and return-to-work rates between the two groups. The available evidence does not indicate improved clinical, radiologic (including kyphotic deformity), and functional outcomes in the combined anterior-posterior and posterior-only approaches in the management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures. Further studies are required to ascertain if a subset of patients will benefit from a combined anterior-posterior approach.
Spinal Sagittal Alignment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Scores, and Patient-Reported Outcome among People with Sporting Activity
Authors: Oe Shin , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Kobayashi Sho , Yasuda Tatsuya , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Yamada Tomohiro , Ide Koichiro , Watanabe Yuh , Niwa Haruo , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate how participation in sporting activity affects patient-reported outcome (PRO), including Neck Disability Index (NDI), in males and females.Overview of Literature: Previously, our study reported that factors with a negative influence on the NDI in females were a lack of sporting activities. However, it was still unclear why it affected poor scores of NDI.Methods: The subjects were 473 volunteers. They were divided into two groups (activity and non-activity) according to participation or non-participation in sporting activities using a self-filled questionnaire. The evaluation items were height, weight, grip strength, bone density, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, standing radiographic parameters, PRO (evaluated by EuroQol-5 dimension [EQ-5D], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), and NDI.Results: There were 101 males in the non-activity group and 69 in the activity group and 178 females in the non-activity group and 125 in the activity group. For the males, the evaluation items with significant influence were cervical lordosis (non-activity group:activity group, 17°:22°) and T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (10°:6°, p <0.05). For the females, the evaluation items with significant influence were sagittal vertical axis (28:14 mm), HADS (10.4:8.4), EQ-5D (0.79:0.86), ODI (17:12), and NDI (12:9, p <0.01). HADS and PRO in the females were significantly correlated with the EQ-5D (−0.40), ODI (0.43), and NDI (0.55).Conclusions: Males who participated in sporting activities had better cervical spine alignment but no effect on PRO. Females with sporting activities had better spinal global alignment and less mental stress. It is suggested that sporting activity in females might be associated with PRO because HADS highly correlates with PRO.
Le centenaire de la direction du budget (1919-2019)
Authors: Mordacq Frank
Published: January 2020

Créée en1919 à partir de la direction de la comptabilité publique, la direction du budget (DB) a toujours eu pour mission de veiller à limiter l’augmentation des dépenses publiques mais elle a aussi accompagné les efforts d’investissement, l’adaptation au contexte européen et la modernisation de la gestion publique.
Le contrôle de l’exécution des dépenses dans le cadre constitutionnel de l’Union européenne
Authors: Martucci Francesco
Published: January 2020

Le dédoublement constitutionnel de l’Union se traduit, d’une part, par l’implication des États pour assurer une bonne exécution des dépenses et la défense des intérêts financiers de l’Union et, d’autre part, par un équilibre dans l’exercice du contrôle budgétaire de la Commission par le Parlement et le Conseil appuyé par les rapports de la Cour des comptes.
THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF GWADAR PORT: AN ECONOMIC HUB FOR MARITIME TRADE
Authors: Shah Afridi Hikmat , Bibi Sumayya , Muhammad Bilal
Published: January 2020

Gwadar Port is the mega project of ongoing developmental projects in Balochistan which is shaping the economy of the World. The port is creating opportunities and possibilities for promoting regional and international shipping and it will resuscitate trade links between China and CARs being the closest route to warm waters. Gwadar Port has vast region to influence; stretching up to several breakaway states of the former Soviet Union in the north, to Iran, the Gulf, the Middle East and East Africa in the west, to India and Sri Lanka in the south. Moreover, this deep port is serving the Gulf and East African ports with fast feeder services. It has deep-water sea complementary to Karachi and Bin Qasim ports for enhancing cargo shipments and therefore it will be a mother port for Asia in the coming years.
Upotreba, značaj i kontaminanti u začinima i začinskom bilju u proizvodnji toplinski neobrađenih mesnih proizvoda
Authors: Gross-Bošković Andrea , Bogdanović Tanja , Petričević Sandra , Sokolić Darja , Stražanac Danijela
Published: January 2020

Začini imaju snažno antimikrobno i antioksidativno djelovanje koje je različito i ovisi o koncentraciji i vrsti aktivnih komponenti. Zahvaljujući ovim učincima začini produžuju trajnost proizvoda sprječavajući rast i razmnožavanje patogenih bakterija koji uzrokuju kvarenje hrane, stoga je sve veća svjesnost potrošača o njihovim učincima dovela do veće upotrebe začina u proizvodnji hrane umjesto primjene kemijskih konzervansa. U posljednje vrijeme primjena začina u proizvodnji toplinski neobrađenih mesnih proizvoda sve je značajnija i učestalija, iako, povijesno gledano, upotreba začina i začinskog bilja upravo za ovakvu svrhu nije nepoznata. Začini se dodaju u tehnološkim fazama proizvodnje toplinski neobrađenih mesnih proizvoda zbog poboljšanja mirisa, okusa i probavljivosti pri čemu se, ovisno o vrsti proizvoda i interakcijama drugih fizikalno-kemijskih komponenti tijekom pojedinih faza proizvodnje, formira aroma kao prepoznatljiva odlika finalnog mesnog proizvoda. Sa stajališta zakonodavstva i sigurnosti hrane definirane su najveće dopuštene količine pojedinih kontaminanata za određene vrste začina, kao i maksimalne razine ostataka pesticida, kako bi se osigurala njihova ispravnost, kao i sigurnost konačnog proizvoda.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA IKAN SALAI LELE (Clarias gariepinus) DI KELURAHAN AIR DINGIN KECAMATAN BUKIT RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU (Studi Kasus Usaha Bapak Ahmadin Margolang)
Authors: Sitompul Tumpak , NIzar Rini , Putri Asgami
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk 1) Mengetahui peluang dan ancaman yang dihadapi dalam usaha ikan salai lele Bapak Ahmadin di Keluraha Air Dingin Kecamatan Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru. 2) Mengetahui kekuatan dan kelemahan yang dimiliki oleh usaha ikan salai lele Bapak Ahmadin di Kelurahan Air Dingin Kecamatan Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru. 3) Mengetahui strategi apa yang tepat dalam pengembangan usaha ikan salai lele Bapak Ahmdin di Kelurahan Air Dingin Kecamatan Bukit raya Kota Pekanbaru. Metode penelitian untuk menentukan daerah dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara sengaja ( purposive sampling), dengan alasan usaha yang aktif dan memiliki skala produksi yang besar. Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Peluang pada Usaha Ikan Salai Lele Bapak Ahmadin Margolang adalah ; dapat dijadikan sebagai oleh-oleh, harga jual produk masih bisa bersaing dengan produk sejenis dipasaran, adanya kerja sama dengan pemasok bahan baku, dukungan dari pemerintah, daerah usaha berada dikawasan masyarakat ramai. Ancamannya adalah ; adanya pesaing dengan produk sejenis, permintaan akan pasar tidak stabil, harga bahan baku yang tidak stabil, perubahan selera konsumen, menurunnya minat beli masyarakat. Kekuatan pada Usaha Ikan Salai Lele Bapak Ahmadin Margolang adalah ; lingkungan usaha yang kondusif, bahan baku mudah diperoleh, ketahanan produk atau awet, kualitas produk dan tampilan menarik, memiliki pelanggan tetap, melakukan promosi, tenaga kerja terampil. Kelemahannya adalah ; kurangnya outlet pemasaran, teknologi yang digunakan masih sederhana, biaya produksi yang relatif tinggi, kurangnya tenaga kerja di bidang pemasaran, produk yang dihasilkan masih dipasarkan di daerah lokal. Strategi yang tepat dalam pengembangan Usaha Ikan Salai Lele Bapak Ahmadin Margolang ini adalah Strategi Strenght- opportunities (SO), dimana srategi yang harus diterapkan adalah memanfaatkan kualitas dan tampilan menarik supaya tetap dapat di jadikan sebagai oleh-oleh makanan khas pekanbaru.
ALIANSI NASIONAL ANTI SYIAH (ANAS) DAN KEMBALINYA ORANG NU PASCA MASUK SYIAH DI PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Khalikin Ahsanul
Published: January 2020

Diperoleh    infomasi    bahwa    beberapa    aktivis NU dan santri di Probolinggo, Jawa Timur   meninggalkan   paham   keagamaan   ahlusunnah wal jamaah kemudian menjadi penganut  paham  syiah  Imamiyah.  Padahal pondok pesantren yang berafiliasi NU merupakan   tempat   pengkaderan   untuk   menggodok  kader-kader  NU  yang  akan  mewarisi  kepemimpinan  NU  pada  masa  yang  akan  datang.  Paper  ini  diangkat  dari  hasil    penelitian    dengan    menggunakan    pendekatan   kualitatif,   yang   secara   data   dikumpulkan    melalui    wawancara    dan    observasi.  Di dalamnya  dipaparkan  cukup  besar   peran   organisasi   Aliansi   Nasional   Anti  Syiah  (Anas)  dalam  mengembalikan  aktivis  NU  dan  santri  yang  sempat  masuk  Syiah untuk kembali ke ajaran Ahlussunnah Waljamaah.

Kata   kunci:  Gerakan   Syiah,   Hubungan   Antar   Komunitas,   Aliansi   Nasional   Anti   Syiah (ANAS)

 

Information  was  obtained  that  some  NU  (Nahdlatul  Ulama)  activists  and  students  in  Probolinggo,  East  Java  abandoned  the  religious   understanding   of   Ahlusunnah   wal  Jamaah  to  later  become  adherents  of  the  Imamiyah  Shi’ite  group.  Whereas  the boarding schools affiliated with NU is a cadre  for  boosting  NU  cadres  who  will  inherit  NU  leadership  in  the  future.  This  paper   is   based   on   qualitative   research findings, collected through interviews and  observations.  On  the  other  hand,  the  role  of  the  National  Anti-Shi’a  Alliance  (Anas)  was  presented  in  the  agreement  of  NU  activists  and  students  who  had  been  accepted in Shia to return to the teachings of Ahlussunnah Waljamaah.

Keywords:  Shi’a  Movement,  Community  Relations,   Anti-Shi’a   National   Alliance   (ANAS)
TEOLOGI AGAMA-AGAMA DI INDONESIA, MENELISIK PENGEMBANGAN DAN TANTANGANNYA
Authors: Gaspersz Steve , Souisa Nancy Novitra
Published: January 2020

Artikel ini membahas konteks sosial-budaya masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk sebagai arena berteologi kontekstual. Salah satu pokok masalah dalam kemajemukan sosio-budaya masyarakat Indonesia, terutama sejak masa kolonial hingga pascakolonial, adalah perjumpaan berbagai tradisi keagamaan baik religiositas lokal masyarakat nusantara maupun interaksi dengan dan/atau konversi menjadi agama-agama besar dari luar. Artikel ini tidak melakukan kajian dogmatis tetapi menggunakan dialektika teologi kontekstual dan teologi agama-agama dari sudut pandang Kristianitas. Perspektif teologi agama-agama digunakan untuk menguji secara dialektis eksperimentasi teologi kontekstual Kristen di Indonesia. Model “antropologis” Bevans dipilih sebagai lensa kajian sekaligus sebagai kritik terhadap tipologi tripolar (exclusivism-inclusivism-pluralism) yang diperkenalkan oleh Alan Race. Tiga konteks kewilayahan dan kebudayaan, yaitu Yogyakarta (Jawa Tengah), Bali (Bali) dan Tana Toraja (Sulawesi Selatan), digunakan sebagai basis pengalaman berteologi. Eksperimentasi dan elaborasi teologis berbasis pengalaman pada tiga konteks itu dimunculkan sebagai proses awal untuk menemukan postur teologi agama-agama yang khas dalam kebudayaan majemuk masyarakat Indonesia.

Kata kunci: teologi agama-agama, pluralitas sosio-budaya, identitas sosial

 

This article elaborates theological issues in socio-cultural context of Indonesian society as the arena for doing theology contextually. One main issue of socio-cultural plurality in Indonesia, primarily since the colonial up till post-colonial era, is about the encounter of various religious traditions either local community’s religiosity or interaction with and/or conversion into so-called world religions from outside. This article shall not conduct dogmatic exploration but using the dialectics of contextual theology and theology of religions from Christian viewpoints. Perspective of theology of religions shall be implemented firstly to examine an experimentation of Christian contextual theology in Indonesia. Bevans’ anthropological model has been chosen as the analytical lens as well as criticism against tripolar typology (exclusivism-inclusivism-pluralism) introduced by Alan Race. Three geographic and cultural contexts, namely Yogyakarta (Central Java), Bali (Bali) and Tana Toraja (South Sulawesi) are utilized as the basis for doing contextual theology. Experience-based of theological experimentation and elaboration in those three contexts have been constructed as the beginning process to discover a model of theology of religion in Indonesia.

Keywords: theology of religions, socio-cultural plurality, social identity
INTOLERANSI DAN RESISTENSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEMAJEMUKAN: STUDI KASUS KERUKUNAN BERAGAMA DI KOTA BOGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Haryani Elma
Published: January 2020

Kota   Bogor   yang   dikenal   sebagai   kota   penyangga Ibukota Indonesia berpenduduk dengan  beragam  kelompok  agama,  etnis,  dan   suku.   Keberagamannya   itu   kerap  menimbulkan konflik, seperti konflik penyegelan    Gereja    Kristen    Indonesia    (GKI)   Yasmin,   penutupan   pesantren   Ibn   Mas’ud, kekerasan dalam acara saur on the road,  kristenisasi  masyarakat  dan  ragam  kelompok agama yang memicu kekerasan. Kasus-kasus tersebut menjadikan kota Bogor mendapat   label   sebagai   kota   intoleran.   Penelitian   ini   menggunakan   pendekatan   kualitatif.  Dengan  analisa  the  power  of   identity dan The function of social conflict  tindakan intoleransi di kota Bogor diketahui sebabnya, yaitu karena pemahaman agama yang rigid dan statis, konflik biasanya dilakukan  oleh  sekelompok  massa.  Kota  Bogor  masih  memiliki  peluang  menjadi  kota   kerukunan,   dengan   adanya   desa   model    kerukunan    Pabuaran,    kegiatan    peace  train,  dan  peran  Forum  Kerukunan  Umat Beragama (FKUB).Kata 

Kunci:  Intoleransi,  Keberagaman,   Moderasi.

The city of Bogor is known as the buffer city of the capital of Indonesia, inhabited by a variety of religious, race and ethnic groups. Its diversity often leads to conflicts, such as the conflicts of the Indonesian Christian Church (GKI) Yasmin, the closing of Ibn Mas’ud  Pesantren,  violence  in  the  Sahur on the Road program (during Ramadan), Christianization of the community, and the  variety  of  religious  groups  that  trigger violence. These cases have made the city of  Bogor  labeled  as  an  intolerant  city.  This  study  uses  a  qualitative  approach, by analyzing the power of identity and the function of social conflict, the act of intolerance  in  the  city  of  Bogor  can  be traced its roots, namely because of the rigid  and  static  understanding  of  religion. Conflict is usually carried out by a group of masses. Bogor city still has the opportunity to became a city of harmony, with the existence of the Pabuaran harmony village model, peace train activities, and the role of the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB).

Keywords:  Intolerance, Diversity,  Moderation.
Pemanfaatan Ruang Bawah Tanah pada Bangunan Gedung Untuk Kepentingan Komersil
Authors: Agustina Dwi Wahyu , Nugraha Fajar
Published: January 2020

Pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah untuk kepentingan pendirian bangunan gedung akan lebih menguntungkan, karena pembangunan tersebut dapat dilakukan di bawah tanah yang bukan menjadi milik privat.

Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum yaitu  pengaturan ruang bawah tanah pada bangunan gedung belum diatur secara jelas, Ketidakjelasan itu tertuang dalam UU No. 28 Tahun 2002 Tentang Bangunan Gedung hanya menjelaskan penyelenggaraan prasarana dan sarana umum atau fasilitas lainya yang akan di bangun di atasnya atau di bawah bangunan gedung didirikan dengan izin penggunaan yang diberikan oleh instansi yang berwenang sehingga pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah pada bangunan gedung mengikuti fungsi bangunan dan pengelolaannya.

Peraturan bangunan gedung ini dengan jelas menerangkan bahwa dalam pembangunan bangunan gedung dapat dimanfaatkan untuk fasilitas umum dan/atau kepentingan umum sesuai dengan teknis dan fungsinya baik pembangunan yang berada di atas dan/atau di bawah tanah, dan dalam pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah untuk kepentingan komersil merupakan salah satu bentuk kontribusi pemerintah