bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die andere Seite von Integration: Zur Rolle der Aufnahmegesellschaft
Authors: Glorius Birgit , Bürer Miriam , Gasch Simone , Schneider Hanne
Published: November 2022

Das Kapitel nimmt die Rolle der Aufnahmegesellschaft für die Integration von Geflüchteten in ländlichen Regionen in den Blick. Unter der konzeptionellen Rahmung lokaler Rezeptivität werden zentrale empirische Ergebnisse aus einer quantitativen Bevölkerungsbefragung in 40 Kommunen, leitfadengestützten Interviews und lokaler Mediendiskurse vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Besonderheiten ländlicher Gesellschaften in Bezug auf Offenheit und Toleranz sowie dem Zusammenhang von Integration und Fragen ländlicher Entwicklung. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Relevanz der gesellschaftlichen Strukturen für die Integration von Geflüchteten.
Choosing Castration: A Thematic Analysis of the Perceived Pros and Cons of Genital Injuries and Ablation by Men Who Voluntarily Sought Castration
Authors: Wibowo Erik , Wong Samantha T. S. , Wassersug Richard J. , Johnson Thomas W.
Published: November 2022

Some men elect castration voluntarily without any clear medical reason. Here we aim to document their perception of genital ablation and injuries to better understand their motivations for castration. Participants completed an online survey with open-ended questions related to their perspectives on castration, genital ablation, and genital injuries. Thematic analyses were performed on the responses to these questions. Responses were obtained from 208 male castrated individuals (51.9 ± 16.0 years old). Among these, 154 were physically castrated, 36 chemically castrated, and 18 nullified (had testicles and penis removed). The majority learned about castration from media (55.8%) or animal castration (23.4%). The circumstances when they first wanted to be castrated varied greatly. Most (46.3%) wished to achieve an idealized self motivated by gender dysphoria, body integrity dysphoria, or wanting to be conspicuously non-sexual. The top themes we identified related to the respondents’ perceptions of the pros of genital ablation were physical appearance, psychological benefit (i.e., a “eunuch calm”), and being non-sexual. Conversely, themes related to the cons they saw in having no genitals ranged from no disadvantages to loss of sexual/reproductive capability. Some perceived performing genital injury as a step toward ultimate castration or nullification. The respondents similarly varied in whether they saw any loss in having non-functional testicles. Perceptions in this regard appeared to differ depending on whether the respondents were taking supplemental androgens post-castration. Motivations for castration vary greatly between individuals. Clinicians need to understand men’s diverse perceptions on castration in order to provide appropriate care for individuals with strong castration desire.
Comparison of different quantitative evaluation protocols for peri-device leak detection using cardiac computed tomography angiography after left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Li Shiqi , Dong Jing , Luo Jie , Wang Gaofeng , Xie Dujiang , Zhou Ling
Published: November 2022

This study seeks to propose and compare different quantitative evaluation methods for identifying patients with peri-device leak (PDL) using cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Patients who had undergone left atrial appendage (LAA) closure and both transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and CCTA were enrolled. Hounsfield units (HU) were measured in the proximal and distal regions of the left atrial appendage (p-LAA, d-LAA) on the CCTA, and the average of the two was determined (a-LAA). The relative HU ratios of the LAA to the center of the left atrium (LA) were calculated (p-LAA/c-LA, d-LAA/c-LA, a-LAA/c-LA). The area under the curve (AUC) for the LAA HU and the LAA/LA HU ratio were analyzed and compared. Fifty-one patients were included in this study. Pairwise comparisons showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.029) in diagnostic performance between the d-LAA (AUC = 0.868) and a-LAA (AUC = 0.972). There were no significant differences between the a-LAA and p-LAA (p = 0.549) or between the d-LAA and p-LAA (p = 0.053). At the optimal cutoff for a-LAA of 115.5 HU, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 88%. At the optimal cutoff for p-LAA of 109 HU, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 84%. The LAA/LA HU ratio did not exhibit better diagnostic performance than HU attenuation in the LAA (p > 0.05). The a-LAA > 115.5 is useful in identifying PDL. Due to its convenience and intuitiveness, p-LAA > 109.0 can also be used as an alternative protocol for a-LAA.
Scale effects in the post-cracking behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Accornero Federico , Rubino Alessio
Published: November 2022

The scale effects on the global structural response of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) beams subjected to bending are discussed in the framework of Fracture Mechanics by means of the Updated Bridged Crack Model (UBCM). This model predicts different post-cracking regimes depending on two dimensionless numbers: the reinforcement brittleness number, NP, which is related to the fibre volume fraction, Vf; and the pull-out brittleness number, Nw, which is related to the fibre embedment length, wc. Both these dimensionless numbers depend on the beam depth, h, which, keeping the other variables to be constant, drives a ductile-to-brittle transition in the post-cracking regime of the composite. The critical value of the reinforcement brittleness number, NPC, allows for prediction of the minimum (critical) specimen size, hmin, which, analogously to the minimum fibre volume fraction, Vf,min, is required to achieve a stable post-cracking response. Numerical simulations are compared to experimental results reported in the scientific literature, in which FRC specimens, characterized by the same fibre volume fraction but different sizes, are tested in bending.
Bias? Clarifying the language barrier between epidemiologists and economists
Authors: Varga AN , Guevara Morel AE , van Dongen JM , Lokkerbol J , Lindeboom M , van Tulder MW , Bouter LM , Bosmans JE
Published: November 2022

In health intervention research, epidemiologists and economists are more and more interested in estimating causal effects based on observational data. However, collaboration and interaction between both disciplines are regularly clouded by differences in the terminology used. Amongst others, this is reflected in differences in labeling, handling, and interpreting the sources of bias in parameter estimates. For example, both epidemiologists and economists use the term selection bias. However, what economists label as selection bias is labeled as confounding by epidemiologists. This paper aims to shed light on this and other subtle differences between both fields and illustrate them with hypothetical examples. We expect that clarification of these differences will improve the multidisciplinary collaboration between epidemiologists and economists. Furthermore, we hope to empower researchers to select the most suitable analytical technique from either field for the research problem at hand.
How do previously inactive individuals restructure their time to ‘fit in’ morning or evening exercise: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brooker Paige G. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , King Neil A. , McMahon Nicholas F. , Leveritt Michael D.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in sedentary and active behaviors when previously inactive adults start exercising in the morning or evening. One-hundred adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were recruited for a 12-week intervention and randomized to one of three groups: (i) morning exercise (AMEx; 0600–0900); (ii) evening exercise (PMEx; 1600–1900); or (iii) waitlist control. AMEx and PMEx were prescribed self-paced aerobic exercise to achieve a weekly total of 250 min via a combination of supervised and unsupervised training. Sedentary and active behavior times were measured at baseline, mid- and post-intervention using the multimedia activity recall for children and adults. Time spent engaging in physical activity was significantly increased from baseline at both mid- (+ 14–22 min·day−1) and post-intervention (+ 12–19 min·day−1), for AMEx and PMEx. At 12-weeks, participants in both morning and evening exercise groups reported increased time spent Sleeping (+ 36 and + 20 min·day−1, respecitively), and reduced time spent watching TV/playing videogames (− 32 and − 25 min·day−1, respectively). In response to an exercise stimulus, previously inactive adults make encouraging modifications in how they use their time, and the patterns of change are similar with morning and evening exercise.
An updated and comprehensive review on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson
Authors: Haque Ehfazul , Bari Md. Sazzadul , Khandokar Labony , Anjum Juhaer , Jantan Ibrahim , Seidel Veronique , Haque Md. Areeful
Published: November 2022

Tinospora crispa(L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae) is a plant indigenous to Africa and South-East Asia. It is widely used in ethnomedicine to alleviate various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, jaundice, inflammation, fever, fractures, scabies, and urinary disorders. A total of 167 phytoconstituents, belonging to 12 different chemical categories, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds have thus far been isolated from various parts ofT. crispa.Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have already established the antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antihyperuricemic, and pesticidal activity of this plant, as well as its effects on the cardiac and the central nervous system. Most pharmacological investigations to date have been carried out on plant extracts and fractions. The exact identity of the phytoconstituents responsible for the observed biological effects and their mode of action at the molecular level are yet to be ascertained. Toxicological studies have demonstrated thatT. crispais relatively safe, although dose-dependent hepatotoxicity is a concern at high doses. This review presents a comprehensive update and analysis on studies related to the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile ofT. crispa. It provides some critical insights into the current scientific knowledge on this plant and its future potential in pharmaceutical research.
A combined deformable model and medical transformer algorithm for medical image segmentation
Authors: Tang Zhixian , Duan Jintao , Sun Yanming , Zeng Yanan , Zhang Yile , Yao Xufeng
Published: November 2022

Deep learning–based segmentation models usually require substantial data, and the model usually suffers from poor generalization due to the lack of training data and inefficient network structure. We proposed to combine the deformable model and medical transformer neural network on the image segmentation task to alleviate the aforementioned problems. The proposed method first employs a statistical shape model to generate simulated contours of the target object, and then the thin plate spline is applied to create a realistic texture. Finally, a medical transformer network was constructed to segment three types of medical images, including prostate MR image, heart US image, and tongue color images. The segmentation accuracy of the three tasks achieved 89.97%, 91.90%, and 94.25%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves medical image segmentation performance.

Graphical abstract
Amorfrutin B Protects Mouse Brain Neurons from Hypoxia/Ischemia by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Autophagy Processes Through Gene Methylation- and miRNA-Dependent Regulation
Authors: Przepiórska Karolina , Wnuk Agnieszka , Beyer Cordian , Kajta Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

Amorfrutin B is a selective modulator of the PPARγ receptor, which has recently been identified as an effective neuroprotective compound that protects brain neurons from hypoxic and ischemic damage. Our study demonstrated for the first time that a 6-h delayed post-treatment with amorfrutin B prevented hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis in terms of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, heterochromatin foci formation, and expression of specific genes and proteins. The expression of all studied apoptosis-related factors was decreased in response to amorfrutin B, both during hypoxia and ischemia, except for the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2, which was increased. After post-treatment with amorfrutin B, the methylation rate of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene was inversely correlated with the protein level, which explained the decrease in the BAX/BCL2 ratio as a result of Bax hypermethylation. The mechanisms of the protective action of amorfrutin B also involved the inhibition of autophagy, as evidenced by diminished autophagolysosome formation and the loss of neuroprotective properties of amorfrutin B after the silencing of Becn1 and/or Atg7. Although post-treatment with amorfrutin B reduced the expression levels of Becn1, Nup62, and Ambra1 during hypoxia, it stimulated Atg5 and the protein levels of MAP1LC3B and AMBRA1 during ischemia, supporting the ambiguous role of autophagy in the development of brain pathologies. Furthermore, amorfrutin B affected the expression levels of apoptosis-focused and autophagy-related miRNAs, and many of these miRNAs were oppositely regulated by amorfrutin B and hypoxia/ischemia. The results strongly support the position of amorfrutin B among the most promising anti-stroke and wide-window therapeutics.
Learning as Becoming Conscious: A note on Jablonka and Ginsburg’s Notion of Learning
Authors: Olteanu Alin
Published: November 2022

This commentary addresses the concept of learning stemming from Eva Jablonka and Simona Ginsburg’s theory of the emergence of consciousness. Jablonka and Ginsburg find strong support in biosemiotics for their argument that learning offers an evolutionary transition marker for the emergence of consciousness. Indeed, biosemiotics embraces a view on evolution that integrates both phylogeny and ontogeny. It does not polarize learning and evolving. At the same time, Jablonka and Ginsburg’s argument gives both biosemiotics and learning theory a shake, forcing scholarship in these fields to tackle difficult questions on agency, selfhood, consciousness and anthropological difference. I explore some of the main questions that arise from this theoretical development, particularly in reference to Andrew Stables’ semiotic learning theory, which has been easily nested in a biosemiotic framework.
Organic form and evolution: the morphological problem in twentieth-century italian biology
Authors: Tamborini Marco
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the efforts in evolution research to understand form’s structure that developed in Italy during the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, it analyzes how the organic approach in biology and the study of organic form merged in the morphological research agendas of Giuseppe Colosi (1892–1975) and Giuseppe Levi (1872–1965). These biologists sought to understand form’s inner composition and structure. First, I will briefly outline the morphological practices and frameworks used to study form changes and structures in the early twentieth century. Second, I will discuss what the Italian biologist Antonio Pensa (1874–1970) called the morphological problem. Third, I will examine Colosi’s response to the morphological problem. Fourth, I will analyze Levi’s morphological research program. As a result, this paper paves the way for a more nuanced and varied picture of the so-called “organicism movement” in the first half of the twentieth century by calling attention to morphology as practiced in Italian-speaking biology. In fact, alongside dialectical materialism and holistic biology, two of the main strands within organicism, the architectural approach to evolution as practiced in Italy and elsewhere had a profound impact on twentieth- and twenty-first-century organicism specifically and on evolutionary biology generally.
Triangulation of Theoretical and Empirical Conceptualizations Related to the Rule of Law
Authors: Horák Filip , Lacko David
Published: November 2022

Triangulation of the various methodological approaches towards the rule of law is highly desirable since it allows the combination of benefits and elimination of problematic aspects in each. The present article triangulates the conceptualizations of three approaches relating to the rule of law, namely Bedner’s review of the rule of law theories, the World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index, and the review by Horák et al. of empirical measurement of legal consciousness, and identifies the most significant problem as a lack of communication between them. More precisely, the theoretical conceptualizations are not fully prepared for empirical measurement, and the empirical tools do not reflect the theoretical debate and its outcomes. Therefore, a new conceptualization of the rule of law is proposed to overcome these issues and consequently make the empirical measurement more valid.
A survey and critical analysis of the teaching of medical ethics in UK medical schools
Authors: Deckers Jan
Published: November 2022

This article surveys and analyses the reflections on medical ethics teaching by colleagues teaching in United Kingdom (UK) medical schools in the early 2020s. Participants were recruited mainly by using the worldwide web to identify 64 people from 41 UK medical schools who were thought to contribute to teaching medical ethics based on their internet profiles. Twenty-three people responded. The survey data reveals that many staff are happy with the provision of medical ethics teaching, but also that some are concerned about the quality of provision due to concerns with staff expertise and teaching time. In spite of the fact that the General Medical Council (GMC) and other organisations are perceived to have contributed to raising the profile of medical ethics, there is significant concern with how it is embedded within local UK medical curricula. Some participants contributed hardly or not at all to research in medical ethics, where one attributed this decline in research to the pandemic. Future work will need to address what can be done to improve the provision of medical ethics teaching to address some of these findings and to survey and analyse how perceptions might have changed in light of recent challenges and developments.
The Antler, Ivory, and Bone Artefacts from Maszycka Cave (Southern Poland). New Signals from a Late Upper Palaeolithic Key Site
Authors: Pfeifer Sebastian J.
Published: November 2022

The well-known Late Upper Palaeolithic cave site of Maszycka (southern Poland), excavated in the end of the nineteenth century as well as in the 1960s, furnished a collection of 89 osseous artefacts manufactured from cervid antler, mammoth ivory, and mammal long bone. The great majority are finished tools, mostly projectile points, while raw material blocks, pre-forms, and production waste are represented by only a few pieces. Based on the presence of the characteristic double-split antler tools, distinct projectile morphologies, and recurring ornaments, the assemblage from Maszycka can be assigned to the early Middle Magdalenian facies à navettes which dates to around 19 - 17.5 ka cal. BP. Compared to the western European sites, which also belong to this facies, Maszycka is characterised by a high proportion of ivory tools, reflecting the abundance of this favourable raw material in eastern central Europe, as well as an unusually high proportion of decorated tools, which may relate to an increased need for symbolic communication within the small and geographically isolated Magdalenian group. Both the remarkable typo-technological similarities of the bone industry from Maszycka to contemporary assemblages in France and the gap in the central European archaeological record between 22 and 19 ka cal. BP speak in favour of a direct immigration of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers from western Europe immediately after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Their relations to the bearers of the Epigravettian adjacent to the east and south remain to date poorly understood.
Using Formation Processes to Explore Low-Density Sites and Settlement Patterns: A Case Study from the Swabian Jura
Authors: Varis Aristeidis , Miller Christopher E. , Toniato Giulia , Janas Alexander , Conard Nicholas J.
Published: November 2022

Paleolithic archaeologists often rely on cave and rockshelter sites with rich occupation levels to explore hominin behavior and settlement patterns. However, a closer look into regional occupation data may reveal an uneven distribution of sites and the presence of occupational hiatuses or low-density occupation horizons that often remain understudied. In contrast to this trend, this paper focuses on low-density occupation data to explore regional settlement patterns, using the rich and well-studied Paleolithic record of the Swabian Jura, Germany, as a case study. In this regard, we employ a geoarchaeological approach based on micromorphology to investigate the formation processes of two low-density occupation sites, Schafstall II and Fetzershaldenhöhle, and compare their formation history with the geogenic sequence from Lindenhöhle. We demonstrate that the investigated sites have comparable formation processes, despite their differences in chronology and context. We argue that humans used Schafstall II and Fetzershaldenhöhle for short-term activities, while the sites mostly served as carnivore activity areas, emphasizing the importance of fauna in the accumulation of thick sedimentary sequences. In addition, our findings corroborate the regional climatic record and provide novel insights into the geomorphological history of the less studied Lauchert Valley, where Schafstall II is located. By comparing our results with data from intensively occupied caves in the Swabian Jura, we provide broader implications for the settlement patterns of Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers. We conclude with methodological suggestions for investigating sites in hunter-gatherer contexts combining a distributional and a site-specific approach.
What Makes a Person?
Authors: Hanson Mark , Green Lucy
Published: November 2022

Ever wondered why your life and health can sometimes be so hard to control? Or why it seems so easy for other people? Mark Hanson and Lucy Green draw on their years of experience as scientists and educators to cut through the usual information on genetics and lifestyle to reveal the secrets of early development which start to make each of us unique, during our first 1,000 days from the moment of conception. Some surprising discoveries, based on little-known new research, show how events during our first 1,000 days make each of us who we are and explain how we control our bodies, processes that go way beyond just the genes which we inherited. Provoking new ways of thinking about being parents, this book empowers individuals and society to give the next generation the gift of a good start to life and future health.
The Everyday Makers of International Law
Authors: Soave Tommaso
Published: November 2022

This book offers a unique insight into the inner workings of international courts and tribunals. Combining the rigour of the essay and the creativity of the novel, Tommaso Soave narrates the invisible practices and interactions that make up the dispute settlement process, from the filing of the initial complaint to the issuance of the final decision. At each step, the book unravels the myriad activities of the legal experts running the international judiciary – judges, arbitrators, agents, counsel, advisors, bureaucrats, and specialized academics – and reveals their pervasive power in the process. The cooperation and competition among these inner circles of professionals lie at the heart of international judicial decisions. By shedding light on these social dynamics, Soave takes the reader on a journey through the lives, ambitions, and preoccupations of the everyday makers of international law.
Complexity Economics for Environmental Governance
Authors: Mercure Jean-François
Published: November 2022

In Complexity Economics for Environmental Governance, Jean-François Mercure reframes environmental policy and provides a rigorous methodology necessary to tackle the complexity of environmental policy and the transition to sustainability. The book offers a detailed account of the deficiencies of environmental economics and then develops a theory of innovation and macroeconomics based on complexity theory. It also develops a new foundation for evidence-based policy-making using a Risk-Opportunity Analysis applied to the sustainability transition. This multidisciplinary work was developed in partnership with prominent natural scientists and economists as well as active policy-makers with the aim to revolutionize thinking in the face of the full complexity of the sustainability transition, and to show how it can best be governed to minimize its distributional impacts. The book should be read by academics and policy-makers seeking new ways to think about environmental policy-making.
Sun Tzu in the West
Authors: Lorge Peter
Published: November 2022

It would be hard to overstate the impact of Sun Tzu's The Art of War on military thought. Beyond its impact in Asia, the work has been required reading in translation for US military personnel since the Cold War. Sun Tzu has been interpreted as arguing for 'Indirect Strategy' in contrast to 'Direct Strategy,' the latter idea stemming from Ancient Greece. This is a product of twentieth-century Western thinking, specifically that of Liddell Hart, who influenced Samuel B. Griffith's 1963 translation of Sun Tzu. The credibility of Griffith's translation was enhanced by his combat experience in the Pacific during World War II, and his translation of Mao Zedong's On Guerrilla War. This reading of Sun Tzu is, however, very different from Chinese interpretations. Western strategic thinkers have used Sun Tzu as a foil or facilitator for their own thinking, inadvertently engaging the Western military tradition and propagating misleading generalizations about Chinese warfare.
The Content of COVID-19 Information Searches and Vaccination Intention: An Implication for Risk Communication
Authors: Olagoke Ayokunle A. , Floyd Brenikki , Adebayo Comfort T. , Owoyemi Ayomide , Hughes Ashley M.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to examine the association between COVID-19 information search activities and vaccination intention.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data were collected using online surveys. Independent variables included COVID-19 information search on the (1) science of viral effects of COVID-19 on the body, (2) origin of COVID-19, (3) symptoms and outcomes, (4) transmission and prevention, (5) future outbreak, and (6) policies/procedures to follow. The outcome variable was vaccination intention. A multivariable regression analysis was conducted.

Results:

Participants (N = 501) had a mean age of 32.44 ± 11.94 years, were 55.3% female, and 67.9% were white. Most COVID-19 information searches were on symptoms and outcomes (77.7%) and policies/procedures to follow (69.9%). Intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 was higher among participants who searched for information on the science of viral effects of COVID-19 on the body (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.03-0.43; P = 0.03) and policies/procedures to follow (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.03-0.41; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

People who searched for information about (1) the science of viral effects of COVID-19 and (2) policies/procedures recommendations also reported higher vaccination intention. Risk communication seeking to increase vaccination should meet the consumers’ information demand by prioritizing the scientific rationale for COVID-19 vaccination and by clarifying what policies/procedures are recommended.
Discrete Boltzmann multi-scale modelling of non-equilibrium multiphase flows
Authors: Gan Yanbiao , Xu Aiguo , Lai Huilin , Li Wei , Sun Guanglan , Succi Sauro
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is twofold: the first aim is to formulate and validate a multi-scale discrete Boltzmann method (DBM) based on density functional kinetic theory for thermal multiphase flow systems, ranging from continuum to transition flow regime; the second aim is to present some new insights into the thermo-hydrodynamic non-equilibrium (THNE) effects in the phase separation process. Methodologically, for bulk flow, DBM includes three main pillars: (i) the determination of the fewest kinetic moment relations, which are required by the description of significant THNE effects beyond the realm of continuum fluid mechanics; (ii) the construction of an appropriate discrete equilibrium distribution function recovering all the desired kinetic moments; (iii) the detection, description, presentation and analysis of THNE based on the moments of the non-equilibrium distribution ( $f-f^{(eq)}$). The incorporation of appropriate additional higher-order thermodynamic kinetic moments considerably extends the DBM's capability of handling larger values of the liquid–vapour density ratio, curbing spurious currents, and ensuring mass/momentum/energy conservation. Compared with the DBM with only first-order THNE (Ganet al.,Soft Matt., vol. 11 (26), 2015, pp. 5336–5345), the model retrieves kinetic moments beyond the third-order super-Burnett level, and is accurate for weak, moderate and strong THNE cases even when the local Knudsen number exceeds$1/3$. Physically, the ending point of the linear relation between THNE and the concerned physical parameter provides a distinct criterion to identify whether the system is near or far from equilibrium. Besides, the surface tension suppresses the local THNE around the interface, but expands the THNE range and strengthens the THNE intensity away from the interface through interface smoothing and widening.
The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of thermal, isotope and species interfaces in a five-moment multi-fluid plasma
Authors: Tapinou K.C. , Wheatley V. , Bond D. , Jahn Ingo
Published: November 2022

The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) results from the impulsive acceleration of a density interface where either it or the acceleration is perturbed. Density interfaces may arise due to a change in gas species, isotope, temperature or a combination of these. We computationally investigate the effect of interface type on the plasma RMI, which is relevant for a range of applications, including inertial confinement fusion. We simulate the evolution of single-mode perturbed thermal, species and isotope interfaces in an ideal ion–electron plasma using the multi-fluid plasma (MFP) model. We find that, in the MFP model, the evolution of different types of interface differs significantly, in contrast to single-fluid models where they behave similarly if the Atwood number is matched. The thermal and species interfaces produce the most severe response to shock acceleration, experiencing the secondary instabilities and enhanced primary mode growth. The isotope interface evolution is restrained in comparison with the former cases, resembling the response predicted by single-fluid models. The determining factor in the severity of the MFP RMI is the density ratio across the initial interface in the electron fluid, which is unity for an isotope interface. We observe that, as the density ratio across the electron interface decreases, so do the magnitudes of the self-generated fields and consequently the severity of the growth amplification. Generally, the evolution of the RMI with different types of interface becomes more similar as the level of coupling between the ion and electron fluids is increased, characterised by reducing the plasma non-dimensional skin depth.
Weight management interventions for adults living with overweight or obesity and severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stevens Heidi , Smith Jo , Bussey Lauren , Innerd Alison , McGeechan Grant , Fishburn Sarah , Giles Emma
Published: November 2022

When compared with the general population, people living with severe mental illness (SMI) are 1·8 times more likely to have obesity while in adult mental health secure units, rates of obesity are 20 % higher than the general population. In England, there are currently 490 000 people living with SMI. The aim of this systematic review was to collate and synthesise the available quantitative and qualitative evidence on a broad range of weight management interventions for adults living with SMI and overweight or obesity. Primary outcomes were reductions in BMI and body weight. Following sifting, eighteen papers were included in the final review, which detailed the results of nineteen different interventions; however, there was a lack of qualitative evidence. Pooled results for three studies (MD − 3·49, 95 % CI − 6·85, −0·13,P= 0·04) indicated a small effect in terms of body weight reduction but no effect on BMI for four studies (MD − 0·42, 95 % CI − 1·27, 0·44,P= 0·34). Key recommendations for future research included integration of qualitative methodology into experimental study design, a review of outcome measures and for study authors to follow standardised guidelines for reporting to facilitate complete and transparent reporting.
A longitudinal investigation of non-suicidal self-injury persistence patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes during the college period
Authors: Kiekens Glenn , Claes Laurence , Hasking Penelope , Mortier Philippe , Bootsma Erik , Boyes Mark , Myin-Germeys Inez , Demyttenaere Koen , Cuijpers Pim , Kessler Ronald C. , Nock Matthew K. , Bruffaerts Ronny
Published: November 2022

Background

Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is known typically to begin in adolescence, longitudinal information is lacking about patterns, predictors, and clinical outcomes of NSSI persistence among emerging adults. The present study was designed to (1) estimate NSSI persistence during the college period, (2) identify risk factors and high-risk students for NSSI persistence patterns, and (3) evaluate the association with future mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB).

Methods

Using prospective cohorts from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 5915), part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, web-based surveys assessed mental health and psychosocial problems at college entrance and three annual follow-up assessments.

Results

Approximately one in five (20.4%) students reported lifetime NSSI at college entrance. NSSI persistence was estimated at 56.4%, with 15.6% reporting a high-frequency repetitive pattern (≥five times yearly). Many hypothesized risk factors were associated with repetitive NSSI persistence, with the most potent effects observed for pre-college NSSI characteristics. Multivariate models suggest that an intervention focusing on the 10–20% at the highest predicted risk could effectively reach 34.9–56.7% of students with high-frequency repetitive NSSI persistence (PPV = 81.8–93.4, AUC = 0.88–0.91). Repetitive NSSI persistence during the first two college years predicted 12-month mental disorders, role impairment, and STB during the third college year, including suicide attempts.

Conclusions

Most emerging adults with a history of NSSI report persistent self-injury during their college years. Web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting students at risk for a highly persistent NSSI pattern characterized by subsequent adverse outcomes.
Intervention, Return, and Reinterpretation: The Jasenovac Memorial Museum Collection, 1991–2006
Authors: Zaremba Alexandra
Published: November 2022

This article recalls an important episode in the history of Jasenovac Memorial Museum (JMM). It traces the formative process through which the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and US Department of State intervened to retrieve the Jasenovac collection from Banja Luka in 2000, acted as its temporary guardian until returning it to Croatia in 2001, and continued to assist JMM with its creation of a new permanent exhibition. Situating this moment in the site's history at the intersection of Yugoslavia's dissolution and aftermath, the end of the Cold War and changes to US cultural policy, and the opening of the USHMM, this article analyses how these institutions and associated actors negotiated each other's interests and frameworks. It challenges the notion that museums are strict sites of political hegemony. It shows instead how interactions in and between museums unsettle and reconfigure the local and global power systems that surround us.
Coping Strategies for Exposure to Trauma Situations in First Responders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Díaz-Tamayo Alejandra María , Escobar-Morantes Jorge Reinerio , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The objective of the present work was to characterize the coping strategies used by first responders to emergencies in the face of exposure to traumatic events.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed in the databases MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) from their inception through February 2022. First responders to emergencies with training in the prehospital area and who used validated measurement instruments for coping strategies were included.

Results:

First responders to emergencies frequently used nonadaptive coping strategies, with avoidance or disconnection being one of the main strategies, as a tool to avoid confronting difficult situations and to downplay the perceived stressful event. The nonadaptive coping strategies used by these personnel showed a strong relationship with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, burnout syndrome, psychiatric morbidity, and chronic stress. As part of the adaptive strategies, active coping was found, which includes acceptance, positive reinterpretation, focusing on the problem, self-efficacy, and emotional support, either social or instrumental, as protective strategies for these personnel.

Conclusions:

Developing adaptive coping strategies, whether focused on problems or seeking emotional support, can benefit emergency personnel in coping with stressful situations. These coping strategies should be strengthened to help prevent people from experiencing long-term negative effects that could arise from the traumatic events to which they are exposed. Active coping strategies instead of avoidance strategies should be promoted.
A systematic review of pediatric neuropsychological outcomes with proton versus photon radiation therapy: A call for equity in access to treatment
Authors: Peterson Rachel K. , King Tricia Z.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

There is increasing interest in the utilization of proton beam radiation therapy (PRT) to treat pediatric brain tumors based upon presumed advantages over traditional photon radiation therapy (XRT). PRT provides more conformal radiation to the tumor with reduced dose to healthy brain parenchyma. Less radiation exposure to brain tissue beyond the tumor is thought to reduce neuropsychological sequelae. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of published studies comparing neuropsychological outcomes between PRT and XRT.

Method:

PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were systematically searched for peer-reviewed published studies that compared neuropsychological outcomes between PRT and XRT in pediatric brain tumor patients.

Results:

Eight studies were included. Six of the studies utilized retrospective neuropsychological data; the majority were longitudinal studies (n = 5). XRT was found to result in lower neuropsychological functioning across time. PRT was associated with generally stable neuropsychological functioning across time, with the exception of working memory and processing speed, which showed variable outcomes across studies. However, studies inconsistently included or considered medical and sociodemographic differences between treatment groups, which may have impacted neuropsychological outcomes.

Conclusions:

Despite methodological limitations, including limited baseline neuropsychological evaluations, temporal variability between radiation treatment and first evaluation or initial and follow-up evaluations, and heterogenous samples, there is emerging evidence of sociodemographic inequities in access to PRT. With more institutions dedicating funding towards PRT, there may be the opportunity to objectively evaluate the neuropsychological benefits of patients matched on medical and sociodemographic variables.
Introduction: materialism and materiality in Asia: intellectual thoughts and real challenges
Authors: Laikwan Pang
Published: November 2022

This is an introduction essay to the IJAS special issue “Materialism and Materiality in Asia,” which is devoted to the intersections between Marxist historical materialism and the more recent new materialisms in different Asian contexts. The two materialisms correspond to two pressing social problems we are facing: the social inequality and alienations created by capitalism on the one hand and the environmental crises happening under the Anthropocene on the other. Bringing the two strains of thought together, we hope to explore ways to reconnect with the material world, and to develop theorizations that are more responsible to humans and non-humans.
Lake Sediments From Littoral and Profundal Zones are Heterogeneous but Equivalent Sources of Methane Produced by Distinct Methanogenic Communities—A Case Study From Lake Remoray
Authors: Tardy Vincent , Etienne David , Millet Laurent , Lyautey Emilie
Published: November 2022

Lake ecosystems contribute significantly to atmospheric methane and are likely to become even bigger methane emitters with the global spread of hypoxia/anoxia in freshwater ecosystems. Here we characterized the spatial heterogeneity of methane production potential, methane concentration, archeal and bacterial communities across Lake Remoray sediment during the summer period when hypoxic conditions settle in the deepest part of the water column. It was hypothesized that methane concentration and production would be higher in the deeper part of the lake, our results showed that some littoral areas exhibited similar or higher values than the deepest area. The full 16S rRNA gene sequencing dataset counted 41 OTUs affiliated with methanogenic species in abundances that depended more on sampling‐site location than on the water depth gradient. The methanogenic co‐occurrence network revealed the existence of five distinct sub‐communities, suggesting the presence of different methanogenic niches across Lake Remoray. The variation in abundance of the two larger methanogenic sub‐communities was significantly related to methanogenesis potential and sediment methane concentration across‐lake but further studies investigating their real activities would provide additional insights. In a globally changing environment (temperature, eutrophication, …) a better understanding of the functional specificities and characteristics of the potential of methane cycle actors would allow us to better predict their future implications for greenhouse gas production and mitigation.
The circadian transcription factor ARNTL2 is regulated by weight-loss interventions in human white adipose tissue and inhibits adipogenesis
Authors: Mandl Markus , Viertler Hans P. , Zopoglou Maria , Mitterberger-Vogt Maria C. , Gasser Juliane , Hatzmann Florian M. , Rauchenwald Tina , Zwierzina Marit E. , Mattesich Monika , Weiss Alexander K. H. , Mottes Lorenza , Brucker Camille , Waldegger Petra , Pierer Gerhard , Zwerschke Werner
Published: November 2022

Misalignment of physiological circadian rhythms promotes obesity which is characterized by white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion. Differentiation of Adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) contributes to WAT increase but the importance of the cellular clock in this process is incompletely understood. In the present study, we reveal the role of the circadian transcription factor Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2 (ARNTL2) in human ASCs, isolated from subcutaneous (s)WAT samples of patients undergoing routine elective plastic abdominal surgery. We show that circadian synchronization by serum-shock or stimulation with adipogenic stimuli leads to a different expression pattern of ARNTL2 relative to its well-studied paralogue ARNTL1. We demonstrate that ARNTL2 mRNA is downregulated in ASCs upon weight-loss (WL) whereas ARNTL2 protein is rapidly induced in the course of adipogenic differentiation and highly abundant in adipocytes. ARNTL2 protein is maintained in ASCs cooperatively by mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways while ARNTL2 functions as an inhibitor on both circuits, leading to a feedback mechanism. Consistently, ectopic overexpression of ARNTL2 repressed adipogenesis by facilitating the degradation of ARNTL1, inhibition of Kruppel-Like Factor 15 (KLF15) gene expression and down-regulation of the MAPK-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) axis. Western blot analysis of sWAT samples from normal-weight, obese and WL donors revealed that ARNTL2 protein was solely elevated by WL compared to ARNTL1 which underscores unique functions of both transcription factors. In conclusion, our study reveals ARNTL2 to be a WL-regulated inhibitor of adipogenesis which might provide opportunities to develop strategies to ameliorate obesity.
Three-dimensional imaging of ferroaxial domains using circularly polarized second harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Yokota Hiroko , Hayashida Takeshi , Kitahara Dan , Kimura Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2022

The spontaneous symmetry breakdown of matter is one of the most important concepts in materials physics and leads to a phase transition into an ordered phase and domain formation in its consequence. The so-called ‘ferroaxial order’ characterized by a rotational structural distortion with an axial vector symmetry has gained growing interest as a new class of ordered state. However, the observation of ferroaxial domain states, that is, clockwise and counterclockwise rotational states, is not straightforward and has been little investigated. Here, we propose that the circular intensity difference in second harmonic generation (CID-SHG) offers an experimental technique to investigate ferroaxial order and its domain states through the transition process of higher-order multipoles such as magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole. By using CID-SHG microscopy, we successfully visualize three-dimensional images of ferroaxial domain structures in NiTiO3. Our results indicate that CID-SHG is a sensitive probe of ferroaxial order and opens possibilities for the use of ferroaxial materials in nonlinear optical manipulations.