bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global occurrence of large volcanic collapses in a changing climate.
Authors: bernard karine
Published: July 2024

From Google Earth imagery and published data on Quaternary volcanoes worldwide, this paper presents a semi-quantitative analysis of large volcanic events inventory in worldwide examples during Quaternary periods. Volume, area, the run-out distance on the surface avalanche units, the ratio of the vertical drop with run out distance are calculated to characterize the avalanche mobility. Morphological parameters of volcanic destabilization imply critical stability of volcanic edifices and cyclic evolution of volcanoes. Alignment of collapsed volcanic complex along fault zones are related to slab depth of oblique subduction zones.
From the statistical dataset, a few equations have been developed, indicating a co-genetic evolution of avalanche deposits. Positive correlations are established between times, latitudes, the ratios of the vertical drop with run-out distancearound 0.05 -0.18, the run-out distance, and the volume or flow area of avalanche deposits.The morphological variations of the debris-avalanche deposits are associated with the avalanche dam-break-out and reworked deposits with matrix transformation and dilution during quarternary climatic variations. The oldest Pleistocene avalanche deposits show successive transformations into lahar deposits within a continental extensional context. Flow transformations are identified during the transitional context of the Maunder Minimum during the Little Ice Age. Climatic conditions durin the Greenlandien and the Spörer minimum contribute to reduce the large volcanic destabilization. These results highlight the importance of semi-quantitative studies along avalanche fault zones to better constrain subsequent hazardous flows related to the effects of climate change.
Unlocking the Secrets of Regeneration: Histology of Regenerating Arm in Ophiocoma scolopendrina from the Persian Gulf
Authors: Nowruzi Nasim , Biuki Narges Amrollahi , Ferrario Cinzia , Sugni Michela
Published: July 2024

Ophiocoma scolopendrina, a prevalent brittle star species in the southernmost intertidal zone of Qeshm Island, serves as an exemplary model for studying echinoderm arm regeneration processes within the Persian Gulf. To elucidate the regenerative mechanisms of these organisms, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of their regenerative structures from a histological perspective. The collected specimens were carefully acclimated to laboratory conditions in aerated seawater aquaria before being transferred to specially treated environments. Adhering to strict ethical protocols, we amputated the arms of the brittle stars and meticulously documented the subsequent regenerative changes at various intervals: 24 hours, 72 hours, and weekly up to six weeks post-amputation. Our findings reveal that Ophiocoma scolopendrina undergoes a triphasic regenerative pathway, encompassing a repair phase, an early regenerative phase, and an advanced regenerative phase. Notably, the temporal progression of these phases differs from that observed in other previously studied species. Initially, the brittle stars effectuate wound closure and healing of the autotomy plane through an epimorphic process, characterized by the migration of epidermal cells and re-epithelialization. Subsequently, the formation of a regenerative blastema within the bud initiates morphogenesis, followed by the differentiation and proliferation of blastemal cells, culminating in the development of the regenerated arm.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Exacerbates Thromboembolic Cerebrovascular Complications in Humanized ACE2 Mouse Model
Authors: Heath Stan P. , Hermanns Veronica C. , Coucha Maha , Abdelsaid Mohammed
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 increases the risk for acute ischemic stroke, yet the molecular mechanisms are unclear and remain unresolved medical challenges. We hypothesize that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exacerbates stroke and cerebrovascular complications by increasing coagulation and decreasing fibrinolysis by disrupting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). A thromboembolic model was induced in humanized ACE2 knock-in mice after one week of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein injection. hACE2 mice were treated with Losartan, an angiotensin receptor (AT1R) blocker, immediately after spike protein injection. Cerebral blood flow and infarct size were compared between groups. Vascular-contributes to cognitive impairments and dementia was assessed using a Novel object recognition test. Tissue factor-III and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured using immunoblotting to assess coagulation and fibrinolysis. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) were exposed to hypoxia with/without SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to mimic ischemic conditions and assessed for inflammation, RAAS balance, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein caused an imbalance in the RAAS that increased the inflammatory signal and decreased the RAAS protective arm. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein increased coagulation and decreased fibrinolysis when coincident with ischemic insult, which was accompanied by a decrease in cerebral blood flow, an increase in neuronal death, and a decline in cognitive function. Losartan treatment restored RAAS balance and reduced spike protein-induced effects. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exacerbates inflammation and hypercoagulation, leading to increased neurovascular damage and cognitive dysfunction. However, the AT1R blocker, Losartan, restored the RAAS balance and reduced COVID-19-induced thromboembolic cerebrovascular complications.
Preventing burnout from moral distress amongst prehospital emergency personnel: action research to develop and test organizationally targeted clinical ethics support
Authors: Huniche Lotte , Milling Louise , Wittrock Daniel , Mikkelsen Søren , Bruun Henriette
Published: July 2024

Ethical challenges are integral to health care and are associated with moral distress among health professionals. Moral distress can turn into burnout with a range of negative effects for professionals, patients, relatives, collaborators, and the organisation. Based on action research a focus group study was conducted inclucing prehospital personnel from the emergency services in the Region of Southern Denmark. Results showed that ethical challenges arise in contexts of 1) caring for patients, 2) managing organizational demands, 3) collaborating. Ethical challenges are addressed informally by personnel in emergency vehicles, at ambulance stations, outside working hours, and ocationally involve family or friends with a background in health care. Further, prehospital physicians address ethically sensitive issues during monthly meetings. Voicing ethical challenges presupposes confidence, trust, and safety in relation to colleagues, management, and the organisation. Existing forms of clinical ethics support are ill suited to the prehospital emergency services. Targeted clinical ethics support initiatives are needed to address moral distress, prevent burnout, and build a supportive working environment. Initiatives must be developed collaboratively with personnel and tested bottom-up to identify and eliminate barriers for implementation.
Bone refits and implications for the reconstruction of a late Middle Palaeolithic context: unit A9 of Fumane cave
Authors: Modolo Marta , Delpiano Davide , Martellotta Eva Francesca , Peresani Marco
Published: July 2024

Refitting studies provide valuable data to achieve topics like assemblage formation processes, post-depositional dynamics, settlement patterns, and the definition and integrity of stratigraphic units. The distribution of remains and documented connection lines allow an understanding of space use and, consequently, human behaviour. Although these premises, faunal refits have hitherto been poorly applied in archaeological sites. This paper aims to present an innovative methodology applied for the first time to the Middle Palaeolithic unit A9 (47.6–45.0 Ky Cal BP) of Fumane Cave (Verona, Italy), which includes refits, spatial archaeology, and multivariate statistic techniques. The main goal is to explore the site's anthropogenic use during the occupation of level A9 and validate the degree of synchronicity between hearths and activity areas. The analysed sample includes 2,933 bone fragments.
Towards an AI Tutor for Undergraduate Geotechnical Engineering: A Comparative Study of Evaluating the Efficiency of Large Language Model Application Programming Interfaces
Authors: Tophel Amir , Chen Liuxin , Hettiyadura Umidu , Kodikara Jayantha
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the efficiency of Large Language Model (LLM) Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)—specifically GPT-4 and Llama-3—as AI tutors for undergraduate Geotechnical Engineering education. As educational needs in specialised fields like Geotechnical Engineering become increasingly complex, innovative teaching tools that provide personalised learning experiences are essential. This research evaluates the capabilities of GPT-4’s and Llama-3’s APIs in integrating and applying Geotechnical Engineering formulas, offering accurate problem-solving and explanatory responses, and adapting to varied educational requirements. Using comparative analysis, the study employs a formula integration approach known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with two widely used LLM models, GPT-4 and Llama-3. A set of 20 challenging questions, previously identified as problematic for zero-shot solutions for GPT-4, served as the evaluation basis. The models were assessed on accuracy, formula integration, clarity of explanation, and problem-solving adaptability. Results indicate that GPT-4 and Llama-3 have significant potential as AI tutors in Geotechnical Engineering. GPT-4, utilising RAG, demonstrated superior performance, correctly answering 95% of the questions at a temperature setting of 0.1, 82.5% at 0.5, and 60% at 1. In contrast, Llama-3 correctly answered 25% of the questions in zero-shot tasks and 45% with API by setting a temperature of 0.1. The study underscores the need for advanced formula integration techniques and domain-specific training to enhance the educational utility of LLM APIs. Future research should focus on refining formula integration methods, expanding domain-specific knowledge bases, and assessing long-term learning outcomes. This work contributes to the ongoing dialogue on AI in education, providing insights into deploying LLMs as personalised, effective teaching aids in engineering disciplines.
Photocatalytic degradation of caffeine using biogenic silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: SG Kavitha , Balakrishnan Raj Mohan , Kadam Vrushali Vinayak
Published: July 2024

The present study investigates degradation of caffeine using biogenic Ag@ZnO as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. Zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were utilized as the precursor and dopant in the biogenic synthesis of silver doped zinc oxide (Ag@ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). The reduction in the bandgap energy of ZnO from 3.33 eV to 2.29 eV after Ag doping indicates the synthesis of Ag@ZnO NPs. The effects of catalyst loading (5, 10, 15, 20mg), initial pollutant concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140ppm), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration (1, 3, 5, 7mM), and radiation exposure duration (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 200min) were optimized to improve caffeine degradation efficiency. The highest degradation efficiency was observed at 15 mg/100 ml of catalyst loading at pH 8 with 5 mM H2O2 as an electron acceptor and it follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic process. Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon analysis were conducted to investigate and describe the level of caffeine mineralization.
Mobility Analysis of Space Deployable Truss Considering Joint Clearance and Friction
Authors: Wang Tianwu , Liu Xiang , Cai Guoping , Liu Fucheng , Sun Jun , Zhu Dongfang
Published: July 2024

Truss is an important component in the spacecraft system, its smooth deployment is significant to ensure the normal operation of the spacecraft. The parts in truss are connected by joints and clearance inevitably exists in joints. As the scale of truss structure expands, the number of joints in truss increases, resulting clearance having significant effect on the mobility of the truss, then influencing the operation of spacecraft. Firstly, in this paper, the multi-rigid-body Cartesian method is adopted to establish the deployment dynamics model of truss system with ideal joint. Then we establish contact dynamics model for clearance joint, obtaining normal contact force and tangential friction force by applying Hertz contact theory and Coulomb friction model, respectively. Finally, the effects of clearance, driving force and friction force on the mobility of truss system are analyzed by numerical simulations. The simulation results show that, the reduction of joint clearance and driving force, and the increase of joint friction both decrease the mobility of truss system.
The diversity of factors influencing human digestive microbiota in healthy adults and their interaction: A scoping review
Authors: Pérez-Llano Begoña , Rodríguez Celia Medrano , Fraile Eduardo González
Published: July 2024

Background / objectives
Human digestive microbiota is affected by a wide variety of different factors. The objective of this study was to perform a scoping review that gathers and updates the information available about factors that affect human digestive microbiota in healthy adults. It is also reviewed if other factors are considered and if some type of interaction between them is studied. We searched in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scielo, PROSPERO, and Cochrane databases. Two authors independently reviewed study eligibility and data extraction. Articles were classified based on the main factor studied upon one of the following categories: diet, habits, environment, or chemical exposure.
Results
The literature search provided a total of 73 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The presence of data about the influence of diet, habits, environment, and exposition to chemicals on digestive microbiota were registered. Analysis of the studies indicates that the assessment of risk factors is often focused on a specific aspect (diet, habits, environment, and chemicals) and the study of the interaction between factors is up to now not sufficiently investigated. In addition, there are some situations probably relevant to the human digestive microbiota that are not being assessed (snacking, intermittent fasting, type of sport practiced, living with pets or working with animals, type of transportation daily used, home cleaning habits, treatments with radiotherapy, immune suppressants, corticosteroids).
Conclusions
Little is known about the impact of the combined interaction of possible risk factors (diet, habits, environment, and chemical exposure) of dysbiosis in human digestive microbiota. Further studies are encouraged to evaluate more broadly the interactions between the risk factors that may influence the diversity of the human digestive microbiota. All of them are factors that act together every day on our health.
Game and Reference: Efficient Policy Making for Epidemic Prevention and Control
Authors: Zhiyi Tan , Bingkun Bao
Published: July 2024

Epidemic policy-making, as a special data-mining task, is proposed to predict the proper intensities of certain epidemic prevention and control policies based on the spatial-temporal data related to regional epidemics.Previous studies are currently constrained by two issues: First, existing methods are all strongly supervised by policy effect evaluation, since only a small proportion of factors in real-world policy-making are modeled, policies made by the existing models are then easily become extreme or unreasonable. Second, the subjectivity and the cognitive limitation of humans make historical policies not always optimal for the training of decision models. To this end, we present a novel Policy Combination Synthesis (PCS) model for epidemic policy-making. In particular, to prevent extreme decisions, we introduce adversarial learning between the model-made policies and the real policies to force the output policies to be more human-like. On the other hand, to minimize the impact of sub-optimal historical policies, we employ contrastive learning to let the model draw on experience from the best historical policies under similar scenarios. Both adversarial learning and contrastive learning are adaptive to the comprehensive effects of real policies, therefore ensuring that the model always learns useful information.Extensive experiments on real-world data show that policies made by the proposed model outperform the baseline models on both the epidemic containment effect and the economic impact, thereby proving the effectiveness of our work.
Analysis of Primary Energy Demand Satisfaction from Domestic Sources in Selected European Countries Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Kosowski Piotr , Kosowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the extent to which selected European countries meet their primary energy demand from domestic sources. A k-means clustering analysis was conducted to group these countries based on the degree of demand satisfaction from sollid fossil fuels, natural gas, and oil, using data from the Eurostat database for the years 1990 and 2021. The analysis reveals significant changes in the energy sector over three decades, highlighting a transition from solid fossil fuels to renewable energy sources and an increased dependence on natural gas and oil imports. In 2021, the countries were classified into six distinct clusters, each reflecting unique energy profiles and dependencies. The results underscore the importance of tailored energy policies, investments in renewable energy sources, and strategic planning to enhance energy security and sustainable development within the EU and individual European countries.
Study on Scour Characteristics of a Shallow Foundation Bridge
Authors: Fan Gangping , Li Huanzhe , Wang Tianzhuo , Che Jian , Li Xing , Dou Chunyang , Wu Tong
Published: July 2024

Bridges with shallow foundations are highly susceptible to flood scouring due to their limited embedment depth and small contact area between the soil and foundation. This can lead to foundation voids, posing a serious threat to bridge safety. To prevent and mitigate scouring risks, this paper investigates the riverbed scouring characteristics of shallow foundation bridges under different hydrological conditions.The study found that under high water levels and flow velocities, scour depth significantly increased.Under extreme hydrological conditions, a horseshoe vortex forms at the base of the front end of the bridge pier, causing scour pits on both sides of the upstream face of the foundation, which is the main cause of foundation voids that first appear at 2580 seconds with a maximum scour depth of -2.51 meters and a void area of 0.5%, continuing to increase over time.Based on simulated scouring data, this study proposes a method for converting boundary conditions from a scouring model to a mechanical model. This method utilizes point cloud reverse engineering technology to generate a riverbed surface from the three-dimensional coordinate matrix of the boundary and import it into the structural analysis field. Hydraulic effects are calculated using a CFD model and transferred to the structural domain through fluid-structure interaction technology, achieving multi-physical field coupling among water flow, soil, and structure. This method addresses the current limitations in simulating complex scouring forms in bridge flood damage research, providing reliable technical support for subsequent studies on the damage behavior of shallow foundation bridges under flood scouring conditions.
"What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and Validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in Partnership with Autistic People
Authors: Hechler Friederike Charlotte , Tuomainen Outi , Weber Nathan , Fahr Frank , Karlek Bodie , Maroske Marie , Misia Meike , Caruana Nathan
Published: July 2024

Background: In this study, we revised and validated the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI) – a self-report inventory of autistic traits, in collaboration with autistic people. An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory's accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience.
Methods: Together with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. Based on the revisions, we formulated a series of guidelines for developing personality-style self-report inventories of subclinical traits concerning neurodevelopmental and psychiatric divergences. The CATI-R was then validated across a large sample (n = 1439), comprising autistic (n = 375) and non-autistic participants (n = 1046), following the protocol for the original CATI.
Results: We conceptually replicated the original CATI validation. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure. Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales. Moreover, comparing the CATI-R with two contemporary inventories of autistic traits, we found evidence for the CATI-R's convergent validity and its ability to classify individuals as autistic or not. A measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders. However, in line with current research on gender differences in autism, a repeated measures ANOVA showed subscale-specific gender differences. Accordingly, we identified different thresholds for classifying female, male, and non-binary people. Finally, a logistic regression analysis suggested that the CATI-R predicts autism particularly well in female and non-binary people.
Limitations: Our study presents only initial evidence for the validity of the CATI-R that should be enriched with further analyses and types of data, including, a larger number of non-binary participants.
Conclusions: This project holds significance for both research and clinical practice as it provides a trait inventory that resonates with actual autistic experience and insights for creating inventories that are sensitive, accessible, and non-stigmatising.
ZMAT3 alleviates cell death of Fanconi Anemia deficient cells by modulating sphingolipid metabolism and ferroptosis.
Authors: BLUTEAU Dominique , LOOCK Maeva , LATOUR Emmanuelle , FEDRONIE Carele , TISSANDIER Margot , HERNANDEZ Lucie , LHOMME Marie , PONNAIAH Maharajah , LEFRANCOIS Julie , Maillard Loïc , Quentin Samuel , parietti veronique , BLUTEAU Olivier , Arcangeli Marie-Laure , Lobry Camille , Soulier Jean , Goff Wilfried Le
Published: July 2024

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder marked by bone marrow failure and cancer risk. FA features continuous activation of the p53 pathway, leading to an exacerbated cellular response to stress and DNA damage and significantly altering cellular metabolism. Here, we pointed out for the first time the overexpression of ZMAT3, an RNA-binding protein, in murine FA-deficient hematopoietic cells. To elucidate the functions of ZMAT3 in the context of FA, we employed a two-pronged experimental approach. Initially, hematopoietic stem cells from FA knockout (FA-KO) mice with targeted downregulation of ZMAT3 and a human fibroblast cell line derived from an FA patient. Combining functional and Omics approaches, our study uncovers the critical involvement of ZMAT3 in enhancing the survival of FA-deficient cells by modulating sphingolipid metabolism and ferroptosis. ZMAT3 emerges as a pivotal factor in mitigating hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion during the initial stages of FA.
The Tie-2 antagonist rebastinib reduces ovarian cancer growth in a syngeneic murine model
Authors: Gupta Vijayalaxmi , Roby Katherine F. , Pathak Harsh B. , Godwin Andrew K. , Gunewardena Sumedha , Khabele Dineo
Published: July 2024

Background
The receptor tyrosine kinase TIE2 and its ligands, angiopoietins (ANGPTs), promote angiogenesis. In addition to expression on vascular endothelial cells, TIE2 is expressed on M2-like pro-tumorigenic macrophages. Thus, the TIE2 inhibitor rebastinib was developed as a potential therapy to address multiple cancers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rebastinib alone and combined with chemotherapy in a syngeneic murine model of ovarian cancer.
Methods
Female C57Bl6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with syngeneic ID8 ovarian cancer cells. Once tumors were established, mice were untreated (control) or treated with rebastinib, carboplatin plus paclitaxel (chemotherapy), or rebastinib plus chemotherapy. In one set of experiments, survival was followed for 140 days. In other experiments, ascites were harvested 24 hours after the last treatment and analyzed by flow cytometry. In in-vitro experiments, RNA sequencing was performed on ID8 cells and murine peritoneal macrophage cells (PMJ2R) after treatment with rebastinib, chemotherapy, or rebastinib plus chemotherapy.
Results
Tumor-bearing mice treated with rebastinib plus chemotherapy had longer median survival than mice treated with chemotherapy (132.5 vs. 127 days, P < 0.01). Ascites from mice treated with rebastinib had more CD45 + macrophages (P < 0.03) and cytotoxic T cells (P < 0.0001) than ascites from mice treated with chemotherapy. Rebastinib had no significant effect on the numbers of regulatory T cells, TIE2 + macrophages, or TIE2 + M2 macrophages. In ID8 cells, invitro, rebastinib treatment upregulated 1528 genes and downregulated 3115 genes. In macrophages, in vitro, rebastinib treatment upregulated 2302 genes and downregulated 2970 genes. Rebastinib differentially regulated ANGPT-like proteins in both types of cells, including several ANGPT-like genes involved in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and proliferation. ANGPTL1, an antiangiogenic and anti-apoptotic gene, was increased 10-fold in ID8 cells treated with rebastinib (P < 0.001) but was not altered in macrophages.
Conclusions
Rebastinib plus chemotherapy extends survival in a syngeneic murine model of ovarian cancer. Rebastinib alters immune cells, increases cytotoxic T cells in ascites, and alters gene expression in tumor cells and macrophages.
Physical and Psychological Stressors Increase Breast Tumor Growth but Differentially Alter Tumor Immunity
Authors: Dees Kory J. , Kabir Kayla , Bahani Roxana , Beskow Christopher , Blalock Matthew , Kranzlein Jessica , Pierson Danielle , Rice Shannon , Williams Marietta , Dugger Kari J.
Published: July 2024

Background:Triple-negative breast cancer constitutes approximately 15-20% of breast cancers and continues to be challenging to treat despite significant therapeutic advances. Epidemiological evidence suggests psychological stress correlates with decreased survival rates, while physical activity is presumed to improve survival rates of breast cancer patients. These correlations lead us to inquire whether aerobic exercise could improve cancer outcomes despite the psychological stress associated with a cancer diagnosis. In part, these parallels may be mediated by alterations in the anti-tumor immune responses meditated by neuroendocrine changes experienced during stress, which are believed to affect cancer progression. To address this, we used a syngenetic mouse model of breast cancer to study the impact of stressors.
Objective: This study investigated the effects of psychological stress and/or physical activity on tumor growth and cancer immunity in mice with murine triple-negative breast cancer.
Methods: We used female BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with murine EMT6 breast carcinoma cells. Mice were assigned to treatment groups: moderate aerobic exercise, unpredictable chronic mild stress, a combination of exercise and chronic stress, or no physical/psychological stressor.
Results: Mice were assessed for tumor growth and immunological changes within the primary tumors. Our studies showed both aerobic exercise and chronic mild stress resulted in larger tumors, while non-stressed/non-exercised controls had consistently smaller tumors. We found the smaller tumors exhibited higher presence of T helper and cytotoxic T cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that exercise improves the proliferative and suppressive functions of T helper and T regulatory cells, respectively, whether with or without chronic stress. Interestingly, the anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell function was enhanced in exercised mice, but these functional benefits were not observed when chronic stress was added. Notably, the decreased cytotoxicity results are correlated with increased PD-1 expression.
Conclusions: Neither physical activity nor psychological stress reduced tumor growth once established; instead, they significantly increased tumor progression. Exercise did not appear to mitigate the impact of psychological stress on tumor growth or combat the negative impacts on anti-tumor immunity. However, our findings did suggest different stressors impact key anti-tumor immune cell numbers and functions that will need to be considered when developing treatment plans.
Measurement of intrinsic parameters, calibration of contact parameters, and test verification of wind-eroded soil
Authors: ZHANG Nannan , PEI Chenghui , XUE Fei , SONG Yufei , CUI Shaoyu , LIU Zhigang
Published: July 2024

In response to the problem of lacking an accurate and reliable model of the interaction between desert soil particles and the drilling device during the study. Perform parameter measurement, calibration, and experimental verification on wind-eroded soil in the northwest desert region of China as the research object. Obtain intrinsic information about soil through crushing tests, direct shear tests, etc. Using the soil stacking angle as the response value, the significant factors affecting the stacking angle were obtained through the Plackett-Burman test. The steepest slope test narrowed down the range of significant factors. The Box-Behnken test established a significant factor regression model to seek the optimal combination. Finally, the optimal combination was experimentally validated through a combination of simulation and physical experiments. The relative errors between simulation and physical experiments are 2.9% and 0.4%, respectively, using the opening diameter and effective depth of machines that inject water and drill holes in the desert as measurement standards. This indicates that the measured parameters are accurate and reliable, providing a reference for constructing the interaction mechanism between desert planting machinery and soil.
Novel NiCo2S4 nanorods arrays grown on carbon nanofibers as high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Cai Tongxiang , Yao Zhongran , Chao Guojie
Published: July 2024

Novel NiCo2S4 nanorods arrays are uniformly grown onto carbon nanofibers (NiCo2S4@CNF) through a facile hydrothermal approach. The elaborate designed composite structure ensures that the NiCo2S4 nanorods arrays are uniformly dispersed on the surfaces of carbon nanofibers (CNF) and tightly bonded with each other. The conductive networks of CNF can facilitate the electron transport at the interfaces and ions diffusion to readily react with NiCo2S4, thus leading to increased sodium storage. In view of this, NiCo2S4@CNF reveals a high reversible capacity (683.6 mAh g− 1 at 0.1 A g− 1) and long-term cycle stability (only attenuates 0.07% in each cycle after 400 times). This work provides a simple and efficient strategy for synthesizing high-performance sodium ion battery electrodes.
Changes in microbial and metabolic profiles of mice fed with long-term high salt diet
Authors: Lin Dini , Peng Mengmeng , Gao Xiaotang , Du Hanlin , Lin Zhuofeng , Huang Xianen , Lu Xuemian
Published: July 2024

Purpose: High salt diet (HSD) has been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders. However, less is known about long-term implications of HSD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effects of mice feeding with long-term HSD on gut microbial and metabolic profiles.
Methods: In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed with HSD for 22 weeks, after which fat and gut feces were collected. The composition of fecal microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolic profiling of mice was identified through untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the serum levels of adipocytokines, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin (APN), were measured.
Results: Long-term HSD disrupted the growth performance of mice. Compared to those fed a normal salt diet, mice on a long-term HSD showed slower weight gain, as well as lower fat accumulation and serum levels of APN, while experiencing elevated blood pressure and levels of serum FGF21 and glucose. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed changes in community richness and diversity, with long-term HSD affecting the abundance of certain gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Christensenella, Barnesiella, and Lactococcus. Fecal metabolomic analysis also uncovered alterations in metabolites, such as myriocin, cerulenin, norcholic acid, 7-ketocholesterol, and prostaglandins B2. Further analysis indicated that these gut and microbiota and metabolites are predominantly involved in the lipid metabolism of the organism. Importantly, variations in these gut metabolites and microbiota were significantly correlated with body weight, fat accumulation, and the levels of FGF21 and APN.
Conclusion: Long-term HSD affects physiological traits, alters gut metabolites profiles, and impacts the composition and function of gut microbiota, thus causes a certain impact on lipid metabolism.
The Impact of School Sport Club on Students Violent Inclinations
Authors: Cho Ooksang
Published: July 2024

Background:Various educational attempts have been made recently to reduce violent inclinations in school-age adolescents. This study aimed to investigate changes in students’ inclinations for violence after participating in a sports club program.
Method: Students (n=40) from a middle school located in an urban area of South Korea participated in this study. In the experimental group, researchers enrolled students who had experienced bullying at school and had lower academic records than the average student, and they participated in the 16-week sports club program. In contrast, students in the control group were completely separated from the experimental group and did not participate in the sports club program. Researchers collected data related to changes in participating students’ violence inclinations using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Children's Color Trails Test, Stroop Test, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, ADHD Diagnostic System, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.
Results: Violent inclinations and the psychological-intellectual conditions of the students who participated in the sports club program changed significantly at p=0.01 level; in contrast, the differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the control group students were not significant. Conclusion: Sports clubs have a positive impact on students’ affective abilities regarding changes in their psychological situations.
Relative Navigation for the ‘In-Air Capturing’ of a Winged Reusable Launch Vehicle
Authors: Singh Sunayna , Luyten Briek , Sagliano Marco
Published: July 2024

In the ‘In-Air Capturing’ recovery mode, a winged rocket stage is captured mid-air by an aircraft and towed back to the launch site. A critical aspect of ‘In-Air Capturing’ involves a capturing device released from the towing aircraft, tasked with autonomously navigating to the launcher stage and connecting the vehicles with a tether. This operation demands high-precision close-range navigation techniques for the final docking maneuver. Hence, this paper proposes and studies different navigation solutions for the full-scale ‘In-Air Capturing’ application. A Vision-Based Navigation System (VisNav) is compared against the classical GPS/INS and a combined GPS/INS/VisNav navigation system. Simulations show that the GPS/INS/VisNav has a higher accuracy and provides a more robust navigation solution against model uncertainties and external disturbances.
Influence of atomic configuration on electronic properties of complex transition-metal oxides: Case study of Ruddlesden-Popper oxides La2-xSrxCo1/2Fe1/2O4
Authors: Fazlizhanova Dina , Levchenko Sergey
Published: July 2024

Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) transition-metal oxides belong to a versatile class of functional materials whose electronic properties can be tuned by varying chemical composition in a wide range. However, the relation between chemical composition and electronic properties of multi-metal RP oxides, in particular taking into account different distributions of metal ions in the lattice, has not been investigated systematically so far. In this work, we use density-functional theory (DFT) to explore the compositional dependence of electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of La2-xSrxCo1/2Fe1/2O4 oxide series for x = 0, 1, 2. To account for localized nature of transition-metal d-orbitals, self-consistent DFT+U approach ACBN0 is employed. We show that widely used electronic-structure-based descriptors of oxygen-defect formation energies, oxygen transport, and catalytic activity strongly depend on the distribution of transition metal ions. Nevertheless, the distribution-averaged and ground-state descriptor values for La2-xSrxCo1/2Fe1/2O4are found to depend monotonically on the composition x. In addition, we showed that in complex systems such as multi-metal Ruddlesden-Popper phases, Hubbard U values for the same species vary significantly between crystallographically non-equivalent sites.
RETRACTED: Analysis of ChatGPT-3.5’s Potential in Generating NBME-Standard Pharmacology Questions: What Can Be Improved?
Authors: Saad Marwa , Almasri Wesam , Hye Tanvirul , Roni Monzurul , Mohiyeddini Changiz
Published: July 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Acute Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation - Based Warm-Up on Isokinetic Strength, Endurance and Balance
Authors: YILDIZ Muhammed , ÇEBİ Mehmet
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-based warm-up on isokinetic strength, endurance, and body balance in 50 soccer players. Measurements were taken on four separate days, with participants resting completely between sessions. Isokinetic strength tests for hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension were conducted using an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60o/sec, 180o/sec and 240o/sec. Endurance was assessed with 25 repetitions at 240o/sec by analyzing the change in peak torque values. On the first day, players underwent general warm-up, balance tests, and isokinetic strength measurements. Subsequent sessions included these measurements along with additional testing. Results showed that the PNF-based warm-up significantly improved static and dynamic balance compared to other methods (p<,001). Peak torque values at all angular velocities indicated that the PNF-based warm-up was more effective than other warm-ups. Additionally, PNF-based warm-up had a better acute effect on knee joint isokinetic endurance (p<,05). In conclusion, the PNF-based warm-up significantly enhanced static and dynamic balance, isokinetic strength, and endurance in soccer players. It is recommended to include PNF-based warm-ups in soccer training, especially for the lower extremities, and to consider combining it with active warm-up methods for optimal acute performance benefits.
Advancing Resource Efficiency: Evaluation of Plastic Upcycling Methodologies and Their Applications in Sustainable Flooring Solutions
Authors: F Antony Leo
Published: July 2024

This study explores the development of eco-friendly bricks using recycled plastic waste, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), quartz sand, and bitumen. The research demonstrates the potential for addressing plastic pollution while reducing construction costs. Key findings include: 1) a production cost of 0.092 euros per brick, approximately half that of traditional bricks; 2) enhanced structural integrity with a peak compression strength of 37.5 MPa at 2% bitumen content and a 3:2 plastic-to-sand ratio; 3) improved water resistance and reduced permeability; 4) minimal water absorption (less than 1% after 24 hours); 5) negligible efflorescence, particularly in bricks with higher plastic content; and 6) enhanced heat conduction resistance in plastic-rich bricks. The study highlights the viability of these innovative bricks in various construction applications, including structural frameworks, parking installations, and pathways. This research contributes to sustainable construction practices by offering an economically viable and environmentally responsible alternative to traditional bricks, while simultaneously addressing the global challenge of plastic waste management.
Potential anti-osteoclastic and anti-inflammatory effects of metformin-encapsulated hyaluronic acid-decorated niosome nanoparticles: possible application for effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hatem Shatha Jassim , Al-Tu’ma Fadhil Jawad , Mukheef Maher Abbood
Published: July 2024

Background
Nanodrug delivery systems offer promising solutions to the limitations of conventional treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Among nanoparticles, niosomes are particularly effective due to their stability, ease of preparation, and ability to reduce systemic toxicity. They provide controlled drug release and enhance the solubility and stability of pharmaceutical compounds. Incorporating hyaluronic acid (HA) into niosomes can further enhance their efficacy by targeting specific cells, improving drug delivery, and increasing therapeutic impact. In this study, metformin, a common T2DM medication, was effectively delivered using HA-coated niosomes, to demonstrate the potential of this approach in treating RA patients with T2DM.
Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from blood samples of RA patients, RA patients with T2DM, and healthy individuals. Metformin-loaded niosomal nanoparticles (Nio-met NPs) were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method and modified into Hyalo-Nio-met NPs by adding hyaluronic acid. The drug release pattern of metformin was studied, and these NPs were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Factors like reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-23 (IL-23), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were assessed in both treated and untreated PBMCs.
Results
The synthesized Hyalo-Nio-met NPs exhibited a spherical morphology with sizes of 179 ± 8.5 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.663, and a zeta potential of -9.76 ± 3.4 mV. FT-IR analysis confirmed the effective encapsulation of metformin within the Hyalo-Nio-met NPs. Approximately 68% of the loaded metformin was released from the Hyalo-niosomal NPs after 120 hours. Treatment with Hyalo-Nio-met NPs led to a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and decreased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-23) and inflammation-related genes (NFATc1, RANKL, and COX-2).
Conclusion
Taken together the Hyalo-Nio-met NPs drug delivery system was acceptable in terms of characteristics and effectively delivery of metformin to the vicinity of PBMCs. The treatment demonstrated a notable reduction in inflammatory markers and an enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defenses in the PBMCs from both RA patients and RA patients with T2DM.
BİREYSEL İŞ UYUŞMAZLIKLARINDA ZORUNLU ARABULUCULUK UYGULAMASININ İŞ MAHKEMELERİNE KATKISI
Authors: Beşoluk Erdal , Keten Abdüssamed , Keskin Abdurrahman
Published: July 2024

25 Ekim 2017 tarih ve 30221 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe giren 7036 sayılı Kanun’un 3. maddesinde, iş sözleşmesi ve toplu iş sözleşmesine dayanan işçi alacağı ile işe iade talebiyle açılacak davalarda İş Mahkemelerine başvurmadan önce arabulucuya başvurma zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Böyle bir uygulamaya gidilmesinin temel nedeni iş mahkemelerindeki sürekli artan dava yükünün davaların görülme sürelerini uzatmasıdır. Bu durum hem adaletin zamanında tecelli etmemesine hem de işçilerin hak kayıpları yaşamasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Öte yandan iş uyuşmazlıklarında arabuluculuğun ihtiyari bir yöntemken 7036 sayılı kanun ile zorunlu hale getirilmesi, zorunluluk unsurunun hem anayasal zemine hem de iş hukukunun temel ilkelerine aykırı olup olmadığı tartışmalarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma zorunlu arabuluculuğun 2017’den günümüze kadar uygulamada ne ölçüde başarılı olabildiğini mevcut eleştiriler çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Bu çalışma zorunlu arabuluculuk uygulamasının uygulamada yeterli olmamasına rağmen iş mahkemelerinin dava yükünü kayda değer bir şekilde azalttığını savunmaktadır.
Spiritual Needs of Patients with End-stage Cancer; an Exploratory Description through Nurses’ Lens
Authors: Jafer Daizi , Arif Shireen , Ahmed Farhan , Victor Gideon
Published: July 2024

Background: Cancer diagnosis can lead to an emotional state of distress, hopelessness, and fear which can cause uncertainty. Subsequently, both self-esteem and spiritual belief may be threatened and personal relations are lessened leading to spiritual needs. In oncology, evaluating spiritual needs is essential for fostering a value of life throughout severe illness. For some patients, the most dependable way to manage their illness is through their spirituality.
Objective: To explore the lived experiences of oncology nurses regarding the need for spirituality among patients with end-stage cancer.
Method: This was a qualitative descriptive exploratory study. This includes the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi's Combined Military Hospital (CMH), and Shifa International Hospital. The time frame for the study was April 2021–September 2021. The data was collected through structured questionnaire in-depth interviews. The study's rigor was assessed using trustworthy standards and qualitative thematic analysis approach was employed for data analysis.
Results: A total of 15 nurses participated in the study through purposive sampling from three different oncology facilities. Four themes and 11 categories emerged from the data itself namely; need to address spiritual suffering, need for spiritual coping, and religious path to spirituality, and need for holistic care.
Conclusion: This study deliberates spiritual care needs of patients hospitalized in the oncology department and their experiences of nursing care practices. Oncology patients require a holistic care plan to meet their spiritual needs. Spiritual training of nurse is recommended for their spiritual well-being and spiritual care competencies