bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO PROFANO AO SAGRADO: AS TERRITORIALIDADES DO CENTRO ESPÍRITA SÃO SEBASTIÃO (CESS), EM BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Barcelos Carollina Garcia de , Travassos Luiz Eduardo Panisset , Ferreira Pedro Henrique Dias , Teixeira Rodrigo Corrêa
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal a pesquisa e o mapeamento do território e das territorialidades do Centro Espírita São Sebastião (CESS), em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Para isso, é fundamental compreender os conceitos de território e territorialidade, bem como aqueles que fazem referência ao sagrado e ao profano sob a ótica da geografia da religião. Neste trabalho o território será entendido como o Centro Espírita São Sebastião, espaço definido desde a década de 1940, a fim de se compreender como três religiões distintas são capazes de ocupar o mesmo território, ainda que apresentem significados sociais, míticos e simbólicos únicos unindo fiéis para experienciar realidades tão diferentes.
SOBREPOSIÇÃO ENTRE TERRITÓRIOS QUILOMBOLAS E UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DE PROTEÇÃO INTEGRAL:
Authors: Scalco Raquel Faria , Gontijo Bernardo Machado
Published: March 2022

Muitas Unidades de Conservação (UCs) de proteção integral de Minas Gerais foram criadas em áreas habitadas e/ou utilizadas por comunidades quilombolas, que dependem dos recursos naturais para sua sobrevivência e para a reprodução de suas práticas sociais. No processo de criação destes territórios protegidos não foi considerado que estas comunidades foram responsáveis pela conservação destas áreas, o que tem gerado conflitos entre órgãos gestores e comunidades quilombolas que ensejam propostas de recategorização, redução de limites e desafetação de UCs. Destaca-se que tanto as UCs como os territórios quilombolas já sofrem pressão de projetos de desenvolvimento econômicos. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de entender se os conflitos gerados pela sobreposição de UCs de proteção integral e territórios quilombolas geram propostas de desafetação, redução de limites e recategorização de UCs; e reafirmar a necessidade de parcerias entre comunidades quilombolas e órgãos gestores de UCs, frente ao cenário político atual. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento destes casos de sobreposição em Minas Gerais, sendo identificados sete casos em que esta situação acontece. Utilizou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa de gabinete, trabalhos de campo e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise documental e de análise de conteúdos. Como resultados, espera-se contribuir para uma mudança de paradigma no tratamento desses conflitos, apontando-se a dupla afetação como a solução mais interessante e expondo os instrumentos legais existentes.
Trichoderma: A Biofertilizer and a Bio-Fungicide for Sustainable Crop Production
Authors: Petros Kubheka Bongani , Weldegabir Ziena Luwam
Published: March 2022

Trichoderma has been studied widely. It has been found to play a major role in agricultural production. Around the world scientists and farmers have taken advantage of this knowledge. It is reported to improve plant growth of many crops such as tomato, lettuce, maize, beans, cabbage sugarcane and many more crops. There are two broad categories where Trichoderma plays a major role which is its use as a biofertilizer as well as a biofungicide. Its use as a biofertilizer has been aggravated by its ability to produce volatile compounds, ability to solubilize phosphates making them available to the plant. Moreover, farmers use it as a biofertilizer because it improves the uptake of macro and micro nutrients by the plant. As a biofungicide, Trichoderma is not to control many pathogens from various crops. This includes the control of pathogens such as Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Phythium, Fusarium, Sclerotinia species and Galumannomyces. The mechanisms used by Trichoderma as a biofungicide includes, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, competitive advantage in the rhizosphere as well as priming of the crop self-defense mechanisms. The purpose of this book chapter is to highlight the importance of Trichoderma in agriculture as a biofertilizer and biofungicide.
Effectiveness of Training Workshop on ICD-10 Cancer Coding Guidelines for Clinical Coders
Authors: Asadi Farkhondeh , Ahmadi Hosseini Maryam , Gomar Tahere
Published: March 2022

Background: The accurate retrieval of cancer data in health information systems depends on the correct coding and classification of data. Thus, it is essential to provide continuous training for clinical coders and ensure the effectiveness of this training to achieve high-quality data. Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the training workshop on ICD-10 cancer coding guidelines for clinical coders. Methods: The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of coding guidelines training regarding the second chapter of ICD-10 (2016 ed.). Forty-five clinical coders have participated in the study. A researcher-made questionnaire was provided for guidelines data gathering, with the scoring system of Likert (0 to 5 points) at the reaction level, and by and pre-and post-test questionnaires at the learning level. The descriptive statistics were applied on the reaction level and the paired sample t-test was performed on the reaction level data. Results: The results of descriptive statistics revealed that the learners had 84.4% of the average satisfaction with the training courses The paired-samples test indicated that, at the learning level, a significant difference (P = 0.000) existed between the mean pre-and post-test scores. Conclusions: Based on Kirkpatrick’s model, the training program resulted in satisfaction and improved the clinical coders skills regarding cancer coding. It is recommended that health information managers hold effective training courses to enhance the coders’ knowledge and skills.
Augustine on Hope and Politics: A Response to Peter Iver Kaufman
Authors: Lamb Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

This is the first of two responses to Peter Iver Kaufman’s article, “Hopefully, Augustine.” Michael Lamb, author of A Commonwealth of Hope: Augustine’s Political Thought, analyzes the conceptual and interpretive assumptions related to hope and politics implicit in Kaufman’s account. Lamb defends an account of hope as a virtue that allows properly ordered hope for political goods and considers the implications of a more expansive view of politics for understanding Augustine’s thought.
On the Political Sociology of Intersectional Equality and Difference
Authors: Baum Bruce ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: March 2022

This article contends that Axel Honneth’s critical social theory provides a compelling general framework with which to map out the political sociology of social equality in a way that takes due account of class-based inequalities, social identity differences, and ecological challenges of contemporary globalized societies. Honneth joins an emphasis on equal respect for all—a core aspect of equality in modern democratic societies—with an account of social esteem recognition—which establishes evaluative distinctions among people—in a way that illuminates the interplay of equality and difference. This is so, I argue, even though Honneth himself has focused on struggles for recognition and social freedom rather than equality, and despite some notable limitations of his political sociology.
The use of interest method in a ranking of alternative investment projects
Authors: Meta Mehmed , Bajramović Dženis
Published: March 2022

Among the methods of assessing the economic justification of investment projects which are based on the discount technique, the method of net present value and the method of internal rate of return have primary importance. In case where there are independent projects, the main rule is that the project will be accepted if its net present value is positive, i.e., if the internal rate of return is higher than the discount rate, that should not be implemented if its net present value is negative, i.e., the internal rate of return less than the discount rate. It usually happens that a project with a higher net present value has a higher internal rate of return, but it is not uncommon for a project with a higher net present value to have a lower internal rate of return and vice versa, that a project with a higher internal rate of return has a lower net present value. If investment projects with such characteristics are mutually competitive, in the sense that accepting one of them means rejecting the other, there is a problem in their ranking, in terms of answering the question which of the alternative projects is better, the one with higher net present value or the one with a higher internal rate of return? Such cases are treated in the literature as conflict situations in ranking. In this paper, we will limit ourselves to the application of one method of their solving, the method of additional interest rates, in one specific type of investment projects that are characterized by one-time investments in zero period and one-time effects that are promising in different time periods.
Quality challenges 4.0: A review of literature and business practice
Authors: Tadić Dijana , Kovačević Aleksandra , Stanisavljev Sanja , Kavalić Mila
Published: March 2022

The authors research the challenges faced by companies during the implementation of Quality 4.0. More than 100 papers dealing with the relevant field and topic of the paper were taken into consideration, in order to create a more complete picture of the current challenges related to quality. The aim of the paper is to review the current business practice, which can serve all companies that are planning or are in the process of introducing top quality - Quality 4.0. The results are given in the form of a comparative analysis of papers, presented according to the year of publication. The review of the literature emphasized that there are 10 most common challenges that organizations face when introducing Industry 4.0 to date. The challenges are grouped, depending on the fact how many companies have encountered them, and are based on two main factors, people and technology.
Opportunities for the development of the innovation environment in Serbia
Authors: Plojović Šemsudin , Bušatlić Senad , Bećirović Suad , Ridjić Ognjen
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the authors explore the conditions for the development of innovation in the Republic of Serbia. The paper analyzes the factors influencing the development of the innovation environment. The influences of state institutions, international institutions and programs as well as the influences of the NGO sector on the development of the innovation environment in Serbia are discussed. In order to valorize these efforts to develop the innovation environment in the right way, the authors also analyzed Germany, as the leading economy in supporting the innovation environment and building innovation infrastructure.
Halal as a chance for faster recovery in the 'new normal'
Authors: Dugonjić Aldin
Published: March 2022

It is well known that small and medium enterprises face various challenges and problems in their work, and the most common are finding a customer, finance, professional staff, competition, regulatory frameworks, etc. However, no one knew what the challenges would be if a major global health crisis occurred which would force state governments to lockdown, which will have a markedly negative impact on the economy especially on small and medium enterprises. Therefore, in this paper we analyze the halal as an opportunity and a chance for faster economic recovery, given that according to the latest Report on the Global Islamic Economy 2019/2020, the halal market is projected at 2.2 billion US dollars. A survey conducted among halal certified producers in Croatia during the lockdown indicates, among other things, that the demand for halal products remained the same for most producers, while in 13.6 percent of them it has been increased, indicating that the halal market and the growing demand for halal products has an extremely high potential to affect the faster recovery and further growth of the economy.
Otimizando técnicas de resgate para peixes mortos em usinas hidrelétricas (UHEs)
Authors: Carvalho Adriano Guimarães , Marques Elineide Eugênio , Santos Ygor Souza
Published: March 2022

Ao longo dos anos diversos especialistas realizaram estudos no sentido de apresentar os traumas provocados na ictiofauna, pela construção e funcionamento de empreendimentos hidrelétricos. Dentre algumas destas observações pode-se ressaltar desde pequenas lesões como descamação, atordoamento, até outras mais graves como exoftalmia, eversão de órgãos internos, embolia, supersaturação, decepamentos, dentre outros, podendo gerar, em situações mais graves, eventos de mortandade relevante de cardumes decorrentes da operação e/ou construção de usinas baseadas em hidropropulsores. Visando contribuir para a otimização das técnicas de resgate de animais mortos este estudo propôs um protocolo de resgate que visa uma coleta de informações mais criteriosas, cujo objetivo visa colaborar com pesquisas que possam contribuir para a mitigação da ocorrência de eventos de contusões e mortes destes animais. O protocolo foi transcrito na forma de algoritmo estruturado possibilitando a sua implementação para linguagem de programação (Ionic Framework® e Apache Cordova™) possibilitando a criação de um aplicativo (APP), otimizando e potencializando as suas possibilidades de utilização em plataformas Android® (celulares e tablets). O aplicativo desenvolvido recebeu o nome de Fish Rescue APP 2.
Políticas públicas e sua inserção na dimensão espacial do território
Authors: Maia Stenio Pinheiro
Published: March 2022

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal discutir como vem sendo utilizado o recorte areal do território na implantação das políticas públicas. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram realizadas leituras e reflexões sobre a temática proposta, buscando autores como Azevedo (2003), Haesbaert (2004), Raffestin (1993), Rua (1998), Saquet (2011), Souza (2006), dentre outros. As discussões a que nos propomos partem do pressuposto de que a adoção do recorte territorial pelas políticas públicas se deu principalmente em virtude das mudanças que vinham ocorrendo a nível nacional e internacional em que o Estado passa a reconhecer as novas dinâmicas presentes no espaço e a necessidade de incorporar e reavaliar os instrumentos governamentais.
Library or iSchool Involvement in Health-Related Informatics Education
Authors: Griffin Tina , Raszewski Rebecca , Beverley Holly
Published: March 2022

Objective: An underexplored area in Library and Information Science (LIS) is the development of educational offerings and partnerships in Health-Related Informatics (HRI) (e.g., bioinformatics, clinical informatics, health informatics). The purpose of this study is to identify which disciplines are collaborating in HRI education and how partnerships developed.

Methods: This study was conducted in two parts: a website review and survey. Seventy-seven North American ALA-accredited and iSchool member websites were searched between November 2019-March 2020 for HRI-related educational offerings and which academic units were involved. Two hundred sixteen individuals involved in LIS and/or HRI education were contacted for a 40-question survey that included: their roles and responsibilities regarding HRI education; the alignment of this education with strategic plans or competencies; and how HRI partnerships developed. The survey also asked those who were not currently partnering in HRI education which factors influenced their circumstances.

Results: 352 HRI educational offerings existed within ALA-accredited or iSchool programs. A total of 38 (17.5%) responded to the survey. For almost two-thirds of these, there was no indication of partnership in that education (213/352, 60.5%). LIS or iSchool involvement in HRI is just under one-third of all offerings (111/352, 31%). “Health or healthcare” informatics (35) or “biomedical or bioinformatics” were the most common types of HRI offered from the website review and survey.

Conclusions: Opportunities exist for LIS programs to form HRI educational partnerships that will provide richer educational offerings for LIS students and health sciences librarians.
Menores y 'social media': usos, riesgos y medidas de protección
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: March 2022

Los social media son ampliamente populares entre los usuarios de internet. Esta popularidad se hace extensiva a los menores, que se sienten atraídos por sus contenidos, pero también se inclinan a mostrarse activos creando perfiles e interactuando. En este contexto, la realidad no siempre respeta las limitaciones legales. Y mientras que padres y tutores intentan proteger a los menores, las plataformas se encuentran en la encrucijada entre cumplir la legislación, proyectar una buena imagen y velar por su negocio o ganar usuarios
Costs, Benefits and Obstacles to the Adoption and Retention of Shelterbelts: Regional Perception and Mind Map Analyses for Ukraine
Authors: Popov Andriy , Tymoshevskyi Vladyslav , Poliakh Vadym
Published: March 2022

The role of shelterbelts within an agricultural landscape is changing significantly. In the past, shelterbelts have been encouraged and established to reduce soil erosion and increase crop yields. Land reform (land privatisation) and advances in production technology led to increases in agricultural holding size. This requires a revision of policy concerning shelterbelt management in rural communities, especially since there is no recent research on community perceptions regarding the adoption and retention of shelterbelts. The specific objective of this research was to identify the public costs, benefits and obstacles from the adoption and retention of shelterbelts. In the summer of 2019, a survey was conducted of territorial communities (hromadas) in Ukraine. It was observed that many of the benefits of shelterbelts were classified as noneconomic. Therefore, these benefits are more difficult for the leaders of hromadas to recognise within their management decisions. The costs to hromadas were identified and strongly affected management decisions but the actual monetary costs were not identified. Shelterbelts have the potential to mitigate climate change yet most hromadas do not recognise the social and environmental benefits of shelterbelts within their management decisions.
Influence of mesoporous size and structure on heat transport characteristics of mixed nitrate
Authors: Mao Rui , Yang Qi-Rong , Li Zhao-Ying , Yan Chen-Xuan , He Zhuo-Ya ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China,   State Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Fiber-forming and Ecological Textile, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China,   Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
Published: March 2022

The effects of mesoporous size and structure on the solidification characteristics of solar salt are simulated by molecular dynamics (MD). The mixed nitrate model with different scales and two structures is established by using Material Studio software, and the model is applied to the Lammps software package for simulation calculation. The changes of freezing point, supercooling, and phase transformation latent heat are summarized. The micro mechanism of solidification characteristics of nano solar salt is analyzed by radial distribution function, potential energy temperature curve and Gibbs free energy theory. The results show that the freezing point of solar salt first increases and then decreases with the increase of nanopore scale. The nanowire structure will also increase the phase transition temperature on the same scale, and the phase transition points of the two eventually tend to be stable with the increase of scale. The supercooling of solar salt decreases with the increase of mesoporous scale, but there is an abnormal increase. Under the two different structures, the solidification enthalpy gradually decreases with the increase of scale, and the phase transition latent heat of nanowire solar salt is 30%–37% higher than that of nanoparticle structure on the same scale.
Flat bands and related novel quantum states in two-dimensional systems
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Han , Ren Hui-Ying , He Lin ,   Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Published: March 2022

In flat bands of two-dimensional materials, the mass of charge carriers increases dramatically and the Coulomb energy of the charge carriers can be much larger than the quenched kinetic energy. When the flat band is partially filled, electron-electron interactions can drive electrons to form exotic correlated phases, such as quantum Hall ferromagnetism, fractional quantum Hall effect, superconductivity, and quantum anomalous Hall effect. Therefore, flat bands in two-dimensional materials have attracted much attention very recently. In the past few years, the strongly correlated phenomena in flat bands have become a hot topic in community of condensed matter physics. There are several different methods, such as using a perpendicular magnetic field, introducing strained structures, and introducing a twist angle, to realize the flat bands in two-dimensional materials. In this review article, we summarize the methods to realize flat bands in two-dimensional systems and introduce the related novel electronic states when the flat band is partially filled.
Investigation of the Relationships Among Clinical Measures of Foot Posture in Individuals with and Without Pronated Foot
Authors: Kirmizi Muge , Cakiroglu Mehmet Alphan , Sengul Yesim Salik , Elvan Ata , Simsek Ibrahim Engin , Angin Salih
Published: March 2022

Background

Many indirect clinical techniques have been developed to assess foot posture; however, there is relatively little research investigating the relationships among these techniques. We investigated the relationships among the most commonly used clinical measures of foot posture—Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), navicular drop (NDP), navicular drift (NDT), and static and dynamic arch indices (SAI and DAI)—in individuals with normal foot posture and those with pronated foot.

Methods

Sixty-three individuals with FPI-6 scores of 0 to 12 were included. A digital caliper was used to measure NDP and NDT; SAI and DAI were measured by electronic pedobarography. Assessments were applied on the dominant foot. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships among measures. Participants were classified into two groups, pronated foot (n = 33) and normal foot posture (n = 30), based on FPI-6 scores, providing a multisegmental and multiplanar assessment. The independent-samples t test was used to compare groups regarding NDP, NDT, SAI, and DAI.

Results

We found a high correlation between NDP and FPI-6 (r = 0.754) and between NDP and NDT (r = 0.778) (all P < .001). A moderate correlation was found between NDT and FPI-6 (r = 0.599) and between DAI and SAI (r = 0.519) (all P < .001). A negligible correlation was found between NDP and DAI (r = 0.268; P = .033). Furthermore, NDP, NDT, and DAI values were higher in individuals with pronated foot compared with those with normal posture (P < .001 for NDP and NDT; P = .022 for DAI), whereas SAI values were not (P = .837).

Conclusions

These results suggest that there are moderate-to-strong relationships among FPI-6, NDP, and NDT and between SAI and DAI. The NDP, NDT, and DAI are suitable for the classification of foot posture based on FPI-6 scores. This study can guide clinicians and researchers to associate the foot posture measures with each other.
Detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis using aneuploidy and mutation identification in plasma
Authors: Mattox Austin K , Douville Christopher , Silliman Natalie , Ptak Janine , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Popoli Maria , Blair Cherie , Judge Kathy , Pollard Kai , Pratilas Christine , Blakeley Jaishri , Rodriguez Fausto , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Belzberg Allan , Bettegowda Chetan
Published: March 2022

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are the deadliest cancer that arises in individuals diagnosed with neurofibromatosis and account for nearly 5% of the 15,000 soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed in the United States each year. Comprised of neoplastic Schwann cells, primary risk factors for developing MPNST include existing plexiform neurofibromas (PN), prior radiotherapy treatment, and expansive germline mutations involving the entire NF1 gene and surrounding genes. PN develop in nearly 30–50% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and most often grow rapidly in the first decade of life. One of the most important aspects of clinical care for NF1 patients is monitoring PN for signs of malignant transformation to MPNST that occurs in 10–15% of patients. We perform aneuploidy analysis on ctDNA from 883 ostensibly healthy individuals and 28 patients with neurofibromas, including 7 patients with benign neurofibroma, 9 patients with PN and 12 patients with MPNST. Overall sensitivity for detecting MPNST using genome wide aneuploidy scoring was 33%, and analysis of sub-chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) improved sensitivity to 50% while retaining a high specificity of 97%. In addition, we performed mutation analysis on plasma cfDNA for a subset of patients and identified mutations in NF1, NF2, RB1, TP53BP2, and GOLGA2. Given the high throughput and relatively low sequencing coverage required by our assay, liquid biopsy represents a promising technology to identify incipient MPNST.
The extraordinary metabolism of vitamin D
Authors: Wagner Carol L , Hollis Bruce W
Published: March 2022

The placenta plays an important role in how vitamin D is metabolized and supplied to the fetus.
Analyzing the relationship between self-efficacy and impulsivity in amateur soccer referees
Authors: López-Aguilar José , Burgueño Rafael , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso , Onetti-Onetti Wanesa
Published: March 2022

Soccer referees (SRs) are exposed to stressful situations during the competition that can affect decision-making, could be affected by impulsivity during the competition and therefore, require optimal psychological skills. The objective of this study was to ascertain and analyze the relationship between levels of impulsivity and self-efficacy of amateur SRs in the senior category. A total of 21 Spanish SRs participated in this study (age 23.57 ± 2.40 years and 7.81 ± 2.58 seasons of experience). Self-efficacy data were collected with the REFS questionnaire between 48 and 72 h before the competition. The impulsivity data were collected using the UPPS-P questionnaire 60 min before the start the competition. The results indicate that SRs with higher self-efficacy have lower levels of impulsivity, specifically in the dimensions of negative urgency (p < 0.01), positive urgency (p < 0.05), lack of premeditation (p < 0.001), and lack of perseverance (p < 0.001), as well as lower global impulsivity (p < 0.01). However, the SRs with the highest self-efficacy also obtained higher levels in the sensation seeking dimension (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the main finding of this study showed that self-efficacy is influenced by SR impulsivity prior to competition. These novel facts allow us to discover aspects related to decision-making in refereeing that can be trained to reach optimal levels.
Anatomic Study of the Distal Arcade of Superficial Layer of Supinator Muscle
Authors: Jacob Jenny , Isaac Bina
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Compression of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) can cause pain on the lateral aspect of the proximal forearm and weak extension of the wrist and fingers. The distal arcade of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle can entrap the PIN, as it passes beneath it. Knowing the exact location of the distal arcade in relation to adjacent anatomical landmarks can help in decompression of the PIN. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the morphology of the distal arcade of the supinator muscle and its relation with the PIN. Materials and Methods: An anatomic dissection of 40 upper extremities was conducted and the distances of the distal arcade and the PIN from adjacent landmarks were determined from Jan 2016 to Jun 2017. The mean, standard deviation and range were calculated for each of the measurements. The comparison of the parameters between sides was done using paired t-test. Data obtained was tabulated and analysed in Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 16.0. Results: A muscular distal arcade was the most common type seen in 17 (42.5%) upper limb. Distances between the distal arcade and the humero-radial and trans-epicondylar lines were 90.27 mm and 105.62 mm, respectively. The distance from the lateral epicondyle and the entrance and exit of the PIN from supinator was 61.47 mm and 85.60 mm, respectively. The distance between the proximal and distal arcades showed statistically significant difference (p-value=0.041). Conclusion: Knowledge of the anatomic findings of the distal arcade of the superficial layer of the supinator and the localisation of the PIN are important in the surgical management of PIN entrapment.
Variant Anatomy of Popliteal Vessels- A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Angel . , Jain Anjali , Rana Parminder Kaur
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The popliteal fossa is a narrow intermuscular space posterior to knee joint. This area is vulnerable during knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy. Therefore, awareness of anatomical variations in the popliteal fossa is important for anatomists, radiologists and surgeons. Popliteal Artery (PA) is frequently affected by penetrating and blunt trauma involving the lower extremity. Therefore, exposure of this artery is often required in both emergency and elective vascular procedures. The Popliteal Vein (PV) is formed at the distal border of popliteus. Pulmonary embolisms originate in deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities. The thrombus forms in the calf veins and subsequently embolize to the lungs. With continued increase of interventional procedures, the anatomical variations in the region of popliteal fossa may have an influence on the success of surgical reconstruction, transluminal angioplasty or embolectomy. Aim: To study the morphology and variations in popliteal vessels by dissection. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cadaveric study which was conducted on 30 lower limbs belonging to 15 formalin fixed adult human cadavers. Properly embalmed adult human cadavers were included in the study. Cadavers with any lower limb deformity or with history of surgery in popliteal fossa were excluded from the study. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and expressed in percentage. Results: According to the classification given by Kim D et al., 96.6% cases were classified as Type IA. Higher bifurcation of PA into posterior tibial and common trunk of anterior tibial and peroneal was described as Type IIB. In addition, the PV was seen to be formed at the lower border of popliteus in 28 specimens (93.33%). Two specimens (6.67%) showed a variable level of formation. Conclusion: Considering such variable morphology of structures in the popliteal fossa, the surgeons operating around the knee joint should be aware of the possible variations in order to avoid undue complications.
Abnormal Congenital Peritoneal Bands: A Retrospective Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sar Mamata , Singh Sabita , Behera Sarita , Mishra Srikanta Kumar
Published: March 2022

ntroduction: Peritoneal folds are double layered peritoneal membranes produced during reflexion of peritoneum from viscera to the body wall or between adjacent viscera. They are named as ligaments, mesenteries, omentum etc. Sometimes during the course of development some abnormal peritoneal folds develop, which are of surgical importance because these folds or bands may constrict a part of intestine leading to obstruction and gangrene. These sometimes produce peritoneal recesses, which are the potential sites for internal herniation. Aim: To study abnormal peritoneal folds in cadavers. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study, conducted on 40 cadavers during August 2010-July 2020. Abdominal cavity was dissected and carefully observed for organisation of viscera and peritoneal reflexions in the abdominal cavity. Results: Out of 40 cadavers, congenital abnormal peritoneal bands were found in four cases and two cases had multiple peritoneal bands. Three cases had associated congenital abnormalities of the gut. One case of nonrotation of gut was observed, where small intestine was situated on the right side and colon on the left side. In this case, the ascending colon was fixed by a peritoneal band to right upper abdominal wall. In the second case, there was incomplete fusion of descending mesocolon. The mobile segment of descending colon was fixed by an abnormal peritoneal band. In the third case, there was absorption of pelvic mesocolon. Conclusion: Though the cause of development of abnormal peritoneal band is not very clear, this study shows that they may be present in cases of abnormal rotation or abnormal peritoneal fixation of gut.
A Cross-sectional Study on Morphology and Position of Pterion in Andhra Pradesh Population
Authors: Ramulu Mutyalapati Venkata , Sasidhar Pitapurapu , Shivaprasad Somesh M , Eluru Ravitheja
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pterion is the important surgical landmark in temporal fossa, deeper to which vital areas of the brain are located. Injuries are common at this suture area due to confluence of multiple bones which are relatively slender and weak. Since the variations in morphology of the pterion is common, thorough knowledge of its location, types and subtypes, helps health professionals of varied speciality to confidently explore this area and perform the necessary interventions. Aim: This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of pterion, position of pterion, and compare the morphological variance between the right and left side among adult human skulls in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study on human skull bones was conducted in Apollo institute of medical sciences and research, Chittoor, and Great eastern medical school and hospital, Srikakulam of Andhra Pradesh state in India from June 2020-August 2020. The study was conducted on 54 adult dried human skulls with well-defined sutures. The pterions of both sides of the skulls were keenly observed and studied for the type and subtypes of Pterions based on Murphy’s classification. The position of pterion was measured from Frontozygomatic Suture (FZS) and Midpoint of Zygomatic Arch (MZA) with Vernier callipers. Data was analysed with descriptive statistics and also compared with earlier research works. Results: Sphenoparietal 89 (82.4%) was the commonly observed pterion type in the present study, frontotemporal pterion was not found. Pterion was positioned at a Mean distance of 3.16±0.48 cm and 3.20±0.50 cm from frontozygomatic arch on right and left side, respectively. From MZA the pterion was present at 3.70±0.35 cm and 3.78±0.35 cm on right and left side, respectively. Conclusion: The present study reveals variations in sutural morphology pattern and position of pterion in the skulls oftentimes. Notable difference was observed while comparing the position of pteria with other country population. Cognizance of such variations would help the radiologists, neurosurgeons and forensic experts to diagnose opine and treat judiciously.
A Case Series of Recalcitrant Pemphigus
Authors: Kannan Rajkumar , Daniel Samuel Jayaraj , Poornima . , Aravamuthan Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Pemphigus consists of a group of life threatening autoimmune bullous disorders characterised by flaccid blisters and erosions of the skin and mucosal membranes of oral, laryngeal, conjunctival, pharyngeal, anal, vaginal etc. Pemphigus vulgaris involves mucosa in 50- 70% of the patients. Pemphigus is associated with other autoimmune disorders like myasthenia gravis and thymoma. Primary subsets of pemphigus include pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Pemphigus vulgaris constitutes nearly 70% of cases of pemphigus, with its antigens desmoglein 1 and 3, which are calcium dependent calmodulins, being the crucial targets for IgG1 and IgG4 classes of antibodies. If left untreated at an early stage, pemphigus vulgaris is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The authors present a case series of recalcitrant pemphigus with focus on the various factors that affect the disease outcomes, morbidity and mortality
Administrators’ Conflict Management Styles and the Schools’ Climate among the Secondary Schools of Davao Occidental
Authors: Villanueva Junelyn C. , Moleño Roleen B.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between the school administrators’ conflict management styles and the schools’ climate. Descriptive-correlational method was employed to describe the conflict management styles of the schools’ administrators and the school climate. Simple-random sampling design was used on determining the respondents.

Results of the study showed that the poor communication, differences in personality and different values were always observed as sources of conflict in the secondary schools and the often observed was competition. It was also found that the top conflict management style of the school heads was on dominating style. Based on data acquired in the school climate, school working environment and students’ involvements were excellent and teachers’ work satisfaction was above average.

All conflict management styles significantly affect the school climate of the secondary schools in Davao Occidental. This implies that school heads have effectively applied all conflict management styles because it significantly resulted in an excellent and positive school climate in terms of school working environment, teachers’ job satisfaction and students’ engagement.

Thus, school heads should mostly apply the dominating style of managing conflict for effective school leadership.
Anti-Type I Diabetic Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Aegle marmelos on Streptozotocin Induced Rat Model
Authors: Haimed Yousef Ahmed Saleh , Sharma Pankaj Kumar , Jha Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2022

Aegle marmelos, generally acknowledged as Bael, is being ancient in Ayurveda for the therapy of a number of disorders. All the components on it tree along with stem, bark, root, leaves, fruit and seeds at all stages of maturity have medicinal virtues and have been recorded in Ethno-medicine.

Aims: The present investigation study the Anti-Type I diabetic activity of the methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos on STZ induced rat model.

Study Design: In-vivo study in rat model

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka college of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India, between Jan 2021 to Dec 2021.

Methodology: Extracted Aegle marmelos was to be evaluated the toxicity as per the OECD guidelines and biochemical, hematological and gross pathological analysis has been assessed. Type I Diabetes has been induced in Wistar rats through STZ 65mg/kg/b.w. I.P. During the experiment, Rat’s BW and FBS level were monitored. At the end of study, animals among all groups namely Group I: Normal control, Group II: STZ 65mg/kg, Group III: STZ + Insulin 4Ukg/b.w., Group IV: Aegle marmelos 250mg/kg and Group V: Aegle marmelos 500mg/kg were sacrificed and biochemical parameters like Lipid profile, C-Peptide, HbA1c, Serum insulin, pancreatic insulin, and histology of pancreas had been observed. Aegle marmelos was also screened for pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA test. Furthermore, Antioxidant Enzyme like SOD, CAT, LPO and GSH were performed.

Results: The observed extract Aegle marmelos was shown safe in the toxicity data; B.W, Lipid Profile, RFT, LFT, hematological parameters were shown in the limit range and the vital organ tissue histology were not shown any anatomical and structural abnormalities. The findings of the other parameters have been shown significant impact in vivo to manage the diabetic markers like weight gain, blood glucose, lipid profile, C-Peptide, HbA1c, secretion of insulin, and pancreatic insulin. Diabetic pancreas of rats confirmed fall of beta cell density and disruption of normal architecture. But treated group were found to restore the mass of beta cells. Mediator of inflammatory cytokines like increased in STZ group and was inhibited by test chemicals. Elevated oxidative enzymes also have been seen to control upon the treatment with Aegle marmelos.

Conclusion: All this findings and phytoconstituents present within the extract should be the possible chemical substances concerned in the prevention of diabetes.
Evaluating Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Pakistani Dental Professionals Regarding Silver Diamine Fluoride
Authors: Samejo Imran , Kumar Bharat , Ali Shahid , Hussain Imdad , Sunny . , Sahito Muhammad Amin
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude regarding Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) among Pakistani Dental Professionals worked at various institutes of Karachi.

Methodology: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among the house surgeons, general dental practitioners and specialists worked at various institutes of Karachi. Questionnaire was distributed among 375 participants through social media. Questionnaire was kept on google forum and link was sent to all participants through social media including Facebook, WhatsApp by non-probability consecutive sampling. Questionnaire was composed of two portions. Questions in first portion were related to demographic data and in second portion of Questionnaire had 13 closed ended questions regarding Knowledge and Approach towards Silver Diamine Fluoride. Statistical package for social sciences SPSS-25 was used for data entry and analysis with descriptive statistic, which used frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: Out of the total 375 participants, 160(43%) were male and 215 (57%) female. Mean age of participants was 33 + 11.8 years. 191(51%) heard about SDF and only 108(29%) attended lectures/discussions about SDF. 189(50.40%) responded that SDF is used in enamel lesion. 251(67%) participants responded that SDF is used in both anterior and posterior teeth. Only 160(42.66%) of participants responded that SDF is used for both dentitions. 122(32.53%) were agreed that SDF is an alternative to removing dental lesion by a dental drill, while only 118 (31.47%) agreed that many patients would not accept treatment of dental caries with SDF due to the permanent black staining of the carious lesion. 240 (64%) of participants were disagree about the SDF require the use of local anesthesia and more than half of participants responded that the silver is an antimicrobial ingredient in SDF. 237(63.2%) of participants responded that SDF is indicated in Children with High caries rate and most of them responded that black staining of tooth is main disadvantage and barrier to the use of SDF. Majority of participants did not know about reapplication interval for use of SDF.

Conclusion: SDF is an appropriate alternative for restoring dental cavities in children. As it doesn’t require local anesthesia, it is the safest way to limit the progression of lesion in patient with high caries index. But there are some barriers related to the use of SDF in their regular dental practice is that, SDF causes permanent staining of tooth and also practitioners had little knowledge about their application protocols and recall or reapplication intervals.
Excavations at Maybury Park, Edinburgh (1990–2)
Authors: Moloney Colm , Lawson John A , Johnson Daniel , Saville Alan , Sheridan Alison , McGill Catherine , Hastie Mhairi , Dean Valerie
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of a series of excavations carried out by the City of Edinburgh Council Archaeology Service between 1990 and 1992 in advance of the Edinburgh Park development (NGR: NT 178 720). Following a programme of test excavations, seven areas were opened up for excavation. Three of these contained significant archaeology dating to the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages. The main findings included a Neolithic trackway, evidence for Bronze Age settlement and a large stone-built structure dating to the beginning of the 1st millennium AD.
Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Khiewkamrop Phuriwat , Surangkul Damratsamon , Srikummool Metawee , Richert Lysiane , Pekthong Dumrongsak , Parhira Supawadee , Somran Julintorn , Srisawang Piyarat
Published: March 2022

The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT‐29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH‐7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage‐triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT‐29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg·kg−1 EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCG treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG‐induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of ATP synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG‐induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: RAFT
Authors: Moad Graeme
Published: March 2022

RAFT polymerization is a form of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), which with appropriate attention to reagents and reaction conditions can possess the attributes usually associated with living polymerization (molar mass control, low molar mass dispersity (
Đ
), high end‐group fidelity, capacity for continued chain growth, and access to complex architectures). This article provides an overview of the RAFT mechanism and guidelines for selection of conditions for RAFT polymerization (including selection of monomers, RAFT agents, and initiation processes) for the synthesis of blocks, stars, and networks. Finally, we provide details of methods for RAFT end‐group transformation/removal.
Living/Controlled Radical Polymerization: Nitroxide‐mediated Polymerization
Authors: Lefay Catherine , Morris Jason C. , Lin Anna , Guillaneuf Yohann , Gigmes Didier
Published: March 2022

This article summarizes the main achievements in the field of nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) in recent years. Particular attention is paid to the development of the most efficient nitroxides in NMP and also to the potential of this technique for obtaining materials with advanced properties and on the radical nitroxide‐mediated photopolymerization (NMP2).