bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the drug containing sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Budkina T.N. , Oldakovskiy V.I. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tupylenko A.V. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tsvetkova V.S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lokhmatov M.M. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Potapov A.S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the drug containing sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate (SPMC) used for bowel preparation in children. Patients and methods. We have assessed the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy in 80 children aged between 9 and 18 years (40 of them received SPMC for it and another 40 were prepared by cleansing enemas). The effectiveness of bowel preparation was evaluated using the Boston and Chicago Bowel Preparation Scales (BPS). Tolerability of the SPMC preparation scheme was estimated using a specially designed questionnaire. Results. Effective bowel preparation was achieved in 85% children receiving SPMC (excellent in 27.5% of cases and good in 57.5% of cases), whereas children in the control group have demonstrated significantly lower quality of bowel preparation (p = 0.021). We have observed that the right colon was significantly better prepared in the SPMC group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Ninety percent of children were satisfied with the SPMC preparation scheme and agreed to use it in the future. Conclusion. Preparation of children for colonoscopy with SPMC was effective, safe, and well tolerated by them; therefore, SPMC is preferable over traditional cleansing enemas. Key words: children, inflammatory bowel diseases, colonoscopy, bowel preparation, sodium picosulfate–magnesium citrate
Tectonochemistry of the Brooks Range Ophiolite, Alaska
Authors: Biasi Joseph , Asimow Paul , Harris Ronald
Published: December 2020

We present new whole-rock geochemical data from the Brooks Range ophiolite (BRO) together with new mineral chemistry data from the BRO, South Sandwich forearc, Izu-Bonin forearc, and Hess Deep. The analyses reveal that the Brooks Range ophiolite (BRO) was most likely created in a forearc setting. We show that this tectonic classification requires the Brookian orogeny to begin at ~163-169 Ma. The middle-Jurassic BRO contains abundant gabbros and other intrusive rocks that are geochemically similar to lithologies found in other forearc settings. Based on major, minor, and trace element geochemistry, we conclude that the BRO has clear signals of a subduction-related origin. High-precision olivine data from the BRO have a forearc signature, with possible geochemical input from a nearby arc. The Koyukuk terrane lies to the south of the Brooks Range; previous studies have concluded that the BRO is the forearc remnant of this arc-related terrane. These studies also conclude that collision between the Koyukuk Arc and the Arctic Alaska continental margin marks the beginning of the Brookian orogeny. Since the BRO is a forearc ophiolite, the collision between the Koyukuk Arc and the continental margin must have coincided with obduction of the BRO. Previously determined 40Ar/39Ar ages from the BRO’s metamorphic sole yield an obduction age of 163-169 Ma. Since the same collisional event that obducts the BRO also is responsible for the Brookian orogeny, we conclude that the BRO’s obduction age of ~163-169 Ma marks the beginning of this orogenic event.
The Foreign Press about the Change of Attitude of Soviet Power to Orthodoxy in 1943 (According to TASS)
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Evgeny V. Drobotushenko
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes a selection of materials of the foreign press, made by the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) in 1943 on the reaction to the change in the attitude of the Soviet government to the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is presented in one of the files of the state archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). In the collection mentioned, there are notes and articles of various editions of the countries of Europe, and also the States of North and South America, Africa, Australia. The claimed problems have not been seriously analyzed from the scientific point of view so far. The author notes that the negative and positive assessments of the transformation of the religious policy of the USSR were clearly divided into the two camps: the countries that supported the USSR in 1943 and the countries that had opposite views. The rhetoric of the press in the United States, Canada and England differed significantly from that one in Europe as a whole, and even more in Nazi Germany, Italy and Romania. The press of countries that were far away from the events, for example, the States of South America or Australia, reflected a neutral attitude to what was happening. Against this background, all actions of the Soviet authorities were assessed as superficial, temporary, and “fake”. According to the critics, they were forced. In reality, there was no question of freedom of religion in the USSR. In turn, the press of the allied countries relatively highly appreciated the changes in the policy of the Soviet state. It is obvious that the problems stated in the title of the article require further serious scientific analysis, which implies a large volume of work with foreign media of the time under consideration and with archival sources. Keywords: religion, Orthodoxy, freedom of religion, Patriarch, Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, mass media
The Four Highest Clans of the Eastern Jin Era
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chingis Ts. Tsyrenov
Published: December 2020

The article shows the history of the heyday and decline of the four highest clans of the Southern Chinese Eastern Jin dynasty (Wang, Xie, Yu and Huan clans), which alternately with varying degrees of success acted as the second most powerful clan in the entire Eastern Jin Empire when the central power ceased to be a self-sufficient force and badly needed the support of noble clans (strong houses). The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors of the political longevity of the highest clans of the period under review. The methodology of this study includes the method of prosopographic and historical-genetic analysis of the four highest clans of the Eastern Jin era, between which there was a continuous and merciless political struggle for the highest civil and military posts in the Eastern Jin Empire. The perspective of clan issues and inter-clan relations in Jin history lies in the possibility of a detailed reconstruction of the specific historical context of the most important events in the history of China in the 4th‒5th centuries AD and will contribute to the development of elitology of early medieval China. As a result of the analysis of the history of the development of the four clans, it was concluded that the Wang clan achieved the greatest success during the Eastern Jin period, which was able to move from the local level of politics to the level of the Eastern Jin Empire. The very factor of the clan structures of Chinese society had a significant double impact on the historical and political process of the period of the Jin Empire, as well as the era of the Southern and Northern dynasties in general. The duality lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the continuous strife between the regional branches of the Sima clan (the revolt of the eight princes) undermined the basis of the power of the all-Chinese empire of Western Jin from the inside, and on the other hand, the same clan structures in combination with rather strong compatriot ties (the alliance of the regional branch of the ruling Clan Sima and the local noble clan Wang) allowed the ruling house of Sima to retain supreme power and minimized the loss of the Chinese ethnos in a troubled and turbulent era. The system of the highest clans of the Jin era, in fact, developed as a result of the abandonment of the Han institute of examinations for officials, which prevented the highest clans from distributing among themselves the most important posts in the empire. Keywords: Western Jin, Eastern Jin, South China, higher clans, examination institute, nine-rank report card, prosopographic analysis
Relations Between the Soviet Government and the Technical Intelligentsia in 1917–1919
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Vyacheslav V Shevtsov , Dmitry D. Vyachisty ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: December 2020

The article presents an overview of the political measures of the Soviet government to marginalize the socio-professional group of technical intelligentsia in 1917–1919. The article describes the process of forming the attitude of the Soviet government to the social group of technical specialists in the conditions of the accomplished October revolution and the Civil war in the country. The political writings of V. I. Lenin as the leader of the Bolshevik party and the head of the country regarding the place of technical specialists in the social space of the new state were characterized. The motives of the authorities in implementing a change in the social status of technical specialists were identified. Through the use of the historical-genetic method, the study analyzes the consecutive statements of V. I. Lenin regarding this socio-professional group was carried out. As a result of this, the periodization of the development of their relationships was constructed. The construction of such a chronology is relevant, because it makes possible to assess the motives of the actions of the Bolshevik government from the point of view of a specific goal setting, not from the standpoint of the class struggle, but in the search for the most effective way to overcome it. At the beginning, the authorities tried to create pragmatic relations with engineers, but seeing their refusal to cooperate, they took a course to stigmatize and marginalize them as a social group. As a result of this discrediting, the only buyer of their services became the Soviet government, using them centrally in the most important fields of production and economy. The authorities were forced to abandon further marginalization in the face of the difficult situation on Civil war, the small number of remaining specialists and the low efficiency of their work. In this regard, the process of rehabilitation of engineers was initiated, authorized by V. I. Lenin at the VIII Congress of the Bolshevik party. The head of state in a short period managed to organize a campaign to discredit the specialists, after which they were forced to abandon the anti-Soviet rhetoric and begin to integrate into society on the terms proposed by the Bolsheviks. Keywords: engineers, technical specialists, intellectuals, V. I. Lenin, Bolsheviks, class struggle
Christianization and Execution of Orthodox Rites on the Eastern Outskirts of the Empire (the Second Half of the XVIII Century)
Authors:   Institute of the Humanities and Indigenous Peoples, North Scientific Center Russian Academy, Inna I. Yurganova ,   Institutе of Russia History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the process of Christianization and the issues of performing Orthodox rites on the Eastern outskirts of the Empire in the second half of the XVIII century, reconstructed on the basis of historical sources that were first introduced into scientific circulation. The working hypothesis of the research includes the thesis about the Christianization of Eastern Siberia as one of the means of state policy for the purpose of economic and administrative development of the region and ethno-cultural transfer, when the government created conditions for attracting non-believers to the state religion and offered an administrative and exacting regulatory framework in case of non-fulfillment of their Christian duties. The study suggests that in the second half of the XVIII century there was an increase in the Christianization of the peoples of Eastern Siberia and the establishment of separate administrative and ecclesiastical administrative units on the Eastern borders of the Empire indicate the continued integration of these territories into the state. The Christianization of local ethnic groups took place in accordance with the decrees and orders of the civil authorities, which explains its slow pace in the national suburbs. The non-violent method of attracting people to Orthodoxy, which is linked to the fiscal interests of the Russian administration and ensures the loyalty of the local population, has become an element of state policy. In addition, a system of benefits and gifts for the non-Russian population was used, creating favorable conditions for joining Orthodoxy, when the formality of baptism suited both the secular and Church authorities. The introduction of historical sources into scientific circulation provided opportunities to identify new facts about the history of Eastern Siberia’s Orthodoxy, namely, to establish the number of churches and the number of clergy of the Yakut order, the location of the customer, and to confirm the thesis of multiple baptisms in order to obtain tax benefits. Keyword: Christianization, Eastern Siberia, Irkutsk diocese, Orthodox rites in Siberia, benefits for neophytes, yasak, Ilimsky uyezd, Yakut prikaznaya izba
Die Kornblume – Lieblingsblume der Preußen
Authors: Schubert Peter , Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Die Kornblume (Centaurea cyanus) ist ein bekanntes Ackerwildkraut. Sie hat aber auch großen Symbolwert und gilt z. B. als die Lieblingspflanze der Preußenkönigin Luise und ihres Sohnes, Kaiser Wilhelm I. Biologie, Mythologie und Symbolik werden vorgestellt.
Nationalpark Picos de Europa – grüne Oase im Norden Spaniens
Authors: Steinecke Hilke , Schubert Peter
Published: December 2020

Die Picos de Europa sind ein Gebirge an der Nordküste Spaniens. Der gleichnamige Nationalpark wurde 1995 gegründet. Der höchste Gipfel erreicht 2650 m. Da es sehr viel regnet, findet man hier ausgedehnte Buchen- und Eichenwälder. Die verschiedenen Höhenstufen mit ihrer typischen Pflanzenwelt werden vorgestellt.
Margot Spohn & Roland Spohn: Die Rinden unserer Bäume. Die 70 häufigsten Arten entdecken, bestimmen und verstehen
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

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Review on Mineral Nutrition of Onion (Allium cepa L)
Authors: Amare Getachew
Published: December 2020

Proper nutrition is one of the factors which is limiting onion production. Onion yield and quality is affected by fertilization of macro and micro nutrients. Mineral nutrients, Nitrogen, phosphorous and Potassium are macronutrients which significantly affect onion production. Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization significantly affect growth, yield and quality of onion. The requirement of mineral fertilizer varies from place to place, depending on different factors in the growing areas. Effective use of N, P and K fertilizer depends on soil condition, irrigation system, climatic factors and management factors. In all different research reports, it is described that onion is a heavy feeder for N, P, K and the application of these mineral elements enhance production significantly. The quality of onion, physiology and production is highly limited by fertilization of N, P and K fertilizers. Therefore, in this review the effect of mineral nutrition on growth, physiology and yield of onion are discussed and examined in detail.
MicroRNA Regulation of Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Premises, Promises, and Potentials
Authors: Ebrahimi Safieh , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Aghaee Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid
Published: December 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer and the fifth leading cause of
cancer-related deaths among men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most frequently
used therapeutic strategy in PCa; however, the development of resistance to ADT, known as castration-
resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), continues to be a major obstacle against the successful treatment
of PCa. The abnormal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway has been
found as one of the main contributing factors to the development of resistance in CRPC. Therefore,
AR regulatory strategies are urgently required to combat resistance. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs)
have been found as major AR regulatory factors affecting ADT resistance. MiRNAs can target
AR itself, AR-related genes, AR splice variants, AR-related signaling pathways as well as cancer
stem cells (CSCs), and play critical roles in regulating ADT resistance. Due to their capability
to affect various genes and signaling pathways, miRNAs are now being studied for their potential
role as a new therapeutic target in CRPC. It has been recommended that combination therapies, including
miRNAs and existing drugs, can synergistically decrease castration resistance. miRNAs also
have prognostic values for ADT, and their expression profiling in CRPC patients before therapeutic
scheduling may enable the physician to diagnose patients who are ADT-resistant. Overall,
extant evidence obviously supports the predictive and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in CRPC
patients. This review summarizes the available information about the microRNA-mediated AR controlling
mechanisms involved in ADT resistance.
Facile and Green Synthesis of Clean Porous Pd/2D-material Nanocomposites with Improved Catalytic Properties in 4-nitrophenol Reduction Reaction - The First Part
Authors: Ke Kai , Liu Haiyang , Chen Xin , Wang Lingling , Fang Jiali , Wu Yulian , Wang Chuanzhen , Li Chang , Yang Xiaoxiang
Published: December 2020

Background:

The development of environment-friendly and cost-effective palladium(
Pd) based nanocomposite is of high interest for catalytic applications.

Objective and Methods:

In this paper, a porous Pd/two-dimensional-material (graphene oxide
(GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) nanocomposite was synthesized with a green and facile
method, without adding any additional reductant, surfactant and special solvent.

Results:

The catalytic activity of the Pd/rGO composite was investigated using the 4-nitrophenol
(4-NP) reduction reaction in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The results showed that
the Pd/rGO nanocomposite not only exhibited much higher catalytic activity than the pure porous
Pd catalyst but also showed a very good catalytic stability due to the less Pd aggregation and increased
local 4-NP concentration arose from rGO bonding attraction. Besides, the Pd-rGO nanocomposite
showed a kapp value of 0.383 min-1, which was 13 times higher than the pure Pd
(0.0292 min-1), as well as a reliable 4-NP conversion rate of over 97%.

Conclusion:

This study may provide a route for green-design and synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst
composites with lower cost and better performance.
Grocery Delivery of Healthy Foods to Pregnant Young Women With Low Incomes: Feasibility and Acceptability Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Locher Ione , Waselewski Marika , Sonneville Kendrin , Resnicow Ken , Chang Tammy
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Poor maternal diets increase the risk of excess gestational weight gain which can contribute to serious intergenerational morbidity for both the mother and infant. Pregnant young women with low incomes have disproportionately high rates of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption as well as excess weight gains during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to describe the feasibility and acceptability of Special Delivery, a longitudinal nutrition intervention that delivers healthy foods to pregnant youth (aged 14-24 years) with low incomes.

METHODS

The Special Delivery pilot study, conducted in Michigan, enrolled pregnant young women with low incomes. Study participants were sent twice-monthly grocery deliveries consisting of US $35 worth of healthy foods, primarily fruits and vegetables. Between grocery deliveries, participants received daily SMS text message prompts to confirm receipt of delivery and document diet and weight. Program feasibility was assessed by the number of grocery orders placed, delivered, and confirmed by participants. Qualitative interviews and SMS text message data were used to determine acceptability by assessing participants’ perspectives on grocery delivery, participants’ perspectives on dietary impact of the program, and foods consumed by participants.

RESULTS

A total of 27 participants were enrolled in the pilot study. The mean age was 20.3 years (SD 2.0), and 59.3% (16/27) were African American or Black. During the pilot, 263 deliveries were sent with 98.5% (259/263) successful deliveries and 89.4% (235/263) deliveries confirmed by participants. Participants reported that grocery delivery was convenient; that delivered foods were high quality; and that the program improved their diet, increased access to healthy foods, and promoted healthy habits during pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS

A grocery delivery–based weight gain and nutrition intervention is both feasible and acceptable among low-income pregnant youth. Grocery deliveries were successfully completed and participants were willing and able to receive grocery deliveries, eat the healthy foods that were delivered, and communicate via SMS text message with study coordinators. The Special Delivery program warrants further evaluation for efficacy in promoting healthy weight gain for low-income youth during pregnancy.
An Ostomy Self-management Telehealth Intervention for Cancer Survivors: Technology-Related Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Weinstein Ronald S , Holcomb Michael J , Mo Julia , Yonsetto Peter , Bojorquez Octavio , Grant Marcia , Wendel Christopher S , Tallman Nancy J , Ercolano Elizabeth , Cidav Zuleyha , Hornbrook Mark C , Sun Virginia , McCorkle Ruth , Krouse Robert S
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

An Ostomy Self-management Telehealth (OSMT) intervention by nurse educators and peer ostomates can equip new ostomates with critical knowledge regarding ostomy care. A telehealth technology assessment aim was to measure telehealth engineer support requirements for telehealth technology–related (TTR) incidents encountered during OSMT intervention sessions held via a secure cloud-based videoconferencing service, Zoom for Healthcare.

OBJECTIVE

This paper examines technology-related challenges, issues, and opportunities encountered in the use of telehealth in a randomized controlled trial intervention for cancer survivors living with a permanent ostomy.

METHODS

The Arizona Telemedicine Program provided telehealth engineering support for 105 OSMT sessions, scheduled for 90 to 120 minutes each, over a 2-year period. The OSMT groups included up to 15 participants, comprising 4-6 ostomates, 4-6 peer ostomates, 2 nurse educators, and 1 telehealth engineer. OSMT-session TTR incidents were recorded contemporaneously in detailed notes by the research staff. TTR incidents were categorized and tallied.

RESULTS

A total of 97.1% (102/105) OSMT sessions were completed as scheduled. In total, 3 OSMT sessions were not held owing to non–technology-related reasons. Of the 93 ostomates who participated in OSMT sessions, 80 (86%) completed their OSMT curriculum. TTR incidents occurred in 36.3% (37/102) of the completed sessions with varying disruptive impacts. No sessions were canceled or rescheduled because of TTR incidents. Disruptions from TTR incidents were minimized by following the TTR incident prevention and incident response plans.

CONCLUSIONS

Telehealth videoconferencing technology can enable ostomates to participate in ostomy self-management education by incorporating dedicated telehealth engineering support. Potentially, OSMT greatly expands the availability of ostomy self-management education for new ostomates.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02974634; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02974634
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study the Development of COVID-19 Worries in Sweden: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Schulz Peter Johannes , Andersson Elin M , Bizzotto Nicole , Norberg Margareta
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The foray of COVID-19 around the globe has certainly instigated worries in many people, and lockdown measures may well have triggered more specific worries. Sweden, more than other countries, relied on voluntary measures to fight the pandemic. This provides a particularly interesting context to assess people’s reactions to the threat of the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The general aim of this study was to better understand the worried reactions to the virus and the associated lockdown measures. As there have been very few longitudinal studies in this area published to date, development of feelings of worry over time was analyzed over a longer range than in previous research. Affective variables, worry in particular, were included because most of the research in this field has focused on cognitive variables. To employ new methodology, ecological momentary assessment was used for data collection and a multilevel modeling approach was adopted for data analysis.

METHODS

Results were based on an unbalanced panel sample of 260 Swedish participants filling in 3226 interview questionnaires by smartphone over a 7-week period in 2020 during the rapid rise of cases in the early phase of the pandemic. Causal factors considered in this study included the perceived severity of an infection, susceptibility of a person to the threat posed by the virus, perceived efficacy of safeguarding measures, and assessment of government action against the spread of COVID-19. The effect of these factors on worries was traced in two analytical steps: the effects at the beginning of the study and the effect on the trend during the study.

RESULTS

The level of general worry related to COVID-19 was modest (mean 6.67, SD 2.54 on an 11-point Likert scale); the increase during the study period was small, but the interindividual variation of both the worry level and its increase over time was large. Findings confirmed that the hypothesized causal factors (severity of infection, susceptibility to the threat of the virus, efficacy of safeguarding, and assessment of government preventive action) did indeed affect the level of worry.

CONCLUSIONS

The results confirmed earlier research in a very special case and demonstrated the usefulness of a different study design, which takes a longitudinal perspective, and a new type of data analysis borrowed from multilevel study design.
Уважаемые коллеги!
Authors: Mazur I.P.
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Менеджмент хронической постпроцедурной боли в стоматологии
Authors: Mazur I.P. , Khaitovich M.V.
Published: December 2020

Проведен поиск в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library. Хирургические вмешательства в стоматологии (пульпэктомия или удаление зуба) могут вызывать формирование не только острой постпроцедурной, но и хронической нейропатической (в частности, фантомной) зубной боли. Устойчивая боль после успешного эндодонтического лечения возникает в 3–7 % случаев. Нейропатическая боль — одно из самых тяжелых хронических состояний. Клинический паттерн данной боли характеризуется многообразием ощущений пациента, сложностями при проведении диагностики и дифференциальной диагностики. Механизм формирования хронической боли обусловлен тем, что периферическая сенситизация приводит к высвобождению воспалительных медиаторов в ответ на травму и повреждение ткани. В результате сенситизируются или активируются ноцирецепторы и индуцируется нейрональная эктопическая активность с поврежденного нерва. Патологические периферические раздражители до поступления в кору головного мозга модулируются в центральной нервной системе. Повторная стимуляция приводит к увеличению активности нейронов второго порядка в спинном мозге и чрезмерной активации NMDA-рецепторов, что вызывает центральную сенсибилизацию и усиленную реакцию на раздражители. Доказано, что хронизации боли способствуют повторные вмешательства, особенности личности (катастрофизация, генетическая предрасположенность) и осложненный анамнез стоматологических вмешательств. Для предупреждения перехода острой процедурной боли в хроническую важно провести соответствующую подготовку пациента. Среди средств, которые минимизируют риск пролонгирования боли, — кеторолак трометамол, рацемическая смесь S- и R-энантиомерных форм. S-энантиомер — быстродействующее и потентное обезболивающее средство. Пациенту группы риска его целесообразно начать применять за несколько часов до оперативного вмешательства, а в дальнейшем — по требованию не более 4 раз в сутки в течение не более 5 суток. В случае развития фантомной зубной боли лечение предусматривает использование трициклических антидепрессантов (амитриптилин) в малых дозах на ночь, противосудорожных препаратов (габапентин и т.д.), поведенческих подходов (когнитивно-поведенческая терапия, зеркальная терапия), дозированной физической нагрузки.
The Effects of Governance on Economic Growth
Authors: Hamida Arafet , Lassoued Tahar , Hadhek Zouhair
Published: December 2020

In this article, we are interested in a very topical issue—to what extent and through which channels can governance influence the economic growth of nations? To answer this question, we reviewed the literature in this field before embarking on the empirical analysis. The main results that we obtained from this research work stipulate that economic governance, approximated by “economic freedom”, has a positive effect on economic growth through its effect on investment. As regards political governance, it seems that it has no effect on economic growth. This reinforces the idea that the role of political institutions is limited to the creation of good economic institutions.
The Land Deterioration in the Lower Volga Region
Authors:   Volgograd State Agricultural University, Pleskachev Yuriy , Kostin Maxim ,   Institute of Forest Science of the RAS
Published: December 2020

Цель. В статье рассматривается проблема усиления деградационных процессов распаханных территорий. Материал и методы. Для установления связи урожайности зерновых культур с различными свойствами почвы был выделен участок пашни в системе лощинно-ложбинного водосбора. На экспериментальном участке с уклоном до 1,50 % при тахометрической съемке были зафиксированы 30 точек. Отбор и анализ почвенных образцов проведен по стандартным методикам. Результаты. Из анализа коэффициентов корреляции двух переменных величин следует, что между урожайностью ячменя и содержанием эрозионноопасных частиц (мелкозема) существует средняя обратная связь (r1 = – 0,52). Слабая прямая связь определена между урожайностью и значением рН, легкогидролизуемым азотом: r2 = 0,52 и r3 = 0,16 соответственно. Выводы. На основании экспериментальных исследований и обобщения литературных источников определены критерии агроэкологической оценки пахотных земель Волгоградской области. В качестве диагностического признака предлагается использовать степень окультуренности пахотных почв и обеспеченность их общим гумусом. Лучшим интегральным показателем для Нижнего Поволжья, который отражает плодородие почвы, является урожайность зерновых культур.
Regarding the Creation of the Landscape Map of the Nature Geo-systems of the “Chernye Zemli” Biosphere Reserve
Authors:   Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Arid Territories, Fedorova Natalya , Ulanova Svetlana ,   Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Arid Territories
Published: December 2020

Целью работы стало создание Ландшафтной карты природных геосистем Государственного природного биосферного заповедника «Черные земли». Материалы и методы. Для составления карты использовались данные многолетних полевых исследований за периоды 2002–2011, 2018–2019 гг., а также имеющийся архив картографических материалов и материалы дистанционного зондирования Земли. Исследования природных геосистем проводились с применением методов ГИС-технологий, дистанционного зондирования и методов ландшафтно-экологического профилирования. Результаты и выводы. В результате проведенных исследований получено представление о современном состоянии ландшафтов заповедника и его фитоценотическом разнообразии. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для прогнозирования динамики и восстановления аридных пастбищ.
Regarding Some Mistakes in the list of “Vascular Plants of Chernye Zemli and Manych Area”
Authors:   The Main Botanical Garden named after N. V. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepanova Nina
Published: December 2020

Цель: статья посвящена данным о некоторых ошибках, допущенных в работе А. В. Куваева, Б. С. Убушаева, Н. Ю. Степановой «Сосудистые растения Черных земель и Приманычья», опубликованной в 2010 г. Материалы и методы: материалом послужили гербарные сборы авторов, которые были повторно изучены. Определение было подтверждено в ходе сравнения с образцами в крупных гербарных фондах — MW, MHA LE. Результаты и выводы: в результате уточнения определения гербарных сборов было установлено, что 10 видов были ошибочно указаны для заповедника: Ephedra distachya, Allium sativum, A. sphaerocephalon, Cerastium balearicum, C. holosteoides, Heracleum sibiricum, Peucedanum ruthenicum, Artemisia nitrosa, Centaurea pseudophrygia, Scorzonera stricta. Однако вероятно нахождение на территории Ephedra distachya.
Regarding the Census Results of Great White Pelican Breeding Colony at the Manych-Gudilo Lake in 2018–2020
Authors:   State Nature and Biosphere Reserve “Chernye Zemli”, Bogun Sergey , Erdnenov Gennady ,   State Nature and Biosphere Reserve “Chernye Zemli”
Published: December 2020

Цель. Исследовать данные последних лет о результатах учета численности розового пеликана — Pelecanus onocrotalus в акватории озера Маныч-Гудило. Материал и методы. Для исследования и учета розового пеликана использовались стандартные в зоологии и биологии методы. Результаты. По результатам проведенного учета в 2018 г. было отмечено резкое увеличение численности розового пеликана на гнездовании на участке «Маныч-Гудило» заповедника «Черные земли». В 2019 г. численность розовых пеликанов также превосходила среднемноголетние показатели. По результатам проведенного в 2020 г. мониторинга в акватории озера Маныч-Гудило выявлено, что численность розовых пеликанов составила не менее 100 пар на острове Птичий, в границах заповедника и вне границ Орнитологического участка заповедника не менее 150 пар и 850 пар на островах Егерский и Пеликаний. Выводы. Совокупная численность группировки розового пеликана, гнездящегося в исследуемый период в акватории озера Маныч-Гудило, оценивается как не менее 1000 пар ежегодно, что значительно превышает среднегодовые показатели численности и позволяет считать ее второй по численности в Европе после Дунайской популяции. В то же время, по нашему мнению, преждевременно говорить о столь масштабном увеличении численности колонии розового пеликана на озере Маныч-Гудило в долгосрочной перспективе. Ключевые слова: розовый пеликан, Государственный биосферный заповедник «Черные земли», озеро Маныч-Гудило, Кумо-Манычская впадина
The Influence of the Climate Change on the Reproduction of the Red Fox and Dog Fox in the Dry Steppes of the West Manych Valley
Authors:   State Nature Reserve “Rostovskiy”, Kazmin Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Цель статьи заключается в исследовании влияния абиотических, биотических и антропогенных факторов на репродуктивность обыкновенной лисицы и корсака в эталонных и антропогенно-трансформированных степных участках долины Западного Маныча. Материал и методы. В настоящей статье представлены исследования репродуктивности обыкновенной лисицы и корсака за 2013–2019 гг. на трех участках заповедника «Ростовский» и в охранной зоне, расположенных в Кумо-Манычской впадине в подзоне сухих дерновиннозлаковых степей. Поиск и обследование нор лисиц и корсаков проводится ежегодно с 2013 г. в мае–июне пешком, а также с использованием транспорта. В ведомостях учетов фиксируются географические координаты норы, число выходов (отнорков), занимаемая площадь, количество щенков у норы. Результаты. Теплые зимы, отсутствие льда и возможности расселения на сопредельные территории увеличили плотность выводковых нор лисицы на острове Водном до 0,4 норы/ км² (2019 г.). На других территориях — снижение до 0,1 норы/км². Корсак расселяется и устраивает выводковые норы вблизи кошар с плотностью 0,03 норы/км². Выводы. Таким образом, изменение климата отражается на условиях обитания и репродуктивности обыкновенной лисицы и корсака.
The Contemporary Status of Some Steppe Avifauna Species within the Boundaries of Belgorod Region
Authors:   State Nature Reserve “Belogorye”, Sokolov Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

Целью настоящего исследования является анализ современного статуса некоторых представителей степной авифауны в границах Белгородской области. Материал и методы. Данные, которые легли в основу настоящего анализа, были получены в результате более чем 10-летних непосредственных обследований степных участков региона. Результаты. В публикации приводятся краткие сведения о динамике распространения и численности некоторых представителей степной авифауны на территории Белгородской области, а также обсуждается их современный статус. Поскольку все указанные виды, в силу своего краеареального положения в границах региона, являются редкими для области (за исключением уже выпавших из состава региональной фауны), любые достоверные сведения об их современном распространении, численности и т.д. представляют большой интерес с точки зрения ведения мониторинга состояния их популяций в этих частях ареалов. Выводы. С одной стороны, для территории Белгородской области (как и всего Центрального Черноземья) можно констатировать оскудение степной авифауны, что во многом было обусловлено общей деградацией типичных степных биотопов на фоне возрастающего антропогенного пресса. С другой стороны, некоторые виды пополнили фауну региона, очевидно, благодаря формированию комплекса благоприятных условий (погодно-климатических, антропогенных и др.).
The three types of normal sequential effect algebras
Authors: Westerbaan Abraham , Westerbaan Bas , Wetering John van de
Published: December 2020

A sequential effect algebra (SEA) is an effect algebra equipped with a sequential product operation modeled after the Lüders product (a,b)↦aba on C∗-algebras. A SEA is called normal when it has all suprema of directed sets, and the sequential product interacts suitably with these suprema. The effects on a Hilbert space and the unit interval of a von Neumann or JBW algebra are examples of normal SEAs that are in addition convex, i.e. possess a suitable action of the real unit interval on the algebra. Complete Boolean algebras form normal SEAs too, which are convex only when 0=1.We show that any normal SEA E splits as a direct sum E=Eb⊕Ec⊕Eac of a complete Boolean algebra Eb, a convex normal SEA Ec, and a newly identified type of normal SEA Eac we dub purely almost-convex.Along the way we show, among other things, that a SEA which contains only idempotents must be a Boolean algebra; and we establish a spectral theorem using which we settle for the class of normal SEAs a problem of Gudder regarding the uniqueness of square roots. After establishing our main result, we propose a simple extra axiom for normal SEAs that excludes the seemingly pathological a-convex SEAs. We conclude the paper by a study of SEAs with an associative sequential product. We find that associativity forces normal SEAs satisfying our new axiom to be commutative, shedding light on the question of why the sequential product in quantum theory should be non-associative.
The quality of childhood: problems and approaches to resolving them
Authors:   Children’s Rights Commission under the President of the Russian Federation, Kuznetsova Anna Yu.
Published: December 2020

Childhood problems need to be studied to timely identify and resolve them at an early stage, with the interaction of both the state and society. The author gives a general description of the main approaches to assessing the quality of childhood. The author considers the world experience of comparative analysis of child well-being, which is reflected in the concept of social exclusion suggested by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); it is based on parameters similar to the Child Well-being Index developed in 2004 by the United States Child Development Fund. We also examine the approach proposed by the World Health Organization to the specifics of the population’s quality of life. The essence of this approach relates to the individual’s perception of position in life in the context of the cultural environment and the value system in which this individual lives, considering his/her goals, expectations, standards, and views. The article mentions both the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches in the context of protecting the interests and rights of minors. It is noted that due to the lack of common criteria for understanding the well-being and quality of life of children, there is a variability in the proposed definitions, within which researchers mainly focus on two approaches: the first uses the category of «well-being», the second - the category of «quality». In public discourse, the category of «well-being» is mainly applied to families of certain type or to deviant behavior of adolescents. At the same time, terminological blurring and evaluative character are observed, which translate the discussion into a moral and ethical plane. The author sees the reason for this shift in the absence of legal definition for the «well-being of childhood.» The quality of life, and childhood in particular, can be determined through integrated approach that combines an objective assessment based on official data and a subjective one that reflects the opinion of the people themselves. Taking into account the existing practical experience in the protection of the rights and freedoms of minors, the author proposes her own multidimensional model of “Quality of childhood”. It is a system for structural assessment of state policy in the sphere of childhood to create conditions for the realization of rights and legitimate interests of minors in the Russian Federation, which also considers objective and subjective indicators in this sphere.
Occurrence and molecular characterization of wheat streak mosaic virus in wheat in Serbia
Authors: Vucurovic Ana , Stankovic Ivana , Zecevic Katarina , Petrovic Branka , Delibasic Goran , Krstic Branka
Published: December 2020

The wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), vectored by the wheat curl mite, is
globally distributed and threatens wheat production worldwide. Since its
first occurrence in Serbia in the 1960s, WSMV presence has not been
monitored. In 2019, a total of 62 samples of fi ve wheat cultivars from eight
locations in Serbia were collected and tested for the presence of nine common
wheat viruses: WSMV, barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, -MAV, -SGV, and -RMV,
cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, wheat spindle streak virus, brome mosaic
virus, and soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, using individual or multiplex
RT-PCR. WSMV was detected in 58.1% of the tested samples in seven wheat crops
at five different locations. Species-specific primers failed to detect the
presence of the other eight tested viruses. For further confirmation of WSMV,
RT-PCR with the WS8166F/WS8909R primers covering the coat protein (CP) gene
was carried out for both amplification and sequencing. The amplified product
of the correct predicted size (750 bp) derived from four selected isolates,
98-19, 99-19, 102-19 and 120-19, was sequenced and deposited in GenBank
(MT461299, MT461300, MT461301 and MT461302, respectively). Serbian WSMV
isolates showed very high nucleotide identity (98.16-99.02%) and shared a
deletion of triplet codon GCA at nucleotide position 8412- 8414 resulting in
deletion of glycine amino acid (Gly2761). Phylogenetic analysis conducted on
CP gene sequences revealed the existence of four clades, named A, B, C and D,
and one recently introduced clade B1. All Serbian wheat WSMV isolates grouped
into clade B together with other European isolates and one isolate from Iran.
The results of this study provide the first insight into molecular
characterisation of Serbian WSMV isolates, indicating their close
relationship with other European isolates and existence of a single genotype
in the country. Phylogenetic analysis also confirms the dispersal of WSMV
isolates throughout Europe from a single locus.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Kutas R. I.
Published: December 2020

Heat flow density changes from 35-40 mW/m2 in the south-western part of East-European Craton and the Carpathian foredeep to 50-60 mW/m2 in the Outer Carpathians and to 80-120 mW/m2 in the Pannonian basin. Several levels of thermal field reflect main stages of tectonic evolution and feature of lithosphere structure. High heat flow anomaly was created by Cenozoic geodynamic processes related to collision of the European plate and Alcape microplate.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Kushnir А. M.
Published: December 2020

Possible nature of anomalous conductivity of DDD and Donbass is considered. The detailed description of materials concerning the earthquakes of Novodar and Roven is represented. The author makes an assumption that presence of graphite skins and formation of fractured porous massifs in rocks can be one of the possible trigger mechanisms.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Institute of Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Levashov S. P. , Yakymchuk M. A. ,   Institute of Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Korchahin I. M. ,   Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)
Published: December 2020

The results of practical application of geoelectric methods of forming short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF) and vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS), as well as georadar soundings on destroyed by landslide area of road are given. It is shown, that the presence of the zone with raised filtering of ground waters is the main reason of roadway erosion and landslide formation. The finding and mapping of water flow and area of the raised soil moistening can be realized operatively by complex of mobile geophysical methods.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Institute of Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Levashov S. P. , Yakymchuk M. A. ,   Institute of Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Korchahin I. M. ,   Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)
Published: December 2020

The results of experimental approbation of geoelectric methods of forming short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF) vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS) and the technology of satellite data processing and interpretation for the "direct" prospecting the ore minerals and water-bearing reservoirs are analyzed.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   The Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Majbuk Z.-Yu.
Published: December 2020

During investigations in polymetallic mineralization was stated the effect of nonlinear mechanic-electric transformation during passing of elastic waves in the sound frequency range. Emitted energy, as radio-range signal electromagnetic pulses, can increase manyfold an energy of activation by elastic waves. Such processes were not registered in enclosing rocks. The method of polymetallic and golden minerals survey was developed.