bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship: How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled Education
Authors: Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Middleton Sara Lil , Phan Jenny Mai , Azevedo Flavio , Iley Bethan Joan , Grose-Hodge Magdalena , Tyler Samantha Lily , Kapp Steven , Gourdon-Kanhukamwe Amélie , Grafton-Clarke Desiree , Yeung Siu Kit , Shaw John J , Hartmann Helena , Cairney Maria , FORRT
Published: February 2025

Not all people conform to what is socially construed as the norm and divergences should be expected. Neurodiversity is fundamental to the understanding of human behaviour and cognition. However, neurodivergent individuals are often stigmatised, devalued, and objectified. This position statement presents the perspectives of neurodivergent authors, the majority of whom have personal lived experiences of neurodivergence(s), and discusses how research and academia can and should be improved in terms of research integrity, inclusivity and diversity. The authors describe future directions that relate to lived experience and systematic barriers, disclosure, directions on prevalence, stigma, intersection of neurodiversity and open scholarship, and provide recommendations that can lead to personal and systematic changes to improve acceptance of neurodivergent individuals’ lived experiences within academia.
Adaptive Social Learning using Theory of Mind
Authors: Ying Lance , Truong Ryan , Tenenbaum Joshua , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: February 2025

Social learning is a powerful mechanism through which agents learn about the world from others. However, humans don’t always choose to observe others, since social learning can carry time and cognitive resource costs. How do people balance social and non-social learning? In this paper, we propose a rational mentalizing model of the decision to engage in social learning. This model estimates the utility of social learning by reasoning about the other agent’s goal and the informativity of their future actions. It then weighs the utility of social learn- ing against the utility of self-exploration (non-social learning). Using a multi-player treasure hunt game, we show that our model can quantitatively capture human trade-offs between social and non-social learning. Furthermore, our results indicate that these two components allow agents to flexibly apply social learning to achieve their goals more efficiently.
What does it mean to spurn Educational Constructivism? How traditionalistic proclivities generate unnecessary error
Authors: Panarello Christian
Published: February 2025

Despite the influence that Dewey has affected to scholars and social critics, the model of education that he criticised, particularly in his works How We Think and Democracy and Education, has been unchanged: significantly, through two world wars, eras of progressivism attached to social and labor purposes, and the modern technocracy. This relatively brief article dictates the significance of – quite simply – not engaging with the Constructivist education that is more productive, egalitarian, and educational than otherwise.
Advancing Diversity in Behavior Genetics: Strategies for Incorporating Undergraduates into Student-Driven Research
Authors: Garrison S. Mason , Webster Emma , Good Rachel
Published: February 2025

Undergraduate research experiences are crucial for fostering the next generation of behavior genetics researchers. However, incorporating undergraduates into research can be challenging for faculty mentors. In this article, we provide strategies for successfully integrating undergraduates into behavior genetics research based on our experiences mentoring undergraduates in our lab. These strategies include engaging in reflexivity, adopting an IDEA-centered approach, identifying and addressing barriers to inclusion, empowering students through clear expectations, training and mentorship, aligning research projects with interests, assigning meaningful tasks, fostering an inclusive environment, and providing opportunities for professional development. We provide examples of successful implementation of these strategies and discuss their potential impact on the development of the next generation of genetically-informed researchers. By following these strategies, faculty mentors can cultivate a supportive and inclusive research environment that empowers and prepares undergraduates for successful careers in behavior genetics research.
On Limitations to Conceptual Knowledge in Kantian Categories and Postmodernist Philosophy
Authors: Panarello Christian
Published: February 2025

Chalmers’ Constructing the World offers an exploration into complete bodies of information – for which he proposes that an entity such as Laplace’s Demon has a scrutable interpretation over available information. However, Chalmers does not address a true realisation of what a complete knowledge should be; Laplace’s Demon remains very much human. This article further suggests that information is limited – specifically in a post-modernist framework – because the limited number of perceptible differences (known as Categories) reduces the scale of differences such that the information converges into a common limitation.
Intention and foresight in deliberate actions: An ERP study
Authors: Dominik Tomáš , Chen Emma , Gavish Ilai , Brillhart Melissa M. , Yaffe Gideon , Maoz Uri
Published: February 2025

The distinction between intention and foresight is critical for law and morality. For example, a military officer deciding to bomb a target while foreseeing civilian casualties raises questions about whether these deaths were intended or merely foreseen. This study aimed to disentangle the neural correlates of intention and foresight using a novel paradigm. Twenty-five participants completed a task inspired by the game Frogger, where hitting objects could be desirable (earning points) or inconsequential. Outcomes varied by likelihood (high vs. low) and actuality (hit vs. miss), resulting in a 2×2×2 design: intention (present/absent) × outcome (hit/miss) × expectedness (expected/unexpected). Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed that feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude was larger when participants intended to hit objects, while the P3 potential increased for unexpected outcomes. However, neither signal exclusively reflected intention or foresight; the FRN also indexed expectedness, and the P3 reflected intention. To address this overlap, we used effect-matched spatial (EMS) filtering, which identified a widespread brain activity pattern that may better dissociate intention from foresight. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural processes underlying complex decision-making, with potential applications in ethical and legal frameworks.
Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: A Systematic Literature Review of Global Trends, Regulatory Challenges, and Ethical Concerns
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , Háló Gergö , Lopezosa carlos
Published: February 2025

This paper conducts a systematic literature review on the intersection of artificial intelligence and journalism, emphasizing both the potential advantages and challenges—ethical concerns and regulatory gaps—this integration presents. The review highlights current applications of AI in several journalistic areas, including content creation, audience engagement, and misinformation detection, whilst underscoring the ethical implications of AI. It identifies a notable scarcity of quantitative research and calls for a balanced methodological approach that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods, including large-scale surveys and qualitative techniques. Furthermore, the study highlights the lack of empirical research on AI regulation in journalism, advocating for studies that examine the value of regulatory frameworks for media ethics and journalism practice. Various thematic and methodological avenues for future research to examine the impact of AI’s evolving role in journalism are also discussed.
NANOTECNOLOGÍA: UNA HERRAMIENTA EMERGENTE EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE INFECCIONES ASOCIADAS A LA ATENCIÓN DE SALUD
Authors: Acosta Nuñez Jeannette Mercedes
Published: February 2025

Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud (IAAS) representan una de las mayores amenazas para la seguridad de los pacientes a nivel global. Estas infecciones, que afectan a millones de personas cada año, incrementan la morbilidad, prolongan las estancias hospitalarias y elevan los costos de atención, generando un gran impacto en los sistemas de salud (1). La nanotecnología se dedica al estudio, diseño, manipulación y aplicación de materiales y dispositivos a una escala nanométrica, es decir, a nivel de átomos y moléculas, en dimensiones que suelen ser entre 1 y 100 nanómetros, emerge como una herramienta prometedora para transformar las prácticas de prevención y control de infecciones en entornos clínicos, mejorando considerablemente la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de los servicios de salud (2).
 
La nanotecnología tiene aplicaciones en diversos campos, como la medicina, donde se utiliza para desarrollar sistemas de liberación controlada de medicamentos, mejora diagnósticos y terapias; en la electrónica, con la creación de dispositivos más pequeños y potentes; en la energía, contribuyendo a producir materiales más eficientes para el almacenamiento y la conversión energética; y en la industria de materiales, creando superficies resistentes, auto limpiantes o con propiedades antibacterianas, lo cual es especialmente útil para la prevención de infecciones(3).
 
Las Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermería ha destacado la nanotecnología en la prevención de IAAS que radica en la creación de superficies y materiales nanoestructurados con propiedades antimicrobianas(4), las nanopartículas de plata, óxido de zinc y cobre han demostrado ser altamente eficaces contra una amplia gama de patógenos, incluidas bacterias multirresistentes(5). Estos nanomateriales pueden integrarse en superficies hospitalarias, como en dispositivos médicos como catéteres y mascarillas, su capacidad para inactivar microorganismos al contacto permite reducir drásticamente el riesgo de transmisión cruzada y la propagación de infecciones en áreas críticas, especialmente en unidades de cuidados intensivos y quirófanos (6).
 
La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), promulga la inhibición de la resistencia bacteriana, por lo que otra aplicación relevante de la nanotecnología en la prevención de IAAS es la liberación controlada de antibióticos mediante nanopartículas(7), los sistemas de liberación controlada permiten administrar dosis precisas de fármacos directamente en el sitio de infección, asegurando una distribución óptima y prolongada del medicamento. Este enfoque mejora la eficacia del tratamiento, minimiza los efectos secundarios y reduce el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, uno de los factores que contribuyen a la creciente resistencia antimicrobiana(4).
Incidencia de las Herramientas Tecnológicas en el Rendimiento Académico de los Estudiantes de Bachillerato
Authors: Heredia Carrasco Laura del Carmen , Zúñiga Heredia Tania Marisol , Heredia Carrasco Sthalin Alexander , Heredia Carrasco Oscar Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Este estudio analiza la contribución de las herramientas tecnológicas en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de bachillerato. A través de una revisión bibliográfica, se aborda la importancia de las TIC en el contexto educativo, las oportunidades que ofrecen para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y los desafíos asociados con su implementación. Asimismo, se examinarán las condiciones necesarias para lograr una integración efectiva de estas herramientas en las aulas. Materiales y Métodos: Se consideran investigaciones que exploran el uso de plataformas digitales en educación secundaria y su impacto en el rendimiento académico entre 2017 y 2024. Los estudios incluidos abarcan el uso de herramientas tecnológicas en entornos de aprendizaje, así como los desafíos enfrentados por estudiantes y docentes. La revisión se enfoca en identificar las principales herramientas utilizadas, compararlas con metodologías tradicionales y examinar los factores que condicionan su efectividad. Resultados: Los resultados de la revisión se agrupan en tres categorías. En primer lugar, los estudios destacados que las TIC pueden mejorar el rendimiento académico, especialmente en áreas como matemáticas, siempre que existan condiciones de acceso equitativo y preparación docente adecuada (12, 14, 17). En segundo lugar, algunas investigaciones revelan que el uso de las TIC sin acompañamiento pedagógico no garantiza mejoras sustanciales, subrayando la importancia del diseño metodológico y el apoyo docente (13, 16). Por último, los estudios realizados durante la pandemia muestran que las TIC permitieron mantener la continuidad educativa, pero las brechas de conectividad limitaron su impacto total (15, 19). Discusión: Existe consenso en que las TIC ofrecen ventajas significativas para mejorar el aprendizaje y la interacción en el aula. Sin embargo, también es evidente la necesidad de preparación continua del profesorado y de infraestructura tecnológica adecuada para garantizar su integración efectiva. Además, la pandemia evidencia la importancia de diseñar estrategias que combinen metodologías digitales y tradicionales, asegurando la inclusión educativa y maximizando el impacto positivo de las TIC en el rendimiento académico. Conclusión:
Las herramientas tecnológicas contribuyen al rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de bachillerato cuando se implementan de manera consciente y estructurada, con el apoyo adecuado de docentes y una infraestructura sólida. Sin embargo, su impacto depende del contexto de implementación y del acompañamiento pedagógico. Por lo tanto, es necesario continuar investigando las condiciones que optimizan su uso para garantizar que estas herramientas impulsen un aprendizaje significativo y sostenible
Eficacia de la vigilancia activa en el tratamiento de cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo en comparación con tratamiento activo para reducir los efectos colaterales y preservar la calidad de vida
Authors: Escola Gomez Delia Lucia , Garcia Velandria Francisco Antonio
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La Vigilancia activa es una estrategia de tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo que implica monitorear la enfermedad mediante pruebas periódicas y citas de seguimiento, en lugar de un tratamiento inmediato.
Objetivo: Describir el efecto en la calidad de salud y vida, de la vigilancia activa frente al tratamiento activo, en pacientes con cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo.
Metodología: Se elaboró un artículo de revisión teórica, se realizó una búsqueda a través de la estrategia PICOT; con términos DeCS/MeSH en bases de datos de salud como:  Cochrane Library, Pubmed, y buscadores como TripDatabase. Se incluyeron artículos completos, desde 2019 hasta 2024, revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos, sobre pacientes con cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo que son tratados con vigilancia activa. Se identificaron 144 artículos y, se seleccionaron 8.
Resultados: Se analizó una población de 35 304 hombres con cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo, de los cuales, 8 620 recibieron vigilancia activa. En 5 artículos no se reportaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. La vigilancia activa parece ser positiva en la función sexual, urinaria, e intestinal; también parece estar en asociación a niveles variables de ansiedad y temor a la progresión de la enfermedad. No se reportaron diferencias en la mortalidad o la sobrevida libre de enfermedad.
Conclusiones: La eficacia de la vigilancia activa en el tratamiento de cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo, en comparación con tratamiento activo para reducir los efectos colaterales y preservar la calidad de vida es similar.
Lewy body dementia – A case report
Authors: Bhattachan Supriya Sherchan , Sharma Pawan
Published: February 2025

Lewy body dementia (DLB) is a form of cognitive impairment in ages over 65 years. Early diagnosis of DLB has been challenging ; particularly in the context of differentiation with Parkinson’s disease dementia and other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease and rapidly progressive dementia. Clinically the distinction is important because it can have implications for management and prognosis.
युद्ध कथामा लैङ्‌गिक सीमान्तीयता
Authors: पौडेल Paudel ईश्वरा Ishwora
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा कथाकार माया ठकुरीद्वारा लिखित ‘युद्ध’ कथालाई लैङ्गिक सीमान्तीयताको दृष्टिकोणबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ। कथाको अध्ययनका लागि सांस्कृतिक अध्ययनका विविध आयामहरूमध्ये विशेष रूपमा लैङ्गिक सीमान्तीयतासम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताहरूलाई आधार मानिएको छ। सीमान्तीयता सांस्कृतिक अध्ययनको पछिल्लो चिन्तन हो, जसले शासित वा पीडित वर्गलाई जनाउँछ, जो शक्तिको पहुँचबाट टाढा रहन्छन्। यसको वर्गीय, जातीय, तथा लैङ्गिक रूपान्तरहरू हुन्छन्, जसमा पहिचान, प्रतिनिधित्व, र सीमान्तीय वर्गको प्रतिरोधी चेतनाको अध्ययनसमेत जोडिन्छ। प्रस्तुत लेखमा ‘युद्ध’ कथामा नारीको सीमान्तीय अवस्था र नारीमाथि भएको शोषणका विरुद्धको सङ्घर्षलाई केन्द्रमा राखी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ। पुस्तकालयीय स्रोतहरूको आधारमा तयार पारिएको यो लेख विवेच्य कथाका नारी पात्रहरूको सामाजिक अवस्था तथा उनीहरूद्वारा व्यक्त गरिएका प्रतिरोधी स्वरहरूको समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन हो। कथाले समाजमा विद्यमान पितृसत्ताको वर्चस्व, पुरुषप्रधान सोच, र त्यसअनुरूपको व्यवहारलाई उजागर गरेको छ। शिक्षित नारी पात्र पितृसत्तात्मक सोचको चपेटामा कसरी सीमान्तकृत बन्छिन् भन्ने पक्ष कथाले स्पष्ट रूपमा चित्रण गर्छ। साथै, समाजमा नारीमाथि गरिने चरम शोषण र उनीहरूलाई खेलौना ठान्ने प्रवृत्ति चरम सीमा पार गरेपछि उत्पन्न हुने सशक्त विरोधलाई कथाले सशक्त रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेको छ। यसले पितृसत्ताले निर्माण गरेका सामाजिक नियमहरू र त्यसको संरक्षणमा पुरुषहरूले खेल्ने भूमिकालाई समेत प्रश्न गर्छ।
तरुण-तपसी काव्यमा आध्यात्मिक पर्यावरण
Authors: पौड्याल Paudyal एकनारायण Eknarayan
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख काव्यकार लेखनाथ पौड्यालद्वारा रचित काव्य तरुण–तपसी मा प्रयुक्त आध्यात्मिक पर्यावरणको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ। प्राकृतिक वातावरणलाई आधार बनाएर गरिने अध्ययनलाई पर्यावरणीय अध्ययन भनिन्छ, र यस लेखमा अध्यात्मसँग जोडेर पर्यावरणको अध्ययन गरिएको छ। प्रकृतिसँग पर्यावरणको अविच्छिन्न सम्बन्ध रहेको तथा प्रकृतिलाई आध्यात्मिक दृष्टिले हेर्ने परिप्रेक्ष्यका कारण यस लेखमा अध्यात्म, प्रकृति, र पर्यावरण एकअर्कासँग अन्तरसम्बन्धित छन्। लेखनाथका अधिकांश रचनामा आध्यात्मिक चेत पाइन्छ, र तरुण–तपसी काव्यमा पनि आध्यात्मिक पक्षसँगै प्राकृतिक अवस्था प्रमुख विषयका रूपमा प्रस्तुत भएका छन्। यस काव्यमा प्रकृति संरक्षणको आवश्यकता प्रतिपादित भएकाले प्रस्तुत लेख तरुण–तपसी भित्रको आध्यात्मिक पर्यावरणको खोजमा केन्द्रित छ। गुणात्मक अध्ययन पद्धति अपनाइएको यस अनुसन्धानमा प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक सामग्रीको उपयोग गरिएको छ। साथै, सोद्देश्य नमुनाछनोट गरी व्याख्यात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गर्दै काव्यको पर्यावरणीय पक्षको गहन अन्वेषण गरिएको छ। अध्ययनका क्रममा तरुण–तपसी भित्र मानिस र प्राकृतिक पर्यावरणबीचको सम्बन्धलाई आध्यात्मिक परिप्रेक्ष्यमा जोडेर चित्रण गरिएको पाइन्छ। साथै, मानव क्रियाकलापका कारण मानवेतर प्राणी तथा प्रकृतिमाथि पर्ने नकारात्मक प्रभावलाई उजागर गरिएको छ। आध्यात्मिक पर्यावरणको दृष्टिले हेर्दा, यस काव्यमा रुखलाई तपसीका रूपमा चित्रण गरिएको छ, प्रकृतिलाई उदार तथा सबैका लागि साझा सम्पत्ति मानिएको छ, पक्षीहरूले मानवप्रति प्रश्न, बिलौना तथा व्यङ्ग्य प्रकट गरेका छन्, साथै वन्यप्रकृति, मानव र अन्य जीवजन्तुहरूबीच आपसी समन्वयको आवश्यकता प्रतिपादन गरिएको छ। पर्यावरणीय अवस्थाहरूलाई आध्यात्मिक पक्षसँग जोडेर सुन्दर ढंगले प्रस्तुत गरिएकाले काव्य थप प्रभावकारी बनेको छ। त्यसैले, आध्यात्मिक पर्यावरणको दृष्टिले तरुण–तपसी एक सफल एवं स्तरीय नव्यकाव्य रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ।
सधैँ सधैँ मेरो सपनामा कवितामा ध्वन्यार्थ
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari केशवराज Keshabraj
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख सधैँ सधैँ मेरो सपनामा कविताको ध्वनि विश्लेषणसँग सम्बन्धित छ । भूपीको प्रस्तुत कवितामा ध्वन्यात्मक अर्थ के कसरी अभिव्यञ्जित भएको छ भन्ने मूल प्राज्ञिक जिज्ञासामा यो अनुसन्धान केन्द्रित रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत कवितामा ध्वनिको आश्रय र स्वरूपका आधारमा ध्वन्यार्थको खोजी गर्नु यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसमा पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट भूपीका कवितालाई प्राथमिक सामग्री र ध्वनि सिद्धान्तसम्बद्ध टीका एवम् निर्दिष्ट कवितासम्बन्धी भएका पूर्व अध्ययनका सामग्रीहरू द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । पूर्वीय साहित्य सिद्धान्तका ध्वनि विश्लेषणका आश्रयगत आधारका पदावली र प्रकरण तथा ध्वन्यार्थ प्रतीतिको स्वरूपगत आधारमा प्रस्तुत कविताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । साथै तत्तत् आधारमा कवितामा अन्तर्निहित ध्वनि पहिचान गरी त्यसले काव्यमा सिर्जना गरेको सौन्दर्यको विश्लेषण गर्ने प्रयास यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कवितामा तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजको दास मानसिकताका कारण कायम हुन गएको विदेशी औपनिवेशिकताले नेपालीहरूको शिर निहुरिएको ध्वन्यार्थ प्रकरणका तहमा व्यक्त भएको देखिन्छ । यस प्रकारको नेपाल र नेपालीको अदूरदर्शी सोचले देशभक्त वीर गोर्खालीको गौरवको संस्कृति विदू्रपीकरण हुँदै गएको देखाइएको छ । यसले देशको वर्तमान भयावह स्थिति त छँदै छ भविष्यको समेत राम्रो सङ्केत नदेखिएको हुँदा बेलैमा सच्चिनु पर्ने सन्देशसहितको ध्वन्यार्थ यसको निष्कर्ष हो । साथै ध्वन्यार्थ प्रतीतिमा वस्तुध्वनि र अलङ्कार ध्वनि रसध्वनिकै अङ्गी बनेर सिङ्गो काव्यको व्यङ्ग्यार्थ ध्वनित गर्न समर्थ हुनु यसको प्राप्ति हो l
शरणार्थी उपन्यासमा निर्वासन चिन्तन
Authors: शर्मा Sharma विन्दु Bindu
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख कृष्ण धरावासीको ‘शरणार्थी’ उपन्यासमा अभिव्यक्त निर्वासन चेतना विश्लेषणमा आधारित छ । यसमा मूल समस्याको समाधानका लागि उपन्यासमा प्रकटित निर्वासन चिन्तनलाई विश्लेषण गर्न बलपूर्वक पात्रको विस्थापन, सीमापार सार्ने काम र पीडितलाई स्थायी रूपले लखेट्ने मनसाय जस्ता प्रतिमानको उपयोग गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखको सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचाको मूल आधार निर्वासन चिन्तनको अध्ययनअन्तर्गत एड्वार्ड डब्ल्यु सइदको ‘वर्चस्व और प्रतिरोध’ (२०१५) कृतिमा प्रस्तुत सिद्धान्त रहेको छ । निर्वासन चिन्तन शरणार्थी समस्यासँग सम्बन्धित अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय राजनीतिक विषय रहँदारहँदै पनि अन्तःविषयक समालोचना पद्धतिका रूपमा साहित्यले सहजै अङ्गीकार गरेको विषय हो । समालोचनाका क्षेत्रमा निर्वासन चिन्तन नश्लीय र धार्मिक चेतना विकसित समुदाय र त्यस्ता देशको आन्तरिकद्वन्द्व तथा राज्यले लिएको विभेदकारी नीतिका कारणबाट जातीय, वैचारिक र धार्मिक अल्पसङ्ख्यक समुदायमा पर्ने विलोपनको प्रभाव र त्यसले निम्त्याएको परिचयहीनताको स्थितिका आधारमा कृतिको विश्लेषण गर्ने सिद्धान्त हो । यसले साहित्यिक पाठमा रहेका पात्रहरूको विस्थापन हुँदाका क्षण, शरण लिएको राज्यमा उनीहरूले गरिरहेको सङ्घर्ष, स्वदेश फिर्तीको आकाङ्क्षा, उनीहरूलाई देशबाट धपाउने राज्यको दीर्घकालीन रणनीति जस्ता पक्षहरूको खोजी गरी तिनको प्रयोजनपरक ढङ्गले विश्लेषण गर्ने काम गर्दछ । ‘शरणार्थी’ उपन्यासको विश्लेषणअन्तर्गगत यस आलेखमा बलपूर्वक नागरिकहरूको विस्थापन, उनीहरूलाई नेपालको सीमासम्म छोड्ने र पीडितलाई स्थायी रूपले देशबाट लखेट्ने मनसायविश्लेषणका माध्यमबाट निर्वासन चिन्तन पहिचान गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत उपन्यासमा निर्वासनका तइभ्वहरूको संयोजन, निर्वासनका कारण एवम् त्यसको प्रभावबाट सिर्जित निर्वासन चिन्तनको प्रकटीकरणका लागि गरिएको आख्यानीकृत र संवेदनशील वर्णनात्मक अभिव्यक्तिबाट प्रस्तुत उपन्यास प्रभावकारी रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Quantitative Problem Solving in Natural Resources
Authors:   Iowa State University, Moore Peter
Published: February 2025

Quantitative Problem Solving in Natural Resources Copyright © by Peter Moore is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
Measuring Benefits of Hajj Zam-Zam Savings Bank Panin Dubai Syariah Bandung Through Product Quality and Service
Authors: Halim Sugiarto , Putra Yuda Dharma
Published: February 2025

Reviewing the potential of the graph shows that the number of Indonesian pilgrims registering and departing for Umrah and Hajj each year continues to increase, which provides a great opportunity for Islamic travel and financial service providers. Meanwhile, one of the services that offers Hajj and Umrah Savings Products is Islamic Banking, which seeks to educate users, promote services, and improve their quality. Based on the identification of problems, it can be stated that information on Hajj savings in Islamic banking is still not evenly distributed to the wider community, and the limitations and availability of Islamic banks are still not evenly distributed in various cities. The discussion examines the development of theories that they have developed based on their knowledge and insight into the quality of Zam-Zam Hajj Savings Products at PT Bank Panin Dubai Syariah Tbk KC Bandung. This research is expected to be useful for parties who intend to save their money in Islamic banks and provide information to Islamic bank managers about how to channel customer funds properly and correctly in accordance with community regulations. and can be used as a guideline as well as additional information for the benefit of future research development.
Innovation and Digitalization: Driving Forces for Corporate Competitiveness and Longevity
Authors: Amri Amri , Isnanto Burham , Saputro Seno Hadi , Bakti Ferry
Published: February 2025

In the face of rapid technological advancements and market shifts, companies must adapt and enhance their competitiveness to ensure long-term survival. This study explores the impact of innovation, digital transformation, productivity, and employment on organizational competitiveness and their influence on corporate longevity and sustainability in the Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Employing survey methods and analyzing data using double regression, simple regression, smartPls, and SPSS, the study surveyed 120 respondents from various industrial sectors. The results reveal that innovation, productivity, and jobs significantly and positively impact companies' competitiveness, while digital transformation has a lesser effect. Additionally, the study found that a company's competitiveness positively and significantly influences its existence and survival. The research significantly contributes to understanding the factors affecting competitiveness and long-term viability in the digital economy, highlighting the crucial role of innovation, productivity, and job quality in enhancing competitive advantage. The findings provide a basis for strategic decision-making at the company level and the development of public policies that foster business growth and resilience within the Belitung Framework
Unilateral Cancellation by the Buyer in Cash on Delivery (COD) Transactions Via E-Commerce according to Indonesian Positive Law
Authors: Rinaldy Lalu Yanuar , Salim HS , Suhartana Lalu Wira Pria
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze mechanism of responsibility in unilateral cancellation by the buyer in COD transactions through e-commerce according to positive Indonesian law and analyzing legal protection for sellers in the event of unilateral cancellation by the buyer in COD transactions through e-commerce according to positive Indonesian law. By using the normative legal research method. Research results Research results Showing the results of the study Mechanism of responsibility in unilateral cancellation by the buyer in COD transactions through e-commerce according to positive Indonesian law, Basically, the validity of a sales and purchase agreement with a COD payment system is subject to Article 1320 of the Civil Code. In the event that the buyer refuses to pay for the package of goods that have been ordered through the marketplace using the COD payment system, the buyer is considered to have committed a breach of contract because the buyer has not fulfilled the performance as agreed in the agreement then Legal protection for the seller in the event of unilateral cancellation by the buyer in a COD transaction through e-commerce according to positive Indonesian law, Legal protection for sellers who experience losses in online shop agreements due to the actions of buyers is regulated in Article 6 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection concerning the rights of business actors, when the buyer's actions use false data, the seller is also protected by Article 45 A of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Sellers who experience losses due to fraud committed by buyers are also protected by Article 378 of the Criminal Code concerning fraud. The seller's legal action for the losses he experiences in online shops is dispute resolution outside the court as an initial step. When the lawsuit has been registered in court, the judge is obliged to first provide the seller and buyer with the opportunity to go through the mediation process. If an agreement is not reached during the mediation process, the seller can sue the buyer based on Article 1243 of the Civil Code regarding compensation for losses, costs and interest during transactions in online shops.
Perspectives on Human Behavior
Authors: Suresh Kumar P.M.
Published: February 2025

Human behavior has always been intriguing, differing with persons and situations. This unpredictability is contributed by his nature, personality, and thinking process. Behavior is dictated by the interplay of a complex set of factors based primarily on need fulfillment. Every individual strives to fulfill needs but to a varying extent. These needs exist in dyads and emerge in systematic ascendancy with increased chronological age. Behavior results from the struggle between the choice of these dyadic needs, as to which is to be given primacy and which could be set aside or regulated. The situation is compounded by the fact that the next set of dyadic needs emerge to gain supremacy even before the earlier set of needs are done away with. Behavior is the result of the needs that emerge, the individual's choice for the fulfillment, the degree to which they are met, the extent of carryover of the unmet needs, and the accumulating " need-worry ". That is to say, hypothetically every individual undergoes a transition in life as he completes one set of needs. It is an irony that a real completion rarely takes place. Each of these stages of emerging dyadic needs at its onset appears to be a " little world "in which the individual is engulfed and gets focused on the struggle to attain. Five such little worlds are found to exist in the history of life of an individual. This discourse is an attempt to portray human behavior through the lens of need fulfillment as a perspective. The dyadic needs that emerge in stages at different times in life span, their significance, sub-components, and implications for fulfillment are discussed. Data has been collected through in-depth interviews from a select sample of diverse age groups and social backgrounds.
Effective Use of Teaching Strategies to Develop Writing Skills of Secondary School Students in English
Authors: Malek Sabnurbanu Maiyuddin
Published: February 2025

In spite of the problems expressed by teachers, teaching writing becomes unavoidable in view of its importance and value. It requires enough experience also does not happen magically. It is process which involves through preparation, re-evaluation and careful expression of ideas and not simply putting words on paper. Writing occupies an important place in the whole communication process and is put to use in almost all activities of our lives. Writing involves both auditory and visual skills and helps to develop memory. It promotes individual activity and encourages independence in thought and expression. Speaking is spontaneous in most cases, whereas writing requires correctness of grammar, appropriacy in expression and requires comprehension on the reader’s part. It is a systematic process involving presentation of ideas in a precise manner. This paper focuses on effective use of teaching strategies to develop writing skills of secondary school students in English. This paper also focuses on four basic skills, attitude about writing ability, characteristics of good handwriting, and exercises for developing writing skills.
Current Practices and Challenges in Simulation Based Learning: Nurse Educators’ perspective
Authors: Sivagami Gangaram , Vijayalakshmi  , Victor
Published: February 2025

Background: Simulation based learning (SBL) has emerged as a transformative approach in nursing education, offering safe and controlled environments for skill development, critical thinking and decision making. Current practices emphasize the integration of high-fidelity mannequins. However, several challenges persist, including the high cost of simulation technology, inadequate faculty training, and limited access to resources in underfunded institutions. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the current practices and challenges in simulation-based learning. Materials and Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the practices and challenges of Nurse educators in simulation-based learning. Results: The results showed that most of the Nurse educators (71.4%) view Simulation as a vital tool for improving hands on skills, 64.3% reported challenges in accessing sufficient technology or equipment for simulation. Conclusion: The majority of nurse educators recognize the importance of simulation in enhancing hands-on skills, they face significant challenges in accessing necessary resources like technology and equipment.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Maternal Nutrition among Primigravida Mother in selected Primary Health Center of Karad Taluka
Authors: Salunkhe Nutan , Mujawar Asma Murad
Published: February 2025

Maternal nutrition is important for fetal growth and development. The pregnant women need to have adequate knowledge to maintain their nutritional status during pregnancy. In gestational period fetus is a rapidly grown in mother’s womb. The nutritional requirement of pregnant women is essential for growth of the fetus and other development throughout pregnancy and delivery of the child. Health of pregnant influenced by various genetic, social, economic factors, infection and environmental condition, many of which may affect fetal growth. Physiological adaptation results in improved utilization of nutrients either through increased absorption, decreased excretion and alteration in metabolism. A woman whose diet is adequate before pregnancy is usually able to bear a full-term viable infant, without extensive modification to her diet.
Sustainable Development-Barriers and Challenges in Integrating Sustainable Development in Education
Authors: Sreerekha M
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development (SD) plays a crucial role in fostering a balanced, equitable, and environmentally conscious future. Integrating SD principles into education is vital for empowering learners with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to address global challenges such as climate change, inequality, and resource management. However, achieving this integration faces significant barriers and challenges. These include a lack of awareness among stakeholders, rigid and overloaded curricula, insufficient educator training, and limited resources. Additional obstacles arise from policy inconsistencies, cultural resistance, technological gaps, and difficulties in measuring the impact of sustainable education. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-stakeholder approach, including policy reforms, resource allocation, professional development for educators, and enhanced community engagement. This paper explores these barriers and provides actionable recommendations to promote the successful integration of sustainable development in education systems globally.
GOOD GOVERNANCE, PANDEMIC AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES: A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Govinnage G.K.S.  , Deyshappriya N.P.R.
Published: February 2025

The study focuses on FDI inflows to South Asian countries between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods and the relationship between FDI inflows and good governance in South Asian countries over the period of 1990 to 2021. T test, panel co-integration test and dynamic panel data analysis are employed to accomplish the objectives of the study. The impact of COVID-19 on South Asia’s FDI inflows is found to be significant and particularly inflow of FDIs has experienced a significant drop in all other South Asian countries, except India during the pandemic period. Additionally, the study confirms a positive relationship between good governance and inflow of FDIs in South Asian countries. Hence, the present study strongly recommends improving infrastructure facilities while ensuring a higher level of good governance to attract more FDI to the countries in South Asian region.
THE ROLE OF REVERSE MENTORING ON EMPLOYEE WORK ENGAGEMENT: DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-EFFICACY AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING
Authors: Harshani M. D. R.
Published: February 2025

Employee engagement is a headline issue and it’s becoming even more complicated when businesses are trying to engage employees who belong to multiple generations and “Reverse Mentoring” can be suggested as a solution to deal with the changing dynamics and it is proposed to be a tool to develop and engage multigenerational workforce. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of reverse mentoring on employee work engagement as mentors in selected organizations in Sri Lanka. This study will examine the moderating effect of self-efficacy, perceived organizational support and the mediating effect of knowledge sharing between reverse mentoring and employee work engagement. As per the Employee-driven job resource model (JD-R), it is argued that when an organization facilitates reverse mentoring (relational level), employees also perceive it as a job resource and as a strong organizational support and feel obligated toward the organization. Currently employee engagement which is facilitated by knowledge sharing enables organizations to gain competitive advantage and to this end, knowledge sharing is fundamental domain in retaining competitive advantage, particularly in terms of employee engagement. This theoretical association between the individual–level, relational-level factors and work engagement of junior employees (as mentors) will reveal significant managerial implications and insights for future research. Further, the impact is amplified by offering organizations a strategic tool to bridge generational gaps and promote a collaborative culture along with enhanced work engagement.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE PRODUCTION AMONG SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN BATTICALOA, SRI LANKA
Authors: Brinthan N.  , Maheswaranathan S.
Published: February 2025

Maize is largely a subsistence food under promotion as food security and it is also the source of income for small-scale farmers in rural areas. Considering food insecurity and poverty, the study of technical efficiency directs small-scale farmers to compare the expected potential yield and the actual yield sustainably using productive resources. Especially small-scale farmers in Koralaipattu North Division tend to underutilize or over utilize some of the factors of production. Therefore, 100 maize farmers were randomly selected as respondents among 150 farmers for the study to estimate the technical efficiency of maize and its determinants in Koralaipattu North, DS division from December to March 2022. Cobb Douglas, Stochastic frontier production function was applied to identify the impact of each input on maize production and the findings revealed that log forms of the inputs such as land size, labour hours and fertilizer significantly affected the maize production in this study area. Further, the findings indicated that the mean value of technical efficiency was 78 percent. An inefficiency effect model indicated that the coefficient for farmers’ experience, education, and farm income and credit assistance were statistically significant and negative which reduced the technical inefficiency. The findings of the study suggest that the government should initiate programs to exchange farm experience among the community and promote farmers’ education which encourages the adoption of new farming techniques and management. Further, providing additional income and credit facilities improves the efficiency of maize farming and their income in the future.
EXAMINING THE DETERMINANTS OF ADOPTION PREFERENCES TOWARDS INTERCROPPING AMONG RUBBER FARMERS IN KALUTARA DISTRICT
Authors: M.S.N.Ransara  , A.Thayaparan
Published: February 2025

Intercropping is an agricultural technique where many crops are grown together on the same field, and it is becoming more widely acknowledged for its ability to improve the productivity and rural livelihoods through raising household income and capital assets. in this context, this study aims to assess the significant mean differences in demographic, economic and farming characteristics across adopting and non - adopting rubber smallholders towards intercropping and examine the impact of above characteristics on the adoption preferences towards intercropping among rubber smallholders in the study area. This research approach based on quantitative and using stratified random sampling method, 150 farmers who cultivate rubber as their major agricultural crop were selected during the period from October 2022 to March 2023. The collected data was analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, independent samples t–test, chi- square test and probit model. Results of frequency showed that 79% of the farmers engaged in intercropping system and 21% of them were not adopted in their rubber cultivation. Independent samples t-test proved that on average age, family size, farming experience, farm income, immature rubber land size and distance to market were significantly differ across adaptors and non-adaptors. Estimated results of probit model revealed that among the demographic characteristics, age, education level, family size and membership of farm organizations were significantly impact on adoption of intercropping. Among the farming characteristics, farm experience, ownership of land, time allocation and nature of land were significant in the study. Farm income and size of immature rubber land are the major determinants among the economic related factors in determining the adoption of intercropping. Findings of the study may help the policy makers to formulate the appropriate strategies to increase the income and ensure the economic stability of rubber stallholders in the study area.
Students Perceptions, Satisfactions and Challenges on Problem-Based Learning (PBL): A Survey Study Among Final Year Pharmacy Students
Authors: E. Zainudin Engku Nuraishah Huda , Khaidir Fakhira Damia , May Khin Soe  , Yusof Nurul Asyiqin , Mohammad Khairool Azizul
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is being adopted more frequently in pharmacy education to enhance skills such as problem-solving, and self-directed learning. However, thorough research on pharmacy students’ perceptions and satisfaction towards PBL in Malaysia remains inconclusive. This study aims to explore students’ views, satisfaction, and obstacles regarding PBL in pharmacy education especially to improve critical thinking, interpersonal skills, and problem-solving skills. Method: A cross-sectional study using a validated closed and open-ended questionnaire consisting of 22 statements was distributed among 84 final-year pharmacy students. Results: Eighty-four final-year pharmacy students participated in this study. Findings revealed that the majority agreed with statements on benefits that PBL significantly contributed to their knowledge acquisition (100.0%), stimulated the exploration of basic scientific concepts (98.8%), and enhanced their understanding in selecting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in disease management (97.6%, 95.2% respectively). The consensus extended to the belief that PBL fostered interactions with peers (91.7%), improved problem-solving skills (95.2%) and enhanced interpersonal skills (95.2%). Students expressed confidence in their instructors’ clarity (92.9%) and clear answers to questions (90.5%). Most felt comfortable participating in discussions (69%), and nearly all students were satisfied with their group members’ cooperation (95.2%). Although, most findings highlight positive aspects of PBL, this study also identified three major challenges in PBL implementation, namely 1) insufficient time for PBL preparation, 2) lack of teamwork, and 3) difficulty in finding adequate reading materials. Conclusion: Overall, these findings highlight positive aspects of the PBL experience among respondents. Future research should consider diverse student populations, conduct longitudinal studies, and explore instructors’ perspectives.
Optimising Palm Olein-Based Betamethasone 17-Valerate Emulsions for Scalable Manufacturing and Stability
Authors: Win Thazin , Abu Bakar Mohd. Rushdi , Mohamed Farahidah , Taher Muhammad , I. Sarker Md. Zaidul
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Palm olein has been used as an excipient in the formulation of topical emulsions due to its rich source of natural antioxidants that can lead to better skin health and higher stability upon storage. Despite its potential as a topical drug delivery vehicle, the practical implementation of manufacturing 20% (w/w) palm olein-in-water emulsions for commercial purposes has not been explored extensively, and obtaining experimental data on scale-up studies would be helpful in facilitating this realisation. Methods: This research work established and optimised the manufacturing process parameters for the production of cream and lotion formulations containing betamethasone 17-valerate, utilising palm olein as the vehicle, with scale-up from lab-scale 5 kg batches to pilot-scale 80 kg batches. Design of experiments (DoE) where response surface methodology as well as three-level, two-factors (32) full factorial design were used to develop statistical models for representing the possible relationships between factors: homogenisation time and speed, and responses: particle size and phase separation. Results: The findings established that the quadratic model was the most suitable model as it could predict the interactions between factors and responses in an accurate manner as well as suggest the optimum operating conditions. The optimum homogenisation time and speed were found to be 40 minutes and 3400 rpm, respectively. These conditions produced emulsions with the smallest particle size (3.2 µm ± 0.03) and the least phase separation value (29.7% ± 0.35). Conclusion: The study successfully demonstrated the potential to scale up the manufacturing of 20% (w/w) palm olein-in-water emulsions for commercial purposes. The optimised parameters, obtained through DoE, facilitate the large-scale production of stable emulsions containing betamethasone 17-valerate.
Perspectives of Pharmacists Towards Patient-Centred Mental Health Pharmacy Services: A Focus Group Study
Authors: A Rahim Nurul Aziera , Ab Rahman Norny Syafinaz , Abdul Rahman Khairul Azrul , Cheong Jia Yi , Abd Ghafar Nur Fazlin , Ibrahim Yasmin , Ramlan Aida Roziana , Zaini Syahrir
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The rising prevalence of mental illness is a growing concern. Integrating pharmacists into mental health care teams could help address this challenge by improving service quality and accessibility for patients. This study investigates pharmacists' opinions regarding treatment care in the Kuantan and Pekan areas and their attitudes toward patient-centred mental health pharmacy services.  Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 63 pharmacists around Kuantan and Pekan, Pahang, utilising a focus group discussion (FGD) style. The pharmacists were selected through purposive sampling from 2 general hospitals, 2 district health offices, and 1 teaching hospital. All locations are primary healthcare in Malaysia. The focus group topic guide was created using the relevant literature research. The entire interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed inductively to analyse the data. Results: This study involved 14 focus group sessions with all 63 pharmacists participating. Every interview was in person at the designated sites. From the interviews, 6 key themes were identified. 1. Role of pharmacists in mental health care. 2. Pharmacists-patients’ interactions. 3. Interprofessional collaborations with other healthcare workers. 4. Challenges and barriers. 5. Training needs for pharmacists and lastly 6. Improvement on the role of pharmacists and future practice. Conclusion: This research explores Malaysian pharmacists' perspectives on mental health treatments. It highlights pharmacists' potential contributions to mental health care, the challenges they face when assisting patients with mental health conditions, and the current limitations of mental health services in Malaysia's primary healthcare settings, hospitals, and Klinik Kesihatan.