bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma, Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma, and Epithelioid Glioblastoma: Case Series with Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Features and Progression Relationship
Authors: Lin Zhiying , Yang Runwei , Zheng Haojie , Li Zhiyong , Yi Guozhong , Han Huixia , Wu Qianchao , Qi Songtao , Huang Guanglong
Published: June 2021

Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (A-PXA), and epithelioid glioblastoma (E-GBM) show overlapping features. However, little is known about their clinical characteristics, molecular features and relationship with progression. Methods: Fourteen patients diagnosed at Nanfang Hospital from 2016 to 2019 were enrolled, including eleven PXA patients, two A-PXA patients, and one E-GBM patient. All tumour tissue samples of the fourteen patients were examined by immunohistochemical staining (MGMT, VEGF, BRAF-V600E, etc.). The recurrent tumour tissue of the patient with E-GBM arising from A-PXA was screened to detect 11 glioma markers (MGMT, BRAF-V600E, etc.) and chromosome 1p/19q by next-generation sequencing (NGS).Results: The mean age of 13 patients with PXA or A-PXA was 25.4 years; twelve of these patients had tumours at supratentorial regions. VEGF positivity was detected in the tumour samples of 13 patients, MGMT positivity in 10 patients, and BRAF-V600E positivity in 7 patients. For the tumour sample of the E-GBM patient who survived for up to 10 years after the fourth resection, BRAF V600E was wild type in the sample obtained from the first surgery, while it was mutant in the second, third, and fourth surgeries. In contrast, the promoter status of MGMT in the four surgeries was unmethylated. The NGS results showed that the mutation frequencies of BRAF V600E in the second, third and fourth surgeries were 14.06%, 9.13% and 48.29%, respectively.Conclusions: Collectively, the results suggest that patients with A-PXA may relapse multiple times and eventually progress to E-GBM with the BRAF-V600E mutation.
Oxidized lipids and signaling pathways of G2A receptor involved in nerve injury induced neuropathic pain
Authors:   , Osthues Tabea
Published: June 2021

Neuropathic pain, a form of chronic pain, is a steadily rising health problem due to health costs and increasing numbers of patients. Neuropathic pain conditions arise upon metabolic disorders, infections, chemotherapeutic treatment, trauma or nerve injury. Especially nerve injury induced neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous or ongoing pain due to neuroimmune interactions. Thereby, inflammatory mediators, released by the injured nerve, recruit to and activate immune cells at the site of injury. Those mediators further activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a known channel involved in pain perception, or bind to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in peripheral nerve endings. The following activated second messenger signaling pathways lead to sensitization of TRPV1. One of those GPCRs is G2A. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of G2A in nerve-injury induced neuropathic pain. For this, the common mouse model of nerve-injury induced neuropathic pain, the spared-nerve injury, was used. As measurements with dynamic plantar aesthesiometer showed, G2A-deficiency leads to reduced mechanical hypersensitivity. Upon analysis with FACS, ELISA and Luminex a reduced number of macrophages and neutrophils at the injured nerve, as well as less inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-6, VEGF) in G2A-deficient animals was observed. In dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) there was only a reduced number of macrophages and less IL-12 observed in G2A-deficient animals. Additionally, in wild-type mice, G2A agonist 9-HODE was elevated at the injured nerve, as a LC-MS/MS analysis showed. To investigate the underlying pathways of G2A-9-HODE signaling, a proteom screen was performed. This screen revealed upregulation of multiple proteins involved in migration in wild-type macrophages. Additionally, Ca-Imaging and transwell migration assays showed that the G2A antagonist G2A11, had desensitizing effects on DRG neurons and inhibited macrophage migration. Overall, the results suggest that loss of G2A has dual effects. On the one hand loss of G2A is antinociceptive. On the other hand, G2A-deficiency leads to reduced inflammation, suggesting G2A as promising target in treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, an antagonist had inhibitory effects on the migration and the sensitization.
Autocrats versus terrorists : what Conditions authoritarian counter-terrorism?
Authors:   , Korte Barbara Elisabeth Alexandra
Published: June 2021

This dissertation explores the breadth and variation of authoritarian counter-terrorism strategies and their legitimacy-related origins to challenge prevailing assumptions in Terrorism Studies. Research and analysis are conducted in the form of a Structured Focused Comparison of domestic counter-terrorism strategies in two electoral autocracies. The first case is Russia’s domestic engagement against a mix of ethno-separatist and Islamist terrorism emanating from its North Caucasus republics between 1999 and 2018. The second case is China’s engagement vis-à-vis a similar type of terrorism in its Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region between 1990 and 2018. The comparison shows that, contrary to prevailing assumptions, the two strategies differ immensely from one another while containing significant if not predominant non-coercive elements. It further shows that the two strategies are closely related to the two states’ sources and resources of legitimacy, both in their original motivation to tackle the terrorist threat and in the design of counter-terrorism strategies. Drawing on David Beetham’s theory of The Legitimation of Power and on the Comparative Politics, Terrorism Studies and Civil War literatures, the dissertation explores the influence of five sources and (re)sources of legitimacy on the two counter-terrorism strategies: responsiveness, performance legitimacy, ideology, discursive power and co-optation. While governmental discursive power is discarded as a source of variation, findings are significant with respect to the influence of ideology and performance legitimacy. Reliance on ideology or related patterns for legitimation raise vulnerability to terrorism and constrain or facilitate the adoption of communicative and preventive measures that accommodate the grievances of potentially defective or even violently terrorist groups. Performance legitimacy is a key motivator in counter-terrorism and an influence on certain types of counter-terrorism policies. Responsiveness and co-optation are identified as potential sources of variation, based on idiosyncratic concurrence with policy choices.
USE OF 177Lu-PSMA FOR RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Medvedeva A. A. , Chernov V. I. , Usynin E. A. , Zelchan R. V. , Bragina O. D. , Lushnikova N. A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: to present current data regarding challenges in treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the relationship between CRPC and the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (psma).

Material and Methods. The search for relevant sources was carried out in the Pubmed, elibrary, Medline databases. The review included 43 publications, most of which were published over the past 5 years.

Results. Currently, prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in men. Moreover, over time, most patients develop resistance to therapy, which significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease. Psma is one of the molecular markers of prostate cancer; a number of studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between the level of psma expression and the tumor grade, stage and aggressiveness. Numerous studies indicate that psma represents an excellent target for radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer. 68Ga or 18F-psma Pet/Ct is the most common method for diagnosing PC. It should be noted that modern trends in the development of nuclear medicine are closely related to theranostics; therefore, the creation of highly specific theranostic pairs for diagnosis and subsequent therapy of malignant tumors is of great significance. The data obtained indicate that 177lu demonstrates the most optimal radiation and physical characteristics for therapeutic radionuclides, while psma-617 is one of the most studied ligands for radionuclide therapy.

Conclusion. Currently, there are several studies covering radionuclide therapy with various psmacompounds labeled with 177lu. Radionuclide therapy with 177lu-psma has been shown to be recommended for patients with metastatic CRPC, who have no benefits from alternative therapies or have contraindications to them.
REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND CARCINOGENESIS USING ANIMAL MODELS
Authors: Kireeva G. S. , Gubareva E. A. , Maydin M. A. , Panchenko A. V. , Tyndyk M. L. , Fedoros E. I. , Kruglov S. S. , Osetnik V. K. , Anisimov V. N.
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: to review in vivo studies on the relationship and role of various molecular genetic components of the circadian rhythm system in the initiation and development of malignant neoplasms. in contrast to clinical and epidemiological studies, animal models, including transgenic animal models, can model various changes and disturbances in the activity of clock genes and track the results of these changes.

Material and Methods. the review includes data from studies carried out over the past 10 years in animal models, studying the mechanisms and effects of disturbances in the system of circadian rhythms related to the formation and development of tumors. the data sources for the review were the Medline, embase and scopus databases.

Results. analysis of the literature has shown that interference with the work of the «biological clock» by changing the light cycle, disrupting the expression of clock genes and other manipulations is a factor predisposing to the development of tumors. in tumors of various types, the expression of clock genes is often mismatched, and it is unclear at what stage of their formation this occurs. in addition, the development of tumors disrupts the circadian homeostasis of the body. there are three key areas of research aimed at studying the role of circadian rhythms in tumor development: disturbance of circadian rhythms as a carcinogenic factor, disturbances in the clock gene system in a tumor, disturbances in the clock gene system of the whole organism, provoked by tumor development.

Conclusion. the results of studies on animal models demonstrate that the relationship between the disturbance of circadian rhythms and the tumor process is complex since the causal relationship has not yet been studied. in this regard, the prospect of targeted pharmacological correction of circadian rhythms in clinical practice in cancer patients does not seem to be the nearest one.
What are Schoolchildren doing Out There? Children's Perspectives on Affordances in Unedited Places
Authors: Hammarsten Maria
Published: June 2021

In many contexts, children have limited access to outdoor environments with natural features in their daily lives, while outdoor settings for children tend to be designed by adults, from an adult perspective. The aim of the study is to explore what schoolchildren do in outdoor settings
with natural features, and to gain a better understanding of what these places mean to them. The data were collected using children's photographs and individual walk-and-talk conversations with seventeen schoolchildren aged 8 to 9 in four Swedish after-school educare settings. The analysis
used the concept of 'affordances' to describe both the significance of physical features in the places and the use that the children made of these features. Findings suggest that the outdoor places with natural features that had not been 'edited' by adults to serve predetermined purposes offered
space for exploration, imagination and free play. The places offered immersive experiences with all senses, as well as physical activity, social interaction, time to be alone, and opportunities for the children to invent their own activities.
'Adventure Playgrounds', 'Nature' and 'Learning': Disrupting Lofty Notions
Authors: Russell Wendy , Fitzpatrick John , Handscomb Bridget
Published: June 2021

In this article we playfully and seriously bring the subversive tendencies of adventure playgrounds to the exploration of outdoor learning, nature and urban play spaces which are the focus of this issue of Built Environment. The history of adventure playgrounds shows how they
have always had to navigate the tension between supporting play for its own sake and meeting current policy agendas. We suggest that 'nature and learning' is one such agenda and off er both a theoretical challenge to current orthodoxies of thought and also a practical suggestion. Critical
cartography is a spatial, relational and creative approach to documenting playwork that can offer a different articulation of the value of playwork, be the basis for playworkers' (rather than children's) learning, and also prompt a re-enchantment with children's play.
Investigation of single valued motions in the vibro-impact system in case of harmonic force
Authors: Ragulskis K. , Ragulskis L.
Published: June 2021

It is determined that vibro-impact systems in practical applications generate a number of problems because of the fact that in the regimes in which steady state motions take place multivalued motions are observed. Here it is shown that in a definite investigated case multivalued stable regimes of motion do not exist in the system. Here the investigation of single valued solutions is performed. They are especially useful for practical applications according to the performance of impact processes. The presented graphical relationships enable to choose the regimes suitable for practical applications that are with decaying impacts as well as stationary stable regimes.
Novel feature extraction technique based on ranks of Hankel matrices with application for ECG analysis
Authors: Orinaitė Ugnė , Landauskas Mantas
Published: June 2021

A novel feature extraction technique is presented in this paper. The term H-rankgram is coined here due to the similarity in concept with other feature extraction methods like spectrogram. The H-rankgram is two-dimensional feature pattern which shows the change in algebraic complexity (measured using ranks of Hankel matrices) of a given signal at a different scale in time (estimated using phase space reconstruction with different time lags). In general feature extraction techniques could be classified into two broad types: time domain and frequency domain. The proposed technique fits into the first one. The proof of concept for the technique to detect changes in the signal was explained and an effect of additive noise was tested. Application of the technique was demonstrated to classify ECG signals for healthy and ill patients. The results shows that Myocardial infarction is detected most accurately although there is high imbalance in classification accuracy between the classes.
Structural organization of TFL1-like genes in representatives of the tribe Phaseoleae DC.
Authors: Krylova Ekaterina , Strygina Ksenia , Khlestkina Elena
Published: June 2021

The type of stem growth is one of the key features in determining plant architectonics. Stem growth type is an economically important trait. It interconnects with stem length, flowering duration, yield, resistance to lodging, and suitability of mechanized cultivation. Mutations in the TFL1 gene and its homologs have been demonstrated to change meristem indeterminacy across genera. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the structural organization of TFL1-like genes in representatives of the tribe Phaseoleae (pigeonpea Cajanus cajan, soybean Glycine max, common bean Phaseolus vulgaris, adzuki bean Vigna angularis, mung bean V. radiata, and cowpea V. unguiculata) based on in silico analysis, including analysis of nucleotide sequences, predicted elements in promoter regions, predicted amino acid sequences, putative functional domains and 3D protein structures. We investigated TFL1 (one gene for adzuki bean, four copies for soybean, two copies for other studied species), ATC (two copies for soybean, one gene for other investigated species), and BFT (two copies for soybean, one gene for other studied species) gene family members found in whole-genome sequences databases available for representatives of the tribe Phaseoleae. The presence of duplicated copies for all genes in soybean may be a result of the last genome duplication event during the evolution of this species. Duplication of TFL1 gene to two copies in most of studied species of the tribe Phaseoleae is probably accompanied by the maintenance of the functional state of these genes. The exception is VrTFL1.2 of V. radiata, which likely had lost its functionality. This work broadens the existing data about the number of gene copies, their structural divergence and evolution, and the expected functional differences. This information will be important for understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the maintenance of indeterminacy in the growth of the shoot apical meristem, as well as in the control of the transition to the reproductive phase of plant development.
Supply of acetyl-CoA to N2-fixing bacteroids: insights from the mutational and proteomic analyses of Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Onishchuk Olga , Kurchak Oxana , Chizhevskaya Elena , Simarov Boris , Provorov Nikolay
Published: June 2021

Rhizobia represent a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with leguminous plants. Mechanisms of symbiotic efficiency are important to study not only to reveal the “fine tuning” of the host–symbiont supra-organismal genetic system emergence, but also to develop agriculture with minimal environmental risks. In this paper we demonstrate that among seven genes whose inactivation by Tn5 insertions results in an increased efficiency of rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti) symbiosis with alfalfa (Eff++ phenotype), six genes are involved in the metabolism of small molecules. One of them (SMc04399) encodes for acetate-CoA transferase catalyzing the formation of acetyl-CoA from acyl-CoA. Since acetyl-CoA is required for operation of the Krebs cycle, providing ATP for symbiotic N2 fixation, we suggest that a significant portion of this coenzyme utilized by bacteroids is provided by the plant cell supporting the energy-consuming nitrogenase reaction. Proteomic data analysis allow us to reveal the lability of enzymatic pathways which are involved in bacteroids in the production and catabolism of acetyl-CoA and which should be modified to obtain the Eff++ phenotype. This phenotype was developed also after inactivation of NoeB protein which is involved in the host-specific nodulation and is characterized by an elevated production in wild type S. meliloti bacteroids, suggesting a multifunctional role of noeB in the symbiosis operation.
An original method of pericardium closure after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kvaratskheliya G.G. , Golubev E.P. , Avkhadov U.S. , Ibragimov R.M. , Rustamov B.E. , Asymbekova E.U. , Shakhnazaryan L.S. , Buziashvili Yu.I.
Published: June 2021

Different cardiac surgery centres have different views regarding pericardial suturing. However, there is limited scientific evidence confirming the advantage of one method over another, which disallows us from forming a general opinion regarding specialists. Here, we describe several well-known methods of suturing the pericardium and preventing traumatisation of coronary bypass grafts and analyse their weaknesses. An original technique of opening and suturing the pericardium is proposed to restore the physiological distinction between the pericardial cavity and the anterior mediastinum during coronary artery bypass grafting without the risk of compromising the functioning coronary bypass grafts and narrow mediastinal syndrome.The proposed method of suturing the pericardium received a patent for invention, No. 2733505, dated 2 October, 2020. In the A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation), this technique of suturing the pericardium has been routinely used since 2006. More than 2,000 intraoperative shunt scans have been performed in our department since 2009; all these scans were performed after the pericardium was closed, proving that the fear of compromising the shunts during pericardial suturing is unsupported.Received 17 December 2020. Revised 13 January 2021. Accepted 18 January 2021.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConception and study design: G.G. Kvaratskheliya, E.P. GolubevData collection and analysis: U.S. Avkhadov, R.M. IbragimovDrafting the article: G.G. Kvaratskheliya, E.P. GolubevCritical revision of the article: E.U. Asymbekova, B.E. Rustamov, L.S. Shakhnazaryan, Yu.I. BuziashviliFinal approval of the version to be published: G.G. Kvaratskheliya, E.P. Golubev, U.S. Avkhadov, R.M. Ibragimov, B.E. Rustamov, E.U. Asymbekova, L.S. Shakhnazaryan, Yu.I. Buziashvili
COVID-19 Global Pandemic Fight by Drugs: A Mini-Review on Hope and Hype
Authors: Tekale Sunil , Gore Vishnu , Kendrekar Pravin , Thore Shivaji , Kótai László , Pawar Rajendra
Published: June 2021

:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a serious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was firstly identified in the city of Wuhan of
China in December 2019, which then spread and became a global issue due to its high transmission
rate. To date, the outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in infection to 230,868,745 people and the death
of 4,732,669 patients. It has paralyzed the economy of all the countries worldwide. Considering the
possible mutations of SARS-CoV-2, the current medical emergency requires a longer time for drug
design and vaccine development. Drug repurposing is a promising option for potent therapeutics
against the pandemic. The present review encompasses various drugs or appropriate combinations of
already FDA-approved antimalarial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic therapeutic
candidates for use in the clinical trials as a ray of hope against COVID-19. It is expected to deliver
better clinical and laboratory outcomes of drugs as a prevention strategy for the eradication of the disease.
PENGARUH KOMPOS KOTORAN KAMBING TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KARBON DAN FOSFOR TANAH DARI KEBUN KOPI BANGELAN
Authors: Suarmaprasetya Radifta Adika , Soemarno S
Published: July 2021

Inceptisol has a special characteristic, which is low in organic matter. Other chemical problems possessed by Inceptisol include acidic pH, high clay content, and washable surface layers. The compost of goat manure can improve soil chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of goat manure compost at various doses on the carbon and phosphorus content of Inceptisol soil in Bangelan, Malang, East Java. The treatments tested were K1D1 (0-20 cm depth, without compost dose), K1D2 (0-20 cm depth, with compost dose 0.5 g 500 g-1 soil), K1D3 (0-20 depth, with compost dose 1 g 500 g-1 soil), K2D1 (20-40 cm depth, without compost dose), K2D2 (20-40 cm depth, with compost dose 0.5 g 500 g-1 soil), K2D3 (20-40cm depth, with compost dose 1 g 500 g-1 soil), K3D1 (40-60 cm depth, without compost dose), K3D2 (40-60 cm depth, with compost dose 0.5 g 500 g-1 soil), K3D3 (40-60 cm depth, with compost dose 1 g 500 g-1 of soil). The nine treatments were arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The results showed that at a depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm with an additional dose of 1 g 500 g-1 of soil was the best dose given into the soil because it had a significant effect on increasing pH, C-organic, available P and total P in the soil.
On the dynamic stability of high-speed gas bearings: stability study and experimental validation
Authors: Waumans T. , Peirs J. , Reynaerts J. , Al-Bender F.
Published: July 2021

For high-speed applications, gas lubricated bearings offer very specific advantages over other,more conventional bearing technologies: a clean and oil-free solution, virtually wear-free operation, lowfrictional losses, wide operating temperature range, etc. However, the principal drawback involved in theapplication of high-speed gas bearings concerns the dynamic stability problem. Successful applicationtherefore requires control of the rotor-bearing dynamics so as to avoid instabilities.After a detailed study of the dynamic stability problem and the formulation of a convenient stability criterium,a brief overview is given of the currently existing bearing types and configurations for improving the stability.In addition, three strategies are introduced: (i) optimal design of plain aerostatic bearings; (ii) modification ofthe bearing geometry to counteract the destabilising effects in the gas film; and (iii) introduction of dampingexternal to the gas film as to compensate for the destabilising effects.These strategies are worked out into detail leading to the formulation of a series of design rules. Theireffectiveness is validated experimentally at a miniature scale. In recent experiments a rotational speed of1.2 million rpm has been achieved with a 6 mm rotor on aerodynamic journal bearings, leading to a recordDN-number of 7.2 million.
Reliability analysis of semi-automatic train door systems in service on today's rolling stock of the SNCB
Authors: Van der Gucht W. , Van Walleghem D. , Bonne H. , Eeckhout W. , De Waele W. , De Baets P.
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the reliability of semi-automatic train door systems that are in use on today’srolling stock of the SNCB. For the analysis several databases of the SNCB concerning both operation andmaintenance were thoroughly screened. These databases are briefly explained and scaling factors areapplied to compare the performance of different series of rolling stock relative to each other. Conclusionsare made out of the available data.
Social Mobility Patterns in the World's Populated Cities Through COVID-19
Authors: Jiménez-Preciado Ana Lorena , Gavira-Durón Nora
Published: June 2021

Objective: identify social mobility patterns in the world's most populated cities from the ravaging pandemic of COVID-19 and the confinement and social distancing measures. Method: ternary diagrams to examine the simultaneous movement to different places (grocery, services, parks, workplaces, residence, and transit). Specifically, we use crosshair ternary plots and a Gaussian Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) for ternary density diagrams. Results: for the most part, the mobility reduction was between 40% and 60% in the selected cities. Nevertheless, there were more significant transit cases, but not workplaces or residences, suggesting that the informal market may absorb part of the labor work. Limitations and implications: the main limitation of this analysis is in scaling the data since the mobility statistics represent negative percentages. Main contribution: the work's principal contribution and originality lie in using ternary diagrams, allowing the identification of social mobility patterns in the largest cities and understanding how displacement of populations has changed since COVID-19.
Short-Term Event Prediction in the Operating Room (STEP-OP) of Five-Minute Intraoperative Hypotension Using Hybrid Deep Learning: Retrospective Observational Study and Model Development (Preprint)
Authors: Choe Sooho , Park Eunjeong , Shin Wooseok , Koo Bonah , Shin Dongjin , Jung Chulwoo , Lee Hyungchul , Kim Jeongmin
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Intraoperative hypotension has an adverse impact on postoperative outcomes. However, it is difficult to predict and treat intraoperative hypotension in advance according to individual clinical parameters.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model to forecast 5-minute intraoperative hypotension based on the weighted average ensemble of individual neural networks, utilizing the biosignals recorded during noncardiac surgery.

METHODS

In this retrospective observational study, arterial waveforms were recorded during noncardiac operations performed between August 2016 and December 2019, at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. We analyzed the arterial waveforms from the big data in the VitalDB repository of electronic health records. We defined 2s hypotension as the moving average of arterial pressure under 65 mmHg for 2 seconds, and intraoperative hypotensive events were defined when the 2s hypotension lasted for at least 60 seconds. We developed an artificial intelligence–enabled process, named short-term event prediction in the operating room (STEP-OP), for predicting short-term intraoperative hypotension.

RESULTS

The study was performed on 18,813 subjects undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Deep-learning algorithms (convolutional neural network [CNN] and recurrent neural network [RNN]) using raw waveforms as input showed greater area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) scores (0.698, 95% CI 0.690-0.705 and 0.706, 95% CI 0.698-0.715, respectively) than that of the logistic regression algorithm (0.673, 95% CI 0.665-0.682). STEP-OP performed better and had greater AUPRC values than those of the RNN and CNN algorithms (0.716, 95% CI 0.708-0.723).

CONCLUSIONS

We developed STEP-OP as a weighted average of deep-learning models. STEP-OP predicts intraoperative hypotension more accurately than the CNN, RNN, and logistic regression models.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02914444; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02914444.
Smartphone Movement Sensors for Remote Monitoring of Respiratory Rate: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Valentine Sophie , Klasmer Benjamin , Dabbah Mohammad , Balabanovic Marko , PLANS DAVID
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) offers notable potential clinical and economic benefits to patients and healthcare systems alike. Although respiratory rate (RR) is of great clinical significance, existing remote technologies to measure RR suffer from limitations, such as cost, accessibility and reliability. Using smartphone movement sensors to measure RR may offer a potential solution to these shortcomings.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and ecologically valid assessment of a novel mHealth smartphone application designed to measure RR using movement sensors.

METHODS

Study 1 offered a preliminary evaluation, in which RR measurements from 15 participants generated via the mHealth app were compared to simultaneous measurements from a reference device cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Participants’ ability to successfully operate the app was also determined. Finally, a novel reference method, that would allow accuracy of the mHealth app to be investigated ‘in the wild’, was assessed for validity against the FDA-cleared reference. In Study 2, 165 participants of balanced demographics remotely downloaded the mHealth app and measured their RR. Measures from the mHealth app were compared to the novel reference that was assessed in Study 1. Usability was quantified based on the proportion of participants that were able to successfully use the app to measure their RR and standardised usability scales.

RESULTS

Outcomes from Study 1 supported further assessment of the mHealth app, including as assessed by the novel reference. The mHealth app, when compared to the FDA-cleared and novel references, respectively, showed a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.65 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.49) and 1.14 (1.44), relative MAE of 12.2 (9.23) and 9.5 (18.70) and bias of 0.81 (limits of agreement (LoA) = -3.27-4.89) and 0.08 (-3.68-3.51). Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) coefficients were 0.700 and 0.885. 93% of participants could successfully operate the device on their first use and standardised usability scores were above industry averages.

CONCLUSIONS

The accuracy and usability of the mHealth app demonstrated in this research hold promise for the use of mHealth solutions employing smartphone movement sensors to remotely monitor RR. Considering methodological limitations, further research should be undertaken to more holistically validate the benefits that this technology may offer patients and healthcare systems.
Understanding Studies of Online Health Care Service Platforms in China: A Systematic Review of Research Topics, Data Analysis Methods, and Challenges (Preprint)
Authors: Che Chao , Shan Yongxue , Zhu Yongjun , Che Chao , Wei Xiaopeng
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Large amounts of health care data are being generated in China every day, given the emergence of multiple online health care service platforms. Many studies have been conducted to improve the quality of health care services using the platforms’ ever-increasing data.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to gain a better understanding of how rich data have been utilized to address various health care problems by systematically reviewing relevant studies and organizing them into multiple research themes.

METHODS

We took Good Doctor Online as a case to provide a detailed review of the characteristics of typical online health care service platforms and studied how to utilize the platform data for various research tasks. Specifically, we reviewed major data attributes and relevant studies from multiple perspectives, including data analysis methods and research problems.

RESULTS

A total of 275 titles or abstracts were assessed for eligibility, and 56 full-text papers were retrieved for detailed evaluation. We found that the methods used in previous studies could be divided into statistical, machine learning, and deep learning methods. More importantly, we grouped the reviewed studies into three research themes and then divided them into multiple research problems separately.

CONCLUSIONS

The paper provides a meaningful research framework for the community. It also discusses the challenges of effective utilization of online health care service platform data in China and promising research directions.
Analisis Tingkat Ketersediaan dan Cakupan dari Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Chiuman Novie , Atunggal Dedi , Widjajanti Nurrohmat
Published: June 2021

Ketersediaan layanan dan cakupan Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) sangat penting untuk kegiatan yang membutuhkan ketelitian level sentimeter atau lebih baik. Penelitian ini menganalisis ketersediaan layanan CORS Indonesia berdasar data web scraping server InaCORS pada Desember 2018. Cakupan CORS diestimasi dengan asumsi performansi Real Time Kinematic (RTK) single base hingga radius 30 kilometer dan untuk RTK network base hingga 50 kilometer dari masing-masing stasiun yang kemudian dipadukan dengan data cakupan jaringan komunikasi selular Telkomsel, Indosat dan 3 dari opensignal.com. Hasil web scraping menunjukkan terdapat 51 stasiun CORS dengan ketersediaan layanan di atas 80%, empat dengan ketersediaan layanan di bawah 80%, dua dengan ketersediaan layanan di bawah 50%, dan 14 yang tidak memiliki ketersediaan layanan. Cakupan CORS untuk metode RTK single base dan network base masing-masing adalah 72,942% dan 98,299%. Luas cakupan CORS terbesar diperoleh provider Telkomsel baik untuk metode RTK single base maupun network base yaitu masing-masing sebesar 34,622% dan 45,180%. Cakupan riil dari estimasi tersebut mungkin lebih besar karena hasil uji lapangan membuktikan bahwa tingkat ketepatan data dari OpenSignal hanya sebesar 69,444% dan masih banyak area tanpa data sinyal. Hasil analisis tingkat duplikasi cakupan CORS menunjukkan bahwa luas duplikasi cakupan CORS untuk metode RTK single base dan network base masing-masing sebesar 37,076% dan 82,382% dari luas total cakupan CORS. Hasil dari penelitian juga menunjukkan setidaknya ada 20 stasiun CORS yang perlu ditingkatkan ketersediaan datanya.
Newly Recorded Alien Species of Ficus L. (Moraceae) in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Peniwidiyanti Peniwidiyanti , Irsyam Arifin Surya Dwipa , Dewi Asih Perwita , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Irwanto Rina Ratnasih , Anshori Zakaria Al
Published: June 2021

Ficus is the largest genus in the Moraceae family, with the syconium inflorescence as its characteristic. This genus has a wide distribution worldwide, and about 367 species were found in the Malesia region. There are 74 species have been recorded on Java, and seven species are known as introduced plants. Based on our recent observations in West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java, three newly recorded Ficus species were found, namely F. auriculata Lour., F. maclellandii King, and F. natalensis subsp. leprieurii (Miq.) C.C. Berg. The species were introduced to Java as an ornamental plant. Descriptions, photographs, and a brief discussion of the three newly recorded species are presented in this manuscript.
Fijación, mercantilización y desposesión del carbono en América Latina. Los proyectos REDD+ para combatir el cambio climático.
Authors: Vega Ruíz Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Este artículo explica la importancia que adquieren los bosques frente al cambio climático. Coloca como ejemplo los proyectos de conservación y reforestación conocidos como REDD+ que son impulsados por las principales instituciones del régimen climático internacional. Describe algunas de las posibles implicaciones ecológicas indeseables generadas por utilizar los bosques como sumideros de carbono. Después expone el funcionamiento de los mercados de carbono y avanza una crítica a sus supuestos beneficios climáticos. Finalmente analiza los procesos desposesión a los que, en nombre del clima del planeta, se ven sometidas las comunidades indígenas y originarias que por largo tiempo han sido las guardianas de los bosques y reservas de carbono de América Latina.
Lower Resolution Face Image Higher Resolution Image using Face Conditional Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Chaubey Abhinav
Published: June 2021

We propose a novel single face picture super-goal strategy, which is named Face Restrictive Generative Ill-disposed Organization (FCGAN), in view of limit harmony generative antagonistic organizations. To improve the combination speed and reinforce include spread, skip layer association is additionally utilized in the generative and discriminative organizations. Broad tests exhibit that our model accomplishes cutthroat execution contrasted and best in class models To improve the assembly speed and reinforce highlight proliferation, the Generator and Discriminator networks are planned with a skip-association engineering, and both utilizing an auto-encoder structure. Quantitative examinations show that our model accomplishes serious execution contrasted and the cutting edge models dependent on both visual quality and quantitative standards. We accept this excellent face picture created strategy can affect numerous applications in face ID and clever screen
Design and Development of Transmission and Braking Systems in Go-kart
Authors: Jamadar Hamida Shakil
Published: June 2021

We have completed this paper as per rulebook of kart racing competition. It involves 5 different departments which are Transmission, Roll cage, Brake, Steering, Wiring. This karting has no suspension and differential. It is generally recognized as small scale or economic way of motor sport. Transmission is the most important system in any vehicle. In go kart, there is no differential therefore we have to transmit power directly to shaft. Braking is a system which is used to stop transmitting power at instant. This involves stopping revolving transmission shaft by applying force on pedal.
Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Foundry Sand in Self Compacted Concrete
Authors: Rehman Mohd Abdul
Published: June 2021

This document demonstrates the possibility of using foundry sand waste as a partial replacement of sand in self-compact concrete. Self-compacting concrete, as the name implies, is a type of concrete that does not require an external or internal seal because it is aligned and consolidated under its weight. Foundry sand is a high-quality silica sand that is used as a molding material for the ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting industry. It can be reused in foundries, but after a certain period it cannot be used further and becomes waste, called waste, used or used foundry sand (WFS, UFS or SFS). This experimental study was conducted to assess the strength and strength of SCC properties in which natural sand was partially replaced by foundry sand waste (WFS). Natural sand was replaced by four percent (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%) WFS by weight.
Number Evaluation for Auditorily and Verbally Challenged Children
Authors: Tyagi Krishna
Published: June 2021

The objective of this paper is to develop a system designed on MATLAB 2021a to serve as a holistic assessment tool for Auditorily and Verbally challenged children studying in grades 1 and 2. This system captures and recognizes specific hand gestures indicated by these children as answers to mathematical questions displayed on the system’s screen. It then proceeds to evaluate the answers as right or wrong and accordingly displays the scores obtained. This project addresses the steps that must be undertaken to develop a viable, functioning number recognition assessment tool. Algorithms have been chosen taking into consideration obstacles that may arise out of poor illumination, complicated backgrounds or incorrect rotation of the images captured. We have utilized: Image pre-processing, Feature extraction, Feature Classification and the MATLAB App Designer to achieve our objective.
Development of Jacketing Machine
Authors: Giripunje Manish
Published: June 2021

Flat Belt is manufactured almost all over the world. In the Transmission Industries, Flat Belt is almost available in every part. In modern trend demand has been significantly increased. To fulfil the increased demand for flat belt, jacketing operation of flat Belt must be paced up. In traditional jacketing processes which are carried out manually take more time, labour work and also provide damage to industry growth. To overcome this and to minimize stress on workers, an attempt has been made to design a jacketing machine for flat belt, which is simple in design and can be handled by the common man. The demand for a flat belt jacketing machine is higher and it is time to respond to the problem raised. Designing and fabricating such types of functional machines is important to save money instead of investing money and time buying labor and conventional tool. Since metal resources are declining and their products are very expensive as compared to rubber, it’s preferable to use Rubber flat belts rather than using chains for transmission. As per the studies, it is easier and economical to use belt drives replacing chain drives and it is good for the future without disturbing the ecosystem. Study shows that while analyzing the force and power for machines the designer takes the help of analysis software. The cost of software for analysis is high. So there is requirement to find simple formula. In this paper the various theories regarding bending are reviewed, formulae for force and power calculation are collected and finally a case study is taken where we have put together all the results of these formulae. Our main concern is to reduce the human effort required in jacketing of flat belt and also to save the time, labour work, lead time, and move towards the partial automation. The machine has been designed and developed to minimize the cost of production and increase the efficiency.
Investigation of Classifiers Algorithms of ML for Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Singh Ved Prakash
Published: June 2021

A ML computer plays an important role in predicting the presence or absence of movement disorders and heart disease. The resting part of the body as compared to the Heart s, is the largest and most concentrated organ in the human body. Data analysis helps in predicting heart disease in the medical field is an important task. Machine learning is recycled in the medical industry throughout the world. The presence or absence of movement disorders and cardiac diseases is a key factor in machine learning. Data analysis helps predict more information and prevents various diseases in medical centers. The main impartial of the research paper is toward predict a patient cardiac disease using an algorithm for machine learning as a random forest is most predictable. A large number of patient data are kept every month. The data stored can be used to predict future diseases. Certain data mining and machine learning technologies are used to forecast heart disease, including artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees, fuzzy logic, K-Nearest neighbors (KNN), naive bays and vector supporting equipment (SVM). The ultimate objective of this paper is to inspect the best logistic regression which signifies the machine's python learning. The UCI machine learning depot used the data sets of heart disease.
Human Activity Recognition using Machine Learning
Authors: Shraddha Chaudhari
Published: June 2021

Activity recognition in humans is one of the active challenges that find its application in numerous fields such as, medical health care, military, manufacturing, assistive techniques and gaming. Due to the advancements in technologies the usage of smartphones in human lives has become inevitable. The sensors in the smartphones help us to measure the essential vital parameters. These measured parameters enable us to monitor the activities of humans, which we call as human activity recognition. We have applied machine learning techniques on a publicly available dataset. K-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest classification algorithms are applied. In this paper, we have designed and implemented an automatic human activity recognition system that independently recognizes the actions of the humans. This system is able to recognize the activities such as Laying, Sitting, Standing, Walking, Walking downstairs and Walking upstairs. The results obtained show that, the KNN and Random Forest Algorithms gives 90.22% and 92.70% respectively of overall accuracy in detecting the activities.
Smart Navigating Stick
Authors: Khan Mohd Rehbar
Published: June 2021

The scope of this study is to create a product that will benefit persons who are blind or have to rely on others frequently. This is a unique concept that enables visually impaired persons to move around and go from one location to another with speed and confidence by identifying surrounding obstructions. They merely need to hold this device in their hands like a regular stick, and it will assist the individual in overcoming the impending challenges. Ultrasonic, Moisture, and Night sensors are among the sensors included. Designing an assistive system for visually impaired persons that can detect impediments and suggest alternate pathways for the blind are among the goals of this research project.