bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGETAHUAN, KETERAMPILAN, KESIAPAN DAN KEINGINAN BEKERJA DALAM SITUASI BENCANA PADA PERAWAT IGD
Authors: Huriani Emil , Sepriani Mery , Sumarsih Gusti
Published: June 2020

Insiden kejadian bencana di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun. Sumatera Barat menempati urutan ke-5 provinsi tertinggi kejadian bencana di Indonesia. Ada berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan perawat untuk tetap bekerja saat bencana di IGD salah satunya yaitu pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesiapan yang dimiliki perawat tentang penanggulangan bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesiapan perawat dengan keinginan untuk bekerja dalam situasi bencana di IGD RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 35 orang perawat IGD. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner DPET dan keinginan bekerja perawat. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan perawat dengan keinginan bekerja, adanya hubungan keterampilan perawat dengan keinginan bekerja, serta adanya hubungan antara kesiapan perawat dengan keinginan bekerja. Diharapkan perawat dapat terus meningkatkan upaya memperoleh pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesiapan tentang penanggulangan bencana, supaya keinginan bekerja saat bencana bisa dipertahankan sehingga saat terjadi bencana rumah sakit tidak kekurangan tenaga perawat dan korban dapat ditolong sesegera mungkin.
Ethical Problems of Digitization and Robotization in Medicine
Authors: Vvedenskaya Elena V.
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the ethical problems that arise due to the processes of digitization and robotization in medicine, and focuses on the relationship between the doctor and the patient. The purpose of this article is to identify the limits of the transformative impact of these processes on the medical profession. The possibilities and disadvantages of telemedicine are considered, and the role of artificial intelligence in modern medical practice is analyzed. The author compares the traditional paternalistic model of the doctor’s attitude to the patient and the modern engineering model replacing it. The study has identified risks of computerization for doctors and patients, which may include the lack of direct contact between the doctor and the patient, the inability to “physical examination,” the uncertainty of liability for medical errors, as well as problems of maintaining the confidentiality of personal data of patients. The dominance of a technical-type model can lead to depersonalization of the patient and replacement of most doctors with artificial intelligence (AI) systems and robots. Since modern medicine belongs to two categories – “human territory,” which implies taking care of a person as the main task, and “machine territory,” which is associated with the automation of many processes, the article raises a natural question about the place of a doctor in the modern world. The findings allow to draw some conclusions. With the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence and robotic systems into medicine, the relationship between doctor and patient is being transformed. Diagnostics, treatment and medical manipulations will increasingly be assigned to machines, which will free doctors from the impossible task of collecting a huge array of medical data and free up time to communicate with patients. Intelligent machines and robotic systems will outperform doctors in diagnosing diseases and performing precise surgeries, but they will never replace doctors in caring for patients. An important task of modern medicine is to maintain “live contact” between the doctor and the patient.
The Status of Mind and Intellect in Digital Environment
Authors: Yaroslavtseva Elena I.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the impact of digitalization on human life and intellectual experience. The development of computer technology demands an understanding of new aspects of human development and requires a capability to overcome not only external conditions but also ourselves. Entering a new level of development cannot imply a complete rejection of previous dispositions, but should be accompanied by reflection on personal experience and by the quest for new forms of interaction in society and with nature. Communicative and cognitive activity of a person has an ontological basis and relies on processes that actually evolve in nature. Therefore, the creation of new objects is always associated with the properties of natural material and gives rise to new points of support in the development of man. The more audacious his projects, the more important it is to preserve this connection to nature. It is always the human being who turns out to be the initiator who knows how to solve problems. The conformity of complex technical systems to nature is not only a goal but also a value of meaningful construction of development perspectives. The key to the nature orientation of the modern digital world is the human being himself, who keeps all the secrets of the culture of his natural development. Therefore, the proposed by the Russian philosopher V.S. Stepin post-non-classical approach, based on the principle of “human-sizedness,” is an important contribution to contemporary research because it draws attention to the “human – machine” communication, to the relationship between a person and technological systems he created. The article concludes that during digital transformation, a cultural conflict arises: in an effort to solve the problems of the future, a person equips his life with devices that are designed to support him, to expand his functionality, but at the same time, the boundaries of humanity become dissolved and the forms of human activity undergo simplification. Transhumanism engages society in the fight against fears of vulnerability and memory loss and ignores the flexibility and sustainability of natural foundation.
The Problem of the Influence of Possible Worlds on the Nature of Their Perception under the Conditions of Various Fundamental Physical Principles
Authors: Karpenko Ivan A.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of interpreting of the several consequences that derive from multi-world concepts of modern physics. The inflation scenario and the associated string landscape model are the objects of analysis. The reviewed multi-world concepts are exposed to presume the existence of a plenitude (possibly infinite) of various fundamental principles (laws of nature) that govern the physics of one or another possible reality. The research is based on the hermeneutical method, comparative method, dialectical method, formal translation method, and scientific modeling method. The author represents specifics of physical theories (the criteria and requirements for them) that claim to describe all possible worlds in the conclusions. In this regard, the issues of the status of “possible” and “impossible” worlds and practicable ways to determine them are discussed. The main result of the study is the justification (based on the assumption of many fundamentally different worlds scenario possibility) that each type of world must correspond to a certain structure of consciousness defined by its basic physical principles (and probably other mathematics). This possibly means that a unified “theory of everything” that includes all possible mathematical and physical fundamental structures cannot exist since every one of them determines a specific type of consciousness (where it is possible).
Extract Transform Loading Data Absensi Stmik Stikom Indonesia Menggunakan Pentaho
Authors: Saraswati Ni Wayan Sumartini , Martarini Ni Made Lisma
Published: June 2020

Proses Absensi STMIK STIKOM Indonesia saat ini telah menggunakan mesin pengenalan sidik jari. Seperti kita ketahui bersama output dari mesin pengenalan sidik jari telah dilengkapi dengan software yang dapat menyajikan laporan absensi. Namun laporan tersebut belum sesuai dengan kondisi kerja di STMIK STIKOM Indonesia. Kondisi yang dimaksud adalah shift kerja yang berubah-ubah, sehingga mengharuskan operator mengubah data shift kerja yang terdapat dalam software setiap perubahan terjadi. Dari segi efektivitas pekerjaan, hal tersebut kurang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan laporan absensi yang dibutuhkan oleh manajemen STMIK STIKOM Indonesia serta untuk mendapatkan rancang bangun ETL data absensi yang dapat digunakan sebagai materi pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Data Integration. ETL adalah kependekan dari Extract Transform and Load. Dalam pengertian sederhana, ETL adalah sekumpulan proses untuk mengambil dan memproses data dari satu atau banyak sumber data menjadi sumber baru. Proses ETL yang dilakukan telah berhasil mengolah data absensi yang bersumber dari mesin fingerprint ke dalam laporan rekapitulasi kehadiran, jam kerja kurang, jam kerja lebih dalam sebulan serta laporan rincian absensi yang berisi jumlah jam kerja perharinya.
Penerapan Algoritme Klasifikasi Classification And Regression Trees (Cart) Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Diabetes Retinopathy
Authors: Subarkah Pungkas
Published: June 2020

Penyakit diabetic retinopathy atau DR adalah salah satu komplikasi penyakit diabetes yang bisa menyebabkan kematian bagi penderitanya. Komplikasi tersebut berupa kerusakan pada bagian retina mata. Tingginya kadar glukosa dalam darah adalah penyebab pembuluh darah kapiler kecil menjadi pecah dan dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Retinopati diabetes diawali dengan melemah atau hancurnya kapiler kecil di retina, darah bocor yang kemudian menyebabkan penebalan jaringan, pembengkakan, dan pendarahan yang luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diagnosis penyakit diabetes retinopathy. Algoritme Classification And Regression Trees (CART) merupakan salah satu algoritme klasifikasi dengan menggunakan dataset diambil dari UCI Repository Learning diperoleh dari Universitas Debrecen, Hongaria, yang terdiri dari data pasien terindikasi penyakit diabetes retinopathy dan normal penyakit diabetes retinopathy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu identifikasi masalah, pengumpulan data, tahap pre-processing, metode klasifikasi, validasi dan evaluasi serta penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun metode validasi dan evaluasi yang digunakan yaitu 10-cross validation dan confusion matrix.Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan,  maka didapatkan hasil akurasi pada algoritme CART sebesar 63.4231%, dengan nilai precision 0.64%, nilai Recall 0.634%, dan nilai F-Measure 0,634%.
Percepción del docente universitario acerca de los valores morales en ciencias de la salud
Authors: López Victoria Fernanda , Ariasgago Olga Leonor , Spasciuk Natalia Inés
Published: June 2020

La educación en valores es una meta perseguida en el área de la salud, ya que uno de los propósitos radica en formar personas moralmente virtuosas, además de impartir conocimientos teórico-prácticos propios de cada disciplina. Analizar la percepción del docente acerca de los valores morales en la educación superior en ciencias de la salud. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 docentes de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina. Se establecieron tres grupos: Ciclo curricular, Edad y Ámbito de trabajo. Se aplicó una encuesta conformada por preguntas cerradas en escala Likert y dicotómicas, y por preguntas abiertas. Cerca del 80% de los docentes manifestó que la educación moral de los estudiantes es función de la Universidad. Más del 50 % respondió estar de acuerdo en que los docentes transmiten valores éticos durante las actividades curriculares. El 80% contestó que es posible la transferencia de valores en un contexto social adverso. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (nivel de significancia p<0,05) para conocer las distintas maneras en que los docentes percibían los valores según los grupos establecidos.

Encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación con los diferentes ámbitos de trabajo, respecto a la dimensión valores éticos de la profesión transmitidos durante las actividades curriculares (p=0,0110). Los docentes consideraron que la transmisión de valores éticos es función de la Universidad y manifestaron que los rasgos ideales de un buen profesional son la responsabilidad, solidaridad y espíritu de servicio.
Judicial Independence vis-à-vis Judicial Populism: the Case of Ulayat Rights and Educational Rights
Authors: Ristawati Rosa , Salman Radian
Published: June 2020

Judicial populism may occur when judicial branches are much more influenced by the interest of people majority. In this context, it is when justices deliver decisions according to what the people wanted and not what it has to be decided by laws. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (MKRI) has the pivotal role to protect the Constitution, democracy, and the rule of law principles by adhering judicial independence in the decision making process. This paper aims to briefly find out whether the MKRI decisions on the particular issue of economic and social rights show the tendency of judicial populism and defending judicial independence. A brief conclusion would be drawn from the analysis of the two MKRI’s landmark decisions on the relevant issues of economic and social rights, in particular issues of Ulayat rights and educational rights (Case Number 35/PUU-X/2012 on the judicial review of Law No. 41 of 1999 on the Forest and Case Number No. 13/PUU-VII/2008 on the judicial review of Law No. 16 of 2008 on the Amendment of the Law No. 45/2007 on the State Budget). In a short analysis of both landmark decisions, the MKRI tends to defend its independence in delivering its decision. The Court also shows its consistency in protecting the Constitution by strictly upholding the constitutional values laid down in the Constitution and against the judicial populism. The Court in both decisions shows its constitutional commitment to preserving democratic values of minority-marginalized protection against the dominant-majoritarian interest. In the particular issue of education rights, the Court hinders the fulfilment of educational rights from the elite interest by preserving the constitutional purpose of making priority 20% for the education budget. In general, the MKRI has to guard preventing the Constitution and the rule of law principles, specifically on the issue of the protection of economic-social rights. It upholds judicial independence and put asides judicial populism.
Model Rekrutmen Penyelenggara Pemilu yang Independen dan Berintegritas di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Suranto Suranto , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Lailam Tanto
Published: June 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan mencari model rekrutmen penyelenggara pemilu di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang independen dan berintegritas dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model rekrutmen dalam Undang-undang No.12 Tahun 2008 masih melibatkan kekuasaan eksekutif (Gubernur atau Bupati/Walikota), sementara Undang-undang No.15 Tahun 2011 dan Undang-undang No.7 Tahun 2017 sudah terdapat model rekrutmen yang baik dan proses yang terukur. Sistem rekrutmen yang terkandung dalam Undang-undang No.7 Tahun 2017 sudah cukup ideal, beberapa keunggulan dari sistem ini adalah adanya keterlibatan publik dalam proses rekrutmen, sehingga hasil rekrutmen dapat dipertanggungjawabkan akuntabilitasnya. Selain itu, sistem yang saat ini dilakukan adalah melalui pembentukan Tim Seleksi yang terdiri dari unsur akademisi, profesional, dan tokoh masyarakat yang memiliki integritas. Namun, terdapat beberapa kelemahan,  yaitu: (1) rekrutmen Tim Seleksi harus dilakukan secara terbuka, (2) perpaduan sistem CAT dengan tertulis untuk menjamin calon penyelenggara pemilu memiliki kemampuan teoritis dan praktik secara baik; (3) keterlibatan KPU Provinsi dan Bawaslu Provinsi untuk memilih dan menetapkan calon penyelenggara pemilu tingkat Kabupaten/ Kota; (4) peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat bahwa lembaga penyelenggara pemilu merupakan lembaga yang independen dan profesional, sehingga politik preferensi bisa ditekan.
Positivisme dan Implikasinya terhadap Ilmu dan Penegakan Hukum oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi (Analisa Putusan Nomor 46/PUU-XIV/2016)
Authors: Sitabuana Tundjung Herning , Adhari Ade
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini mengungkap pertanyaan mendasar mengenai implikasi aliran positivisme terhadap ilmu dan penegakan hukum di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hasil kajian menunjukan Pertama, dalam tataran ilmu hukum, aliran ini memahamkan pada penganutnya bahwa ilmu hukum sebagai “suatu pemahaman normologis tentang makna hukum positif (normological apprehenson of the meaning of positive law)”. Pengembangan ilmu hukum kemudian dilakukan melalui kegiatan mempelajari, meneliti dan mengajarkan berbagai hukum positif,¾yang pada akhirnya pengembangan ilmu hukum lebih kearah ‘ilmu hukum dogmatik’. Kedua, pada tataran penegakan hukum di Mahkamah Konstitusi, implikasinya hakim mendasarkan proses penegakan hukum seperti apa yang diatur dalam norma positif peraturan perundang-undangan. Menegakan hukum menjadi identik dengan menegakan aturan positif. Hakim sebagai pengemban hukum praktis mahir dalam membaca dan membunyikan hukum positif dalam putusan hukumnya. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-XIV/2016 terkait keberadaan delik zina dalam KUHP menjadi salah satu putusan yang mendapat pengaruh kuat dari aliran ini.
Perlindungan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas dalam Memperoleh Pekerjaan dan Penghidupan yang Layak bagi Kemanusiaan
Authors: Widjaja Alia Harumdani , Wijayanti Winda , Yulistyaputri Rizkisyabana
Published: June 2020

Pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan adalah bagian dari hak asasi bagi setiap orang, termasuk Penyandang Disabilitas, sehingga UUD 1945 memberikan jaminan dan perlindungan hukum bagi pelaksanaannya. Permasalahannya adalah sikap diskriminatif terhadap penyandang disabilitas dan tingkat pendidikan penyandang disabilitas yang rendah sebagai kesenjangan antara penyandang disabilitas dengan pekerja non disabilitas. Ketiadaan data pasti terkait jumlah tenaga kerja penyandang disabilitas baik sektor swasta maupun sektor non swasta (PNS, BUMN dan BUMD) menimbulkan permasalahan tersendiri dalam perlindungan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Ketentuan minimal kuota 2 persen yang wajib bagi pemerintah, PEMDA, BUMN, dan BUMD dan 1 persen bagi perusahaan swasta dari jumlah pegawai atau pekerja dalam UU Penyandang Disabilitas ternyata juga tidak cukup memberikan perlindungan bagi Penyandang Disabilitas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif untuk meneliti peraturan perundang-undangan agar diperoleh keadilan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Hal itu menjadi sangat penting sebagai bentuk komitmen pemerintah melalui pengawasan dan pembenahan kebijakan menjadi sangat penting agar penyandang disabilitas memperoleh pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak.
Logic, Probability Theory, and their Application to Legal Reasoning
Authors: Hossain Soaad
Published: June 2020

Both the use of logic and probability theory are
heavily applied in many, if not all, areas and industries due to what they can
offer. Logic is well known for enabling one to comprehend many things which
include intentions, behavior, beliefs, intelligence, knowledge and languages,
and to create algorithms designed to solve simple and complex problems.
Probability theory is specifically designed to address uncertainty, which
uncertainty exists everywhere. Through pairing probability theory with other disciplines
is one able to address uncertainty in other fields. Combined, logic and
probability theory enable one to address complex problems in law. This paper
will first describe logic and probability theory, then address their
application to legal reasoning. Accordingly, I argue that logic and probability
theory can be used to validate thoughts and arguments made by lawyers and
judges, allowing for better understanding of the validity, coherency,
truthfulness of their arguments, and the correctness of the statements and
decisions made by them.
Aesthetics of the Narrative Climax in Contemporary TV Serials
Authors: Pérez López Héctor Julio
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to identify precisely how certain cognitive-emotional processes drawn out over time, propitiated by certain properties of the work, configure the aesthetic experience of a climax. I have chosen as my object of study a case in which the temporal prolongation of the work is evident: serial narration for the screen. Therefore, this article will progress from the description of two case studies: firstly, Bron/Broen, Season 1 (Hans Rosenfeldt, 2011-present), to focus on the climax of a whole season; and secondly, The Americans, Season 6 (Joe Weisberg, 2013-2018), where I will examine a phenomenon of greater temporal scope and explore the final climax of a whole serial. The main conclusion is that the climax in a series is the culmination of the artistically crafted convergence of prolonged temporal processes, which is key to the aesthetic experience and appreciation of the work. The first active ingredient of that convergence has been identified here as the set of strategies of temporal prolongation related to the main suspenseful events and plotlines, the second active ingredient is the set of prolonged temporal processes of character development, the third and final ingredient is the multiplot structure, which contributes both to the prolongation of the suspense and to enhancing the complexity of the characters. This convergence is an event in the spectator’s mind that is marked by emotional and cognitive intensity, to the extent that it can increase the degree of narrative absorption previously achieved. All this suggests that the aesthetic experience of the climax plays an important role in the aesthetic experience of the series as a whole, as the elements introduced in the climax, and their appreciation, may prove key to the viewer’s overall appreciation of the work.
"Autism is me": An investigation of how autistic individuals make sense of autism and stigma.
Authors: Botha Monique , Dibb Bridget , Frost David
Published: June 2020

There are many different perspectives for understanding autism. These perspectives may each convey different levels of stigma for autistic individuals. This qualitative study aimed to understand how autistic individuals make sense of their own autism and experience the stigma attached to autism. The study used critical grounded theory tools. Participants discussed autism as central to their identity, and integral to who they are. While participants thought of autism as value neutral, they expressed how society confers negative meanings onto autism, and thus, them. The findings also indicate that different understandings of autism confer different levels of stigma. Participants expressed constant exposure to stigma and managed this stigma in different ways. Such methods included reframing to more positive understandings of autism, the reclamation of language, and using concealment and disclosure strategically. The implications of these findings are discussed further in the article.
Policy Paper : STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK UNTUK ORANG ASLI PAPUA (OAP) DI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Ghani Mochammad Wahyu
Published: June 2020

Masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak Orang Asli Papua (OAP) merupakan bagian Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), maka pemenuhan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak OAP di Papua Barat merupakan pemenuhan terhadap HAM. Policy Paper ini bertujuan memberikan strategi alternatif untuk peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak di Provinsi Papua Barat. Pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang terkait dengan keterbatasan aspek struktural dan sosial- kultural. Aspek struktural dimanifestasikan dalam bentuk sarana dan prasarana kesehatan serta permasalahan kelembagaan dan regulasi. Sedangkan hambatan dari aspek sosial-kultural terkait dengan pengguna layanan kesehatan dari OAP, yakni: adat dan kebiasaan yang terkait dengan perilaku kesehatan ibu dan anak mulai dari usia remaja, saat kehamilan, saat persalinan, hingga masa menyusui. Terhadap permasalahan tersebut direkomendasikan secara struktural dan sosial-kultural dengan menggunakan pendekatan dari hulu ke hilir berdasarkan siklus hidup untuk meningkatkan pelayanan.… Read more
Emotion, entropy evaluations and subjective uncertainty
Authors: Bertram Lara , Schulz Eric , Hofer Matthias , Nelson Jonathan D.
Published: June 2020

A variety of conceptualizations of psychological uncertaintyexist. From an information-theoretic perspective, probabilistic uncertainty can be formalized as mathematical entropy. Cognitive emotion theories posit that uncertainty appraisals and motivation to reduce uncertainty are modulated by emotional state. Yet little is known about how people evaluate probabilistic uncertainty, and about how emotional state modulates people’s evaluations of probabilistic uncertainty and behavior to reduce probabilistic uncertainty. We tested intuitive entropyevaluations and entropy reduction strategies across four emotion conditions in the Entropy Mastermind game. We used the unified Sharma-Mittal space of entropy measures to quantify participants’ entropy evaluations. Results suggest that many people use a heuristic strategy, focusing on the number of possible outcomes, irrespective of the probabilities in the probability distribution. This result is surprising, given that previous work suggested that people are very sensitive to the maximum probability when choosing queries on probabilistic classification tasks. Emotion induction generally increased participants’heuristic assessment. The uncertainty associated with emotional states also affected game play: participants needed fewer queries and spent less time on games in high-uncertainty than in low-uncertainty emotional states. Yet entropy perceptions were not related to subjectively reported uncertainty, numeracy or entropy knowledge, suggesting that entropy perceptions may form an independent psychological construct.
Predictors of perceived teachers' and school counsellors’ work stress in the transition period of online education in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Košir Katja , Dugonik Špela , Huskić Adelisa , Gračner Jure , Kokol Zala , Krajnc Živa
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the predictors of work stress in elementary and upper-secondary school teachers and school counsellors in the initial period of online education in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 964 school professionals (90.7% teachers; 9.3% school counsellors) participated in the study. The results indicated that school professionals who reported higher ICT self-efficacy, had more positive attitudes toward distance education and perceived higher level of supervisor support experienced less stress. In addition, the participants that reported taking care of their own preschool or younger school children during the schools' closure reported higher levels of stress.
Navigating cross-cultural research: methodological and ethical considerations
Authors: Broesch Tanya , Crittenden Alyssa N. , Beheim Bret , Blackwell Aaron D , Bunce John A , Colleran Heidi , Hagel Kristin , Kline Michelle Ann , McElreath Richard , Nelson Robin , Pisor Anne , Prall Sean , Pretelli Ilaria , Purzycki Benjamin Grant , Quinn Elizabeth A , Ross Cody T. , Scelza Brooke , Starkweather Katie , Stieglitz Jonathan , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique
Published: June 2020

The intensifying pace of research based on cross-cultural studies in the social sciences necessitates a discussion of the unique challenges of multi-sited research. Given an increasing demand for social scientists to expand their data collection beyond WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations, there is an urgent need for transdisciplinary conversations on the logistical, scientific, and ethical considerations inherent in this type of scholarship. As a group of social scientists engaged in cross-cultural research in psychology and anthropology, we hope to guide prospective cross-cultural researchers through some of the complex scientific and ethical challenges involved in such work: (a) study site selection, (b) community involvement, and (c) culturally appropriate research methods. We aim to shed light on some of the difficult ethical quandaries of this type of research. Our recommendation emphasizes a community-centered approach, in which the desires of the community regarding research approach and methodology, community involvement, results communication and distribution, and data sharing are held in highest regard by the researchers. We argue that such considerations are central to scientific rigor and the foundation of the study of human behaviour.
A within-person approach to the relation between quality of task motivation, performance and job satisfaction in everyday working life
Authors: Hogenelst Koen , Schelvis Roos , Krone Tanja , Gagné Marylène , Heino Matti Toivo Juhani , Knittle Keegan Phillip , Hankonen Nelli
Published: June 2020

Previous research on work-related motivation and work-related outcomes generally shows that autonomous forms of motivation are associated with higher performance and job satisfaction, whereas controlled forms of motivation are generally linked to worse outcomes. These relationships are largely based on between-persons data from cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies with few measurement points. However, motivation quality, performance, and job satisfaction can vary considerably from day to day, both between and within individuals. The present study therefore combines between-persons and within-persons approaches to study the relationships between motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. Nineteen white-collar workers participated in the study. With a default protocol of 30 working days, an ecological momentary assessment app prompted participants five times a day to report their autonomous and controlled motivation for work tasks and their productivity and job satisfaction at the end of each day. Fourteen participants gathered sufficient data to compute within-person relations and individual networks. At the between person level, autonomous motivation was positively associated with productivity, whereas no association with job satisfaction was detected. No associations were detected between controlled motivation and productivity or job satisfaction. At group level within persons, (a) motivation during work tasks (autonomous or controlled) was not associated with self-reported productivity or job satisfaction at the end of that day, (b) self-reported productivity at the end of a day was negatively related to next day autonomous and controlled motivation, and (c) end of day job satisfaction was positively related to next day controlled motivation, but not autonomous motivation. Individual network analyses indicated considerable interindividual heterogeneity, especially in the relationships between motivation and job satisfaction. In conclusion, these findings point to significant variability in the observed relations between motivation, performance and job satisfaction, and highlight the added value of a within person approach and individual networks in addition to between-persons approaches. The implications of these findings for occupational wellbeing research are discussed.
Can the Political Ambition of Young Women Be Increased? Evidence from U.S. High School Students
Authors: Kalla Joshua , Porter Ethan
Published: June 2020

The under-representation of women in American politics can likely be explained, at least in part, by women’s comparatively lower levels of political ambition. We analyze a co-ed, religious program for high school students in which participants lobby their Members of Congress and receive political skills training. By leveraging longitudinal survey data about the participants and a difference-in-differences design, we find that the program successfully increased the political ambition of its female participants. To the best of our knowledge, we offer the first quasi-experimental evidence demonstrating a possible means of increasing the political ambition of high school-aged American women. Our results demonstrate that female political ambition can be increased without relying on programs that explicitly focus on gender and ambition.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI "TUYUHEJI" PADA INDUSTRI TEMPE SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN PENDAPATAN UKM
Authors: Mustiadi Lalu , Astuti Siswi , Rastini F. Endah Kusuma
Published: June 2020

Pengusaha tempe “Diwas Jaya Purwodadi” merupakan salah satu pemasok tempe di Pasar Lawang Kabupaten Malang, pada proses pembuatannya menggunakan teknologi sederhana. Perebusan kedelai menggunakan bahan bakar kayu dan tangki perebusan menggunakan bahan aluminium. Bahan bakar kayu yang digunakan perbulan sebanyak 2 pickup dengan harga Rp600.000,00. Ruang pembersihan kulit kedelai, jadi satu dengan kandang sapi, ruang fermentasi berdinding batu bata dan berlantai tanah. Ruang produksi menjadi satu dengan rumah induk, sehingga asap pembakaran kayu bakar masuk ke dalam ruangan. Ditengarai oleh dokter puskesmas, ini salah satu penyebab dari penyakit sesak napas yang diderita oleh istri pengusaha tempe Diwas Jaya. Dari hasil produksi dan pemasaran yang dilaksanakan, laba kotor tanpa hitungan tiga pekerja perhari sebesar Rp 150.000,00. Oleh karena itu solusi dan rencana kegiatan yang diusulkan adalah pembuatan tungku kayu hemat energi (TUYUHEJI) yang ramah lingkungan, perbaikan fasilitas fermentasi, pembuatan media pemasaran on-line, pembuatan software administrasi keuangan. Setelah memakai TUYUHEJI terbukti adanya penurunan pemakaian bahan bakar 50%, tidak ada asap yang berasal dari pembakaran kayu, waktu pemasakan kedelai menjadi lebih pendek dan terjadi kenaikan produksi 20%. Pada waktu awal sekolah dan waktu banyak hajatan, semua pengusaha tempe mengalami penurunan,sehingga dilakukan pelatihan tambahan untuk membuat makanan berbahan dasar tempe. Adanya peningkatan pemahaman tentang sanitasi dan higienitas makanan serta keamanan pangan, sehingga tempat pendinginan kedelai dan tempat fermentasi semakin rapih dan bersih, susunan kedelai lebih kompak, rasa tempe menjadi lebih enak, dan pada tempe tidak ada mikroba e-coli. Dengan pemahaman manajemen usaha, sekarang telah ada laporan keuangan secara tertulis.
Using Mental Health First Aid Training to Improve the Mental Health Literacy of Physiotherapy Students
Authors: Edgar Susan , Connaughton Joanne
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training has been proven to improve the literacy of trainees and reduce the stigma they may have toward individuals with mental health problems in the general population. Our research was designed to determine whether MHFA training had an impact on physiotherapy students’ attitudes toward psychiatry and mental illness, their confidence to engage with people with mental health problems, and their preparedness for practice. Method: Final-year students from one university who had finished MHFA training completed a questionnaire that included the Attitudes Toward Psychiatry–30 and questions about their perceived confidence in working with people with mental illness and preparedness for practice. Their responses were compared with those from a previous cohort of students at the same point in their university education who had not completed MHFA training. Results: The students who had completed MHFA training (response rate 83%) had a more positive attitude toward psychiatry and mental illness than those who had not ( p < 0.001). Their confidence in treating people with mental health problems also increased, and to a statistically significant extent ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: MHFA training appeared to improve students’ attitudes toward psychiatry and mental health, increase their confidence in treating people with mental health problems, and better prepare them for practice.
Implementierung von unternehmensübergreifender Traceability
Authors: Benfer Martin , Gartner Patrizia , Treber Stefan , Kuhnle Andreas , Häfner Benjamin , Lanza Gisela
Published: June 2020

Kurzfassung

Die Nachverfolgbarkeit (engl. traceability) von Produkten entlang ihres Lebenszyklus ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für zahlreiche Anwendungsfelder: der Ermöglichung von Kreislaufwirtschaftsprozessen, dem Schutz vor Produktpiraterie und der zielgerichteten Qualitätssicherung. Jedoch existieren über die gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Standards hinaus wenig umfassende Lösungen, um Produkte unternehmensübergreifend nachzuverfolgen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt ein Konzept zur strukturierten Konzeption, Implementierung und Bewertung solcher Traceability-Systeme.
Supply-Chain-Management 4.0
Authors: Pause Daniel , Holtkemper David , Kraut Andreas , Marek Svenja , Janßen Jokim , Linnartz Maria , Schmitz Sebastian
Published: June 2020

Kurzfassung

Viele Unternehmen erhoffen sich enorme Wachstumschancen durch Digitalisierung, Vernetzung und neue Technologien. Daher ist der Reifegrad der Digitalisierung eines Unternehmens von besonderer Bedeutung, um den Status des Unternehmens zu überprüfen. Im Rahmen der acatech-Studie wurde ein Index entwickelt, um den Reifegrad von produzierenden Unternehmen zu bestimmen. Diese Bewertung berücksichtigt jedoch den Bereich des Lieferkettenmanagements nicht ausreichend. Infolgedessen müssen diesbezüglich weitere Merkmale entwickelt werden, um den Reifegrad der Digitalisierung innerhalb einer Lieferkette zu bestimmen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Datenverarbeitung, Kommunikation, Schnittstellenarbeit und Sicherheit, Netzwerkzusammenarbeit und Änderungsmanagement.
XRD investigation of the Cu and Mn effects on the oxide scale of hot rolled AISI 304L stainless steel after annealing and shot-blasting
Authors: Lothongkum Gobboon , Tiyawatwitthaya Chockanan , Prawetpai Nipa , Lothongkum Anchaleeporn W.
Published: June 2020

The oxide scales of hot-rolled, annealed hot-rolled, and shot blasted annealed hot-rolled AISI 304L stainless steel with 0.2-0.4 wt.-%Cu and 1.0-1.7 wt.-%Mn were investigated by XRD. Mn but not Cu showed its effects on the oxide compounds. In the hot-rolled state, the oxide compounds consisted of Fe2O3 and Cr1.5Mn1.5O4 in all tested steels. Mn-rich (Fe,Mn)2SiO4 was found in the oxide of the tested steel with 1.2 wt.-%Mn while Mn3O4 was found in the oxide of the tested steel with 1.7 wt.-%Mn. The addition of Mn promoted the formations of Cr1.5Mn1.5O4, Mn-rich (Fe,Mn)2SiO4 and Mn3O4. The oxide compounds developed from Fe2O3 to (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3 or Cr1.3Fe0.7O3, Cr1.5Mn1.5O4 to CrMn2O4 and Mn-rich (Fe,Mn)2SiO4 to (Fe,Mn)2SiO4 after the annealing process. The shot blasting process of annealed hot-rolled 304L stainless steel descaled the outer oxides as (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3 and (Fe,Mn)2SiO4 and revealed the inner oxides Cr1.3Fe0.7O3, CrMn2O4 and Cr2O3. The results clearly showed that the fraction of CrMn2O4 increased according to the Mn content.
A physically based material model for the simulation of friction stir welding
Authors: Panzer Florian , Shishova Elizaveta , Werz Martin , Weihe Stefan , Eberhard Peter , Schmauder Siegfried
Published: June 2020

A physically based material model, taking into account the interdependence of material microstructure and yield strength, is presented for an Al 5182 series aluminum alloy for the simulation of friction stir welding using continuum mechanics approaches. A microstructure evolution equation considering dislocation density and grain size is used in conjunction with a description of yield stress. In order to fit experimental stress-strain curves, obtained from compression tests at various strain rates and temperatures, phenomenological relationships are developed for some of the model parameters. The material model is implemented in smoothed particle hydrodynamic research code as well as in the commercial finite element code Abaqus. Simulations for various strain rates and temperatures were performed and compared with experimental results as well as between the two discretization methods in order to verify the material model and the implementation. Simulations provide not only an accurate approximation of stress based on temperature, strain rate, and strain but also an improved insight into the microstructural evolution of the material.
Mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of three-dimensional braided composites at different temperatures
Authors: Jiang Weimin , Zhou Junmeng , Mei Jie , Liu Jiayi , Huang Wei
Published: June 2020

This investigation explored the effect of temperature on the compressive behaviors and failure mechanism of three dimensional (3D) carbon/ epoxy five-directional braided composite laminates. The compression tests of 3D braided composite laminates were performed at six different temperatures, which are 20 °C (room temperature), 50 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C, 110 °C and 130 °C, respectively. Then the effect of temperature on the failure mechanism, stress-strain curves, compressive modulus and strength of the composite laminates were analyzed and compared to that at room temperature. The results have shown that the temperature had a significant effect on the compressive properties and failure mechanism of 3D braided composite laminates. At 20 °C and 50 °C, the 3D braided composite laminates failed by shear fracture, and the stress-strain curves exhibited obvious linear elasticity and a brittle failure feature. While, at higher temperatures (70 °C, 90 °C, 110 °C and 130 °C), it was found that the specimens exhibited obvious plastic kinking, and the stress-strain curves exhibited obvious non-linear trend and a plastic failure feature due to the epoxy resin matrix becoming softened and plastic. The compressive modulus and strength decreased as temperature increased. The compressive modulus and strength decreased by 92.3 % and 93.8 % when the temperature increased from 20 °C to 130 °C.
Seagull optimization algorithm for solving real-world design optimization problems
Authors: Panagant Natee , Pholdee Nantiwat , Bureerat Sujin , Kaen Khon , Yıldız Ali Rıza , Sait Sadiq M.
Published: June 2020

In this research paper, a new surrogate-assisted metaheuristic for shape optimization is proposed. A seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) is used to solve the shape optimization of a vehicle bracket. The design problem is to find structural shape while minimizing structural mass and meeting a stress constraint. Function evaluations are carried out using finite element analysis and estimated by using a Kriging model. The results show that SOA has outstanding features just as the whale optimization algorithm and salp swarm optimization algorithm for designing optimal components in the industry.
Postoperative Management of Patients with Cervicofacial Free Flap in Surgical Intensive Care Unit: An Updated Clinical Protocol
Authors: Motamed Cyrus , Motamed Cyrus , Bordenave Lauriane , Suria Stéphanie
Published: June 2020

Postoperative management of complex cervico-facial cancer tumor removal followed by free flap
reconstruction is evolving since its early beginning 20 years ago. Flap surveillance is a major goal in this
period, however the management of comorbidities to predict a favorable outcome cannot be neglected.
Based on our experience in this field and recent literature we updated our postoperative management
protocol which focus on management of different comorbidities to maintain favorable outcome for the
graft and the patient.
Maxillary Sinusitis of Odontogenic Origin in Relation to Ectopic 2.8 Associated with Follicular Dentigerous Cyst – Combined Transnasal and Oral Endoscopic Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Bacci Christian , Alessia Cerrato , Bacci Christian , Boccuto Mariagrazia , Ragona Rosario Marchese , Gastone Zanette
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To describe the management of orosinusal pathology by combined transnasal and oral endoscopy.
Methods: The 54-year-old patient underwent a dental and otolaryngological evaluation for left odontogenic
maxillary sinusitis in relation to plausible dental follicular cyst of ectopic element 2.8. The symptoms
reported at the time of access to the hospital were nasal obstruction and nocturnal rhonchopathy. In the ENT
evaluation by videorhinoscopy with rigid optics, complex deviation of the nasal septum was revealed,
without any evident formation or pathological secretion. On inspection of the oral cavity, the mucous
membranes appeared unscathed. The previously extracted aleveolus of 1.6 was evident. The radiological
examination, facial CT, revealed the left maxillary sinus almost completely occupied by a cystic appearance,
with thin calcified walls and homogeneous content that had a dental element, probably the 2.8, which
fenestrates the vestibular cortex of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. This lesion erodes the medial wall
of the sinus, obliterating the ostiomeatal complex and imprinting the ipsilateral ethmoidal cells. Biohumoral
tests showed normal coagulation parameters, indices of renal function, liver and ionemia. The patient under
general anesthesia and oral intubation with a combined intervention of the left anterior FESS, intrasulcular
flap from dental elements 2.7 to 2.3 with mesial releasing incision, moderate osteotomy, ectopic 2.8
extraction and enucleation of the cystic lesion with simultaneous closure of the orosinusal communication
with advancement of the Bichat fat pad and closure by first intention. In the same session, the ENT moment
is carried out transnasally for total left uncinectomy, medium antrostomy with the union of the natural
ostium and the accessory ostium. Bilateral lower turbinoplasty with bipolar forceps. The patient was then
controlled after 15 days and then six months, showing good healing and no signs of recurrence at the
rhinoscopic check on the physical examination of the oral cavity.
Results: Based on the clinical and radiological aspect, the diagnosis of a follicular dentigerous cyst (WHO
2017) covered by a multi-layered non-keratinized paving epithelium, with moderate chronic inflammation,
including gigantocellular and cholesteric crystals, is reached from the microbiological and histological
examination. Necrotic amorphous material coexists including rare hyphae and fungal spores, with mycotic
and actinomycotic superinfection.
Conclusions: The combined oral and nasal intervention, allowed by the collaboration between the oral
surgeon and ENT, has made it possible to shorten the healing time and resolve the pathology without
recurrence.
Management of a 12-Year-Old Patient with Complex Odontoma, Impacted First Molar, Pericoronal Dentigerous Cyst and Involvement of Inferior Alveolar Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Bacci Christian , Alessia Cerrato , Bacci Christian , Luca Sbricoli , Gastone Zanette
Published: June 2020

Complex odontoma, associated with an impacted tooth and a dentigerous cyst is a rare condition, especially
in children. The management of such young patients could be difficult, and many aspects must be taken into
consideration, like the patient’s collaboration during the procedures and the possibility of nerve damage. In
this case report, we describe how to manage these kinds of patients, in order to reduce the risks and improve
cooperation, taking advantage of the great benefits of conscious sedation.