bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared Image Generation Based on Visual State Space and Contrastive Learning
Authors: Li Bing , Ma Decao , He Fang , Zhang Zhili , Zhang Daqiao , Li Shaopeng
Published: October 2024

The preparation of infrared reference images is of great significance for improving the accuracy and precision of infrared imaging guidance. However, collecting infrared data on-site is difficult and time-consuming. Fortunately, the infrared images can be obtained from the corresponding visible-light images to enrich the infrared data. To this end, this present work proposes an image translation algorithm that converts visible-light images to infrared images. This algorithm, named V2IGAN, is founded on the visual state space attention module and multi-scale feature contrastive learning loss. Firstly, we introduce a visual state space attention module designed to sharpen the generative network’s focus on critical regions within visible-light images. This enhancement not only improves feature extraction but also bolsters the generator’s capacity to accurately model features, ultimately enhancing the quality of generated images. Furthermore, the method incorporates a multi-scale feature contrastive learning loss function, which serves to bolster the robustness of the model and refine the detail of the generated images. Experimental results show that the V2IGAN method outperforms existing typical infrared image generation techniques in both subjective visual assessments and objective metric evaluations. This suggests that the V2IGAN method is adept at enhancing the feature representation in images, refining the details of the generated infrared images, and yielding reliable, high-quality results.
Experimental Analysis of Terahertz Wave Scattering Characteristics of Simulated Lunar Regolith Surface
Authors: Wang Suyun , Hiramatsu Kazuma
Published: October 2024

This study investigates terahertz (THz) wave scattering from a simulated lunar regolith surface, with a focus on the Brewster feature, backscattering, and bistatic scattering within the 325 to 500 GHz range. We employed a generalized power-law spectrum to characterize surface roughness and fabricated Gaussian correlated surfaces from Durable Resin V2 using 3D printing technology. The complex dielectric permittivity of these materials was determined through THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Our experimental setup comprised a vector network analyzer (VNA) equipped with dual waveguide frequency extenders for the WR-2.2 band, transmitter and receiver modules, polarizing components, and a scattering chamber. We systematically analyzed the effects of root-mean-square (RMS) height, correlation length, dielectric constant, frequency, polarization, and observation angle on THz scattering. The findings highlight the significant impact of surface roughness on the Brewster angle shift, backscattering, and bistatic scattering. These insights are crucial for refining theoretical models and developing algorithms to retrieve physical parameters for lunar and other celestial explorations.
Heavy Metal Removal from Water Using Graphene Oxide in Magnetic-Assisted Adsorption Systems: Characterization, Adsorption Properties, and Modelling
Authors: Melchor-Durán A. P. , Moreno-Virgen M. R. , Bonilla-Petriciolet A. , Reynel-Ávila H. E. , Lucio Ortiz E. , González-Vázquez O. F.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the adsorption properties of graphene oxide in a magnetic-assisted adsorber for the depollution of water containing heavy metals. Two samples of graphene oxide with different surface chemistry were synthetized and assessed using the magnetic-assisted adsorption systems. One graphene oxide sample exhibited a dual magnetic behavior presenting both diamagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, while the other graphene oxide was diamagnetic. The adsorption properties of these graphene oxide samples for removing Pb2+ and Cu2+ were tested and compared with and without a magnetic field exposure. The results showed that the Pb2+ removal increased using both graphene oxide samples in the magnetic-assisted configuration, while Cu2+ adsorption was less sensitive to the application of the magnetic field. A monolayer model was used to simulate all the heavy metal adsorption isotherms quantified experimentally. It was concluded that the adsorption mechanism designed to remove Pb2+ and Cu2+ using tested graphene oxide samples was mainly multi-ionic where two metallic cations could interact with one active site (i.e., oxygenated functional groups) from the adsorbent surface. The oxygenated surface functionalities of graphene oxide samples played a relevant role in determining the impact of magnetic field exposure on the heavy metal removal efficacy. Magnetic-assisted adsorption using graphene oxide is an interesting alternative to reduce the concentration of Pb2+ in polluted effluents, and it can also be applied to improve the performance of adsorbents with a limited concentration of oxygenated functional groups, which usually show poor removal of challenging water pollutants such as toxic heavy metals.
Dating Applications versus Meeting Face-to-Face: What Is Better for Romantic Relationship Quality?
Authors: Langlais Mickey , Toohey Lyra , Podberesky Arielle
Published: October 2024

The use of dating applications has increased over time, as recent data illustrate that meeting online is one of the most popular ways for couples to meet in the United States. Yet, the perceptions of using dating applications and how the applications were developed may hinder the quality of relationships that form using dating applications. The goal of this study is to examine the difference in relationship quality based on whether a relationship is initiated in person or using a dating application. Data for this study come from 233 college students who completed an online survey. Of the coupled participants (n = 120), 34 met their current partner through a dating application, and of the participants who had previous dating experience (n = 169), 29 met their last partner on a dating application. Conducting independent-samples t-tests, the means of relationship quality were not significantly different for those who met their current or former partner online compared to in person. Although previously stigmatized, the results of this study illustrate that forming relationships on dating applications may be similar in quality to those that are formed in person.
Communicating Social Cohesion in Forced Displacement: A Framework for Protracted Situations of Encampment
Authors: Baú Valentina
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the role that communication and media interventions can play in fostering social cohesion among displaced populations in camp settings through a review of both practical and theoretical notions in this area. The multiple definitions available in the literature on social cohesion do not come to a consensus on what this concept means. Yet, despite this lack of substance, reflecting on social cohesion in contexts of displacement has been a prevalent topic. Horizontal social cohesion, which is critical in protracted situations of encampment, is defined by UNHCR as the bond that ‘hold(s) people together within a community’. While a number of studies have focused on the social connection between host and displaced people, scarce attention has been paid to the dynamics and social fractures among displaced communities themselves. Yet, tensions both within and between groups of displaced people may be equally, if not more important to social cohesion than relationships with other groups. In order to begin to address this gap, a communication-based framework for humanitarian and development work on social cohesion in refugee camps is presented. Ultimately, the aim of this article is to offer a starting point for humanitarian agencies working in refugee camps to articulate the adoption of a communication-driven approach in their social cohesion programming.
A New Fractional Curvature of Curves and Surfaces in Euclidean Space Using the Caputo’s Fractional Derivative
Authors: Rubio-López Franco , Rubio Obidio , León Ronald , Rodriguez Alexis , Chucchucan Daniel
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the authors generalize the fractional curvature of plane curves introduced by Rubio et al. in 2023, to regular curves in the Euclidean space R3, and study the geometric properties of the curve using Caputo’s fractional derivative. Furthermore, we introduce a new definition of fractional curvature and fractional mean curvature of a regular surface, using fractional principal curvatures; and prove that such concepts are invariant under isometries; i.e., they belong to the intrinsic geometry of the regular surface. Also, a geometric interpretation is given to Caputo’s fractional derivative of algebraic polynomials.
Study of Unsymmetrical Magnetic Pulling Force and Magnetic Moment in 1000 MW Hydrogenerator Based on Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiwen , Huang Xingxing , Wang Zhengwei
Published: October 2024

The large dimensions of the 1000 MW hydroelectric generator sets require high mounting accuracy. Small deviations can lead to asymmetry, which in turn triggers unbalanced magnetic pulls and moments. Therefore, symmetry is a central challenge in the installation and operation of giant hydroelectric generators. In this paper, the effects of radial eccentricity, axial offset, and rotor shaft deflection on the unbalanced magnetic pull and moment are investigated by transient finite element analysis of the asymmetric magnetic field. The results of the time-domain and frequency-domain analyses show that asymmetric operation generates unbalanced magnetic forces and moments. These forces and moments increase linearly with increasing offset or deflection rate. When the eccentricity meets the installation criteria, the unbalanced magnetic pull forces are small and within acceptable limits. This study helps to understand the relationship between asymmetry and unbalanced magnetic pulling forces in large hydroelectric generators, and provides a theoretical basis for standardizing installation deviation control.
Analyzing the Chiral Purity of Pharmaceuticals: The Application of Cyclodextrin-Based Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hancu Gabriel , Modroiu Adriana , Stroia Denisa Gabriela , Uilăcan Alexandra
Published: October 2024

The current review provides a focused analysis of the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques to determine the chiral purity of pharmaceuticals, with a specific emphasis on cyclodextrin- (CD) based chiral selectors (CSs), highlighting advancements, methodologies, and trends in this area as reported in studies published from 2010 to 2024. The review emphasizes CE’s evolution as a critical tool in this field, discussing its advantages, such as high efficiency, flexibility, relatively low costs, and minimal environmental impact, which make it well-suited for modern pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, it underscores the importance of CE in meeting stringent regulatory requirements for chiral drug substances. A significant shift in method optimization has occurred in the last ten years, shifting from the traditional One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) strategy to the Design-of-Experiments (DoE) approach; this shift has enabled more systematic and robust method development. Furthermore, a common trend in recent years is the application of Quality-by-Design (QbD) principles in method development and optimization, ensuring higher reliability and efficiency. Additionally, there is an increasing focus on developing CE methods capable of detecting both achiral and chiral impurities simultaneously, which enhances the comprehensiveness of the analysis. This review seeks to guide future research and development in optimizing CE methodologies for pharmaceutical applications.
An Integrated Smart Manufacturing System for Customer Design Experience
Authors: Hsieh Ying-Jiun , Huang Wan-Ju , Lan Li-Hung
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the development of an integrated smart manufacturing system (ISMS) that centers on custom design experiences, utilizing virtual reality (VR) and cloud integration to enhance operational value. Through a Design for Excellence (DFX) approach, this system aims to seamlessly incorporate customer-specific designs into the manufacturing process, thus aligning closely with consumer needs. The research contributes significantly by (1) implementing a customer-focused design system that enhances sales benefits, (2) enabling a smooth transition from design drawings to automated production, thereby increasing manufacturing efficiency, and (3) establishing a digital transformation framework that integrates design, production, and marketing to boost overall business value.
Comprehensive Tuberculosis Screening and Treatment at a Prison in Central Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Aurelia  , Kamaludin  , Muslimin Cahya , Balik Yetty , Lestari Trisasi , Hafidz Firdaus , Dewi Christa , Lowbridge Christopher , Probandari Ari
Published: October 2024

Incarcerated people have been reported to have higher rates of tuberculosis (TB) than the general population. However, TB is rarely reported among incarcerated people in correctional facilities in Mimika District, in Central Papua Province of Indonesia. This study aims to describe the outcomes of comprehensive screening and treatment of TB disease and latent TB infection (LTBI) within a prison in Mimika. In response to a newly reported case of TB within a prison, a facility-wide comprehensive screening and treatment program was carried out for both TB disease and LTBI between September 2021 and June 2022. We evaluated the outcomes of the screening intervention, including the number of people found to have TB and LTBI and the number and proportion of people who started and completed TB-preventive treatment at the facility. A total of 403 incarcerated people and facility staff participated in the comprehensive screening program. Ten participants were found to have TB disease, all of whom commenced treatment. LTBI was detected in 256 (64%) participants, 251 (98%) of whom completed TB-preventive treatment. Comprehensive screening revealed a high prevalence of TB disease and LTBI in this prison. Completion of treatment for TB disease and latent TB infection was high. These outcomes suggest a role for routine search–treat–prevent strategies for TB in this setting.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Blocks IFN-β Production through the Viral UL24 N-Terminal Domain-Mediated Inhibition of IRF-3 Phosphorylation
Authors: Zhang Binman , Li Yuncheng , Yang Ping , He Siyu , Li Weilin , Li Miaomiao , Hu Qinxue , Zhang Mudan
Published: October 2024

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted virus, the cause of genital herpes, and its infection can increase the risk of HIV-1 infection. After initial infection, HSV-2 can establish lifelong latency within the nervous system, which is likely associated with the virus-mediated immune evasion. In this study, we found that HSV-2 UL24 significantly inhibited the activation of the IFN-β promoter and the production of IFN-β at both mRNA and protein levels. Of importance, the inhibitory effect of HSV-2 on IFN-β production was significantly impaired in the context of HSV-2 infection when UL24 was knocked down. Additional studies revealed that, although the full-length HSV-2 UL24 affected cell cycle and viability to some extent, its N-terminal 1–202AA domain showed no obvious cytotoxicity while its C-terminal 201–281 AA domain had a minimal impact on cell viability. Further studies showed that the N-terminal 1–202 AA domain of HSV-2 UL24 (HSV-2 UL24-N) was the main functional region responsible for the inhibition of IFN-β production mediated by HSV-2 UL24. This domain significantly suppressed the activity of RIG-IN, MAVS, TBK-1, IKK-ε, or the IRF-3/5D-activated IFN-β promoter. Mechanistically, HSV-2 UL24-N suppressed IRF-3 phosphorylation, resulting in the inhibition of IFN-β production. The findings of this study highlight the significance of HSV-2 UL24 in inhibiting IFN-β production, revealing two potential roles of UL24 during HSV-2 infection: facilitating immune evasion and inducing cell cycle arrest.
Utility of ISARIC 4C Mortality Score, Vaccination History, and Anti-S Antibody Titre in Predicting Risk of Severe COVID-19
Authors: Koh Lin Pin , Chia Travis Ren Teen , Wang Samuel Sherng Young , Chavatte Jean-Marc , Hawkins Robert , Ting Yonghan , Sim Jordan Zheng Ting , Chen Wen Xiang , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Tan Cher Heng , Lye David Chien , Young Barnaby E.
Published: October 2024

The ISARIC 4C Mortality score was developed to predict mortality risk among patients with COVID-19. Its performance among vaccinated individuals is understudied. This is a retrospective study of all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, from January-2020 to December-2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted, and multiple logistic regression (MLR) models were developed to predict the relationship between ISARIC score, vaccination status, anti-S antibody titre, and severe COVID-19. A total of 6377 patients were identified, of which 5329 met the study eligibility criteria. The median age of the patients was 47 years (IQR 35–71), 1264 (23.7%) were female, and 1239 (25.7%) were vaccinated. Severe disease occurred in 499 (9.4%) patients, including 133 (2.5%) deaths. After stratification, 3.0% of patients with low (0–4), 17.8% of patients with moderate (5–9), and 36.2% of patients with high (≥10) ISARIC scores developed severe COVID-19. Vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of progression to severe COVID-19 in the MLR model: aOR 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86–0.90), and the risk of severe COVID-19 decreased inversely to anti-S antibody titres. The anti-S antibody titre should be further investigated as an adjunct to the ISARIC score to triage COVID-19 patients for hospital admission and antiviral therapy.
Effect of EV71 Vaccination on Transmission Dynamics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Its Epidemic Prevention Threshold
Authors: Zheng Dashan , Shen Lingzhi , Wen Wanqi , Zhuang Zitong , Qian Samantha E. , Ling Feng , Miao Ziping , Li Rui , McMillin Stephen Edward , Bass Sabel , Sun Jimin , Lin Hualiang , Liu Kun
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the effect of Enterovirus A71 (EV71) vaccination on the transmissibility of different enterovirus serotypes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Zhejiang, China. Methods: Daily surveillance data of HFMD and EV71 vaccination from August 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Epidemic periods for each HFMD type were defined, and the time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt) was estimated, which could provide more direct evidence of disease epidemics than case number. General additive models (GAMs) were employed to analyze associations between EV71 vaccination quantity and rate and HFMD transmissibility. The epidemic prevention threshold, represented by required vaccination numbers and rates, was also estimated. Results: Vaccinating every 100,000 children ≤ 5 years could lead to a decrease in the Rt of EV71-associated HFMD by 14.44% (95%CI: 6.76%, 21.42%). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between vaccinations among children ≤ 5 years old (per 100,000) and the increased transmissibility of other HFMD types (caused by enteroviruses other than EV71 and CA16) at 1.82% (95%CI: 0.80%, 2.84%). It was estimated that an additional 362,381 vaccinations, corresponding to increased vaccine coverage to 54.51% among children ≤ 5 years could effectively prevent EV71 epidemics in Zhejiang. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of enhancing EV71 vaccine coverage for controlling the epidemic of EV71-HFMD and assisting government officials in developing strategies to prevent HFMD.
Balance Assessment on a Modified Posturomed Platform in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Wolszky Viola , Zablotski Yury , Fischer Andrea , Lauer Susanne
Published: October 2024

Reliable, standardized balance tests for dogs are not available yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of static and dynamic posturography in healthy dogs. Healthy dogs (n = 20) were positioned with four paws longitudinally and with the forepaws only transversely on a modified pressure-sensitive balance platform (Posturomed-FDM-JS, Zebris, Isny, Germany). Three static and dynamic posturographic trials were recorded (recording duration: 20 s) and repeated after 7–14 days. Center of pressure (COP) parameters COP-path-length (PL; mm), 95% COP-confidence-ellipse-area (CEA; mm2), and COP-average-velocity (AV; mm/s) were calculated for the first steady-state 5 s intervals of each trial. The reliability of COP parameters was assessed with robust linear mixed effects models with nested random effects of patient and trial. The training effect was analyzed using Cohen’s d. For static posturography, PL, CEA, and AV did not differ significantly between time points; CEA had the highest reliability (p = 0.92). For dynamic posturography, AV and PL differed significantly between time points (AV: p ≤ 0.043; PL: p ≤ 0.045). Slight training effects were observed for transverse positioning (Cohen’s d: PL 0.65; AV 0.267) and moderate training effects for longitudinal positioning (Cohen’s d: PL: 0.772; AV: 0.783). This study showed that static posturography on a modified Posturomed-balance platform was reliable in healthy dogs but indicated training effects during dynamic posturography.
Rabies Vaccination for Sheep and Goats: Influence of Booster on Persistence of Antibody Response
Authors: Weyl Feinstein Sarah , Novak Shiri , Eyngor Marina , Lavon Yaniv , Yakobson Boris
Published: October 2024

Infrequent rabies cases occur in Israel, endangering humans and animals. While dogs receive mandatory vaccinations, farm animals are vaccinated voluntarily. However, optimal vaccination protocol for small ruminants is lacking. The aim of this study was to test the immunological responses to the rabies vaccine, with or without a booster, in sheep and goats; 70 ewes and 49 does participated in the trial. Following the first vaccine, 88% of the ewes and 100% of the does had a sufficient level of rabies antibodies (>0.5 IU/mL) 30 days post-vaccination. A year later, 82% of the ewes that had received a booster dose remained protected, whereas 46% of the non-boosted ewes had a sufficient antibody level. For does, 83% of those receiving a booster maintained sufficient antibody levels 1 year later; 80% of the non-boosted does remained protected, demonstrating no significant contribution of the booster dose in this group of goats. However, while the initial immunological response of the does was higher, the change in response between 1 month and 12 months post-vaccination differed significantly between species, with a greater titer reduction in the does. Differential immunological responses between individuals and between species warrant longer-term studies to recommend a proper vaccine protocol for each species.
Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Erosion in Loess Hilly Area of Western Henan Based on Sampling Approach
Authors: Gu Zhijia , Ji Keke , Yi Qiang , Cao Shaomin , Li Panying , Feng Detai
Published: October 2024

The terrain in the loess hilly area of western Henan is fragmented, with steep slopes and weak soil erosion resistance. The substantial soil erosion in this region results in plenty of problems, including decreased soil productivity and ecological degradation. These problems significantly hinder the social and economic development in the region. Soil conservation planning and ecological development require accurate soil erosion surveys. However, the studies of spatio-temporal patterns, evolution, and the driving force of soil erosion in this region are insufficient. Therefore, based on a multi-stage, unequal probability, systematic area sampling method and field investigation, the soil erosion of the loess hilly area of western Henan was quantitatively evaluated by the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) in 2022. The impact forces of soil erosion were analyzed by means of a geographic detector and multiple linear regression analysis, and the key driving factors of the spatio-temporal evolution of soil erosion in this region were revealed. The results were as follows. (1) The average soil erosion rate of the loess hilly area in western Henan in 2022 was 5.94 t⋅ha−1⋅a−1, with a percentage of soil erosion area of 29.10%. (2) High soil erosion rates mainly appeared in the west of Shangjie, Xingyang, and Jiyuan, which are related to the development of production and construction projects in these areas. The areas with a high percentage of soil erosion area were in the north (Xinan and Yima), west (Lushi), and southeast (Songxian and Ruyang) of the study area. Moreover, areas with the most erosion were found in forest land, cultivated land, and areas with a slope above 25°. (3) At the landscape level, the number and density of patches of all land types, except orchard land, increased significantly, and the boundary perimeter, landscape pattern segmentation, and degree of fragmentation increased. (4) The geographical detector and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the driving forces of soil erosion are mainly topographic and climatic (slope length, elevation, precipitation, and temperature). Soil erosion was significantly influenced by the density of landscape patches. These maps and factors influencing soil erosion can serve as valuable sources of information for regional soil conservation plans and ecological environment improvements.
Activity Concentration of Natural Radionuclides in Surface Sediments of Major River Watersheds in Korea and Assessment of Radiological Hazards
Authors: Kang Tae-Woo , An Mijeong , Han Young-Un , Yang Hae Jong , Kang Taegu , Jung Soojung , Lee Won-Seok , Park Won-Pyo
Published: October 2024

The assessment of potential radiation hazards in accumulated sediments in aquatic ecosystems is vital for the management and disposal of sediments. Furthermore, preemptive management of radionuclides in terrestrial ecosystems is critical for marine ecosystem conservation. We analyzed the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra,232Th, 238U, and 40K) in the surface sediments of major river watersheds in Korea and evaluated the radiation hazards stemming from these activity concentrations. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra and 238U were lower than the global average, whereas those of 232Th and 40K were higher. The mean values of radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, and internal hazard index calculated from these activity concentrations did not exceed the recommended maximum values. The mean values of absorbed gamma dose rate in air and annual outdoor effective dose rate (AEDRout) were higher than the global average by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) but remarkably lower than the recommended and background values by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS). The contribution of 40K and 232Th to the AEDRout mean value was predominant. In conclusion, the surface sediments of major river watersheds in Korea are associated with negligible radiation hazards. These findings provide fundamental data for the management and treatment of sediments in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
A Kinetic Study on Chronic Response of Activated Sludge to Diclofenac by Respirometry
Authors: Civelek Yoruklu Hulya , Topuz Emel , Aydin Egemen , Cokgor Emine , Zengin Gulsum Emel
Published: October 2024

The present study investigated the chronic response of activated sludge to the emerging pollutant diclofenac as well as its aerobic biodegradation potential at different sludge retention times (SRTs). The impact of prolonged exposure to diclofenac on microbial process kinetics was explored with respirometric modelling. The long-term operation of lab-scale reactors revealed that continuous feeding of diclofenac at relevant concentrations observed in municipal wastewaters did not affect carbon removal efficiency independentl of SRT. However, in case of diclofenac removal, 34% efficiency could be achieved at a higher SRT of 20 days. Kinetic evaluation showed that the increment in diclofenac dosing resulted in no adverse effect on the microbial growth rate except that high concentrations of diclofenac exposure decreased the growth rate at SRT of 10 days. A significant increase in hydrolysis rate was determined in the diclofenac-acclimated biomass for both SRTs; even at high concentrations of diclofenac exposure, the hydrolysis rate remained unchanged. Long-term acclimation to diclofenac had a progressive impact on the hydrolysis kinetics, which could be attributed to an alteration in the microbial culture profile. Overall, the results suggest that the operation with diclofenac-acclimated biomass at higher SRTs could enrich a microbial culture capable of overcoming the adverse effect of the pollutant and improve the biodegradation potential as well.
Traffic Intensity as a Factor Influencing Microplastic and Tire Wear Particle Pollution in Snow Accumulated on Urban Roads
Authors: Mierzyńska Karolina , Pol Wojciech , Martyniuk Monika , Zieliński Piotr
Published: October 2024

Traffic-related roads are an underestimated source of synthetic particles in the environment. This study investigated the impact of traffic volume on microplastic (MP) and tire wear particle (TWP) pollution in road snow. An examination was conducted in a medium-sized city situated in northeastern Poland, known for being one of the cleanest regions in the country. MPs and TWPs were found at all 54 sites, regardless of the intensity of traffic. The average concentration for all samples was 354.72 pcs/L. Statistically significant differences were found between the average values of the particle concentration on low, medium, and heavy traffic roads, amounting to 62.32 pcs/L, 335.97 pcs/L, and 792.76 pcs/L, respectively. Within all three studied groups of roads, MPs and TWPs with the smallest size, ranging from 50 to 200 μm, were prevalent. In all of the studied groups of roads, four analyzed shapes of particles were found, with irregular fragments being the most abundant form (89.23%). The most frequently recorded color among the collected samples was black (99.85%), and the least frequently recorded color was blue, constituting only 0.01%. This study suggests that snow cover on the roads may act like a temporary storage of pollutants during winter particularly in the temperate climate zone and, after thawing can significantly increase the concentration of MPs and TWPs in surface waters. Possible measures to decrease the release of MPs and TWPs into the environment in the city may include reducing the traffic volume and speed, implementing street sweeping, utilizing filtration chambers, and installing stormwater bioretention systems or settling ponds.
Review of Green Water Systems for Urban Flood Resilience: Literature and Codes
Authors: Valencia-Félix Sebastián , Anco-Valdivia Johan , Espinoza Vigil Alain Jorge , Hidalgo Valdivia Alejandro Víctor , Sanchez-Carigga Carlos
Published: October 2024

Achieving Urban Flood Resilience (UFR) is essential for modern societies, requiring the implementation of effective practices in different countries to mitigate hydrological events. Green Water Systems (GWSs) emerge as a promising alternative to achieve UFR, but they are still poorly explored and present varied definitions. This article aims to define GWSs within the framework of sustainable practices and propose a regulation that promotes UFR. Through a systematic review of existing definitions and an analysis of international regulations on sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDSs), this study uncovers the varied perceptions and applications of GWSs and their role in Blue–Green Infrastructure (BGI). Furthermore, the research puts forth a standardized definition of GWSs and emphasizes the implementation of SuDSs in Peru. This approach aims to address the existing knowledge gap and contribute to the advancement of sustainable urban infrastructure.
Echo State Network and Sparrow Search: Echo State Network for Modeling the Monthly River Discharge of the Biggest River in Buzău County, Romania
Authors: Zhen Liu , Bărbulescu Alina
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an instrument used in all domains with good results. The water resources management field is not an exception. Therefore, in this article, we propose two machine learning (ML) techniques—an echo state network (ESN) and sparrow search algorithm–echo state network (SSA-ESN)—for monthly modeling of the water discharge of one of the biggest rivers in Romania for three periods (S, S1, and S2). In both models, R2 was over 0.989 on the test and training sets and the mean absolute error (MAE) varied between 4.4826 and 7.6038. The performance of the SSA-ESN was similar, but the ESN had the shortest run time. The influence of anomalies on the models’ quality was assessed by running the algorithms on a series without the aberrant values, which were detected by the seasonal hybrid extreme studentized deviate (S-H-ESD) test. The results indicate that removing the anomalies significantly improved both models’ performance, but the run time was increased.
Integrated Geospatial and Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach for Assessing Sustainable Management of Groundwater Recharge Potential in Barind Tract
Authors: Hossain Md. Zahed , Adhikary Sajal Kumar , Nath Hrithik , Kafy Abdulla Al , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed , Rahman Muhammad Tauhidur
Published: October 2024

Groundwater depletion in Bangladesh’s Barind tract poses significant challenges for sustainable water management. This study aims to delineate groundwater recharge potential zones in this region using an integrated geospatial and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The methodology combines remote-sensing data with GIS analysis, considering seven factors influencing groundwater recharge: rainfall, soil type, geology, slope, lineament density, land use/land cover, and drainage density. The AHP method was employed to assess the variability of groundwater recharge potential within the 7586 km2 study area. Thematic maps of relevant factors were processed using ArcGIS software. Results indicate that 9.23% (700.22 km2), 47.68% (3617.13 km2), 37.12% (2816.13 km2), and 5.97% (452.70 km2) of the study area exhibit poor, moderate, good, and very good recharge potential, respectively. The annual recharge volume is estimated at 2554 × 106 m3/year, constituting 22.7% of the total precipitation volume (11,227 × 106 m3/year). Analysis of individual factors revealed that geology has the highest influence (33.57%) on recharge potential, followed by land use/land cover (17.74%), soil type (17.25%), and rainfall (12.25%). The consistency ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix was 0.0904, indicating acceptable reliability of the AHP results. The spatial distribution of recharge zones shows a concentration of poor recharge potential in areas with low rainfall (1200–1400 mm/year) and high slope (6–40%). Conversely, very good recharge potential is associated with high rainfall zones (1800–2200 mm/year) and areas with favorable geology (sedimentary deposits). This study provides a quantitative framework for assessing groundwater recharge potential in the Barind tract. The resulting maps and data offer valuable insights for policymakers and water resource managers to develop targeted groundwater management strategies. These findings have significant implications for sustainable water resource management in the region, particularly in addressing challenges related to agricultural water demand and climate change adaptation.
The Coupled Application of the DB-IWHR Model and the MIKE 21 Model for the Assessment of Dam Failure Risk
Authors: Ma Junling , Zhou Feng , Yue Chunfang , Sun Qiji , Wang Xuehu
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of global climate change has led to an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, an acceleration in the melting of glaciers and snow cover, and an elevation of the risk of flooding. In this study, the DB-IWHR model was employed in conjunction with the MIKE 21 hydrodynamic model to develop a simulation system for the dam failure flow process of an earth and rock dam. The study concentrated on the KET reservoir, and 12 dam failure scenarios were devised based on varying design flood criteria. The impact of reservoir failures on flood-risk areas was subjected to detailed analysis, with consideration given to a range of potential failure scenarios and flood sizes. It was determined that under identical inflow frequency conditions, the higher the water level, the more rapid the breakout process and the corresponding increase in flood peak discharge. Conversely, for a given frequency of incoming water, an elevated water level results in a transient breach process, accompanied by a reduction in flood peak flow. Moreover, for a given water level, an increase in water frequency results in a reduction in breaching time, an extension of flood duration, and an increase in flood peak flow. The observed trend of flood spreading is generally north-south, and this process is highly compatible with the topographic and geomorphological features, demonstrating good adaptability.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE CLONES AT PRELIMINARY YIELD TRIAL
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Shahzad , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Hafiz Bashir , Hassan Mahmood Ul , Yasin Mubashra , Babar Babar Hussain , Naheed Rashida
Published: October 2024

In the current study, fifteen (15) sugarcane clones developed from Sri Lanka and Barbados fuzz were evaluated for quantitative and qualitative traits in local set of climatic conditions. After testing and advancement from early stages of sugarcane cultivar development program, these clones were planted in 4th stage i.e. preliminary yield trial to evaluate the performance of clones in comparison to two local check varieties viz. CPF 253 and HSF 240. The testing sugarcane clones along with check varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) deploying three replications during the crop season 2022-23. Biometric parameters like germination (%), plant population, plant height, 10-cane weight, cane weight and cane yield alongwith sugar recovery were studied. The biometric traits were compared using two-sided Dunnett's multiple to check the level of significance. The results showed high level of significance for all the biometric traits. The clone BDF-20-174 showed superior performance for plant population, cane yield and sugar recovery as compared to local check varieties. Similarly some other clones surpass the check varieties in some traits but their overall performance remained at par or lower than check varieties. However, further testing and experimentation will be applied to pick more adapted and suitable clones for local agro-ecological conditions
Методика проведения проверок дымности дизельных пожарных автомобилей с использованием устройства изменения скоростного режима двигателя
Authors: Ложкин В.Н. , Сацук И.В. , Голякова Е.И.
Published: October 2024

В статье проведен анализ действующей методики проверки экологической безопасности дизельных двигателей, рассмотрены процессы инерционного нагружения двигателя при резком перемещении педали топливоподачи с выходом на внешнюю корректурную ветвь. Представлены особенности регулировки устройства изменения скоростного режима дизеля для достижения заданных параметров времени воздействия на педаль топливоподачи. По результатам проведенных исследований предложено внесение изменений в методику проверки экологической безопасности.

The article analyzes the current methodology for testing the environmental safety of diesel engines, considers the processes of inertial loading of the engine with a sharp movement of the fuel pedal with an exit to the external correction branch. Features of adjusting the device for changing the speed mode of the diesel engine to achieve the specified parameters of the time of action on the fuel pedal are presented. Based on the results of the studies, changes are proposed to the methodology for testing environmental safety.
Средства получения и перспективы применения компрессионной пены в пожаротушении
Authors: Сизинова Н.А.
Published: October 2024

Предметом статьи являются современные технологии тушения пожаров, основанные на компрессионной пене. Цель исследования - изучение средств получения и перспектив применения компрессионной пены в пожаротушении. Представлена схема изготовления компрессионной пены (пенный концентрат выступает в качестве пенообразователя) и схема автономной установки изготовления компрессионной пены. Отмечено, что одним из существенных преимуществ CAFS является возможность создания готового продукта, соответствующего конкретному типу горючего или конкретной ситуации. Определены характеристики продукта SmartCAFS. Представлена типология использования компрессионной пены в зависимости от типа инцидента. Приведены результаты испытания на огнестойкость различных пен. Системы пожаротушения, основанные на применении компрессионной пены, получают широкое распространение, поскольку такая технологии не нуждается в большом количестве воды, позволяет быстро покрывать большие площади, сводя к минимуму любой причиненный ущерб и риск дальнейшего распространения пожара. Кроме того, системы пенообразования на сжатом воздухе можно разместить на гораздо меньшей площади, чем альтернативные решения, что значительно снижает требования к инфраструктуре и расходы. Перспективы развития систем CAFS заключаются в их интеграции с цифровыми технологиями.

The subject of the article is modern fire extinguishing technologies based on compression foam. The purpose of the study is to study the means of obtaining and the prospects for using compression foam in firefighting. A diagram of the production of compression foam is presented (the foam concentrate acts as a foaming agent) and a diagram of an autonomous installation for the production of compression foam. It is noted that one of the significant advantages of CAFS is the ability to create a finished product that matches a specific type of fuel or a specific situation. The characteristics of the SmartCAFS product have been defined. A typology of the use of compression foam depending on the type of incident is presented. The results of fire resistance tests of various foams are presented. Fire extinguishing systems based on the use of compression foam are becoming widespread because this technology does not require large amounts of water, allows it to quickly cover large areas, minimizing any damage caused and the risk of further spread of the fire. In addition, compressed air foam systems can be installed in a much smaller footprint than alternative solutions, significantly reducing infrastructure requirements and costs. The prospects for the development of CAFS systems lie in their integration with digital technologies.
Development of a GIS Tool to Find Fiber Cable Fault Using Python Scripting for ArcGIS in Amman City
Authors: Shehadeh Madeleine Taiseer , Al-Qaralleh Mohammed Jamil
Published: October 2024

Optical fiber cables are characterized by a larger bandwidth than other transmission media, which increases the amount of data transmitted per unit of time. Managing a fiber optic network using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has benefits for the operation and maintenance of the communication network. The study aims to develop a GIS tool to detect fiber optic cable faults using Python Scripting for ArcGIS in the city of Amman. To achieve this goal, the Esri data model for telecommunications was used. The study concluded that it is possible to locate faults using the Python programming language, and the program provides accurate coordinates based on the precision of the OTDR device.
البعد البراغماتي لـ"مشروع للسلام الدائم" عند إيمانويل كانط
Authors: Nassar Duaa , Aldababsa Suzan
Published: October 2024

تتبنى هذه الورقة دراسة وتحليل البعد البراغماتي لـ " مشروع للسلام الدائم" Perpetual peace عند الفيلسوف الألماني إيمانويل كانط Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) حيث يتم تتبع نصوص المشروع بمهمة تحليلية تقتضي الوصول إلى الإمكان العملي لقواعد كانط في السلام التي تركز على التأصيل لفكرة السلام من خلال الربط ما بين المبادئ القيمية والفعل السياسي. تتبع الورقة مشكلة أساسية وهي البحث في إمكانية وجود بعد براغماتي لمشروع السلام الدائم عند كانط، على الرغم من التداعيات التي ترتبط بطروحات كانط في العقلانية التي تظهر على أنها أبعد من أن تهتم بالنتائج العملية، خصوصاً من خلال اهتمام كانط بشكل أساسي بالمقاصد أكثر من النتائج، وهو ما شكل تحدياً في إمكانية إثبات أن كانط في مشروعة السياسي، كان قد استطاع أن يحقق انسجاماً بين القواعد المؤسسة للسلم العالمي وبين نتائجه العملية الأثر. تهدف الورقة إلى تبني مهمة تحليلية لنصوص مشروع كانط للسلام، وتتبعها بوساطة تسليط الضوء على مقاصد كانط السياسية من خلال هذه النصوص والكشف عن الروح الأخلاقية المتضمنة في داخلها على الرغم من اعتبار تلك القواعد ذات مضامين عقلانية. تصل الورقة إلى نتيجة مفادها وجود بعد براغماتي لمشروع السلام الدائم عند كانط، استطاع أن يكون مجالاً حياً للواجب الأخلاقي متمكناً في نتائج عملية ممكنة على الصعيد السياسي والدولي.
Diseño centrado en las personas: el desafío de empatizar
Authors:   , Ortiz Claudia Susana
Published: October 2024

El Diseño Centrado en las Personas se focaliza en identificar las necesidades de las personas involucrándolas en todas las etapas del diseño, para poder generar un producto/servicio. Sin embargo, involucrar a las personas con discapacidad activamente en el diseño de su software sigue siendo una meta pendiente. Más aun, en la mayoría de los casos la accesibilidad es abordada en etapas avanzadas del desarrollo porque es considerada un problema de implementación. Esto genera que no se empatice adecuadamente con las necesidades reales de estas personas al desarrollar software. En los últimos años, ha tenido gran auge Design Thinking como un abordaje de Diseño Centrado en las Personas que se focaliza en empatizar para generar productos innovadores; lo que ha llevado a replantearse si los métodos tradicionales, tipo entrevistas y/o encuestas, llegan a captar las necesidades reales de las personas, en particular aquellas con discapacidad. Esta tesis propone un abordaje de Design Thinking para el diseño de software accesible desde su concepción. Como parte de este abordaje, se especificó un framework conceptual que define las tres etapas presentes en todos los framework de Design Thinking como son: Empatizar, Idear y Prototipar/Testear. Para la etapa de empatizar, se especificó una guía que permite empatizar con personas con discapacidad para identificar sus necesidades reales. Además, se detallaron recomendaciones respecto a posibles recursos de Design Thinking que se pueden utilizar en cada ítem de la guía. Usando esta guía, se diseñó y exploró la empatización con cuatro personas, dos de ellas con daltonismo, una con desafíos motrices (que afectan su habla y su escritura) y otra con Síndrome de Down. Se espera que esta tesis sirva para reflexionar sobre cuáles son los mejores recursos para empatizar y aportar en la dirección de diseñar software accesible desde su concepción.