bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Laser Sintering on Ti–ZrB2 Mixtures
Authors: Sun Chen‐Nan , Gupta Mool C. , Payzant E. Andrew
Published: April 2011

Multilayer structures of ZrB2 containing 30–70 wt% Ti were fabricated using a laser sintering/melting technique. Ti acted as the binding interface for the hard ZrB2 particles. Structural properties and oxidation behavior of laser‐sintered samples were studied using high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HTXRD). HTXRD revealed the formation of boride solid solutions (Zr0.61Ti0.39B2, Zr0.2Ti0.8B2), Zr0.3Ti0.7 and TiB whiskers as well as several oxide species (Ti2ZrO and ZrOx) during laser sintering process. Laser‐sintered Ti–ZrB2 mixtures had high relative densities (>92%) and hardness values (up to 11.4 GPa). The reactions enhanced dissolution of ZrB2 into Ti, governing the final compositions of the mixtures and facilitating the production of high‐density boride solid solutions.
The Effects of Fluxes on AlN:Eu2+Blue Phosphors Synthesized by a Carbothermal Reduction Method
Authors: Yin Liang‐Jun , Yu Wei , Xu Xin , Hao Lu‐Yuan , Simeon Agathopoulos
Published: April 2011

Different fluxes had been used in the preparation of AlN:Eu2+blue phosphors by the carbothermal reduction method. The influence of these fluxes on the phase composition, crystallinity, particle size, and photoluminescence (PL) of the produced phosphors was investigated. X‐ray diffraction and microstructure characterizations showed that both CaF2and BaF2were excellent nitridation promoters for the synthesis of AlN:Eu2+phosphors, because pure and highly crystallized AlN was obtained with 3 wt% fluxes. The use of CaF2flux resulted in phosphors which featured a very weak blue shift emission due to lattice distortion and lattice imperfection caused by the incorporation of Ca into the AlN host, according to the results of IR spectra, decay curves, and the changes in lattice parameters. In comparison with phosphors produced without the use of fluxes, the use of BaF2flux resulted in phosphors with higher PL intensity by a factor of 2.4, which were produced at lower soaking temperature and shorter soaking time. Finally, a simple reaction mechanism for the nitridation process was also suggested.
Preparation of BME MLCC Powders by Aqueous Chemical Coating Method
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Wang Xiaohui , Tian Zhibin , Hur Kang‐Heon , Li Longtu
Published: April 2011

High and large capacitance base–metal–electrode multilayer ceramic capacitors (BME MLCCs) for future application require much thinner dielectric layers (<l μm) than ever before, which means that grain size uniformity of BME MLCC powder should be effectively controlled. In this paper, high‐performance nanosized BME MLCC powder was developed by a novel and convenient aqueous chemical coating method. Various kinds of dispersants were used to disperse BaTiO3 particles in aqueous solutions. Poly(acrylic acid–comaleic acid) was found to be the best for dispersing. BaTiO3 particles were well coated by adding the doping elements into the uniform BaTiO3 slurry in the form of inorganic solutions and organic solutions under an appropriate pH value. Thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy were utilized in the study of calcining, microstructures, and element analysis. The dielectric constants of the ceramics at room temperature could reach 2100, with low dielectric loss <1.0% and high insulation resistivity ∼1012 Ω·cm. The average grain size is as low as about 130 nm.
Editorial: Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion: When a Pretty Picture Is Not Enough
Authors: Hussein Haitham M. , Qureshi Adnan I.
Published: April 2011

J Neuroimaging 2012;22:107‐108
Similar cation channels mediate protection from cerebellar exitotoxicity by exercise and inheritance
Authors: Ben‐Ari Shani , Ofek Keren , Barbash Shahar , Meiri Hanoch , Kovalev Eugenia , Greenberg David Samuel , Soreq Hermona , Shoham Shai
Published: April 2011

Exercise and inherited factors both affect recovery from stroke and head injury, but the underlying mechanisms and interconnections between them are yet unknown. Here, we report that similar cation channels mediate the protective effect of exercise and specific genetic background in a kainate injection model of cerebellar stroke. Microinjection to the cerebellum of the glutamatergic agonist, kainate, creates glutamatergic excito‐toxicity characteristic of focal stroke, head injury or alcoholism. Inherited protection and prior exercise were both accompanied by higher cerebellar expression levels of the Kir6.1 ATP‐dependent potassium channel in adjacent Bergmann glia, and voltage‐gated KVbeta2 and cyclic nucleotide‐gated cation HCN1 channels in basket cells. Sedentary FVB/N and exercised C57BL/6 mice both expressed higher levels of these cation channels compared to sedentary C57BL/6 mice, and were both found to be less sensitive to glutamate toxicity. Moreover, blocking ATP‐dependent potassium channels with Glibenclamide enhanced kainate‐induced cell death in cerebellar slices from the resilient sedentary FVB/N mice. Furthermore, exercise increased the number of acetylcholinesterase‐positive fibres in the molecular layer, reduced cerebellar cytokine levels and suppressed serum acetylcholinesterase activity, suggesting anti‐inflammatory protection by enhanced cholinergic signalling. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that routine exercise and specific genetic backgrounds confer protection from cerebellar glutamatergic damages by similar molecular mechanisms, including elevated expression of cation channels. In addition, our findings highlight the involvement of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway in insult‐inducible cerebellar processes. These mechanisms are likely to play similar roles in other brain regions and injuries as well, opening new venues for targeted research efforts.
Histological evaluation of healing after transalveolar maxillary sinus augmentation with bioglass and autogenous bone
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Sima Catalin , Sima Andrea , Nyengaard Jens , Karring Thorkild , Sculean Anton
Published: April 2011

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate histologically the outcome of a bioglass and autogenous bone (at 1 : 1 ratio) composite implantation for transalveolar sinus augmentation.

Methods: In 31 patients, during implant installation ca. 4 months after sinus augmentation, biopsies were harvested through the transalveolar osteotomy by means of a trephine bur and non‐decalcified sections through the long axis of the cylinder were produced. After a strict selection process, taking into account the presurgical residual bone height and biopsy length, 8 and 15 biopsies representing the new tissues formed inside the sinus and the transalveolar osteotomy, respectively, qualified for analysis. The tissue fractions occupied by newly formed bone (mineralized tissue+bone marrow), soft connective tissue, residual biomaterial+empty spaces, and debris inside the sinus cavity or the transalveolar osteotomy were estimated.

Results: Bone and connective tissue fraction in the newly formed tissues inside the sinus cavity averaged 23.4 ± 13.2% and 54.1 ± 23.5%, respectively. Residual biomaterial, empty spaces, and debris averaged 1.9 ± 3.5%, 10.5 ± 6.3%, and 8.4 ± 14.5%, respectively. In the transalveolar osteotomy, bone and connective tissue fraction averaged 41.6 ± 14.3% and 46.1 ± 13%, respectively, while the amount of residual biomaterial, empty spaces, and debris was 2.8 ± 5%, 4.7 ± 1.9%, and 3.2 ± 2.6%, respectively. Statistically significant differences between the sinus cavity and the transalveolar osteotomy were found only for bone and empty spaces' values (P=0.02 and 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion: Sinus augmentation with a bioglass and autogenous bone composite is compatible with bone formation that, in a short distance from the floor of the sinus, shows similar density as that reported previously for other commonly used bone substitutes. New bone fraction inside the transalveolar osteotomy was almost twice as much as in the sinus cavity, while the amount of residual biomaterial was much less than that inside the sinus.

To cite this article: Stavropoulos A, Sima C, Sima A, Nyengaard J, Karring T, Sculean A. Histological evaluation of healing after transalveolar maxillary sinus augmentation with bioglass and autogenous bone. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 125–131. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02161.x
Removable four implant‐supported mandibular overdentures rigidly retained with telescopic crowns or milled bars: a 3‐year prospective study
Authors: Krennmair Gerald , Sütö Daniel , Seemann Rudolf , Piehslinger Eva
Published: April 2011

Purpose: The present study evaluated implant survival/success rate, peri‐implant parameters and prosthodontic maintenance efforts for four implant‐supported mandibular overdentures (IOD) rigidly retained on either milled bar or double crowns (telescopic) attachments.

Material and methods: In a randomized prospective trial, 51 patients with edentulism received four mandibular interforaminal implants and complete maxillary dentures. For IOD, rigid denture stabilization was chosen randomly selecting 26 patients for milled bars (group I) and 25 patients for double (telescopic) crowns (group II). During a 3‐year follow‐up period, implant survival/success, peri‐implant parameters (marginal bone resorption, pocket depth, plaque‐, bleeding‐, gingival index [BI and GI], calculus) and prosthodontic maintenance efforts were evaluated and compared between both retention modalities used.

Results: Forty‐five patients (23 group I, 22 group II) were available for a 3‐year follow‐up (dropout rate: 11.8%) presenting a high implant survival/success rate (100%). Peri‐implant marginal bone resorption, pocket depth as well as BI and GI did not differ for both rigid retention modalities. However, annually higher values for plaque‐ (NS) and calculus index (P<0.035) were noticed for the bar (group I) than for the telescopic crown (group II) attachments. Prevalence of prosthodontic maintenance did not differ between both retention modalities (group I: 0.41/maintenance efforts/year/patients vs. group II; 0.45 maintenance/efforts/year/patients). However, prosthodontic adaption for handling mechanism showed benefits for the bar retention.

Conclusion: Rigid anchoring of IOD retained either by bar or telescopic attachments showed high implant success rates and minor prosthodontic maintenance efforts regardless of retention modalities used. Stable denture retention presented healthy peri‐implant structure for implants in bar and telescopic anchoring systems. Drawbacks such as higher plaque/calculus for bar retention and less favorable handling properties (output) for telescopic crown attachment leave the decision on the selection at the discretion of the clinician.

To cite this article: Krennmair G, Sütö D, Seemann R, Piehslinger E. Removable four implant‐supported mandibular overdentures rigidly retained with telescopic crowns or milled bars: a 3‐year prospective study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 481–488. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02169.x
Immediately restored one‐piece single‐tooth implants with reduced diameter: one‐year results of a multi‐center study
Authors: Zembić A. , Johannesen L. H. , Schou S. , Malo P. , Reichert T. , Farella M. , Hämmerle C. H. F.
Published: April 2011

Objectives: The aim of the present multi‐center study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of immediately restored one‐piece single‐tooth implants with a diameter of 3 mm after 1 year.

Material and methods: A total of 57 one‐piece implants (NobelDirect® 3.0) were inserted in 47 patients (26 females, 21 males) with a mean age of 31 years (range: 17–76 years) at five different centers. The implants replaced maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular incisors. The implants were placed either in conjunction with tooth extraction or in healed sites, and all implants were immediately restored with a provisional resin crown. If needed, the abutment part of the implant was prepared before crown cementation. The permanent crown was placed after 1.9–14.5 months. Radiographs were taken at implant insertion as well as after 6 and 12 months to evaluate the peri‐implant marginal bone level and bone loss. Moreover, plaque, bleeding on probing and complications were assessed.

Results: A total of 44 patients (23 females, 21 males) with 54 implants were available for the 1‐year follow‐up. One implant was lost, thus the 1‐year implant survival was 98%. A statistically significant mean marginal bone loss was observed between baseline and 6 months (1.1 mm, range: −0.7 to 4.4 mm; n=49) and between baseline and 12 months (1.6 mm, range: −0.8 to 4.6 mm; n=50). A total of 18% of the implants were characterized by a bone loss of more than 3 mm. No bleeding on probing was observed around 83% of the implants. Plaque was registered at 15% of the implants. The most common complications were related to the provisional crown, i.e. fracture (n=3) and loss of retention (n=3).

Conclusions: A high 1‐year implant survival was observed in the present study. However, the excessive peri‐implant marginal bone loss around several implants indicates that this implant should be used with caution until further studies have been conducted.

To cite this article: Zembić A, Johannesen LH, Schou S, Malo P, Reichert T, Farella M, Hämmerle CHF. Immediately restored one‐piece single‐tooth implants with reduced diameter: one‐year results of a multi‐center study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 49–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02174.x
A case‐control study assessing oral‐health‐related quality of life after immediately loaded single implants in healed alveolar ridges or extraction sockets
Authors: Raes Filiep , Cooper Lyndon F. , Tarrida Luís Giner , Vandromme Heleen , De Bruyn Hugo
Published: April 2011

Introduction: Tooth loss reduces oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) as assessed with the 14‐item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP‐14).

Objectives: This prospective multicenter case‐control study sought to (i) establish OHRQoL in patients requiring a single implant in the anterior maxilla and to (ii) compare these changes following implant placement and immediate provisionalization in extraction sockets with healed alveolar ridges up to 1 year.

Material and methods: Ninety‐six patients were enrolled in the study with 102 single implants (OsseoSpeed™ AstraTech) provisionalized immediately after placement in sockets or after placement in healed ridges. A final crown was cemented after 12 weeks. OHIP‐14 was registered before surgery (baseline), after 1 (provisional crown), 6 and 12 months (final crown). Repeated measures ANOVA was performed for the seven conceptual OHIP Domains, the treatment group (extraction site socket vs. healed alveolar ridge) and time as within subjects variables.

Results: Two implants failed, 1/48 (2.1%) in the extraction group (n=46 patients) and 1/54 (1.8%) in the healed ridge group (n=50 patients). From 82 patients (87.5%), OHIP‐14 was available at all time points. The overall OHIP‐14 based on the mean of the seven domains increases between baseline and 6 months and remained stable afterward for the total study group and both treatment groups. Comparison between extraction and healed groups revealed no significant difference at baseline but the healed group showed a significantly higher improvement for functional limitation, physical disability, physical pain and psychological discomfort (P<0.05). Between baseline and 1 year in the healed bone group, all seven domains improved significantly compared with only three domains in the extraction group. However, the overall OHIP‐14 score between groups was not substantially different. Hence, both treatment modalities lead to similar OHRQoL improvement.

Conclusion: Patients in need of a single‐tooth replacement have limited OHRQoL problems as reflected by the OHIP‐14 score but improvements in several domains related to oral health were evaluated when implants were placed and provisionalized in healed bone and extraction sites.
Evaluation of an anorganic bovine‐derived mineral with P‐15 hydrogel bone graft: preliminary study in a rabbit cranial bone model
Authors: Matos Sérgio , Guerra Fernando , Krauser Jack T. , Figueiredo Helena , Marcelino João Pedro , Sanz Mariano
Published: April 2011

Objectives: The present investigation aimed to assess the bone‐regenerative potential of two formulations of anorganic bovine‐derived mineral bound to a P‐15 (ABM/P‐15) bone graft – the particulate and the hydrogel forms – in a delayed healing rabbit cranial defect model.

Material and methods: Ten adult male New Zealand White rabbits were used to create two 8 mm transcortical cranial defects per rabbit and each one received randomly the test material (ABM/P‐15 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐hydrogel graft), the standard control material (ABM/P‐15 particulate graft) or remained empty as a negative control. The defects were allowed to heal for 2 and 4 weeks. Qualitative and quantitative histological outcomes were assessed on undecalcified sections.

Results: In the defects grafted with the test material, at both time points, there was a marked random migration of the bone substitute particles. As a consequence, the space maintenance provision was lost and new bone formation was reduced compared with the control particulate graft material. The histomorphometric analysis showed that the control material attained better results, with an average of 13.8 ± 1.9% and 18.2 ± 4.4% of new bone at 2 and 4 weeks, compared with 8.5 ± 2.4% and 13 ± 2.9% for the test material. These differences were significant at 2 weeks (P≤0.05), but not at 4 weeks (P>0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the total area of mineralized tissue (new bone plus particles), favoring the standard control over the test material: 43.2 ± 14.4% vs. 14.2 ± 5.3% at 2 weeks and 56.9 ± 4.2% vs. 24.2 ± 9.6% at 4 weeks, respectively.

Conclusions: The test ABM/P‐15 CMC‐hydrogel graft material behaved in this animal model by migration of the graft particles, what determined an unpredictable osseoconduction and, consequently, a decreased quality and quantity of bone regeneration as compared with the osseopromotive behavior exhibited by the standard particulate form of the ABM/P‐15 control graft. It is therefore suggested to restrain the application of the hydrogel graft form in non‐contained anatomical bone defects.
Microchimerism in labial salivary glands of hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients
Authors: Souza LN , Faria DR , Dutra WO , Gomes CC , Gomez RS
Published: April 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 484–488

Objective:  Microchimerism has been extensively investigated in autoimmune diseases, which display similarities with graft‐vs‐host disease. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of microchimerism in minor salivary glands of hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients, one of the targets of graft‐vs‐host disease.

Methods:  Labial salivary glands biopsy specimens from 11 stem cell transplanted patients were analysed. The samples were grouped in control (five specimens from a female‐to‐female transplantation) and study group (five glands from male‐to‐female transplantation). One male transplanted patient was used as a positive control. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with Y‐chromosome probe and immunofluorescence with anticytokeratin AE1/AE3 and CD45 were used to identify Y‐chromosome positive glandular epithelial cells from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients.

Results:  In the study group, all samples were positive to Y‐chromosome and cytokeratin AE1/AE3, in agreement with the pattern exhibited by male labial salivary gland. None of the samples from control group were positive to Y‐chromosome despite being positive to cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Positivity to CD45 was not relevant.

Conclusion:  Microchimerism in the labial salivary glands of sex‐mismatched stem cell transplanted patients is a real phenomenon. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the impact of this phenomenon on the clinical status of stem cell transplanted patients.
Normative data for tests of neuromuscular performance and DXA‐derived lean body mass and fat mass in pre‐pubertal children
Authors: Lundgren Susanna Stenevi , Nilsson Jan Åke , Ringsberg Karin AM , Karlsson Magnus K
Published: April 2011

Aim:  To present gender‐specific normative data on estimates of neuromuscular performance, such as muscle strength, vertical jump and standing unilateral balance, in pre‐pubertal children.

Methods:  Lean body mass (kg) and fat mass (%) were estimated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 246 boys and 190 girls aged 6–12 years in Tanner stages 1 and 2. Isokinetic concentric peak torque at 60 and 180°/sec of the right knee extensors, and flexors were evaluated by a computerized dynamometer. Vertical jump height (VJH) was evaluated with an electronic mat and postural control with a one‐leg stand test and a blindfolded one‐leg stand test.

Results:  Anthropometry, muscle strength and VJH in both genders showed improved performance with advancing ages (all p < 0.01 for trend) but there were no constant gender differences across the age groups (all ns.). In boys and girls, the ratio muscle strength/muscle mass showed significantly higher ratios with higher ages (both p < 0.01, respectively), but with no constant gender discrepancy. The postural control tests also showed significantly better performance with higher ages in both boys and girls (both p < 0.01).

Conclusion:  This report, which provides normative gender‐specific data on muscle strength, muscle and fat mass and VJH, shows that in Swedish children aged 6–12 years, there seems to be a linear increase with age and no structural gender differences.
Parent‐reported food allergy requiring an avoidance diet in children starting elementary school
Authors: Kallio P , Salmivesi S , Kainulainen H , Paassilta M , Korppi M
Published: April 2011

Aim:  To evaluate the prevalence of parent‐reported food allergies requiring avoidance diet at early school age.

Methods:  The school health nurses interviewed, by using a structured questionnaire on the required diet at school, the parents of all the 1542 children starting elementary school in a Finnish town with 210 000 inhabitants.

Results:  An allergy to basic foods was found in 41 (2.7%) children: 1.5% to milk, 1.1% to eggs and 1.0% to grains. An allergy to nuts was present in 3.1% and to fruits and vegetables in 5.8%, both with known cross‐sensitization to pollens. In all, 9.2% of the children reported some allergy. Milk, egg and grain allergies were associated with soy, nut and spice allergies.

Conclusion:  Over 2% of the 1542 Finnish first‐graders reported allergies to basic foods (milk, eggs or grains) requiring special avoidance diets at school. The figure suggests that avoidance diets started in the first years of life still unnecessarily continued.
Prediction of obesity from infancy to adolescence
Authors: Angbratt Marianne , Ekberg Joakim , Walter Lars , Timpka Toomas
Published: April 2011

Aim:  To examine the development of childhood obesity and to determine the earliest age when estimating body mass using only weight and height data is associated with a corresponding estimate at the age of 15.

Methods:  Subjects included are all children born in 1991 in Östergötland County, Sweden. Weight and height data collected during regular check‐ups at well‐child centres and school health care assessments up to 15 years of age were assembled from health records. Correlations between childhood estimates of body mass and the body mass index (BMI) at 15 years of age were computed pairwise. Correlations with r > 0.5 were defined as reliably strong.

Results:  Complete data were available for 3579 children (62%). Fewer girls (2.6%; C.I. 1.9–3.3) than boys (4.6%; C.I. 3.7–5.5) were obese at 15 years of age. Correlations with BMI at 15 years of age were strong (significantly higher than 0.5) from 5 years of age. Only 23% of girls and 8% of boys found to be obese at 5 years of age were of normal weight at the age of 15.

Conclusion:  From 5 years of age, point estimates of body mass using only weight and height data are strongly associated with BMI at the age of 15. More data sources are needed to predict weight trajectories in younger children.
Relationship among Schneiderian Membrane, Underwood's Septa, and the Maxillary Sinus Inferior Border
Authors: Çakur Binali , Sümbüllü Muhammed Akif , Durna Doğan
Published: April 2011

Background: Osseo‐integrated implants are increasingly being used to restore functional dentition; however, in the posterior region, implant placement can be problematic because of inadequate bone height. In this condition, maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery has become the treatment of choice. The presence of anatomic variations within the maxillary sinus such as Underwood's septa and thin schneiderian membrane decreases the success of the sinus floor elevation.

Purpose: In this study, we tried to determine the relationship between the anatomic variations of the maxillary sinus: Underwood's septa, schneiderian membrane thickness, and the cortical thickness of the inferior border of the maxillary sinus.

Material and Methods: The left and right maxillary sinus images of 74 patients were obtained by using dental computed tomography (CT). The schneiderian membrane and the cortical thickness of the inferior border of the maxillary sinus were measured on the coronal images of dental CT scans at the deepest portion of the sinus cavity. The presence of Underwood's septa was identified on the axial images. The correlations between these variables were assessed.

Results: We found that there was only a negative correlation between the schneiderian membrane thickness and the presence of Underwood's septa (r = –0.168 p = .042).

Conclusion: It is suggested that Underwood's septa may be the reason for the thinness of the schneiderian membrane. However, future studies among larger groups are necessary for confirming the finding by using well‐designed clinical studies.
Selecting the desirable method for predicting 305‐day lactation yields in Mongolia
Authors: NARANCHULUUM Gelegjamts , OHMIYA Hiroko , MASUDA Yutaka , HAGIYA Kouichi , SUZUKI Mitsuyoshi
Published: April 2011

In Mongolia, milk production must be improved both quantitatively and qualitatively, and we must find the most desirable method for predicting 305‐day milk yields for cows in Mongolia. Therefore, the predicted 305‐day milk yield from the test interval method (TIM), multiple‐trait prediction (MTP) and the random regression model (RRM) were compared. The daily milk production records during 305 days for cows calving from 1986 to 2007 from the National Livestock Breeding Center in Japan, and the test day records every month for cows calving from 1985 to 2005 from the Hokkaido Dairy Milk Recording and Testing Association were used. Wilmink's model for the average of lactation curve in MTP was adopted. A cubic Legendre polynomials and the parameters of Wilmink's function were used for RRM. The results suggested that RRM was the most desirable method for predicting 305‐day milk yields in Mongolia because estimates by RRM were the most accurate when using over four records. Further analyses will be required to examine the properties of RRM when predicting 305‐day milk yields using test day records in Mongolia.
Effect of dietary inclusion of sorghum milling waste on growth response, nutrient utilisation, gut characteristics and cecal microflora of weaner rabbits
Authors: OSO Oladele A. , SOBAYO Richard , JEGEDE Vincent , FAFIOLU Adeboye , IYASERE Oluwaseun Serah , DELE Peter , BAMGBOSE Adeyemi , CECILIA Adesida
Published: April 2011

Growth response, nutrient digestibility and cecal microflora of 80 male, mixed breed weaner rabbits fed with varying dietary inclusions of sorghum milling waste (SMW) was investigated. Four experimental diets were formulated such that SMW was included at 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/kg, respectively. Each dietary treatment was performed on 20 rabbits. Feed intake increased (P < 0.05) while final live weight and feed conversion ratio of rabbits decreased (P < 0.05) following increased dietary inclusion of SMW. Rabbits fed with 100 and 200 g/kg SMW had similar feed conversion ratios, weight gain, crude fiber, dry matter and crude protein digestibility values. Rabbits fed with 300 g/kg SMW recorded the lowest (P < 0.05) hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and rack weight. Similar dressing percentage and rack weight were recorded for rabbits fed with control diet, 100 and 200 g/kg SMW. The weight of cecal content increased (P < 0.05) with increased dietary inclusion levels of SMW. Rabbits fed with 300 g/kg SMW recorded the lowest (P < 0.05) coliform and lactobaccillus counts. Dietary inclusion of up to 200 g/kg SMW supported improved growth response and carcass yield without imposing any detrimental effect on cecal microflora.
The effects of wilting and storage temperatures on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of stylo silage
Authors: LIU Qinghua , ZHANG Jianguo , SHI Shangli , SUN Qizhong
Published: April 2011

In order to clarify the ensiling characteristics of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensisSwartz), the effects of wilting (no wilting, light wilting and heavy wilting) and storage temperatures (10°C, 20°C, 30°C and 40°C) on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of stylo silage were investigated. Wilting had no significant influence on the contents of crude protein, ether extract and acid detergent fiber, and numbers of lactic acid bacteria, aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mold (P > 0.05). Heavy wilted material, wilted for 12 h, had higher neutral detergent fiber content and lower water‐soluble carbohydrate content than unwilted and light wilted materials (P < 0.05). Wilting and storage temperatures had significant effects on pH value, acetic acid, butyric acid and NH3‐N contents of stylo silage (P < 0.01 orP < 0.05). Wilting tended to reduce acetic acid and NH3‐N contents and improve the fermentation quality of stylo silage. In all the silages, no wilting silage ensiled at 30°C had the highest butyric acid content (P < 0.05). High temperature of 40°C markedly restricted the growth of lactic acid bacteria and aerobic bacteria in silage, irrespective of wilting. The wilted silage or silage stored at low temperature had poor aerobic stability.
The effects of chronic intermittent noise exposure on broiler chicken performance
Authors: VOSLAROVA Eva , CHLOUPEK Petr , CHLOUPEK Jan , BEDANOVA Iveta , PISTEKOVA Vladimira , VECEREK Vladimir
Published: April 2011

Effects of different noise levels (70 or 80 dB) that broilers were exposed to during the entire fattening period and also the effect of the timing of the first exposure to intermittent noise in the course of fattening (day 1 vs. day 7) were monitored. After 7 days of exposure to intermittent noise, experimental chickens already showed a significant decrease in live body weight in comparison with the control group. The difference between the group exposed to intermittent noise at 70 dB and the group exposed to 80 dB levels was not statistically significant, although the mean live body weight of broilers in the latter was lower during the entire fattening period. The chickens exposed to intermittent noise from day 1 of age showed lower mean live weight throughout the fattening period compared to chickens exposed to the same level of intermittent noise only from day 7 of age, although at the end of fattening the difference was statistically significant only in chickens exposed to the higher level of intermittent noise (80 dB).
The effect of beta and kappa casein genes on milk yield and milk composition in different percentages of Holstein in crossbred dairy cattle
Authors: MOLEE Amonrat , BOONEK Lerchat , RUNGSAKINNIN Noppanan
Published: April 2011

The objective of this study was to compare the genotype, and composite genotype frequency, and the association between beta and kappa casein genes and milk yield (MY), percentage of fat (%Fat), protein (%Prot), and solids non‐fat (%SNF) between two groups of crossbred Holstein: G1 ≤ 87.5% Holstein = 89 cows and G2 > 87.5% Holstein = 142 cows. Five genotypes of beta casein gene were observed. A1A2 and A1B were the most and rarest frequency, respectively, in both groups. Five genotypes of kappa casein gene were found. The highest and the lowest frequency were AA, and BB and BE, respectively, in both groups. Composite genotype A1A2AA was the most frequent in both groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between two genes was detected. Significant differences of frequencies between both groups of both genes were not found. The association of the genes and the traits was different between G1 and G2. Negative effects on the traits were found in both groups. In addition, the stronger effect of the beta casein gene was observed in most of the traits. The conclusions were that different %Holstein caused different significant effects of these genes. A study of the association of these genes within each percentage of Holstein is strongly recommended.
The effects of concentrations of lysine in media on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Authors: KYOYA Takahito , ISHIDA Aiko , NAKASHIMA Kazuki , NAKAJIMA Ikuyo , TOYODA Atsushi , NAKAMURA Yutaka , KATSUMATA Masaya
Published: April 2011

Intramuscular fat content is increased by feeding of low lysine diets in pigs. Reduction in dietary lysine intake results in low plasma lysine concentration and low cytosolic lysine concentration in skeletal muscles. From these observations, we hypothesized that low plasma lysine concentration in pigs fed on low lysine diets reduced supply of lysine from blood circulation to preadipocytes, and this limited supply of lysine might promote adipocyte differentiation in porcine muscles. In order to verify the hypothesis, we investigated the effects of low concentrations of lysine in culture medium on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Low concentration of lysine suppressed lipid accumulation and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase. mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were lower in cells cultured in low lysine medium. On the other hand, mRNA and protein expressions of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ were not inhibited by low concentrations of lysine in culture medium. These results indicate that low lysine concentrations in culture medium inhibit differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes through inhibiting the mRNA expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα.
Minnesota Nurses' Perceptions of Nursing Diagnoses
Authors: Halverson Erika L. , Beetcher Erika L. , Scherb Cindy A. , Olsen Gayle , Frost Marlene , Orth Kathy
Published: April 2011

PURPOSE.  The study aims to identify Minnesota nurses' perceptions regarding nursing diagnoses and to examine how these perceptions have changed over time.

METHODS.  Five hundred sixty‐four out of 2,000 randomly selected registered nurses in Minnesota responded to the Perceptions of Nursing Diagnosis Survey.

FINDINGS.  Nurses have neutral to slightly negative perceptions of nursing diagnoses. These results differ slightly from the results of the original study which demonstrated neutral to slightly positive perceptions.

IMPLICATIONS.  After 30 years of use, it is concerning that more than half of nurses surveyed have a negative perception of nursing diagnosis. Consideration should be given to methods that facilitate the use of nursing diagnoses in practice, improvement of diagnostic language, or a more accepted method of planning patient care.
The causal connection between disc and power-law variability in hard state black hole X-ray binaries
Authors: Uttley P. , Wilkinson T. , Cassatella P. , Wilms J. , Pottschmidt K. , Hanke M. , Böck M.
Published: April 2011

We use the XMM-Newton EPIC-pn instrument in timing mode to extend spectral time-lag studies of hard state black hole X-ray binaries into the soft X-ray band. We show that variations of the disc blackbody emission substantially lead variations in the power-law emission, by tenths of a second on variability time-scales of seconds or longer. The large lags cannot be explained by Compton scattering but are consistent with time delays due to viscous propagation of mass accretion fluctuations in the disc. However, on time-scales less than a second the disc lags the power-law variations by a few milliseconds, consistent with the disc variations being dominated by X-ray heating by the power law, with the short lag corresponding to the light traveltime between the power-law emitting region and the disc. Our results indicate that instabilities in the accretion disc are responsible for continuum variability on time-scales of seconds or longer and probably also on shorter time-scales.
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS DECREASES SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INVASION IN VIVO
Authors: NAKAZATO G. , PAGANELLI F.L. , LAGO J.C. , AOKI F.H. , MOBILON C. , BROCCHI M. , STEHLING E.G. , SILVEIRA W.D.
Published: April 2011

The use of probiotics has been suggested to strengthen the non‐immunological anti‐infective defenses of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteropathogenic bacterial species are common infectious agents in underdeveloped countries. Among these bacteria, Salmonella enterica, the etiological agent of salmonellosis, is considered to be an important agent of diarrheal and systemic disease. In this work, attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was tested with BALB/c mice treated with Lactobacillus acidophilus strain ATCC 314. A capability of Lactobacillus adhesion to in vitro cultured cells and a significant decrease in the colony‐forming units of Salmonella in the Peyer's patches and spleen of lactobacilli‐treated mice demonstrated that Lactobacillus interferes with the adhesion, invasion and dissemination processes caused by Salmonella in this murine model, suggesting that the Lactobacillus strain could act as a probiotic agent attenuating the severity of salmonellosis. This work may contribute to studies involving probiotics on the prevention of Salmonella infections.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The data indicate that lactobacilli strains may be an alternative prevention against Salmonella infections by contaminated foods. The competitive adhesion and exclusion of a probiotic strain with a pathogen are involved processes in the action of the probiotics in the combat of the intestinal infections. Our results showed that lactobacilli decreased the number of invaders salmonella bacteria in vivo. The action of probiotics using lactobacilli showed beneficial effect on infection of mice by Salmonella. These results contribute for the studies involving probiotics' activities and pathogenicity of enteric diseases.
Discovery of Potential Integrin VLA‐4 Antagonists Using Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Thangapandian Sundarapandian , John Shalini , Sakkiah Sugunadevi , Lee Keun Woo
Published: April 2011

Very late antigen‐4 (VLA‐4) is an integrin protein, and its antagonists are useful as anti‐inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study is to discover novel virtual lead compounds to use them in designing potent VLA‐4 antagonists. A best pharmacophore model was generated with correlation coefficient of 0.935, large cost difference of 114.078, comprising two hydrogen bond acceptors and three hydrophobic features. It was further validated and used in database screening for potential VLA‐4 antagonists. A homology model of VLA‐4 was built and employed in molecular docking of screened hit compounds. Finally, two compounds were identified as potential virtual leads to be deployed in the designing of novel potent VLA‐4 antagonists.
Cognitive Appraisals of Specialty Mental Health Services and Their Relation to Mental Health Service Utilization in the Rural Population
Authors: Deen Tisha L. , Bridges Ana J. , McGahan Tara C. , Andrews III Arthur R.
Published: April 2011

Abstract  Purpose: Rural individuals utilize specialty mental health services (eg, psychiatrists, psychologists, counselors, and social workers) at lower rates than their urban counterparts. This study explores whether cognitive appraisals (ie, individual perceptions of need for services, outcome expectancies, and value of a positive therapeutic outcome) of help‐seeking for depression symptoms are related to the utilization of specialty mental health services in a rural sample.

Methods: Demographic and environmental characteristics, cultural barriers, cognitive appraisals, and depression symptoms were assessed in one model predicting specialty mental health service utilization (MHSU) in a rural sample. Three hypotheses were proposed: (1) a higher number of environmental barriers (eg, lack of insurance or transportation) would predict lower specialty mental health service utilization; (2) an increase in cultural barriers (stigma, stoicism, and lack of anonymity) would predict lower specialty mental health utilization; and (3) higher cognitive appraisals of mental health services would predict specialty mental health care utilization beyond the predictive capacities of psychiatric symptoms, demographic variables, environmental barriers, and cultural barriers.

Findings: Current depression symptoms significantly predicted lifetime specialty mental health service utilization. Hypotheses 1 and 2 were not supported: more environmental barriers predicted higher levels of specialty MHSU while cultural barriers did not predict specialty mental health service utilization. Hypothesis 3 was supported: cognitive appraisals significantly predicted specialty mental health service utilization.

Conclusions: It will be important to target perceptions and attitudes about mental health services to reduce disparities in specialty MHSU for the rural population.
Integration of transient receptor potential canonical channels with lipids
Authors: Beech D. J.
Published: April 2011

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are the canonical (C) subset of the TRP proteins, which are widely expressed in mammalian cells. They are thought to be primarily involved in determining calcium and sodium entry and have wide‐ranging functions that include regulation of cell proliferation, motility and contraction. The channels are modulated by a multiplicity of factors, putatively existing as integrators in the plasma membrane. This review considers the sensitivities of TRPC channels to lipids that include diacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, lysophospholipids, oxidized phospholipids, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, cholesterol and some steroidal derivatives and other lipid factors such as gangliosides. Promiscuous and selective lipid sensing have been detected. There appear to be close working relationships with lipids of the phospholipase C and A2 enzyme systems, which may enable integration with receptor signalling and membrane stretch. There are differences in the properties of each TRPC channel that are further complicated by TRPC heteromultimerization. The lipids modulate activity of the channels or insertion in the plasma membrane. Lipid microenvironments and intermediate sensing proteins have been described that include caveolae, G protein signalling, SEC14‐like and spectrin‐type domains 1 (SESTD1) and podocin. The data suggest that lipid sensing is an important aspect of TRPC channel biology enabling integration with other signalling systems.
The Relationship of Intimate Partner Aggression to Head Injury, Executive Functioning, and Intelligence
Authors: Walling Sherry M. , Meehan Jeffrey C. , Marshall Amy D. , Holtzworth‐Munroe Amy , Taft Casey T.
Published: April 2011

Measures of head injury, executive functioning, and intelligence were given to a community sample composed of 102 male perpetrators of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and 62 nonaggressive men. A history of head injury and lower mean score on a measure of verbal intelligence were associated with the frequency of male‐perpetrated physical IPA as reported by male perpetrators and their female partners. Lower mean scores on a measure of verbal intelligence also predicted frequency of psychological IPA perpetration. Using the perpetrator subtypes outlined by Holtzworth‐Munroe et al. (2000), analyses revealed that compared with other groups, the most severely aggressive subtypes (i.e., borderline‐dysphoric and generally violent‐antisocial) were the most likely to report a history of head injury and to have significantly lower mean scores on a neuropsychological test of verbal intelligence. The possible role of neuropsychological factors in IPA perpetration and implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
The Evidence for the Management of Deep Infection after Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Smith Christopher D. , Corner Tony , Modi Chetan S. , Drew Steve
Published: April 2011

The incidence of deep wound infection following rotator cuff repair is rare, although it can cause significant problems with respect to diagnosis and treatment. Sub-optimal management may result in the loss of the chondral surfaces, the rotator cuff and the deltoid musculature, and also result in septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. This review presents data from 10,457 rotator cuff repairs with 92 confirmed deep wound infections. It discusses the rate and presentation of infections, as well as the bacteria involved and the treatment used. From this, a set of principles to guide best practice is proposed.
Emerging Migrant Churches in the Netherlands: Missiological challenges and mission frontiers
Authors: Noort Gerrit
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Emerging migrant churches in the Netherlands are a visible sign of a changed society. These changes demand rethinking of missiological challenges and “mission frontiers”. In this process sentiments of the Dutch population towards immigrants need to be addressed. Since the murders of right‐wing politician Pim Fortuyn and film producer Theo van Gogh, existing tensions in society and feelings of fear can neither be neglected nor downplayed. Referring to three examples of newly emerged multicultural churches, the author comments on how these communities shape their church and mission. He argues that migrant churches are missional by definition in their focus on internal, external or common mission. In discussing the response to migrant's theologies, he argues that true dialogue is often precluded by reductionist tendencies. More opportunities for theological training of the leadership of migrant churches, on their own terms, are mentioned as an important challenge. Defining one's own Christian identity anew in the changed context is seen as vital for true dialogue and connectedness.
Multicultural Ministry: A Call to Act Justly!1
Authors: Tahaafe‐Williams Katalina
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The roots of modern thinking about freedom, justice, and human rights are also those of racism and racial superiority and inferiority. Yet the Christian vision, even in New Testament times, was of a multicultural, multi‐ethnic, inclusive community of justice. The author explores the concrete ecclesial implications of such a multicultural vision for witness, liturgy, distribution of power, and critical appropriation of ethnic and cultural traditions.
New Church Rising
Authors: Kim Jin S.
Published: April 2011

Abstract
I had the privilege of participating as a Campbell Scholar at Columbia Theological Seminary in Atlanta with a group of theologians from Kenya, Egypt, Argentina, Jamaica and the US. The theme for our eight weeks together was “The Mission of the Church in an Age of Uprooted People”. This intensive time of dialogue and study helped clarify how the church as a whole has been uprooted from God's desired unity, and provided the space to reflect on the future of the global church from a congregational perspective. The result is this paper in which I explore the present state of Presbyterianism, Protestant denominationalism, and the church as a whole, while also envisioning new paths forward in our global, multicultural age.