bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a New Species of Stephanofilaria causing Dermatitis of Buffaloes' Ears in Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) India
Authors: Singh Satya Narayan
Published: June 2009

In December, 1957, Dr. Zaheer Ahmad, Veterinary-Assistant Surgeon, Baswada, handed over to the writer for specific determination a few specimens of Stephanofilaria which had been collected by him from ear-sores of buffaloes in Baswada (Nizamabad). Since on examination the material was found to consist only of females, it was not possible to identify the species. On consultation of relevant literature, however, it was noted that ear-sore infection associated with Stephanofilaria had been recorded by Gopalkrishnan in 1949 in Assam and later referred to by Menon (1952) in connexion with the treatment of “Contagious Ottorrhoea“ in buffaloes in Travancore.
A Note on Parafilariasis in Buffalo, Bos (Bubalus) bubales
Authors: Patnaik M. M. , Pande B. P.
Published: June 2009

Previous work in parafilariasis and histological study of the causal nematode in skin nodules, collected from bubaline hosts on biopsy from Orissa, is outlined. The present study relates to some observations made from the gravid female with special reference to its anterior end and the histopathology of the skin lesions. The specimens ofParafilaria bovicolaTubangui, 1934, recovered locally from ox, have been compared and the available specific characters ofP. sahaii, reported from buffalo, scrutinised. This form is not considered a valid species and accordingly dropped as a synonym ofP. bovicola.
The Role of the Larval Stages of Haemonchus placei Infections of Cattle in Immunity
Authors: Ross John G.
Published: June 2009

Using the larvicidal anthelmintic “Neguvon”, infections of calves with H. placei were terminated at the time of the moult from the fourth to the fifth stage. A comparison was then made between the level of immunity developed by calves which had experienced, third and fourth stages, third, fourth and fifth stages, and parasite free calves. The results suggested that the principal stage necessary to produce a substantial immunity was the fifth. Evidence was also produced to associate a local reaction in the abomasum characterised by oedema and aggregations of eosinophils in the mucosa with immunity to challenge.
The Seasonal Availability to Sheep of Infective Nematode Larvae on Pasture
Authors: Tetley J. H.
Published: June 2009

The seasonal availability of sheep nematode infective larvae under normal farm conditions was investigated by exposing lambs reared worm free for two weekly periods in the fields. Data were collected in the form of populations found at post mortem examination.

It was found that Nematodirus spp. were acquired in greatest numbers in the autumn after the date by which lambs normally have acquired resistance to superinfection. The conclusion was that self-augmentation of Nematodirus parasitism in lambs resulting from eggs the lambs conveyed to the ground was of minor significance and that eggs reaching the ground in one season are the source of parasitism in lambs in the following spring.

It was found that greatest numbers of Haemonchus conlortus were acquired in summer. Heavy contamination of pasture with eggs of this species by ewes in the spring did not result in large populations in their lambs. It was concluded that the extent of parasitism in lambs in the late summer and autumn was contingent on there being favourable conditions at that time of the year for the development of infective larvae.
The Availability of the Infective Stages of Nematode Parasites to Sheep in Early Spring
Authors: Tetley J. H.
Published: June 2009

Previously uninfected eleven month old sheep were used as indicators of the availability of the infective larvae of sheep nematodes in early spring. Ostertagia and Nematodirus species were acquired in much larger numbers than other species. It is concluded, since the order of parasitism found in the experimental sheep resembled that found in spring born flock lambs in early life, that the relative specific incidence is the latter is due to the numbers of available infective larvae and not to any factor associated with the stage of development of the lambs.
Observations on the Life History of Rhabdias sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 from Bufo marinus L., in the Bermuda Islands
Authors: williams R. W.
Published: June 2009

1. Of 40 adult toads, Bufo marinus L., collected from 4 parishes of the Bermuda Islands, 82–5 per cent were infected with the lung worm Rhabdias sphaerocephala Goodey. The average number of worms per infected animal was 10 and the largest number recovered from a single toad was 50.

2. Although some eggs hatch in the lower rectum and cloaca, most do not hatch until they are evacuated and are lying in or on the fresh faecal material on the ground.
On a New Species of Splendidofilaria Skrjabin, 1923 from India
Authors: Amir S. , Ali S. M.
Published: June 2009

During the tour in Kashmir, two males and four females of the species to be described were collected from the vicinity of the heart and the body cavity of the white cheeked Bulbul, Molpastes leucogenys leucogenys.

These are rather slender worms with attenuated anterior ends. The posterior ends are twisted into 2–3 coils. The cuticle is thin, smooth, nonstriated, but richly furnished with bosses throughout the length of the body.
On a New Species of the Genus Saurositus from an Indian lizard
Authors: Deshmukh P. G. , Mehdi Ali S.
Published: June 2009

Three specimens of this species were collected on one occasion from the lizard Calotes versicolor. The material consists of one male and two females which were found entangled in the connective tissue of the body cavity.

These are thin worms measuring 11·5 mm. long in the male and 18·3 mm. in the female. The maximum body diameter is 0·23 and 0·35 mm. respectively in the male and the female.
Follow-up of P32 Labelled Infective Larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti in the Skin of a Kitten
Authors: Dissanaike A. S. , Dissanaike G. A. , Niles W. J. , Surendranathan R.
Published: June 2009

In two previous papers (Dissanaike et al., 1957a and 1957b) we described the technique of tagging Culex fatigans and Armigeres subalbatus (=obturbans) with P32 to obtain high beta activities. Filarial larvae were made to develop to the infective stage in these activated mosquitoes and were found to have beta activities high enough for detection individually.
The Distribution of Nematode Eggs when using a Dilution-Egg-Count Procedure
Authors: Dunn J. E. , Poteet R. W. , Conway D. P.
Published: June 2009

By combining a number of well-known but scattered results, a theoretical model has been constructed to explain the observed quadratic increase in sample variance of egg counts over sample mean with increasing egg concentration. Our contention is that the over-dispersion arises because of inherent variation in volumetric deliveries of faecal suspension onto the counting slide. Even though the observed variation of volumetric deliveries appears to be small, we have shown that it is adequate to cause a considerable increase in egg count variance over mean at not unreasonably high concentrations.
Studies on Larval Trematodes Infecting Freshwater Snails in London (U.K.) and Some Adjoining Areas:Part II.—Gymnocephalous Gercariae
Authors: Khan D.
Published: June 2009

Two new species of Gymnocephalous cercariae are described from London. Cercariae lophocerca Fil. is recorded for the first time from Britain. A description of this cercaria is given.
Immunization of Guineapigs against Ascaris suum
Authors: Taffs L. F.
Published: June 2009

It has been shown that guineapigs can be effectively protected against re-infection by the subcutaneous inoculation of embryonated Ascaris eggs (Soulsby, 1957). The purpose of this communication is to report a successful attempt to immunize guineapigs against a lethal oral challenge dose of eggs by the intravenous inoculation of third stage larvae of A. suum.

Three groups, each containing nine guineapigs, were infected with Ascaris as follows: Group I was given 10,000 eggs by mouth. Group II Was inoculated intravenously with 2,000 third stage Ascaris larvae which had been obtained from the lungs of other guineapigs on the sixth day of infection. Both groups were challenged at the same time with 250,000 eggs by mouth, along with a control group (Group III) which had no previous infection. The guineapigs in Group I were re-infected after 18 days and those in Group II after 12 days.
A Technique for the Recovery of Strongyloid Infective Larvae from Small Sample Units of Pasture
Authors: Donald A. D.
Published: June 2009

A technique is described for the recovery of strongyloid infective larvae from a large number of separate small sample units of pasture. The larvae recovered from each sample unit can readily be counted individually. Tests of the technique have shown that it will recover approximately 90% of the larvae present. The efficiency of the technique is independent of the number of larvae present and of the quantity of sediment containing infective larvae which is obtained from washings of pasture samples.
A Survey of the Parasites of Native Dogs in Southern Malawi with Remarks on their Medical and Veterinary Importance
Authors: Fitzsimmons W. M.
Published: June 2009

The indigenous dogs of Malawi form a fairly homogeneous group. The general type is a smooth-haired, medium-sized, terrier dog in many ways not unlike the Basenji of the Belgian Congo. Consequently it may be assumed that the local breed of dog has, generally speaking, had very little contact with exotic breeds and that it is quite possible the parasitic populations which it supports are also truly indigenous. A unique opportunity of exploring this unknown terrain presented itself when, as a result of an outbreak of rabies, it was decided to thin out the unvaccinated dog population as a veterinary control measure.
Icosiella papuensis n.sp. and Ochoterenella papuensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea), from a New Guinea Frog, Cornufer papuensis
Authors: Johnston M. R. L.
Published: June 2009

Microfilariae were demonstrated in stained blood films from two New Guinea frogs, Cornufer papuensis, and this material was later given to me by a colleague. The frogs, which had been preserved in alcohol for some months, were examined for adult forms after having been softened in a solution of equal parts of glycerol and 70%alcohol. One male, one female and the anterior part of a second female of a new species of the genus Icosiella Seurat, 1917 were found in one frog. Two females and four males of a new species of the genus Ochoterenella Caballero, 1944 were found in the second frog.
An Interesting Form of Moniezia (? sp.) with a Double Set of Interproglottidal Glands, from Goats in Lyallpur, Pakistan
Authors: Durrani M. Z. , Abdul Hameed Ch.
Published: June 2009

A large number of cestodes from the intestines of sheep and goats were collected from the slaughter houses in and around Lyallpur city of West Pakistan in the begining of 1965 and preserved in separate containers in connection with some other work. On examination of the collection made from goats, a specimen was found which had the characteristics of genus Moniezia but was not referable to the species so far described. On further examination two complete specimens were isolated from the collection and stained after fixation under moderate pressure.
Studies with Ostertagia circumcincta in Sheep. I. The epidemiology of mature adults and arrested larvae
Authors: James P. S. , Johnstone I. L.
Published: June 2009

By means of egg counts, faecal cultures and post-mortem examinations of sheep the course of an infestation of Ostertagia circumcincta was followed from March until the following January in a flock of 100 twelve-months-old wethers at Wellington, N.S.W. The highest adult infestations and egg counts occurred in March and January, while during the winter months there was a continual accumulation of inhibited fourth stage larvae in the abomasal mucosa. The data suggest that the adult population observed in January arose from the inhibited population observed during the previous winter and that one of the factors controlling the development of the inhibited population was larval intake.
On the Incidence of Trematodes of the Family Heterophyidae from Dogs and Cats in India
Authors: Venkateswara Rao B. , Anantaraman M.
Published: June 2009

1. Haplorchis taichui H. yokogawai and Stictodora manilensis are recorded for the first time in India from dogs.

2. H. helerophyes from Indian cats are very much smaller than those recorded from dogs.

3. A technique has been described to study the chitinous armature of the gonotyl in heterophyid trematodes.
Nematodes of the Genus Capillaria Zeder, 1800, from the Collection of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 1. Capillariids from exotic avian hosts
Authors: Wakelin D.
Published: June 2009

Eight species of the nematode genus Capillaria Zeder, 1800 are described from fifteen species of avian hosts. All but two of the host records are new for the species concerned. One species, C, longifila, is fully described for the first time. The results are discussed in relation to the systematics of avian capillariids.
On a New Species of Icosiella Seurat, 1917 from Malaya with a Key to the Species of Icosiella
Authors: Yuen P. H.
Published: June 2009

A number of filariid worms were obtained from the connective tissues of the muscles of two Malayan amphibians. These include 22 males and 40 females from Bufo asper Boulenger from Taiping, Perak; 2 males and 2 females from Bufo asper, from Gunong Pulai, Johore; and 1 male and 4 females from Rana cancrivora, Gravenhorst from Thomson Road, Singapore. On examination these were found to be a new species of Icosiella for which the name Icosiella innominata sp. nov. is now proposed. A tentative key has also been drawn up for the species of the genus.
Studies withBrugia pahangi5. Structure of the cuticle
Authors: Rogers Rosemary , Denham D. A. , Nelson G. S.
Published: June 2009

The structure of the cuticle of third and fourth stage larvae and of adultBrugia pahangi(Nematoda: Filarioidea) was studied by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cuticle of these worms was basically typical of the class Nematoda and consisted of cortical, matrix, and basal layers. Finely spaced annulation grooves were present and their function is discussed.

Descriptions of the cuticular ultrastructure of filarial nematodes are meagre. Studies on the cuticle of adult worms are limited to those of Kagei (1960, 1963) onSetaria cerviandLitomosoides cariniiand of McLaren and Hockley (personal communication) who examinedL. carinii and Dipetalonema vitea
Studies withBrugia pahangi7. Changes in lymphatics of injected cats
Authors: Rogers Rosemary , Denham D. A.
Published: June 2009

Histological and gross changes in the lymphatics of cats singly or repeatedly infected withBrugia pahangiwere studied chronologically over a period of 5 years. Lymphatic dilatation occurred within 2 weeks of injection and an initial acute inflammatory reaction in the lymphatic wall and lumen was followed by chronic inflammation within 4 months. In some long-term repeatedly infected cats, the lymphatics became non-functional fibrous cords and conditions of oedema and early elephantiasis, similar to those seen in early human filariasis, were produced. The main points of contention in the study of filariasis which were cluciaated in this system were: (1) that living worms cause lymphatic damage, not exacerbated by their death; (2) that lymphatic damage is not progressive after a certain peak of reaction is reached, except in repeatedly challenged animals; (3) that microfilariae do not appear to cause lymphatic damage.
Studies with Brugia pahangi 8. Infections in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Denham D. A.
Published: June 2009

Five Macaca mulatta were each inoculated with 200 larvae of Brugia pahangi. One monkey showed no microfilariae and the other 4 only low and transient microfilaraemias. Another group of 5 monkeys were each given an original 200 larvae and 11 further infections with 50 larvae but no better microfilaraemias were obtained. These monkeys were killed between 176 and 185 days later and no adult worms could be found. A few adult worms were found in two further monkeys killed 60 days after infection.

Brugia pahangi infects mammalian hosts of several orders but the only primate found naturally infected is Nycticebiis coucang (Laing et al., 1960, Ash and Riley, 1970). Edeson et al. (1960) tried to infect Macaca inis, M. nemestrina, M. mulatta and N. coucang but were only able to detect microfilariae in N. coucang. On the other hand, B. malayi (sub-periodic strain) infects primates much more readily (Laing et al., 1960) in nature. Fredericks and Ramachandran (1968) successfully infected 26 of 27 M. mulatta with B. malayi.
Afromacroderoides lazerae gen. et sp. nov. (Allocreadiidae: Walliniinae), a new Digenean from the African Freshwater Fish Clarias Jazera
Authors: Khalil L. F.
Published: June 2009

Afromacroderoides lazerae gen. et. sp. nov. (Allocreadiidae; Walliniinae) is described and figured from specimens collected from the intestine of the African freshwater fish Clarias lazera from the White Nile near Khartoum, Sudan. The new genus is distinguished by the shape of its cirrus sac, the presence of a bipartite seminal vesicle and a spiny cirrus. It is differentiated from the related genera Paramacroderoides and Pseudoparamacroderoides.
Intestinal Infestation of Turkey Poults with Plagiorchis (Multiglandularis) megalorchis Rees, 1952 and an Experimental Study of its Life-Cycle
Authors: Jordan F. T. W.
Published: June 2009

1. Heavy intestinal infestation with Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis Rees, 1952, in four two-week old turkey poults is described. This was presumably the cause of death in the four poults and possibly of nine other birds of the same hatch.

2. The epizootiology of the condition is described.

3. The life-cycle of the parasite has been investigated, using turkey poults as the definitive host.
The response of Schistosoma mansoni maintained in vitro to schistosomicidal compounds
Authors: Coles G. C.
Published: June 2009

The activity is reported of certain clinical and experimental schistosornicides against schistosomula, 3 week old, and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni maintained in vitro. Since the test method is not sufficiently selective for use with random compounds, it is concluded that meaningful screening for potential schistosomicides cannot at present by carried out in vitro.
Kobusinema banagiense sp. nov. a new Trichostrongylid Nematode from African Game Animals
Authors: Gibbons Lynda M.
Published: June 2009

The specimens used for this study were obtained from two collections of helminths sent to the Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology for identification. The first was made by Dr. R. Sachs in his survey of parasitic infestation of wild herbivores in the Serengeti region, Tanzania and the second by Dr. L. D. Fay in a veterinary survey of game animals in Kenya.
Oesophagostomum watanabei n.sp. (Nematoda,Strongylidae) from a Japanese Wild Boar
Authors: Yamaguti Satyu
Published: June 2009

Seven mature males and as many females, mature or gravid, were taken from the large intestine of Sus leucomystax Temm. by Dr. Shozo Watanabe of the Institute of Veterinary Hygiene in Niigata Prefecture on 2nd March, 1940. A careful comparison of them with related species has revealed that they represent a distinct species, for which the name Oesophagostomum watanabei is proposed in honor of the collector.
Chemotaxonomic studies on davaineid tapeworms, based on amino acid analysis
Authors: Bhalya Anjali , Seth Amita , Capoor V. N. , Malhotra Sandeep K.
Published: June 2009

Twelve amino acids were detected in six davaincid ecstodes, Davainea hewetensis Dhawan & Capoor (1972) collected from one Gallus gallus domesticus L. at Allahabad, India. Chemotaxonomic studies within the family Davaineidac have shown the presence of cystine and hydroxyproline only in D. hewetensis, although phenylalanine and proline occur in all species examined previously.
Metallic elements in hydatid fluid
Authors: Sheriff D. Sultan , Dar F. K. , Kidwai S. A.
Published: June 2009

Inorganic elements as micronutricnts play a vital role in metabolism and in immune mechanisms (Ballerker & Prasad, 1983) and a significant role in the physiology of parasites. Their importance is shown by the harmful effects of mineral deficiencies in the host diet, particularly on gastro-intcstinal parasites (Von Brand, 1966). The presence of aluminium, cadmium, iron, manganese, nickel, sodium and tin has been shown in the corpuscles of Echinococcus granulosus which causes hydatid disease in man (Agosin, 1968). In this preliminary report, the quantities of trace elements in hydatid fluid from sheep and man are reported to show their possible importance as nutrients or as cofactors in the metabolism of the parasite.
Pancreatic secretion is the migratory cue for Hymenolepis diminuta in rat small intestine
Authors: Cho C. H.
Published: June 2009

Pylorus and bile-duct restrictions did not prevent the anteriad migration of Hymenolepis diminuta in rat small intestine after food feeding. However, migration was inhibited when the common bile-duct was occluded. The results indicate that pancreatic secretion is the migratory cue for Hymenolepis diminuta in rats.
Immunity toOnchocerca lienalismicrofilariae in mice
Authors: Townson Simon , Nelson G. S. , Bianco A. E.
Published: June 2009

The model ofOnchocerca lienalismicrofilariae (mff) injected into CBA and T.O. strains of mice has been used to examine immunity to skin-dwelling microfilariae following exposure to a range of species oF nelmmms Mice which had received a primary infection withO. cervicalismff were significantly resistant to challenge withO. lienalismfT(58% reduction relative to challenge controls). Immunization with the uterine contents (eggs and mff) ofO. lienalis, O. gutturosaorO. volvulusconferred equivalent levels of protection agains challenge withO. lienalismff (66 to 75%). Similar results were obtained with immunizations in mice that employed either fresh or freeze-killed eggs ofO. gutturosa. Significant reductions in the recoveries ofO. lienalismff were also demonstrated following the intraperitoneal implantation of adult male worms ofO. gutturosa(30 to 52%), the adults of either sex ofDipetalonema viteae(60%), or after infection witnTrichinella spiralis(27 to 81%). Infections with the trematode,Schistosoma mansoni, had a negligible effect on mff recoveries. It is concluded that partial resistance in mice toOnchocercamff may be stimulated by factors, yet to be determined, that are neither stage nor species-specific.
Nervous system in Olveria indica, a rumen paramphistome (Digenea) of bovines, as revealed by non-specific esterase staining
Authors: Mishra Neerja , Tandon Veena
Published: June 2009

On the basis of esterase localization the complete nervous system has been visualized in Olveria indica Thapar & Sinha, 1945, a paramphistome from the rumen of cattle, recorded for the first time from the north-east region of India. The basic number of posterior longitudinal nerves (i.e., 3 pairs) is the same as in other paramphistomes; four pairs of anterior longitudinal nerves are present, there being an extra pair of pharyngeal nerves. Conspicuous differences in the innervation patterns were observed, mainly in the innervation of the genital atrial region and acetabulum. The presence of prominent longitudinal connections, joining the anterior and posterior dorsal nerves and the anterior and posterior ventral nerves on either side, is a feature not hitherto found in other paramphistome species. The details of the course of all the nerves and their branches are discussed.
Gazellostrongylus lerouxi Yeh, 1956 from antelopes in East Africa and its relation to the genus Paracooperia Travassos, 1935
Authors: Khalil L. F. , Gibbons Lynda M.
Published: June 2009

A detailed redescription of Gazellostrongylus lerouxi and Paracooperia serrata was given from specimens
collected from antelopes in Kenya. It was felt that there was no justification for the synonymy of the genus Gazellostrongylus with Paracooperia. Gazellostrongylus was placed in the tribe Ostertagiea.
Changes in Potato Root Eelworm Population with Time and Depth
Authors: Peters B. G.
Published: June 2009

By growing potatoes in infested soil in sectional wooden boxes, changes in the population of potato root eelworm have been observed at 5, 9, 13 and 19 weeks after planting, and at 5 two-inch levels in the soil. Results show that most of the increase in population occurred during the last 6 weeks of the experiment and that the normal population changes proceeded more slowly in the topmost level, leading to a lower final population in that level.
A Study of the Conditions Favouring the Survival in vitro of the Cattle Lungworm, Dictyocanlus viviparus
Authors: Soliman K. N.
Published: June 2009

In reviewing the literature on helminthology one finds that a great deal of attention has been given to the study of the physiology of parasites. Investigations of such a nature are valuable, in that they enable one to approach the problem of anthelmintic treatment in a scientific manner. Most of the early work that was carried out on lungworms in general was concerned either with their life histories or with their morphology, and little work has been done on their physiological characteristics.
The Root-Knot Eelworm on Weeds and Cultivated Plants in the Gold Coast
Authors: Edwards E. E.
Published: June 2009

Intensive cropping on a commercial scale as practised on fertile land in Europe is hitherto unknown in the Gold Coast apart from the growing of cocoa trees in a wide belt stretching from east to west across the central region of the country. In general, the method of farming is exceedingly primitive, being largely shifting cultivation, that is, the bush is partially cleared and the land is then cultivated by hand-hoes and cropped for a period of three or four years. Normally, no manure of any kind, either organic or inorganic, is applied and the land at the end of this period is allowed to revert to bush. New ground is brought into cultivation in its place, only to be allowed when virtually exhausted of readily available plant food to return to its natural, jungle condition.
Studies on Brugia pahangi. 13. The anthelmintic effect of compounds F151 (Friedheim), HOE 33258 (Hoechst) and their reaction product
Authors: Denham D. A. , Suswillo R. R. , Rogers Rosemary , McGreevy P. B. , Andrews B. J.
Published: June 2009

F151 was a potent filaricide against adult Brugia pahangi in cats and jirds.

HOE 33258 did not kill adult worms in cats but had a marginal effect on adult worms in the peritoneal cavity of jirds. It was not immediately microfilaricidal in cats but the microfilarial counts of treated cats fell within a few weeks of treatment.

The reaction product, or mixture, of these two compounds (V5851 = E) was strongly macrofilaricidal m cats and jirds.
Studies of potential filaricides: Part 14—Activity of l-iso-butoxycarbonyl-4-methyIpiperazine against experimental filariasis
Authors: Rastogi R. , Sharma S. , Anand N. , Dutta A. , Fatma N. , Chatterjee R. K. , Sen A. B.
Published: June 2009

The synthesis and filaricidal activity of l-iso-butoxycarbonyl-4-mcthylpipcrazinc against Litomosoides carinii in Sigmodon hispidus and Dipctaloncma viteae in Mastomys natalcnsis is reported. At an intrapcritoncal or oral dose of 3 mg/kg given for 6 days, the compound removed 91% of the circulating microfilariac but had no effect on adult L carinii. However, it killed all microfilariae and adults of D. viteae at a subcutaneous dose of 50 mg/kg given for 6 days. The compound also possessed ehemoprophylaetic activity against the larvae of L. carinii and D. viteae at a dose of 30 and 50 mg/kg respectively.
Intestinal absorption of glucose in rats after continuous challenge with larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: Cheema Kausar J. , Scofield A. M.
Published: June 2009

The rate of glucose absorption and metabolism and the associated fluid transfer of the small intestine of rats was measured in vitro using an everted sac technique after daily doses of 0, 5, 25 or 225 infective larvae of Nippostrongylus for periods of one to five weeks. Though there were occasional significant changes in the physiology of the intestine there were no obvious patterns or trends with respect to time at any infection level. This differs from the response after a single infection. The possible role of immune adaptation and reduced immunogenicity of the worms during repeated infections is considered.
Helminths Recovered from Wilson's Snipe, Capella gallinago delicata
Authors: Threlfall William
Published: June 2009

Many papers have been written about Wilson's snipe (Erickson, 1950), but few of them deal with the parasites of the bird. Schmidt (1962, 1963a, 1963b, 1964) working in Northern Colorado described new species of Hymenohpis, Tetrameres and Arythmorhynchus and listed the other parasites he found in a sample of 29 snipe. In the present work birds from Newfoundland, Ontario and Louisiana were examined for helminth parasites, to determine the species composition of any burden that they might be carrying and to note any differences in the species composition of the burden in birds from different geographical areas. It was also hoped to show if there was any difference in the burden carried by male and female birds.
Experimental ancylostomiasis in Swiss albino mice: adrenal and thyroid histopathology
Authors: Bhai Ismail , Pandey A. K.
Published: June 2009

Remarkable hypertrophic changes were observed in the adrenal and thyroid glands of male mice after 7 to 16 days of infection with the filariform larvae of Ancylostoma caninum, but not in females. The adrenal gland revealed enormous enlargement of cells in the zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and medulla, and also the formation of big vacuoles in the glomerular zone, whereas the thyroid gland showed distinctly hypcrtrophicd follicular epithelium with marked acolloidal condition and follicular mass formation. These changes in the cellular diameter were highly significant (P>0·001 to <0·005). The possible reasons for hyperactivity of these glands are discussed.
ExperimentalSchistosoma mansoniinfection in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in Kenya: I. Susceptibility to a primary infection
Authors: Sturrock R.F. , Otieno F.M. , Tarara R. , Kimani R. , Harrison R. , Else J.G.
Published: June 2009

Groups of five 3-kg Kenyan monkeys,Cercopithecus aethiops, were exposed individually to 150,600 or 1500Schistosoma mansonicercariae per monkey. Three monkeys died soon after the infections became patent and the survivors were autopsied 4 months after exposure. Mortality and most haematological, parasitological and pathological sequelae of infection were dose-related, but not the white cell response or changes in the levels of serum proteins or fibrinogen. No gross liver fibrosis was seen. Comparison of this study with earlier ones on related cercopithecine monkeys suggests that the vervet closely resembles the baboon in its response toS. mansoniinfections. Difficulties in managing and maintaining vervets can be overcome by using colonybred or properly adapted feral animals. Thus, the vervet provides a cheaper, more readily available primate model for experimentalS. mansonistudies. A prolonged infection, sufficiently heavy to permit reliable parasitological monitoring without undue mortality, should be provided by 150S. mansonicercariae per kg body-weight, using the Kenyan strains of vervet and parasite.
The Development of Leucocytozoon canis in the Tick with a Reference to the Development of Piroplasma
Authors: Christophers S. R.
Published: June 2009

In the last issue of Parasitology a description is given by Wenyon (5) of the developmental cycle of Leucocytozoon canis in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Wenyon refers to the description of the development given by me (2), but rightly points out that one stage, that of the large compound cysts, was overlooked. The surmise, however, that these large and easily ruptured cysts were overlooked owing to their having been broken up in the preparation of films is only part of the truth. A full explanation involves facts in regard to the development of this parasite which have not been touched upon by Wenyon; it is possible, as will be seen shortly, that Wenyon's description of the cycle, like mine, involved a considerable error. In this respect, as a result of work not yet published, I am able to supplement what has been written on the subject.
The Life-cycle of Spirochaeta gallinarum
Authors: Balfour Andrew
Published: June 2009

I have been following the valuable contributions which Hindle has recently been making to the literature of spirochaetosis and I have been specially interested in his paper on the above subject which appeared in Parasitology, vol. IV. p. 463. I wish to make a few comments upon some of his findings and conclusions.
On two new Trematode Parasites from British Food-fishes
Authors: Nicoll William
Published: June 2009

In September, 1908, an opportunity was afforded me of examining some of the larger food-fishes brought in to Aberdeen fish market. For this I have to thank the courtesy of Professor J. Arthur Thomson, who kindly provided the necessary laboratory accommodation, and was of great assistance to me in various other directions. I have also to thank the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society for defraying the expenses of procuring specimens.
Electron microscopy of Eimeria acervulina macrogametogony and oocyst wall formation
Authors: Pittilo R. M. , Ball S. J.
Published: June 2009

Macrogametogony and the formation of the oocyst wall has been examined in Eimeria acervulina. Macrogametes develop within a parasitophorous vacuole. Within the cytoplasm can be observed wall-forming bodies of Type I (WFBI). and Type II (WFBII), a nucleus, mitochondria, canaliculi and polysaccharide granules. WFBII are unusual in possessing a membrane internal to the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Formation of the outer layer of the oocyst wall is preceded by the separation of a veil membrane, and accompanied by morphological changes in the WFBI. WFBI material is deposited between the veil-forming membrane and the two cytoplasmic membranes. A newly formed membrane divides this outer layer during its early development. The inner layer of the oocyst wall is formed from WFBII material which is deposited between the cytoplasmic limiting membranes. The outer layer of the oocyst wall consists of granular and osmiophilic parts, but the inner layer of the wall is homogenous.
Herpetomonas aspongopi
Authors: Aders W. M.
Published: June 2009

During the winter of 1908, when working in the Wellcome Laboratories at Khartoum, Dr Balfour proposed that I should examine a number of parasites both of plants and animals in order to ascertain if the former were infested with any other species of parasite; in other words, to study what has been termed hyper-parasitism.
The Drug Treatment of Canine Piroplasmosis
Authors: Nuttall George H. F.
Published: June 2009

Before describing my further results in the treatment of canine piroplasmosis by aniline dyes, I desire to mention some earlier experiments, carried out by Italian investigators whose papers have until recently escaped my attention. The results of the Italian experiments are cited in considerable detail with a view to making it unnecessary for other workers to refer to the original papers which may be difficult of access. It is well to note that the authors in question give very little information concerning their experiments; thus Memmo, Martoglio and Adani are satisfied with giving mere clinical notes, whilst Levi della Vida omits a number of essential data from his protocols.
The Anatomy of Siphonophora rosarum, Walk., The “Green-fly” Pest of the Rose-Tree
Authors: Grove A. J.
Published: June 2009

The foregoing comparison of the anatomy of the apterous viviparous and the winged viviparous stages of S. rosarum although not revealing any very great differences, may be regarded as supporting the view that the apterous stage is a degeneration from the winged stage. The fact that so much similarity exists between the two forms is perhaps more easily explained by supposing that the habit of flight had become eliminated, possibly through disuse, resulting in the consequent atrophy and disappearance of the organs directly concerned with that function; for if the other view be considered, it would be reasonable to suppose that more specially marked differences in an upward direction would be the result of such a vital change in the habit of the creature. There is one point of difficulty, however, and that is to account for the difference in form of the alimentary canal, but, as has been already suggested, this may be due to other, quite different, and at present unknown, causes.
On Haematozoa Occurring in Wild Animals in Africa
Authors: Nuttall George H. F.
Published: June 2009

Owing to the courtesy of my friend, Mr W. F. Cooper, B.A., who prepared blood-films and organ smears from various wild animals shot by him in British East Africa in August, 1909, I am in a position to record three new parasites from the Jackal and Buffalo. Mr Cooper prepared the films as soon as possible after the animals were shot, using either absolute alcohol or heat for fixation. On arrival in Cambridge, the films were stained in the usual manner by Giemsa.
The Cure of Surra in Horses by the administration of Arsenic
Authors: Holmes J. D. E.
Published: June 2009

In a previous paper which appeared in Parasitology, Vol. III. pp. 73–07, and the Journal of Tropical Veterinary Science, Vol. n. No. I, details were given of thirty-two cases of successful treatment of Surra in horses by means of arsenic and its derivatives.
Normal and Abnormal Morphology of Trypanosoma lewisi, in the blood of the Rat
Authors: Swellengrebel N. H.
Published: June 2009

The development of T. lewisi in the blood of the rat is accompanied by a division of the nucleus which is more like an amitosis than a mitosis.

The division of the blepharoplast, always preceded by the division of a karyosome-like granule, might be called a promitosis (sensu: Nägler, 1909).

It is not proved that autogamy or parthenogenesis takes place in rats' blood or in cultures. The evidence brought forward by Prowazek and by Moore, Breinl and Hindle proves only the existence of chromidia; neither are Schilling's recent proofs suggestive.

Under abnormal conditions hypertrophy takes place affecting the nucleus and the blepharoplast, with subsequent formation of chromidia and final fragmentation. Similar stages found in the rat-louse have been described as sexual cells.

Considering these results in connection with previous observations of Strickland and myself, we may conclude that as yet nothing whatever indicates the occurrence of any sexual process in the life-cycle of T. levrisi, both in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.
Some remarks on the genera Crithidia, Herpetomonas and Trypanosoma
Authors: Porter Annie
Published: June 2009

In this brief note it is not my intention to enter into detailed criticism, but merely to express my surprise and that of other proto-zoologists, that the personal opinions of the Recorder should be allowed insertion in the Zoological Record (1909) which is also the International Catalogue of Zoological Scientific Literature. Against this procedure I beg to record an emphatic protest.
The probable mode of infection and the methods used in controlling an outbreak of equine trypanosomiasis (Murrina) in the Panama Canal zone
Authors: Darling S. T.
Published: June 2009

The methods so successfully used in ridding Panama of yellow fever and delimiting malarial fever have been equally valuable in checking an epidemic of Equine Trypanosorniasis in the Canal Zone.
An experiment in fumigation of ticks
Authors: Howard C. W.
Published: June 2009

So far as I have been able to find, very little work, if any, has been done to ascertain the resistance of ticks to the gases usually employed in fumigation. This is probably because fumigation for the destruction of ticks is not, under ordinary conditions, a practical method. There recently arose, however, a question at Lourenço Marques (Portuguese East Africa), as to whether ships bringing cattle from Madagascar could be cleaned of the ticks which might have dropped from the cattle and be thus rendered clean for use in the transport of clean cattle for breeding purposes. The port authorities possessed a “Clayton Fumigating Apparatus” for use in disinfecting plague-infected ships and it was suggested that this system be tried for the purpose. Several tests were accordingly carried out with the co-operation of the Chief of the Veterinary Service, the Port Doctor, Municipal Officer of Health, and several local medical men. The “Clayton” being a standard system of fumigation, I will not enter into a discussion of it.
Notes on entomological boxes
Authors: Maxwell-Lefroy H.
Published: June 2009

In Parasitology, Vol. III. p. 486, there is a description by F. M. Howlett of the paraffin boxes in use here for preserving pinned insects. As the description of these boxes is incomplete and not quite correct, it seems desirable to add a description which will enable others to make these boxes. We use teak boxes, of a standard size, well varnished within; when the varnish is dry, a piece of cork carpet cut to fit the box and previously enamelled white above, is laid ready to hand, a mixture of paraffin wax (melting point 136° F.) 80% and flake naphthaline 20% is kept melted and a small quantity is run into the box; the cork carpet is at once put in, and rolled down on the melted mixture which sets and holds it; more of the liquid is then run in, sufficient to cover the cork completely; this sets with an even smooth surface (the box being on a perfectly horizontal surface), and the box is ready when cold. This method has not only been tried but we have nearly 2000 boxes in use and are replacing all our papered boxes. To all who may wish to preserve insects in one place I recommend these boxes, but they are too heavy if one is moving and for that a lighter paraffined box is required.
A microfilaria (Microfilaria rosenaui n. sp.) from the California ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi)
Authors: McCoy George W.
Published: June 2009

The following is a brief description of a blood worm which was first observed by Mr J. W. Kehoe, one of the technical assistants at the Federal Laboratory. The parasite has been found in squirrels coming from almost all parts of California east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and between the Mexican border and the Sacramento River (between 33° and 38° North Latitude).
Ankylostomiasis in Grenada
Authors: Cockin R. P.
Published: June 2009

When, in June 1911, I took over the charge of the Colony and Yaws Hospitals at St George's, Grenada, I learned from the Medical Reports that ankylostomiasis was existent in the Colony—a dozen cases having been treated in the Colony Hospital for this disease during the previous year, and one case having been met and treated in one of the out-districts.
Some peculiar and probably Specific Bodies in the Erythrocytes in Rinderpest and another allied Disease
Authors: Braddon W. Leonard
Published: June 2009

The virus of rinderpest is present in the blood and all the body-fluids during the febrile period. In the blood it is so plentiful that the inoculation of a single drop of a 1 in 10,000 dilution is said to be sufficient to infect a calf. According to Nicolle and Adil Bey the causal agent is filterable, and therefore is supposed to be ultra-microscopic. Direct examination of fresh specimens reveals nothing parasitic, nor has anything of the kind been shown by various methods of staining of dried films.
Tri-radiate Taenia crassicollis Rud
Authors: Yoshida S. O.
Published: June 2009

Among other cestodes collected by me some years ago were specimens of the prismatic malformation of a tape-worm which I have recently examined. This abnormality in the taenioid group of cestodes has been frequently reported in Europe, especially in Taenia saginata, since Andry's case was first described in 1700. This malformation is known as Taenia ‘tridre,’ ‘triquestre,’ or ‘prismatique’ in French; as ‘dreikantige’ in German, and as ‘tri-radiate’ or ‘prismatic’ in English. But as far as my knowledge goes, we do not find a full description of any such abnormality in Taenia crassicollis, though a brief description of it was given by Bremser in 1819 and 1824. It is now recorded for the first time from Japan.
The Herter Lectures. III. Piroplasmosis
Authors: Nuttall George H. F.
Published: June 2009

The diseases included under the general term of piroplasmosis are amongst the most devastating which affect domesticated animals, and they are, consequently, of great economic importance. As far as known, all forms of piroplasmosis are tick-transmitted.
The Development of Piroplasma canis in Culture
Authors: Nuttall George H. F. , Graham-Smith G. S.
Published: June 2009

In the course of their investigations upon different species of Piroplasma numerous observers have kept infected blood in the ice-chest, or at room temperature, for various periods of time prior to the inoculation of animals. On the evidence afforded by microscopic examination alone some observers have concluded that the parasites are capable of considerable multiplication in defibrinated blood kept in vitro. Under these conditions many corpuscles undergo haemolysis and in consequence the parasites appear to be more numerous. We believe that this source of error explains the conclusions arrived at by Lignières and others with regard to the multiplication of P. bovis in extravascular blood (see p. 253).
Lernaeopoda globosa n. sp., a Parasitic Copepod of Scyllium canicula
Authors: Leigh-Sharpe W. Harold
Published: June 2009

Habitat and Record. On 10. iv. 1918 my attention was called to five specimens of Lernaeopoda occurring on Scyllium canicula obtained at Plymouth. The largest copepod was attached outside and about one inch ventral to the left spiracle. The other four were deeply concealed within the left nasal groove, so that the nasal flap had to be cut away in order to detach the parasites. These specimens exhibit characters of their own which seem to combine those of other established species. The most striking modification is that the ends of the attaching “arms” (2nd maxillae) are expanded into large discs on either side of a vestigial bulla, thus recalling L. bidiscalis Kane, 1892, though that species is described as possessing discs of a different conformation, and as having no bulla. In other respects they agree more with L. musteli Thomson, 1899, notably as to their small size, and the proportion of the arms to their trunk. But to these points I do not attach much importance, since both may be due to the confined space in which the parasites are domiciled.
The Cercariae of the Transvaal
Authors: Cawston F. G.
Published: June 2009

During the months of September, October, November and December 1917 I collected 1250 different specimens of fresh-water snails from various parts of the Transvaal, more especially from the sources of the Vaal and Crocodile rivers. All the larger specimens I submitted to microscopic examination for possible infection with cercariae. From the mud at the bottom of the Mooi river at Potchefstroom, which is a tributary of the Vaal, I came across some very finely preserved specimens of Unio caffer Krauss, a large number of which contained small pearls attached to the shell. The amount of lime in the bed of this river probably accounted for the perfect state of the umbones of these Uniones. Amongst the small stones at the bottom of the river I collected some remarkably large specimens of Corbicula radiata Parreyss. The river also contained some specimens of Pisidium, a much smaller variety, not yet identified. On the decomposing rushes at the edge of this river there were numerous specimens of Ancylus, for which Mr Henry C. Burnup has suggested the name Ancylus cawstoni; I have seen similar specimens at Klerksdorp and in the Hex river at Kustenburg, a branch of the Little Crocodile. All these specimens were free from cercarial infection.