bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The syntactic status of English dative alternation structures in bilingual and in monolingual acquisition data
Authors: Fernández Fuertes Raquel , Sánchez Calderón Silvia
Published: March 2020

This study deals with the syntactic (non-)derivational relationship of English dative alternation (DA) –double object constructions (DOCs) and to/for-datives–, as seen in the spontaneous production of English-Spanish bilinguals when compared to English monolinguals. While a chronological progression and a difference in use between the two English DA constructions could suggest a syntactic-derivational relationship between DOCs and to/for-datives, a fairly similar emergence and a possibly similar rate of use could point to the two constructions not displaying a syntactic-derivational status. We also explore whether English-Spanish bilinguals show divergent developmental paths when compared to English monolinguals. To address these issues, we analyze data from nine English-Spanish bilingual children and twelve English monolingual children, along with the adults interacting with them. The analysis shows that both DA structures emerge at a similar age, which suggests they are not syntactically derived from one another. Despite these differences, the later onset and the lower incidence of to/for-datives could be associated with the case and theta role mediated properties of prepositions as well as with the frequency of exposure to DA in the adults’ speech. As no differences appear between bilinguals and monolinguals, transfer from Spanish does not seem to be an issue.
Type of early bilingualism effect on the delateralization of /ʎ/ in Basque and Spanish
Authors: Beristain Ander
Published: March 2020

The contrast between /ʎ/ and /ʝ/ has been lost in most Spanish varieties. This merger (yeísmo) has also been claimed to have spread to Basque. I study the palatal merger in Azpeitia Basque and Spanish, where simultaneous (2L1 Basque, Spanish) and early-sequential (L1 Basque, L2 Spanish) groups were tested in both languages. Comparing the two bilingual groups, this study found that, as a group, early-sequential bilinguals do not merge the phonemes in either of the two languages. However, while simultaneous bilinguals maintain the distinction in Basque, they tend to merge the phonemes in Spanish. Inter-speaker variation is found within each group and individual reports do not confirm global results. This study has also encountered different types of speakers as far as the palatal merger is concerned in Basque and Spanish: (1) non-mergers in any of the languages, (2) mergers in both languages, (3) mergers only in Spanish, and (4) mergers only in Basque.
N-terminal [Glu]3 moiety of γ-glutamyl peptides contributes largely to the activation of human calcium-sensing receptor, a kokumi receptor
Authors: Yamamoto Mizuki , Terada Yuko , Motoyama Takayasu , Shibata Munehisa , Saito Tsutomu , Ito Keisuke
Published: March 2020

γ-glutamyl peptides have been suggested to impart kokumi properties to foods by activating human calcium-sensing receptor (hCaSR). In this study, the relationship between γ-glutamyl peptide structure and hCaSR activity was systematically analyzed using γ-[Glu](n=0-4)-α-[Glu](n=0-3)-Tyr. Our results suggest that N-terminal [Glu]3 moiety is very important for hCaSR activities of γ-glutamyl peptides.
Plant growth regulators and Axl and immune checkpoint inhibitors from the edible mushroom Leucopaxillus giganteus
Authors: Malya Irine Yunhafita , Wu Jing , Harada Etsuko , Toda Masaaki , D’Alessandro-Gabazza Corina N , Yasuma Taro , Gabazza Esteban C , Choi Jae-Hoon , Hirai Hirofumi , Kawagishi Hirokazu
Published: March 2020

A novel compound, (R)-4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (1), and six known compounds (2–7) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the wild edible mushroom Leucopaxillus giganteus. The planar structure of 1 was determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparing specific rotation of the synthetic compounds. In the plant regulatory assay, the isolated compounds (1–7) and the chemically prepared compounds (8–10) were evaluated their biological activity against the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) growth. Compounds 1 and 3–10 showed the significant regulatory activity of lettuce growth. 1 showed the strongest inhibition activity among the all the compounds tested. In the lung cancer assay, all the compounds were assessed the mRNA expression of Axl and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the human A549 alveolar epithelial cell line by RT-PCR. Compounds 1–10 showed significant inhibition activity against Axl and/or immune checkpoint.
Bilateral comparison report of DC resistance (1 mΩ, 100 Ω and 100 MΩ) between LNE (France) and KIM-LIPI (Indonesia)
Authors: Blanc Isabelle
Published: March 2020

This report describes a bilateral comparison of resistance standards organised within the frame of the EU-Indonesia Trade Support Program II (TSP2) / AWP2-2-20-5 between LNE, France and KIM-LIPI, Indonesia. This bilateral comparison registered in the KCDB as EURAMET.EM-S40 was piloted by LNE. LNE participated in CCEM Key Comparison CCEM-K10 and CCEM-K2, thus providing the link between KIM-LIPI results and CCEM-K10 and CCEM-K2. This report includes the measurement results from the participants and information about their calibration methods for measurements of 1 mΩ, 100 Ω and 100 MΩ resistors.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
COOMET.T-S3: supplementary comparison on relative humidity (RH) from 30 % rh to 90 % rh at 23 °C
Authors: Carroll Paul , Chelidze Iury
Published: March 2020

This report describes the results of supplementary comparison COOMET.T-S3 (also known as supplementary comparison COOMET 768/GE/18) on relative humidity (RH) from 30 % rh to 90 % rh at 23 °C. The comparison was organised between the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) United Kingdom (Laboratory-coordinator) and Georgian National Agency for Standards and Metrology (GEOSTM), Georgia. The comparison started in July 2018 and finished in September 2019

The majority of the bilateral degree of equivalence values, DGEOSTM/NPL
, for the two participants are low compared to the uncertainty in the DoE, UGEOSTM/NPL
. With this comparison, the participant GEOSTM has demonstrated their technical competence for realization of relative humidity in the range 30 %rh to 90 %rh at 23 °C

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with UBA, October 2019
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Stummer Volker
Published: March 2020

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of Germany maintained by the Umweltbundesamt (UBA) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range from 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Enhancement of gravitational waves induced by scalar perturbations due to a sudden transition from an early matter era to the radiation era
Authors: Inomata Keisuke , Kohri Kazunori , Nakama Tomohiro , Terada Takahiro
Published: March 2020

Stochastic gravitational wave background is produced from the primordial curvature perturbations at the second order of perturbations. We revisit such induced gravitational waves produced around a sudden reheating transition from an early matterdominated era to the radiation-dominated era. We find significant enhancement of the induced gravitational waves because of fast oscillations of scalar modes already inside the horizon just after the transition with unsuppressed amplitude. The enhancement is so significant that the future gravitational wave observations can detect the gravitational waves if the reheating temperature is in the range T
R ≲ 7 × 10−2GeV or 20 GeV ≲ T
R ≲ 2 × 107 GeV. Thus, the induced gravitational waves can be a useful probe of the reheating dynamics of the universe. This talk is based on Ref. [1].
Softening of gravitational effect on noncommutative spacetime
Authors: Nagasawa Michiyasu , Matsuyama Ryouta
Published: March 2020

A noncommutative gravitational theory constructed by applying Moyal deformation quantization and the Seiberg–Witten map to teleparallel gravity shows that gravity acts repulsively in an extreme region where its quantum effects become prominent. The problems involved with the order of products and the relationship between the metric and the Moyal product can be solved by assigning their roles, such that the former is responsible for the rule of the inner product and the latter is in charge of tensor and field noncommutativity. As a result, it is found that the cosmic evolution of the very early stage of the universe was modified as if the noncommutative effect works similarly to a cosmological constant. Furthermore it was clarified that the degree of gravitational redshift of a spherically symmetric space with central mass becomes smaller, which means the attractive force is effectively weakened. Such consequences indicate that in the noncommutative spacetime, the gravitational interaction is softened compared to the classical gravity.
Improved nuclear reaction network for a reliable estimate of primordial Deuterium yield
Authors: Pisanti Ofelia
Published: March 2020

A fundamental requisite to get a precise determination of light nuclide primordial abundances is the accurate evaluation of the nuclear reaction rates and corresponding uncertainties. In this paper, I will review the current status of the most important nuclear inputs to deuterium synthesis.
ANAIS-112 status: two years results on annual modulation
Authors: Amaré J. , Cebrián S. , Cintas D. , Coarasa I. , García E. , Martínez M. , Oliván M.A. , Ortigoza Y. , Ortiz de Solórzano A. , Puimedón J. , Salinas A. , Sarsa M.L. , Villar P.
Published: March 2020

ANAIS (Annual modulation with Nal Scintillators) is a dark matter direct detection experiment located at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC), in Spain. The goal is to confirm or refute in a model independent way the DAMA/LIBRA positive result: an annual modulation in the low-energy detection rate compatible with the expected signal induced by dark matter particles in the galactic halo. This signal, observed for about 20 years, is in strong tension with the negative results of other very sensitive experiments, but a direct comparison using the same target material, NaI(Tl), was still lacking. ANAIS-112, consisting of 112.5 kg of NaI(Tl) scintillators, is taking data at the LSC since August 2017. Here we present the preliminary annual modulation analysis corresponding to two years of data (exposure of 220.69 kg×y) and the ANAIS-112 projected sensitivity for the scheduled 5 y of operation.
Annual and diurnal modulations of the angular distribution of the 3-D WIMP velocity observed at an underground laboratory
Authors: Shan Chung-Lin
Published: March 2020

In this article, I present our (Monte Carlo) simulation results of the angular distribution of the 3-dimensional WIMP velocity, in particular, a possible “annual” modulation and the diurnal modulation proposed in literature, for different underground laboratories.
Dark matter local density determination based on recent observations
Authors: de Salas Pablo F.
Published: March 2020

The local density of dark matter is an important quantity. On the one hand, its value is needed for dark matter direct detection searches. On the other hand, a precise and robust determination of the local dark matter density would help us learn about the shape of the dark matter halo of our Galaxy, which plays an important role in dark matter indirect detection searches, as well as in many studies in astrophysics and cosmology. There are different methods available to determine the local dark matter density. Among them, it is common to study either the vertical kinematics of a selected group of tracers or the rotation curve of the Milky Way. Recent estimates of the local dark matter density have used the precise observations conducted by the ESA/Gaia mission. However, in spite of the quality of the data released by Gaia’s observations, different analyses of the local dark matter density produce dissimilar results. After a brief review of the most common methods to estimate the local density of dark matter, here we argue about different explanations for the discrepancies in the results of recent analyses. We finish by presenting new approaches that have been proposed in the literature and could help us improve our knowledge of this important quantity.
Scotogenic dark matter and single-zero textures of the neutrino mass matrix
Authors: Kitabayashi Teruyuki
Published: March 2020

We consider the phenomenology of the scotogenic model with the one-zero-textures of the neutrino flavor mass matrix. One of the six patterns of the neutrino mass matrix is favorable for the real Yukawa matrix. On the other hand, for the complex Yukawa matrix, five of the six patterns are compatible with observations of the neutrino oscillations, dark matter relic abundance and branching ratio of the μ → eγ process.
DANCE: Dark matter Axion search with riNg Cavity Experiment
Authors: Michimura Yuta , Oshima Yuka , Watanabe Taihei , Kawasaki Takuya , Takeda Hiroki , Ando Masaki , Nagano Koji , Obata Ippei , Fujita Tomohiro
Published: March 2020

We have proposed a new approach to search for axion dark matter with an optical ring cavity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 161301 (2018)]. The coupling of photons to axions or axion-like particles makes a modulated difference in the phase velocity between left- and righthanded photons. Our method is to measure this phase velocity difference with a ring cavity, by measuring the resonant frequency difference between two circular polarizations. Our estimation shows that the sensitivity to axion-photon coupling constant g

aγ for axion mass m ≲ 10−10 eV can be improved by several orders of magnitude compared with the current best limits. In this paper, we present the principles of the Dark matter Axion search with riNg Cavity Experiment (DANCE) and the status of the prototype experiment, DANCE Act-1.
Increasing light collection efficiency of liquid argon detector for low mass WIMP search
Authors: Aoyama Kazutaka
Published: March 2020

Liquid argon (LAr) is known as an excellent target material for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter direct-detection search experiment. In WIMP searches, distinguishing signal events from electronic recoil (ER) backgrounds is essential. The reduction of ER power using pulse shape discrimination (PSD) improves as light collection efficiency increases. However photosensors, which have to be operational in a cryogenic environment, have no high quantum efficiency (QE) at the 128 nm VUV scintillation light of argon. Therefore, a wavelength shifter, i.e. tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB), is evaporated on the inner surface of the detector to convert VUV to visible light that can be detected by photosensors.

Thus, we constructed a well-controlled TPB evaporation system to ensure reproducibility and measured the amount of TPB on the surface using a quartz crystal microbalance. We obtained the world’s highest light yield (˜11.5 PE/keVee) by optimizing the amount of evaporated TPB. We describe our efforts to improve light collection efficiency.
LBECA: A Low Background Electron Counting Apparatus for Sub-GeV Dark Matter Detection
Authors: Bernstein A. , Clark M. , Essig R. , Fernandez-Serra M. , Kopec A. , Lang R.F. , Long J. , Ni K. , Pereverzev S. , Qi J. , Sorensen P. , Xu J. , Ye J. , Zhen C.
Published: March 2020

Two-phase noble liquid detectors, with large target masses and effective background reduction, are currently leading the dark matter direct detection for WIMP masses above a few GeV. Due to their sensitivity to single ionized electron signals, these detectors were shown to also have strong constraints for sub-GeV dark matter via their scattering on electrons. In fact, the most stringent direct detection constraints for sub-GeV dark matter down to as low as 5 MeV come from noble liquid detectors, namely XENON10, DarkSide-50, XENON100 and XENON1T, although these experiments still suffer from high background at single or a few electron level. LBECA is a planned 100-kg scale liquid xenon detector with significant reduction of the single and a few electron background. The experiment will improve the sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter by three orders of magnitude compared to the current best constraints.
Search for sub-GeV dark matter by annual modulation using XMASS-I detector
Authors: Yang Byeongsu
Published: March 2020

A search for dark matter (DM) with mass in the sub-GeV region (0.32–1 GeV) was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal in XMASS, a single-phase liquid xenon detector. Inelastic nuclear scattering accompanied by bremsstrahlung emission was used to search down to an electron equivalent energy of 1 keV. The data used had a live time of 2.8 years (3.5 years in calendar time), resulting in a total exposure of 2.38 ton-years. No significant modulation signal was observed and 90% confidence level upper limits of 1.6 × 10−33 cm2 at 0.5 GeV was set for the DM-nucleon cross section. This is the first experimental result of a search for DM mediated by the bremsstrahlung effect.
Directional Dark Matter Searches with the CYGNO Project
Authors: Baracchini E , Bedogni R , Bellini F , Benussi L , Bianco S , Capoccia C , Caponero M , Cavoto G , Costa I A , Di Marco E , D’Imperio G , Iacoangeli F , Maccarone G , Marafini M , Mazzitelli G , Messina A , Orlandi A , Paoletti E , Passamonti L , Pelosi A , Petrucci F , Piccolo D , Pierluigi D , Pinci D , Renga F , Russo A , Saviano G , Tomassini S
Published: March 2020

The goal of the CYGNO project is to deploy at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) an high resolution Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) amplification and optical 3D readout of an Helium/Fluorine based gas mixture for directional Dark Matter (DM) searches at low 1-10 GeV WIMP masses. The determination of the incoming direction of WIMP particles can in fact offer not only additional handles for discrimination of the annoying backgrounds, but especially an unique key for a positive, unambiguous identification of a DM signal.
Results of a directional dark matter search from the NEWAGE experiment
Authors: Ikeda T. , Miuchi K. , Hashimoto T. , Ishiura H. , Nakamura T. , Shimada T. , Nakamura K.
Published: March 2020

In this study we present the results of a directional dark matter search from the NEWAGE experiment. A low-background gaseous detector, namely a low alpha-ray emitting μ-PIC (LA
μ
-PIC), was developed. The LA
μ
-PIC was installed in Kamioka Observatory and the NEWAGE-0.3” detector with a detection volume of 37 L was operated from June to November 2018. A total exposure of 1.1 kg·days was obtained and a reduction of background by 30 times comparing with a previous result was confirmed. The remaining backgrounds were studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. The main background in the energy region of 50 ≤ E ≤ 100 keV was found to be alpha-rays emitted from the surface of the LA
μ
-PIC.
CYGNUS
Authors: Miuchi Kentaro , Baracchini Elisabetta , Lane Gregory , Spooner Neil J. C. , Vahsen S. E.
Published: March 2020

Directional information in the direct dark matter searches is believed to be able providing a clear discovery of the galactic WIMP dark matter, together with a further potential to investigate the properties of the dark matter. CYGNUS is a concept to detect the galactic WIMP dark matter particles with directionality. In this paper, physics motivation and technological R&D status will be reviewed.
Observing the dark sector with supernovae
Authors: DeRocco William
Published: March 2020

It has been long known that the excessive cooling of supernovae places strong limits on models of light dark sectors. However, even at couplings where the flux of new particles produced in a supernova is too low to violate the cooling bound, the flux remains large and can be observed through a variety of signatures, both direct and indirect. We analyze two different models with radically different behavior. The first model is that of a dark photon on the MeV scale. This model can be probed via the observation of electromagnetic signals produced in dark photon decay. The second model is that of a dark U(1) sector with heavy mediator and MeV-scale dark fermions. In this case, the flux emerging from supernovae is much hotter than the galactic dark matter, allowing it to be detected in existing direct detection experiments designed to hunt for GeV-scale dark matter. In both cases, we find that these signatures allow new bounds to be placed well outside existing cooling limits. Furthermore, these new signals may allow for a future discovery of the dark matter.
Modeling evolution of dark matter substructure and annihilation boost
Authors: Hiroshima Nagisa , Ando Shin’ichiro , Ishiyama Tomoaki
Published: March 2020

The structure of dark matter halo is hierarchical. Among them, small-scale structures in dark matter halo (so-called subhalos) can enhance dark matter annihilation signals. It is necessary to quantify boost factors by those subhalos to derive the property of dark matter with current/future gamma-ray observations. In order to derive the subhalo boost factors, calculations of halo structure covering more than 20 orders-of-magnitude in the halo mass up to a redshift of z ˜ 10 are required. This is beyond the capability of the current state-of-art cosmological N-body simulation which is a widely-adopted method to study the halo structure. In this talk, I introduce our analytical approach for the formalism of subhalo evolutions and the resultant boost factors. I show that the constraints on the annihilation cross-section obtained by isotropic γ-ray observations can be updated by several factors by taking the contribution from subhalos into account.
Studies on liquid argon S1 and S2 properties for low mass WIMP search experiments
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Aoyama Kazutaka , Kimura Masato , Takeda Tomomasa , Yorita Kohei
Published: March 2020

Liquid argon is known as an excellent target material for WIMP dark matter direct search experiment. Relatively small atomic mass (A=40) gives high nuclear recoil energy for WIMP-Ar nuclear scattering, thus it potentially has high sensitivity for low mass WIMP (<10 GeV/c2) . There are two crucial R&D topics for the liquid argon detector to explore such low mass WIMP signal, namely, deep understanding the liquid argon scintillation and ionization process for low energy deposition (<10 keV), and increasing the signal light yield by improving the argon scintillation light collection efficiency. In this paper, we report recent results from Waseda university liquid argon test facility.
Purification of the NaI(Tl) crystal for dark matter search project PICOLON
Authors: Kanemitsu Y. , Chernyak D. , Ejiri H. , Fushimi K. , Hata K. , Hazama R. , Ikeda H. , Imagawa K. , Inoue K. , Kozlov A. , Orito R. , Shima T. , Takemoto Y. , Umehara S. , Yasuda K. , Yoshida S.
Published: March 2020

Direct search for dark matter is one of the most important problems in astrophysics. Significant signal for dark matter will be a hint to clarify the origin of the universe. Only DAMA/LIBRA experiment with NaI(Tl) detector has ever suggested the presence of dark matter signal. Verifying the DAMA/LIBRA result by a NaI(Tl) detector is urgent and important task. We have tried to purify NaI(Tl) crystal to search for dark matter. In this presentation, the present status of purification will be discussed. The concentration of potassium is successfully reduced to desired sensitivity. The 210Pb, which is difficult to reduce, has been reduced effectively. Present status of low background measurement in Kamioka observatory will be shown.
Measurement of the scintillation efficiency for low energy nuclear- and electronic-recoils in liquid argon detector for WIMP search
Authors: Kimura Masato
Published: March 2020

A liquid argon (LAr) scintillation detector is known to offer several attractive features to search for WIMP dark matter. A key quantity in this search is the conversion efficiencies of nuclear- and electronic-recoils (NR and ER) energy deposition into the scintillation signal. Two measurements are performed to study these properties: (1) scintillation efficiency for a few tens of keV NR under electric fields up to 3 kV/cm; (2) efficiency for ER ranging from a few keV to 1 MeV at null field. We present the results of these measurements and discuss the LAr response based on traditional models.
PICOLON dark matter search ˜ Development of highly redio-pure NaI(Tl) scintilltor ˜
Authors: Fushimi Ken-Ichi , Chernyak Dmitry , Ejiri Hiroyasu , Hata Kazumi , Hazama Ryuta , Hirata Shoko , Iida Takashi , Ikeda Haruo , Inoue Kunio , Imagawa Kyoshiro , Kanemitsu Yuta , Kozlov Alexandle , Orito Reiko , Shima Tatsushi , Takemoto Yasuhiro , Umehara Saori , Yoshida Sei
Published: March 2020

The PICOLON project is developing a high purity NaI(Tl) crystal by optimizing the purification methods. The reduction method for 40K was established and we got sufficiently pure NaI(Tl) crystal for 40K. On the other hand, the concentration of 210Pb is still higher than our goal. The investigation is now in progress to fix the origin of the contamination.

The construction of the second phase detector system of PICOLON detector will be started in 2020 spring. The total mass of the second phase is about 54 kg. The background level by the test measurement using a single module is reported.
SaG4n: Calculation of (α,n) yields for low background experiments using Geant4
Authors: Pesudo V , Mendoza E , Alcayne V , Cano-Ott D , Garca-Abia P , Romero L , Romojaro P , Santorelli R
Published: March 2020

SaG4n is a code fully based on Geant4 that we have developed to calculate neutron yields. The code is available in http://win.ciemat.es/SaG4n and works for Geant4.10.6 or superior. The improvements to the (α,n) yields introduced by the use of a single Monte Carlo code, fully developed in Geant4, are presented. Neutrons are a potential source of background for all rare-event searches, and is specially relevant for WIMP searches with liquid argon, where they are the only source of irreducible background together with the yet-negligible coherent neutrino scattering. The precision of the neutron yield is critical to evaluate the discovery potential of coming experiments and to reduce systematic effects in current data.

We present the result of evaluating the neutron yield for three different cases and show the sizable effect of interfaces between materials with high (α,n) cross section and materials with small mass which contribution to the neutron budget is often considered negligible.
Hunting for light dark matter with DUNE PRISM
Authors: Romeri Valentina De , Kelly Kevin J , Machado Pedro A N
Published: March 2020

We present the prospects for exploring low-scale dark sectors with the future DUNE experiment and the impact of the movable off-axis near detector concept, DUNE-PRISM, and a higher energy beam configuration. We focus on a simple scenario which extends the Standard Model by a “dark” U(1), comprising scalar or fermion dark matter and a dark photon kinetically mixed with the photon. We consider nucleus and electron scattering signatures of dark matter produced in the beam via neutral pseudoscalar meson decays. Our results show that, by analysing the energy spectra of single electron events in multiple off-axis angle, DUNE-PRISM can substantially increase the experimental sensitivity to these models, reaching theoretical targets for thermal relic dark matter for a wide range of dark photon and dark matter masses.
The TREX-DM experiment at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory
Authors: Castel J , Cebrián S , Dafni T , Galán J , Irastorza IG , Luzón G , Margalejo C , Mirallas H , Ortiz de Solórzano A , Peiró A , Ruiz-Chóliz E
Published: March 2020

TREX-DM (TPC Rare Event eXperiment for Dark Matter) is intended to look for low mass WIMPs in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in Spain, using light elements (Ne, Ar) as target in a high pressure TPC equipped with Micromegas readouts. Here, a description of the detector, the first results from commissioning data and the expected sensitivity from the developed background model are briefly presented.
Preliminary Design of Pulse Digitalization and Readout Electronics for CDEX-10
Authors: Zhu Jinfu , Xue Tao , Wei Liangjun , Li Jianmin
Published: March 2020

CDEX (China Dark Matter Experiment) is now planning to be upgraded to about 10 Kg HPGe (High Purity Germanium) detectors (CDEX-10) and the new suitable dedicated pulse digitizer and readout electronics are on demand. The readout system is interfaced to the front preamplifiers, which has two “slow” outputs with typical 6-μs shaping time and two “fast” output with typical 300-ns shaping time. In this preliminary design of pulse digitalization and readout electronics, 8-channel 14-Bit 100 MSPS ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) and 4-channel 12-Bit 1 GSPS ADC are embedded in the 6U-size readout prototype board. The RAIN1000Z1 readout module based on ZYNQ SoC (System on Chip) is used for readout with Gigabit Ethernet. The ENOB (Effective Number Of Bits) of ADC and the TCP data throughput of Gigabit Ethernet will be discussed. The preliminary result of gamma-ray spectrum will also be presented.
Discrimination of Dark Matter Mass and Velocity Distribution by Directional Detection
Authors: Nagao Keiko I.
Published: March 2020

The velocity distribution of dark matter is supposed to be isotropic Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in most cases, however, its anisotropy is suggested by some simulations. We investigate conditions to give constraints on the anisotropy with directional direct detections.
Improved Measurements of the β-Decay Response of Liquid Xenon with the LUX Detector
Authors: Balajthy Jon
Published: March 2020

The LUX experiment was based on a liquid-xenon time-projection chamber that was located on the 4,850’ level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility until it was decommissioned in 2016. In total, the LUX detector contained about 370 kg of xenon, 250 kg of which was active. LUX was designed primarily to detect WIMP dark matter, and produced world-leading limits on the WIMP scattering cross section. In this presentation, I report results from an extensive set of measurements of the β-decay response in liquid xenon. These measurements are derived from high-statistics calibration data from injected sources of both tritium and carbon-14 in the LUX detector after the WIMP-search runs had been completed. The mean light-to-charge ratio is reported for 13 electric field values ranging from 43 to 491 V/cm, and for energies ranging from 1.5 to 145 keV.
Current status and future prospects of the CRAFFT project for the next generation UHECR observatory
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Tameda Yuichiro , Tomida Takayuki , Yamazaki Katsuya , Yamamoto Mashu , Iwakura Hirokazu , Nakamura Yuya , Kaino Yuki
Published: March 2020

A key to understand the origin of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) is higher statistics with the composition information. One of the concepts to realize the future huge observation is an array of simple and low cost fluorescence telescopes. The fluorescence telescope can measure not only the arrival direction and energy spectrum but also the mass composition which is the important information to understand the origin of UHECR. A concept of a simple FD is to reduce the cost by changing from the imaging with multiple PMTs to the time information of a few PMTs, and minimization of the optical system by focusing the high energy events. In order to demonstrate this concept, we are developing Cosmic Ray Air Fluorescence Fresnel lens Telescope (CRAFFT), which further reduces the cost by using Fresnel lens and stand alone system without telescope hut unlike existing fluorescence detector in present UHECR observatory. We have constructed four prototype CRAFFTs and observed air showers by simultaneous observation with Telescope Array. By those study, the cost of a simple FD reaches 1/10 of that of a present FD.
A new source type of galactic cosmic rays
Authors: Sinitsyna V.G. , Sinitsyna V.Y. , Stozhkov Yu. I.
Published: March 2020

Experimental data of PAMELA and AMS-02 on proton and helium spectra at high and very high energies as well as the excess of 10 - 300 GeV positron flux cannot be explained using the diffusive models of propagation of cosmic-rays accelerated at the supernova shocks and require the existence of nearby sources of cosmic rays at the distances less than one kpc. We consider active dwarf stars as possible sources of galactic cosmic rays in the energy range up to ˜ 1014 eV. The generation of high-energy cosmic rays should be accompanied by high-energy γ-ray emission, which may be detected. Here we present the SHALON long-term observation data aimed to search for γ-ray emission above 800 GeV from the active red dwarf stars: V962 Tau, V780 Tau, V388 Cas, V1589 Cyg, GJ 1078 and GL 851.1. The TeV gamma-ray emission mostly of aring type from these sources was detected. This result confirms that active dwarf stars are also the sources of high-energy galactic cosmic rays.
Anisotropy of cosmic ray fluxes measured with AMS-02 on the ISS
Authors: Velasco M A , Casaus J , Mañá C , Molero M , Gebauer I , Graziani M , Gervasi M , La Vacca G , Rancoita P G
Published: March 2020

A measurement of the cosmic ray anisotropy on the arrival directions of elementary particles (electrons, positrons and protons) and light nuclei (helium, carbon and oxygen) has been performed in galactic coordinates by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer onboard the International Space Station. The analysis is based on the sample of events collected in the first 6.5 years (electrons and positrons), and 7.5 (protons, helium, carbon and oxygen) of data taking. The results are consistent with isotropy for all cosmic ray species and upper limits on the dipole amplitude have been computed. In particular, 95% credible interval upper limits of δ < 1.9% and δ < 0.5% are obtained for positrons and electrons, respectively, above 16 GeV. On the other hand, the upper limits of protons, helium, carbon and oxygen above 200 GV are found to be δ < 0.38%, δ < 0.36%, δ < 1.9% and δ < 1.7%, respectively.
Detection of a γ-ray halo around Geminga with the Fermi-LAT and implications for the positron flux
Authors: Donato Fiorenza , Manconi Silvia , Mauro Mattia Di
Published: March 2020

The HAWC Collaboration has discovered a γ-ray emission extended about 2 degrees around the Geminga and Monogem pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) at γ-ray energies Eγ
> 5 TeV. We analyze, for the first time, almost 10 years of γ-ray data obtained with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at Eγ
> 8 GeV in the direction of Geminga and Monogem. Since these two pulsars are close the Galactic plane we run our analysis with 10 different interstellar emission models (IEMs) to study the systematics due to the modeling of this component. We detect a γ-ray halo around Geminga with a significance in the range 7.8 − 11.8σ depending on the IEM considered. This measurement is compatible with e+ and e− emitted by the PWN, which inverse-Compton scatter (ICS) with photon fields located within a distance of about 100 pc from the pulsar, where the diffusion coefficient is estimated to be around 1.1 ⋅ 1027 cm2/s at 100 GeV. We include in our analysis the proper motion of the Geminga pulsar which is relevant for γ rays produced for ICS in the Fermi-LAT energy range. We find that an efficiency of about 1% for the conversion of the spin-down energy of the pulsar into e+ and e− is required to be consistent with γ-ray data from Fermi-LAT and HAWC. The inferred contribution of Geminga to the e+ flux is at most 20% at the highest energy AMS-02 data. Our results are compatible with the interpretation that the cumulative emission from Galactic pulsars explains the positron excess.
High-multiplicity muon events observed with EMMA array
Authors: Trzaska Wladyslaw Henryk , Bezrukov Leonid , Enqvist Timo , Inzhechik Lev , Joutsenvaara Jari , Kuusiniemi Pasi , Loo Kai , Lubsandorzhiev Bayarto , Słupecki Maciej
Published: March 2020

High-multiplicity data, collected with a segmented scintillator array of the cosmic-ray experiment EMMA (Experiment with Multi-Muon Array), is presented for the first time. The measurements were done at the depth of 75 meters (210 m.w.e.) in the Pyhäsalmi mine in Finland. EMMA uses two types of detectors: drift chambers and plastic scintillation detectors. The presented data were acquired over the period between December, 2015 and April, 2018 using 128-800 plastic scintillator pixels probing the fiducial area of ˜100 m2. The results are being interpreted in terms of CORSIKA simulations. Several events with densities in excess of 10 muons per m2 were observed. At the next stage of the analysis, the high-multiplicity events will be matched with precision tracking data extracted from the multi-layer drift chambers of EMMA. Observation of high-density muon bundles was first reported by the LEP experiments: DELPHI, L3+C, and ALEPH. More recently, the ALICE experiment at CERN has provided new cosmic-ray results together with improved interpretation benefiting from the updated cross section values extracted from LHC results. While the tracking performance of ALICE is superior to EMMA, the duration of ALICE cosmic-ray measurements is very limited. Over the period of 2010–2018 the total exposure was only 93 days while EMMA, having a similar overburden provides a larger footprint and collects data continuously.
TeV gamma-rays from the region of Perseus Cluster
Authors: Sinitsyna V.G. , Sinitsyna V.Y.
Published: March 2020

The results of 20-year observations of the Perseus cluster centering on the NGC 1275 including IC 310 radio galaxy and extragalactic supernova SN 2006gy at energies 800 GeV - 45 TeV by the SHALON telescope are presented. It was found, that the TeV γ-ray emission at energies > 800 GeV has an extended structure with a distinct core centered at the NGC 1275 nucleus and well correlates with the photon emission regions viewed in X-rays by Chandra and anti-correlates with radio-structures. Also, the variations of TeV γ-ray flux both at year- and day- scales were found. The obtained data indicate that the part of TeV γ-ray emission is generated by relativistic jets in the nucleus of NGC 1275. Whereas, the presence of an extended structure around NGC 1275 and the slow rise of the γ-ray flux is the evidence of the interaction of cosmic rays and magnetic fields generated in the jets at the galactic center with the gas of the Perseus cluster.
Extragalactic background light: Constraints from the TeV gamma-ray observations
Authors: Sinitsyna V.G. , Sinitsyna V.Y. , Borisov S.S. , Balygin K.A. , Klimov A.I. , Mirzafatikhov R.M. , Moseiko N.I. , Ostashev I.E.
Published: March 2020

The cosmological processes including the history of stars and galaxies formation will be observed in the energy spectrum of Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) radiation. Observations of the very high energy γ-ray sources at redshifts from z = 0.018 up to z = 2.979 with SHALON telescopes gives an opportunity to constrain the EBL density, as the TeV γ-rays can be absorbed due to interaction of low-energy photons of EBL. The detection of TeV γ-ray sources at high redshifts is the evidence of less average spectral density of EBL and thus the less star formation rate at early evolution stage as well as the less expansion rate of the universe, than it is previously believed.
Supernova neutrinos in the proto-neutron star cooling phase and nuclear matter
Authors: Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Suzuki Hideyuki
Published: March 2020

A proto-neutron star (PNS) is a newly formed compact object in a core collapse supernova. Using a series of phenomenological equations of state (EOS), we have systematically investigated the neutrino emission from the cooling phase of a PNS. The numerical code utilized in this study follows a quasi-static evolution of a PNS solving the general-relativistic stellar structure with neutrino diffusion. As a result, the cooling timescale evaluated from the neutrino light curve is found to be long for the EOS models with small neutron star radius and large effective mass of nucleons. It implies that extracting properties of a PNS (such as mass and radius) and the nuclear EOS is possible by a future supernova neutrino observation.
Turbulence Particle Acceleration and UHECR
Authors: Asano Katsuaki , Teraki Yuto , Hayashida Masaaki , Mészáros Peter
Published: March 2020

The standard model to produce non-thermal particles is the particle acceleration at shocks. However, the photon spectra in high-energy objects, such as blazars, frequently show very hard feature, which seems inconsistent with the standard shock acceleration theory. The alternative model is the particle acceleration by turbulence. If we adopt a hard-sphere-like acceleration, in which the acceleration timescale is independent of the particle energy, the electron energy distribution becomes consistent with blazar photon spectra. Adopting this model to the deceleration phase of gamma-ray burst jets, ultra high-energy cosmic-rays can be produced. The resultant spectrum is harder than other models, so that the secondary neutrino production in their propagation is relatively suppressed. As a candidate of the hard-sphere acceleration mechanism, we propose the acceleration by large scale compressible MHD waves, where the transit time damping (TTD) is a key mechanism. We find that the acceleration efficiency is higher than previously considered.
Neutrinos from blazars
Authors: Cerruti Matteo
Published: March 2020

The evidence for joint gamma and neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056 has renewed interest in blazars as neutrino sources. The detection of neutrinos from blazars can be seen as the smoking gun for the presence of relativistic protons in blazar’s jets, and can thus help identify blazars, and active galactic nuclei in general, as cosmic-ray accelerators. In this contribution I first introduce blazars and blazar hadronic models, and then present the results of the multi-messenger modeling of both the 2017 gamma-neutrino flare, and the 2014-2015 neutrino-only flare of TXS 0506+056. For the first time it is possible to constrain blazar hadronic models using the information from neutrino detectors, and I discuss the implications of these neutrino observations on our understanding of the physics of relativistic jets from super-massive black-holes.
Signatures of dark matter in cosmic-ray observations
Authors: Cuoco Alessandro
Published: March 2020

I provide a short review of the current status of indirect dark matter searches with gamma rays, charged cosmic rays and neutrinos. For each case I will focus on various excesses reported in the literature which have been interpreted as possible hints of dark matter, and I will use them as examples to discuss theoretical aspects and analysis methodologies.
NICHE detector and operations
Authors: Omura Yugo , Bergman Douglas R , Krizmanic John F , Nakai Kei , Tsunesada Yoshiki
Published: March 2020

The Non-Imaging CHErenkov Array (NICHE) is a low energy extension to Telescope Array and TALE using an array of closely spaced (˜ 200m) light collectors covering an area of ˜ 2 square km. It is being deployed in the field of view of TALE and will overlap it in the energy range above 4 PeV. Cosmic ray air showers with energies 1-100 PeV are reconstructed using both the Cherenkov light Lateral Distribution and the Cherenkov time Width Lateral Distribution. These two methods will allow shower energy and X
max to be determined. A prototype of the array, called j-NICHE, has been deployed. The performance of detector’s components, current status of the detectors and the observations are presented.
Neutrino distributions for a rotating core-collapse supernova with a Boltzmann-neutrino-transport
Authors: Harada Akira
Published: March 2020

We simulate the collapse of a rotating core of the progenitor with 11.2 solar mass with the Boltzmann-radiation-hydrodynamics code, which solves the Boltzmann equations for neutrino transfer directly. We pay particular attention to the neutrino distribution in phase space, which is affected by the rotation. By solving the Boltzmann equations directly, we can assess the rotation-induced distortion of the angular distribution in momentum space, which gives rise to the rotational component of the neutrino flux. We compare the Eddington tensors calculated both from the raw data and from the M1-closure approximation. We find that the difference in the Eddington factors reaches ˜ 20% in our simulation. This is due to the different dependence of the Eddington and flux factors on the angular profile of the neutrino distribution function, and hence modification to the closure relation is needed.
Can the TeV gamma-ray sky probe the galactic cosmic ray distribution?
Authors: Pagliaroli G. , Cataldo M. , Vecchiotti V. , Villante F.L.
Published: March 2020

We evaluate the diffuse gamma-ray flux at TeV energies produced by hadronic interactions of cosmic rays with the gas contained in the galactic disk. We consider different assumptions for the cosmic ray distribution, including the recently emerged possibility of a harder cosmic ray spectrum in the inner Galaxy. We show that observational data provided by Argo-YBJ, HESS, HAWC and Milagro, can already discriminate among different hyphoteses. The constraints can be strengthened if the contribution of sources not resolved by HESS is taken into account.
Variations of cosmic ray muon flux during thunderstorms as a tool for studying electric field distribution and particle production processes in the atmosphere
Authors: Khaerdinov M N , Khaerdinov N S , Lidvansky A S
Published: March 2020

The recently published result of GRAPES-3 (a strong thunderstorm muon intensity change) and conclusions made on its basis by this collaboration are discussed and compared with the Baksan observations of muon variations during thunderstorms performed much earlier. It is demonstrated that generally both experiments are quite consistent as far as characteristic patterns of events are concerned, as well as conclusions about direct connection between amplitude of muon intensity disturbance and electric field strength in the atmosphere. However, the GRAPES-3 conclusion about gigavolt potentials associated with their event is doubtful and seems to contradict the fundamental limits on electric fields that can exist in the atmosphere.
Search for cosmic gamma rays of ultra-high energies with the Baksan air shower array
Authors: Lidvansky A S , Dzhappuev D D , Petkov V B , Gorbacheva E A , Dzaparova I M , Kudzhaev A U , Klimenko N F , Kurenya A N , Mikhailova O I , Romanenko V S , Khadziev M M , Yanin A F
Published: March 2020

Recently two collaborations (Tibet ASγ and HAWC) almost simultaneously reported about their measurements of ultra-high-energy (> 100 TeV) gamma rays from the Crab Nebula. The Baksan air shower array (BASA) recorded a burst from this very source as long ago as more than 20 years. At the moment the new experiment on gamma ray astronomy (Carpet-3 project) started at Baksan, and it is appropriate to recall old results of BASA to be compared with the new results, already published and expected.