bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic sporadic paraganglioma with EWSR1::CREM gene fusion: A unique molecular profile that expands the phenotypic diversity of the molecular landscape of the EWSR1::CREM gene fusion positive tumors
Authors: Javaid Sehrish , Patton Ashley , Tinoco Gabriel , Oghumu Steve , Iwenofu Obiajulu Hans
Published: September 2022

Chromosomal translocations with gene fusions are uniquely rare events in paraganglioma, mostly involving UBTF::MAML3 gene fusion. Precedent literature suggests that tumors involving MAML3 gene fusion correlate with poor clinical outcomes. Herein, we report a case of metastatic sporadic paraganglioma harboring EWSR1::CREM gene fusion in a 36‐year‐old male, that has not been previously described. The patient presented with large paraspinal mass that was resected the same year. Tumor recurred 3‐years later and on further work‐up, patient was found to have metastases involving both lungs. Histopathologic evaluation of the original primary tumor showed tightly packed irregular nests and cords of cells containing palely eosinophilic cytoplasm. Features considered atypical included: areas of solid growth pattern, coagulative tumor necrosis, focal cellular atypia and angiolymphatic invasion were also identified. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin and negative for keratin. The S100 stain highlights the sustentacular cells and the Ki‐67 proliferation index of 15%. The recurrence specimen was similar but showed increased cellularity, atypia, necrosis, and proliferative activity (Ki‐67 proliferation index of 35%). CT guided biopsy of the right lung lesion was consistent with metastasis. Next generation sequencing identified EWSR1::CREM fusion. The breakpoints were found in chromosome 22: 29683123 for EWSR1 exon 7 (NM_005243.3) and at chromosome 10:35495823 for CREM exon 6 (NM_001267562.1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization for EWSR1 gene rearrangement was positive. In summary, we report a case of metastatic paraganglioma with EWSR1::CREM gene fusion, not previously described in this entity, and expands on the phenotypic diversity within the genetic landscape of EWSR1::CREM gene fusion positive tumors.
Preclinical feasibility of robot‐assisted sentinel lymph node biopsy using multi‐modality magnetic and fluorescence guidance in the head and neck
Authors: Krishnan Giri , Cousins Aidan , Pham Nguyen , Milanova Valentina , Nelson Melanie , Krishnan Shridhar , van den Berg Nynke S. , Shetty Anil , Rosenthal Eben L. , Wormald Peter‐John , Thierry Benjamin , Foreman Andrew , Krishnan Suren
Published: September 2022

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a staging procedure dependent on accurate mapping of draining lymphatics via tracers. Robot‐assisted SLNB enables access to multiple neck levels with a single incision and intraoperative fluorescence guidance to the SLN.

Methods

Lymphatic mapping in swine was done using a magnetic tracer and fluorescent dye, injected into the tongue. MRI preoperatively mapped lymphatic spread of the magnetic tracer. Dissection was performed using a da Vinci Xi robot guided by fluorescence‐imaging of the dye.

Results

Robot‐assisted SLNB was successfully performed in all animals (n = 5). A novel MRI protocol differentiated SLNs (n = 6) from lower echelon nodes (n = 11) based on flow progression. Fluorescence imaging provided valuable intraoperative guidance and correlated with magnetic‐positive nodes.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates preclinical feasibility of a robot‐assisted approach to SLNB using magnetic and fluorescent tracers in the head and neck, enabling both preoperative mapping and intraoperative guidance.
Epidemiology and treatment outcomes of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma extending to the temporal bone
Authors: Schachtel Michael J. C. , Gandhi Mitesh , Bowman James J. , Porceddu Sandro V. , Panizza Benedict J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Accurate epidemiological and outcomes data regarding cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) extending to the temporal bone is lacking.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 167 Australian patients with primary and peri‐temporal bone cSCC.

Results

cSCC extending from secondary subsites (93.4%) was 14 times more frequent than primary temporal bone SCC (6.6%). For patients who underwent curative surgery ± post‐operative radiotherapy (n = 146, 87.4%), 5‐year disease‐free survival, locoregional recurrence‐free survival, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival was 53.0%, 59.4%, 67.9%, and 44.7%, respectively. External ear and pre‐auricular tumors, salvage surgery, tumor size (≥40 mm medial‐lateral), nodal disease, and involved margins were negative predictors of survival in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

In regions of high sun exposure, cSCCs extending to the temporal bone are more common than primary cancers. Outcomes are improved with clear margins, justifying the need for radical resection. Further research regarding pre‐auricular cancers is required given poorer associated survival outcomes.
Risk stratification and early detection biomarkers for precision HCC screening
Authors: Lee Yi‐Te , Fujiwara Naoto , Yang Ju Dong , Hoshida Yujin
Published: September 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality remains high primarily due to late diagnosis as a consequence of failed early detection. Professional societies recommend semi‐annual HCC screening in at‐risk patients with chronic liver disease to increase the likelihood of curative treatment receipt and improve survival. However, recent dynamic shift of HCC etiologies from viral to metabolic liver diseases has significantly increased the potential target population for the screening, whereas annual incidence rate has become substantially lower. Thus, with the contemporary HCC etiologies, the traditional screening approach might not be practical and cost‐effective. HCC screening consists of (i) definition of rational at‐risk population, and subsequent (ii) repeated application of early detection tests to the population at regular intervals. The suboptimal performance of the currently available HCC screening tests highlights an urgent need for new modalities and strategies to improve early HCC detection. In this review, we overview recent developments of clinical, molecular, and imaging‐based tools to address the current challenge, and discuss conceptual framework and approaches of their clinical translation and implementation. These encouraging progresses are expected to transform the current “one‐size‐fits‐all” HCC screening into individualized precision approaches to early HCC detection and ultimately improve the poor HCC prognosis in the foreseeable future.
Emerging role of oncogenic long noncoding RNA as cancer biomarkers
Authors: Aprile Marianna , Costa Valerio , Cimmino Amelia , Calin George Adrian
Published: September 2022

The view of long noncoding RNAs as nonfunctional “garbage” has been definitely outdated by the large body of evidence indicating this class of ncRNAs as “golden junk”, especially in precision oncology. Indeed, in light of their oncogenic role and the higher expression in multiple cancer types compared with paired adjacent tissues, the clinical interest for lncRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers has been rapidly increasing. The emergence of large‐scale sequencing technologies, their subsequent diffusion even in small research and clinical centers, the technological advances for the detection of low‐copy lncRNAs in body fluids, coupled to the huge reduction of operating costs, have nowadays made possible to rapidly and comprehensively profile them in multiple tumors and large cohorts. In this review, we first summarize some relevant data about the oncogenic role of well‐studied lncRNAs having a clinical relevance. Then, we focus on the description of their potential use as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, including an updated overview about licensed patents or clinical trials on lncRNAs in oncology.
Approach to urethral obstruction in cats. Part 1: presentation and stabilisation
Authors: Breheny Craig , Blacklock Kelly Bowlt , Gunn‐Moore Danièlle
Published: September 2022

Background:Urethral obstruction is one of the most commonly encountered emergencies in feline medicine, with a wide range of clinical signs, from dysuria to peri‐arrest. Such patients are some of the most challenging cases in feline medicine with several factors to consider; however, they can be equally rewarding.

Aim of the article:This is the first article in a three‐part series. The aim of this article is to summarise a stepwise approach from presentation through to diagnosis of urethral obstruction. The second article will focus on urethral catheterisation, and immediate postcatheterisation management, while the third will focus on home management to prevent recurrent obstruction, and on addressing underlying feline idiopathic cystitis.
Embracing clinical ethics support services in the UK veterinary profession
Authors: Gibson Julie , Quain Anne
Published: September 2022

Veterinary practitioners commonly encounter ethically challenging situations (ECSs). Not only do ECSs raise questions about how to best safeguard patient welfare, they can also be emotionally challenging for those involved. In recognition of the far‐reaching consequences of ECSs, human healthcare has embraced the use of clinical ethics support services (CESS). In this article, we discuss the use of CESS in human healthcare, why it matters for the veterinary profession and how CESS could be practically applied in a veterinary context.
Thyroid Dysfunction in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Lanlan , Yang Fan , Lin Guofu , Chen Xiangqi
Published: September 2022

Immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been established as the cornerstone for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, while thyroid adverse events (AEs) associated with ICIs have not been systematically documented. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of ICI applications on the thyroid of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase for eligible randomized controlled trials up to December 2021. Clinical trials reporting thyroid AEs including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis were enrolled. The I2 statistic was also calculated to quantify the heterogeneity. Data were evaluated as risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95%CIs. A total of 10 randomized clinical trials involving 6154 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. ICI application was found to have a statistically significant higher risk of all grade hypothyroidism (RR, 7.03; P < 0.0001), hyperthyroidism (RR, 4.88; P < 0.0001), and thyroiditis (RR, 6.58; P = 0.0014) compared with the chemotherapy group. Moreover, we demonstrated that second‐line therapy significantly increased the risk of all‐grade hypothyroidism (RR, 7.03 [95%CI, 4.69–10.55]) and hyperthyroidism (RR, 4.88 [95%CI, 3.11–7.65]). Our meta‐analysis manifested that regimens with ICIs may significantly increase all grades of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis. ICIs may induce the occurrence and exacerbation of endocrine AEs compared with chemotherapy.
Formation of anti‐Bredt‐type azabicyclo[4.2.0]octene frameworks through photochemical intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition between indole and a distal double bond of allene
Authors: Arai Noriyoshi
Published: September 2022

Irradiation of 1‐(penta‐3,4‐dienoyl)indole derivatives in the presence of an aromatic ketone by a high‐pressure mercury lamp through Pyrex glass gave two types of cyclized products stereoselectively in high combined yields. The major product was a tetracyclic indoline derivative containing anti‐Bredt‐type azabicyclo[4.2.0]octene moiety produced via photo [2+2] cycloaddition between indole and a distal double bond of allene, accompanied by a small amount of proximal [2+2] adduct. Among a range of aromatic ketones screened, 3′,4′‐methylenedioxyacetophenone was found to sensitize the substrate most effectively.
Investigation of Ultrasound Parameters for the Differential Diagnosis of Malignant and Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Jin Zhenzhen , Zhao Kaiping , Guo Wen , Wang Dandan , Deng Yukun , Chen Tao
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The objectives were to identify the key features of malignant and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) and determine a strategy for differentiating them using sonography.

Methods

Forty‐six malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and 83 benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNSTs) confirmed by pathology from April 2010 to July 2021 were included. The general data and grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonic manifestations were compared between the two groups. We used single factor, multifactor, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to extract significant malignant risk factors and then established a scoring system with these factors.

Results

The significant variables identified in univariate analysis (P < .05) were maximum diameter, location, shape, boundary, encapsulation, echogenicity, texture pattern, calcification, entering or exiting nerve, and vascularity. Shape, boundary and vascularity were significant risk factors, and a scoring system was established. The area under the ROC curve (0.925) confirmed the usefulness of the scoring system for differentiating MPNSTs and BPNSTs.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography is an effective method for differentiating MPNSTs from BPNSTs.
Climate, habitat interactions, and mule deer resource selection on winter landscapes
Authors: Anton Colby B. , DeCesare Nicholas J. , Peterson Collin , Hayes Teagan A. , Bishop Chad J.
Published: September 2022

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are a valued game species across their range in North America. At higher latitudes mule deer inhabit the Northern Forests ecoregion, where the winter season poses challenging conditions. We studied resource selection during winter by mule deer in northwest Montana, USA, focused on the effects of snow and canopy cover on deer behavior. Specifically, we assessed the effects of land cover type, terrain characteristics, snow accumulation, percent canopy cover, solar radiation, and forage biomass on resource selection by 126 mule deer captured during 2017–2019 in 3 partially migratory subpopulations. We collected pellet samples and conducted diet analyses to assess forage species by individual and study area. Deer displayed a shift from nitrogen‐rich forbs and shrubs in summer to nutrient‐poor evergreens like conifers in winter. Deer avoided areas with deeper snow and sought more closed canopy forests for their snow‐intercept advantages. Weather and vegetative variation among and within study areas resulted in disparities in selection for attributes such as land cover. Similarly, mule deer diets varied spatiotemporally as a function of snow, with some deer favoring coniferous species in deep snow, whereas others less constrained by snow had more diverse diets with more shrub species. Additional analyses revealed annual individual survival correlated with changes in snow depth, suggesting fitness consequences as snow accumulated. These differences suggest locally adapted behaviors as mule deer reflect energetic constraints of winter landscapes.
Cochlear Implantation in Far Advanced Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kondo Mickey , Vasan Kartik , Jufas Nicholas Emmanuel , Patel Nirmal P.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate speech outcomes and facial nerve stimulation (FNS) rates in patients with far advanced otosclerosis (FAO) after cochlear implantation.

Methods

A systematic review was performed using standardized methodology of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if adults with FAO underwent cochlear implantation. Exclusion criteria included concurrent otologic history (e.g., Meniere's disease, superior canal dehiscence), non‐English‐speaking implant users, case reports, abstracts, and letters/commentaries. Bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the National Institute of Health Scale for case series. The primary outcome measure was speech discrimination and the secondary outcomes were rates of partial insertion and FNS.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies evaluated cochlear implantation in FAO. Due to the heterogeneity of testing methods, statistical pooling of speech discrimination was not feasible, but qualitative synthesis indicated a positive effect of implantation. Pooled rates of FNS were 18% (95% confidence interval, CI 12%–27%) and the rate of partial insertion was 10% (95% CI 7%–15%).

Conclusion

Cochlear implantation in FAO demonstrates significant gains in speech discrimination scores with higher rates of FNS and partial insertion. Laryngoscope, 133:1288–1296, 2023
Circulatory disturbance of the cochlear spiral modiolar artery in a type 2 diabetic mouse model
Authors: Seo Young Joon , Shim Dae Bo , Sharif Arazu , Samson Zeke , Takechi Ryu , Brown Daniel
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to identify significant differences in cochlea microvessel size between a diabetic mouse model (db/db) and normal mice using three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative analysis.

Methods

Six control heterozygote db/+ as well as 18 male B6/BKS(D)‐Leprdb/J (db/db) mice aged 14 (n = 9) and 28 (n = 9) weeks were examined. After clearing the cochlea, we reconstructed the 3D volumes of the spiral modiolar artery (SMA) in the cochlea using light‐sheet microscopy and analyzed vessel wall thickness, cross‐sectional area, short and long diameter, and vessel height.

Results

The average SMA‐wall thickness in the db/db‐mouse group (3.418 ± 0.328 μm) was greater than that in the control group (2.388 ± 0.411 μm). The average cross‐sectional outer area, short diameter, and long diameter of the SMA in db/db mice were significantly larger than those in control mice (all p < 0.001). The cross‐sectional areas increased with age (control: 221.782 ± 121.230 μm, 14 weeks; 294.378 ± 151.008 μm, and 28 weeks; 312.925 ± 147.943 μm).

Conclusion

The db/db mice had thicker and larger proximal‐SMA vessel walls and diameters than control mice, respectively, thus potentially inducing increased blood viscosity or vascular insufficiency and aggravating hearing loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Level of Evidence

IIb
450 nm Photon‐Pumped Ultraviolet‐C Luminescence for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Lv Pinshu , Li Leipeng , Wang Chunzheng , Wu Zhuqin , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Yanmin
Published: September 2022

With the implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, there is an urgent need to find a new way to generate ultraviolet‐C (UVC) light to replace mercury lamp. Upconversion phosphors have the potential to generate UVC light as they are able to convert low energy photons into high energy emissions. Here a new Sr2SiO4:Pr3+ phosphor is reported that could emit UVC light under excitation of a commonly used 450 nm laser diode, a cheap blue light‐emitting diode (LED) with central emitting wavelength at 450 nm, and even sunlight. Moreover, the potential applications of the UVC light of Sr2SiO4:Pr3+ phosphor upon excitation at 450 nm are demonstrated in several different situations, including static marking and dynamic tracking. Demonstration of the unique advantage of photon‐upconverted UVC emission of Sr2SiO4:Pr3+ in the application of sterilization is mainly focused, especially when the deep ultraviolet (DUV) LED cannot work adequately. This work opens a new route for generating UVC light and expands the applications of photon‐upconverted UVC emission, which is expected to be an indispensable supplement to the deep ultraviolet LED.
New York providers, consumers seek due process in Medicaid audits
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2022

Legislation that would implement new due process protections for health care providers in New York state audited by the Office of the Medicaid Inspector General (OMIG) has passed unanimously in the House and Senate. Forty‐six organizations representing providers and consumers across New York state's health and mental hygiene services and health care continuum are urging Gov. Kathy Hochul to sign the legislation into law and to do so quickly.
Liouville‐type theorem for finite Morse index solutions to the Choquard equation involving Δλ‐Laplacian
Authors: Trong Quyet Dao
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the following Choquard‐type equation:

where
,
and
is a sub‐elliptic operator of the form

Under some general conditions of
, we prove that the equation has no nontrivial solution which is stable outside a compact set in the subcritical case
, where
is the homogeneous dimension of
associated to
. In addition, for the critical case
, we shall show that any solution
of the equation above, which is stable outside a compact set, has finite energy. More precisely, we show that
Free‐breathing accelerated whole‐body MRI using an automated workflow: Comparison with conventional breath‐hold sequences
Authors: Koch Vitali , Merklein Domenica , Zangos Stephan , Eichler Katrin , Gruenewald Leon D. , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Booz Christian , Yel Ibrahim , D'Angelo Tommaso , Martin Simon S. , Bernatz Simon , Hammerstingl Renate M. , Albrecht Moritz H. , Scholtz Jan‐Erik , Kaltenbach Benjamin , Vogl Thomas J. , Langenbach Marcel , Gruber‐Rouh Tatjana
Published: September 2022

Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become increasingly popular in oncology. However, the long acquisition time might hamper its widespread application. We sought to assess and compare free‐breathing sequences with conventional breath‐hold examinations in whole‐body MRI using an automated workflow process. This prospective study consisted of 20 volunteers and six patients with a variety of pathologies who had undergone whole‐body 1.5‐T MRI that included T1‐weighted radial and Dixon volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination sequences. Free‐breathing sequences were operated by using an automated user interface. Image quality, diagnostic confidence, and image noise were evaluated by two experienced radiologists. Additionally, signal‐to‐noise ratio was measured. Diagnostic performance for the overall detection of pathologies was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Study participants were asked to rate their examination experiences in a satisfaction survey. MR free‐breathing scans were rated as at least equivalent to conventional MR scans in more than 92% of cases, showing high overall diagnostic accuracy (95% [95% CI 92–100]) and performance (AUC 0.971, 95% CI 0.942–0.988; p < 0.0001) for the assessment of pathologies at simultaneously reduced examination times (25 ± 2 vs. 32 ± 3 min; p < 0.0001). Interrater agreement was excellent for both free‐breathing (ϰ = 0.96 [95% CI 0.88–1.00]) and conventional scans (ϰ = 0.93 [95% CI 0.84–1.00]). Qualitative and quantitative assessment for image quality, image noise, and diagnostic confidence did not differ between the two types of MR image acquisition (all p > 0.05). Scores for patient satisfaction were significantly better for free‐breathing compared with breath‐hold examinations (p = 0.0145), including significant correlations for the grade of noise (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001), tightness (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001), and physical fatigue (r = 0.52, p = 0.0065). In summary, free‐breathing whole‐body MRI in tandem with an automated user interface yielded similar diagnostic performance at equivalent image quality and shorter acquisition times compared to conventional breath‐hold sequences.
Imaging of pediatric cardiac tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Morin Cara E. , Griffin Lindsay M. , Beroukhim Rebecca S. , Caro‐Domínguez Pablo , Chan Sherwin , Johnson Jason N. , Infante Juan C. , Lam Christopher Z. , Malone LaDonna J. , Tang Elizabeth R. , Taylor Michael D. , Wilkinson James C. , Masand Prakash M.
Published: September 2022

Cardiac tumors in children are rare and the majority are benign. The most common cardiac tumor in children is rhabdomyoma, usually associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Other benign cardiac masses include fibromas, myxomas, hemangiomas, and teratomas. Primary malignant cardiac tumors are exceedingly rare, with the most common pathology being soft tissue sarcomas. This paper provides consensus‐based imaging recommendations for the evaluation of patients with cardiac tumors at diagnosis and follow‐up, including during and after therapy.
Polylactic acid‐based composite using fused filament fabrication: Process optimization and biomedical application
Authors: Choudhary Neha , Sharma Varun , Kumar Pradeep
Published: September 2022

Biopolymer‐based composites, which are being employed extensively in biomedical applications have exceptional physical and mechanical properties. However, printing composites is a challenging task for biomedical applications. The current work highlights the impact of process parameters of fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, that is, layer height, number of loops, nozzle temperature, and a nonprocess parameter, that is, weight percentage of alumina on ultimate tensile strength, ultimate flexural strength, and ultimate compression strength of polylactic acid (PLA)‐alumina composite. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been implemented to construct the tests. The regression model demonstrated how various parameters and their interaction affected output responses. The surface plots for noticeable interactions have also been plotted. The outcome revealed that parameter control and optimization have vital impact on mechanical properties. The optimum value for maximum mechanical strengths has been obtained at layer height 0.1 mm, number of loops 4, nozzle temperature 195°C, and weight percentage of alumina as 1.5%. Later a case study has been performed with obtained optimized parameters with porous structures for biomedical applications and found that the properties such as surface finish, and dimensional accuracy were unaltered during the optimization process.
Different expressions of cardiac biomarkers between different types of acquired right ventricular outflow tract abnormality in monochorionic twins
Authors: Takano Mayumi , Hine Kotaro , Nagasaki Sumito , Sakuma Junya , Shimabukuro Makiko , Kotaki Hikari , Saito Keiko , Ogata Kohei , Yoda Hitoshi , Nakata Masahiko
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the differences in amniotic fluid cardiac biomarkers and clinical features among types of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) abnormality in monochorionic (MC) twins.

Method

This prospective study included MC twins that underwent laser surgery. Recipient or larger twins (group A) and donor or smaller twins (group B) were assessed and divided into those with a normal right ventricular outflow tract (normal RVOT), functional pulmonary atresia (fPA), or pulmonary stenosis (PS). Amniotic fluid levels of NT‐proBNP (afNT‐proBNP) and cardiac troponin T (afTnT) were examined during surgery.

Results

Of 190 fetuses in group A, there were 14 RVOT abnormality cases (including 7 fPA and 7 PS). No group B fetuses showed RVOT abnormality findings. In group A, later and earlier gestational age at surgery were observed in fPA (25.1 ± 2.8 weeks) and PS groups (17.8 ± 0.9 weeks). All survived PS cases demonstrated progressive pulmonary valve obstruction, not observed in fPA groups. AfNT‐proBNP were significantly higher in fPA and PS than in the normal RVOT group (p < 0.05). AfTnT was significantly higher in group A with PS than fPA and normal RVOT groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Among RVOT abnormality types in group A, amniotic fluid cardiac biomarkers were differently expressed, and clinical features were also differentiated. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological influence on RVOT in MC twins.

Clinical trial registration: This study was registered with the Japanese Clinical Trial Registry “UMIN‐CTR” (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index‐j.htm; trial ID numbers UMIN000024486 and 000037702).
Herbarium records reveal multiple phases in the relationship between minimum residence time and invasion ranges of alien plant species
Authors: Ni Ming
Published: September 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Plant invasions threaten many native species and change the functioning of ecosystems worldwide. This study finds that the invasion processes of multiple species include lag, acceleration and stable phases. This three‐phase relationship between minimum residence times (the time since the alien species was first recorded) and invasion ranges should be considered when modelling species invasion risks in the future, and we should control the population sizes of these species before they reach a tipping point to minimise the potential environmental impacts. This research also highlights the importance of natural history collections in helping us to understand invasion dynamics.
Determination of crucial epitopes in the sperm protein calsperin employing synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Bergmann Ann Christina , Houen Gunnar , Trier Nicole Hartwig
Published: September 2022

The chaperone protein calsperin is exclusively expressed in the testes and is essential for sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct. During spermatogenesis, calsperin interacts with ADAM3, a spermatozoon membrane protein required for fertilization. In this study, we characterized a calsperin epitope by using two monoclonal antibodies and resin‐bound calsperin peptides, which were tested for reactivity using a modified enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. An epitope located at the C‐terminal end of calsperin corresponding to amino acids 228WEKHFLDAS237 was identified. Three hot spot amino acids were essential for antibody binding whereas the remaining amino acids in the identified epitope appeared to be essential for bringing the critical contact residues into an α‐helix structure. No notable sequence similarity was determined between the identified calsperin epitope and calreticulin, a chaperone homologue with sequence similarity, indicating that the identified epitope was specific for calsperin. Characterization of the calsperin epitope and of the two antibodies tested may be used in assays for further characterization of calsperin, where knowledge about the binding sites is necessary, for example, in sandwich assays. Moreover, studies like these may be used to study the function of calsperin during spermatogenesis and fertilization in detail and to develop new male contraception methods by targeting calsperin and mediating neutralization of its function.
Severe eosinophilia and subsequent dermatologic immune‐related adverse event with squamous cell carcinoma antigen elevation induced by nivolumab and ipilimumab
Authors: Matsumoto Takeshi , Kaneko Akiko , Kusakabe Yusuke , Nakayama Emi , Tanaka Ayaka , Yamamoto Naoki , Aihara Kensaku , Yamaoka Shinpachi , Mishima Michiaki
Published: September 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for malignant lesions are associated with immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), but reports about severe eosinophilia induced by ICIs are scarce. A 73‐year‐old man with lung squamous cell carcinoma was treated by chemotherapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel) and ICIs (nivolumab plus ipilimumab). After two cycles of chemotherapy, the ICIs were continued. After 5 months, the eosinophilia, which had exceeded 5000/μl, increasingly deteriorated, and the only detected irAE was a grade 1 rash. Under continuation of the ICIs, although the eosinophilia decreased, a grade 3 rash and severe pruritis subsequently appeared. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) was steeply increased simultaneously. A complete response had been achieved, and oral prednisolone markedly improved the rash, pruritis, and eosinophilia. Clinicians should be aware that precedent severe eosinophilia and subsequent severe irAE could occur in patients treated by nivolumab and ipilimumab, and SCCA elevation could be associated with dermatologic irAE.
Preparation, Characterization and Stability Studies of Gold Nanoparticles Capped by 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Based Mesoionic Carbenes
Authors: Cui Liu , Du Mingwei , Guo Shuai
Published: September 2022

The preparation of stable and size‐uniform AuNPs (AuNPs=gold nanoparticles) has gained extensive attention. Strongly coordinating 1,2,3‐triazole‐based mesoionic carbenes are suitable capping agents to stabilize AuNPs, but such chemistry has been rarely explored. In this work, a series of newly synthesized triazolin‐5‐ylidenes with varying wingtips have been exploited as the capping ligands. Two different synthetic approaches have been explored and compared, which employed either gold(I) complexes or gold(III) species as the precursors. The gold nanomaterials synthesized via these two routes show different characteristics in terms of particle size, surface oxidation state as well as colloidal stability. It was found that the carbene with two long aliphatic wingtips is the best capping ligand giving relatively stable and monodisperse AuNPs. In addition, one of the gold nanomaterials, NP‐IIc, has exhibited good stability in the presence of biologically relevant agents including PBS, cysteine and glutathione, which implies its potential biological applications.
Hierarchical Assembly of Flexible Biopolymer Polyphosphate‐Manganese into Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Jing , Tao Yucheng , Juan Yewen , Zhou Hang , Zhao Xinyang , Cheng Xiaomei , Wang Xiuxiu , Quan Xuebo , Li Junyan , Huang Kai , Wei Wei , Zhao Jing
Published: September 2022

Polyphosphate (polyP) is one of the most compact inorganic polyanionic biopolymers that participates in various physiological processes. However, the development of polyP‐based nanomaterials is still in its infancy. Here, biocompatible polyphosphate‐manganese nanosheets are designed and synthesized by a hierarchical assembly strategy. The thickness and the lateral size of the resulting polyP‐Mn nanosheets (PMNSs) are 5 nm and 120–130 nm, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the polyP‐hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide flat structure possesses a strong aggregating capacity and serves as the template for the 2D assembly of polyP‐Mn. The PMNSs can activate the inflammatory response of macrophages resulting in the recovery of innate immunological functions to inhibit tumor proliferation. This work has initiated a new direction in constructing layered polyP‐based nanomaterials and provides guidance for biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymer‐based materials in the regulation of innate responses.
Bioheterojunction‐Engineered Polyetheretherketone Implants With Diabetic Infectious Micromilieu Twin‐Engine Powered Disinfection for Boosted Osteogenicity
Authors: Li Bin , Shu Rui , Dai Wenyu , Yang Fan , Xu Hui , Shi Xiuyuan , Li Yunfei , Bai Ding , Yang Weizhong , Deng Yi
Published: September 2022

Diabetic infectious micromilieu (DIM) leads to a critical failure rate of osseointegration by virtue of two main peculiarities: high levels of topical glucose and inevitable infection. To tackle the daunting issue, a bioheterojunction‐engineered orthopedic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant consisting of copper sulfide/graphene oxide (CuS/GO) bioheterojunctions (bioHJs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) is conceived and developed for DIM enhanced disinfection and boosted osseointegration. Under hyperglycemic micromilieu, GOx can convert surrounding glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then, upon infectious micromilieu, the bioHJs enable the catalyzation of H2O2 to highly germicidal hydroxyl radical (·OH). As a result, the engineered implants massacre pathogenic bacteria through DIM twin‐engine powered photo‐chemodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the engineered implants considerably facilitate cell viability and osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under a hyperglycemic microenvironment via synergistic induction of copper ions (Cu2+) and GO. In vivo studies using bone defect models of diabetic rats at 4 and 8 weeks further authenticate that bioHJ‐engineering PEEK implants substantially elevate their osseointegration through biofilm elimination and vascularization, as well as macrophage reprogramming. Altogether, the present study puts forward a tactic that arms orthopedic implants with DIM twin‐engine powered antibacterial and formidable osteogenic capacities for diabetic stalled osseointegration.
New‐Fashioned Universal and Functional Host‐Material from a Near‐Ultraviolet Organic Emitter for High‐Efficiency Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll‐Offs
Authors: Guo Xuecheng , Li Ganggang , Lou Jingli , Chen Kongqi , Huang Ruishan , Yang Dezhi , Zhang Han , Wang Zhiming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2022

In this work, a near‐ultraviolet (NUV) emitter, 2MCz‐CNMCz, with hot‐exciton property is designed based on a “long‐short axis” strategy, which exhibits good thermal stability, bipolar carrier transport ability, and high T1 energy level. Its nondoped NUV organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) achieves a record maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 7.76%, with a peak at 404 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.158, 0.039). The corresponding high exciton utilization efficiency (ηr) in the electroluminescence process reveals its potential as a functional sensitizing host. As expected, the TBPe‐based blue fluorescent OLED with 2MCz‐CNMCz as the host material shows better efficiency and lower efficiency roll‐off than that with traditional host material mCP. Meanwhile, the Ir complexes‐based green/yellow/red phosphorescent OLEDs with 2MCz‐CNMCz host are also fabricated, reaching high ηext values of 26.1%, 30.4%, and 20.4%, respectively, and displaying negligible efficiency roll‐offs at 1000 cd m−2, which are among the best OLED performances based on the same emitters. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first report on the design of high‐quality universal and functional host material, and may bring new inspiration to the preparation of high‐efficiency, low roll‐off, full‐color OLEDs.
Effect of Rare‐Earth Cerium on Nonmetallic Inclusions in Fe–Mn–C–Al Twinning‐Induced Plasticity Steel
Authors: Lan Fang-Jie , Zhuang Chang-Ling , Li Chang-Rong , Yang Hui , Yang Guang-Kai , Yao Han-Jie , Zhang Ze-Zhong
Published: September 2022

The effect of Ce treatment on nonmetallic inclusions in Fe–Mn–C–Al twinning‐induced plasticity steel is studied by adding different content of rare‐earth cerium. scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and electron probe X‐ray microanalyzer analysis show that the main inclusions in Ce‐treated steel change from Al2O3–MnS to CeAlO3–Ce2S3. With the increase of Ce content, the number, size, and density of inclusions in steel decrease, and the morphology of irregular inclusions is closer to the spindle. In this experiment, the size of inclusions in the test sample with 0.0048% Ce addition is the smallest and the distribution of inclusions is the most uniform. Based on the classical thermodynamics and Factsage thermodynamics software, the evolution rule of Ce addition on inclusions is calculated. The thermodynamic calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, combining the experimental phenomena and thermodynamic calculation results, it is revealed that the transformation path of the main inclusions Al2O3–MnS to CeAlO3–Ce2S3 in the Ce‐treated steel is as follows: the outer layer of MnS → CeS → Ce3S4 → Ce2S3; inner layer Al2O3 → CeAlO3 +Ce2O2S. The anisotropy difference between inclusions and iron matrix after Ce treatment is reduced, which reduces the damage of inclusions to steel.
Gasification Behaviors of Ferrocoke With and Without Water Vapor
Authors: Xu Runsheng , Deng Shuliang , Zheng Heng , Huang Xiaoming , Daghagheleh Oday , Schenk Johannes , Zhang Jianliang , Zhu Jijian
Published: September 2022

High‐reactivity coke can improve the reaction efficiency in a blast furnace, hence reducing CO2 emission. Herein, traditional coke sample (QM), normal ferrocoke sample (TJ), and modified ferrocoke sample (LQ) are examined. The effect of water vapor on the gasification behaviors and structural evolution of the samples are investigated. Furthermore, the 3D structures of the coke matrix and iron particles are reconstructed by serial sectioning method. The results show that under a pure CO2 atmosphere, the TJ and LQ samples start the gasification reaction earlier than the QM sample. The TJ sample shows the highest reactivity. Under CO2 + H2O atmosphere, the conversion rate of TJ and LQ samples is slowed. The reoxidation of the metallic iron within the ferrocoke is found for the first time during gasification and causes this phenomenon. Under experimental conditions, when water vapor appears in the atmosphere, the product layer of ferrocoke becomes more porous, and the iron particles have higher possibilities to be oxidized by CO2.
Efficient photo‐degradation of cationic dyes by Co3O4 and Sr‐Co3O4 spinel nanocomposites under solar light irradiation
Authors: Pradhan Debapriya , Panda Prafulla Kumar , Mishra Aishwarya , Falletta Ermelinda , Dash Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2022

In the present study Co3O4 and Sr‐Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by sol‐gel and co‐precipitation methods and tested as photo‐catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB, model molecule of the thiazine dyes class) and malachite green (MG, model molecule of the triphenylmethane category)under solar light irradiation. To study the photocatalytic activity, Co3O4 was doped by three different weight percentages of strontium (5%, 10%, and 15%). Among these, 10 wt% Sr‐Co3O4, named as (10)Sr‐Co3O4, showed maximum photodegradation efficiency toward both MB and MG. Their structural and morphological characteristics, chemical composition, surface area, and optical properties were investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FE‐SEM‐EDX), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The XRD investigations of Co3O4 and (10)Sr‐Co3O4 catalysts indicated retention of structure. The effect of initial pH, initial concentration of the dyes and photocatalysts dose was properly investigated. The results demonstrated the enhanced photocatalytic activity of (10)Sr‐Co3O4 compared to that of pristine Co3O4 due to Sr doping that improves electron‐hole (e–/h+) pairs separation mediated by charge migration on the Sr‐Co3O4 structure. The as‐prepared photocatalyst exhibited a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency towards both the dyes. (10)Sr‐Co3O4 and Co3O4 degraded 96% and 88% of MB at pH = 11, and 92% and 85% of MG at pH = 9, respectively in 90 min. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the photodegradation of MB and MG by Sr‐Co3O4 and Co3O4 followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. Both the photocatalysts showed good stability during recycling maintaining high performances after five cycles. Finally, the active species were identified using various scavengers by trapping holes and radicals generated during the photocatalytic degradation process.
Survey investigating factors affecting recruitment and retention in the UK veterinary nursing profession
Authors: Hagen Jennifer R. , Weller Renate , Mair Tim S. , Batt‐Williams Sarah , Kinnison Tierney
Published: September 2022

Background

Recruitment and retention have been identified as contributing factors to workforce shortages in the veterinary team.

Methods

Results from veterinary nurses to an online questionnaire regarding recruitment and retention were analysed.

Results

Veterinary nurses had few job changes (median 2); however, 53.8% (n = 1060) reported they were likely or very likely to leave their employment within 2 years. Respondents who were recently qualified (p < 0.001) and on lower salaries (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to plan to leave. The most frequently chosen reasons to stay in a position were team, location and working hours, while reasons to leave were salary, management and work–life balance. Respondents most disliked ‘dealing with people’, remuneration and work–life balance and would like to change the salary, management and team aspects. Employers reported difficulty in employing an experienced veterinary nurse.

Limitations

A questionnaire simplifies the nature of retention. Also, a comparatively low number of responses was received, with overrepresentation of some groups. It was conducted in 2018; however, it still provides a useful comparison for studies regarding recent world events.

Conclusion

The shortage of veterinary nurses is due in part to the lack of retention within the profession. Adequate recompense for work undertaken and value attributed to the role are suggested as contributing factors.
Compassion v biosecurity: are dog rescues driving disease emergence?
Authors: Loeb Josh , Gray Arabella
Published: September 2022

Following a case in the UK where an imported rescue dog passed Brucella canis to other dogs and its foster carer, Josh Loeb and Arabella Gray investigate whether strengthened border restrictions are needed to protect the UK from this zoonotic disease and others like it.
Reflecting on the 11th International Equine Infectious Diseases Conference
Authors: Kydd Julia , Nielsen Martin , Waller Andrew
Published: September 2022

Julia Kydd, Martin Nielsen and Andrew Waller highlight some of the key presentations given at last year’s 11th International Equine Infectious Diseases Conference, which was held virtually.
The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Badri Milad , Olfatifar Meysam , KarimiPourSaryazdi Amir , Zaki Leila , Madeira de Carvalho Luis Manuel , Fasihi Harandi Majid , Barikbin Fatemeh , Madani Parisa , Vafae Eslahi Aida
Published: September 2022

Background

Spirometra infection is aneglected food‐ and waterborne disease with worldwide distribution.

Objectives

The present study aims to estimate the global prevalence of Spirometra species in snakes, frogs, dogs and cats.

Methods

Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literatures published up to March 2022.

Results

Among 131 data sets (including 113 articles) that met the inclusion, 15 investigations reported Spirometra infection in snakes, 23 in frogs, 41 in dogs and 52 in cats. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) in intermediate hosts and definitive hosts was found to be 0.313% and 0.089%, respectively. Based on continent, the infection was most prevalent in Asia for studies on snakes (0.696%) and frogs (0.181%), while Africa (0.224%) and Oceania (0.203%) were the regions with the highest pooled prevalence rates of the infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest pooled prevalence was related to morphological method for studies on snakes, frog and cats with rate of 0.665%, 0.189% and 0.104%, respectively. Regarding studies on dogs, the highest pooled prevalence was observed for molecular technique (0.101%).

Conclusions

The results presented here revealed the importance of establishing a prevention and control measure focused on protection of aquaculture systems from being contaminated with faeces of dogs and cats, and raising awareness of parasitic zoonotic diseases to decrease the transmission risk.
’t Hooft expansion of SO(N) and Sp(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM revisited
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We study the ’t Hooft expansion of d = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with the gauge group SO(N) or Sp(N). We consider the 1/N5 expansion with fixed gsN5, where gs denotes the string coupling of bulk type IIB string theory on AdS5×$$ \mathbbm{RP} $$
RP
5 and N5 refers to the RR 5-form flux through $$ \mathbbm{RP} $$
RP
5. N5 differs from N due to a shift coming from the RR charge of O3-plane. As an example, we consider the 1/N5 expansion of the free energy of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on S4 and the 1/2 BPS circular Wilson loops in the fundamental representation of SO(N) or Sp(N). We find that the 1/N5 expansion is more “closed string like” than the ordinary 1/N expansion.