bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled synthesis of alumina using trialkylaluminum as starting materials
Authors: Ziemkowska Wanda , Basiak Dariusz , Kunicki Antoni , Zawada Aneta , Kurtycz Patrycja , Olszyna Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Morphologically controlled production of nanomaterials is very important in material chemistry because of the strong influence of materials' structure on their characteristics. In this paper, alumina with various morphologies were synthesized using Me3Al and Et3Al as starting materials. Aluminum trialkyls were transformed into precursors upon exposure to air with relative humidity of 0–90% and then thermally decomposed yielding white alumina powders. Depending on the starting R3Al and conditions of precursor synthesis, aluminum oxide was obtained in the form of separated or agglomerated spherical nanoparticles, porous sponge-like material, worms- and wool balls-like particles. Structural data such as specific surface area, average particle size and average pore size of alumina obtained from Me3Al were significantly different than those of alumina synthesized from Et3Al. This simple method allows for the production of aluminum oxide without any traces of other metals, which is important for application in electronics. The reaction course of R3Al with dioxygen and air moisture and composition of alumina precursors have been discussed.
Novel preparation and spectral investigation of monometallic transition metal Schiff base complexes (Zn, Cu, Mn, Co) as bacteria and fungus inhibitors
Authors: Pervaiz M. , Yousaf M. , Sagir M. , Naz M.Y. , Mushtaq M. , Ullah S. , Chatha S.A.S.
Published: December 2019

In this research, a series of monometallic complexes has been employed individually against a series of bacterial and fungal strains just to check the enhanciablity of biological activities of the synthesized monometallic complexes when compared with the parental synthesized ligand derived by the condensation reaction of phenyl hydrazine with salicylaldehyde (2-hydroxylphenylidene-N-phenylamino-imine). The bacterial strains used were Escheria coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus Subbtilis and Escheria coli. Similarly, fungal strains used were Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus flavus for the purpose to check the capability of the compound 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as antibactrial and antifungicides. The results showed that the monometallic complexes are more effective against bacterial and fungal strains than the ligand. The lignad was further reacted indvidually with series of transition metals including Zn (II), Co (II), Mn (II) and Cu (II) (Bis(2-[-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenolato)M(II)) where M = Zn, Co, Mn, Cu. The ligand was analysed by different spectroscopic tools as FT-IR, MS and NMR while the complexes were characterized by FT-IR and XRD.
Determination of tramadol, morphine, nalbuphine and naltrexone analgesic drugs using potassium permanganate by visible spectrophotometry
Authors: El-Didamony Akram M. , Saad Monir Z. , Saleem Nora O.
Published: December 2019

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of four analgesic drugs namely, tramadol (TRAM), morphine (MORF), nalbuphine (NALB) and naltrexone (NALT) in bulk sample and in dosage forms is described. The method is based on oxidation of the studied drugs by potassium permanganate in acidic medium and determination of the unreacted oxidant by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of indigo carmine (IC) dye at 610 nm. Under the optimum conditions, Beer's law limit, molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were calculated. The limits of detection and quantification were also reported. Statistical evaluation of the method was examined by determining an intra-day and inter-day precisions. The method was successfully applied to the assay of drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common additives and the validity of the method was tested.
Effect of Propolis as a food additive on the growth rate of the beneficial bacteria
Authors: Saddiq Amna A. , Danial Enas N.
Published: December 2019

Propolis has been used as a medicinal agent to treat infections and promote wound healing for centuries. The aim of the present study was to test the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and probiotic activities of a commercial Saudi Arabian propolis (SAP) and analyze its chemical composition. The antimicrobial activity was tested against the pathogenic microbes Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The best results were found for Klebsiella pneumonia (32 mm). The ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) has high sequestrating activity for the free radical DPPH. The water extract showed positive activity toward probiotic bacteria. In GCMS of EEP, nine new compounds were found, among which were two isoflavones. Our results showed that the propolis has biological active compounds that had never been reported in other types of Saudi Arabian propolis.
The reactions of Me2AsS2Na·2H2O and Me2As(S)-S-AsMe2 with Cu(II) and Tl(III): Reaction products and probable mechanisms
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V.
Published: December 2019

The reaction of Me2AsS2Na·2H2O with CuCl2·2H2O and Cu(AcO)2·H2O gave the complex Me2AsS2Cu but with Tl(AcO)3 gave (Me2AsS2)3Tl, while the reaction of Bunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me2As(S)-S-AsMe2, with Cu(AcO)2·H2O and Tl(AcO)3 gave Me2AsS2Cu and Me2AsS2Tl. Identification of the by-products by TLC and 1H NMR lead to probable mechanisms for these reactions postulating two novel radicals: Me2As(S)-S• and (Me2As = S)•.
Synthesis and characterization of new thiourea derivatives	substituted 1,10-phenanthroline and crown ether
Authors: Elmali Fikriye Tuncel , Avciata Ulvi , Demirhan Nebahat
Published: December 2019

New organic compounds that could serve as ligands for metals or in supramolecular assemblies were prepared by combining various amines and isothionates. This resulted in the new thiourea derivatives: 5,6-bis[aminoanilinomethanethione][1,10] phenanthroline (1), 1,2-bis[aminobenzo(15-crown-5)]-15-ylaminomethanethionebenzene (2), 5,6-bis[aminobenzo(15-crown-5)]-15-ylaminomethanethione[1,10]phenanthroline (3), and N-[1,10-phenanthroline]-N`-[[benzo-15-crown-5] yl]thiourea (4). The structures and compositions of the compounds have been confirmed by elemental analyses, UV-vis, FTIR, $^{1}$ H NMR (DMSO-d $_{6}$ ), $^{13}$ C NMR (DMSO-d $_{6}$ ) and MS spectra.
Synthesis of 2,5-bis(phosphinoylmethyl)- and	2,5-bis(thiophosphinoylmethyl)-thiophenes
Authors: Camus Jean-Michel , Pailloux Sylvie , Shirima Cornel Edicome , Paine Robert T.
Published: December 2019

The 2,5-bis(phosphinoylmethyl)-thiophenes [(Oct)(EtO)P(O)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S and [(Ph)(EtO)P(O)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S are obtained from the appropriate phosphites, RP(OEt) $_{2}$ (R=Oct, Ph) and (BrCH $_{2})_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S by using Arbusov reaction conditions. The analog [(Oct) $_{2}$ P(O)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S is more conveniently obtained via the reaction of the phosphono-Grignard reagent (Oct) $_{2}$ P(O)MgBr and (BrCH $_{2})_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S. An improved alternate Arbusov synthesis of the known [Ph $_{2}$ P(O)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S is described along with its conversion to [Ph $_{2}$ P(S)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S via Lawesson chemistry. The new compounds are characterized by MS, IR and NMR methods, and the molecular structures of [Ph $_{2}$ P(O)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S and [Ph $_{2}$ P(S)CH $_{2}$ ] $_{2}$ C $_{4}$ H $_{2}$ S have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods.
Using fluorescence quenching of single walled carbon nanotubes with metal ions as a probe of surfactant$\ctdot$SWNT interactions
Authors: Brege Jonathan J. , Barron Andrew R.
Published: December 2019

The treatment of SDS-SWNTs with the Group 2 metal ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ causes quenching of the SWNT's fluorescence in the same manner but to a lesser extent (lower Ksv) as they quench SDBS surfacted nanotubes. In contrast, the quenching with the Group 12 metal ions Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ does not follow a simple Stern-Volmer behavior. Instead, two effects are observed. First, the different chirality nanotube's emission wavelengths are shifted by all Group 12 metals but to varying degrees. Second, the corrected decreases in fluorescence intensity is only affected above a critical concentration of metal ion, [M2+]c, at which there is a steep change in fluorescence intensity, then above this concentration there is no significant further reduction in fluorescence intensity. There is a distinct relationship between the identity of the metal ion and the critical concentration: [Zn2+]c > [Cd2+]c > [Hg2+]c. The differentiation between SDBS- and SDS-surfacted SWNTs can be rationalized by a consideration of the relative hardness of the metal ions and the sulfonate and sulfate “ligands”, in particular, the structure of the SDS-SWNT conjugate is overcome by the addition of the Group 12 metal but not by Group 2 metals.
Synthesis and characterization of aluminum complexes incorporating Schiff base ligands derived from pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde
Authors: Azpeitia Hugo F. Saucedo , Cortes-Llamas Sara A. , Vengoechea-Gómez Fabio A. , Rufino-Felipe Ernesto , Crespo-Velasco Natalie T. , Muñoz-Hernández Miguel-Ángel
Published: December 2019

The reaction of 1,2-Ethylendiamine-N,N′-bis(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene (L1H), 1,2-benzenediamine-N,N′-bis(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene (L2H) and 3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-benzenediamine-N,N′-bis(1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene (L3H) with one equivalent of AlR2R′ (R = alkyl, R′ = alkyl, Cl) in toluene afforded the monometallic complexes [LAlR′] (1–12). All the complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 11 were characterized bya single-crystal X-ray structural analyses. Due to the rigidity imposed by the ligand, 1, 3 and 4, with an ethylene “backbone” connecting the two nitrogens, adopt a severely distorted tbp geometry (av. χ = 0.68). On the other hand 6, 7 and 11, with a phenylene backbone, adopt an intermediate tbp-sqp geometry (av. χ = 0.43). The study of the X-ray crystal structures suggests that, like group 13 Salen complexes, flexible bridges between the two imine groups favor a tbp geometry while more rigid backbones, like phenylene rings, lead to an intermediate sqp and tbp geometry. Based on the χ geometrical parameter for previously reported aluminum complexes with Schiff base ligands and those presented herein, it is possible to propose that upon the coordination geometries of five coordinated aluminum complexes are less tbp distorted (χ ≈ 1) the catalytic activity on ROP increases.
Synthesis and characterization of 1-aza-4-oxa-7-thiacyclononane: A novel azacrown heterocycle
Authors: Dopke Joel A. , Hugdahl Jeffrey D. , Klausmeyer Kevin K. , Brill Matthew P. , Jaremkoĩ Daniel S.
Published: December 2019

The heterocycle 1-aza-4-oxa-7-thiacyclononane ([9]aneNOS, 5) was prepared from the intermediate N-p-toluenesulfonyl-1-aza-4-oxa-7-thiacyclononane (3) upon its deprotection via Na/Hg amalgam. The byproduct, N,N′-bis-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-1,13-diaza-7,16-dioxa-4,10-dithiacylododecane (4), was also isolated from the pot mixture of 3. Compound 5 was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The reaction of 5 with Ni(BF4)2·6 H2O in methanol produced the sandwich complex ([9]aneNOS)2Ni(BF4)2, 6, which was characterized by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical, in vitro antimicrobial and DNA cleavage studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 2-oxo-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde
Authors: Narayanachar  , Dhumwad Shreedhar D.
Published: December 2019

A series of novel Schiff bases derived from 2-oxo-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde with ortho-phenylene diamine (o-phen) and nitro-ortho-phenylene diamine (nitro-o-phen) and its corresponding transition metal complexes were synthesized, characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, Mass, UV-Vis, Fluorescence, ESR and TGA) and magnetic studies. The results were found that all the metal complexes possess octahedral geometry. The measured molar conductance values in DMF solution indicates that the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. The redox behavior of metal complexes are investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by MIC method. The DNA cleavage studies showed the cleavage of DNA by the agarose gel electrophoresis method.
The use of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3ċ5H2O, and bismuth subnitrate monohydrate, BiO(NO3)ċH2O, for the preparation of tris(arylthio)bismuthines
Authors: Ioannou P.V.
Published: December 2019

The reaction of para-substituted thiophenols with Bi(NO3)3ċ5H2O and BiO(NO3)ċH2O was studied. The nitrate was more reactive than the subnitrate, and was a convenient bismuth compound for the preparation of trithiolates, Bi(SAr)3. Thiols having electron withdrawing groups seem to be more reactive than those with electron donating groups. The thiolato groups in Bi(SAr)3 can migrate to Bi(NO3)3ċ5H2O thus giving (ArS)2Bi(NO3), but the monothiolate product, ArS-Bi(NO3)2, decomposed evolving NO2. Bi(III) complexes with some aromatic thiols of probable biochemical interest are also described.
The effect of vibration therapy on spasticity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Katusic Ana , Alimovic Sonja , Mejaski-Bosnjak Vlatka
Published: December 2019

As the motor system relies heavily on deep sensory stimulation, recent studies have investigated the effect of vibration stimuli. Although research suggests a positive influence of vibration on motor performance in individuals with neurological disorders, there are very limited numbers of studies in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sound wave vibration therapy on spasticity and motor function in children with CP.

In this 3-month trial, 89 children with spastic CP were randomized to either continue their physiotherapy treatment (PT) or to receive vibration therapy twice a week in addition to their PT program. The randomization was stratified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level to ensure similar functional ability. Children were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention period. The outcomes measured were spasticity level as assessed by Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) and gross motor function as assessed by Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM-88). Subgroup analysis was performed for the GMFCS.

Significant differences between groups were detected for changes in spasticity level and gross motor function after the three months intervention.

In conclusion, vibration therapy may decrease spasticity and improve motor performance in children with CP. The results of the present trial serve as valuable input for evidence-based treatments in paediatric neurorehabilitation.
Sexuality after traumatic brain injury: A critical review
Authors: Moreno Jhon Alexander , Arango Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Gan Caron , McKerral Michelle
Published: December 2019

Brain injury can directly and indirectly affect important aspects related to sexuality and sexual function. In this critical review of the literature, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sexuality are examined. A general review of the concept of sexuality and the neurological correlates of sexual function are proposed as a framework to understand the cognitive, behavioral and physical effects of TBI on sexuality and sexual function. Studies are then classified according to the participants enrolled and findings are presented from the professional's, the survivor's, the patient/partner's, and the non-injured spouse's perspectives. Results are discussed taking into account methodological limitations and knowledge gaps. Next, implications for sexual rehabilitation for individuals with TBI are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research and their pertinence for improving rehabilitation outcomes are considered.
Community-based group exercise for persons with Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Combs Stephanie A. , Diehl M. Dyer , Chrzastowski Casey , Didrick Nora , McCoin Brittany , Mox Nicholas , Staples William H. , Wayman Jessica
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare group boxing training to traditional group exercise on function and quality of life in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). A convenience sample of adults with PD ( n = 31) were randomly assigned to boxing training or traditional exercise for 24–36 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, over 12 weeks. Boxing training included: stretching, boxing (e.g. lateral foot work, punching bags), resistance exercises, and aerobic training. Traditional exercise included: stretching, resistance exercises, aerobic training, and balance activities. Participants were tested before and after completion of training on balance, balance confidence, mobility, gait velocity, gait endurance, and quality of life. The traditional exercise group demonstrated significantly greater gains in balance confidence than the boxing group ( p < 0.025). Only the boxing group demonstrated significant improvements in gait velocity and endurance over time with a medium between-group effect size for the gait endurance ( d = 0.65). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements with the balance, mobility, and quality of life with large within-group effect sizes ( d ≥ 0.80). While groups significantly differed in balance confidence after training, both groups demonstrated improvements in most outcome measures. Supporting options for long-term community-based group exercise for persons with PD will be an important future consideration for rehabilitation professionals.
Differential language trajectories following treatment for pediatric posterior fossa tumor: An investigation of four cases
Authors: Lewis Fiona M. , Murdoch Bruce E.
Published: December 2019

Up to 85% of children treated for brain tumor survive beyond five years; hence optimizing quality of life in survivorship has become a priority. As multiple factors contribute to the heterogeneity of neurocognitive and language outcomes for individual children following treatment, a means of monitoring subsequent development is needed for the individual child, particularly when pre-morbid performance indices are not available. The current study investigated the use of developmental language trajectories as a means of monitoring language development subsequent to treatment for tumors located within the posterior fossa. The language skills of four children treated for posterior fossa tumor (PFT) were monitored over time (range of monitoring: 2–6 years) and the resultant trajectories were plotted against the trajectories based on tests' normative data as well as the trajectories of control children drawn from each child's local community. Each child's trajectory was considered in terms of age-appropriate developmental gains and discussed regarding the need for ongoing clinical monitoring of emerging, developing or established language skills. The study's findings highlight the heterogeneity of language outcomes following PFT. The utility of the application of developmental trajectories for the provision of individualized post-treatment support is discussed.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in left versus right middle cerebral artery stroke: Effects of laterality
Authors: San Luis Christa O'Hana V. , Staff Ilene , Ollenschleger Martin D. , Fortunato Gilbert J. , McCullough Louise D.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Prolonged dysphagia after middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory strokes may require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube feeding.

Objective:

We examined the predictors of PEG placement among patients with MCA stroke. It was hypothesized that stroke laterality was a predictor.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of existing data from Hartford Hospital Stroke Database was done. A total of 157 patients with acute ischemic MCA stroke were included. Patients were divided into the “PEG” group (n = 24) and “no PEG” group (n = 133). Existing demographic, clinical and swallowing data were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

Demographic data were similar between the groups. The “PEG” group had a higher admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, higher proportion of patients who had thrombolytic administration, in- hospital aspiration pneumonia and inability to be assessed on first swallow evaluation. Multivariate analysis revealed that all, except thrombolytic administration may predict PEG placement.

Conclusion:

Admission NIHSS score, in-hospital aspiration pneumonia and inability to undergo first swallow evaluation may predict PEG placement in patients with acute MCA stroke. Stroke laterality was not associated. This knowledge facilitates early identification of patients that may require PEG tube placement for early nutrition provision and discharge to rehabilitation.
Effectiveness of an intensive rehabilitation treatment on different Parkinson's disease subtypes
Authors: Frazzitta Giuseppe , Abbruzzese Giovanni , Bertotti Gabriella , Boveri Natalia , Pezzoli Gianni , Maestri Roberto
Published: December 2019

Goal and objectives:

Parkinsonian patients can be classified in two main subgroups: tremor dominant and akinetic-rigid. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intensive rehabilitation treatment has the same efficacy in the two subtypes.

Material and methods:

Patients were classified according to tremor: 65 patients with absence of tremor in “on” and “off” state were assigned to Group_1 and 65 patients with tremor were assigned to Group_2. All patients underwent a 4-week intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment. The primary outcome measures were: the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II, III, UPDRS akinetic-rigid score and UPDRS tremor score. The secondary outcome measures were: the Berg Balance Scale, 6-minute walking test, self-assessment Parkinson's Disease Disability Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire.

Results:

Patients in Group_1 tended to be more affected than patients in Group_2 by dyskinesias (45% vs 29% p = 0.069) and freezing (46% vs 29%, p = 0.046). Levodopa-equivalent dosages were higher in Group_1 (802 vs 670 mg/day, p = 0.008). Considering the effect of rehabilitation, an homogeneous improvement was observed in all variables in both groups of patients (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Intensive rehabilitation treatment is effective in improving motor performance in both groups. The anatomical and biochemical differences existing between the two subgroups appear to not determine different clinical outcomes.
Reliability of the Turkish version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in the people with traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Paker Nurdan , Bugdayci Derya , Midik Melike , Celik Berna , Kesiktas Nur
Published: December 2019

Background:

Emotional problems are common in spinal cord injury (SCI). Self report questionnaires are easy and useful for screening the emotional status in clinical practice.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as well as to investigate the frequency of anxiety and depression in a group with SCI admitted to the outpatient clinic of a rehabilitation hospital.

Methods:

One hundred seventy-five persons with traumatic SCI were included in this study. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and HADS were used for assessments.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 35 ± 13 years, and the mean time elapsed since injury was 13 ± 29 months. The mean motor FIM score was 41 ± 21. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90 and 0.77 for the anxiety and depression subscales of the HADS, respectively. Forty percent of the participants had anxiety and 28% had depression. Anxiety was positively correlated with time since injury (r = 0.2). Depression was negatively correlated with the education level (r = 0.25), and positively correlated with age (r = 0.17). There was a positive correlation with completeness and anxiety and depression (r = 0.49, r = 0.55).

Conclusion:

The Turkish version of the HADS is a reliable psychological screening test for anxiety and depression in people with SCI. Rehabilitation team should gather maximum information about the emotional status of the person with SCI, and plan the appropriate treatment for anxiety and depression.
A comparison of health behaviors between African Americans with spinal cord injury and those in the general population
Authors: Saunders Lee L. , Ekoja Ene , Whitlock Chelsea S. , DiPiro Nicole D. , Gregory-Bass Rosalind , Krause James S.
Published: December 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to identify whether protective and risk health behaviors are more common among African Americans with spinal cord injury (SCI) compared with African Americans in the general population.

Methods:

Mail-in surveys were collected from 252 adult participants with SCI. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2009 was downloaded.

Results:

Participants with SCI were more likely to report currently smoking. Among those who reported currently smoking, persons with SCI were less likely to report ever trying to quit. Those with SCI were also more likely to report consuming alcohol and binge drinking in the past month. Participants with SCI were more likely to receive a flu shot/spray in the past year and to have ever received a pneumonia vaccine. Conversely, those with SCI were less likely to report ever having their blood cholesterol checked.

Conclusions:

Results of this study suggest that, consistent with previous research, individuals with SCI focused their preventive health behaviors on conditions consistent with SCI prophylactic standard of care (e.g., flu shots and pneumonia vaccines), as compared to behaviors intended to prevent chronic diseases consistent with the overall population.
Caregiver burden, quality of life and walking ability in different disability levels of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ertekin Özge , Özakbaş Serkan , İdiman Egemen
Published: December 2019

Background:

The caregivers of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) individuals are usually burdened with a wide range of MS-related caregiving tasks which may result in damages of their daily life and quality of life (QOL).

Objectives:

This study was designed to compare according to the disability level (1) the walking ability, quality of life (QOL), and disease impact of the MS patients (2) and the burden, QOL, self-efficacy and life satisfaction of their caregivers; (3) to determine the relationship between these outcome results, disease duration and caregivers' age.

Methods:

772 MS patients were recruited, 47 MS patients and their 47 caregivers finished the study. Disability, walking ability, QOL, disease impact of the MS participants; the burden, QOL, self-efficacy, life satisfaction of the caregivers were evaluated.

Results:

MS Patients with higher disability had significantly worse scores on the MSWS-12, MUSIQOL, MSIS-29, and PDSS (p < 0.01). The caregivers facing with higher disability had significantly worse scores on CBI and CAREQOL (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

The impairments on disability level, walking and QOL of MS patients were related to OQL declines and increased burden of their caregivers. Therefore, it may be important to provide acceptable education and support strategies with individual intervention while defining the needs and goals of the MS patients and their caregivers to improve the rehabilitation success.
Isometric hip and knee torque measurements as an outcome measure in robot assisted gait training
Authors: Galen Sujay S. , Clarke Celia J. , Mclean Alan N. , Allan David B. , Conway Bernard A.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Strength changes in lower limb muscles following robot assisted gait training (RAGT) in subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI) has not been quantified using objective outcome measures.

Objective:

To record changes in the force generating capacity of lower limb muscles (recorded as peak voluntary isometric torque at the knee and hip), before, during and after RAGT in both acute and subacute/chronic ISCI subjects using a repeated measures study design.

Methods:

Eighteen subjects with ISCI participated in this study (Age range: 26–63 years mean age = 49.3 ± 11 years). Each subject participated in the study for a total period of eight weeks, including 6 weeks of RAGT using the Lokomat system (Hocoma AG, Switzerland). Peak torques were recorded in hip flexors, extensors, knee flexors and extensors using torque sensors that are incorporated within the Lokomat.

Results:

All the tested lower limb muscle groups showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) increases in peak torques in the acute subjects. Comparison between the change in peak torque generated by a muscle and its motor score over time showed a non-linear relationship.

Conclusions:

The peak torque recorded during isometric contractions provided an objective outcome measure to record changes in muscle strength following RAGT.
The difference of gait pattern according to the state of the corticospinal tract in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients
Authors: Seo Jeong Pyo , Do Kyung Hee , Jung Gil Su , Seo Sang Wan , Kim Kyoung , Son Su Min , Kim Yeung Ki , Jang Sung Ho
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

The lateral corticospinal tract (CST) is one of the most important neuronal pathways that mediate voluntary movements in the human brain. However, little is known about the role of the lateral CST on the gait. We attempted to investigate differences in gait pattern using a motion analysis system according to the integrity of the contralateral CST, which was classified using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients.

Methods:

We recruited 16 chronic hemiparetic stroke patients and 12 normal subjects for this study. DTT findings of the CST for patients were classified into two groups: group A (eight patients); the integrity of the CST was preserved, group B (eight patients) – the CST was discontinued at or below the stroke lesion. We compared variables of gait between group A, group B, and normal controls using the motion analysis system.

Results:

Group A and the control group showed a significantly higher peak angle for ankle dorsiflexion, knee internal rotation, and hip flexion, compared with group B (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the peak angle for ankle plantarflexion/external rotation, knee flexion/abduction, and hip extension of group A and group B were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

We found that severe injury of the contralateral CST caused decreased movement of ankle dorsiflexion, knee internal rotation, and hip flexion in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. As a result, the circumduction and abduction gait pattern in stroke patients is closely associated with severe injury of the contralateral CST.
The effect of stroke on motor selectivity for force control in single- and multi-finger force production tasks
Authors: Kim Yushin , Kim Woo-Sub , Yoon BumChul
Published: December 2019

Background:

The stroke patients have difficulties in both voluntary muscle contraction and individual movements. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis focusing on decreased finger control in stroke patients.

Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to identify the changes in motor selectivity in stroke patients during a finger force production task.

Methods:

Fifteen stroke patients and fifteen control subjects were asked to perform maximum voluntary force (MVF) production during single- and multi-finger force tasks. Finger interaction indices such as force independence (FI) and force sharing deviation (FSD) were analyzed using measured individual finger forces.

Results:

MVF analysis in the impaired hand of stroke patients showed that they produced 31% or 41% lower force than their unimpaired hand or the control hand, respectively. For the finger interaction indices, the stroke patients' impaired hand had lower FI and higher FSD than their unimpaired hand or the normal subjects' hand.

Conclusion:

The lower FI and higher FSD show that stroke patients have a limited ability to produce force independently and to synchronize produced multi-finger force, respectively. These results have a negative impact on the selectivity of their motor control. In terms of rehabilitation, we expect that the finger interaction indices used in the present study can quantify motor selectivity in the damaged central nervous system.
Transitions between SNF and home-based care in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Noyes Katia , Bajorska Alina , Wasserman Erin B. , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Mukamel Dana
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

To assess patient characteristics and risk factors associated with care transitions between skilled nursing facility (SNF) and home care for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in an effort to improve outcomes and optimize patient care pathways.

Background:

MS is a chronic neurologic illness of younger adults that is associated with physical disability, cognitive impairment and a high need for supportive services.

Methods:

The study was based on the 2005 Nursing Home Minimum Data Set and the Outcome and Assessment Information Set data (n = 10,064). We performed multivariate evaluation of patient risk factors for skilled nursing facility (SNF) admission and disposition while controlling for potential patient self-selection and other characteristics that affect care utilization.

Results:

MS patients with recent history of home care use were less likely to be admitted to an acute care hospital and had higher physical disability at SNF admission than SNF patients who did not use home care. Insurance type (Medicaid) and availability of informal caregivers were associated with the use of homecare services after a SNF stay, while patient demographic and clinical characteristics did not explain SNF disposition.

Conclusions:

Future studies should explore the association between the local availability and affordability of home-based services and physician attitude about community-based care management of disabled patients.
Effects of a resistance training program and subsequent detraining on muscle strength and muscle power in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Medina-Perez Carlos , de Souza-Teixeira Fernanda , Fernandez-Gonzalo Rodrigo , de Paz-Fernandez Jose Antonio
Published: December 2019

Background:

Although resistance training adaptations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been described, the detraining response in this population is largely unknown.

Objective:

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week detraining period on muscle strength (isometric and endurance) and muscle power of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients that had previously carried out a 12-week resistance training program (RTP).

Methods:

Forty-two MS patients were randomly assigned into two groups: an exercise group (EG) that performed a 12-week RTP for the knee extensors muscles; and a control group (CG), that did not perform any specific training. Knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle power and muscle endurance were evaluated before and after the RTP, as well as 12 weeks after training completion. A strain gauge was used to measure the maximal voluntary isometric contraction and muscle power was assessed with a linear encoder. Muscle endurance was interpreted as the number of repetitions that a patient could perform in a single set of knee extension exercise.

Results:

The EG increased MVIC and muscle power after the training period, although the training did not affect muscle endurance. After 12 weeks of detraining, MVIC returned to pre-training values but muscle power was still greater than pre-training values in the EG. The CG did not present any change in the variables measured during the intervention.

Conclusions:

A 12-week RTP improved MVIC and muscle power in MS patients. Additionally, 12 weeks of detraining blunted strength training adaptations in MS patients, although muscle power training adaptations were still evident after the detraining period.
The influence of weaning duration on rehabilitative outcome in early neurological rehabilitation
Authors: Ponfick Matthias , Wiederer Ralf , Bösl Kathrin , Neumann Günter , Lüdemann-Podubecka Jitka , Gdynia Hans-Jürgen , Nowak Dennis A.
Published: December 2019

Background:

We investigated if longer weaning is associated with inferior rehabilitative outcome in critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods:

We analysed retrospectively weaning protocols and medical histories of 171 tracheotomized patients with CIP and CVD. We assessed weaning durations (WD), independence in activities of daily living, as assessed by the functional independence measure (FIM), mortality rates and discharge modalities in each cohort. Weaning was performed using synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) with Autoflow® and assisted spontaneous ventilation (ASV).

Results:

WD was significantly longer in CIP compared to CVD (p < 0.001). Despite shorter in-patient treatment and longer WD, patients with CIP acquired significantly greater gains of improvement than CVD (p = 0.015). Independent living at home was possible in 43% of patients with CIP and in 26% of CVD. Mortality was equal in both groups (13% vs. 6%, p > 0.05). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) showed a trend towards longer weaning durations in both entities (p = 0.06). Higher age significantly correlated with longer WD (p = 0.038, r = 0.16). Longer rehabilitation duration (RD) positively correlated with higher Delta-FIM (DFIM) in both entities (p = 0.006, r = 0.21).

Conclusion:

Longer weaning and its partly negative influence on rehabilitative outcome can be compensated by longer in-patient rehabilitation in CIP and CVD.
Heart rate variability in children with cerebral palsy: Review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Amichai Taly , Katz-Leurer Michal
Published: December 2019

Objective:

A systematic review which aims to assess the evidence regarding the function of the autonomic heart rate regulation system among children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods:

The target population included children with CP of diverse severity, aged 1.5 to 18 years. Databases searched for English language studies from 1960 to 2013: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and ClinicalTrials.gov site. Search terms included ‘cerebral palsy’ or ‘spastic diplegia’ or ‘hemiplegia’ or ‘quadriplegia’ and ‘autonomic nervous system’ or ‘heart rate variability’ or ‘sympathetic’ or ‘para sympathetic’. Twenty five articles were identified and included if (1) participants were less than 18 years of age, (2) diagnosis of CP was made after the age of 18 months (3) more than 80% of cases had a diagnosis of CP and (4) autonomic cardiac heart rate regulation system state or response to a stimuli was described for all the participants. Six articles met the criteria for inclusion.

Results:

Evidence suggests that reduced Heart Rate Variability (HRV) time domain parameters close to birth are associated with a CP diagnosis at the age of three years. In addition, HRV parameters' mean values, are significantly lower among children with CP compared to typically developed (TD) control. While performing head up, tilt or standing position, HRV was significantly reduced only among TD control, but no effect was seen in those variables among children with CP.

Conclusion:

Further studies are needed to assess the potential to predict CP by assessing HRV parameters among newborn children. In addition, assessing HRV among children with CP may improve our understanding of the heart rate autonomic system and its response to different stimulus such as muscle contraction, paced breathing and aerobic training.
College and combat trauma: An insider's perspective of the post-secondary education experience shared by service members managing neurobehavioral symptoms
Authors: Ness Bryan M. , Rocke Maya R. , Harrist Christopher J. , Vroman Kerryellen G.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Enrolling in post-secondary education is common among military service members returning from combat deployments, but recent research shows service members who present with neurobehavioral symptoms consistent with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at risk for psychosocial and academic difficulty.

Objective:

This exploratory study was conducted to examine the academic experiences of service members through in-depth qualitative analysis.

Methods:

An initial survey was conducted at a public university to measure self-reported academic achievement and neurobehavioral symptoms experienced by service members (n = 48). Then, follow-up interviews were solicited from a sub-sample (n = 5) of participants to gain an in-depth understanding of their transition, social, and academic experiences.

Results:

The results revealed both the day-to-day challenges participants faced while adjusting to post-secondary life and how neurobehavioral symptoms associated with combat trauma interacted with their learning experiences. The findings indicated participants did not perceive neurobehavioral symptoms as particularly deleterious to their learning thereby highlighting the potentially integral role of coping strategies and motivation in post-secondary success.

Conclusions:

This study underscores the importance of understanding not only the adverse impact of neurobehavioral symptoms but the factors that promote resilience among military service members in post-secondary education.
Long-time average spectrum in individuals with Parkinson disease
Authors: Smith Lindsey K. , Goberman Alexander M.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Various methods of acoustic analysis have been used to describe phonatory deficits in Parkinson disease (PD), including long-time average spectrum (LTAS) analysis.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to utilize the LTAS to investigate laryngeal deficits in individuals with PD.

Methods:

Twenty-eight individuals with idiopathic PD and 10 controls were participants for this study. An LTAS was generated from a standard reading sample and analyzed using the following measurements: Mean spectral energy (MSE), first spectral peak, spectral tilt (ST), three spectral slope (SS) measures (i.e., SSF0-1kHz, SS1-5kHz, and SS ratio) and four spectral moments (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis).

Results:

Individuals with PD were found to demonstrate significantly lower MSE, spectral mean and spectral SD, along with higher spectral skewness compared to control speakers. Furthermore, ST was positively correlated with self-rated symptom severity and self-rated medication effectiveness for individuals with PD.

Conclusions:

The LTAS findings were consistent with either reduced vocal fold adduction or vocal fold bowing in individuals with PD compared to control speakers. Additionally, vocal fold adductory changes were one possible explanation for correlations between LTAS and self-ratings of medication effectiveness and disease severity.
Behavioral scales used in severe and moderate traumatic brain injury
Authors: Castaño Monsalve B. , Laxe Sara , Bernabeu Guitart M. , Bulbena Vilarrasa Antoni , Quemada Jose Ignacio
Published: December 2019

Neurobehavioral disorders are common consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that should be objectively assessed in this population.

The use of scales allows us to unify terms both in clinical practice and investigative work; it also constitutes a useful guide in clinical interviews and makes it possible to see outcome changes in patients with or without intervention. The aim of this study is to review the most frequently neurobehavioral scales used to measure the non-cognitive disorders of conduct in TBI patients.

Method:

A systematic and descriptive literature review was done in Medline, without time limit, which focused on scales applied to behavioral disorders in moderate and severe TBI patients.

Results:

Ninety articles were selected for the final review and thirty-seven different scales were identified. Seven of these instruments represent sixty-five percent of all behavioral scales applied in the studies collected and were selected for the present review. There are scales that are more general and include a wide range of neurobehavioral symptoms, like the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. On the opposite, there are questionnaires that focus on specific symptoms like aggressiveness, agitation and apathy such as the Agitated Behavior Scale or the Apathy Evaluation Scale. The forms for caregiver or staff were the most prevalent in our review. The most representative behavioral scales applied to moderate and severe TBI patients were analyzed using clinical useful, covered domains, item descriptions, administration procedures and psychometric properties.
Predictors of functional outcome in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury after inpatient rehabilitation: In Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdul-Sattar Amal B.
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To identify the possible factors influencing motor functional outcome of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI) after inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods:

90 patients with T-SCI consecutively admitted for inpatient SCI rehabilitation unit was studied. Demographic characteristics, level and completeness of SC injury using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, disability level using Functional Independence Measure (FIM), psychological state using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and SCI-related medical complications were assessed and recorded at admission. The main measure of functional outcome was the motor FIM gain score at discharge. The univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Results:

The Mean admission motor FIM score was 35.3 (20.1), the mean discharge motor FIM score was 65.3 (22.5), and the mean motor FIM gain score was 30.0 (20.9). Univariate analyses indicated that the significant factors influencing motor functional outcome included age, motor FIM score at admission, level and severity of injury, anxiety/depression score, time between injury and admission to rehabilitation, length of stay, destination at discharge, and family caregiver. However, in multiple linear regression analyses, age, destination at discharge, family caregiver were not significant predictors.

Conclusion:

Age was not predictor of motor functional outcome and rehabilitation can be effective in elderly SCI patients. Rehabilitation intervention should begin as soon as possible. The admission motor FIM score, level and severity of injury, interval between onset and admission, anxiety/depression score, and length of stay can be used to predict functional outcomes of rehabilitation in SCI patients.