bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse class-f power amplifier using slot resonators as a harmonic filter
Authors: Rassokhina Yu. V. , Krizhanovski V. G. , Kovalenko V. A. , Colantonio P. , Giofre R.
Published: July 2014

The authors proposed and experimentally verified the power amplifier circuit of inverse class F (F–1) based on GaN transistor NPTB00004, operating at 1,7 GHz. The novelty of this scheme is the application of a three-layer structure based on slot rectangular shaped resonators in the ground plane of the microstrip transmission line as a filter of higher harmonics. To control the levels of the second and third harmonics in the output signal spectrum and simultaneously to match the 50 ohm load at the operating frequency of the amplifier, a planar periodic structure is used, consisting of two slot resonators of different lengths. Power added efficiency for experimental model of the amplifier is 60% at an output power of 3.9 W and a gain factor of 13 dB.
Data transmission system with encryption by chaotic sequences
Authors: Politans’kyy R. L. , Shpatar P. M. , Hres A. V. , Verigha A. D.
Published: July 2014

Protection of transferable information in the telecommunication systems is possible by its imposition of coding sequence on a plaintext. Encryption of pseudorandom sequences can be performed by using generation algorithms which are implemented on the basis of the phenomenon of dynamical chaos, which is sensitive to changes in the initial conditions. One of the major problems encountered in the construction of secure communication systems is to provide synchronization between the receiving and transmitting parties of communication systems. Improvement of methods of hidden data transfer based on the systems with chaotic synchronization is the important task of research in the field of information and telecommunication systems based on chaos.
This article shows an implementation of a data transmission system, encrypted by sequences, generated on the basis of one-dimensional discrete chaotic maps with ensuring synchronization of the transmitting and receiving sides of the system. In this system realization of synchronization is offered by a transmission through certain time domains of current value of xn generated by a logistic reflection. Xn transmission period depends on computer speed and distance between subscribers of the system. Its value is determined by transmitting a test message before the session. Infallible reception of test message indicates the optimal choice of a transmission period of the current value of xn. Selection period is done at the program level. For the construction of communication network modern software was used, in particular programming language Delphi 7.0. The work of the system is shown on the example of information transmission between the users of the system. The system operates in real time full duplex mode at any hardware implementation of Internet access. It is enough for the users of the system to specify IP address only.
Coaxial heat pipe for cooling of a laser’s reflector
Authors: Gershuni A. N. , Nishchik A. P.
Published: July 2014

The paper presents the development and research results for a coaxial heat pipe designed for cooling of a reflector of a solid-state laser. A coaxial cylindrical heat pipe, designed to cool the laser reflector, provides that the temperature of the heat-removing surface does not exceed 120°C at any orientation in the gravitational field, if the heat is removed by forced convection of air with the temperature of 60°C in a pulsed mode of heat flow supply of 300 W. Thermal resistance of the developed heat pipe is 0,03 K/W, the specific thermal resistance — 1,1*10–3 m2*K/W. The developed cooling system based on the evaporation-condensation principle, allows ensuring temperature uniformity of the cooling surface at low thermal resistance.
Obtaining raised density connections by thermosonic microwelding in 3D integrated microcircuits
Authors: Lanin V. L. , Petuhov I. B.
Published: July 2014

The authors consider the processes of obtaining raised density microwelded connections in 3D-integrated microcircuits by the thermosonic microwelding. The processes include the use of the raised frequencies of ultrasound, application of the microinstrument with a thinning of the working end and precision devices for ball formation, which provide reproducibility of connections quality.
At a small step of contact pads, the use of a wire of small diameter (not more than 25 µm) is necessary for devices with a multilevel arrangement of leads and chess arrangement of contact pads on the chip, providing the maximum length of the formed crosspieces does not exceed 4—5 mm.
Physical properties and band structure of crystals (3HgTe)1–x(Al2Te3)x, doped with manganese
Authors: Maryanchuk P. D. , Dymko L. N. , Romanishyn T. R. , Kovalyuk T. T. , Brus V. V. , Solovan M. N. , Mostovoy A. I.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the results of the analysis of magnetic, optical, kinetic properties and band parameters of (3HgTe)1–x(Al2Te3)x crystals doped by manganese. The behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of the (3HgTe)1–x(Al2Te3)x: crystals can be explained by the presence of Mn—Тe—Mn—Тe clusters or, more precisely, by their transition from a magnetically ordered to a paramagnetic state at Curie temperature Tc. The temperature dependences of electrical conductivity are typical for semiconductor materials. This is due to the increase in carrier concentration with the increase of temperature. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient indicates that electrons and holes participate in the transport phenomena in the studied samples (the conductivity is mixed). In (3HgTe)1–x(Al2Te3)x: crystals, the electron mobility decreases with increasing temperature, indicating the predominance of the scattering of the charge carriers on thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice. Thermoelectric power for the samples under investigation possesses negative values and increases in absolute value with the rise of temperature. The optical band gap of the samples was defined from the optical studies. We have measured current-voltage characteristics of n-TiO2/(3HgTe)1–x(Al2Te3)x: and n-TiN/(3HgTe)1–x(Al2Te3)x: heterojunctions at room temperature. The band gap, the matrix element of the interband interaction and the electron effective mass at the bottom of the conduction band were determined from the concentration dependence of the electrons effective mass at the Fermi level.
Sharp interfaces in p+-AlGaAs/n-GaAs epitaxial structures obtained by MOCVD
Authors: Vakiv N. M. , Krukovskii S. I. , Larkin S. Yu. , Avksent'ev A. Yu. , Krukovskii R. S.
Published: July 2014

The complexity of forming sharp and high-quality boundaries in p+AlGaAs/n-GaAs systems by MOCVD method is caused by differing on 80—120°С optimal crystallization temperature of GaAs layers and n-AlGaAs solid solutions. A method of forming qualitative hetero boundaries under conditions of continuous growth at changing crystallization temperature from 600—700°C has been developed. It has been determined that the crystallization of p+-AlGaAs: Zn solid solution layer on the surface of n-GaAs:Si layer, with increasing the crystallization temperature in the temperature range of 600—760°C at a rate 8—10 °C/min allows to crystallize sharp impurity boundary between the layers of p- and n-type conductivity. The method of forming sharp hetero boundaries in p-GaAs:Zn/n-GaAs:Si systems can be used for manufacturing wide range of epitaxial structures.
Small cerebellar cortex volume in patients with active Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Santos Alicia , Resmini Eugenia , Crespo Iris , Pires Patricia , Vives-Gilabert Yolanda , Granell Esther , Valassi Elena , Gómez-Anson Beatriz , Martínez-Momblán M Antonia , Mataró Maria , Webb Susan M
Published: July 2014

Objective

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with neuropsychological deficits. As the cerebellum plays a key role in neuropsychological functions it may be affected in CS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with CS have a smaller cerebellar volume than healthy controls, and to analyse whether cerebellar volume is associated with neuropsychological performance and clinical parameters.

Design

A cross-sectional study was performed.

Methods

Thirty-six CS patients (15 with active CS and 21 with CS in remission) and 36 controls matched for age, sex, and education underwent neuropsychological testing, quality of life assessment, clinical evaluation, and magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. Cerebellar volumes (white matter and cortex, bilateral) were calculated using FreeSurfer Software.

Results

Patients with active CS showed smaller bilateral cerebellar cortex volumes than controls (left,P=0.035 and right,P=0.034), as well as a trend toward smaller right cerebellar cortex volumes than patients in remission CS (P=0.051). No differences were observed in the volume of cerebellar white matter between the three groups. Both right and left cerebellar cortex volumes correlated negatively with triglyceride levels (right:r=−0.358,P=0.002 and left:r=−0.317,P=0.005) and age at diagnosis (right:r=−0.433,P=0.008 and left:r=−0.457,P=0.005). Left cerebellar cortex volume also correlated positively with visual memory performance (r=0.245,P=0.038). Right cerebellar cortex volume positively correlated with quality-of-life scores (r=0.468,P=0.004).

Conclusions

The cerebellar cortex volume is smaller in active CS patients than in controls. This finding is associated with poor visual memory and quality of life and is mostly pronounced in patients with higher triglyceride levels and older age at diagnosis.
Crise do capital, precarização do trabalho e impactos no Serviço Social
Authors: Ceolin George Francisco
Published: July 2014

O artigo analisa alguns impactos das transformações societárias em curso no período histórico de transição dos séculos XX e XXI na particularidade da profissão Serviço Social. A análise agrega um complexo de mediações essenciais para elucidar o significado das determinações da alienação do trabalho no exercício profissional, enquanto partícipe da divisão social do trabalho coletivo no processo de reprodução das relações sociais. O conteúdo apreende as particularidades das formas de precarização do trabalho e das manifestações da questão social enquanto expressões da alienação e fetichismo em tempos de crise do capital.
A questão dos intelectuais em Gramsci
Authors: Duriguetto Maria Lúcia
Published: July 2014

O artigo trata do desenvolvimento da análise do marxista italiano Antonio Gramsci contida nos Cadernos do cárcere acerca do conceito e da função dos intelectuais. Nosso objetivo é apresentar os principais elementos que conformam a função dos intelectuais no exercício e manutenção dos projetos hegemônicos de classe no capitalismo, bem como os processos que tornam possíveis uma atividade intelectual voltada para a construção de um novo projeto de hegemonia das classes subalternas. Aqui, vêm à tona os conceitos de senso comum, bom-senso, reforma intelectual e moral e, especialmente, a relação entre intelectuais e partido.
Benefício de Prestação Continuada e perícia médica previdenciária: limitações do processo
Authors: Bim Miriam Cláudia Spada , Murofuse Neide Tiemi
Published: July 2014

Com o objetivo de analisar os resultados do processo de avaliação da pessoa com deficiência (PcD) requerente do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) - após a implantação do modelo de avaliação baseado na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) - foi desenvolvido um estudo documental envolvendo a análise estatística descritiva de 1.404 requerimentos de BPC para PcD, no período de maio de 2006 a abril de 2012. Os resultados evidenciaram a permanência da estrutura de exclusão, com a avaliação adotada, mantendo-se a restritividade de acesso da PcD ao BPC.
Saúde mental, intersetorialidade e questão social: um estudo na ótica dos sujeitos
Authors: Scheffer Graziela , Silva Lahana Gomes
Published: July 2014

O estudo ora apresentado é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa com os profissionais e usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) que visou identificar o acesso dos portadores de transtorno mental na rede "atenção em saúde mental" e do trabalho intersetorial da equipe. A investigação é fruto do trabalho de conclusão de curso de Serviço Social vinculado ao Grupo de Estudos e Extensão - "Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Cidadania". Os resultados obtidos nos ofereceram um panorama dos desafios e avanços da Reforma Psiquiátrica no cotidiano do trabalho profissional e da vida social dos portadores de transtorno mental.
The Epidemiology of Cleft Lip and Palate in Canada, 1998 to 2007
Authors: Matthews Jennifer L.K. , Oddone-Paolucci Elizabeth , Harrop Robertston A.
Published: July 2014

Objective

To examine the birth prevalence, gender distribution, and pattern of surgical intervention for clefts in Canada (1998 to 2007). Also to highlight the difficulties associated with studying the epidemiology of clefts using the current data collection mechanisms.

Methods

Epidemiologic data acquired from the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Setting

Population-based study in Canada 1998 to 2007.

Patients

All live births with an International Classification of Diseases (9th or 10th revision) diagnostic code for cleft palate or for cleft lip with or without cleft palate or with a surgical intervention code for repair of cleft lip or cleft palate.

Main Outcome Measures

Birth prevalence, gender distribution, and pattern of surgical intervention.

Results

There were 3,015,325 live births in Canada (1998 to 2007). The mean birth prevalence was 0.82 per 1000 live births for cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 0.58 per 1000 live births for cleft palate. The birth prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was significantly higher in boys, with a stable boy to girl ratio of 1.75:1. Cleft palate was significantly greater in girls; however, the boy to girl ratio decreased from 0.97:1 in 1998 to 0.59:1 in 2007. The median age of repair in Canada from 1998 to 2007 was 4.7 months for cleft lip and 11.6 months for cleft palate. Thirty percent of patients underwent cleft palate repair after age 1.

Conclusion

The birth prevalence of cleft palate and cleft lip with or without cleft palate is stable in Canada. An increasing birth prevalence of cleft palate in girls is suggested. The timing of surgical intervention is consistent with current standards. The challenges associated with collecting these data in Canada are discussed.
A rare diving beetle from Baltic amber:Hydrotrupes prometheusnew species reveals former widespread distribution of the genus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: Gómez R. Antonio , Damgaard Anders L.
Published: July 2014

A new species in the extant genus,HydrotrupesSharp,H. prometheusn. sp., (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) is described from Baltic amber (Eocene) based on examination of a single female specimen. This description represents one of a limited number of diving beetle taxa described from fossiliferous amber and is currently the oldest known fossil assigned to Agabinae. Based on this specimenHydrotrupesis at least 40 million years old. The occurrence ofHydrotrupesduring the Eocene suggests that the current disjunct distribution of livingHydrotrupesspecies occurring in western North America and eastern China is a relict of former widespread distribution in the northern continents. Considering the age of this fossil and its similarity to living members of the genusHydrotrupes, the conservation of morphology in this lineage of diving beetles is notable. Key morphological characters of the new species are illustrated, and the significance of this discovery for understanding Agabinae evolution and the biogeography of this previously hypothesized trans-Beringian lineage is discussed.
Analytical tools for quantifying the morphology of invertebrate trace fossils
Authors: Lehane James R. , Ekdale A. A.
Published: July 2014

The analysis of trace fossils usually is performed qualitatively, which makes comparing trace fossils from different units less objective than quantitative approaches. Quantifying the shape of trace fossils enables scientists to compare trace fossils described by different people with greater precision and accuracy. This paper describes several methods for quantifying invertebrate trace fossils, including morphology dependent methods (motility index, mesh size, topology, tortuosity, branching angle, and the number of cell sides) and morphology independent methods (fractal analysis, burrow area shape, and occupied space percentage (OSP)). These tools were performed on a select group of graphoglyptid trace fossils, highlighting the benefits and flaws of each analytical approach. Combined together, these methods allow for more objective comparisons between different trace fossils.
A new Givetian athyridid species from northwest Africa discovered by three-dimensional reconstruction of shell morphology of internal molds
Authors: Schemm-Gregory Mena
Published: July 2014

A new method of analyzing the internal shell morphology (including the complete brachidium of internal molds) of articulated brachiopod shells through the use of serial sections and digital three-dimensional reconstruction is presented. The method introduced is essential for the study of internal shell structures such as brachidia, or cardinalia, if computed tomography (CT) is not suitable or if a CT scanner is not available. A new species ofAthyrisfrom Givetian beds of Northwest Africa was selected to exemplify this method. To compare this species with figured serial sections in the literature, two-dimensional drawings of grinding surfaces are provided.Athyris africanan. sp. is only preserved as internal molds of articulated specimens. The new species is included in the evolutionary lineage of the group aroundAthyris concentrica. The faunal assemblage ofA. africanan. sp. shows affinities to Western European and North American brachiopod faunas.
Virtual reconstruction of endocast anatomy in early ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii)
Authors: Giles Sam , Friedman Matt
Published: July 2014

Cranial endocasts, infillings of the skeletal void that once contained the brain and associated soft tissues, represent detailed anatomical structures that have long been the focus of paleontological investigation. We applied computed tomographics (CTs) in order to generate endocast models for the Paleozoic actinopterygian fishesMimipiscisandKentuckia, which serve as key representatives of anatomically primitive, early ray fins in analyses of early vertebrate relationships. The resultant endocranial models generally corroborate existing accounts of endocranial anatomy in these genera, drawn from descriptions of the inner face of the brain cavity. However, the endocasts also provide new anatomical details, the most significant of which are the presence inMimipiscisof widely divergent olfactory tracts, small optic lobes, and anterior and posterior semicircular canals that extend dorsal to the roof of the endocranial chamber. By contrast,Kentuckiapossesses a single, straight olfactory tract, wide optic lobes, and anterior and posterior semicircular canals that do not reach the dorsal surface of the endocast. In each of these features,Kentuckiaresembles stratigraphically younger actinopterygians such asLawrenciellaandKansasiella, whereasMimipiscismore closely resembles sarcopterygians and other outgroups. This character distribution provides further support for earlier phylogenetic interpretations of these genera.
Endocranial anatomy of a new fossil porpoise (Odontoceti, Phocoenidae) from the Pliocene San Diego Formation of California
Authors: Racicot Rachel A. , Rowe Timothy
Published: July 2014

The Pliocene fossil porpoise SDSNH 65276 has extremely elongate mandibular morphology, unlike that of any marine amniote, and is superficially most similar to the living bird species known as skimmers (Rynchops sp.). Endocasts of the pterygoid sinuses and endocranial cavity were digitally segmented from high-resolution X-ray CT scans of the specimen to explore internal anatomy of functionally and phylogenetically important anatomical features of this specimen and odontocetes in general. The sinuses are similar in volume and shape to extant porpoise species, but the dorsal extension of the preorbital lobes are particularly elongate as in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The cranial endocast also shows similarities with extant porpoises, but has much deeper interhemispheric fissures, which are filled by ossified meninges, particularly a deep falx cerebri and shallower tentorium cerebelli. Ossifications of these parts of the meninges may reflect faster angular accelerations of the head, deeper diving ability, or both. Penetrations of the endocranial cavity for cranial nerves and blood vessels are like those of extant porpoises. The internal skull morphology of this unique delphinoid sheds additional light both on its phylogenetic affinities and novel odontocete adaptations.
Drainage water use options for a regional irrigation system
Authors: Gotsis Dimitris , Giakoumakis Spyros , Alexakis Dimitris
Published: July 2014

The use of saline drainage water for irrigation is a management practice that results in fresh water savings and also addresses the problem of drainage water disposal. However, environmental and economic restrictions need to be considered in order to design a sustainable system. An optimisation routine is proposed here that aims to estimate the quantities of drainage water that could be used for irrigation. The proposed routine incorporates crop–water production functions to simulate a crop's performance under a saline environment. The area of implementation was the regional irrigation network of Agoulinitsa in western Greece, a coastal region with a shallow aquifer. Scenarios under different prices of fresh water and salinity values of drainage water were examined.
Extreme High-Pressure and/or High-Temperature Wireline-Data Acquisition: Planning for Success
Authors: Owens J.. , Parry G.. , Taylor B..
Published: July 2014

Data acquisition in extreme environments of high pressure and/or high temperature (HPHT) with pressures up to 30,000 psi and temperatures up to 500°F requires not only specialist technology capable of surviving these conditions but also many months of preparation and planning to ensure a successful operation.

The aim of this publication is to provide an overview of what is involved in the planning, preparation, and execution of an extreme HPHT wireline data acquisition—from the customer setting the information objectives through to data delivery. This includes developing an agreed quality plan between the data provider and the customer covering testing and deployment of the latest extreme HPHT logging equipment.

One must consider all aspects to minimize risks including detailed tailoring of the logging programs to manage time in hole, to ensure accurate depth control, and, by using a deployment risk-management process, to ensure that what goes in the hole comes out again.

The implementation of these procedures is illustrated with a case history of a series of HPHT exploration wells drilled in the Central Graben of the North Sea (the "HPHT Heartland" of the North Sea). Bottomhole conditions were predicted to approach 400°F and 15,000 psi. These extreme conditions negated the use of conventional wireline tools, and so, from initial early planning discussions between client and service provider, new detailed programs were designed and implemented as a specific "Quality Plan" to use the advanced HPHT wireline-logging tools.
Changes in Oxygen Conditions in Pławniowice Reservoir as a Result of Restoration with Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Method
Authors: Kostecki Maciej
Published: July 2014

The restoration of the anthropogenic Pławniowice water reservoir with the hypolimnion withdrawal method (the Olszewski's tube) began in December 2003. The decision to restore the reservoir had been taken due to its terrible condition resulting from the hypertrophy, which had been indicated by the research from the years 1993–1998.

The following paper presents the results of eight-year-long research into the formation of oxygen conditions and restoration settings. They were compared with the data obtained from the research before the restoration. Positive changes were witnessed. It was showed that grasping the changes in oxygen conditions enables the comparison of oxygen profiles in the same months in subsequent years. The ratio of anoxic water layer thickness to the oxygenated layer thickness was suggested as a factor characterizing oxygen conditions. The area described with an izooxa in the xy coordinate system was suggested as a factor [O2 mg/m2] allowing researchers to understand and describe occurring changes. It was observed that the oxygen solved in water as a result of the restoration occurred in the whole water column in the third decade of July. The oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion gradually rose in May, June and July each year. It was showed that the improvement in oxygen conditions stemmed from progressing oligotrophy of the reservoir.
Institutionalization of Regional Policy and the Regional Institution System in Serbia
Authors: Takács Zoltán , Nagy Imre
Published: July 2014

This study summarizes aspects of Serbian regional policy with special focus on regions and the development of the regional institutions. The study emphasizes the importance of the issue in the Republic of Serbia in 2010, with the ambition to join the European Union. With the enactment of the new Law on Regional Development and the legal framework five NUTS 2 regions were created. The Ministry of Economy and Regional Development is responsible for the institutional coordination of the regional policy. Regional Development Agencies are at the intermediate level of institutional hierarchy. After the regionalization of Serbia, the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina remained a whole and unified NUTS 2 region with complex and developed regional institutions.
O tak zwanych nieklasycznych koncepcjach prawdy według Ajdukiewicza
Authors: Chlewicki Maciej
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Artykuł prezentuje Ajdukiewiczowską krytykę nieklasycznych koncepcji praw-dy. Przez te koncepcje należy rozumieć koherencyjnę konsensualn% ewiden-cyjną oraz pragmatyczną teorię prawdy. Autor artykułu skupia się na analizie jednego tylko, ale jego zdaniem najważniejszego argumentu krytycznego pod adresem tych teorii, mianowicie polegającego na tym, że zgodnie z myślą Ajdukiewicza wspomnianych koncepcji nie należy w ogóle traktować jako teorii prawdy. S4 one wprawdzie, według Ajdukiewicza, ważnymi elementami procesu budowania i osiągania przez nas tego, co nazywamy wiedz% w tym wiedzą naukową - np. jako składniki teorii uzasadniania - ale traktowanie ich i nazywanie koncepcjami prawdy jest fałszowaniem tego pojęcia.
Dy rektywalna teoria znaczenia jako teoria znaczenia wąskiego
Authors: Grabarczyk Paweł
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

W artykule przedstawiam zalety traktowania dyrektywalnej teorii znaczenia (DTZ) jako wspólcześnie rozumianej teorii znaczenia wąskiego. Rozpoczynam od sformułowania siedmiu postulatów, które udana teoria znaczenia wąskiego powinna spełniać. Następnie kontrastuję teorię dyrektywalną z semantyką ról pojeciowych Neda Blocka. Dwa aspekty tej teorii zostają włczone do DTZ - jej naturalizm i dodatkowy, czwarty typ dyrektyw znaczeniowych. W dalszej części artykułu pokazuję jak skorzystanie z DTZ w charakterze teorii znaczenia wąskiego pozwala na uniknięcie pewnych dobrze znanych wad semantyk funkcjonalnych. Na zakończenie pokazuję w jaki sposób zmodyfikowana DTZ spełnia siedem postulatów, od których rozpoczajem, i zarysowuję krótko dalsze drogi rozwoju dla tej teorii.
Renowacja radykalnego konwencjonalizmu
Authors: Grobler Adam
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Artykuł identyfikuje motywy wspólczesnej filozofii antycypowane przez rady-kalny konwencjonalizm. Zarazem wskazuje na to, że z uwagi na odkrycie ute-oretyzowania obserwacji radykalny konwencjonalizm jest dziś stanowiskiem przestarzałym. Ta diagnoza służy poszukiwaniu takiej rewizji radykalnego konwencjonalizmu, która nadaje się do utrzymania i zachowuje jak najwiócej elementów oryginalnego stanowiska Ajdukiewicza. Analizując m.in. stosunek Quine'a doktryny niezdeterminowania przekładu i Wittgensteina koncepcji gier językowych do radykalnego konwencjonalizmu, autor dochodzi do wniosku, że radykalny konwencjonalizm należy uzupełnić o pragmatyczną teorię obserwacji Feyerabenda, zaś oryginalne stanowisko można potraktować jako idealiza-cyjną teorię języka. Innym wnioskiem jest, że opanowanie jakiejkolwiek apa-ratury pojęciowej wymaga znajomości alternatywnych aparatur pojeciowych.
Twórczość i wolność w ujęciu Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza
Authors: Jadacki Jacek
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Artykuł stanowi rekonstrukcję bardzo ważnej i owocnej dyskusji między przed-stawicielami Szkoły Lwowsko-Warszawskiej, która miała miejsce na począt-ku XX wieku. Dyskusja ta dotyczyła zagadnienia prawdy, a jej ubocznym skutkiem było stworzenie przez Jana Łukasiewicza logiki wielowartościowej. Rekonstrukcja opiera się częściowo na dwóch nieznanych tekstach Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza, odnalezionych ostatnio w jednym z dzienników lwowskich tego okresu.
Czy Ajdukiewicz był realistą?
Authors: Leszczyński Damian
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Według standardowej wykładni Ajdukiewicz był realistę a jedną z jego naj-ważniejszych zasług było sformułowanie celnych argumentów przeciwko ide-alizmowi. Taką interpretację znajdujemy zarówno w popularnych opracowa-niach, jak i specjalistycznych badaniach poświeconych jego filozofii. Jednak bliższe przyjrzenie się jego pogłdom, zarówno w wersji wczesnej (radykalny konwencjonalizm), jak i późnej (radykalny empiryzm), stawia pod znakiem zapytania to standardowe ujęcie. Jeśli bowiem mamy Ajdukiewicza nazywać realistę to o jaki właściwie typ realizmu może tu chodzić? Moja hipoteza głosi, że „realizm” Ajdukiewicza niewiele ma wspólnego z tym, co tradycyjnie rozumie się pod tym pojęciem. Świadczą o tym glówne założenia jego filozofii: (a) akceptacja stanowiska Kanta o decydującej roli podmiotowych struktur poznawczych w kształtowaniu obrazu świata, (b) semantyczna interpretacja tego stanowiska (w duchu pierwszej filozofii Wittgensteina, którą za Steniusem można określić jako lingwistyczny transcendentalizm), (c) przyjęcie konwen-cjonalistycznej tezy o pluralizmie struktur (schematów pojeciowych) i obrazów świata; w pózniejszym okresie doszło jeszcze założenie (d) uprzywilejowujące schemat pojeciowy języka potocznego oraz języka nauk empirycznych.
O twórczości Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza
Authors: Nowaczyk Adam
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

W eseju tym autor przedstawia i analizuje twórczosc Ajdukiewicza w róznych dziedzinach. S4 to: składnia, semiotyka, epistemologia i metodologia nauk. Najwięcej miejsca poświęca autor pogłdom epistemologicznym Ajdukiewicza (które ewoluowały od radykalnego konwencjonalizmu do skrajnego empiry-zmu), jego koncepcji metodologii pragmatycznej (zarazem empirycznej i nor-matywnej) oraz oryginalnej metodzie parafrazowania tradycyjnych tez filozo-ficznych na język metalogiki lub semantyki.
Zakres i treść nazwy wedug Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza (zastosowanie związków Galois)
Authors: Nowak Marek
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Szeroko znane, czy wręcz popularne, pojęcia Ajdukiewicza
Ajdukiewicza eksternalistyczna odpowiedź na sceptycyzm
Authors: Ziemińska Renata
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz definiuje sceptycyzm jako tezę że nie istnieje kryte-rium prawdy, a w konsekwencji nie jest możliwe uzasadnienie jakiejkolwiek tezy. Według Ajdukiewicza, sceptycy mieszają dwa poziomy uzasadnienia: uzasadnienie sądu
The Role of Spatial Planning in the Investment Process in Poland and Slovenia
Authors: Krajewska Małgorzata , Źróbek Sabina , Kovač Maruška Šubic
Published: July 2014

This paper is based on the hypothesis that: “Spatial planning should regulate spatial development, taking into account the public and private interests, and enabling the development of public and private investments in construction projects. Investors may be discouraged from construction on account of too small or too excessive a number of spatial implementation conditions (land use guidelines) in particular, where an adequate professional basis has not been provided”

This hypothesis has been verified by analyzing spatial planning processes in Poland and Slovenia, two countries whose centrally-planned economies (in Slovenia, this was called the socialist market economy) have been transformed into functioning market economies.

The main aim of this study was to discuss the significance of spatial planning documents in the investment process and their contribution to the preservation of spatial order. Special emphasis was placed on planning documents that allow construction in areas not covered by a local zoning plan. In Poland, the relevant document is the outline planning permission for development of land or property. Investors are required to prepare extensive source documents that are used by the (local) authorities for issuing outline permissions for the development of land and of property. Due to a lengthy procedure for obtaining outline planning permission, development is delayed and, as a consequence, investors are discouraged from building. In Slovenia, the relevant spatial plans at the local level include the municipal spatial plan, which set out the spatial implementation conditions and the detailed spatial plan. The spatial implementation conditions are the criteria and conditions for intervention as determined by the spatial planning document, in accordance with which the acquisition of building permits under regulations on construction is prepared. These can have a significant impact on the performance of the investment project. In some cases, such conditions even discourage investors from building, because they are not on an adequate professional basis.

The three examples discussed in this paper show that both too general and too precise spatial implementation conditions (land use guidelines) are unfavorable for investors and validate the hypothesis.
The Reactant Concentration Simulation at Catalyst Membrane Interface of a MICRO PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Goudy Sean , Bade Shrestha S. O. , Sahin Iskender
Published: July 2014

Modeling is increasingly widely used to optimization, improvement and cost reduction efforts of the fuel cell technology. Although there are many computational models in literature that describe the behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, there is a only few models that simulates the catalyst surface concentration of reactant gases at the catalyst-membrane layer interface. A modeling of a PEM fuel cell is presented to determine both the bulk reactant concentrations and the catalyst surface concentrations at the catalyst layer-membrane layer interface. The results suggest that the reactant deficiencies experienced at high current densities are localized to the catalyst surface. However, the bulk concentration of reactant is not zero, and, in most cases, the bulk concentration of the reactant gases is significantly greater than zero. In actuality, it is the catalyst surface, which is being depleted of reactant, and, at the limiting current density, the surface concentrations of reactant gases are zero. This treatment develops explicitly link between the fuel cell overpotentials and the movement of reactants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10662Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1–17
A Study on Developing Pico Propeller Turbine for Low Head Micro Hydropower Plants in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Pradhumna , Budhathoki Umesh , Timilsina Shiva Raj , Manandhar Saurav , Bajracharya Tri Ratna
Published: July 2014

Most of the turbines used in Nepal are medium or high head turbines. These types of turbines are efficient but limited for rivers and streams in the mountain and hilly region which have considerably high head. Low head turbines should be used in the plain region if energy is to be extracted from the water sources there. This helps in the rural electrification and decentralized units in community, reducing the cost of construction of national grid and also to its dependency, in already aggravated crisis situation. There are good turbine designs for medium to high heads but traditional designs for heads under about 5m (i.e. cross flow turbine and waterwheel) are slow running, requiring substantial speed increase to drive an AC generator. Propeller turbines have a higher running speed but the airfoil blades are normally too complicated for micro hydro installations. Therefore, the open volute propeller turbine with constant thickness blades was ventured as possible solution. Such type of propeller turbine is designed to operate at low inlet head and high suction head. This enables the exclusion of closed spiral casing. Also, the constant thickness blades enable the use of forging process instead of casting of complex airfoil blades. This leads to considerable reduction in manufacturing cost and complexity. A 1kW prototype was designed and scale down model of 185W was fabricated and tested. The runner consisted of five blades of 4mm thickness with camber and twist. The runaway speed of 1058 rpm was attained at design flow rate of 25 l/s. At full load the efficiency of model was found to be about 57%. Applying scaling effects the expected efficiency of the prototype was estimated to be about 60%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10669   Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 36–53
Challenges and Opportunities in Atrium Buildings: A Review
Authors: Bajracharya Susan
Published: July 2014

One of the most significant problems regarding the space conditioning of atriums is their relatively large volumes compared with traditional commercial and institutional spaces. This may lead to high energy consumption, if atriums are fully conditioned unless effective design strategies are implemented. Most people perceive atriums as indoor environments, not as outdoor or intermediate environments and therefore demand high comfort levels. It is often very difficult to achieve high thermal comfort and low energy consumption at same time. A 1 °C decrease in indoor temperature in winter will decrease energy consumption by 5 %. If people are aware of such relationships, it might lead them to accept atriums with lower temperatures in winter and higher temperature in summer and wear appropriate clothing while in atrium spaces, thus achieving considerable savings in energy use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10671Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 65–68
The Law of the Iterated Logarithm in Analaysis
Authors: Ghimire Santosh
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we first discuss the history of the law of the iterated logarithm. We then focus our discussion on how it was introduced in analysis. Finally we mention different types of law of the iterated logarithm and state some of the recent developments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10674Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 89–94
Concerns and Challenges of Data Integration from Objective Post-Positivist Approach and a Subjective Non-Positivist Interpretive Approach and Their Validity/Credibility Issues
Authors: Khanal Ram Chandra
Published: July 2014

Integration of data derived from objective post positivist approach and interpretive non-positivist approach through mixed methods research has gained increasing attention in the recent past. But, at the same, concerns have been raised in the process of integrating data and, hence, enhancing validity/credibility of a research. This article seeks to analyze some concerns and challenges related to these aspects and provides some process to address these challenges. This article reviewed various peer reviewed journals and other grey literatures focusing on data integration within mixed method research. The paper presents some theoretical and methodological concerns and challenges of data integration and reviews two validity/credibility frameworks. Based on these review, the paper outlines a strategy of data integration. The strategy includes selection of appropriate research methodology and data conversion processes based on the research need. The paper provides a four step process for data conversion by adopting quantitizing approach which include; creating focus questions, response coding, thematic categorizing and employing qualitative data analysis process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10677Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 115–129
Application of the Theory of a Single First Order Equation to Traffic Flow
Authors: Chaudhary Harideo
Published: July 2014

Few years ago, Lighthill and Whitham (1955) published a lengthy paper dealing with the theory of highway traffic flow .The basic idea in their approach to the problem is that the flow of traffic along a highway is analogous to the flow of a fluid in an open channel or pipe. This point of view replaces a long column of closely spaced discrete moving vehicles with an equivalent continuous moving stream of liquid (e.g. water) or gas (e.g. air). In other words, Lighthill and Whitham analyzed the phenomenon of traffic flow as though it were a problem in fluid mechanics. This approach allows some, though certainly not all, of the physical and mathematical relationships of hydrodynamics and aerodynamics to be utilized in the traffic flow problem. (Bank, p. 272) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10681Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 175–181
Robust Force Control of Series Elastic Actuators
Authors: Calanca Andrea , Capisani Luca , Fiorini Paolo
Published: July 2014

Force-controlled series elastic actuators (SEA) are widely used in novel human-robot interaction (HRI) applications, such as assistive and rehabilitation robotics. These systems are characterized by the presence of the “human in the loop”, so that control response and stability depend on uncertain human dynamics, including reflexes and voluntary forces. This paper proposes a force control approach that guarantees the stability and robustness of the coupled human-robot system, based on sliding-mode control (SMC), considering the human dynamics as a disturbance to reject. We propose a chattering free solution that employs simple task models to obtain high performance, comparable with second order solutions. Theoretical stability is proven within the sliding mode framework, and predictability is reached by avoiding the reaching phase by design. Furthermore, safety is introduced by a proper design of the sliding surface. The practical feasibility of the approach is shown using an SEA prototype coupled with a human impedance in severe stress tests. To show the quality of the approach, we report a comparison with state-of-the-art second order SMC, passivity-based control and adaptive control solutions.
Protein Quality Control in the Nucleus
Authors: Nielsen Sofie , Poulsen Esben , Rebula Caio , Hartmann-Petersen Rasmus
Published: July 2014

In their natural environment, cells are regularly exposed to various stress conditions that may lead to protein misfolding, but also in the absence of stress, misfolded proteins occur as the result of mutations or failures during protein synthesis. Since such partially denatured proteins are prone to aggregate, cells have evolved several elaborate quality control systems to deal with these potentially toxic proteins. First, various molecular chaperones will seize the misfolded protein and either attempt to refold the protein or target it for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The degradation of misfolded proteins is clearly compartmentalized, so unique degradation pathways exist for misfolded proteins depending on whether their subcellular localization is ER/secretory, mitochondrial, cytosolic or nuclear. Recent studies, mainly in yeast, have shown that the nucleus appears to be particularly active in protein quality control. Thus, specific ubiquitin-protein ligases located in the nucleus, target not only misfolded nuclear proteins, but also various misfolded cytosolic proteins which are transported to the nucleus prior to their degradation. In comparison, much less is known about these mechanisms in mammalian cells. Here we highlight recent advances in our understanding of nuclear protein quality control, in particular regarding substrate recognition and proteasomal degradation.
Enhanced Adhesion of Continuous Nanoporous Au Layers by Thermochemical Oxidation of Glassy Carbon
Authors: Bromberg Lori , Xia Jiaxin , Rooney Ryan , Dimitrov Nikolay
Published: July 2014

The fabrication of a nanoporous gold (NPG)-based catalyst on a glassy carbon (GC) support results normally in large isolated and poorly adhering clusters that suffer considerable material loss upon durability testing. This work exploits thermochemical oxidation of GC, which, coupled with the utilization of some recent progress in fabricating continuous NPG layers using a Pd seed layer, aims to enhance the adhesion to the GC surface. Thermochemical oxidation causes interconnected pores within the GC structure to open and substantially improves the wettability of the GC surface, which are both beneficial toward the improvement of the overall quality of the NPG deposit. It is demonstrated that thermochemical oxidation neither affects the efficiency of the Au0.3Ag0.7 alloy (NPG precursor) deposition nor hinders the achievement of continuity in the course of the NPG fabrication process. Furthermore, adhesion tests performed by a rotating disk electrode setup on deposits supported on thermochemically-oxidized and untreated GCs ascertain the enhanced adhesion on the thermochemically-oxidized samples. The best adhesion results are obtained on a continuous NPG layer fabricated on thermochemically-oxidized GC electrodes seeded with a dense network of Pd clusters.
Deep Geothermal Energy Production in Germany
Authors: Agemar Thorsten , Weber Josef , Schulz Rüdiger
Published: July 2014

Germany uses its low enthalpy hydrothermal resources predominantly for balneological applications, space and district heating, but also for power production. The German Federal government supports the development of geothermal energy in terms of project funding, market incentives and credit offers, as well as a feed-in tariff for geothermal electricity. Although new projects for district heating take on average six years, geothermal energy utilisation is growing rapidly, especially in southern Germany. From 2003 to 2013, the annual production of geothermal district heating stations increased from 60 GWh to 530 GWh. In the same time, the annual power production increased from 0 GWh to 36 GWh. Currently, almost 200 geothermal facilities are in operation or under construction in Germany. A feasibility study including detailed geological site assessment is still essential when planning a new geothermal facility. As part of this assessment, a lot of geological data, hydraulic data, and subsurface temperatures can be retrieved from the geothermal information system GeotIS, which can be accessed online [1].