bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence the use of community assets by people with physical disabilities: results of participatory mapping in Envigado, Colombia.
Authors: Toro-Hernandez Maria Luisa , Villa-Torres Laura , Mondragón-Barrera Mónica Alejandra , Camelo-Castillo Wendy
Published: October 2019

Background: Disability is an evolving concept that results from the complex interaction between a person with an impairment and the context in which he/she lives. There is limited understanding on the types, access and use of community assets valuable for people with disabilities, and the role of contextual factors in Colombia. Our goal with this work was to identify the factors at the levels of the socio-ecological framework, and their interaction, that influence the use of community assets among people with physical disabilities and community stakeholders in Envigado, Colombia.
Methods: Using participatory mapping, a community based participatory approach, we carried out an assessment of community assets identified by people with disabilities and rehabilitation professionals. In-depth interviews (n=32) informed the design of two asset mapping activities, one among people with disabilities (n=5)and a second with rehabilitation professionals(n=4). Results were presented in a community forum to receive feedback on the findings.
Results: Main findings indicate a chain of contextual factors that limit access and use of assets stemming from the personal (e.g. financial resources, inaccessible housing), interpersonal level (e.g. lack of a personal assistance or aid), and community levels (e.g. lack of accessible public transportation and inaccessible buildings). In most cases these barriers are heightened by system level barriers (e.g. lack of effective enforcement of the legal framework).
Conclusions: Identifying these contextual factors, and their interactions, calls for stronger enforcement of the existing legal framework through articulated work between different stakeholders, so that people with disabilities can enjoy community assets.
A pair-wise meta-analysis highlights circular RNAs as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Chen , He Xinli , Zhang Lele , Li Lanying , Zhao Wenzhao
Published: October 2019

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a special subset of endogenous RNAs that are implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Herein we aim to carry out a meta-analysis to evaluate the clinicopathologic, diagnostic and prognostic significance of circRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods: A systematic search of online databases was performed for original articles published in English, which investigated the diagnostic accuracy, prognostic utility, and clinicopathologic association of circRNA(s) in CRC. Data were strictly extracted and study bias was judged using the Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy II (QUADAS II) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklists.
Results: A total of 13 studies, involving 1430 patients with CRC, were included in the meta-analysis. The clinicopathologic study showed that abnormally expressed circRNAs were correlated with tumor diameter ( P = 0.0350), differentiation ( P = 0.0038), lymphatic metastasis ( P = 0.0119), distant metastasis ( P < 0.0001), TNM stage ( P = 0.0002), and depth of invasion ( P =0.001) in patients with CRC. The summary area under the curve (AUC) of circRNA for the discriminative efficacy between patients with and without CRC was estimated to be 0.79, corresponding to a weighted sensitivity of 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-0.79], specificity of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.64-0.70), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 7.52 (95%CI: 4.66-12.12). Survival analysis showed that highly expressed circRNAs were correlated with significantly worse overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.66, 95%CI: 2.03-3.50, P = 0.000; X 2 = 4.34, P = 0.740, I 2 = 0.0%], whereas lower expression of circRNAs was associated with prolonged OS (weighted HR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.17-0.53, P = 0.000; X 2 = 1.34, P = 0.909, I 2 = 0.0%). Stratified analysis in circRNA expression status, and test matrix also showed robust results.
Conclusion: Abnormally expressed circRNAs may be auxiliary biomarkers facilitating CRC diagnosis, and promising prognostic biomarkers in predicting the survival of CRC patients.
No relationship between dopamine D3 receptor gene Ser9Gly polymorphism (rs6280) and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of family-based association studies
Authors: Li Xiao-na , Zheng Ji-long , Wei Xiao-han , Wang Bao-jie , Yao Jun
Published: October 2019

Background

Ser9Gly (rs6280) is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human dopamine receptor D3 gene (DRD3). It is still controversial that whether Ser9Gly is involved in the occurrence of schizophrenia. Thus, a meta-analysis of family-based studies was performed to explore the role of Ser9Gly in the etiology of schizophrenia.Methods

The published family-based association studies were searched from the relevant literature databases according to the established inclusion criteria. We generated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in order to determine the strength of the relationship between Ser9Gly SNP and the occurrence of schizophrenia.Results

We finally pooled up 13 family-based association studies between Ser9Gly SNP and schizophrenia. It contained 11 transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) studies with 1219 informative meiosis and 5 haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) studies. There were no statistical significance for the heterogeneity in TDT and HHRR studies. Therefore, the fixed effect model was used to measure the pooled effect size. The results showed that neither of the associations between Ser9Gly and the risk of schizophrenia were observed in TDT (1219 samples, OR=1.005, 95% CI = 0.898-1.125, Z-value = 0.086, p = 0.932) and HHRR studies (1704 samples, OR=0.869, 95% CI = 0.713-1.059, Z-value = -1.395, p = 0.163), except for the significantly preferential transmission of DRD3 Ser9 allele in East Asian in TDT studies (204 samples, OR=0.744, 95% CI = 0.564-0.980, Z-value = -2.104, p = 0.035).Conclusions

Our meta-analysis found no association between DRD3 gene Ser9Gly polymorphism and the risk of schizophrenia. However, more effects need to further confirm the function of DRD3 Ser9Gly SNP in the occurrence of schizophrenia.
Relation between quantity and quality of peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue and its underlying hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis
Authors: Du Yu , Yang Lin , Liu Yan , Yang Bangguo , Lv Sai , Hu Chenping , Zhu Yong , Zhang Hongkai , Ma Qian , Wang Zhijian , Liu Yuyang , Shi Dongmei , Zhao Yingxin , Xu Lei , Zhou Yujie
Published: October 2019

Background: We aimed to investigate the association of lesion-specific epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and density with the presence of lesion ischemia.
Methods: We enrolled 45 patients (55 lesions) with known or suspected coronary artery disease who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) followed by invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment within 30 days. EAT volume (index) and density in patient-, vessel- and lesion-level were measured on CTA images. Lesion-specific ischemia was defined as a lesion with stenosis diameter >90% or FFR ≤0.80. Multivariate analysis determined the independent association of EAT parameters with lesion ischemia.
Results : Mean age of the patients was 60 years, and 75% were male. Overall, 55.6% of patients had ischemic lesions and a mean FFR baseline value of 0.82±0.10. Total EAT volume index was significantly higher in patients with functionally or anatomically significant stenosis. Specifically, peri-lesion EAT volume index, not the density, was positively correlated with lesion-specific ischemia independent of luminal stenosis and plaque characteristics (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.33, P=0.032; per 0.1 ml/m 2 increase). Moreover, peri-lesion EAT volume was negatively correlated with lesion FFR values, whereas total EAT volume was positively correlated with fat accumulation and glucose metabolism. In addition, there was no association of EAT volume or density with lesion ischemia in vessel-level analysis.
Conclusions: Lesion-specific EAT volume index, but not density, seems positively and independently associated with lesion ischemia, while its incremental diagnostic value of lesion ischemia should be further investigated.
Understanding the natural organic matter removal mechanism from mine and surface water through the electrocoagulation method
Authors: Snehi Shivam , Singh Hariraj , Priya Tanwi , Mishra Brijesh Kumar
Published: October 2019

In the present study, the concept of ‘Sample alteration of surface water’ has been employed to improve the efficiency of the aluminum-based electrocoagulation (EC) treatment method for the removal of reactive fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) from chlorinated water. The characteristics of surface water have been slightly modified by adding mine water in different ratios. The process has been optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) considering pH, current density, mix ratio, and contact time as factors. At the optimized condition, the EC method has significantly reduced total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and UV254 absorbance values up to 24%, 27%, and 80%, respectively. The cumulative impact of sample alteration and EC method has exhibited outstanding coagulant activity in terms of UV254 abs, DOC, turbidity, phenol, and absorbance slope index (ASI) as well. A decrease in ASI values indicated the reduction of trihalomethane's formation in water-containing chlorine. This was validated by reduced chlorine demand. It can be concluded that mixing mine water with surface water can be a feasible and efficient method for treating water with a high NOM content.
Linear model of water movements for large-scale inverted siphon in water distribution system
Authors: Zhonghao Mao , Guanghua Guan , Zhonghua Yang , Ke Zhong
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a linear model that relates the pressure head variations at the downstream end of an inverted siphon to the flow rate variations at two ends. It divides the pressure head variations in the inverted siphon into low-frequency part and high-frequency part. The two parts are caused by the deformation of the siphon wall and the reflection of acoustic wave, respectively. In order to build a simplified relation between wall deformation and low-frequency pressure head variations, the Preissmann slot method (PSM) is adopted in this paper. The linear model can also be used in other forms of structures, such as pipes and tunnels, where a pressurized flow condition is present. In comparison with simulation results using the finite volume method, the linear model shows an L2 norm of 0.177 for a large-scale inverted siphon and 0.044 for a PVC pipe. To this end, the linear model is adopted to model a large-scale inverted siphon in a virtual water delivery system. Simulation results show that the inverted siphon can reduce water fluctuations. An equation to quantify this effect is proposed based on the linear model.
Streptokinase: An Efficient Enzyme in Cardiac Medicine
Authors: Zia Muhammad A.
Published: October 2019

:

An imbalance in oxygen supply to cardiac tissues or formation of thrombus leads to
deleterious results like pulmonary embolism, coronary heart disease and acute cardiac failure. The
formation of thrombus requires clinical encounter with fibrinolytic agents including streptokinase,
urokinase or tissue plasminogen activator. Irrespective to urokinase and tissue plasminogen
activator, streptokinase is still a significant agent in treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Streptokinase, being so economical, has an important value in treating cardiac diseases in
developing countries. This review paper will provide the maximum information to enlighten all the
pros and cons of streptokinase up till now. It has been concluded that recent advances in
structural/synthetic biology improved SK with enhanced half-life and least antigenicity. Such
enzyme preparations would be the best thrombolytic agents.
Development, Recent Achievements and Current Directions of Research into GABA Uptake Inhibitors
Authors: Zaręba Paula , Gryzło Beata , Mazur Gabriela , Malawska Barbara
Published: October 2019

Neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a principal role in the regulation of
mammalian central nervous system functions. GABA evoked neurotransmission is terminated by a
rapid uptake via dependent plasma membrane GABA transporters (GATs) located in the cell
membrane. Potent inhibitors of these GATs are of fundamental importance for elucidation of the
physiological function of these targets. Over recent years, a wide range of new GAT1-selective and
less common non-GAT1-selective inhibitors have been successfully developed. This review
highlights development and recent significant achievements in the field of GABA reuptake inhibitors.
Special attention is paid to their pharmacological roles, structure and subtype selectivity relationships.
Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Fruit Extracts on Diet-Induced Obesity in Rodents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ballard Cíntia R. , Galvão Tais F. , Cazarin Cinthia B.B. , Maróstica Mário R.
Published: October 2019

Background::

Obesity is a complex condition of high prevalence and cost to the public health system. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of natural products, such as polyphenol-rich fruit extracts, for use in the treatment of obesity. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the metabolic effects of polyphenol-rich fruit extracts on diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to identify preclinical studies that assessed polyphenol-rich fruit extracts compared to placebo on DIO in rodents in December 2018. Two researchers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of studies. Meta-analyses of standardized mean difference (SMD) of outcomes were calculated in Stata 11, and causes of heterogeneity were assessed by meta-regression.

Results:

We included 14 studies in the systematic review and 13 studies with 21 matched groups in the metaanalysis. Polyphenol-rich fruit extracts reduced the total body weight gain (SMD = -1.48; confidence interval: - 1.95, -1.01), energy intake (SMD = -0.42; -0.67, -0.17), visceral adipose tissue (SMD = -0.96; -1.25, -0.66), triglycerides (SMD = -1.00; -1.39, -0.62), cholesterol (SMD = -1.18, -1.66, -0.69), LDL- c (SMD = -1.15; -1.65, - 0.65), fasting glucose (SMD = -1.05; -1.65, -0.46), and fasting insulin (SMD = -1.40; -1.80, -1.00) when compared to vehicle.

Conclusion:

Polyphenol-rich fruit extract had positive effects on weight gain, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance at different doses, and fruit source in male mice.
Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase and Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibition of Novel Amino acid-functionalized Stigmasterol and Ursolic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Seixas Nalin , Dalcol Ionara I. , Ravanello Bruno , Alessio Keiti , Duarte Fábio A. , Bender Vanessa , Morel Ademir F.
Published: October 2019

Triterpenes and phytosterols are classes of natural compounds widespread in
plants possessing a great number of pharmacological activities. In our continued search
for new compounds from natural sources with pharmacological potential, we prepared a
series of novel stigmasterol and ursolic acid (UA) derivatives by coupling with L-proline,
L-cysteine and L-glutamic acid. Unlike stigmasterol, the eight derivatives obtained
showed good inhibitory capacity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or prolyl oligopeptidase
(POP). Among these derivatives, we highlight 3 and 5 with IC50 values of 99.0 ± 8.8
and 97.5 ± 5.0 µM against AChE, respectively, and derivative 8 with a POP IC50 value of
75.7 ± 6.3 µM. The ursolic acid derivative 19 was the most promising compound of its
class, with IC50 against AChE of 98.3 ± 7.7 µM. These results demonstrate that simple
structural modifications on triterpenes and phytosterols can enhance their performance as enzymatic inhibitors.
Current Approaches to Drug Discovery for Chagas Disease: Methodological Advances
Authors: Scarim Cauê B. , Chin Chung M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

In recent years, there has been an improvement in the in vitro and in vivo
methodology for the screening of anti-chagasic compounds. Millions of compounds can now have
their activity evaluated (in large compound libraries) by means of high throughput in vitro
screening assays.

Objective:

Current approaches to drug discovery for Chagas disease.

Method:

This review article examines the contribution of these methodological advances in
medicinal chemistry in the last four years, focusing on Trypanosoma cruzi infection, obtained from
the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Results:

Here, we have shown that the promise is increasing each year for more lead compounds
for the development of a new drug against Chagas disease.

Conclusion:

There is increased optimism among those working with the objective to find new drug
candidates for optimal treatments against Chagas disease.
Role of Adenosine Kinase Inhibitor in Adenosine Augmentation Therapy for Epilepsy: A Potential Novel Drug for Epilepsy
Authors: Wang Xiongfei , Li Tianfu
Published: October 2019

Epilepsy, an ancient disease, is defined as an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic
seizures and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition.
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are currently used as first-line treatment for patients with epilepsy;
however, around 36% of patients are diagnosed with refractory epilepsy, which means two or more
AEDs have been considered as failed after sufficiently correct usage. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that
the improvement of the efficacy of AEDs will be easily achieved, especially since no AEDs show efficacy
in ceasing epileptogenesis. Consequently, several endogenous anticonvulsants attract investigators
and epileptologists, such as galanin, cannabis, and adenosine.

Astrogliosis is a neuropathological hallmark of epilepsy, whatever the etiology is, and astrogliosis is
frequently associated with overexpression of adenosine kinase, which means downregulation of synaptic
levels of adenosine. Consequently, adenosine is negatively regulated by adenosine kinase
through the astrocyte-based cycle. On the other hand, focal adenosine augmentation therapy, using
adenosine kinase inhibitor, has been proved to be effective for reducing seizures in both animal models
and in vitro human brain tissue resected from a variety of etiology of refractory epilepsy patients.
In addition to reducing seizures, adenosine augmentation therapy can also palliate co-morbidities, like
sleep, cognition, or depression. Of importance, transgenic mice with reduced ADK were resistant to
epileptogenesis induced by acute brain injury. In terms of translation, based on findings of adenosinerelated
epileptogenic mechanisms, the application into clinical practice seems to be feasible by molecular
strategies that have been already experimentally implemented, including gene and RNA interference.

In the present review, we will focus on the evidence of ADK dysfunction in the epileptic brain from
human beings and animals, and review the role of ADK inhibitor in adenosine augmentation therapy
and the underlying mechanism of prevention of epileptogenesis.
Neutrophilic Asthma and Potentially Related Target Therapies
Authors: Nair Pranav , Prabhavalkar Kedar S.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Neutrophilic asthma is generally associated with the absence of eosinophils
and activation of non- predominant type 2 immunological pathways. It involves bronchial inflammation
followed by different degrees of airway remodeling. Neutrophilic inflammation activates specific
cellular and molecular pathways due to inhalation of environmental trigger factors such as exhaust
fumes, cigarette smoke, occupation-related agents, and infections.

Objective:

This review discusses the involvement of neutrophils in asthma and potentially related target
therapies.

Results:

Corticosteroid resistance is the hallmark of neutrophilic asthma which increases disease severity
and leads to difficult-to-control asthma. Patients with neutrophil-dominant asthma are characterized
by low levels of (or absence of) Th2 cytokines. Due to the shortage of effective treatments for
neutrophilic asthma newer biologics are being developed that target type 2 asthma symptoms and phenotypes.
Understanding different biomarkers, inflammatory pathways and treatment strategies involved
in neutrophilic asthma will help to decrease adverse effects related to corticosteroid insensitivity.
Better insight of targets involved in neutrophilic inflammation can lead to improved therapies.

Conclusion:

Further evaluation and clinical trials of emerging biologics involved in neutrophilic
asthma needs to be performed before bringing them into clinical practice.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Takala Hajra , Yang Qiwei , El Razek Ahmed M. Abd , Ali Mohamed , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: October 2019

Lifestyle factors, such as alcohol intake, have placed a substantial burden on
public health. Alcohol consumption is increasing globally due to several factors including
easy accessibility of this addictive substance besides its legal status and social
acceptability. In the US, alcohol is the third leading preventable cause of death (after
tobacco, poor diet and physical inactivity) with an estimated 88,000 people dying from
alcohol-related causes annually, representing 1 in 10 deaths among working adults.
Furthermore, the economic burden of excess drinking costs the US around $249 billion
($191.1 billion related to binge drinking). Although men likely drink more than women do,
women are at much higher risk for alcohol-related problems. Alcohol use is also
considered to be one of the most common non-communicable diseases, which affects
reproductive health. This review article summarizes the current knowledge about
alcohol-related pathogenesis of uterine fibroids (UFs) and highlights the molecular
mechanisms that contribute to the development of UFs in response to alcohol
consumption. Additionally, the effect of alcohol on the levels of various factors that are
involved in UFs pathogenesis, such as steroid hormones, growth factors and cytokines,
are summarized in this review. Animal studies of deleterious alcohol effect and future
directions are discussed as well.
Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis of 2, 3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones Involving Three-Component Reaction of Isatoic Anhydride, Amines and Pyrazole Carbaldehydes Catalyzed by [γ-Fe2O3@HAp-SO3H]
Authors: Sina Kiana F. , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Moghadam Kurosh R. , Nikpassand Mohammad , Rasa Mahdi
Published: October 2019

The combination of [γ-Fe2O3@HAp-SO3H] as a catalyst and ultrasonic effect catalyzed the
synthesis of diverse derivatives of 2, 3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones which is reported in this study.
The products were synthesized via the one-pot three-component reaction of isatoic anhydride, amines
and pyrazole carbaldehydes in water: EtOH catalyzed by recoverable [γ-Fe2O3@HAp-SO3H]. This paper
conducted an investigation of the effect of various solvents, temperatures and catalysts on the reactions.
Short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, the desired yields and the use of
an appropriate catalyst are the advantages of this novel method. The new derivatives were validated by
using FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial
activity against bacterial strains.
Synthesis Procedure and Industrial Applications of NaY Zeolite for Various Processes: A Review
Authors: Firouzjaee Mahjoobeh Hajitabar , Taghizadeh Majid
Published: October 2019

Faujasite Y zeolites, due to their outstanding properties, have numerous applications in the
chemical industries like petroleum refining, adsorption, FCC, petrochemical, aromatic alkylation,
natural gas dehydration, separation, and environmental protection. The astonishing properties include
high surface area, high porosity, high thermal stability and large ion-exchange capacity. In this review
study, a summary of different synthesis techniques of this type of zeolite has been addressed.
Different kinds of techniques like seeding, free template, organic template, increasing the alkali
treatment and temperature control methods are described. Subsequently, because of its important role
as a catalyst for different processes, the application of this zeolite was reviewed for different chemical
processes.
The Computational Analysis Conducted on miRNA Target Sites in Association with SNPs at 3’UTR of ADHD-implicated Genes
Authors: Abdi Adel , Zafarpiran Mina , Farsani Zeinab S.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent chronic
neuropsychiatric disorder in which different factors including environmental, genetic, and epigenetic
factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. One of the effective epigenetic factors is
recognized as MicroRNAs (miRNAs). On the other hand, it has been indicated that the single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNPs) present within 3'UTR (3' untranslated region) of mRNAs can influence
the regulation of miRNA-mediated gene and susceptibility to a diversity of human diseases.

Methods:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the SNPs within the 3'UTR of miRNA target
genes associated with ADHD. 3'UTR genetic variants were identified in all genes associated with
ADHD using DisGeNET, dbGaP, Ovid, DAVID, Web of knowledge, and SNPs databases.
miRNA's target prediction databases were applied in order to predict the miRNA binding sites.
124 SNPs with MAF>0.05 were identified located in the binding site of the miRNA of 35 genes
amongst 51 genes associated with ADHD.

Results:

Bioinformatics analysis predicted 81 MRE (miRNA recognition elements)-creating
SNPs, 101 MRE-breaking SNPs, 61 MRE-enhancing SNPs, and finally predicted 41 MREdecreasing
SNPs in the 3'UTR of ADHD-implicated genes. These candidate SNPs within these
genes miRNA binding sites can alter the miRNAs binding, and consequently, lead to mRNA gene
regulation.

Conclusion:

Therefore, these miRNA and MRE-SNPs may play important roles in ADHD, and
because of that, they would be valuable for further investigation in the field of functional verification.
Polymorphism of Secretary PLA2G2A Gene Associated with Its Serum Level in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Northern Iran
Authors: Khajeniazi Safoura , Marjani Abdoljalal , Shakeri Raheleh , Hakimi Safoura
Published: October 2019

Background:

Inflammation may occur in Type2 diabetes mellitus. sPLA2 is among the factors that contribute to the activation of pathways involved in inflammation. Several agents affect serum sPLA2 level, one of which is genetic diversity.

Objective:

The current study was performed to determine whether there is a relationship between sPLA2 gene (−763C > G) polymorphism and circulating sPLA2 level in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

DNA was extracted from blood samples and used for the amplification of sPLA2 gene using ARMS-PCR.

Results:

A statistical analysis using SPSS (version 16) revealed a significant correlation between −763C > G sPLA2 gene polymorphisms and the disease incidence in patients with T2DM. Among the three possible genotypes (GG, CC, and CG), CG genotype was found to have a higher frequency(53%) in T2DM patients. GG and CC genotypes frequencies were 20 and 27%, respectively. In healthy individuals, the frequencies of CC, GG, and GC genotypes were 77, 9.8% and 13.2%, respectively). Patients with genotype GG had the highest level of sPLA2. We showed that C>G polymorphism at position– 763 is associated with a high level of sPLA2 in both T2DM patients and healthy individuals. The average of sPLA2 circulating level was (170.48± 84.90), (106.62 ± 74.31), in patients and normal individuals, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our findings show that sPLA2 serum level is significantly higher in patients with T2DM disease than that in healthy individuals.
A Review on the Effects of New Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Platelet Function
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Atkin Stephen L. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: October 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular complications account for the majority of deaths caused by
diabetes mellitus. Platelet hyperactivity has been shown to increase the risk of thrombotic events and is
a therapeutic target for their prevention in diabetes. Modulation of platelet function by diabetes agents
in addition to their hypoglycemic effects would contribute to cardiovascular protection. Newly
introduced antidiabetic drugs of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon like
peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors may have anti-platelet
effects, and in the case of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA may contribute to their proven cardiovascular benefit
that has been shown clinically.

Objective:

Here, we reviewed the potential effects of these agents on platelet function in diabetes.

Results and Conclusion:

GLP-1RA and DPP-4i drugs have antiplatelet properties beyond their primary
hypoglycemic effects. Whilst we have little direct evidence for the antiplatelet effects of SGLT2
inhibitors, some studies have shown that these agents may inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the
risk of thrombotic events in diabetes.
Study of Antifungal Susceptibility, Virulence Genes and Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans
Authors: Shrief Raghdaa , Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , El-Sehsah Eman Mousa , Ghaleb Sara , Mofreh Mohamed
Published: October 2019

Background:

Candida albicans has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. The morbidity and mortality associated with this pathogen are related to the presence of virulence genes and antifungal resistance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of antifungal resistance, biofilm formation and some virulence genes such as ALS1, PLB1, INT1, SAP1 and HWP1, among clinical isolates of Candida albicans recovered from immunocompromised patients.

Methods:

The study included one hundred C. albicans isolates identified phenotypically and by a molecular technique using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The identified C. albicans was further subjected to antifungal study by the microdilution method, biofilm study and molecular study for virulence genes by PCR.

Results:

The resistance to antifungal drugs, fluconazole, caspofungin and itraconazole was 8% for each of them and for amphotericin B, it was 9%. The prevalence of the studied virulence genes was HWP1 77%, INT1 72%, ALS1 65%, SAP1 65% and PLB1 52%. The biofilm capacity was identified by the microplate method in 58% of C. albicans. The OD was intense in 20 isolates, moderate in 21 isolates and mild in 17 isolates. There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of the studied virulence genes INT1, ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 and PLB1 among biofilm forming C. albicans as compared to non-biofilm forming isolates (P=0.0001). Additionally, the resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole and caspofungin was statistically, significantly higher in C. albicans with the capacity to form biofilm as compared to non-biofilm forming C. albicans.

Conclusion:

The present study highlights the prevalence of resistance to antifungal drugs among C. albicans which are not uncommon. Moreover, there was a high prevalence of INT1, ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 and PLB1 genes in C. albicans. The resistance to antifungal drugs was common among isolates with the capacity to form the biofilm. There was an association between the biofilm formation and virulence genes.
A Smart Mobile Health Tool Versus a Paper Action Plan to Support Self-Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boer Lonneke , Bischoff Erik , van der Heijden Maarten , Lucas Peter , Akkermans Reinier , Vercoulen Jan , Heijdra Yvonne , Assendelft Willem , Schermer Tjard
Published: October 2019

Background

Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from exacerbations, a worsening of their respiratory symptoms that warrants medical treatment. Exacerbations are often poorly recognized or managed by patients, leading to increased disease burden and health care costs.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effects of a smart mobile health (mHealth) tool that supports COPD patients in the self-management of exacerbations by providing predictions of early exacerbation onset and timely treatment advice without the interference of health care professionals.

Methods

In a multicenter, 2-arm randomized controlled trial with 12-months follow-up, patients with COPD used the smart mHealth tool (intervention group) or a paper action plan (control group) when they experienced worsening of respiratory symptoms. For our primary outcome exacerbation-free time, expressed as weeks without exacerbation, we used an automated telephone questionnaire system to measure weekly respiratory symptoms and treatment actions. Secondary outcomes were health status, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, health care utilization, and usability. For our analyses, we used negative binomial regression, multilevel logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation regression models.

Results

Of the 87 patients with COPD recruited from primary and secondary care centers, 43 were randomized to the intervention group. We found no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in exacerbation-free weeks (mean 30.6, SD 13.3 vs mean 28.0, SD 14.8 weeks, respectively; rate ratio 1.21; 95% CI 0.77-1.91) or in health status, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, and health care utilization. Patients using the mHealth tool valued it as a more supportive tool than patients using the paper action plan. Patients considered the usability of the mHealth tool as good.

Conclusions

This study did not show beneficial effects of a smart mHealth tool on exacerbation-free time, health status, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, and health care utilization in patients with COPD compared with the use of a paper action plan. Participants were positive about the supportive function and the usability of the mHealth tool. mHealth may be a valuable alternative for COPD patients who prefer a digital tool instead of a paper action plan.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02553096; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02553096.
Experiences of a Web-Based Quality of Life Self-Monitoring Tool for Individuals With Bipolar Disorder: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Morton Emma , Hole Rachelle , Murray Greg , Buzwell Simone , Michalak Erin
Published: October 2019

Background

Self-monitoring of symptoms is a cornerstone of psychological interventions in bipolar disorder (BD), but individuals with lived experience also value tracking holistic outcomes, such as quality of life (QoL). Importantly, self-monitoring is not always experienced positively by people with BD and may have lower than expected rates of engagement. Therefore, before progressing into QoL tracking tools, it is important to explore user perspectives to identify possible risks and benefits, optimal methods to support engagement, and possible avenues to integrate QoL self-monitoring practices into clinical work.

Objective

This study aimed to conduct a qualitative exploration of how individuals with BD engaged with a Web-based version of a BD-specific QoL self-monitoring instrument, the QoL tool.

Methods

A total of 43 individuals with BD engaged with a self-management intervention with an optional Web-based QoL self-assessment tool as part of an overarching mixed method study. Individuals were later interviewed about personal experiences of engagement with the intervention, including experiences of gauging their own QoL. A thematic analysis was used to identify salient aspects of the experience of QoL self-monitoring in BD.

Results

In total, 4 categories describing people’s experiences of QoL self-monitoring were identified: (1) breadth of QoL monitoring, (2) highlighting the positive, (3) connecting self-monitoring to action, and (4) self-directed patterns of use.

Conclusions

The findings of this research generate novel insights into ways in which individuals with BD experience the Web-based QoL self-assessment tool. The value of tracking the breadth of domains was an overarching aspect, facilitating the identification of both areas of strength and life domains in need of intervention. Importantly, monitoring QoL appeared to have an inherently therapeutic quality, through validating flourishing areas and reinforcing self-management efforts. This contrasts the evidence suggesting that symptom tracking may be distressing because of its focus on negative experiences and positions QoL as a valuable adjunctive target of observation in BD. Flexibility and personalization of use of the QoL tool were key to engagement, informing considerations for health care providers wishing to support self-monitoring and future research into Web- or mobile phone–based apps.
Delayed Auditory Feedback and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Treatment for the Enhancement of Speech Fluency in Adults Who Stutter: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Moein Narges , Mohamadi Reyhane , Rostami Reza , Nitsche Michael , Zomorrodi Reza , Ostadi Amir , Keshtkar Abbasali
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Stuttering is a complex speech disorder that affects speech fluency. Recently, it has been shown that noninvasive brain stimulation may be useful to enhance the results of fluency interventions in adults who stutter. Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is a method to enhance speech fluency in individuals who stutter. Adjunctive interventions are warranted to enhance the efficacy of this intervention.

OBJECTIVE

Individuals who stutter have pathological activation patterns in the primary and secondary auditory areas. Consequently, in this study, we hypothesize that stimulation of these areas might be promising as an adjunctive method to fluency training via DAF to enhance speech therapy success in individuals with a stutter. We will systematically test this hypothesis in this study.

METHODS

This study is designed as a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. All participants will receive DAF. The intervention group will additionally receive real transcranial direct current stimulation, while the control group will be exposed to sham stimulation. The assignment of the participants to one of these groups will be randomized. Before starting the treatment program, 2 preintervention assessments will be conducted to determine the severity of stuttering. Once these assessments are completed, each subject will participate in 6 intervention sessions. Postintervention assessments will be carried out immediately and 1 week after the last intervention session. Subsequently, to explore the long-term stability of the treatment results, the outcome parameters will be obtained in follow-up assessments 6 weeks after the treatment. The primary outcome measurement—the percentage of stuttered syllables—will be calculated in pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments; the secondary outcomes will be the scores of the following questionnaires: the Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering.

RESULTS

This protocol was funded in 2019 and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences in June 2019. Data collection started in October 2019. As of February 2020, we have enrolled 30 participants. We expect data analysis to be completed in April 2020, and results will be published in summer 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

We anticipate that this study will show an adjunctive effect of transcranial direct current stimulation, when combined with DAF, on stuttering. This should include not only a reduction in the percentage of stuttered syllables but also improved physical behavior and quality of life in adults who stutter.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03990168; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03990168

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16646
Consumers’ acceptance of an online tool with personalized health risk-benefit communication about seafood consumption (Preprint)
Authors: Minnens Fien , Marques António , Domingo José L. , Verbeke Wim
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Seafood is widely recognized as an important component of a healthy diet. As we gain more knowledge on contaminants in seafood, concerns are being raised over the risks associated and there is a communication dilemma concerning the nutritional-toxicological conflict. Although health benefits outweigh the risks for the general population, there is a need for caution concerning more vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children. In order to tailor messages based on consumers’ profile and consumption pattern, online tools grant new opportunities, as consumers are increasingly using the internet to obtain health and nutrition information. The interactive FishChoice tool was developed within the ECsafeSEAFOOD FP7 project and aims to inform consumers on the health benefits and risks linked to their weekly dietary pattern regarding seafood.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study is to assess the acceptance of the FishChoice tool.

METHODS

An online survey was undertaken in five European countries, namely Belgium, Norway, Spain, Portugal and Ireland (n=703; 25 to 65 years). The used conceptual framework is a modified Technology Acceptance Model introduced for measuring the acceptance of websites.

RESULTS

The majority of consumers agreed that the tool is useful and easy to use. About two thirds of consumers who assessed the tool agreed they would use the information when choosing seafood species, portion size or frequency of consumption. Heavy seafood consumers also have higher intentions to use the tool.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides preliminary evidence that for risk-benefit communication about seafood, online tailored tools such as FishChoice are evaluated as user-friendly and useful for a broad group of seafood consumers. Similar tools can be used in situations where no general recommendations can be made and risk communication should be targeted. Further research should determine the long term impact of these communication messages and tools on consumers’ behavior, especially on vulnerable groups.
Anomalous Weak Values Without Post-Selection
Authors: Abbott Alastair A. , Silva Ralph , Wechs Julian , Brunner Nicolas , Branciard Cyril
Published: October 2019

A weak measurement performed on a pre- and post-selected quantum system can result in an average value that lies outside of the observable's spectrum. This effect, usually referred to as an ``anomalous weak value'', is generally believed to be possible only when a non-trivial post-selection is performed, i.e., when only a particular subset of the data is considered. Here we show, however, that this is not the case in general: in scenarios in which several weak measurements are sequentially performed, an anomalous weak value can be obtained without post-selection, i.e., without discarding any data. We discuss several questions that this raises about the subtle relation between weak values and pointer positions for sequential weak measurements. Finally, we consider some implications of our results for the problem of distinguishing different causal structures.
SUKSESI VEGETASI PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN EMAS RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN MONTERADO KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG
Authors: Isnaniarti U Nur , Ekyastuti Wiwik , Ekamawanti Hanna Artuti
Published: October 2019

This study aims to obtain information about the succession levels of natural vegetation on ex – community gold mining in Monterado. The method of this research was survey method through vegetation analysis by double plot size 20 m x 20 m. Placement of plots dileberately based on the tailing period of ex – community gold mining which were : < 1 year, 2-3 years, 5-7 years, and > 10 years. The result showed that kinds of shrub found in all age level of ex – community gold mining area. The type of woody plants at the seedling found in all period of ex – community gold mining area, whereas sapling, pole and tree only found in ex – community gold mining at age level > 10 years. Based on the vegetation analysis, it showed that Ischaemum rugosum and Melastoma malabathricum L. dominanted at all age level of ex – community gold mining. Seedling in the ex – community gold mining at all age level were dominanted by Dillenia suffruticus. The index of species diversity showed that it was still low on ex – community gold mining in Monterado.Until the age of tailing > 10 years, succession was still in the level of competition, so it was concluded to be slow. To accelerate succession, revegetation, land restoration, and people awareness should be undertaken.Keyword : community gold mining, Monterado Sub district, Succession
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS ROTAN DI KECAMATAN SELIMBAU KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL DANAU SENTARUM
Authors: Santoso Edi , Fahrizal . , Ardian Hafiz
Published: October 2019

Forest is a form of ecosystem containing a stretch of land dominated by trees in a natural environment , that cannot be separated ( forestry law about 41). Rattan is one of forest by products growing naturally in the majority of indonesia, forest and was one of the results forest non wood very large role in meeting the needs of people and foreign exchange revenue for the country, so that immediate action is further as identification of rattan in west borneo, especially in the area a national park lake sentarum. The purpose of this research is to identify of rattan ( palmae ) in the lake sentarum national park. Benefits research to provide information about the types contained in selimbau area in a national park lake sentarum to the need for the benefit of operation, preservation, and development. This report is written with uses the method of exploration and a collection of flora cruiser conducted in such a way , in conducting an observation made four lines cruising with long 500 meters while for the distance between the field in accordance with the condition. Fifth the route is track observation A , the observation B , the observation C , and the observation D . A kind of found in domination by the genus Calamus where with a total individual the most ( 4 kind of to 8 individuals ) , in follow by the genus Daemonorops ( two types of with 7 individuals ) , the genus Korthalsia ( three types of to 4 individuals ) , the genus Plectocomiopsis ( two types of with 2 individuals ). Keyword : Danau Sentarum National Park, Identification, Rattan
Proposta pedagógica para utilização do filme Bicho de Sete Cabeças na perspectiva da saude mental e redução de danos do uso abusivo de drogas
Authors: Coelho Francisco José Figueiredo , Barros Marcelo Diniz Monteiro de , Assis Talita de
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio descreve uma proposta pedagógica para utilização do filme brasileiro Bicho de sete cabeças, promovendo debates sobre a saúde mental e o uso abusivo de drogas entre os jovens. O  audiovisual conta a história de um adolescente que gosta de desafios, como fumar maconha e pichar muros da cidade. O drama familiar atinge seu ápice quando seus pais decidem interná-lo num hospital psiquiátrico. Partindo dessa película, essa proposta metodológica foi construída, sustentada pela experiência docente dos autores em diálogo com a literatura.  Pela sua amplitude, pode ser utilizada na educação básica e no ensino superior, inclusive pelos familiares. Atende as demandas da LDB e dos PCN, abarcando possibilidades de aliar o filme com outros audiovisuais  e  ferramentas (como letras de música e charges) de acesso gratuito. A proposta convida os adolescentes a falarem sobre drogas sem medo, buscando oportunizar conhecer mais sobre o assunto e reduzir danos à saúde.