bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the dose volume of perfluorocarbon when starting partial liquid ventilation
Authors: Davies Mark W , Dunster Kimble R , Wilson Kathy , Colditz Paul B
Published: September 2010

Objective: Very preterm neonates are prone to brain injury if cerebral blood flow fluctuates. Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) may benefit any lung disease but giving 30 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon when starting PLV increases cortical cerebral blood flow velocity. We aimed to determine if varying the initial dose of perfluorocarbon alters the effect on cerebral blood flow velocity when starting PLV.

Methods: In this randomised, controlled trial with historical comparison 24 preterm lambs received one of three loading doses of intratracheal perfluorocarbon liquid over 20 min when starting PLV: 20, 30 or 40 mL/kg. Data on respiratory mechanics, haemodynamics and cerebral blood flow velocity, measured with laser Doppler, were collected continuously for 30 min from the start of dosing.

Results: Cortical cerebral blood flow velocity increased over time in all three groups (two‐way ANOVA,P= 0.007). There was no difference between groups (two‐way ANOVA,P= 0.26). There was no difference between groups in cortical cerebral blood flow velocity variability (P= 0.68), blood pressure (P= 0.96) or heart rate (P= 0.46). The was no statistically significant difference in PaCO2between groups measured at baseline and at 30 min after starting PLV (P= 0.51).

Conclusions: Cortical cerebral blood flow velocity and its variability are not affected by varying doses of tracheal perfluorocarbon (20, 30 or 40 mL/kg) at the start of PLV in preterm lambs.
Paediatric frequent attenders at emergency departments: A linked‐data population study
Authors: Gibson Nicholas P , Jelinek George A , Jiwa Moyez , Lynch Ann‐Maree
Published: September 2010

Aim:  To characterise the phenomena of paediatric frequent attenders (FAs) to emergency departments (EDs) in Perth.

Methods:  A linked data population study of all children (<15 years) attending Perth hospital EDs between 1 July 2000 and 31 December 2006. FAs attending five or more times annually were assessed for demographic characteristics, mode of arrival, urgency, clinical conditions and disposition by frequency of attendance.

Results:  Over 6.5 years, 229 883 children contributed to 378 068 annualised chains of events (mean 1.5). Most children (98.2%) attended EDs less than five times a year. The more frequently children attended, the more likely they were to be male, younger, self‐referred, have respiratory or infectious disorders, and to arrive by ambulance. Characteristics of those attending 0–4 (n= 371 171) and 5–9 (n= 6405) times per year were broadly similar, while those attending 10–19 times per year (n= 461) were more urgent, had a higher frequency of respiratory disease and higher admission rates (all P < 0.001). Those attending more than 20 times a year (n= 31) had serious chronic illness.

Conclusions:  Frequent attenders of 5–9 times a year may be no sicker or more in need of hospital services than those who attend less frequently. The preponderance of respiratory and infectious disorders across all FA groups suggests these could be the focus of further research. We advocate a holistic approach to take into account parental expectations, and a systems approach to change ED attendance behaviour.
Impact of introducing binasal continuous positive airway pressure for acute respiratory distress in newborns during retrieval: Experience from Western Australia
Authors: Resnick Steven , Sokol Jenni
Published: September 2010

Aim:  We aimed to review the impact of introducing binasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute respiratory distress in newborns ≥32 weeks gestation during retrieval in Western Australia.

Methods:  Retrospective review of newborns ≥32 weeks gestation with acute respiratory distress, transported by the Western Australian Neonatal Transport Service between February 2002 and December 2004.

Results:  Respiratory management of 369 newborns was examined. CPAP use increased significantly during the study period from 33% in 2002 to 59% in 2004. Overall, endotracheal tube (ETT) ventilation was required in 108 (29%), nasal CPAP in 166 (45%) and cot oxygen in 95 (26%) patients. Twenty‐two (13%) newborns in the CPAP group subsequently required ETT ventilation within 24 h: these babies had higher initial oxygen requirements than those successfully transported on CPAP alone. There was no significant morbidity or mortality in patients retrieved on CPAP.

Conclusion:  CPAP was increasingly utilised as an alternative to ETT ventilation for the management of most cases of less severe acute respiratory distress in near‐term neonates on retrieval. This review demonstrated that newborns requiring more than 45–50% oxygen at the time of retrieval were more likely to require intubation at a later time, and hence may benefit from intubation at the time of retrieval. A prospective randomised trial would assist in ascertaining the true benefit of CPAP during retrieval in the newborn period.
Optimizing ICD programming for shock reduction
Authors: Schwab Joerg O.
Published: September 2010

With the increasing numbers of patients with implantable cardioverter/defibrillators for primary prevention (PP), the topic of inappropriate therapy becomes more and more important. If a shock intervention, e.g. for rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation or fast VT (FVT), represents the first reminder of the implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD), the adherence to the therapy will decrease. Moreover, anxiety to receive the next inappropriate ICD Rx is able to initiate a bad quality of life or depression. Starting with the PainFREE Rx II Trial results, the programming of antitachycardia pacing was able to terminate even fast ventricular arrhythmia, i.e. ≥188 bpm, in three of four episodes. Thereafter, several studies evaluated whether a prolongation in ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) detection is able to reduce unnecessary ICD Rx owing to nonsustained VT. The PREPARE trial evaluated this concept in a cohort of PP patients. This nonrandomized study compared a historical control group to patients with a prolonged detection interval. The results underline the idea that an extension in detection time leads to a significant decrease in ICD Rx for supra‐ as well as VT. The RELEVANT study investigated in a randomized fashion the outcome of an increase in detection time in nonischemic patients under CRT including an ICD. The findings clearly demonstrated a reduction in ICD Rx as well as hospital admissions, significantly. Currently, the ADVANCE III trial investigates a 30/40 interval detection compared to 18/24 for FVT in prospective randomized fashion in patients for primary or secondary prevention including all ICD devices.
A High‐Q Microwave Dielectric Material Based on Mg3B2O6
Authors: Došler Urban , Kržmanc Marjeta Maček , Jančar Boštjan , Suvorov Danilo
Published: September 2010

The microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of Mg3B2O6 ceramics with the addition of 0–5 wt% Mg2B2O5 were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy of the Mg3B2O6 ceramics sintered at 1310°C revealed the presence of anisotropic, exaggeratedly grown grains with a crystallographic fault that extends along the direction of the anisotropy. The most pronounced, exaggerated grain growth was observed for Mg3B2O6 with 5 wt% of Mg2B2O5. The anisotropic grains were examined by electron backscatter diffraction. The analysis of the Kikuchi pattern showed that the crystallographic fault is a (011) twinning plane. The duration of annealing was found to have no significant effect on the dielectric permittivity, while the Q×f values increased two times with a prolongation of the annealing from 20 to 160 h. The highest Q×f value of 240 000 GHz was measured for Mg3B2O6 ceramics with 5 wt% of Mg2B2O5. These ceramics consisted of 10 times larger grains than the Mg3B2O6 ceramics without the added Mg2B2O5, which also showed high Q×f values of 200 000 GHz. The decrease of the amorphous phase during the annealing could be one of the reasons for this improvement of the Q×f values.
Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots Formation in Glasses Controlled by Erbium Ions
Authors: Shim Sang Min , Liu Chao , Kwon Yong Kon , Heo Jong
Published: September 2010

This paper reports the effect of Er2O3 concentration on nucleation and optical properties of PbS quantum dots (QDs) formed in a silicate glass under heat treatment at 490° or 500°C. As Er2O3 concentration increased from 0.1 to 0.4 mol%, average radii of PbS QDs decreased from ∼5 to ∼4 nm, and peak wavelengths of absorption and photoluminescence also decreased. Clusters of Er3+ ions connected by bridging oxygens may act as the nucleation centers for PbS QDs.
Silver Diffusion in Coated Fuel Particles
Authors: López‐Honorato Eddie , Yang DaXiang , Tan Jun , Meadows Philippa J. , Xiao Ping
Published: September 2010

An innovative method has been developed to trap silver (Ag) between two layers of silicon carbide (SiC) produced by chemical vapor deposition at 1300°C. The study has shown for the first time that silver diffuses through intact SiC in tristructural isotropic‐coated particles. We also refute some speculations reported in previous studies by showing that silver can diffuse in stoichiometric SiC and that it is the differences in SiC microstructure that play a fundamental role in the diffusion process rather than the formation of nanocracks due to a mechanical process. Our results stress the importance of the microstructure inherent to the SiC produced by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition on Ag diffusion.
The Effect of Fluorine Anions on the Luminescent Properties of Eu‐Doped Oxyfluoride Aluminosilicate Glasses
Authors: Lin Zhenyu , Zeng Huidan , Yang Yifan , Liang Xiaoluan , Chen Guorong , Sun Luyi
Published: September 2010

Eu‐doped oxyfluoride aluminosilicate glasses were prepared by melt‐quenching method. The glass samples were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques. In the glass samples, the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ ions occurred in the air condition. The PL spectra showed that the intensity of 4f65d→4f7 transition of Eu2+ ions increased and the corresponding peak wavelength decreased with increasing fluorine anion concentration. Meanwhile, the relative emission intensity ratio of Eu2+ to Eu3+ also depended on the content of fluorine anions. A possible reduction mechanism was discussed.
Polymorphisms in growth hormone gene and their associations with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: ISHIDA Takafumi , UMEBAYASHI Ai , TSURUTA Sinichi , AKASHI Ryo , HARADA Hiroshi
Published: September 2010

The objectives of this study were to detect effective genetic polymorphisms of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene associated with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle. Fifty‐eight sires and 47 breeding cows were used to detect the polymorphisms in exons by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Four homozygous and six heterozygous SSCP genotypes were identified in exon 5. Although each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been reported, these genotypes were caused by three SNPs at the nucleotide positions 2141, 2277 and 2291. Four haplotypes C‐C‐A, G‐C‐A, C‐C‐C and G‐T‐A were newly identified. It was suggested that other haplotypes not detected in this study may not exist, considering the allele frequencies reported in Bos taurus and Bos indicus, and the migrating process of native Japanese cattle. Thereafter, we examined associations between the detected polymorphic sites in exon 5 by PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism and calf weight using 53 breeding dams and 135 calves. The birth weights of calves with haplotype G‐C‐A are significantly lighter and calves' weights produced by cows with such haplotype are also lighter at 30 days old, using regression analysis. Although further research is necessary, these results may serve as a useful criterion to select breeding stocks, especially in maternal abilities.
Preliminary study on metabolic profile of pregnant and non‐pregnant ewes with high or low degree of behavioral lateralization
Authors: MORGANTE Massimo , GIANESELLA Matteo , VERSACE Elisabetta , CONTALBRIGO Laura , CASELLA Stefania , CANNIZZO Chiara , PICCIONE Giuseppe , STELLETTA Calogero
Published: September 2010

To evaluate the metabolic profile of pregnant and non‐pregnant ewes with high or low degree of behavioral lateralization, we used 57 clinically healthy Sardinian ewes. They were divided into three groups: Group A (nonpregnant ewes), Group B (pregnant ewes with one fetus) and Group C (pregnant ewes with twin fetuses). Using behavioral tests, in all groups lateralization was established and ewes were distinguished into ewes with high and low level of lateralization. Every 30 days for 4 months (at 35, 76, 103 and 145 days of gestation), blood samples were collected and total cholesterol, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, insulin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ‐glutamine transferase (γ‐GT), β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB), chloride (Cl), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) were assessed. The repeated measures multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed statistical differences of time, pregnancy and degree of lateralization on some studied parameters. These results confirm that pregnancy represents a very important metabolic moment and show the effect of the degree of behavioral lateralization on the assessment of metabolic parameters in non‐pregnant and pregnant ewes. Further studies are necessary to value the influence of these factors on other parameters such as hematological parameters and hormones.
THE APPEARANCE OF THE EQUINE METACARPOPHALANGEAL REGION ON HIGH‐FIELD VS. STANDING LOW‐FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: SMITH MEREDITH A. , DYSON SUE J. , MURRAY RACHEL C.
Published: September 2010

The appearance of the equine metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint on high‐field (1.5 T) vs. low‐field standing (0.27 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images was evaluated. Objectives were (1) to describe the MR appearance of anatomic structures of clinical interest on images of the equine MCP joint obtained from 20 equine cadaver limbs from horses without lameness using high‐field and low‐field systems, (2) to categorize the clarity of appearance of anatomic structures on low‐field MR images in comparison to high‐field images as a gold standard. We found that larger anatomic structures were visible with sharp margins on both high‐ and low‐field images, smaller structures were less distinct on low‐field images and therefore interpretation of smaller structures on low‐field images must be done with care.
NMR backbone dynamics studies of human PED/PEA‐15 outline protein functional sites
Authors: Farina Biancamaria , Pirone Luciano , Russo Luigi , Viparelli Francesca , Doti Nunzianna , Pedone Carlo , Pedone Emilia M. , Fattorusso Roberto
Published: September 2010

PED/PEA‐15 (phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes) is a ubiquitously expressed protein and a key regulator of cell growth and glucose metabolism. PED/PEA‐15 mediates both homotypic and heterotypic interactions and is constituted by an N‐terminal canonical death effector domain and a C‐terminal tail. In the present study, the backbone dynamics of PED/PEA‐15 via 15N R1 and R2 and steady‐state [1H]‐15N NOE measurements is reported. The dynamic parameters were analyzed using both Lipari–Szabo model‐free formalism and a reduced spectral density mapping approach. The results obtained define a polar and charged surface of the death effector domain characterized by internal motions in the micro‐ to millisecond timescale, which is crucial for the multiple heterotypic functional protein–protein interactions in which PED/PEA‐15 is involved. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular basis of the PED/PEA‐15 functional interactions and provides a more detailed surface for the design and development of PED/PEA‐15 binders.
Formation of Ti2AlN by Solid–Gas Combustion Synthesis with AlN‐ and TiN‐Diluted Samples in Nitrogen
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Liang , Kuo Chong‐Wei , Wu Fang‐Shian
Published: September 2010

Ti2AlN was prepared by a self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) in nitrogen at 0.45 and 0.79 MPa. TiN and AlN were adopted as diluents in the Ti–Al powder compacts and their contents varied from 8.3 to 25 mol%. Formation of Ti2AlN along with intermediates like TiN, Ti3Al, and TiAl was identified. For the AlN‐added samples, the degree of dilution at 11.7 mol% brought about the optimum formation up to 81.8% Ti2AlN in nitrogen of 0.79 MPa. When the sample was diluted with 20 mol% TiN, the SHS process yielded the highest percentage of Ti2AlN reaching 84.3% in nitrogen of 0.45 MPa.
Fatigue Behavior of Hi‐Nicalon Type‐S™/BN/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites in a Combustion Environment
Authors: Kim Ted T. , Mall Shankar , Zawada Larry P.
Published: September 2010

The fatigue behavior of Hi‐Nicalon Type‐S™/BN/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated in a combustion environment. Two versions of this CMC were tested. The first version was manufactured by a slurry casting process using woven fiber architecture and the matrix was densified by melt‐infiltration (MI) of silicon. The other was a cross‐ply laminate prepared by a traditional lamination process from unidirectional prepreg followed by the MI processing. Several tests were conducted at a frequency of 1 Hz and a stress ratio of 0.05 to develop the fatigue life diagrams for both material systems. The Prepreg MI CMC exhibited higher fatigue strength, especially for cycles‐to‐failure >10,000, in comparison with the slurry cast MI CMC. Micrographic analysis was conducted to document the oxidation and embrittlement, which was observed to be dependent upon the applied stress level and cycles‐to‐failure. Overall, the prepreg MI CMC was less prone to oxidation and had better fatigue properties, demonstrating the potential for long‐term use as a structural high‐temperature material for high‐temperature oxidative service environments, such as those found in gas turbine engines.
Adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A survey of diagnosis and treatment practices
Authors: Knutson Kathleen C. , O'Malley Maureen
Published: September 2010

Purpose: To review the literature to ascertain best practices in the diagnosis and treatment of adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the current beliefs and practices of nurse practitioners (NPs) regarding adult ADHD.

Data sources: Licensed NPs (n= 260) responded to a questionnaire that inquired about numbers of patients seen with ADHD and about current diagnostic and treatment methods. Diagnostic confidence and referral patterns were also surveyed. Best practices were identified through a review of current and classic nursing, medical, and psychological literature on ADHD.

Conclusions: The results of the survey showed that most NPs believe that adult ADHD exists, although the majority diagnose and treat this condition infrequently. Psychiatric NPs were an exception.

Implications for practice: NPs are diagnosing and treating adult ADHD at levels far below expected based on population prevalence data. While those NPs who suspected ADHD were using appropriate diagnostic and treatment methods, more education is warranted to increase confidence for a greater number of nonpsychiatric NPs to improve targeted diagnosis and treatment for this condition.
Identification of genes responding to nematode infection in red grouse
Authors: WEBSTER L. M. I. , MELLO L. V. , MOUGEOT F. , MARTINEZ‐PADILLA J. , PATERSON S. , PIERTNEY S. B.
Published: September 2010

The identification of genes involved in a host’s response to parasite infection provides both a means for understanding the pathways involved in immune defence and a target for examining host–parasite co‐evolution. Most studies rely on a candidate gene approach derived from model systems to identify gene targets of interest, and there have been a dearth of studies geared towards providing a holistic overview of immune response from natural populations. We carried out an experiment in a natural population of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) to manipulate levels ofTrichostrongylus tenuisparasite infection. The transcriptomic response of individuals was examined from standard cDNA and suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries produced from gut, liver and spleen, enriching for genes expressed in response toT. tenuisinfection. A total of 2209 and 3716 unique transcript sequences were identified from the cDNA and SSH libraries, respectively. Forty‐five of these had Gene Ontology annotation associated with immune response. Some of these genes have previously been reported from laboratory‐based studies of model species as important in immune response to gastrointestinal parasite infection; however, multiple novel genes were also identified. These may reveal novel pathways involved in the host response of grouse toT. tenuisand provide a resource that can be utilized as candidate genes in other species.
Temporal Dynamics and Resource Availability for Drosophilid Fruit Flies (Insecta, Diptera) in a Gallery Forest in the Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Valadão Henrique , Hay John Du Vall , Tidon Rosana
Published: September 2010

Seasonality can cause severe bottlenecks in natural populations, even leading to local extinction. Large variation in resource availability may explain the bottlenecks, but the role of these variations is still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to analyze if temporal variations in the guild of drosophilids breeding in fruits ofMauritia flexuosa(Arecaceae) can be explained by the shortage of this resource during the dry season. Fruits ofM. flexuosawere collected over one year in a gallery forest located in the Central Brazilian Savanna. The drosophilid assemblage varied over time, with a lower density of species and of individuals in the dry season, when the percentage of colonized fruits was also smaller. These findings suggest that although the fruits were available during the dry season, they were underused. This way, the resource availability does not seem to regulate the community in the dry season.
Browder-Krasnoselskii-Type Fixed Point Theorems in Banach Spaces
Authors: Agarwal RaviP , O'Regan Donal , Taoudi Mohamed-Aziz
Published: September 2010

We present some fixed point theorems for the sum "Equation missing" of a weakly-strongly continuous map and a nonexpansive map on a Banach space "Equation missing". Our results cover several earlier works by Edmunds, Reinermann, Singh, and others.
Hydrogen Peroxide Toxicity Induces Ras Signaling in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cultured Cells
Authors: Chetsawang Jirapa , Govitrapong Piyarat , Chetsawang Banthit
Published: September 2010

It has been reported that overproduction of reactive oxygen species occurs after brain injury and mediates neuronal cells degeneration. In the present study, we examined the role of Ras signaling on hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cells degeneration in dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced cell viability in SH-SY5Y cultured cells. An inhibitor of the enzyme that catalyzes the farnesylation of Ras proteins, FTI-277, and a competitive inhibitor of GTP-binding proteins, GDP-beta-S significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced reduction in cell viability in SH-SY5Y cultured cells. The results of this study might indicate that a Ras-dependent signaling pathway plays a role in hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in neuronal cells.
Quantitative Analysis of Semicrystalline Blends SAXS Data: Theoretical Modeling versus Linear Correlation Function
Authors: Fatnassi Mohamed , Ben Cheikh Larbi Fadhel , Halary Jean Louis
Published: September 2010

This paper compares the results yielded by two methods of small-angle X-ray scattering data analysis for semicrystalline polymer blends. The first method is based on the use of a theoretical modeling for isotropic samples and a subsequent curve fitting. The second one is a more familiar method, based on the calculation of the linear one-dimensional correlation function. The experimental material considered for this purpose deals with a series of semi-crystalline blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(methyl methacrylate), with a PVDF content covering the range 50 wt%–100 wt%. The results obtained by both calculation methods are systematically confronted to the crystallinity degrees deduced from wide angle X-ray scattering patterns.
Fidelity in Archaeal Information Processing
Authors: de Koning Bart , Blombach Fabian , Brouns Stan J. J. , van der Oost John
Published: September 2010

A key element during the flow of genetic information in living systems is fidelity. The accuracy of DNA replication influences the genome size as well as the rate of genome evolution. The large amount of energy invested in gene expression implies that fidelity plays a major role in fitness. On the other hand, an increase in fidelity generally coincides with a decrease in velocity. Hence, an important determinant of the evolution of life has been the establishment of a delicate balance between fidelity and variability. This paper reviews the current knowledge on quality control in archaeal information processing. While the majority of these processes are homologous in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes, examples are provided of nonorthologous factors and processes operating in the archaeal domain. In some instances, evidence for the existence of certain fidelity mechanisms has been provided, but the factors involved still remain to be identified.
Structure-Dependent 4-Tert-Butyl Pyridine-Induced Band Bending at TiO2Surfaces
Authors: Göthelid Mats , Yu Shun , Ahmadi Sareh , Sun Chenghua , Zuleta Marcelo
Published: September 2010

The role of 4-tert butyl pyridine (4TBP) adsorption on TiO2surface band bending has been studied using photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface oxygen vacancies pin the Fermi level near the conduction band edge on rutile (110). 4TBP preferentially adsorbs in those vacancies and shift the Fermi level to lower binding energy in the band gap. This is done by transferring vacancy excess charge into the emptyπ∗orbital in the pyridine ring. The anatase (100) surface contains much less oxygen vacancies although the surface is much rougher than the rutile (110). 4TBP adsorption does not have any significant effect on the surface band bending. Thus the positive role associated with 4TBP addition to solar cell electrolytes is suggested to protection against adsorption of other electrolyte components such as Li and I.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of CrNxCoatings Deposited by Medium-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering with and without Ion Source Assistance
Authors: Tian Can Xin , Yang Bing , He Jun , Wang Hong Jun , Fu De Jun
Published: September 2010

CrNxcoatings were deposited on Si (100) and WC-Co substrates by a home-made medium-frequency magnetron sputtering system with and without thermal filament ion source assistance. The structure and composition of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical and tribological properties were assessed by microhardness and pin-on-disc testing. The ion source-assisted system showed a deposition rate of 3.88 μm/h, much higher than the value 2.2 μm/h without ion source assistance. The CrNxcoatings prepared with ion source assistance exhibited an increase in microhardness (up to 16.3 GPa) and adecrease in friction coefficient (down to 0.48) at the optimized cathode source-to-substrate distance.
metaP‐Server: A Web‐Based Metabolomics Data Analysis Tool
Authors: Kastenmüller Gabi , Römisch-Margl Werner , Wägele Brigitte , Altmaier Elisabeth , Suhre Karsten
Published: September 2010

Metabolomics is an emerging field that is based on the quantitative measurement of as many small organic molecules occurring in a biological sample as possible. Due to recent technical advances, metabolomics can now be used widely as an analytical high‐throughput technology in drug testing and epidemiological metabolome and genome wide association studies. Analogous to chip‐based gene expression analyses, the enormous amount of data produced by modern kit‐based metabolomics experiments poses new challenges regarding their biological interpretation in the context of various sample phenotypes. We developed metaP‐server to facilitate data interpretation. metaP‐server provides automated and standardized data analysis for quantitative metabolomics data, covering the following steps from data acquisition to biological interpretation: (i) data quality checks, (ii) estimation of reproducibility and batch effects, (iii) hypothesis tests for multiple categorical phenotypes, (iv) correlation tests for metric phenotypes, (v) optionally including all possible pairs of metabolite concentration ratios, (vi) principal component analysis (PCA), and (vii) mapping of metabolites onto colored KEGG pathway maps. Graphical output is clickable and cross‐linked to sample and metabolite identifiers. Interactive coloring of PCA and bar plots by phenotype facilitates on‐line data exploration. For users of commercial metabolomics kits, cross‐references to the HMDB, LipidMaps, KEGG, PubChem, and CAS databases are provided. metaP‐server is freely accessible at http://metabolomics.helmholtz-muenchen.de/metap2/.
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Legislation in the Russian Federation: A General Overview in Light of the WTO SPS Agreement and EU Principles of Food Safety
Authors: Black Robert , Kireeva Irina
Published: September 2010

This article introduces the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and the European Union's policies and legislation that exemplify these rules. This forms the basis for examining primary Russian SPS legislation governing border controls and its relationship with legislative provisions on human, animal, and plant health and food safety. Specific Russsian primary federal laws (federal'nye zakony) covering veterinary medicine, plant health, food quality/safety, pesticides and agrochemicals, and technical regulations are compared with corresponding international conventions, norms, and standards and relevant legislation in the EU. Finally, general remarks are made about the Russian Federation's secondary legislation in the SPS area. Instances of non-compliance with international norms, found by the authors, may contribute to trade difficulties with other countries and likely will need to be addressed as part of Russia's negotiations to join the WTO and, also, to remove some of the difficulties in trade with the EU.
Interdictiones Domo et Ingenio : Timagenes and Propertius: A Reading in the Dynamics of Augustan Exclusion
Authors: Fear Trevor
Published: September 2010

In a dispute between the historian Timagenes and the emperor, Augustus, the latter excluded the former from his house, and the former responded by barring the emperor from his written work. This article maps the dynamic of this exchange onto Roman elegy. It suggests that the interdictiones domo et ingenio serve as useful condensed metaphors for looking at elegy from the point of view of the dramatic action in the discourse between its two principal characters, the domina and the poet-narrator. This parallel is illustrated through a reading of Propertius 2.11.
The Bazaar Fish Market in Fourth-Century Greek Comedy
Authors: Paulas John
Published: September 2010

Although scholars have noticed that fish sellers receive especially negative treatment in fourthcentury comedy, they have generally attributed this negativity to the price and supply of fish or a simple cultural bias against commercial activity. I argue that to make sense of fourth-century comic fragments about the fish market, we should look to attitudes and practices among participants in modern bazaar economies as analyzed by anthropologists. If we view the comic material in light of these economies, we may more clearly glimpse the source of the negative attitude towards fish sellers and the motivation behind comic treatments of the fish market.
Shenoute and a Recently Discovered Tomb Chapel at the White Monastery
Authors: Bolman Elizabeth S. , Davis Stephen J. , Pyke Gillian
Published: September 2010

In 2002, the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) discovered and investigated a triconch funerary chapel at the White Monastery. Since 2006, this structure has been the focus of further excavation, conservation, and analysis by an international team currently sponsored by the Yale Monastic Archaeology Project (YMAP), in collaboration with the SCA. The funerary chapel features a subterranean tomb and evidence for an extensive program of figural and nonfigural wall paintings. During the December 2009 campaign, conservation of the paintings in the tomb revealed new details that connect this space with Shenoute, the famous head of the monastery during the fourth and fifth centuries C.E. In this brief article, the authors report on these recent discoveries.
La Galerie de Dany Laferrière: Une poétique de l’espace créole
Authors: Boisseron Bénédicte
Published: September 2010

Il s’agit dans cette étude de reformuler la pensée de l’espace de Gaston Bachelard ( Poétique de l’espace ) en la repositionnant dans un contexte créole par l’intermédiaire de l’œuvre essentiellement autobiographique de l’écrivain d’origine haïtienne, Dany Laferrière ( L’odeur du café, Le charme des après-midi sans fin, Pays sans chapeau ). La réflexion s’appuie sur une comparaison entre la maison d’enfance présentée comme espace fermé chez Bachelard et la galerie créole, cette terrasse ouverte que l’on trouve dans la maison d’enfance de Laferrière et d’autres écrivains créoles. L’une des finalités de cet article est aussi d’utiliser la poétique de l’imaginaire panoramique créole que nous offre Laferrière pour repenser la poétique de l’espace de Marcel Proust qui a tendance à se lire, à tort, comme un espace vertical et fermé sur l’extérieur.
Voix de femmes et figures du mâl(e) en littérature francophone: Nicole Brossard et Maryse Condé
Authors: Fonkoué Ramon A.
Published: September 2010

Ramon Fonkoué fait une analyse des enjeux de l’écriture chez deux écrivaines francophones de renoms, Nicole Brossard et Maryse Condé. En exploitant trois textes de chacune ( La Lettre aérienne , Le Désert mauve et Elle serait la première phrase de mon prochain roman pour Brossard et Pays mêlé , Traversée de la mangrove et Célanire cou-coupé pour Condé), l’article met à jour un positionnement de l’écrivaine consciente d’évoluer dans un monde saturé des valeurs masculines. Ce positionnement se solde chez Nicole Brossard par une écriture autoréflexive qui abat les cloisons génériques pour porter le combat au cœur du sanctuaire du patriarcat: la fiction. Chez Maryse Condé, en revanche, la réticence à embrasser les “grandes causes” se traduit par un double mouvement où la dénonciation du sort fait à la femme en post-colonie s’accompagne d’une revendication d’une voie afro-antillaise du féminisme.
Reaching Beyond Traditional Boundaries: The Librarian and Musicians' Health
Authors: Pierce Deborah L.
Published: September 2010

Ever since Gary Graffman and Leon Fleisher, both renowned pianists, made public disclosures of their playing-related injuries in 1981, the many health issues that are faced by musicians in their profession have gradually come to light. The research and study by medical professionals, musicians, and educators that has followed continues to blossom, bringing with it an ever-growing body of literature and educational programs. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the National Association of Schools of Music included the first language in its handbook encouraging schools of music to address these issues. In response, additional research and projects have been undertaken that have led to some important changes in educational approaches in a variety of music programs. This article provides an overview of the field of musician wellness, examines its history and literature, and details the traditional and nontraditional roles that have been played by the author in various aspects of health promotion for musicians. Collection development, circulation and replacement patterns, and reference sources are discussed along with information about the course, Mind and Body Health for Musicians, and the 2004 Health Promotion in Schools of Music conference. A list of essential resources for collections and reference along with information on wellness courses taught in the United States are provided.
Where is the South?: Using Beta Convergence to Define a Fuzzy Region
Authors: James Ryan
Published: September 2010

El Sur de los EE.UU. es una región con una fuerte identidad regional. Esta identidad es frecuentemente examinada a través de términos culturales, pero también ha sido examinada en relación a los cambios económicos experimentados después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En ese transcurso de tiempo, el Sur ha experimentado un rápido ritmo de crecimiento en relación a la pobreza histórica de la región. Utilizando ese crecimiento como punto de partida, este manuscrito localiza ese crecimiento en la Teoría de la Convergencia como una nueva forma de definir el Sur. Pruebas de Moran I Global y Local son divertidas para Área Económica Bea de Ingreso Personal Per Cápita (PCPI) para1970 y 2004, y para identificar las aglomeraciones locales del PCPI asociadas a una región de convergencia a través del tiempo. Esas aglomeraciones se utilizan para definir un Sur económicamente "funcional".
Two Views of the Impact of Strong Wind Events on Forests of the Southern United States
Authors: Bettinger Pete , Merry Krista L. , Grebner Donald L.
Published: September 2010

Un estudio basado en el internet se administró para entender si había diferencias en la percepción entre los silvicultores registrados en Georgia y Mississippi en lo que respecta a los factores ambientales que conducen a daños al bosque durante episodios de viento fuerte. La percepción entre ambos grupos fue que la reciente actividad en el manejo, la densidad de los bosques, el y la actividad climática reciente son los factores más importantes para las plantaciones de pino y bosques naturales de pino. Estos factores, y las condiciones del suelo, se percibieron como importantes para tierras altas y tierras bajas en bosques de madera dura. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de ambos grupos, en particular con respecto a la proximidad de los bosques a aberturas o humedales, lo que puede ser el reflejo de las diferentes experiencias frente a las consecuencias de tormentas severas, o el reflejo de diferencias en la topografía, especies de árboles, o las condiciones del suelo entre los estados. Nuestro estudio indica que el nivel de importancia del lugar de los silvicultores registrados sobre factores que conducen a daños forestales puede diferir de los resultados de estudios de investigación centrados en lugares específicos.
Sobrepeso entre adolescentes de escolas particulares de Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
Authors: Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura , Almeida Lívia Silva de , Silva Poliana Carina Viana da , Vasconcelos Hérica Cristina Alves de , Lopes Marcos Venícius de Oliveira , Damasceno Marta Maria Coelho
Published: September 2010

O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar casos de excesso de peso em adolescentes de escolas particulares de Fortaleza - Brasil. Foram investigados 794 estudantes entre 12 e 17 anos de idade, de 12 escolas privadas, nos meses de março-junho e agosto-setembro de 2007. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi, respectivamente, de 20% e 4%. O sobrepeso foi maior, e duplicado os casos de obesidade, naqueles que mantinham o hábito de assistir tevê durante as refeições (p= 0, 000). Cerca de 28% dos jovens ativos apresentavam excesso de peso (p < 0, 001). No combate à adiposidade juvenil, cabe a enfermagem, principalmente, realizar as ações preventivas, pois atenuam diversas repercussões patológicas, relacionados com o acúmulo de peso corporal.
Sistema de informação para apoio à Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem
Authors: Malucelli Andreia , Otemaier Kelly Rafaela , Bonnet Marcel , Cubas Marcia Regina , Garcia Telma Ribeiro
Published: September 2010

A importância, pertinência e necessidade de implantação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem nos diferentes ambientes da prática profissional é fato inquestionável. Tendo isso como princípio, objetivou-se elaborar um sistema de informação para apoio à Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, baseado nas etapas do Processo de Enfermagem, nas Necessidades Humanas e utilizando a linguagem de diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados de enfermagem para documentação da prática profissional. Neste artigo, são descritas as etapas metodológicas e os resultados do desenvolvimento do referido sistema de informação - levantamento de requisitos, modelagem, mapeamento objeto-relacional, implementação e validação do sistema.
Expressão geográfica da epidemia de Aids em Campinas, São Paulo, de 1980 a 2005
Authors: Stephan Celso , Henn Carlos Alberto , Donalisio Maria Rita
Published: September 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos notificados de Aids em adultos e sua relação com as condições de vida no município de Campinas, SP. MÉTODOS: Dados sobre Aids em homens (n = 2.945) e mulheres (n = 1.230) acima de 13 anos de idade, moradores de Campinas e notificados no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação foram utilizados para mapear a distribuição espacial da doença e a relação de masculinidade. Foram construídos mapas para os períodos de 1980 a 1995, de 1996 a 2000 e de 2001 a 2005. As variáveis incluídas na análise foram: endereço, sexo e idade. Foi utilizado indicador composto ponderado para estudar as condições de vida e saúde no território. Os endereços de moradia dos pacientes foram geocodificados em base cartográfica, após correção e padronização na base de arruamento. Foi ajustado modelo aditivo generalizado para analisar a distribuição espacial da razão de casos homem/mulher no espaço, nos três períodos do estudo. RESULTADOS: A razão de casos homem/mulher foi maior nas regiões de melhores condições de vida (central) e no entorno do presídio (noroeste), onde se estabelecem provisoriamente famílias de detentos e ex-detentos, enquanto essa razão foi menor em bairros da periferia da cidade (sudoeste). CONCLUSÕES: As tendências de feminização e pauperização da epidemia da Aids se confirmam diante da diminuição da razão de casos homens/mulheres no período, particularmente nas populações vulneráveis e empobrecidas. Sistemas de informações geográficas e análise espacial de dados podem ser úteis às ações de vigilância e controle da epidemia de Aids.
Expansão da educação infantil e processos de exclusão
Authors: Rosemberg Fúlvia
Published: September 2010

O artigo analisa o processo de expansão da educação infantil (creches, pré-escolas e classes de alfabetização) que ocorreu durante o governo Geisel e seus desdobramentos atuais. Utiliza como fontes, dados coletados, sistematizados e divulgados pelo IBGE e SEEC/MEC, além de documentos nacionais e de organismos intergovernamentais (UNICEF - Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância - e UNESCO). Apoiando-se em correntes contemporâneas da Sociologia da Educação, de estudos de gênero e sobre relações raciais, o texto deslinda novos processos de exclusão criados pela política de "democratização"da educação infantil. Conclui refletindo sobre os sentidos de ações afirmativas e políticas para todos como estratégias de democratização da educação infantil.
Identidade étnica e processo escolar
Authors: Kreutz Lúcio
Published: September 2010

A identidade étnico-cultural é fonte de sentido e de construção do real, mesmo se aparece como marginalizada. Os processos culturais são conflitivos e, em cada etnia, há uma história de luta pela determinação de suas metas e valores. Entende-se o étnico como um processo que se constrói nas práticas sociais em perspectiva relacional. A consciência de que a sociedade está cruzada por oposições e tensionamentos de classe, étnicas, de gênero e outras, com interesses freqüentemente contrapostos, indica a necessidade de se desenvolverem pesquisas que mostrem como a escola atuou e atua na realidade diante do desafio da diversidade de culturas. Enguita (1995) sinaliza que a escola não é apenas um lugar a mais em que se repetem os prejuízos e as tensões étnicas. Nesse sentido, ela é o lugar-chave porque é essencial na produção e reprodução da cultura. Por isso a atenção para a herança múltipla, polifônica das tradições culturais, redescobrindo-as, é um passo para se entender que significações produziram na articulação de processos educacionais. Neste estudo, constatou-se que a escola teve muita dificuldade em articular-se com a diferenciação cultural, geralmente legitimou uma perspectiva étnica em detrimento das demais. O estudo aponta ainda para a interculturalidade como horizonte fértil para o processo educacional.
Meninas bem-comportadas, boas alunas; meninos inteligentes, indisciplinados
Authors: Silva Cármen A. Duarte da , Halperni Fernando Barros E Sílvia C , Silva Luciana A. Duarte da
Published: September 2010

Estudo longitudinal vem acompanhando todas as crianças nascidas em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, no ano de 1982. Suas trajetórias escolares mostraram-se fortemente determinadas pela variável gênero, mesmo quando eliminados por estatística outros fatores intervenientes. Um estudo com 84 professoras/es buscou identificar que processos estão presentes na escola e nas representações que ajudem a compreender essas diferenças no desempenho escolar das meninas e dos meninos. A análise do material aponta para a maneira feminina de exercer o magistério que atravessa a prática docente, para a profecia auto-realizadora referendada no critério de bom comportamento e para a estreita relação entre gênero e saber regulados pelos regimes de verdade.
Quando a lei é surda: um caso recente na história da relação entre psicologia e direito
Authors: Camargos Liliane , Belo Fábio
Published: September 2010

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do caso de José, um surdo-mudo que foi tomado como louco e, por ter sido acusado de tentativa de homicídio, foi condenado ao internamento em hospital psiquiátrico. O caso é um exemplo do que Michel Foucault chama de ubuesco e ilustra as relações entre a Psicologia e o Direito, em especial os fundamentos políticos da psicologia forense.
A feminização na psicose: empuxo-à-mulher e erotomania
Authors: Gama Vanessa Campbell da , Bastos Angélica
Published: September 2010

A tendência à feminização nas psicoses constitui uma questão para a direção do tratamento psicanalítico. Denominada por Jacques Lacan de empuxo-à-mulher, ela se distingue da posição do neurótico no lado mulher da divisão dos sexos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo conceituar o empuxo-à-mulher e delinear o destino que o delírio é capaz de lhe conferir. O procedimento consiste em circunscrever a problemática da sexuação entre os humanos com base na teoria freudiana e no ensino de Lacan sobre a inscrição do sujeito na partilha sexual. Os casos Aimée e Schreber serão abordados com o intuito de delimitar a pressão da estrutura no empuxo-à-mulher, a emergência do fenômeno e sua articulação com a erotomania.
Jacques Lacan e a clínica do consumo
Authors: Rosa Márcia
Published: September 2010

O texto destaca e percorre os principais momentos nos quais Jacques Lacan se deteve sobre a questão do consumo e, ao fazê-lo, desdobrou três pontos. Inicialmente, o consumo articula-se à ética e à constatação da impossibilidade de pensá-lo apenas com a noção de valor de uso; aquelas de valor de gozo e valor de desejo tornam-se necessárias. A seguir, a associação do consumo ao campo pulsional, especialmente ao objeto oral e às fantasias de devoração, evidencia o deslizamento do "consumismo" à "consumição", que leva o sujeito da posição de consumidor à de objeto consumido. Finalmente, o consumo é tratado nos últimos textos de Lacan através de uma pequena mutação no Discurso do Mestre que faz surgir o Discurso do Capitalista.