bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSD regulation: A major change for the post-trade arena
Authors: Dubrau François
Published: July 2024

The efficiency of capital movements in the post-trade arena is now at the centre of many changes in the custody market. The last major change was the European Commission’s first all-encompassing effort to harmonise the legal frameworks for central securities depositories (CSDs). Quite surprisingly, part of the market reacted very rapidly to this new initiative, while other players have remained hesitant. Yet, in a fast-changing financial world with a market already quite oligopolistic, the future of the custody market is far from clear, as many questions remain unanswered.
How good property data can transform a company and drive its competitive edge
Authors: Rosen Oren
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how data and their effective utilisation comprise one of the key ingredients in becoming more competitive in the corporate real estate (CRE) arena. In an ideal world, access to useful and meaningful information across a CRE organisation would be just a click away. All the required information would be accessed in real time, from anywhere and at any time. The reality is that many CRE professionals are operating in the dark without having access to the relevant information to support decision making. Although CRE companies are literally inundated with data, many have not been able to extract the maximum value, due to a combination of poor quality data; cumbersome tools used to extract, analyse and transform the data into useful information; and poor integration of data across the organisation. The need to integrate data from a myriad of systems and inputs increases the difficulty rate when implementing a new CRE system. An incremental implementation approach has proven highly successful, allowing CRE companies to ‘digest’ new functionality ‘one bite at a time’. CRE companies that recognise their corporate data comprise a strategic, mission-critical resource are able to extract greater value, and are positioned to take full advantage of data analytics, financial modelling and other leading edge technologies — enabling better and faster decision making. Employees now have a new role to play within the corporation that focuses on analysing and delivering tangible value instead of just collating data. Such CRE companies have a clear competitive advantage over their less data-driven rivals.
Why policy-based authorisation is critical for identity-first security
Authors: Helemski Gal
Published: July 2024

The enterprise perimeter is changing; it is now about data objects, application programming interfaces (APIs), microservices and applications. In this evolving, decentralised and highly segmented world, security and identity access management (IAM) leaders find themselves struggling with a security methodology to address their concerns — specifically to answer the very basic question: Who has access to what and when? Identity-first security is emerging as the most effective way to answer these concerns, by placing identity at the centre of the security design. This paper will cover the ‘why’ of identity-first security, what is important to know and consider, and then the ‘how’ it can be achieved. The paper argues for this methodology and presents detailed flow of why modernised policy-based authorisation is crucial for identity-first security. The paper is directed to security and IAM professionals and leaders who want to learn more about how security and identity are tightly coupled and the way to get there with policy-based authorisations.
Effect of need for cognition on the sequential processing of brand extension: Evidence from Korean women
Authors: Kang Jungsuk
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to investigate the effect of consumers’ need for cognition on their sequential processing of brand extension. An online experiment was thus conducted with a sample of Korean women aged 30–39 years. The results revealed that perceived product-feature fit between a parent brand and its extension product category enhanced perceived similarity between the parent brand and its brand extension among participants low and high in need for cognition. Next, for participants low in need for cognition, the perceived similarity increased brand extension attitude and brand extension buying intention. For participants high in need for cognition, the perceived similarity and an interaction of perceived product-feature fit and parent-brand image fit between the parent brand and its extension product category influenced the brand extension attitude. Lastly, the brand extension attitude enhanced the brand extension buying intention among participants low and high in need for cognition. The study is among the first to empirically examine (a) the perceived sequential relationships among a brand extension, its parent brand and its extension product category and (b) differential effects of the perceived sequential relationships among them on brand extension attitude and brand extension buying intention between consumers low and high in need for cognition.
Strategies that power the potential of A/P optimisation
Authors: Jorgensen Mike
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on how to align an organisation with best practices to optimise Accounts Payables (A/P) processes to improve working capital position. It references an Aberdeen Group report from September 2013, where business leaders outlined their top priorities: ●● Operational efficiency and cost containment ●● CFOs favour technology to better control cash flow and fraud ●● Companies are not able to process paper-based reviews and approvals in time to capture early pay discounts The paper addresses these top priorities and goes through how to create an effective payment strategy. The process includes supplier segmentation, defining the payment strategy, supplier enrolment and management and ongoing payment strategy management.
The metadata maturity model
Authors: Horodyski John
Published: July 2024

Metadata matter. Metadata creation is a strategic imperative for any organisation looking to manage and exploit its knowledge more effectively. The effective implementation of any content-related strategy — inclusive of data, digital assets or text — should address overall management by implementing metadata with technology, people and processes in mind. A well-planned metadata schema can provide foundational value, providing the conceptual architecture needed to make content more discoverable, accessible and ultimately more valuable. Metadata turn video, audio or graphic files into ‘smart content’ that is available to reuse, re-purpose or simply inspire. Applying the metadata maturity model to digital initiatives will provide an agnostic framework through which to understand current use and priorities for discovery, accessibility and preservation of content for the future. The five maturity levels are benchmarks that provide an opportunity to discuss metadata development and improvement. The metadata maturity model provides a common framework through which organisations can understand the use and management of their content’s metadata. Applying the model to content management initiatives allows for strategic understanding of current use and priorities for discovery, accessibility and preservation of content.
BR209: Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight : A guide to good practice, third edition 2022 — a review
Authors: Taggart Lucy
Published: July 2024

Following the UK implementation of European Standard EN 17037:2018 ‘Daylight in Buildings’ in May 2019, and the subsequent withdrawal of British Standard BS 8206–2:2008, the BRE’s 2011 publication ‘Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: A guide to good practice, second edition (BR209), which is widely regarded as the leading authority on all matters relating to daylight and sunlight at design and planning stage, suddenly became outdated. The industry has since been left in a state of uncertainty when tasked with evaluating the amenity provision of daylight and sunlight within new developments, torn between the tried-and-tested BR209 methodology from the now withdrawn BS 8206 and the newer but more complex British Standard methodology — until now. The eagerly anticipated revised addition of BR209 has now been published, but will it provide clarity on common issues relating to current daylight and sunlight analysis and evaluation methods that are prohibitive to achieving planning permission for higher-density development delivering much-needed housing, or will it only prove to compound these issues? This paper explores the new guidance and reviews the recommended methodology to understand what the changes will mean for developers and neighbours alike.
Flexible airport design
Authors: Butters Matthew
Published: July 2024

Airport environments must be adaptable to change. Their ability to do so is dependent on embedding flexibility at four key stages of development or refurbishment: master planning, building design, space planning and components. This paper investigates and offers solutions for optimising airport design. Master planning is where it all begins, providing the first opportunity to build in flexibility. Critical to an airport's ability to sustain operational efficiency, withstand predictable changes and mitigate the effects of the unforeseen, it warrants careful consideration and investment. The paper highlights Dublin Airport as an example of how it is done. When addressing the building's form, functionality, efficiency, sustainability and adaptability are critical to the design. The airport must meet the operator's objectives, and only by taking a holistic view can space be optimised and barriers to growth avoided. Process and space must come together seamlessly. The selection of components must give due consideration to standardisation, delivery, installation and cost. It must also explore, based on construction sequence and maintenance, their interdependence or independence, allowing for demounting and repair. In the design process itself, there is room for flexibility. This paper outlines those cases where detailed upfront design can make way for a more flexible, beneficial approach, which ultimately ensures the building is fit for purpose on the day it opens.
People, performance and place : How using perceptive and cognitive data can create inspiring and collaborative workspaces that enable growth and innovation
Authors: Gillen Nicola , Jeffery Hilary , Hermans Charlotte , Verhees Ramona , Louth Malcolm , Barrett David , Bott Robin
Published: July 2024

AECOM is a leading global infrastructure services provider. A major acquisition in 2015 led to the company rationalising its real estate, bringing about the opportunity to transform its workplaces and drive cultural and behaviour change across its offices in and around London. This paper sets out AECOM’s approach to the formation of its new Greater London Campus, the drivers underpinning the project, key features of the campus and measures used to identify changes in employee performance, collaboration and wellbeing. It primarily focuses on how return on investment (ROI) was achieved, with a spotlight on the campus headquarters in Aldgate Tower, East London, and the process used to capture the underlying metrics. A key objective was to go beyond spatial metrics and people’s perception of changes in performance to direct business impact. AECOM partnered with professional services firm AON’s talent assessment team to create a bespoke method of assessing performance, building off existing world-leading psychometric tests and including leading-edge wellbeing surveys. The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) results demonstrated a significant improvement, as evidenced by a three-fold value increase in cross-disciplinary working, a 10 per cent increase in creativity measures and a 26 per cent drop in attrition rates in the central London location. The paper concludes with key messages and learning points for future workplace transformation projects. It is important to note that this paper focuses on research in practice. The working hypothesis was to seek measurable connections between behaviour, space and business performance in a live working environment. Detailed descriptions of psychometric tests and opinion-based assessment are provided along with findings from a POE study.
Reporting alignment in the new regulatory environment
Authors: Joseph Bryan , Barfield Richard , Hansen Frank Lyhne
Published: July 2024

In many banks and insurers, risk management, capital management and finance often exist as functionally-separate entities, with distinct tools, languages and reporting lines. This status quo is a by-product of differing functional objectives and the divergent reporting and regulatory requirements that institutions face. Regulatory requirements and reporting, however, are converging around a model that emphasises economic reality and is closer than ever before to the internal metrics many companies use to manage themselves. This evolution has some way to run, but it should be welcomed. This paper outlines the drivers and agents of change to the way businesses report, discusses the benefits that institutions can obtain from the changes, the practical steps they can take for implementation and also highlights some of the likely challenges.
The transformation of CRE technology with the digital workplace
Authors: Sanquist Nancy
Published: July 2024

In summer 2014 (Vol. 3, No. 4) this Journal published a paper by the same author on the importance of the convergence of the technologies of big data/analytics, mobile and cloud computing, social media (the nexus of forces) and the internet of things to the changing work of the CRE profession where new roles and skill sets were emerging. Now, two years later, the industry is much deeper into the disruption of business models in the digital era with more new technologies and structures emerging that are blurring the virtual and the real, and blending art with science at the same time. Nowhere is this more evident than in the work of the world-renowned architect Frank Gehry, who has transformed the art of the architecture field into a new digital business model by applying concepts in computer science, borrowed from another industry, into a more efficient and effective way to bring new forms of architecture into the world. At the same time, these buildings are enlivening the streets and neighbourhoods of cities (think of the Guggenheim in Bilbao, for example) that many new buildings fail to do. There is the ability. Now the concepts of ‘build to last’ have to be changed into ‘build to change’, allowing structures, from external walls to internal configurations, the ability to adapt to future unknown requirements. It is time for CRE to borrow from the architecture field in the art of design thinking to create a new digital workplace (DW) to bring the latest technologies to organisations to transform the work of planning, designing, constructing, operating, managing and optimising these more agile built environments. These new technologies available for the DW include innovative platforms, smart machines, robots, 3D printers, sensors and even ‘digital twins’, as well as existing systems such as IWMS, CAFM, BIM, GIS and CAD. This paper proposes to cover what DW is and how CRE professionals can join their partners in the new workplace, HR and IT, who are already designing DWs for knowledge workers. With this cross-functional team, an extension of the DW can be created for facilities management and real estate experts both within their organisations and for their suppliers and vendors. The result will be a more engaged workforce, better designed spaces and more efficient and effective work in the built environment.
Turning information professionals into digital archivists for success in today’s world of digital asset management
Authors: Corrao Rob , Spiegel Phil
Published: July 2024

The subject of training is often undervalued, but it is the key to ‘physical to digital transformation’. The traditional library/archive is fast becoming a thing of the past, and the challenge is to redefine the librarian’s relevance and apply their information management experience to the new digital world. Today’s digital archivists must possess the special skill-set necessary to organise, preserve and protect assets, but they actually add value to those assets by creating a link between the assets and their use. Training for digital archivists must include managing documents and images (moving and still), audio digital archiving with intelligent metadata tagging, cataloguing, indexing, digital file formats and delivery. This paper describes how digital archivists can work smarter with smart workflow, the importance of metadata for digital assets, intelligent cataloguing and business taxonomy, and includes a case study of a project undertaken by LAC Group.
Changing dynamics of corporate real estate: The rise of coworking spaces
Authors: Arora Surabhi
Published: July 2024

The past three years have seen a dramatic increase in coworking spaces across Asia, including India. The concept of coworking was triggered in the West by the global financial crisis of 2007–08, while Asia has just begun to embrace the change. There is an excessive focus on creating more efficient and cost-effective solutions for start-ups, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and corporates. These flexible, technology-smart, state-of-the-art facilities attract millennial occupiers who like to work together in a vibrant environment. This paper explores the evolution of coworking space in India and discusses its impact on corporate real estate strategies in the present age of digital disruption, as the concept is likely to progress towards becoming a subset of the commercial real estate industry in the coming years. From the advent of the idea among start-ups and freelancers, these workspaces are attracting the attention of larger organisations as well. As operators and developers experiment with various business models for best efficiency and cost optimisation, the coworking era is likely to be an interesting period.
The Investigatory Powers Act 2016
Authors: Woods Lorna
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of the Introductory Powers Act 2016, outlining the types of investigatory powers available and the applicable oversight regime for each. It flags some key concerns relating to the various powers. While there are questions about the act’s acceptability from a human rights perspective, this paper concludes that the act is certainly an improvement on the predecessor regime.
How to specify the content of a cookie consent request
Authors: Krog Georg Philip
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an introduction to the information that forms part of a cookie consent request as well as describes the components that need to comprise a data processing operation, including cookies, which would ensure that the consent given is specific and well informed. The paper uses the Google Analytics (GA) script as an example. It presents a ‘full’ specification for the consent request to use the GA script. The paper ends with a few remarks on how to present the information in the consent request in a clear and comprehensible manner so as to enable the user to comprehend the functioning of the GA script.
An investigative study into the annual US$2.5 bn mishandled baggage problem
Authors: Jayaraman Sugandhi , O'Connell John F.
Published: July 2024

Mishandled baggage costs the air transport industry around US$2.5 bn annually. With passenger traffic growing by 4.7 per cent per year over the next two decades, baggage will become a big issue for the industry. A solution to guarantee the safe delivery of bags is proving difficult to find. This research provides an insight into the causal factors of baggage mishandling, identifies the root causes of mishandling and proposes some remedial measures for reducing the mishandling of baggage.
Preparing procurement professionals: Your organisation’s competitive advantage
Authors: Brown Marisa , Harper Mercy , Vitasek Kate , Keith Bonnie
Published: July 2024

Skilled procurement professionals are in high demand, especially after the supply chain disruptions organisations have faced over the past year. However, this paper finds that current-state procurement talent development is not adequate. Procurement faces a leaky talent pipeline, as young professionals see the discipline as a mere stepping stone to other more lucrative career paths. This sentiment is amplified by the structure and focus of most organisations’ talent development programmes for procurement, which offer only the most basic and traditional approaches and focus on yesterday’s skill sets rather than future-ready capabilities. This paper explores the root causes of the procurement talent problem and offers actionable solutions for building more relevant, productive, attractive development programmes.
Causes of the economic crisis: Can the flap of a butterfly wing in Brazil destroy the Coliseum … after 30 years?
Authors: Szegö Giorgio
Published: July 2024

The current US-made economic crisis was caused by unintended perverse consequences of remote well-meaning political decisions, such as the 1977 Community Reinvestment Act and the demagogic exploitation of government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) such as Fannie Mae etc that began in the 1990s. The fivefold interest rate increases in the USA between 2003 and 2008 that charged an additional US$70bn to the three million holders of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) triggered the crash.
The Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992: A useful tool or a blunt one?
Authors: Brenan James
Published: July 2024

This paper explains what the Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992 does and how it fits into the legal landscape of issues for developers and property owners to be mindful over. It draws from case law learning and from the practical experience of the writer in dealing with site access, crane oversailing licences and Part 8 claims. Its aim is to give prospective parties to access licences and those advising them a full insight into the issues that arise, a warning as to the costs of litigation and the confidence to start negotiating within sensible limits.
Results from the DAM Foundation Salary Survey: Who they are, where they work, what they do and how they are paid
Authors: Keathley Elizabeth Ferguson
Published: July 2024

In 2012, the Digital Asset Management (DAM) Foundation Human Resources and Talent Committee surveyed those who work in DAM, requesting demographic, employment, education and compensation information for the 2011 calendar year. This paper explores the results of the survey, and offers correlation sets for DAM workers by age, employer, functional organisation and educational background. Compensation for the overall profession and each correlation group is discussed. It is the mission of the DAM Foundation Human Resources and Talent Committee to make information available regarding emerging and maturing career paths in DAM and it is hoped this paper provides assistance to those wishing to expand the scholarship and discussion of the profession.
Search marketing in the age of AI: Understanding the marketing implications of search, assistive and answer engines
Authors: Barnard Jason , Artz Matt
Published: July 2024

The evolution of search engines necessitates a shift in digital marketing for companies, products, services and personal brands towards optimising for artificial intelligence and knowledge algorithms. This paper investigates the significance of search, assistive and answer engines in the future of digital marketing, and the critical role of multimodality, including text, image, video and, potentially, virtual worlds. By proposing a framework for managing and optimising marketing efforts centred on understanding, credibility and deliverability, this paper uses case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
The sorting of competing metadata models in digital asset management
Authors: Barnes Mary Katherine , Bowden Frances , Griffith Jennifer , Ferguson Keathley Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

This paper broadly covers how UPS set up metadata models (otherwise known as catalogue records) for digital preservation of archival assets in a digital asset management (DAM) system. The resulting models helped the UPS DAM win an award for best ‘Archives, Preservation, and/or Storage Solution’ at the 2010 DAMMY awards. While the standards are clear on the preferred programming language for digital preservation systems, the standards for describing assets in these systems are incredibly diverse. The process UPS used to generate and evolve their own metadata models is outlined, along with solutions to common problems in DAM metadata modelling and collection acquisition. How these models make assets searchable and sustain user interest in the DAM is discussed. When designing metadata models, the UPS DAM team advises working in XML to meet preservation standards, and improvising off the 12 Dublin Core (DCMI) attributes to build custom models that meet the needs of specific user bases.
Security monitoring strategies for your OT infrastructure
Authors: Jbair Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Cyber security threats are an ever-increasing risk to industrial control systems (ICS). Therefore, by considering the impact of cyberattacks as part of improvements in operational technology (OT) infrastructure resiliency serves the ultimate goal of minimising production downtime. In order to achieve this, organisations should consider flexible and innovative security monitoring strategies as well as a security operations centre (SOC). Having security monitoring mechanisms and a SOC function benefits the OT infrastructure in multiple ways, including incident response management, threat and vulnerability management, asset inventory and management, network flow monitoring, security logs monitoring and correlation, as well as the core function of defence against cyberattacks. This paper demonstrates the best practices for security monitoring and protection used by different industry sectors and explains security monitoring tools and their special features, as well as how these monitoring tools are integrated within the SOC. The paper then illustrates the baseline design for building a SOC for OT infrastructure and what needs to be considered when implementing an OT SOC, including data onboarding from OT infrastructure, SOC use cases development, and other SOC functionalities such as vulnerability and risk management, malware detection and other features. The paper aims to benefit the OT security community by providing a general guidance, future vision and required information to build a functional security strategy for critical national infrastructure (CNI) by considering the security life cycle starting from monitoring, through detection, to response and reporting.
Asset allocation models
Authors: Vasanth Sandilya B.
Published: July 2024

Asset allocation models are the vehicles investment managers use to meet clients’ financial goals and objectives. A well-researched and closely monitored model can go a long way in enhancing the asset management firm’s credibility. Research teams have to do in-depth analysis of various asset classes available in a market and drill down to identify investment ideas that will produce optimum return with the right risk. Investment management firms segment their customers and allocate models that will fit the needs of each segment. This paper looks at five major categories of clients and describes in detail the asset allocation model that fits their return and liquidity needs. Various security types are described with a focus on models based on exchange traded funds (ETFs). ETFs track an underlying index closely and are a passive, low-cost way of investing. Models ranging from aggressive to conservative are explained along with their detailed constituents.
Social Brand Planning
Authors: Stauffer John
Published: July 2024

Fundamental shifts in the ways consumers use the web have ushered in a new opportunity for brand planners. Armed with insights derived from social media, planners are putting the consumer at the heart of the brand's positioning and the business. Planning's role beyond marketing and communications, fast-moving cultural trends fuelled by the social web, and new sources of consumer insight have all contributed to a new definition of brand planning. A customer-centric approach to planning, or Social Brand Planning, is critical if we are to transform successfully the data and behaviour gleaned from social media into a competitive advantage for the business.
The onset of social entertainment: How prioritising authentic entertainment on social media will help brands succeed
Authors: Robinson Jillian
Published: July 2024

As the information age evolves beyond its 50th year, significant shifts and disruptions are taking place, ushering in a new era. Within this evolution, the sophistication of the technologies that underpin the information age are evolving faster than ever before, making them almost unrecognisable from their original form. This transformation is causing social media platforms to move away from traditional connection-based feeds known as the social graph, to video-driven entertainment formats, known as the content graph. These rapid technological advancements have transformed consumer behaviour and have provided brands the opportunity to reset their strategies and lead within their industries. By fully embracing the participatory, engaging nature of the new social entertainment era, social media managers will be prepared to lead their industries and win consumers’ hearts and wallets for years to come. This paper examines the current changes happening within the social media landscape and the opportunities these shifts present for brands. The paper will also uncover how marketers can restrategise their efforts to drive business success in this new socially charged digital environment.
In search of relevance: Strategy and the corporate real estate function
Authors: Thorpe Eric H.
Published: July 2024

Corporate real estate (CRE) leaders have long recognised the importance of skill sets such as strategic planning, relationship building, strategic thinking and cross-functional collaboration in their profession's drive to achieve business-driven results and increased relevance within the corporate hierarchy. The current perception within the profession, however, is that competencies lag behind what is necessary to perform effectively in today's organisations. This paper offers a methodology for leaders to use in aligning CRE with corporate strategy and other support functions’ responses to it, adapting CRE services to the specific strategic objectives of business units and educating real estate teams to reduce critical competency gaps. By translating corporate strategy into actionable steps, leaders can provide a direct path for delivering results and for improving and embedding strategic planning ability within the CRE team. Leaders should gain insights into how a structured approach to strategic planning can make a meaningful improvement in aligning CRE with corporate strategy, and how engaging team members in the planning process provides focus for their work and a deeper understanding of how their individual contributions help in the achievement of corporate objectives.
Why and how universities should develop a ‘network’ communications department
Authors: Brouwer Hans
Published: July 2024

Universities are increasingly evolving into network organisations 3.0. In these new organisations, hierarchically connected components are no longer the norm. Instead, departments and teams have their own internal and external relationships. To best support a network organisation 3.0, the focus of the communications department needs to shift to managing conversations and connecting the organisation with its surroundings. A communications department is best able to achieve this when it is itself structured as a network. In response to the network organisation 3.0, HAN University of Applied Sciences changed its communications department’s organisational structure from a central staff department to a matrix department with central and decentralised teams. The department also created specific centres of knowledge in which members of central and decentralised teams participate simultaneously. These centres have further developed into networks. Additionally, the communications department at HAN is part of an extensive regional platform of professionals who specialise in marketing, communications, science and creative design. Participation in the regional network ensures up-to-date expertise and great flexibility, while also fostering partnerships that arise as a result of mutual attraction between the parties.
Esta guerra que se va…
Authors: García Ricardo , Cubides Fernando
Published: July 2024

Esta guerra que se va..., aunque a menudo, como los visitantes fatigosos, no quiera irse del todo, proporciona el ritmo, la nota y el tono de los continuos ciclos que se repiten en la historia de Colombia entre la guerra y la paz, entre la violencia y la convivencia; como el muy prolongado y tortuoso ciclo que se abrió con la toma de Marquetalia y la reanudación de las guerrillas comunistas, las que por cierto se tropezaron en el camino con otros actores violentos, como los narcos y los paras, en un cruce perverso de conflictos, en el que cada actor social imponía al otro, el calificativo de enemigo; pero bajo el cual se ocultaba una endiablada trama de estrategias para el despojo de territorios, el desplazamiento de comunidades, la usurpación de riquezas y la afirmación de identidades en la ilegalidad.El presente libro, fruto de una investigación colectiva, ofrece una mirada, a la vez integral y original, en la explicación de unos conflictos armados, que han sido expresión de la disputa por los recursos en medio de un orden que, garantizando la estabilidad política, sin embargo, ha dado lugar a una expansión territorial desordenada; y así mismo a un crecimiento económico en medio de la fragmentación social.
El nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano
Authors: Lugo Armando , Martínez Rubén , Jimenez Rafael
Published: July 2024

Más allá de la coyuntura política marcada por el ascenso y el declive de unos gobiernos, que les permitió a algunos intelectuales hace algunos años hablar de una "nueva izquierda latinoamericana", se puede constatar la existencia de un proceso que coincide con esa coyuntura política y que sí trasciende en el tiempo porque, a diferencia de los gobiernos y de algunos intelectuales que proclamaban esa "nueva izquierda", este proceso tiene sentido histórico, raigambre popular y, en consecuencia, una capacidad de transformar la sociedad. Se trata de la emergencia y la proposición de poderes constituyentes enriquecidos en saberes que emergieron de la entraña cultural y de los valores políticos y económicos propios de los países de la región y que en el ocaso del siglo XX se fueron transformando en instituciones, cuyo conjunto, denominado nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano.
Programación y manejo de datos con Java utilizando NetBeands IDE
Authors: Alberto Carlos
Published: July 2024

Programación y manejo de datos con Java utilizando NetBeans IDE es un libro que pretende mostrar al lector las posibilidades del diseño de aplicaciones telemáticas mediante el empleo del lenguaje de programación Java y usando como herramienta de desarrollo el editor NetBeans IDE. Este texto está pensado para todos aquellos lectores interesados en conocer cómo el lenguaje Java puede realizar el manejo de excepciones, la escritura y la lectura de archivos de flujo de datos secuenciales y aleatorios y la comunicación en red basada en los protocolos Transmisión Control Protocol (TCP) y User Datagram Protocol (UDP), las operaciones con los registros de las tablas (inserción, consulta, modificación, eliminación) que conforman una base de datos, así como la generación de reportes y gráficos.
Prevalence of Salmonella in Human and Foods of Animal Origin with Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Isolated Bacteria in Dhamar Governorate , Yemen
Authors: Al-Khadher Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Salmonellosis is a food borne zoonotic disease and one of the major public health problems. Assessment of the Salmonella contamination risk In Food of Animal Origin at Dhamar governorate is the main objective for this study. A total of 188 samples of animal food products, including, white meat, red meat, eggs and milk were collected from slaughterhouses, local markets and cows. In addition, a total of 35 stool and 45 blood samples from human were collected. All Samples were collected in aseptic manner, brought to laboratory and subjected to bacteriological, biochemical and serological tests accordingly. For assessment sensitivity of isolated Salmonella species to antibiotics, ten antibiotic drugs were used for this purpose. The results revealed that, out of 188 samples examined and tested for salmonella species, 37(20%) were positive. The positive rates according to sample-type were 0.11%, 0.14%, 0.05%, 0.11%, 0.05%, 0.16%, 0.19%, 0.14%, and 0.05% for native beef, imported beef, camel meat, minced meats, poultry meat, fish meat, table eggs, and raw milk respectively. In human, out of 35 stool and 45 blood samples examined, 8(22.8 %) and 22(48.9%) were positive for salmonellosis respectively. The serovars identified were; typhi (O) 49% typhi (H) 36% Paratyphi (B) 24%, but Paratyphi (A) hasn't found. All isolated salmonella were sensitive to chloramphenicol ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and gentamicin, and intermediate resistant for Erythromycin and Tetracycline, but complete resistant to Colistin, Doxycycline, Penicillin and Lincomycin antibiotics. This study confirmed that, food animal origin at Dhamar governorate are highly contaminated with some Salmonella spp and those species representing the main source of salmonella infections in patients in Dhamar governorate. Further studies on Salmonella spp. Isolation, spread tracking through production cycle of farm animals, and control measures arerecommended.
Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Some Associated Factors of Rabies in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen: A Retrospective Study 2011–2017
Authors: Al-Kubati Anwar A. , Badi Fateh A. , Golah Hameed A. , AlMaswari Sadeq M. A.
Published: July 2024

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of mammals, including humans. It remains a public health problem in many Asian and African countries, including Yemen. This study aimed to describe the spatial-temporal distributions and associated risk factors of rabies in Dhamar governorate, Yemen. Data on reported rabies cases for the years 2011 to 2017 was obtained from the National Rabies Control Program (NRCP)-Unit of Dhamar Governorate. Three rabies indicators were analyzed, including total bites, positive bites, and the number of deaths. The association of rabies indicators with reporting year, month/season, district, as well as the age and gender of the victims, was assessed. A total of 13,706 bites, 2,555 positive bites, and 49 deaths due to rabies were reported in Dhamar governorate between 2011 and 2017. The annual incidence was averaged at 111.64 bites, 20.80 positive bites, and 0.402 deaths per 100,000 capita. Incidence in some rural areas was as high as in urban areas, and it was significantly higher in the eastern districts than in the western districts. The highest exposure occurred in winter (December–February) while the lowest exposure occurred in summer (June–August). The incidence was significantly higher in males (OR ≥ 2.36) and in age strata 5-14 years (OR ≥ 2.42). Rabies is still endemic in Dhamar governorate, and several factors affect exposure to the disease. Factors associated with higher exposure in some districts need to be clarified, in particular the determination of the local wildlife reservoir(s) and its distribution/mobility. Study the incidence of rabies in animals, like bovine and equine species, and their role in transmission of the disease is also encouraged.
Natural variation in salt-induced changes in root:shoot ratio reveals SR3G as a negative regulator of root suberization and salt resilience in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ishka Maryam Rahmati , Sussman Hayley , Hu Yunfei , Alqahtani Mashael Daghash , Craft Eric , Sicat Ronell , Wang Minmin , Yu Li’ang , AitHaddou Rashid , Li Bo , Drakakaki Georgia , Nelson Andrew , Pineros Miguel , Korte Arthur , Jaremko Lukasz , Testerink Christa , Tester Mark , Julkowska Magdalena M.
Published: July 2024

Soil salinity is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity worldwide. Salt stress exposure alters root and shoot growth rates, thereby affecting overall plant performance. While past studies have extensively documented the effect of salt stress on root elongation and shoot development separately, here we take an innovative approach by examining the coordination of root and shoot growth under salt stress conditions. Utilizing a newly developed tool for quantifying the root:shoot ratio in agar-grown Arabidopsis seedlings, we found that salt stress results in a loss of coordination between root and shoot growth rates. We identify a specific gene cluster encoding domain-of-unknown-function 247 (DUF247), and characterize one of these genes as Salt Root:shoot Ratio Regulator Gene (SR3G). Further analysis elucidates the role of SR3G as a negative regulator of salt stress tolerance, revealing its function in regulating shoot growth, root suberization, and sodium accumulation. We further characterize that
SR3G
expression is modulated by
WRKY75
transcription factor, known as a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance. Finally, we show that the salt stress sensitivity of
wrky75
mutant is completely diminished when it is combined with
sr3g
mutation. Together, our results demonstrate that utilizing root:shoot ratio as an architectural feature leads to the discovery of new stress resilience gene. The study’s innovative approach and findings not only contribute to our understanding of plant stress tolerance mechanisms but also open new avenues for genetic and agronomic strategies to enhance crop environmental resilience.
Static Electrification
Authors: Jadidian Jouya , Washabaugh Andrew P. , Zahn Markus
Published: January 2014

Static electrification ‐ also known as triboelectricy or triboelectric charging ‐ refers to the development of a net electrical charge by the relative motion between two dissimilar materials through friction. Several industries involved with the transport or flow of semi‐insulating liquids have had to cope with the problems and hazards posed by flow electrification. Other industries such as electrostatic printing, mining (various ore‐separation processes), mineral oil purification, microelectronics, and air cleaning/filtration systems also use static electricity and are affected by gas‐solid, solid‐solid and liquid solid static electrification. In this article we begin with a review of the process of electrification driven by the relative motion of two different materials at solid‐solid and gas‐solid interfaces. Then we focus on a particular system where a solid material is stationary and an adjacent liquid dielectric is moving at the interface with the first material. Finally, standard test methods, critical factors and mitigation techniques involved in industrial applications are reviewed.
Electrical Trees in Solids
Authors: Dissado L. A. , Montanari G. C. , Mazzanti G. C.
Published: January 2014

Electrical trees are branched degradation structures caused by field enhancing defects in insulating materials and are a common precursor to their failure. In this article we describe their shape and physical nature, and discuss the mechanism whereby they are generated in the insulating material together with a number of theoretical models for their formation. The influence of a range of physical factors upon their initiation and propagation is outlined and the use of partial discharges in their diagnosis briefly described. The article ends with a statement of unresolved questions and recent work in this area which is focussed on the emerging nano‐composite materials.
Radiative forcing caused by rocket engine emissions
Authors: Ross Martin N. , Sheaffer Patti M.
Published: January 2014

Space transportation plays an important and growing role in Earth's economic system. Rockets uniquely emit gases and particles directly into the middle and upper atmosphere where exhaust from hundreds of launches accumulates, changing atmospheric radiation patterns. The instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) caused by major rocket engine emissions CO2, H2O, black carbon (BC), and Al2O3 (alumina) is estimated. Rocket CO2 and H2O emissions do not produce significant RF. BC and alumina emissions, under some scenarios, have the potential to produce significant RF. Absorption of solar flux by BC is likely the main RF source from rocket launches. In a new finding, alumina particles, previously thought to cool the Earth by scattering solar flux back to space, absorb outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation, resulting in net positive RF. With the caveat that BC and alumina microphysics are poorly constrained, we find that the present‐day RF from rocket launches equals 16 ± 8 mW m−2. The relative contributions from BC, alumina, and H2O are 70%, 28%, and 2%. respectively. The pace of rocket launches is predicted to grow and space transport RF could become comparable to global aviation RF in coming decades. Improved understanding of rocket emission RF requires more sophisticated modeling and improved data describing particle microphysics.
Long‐run evolution of the global economy: 1. Physical basis
Authors: Garrett Timothy J.
Published: January 2014

Climate change is a two‐way street during the Anthropocene: civilization depends upon a favorable climate at the same time that it modifies it. Yet studies that forecast economic growth employ fundamentally different equations and assumptions than those used to model Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes. In the interest of establishing a common theoretical framework, this article treats humanity like any other physical process; that is, as an open, nonequilibrium thermodynamic system that sustains existing circulations and furthers its material growth through the consumption and dissipation of energy. The link of physical to economic quantities comes from a prior result that establishes a fixed relationship between rates of global energy consumption and a historical accumulation of global economic wealth. What follows are nonequilibrium prognostic expressions for how wealth, energy consumption, and the Gross World Product (GWP) grow with time. This paper shows that the key components that determine whether civilization “innovates” itself toward faster economic growth include energy reserve discovery, improvements to human and infrastructure longevity, and reductions in the amount of energy required to extract raw materials. Growth slows due to a combination of prior growth, energy reserve depletion, and a “fraying” of civilization networks due to natural disasters. Theoretical and numerical arguments suggest that when growth rates approach zero, civilization becomes fragile to such externalities as natural disasters, and the risk is for an accelerating collapse.

Linking physical to economic quantities comes from a fixed relationship between rates of global energy consumption and historical accumulation of global economic wealth. When growth rates approach zero, civilization becomes fragile to externalities, such as natural disasters, and is at risk for accelerating collapse.