bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical soil organic carbon for improving available water content of silt loam soils
Authors: Li Xinhu , Feng Gary , Tewolde Haile , Adeli Ardeshir , Jenkins Johnie N.
Published: December 2024

The effect of soil carbon on the available water content (AWC) has garnered considerable attention. An increasing number of studies have recognized a beneficial impact of soil organic matter (SOM) on available water content (AWC); however, results are not consistent regarding the magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) effect on AWC. In particular, the critical SOC range necessary for enhancing AWC requires clarification. Accordingly, 165 samples were collected from four sites, where two sites received poultry litter (PL) and two sites did not, covering a wide range of carbon contents from low to high (4.5–22.9 g kg−1). The bulk density was the same, and the soils were tested for their field capacity (FC) and permanent wilt point (PWP) in the lab. The results revealed that there was no significant correlation between the clay and AWC, and a significant positive relationship between SOC and AWC was exhibited, suggesting that the increase in AWC mostly resulted from the increase in SOC. However, the AWC did not change significantly with increasing SOC when the SOC was below 10 g kg−1, whereas a significant increase in AWC occurred when the SOC increased from 10 to 14 g kg−1. The largest increment in AWC occurred when the SOC increased from 14 to 18 g kg−1, but the increase in AWC with increasing SOC decreased when the SOC was above 18 g kg−1. Thus, a critical range of SOC for AWC from 14 to 18 g kg−1 could significantly improve the soil water‐holding capacity. Additionally, most soil samples within the critical SOC range were collected from sites that received PL. Thus, this study also evaluated the enhancement of AWC by PL application, which efficiently improved the soil water‐holding capacity.
Characterisation of Four Novel HLA‐B Alleles From Russian Registry
Authors: Loginova Maria , Smirnova Daria , Paramonov Igor
Published: December 2024

Four novel HLA‐B alleles are described from bone marrow volunteers of Russian Registry.
Impact of postoperative radiography on the management of humeral condylar fractures in immature dogs
Authors: Karydas Stavros , Quinonero Ignacio , Chitty Jake , Malucelli Davide , Solano Miguel , Vallefuoco Rosario , Danielski Alan
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate the impact of postoperative radiographs on treatment decisions for skeletally immature dogs undergoing repair of a fractured humeral condyle.

Study design

Retrospective observational multicenter study.

Sample population

A total of 139 dogs (<12 months of age).

Methods

Medical records of dogs who underwent humeral condylar fracture repair were retrieved and analyzed. Data collected included dog's signalment, fixation method, reported client's concerns, follow‐up clinical examination findings, radiographic assessment, and any documented changes to the postoperative plan.

Results

Out of the 139 cases, 23 dogs (17%) required a change in their postoperative plan. Owner concerns (OR: 7.6), prolonged use of analgesic drugs (OR: 7.9), presence of lameness (OR: 5.9), abnormal clinical findings at the time of follow‐up examination (OR: 44.8) and radiographic abnormalities (OR: 51.9) significantly increased the likelihood of a change in the postoperative plan. Most importantly, none of these postoperative plan changes were solely attributed to radiographic abnormalities at the time of the follow‐up examination.

Conclusion

Follow‐up radiographs did not influence the postoperative management plan in cases where clients reported no concerns, the dogs did not require prolonged analgesic treatment, showed no lameness on examination, and had unremarkable clinical findings

Clinical significance

In the absence of client concerns, prolonged use of analgesic drugs, lameness on examination, and clinical abnormalities, the necessity of follow‐up radiographs in immature dogs that underwent humeral condylar fracture repair is debatable.
Affinity maturation of antibody responses is mediated by differential plasma cell proliferation
Authors: MacLean Andrew J. , Deimel Lachlan P. , Zhou Pengcheng , ElTanbouly Mohamed A. , Merkenschlager Julia , Ramos Victor , Santos Gabriela S. , Hägglöf Thomas , Mayer Christian T. , Hernandez Brianna , Gazumyan Anna , Nussenzweig Michel C.
Published: December 2024

Increased antibody affinity over time after vaccination, known as affinity maturation, is a prototypical feature of immune responses. Recent studies have shown that a diverse collection of B cells, producing antibodies with a wide spectrum of different affinities, is selected into the plasma cell (PC) pathway. How affinity-permissive selection enables PC affinity maturation remains unknown. We found that PC precursors (prePCs) expressing high-affinity antibodies received higher levels of T follicular helper cell (T
FH
cell)–derived help and divided at higher rates compared with their lower-affinity counterparts once they left the germinal center. Our findings indicate that differential cell division by selected prePCs accounts for how diverse precursors develop into a PC compartment that mediates serological affinity maturation.
Aged neurons don’t register energy need
Authors: Bingul Deniz , Owen Scott F.
Published: December 2024

Neuronal activity and mitochondrial gene expression become decoupled in aged mice
AI-generated commentaries flood journals, distort metrics
Authors: Joelving Frederik
Published: December 2024

Shoddy commentaries are a quick and dirty route to higher impact numbers
Draft genome sequences of
Pseudomonas chengduensis
strain BW1 and
Sphingobium
sp. strain MK2 isolated from oil sands process-affected water
Authors: Anuforo Philemon Chinemezu , Würz Birgit , Wick Lukas Y. , Kallies René
Published: December 2024

Draft genomes of two phenanthrene-degrading bacterial isolates from oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in Alberta, Canada were sequenced. Both isolates grew in close association on agar plates and were difficult to obtain axenically. They represent novel
Pseudomonas chengduensis
and
Sphingobium
sp. strains with genomes of 5.5 and 4.1 Mbases length, respectively.
Synthesis of New 1-(4-Anilinophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones
Authors: Kolyamshin O. A. , Mitrasov Yu. N. , Danilov V. A. , Pylchikova Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The reaction of N1-phenyl- and N1-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene-1,4-diamines with maleic anhydride gave the corresponding maleic acid monoamides whose cyclization in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid afforded 1-[4-anilino- and 4-(4-methoxyanilino)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones.
Effect of compressibility on the stress state of wet and dry bauxite residue
Authors: Mmbando Erwin , Fourie Andy , Reid David , Gao Jinglong
Published: December 2024

The construction of filtered tailings storage facilities (TSFs) provides an alternative deposition strategy to mitigate the risk of liquefaction of loose and saturated hydraulically placed tailings through the processes of filtration and compaction. However, challenges in depositing and compacting filtered tailings can impede efforts to achieve unsaturated and/or dilative conditions. For example, it is shown that for the same compaction degree and initial void ratio, clays compacted wet of optimum moisture content (OMC) are more compressible than those compacted dry of OMC. Further, increasing stress in initially dilative soils can result in intersection of the normal compression line with the critical state line (CSL), thereby transitioning from a dilative to a contractive state. To assess the effect of compressibility on this transition stress of filtered tailings, one-dimensional compression behavior of wet and dry compacted bauxite residue (red mud) was compared with the CSL for the same material. Soil-water retention tests were also carried out on one-dimensionally compressed samples to estimate the matric suction and effective stress while considering the effects of salinity in red muds. The results showed that for the same compaction conditions, dry filtered tailings transitioned from dilative to contractive conditions at lower transition stress than wet filtered tailings. The implications of these findings on minimizing the risks of flow liquefaction in filtered TSFs were outlined.
Nondestructive measurement of microfibril angle of wood by using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kojima Miho , Kurata Yohei , Abe Hisashi
Published: December 2024

Fast-growing tree species, such as Eucalyptus, are used extensively in plantations for timber, but their mechanical properties are not well understood, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), which affects wood stiffness. MFA measurement is complex and expensive, but near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a non-destructive alternative. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of NIRS in predicting MFA across different regions and environments. The results showed that NIRS could predict MFA, but the accuracy varied. In Brazil, higher prediction accuracy was observed when data from multiple regions were combined. In Laos, the presence of juvenile wood significantly decreased prediction accuracy. Combining data from multiple sites improved prediction accuracy, but decreased accuracy when juvenile wood was included. The study concludes that effective MFA prediction models must consider regional and environmental differences. Creating region-specific models is necessary for reliable wood quality assessment using NIRS. This research underscores the potential of NIRS as a practical tool for wood quality evaluation, highlighting the importance of accounting for factors such as wood maturity and environmental conditions in developing robust predictive models.
Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper for Steel–Concrete Hybrid Wind Turbine Tower Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Shou-Zhen , Zhou Xu-Hong , Zhang Xue-Sen , Wang Yu-Hang , Jiang Liming
Published: December 2024

Steel–concrete hybrid towers (SCHTs) have been adopted as a popular supporting structure for wind turbines with the increasing hub height and rotor diameter. The excessive transverse vibration of the supporting tower adversely compromises the turbine’s operation and leads to structural deteriorations. The tuned mass damper (TMD) has been validated as an efficient device integrated with high-rise structures in vibration suppressions. This study aims to provide a reliable method for determining the key parameters of the TMD to obtain the optimal performance in vibration suppressions. This study begins with a rigorous theoretical analysis to investigate the dynamic responses of the SCHT. The dynamic analysis serves as a basis for developing a dynamics model of the SCHT integrated with a TMD, which provides a programmable method to analyze the effect of the TMD on the dynamic responses of the SCHT. Then, an optimization model based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is established to obtain the optimal parameters of the TMD. Finally, a numerical test comprising 12 loading conditions is conducted to analyze the vibration mitigation effect of the TMD. The validation process also provides discussions about the influence of the wind turbine operation states and the fitness function adopted in the GA on the efficiency of the TMD. Those findings demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of the TMD for mitigating vibrations of the SCHT. It thereby contributes to the understanding and improvement of vibration control strategies for SCHT structures and can guide future design and optimization efforts.
Retrieval Method of Online English Grammar Questions Based on Natural Language Processing
Authors: Yu Linlin
Published: December 2024

Background: With the rapid development of information technology, natural language processing has become an important branch, which has received widespread attention and application. The rise of this technology has brought revolutionary changes to the field of education, especially in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of quality education. In the field of online English education, Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are a common assessment method, and their accuracy directly affects students’ learning outcomes and feedback quality. Purpose: In order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of MCQs, an innovative search method based on fuzzy tree matching is proposed. Methodology: This method effectively captures the core features of grammar problems and calculates the similarity between problems by introducing the Parse-key tree structure. The Parse-key tree consists of subtrees and positional information. The subtree structure reduces the impact of noise on the target grammar structure information and inserts spatial position information to determine grammar knowledge points. Findings: The experimental results showed that in incomplete queries, the Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) value of the grammar MCQs problem was improved by 7.9% compared with the existing methods. When the recall rate was 0.1, the precision of our method remained above 0.4, while that of other methods was below 0.4. In complete queries, the MRR value of the proposed method was 29.6% higher than that of the traditional part of speech-sorting algorithms, and the precision usually remained between 0.2 and 1. However, when other methods reached 0.2, the precision of our method dropped below 0.2, demonstrating significant performance advantages. Based on the above results, the research method not only improves the efficiency and quality of knowledge acquisition, but also optimises the organisational structure of knowledge, enhances the sharing ability of knowledge, promotes innovation and application of knowledge and provides new ideas and technical support for the development of online education. Contribution: This research proposes an innovative search method based on fuzzy tree matching, which can effectively improve the accuracy and effectiveness of MCQs assessment in online English education.
A multi-party quantum private set intersection based on greatest common divisor
Authors: Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Private set intersection (PSI) is a cryptographic primitive that allows two or more parties to learn the intersection of their input sets and nothing else. In this paper, we introduce a new secure multi-party quantum computation for the greatest common divisor (GCD) and a PSI protocol based on it. The protocol extends the recent least common multiple (LCM)-based quantum private set union protocol by Liu et al. Performance analysis verifies the correctness and demonstrates the entire security of the suggested protocols in the semi-honest model. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the complexity is efficient in terms of the input set size.
Thoroughly Modeling Multi-domain Pre-trained Recommendation as Language
Authors: Qu Zekai , Xie Ruobing , Xiao Chaojun , Yao Yuan , Liu Zhiyuan , Lian Fengzong , Kang Zhanhui , Zhou Jie
Published: December 2024

With the thriving of the pre-trained language model (PLM) widely verified in various NLP tasks, pioneer efforts attempt to explore the possible cooperation of the general textual information in PLM with the personalized behavioral information in user historical behavior sequences to enhance sequential recommendation (SR). However, despite the commonalities of input format and task goal, there are huge gaps between the behavioral and textual information, which obstruct thoroughly modeling SR as language modeling via PLM. To bridge the gap, we propose a novel unified pre-trained language model enhanced sequential recommendation (UPSR) that thoroughly transfers the next item prediction task to a text generation task, aiming to build a unified pre-trained recommendation model for multi-domain recommendation tasks. We formally design five key indicators, namely naturalness, domain consistency, informativeness, noise and ambiguity, and text length, to guide the

text

\(\rightarrow\)

item

adaptation (selecting appropriate text to form the item textual representation) and

behavior sequence

\(\rightarrow\)

text sequence

adaptation (transferring the sequence of item textual representations into a text sequence) differently for pre-training and fine-tuning stages, which are essential but under-explored by previous works. In experiments, we conduct extensive evaluations on seven datasets with both supervised and zero-shot settings and achieve the overall best performance. Comprehensive model analyses also provide valuable insights for behavior modeling via PLM, shedding light on large pre-trained recommendation models. The source codes will be released in the future.
An Underwater Imaging Generative Adversarial Network by Simulating the Mechanism of Light Propagation in Water
Authors: Sun Yujuan , Huang Xing , Cui Yanfang , Dong Junyu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yao Tao
Published: December 2024

Since capturing underwater images without degradation is challenging, there are few real image datasets with paired ground truth for underwater image enhancement. In this article, we propose a generative adversarial network (UIGAN) for underwater imaging; the network can convert images and their corresponding depth maps captured in air into images in water. The underwater imaging mechanism relies on many intrinsic parameters in water, which are difficult to estimate without field calibration. As the strong modeling capability of deep neural networks, this article uses the deep learning model to extract parameters from the real underwater environment. Then the proposed UIGAN simulates the light propagation process (direct attenuation, backscattering, and forward scattering) in water by using three modules with different constraints. We can generate a large training dataset with paired images in air and real water environment. The generated UIGAN dataset serves as input to a forward-attention transfer underwater enhancement model (FATUECNN), and it can output the restored images with appearance like those captured in air. The proposed pipeline is verified both qualitatively and quantitatively by extensive experiments and comparison evaluation with the existing state-of-the-art methods. The source code and the pre-trained model are made publicly available.
GPT-4V(ision) as A Social Media Analysis Engine
Authors: Lyu Hanjia , Huang Jinfa , Zhang Daoan , Yu Yongsheng , Mou Xinyi , Pan Jinsheng , Yang Zhengyuan , Wei Zhongyu , Luo Jiebo
Published: December 2024

Recent research has shed light on the capabilities of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) across various general vision and language tasks. The performance of LMMs in specialized domains, such as social media, which integrates text, images, videos, and sometimes audio, remains an area of active interest. Effective analysis of such content requires models to interpret the complex interactions between different communication modalities and their influence on the conveyed message. This paper explores GPT-4V(ision)’s performance in social multimedia analysis. We evaluate GPT-4V across five representative tasks: sentiment analysis, hate speech detection, fake news identification, demographic inference, and political ideology detection. Our approach includes a preliminary quantitative analysis for each task using existing benchmark datasets, followed by a review of the results and a selection of qualitative samples to demonstrate GPT-4V’s performance in multimodal social media content analysis. GPT-4V shows effectiveness in these tasks, exhibiting capabilities like joint image-text understanding, contextual and cultural awareness, and commonsense knowledge application. However, challenges persist, including struggles with multilingual social multimedia comprehension and difficulty in adapting to the latest social media trends. It also sometimes generates incorrect information about evolving knowledge of celebrities and politicians. This preliminary study aims to inform further research across disciplines, particularly in computational social science and social media studies. The findings highlight the potential of LMMs to enhance our understanding of social media content and its users through multimodal analysis. All images and prompts used in this study will be available at
https://github.com/VIStA-H/GPT-4V_Social_Media
.

Disclaimer: This paper contains some examples of offensive social media content. Reader discretion is advised.
Noninvasive Quantitative CT for Diffuse Liver Diseases: Steatosis, Iron Overload, and Fibrosis
Authors: Pickhardt Perry J. , Lubner Meghan G.
Published: December 2024

CT can provide quantification of hepatic steatosis, iron overload, and fibrosis, but its most important role will likely be related to opportunistic detection of these diffuse liver diseases, which can feed into more formal MRI (or US) surveillance programs, as clinically appropriate.
Prevalence of Mitral Annular Disjunction at Cardiac MRI: Results from a Multicenter Registry
Authors: Palmisano Anna , Bruno Elisa , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , De Gori Carmelo , Barbieri Simone , Adami Margherita , Plataroti Dario , Rondi Paolo , di Meo Nunzia , Ravanelli Marco , Farina Davide , Rossi Alice , Pradella Silvia , Miele Vittorio , Marchitelli Livia , Cundari Giulia , Galea Nicola , Tore Davide , Gatti Marco , Faletti Riccardo , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Di Cesare Ernesto , D’Angelo Tommaso , Lanzafame Ludovica R. M. , Blandino Alfredo , Dell’Aversana Serena , Ponsiglione Andrea , Ascione Raffaele , Imbriaco Massimo , Porcu Michele , Cau Riccardo , Saba Luca , Ferrandino Giovanni , Liguori Carlo , Sambuceti Virginia , Seitun Sara , Siani Agnese , Carriero Alessandro , Cosenza Michele , Lovato Luigi , Vignale Davide , Faggioni Lorenzo , Neri Emanuele , Esposito Antonio
Published: December 2024

Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) was a frequent incidental finding at cardiac MRI examinations performed for various clinical indications; longer MAD length and coexisting bileaflet mitral valve prolapse were associated with a higher prevalence of arrhythmia.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy at 5.0 T versus 3.0 T: A Crossover Design Study
Authors: Qian Xianling , Wang Shiyu , Wu Yali , Miao Xiyin , Chen Yinyin , Lu Hongfei , Wang Rui , Wang Dong , Wang Fang , Zhang Shiyu , Hao Jiaxin , Jin Hang , Zeng Mengsu
Published: December 2024

In individuals with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, 5.0-T cardiac MRI offered better image quality and late gadolinium enhancement visualization than 3.0-T cardiac MRI, particularly at a 1.2-mm resolution.
FeF3 Cathode Interfacial Reactions in Thermal Batteries
Authors: Jeong Heonjae , Heo Myeongjae , Bae Junghun
Published: December 2024

FeF3 is an attractive cathode material for thermal batteries due to its high capacity and high operating voltage above 3V. However, FeF3 is sensitive to hydration, which makes it challenging to maintain in its pristine state. Lithium halide molten salts are typical electrolytes for thermal batteries. The interfacial reaction between FeF3 and lithium halide electrolytes under thermal battery operating conditions (above 500 °C) has not yet been extensively studied. This study investigates the interfacial reactions between electrolytes and electrodes under molten conditions using density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. The atomistic bonds between the electrolyte and the electrode vary depending on the presence or absence of moisture (H2O). In the presence of H2O, O forms either LiOx or FeOx bonds without the decomposition of H2O, while other interactions remain similar. Br becomes isolated as its bonds with Li are broken, whereas Li forms LiFx by bonding with F. Fe either maintains its FeF3 structure or forms additional F bonds. Bader charge analysis exhibits charge transfer from LiBr to FeF3 species, where Br donates electrons to F and becomes neutral Br. The radial distribution function shows that the presence of moisture affects Li-Br and Fe-Br bonds, but not Li-F or Fe-F bonds. Overall, this study demonstrates that moisture does not significantly change the interfacial reactions between the LiBr electrolyte and the FeF3 cathode, though it slightly influences the atomistic configuration.
Ag+/Li+ Ion-Exchange in LLZTO to Introduce Surface Layer Compressive Stress and Improve Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Morris Sydney , Jagad Harsh , Harris Stephen J , Shi Changmin , Qi Yue , Sheldon Brian W.
Published: December 2024

Ion-exchange (IX) is frequently used in the manufacturing of glasses to increase their fracture resistance. Using IX to introduce surface layer compressive stress in a solid electrolyte like lithium lanthanum zirconium tantalum oxide (LLZTO) has the potential to improve electrochemical performance by delaying lithium (Li) filament penetration through the solid electrolyte (SE). Computational work has proven the feasibility of ion-exchange between lithium ions and larger ions in LLZTO depending on the precursor used [1]. This experimental work explores several salt chemistries and heat treatments to evaluate the impact of IX on LLZTO. A multi-beam optical stress sensor (MOSS) was used to measure changes in curvature from IX induced stress. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the composition of samples. Symmetric Li/Li cells were used to measure critical current density (CCD) and for long-term cycling tests to benchmark improvements in electrochemical performance. Results show controlled IX with LLZTO can introduce stress in the near surface layer, increase CCDs, and improve long-term cycling performance in a symmetric Li/Li cell.

[1] Tradeoff between the Ion Exchange-Induced Residual Stress and Ion Transport in Solid Electrolytes. Harsh D. Jagad, Stephen J. Harris, Brian W. Sheldon, and Yue Qi. Chemistry of Materials 2022 34 (19), 8694-8704. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01806
Highly Stable Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries Via Effective SEI Layer Formation with Lithiophilic Silver Nanoparticle
Authors: Lee Doyeon , Ko Min Jae
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have garnered attention due to their high specific capacity and low reduction potential. On the other hand, their practical application is limited by persistent safety issues related to Li dendrite growth. Thus LMBs are developing into an anode-free configuration to achieve suppression of dendrite formation and much higher volumetric energy density. However, the intrinsic lithiophobicity of current collectors in anode-free batteries causes to non-uniform Li plating, which still results in unfavorable Li dendritic growth during the charge/discharge cycles. Herein, we have modified the current collector by attaching a bi-functional ligand 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-mercaptobenzoic acid (F-MB) to deposit lithiophilic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for the uniform Li nucleation and growth. Therefore, we synthesized fluorine-functionalized lithiophilic Ag-F-MB to form the stable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Consequently, Ag-F-MB@Cu||Li half-cell demonstrates a more stable reversibility of coulombic efficiency (~94%) and a longer cycle stability over 1000 hours, attributed to enhanced reversible Li plating/stripping. Additionally, the prelithiated Ag-F-MB@Li||LiFePO4 full-cell exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 162.9 mAh/g, stable cycle life over 1000 hours, and high coulombic efficiency at 1 C. This approach provides a promising method to achieve high-performance LMBs via simple modification of the Cu current collector.
Complementary and Hybrid Approaches for Enhanced Solar Utilization in Synthetic Fuel Production
Authors: Pornrungroj Chanon
Published: December 2024

The synthesis of fuels from sunlight offers a promising sustainable solution for chemical energy storage. However, the inefficient utilisation of the solar spectrum limits its commercial viability. Conventional solar fuel synthesis relies heavily on high-energy photons from the ultraviolet range, leaving much of the solar spectrum, particularly visible and infrared energies, underutilized. This results in significant energy loss as unabsorbed light is converted into wasted heat, reducing overall efficiency.1 In this work, we propose strategies to enhance solar energy utilization by implementing advanced thermal management and integrating both complementary and hybrid processes. Thermal management techniques are designed to capture and repurpose heat generated by unutilized visible and infrared light, converting it into useful energy and improving system efficiency.2,3 Additionally, hybrid systems that combine solar fuel synthesis with water purification using photocatalysis and photothermal processes are also explored. These hybrid systems can harness a broader spectrum of solar energy, directly converting it into chemical energy and clean water, thereby increasing solar utilization.4 By addressing these inefficiencies through a combination of thermal management, complementary process integration, and material and architectural innovation, this work provides a comprehensive framework for enhancing the viability of solar fuel production. These strategies underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing solar fuel technologies, paving the way for a sustainable energy economy and supporting the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable energy landscape.

References

1.Wang, Q.; Pornrungroj, C.; Linley, S.; Reisner, E., “Strategies to improve light utilization in solar fuel synthesis”, Nature Energy; 7, 13-24 (2022).

2.Pornrungroj, C.; Andrei, V.; Reisner, E., “Thermoelectric–photoelectrochemical water splitting under concentrated solar irradiation”, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 145, 13709-13714 (2023).

3.Cobb, S.J.; Pornrungroj, C.; Andrei, V.; Badiani, V.M.; Su, L.; Manuel, R.R.; Pereira, I.A; Reisner, E., “A photoelectrochemical-thermoelectric device for semi-artificial CO2 fixation employing full solar spectrum utilization”. Device (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2024.100505

4. Pornrungroj, C.; Annuar, A. B. M.; Wang, Q.; Rahaman, M.; Bhattacharjee, S.; Rahaman, M.; Andrei, V.; Reisner, E., “Hybrid photothermal–photocatalyst sheets for solar-driven overall water splitting coupled to water purification”, Nature Water; 1, 952-960 (2023).
Advanced Potassium-Sulfur Batteries Using High-Concentration Electrolytes and Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathodes
Authors: Changki Jeon , Hwang Jang-Yeon
Published: December 2024

Potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries are emerging as promising technology due to their cost-effectiveness and high theoretical energy density.1 However, traditional K–S batteries face two significant challenges: (1) uncontrollable of potassium polysulfide (KPS) dissolution into the liquid electrolyte, and (2) the highly chemical and electrochemical reactive of the K-metal anode that leads to dendrite growth. These issues cause critical performance degradation, result in sudden death. Herein, I introduce a high-areal capacity, unprecedented cycle life of K–S battery that incorporates a high-concentration electrolyte (HCE) (4.34 mol∙kg⁻¹ potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane). The introduction of HCE improves the interfacial stability between the K metal anode and electrolyte, as shown by operando optical microscopy and phase field modeling. Through dynamics simulations and Raman spectroscopy, changes in the solvation structure of the electrolyte were confirmed. The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface was observed, which effectively suppresses the growth of potassium dendrites, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, I propose the synergetic effect of K-S battery using sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode, where sulfur is covalently bonded to the carbon backbone, effectively inhibiting KPS dissolution.

A. Manthiram, Y. Fu, S.-H. Chung, C. Zu, Y.-S. Su, Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur batteries, Chem. Rev.114 (2014) 11751.

J. Park, J. Lee, M. H. Alfaruqi, W.-J. Kwak, J. Kim, J.-Y. Hwang, Initial investigation and evaluation of potassium metal as an anode for rechargeable potassium batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A.8 (2020) 16718.
The Electrochemical Regulation Method of Cathode Potential during the Reuse Process of Residual Energy from Waste Lithium Batteries
Authors: Sun Honghuai , Xu Zhenming
Published: December 2024

Waste lithium batteries (WLIBs) constitute a new type of solid waste composed of materials and residual energy. In order to safely dispose WLIBs, a large amount of residual energy must be discharged and rendered valueless before the recycling process, resulting in the production of high-salinity wastewater. However, since the residual energy in WLIBs accounts for approximately 5%-20% of the total battery capacity, it is estimated that by 2025-2030, the residual energy of WLIBs in China will reach 1200GWh, which is equivalent to the power generation of a small thermal power plant for one year. Therefore, to electrochemically utilize this portion of energy, we propose a method of cathode potential regulation for WLIBs. By taking advantage of the high internal resistance
R
of WLIBs and the sudden change of battery current
I
caused by iron passivation on the positive electrode of the battery, this method could induce the response of overvoltage
η

(η = IR
) inside the battery at different pH levels to regulate the cathode potential
µ
of the battery to the three intervals. According to the electrochemical simulation experiments, the potential ranges of the battery cathode corresponding to pH < 3.4, pH ≈ 3.4, and pH > 4 were
µ
> −0.47V, −0.47V <
µ
< −0.82V, and
µ
< −0.82V, respectively. Following this method, we successfully utilize 35.08%, 88.4%, and 84.7% of the residual energy for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater, removing Cr (VI) from wastewater, and recovering copper from the solution, respectively.
CoO/Co3O4 Hybrid Oxide Anode Synthesis Techniques and Performance Improvement for Super-Theoretical Capacity in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kumchompoo Jaturon , Lee Jyh-Tsung -
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical instability of transition metal oxide (TMO)-based electrodes has hindered their broader adoption in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), primarily due to rapid performance degradation. Addressing this challenge requires the development of TMO materials with enhanced lithium storage capacities and improved cycling stability. In this study, we report a facile hydrothermal synthesis of a CoO/Co₃O₄ hybrid oxide, followed by high-temperature calcination, aimed at boosting the electrochemical performance of these electrodes. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) additives were introduced to stabilize the Co₃O₄ interface, minimizing electrolyte decomposition and enhancing the electrode/electrolyte interface. At an optimized concentration of 2 wt%, these additives significantly improved cycling stability and capacity retention.

To further address common issues like grain boundary cracking and void formation, calcination at 800°C with 2% FEC was employed, resulting in improved Li⁺ transport and structural stability. This optimized synthesis and additive strategy led to remarkable improvements in the CoO/Co₃O₄ anode’s electrochemical performance, achieving a super-theoretical capacity (STC) phenomenon. After 400 cycles at 0.5 C, the CoO/Co₃O₄ anode exhibited an extraordinary capacity of 1427.35 mAh g⁻¹, a significant increase from its initial capacity of 925 mAh g⁻¹.

The observed STC is attributed to enhanced additive-driven electrolyte stabilization, the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and the mitigation of electrode surface cracking. Structural characterization via SEM, TEM, and BET analyses confirmed increased porosity and structural stability after prolonged cycling, further supporting the STC phenomenon. This study highlights the critical importance of tailored material synthesis and electrolyte engineering in overcoming the limitations of TMO-based anodes, paving the way for high-performance, long-lasting LIBs.

Figure 1
Computational Insights into the Impact of Extreme Concentrations on the Dynamics of Molecular Systems for Nonaqueous Redox-Flow Batteries
Authors: Perera Anton Sameera , Ruhunage Sashen , Stumme Nathan , Horvath Andrew , Shaw Scott , Risko Chad M.
Published: December 2024

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NARFB) present a viable solution for grid-scale energy storage due to their decoupled power and energy densities, long–duration storage, durability, temperature tolerance, low-cost production and use, and limited environmental impact. Nevertheless, implementing NARFB as a major grid-scale energy storage solution requires further property optimization, which necessitates a molecular-level understanding of the fundamental chemical phenomena that take place during battery (dis)charge. Here we focus on the dynamics and interactions of extremely large redox-active species and electrolyte concentrations through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We investigated a series of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) and TBAPF6 (tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate) concentrations in acetonitrile to determine molecular-scale physicochemical characteristics for comparison to electrochemical experiments. The investigation reveals the importance of solvation and ion-pairing effects of the TBAPF6 salt. This study provides theoretical insights into designing NARFB solutions with optimal concentrations.
Hierarchical Dual-Carbon Anode and Cathode Derived from Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Grown on 3D Graphene Oxide Aerogels for Ultrahigh-Performance Potassium-Ion Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Park Min Gyu , Choi Jong Hui , Hyun Suseong , Kim Dong Won , Kim Jihoon , Jung Do Hwan , Kang Jeung Ku , Han Byungchan
Published: December 2024

A potassium-ion hybrid system has been shown to be highly suitable for dual-mode applications as both a battery and a supercapacitor, once the issues of slow kinetics in the anode and low capacity in the cathode are addressed. In this study, we design a Potassium-ion hybrid energy storage (PIHES) system that excels in both rapid charging and high energy density. The PIHES full cells are developed using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) grown on 3D graphene oxide aerogels (RGOAs). These microporous ZIFs on 3D RGOAs form a Zn-embedded hierarchical porous graphitic carbon anode material. Sub-nanometer Zn particles in the anode facilitate rapid faradaic reactions, as confirmed by operando X-ray diffraction studies combined with kinetic analysis. The hierarchical structure of the material, with its porosity and graphitization, promotes the efficient transport of ions and electrons. First-principles density functional theory calculations reveal the underlying mechanism of potassium's superior adsorption behavior on sub-nanometer Zn nanoparticles compared to other materials, resulting in high-rate capability. The Zn-embedded ZIF-derived hierarchical porous carbon (ZZHPC) offers approximately twice the capacity of pristine ZIFs. Our cathode materials are derived from the graphitic carbon production and Zn evaporation from ZIFs on 3D RGOAs, featuring N-rich microporous sites for high capacity, excellent electrolyte wettability, and mesoporous graphitic carbon channels for rapid ion and electron transport. Our potassium-ion hybrid capacitor, utilizing a ZZHPC anode and a ZIF-derived hierarchical porous carbon (ZHPC) cathode, achieves an unprecedented energy density of 207.5 Wh kg-1 and a fast-chargeable power density of 21,500 W kg-1, while maintaining nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency over 10,000 cycles.
Surface Modification Strategies for Improved Electrochemical Performance and Long-Term Cyclability in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kwak Myungjun , Hwang Chihyun , Jeong Goojin , Kim Youngkwon
Published: December 2024

Although aqueous zinc ion batteries are promising for grid-scale energy storage because of their low cost, safety, and high capacity, they are still limited by poor reversibility and a short cycle lifetime. The main causes of these problems are the spontaneous side reactions and the inhomogeneous deposition/dissolution behavior of the zinc electrode. In this study, we address these limitations by mitigating the inhomogeneous surface reactions of the zinc electrode, a key factor in achieving long-term cycling stability. By employing appropriate surface modification techniques to eliminate the intrinsic passivation layer and reduce surface roughness, we enable uniform electrochemical reactions on the electrode surface, resulting in homogeneous zinc deposition, accelerated electrochemical kinetics, and enhanced cycling performance. Two distinct surface modification strategies were utilized: chemical treatment and mechanical polishing. The chemical treatment entailed the application of acidic, neutral, or alkaline solutions to the zinc electrode, effectively removing the organic passivation layer, improving electrolyte wettability, rate capability, and enabling uniform zinc deposition. Mechanical polishing not only removed the passivation layer but also smoothed the rough surface of the zinc electrode, reducing local charge concentrations and further promoting uniform deposition, which enhanced long-term stability. Our research indicates that simple surface modification methods can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of zinc electrodes. These strategies may be applicable to other types of energy storage systems using metal foil-based electrode, including lithium, magnesium, and aluminum batteries, as well as zinc-ion batteries.
Overcoming Thermoelectric Trade-Offs through Lanthanide Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Material
Authors: Kim Tae-hoon , Bushra Jabar , Reith Heiko , Naumochkin Maksim , Nielsch Kornelius , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B.
Published: December 2024

Owing to their abundance, cost-effectiveness, high Seebeck coefficient, and exceptional stability, oxide thermoelectric (TE) materials are becoming viable alternatives to traditional inorganic alloys.1-2 Yet, their direct integration into flexible TE devices is severely challenged by intrinsic brittleness and their mismatch with the ideal TE parameters—achieving a high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity without compromising electrical conductivity—at mid-to-low temperatures.3-4 Herein, we present a novel hybrid material that combines lanthanum molybdate (La2Mo2O9) with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to overcome the TE trade-off relationship as well as constraints related to the form factor5 and suitability for use at room temperature.6-7

This study unveils a significant enhancement in electrical conductivity through the strategic facilitation of semiconductor-like charge carrier transport. This achievement is realized via the percolation of nanostructured La2Mo2O9 within single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), thereby augmenting charge carrier mobility. The synergistic integration of SWCNTs into the La2Mo2O9 matrix judiciously narrows the bandgap of La2Mo2O9, leading to an elevated charge carrier concentration. Moreover, we harness an energy filtering effect, arising from the reduced valence band energy difference between La2Mo2O9 and SWCNT interfaces, to raise the Seebeck coefficient through energy-dependent charge carrier scattering. Crucially, the integration of ultralow thermal conductive La2Mo2O9 with SWCNTs induced interfacial phonon scattering, markedly reducing lattice thermal conductivity. This strategic modulation of these TE parameters led to enhanced ZT values at mid-to-room temperatures, overcoming hurdles traditionally faced by single-component oxide thermoelectrics. We could be able to extend our investigation to the development of a stable, flexible prototype-TE device, suggesting potential for widespread application in durable TE devices that function in the moderate temperature range.

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Figure 1
A Computational Tool for Determining the Local Dielectric Constants within Heterogenous Nanoscale Systems from Molecular Dynamics Trajectories
Authors: Yadav Anju , Vuković Lela
Published: December 2024

The dielectric properties play a significant role in shaping the characteristics and functional behavior of heterogeneous nanoscale systems. We have implemented a simple method and developed a flexible computational tool to determine the dielectric constant of various subcomponents of neutral inhomogeneous systems, based on dipole moment fluctuations measured in molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories. We first validate our computational approach by evaluating the dielectric constant (epsilon) of TIP3P waters, determined to be ~ 82. The dielectric of water molecules in a system surrounding a lipid bilayer decreases to ~ 62. Our method successfully calculates the dielectric constant of lipids as 9, with the headgroups exhibiting an epsilon value of approximately 8, and the hydrophobic tails possessing an epsilon value close to 1. These results are in good agreement with the known values reported in the literature. Finally, we have applied our method to optical nanosensor systems for which it has been hypothesized that the local dielectric constant changes are the key determinant of their optical sensing response. Namely, we examined the local dielectric constants in systems of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with lipid molecules, in the presence and absence of target analytes (in this case, antimicrobial disruptor peptides). Our tool is currently designed for neutral species and systems but has a potential for being extended for use on the charged systems. It is a flexible computational tool that can be used to determine the local dielectric constants of subcomponents within neutral heterogeneous nanoscale systems studied in MD simulations, a functionality that, to the best of our knowledge, was not available among other codes and packages used by the computational chemistry community.
Hierarchical Graphene Trees As Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries with High Rate Capability
Authors: Jeong Seung Yol , Sunhye Yang , Kim Byeong Guk , Jeong Sooyeon , Lee Hye Jung , Hong DongGyun , Kim Ick-Jun
Published: December 2024

We introduce monolithically structured reduced graphene oxide (rGO), prepared from a highly concentrated and conductive rGO paste, as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with high rate capacities. The rGO structure is mechanically robust, flexible, and easy to handle. This is achieved by a mixture of rGO paste and the water-soluble polymer with freeze drying. Unlike previous three-dimensional (3D) graphene porous structures, the monolithic graphene resembles “densely branched pine trees” and have high mechanical stability with strong adhesion to the metal electrodes. They contain numerous large surface area open pores that facilitate lithium ion diffusion, while the strong hydrogen bonding between the graphene layers and SCMC provides high conductivity and reduces the volume changes that occur during cycling. Ultrafast charge/discharge rates were obtained with outstanding cycling stability and the capacities are higher than those reported for other anode materials. The fabrication process is simple and straightforward to adjust and is therefore suitable for mass production of anode electrodes. This approach is also possible for the application of graphene-based anodes for next generation flexible batteries.