bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pour une analyse systémique de la technique : exemple de la production de terre cuite architecturale
Authors: Lacheze Cyril
Published: June 2022

Les principes conceptuels de la théorie systémique sont mis en application à travers l’exemple de la terre cuite architecturale. Ils permettent de constater que la mise en œuvre de la technique, comme sa représentation ou son amélioration, dépendent grandement de facteurs sociaux, culturels ou économiques. Les normes sont dues depuis l’époque médiévale aux pouvoirs politiques et administratifs, sans parler des exigences de commanditaires de pièces particulières. Les rédacteurs des traités techniques des xviiie et xixe siècles ont si massivement réemployé des textes préexistants que la pertinence de l’information technique n’y est quasiment jamais assurée. Enfin, les inventeurs devaient surtout compter sur la communication auprès de potentiels investisseurs pour tenter de transformer leurs inventions en innovations.
Facture instrumentale et gestes : éléments pour la restitution historiquement informée du jeu de la clarinette en musique ancienne
Authors: Weckerle Marion
Published: June 2022

Notre article a pour but, à travers l’étude d’un corpus de données passé au crible des méthodes d’analyse pluridisciplinaire de l’histoire des techniques, de fournir des clés de compréhension de l’évolution de la facture d’un instrument de musique : la clarinette, et des gestes des clarinettistes aux xviie et xixe siècles, afin de développer des restitutions historiquement informées rigoureuses du jeu de la clarinette. En effet, il s’agit de mettre en exergue les liens étroits entre l’évolution de l’artisanat de cet instrument et celle de ses techniques de jeu à l’œuvre, dans un domaine habituellement appréhendé a priori comme purement artistique, c’est-à-dire relevant de choix d’interprétation musicale et non pas de recherche scientifique.
Avant-propos
Authors: Cotte Michel
Published: June 2022

Le présent volume des Cahiers François Viète concrétise une coopération de recherche et d’édition entre l’équipe des Cahiers et les journées des jeunes chercheurs organisées chaque année par la Société française d’histoire des sciences et des techniques (SFHST). En effet, ces deux journées réunissent des présentations de recherche en cours, effectuées par des doctorants en fin de thèse ou de jeunes docteurs, qui œuvrent dans les différents domaines de l’histoire des sciences et des techniques ou dont les travaux ont une vocation résolument transversale. Ce numéro des Cahiers présente une sélection de communications présentées aux journées de novembre 2017, à l’université Paris-Diderot, et elles illustrent la dynamique de la recherche en train de se faire et d’être promue par la jeune génération.
Regards croisés sur l’histoire et la philosophie de l’informatique
Authors: Vetter Florian
Published: June 2022

À l’occasion de son numéro anniversaire, le comité des Cahiers François Viète lançait un appel à porter un regard historiographique et réflexif sur l’évolution des champs de recherche en histoire des sciences et des techniques couverts par la revue. Cette invitation nous a donné envie de croiser les regards de plusieurs spécialistes d’histoire ou/et de philosophie de l’informatique. Si cet entretien ne reflète pas l’ensemble des expériences de la communauté, du moins, il permet de prendre la mesure de la variété des approches et d’une génération de chercheurs français, souvent entrée dans le domaine depuis une quinzaine d’années. Baptiste Mélès, Camille Paloque-Bergès, Loïc Petitgirard, Valérie Schafer et Benjamin G. Thierry relèvent les points saillants, ruptures et continuités qu’ils perçoivent dans leur objet de recherche, ses méthodes, ses archives, mais aussi ses réseaux scientifiques.
Persistance et renouvellement des mentalités techniques : le cas de l’opposition entre les techniques solaires actives et passives en architecture
Authors: Gaillard Clément
Published: June 2022

L’histoire des énergies dites alternatives révèle de profondes divergences. Notre article se concentre sur un débat relatif aux techniques de captage, de stockage et de distribution de l’énergie solaire en vue du chauffage domestique, qui a été particulièrement animé durant les années 1970 et 1980 en France comme aux États-Unis, et qui a opposé les partisans des techniques solaires dites « actives » et « passives ». En étudiant la genèse de cette opposition à partir de documents de cette période, nous souhaitons montrer à l’aide de la philosophie des techniques qu’elle illustre une opposition entre deux mentalités techniques divergentes, qui traduit deux approches différentes de cette énergie alternative.
Un imaginaire fossilisé ? Les représentations économiques de l’énergie au défi de la transition bas-carbone
Authors: Missemer Antoine
Published: June 2022

La transition d’un régime énergétique fossile vers un régime bas-carbone est l’un des grands défis du xxie siècle. Le sujet n’est pas seulement technique, mais aussi organisationnel et culturel, touchant aux représentations et aux usages de l’énergie. Cet article revient sur la façon dont se sont construites les représentations économiques conventionnelles de l’énergie depuis le xixe siècle, influençant ici et là la décision publique. À travers les exemples de la prospective et de la distinction renouvelables vs. épuisables, cet article suggère que des dépendances au sentier pèsent toujours sur ces représentations, et qu’à l’heure de penser la transition bas-carbone, sortir de ces dépendances semble essentiel.
Rivages et horizons des énergies marines depuis les années 1970. Deux témoignages de chercheurs : Alain Clément et Philippe Marchand
Authors: Marrec Anaël
Published: June 2022

Ces deux séries d'entretiens donnent la voix a deux acteurs historiques des énergies marines en France : Alain Clément, chercheur au Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique navale de l'École nationale supérieure de mécanique de Nantes, et Philippe Marchand, ingénieur et chef de projet au Centre national pour l'exploitation des océans. Depuis 1976, Alain Clément s'est impliqué dans la recherche et le développement des convertisseurs houlomoteurs. Philippe Mar- chand a dirigé, de 1978 à 1986, un programme national « Énergies marines » portant sur les énergies maréthermique, houlomotrice et marémotrice. Alain Clément et Philippe Marchand apportent a ce numéro plusieurs éclairages spécifiques par leurs projets de nouveaux rivages énergétiques structurés par des horizons techniciens.
“At the end of the days”: Francis Bacon, Daniel 12: 4, and the possibility of science
Authors: Fleming James D.
Published: June 2022

Francis Bacon took his inspiration from the Bible. Specifically, from the vision of the apocalypse in the book of Daniel. This Bacon interprets via the circumnavigations of the 15th and 16th centuries. The scripture predicts an increase of knowledge in the time of the end. Bacon links his own natural philosophy to this apocalyptic hope. Attacking Renaissance Aristotelianism, he proposes an entirely new science. And yet — as scholars have shown — it is surprisingly close to the old one. The solution to this puzzle lies in the Baconian exegesis of Daniel. The end of the world is the meta-theory for Bacon’s scientific theory.
L’émergence de la notion de limite dans la géologie du xixe siècle : d’une vision catastrophiste à un cadre transformiste
Authors: Dreyer Françoise
Published: June 2022

Au début du xixe siècle, une discontinuité paléontologique majeure est établie entre terrains crétacés et tertiaires, évoquant une catastrophe. À cette époque, s’opposent deux conceptions de l’histoire de la vie sur Terre : l’une catastrophiste et l’autre uniformitarienne supposant des changements progressifs de faunes. La découverte de terrains intermédiaires pose tout d’abord la seule question de leur appartenance à l’une ou l’autre formation puis se dégage l’idée d’une limite à placer entre elles, idée à l’origine de vifs débats en absence de critères bien définis et acceptés par tous. En 1878, Edward Cope propose le critère extinction d’espèces pour définir une limite.
Observer le monde minéral : analyse de la construction de pratiques autour de l’identification des roches et des minéraux au milieu du xixe siècle
Authors: Itoïz Marie
Published: June 2022

Le début du xixe siècle est une période particulièrement riche en développement pour la minéralogie. L’étude des minéraux s’effectue par l’utilisation d’une multitude de caractères distinctifs, comme autant d’exemples des diverses pratiques mobilisées par les savants à cette époque. Le propos de cet article est d’aborder plus spécifiquement les usages qu’ont les savants du microscope pour étudier les roches et les minéraux et de questionner entre 1840 et 1860 la manière dont son usage combiné avec des sections fines de roche contribue à modifier son statut.
The Astronomical Navigation in Portugal in the Age of Discoveries
Authors: Costa Canas António
Published: June 2022

This paper is about the evolution of astronomical navigation in Portugal, in the Age of Discoveries. We will focus our attention on the contributions, by the Portuguese mariners, to the determination of latitude at sea, using Polaris or the Sun. Besides the longitude issue has a solution only in the second half of 18th century, the Portuguese sailors intended a method to obtain this geographical coordinate, appealing to the conjunctions and oppositions of the Moon. This method was used in Magellan’s voyage (1519-1522). In this paper, we will try to present these efforts made by the Portuguese, that allowed them to face the vast oceanic waves with some degree of confidence.
Penser les profondeurs marines au xixe siècle : un abîme terrestre et anthropomorphique
Authors: Péton Loïc
Published: June 2022

L’histoire de l’étude des profondeurs marines au xixe siècle permet d’aborder l’approche d’un univers inaccessible situé en marge de la civilisation. Les savants avaient alors tendance à décrire l’abîme marin en mobilisant abondamment l’analogie avec le continent, notamment l’altitude. Dans le même temps, pour exposer la répartition des espèces marines dans les profondeurs, ils dépeignaient les capacités de la faune à l’aide de traits anthropomorphiques. L’analyse de ces deux formes d’analogie permet d’apporter des éléments de réflexion quant à la représentation représentation actuelle d’une biosphère et d’un Homme « en crise » en plein Anthropocène.
Ethnographie comparée de pratiques savantes. Une approche d’histoire des savoirs de l’oralité en Afrique
Authors: Akakpo Yaovi
Published: June 2022

En étudiant les savoirs oraux dans leur « présent ethnographique », les recherches en ethnoscience les réduisent à des patrimoines ethniques clos, et ne prennent pas en compte leurs parcours historiques. L’article nuance la position goodienne, à propos des limites du pouvoir cognitif de l’oralité à fournir, à l’activité scientifique, les modalités de son exercice et de son développement. Il note et illustre, plutôt, l’hypothèse que les trajectoires des pratiques savantes, dans les traditions de l’oralité, sont repérables dans les empreintes que les archives orales reçoivent des espaces culturels dans lesquels elles ont circulé. Il met en honneur, en conséquence, l’ethnographie comparée des pratiques savantes comme approche de l’histoire des savoirs dans les sociétés orales.
Esbozos de unificación: el Partido Nacional uruguayo ante las elecciones de 1954
Authors: Cerrano Carolina , Saravia José Antonio
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se estudia la campaña electoral
del Partido Nacional uruguayo en las elecciones nacionales de 1954,
por las que ingresó como minoría del ejecutivo colegiado de mayoría
colorada. Los nacionalistas, divididos desde principios de la década
del treinta, dieron pasos hacia la unificación. Dentro del lema
Partido Nacional votaron tres tendencias: el herrerismo, el Movimiento
Popular Nacionalista y Reconstrucción Blanca. A pesar del regreso de
esta última al seno del partido, el liderazgo del longevo y
controvertido líder Luis Alberto de Herrera todavía seguía despertando
viscerales rechazos y era el principal escollo para efectivizar una
verdadera unión programática. En este artículo se examinan a partir de
la prensa partidaria las propuestas y la propaganda de cada uno de los
sectores del partido con las que pretendían solucionar los problemas
del país. Además, se incluye al Partido Nacionalista Independiente,
lema diferenciado del Partido Nacional, pero que compartía algunas
ideas, historia y tradición con sus excompañeros.
Le plan d’occupation des sols en Algérie. Outil de participation des habitants ou mode de domination sociale ? Deux études de cas à Oran
Authors: Chachour Madjid
Published: June 2022

Cet article se propose de porter un éclairage sur l’ampleur de la participation des acteurs sociaux (élus, citoyens habitants, administrés) dans l’élaboration des POS (plan d’occupation des sols) en Algérie, ainsi que les motifs de son dévoiement. Pour appréhender cette question, deux études de POS couvrant deux agglomérations communales de la Wilaya (préfecture) d’Oran, Oued Tlélat et Chehaïria, aborderont, en amont et tout au long de leur élaboration, le degré d’implication des acteurs dans le processus participatif. La démarche adoptée est basée sur la recherche-action. L’enquête prend forme autour d’une observation participante et active, et la réalisation d’entretiens auprès des acteurs concernés. Cette contribution a pu montrer l’existence d’un faisceau complexe de rapports de pouvoir entre acteurs sociaux, qui est marqué par la disparité des luttes et des tensions dues aux inégalités des compétences dans la prise de parole. Aussi, comme nous l’indique le sens large de la négociation et de la concertation entre les parties prenantes, il s’agit souvent d’engager leurs intérêts personnels divergents avec des valeurs multiples, notamment pour faire valoir les opinions sur les choix d’aménagements urbains et faire face à l’intransigeance des enjeux communs. Enfin, des pistes pour d’éventuels ajustements du dispositif participatif ont pu être dégagées pour impulser et améliorer l’élaboration des POS en Algérie.
A MODIFIED FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF A POROVISCOELASTIC INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
Authors: Veisari Samira Fazeli , Haghpanahi Mohammad , Saberi Hooshang
Published: June 2022

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the soft tissue between the vertebral bodies, which is responsible for transmitting multi-directional loads through the spine and to allow relative motion between the vertebral bodies. The IVD is composed of three distinct tissues, including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and the cartilaginous endplates. Each of these tissues has a characteristic composition and structure which provide them with unique mechanical properties. Among these, nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus due to their intricate time-dependent mechanical response has always been the topic of interest for the researchers. Here, we aimed at establishing a patient-specific 3D finite element (FE) model of human IVD based on the poroviscoelastic constitutive law. The main objective was to use the data of tensile stress-relaxation tests on the annulus and nucleus regions to find the poroviscoelastic material constitutive law. The model assumed that the disc is a two-phase body consisting of a water-saturated solid matrix. To do that, the available data in the literature was used as the primary material properties of our model. Thereafter, a set of compressive and tensile loadings was applied on the established patient-specific model of the IVD and the FE results of the poroviscoelastic model were compared to the experimental data. This allowed us to determine a new set of revised parameter values for the poroviscoelastic model which will have practical implications for any future FE studies.
Substance Abuse and Its Intersecting Factors
Authors: Bland Hannah Sunshine
Published: June 2022

This chapter will provide recent data on the state of incarceration within the United States of America and will demonstrate the need for a change in care to reduce recidivism and increase the overall mental health of those who are currently in prison. Included will be an overview of the relevance of drug and drug-related crimes within the American prison system, factors that influence the use and abuse of drugs, and how these crimes are treated within state and federal facilities. Alternative approaches and treatment options will be identified and discussed in relation to implementation and success rates within the prison system.
Understanding Parental Incarceration and Its Effects on Children's Mental Health
Authors: Pickett Sara , McCoy Jordan
Published: June 2022

While a deeper understanding of the effects of mass incarceration in the United States has gained recent traction and attention, it is less recognized that the children of those incarcerated are also greatly affected. There is a growing body of research that focuses on how parental incarceration affects the mental health of children. However, there is a critical need to further the conversation around how incarceration creates a trickledown effect of mental health issues. The goal of this chapter is to examine how and why mass incarceration has led to increased mental illnesses and disenfranchisement for sentenced individuals and their children. By discussing this complex system, further truths will be revealed, and important questions will be generated. The authors conclude with questions, and suggestions, in the hopes that this will lead to further research and action that have vast implications for the mental health community as it pertains to the discussed population.
Effects of Technical Capacity on Utilization of Information Systems in County Governments in Kenya
Authors: Owuor Charles Okeyo , Mbaya Harriet Mwendwa
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of staff technical capacity on utilization of information systems in revenue management in county governments in Kenya. This study employed a Technology Adoption Model to describe the motivating factors behind adoption of new technology and how human actions are guided on the same. Descriptive research design was carried out at the County Government of Nakuru offices. The questionnaires were distributed among 351 staff in Revenue Management by means of stratified random sampling technique. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the direct and indirect effects of the staff technical capacity on utilization of information systems in revenue management. The findings of this research shows that staff technical capacity has a positive impact on the utilization of management information systems in revenue management.
Role of Mobile Phones in Creating Environmental Awareness Among Fishers in the Indus Delta of Pakistan
Authors: Hingorjo Ali Akbar , Memon Bashir , Marinova Dora
Published: June 2022

Mobile phones changed the patterns of communication and flow of information in human society. This study assesses their importance in creating awareness about issues related to the natural environment and climate change, where responsiveness at a community is essential. It examines particularly the role of mobile phones in creating environmental awareness among fishers in the Indus Delta region of Pakistan. Mobile usage patterns, mobile phones as a source of environmental information and the use of social media for environmental discourse among the fishing communities are analysed. The results indicate that mobile communication is ranked as the fifth major source of information about environmental problems in the Indus Delta after personal observation, television, radio and newspapers. Although mobile phones offer high potential for receiving, accessing and reporting information about environmental issues through the use of social media, they are still not widely used for such purposes in these fishing communities.
The Union's Knowledge Strategies to Reach Success in the Implementation of Remote Operating Centers (COR)
Authors: Lavanderos Leonardo P. , Morales Ramón , Bucarey Marcelo
Published: June 2022

Current conditions in metal mining, increasing operating costs, lower ore grades, and deeper deposits, make it necessary to take technological breaks to allow for high operating and production efficiencies. In Chile, there are integrated operations centers at the project level. The implementation of state-of-the-art technology has encountered problems such as the lack of a business perspective co-constructed in a political-technical system that breaks with the rigidity of the usual criteria and practices. The resistance to the redistribution of power so as not to perceive these centers as an operational anomaly to overcome the preference to operate manually is generating doubt of their real contribution of value. A transformation cannot be imposed but must be co-created. The knowledge of the trade union networks opens to the company culture possibilities of action that, in the face of a paradigmatic change, emerge to constitute value. This work shows the knowledge strategies to turn unions into cognitive assets to achieve success in the implementation of COR.
Evaluating Organizational Readiness for Project Portfolio Management Implementation
Authors: Shonaiya Kathleen S. , Cleveland Simon
Published: June 2022

This study explores how business competency, organizational culture, and leadership attributes influence organizational readiness for Project Portfolio Management (PPM) implementation. Facets of PPM performance domains related to business competency illustrate the underlying functions required to engage PPM effectively. Investigating cultural considerations, including employee motivation and interpersonal communication, underscores the importance of these factors when approaching organizational change. The study highlights the most critical characteristics of transformational and authentic leadership for organizational readiness for PPM implementation. A case-based autoethnographic methodology is a qualitative method for data analysis. The analysis enables researchers to apply personal perspective and experience to bring real-life context to the study by providing a case for evaluation. Based on the extant literature and case review, this study asserts a set of prerequisites and supporting functions to evaluate organizational readiness for PPM implementation.
BACK TO THE “GOLD STANDARD”: HOW PRECISE IS HEMATOCRIT DETECTION TODAY?
Authors: Livshits Leonid , Bilu Tal , Peretz Sari , Bogdanova Anna , Gassmann Max , Eitam Harel , Koren Ariel , Levin Carina
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The commonly used method for hematocrit detection, by visual examination of microcapillary tube, known as "micro-HCT", is subjective but still remains one of the key sources for false hematocrit evaluation. Analytical automation techniques have increased standardization of RBC indexes detection; however, indirect hematocrit measurements by blood analyzer, the automated HCT, does not correlate well with "micro-HCT" results in patients with hematological pathologies. We aimed to overcome those disadvantages in "micro-HCT" analysis by using "ImageJ", processing software.

Methods: 223 blood samples from the "general population" and 19 from sickle cell disease patients were examined in parallel for hematocrit values using the automated HCT, standard "micro-HCT" and "ImageJ" micro-HCT methods.

Results: For the "general population" samples, the "ImageJ" values were significantly higher than the corresponding values evaluated by standard "micro-HCT" and automated HCT, except for the 0 to 2 months old newborns, in which the automated HCT results were similar to the "ImageJ" evaluated HCT. Similar to the "general population" cohort, we found significantly higher values measured by "ImageJ" compared to either "micro-HCT" or the automated HCT in SCD patients. Correspondent differences for the MCV and MCHC were also found.

Conclusions: This study introduces "micro-HCT" assessment technique using the image-analysis module of "ImageJ" software. This procedure allows overcoming most of the data errors associated with the standard "micro-HCT" evaluation and can replace the use of complicated and expensive automated equipment. The presented results may be also used to develop new standards for calculations of hematocrit and associated parameters for routine clinical practice.
THE ROLE OF SERIAL RADIOGRAPHS TO DIAGNOSE DIABETIC FOOT BONE INFECTION.
Authors: LEONE ANTONIO , BIANCO Nicola Carlo , D'AMBRA Giulia , LUCCHESI Salvatore , LA ROSA Elisa , INFANTE Amato , PERLA Daniele , GULLI' Consolato
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the role of progressive radiographic changes to diagnose diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of databases of our Institution was performed to identify all long-standing diabetic foot patients who underwent two radiographic examinations spaced no more than five weeks apart and a subsequent magnetic resonance (MR) examination from November 2015 to November 2020. A total of 46 patients (32 men, 14 women; mean age, 57.3 years) were identified.

Results: serial radiographs showed 89% sensitivity, 38% specificity, 80% diagnostic accuracy, 87% positive predictive value (PPV), 43% negative predictive value (NPV) to diagnose osteomyelitis (P value < 0,05).  Bone destruction was the most reliable radiographic sign with 89% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 89% diagnostic accuracy, 97% PPV, 64% NPV (P value < 0,05).

Conclusion: Progressive bony changes detected by serial radiographs are a useful tool to diagnose diabetic foot osteomyelitis.
Integrating E-learning in MBBS Curriculum
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: June 2022

The traditional mode of teacher-centered learning in the form of face-to-face lectures in classroom settings has been widely employed as a pedagogical strategy in medical education. Nevertheless, in the last few decades, there has been a shift toward adoption of e-learning considering globalization and the availability of the Internet. E-learning has been successfully employed in various streams of health sciences in different parts of the world with encouraging results. Even though e-learning is being present for quite some time now, the process of transition from traditional to e-learning has its own challenges and it has influenced the overall impact in determining the precise effectiveness. To conclude, e-learning in medical education is associated with multiple benefits for both the students and teachers. It is the need of the hour to identify the potential challenges and accordingly take corrective measures to overcome them and thereby ensure seamless integration with the traditional curriculum.
A Large Study on Lifestyle Factors Increasing Probability of Fistula and Factors Responsible for Recurrent Fistula
Authors: Suri Hitender , Suri Deepika , Bansal Kamalpreet , Suri Sauvik , Ghodke Virendera
Published: June 2022

Background:

Fistula-in-ano (FIA) commonly affects males more than females. Some differences in the characteristics of FIA between both genders have been recognized, yet the impact of these differences on the outcomes of surgery for FIA is still unclear. The present study conducted a gender-specific analysis aiming to assess the characteristics and the outcomes of surgery of FIA in each gender.

Methodology:

The records of patients with FIA were retrospectively reviewed and the following variables were extracted: patients' demographics, type of FIA, the position of the external opening, the operation performed, the incidence of recurrence, and complications, particularly fecal incontinence (FI). Gender-based analysis of the characters and outcomes of surgery for FIA was performed.

Results:

When a detailed case study was done, most patients having abscess with fistula were either on long-term medication (prolonged use of antibiotics) or immunocompromised. Out of 11.4% of cases of recurrent fistula, 34% were diabetics and 2.4% were HIV reactive, 18.76% were tubercular.

Conclusion:

The majority of FIA in males were posterior and high trans-sphincteric, whereas most FIA in females were low and anteriorly based. Despite the different characteristics of FIA; no statistically significant differences in the rates of fistula recurrence and FI between males and females could be recorded.
The Scope of Dental Public Health in India Versus Other Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Datar Bhakti
Published: June 2022

India is a developing country, the second-most populated country in the world. Public dental health is a specialty branch of dentistry, the scope of which in India and other developing and developed countries is compared. In the early 1920s, the developing nations showed less caries, which increased at the end of 20th century. In developed nations, caries prevalence was more at the start of 20th century but reduced at the end of 20th century. This was owing to fluoride use and proper preventive measures. In India, nearly 70% of the population is rural based. Making it accessible for oral health care is the basic need. The scope of public dental health will be primarily prevention based. The aim of this review is to the scope of dental public health (DPH) in India versus other developing and developed countries. Our review concludes that the scope of DPH in India has definitely a wide range. Other developing countries too have to broaden their scope in DPH to cater to huge population. The scope of DPH in developed nations also does not become less as the underprivileged show high prevalence of caries.
Various Latest Toothbrush Design
Authors: Das Amrita , Goswamy Monika , Mahajani Monica , Choukse Vivek , Patil Kuldeep Sudhir , Chavhan Sneha Shankar
Published: June 2022

Toothbrush has been a vital part of day-to-day routine across many cultures worldwide from the times of the distant past and ancientness to the recent 21st century. Over the years, numerous types of toothbrushes have been devised and designed till now. Some of the toothbrushes proposed the purpose of solving physically and mentally handicapped patients. It has been used in the reduction of dental plaque after various acceptability and tolerance of each device. We probably did not think of inventions along with the latest technology when we think of a toothbrush. Nonetheless, you should do so, despite the fact that the toothbrush has been around since 3500 BC. Electric toothbrushes were first introduced in 1969, and the modern toothbrush as we know it was invented in the late 1800s. Despite the addition of the latest technology, for example, Bluetooth to electric toothbrushes in latest years, supplementary technological advancements in these devices have been slow. Moreover, toothbrushes have not changed all that much in terms of design. Latest ways of thinking are emerging. Technology has progressed to the point where advances that we once only imagined are now becoming a reality. It is perfectly possible for creators who have somewhat that acquires the public's hearts in addition desires to finance their project with amounts of money they could only have imagined. The next 10 years or so appear to have the potential to bring about significant changes. This review examines all of the latest technology as well as innovation affecting toothbrushes.
The Interpretation of Biochemical Investigations in the Management of Metabolic Bone Disorders
Authors: Kalia Roop B. , Ansari Sajid , Regmi Anil
Published: June 2022

A bone is basically a combination of the organic matrix, inorganic minerals (calcium phosphate), and vitamins that make the structural framework. The two counteracting processes, bone formation and bone resorption, make the bone a metabolically active tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling. The laboratory evaluation of serological and urinary markers is important in the diagnosis of suspected bone disease such as osteoporosis, rickets/osteomalacia, fluorosis, and primary hyperparathyroidism, which are common metabolic bone diseases (MBD), whereas a few rare MBDs include Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, tumor-induced osteomalacia, etc. Calcium and phosphate level in serum and urine reflects the status of metabolism of bone. Markers of one formation include: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCn), and procollagen I peptides: the amino (N-) terminal propeptide (PINP) and the carboxy (C-) terminal propeptide (PICP). Markers of bone resorption include hydroxyproline (OHP), hydroxylysine (HYL), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), pyridinoline (PYD), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b), carboxy-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), amino-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX-1), cathepsin K (CTSK), urinary calcium, and acid phosphatase. Novel biochemical markers such as periostin, cathepsins, RANK-L, secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRP), Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1), Dickkopfs (Dkk) 1–4, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, and miRNA are also the markers of bone metabolism. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism provide a potentially important clinical tool for assessing and monitoring MBD. These markers are quick to appear after any derangement in physiology. Still, we must keep in mind that the characteristics of any marker are at present primarily a function of the assay used for the assessment of the marker. That continued efforts aimed at improving the analysis and interpretation of markers that are known today must continue.
Timing and Route of Nutritional Therapy for Severe Acute Pancreatitis: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Chen Siying , Chu Xin , Di Chenyi , Chang Zhigang
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Nutritional support is one of the core issues in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). With the continuous progression of research on nutritional therapy, a large volume of evidence has emerged on the strategies and approaches of nutritional support for SAP patients. At the same time, the pathogenesis of SAP and the metabolic characteristics have been intensified in the acute phase of critically ill patients, which helps better understand the nutritional treatment strategy of SAP in terms of pathophysiology and pathogenesis. In this article, by searching electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) from the earliest achievable date of each database to November 13, 2021, we discuss and analyze recent hot spots of SAP nutritional support to help individualize the implementation of nutritional strategies.
О множествах расходимости рядов Фурье
по системам характеров компактных абелевых групп
Authors: Oniani Giorgi Giglaevich
Published: June 2022

Для одного класса систем характеров компактных абелевых групп и
однородных банаховых пространств $B$,
удовлетворяющих некоторым дополнительным условиям регулярности,
доказана альтернатива: либо ряд Фурье произвольной функции
из $B$ сходится почти всюду, либо существует функция из $B$,
ряд Фурье которой расходится всюду. Доказано также,
что классы множеств расходимости рядов Фурье
по рассматриваемым системам от функций из вышеуказанных пространств
замкнуты относительно не более чем счетных объединений и
содержат все множества нулевой меры. В виде следствий получены
некоторые известные и новые результаты
о всюду расходящихся рядах Фурье по тригонометрической системе,
а также по системам Уолша, Виленкина и их перестановкам.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Сдвиги Бернулли в отображениях хищник-жертва
Authors: Anastassiou Stavros
Published: June 2022

Результаты, касающиеся определения границ неблуждающего множества отображения, условий гиперболичности и метода антиинтегрируемости, позволяют понять глобальное поведение дискретной системы. На основе решения таких задач исследуется поведение двумерных и трехмерных систем хищник-жертва. Цель работы - не только показать, что существует соответствие между этими системами и сдвигами Бернулли в фазовом пространстве, и установить, что системы являются гиперболическими, но и подчеркнуть применимость этого подхода для других интересных систем.
О некомпактной бифуркации в одной обобщенной модели вихревой динамики
Authors: Palshin Gleb Pavlovich
Published: June 2022

Рассматривается обобщенная модель гамильтоновой механики, включающая в себя два частных случая: модель динамики трех магнитных вихрей в ферромагнетиках и модель динамики трех гидродинамических вихрей в идеальной жидкости. На систему налагается ограничение в виде фиксации одного из вихрей в точке начала координат. Система ограниченной задачи трех магнитных вихрей является вполне интегрируемой по Лиувиллю гамильтоновой системой с двумя степенями свободы. Для данной системы найдена пополненная бифуркационная диаграмма, проведена редукция к системе с одной степенью свободы и подробно исследованы линии уровня редуцированного гамильтониана. Полученные результаты показали наличие некомпактных бифуркаций и некритической бифуркационной прямой.
Существование и устойчивость стационарного решения с пограничным слоем системы уравнений реакция-диффузия с граничными условиями Неймана
Authors: Nefedov Nikolai Nikolaevich , Deryugina Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: June 2022

Рассматривается начально-краевая задача для сингулярно возмущенной параболической системы двух уравнений типа реакция-диффузия с условиями Неймана с коэффициентами диффузии различной степени малости без требования квазимонотонности правых частей. Получено асимптотическое приближение стационарного решения с пограничным слоем и доказаны теоремы существования, асимптотической устойчивости по Ляпунову и локальной единственности такого решения. Полученный результат применен к классу задач химической кинетики.
Локальные бифуркации и глобальный аттрактор двух версий слабодиссипативного уравнения Гинзбурга-Ландау
Authors: Kulikov Anatolii Nikolaevich , Kulikov Dmitrii Anatol'evich
Published: June 2022

Рассматривается периодическая краевая задача для двух вариантов слабодиссипативного комплексного уравнения Гинзбурга-Ландау. В первом случае изучен вариант такого уравнения, в котором нелинейность содержит члены третьей и пятой степени. Изучен вопрос о локальных бифуркациях бегущих периодических волн при смене ими устойчивости. Показано, что в результате таких бифуркаций возникает счетный набор двумерных инвариантных торов. При этом в рассматриваемом варианте постановки задачи возможны оба типа бифуркаций: мягкие (послекритические) и жесткие (докритические). Это зависит от выбора коэффициентов уравнения. Для решений, формирующих инвариантные торы, получены асимптотические формулы.
Изучена также периодическая краевая задача для уравнения, которое в физике называется нелокальным уравнением Гинзбурга-Ландау. Показано, что в рассматриваемом варианте краевая задача имеет бесконечномерный глобальный аттрактор. Указаны решения, формирующие такой аттрактор.
Стабильность и эквивалентность допустимых пар произвольной размерности для компактификации пространства модулей стабильных векторных расслоений
Authors: Timofeeva Nadezda Vladimirovna
Published: June 2022

Пространства модулей стабильных векторных расcлоений и компактификации этих пространств модулей тесно связаны с теорией калибровочных полей Янга-Миллса. Проводится поиск подходящей компактификации пространства модулей стабильных векторных расслоений на алгебраическом многообразии размерности $\ge 2$. Рассматриваются допустимые пары $((\widetilde S, \widetilde L), \widetilde E)$, каждая из которых состоит из $N$-мерной допустимой схемы $\widetilde S$ некоторого класса с определенным обильным линейным расслоением $\widetilde L$ и векторного расслоения $\widetilde E$. Допустимая пара может быть получена в процедуре преобразования (названного разрешением) когерентного пучка $E$ без кручения на неособом $N$-мерном проективном алгебраическом многообразии $S$ в векторное расслоение $\widetilde E$ на некоторой проективной схеме $\widetilde S$. Введены понятия стабильности (полустабильности) допустимых пар и M-эквивалентности допустимых пар в многомерном случае. Также изучены взаимосвязи стабильности (полустабильности) допустимых пар с классической стабильностью (полустабильностью) когерентных пучков, подвергаемых разрешению, а также M-эквивалентности полустабильных допустимых пар с S-эквивалентностью когерентных пучков, подвергаемых разрешению. Полученные результаты предназначены для построения компактификации пространства модулей стабильных векторных расслоений и содержащего ее пространства модулей допустимых полустабильных пар.
Capability groupings of some nun river floodplain soils of Bayelsa State, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Dickson A.A. , Tate J.O. , Ogboin P.T.
Published: June 2022

Nine Nun River floodplain soils in Bayelsa State were evaluated using Land Capability Classification (LCC), Land Capability Index (LCI) and Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) systems. The LCC grouped most soil mapping units (SMUs) into class II except NDU3. Odi (ODI1), Koroama (KRM1) and Niger Delta University (NDU1) were grouped in IInf0; ODI2, KRM2 and NDU2 in IIwnf0; ODI3 and KRM3 in IIwnf1 and NDU3 in Vwnf3, respectively. Indicating suitability for wide range of arable crops. The LCI grouped ODI1, KRM1 and NDU1 in class II while ODI2, ODI3, KRM2, KRM3, NDU2 and NDU3, in class III for annual crops. For perennial crops, KRM1 and NDU1 were grouped in class II, ODI1, KRM2 and NDU2 in class III while ODI2, ODI3, KRM3 and NDU3, in class IV, respectively. The FCC grouped ODI1 in La- and ODI3 into Lga-e. On the other hand, KRM1 was grouped in La-e while KRM2, KRM3 and NDU3 in Lga-ek. The identified limiting fertility constraints were wetness, flooding, low exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration, soil acidity as promoted by Al3+ toxicity, texture and drainage. LCI and FCC identified texture as a major constraint with LCI placing emphasis on soil colour while FCC identified K+ deficiency as a limitation. Wetness, flooding, low nutrient capital of exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, soil acidity and Al3+ toxicity, texture and drainage were key to land evaluation in the study area. Flood control, improved drainage, liming and adequate fertilization practices including organic matter conservation should be adopted for improved land management.
Nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits based on wheat (Triticum aestivum), beniseed seed (Sesamum indicum) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) composite flour
Authors: Ariyo O. , Dudulewa B.I. , Atojoko M.A.
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the nutritional and sensory characteristics of biscuits produced from wheat/beniseed seed/sweet potato composite flour. Four flour samples from wheat, defatted beniseed and sweet potato flours in the ratios of 100:0:0; 80:10:10; 70:20:10; and 60:30:10, respectively with other ingredients were used to produce biscuits. Samples were analyzed for proximate content, vitamins and minerals, antinutrients, sensory and microbial properties using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy composition of samples ranged from 8.39-12.07 g 100-g–1, 17.52-22.59 mg 100-g–1, 0.60-4.20 g 100-g–1, 1.18-2.29 g 100-g–1, 67.11-60.53 g 100-g–1 and 460.34-491.11 kCal 100-g–1, respectively. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iron and zinc contents ranged from 474.50-843.75, 498.75-845.00, 267.50-568.50, 92.50-105.75, 82.25- 288.25, 3.88-5.99, and 0.07-0.32 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Beta-carotene, thiamin, niacin and tocopherol contents were 429.20-441.93 μg 100-g–1, 4.03-4.83, 17.87-19.57 and 54.87-62.77 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Most nutrients increasedwith increasing beniseed substitution levels. Phytate andoxalate contents of samples  here within permissible levels. Sensory properties decreased from 7.78-5.60, 7.90-5.00, 7.00-6.53, 6.80-5.83, 7.87-5.23 for colour, taste, crispiness, texture and general acceptability, respectively. Number of colonies were negligible after storage for 21days. Beniseed (20%) and sweet potato (10%) flours substitution for wheat flour produced acceptable biscuits with higher protein and micronutrient composition and acceptable sensory properties than wholly wheat flour and other composite flour biscuits.
Fertility capability classification for agricultural land use planning in the beach sands area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Udoh B.T , Ibia T.O.
Published: June 2022

Soil survey and fertility capability classification (FCC) were carried out in an area mostly underlain by the beach ridge sands (BRS) parent material in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study applied the FCC in agricultural land use planning for efficient land management and optimal agricultural productivity of the beach soils. Field and laboratory data were obtained from 40 pedons located across eight Local Government Areas on the BRS parent material. From the results of field and laboratory studies, 11 FCC units were identified in the area. Based on similarities in certain soil profile characteristics, the 11 FCC units were grouped into four agro-ecological units (AEUs): (i) poorly drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over sandy subsoil, grouped to form AEU-A, covered 65.00% of study area; (ii) well drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over sandy subsoil, formed AEU-B and covered 22.50% of study area; (iii) poorly drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over loamy subsoil or loamy top- and sub- soils, formed AEU-C and covered 7.50% of study area; (iv) well drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over loamy subsoil, which formed AEU-D, occupied 5.00% of study area. The result of this study has shown that FCC can be employed as a simple but efficient tool in agricultural land use planning. Major soil profile characteristics used to differentiate land units within the beach sands area of Akwa Ibom State are drainage and texture.
Assembling UN Peacekeeping and Counterterrorism in Ghana
Authors: Christensen Maya Mynster
Published: June 2022

Through the case of Ghana, this article proposes a link between international peacekeeping deployments and national processes of stabilisation. Based on fieldwork among soldiers and police officers, it explores how peacekeeping experiences are transferred and translated into security provision at home within the field of counterterrorism. Introducing the notion of the ‘peacekeeping-counterterrorism assemblage’ as an analytical lens for unpacking the co-production of external and internal security provision and, more specifically, the processes and practices through which international peacekeeping experiences become entangled with national counterterror policing, the article empirically unfolds the relational and societal impact of peacekeeping on domestic security. The exposure to the human consequences of warfare in peacekeeping missions, the article shows, has nurtured a profound awareness of keeping war at a distance, which may have a preventive effect on the policing of the threat of terrorism, as well as on the broader dynamics of domestic security and stability in Ghana
Phytoextraction of copper and lead from spiked soil using Acalypha wilkesiana (Copper leaf) and Polyscias fruticosa (Aralia)
Authors: Durumin Iya N.I. , Assim Z.B. , Omorinoye O.A. , Asare E.A.
Published: June 2022

Soil contaminated with heavy metals industrially or anthropogenically is a major global concern. This study aimed at investigating the potential of Acalypha wilkesiana and Polyscias fruticosa plants to remove copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) from soil spiked with solutions of Cu and Pb. Information on the ability of both plants to uptake and accumulate Cu and Pb from spiked soil is insufficient. Plant cuttings were grown in a 2 kg soil spiked with heavy metals and kept at the greenhouse for the period of 240 days. Root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed for Cu and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Cu accumulation (2.58 -542.66 mg/kg) was appreciably higher than Pb accumulation (26.24 - 46.44 mg/kg) in A. wilkesiana, while Cu accumulation ranged 4.54 - 384.19 mg/kg was found to be lower than the Pb accumulation ranged 1.22-759.48 mg/kg in P. fruticosa. The maximum accumulation of Cu and Pb in the shoot were found to be 52.50 and 82.93 mg/kg in A. wilkesiana, while 38.26 and 123.98 mg/kg in P. fruticosa. Accumulation of Cu and Pb by both plants were correlated using the indices bioaccumulation, transfer factor and translocation index. The result is encouraging and suggests that both plants could be applied for phytoextraction of Cu and Pb from heavy metal spiked soil.