bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequences of pharmacophagous uptake from plants and conspecifics in a sawfly elucidated using chemical and molecular techniques
Authors: Paul Sarah Catherine , Dennis Alice B. , Tewes Lisa Johanna , Friedrichs Jeanne , Müller Caroline
Published: February 2021

Pharmacophagy involves the sequestration of specialised plant metabolites for non-nutritive purposes and commonly occurs in insects. Here we investigate pharmacophagy in the turnip sawfly,Athalia rosae, where adults not only collect specialised metabolites (clerodanoids) from a plant (Ajuga reptans), but also from the exterior of conspecifics via fighting. Using behavioural assays, chemical analytics, and RNAseq we show that when individuals nibble on conspecifics that have already acquired clerodanoids fromA. reptansleaves, this nibbling results in the transfer of compounds between individuals. Furthermore, unlike other pharmacophagous insects, the acquisition of clerodanoids byA. rosaefrom the leaves ofA. reptansdoes not induce the upregulation of known detoxification or sequestration genes and pathways. In contrast, pharmacophagous nibbling on conspecifics results in the upregulation of metabolic pathways associated with elevated metabolic rates and increased energy consumption. It therefore seems that individuals attack conspecifics to acquire clerodanoids despite the apparent metabolic costs of this form of pharmacophagy compared to clerodanoid uptake from a plant. Changes in the metabolic phenotype ofA.rosaeindividuals consequently has profound consequences for social interactions with possible ramifications for their social niche.

Summary statement

The turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae) gains potentially beneficial compounds from the leaf surface of non-food plants (e.g.Ajuga reptans), but can also steal these compounds from conspecifics via aggressive nibbling.
The asgardarchaeal-unique contribution to protein families of the eukaryotic common ancestor was 0.3%
Authors: Knopp Michael , Stockhorst Simon , van der Giezen Mark , Garg Sriram G. , Gould Sven B.
Published: February 2021

Significance Statement

Ever since the first report of a new archaeal lineage, the asgardarchaea, their metagenome analyses have encouraged continued speculations on a type of cell biology ranging between that of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. While it appears a tempting notion, recent microscopic images of an asgardarchaeon suggest otherwise. We inspected the origin of eukaryotic protein families with respect to their distribution across bacteria and archaea. This reveals that the protein families shared exclusively between asgardarchaea and eukaryotes amounts to only 0.3% of the protein families conserved across all eukaryotes. Asgardarchaeal diversity is likely unrivaled across archaea, but their cell biology remains prokaryotic in nature and lends support for the importance of endosymbiosis in evolving eukaryotic traits.

The difference between pro- and eukaryotic biology is evident in their genomes, cell biology, and evolution of complex and macroscopic body plans. The lack of intermediates between the two types of cells places the endosymbiotic acquisition of the mitochondrion through an archaeal host at the event horizon of eukaryote origin. The identification of eukaryote specific proteins in a new archaeal phylum, the asgardarchaea, has fueled speculations about their cellular complexity, suggesting they could be eukaryote-like. Here we analyzed the coding capacity of 150 eukaryotes, 1000 bacteria, and 226 archaea, including the only cultured member of the asgardarchaea, CandidatusPrometheoarchaeon syntrophicumMK-D1. Established clustering methods that recover endosymbiotic contributions to eukaryotic genomes, recover an asgardarchaeal-unique contribution of a mere 0.3% to protein families present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, while simultaneously suggesting that asgardarchaeal diversity rivals that of all other archaea combined. Furthermore, we show that the number of homologs shared exclusively between asgardarchaea and eukaryotes is only 27 on average. Genomic and in particular cellular complexity remains a eukaryote-specific feature and, we conclude, is best understood as the archaeal host’s solution to housing an endosymbiont and not as a preparation for obtaining one.
Stochastic effects during the establishment of β-lactam resistantE. colimutants indicate conditions for collective resistance
Authors: Saebelfeld Manja , Das Suman G. , Hagenbeek Arno , Krug Joachim , de Visser J. Arjan G.M.
Published: February 2021

For antibiotic resistance to arise, new resistant mutants must establish in a bacterial population before they can spread via natural selection. Comprehending the stochastic factors that influence mutant establishment is crucial for a quantitative understanding of antibiotic resistance emergence. Here, we quantify the single-cell establishment probability of fourEscherichia colistrains expressing β-lactamase alleles with different activity against the antibiotic cefotaxime, as a function of antibiotic concentration in both unstructured (liquid) and structured (agar) environments. We show that concentrations well below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) can substantially hamper establishment, particularly for highly resistant mutants. While the pattern of establishment suppression is comparable in both tested environments, we find greater variability in establishment probability on agar. Using a simple branching model, we investigate possible sources of this stochasticity, including environment-dependent lineage variability. Lastly, we use the single-cell establishment probability to predict each strain’s MIC in the absence of social interactions. We observe substantially higher measured than predicted MIC values, particularly for highly resistant strains, which indicates cooperative effects among resistant cells at large cell numbers, such as in standard MIC assays.
Scaling laws in enzyme function reveal a new kind of biochemical universality
Authors: Gagler Dylan C. , Karas Bradley , Kempes Chris , Goldman Aaron D. , Kim Hyunju , Walker Sara Imari
Published: February 2021

All life on Earth is unified by its use of a shared set of component chemical compounds and reactions, providing a detailed model for universal biochemistry. However, this notion of universality is specific to currently observed biochemistry and does not allow quantitative predictions about examples not yet observed. Here we introduce a more generalizable concept of biochemical universality, more akin to the kind of universality discussed in physics. Using annotated genomic datasets including an ensemble of 11955 metagenomes and 1282 archaea, 11759 bacteria and 200 eukaryotic taxa, we show how four of the major enzyme functions - the oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and ligases - form universality classes with common scaling behavior in their relative abundances observed across the datasets. We verify these universal scaling laws are not explained by the presence of compounds, reactions and enzyme functions shared across all known examples of life. We also demonstrate how a consensus model for the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is consistent with predictions from these scaling laws, with the exception of ligases and transferases. Our results establish the existence of a new kind of biochemical universality, independent of the details of the component chemistry, with implications for guiding our search for missing biochemical diversity on Earth, or other for any biochemistries that might deviate from the exact chemical make-up of life as we know it, such as at the origins of life, in alien environments, or in the design of synthetic life.
Role of GM-CSF in regulating metabolism and mitochondrial functions critical to macrophage proliferation
Authors: Wessendarp Matthew , Watanabe Miki , Liu Serena , Stankiewicz Traci , Ma Yan , Shima Kenjiro , Chalk Claudia , Carey Brenna , Rosendale Lindsey-Romick , Filippi Marie Dominique , Arumugam Paritha
Published: February 2021

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerts pleiotropic effects on macrophages and is required for self-renewal but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Using GM-CSF receptor-β-chain deficient (Csf2rb−/−) mice, we show GM-CSF is critical for mitochondrial turnover, functions, and integrity. GM-CSF signaling is essential for fatty acid β-oxidation and markedly increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. GM-CSF also regulated cytosolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and amino acid synthesis. We conclude that GM-CSF regulates macrophages in part through a critical role in maintaining mitochondria, which are necessary for cellular metabolism as well as proliferation and self-renewal.
Prediction of adverse drug reactions associated with drug-drug interactions using hierarchical classification
Authors: Kim Catherine , Tatonetti Nicholas
Published: February 2021

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent a significant threat to public health. Unfortunately, most conventional methods for prediction of DDI-associated ADRs suffer from limited applicability and/or provide no mechanistic insight into DDIs. In this study, a hierarchical machine learning model was created to predict DDI-associated ADRs and pharmacological insight thereof for any drug pair. Briefly, the model takes drugs’ chemical structures as inputs to predict their target, enzyme, and transporter (TET) profiles, which are subsequently utilized to assess occurrences of ADRs, with an overall accuracy of ~91%. The robustness of the model for ADR classification was validated with DDIs involving three widely prescribed drugs. The model was then applied for interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with DDIs involving atorvastatin, identifying the involvement of multiple targets, enzymes, and transporters in ILD. The model presented here is anticipated to serve as a versatile tool for enhancing drug safety.
CRISPR perturbations at many coronary artery disease loci impair vascular endothelial cell functions
Authors: Wünnemann Florian , Tadjo Thierry Fotsing , Beaudoin Melissa , Lalonde Simon , Lo Ken Sin , Lettre Guillaume
Published: February 2021

Genome-wide association studies have identified 161 genetic variants associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the causal genes and biological pathways remain unknown at most loci. Here, we used CRISPR knockout, inhibition and activation to target 1998 variants at 83 CAD loci to assess their effect on six vascular endothelial cell phenotypes (E-selectin, ICAM1, VCAM1, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, calcium signalling). We identified 42 significant variants located within 26 CAD loci. Detailed characterization of the RNA helicaseDHX38and CRISPR activation at theFURIN/FES, CCDC92/ZNF664andCNNM2loci revealed a strong effect on vascular endothelial cell senescence.
Proxy-based model to assess the relative contribution of ballast water and biofouling’s potential propagule pressure and prioritize vessel inspections
Authors: Ceballos-Osuna Lina , Scianni Chris , Falkner Maurya , Nedelcheva Raya , Miller Whitman
Published: February 2021

Commercial shipping is the primary pathway of introduction for aquatic nonindigenous species, mainly through the mechanisms of ballast water and biofouling. In response to this threat, regulatory programs have been established across the globe to regulate and monitor commercial merchant and passenger vessels to assess compliance with local requirements to reduce the likelihood of NIS introductions. Resource limitations often determine the inspection efforts applied by these regulatory agencies to reduce NIS introductions. We present a simple and adaptable model that prioritizes vessel arrivals for inspection using proxies for potential propagule pressure, namely a ships’ wetted surface area as a proxy for the likelihood of biofouling-mediated potential propagule pressure and ballast water discharge volume as a proxy for ballast water-mediated potential propagule pressure. We used a California-specific dataset of vessels that arrived at California ports between 2015 and 2018 to test the proposed model and demonstrate how a finite set of inspection resources can be applied to target vessels with the greatest potential propagule pressure. The proposed tool is adaptable by jurisdiction, scalable to different segments of the vessel population, adjustable based on the vector of interest, and versatile because it allows combined or separate analyses of the PPP components. The approach can be adopted in any jurisdiction across the globe, especially jurisdictions without access to, or authority to collect, risk profiling data or direct measurements for all incoming vessel arrivals.
Detection ofPlasmodiumsporozoites inAnopheles coustanis.l; a hindrance to malaria control strategies in highlands of western Kenya
Authors: Stephen Ayuya , Nicholas Kitungulu , Busula Annette O. , Webale Mark Kilongosi , Omukunda Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Re-emerging of high malaria incidences in highlands of western Kenya pose a challenge to malaria eradication efforts.Anopheles coustaniis a sub-Saharan mosquito species implicated in transmission of malaria in many parts of Africa as a secondary vector. It is a zoo-anthropophilic species that has been assumed to be of negligible importance. A cross sectional study was carried out in April to June, 2020 in Eluche location, Mumias East sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya to establish the contribution ofAnopheles coustaniin malaria transmission. Pyrethrum spray collections (PSC) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and prevention light traps were used for sampling mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were collected from both indoors; between 0700h and 1100h using PSC and outdoors between 1800h and 0700h using CDC light traps. All mosquitoes were identified morphologically and femaleAnopheles’heads and thorax were analyzed further using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) forPlasmodiumsporozoite. A total of 188 femaleAnophelesmosquitoes were collected from both PSC and CDC light traps. This constituted of; 80(42.55%)An. coustani, 52(27.66%)An. funestus, 47(25.00%)An. maculipulpis, 8(4.26%)An. arabiensisand 1(0.53%)An. gambiae. Malaria sporozoite detection was done to all theAnophelesfemale mosquitoes but only twoAn. coustanitested positive forPlasmodium falciparum. In conclusion,Anopheles coustaniplays a major role in outdoor malaria transmission in Mumias East Sub-County of Kakamega County in Western Kenya.
A rationally designed c-di-AMP FRET biosensor to monitor nucleotide dynamics
Authors: Pollock Alex J. , Choi Philip H. , Zaver Shivam A. , Tong Liang , Woodward Joshua J.
Published: February 2021

3’3’-cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an important nucleotide second messenger found throughout the bacterial domain of life. C-di-AMP is essential in many bacteria and regulates a diverse array of effector proteins controlling pathogenesis, cell wall homeostasis, osmoregulation, and central metabolism. Despite the ubiquity and importance of c-di-AMP, methods to detect this signaling molecule are limited, particularly at single cell resolution. In this work, crystallization of theListeria monocytogenesc-di-AMP effector protein Lmo0553 enabled structure guided design of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor, which we have named CDA5. CDA5 is a fully genetically encodable, specific, and reversible biosensor which allows for the detection of c-di-AMP dynamics bothin vitroand within live single cells in a nondestructive manner. Our initial studies identify a unimodal distribution of c-di-AMP inBacillus subtiliswhich decreases rapidly when cells are grown in diluted Luria Broth. Furthermore, we find thatB. subtilismutants lacking either a c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase or cyclase have respectively higher and lower FRET responses, again in a unimodal manner. These findings provide novel insight into c-di-AMP distribution within bacterial populations and establish CDA5 as a powerful platform for characterizing new aspects of c-di-AMP regulation.

Importance

C-di-AMP is an important nucleotide second messenger for which detection methods are severely limited. In this work we engineer and implement a c-di-AMP specific FRET biosensor to remedy this dearth. We present this biosensor, CDA5, as a versatile tool to investigate previously intractable facets of c-di-AMP biology.
Comprehensive imaging of synaptic activity reveals dendritic growth rules that cluster inputs
Authors: Podgorski Kaspar , Toth Tristan Dellazizzo , Coleman Patrick , Opushnyev Serhiy , Brusco Janaina , Hogg Peter , Edgcumbe Philip , Haas Kurt
Published: February 2021

The distribution of synapses across dendritic arbors determines their contribution to neural computations since nonlinear conductances amplify co-active clustered inputs. To determine whether, and how patterned synaptic topography arises during development we developed a random-access microscope capable of full-neuron calcium imaging of activity and structural plasticity of developing neurons in awakeXenopustadpoles. By imaging growing brain neurons in response to plasticity-inducing visual training, we show coordinated growth and synaptogenesis specific to each neuron’s spike tuning. High evoked activity in neurons tuned to the trained stimulus induced pruning of non-driven inputs across the dendritic arbor as these neurons strengthened their responses to this stimulus. In stark contrast, initially unresponsive neurons that shifted their spike tuning toward the trained stimulus exhibited localized growth and new responsive synapses near existing active inputs. These information-driven growth rules promote clustering of synapses tuned to a developing neuron’s emerging receptive field.

One-Sentence Summary

Sensory input directs brain neuronal growth and connectivity promoting clustering of synaptic inputs tuned to a neuron’s encoding properties.
Numerical and experimental analysis of performance in a compact plate heat exchanger using graphene oxide/water nanofluid
Authors: Singh Shiva , Verma Piyush , Ghosh Subrata Kumar
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study aims to present the experimental and computational performance analysis in compact plate heat exchanger (PHE) using graphene oxide nanofluids at different concentrations and flow rate.

Design/methodology/approach

Field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize graphene oxide nanoparticles. The nanofluid samples were prepared by varying volume concentration. Zeta potential test was done to check stability of samples. The thermophysical properties of samples have been experimentally measured. The experimental setup of PHE with 60° chevron angle has also been developed. The numerical analysis is done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model having similar geometry as of the actual plate. Distilled water at fixed temperature and flow rate is used in hot side tank. Nanofluid at fixed temperature with varying concentration and flow rate is used in cold side tank as coolant.

Findings

The numerical and experimental results were compared and found that both results were in good agreement. The results showed ∼13% improvement in thermal conductivity, ∼14% heat transfer rate (HTR), ∼9% in effectiveness and ∼10% in overall heat transfer coefficient at cost of pressure drop and pumping power using nanofluid. Exergy loss also decreased using nanofluid at optimum concentration of 1 Vol.%.

Originality/value

The CFD model can be significant to analyze temperature, pressure and flow distribution in heat exchanger which is impossible otherwise. This study gives ease to predict PHE performance with high accuracy without performing the experiment.
Contrasting supply chain traceability and supply chain visibility: are they interchangeable?
Authors: Roy Vivek
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Supply chain traceability and supply chain visibility have become a critical element for the effective management of contemporary complex supply chains. At their core is information sharing, which has been acknowledged as a key prerequisite for logistics and supply chain performance, but whose notional underpinnings have not been delineated fully, leading to interchangeable deployment of these terms. Addressing the shortcoming, this paper aims to establish a contrast between the two notions.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from systematic review protocols, a multi-disciplinary review scope is constructed wherein the synthesis is strategized to primarily channel implications for the scholarship of logistics and supply chain management. The review is aimed at addressing two research objectives: (1) how the notions of traceability and visibility in supply chain management develop contrast in terms of their thematic emphasis and (2) to attain an integrative understanding of the notional convergence and divergence between supply chain traceability and visibility for raising strategic recommendations.

Findings

The review outcomes help contrast both the convergence and the divergence between traceability and visibility in the supply chain environment, and the differentiated but fundamental role that information sharing plays within these notions to outline why they are not interchangeable.

Originality/value

The originality of the findings lies in the conceptual synthesis of the relevant literature from both technological and non-technological perspectives to ultimately draw logistics and supply chain management implications. The review also points out key strategic considerations to demarcate the notional boundaries of traceability and visibility in future research.
Outward FDI and productivity spillovers in China: an industrial perspective
Authors: Ali Usman , Li Yanxi , Wang Jian-Jun , Chen Zhen
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Prior research demonstrated that China's Outward FDI (OFDI) is aimed at sustaining long-term economic growth by promoting industrialization and technological upgrading in the country. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this strategy remains scarce. This study intends to fill this gap by exploiting endogenous changes in industrial productivity stemming from OFDI to examine if China's new strategy to spur OFDI is economically beneficial for the industries involved.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employed the two-step system-GMM and pooled mean group approaches on a panel dataset of 18 Chinese industries over the 2004–2017 period. The industrial sectors are further classified into the state dominated and non-state dominated ones to evaluate whether the productivity growth impact of OFDI varies by the level of ownership structure. Besides, the dataset is further decomposed into the ex ante and ex-post BRI era to test if this initiative has altered the underlying relationship.

Findings

The results provide robust evidence that China's OFDI through reverse spillover effects promotes productivity growth in the domestic industries, and such productivity gains are greater for the non-state dominated industries, and the OFDI in the BRI era. The findings suggest that OFDI can act as a catch-up strategy to release excess capacity and acquire technology and smart business practices.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to highlight the reverse productivity spillovers associated with OFDI at the industrial level. The study's findings guide the government officials and the practitioners of foreign investment to better understand the implications of their investment projects in terms of technology improvements and to optimize market opportunities.
Undue pressure or moral obligation: religious gifting and undue influence
Authors: Kennedy Vinny
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to stimulate discussion on how best to protect individuals from undue influence when gifting to religious institutions in England and Wales.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on the law relating to undue influence in England and Wales and draws from the literature regarding gifting to religious institutions and accountability of such institutions.

Findings

This paper identifies that more needs to be done to protect individuals, so as to ensure they are gifting to religious institutions using their own free will. It highlights that although the law attempts to define undue influence, there is little guidance on where the line between persuasion and coercion lies. The paper recognises that religious institutions need to do more to adopt safeguarding policies and that the Charity Commission ought to better support such policies by creating a single point of reference.

Practical implications

Steps need to be taken to prepare a cohesive set of principles that religious institutions of all denominations can follow to ensure they protect themselves from being accused of undue influence, as well as safeguarding individuals from abuse.

Originality/value

There are limited studies that consider the dichotomy between religious gifting and undue influence. This paper adds to the existing discussion and considers ways in which individuals can be protected. The author is not aware of such considerations being directly contemplated as resolutions to this issue.
Emotional labor in a sales ecosystem: a salesperson-customer interactional framework
Authors: Klein Michel
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The concept of emotional labor refers to the management of emotions in interaction with customers. This study aims to suggest an integrative definition of emotional labor. It develops a conceptual framework that helps organize and synthesize key insights from the literature, in an interactional and multi-level perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This integrated framework consists in a mapping of key research themes resulting from a systematic literature review, which includes research in sales and marketing. As critical affective processes in sales have not been studied sufficiently, both in business-to-business and business-to-customer selling, this review also incorporates works in other research fields.

Findings

Sales representatives’ emotional labor must be considered as a bi-directional interaction with the customer in a multi-level perspective. Moreover, emotional labor has rather negative consequences for the salesperson (e.g. burnout and job stress), but may have positive sales and customer outcomes. Findings suggest that the expression of genuine emotions should be used during sales interactions. In addition, organizations should prevent customers’ negative behaviors (e.g. mistreatment).

Practical implications

Emotional labor key practical implications with regard to several management functions such as the recruitment, performance management and training (Ashkanasy and Daus, 2002) of the sales representatives.

Originality/value

Research on emotional labor in a sales ecosystem is scarce. It has largely covered service industry employees in contact with customers, but has not paid enough attention to sales representatives (Mikeskaet al., 2015). The proposed integrated framework concerning emotional labor focuses on the bi-directional interaction between the sales representatives and their customers.
Determinants of corporate social and environmental voluntary disclosure in Saudi listed firms
Authors: Boshnak Helmi A.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine firm characteristics and ownership structure determinants of corporate social and environmental voluntary disclosure (CSEVD) practices in Saudi Arabia to address the paucity of research in this field for Saudi listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses manual content and regression analyses for online annual report data for Saudi non-financial listed firms over the period 2016–2018 using CSEVD items drawing on global reporting initiative-G4 guidelines.

Findings

Models show that Saudi firm CSEVD has increased over time compared to previous studies to an average of 68% disclosure due to new corporate governance regulations and IFRS implementation. The models show that firm size, leverage, manufacturing industry type and government ownership are positive determinants of CSEVD, while family ownership is the negative driver of CSEVD. However, firm profitability, audit firm size, firm age and institutional ownership have no impact on the level of CSEVD.

Originality/value

Using legitimacy and stakeholder theories, the paper determines the influence of firm characteristics and ownership structure on CSEVD, identifying implications for firm stakeholders and providing some evidence on the impact of corporate governance regulation and IFRS implementation on such disclosure. The paper provides additional evidence on progress towards Saudi’s Vision 2030.
Institutional excellence reloaded: a 17-years, two-phase in-depth study of corporate culture change in the health care sector
Authors: Beil-Hildebrand Margitta B.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This ethnographic revisit of a general hospital aims to critically explore and describe the mechanisms of corporate culture change and how institutional excellence is facilitated and constrained by everyday management practices between 1996/1997 and 2014/2015.

Design/methodology/approach

A five-month field study of day-to-day life in the hospital's nursing division was conducted by means of an ethnographic revisit, using participant-observation, semi-structured interviews, free conversations and documentary material.

Findings

Using labour process analysis with ethnographic data from a general hospital, the corporate culture is represented as faceted, complex and sophisticated, lending little support to the managerial claims that if corporate objectives are realised, they are achieved through some combination of shared values, beliefs and managerial practices. The findings tend to support the critical view in labour process writing that modern managerial initiatives lead to tightened corporate control, advanced employee subjection and extensive effort intensification. The findings demonstrate the way in which the nursing employees enthusiastically embrace many aspects of the managerial message and yet, at the same time, still remain suspicious and distance themselves from it through misbehaviour and adaptation, and, in some cases, use the rhetoric against management for their own ends.

Practical implications

What are the implications for clinical and managerial practitioners? The recommendations are to (1) develop managerial practitioners who are capable of managing change combined with the professional autonomy of clinical practitioners, (2) take care to practise what you preach in clinical and managerial reality, as commitment, consent, compliance and difference of opinion are signs of a healthy corporate culture and (3) consider the implications between social structures and human actions with different work behaviours on different levels involved.

Originality/value

This ethnographic revisit considers data from a labour process analysis of corporate culture change in a general hospital and revisits the ways in which contradictory expectations and pressures are experienced by nursing employees and management practitioners spread 17 years apart.
Role of halal literacy and religiosity in buying intention of halal branded food products in India
Authors: Khan Adil , Arafat Mohd Yasir , Azam Mohammad Khalid
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of religiosity (intrinsic and extrinsic) and halal literacy on the intention of Muslim consumers to purchase halal branded food products in India. An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used as a framework. Apart from religiosity and halal literacy, the influence of attitude, social norms and perceived behavioural control of halal on buying intention were also tested.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a survey design. The data were collected from 350 individual respondents, using a closed-ended, structured questionnaire. The quality of the measurement model has been assessed through reliability testing, factor loading, average variance extracted and Fornell-Larcker criterion. The test of hypotheses was conducted by performing the partial least square structural equation modelling.

Findings

The result of hypotheses testing shows that both intrinsic and extrinsic types of religiosities did not have a direct influence on buying intention. However, religiosity (extrinsic and intrinsic) and halal literacy have significant relationships with most of the antecedents of the intention of the TPB. In addition, both kinds of religiosities (extrinsic and intrinsic) and halal literacy had a significant indirect effect (through TPB antecedents) on buying intention.

Originality/value

Muslim population in India is one of the largest in the world, yet there is a lack of popular halal branded food products in the market. Nevertheless, few researchers have attempted to study the consumer behaviour of the Muslim population for halal products in India. A large amount of research work on halal food behaviour is from countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, where the Muslim population is in the majority and halal brands are already popular. Further, this paper studies the impact of dimensions of religiosity, which has been overlooked by researchers studying the halal food purchasing behaviour. The study also explores the impact of halal literacy, an understudied construct in halal marketing literature. The present study is amongst the earliest empirical research based on Muslim consumers in India on the topic of halal branded food products.
Geographical query reformulation using a geographical adjacency taxonomy builder and word senses
Authors: El Midaoui Omar , El Ghali Btihal , El Qadi Abderrahim , Rahmani Moulay Driss
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Geographical query formulation is one of the key difficulties for users in search engines. The purpose of this study is to improve geographical search by proposing a novel geographical query reformulation (GQR) technique using a geographical taxonomy and word senses.

Design/methodology/approach

This work introduces an approach for GQR, which combines a method of query components separation that uses GeoNames, a technique for reformulating these components using WordNet and a geographic taxonomy constructed using the latent semantic analysis method.

Findings

The proposed approach was compared to two methods from the literature, using the mean average precision (MAP) and the precision at 20 documents (P@20). The experimental results show that it outperforms the other techniques by 15.73% to 31.21% in terms of P@20 and by 17.81% to 35.52% in terms of MAP.

Research limitations/implications

According to the experimental results, the best created taxonomy using the geographical adjacency taxonomy builder contains 7.67% of incorrect links. This paper believes that using a very big amount of data for taxonomy building can give better results. Thus, in future work, this paper intends to apply the approach in a big data context.

Originality/value

Despite this, the reformulation of geographical queries using the new proposed approach considerably improves the precision of queries and retrieves relevant documents that were not retrieved using the original queries. The strengths of the technique lie in the facts of reformulating both thematic and spatial entities and replacing the spatial entity of the query with terms that explain the intent of the query more precisely using a geographical taxonomy.
The effects of leader–subordinate power distance orientation congruence on employees' taking charge behaviors in China: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Bao Yan , Han Ping , Liao Shudi , Liao Jianqiao
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Based on the social exchange theory, this study explores the mechanism of leader–subordinate power distance orientation (PDO) congruence with employees' taking charge behavior (TCB) and also verifies the moderated mediation effect of employees' promotion regulatory focus (PROM-F) on leader–subordinate PDO congruence and on employees' TCB through trust in the leader (which is the mediator).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 296 questionnaires from 46 teams of Chinese enterprises, the authors use cross-level polynomial regressions and response surface techniques to analyze the effect of leader–subordinate PDO congruence on employees' TCB and use the block variable technique to test the mediating effect of trust in the leader.

Findings

(1) When leader–subordinates' PDO is congruent, the leader–subordinate low-low PDO matching pattern leads to more employees' TCB than the leader–subordinate high-high PDO matching pattern. (2) When leader–subordinate PDO is incongruent, the leader–subordinate low–high PDO matching pattern will lead to more TCB than the high-low PDO pattern.

Practical implications

(1) Encourage and promote the development of diverse cultures in enterprises. (2) Respect the power and status of employees and encourage a low-PDO leadership style. (3) Increase credibility by developing and establishing a good corporate leader image.

Originality/value

(1) The unique background of this survey offers important cross-cultural information on the effects of leader–subordinate PDO congruence. (2) The results of this research enrich the theoretical understanding of the factors that influence TCB. (3) Reveal the internal mechanisms of CPD congruence with TCB and demonstrate an indirect effect of trust in leader. (4) The discussion of the moderating role of employee's PROM-F will also deepen the understanding of the exchange relationship between leaders and subordinates.
Urban and rural tourism under COVID-19 in China: research on the recovery measures and tourism development
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Yang Kailu , Singer Russ , Cui Rui
Published: February 2021

Purpose

COVID-19 has severely affected urban and rural tourism in China, which has been extensively reported in the newspapers. This paper aims to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on urban and rural tourism at each critical juncture of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the studies, measures and attitudes of various stakeholders toward urban and rural tourism and their future development.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper collects Chinese news reports as the research object and uses ROST Content Mining 6.0 and Gephi software to analyze and visualize the data for high-frequency words and analyzed the discourse of stakeholders within the newspaper text.

Findings

This study found that prior to February 20, 2020, the Chinese Government mainly focused on pandemic prevention. From February 21 to April 3 (before The Qingming Festival), resumption of work and production became the theme. From April 4 to May 1 (before May Day), a time-sharing reservation system was widely implemented and the differentiation between urban and rural tourism became more prominent. After May 1, rural tourism attracted greater attention.

Originality/value

This paper uses discourse analysis to understand the impact of COVID-19 on urban and rural tourism from the perspective of time nodes and the relationship between various stakeholders and predicts the development trends within urban and rural tourism. This paper enriches and expands tourism management knowledge in the face of major crises, providing valuable advice for managers and investors and makes suggestions for the development of urban and rural tourism.
Three Historical Perspectives on Trump, the Presidency, and American Populism
Authors: Pickering David
Published: February 2021

This article attempts to set up a conversation between certain aspects of the considerable scholarship on rhetoric and populist identity, on the one hand, and the historical perspectives on American populism provided by Michael Kazin; Christopher Lasch and a recent set of studies of the history of presidential rhetoric. It ends with tentative reflections on the effects of these historical perspectives for contemporary discussions.
Tempeh: A semicentennial review on its health benefits, fermentation, safety, processing, sustainability, and affordability
Authors: Ahnan‐Winarno Amadeus Driando , Cordeiro Lorraine , Winarno Florentinus Gregorius , Gibbons John , Xiao Hang
Published: February 2021

Tempeh is a fermented food made of mainly soybeans and is a nutritious, affordable, and sustainable functional source of protein. Globally, tempeh is a widely accepted fermented product. Although there is a growing body of literature on tempeh, most research has focused on unfermented soybeans, thus the impact of tempeh fermentation on biological properties of soybeans has been largely left scattered. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature of tempeh fermentation over the past 60 years. A search of articles on tempeh published from 1960 to 2020 was performed using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCOhost FSTA database, and Google Scholar. References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources. In total, 321 papers were selected for this review, of which 64 papers were related to the health benefits of tempeh. This review concluded that sufficient evidence exists in the literature supporting tempeh fermentation as a low‐cost, health‐promoting, and sustainable food processing technology to produce protein‐rich foods using various beans, legumes, and grains. This comprehensive review suggests further studies are needed on tempeh fermentation and its impact on human health; research and standardization of nonsoy tempeh; assessment of food safety‐improving modification in tempeh production system; and initiatives supporting the sourcing of local ingredients in tempeh production.
Safety of rapid sequence intubation in an emergency training network
Authors: Grant Steven , Pellatt Richard AF , Shirran Mark , Sweeny Amy L , Perez Siegfried R , Khan Faisal , Keijzers Gerben
Published: February 2021

Objective

Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is a core critical care skill. Emergency medicine trainees are exposed to relatively low numbers of RSIs. We aimed to improve patient outcomes by implementing an RSI checklist, electronic learning and audit, in line with current best evidence.

Methods

Prospective observational study of RSIs performed in the EDs of two Queensland hospitals between January 2014 and December 2016. Data collected included: first‐pass success (FPS), predicted difficulty, indication for intubation, drugs used, positioning, number of attempts, checklist use and complications. Descriptive statistics and multivariable modelling were used to describe differences in FPS, and complications.

Results

Six hundred and fifty‐five patients underwent RSI with FPS of 86.6%. Complications were reported in 15.9%, mainly hypotension (10.9%) and desaturation (4.0%). FPS improved with bougie use (88.9% vs 73.0% without bougie, P < 0.001) and video‐laryngoscopy (88.2% vs 72.9% using standard laryngoscopy, P < 0.001). New desaturation was reduced with apnoeic oxygenation (2.0% vs 22.2%, P < 0.001), bougie use (2.8% vs 8.9%, P < 0.001), checklist use (2.3% vs 22.7%, P < 0.001) and achieving FPS (2.1% vs 16.3%, P < 0.001). Complications were reduced with checklist use (13.3% vs 43.2%, P < 0.001) and apnoeic oxygenation use (3.9% vs 31.1%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression found checklist use was associated with reduced desaturation (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.04–0.27) and the composite variable of any complication (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.89).

Conclusions

Implementation of an evidence‐based care bundle and audit of practice has created a safe environment for trainees to learn the core critical care skill of RSI. In our setting, checklist use was associated with fewer complications.
Enhancing Efficacy of Water Quality Trading with Automation: A Case Study in Virginia’s Nutrient Trading Program
Authors: Saby Linnea , Goodall Jonathan L. , Band Lawrence E. , Bowes Benjamin D. , Fults Michelle
Published: February 2021

The complexity of water quality trading (WQT) policy can lead to the promulgation of regulations that are challenging to comply with and to enforce. As a result, transaction costs may be high and administrators have limited ability to monitor the program outcomes. These concerns can be alleviated in part through increased automation of trading compliance procedures. We present a case study of a pilot system designed for the Virginia Department of Transportation that automates compliance and streamlines brokering processes that are a part of the Virginia nonpoint source WQT program. Outcomes of this work reveal opportunities and challenges for implementing automated systems in WQT and suggest a framework for developing automated programs. We conclude that use of automated procedures to facilitate compliance with WQT rules can help identify gaps in data reporting and availability, amend inconsistency in rule interpretation, and reduce transaction costs for credit purchasers by enabling efficient analysis of trading opportunities. Persistent limitations to automation exist, including lack of standardized, machine accessible, and open data sources. Potential long‐term benefits of automating WQT processes include minimizing transaction costs, enabling new environmental data collection and policy analysis, and ultimately yielding improved WQT program efficacy and water resources outcomes.
Regarding the F‐word: The effects of data filtering on inferred genotype‐environment associations
Authors: Ahrens Collin W. , Jordan Rebecca , Bragg Jason , Harrison Peter A. , Hopley Tara , Bothwell Helen , Murray Kevin , Steane Dorothy A. , Whale John W. , Byrne Margaret , Andrew Rose , Rymer Paul D.
Published: February 2021

Genotype‐environment association (GEA) methods have become part of the standard landscape genomics toolkit, yet, we know little about how to best filter genotype‐by‐sequencing data to provide robust inferences for environmental adaptation. In many cases, default filtering thresholds for minor allele frequency and missing data are applied regardless of sample size, having unknown impacts on the results, negatively affecting management strategies. Here, we investigate the effects of filtering on GEA results and the potential implications for assessment of adaptation to environment. We use empirical and simulated data sets derived from two widespread tree species to assess the effects of filtering on GEA outputs. Critically, we find that the level of filtering of missing data and minor allele frequency affect the identification of true positives. Even slight adjustments to these thresholds can change the rate of true positive detection. Using conservative thresholds for missing data and minor allele frequency substantially reduces the size of the data set, lessening the power to detect adaptive variants (i.e., simulated true positives) with strong and weak strengths of selection. Regardless, strength of selection was a good predictor for GEA detection, but even some SNPs under strong selection went undetected. False positive rates varied depending on the species and GEA method, and filtering significantly impacted the predictions of adaptive capacity in downstream analyses. We make several recommendations regarding filtering for GEA methods. Ultimately, there is no filtering panacea, but some choices are better than others, depending on the study system, availability of genomic resources, and desired objectives.