bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suitability of Automated Writing Measures for Clinical Trial Outcome in Writer's Cramp
Authors: Bukhari‐Parlakturk Noreen , Lutz Michael W. , Al‐Khalidi Hussein R. , Unnithan Shakthi , Wang Joyce En‐Hua , Scott Burton , Termsarasab Pichet , Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Calakos Nicole
Published: October 2022

Background

Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is a rare disease that causes abnormal postures during the writing task. Successful research studies for WC and other forms of dystonia are contingent on identifying sensitive and specific measures that relate to the clinical syndrome and achieve a realistic sample size to power research studies for a rare disease. Although prior studies have used writing kinematics, their diagnostic performance remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of automated measures that distinguish subjects with WC from healthy volunteers.

Methods

A total of 21 subjects with WC and 22 healthy volunteers performed a sentence‐copying assessment on a digital tablet using kinematic and hand recognition softwares. The sensitivity and specificity of automated measures were calculated using a logistic regression model. Power analysis was performed for two clinical research designs using these measures. The test and retest reliability of select automated measures was compared across repeat sentence‐copying assessments. Lastly, a correlational analysis with subject‐ and clinician‐rated outcomes was performed to understand the clinical meaning of automated measures.

Results

Of the 23 measures analyzed, the measures of word legibility and peak accelerations distinguished subjects with WC from healthy volunteers with high sensitivity and specificity and demonstrated smaller sample sizes suitable for rare disease studies, and the kinematic measures showed high reliability across repeat visits, while both word legibility and peak accelerations measures showed significant correlations with the subject‐ and clinician‐rated outcomes.

Conclusions

Novel automated measures that capture key aspects of the disease and are suitable for use in clinical research studies of WC dystonia were identified. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Chorioretinal atrophy following voretigene neparvovec despite the presence of fundus autofluorescence
Authors: Kolesnikova Masha , Lima de Carvalho Jose Ronaldo , Parmann Rait , Kim Angela H. , Mahajan Vinit B. , Tsang Stephen H. , Sparrow Janet R.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) type 2, due to disease‐causing variants in RPE65, is characterized by severe visual loss in early infancy. Current treatments include voretigene neparvovec‐rzyl (VN) for RPE65‐associated LCA. Herein, we present the long‐term follow‐up of a patient treated with VN using quantitative autofluorescence (488 nm excitation).

Case Report

A 9‐year‐old girl with a diagnosis of LCA with biallelic variants in RPE65 presented for evaluation. The patient underwent VN treatment at the age of 11. The patient returned to clinic at age of 19 at which time imaging revealed evidence of chorioretinal atrophy. Quantitative autofluorescence performed prior to gene therapy and at 6‐ and 8‐year follow‐up revealed a central area of fundus autofluorescence.

Discussion

This case report demonstrates acquisition of fundus autofluorescence at 6‐ and 8‐year follow‐up despite the development of chorioretinal atrophy.
PGNet: Projection generative network for sparse‐view reconstruction of projection‐based magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Wu Xiangjun , He Bingxi , Gao Pengli , Zhang Peng , Shang Yaxin , Zhang Liwen , Zhong Jing , Jiang Jingying , Hui Hui , Tian Jie
Published: October 2022

Background

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel tomographic imaging modality that scans the distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. However, it is time‐consuming to scan multiview two‐dimensional (2D) projections for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction in projection MPI, such as computed tomography (CT). An intuitive idea is to use the sparse‐view projections for reconstruction to improve the temporal resolution. Tremendous progress has been made toward addressing the sparse‐view problem in CT, because of the availability of large data sets. For the novel tomography of MPI, to the best of our knowledge, studies on the sparse‐view problem have not yet been reported.

Purpose

The acquisition of multiview projections for 3D MPI imaging is time‐consuming. Our goal is to only acquire sparse‐view projections for reconstruction to improve the 3D imaging temporal resolution of projection MPI.

Methods

We propose to address the sparse‐view problem in projection MPI by generating novel projections. The data set we constructed consists of three parts: simulation data set (including 3000 3D data), four phantoms data, and an in vivo mouse data. The simulation data set is used to train and validate the network, and the phantoms and in vivo mouse data are used to test the network. When the number of novel generated projections meets the requirements of filtered back projection, the streaking artifacts will be absent from MPI tomographic imaging. Specifically, we propose a projection generative network (PGNet), that combines an attention mechanism, adversarial training strategy, and a fusion loss function and can generate novel projections based on sparse‐view real projections. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose a deep learning method to attempt to overcome the sparse‐view problem in projection MPI.

Results

We compare our method with several sparse‐view methods on phantoms and in vivo mouse data and validate the advantages and effectiveness of our proposed PGNet. Our proposed PGNet enables the 3D imaging temporal resolution of projection MPI to be improved by 6.6 times, while significantly suppressing the streaking artifacts.

Conclusion

We proposed a deep learning method operated in projection domain to address the sparse‐view reconstruction of MPI, and the data scarcity problem in projection MPI reconstruction is alleviated by constructing a sparse‐dense simulated projection data set. By our proposed method, the number of acquisitions of real projections can be reduced. The advantage of our method is that it prevents the generation of streaking artifacts at the source. Our proposed sparse‐view reconstruction method has great potential for application to time‐sensitive in vivo 3D MPI imaging.
Noninvasively differentiating acute and chronic nephropathies via multiparametric urea‐CEST, nuclear Overhauser enhancement‐CEST, and quantitative magnetization transfer MRI
Authors: Shin Soo Hyun , Wendland Michael F. , Wang Jingshen , Velasquez Mark , Vandsburger Moriel H.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Standardized blood tests often lack adequate sensitivity and specificity to capture the gradual progression of renal injuries. We suggest a multiparametric molecular MRI approach as a noninvasive tool for monitoring renal function loss and distinguishing different types of renal injuries.

Methods

CEST and quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging were performed on cisplatin (n = 16) and aristolochic acid (AA)‐induced nephropathy (n = 22) mouse models at 7T with an infusion of either saline or urea. Seven‐pool Lorentzian fitting was applied for the analysis of CEST Z‐spectra, and the T1‐corrected CEST contrast apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX) from urea (+1 ppm) and two nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) pools (−1.6 and −3.5 ppm) were measured. Similarly, qMT spectra were fitted into two‐pool Ramani equation and the relative semi‐solid macromolecular pool‐size ratio was measured. Histology of mouse kidneys was performed to validate the MR findings.

Results

AA model showed disrupted spatial gradients of urea in the kidney and significantly decreased NOE CEST and qMT contrast. The cisplatin model showed slightly decreased qMT contrast only. The orrelation of MR parameters to histological features showed that NOE CEST and qMT imaging are sensitive to both acute and chronic injuries, whereas urea CEST shows a significant correlation only to acute injuries.

Conclusion

These results indicate that our multiparametric approach allows comprehensive and totally noninvasive monitoring of renal function and histological changes for distinguishing different nephropathies.
Fast bound and pore water mapping of cortical bone with arbitrary slice oriented two‐dimensional ultra‐short echo time
Authors: Harkins Kevin D. , Ketsiri Thammathida , Nyman Jeffry S. , Does Mark D.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Extend fast, two‐dimensional (2D) methods of bound and pore water mapping in bone to arbitrary slice orientation.

Methods

To correct for slice profile artifacts caused by gradient errors of half pulse 2D ultra‐short echo time (UTE), we developed a library of predistorted gradient waveforms that can be used to interpolate optimized gradient waveforms for 2D UTE slice selection. We also developed a method to estimate and correct for a bulk phase difference between the two half pulse excitations used for 2D UTE signal excitation. Bound water images were acquired in three healthy subjects with adiabatic inversion recovery prepared 2D UTE, while pore water images were acquired after short‐T2 signals were suppressed with double adiabatic inversion recovery preparation. The repeatability of bound and pore water imaging with 2D UTE was tested by repeating acquisitions after repositioning.

Results

The library‐based interpolation of optimized slice select gradient waveforms combined with the method to estimate bulk phase between two excitations provided compact slice profiles for half pulse excited 2D UTE. Quantitative bound and pore water values were highly repeatable—the pooled SD of bound water across all three subjects was 0.38 mol H/L, while pooled SD of pore water was 0.30 mol H/L.

Conclusion

Fast, quantitative, 2D UTE‐based bound and pore water images can be acquired at arbitrary oblique orientations after correcting for errors in the slice select gradient waveform and bulk phase shift between the two half acquisitions.
Thermal characterization of epoxy bilayer hybrid composites reinforced with kenaf and oil palm fibers
Authors: Hanan Farah , Khan Tabrej , Jawaid Mohammad , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Sebaey Tamer , Singh Balbir , Sarmin Siti Noorbaini
Published: October 2022

Natural fiber‐based materials are widely accepted in the composite sector as a substitute for synthetic fiber, particularly in structural and semi‐structural implementations in the automotive and aerospace industries, reflecting a recent trend and increased awareness of the importance of sustainable product design. Hand lay‐up was used to create natural fiber bilayer hybrid composites with epoxy matrix reinforcing oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and kenaf fiber matting. The overall effect of this hybridization of the natural fiber and the thermal characterizations were studied experimentally. Both the hybrid combinations kenaf fiber and oil palm EFB were made by maintaining the fiber loading at 50% (weight) and weight ratios at 1:1, 1:4 and 4:1. The Tan delta, loss modulus (E″), storage modulus (E′), and Cole‐Cole plot were found to be useful in investigating dynamic mechanical properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis results like coefficient of performance and Cole‐Cole plot clearly show that hybrid pure kenaf composite has the significant complex modulus because interfacial bond between fiber and matrix is strong. As a result, it has been determined that kenaf fibers have the best mixing ratio for improving the dynamic mechanical properties of these hybrid type composites and can be used for aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering applications requiring high dimensional stability and excellent mechanical properties. The thermal gravimetric analysis data demonstrated that as compared to pure, the kenaf fibers and hybrid oil palm empty fruit bunch composites have the best thermal stability, with the highest beginning and ultimate breakdown temperatures of 200 and 450°C, respectively.
Predictors and Moderators of Quality of Life in Male Users of Anti‐Aging Products
Authors: Machado Ana Mónica , Vilaça Margarida , Patrão Ana Luísa , Pereira M. Graça
Published: October 2022

For most individuals, changes occurring during the aging process may cause dissatisfaction and concerns regarding body image, with implications on quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of sociodemographic and psychological variables and the type of anti‐aging products/treatments on men's QoL, as well as to evaluate the moderating role of aging perceptions in the relationship between psychological morbidity and QoL. This study used a cross‐sectional design and included a sample of 111 male participants who used anti‐aging cosmetic products/aesthetic treatments. Participants were assessed on body image, self‐esteem, psychological morbidity, aging perceptions, traits of perfectionism, and QoL. Results suggested that psychological morbidity and perceptions of the aging process as chronic negatively contributed to QoL, and emotional representations of aging moderated the relationship between psychological morbidity and QoL. According to the findings, psychological intervention programs to improve QoL should focus on men with higher levels of psychological morbidity and more negative emotional responses to the aging process.
Plasma‐induced inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: The role of atomic oxygen and comparison with disinfectants and antibiotics
Authors: Nandula Seshagiri R. , Kondeti Vighneswara S. S. K. , Phan Chi , Wang Jianan , Penningroth Mitchell R. , Granick Jennifer L. , Bruggeman Peter J. , Hunter Ryan C.
Published: October 2022

Microbial biofilms are of critical concern because of their recalcitrance to antimicrobials. Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) represent a promising biofilm remediation strategy as they generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), but mechanisms underpinning CAP‐biofilm interactions remain unknown. We assess the impact of treatment modality on biofilm inactivation and show that CAP killing of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms is dependent on treatment conditions, including solution chemistry. In dry treatments, biofilms are locally ablated due to plasma‐produced O flux. For saline‐submerged biofilms, while we show that ClO− is generated at high concentrations in larger treatment volumes, CAP inactivation at low ClO− concentrations implicates other reaction pathways. Finally, we demonstrate CAP efficacy over conventional antimicrobials, underscoring its promise as a biofilm treatment approach.
Standardizing electronic health record ventilation data in the pediatric long‐term mechanical ventilator‐dependent population
Authors: Kanbar Lara J. , Dexheimer Judith W. , Zahner Janet , Burrows Evanette K. , Chatburn Robert , Messinger Amanda , Baker Christopher D. , Schuler Christine L. , Benscoter Dan , Amin Raouf , Pajor Nathan
Published: October 2022

Background

Sharing data across institutions is critical to improving care for children who are using long‐term mechanical ventilation (LTMV). Mechanical ventilation data are complex and poorly standardized. This lack of data standardization is a major barrier to data sharing.

Objective

We aimed to describe current ventilator data in the electronic health record (EHR) and propose a framework for standardizing these data using a common data model (CDM) across multiple populations and sites.

Methods

We focused on a cohort of patients with LTMV dependence who were weaned from mechanical ventilation (MV). We extracted and described relevant EHR ventilation data. We identified the minimum necessary components, termed “Clinical Ideas,” to describe MV from time of initiation to liberation. We then utilized existing resources and partnered with informatics collaborators to develop a framework for incorporating Clinical Ideas into the PEDSnet CDM based on the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP).

Results

We identified 78 children with LTMV dependence who weaned from ventilator support. There were 25 unique device names and 28 unique ventilation mode names used in the cohort. We identified multiple Clinical Ideas necessary to describe ventilator support over time: device, interface, ventilation mode, settings, measurements, and duration of ventilation usage per day. We used Concepts from the SNOMED‐CT vocabulary and integrated an existing ventilator mode taxonomy to create a framework for CDM and OMOP integration.

Conclusion

The proposed framework standardizes mechanical ventilation terminology and may facilitate efficient data exchange in a multisite network. Rapid data sharing is necessary to improve research and clinical care for children with LTMV dependence.
What Guides Knowledge Work in the Library? Maps, Routines, and Workarounds
Authors: Freeburg Darin , Klein Katie
Published: October 2022

Knowledge work in the library is guided by a complex array of maps that outline how work should be done, who should do it, and how staff should think and behave. These maps originate from human and non‐human actors in the work system, including management, staff, patrons, technology, and physical space. In this study, six public library staff engaged in think‐alouds and semi‐structured interviews aimed at learning more about the function and content of these maps, how these maps were acquired, the challenges staff faced in trying to follow these maps, and how staff responded to these challenges. Results suggest how library management can support staff as they attempt to navigate the affordances and constraints of these maps—work that is key to sustained library resilience.
Characterizing Peer Review Comments of Academic Articles in Multiple Rounds
Authors: Han Ruxue , Zhou Haomin , Zhong Jiangtao , Zhang Chengzhi
Published: October 2022

Peer review can evaluate the quality of academic articles involving the evaluation of some aspects, e.g., methodology, experiment, and aspects are usually the critical sections, substance and properties of the article concerned by reviewers. Previous research on content mining of peer review did not distinguish the round of reviews. Detecting differences peer review comments among different rounds can help us to understand the focus change of the reviewers in the different rounds. This paper takes the Nature Communications as an example to build the corpora of peer reviews in multiple rounds. We correlate review rounds and citations and extract aspects from the corpora to analyze the round characteristics of review comments. We find that there is no significant correlation between the review rounds and the citations frequency, but when the number of rounds is within 1–3, there is a weak positive correlation between the review rounds and citations. Additionally, the reviewers tend to pay more attention to the results analysis and the significance of the work firstly, and then they will focus on the details of the article, such as diagrams. This study can provide new ideas for peer review mining and the application of bibliometrics.
Sharing Research Design, Methods and Process Information in and out of Academia
Authors: Huvila Isto , Sinnamon Luanne
Published: October 2022

An interview study of (N=) 16 senior researchers at a major Canadian research university shows that researchers use a broad range of means to share information about research process, methods and design to different audiences. The purpose of sharing information on these aspects of research is to enable redoing and replicating earlier studies, to preserve knowledge of how studies were conducted, to understand data, and because of the social pressure to share. Time as a barrier and distance to overcome, disciplinary and contextual variation have a major impact on sharing. In the light of the findings, a one size fits all approach is unlikely to succeed. It is critical to choose appropriate methods that help to focus on what is relevant to share in particular disciplinary contexts, and for specific audiences and goals of transparency.
Editorial Behaviors for Biasing Wikipedia Articles
Authors: Morris‐O’Connor Danielle , Strotmann Andreas , Zhao Dangzhi
Published: October 2022

As the vital source of information on the Web that it has long become, Wikipedia (WP) has developed detailed policies and guidelines for contributing to it as well as for resolving conflicts with a goal to ensure that all important viewpoints are represented fairly and supported by trustworthy published resources. However, WP has long been criticized for systemic biases in its content, which are often implemented and maintained through the use of these same WP policies and guidelines. The present study explores editorial behaviors of a selected editor who succeeded in biasing a set of WP articles. By selecting an editor to examine through a big‐data approach, this study can serve as an objective crosscheck for previously reported tactics for introducing and maintaining bias observed from personal experiences of disputes on WP, and could provide evidence to generate empirically grounded hypotheses concerning editorial practices indicative of bias. It was found that editorial behavior around deletion and erasure is an important strategy for implementing and maintaining bias on WP, and WP policies and guidelines are used to support and validate the silencing of other voices.
Everyday Information Behavior of Marginalized Communities in the Global South: Informal Transportation as Example
Authors: Fourie Ina , Agarwal Naresh K. , Sonnenwald Diane H. , Julien Heidi , Rorissa Abebe , Detlor Brian
Published: October 2022

Information science is increasingly focused on giving voice to marginalized communities, improving their daily lives, and contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). However, challenges facing marginalized communities in the Global South are less frequently investigated, yet of great importance. Millions of people depend on information for essential everyday life activities such as transportation. Successful, timely daily commuting between home and work influences financial stability, family time, and safety. Everyday life information behavior as a research lens can reveal information activities, influencing factors, information sources, and contexts applying to informal transportation use by poorer socio‐economic groups. Theories of information behavior such as information poverty and information horizons can shed light. Understanding information behavior contexts, and how to bridge the digital divide and promotion of networking, sharing, and learning for marginalized populations through community‐led digital literacy training can help tailor interventions.
Health Information Crisis during COVID‐19 in the South Asian Region: Challenges, Experiences, Resilience, and Collaborative Efforts
Authors: Gala Bhakti , Islam Md. Anwarul , Gamage Ruwan , Agarwal Naresh Kumar
Published: October 2022

The fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic is as much an information war as it is a medical war. Members from South Asia and the Asia Pacific countries share their experiences and challenges faced with collaborative responses for the ASIS&T Special Chapter funded project on “Dealing with COVID‐19 and saving people’s lives in South Asia (SA) areas & beyond—A Health Informatics Promotion Project” awarded to the South Asia Chapter in 2021. The panel discusses the challenges faced within the context of geopolitical, socio‐economic, religious, and cultural conditions prevalent within their countries. In the first 40 minutes, panel members narrate their own experiences by sharing their personal stories about this collaborative project and share the challenges of content creation and promotion from within the context of their respective countries. The next 30 minutes will be facilitated by the panel chair inviting a discussion between panel members and the audience to engage and come up with innovative ideas, discuss challenges in creating multilingual content and suggestions for improving the project outcome as well as shed light on initiating future health informatics project in similar regions. The last 20 minutes will culminate with the summarization of these collaborative experiences.
The Influence of Personality Traits in Human‐Humanoid Robot Interaction
Authors: Chien Shih‐Yi , Chen Chih‐Ling , Chan Yao‐Cheng
Published: October 2022

With the advancement of science and technology, humanoid robots have been gradually adopted in human society. Given the human‐like appearance, the perceived personality of a humanoid robot can affect humans' general perceptions of the robotic agent, and even task performance. However, limited research pays attention to examining how a humanoid robot's non‐verbal cues characterize its personality traits. To solve this gap, this research aims to investigate how to use humanoid robots’ non‐verbal features (textual and gestural information) to develop different kinds of personality attributes, and how these personality characteristics affect human‐robot interaction. A total of 255 participants were recruited for this research, including pilot tests and two rounds of lab studies examining different levels of task complexity. The empirical results reveal the developed gestural cues allow a humanoid robot to distinguishably convey extrovert, ambivert, and introvert personality traits, where the perceived traits significantly affect user intentions to interact with the humanoid robot.
Researching the Knowledge Journey Practices of Indigenous Elders Relevant to the Younger Generation: A Community‐Based Participatory Study
Authors: Haines Jelina
Published: October 2022

This research translates, synthesizes, and ethically disseminates living culture, tradition and history, integrating Storytellers' voices, experiences, adaptability, tolerance, and resilience shared in their unique social and cultural context. Understanding Indigenous knowledge complexity is paramount; therefore, the video ethnographic structure’s community‐based participatory research principles are employed, highlighting the importance of cultural ethics and protocols. Contextually underpinning “Weave and Talk” or “Lakun Wanyali Thungari” as a novel tool for dialogic video interviews. With outcome privileging the Ngarrindjeri Storytellers’ standpoint, integrating appropriate research methodologies to ethically provide transmissible information resources for the knowledge continuity and posterity of Ngarrindjeri cultural stories and communal practices.
Implementing Indigenous Data Sovereignty: Insights from Legislative Reform in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Oliver Gillian , Lilley Spencer , Cranefield Jocelyn , Lewellen Matthew
Published: October 2022

Achieving data sovereignty is a critical concern for Indigenous communities worldwide and should be considered essential for an information‐resilient society. Māori‐led initiatives in Aotearoa New Zealand have successfully raised awareness of the issues concerned and led to considerable progress being made towards implementing Māori data sovereignty principles in the public sector. The process of updating the statute requiring the collection and use of official data and statistics has provided the opportunity to embed those principles in legislation. Analysis of the submissions made on the draft Data and Statistics Bill provides a unique window on very different perspectives with regard to Indigenous data sovereignty and how it should be realised. Findings show a range of views expressed by key stakeholders, provide insight that will be relevant for Indigenous data sovereignty initiatives in other countries, and raise awareness of issues that deserve attention from the information science community.
A Survey of Undergraduate Engineering Students' Personal Information Management Practices
Authors: Dodson Samuel
Published: October 2022

Personal information management (PIM) includes the activities and preferences that support future information use. PIM is especially important in the context of engineering education, where learners are expected to engage with a substantial amount of information. This paper builds on the findings of a research project on the information practices of undergraduate engineering students, examined through multiple qualitative and quantitative methods (Dodson, 2021). This paper reports on one aspect of the project, an online questionnaire (n = 103). Findings suggest learners regularly engage in PIM activities, and experience different degrees of challenge when managing multiple types of information.
Supporting Prosocial Behaviour in Online Communities through Social Media Affordances
Authors: Kelly Dominique , Liu Yifan , Mayhew Alex , Chen Yimin , Cornwel Sarah E. , Delellis Nicole S. , Rubin Victoria L.
Published: October 2022

Affordances are action possibilities that emerge from the relationship between the properties of an object and an interacting agent's capabilities. This poster examines how one type of affordance—anonymity—is enabled or constrained by six features of social media platforms. Our work is one step in a broader agenda to: (1) identify affordances that influence users' behaviour in online communities; (2) outline the social media features that enable or constrain those affordances; and, (3) experimentally determine whether certain affordances, or combinations of affordances, support prosocial behaviour. Prosocial behaviour in information and communication technologies (ICTs) is broadly viewed here as benefiting other individuals in online communities, which in turn could increase the subjective well‐being (SWB) of the community's members. SWB is characterized by high positive affect, low negative affect, and high life satisfaction.
A User Study in a Pandemic: Some Lessons Learned
Authors: Rogers Kristine M. , Trubey Emily , Oard Douglas W.
Published: October 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, some research that otherwise would have been conducted in person pivoted to online platforms. This poster paper describes lessons learned from an online study of information behavior by individuals with long‐term information needs, focusing on what was learned about how to conduct such a study online. Broadly, three themes are evident: (1) Trust mechanisms were weaker than would be expected for an in‐person study, resulting in greater coordination difficulties; (2) What seemed to be a fair reimbursement rate appears to have provided an outsized incentive for fraud; and (3) Zoom proved to be sufficiently capable as a platform for remote use of software for a study that had not originally been designed with remote use in mind.
What Are Public Libraries For? Culture As a Determinant of Conceptualizations of Public Library Services for Forced Migrants
Authors: Salzano Rachel , Brazier David , Hall Hazel , Webster Gemma
Published: October 2022

Public libraries offer important services for newcomer populations, including forced migrants. They help facilitate the integration of forced migrants into the host country, increase their levels of trust within new communities, and build social capital. To date, however, the determinants of forced migrant engagement with public library services has been left unexplored. Here the impact of culture on conceptualizations of public library services, and the role of this on the adoption and use of public library services, is investigated using the Theory of information worlds. The analysis is based on data collected in semi‐structured interviews with 30 UK service gatekeepers for forced migrants. Thematic analysis identified three conceptualizations of public library services as: (1) leisure services, that (2) offer information services, (3) as part of a larger system that includes other functions such as immigration and policing. These conceptualizations impact service use and, importantly, non‐use. Further contributions of the work include the proposal that Maslow's (1943) Hierarchy of needs may serve as a moderating variable for the five societal elements of the Theory of information worlds, and practical recommendations for public library staff keen to increase forced migrant engagement with the services that they offer.
Maintaining Repositories, Databases, and Digital Collections in Memory Institutions: An Integrative Review
Authors: Thomer Andrea K. , Starks Joseph R. , Rayburn Alexandria , Lenard Michael C.
Published: October 2022

Database maintenance and migration are critical but under‐supported activities in libraries, archives, museums (LAMs), and other scholarly spaces. Existing guidelines for digital curation rarely account for the maintenance needed to keep digital curation infrastructures functioning over time. Though many case studies have been published describing individual instances of migration, there has been little generalizable research done in this area. Thus, it is challenging to understand overall trends or best practices in this space. We bridge this gap by conducting an integrative literature review of papers describing database migrations and maintenance in LAMs and other scholarly contexts. By qualitatively coding 75 articles from 58 publication venues, we identify common motivations for database migrations and maintenance actions. We find that databases are migrated to support changing user needs as well as to ward off technological obsolescence; we also find that common challenges include schema crosswalking and a need for data cleaning. Practitioners describe community collaboration as key in surmounting these challenges. Through this integrative review, we build a base for further best practices development and identify a need to better model database curation as part of the digital curation lifecycle.
Peptide‐based covalent inhibitors of protein–protein interactions
Authors: Paulussen Felix M. , Grossmann Tom N.
Published: October 2022

Protein–protein interactions (PPI) are involved in all cellular processes and many represent attractive therapeutic targets. However, the frequently rather flat and large interaction areas render the identification of small molecular PPI inhibitors very challenging. As an alternative, peptide interaction motifs derived from a PPI interface can serve as starting points for the development of inhibitors. However, certain proteins remain challenging targets when applying inhibitors with a competitive mode of action. For that reason, peptide‐based ligands with an irreversible binding mode have gained attention in recent years. This review summarizes examples of covalent inhibitors that employ peptidic binders and have been tested in a biological context.
Mechanism of capmatinib degradation in stress conditions including degradation product characterization using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry and stability‐indicating analytical method development
Authors: Bhangare Dhiraj , Rajput Niraj , Jadav Tarang , Sahu Amit Kumar , Sengupta Pinaki
Published: October 2022

Rationale

Capmatinib (CMT) has been recently approved for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Till date, the degradation mechanism of CMT in different stress conditions is not known. Moreover, degradation products (DPs) of the drug are yet to be identified. Characterization study on degradation products of CMT has not been reported before. Furthermore, no previously reported literature is available on the stability‐indicating method of CMT.

Methods

Owing to the lack of such scientific reports, we developed a sensitive, stability‐indicating method for CMT which can resolve it from all its degradation products. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH Q2 [R1]) guideline. We studied and established the degradation mechanism of CMT in different stress conditions. One degradation product (DP2) was isolated and characterized using 1H NMR.

Results

The degradation products (DP1, DP2 and DP3) of the drug have been identified and characterized for the first time by using high‐resolution mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. CMT was found to become degraded under acidic, basic and photolytic stress conditions in the solution phase to yield three major DPs. The drug was found to be stable in neutral hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal stress conditions.

Conclusions

DP1 was formed under acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions, whereas DP2 and DP3 were formed under photolytic conditions. Characterization of all the DPs has been carried out to establish their structures and understand the molecular mechanism behind the degradation of the drug. Few studies reported quantitative analysis of CMT and its metabolites in biological fluids. However, this is the first study to identify the unknown DPs of CMT and the mechanism of its degradation. Moreover, this article reports a stability‐indicating analytical method for CMT which has not yet been reported in any literature.
Stealthy switching attacks on sensors against state estimation in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Huo Jian‐Ru , Li Xiao‐Jian
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on designing sensor attacks to deteriorate the state estimation in cyber‐physical systems. The scenario that the malicious attack signals can be injected into different but limited number of sensor communication channels is considered. The state estimation error variations and innovation variations are adopted to measure attack performance and attack stealthiness, respectively. A switching attack strategy is proposed, under which the estimation error variations are driven to the predesigned target value and the norm of innovation variations remains at a small level. The switching attack design problem is formulated as a discrete switched optimal control problem which can be solved by dynamic programming, while the computational burden is heavy. To overcome this difficulty, by using pruning technique to remove the redundant matrices generated in dynamic programming, the quadratic optimization problem becomes numerically tractable. In this way, the suboptimal attack signal sequence and switching sequence can be acquired. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed attack strategy.
The role of affluence, urbanization, and human capital for sustainable forest management in China: Robust findings from a new method of Fourier cointegration
Authors: Yilanci Veli , Ulucak Recep , Zhang Yaoqi , Andreoni Valeria
Published: October 2022

Affluence and planned urbanization may have a crucial role in conserving forests and decreasing forest footprint with rising awareness and human development. Productivity rise from technological progress is key to facilitating the underlying mechanisms of theoretically expected changes in all those processes. They are seen as an alternative way to transform the current habits into one that is conservative and respectful to the environment while keeping the economic welfare at the same time. By following the theoretical underpinnings of such expectations, this article investigates how the development changes of China have impacted on the forest footprint. In this frame, the study is an attempt to empirically inquire underlying mechanisms of the forest transition hypothesis, which supports the idea that affluence, urbanization, human capital, and productivity can help to save forests. The transition process is depicted by a hump‐shaped curve mostly attributed to the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the literature. The period 1961–2017 is particularly relevant as it precedes and follows the Chinese open‐door policy of the 1980s. This study reaches robust findings and new insights for sustainable forest management. Results show that income growth did not contribute to reducing the forest footprint, as the forest footprint has increased with income rises. On the contrary, urbanization, human capital, and total factor productivity have reduced the forest footprint. Based on the evidence provided, policymakers should devote increasing attention to education that serves human capital formation, and efficiency gains for sustainable forestry simultaneously.
P‐53: A Study on Conceptual Design in Foam Tape of Curved Display using Topology Optimization
Authors: Kim Min-Gu , Lee Kyung-Ah , Kim Hyun-Jun , Seo Yu-Deok , Kim Yong-Jo
Published: October 2022

In this study, we proposed an optimal foam tape design for the assembly of curved display modules using topology optimization. We constructed the lifetime prediction model of the foam tape by verifying the correlation between the stress and the failure time with the revised power model. Two optimal designs were derived through a 2‐step topology optimization process by constructing constraints with a life prediction model. We manufactured the curved display module using the optimal design and verified its performance.
Design Aspects of a Continuous Flow Photocatalytic Reactor and its Application to Degrade Methylene Blue and Textile Wastewater
Authors: Sahoo Chittaranjan , Panda Binod Bihari , Gupta Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2022

A continuous flow photocatalytic reactor was developed by combining the reaction kinetics and mass balance concept. The concept of cascade aerator was also considered in designing it as a stepped reactor. The reactor was used to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by Ag+ doped TiO2 (2 g/L) under UV irradiation by 15 W UV lamps (254 nm). Methylene blue solution (20 ppm) was found to be decolorized by >99, 97, 85 and 57 % under flow rates of 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 L/h, respectively after 120 minutes. The corresponding mineralization was >80, 78, 75 and 54 %, respectively. At higher flow rates (Re number 208.2 and 415.5) >99 % decolourization was achieved by recycling the solution 5 and 7 times with fresh doses of photocatalyst. At steady state, maintained by repeating the addition of photocatalyst at fixed time intervals, the dye solution could be decolourized continuously by >99, 97 and 76 % at flow rates of 1, 2 and 3 L/h, respectively while the mineralization was >82, 79 and 62 %, respectively. The reactor was also effectively used to mineralize textile wastewater collected from a textile mill in Kolkata. The mineralization was greater than 75, 73 and 64 % at flow rates of 1, 2 and 3 L/h, respectively after 120 minutes. The efficiency of the reactor depended upon the residence time of the contaminant in the reactor. At steady state, the design data simulated well with the corresponding experimental data.
Biomimetic Mineralization of Metal Ion‐Doped Lipase into ZIF‐8 Framework for Enhanced Hydrolytic Activity in Biphasic System
Authors: Lin Jiale , Cheng Yongfa , La,i Oi‐Ming , Tan Chin‐Ping , Panpipat Worawan , Shen Cai , Cheong Ling‐Zhi
Published: October 2022

Present work encapsulated metal ion dopped‐Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) into ZIF structure through biomimetic mineralization and evaluated hydrolytic activity of the immobilized lipase using a biphasic system. Magnesium ion (Mg2+) doped‐CRL with high hydrolytic activity (237 % of free CRL) was successfully synthesized. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed Mg2+ doping has changed the conformation of CRL resulted in enhanced structural stability of CRL. The synthesized CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 had a mesoporous (3.88 nm) structure with good crystallinity. Mg2+ doping increased the catalytic activity, substrates affinity (lower Km of 0.4102 mM) and catalytic stability of immobilized CRL. Catalytic activity of CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 (0.25±0.012 U) was two‐fold higher than that of CRL@ZIF‐8 (0.10±0.008 U). The synthesized CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 was used in biosensing of a protox‐inhibiting herbicides (nitrofen) in fruit samples. CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 can be used for biosensing of nitrofen with wide detection range (0‐50 μM), low detection limit (0.47 μM) and good recovery rate.
Surface Characterization of the Solution‐Processed Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Zhao Han , Ma Kang , Li Jianmin , Fu Yikai , Qin Ying , Zhao Dongbing , Dai Haitao , Hu Zhixin , Sun Zhixiang , Gao Hong‐Ying
Published: October 2022

The surface properties of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites can strongly affect the efficiency and stability of corresponding devices. Even though different surface passivation methods are developed, the microscopic structures of solution‐processed perovskite film surfaces are not systematically studied. This study uses low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to study the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films, MA0.4FA0.6PbI3 and MAPbI3, synthesized by the spin‐coating method. Flat surface structures, atomic steps, and crystal grain boundaries are resolved at an atomic resolution. The surface imperfections are also characterized, as well as the dominant defects. Simulations on different types of iodine vacancy configurations are performed by density functional theory calculations. In addition, it is observed that the surface iodine lattice structure is unstable during scanning. Tip scanning can also cause the vertical migration of surface iodine ions. The measurements provide the direct visualizations of the surface imperfections of the solution‐processed perovskite films. They are essential for understanding the surface‐related optoelectronic effects and rationally designing more efficient surface passivation methods.
Multifunctional Epoxy‐Based Electronic Packaging Material MDCF@LDH/EP for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption, Thermal Management, and Flame Retardancy
Authors: Qian Yongxin , Luo Yubo , Haruna Abubakar Yakubu , Xiao Bo , Li Wang , Li You , Xiong Tianshun , Jiang Qinghui , Yang Junyou
Published: October 2022

The sharp reduction in size and increase in power density of next‐generation integrated circuits lead to electromagnetic interference and heat failure being a key roadblock for their widespread applications in polymer‐based electronic packaging materials. This work demonstrates a multifunctional epoxy‐based composite (MDCF@LDH/EP) with high electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy performance. In which, the synergistic effect of porous structure and heterointerface promotes the multiple reflection and absorption, and dielectric loss of EMW. A low reflection loss of −57.77 dB, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.20 GHz are achieved under the fillings of only 10 wt%. Meanwhile, a 241.4% enhanced thermal conductivity of EP is due to the high continuous 3D melamine‐derived carbon foams (MDCF), which provides a broad path for the transport of phonons. In addition, MDCF@LDH/EP composite exhibits high thermal stability and flame retardancy, thanks to the physical barrier effect of MDCF@LDH combined with the high temperature cooling properties of NiAl‐LDH‐CO32−. Compared with pure epoxy resin, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release rate are reduced by 19.4% and 30.7%, respectively. Such an excellent comprehensive performance enables MDCF@LDH/EP to a promising electronic packaging material.