bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF URINE DIPSTICK WITH URINE CULTURE IN DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN.
Authors: Malik Tanvi , Sayali Anil Borate , Pandey Sarvesh , Bhardwaj Anand Kumar
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of morbidity in the paediatric age group. In general practice, 6-8% of febrile
infants who are unwell and older children having urinary complaints will have UTI. It may lead to long- term complications like loss of normal
function, renal scarring and hypertension. Thus, prompt detection and treatment of UTI is important.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the accuracy of dipstick leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests for rapid screening of urine samples,
keeping semi quantitative Urine culture as the gold standard for the diagnosis of UTI.
2. To study the clinical prole of UTI in children.
METHOD: A hospital based, prospective, cross sectional study was conducted with a total of 100 febrile children between the age of 1year to less
than 18 years who came to department of Paediatrics, MMIMSR, both inpatient and out-patient department were included in the study. Two urine
samples were collected out of which one was sent for urine culture and the other was used for urine dipstick test and urinalysis.
RESULTS: Out of 100 febrile children suspected to have UTI, Urine culture was found to be positive in 49% cases. E.coli was found to be the most
common organisms causing UTI. Out of 49% culture positive cases, 55% were females. The most common age group to have culture positivity
was found to be 12 years to less than 18 years of age. The most common features associated with culture positive UTI were found to be vomiting and
pain abdomen along with fever. The leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test have a sensitivity and specicity of 81.63%, 88.24% and 32.65%,
96.08% respectively. Thus, leukocyte esterase can be used to screen UTI in paediatric age group. Microscopic urinalysis is comparable to
leukocyte esterase with sensitivity of 73.47% and specicity of 92.16%. When leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests are used in combination, the
sensitivity increases to 86% and specicity to 88%. When all three are used together the ability to diagnose UTI improves further.
CONCLUSION: Urine dipstick test (leukocyte esterase and nitrite reduction test), is a rapid and feasible method to screen urinary tract infection in
children.
EARLY ONSET JEAVONS SYNDROME – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Vani Narmada Chundu , Elizabeth Bandrapalli. , Kattula Hemantkumar
Published: March 2022

Eyelid myoclonia with absences, also known as Jeavon's syndrome (JS) is one of the underreported childhood onset epileptic syndromes and is
characterized by eyelid myoclonia, eye closure-induced seizures or electroencephalography (EEG) paroxysms, and photosensitivity[ps].Though
1
a genetic contribution is likely present, the genes responsible are not identied. Clinical forms of JS: we have identied four forms of JS; early
onset (< 4 years), mild form, classical form and an ELMA-JME form. If diagnosed can be treated effectively with sodium valproate and
benzodiazepines.
SCRUB TYPHUS AS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 IN PRESENT SCENARIO : A CASE REPORT
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Batra Nikhil , Ahamed M Shoib
Published: March 2022

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease predominantly seen in Asian pacic region. It is caused by pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. Vector involved in
scrub typhus is larval trombiculid mite(chigger). It presents as acute febrile illness with cough, severe headache and myalgia. Complications
include pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, meningitis etc. Eschar or rash may not be present. Severity of illness can
range from mild symptoms to multi-organ failure and death. We report a case of scrub typhus who presented with fever, shortness of breath and low
oxygen saturation in emergency. Patient is a middle aged female with no known co-morbidities. Initially she was kept in COVID-19 suspected ICU
and was managed supportively. HRCT was suggestive of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). RT-PCR for SAR-CoV2 came out
negative. On evaluation it was found that she was having scrub typhus. In present scenario, not all patients who are having symptoms of fever,
shortness of breath can be COVID19, scrub typhus is one of those illnesses which may present similar to COVID19. Early diagnosis and prompt
treatment of scrub typhus is essential as any delay might lead to dreadful complication and can be fatal.
PROSTHODONTIC REHABILITATION WITH ALL CERAMIC RESTORATION USING BIOLOGICALLY ORIENTED PREPARATION TECHNIQUE – CASE REPORT
Authors: Lanzara Rajat , Kumar Dinesh , Viswambaran M
Published: March 2022

In the recent years there has been increasing demand for treatments aimed at improving dental esthetics. In this context, both patients and dentists
prefer to preserve the teeth and surrounding soft structures as far as possible. Maintaining the health and stability of soft tissues always presents a
challenge in treatments with xed prostheses. There is a direct relationship between soft tissue health and bone tissue health. For this reason,
maintaining tissue health, free of mucositis, is essential for long-term success of prosthetic treatments. Traditionally, there are two types of teeth
preparations which include preparations with nishing lines also called as horizontal and preparations without nishing lines which are described
as feather edge. This case report describes a preparation technique without a nish line known as the Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique
(BOPT) which involves gingival modulation along with preservation of tooth structure. The technique resulted in improved emergence prole of
crown, better esthetics and preservation of surrounding soft tissues.
ANALYSIS OF MICROKERATOME ASSISTED CORNEAL FLAP THICKNESS IN LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS USING ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.
Authors: A. Sawant Rohan , K. Doshi Varun , Dhaytadak Priyanka , Lahane Sumeet , Jain Ashish
Published: March 2022

Purpose:To evaluate corneal ap thickness with Moria M2 microkeratome in Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using Anterior segment optical
coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
Methods: 170 eyes of 85 patients underwent LASIK using VISX Star S4 Excimer Laser System. The Moria M2 single-use head 90m
microkeratome was used to create nasal hinged corneal aps. The right eye (RE) was operated rst followed by the left eye (LE), using the same
blade. Flap thickness was analyzed using AS-OCT.
Statistical Analysis: SPSS Software for Windows (version 18.0, SPSS, Inc).
Results: The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) was - 4.17 diopters (D) + 2.5(range: -12.5 to + 2.375 D), preoperative keratometry was 44.02
+1.58D (range 40.19-48.95D), and corneal thickness was 535.62 ± 34.6 m (468-661m) in all eyes. The mean corneal ap thickness was 117.80 ±
9.12m (96 -138m), 112.98 ± 9.86m (93-142m), and 115.35 ± 9.7m (93-142m) in the RE, LE, and both eyes respectively. There was a negative
signicant relationship between MSE and the ap thickness (p<0.001). Females had thinner aps as compared to males (p=0.013). There was a
weak positive correlation between the pre-operative pachymetry and ap thickness (p=0.039). No signicant relationship was found between
preoperative keratometry, age and ap thickness. RE had a thicker ap than the LE which was statistically signicant (p<0.001).
Conclusions:The aps created using Moria M2 90 microkeratome were thicker than intended and reproducible. Preoperative keratometry and age
did not inuence ap formation. Thick corneas had thicker aps and vice versa. Higher refractive errors and re-use of blades cause thinner aps.
Detecting Glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Study Using Deep Learning
Authors: Fan Rui , Bowd Christopher , Christopher Mark , Brye Nicole , Proudfoot James A. , Rezapour Jasmin , Belghith Akram , Goldbaum Michael H. , Chuter Benton , Girkin Christopher A. , fazio massimo , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Weinreb Robert N. , Gordon Mae O. , Kass Michael A. , Kriegman David , Zangwill Linda M.
Published: March 2022

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning (DL) algorithms to detect primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) trained on fundus photographs from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). 66,715 photographs from 3,272 eyes were used to train and test a ResNet-50 model to detect the OHTS Endpoint Committee POAG determination based on optic disc (n=287 eyes, 3,502 photographs) and/or visual field (n=198 eyes, 2,300 visual fields) changes. OHTS training, validation and testing sets were randomly determined using an 85-5-10 percentage split by subject. Three independent test sets were used to estimate the generalizability of the model: UCSD Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS, USA), ACRIMA (Spain) and Large-scale Attention-based Glaucoma (LAG, China). The DL model achieved an AUROC (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.82, 0.92) for the overall OHTS POAG endpoint. For the OHTS endpoints based on optic disc changes or visual field changes, AUROCs were 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) and 0.86 (0.76, 0.93), respectively. False-positive rates (at 90% specificity) were higher in photographs of eyes that later developed POAG by disc or visual field (19.1%) compared to eyes that did not develop POAG (7.3%) during their OHTS follow-up. The diagnostic accuracy of the DL model developed on the OHTS optic disc endpoint applied to 3 independent datasets was lower with AUROC ranging from 0.74 to 0.79. High diagnostic accuracy of the current model suggests that DL can be used to automate the determination of POAG for clinical trials and management. In addition, the higher false-positive rate in early photographs of eyes that later developed POAG suggests that DL models detected POAG in some eyes earlier than the OHTS Endpoint Committee.
Ternary and Binary Quantization for Improved Classification
Authors: lu weizhi , Chen Mingrui , guo kai , Li Weiyu
Published: March 2022

Dimension reduction and data quantization are two important methods for reducing data complexity. In the paper, we study the methodology of first reducing data dimension by random projection and then quantizing the projections to ternary or binary codes, which has been widely applied in classification. Usually, the extreme quantization will degrade the accuracy of classification due to high quantization errors. Interestingly, however, we observe that the quantization could provide comparable and often superior accuracy, as the data to be quantized are sparse features generated with common filters. Furthermore, this quantization property could be preserved in the random projections of sparse features, if both the features and random projection matrices are sufficiently sparse. By conducting extensive experiments, we validate and analyze this intriguing property.
Entropy analysis and improvement of the one-dimensional cell-centered Lagrangian scheme
Authors: Li Zhongze , Liu Li , Cheng Jun-bo
Published: March 2022

It is physically admissible that the numerical solutions of gas dynamics equations are consistent with the second law of thermodynamics, but the other cellcentered Lagrangian (CL) schemes except the hybridized CL scheme introduced by
Maire et al. do not satisfy this consistency. For one-dimensional gas dynamics equations, this hybridized CL scheme combines the acoustic approximate (AA) flux and the
entropy conservative (EC) flux. By distinguishing expanded zones and compressed
zones, the hybridized CL scheme basically satisfies the entropy consistency, but in the
part zones of rarefaction waves, the hybridized CL scheme is under-entropic and the
EC flux may result in the numerical oscillations in simulating strong rarefaction waves.
In this paper, we try to design a new hybridized CL scheme satisfying entropy consistency for one-dimensional complex flows. This new hybridized CL scheme is the combination of the AA flux and the modified entropy conservative (MEC) flux. Just like the
EC flux, the MEC flux keeps the entropy conservative in simulating rarefaction waves;
while differently, the MEC flux damps effectively numerical oscillations in zones of
rarefaction waves. And we find that, by using the third-order TVD-type Runge-Kutta
time discretization method, the CL scheme with the improved hybridized flux can
completely satisfy entropy consistency. Finally, some numerical examples are tested to
prove the characters of our new CL scheme with the improved hybridized flux.
The usability, acceptability, and performance of the Maternal PPH Wrap device in controlling postpartum hemorrhage: A pilot study at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
Authors: Canna Solomon , Etuket Maureen Dimitria , Muhimbise Owen , Kiwanuka Martin , Ngabirano Beryl , Mukiibi Denis , Kiwanuka Noah , Ssekitoleko Robert Tamale , Ononge Sam
Published: March 2022

Timely intervention for atonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) significantly reduces the incidence of death from PPH. However,
technological solutions geared towards this have not received substantial adoption by the health community in sub-Saharan Africa
due to limiting factors such as; cumbersome application, being costly, requiring skilled personnel, needing cold chain storage, and
the associated side effects. This pilot study aimed to assess the usability, acceptability, and performance of the Maternal PPH
Wrap, a first-aid device designed to control atonic PPH after childbirth. Forty subjects were recruited for the study. Twenty of
these were women who sought maternity care at Kawempe National Referral Hospital (KNRH). The women wore the device for
120 minutes while their vitals were recorded every 20 minutes. The device’s acceptability and performance were evaluated on the
women. The remaining twenty were licensed midwives working at KNRH. The device’s usability was assessed on all the midwives
recruited for the pilot study using a usability questionnaire. There was a reduction in blood loss associated with the use of the
Maternal PPH Wrap alongside the standard of care as opposed to the standard of care alone. This reduction in blood loss was
detected between the 80th and 120th minute of the device application onto the mothers. The acceptability and usability scores from
the study participants also scored favorably. The Maternal PPH Wrap demonstrated potential to control PPH and product
satisfaction, and these results will support the device’s redesign leading into a Phase I clinical trial.
Gait Analysis for Surveillance
Authors: N Deepak , Chris Joel , N Anish , Kareem Abdul , M Prof. Sharon
Published: March 2022

A gait is a pattern of limb movements made during locomotion. Human gaits are the various ways in
which a human can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training. A person's gait is as
unique as their voice timbre. With the development of Computer Vision (CV) techniques, there are many approaches to human
identification by movement in video, using natural biometric characteristics (the human skeleton,
silhouette, change while walking) and abstract features.
A gait recognition system uses the shape of the human body and the way it moves in order to identify
it. ML-based systems can identify a person from an image even if their face is out of view, turned away
from the camera, or concealed behind a mask. The system analyzes the silhouette, height, speed, and
walking characteristics and identifies the individual. Gait recognition is unlikely to be outsmarted —
every person's gait has no duplicates.
Myocilin Mutations in a Zambian Population Attending Selected Referral Eye Health Facilities
Authors: Kangwa Muma I. M. , Robin Bailey , Jessie Nyalazi I. M. , George Zulu , Tyness Malisawa-Mumba S. , Lillian Musonda - Chinama M. L. , Kachikonyo Muma-Sibande , Patrick Kaonga , Edgar Simulundu
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Research has shown that primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Zambia has an earlier age of onset and is more clinically severe than in Europe and the United States of America. Mutations of Myocilin have been reported to be associated with POAG in multiple populations. We therefore, investigated the role of myocilin gene mutations in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in a Zambian population. Methods: The unrelated POAG patients and unaffected controls seen at the University Teaching Hospitals Eye Hospital, Kitwe Teaching Eye Hospital and Lusaka Eye Hospital were recruited for this study. Glaucoma specialists from the participating institutions ascertained all POAG and control patients. Age, sex and ethnicity matched unaffected controls were obtained in patients with an IOP < 22 mm Hg, clear ocular media and normal-appearing optic nerve heads. A complete eye examination, including visual field assessment, was performed in all cases. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood, then subjected to polymerase chain reaction to amplify exons, flanking introns and promoter regions of the myocilin gene. The amplified products were screened for base mutations by autosequence based on the Sanger method. The study used the chi square test and conditional logistic regression to compare the cases and controls. Identified mutations were compared to known myocilin mutations. Results: Unrelated 165 POAG patients and unaffected 173 controls enrolled for the study. The analysis revealed four variants of myocilin mutations in 49 participants which included one synonymous (silent) mutation (Thr474Thr; 45/338) and three missense mutations (Ala446Thr; 16/338), (Leu158Arg; 4/338) and (Arg342Lys; 1/338). The prevalence of myocilin (MYOC) gene mutations in this study was 14.5% (49/338). The study observed two previously reported mutations, Ala446Thr and Arg342Lys, as glaucoma causing mutations. The variant (Lys158Arg) observed in the study was a novel finding. These mutations were detected in age, sex and ethnically matched controls. The missense mutation, Ala446Thr, was found in eight cases and eight controls. Twenty (20) controls and 25 cases had the synonymous or silent (neutral) mutation, (Thr474Thr). Conclusions: The myocilin mutations represent a prevalence of 14.5 in a Zambian population. The Leu158Arg seems to represent novel glaucoma, causing missense mutation. Mutations in myocilin appear to play a big role in the pathogenesis of POAG in a Zambian population.
Alma maestra - ser - cuerpo docente: sistematización de la experiencia vivida
Authors: Palacio Castañeda Jorge Alberto , Gómez Muñoz Delvi
Published: March 2022

Este documento tiene por objeto presentar los resultados de la sistematización de la experiencia del proyecto “Estrategia para el desarrollo personal de los docentes “Alma maestra – SER – cuerpo docente”, en su implementación durante 2019. En la primera parte se retoma la aproximación conceptual a los referentes centrales a la Estrategia que influyeron en el diseño metodológico de esta fase de la sistematización. En la segunda parte se presenta dicho diseño y en la tercera se da cuenta de la realización del trabajo de campo, realizado en su totalidad de manera virtual. En la cuarta y quinta parte se entra de lleno en el análisis de las metodologías implementadas.
Caracterização dos Sistemas Agroflorestais em Áreas de Agricultores Familiares em São Francisco do Pará
Authors: César Silva Vasconcelos Paulo , Rodrigues Galvão Jessivaldo , Junior Borges Pacheco Mauro , Costa Viana Thiago , Da Luz Freitas João
Published: March 2022

As experiências com sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) comerciais multiestratificados, na Amazônia, provêm principalmente das unidades de produção dos agricultores familiares e os agricultores priorizam as espécies frutíferas, no entanto são poucas as informações silviculturais sobre as espécies perenes e sobre o manejo desses sistemas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, tecnicamente, os sistemas agroflorestais comerciais em áreas de agricultores familiares no município de São Francisco do Pará. Para tanto, foi analisada a composição florística dos SAFs, considerando a natureza, o arranjo e a função produtora dos componentes dos sistemas existentes, o manejo desses sistemas, assim como foram identificadas espécies preferenciais à adoção, pelos agricultores familiares do município. Foram identificadas 68 experiências em SAFs das quais, 51 apresentaram características distintas em termos de componentes. A família botânica mais frequente foi Arecaceae com cinco espécies, seguida de Anacardiaceae com três. O calendário agrícola demonstrou que as atividades de preparo do solo e implantação dos cultivos são realizadas do final do período seco até o final do período de maior pluviosidade, as capinas no período chuvoso, enquanto que a roçagem o coroamento e a colheita, em geral, podem ser realizados o ano todo. A preferência dos agricultores para as plantas perenes frutíferas de Theobroma grandiflorum e Euterpe oleracea confirmaram a identificação. Porém houve interesse nos Citrus spp. e em Pipper nigrum e Musa sp. Entre as anuais Manihot esculenta foi a de maior interesse.
THE INTERVENTION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION IN KAZAKHSTAN AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE SECURITY
Authors: MISZCZUK Marcin
Published: March 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie działań podjętych przez siły zbrojne Organizacji Układu o Bezpieczeństwie Zbiorowym (OUBZ) w Kazachstanie i ich konsekwencji dla bezpieczeństwa państwa. Autor w procesie opracowania artykułu wykorzystał metodę krytycznej analizy literatury. W trakcie realizacji procesu badawczego ustalono, iż interwencja wojskowa Organizacji Układu o Bezpieczeństwie Zbiorowym w Kazachstanie spowodowana była brakiem zdolności instytucji państwa do przywrócenia porządku publicznego, którego załamanie nastąpiło w wyniku ogólnokrajowych protestów i zamieszek. OUBZ przeprowadziło interwencję wojskową, której głównym celem była ochrona kluczowej infrastruktury oraz wsparcie sił zbrojnych i policji Kazachstanu w procesie przywracania porządku publicznego. Interwencja sił zbrojnych OUBZ umożliwiła władzom państwa odzyskanie kontroli nad sytuacją bezpieczeństwa publicznego. Artykuł przedstawia bezpośrednie skutki interwencji OUBZ dla bezpieczeństwa państwa, jak i prognozę implikacji operacji wojskowej Organizacji dla bezpieczeństwa Kazachstanu w perspektywie długoterminowej. Uważa się, iż metody działania wykorzystane przez siły zbrojne Organizacji Układu o Bezpieczeństwie Zbiorowym podczas interwencji w Kazachstanie mogą stanowić model zaangażowania ekspedycyjnego sił zbrojnych Federacji Rosyjskiej w przyszłości. Teoria i praktyka działalności państwa na arenie międzynarodowej i dążenie do rewizji ładu pozimnowojennego przez Kreml pozwala sądzić, iż krótkotrwałe interwencje w bezpośrednim perymetrze strategicznym Federacji Rosyjskiej mogą wpisać się w kanon wykorzystania siły militarnej przez władze Federacji Rosyjskiej. Można przypuszczać, iż Sojusz Północnoatlantycki powinien analizować interwencję OUBZ w Kazachstanie właśnie w kontekście możliwego przyszłego zaangażowania sił zbrojnych Federacji Rosyjskiej w Państwach Bałtyckich lub byłych Republikach Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich. Pozwoli to na podjęcie działań prewencyjnych wobec możliwej eskalacji przemocy przez siły zbrojne Federacji Rosyjskiej w przyszłości, zarówno na obszarze byłych republik ZSRR, jak i w Państwach Bałtyckich.
CYBERSPACE SECURITY OF REPUBLIC OF POLAD
Authors: MĄKOSA Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

Artykuł przedstawia cyberprzestrzeń i jej bezpieczeństwo, jako jedno z najistotniejszych zadań i wyzwań państw i organizacji je zrzeszających. Przedstawione zostały definicje i pojęcia związane z problematyką cyberbezpieczeństwa. Cyberbezpieczeństwo jest jednym z najistotniejszych i coraz istotniejszym komponentem bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Cyberbezpieczeństwo państwa obejmuje bezpieczeństwo systemów teleinformatycznych oraz danych w nich przetwarzanych, stosowanych w przestrzeni cyfrowej, tak przez administrację, podmioty publiczne i gospodarcze, jak i przez obywateli. Cyberprzestrzeń jest obszarem działań konfrontacyjnych nie tylko z innymi państwami, ale także z wrogimi organizacjami, jak choćby z grupami ekstremistycznymi, terrorystycznymi, czy zorganizowanymi grupami przestępczymi. Artykuł porusza kwestie odpowiedzialności za zapewnienie cyberbezpieczeństwa systemów teleinformatycznych kluczowych krajowych podmiotów, organizacji i instytucji oraz jego wpływu na rozwój działalności państw. Wskazana została odpowiedzialność poszczególnych państw za zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa swojej cyberprzestrzeni. Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa kraju w cyberprzestrzeni, w tym bezpieczeństwa jego cyberprzestrzeni, to jedno z podstawowych zadań w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa państwa. Cyberbezpieczeństwo powinno być realizowane zarówno poprzez rozwój zdolności do działań defensywnych (obejmujących ochronę podmiotów działających w cyberprzestrzeni oraz samej cyberprzestrzeni), jak i ofensywnych. Artykuł prezentuje międzynarodowy (europejski) i krajowy kontekst prawny cyberbezpieczeństwa poprzez wskazanie właściwych w tym zakresie regulacji prawnych, takich jak dyrektywy unijne oraz ustawy i rozporządzenia krajowe, i dokumentów strategicznych – takich jak strategie bezpieczeństwa i cyberbezpieczeństwa, tak Unii Europejskiej, jak i Polski. Zaprezentowano także stan bezpieczeństwa cyberprzestrzeni RP w ujęciu ilości i rodzajów incydentów i zdarzeń bezpieczeństwa, stanu podatności systemów teleinformatycznych instytucji państwowych i podmiotów gospodarczych. Przegląd oparty jest na analizie i syntezie informacji przedstawionych w corocznych raportach CSIRT GOV i CSIRT NASK, odpowiedzialnych za bezpieczeństwo najważniejszych, z perspektywy bezpieczeństwa państwa, systemów teleinformatycznych w Polsce.
Research on Islamist Extremism in the Swiss Context: Assessing and Analyzing a Sensitive Phenomenon
Authors: Eser Davolio Miryam
Published: March 2022

Researching and addressing “radicalization” within smaller European countries is particularly challenging. Not only is it incumbent that research and approaches take into account analyses, findings, strategies, and measures from other contexts, they must also work to craft their own national understanding of the extent and nature of the phenomena and approaches to address it. This chapter discusses the author’s reflections on experiences conducting two studies on violent jihadist radicalization in Switzerland at a time of heightened concern over potential jihadist violent extremist threats. In doing so, the chapter focuses on the ethical and methodological challenges specific to the Swiss context, as well as issues impacting research on violent extremism more generally. The two studies— both of which the author served a role in—additionally navigated the tension inherent in researching a topic of heightened public interest and media coverage.
Fundamental Study of CH4-Air Combustion Under an Axisymmetric Small-scale Rectangular Combustor Using Computational Modeling
Authors: Gaglani Karan , Hossain Md. Amzad
Published: March 2022

The optimization of the design and operating conditions of industrial combustors depends on the fundamental study of combustion dynamics and flow behaviors. Complete combustion increases the thermal efficiency as well as reduces the emission significantly. A study of this kind also allows exploring alternative fuels that would increase the combustion efficiency thus the life cycle of the systems. To develop a highly-performed combustion system for rocket engines or power plants, fundamental research under an axisymmetric small-scale combustor is considered in this study. The k-Ɛ (2 Eqn.) and species transport model (STM) are used to study the flow turbulence and combustion behavior, respectively. A Parallel flow injection configuration of fuel and air is considered. In this study, combustion behavior is investigated at a wide range of fuel and air flowrate conditions while keeping the air slot dimension (240 mm) and fuel injection slot diameter (10 mm) constant. The fuel velocity (FV) and air velocity (AV) are changed from 2 m/s to 30 m/s so that a better test matrix could be proposed. At each run, turbulence, the flame temperature, reaction heat release rate, mass fraction of CO2, etc are studied. It is seen that the combustion temperature increases with the increase in fuel injection velocity. The static flame temperature reaches its maximum (2177 K-2287 K) and falls within the standard limits of CH4-Air combustion. The mass fraction of CO2 is found to be within the acceptable limit (0.121-0.153). The heat of the reaction is found to be high at variable Reair and ReCH4 conditions. It is observed that the computational models used in this study are capable of predicting the flow and combustion behaviors accurately.
A National Framework for Establishing a Circular Economy for Phosphorus
Authors: Goswami Omanjana , Rouff Ashaki
Published: March 2022

Phosphate rock (PR) is a finite and limited resource from which phosphorus (P) is mined for use in fertilizer. Approximately 40% of P applied as fertilizer is lost to erosion, and nutrient pollution and eutrophication caused by run-off from excess P in agriculture is a pervasive environmental issue. As agricultural demand for P fertilizers increases, existing reserves of PR are depleted and alternate sources need to be considered. To ensure a sustained supply of P without destabilizing global food security, there is an urgent need to implement feasible policy and technology options. Establishing a circular economy where P is recovered from existing nutrient-rich waste streams and reused as fertilizers is a viable solution to the dual problem of nutrient pollution and availability. This policy memo offers the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and US Congress guidance to prioritize phosphorus policies by: (1) establishing a Federal Advisory Committee on a circular economy for P; (2) increasing Congressional funding of P-recovery research, (3) issuing a national ban on certain phosphate-bearing products, and (4) deregulating struvite from the 40 CFR Part 503 Biosolids Rule. We recommend implementation of a synergistic combination of the proposed policy options to accelerate transition to a circular P-economy.
Science Policy Through a Local Lens: The Role of State-Level Advisory Groups in the 21st Century
Authors: Schuerger Caroline , DaCrema Danielle , Diasio Matthew , Dudek Ryan , Harris Coleman , Schmehl Meredith , Tan Melody
Published: March 2022

As new challenges arise in the 21st century, state and local governments play an increasingly critical role in science policy, contrasting the traditional focus on the federal government in this landscape. To meet these challenges, states require access to subject area expertise and evidence-based advisory resources as part of their policy toolkits. Many states have independent academies of science that have potential to provide scientific expertise to state governments. However, steps need to be taken to capitalize on these resources and integrate them with other key elements in the policymaking process. By prioritizing the development of relationships with state and local governments, academies of science and other state-level scientific entities could improve the utility of their advisory resources. We present case studies from Connecticut and Missouri, where such a model has allowed scientists to contribute to policymaking on state-level issues. We further discuss the benefits and limitations of this advisory model and explain how this approach can benefit states with different political compositions and legislative structures. By partnering more intentionally with state and local governments, academies of science can make more effective contributions to address the growing science policy issues of the 21st century and beyond.
The Mg–K Anticorrelation in ω Centauri
Authors: Alvarez Garay Deimer Antonio , Mucciarelli Alessio , Lardo Carmela , Bellazzini Michele , Merle Thibault
Published: March 2022

We present [K/Fe] abundance ratios for a sample of 450 stars in ω Centauri, using high-resolution spectra acquired with the multiobject spectrograph FLAMES@VLT. Abundances for Fe, Na, and Mg were also derived. We detected intrinsic K variations in the analyzed stars. Moreover, [K/Fe] shows a significant correlation with [Na/Fe] and an anticorrelation with [Mg/Fe]. The presence of a clear-cut Mg–K anticorrelation makes ω Centauri the third stellar system, after NGC 2419 and NGC 2808, hosting a subpopulation of stars with [Mg/Fe] < 0.0 dex, K-enriched in the case of ω Centauri by ∼0.3 dex with respect to Mg-rich stars ([Mg/Fe] > 0.0 dex). The correlation/anticorrelation between K and other light elements involved in chemical anomalies supports the idea that the spread in [K/Fe] can be associated with the same self-enrichment process typical of globular clusters. We suggest that significant variations in K abundances perhaps can be found in the most massive and/or metal-poor globular clusters as a manifestation of an extreme self-enrichment process. Theoretical models face problems explaining K production in globular clusters. Indeed, models where asymptotic giant branch stars are responsible for the Mg–K anticorrelation only qualitatively agree with the observations. Finally, we discovered a peculiar star with an extraordinary K overabundance ([K/Fe] = +1.60 dex) with respect to the other stars with similar [Mg/Fe]. We suggest that this K-rich star could be formed from the pure ejecta of AGB stars before dilution with pristine material.
How does familiarity in rhizobial interactions impact the performance of invasive and native legumes?
Authors: Warrington Staci , Ellis Allan G. , Keet Jan-Hendrik , Le Roux Johannes J.
Published: March 2022

Mutualisms can be disrupted when non-native plants are introduced into novel environments, potentially impacting their establishment success. Introduced species can reassemble mutualisms by forming novel associations with resident biota or by maintaining familiar associations when they are co-introduced with their mutualists. Invasive AustralianAcaciaspecies in South Africa have formed nitrogen-fixing rhizobium mutualisms using both pathways.

Here we examined the contributions of novel vs familiar rhizobial associations to the performance ofAcacia salignaacross different soils within South Africa’s Core Cape Subregion (CCR), and the concomitant impacts of exotic rhizobia on the endemic legume,Psoralea pinnata. We grew each legume with and without AustralianBradyrhizobiumstrains across various CCR soil types in a glasshouse. We identified root nodule rhizobium communities associating with seedlings grown in each treatment combination using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques.

Our results show that different CCR soils affected growth performances of seedlings for both species while the addition of Australian bradyrhizobia affected growth performances ofA. saligna, but notP. pinnata. NGS data revealed that each legume associated mostly with their familiar rhizobial partners, regardless of soil conditions or inoculum treatment.Acacia salignapredominantly associated with Australian bradyrhizobia, even when grown in soils without inoculum, whileP. pinnatalargely associated with native South AfricanMesorhizobiumstrains.

Our study suggests that exotic Australian bradyrhizobia are already present and widespread in pristine CCR soils, and that mutualist limitation is not an impediment to further acacia invasion in the region. The ability ofP. pinnatato sanction AustralianBradyrhizobiumstrains suggests that this species may be a good candidate for restoration efforts following the removal of acacias in CCR habitats.
Elder Abuse: A Global Challenge and Canada's Response
Authors: Hirst Sandra P. , Majowski Kathy
Published: March 2022

Elder abuse is a global call to action. Nurses have a primary role to play in its detection and prevention. Globally, demographic change is creating an increasing number of older adults. Consequently, this increased number of people will be affected by age discrimination and ageism, both of which contribute to elder abuse. Despite the existence of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, older adults are not recognized explicitly under the international human rights laws that legally oblige governments to address the rights of all people. Drawing initially on global conversations specific to elder abuse and the role of nurses, the current article explores the challenges of recognizing and combating elder abuse. To provide specific gerontological nursing strategies, recognition is given to actions implemented in Canada to address this major health challenge. The desired outcome is an advocacy framework for gerontological nurses to use in working toward the recognition and prevention of elder abuse. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(4), 21–25.]
Foveal Hypoplasia in a Patient With High Myopia: Clinical and Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Souied Eric , Blanco-Garavito Rocio
Published: March 2022

The authors present an unusual case of a 6-year-old boy with myopia and foveal hypoplasia who was diagnosed by optical coherence tomography angiography. This case report presents the importance of using optical coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis of a different etiology.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2022;59(2):e23–e24.]
Teaching Large Classes of Primary School Children During Health Emergencies in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Bayode Isaiah , Popoola Temilola Janet , Ojediran Isaac Ayodele
Published: March 2022

The study investigated teachers' strategies and coping mechanics adopted in handling large classes of primary school children and determined the extent of meeting learners' needs in large classes. The research adopted the descriptive survey design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection. The target population comprised of 175 public primary school teachers and 15 headteachers from Ondo State of Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was used for sample selection. Two research instruments were used for data collection. The results showed that health problems associated with overcrowding constituted the most prominent of the challenges confronting teachers in their management of large classes. The results also showed that the learning needs of special needs pupils in large classes were largely not met by their teachers. The results suggest the need for a paradigm shift in the development and implementation of education policies for achieving reasonable and manageable class size in Nigerian primary education.
Adult Learning in the Workplace
Authors: Nelmark Scott
Published: March 2022

The needs of the adult learner are distinctly different from those of children. In a world where employees are becoming increasingly remote, recognizing the core concepts of adult instruction is increasingly critical. This chapter examines the foundational constructs of adult learning and instruction and factors that promote and inhibit adult learning. Theories of adult learning pioneers Knowles, McClusky, Deci, and Ryan apply in the organizational classroom and the “virtual” classroom. With this understanding, the learning practitioner may implement meaningful curriculum that appeals to the adult learner, encouraging individual growth while supporting employee retention and organizational development.
Critical Appraisal of Challenges to Online Consumer Fissures in Information Technology Law in India
Authors: Gulzar Unanza
Published: March 2022

Despite the shift in e-commerce in India, there are inadequate laws to protect a person over the internet. The chapter highlights that the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008, incorporated Section-A, which validates just e-commerce including e-shopping but does not include attendant principles of its formation, which gave rise to a number of questions. The chapter also discusses the loopholes and lacunas in the Information Technology Act relating to online consumers and the Indian Contract Act for formation of contracts that cannot be made equally applicable to online contracts, leaving consumers in a position where they cannot bargain. Further, the author has evaluated and analysed cases filed by consumers in terms of challenges they face. Lastly, the chapter came up with certain suggestions keeping in view unfilled space.
Osimertinib Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy for EGFR Mutant, T790M-Negative, Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Develop Leptomeningeal Metastases with Extracranial Progression to Prior EGFR TKI
Authors: Kim Hye Ryeon , Jo Hyunji , Kim Hongsik , Hong Joohyun , Park Sehhoon , Jung Hyun Ae , Lee Se-Hoon , Ahn Jin-Seok , Ahn Myung-Ju
Published: March 2022

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare but fatal clinical condition with a short survival time. The incidence of LM from epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased due to the limited efficacy of first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, CNS penetrant, oral EGFR TKI that demonstrates promising efficacy in CNS metastases regardless of T790M. Herein, we report four cases of T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy, who progressed on prior EGFR TKI and developed LM with extracranial lesions. The combination treatment was well tolerated, and the mean overall survival from LM diagnosis was 14.7 months (95% confidence interval, 10.4 to 19.0). These results suggest that osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy would be a reasonable treatment option for T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients who develop LM with extracranial progression to prior EGFR TKI. A further prospective study is warranted.
Endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pulmonary function
Authors: Macdonald K.I. , Gipsman A. , Magit A. , Fandino M. , Massoud E. , Witterick I.J. , Hong P.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is not clearly defined. Objective: TO perform a systematic review of subjective and objective outcomes of ESS in CF. Methods: A systematic review was performed using the keywords 'sinusitis,' 'sinus surgery,' 'nasal polyps' and 'cystic fibrosis.' The quality of papers was assessed using the NICE scoring scale. Outcomes included safety, subjective symptoms, objective endoscopy scores, days spent in hospital, courses of antibiotics, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Results: Nineteen studies involving 586 patients were included in the review. There were four prospective cohort trials, and three were rated as good quality. There were no major complications attributable to ESS. There was consistent evidence in four cohort studies of improved sinonasal symptoms, including nasal obstruction, facial pain, headaches, rhinorrhea and olfaction. Three studies reported conflicting results in post-operative endoscopy scores. Three studies showed a decrease in days spent in hospital, and two showed a significant decrease in courses of intravenous antibiotics. A recent study, however, did not show a difference in either days spent in hospital or courses of antibiotics. Pulmonary function tests were not improved by ESS in six cohort trials, and one small study found significant improvement. A meta-analysis of FEV1 scores confirmed no significant difference. Conclusion: THE most consistent findings of this review were that ESS in patients with CF is safe, produces symptomatic benefit, and does not consistently improve PFTs. There were more conflicting results with regards to endoscopy scores, days spent in hospital, and courses of intravenous antibiotics. Future prospective studies, utilizing validated quality of life, symptom and endoscopy scales, are needed to further elucidate the role of ESS in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis in CF patients.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of manganese(II), iron(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) hydrazine complexes as catalytic activity agents
Authors: A. Alibrahim Khuloud , Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Refat Moamen S.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. This article deals with the preparation and coordination of NH2—NH2 hydrazine molecule compounds. The hydrazine sulfate complexes of Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were prepared. These complexes were characterized by elemental, infrared, conduction, electron absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The magnetic measurements were confirmed that the Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) hydrazine complexes have an octahedral geometric structure. Thermogravimetric and its differential thermogravimetric analysis referred that all complexes passed through two-to-three thermal degradation steps with solid metal sulfate as a residual product. The infrared spectra inferred that the NH2—NH2 ligand forms complexes through nitrogen atoms of the—NH2 moiety, while the elemental analysis indicates [M(NH2—NH2)3]SO4 (where M = Mn(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) while the iron(III) complexes have the [Fe2(NH2—NH2)4(SO4)2]SO4 formula of coordination compounds, NH2—NH2 acts as a double bond. Both XRD and AFM analysis deduced that the synthesized hydrazine metal complexes were found to be in nano scale range 10—30 nm.

               

KEY WORDS: Hydrazine, FTIR, AFM, XRD, Transition metals

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 33-44.                                                                   

DOI:   https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.4
Procedure for the Safety Assessment of an Autonomous Vehicle Using Real-World Scenarios
Authors:   TNO, NETHERLANDS, de Gelder Erwin , Op den Camp Olaf ,   TNO, NETHERLANDS
Published: March 2022

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years and it is expected that AVs will soon be introduced on our roads. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. As traditional methods for safety assessment of vehicles are not feasible to be performed for AVs within reasonable time and cost, new approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world scenario-based assessment is widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenario-based assessment allows for using virtual simulation tools in addition to physical tests, such as on a test track, proving ground, or public road. We propose a procedure for real-world scenario-based road-approval assessment considering three stakeholders: the applicant, the assessor, and the (road or vehicle) authority. In this procedure, the applicant applies for the approval of one specific AV, the assessor assesses this AV and advises the authority, and the authority sets the requirements for the AV and decides whether this specific AV is approved for road testing The challenges are as follows. Firstly, the tests need to be tailored to the operational design domain (ODD) and dynamic driving task (DDT) description of the AV. Secondly, it is assumed that the applicant does not want to disclose all of the detailed test results because of proprietary or confidential information contained in these results. Thirdly, due to the complex ODD and DDT, many test scenarios are required to obtain sufficient confidence in the assessment of the AV. Consequently, it is assumed that due to limited resources, it is infeasible for the assessor to conduct all (physical) tests. We propose a systematic approach for determining the tests that are based on the requirements set by the authority and the AV's ODD and DDT description, such that the tests are tailored to the applicable ODD and DDT. Each test comes with metrics that enables the applicant to provide a performance rating of the AV for each of the tests. By only providing a performance rating for each test, the applicant does not need to disclose the details of the test results. In our proposed procedure, the assessor only conducts a limited number of tests. The main purpose of these tests is to verify the fidelity of the results provided by the applicant. Still, the applicant needs to conduct many tests, but this is assumed to be feasible because the applicant can utilize virtual simulation tools to conduct (a part of) the tests whereas this is not possible for the assessor due to proprietary or confidential information. To illustrate the proposed procedure, an example is presented.