bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Turkish Migration to Germany-Forty Years After
Authors: Çağlar Ayşe , Soysal Levent
Published: February 2016

2001 was the 40th Anniversary of Turkish Migration to Germany, marking four decades after the first Turkish workers began joining the ranks of Italian, Spaniard, and other migrant laborers coming north in search of employment from countries around the Mediterranean. The anniversary was celebrated with meetings, panel discussions, concerts, radio shows, and almost endless articles and editorials in newspapers. The highlight of the year, one might say, was “Turkish Day,” bringing Turkish immigrants from all over Germany to Berlin for a parade.
Turkish Youths in Berlin: Transnational Identification and Double Agency
Authors: Mannitz Sabine
Published: February 2016

Migration research has often stressed the adverse circumstances of Turkish immigrants living in Germany. The situation of the so-called second and third generations in particular has been seen as entailing a problematic double-bind of living “between two cultures.” In this scholarship, the image of such youth trapped in a structural culture conflict creates the impression that serious personal and emotional crises are an inevitable part of Turkish migrant youths' coming of age in Germany. Moreover, former guest workers and their families have been treated with a less than hospitable attitude insofar as efforts to facilitate their incorporation, for example, by way of the German legal system. Although the hiring of foreign laborers undeniably contributed to the economic and social recovery of West Germany after National Socialism and World War II, immigration has never been treated as a favorable option in German politics. The project of hiring laborers from abroad on a temporary basis gradually developed intode factoimmigration, unintended on the part of both Germans and Turks. The resulting demographic multi-nationalization has not (yet), however, become a self-evident ingredient of the Germanconsciencecollective (Schiffauer, 1993, pp. 195-98). The very ambivalence of this situation influences the prevalent conceptualizations of the various social groups, as the following brief account illustrates.
Historicizing the Present and Problematizing the Future of the Kurdish Problem: A Critique of the TOBB Report on the Eastern Question
Authors: Sakallıoğlu Ümit Cizre
Published: February 2016

The role of conflict has been integral to the state and nation formation in Turkey since the inception of the Republic in 1923. Faced with the twin tasks of democratic legitimacy and maintaining control, or security and civil-centered politics, the state has historically opted for authority and control. Ironically enough, while Republican politics has emphasized unity and uniformity to limit diversity and conflict caused by class, ethnicity and Islam, the result has been the opposite. So much so that the present conflict between the state and the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), which has cost nearly fourteen thousand lives since 1984, has reached an abysmal point: “in the end Turkey's victory may be a Pyrrhic one. If the conflict continues without exploration of other avenues, it will most likely jeopardize Turkey's relations with Europe and the United States” (Brown 1995, p. 128). Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that Kurdish nationalism is not just a simple expression of discontent and opposition but also a challenge to the very premises on which the Turkish nation-state has been built. In that sense, the resolution of the Kurdish “problem” is of concern not only to the Kurdish population of the Republic, but involves the future shape and substance of the Turkish state and society in their entirety as well.
The Memoirs of Halıde edıb (1884-1964): The Public Persona and the Personal Narrative
Authors: Lapidot-Firilla Anat
Published: February 2016

On 23 May 1919, a large crowd gathered in Sultan Ahmet Square in the center of Istanbul. Facing them was one of the most famous female figures of modern Turkish history. Since that day, the gathering has come to symbolize the call by the masses for change in the structure of authority and their protest against the 15 May occupation of Izmir by Greek expeditionary forces. Not only has this gathering taken on a mythical aura, but so has the image of Halide Edib, the woman who faced the crowd that day.
European Union Enlargement and Power Distribution in the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament: The Case of the Turkish Application
Authors: Aleskerov Fuad , Avcı Gamze , Türem Z. Umut
Published: February 2016

Critics of European Union (EU) enlargement claim that new members could pose a serious challenge to the existing institutional balances within the EU and endanger future institutional deepening. Together with various enlargements since its inception in 1958, the EU has gone through numerous institutional changes that increasingly reflect its supranational character, although the European Community still contains intergovernmental elements. The most important dimension, which has evolved in this evolutionary process of the EU institutions, is the fine balance between small and large member states in terms of representation and power distribution. This is reflected, for example, in the European Commission, where the ten (relatively) small states are apportioned one commissioner and the remaining five large states two commissioners each.
On a storage allocation model with finite capacity
Authors: SOHN EUNJU , KNESSL CHARLES
Published: February 2016

We consider a storage allocation model with a finite number of storage spaces. There are m primary spaces that are ranked {1,2,. . .,m} and R secondary spaces ranked {m + 1, m + 2,. . .,m + R}. Items arrive according to a Poisson process, occupy a space for a random exponentially distributed time, and an arriving item takes the lowest ranked available space. Letting N1 and N2 denote the numbers of occupied primary and secondary spaces, we study the joint distribution Prob[N1 = k, N2 = r] in the steady state. The joint process (N1, N2) behaves as a random walk in a lattice rectangle. We shall obtain explicit expressions for the distribution of (N1, N2), as well as the marginal distribution of N2. We also give some numerical studies to illustrate the qualitative behaviors of the distribution(s). The main contribution is to study the effects of a finite secondary capacity R, whereas previous studies had R = ∞.
Differential effects of a high-fat diet on serum lipid parameters and ovarian gene expression in young and aged female mice
Authors: Garcia Driele Neske , Prietsch Lígia Antunes , Rincón Joao Alveiro Alvarado , Moreira Iraê de Lima , Valle Sandra Costa , Barros Carlos Castilho , Helbig Elizabete , Corrêa Marcio Nunes , Schneider Augusto
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to compare serum lipid profiles and ovarian gene expression between aged and younger female mice fed a control or a high-fat diet for 2 months. For this 16 female mice (C57BL/6) of 4 months (Young, n = 8) or 13 months (Old, n = 8) of age were used. The females were divided into four groups: (i) young females fed a normal diet; (ii) young females fed a high-fat diet; (iii) old females fed a normal diet; and (iv) old females fed a high-fat diet. Food intake was reduced (P < 0.05) in mice fed with a high-fat (2.9 ± 0.1 g) diet in comparison with control mice (3.9 ± 0.1 g). Body weight was higher for old females on the high-fat diet (35.1 ± 0.3 g) than for young females on the same diet (23.3 ± 0.4 g; P < 0.05). PON1 activity was lower in the high-fat than control diet group (114.3 ± 5.8 vs. 78.1 ± 6.0 kU/L, respectively) and was higher in older than younger females (85.9 ± 6.4 vs. 106.5 ± 5.3; P < 0.05, respectively). Females fed a high-fat diet had lower expression of Igf1 mRNA (P = 0.04). There was an interaction between age and diet for the expression of Gdf9 and Survivin, with lower expression in older females in both diets and young females that received the high-fat diet (P < 0.05). Concluding, the high-fat diet reduced the expression of ovarian Igf1 mRNA, and Gdf9 and Survivin mRNA in younger females, which can indicate lower fertility rates. High-density lipoprotein concentration and PON1 activity were higher in aged female mice.
Lichen biomarkers upon heating: a Raman spectroscopic study with implications for extra-terrestrial exploration
Authors: Miralles I. , Capel Ferrón C. , Hernández V. , López-Navarrete J. T. , Jorge-Villar S. E.
Published: February 2016

Lithopanspermia Theory has suggested that life was transferred among planets by meteorites and other rocky bodies. If the planet had an atmosphere, this transfer of life had to survive drastic temperature changes in a very short time in its entry or exit. Only organisms able to endure such a temperature range could colonize a planet from outer space. Many experiments are being carried out by NASA and European Space Agency to understand which organisms were able to survive and how. Among the suite of instruments designed for extraplanetary exploration, particularly for Mars surface exploration, a Raman spectrometer was selected with the main objective of looking for life signals. Among all attributes, Raman spectroscopy is able to identify organic and inorganic compounds, either pure or in admixture, without requiring sample manipulation. In this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to examine the lichen Squamarina lentigera biomarkers. We analyse spectral signature changes after sample heating under different experimental situations, such as (a) laser, (b) analysis accumulations over the same spot and (c) environmental temperature increase. Our goal is to evaluate the capability of Raman spectroscopy to identify unambiguously life markers even if heating has induced spectral changes, reflecting biomolecular transformations. Usnic acid, chlorophyll, carotene and calcium oxalates were identified by the Raman spectra. From our experiments, we have seen that usnic acid, carotene and calcium oxalates (the last two have been suggested to be good biomarkers) respond in a different way to environmental heating. Our main conclusion is that despite their abundance in nature or their inorganic composition the resistance to heat makes some molecules more suitable than others as biomarkers.
Idiopathische Lungenfibrose – Pathogenese und therapeutische Konzepte
Authors: Hostettler Katrin
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die idiopathische Lungenfibrose (= idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis = IPF) ist die häufigste aller idiopathischen interstitiellen Pneumopathien, charakterisiert durch eine langsam progrediente Zerstörung des Lungenparenchyms und eine hohe Mortalität. Die Pathogenese der IPF ist nicht vollständig geklärt, jedoch scheint ein komplexes Zusammenspiel zwischen schädigenden Umweltfaktoren, wie Rauchen oder viralen Infektionen, und einer genetischen Prädisposition Voraussetzung für die Entstehung und Progression dieser Erkrankung zu sein. Wiederholte, multi-fokale Schädigungen des Alveolarepithels und eine überschiessende, unkontrollierte Wundheilung nehmen eine Schlüsselfunktion in der IPF-Pathogenese ein. Der Alveolarschaden führt zu einer Aktivierung der umliegenden Fibroblasten mit vermehrter Proliferation und Kollagen-Sekretion und konsekutiver Fibrosierung des Lungengewebes. Dementsprechend fokussieren sich aktuelle therapeutische Ansätze auf anti-fibrotische Wirkstoffe, welche die Vermehrung und Matrix-Produktion der Fibroblasten hemmen, respektive pro-fibrotische Wachstumsfaktoren antagonisieren.
Migräne – Grundlagen und Therapie einer Volkskrankheit
Authors: Huggenberger Kai , Raudyte Egle , Sándor Peter S. , Gantenbein Andreas R.
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Kopfschmerzen sind ein häufiger Grund für hausärztliche Konsultationen. Typischerweise sind Migräneschmerzen pulsierend, die Alltagsaktivitäten stark einschränkend. Bei etwa 15 % der Patienten tritt zusätzlich eine Aura auf. Eine erfolgversprechende Migränebehandlung setzt sich aus nicht-pharmakologischen Massnahmen, Akutbehandlung und einer allfälligen medikamentösen prophylaktischen Behandlung zusammen. Nicht-pharmakologische Massnahmen zielen unter anderem auf Lebensgewohnheiten ab, wie regelmässiger Schlaf und Entspannung, regelmässige Essenszeiten, ausreichende Bewegung, Umgang mit Stress. Zur Akutbehandlung werden Nicht-Opioid-Analgetika, eventuell in Kombination mit Antiemetika, eingesetzt oder auch migränespezifische Medikamente (Triptane). Das Spektrum der medikamentösen Migräneprophylaxe ist breit. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll, individuell ein passendes und gut verträgliches Medikament zu finden.
Soil Crusts Play a Dual Role in Desertification
Authors: Strelich Lily
Published: February 2016

Rain falling on bare soil can form a hard crust that prevents further infiltration. But do these crusts worsen land degradation or help to prevent it?
Two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer molecules on metal nanoparticle surfaces
Authors: Li Jiebo , Qian Huifeng , Chen Hailong , Zhao Zhun , Yuan Kaijun , Chen Guangxu , Miranda Andrea , Guo Xunmin , Chen Yajing , Zheng Nanfeng , Wong Michael S. , Zheng Junrong
Published: February 2016

Energy migrations at metal nanomaterial surfaces are fundamentally important to heterogeneous reactions. Here we report two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer adsorbate molecules on differently sized metal nanoparticle surfaces investigated with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy. On a 5 nm platinum particle, within a few picoseconds the vibrational energy of a carbon monoxide adsorbate rapidly dissipates into the particle through electron/hole pair excitations, generating heat that quickly migrates on surface. In contrast, the lack of vibration-electron coupling on approximately 1 nm particles results in vibrational energy migration among adsorbates that occurs on a twenty times slower timescale. Further investigations reveal that the rapid carbon monoxide energy relaxation is also affected by the adsorption sites and the nature of the metal but to a lesser extent. These findings reflect the dependence of electron/vibration coupling on the metallic nature, size and surface site of nanoparticles and its significance in mediating energy relaxations and migrations on nanoparticle surfaces.
Thermal equation of state of Molybdenum determined from in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction with laser-heated diamond anvil cells
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Li Fangfei , Zhou Qiang , Meng Yue , Litasov Konstantin D. , Wang Xin , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: February 2016

Here we report that the equation of state (EOS) of Mo is obtained by an integrated technique of laser-heated DAC and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The cold compression and thermal expansion of Mo have been measured up to 80 GPa at 300 K and 92 GPa at 3470 K, respectively. The P-V-T data have been treated with both thermodynamic and Mie–Grüneisen-Debye methods for the thermal EOS inversion. The results are self-consistent and in agreement with the static multi-anvil compression data of Litasov et al. (J. Appl. Phys. 113, 093507 (2013)) and the theoretical data of Zeng et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 298 (2010)). These high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) data with high precision firstly complement and close the gap between the resistive heating and the shock compression experiment.
Longitudinal spin separation of light and its performance in three-dimensionally controllable spin-dependent focal shift
Authors: Liu Sheng , Li Peng , Zhang Yi , Gan Xuetao , Wang Meirong , Zhao Jianlin
Published: February 2016

Spin Hall effect of light, which is normally explored as a transverse spin-dependent separation of a light beam, has attracted enormous research interests. However, it seems there is no indication for the existence of the longitudinal spin separation of light. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize the spin separation along the propagation direction by modulating the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase. Due to the spin-dependent divergence and convergence determined by the PB phase, a focused Gaussian beam could split into two opposite spin states and focuses at different distances, representing the longitudinal spin separation. By combining this longitudinal spin separation with the transverse one, we experimentally achieve the controllable spin-dependent focal shift in three dimensional space. This work provides new insight on steering the spin photons and is expected to explore novel applications of optical trapping, manipulating and micromachining with higher degree of freedom.
A minimal conformational switching-dependent model for amyloid self-assembly
Authors: Ranganathan Srivastav , Ghosh Dhiman , Maji Samir K , Padinhateeri Ranjith
Published: February 2016

Amyloid formation is associated with various pathophysiological conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as many useful functions. The hallmark of amyloid assemblies is a conformational transition of the constituent proteins into a β - sheet rich filament. Accounting for this conformational transition in amyloidogenic proteins, we develop an analytically solvable model that can probe the dynamics of an ensemble of single filaments. Using the theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we show the presence of two kinetic regimes for the growth of a self-assembling filament – switching-dependent and –independent growth regimes. We observe a saturation in fibril elongation velocities at higher concentrations in the first regime, providing a novel explanation to the concentration-independence of growth velocities observed experimentally. We also compute the length fluctuation of the filaments to characterize aggregate heterogeneity. From the early velocities and length fluctuation, we propose a novel way of estimating the conformational switching rate. Our theory predicts a kinetic phase diagram that has three distinct phases – short oligomers/monomers, disordered aggregates and β -rich filaments. The model also predicts the force generation potential and the intermittent growth of amyloid fibrils evident from single molecular experiments. Our model could contribute significantly to the physical understanding of amyloid aggregation.
The coevolution of overconfidence and bluffing in the resource competition game
Authors: Li Kun , Szolnoki Attila , Cong Rui , Wang Long
Published: February 2016

Resources are often limited, therefore it is essential how convincingly competitors present their claims for them. Beside a player’s natural capacity, here overconfidence and bluffing may also play a decisive role and influence how to share a restricted reward. While bluff provides clear, but risky advantage, overconfidence, as a form of self-deception, could be harmful to its user. Still, it is a long-standing puzzle why these potentially damaging biases are maintained and evolving to a high level in the human society. Within the framework of evolutionary game theory, we present a simple version of resource competition game in which the coevolution of overconfidence and bluffing is fundamental, which is capable to explain their prevalence in structured populations. Interestingly, bluffing seems apt to evolve to higher level than corresponding overconfidence and in general the former is less resistant to punishment than the latter. Moreover, topological feature of the social network plays an intricate role in the spreading of overconfidence and bluffing. While the heterogeneity of interactions facilitates bluffing, it also increases efficiency of adequate punishment against overconfident behavior. Furthermore, increasing the degree of homogeneous networks can trigger similar effect. We also observed that having high real capability may accommodate both bluffing ability and overconfidence simultaneously.
Ion-shaping of embedded gold hollow nanoshells into vertically aligned prolate morphologies
Authors: Coulon Pierre-Eugéne , Amici Julia , Clochard Marie-Claude , Khomenkov Vladimir , Dufour Christian , Monnet Isabelle , Grygiel Clara , Perruchas Sandrine , Ulysse Christian , Largeau Ludovic , Rizza Giancarlo
Published: February 2016

Ion beam shaping is a novel technique with which one can shape nano-structures that are embedded in a matrix, while simultaneously imposing their orientation in space. In this work, we demonstrate that the ion-shaping technique can be implemented successfully to engineer the morphology of hollow metallic spherical particles embedded within a silica matrix. The outer diameter of these particles ranges between 20 and 60 nm and their shell thickness between 3 and 14 nm. Samples have been irradiated with 74 MeV Kr ions at room temperature and for increasing fluences up to 3.8 × 1014 cm−2. In parallel, the experimental results have been theoretically simulated by using a three-dimensional code based on the thermal-spike model. These calculations show that the particles undergo a partial melting during the ion impact, and that the amount of molten phase is maximal when the impact is off-center, hitting only one hemisphere of the hollow nano-particle. We suggest a deformation scenario which differs from the one that is generally proposed for solid nano-particles. Finally, these functional materials can be seen as building blocks for the fabrication of nanodevices with really three-dimensional architecture.
A simple method for the production of large volume 3D macroporous hydrogels for advanced biotechnological, medical and environmental applications
Authors: Savina Irina N. , Ingavle Ganesh C. , Cundy Andrew B. , Mikhalovsky Sergey V.
Published: February 2016

The development of bulk, three-dimensional (3D), macroporous polymers with high permeability, large surface area and large volume is highly desirable for a range of applications in the biomedical, biotechnological and environmental areas. The experimental techniques currently used are limited to the production of small size and volume cryogel material. In this work we propose a novel, versatile, simple and reproducible method for the synthesis of large volume porous polymer hydrogels by cryogelation. By controlling the freezing process of the reagent/polymer solution, large-scale 3D macroporous gels with wide interconnected pores (up to 200 μm in diameter) and large accessible surface area have been synthesized. For the first time, macroporous gels (of up to 400 ml bulk volume) with controlled porous structure were manufactured, with potential for scale up to much larger gel dimensions. This method can be used for production of novel 3D multi-component macroporous composite materials with a uniform distribution of embedded particles. The proposed method provides better control of freezing conditions and thus overcomes existing drawbacks limiting production of large gel-based devices and matrices. The proposed method could serve as a new design concept for functional 3D macroporous gels and composites preparation for biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications.
Interaction of EGFR to δ-catenin leads to δ-catenin phosphorylation and enhances EGFR signaling
Authors: He Yongfeng , Ryu Taeyong , Shrestha Nensi , Yuan Tingting , Kim Hangun , Shrestha Hridaya , Cho Young-Chang , Seo Young-Woo , Song Woo Keun , Kim Kwonseop
Published: February 2016

Expression of δ-catenin reportedly increases during late stage prostate cancer. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that expression of EGFR is enhanced in hormone refractory prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the possible correlation between EGFR and δ-catenin in prostate cancer cells. We found that EGFR interacted with δ-catenin and the interaction decreased in the presence of EGF. We also demonstrated that, on one hand, EGFR phosphorylated δ-catenin in a Src independent manner in the presence of EGF and on the other hand, δ-catenin enhanced protein stability of EGFR and strengthened the EGFR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Our findings added a new perspective to the interaction of EGFR to the E-cadherin complex. They also provided novel insights to the roles of δ-catenin in prostate cancer cells.
Photoacoustic monitoring of tumor and normal tissue response to radiation
Authors: Rich Laurie J. , Seshadri Mukund
Published: February 2016

Hypoxia is a recognized characteristic of tumors that influences efficacy of radiotherapy (RT). Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a relatively new imaging technique that exploits the optical characteristics of hemoglobin to provide information on tissue oxygenation. In the present study, PAI based measures of tumor oxygen saturation (%sO2) were compared to oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of longitudinal relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1) and ex-vivo histology in patient derived xenograft (PDX) models of head and neck cancer. PAI was utilized to assess early changes (24 h) in %sO2 following RT and chemoRT (CRT) and to assess changes in salivary gland hemodynamics following radiation. A significant increase in tumor %sO2 and R1 was observed following oxygen inhalation. Good spatial correlation was observed between PAI, MRI and histology. An early increase in %sO2 after RT and CRT detected by PAI was associated with significant tumor growth inhibition. Twenty four hours after RT, PAI also detected loss of hemodynamic response to gustatory stimulation in murine salivary gland tissue suggestive of radiation-induced vascular damage. Our observations illustrate the utility of PAI in detecting tumor and normal tissue hemodynamic response to radiation in head and neck cancers.
Early malnutrition results in long-lasting impairments in pattern-separation for overlapping novel object and novel location memories and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Pérez-García Georgina , Guzmán-Quevedo Omar , Da Silva Aragão Raquel , Bolaños-Jiménez Francisco
Published: February 2016

Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that malnutrition during in utero development and/or childhood induces long-lasting learning disabilities and enhanced susceptibility to develop psychiatric disorders. However, animal studies aimed to address this question have yielded inconsistent results due to the use of learning tasks involving negative or positive reinforces that interfere with the enduring changes in emotional reactivity and motivation produced by in utero and neonatal malnutrition. Consequently, the mechanisms underlying the learning deficits associated with malnutrition in early life remain unknown. Here we implemented a behavioural paradigm based on the combination of the novel object recognition and the novel object location tasks to define the impact of early protein-restriction on the behavioural, cellular and molecular basis of memory processing. Adult rats born to dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation, exhibited impaired encoding and consolidation of memory resulting from impaired pattern separation. This learning deficit was associated with reduced production of newly born hippocampal neurons and down regulation of BDNF gene expression. These data sustain the existence of a causal relationship between early malnutrition and impaired learning in adulthood and show that decreased adult neurogenesis is associated to the cognitive deficits induced by childhood exposure to poor nutrition.
Carbon storage in Chinese grassland ecosystems: Influence of different integrative methods
Authors: Ma Anna , He Nianpeng , Yu Guirui , Wen Ding , Peng Shunlei
Published: February 2016

The accurate estimate of grassland carbon (C) is affected by many factors at the large scale. Here, we used six methods (three spatial interpolation methods and three grassland classification methods) to estimate C storage of Chinese grasslands based on published data from 2004 to 2014, and assessed the uncertainty resulting from different integrative methods. The uncertainty (coefficient of variation, CV, %) of grassland C storage was approximately 4.8% for the six methods tested, which was mainly determined by soil C storage. C density and C storage to the soil layer depth of 100 cm were estimated to be 8.46 ± 0.41 kg C m−2 and 30.98 ± 1.25 Pg C, respectively. Ecosystem C storage was composed of 0.23 ± 0.01 (0.7%) above-ground biomass, 1.38 ± 0.14 (4.5%) below-ground biomass, and 29.37 ± 1.2 (94.8%) Pg C in the 0–100 cm soil layer. Carbon storage calculated by the grassland classification methods (18 grassland types) was closer to the mean value than those calculated by the spatial interpolation methods. Differences in integrative methods may partially explain the high uncertainty in C storage estimates in different studies. This first evaluation demonstrates the importance of multi-methodological approaches to accurately estimate C storage in large-scale terrestrial ecosystems.
One-way helical electromagnetic wave propagation supported by magnetized plasma
Authors: Yang Biao , Lawrence Mark , Gao Wenlong , Guo Qinghua , Zhang Shuang
Published: February 2016

In this paper we reveal the presence of photonic one-way helical surface states in a simple natural system- magnetized plasma. The application of an external magnetic field to a bulk plasma body not only breaks time-reversal-symmetry but also leads to separation of Equi-Frequency Contour surfaces (EFCs) to form topologically nontrivial gaps in k space. Interestingly, these EFCs support topologically protected surface states. We numerically investigate an interface between magnetized plasma, using a realistic model for parameter dispersion and vacuum, to confirm the existence of one-way scatter-immune helical surface states. Unlike previous proposals for achieving photonic one-way propagation, our scheme does not require the use of artificial structures and should therefore be simple to implement experimentally.
Trace analysis of multi-class pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal health wines using gas chromatography with electron capture detection
Authors: Kong Wei-Jun , Liu Qiu-Tao , Kong Dan-Dan , Liu Qian-Zhen , Ma Xin-Ping , Yang Mei-Hua
Published: February 2016

A method is described for multi-residue, high-throughput determination of trace levels of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 5 pyrethroid pesticides (PYPs) in Chinese medicinal (CM) health wines using a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) based extraction method and gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Several parameters were optimized to improve preparation and separation time while still maintaining high sensitivity. Validation tests of spiked samples showed good linearities for 27 pesticides (R = 0.9909–0.9996) over wide concentration ranges. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were measured at ng/L levels, 0.06–2 ng/L and 0.2–6 ng/L for OCPs and 0.02–3 ng/L and 0.06–7 ng/L for PYPs, respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision tests showed variations of 0.65–9.89% for OCPs and 0.98–13.99% for PYPs, respectively. Average recoveries were in the range of 47.74–120.31%, with relative standard deviations below 20%. The developed method was then applied to analyze 80 CM wine samples. Beta-BHC (Benzene hexachloride) was the most frequently detected pesticide at concentration levels of 5.67–31.55 mg/L, followed by delta-BHC, trans-chlordane, gamma-BHC, and alpha-BHC. The validated method is simple and economical, with adequate sensitivity for trace levels of multi-class pesticides. It could be adopted by laboratories for this and other types of complex matrices analysis.
Detection of preperimetric glaucoma using Bruch membrane opening, neural canal and posterior pole asymmetry analysis of optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hua Rui , Gangwani Rita , Guo Lei , McGhee Sarah , Ma Xiaoli , Li Jun , Yao Kai
Published: February 2016

We analysed retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects in eyes with normal circumpapillary RNFL (cpRNFL) thickness using posterior pole asymmetry analysis (PPAA) and investigated the parameters of Bruch membrane opening (BMO) and neural canals using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SDOCT). A total of 112 preperimetric glaucomatous eyes of 92 patients were examined to obtain cpRNFL thickness using SD-OCT. Posterior pole asymmetry analysis (PPAA) and central cross-sectional images of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained using EDI-SDOCT. Minimal and horizontal distances between the BMO and ONH surfaces (BMOM, BMOH) and the terminal of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ONH surfaces (RPEM, RPEH) were measured. The distribution of the absolute black cells in PPAA was more concentrated in eyes with “U”-shaped neural canals (p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ratio of RPEM to RPEH (RPE-R, 0.771 ± 0.08) was significantly larger than the ratio of BMOM to BMOH (BMO-R, 0.719 ± 0.009) for PPAA results. A U-shaped neural canal, lower ratio of RPEM to RPEH, and lower ratio of BMOM to BMOH were considered early indicators of RNFL defects in preperimetric glaucomatous eyes with normal cpRNFL.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 3A inhibits the interferon-β signaling pathway
Authors: Li Dan , Lei Caoqi , Xu Zhisheng , Yang Fan , Liu Huanan , Zhu Zixiang , Li Shu , Liu Xiangtao , Shu Hongbing , Zheng Haixue
Published: February 2016

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD, which affects cloven-hoofed animals. The pathophysiology of FMDV has not been fully understood and the evasion of host innate immune system is still unclear. Here, the FMDV non-structural protein 3A was identified as a negative regulator of virus-triggered IFN-β signaling pathway. Overexpression of the FMDV 3A inhibited Sendai virus-triggered activation of IRF3 and the expressions of RIG-I/MDA5. Transient transfection and co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that FMDV 3A interacts with RIG-I, MDA5 and VISA, which is dependent on the N-terminal 51 amino acids of 3A. Furthermore, 3A also inhibited the expressions of RIG-I, MDA5 and VISA by disrupting their mRNA levels. These results demonstrated that 3A inhibits the RLR-mediated IFN-β induction and uncovered a novel mechanism by which the FMDV 3A protein evades the host innate immune system.
A highly sensitive colorimetric metalloimmunoassay based on copper-mediated etching of gold nanorods
Authors: Cheng Fangbin , Chen Zhaopeng , Zhang Zhiyang , Chen Lingxin
Published: February 2016

A highly sensitive colorimetric metalloimmunoassay based on copper-mediated etching of gold nanorods was developed.
Classification of jaboticaba fruits at three maturity stages using NIRS and LDA
Authors: Costa Rosangela Câmara , Cunha Junior Luis C. , Morgenstern Thayara Bittencourt , Henrique de Almeida Teixeira Gustavo , Gomes de Lima Kássio Michell
Published: February 2016

This study proposes a rapid and non-destructive method of jaboticaba [Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg] fruit classification at three maturity stages using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA).
Comment on “Virtues and limitations of Pittsburgh green for ozone detection” by C. C. Beltrán, E. A. Palmer, B. R. Buckley and F. Iza, Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 1579
Authors: Basu Upamanyu , Koide Kazunori
Published: February 2016

Ozonolysis of Pittsburgh Green homoallyl ether was studied in detail under various reaction conditions.
Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over Pt nanoparticles supported on nanocrystalline CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Singha Rajib Kumar , Ghosh Shilpi , Acharyya Shankha Subhra , Yadav Aditya , Shukla Astha , Sasaki Takehiko , Venezia Anna Maria , Pendem Chandrashekar , Bal Rajaram
Published: February 2016

Pt-nanoparticles supported on CeO2 have been prepared by a post synthesis method (Pt–CeO2PS).
Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal mucosal injury, metabolism and intestinal microbiota disorders in mice
Authors: Xie Jun-Hua , Fan Song-Tao , Nie Shao-Ping , Yu Qiang , Xiong Tao , Gong Deming , Xie Ming-Yong
Published: February 2016

Lactobacillus plantarumNCU116 promotes intestinal health by improving intestinal mucosal structure, metabolism and intestinal microbiota.
Pd(ii) pincer type complex catalyzed tandem C–H and N–H activation of acetanilide in aqueous media: a concise access to functionalized carbazoles in a single step
Authors: Arumugam Vignesh , Kaminsky Werner , Nallasamy Dharmaraj
Published: February 2016

NNO Pincer type Pd(ii) complex catalyzed one-pot synthesis of N-acetylcarbazoles in aqueous media is presented.
Synthesis of Ni/mesoporous ZSM-5 for direct catalytic conversion of cellulose to hexitols: modulating the pore structure and acidic sites via a nanocrystalline cellulose template
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Xiaoru , Wu Qifan , Zhang Chao , Yu Yancun , Lan Mingli , Wei Xing , Ying Zhong , Liu Tong , Liang Guanfeng , Zhao Fengyu
Published: February 2016

Direct conversion of cellulose to hexitols with high yields was achieved over NCC-templated Ni/mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts.
Recent developments in nanowires for bio-applications from molecular to cellular levels
Authors: Rahong Sakon , Yasui Takao , Kaji Noritada , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: February 2016

This review highlights the most promising applications of nanowires for bioanalytical chemistry and medical diagnostics.
Doubly-dynamic-covalent polymers composed of oxime and oxanorbornene links
Authors: Mukherjee Soma , Brooks William. L. A. , Dai Yuqiong , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: February 2016

Two sets of reversible covalent linkages distributed in series along a polymer backbone were used to prepare a new class of doubly dynamic-covalent polymers capable of reversibly dissociatingviatwo distinct pathways.
Cut-and-stack nanofiber paper toward fast transient energy storage
Authors: Liu Zhen , Fu Kun , Wang Zhengyang , Zhu Yujie , Wan Jiayu , Yao Yonggang , Dai Jiaiqi , Kim Myeongseob , Swafford Laura , Wang Chunsheng , Hu Liangbing
Published: February 2016

Transient technology allows a device to disappear upon application of an external trigger.
Self-assembly of pH-responsive dextran-g-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-histidine copolymer micelles for intracellular delivery of paclitaxel and its antitumor activity
Authors: Zhang Jiulong , Chen Kang , Ding Ying , Xin Xiu , Li Wenpan , Zhang Mengjun , Hu Haiyang , Qiao Mingxi , Zhao Xiuli , Chen Dawei
Published: February 2016

Herein, dextran (DX) was conjugated with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and histidine (His) to prepare a pH-responsive nanocarrier, dextran-g-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-histidine (HDP) micelles, for the delivery of antitumor drugs.
Synthesis of ketoxime-functionalized Fe3O4@C core–shell magnetic microspheres for enhanced uranium(vi) removal
Authors: Liu Qi , Li Wenting , Zhao Wei , Tan Lichao , Jing Xiaoyan , Liu Jingyuan , Song Dalei , Zhang Hongsen , Li Rumin , Liu Lianhe , Wang Jun
Published: February 2016

Ketoxime-functionalized carbon coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@C–KO) was synthesized and characterized. The adsorption property of uranium was also investigated.
Synthesis of α-aminophosphonates using a mesoporous silica catalyst produced from sugarcane bagasse ash
Authors: Boza Arthur F. , Kupfer Vicente L. , Oliveira Aline R. , Radovanovic Eduardo , Rinaldi Andrelson W. , Meneguin Joziane G. , Domingues Nelson L. C. , Moisés Murilo P. , Favaro Silvia L.
Published: February 2016

A new green synthesis route is proposed for obtaining a mesoporous material using sugarcane bagasse ash as the silica source.
Synthesis, characterization, photophysical, thermal and electrical properties of composite of polyaniline with zinc bis(8-hydroxyquinolate): a potent composite for electronic and optoelectronic use
Authors: Rafiqi Ferooze Ahmad , Majid Kowsar
Published: February 2016

A novel fluorescent as well as conducting composite of polyaniline with zinc bis(8-hydroxyquinolate) complex, prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization method.
Electrochemical and surface evaluation of the anti-corrosion properties of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Ghahfarokhi Zahra Shams , Yazdi Ebrahim Ghiamati
Published: February 2016

Herein, reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGON) were electrochemically grown onto a carbon steel alloy from graphene oxide (GO)​ and the anti-corrosion performance of the RGON-deposited layers was evaluated.
Sorption mechanism(s) of orthophosphate onto Ca(OH)2pretreated bentonite
Authors: Markou Giorgos , Inglezakis Vassilis J. , Mitrogiannis Dimitris , Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Psychoyou Maria , Koutsovitis Petros , Muylaert Koenraad , Baziotis Ioannis
Published: February 2016

Bentonite was chemically pretreated with Ca(OH)2to enhance orthophosphate phosphorus (OPP) sorption capacity (qe).
Optical control of neuronal firing via photoinduced electron transfer in donor–acceptor conjugates
Authors: Takano Yuta , Numata Tomohiro , Fujishima Kazuto , Miyake Kazuaki , Nakao Kazuya , Grove Wesley David , Inoue Ryuji , Kengaku Mineko , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Mori Yasuo , Murakami Tatsuya , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: February 2016

A rationally designed donor–acceptor conjugate efficiently generates a photoinduced charge-separated state in a cellular environment, achieving photoinduction of neuronal firing.
An integrated nanoplatform for theranostics via multifunctional core–shell ferrite nanocubes
Authors: Wang Li , Yan Yuping , Wang Min , Yang Hong , Zhou Zhiguo , Peng Chen , Yang Shiping
Published: February 2016

A novel integrated nanoplatform facilitates excellent targeted MR imaging guided synergism of magnetothermal and chemotherapy based on magnetic core–shell ferrite nanocubes (MNCs).
Morphology-controlled mesoporous SiO2 nanorods for efficient scaffolds in organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lee Kisu , Yoon Chang-Min , Noh Jungchul , Jang Jyongsik
Published: February 2016

This communication describes 1D mesoporous silica nanoparticles that were successfully used as scaffolds to enhance the electron extraction from the perovskite absorber layer to the working electrode.
Enhanced resistance to oxidative decomposition of aqueous electrolytes for aqueous lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Miyazaki Kohei , Shimada Toshiki , Ito Satomi , Yokoyama Yuko , Fukutsuka Tomokazu , Abe Takeshi
Published: February 2016

An efficient electrolyte solution containing organic sulfonates with a wide electrochemical potential window for use in aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
High photo-currents with a zwitterionic thiocyanate-free dye in aqueous-based dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Fayad Remi , Shoker Tharallah A. , Ghaddar Tarek H.
Published: February 2016

A zwitterionic dye shows high photocurrent and incident photon to current efficiency in water based dye sensitized solar cells.
Molecular separations with breathing metal–organic frameworks: modelling packed bed adsorbers
Authors: Van Assche Tom R. C. , Baron Gino V. , Denayer Joeri F. M.
Published: February 2016

This work proposes a general strategy to model the adsorption behavior of phase changing metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents during column separations.
Highly polar solvent-induced disproportionation of a cationic Pt(ii)–diimine complex containing an o-semiquinonato
Authors: Yamada Shota , Matsumoto Takeshi , Wakizaka Masanori , Chang Ho-Chol
Published: February 2016

The unprecedented disproportionation of [PtII(3,5-DTBSQ)(DTBbpy)]+PF6− in highly polar solvents, DMSO and DMF, was elucidated for the first time.
Iron(iii)-catalyzed aerobic dioxygenation of styrenes using N-hydroxyphthalimide and N-hydroxybenzotriazole
Authors: Bag Raghunath , Sar Dinabandhu , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: February 2016

The dioxygenation of alkenes with NHPI/HOBt in air is described using commercial iron salt as the catalyst under ambient conditions with a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. The products can be readily converted into the corresponding 1,2-diols in high yields.
Novel soluble polyimides containing pyridine and fluorinated units: preparation, characterization, and optical and dielectric properties
Authors: Dong Weibing , Guan Yue , Shang Dejing
Published: February 2016

To acquire low dielectric constant polyimide films with good mechanical and thermal properties and low CTE applied in microelectronic fields, three novel polyimides containing pyridine and –C(CF3)2– groups were firstly designed and synthesized.
The environmental impact of unsaturated fluoroesters: atmospheric chemistry towards OH radicals and Cl atoms, radiative behavior and cumulative ozone creation
Authors: Rodríguez Ana , Bravo Iván , Rodríguez Diana , Tajuelo Mercedes , Diaz-de-Mera Yolanda , Aranda Alfonso
Published: February 2016

Atmospheric lifetimes, reaction mechanisms, infrared spectra, radiative forcing efficiencies, global warming potentials and ozone creation potentials of the allyl and vinyl trifluoroacetate were determined to assess their environmental impact.
Wide‐beam spiral antenna with three folded arms fed by compact three‐way Wilkinson power divider
Authors: Fartookzadeh M. , Mohseni Armaki S.H.
Published: February 2016

A compact planar antenna is proposed for wide‐beam applications with circular polarisation. The antenna has three multi‐folded spiral arms fed by equal signals with 120° out of phase with respect to each other to produce a symmetrical radiation pattern. A compact feed network with a Wilkinson power divider is also designed to produce the required 120° phase difference for the inputs of antenna.
Wide range temperature sensor with adaptive nonlinearity cancellation (ANC) technique for HVICs
Authors: Zhang Yunwu , Zhu Jing , Sun Weifeng , Lu Yangyang , Wang Fagang , Yu Kuo
Published: February 2016

A new temperature sensor utilising an adaptive nonlinearity cancellation circuit is proposed among two base‐emitter voltages (VBEPT and VBEIO) of the diode‐connected bipolar junction transistors driven in saturation region with a proportional to absolute temperature current and an independent of absolute temperature current, respectively. In this way, the nonlinear effect originated from the temperature dependence of saturation current (IS) drift can be cancelled adaptively through subtraction circuits. The measurements indicate that the proposed temperature sensor can achieve a sensitivity of −9.75 mV/°C with linearity up to 99.95% over the temperature range of 170°C (−40–130°C).
Binary search algorithm for adaptive impedance matching network
Authors: Xiong B. , Hofmann K.
Published: February 2016

A novel design strategy for adaptive impedance matching network which consists of two tunable components is presented. The input resistance is controlled by the first tunable component and independent of the second tunable component. Additionally, the proposed strategies ensure that the input resistance is proportional to the first tunable component and input reactance is proportional to the second tunable component. Therefore, the binary search algorithm is employed to calibrate the tunable matching network. In contrast to the single‐step method, the convergence speed is improved from O(N) to O(log N).
Efficacy of physical layer preamble manipulation for IEEE 802.11a/ac
Authors: Ramsey B. , Fuller J. , Badenhop C.
Published: February 2016

Wireless physical layer manipulation is a recently discovered technique for selective packet obfuscation. This process exploits the unique and proprietary nature of transceiver designs rather than manufacturing imperfections. To date, preamble manipulation has only successfully been demonstrated on low data rate transceivers operating in the 2.4 GHz band. This Letter investigates the effectiveness of preamble manipulation on common 5 GHz IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11ac wireless transceivers for the first time. Herein it is demonstrated that the preamble short training sequence length can be manipulated to discern among the six transceiver designs under test with greater than 99% accuracy using fewer than 20 packets.