bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Capacity of Older Adults with Locomotive Syndrome Stage 1 Living in Nursing Home: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Prayogo Michael , Tinduh Damayanti , Poerwandari Dewi , Dharmanta Rwahita Satyawati , Wulan Sri Mardjiati Mei , Mikami Yukio , Melaniani Soenarnatalina
Published: October 2022

Background: Aging causes locomotive syndrome (LS), which is characterized by difficulty in walking. The present study determined the effects of locomotion training and regular aerobic exercise programs on the aerobic capacity of older nursing home residents with LS stage 1.Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 24 participants aged 60–80 years with LS stage 1 residing in a single nursing home in Surabaya, Indonesia. The participants were randomly assigned to either the locomotion training group (LTG) or the control group (CG). Both the groups performed 30 minutes of a daily group-based aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks. The LTG performed additional locomotion training three times weekly, with three sets per session, gradually increasing to five sets per session according to the participant’s tolerance. Two-minute walking test (2MWT) values before and after the 8-week intervention were determined in both the groups and converted to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) values.Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, a significant increase in VO2max was observed in both the groups (both p<0.05). The LTG showed a more significant improvement in VO2max (p<0.05) compared to the CG.Conclusion: The study results demonstrated the positive effect of 8 weeks of locomotion training and regular aerobic exercise programs in improving the aerobic capacity of older adult nursing home residents with LS stage 1.
Assessment of Striga hermonthica infestation and effectiveness of current management strategies in maize-based cropping systems in eastern Uganda
Authors: Bisikwa J. , Nampala P. , Nsibo D.L. , Kwikiriza N. , Bukenya C. , Otim M.H. , Kapting I. , Kabuye F.M. , Felix J.
Published: October 2022

Striga is a major constraint to cereal production in the tropics, particularly on soils of low fertility. Striga causes 30 to 80% cereal crop losses in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception of level of infestation and efficacy of current management options of Striga (Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth) in maize-based cropping systems in eastern Uganda. A survey was conducted in Iganga district in eastern Uganda, involving 360 households. On the basis of the survey outputs, on-farm trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of a herbicide seed-coating technology, imazapyr herbicide resistant maize (IR-maize) variety, either as a sole crop or intercropped with soybean (Glycine max) or common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). The study revealed that S. hermonthica caused more than 50% maize (Zea mays) yield loss and farmers were dissatisfied with the existing control practices. Farmers’ knowledge about Striga was mainly sourced from agricultural extension service providers. The on-farm trials revealed that IR-maize provided effective protection against S. hermonthica infestation. Also, intercropping Longe 6H maize variety with either soybean or common beans significantly reduced Striga infestation in farmers’ fields. Longe 6H-soybean intercropping reduced Striga infestation by 32%; while Longe 6H-common bean intercropping reduced Striga infestation by 14%. Intercropping either IR-maize or Longe 6H hybrid (farmer-preferred) with the aforementioned legumes, reduced S. hermonthica infestation (30–50%) and improved maize yield parameters (20-30%). For effective management of S. hermonthica in the maize-based cropping systems in eastern Uganda, farmers should be encouraged to adopt the improved IR-maize and intercrop farmer-preferred maize varieties with legumes in order to improve maize yields.
Marchés et logiques d’acteurs dans le système semencier de l’anacarde au Bénin
Authors: Hinnou L.C. , Maboudou Alidou G. , Sossou R. , Gansou R. , Avande F.L.
Published: October 2022

La filière anacarde contribue substantiellement à la croissance économique et à la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Bénin. En dépit des efforts de la recherche agricole, cette filière est confrontée à plusieurs contraintes dont l’utilisation des semences non performantes. L’objectif de la recherche était d’investiguer sur l’état des lieux de la gouvernance du système semencier de l’anacarde au Bénin avec un accent sur les perceptions, les discours et les pratiques des producteurs de semence face aux mesures normatives et aux actions des acteurs institutionnels. Les discours et les pratiques recueillis auprès d’un échantillon de 107 semenciers, producteurs de plants d’anacardiers ont été examinés au moyen de l’analyse thématique de contenu. Les résultats montrent qu’indépendamment des acteurs institutionnels, les producteurs de semence d’anacarde disposaient de marge de manœuvre pour accéder aux ressources de production et pour la vente des plants produits. Le courtage entre leurs paires et les institutions ainsi que le portage des “non-reconnus” sont des stratégies que ces semenciers, véritables acteurs rationnels, développent face au dispositif normatif en place. Ces logiques sont donc à considerer non seulement dans les actions de développement de la filière anacarde mais aussi pour la visibilité des efforts consentits par l’ensemble des acteurs.
How the idea of change has meddled with African cultural practices and the African sense of community
Authors: Nwosimiri Ovett
Published: October 2022

The idea of change seems to be a vital part of human life and culture. With the concept of change, people, communities, and cultural practices have significantly evolved. Change has transformed some communities, traditions, cultural values and practices, communication methods, education, art, and literature. Thus, in this paper, I focus on the idea of change, African cultural practices, and the African sense of community. I aim to show how the concept of change has meddled with African cultural practices and the African sense of community. I intend to achieve this by using the Ifá divination system, the idea of storytelling, and homosexuality or the LGBTIQA+1 people as examples.
Phytochemical analysis of cultivated medicinal mushroom- Ganoderma sp.
Authors: Ihayere C.A. , Okhuoya J.A.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical contents of indigenous cultivated Ganoderma sp. (Curt.) P. Karst. in comparison to other mushrooms found in literature. The cultivated indigenous medicinal mushroom (Ganoderma sp.) can be available all-year round, as compared with the wild or imported/foreign Ganoderma sp. which are scarce, seasonal and expensive. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using Methanol, Ethanol, Dichloromethane and Aqueous extracts. Preliminary tests indicated the presence of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids) and high carbohydrate contents in the cultivated Ganoderma fruiting bodies. Results of the quantitative analysis showed the highest value of phenol in aqueous extract, with the least value in Dichloromethane extract for flavonoids. The results obtained from this study reveals that the cultivated indigenous medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma sp. is a potential source of secondary metabolites which are beneficial as nutraceuticals in industries and pharmaceuticals.
Studies on potentials of the Hausa potato for herbage and tuber production
Authors: Namo O.A.T. , Istifanus F.N. , Nanbol K.K. , Satdom S.M. , Ifeduba M.A.
Published: October 2022

Prolonged production of new leaves in the Hausa potato result in competition for dry matter between the source and the sink. Reducing the foliage may reduce this competition in favour of the growing tubers. This study was aimed to study the potential of cultivating the Hausa potato for herbage and tuber production. Five accessions of the Hausa potato were combined with three rates of pruning and laid out in the field using the randomised complete block design in three replicates. Results showed that the accessions differed significantly in emergence rate as well as in stand count at harvest, length and girth of tuber. The accessions differed significantly in number of tubers per plant and mean weight of tubers, but these were not affected by the rate of pruning. Root-top ratio and fresh tuber yield were affected by the rate of pruning. Significant interactions of accession and rate of pruning were observed in emergence rate, stand count, length and girth of tubers, mean weight of tuber, root-top ratio and total tuber yield. The productivity of the Hausa potato, especially root-top ratio and fresh tuber yield, could be adversely affected by high rate of foliage reduction.
Seasonal variations in physicochemistry of water and sediment of a degraded freshwater wetland ecosystem: a case study of Ipare wetland in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Asunbo E.B. , Tanee F.B.G.
Published: October 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the seasonal variations (dry and rainy seasons) in physicochemical characteristics of a degraded freshwater wetland in Ipare, Ondo State. The physicochemical parameters of water and sediment samples from three degraded stations and a control (non-degraded site) were analysed using standard analytical method. Results showed that sodium and chloride concentrations in water ranged from 1329 to 1583 mg/l and 7373.9 to 9345.5 mg/l (dry season), and 56.87 to 207.06 mg/l and 130.4 to 513.76 mg/l (rainy season), respectively. The sediment showed sodium and chloride concentrations that ranged from 738.08 to 742.33 mg/kg and 1749.69 to 1793.94 mg/kg (dry season), and 410.25 to 411.93 mg/kg and 702.82 to 848.09 mg/kg (rainy season), respectively. Values for the control for sodium were 29.59 mg/l and 58.62 mg/kg (dry season) and 7.11mg/l and 9.6 mg/kg (wet season), while chloride values were 61.2 mg/l and 126.56 mg/kg (dry season) and 15.81 mg/l and 17.52 mg/l (rainy season) for water and sediment, respectively. All other physicochemical parameters were altered due to the variation in season. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p< 0.05) between the degraded sites and the control. The study showed that season and anthropogenic activities have significant effects on the physicochemical characteristics of sediment and water in the freshwater wetland and, therefore, contribute to wetland degradation.
Antimalarial activity of Bambusa vulgaris on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice
Authors: Udofia L.E. , Udoh N.B. , Edohoabasi B.G. , Owowo E.E.
Published: October 2022

Medicinal plants have always been used in the treatment of malaria. Most modern drugs have been isolated from plant-based sources and continue to play an essential role in healthcare. Malaria remains a disease of global concern with set goals towards the production of viable vaccines. This study was designed to investigate the antimalarial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Bambusa vulgaris on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. Lethal dose of ethanolic extract of B. vulgaris on mice was ascertained to be 2000mg/kg body weight. Ethanolic leaf extract of B. vulgaris was prepared from B. vulgaris leaves and administered orally to a total of 30 P. berghei infected mice divided into 5 groups. Lethal dose of ethanolic extract of B. vulgaris on mice was ascertained to be 2000mg/kg body weight. The leaf extract of B. vulgaris significantly reduced the parasitaemia in the erythrocytes of P. berghei infected mice (P≥ 0.05). It was also found that higher doses of the extract (500mg/kg body weight) exhibited higher anti-malarial activity than the lower doses (100mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight). These results show that the ethanolic leaf extract of B. vulgaris possesses significant anti-malarial activity thus rationalizing its traditional use in malaria therapy.
Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity and inhibitions of lipid peroxidation and parasite haem polymerization activity by medicinal phytochemicals of Phyllanthus amarus
Authors: Onyesom I. , Elu C.O. , Acha J.O. , Ojugbeli E.T. , Ochonogor E.P. , Udumebraye L.O.
Published: October 2022

Despite the dedicated struggle to eliminate malaria, the current trend of the infection, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa remains worrisome due to failing control and treatment approaches caused by a myriad of factors. Therefore, the search for new, affordable, and more potent antimalarial drugs, from plants especially, have become the frontline in recent times. This study thus, evaluates the in vitro antiplasmodial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the phytochemical (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones) extracts of Phyllanthus amarus using documented methods. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities were determined by parasite growth inhibition assay and microassay technique by the lactate dehydrogenase method, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined by measuring inhibition of both lipid peroxidation and heam polymerization by extracts. Results show that the alkaloid extract was noncytotoxic (CC = 60.26 μg/mL) and most selectable (SI = 125.5) with the highest antiplasmodial (IC = 0.48 μg/mL) and 50 50 haem polymerization inhibition (IC = 0.63 μg/mL) activities, but moderate antioxidant lipid peroxidation inhibition, (LPI; 50 IC = 500μg/mL) capacity. However, the ethanol and flavonoid phytochemical extracts displayed the highest antioxidant 50 activity in inhibition of heam polymerization (IC = 0.46 μg/mL) and lipid peroxidation (IC = 218.78 μg/mL), respectively, 50 50 with significant antiplasmodial activity (IC = 0.48 μg/mL and 1.10 μg/mL, respectively). Our results show that all 50s phytochemical extracts studied were non-cytotoxic. Although the antioxidant activities of the flavonoid and ethanol phytochemical extracts were greater in comparison to the alkaloid phytochemical, alkaloid was the most selectable active antiplasmodial phytochemical of P. amarus and one of its mechanisms of action is by inhibiting parasite haem detoxification.
Parasite repository - the future of parasitological research in Nigeria
Authors: Ajakaye O.G. , Enabulele E.E.
Published: October 2022

Biorepositories are an important resource for today’s research. To obtain more scientific information, stored samples from older repositories are being investigated using modern techniques and technologies, while new repositories are being built to facilitate genomic studies. Parasitological research has progressed from basic laboratory procedures to using molecular and genomic methodologies to understand parasite biology, necessitating the creation of parasitology-based biorepositories. Parasite biorepositories can reduce the cost of frequent sampling in resource-constrained situations and enhance best research practices, in addition to enhancing research productivity. Repositories can also help to prevent the loss of biological materials from uncommon, endangered, or newly found species. In Nigeria, the available repositories are mostly for the archiving of clinical samples. To promote parasite genomics research in Nigeria, a parasite library is required. Through membership, institutional, and international support, national groups such as the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) can build and maintain parasite biorepositories.
Molecular characterization of babesia species infecting dogs (Canis familiaris) in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Obeta S.S. , Lawal A.I. , Natala A.J. , Ogo N.I. , Ogo N.I. , Opara M.N. , Jegede O.C. , Balogun E.O.
Published: October 2022

Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by an intra-erythrocytic protozoan of the genus Babesia. The genus contains a large number of species capable of infecting a variety of mammalian hosts, including humans. Misdiagnosis of the infection is a major setback in disease management, monitoring, and control. Therefore, timely and precise identification of infecting Babesia species is critical. This study aimed at detecting and characterizing the Babesia species infecting dogs in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja. Blood samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs (n=480), thin smears were prepared, Giemsa-stained, and examined under a microscope. DNA was extracted from positive blood samples (n=15), and PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene was performed using generic primers. PCR products were purified, electrophoresed on 1.5% agarose gels and thereafter, sequenced bidirectionally. The prevalence of Babesia species in thin smear was 3.1%. The prevalence in the six Area Councils was 5.0%, 3.75%, 2.5%, 2.5%, 2.5% and 2.5% for Gwagwalada, Municipal, Bwari, Kuje, Kwali and Abaji respectively. The prevalence in relation to age was 3.87% in dogs >1year old and 1.76% in dogs ≤ 1 year old. Prevalence by breed, was 4.38% in exotic dogs, 3.23% in local and 2.35% in crossbred. The prevalence in relation to sex was 3.96% in males and 2.37% in females. The BLAST search was carried out in the NCBI database, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using nucleotide sequences in GenBank. Electrophoresed PCR products revealed a band size of about 612bp. Blast in NCBI demonstrated 100% similarity with Babesia canis vogeli nucleotide sequences. This study reaffirmed the molecular identification of B. c. vogeli in apparently healthy dogs in Nigeria and it may be of clinical importance to veterinary clinicians in the management and control of the disease.
Exogenous poisoning in Tocantins - Brazil: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Kramer Dany Geraldo , Pereira Ferreira Amanda
Published: October 2022

Exogenous intoxication occurs due to the interaction with some chemical substances that lead to the appearance of varied signs and symptoms, from topical exanthema to severe systemic complications, hemorrhages, shock, coma and death. Therefore, it is important to report cases to epidemiological surveillance for the implementation of practices and actions that lead to their prevention. Thus, the objective was to analyze the compulsory notifications for exogenous intoxication in the Brazilian Northeast from 2014 to 2017. For that, a descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study was developed from cases reported in the National System of Diseases and Notifications (SINAN) in the Northeast region of Brazil. A total of 101,845 cases of exogenous intoxication were reported, with a greater predominance among: women (52.74%); brown race/color (61.42%) and age group from 20 to 39 years (37.88%). The drug was the main cause of intoxication with 35,646 cases (34.99%). The suicide attempt stood out in the circumstances studied (24.54%). The acute clinical criterion was the most relevant with 54,836 cases and the most observed clinical course was cure without sequelae (65.61%). There were no records for the following variables: Ethnicity (27.90%); Education (20.33%); Toxic agent (19.10%); Clinical evolution (30.10%) and Circumstance (23.84%). Thus, it was possible to verify that exogenous intoxication is an investigation event of extreme relevance to public health. This fact suggests the need for preventive actions and health education for the population of the region.
Microbial prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bhatia Vaidehi , Jazza Anna , Gulamabas Shabnam , Ladha Zainabbas , Ramaiya Kaushik , Alimohamed Mohamed Zahir
Published: October 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is among the top ten global threats as declared by WHO in 2019. Irrational use of antibiotics has led to the evolution of resistant microbes. There is limited data in our setting regarding microbes and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This study determines predominant bacterial isolates, their susceptibility pattern and current practices among prescribers regarding change of empirical to definitive treatment following antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results.

Method: A retrospective observational study involving 171 culture and AST reports of inpatients admitted between Jan-Dec 2020 in a tertiary-care hospital in Dar-es-Salaam.

Results: Of 171 specimens, 52.6% were culture-positive. The frequently isolated organisms included Klebsiella species (21.1%), Escherichia coli (18.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.4%). Of these, Gram-negative isolates showed high rates of resistance against third-generation cephalosporins (71.7%) whereas Gram-positive isolates showed high rates of resistance against penicillins (100%). More than half (58.1%) of the patients with positive culture had changes in antibiotics from empirical to definitive treatment that did not match the AST results. 

Conclusion: Varied rates of resistance to fourth-generation cephalosporin by the majority of bacterial isolates are alarming. This calls for the establishment of antimicrobial stewardship programs to cater for optimal and rational use of antibiotics by consumers and prescribers.
Postpartum glycemia and pregnancy outcomes among women in Arusha Region, Tanzania
Authors: Msollo Safiness Simon , Mwanri Akwilina Wendelin
Published: October 2022

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a medical condition that disappears after delivery if early diagnosis and management are done. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia six weeks postpartum and pregnancy outcomes among women in Arusha City.  

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between March and December 2018 as part of a large study which involved 468 randomly selected pregnant women and excluded those who were diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy. Women were screened for hyperglycemia six weeks postpartum where fasting and oral glucose tolerant tests were done by Gluco-Plus™ using World Health Organization criteria. Body fat percentage, mid-upper arm circumference, height and weight were measured using standard procedures. Postpartum information was collected using a structured questionnaire and data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Among 468 women who participated in the study at baseline, 392 (83.7%) returned for postpartum assessments. Postpartum hyperglycemia among women was 2.1% (n=8) and majority had normal delivery (92.6%, n=363) while 7.4% (n=29) delivered through caesarean section. About 8.2% (n=32) of the newborn were macrosomia and 4.1% (n=16) low birth weight. Miscarriages or abortions were not identified while stillbirth was observed in 0.5% (n=2) and neonatal death (1.3%, n=5). Postpartum hyperglycemia was significantly associated with body fat percentage (AOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14-1.91), mid-upper arm circumference (AOR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.023-1.99), macrosomia (AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 2.2-10.31) and family history of type 2 diabetes (AOR 6.4, 95% CI: 1.93-13.3).

Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum hyperglycemia was generally low however; it was significantly associated with macrosomia, increased body fat percentage, mid-upper circumference and family history of type 2 diabetes.  Also, a low prevalence of poor pregnancy outcomes was reported which may be attributed to actions taken after being referred for further treatments and management which need further exploration.
Equations in virtually class 2 nilpotent groups
Authors: Levine Alex
Published: October 2022

We give an algorithm that decides whether a single equation in a group that
is virtually a class $2$ nilpotent group with a virtually cyclic commutator
subgroup, such as the Heisenberg group, admits a solution. This generalises the
work of Duchin, Liang and Shapiro to finite extensions.
PROTIVRJEČNOSTI GLOBALIZACIJE I TRANZICIJE ZEMALJA ZAPADNOG BALKANA SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA BIH / CONTRADICTIONS OF GLABALIZATION AND TRANSITION ON WESTERN BALKANS WITH REFERENCE ON BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Fočo Adnan
Published: October 2022

Globalization and transition are two processes that have the same goal and that goal is to change the current or existing state. Globalization is change on a global scale while the transition is taking place within one or more countries. Globalization has made the world different. From the first economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo to today's economic theorists, the basis of social change, especially at the global level, is a change in the sphere of economy and in the economic structure of both the developed and the developing countries. Economic changes condition both the social as well as the political changes. These changes do not come one without the other. The common basis and desire of the agents of change is to achieve them in accordance with the set goals and achievements that are desirable for its protagonists. However, changes often take place against the will and expectations of its protagonists and actors. The consequences are often unpredictable although controlled and programmed. The programmed changes are part of the globalization strategy whose actors are developed countries.
JEDINSTVENA TEORIJA MIŠLJENJA, ZNAČENJA I DJELOVANJA / A UNIFIED THEORY OF THOUGHT, MEANING AND ACTION
Authors: Davidson Donald , Ibrulj Nijaz
Published: October 2022

Translated from: D. Davidson: Problems of Rationality, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 151-166.
Agro-industrial production in Kazakhstan: issues of diversification as a priority development direction
Authors:   International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kamysbayev M. , Moldashev A. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Berdykulova G. ,   International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2022

As a result of agricultural reforms carried out in Kazakhstan, the legal and organizational forms of farms have changed, and a diversified economy has been formed. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the country's agro-industrial complex, to identify the main problems and prospects for the growth of agricultural production, to show the importance of diversification processes for the sustainable development of agricultural sector in the context of destabilization of the world economy. Methods – quantitative-qualitative and factor analysis, economic-statistical, abstract-logical conclusions. Results – the situation in AIC for 1990-2021 is analyzed in crop production and animal husbandry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dynamics of sown areas of main agricultural crops of enterprises, peasant (private) farms in recent years and 1990 shows that there have been changes in the structure of crops in the republic: expansion of the size of arable land for cultivation of wheat, vegetables, melons, root crops and reduction in forage grasses. A study of the livestock sector in Kazakhstan led to the conclusion that population nu mber of livestock and poultry did not reach the level of 1990. The data on redistribution of livestock by categories of farms are presented. The necessity of its increase for creation of large livestock complexes is substantiated. Conclusions – the authors note that at present, th e country's agricultural producers are facing a constant increase in costs. This leads to higher food prices. Diversification in market economy makes it possible to reduce the risks of unreasonably high costs and respond flexibly to imbalances between supp ly and demand, maintain production capacities, and ensure the growth of profits and profitability of agricultural producers. It is necessary to use i nnovative, resource-saving technologies, the integrated use of land resources, and solution of the problems of degraded pastures.
Agritourism sector of Kazakhstan: attracting foreign direct investment
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan, Agybetova R. Y. , Shakayeva G. S. ,   Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan, Abilkhay Zh. K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2022

The investment policy of each country is aimed to increase investment in potential areas of economy. Tourism in the world market, including in agricultural sector, has become an attractive industry for investors who are planning long-term income. The goal is to analyze how effective it is to attract foreign direct investment in agro-tourism complex of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, methods of organizing interviews with specialists and a survey of existing representatives of tourism business were used. The results were obtained by integrating qualitative and quantitative analysis in the course of survey with targeted audience selection. Results – the positive impact of investments of foreign countries in agritourism was revealed, since developing countries are most interested and need to invest in tourism activities. The initiative is justified by the fact that targeted bank deposits have both direct and indirect impact on other market segments, creating new jobs, developing services, and improving infrastructure. Conclusions – the estimated position of entrepreneurs in rural tourism revealed the low potential of the republic for external sources of financing, since there are a number of factors that reduce investment opportunities. Taking into account the negatively affecting inhibitors, recommendations have been developed to increase investment activity based on the analysis of secondary data with the study of foreign experience and primary materials obtained during the collection of information and interviews. For comparison, the example of Uzbekistan was used, with similar economic, cultural and historical characteristics. In addition, business tourism of this destination positions the tourist product, having resources similar to those of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the world stage.
Correction of the course of agricultural policy of the European Union based on the example of the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors:   Analytical Center of Economic Policy in the Agricultural Sector, Astana, Kazakhstan, Rakhimov A. M. , Tleubayev A. B. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Astana, Kazakhstan, Yerzhigitov Y. S. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2022

The purpose is an analytical study of the issues related to the changing of the course of agricultural policy of the European Union on the example of the Federal Republic of Germany. Methods – monographic, comparative analysis, abstract-logical. The dynamics of the structure of the EU budget for 1993-2027 is considered. Since 1993 to 2006 the share of agriculture on average accounted for about 40% of budget funds, in 2006-2020 – about 30%, and for 2021-2027 – 23.6% is provided. Results – the authors note that in the European Union there are two components of state support for agricultural sector of economy. The first one implies direct payments to commodity producers, which are provided for one hectare of agricultural land if farmers meet the relevant conditions. This also includes general market mechanisms applied to certain types of agricultural products. For example, reimbursement of export costs and storage costs. The second component is used as an additional tool for solving AIC problems. Since 1999 it includes targeted programs for financing sustainable and environmentally friendly production and development of rural areas. Conclusions – in recent years, the bulk of government subsidies (up to 70%) directed to support the income of agricultural producers accounted for direct payments. In the earlier period, the structure was radically opposite. For example, in the early 1990, market expansion measures were 91%, direct contributions were 9%, and there was no cash allocation for improving rural infrastructure. The reverse side of this process is that agro-industrial complex is largely dependent on direct payments.
Stimulation of economic growth in agro-industrial complex of the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan
Authors:   M.H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Aimen A. T. , Moldasheva A. B. ,   M.H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Atasheva D. O. ,   M.H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2022

Issues of government support for agricultural sector, types of subsidies and procedure for their distribution are considered, as well as the role of subsidies in the development of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan. The goal is to develop theoretical and practical provisions for improving organizational and economic mechanism for financing agriculture in the Zhambyl region by the State. Methods – comparative, logical, statistical, analysis of structure and dyna-mics, tabular and graphical interpretation of information. Results – based on the analysis of the state of the main branches of agro-industrial complex, assessment of State assistance measures, factors hindering the growth in the volume of products produced by agricultural producers of the repu blic (concentration of production in households; unsatisfactory quality of raw materials; seasonal ity, low level of investment incentives; insufficient scientific and technical support). Conclusions – taking into account the existing problems of the small-scale nature of agro-industrial production, the need for cooperation of small forms of management is substantiated in order to bring together the efforts of all economic entities in one commodity flow, the availability of marketing agricultural products, providing consumers with quality goods, while large and small producers will have equal conditions for increasing their own, joint and State income. The article identifies such priority areas as the possibility of creating retail outlets in the markets and in trading houses for domestic food products, organization of scientific and industrial schools in order to improve the competence of individual entrepreneurs in agribusiness. The authors note that State regulation and support of agricultural economy is one of the strategic goals of the policy of effective protectionism and ensuring free competition in the agri-food market.
Economic efficiency of laying a new line Gazhayyp 57-06 of the Mugalzhar breed of horses for breeding in the conditions of the Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Torekhanov A. A. , Baktybayev G. T. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Baymukhanov A. B. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development,  Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2022

The line of the outstanding stallion Gazhayyp 57-06 was laid in Karatomar LLP of the North Kazakhstan region. Horses are characterized by a general harmonious build, an elongated body, a long straight muscular neck, and a dense constitution. The genetic potential for live weight of stallions reaches 600 kg, and mares – 520 kg. Their important quality is a higher live weight, correct addition and massiveness. The color of the horses is red (70%), dark red (30%). According to the results of research in 2019-2021 it was found that growing and sale of such stallions is economically feasible. The goal is to breed a stallion of a new pedigree in order to preserve the outstanding productive qualities of the proband in the descendants. Methods – factory methods of linear selection are used for the first time when laying a line in herd horse keeping. Results – it is shown that classic factory methods, with the methods modified by the authors, are applicable when providing herd conditions. The stallions obtained from breeding in the breeding farms of the North Kazakhstan and Akmola regions are highly evaluated. Their sons and grandchildren are sold in farms at a high price. Conclusions – breeding of linear horses Gazhayyp 57-06 in various regions of Kazakhstan is highly profitable, has a significant impact on the growth of horse meat production in year-round grazing conditions and has great potential for obtaining e nvironmentally friendly products. To provide the population with dietary meat, to expand the range of meat products, a significant increase in livestock is necessary.
Sugar industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan: current state and modernization reserves
Authors:   Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Dautkanov N. B. , Dautkanova D. R. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2022

The goal is to investigate the state and problems in the sugar industry in Kazakhstan. Methods – analysis of industry information from publicly available open sources, scientific literature, official materials of territorial administration, the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, industry experts and business entities. Results – the baseline is a conceptual model of a closed project for the northern and/or eastern regions of the country, which are characterized by significant acreage, cold autumn and winter periods, which contribute to a longer storage of sugar beets (with proper stacking of piles using forced ventilation systems). The necessity of a cluster approach to ensure sustainable d evelopment of sugar industry in the formation of a financial model is justified. Conclusions – the article presents material on world sugar production in 2019/2020, an overview of sugar product sub-complex in the republic, main beet-growing zones and their climatic conditions. Considering the problems of ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, it is noted that sugar market in Kazakhstan does not provide the industry and the population of the country with the necessary volumes. The proposed concept of the project for the northern and northeastern regions is visualized in the form of a block diagram. The authors note that there is experience in growing this crop in the North Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions with more severe climatic conditions, in comparison with usual southern regions (Almaty and Zhambyl regions), which cannot be an obstacle to obtai ning products following the example of the Canadian company LanticRogers (Taber, Canada, Alberta).
USTAVNA REVIZIJA INSTITUCIJE PREDSEDNIKA SRBIJE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vučković Jelena
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we displayed the analysis of the existing constitutional state in Republic of Serbia and we gave the perception of upcoming phase of constitutional development. Widely announced and expected constitutional revision in Serbia would probably affect various segments of constitutional matter, and the authors especially distinguish and point out the attractiveness of potential changes of constitutional solution of institution of president of Republic. This question belongs to the circle of challenging subjects, which would be put on the table of discussions about constitutional changes. The potential change of the manner for election the chief of state would leave the constitutional consequences on the existing relation within the institutions of executive power and also on the whole system of government. The methodological framework ranges from dogmatic-normative analysis of existing constitutional solutions, along with the use of historical method when it comes to the previous period of constitutional development of Serbia. The use of political approach during conducted research is in the function of highlighting additional argumentation, which would be used for justifying attitudes and suggestions.
NEIMENOVANI UGOVORI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Ječmenić Milan
Published: October 2022

The object of the author's attention in this paper are innominate contracts. More specifically, the question of types of innоminate contracts that appear regularly in contractual practice. Then, the author deals with the problem of applying the legal rules to innominate contracts. Finally, the author analyzes another problem that occurs regularly in contractual practice, which is the integration of innominate contracts.
ODNOS CENTRALNE BANKE I GRANA DRŽAVNE VLASTI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Purić Sveto , Rapajić Milan ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law
Published: October 2022

Highly regulated legal relations in a single legal system reflects the level of legal culture of a nation. When it comes to standardizing the relationship between the branchеs of government and other subjects of the political system and the public, regulatory bodies and independent institutions that have a considerable degree of autonomy in their work and this is a sensitive issue. States authorities must fulfill their functions of creating the law, its execution, and creating a general national policy (and the creator of that creation is executive power) whose element is also economic policy. In this paper, the authors pay attention to defining a branches of power, starting from the triple division of functions of state power into legislative, judicial and executive. It is pointed out that there are different types of organizations, primarily the executive, ie parliamentary, presidential, semi-presidential and аssembly system Relations between the branches of government and the central bank are different in the legal systems. This has to do with the system of government organization and democratic relations in society. The primary function of the modern central bank is to control the supply of money and credit conditions in the country. The Central Bank is responsible for the conduct of monetary policy and in the achievement of its objectives it must not be blocked by two political branches of government: legislative and executive. The executive has the greatest responsibility for the state of the nation, and thus in some legal systems it still has a major impact on the central bank's staff structure.
BORBA PROTIV HAJDUČIJE U KNEŽEVINI SRBIJI: IZMEĐU ZAKONITOSTI I BEZBEDNOSTI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Čvorović Zoran
Published: October 2022

This article is concerned on social and legal phenomenon of brigandry, and it’s degradation from a form of fight for national liberation during the period of Otoman occupation into a serious criminal problem in restored Prinicipality. Accordingly, the first chapter of the article determines causes that led to massive occurrence of brigandry in Serbs during the Otoman rule. Central part of the work presents criminal and procedural actions that the Principality of Serbia enforced to contain brigandry. The fight against bringandry is analyzed from the point of numerous legal documents dedicated to this criminal act, enacted from the beginning of Milos Obrenovic’s rule to the moment the first Serbian Criminal law (Kaznitelni zakon za Knjazevstvo Srbiju) was adopted. In that respect, exceptional character of specific measures that the state was undertaking against brigands is studied in this article, and in particularly their relation to principles of legality and to specific basic personal rights guaranteed by (so called) Turkish Constitution from 1838.
ZAŠTITA GEOGRAFSKIH OZNAKA JAKIH ALKOHOLNIH PIĆA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Lučić Sonja
Published: October 2022

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) published an interesting judgement in Case C-44/17. Following the action initiated in Germany by the Scotch Whisky Association (SWA), the Court of Hamburg had asked the CJEU to interpret EU legislation on GIs spirit drinks (Regulation (EC) No 110/2008), in particular with respect to the depth of "evocation". The case opposes the SWA and a distillery located in Germany, which produces and markets whisky under the designation "Glen Buchenbach". The product’s label also indicates “German product”. The SWA considers that the use of the term "Glen", in connection with whisky, infringes the GI "Scotch Whisky" as it is liable to cause consumers to make an inappropriate connection to the GI. “Glen” in fact is widely used in Scotland to refer to “valley” and is an element of the trade mark of Scotch Whisky producers. With respect to the concept of evocation, which is a powerful tool to protect GIs against the exploitation of their reputation and other practices which aim at establishing a connection between the products sold and GIs, the main elements of the judgement are: The “conceptual” proximity between a GI and the contested name can result in an evocation. This has to be evaluated by national courts, taking into account the fact that an average European consumer, who is reasonably well informed and observant and circumspect, when confronted with the name at issue, the image triggered in his mind is that of the product whose indication is protected. This is the first case which puts it beyond doubt that evocation can exist even where the name at issue is not similar phonetically or visually to the GI. The indication of the true origin of the good at issue does not exclude automatically the evocation of a GI. As a result, in the present case, the German court will have to determine whether an average European consumer thinks directly about the GI “Scotch Whisky” when he is confronted with a comparable product bearing the name “Glen” (“Glen Buchenbach” whisky).
HARDSHIP KLAUZULA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vujičić Jovan
Published: October 2022

Interest in solving the problem of changed circumstances in contractual relationships is shown not only by lawyers, but also by economic entities and their associations. Due to the very narrow application of international and national sources in the court and arbitration practice, the parties, in order to eliminate the uncertainty about whether or not, when and in what direction the changed circumstances affect the legal effect of the contract, most often explicitly allocate the risk of their occurrence. In order to free the routine approach that leads to blind stimulation and rewriting, i.e. entering into the contract of the usual safeguard clauses, without a complete understanding of their importance, it is necessary to become familiar with the types, content and effect of these clauses. By examining these issues in advance and contracting provisions appropriate to the circumstances and needs of specific transactions can be avoided many damages and deficiencies that may arise post factum in business practice.
PORODIČNI FIDEIKOMIS U RIMSKOM PRAVU I NEKIM EVROPSKIM KODIFIKACIJAMA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Stanković Emilija
Published: October 2022

Originally, fideicommissum represented the wish of the testator related to, for example, the place of burial, or the wish related to concluding marriage, etc. Such wishes in those times were not legally binding, but rather created moral obligation for the persons to whom they were directed to execute them. It was a wish, or a request made by the testator to be fulfilled by the persons who inherited his estate. Later on, it was Augustus who instituted fideicommissum as legally binding by favouring it in particular cases related to property rights. Fideicommissum was very similar to one other institution which also originated from Roman law, the legate. However, this institution exclusively referred to property, which was not the case with fideicommissum. These distinctions were lost in Justinian's Code where they became synonyms. In postclassical law, another institution emerged, called family fideicommissum (fideicommissum familiae relictum), which made family property inalianable. Thus, this fideicommissum ordered that family property be inherited by the eldest son (primogenitura), or the youngest son (ultimogenetura). This institution was fully applied in the Middle Ages becoming the basis of the social order of those times. It was abolished by bourgeois revolution and was not accepted later on in modern legislations. Fideicommissum was the part of Austrian Civil Code, as well as Serbian Civil Code which originated from it.