bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in The Burden of HIV-Related Cervical Cancer Over A Decade in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Jaquet Antoine , Boni Simon , Tchounga Boris , Comoe Kouassi , Tanon Aristophane , Horo Apollinaire , Diomandé Isidore , Didi-Kouko-Coulibaly Judith , Ekouevi Didier , Adoubi Innocent
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Major improvements have occurred in access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) prevention of HIV-infected women over the past decade in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited information on changes in the burden of HIV-related ICC at a population level. Our objective was to compare HIV-related ICC over a decade and document factors associate with HIV infection in women with ICC in Côte d’Ivoire.METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted in referral hospitals of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire during the 2009-2011 and 2018-2020 periods. During both periods, women diagnosed with ICC were systematically tested for HIV. A common questionnaire was administered to collect demographic information, ICC risk factors, cancer stage (FIGO) and HIV characteristics (ART use, last known CD4 count) for those screened positive. Characteristics of HIV-related ICC were compared between the time periods and factors associated with HIV in women diagnosed with ICC in 2018-2020 were documented through a multivariate logistic model.RESULTS: During the 2009-2011 and 2018-2020 periods, 147 and 297 women with ICC were diagnosed, with median [IQR] age at ICC diagnosis of 49 [40-57] years and 51 [43-60] years (p=0.01), respectively. The estimated HIV prevalence was 24.5% and 21.9% (p=0.53), respectively. An advanced FIGO stage (III, IV) was documented in 74.5% and 76.2% of women during these two time periods (p=0.72). In HIV-infected women, access to ART increased from to 2.8% to 73.8% (p<10-4) and median CD4 cell count from 285 [IQR 250 – 441] to 492 [IQR 377 – 833] cells/mm3 (p=0.03) between the two time periods. In Women diagnosed with ICC during the 2018-2020 period, HIV infection was associated with a less advanced clinical stage (FIGO I/II stage) [aOR=2.2 (95%CI 1.1-4.4)] and with higher ICC diagnosis through a systematic screening [aOR=10.5 (95%CI 2.5-45.5)].CONCLUSIONS: Despite an improved access to ART in Côte d’Ivoire, the proportion of HIV-infected women diagnosed with ICC remains high in 2020. HIV-infected women diagnosed with ICC in 2018-2020 presented with less advanced stage and a higher access to ICC screening at diagnosis compared to their uninfected counterparts suggesting an enhanced access to early ICC diagnosis.
Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase Genes (Bla-Vim And Bla-Imp) By Multiplex Pcr in Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ansari Mehraj , Rai Kulraj , Rai Ganesh , Aryal Subhas , Rai Shiba , Shah Anil
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCarbapenems have been the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, during recent years, carbapenems resistant bacteria have emerged significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.ResultsOf the total 1,151 clinical samples, 253 (22.0%) showed growth positive. Of them, 226 (89.3%) were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Among the 226 isolates, 106 (46.9%) were multidrug-resistant. Of the 106, 97 (91.5%) isolates showed resistance to at least one of the carbapenem used. Among the 97 isolates, 67 (69.1%) showed MHT positive results. bla-VIM and bla-IMP were detected in 40 and 38 isolates, respectively.ConclusionThis study determined the higher prevalence of MDR and carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii as detected by the presence of bla-VIM and bla-IMP genes.Keywords: Carbapenems, Carbapenemase, Modified Hodge Test, bla-VIM, bla-IMP
Nonlinear self-accelerating beams induced in multilevel atomic vapors
Authors: Wu Zhenkun , Zhang Yagang , Yang Kaibo , Ru Jingmin , Wen Feng , Gu Yuzong
Published: November 2020

We demonstrate the existence and curious propagation dynamics of self-accelerating beams in Λ-type three-level nonlinear atomic vapors with Kerr and cubic-quintic nonlinearities through numerical investigation and mathematical modelling. Upon adjusting the generation and propagation conditions, these nonlinear accelerating beams exhibit different evolution properties. We demonstrate that the input beams can propagate robustly in the medium regardless of its absorption properties. The shape and peak intensity of the main lobes of these input beams, which are the eigenmodes of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in atomic media, are preserved for a significantly long propagation distance. If such beams are not the modes of the system, they are subjected to the under-healing or over-healing effect, which damages the shape of the self-accelerating beams. We also discuss the interactions between truncated accelerating beams, which readily generate non-accelerating solitons and soliton pairs. The results indicate that the atomic vapor can serve as a promising medium for the generation of nonlinear self-accelerating beams.
General Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Pediatric Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Mainland China over the Decades 1999-2018
Authors: Huo Bennian , Ran Su-juan , JIA Yun-tao , LIU yao , AI mao-lin , YIN Nan-ge , SONG Lin
Published: November 2020

Objective: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are usually the basis of evidence-based medicine and provide important information for pediatric clinical practice, but whether the results of RCTs can be correctly translated into clinical practice depends on the quality of the literature reported. In this study, we evaluated the general characteristics and quality of pediatric RCTs published in mainland China over the decades 1999-2018.Methods: We individually searched all 20 available pediatric journals published between January 1, 1999, and December 30, 2018 and selected RCTs with participants less than 18 years. Each review author extracted details data from each of the selected RCTs including general characteristics, ethical characteristics, trial characteristics. Using Cochrane Collaboration methods for risk assessment.Results: Totally, 4093 RCTs were included for analysis. The average annual growth rate of published pediatric RCTs was 35.22% (p = 0.000), a notable increase occurred in 2017, and most of the studies were carried out in east China (32%). Only 1.98% of RCTs conducted in multiple-center, and 13.73% of the RCTs reported funding resources, 15.34% of the RCTs stated that it was approved by the ethics committee and 34.99% of the authors stated that the patients signed the informed consent. Comparing RCTs published in 2014-2018 with RCTs published in 1999-2003, we found the quality of RCTs has improved in random sequence generation, blinding participants and personnel, and incomplete outcome data. RCTs stated the approval of the ethics committee and the signing of the informed consent form, conducted in teaching hospitals, with multiple-centers, funding were of better quality in all the analyzed items.Conclusions: The number of pediatric RCTs has increased significantly over time in mainland China, and the quality have improved over the decades 1999-2018, but quality of the RCTs initiated by investigators published in mainland China still need to be improved, special attention should be paid to allocation concealment, blinding outcome assessment and selective outcome reporting.
A novel modification of the Endorectal Advancement Flap for complex anal fistulas: surgical technique and outcomes
Authors: Al-Turaihi Hassan , Blears Elizabeth , Sugumar Kavin , Deshmukh Ganesh
Published: November 2020

Background:Fistula-in-ano is a common problem encountered by surgeons which can be classified as either simple or complex. Complex fistulas (CF) cause higher morbidity and are much more challenging to treat. Although numerous treatment options are available for CF, none are proven to be 100% effective. The endorectal advancement flap (EAF) procedure was developed as an alternative to conventional surgical treatments for CF. Herein, we describe a novel modification of the EAF procedure along with surgical outcomes in terms of recurrence, fecal incontinence and factors associated with flap failure. Methods:A retrospective review of patients with CF who underwent EAF between 2004-2019 was done. The conventional EAF procedure was modified by performing transverse imbrication of the internal sphincter over the internal fistula opening. The incidence of post-operative recurrence and fecal incontinence were calculated from chart documentation at the last available date of follow-up. Also, the association between various clinical and demographic factors and post-operative flap failure were using statistical significance at alpha of 0.05. Results: With a median follow-up of 6.6 months (range: 3.3-24 months), 99 patients with CFs underwent a modified EAF. Of these, 93% (92/99) had a successful procedure, 7% (7/99) experienced recurrence and 1% (1/99) experienced new-onset fecal incontinence. Systemic steroid or immunomodulatory therapy use (p=0.001) and patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (p<0.0001) were associated with increased rate of recurrence.Conclusion:EAF with transverse imbrication of the internal opening using interrupted, absorbable suture is an effective technique to treat complex or recurrent anal fistulas. It is associated with a low risk of recurrence (7%) and fecal incontinence (1%) and a valid treatment option for CFs.
Video Self-Modeling for a Student with Dravet Syndrome: an Intervention Involving Parents During Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy
Authors: Vascelli Luca , Berardo Federica
Published: November 2020

Video-modeling instruction (VMI) offers several advantages in increased efficiency, control over stimuli presentation, and logistical factors. These characteristics seem to be critical in helping families of individuals with developmental disabilities during the restriction due to the Covid-19 global pandemic in Italy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) on three different behaviors of a 12-year-old boy with Dravet syndrome. The boy's mother was instructed to use VMI through the use of role-playing and performance feedback to implement the procedure directly. A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used. The dependent variable was the number of correct responses for each behavior. Results showed that the procedure was effective in increasing the performance of the participant. Considerations were made related to the potential that a telehealth intervention could have in efficiency, sustainability, and parents’ involvement during and after the health emergency.
Association of higher arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/β-hydroxybutyrate) with relevant nutritional marker in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Inaba Masaaki , Kumeda Yasuro , Yamada Shinsuke , Toi Norikazu , Hamai Chie , Noguchi Koichi , Yasuda Eikichi , Furumitsu Yutaka , Emoto Masanori , Ohno Yoshiteru
Published: November 2020

Background: An association of higher levels of b-hydroxybutyrate (b-HB) in serum with greater mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients has been reported. This study examined the significance of arterial ketone body ratio (AcAc/b-HB), a relevant marker of energy state, in HD patients.Methods: The levels of arterial AcAc and b-HB, and AcAc/b-HB ratio were determined in 49 HD patients just before undergoing an HD session. Additionally, changes in those levels during the session were examined to investigate their associations with clinical nutritional markers.Results: Arterial b-HB, but not AcAc, was significantly higher at the baseline in 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to 24 non-DM patients, with a significant reduction in arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio seen in those with DM. Although the arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio before the HD session was significantly higher in the non-DM group, it did not differ significantly after the session between the groups, indicating a faster rate of b-HB disappearance from circulation in non-DM HD patients during the interdialytic period. Multiple regression analysis, which included age, gender, presence/absence of DM, log HD duration, log b-HB, and log AcAc/b-HB ratio as independent variables, revealed an independent and significant association of log AcAc/ b-HB ratio, but not log b-HB, with serum albumin and uric acid. Conclusion: We found that a decreased AcAc/b-HB ratio resulting from increased b-HB, but not increased b-HB itself, was a significant factor independently associated with decreased levels of serum albumin and uric acid, known to be related to higher mortality in HD patients. Furthermore, it is possible that higher mortality in DM HD patients can be explained by reduced arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio.
Temperature-driven nutrient recycling and euxinia as a marine mass extinction mechanism
Authors: Hülse Dominik , Lau Kimberly , de Velde Sebastiaan van , Arndt Sandra , Meyer Katja , Ridgwell Andy
Published: November 2020

Extreme warming at the end-Permian induced profound changes in marine biogeochemical cycling and animal habitability, leading to the largest extinction in Earth's history. However, a causal mechanism for the extinction that explains the different proxy evidence has yet to be found. By combining recent modeling developments with global and local redox observations, we show that a temperature-driven increase in microbial respiration can reconcile reconstructions of the spatial distribution of euxinia and seafloor anoxia spanning the Permian/Triassic transition. We illustrate how enhanced metabolic rates would have strengthened upper ocean nutrient recycling, and thus shoaled and intensified the oxygen minimum zones — eventually causing euxinic waters to expand onto continental shelves, poisoning benthic habitats. Finally, we find that the temperature effect on microbial activity can account for some of the decline in carbon isotopes at the end-Permian with the implication that carbon release as inferred from those changes is likely overestimated. Our findings present a novel view of the sensitive interconnections between temperature, microbial metabolism, ocean redox state and carbon cycling during the end-Permian mass extinction with potential far-ranging implications for the interpretation of carbon cycle perturbations during Earth history.
Harmonizing Corporate Carbon Footprints
Authors: Klaaßen Lena , Stoll Christian
Published: November 2020

Global greenhouse gas emissions need to reach net-zero around mid-century to limit global warming to 1.5°C. This decarbonization challenge has, inter alia, increased the political and societal pressure on companies to disclose their carbon footprints. As a response, numerous companies announced roadmaps to become carbon neutral or even negative. The first step on the journey towards carbon neutrality, however, is to quantify corporate emissions accurately. Current carbon accounting and reporting practices remain unsystematic and incomparable, particularly for emissions along the value chain (scope 3). Here we present a framework to harmonize scope 3 emissions by accounting for reporting inconsistency, boundary incompleteness, and activity exclusion. In a case study of the tech sector, we find that corporate reports omit half of the total emissions. The framework we present may help companies, investors, and policy makers to identify and close the gaps in corporate carbon footprints.
Robust asymmetry of the future Arctic polar vortex is driven by tropical Pacific warming
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Yamazaki Koji , Horinouchi Takeshi
Published: November 2020

The wintertime Arctic stratospheric polar vortex is characterized by a circumpolar westerly jet, confining the coldest temperatures over the Arctic. The future stratosphere is globally dominated by a strong radiative cooling due to the increase in greenhouse gases, enhancing the Arctic cooling. However, we find that over North America, the Arctic stratospheric cooling is suppressed or rather warming occurs, whereas over Eurasia stratospheric cooling is most pronounced, leading to an asymmetric polar vortex, based on 21st century climate model simulations. There are many causes that drive polar vortex variability, such as Arctic sea ice loss, and midlatitude and tropical Pacific warming, which make future projections highly uncertain. Our model simulations demonstrate that tropical warming induces the asymmetric polar vortex. The eastern equatorial Pacific warming causes eastward-shifted teleconnection, which strengthens the polar vortex over Eurasia and weakens over North America by enhancing the vertical wave propagation into the stratosphere. The asymmetric polar vortex is projected to markedly develop in the 2030s, and so could also affect winter surface climate over mid- to high-latitudes of Eurasia in the near future.
STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED JUICE AND GRANULES FROM VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS FRUITS ON THE MODEL OF BACTERIAL CYSTITIS IN RATS
Authors: Yatsyuk Kateryna , Fedorovska Mariana , Antymis Olga
Published: November 2020

The fruits of marsh cranberries due to the content of phenolic compounds, in particular proanthocyanidins, are effective in the prevention and treatment of cystitis [1]. The aim of the research was to study the anti-inflammatory properties of condensed juice of Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” in a model of acute bacterial cystitis in rats. Materials and methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of condensed juice from Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” were studied in a model of acute bacterial cystitis in rats, which was caused by three daily transurethral injection into the bladder of 0.3 ml of E. coli strain at a concentration of 106 CFU/ml. “Canefron® H” was used as a reference drug. Tissues were studied histologically by assessing the structure of the bladder wall and the condition of blood vessels. Results. Infection of animals with E. coli resulted in a significant increase in the desquamation of the transitional epithelium, edematous changes and narrowing of blood vessels in the tissues of the bladder wall. During treatment with the drug “Canefron® N” there was a decrease in cell infiltration and desquamation of cells, dilation of blood vessels. When animals used condensed juice from Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” in the histological picture of the walls of the bladder there was a decrease in desquamation, edema and cellular infiltration, the lumen of blood vessels was approaching normal. Conclusions. The use of condensed juice from Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” was accompanied by a positive effect on the tissues of the walls and blood vessels of the bladder of rats (there was a decrease in desquamation of the superficial layers of the transitional epithelium and normalization of the histological picture of vascular entanglement, that was not inferior to the comparison drug “Canefron® N”.
INFLUENCE OF PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA
Authors: Mamenko Marina , Drokh Hanna
Published: November 2020

Objective: To study the influence of pharmacological psychocorrection with drugs derived from GABA on the quality of life of primary school-aged children with functional dyspepsia. Materials and methods. 80 children aged 6–12 years with FD have been examined. Children were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 – 20 patients who received γ-amino-β-phenylbutyric acid hydrochloride along with baseline therapy, Group 2 – 20 patients who received comprehensive treatment and calcium hopantenate, Group 3 – 20 children who received vitamin-mineral complex and protocol treatment, and Control Group – 20 children who received baseline treatment. Study Design: general clinical, instrumental, psychodiagnostic, statistical. Results. Using the PedsQL questionnaire, physical functioning disorders were found in children with FD – 97.5±1.2 % (78/80) of children, emotional functioning disorders – 91.3±1.6 % (73/80) of cases, functioning at school disorders – 88.8±2.7 % (71/80) of patients. During one-month case monitoring, children who took GABA drugs reported an improvement in the quality of life compared with baseline treatment and a group of children, who took a mineral-vitamin complex: physical functioning – (р1=0,016), (р2=0,03), emotional functioning – (р1˂0,001), (р2˂0,001), functioning in school – (р1=0,005), (р2=0,004). Conclusion. The use of γ-aminobutyric acid drugs is safe and effective and they significantly improve the quality of life of children with FD.
CLINICAL AND ULTRASOUND PARALLELS IN DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Oparin Aleksey , Yarantseva Natalia , Oparin Anatoliy
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work: to study the relationship of ultrasound parameters of the thyroid gland with the clinical course, the level of thyroid hormones and indicators of the motor-secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Materials and methods. The study involved three groups of patients. The first group consisted of 22 patients with isolated GERD. The second group included 20 patients suffering from GERD in combination with AIT in the hypothyroid stage. And the third group included 20 patients suffering from isolated AIT in the hypothyroid stage. The control group consisted of 15 apparently healthy individuals of the same age and sex. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included the necessary set of clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods in accordance with the local treatment protocols such as collection of complaints and anamnesis, patient examination, physical examination, clinical and biochemical analyzes, ECG, EGD, intragastric pH-metry. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of the motor-evacuation function of the esophagus and stomach with water load and an ultrasound examination of thyroid gland. The functional activity of thyroid gland was assessed by determining the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T4 free, T3) by ELISA and the presence of antibodies to. Results. The study involved three groups of patients: patients with isolated gastroesophageal reflux disease, patients with a combined course of GERD and AIT in the hypothyroid stage and patients with isolated AIT in the hypothyroid stage. The most pronounced complaints, a higher level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and the most pronounced ultrasound changes are noted in patients with combined pathology. Ultrasound examination of the lower third of esophagus and stomach in patients of all three groups showed the presence of regurgitation, expansion of the lumen of the lower third of esophagus and an increase in the diameter of esophageal opening of diaphragm in varying degrees, in contrast to patients in the control group. Thus according to the results of thyroid sonography and ultrasound examination of the motor function of the lower third of esophagus and stomach, the most pronounced changes were found in the second group of patients who had a combined course of GERD and AIT. Conclusions. 1. A clear correlation was established between the clinical course, an increase in the level of thyroid hormones and ultrasound picture of thyroid gland and indicators of the motor-secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with GERD and AIT; It was shown that disorders in the activity of thyroid hormones affect the formation of motor-secretory disorders in patients with GERD with concomitant AIT which mutually aggravates the course of this comorbid pathology; Ultrasound diagnostics can be used as an evaluative method in this category of patients.
BİREYLERİN SOSYODEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ÇALIŞMA HAYATINDA KADINA BAKIŞ AÇILARINA ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YERLİKAYA Burcu , GİRAY YAKUT Selay , ÖCAL Aslan Tolga
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ile kadınların çalışma hayatına katılımlarına ve çalışma hayatındaki yerlerine yönelik bakış açıları arasındaki etkileşimi saptamaktır. Çalışmada ikincil veri kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan veri seti, Dünya Değerler Araştırması Türkiye’nin 2014 verileridir. Amaç doğrultusunda kullanılan bu verilere, Optimal Ölçeklemeli çok değişkenli analiz tekniklerinden Doğrusal Olmayan Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda ulaşılan temel bulgu; bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ile kadınların çalışma hayatındaki yerine yönelik bakış açıları arasında orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunduğudur. Daha sonra ise, Türkiye’deki bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ve çalışma hayatında kadına bakış açıları bakımından benzerliklerine göre kümelenmesi amacıyla veri setine İki Aşamalı Kümeleme Analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu analizin bulgularına göre ev kadınlarının daha ayrımcı, tam zamanlı çalışanların ise daha eşitlikçi bir bakış açısına sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bunun yanı sıra orta düzeyde eğitimliler için; eğitim düzeyi arttıkça ilgili konuya bakış açısının ayrımcıdan eşitlikçiye doğru değiştiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, eğitim seviyesinin ve kadınların çalışma hayatına katılımlarının artması gerekmektedir.
YASMİNA KHADRA’NIN “KADDAFİ’NİN SON GECESİ” ADLI ROMANININ TEKNİK YÖNDEN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: IŞIK Rıfat , BULUT Mehmet Beşir
Published: November 2020

Asker kökenli bir yazar ve modern Arap edebiyatının son dönemde eser veren önemli kalemlerinden biri olan Yasmina Khadra, Fransa’da yaptığı çalışmalarında gerçek ismini kullanmamış, onun yerine eşinin ismini (Yasmina Khadra) kullanmış ve bu isimle meşhur olmuştur. Yazarın eserleri kırktan fazla dile çevrilmiş, bazıları filmlere konu olmuştur. Yasmina Khadra, bu romanında, Libya lideri Muammer Kaddafi’nin 2011 yılının Ekim ayında en yakınında bulunanlarla beraber, memleketi Sirte’de saklandığı son zamanlarını, sıra dışı hayatından birtakım kesitleri ve onun Batı’ya karşı olan dinmez öfkesini etkileyici ve akıcı bir üslupla okuyucuya aktarmıştır. Avrupa’nın yanı sıra ülkemizde de büyük ses getiren bu eser, genel roman çözümleme yöntemleri kullanılarak teknik açıdan incelenerek çalışmamıza konu olmuştur.
DINÂMICA ESPACIAL DA COVID 19, EM PROCESSO NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE - EXTENSÃO, ENQUANTO ATIVIDADE ACADÊMICA
Authors: Da Silva Anelino Francisco , Felipe José L. A.
Published: November 2020

A dinâmica espacial da Covid 19 no Rio Grande do Norte possibilitou consolidar ação de extensão em desenvolvimento na “Atividade integradora de extensão em Geografia” em Licenciatura/Geografia, presencial, Campus de Natal/UFRN. A propagação da virose a nível global, estabeleceu um fato de saúde pública, que atingiu a sociedade a nível regional. Desse cenário factual da pandemia se estabeleceu uma ação de extensão praticada pelos alunos da disciplina. A agudização da virose Covid - 19, ofuscou o cotidiano do povo, do mercado de trabalho, da educação escolar e da sociabilidade, deixando a economia, os trabalhadores de baixo poder aquisitivo, os informais e a cadeia produtiva em hibernação. Daí, o direito à vida se impõe, como da reafirmação da solidariedade dos povos.
Zapomnienie bycia jako zagrożenie bycia według Jean-Yves Lacoste’a
Authors: Zgórecki Przemysław
Published: November 2020

Artykuł stawia tezę, że według Jean-Yves Lacoste’a zapomnienie bycia prowadzi do zagrożenia bycia. Problem zapomnienia bycia pojawia się we wczesnych dziełach Lacoste’a, jednak dopiero w książce Présence et parousie filozof po raz pierwszy przedstawia go szeroko w kontekście możliwości więcej niż egzystencji. Zwracając uwagę na fenomeny stanowiące aberrację w stosunku do bycia-w-świecie, takie jak: radość, nadzieja i liturgia, pokazuje, że bycie wykazuje nadmiar. Na tej podstawie autor niniejszego artykułu dochodzi do wniosku, że nadmiar bycia w stosunku do świata pokazuje, że nie ma w świecie nic, co przeczyłoby możliwości bycia-wobec-Boga. W książce Être en danger Jean-Yves Lacoste rozwija koncepcję zapomnienia bycia jako bycia-w-zagrożeniu. Na jej podstawie autor artykułu stawia tezę, że zapomnienie nie tyle zagraża byciu, co pokazuje, że bycie jest raczej niedostępne niż dostępne. Nadmiar niedostępnego w stosunku do dostępnego w byciu pokazuje, że nie ma w nim nic, co przeczyłoby możliwości pełni bycia. Na koniec autor stawia tezę, że pamięć o byciu otwiera możliwość ostatecznego, czyli eschatologicznego rozumienia bycia. Bycie jest wolą bycia, a nie tylko bycia po części. Dlatego możliwość pełni bycia jest wpisana w bycie i z konieczności się spełnia, prowadząc bycie do rozumienia siebie w kategoriach definitywnych, czyli eschatologicznych, a nie jedynie prowizorycznych. Pełnia bycia natomiast to Bóg. Dlatego bycie jest wolą bycia-wobec-Boga o wiele bardziej niż bycia-w-świecie.
Problem (a)czasowości Boga
Authors: Łagosz Marek
Published: November 2020

W artykule tym rozważana jest kwestia (nie)zmienności Boga, której „pochodną” – biorąc pod uwagę stwierdzenie Arystotelesa, że „substratem” czasu jest ruch – jest tytułowy problem (a)czasowości Boga. Aby uwyraźnić i uchwycić wiążące się z tymi zagadnieniami trudności i dylematy, odwołano się do teologii chrześcijańskiej, a w szczególności do problematyki stworzenia, objawienia, a także – co się z tym wiąże – wcielenia oraz zbawienia. Wyprowadzono wniosek, że należy przyjąć, iż w Bogu realizuje się zupełnie inna niż kauzalna zasada ruchu, stąd też i struktura Jego zmienności („Boski czas”) musi być radykalnie odmienna. Ten domniemany rodzaj Boskiej czasowości można nazwać czasem absolutnym i uznać, że przypomina on coś, co z naszej ludzkiej perspektywy da się za Heglem określić teraźniejszą obecnością.
Piotr Stanisław Mazur, Metafizyka istnienia człowieka, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, Kraków 2018 (rec.)
Authors: Podrez Ewa
Published: November 2020

W swojej ostatniej monografii Piotr Stanisław Mazur podejmuje problematykę metafizyki klasycznej, starając się ją zaktualizować, rozszerzyć, uwiarygodnić, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do antropologii filozoficznej, która miałaby być budowana na jej podstawach. To zainteresowanie metafizyką, jako wiedzą o całości rzeczywistości, badanej w aspekcie istniejącego bytu, ma kilka swoich przyczyn. Do najważniejszych z nich należy współczesna krytyka metafizyki klasycznej oraz coraz częściej podnoszone kwestie dotyczące tego, jak rozumieć realność istnienia. W swojej najnowszej monografii Mazur podejmuje próbę obrony tomistycznej metafizyki przez wskazanie na jej nowe, poznawcze możliwości związane z podstawami antropologii. Formułuje szereg pytań dotyczących istnienia człowieka, a konkretnie, na czym polega specyfika istnienia człowieka i co je charakteryzuje.
Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: Effect of Morphological Variations on the Diagnosis
Authors: Dablan Ali , Oktay Cemil , Çevikol Can
Published: November 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to clarify which morphologic variations of the
hip on MRI are associated with the development of ischiofemoral impingement.

Methods:

Hip MRIs of patients who have been referred to our department between 2016-2017
were retrospectively reviewed and assessed for pathological signal changes in the quadratus femoris
muscle and ipsilateral hip or buttock pain. After assessment, ischial angle, inclination angle,
ischiofemoral space, quadratus femoris space, intertuberous distances and femur neck angle, femoral
torsion angle and knee angle were measured and compared in 37 hips of 20 patients and 56 hips
of 28 age-gender matched control subjects.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences between the patient and control groups in
all MRI parameters except for intertuberous distances (p<0.05). Quadratus femoris space
(p<0.001) and ischiofemoral space (p<0.001) were significantly lower and femoral torsion angle
(p=0.02), femur neck angle (p=0.001), ischial angle (p=0.01) and inclination angle (p=0.03) values
were significantly higher in patients compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

Decreased ischiofemoral space and quadratus femoris space, increased femoral torsion
angle, femur neck angle, ischial angle and inclination angle are found to be associated with IFI
on MRI. These pelvic anatomical variations may predispose to ischiofemoral impingement and
should be kept in mind for patients with hip pain.
The Safety and Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Medication for Postoperative Endo- dontic Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Almuthhin Muthhin , Afify Marwa , Alshammari Yasmeen , Alkatheeri Nasser , Altuwaijri Sahar Maziad , Alhussain Bader , Albaij Sadun Mohammed Alageel , Alanazi Fisal , Alsheri Yousef
Published: November 2020

Background:

Postoperative Endodontic Pain is a major concern for dentists and their patients, with pain having been reported to occur in 25%–40% of patients treated. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and Network Meta-analysis (NMA) was to identify the safety and efficacy of pre- and post-medication for reducing postoperative endodontic pain.

Methods:

A literature search was performed in the SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central databases until December 2019 with no language restriction. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of pre- or post-medications compared with other agents, placebo, or no treatment in adult patients who underwent endodontic surgery for postoperative pain were included. The mean difference of postoperative pain was measured using the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results:

This Systematic Review included 62 Articles. Of them, 50 studies were included in the NMA. Among all medications, corticosteroids were ranked as the best treatment for the reduction of postoperative pain at 6 and 12 hours with a significant reduction in postoperative pain scores [SMD= -1.18, 95% CI (-1.51: -0.85)] and [SMD= -1.39, 95% CI (-1.77: -1.02)], respectively. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were ranked as the best treatment for the reduction of postoperative pain at 8 and 24 hours with a significant reduction in postoperative pain scores [SMD= -2.86, 95% CI (-6.05: -1.66)] and [SMD= -1.27, 95% CI (-2.10: -0.43)], respectively. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) significantly reduced the postoperative pain scores in all durations. For postoperative pain at 6 hours, Indomethacin, Novafen, Naproxen, Prednisolone, Ketorolac, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Deflazacort, Rofecoxib, Piroxicam, and Ibuprofen significantly reduced the pain score when compared with a placebo. All of these drugs demonstrated a significant reduction at 12 hours except Ketorolac.

Conclusion:

The current evidence suggests that pre- and post-medication can reduce postoperative pain after nonsurgical root canal treatment. Corticosteroids and COX-2 inhibitors showed significant control of the pain up to 12 hours after administration. However, NSAIDs demonstrated a high efficacy from administration and until two days after treatment. Indomethacin, Novafen, prednisolone, and Naproxen were ranked first in most analyzed durations.
Evaluation of the Effects of New Environmental Additives Compared to Mineral Fertilizers on the Leaching Characteristics of Some Anions and Cations under Greenhouse Plant Growth of Saline-Sodic Soils
Authors: Hafez Mohamed , Popov Alexander I. , Rashad Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Aims:

The aim of this study was to determine and monitor the influences of organic and biological additives compared to mineral fertilizers on leaching characteristics of anions and cations, also to know more about the ability of these additives to make complexes with dissolved and toxic salts to decrease soil salinity.

Background:

Salt-affected soils comprise of saline and sodic soils which differ in origin, physico-chemical properties and the constraints to plant growth. Due to the presence of excess soluble salts (e.g. sodium (Na+) and chlorides (Cl-)).

Methods:

Ten treatments were established, including two levels of spent grain (environmental organic wastes from the beer industry), S1(10 g of spent grain / kg soil) and S2 ( 20 g of spent grain / kg soil); two levels of compost M1(10 g of compost / kg soil) and M2 ( 20 g of compost / kg soil); mixed M1 with S1 (M1S1); inoculation ofAzospirillum brasilense(A1); inoculation A1 with S2 (A1S1); inoculation A1 with M1 (A1M1); 20:20:20 of N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK), and control (CK, without any additives). All treatments were mixed with 30 kg soil pots under greenhouse conditions, corn (ZeamayzL.) seeds were sown in the soil pots. The most relevant nitrogen and salt in soil leachates were collected and analysed every 20 days for 100 days. The soil leachates were collected under plant growth from pots by closed system.

Results:

The result revealed that organic additives such as A1 and S2 treatments effectively decreased soil pH, soil EC, and reduced NaCl concentration in soil leachates. The Ca2+and K+cations in the soil leachates were not stable at high levels of organic additives. Soluble NO3-and NH4+were significantly lower in A1, S2, and A1S1 treatments than in NPK, M2, and CK treatments. Soil treatment with A1 and S2 significantly improved the soil chemical environment by increasing the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and soluble and exchangeable-K+and thus limited entry of Na+into the exchange complex in soil and consists complex with soluble Na+as sodium humate form.

Conclusion:

In the final, the highest nitrogen use efficiency with the least NO3-and NH4+losses in saline-sodic soil was also found in S2 and A1 treatments. Moreover, under this bio-organic fertilization way, NO3-concentrations in soil leachates was outside of danger of damaging the environment. Thus, spent grain with Azospirillum were suggested to be the optimal fertilizer with the lowest nitrogen leaching losses, best yield, quality, and the least groundwater environmental risk under corn (Zea mays L.) organic and bio-organic cultivation comparing with chemical cultivation.
A Closer Look to Polyesters: Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Particle Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Pazmiño Viteri Katherine , Vizuete Karla Sofía , Alexis Frank , Kumar Brajesh , Debut Alexis
Published: November 2020

Background:

Natural and synthetic polymeric materials can be used in the fields of biomedicine and pharmaceuticals as a material for controlled drug delivery. Among the synthetic polymers, polyesters are synthesized from two natural monomers: lactic and glycolic acid, which are biocompatible and biodegradable.

Objective:

Here we review broad aspects of polyesters including its properties, synthesis, characterization, and particle drug delivery applications.

Conclusion:

Finally, we have concluded that polyesters are certainly very versatile material that is continuously reinvented for future application in new areas of science and medicine. However, several aspects must be considered when synthesizing polyesters, which have a direct influence on biodegradability and biocompatibility. These properties may limit the performance of in vitro and in vivo tests.
Novel Applications of Nanotechnology in Controlling HIV and HSV Infections
Authors: Akilesh M Sai , Wadhwani Ashish
Published: November 2020

Infectious diseases have been prevalent for many decades and viral pathogens have
caused global health crises and economic meltdown on a devastating scale. The high occurrence of
novel viral infections in recent years, in spite of the progress achieved in the field of pharmaceutical
sciences, defines the critical need for newer and more effective antiviral therapies and diagnostics.
The incidence of multi-drug resistance and adverse effects due to the prolonged use of anti-viral
therapy is also a major concern. Nanotechnology offers a cutting edge platform for the development
of novel compounds and formulations for biomedical applications. The unique properties of
nano-based materials can be attributed to the multi-fold increase in the surface to volume ratio at
the nano-scale, tunable surface properties of charge and chemical moieties. Idealistic pharmaceutical
properties such as increased bioavailability and retention times, lower toxicity profiles, sustained-
release formulations, lower dosage forms and most importantly, targeted drug delivery can
be achieved through the approach of nanotechnology. The extensively researched nano-based materials
are metal and polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers and micelles, nano-drug delivery vesicles,
liposomes and lipid-based nanoparticles. In this review article, the impact of nanotechnology on
the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) viral infections
during the last decade is outlined.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LUNG TUBERCULOSIS EDUCATIONAL VIDEO TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF MASKS USE IN FAMILIES LIVING WITH TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Hayati Yati Sri , Putri Venty Aprilia , Lukitasari Mifetika
Published: November 2020

Lung tuberculosis is still a government concern as an infectious disease that causesdeath. The prevalence of lung tuberculosis is still increasing, one of the causes is the highrate of transmission. Families caring for lung tuberculosis patients have a higher risk oftransmitted because of the high intensity of interactions. Families must understand andbe aware of how lung tuberculosis is transmitted and how to prevents it. The researchobjective was to determine the effectiveness of education through video regarding lungtuberculosis transmission towards increasing knowledge and attitudes in using masks infamilies with lung tuberculosis patients. The research design was pre-experimental withone group pre-post test design. The instrument used was a questionnaire to measureknowledge and attitudes, and an educational video with a duration of 15 minutes.Respondents in this study are one of the family members who are the main responsiblefor tuberculosis patients, totaling 23 people. The results showed the mean pre-testfor knowledge was 71.00 Â± 8,954 and attitudes were 21.65 Â± 4.074. Meanwhile, afterproviding education, the results showed the mean of knowledge is 94.70 Â± 6.931 and theattitude is 25.96 Â± 3140. There was a significant effect of providing lung tuberculosistransmission educational videos on increasing knowledge and attitudes in using masksin families with lung tuberculosis patients. The use of educational video media canbe better developed as an alternative strategy in efforts to prevent lung tuberculosistransmission, both in hospitals and in the community
Use and Cost-Effectiveness of a Telehealth Service at a Centralized COVID-19 Quarantine Center in Taiwan: Cohort Study
Authors: Yen Yung-Feng , Tsai Yi-Fan , Su Vincent Yi-Fong , Chan Shang-Yih , Yu Wen-Ruey , Ho Hsuan , Hou Chun-Mei , Chen Chu-Chieh , Woung Lin-Chung , Huang Sheng-Jean
Published: November 2020

Background

Telehealth is a recommended method for monitoring the progression of nonsevere infections in patients with COVID-19. However, telehealth has not been widely implemented to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in quarantined individuals. Moreover, studies on the cost-effectiveness of quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic are scarce.

Objective

In this cohort study, we aimed to use telehealth to monitor COVID-19 infections in 217 quarantined Taiwanese travelers and to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the quarantine program.

Methods

Travelers were quarantined for 14 days at the Taiwan Yangmingshan quarantine center and monitored until they were discharged. The travelers’ clinical symptoms were evaluated twice daily. A multidisciplinary medical team used the telehealth system to provide timely assistance for ill travelers. The cost of the mandatory quarantine was calculated according to data from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan.

Results

All 217 quarantined travelers tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission to the quarantine center. During the quarantine, 28/217 travelers (12.9%) became ill and were evaluated via telehealth. Three travelers with fever were hospitalized after telehealth assessment, and subsequent tests for COVID-19 were negative for all three patients. The total cost incurred during the quarantine was US $193,938, which equated to US $894 per individual.

Conclusions

Telehealth is an effective instrument for monitoring COVID-19 infection in quarantined travelers and could help provide timely disease management for people who are ill. It is imperative to screen and quarantine international travelers for SARS-CoV-2 infection to reduce the nationwide spread of COVID-19.
Efficacy of Mobile Health in Patients With Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Mingrong , Wu Tingting , Lv Meina , Chen Chunmei , Fang Zongwei , Zeng Zhiwei , Qian Jiafen , Jiang Shaojun , Chen Wenjun , Zhang Jinhua
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Low back pain is one of the most common health problems and a main cause of disability, which imposes a great burden on patients. Mobile health (mHealth) affects many aspects of people’s lives, and it has progressed rapidly, showing promise as an effective intervention for patients with low back pain. However, the efficacy of mHealth interventions for patients with low back pain remains unclear; thus, further exploration is necessary.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mHealth interventions in patients with low back pain compared to usual care.

METHODS

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials designed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) statement standard. We searched for studies published in English before October 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Two researchers independently scanned the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Bias risks were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. We used RevMan 5.4 software to perform the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 9 studies with 792 participants met the inclusion criteria. The simultaneous use of mHealth and usual care showed a better reduction in pain intensity than usual care alone, as measured by the numeric rating scale (mean difference [MD] –0.85, 95% CI –1.29 to –0.40; P<.001), and larger efficacy in reducing disability, as measured by the Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (MD –1.54, 95% CI –2.35 to –0.73; P<.001). Subgroup analyses showed that compared with usual care, mHealth using telephone calls significantly reduced pain intensity (MD –1.12, 95% CI –1.71 to –0.53; P<.001) and disability score (MD –1.68, 95% CI –2.74 to –0.63; P<.001). However, without the use of telephone calls, mHealth had no obvious advantage over usual care in improving pain intensity (MD –0.48, 95% CI –1.16 to 0.20; P=.16) and the disability score (MD –0.41, 95% CI –1.88 to 1.05; P=.58). The group that received a more sensitive feedback intervention showed a significantly reduced disability score (MD –4.30, 95% CI –6.95 to –1.69; P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of simultaneous mHealth and usual care interventions has better efficacy than usual care alone in reducing pain intensity and disability in patients with low back pain. Moreover, the results of subgroup analysis revealed that mHealth using telephone calls might play a positive role in improving pain intensity and disability in patients with low back pain.