bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFIL OSMOTIK GELONDONGAN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsskal) SELAMA PROSES KULTIVASI DI TAMBAK BANDENG DESA WONOREJO KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Karolina Anita , Anggoro Sutrisno , Supriharyono Supriharyono
Published: December 2020

Milkfish is  euryhaline fish that can live in wide range salinity, so it will affect with osmoregulation processes. This research aimed to examine the osmotic response of milkfish fingerling during cultivation processes in brackishwater ponds at Wonorejo Village district of Kendal. The  research was conducted on July-October  2016. The cultivation process of milkfish fingerling has been cultured for 60 days in 2000 m2 brackishwater pond. The initial density of milkfish larvae was 100 individuals /m2 with a lenght size of 10 mm on average and 15 days old. Samples of milkfish fingerling were taken on the 20th, 40th and 60th days, the number of samples was 3 individuals every size. The measurement result of blood osmolarity was 460, 05 to 490.10 mOsm / l H2O higher than media osmolarity 38,98 – 194,5 mOsm/l H2O. The osmotic response of  milkfish fingerling were hyperosmotic to the hypotonic environment and osmoregulator fish.
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIKA, KIMIA DAN BIOLOGI AIR SUMUR BOR DI LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS TEUKU UMAR
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Arif , Amarullah T , Thahir Muhammad Agam , Thahir Muhammad Agam , Thahir Muhammad Agam
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to measure the physical properties (Temperature, TDS, Turbidity), chemistry (pH, DO, BOD, Phosphate, Nitrate) and biology (Fecal coliform) of groundwater water quality in the Teuku Umar University environment. This research was carried out for 4 months, i.e. water sampling was carried out in August, physical, chemical and biological properties were measured in September to October and data analysis was carried out in November. Sampling at 11 stations. The results of temperature measurements are 26-290C, with an average value of 27.50; TDS between 122 - 410 mg / l with an average of 234.5 mg / l; turbidity ranged from 3.89-85.55 NTU, with an average value of 17.3 NTU; Water pH ranged from 6.65 to 6.7.65, with an average value of 7.1; DO ranges between 1.2 - 2.5 mg / l average value of 1.5 mg / l; BOD5 ranges from 0.7-2.71 mg / l, with an average of 1.7 mg / l; Phosphate ranges from 0.19 - 2.08 mg / l with an average value of 1.1 mg / l; Nitrates range from 0.2 - 0.6 mg / l with an average value of 0.5 mg / l; Fecal coliform ranges from 0 - 90 ml / 100 ml with an average value of 24 mg / l.
The Practices of Islamic Human Resource Management (IHRM) and Turnover Intention at an Islamic Religious Council of Malaysia
Authors: Omar Muhamad Khalil , Jamhari Nor Aidillah
Published: December 2020

Turnover intention is intention of employees to leave their job that can be defined as a psychological opinion whether employees will remain with the organization (Yuan, Yu, Li & Ning, 2014). ). Similarly, turnover intention can be define as individual conscious and readiness to quit the organization (Lu, Tu, Li & Ho, 2016). High turnover intention will increase the cost for staffing and training new employees (Long, Thean, Ismail & Jusoh, 2012). Studies that tested the connection between turnover intention and actual turnover are limited and show different results to look the effectiveness of intentions as a reliable behavior (Cho & Lewis, 2012). There are several factors that can contribute to turnover intention among employee which are practices of human resources management (HRM); (Santhanam, Kamalanabhan, Dyaram & Ziegler, 2017), job satisfaction; (Saeed, Waseem, Sikander & Rizwan, 2014), leadership styles; (Azanza, Moriano, Molero & Mangin, 2015) and organization commitment; (Azanza, Moriano, Molero & Mangin, 2015).

Keywords: Turnover Intention, Islamic Human Resources Management (iHRM), Islamic Staffing, Islamic Human Resources Management (iHRD), Islamic Performance Management, Islamic Compensation.
Stock Crash and Jump: The Role of Accounting Information
Authors: Arni Rudiawarni Felizia , Narsa I Made , Irwanto Andry
Published: December 2020

Stock crashes (jumps) capture extreme negative (positive) returns ) (Hutton et al., 2008; DeFond et al., 2015) and therefore have important implications for investors regarding their investment decisions they make. Investors make decisions based on the information they receive. Based on the value relevance literature, earnings are important information to determine the fundamental value of a firm (Beaver, 1968; Ball and Brown, 1968). The determination of accounting earnings is influenced by management policies. If management's policy in determining the amount of earnings is not appropriate, the quality of earnings as a representation of accounting information will decrease. Management's policy in determining earnings can be in the form of conservative or aggressive policies. Conservatism is divided into two types, namely conditional conservatism and unconditional conservatism (Beaver and Ryan, 2005; Basu, 2005). Conditional conservatism admits loss depending on the economic news, or ex-post conservatism. Conditional conservatism recognizes losses more timely than gains recognition (Basu, 1997), thus preventing managers from accumulating bad news (Kim and Zhang, 2016). The application of conditional conservatism causes undervaluation of the firm's stock price. Therefore, it is predicted that conditional conservatism will reduce the risk of future stock crashes. Unconditional conservatism records net assets at the lowest value since initial recognition or is said to be ex-ante conservatism (Beaver and Ryan, 2005). Unconditional conservatism prevents managers from admitting excessive net asset values (Kousenidis et al., 2014). However, unconditional conservatism is considered to create a hidden reserve ready to use when management is trying to pursue profit targets (Penman and Zhang, 2002; Ruch and Taylor, 2005). Therefore, unconditional conservatism is considered to increase the risk of future stock crashes. Accounting aggressiveness means recognizing gains more quickly and delaying recognition of losses (Battacharya et al., 2003) because of various personal motivations (Kothari, 2005). This accumulated bad news will at some point reverse and at that time, some bad news will flood the market immediately and make stock prices crash (Kim and Zhang, 2014). Therefore, accounting aggressiveness is predicted to increase the risk of future stock crashes. The conditions resulting from applying those accounting policies, affect the opposite in terms of stock jump. Studies contribute to the development of capital market researches.

Keywords: conditional conservatism, unconditional conservatism, aggressive accounting, stock crash, stock jump
Circular Economy Adoption in the Hotel Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Gaffar Vanessa , Rahayu Agus , Wibowo Lili Adi , Tjahjono Benny
Published: December 2020

The world needs for natural balance and environmental sustainability force companies to change their business model towards a more friendly and caring environment. This is in line with one of the objectives of the SDGs, which is to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. In this regard, one concept that is currently developing is circular economy (CE) which is a regenerative system in which resource input and waste, emission and energy leakage are minimized by slowing, closing, and narrowing of materials and energy loops (Geissdoerfer : 2018). It is expected that the industry will be able to reduce waste when they implement this concept. The ecosystem can be better maintained and energy can be saved. CE concept can be applied to various industries including hotel industry. It is a part of the hospitality industry that makes a significant contribution to the economy. The problem lies in the level of awareness of the companies themselves and the practicality of the CE concept in hotel industry.

Keywords: circular economy, awareness, hotel industry
Audit Committee and Tax Planning Of Listed Firms: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Tijjani B. , Peter Z.
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the effect of audit committee on tax planning of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. It aims at finding out the audit committee structure that improves tax planning thereby reducing tax liability of the firms. Data for the study were extracted from annual reports and accounts of the sampled non-financial companies for a period of ten years (2008 – 2017). The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics to provide summary statistics for the variables, and correlation analysis was carried out using Pearson product-moment correlation to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Regression analysis was also conducted. The study reveals that the audit committee's compositions, frequency of meetings, and financial expertise have a negative effect on tax planning of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. In addition, profitability shows a positive and significant effect on tax planning, and leverage has a negative effect. Theoretically, the study is significant for its contribution to agency and stakeholder theories as they explain relationship between corporate governance and tax planning. The findings have implications for the various stakeholders of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. They should be assured of tax planning for companies who have a good number of non-executive directors in audit committees, frequent meetings which are attended by members, and financial experts.

Keywords: Tax planning, audit committee, corporate governance, tax expenses, non-executive directors.
Productivity Analysis at Sharia Life Insurance Companies İn Indonesia: Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI)
Authors: Sukmaningrum Puji Sucia , Hendratmi Achsania , Rusmita Sylva Alif , Putri Mutiara Ramadhani , Gusti Rosin Putra
Published: December 2020

This research aims to analyse productivity levels of Sharia Life Insurance companies in Indonesia during 2014 to 2019. Sharia Life Insurance Company can improve its quality by evaluating the value of the productivity index. The productivity level measurement in this study uses the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) method. Samples used by as many as 10 sharia life insurance companies in Indonesia. The input variable used consists of equity, total expense and total investment, while the output variable consists of total profit and investment income. This study also uses output orientation and intermediation. The results in this study show that Indonesian sharia life insurance has an average productivity (TFPCH) of 0.945 which means it has not achieved optimal productivity. This is more due to the low value of technological change. The management of sharia life insurance companies in Indonesia can focus on innovating technology and product distribution to increase its productivity. The results of this study can be used as an evaluation material for sharia insurance companies in Indonesia in managing their resources and can see which parts should be improved in order to increase productivity levels.

Keywords: Productivity; Malmquist Productivity Index; MPI; Sharia Life Insurance; Indonesia
Public Mind: University Engagement and Community Relations for Sustainable Quality of Life Development and Strong Communities
Authors: Thongcharoen Pratumtip
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to 1) survey issues in the communities and organize ten community projects to resolve the issues, 2) integrate the bodies of knowledge, concepts, theories of Public Administration with students volunteering and 3) respond to the four missions of university engagement. This study is part of the classroom action research, the project evaluation course and the management innovation course. The subjects in the project were 150 students majoring in Public Administration from Suratthani Rajabhat University and Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus. The project operated during 2017-2019 beginning with the study of problems in the community covering Makham Tia Sub-district and Khun Thalae Sub-district, Muang District, Surat Thani Province. Then it was developed into a project to solve problems with the community, with groups of 10-15 students. Then the students proceeded to create a project, evaluate it and bring what they learned from various projects to take lesson learned together. The findings revealed that the student volunteers had positive conscience towards participating in designing and arranging the project as well as other activities that support the communities. Furthermore, these activities provided the students more opportunities to grow the spirit of volunteering and apply the practical knowledge to outside education. Each community had different problems, most of which were fundamental problems such as waste, environment, well-being and diseases. For another objective of the study, it was found that PDCA, POCCC, and system theory along were popular techniques used in the students' volunteering projects. For the last objective, the study found that organizing these projects created the process of participation for stakeholders in both public and private sectors. In addition to practising various skills to nurture the I-WISE identity, the students could achieve the university engagement on community relations for the development of the quality of life and sustainably strong community that conforms to the determination of His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkla, "The benefit of fellow humans is the first activity".

Keywords: Public Mind, University Engagement, Quality of Life Development, Strong Communities
Online Relationship Marketing to Customer Loyalty Based on Signaling Theory (Evidence of Bank Customers in Indonesia)
Authors: Pebrianti Wenny , Tanwira Wenseslaus , Ahmadi
Published: December 2020

The internet has changed people's way of life, especially in dealing a transaction. Indonesian banking entered a new era since 2000 when banks in Indonesia began implementing electronic banking or e-banking systems. Integrating cellular communication technology and banking financial services is changing people's lifestyles to be more flexible in making it easier for users to access banking financial services without being hindered by time, place and space. The same integration also occurs in relationship marketing strategies and cellular communication technologies that make it easy for companies to be able to reach and provide the best service to their consumers. This study wants to reveal the relationship of interactivity and engagement which is an activity of Online Relationship Marketing at a bank to be able to understand consumers in order to create customer loyalty with online trust as mediation.Based on the above background, the problem in this study is "Does Online Relationship Marketing activities such as engagement and interactivity affect customer loyalty either through online trust as mediation or not?"

Keywords: engagement, interactivity, online trust, customer loyalty, signaling theory
Impacts of COVID-19 on Airline Business: An Overview
Authors: Thepchalerm Teeris , Ho Phutawan
Published: December 2020

Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 has spread globally and been concerned as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020a). The virus has an enormous social and economic impact. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (2020) expects that the 2020 global GDP shall range between -8% to 1% depended on the situation during the last six months of 2020. Various businesses – tourism, hospitality, restaurant and transportation get affected by this pandemic. The airline business is one of the most vulnerable business since it is highly sensitive to change in the market environment and socio-economic factors (Wittmer et al., 2011). Airlines business has always dramatically affected during crisis circumstances, e.g., the Asian economic crisis in 1998, the USA terrorist attack in 2001, and the SARS virus spreading in 2003. The airlines lost 7 billion USD in terms of revenue solely because of SARS in 2003 (IATA, 2006). It is possible to expect a much more noticeable impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic comparing to the impact of SARS in 2003 because of the difference in the market environment, especially the difference in market size. The number of passengers per year has increased from 2 billion passengers in 2003 to 4.5 billion passengers in 2018 (IATA, 2019). The International Air Transport Association (IATA, 2020a) forecasts that the airline industry will need at least three to four years for recovering. An overview investigation of the impacts of COVID-19 on airlines can contribute to both academic study and management practice of the airlines.

Keywords: COVID-19, Airline, Air transportation
Local Knowledge on Sedge Utilisation for Handicraft
Authors: Muneenam Umaporn , Suwannattachote Pongbaworn
Published: December 2020

Sedge is one of the natural plants for handicraft in Thailand, as well as in the countries where there is sedge; such as Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Sumatra island, countries and islands nearby Malay Strait, Borneo, Australia, and Vietnam (Inthongkong, 1986; M4P [Making Markets Work Better for the Poor], 2008). In Thailand, sedge is mostly found especially in eastern part of Southern Thailand; such as Narathiwat, Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Suratthani, Pattani, and Chumphon Provinces (Karakade, 1996). Although in the past there were many researchers studied about sedge utilization in Thailand (Karakade, 1996; Sonsang, 2003; Kullayasiri, 2011), this research article aims to apply the value chain analysis (VCA)—better tools in explanation—to present about the local knowledge, step, process, and flow on sedge utilization for handicraft, especially in Cha-uad District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province because here is the source of sedge that now distributes to producers in the other provinces, as well as there is a day in July of every year to praise sedge called "Blooming of Sedge Flower Day". This research article aims to 1) support the idea of the Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiative of Her Highest Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG); 2) present the local knowledge of sedge utilization for handicraft; and 3) present steps and process, as well as flow of sedge utilization for handicraft.

Keywords: Cha-uad District; Handicraft; Local Knowledge; Sedge Utilisation
Sustainable city and effects on it of natural hazard: Design by gamification
Authors: Fernández Paz , Ceacero Matías
Published: December 2020

With this study we want to go deeper into the design and management of cities, as well as their sustainability. Similarly, we want to check the effects of different natural hazards in cities by carrying out simulations, using gamification. In order to do this, we start from the hypothesis that the material used, Cities: Skylines, could have potential both as a tool for territorial planning and in the Analysis and Management of Natural Hazards. To confirm this hypothesis, a series of variables will be handled, such as the sustainable city that we are going to build and the measures that will be established to prevent or minimize the impacts produced by natural damage. In this sense, in order for our city to achieve sustainability, these measures must be effective in comparison with another city that does not contemplate them, in which we assume that the losses will be greater in the face of the same catastrophe. To justify this study, we start from the evidence that the current human population settlements present an unsustainable model, to a greater or lesser extent. Due to this, numerous authors have studied the impacts produced by these settlements on the environment, as well as new models that mitigate, as far as possible, these impacts, thus paving the way for the current unsustainability. This is a current issue, which is demonstrated by the approval in 2015 of the Agenda 2030 on sustainable development by the United Nations Organization, which has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Of these, we have focused on the eleventh because it is more relevant to our work, as it aims to make urban agglomerations inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. In the goals of this ODS we can see that one of its purposes is to make cities resilient and resistant to natural hazards. This can be justified by the approximately 90,000 deaths per year that they cause, in addition to direct losses of property and indirect losses of goods and services and some intangible losses. Bearing this in mind, the need for actions to prevent, minimize or repair these damages caused by natural hazards is more than notable, as is the importance of our study.

Keywords: Urban sustainability, Natural hazards, Gamification.
The Seeds of Leadership: Experiences of Malaysian Women in Senior Leadership
Authors: Imm Chee Lean , Abdul Wahid Nabsiah
Published: December 2020

The scarcity of women in top leadership is a global gender equity issue. Men dominate senior leadership positions in almost all industries. As such, countries are not leveraging on the business case for diversity in top leadership. This gap is problematic in Asia and Malaysia, as well. The 2020 WEF Global Gender Gap Report shows that only 20.4 % of women held senior roles in Malaysia as compared to men at 79.6 %. Though numerous global studies have investigated the barriers and challenges of women leaders, few studies have investigated the lived experiences of women business leaders who have successfully navigated to the top. These elites are not only scarce but challenging to reach.

Keywords: leader identity construction, leadership development, hermeneutical phenomenology, women in senior leadership.
Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (Beam) on Trait Anxiety among Malaysian Chinese Children
Authors: Cheong Chen Chen , Ashari Asmidawati , Ibrahim Rahimah , W. Sulaiman Wan Aliaa , Yong Koo Kian
Published: December 2020

Woefully, the twenty-first century is described as an era of anxiety (Malcolm, 2015; Karas, 2013). In fact, the increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorder has afflicted children at alarming rates nowadays. However, early onset of childhood anxiety is still underestimated. Consistent and intense feeling of fear had affected them in various aspects like emotions, behaviours and cognitive functions throughout their developmental stage (Bittner et al., 2007; Pine, Cohen, Gurley, Brook, & Ma, 1998; Woodward & Fergusson, 2001). Without proper early intervention, children are at risk for anxiety disorders with more severe anxiety symptoms when they are growing up. In order to get rid of the elevating of prevalence rate for anxiety, understanding the etiology of the onset of anxiety should be given more concern. In fact, this Biopsychosocial model views anxiety disorders as the products of biological aspects (gene and brain mechanism), psychological aspect (beliefs, behavior, coping skills) and social aspect (environmental factor). Among these three aspects, biological attributed vulnerabilities formed the first anxious personality in children since birth and reduced their resilience towards psychological and social stressors later on in their life (Averill, 2015). For instance, trait anxiety, the prolong state of anxious feeling is much more impactful for children compared to state anxiety as this inborn anxious personality shaped the first default biological vulnerability to fear. Hight trait anxiety level be adopted by the individual and form anxious personality in children since birth (Miu et al., 2009; Miclea, Albu & Ciuca, 2009).

Keywords: Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM); Children; Chinese; Malaysia; Trait anxiety; Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG)
Effects of Financial Development and Institutions On Firm Growth in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Huay Huay , Law Siong Hook , Azman-Saini W.N.W.
Published: December 2020

This study is motivated by Modigliani and Miller's (1958) financing constraints theory (FCT) and others like Rajan and Zingales (1998), Fisman and Love (2007), and Manganelli and Popov (2013) also sharing similar enthusiasm that firm growth are dependence on access to external finance but subject to macroeconomic environment. Using firm-level data from firms listed in Bursa Malaysia for 2006-2014 period, the study applies dynamic panel system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation (Blundell and Bond, 1998) to estimate how a country's embedded financial development and institutional quality impacts the linkage of firms' external financial dependence and growth opportunities to firm growth. A dynamic system GMM approach is employed to address the endogeneity and serial correlation concern. Firms which have greater growth opportunities actually grow faster with better financial development with embedded good institutions in the case of Malaysia. So findings concluded that firms experience higher growth through better allocation of finance since they have good potential to grow. This has shed important lights to policymakers in formulating the design of many financial development policies across a wide set of countries aimed at fostering financial markets and banking services sector to provide the vital sources of external financing needed by corporations in financing their investments. A well-functioning financial systems is a necessary condition for promoting firm growth.

Keywords:Firm growth; financial development; institutions; external financial dependence; growth opportunities
Sustainability of a shared economy
Authors: Blažek Lukáš
Published: December 2020

Shared economy is a current concept associated with the sharing of human, physical and intellectual resources. The penetration of a shared economy into different sectors of human activity is often referred to as a prerequisite for further sustainable development. Thus, a shared economy is one of the basic pillars of sustainable development, as it helps the market to function better, raises awareness of prices and the quality of services, but also enables anyone to have better market access. It is necessary to monitor, research, analyze and focus on identifying positive as well as negative impacts. The speed of technological development has significantly exceeded the legislative, regulatory and tax frameworks, which is often the cause of tensions between old and new business models. In general, a balance between a degree of regulation and freedom is a desirable state of affairs, providing a clear framework and rules for a shared economy while allowing for its further development and change. However, there is no consensus among experts on how to achieve this balance. The tightening of the regulation of individual shared services or, on the contrary, the deregulation of traditional industries is most often mentioned. At the same time, there are critical voices pointing to the fact that a shared economy is the result of technological progress that cannot be suppressed or reversed by any regulation, so it should have its own special laws. Given the popularity and constant development of digital technologies along with consumer habits, it is very real that a shared economy will sooner or later affect almost all areas of business. In order to make the best use of its potential, it will be necessary to find a way to adapt to its development and influence it as needed. The paper deals with the above areas with a possible prediction and proposal for future development.

Keywords: Shared Economy; Circular Economics; Sustainability; Consumption; Externality
Assessing Customer Attitudes towards Zero Waste Shopping in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
Authors: Watson Storm , Smith Elroy Eugene
Published: December 2020

In any modern society, waste is the ultimate symbol of inefficiency and represents a total misallocation of resources (Zaman and Lehmann 2013, 123). Waste generation is one of the greatest challenges facing society. By the year 2050, global waste will increase by 70% if action is not taken. According to Babayemi and Dauda (2009, 83), waste is defined as a product of human activities which is regarded as being useless. The South African Waste Information Centre (2016) elaborates that waste is any substance, object or material that is unwanted and discarded, regardless of whether it can be reused, recycled or recovered. In order to slow waste generation and prevent the depletion of global resources, a concept of sustainable consumption and living is required (Song, Li and Zeng 2015, 199). The conceptualisation of zero waste is the most visionary idea for addressing global waste issues. Zaman and Lehmann (2011, 177) state that zero waste involves designing and managing materials, products and processes in such a way as to avoid and eliminate all waste, thus conserving and recovering every resource from waste streams

Keywords: Sustainability; waste; waste management; zero waste shopping
Assessing SME Perceptions of Using Green Social Media Marketing
Authors: Beck Shelley B , Deliwe Ayanda P , Smith Elroy E
Published: December 2020

The image of an enterprise in relation to the environment in which it operates is currently of increased importance (Liskova, Cudlinova, Partlova & Petr, 2016, p.64). An enterprise's brand image is a customer's perception of a brand and can help customers assemble information, discriminate brands, create positive feelings, and create a reason to purchase (Huang, Yang & Wang, 2014, p.263). Therefore, enterprises aim to create a strong positive image of their brand which can be generated through marketing programmes. Social media marketing is the application of marketing principles, tools and techniques to social media platforms to differentiate and position the brand better than competitors (Neti, 2011, p.3). Enterprises should therefore use social media to promote and communicate their green initiatives to their stakeholders because of the prominent benefits it offers. Conscious and careful use of social media is the most promising investment for furthering an enterprise's green marketing strategies and by implementing green projects as a CSR initiative SMEs can satisfy their stakeholders (Williams, Page & Petrosky, 2014, p.26). SMEs do not effectively and efficiently market their enterprises due to the lack of funding, insufficient cash flow and the need for technical assistance to market their enterprise (National Small Business Chamber, 2016). Social media is the most popular means of communication in society and provide a good solution as it allows enterprises to interact with their stakeholders through dialogue and engagement to identify and satisfy stakeholder expectations (Bibri, 2008, p.14). The implementation of marketing activities that communicate enterprises' social and environmental initiatives creates added value and enhances financial performance (Bibri, 2008, p.14). If SMEs promote their green initiatives in their marketing communications that are directed at their stakeholders, they could succeed in marketing their business effectively and as a result grow and survive in the long term. However, few SMEs in South Africa are aware that implementing green strategies can improve their profitability and their survival.

Keywords: Green marketing; social media marketing; SME's
Case Studies, Trade War Impacts Between USA And China : The Decline Of Cotton Carded Yarn 32/1 Selling Volume To China On Dan Liris Incorporation
Authors: Pramesti A.Md Riza Indah , Utari A.Md Avina
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the prospect of the trend of export sales volume of 32/1 cotton carded yarn in PT Dan Liris. In 2018, the volume of exports of 32/1 cotton carded yarn to China dropped dramatically to zero orders. In addition, research on the decline in the sales volume of exports of 32/1 cotton carded yarn to China aims to find out deeply the flow of the company's external factors, namely trade war which caused a decline in the volume of export sales to China at PT Dan Liris. The method used in this study is a mixed method by providing an overview of the problems that occur in the PT Dan Liris company. The analytical tool in this study is the trend analysis technique by giving an overview of the trend in volume and the prospect of possible future export volumes of yarn products. The results of the analysis of the data obtained are the volume of export sales of PT Dan Liris yarn to China that are upside down or unstable. This study also succeeded in revealing that the existence of external factors in the trade war that occurred between the United States and China was very detrimental to the company in terms of income and continuity of production. Based on the results of the analysis of the data, the authors then conducted a SWOT analysis matrix as the company's alternative. The author suggests 12 new strategies that can be done by PT Dan Liris such as PT Dan Liris can take action by utilizing promotional services either online or offline, conducting research and analyzing the development of buyer countries related to economic issues on a regular basis, as well as the likely impact on the company. A survey of customer satisfaction and attention to employee welfare is also very important to maintain the integrity of the company.

Keywords: Sales Volume, Trade War, Company Integrity.
Testing the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis in the case of Ethiopia: An autoregressive-distributed lag approach
Authors: Beyene Sisay Demissew , Kotosz Balázs
Published: December 2020

The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) suggests that when the government attempts to stimulate the economy by raising debt-financed government spending, consumption and demand do not increase but rather remain the same. The objective of this study is to test the existence of the REH in Ethiopia, using annual data from 1990 to 2011 and by employing the autoregressive-distributed lag cointegration approach. The study includes three variables (budget deficit, government consumption expenditure, and government debt) which contribute to the REH along with another variable. The results show that only the budget deficit and government consumption expenditure fulfil the REH. However, government debt fails to fulfil it. Thus, limited evidence of the existence of the REH is found in Ethiopia.
Does trust matter? The role of trust in collaboration in virtual teams
Authors: Hoffmann Piroska , Baracskai Zoltán
Published: December 2020

Virtual cross-border teams emerged after the global credit crisis as a new operational phenomenon of multinational enterprises. This new form eliminates country-based entities and combines local departments. It is of notable benefit to financial efficiency; however, it may have a crucial impact on the structural dimension and nature of relations (ties) of social capital. The damage to ties is characterised by weak trust and heightened operational risk. Measuring trust directly is cumbersome; therefore, this study aims to measure its inversion (internal control). A quantitative research method is used to analyse a) the data (location, nationality, level of seniority, department) of 495 managers of a multinational enterprise to describe their impact on the structural dimension of social capital and the ties between employees, and b) 298 operational control points to find a statistical correlation among their number, the various types of risks and organisational diversity. The authors’ correlation analysis demonstrates that all well-structured high-risk processes are controlled by the organisation. However, the internal controlling system does not seem to cover the trust-based ill-structured processes: human relations and behaviour.
Statistical analysis of Hungarian public service processes for key performance indicator measurement
Authors: Buics László , Süle Edit
Published: December 2020

The sophisticated and extensive toolkit for designing, managing, and measuring industrial processes is constantly expanding and forced to meet the new standards that are set by the limitless amount of data offered by the digitalisation of the industrial environment. However, services are managed under cumbersome conditions, in terms of expectations, measurability, and the modelling techniques used. Key performance indicators (KPIs) have been used for a long time in the private sector and industry compared with the public sector. Companies often use KPIs to measure the performance of individual processes to determine whether they meet or fail the expectations of customers and themselves. While public sector service providers are often monopolistic, the performance measurement also becomes a hot debate in the public sector as the citizens’ demand for quality services increases. This study aims to identify objective KPIs and demonstrate how they can be measured in a public service context, regardless of the type and complexity of the given service. As an example, the authors discuss the front office operations of government windows and the contact affair procedures of guardianship offices. They apply business process modelling in order to map the service processes and perform a statistical analysis to extract waiting, processing and lead times from the available dataset to comprehensively overlook these services. Their goal is to offer an analogy of industrial service process management by presenting how the methods and measures can be used to review processes in an industrial, manufacturing or public service, using a holistic management approach.
Estimation of average time profit for stochastic structured population
Authors: Masterkov Yu.V. , Rodina L.I.
Published: December 2020

We investigate models of dynamics of the exploited population, given by the system with impulse influences, depending on random parametres. The considered population is structured, that is either consists of separate kinds x1,…,xn, or is divided on n age groups. In particular, it is possible to investigate the population of n various kinds of fishes between which there are competition relations for food or dwelling places. We assume, that in the absence of harvesting the population development is described by system of differential equations x˙=f(x), and in time moments kd, d > 0 are taken some random share of a resource ω(k), k=1,2,…, that leads to sharp (impulse) reduction of its quantity. It is possible to control gathering process so that not to extract more than it is necessary, if shares of an extracted resource for one or several kinds appear big enough; it is necessary that the certain part of a resource has remained for the purpose of increase in the size of following gathering. We received the estimation of average time profit from the resource extraction, executed with probability one, for the structured population in a case n > 1. We described the way of extraction of a resource for a gathering mode in long-term prospect at which some part of population necessary for its further restoration constantly remains.
On targeting an integral funnel of control system at a target set in the phase space
Authors: Ushakov V.N. , Ushakov A.V.
Published: December 2020

A control system in finite-dimensional Euclidean space is considered. On a given time interval, we investigate the problem of constructing an integral funnel for which a section corresponding to the last time moment of interval is equal to a target set in a phase space. Since the exact solution of such a funnel is possible only in rare cases, the question of the approximate construction of an integral funnel is being studied.
Chapter 12 - Modern culinary traditions for precarious times. Food insecurity and everyday practices among poor households in Mexico City
Authors: Pasquier Merino Ayari G.
Published: December 2020

This research focused on the food situation of poor households in Mexico City and specifically on women’s coping strategies to meet their families’ food needs under growing economic insecurity. The survey highlighted the cooking techniques used by a group of women to blend commercial ingredients into everyday dishes to satisfy family expectations in terms of taste, appearance, and texture relative to ‘traditional’ food dishes. This chapter shows how these techniques are gradually changing the array of everyday dishes served in Mexico City—a phenomenon described as a process of building ‘modern food traditions for precarious times’.
Chapter 9 - Bâbenda – a modernized traditional dish: Urban trajectory of a Burkinabe culinary specialty
Authors: Héron Raphaëlle
Published: December 2020

Bâbenda is a traditional ‘lean season dish’ of the Mossi ethnic group, mainly in the Plateau-Central region of Burkina Faso where the capital Ouagadougou is located. This dish is currently undergoing a popular ‘modernization’, in the words of bâbenda eaters. This chapter aims to shed further light on this urban modernization trend, clarify what it refers to in terms of practices and social perceptions, and how it reshapes food satisfaction functions.
Detection of measurable residual disease in adults with acute leukaemia
Authors: Galtseva I. V. , Davydova Y. O. , Parovichnikova E. N.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a residual amount of malignant cells able to invoke relapse after complete haematological remission.

Aim. Analysis of the MRD prognostic value in various treatment protocols for acute leukaemia.

Main ﬁndings. MRD is a good prognostic indicator in lymphoblastic and myeloid leukaemia. Quantiﬁcation of residual tumour cells is used for patient risk stratiﬁcation according to the relapse prognosis. Stratiﬁcation data, including MRD estimates at check points, may impact therapy choice, such as transplantation of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells. Therefore, MRD estimation in acute leukaemia has become mandatory in clinical trial and research.
Karakteristik Pasien Demam Tifoid pada Anak dan Remaja
Authors: Mustofa Festy Ladyani , Rafie Rakhmi , Salsabilla Ghina
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang : Demam tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi akut usus halus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi atau Salmonella paratyphi A, B dan C. Karakteristik pasien demam tifoid pada anak dan remaja sering ditemukan berbagai macam yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, lama demam, derajat demam, hasil uji tes widal, dan pemberian antibiotik pada pasien. Dan karakteristik diatas ini yang akan dipaparkan pada penelitian ini. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien demam tifoid pada anak usia (4-11) tahun dan remaja usia (12-25) tahun di Rumah Sakit Peratamina Bintang Amin pada tahun 2018. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian data sekunder yang diperoleh dari data catatan medis pasien yang terdiagnosis demam tifoid pada anak dan remaja di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin. Populasi 1539 pasien. Sampel 317 pasien dengan diagnosis demam tifoid. Pengumpulan data pada bulan januari tahun 2020. Analisa melalui analisa univariat. Hasil : Karakteristik penderita demam tifoid pada anak dan remaja di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung tahun 2018 yaitu umur paling banyak 5-11  tahun (57.1%). Jenis kelamin paling banyak pada perempuan (57.7%). Derajat demam paling banyak demam febris (93.4%). Lama demam paling banyak demam pada waktu ≤ 1 minggu (77.0%). Hasil uji tes widal paling banyak hasil uji tes widal positif (84.2%). Riwayat melakukan pemeriksaan lain paling banyak ya melaukan (100%). Pemberian obat antibiotik pemberian obat antibiotik lini 2 (99.1%). Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, karakteristik penderita demam tifoid pada anak dan remaja di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin tahun 2018 yaitu berumur 5-11 tahun, dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, derajat demam febris, lama demam ≤ 1 minggu, hasil uji test widal positif, riwayat melakukan pemeriksaan lainnya ya melakukan, pemberian obat antibiotik diberikan obat antibiotik lini 2 yaitu seftriaksone dan sefixime
Dampak Debu Organik Serbuk Kayu Terhadap Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Akibat Kerja
Authors: Armiyanti Made Sherly
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Dampak pencemaran udara ini dapat terjadi pada berbagai aspek kehidupan. Pekerja yang terpajan debu memiliki risiko untuk mengalami keluhan kesehatan dan penyakit, baik penyakit infeksi maupun non infeksi (kanker).Tujuan: mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang dampak serbuk kayu organic yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penyakit paru obstruktif akibat kerja. Metode: Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah studi literatur dari berbagai jurnal nasional maupun internasional. Metode ini digunakan dengan tujuan menyajikan, menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai topik yang dibahas dengan meringkas materi yang telah diterbitkan serta memberikan informasi fakta atau analisis baru dari tinjauan literatur yang relevan kemudian membandingkan hasil tersebut dalam artikel. Hasil: Debu organik serbuk kayu dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit paru obstruktif pada pekerja yang terpapar debu tersebut. Kesimpulan: Debu organik serbuk kayu dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit paru obstruktif pada pekerja yang terpapar debu tersebut. Tedapat penelitian yang mengatakan bahwa salah sau faktor terjadinya penyakit paru obstruktif akibat kerja dipengaruhi oleh banyakya kadar debu ditempat kerja serta lamanya paparan. Untuk itu penggunaan APD seperti masker harus diperhatikan pada saat bekerja.
Peran Leptin Terhadap Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral pada Penderita DM Tipe 2
Authors: Wati Catur Ambar
Published: December 2020

Background: DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Symptoms that are complained of in diabetes mellitus sufferers are polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, and tingling sensation. The oral glucose tolerance test is a test used to diagnose DM when the blood glucose level is less firm, during pregnancy, or to screen for DM or TGT. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that regulate fat storage in the body and adjusts hunger to energy expenditure. Objective: to find out more about the role of leptin on TTGO in people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: using literature studies from both national and international journals to increase knowledge and understanding of the topics discussed by summarizing the discussion topics and comparing the results presented in the article. Results: Leptin on TTGO examination in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance had a greater chance of becoming diabetes mellitus if there was no intervention in their lifestyle. Conclusion: Leptin plays a role in checking TTGO in people with Type 2 diabetes
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Terhadap Status Gizi Anak
Authors: Hasrul Hasrul , Hamzah Hamzah , Hafid Aslinda
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang Status gizi adalah ekspresi dari keadaan keseimbangan dalam bentuk variabel tertentu atau perwujudan nutriture dalam bentuk variabel tertentu, status gizi optimal adalah keseimbangan antara asupan dan kebutuhan zat gizi. Metode; penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik menggunakan pendekatan analisis regresi berganda, dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. Hasil; tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tuaterhadap status gizi anak sekolah dasar didapatkan nilai 0. 551>0,05. Kesimpulan; bahwa tidak ada pengaruhnya pola asuh orang tua terhadap status gizi anak sekolah dasar. Dalam pengembangan informasi yang mempunyai kontribusi terhadap ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam pendidikan keperawatan tentang status gizi pada anak.