bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los paisajes que encontró Tariq. La bahía de Algeciras entre los siglos III y VIII
Authors: Jiménez Vialás Helena
Published: November 2018

Se analizan en este trabajo las transformaciones experimentadas por el poblamiento de la bahía de Algeciras (Provincia de Cádiz y Territorio británico de ultramar de Gibraltar) entre el siglo III y el 711. Los últimos siglos de la Antigüedad pueden sintetizarse en una primera fase de mantenimiento del paisaje portuario e industrial altoimperial, aunque con la conversión de las factorías en núcleos secundarios o vici, como la Cetraria de los itinerarios; y una segunda fase, a partir del siglo VI, marcada por transformaciones de envergadura tanto en la configuración urbana de Carteia y Traducta como en elementos básicos del sistema territorial: desaparecen villae y cetariae, sustituidas por nuevas formas de asentamiento que reflejan una concentración de la propiedad y un cierto retraimiento respecto a la costa. En los albores de la fase medieval los cambios en la toponimia reflejan el advenimiento de una nueva época: Carteia desapareció aunque el lugar conservó su antiguo nombre, Traducta pervivió a través de al-Yazirat al-Hadra, mientras que el principal hito geográfico y simbólico, el mons Calpe –una de las columnas de Hércules-, pasó a denominarse monte de Tariq (Gibraltar) en memoria del nuevo héroe de un nuevo relato: la conquista arabo-bereber.
La maqbara del camino de Bayyāsa (Marroquíes Bajos, Jaén)
Authors: Navarro Pérez Mercedes
Published: November 2018

En el texto se presenta un estudio realizado sobre las necrópolis medievales documentadas en la Zona Arqueológica de Marroquíes Bajos, (Jaén) y especialmente de la maqbara del camino de Bayyāsa. Para ello se exponen las diferentes variables, tipología de tumba, localización dentro del propio cementerio, orientación, etc, que nos han permitido plantear hipótesis sobre su fundación en época emiral y su evolución durante todo el período islámico, incluidos algunos períodos en los que se produce el abandono del mismo coincidiendo con momentos de inestabilidad.
Shades, Voice and Mobility: Afar pastoralist and Rift Valley communities (re)interpreting literacy and linguistic practices
Authors: Heugh Kathleen
Published: November 2018

In this paper, narrative data from remote communities in Ethiopia reveal in intimate ways how ‘linguistic citizenship’ (Stroud 2001) is claimed and exercised to resist educational decisions which are insensitive to the rhythms of pastoral or rural life. Even where communities are distant from the discourses and resources of the centre, individuals and community spokespersons express powerful views which resonate with contemporary global and local concerns of linguistic diversity, literacy and migration. While conventional representations suggest that such communities lack agency and voice, are require externally delivered aid and to be ‘spoken for’, this article reveals a matrix of articulate positions on language/s, literacy/ies and participation in both primary school and adult education. Amongst the challenges of (re)interpretation for the researcher is a discordant intersection of fluid temporal and spatial positions of researcher and respondent, simultaneously translocal and transnational. Agitated shifts in time and space recast shades and voice for both respondent and researcher. This paper raises questions for research procedures and interpretation of narrative accounts of literacy(ies), linguistics and educational practices on the margins. In particular, the discussion suggests that an understanding of and sensitivity towards the linguistic citizenship of informants as well as the multilayered positions of the researcher, including the researcher’s own linguistic citizenship, offer productive theoretical and methodological approaches to ethnographic research.
Multilingualism and Local Literacy Practices in Ethiopia: Language contact in regulated and unregulated spaces
Authors: Lanza Elizabeth , Woldemariam Hirut
Published: November 2018

The study of the linguistic landscape has provided a new dimension to theories andissues related to multilingualism, including language policy. In this growing field ofinquiry, however, not enough attention has been given to the linguistic landscape insites in the Global South. Since one of the aims of literacy studies is to reveal the varietyand social patternings of practices, there is a need to compare linguistic landscape datawith other various textual materials. In this article, we present linguistic landscape datafrom two federal regional capitals in Ethiopia that demonstrate multilingual languageuse. We also compare the linguistic contact patterns with those found in schoolbooksused in the same region. Such a comparison involves language use in unregulatedas well as in regulated spaces (see Sebba 2009). Regional ethnically based languagesare now being used in new arenas, including the linguistic landscape and educationbecause of a new language policy promoting the use and development of regionallanguages. The two regional capitals provide privileged sites for examining theproducts of local literacy practices, involving values, attitudes, ideologies, and socialrelationships. We discuss the results in light of various ideologies and argue for thespeaker-writer’s active mobilisation of multilingual resources in new language arenas.
Review of Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space by Adam Jaworski and Crispin Thurlow
Authors: Banda Felix
Published: November 2018

Although the volume was published in 2010, it still remains one of the most important contributions to a new field of enquiry in the study of language and signage in public spaces initially conceptualised and institutionalised by Landry and Bourhis (1997) as linguistic landscapes (LL). They defined linguistic landscapes as “[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combine to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration” (p. 25). As the title of the volume suggests, the aim was to extend the study to consider other semiotic material in place rather than linguistic ones alone. Jaworski and Thurlow prefer the term semiotic landscapes to LL to account for the fact that descriptions of space are not just about language, image and space, but more so about how interlocutors engage with semiotic material including objects in place.
Table of Contents
Authors: Stroud Christopher , Peck Amiena , Williams Quentin
Published: November 2018

Table of Contents
Linguistic Citizenship as Utopia
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

major challenge of our time is to build a life of equity in a fragmented world of globalized ethical, economic and ecological meltdown. In this context, language takes on singular importance as the foremost means whereby we may engage ethically with others across encounters of difference. Howevever, there is an important sense in which the crisis of humanity we are experiencing as a crisis of diversity and voice is deeply entwined with a subterranean crisis of language itself. As Giorgio Agamben has pointed out, although language is the foremost realization of our humanity, our current understanding of language distorts rather than elucidates this humanity.
Editorial
Authors: Stroud Christopher , Williams Quentin
Published: November 2018

Editorial
Editorial
Authors: Dyers Charlyn
Published: November 2018

Editorial
Two significant moments in the history of Kaaps
Authors: Van Rensburg Christo
Published: November 2018

Two matters are considered in this paper.(i) The identification of the first version of Kaaps, the progenitor of Afrikaans. The earliestversion of Kaaps was recorded during the first period of the history of Afrikaans – theperiod prior to 1652. This period commences with the first visits to the Cape by Dutchmariners. The written records of Kaaps dating from that period are older than anyother manifestation of forms in Afrikaans. Some of these early words are currently stillin use among speakers of Kaaps, while others have been incorporated into StandardAfrikaans, or appear in dictionaries and the AWS (Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls –Wordlist and Spelling rules for Afrikaans). Some even continue to survive in the spokenAfrikaans of a number of regional dialects. Reference is also made in this chapter tohow Kaaps eventually developed and played an important role in the shaping of othervarieties of Afrikaans.(ii) The circumstances leading to the incorporation of elements of other varieties into the coredescription of Afrikaans. In describing Afrikaans, language historians usually ask whereparticular words and constructions come from. But the question how is actually ofgreater value when investigating the development of Afrikaans. Ek (I) is a word inKaaps which was, over time, absorbed into general use in Afrikaans. An analysis ofhow this process took place reveals that the ‘how’ questions are of greater importancein the history of the language than the ‘when’ and ‘where’ questions. The true story ofAfrikaans is a socio-historical one. Destigmatization, and the circumstances leading tochanging norms, are evoked by the ‘how’ questions.
The use of KAAPS in newspapers
Authors: De Vries Anastasia
Published: November 2018

In the increasingly competitive media landscape newspapers, among others, are underpressure from digital and social media. As a result, the performance and positioningof traditional Afrikaans newspapers like Rapport, Beeld, Die Burger and Volksblad, aswell as the forms of Afrikaans they use, are constantly scrutinised in surveys about therelevance and profitability of the Afrikaans print media. These surveys often point tothe use of Afrikaans ‘as spoken by the people’ in emerging newspapers like Son andSon op Sondag, as the main reason for the growing popularity, healthy sales figuresand advertising revenue of these two newspapers. As a result, Son developed into thelargest Afrikaans daily in an Afrikaans print market long dominated by establishedtitles like Beeld, Die Burger and Volksblad. In view of this, this contribution will firstlyinvestigate the profitability (in monetary terms and circulation) of actually using Kaapsin newspapers. Secondly, it will focus attention on the use of this form of Afrikaansin traditional newspapers in which Standard Afrikaans is the dominant form. Thequestion is: What is the nature of the Kaaps in these newspapers compared to theKaaps in Son specifically? The aim of this contribution is to explore how Afrikaansnewspapers create space for the use of colloquial varieties in general and Kaapsspecifically, and to determine the relevance or function of Kaaps in the news domain.On the one hand the focus will be on columns in which Kaaps is the medium and onthe other, on newspaper articles about the Afrikaans language variety. The data onwhich this paper is based were firstly, the responses to a list of questions posed to thenews-editor of Son, and secondly a critical content analysis and interpretation of themanifestations of Kaaps in this newspaper in comparison to the forms in the moreestablished Afrikaans newspapers. The general perceptions of, and attitudes towards,the use of colloquial varieties of Afrikaans, collated in a 2012 survey among readers,are also taken into account.
Locality, belonging and the social meanings of Afrikaans rhotic variation in the South Cape: from patterns of frequency towards moments of meaning
Authors: Ribbens-Klein Yolandi
Published: November 2018

Since Labov’s ground-breaking work in 1966, there have been significant changes to the ways that social meanings of linguistic variation are perceived and studied by variationist scholars. These changes are driven by an impetus to move from a focus on the description of the social correlates of linguistic variation, towards exploring the processes involved in how linguistic variables attain indexical social meanings. This paper contributes to explorations of the social meanings of linguistic variation, and also provides current research to the dearth of studies on Afrikaans varieties. The data are from my PhD project, which investigates how people in a town in the South Cape region (Western Cape Province in South Africa) use the Afrikaans (r) to index locality, belonging, and other forms of social meanings, particularly in the context of social and geographic mobility (Ribbens-Klein, 2016). Conventional variationist sociolinguistics has focused mainly on macro-social groups, but in this paper, I choose to focus on one individual and the multiple indexical meanings of rhotic variation. I discuss three different sets of results: metalinguistic comments, the frequency use of rhotic variants, and the use of variants in interaction. This study aims to demonstrate that the frequency use of a variant is but one aspect involved in the social meanings of linguistic forms in interaction.
Book review: Unsettled: Denial and belonging among White Kenyans by Janet McIntosh
Authors: Roets Carla
Published: November 2018

McIntosh’s, Unsettled: Denial and belonging among White Kenyans, is an ethnography of White Kenyan settler descendants who are battling with their identities and sense of belonging in the post-colonial Kenya. The author shares numerous stories of various ordinary interactions with her respondents (aged 20 – 80), as well as interactions from semistructured and open ended interviews. McIntosh notes that “ethnographies of elite groups are somewhat unusual; most cultural anthropologists prefer to explore the experiences of people who don’t have much of a voice” (pg.14), but with this ethnographic account of White settler descendants, the author provides the reader with a critical look into Whiteness and White privilegeby documenting how the respondents situate themselves between the colonial past and post-colonial present.
Announcement
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Announcement
Fruits and flowers of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Chiquillo Kelcie L. , Barber Paul H. , Willette Demian A.
Published: November 2018

While the seagrass Halophila stipulacea reproduces both sexually and asexually in its native range, reproduction is largely asexual in its invasive range in the Mediterranean and the Caribbean Seas. Here we make the first report of fruit-bearing H. stipulacea in the Caribbean. Although the lack of reports of H. stipulacea fruit could be the consequence of past survey effort, multiple recent reports of both flowers and fruit across the invasive range strongly suggest that introductions of H. stipulacea in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean included both sexes of this dioecious seagrass. This finding may have important implications for the future dispersal, survival, and maintenance of the non-native population.
Global Non-Profit Chains and the Challenges of Development Aid Contracting
Authors: Burger Ronelle , Owens Trudy , Prakash Aseem
Published: November 2018

This paper employs Oliver Williamson’s transaction cost approach to assess contracting. We find that donor contracting with global non-profit chains is conducive to NPO opportunism due to the asset specificity of the contracts, infrequent contracting, and the uncertainty of outcomes. These risks are further exacerbated by the weak enforcement mechanisms available in many developing countries. Williamson’s framework predicts that these risks would tempt donors to resort to the muscular approach, where they would exercise maximum control over the non-profit chain. Although competition would be a safeguard against the muscular approach, the donor landscape suffers from collusion and is monopsonistic. Our analysis suggests that while the current contracting and oversight arrangements might serve the donor procedural objective to exercise control in a sector marked by information asymmetries, these arrangements can undermine the primary objective of donors, namely responsiveness to beneficiaries, and ultimately, improved beneficiary welfare. We illustrate our conceptual analysis with short case studies of three Ugandan NPOs.
Bratman on shared intention
Authors: Kietzmann Christian
Published: November 2018

In work that spans almost four decades, Michael Bratman has developed a rich account of human agency. At the centre of this account lies an understanding of intentions as individual planning states. A significant strand in this enterprise has been his work on shared agency, culminating in his 2014 monograph, which aims to extend his account of individual agency to cover cases of what he calls “modest sociality”, i.e. simple cases of acting together. Central to this endeavour is Bratman’s analysis of shared intention, which for him is not asui generisphenomenon, but can be understood in terms of his concept of individual agency, as the main components of his account of shared intention are already available in his account of the intentions of a single person.

In this paper, I want to critically examine Bratman’s approach to shared intention. I will proceed as follows: In Section 1, I will describe the analytic strategy that guides Bratman’s analysis. Section 2 will introduce his central claim that the fulfilment of a list of conditions suffices for a shared intention to be present. In Sections 3 to 5, I will discuss and criticise some of these conditions. In Section 6, I will draw some positive conclusions from my critical arguments.
Légitimité, omnivorité et éclectisme: goûts et dégoûts en matière d’ameublement et de décoration domestique. Etude qualitative auprès de jeunes représentants des classes moyennes supérieures
Authors: Ischer Patrick
Published: November 2018

La théorie de la légitimité culturelle telle que proposée par Pierre Bourdieu a suscité de nombreuses critiques, qui ont donné lieu à de nouveaux développements théoriques. Sans véritablement s’affranchir des thèses énoncées dans La Distinction, le modèle de l’omnivorité initié par Richard Peterson et celui de l’éclectisme défendu par Olivier Donnat ont, entre autres, passablement insisté sur la tolérance des élites et leur inclination à esthétiser la « culture populaire ». Nous appuyant sur une recherche qualitative conduite en Suisse romande, notre propos est de discuter ces théories en prenant pour objet d’étude les goûts en matière d’ameublement et de décoration domestique.
Adaptation to Precarious Prosperity: Is it Resignation?
Authors: Sieber Rebekka
Published: November 2018

This article aims at understanding how adaptation occurs in precarious prosperity. It investigates quality of life in Switzerland using a longitudinal qualitative design. The results show that processes of adaptation tend to be similar according to relevant social experiences and that adaptation does not mean complete resignation. Furthermore, the reasoning of adapting people changes over time. This shows an internalization of the perceived norm not being satisfied. Adaptation thus contributes to the reproduction of inequalities on a societal level.
Person Feature Geometry and Pronominal Clitic Ordering Preferences
Authors: Franks Steven L.
Published: November 2018

This paper examines so-called “Person Case Constraint” (PCC) effects. These are ordering restrictions on co-occurring clitic pronouns, where only certain person combinations are felicitous but the possibilities vary cross-linguistically. Taking the South Slavic languages as a point of departure, an account is developed in terms of person feature spreading from a high Appl(icative) node to underspecified clitic pronouns. It is argued that 3rdperson is the absence of person features, hence there is no PERS(on) node per se, and that person can be characterized in terms of PART(icipant) and AUTH(or). It is further argued that languages may differ in terms of how these two features are arranged, accounting for additional systems. Finally, speculations are offered on how feature spreading enlightens PCC violation repair strategies.
Ist der Name der nordwestböhmischen Stadt dt. Kaaden / tschech. Kadaň keltischen Ursprungs?
Authors: Bichlmeier Harald
Published: November 2018

The North-West-Bohemian town Kaaden (Czech Kadaň) lies in an area where Celts settled some two millennia ago. For this reason a Celtic etymology was proposed for this placename, although a Slavic etymology based on the Common Slavic personal name *Kadanъ (attested in Old Czech, Polish, Sorabian) had existed for decades: Kadaň (taken over later on into German as Ka(a)den) was derived from the personal name *Kadanъ with the possessive suffix Common Slavic *-jь and meant originally ‘Kadan’s (castle/town)’. It will be shown that the Celtic etymology which argues for a Proto-Celtic *katu-dūno- ‘town/castle of the fight/battle’ invokes too many ad-hoc-developments and scarcely (if at all) attested soundchanges to be regarded at all plausible. The ‘classical’ Slavic etymology, on the other hand, can be shown to be flawless in all aspects.
No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression
Authors: Hunt Melissa G. , Marx Rachel , Lipson Courtney , Young Jordyn
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Given the breadth of correlational research linking social media use to worse well-being, we undertook an experimental study to investigate the potential causal role that social media plays in this relationship.

Method: After a week of baseline monitoring, 143 undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to either limit Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat use to 10 minutes, per platform, per day, or to use social media as usual for three weeks.

Results: The limited use group showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. Both groups showed significant decreases in anxiety and fear of missing out over baseline, suggesting a benefit of increased self-monitoring.

Discussion: Our findings strongly suggest that limiting social media use to approximately 30 minutes per day may lead to significant improvement in well-being.
Acute milk-alkali syndrome
Authors: Timilsina Bidhya , Tachamo Niranjan , Parajuli Prem Raj , Gabriely Ilan
Published: November 2018

A 74-year-old woman presented with progressive lethargy, confusion, poor appetite and abdominal pain. She was found to have non-PTH-mediated severe hypercalcemia with renal failure and metabolic alkalosis. Extensive workup for hypercalcemia to rule out alternate etiology was unrevealing. Upon further questioning, she was taking excess calcium carbonate (Tums) for her worsening heartburn. She was diagnosed with milk-alkali syndrome (MAS). Her hypercalcemia and alkalosis recovered completely with aggressive hydration along with improvement in her renal function. High index of suspicion should be maintained and history of drug and supplements, especially calcium ingestion, should be routinely asked in patients presenting with hypercalcemia to timely diagnose MAS and prevent unnecessary tests and treatments.

Learning points:

Suspect milk-alkali syndrome in patients with hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal failure, especially in context of ingestion of excess calcium-containing supplements.

Careful history of over-the-counter medications, supplements and diet is crucial to diagnose milk-alkali syndrome.

Milk-alkali syndrome may cause severe hypercalcemia in up to 25–30% of cases.
Novel mutations associated with inherited human calcium-sensing receptor disorders: A clinical genetic study
Authors: García-Castaño Alejandro , Madariaga Leire , Pérez de Nanclares Gustavo , Ariceta Gema , Gaztambide Sonia , Castaño Luis , _ _
Published: November 2018

Objective

Molecular diagnosis is a useful diagnostic tool in calcium metabolism disorders. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is known to play a central role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis. We performed clinical, biochemical and genetic characterization of sequence anomalies in this receptor in a cohort of 130 individuals from 82 families with suspected alterations in the CASR gene, one of the largest series described.

Methods

The CASR gene was screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct Sanger sequencing.

Results

Presumed CaSR-inactivating mutations were found in 65 patients from 26 families. These patients had hypercalcemia (median: 11.3 mg/dL) but normal or abnormally high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (median: 52 pg/mL). On the other hand, presumed CaSR-activating mutations were detected in 17 patients from eight families. These patients had a median serum calcium level of 7.4 mg/dL and hypoparathyroidism (median: PTH 13 pg/mL). Further, common polymorphisms previously associated with high blood ionized calcium levels were found in 27 patients (median calcium: 10.6 mg/dL; median PTH: 65 pg/mL) with no other alterations in CASR. Overall, we found 30 different mutations, of which, 14 have not been previously reported (p.Ala26Ser, p.Cys60Arg, p.Lys119Ile, p.Leu123Met, p.Glu133Val, p.Gly222Glu, p.Phe351Ile, p.Cys542Tyr, p.Cys546Gly, p.Cys677Tyr, p.Ile816Val, p.Ala887Asp, p.Glu934*, p.Pro935_Gln945dup).

Conclusions

Patients with CASR mutations may not fit the classic clinical pictures of hypercalcemia with hypocalciuria or hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria. Molecular studies are important for confirming the diagnosis and distinguishing it from other entities. Our genetic analysis confirmed CaSR disorders in 82 patients in the study cohort.
El Panóptico digital de la protección de datos personales en Colombia
Authors: Galvis Cano Lucero
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo describe como primera medida, la vigilancia en la sociedad del control disciplinario a la luz del método panóptico de Jeremy Bentham y su acoplamiento al ecosistema digital y la “transparencia” del siglo XXI frente a la protección del derecho a la privacidad de la información personal, en escenarios de pluralismo tecnológico e informacional donde se requiere de la gobernanza integral de los datos por parte de los diferentes operadores y organizaciones privadas y públicas, la cuales están llamadas a implementar políticas de privacidad incluyentes y proteccionistas, tanto en el entorno físico como en el ámbito de Internet, así como la interacción social y el desarrollo humano económico y político en el marco de una economía globalizada.Así mismo, este abordaje temático hace un acercamiento al régimen jurídico de la protección de los datos personales en Colombia, el cual reviste de algunos mecanismos de seguridad y vigilancia de la información que identifica a sus ciudadanos, pero a la vez, son insuficientes frente a la era tecnológica, donde existe el Big Data o gran volumen de datos en plataformas de información sin un verdadero control que permita establecer límites al tratamiento de estos que conlleva a la individualización, identificación y perfilación, de las personas con fines económicos y sin la responsabilidad por el inadecuado uso de los servicios digitales que pone en riesgo la vida privada.
El aumento de la escolarización en América Latina. Retos en contextos de exclusión social
Authors: Ibagón Martín Nilson Javier , Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin
Published: November 2018

Durante las últimas tres décadas América Latina ha avanzado significativamente en el aumento de las tasas de cobertura educativa. Proceso que para algunos sectores políticos ha sido una conquista que asegura una mayor equidad e igualdad social en la región. El presente escrito analiza críticamente este postulado a partir de dos ejes de discusión: el aumento de las brechas sociales entre los más ricos y pobres, vía calidad educativa y la falta del aseguramiento de condiciones de educabilidad que acompañen integralmente las políticas de ampliación de la matrícula.
La narcogangsterización de la música popular
Authors: Luján Villar Juan David , Luján Villar Roberto Carlos
Published: November 2018

La música popular de explícito contenido narcogangster se caracteriza por su violenta expresividad aunada a una estética particular (en el marco de diferentes actuaciones tipificadas). A nivel metodológico este trabajo plantea la caracterización de los principales modos de representación de este fenómeno masivo, a partir de la indagación semiótica de algunos videos de importancia mundial. Los resultados indican que nexos entre el tráfico de drogas, las prácticas de consumo ostentoso, la incitación a la violencia y la dionisiaca idea de dar rienda suelta a los deseos se establecen como telón de fondo a estos discursos sonoro-estéticos. Se discute la comprensión de este proceso en la música popular como una violenta y exitosa tendencia en extensión a nivel mediático.
To the species structure of predatory phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) of state reserve “Elanetskyi Step”
Authors: Bondarev V. Yu.
Published: November 2018

As material for this work the gatherings of the author executed in 2016 year. On 43 species of plants 85 samples in which 249 copies of phytoseiid mites are revealed are taken. For the statistical analysis used an occurrence index (P1, %) and an index of domination of Paliya-Kovnatski (Di). Species structure of predatory phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in plant associations of state reserve "Elanetskyi step" (Mykolaiv region, Ukraine) were studied at the first time. 21 species of 7 genera of the family are detected (A. andersoni, A. herbarius, A. maior, N. marginatus, N. reductus, N. tauricus, E. finlandicus, D. echinus, T. tiliarum, P. intermixtus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans, A. rapida, A. pirianykae, A. recki, A. verrucosa, A. spectata, T. cotoneastri, T. laurae, T. tiliae). Frequency of occurrence and fidelity to different types of plant communities for each species of mites were determined. Amlydromella (s. str.) recki, the most common species, was with occurrence index 35.3%. The species Amblydromella (s. str.) rapida, Amblydromella (Litoseia) spectata, and Paraseiulus intermixtus were the rare species (one specimen of each species was presented at collections). Amblydromella (s. str.) recki was the dominant in the complex of plant-feeding predatory mites. Three species, A. pirianykae, A. andersoni and E. finlandicus, were the subdominants. Typhlodromus cotoneastri was the subdominant of the first order. The remaining 16 species were the secondary members of the complex.
On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures
Authors: Shumov S. N.
Published: November 2018

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.
Solid-to-liquid extraction and HPLC/UV determination of amygdalin of seeds of apple (Malus pumila Mill): Comparison between traditional-solvent and microwave methodologies
Authors: Gómez Castaño Jovanny Arles , Amaya Salcedo Juan Camilo , Cardenas Gónzalez Oswaldo Eliecer
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo se evalúa la eficiencia en la extracción del glucósido cianogénico amigdalina de semillas de manzanas (Malus pumila Mill) empleando las técnicas tradicionales con solventes de reflujo y Soxleth, las cuales son comparadas con la técnica más contemporánea de microondas. Las eficiencias de extracción son determinadas a través de cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia (HPLC) empleando un método estandarizado que requiere tiempos de retención de alrededor de 1 minuto. La mejor separación cromatográfica es obtenida con el método de reflujo; sin embargo, la eficiencia de separación total más alta es alcanzada empleando la técnica de microondas, la cual requiere de solo un 10% del tiempo total y solventes necesarios en las extracciones por reflujo y Soxhlet. En contraste, la mayor cantidad de extraída de amigdalina de las semillas es obtenida con la técnica de Soxhlet, la cual corresponde al triple y al doble de las cantidades que logran ser extraídas con las metodologías de reflujo y microondas respectivamente. La pureza e identificación estructural de la amigdalina extraída es verificada espectroscópicamente usando las técnicas de UV-vis, RMN (1H and 13C) y FTIR.
Soil humidity and evapotranspiration under three coffee (Coffea arabica L.) planting densities at Naranjal experimental station (Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia)
Authors: Bermúdez- Flórez Leidy Natalia , Cartagena-Valenzuela José Régulo , Ramírez- Builes Víctor Hugo
Published: November 2018

El café es un cultivo dependiente del agua disponible en el suelo, bien sea a través de la lluvia o del riego, ya que ésta tiene un marcado efecto en la productividad y la distribución de la cosecha. Conocer el efecto de la distancia entre plantas sobre el comportamiento de la humedad en el suelo y el consumo de agua, influye en las prácticas agronómicas del sistema productivo del café, entre ellas: la densidad de siembra, la fertilización, y las épocas de siembra. El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Naranjal ubicada en Chinchiná (Caldas, Colombia) a 04° 58’ N, 75° 39’ O; 1,381 m de altitud y tuvo como objetivos conocer el comportamiento de la humedad en un Andisol sembrado con café en tres densidades de siembra, estimar la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) y evaluar la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc). La humedad del suelo se midió con una sonda de capacitancia de 100 cm con sensores espaciados cada 10 cm. La humedad en el perfil del suelo varió con la densidad de siembra y entre los periodos secos y húmedos considerados. La ETo y la ETc fueron influenciadas por las condiciones de clima, siendo mayores en la época seca y menores en la época de lluvias. La densidad de siembra afectó las propiedades hidráulicas del suelo. No obstante, por la capacidad de almacenar agua que caracteriza a los Andisoles, las plantas tuvieron agua disponible aún en las épocas secas. La sonda de capacitancia mostró ser un instrumento efectivo para el estudio del comportamiento del agua en los suelos de la región cafetera de Colombia, especialmente aquellos sensibles a las limitaciones ocasionadas por el déficit hídrico como producto de la variabilidad climática actual y futura.
Fitoextracción de cadmio con hierba mora (Solanum nigrum L.) en suelos cultivados con cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Ramirez Pisco Ramiro , Giraldo Jiménez Daniela , Barrera Cruz Dairo
Published: November 2018

La fitoextracción con plantas como hierba mora (Solanum nigrum L.) es una alternativa importante para la rehabilitación de suelos contaminados con cadmio (Cd). Esta especie, reconocida como hiperacumuladora, tiene capacidad para tolerar y crecer en suelos con altas concentraciones de este microelemento y constituye una alternativa de interés para los cultivadores de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Con el propósito de enfrentar la restricción para la comercialización de productos agrícolas que genera este elemento, se evaluó la respuesta de S. nigrum a las concentraciones de Cd: 0, 5 y 10 mg/kg en el suelo. Se halló una alta correlación entre los contenidos del elemento en el suelo y su acumulación en la planta, incrementando (P < 0.05) el área foliar (r2 =0.63), la biomasa de la planta (r2 = 0.63) y biomasa tanto en raíz (r2 = 0.74) como en tallo (r2 = 0.47) y hojas (r2 =0.68). Por tanto, S. nigrum L. constituye una alternativa en procesos de fitoextracción de este metal, ya que es una planta de rápido crecimiento, con bajas exigencias ambientales y alta capacidad de adaptación.
Respuesta del cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) variedad Hass a la aplicación de nitrato de potasio
Authors: Guerrero-Polanco Federico , Alejo-Santiago Gelacio , Sánchez Hernández Rufo , Bugarín-Montoya Rubén , Aburto-González Circe Aidín , Isiordia-Aquino Nestor
Published: November 2018

En la comunidad de la Fortuna, municipio de Tepic, Nayarit. México, ubicada en las coordenadas 21º 33’ N y 104º 57’ O, con una precipitación promedio anual, de 1300 - 1450 mm se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de nitrógeno (N) utilizando nitrato de potasio (KNO3) en la producción de fruto y el volumen de copa en el cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) variedad Hass. La evaluación se realizó durante 1 año a partir de septiembre de 2014. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en bloques al azar con diez repeticiones y arreglo factorial 4 x 2, donde el factor A consistió en las dosis de KNO3: 230, 460 y 690 g por árbol más un testigo sin aplicación. El factor B consistió en la aplicación de riego en las condiciones normales de temporal (época de lluvia) en la región. Las concentraciones foliares de N y K fueron determinadas en las diferentes etapas fenológicas del cultivo. La producción de frutos, la extracción N y K en fruto (g), y el volumen de copa (m3) del árbol fueron determinada en el momento de cosecha. Estas variables presentaron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) tanto en condiciones de temporal como de riego, siendo la dosis de KNO3 de 690 g/árbol la que presentó los valores más altos. El incremento en producción fue de 59% y 73%, respectivamente, en comparación con el testigo; el efecto fue mayor en el sistema de riego lo cual indica que el nitrógeno y el potasio son más dinámicos en el sistema suelo-planta cuando hay disponibilidad de humedad. En este sistema se observó una correlación positiva entre la concentración foliar de N y K y la mayor producción.
Propiedades físicas de suelos en pasturas de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú en el distrito de Jasy Cañy, Paraguay
Authors: Colmán Ribelatto Patricia Juana , Marques Genú Aline , Campos Lustosa Sebastião Brasil , Pott Cristiano André
Published: November 2018

La producción de leche tiene un alto impacto en la economía paraguaya, no obstante en muchos casos está siendo desarrollada sobre pasturas degradadas debido a la falta de manejo adecuado, lo que afecta las condiciones físicas de los suelos y consecuentemente la sostenibilidad de la producción animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los atributos físicos de suelos utilizados con pasturas de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú. El estudio fue realizado en cuatro fincas localizadas en el distrito de Jasy Cañy-Canindeyú, Paraguay, con tiempos de uso variables: 20,10, 15 y 25 años. Para las evaluaciones de los atributos físicos, las muestras de suelo fueron recolectadas entre 0 y 5, 5 y 10 y 10 y 15 cm de profundidad, con cinco repeticiones. Como parámetros fueron determinados la densidad aparente, la porosidad total, la macro- y la microporosidad, la porosidad en el dominio de los macroporos, la capacidad de almacenamiento de agua y de aire y la resistencia a la penetración. Los resultados mostraron que los suelos de las áreas estudiadas no presentaron restricciones físicas para el crecimiento de las plantas, con excepción de los suelos en la finca 4 donde se identificaron bajos valores de macroporosidad.
BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TWO MARINE SPONGES (Haliclona oculata AND Amphius huxleyi) COLLECTED AT THE LANG CO BAY OF VIETNAM
Authors: Dat Ton That Huu , Cuong Pham Viet , Dung Tran Thi Dung , Huyen Vu Thi Thu , Cuc Nguyen Thi Kim
Published: November 2018

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are ancient sedentary and filter-feeding animals which harbour very diverse and abundant associated microbial community in their tissues with density up to 40–50% of sponge tissue volume. In this study, the diversity of associated microorganisms with two marine sponges Haliclona oculata and Amphius huxleyi collected at the Lang Co bay of Vietnam was assessed by analysis of hypervariable V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq system. The taxonomic diversity of sponge-associated microorganisms was classified to different taxonomic levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, and genus). Based on Bayesian classification method and reference sequences derived from Greengenes database, the associated microorganisms in studied sponges were assigned to 17 phyla (H. oculata) and 13 phyla (A. huxleyi). Many microbial taxa were detected in two sponge species, however, they were distinctive by the abundance. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in both sponge species, and all of 4 classes Epsilonproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria were found in H. oculata and A. huxleyi.
OPTIMISATION OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING DESIGN IN LOWER OLIGOCENE RESERVOIR, KINH NGU TRANG OILFIELD
Authors: Truong Nguyen Huu
Published: November 2018

Kinh Ngu Trang oilfield is of the block 09-2/09 offshore Vietnam, which is located in the Cuu Long basin, the distance from that field to Port of Vung Tau is around 140 km and it is about 14 km from the north of Rang Dong oilfield of the block 15.2, and around 50 km from the east of White Tiger in the block 09.1. That block accounts for total area of 992 km2 with the average water depth of around 50 m to 70 m. The characteristic of Oligocene E reservoir is tight oil in sandstone, very complicated with complex structure. Therefore, the big challenges in this reservoir are the low permeability and the low porosity of around 0.2 md to less than 1 md and 1% to less than 13%, respectively, leading to very low fracture conductivity among the fractures. Through the Minifrac test for reservoir with reservoir depth from 3,501 mMD to 3,525 mMD, the total leak-off coefficient and fracture closure pressure were determined as 0.005 ft/min0.5 and 9,100 psi, respectively. To create new fracture dimensions, hydraulic fracturing stimulation has been used to stimulate this reservoir, including proppant selection and fluid selection, pump power requirement. In this article, the authors present optimisation of hydraulic fracturing design using unified fracture design, the results show that optimum fracture dimensions include fracture half-length, fracture width and fracture height of 216 m, 0.34 inches and 31 m, respectively when using proppant mass of 150,000 lbs of 20/40 ISP Carbolite Ceramic proppant.
THE RELEVANCE OF REEF RESTORATION IN THE CONTINUALLY CHANGING MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF SINGAPORE
Authors: Chou Loke Ming , Sam Shu Qin , Toh Tai Chong , Ng Chin Soon Lionel
Published: November 2018

Singapore’s marine environment has changed significantly over the past five decades through coastal modification and intense human activities. More than 60% of its coral reefs have been lost to land reclamation and the remaining reefs remain exposed to increased sedimentation. Reef restoration to address habitat loss and degradation is considered viable under the changing environmental conditions based on the persisting annual coral mass spawning events, active recruitment, high species diversity and recovery from mass bleaching impacts. These ecological attributes indicate that reef ecosystem integrity is still functioning and restoration measures are relevant. An analysis of past and ongoing restoration initiatives indicates their effectiveness in improving degraded reefs as well as establishing new reef communities on modified coasts.
Hopping conductivity in a system with ZnS crystal lattice by non-constant force field molecular dynamics
Authors: Raskovalov Anton A.
Published: November 2018

In the paper non-constant force field molecular dynamics was used to study conductivity behavior on ZnS crystal lattice. The considered conductivity provided by electron hopping between localization centers placed randomly according to ZnS geometry. It was shown that the conductivity behavior depends on the maximal hopping distance. For the small distances the conductivity passes through the maximum around equimolar concentrations of electron donors and acceptors. Increasing in the maximal hopping distance leads to increasing in conductivity values and change shape of its concentration dependence.
Numerical analysis of fluid–rock interactions in hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Mahdavian Davood , Javadi Akbar
Published: November 2018

Hydraulic fracturing is a process of fluid injection, which creates tensile stresses in rock in order to overcome the tensile strength of the rock. In this study, a three-phase hydro-mechanical model is developed for simulating hydraulic fracturing. The three phases include: porous solid, fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid. Two numerical simulators are coupled together to model multiphase fluid flow in fractured rock undergoing deformations, ranging from linear elastic to large, non-linear inelastic deformations. The fluid flow model involves solving the Navier–Stokes equations using the finite-volume method. The flow model is coupled with the geomechanics model to simulate the interaction between fluid flow inside the fractures with rock deformations. For any time step, the pore pressures from the flow model are used as input for the geomechanics model for the determination of stresses, strains and displacements. The strains derived from the geomechanics model are in turn used to calculate changes to the reservoir parameters that are fed as input to the flow model. This iterative process continues until both models are converged. A parametric study is conducted and the results show that changes in rock mechanical properties as well as fluid parameters could lead to significant changes in the hydraulic fracture propagation.
OBEZ OLAN VE OLMAYAN POLİKİSTİK OVER SENDROMLU KADINLARDA İNSULİN REZİSTANSI VE İNSULİN REZİSTANSININ HORMONEL PARAMETRELERLE KORELASYONU
Authors: SÜT Hasan , TERECE Cem , ARİNKAN Sevcan Arzu , MUHCU Murat
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Obez olan ve olmayan polikistik over sendromlu
(PKOS) kadınlarda insulin rezistansı ve insulin rezistansının hormonel
parametrelerle korelasyonunu araştırmayı amaçladık.Materyal Metod: Polikliniğe başvuran, 21 ile 40 yaşları arasında klinik ve endokrinolojik özelliklerine
dayanılarak PKOS tanısı konulan ve çalışma şartlarını sağlayan 78 hasta çalışmaya
dahil edildi. PKOS tanısı Rotterdam yeniden gözden geçirilmiş tanı
kriterlerine göre konuldu. Hastalar, obez olanlar (Vücut Kitle İndeksi 25 üzerinde
olanlar) ve Obez olmayanlar (Vücut Kitle İndeksi 25 altında olanlar) olarak iki
grupta incelendiBulgular: Obez olan grupta bakılan QUİCKİ ve
Açlık glukoz / Açlık insulin düzeyleri anlamlı düsük, HOMA-İR anlamlı olarak yüksek
saptandı. Obez olan grupta LH düzeyi ve LH / FSH oranının HOMA-IR ve QUİCKİ ile
korele olduğu saptandı. Obez olmayan grupta LH / FSH oranının HOMA-IR ve QUİCKİ
ile korele olduğu ve yine obez olmayan grupta total testosteron düzeyinin
QUİCKİ ile korele olduğu saptandı. FSH düzeyinin insulin rezistansı ile korele
olmadığı görüldü.Sonuç: PKOS lu tüm hastaların insülin
rezistansı açısından taranmasını önermekteyiz. Obez olan PKOS lu hastalarda LH
düzeyinin insulin rezistansını öngörmede önemli olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.