bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social frailty is independently associated with geriatric depression among older adults living in northern Japan: A cross‐sectional study of ORANGE registry
Authors: Kume Yu , Kodama Ayuto , Takahashi Tomoko , Lee Sangyoon , Makizako Hyuma , Ono Tsuyosi , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ota Hidetaka
Published: December 2021

Aim

To clarify prevalence of social frailty among older adults living in a rural Japanese community, and factors associated with social frailty status.

Methods

In total, 322 adults aged ≥65 years living in a Japanese rural community took part in the study from 2018 to 2020. Social frailty was defined as deficiencies of: (i) living alone; (ii) talking with someone every day; (iii) feeling helpful to friends or family; (iv) going out less frequently compared with last year; and (v) visiting friends sometimes. Social frail status was categorized as robust (0), social prefrail (1), and social frail (≥2), according to the summated score of Makizako's criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to clarify factors associated with social frailty status.

Results

Final samples were classified into 68 persons with social frailty, 98 persons with social prefrailty and 147 persons as robust. We observed the prevalence of social frailty (21.7%) and social prefrailty (31.3%) and the GDS‐15 had significantly high scores in the social frail groups. Social frailty was significantly associated with the GDS‐15 score (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19–1.49) and TMT‐A (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08) and GDS‐15 (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.26) were extracted as independent variables of social prefrail status, with adjustment for demographics, polypharmacy and lifestyle‐related diseases.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that social frailty tends to be increasing gradually in a Japanese rural area, and social prefrailty might be potentially associated with attentional function, as well as the GDS‐15 score. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 145–151.
LA‐ICP‐MS/MS Single‐Spot Rb‐Sr Dating
Authors: Rösel Delia , Zack Thomas
Published: December 2021

Due to developments in reaction cell technologies, it is now possible to collect large 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr data sets using LA‐ICP‐MS/MS. Until now, LA‐ICP‐MS/MS Rb‐Sr ages were constrained using conventional isochrons on a contiguous set of Rb‐Sr data. In this contribution, we present a straightforward procedure on how to measure, calculate and validate Rb‐Sr ages from individual laser spots even from detrital grains devoid of context. This approach does not only allow provenance studies of detrital micas, but also furthermore opens the opportunity to produce age maps with unprecedented spatial resolution, both for zoned single crystals and targeting different textural domains. The main challenge for calculating single‐spot Rb‐Sr ages is the estimation of the initial 87Sr/86Sr composition, if it cannot be constrained through analysis of a paragenetic phase. In this case, we propose to use a range of geologically relevant initial 87Sr/86Sr compositions rather than one fixed value: (1) 0.703 ± 0.003 (for mantle derived magmatic rocks), (2) 0.715 ± 0.015 (for evolved magmatic rocks) and (3) 0.730 ± 0.030 (for crustal rocks). Modelling shows that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the targeted material delineates the accuracy and precision of single‐spot Rb‐Sr ages. If the measured Sr isotopic composition is sufficiently radiogenic [87Sr/86Sr of > 1.0 for scenario (1) to > 4.5 for scenario (3)], the calculated age and its uncertainty are not significantly influenced by the initial 87Sr/86Sr composition. Using Mica‐Mg as the primary reference material, single‐spot Rb‐Sr dating was tested on biotite (Mount Dromedary, La Posta, McClure Mountain), muscovite (Högsbo) and a nano‐powder tablet (Mica‐Fe) that we further propose using as secondary reference materials for Rb‐Sr geochronology.
Fluoride concentration in dentifrices marketed In Argentina
Authors: Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Sorazabal Ana Laura , Salgado Pablo Andres , Argentieri Angela Beatriz , Squassi Aldo
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine the different forms of fluoride available in dentifrices commercialized in Argentina.

Methods

Thirty three different brands of fluoridated dentifrices were purchased in different cities of Argentina. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (IF) of two samples of each brand were analysed (μg F/ml) by ion‐specific fluorine electrodes.

Results

A total of 67% of dentifrices showed fluoride content that compromises anti‐caries activity. A total of 54.5% was formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), 36.3% formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), 3% NaF associated with MFP and 9% formulated with stannous fluoride (SnF2). The TF found was less than the amount declared by the manufacturer in all the brands analysed. The concentration of TF found in the fluoride dentifrices ranged from 590.3 to 1381.4 μg/ml F, TSF ranged from 343.1 to 1258.3 μg/ml F, and IF ranged from 13.1 to 913 μg/ml F.

Conclusion

The concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were lower than the total fluoride concentration. Most of the samples studied have TSF concentration that compromises anti‐caries effect. Additional studies with a larger number of samples are suggested to obtain more data.
Rapid screening of dengue fever using research parameters from new generation hematological analyzers
Authors: Chhabra Gaurav , Das Bismay , Mishra Shruti , Mishra Baijayantimala
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The early diagnosis of dengue fever and its differentiation from other causes of acute febrile illness is essential for a better outcome. The new generation automated hematology analyzers provide parameters like high fluorescence lymphocyte count (HFLC) and leukocyte cell population data (CPD) representing various leukocytes. We tried to analyze the utility of these parameters in the rapid screening of dengue fever.

Methods

The HFLC and the leukocytic CPD from the Sysmex XN1000 analyzer were obtained for 299 cases presenting with acute febrile illness, which included 97 dengue‐positive and 202 cases dengue‐negative controls. Additionally, 100 healthy controls were also included. The Receiver operative curves (ROC) were drawn to obtain a cut‐off value for these parameters for discriminating among the dengue‐positive and dengue‐negative subgroups and healthy controls.

Results

The dengue‐positive cases showed a significantly increased HFLC among the different groups of controls. The median (range) HFLC% was 1.9(0.30–6.55), 0.20(0.10–0.70), and 0.10(0.0–0.30) in the cases that were positive for dengue, negative for dengue, and healthy controls, respectively. The ROC analysis revealed HFLC% at a cut‐off value of 1.75 which can discriminate between dengue‐positive and dengue‐negative patients, with 52% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 72% positive predictive value (PPV), and 80% negative predictive value (NPV). The regression analysis revealed LY‐X, LY‐Z, Ly‐WX, LY‐WZ, and MO‐X as independent predictors for dengue fever.

Conclusion

The HFLC and CPD obtained from Sysmex XN1000 hematology analyzer are valuable tools in rapidly screening dengue infection from other febrile illnesses in routine practice.
Effect of treatment modality on quality of life among patients with urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Nowroozi Ali , Abbasi Behzad , Amini Erfan , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza , Moghadam Solmaz Ohadian
Published: December 2021

Bladder cancer is the second malignancies of the urinary system and negatively affect the patient's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL of patients with urinary bladder cancer in terms of physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects. From January 2019 to December 2020, a cross‐sectional survey was accomplished using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire to assess QoL of bladder cancer patients in terms of physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects. A multiple linear regression model was developed to assess the associations of clinical and demographic variables and treatment modalities with the QoL domains. No statistically difference between age, and comorbidities (i.e., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and body mass index) and the patients' QoL was observed. There was a significant direct correlation between QoL and health satisfaction (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Neither overall QoL nor satisfaction of health status were correlated with the use of urostomy (p = 0.589 and 0.436, respectively), and domain scores of patients with urostomy were comparable to those without, in all four domains. None of the treatments were associated with a variation in the environment score. Patients who only underwent trans‐urethral resection of bladder tumour had statistically higher scores in the other three domains (i.e., physical, psychological and social relations), while scores of patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) were significantly lower in those domains. Patients who received either chemotherapy or radiotherapy did not differ in any of the domains from those who did not. To conclude, according to the results, the patient‐related factors (e.g., age and comorbidities) were not associated with the individuals' QoL of bladder cancer patients, while disease‐related factors—namely tumour grading and treatment modality—gained statistical significance. Moreover, we found that different QoL domains (physical health and psychological in specific) were highly correlated in our study population.
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive candidiasis in haematology, oncology and intensive care settings, 2021
Authors: Keighley Caitlin , Cooley Louise , Morris Arthur J. , Ritchie David , Clark Julia E. , Boan Peter , Worth Leon J. ,   the Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: December 2021

Patients with haematological malignancies, haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and patients requiring admission to intensive care settings are at high risk for invasive candidiasis (IC). Over the past decade, there has been increased reporting of non‐albicans species and fluconazole resistance in Australia. These guidelines provide updated evidence‐based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of IC in adult and paediatric haematology, oncology and intensive care settings. Optimal pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management are discussed. Recent studies strengthen the recommendation for an echinocandin agent as first‐line therapy for high‐risk patients with IC. Mortality benefit has also been demonstrated for non‐pharmacological management, including removal of central venous catheters, infectious diseases consultation and use of care bundles. Healthcare facilities managing immunocompromised patient populations should therefore adopt implementation strategies for these multimodal interventions.
Psychological experiences of caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with substance use disorder attending a youth centre in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Njoki Lydia Nyaga , Mageto Irene G. , Kivuti‐Bitok Lucy W.
Published: December 2021

Caregivers, whether a biological parent, adoptive parent, or a relative such as a grandparent, of adolescent with substance use disorder (SUD) undergo immense psychological and social strains, as they have to deal with substance habituated issues arising from their adolescent child. Caregivers often encounter many untold experiences while parenting adolescents on substance use. However, there is limited documentation of such experiences. A remarkable proportion of research has focused on adolescent substance use and the experiences of adolescents, whereas little attention has been paid to caregivers. This study explored the psychological experiences of caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with SUD. This was a qualitative study based on in‐depth interviews with 18 caregivers of adolescents with SUD conducted at a Youth Centre located in a national referral hospital and focused on the caregivers’ psychological experiences. Data collected through in‐depth interviews were transcribed and thematically coded. Recurrent themes were analysed and reported. The study identified several themes in the experiences of caregivers of adolescents with SUDs. The main psychological experience was stress, whereas lasting psychological effects as well as difficult social outcomes as a result of substance use by the adolescent child were also identified. This study revealed the complex landscape of psychological turmoil that the caregivers have to navigate while caring for an adolescent diagnosed with SUD.
The specific inhibition of glycerol synthesis and the phosphorylation of a putative Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase give insight into the mechanism of osmotic sensing in a dinoflagellate symbiont
Authors: Suescún‐Bolívar Luis P. , Thomé Patricia E.
Published: December 2021

Signaling pathways are fundamental for the establishment and maintenance of diverse symbioses. The symbiosis of cnidarians and dinoflagellate algae is the foundation for the ecological success of coral reefs, involving the transfer of photosynthetic products from the symbiont to host. However, signal transduction pathways for this symbiosis remain uncharacterized. Cultured and natural cnidarian symbionts can produce glycerol, one of the main translocated photosynthates. Here, we investigate whether a signal transduction pathway may be involved in inducing glycerol synthesis in cultured symbionts under an osmotic stress model. We evaluated the effect of specific inhibitors of the main transduction pathways, p38, JNK, and ERK 1/2 in Brevolium minutum, the symbiont of the Aiptasia model system. We found that glycerol production and the specific activity of the enzyme Gpdh were selectively inhibited by a p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. Additionally, the phosphorylation of a putative p38‐like protein was rapidly detected. Finally, we studied the presence of each of the components of the p38 MAPK pathway in silico in genomes and transcriptomes reported up to date for different symbiont types. We propose a model for the arrangement of this pathway in the family of dinoflagellate symbionts known as Symbiodiniaceae.
Framing the time while designing and conducting reviews: A Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Mansutti Irene , Visintini Erica , Caruzzo Davide , Moreale Renzo , Longhini Jessica , Danielis Matteo
Published: December 2021

Aims and Objectives

To identify the profile of time restrictions and their justifications as reported on a set of published reviews.

Background

There is a body of methodological knowledge addressing how to design and perform reviews in their different designs. However, how the time restrictions should be set and the justifications that should be provided have received limited attention to date.

Design

A Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis following three steps (Focus, Mapping and Synthesis) was performed on 2021. The ENTREQ checklist was followed to report methods and findings.

Methods

All Journal of Clinical Nursing reviews published in online or printed version on 2020 (n = 85). Time limits imposed in the literature search, and justifications provided were mapped and synthetised with quantitative and a qualitative analysis.

Results

Time restrictions in reviews are not always reported and, when available, reflect three different profiles: (a) including all studies, to provide a comprehensive review; (b) selecting a period, to provide reviews for a contemporary practice; and (b) including only recent studies for reviews reflecting current practice. Reasons justifying time restrictions are not always reported; when documented, justifications regard changes in the practice, in the research or in the theory occurred over time, recent or ongoing.

Conclusions

In exploring the date restrictions applied in reviews published over the course of a year, it emerged that the time of access to the sources and the justifications are not always indicated. The attributes of the emerging concepts of “comprehensive reviews,” “contemporary practice reviews” and “current practice reviews” might be further developed to support researchers in selecting an appropriate time frame.

Relevance to clinical practice

Reviews require improvements regarding the time restrictions and their justifications. Methodological efforts to standardise the approach ensuring transparency in review protocols and in the following review publication are recommended.
Fine‐tuning of pathogenesis‐related protein 1 (PR1) activity by the melatonin biosynthetic enzyme ASMT2 in defense response to cassava bacterial blight
Authors: Guo Jingru , Bai Yujing , Wei Yunxie , Dong Yabin , Zeng Hongqiu , Reiter Russel J. , Shi Haitao
Published: December 2021

Melatonin is widely involved in plant disease resistance through modulation of immune responses. Pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins play important roles in plant immune responses. However, the direct association between melatonin biosynthetic enzyme and PR protein remains elusive in plants. In this study, we found that N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2) physically interacted with MePR1 in vitro and in vivo, thereby promoting the anti‐bacterial activity of MePR1 against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Consistently, MeASMT2 improved the effect of MePR1 on positively regulating cassava disease resistance. In addition, we found that type 2C protein phosphatase 1 (MePP2C1) interacted with MeASMT2 to interfere with MePR1‐MeASMT2 interaction, so as to inhibiting the effect of MeASMT2 and MePR1 on positively regulating cassava disease resistance. In contrast to the increased transcripts of MeASMT2 and MePR1 in response to Xam infection, the transcript of MePP2C1 was decreased upon Xam infection. Therefore, disease activated MeASMT2 was released from disease inhibited MePP2C1, so as to improving the anti‐bacterial activity of MePR1, resulting in improved immune response. In summary, this study illustrates the dynamic modulation of the MePP2C1‐MeASMT2‐MePR1 module on cassava defense response against cassava bacterial blight (CBB), extending the understanding of the correlation between melatonin biosynthetic enzyme and PR in plants.
Off‐tenofovir hepatitis flares in HBeAg‐negative patients occur earlier, more frequent and severe than those off‐entecavir therapies
Authors: Liu Yen‐Chun , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Peng Chien‐Wei , Chien Rong‐Nan , Liaw Yun‐Fan
Published: December 2021

Background & Aims

Clinical relapse occurs much earlier and more frequently in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after stopping tenofovir (TDF) therapy than those off‐entecavir (ETV). Clinical relapse may subside or progress to hepatitis flare which poses a safety concern. This study compared the incidence, timing and severity of hepatitis flares after stopping TDF and ETV.

Methods

HBeAg‐negative CHB patients who had stopped ETV or TDF were included in the study. Off‐therapy hepatitis flare patterns were compared between off‐ETV and off‐TDF patients before and after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

The off‐therapy hepatitis flares occurred more frequently (2‐year: 58% vs 38%, P < .001) and much earlier (12 vs. 38 weeks, P < .001) in TDF group, with higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (after PSM: 536 vs. 419 U/L, P = .020) and two times rate of hepatic decompensation (4.0% vs. 2.1%, P = .322). The cirrhotic status [aHR: 20.531 (2.645‐159.365), P = .004] and off‐TDF [aHR: 5.530 (1.728‐17.694), P = .004] were two independent predictors for hepatic decompensation.

Conclusions

Hepatitis flare occurred more frequently, earlier, and more severe in off‐TDF than off‐ETV patients. More stringent off‐therapy monitoring within 6 months off‐TDF is mandatory whereas more attention is needed after 6 months off‐ETV.
Skin microvascular reactivity and subendocardial viability ratio in relation to dyslipidemia and signs of insulin resistance in non‐diabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: Jekell Andreas , Kalani Majid , Kahan Thomas
Published: December 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance for the development of microvascular dysfunction in non‐diabetic primary hypertension.

Methods

Seventy‐one patients with untreated primary hypertension were included. Skin microvascular reactivity was evaluated by laser Doppler fluxmetry with iontophoresis (acetylcholine, ACh and sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and heat‐induced hyperemia. Myocardial microvascular function was estimated by the subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) calculated from pulse wave analysis and applanation tonometry. Triglyceride x glucose (TyG index) and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio were used as measurements of insulin resistance.

Results

Skin microvascular dysfunction was associated with low HDL cholesterol, where Ach‐mediated peak flux (r = .27, p = .025) and heat‐induced peak flux (r = .29, p = .017) related to HDL cholesterol levels. ACh peak flux was inversely related to TG/HDL ratio (r = –.29, p = .016), while responses to local heating and SNP did not. SEVR did not relate to HDL and was unrelated to markers of insulin resistance. These findings were confirmed by multivariable analyses, including potential confounders.

Conclusions

Early microvascular dysfunction can be detected in non‐diabetic hypertensive patients and is related to dyslipidemia and to signs of insulin resistance, thus predicting future cardiovascular risk.
Epigenomics in trees: decoding the plastic lives of mangroves
Authors: Johannes Frank
Published: December 2021

This article is a Commentary on Miryeganeh et al. (2022), 233: 2094–2110.
Sustainable agriculture supply chain network design considering water‐energy‐food nexus using queuing system: A hybrid robust possibilistic programming
Authors: Baghizadeh Komeyl , Cheikhrouhou Naoufel , Govindan Kannan , Ziyarati Mahboubeh
Published: December 2021

Due to the nature of the agricultural and food industry, the management of production, storage, transportation, waste disposal and environmental effects of their production, are of great importance. To deal with the sustainability issues linked to their supply chains, we propose in this study a mathematical model to design a sustainable supply chain of highly perishable agricultural product (strawberry). The model is a multiperiod, multiproduct multiobjective MINLP mathematical program that takes into consideration economic, social and environmental objectives to cover all aspects of sustainability. In addition, a G/M/S/M queuing system is developed for the transportation of harvested products between facilities for the first time. Since real‐world problems related to industries such as food and agriculture are inherently uncertain, in this model, the important parameters of the problem are considered uncertain using fuzzy sets theory and a hybrid robust possibilistic programming model is developed. In addition, the Epsilon constraint approach converts the multiobjective mathematical model into a single‐objective one and the Lagrangian relaxation method is used to effectively solve the model on a large scale. A case study in Iran is provided to investigate the results and discuss the solutions. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the impacts of important parameters on the solution. According to the analysis, equipping greenhouses with drip irrigation system and using solar panels in greenhouses, respectively, have the greatest impact on improving all target functions.

Recommendations for Resource Managers

Multiobjective optimization shows trade‐offs among conflicting objective function and assists decision‐making to enhance sustainable agriculture industry.

Focus on transportation system in fresh product will lead to less waste.

The use of solar panels and drip irrigation helps to minimize water and energy consumption and CO2 emission.
Anatomical Evaluation of Spinal Nerve and Cervical Intervertebral Foramina in Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion Surgery: A Cadaveric and Radiologic Study
Authors: Kong Qing‐Jie , Sun Xiao‐Fei , Fu Zhi‐Yi , Wang Yuan , Sun Jing‐Chuan , Sun Pei‐Dong , Xu Xi‐Ming , Guo Yong‐Fei , Ou‐yang Jun , Zhong Shi‐Zhen , Shi Jian‐Gang
Published: December 2021

Objective

To achieve the anatomical evaluation of spinal nerve and cervical intervertebral foramina in anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) surgery, a novel surgical technique with the wider decompression, through a cadaveric and radiologic study.

Methods

Radiographic data of consecutive 47 patients (21 by ACAF and 26 by anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion [ACCF]) who have accepted surgery for treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) and stenosis from March 2017 to March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and compared between an ACAF group and ACCF group. Three postoperative radiographic parameters were evaluated: the decompression width and the satisfaction rate of decompression at the entrance zone of intervertebral foramina on computed tomography (CT), and the transverse diameter of spinal cord in the decompression levels on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the anatomic study, three fresh cadaveric spines (death within 3 months) undergoing ACAF surgery were also studied. Four anatomic parameters were evaluated: the width of groove, the distance between the bilateral origins of ventral rootlets, the length of ventral rootlet from their origin to the intervertebral foramina, the descending angle of ventral rootlet.

Results

The groove created in ACAF surgery included the bilateral origins of ventral rootlets. The rootlets tended to be vertical from the rostral to the caudal direction as their takeoff points from the central thecal sac became higher and farther away from their corresponding intervertebral foramina gradually. No differences were identified between left and right in terms of the length of ventral rootlet from the origin to the intervertebral foramina and the descending angle of ventral rootlet. The decompression width was significantly greater in ACAF group (19.2 ± 1.2 vs 14.7 ± 1.2, 21.3 ± 2.2 vs 15.4 ± 0.9, 21.5 ± 2.1 vs 15.7 ± 1.0, 21.9 ± 1.6 vs 15.9 ± 0.8, from C3 to C6). The satisfactory rate of decompression at the entrance zone of intervertebral foramina tended to be better in the left side in ACAF group (significant differences were identified in the left side at C3/4, C4/5, C6/7 level, and in the right side at C4/5 level when compared with ACCF). And decompression width was significantly greater than the transverse diameter of spinal cord in ACAF group. Comparatively, there existed no significant difference in the ACCF group besides the C5 level.

Conclusion

ACAF can decompress the entrance zone of intervertebral foramina effectively and its decompression width includes the origins and massive running part of bilateral ventral rootlets. Due to its wider decompression range, ACAF can be used as a revision strategy for the patients with failed ACCF.
A fatal case of malignant atrophic papulosis in a pediatric patient
Authors: Schaefer Lauren S. , Wampler Muskardin Theresa , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Wieland Carilyn , Tollefson Megha M.
Published: December 2021

A 17‐year‐old Caucasian boy presented with progressive left‐sided weakness, transient slurred speech, and skin lesions characterized by 3‐5 mm, pink, asymptomatic papules with white atrophic centers on his central abdomen, back, and lower extremities. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant atrophic papulosis, a rare vasculopathy that leads to the occlusion of small‐ and medium‐sized arteries. He was treated with cyclophosphamide, eculizumab, treprostinil, pentoxifylline, heparin, and acetylsalicylic acid. Despite the aggressive immunosuppression, humanized monoclonal antibodies, and antiplatelet therapy, he died two months after presentation. We report this case to highlight diagnostic features, as well as to highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
R&D employee training, the stock of technological knowledge, and R&D productivity
Authors: Kim Donggyu , Lee Chang‐Yang
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the conditioning role of R&D employee training in the effect of the stock of technological knowledge on firm R&D productivity. We suggest that the development of R&D human capital through training enhances firm‐specific technological competence, thereby enabling firms to better utilize their stock of technological knowledge as a source of technological opportunities. Specifically, while a trap of path dependency may hamper the proper utilization of the firm‐specific stock of technological knowledge, R&D employee training reinforces the standing‐on‐the‐shoulders effect of the stock of technological knowledge, thereby offsetting, at least partially, its fishing‐out effect due to depleting technological opportunities. Using panel data of Korean manufacturing firms, we show that R&D employee training positively moderates the effect of the stock of technological knowledge on firm R&D productivity. Furthermore, we suggest several factors that influence the positive moderating effect of R&D employee training such as the degree of knowledge sharing among R&D employees within each firm, the strength of industry R&D appropriability, and the industry R&D intensity.
How to explain the possibility of wholesale moral error: a reply to Akhlaghi
Authors: Evers Daan
Published: December 2021

Farbod Akhlaghi has argued that noncognitivists and naturalists cannot explain the epistemic possibility of wholesale moral error. He thinks this shows that noncognitivism and naturalism are false. I argue that noncognitivists and naturalists have no trouble explaining the epistemic possibility of wholesale moral error and that the requirement to explain this possibility is plausible only on one particular conception of epistemic possibility.
Targeting regulatory T cells in anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhulai Galina , Oleinik Eugenia
Published: December 2021

The programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand (PD‐L) pathway and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Their activation in the tumour microenvironment contributes to the evasion of the transformed cells from the immune surveillance and the suppression of an antitumour immune response. Therefore, PD‐1/PD‐L1 and Tregs are important targets for cancer immunotherapy. Our review focuses on the current role of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in Treg development and function in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss combination therapy with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and Treg‐modulating agents affecting the adenosinergic pathway, TGF‐β signalling, immune checkpoints and other approaches to downregulation of Tregs.
Research on tactile perception by skin friction based on a multimodal method
Authors: Chen Si , Qiao Xiaoqi , Yang Jianan , Ru Weimin , Tang Wei , Zhang Sheng
Published: December 2021

Background

Tactile perception is an essential function of skin. As this research involves many fields, such as skin friction, psychology, and neuroscience, the achievement tactile perception is scattered in various fields with different research methods. Therefore, it is necessary to study the whole tactile loop in a multimodal way, synchronizing all tactile information.

Materials and methods

To measure information from touch to haptics, we developed a specially designed measuring platform connecting to an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording system. Sandpapers with different roughness were used as samples. First, the surface properties were measured in tribological experiments. Second, psychophysical experiments were conducted to assess the volunteers’ cognition of samples’ roughness. Third, the mechanical parameters and EEG were measured at the same time during fingertip sliding on samples. Then, the data of all four tactile elements were processed and analyzed separately. The characteristic features were extracted from those data in the time‐frequency domain. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient was calculated in the pairwise comparison of each element to evaluate the feasibility of the multimodal method in the study of tactile perception.

Results

The 600‐mesh sandpaper has the largest Ra, Rz, Rsm, and particle size. The normal load, friction force, spectral centroid, and α‐ and β‐wave energy ratios of EEG at chosen electrodes have significant differences and correlations between 3000‐ and 600‐mesh sandpaper in general.

Conclusion

This multimodal method could be used in the study of tactile perception, which is a comprehensive way to observe the whole tactile loop from multiple perspectives.
Using a video presentation on variance and covariance in the teaching of statistics
Authors: Austerschmidt Kim L. , Stappert Alexander , Heusel Hanna , Bebermeier Sarah
Published: December 2021

We outline the use and evaluation of a video presentation about variance and covariance developed to motivate students to process the topics and to enhance their skills. We outline the structure and the content of the video presentation and present data of an evaluation study. Students in different subjects who must pass statistics courses (N = 114) participated in an online survey with randomized controlled design and repeated measurement. Results indicate that students who watched the video presentation significantly improved on their skills, compared to a control group reading a textbook section about the same topics. The video presentation was judged as more satisfying and useful for learning than the text. We discuss application scenarios and further teaching implications. Ideally a longitudinal study should investigate effects of continuous learning with video presentations, changes in motivation, anxiety, and attitudes as well as effects for students of different subjects.
Outcomes of dogs with thymoma treated with intensity modulated stereotactic body radiation therapy or non‐modulated hypofractionated radiation therapy
Authors: Trageser Erin , Martin Tiffany , Hoaglund Elizabeth , Leary Del , LaRue Susan , Boss Mary‐Keara
Published: December 2021

Canine thymomas are routinely treated with radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we investigate the response and toxicity of canine thymoma treated with intensity‐modulated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) relative to dogs treated with hypofractionated non‐modulated radiation therapy (NMRT). A retrospective study was performed of dogs with thymoma treated with RT (total: n = 15; SBRT: n = 8, NMRT: n = 7). Tumour response was evaluated in six dogs (40%); following SBRT, three dogs (100%) experienced stable disease (SD); following NMRT, one dog (33%) had a PR, and two dogs (67%) had SD. Median PFS was 116 days (range 66–727 days) for the SBRT group and 134 days (range 10–405 days) for the NMRT group. The MST for the SBRT group was 250 days (range 1–727 days) and 155 days (range 10–405 days) for NMRT. Median disease‐specific survival was 250 days (range 1–727 days) for the SBRT group and 169 days (range 20–405 days) for the NMRT group. No significant differences in survival data were found between the treatment groups, however the results from the small number of dogs analysed are likely underpowered for statistical comparisons. Reported acute and late side effects were limited to the lungs and heart and were statistically significantly more common in the NMRT (71%) compared to the SBRT group (25%) (p = .04). We suggest similar treatment efficacy may be provided for canine thymoma treated with either approach, but SBRT could provide the clinical benefit of reduced incidence of radiation‐induced toxicity and completion of RT in a shorter time frame.
Anthropic Influences on the Quality of Underground Waters for Human Consumption in Russas, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Sousa Joyce Shantala Fernandes de Oliveira , Gadelha Amanda Aragão Moraes , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos , Silva Neto Cláudio Ângelo da , Salgueiro Ana Rita , Cavalcante Itabaraci Nazareno
Published: December 2021

In regions with semi-arid characteristics, groundwater is a precious source of water supply, mainly from alluvium, due to the decent quality of its waters. However, the sandy texture favors vulnerability, and the infiltration and percolation of fluids increase the risk of contamination of the aquifer in the presence of polluting sources. The population’s knowledge about these problems is still ephemeral, which can lead to the consumption of contaminated water, putting health at risk. Thus, research was conducted in the municipality of Russas – Ceará, to study the quality of groundwater, the possible polluting sources in the urban area, and assess the possible risks to human health. First, technical visits for reconnaissance and survey of information were conducted, such as possible polluting sources and situations of existing wells. The selection of wells to collect water followed criteria of proximity to polluting sources, well conditions, and, mainly, those linked to the use of water for human consumption. The result showed that 43% of the samples are above the limits proved by Brazilian legislation for turbidity, total hardness, TDS, sodium, chloride, and nitrate, while the others are withinthe standard. Concerning chlorides and nitrates, the concentrations show there is possibly a relationship with anthropic contaminants(agricultural area; domestic effluents) for the aquifer recharge areas and condition common problems to human health. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to continue research in Medical Geology that will enable the monitoring and future management of water quality of groundwater for the population.
Three-Dimensional Permeability of Thick-Section Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Composite by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding
Authors: Pedneau Ethan R. , Wang Su Su
Published: December 2021

Determination of permeability of thick-section glass fabric preforms with fabric layers of different architectures is critical for manufacturing large, thick composite structures with complex geometry, such as wind turbine blades. The thick-section reinforcement permeability is inherently three-dimensional and needs to be obtained for accurate composite processing modeling and analysis. Numerical simulation of the liquid stage of vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) is important to advance the composite manufacturing process and reduce processing-induced defects. In this research, the 3D permeability of thick-section E-glass fabric reinforcement preforms is determined, and the results are validated by a comparison between flow front progressions from experiments and from numerical simulations using ansys fluent software. The orientation of the principal permeability axes were unknown prior to experiments. The approach used in this research differs from those in literature in that the through-thickness permeability is determined as a function of flow front positions along the principal axes and the in-plane permeabilities and is not dependent on the inlet radius. The approach was tested on reinforcements with fabric architectures which vary through-the-thickness direction, such as those in a spar cap of a wind turbine blade. The computational simulations of the flow-front progression through-the-thickness were consistent with experimental observations.
Ultrasound in situ characterization of hybrid additively manufactured Ti6Al4V
Authors: Sotelo Luz D. , Karunakaran Rakesh , Pratt Cody S. , Sealy Michael P. , Turner Joseph A.
Published: December 2021

A major barrier for the full utilization of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is quality control. Additionally, in situ real time nondestructive monitoring is desirable due to the typical high value and low volume of components manufactured with metal AM. Depending on the application, characteristics such as the geometrical accuracy, porosity, defect size and content, and material properties are quantities of interest for in situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE). In particular, functionally tailored components made with hybrid processing require quantitative NDE of their microstructure and elastic properties. Ultrasonic NDE is able to quantify these relevant characteristics. In this work, an ultrasonic measurement system is used to collect in situ real time measurements during the manufacturing of samples made with a hybrid process, which combines directed energy deposition with milling. In addition to quantifying ultrasonic properties, the measurements are used to gather insight on other geometry, material, and process effects. The results show the utility of ultrasound to evaluate relevant properties during manufacturing of a functionalized material domain, while providing perspective on additional material evolution information obtained from ultrasonic signals.
Achieving a Socially Just Society: Kinesiology’s Role and Responsibility in Disrupting the Status Quo
Authors: DePauw Karen P.
Published: December 2021

Social justice can be defined in different ways, but the principles providing the foundation/framework include access, equity, and fairness; respect for diversity; participation/engagement; and basic human rights. As an academic discipline and professional practice (field), kinesiology has an important role to play in achieving a socially just society. Social change is about not only disrupting the status quo, but also transformational change and moving toward access, equity, and inclusion. Three narratives reflect upon the ways in which kinesiology and adapted physical activity have disrupted—and must continue to disrupt—the status quo to progress toward a socially just society: reflections of marginality, sport, and social constructs of body and ability; ableism and evolution of adapted physical activity; kinesiology and its responsibility for a sustainable future and socially just society. Although progress has been made, there is still more work to be done.
Molecular origins of induction and loss of photoinhibition-related energy dissipation q
I
Authors: Nawrocki Wojciech J. , Liu Xin , Raber Bailey , Hu Chen , de Vitry Catherine , Bennett Doran I. G. , Croce Roberta
Published: December 2021

Damaged photosystem II reaction centers are the site of photoinhibition-related energy dissipation.
Terrestrial planet formation from lost inner solar system material
Authors: Burkhardt Christoph , Spitzer Fridolin , Morbidelli Alessandro , Budde Gerrit , Render Jan H. , Kruijer Thomas S. , Kleine Thorsten
Published: December 2021

An integrated assessment of isotopic variations among meteorites reveals the process by which Earth and Mars are formed.
Delta glutamate receptors are functional glycine- and ᴅ-serine–gated cation channels in situ
Authors: Carrillo Elisa , Gonzalez Cuauhtemoc U. , Berka Vladimir , Jayaraman Vasanthi
Published: December 2021

The synaptic proteins cerebellin-1 and neurexin-1β permit ion channel activity in delta subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Single cycloparaphenylene molecule devices: Achieving large conductance modulation via tuning radial π-conjugation
Authors: Lv Yaxin , Lin Junfeng , Song Kai , Song Xuwei , Zang Hongjun , Zang Yaping , Zhu Daoben
Published: December 2021

Conjugated marcocycles cycloparaphenylenes can be used to make single-molecule devices with highly tunable conductivity.
Spin-triplet superconductivity in K
2
Cr
3
As
3
Authors: Yang Jie , Luo Jun , Yi Changjiang , Shi Youguo , Zhou Yi , Zheng Guo-qing
Published: December 2021

A spin-triplet superconductor with ferromagnetic spin fluctuation superconducts at a critical temperature of 6.5 K.
Glutamine promotes antibiotic uptake to kill multidrug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria
Authors: Zhao Xian-liang , Chen Zhuang-gui , Yang Tian-ci , Jiang Ming , Wang Jie , Cheng Zhi-xue , Yang Man-jun , Zhu Jia-xin , Zhang Tian-tuo , Li Hui , Peng Bo , Peng Xuan-xian
Published: December 2021

Multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli
metabolomes are reprogrammed by glutamine to be sensitive to ampicillin in vitro and in vivo.
Impacts of UV-C Irradiation on Marine Biofilm Community Succession
Authors: Naik Abhishek , Smithers Mark , Moisander Pia H.
Published: December 2021

Marine biofilms regulate processes ranging from organic matter and pollutant turnover to eukaryotic settlement and growth. Biofilm growth and eukaryotic settlement interfering with human activities via growth on ship hulls, aquaculture operations, or other marine infrastructure are called “biofouling.” There is a need to develop sustainable antifouling techniques by minimizing impacts to surrounding biota.
A Hybrid Soluble gp130/Spike-Nanobody Fusion Protein Simultaneously Blocks Interleukin-6
trans
-Signaling and Cellular Infection with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ettich Julia , Werner Julia , Weitz Hendrik T. , Mueller Eva , Schwarzer Roland , Lang Philipp A. , Scheller Jürgen , Moll Jens M.
Published: December 2021

The availability of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is a large step forward in managing the pandemic situation. In addition, therapeutic options, e.g., monoclonal antibodies to prevent viral cell entry and anti-inflammatory therapies, including glucocorticoid treatment, are currently developed or in clinical use to treat already infected patients.
EPSP Synthase-Depleted Cells Are Aromatic Amino Acid Auxotrophs in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Duque-Villegas Mario Alejandro , Abbadi Bruno Lopes , Romero Paulo Ricardo , Matter Letícia Beatriz , Galina Luiza , Dalberto Pedro Ferrari , Rodrigues-Junior Valnês da Silva , Ducati Rodrigo Gay , Roth Candida Deves , Rambo Raoní Scheibler , de Souza Eduardo Vieira , Perello Marcia Alberton , Morbidoni Héctor Ricardo , Machado Pablo , Basso Luiz Augusto , Bizarro Cristiano Valim
Published: December 2021

We found that cells from
Mycobacterium smegmatis
, a model organism safer and easier to study than the disease-causing mycobacterial species, when depleted of an enzyme from the shikimate pathway, are auxotrophic for the three aromatic amino acids (AroAAs) that serve as building blocks of cellular proteins:
l-
tryptophan,
l
-phenylalanine, and
l
-tyrosine. That supplementation with only AroAAs is sufficient to rescue viable cells with the shikimate pathway inactivated was unexpected, since this pathway produces an end product, chorismate, that is the starting compound of essential pathways other than the ones that produce AroAAs.
Biosafety and Proteome Profiles of Different Heat Inactivation Methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Cheng-Hui , Putri Denise Utami , Lee Jau-Ching , Liao Chi-Chih , Tsao Sung-tzu , Hsiao Ai-Lin , Wu Jhao-Hui , Chen Xiao-Wei , Lee Chih-Hsin , Tsai I-Lin
Published: December 2021

Inactivation of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is an important step to guarantee biosafety for subsequent
M. tuberculosis
identification and related research, notably in areas of endemicity with minimal resources. However, certain biomolecules might be denatured or hydrolyzed because of the harsh inactivation process, and a standardized protocol is yet to be determined.
dnaJ
: a New Approach to Identify Species within the Genus Enterobacter
Authors: Hernandez-Alonso Enrique , Barreault Simon , Augusto Luis A. , Jatteau Pierre , Villet Millie , Tissieres Pierre , Doucet-Populaire Florence , Bourgeois-Nicolaos Nadege
Published: December 2021

We propose a new approach for
Enterobacter
species identification based on the diversity of the gene encoding the heat shock protein DnaJ. This new tool can be easily implemented in clinical laboratories in addition to identification by MALDI-TOF.
Mutasynthetic Production and Antimicrobial Characterization of Darobactin Analogs
Authors: Böhringer Nils , Green Robert , Liu Yang , Mettal Ute , Marner Michael , Modaresi Seyed Majed , Jakob Roman P. , Wuisan Zerlina G. , Maier Timm , Iinishi Akira , Hiller Sebastian , Lewis Kim , Schäberle Till F.
Published: December 2021

Therapeutic options to combat Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are dwindling with increasing antibiotic resistance. This study presents a proof of concept for the heterologous-expression approach to expand on the novel antibiotic class of darobactins and to generate analogs with different activities and pharmacokinetic properties.