bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Satellite and Reanalysis Soil Moisture Products over Southwest China Using Ground-Based Measurements
Authors: Peng Jian , Niesel Jonathan , Loew Alexander , Zhang Shiqiang , Wang Jie
Published: November 2015

Long-term global satellite and reanalysis soil moisture products have been available for several years. In this study, in situ soil moisture measurements from 2008 to 2012 over Southwest China are used to evaluate the accuracy of four satellite-based products and one reanalysis soil moisture product. These products are the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth observing system (AMSR-E), the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative soil moisture (CCI SM), and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim). The evaluation of soil moisture absolute values and anomalies shows that all the products can capture the temporal dynamics of in situ soil moisture well. For AMSR-E and SMOS, larger errors occur, which are likely due to the severe effects of radio frequency interference (RFI) over the test region. In general, the ERA-Interim (R = 0.782, ubRMSD = 0.035 m3/m3) and CCI SM (R = 0.723, ubRMSD = 0.046 m3/m3) perform the best compared to the other products. The accuracy levels obtained are comparable to validation results from other regions. Therefore, local hydrological applications and water resource management will benefit from the long-term ERA-Interim and CCI SM soil moisture products.
An Algorithm for Burned Area Detection in the Brazilian Cerrado Using 4 µm MODIS Imagery
Authors: Libonati Renata , DaCamara Carlos , Setzer Alberto , Morelli Fabiano , Melchiori Arturo
Published: November 2015

The Brazilian Cerrado is significantly affected by anthropic fires every year, which makes the region an important source of pyrogenic emissions. This study aims at generating improved 1 km monthly burned area maps for Cerrado based on remote-sensed information. The algorithm relies on a burn-sensitive vegetation index based on MODIS daily values of near and middle infrared reflectance and makes use of active fire detection from multiple sensors. Validation is performed using reference burned area (BA) maps derived from Landsat imagery. Results are also compared with MODIS standard BA products. A monthly BA database for the Brazilian Cerrado is generated covering the period 2005–2014. Estimated value of BA is 1.3 times larger than the value derived from reference data, making the product suitable for applications in fire emission studies and ecosystem management. As expected the intra and inter-annual variability of estimated BA over the Brazilian Cerrado is in agreement with the regime of precipitation. This work represents the first step towards setting up a regional database of BA for Brazil to be developed in the framework of BrFLAS, an R and D project in the areas of fire emissions and ecosystem management planning.
A Passive Testing Approach for Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Che Xiaoping , Maag Stephane , Tan Hwee-Xian , Tan Hwee-Pink , Zhou Zhangbing
Published: November 2015

Smart systems are today increasingly developed with the number of wireless sensor devices drastically increasing. They are implemented within several contexts throughout our environment. Thus, sensed data transported in ubiquitous systems are important, and the way to carry them must be efficient and reliable. For that purpose, several routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSN). However, one stage that is often neglected before their deployment is the conformance testing process, a crucial and challenging step. Compared to active testing techniques commonly used in wired networks, passive approaches are more suitable to the WSN environment. While some works propose to specify the protocol with state models or to analyze them with simulators and emulators, we here propose a logic-based approach for formally specifying some functional requirements of a novel WSN routing protocol. We provide an algorithm to evaluate these properties on collected protocol execution traces. Further, we demonstrate the efficiency and suitability of our approach by its application into common WSN functional properties, as well as specific ones designed from our own routing protocol. We provide relevant testing verdicts through a real indoor testbed and the implementation of our protocol. Furthermore, the flexibility, genericity and practicability of our approach have been proven by the experimental results.
NiCu Alloy Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Nanofibers for Phenolic Biosensor Applications
Authors: Li Dawei , Lv Pengfei , Zhu Jiadeng , Lu Yao , Chen Chen , Zhang Xiangwu , Wei Qufu
Published: November 2015

NiCu alloy nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers (NiCuCNFs) were fabricated by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods. A series of characterizations, including SEM, TEM and XRD, were employed to study the NiCuCNFs. The as-prepared NiCuCNFs were then mixed with laccase (Lac) and Nafion to form a novel biosensor. NiCuCNFs successfully achieved the direct electron transfer of Lac. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were used to study the electrochemical properties of the biosensor. The finally prepared biosensor showed favorable electrocatalytic effects toward hydroquinone. The detection limit was 90 nM (S/N = 3), the sensitivity was 1.5 µA µM−1, the detection linear range was 4 × 10−7–2.37 × 10−6 M. In addition, this biosensor exhibited satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference properties and stability. Besides, the sensor achieved the detection of hydroquinone in lake water.
Robust Diagnosis Method Based on Parameter Estimation for an Interturn Short-Circuit Fault in Multipole PMSM under High-Speed Operation
Authors: Lee Jewon , Moon Seokbae , Jeong Hyeyun , Kim Sang
Published: November 2015

This paper proposes a diagnosis method for a multipole permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under an interturn short circuit fault. Previous works in this area have suffered from the uncertainties of the PMSM parameters, which can lead to misdiagnosis. The proposed method estimates the q-axis inductance (Lq) of the faulty PMSM to solve this problem. The proposed method also estimates the faulty phase and the value of G, which serves as an index of the severity of the fault. The q-axis current is used to estimate the faulty phase, the values of G and Lq. For this reason, two open-loop observers and an optimization method based on a particle-swarm are implemented. The q-axis current of a healthy PMSM is estimated by the open-loop observer with the parameters of a healthy PMSM. The Lq estimation significantly compensates for the estimation errors in high-speed operation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate the faulty phase, G, and Lq besides exhibiting robustness against parameter uncertainties.
The Indoor Localization and Tracking Estimation Method of Mobile Targets in Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jia Zixi , Wu Chengdong , Li Zhao , Zhang Yunzhou , Guan Bo
Published: November 2015

Indoor localization is a significant research area in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Generally, the nodes of WSNs are deployed in the same plane, i.e., the floor, as the target to be positioned, which causes the sensing signal to be influenced or even blocked by unpredictable obstacles, like furniture. However, a 3D system, like Cricket, can reduce the negative impact of obstacles to the maximum extent and guarantee the sensing signal transmission by using the line of sight (LOS). However, most of the traditional localization methods are not available for the new deployment mode. In this paper, we propose the self-localization of beacons method based on the Cayley–Menger determinant, which can determine the positions of beacons stuck in the ceiling; and differential sensitivity analysis (DSA) is also applied to eliminate measurement errors in measurement data fusion. Then, the calibration of beacons scheme is proposed to further refine the locations of beacons by the mobile robot. According to the robot’s motion model based on dead reckoning, which is the process of determining one’s current position, we employ the H ∞ filter and the strong tracking filter (STF) to calibrate the rough locations, respectively. Lastly, the optimal node selection scheme based on geometric dilution precision (GDOP) is presented here, which is able to pick the group of beacons with the minimum GDOP from all of the beacons. Then, we propose the GDOP-based weighting estimation method (GWEM) to associate redundant information with the position of the target. To verify the proposed methods in the paper, we design and conduct a simulation and an experiment in an indoor setting. Compared to EKF and the H ∞ filter, the adopted STF method can more effectively calibrate the locations of beacons; GWEM can provide centimeter-level precision in 3D environments by using the combination of beacons that minimizes GDOP.
Revising Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Light of Stewardship: The Need for a Legal Framework
Authors: Solazzo Alessandra , Jones Aled , Cooper Nigel
Published: November 2015

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) highlighted the importance of ecosystem services for human well-being, the payments for such services have increasingly been drawing the attention of governments, the private sector and academia. Nonetheless, there is not yet a specific legal framework which is able to capture the complexity of managing natural resources and, at the same time, deal with the numerous drawbacks that have been identified by critics, who are opposed to using financialisation of the environment as a tool. This paper, after briefly summarizing some of the main features and criticisms of the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), will critically assess the understanding of property rights over natural resources as stewardship, rather than as entitlement, because this interpretation is more coherent with the inherent characteristics of natural resources and, consequently, of ecosystem services. The novel usage of a stewardship dimension to property rights underlines the necessity for a legal framework for PES, constituted by “property-liability rules”.
Human-Environment System Knowledge: A Correlate of Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Díaz-Siefer Pablo , Neaman Alexander , Salgado Eduardo , Celis-Diez Juan , Otto Siegmar
Published: November 2015

An effective program of environmental education requires the identification of the knowledge that must be imparted. This paper compares the effects of human-environment system knowledge (i.e., knowledge related to environmental problems caused by humans) and environmental action knowledge (i.e., knowledge of possible courses of action to reduce human impact on the environment) on pro-environmental behavior. Environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior of 950 Chilean adults were assessed with a survey. Both types of knowledge were related to pro-environmental behavior (r = 0.25 and r = 0.22, respectively, p < 0.001). These results seem to contradict previous studies that found that system knowledge is not directly related to pro-environmental behavior. However, existing scales of environmental system knowledge are behavioral-distant due to their greater number of general geography knowledge items. In contrast, our human-environmental system knowledge scale focuses on understanding global environmental problems and, therefore, can be expected to relate more closely to pro-environmental behavior. To promote pro-environmental behavior, we suggest teaching more human-environment system knowledge and environmental action knowledge. Since different forms of environmental knowledge must work together in a convergent manner in order to foster pro-environmental behavior, the present study represents an important contribution by showing that greater human-environment system knowledge is correlated with pro-environmental behavior.
Evaluation of Tourism Water Capacity in Agricultural Heritage Sites
Authors: Tian Mi , Min Qingwen , Lun Fei , Yuan Zheng , Fuller Anthony , Yang Lun , Zhang Yongxun , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2015

Agricultural heritage sites have been gaining popularity as tourism destinations. The arrival of large numbers of tourists, however, has created serious challenges to these vulnerable ecosystems. In particular, water resources are facing tremendous pressure. Thus, an assessment of tourism water footprint is suggested before promoting sustainable tourism. This paper uses the bottom-up approach to construct a framework on the tourism water footprint of agricultural heritage sites. The tourism water footprint consists of four components, namely accommodation water footprint, diet water footprint, transportation water footprint and sewage dilution water footprint. Yuanyang County, a representative of the Honghe Hani rice terraces, was selected as the study area. Field surveys including questionnaires, interviews and participant observation approaches were undertaken to study the tourism water footprint and water capacity of the heritage site. Based on the results, measures to improve the tourism water capacity have been put forward, which should provide references for making policies that aim to maintain a sustainable water system and promote tourism development without hampering the sustainability of the heritage system. The sewage dilution water footprint and the diet water footprint were top contributors to the tourism water footprint of the subject area, taking up 38.33% and 36.15% of the tourism water footprint, respectively, followed by the transportation water footprint (21.47%). The accommodation water footprint had the smallest proportion (4.05%). The tourism water capacity of the heritage site was 14,500 tourists per day. The water pressure index was 97%, indicating that the water footprint was still within the water capacity, but there is a danger that the water footprint may soon exceed the water capacity. As a consequence, we suggest that macro and micro approaches, including appropriate technologies, awareness enhancement and diversified tourism product development throughout the whole year that can alleviate the water pressure at critical times, could be taken to optimize the water management of the heritage sites.
Estimating the Impact of Urbanization on Air Quality in China Using Spatial Regression Models
Authors: Fang Chuanglin , Liu Haimeng , Li Guangdong , Sun Dongqi , Miao Zhuang
Published: November 2015

Urban air pollution is one of the most visible environmental problems to have accompanied China’s rapid urbanization. Based on emission inventory data from 2014, gathered from 289 cities, we used Global and Local Moran’s I to measure the spatial autorrelation of Air Quality Index (AQI) values at the city level, and employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Lag Model (SAR), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to quantitatively estimate the comprehensive impact and spatial variations of China’s urbanization process on air quality. The results show that a significant spatial dependence and heterogeneity existed in AQI values. Regression models revealed urbanization has played an important negative role in determining air quality in Chinese cities. The population, urbanization rate, automobile density, and the proportion of secondary industry were all found to have had a significant influence over air quality. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the scale of urban land use, however, failed the significance test at 10% level. The GWR model performed better than global models and the results of GWR modeling show that the relationship between urbanization and air quality was not constant in space. Further, the local parameter estimates suggest significant spatial variation in the impacts of various urbanization factors on air quality.
Analysis of the Network of Protected Areas in China Based on a Geographic Perspective: Current Status, Issues and Integration
Authors: Cao Mengtian , Peng Li , Liu Shaoquan
Published: November 2015

With the continued growth of protected areas (PAs) in China in terms of the number, coverage and varieties of protected objects, how to efficiently manage the protected areas to ensure both resource protection and environmental protection has become a crucial research question. By applying a geographic perspective in an analysis of the development and evolution of protected areas in China, this paper presents the results of an analysis focused on the status and the types of current approaches to the management of natural protected areas to reveal the problems that exist in their management and to further explore an integration strategy for the protected area network. It proposes that the future management of protected areas should prioritize their legal status, the sustainable livelihood of individuals living in close proximity to them, and the establishment of a unified database to achieve grid and information management of the protected areas.
Land Use Allocation Based on a Multi-Objective Artificial Immune Optimization Model: An Application in Anlu County, China
Authors: Ma Xiaoya , Zhao Xiang
Published: November 2015

As the main feature of land use planning, land use allocation (LUA) optimization is an important means of creating a balance between the land-use supply and demand in a region and promoting the sustainable utilization of land resources. In essence, LUA optimization is a multi-objective optimization problem under the land use supply and demand constraints in a region. In order to obtain a better sustainable multi-objective LUA optimization solution, the present study proposes a LUA model based on the multi-objective artificial immune optimization algorithm (MOAIM-LUA model). The main achievements of the present study are as follows: (a) the land-use supply and demand factors are analyzed and the constraint conditions of LUA optimization problems are constructed based on the analysis framework of the balance between the land use supply and demand; (b) the optimization objectives of LUA optimization problems are defined and modeled using ecosystem service value theory and land rent and price theory; and (c) a multi-objective optimization algorithm is designed for solving multi-objective LUA optimization problems based on the novel immune clonal algorithm (NICA). On the basis of the aforementioned achievements, MOAIM-LUA was applied to a real case study of land-use planning in Anlu County, China. Compared to the current land use situation in Anlu County, optimized LUA solutions offer improvements in the social and ecological objective areas. Compared to the existing models, such as the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, experimental results demonstrate that the model designed in the present study can obtain better non-dominated solution sets and is superior in terms of algorithm stability.
Risky Business: Sustainability and Industrial Land Use across Seattle’s Gentrifying Riskscape
Authors: Abel Troy , White Jonah , Clauson Stacy
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the spatial and temporal trajectories of Seattle’s industrial land use restructuring and the shifting riskscape in Seattle, WA, a commonly recognized urban model of sustainability. Drawing on the perspective of sustainability as a conflicted process, this research explored the intersections of urban industrial and nonindustrial land use planning, gentrification, and environmental injustice. In the first part of our research, we combine geographic cluster analysis and longitudinal air toxic emission comparisons to quantitatively investigate socioeconomic changes in Seattle Census block-groups between 1990, 2000, and 2009 coupled with measures of pollution volume and its relative potential risk. Second, we qualitatively examine Seattle’s historical land use policies and planning and the growing tension between industrial and nonindustrial land use. The gentrification, green cities, and growth management conflicts embedded within sustainability/livability lead to pollution exposure risk and socioeconomic vulnerability converging in the same areas and reveal one of Seattle’s significant environmental challenges. Our mixed-method approach can guide future urban sustainability studies to more effectively examine the connections between land use planning, industrial displacement, and environmental injustice. Our results also help sustainable development practitioners recognize that a more just sustainability in Seattle and beyond will require more planning and policy attention to mitigate obscured industrial land use conflicts.
Social Justice as a Link between Sustainability and Educational Sciences
Authors: Ketschau Thilo
Published: November 2015

This position paper defines and substantiates the relevance of educational sciences as design elements of socially sustainable development in economics and society. Therefore, a theoretical-normative link of the fields of social sustainability, social justice, and educational sciences is discussed to build a foundation for further concepts that may synergistically address social sustainability and education. Because social sustainability currently seems to be the least addressed dimension of sustainability research and practice, this paper might provide a new impulse in this field. The linkage of the three fields will be accomplished with a hermeneutic-analytical approach, identifying possible interdependencies in the relevant theories and concepts of the disciplines and suggesting necessary modifications. Based on this foundation, a theoretical-normative construct will be designed that describes the link and may be used to deduct practice-related concepts in order to construct related measures.
Fluorescent Protein Approaches in Alpha Herpesvirus Research
Authors: Hogue Ian , Bosse Jens , Engel Esteban , Scherer Julian , Hu Jiun-Ruey , Del Rio Tony , Enquist Lynn
Published: November 2015

In the nearly two decades since the popularization of green fluorescent protein (GFP), fluorescent protein-based methodologies have revolutionized molecular and cell biology, allowing us to literally see biological processes as never before. Naturally, this revolution has extended to virology in general, and to the study of alpha herpesviruses in particular. In this review, we provide a compendium of reported fluorescent protein fusions to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) structural proteins, discuss the underappreciated challenges of fluorescent protein-based approaches in the context of a replicating virus, and describe general strategies and best practices for creating new fluorescent fusions. We compare fluorescent protein methods to alternative approaches, and review two instructive examples of the caveats associated with fluorescent protein fusions, including describing several improved fluorescent capsid fusions in PRV. Finally, we present our future perspectives on the types of powerful experiments these tools now offer.
Oncolytic Adenovirus: Strategies and Insights for Vector Design and Immuno-Oncolytic Applications
Authors: Uusi-Kerttula Hanni , Hulin-Curtis Sarah , Davies James , Parker Alan
Published: November 2015

Adenoviruses (Ad) are commonly used both experimentally and clinically, including oncolytic virotherapy applications. In the clinical area, efficacy is frequently hampered by the high rates of neutralizing immunity, estimated as high as 90% in some populations that promote vector clearance and limit bioavailability for tumor targeting following systemic delivery. Active tumor targeting is also hampered by the ubiquitous nature of the Ad5 receptor, hCAR, as well as the lack of highly tumor-selective targeting ligands and suitable targeting strategies. Furthermore, significant off-target interactions between the viral vector and cellular and proteinaceous components of the bloodstream have been documented that promote uptake into non-target cells and determine dose-limiting toxicities. Novel strategies are therefore needed to overcome the obstacles that prevent efficacious Ad deployment for wider clinical applications. The use of less seroprevalent Ad serotypes, non-human serotypes, capsid pseudotyping, chemical shielding and genetic masking by heterologous peptide incorporation are all potential strategies to achieve efficient vector escape from humoral immune recognition. Conversely, selective vector arming with immunostimulatory agents can be utilized to enhance their oncolytic potential by activation of cancer-specific immune responses against the malignant tissues. This review presents recent advantages and pitfalls occurring in the field of adenoviral oncolytic therapies.
Coxsackievirus B4 Can Infect Human Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Alidjinou Enagnon , Sané Famara , Trauet Jacques , Copin Marie-Christine , Hober Didier
Published: November 2015

Beyond acute infections, group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are also reported to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, like type 1 diabetes. The viral pathogenesis mainly relies on the interplay between the viruses and innate immune response in genetically-susceptible individuals. We investigated the interaction between CVB4 and macrophages considered as major players in immune response. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF were inoculated with CVB4, and infection, inflammation, viral replication and persistence were assessed. M-CSF-induced MDM, but not GM-CSF-induced MDM, can be infected by CVB4. In addition, enhancing serum was not needed to infect MDM in contrast with parental monocytes. The expression of viral receptor (CAR) mRNA was similar in both M-CSF and GM-CSF MDM. CVB4 induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) in both MDM populations. CVB4 effectively replicated and persisted in M-CSF MDM, but IFNα was produced in the early phase of infection only. Our results demonstrate that CVB4 can replicate and persist in MDM. Further investigations are required to determine whether the interaction between the virus and MDM plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVB-induced chronic diseases.
An Evolutionarily Young Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Endogenous Retrovirus Identified from Next Generation Sequence Data
Authors: Tsangaras Kyriakos , Mayer Jens , Alquezar-Planas David , Greenwood Alex
Published: November 2015

Transcriptome analysis of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) tissues identified sequences with similarity to Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV). Based on these sequences, four proviral copies and 15 solo long terminal repeats (LTRs) of a newly described endogenous retrovirus were characterized from the polar bear draft genome sequence. Closely related sequences were identified by PCR analysis of brown bear (Ursus arctos) and black bear (Ursus americanus) but were absent in non-Ursinae bear species. The virus was therefore designated UrsusERV. Two distinct groups of LTRs were observed including a recombinant ERV that contained one LTR belonging to each group indicating that genomic invasions by at least two UrsusERV variants have recently occurred. Age estimates based on proviral LTR divergence and conservation of integration sites among ursids suggest the viral group is only a few million years old. The youngest provirus was polar bear specific, had intact open reading frames (ORFs) and could potentially encode functional proteins. Phylogenetic analyses of UrsusERV consensus protein sequences suggest that it is part of a pig, gibbon and koala retrovirus clade. The young age estimates and lineage specificity of the virus suggests UrsusERV is a recent cross species transmission from an unknown reservoir and places the viral group among the youngest of ERVs identified in mammals.
Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation Application on Water Movement and Nitrogen Transport for a Wheat Crop under Drip Irrigation in the North China Plain
Authors: Sui Juan , Wang Jiandong , Gong Shihong , Xu Di , Zhang Yanqun
Published: November 2015

For improving water scarcity and groundwater pollution from agriculture, two-year experiments (2011–2013) with three water levels (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 evaporation (E) in 20-cm-diameter pans) and four nitrogen (N) levels (120, 140 and 190 kg·ha−1 in 2012 and 120, 190 and 290 kg·ha−1 in 2013) were conducted to study effects of water and N availability on water movement and N transport for a wheat crop under drip irrigation in the North China Plain. The results indicated that under drip irrigation, deep percolation at 1-m depth was stable at 0.5–0.8 E with the same N rate for winter wheat. At 0.5–0.8 E, deep percolation was also relatively stable with increasing N rate from 120 to 140 kg·ha−1 or from 190 to 290 kg·ha−1. The irrigation schedule and N rates only affected N leaching below the root zone of winter wheat (60-cm depth), while the N residual in the soil layer presented more risk to the environment than N leaching. In general, the 290-kg-ha−1 N level was not recommended using drip fertigation for winter wheat in the North China Plain. The empirical equation given by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources was also not recommended for estimating the drainage under drip irrigation.
Les fouilles de la collégiale Saint-Pierre de Lille. II. Le matériel. L'interprétation historique
Authors: Blieck Gilles
Published: November 2015

Seconde et dernière partie de la publication des recherches de 1985, menées sur la chapelle Notre-Dame de la Treille et une partie de la chapelle paroissiale contiguë en préalable au projet d'extension du Conservatoire de Musique. Le matériel présenté dans un premier temps concerne à la fois l'occupation du haut Moyen Age (céramiques, objets divers) et la collégiale proprement dite (pierres tombales, éléments architecturaux, graffiti, peintures murales, etc.), tandis qu'une interprétation des résultats de la fouille, faisant largement appel aux sources écrites, est proposée dans un second temps. La chronologie de la construction et des diverses modifications apportées aux chapelles étudiées est ainsi établie, de même que l'identification des deux caveaux ayant successivement supporté le célèbre mausolée de Louis de Male érigé en 1453 par Philippe le Bon.
Une épée de l'époque Viking au musée de Denain.
Authors: Leman Pierre , Delattre Bernard , Hantute Gaston
Published: November 2015

Petersen).

La deuxième hypothèse a la préférence des auteurs qui par ailleurs établissent des comparaisons avec l'épée de Donnybrook (Irlande). Les analyses chimique et métallographique ont mis en évidence la structure (épée non damassée, à lame aux bords rapportés par soudure) et le procédé de fabrication et de trempe, en progrès par rapport à l'époque mérovingienne.

La fortification de l'oppidum à Etrun pour Louis III en amont de Denain, en 881 s'inscrit peut-être dans le contexte historique de cette découverte, qui eut lieu à Denain même en 1918. Elle doit, à présent, compléter les répertoires d'épées Scandinaves dressés par Haakon Shetelig et Holger Arbman.
Antiquités africaines dans les collections du Nord. III : La collection Théry, Lille.
Authors: Hanoune Roger
Published: November 2015

Introduction to the Théry Collection of Antiques, Lille, from North Africa : mainly an unpublished Latin inscription from Philippeville-Skikda (Rusicade), and a defixion tablet in Greek from Carthage, as well as a small stucco capital curiously moulded on a vault-tube.
Jean de Wavrin, un bibliophile du quinzième siècle.
Authors: Naber Antoinette
Published: November 2015

Jean de Wavrin, een Bourgondisch kroniekschrijver, heeft niet alleen een roi gespeeld in de letterkunde van die tijd : hij bezat een bibliotheek, die volgens Georges Doutrepont een van de belangrijkste in die kringen was. Wavrin leek nochtans niet voorbestemd om een grote bibliotheek samen te stellen (zoals andere Bourgondische bibliofielen). Wij hebben de sociale en financiële positie van het huis Wavrin, en speciaal van Jean de Wavrin, bestudeerd om na te gaan wie deze ex-militair geweest is, hoe hij boekenliefhebber geworden is en welke plaats hij bekleedde in de toenmalige adel.
La fête au cœur. Une approche de la sociabilité septentrionale du XIVe au XXe siècle.
Authors: Muchembled Robert
Published: November 2015

The feast lies deep in the heart of man. A compound of symbols and realities, it goes much further than the entertainment it offers. It is indeed a language of sociability. It can then only be understood with a reference to the precise, dated and sociologically defined environment in which it appears and whose values it expresses. It also establishes itself as a dialogue between the local communities and the encompassing authorities, or between the individual and sacredness.

This global historical phenomenon makes it possible to approach the original sociability of the cultural area marked by patronal feasts, kermesses and urban belfries : the north of France, Belgium and today's Netherlands. A program of research is defined outlining the most important features of the subject, from the end of the Middle Ages to the XXth century. Then there comes an introduction to the twelve articles presented in this issue of the Revue du Nord : in spite of the differences in style or methodology, they all combine to show the wealth of the theme surveyed and the originality of this northern civilization who has had for centuries the feast at heart.
Cambrai en folie (XIVe-XVIe siècle).
Authors: Fouret Claude
Published: November 2015

A travers les comptes du chapitre cathédral de Cambrai, on retrouve les traces des abbés des Fous et des évêques des Innocents, qui, entre Noël et l'Epiphanie, remplissaient de bruits, d'agitations et de rires les rues de la ville de Cambrai. Si les origines de telles coutumes restent obscures, il semble que les réjouissances atteignirent leur apogée aux XVe et XVIe siècles avant d'être brisées et anéanties par les forces vives de la Contre-Réforme. Mœurs païennes ou rites d'un christianisme médiéval imprégné de pensée magique, elles présidèrent lentement et dans l'ombre, à la naissance du théâtre et en particulier de la comédie. Le bruit, la folie et la fureur furent là pour vaincre la peur du simulacre, de cette imitation irrévérencieuse, perverse et diabolique qu'est le spectacle. Fêtes des Fous et des Innocents créèrent ainsi, pendant les Douze Jours intercalaires entre le calendrier lunaire et le calendrier solaire, une zone de liberté et un temps que la réalité n'enchaînait plus. C'est cet intervalle que colonisèrent petit à petit auteurs et acteurs de comédie, profitant de la trêve folklorique, pour, peu à peu, codifier les genres et créer le théâtre. Lorsque, frappés par l'intériorisation du sentiment religieux et par la rigueur réformatrice, les excès folkloriques furent condamnés et durent disparaître, troupes, comédiens et dramaturges survécurent.
Quelques œuvres du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lille évoquant des fêtes et jeux traditionnels.
Authors: Oursel Hervé
Published: November 2015

Les œuvres conservées dans un musée des Beaux-Arts n'ont pas seulement une valeur esthétique. Leur étude iconographique peut apporter de précieux renseignements sur des aspects divers de la vie d'autrefois et c'est ainsi que tableaux et objets des collections du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lille évoquent des fêtes et jeux traditionnels. La céramique régionale s'est souvent inspirée de ces festivités pour des décors aux panneaux de carreaux de faïence ou dans des assiettes notamment.

Les références ludiques sont plus importantes encore dans le domaine de la peinture et l'on en trouve des témoignages dans la peinture flamande, la peinture hollandaise et la peinture française. Fêtes populaires (Tilborgh, Van Apshoven), cortèges traditionnels (Van Bredael), jeux variés (Dirk Hals, Ryckaert, Boilly) ou camelots (Louis Watteau) permettent autant de représentations pittoresques pour le plus grand plaisir des spectateurs.
La situation des industries textiles du Pas-de-Calais sous l'Ancien Régime et au début du XIXe siècle : première approche.
Authors: Rosselle Dominique
Published: November 2015

Er bestaat nog geen geschiedenis van de textielindustrie in dit département (Pas-de-Calais). De verslagen van de administratie in de 17de en 18de eeuw en het statistisch onderzoek tijdens het eerste Keizerrijk brengen aan het licht dat de textielindustrie niet de voornaamste ekonomische aktiviteit in het département was, dat bleef de landbouw. Tijdens het Ancien Régime bleef de vlasindustrie in de Leîevallei geconcentreerd, men bewerkte wol op het platteland in de streek van Arras, katoen kwam slechts hier en daar voor. Tijdens het Keiizerrijk kwam men nog niet tot de oprichting van grote stedelijke manufakturen, maar het volume van de handel en het prijsniveau schommelden dan voortdurend wegens de continentale blokkade.
Le textile artificiel : substitut de la soie ou ersatz.
Authors: Hardy-Hémery Odette
Published: November 2015

Why is it an innovative industry, born in the North with the optimism of the 1920's, only brought losses into its wake and sometimes only meant financial abysses for its initiators ? State of the art plants, with a high level of capitalistic investment, yet reach the profit-making threshold. The commercial treatment of subsidiaries by founder companies, the weight of indépendant customers competing with them, the national and international environments, the reference to the fighting spirit displayed by other leaders in this field of new products lead to a better understanding of the traps these surrogate products may fall into.
Vers la constitution du textile en secteur dominant de l'économie régionale.
Authors: Cunat Fédérico
Published: November 2015

De crisis die het ekonomisch leven van het Noordfranse gewest treft brengt een aantal veranderingen mee. Textiel is nu de voornaamste ekonomische sektor geworden. De financiële concentratie vloeit voort uit een aantal technische herstructureringen in de période 1960-1980. De werkverdeling op internationale schaal heeft invloed op de interne structuur en de re-organisatie van groepen. Het gevolg daarvan is territoriale mobiliteit op verschillende gebieden : lokaal, regionaal (conversie), nationaal en Europees (integratie) en international (handel en R.I.T.).
Synthesis of D-fructose-derived spirocyclic 2-substituted-2-oxazoline ribosides
Authors: Vangala Madhuri , Shinde Ganesh P
Published: November 2015

The TMSOTf-mediated synthesis of β-configured spirocyclic 2-substituted-2-oxazoline ribosides was achieved using a “Ritter-like” reaction in toluene through nucleophilic addition of electron-rich nitriles to the oxacarbenium ion intermediate of 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-psicofuranose derivatives with concomitant intramolecular trapping of the C2 hydroxymethyl group on the electrophilic nitrilium carbon. These carbohydrate-derived spirooxazolines are stable and were obtained in good yield with high stereoselectivity due to the conformational rigidity imparted by the 3,4-isopropylidene group.
A MODEL FOR IDENTIFYING OWNER’S NEEDS IN THE BUILDING LIFE CYCLE
Authors: Alshubbak Ali , Pellicer Eugenio , Catalá Joaquín , Teixeira José M. C.
Published: November 2015

Building life cycle is a process which covers not only the construction phase but also the feasibility, the design and the operation phases. Identifying the owner’s needs in all phases of this process is of paramount importance for achieving satisfactory results for the building project. Additionally, the owner’s needs should be fulfilled by the work scope of every stakeholder involved in the project. Nevertheless, these needs are not always adequately considered in building projects. Thus, the purpose of the research reported in this paper has been to develop a model that allows for the identification of the owner’s needs in all phases of the building life cycle. The article presents a six level classification system for the information required in the project and a two-dimensional model that maps the life cycle and the logical actions to be undertaken in each phase. The model has been corroborated and improved by applying the Delphi technique to a panel of ten experts in two rounds. The practical use of the model is through the systematic application of a series of questionnaires built upon the information classification system for determining the owner’s needs. The paper details the operation phase of the model as an illustrative example and a case study on a residential building project of twelve apartments in Spain.
ROBUST VIBRATION CONTROL OF WIND-EXCITED HIGHRISE BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Wang Nengmou , Adeli Hojjat
Published: November 2015

A robust filtered sliding mode control (SMC) approach is presented for vibration control of wind-excited highrise building structures. Rather than using a Lyapunov-function based control design, an alternative way is provided to find the control force based on the equivalent control force principle to obtain the control force. A low pass filter is properly selected to remove the high-frequency components of the control force while retaining the structural stability. The performance of the proposed filtered SMC is evaluated by application to a wind-excited 76-story building benchmark problem equipped with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) on the roof. Due to the elimination of high-frequency part of the control force, the structure, sensors, actuators, and dampers are all less excited, and consequently their response is reduced compared with the unfiltered SMC approach. In addition, the required control forces are reduced which means a reduction in the size of actuators, thus making their implementation more practical. It is shown the proposed method is more robust to structural stiffness uncertainties compared with the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) algorithm and another implementation of SMC.
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTI GATI ON OF COLD-FORMED STEEL BEAM-TO-COLUMN BOLTE D GUSSET-PLATE JOINTS
Authors: Bučmys Žilvinas , Daniūnas Alfonsas
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, cold-formed constructions are being used more frequently on construction sites because of the good strength-to-cost ratio. However, insufficient studies are published examining the properties of these constructions. This paper investigates the behaviour of bolted gusset-plate joint since it is one of the easiest ways to connect a beam to a column. The paper presents analytical calculations using the component method and experimental test results. The joint was investigated using the mechanical model of three springs. The mechanical model for the calculation of bolt group stiffness was created according to Eurocode 3 Part 1–8 Stiffness formulations (EN 1993-1-8 2005) (originally, it is recommended for elements that are 4 mm and thicker). The technique for the calculation of the stiffness of a gusset plate is presented. The strength of the joint was calculated using the technique introduced in Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-8 2005; EN 1993-1-1 2005; EN 1993-1-3 2006; EN 1993-1-5 2006).
THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON TRADE IN EDUCATION
Authors: TAY Christina
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Internet impacts trade in education. Divided into three time frames – 2000 to 2006, 2007 to 2012 and 2000 to 2012, data on 189 countries was used to compare the impact of different intensities of the Internet access on trade in education. This research uses the following methods to analyse data: pooled ordinary least squares regression, fixed-effects model and random effects model. Results suggest that the Internet facilitates trade in education, the impact of which is between 16.4% and 21% for every 0.01% increase in Internet access. Larger countries and countries that share a common language show a highly significant impact of the Internet on trade in education for all three time frames at 0.01%. However, economic health of a country does not necessarily imply greater trade. This study finds mixed results for fixed (wired) broadband over the three time frames. The results explain between 63.2% and 74.9% of the impact of the Internet on trade in education. Finally, the results of this study strongly suggest that improving Internet access in a country will stimulate trade in education.
Reviewers 2014-2015
Authors: Chief Editor in
Published: November 2015

"Reviewers 2014-2015." Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 21(6), 1–6
Clinical Experience With the First Commercially Available Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography System
Authors: Pfau Maximilian , Michels Stephan , Binder Susanne , Becker Matthias D.
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

A retrospective, single-center case-series was initiated to evaluate initial clinical experience with the first commercially available intraoperative optical coherence tomography system (iOCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The Rescan 700 iOCT (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), a spectral-domain OCT system integrated into a surgical microscope, was used in 40 consecutive cases. A standardized review was used to assess whether iOCT imaging resulted in additional information and/or altered decision-making.

RESULTS:

The iOCT system was usable in conjunction with common chromovitrectomy dyes and tamponades. The surgeons reported that iOCT imaging provided additional information in 74.1% of the posterior and combined surgical cases, which resulted in altered decision-making in 41.9% of the cases. The iOCT imaging time, on average, amounted to 167 seconds. In anterior procedures, the surgeons reported gaining additional information in 22.2% of all cases, but no cases of altered decision-making were reported. Hereby, the iOCT imaging time amounted to 117 seconds, on average.

CONCLUSION:

The demonstrated results suggest iOCT has the potential to improve the quality of posterior and anterior segment surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:1001–1008.]
Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Degeneration in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Symes Richard , Young Mei , Forooghian Farzin
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Retinal degeneration in birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) has been assessed qualitatively using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether these changes could be quantified.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The charts of 22 eyes of 11 patients with BSCR and 22 eyes of 22 controls were reviewed. SD-OCT was used to determine the photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) volume and choroidal thickness.

RESULTS:

PROS volume in patients with BSCR was lower than in controls (
P
< .003). Furthermore, the PROS volume in BSCR patients with abnormalities on electroretinography (ERG) was lower than the PROS volume in BSCR patients with normal ERGs (
P
< .02). There was no correlation between PROS volume and choroidal thickness (r = 0.27;
P
= .22).

CONCLUSION:

SD-OCT can be used to quantitate retinal degeneration in BSCR. The retinal and choroidal degeneration in BSCR are not correlated, suggesting that the inflammatory pathophysiology affecting these two structures may be different.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:1009–1012.]