bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Performance of Room Air-Conditioners and Ceiling Fans in Mixed-Mode Buildings
Authors: Gokarakonda Sriraj , van Treeck Christoph , Rawal Rajan , Thomas Stefan
Published: September 2023

Studies show that people can tolerate elevated temperatures in the presence of appreciable air movement (e.g., from using ceiling fans). This minimises the use of air-conditioners and extends their set-point temperature (Tset), resulting in energy savings in space cooling. However, there is little empirical evidence on the energy savings from using ceiling fans with Room Air-Conditioners (RACs). To address this gap, we analysed the energy performance of RACs with both fixed-speed compressors and inverter technology at different set-point temperatures and ceiling fan speed settings in 15 residential Mixed-Mode Buildings (MMBs) in India. Thermal comfort conditions (as predicted by the Indian Model for Adaptive Comfort-Residential (IMAC-R)) with minimum energy consumption were maintained at a set-point temperature (Tset) of 28 and 30 ∘C and a fan speed setting of one. Compared with a Tset of 24 °C, a Tset of 28 and 30 °C resulted in energy savings of 44 and 67%, respectively. With the use of RACs, a configuration with a minimum fan speed was satisfactory for an optimal use of energy and for maintaining the conditions of thermal comfort. In addition, RACs with inverter technology used 34–68% less energy than fixed-speed compressors. With the rising use of RACs, particularly in tropical regions, the study’s outcomes offer a significant potential for reducing space-cooling energy consumption and the resultant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Economic and Energy Analysis of the Operation of Windows in Residential Buildings in Poland
Authors: Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Tomasik Marcin
Published: September 2023

This article presents the results of the economic and energy analysis of the operation of five types of windows in residential buildings. The aim of this study was to determine (a) to what extent the construction and various insulation parameters of windows affect the operating costs of buildings, when using different heating systems, (b) to what extent the significant cost of purchasing windows with better insulation is compensated by lower building operation costs (heating and the lifecycle of windows), (c) how the temperature difference inside the building affects heat loss through windows and, as a result, heating costs when using different heating systems. Five types of windows were selected for detailed analysis: a double- and a triple-glazed PVC window, double- and triple-glazed wooden window, and triple-glazed aluminum window. When wooden double-glazed windows are replaced with aluminum windows, the return on investment occurs in just 2 to 4.4 years. It was also found that of the five types of windows tested, the total economic balance of the operation period is the most favorable for PVC windows, regardless of the type of glazing and the heating system. The operating costs of PVC windows in a model residential building are over 30% lower than in the case of wooden windows and almost 20% lower compared to aluminum windows.
Investigation of the Performance of Thermodynamic Analysis Models for a Cryocooler PPG-102 Stirling Engine
Authors: Antonakos George , Koronaki Irene , Domenikos George-Rafael , Baltadouros Serafeim
Published: September 2023

Three distinct thermodynamic analysis models are developed and applied to a renowned cryogenic engine (PPG-102), namely the isothermal model, the ideal Schmidt model, and the ideal adiabatic model. Through a comparative analysis, the theoretical outcomes derived from these models are juxtaposed with the corresponding theoretical results from the existing literature. The comprehensive evaluation of these findings demonstrates significant convergence, with minor deviations primarily attributed to the inherent assumptions underlying each model. The design of the PPG-102 engine is meticulously executed within the Solidworks environment, allowing for the subsequent simulation under operating conditions identical to those of the computational models. Remarkably, the simulation results closely approximate the outcomes of the adiabatic analysis, thus corroborating the validity and effectiveness of this particular model. In this work, the presented models, initially developed for thermal Stirling engines, are augmented and applied to a cryogenics Stirling engine, offering a unique understanding of the workings of this apparatus.
Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Synthesis Potential of Streptomyces fradiae sf106 Based on the Whole Genome and Non-Target Metabolomics and Exploration of the Biosynthesis of Tylosin
Authors: Jia Chenbo , Ma Xian , Jiang Yuting , Cheng Shanshan , Yue Sijun , Su Jianyu
Published: September 2023

Streptomyces fradiae sf106 is a type of actinomycete that can produce abundant secondary metabolites, making it a natural cell factory for drug synthesis. In order to comprehensively understand the genomic profile of Streptomyces fradiae sf106 and its potential for producing secondary metabolites, a combination of several methods was used to perform whole-genome sequencing of sf106. The results showed that sf106 is most closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis S187; the average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity of sf106 and S187 were more than 96%. The genome size of sf106 is approximately 7300 kb, the GC content is greater than 72%, and more than 6700 coding sequences (CDS) were identified. Analysis of mobile genetic elements revealed the presence of a large number of horizontally transferred genes in Streptomyces fradiae sf106, which contribute to microbial diversity. Through antiSMASH prediction, 22 secondary metabolite gene clusters were obtained, which had great potential to generate polyketide metabolites. By examining the data, it was found that the genes contained in cluster 9 were similar to those involved in tylosin synthesis. Non-targeted metabolome sequencing revealed that a total of 1855 identifiable metabolites were produced in the fermentation broth, and the majority of metabolites showed highly significant differences in mean relative abundance between the groups. The identified metabolites were compared against the KEGG compound database to obtain metabolite classifications, mainly including Biological Roles, Phytochemical Compounds, Lipids, and Pesticides. One-way ANOVA indicated that the relative concentration of tylosin differed significantly across all the growth periods, except for the late-logarithmic and stabilization stages. This study provides important basic information on the secondary metabolite research of sf106, which will help us to understand and apply Streptomyces fradiae sf106 more comprehensively.
Acquisition, Characterization, and Optimization of Distilled Bioethanol Generated from Fermented Carrot (Daucus carota) Residues
Authors: Palacios-Velásquez Abraham , Quispe-Coquil Violeta , Casimiro-Soriano Enzo Martín , Tapia-Zarate Karla Milagros , Huamán-De la Cruz Alex Rubén
Published: September 2023

Bioethanol is a liquid biofuel produced from the digestion of biomass and usable waste of organic origin. The objective of this research was to obtain bioethanol from carrot (Daucus carota) residues of the Peruvian Chantenay variety, with a high content of lignocellulosic substances. The in-batch process method of enzymatic hydrolysis, with Aspergillus niger amyloglucosidase, and fermentation, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, was applied. The ferment was steam distilled and chemically characterized. The process was evaluated by controlling pH and enzyme/yeast mass ratio through the response surface optimization. The optimum conditions for the best values of TSS and % ethanol content for the distilled product were a time of 300 min, yeast/enzyme mass ratio of 24.0, and pH of 4.98. The results showed a significant decrease in sugars in the hydrolysis and fermentation stages, optimum alcohol content in the distilled product of 92.48% (v/v), lower organic compound content, and net calorific value of 23.82 MJ/kg, which is higher than those reported in the literature.
Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Micro-Organisms Regulate the Pancreatic FFA2-Akt/PI3K Signaling Pathway in a Diabetic Rat Model Affected by Pumpkin Oligosaccharides
Authors: Liu Guimei , Yu Bin , Li Jianpeng , Zhang Zheng , Tao Haiteng , Zhao Haibo , Lu Yanmin , Yuan Chao , Li Quanhong , Cui Bo
Published: September 2023

Herein, we applied the Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing platform to amplify the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene of the gut microbiota (GM) and a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer to detect the metabolites after supplementation with pumpkin oligosaccharides (POSs) to determine the metabolic markers and mechanisms in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The POSs alleviated glucolipid metabolism by decreasing the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels. These responses were supported by a shift in the gut microbiota, especially in the butyric-acid-producing communities. Meanwhile, elevated total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), isovaleric acid, and butyric acid levels were observed after supplementation with POSs. Additionally, this work demonstrated that supplementation with POSs could reduce TNF-α and IL-6 secretion via the FFA2-Akt/PI3K pathway in the pancreas. These results suggested that POSs alleviated T2D by changing the SCFA-producing gut microbiota and SCFA receptor pathways.
A New Strategy for Consumption of Functional Lipids from Ericerus pela (Chavannes): Study on Microcapsules and Effervescent Tablets Containing Insect Wax–Derived Policosanol
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Zhang Hong , Xu Juan , He Rui , Ma Jinju , Chen Chiqing , Liu Lanxiang
Published: September 2023

In this study, we addressed various challenges associated with the consumption of functional lipids from the Ericerus pela (Chavannes), including unfavorable taste, insolubility in water, difficulty in oral intake, low bioavailability, and low psychological acceptance. Our study focused on the microencapsulation of policosanol, the key active component of insect wax, which is a mixture of functional lipids secreted by the Ericerus pela (Chavannes). We developed two innovative policosanol products, microcapsules, and effervescent tablets, and optimized their preparation conditions. We successfully prepared microcapsules containing insect wax–derived policosanol using the spray-drying method. We achieved 92.09% microencapsulation efficiency and 61.67% powder yield under the following conditions: maltodextrin, starch sodium octenyl succinate, and (2-hydroxy)propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) at a ratio of 1:1:1, core-to-wall materials at a ratio of 1:10, 15% solid content, spray dryer feed temperature at 60 °C, inlet air temperature at 140 °C, and hot-air flow rate at 0.5 m3/min. The microcapsules exhibited a regular spherical shape with a minimal water content (1.82%) and rapid dispersion in water (within 143.5 s). These microcapsules released policosanol rapidly in simulated stomach fluid. Moreover, effervescent tablets were prepared using the policosanol-containing microcapsules. The tablets showed low friability (0.32%), quick disintegration in water (within 99.5 s), and high bubble volume. The microcapsules and effervescent tablets developed in this study presented effective solutions to the insolubility of policosanol in water. These products were portable and offered customizable tastes to address the psychological discomfort related to insect-based foods, thus providing a novel strategy for the consumption and secondary processing of insect lipids.
On Certain Inequalities for Several Kinds of Strongly Convex Functions for q-h-Integrals
Authors: Farid Ghulam , Akram Wajida , Tawfiq Ferdous , Ro Jong-Suk , Tchier Fairouz , Zainab Saira
Published: September 2023

This article investigates inequalities for certain types of strongly convex functions by applying q-h-integrals. These inequalities provide the refinements of some well-known results that hold for (α,m)- and (ℏ-m)-convex and related functions. Inequalities for q-integrals are deducible by vanishing the parameter h. Some particular cases are discussed after proving the main results.
Correlation between Convolution Kernel Function and Error Function of Bone Fractal Operators
Authors: Jian Zhimo , Peng Gang , Li Dongan , Yu Xiaobin , Yin Yajun
Published: September 2023

This article studies the convolutional kernel function of fractal operators in bone fibers. On the basis of the micro-nano composite structure of compact bone, we abstracted the physical fractal space of bone fibers and derived the fractal operators. The article aims to construct the convolutional analytical expression of bone fractal operators and proves that the error function is the core component of the convolution kernel function in the fractal operators. In other words, bone mechanics is the fractional mechanics controlled by error function.
Cryptocurrency Price Prediction Using Frequency Decomposition and Deep Learning
Authors: Jin Chuantai , Li Yong
Published: September 2023

Given the substantial volatility and non-stationarity of cryptocurrency prices, forecasting them has become a complex task within the realm of financial time series analysis. This study introduces an innovative hybrid prediction model, VMD-AGRU-RESVMD-LSTM, which amalgamates the disintegration–integration framework with deep learning techniques for accurate cryptocurrency price prediction. The process begins by decomposing the cryptocurrency price series into a finite number of subseries, each characterized by relatively simple volatility patterns, using the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method. Next, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network, in combination with an attention mechanism, predicts each modal component’s sequence separately. Additionally, the residual sequence, obtained after decomposition, undergoes further decomposition. The resultant residual sequence components serve as input to an attentive GRU (AGRU) network, which predicts the residual sequence’s future values. Ultimately, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network integrates the predictions of modal components and residuals to yield the final forecasted price. Empirical results obtained for daily Bitcoin and Ethereum data exhibit promising performance metrics. The root mean square error (RMSE) is reported as 50.651 and 2.873, the mean absolute error (MAE) stands at 42.298 and 2.410, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is recorded at 0.394% and 0.757%, respectively. Notably, the predictive outcomes of the VMD-AGRU-RESVMD-LSTM model surpass those of standalone LSTM and GRU models, as well as other hybrid models, confirming its superior performance in cryptocurrency price forecasting.
Game Theoretic Foundations of the Gately Power Measure for Directed Networks
Authors: Gilles Robert P. , Mallozzi Lina
Published: September 2023

We introduce a new network centrality measure founded on the Gately value for cooperative games with transferable utilities. A directed network is interpreted as representing control or authority relations between players—constituting a hierarchical network. The power distribution embedded within a hierarchical network can be represented through appropriate TU-games. We investigate the properties of these TU-representations and investigate the Gately value of the TU-representation resulting in the Gately power measure. We establish when the Gately measure is a core power gauge, investigate the relationship of the Gately with the β-measure, and construct an axiomatisation of the Gately measure.
Degradation Kinetics of Disulfide Cross-Linked Microgels: Real-Time Monitoring by Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Mercer Iris G. , Italiano Angelina N. , Gazaryan Irina G. , Steiner Aaron B. , Kazakov Sergey V.
Published: September 2023

Although biodegradable microgels represent a useful drug delivery system, questions remain regarding the kinetics of gel degradation and subsequent drug release. Spherical microgels (~Ø10–300 µm) were synthesized using an inverse suspension polymerization method. Specifically, acrylamide and acrylonitrile monomers were thermally co-polymerized with N,N’-bis(acryloyl)cystamine as a cross-linker with disulfide bridges. The kinetics and mechanism of degradation of these cross-linked, degradable, fluorescently labeled microgels (PAAm-AN-BAC-FA) were quantitatively studied under confocal microscopy at various concentrations of glutathione (reducing agent) ranging from 0.06 to 91.8 mM. It was found that polymer network degradation via the cleavage of disulfide bonds was accompanied by two overlapping processes: diffusion-driven swelling and dissolution-driven erosion. A slow increase in microgel size (swelling) resulted from partial de-cross-linking in the bulk of the microgel, whereas a faster decrease in fluorescence intensity (erosion) resulted from the complete cleavage of disulfide bonds and the release of uncleaved polymeric chains from the microgel immediate surface into the solution. Swelling and erosion exhibited distinct kinetics and characteristic times. Importantly, the dependence of kinetics on glutathione concentration for both swelling and erosion suggests that degradation would occur faster in cancer cells (higher concentration of reductants) than in normal cells (lower concentration of reductants), such that drug release profiles would be correspondingly different. A greater comprehension of microgel degradation kinetics would help in (i) predicting the drug release profiles for novel multifunctional drug delivery systems and (ii) using redox-sensitive degradable hydrogel particles to determine the concentrations of reducing agents either in vitro or in vivo.
Development of an Emulsion Gel Containing Peanut Sprout Oil as a Fat Replacer in Muffins: Physicochemical, Tomographic, and Texture Properties
Authors: Jeong Hyunjin , Huh Chang-Ki , Ha Ho-Kyung , Kim Jungsil , Oh Imkyung
Published: September 2023

Peanut sprouts are known to increase their resveratrol content during germination, leading to cultivation in smart farms. Recently, peanut sprout oil extraction and sales have gained traction; however, processed foods utilizing peanut sprout oil have yet to be developed. In this study, water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion gels were structured with water, peanut sprout oil (PSO), sorbitan monostearate (SMS), and candelilla wax (CW) in different ratios, and their potential as shortening substitutes in muffins was evaluated on physicochemical and sensory properties. PSO comprised 67% unsaturated fatty acids and had higher phospholipid (17.97%) and resveratrol (15.95 µg/L) contents and antioxidant activity (71.52%) compared to peanut oil. The PSO emulsion gels were physically structured without changing their chemical compositions. The SMS and CW ratios were found to have a significant influence on the textural properties, solid fat content, rheology, and crystallization of the emulsion gels. The viscoelastic properties of the emulsion gels showed a higher storage modulus than loss modulus and increased with increasing gelator content. Muffins prepared with emulsion gels were characterized by a harder texture and larger pore size, while in the case of muffins mixed with a ratio of 25% SMS and 75% CW, there was no significant difference in overall preference of sensory evaluation compared to shortening muffins. Thus, these findings reveal the potential utility of PSO as a fat substitute and indicate that W/O emulsion gels are suitable for producing muffins without a loss of quality.
Colonisation and the Genesis and Perpetuation of Anti-Blackness Violence in South Africa
Authors: Maistry Suriamurthee Moonsamy
Published: September 2023

The narrative of the colonisation of South Africa that prevailed and continues to prevail in certain segments of contemporary South African society is that of the white coloniser as an industrious, noble, peaceful and innocent being, divinely tasked with the project of bringing civilisation to the country’s indigenous Black tribal people—people bereft of religion, cognitive competence and incapable of responsible land ownership. In this article, I reflect on the genesis of anti-Blackness over three and a half centuries and argue that despite Black resistance over this period, the systematic orchestration of anti-Blackness through repressive violence, constantly morphing policy legislation and relentless propaganda machinery has imprinted on the psyche of South Africans in particular ways. Black academe in South Africa has been systematically frustrated with Western Eurocentric epistemologies and ontologies and struggle to engage in any substantive epistemological or ontological delinking. Inspiration from decolonial theory is invoked to offer an analysis of the paralysis of the new Black political, economic and academic elite, as they occupy a zone of being co-opted into the stranglehold of white economic and cultural hegemony.
Prevalence and Trends of Slow Gait Speed in the United States
Authors: Stover Emily , Andrew Sarah , Batesole Joshua , Berntson Maren , Carling Chloe , FitzSimmons Samantha , Hoang Tyler , Nauer Joseph , McGrath Ryan
Published: September 2023

Gait speed is a simple, effective indicator of age-related disease and disability. We sought to examine the prevalence and trends of slow gait speed in older Americans. Our unweighted analytic sample included 12,427 adults aged ≥ 65 years from the 2006–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Gait speed was measured in participant residences. Persons with gait speed < 0.8 or <0.6 m/s were slow. Sample weights were used to generate nationally representative estimates. The overall estimated prevalence of slow gait speed with the <0.8 m/s cut-point was 48.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47.4–49.8) in the 2006–2008 waves yet was 45.7% (CI: 44.3–47.1) in the 2014–2016 waves, but this downward trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The estimated prevalence of slowness with the <0.6 m/s cut-point was 21.3% (CI: 20.4–22.3) for the 2006–2008 waves, 18.5% (CI: 17.5–19.4) for the 2010–2012 waves, and 19.2% (CI: 18.2–20.2) for the 2014–2016 waves, but there were again no significant trends (p = 0.61). Our findings showed that the estimated prevalence of slow gait speed in older Americans is pronounced, and different cut-points largely inform how slowness is categorized. Continued surveillance of slowness over time will help guide screening for disablement and identify sub-populations at greatest risk for targeted interventions.
Exploring the Impact of Age of Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment on the Profile of Cognitive and Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Moustaka Kleio , Nega Chrysanthi , Beratis Ion N.
Published: September 2023

The present study aims to explore the differences in the manifestation of cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms across the different ages of MCI onset: early onset (EOMCI: <65 years old), middle onset (MOMCI: 65–75 years old), and late onset (LOMCI: >75 years old). It was hypothesized that individuals with EOMCI will preserve their cognitive functions to a greater extent as compared to individuals with LOMCI, even after adjusting the cognitive performance for age and education through the use of published Greek norms. The level of cognitive decline concerning MOMCI was evaluated for extracting more precise conclusions regarding the impact of the age of onset on the patterns of MCI symptomatology. The analyses of data were conducted in a Greek population of individuals with MCI, who were consecutive visitors of the Outpatient Memory Clinic of Nestor Alzheimer’s Centre in Athens, Greece. The sample consisted of 297 participants who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: MCI diagnosis based on Petersen’s criteria, Greek mother language, and absence of a psychiatric history or chronic and incurable organic disease. The overall results support the presence of a cognitive advantage of the EOMCI group compared to the LOMCI group. In the MOMCI group, cognitive performance displayed a tendency to remain intermediate compared to the other two groups. Nonetheless, significant differences were observed when this group was compared with the LOMCI group. The current findings indicate that the age of onset should be taken under consideration in the neuropsychological assessment of individuals with MCI. The specific parameters could have implications in terms of prognosis as well as the design and implementation of tailored interventions.
Do Emotion Regulation Strategies Mediate the Relationship of Parental Emotion Socialization with Adolescent and Emerging Adult Psychological Distress?
Authors: Bujor Liliana , Turliuc Maria Nicoleta
Published: September 2023

A child’s ability to cope with stress is shaped by experiences in a parent–child relationship. In this study, the direct effect of a parent’s response to anger and happiness in childhood on adolescents’ and emerging adults’ psychological distress and the indirect effect through the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies—specifically, cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression—were measured. To achieve our research aim, we tested four parallel mediation models using the bootstrapping method. A group of 497 participants aged between 14 and 35 years (M = 18.62; SD = 3.32), 66% female (n = 332) and 34% male (n = 165), completed a questionnaire comprising self-reporting measures. The results indicate direct effects between emotion socialization and distress for seven independent variables. The mother’s and father’s positive responses to anger and happiness are significant negative predictors of distress; the negative responses of both parents to happiness, and the mother’s negative response to anger—but not the father’s—are significant positive predictors of distress. The findings also provide support for the mediating role of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal for the mother’s positive response to both anger and happiness, as well as for the mother’s negative response to the child’s expression of happiness. None of the father’s responses—positive or negative, in relation to anger or happiness—are mediated by emotion regulation strategies in relation to distress. Our findings have practical implication for a preventative intervention program focused on the psychological growth of adolescents by adaptative emotional responses.
Responsiveness and Minimal Important Change of the Arabic Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) in Patients with Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Alnahdi Ali H.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the responsiveness of the Arabic Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and to quantify its minimal important change (MIC) for improvement. People with upper extremity musculoskeletal problems who were receiving physical therapy were evaluated at baseline and again during a follow-up appointment, with a median time frame of 7 days between the two testing sessions (range of 6 to 72 days). The participants completed the Arabic DASH, Global Assessment of Function (GAF), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Global Rating of Change Scale (GRC). The responsiveness of the Arabic DASH was assessed by examining the pre-specified hypotheses. The MIC for improvement was determined using the receiver operating characteristic method (MICROC) and the predictive modeling method (MICpred). As hypothesized, a change in the Arabic DASH demonstrated a significant positive correlation with changes in the GAF (r = 0.69), NPRS (r = 0.68) and GRC (r = 0.73). Consistent with our hypotheses, the DASH change scores could be used to differentiate between participants who improved and those who did not improve (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.87), and they showed a large magnitude of change (effect size = 1.53, standardized response mean = 1.42) in patients who improved. All the hypotheses specified a priori were supported by the results. The Arabic DASH MICROC and MICpred were estimated to be 14.22 and 14.85. The interaction between the DASH change and baseline score was not a significant predictor of status (improved vs. not improved) (p = 0.75), indicating that the DASH MIC was not baseline-dependent. The Arabic DASH demonstrated sufficient responsiveness, supporting the idea that the Arabic DASH is capable of detecting changes in upper extremity function over time. The value of the Arabic DASH MIC was similar when estimated using the predictive modeling and ROC methods, and the MIC was not dependent on baseline status.
Characterization of the Stone Masonries and Evaluation of the Environmental Impact in Panamá Viejo: A Contribution for the Conservation of the Monumental Complex
Authors: Ciantelli Chiara , Arroyo Duarte Silvia I. , Vaccaro Carmela , Bonazza Alessandra
Published: September 2023

A fundamental step in the best preservation of heritage materials is investigating their chemical and physical characteristics, and understanding how they interact with the surrounding environment. For this reason, the stone masonry of the monumental UNESCO site of Panamá Viejo was subjected to a thorough study to characterize the materials and evaluate their state of conservation. Additionally, potential outcrops were explored in order to identify sites for the supply of raw materials. The methodological approach encompassed mineralogical-petrographic investigations using stereomicroscopy, polarized light microscopy (PLM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (ESEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results revealed that the masonries primarily consists of polygenic breccia, basaltic andesite, rhyodacite, tuffite, and rhyolite. In addition, at the potential quarries, breccia and basaltic andesite were identified. The porous structure was studied using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Possible issues due to salt dissolution/crystallization cycles were considered. Consequently, ion chromatography (IC) was conducted on samples exhibiting alteration patinas to study the presence of soluble salts. In assessing the state of conservation, prevalent forms of deterioration included biological colonization, detachments, material loss, potential salt weathering, and chromatic alteration. In conclusion, the outcomes of this work provide a valuable resource for the current and future preservation of this site.
Mathematics Teacher Educators’ Practices to Support Teachers in the Design of Mathematical Tasks
Authors: Ratnayake Iresha Gayani , Taranto Eugenia
Published: September 2023

Since teachers have the greatest impact on student learning, it is crucial to consider how professional development programs (PDP) for teachers can enhance their contribution, especially in designing mathematical tasks for teaching. This paper focuses on identifying patterns of practices of mathematics teacher educators related to crucial aspects of two teacher PDPs: one conducted face-to-face and the other using a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). The Meta-Didactical Transposition is employed as the theoretical framework for comparing the two PDPs and for identifying patterns of practices. The findings suggest that educators, both in face-to-face and online settings, consider certain practices to guide teachers in designing mathematical tasks. This paper aims to share experiences of good practices that can be implemented by other researchers seeking to guide teachers in task design, either alone or in small groups.
Differences in the Effects of Work Environment on Health Problems and Satisfaction of Working Condition by Gender: The 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Authors: Hyeseon Chae , Sooin Park , Insoo Kim , Myungsun Ko
Published: September 2023

This study investigated gender differences in exposure to hazardous factors, health problems, and work environment satisfaction and identified the effects of such differences on farmworkers in Korea. Through the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI), the raw data on 2347 farmworkers were analyzed to present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to hazardous factors, health problems, and work environment satisfaction. We compared genders using chi-squared tests and investigated the effects of gender-specific working conditions on work-related health problems and work environment satisfaction using multivariate logistic analysis. The results were presented as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Job position predicted work-related health problems in male farmworkers and work environment satisfaction in female farmworkers. Furthermore, female farmworkers perceived themselves to have more health problems than male farmworkers. Nevertheless, female farmworkers received less health and safety information and had lower work environment satisfaction compared to male farmworkers. The findings may improve the occupational welfare of farmworkers through continuous enhancement of the agricultural labor environment.
Subcellular Effectors of Cocaine Cardiotoxicity: All Roads Lead to Mitochondria—A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Peruch Michela , Giacomello Emiliana , Radaelli Davide , Concato Monica , Addobbati Riccardo , Fluca Alessandra Lucia , Aleksova Aneta , D’Errico Stefano
Published: September 2023

Cocaine abuse is a serious public health problem as this drug exerts a plethora of functional and histopathological changes that potentially lead to death. Cocaine causes complex multiorgan toxicity, including in the heart where the blockade of the sodium channels causes increased catecholamine levels and alteration in calcium homeostasis, thus inducing an increased oxygen demand. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that mitochondria alterations play a crucial role in the development of cocaine cardiotoxicity. We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) scheme to evaluate the mitochondrial mechanisms determining cocaine cardiotoxicity. Among the initial 106 articles from the Pubmed database and the 17 articles identified through citation searching, 14 final relevant studies were extensively reviewed. Thirteen articles included animal models and reported the alteration of specific mitochondria-dependent mechanisms such as reduced energy production, imbalance of membrane potential, increased oxidative stress, and promotion of apoptosis. However, only one study evaluated human cocaine overdose samples and observed the role of cocaine in oxidative stress and the induction of apoptosis though mitochondria. Understanding the complex processes mediated by mitochondria through forensic analysis and experimental models is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets to mitigate or reverse cocaine cardiotoxicity in humans.
Combination of Kaempferol and Docetaxel Induces Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhou Qian , Fang Gang , Pang Yuzhou , Wang Xueni
Published: September 2023

Docetaxel is a first-line chemotherapy drug used to treat advanced prostate cancer, but patients who have used it often face the challenges of drug resistance and side effects. Kaempferol is a naturally occurring flavonol; our previous studies have confirmed that it has excellent anti-prostate activity. To investigate the anti-prostate cancer effects of docetaxel in combination with kaempferol, we conducted experiments at the cellular and whole-animal level. Plate cloning assays showed that the combination of docetaxel and kaempferol had a synergistic effect in inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The combination of these two compounds was found to induce autophagy in prostate cancer cells via transmission electron microscopy, and changes in the expression of autophagy-related proteins via Western blot assays also confirmed the occurrence of autophagy at the molecular level. We also confirmed the anti-prostate cancer effect of docetaxel in combination with kaempferol in vivo by establishing a mouse xenograft prostate cancer model. Autophagy-related proteins were also examined in mouse tumor tissues and verified the presence of autophagy in mouse tumor tissues. The above cellular and animal data suggest that docetaxel in combination with kaempferol has significant anti-prostate cancer effects and that it works by inducing autophagy in cells.
Lupus Nephritis Risk Factors and Biomarkers: An Update
Authors: Renaudineau Yves , Brooks Wesley , Belliere Julie
Published: September 2023

Lupus nephritis (LN) represents the most severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in terms of morbidity and mortality. To reduce these risks, tremendous efforts have been made in the last decade to characterize the different steps of the disease and to develop biomarkers in order to better (i) unravel the pre-SLE stage (e.g., anti-nuclear antibodies and interferon signature); (ii) more timely initiation of therapy by improving early and accurate LN diagnosis (e.g., pathologic classification was revised); (iii) monitor disease activity and therapeutic response (e.g., recommendation to re-biopsy, new urinary biomarkers); (iv) prevent disease flares (e.g., serologic and urinary biomarkers); (v) mitigate the deterioration in the renal function; and (vi) reduce side effects with new therapeutic guidelines and novel therapies. However, progress is poor in terms of improvement with early death attributed to active SLE or infections, while later deaths are related to the chronicity of the disease and the use of toxic therapies. Consequently, an individualized treat-to-target strategy is mandatory, and for that, there is an unmet need to develop a set of accurate biomarkers to be used as the standard of care and adapted to each stage of the disease.
The Regulatory Effect of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 on CaMKIIδ in TAC-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy
Authors: Qian Jianan , Zhang Jingjing , Cao Ji , Wang Xue , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiangfan
Published: September 2023

Necroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism of cell death, and its key regulatory role is attributed to the interaction of receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) RIPK1 and RIPK3. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) is a newly discovered RIPK3 substrate, and its alternative splicing plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of necroptosis and alternative splicing of CaMKIIδ in myocardial hypertrophy. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on wild-type and knockout mice to establish the model of myocardial hypertrophy. After 3 weeks, echocardiography, cardiac index, cross-sectional area of myocardial cells, hypertrophic gene expression, myocardial damage, and fibers were assessed. Moreover, we detected the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and examined the expressions of necroptosis-related proteins RIPK3, RIPK1, and phosphorylated MLKL. Meanwhile, we tested the expression levels of splicing factors ASF/SF2 and SC-35 in an attempt to explore CaMKII δ. The relationship between variable splicing disorder and the expression levels of splicing factors ASF/SF2 and SC-35. Further, we also investigated CaMKII activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. In addition, wild-type mice were administered with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying RIPK3, followed by TAC surgery to construct a model of myocardial hypertrophy, and the above-mentioned indicators were tested after 3 weeks. The results showed that RIPK3 deficiency could alleviate cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury, aggravation of necrosis, and CaMKII activation induced by TAC surgery in mice with myocardial hypertrophy. Tail vein injection of AAV could reverse cardiac dysfunction, myocardial damage, aggravation of necrosis, and CaMKII activation in mice with myocardial hypertrophy. These results proved that RIPK3 could be used as a molecular intervention target for the prevention and treatment of myocardial hypertrophy.
The Function and Regulation Mechanism of Non-Coding RNAs in Muscle Development
Authors: Yang Yaling , Wu Jian , Liu Wujun , Zhao Yumin , Chen Hong
Published: September 2023

Animal skeletal muscle growth is regulated by a complex molecular network including some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). In this paper, we review the non-coding RNAs related to the growth and development of common animal skeletal muscles, aiming to provide a reference for the in-depth study of the role of ncRNAs in the development of animal skeletal muscles, and to provide new ideas for the improvement of animal production performance.
CFTR Function Restoration upon Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Treatment in Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoids with Rare CFTR Genotypes
Authors: Lefferts Juliet W. , Bierlaagh Marlou C. , Kroes Suzanne , Nieuwenhuijze Natascha D. A. , Sonneveld van Kooten Heleen N. , Niemöller Paul J. , Verburg Tibo F. , Janssens Hettie M. , Muilwijk Danya , van Beuningen Sam F. B. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Beekman Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The combination of the CFTR modulators elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor (ETI) enables the effective rescue of CFTR function in people with the most prevalent F508del mutation. However, the functional restoration of rare CFTR variants remains unclear. Here, we use patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDIOs) to identify rare CFTR variants and potentially individuals with CF that might benefit from ETI. First, steady-state lumen area (SLA) measurements were taken to assess CFTR function and compare it to the level observed in healthy controls. Secondly, the forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) assay was performed to measure CFTR rescue within a lower function range, and to further compare it to ETI-mediated CFTR rescue in CFTR genotypes that have received market approval. ETI responses in 30 PDIOs harboring the F508del mutation served as reference for ETI responses of 22 PDIOs with genotypes that are not currently eligible for CFTR modulator treatment, following European Medicine Agency (EMA) and/or U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Our data expand previous datasets showing a correlation between in vitro CFTR rescue in organoids and corresponding in vivo ppFEV1 improvement upon a CFTR modulator treatment in published clinical trials, and suggests that the majority of individuals with rare CFTR variants could benefit from ETI. CFTR restoration was further confirmed on protein levels using Western blot. Our data support that CFTR function measurements in PDIOs with rare CFTR genotypes can help to select potential responders to ETI, and suggest that regulatory authorities need to consider providing access to treatment based on the principle of equality for people with CF who do not have access to treatment.
Thrombotic Alterations under Perinatal Hypoxic Conditions: HIF and Other Hypoxic Markers
Authors: Berna-Erro Alejandro , Granados María Purificacion , Rosado Juan Antonio , Redondo Pedro Cosme
Published: September 2023

Hypoxia is considered to be a stressful physiological condition, which may occur during labor and the later stages of pregnancy as a result of, among other reasons, an aged placenta. Therefore, when gestation or labor is prolonged, low oxygen supply to the tissues may last for minutes, and newborns may present breathing problems and may require resuscitation maneuvers. As a result, poor oxygen supply to tissues and to circulating cells may last for longer periods of time, leading to life-threatening conditions. In contrast to the well-known platelet activation that occurs after reperfusion of the tissues due to an ischemia/reperfusion episode, platelet alterations in response to reduced oxygen exposition following labor have been less frequently investigated. Newborns overcome temporal hypoxic conditions by changing their organ functions or by adaptation of the intracellular molecular pathways. In the present review, we aim to analyze the main platelet modifications that appear at the protein level during hypoxia in order to highlight new platelet markers linked to complications arising from temporal hypoxic conditions during labor. Thus, we demonstrate that hypoxia modifies the expression and activity of hypoxic-response proteins (HRPs), including hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1), endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (Ero1), and carbonic anhydrase (CIX). Finally, we provide updates on research related to the regulation of platelet function due to HRP activation, as well as the role of HRPs in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
Characteristics and Comparative Analysis of Seven Complete Plastomes of Trichoglottis s.l. (Aeridinae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Yuan , Zeng Meng-Yao , Gao Xuyong , Zhao Zhuang , Li Ruyi , Wu Yuhan , Liu Zhong-Jian , Zhang Diyang , Li Ming-He
Published: September 2023

Trichoglottis exhibits a range of rich variations in colors and shapes of flower and is a valuable ornamental orchid genus. The genus Trichoglottis has been expanded by the inclusion of Staurochilus, but this Trichoglottis sensu lato (s.l.) was recovered as a non-monophyletic genus based on molecular sequences from one or a few DNA regions. Here, we present phylogenomic data sets, incorporating complete plastome sequences from seven species (including five species sequenced in this study) of Trichoglottis s.l. (including two species formerly treated as Staurochilus), to compare plastome structure and to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this genus. The seven plastomes possessed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperms and ranged from 149,402 bp to 149,841 bp with a GC content of 36.6–36.7%. These plastomes contain 120 genes, which comprise 74 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, all ndh genes were pseudogenized or lost. A total of 98 (T. philippinensis) to 134 (T. ionosma) SSRs and 33 (T. subviolacea) to 46 (T. ionosma) long repeats were detected. The consistent and robust phylogenetic relationships of Trichoglottis were established using a total of 25 plastid genomes from the Aeridinae subtribe. The genus Trichoglottis s.l. was strongly supported as a monophyletic group, and two species formerly treated as Staurochilus were revealed as successively basal lineages. In addition, five mutational hotspots (trnNGUU-rpl32, trnLUAA, trnSGCU-trnGUCC, rbcL-accD, and trnTGGU-psbD) were identified based on the ranking of PI values. Our research indicates that plastome data is a valuable source for molecular identification and evolutionary studies of Trichoglottis and its related genera.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Exploratory Nuclear Receptor Crosstalk in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Burgermeister Elke
Published: September 2023

The three major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK/SAPK) are upstream regulators of the nuclear receptor superfamily (NRSF). These ligand-activated transcription factors are divided into subclasses comprising receptors for endocrine hormones, metabolic compounds (e.g., vitamins, diet), xenobiotics, and mediators released from host immune reactions such as tissue injury and inflammation. These internal and external cues place the NRSF at the frontline as sensors and translators of information from the environment towards the genome. For most of the former “orphan” receptors, physiological and synthetic ligands have been identified, opening intriguing opportunities for combination therapies with existing cancer medications. Hitherto, only preclinical data are available, warranting further validation in clinical trials in patients. The current review summarized the existing literature covering the expression and function of NRSF subclasses in human solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies and their modulatory effects on innate (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells) and adaptive (i.e., T cell subsets) immune cells, encouraging mechanistic and pharmacological studies in combination with current clinically approved therapeutics against immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., PD1).