bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Email phishing: text classification using natural language processing
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Goyal Anjali , Gigras Yogita
Published: May 2020

Phishing is networked theft in which the main motive of phishers is to steal any person’s private information, its financial details like account number, credit card details, login information, payment mode information by creating and developing a fake page or a fake web site, which look completely authentic and genuine. Nowadays email phishing has become a big threat to all, and is increasing day by day. Moreover detection of phishing emails have been considered an important research issue as phishing emails have been increasing day by day. Various techniques have been introduced and applied to deal with such a big issue. The major objective of this research paper is giving a detailed description on the classification of phishing emails using the natural language processing concepts. NLP (natural language processing) concepts have been applied for the classification of emails, along with that accuracy rate of various classifiers have been calculated. The paper is presented in four sections. An introduction about phishing its types, its history, statistics, life cycle, motivation for phishers and working of email phishing have been discussed in the first section. The second section covers various technologies of phishing- email phishing and also description of evaluation metrics. An overview of the various proposed solutions and work done by researchers in this field in form of literature review has been presented in the third section. The solution approach and the obtained results have been defined in the fourth section giving a detailed description about NLP concepts and working procedure.
Diversity of polypores in Kerala Agricultural University main campus, Vellanikkara, Kerala, India
Authors: M. Kiran  , C.K. Adarsh  , K. Vidyasagaran  , P.N. Ganesh
Published: May 2020

A survey of polypores was conducted from January 2013 to December 2015 in the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) main campus garden lands, botanical gardens, and plantations  visited during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon periods.  A total of 43 polypore species in 28 genera belonging to seven families were recorded during the study.  Their distributions were analyzed by family, rot, and habit.  Polyporaceae dominated with 29 species, followed by Hymenochetaceae with nine, Meruliaceae with five, Ganodermataceae with three, and Meripilaceae & Fomitopsidaceae represented by two species each.  Forty species were white rot polypores and three were brown rotters; annuals and perennials were represented by 28 and 15 species, respectively.  This survey emphasizes the importance of university campuses in biodiversity conservation.
Collecting parasitic Aculeata (Hymenoptera) from rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Daniel J. Alfred , K. Ramaraju
Published: May 2020

Surveys were conducted to explore the parasitic aculeate fauna in rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu in 2015–2016 in three different rice growing zones, viz., the western zone, the Cauvery delta zone and the high rainfall zone.  The study recorded a total of 32 aculeates that represent 12 species under seven families belonging to three super families, viz., Apoidea (Apidae), Chrysidoidea (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, & Dryinidae), and Vespoidea (Mutillidae, Scoliidae, & Thiphiidae).  Alpha and beta diversity were computed for the three zones and the diversity indices (Simpson’s index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s index) revealed the high rainfall zone as the most diverse zone, with the Cauvery delta zone being the least diverse.  On comparing the species similarities using the Jaccard’s index in between the three zones taken in pairs, it was found that 42 per cent similarity existed between the western and Cauvery delta zone and 11 per cent similarity between high rainfall and Cauvery delta zones and 16 per cent similarity between the high rainfall and western zones.
Henry’s Rattan Calamus henryanus Becc. (Arecaceae), a new record to India
Authors: Mehmud Selim , Roy Himu
Published: May 2020

While exploring the Barak valley of Assam, the rattan Calamus henryanus Becc. was collected from Cachar District which was found to be a new record to the Indian flora.  Taxonomic study of the species along with photographs and other relevant information is provided in the present communication.
Life-history traits and courtship behaviour of four poorly known endemic bush frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Rhachophoridae) from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: A.V. Abhijith  , Mukherjee Shomen
Published: May 2020

The Western Ghats have a high level of anuran endemism.  Although there has been an extensive focus on their taxonomy, the ecology of most species are poorly known.  In this note we describe the reproductive life-history traits and breeding behavior of four species of endemic bush frogs, Pseudophilautus wynaadensis, Raorchestes akroparallagi, Raorchestes glandulosus, and Raorchestes ponmudi (Amphibia: Anura: Rachophoridae) from Wayanad region of Western Ghats.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of White Coat Hypertension During Pregnancy
Authors: Johnson Sonia , Liu Becky , Kalafat Erkan , Thilaganathan Basky , Khalil Asma
Published: May 2020

The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate whether white-coat hypertension (WCH) has an adverse effect on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Medline, EMBASE,
www.Clinicaltrials.gov
, and Cochrane Library databases were searched electronically in December 2019. The outcomes were compared between pregnant women with WCH and normotensive controls, women with chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension or any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Women with WCH enrolled below 20 weeks had a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia (pooled risk ratio [RR], 5.43 [95% CI, 2.00–14.71]). Furthermore, women with WCH had increased risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age newborn (RR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.21–5.05],
P
=0.013) and preterm birth (RR, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.44–5.68],
P
=0.002). The risk of preeclampsia (risk ratio, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.23–0.78],
P
=0.005), small-for-gestational-age (RR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.26–0.82],
P
=0.008), preterm birth (RR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.31–0.71],
P
<0.001) were significantly lower with WCH compared with women with gestational hypertension. Women with WCH delivered ≈1 week later compared with women with chronic hypertension (mean difference, 1.06 weeks [95% CI, 0.44–1.67 weeks];
P
<0.001). WCH is associated with a worse perinatal and maternal outcome than normotension, but better outcomes than gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension. Therefore, diagnosis of WCH should be ascertained in pregnant women presenting with hypertension. When the diagnosis is confirmed, these women require monitoring for developing preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth.
Making Room for the Missio Dei in Missiological Research
Authors: Taylor Lynne
Published: May 2020

The phrase missio Dei represents a significant advance in contemporary missiology: recognizing that God’s agency and impulse precedes and lies behind human engagement in mission. While missiological research can help Christians discover how God is at work in the world, in order to become involved in the missio Dei, missiology generally borrows its methodology from the social sciences, which focus on human processes: potentially desacralizing faith and discounting the agency of God. This article explores how critical realism offers an ontological framework within which to explore the missio Dei. It further shows that grounded theory provides a rigorous methodology for areas of study that have previously not sought to discern God’s agency. Finally, the article provides an example of research attentive to the missio Dei: exploring why previously secular (unchurched) Australians are becoming Christians today.
Notes on the Fundamental Unity of Humankind
Authors: van Binsbergen Wim
Published: May 2020

The argument claims the vital importance of the idea of the fundamental unity of humankind for any intercultural philosophy, and succinctly traces the trajectory of this idea – and its denials – in the Western and the African traditions of philosophical and empirical research. The conclusion considers the present-day challenges towards this idea’s implementation – timely as it is, yet apparently impotent in the face of mounting global violence.
Peucedanum pradeepianum (Apiaceae: Apioideae), a new species from Western Ghats, India

Authors: PRABHUKUMAR KONICKAL MAMBETTA , HAREESH VADAKKOOT SANKARAN , PRADEEP RAM , BALACHANDRAN INDIRA
Published: May 2020

A new species, Peucedanum pradeepianum KMP Kumar, Hareesh & Indu sp. nov. from Western Ghats of Kerala, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to P. anamallayense and P. dhana var. dhana, but differs in having deeply serrate leaflets, broadly ovate bract, ovate-lanceolate, acute bracteoles, and 3–4 lateral and 4 commissural vittae.
The identity of Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 (Testudines: Chelidae) reassessed
Authors: SHEA GLENN , THOMSON SCOTT , GEORGES ARTHUR
Published: May 2020

The identity of Chelodina oblonga has been unclear because it has been variously defined to include populations of snake-necked chelid turtle from the southwest of Western Australia, across northern Australia, Cape York and southern New Guinea in its broadest conception, from just the northern part of this range (northern Australia and New Guinea), or restricted to the southwest corner of Western Australia in its narrowest conception. Uncertainty over the identity of the type specimens has added to the confusion. In this paper, we review the historical data on the extent of the type series of Chelodina oblonga, and its potential provenance, and find evidence that resolves some of the inconsistencies in previous literature on the identification of the type. Our analysis casts doubt on the northern Australian provenance of the type material. Hence, we return the name C. oblonga to the south-western species, in accordance with the genetic evidence for the provenance of the type in the Natural History Museum, London, and the external morphology of the type series. We designate a lectotype for the species, and redefine the subgeneric names that apply to the Australasian genus Chelodina, providing a new subgeneric name for one lineage.
Description of the tadpole of Dendropsophus haraldschultzi (Bokermann, 1962) (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on reproductive biology
Authors: MENIN MARCELO , DE ALMEIDA ALEXANDRE PINHEIRO , PEDROSO-SANTOS FILLIPE , SANCHES PATRICK RIBEIRO , COSTA-CAMPOS CARLOS EDUARDO
Published: May 2020

The genus Dendropsophus Fitzinger contains 108 recognized species (Frost 2020) distributed in nine species groups according to Faivovich et al. (2005). However, recent phylogenetic analysis recognized the presence of nonmonophyletic groups (e.g., Wiens et al. 2010; Fouquet et al. 2011; Motta et al. 2012; Jansen et al. 2019) suggesting that the relationships among species of Dendropsophus require careful revision. Species of this genus are distributed in the tropical and subtropical South America, including Trinidad, southward to northern Argentina and Uruguay and northward to Central America and tropical southern Mexico (Duellman et al. 2016; Frost 2020). Dendropsophus haraldschultzi (Bokermann) was described in the area of Santa Rita do Weill, municipality of São Paulo de Olivença, Amazonas State, Brazil. Adult individuals of D. haraldschultzi are small sized frogs (males 18–22 mm and females 22–25 mm; Rodríguez & Duellman 1994) with tuberculate skin on dorsal surfaces, denser on the head. They are found near open ponds and permanent large streams or in floating meadows along the Amazon river (Bokermann 1962; Rodríguez & Duellman 1994; Böning et al. 2017) and have been also found along the Amazon River Valley in the Brazilian states of Pará and Amapá (Missassi et al. 2017), and in Peru and Colombia. Bokermann (1962) and later authors (e.g., Lutz 1973) considered this species without evident taxonomic affinities. Currently, D. haraldschulzi is not assigned to any species group within the genus (Faivovich et al. 2005).
Discovery of a new species of Lacon Laporte (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) endemic to Cyprus, with a modified tarsal morphology
Authors: NÉMETH TAMÁS , BRŮHA PETR , KUNDRATA ROBIN
Published: May 2020

In this study, we describe a new species of the click-beetle genus Lacon Laporte, 1838 from Cyprus, and provide brief data on its ecology. Lacon cyprius sp. nov. is morphologically similar to L. punctatus (Herbst, 1779) but differs from the latter in the body surface and shapes of median antennomeres, pronotum, male tarsi, and genitalia. This is the first known Lacon species with an elongate projection ventrally on the pro- and mesotarsomere III. Additionally, we provide an identification key to Lacon species in Cyprus.
PsyD Programs in Counseling Psychology: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Hage Sally M. , Loughran Mary Jo , Renninger Salina M. , Cyranowski Jill M.
Published: May 2020

This article depicts the unique integration of science and practice found in Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) programs. To dispel myths and provide accurate information about the counseling psychology PsyD degree, survey and interview data from all nine American Psychological Association (APA)–accredited counseling psychology PsyD programs are presented. We argue that embracing PsyD programs within a unified counseling psychology training structure and value system has advantages for the field, including providing a mechanism to foster counseling psychology’s reach and social justice mission. Given the newly-articulated professional competencies of the APA Standards of Accreditation, we also suggest that maintaining counseling psychology training consistency across both Doctor of Philosophy and PsyD programs has the potential to better meet counseling psychologist career trajectories and workforce needs.
Reforming School Discipline: Responses by School District Leadership to Revised State Guidelines for Student Codes of Conduct
Authors: Curran F. Chris , Finch Maida A.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Over the past decade, increasing attention to the negative impacts of exclusionary discipline and disparities therein has led many state educational leaders to enact school discipline reforms. This study examined the response by school district leadership to a state’s revision of guidelines for student codes of conduct. Data: This study leveraged longitudinal data on school district codes of conduct from the 2013–2014 to 2015–2016 school years across the state of Maryland. Codes of conduct were coded in an iterative fashion according to a common set of infraction–response combinations. Research Design: Using a pre–post analytic design, this study examined changes in districts’ codified infractions, responses to infractions, and the overall tier of response. Furthermore, the study compared alignment between state guidelines and district codes of conduct while exploring variation in codified discipline across districts. Findings: Findings suggest that leaders in districts increased the number of response options available for most types of infractions, with the largest increases occurring for more serious infractions. While these increases tended to be driven by increases in the codification of less exclusionary responses, there were nevertheless sizeable increases in the availability of in-school suspension and removal/intervention. In almost all cases, school districts reported distributions of response options that were at a higher tier level than that recommended by the state. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in the context of current efforts to reform school discipline and the implications of such reform for implementation by district and school leadership.
Paths 2 the Future: Evidence for the Efficacy of a Career Development Intervention for Young Women With Disabilities
Authors: Lindstrom Lauren , DeGarmo David , Khurana Atika , Hirano Kara , Leve Leslie
Published: May 2020

Young women with disabilities face unique barriers in the transition from school to adulthood, yet very few studies have examined the effectiveness of gender-specific career interventions. Using an intent-to-treat analysis, this study tested the efficacy of the Paths 2 the Future (P2F) career development curriculum to produce beneficial impacts as compared to business-as-usual career and transition services within a clustered, school-randomized trial. The sample included 366 young women with disabilities enrolled in 26 high schools. Controlling for student and school characteristics, multilevel growth models showed that young women in the P2F intervention schools grew in career development skills at a greater rate relative to those in the control schools. Findings suggest that P2F was effective in promoting individual student differences in career development skills for young women with disabilities and support the need for further research examining effectiveness of gender-specific career interventions in special education.
Conservatives’ Moral Foundations Are More Densely Connected Than Liberals’ Moral Foundations
Authors: Turner-Zwinkels Felicity M. , Johnson Branden B. , Sibley Chris G. , Brandt Mark J.
Published: May 2020

We use network psychometrics to map a subsection of moral belief systems predicted by moral foundations theory (MFT). This approach conceptualizes moral systems as networks, with moral beliefs represented as nodes connected by direct relations. As such, it advances a novel test of MFT’s claim that liberals and conservatives have different systems of foundational moral values, which we test in three large datasets ( NSample1 = 854; NSample2 = 679; NSample3 = 2,572), from two countries (the United States and New Zealand). Results supported our first hypothesis that liberals’ moral systems show more segregation between individualizing and binding foundations than conservatives. Results showed only weak support for our second hypothesis, that this pattern would be more typical of higher educated than less educated liberals/conservatives. Findings support a systems approach to MFT and show the value of modeling moral belief systems as networks.
Reliability of Measuring Insertion Depth in Cochlear Implanted Infants and Children Using Cochlear View Radiography
Authors: Noble Anisha R. , Christianson Erin , Norton Susan J. , Ou Henry C. , Phillips Grace S. , Khalatbari Hedieh , Friedman Seth D. , Horn David L.
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Cochlear implant depth of insertion affects audiologic outcomes and can be measured in adults using plain films obtained in the “cochlear view.” The objective of this study was to assess interrater and intrarater reliability of measuring depth of insertion using cochlear view radiography.

Study Design

Prospective, observational.

Setting

Tertiary referral pediatric hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Patients aged 11 months to 20 years (median, 4 years; interquartile range [IQR], 1‐8 years) undergoing cochlear implantation at our institution were studied over 1 year. Children underwent cochlear view imaging on postoperative day 1. Films were deidentified and 1 image per ear was selected. Two cochlear implant surgeons and 2 radiologists evaluated each image and determined angular depth of insertion. Images were re‐reviewed 6 weeks later by all raters. Inter‐ and intrarater reliability were calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Fifty‐seven ears were imaged from 42 children. Forty‐nine ears (86%) had successful cochlear view x‐rays. Median angular depth of insertion was 381° (minimum, 272°; maximum, 450°; IQR, 360°‐395°) during the first round of measurement. Measurements of the same images reviewed 6 weeks later showed median depth of insertion of 382° (minimum, 272°; maximum, 449°; IQR, 360°‐397°). Interrater and intrarater reliability ICCs ranged between 0.81 and 0.96, indicating excellent reliability.

Conclusions

Postoperative cochlear view radiography is a reliable tool for measurement of cochlear implant depth of insertion in infants and children. Further studies are needed to determine reliability of intraoperatively obtained cochlear view radiographs in this population.
Initial Facial Feminization Surgery Experience in a Multicenter Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Chou David W. , Tejani Nizar , Kleinberger Andrew , Shih Charles
Published: May 2020

Objective

There are few large studies on facial feminization surgery (FFS). We provide the largest comprehensive report to date of an FFS cohort regarding the safety of multilevel surgery, patient‐specific considerations with FFS procedures, and complications of surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Multicenter integrated health care system.

Subjects and Methods

We examined all patients undergoing FFS within our institution from April 2016 to October 2018. Patients over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria underwent any combination of scalp advancement, cranioplasty, brow lift, rhinoplasty, upper lip lift, mandibuloplasty, chondrolaryngoplasty, and/or additional cosmetic procedures. Medical records were reviewed for preoperative characteristics, FFS procedures undergone, and postoperative complications.

Results

In total, 121 patients underwent a total of 594 FFS procedures. Seventy‐five percent of patients had only 1 or no comorbidities, and 90% of patients underwent cranioplasty, scalp advancement, and brow lift. African American patients (n = 5) less commonly underwent cranioplasty compared to those of other ethnicities (white, P <. 001; Asian, P =. 022; Hispanic, P =. 014; multiracial, P =. 006). Asian patients less commonly underwent rhinoplasty than white patients (38% vs 73%, P =. 023). Only 8 (6.6%) patients experienced a significant complication after surgery.

Conclusions

The population undergoing FFS is generally healthy, the upper third of the face is most commonly addressed, there are age and ethnic considerations in FFS, and major complications after multilevel surgery are uncommon.
The Impact of the Pandemic on Otolaryngology Patients With Negative COVID‐19 Status: Commentary and Insights From Orbital Emergencies
Authors: Fastenberg Judd H. , Bottalico Danielle , Kennedy William A. , Sheikh Ahmed , Setzen Michael , Rodgers Rand
Published: May 2020

Efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of COVID‐19 and “flattening the curve” may be affecting clinical care delivery for non‐COVID‐19 cases that include otolaryngologic and orbital conditions. We are witnessing changes in the manner that patients present, as well as modifications in clinical management strategies. An improved understanding of these phenomena and the contributing factors is essential for otolaryngologists to provide sound clinical care during this unprecedented pandemic.
Evaluating the Long-Term Durability of Lime Treatment in Hydraulic Structures: Case Study on the Friant-Kern Canal
Authors: Akula Pavan , Hariharan Narain , Little Dallas N. , Lesueur Didier , Herrier Gontran
Published: May 2020

The slopes along the Friant-Kern Canal were last treated in the 1970s with 4% quick lime to mitigate issues related to slope failure caused by expansive Porterville soils. The immediate benefits of lime treatment were well documented by the Bureau of Reclamation. However, questions remain over the long-term durability of lime-treated materials. In this study, we compare the engineering properties and changes in the soil mineralogy of treated and untreated sections to establish the effectiveness of lime after more than 40 years of performance. A geochemical model was developed using the GEM-Selektor program to simulate the geochemical reactions in the soil-lime system and predict stable pozzolanic products. The experimental results show a reduction in the plasticity index from 23 to 6 after lime treatment together with a tenfold increase in strength. Lime addition lowers the risk of volumetric expansion and erosion in soils from moderately high to very low. Further, a pH increase from 6.30 to 8.90 in lime-treated sections indicates that lime treatment continues to be effective. X-ray fluorescence analysis shows the presence of Ca2+ ions in quantities similar to the initial treatment dosage indicating negligible leaching of lime. The geochemical model provides evidence of the formation of pozzolanic products in the soil-lime system which was validated using thermogravimetry analysis. The performance history of the Friant-Kern Canal together with the findings of this study affirm the long-term durability of lime treatment on this project and strengthens the case for using lime in the repair of hydraulic structures.
Preparation and Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating a High Volume of Fly Ash
Authors: Wu Shuyin , Yang Jun , Yang Ruochong , Zhu Jipeng
Published: May 2020

As a type of fiber-reinforced composite, engineered cementitious composite (ECC) has the characteristics of multi-cracking and strain-hardening. In this study, domestic materials were used to prepare ECC incorporating a high volume of fly ash. The effect of fly ash on the microscopic and macroscopic performance was studied, and the relationship between the microscopic structure and macroscopic performance was also analyzed. The microscopic pore structure was analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) with the aim of improving understanding of the variability in ductility. The results obtained show that mesopores and macropores (pores with a diameter greater than 20 nm) have a great influence on the fracture toughness and strength of the matrix, while micropores (diameter less than 20 nm) had no obvious effect on the fracture toughness and strength of the matrix. The fracture toughness and strength of the matrix are negatively correlated with the total porosity. Microscopic analysis showed that high-volume fly ash is conducive to the ductility of ECC and the macroscopic experiments verify this finding from the microscopic analysis.
Theory of planned behaviour factors and personality traits as determinants of the knowledge-sharing behaviour of pharmacists in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Opesade Adeola O. , Alade Fiyinfoluwa I.
Published: May 2020

While many studies have attempted to understand knowledge-sharing practices in the health-care industry, there is a dearth of knowledge about the determinants of the knowledge-sharing behaviour of pharmacists. The present study employed theory of planned behaviour constructs and personality traits to assess factors affecting the knowledge-sharing behaviour of pharmacists in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with the use of a structured questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out on the collected data. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, openness to experience, agreeableness and knowledge-sharing behaviour. This implies that pharmacists whose personality traits tend towards openness to experience and agreeableness will share their knowledge more readily than those whose personality traits do not. Also, pharmacists’ knowledge-sharing behaviour can be enhanced through improvements in their attitude towards knowledge sharing, subjective norms and their perceived behavioural control.
Detection of pseudorabies virus antibody in swine oral fluid using a serum whole-virus indirect ELISA
Authors: Cheng Ting-Yu , Buckley Alexandra , Van Geelen Albert , Lager Kelly , Henao-Díaz Alexandra , Poonsuk Korakrit , Piñeyro Pablo , Baum David , Ji Ju , Wang Chong , Main Rodger , Zimmerman Jeffrey , Giménez-Lirola Luis
Published: May 2020

We evaluated the detection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibodies in swine oral fluid. Oral fluid and serum samples were obtained from 40 pigs allocated to 4 treatment groups (10 pigs/group): negative control (NC); wild-type PRV inoculation (PRV 3CR Ossabaw; hereafter PRV); PRV vaccination (Ingelvac Aujeszky MLV; Boehringer Ingelheim; hereafter MLV); and PRV vaccination followed by PRV inoculation at 21 d post-vaccination (MLV-PRV). Using a serum PRV whole-virus indirect IgG ELISA (Idexx Laboratories) adapted to the oral fluid matrix, PRV antibody was detected in oral fluid samples from treatment groups PRV, MLV, and MLV-PRV in a pattern similar to serum. Vaccination alone produced a low oral fluid antibody response (groups MLV and MLV-PRV), but a strong anamnestic response was observed following challenge with wild-type virus (group PRV). Analyses of the oral fluid PRV indirect IgG ELISA results showed good binary diagnostic performance (area under ROC curve = 93%) and excellent assay repeatability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 99.3%). The demonstrable presence of PRV antibodies in swine oral fluids suggests the possible use of oral fluids in pseudorabies surveillance.
Sociodemographic Differences in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the United States
Authors: Azagba Sunday , Latham Keely , Shan Lingpeng
Published: May 2020

Background. Socioeconomic disparities in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure exist among nonsmokers. The present study examined the prevalence and socioeconomic disparities of both objective and self-reported measures of SHS exposure in various indoor environments among U.S. nonsmokers. Method. Data were drawn from the 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence of objective measures of SHS (nonsmokers with serum cotinine levels of 0.05–10 ng/mL) and the self-reported SHS exposure status in restaurants, cars, and homes other than their own were examined for the overall population as well as by sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and SHS exposure measures. Results. The prevalence of self-reported SHS exposure in restaurants, cars, and homes other than one’s own decreased significantly between 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. We found higher odds of the objective measure of SHS exposure among non-Hispanic Blacks (a OR 2.07, 95% confidence interval [1.93, 2.81]) and males (a OR 1.12, confidence interval [1.05, 1.18]), while lower odds were found among Mexican Americans, other Hispanics, and those who had family income greater or equal to the poverty level. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, the non-Hispanic Black group had higher odds of SHS exposure in restaurants and homes other than their own. Age was positively associated with self-reported SHS exposure measures but not the objective SHS measure. However, age was negatively associated with SHS measures in the adult sample (aged ≥ 20 years). Conclusions. Findings suggest that although SHS exposure may be decreasing in specific at-risk populations, socioeconomic disparities still exist.
Using Destination Image and Place Attachment to Explore Support for Tourism Development: The Case of Tourism Versus Non-tourism Employees in EILAT
Authors: Stylidis Dimitrios
Published: May 2020

Apart from the economic motive, little attention has been given to factors such as destination image and place attachment in explaining how potential differences in intentional behavior (support for tourism, intention to recommend) develop between tourism employees and non-tourism employees in a community. This study, conducted in the remote resort of Eilat, explores whether these resident groups’ representations of and attachment to their place shape their intentional behavior toward tourism, and tests the explanatory ability of the two factors to account for potential differences in groups’ intentional behavior. Findings suggest that the relationships between: (a) place attachment and destination image, (b) place attachment and intention to recommend, and (c) between destination image and intention to recommend, vary across the two groups. The study contributes to tourism theory by empirically validating the role of image and attachment as antecedent of such differentiation. Additional implications to tourism theory and practice are discussed.
Comparison of real-world treatment outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and phacoemulsification cataract surgery: A retrospective, observational study from an outpatient clinic in France
Authors: Charles Crozafon Philippe , Bouchet Christine , Zignani Monia , Griner Ray , Foster Samuel D , Zou Ming , Dhariwal Mukesh
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

This study compared real-world safety and efficacy outcomes of cataract surgery performed with LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery or manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery procedures.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study used data from anonymised electronic medical records to compare mean cumulative dissipated energy, the proportion of eyes reaching emmetropia, mean change in best-corrected distance visual acuity and the proportion of eyes with post-surgical complications, including corneal oedema and posterior capsule opacification. Results were adjusted for multiple comparisons for primary and secondary objectives.

Results:

Data from 811 phacoemulsification cataract surgery and 496 femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery procedures were analysed. Mean cumulative dissipated energy was significantly lower for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (6.5 percent-seconds) than for phacoemulsification cataract surgery (14.3 percent-seconds; p < 0.0001) procedures. More femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (81.2%) procedures achieved emmetropia (⩽ 0.5 dioptre) than did phacoemulsification cataract surgery (73.5%) procedures, although this difference was not statistically significant. Mean change in best-corrected distance visual acuity and the proportion of eyes with corneal oedema, posterior capsule opacification or other complications were not significantly different between cohorts when adjusted for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions:

In this single-centre, single-surgeon retrospective electronic medical record database study using divide and conquer technique, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery was associated with significantly lower cumulative dissipated energy when compared to manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery. This supports the hypothesis that femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery involves less mechanical trauma, which might lead to more consistent refractive and safety outcomes than manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery, though such outcomes were found to be comparable in this study.
The impact of Crisis Intervention Team Training for police
Authors: Hassell Kimberly D
Published: May 2020

Policing persons with mental illness and/or emotional/behavioral issues is complex and difficult. Police interactions and encounters of this nature are expected to increase due to dwindling budgets and the resulting deficiencies of local mental health systems. Police departments are responding to this growing need by requiring officers to attend Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Training. CIT Training is designed to teach officers about mental illness and effective strategies and techniques for engaging and de-escalating potentially volatile interactions and encounters. This study was conducted in a large, Midwestern, municipal police department. The data were triangulated and included: (a) CIT Training pre- and post-tests administered to officers ( N=323) prior to and upon completion of the required 40-hour CIT Training held during the months of October through December 2016 and February through May 2017; (b) participant observation with police patrol officers in three of the seven police districts ( N=127 hours; April 2017 through May 2017); (c) semi-structured interviews with police patrol officers assigned to three of the seven police districts who had completed the CIT Training ( N=32 patrol officers; intensive interviews were conducted during participant observation); (d) in-person semi-structured interviews with service providers/practitioners who interact with officers in the context of their working roles and responsibilities ( N=27; July 2017 through January 2018); and (e) interviews with Urbantown Police Department (UPD) executive command staff, CIT coordinators and UPD telecommunications personnel ( N=10; September 2017 through January 2018). The assessment finds that the CIT Training administered in a large, municipal police department changed officers’ perceptions, as well as their street-level practices with persons with mental illness and/or emotional/behavioral issues. This assessment also finds that police officers are taking fewer persons into custody for involuntary treatment, and are instead transporting more persons for voluntary treatment.
Does pre-schooling contribute to equity in education? Participation in universal pre-school and fourth-grade academic achievement
Authors: Sierens Sven , Van Avermaet Piet , Van Houtte Mieke , Agirdag Orhan
Published: May 2020

The assumption that (early) attendance of universal pre-school enhances the future academic performance of pupils with lower socio-economic and/or immigrant backgrounds underlies many education policies in Europe. The purpose of this study is to assess this assumption for Flanders – a case characterised by near-general enrolment and a ‘schoolified’ approach to pre-school education. We investigated general and equity benefits of pre-school duration regarding academic outcomes in fourth grade, analysing quantitative data from a survey of 1761 pupils. First, multilevel regression analysis showed that pre-school duration was significantly yet weakly related to standardised test scores in science but not in reading. Second, pre-school duration moderately mitigated the relation between parental socio-economic status (SES) and reading outcomes. Third, the relation between pre-school duration and science/reading achievement did not vary significantly across immigrant and linguistic backgrounds. Altogether, these findings indicate a relationship between pre-school participation and short-term academic achievement that is mixed in terms of cognitive task and pupil backgrounds. The result that attending pre-school seems to counter the disparity in reading outcomes between low-SES and high-SES pupils is consistent with existing evidence.
A Modified Proximal Stent-Graft for Spinal Cord Preconditioning During Staged Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Rinaldi Enrico , Carta Niccolò , Melissano Germano , Chiesa Roberto , Bertoglio Luca
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To describe a new custom-made thoracic device able to seal against the aortic wall and occlude intercostal arteries for spinal cord preconditioning during the first thoracic stage of a thoracoabdominal endovascular repair. Technique: The custom-made device, based on the Zenith Alpha stent-graft, combines different features from 2 previously described devices: the outer part is designed with a bell-bottom configuration similar to the “Embo” stent-graft, while the inner part mimics the “2 in 1” design. The outer stent-graft is designed to span the entire length of the thoracic aorta and cover as many intercostal arteries as possible during the first stage to effectively precondition the spinal cord. The sutured inner component is customizable in diameter and 20 to 40 mm shorter than the outer stent-graft. The technique has been used in 5 patients. Conclusion: The use of this new custom-made thoracic stent-graft might represent an additional tool for effectively preconditioning the spinal cord during fenestrated and branched staged procedures whenever a proximal thoracic proximal component is needed.
Chronic Pain in HIV
Authors: Addis Dylan R , DeBerry Jennifer J , Aggarwal Saurabh
Published: May 2020

The evolution of therapeutics for and management of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has shifted it from predominately manifesting as a severe, acute disease with high mortality to a chronic, controlled infection with a near typical life expectancy. However, despite extensive use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of chronic widespread pain in people with HIV remains high even in those with a low viral load and high CD4 count. Chronic widespread pain is a common comorbidity of HIV infection and is associated with decreased quality of life and a high rate of disability. Chronic pain in people with HIV is multifactorial and influenced by HIV-induced peripheral neuropathy, drug-induced peripheral neuropathy, and chronic inflammation. The specific mechanisms underlying these three broad categories that contribute to chronic widespread pain are not well understood, hindering the development and application of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to mitigate chronic widespread pain. The consequent insufficiencies in clinical approaches to alleviation of chronic pain in people with HIV contribute to an overreliance on opioids and alarming rise in active addiction and overdose. This article reviews the current understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic widespread pain in people with HIV and identifies potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to mitigate it.
Liver injury in COVID‐19: The current evidence
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A , Schattenberg Jörn M
Published: May 2020

Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experience various degrees of liver function abnormalities. Liver injury requires extensive work‐up and continuous surveillance and can be multifactorial and heterogeneous in nature. In the context of COVID‐19, clinicians will have to determine whether liver injury is related to an underlying liver disease, drugs used for the treatment of COVID‐19, direct effect of the virus, or a complicated disease course. Recent studies proposed several theories on potential mechanisms of liver injury in these patients. This review summarizes current evidence related to hepatobiliary complications in COVID‐19, provides an overview of the available case series and critically elucidates the proposed mechanisms and provides recommendations for clinicians.
Aneurysmal Dilatation of Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Artery in Association With ACTA2 Mutation
Authors: Ardhanari Mohanageetha , Colin Andrew , Tekin Mustafa , Infante Juan C. , Swaminathan Sethuraman
Published: May 2020

Actin α2 (ACTA2) is a protein crucial for proper functioning of contractile apparatus in smooth muscles. A specific mutation resulting in substitution of arginine at position 179 by histidine (p.R179 H) in ACTA2 has been shown to be associated with multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. Characteristic features include aneurysmal arterial disease. Due to rarity of this disease, we report a nine-year-old girl with this rare genetic variant in whom cardiovascular manifestations were identified in fetal life and who needed neonatal cardiac surgical intervention.
Registries and collaborative studies for primary ciliary dyskinesia in Europe
Authors: Ardura-Garcia Cristina , Goutaki Myrofora , Carr Siobhán B. , Crowley Suzanne , Halbeisen Florian S. , Nielsen Kim G. , Pennekamp Petra , Raidt Johanna , Thouvenin Guillaume , Yiallouros Panayiotis K. , Omran Heymut , Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: May 2020

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease characterised by malfunctioning cilia leading to a heterogeneous clinical phenotype with many organ systems affected. There is a lack of data on clinical presentation, prognosis and effectiveness of treatments, making it mandatory to improve the scientific evidence base.

This article reviews the data resources that are available in Europe for clinical and epidemiological research in PCD, namely established national PCD registries and national cohort studies, plus two large collaborative efforts (the international PCD (iPCD) Cohort and the International PCD Registry), and discusses their strengths, limitations and perspectives.

Denmark, Cyprus, Norway and Switzerland have national population-based registries, while England and France conduct multicentre cohort studies. Based on the data contained in these registries, the prevalence of diagnosed PCD is 3–7 per 100 000 in children and 0.2–6 per 100 000 in adults. All registries, together with other studies from Europe and beyond, contribute to the iPCD Cohort, a collaborative study including data from over 4000 PCD patients, and to the International PCD Registry, which is part of the ERN (European Reference Network)-LUNG network.

This rich resource of readily available, standardised and contemporaneous data will allow obtaining fast answers to emerging clinical and research questions in PCD.
Translation method is validity evidence for construct equivalence: analysis of secondary data routinely collected during translations of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)
Authors: Hawkins Melanie , Cheng Christina , Elsworth Gerald R. , Osborne Richard H.
Published: May 2020

Background

Cross-cultural research with patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) assumes that the PROM in the target language will measure the same construct in the same way as the PROM in the source language. Yet translation methods are rarely used to qualitatively maximise construct equivalence or to describe the intents of each item to support common understanding within translation teams. This study aimed to systematically investigate the utility of the Translation Integrity Procedure (TIP), in particular the use of item intent descriptions, to maximise construct equivalence during the translation process, and to demonstrate how documented data from the TIP contributes evidence to a validity argument for construct equivalence between translated and source language PROMs.

Methods

Analysis of secondary data was conducted on routinely collected data in TIP Management Grids of translations (n = 9) of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) that took place between August 2014 and August 2015: Arabic, Czech, French (Canada), French (France), Hindi, Indonesian, Slovak, Somali and Spanish (Argentina). Two researchers initially independently deductively coded the data to nine common types of translation errors. Round two of coding included an identified 10th code. Coded data were compared for discrepancies, and checked when needed with a third researcher for final code allocation.

Results

Across the nine translations, 259 changes were made to provisional forward translations and were coded into 10 types of errors. Most frequently coded errors were Complex word or phrase (n = 99), Semantic (n = 54) and Grammar (n = 27). Errors coded least frequently were Cultural errors (n = 7) and Printed errors (n = 5).

Conclusions

To advance PROM validation practice, this study investigated a documented translation method that includes the careful specification of descriptions of item intents. Assumptions that translated PROMs have construct equivalence between linguistic contexts can be incorrect due to errors in translation. Of particular concern was the use of high level complex words by translators, which, if undetected, could cause flawed interpretation of data from people with low literacy. Item intent descriptions can support translations to maximise construct equivalence, and documented translation data can contribute evidence to justify score interpretation and use of translated PROMS in new linguistic contexts.