bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different brain structures exhibit the same caffeine levels after the administration of a single dose of caffeine
Authors: Orrego Cardozo Mary , Jiménez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Osorio-Forero Alejandro , Restrepo Francia , Arias Juan Miguel , Tamayo-Orrego Lukas
Published: April 2017

Caffeine is a highly consumed stimulant of the nervous system. Although caffeine has diverse effects on different brain functions, little is known about the specific pharmacokinetics of this substance in the brain. For instance, most studies that assessed caffeine distribution in the rat brain have only measured caffeine levels in the cortex and striatum but not in more specific brain areas.Aims: The purpose of this work was to measure the caffeine concentration in blood and different brain regions (i.e. cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum and brainstem) at different times after the administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of caffeine.Methods: Adult Wistar rats (250 to 300 gr) were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of 30 mg/ Kg of caffeine. 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes after administration, subjects were sacrificed by decapitation and samples of plasma, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum and brainstem were obtained. Caffeine levels in the blood and each brain structure were measured by RP-HPLC and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Caffeine levels were higher in the plasma compared to all the brain structures studied. Different brain regions displayed similar caffeine concentrations. For all brain regions, the maximal concentration levels of caffeine were reached in the first 40 minutes after caffeine administration.Conclusions: The results support previous studies that show similar caffeine concentration between cortex and striatum, but also extend the results to other brain structures. Furthermore, caffeine concentration increases similarly in the plasma and brain structures. 40, 60 and 80 minutes after administration, caffeine concentration in the blood is almost two times higher than in the brain. This suggests that the effects of caffeine on different brain functions do not depend on pharmacokinetic differences between brain areas and are rather explained by pharmacodynamics.
Caracterización bioquímica de extractos acuosos de ulomoides dermestoides (coleoptera, tenebrionidae): exploración de la inhibición dual de la lipoxigenasa (15-lox) y ciclooxigenasas (cox-1 y cox-2)
Authors: Mendoza Meza Dary Luz , Sánchez Catalán Karen , Saavedra Ahumada Stephanie
Published: April 2017

Ulomoides dermestoides es usado en medicina tradicional oriental para aliviar enfermedades inflamatorias y como afrodisíaco. En Colombia, comunidades campesinas lo consumen para el tratamiento del asma. El propósito de este estudio fue obtener extractos acuosos del cuerpo entero de U. dermestoides y explorar su potencial para inhibir enzimas involucradas en la biosíntesis de reguladores de la inflamación, la 15-lipoxigenasa (15-LOX) y las ciclooxigenasas COX-1 y COX-2 (COXs). Los extractos se obtuvieron con tampón salino fosfato 0,01M (PBS) y bicarbonato de amonio 0,1M (NH4 HCO3 ), en presencia de un detergente (Tween-20 o Dodecilsulfato sódico, SDS). Posteriormente se determinó el contenido de proteínas totales solubles, el perfil electroforético y las actividades enzimáticas a 19 hidrolasas. Las inhibiciones 15-LOX y COXs se midieron por método colorimétrico y por inmunoensayo enzimático, respectivamente. El rendimiento más alto de proteínas se obtuvo con el tampón PBS/SDS (1,603 %p/p). Este extracto mostró 13 bandas electroforéticas mayoritarias, con tamaños entre 8,8 y 151,2 kDa; también, se demostraron actividades enzimáticafosfosfohidrolasas, peptidasas, esterasas, β-glucoronidasa, α-glucosidasa, N-acetil-β-glucosaminidasa y α-manosidasa. Todos los extractos mostraron actividad inhibitoria dual 15-LOX y COXs. Las inhibiciones 15-LOX y COX-1 más altas se obtuvieron con el extracto obtenido con PBS/SDS (15-LOX: 62,8±2,0%; COX-1: 88,5±3,9%). Adicionalmente, un análisis de regresión lineal simple mostró que no hay asociación entre la concentración de proteínas y la inhibición 15-LOX (valor p = 0,493), este resultado sugiere que la actividad antilipooxigenasa podría ser debido a compuestos no proteicos.
Blastocystis sp: evidencias de su rol patógeno
Authors: Taylor-Orozco Viviana , López-Fajardo Alison , Muñoz-Marroquín Ineselena , Hurtado-Benítez Mario , Ríos-Ramírez Karina
Published: April 2017

Blastocystis sp. es un parásito de distribución mundial, que se transmite por vía fecal-oral, colonizando el tracto gastrointestinal, tanto de animales como de humanos. Existen múltiples factores que favorecen su transmisión tales como el pobre saneamiento, el consumo de alimentos contaminados y la propagación de vectores. Este parásito ha despertado gran interés científico y clínico en los últimos años, por su potencial asociación con enfermedad; sin embargo, no ha sido posible establecer con exactitud su rol patógeno. También ha sido considerado agente oportunista, por su alta prevalencia en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, específicamente en aquellos con VIH/SIDA y cáncer. Actualmente, en el GenBank se han descrito secuencias de 33 subtipos (STs) diferentes, si bien en la literatura solo se encuentran reportados 17 subtipos hasta el momento, de los cuales 9 han sido aislados en el ser humano. Aunque buena parte de los estudios reportan a ST3 como el de mayor prevalencia, unos cuantos autores sugieren predominio de ST1 y ST4 en ciertas zonas, indicando que algunos subtipos varían dependiendo de la distribución geográfica. Varios de estos STs se han relacionado directamente con sintomatología gastrointestinal aguda y crónica e incluso con manifestaciones clínicas extraintestinales, encontrándose con mayor frecuencia el ST3 en pacientes sintomáticos, generalmente seguido de ST1 y en algunos casos de ST2. Además, se han reportado infecciones mixtas, de las cuales la más común se ha presentado entre los ST1 – ST3. En Latinoamérica, y particularmente en Colombia, se han desarrollado pocas investigaciones orientadas a identificar y definir la prevalencia, coinfección y potencial patógeno de las diferentes formas y subtipos conocidos de Blastocystis sp., por lo cual el conocimiento que se tiene hasta el momento es escaso e inespecífico, requiriéndose más estudios que permitan obtener mayor información al respecto.
Effect of a School-Based Supervised Tooth Brushing Program In Mexico City: A Cluster Randomized Intervention
Authors: Borges-Yáñez S Aída , Castrejón-Pérez Roberto Carlos , Camacho María Esther Irigoyen
Published: April 2017

Large-scale school-based programs effectively provide health education and preventive strategies. SaludARTE is a school-based program, including supervised tooth brushing, implemented in 51 elementary schools in Mexico City. Objectives: To assess the three-month efficacy of supervised tooth brushing in reducing dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and bleeding on probing in schoolchildren participating in SaludARTE. Study Design: This was a pragmatic cluster randomized intervention, with two parallel branches. Four randomly selected schools participating in SaludARTE (n=200) and one control school, which did not participate in the program (CG) (n=50), were assessed. Clusters were not randomly allocated to intervention. The main outcomes were as follows: mean percentage gingival units with no inflammation, dental surfaces with no dental plaque, and gingival margins with no bleeding. The independent variable was supervised tooth brushing at school once a day after a meal. Guardians and children responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic and oral hygiene practices, and children were examined dentally. Mean percentage differences were compared (baseline and follow-up). Results: A total of 75% of guardians from the intervention group (IG) and 77% from the CG answered the questionnaire. Of these, 89.3% were women, with a mean age of 36.9±8.5 years. No differences in sociodemographic variables were observed between groups, and 151 children from the IG and 35 from the CG were examined at baseline and follow-up. Mean percentage differences for plaque-free surfaces (8.8±28.5%) and healthy gingival units (23.3%±23.2%) were significantly higher in the IG. Conclusion: The school-supervised tooth brushing program is effective in improving oral hygiene and had a greater impact on plaque and gingivitis than on gingival bleeding. It is necessary to reinforce the oral health education component of the program.
Post-Discharge Events Occurring after Dental Treatment under Deep Sedation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Davidovich Esti , Meltzer Liron , Efrat Jacob , Gozal David , Ram Diana
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Deep sedation is often required in dentistry for treating children with uncooperative behavior. We assessed immediate post-sedation events during the first 24 hours after dental treatment under deep sedation in children, and examined correlations to a number of variables. Study design: Information was collected from medical files for a convenience sample of children between the ages of 1 and 16, who were treated under deep sedation at one clinic (propofol alone or combined with a sedative agent). Parents were interviewed by telephone regarding the first 24 hours following treatment.

Results: Among 32 children under age 6 years, 26 (81.3%) had at least one post sedation complication, compared to 19/22 (86.4%) aged 6 and older, p>0.05. According to parent report, 13 (59.1%) of the older children had pain, compared to 6 (18.8%) of the younger ones, p=0.002. For no patient in the younger group compared to 18.2% in the older group was dizziness reported as a complication, p=0.023. Among those who received a sedative agent, 93.3% had one or more complications; 26.7% had nausea or vomiting. The respective rates were 79.5% and 5.1% among those treated only with propofol. Conclusions: Though safe, deep sedation poses complications and adverse events.
Defoliation at different vegetative stages and assessment of morphological and yield components
Authors: Nardino Maicon , Souza Velci Queiróz de , Bahry Carlos André , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Caron Braulio Otomar , Zimmer Paulo Dejalma , Busanello Carlos
Published: April 2017

Objective was to evaluate the influence of defoliation of a soybean cultivar indeterminate growth in different vegetative stages on morphological characters and yield components. The study was conducted in the years 2010/11 and 2011/12. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications for each year. The treatments were: T1: No defoliation; T2: Defoliation in V4, T3: Defoliation in V4 and V5, T4: Defoliation in V4, V5 and V6, T5: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6 and V7, T6: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6, V7 and V8 and T7: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 and V9. The variables analyzed were: main stem height, number and length of branches, first pod, number of pods per node on the main stem, and the branches per plant, number of reproductive nodes on the main stem, the branches, number of us total on the main stem, the branches, distance between us and grain yield. Grazing did not influence most of the morphological characters and increments the number of pods on the stem in years with good water availability and high levels of defoliation, and yield of soybean.
Effect of rice cooking methods on postprandial glycaemic response, satiety and palatability, and chewed particle size distribution
Authors: Lu Louise Weiwei , Venn Bernard , Lu Jun , Monro John , Rush Elaine
Published: April 2017

Background: Globally, hot cooked refined rice is consumed in large quantities and is a major contributor to dietary glycaemic load. This study aimed to compare the glycaemic potency of hot and cold stored parboiled rice to widely available medium grain white rice. Method: Twenty-eight healthy volunteers participated in a three treatment experiment where postprandial blood glucose was measured over 120 minutes after consumption of 140g of rice. Three rice samples were freshly cooked medium-grain white rice, freshly cooked parboiled rice, and parboiled rice stored overnight at 4 ºC. All rice was served warm at 65 ºC. Chewing time was recorded. Results: The 24-hours cold-stored and reheated parboiled rice resulted in a 42% and 12% lower blood glucose concentration trajectory than freshly cooked medium-grain white rice and freshly cooked parboiled rice. Chewing time for 10g cold stored parboiled rice was 6 seconds (25%) longer and was considered more palatable, visually appealing and better tasting than freshly cooked medium grain (all P<0.05). Conclusions:. For regular consumers of rice reheating cooked rice after cold storage would lower the dietary glycaemic load and long term may reduce risk for type 2 and gestational diabetes. More trials are needed to identify the significance.
Effect of Twisting and Stretching on Magneto Resistance and Spin Filtration in CNTs
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Choudhary Sudhanshu
Published: April 2017

Spin dependent quantum transport properties in twisted carbon nanotube and stretched carbon nanotube are calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium green’s function (NEGF) formulation. Twisting and stretching have no effect on spin transport in CNTs at low bias voltages. However, at high bias voltages the effects are significant. Stretching restricts any spin-up current in antiparallel configuration (APC) which results in higher magneto resistance (MR). Twisting allows spin-up current almost equivalent to the pristine CNT case resulting in lower MR. High spin filtration is observed in PC and APC for pristine, stretched and twisted structures at all applied voltages. In APC, at low voltages spin filtration in stretched CNT is higher than in pristine and twisted ones with pristine giving higher spin filtration than twisted CNT.
Entropy in Natural Time and the Associated Complexity Measures
Authors: Sarlis Nicholas V.
Published: April 2017

Natural time is a new time domain introduced in 2001. The analysis of time series associated with a complex system in natural time may provide useful information and may reveal properties that are usually hidden when studying the system in conventional time. In this new time domain, an entropy has been defined and complexity measures based on this entropy as well as its value under time-reversal have been introduced and found applications in various complex systems. Here, we review these applications in the electric signals that precede rupture, e.g., earthquakes, in the analysis of electrocardiograms, as well as in global atmospheric phenomena like the El Nino/La Nina Southern Oscillation.
Females with Unexplained Joint Pain Following Total Joint Arthroplasty Exhibit a Higher Rate and Severity of Hypersensitivity to Implant Metals Compared with Males
Authors: Caicedo Marco S. , Solver Edward , Coleman Latasha , Jacobs Joshua J. , Hallab Nadim J.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Recent studies indicate that females demonstrate an increased risk of experiencing adverse local tissue reactions, aseptic loosening, and revision after primary metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty compared with males; the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for sex discrepancies in implant failure remain unclear. In addition to anatomical and biomechanical sex differences, there may be inherent immunological disparities that predispose females to more aggressive adaptive immune reactivity to implant debris, i.e., metal sensitivity.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, we analyzed sex-associated rates and levels of metal sensitization in 1,038 male and 1,575 female subjects with idiopathic joint pain following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) who were referred for in vitro metal-sensitivity testing.

Results:

Females demonstrated a significantly higher rate and severity of metal sensitization compared with males. The median lymphocyte stimulation index (SI) among males was 2.8 (mean, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 6.0) compared with 3.5 (mean, 8.2; 95% CI, 7.4 to 9.0) among females (p < 0.05). Forty-nine percent of females had an SI of ≥4 (reactive) compared with 38% of males, and the implant-related level of pain was also significantly (p < 0.0001) higher among females (mean, 6.8; 95% CI, 6.6 to 6.9) compared with males (mean, 6.1; 95% CI, 6.0 to 6.3).

Conclusions:

In a select group of patients who had joint pain following TJA and no evidence of infection and who were referred for metal-sensitivity testing, females exhibited a higher level of pain and demonstrated a higher rate and severity (as measured by lymphocyte SI) of metal sensitization compared with males.

Level of Evidence:

PrognosticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Черноморский флот и изучение жизни южных морей (конец XIX — начало XX вв.)
Authors: Игнатьев С. М.
Published: April 2017

На основании анализа архивных источников исследуется уникальная роль военного флота в становлении отечественной гидробиологии. Проводя экспедиционные изыскания и формируя для них материальную базу, русский флот фактически создал отечественную гидробиологическую школу, направленную на решение его нужд, смог начать самостоятельные, свободные от иностранного участия исследования южного региона на мировом уровне.
Рецензия на книгу: Kamenir Yu. An Ideal Ecosystem and Several Problems of Our Time (New York, Nova Publishers, 2016, 140 p.)
Authors: Празукин А. В.
Published: April 2017

В рецензии подробно, по главам, изложены основные положения книги [Каменир Ю. Идеальная экосистема и некоторые проблемы нашего времени. Нью-Йорк : Изд-во Нова, 2016. 140 с.]. Обращается внимание на их актуальность и значимость в современной науке и человеческом обществе
Выявление летального токсического воздействия сероводорода на черноморских рачков-бокоплавов Orchestia bottae (Milne-Edwards, 1840) in vitro — в проточных инкубационных камерах
Authors: Гулин M. Б.
Published: April 2017

Было изучено воздействие сероводорода на некоторых представителей морского зообентоса в серии экспериментов с использованием окислительно-восстановительного потенциала в проточных инкубационных камерах. Результаты всех экспериментов показали быструю гибель О. bottae под действием сероводорода и, наоборот, относительно высокое сопротивление O. bottae к краткосрочному дефициту растворенного кислорода.
Влияние состава культуральной среды на количество агара, пигментов и рост черноморского Gelidium spinosum
Authors: Беляев Б. Н. , Береговая Н. М.
Published: April 2017

Результаты исследований влияния добавок Fe, Mo, Mg и Cu на ростовые характеристики и содержание пигментов и агара в талломах черноморского гелидиума Gelidium spinosum (Grev.) Born. et Thur. (Rodophyta) при повышении солёности черноморской воды до 26 ‰, обогащении её азотом до 4.8 и фосфором до 0.8 мг/л (среда А) показали, что добавки хелатированного хлорного железа в количестве 0.5 мг на литр (питательная среда Б) не только сохраняют жизнеспособность гелидиума в течение годичного цикла, но и повышают содержание агара на 30 %, а каротиноидов и хлорофилла — более чем в 2 раза, но уровень фикоэритрина снижают на 38 %, а на этапе адаптации к культуре увеличивают среднюю удельную скорость его весового роста «µ» в 3–5 раз. Добавление в среду Б молибдена до 0.018 мг/л повышает СКр и СХл на 30 %, но снижает СФэ на 40 %, а до 0.3 мг/л — увеличивает «µ» на 18 %. Медь в среде Б до 0.12 мг/л уменьшает СКр в 2 раза, СХл — в 1.9 раза и СФэ — в 1.4 раза, а магний (до 120 мг/л) увеличивает «µ» на 19 %, СФЭ — на 60 %, СХл — на 75 %, СКр — в 2 раза. При совместном обогащении питательной среды Б магнием (50 мг/л) и медью (0.05 мг/л) Mg способствует увеличению уровня фикоэритрина на 36.8 %, хлорофилла — на 33 %, суммарных каротиноидов — на 8.5 % и «µ» — на 5.3 %. При этом Сu непосредственно увеличивает концентрацию фикоэритрина на 9.5 % (в течение двух недель), уменьшает «µ» на 12.6 %, а во взаимодействии с Mg — ещё на 10.3 % уменьшает «µ», но на 10 % повышает уровень суммарных каротиноидов.
Абсорбция кислорода донными осадками прибрежных районов Севастополя (Чёрное море) в процессе утилизации органического вещества
Authors: Чекалов В. П.
Published: April 2017

Формирование кислородного режима водоёмов тесно связано с интенсивностью биологических процессов в донных отложениях. Целью нашей работы являлось определение, в том числе с использованием оригинальных методических подходов, роли различных групп бактерий в утилизации кислорода при окислении органических веществ в донных отложениях прибрежных вод Севастополя. Суммарное потребление кислорода (СПК) бактериальным сообществом рассматривается как совокупность процессов аэробного потребления кислорода (АПК) и кислородной нейтрализации восстановленных продуктов анаэробио-за (КНВС). В поверхностном 0.01-см слое связывалось в среднем порядка 40 % кислорода. Значения АПК изменялись в направлении от устья к кутовой части Севастопольской бухты, снижаясь с 2.69 до 1.82 мкгО2·см-2·ч-1. Сопоставимые величины его потока через единицу поверхности различных по механическому составу донных осадков являются следствием соотношения разной глубины проникновения в их толщу кислорода и плотности бактериального населения. Возможные темпы утилизации органического углерода в поверхностном слое грунтов колебались в пределах 1.57–2.76, а в палеоруслах рек Чёрная и Бельбек они достигали соответственно 1.13 и 0.34 мкгС·г-1·ч-1. Скорость продуцирования восстановленных соединений в пересчёте на сероводород колебалась от 0.10 до 0.65 мкг·г-1·ч-1. В условиях реальных температур доля активной анаэробной микрофлоры составляла 7.5–87.5 % от возможного при этом максимума, а оксифильной – 0.2–31.0 %. Таким образом, при избытке кислорода соотношение его потребления аэробной и, через окисление продуктов метаболизма, анаэробной микрофлорой определяет их потенциальный вклад в процессы редукции органики. Однако реализация этой возможности лимитирована реальным содержанием кислорода и температурным фактором.
Морфологическая изменчивость двух видов морских диатомовых водорослей Nitzschia ventricosa и Ardissonea crystallina (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Шоренко К. И. , Подунай Ю. А. , Давидович О. И. , Куликовский М. С.
Published: April 2017

Актуальность работы обусловлена недостаточной изученностью проблемы понимания объёма видов диатомовых водорослей, особенно в условиях in vitro. Цель исследования – изучить морфологическую изменчивость в культурах двух видов морских пеннатных диатомовых водорослей Nitzschia ventricosa Kitton и Ardissonea crystallina (C. Agardh) Grunow при помощи методов световой и сканирующей электронной микроскопии, а также оценить в эксперименте воздействие солёности на морфологические показатели панциря A. crystallina, использующиеся при диагностике вида; сделать сопутствующие таксономические замечания. Материалом послужили изоляты (клоны и альгологически чистые культуры), полученные в условиях in vitro: изоляты N. ventricosa – из природных популяций прибрежных районов Канарских островов, о-ва Мартиника и штата Техас (Мексиканский залив), изоляты A. crystallinа – из бентосных проб в бухте Казачья (Севастополь, Чёрное море). Морфологическая изменчивость в культурах N. ventricosa и A. crystallinа оказалась сопоставимой с данными, полученными на материале из природных популяций. Обнаруженная вариабельность изученных изолятов позволила уточнить морфологические особенности N. ventricosa. Варьирование в одном клоне N. ventricosa по числу штрихов и фибул оказалось выше, чем обнаруженное в альгологически чистых культурах этого вида. Широкая фенотипическая вариация створок в культурах N. ventricosa и A. crystallinа сопоставима с данными, полученными in situ. Выявлена тенденция возрастания плотности расположения штрихов и ареол и уменьшения ширины клеток A. crystallinа с увеличением солёности в эксперименте. При солёности 8 ‰ вегетативное деление замедлялось, культура погибала. С повышением уровня солёности увеличивались диапазоны варьирования числа штрихов A. crystallinа.
А. О. Ковалевский – блестящего имени славная династия кораблей науки
Authors: Игнатьев С. М.
Published: April 2017

Почти век, сменяя друг друга, служили отечественной морской науке исследовательские суда, носившие на борту имя А. О. Ковалевского. По количеству судов это – самая длинная корабельная династия в научном флоте, на примере которой можно проследить основные этапы его становления. На основании анализа архивных источников для каждого из судов приводятся исторические данные и важнейшие результаты экспедиционных изысканий.
Таксономическое богатство рыб и десятиногих ракообразных прибрежной зоны полуострова Абрау (Северный Кавказ, Чёрное море)
Authors: Карпова Е. П. , Болтачев А. Р. , Статкевич С. В. , Губанов В. В.
Published: April 2017

Недостаточная изученность морской фауны в уникальных природных условиях охраняемых заповедных акваторий делает чрезвычайно актуальным комплексное исследование видового состава гидробионтов прибрежной зоны полуострова Абрау (Кавказский район Чёрного моря). Целью работы являлись проведение инвентаризации видового богатства рыб и десятиногих ракообразных морской прибрежной акватории Абрауского полуострова и оценка современного состояния его таксономической структуры. В ходе экспедиционных исследований в мае и в сентябре 2016 г. изучены таксоцены рыб и десятиногих ракообразных в акватории государственного природного заповедника «Утриш». Исследования проведены классическими методами, включая ихтиопланктонные и ручные сборы, и дополнены методами фото- и видеорегистрации. В результате ревизии видового богатства по литературным и собственным данным установлено, что таксоцен рыб насчитывает 64 вида, относящихся к 46 родам из 36 семейств, принадлежащих 14 отрядам; таксоцен десятиногих ракообразных состоит из 14 видов, принадлежащих 13 родам из 12 семейств и 1 отряда (Decapoda).
EKSISTENSI DAN IDENTITAS DI MEDIA BARU
Authors: Trisilowati Dessy
Published: April 2017

Fenomena baru terjadi di masyarakat,
sebuah jaringan pedofilia online yang dikelola
oleh empat orang melalui akun media sosial
Facebook ‘Official Loly Candys Group 18+’
telah ditangkap Polda Metro Jaya. Awalnya
akun ini dilaporkan oleh komunitas ibu-ibu
eksis yang tidak sengaja menemukannya lalu
merasa resah dengan konten yang menyesakkan.
Anak anak usia sangat belia menjadi
korban pria dewasa dan ini dibuatkan akun di
media sosial dengan jumlah anggota fantastis
7.497, begitu pula dengan postingan yang
mereka perbarui setiap hari dan bermuatan
pornografi anak usia 2-10 tahun sebagai
obyeknya.
Constructed wetland integrated microbial fuel cell system: looking back, moving forward
Authors: Wang Yae , Zhao Yaqian , Xu Lei , Wang Wenke , Doherty Liam , Tang Cheng , Ren Baiming , Zhao Jinhui
Published: April 2017

In the last 10 years, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been extensively studied worldwide to extract energy from wastewater via electricity generation. More recently, a merged technique of embedding MFC into a constructed wetland (CW) has been developed and appears to be increasingly investigated. The driving force to integrate these two technologies lies in the fact that CWs naturally possess a redox gradient (depending on flow direction and wetland depth), which is required by MFCs as anaerobic anode and aerobic cathode chambers. No doubt, the integration of MFC with a CW will upgrade the CW to allow it to be used for wastewater treatment and, simultaneously, electricity generation, making CWs more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Currently, published work shows that India, China, Ireland, Spain, Germany and Malaysia are involved in the development of this technology although it is in its infant stage and many technical issues are faced on system configuration, operation and maximisation of electricity production. This paper aims to provide an updated review and analysis of the CW-MFC development. Focuses are placed on the experience gained so far from different researchers in the literature and further research directions and proposals are discussed in great detail.
Performance of a novel recycling magnetic flocculation membrane filtration process for tetracycline-polluted surface water treatment
Authors: Wang Yufei , Jia Hui , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Jie , Liu Wenjin
Published: April 2017

A recycling magnetic flocculation membrane filtration (RMFMF) process integrating circulating coagulation, magnetic enhanced flocculation and membrane filtration was investigated for the treatment of surface water micro-polluted by tetracycline, a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product. A bench-scale experiment was conducted and several water quality parameters including turbidity, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), total organic carbon and tetracycline concentration were evaluated, taking coagulation membrane filtration and magnetic flocculation membrane filtration processes as reference treatments. The experimental results showed that at the optimum doses of 20 mg·L−1 ferric chloride (FeCl3), 4 mg·L−1 magnetite (Fe3O4) and 6 mg·L−1 reclaimed magnetic flocs in RMFMF processes, removal efficiencies of above evaluated parameters ranged from 55.8% to 92.9%, which performed best. Simultaneously, the largest average particle size of 484.71 μm and the highest fractal dimension of 1.37 of flocs were achieved, which did not only present the best coagulation effect helpful in enhancing the performance of removing multiple contaminants, but also lead to the generation of loose and porous cake layers favouring reduced permeate flux decline and membrane fouling.
The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment and reuse of urban wastewater for the irrigation of two warm-season turfgrass species under Mediterranean climatic conditions
Authors: Licata Mario , Tuttolomondo Teresa , Leto Claudio , La Bella Salvatore , Virga Giuseppe
Published: April 2017

Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent low-cost technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in urban areas. This study aimed to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of a CW system and to assess the effects of irrigation using treated urban wastewater on soil and on two warm-season turf species. The research was carried out in Sicily (Italy) on a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system which was fed with treated urban wastewater following secondary treatment from an activated-sludge wastewater treatment plant. The pilot system was located in an open urban park and comprised two separate parallel planted units. Experimental fields of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Paspalum vaginatum Sw. were set up close to the system and irrigated with both treated wastewater (TWW) and freshwater (FW). Irrigation with TWW did not result in a significant variation in soil pH and soil salinity in the topsoil. The turf species tolerated high sodium levels in the soil due to TWW irrigation. Savings in FW and mineral fertilizers were deemed significant. The results highlight the fact that use of CW systems for the treatment and reuse of wastewater can represent a sustainable way to obtain alternative water resources for turfgrass irrigation in urban areas.
Assessing biodiesel quality parameters for wastewater grown Chlorella sp.
Authors: Bagul Samadhan Yuvraj , K. Bharti Randhir , Dhar Dolly Wattal
Published: April 2017

Microalgae are reported as the efficient source of renewable biodiesel which should be able to meet the global demand of transport fuels. Present study is focused on assessment of wastewater grown indigenous microalga Chlorella sp. for fuel quality parameters. This was successfully grown in secondary treated waste water diluted with tap water (25% dilution) in glass house. The microalga showed a dry weight of 0.849 g L−1 with lipid content of 27.1% on dry weight basis on 21st day of incubation. After transesterification, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 80.64% with major fatty acids as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The physical parameters predicted from empirical equations in the biodiesel showed cetane number as 56.5, iodine value of 75.5 g I2 100 g−1, high heating value 40.1 MJ kg−1, flash point 135 °C, kinematic viscosity 4.05 mm2 s−1 with density of 0.86 g cm3 and cold filter plugging point as 0.7 °C. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), 1H, 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the chemical nature of biodiesel. The results indicated that the quality of biodiesel was almost as per the criterion of ASTM standards; hence, wastewater grown Chlorella sp. can be used as a promising strain for biodiesel production.
O “traficante” não vai à escola: processos de escolarização de adolescentes com envolvimento no tráfico de drogas
Authors: Pessoa Alex Sandro Gomes , Coimbra Renata Maria
Published: April 2017

Este artigo analisa o contexto escolar de adolescentes com histórico de envolvimento no tráfico de drogas, bem como explicita dados sobre as experiências educacionais em escolas regulares e àquelas frequentadas durante a aplicação de medidas socioeducativas. Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo que contou com a participação de 577 adolescentes e jovens (M = 16,01; DP = 1,54), de ambos os sexos e que residem em três municípios de médio porte localizados no interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados dois questionários e um roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturado. Os resultados apontam um histórico de fracasso das instituições escolares na vida dos adolescentes com envolvimento no tráfico, marcado por reprovações, expulsões e falta de sentidos. Paradoxalmente, as experiências em escolas, inseridas em instituições de medidas socioeducativas, mostraram-se mais positivas e sugerem a possibilidade da ressignificação das trajetórias escolares. Tais achados abrem espaço para novos recortes investigativos e trazem implicações para o campo educacional.
Quantitative evaluation of osteogenesis through infrared light
Authors: Lomelí Mejía Pedro Alejandro , González Lomelín Pablo Alfonso , Lecona Butrón Hugo , Domínguez Rubio René , León Hernández Saúl Renan , Luna Valdéz Itzel Xantal , Domínguez Hernández Víctor Manuel
Published: April 2017

Veterinaria México OA ISSN: 2448-6760Cite this as:Lomelí Mejía PA, González Lomelín PA, Lecona Butrón H, Domínguez-Rubio R, León-Hernández SR, Luna-Valdéz IX, Domínguez-Hernández V. Quantitative evaluation of osteogenesis through infrared light. Pilot study. Veterinaria México OA. 2017;4(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.2.410.Different methods are available to evaluate the degree of bone healing. A good choice involves employing optical techniques with infrared light to eval-uate the progress of bone consolidation. Because infrared light is absorbed in liquids and reflected in solids, it is possible to assess bone consolidation progress using an incident light source and a coupled photo sensor. We used a 940-nm light source that is capable of reaching bone to determine the degree of bone consolidation. Five New Zealand White rabbits were used according to the NOM-062-ZOO99 standard. In each animal, a fracture was generated in the left tibia, and the fragments were fixed using an external fixator constructed with Kirschner nails and dental acrylic cement. Progress in bone consolidation was evaluated at days 7, 23, and 34 after surgery. A linear dependence was observed between the days elapsed and the reflection of the infrared light.Figure 2. Reduction of tibia by external fixators made with Kirschner nails 0.045 inch in diameter and methylmethacrylate cement.
Dental Students’ Attitudes Toward Tobacco Cessation in the Dental Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Virtue Shannon Myers , Waldron Elizabeth M. , Darabos Katie , DeAngelis Courtney , Moore David A. , Fornatora Maria , Tellez Marisol
Published: April 2017

Many dental schools have integrated tobacco cessation into their predoctoral curricula. However, dental students’ perceptions should be taken into consideration when designing those curricula. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published literature on dental students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding tobacco cessation. The research team conducted a search for articles through April 2016 using the following electronic databases: Medline, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Each abstract and/or article was reviewed for inclusion. Data were extracted from all included articles. Each was rated for quality appraisal by two reviewers. The initial search identified 2,035 articles, and 38 of those were included in the review. The majority were cross‐sectional and sampled students from one dental school. There was wide variation in the measurement of dental student attitudes. Overall, the majority of students in these studies reported believing it is within the scope of dental practice to address tobacco use with patients, but there was variability in terms of the practice of specific tobacco cessation strategies. The most common perceived barrier was patient resistance/lack of motivation. In most of the studies, the majority of students were interested in being trained in tobacco cessation. The findings suggest that dental students will respond positively to receiving tobacco cessation education while in dental school and that educators should include strategies to help future dentists deal with patient resistance. Future studies should focus on the development of a validated measure of dental student attitudes toward tobacco cessation and longitudinal, multi‐institutional research that can provide more generalizable findings.
Una revisión: Ciberacoso “Entre Iguales”, otra demanda social
Authors: Lengua Cantero Claudia
Published: April 2017

El objeto de este trabajo es mostrar la revisión documental hecha entorno al problema del acoso entre iguales, el cual es de gran interés en Colombia y toda América Latina; debido que en los últimos tiempos se ha incrementado, especialmente el denominado ciberbuylling. Lo anterior trajo impactos negativos de índole social y psicológico para los afectados que en su mayoría son pre-adolecente y adolescentes. Se utilizó el método hermenéutico, tomando como insumo bases de datos indexadas tales como Scopus, Scylo, Proquest,
Sciencedirect, Google Acdemic, y la Web. Las fuentes primarias son artículos de revistas indexadas y documentos de investigadores de los de América Latina y España. Finalmente, se concluye en la necesidad que los organismos de control del estado generen métodos efectivos que permitan prevenir este tipo de prácticas en las instituciones educativas, debido a que las lesiones psicológicas y morales que están produciendo han desencadenado en decisiones nefastas para los jóvenes y niños, que al verse ridiculizados en público llegan hasta el suicidio, convirtiéndose este en un problema de salud pública.
Морфофункціональний стан щитоподібної залози в дітей з уродженим гіпотиреозом
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Sokolnyk S.V. , Makarova O.V. , Meshchyshena I.I.
Published: April 2017

Актуальність. Захворювання щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) займають перше місце серед усієї ендокринної патології і залишаються однією з найбільш складних проблем. Мета: оцінити морфофункціональний стан ЩЗ в дітей із уродженим гіпотиреозом (УГ). Матеріали та методи. Робота заснована на даних обстеження 34 дітей з УГ: ультразвукове дослідження ЩЗ, визначення рівня тиреоїдних гормонів (тиреотропний гормон (ТТГ), вільний тироксин, тиреоглобулін). Статистичний аналіз проводився стандартними методами з використанням пакета програм StatSoft Statistica 6.0 для Microsoft Windows XP. Результати. У 67,6 % випадків діагноз був поставлений за скринінгом на УГ, у 32,4 % — поза скринінгом. У 22 пацієнтів тиреоїдна тканина не візуалізувалася в типовому місці, або сумарний обсяг її був значно менший від норми. У 12 пацієнтів ЩЗ перебувала в типовому місці, а обсяг її відповідав нормі або перевищував її верхню межу. У 55,6 % визначалися кісти (у 56 % — з дистопією ЩЗ, у 44 % випадків — з гіпоплазією ЩЗ). Усі вони розташовані паратрахеально: ліворуч — у 66,7 %, праворуч — у 13,3 %, у 20 % — з обох сторін. Встановлений виражений ступінь тиреоїдної недостатності у пацієнтів із вадами залози, однак при гіпоплазії ЩЗ рівень ТТГ перебував на більш низьких значеннях (р < 0,05) порівняно з дистопією. Обтяжена спадковість переважно за материнською лінією спостерігалася в 11,7 %, майже у третині випадків відзначався обтяжений акушерсько-гінекологічний анамнез, більше ніж у половини матерів були патологічні відхилення родової діяльності, та у 2,1 раза частіше, ніж у загальній популяції, траплялася переношена вагітність. Висновки. Частота вроджених аномалій ЩЗ у дітей із УГ становить 64,7 %, більше ніж у половині випадків визначаються кісти. Виражений ступінь тиреоїдної недостатності зареєстрований у випадках гіпоплазії ЩЗ.
Цукровий діабет: роль генетичних факторів у розвитку захворюванн
Authors: Buryakovska O.O. , Isayeva A.S.
Published: April 2017

У роботі наведено аналіз досліджень, присвячених генетиці цукрового діабету 2-го типу. Проаналізовані літературні джерела останніх років. Висвітлена роль однонуклеотидних поліморфізмів у генах, що асоціюються з розвитком цукрового діабету. Також обговорюється роль чинників довкілля в розвитку цукрового діабету і можливість використання даних генетичних досліджень у практиці.
Хронічна ішемія мозку у хворих з артеріальною гіпертензією та гіпотиреозом
Authors: Kovalenko O.Ye. , Lytvyn O.V.
Published: April 2017

Розглядаються питання патогенезу хронічної ішемії мозку у хворих з артеріальною гіпертензією та гіпотиреозом. Наведено приклади деяких результатів власних досліджень авторів. За результатами досліджень, у пацієнтів із гіпертонічною дисциркуляторною енцефалопатією та гіпотиреозом відзначаються погіршення кровопостачання головного мозку за рахунок зменшення реактивності судинної стінки, зниження функціональної активності головного мозку, погіршення когнітивних функцій та підвищення рівня тривожності та депресії.
HUBUNGAN PRINSIP DAN JENIS BALUTAN DENGAN PENERAPAN TEKNIK MOIST WOUND HEALING
Authors: Merdekawati Diah , AZ Rasyidah
Published: April 2017

Salah satu komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi dilapangan pada penderita diabetes melitus yaitu adanya ulkus diabetikum atau gangren dan biasanya penyakit ini menyerang penderita pada usia produktif yaitu antara umur 30-50 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan prinsip dan jenis balutan dengan penerapan tehnik moist wound healing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode cross secsional. Sebanyak 31 responden terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Dari hasil uji statistik univariat diketahui sebanyak 74,2% salah melakukan prinsip moist wound healing, 74,2% sering menggunakan balutan moist wound healing dan 61,3% melakukan tehnik moist wound healing. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan antara prinsip dan balutan dengan tehnik Moist Wound Healing. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tehnik Moist Wound Healing perlu ditingkatkan aplikasinya terutama terkait dengan prinsip dan balutan.
La educación en valores hoy en día: entre conciencia crítica y respuestas constructivas
Authors: Bernardini Amalia
Published: April 2017

Frente a la crisis ética y moral, es aún válido apelar a la educación en valores, que, sin embargo, se enfrenta al reto de la relativización de los mismos, tanto práctica, como teórica. Pero, el relativismo y la separación de la ética de las diferentes actividades humanas como la política, la tecno-ciencia y la economía, es disociadora para la sociedad y destructiva para la vida. Por otro lado, el absolutismo valorativo puede conducir a dogmatismo, intolerancia y autoritarismo. La construcción de un universalismo axiológico no dogmático es un problema abierto, pero cada vez más sensible. Las modalidades educativas actuales son múltiples, pero, entre ellas, serán más relevantes las que favorezcan una formación moral y, en general, en valores, aparejada con la formación de la inteligencia; vinculada con la integralidad de la persona transversal al curriculum y que eduque en valores por medio de valores presentes y tangibles, convertidos en experiencia.
Elementos que favorecen la interactividad en un curso virtual
Authors: Berrocal Carvajal Viviana , Fallas Monge Ida
Published: April 2017

El presente trabajo parte del interés de las autoras por identificar, en la literatura de publicación reciente, elementos que han demostrado ser efectivos para favorecer la interactividad en línea. Con este fin se presentan seis factores distribuidos en dos categorías, desde la perspectiva de los actores y desde el diseño del curso. En la categoría de actores se analiza el papel que desempeñan el docente, los alumnos y la comunidad de aprendizaje; en los aspectos de diseño del curso se estudian la cantidad de estudiantes, las actividades de mediación y la evaluación de los aprendizajes.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the EFL Classroom: A Case Study
Authors: Bula Villalobos Olmedo
Published: April 2017

This case study reflects upon the experience of implementing a plan for a student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder attending a high school within an EFL environment in Costa Rica. The plan consisted of a set of four observations and four work sessions. In addition, the study reports on the strategies and techniques used with the student and the teacher in order to improve the student’s performance in the class. The results and the analysis of the case study are also discussed. One of the main findings is that this disorder can be effectively treated.
A survey on queues in machining system: Progress from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Shekhar C. , Raina A.A. , Kumar A. , Iqbal J.
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present article is to give a historical survey of some important research works related to queues in machining system since 2010. Queues of failed machines in machine repairing problem occur due to the failure of machines at random in the manufacturing industries, where different jobs are performed on machining stations. Machines are subject to failure what may result in significant loss of production, revenue, or goodwill. In addition to the references on queues in machining system, which is also called `Machine Repair Problem' (MRP) or `Machine Interference Problem' (MIP), a meticulous list of books and survey papers is also prepared so as to provide a detailed catalog for understanding the research in queueing domain. We have classified the relevant literature according to a year of publishing, methodological, and modeling aspects. The author(s) hope that this survey paper could be of help to learners contemplating research on queueing domain.
Trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality of diagnosed and silent coronary heart disease in Quebec
Authors: Blais C. , Rochette L.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Of all cardiovascular causes of mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death. Our objectives were to establish trends in the
prevalence and incidence of CHD in the province of Quebec, and to determine the proportion of CHD mortality that had no previous CHD diagnosis.

Methods

Trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality were examined with a
population-based study using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance
System, which links several health administrative databases. Data are presented using
two case definitions for Quebecers aged 20 years and over: 1) a validated definition, and
2) CHD causes of death codes added to estimate the proportion of deaths that occurred
without any previous CHD diagnosis as a proxy for sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Results

In 2012/2013, the crude prevalence of CHD was 9.4% with the first definition
(593 000 people). Between 2000/2001 and 2012/2013, the age-standardized prevalence
increased by 14%, although it has been decreasing slightly since 2009/2010. Agestandardized
incidence and mortality rates decreased by 46% and 26% respectively, and
represented a crude rate of 6.9 per 1000 and 5.2% in 2012/2013. The proportion
identified only by CHD mortality, our SCD proxy, was only significant for the incident
cases (0.38 per 1000 in 2009/2010) and declined over the study period.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CHD has tended to decrease in recent years, and
incidence and mortality have been declining in Quebec. Most CHD mortality occurs in
previously diagnosed patients and only a small proportion of incident cases were not
previously identified.