bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Intralesional Bevacizumab Injection in Primary Pterygium in Tunisian Patients
Authors: Sayadi Jihene , Gouider Dhouha , Henchiri Meher , Choura Racem , Boujelbene Nadia , Abbes Imen , Khochtali Sana , Zghal Imene , Malek Ines , Khairallah Moncef , Nacef Leila
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

To assess the efficacy and safety of a single preoperative intralesional bevacizumab injection as an adjuvant treatment before primary pterygium surgery.

Methods:

We conducted a randomized controlled interventional study from January 2019 to December 2020. The study included a total of 60 patients (60 eyes) with primary pterygium. We defined two groups of 30 patients each. Group A received an intralesional injection of bevacizumab (Avastin), 1 month before surgery (lesion excision and conjunctival autograft). Group B (control) had only the surgical treatment. Patients were followed up 7 days (D7), 1 month (M1), 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) postoperatively. Pre-, per-, and postoperatively, photographs of the lesions were taken, as well as a histopathological examination. The main outcome measures were the change in functional discomfort following intralesional bevacizumab injection and pterygium recurrence. Recurrence was defined as fibrovascular tissue growth invading the cornea. Therapeutic success was defined as the absence of pterygium recurrence in M6.

Results:

The mean age of the 60 patients was 54.17 ± 10.53. After bevacizumab injection, the preoperative functional discomfort score decreased significantly (P= 0.048). There was a significant improvement in grade and color intensity (P= 0.001). We noted no local nor systemic complications after intralesional injection of bevacizumab. After pterygium excision, the success rate was statistically higher in Group A (P= 0.047). There was no significant difference in either final best-corrected spectral visual acuity or astigmatism between the two groups. We noted a statistically significant association between recurrence and color intensity (P= 0.046), vascular density (P= 0.049), and the degree of elastic tissue degeneration (P= 0.040).

Conclusion:

A single preoperative subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab 1 month before surgery decreases the vascularity of newly formed blood vessels and hence may reduce the recurrence rate.
Corneal Biomechanical Parameters after 60-Year-Old
Authors: Shokrollahzadeh Fereshteh , Hashemi Hassan , Yekta Abbasali , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

To determine the distribution of corneal biomechanical parameters in an elderly population.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in subjects above 60 years living in Tehran. The participants were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Corneal biomechanical parameters were measured in a randomly selected subsample of this population using the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA).

Results:

Of 470 subjects, the data of 420 participants aged over 60 years were analyzed (mean age: 69.3 ± 6.5 years and range: 61–88 years), 363 (86.4%) of whom were male. The mean and standard deviation of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were 8.37 ± 1.55 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.02–8.72) and 9.06 ± 1.70 mmHg (95% CI: 8.69–9.44), respectively. The mean CH was 8.27 ± 1.54 mmHg in men and 9.25 ± 1.28 mmHg in women, and the mean CRF was 9.00 ± 1.71 mmHg in men and 9.63 ± 1.37 mmHg in women. According to the results of multiple linear logistic regression analysis, CH had a significant association with younger age (β = −0.05,P= 0.032), female sex (β = 1.83,P< 0.001), reduced maximum keratometry (β = −0.22,P= 0.06), and increased anterior chamber volume (β = 0.01,P= 0.007). CRF had a significant correlation with a younger age (β = −0.06,P= 0.02), female sex (β = 1.01,P= 0.05), central corneal thickness (β = 0.02,P< 0.001), and reduced maximum keratometry (β = −0.39,P= 0.010).

Conclusion:

The mean CH and CRF values were low in this sample of the Iranian population aged over 60 years indicating the weaker elasticity of the corneal connective tissue.
Long-term Results of Congenital Cataract Surgery with Primary Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Orazbekov Lukpan , Smagulova Sabina , Ruslanuly Kairat
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

To analyze the results of ocular refraction at the age of 7 years in children after congenital cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods:

A study of ocular biometric data of 143 eyes who underwent lens aspiration with IOL implantation in unilateral (23 eyes) and bilateral (60 eyes) congenital cataracts was performed. All children were divided into groups according to the age categories at the time of surgery: Group A (0–12 months) - 43 eyes; Group B (12–36 months) - 45 eyes; and Group C (older than 36 months) - 55 eyes. An empirical reduction of the implanted IOL power was performed: an undercorrection of 20% in children aged 0 to 36 months and 10% less in children aged 36 to 60 months.

Results:

By age 7 years, the mean elongation ± standard deviation (SD) in Group A was 3.93 ± 1.64 mm, 2.13 ± 0.94 mm in Group B, and 0.95 ± 0.76 mm in Group C (18.7%, 9.5%, and 4.1% of the baseline axial length, respectively). There was no significant difference in axial elongation between unilateral and bilateral congenital cataracts (P = 0.32). The mean absolute refraction error (MAE) at last examination was 3.99 ± 2.12 diopter (D), 2.46 ± 1.48 D, and 1.59 ± 1.31 D in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. In infants younger than 7 months of age, by age 7 years, the mean elongation ± SD was 3.27 ± 2.86 mm (25.5%) and MAE was 3.44 ± 2.1 D. The prevalence of preoperative corneal astigmatism of 1.0 D or more was 48.95%, 2.0 D or more was 27.27%, and 3.0 D or more was 5.6%. There was no significant difference in preoperative corneal astigmatism between unilateral (1.62 ± 0.77 D) and bilateral (1.78 ± 0.90 D) congenital cataracts (P = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = −0.50–0.28). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) more than 20/40 was in 53.49%, 55.55%, and 74.54% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusions:

Although IOL power was calculated in accordance with children's age, at the age of 7 years, there was a different degree of ametropia because of the biometric changes of the growing eye, and a higher rate of ametropia was observed more in the younger age group than in the elder age groups.
Pituitary Apoplexy Secondary to Thrombocytopenia due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Aghdam Kaveh Abri , Abtahi Zahra-Alsadat , Sonbolestan Seyed Ali , Sanjari Mostafa Soltan
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

To report a 16-year-old female patient with pituitary apoplexy in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related thrombocytopenia in the absence of preexisting pituitary macroadenoma.

Methods:

The patient had been admitted because of respiratory complications of COVID-19 infection and developed thrombocytopenia, intense headache, and symptoms of cavernous sinus syndrome.

Results:

Urgent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain depicted a pituitary apoplexy.

Conclusion:

This case indicated that thrombocytopenia due to COVID-19 could be a predisposing factor for pituitary apoplexy in the absence of underlying pituitary disease.
A Prospective Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Contralateral Submandibular Gland-Sparing Radiation Therapy for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Bose Soumyo , Sharma Shyam , Manna Debojyoti , Biswas Linkon , Ghorai Suman
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim:

The submandibular glands (SMGs) contribute 95% of daily salivary flow. Thus, SMG-sparing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may maximize patient-related xerostomia outcomes. However, sparing the SMG is technically quite challenging due to its small size and proximity with suspected disease harboring target lymph node groups. In this study, we assessed the effects of the contralateral SMG (cSMG)-sparing radiation therapy on the treatment outcome and on the xerostomia and other toxicities.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and oropharynx with only unilateral neck node involvement were given cSMG-sparing IMRT either as definitive or postsurgery adjuvant therapy depending on the scenario. During radiotherapy, patients were followed up weekly and after completion of radiation at 6 weeks, 3 months, and at 6 months for assessment of treatment response and evaluation of xerostomia and other toxicities.

Results:

The mean dose to the cSMG was 33.68 Gy. Immediately after radiotherapy, 25.7% of patients had Grade 2 acute xerostomia which on subsequent follow-up on 3 and 6 months reduced to only 2.9%. In patients, who received postoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, no incidence of recurrence was noted in the entire follow-up period. About 57.1% of patients who received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy showed complete response after 6 months.

Conclusion:

In well-lateralized oropharyngeal and oral cavity carcinoma, cSMG-sparing IMRT can limit the incidence of xerostomia without compromising tumor control.
Methanolic Leaf Extract of Dryopteris dilatata Reverses Kidney Injury on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ajirioghene Akpotu Emamuzou , Ani Celestine Okafor , Ajebor Doris N , Elavieniso Alabarima Favour , Okolo Kenneth Obinna
Published: December 2022

Background:

Hyperglycemia when sustained leads to diabetes which has become a chronic disorder having morbidity and mortality rate. This study investigated the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Dryoptersis dilatata (MEDd) on kidney injury caused on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg); Group 2 received STZ (60 mg/kg) only, Groups 3 and 4 received STZ followed by 400 and 800 mg/kg of MEDd, respectively, while Group 5 received STZ + Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). After 2 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood, spleen, liver, pancreas, and kidney were collected for biochemical analysis.

Results:

The results showed that MEDd extract caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde nitric oxide, and glutathione superoxide were ameliorated in organs such as the kidney and pancreas in diabetic rats after treatment with MEDd. Kidney markers (urea and creatinine) were ameliorated as well as reduction in organ weights in diabetic rats following treatment with MEDd.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it was observed from our study that MEDd has antidiabetic and nephron-protective capacity as it ameliorates in vivo adopted in lieu of nephropancreatic caused by STZ-induced diabetes.
Anti-Ulcer Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Triticum aestivum on Delayed Healing of Experimentally Induced/Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Adebayo-Gege Grace Iyabo , Adetomiwa David Ayo , Omayone Tosan Peter , Akintayo Oloruntoba Christopher , Ozegbe Queen Bisi , Dimeji Igbayilola Yusuf , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke
Published: December 2022

Background:

Ulcer reoccurrence and delay of healing caused by certain factors is now a major problem with the treatment of peptic ulcer. This study sought to unravel the role of Triticum aestivum in delayed ulcer healing in Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty five (25) Experimental animals (male Wistar rats) weighing 120g – 150g were randomly divided into five groups (N = 5) viz; I (Control), II (20% acetic acid ulceration + 2 mg/kg of indomethacin), III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of T. aestivum + 20% acetic acid ulceration + 2 mg/kg of indomethacin. Ulcer was induced by serosa application of 20% acetic acid and was delayed by subcutaneous administration of 2 mg/kg of indomethacin for 14 days.

Results:

Findings from this study showed that the relative body weight changes decreased substantially in delayed untreated group juxtaposed to control which was improved in T. aestivum extract (TAE) groups. Total gastric acidity, ulcer area, and relative stomach weight were substantially (P < 0.05) increased in delayed ulcer group juxtaposed to control group. These changes were substantially reversed in TAE-treated groups. A substantial decrease was observed in the catalase level and expression of nitric oxide accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde was noted in delayed ulcer group juxtaposed to control which were ameliorated in all TAE treated groups. Histological and macroscopic evaluations revealed that there was a substantial decrease in inflammation and erosion of the gastric mucosa in groups treated with T. aestivum juxtaposed to delayed ulcer group.

Conclusion:

It can thus be said that aqueous extract of T. aestivum attenuates delayed gastric ulcer healing due to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest concentration (200 mg/kg) in this proved to be the most beneficial.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and its Association with Malaria in the Administrative Divisions of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Oladayo Musa , Alli Adetunji Alabi , Ashiru Mojeed Ayoola
Published: December 2022

Background:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of red blood cells' most common inherited enzyme disorders. It is currently believed to affect approximately 500 million individuals worldwide. The deficiency could result in several hematological conditions, including acute hemolytic anemia, neonatal jaundice, and kernicterus.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the five administrative divisions of Lagos State. The association between malaria and G6PD deficiency was also investigated.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 105 participants, comprising 63 (60%) males and 42 (40%) females, were recruited from five locations for this study. Two milliliters of venous blood were collected and divided into three portions for G6PD enzyme assay, hematological parameter, and malaria diagnosis. G6PD enzyme level was determined using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay, whereas the malaria parasite was examined using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kits.

Results:

An overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 21%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males (22.2%) and females (19%), whereas a marginally higher G6PD activity in males (10.15 ± 0.50 vs. 8.61 ± 0.31 U/g Hb) (P < 0.05) was recorded. Although there were slight differences in prevalence obtained in the five sampling locations, however, the one-way analysis of variance of the G6PD activity levels showed no significant difference between any pairs (P = 0.05). Furthermore, the results obtained from this study showed no association between malaria and G6PD deficiency (χ
2 = 1.432, P = 0.231).

Conclusions:

The study found a relatively high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the Nigerian subpopulation, indicating that G6PD deficiency is common in this environment. This emphasizes the need for a quantitative G6PD assay as part of laboratory investigations for those presenting with an episode of acute hemolytic anemia in this geographical region of the country.
El storydoing como modelo innovador de comunicación publicitaria que favorece una mejora en la sociedad
Authors: Rodríguez-Ríos Antonio , Lázaro Pernias Patrícia
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Se analiza el storydoing como un modelo en publicidad prospectivo en términos de justicia social y de sostenibilidad medioambiental que responde a las necesidades de una sociedad que demanda más transparencia y honestidad a las organizaciones comerciales. Metodología: Una muestra compuesta por 87 campañas storydoing se ha sometido a un análisis de contenido cualitativo exploratorio.  Dicho análisis ha consistido en identificar la causa social de la campaña a partir de las categorías establecidas por Kotler et al. (2002) y calcular su incidencia en la muestra. Resultados: Los resultados constatan que el storydoing es un modelo de comunicación publicitario que favorece una mejora en la sociedad a través de la educación en valores que atañen a la familia, la escuela, la adolescencia y la juventud, el civismo, la cultura y la política. Asimismo, en temas como la contaminación medioambiental y de los océanos, las especies en peligro de extinción y sobre el reciclaje. Discusión: Visto lo anterior, estamos ante un modelo en comunicación publicitaria que favorece una mejora en la sociedad. Ahora bien, algunos estudios señalan la poca claridad con la que las empresas desarrollan sus estrategias basadas en causas sociales. Conclusiones: Al final encontramos un modelo disruptivo educomunicativo en publicidad que basa su estrategia en un relato alineado a la realidad empresarial y que apuesta por la transformación de la realidad social.
Application of Yellow Clay Powder for Efficient Treatment of Cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. - Laden Source Water in Drinking Water Treatment Facility
Authors: Lee Hyejin , Lee Yujin , Bae Eun Young , Jang Kyoung Hyuk , Yoom Hoon Sik , Son Heejong
Published: December 2022

Objectives : This study evaluated the effect of dosing yellow clay powder as a sedimentation aid when Microcystis sp. bloomed.Methods : Pre-oxidation (chlorination and ozonation) treatment and coagulation/precipitation experiments of Microcystis sp. - laden source water were performed with a jar-tester. Treatment efficiency was evaluated by analyzing the turbidity and particulate matter of the supernatant after sedimentation according to the presence or not of pre-oxidation, the concentrations of yellow clay powder, and polyamine dosing.Results and Discussion : As a result of evaluating the turbidity and particulate matter of the supernatant after coagulation/sedimentation according to the dosing concentrations of yellow clay powder, the turbidity of the supernatant decreased as the dosing concentrations of yellow clay powder increased regardless of the presence or not of pre-oxidation. In particular, when pre-oxidation was not performed, both turbidity and particulate matter of the supernatant after sedimentation were significantly reduced. In addition, without pre-oxidation, when yellow clay powder (50 mg/L) and polyamine (1.0 mg/L) were dosed together, turbidity was reduced by 25% and the amount of particulate matter by 41% compared to utilizing pre-oxidation. Regarding the concentrating efficiency of sedimentation sludge, when yellow clay powder was added, concentrating efficiency increased by more than 31~38% regardless of pre-oxidation treatment compared to when yellow clay powder was not added. However, with pre-oxidation, the concentrating efficiency decreased by about 27~34% under the same yellow clay powder and polyamine dosing conditions compared to without pre-oxidation.Conclusion : When yellow clay powder was added to Microcystis sp. - laden source water, turbidity and particulate matter were effectively reduced after coagulation/sedimentation regardless of the presence or not of pre-oxidation. In particular, when pre-oxidation was not performed, the turbidity and particulate matter after coagulation/sedimentation were significantly reduced as compared with utilizing pre-oxidation, and using yellow clay powder together with a polyamine reduced turbidity and particulate matter the most. In addition, the sludge concentration of Microcystis sp. - containing sludge with low concentrating efficiency was increased by dosing yellow clay powder.
A Study on the Behavior Evaluation and Control of Midge Larvae in the Filtration Process
Authors: Baek Youngae , Lee Kwangje , Yang Yunsun
Published: December 2022

Recently, midge larvae, which are indicators of aquatic environmental pollution, have been detected in tap water in some areas, resulting in controversy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the behavioural features of midge larvae in sand, GAC (granular activated carbon) and GAC/sand processes, which are mainly operated in domestic water purification plants, and suggest effective operating methods for larval control. In this study, a pilot-scale square column (W300×L300×H3500~5000 mm) was used for the filtration experiment and was used with a filter height of 2.5 m as well as in the field. The water to be treated was the sand filtered from the water purification plant G, and midge larvae from the Han River were injected periodically and operated for an estimated 40 to 50 days. As a result, no larvae were detected during the first five operational days in the sand filter and GAC and 14 days in the case of GAC/sand. However, after backwashing, larvae were detected from the 9th day of operation for sand and GAC, and from the 15th day for GAC/sand. In the case of sand laying under the GAC, larvae detection was delayed by approximately 6 days compared to the operation of the GAC alone. Following examination of larval distribution in relation to the height of the activated carbon layer after approximately 50 days of operation, it was found that the larvae were distributed on 17% in the upper layer, 7% in the middle layer, 19% in the lower layer and 0.2% in the lower water collection device. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the backwashing cycle from the initial stage of larval introduction and to increase the rate of expansion of GAC during the backwashing to quickly flush out the larvae. The results of this study also confirmed that when the backwash speed was 0.57 m/min or more, the rate of expansion of GAC was 30% or more, and larval rejection increased approximately twice when compared with a washing rate of 0.45 m/min. Consequently, as a method of effective functioning of the filtration process for larval control, in the case of sand filtration, when it is difficult to expand the filter media, it is necessary to increase the rinsing time, and in the case of GAC, it is necessary to quickly discard the larvae by increasing the backwashing rate and shortening the backwashing cycle.
Study on Retrofitting of Small-scale Water Supply Facility using aeration and Closed-circuit Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Lee Youngjoo , Kim Seong-Su , Seo Inseok , Jeong Kwanho
Published: December 2022

Objectives : A water treatment system, combining aeration and reverse osmosis (RO) processes, was introduced to improve water supply facilities in a small village where additional water treatment was required due to high concentrations of natural radioactive substances, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride. In this study, CCRO(Closed-circuit reverse osmosis) was first introduced for commercial use in Korea. With this system, we evaluated its water treatment efficiency and effectiveness of blending the aerated water and RO permeate for improved waterworks in rural areas.Methods : The removal rate of major pollutants and other ionic substances was evaluated by analyzing the water quality of raw water and unit processes. In addition, the operational efficiency of a small-scale water supply facility was verified and optimized by evaluating a change in operational characteristics depending on the blending ratio of the treated waters by aeration and CCRO processes.Results and Discussion : Up to 86% of the radon contained in raw water was removed by the aeration process within 2 hours, and 98.9% of uranium, 85.5% of nitrate nitrogen, and 82.8% of fluoride were removed by the RO process. In the case of other ionic substances, more than 80% was removed on average by the RO process. The higher blending ratio of RO permeate up to 75% resulted in the better quality of the final treated water. However, since requiring the high flux and pressure (at 1.8 m3/hr and 7.6 bar, respectively), CCRO operation resulted in a relatively high specific power consumption at 0.27 kWh/m3.Conclusion : In this study, we found that the major contaminants (natural radioactive substances, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride) were effectively removed by the water treatment system wherein the aeration and CCRO processes were combined. In particular, it was confirmed for the first time in Korea that the stable operation and water treatment efficiency of the CCRO process was satisfactory for commercial purposes. It could produce high-quality tap water through the blending of waters treated by aeration and CCRO, expecting that meeting drinking-water quality standards would be attainable even when raw water contains high-concentration pollutants.
Investigation of Factors Influencing on Ammonia Emission from Soils in Agricultural Land
Authors: Kim Gun-Yeob , Lee Yeon-Jin , Cho Eun-Ji , Lee Jae-In , Im Eun-Chae , Hwang Hancheol , Kim Sang-Yoon , Hong Sung-Chang , Kim Jin-Ho , Park Seong-Jik
Published: December 2022

Objectives : Major factors affecting ammonia emission from the soil and strategies to reduce ammonia emission were investigated through literature surveys.Methods : An academic search was conducted using keywords such as agriculture, ammonia, and fine dust, and the effects of soil characteristics on ammonia emission were summarized for each factor.Results and Discussion : Emissions of ammonia into the atmosphere can reduce economic returns for a farmer and negatively impact the atmospheric environment by acting as a precursor to PM2.5 formations. It is reported that agriculture accounts for 78% of the total ammonia emission sources in Korea. Ammonia emission from the soil is affected by the type of ammonia fertilizer, soil moisture, pH, temperature, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and soil texture. An increase in soil moisture increases ammonia emissions. As soil pH increases, ammonia emissions increase, noticeably above 7.5. An increase in soil temperature increases the rate of hydrolysis of urea and the rate of conversion to ammonia gas, resulting in increased ammonia emissions. Soils with high cation exchange capacity adsorb ammonium to reduce ammonia emissions. Soils with a high clay content and soil organic matter content are more buffered to changes in soil pH, reducing ammonia emissions.Conclusion : Based on understanding the mechanisms and causes of ammonia emission from the soil, it is possible to establish soil and environmental management to reduce ammonia emissions into the atmosphere.
Source and Route of Microplastics in Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Aquatic Environments, and Effects of Microplastics on Organisms
Authors: Kim Namyeon , Kim Bogyeong , Lee Eun-Hee
Published: December 2022

Objectives : Microplastics, known as pieces of polymer debris less than 5 mm, result from plastic particles originally manufactured to small size or fragmentation from larger plastic items. Due to the persistence, microplastics can remain and accumulate in land and ocean for a prolonged period. Microplastics enter ecosystems and cause various problems. Trophic transfer of microplastics can be occurred in food chain, accordingly humans also can ingest microplastics. The accumulation of microplastics raises concerns regarding impacts on human health and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, we discuss the source and route of microplastics found in environments, and ecological effects of microplastics on organisms.Methods : We explore how microplastics enter terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic environments and influence individual animals, plants, and microorganisms living in diverse ecosystems. Research literature is reviewed microplastics in terms of ecological risk published between 2010s and June 2022.Results and Discussion : Diverse human activities (e.g., industrial and agricultural activity) accelerate the production of microplastics and result in a release of microplastics to surrounding ecosystems. The microplastics can circulate among the terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic environments. The exposure of microplastics can induce oxidative stress, damage of intestinal cells, and reduce the body size in animals. In plants, length of root, biomass, and chlorophyll content are decreased upon exposure to microplastics. In addition, microplastics inhibit the growth of microalgae by reducing algal chlorophyll contents and cause oxidative stress.Conclusion : This paper includes basic information regarding the occurrence and accumulation of microplastics and their ecological effects on organisms. The contents will help to understand behavior of microplastics in diverse environments and to further evaluate ecological impacts of microplastics.
Applications and Prospects of Fourth Industrial Revolution Technology in Environmental Areas -
Focusing on Environmental Policy based Public Technology Development Projects -
Authors: Kim Gyuhyun , Han Ihnsup
Published: December 2022

Objectives : Recently, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been actively discussed in all fields around the world. And the related R&D(Research and Development) has been widely conducted in the environmental field. The core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is hyperconnectivity, superintelligence, and convergence. Major technologies related with it are AI(Artificial Intelligence), IoT(Internet of Things), 5G(Fifth Generation communication technology), robots, blockchain, drones, 3D(Three Dimension) printers, big data, unmanned transportation, biotechnology, new materials, sharing economy, and VR/AR(Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality), etc. It is intended to seek development plans through the examples of the 4th industrial revolution technology’s environmental application.Methods : In concentration of the public technology development project, based on environmental policy, conducted from 2011 to 2020, some cases of the 4th industrial revolution technology’s environmental application have been analyzed and the future prospects have been derived.Results and Discussion : The 4th Industrial Revolution technology has been applied in various fields such as design, operation, maintenance, investigation, monitoring, and service provision in the environmental field. Therefore, in the future, it is expected that there will be working environment improvement, the progress of service quality and operational efficiency.Conclusion : With the transition to smart environmental technology, it is expected that it will be possible to advance the industry and create high value-added things. To do so, government policy support and technology development should be continuously executed.
A FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DO ENFERMEIRO DOCENTE, QUE ATUA NO ENSINO TÉCNICO: E O SABER FORMAR PROFISSIONAIS CAPAZES DE PENSAR E GESTAR SOLUÇÕES.
Authors: Pereira Laura da Glória Martins , Cardoso Adilson Lopes
Published: December 2022

O ensino profissionalizante vem sofrendo alterações significativas nos últimos anos, com a mudança de uma formação tradicionalista, mecanizada e reprodutivista para um modelo de ensino por competências. Este estudo teve como objetivo discutir sobre o papel do enfermeiro professor na prática do ensino profissionalizante. Para desenvolver este estudo descritivo reflexivo foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sistemática, em periódicos nacionais e internacionais (base de dados: ScientificElectronic Library Onlinee Medical LiteratureAnalysisandRetrieval System Online) nos anos de 2004 a 2016. O papel do enfermeiro professor é garantir que se apropriem do instrumento científico, técnico, tecnológico, de pensamento, político, social e econômico, de desenvolvimento cultural, para que sejam capazes de pensar e gestar soluções.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM EM PACIENTES VÍTIMAS DE TRAUMATISMO CRÂNIO ENCEFÁLICO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Mendes Oliveira Leilyanne de Araújo , Da Cunha Soares Yndiara Kássia , Noleto Laís Cristina , Fontinele Ana Virginia Campos , Soares Pires Galvão Mariana Portela , De Souza Josenice Marques
Published: December 2022

Introdução: Um dos principais problemas de saúde pública de âmbito mundial, o Traumatismo Crânio Encefálico (TCE) está se tornando cada vez mais incidente no mundo moderno. O traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) é um ataque causado por fatores físicos ao crânio decorrente de impacto externo, podendo ser penetrante ou não, gerando modificações cerebrais como: incapacidade intelectual, transtornos de mobilidade física e de cognição, seja momentânea ou irreversível. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem intuito de apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica caracterizando a produção científica acerca da assistência de enfermagem, expondo quais principais intervenções de enfermagem diante de um paciente vítima de TCE. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada no período entre 2010 a 2017, indexados nas bases de dados: LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF e MEDLINE. Resultado: Identificar corretamente as principais necessidades básicas individuais do paciente possibilitando ao profissional enfermeiro alcançar objetivos que representam progresso na assistência à saúde como também na inovação de possibilidades para conduzir o atendimento e a terapêutica ao cliente, ponderando a diminuição de sequelas e resolução final. Conclusão: Para que se garanta uma assistência de forma qualificada e humanizada aos pacientes vítimas de TCE, é importante que a equipe de enfermagem esteja apta a desempenhar sua função, dando ênfase a uma sistematização de cuidados que garantem a autonomia de enfermagem na equipe multiprofissional. Essa prestação de cuidados ao paciente exige do profissional enfermeiro múltiplos conhecimentos e a compreensão e iniciativa quanto ao processo de liderança da equipe, destacando o relacionamento interpessoal com familiares das vitimas e tomada de decisões eficazes.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA SOBRECARGA DE TRABALHO DO ENFERMEIRO NA QUALIDADE DA ASSISTÊNCIA
Authors: Da Costa Claudia Silveira , Stroschein Normann Karina Amadori , Silva da Rocha Tanaka Ana Karina , Cicolella Dayane de Aguiar
Published: December 2022

Objetivou-se revisar o que a literatura tem abordado a respeito da sobrecarga de trabalho do enfermeiro e sua influência na qualidade da assistência. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão de literatura em artigos científicos publicados em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) entre os anos 2012 a 2016. No primeiro momento, cruzando-se todos descritores, chegou-se no total de 444 artigos encontrados. Em um segundo momento, após leitura e utilização de critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram pré-selecionados 148 artigos. Finalmente, foi realizada uma leitura detalhada e análise dos dados, chegando ao total de 12 artigos que respondiam à questão norteadora desta pesquisa. Os resultados demostraram que os fatores como o número reduzido de profissionais de enfermagem, dupla jornada de trabalho devido baixos salários, aumento das cargas de trabalho e absenteísmo estão vinculados à sobrecarga de trabalho que afetam o físico e mental desses profissionais, gerando problemas de saúde e ocasionando consequências na assistência prestada. Percebeu-se que é de suma importância refletir sobre as estratégias que possibilitam o desenvolvimento de melhorias no trabalho da enfermagem. Contudo, sugere-se que novas pesquisam sejam realizadas em torno desta temática, com o objetivo de pensar em diferentes estratégias sobre a relação sobrecarga de trabalho e qualidade da assistência
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O USO DE TOXINA BOTULÍNICA E OUTROS PROCEDIMENTOS NA CORREÇÃO DO SORRISO GENGIVAL
Authors: De Paulo Eliton Vicente , De Oliveira Renata Cristina Gobbi , De Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , De Oliveira Ricardo Cesar Gobbi
Published: December 2022

A exposição do tecido gengival superior a 2mm é caracterizada como sorriso gengival, e o uso da toxina botulínica para correção desta alteração,  tem se destacado nos últimos anos. Esse fato acontece devido ao procedimento ser pouco invasivo, de rápido resultado e reversível. Outros procedimentos como aumento de coroa clínica, cirurgia ortognática e intrusão ortodôntica também são utilizados, porém demandam um tempo maior para resultado, com grau de complexidade e valores mais elevados e de maior invasão, tendo também a negativa de serem irreversíveis. Com a toxina, a correção do sorriso gengival é realizada através da aplicação de toxina botulínica no músculo elevador do lábio e da asa do nariz, reduzindo a hiperfunção destes músculos, e abaixando o sorriso do paciente. Este trabalho tem por finalidade mostrar uma comparação entre as possibilidades de procedimentos para correção do sorriso gengival e com toxina botulínica, enfatizando os prós e os contras de cada procedimento.
ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DOS MONOTERPENOS (R)-(+)-CITRONELAL, (S)-(-)-CITRONELAL E 7-HIDROXICITRONELAL CONTRA CEPA DE BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Authors: Bezerra Raquel Vieira , De Oliveira Heloísa Mara Batista Fernandes , Lima Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna , Diniz Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo , Pêssoa Hilzeth de Luna Freire , Alves de Oliveira Filho Abrahão
Published: December 2022

O citronelal, pertencente ao grupo dos monoterpenos é uma das substâncias majoritárias de óleos essenciais de plantas aromáticas como as do gênero Cymbopogon e Eucalyptus, revelando ter inúmeras atividades biológicas, dentre elas ação antimicrobiana. Desta forma, com base nas informações sobre o potencial terapêutico dos monoterpenos e a importância do combate as infecções causadas pelas bactérias multirresistentes, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos monoterpenos (R)-(+)-Citronelal, (S)-(-)-Citronelal e 7-Hidroxicitronelal contra a cepa de Bacillus subtilis. Para a realização da atividade foi analisada a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) dos compostos contra a cepa de bactéria escolhida, além disso, utilizou-se o antibacteriano cloranfenicol como controle positivo. Os monoterpenos (R)-(+)-Citronelal e (S)-(-)-Citronelal apresentaram CIM igual a 256 μg/mL e o 7-hidroxicitronelal apresentou CIM de 512 μg/mL. Com os resultados analisados conclui-se que os monoterpenos em estudo podem ser utilizados como uma alternativa terapêutica para o combate de infecções causadas por bactérias do gênero Bacillus.
PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES CONDICIONANTES DE LOMBALGIA EM MOTORISTAS DE CAMINHÃO DA CIDADE DE CIANORTE–PR
Authors: Fratti Sergio Roberto , Souza Deivini Alves de , Vendrame Edipo Fabricio , Gruska Vanessa Marin
Published: December 2022

A lombalgia é uma condição clínica caracterizada por um conjunto de manifestações dolorosas de variada intensidade, que pode acometer a região lombar, lombossacral ou sacroilíaca. No Brasil é um grande problema no afastamento do trabalho e nos gastos do SUS. Trabalhadores que passam longos períodos sentados de forma inadequada, apresentam relação positiva com o aparecimento de lombalgia. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a frequência e os fatores desencadeantes de lombalgia em motoristas profissionais de caminhão da cidade de Cianorte/PR, e estabelecer a frequência de ocorrência das variáveis de risco já definidas por outros trabalhos.

Foi realizado abordagem exploratória, descritiva e quantitativa de delineamento transversal, através da aplicação de um questionário baseado e modificado a partir dos trabalhos de Lemos (2014) e Mascarenhas et al (2014). O banco dados coletado pelos questionários foram formulados a partir do programa Microsoft Office Excel® versão 2010 e analisado através de estatística descritiva (média, frequência e desvio-padrão). Diante da pesquisa realizada com os motoristas, os dados constataram que, fatores de risco atuaram na instalação da lombalgia. Por outro lado, houveram interesse dos motoristas e da empresa em prevenir os fatores de risco para enfermidade citada e proporcionar um tratamento adequado para a dor lombar.
TRATAMENTO DA MÁ OCLUSÃO DE CLASSE II COM O APARELHO TWIN FORCE
Authors: Valarelli Fabricio Pinelli , Vaca Lenin Amilcar Pantoja , Hinojoso Milena , Higa Rodrigo Hitoshi , Grec Roberto Henrique da Costa , Falcão Izabel Cristina de Mendonça Campos Freitas , Salvatore de Freitas Karina Maria , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont
Published: December 2022

Os aparelhos de protração mandibular têm sido usados porque independem da colaboração do paciente no uso dos elásticos de Classe II e tratam a má oclusão em um tempo relativamente curto, redirecionando o crescimento da mandíbula para uma posição mais favorável. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar o caso clínico de um paciente apresentando má oclusão de Classe II por meio do uso do aparelho ortodôntico fixo associado ao aparelho Twin Force Bite Corrector. O resultado atingiu uma oclusão funcional e satisfatória, com a correção da má oclusão de Classe II, do desvio da linha média dentária, da sobremordida, com selamento labial passivo. O aparelho Twin Force é de fácil aplicação, não requer laboratório, exercendo uma força constante. Sua associação com o aparelho fixo ortodôntico resultou na correção da má oclusão de Classe II, como uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de má oclusão de Classe II, evitando-se o protocolo com extrações e otimizando o tempo de tratamento.
FISIOTERAPIA NA PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS: A PERCEPÇÃO DO IDOSO
Authors: Matias Diana Teixeira , Rabêlo Weslyana da Silva , Andrade Bárbara de Paula , Souza Cleideane Gonzada Damasceno de , Araújo Margylly Hyanne Cardoso de , De Menezes José Nilson Rodrigues , Belchior Luciana Dias
Published: December 2022

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção do idoso institucionalizado sob a Fisioterapia na prevenção de quedas. A pesquisa realizada é descritiva, com natureza qualitativa e foi desenvolvida na Unidade de Abrigo de Idosos, a coleta de informações foi realizada no período de abril a junho de 2016 através de uma entrevista semiestruturada com idosos institucionalizados submetidos à assistência fisioterapêutica. Foram inclusos pacientes idosos do gênero masculino e idosos do gênero feminino, que já realizaram atendimento fisioterapêutico e exclusos pacientes idosos com dificuldades na fala ou alterações de estado mental que inviabilizasse a pesquisa. As informações foram analisadas através da análise temática, que consiste em descobrir os núcleos de sentido que compõem uma comunicação, cuja frequência signifique algo para objeto analítico visado. O presente estudo evidenciou pela percepção do idoso que a Fisioterapia é de grande importância para prevenção de quedas, usando de orientações, exercícios, e medidas educativas para proporcionar ao idoso uma maior autonomia e melhora nas atividades da vida diária, promovendo a qualidade de vida e proporcionando o bem-estar.
DISTÚRBIOS MOTORES RELACIONADOS AO MAL DE PARKINSON E A DOPAMINA
Authors: Brito Gessica Monique Rocha de , Souza Sara Raquel Garcia de
Published: December 2022

A doença de Parkinson é uma doença neurodegenerativa caracterizada pela depleção da dopamina, morte dos neurônios dopaminérgicos da substância negra da via nigroestriatal e presença de inclusão neurofibrilares nos neurônios ativos. A substância negra esta interconectada com todas as regiões do cérebro, estas recebem inervações glutamatérgicas e enviam projeções diretas e indiretas, modulando a atividade dos neurônios dopaminérgicos, assim, a perda de dopamina no estriado causa alterações químicas monoaminérgicas levando ao aumento e diminuição da atividade neuronal nas áreas motoras do córtex cerebral. Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a relação dos neurônios dopaminérgicos com os sintomas clínicos na doença de Parkinson, investigar a disfunção fisiológica e apontar as alterações morfológicas do sistema nervoso central.  Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão bibliográfica, através de documentos disponíveis nas bases de dados: LILACS, SCIELO, PUBMED e Google Acadêmico, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: doença de Parkinson, dopamina, gânglios da base e neurônios dopaminérgicos. Foram selecionados documentos que incluíssem: dissertações, teses, artigos e livros que abordassem o tema, entre os anos de 2008 a 2018, disponíveis na integra nos idiomas português e inglês. Revisamos como a dopamina se adéqua no SNC e os prejuízos causados devido sua disfunção na doença de Parkinson. De forma geral, este estudo mostra a importância do equilíbrio fisiológico entre as vias neuronais, estabelecendo a relação das estruturas cerebrais com os neurotransmissores responsáveis pelo planejamento e execução do movimento juntamente com as alterações físicas que ela provoca.
PANCREATITE AGUDA GRAVE: UM RELATO DE CASO DE COMPLICAÇÕES SISTÊMICAS EM UM PACIENTE PREVIAMENTE HÍGIDO
Authors: Maia Priscila Masson , De Vasconcelos Cynthia Neves , Bertoglio Scarlett Richter , Bronzati Ludilaine , Dos Santos Coelho Lucia Jeorgea , Da Silva Giovanna Menin
Published: December 2022

A pancreatite aguda (PA) é um processo agudo de inflamação do parênquima pancreático, cuja etiologia mais comum é a litíase biliar (70%), seguida de etilismo agudo e hipertrigliceridemia. Sua incidência anual varia de 4,9 a 35 por 100.000 habitantes, sendo que a forma grave da doença acomete apenas 20% dos pacientes e a taxa de mortalidade pode atingir 30%. No caso em questão, chama a atenção o fato de uma paciente de 49 anos previamente hígida se incluir dentro dos 20% de pacientes que desenvolvem a forma grave da PA, com mortalidade estimada de 42,4% segundo o APACHE II. A paciente em questão chegou ao pronto-socorro com instabilidade hemodinâmica, sinais de choque e desconforto respiratório. O raio-X de tórax revelou cardiomegalia, derrame pleural bilateral e condensação pulmonar; e áreas de atelectasia foram visualizadas na TC de tórax. A dor epigástrica persistente, associada à elevação da amilase sérica acima de 3 vezes o limite superior, possibilitou estabelecer o diagnóstico de PA, de modo que a US de abdômen revelou sua principal etiologia: colecistopatia litiásica. A paciente evoluiu com disfunção dos sistemas cardiovascular, renal e respiratório, cuja persistência por mais de 48 horas, classificou a PA em grave, de acordo com a Classificação de Atlanta. A paciente permaneceu internada por 10 dias, sendo submetida ao tratamento preconizado pelas diretrizes de PA, de modo que evoluiu com estabilidade hemodinâmica e melhora do quadro clínico e laboratorial. Foi finalmente encaminhada para a realização de colecistectomia, que é o tratamento de escolha da pancreatite biliar.
ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO NA ONCOLOGIA - UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Rech Adriana Beatriz Kovalski , Francellino Márcia Andréa Marques , Colacite Jean
Published: December 2022

O câncer caracteriza-se pelo crescimento celular anormal e descontro­lado em órgãos e tecidos. É estabelecido um protocolo de tratamento que pode incluir cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia. As drogas quimioterápicas agem sistemicamente, nas células em processo de divisão celular, interferindo no seu crescimento e divisão. É atribuição privativa do farmacêutico a atividade de quimioterapia e de manipulação de drogas antineoplásicas nos estabelecimentos de saúde públicos ou privados. OBJETIVOS: Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a atuação do farmacêutico na oncologia. METODOLOGIA: O estudo constitui-se de uma revisão de literatura especializada, publicados nos anos de 2001 até 2018. As bases de dados consultadas foram Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SCIELO), Sistema Online de Busca e Analise de Literatura Medica (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), livros e publicações legislativas da profissão. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A análise dos artigos selecionados demonstrou a importância do profissional farmacêutico na atuação na área oncológica. As atividades encontradas vão desde a seleção de medicamentos até a atenção farmacêutica e farmacovigilância. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: No exercício da atenção farmacêutica o profissional farmacêutico consegue oferecer um atendimento integral eindividualizado, beneficiando o paciente, que usufrui plenamente das capacidades técnicas do agente de saúde. A atenção farmacêutica na oncologia é uma importante ferramenta para a redução de erros de medicação e aumento da efetividade no tratamento, melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente, pois, a tarefa primordial do farmacêutico é garantir que a terapia medicamentosa dos pacientes seja eficaz, segura e conveniente.