bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floral micromorphology and microsporogenesis of the gynodioecious herb Glechoma longituba (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Jang Tae‐Soo , Hong Suk‐Pyo
Published: December 2015

Gynodioecy, the phenomenon of having both hermaphrodite and female (i.e. male‐sterile) individuals within the same population, is an important intermediate step in the evolution of separate sexes in flowering plants. In this study, we investigated the floral micromorphology and microsporogenesis of the gynodioecious herb Glechoma longituba from four natural populations in Korea. The floral micromorphological characters of the different sex morphs were examined and compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ultrastructure of microspores during microsporogenesis was studied. We also examined the development of anthers and pollen grains in the three sexual morphs (i.e. hermaphrodites, females, and gynomonoecious, i.e. individuals with a mixture of female and hermaphroditic flowers) by embryological investigation. The major difference in anther development between the three phenotypes was the early disintegration of the tapetal cells in the anthers of female flowers. While mature fertile pollen grains were found in both hermaphrodite and gynomonoecious phenotypes, females did not produce any pollen grains. In addition, both fertile and sterile pollen grains in gynomonoecious phenotypes were frequently observed. The results of the present study indicate that floral micromorphological characters were not distinct between sexual morphs of G. longituba, except for the structure of the inner cell surfaces of the anther. The observed tapetum abnormalities and degeneration of pollen grains in both gynomonoecious phenotypes and females may be the consequence of inbreeding depression in hermaphrodites.
Fellhaneropsis almquistiorum sp. nov. from Europe (Pilocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: Ekman Stefan
Published: December 2015

Fellhaneropsis almquistiorum S. Ekman, a lichenized ascomycete in the family Pilocarpaceae (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes) is described as new to science. It is characterized by the thin and filmy crustose thallus, small photobiont, apothecia with a yellowish to black disk and well developed black margin that becomes excluded with age, dark green and brown pigmentation in the proper exciple and hypothecium, a hymenium without pigment or with some green and brown pigment, more or less fusiform and 3‐septate ascospores, abundant black pycnidia, and long and filiform conidia. The species is currently known from central Sweden and central Germany, where it inhabits shaded and acid to neutral rocks with few competing lichens. Historical records were all misidentified as Bacidia coprodes or any of its synonyms or misapplied names. Some specimens of F. almquistiorum contain a previously unrecorded pigment, tentatively named here Almquistiorum‐yellow. This pigment is intensely golden yellow in water, does not react with KOH and fades with the addition of HCl or HNO3. A key to all known, pycnidiate members of Fellhaneropsis is provided.
What is Said?
Authors: Schoubye Anders J. , Stokke Andreas
Published: December 2015

It is sometimes argued that certain sentences of natural language fail to express truth conditional contents. Standard examples include e.g.Tipper is readyandSteel is strong enough. In this paper, we provide a novel analysis of truth conditional meaning (what is said) using the notion of a question under discussion. This account (i) explains why these types of sentences are not, in fact, semantically underdetermined (yet seem truth conditionally incomplete), (ii) provides a principled analysis of the process by which natural language sentences (in general) can come to have enriched meanings in context, and (iii) shows why various alternative views, e.g. so‐called Radical Contextualism, Moderate Contextualism, and Semantic Minimalism, are partially right in their respective analyses of the problem, but also all ultimately wrong. Our analysis achieves this result using a standard truth conditional and compositional semantics and without making any assumptions about enriched logical forms, i.e. logical forms containing phonologically null expressions.
SET DOMAIN GROUP 708, a histone H3 lysine 36‐specific methyltransferase, controls flowering time in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Liu Bing , Wei Gang , Shi Jinlei , Jin Jing , Shen Ting , Ni Ting , Shen Wen‐Hui , Yu Yu , Dong Aiwu
Published: December 2015

As a key epigenetic modification, the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) modulates chromatin structure and is involved in diverse biological processes.

To better understand the language of H3K36 methylation in rice (Oryza sativa), we chose potential histone methylation enzymes for functional exploration. In particular, we characterized rice SET DOMAIN GROUP 708 (SDG708) as an H3K36‐specific methyltransferase possessing the ability to deposit up to three methyl groups on H3K36.

Compared with the wild‐type, SDG708‐knockdown rice mutants displayed a late‐flowering phenotype under both long‐day and short‐day conditions because of the down‐regulation of the key flowering regulatory genes Heading date 3a (Hd3a), RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1), and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that H3K36me1, H3K36me2, and H3K36me3 levels were reduced at these loci in SDG708‐deficient plants. More importantly, SDG708 was able to directly target and effect H3K36 methylation on specific flowering genes. In fact, knockdown of SDG708 led to misexpression of a set of functional genes and a genome‐wide decrease in H3K36me1/2/3 levels during the early growth stages of rice.

SDG708 is a methyltransferase that catalyses genome‐wide deposition of all three methyl groups on H3K36 and is involved in many biological processes in addition to flowering promotion.
Structural polymorphisms and distinct genomic composition suggest recurrent origin and ongoing evolution of B chromosomes in the Prospero autumnale complex (Hyacinthaceae)
Authors: Jang Tae‐Soo , Parker John S. , Weiss‐Schneeweiss Hanna
Published: December 2015

Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are genomic parasitic components, originating from the A complement via chromosomal rearrangements, which follow their own evolutionary trajectories. They often contain repetitive DNAs, some shared with regular chromosomes and some newly evolved. Genomic composition, origin and evolution of Bs have been analysed in the chromosomally variable Prospero autumnale complex.

Two rDNAs and a satellite DNA (PaB6) from regular chromosomes were mapped to Bs of 26 plants from three diploid cytotypes, their hybrids and polyploid derivatives. In homoploid diploid hybrids, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) allowed B painting with the parental DNAs.

Bs were structurally variable and highly enriched in 5S rDNA and satDNA PaB6, and rarely in 35S rDNA. Eleven combinations of rDNA and PaB6 localization were observed. The quantities of PaB6 in Bs and regular chromosomes were not correlated, suggesting amplification mechanisms other than recombination. PaB6 and 5S rDNA amounts increased with increasing ploidy level. GISH revealed two independent origins of Bs.

The structural variation, repeat content, repeat‐type fluctuations and differing genomic affinities of Bs in different cytotypes suggest that they represent young proto‐B chromosomes. Bs in P. autumnale probably form recurrently as by‐products of the extensive genome restructuring within this chromosomally variable species complex.
The association between emotions and eating behaviour in an obese population with binge eating disorder
Authors: Nicholls W. , Devonport T. J. , Blake M.
Published: December 2015

There is utility in understanding the antecedents of binge eating (BE), with a view to explaining poorer weight loss treatment responses in this subgroup. A systematic review was completed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with the aim of exploring associations between emotions and eating behaviour in a population affected by obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). A comprehensive literature search of four electronic databases (2004–2014) yielded 15 studies for inclusion. Included studies performed poorly on data quality analysis with respect to controlling for confounding variables, and sample size. Included papers largely focused on negative emotions as antecedents of BE; depression was consistently associated with a BED‐obese classification and BE. Negative mood, sadness, tension and instability of emotions were found to be antecedents of BE in an adult BED‐obese sample. However, findings were mixed regarding the role of stress, anger and positive emotions within the BED‐obese population. Recommendations are presented for the identification of BED, and ecologically valid experimental designs that further understanding of the complex and varied emotions that associate with BE. The implications of these and other limitations for both researchers and practitioners are discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research alongside suggestions for practitioners. © 2015 World Obesity
CSR ecological strategies and plant mating systems: outcrossing increases with competitiveness but stress‐tolerance is related to mixed mating
Authors: Munoz François , Violle Cyrille , Cheptou Pierre‐Olivier
Published: December 2015

A number of plant traits influence the success of fertilization and reproduction in plants. Collectively these traits represent ecological syndromes that are of evolutionary significance. However, while an association between mating system and colonizing ability has been proposed, the existence of a broader relationship between mating system and a species’ position in ecological succession has not been extensively investigated. Grime's CSR theory stresses that an ecological succession can involve changes from colonizing to either competitive or stress‐tolerant strategies. How distinct dimensions of competitiveness and stress tolerance covary with mating systems has still not been considered. We designed a comparative approach to evaluate the link between mating system, life form and CSR strategies for 1996 herbaceous and woody species. We found that CSR strategies are significantly related to mating systems. Ruderal species – colonizers in early succession – were mostly selfers while more competitive species were more often outcrossers. On the other hand, greater physiological stress tolerance was associated with mixed mating systems. Outcrossing is classically expected to be advantageous for most life history strategies other than colonizers, but we suggest that reproductive assurance can counterbalance this effect in stressful environments where populations are sparse and pollinators are rare. Therefore, our results emphasize that competition and abiotic stresses are not equivalent selective pressures on the evolution of mating systems. Finally, we found plant life span to convey additional information on mating system variation, supporting its role for mating system evolution. These findings encourage further investigation of the evolutionary role of ecological strategies as syndromes of traits and suggest that the emergence of large databases of plant traits will help address the major evolutionary hypotheses on such syndromes.
Microhabitat partitioning in seagrass mesograzers is driven by consistent species choices across multiple predator and competitor contexts
Authors: Lürig Moritz D. , Best Rebecca J. , Stachowicz John J.
Published: December 2015

Explanations for the coexistence of multiple species from the same functional group or taxonomic clade frequently include fine‐scale resource partitioning. However, despite the hypothesized importance of niche partitioning, we know relatively little about the underlying mechanisms. For example, differences in resource use may be fixed consequences of organism traits, or they may be achieved via context‐dependent behaviors. In this study we investigated mechanisms of microhabitat partitioning using eight species of marine mesograzers inhabiting seagrass and algae habitats, using laboratory trials to measure microhabitat use in the presence and absence of both predators and competitors. We found clear evidence for microhabitat partitioning between the species, which account for over 60% of the mesograzers commonly found in this system and vary in both body size and the ability to build tubes on habitat substrates. Species‐specific microhabitat use was poorly predicted by these two traits, but remained remarkably consistent across contexts. Habitat use was not affected by the presence of fish predators common in this system, even though predation pressure is thought to place strong constraints on microhabitat in communities of plant‐associated arthropods. The presence of competing species also did not affect the relative separation of microhabitat use. Behavioral responses to potential competitors did cause significant changes in microhabitat use in all of the smallest species, but these changes did not depend on competitor identity and were relatively small compared to among‐species patterns of microhabitat partitioning. The consistency of species‐specific microhabitat use, regardless of the presence of predators or competitors, should make coexistence most likely among species that differ in these choices. For these species, it appears that the benefits accrued from their selected microhabitats are not affected by species interactions, or that any benefits of alternative microhabitat use are outweighed by risks associated with movement.
Evolution of resource use along a gradient of stress leads to increased facilitation
Authors: Lawrence Diane , Barraclough Timothy G.
Published: December 2015

The stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) posits that the relative importance of facilitative interactions versus negative interactions increases as levels of abiotic stress increase. Originally formulated in empirical studies of plant populations, in recent years the SGH has been found to describe how interactions change in response to stress in a wide range of species including algae, mussels and moths. However, there has been little theory attempting to predict patterns from first principles in relation to different types of interactions. Here, we use mathematical models of microbial populations to investigate whether patterns consistent with the SGH arise when species interact through resource use and allelopathy. Evolution alters the degree to which competition for resource use versus facilitation (cross‐feeding) occurs. Our results are consistent with the SGH; species interactions evolve to be more facilitative as average stress intensifies. This occurs because at greater stress the species evolve to become specialists on either of the two resources thereby decreasing overlap in resource use and increasing facilitation through cross‐feeding. In addition, the production of toxic allelopathic compounds decreases as stress intensifies due to density‐dependent effects. Our results suggest that the SGH could arise through fundamental interactions that are common to many organisms and therefore that the SGH could be a more widespread phenomenon than previously recognised.
Linear Morphea Mimicking Lichen Striatus in Its Early Presentation
Authors: Muñoz Garza Fania Zamantta , Manubens Mercadè Elena , Roè Crespo Esther , Puig Sanz Lluis , Baselga Torres Eulàlia
Published: December 2015

Linear morphea and lichen striatus are distinct conditions that have been linked in only one previous case report. We describe two patients with facial lichen striatus preceding linear morphea at the same site. A possible pathogenic relationship is discussed.
Neonatal Blue Light Phototherapy and Melanocytic Nevus Count in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lai Yi Chun , Yew Yik Weng
Published: December 2015

Background

Neonatal blue light phototherapy (NBLP) is an established method of managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Approximately 5% of newborns are exposed to NBLP. Evidence of whether NBLP predisposes to the development of melanocytic nevi later in life has been conflicting.

Objectives

The goal of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantitatively assess the effect of NBLP on melanocytic nevus count.

Methods

We searched for observational studies in Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register from their inception to April 15, 2015. Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed. DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the Egger's test.

Results

Five studies with a total of 2,921 subjects were included, of whom 642 underwent NBLP. With random‐effects modeling, those who had previous NBLP did not have a significantly higher mean number of melanocytic nevi (WMD = 0.32 [95% confidence interval −0.67, 1.31], p = 0.53). Visual inspection of the funnel plot suggested potential publication bias, although the Egger's test (p = 0.09) indicated no small‐study effect.

Conclusion

There was no evidence that prior NBLP exposure significantly increased the number of melanocytic nevi. Available evidence has not revealed any cause for major concern for NBLP. Other risk factors such as exposure to sunlight, childhood history of sunburn, and fair skin complexion might play a greater role in the development of melanocytic nevi in childhood.
Pragmatics and Semantics and Husserl and Derrida
Authors: Kates Joshua
Published: December 2015

This piece undertakes to sketch the contemporary approaches toward meaning known as pragmatics and semantics. Today, this pairing is associated with a controversy or question that concerns the proposition (the portion of what is said or meant or expressed by sentences, capable of being true or false). Yet, while the pragmatics/semantics debate attests to the proposition's precise status being in doubt, the underlying belief remains that the work of the proposition or something like it – e.g., utterances, a portion of which function propositionally – eventually can be established. Jacques Derrida in his writings on Husserl questions even this assumption. He argues that there is an internal limit to propositionality (without abandoning this notion entirely), thanks to a writing (écriture) that ultimately exceeds it. Moreover, Derrida focuses on themes (in particular, the index and what Husserl called essentially occasional expressions) that are central for the discussions of semantics and pragmatics, while a good deal of common ground exists between Derrida's interlocutor, Husserl, and the analytic tradition. Accordingly, after here reviewing pragmatics and semantics, and some of the complexity of their relation, I turn to Husserl and to Derrida ultimately for a perspective that calls into doubt these projects as such.
Experimental Philosophy of Aesthetics
Authors: Cova Florian , Garcia Amanda , Liao Shen‐yi
Published: December 2015

In the past decade, experimental philosophy – the attempt at making progress on philosophical problems using empirical methods – has thrived in a wide range of domains. However, only in recent years has aesthetics succeeded in drawing the attention of experimental philosophers. The present paper constitutes the first survey of these works and of the nascent field of ‘experimental philosophy of aesthetics’. We present both recent experimental works by philosophers on topics such as the ontology of aesthetics, aesthetic epistemology, aesthetic concepts, and imagination, as well as research from other disciplines that not only are relevant to philosophy of aesthetics but also open new avenues of research for experimental philosophy of aesthetics. Overall, we conclude that the birth of an experimental philosophy of aesthetics is good news not only for aesthetics but also for experimental philosophy itself, as it contributes to broaden the scope of experimental philosophy.
Revisiting Foucault's ‘Normative Confusions’: Surveying the Debate Since the Collège de France Lectures
Authors: Mayes Christopher R.
Published: December 2015

At once historical and philosophical, Michel Foucault used his genealogical method to expose the contingent conditions constituting the institutions, sciences and practices of the present. His analyses of the asylum, clinic, prison and sexuality revealed the historical, political and epistemological forces that make up certain types of subjects, sciences and sites of control. Although noting the originality of his work, a number of early critics questioned the normative framework of Foucault's method. Nancy Fraser argued that Foucault's genealogical method was ‘normatively confused’ as it implied political critique yet claimed to be value‐neutral. Jürgen Habermas and Charles Taylor also questioned the normative basis of Foucault's appeals to critique, arguing it was self‐refuting as Foucault left no room for the subject to escape power. Although a debate among these scholars was planned for the mid‐1980s, Foucault's death in 1984 meant this could not occur. A number of edited volumes sought to fabricate a debate, with defenders of Foucault excavating his published monographs to construct responses to his critics. While the monographs remain the central texts of Foucault's oeuvre, over the past decade his Collège de France lectures have been published and translated into English. This article offers a schematic survey of the influence of the Collège de France lectures in recasting different points in the debates over normativity, critique and resistance.
Gp91phox‐derived Reactive Oxygen Species/Urocortin 2/Corticotropin‐releasing Hormone Receptor Type 2 Play an Important Role in Long‐term Ultraviolet A Eye Irradiation‐induced Photoaging
Authors: Hiramoto Keiichi , Yamate Yurika
Published: December 2015

Photoaging is induced by long‐term ultraviolet A (UVA) eye irradiation. However, the mechanism of skin damage due to UVA eye irradiation is still not well understood. In this study, we used C57BL/6j and gp91phox knockout (gp91phox−/−) mice for the long‐term effects of UVA irradiation. The eye or dorsal skin of the mice was locally exposed to UVA for 12 months. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), gp91phox, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin 2, and CRH receptor (CRHR) type 1 and type 2 levels in the brain and mast cell tryptase and histamine levels in the dorsal skin all increased after UVA irradiation. The levels of CRH, urocortin 2, CRHR type 1 and type 2 in the brain also increased more after UVA eye irradiation than after UVA skin irradiation. Moreover, photoaging of the UVA eye irradiation mice was not induced following the administration of a ROS inhibitor in the brain. In addition, in gp91phox−/− mice, photoaging by UVA eye irradiation was not induced. These results indicate that long‐term UVA eye irradiation led to increased gp91phox‐derived ROS in the brain and the increased expression of urocortin 2 and CRHR type 2, resulting in photoaging; however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and the Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Early Childhood
Authors: Anderson Laura N. , Lebovic Gerald , Hamilton Jill , Hanley Anthony J. , McCrindle Brian W. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Parkin Patricia C. , Birken Catherine S. ,   TARGet Kids Collaboration
Published: December 2015

Background

Obesity has its origins in early childhood; however, there is limited evidence of the association between anthropometric indicators and cardiometabolic risk factors in young children. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors and to explore the clustering of these factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in children aged 1–5 years through TARGet Kids! (n = 2917). Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between BMI and WC z‐scores and individual traditional and possible non‐traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. The underlying clustering of these measures was evaluated using principal components analysis (PCA).

Results

Child obesity (BMI z‐score >2) was associated with high (>90th percentile) leptin [odds ratio (OR) 8.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.56, 14.58] and insulin (OR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.05, 2.94). WC z‐score >1 was associated with high insulin (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11, 2.28), leptin (OR 5.48, 95% CI 3.48, 8.63) and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 75 nmol/L (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08, 1.79). BMI and WC were not associated with other traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, including non‐High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose. Among children 3–5 years (n = 1035) the PCA of traditional risk factors identified three components: adiposity/blood pressure, metabolic, and lipids. The inclusion of non‐traditional risk factors identified four additional components but contributed minimally to the total variation explained.

Conclusions

Anthropometric indicators are associated with selected cardiometabolic risk factors in early childhood, although the clustering of risk factors suggests that adiposity is only one distinct component of cardiometabolic risk. The measurement of other risk factors beyond BMI and WC may be important in defining cardiometabolic risk in early childhood.
Changes in c‐erbB‐2 Immunoexpression in Feline Endometrial Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Saraiva AL , Payan‐Carreira R , Gärtner F , Faria F , Lourenço LM , Pires MA
Published: December 2015

Contents

Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (c‐erbB‐2), an oncoprotein with potential prognostic marker and therapeutic use, is overexpressed in several human and animal tumours. But information regarding this molecule in feline tumours is scarce. This study aimed to assess the changes in the immunohistochemical expression of c‐erbB‐2 in feline endometrial adenocarcinomas (FEA) compared to normal endometrium. An immunohistochemistry assay using a specific antibody against c‐erbB‐2 was performed in FEA samples (n = 34) and in normal endometrium in the follicular (FS; n = 12) and luteal (LS; n = 11) stages. In FEA, the c‐erbB‐2 immunoexpression was assessed in neoplastic epithelial cells whilst in normal endometria it was individually evaluated in the surface and the superficial and deep glandular epithelia (SE, SGE and DGE, respectively). In FS and in LS, all the epithelia were positive for c‐erbB‐2; positivity was higher in the SE and the SGE than in DGE. Twenty of the 34 FEA samples (58.8%) were positive for c‐erbB‐2 immunolabelling. Nevertheless, its expression was higher in all the epithelia in the FS compared to FEA (p ≤ 0.0001) or the LS (p = 0.016). The results presented herein suggest that c‐erbB‐2 molecule is differently expressed in the feline endometrium through the oestrous cycle and though it may also be involved in feline endometrial carcinogenesis, a question remains unanswered on the importance of additional pathways of epithelial proliferation in the neoplastic changes in feline endometrium.
Association of sedentary time and physical activity with pain, fatigue, and impact of fibromyalgia: the al‐Ándalus study
Authors: Segura‐Jiménez V. , Borges‐Cosic M. , Soriano‐Maldonado A. , Estévez‐López F. , Álvarez‐Gallardo I. C. , Herrador‐Colmenero M. , Delgado‐Fernández M. , Ruiz J. R.
Published: December 2015

We examined the association of objectively measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) levels with pain, fatigue, and the impact of the disease in women with fibromyalgia. Four hundred and nineteen (mean age ± SD = 51.7 ± 7.6 years old) women with fibromyalgia participated. ST and PA levels (light, moderate, and moderate‐to‐vigorous [MVPA]) were measured with triaxial accelerometry. We assessed experimental pain with algometry and clinical pain, fatigue, and impact of fibromyalgia with a number of questionnaires. The association of ST and light PA with most of the pain‐ and fatigue‐related outcomes and impact of fibromyalgia (all, P ≤ 0.019) was independent of moderate and vigorous PA. Furthermore, the association of vigorous PA with general and physical fatigue was independent of ST and light and moderate PA (all, P < 0.001). In conclusion, lower levels of ST or higher levels of light PA are associated with lower pain, fatigue, and the overall impact of the disease independent of moderate and vigorous PA in women with fibromyalgia. Interestingly, higher vigorous PA is independently associated with lower general and physical fatigue. These results are significant for future ST and PA intervention studies in this population.
Contingent Self‐worth in Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults: Relations with Global Self‐Esteem and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Chen‐Bouck Li , Patterson Meagan M.
Published: December 2015

Contingent self‐worth (CSW) is the extent to which an individual's sense of self‐worth is dependent on performance in a particular domain. CSW has been linked to poorer psychological health (e.g., lower global self‐esteem, greater depression and anxiety). However, the majority of work on CSW has been conducted with US college students. Far less is known about the influence of CSW for younger individuals or for non‐Western populations. This study examined relations between CSW domains and two indicators of well‐being (depressive symptoms and global self‐esteem) with Chinese adolescents (ages 13–16) and young adults (ages 19‐22). Results indicated that CSW in the domains of academic performance and others’ approval were positively related to depressive symptoms, whereas CSW in the domain of family support was negatively related to depressive symptoms. Others’ approval CSW was negatively related to self‐esteem for both adolescents and young adults, whereas CSW in the domains of academic performance and family support were related to self‐esteem for adolescents but not young adults. This study indicates that CSW is a meaningful and predictive construct for Chinese youth, and that cultural, environmental, and developmental factors may impact the relations between CSW and psychological health.
The Na+‐Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Traffics with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Wang Xintao , Wang Pijun , Wang Wenjun , Murray John W. , Wolkoff Allan W.
Published: December 2015

Na+‐taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (ntcp) mediates uptake of bile acids as well as serving as the receptor for hepatitis B virus in human liver. Previous studies showed that ntcp traffics on microtubules between the cell surface and endocytic vesicles. Specific inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)ζ resulted in loss of microtubule‐based motility of these vesicles in vitro and in living cells. The aim of this study was to characterize the PKCζ target. Incubation of ntcp‐containing endocytic vesicles with γ‐32P‐ATP revealed a 180 kDa phosphoglycoprotein that was identified as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). Surface biotinylation of HuH7 cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐ntcp revealed substantially reduced trafficking of ntcp to the cell surface with EGFR knockdown. Microtubule‐based motility of ntcp‐containing endocytic vesicles was also significantly reduced when they were not associated with EGFR. ntcp was also found to undergo cellular redistribution upon stimulation of cells with EGF, consistent with a model in which ntcp and EGF–EGFR internalize into common endocytic vesicles from which they segregate, trafficking EGF–EGFR to lysosomes and recycling ntcp to the plasma membrane. EGF regulation of ntcp trafficking may play a heretofore unanticipated role in subcellular targeting of ntcp ligands such as hepatitis B.
The effects of omeprazole therapy on bacterial colonization of the pharynx in healthy dogs
Authors: Sullivan Lauren A. , Wakayama Justin , Boscan Pedro L. , Hyatt Doreene R. , Twedt David C. , Lappin Michael R. , Dargatz David A.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To identify the relative abundance of commensal pharyngeal flora in healthy dogs and determine if abundance of pharyngeal flora is altered during omeprazole administration.

Animals

Eight adult Beagles.

Procedures

A total of 3 baseline pharyngeal swabs, collected 48 hours apart, were obtained from each dog. Omeprazole (1 mg/kg PO q 24 h) was administered for a total of 12 days. During omeprazole administration, pharyngeal swabs were obtained on Days 8, 10, and 12. All swabs were submitted for semiquantitative aerobic and anaerobic culture. Growth of bacterial isolates, as well as genus of isolates, was compared between the pretreatment (n = 24) and treatment (n = 24) swabs.

Results

A greater abundance of several bacterial species was identified during the treatment period, including coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (P < 0.01), Bacillus (P < 0.01), and Pasteurella (P = 0.05). The abundance of bacterial species in samples collected during the treatment period was unchanged for Escherichia coli (P = 0.16), Provotella (P = 0.40), hemolytic Streptococcus (P = 0.34), and nonhemolytic Streptococcus (P = 0.14).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This small study indicates that shifts in canine pharyngeal flora may occur during omeprazole therapy. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of gastric acid suppressants on pharyngeal flora in dogs.
The contribution of von Willebrand factor–GPIbα interactions to persistent aggregate formation in apheresis platelet concentrates
Authors: Feys H. B. , Van Aelst B. , Devloo R. , Vandekerckhove P. , Compernolle V.
Published: December 2015

Background and Objectives

Apheresis platelet concentrates sometimes contain persistent aggregates (PA). Because apheresis involves extracorporeal circulation, we hypothesized that interactions between GPIbα and von Willebrand factor (VWF) underlie their origin.

Materials and Methods

Platelets in donations with PA were compared to aggregate‐free (AF) controls. Flow cytometry was used to determine platelet bound VWF. Degranulation was measured using P‐selectin expression in flow cytometry and cytokine release using immunosorbent assays. Platelet adhesion to VWF was assessed in hydrodynamic flow and real‐time video microscopy.

Results

Platelets in PA concentrates had significantly more (P = 0·009, n ≥ 8) bound VWF compared to AF platelets, but differences in VWF concentration, VWF collagen binding, activated VWF or GPIbα expression were not found. Degranulation was higher (P = 0·030, n = 7) in PA than AF concentrates on day 1 of storage, but adhesion to immobilized VWF under hydrodynamic flow conditions was normal at that moment. On day 6, however, significantly less VWF adhesion (P = 0·009, n ≥ 6) was found for PA platelets compared to AF, indicating accelerated storage lesion in PA products. In a model that mimicks PA formation by chemically induced binding of VWF to platelets, we found that degranulation, phosphatidylserine expression and metabolism did not differ with paired controls at any time during subsequent storage.

Conclusion

Accelerated storage lesion is found in concentrates with PA, but this cannot be explained solely by increased platelet bound VWF following apheresis. Therefore, additional stressors are probably responsible for the increases observed in platelet degranulation and storage lesion in products with PA.
Integral canonical models for Spin Shimura varieties
Authors: Madapusi Pera Keerthi
Published: December 2015

We construct regular integral canonical models for Shimura varieties attached to Spin and orthogonal groups at (possibly ramified) primes$p>2$where the level is not divisible by$p$. We exhibit these models as schemes of ‘relative PEL type’ over integral canonical models of larger Spin Shimura varieties with good reduction at$p$. Work of Vasiu–Zink then shows that the classical Kuga–Satake construction extends over the integral models and that the integral models we construct are canonical in a very precise sense. Our results have applications to the Tate conjecture for K3 surfaces, as well as to Kudla’s program of relating intersection numbers of special cycles on orthogonal Shimura varieties to Fourier coefficients of modular forms.
La crítica literaria frente a las narrativas afrohispanoamericanas: generalizaciones y racialización
Authors: Valero Silvia
Published: December 2015

El presente trabajo intenta problematizar la fuerza con que la retórica de las producciones de identidad “afrodescendiente” ha ingresado en la crítica literaria hispanoamericana de los últimos años, provocando, en algunos casos, lecturas generalizadoras y racializadas que naturalizan la idea de pre-existencia y trans-historicidad de un “ser afro”. 
Ese espejismo de dos caras: estrategias de la modernización cultural en Venezuela (siglo XIX)
Authors: Silva Beauregard Paulette
Published: December 2015

El trabajo intenta revisar algunos temas ligados a la ampliación del público lector y  a las prácticas y sociabilidades que estaban en juego en los proyectos letrados venezolanos del siglo XIX. Se detiene, por tanto, en los usos que los escritores hicieron de los medios y nuevos formatos que tuvieron a su alcance, al tiempo que examina algunos casos concretos, referidos a momentos decisivos en la circulación de los impresos (la introducción de la imprenta, la apropiación de géneros modernos como el folletín o la adopción de técnicas de reproducción de imágenes), que permitan mostrar la complejidad de los problemas y algunas vías para acercarse a ellos.
La insoportable levedad de los huesos: Memoria, emoción, y pedagogía en Chile, la memoria obstinada y Nostalgia de la luz de Patricio Guzmán
Authors: Epps Brad S.
Published: December 2015

A través de dos películas de Patricio Guzmán, Chile, la memoria obstinada; (1997) y Nostalgia de la luz (2010), se examinan algunas de las relaciones en Chile entre la violencia neoliberal (dictatorial y postdictorial), la memoria, el saber y la emotividad, en su doble vertiente histórica y personal. Junto a las historias y experiencias de un grupo de astrónomos, arqueólogos, geólogos y mujeres que buscan los restos de sus seres queridos en el desierto de Atacama, también se realiza una meditación sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones del quehacer cinematográfico en relación con la fotografía y la escritura “celeste” y “terrestre”.
Un algoritmo genético eficiente para el strip-packing problem
Authors: Gatica Gustavo , Villagrán Gonzalo , Contreras-Bolton Carlos , Linfati Rodrigo , Escobar John Willmer
Published: December 2015

Given a set of rectangular pieces and a fixed width with infinite length, the strip-packing problem (SPP) of two dimensions (2D), with a rotation of pieces in 90° consists of orthogonally placing all the pieces on the strip, without overlapping them, minimizing the height of the strip used. Several algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, being Genetic Algorithms one of the most popular approach due to it effectiveness solving NP-Hard problems. In this paper, three binary representations, and classic crossover and mutation operators are introduced. A comparison of the three binary representations on a subset of benchmarking instances is performed. The representation R2 outperforms the results obtained by representation R1 and R3. Indeed, some of the best-known results found by previous published approaches are improved. 
Reseña del libro Epistemologías de la política educativa: desafíos analíticos y debates teóricos en un campo emergente
Authors: Nieto Gimena
Published: December 2015

Este libro presenta las epistemologías propias del campo de la investigación en política educativa, un área específica sobre la que hay poco escrito. Como se concluye en la reseña, “el libro puede ser especialmente recomendable para teóricos interesados en estudiar, conocer y comprender mediante un punto de vista crítico cuáles son los modos en que se investiga en las Ciencias Sociales específicamente en el campo de las Epistemologías de la Política Educativa”. Asimismo, por sus características puede brindar aportes significativos, actualizados y válidos a los académicos latinoamericanos implicados en un debate reflexivo acerca de la propia práctica de investigación, como así también la deconstrucción de las perspectivas actuales para la apertura de nuevos modos de producción de conocimiento. 

César Tello (coord.) (2013). Epistemologías de la política educativa: posicionamientos, perspectivas y enfoques. Campinas: Mercado de Letras.
Movilidad académica made in SOUTH: reflexión sobre las motivaciones de los estudiantes brasileños y colombianos
Authors: Correia-Lima Manolita , Riegel Viviane
Published: December 2015

Este artículo de investigación trata sobre la movilidad académica internacional espontánea y profundiza en los factores que mueve a los estudiantes universitarios a invertir en un séjour de estudio fuera de su país de origen. Utiliza el método survey de naturaleza exploratoria con base en dos grupos de muestras no probabilísticas: 249 estudiantes brasileños y 237 colombianos. Al momento de tabular, los materiales documentales y bibliográficos sirvieron de base para la interpretación de los datos. Sabiendo que las motivaciones pueden ser clasificadas como personales, académicas y profesionales, se concluye que mientras los estudiantes brasileños asocian la movilidad académica a factores de orden personal, los colombianos se movilizan más por factores académicos. 
La producción escrita de los estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Manuela , Boillos-Pereira María del Mar
Published: December 2015

Este artículo de investigación presenta un análisis de las producciones escritas por estudiantes universitarios recién ingresados en un contexto de examen. El objetivo es ofrecer una descripción pormenorizada de la naturaleza lingüístico-discursiva de estas producciones, e identificar algunos problemas asociados a la composición de este tipo de textos. Para este fin se lleva a cabo un estudio cuantitativo de cuatro niveles de análisis: la estructura, el planteamiento retórico, el nivel lingüístico y el uso de la información. Los desafíos que emergen de tales producciones proporcionan indicios valiosos para la elaboración de propuestas didácticas orientadas a la mejora de la enseñanza de esta competencia. 
O papel supervisor dos mediadores dos cursos de educação e formação de adultos: entre o discurso e a prática
Authors: Ferreira-Loureiro Armando Paulo Paulo , Vilhena-Soares Margarida , Santos-Silva Helena
Published: December 2015

En la última década surgió en Portugal un conjunto de nuevos agentes en el campo de la educación para adultos. Los mediadores de los cursos EFA son unos de esos agentes. Este artículo se enfoca en el análisis, a partir de una investigación empírica (sustentada en entrevistas con mediadores y en la observación y registro de las reuniones de los equipos pedagógicos coordinados por ellos) realizada en una escuela, de las funciones de supervisión inherentes a su cargo. El propósito de esta investigación fue intentar percibir de qué modo estos mediadores ejercen esas funciones. Los resultados nos llevan a concluir que los mediadores que participaron en este estudio actúan de una forma tendencialmente empírica y que la presunción del ejercicio de la supervisión está más presente en el discurso que en la práctica. 
Ilustrados | procesos creativos y experiencias en la ilustración
Authors: Rojas Cespedes Carolina
Published: December 2015

Este artículo busca compartir hallazgos significativos de la investigación sobre el quehacer de la ilustración desde su enseñanza y práctica, los cuales corroboran y materializan importantes iniciativas en las metodologías y los lineamientos para precisar prácticas creativas, explorar variables desde diferentes miradas y así abordar eficazmente el objetivo de dibujar, crear, ilustrar y comunicar de forma reflexiva, automática y espontánea. La trayectoria del universo creativo y visual evidencia cómo ciertas dinámicas y demás engranajes involucrados en distintos procesos permiten indagar en diversos campos ideológicos y tácticos, lo que amplía las posibilidades en el desarrollo de propuestas. Se exponen mecanismos estratégicos basados en la réplica, la apropiación y la descontextualización de la imagen, y la traducción al lenguaje ilustrativo e imaginario, que se revelan en expresiones imprevistas con múltiples recursos y se constituyen en herramientas valiosas para el arte de la ilustración y proyectos afines.
Conflictos ambientales y movimientos sociales: el caso del movimiento embera katío en respuesta a la construcción de la represa Urrá (1994-2008)
Authors: Leguizamón Castillo Yeimmy Rocío
Published: December 2015

Este artículo analiza cómo los conflictos ambientales dan cuenta de la disputa de intereses entre actores sociales por la apropiación de la naturaleza, que desde el ambientalismo se encuentran orientando la acción social a la invención de un nuevo modo de producción y desarrollo respetuoso de las diferencias culturales de los pueblos, y promotor de la conservación y participación activa de las comunidades en la gestión sustentable de los recursos, que les asegure a todos un acceso equitativo a sus beneficios y una mejor calidad de vida. Específicamente en este documento se estudia la historia del proceso de movilización de la comunidad embera katío del Alto sinú en resistencia a la construcción en su territorio del proyecto hidroeléctrico Urrá I y Urrá II, identificando sus motivaciones, los intereses que convergen sobre sus tierras y los actores que aportaron al desarrollo de la movilización.
Experiencias resonantes de comunicación en pueblos indígenas de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Baca Feldman Carlos Francisco
Published: December 2015

En este texto quiero tomar la perspectiva de una lucha que intenta configurarse como experiencia de enfrentamiento a la destrucción que trae consigo la penetración del capital, que se ve reflejada en la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) como rebelión por parte de los pueblos indígenas en Oaxaca, México. Para ello, y tomando en cuenta diversos abordajes de la teoría crítica y los estudios de la comunicación, estudio el proceso de generación colectiva de mensajes como un espacio de creación de experiencias históricas de lucha, que tienen como objetivo común la construcción de prácticas emancipatorias que puedan engendrar ‘otra comunicación’. La negatividad, la colectividad y la historia son las líneas que nos permiten pensar este tipo de experiencias, centrando la mirada, en todo momento, en las posibilidades, contradicciones y límites que les enmarcan.
CONCEPCIONES DE PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE DERECHO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Carreño Bustamante María Teresa
Published: December 2015

Este artículo proviene de la investigación Concepciones de participación de los estudiantes de derecho en Colombia, realizada en diez programas de Derecho de cinco regiones diferentes del país. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo y cuantitativo. Este artículo presenta la comprensión de la participación como utopía. En las conclusiones, propone una formación pluralista en derecho, resalta la tensión de la participación entre las constituciones de 1886 y 1991 y la necesidad de agudizar las prácticas en la formación de los estudiantes de derecho en Colombia. Finalmente, expone algunas hipótesis emergentes del estudio.