bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are migrants in large cities underpaid? Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet , Minh Thai Pham
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the wage gap between migrants and non-migrants in large cities in Vietnam. It finds that migrants receive substantially lower wages than non-migrants. The wage gap tends to be larger for older migrants. However, once observed demographic characteristics of workers are controlled, there are no differences in wages between migrants and non-migrants. The main difference in observed wages between migrants and non-migrants is explained by differences in age and education between migrants and non-migrants.

JEL Classification:O15, R23, I32
Change and Continuity: Comparing the Metaxas Dictatorship and the Colonels' Junta in Greece
Authors: Angelis Vangelis
Published: October 2016

A comparison between the two dictatorships of Greece in the twentieth century (the 4th of August regime of 1936–41 and the Colonels' dictatorship of 1967–74) cannot be fruitful if it is static. One cannot understand the nature of these two regimes without studying the years that separated them. This period oscillated between Venizelism and anti-Venizelism and was characterized by the ideological struggle between capitalism and communism of the Cold War prior to the restoration of democracy in Greece in 1974. A look at these years reveals interesting insights into the legacies and the continuities of Greek society in the twentieth century.
The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Palestinian Officials' Perspective on the George W. Bush Administration's Intervention
Authors: Mustafa Eid H. , Abdelsalam El-fatih A.
Published: October 2016

Successive US administrations, including that of George W. Bush, have not recognized Palestinian interests and demands. The Bush administration initially showed a lack of serious intent to intervene in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and had a negative position toward the Palestinians and their interests. However, subsequent Bush administration mediation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict gained the Palestinians' acceptance. This essay investigates the motivations and reasons behind the Palestinian officials' endorsement of the mediation. The researchers conducted 6 face-to-face interviews and 112 structured interviews with senior Palestinians, including negotiators, security officials, political leaders, parliamentarians, academicians, and experts in the field.
Ethnic Federalism and Power Sharing in Cyprus: Motives, Constraints, and Preconditions
Authors: Koktsidis Pavlos I. , Apostolou Menelaos
Published: October 2016

Negotiations for the settlement of the Cyprus question have resumed amid a pressing geopolitical and economic reality. Greek and Turkish Cypriots adopt distinct interpretations of the United Nations–designated recipe for a bicommunal and bizonal federation in Cyprus. In the relative absence of major normative preconditions for settlement, including a lack of common vision and mutual trust, the pillar notions of federalism and consociationalism have been adapted to serve each side's vital security concerns and to increase each side's leverage in a future federal arrangement in Cyprus. This study conducted an opinion poll of young, educated Greek Cypriots to identify the preferred type of constitutional settlement in the context of a number of perceived motives, constraints, and preconditions. The findings of this survey reveal substantial consensus on the acceptance of a bizonal, bicommunal solution. Yet acceptance of a federal solution is subject to certain prerequisites. The study reveals the varying influence of current economic concerns on a prospective solution.
Preparation of Manganese/Graphite Oxide Composite Using Permanganate and Graphite: Application as Catalyst in Bromination of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Suzuki Hideyuki , Nishina Yuta
Published: October 2016

A highly efficient one-pot preparation of manganese/graphite oxide (MnOX/GO) composite from graphite and KMnO4 is described. Hummers preparation method of GO requires a stoichiometric amount of KMnO4, as a result, the method produces a large amount of reduced Mn species. The Mn residue generally is a waste, therefore, we envisioned converting it to value-added materials. A MnOX/GO composite was prepared in one-pot by treating the unpurified GO with aqueous KOH. The composite was characterized by XRD, XAFS, SEM and TEM. Among various applications of the MnOX/GO composite, we applied it as a recyclable catalyst for bromination of saturated hydrocarbons, one of the most basic but important chemical transformations. The MnOX/GO composite is expected to be an efficient catalyst because of the high surface area and high accessibility of substrates derived from the 2-dimensional sheet structure. When the reaction of a saturated hydrocarbon and Br2 in the presence of catalytic MnOX/GO was performed under fluorescent light irradiation, a brominated product was formed in high yield in a short reaction time. GO could strongly bind with Mn to prevent elution to the liquid phase, enabling the high recyclability.
Use of infrared hyperspectral imaging as an aid for paint identification
Authors: Polak A. , Kelman T. , Murray P. , Marshall S. , Stothard D. , Eastaugh N. , Eastaugh F.
Published: October 2016

Art authentication is a complicated process that often requires the extensive study of high value objects. Although
a series of non-destructive techniques is already available for art scientists, new techniques, extending current
possibilities, are still required. In this paper, the use of a novel mid-infrared tunable imager is proposed as an active
hyperspectral imaging system for art work analysis. The system provides access to a range of wavelengths in the
electromagnetic spectrum (2500–3750 nm) which are otherwise difficult to access using conventional hyperspectral
imaging (HSI) equipment. The use of such a tool could be beneficial if applied to the paint classification problem and could
help analysts map the diversity of pigments within a given painting. The performance of this tool is demonstrated and
compared with a conventional, off-the-shelf HSI system operating in the near infrared spectral region (900–1700 nm).
Various challenges associated with laser-based imaging are demonstrated and solutions to these challenges as well as
the results of applying classification algorithms to datasets captured using both HSI systems are presented. While the
conventional HSI system provides data in which more pigments can be accurately classified, the result of applying the
proposed laser-based imaging system demonstrates the validity of this technique for application in art authentication
tasks.
Solution structure of the 5′-terminal hairpin of the 7SK small nuclear RNA
Authors: Bourbigot Sarah , Dock-Bregeon Anne-Catherine , Eberling Pascal , Coutant Jérôme , Kieffer Bruno , Lebars Isabelle
Published: October 2016

The small nuclear 7SK RNA regulates RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) transcription, by sequestering and inhibiting the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). P-TEFb is stored in the 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that contains the three nuclear proteins Hexim1, LaRP7, and MePCE. P-TEFb interacts with the protein Hexim1 and the 7SK RNA. Once P-TEFb is released from the 7SK RNP, it activates transcription by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol II. P-TEFb also plays a crucial role in the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1, through its recruitment by the viral transactivator Tat. Previous work demonstrated that the protein Tat promotes the release of P-TEFb from the 7SK RNP through direct binding to the 7SK RNA. Hexim1 and Tat proteins both comprise conserved and similar arginine-rich motifs that were identified to bind the 7SK RNA at a repeated GAUC site located at the top of the 5′-terminal hairpin (HPI). Here, we report the solution structure of this region as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, to identify HPI structural features recognized by Hexim1 and Tat. The HPI solution structure displays an elongated shape featuring four helical segments interrupted by one internal loop and three bulges with distinct folds. In particular, the repeated GAUC motif adopts a pre-organized geometry. Our results suggest that the binding of Hexim1 and Tat to the 7SK RNA could originate from a conformational selection of this motif, highlighting how RNA local structure could lead to an adaptive recognition of their partners.
Financial markets in CEE countries and their role in transmission of euro area monetary policy shocks
Authors: Wierzbowska Agata
Published: October 2016

This paper uses the VAR methodology to analyse stock, bond, and exchange rate markets in six Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. First, we study the influence of shocks occurring in each market on domestic economic conditions. Next, a counterfactual simulation analysis is carried out to discern the role of financial markets in the transmission of European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy shocks into CEE economies. The results have implications for both present monetary policy-making and future euro adoptions, as well as for investors concerned with financial assets of CEE countries. While examining the estimated responses of domestic output and inflation to changes in stock, bond, and exchange rate prices, we draw conclusions on the relatively lower importance of the bond market and higher importance of stock and exchange rate markets in the economies. The study of transmission channels also points to stock markets as the main channel of transmission, especially in the case of transmission to the output. Transmission of monetary shocks to inflation takes place mainly through stock and exchange rate markets. There is also strong indication on considerable diversity across CEE countries taking place.
Supporting the needs of survivors of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: October 2016

Stephanie Thornton looks at the short- and long-term impact of sexual abuse and explores some of the strategies to assess and meet the needs of survivors.
On 1-sum flows in undirected graphs
Authors: Akbari Saieed , Friedland Shmuel , Markstrom Klas , Zare Sanaz
Published: October 2016

Let $G=(V, E)$ be a simple undirected graph. For a given set $L\subset \mathbb{R}$, a function $\omega: E \longrightarrow L$ is called an $L$-flow. Given a vector $\gamma \in \mathbb{R}^V$, $\omega$ is a $\gamma$-$L$-flow if for each $v\in V$, the sum of the values on the edges incident to $v$ is $\gamma(v)$. If $\gamma(v)=c$, for all $v\in V$, then the $\gamma$-$L$-flow is called a $c$-sum $L$-flow. In this paper, the existence of $\gamma$-$L$-flows for various choices of sets $L$ of real numbers is studied, with an emphasis on 1-sum flows. Let $L$ be a subset of real numbers containing $0$ and denote $L^*:=L\setminus \{0\}$. Answering a question from S. Akbari, M. Kano, and S. Zare. A generalization of $0$-sum flows in graphs. \emph{Linear Algebra Appl.}, 438:3629--3634, 2013.], the bipartite graphs which admit a $1$-sum $\mathbb{R}^*$-flow or a $1$-sum $\mathbb{Z}^*$-flow are characterized. It is also shown that every $k$-regular graph, with $k$ either odd or congruent to 2 modulo 4, admits a $1$-sum $\{-1, 0, 1\}$-flow.
Optimal Gersgorin-style estimation of the largest singular value. II
Authors: Johnson Charles , Pena J. , Szulc Tomasz
Published: October 2016

In estimating the largest singular value in the class of matrices equiradial with a given $n$-by-$n$ complex matrix $A$, it was proved that it is attained at one of $n(n-1)$ sparse nonnegative matrices (see C.R.~Johnson, J.M.~Pe{\~n}a and T.~Szulc, Optimal Gersgorin-style estimation of the largest singular value; {\em Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra Algebra Appl.}, 25:48--59, 2011). Next, some circumstances were identified under which the set of possible optimizers of the largest singular value can be further narrowed (see C.R.~Johnson, T.~Szulc and D.~Wojtera-Tyrakowska, Optimal Gersgorin-style estimation of the largest singular value, {\it Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra Algebra Appl.}, 25:48--59, 2011). Here the cardinality of the mentioned set for $n$-by-$n$ matrices is further reduced. It is shown that the largest singular value, in the class of matrices equiradial with a given $n$-by-$n$ complex matrix, is attained at one of $n(n-1)/2$ sparse nonnegative matrices. Finally, an inequality between the spectral radius of a $3$-by-$3$ nonnegative matrix $X$ and the spectral radius of a modification of $X$ is also proposed.
Numerical Range for the Matrix Exponential Function
Authors: Chorianopoulos Christos , Guo Chun-Hua
Published: October 2016

For a given square matrix A, the numerical range for the exponential function e^(At), t in C, is considered. Some geometrical and topological properties of the numerical range are presented.
O comportamento hidrológico do rio Mondego perante valores de precipitação intensa, em Coimbra
Authors: Louro Sílvia , Lourenço Luciano
Published: October 2016

A compreensão dos fenómenos naturais associados a riscos climático-meteorológicos e hidrológicos pretende ser um contributo para a sua prevenção. Neste âmbito, estabeleceram-se parâmetros de risco, quanto a cheia e inundação, para as estações de referência, em Coimbra e foram delimitados espaços que devem ser considerados de restrição e de precaução, quanto à sua ocupação.
Cheias e inundações do rio Tejo em Abrantes
Authors: Madeira Cristina
Published: October 2016

As cheias e inundações do Rio Tejo, à semelhança de outros rios portugueses, constituem uma realidade incorporada na vivência e actividades das populações ribeirinhas. Em termos geográficos, o transbordo dos cursos de água revela-se de grande interesse, uma vez que colidindo com a ocupação humana e actividades localizadas em áreas de risco, implica medidas no (Re)Ordenamento do Território. Neste estudo, foram consideradas as condições geomorfológicas, climáticas e antrópicas que influenciam a ocorrência de cheias e inundações em Abrantes.
From Theory to Practice: Critical Thinking as a Multifaceted Concept
Authors: Barnaby Beverley
Published: October 2016

In this article I reflect on the problem that critical thinking skills are simultaneously seen as important in higher education, and yet remain difficult to define. I draw on a small pilot study to explore the various dimensions to critical thinking and the extent to which students and their tutors identify similar characteristics as being of equal importance. Participants were also asked to reflect on the attainment level of students in critical thinking. The results of this pilot study suggest that, whilst all participants agree on the importance of critical thinking skills, there are some variations in how they understand the term and the extent to which they judge that students employ these skills.
Living at a High Arctic Polynya: Inughuit Settlement and Subsistence around the North Water during the Thule Station Period, 1910–53
Authors: Grønnow Bjarne
Published: October 2016

The settlement and subsistence patterns of the Inughuit of the Avanersuaq (Thule area) are described and analyzed for the years 1910 to 1953, when Knud Rasmussen’s trading station at Dundas was active. Inughuit subsistence was based on the rich biotic resources of the North Water polynya between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, but the analysis shows that trade, primarily with fox furs at the Thule Station, also played a major role in shaping the settlement pattern of the period. During the Thule Station Period, the named winter settlements amounted to c. 40 sites; however, only 10–15 of them were settled at any given time. The Inughuit settlement close to the station, Uummannaq, soon became the largest site in the area. The sources enable us to follow changes of residence of some hunting families over four decades. By moving their winter sites every second or third year, the families gained primary knowledge of the topography and seasonal variation of the hunting grounds in the entire Thule district during their active years. In the same way, they connected with diverse family networks through the years. Tracing the sledge routes that connected the sites over great distances reveals how decisive proximity to main and escape routes over the Ice Cap was for site location. Dog sledge technology, and thus capacity to transport people, gear, and stored food, boomed during the Thule Station Period with the wealth created from trade and access to raw materials. Mapping the main hunting grounds on the sea ice and modeling the hunters’ annual range of possibilities for accessing different game—mainly walrus, ringed seal, narwhal, and sea birds (plus some caribou)—showed that ringed seal formed the bread and butter of the subsistence economy. However, bulk resources, gained in particular from intensive spring walrus hunts at a few hot spots, as well as carefully timed consumption and sharing of the stored meat and blubber, were keys to life at the North Water polynya. Temporary settlement at the trading stations in the area—a couple of winters at a time—was also part of the risk management strategy of the Inughuit.
Between Absorption, Abstraction and Exhibition: Inflections of the Cinematic Tableau in the Films of Corneliu Porumboiu, Roy Andersson and Joanna Hogg
Authors: Pethő Ágnes
Published: October 2016

The paper proposes to focus on the multiple affordances and intermedial aesthetic of the cinematic tableau seen as a performative space resulting in the impression of watching a painting, a theatre stage, a shop window, a diorama, or a photo-filmic installation in which the play between stillness and motion is accompanied by a reflexive emphasis on media and the senses. Such images, described extensively by David Bordwell in his writings on the evolution of film style, are being re-evaluated through debates on the “tableau form,” “absorption and theatricality” in modern art and photography (e.g. Jean-François Chevrier, Michael Fried). In particular, the aim of this paper is to examine inflections of the cinematic tableau in the films of three contemporary European authors, Corneliu Porumboiu (Romania), Roy Andersson (Sweden) and Joanna Hogg (UK), and relate them to the paradigm of the Dutch interior established in seventeenth-century painting.
The Influence of X-Factor (Trunk Rotation) and Experience on the Quality of the Badminton Forehand Smash
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Shiming , Wan Bingjun , Visentin Peter , Jiang Qinxian , Dyck Mary , Li Hua , Shan Gongbing
Published: October 2016

No existing studies of badminton technique have used full-body biomechanical modeling based on three-dimensional (3D) motion capture to quantify the kinematics of the sport. The purposes of the current study were to: 1) quantitatively describe kinematic characteristics of the forehand smash using a 15-segment, full-body biomechanical model, 2) examine and compare kinematic differences between novice and skilled players with a focus on trunk rotation (the X-factor), and 3) through this comparison, identify principal parameters that contributed to the quality of the skill. Together, these findings have the potential to assist coaches and players in the teaching and learning of the forehand smash. Twenty-four participants were divided into two groups (novice, n = 10 and skilled, n = 14). A 10-camera VICON MX40 motion capture system (200 frames/s) was used to quantify full-body kinematics, racket movement and the flight of the shuttlecock. Results confirmed that skilled players utilized more trunk rotation than novices. In two ways, trunk rotation (the X-factor) was shown to be vital for maximizing the release speed of the shuttlecock – an important measure of the quality of the forehand smash. First, more trunk rotation invoked greater lengthening in the pectoralis major (PM) during the preparation phase of the stroke which helped generate an explosive muscle contraction. Second, larger range of motion (ROM) induced by trunk rotation facilitated a whip-like (proximal to distal) control sequence among the body segments responsible for increasing racket speed. These results suggest that training intended to increase the efficacy of this skill needs to focus on how the X-factor is incorporated into the kinematic chain of the arm and the racket.
Re-Evaluation of Old Findings on Stroke Volume Responses to Exercise and Recovery by Nitrous-Oxide Rebreathin
Authors: Colakoglu Muzaffer , Ozkaya Ozgur , Balci Gorkem Aybars , Yapicioglu Bulent
Published: October 2016

It is important to verify the old findings of Cumming (1972) and Goldberg and Shephard (1980) who showed that stroke volume (SV) may be higher during recovery rather than during exercise, in order to organize the number of intervals throughout training sessions. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate individual SV responses to various upright cycling exercises using the nitrous-oxide rebreathing method. Nine moderate to well-trained male athletes volunteered to take part in the study (maximal O2uptake (VO2max): 60.2 ± 7 mL⋅min-1⋅kg-1). Workloads ranging from 40-100% of VO2maxwere applied to determine individual peak SV (SVpeak) response. Results showed that SV responses were higher during exercise compared to recovery in all exercise loads from 40-100% of VO2max. Mean SV responses to individual SVpeak loads were also higher during exercise compared to recovery (122.9 ± 2.5 versus 105.3 ± 5.93 mL). The highest SV responses to 10 min exercises of 40-70% of VO2maxwere obtained in the 5thor 7.5thmin of each stage (p≤0.05). Meanwhile, during 5 min exercises between 80-100% of VO2max, peak SV responses were observed in the 3rdmin of loading (p≤0.05). In conclusion, individual SVpeak levels encountered over wide exercise intensity ranges showed that SVpeak development may also be correlated to exercise intensity corresponding to individual SVpeakloads.
Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases in Athletes in Different Sports Disciplines
Authors: Gałązka-Franta Anna , Jura-Szołtys Edyta , Smółka Wojciech , Gawlik Radosław
Published: October 2016

Upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes are a very common medical problem. Training conditions in different sports disciplines increase the risk of upper respiratory disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy acute or chronic exercise is related to an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Regular physical exercise at high intensity may lead to transient immunosuppression due to high prevalence of allergic diseases in athletes. Regardless of the cause they can exclude athletes from the training program and significantly impair their performance. In the present work, the most common upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes taking into account the disciplines in which they most often occur were presented. The focus was laid on symptoms, diagnostic methods and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, preventive procedures which can help reduce the occurrence of upper respiratory tract disease in athletes were presented. Management according to anti-doping rules, criteria for return to training and competition as an important issues of athlete’s health were discussed.
Monitoring Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses to Official and Simulated Matches In Elite Young Soccer Players
Authors: Freitas Camila G. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Arruda Ademir F. S. , Franciscon Clóvis , Moreira Alexandre
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine SIgA responses (concentration [SIgAabs] and a secretion rate [SIgArate]) to official and simulated competitive matches in young soccer players. The sample was composed of 26 male soccer players (age 15.6 ± 1.1 yrs, stature 177.0 ± 6.1 cm, body mass 70.5 ± 5.7 kg). Four soccer matches (two simulated matches [SM] and two official matches [OM]) were conducted. The matches consisted of two halves of 35 min with a 10 min rest interval. Each assessed player participated in only one SM and one OM. All matches were performed in the same week, during the competitive season, and at the same time of the day (9:00 am), separated by 48 h. Saliva samples were collected before and after every match. The session rating of perceived exertion was reported 30 min after each match in order to determine the internal training load (ITL). A significant decrease in SIgAabs and SIgArate after OM was observed when compared to the pre-match value. In addition, the SIgArate was higher at pre-OM when compared to pre-SM. A higher ITL for OM was observed compared to SM. The current findings indicate that OM may lead to a decrease in the main mucosal immunity function parameter of young soccer players that could increase the risk of URTI. Coaches should be aware of it in order to plan appropriate training loads and recovery procedures to avoid or minimize the likelihood of upper respiratory tract infection occurrences.
Repeated Dribbling Ability in Young Soccer Players: Reproducibility and Variation by the Competitive Level
Authors: Duarte João P. , Tavares Óscar , Valente-dos-Santos João , Severino Vítor , Ahmed Alexis , Rebelo-Gonçalves Ricardo , Pereira João R. , Vaz Vasco , Póvoas Susana , Seabra André , Cumming Sean P. , Coelho-e-Silva Manuel J
Published: October 2016

The intermittent nature of match performance in youth soccer supports relevance of ability to repeatedly produce high-intensity actions with short recovery periods. This study was aimed to examine the reproducibility of a repeated dribbling ability protocol and, additionally, to estimate the contribution of concurrent tests to explain inter-individual variability in repeated dribbling output. The total sample comprised 98 players who were assessed as two independent samples: 31 players were assessed twice to examine reliability of the protocol; and 67 juveniles aged 16.1 ± 0.6 years were compared by the competitive level (local, n = 34; national, n = 33) to examine construct validity. All single measurements appeared to be reasonably reliable: total (ICC = 0.924; 95%CI: 0.841 to 0.963); ideal (ICC = 0.913; 95%CI: 0.820 to 0.958); worst (ICC = 0.813; 95%CI: 0.611 to 0.910). In addition, the percentage of the coefficient of variation was below the critical value of 5% for total (%CV = 3.84; TEM = 2.51 s); ideal (%CV = 3.90, TEM = 2.48 s). Comparisons between local and national players suggested magnitude effects as follows: moderate (d-value ranged from 0.63 to 0.89) for all repeated sprint ability scores; large for total (d = 1.87), ideal (d = 1.72), worst (d = 1.28) and moderate for composite scores: the fatigue index (d = 0.69) and the decrement score (d = 0.67). In summary, the dribbling protocol presented reasonable reproducibility properties and output extracted from the protocol seemed to be independent from biological maturation.
Comparison of oxygen uptake during and after the execution of resistance exercises and exercises performed on ergometers, matched for intensity
Authors: Vilaça-Alves José , Freitas Nuno Miguel , Saavedra Francisco José , Scott Christopher B. , dos Reis Victor Machado , Simão Roberto , Garrido Nuno
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the values of oxygen uptake (VO2) during and after strength training exercises (STe) and ergometer exercises (Ee), matched for intensity and exercise time. Eight men (24 ± 2.33 years) performed upper and lower body cycling Ee at the individual’s ventilatory threshold (VE/VCO2). The STe session included half squats and the bench press which were performed with a load at the individual blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l. Both sessions lasted 30 minutes, alternating 50 seconds of effort with a 10 second transition time between upper and lower body work. The averaged overall VO2 between sessions was significantly higher for Ee (24.96 ± 3.6 ml·kg·min-1) compared to STe (21.66 ± 1.77 ml·kg·min-1) (p = 0.035), but this difference was only seen for the first 20 minutes of exercise. Absolute VO2 values between sessions did not reveal differences. There were more statistically greater values in Ee compared to STe, regarding VO2 of lower limbs (25.44 ± 3.84 ml·kg·min-1 versus 21.83 ± 2·24 ml·kg·min-1; p = 0.038) and upper limbs (24.49 ± 3.84 ml·kg·min-1 versus 21.54 ± 1.77 ml·kg·min-1; p = 0.047). There were further significant differences regarding the moment effect (p<0.0001) of both STe and Ee sessions. With respect to the moment × session effect, only VO2 5 minutes into recovery showed significant differences (p = 0.017). In conclusion, although significant increases in VO2 were seen following Ee compared to STe, it appears that the load/intensity, and not the material/equipment used for the execution of an exercise, are variables that best influence oxygen uptake.
Analysis of Setting Efficacy in Young Male and Female Volleyball Players
Authors: González-Silva Jara , Domínguez Alberto Moreno , Fernández-Echeverría Carmen , Rabaz Fernando Claver , Arroyo M. Perla Moreno
Published: October 2016

The main objective of this study was to analyse the variables that predicted setting efficacy in complex I (KI) in volleyball, in formative categories and depending on gender. The study sample was comprised of 5842 game actions carried out by the 16 male category and the 18 female category teams that participated in the Under-16 Spanish Championship. The dependent variable was setting efficacy. The independent variables were grouped into: serve variables (a serve zone, the type of serve, striking technique, an in-game role of the server and serve direction), reception variables (a reception zone, a receiver player and reception efficacy) and setting variables (a setter‘s position, a setting zone, the type of a set, setting technique, a set’s area and tempo of a set). Multinomial logistic regression showed that the best predictive variables of setting efficacy, both in female and male categories, were reception efficacy, setting technique and tempo of a set. In the male category, the jump serve was the greatest predictor of setting efficacy, while in the female category, it was the set’s area. Therefore, in the male category, it was not only the preceding action that affected setting efficacy, but also the serve. On the contrary, in the female category, only variables of the action itself and of the previous action, reception, affected setting efficacy. The results obtained in the present study should be taken into account in the training process of both male and female volleyball players in formative stages.
Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Team Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Slimani Maamer , Chamari Karim , Miarka Bianca , Del Vecchio Fabricio B. , Chéour Foued
Published: October 2016

Plyometric training (PT) is a very popular form of physical conditioning of healthy individuals that has been extensively studied over the last decades. In this article, we critically review the available literature related to PT and its effects on physical fitness in team sport athletes. We also considered studies that combined PT with other popular training modalities (e.g. strength/sprint training). Generally, short-term PT (i.e. 2-3 sessions a week for 4-16 weeks) improves jump height, sprint and agility performances in team sport players. Literature shows that short PT (<8 weeks) has the potential to enhance a wide range of athletic performance (i.e. jumping, sprinting and agility) in children and young adult amateur players. Nevertheless, 6 to 7 weeks training appears to be too short to improve physical performance in elite male players. Available evidence suggests that short-term PT on non-rigid surfaces (i.e. aquatic, grass or sand-based PT) could elicit similar increases in jumping, sprinting and agility performances as traditional PT. Furthermore, the combination of various plyometric exercises and the bilateral and unilateral jumps could improve these performances more than the use of single plyometric drills or traditional PT. Thus, the present review shows a greater effect of PT alone on jump and sprint (30 m sprint performance only) performances than the combination of PT with sprint/strength training. Although many issues related to PT remain to be resolved, the results presented in this review allow recommending the use of well-designed and sport-specific PT as a safe and effective training modality for improving jumping and sprint performance as well as agility in team sport athletes.
The Relationship Between Maximum Isometric Strength and Ball Velocity in the Tennis Serve
Authors: Baiget Ernest , Corbi Francisco , Fuentes Juan Pedro , Fernández-Fernández Jaime
Published: October 2016

The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between maximum isometric strength levels in different upper and lower limb joints and serve velocity in competitive tennis players as well as to develop a prediction model based on this information. Twelve male competitive tennis players (mean ± SD; age: 17.2 ± 1.0 years; body height: 180.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 71.9 ± 5.6 kg) were tested using maximum isometric strength levels (i.e., wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion and extension; leg and back extension; shoulder external and internal rotation). Serve velocity was measured using a radar gun. Results showed a strong positive relationship between serve velocity and shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.67; p < 0.05). Low to moderate correlations were also found between serve velocity and wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion – extension, leg and back extension and shoulder external rotation (r = 0.36 – 0.53; p = 0.377 – 0.054). Bivariate and multivariate models for predicting serve velocity were developed, with shoulder flexion and internal rotation explaining 55% of the variance in serve velocity (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The maximum isometric strength level in shoulder internal rotation was strongly related to serve velocity, and a large part of the variability in serve velocity was explained by the maximum isometric strength levels in shoulder internal rotation and shoulder flexion.
Examining the relationship between personality, organizational political skill and perceived team performance in a multinational military staff exercise context
Authors: Ohlsson Alicia , Hedlund Erik , Larsson Gerry
Published: October 2016

Military staffs are composed of many smaller teams that are interdependent upon each other for a positive functioning level of the whole staff. Many factors can improve or harm the harmony of the staff. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the soft factors that may affect team performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions, political skill and perceived team performance in a multinational staff training event. The sample included 185 military staff officers (49% response rate). The results indicated that the personality dimension Emotional stability and Political skill had a limited, yet statistically significant, predictive power on team performance. Practical considerations and future research directions are suggested.
MRGN: New classification for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Kaase Martin
Published: October 2016

New recommendations for infection control in the case of infection or colonization by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were published by the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute, Germany. In this context, a new definition for multidrug-resistance, the so-called MRGN classification, was introduced. This was necessary because previous definitions did not seem suitable for the purpose of hospital hygiene. The MRGN classification grades multidrug-resistance by severity distinguishing 3MRGN and 4MRGN, resulting in different recommendations for infection control. In addition, not all antibiotics are regarded as equally important in the classification, but only the most relevant classes, such as ureidopenicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, are taken into account. The MRGN classification is mainly based on resistance categories, not on resistance mechanisms. An exception has been made for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are always classified as 4MRGN irrespective of their antibiogram due to their importance. The correct MRGN classification should only be performed by experienced microbiological laboratories and requires a reliable detection of carbapenemases.
Factorization theorems for strong maps between matroids of arbitrary cardinality
Authors: Mao Hua
Published: October 2016

In this paper we present factorization theorems for strong maps between matroids of arbitrary cardinality. Moreover, we present a new way to prove the factorization theorem for strong maps between finite matroids.
Existence theory for sequential fractional differential equations with anti-periodic type boundary conditions
Authors: Aqlan Mohammed H. , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir , Nieto Juan J.
Published: October 2016

We develop the existence theory for sequential fractional differential equations involving Liouville-Caputo fractional derivative equipped with anti-periodic type (non-separated) and nonlocal integral boundary conditions. Several existence criteria depending on the nonlinearity involved in the problems are presented by means of a variety of tools of the fixed point theory. The applicability of the results is shown with the aid of examples. Our results are not only new in the given configuration but also yield some new special cases for specific choices of parameters involved in the problems.
Some congruences for 3-component multipartitions
Authors: Zhao Tao Yan , Jin Lily J. , Gu C.
Published: October 2016

Letp3(n) denote the number of 3-component multipartitions ofn. Recently, using a 3-dissection formula for the generating function ofp3(n), Baruah and Ojah proved that forn≥ 0,p3(9n+ 5) ≡ 0 (mod 33) andp3 (9n+ 8) ≡ 0 (mod 34). In this paper, we prove several congruences modulo powers of 3 forp3(n) by using some theta function identities. For example, we prove that forn≥ 0,p3 (243n+ 233) ≡p3 (729n+ 638) ≡ 0 (mod 310).
Convolutions of harmonic right half-plane mappings
Authors: Li YingChun , Liu ZhiHong
Published: October 2016

We first prove that the convolution of a normalized right half-plane mapping with another subclass of normalized right half-plane mappings with the dilatation−z(a+z)/(1+az)$ - z(a + z)/(1 + az)$is CHD (convex in the horizontal direction) provideda=1$a = 1$or−1≤a≤0$ - 1 \le a \le 0$. Secondly, we give a simply method to prove the convolution of two special subclasses of harmonic univalent mappings in the right half-plane is CHD which was proved by Kumar et al. [1, Theorem 2.2]. In addition, we derive the convolution of harmonic univalent mappings involving the generalized harmonic right half-plane mappings is CHD. Finally, we present two examples of harmonic mappings to illuminate our main results.
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and postpandemic influenza in Lithuania
Authors: Ambrozaitis Arvydas , Radzišauskienė Daiva , Žagminas Kęstutis , Kuprevičienė Nerija , Gravenstein Stefan , Jančorienė Ligita
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized in Lithuania who are infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and to compare pandemic A(H1N1) pdm09 infection with postpandemic.

In total, 146 subjects hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 were identified from 2009–2011. There were 53 during the initial pandemic wave in the summer of 2009, 69 during the peak pandemic period, and 24 during the “postpandemic” period that we included in this study. There were 22 subjects who died after laboratory confirmation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

No deaths were documented during the first wave. Subjects presenting during the peak of pandemic influenza had a greater incidence of fever (100% vs 77.4%; p<0.001), dry cough (95.7% vs 82.7%; p=0.01), and vomiting (26.1% vs 1.9%, p<0.001) as compared with patients infected during the first wave. The rate of bacterial pneumonia was 18.8% (13/69) during the peak pandemic period and 12.5% (3/24, p=0.754) during the postpandemic period. None of the postpandemic influenza subjects’ intensive care unit stays were due to pneumonia.

The hospitalized early 2009 H1N1 pandemic cases and postpandemic cases were milder compared with those at the peak of pandemic activity.
D-shape polymer optical fibres for surface plasmon resonance sensing
Authors: Gasior K. , Martynkien T. , Wojcik G. , Mergo P. , Urbanczyk W.
Published: October 2016

We experimentally studied three different D-shape polymer optical fibres with an exposed core for their applications as surface plasmon resonance sensors. The first one was a conventional D-shape fibre with no microstructure while in two others the fibre core was surrounded by two rings of air holes. In one of the microstructured fibres we introduced special absorbing inclusions placed outside the microstructure to attenuate leaky modes. We compared the performance of the surface plasmon resonance sensors based on the three fibres. We showed that the fibre bending enhances the resonance in all investigated fibres. The measured sensitivity of about 610 nm/RIUfor the refractive index of glycerol solution around 1.350 is similar in all fabricated sensors. However, the spectral width of the resonance curve is significantly lower for the fibre with inclusions suppressing the leaky modes.
Coupled electric fields in photorefractive driven liquid crystal hybrid cells – theory and numerical simulation
Authors: Moszczyński P. , Walczak A. , Marciniak P.
Published: October 2016

In cyclic articles previously published we described and analysed self-organized light fibres inside a liquid crystalline (LC) cell contained photosensitive polymer (PP) layer. Such asymmetric LC cell we call a hybrid LC cell. Light fibre arises along a laser beam path directed in plane of an LC cell. It means that a laser beam is parallel to photosensitive layer. We observed the asymmetric LC cell response on an external driving field polarization. Observation has been done for an AC field first. It is the reason we decided to carry out a detailed research for a DC driving field to obtain an LC cell response step by step. The properly prepared LC cell has been built with an isolating layer and garbage ions deletion. We proved by means of a physical model, as well as a numerical simulation that LC asymmetric response strongly depends on junction barriers between PP and LC layers. New parametric model for a junction barrier on PP/LC boundary has been proposed. Such model is very useful because of lack of proper conductivity and charge carriers of band structure data on LC material.
La aparente actualidad en el debate sobre los inmigrantes y refugiados
Authors: Molero Hernández Paz
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo se analiza si las raíces de la crisis actual de los refugiados e inmigrantes son propias de nuestro tiempo. Para ello, se compara con otra crisis que tuvo lugar en Europa en el siglo xvi, a raíz de la prohibición de la mendicidad, concretamente en España, en 1545. En ese año se aprobaron un conjunto de disposiciones jurídicas que seguían, a su vez, un movimiento que se estaba difundiendo en toda Europa para regular el ejercicio de la limosna y prohibir una costumbre hasta entonces bastante tolerada: la mendicidad. Domingo de Soto, dominico y uno de los principales integrantes de la Escuela de Salamanca, publicó un comentario titulado Deliberación sobre la causa de los pobres, a la que replicó, poco tiempo después, el benedictino Juan de Robles, dando lugar entonces a lo que se llamó “El debate sobre los pobres”. Se analiza también si las claves del problema son propias de nuestro tiempo o si se repiten y, por último, sin dar una solución concreta —porque dadas las dimensiones del problema parece imposible— se intenta dar luces para la reflexión de las distintas alternativas y posibilidades que se abren ante esta crisis humanitaria.
Polos hegemónicos y construcción de identidades: una articulación arquitectónica para la conformación de un modelo de democracia entre la pasión y la racionalidad
Authors: Díaz Osorio Marcela , Parra Herrera Edisson Leonardo
Published: October 2016

Este artículo propone una estructura arquitectónica para una democracia alterna, conjugando lógicas de la razón y de la pasión. La estructura parte de la ontología del poder, de la intersubjetividad y de la conflictividad humana como suelo de la construcción de identidades políticas que denominamos polos hegemónicos; esto, como reacción a la despolitización del espacio público. La arquitectura al interior de los polos, sus fronteras políticas y la interacción entre ellos develan una ciudadanía capaz de una pluralidad multidimensional. Esta arquitectura toma como materia prima dos modelos de democracia supuestamente antitéticos, que se proclaman como alternativa a formas de democracia centradas en las élites: el modelo democrático de Jürgen Habermas y el modelo agonista de
Chantal Mouffe.
República y concordia. Política y paz en Agustín de Hipona
Authors: Sánchez Barbosa Diana Marcela
Published: October 2016

Se parte de la premisa de que para San Agustín la felicidad del ser humano está determinada por la paz, pues esta se constituye en uno de sus anhelos más profundos. Por ello, el artículo inicia con la exposición del proceso que va formando el pensamiento de este personaje, analizando en sus escritos la relación que desde la Antigüedad se ha presentado entre el tema de las instituciones sociales y políticas y la concepción religiosa de la realidad. Se muestra así como en los escritos agustinianos se percibe una respuesta concreta respecto a la pregunta sobre cómo ser cristiano y, al mismo tiempo, cómo pertenecer a una comunidad terrena y a un orden político. De esta forma, se desarrolla el concepto de orden en su pensamiento, para explicar la manera cómo la vida en comunidad y la República le ofrecen al hombre un camino que permite no solo el progreso de la sociedad, sino la consecución de la paz.
Reconciliación y paz. Un aporte desde la teología paulina
Authors: Medina Danilo Antonio
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo aborda desde la exégesis la histórica realidad nacional del conflicto, descubriendo en la comprensión bíblica de los conceptos de paz y reconciliación pistas para asumirla desde una ética cristiana. Aborda en primer lugar el Antiguo Testamento, en el que dada la vigencia de la ley del talión y una imagen de Yahvé que se nos presenta con frecuencia como la de un “vengador” (go’el), resulta poco factible encontrar elementos para defender la idea de la reconciliación, aunque muestra cómo en tal tradición, aquella encuentra su fuente y su sentido en Dios mismo. En Pablo, la reconciliación está en estrecha relación con el kerigma cristiano de la pasión, muerte y resurrección, vinculada así a un acontecimiento histórico que proyecta sus efectos tanto al ámbito de las relaciones interpersonales como al plano de las relaciones entre Dios y la humanidad, para desembocar en amor y disposición al perdón, pues anula la enemistad entre Dios y los hombres, o entre los grupos humanos. En cuanto a la paz, Pablo la vincula al concepto anterior, como resultado de la acción reconciliadora de Cristo en su misterio pascual, en el que se superan todos los prejuicios y esquemas que causan marginación y exclusión, en virtud de favoritismos de personas o de pueblos, siendo todos ahora un solo hombre nuevo, plenamente reconciliados y en armonía, con lógicas implicaciones en el campo social, desde las cuales el trabajo extrae pautas para la aplicación a la coyuntura histórica que lo motiva. 