bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-year simulation of ozone and particulate matter in China
using WRF/CMAQ modeling system
Authors: Hu Jianlin , Chen Jianjun , Ying Qi , Zhang Hongliang
Published: August 2016

Abstract. China has been experiencing severe air pollution in recent decades. Although an ambient air quality monitoring network for criteria pollutants has been constructed in over 100 cities since 2013 in China, the temporal and spatial characteristics of some important pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) components, remain unknown, limiting further studies investigating potential air pollution control strategies to improve air quality and associating human health outcomes with air pollution exposure. In this study, a yearlong (2013) air quality simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was conducted to provide detailed temporal and spatial information of ozone (O3), total PM2.5, and chemical components. Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) was used for anthropogenic emissions and observation data obtained from the national air quality monitoring network were collected to validate model performance. The model successfully reproduces the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations at most cities for most months, with model performance statistics meeting the performance criteria. However, overprediction of O3 generally occurs at low concentration range while underprediction of PM2.5 happens at low concentration range in summer. Spatially, the model has better performance in southern China than in northern China, central China, and Sichuan Basin. Strong seasonal variations of PM2.5 exist and wind speed and direction play important roles in high PM2.5 events. Secondary components have more boarder distribution than primary components. Sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), and primary organic aerosol (POA) are the most important PM2.5 components. All components have the highest concentrations in winter except secondary organic aerosol (SOA). This study proves the ability of the CMAQ model to reproduce severe air pollution in China, identifies the directions where improvements are needed, and provides information for human exposure to multiple pollutants for assessing health effects.
Impacts of historical climate and land cover changes on fine
particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality in East Asia
between 1980 and 2010
Authors: Fu Yu , Tai Amos P. K. , Liao Hong
Published: August 2016

Abstract. To examine the effects of changes in climate, land cover and land use (LCLU), and anthropogenic emissions on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) between the 5-year periods 1981–1985 and 2007–2011 in East Asia, we perform a series of simulations using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) driven by assimilated meteorological data and a suite of land cover and land use data. Our results indicate that climate change alone could lead to a decrease in wintertime PM2.5 concentration by 4.0–12.0 µg m−3 in northern China, but to an increase in summertime PM2.5 by 6.0–8.0 µg m−3 in those regions. These changes are attributable to the changing chemistry and transport of all PM2.5 components driven by long-term trends in temperature, wind speed and mixing depth. The concentration of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is simulated to increase by 0.2–0.8 µg m−3 in both summer and winter in most regions of East Asia due to climate change alone, mostly reflecting higher biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions under warming. The impacts of LCLU change alone on PM2.5 (−2.1 to +1.3 µg m−3) are smaller than that of climate change, but among the various components the sensitivity of SOA and thus organic carbon to LCLU change (−0.4 to +1.2 µg m−3) is quite significant especially in summer, which is driven mostly by changes in biogenic VOC emissions following cropland expansion and changing vegetation density. The combined impacts show that while the effect of climate change on PM2.5 air quality is more pronounced, LCLU change could offset part of the climate effect in some regions but exacerbate it in others. As a result of both climate and LCLU changes combined, PM2.5 levels are estimated to change by −12.0 to +12.0 µg m−3 across East Asia between the two periods. Changes in anthropogenic emissions remain the largest contributor to deteriorating PM2.5 air quality in East Asia during the study period, but climate and LCLU changes could lead to a substantial modification of PM2.5 levels.
Mapping of West Siberian taiga wetland complexes using Landsat imagery:
implications for methane emissions
Authors: Terentieva Irina Evgenievna , Glagolev Mikhail Vladimirovich , Lapshina Elena Dmitrievna , Sabrekov Alexandr Faritovich , Maksyutov Shamil
Published: August 2016

Abstract. High-latitude wetlands are important for understanding climate change risks because these environments sink carbon dioxide and emit methane. However, fine-scale heterogeneity of wetland landscapes poses a serious challenge when generating regional-scale estimates of greenhouse gas fluxes from point observations. In order to reduce uncertainties at the regional scale, we mapped wetlands and water bodies in the taiga zone of The West Siberia Lowland (WSL) on a scene-by-scene basis using a supervised classification of Landsat imagery. Training data consist of high-resolution images and extensive field data collected at 28 test areas. The classification scheme aims at supporting methane inventory applications and includes seven wetland ecosystem types comprising nine wetland complexes distinguishable at the Landsat resolution. To merge typologies, mean relative areas of wetland ecosystems within each wetland complex type were estimated using high-resolution images. Accuracy assessment based on 1082 validation polygons of 10  ×  10 pixel size indicated an overall map accuracy of 79 %. The total area of the WSL wetlands and water bodies was estimated to be 52.4 Mha or 4–12 % of the global wetland area. Ridge-hollow complexes prevail in WSL's taiga zone accounting for 33 % of the total wetland area, followed by pine bogs or “ryams” (23 %), ridge-hollow-lake complexes (16 %), open fens (8 %), palsa complexes (7 %), open bogs (5 %), patterned fens (4 %), and swamps (4 %). Various oligotrophic environments are dominant among wetland ecosystems, while poor fens cover only 14 % of the area. Because of the significant change in the wetland ecosystem coverage in comparison to previous studies, a considerable reevaluation of the total CH4 emissions from the entire region is expected. A new Landsat-based map of WSL's taiga wetlands provides a benchmark for validation of coarse-resolution global land cover products and wetland data sets in high latitudes.
Quantifying the roles of bedrock damage and microclimate on potential soil production rates, erosion rates, and topographic steepness: A case study of the San Gabriel Mountains, California
Authors: Pelletier Jon D.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Discerning how tectonic uplift rates, climate, soil production rates, erosion rates, and topography interact is essential for understanding the geomorphic evolution of mountain ranges. Perhaps the key independent variable in this interaction is the potential soil production rate, i.e., the upper limit at which bedrock can be converted into transportable material. In this paper I document the controls on potential soil production rates using the San Gabriel Mountains (SGM) of California as a case study. The prevailing conceptual model for the geomorphic evolution of the SGM is that tectonic uplift rates control topographic steepness, erosion rates, and potential soil production rates. I test the alternative hypothesis that bedrock damage and microclimate also exert first-order controls on landscape evolution in the SGM via their influence on potential soil production rates. I develop an empirical equation that relates potential soil production rates in the SGM to a bedrock damage index that depends on the local density of faults and a microclimatic index that relates to aspect-driven variations in vegetation cover and wildfire severity and frequency. Assuming a balance between soil production and erosion rates at the hillslope scale, I further show that observed trends in topographic steepness can be reproduced using the empirical equation for potential soil production rates. The results suggest that tectonic uplift rates, bedrock damage, and microclimate play co-equal and interacting roles in controlling landscape evolution in the SGM and perhaps other tectonically active mountain ranges.
INFERNO: a fire and emissions scheme for the UK Met Office's Unified Model
Authors: Mangeon Stéphane , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Gilham Richard , Harper Anna , Sitch Stephen , Folberth Gerd
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Warm and dry climatological conditions favour the occurrence of forest fires. These fires then become a significant emission source to the atmosphere. Despite this global importance, fires are a local phenomenon and are difficult to represent in large-scale Earth system models (ESMs). To address this, the INteractive Fire and Emission algoRithm for Natural envirOnments (INFERNO) was developed. INFERNO follows a reduced complexity approach and is intended for decadal- to centennial-scale climate simulations and assessment models for policy making. Fuel flammability is simulated using temperature, relative humidity (RH) and fuel load as well as precipitation and soil moisture. Combining flammability with ignitions and vegetation, the burnt area is diagnosed. Emissions of carbon and key species are estimated using the carbon scheme in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model. JULES also possesses fire index diagnostics, which we document and compare with our fire scheme. We found INFERNO captured global burnt area variability better than individual indices, and these performed best for their native regions. Two meteorology data sets and three ignition modes are used to validate the model. INFERNO is shown to effectively diagnose global fire occurrence (R = 0.66) and emissions (R = 0.59) through an approach appropriate to the complexity of an ESM, although regional biases remain.
Multi-objective optimization of typhoon inundation forecast models with
cross-site structures for a water-level gauging network by integrating ARMAX
with a genetic algorithm
Authors: Ouyang Huei-Tau
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The forecasting of inundation levels during typhoons requires that multiple objectives be taken into account, including the forecasting capacity with regard to variations in water level throughout the entire weather event, the accuracy that can be attained in forecasting peak water levels, and the time at which peak water levels are likely to occur. This paper proposed a means of forecasting inundation levels in real time using monitoring data from a water-level gauging network. ARMAX was used to construct water-level forecast models for each gauging station using input variables including cumulative rainfall and water-level data from other gauging stations in the network. Analysis of the correlation between cumulative rainfall and water-level data makes it possible to obtain the appropriate accumulation duration of rainfall and the time lags associated with each gauging station. Analyses on cross-site water levels as well as on cumulative rainfall enable the identification of associate sites pertaining to each gauging station that share high correlations with regard to water level and low mutual information with regard to cumulative rainfall. Water-level data from the identified associate sites are used as a second input variable for the water-level forecast model of the target site. Three indices were considered in the selection of an optimal model: the coefficient of efficiency (CE), error in the stage of peak water level (ESP), and relative time shift (RTS). A multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to derive an optimal Pareto set of models capable of performing well in the three objectives. A case study was conducted on the Xinnan area of Yilan County, Taiwan, in which optimal water-level forecast models were established for each of the four water-level gauging stations in the area. Test results demonstrate that the model best able to satisfy ESP exhibited significant time shift, whereas the models best able to satisfy CE and RTS provide accurate forecasts of inundations when variations in water level are less extreme.
Orientalism and the geoculture of the World System: Discursive othering, political economy and the cameralist division of labor in Habsburg Central Europe (1713-1815)
Authors: Kaps Klemens
Published: August 2016

This article addresses the question of to what degree the concept of geoculture can be brought in line with research on Orientalist stereotypes and imaginary. Following Said’s original definition of orientalism discourses of the 18th-century political economy are reassessed by focusing on their perception of spatial hierarchies in Eastern Europe. This article reconsiders these discourses as an active factor in the struggle for power and a tool in the hands of the geopolitical interests of absolutist monarchs in Prussia, the Habsburg Monarchy, and Russia in the age of mercantilism, as demonstrated by the Partitions of Poland-Lithuania. By focusing on the Habsburg Monarchy between the Spanish War of Succession and the Congress of Vienna, it is demonstrated here that, territorial landlocked empires within Europe used a similar language as colonial maritime empires in order to justify their geopolitical expansion and territorial domination of Eastern Europe. In a second step, it is shown that this discourse was part of the geopolitical culture of the World System and was instrumental in setting ideological conditions for cameralist-driven institutional transformations in favor of the core regions within the Habsburg dominions in Central Europe.
The Rising Powers and Globalization: Structural Change to the Global System Between 1965 and 2005
Authors: Jacobs Lindsay Marie , Van Rossem Ronan
Published: August 2016

This article sets out to critically assess the increasingly prevalent claims of rapidly changing global power relations under influence of the ‘rising powers’ and ‘globalization’. Our main contention is that current analyses of countries’ degree of global power (especially for the BRICS) has been dominated by the control over resources approach that, though gauging power potential, insufficiently takes into account how this potential is converted into actual global might. By drawing on a unique and extensive dataset comprising of a wide array of political, economic and military networks for a vast number of countries between 1965 and 2005, we aim to 1) reassess alleged changes in the structure of the world-system since 1965 and 2) to analyze whether these changes can be attributed to ‘globalization’. Significant attention is paid to the trajectories of the BRICS and to the possibly divergent structural evolutions of the political and economic dimensions that constitute the system. Our results show that despite a certain degree of power convergence between countries at the sub-top of the system, overall, divergence continues to take place between the most and least powerful, and stratification is reproduced. Globalization is further shown to exacerbate this trend, though its effect differs on the political and economic dimensions of the system. Overall, though the traditional ‘core powers’ might have to share their power with newcomer China in the future, this hardly heralds a new age in which the global system of power relations are converging to the extent that stratification is being undermined.
“Coloniality of power” in East Central Europe: external penetration as internal force in post-socialist Hungarian politics
Authors: Gagyi Agnes
Published: August 2016

Joining a series of analyses of effects of othering, orientalism, or coloniality in East Central Europe, the paper asks how long-term structural-ideological effects of global hierarchies, as reflected in post-colonial contexts by the term “coloniality of power,” can be conceptualized for East Central Europe. In a case study of political polarization in post-socialist Hungary,it examines the effects of global integration,  claiming that two dominant economic-political blocks formed along a division of vertical alliances related to integration with either Western or national capital. From those positions, they developed divergent political ideologies of development: modernization through Western integration, versus the protection of “national” wealth from Western capital and its local allies. While both propagated capitalist integration, they each needed to develop ideologies that appealed to electorates suffering the costs of integration. One framing of developmentalist emancipation promised Western modernity through rejection of popular, backward characteristics of the country, including nationalism. The other promised advancement in the global hierarchy through overcoming internal and external enemies of national development. These two, mutually reinforcing ideological positions, which I call“democratic antipopulism” and “antidemocratic populism,” denied the contradiction between elites’ and workers’ interest and perpetuated existing global hierarchies. Within the wider debate over cross-contextual applications of the notion of “coloniality of power,” and of emancipative efforts born from the “colonial wound,” the paper emphasizes the significance of the structural conditions, positions and alliances within which experiences of global domination are born and mobilized.
Banking is for Others: Contradictions of Microfinance in the Ghanaian Market
Authors: Pang Irene
Published: August 2016

Recent literature on microfinance has observed that commercial microfinance programs that achieve financial sustainability largely fail to reach the poor (Hulme 2000; Mayoux 2000; Cull, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Morduch 2007). Most studies rely on institutional explanations for this failure (Battilana and Dorado 2010; Pache and Santos 2010; Canales 2011). Using a Braudelian conceptualization of a fragmented, three-tiered capitalist world-economy, this study examines how Ghanaian market women finance their businesses within the bottom layer of the capitalist world-economy, and why, despite the availability of commercial microfinance, they continue to rely on informal finance. I argue that commercial microfinance is structurally constrained by contradictions between the profit-driven logic of the upper layers of the capitalist world-economy and the socially-embedded and subsistence-driven logic that organizes the market in which market women operate. I also show that, to the extent that commercial microfinance partially penetrates the market, it disrupts the circulation of financial resources and weakens existing social and economic networks within the community.
Piracy in a Contested Periphery: Incorporation and the Emergence of the Modern World-System in the Colonial Atlantic Frontier
Authors: Kardulias P. Nick , Butcher Emily
Published: August 2016

This article uses world-systems analysis to examine the role that pirates and privateers played in the competition between European core states in the Atlantic and Caribbean frontier during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Piracy was an integral part of core-periphery interaction, as a force that nations could use against one another in the form of privateers, and as a reaction against increasing constraints on freedom of action by those same states, thus forming a semiperiphery. Although modern portrayals of pirates and privateers paint a distinct line between the two groups, historical records indicate that their actual status was rather fluid, with particular people moving back and forth between the two. As a result, the individuals were on a margin between legality and treason, often crossing from one to the other. In this study we discuss how pirates and privateers fit into the margins of society in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, also known as the Golden Age of Piracy, specifically using the example of Edward Teach, aka Blackbeard. The present analysis can contribute to our understanding not only of piracy, but also of the structure of peripheries and semiperipheries that in some ways reflect resistance to incorporation.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Smith Jackie , Bair Jennifer , Byrd Scott , Schroering Caitlin
Published: August 2016

Introduction to Summer 2016 issue by JWSR editorial team
Eros After Nature
Authors: Rogers Chandler D.
Published: August 2016

On ground shared by environmental hermeneutics, critical social theory, and environmentally minded feminism, this article attempts to conciliate between the nearly antithetical ethical viewpoints of environmental philosophers David Abram and Steven Vogel. It will demonstrate first that Abram's linguistic arguments for extending ethical considerability to nonhuman nature succumb to two of Vogel's debilitating critiques, which it labels the social constructivist critique and the discourse ethics critique, and secondly that Abram fails to guard against the problem of human-human oppression. The article also points out, on the other hand, that while Vogel evades the problem of human-human oppression, his view fails to protect against the problem of dangerous anthropocentrism. Operating within the boundaries that Vogel establishes, it will seek to avoid the pitfalls of Abram's view, to address the underlying ideology that leads to both types of oppression, and to eliminate the problem of dangerous anthropocentrism. To do so it draws upon the arguments of Trish Glazebrook, contending that Abram's appeals to the “speech” of nature can be more effectively conceptualized as erotic appeals, and that engaging in this call-and-response eros promotes the development of virtues that undermine our current ideology and extend to both the human and the nonhuman.
Dialogue in the Face of a Gun? Interfaith Dialogue and Limiting Mass Atrocities
Authors: Admirand Peter
Published: August 2016

Interfaith dialogue can play an indispensable role in limiting, if not preventing, many mass atrocities which are fuelled by pernicious portraits of the Other. Genuine interfaith dialogue seeks to remove such barriers, identifying potential areas of understanding and commonality without undermining true distinctiveness and difference. The article consists of five main sections, which will analyse the importance of the following in the context of mass atrocity and interfaith dialogue: human nature, the hopes and limitations of dialogue, humility within such dialogues, the modes and levels of interfaith dialogue, and the highlighted example of Jewish-Christian dialogue.
Causation and Consequences in Monetary Policy: Are Federal Reserve Policies Based on an Inadequate Theory of Causal Responsibility?
Authors: Feldmann John
Published: August 2016

This article enters the debate among central bankers, finance ministers and monetary theorists regarding the circumstances under which the dominant central bank is properly considered causally responsible for the adverse consequences of its monetary policy actions. Analyzing both the criticisms of the Federal Reserve for its QE (Quantitative Easing) and ZIRP (Zero Interest Rate Policy) policies and the Fed responses, this inquiry uses the categories of philosophers Hart, Honore, Feinberg, Davidson and others to demonstrate the different theories of causation at work and address the question of which idea of causal responsibility is most appropriate in monetary policy contexts.
Educação gerontológica na contemporaneidade: a gerontagogia, as universidades de terceira idade e os nativos digitais
Authors: Gil Henrique
Published: August 2016

O artigo pretende apresentar uma contextualização relativa à dinâmica do processo de envelhecimento com uma reflexão acerca das suas diferentes valências. Tendo em consideração o aumento da esperança de vida, torna-se importante promover uma aprendizagem ao longo da vida ‘para’ e ‘com’ os cidadãos mais idosos. Neste âmbito, é realizada uma abordagem multidisciplinar onde se destaca a importância da gerontologia e da gerontagogia, num contexto de formação que se pretende ser mais ajustada às necessidades dos cidadãos mais idosos. Neste particular, de formação ao longo da vida, é dado um particular realce às Universidades da Terceira Idade a funcionar em Portugal, relativamente ao seu contributo educativo e, ao mesmo tempo, o seu contributo social. Atendendo ao facto de cada vez mais a presente sociedade do século XXI assentar em serviços e plataformas digitais, o artigo visa ainda promover uma reflexão crítica relativamente aos designados ‘nativos digitais’ e aos ‘imigrantes digitais’, no que respeita às respetivas competências digitais que lhes permitem exercer os seus direitos e os seus deveres como cidadãos. Neste novo contexto digital, torna-se importante incluir os cidadãos mais idosos no sentido de os capacitar para estes novos desafios proporcionando-lhes condições para que possam usufruir de um melhor e mais adequado envelhecimento.
Metabolitos de frutas vermelhas para um envelhecimento saudável do cérebro
Authors: Santos Cláudia Nunes dos , Costa Inês Sousa , Ferreira Ricardo Boavida , Figueira Inês , Macedo Diana , Menezes Regina , Pinto Paula , Tavares Lucélia
Published: August 2016

O envelhecimento é considerado um processo natural de ir ficando mais velho e um reconhecido factor de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crónicas incluindo as doenças neurodegenerativas. A nutrição têm vindo a ser indicada como um factor importante e modificável com impacto na sáude e bem estar dos idosos. Entre os compostos bioativos da dieta destacam-se os polifenóis, que estão presents em grandes quantidades nos pequenos frutos. A procura de um envelhecimento saudável levou a uma investigação extensiva das propriedades benéficas para a saúde dos polifenóis de pequenos frutos por estudos in vitro, baseados em modelos celulares, modelos animais assim como estudos em humanos. Esta revisão discute o estado-da-arte do conhecimento sobre o impacto dos polifenóis de frutas vermelhas na saúde humana, as lacunas e a estratégia do laboratório de investigação Nutrição Molecular e Saúde para suportar a exploração dos polifenóis de pequenos frutos como moduladores de um envelhecimento saudável.
Direção do tratamento na clínica com idosos
Authors: Mucida Ângela
Published: August 2016

Promovendo uma análise crítica da contraindicação freudiana à psicanálise com idosos, este artigo analisa, com base no conceito de sintoma, a direção do tratamento com idosos. Considerando que com Freud e Lacan o sintoma constitui-se de marcas e experiências precocemente fixadas e de uma resposta do sujeito ao real, não existindo, portanto, o que se denomina de sintomas de velhos, em que sentido a clínica com idosos difere-se de outras clínicas e como o real da velhice incide sobre a relação do sujeito com o sintoma que apresenta?
Exploring the business of urology: Leadership
Authors: Beiko Darren , Barling Julian , Houle Anne-Marie , Davies Timothy O. , Oake J. Stuart
Published: August 2016

What characteristics constitute an exemplary leader? Let’s take a moment and reflect on dynamic leaders we have observed during our careers. What is it about them that cause us to consider them exceptional? It may have been one or more significant acts they performed, or perhaps it was an impactful discussion that left an impression on us. Fig. 1 highlights 10 characteristics of strong leaders with positive influence.1 According to a recent leadership study that surveyed Canadian urology program directors and division/ department heads, high personal integrity, as well as excellence in patient care and teaching were identified as the most important attributes for successful leadership.2 Urologists often find themselves in leadership positions, as do many physicians. In addition to being a leader in the clinical setting, many urologists achieve leadership roles in administration, education, and research. Some examples of such roles are shown in Table 1. The main objectives of this article are to gain some background information on leadership competencies and styles, and to learn about opportunities for development of leadership skills.
The Impact of Video-based Materials on Chinese-Speaking Learners’ English Text Comprehension
Authors: Lin Lu-Fang
Published: August 2016

This study investigated whether video-based materials can facilitate second language learners’ text comprehension at the levels of macrostructure and microstructure. Three classes inclusive of 98 Chinese-speaking university students joined this study. The three classes were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: on-screen text (T Group), concurrent narration with on-screen text (NT Group), and video with concurrent narration and on-screen text (VNT Group). The data were collected through the macrostructure and microstructure reading comprehension pre- and post-tests and the immediate test. The statistic results of the immediate test and the post-tests showed that the VNT group performed significantly better on the macrostructure comprehension than the T and NT groups. Armed with the perspectives of multiliteracies and the significant results, the study makes instructional recommendations to integrate video in second-language reading comprehension instruction.
Detentie van asielzoekers, de spoedige terugkeer van illegale vreemdelingen, en de openbare orde: het arrest J.N.
Authors: Cornelisse G.
Published: August 2016

Detentie van asielzoekers, de spoedige terugkeer van illegale vreemdelingen, en de openbare orde: het arrest J.N.

In dit artikel wordt het arrest J.N. van het Hof van Justitie besproken. In het artikel wordt beargumenteerd dat het arrest spanningen blootlegt tussen het EHRM en het Unierecht als het gaat om de voorwaarden voor een rechtmatige bewaring van asielzoekers. Verder gaat het artikel in op de manier waarop het Hof van Justitie het Unierecht op het gebied van illegale migratie afbakent ten opzichte van het acquis op het gebied van het asielrecht. Ook wordt aandacht besteed aan de wijze waarop het Hof van Justitie het Unierechtelijke openbare-ordebegrip gebruikt om de uitoefening van nationale bevoegdheden op het gebied van het immigratierecht juridisch te toetsen en aldus controleerbaar te maken

HvJ 15 februari 2016, zaak C-601/15 PPU, J.N./Staatssecretaris van Justitie, ECLI:EU:C:2016:84
Is de bestaansmiddeleneis de achilleshiel van het recht op vrij verkeer van personen?
Authors: Oosterom-Staples H.
Published: August 2016

Is de bestaansmiddeleneis de achilleshiel van het recht op vrij verkeer van personen?

Op 25 februari 2016 deed het Hof van Justitie uitspraak in de zaak García-Nieto. Net als in de arresten Dano en Alimanovic stelt het Hof van Justitie in deze zaak vast dat een beroep op het socialezekerheidsstelsel van de gastlidstaat, gedaan door een EU-burger wiens verblijfsrecht veronderstelt dat er over voldoende bestaansmiddelen wordt beschikt, gevolgen heeft voor dat verblijfsrecht. Betrof het in de eerdere arresten het verblijfsrecht van inactieve en werkzoekende EU-burgers, in García-Nieto stond het verblijfsrecht in artikel 6 van Richtlijn 2004/38/EG centraal. Net als inactieven en werkzoekenden mogen lidstaten EU-burgers die nog geen drie maanden op hun grondgebied verblijven, uitsluiten van het genot van uitkeringen op grond van hun socialezekerheidsstelsel, zonder rekening te houden met de persoonlijke omstandigheden van de betrokkene, omdat de richtlijn zelf een ‘gradueel stelsel van behoud van de status (…) in het leven roept’ en aldus zelf rekening houdt met verschillende factoren die de positie van de aanvrager kenmerken. Wat betekent dit voor de belangenafweging die altijd centraal heeft gestaan in het recht op vrij verkeer van personen?

HvJ 25 februari 2016, zaak C-299/14, Vestische Arbeit Jobcenter Kreis Recklinghausen/Jovanna García-Nieto e.a., ECLI:EU:C:2016:114
Het Commissiepakket ‘betere regelgeving voor betere resultaten’ en het nieuwe Interinstitutioneel Akkoord beter wetgeven: Too little, too late?
Authors: Senden L.A.J.
Published: August 2016

Het Commissiepakket ‘betere regelgeving voor betere resultaten’ en het nieuwe Interinstitutioneel Akkoord beter wetgeven, too little, too late?

De EU krijgt nog steeds veelal gestalte via de uitoefening van de wetgevende bevoegdheden die ze in de loop der tijd heeft gekregen. De toenemende kritische houding van de burger tegenover de Unie – niet alleen in het Verenigd Koninkrijk, maar ook elders – heeft druk gezet op zowel de lidstaten als de Europese instellingen om de manier waarop die bevoegdheden worden uitgeoefend opnieuw te doordenken. Als zodanig kan de hernieuwde focus op ‘betere regelgeving’ goed worden begrepen. Het nieuwe Uniebeleid roept echter wel de vraag op, betere regelgeving voor wie? Die vraag heeft na het Britse ‘nee’ tegen het Unielidmaatschap nog meer lading gekregen.

BR-Mededeling (COM (2015)215 final), BR-richtsnoeren (SWD (2015)111 final), REFIT (SWD (2015)110 final), Interinstitutioneel Akkoord, PbEU2016, L 123.
Vivência em Consultório na Rua do Rio de Janeiro: a situação de rua sob uma nova perspectiva
Authors: Camargo Bruno Paladini
Published: August 2016

Objetivos: O presente relato tem como finalidade esclarecer como o Consultório na Rua utiliza-se da Redução de Danos para melhorar o cuidado à população em situação de rua, além de conscientizar profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde para as particularidades da população em questão. Métodos: Para tal, foi realizado estágio durante uma semana em um Consultório na Rua da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a Redução de Danos é a principal estratégia para o cuidado adequado dos indivíduos em situação de rua, e que estes necessitam de uma abordagem biopsicossocial devido à sua complexidade e particularidades.
Estimating Earth's Circumference with an App
Authors: Cooper Linda , Dennis Emily
Published: August 2016

Students use proportional reasoning and popular GPS technology in the form of apps, readily available on smartphones, to estimate the polar circumference of Earth. Connections are made with middle school social studies as students investigate, differentiate, and use the properties of longitude and latitude.
From the Comfort of Home
Authors: Wilburne Jane M.
Published: August 2016

This department publishes brief news articles, announcements, and guest editorials on current mathematics education issues that stimulate the interest of TCM readers and cause them to think about an issue or consider a specific viewpoint about some aspect of mathematics education.
How Much Do the Tiles Cost?
Authors: Fuentes Sarah Quebec
Published: August 2016

Each month, this section of the Problem Solvers department showcases students' in-depth thinking and discusses the classroom results of using problems presented in previous issues of Teaching Children Mathematics. In this month's Problem Solvers Solutions, readers gain a window into students' algebraic reasoning in the early elementary school grades. First graders received a design made of square and triangular tiles as well as the total cost of the tiles needed to make the design. By determining the various cost combinations for the square and triangular tiles, students were able to articulate how a change in the cost of the triangular tile affected the cost of the square tile.
Doing Math Together to Build Community
Authors: Rawding Molly Rothermel , Call Susan
Published: August 2016

Two math coaches share their experiences of meeting and working with professional learning teams.
Lacrimal Gland Repair Using Progenitor Cells
Authors: Gromova Anastasia , Voronov Dmitry A. , Yoshida Miya , Thotakura Suharika , Meech Robyn , Dartt Darlene A. , Makarenkova Helen P.
Published: August 2016

In humans, the lacrimal gland (LG) is the primary contributor to the aqueous layer of the tear film. Production of tears in insufficient quantity or of inadequate quality may lead to aqueous-deficiency dry eye (ADDE). Currently there is no cure for ADDE. The development of strategies to reliably isolate LG stem/progenitor cells from the LG tissue brings great promise for the design of cell replacement therapies for patients with ADDE. We analyzed the therapeutic potential of epithelial progenitor cells (EPCPs) isolated from adult wild-type mouse LGs by transplanting them into the LGs of TSP-1−/− mice, which represent a novel mouse model for ADDE. TSP-1−/− mice are normal at birth but progressively develop a chronic form of ocular surface disease, characterized by deterioration, inflammation, and secretory dysfunction of the lacrimal gland. Our study shows that, among c-kit-positive epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM+) populations sorted from mouse LGs, the c-kit+dim/EpCAM+/Sca1−/CD34−/CD45− cells have the hallmarks of an epithelial cell progenitor population. Isolated EPCPs express pluripotency factors and markers of the epithelial cell lineage Runx1 and EpCAM, and they form acini and ducts when grown in reaggregated three-dimensional cultures. Moreover, when transplanted into injured or “diseased” LGs, they engraft into acinar and ductal compartments. EPCP-injected TSP-1−/− LGs showed reduction of cell infiltration, differentiation of the donor EPCPs within secretory acini, and substantial improvement in LG structural integrity and function. This study provides the first evidence for the effective use of adult EPCP cell transplantation to rescue LG dysfunction in a model system.
Joint Survival Analysis of Time to Drug Change and a Terminal Event with Application to Drug Failure Analysis using Transplant Registry Data
Authors: Renouf Elizabeth , Dean C.B. , R. Bellhouse David , C. McAlister Vivian
Published: August 2016

Statistical approaches for drug effectiveness studies after liver transplant have used a survival model with changes in treatment as a time-dependent covariate. However, the approach requires that changes in the time-dependent covariate be unrelated to survival outcome. Usually this is not the case, as one drug may be discontinued and an alternative chosen due to the declining health status of the patient. Other approaches examine only subjects who remain on the same drug over a time window, which discards valuable data and may lead to biased effects since this excludes data related to early deaths and to individuals who perform poorly on the drug and had to switch treatments. Because of these issues there are conflicting results seen in the evaluation of immunosuppressive drug effectiveness after liver transplant. We propose a joint survival outcome model with a time-to-drug-change event and a terminal event in graft failure that is useful in drug effectiveness studies where subjects are discontinued from an immunosuppressant (in favour of alternative treatment) due to health reasons. We also include a longitudinal biomarker component. The model takes account of the dependencies across out- comes through shared random effects. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, we fit the joint model to data from liver transplant recipients from the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients.
Global Financial Crisis of 2008, Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Changes, and Stability of the Demand for Money in Japan
Authors: Bahmani-Oskooee Mohsen , Baek Jungho
Published: August 2016

We wonder if Global Financial Crisis of 2008 affected stability of the demand for money in Japan. In testing this hypothesis we deviate from previous studies which either excluded the exchange rate from money demand function in Japan or have not been able to find any significant relation between the exchange rate and the demand for money. While we address stability of the demand for money, we show that failure to find a cointegrating relation or significant effects could be due to assuming a linear model in which exchange rate changes have symmetric effects. Once we consider a nonlinear ARDL approach of Shin et al.'s (2014), we show that not only variables in the money demand are cointegrated but exchange rate changes have asymmetric effects. In the long run, while appreciation of yen has significantly positive effect on the demand for money in Japan, depreciation does not. We also find a stable money demand which was not affected by 2008 financial crisis.
Does an Antibiotic-Loaded Hydrogel Coating Reduce Early Post-Surgical Infection After Joint Arthroplasty?
Authors: Romanò Carlo Luca , Malizos Kostantinos , Capuano Nicola , Mezzoprete Riccardo , D'Arienzo Michele , Der Catherine Van , Scarponi Sara , Drago Lorenzo
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Background: Infection remains among the main reasons for joint prosthesis failure. Preclinical reports have suggested that antibacterial coatings of implants may prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. This study presents the results of the first clinical trial on an antibiotic-loaded fast-resorbable hydrogel coating (Defensive Antibacterial Coating, DAC®) in patients undergoing hip or knee prosthesis.Methods: In this multicenter, randomized prospective study, a total of 380 patients, scheduled to undergo primary (n=270) or revision (n=110) total hip (N=298) or knee (N=82) joint replacement with a cementless or a hybrid implant, were randomly assigned, in six European orthopedic centers, to receive an implant either with the antibiotic-loaded DAC coating (treatment group) or without coating (control group). Pre- and postoperative assessment of clinical scores, wound healing, laboratory tests, and x-ray exams were performed at fixed time intervals.Results: Overall, 373 patients were available at a mean follow-up of 14.5 ± 5.5 months (range 6 to 24). On average, wound healing, laboratory and radiographic findings showed no significant difference between the two groups. Eleven early surgical site infections were observed in the control group and only one in the treatment group (6% vs. 0.6%; p=0.003). No local or systemic side effects related to the DAC hydrogel coating were observed, and no detectable interference with implant osteointegration was noted.Conclusions: The use of a fast-resorbable, antibiotic-loaded hydrogel implant coating can reduce the rate of early surgical site infections, without any detectable adverse events or side effects after hip or knee joint replacement with a cementless or hybrid implant.
Analysis of drought conditions and their effects on Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy) levels
Authors: Valigi Daniela , Luque-Espinar Juan Antonio , Di Matteo Lucio , Cambi Costanza , Pardo-Igúzquiza Eulogio , Rossi Mauro
Published: August 2016

An analysis of drought conditions on the Lake Trasimeno area (Umbria, Central Italy) and of their influence on the lake levels is presented. Lake Trasimeno is one of the largest Italian lakes, and its economic and environmental importance is very high. The analysis of temperature data (1963-2014) shows that annual temperature is increasing – in accordance with what is known for Central Italy and the Mediterranean area – with a significant gradient of about 0.023°C/ year. No significant annual and seasonal rainfall trends were observed over the Lake Trasimeno catchment. The power spectrum analysis of rainfall and lake level fluctuations shows that both periodograms have high statistical confidence levels (>99%) for annual and semi-annual cycles. The annual cycles of the periodogram of lake level fluctuations show a higher statistical confidence level than semi-annual cycles. Some other cycles such as the El-Niño Southern oscillation, North Atlantic oscillation, and solar activity are highlighted, with significance levels lower than that of annual and semi-annual cycles. The standardized precipitation (SPI) and standardized reconnaissance drought indices, at different time scales, show that frequency and duration of extreme and severe droughts have increased in the last 25 years. A significant relationship between 12-month SPI and 12-month standardized lake levels fluctuations was obtained for the 1989-2014 period, indicating that SPI12 can be a useful indicator to represent drought severity for systems such as the Lake Trasimeno by considering lake level fluctuations rather than lake levels.
Å LESE MEDIETEKSTER PÅ IPADEN. Observasjoner av en medievant fireårings bruk av iPad i hjemmet
Authors: Jæger Henriette
Published: August 2016

Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i tre observasjoner av en gutt på fire år som bruker iPad på fritiden. Den søker å synliggjøre de strategiene dette barnet velger for å skaffe seg tilgang til ulike medietekster, hvordan han leser og tolker dem, og den undersøker eventuelle spor av kritisk refleksjon hos barnet over disse tekstene. Teoretisk sett hviler den på en forståelse av mediekompetanse som en parallell prosess til utvikling av lese- og skrivekyndighet (literacy), og medieopplevelsene omtales som viktige møter med tekst. Artikkelen undersøker hvordan å lese medietekster kan legge et grunnlag for å utvikle en utvidet tekstkompetanse eller mediekompetanse. Konklusjonen legger vekt på motivasjon og lekenhet som barns primære inngang til medietekstene og som et grunnlag for å utvikle mediekompetanse (media literacy). The article is based on three observations of a four-year-old boy who uses the iPad in his spare time. It demonstrates the strategies that this boy applies to gain access to various media texts, and how he reads and interprets them. It also seeks to examine traces of critical reflection that he may demonstrate in relation to these texts. Theoretically, it rests on an understanding of media literacy as a parallel process to the development of literacy, and it seeks to demonstrate how reading media texts can create an important starting point for the development of media literacy. The Kindergarten practitioner’s role and opportunities to develop children's media literacy within a kindergarten context is a focus towards the end of the article. In conclusion, I argue that motivation and playfulness are important approaches to media texts and create an important foundation for the development of media literacy
Litterasitetsfremmende samtaler i barnehagen
Authors: Slettner Sigrun , Gjems Liv
Published: August 2016

Abstract:The aim with this study is to examine how early literacy can be supported in different conversations between a preschool teacher and children. Theory and research on children’s early literacy underline that children improve their language skills when they engage in conversations with adults. A preschool teacher must manage to support children with different language and conversation experiences. The preschool teacher in this study was video-observed in language interactions with different children in many types of activities. He managed to adapt his support to the children in accordance with their language experiences.Sammendrag: Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke hvordan tidlig litterasitet kan støttes og fremmes i samtaler mellom en barnehagelærer og ulike barn. Teori og forskning om barns tidlige litterasitet vektlegger at barn lærer vokabular og pragmatiske samtaleferdigheter gjennom samtaler med voksne. Barnehagelærere må tilstrebe å støtte barn med ulike erfaringer til å bruke språk og delta i samtaler. Barnehagelæreren i denne studien ble videoobservert i språklige interaksjoner med ulike barn i mange typer aktiviteter. Han klarte å tilpasse sin språklige støtte til hvert av de ulike barna i samsvar med deres språklige erfaringer.