bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia and aging: molecular mechanisms, diseases, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Nisar Ayesha , Khan Sawar , Li Wen , Hu Li , Samarawickrama Priyadarshani Nadeeshika , Gold Naheemat Modupeola , Zi Meiting , Mehmood Sardar Azhar , Miao Jiarong , He Yonghan
Published: October 2024

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by the gradual decline of cellular functions, increased susceptibility to diseases, and impaired stress responses. Hypoxia, defined as reduced oxygen availability, is a critical factor that influences aging through molecular pathways involving hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications. This review explores the interconnected roles of hypoxia in aging, highlighting how hypoxic conditions exacerbate cellular damage, promote senescence, and contribute to age‐related pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, metabolic dysfunctions, and pulmonary conditions. By examining the molecular mechanisms linking hypoxia to aging, we identify key pathways that serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging interventions such as HIF modulators, antioxidants, senolytics, and lifestyle modifications hold promise in mitigating the adverse effects of hypoxia on aging tissues. However, challenges such as the heterogeneity of aging, lack of reliable biomarkers, and safety concerns regarding hypoxia‐targeted therapies remain. This review emphasizes the need for personalized approaches and advanced technologies to develop effective antiaging interventions. By integrating current knowledge, this review provides a comprehensive framework that underscores the importance of targeting hypoxia‐induced pathways to enhance healthy aging and reduce the burden of age‐related diseases.
Inducing disulfidptosis in tumors:potential pathways and significance
Authors: Mi Tao , Kong Xiangpan , Chen Meiling , Guo Peng , He Dawei
Published: October 2024

Regulated cell death (RCD) is crucial for the elimination of abnormal cells. In recent years, strategies aimed at inducing RCD, particularly apoptosis, have become increasingly important in cancer therapy. However, the ability of tumor cells to evade apoptosis has led to treatment resistance and relapse, prompting extensive research into alternative death processes in cancer cells. A recent study identified a novel form of RCD known as disulfidptosis, which is linked to disulfide stress. Cancer cells import cystine from the extracellular environment via solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and convert it to cysteine using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). When NADPH is deficient or its utilization is impaired, cystine accumulates, leading to the formation of disulfide bonds in the actin cytoskeleton, triggering disulfidptosis. Disulfidptosis reveals a metabolic vulnerability in tumors, offering new insights into cancer therapy strategies. This review provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms underlying disulfidptosis, the current research progress, and limitations. It also highlights innovative strategies for inducing disulfidptosis and explores the potential of combining these approaches with traditional cancer therapies, particularly immunotherapy, to expedite clinical translation.
Second generation stationary chest tomosynthesis with faster scan time and wider angular span
Authors: Billingsley Alex , Inscoe Christina , Lu Jianping , Zhou Otto , Lee Yueh Z.
Published: October 2024

Background

Digital tomosynthesis has shown potential for increasing specificity and sensitivity compared to radiography for low‐dose chest imaging. Prior investigation of the s‐DCT system indicated potential, but additional iteration with improved scan speed, power, and angular span was necessary for translation.

Purpose

The study aims to demonstrate and characterize a second‐generation stationary digital chest tomosynthesis (s‐DCT) scanner with increased x‐ray energy, tube current, and larger angular span.

Methods

The second‐generation s‐DCT system employed a meter‐long linear carbon nanotube (CNT) source array integrated with a digital detector and patient imaging table. Tube output, focal spot size, modulation transfer function (MTF), artifact spread function (ASF), and imaging performance were evaluated. A lung phantom with simulated nodules was imaged for clinical task‐based demonstration.

Results

The scanner achieved a 6 s scan time, significantly improved from the prior generation's 16 s. The x‐ray tube exhibited good current stability, with 20.4 ± 0.6 mA tube current and focal spot size aligned with specifications (IEC 0.8). The MTF confirmed enhanced spatial resolution of 2.4 lp/mm, comparable to commercial chest tomosynthesis systems. The ASF indicated improved depth resolution (5.2 mm, previously 9.5 mm). Phantom imaging showcased visualization of both high and low‐attenuation lung nodules.

Conclusion

The second‐generation s‐DCT system exhibited improved performance in terms of tube power, scan time, and image quality. Enhanced in‐plane and depth resolution, along with faster imaging, suggest potential clinical benefits for improved diagnoses. Further clinical validation is warranted to ascertain the system's clinical utility.
Gastric bypass elicits persistent gut adaptation and unique diabetes remission‐related metabolic gene regulation
Authors: Stefater‐Richards Margaret A. , Panciotti Courtney , Esteva Valerie , Lerner Miriam , Petty Carter R. , Gourash William F. , Courcoulas Anita P.
Published: October 2024

Objective

We have previously shown that early intestinal adaptation precedes and relates to metabolic improvement in humans after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). We hypothesized that intestinal adaptation would persist at the 1‐year postoperative time point and that gene expression (GE) signatures would relate to type 2 diabetes remission, providing insight into potential mechanisms for intestinally mediated metabolic improvement after RYGB.

Methods

We determined GE by RNA sequencing in jejunum (Roux limb [RL]) collected from 28 patients before and 12 months after RYGB.

Results

Global GE from paired baseline and 1‐year jejunal samples did not separate according to clinical phenotype (type 2 diabetes remission, sustained weight loss). In general, GE was consistent with persistent RL remodeling, and microvilli were elongated by 39%. Remodeling was not attenuated in patients with lack of diabetes remission or with weight regain. Patients with diabetes remission demonstrated greater jejunal activation of lipogenesis‐related pathways driven by RXR, LXR, and SREBP.

Conclusions

RL adaptation is a key feature of RYGB in all patients, likely reflecting the dramatic alterations to gastrointestinal anatomy, but jejunal lipogenesis appears to be more strongly activated in those patients with diabetes remission. Further study is needed to understand whether these pathways may drive metabolic remission after RYGB.
Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Google Search Analysis
Authors: Hunter Nathaniel , Wright Aidan , Jin Vivian , Tritter Andrew
Published: October 2024

Objective

No studies describe what patients search for online in relation to retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (RCPD). Our objectives were to describe the Google search volume for RCPD, identify the most common queries related to RCPD, and evaluate the available online resources.

Study Design

Observational.

Setting

Google Database.

Methods

Using Ahrefs and Search Response, Google search volume for RCPD and “People Also Ask” (PAA) questions were documented. PAA questions were categorized based on intent, and the websites were categorized on source. The quality and readability of the sources were determined using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, Flesch Reading Ease score, and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level.

Results

Search volume for RCPD‐related content has continually increased since 2021, with a combined average volume of 6287 searches per month. Most PAA questions were related to technical details (61.07%) and treatments (32.06%) for RCPD. Websites provided to answer these questions were most often from academic (25.95%) and commercial (22.14%) sources. None of the sources met the criteria for universal readability, and only 15% met all quality metrics set forth by JAMA.

Conclusion

Interest in RCPD is at an all‐time high, with information related to its diagnosis and treatment most popular among Google users. Significantly, none of the resources provided by Google met the criteria for universal readability, preventing many patients from fully comprehending the information presented. Future work should aim to address questions related to RCPD in a suitable way for all patient demographics.
Optimizing Corticosteroid Sinonasal Irrigation Outcomes Through 3D Printing: A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Root Zachary T. , Lepley Thomas J. , Kim Kanghyun , Schneller Aspen R. , Zhao Songzhu , Wen Raymond , Formanek Veronica L. , Sussman Sarah M. , Lee Joseph S. , Odeh Ahmad , Wei Lai , Kelly Kathleen M. , Otto Bradley A. , Zhao Kai
Published: October 2024

Objective

Topical corticosteroid irrigation plays critical role in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Yet, its efficacy can be highly variable. We sought to determine if personalized, 3‐dimensional (3D)‐printed nasal models can optimize head positioning and irrigation parameters, therefore improving patient outcomes.

Study Design

Randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial.

Setting

Tertiary medical center from November 2021 to July 2023.

Methods

Sixty‐two patients with CRS were randomized into either control (CG), backfill (BG), or model (MG) groups; daily 2 mg mometasone irrigations were then performed for 2 months with either standard head‐forward and natural side‐tilt position (CG), a head tilt of 90° to the side with fluid entering the lower nostril (BG), or in an optimized position as determined by a patient‐specific 3D printed irrigation model (MG), respectively.

Results

A total of 36 patients completed the trial (CG: N = 14/23; BG N = 11/23, MG: N = 11/16). Significant posttreatment improvement in Lund‐Mackay (LM) scoring was only observed in the MG (−3.73, 95% confidence interval = −5.71, −1.75; P < .001). Patient‐reported outcome measures (Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, Sinonasal Outcome Test‐22, and Visual Analog Scale of nasal congestion) improved significantly among all groups. Optimal model penetration scores significantly correlated to posttreatment MG LM score (Spearman's r = 0.65, P < .05). Among all groups, patients with prior endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) (n = 19) had objectively less opacification at baseline; however, experienced the same degree of opacification reduction and symptom reduction as those without prior ESS (n = 17).

Conclusion

The use of 3D printing to personalize head positioning may significantly improve objective corticosteroid irrigation outcomes. Mometasone irrigation may have similar subjective and objective effects on patients regardless of prior surgical history.

Level of Evidence

Level 1 prospective, randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial NCT06118554.
Global health training opportunities during pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship: Results from a survey of program leaders
Authors: Hornstein Paula R. , Falade Ayo S. , Triedman Scott A. , Lehmann Leslie E. , Fadelu Temidayo A.
Published: October 2024

Background

There is growing interest in global health (GH) among medical trainees in the United States. However, providing GH training opportunities at the fellowship level presents several challenges. Understanding of barriers and facilitators to implementing GH training is essential for addressing these challenges.

Methods

We developed a comprehensive survey of 65 Likert‐scale multiple‐choice and open‐ended questions to assess perspectives of pediatric hematology/oncology fellowships leaders on GH training. The survey was electronically distributed to program leaders at all ACGME‐accredited pediatric hematology/oncology fellowships programs, and data were summarized using descriptive analysis.

Results

Of 73 eligible programs, we had a 45.2% response rate with 27 complete and 6 partial responses. Respondents represented programs across the United States, including 19 (57.6%) affiliated with NCI‐Designated Cancer Centers. Fourteen programs (43.8%) currently offer GH training opportunities, whereas 18 programs expressed interest in future opportunities (15, 83.3%) or plan to offer them soon (3, 16.7%). Major barriers identified include competing training priorities (23, 82.1%), lack of faculty mentors in the division (23, 82.1%), and lack of dedicated institutional funding (20, 71.4%). Key facilitators include the interest and initiative of current fellows (27, 96.4%), dedicated institutional funding (26, 92.8%), and having established international partnerships (26, 92.8%).

Conclusions

The study reveals strong interest in GH training in pediatric hematology/oncology fellowships. Despite challenges such as competing priorities and a lack of mentors, significant facilitators include current fellows’ initiatives, dedicated funding, and established international partnerships. These insights can help shape future initiatives to incorporate GH into pediatric oncology/hematology fellowship training.
Prevalence of bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli and challenges associated with bean cultivation in Kenya
Authors: Masheti Y. O. , Muthomi J. W. , Muiru W. M. , Arunga E. E. , Gepts P.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the prevalence of scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli causing yield losses on beans in Kenya. The research focused on common practices and challenges faced by subsistence farmers with the aim of providing insights into scab prevalence, impact, and potential management challenges. A structured questionnaire was employed in a survey conducted in 2022 and 2023, covering major bean‐growing regions using a three‐stage sampling design. Data from 128 bean farmers included information on farm size, seed sources, cropping systems, awareness of challenges, and pest/disease management practices. Scab prevalence was determined by scouting for symptoms, with a total of 84 farms surveyed in 2021. The incidence of bean scab was confirmed in all surveyed clusters, indicating its widespread occurrence across various agro‐ecological zones. Farmers exhibited common practices such as preference for uniform bean seeds (61%), use of uncertified seeds (83%), intercropping (80%), and limited crop rotation. Challenges included disease and pest infestations, with limited diversity in management options. Confirmation of the presence of bean scab in diverse agro‐ecological zones emphasizes its importance and the need for further research on its impact and epidemiology. Challenges with crop rotation were evident due to small farm sizes and subsistence‐focused farming. The study recommends further research for a comprehensive understanding of the link between increased scab importance and current bean farming practices such as short rotation periods and the use of susceptible varieties. Training programs are also vital to improve farmers' knowledge on safe agro‐chemical use, ensuring sustainable constraint management in common bean cultivation in Kenya.
Strangler fig–host tree associations: Insights into the ecology and management of tropical urban green spaces
Authors: Mo Yu‐Xuan , Zou Huang , Hu Hai‐Xia , Li Su , Lu Hua‐Zheng , Pu Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Yun‐Xin , Balami Sujan , Li Yuan , Hu Tao , Song Liang , Liu Wen‐Yao
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact Statement

The strangler fig is known for its hemiepiphytic growth form and conspicuous strangling behavior in the tropics worldwide. It also plays an important role in providing ecological functions in tropical urban ecosystems. This study reveals strangler figs tend to colonize large trees with suitable microsites in a large tropical botanical garden and cause some negative effects on their hosts. We advocate balanced management strategies considering ecological functions, potential risks, and overall values of stranglers and their hosts. These results provide a scientific basis for us to develop better practices for plant management in urban green spaces (especially botanical gardens with high plant biodiversity) in tropical urban ecosystems.

Strangler figs colonize trees in tropical cities, which contribute to a unique urban ecology and enrich local ecological functions. Understanding ecological associations between strangler figs and their host trees can improve green space management in tropical urban ecosystems.

We investigated 9282 trees growing in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and then analyzed the diversity, characteristics, and network of strangler figs and their host trees.

We found 13 strangler fig species (319 individuals) widely colonized 67 host species, with palm hosts bearing 52% of all strangler individuals. Strangler figs had a high colonization rate in large trees with appropriate microsites (e.g., persistent palm petioles and the fork of mature trees with rough trunks). Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content of hosts decreased significantly after strangler figs' aerial roots had entered the ground. The strangler–host network was characterized by relatively high specialization and low nestedness, and simulated management of strangler figs on large hosts and palm hosts could simplify the strangler–host network.

Strangler fig colonization can be managed. Planting trees with large diameters at breast height and rough bark can increase the colonization of stranglers, while cutting off aerial roots can inhibit their establishment. The epiphytic stage is the best time to manage strangler figs. We recommend taking into consideration the trade‐offs among ecological functioning, human safety, and the multifaceted value of strangler figs and their host trees and thereby implementing comprehensive management strategies tailored to different contexts for improving green space management in the tropics.
Molecular mechanisms of mammalian sperm capacitation, and its regulation by sodium‐dependent secondary active transporters
Authors: Takei Gen L.
Published: October 2024

Background

Mammalian spermatozoa have to be “capacitated” to be fertilization‐competent. Capacitation is a collective term for the physiological and biochemical changes in spermatozoa that occur within the female body. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying capacitation have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Previously published papers on capacitation, especially from the perspective of ions/channels/transporters, were extracted and summarized.

Results

Capacitation can be divided into two processes: earlier events (membrane potential hyperpolarization, intracellular pH rise, intracellular Ca2+ rise, etc.) and two major later events: hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction. Earlier events are closely interconnected with each other. Various channels/transporters are involved in the regulation of them, which ultimately lead to the later events. Manipulating the extracellular K+ concentration based on the oviductal concentration modifies membrane potential; however, the later events and fertilization are not affected, suggesting the uninvolvement of membrane potential in capacitation. Hyperpolarization is a highly conserved phenomenon among mammalian species, indicating its importance in capacitation. Therefore, the physiological importance of hyperpolarization apart from membrane potential is suggested.

Conclusion

The hypotheses are (1) hyperpolarizing Na+ dynamics (decrease in intracellular Na+) and Na+‐driven secondary active transporters play a vital role in capacitation and (2) the sperm‐specific potassium channel Slo3 is involved in volume and/or morphological regulation.
New Safety Feedback Control Design to Guarantee Adequate Frequency Performance in Microgrids
Authors: Taousser Fatima , Morovati Samaneh , Zhang Yichen , Djouadi Seddik M. , Tomsovic Kevin , Olama Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Safety analysis of power systems is concerned with the system's ability to maintain critical variables within specified limits following a disturbance. Frequency control adequacy has become increasingly important as the system inertia decreases due to the increase in renewable energy penetration. Various controllers for inverters have been proposed to improve the system frequency response and few are capable to ensure the safety of the response. In this article, a diesel‐wind energy system is considered and modeled as a switching system between normal, faulted, and post‐fault modes. A safety feedback controller is designed as a supplementary signal for a wind turbine generator such that the speed of the diesel generator stays within a permissible range in the presence of a finite energy disturbance. Numerical results on the modified 33‐bus microgrid system obtained of the proposed novel approach indicate that the suggested control configuration can guarantee adequate frequency response without excessive conservativeness.
An Efficient Filtering Approach for Model Estimation in Sparse Regression
Authors: Wei Yanran , Myers William , Deng Xinwei
Published: October 2024

As technology advances, the scale of data generated is growing exponentially, bringing huge challenges to data storage and computation. To facilitate the computational cost while maintaining model estimation accuracy, subdata selection become important. Conventional methods, such as LASSO and ridge regression, often focus on feature selection. In contrast, methods of subsampling aim at specifying data points to be extracted. However, these subsampling methods often overlook the full consideration of the role of the response variable and its relationship with predictor variables. In this work, we propose a so‐called filtering approach for model estimation (FAME) method to perform subsampling in combination with feature screening. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method can result in the subdata being smaller in size both in terms of the number of features and observations, and also the computational complexity does not increase. The proposed method can be extended to situations when the predictor is binary, the response is binary, or both are binary. The performance of FAME is evaluated in both numerical studies and real data examples.
Enhancing Satellite Link Security Against Drone Eavesdropping Through Cooperative Communication
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Arnon Shlomi
Published: October 2024

Integrated satellite terrestrial networks (ISTNs) are emerging as a promising next‐generation communication technology, for example, B5G and 6G, with low‐earth orbit (LEO) satellites playing a growing role. However, the complex and unique characteristics of ISTNs make them more susceptible to cyberattacks. Recently, the use of drones for public and private services has increased the risk of eavesdropping on LEO satellite links. Such scenario presents an extremely challenging environment due to dynamic nature of LEO satellite and drone along with atmospheric attenuation at sub‐THz frequencies. This study proposes a novel adaptive power‐bandwidth cooperative scheme designed to mitigate the likelihood of eavesdropping attacks on LEO satellite links communicating with a ground station when a drone is within the line of sight. The mathematical algorithm dynamically adapts the resources to maximize the normalized secrecy capacity in this challenging scenario while maintaining a reasonable signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at the legitimate receiver. The adaptive scheme involves strategic cooperation with a nearby terrestrial third party to amplify and forward the satellite signal to the ground station receiver. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing significant improvements (> 70%) compared to the non‐adaptive scheme over a wide range of elevation angles.
How the Affordances of Different Modeling Tools Impact Kindergartener‐Constructed Models and Modeling Reasoning
Authors: Louca Loucas T. , Zacharia Zacharias C.
Published: October 2024

This study seeks to enrich our understanding of modeling‐based learning (MbL) in kindergarten science education, investigating the influences of different modeling tools on kindergarten child‐constructed models and their modeling reasoning. Therefore, this multi‐case study aimed at providing in‐depth descriptions of how MbL was enacted by 66 kindergarteners while combining the use of three modeling tools: paper‐and‐pencil, three‐dimensional structures, and dramatic play. We studied three different classes of children engaged in MbL who studied and modeled three different physical phenomena (wildflowers' parts and their functions, dissolving substances in water, shadow formation). We varied the modeling tools to investigate the ways these tools contributed to children's MbL. Data sources included the child‐constructed models, their modeling discourse, and mechanistic reasoning. From the videotaped lesson transcripts, we developed detailed accounts of the three MbL cases, and we analysed the discourse using modeling frame analysis and mechanistic reasoning analysis, along with the model component artifact analysis of the child‐constructed models. Findings suggested that the use of different modeling tools impacts child‐constructed models and their corresponding modeling‐based mechanistic reasoning. The findings also suggest that children's representational proficiencies seem to be related to the use of a variety of modeling tools, which enabled children to talk about the possible different ways of developing models and the different affordances of the various modeling tools' representational power. We use this evidence to argue that different modeling tools may afford different modeling possibilities that kindergarten children may draw upon possibly combining with modeling resources they have (e.g., role‐playing, storytelling, drawing).
Preparation and Evaluation of Stability and Acute Oral Toxicity of a Drug Delivery System Combining MIL‐100(Fe) with Chloroquine Phosphate
Authors: Thanh Le Bac , Que Nguyen Chau , Duc Ninh Ha , Thi Nguyen Phuong , Duc La Duong , Phuong Nguyen Thi Hoai
Published: October 2024

Metal‐organic framework materials (MOFs) are highly porous and are the subject of growing interest among scientists globally for their utilization in drug delivery. In this work, iron‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL‐100(Fe) were synthesized by ultrasonic method and studied for the loading of the chloroquine phosphate (CQP). The CQP‐release behavior of the material was investigated in water media with various pH solutions of 1.2, 2, 4.5, and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at temperatures of 25 °C to 45 °C. MIL‐100(Fe) material had a high surface area of up to 1080 m2/g and could completely release the CQP at a pH of 1.2 after 25 hours. At other pH conditions, the drug exhibited an initial rapid release, followed by a gradual slowdown, ultimately achieving complete release after 96 hours. The maximal loading capacity for the CQP by the MIL‐100(Fe) was determined to be approximately 30 % at the pH solution of 2 (stomach environment). The findings from the activity assessment against the K1 malaria parasite strain (P. falciparum) indicated that the concentration at which the active ingredient, when carried by the material, exhibited inhibition was 193 nM/L. The evaluation outcomes for acute toxicity of the drug carrier material revealed an LD50 value exceeding 5000 mg/kg (equivalent to 1500 mg of CQP base). In contrast, when using the active substance alone, acute toxicity resulted in an LD50 value of 675 mg/kg.
Spiral‐Locking Strategy for Efficient Narrowband Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Li Hao‐Ze , Xie Feng‐Ming , Bai Jue‐Yao , Zhang Kai , Shi Hao‐Nan , Liu Jun‐Yu , Li Xin , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing
Published: October 2024

Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials are applied in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high efficiency and color purity. However, the inherent planar structure of MR emitters presents significant challenges, including concentration‐induced emission quenching, spectral redshift and broadening. To address these issues, two orthorhombic asymmetric conformational materials, SBNO and SBNOS, have been developed. Both MR‐TADF emitters incorporate a sterically hindered spiro‐carbon bridge to minimize intermolecular chromophore interactions. Consequently, the spectra of the SBNOS‐based devices exhibit only a 4 nm redshift and a 7 nm broadening of the full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) across a doping ratio range of 1–100 wt%. The steric effect produces pure green OLEDs with a CIE y of 0.69 and enhances performance, achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 32.7%. The referent BNO without spiro skeleton suffers from serious spectral redshift and broadening as well as a lower device efficiency. This research demonstrates a promising approach to developing MR‐TADF devices that resist redshift and broadening while maintaining high color purity and efficiency.
Humidity‐Induced Degradation Mapping of Pt3Co ORR Catalyst for PEFC by In‐Operando Electrochemistry and Ex Situ SAXS
Authors: Edjokola Joel Mata , Bogar Marco , Grandi Maximillian , Taccani Rodolfo , Amenitsch Heinz , Marinšek Marjan , Hacker Viktor , Bodner Merit
Published: October 2024

Understanding the degradation mechanisms of Pt‐alloy catalysts is crucial for enhancing their durability. This study investigates the impact of relative humidity on Pt and Pt3Co catalysts using potential‐cycling‐based accelerated stress tests. Two conditions are investigated: 100% relative humidity on both sides, and a gradient with 30% at the anode and over 100% at the cathode. Pt3Co demonstrates sensitivity, with 77% performance loss and reductions in electrocatalyst surface area. Results demonstrate a 30% decrease in potential loss for Pt catalysts and a 77% increase for Pt3Co catalysts, indicating significant performance degradation in high humidity conditions, with Pt3Co exhibiting greater sensitivity. Measurements of electrochemically active surface area reinforce these findings. Resistance analysis using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using equivalent circuit modeling reveals a threefold increase in Pt3Co MEAs' cathode charge transfer resistance and mass transport resistance during accelerated stress tests. Local current distribution analysis highlights differences between Pt catalyst and Pt3Co, with the latter displaying dealloying effects. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals changes in particle and cluster sizes, indicating structural changes. Scanning electron microscopy highlights catalyst and membrane thickness variations, suggesting heterogeneity in Pt3Co. Under humidity gradients, Ostwald ripening plays a significant role in altering the catalyst's Pt3Co structure and subsequently impacting its performance.
Rapid Microwave Annealing for Improved Crystallinity and Morphology of Perovskite Materials
Authors: Sakib Syed Nazmus , Payne David N. R. , Kim Jincheol , Huang Shujuan , Veettil Binesh Puthen
Published: October 2024

Perovskite solar cells are gaining significant attention for their remarkable power conversion efficiency, cost‐effective processing, and material abundance. This study investigates the impact of rapid microwave annealing on the crystallinity and morphology of MAPbI3 films on FTO glass substrates. Multifaceted characterization techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), and steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) measurements are used to compare microwave‐annealed samples with traditional hotplate‐annealed samples. Microwave annealing yields significantly larger crystals in shorter processing times, suggesting enhanced crystallinity, as evidenced by SEM analysis and XRD data. UV‐Vis and PDS measurements indicate improved optical properties and reduced sub‐bandgap states, while PL results suggest diminished nonradiative recombination in microwave‐annealed samples. However, a partial film detachment has been observed at higher microwave powers, a phenomenon explained by COMSOL simulations. These findings demonstrate rapid microwave annealing as an energy‐efficient and cost‐effective alternative while highlighting the need for further optimization to address film degradation issues, which remain a significant challenge. This research supports the potential for scalable, high‐quality perovskite material production, facilitating large‐scale production and commercialization of next‐generation solar cells.
Impact of organic matter constituents on phosphorus recovery from CPR sludges
Authors: Alnimer Aseel A. , Smith D. Scott , Parker Wayne J.
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the influence of organic matter (OM) constituents on the potential for recovery of P from wastewaters when FeCl3 treatment is employed for P removal. The presence of OM constituents did not influence P release from Fe‐P sludges when alkaline and ascorbic acid treatments were employed. However, the overall recovery of P from wastewater was impacted by the presence of selected OM constituents through the reduction of P uptake during coagulation. The presence of protein and humic matter showed remarkably low P removal values (3.0 ± 0.4% and 23 ± 1% respectively) when compared to an inorganic control recipe (62 ± 2%). Elevated soluble Fe (SFe) residuals in the presence of proteins (87 ± 5%) and humics (51 ± 1%) indicated interactions between Fe(III) cations and negatively charged functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups available in these organics. Significant negative correlations between P removal and residual SFe were observed suggesting Fe solubilization by OM constituents was the mechanism responsible for reduced P removal. The findings of this study identify, for the first time, the impact of OM constituents on overall P recovery when Fe(III) salts are employed and provide insights into recoveries that can be expected when Fe is added to primary, secondary treated, and industrial wastewaters.

Practitioner Points

Low P removal values were observed for protein and humic dominated wastewater recipes.

Iron(III) solubilization counted for P removal reduction by proteins and humic acids.

There is no effect of OM on P release from Fe‐P sludge at pH 10 and ascorbic acid treatments.

OM and agent employed to release P from sludges affected overall recovery of P.
The Impact of Neurological Disorders on Handwriting: Implications for Forensic Document Examination
Authors: Bansal Hansi , Mishra Swati Dubey , Singhal Muskan
Published: October 2024

Handwriting analysis is a valuable tool in forensic document examination, but the interpretation of observed findings can be complicated when individuals with neurological disorders are involved. The process of handwriting necessitates complex neuro‐muscular synchronization, which requires a much more intricate connection between the brain, muscles, and nerves than simply placing pen to paper. People with neurological illnesses, including Parkinson disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Alzheimer disease, and so on, may have trouble writing by hand. These illnesses can impair writing abilities physically and cognitively, resulting in inconsistencies or erratic handwriting that may be challenging to decipher. Because these illnesses impact a person's handwriting, it becomes challenging for document examiners to make an opinion about the handwriting of the author. A literature search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to analyze the association between neurological disorders and handwriting and their implications for handwriting analysis. This review article explores the effects of neurological disorders on handwriting. It emphasizes the importance of examining and analyzing handwriting impacted by these illnesses with care and knowledge. Document examiners, forensic professionals, and investigators must comprehend these challenges brought on by neurological illnesses. In forensic settings, specialized training, expertise, and suitable forensic handwriting examination methods (collection, analysis, interpretation, and reporting) should be adopted effectively in cases that involve people suffering from neurological disorders. This review majorly focuses on the analysis and interpretation stage of the forensic handwriting examination.
Versatile Approaches of Quantum Dots in Biosensing and Imaging
Authors: Dkhar Daphika S. , Kumari Rohini , Patel Vinay , Srivastava Ananya , Prasad Rajendra , Srivastava Rohit , Chandra Pranjal
Published: October 2024

Cancer is considered a formidable global health threat, despite substantial strides in diagnosis, detection, and therapeutic strategies. Remarkable progress has been achieved in these realms, yet the survival rates for cancer patients have persisted at suboptimal levels over decades. Acknowledging the need to address the ongoing challenges in cancer survival rates, research efforts are being made to push the boundaries of innovation in diagnostic techniques, bioimaging, and drug delivery technologies. Over the past few years, nano(bio)technology‐based approaches have been applied for biosensing and imaging applications to detect biochemical substances in various matrices. Among various nanoengineered particulates, quantum dots (QDs) have been recognized as versatile agents for these applications. QDs, often called artificial atoms, are characterized by the remarkable optical and electrical features which are essential for cytosensing, localized bioimaging and therapeutics. Here in this review, we have discussed various QDs as sensitive and selective agents for precise sensing and imaging of cancer cells. Both electrochemical and optical approaches have been used to describe the cytosensing detection methods. Furthermore, the bioimaging of malignant tumor cells and the drug delivery with therapeutic responses of QDs have also been highlighted. This review also lists the several kinds of QDs that are frequently used for such kinds of applications, such as carbon, graphene, zinc, and other types of hybrid‐based QDs. Finally, to shed insight on prospective research, the advantages and potential of QDs are also highlighted. In this article, we also emphasize the limitations and address the difficulties associated with QDs in clinical applications in order to provide insights for potential solutions.
Determination of trace uranium concentrations in spent‐fuel reprocessing using online graphite crystal pre‐diffraction energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Fang Yingtong , Zhang Zhaoqing , Hou Liudong , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhao Yaping , Liu Quanwei , Liu Siwei , Chang Xianlong , Qin Yongquan , Ma Jing
Published: October 2024

An online graphite crystal pre‐diffraction x‐ray fluorescence technique was developed for accurate real‐time detection of trace uranium concentrations in spent‐fuel reprocessing streams. Online analysis for determining uranium concentrations was established. The device was equipped with measurement windows in both the flow cell and a side wall of the glove box. X‐ray tubes and detectors were arranged outside the glove box, and the process stream flowing through the flow cell was measured through the measurement window. A cylindrical highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystal was located in front of the detector to improve detection efficiency and to provide monochromatic uranium‐characteristic x‐rays. At the same time, the device could perform remote online automatic calibration. The uranium detection limit in a kerosene solution was 0.08 mg/L, and the quantitative limit was 0.27 mg/L. The detection limit in a nitric acid solution was 0.11 mg/L, and the quantitative limit was 0.37 mg/L. The relative standard deviation of measuring 0.5 mg/L uranium was less than 10%, which greatly improved online monitoring of trace uranium in spent‐fuel reprocessing samples.
Introduction
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa
Published: October 2024

In this introductory chapter, the scene is set by briefly outlining the background of our research concerning the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of those state interventions taken to contain its spread, on the work and experiences of live performers in the UK. The chapter explains both the content of the book, chapter by chapter, and the empirical, conceptual, and policy-directed contributions the research makes to ongoing debates about precarious work in the UK’s cultural and creative sector.
Remark on the Local Well-Posedness of Compressible Non-Newtonian Fluids with Initial Vacuum
Authors: Al Baba Hind , Al Taki Bilal , Hussein Amru
Published: October 2024

We discuss in this short note the local-in-time strong well-posedness of the compressible Navier–Stokes system for non-Newtonian fluids on the three dimensional torus. We show that the result established recently by Kalousek, Mácha, and Nečasova in https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-021-02301-8 can be extended to the case where vanishing density is allowed initially. Our proof builds on the framework developed by Cho, Choe, and Kim in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2003.11.004 for compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the case of Newtonian fluids. To adapt their method, special attention is given to the elliptic regularity of a challenging nonlinear elliptic system. We show particular results in this direction, however, the main result of this paper is proven in the general case when elliptic $$W^{2,p}$$

W

2
,
p

-regularity is imposed as an assumption. Also, we give a finite time blow-up criterion.
Influence of the Depth of Shallow Workings on the Probability of Sinkhole Formation and Determination of the Contribution of Mines to the Resulting Risk
Authors: Strzałkowski Piotr
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a broad spectrum of factors that have an impact on the environment once underground mines have been closed, with particular emphasis on hard coal mines. Based on the review of scientific literature and own experience, several types of environmental impacts of closed mines were specified. In the author’s opinion, sinkholes pose the most serious hazard to post-mining areas. A high degree of urbanisation of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and a wide range of mining operations conducted in the past necessitate the post-mining areas development for construction purposes. However, investing in these areas cannot carry risks and pose a threat to public safety. Therefore, a simplified method of determining the probability of sinkhole formation depending on the depth of a shallow void (excavation) in the rock mass was proposed. An algorithm has also been proposed for determining the contribution of individual mining companies to causing sinkhole hazard, which is of great importance in legal proceedings.
Extension Theorem for Simultaneous q-Difference Equations and Some Its Consequences
Authors: Jarczyk Witold , Pasteczka Paweł
Published: October 2024

Given a set $$T \subset (0, +\infty )$$

T
⊂
(
0
,
+
∞
)

, intervals $$I\subset (0, +\infty )$$

I
⊂
(
0
,
+
∞
)

and $$J\subset \mathbb {R}$$

J
⊂
R

, as well as functions $$g_t:I\times J\rightarrow J$$

g
t

:
I
×
J
→
J

with t’s running through the set $$\begin{aligned} T^{*}:=T \cup \big \{t^{-1}:t \in T\big \}\cup \{1\} \end{aligned}$$

T

∗

:
=
T
∪

{

t

-
1

:
t
∈
T

}

∪

{
1
}

we study the simultaneous q-difference equations $$ \varphi (tx)=g_t\left( x,\varphi (x)\right) , \qquad t \in T^{*}, $$

φ

(
t
x
)

=

g
t

x
,
φ
(
x
)

,

t
∈

T

∗

,

postulated for $$x \in I\cap t^{-1}I$$

x
∈
I
∩

t

-
1

I

; here the unknown function $$\varphi $$
φ
is assumed to map I into J. We prove an Extension theorem stating that if a solution $$\varphi $$
φ
is continuous [analytic] on a nontrivial subinterval of I, then it is continuous [analytic] provided $$g_t, t \in T^{*}$$

g
t

,
t
∈

T

∗

, are continuous [analytic]. The crucial assumption of the Extension theorem is formulated with the help of the so-called limit ratio $$R_T$$

R
T

which is a uniquely determined number from $$[1,+\infty ]$$

[
1
,
+
∞
]

, characterising some density property of the set $$T^{*}$$

T

∗

. As an application of the Extension theorem we find the form of all continuous on a subinterval of I solutions $$\varphi :I \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

φ
:
I
→
R

of the simultaneous equations $$ \varphi (tx)=\varphi (x)+c(t)x^p, \qquad t\in T, $$

φ

(
t
x
)

=
φ

(
x
)

+
c

(
t
)

x
p

,

t
∈
T
,

where $$c:T\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

c
:
T
→
R

is an arbitrary function, p is a given real number and $$\sup I > R_T \inf I$$

sup
I
>

R
T

inf
I

.
The Hadwiger Theorem on Convex Functions, I
Authors: Colesanti Andrea , Ludwig Monika , Mussnig Fabian
Published: October 2024

A complete classification of all continuous, epi-translation and rotation invariant valuations on the space of super-coercive convex functions on${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$is established. The valuations obtained are functional versions of the classical intrinsic volumes. For their definition, singular Hessian valuations are introduced.
Identifikation psychosozial belasteter Familien in pädiatrischen Praxen
Authors: Schlett Christian , Metzner Gloria , Höhn Cindy , Giesler Jürgen M. , Barth Michael , Kaier Klaus , van Staa Juliane , Horstmann Sabine , Jünemann Susanne , Siebolds Marcus , Renner Ilona , Glattacker Manuela
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

In Deutschland lebt ca. ein Fünftel der Familien mit kleinen Kindern unter psychosozial belastenden Bedingungen, die die gesunde Entwicklung des Kindes gefährden können. Um die Vermittlung dieser Familien aus der kinderärztlichen Praxis in Angebote der Frühen Hilfen zu verbessern, wurde die PATH-Intervention entwickelt und in Baden-Württemberg implementiert. Ein erster Schritt im Prozess der Vermittlung ist die Identifikation von psychosozial belasteten Familien. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde geprüft, ob die PATH-Intervention den Anteil belasteter Familien, die von Praxispädiater*innen als belastet identifiziert werden, erhöht.

Methode

In einer quasiexperimentellen Studie wurden 293 psychosozial belastete Familien untersucht, die von 29 Praxispädiater*innen betreut wurden. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG) waren Familien mit Praxispädiater*innen aus Baden-Württemberg, die an der PATH-Intervention teilgenommen hatten. Die Kontrollgruppe (KG) waren Familien mit Praxispädiater*innen aus Bayern, die nicht an der PATH-Intervention teilgenommen hatten. Mit 10 Praxispädiater*innen der IG und 20 psychosozial belasteten Familien der IG wurden zusätzlich qualitative Telefoninterviews geführt.

Ergebnisse

In der IG wurde ein signifikant höherer Anteil der psychosozial belasteten Familien identifiziert als in der KG. Der Unterschied betrug etwa 20 Prozentpunkte und war unabhängig davon, wie viele Belastungen die Familien aufwiesen.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die PATH-Intervention die Identifikation von psychosozial belasteten Familien durch Praxispädiater*innen verbessert. Diese verbesserte Identifikation ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine Vermittlung der Familien in passgenaue Unterstützungsangebote wie die der Frühen Hilfen.