bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Promotes NF-Κb-Mediated Fibroblast Dysfunction and Matrix Remodeling to Impair Muscle Stem Cell Function
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Ferrari Ricardo , Beezhold Kevin , Stearns-Reider Kristen , D'Amore Antonio , Haschak Martin , Stolz Donna , Robbins Paul D. , Barchowsky Aaron , Ambrosio Fabrisia
Published: November 2015

Arsenic is a global health hazard that impacts over 140 million individuals worldwide. Epidemiological studies reveal prominent muscle dysfunction and mobility declines following arsenic exposure; yet, mechanisms underlying such declines are unknown. The objective of this study was to test the novel hypothesis that arsenic drives a maladaptive fibroblast phenotype to promote pathogenic myomatrix remodeling and compromise the muscle stem (satellite) cell (MuSC) niche. Mice were exposed to environmentally relevant levels of arsenic in drinking water before receiving a local muscle injury. Arsenic-exposed muscles displayed pathogenic matrix remodeling, defective myofiber regeneration and impaired functional recovery, relative to controls. When naïve human MuSCs were seeded onto three-dimensional decellularized muscle constructs derived from arsenic-exposed muscles, cells displayed an increased fibrogenic conversion and decreased myogenicity, compared with cells seeded onto control constructs. Consistent with myomatrix alterations, fibroblasts isolated from arsenic-exposed muscle displayed sustained expression of matrix remodeling genes, the majority of which were mediated by NF-κB. Inhibition of NF-κB during arsenic exposure preserved normal myofiber structure and functional recovery after injury, suggesting that NF-κB signaling serves as an important mechanism of action for the deleterious effects of arsenic on tissue healing. Taken together, the results from this study implicate myomatrix biophysical and/or biochemical characteristics as culprits in arsenic-induced MuSC dysfunction and impaired muscle regeneration. It is anticipated that these findings may aid in the development of strategies to prevent or revert the effects of arsenic on tissue healing and, more broadly, provide insight into the influence of the native myomatrix on stem cell behavior.

Video Highlight: https://youtu.be/v1E7yGKdCLM
Influence of Serum and Hypoxia on Incorporation of [14C]‐d‐Glucose or [14C]‐l‐Glutamine into Lipids and Lactate in Murine Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Ta Nathan L. , Seyfried Thomas N.
Published: November 2015

Glucose and glutamine are essential energy metabolites for brain tumor growth and survival under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Both metabolites can contribute their carbons to lipid biosynthesis. We used uniformly labeled [14C]‐U‐d‐glucose and [14C]‐U‐l‐glutamine to examine the profile of de novo lipid biosynthesis in the VM‐M3 murine glioblastoma cells. The major lipids synthesized included phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (EtnGpl), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), sphingomyelin (CerPCho), bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP)/phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), cholesterol (C), cardiolipin (Ptd2Gro), and gangliosides. Endogenous lipid synthesis, using either glucose or glutamine, was greater in media without fetal bovine serum (FBS) than in media containing 10 % FBS under normoxia. De novo lipid synthesis was greater using glucose carbons than glutamine carbons under normoxia. The reverse was observed for most lipids under hypoxia suggesting an attenuation of glucose entering the TCA cycle. Lactate was produced largely from glucose carbons with minimal lactate derived from glutamine under either normoxia or hypoxia. Accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAG), containing mostly saturated and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, was observed under hypoxia using carbons from either glucose or glutamine. The data show that the incorporation of labeled glucose and glutamine into most synthesized lipids was dependent on the type of growth environment, and that the VM‐M3 glioblastoma cells could acquire lipids, especially cholesterol, from the external environment for growth and proliferation.
Video Ethnography, Researcher Reflexivity, and Constructions of Advertising Response in the Australian Family Living Room
Authors: Jayasinghe Laknath
Published: November 2015

This article adopts perspectives of family identity practice as an analytic lens to understand advertising response and attention in the family living room. By using an emerging approach that examines ethnographic data through the reflexive role of the researcher, the article brings a novel conceptualisation of advertising response as a set of domestically constructed consumption practices. Through this approach, it is shown how advertising response is performed by viewers in the family living room embedded within a network involving cultural ideologies, domestic discourses, advertising literacies, and viewing practices, but argues that the very configuration of these performances is itself developed by the researcher through broader scholarly debates about the politics of advertising response, viewing, and attention in the marketing and advertising research literature. The article argues that advertising response is not value neutral, it takes on different meanings for viewers beyond an advertising text's informational orientation, and response is understood to be a product of the research method that uncovers it. To better conceptualise advertising response and attention, the findings suggest that a deeper exploration of advertising response is required in terms of the researcher's reflexive role in constituting it.
Growing inter-Asian connections: Links, rivalries, and challenges in South Korean–Central Asian relations
Authors: Fumagalli Matteo
Published: November 2015

The geopolitical context, which emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, combined with Korea's growing economic prowess, enabled greater dynamism and diversification in Seoul's foreign policy-making. Growing pressure from energy-intensive economies coupled with new developments and investment in logistics and infrastructure has brought different parts of the Eurasian landmass closer together in recent years. Inter-Asian connections are especially growing. This article uses the case of deepening relations between Korea and the post-Soviet Central Asian republics as a vantage point to reflect on one such example of unfolding Asian inter-connectedness. In addition it sees Seoul's engagement in the region as a fitting example of Korea's broader ambitions to assert itself as a global economic player. The article shows that Korea's policy toward Central Asia has been primarily driven by energy needs and is defined by pragmatism. It finds that the economic dimension of the relationship has greatly overshadowed other aspects such as politics and security. In its pursuit of closer ties with the region Seoul has sought to turn structural weaknesses into added value and has attempted to develop a distinctive, non-threatening profile built around the lack of a political baggage and geopolitical ambitions, and the desire to share its experience of formerly impoverished turned leading economy. In turn, Central Asia's selective integration in the world economy has continued, also thanks to its ties with Korea. The Central Asian republics welcomed the opportunity to diversify their foreign relations, the sources of foreign investment and export routes. At the same time the opaque business environment, a leadership succession, which cannot be postponed for much longer, and Seoul's “no-strings attached” approach expose Korea to some risks as regime stability might not last forever.
ISDN2014_0001: REMOVED: Temporal polar and anterior cingulate cortical thinning in violent psychopath offenders
Authors: Calzada‐Reyes Ana , Alvarez‐Amador Alfredo , Galán‐García Lídice , Valdés‐Sosa Mitchell
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0029: REMOVED: Evidence for a decrease in dendrites of pyramidal cells in neonatal thalamic lesioned rat's prefrontal cortex: Implication in Autism and Schizophrenia
Authors: Ouhaz Z. , Ba M'hamed S. , Bennis M.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0081: REMOVED: Different regulation of AQP4 by fluoxetine in normal and CMS model mice
Authors: Li Baoman
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0087: REMOVED: Postnatal exposure of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE‐209) impairs working and reference memory in young mice: Expression and regulation of NMDA receptor in hippocampus and frontal cortex
Authors: Verma Priya , Singh Poonam , Gandhi Behrose S.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0090: REMOVED: Evaluation of spontaneous dense array gamma oscillatory activity and minor physical anomalies as a composite endophenotype in schizophrenia
Authors: Tikka Sai Krishna , Nizamie S. Haque , Goyal Nishant , Pradhan N.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0092: REMOVED: Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning reduces the effect of traumatic brain injury on pentylenetetrazole kindled rats
Authors: Eslami M. , Sayyah M. , Hajghassem M. , Solaymani M.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0097: REMOVED: Age‐related changes in the topological organization of white matter structural networks across the human lifespan
Authors: Zhao Tengda , Cao Miao , Zuo Xi‐Nian , Dong Qi , He Yong , Shu Ni
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0121: REMOVED: Creative thinking abilities among children and adults with dyslexia
Authors: Tabibi Z. , Pfeffer K.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0190: REMOVED: Extracellular synaptic activity of basolateral amygdala nucleus alter associated by mGluR1 receptors in developmental schizophrenic models
Authors: Ahmadi Milad , Khodaie Babak , Lotfinia Mahmoud , Lotfinia Ahmadali , Gorji Ali
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0191: REMOVED: Protective role of 17β‐estradiol on glucose transporter and mitochondrial enzymes in brain of aging female rats
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Kale R.K. , Baquer N.Z.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0231: REMOVED: Does the format of presentation of arithmetic problems matter to the brain during mental arithmetic processing? An Electroencephalography (EEG) Study
Authors: Muluh E.T. , John L.R.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0247: REMOVED: Hypothyroidism impairs antioxidant defence system and histoarchitecture of cerebral cortex of rat brain during postnatal development
Authors: Jena Srikanta , Bhanja Shravani , Dandapat Jagneshwar , Chainy Gagan B.N.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0251: REMOVED: Paradox effects of kynurenines on LTP induction. An in vivo study in the Wistar rat
Authors: Demeter I. , Nagy K. , Farkas T. , Kis Zs. , Kocsis K. , Knapp L. , Gellért L. , Fülöp F. , Vécsei L. , Toldi J.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0275: REMOVED: Multisensory processing in immature brains: ERP evidence of distinct auditory–somatosensory integration patterns in preterm and newborn infants
Authors: Maitre Nathalie , Chorna Olena , Jones Dorita , Key Alexandra
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0280: REMOVED: Identification of chromosomal alteration and association study of NRXN3 gene mutations in autism
Authors: Arun M. , Mohanadevi S. , Balamuralikrishnan B. , Sureshkumar S. , Younis B.M. , Sankar K. , Sasikala K. , Murugesh E. , Balachandar V.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0333: REMOVED: Huntington's disease – Abnormalities of hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation in the R6/1 mouse
Authors: Pakpoor Jina , Begeti Faye , Barker Roger
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0341: REMOVED: Neuropsychological profile of children aged 5–7 years with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bolaños Maria Jimena Sarmiento , Solovieva Yulia , Quintanar‐Rojas Luis
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
Frontier Democracy
Authors: Siddali Silvana R.
Published: November 2015

Frontier Democracy examines the debates over state constitutions in the antebellum Northwest (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) from the 1820s through the 1850s. This is a book about conversations: in particular, the fights and negotiations over the core ideals in the constitutions that brought these frontier communities to life. Silvana R. Siddali argues that the Northwestern debates over representation and citizenship reveal two profound commitments: the first to fair deliberation, and the second to ethical principles based on republicanism, Christianity, and science. Some of these ideas succeeded brilliantly: within forty years, the region became an economic and demographic success story. However, some failed tragically: racial hatred prevailed everywhere in the region, in spite of reformers' passionate arguments for justice, and resulted in disfranchisement and even exclusion for non-white Northwesterners that lasted for generations.
Generations of Feeling
Authors: Rosenwein Barbara H.
Published: November 2015

Generations of Feeling is the first book to provide a comprehensive history of emotions in pre- and early modern Western Europe. Charting the varieties, transformations and constants of human sentiments over the course of eleven centuries, Barbara H. Rosenwein explores the feelings expressed in a wide range of 'emotional communities' as well as the theories that served to inform and reflect their times. Focusing specifically on groups within England and France, chapters address communities as diverse as the monastery of Rievaulx in twelfth-century England and the ducal court of fifteenth-century Burgundy, assessing the ways in which emotional norms and modes of expression respond to, and in turn create, their social, religious, ideological, and cultural environments. Contemplating emotions experienced 'on the ground' as well as those theorized in the treatises of Alcuin, Thomas Aquinas, Jean Gerson and Thomas Hobbes, this insightful study offers a profound new narrative of emotional life in the West.
Lincoln in the Atlantic World
Authors: Stevenson Louise L.
Published: November 2015

This original and wide-ranging work reveals how Abraham Lincoln responded to prompts from around the globe to shape his personal appearance, political appeal, and presidential policies. Throughout his life, he learned lessons about slavery, American politics, and international relations from sources centered in Africa, Britain, and the European continent. Answering questions that previous scholars have not thought to ask, the book opens the vision of Lincoln as a global republican. Thanks to its new stories and compelling analyses, this book provides a provocative and stimulating read that will generate debate at both high and popular levels.
Power and the Vote
Authors: Min Brian
Published: November 2015

How do developing states decide who gets access to public goods like electricity, water, and education? Power and the Vote breaks new ground by showing that the provision of seemingly universal public goods is intricately shaped by electoral priorities. In doing so, this book introduces new methods using high-resolution satellite imagery to study the distribution of electricity across and within the developing world. Combining cross-national evidence with detailed sub-national analysis and village-level data from India, Power and the Vote affirms the power of electoral incentives in shaping the distribution of public goods and challenges the view that democracy is a luxury of the rich with little relevance to the world's poor.
The Epistemology of Indicative Conditionals
Authors: Douven Igor
Published: November 2015

Conditionals are sentences of the form 'If A, then B', and they play a central role in scientific, logical, and everyday reasoning. They have been in the philosophical limelight for centuries, and more recently, they have been receiving attention from psychologists, linguists, and computer scientists. In spite of this, many key questions concerning conditionals remain unanswered. While most of the work on conditionals has addressed semantical questions - questions about the truth conditions of conditionals - this book focuses on the main epistemological questions that conditionals give rise to, such as: what are the probabilities of conditionals? When is a conditional acceptable or assertable? What do we learn when we receive new conditional information? In answering these questions, this book combines the formal tools of logic and probability theory with the experimental approach of cognitive psychology. It will be of interest to students and researchers in logic, epistemology, and psychology of reasoning.
Taking Rites Seriously
Authors: Beckwith Francis J.
Published: November 2015

Taking Rites Seriously is about how religious beliefs and religious believers are assessed by judges and legal scholars and are sometimes mischaracterized and misunderstood by those who are critical of the influence of religion in politics or in the formation of law. Covering three general topics - reason and motive, dignity and personhood, nature and sex - philosopher and legal theorist Francis J. Beckwith carefully addresses several contentious legal and cultural questions over which religious and non-religious citizens often disagree: the rationality of religious belief, religiously motivated legislation, human dignity in bioethics, abortion and embryonic stem cell research, reproductive rights and religious liberty, evolutionary theory, and the nature of marriage. In the process, he responds to some well-known critics of public faith - including Brian Leiter, Steven Pinker, Suzanna Sherry, Ronald Dworkin, John Rawls, and Richard Dawkins - as well as to some religiously conservative critics of secularism, such as the advocates for intelligent design.
Experience and its Modes
Authors: Oakeshott Michael
Published: November 2015

When it first appeared in 1933, Experience and its Modes was not considered a classic. But as philosophical fashion moved away from the analytic philosophy of the 1930s, this work began to seem ahead of its time. Arguing that experience is 'modal', in the sense that we always have a theoretical or practical perspective on the world, Michael Oakeshott explores the nature of philosophical experience and its relationship to three of the most important 'modes' of non-philosophical experience - science, history and practice - seeking to establish the autonomy and superiority of philosophy. In recognition of its enduring importance, this book is presented in a fresh series livery for a new generation of readers, featuring a specially commissioned Preface written by Paul Franco.
Neurology in Africa
Authors: Howlett William P.
Published: November 2015

The distribution of neurological disease - and the resources available for its diagnosis and treatment - is very different in Africa. In addition, many of the diseases encountered, such as konzo, are poorly covered in standard Western textbooks on neurology and, with increased international travel, these conditions may be seen in clinics worldwide. Neurology in Africa is written by William Howlett, a neurologist who has worked in Tanzania for almost twenty years. This book will be invaluable to trainees and practitioners in neurology and internal medicine working in Africa and neurologists travelling to Africa for work-placements. The content is highly practical and written in an easy style with clear, comprehensive explanations. The content covers clinical skills as well as guidance on the diagnosis and management of all the major neurological disorders. The book contains many line drawings, colour photographs, scans, tables and summaries of key points to aid understanding.
Goal-based Reasoning for Argumentation
Authors: Walton Douglas
Published: November 2015

This book provides an argumentation model for means end-reasoning, a distinctive type of reasoning used for problem-solving and decision-making. Means end-reasoning is modelled as goal-directed argumentation from an agent's goals and known circumstances, and from an action selected as a means, to a decision to carry out the action. Goal-based Reasoning for Argumentation provides an argumentation model of this kind of reasoning showing how it is employed in settings of intelligent deliberation where agents try to collectively arrive at a conclusion on what they should do to move forward in a set of circumstances. The book explains how this argumentation model can help build more realistic computational systems of deliberation and decision-making, and shows how such systems can be applied to solve problems posed by goal-based reasoning in numerous fields, from social psychology and sociology, to law, political science, anthropology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems, and robotics.
Lions under the Throne
Authors: Sedley Stephen
Published: November 2015

Francis Bacon wrote in 1625 that judges must be lions, but lions under the throne. From that day to this, the tension within the state between parliamentary, judicial and executive power has remained unresolved. Lions under the Throne is the first systematic account of the origins and development of the great body of public law by which the state, both institutionally and in relation to the individual, is governed.
Modelling cross-species feed intake responses to thermal stress
Authors: WHITE R. R. , HANIGAN M. D.
Published: November 2015

The objectives of the current study were to compare and model feed intake responses to ambient temperature across species and to assess opportunities to use cross-species (CS) data to parameterize models when species-specific (SS) data were limited. Literature searches were conducted to identify studies reporting intake during thermal stress compared with thermoneutral (TN) conditions. The resulting data set comprised 614 treatment means from 108 studies on livestock responses to thermal stress. An analysis of variance was conducted with the CS data set to identify the effects of species, temperature and species by temperature interactions on intake as (fractional feed intake; FFI). Four models were derived from the CS data set and root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of these models were compared with models of the same form derived from SS data sets. Models used explanatory variables for (1) duration of exposure; (2) mean temperature; (3) minimum and maximum temperatures; or (4) difference between minimum and maximum temperatures. An additional model accounting for temperature and stage of production was derived from the SS data. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the species by temperature interaction did not have a significant effect on FFI. Across species, intake decreased with temperature. Notably, all species demonstrated a constant decrease in intake across the TN zone indicating the previous assumption of constant intake during thermoneutrality may be not fully valid. When compared on a SS basis, SS-derived models had marginally lower RMSPE and higher CCC when compared with models derived from the CS data sets. The model fit with production data had the lowest RMSPE and highest CCC within the study. When compared over temperature ranges with minimal data available in some species (e.g., cold stress), using CS models often resulted in decreased RMSPE and improved CCC when compared with SS models. Although fitting models based on SS data allows for incorporating unique covariates, like level of production, fitting responses based on CS data can help to improve model estimates when knowledge gaps exist.
Morphology of two-dimensional MRI in axial symmetry
Authors: Montani G. , Pugliese D.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we analyse the linear stability of a stellar accretion disk having a stratified morphology. The study is performed in the framework of ideal magneto-hydrodynamics and therefore results in a characterization of the linear unstable magneto-rotational modes. The peculiarity of the present scenario consists of adopting the magnetic flux function as the basic dynamical variable. Such a representation of the dynamics allows us to take account of the co-rotation theorem as a fundamental feature of the ideal plasma equilibrium and to evaluate its impact on the perturbation evolution. According to the Alfvenic nature of the magneto-rotational instability, we consider an incompressible plasma profile and perturbations propagating along the background magnetic field. Furthermore, we develop a local perturbation analysis around fiducial coordinates of the background configuration and deal with very small-scale linear dynamics in comparison to the background inhomogeneity size. The main issue of the present study is that the condition for the emergence of unstable modes is the same in the stratified plasma disk as in the case of a thin configuration. Such a feature is the result of the cancellation of the vertical derivative of the disk angular frequency from the dispersion relation, which implies that only the radial profile of the differential rotation is responsible for the trigger of the growing modes.
Electron flow through biological molecules: does hole hopping protect proteins from oxidative damage?
Authors: Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B.
Published: November 2015

Biological electron transfers often occur between metal-containing cofactors that are separated by very large molecular distances. Employing photosensitizer-modified iron and copper proteins, we have shown that single-step electron tunneling can occur on nanosecond to microsecond timescales at distances between 15 and 20 Å. We also have shown that charge transport can occur over even longer distances by hole hopping (multistep tunneling) through intervening tyrosines and tryptophans. In this perspective, we advance the hypothesis that such hole hopping through Tyr/Trp chains could protect oxygenase, dioxygenase, and peroxidase enzymes from oxidative damage. In support of this view, by examining the structures of P450 (CYP102A) and 2OG-Fe (TauD) enzymes, we have identified candidate Tyr/Trp chains that could transfer holes from uncoupled high-potential intermediates to reductants in contact with protein surface sites.
Acceleration of reaction in charged microdroplets
Authors: Lee Jae Kyoo , Banerjee Shibdas , Nam Hong Gil , Zare Richard N.
Published: November 2015

Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have studied the synthesis of isoquinoline in a charged electrospray droplet and the complexation between cytochromecand maltose in a fused droplet to investigate the feasibility of droplets to drive reactions (both covalent and noncovalent interactions) at a faster rate than that observed in conventional bulk solution. In both the cases we found marked acceleration of reaction, by a factor of a million or more in the former and a factor of a thousand or more in the latter. We believe that carrying out reactions in microdroplets (about 1–15 μm in diameter corresponding to 0·5 pl – 2 nl) is a general method for increasing reaction rates. The mechanism is not presently established but droplet evaporation and droplet confinement of reagents appear to be two important factors among others. In the case of fused water droplets, evaporation has been shown to be almost negligible during the flight time from where droplet fusion occurs and the droplets enter the heated capillary inlet of the mass spectrometer. This suggests that (1) evaporation is not responsible for the acceleration process in aqueous droplet fusion and (2) the droplet–air interface may play a significant role in accelerating the reaction. We argue that this ‘microdroplet chemistry’ could be a remarkable alternative to accelerate slow and difficult reactions, and in conjunction with mass spectrometry, it may provide a new arena to study chemical and biochemical reactions in a confined environment.
A twisting story: how a single gene twists a snail? Mechanogenetics
Authors: Kuroda Reiko
Published: November 2015

Left–right (l–r) symmetry breaking and the establishment of asymmetric animal body plan during embryonic development are fundamental questions in nature. The molecular basis of l–r symmetry breaking of snails is a fascinating topic as it is determined by a maternal single handedness-determining locus at a very early developmental stage. This perspective describes the current state of the art of the chiromorphogenesis, mainly based on our own work, i.e. the first step of l–r symmetry breaking, as proven by our “Mechanogenetics”, before the start of zygotic gene expression, transfer of chirality information to the cell-fate determining stage, and the expression of nodal at the blastula stage. The Nodal signalling pathway is a common mechanism in vertebrates’ chiromorphogenesis in later development. Studies on snails, especiallyLymnaea(L.)stagnalis, shall give important insights into the molecular basis of chiromorphogenesis not only in Lophotrochozoa but in vertebrates as well.
Time-Dependent Resolution of Collagen Deposition During Skin Repair in Rats: A Correlative Morphological and Biochemical Study
Authors: Novaes Rômulo D. , Cupertino Marli C. , Sarandy Mariaurea M. , Souza André , Soares Evelise A. , Gonçalves Reggiani V.
Published: November 2015

Skin samples were used to compare microscopy methods used to quantify collagen with potential applicability to resolve time-dependent collagen deposition during skin wound healing in rats. Skin wounds by secondary intention were made in rats and tissue fragments were collected every 7 days for 21 days. Collagen content determined by biochemical analysis was compared with collagen measured by point counting (PC) on histological skin sections stained by Gomori’s trichrome method (Trichrome/PC), Sirius red under polarized light (PL) microscopy (Sirius red/PL-PC), and computational color segmentation (CS) applied to sections stained with Sirius red (Sirius red/PL-CS). All microscopy methods investigated resolved the time-dependent dynamics of collagen deposition in scar tissue during skin wound healing in rats. Collagen content measured by Sirius red/PL-PC and Sirius red/PL-CS was significantly lower when compared with Trichrome/PC. The Trichrome/PC method provided overestimated values of collagen compared with biochemical analysis. In the early stages of wound healing, which shows high production of noncollagenous molecules, Sirius red/PL-CS and Sirius red/PL-PC methods were more suitable for quantification of collagen fibers. Trichrome staining did not allow clear separation between collagenous and noncollagenous elements in skin samples, introducing a marked bias in collagen quantification.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF L. G. KOVÁCS TO THE THEORY OF PERMUTATION GROUPS
Authors: PRAEGER CHERYL E. , SCHNEIDER CSABA
Published: November 2015

The work of L. G. (Laci) Kovács (1936–2013) gave us a deeper understanding of permutation groups, especially in the O’Nan–Scott theory of primitive groups. We review his contribution to this field.
Mehr Stress durch G8?
Authors: Minkley Nina , Rest Miriam , Terstegen Susanna , Kirchner Wolfgang H. , Wolf Oliver T.
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es die Auswirkungen der Schulzeitverkürzung von der neunjährigen (G9) zur achtjährigen (G8) Gymnasialzeit auf die Stressbelastung von Schülern zu untersuchen. An der Studie nahmen insgesamt 69 Abiturienten des doppelten Abiturjahrganges 2013 in NRW teil. Von diesen wurde mit Hilfe der Cortisolkonzentration im Speichel und der subjektiven Stresseinschätzung die Stressbelastung im Schulalltag erfasst. Des Weiteren wurde auch die langfristige Stressbelastung vor und während der Abiturprüfungen betrachtet, indem die Cortisolkonzentration im Haar analysiert wurde. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass die Cortisolkonzentration der beiden untersuchten Schülergruppen im Tagesverlauf sehr ähnlich ist, wobei die G8-Schülerinnen in der Tendenz eine leicht höhere Cortisolkonzentration aufweisen. Auf das subjektive Stressempfinden hat die Schulbiographie jedoch keinen Einfluss. Des Weiteren steigt die Cortisolkonzentration im Haar beider Schülergruppen zwischen der Vorprüfungs- und Prüfungsphase signifikant an, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Prüfungsphase einen langfristigen Stressor darstellt.
How Long Is a Bolt of Lightning?
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: November 2015

Better calculations of bolt length could help quantify how much climate-changing nitrogen oxide gas is made when lightning strikes.
Hydraulic Fracturing Water Use Is Tied to Environmental Impact
Authors: Strelich Lily
Published: November 2015

New map identifies varying water usage in hydraulic drilling operations across the United States and what this means for potential environmental impacts.
Unusual Deep Water sponge assemblage in South China—Witness of the end-Ordovician mass extinction
Authors: Li Lixia , Feng Hongzhen , Janussen Dorte , Reitner Joachim
Published: November 2015

There are few sponges known from the end-Ordovician to early-Silurian strata all over the world and no records of sponge fossils have been found yet in China during this interval. Here we report a unique sponge assemblage spanning the interval of the end-Ordovician mass extinction from the Kaochiapien Formation (Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian) in South China. This assemblage contains a variety of well-preserved siliceous sponges, including both Burgess Shale-type and modern type taxa. It is clear that this assemblage developed in deep water, low energy ecosystem with less competitors and more vacant niches. Its explosion may be related to the euxinic and anoxic condition as well as the noticeable transgression during the end-Ordovician mass extinction. The excellent preservation of this assemblage is probably due to the rapid burial by mud turbidites. This unusual sponge assemblage provides a link between the Burgess Shale-type deep water sponges and the modern forms. It gives an excellent insight into the deep sea palaeoecology and the macroevolution of Phanerozoic sponges and opens a new window to investigate the marine ecosystem before and after the end-Ordovician mass extinction. It also offers potential to search for exceptional fossil biota across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary interval in China.
The C-terminal Domain Supports a Novel Function for CETPI as a New Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
Authors: García-González Victor , Gutiérrez-Quintanar Nadia , Mas-Oliva Jaime
Published: November 2015

Described by our group a few years ago, the cholesteryl-ester transfer protein isoform (CETPI), exclusively expressed in the small intestine and present in human plasma, lacked a functional identification for a role of physiological relevance. Now, this study introduces CETPI as a new protein with the potential capability to recognise, bind and neutralise lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Peptides derived from the C-terminal domain of CETPI showed that CETPI not only might interact with several LPS serotypes but also might displace LPS bound to the surface of cells. Peptide VSAK, derived from the last 18 residues of CETPI, protected against the cytotoxic effect of LPS on macrophages. At high concentrations, when different cell types were tested in culture, it did not exhibit cytotoxicity by itself and it did prevent the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the generation of oxidative stress conditions. In a rabbit model of septic shock, the infusion of peptide VSAK exerted a protective effect against the effects of LPS and reduced the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in plasma. Therefore, CETPI is proposed as a new protein with the capability to advance the possibilities for better understanding and treatment of the dangerous effects of LPS in vivo.
Impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole on dengue incidence in Bangladesh
Authors: Banu Shahera , Guo Yuming , Hu Wenbiao , Dale Pat , Mackenzie John S. , Mengersen Kerrie , Tong Shilu
Published: November 2015

Dengue dynamics are driven by complex interactions between hosts, vectors and viruses that are influenced by environmental and climatic factors. Several studies examined the role of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in dengue incidence. However, the role of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), a coupled ocean atmosphere phenomenon in the Indian Ocean, which controls the summer monsoon rainfall in the Indian region, remains unexplored. Here, we examined the effects of ENSO and IOD on dengue incidence in Bangladesh. According to the wavelet coherence analysis, there was a very weak association between ENSO, IOD and dengue incidence, but a highly significant coherence between dengue incidence and local climate variables (temperature and rainfall). However, a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) revealed that the association between dengue incidence and ENSO or IOD were comparatively stronger after adjustment for local climate variables, seasonality and trend. The estimated effects were nonlinear for both ENSO and IOD with higher relative risks at higher ENSO and IOD. The weak association between ENSO, IOD and dengue incidence might be driven by the stronger effects of local climate variables such as temperature and rainfall. Further research is required to disentangle these effects.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lysate Increases Re-Epithelialization of Keratinocyte Scratch Assays by Promoting Migration
Authors: Mohammedsaeed Walaa , Cruickshank Sheena , McBain Andrew J. , O’Neill Catherine A.
Published: November 2015

A limited number of studies have investigated the potential of probiotics to promote wound healing in the digestive tract. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether probiotic bacteria or their extracts could be beneficial in cutaneous wound healing. A keratinocyte monolayer scratch assay was used to assess re-epithelialization; which comprises keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Primary human keratinocyte monolayers were scratched then exposed to lysates of Lactobacillus (L) rhamnosus GG, L. reuteri, L. plantarum or L. fermentum. Re-epithelialization of treated monolayers was compared to that of untreated controls. Lysates of L. rhamnosus GG and L. reuteri significantly increased the rate of re-epithelialization, with L. rhamnosus GG being the most efficacious. L. reuteri increased keratinocyte proliferation while L. rhamnosus GG lysate significantly increased proliferation and migration. Microarray analysis of L. rhamnosus GG treated scratches showed increased expression of multiple genes including the chemokine CXCL2 and its receptor CXCR2. These are involved in normal wound healing where they stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and/or migration. Increased protein expression of both CXCL2 and CXCR2 were confirmed by ELISA and immunoblotting. These data demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GG lysate accelerates re-epithelialization of keratinocyte scratch assays, potentially via chemokine receptor pairs that induce keratinocyte migration.
Age-associated changes in rich-club organisation in autistic and neurotypical human brains
Authors: Watanabe Takamitsu , Rees Geraint
Published: November 2015

Macroscopic structural networks in the human brain have a rich-club architecture comprising both highly inter-connected central regions and sparsely connected peripheral regions. Recent studies show that disruption of this functionally efficient organisation is associated with several psychiatric disorders. However, despite increasing attention to this network property, whether age-associated changes in rich-club organisation occur during human adolescence remains unclear. Here, analysing a publicly shared diffusion tensor imaging dataset, we found that, during adolescence, brains of typically developing (TD) individuals showed increases in rich-club organisation and inferred network functionality, whereas individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) did not. These differences between TD and ASD groups were statistically significant for both structural and functional properties. Moreover, this typical age-related changes in rich-club organisation were characterised by progressive involvement of the right anterior insula. In contrast, in ASD individuals, did not show typical increases in grey matter volume and this relative anatomical immaturity was correlated with the severity of ASD social symptoms. These results provide evidence that rich-club architecture is one of the bases of functionally efficient brain networks underpinning complex cognitive functions in adult human brains. Furthermore, our findings suggest that immature rich-club organisation might be associated with some neurodevelopmental disorders.