bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alopecia areata universalis nach Sitagliptin-Einnahme
Authors: Kohlmann Johannes , Ferrer Rubén A. , Markovic Aleksander , Illes Monica , Kunz Manfred
Published: November 2020

Ein 64-jähriger Patient entwickelte 1 Monat nach Therapieeinleitung mit Sitagliptin, einem Dipeptidylpeptidase-4(DPP‑4)-Inhibitor, und Metformin eine Alopecia universalis. Die Therapie des Diabetes wurde auf das Sitagliptin eines anderen Herstellers und Dapagliflozin umgestellt. Auf unser Anraten wurde Sitagliptin abgesetzt und eine Monotherapie mit Dapagliflozin fortgeführt. Nach 6 Wochen war eine erneute Therapie mit Sitagliptin bei unzureichend eingestelltem Diabetes notwendig. Die Alopezie persistierte. Aufgrund des immunologischen Interaktionspotenzials vermuten wir eine Assoziation zwischen DPP-4-Inhibition und der Alopezie. Der kurze therapiefreie Zeitraum scheint zu gering, um ein erneutes Haarwachstum zu beobachten. DPP‑4 kann sowohl eine Inhibition als auch Aktivierung des Immunsystems bewirken.
On machine vision and photographic imagination
Authors: Chávez Heras Daniel , Blanke Tobias
Published: November 2020

In this article we introduce the concept of implied optical perspective in deep learning computer vision systems. Taking the BBC's experimental television programme “Made by Machine: When AI met the Archive” (2018) as a case study, we trace a conceptual and material link between the system used to automatically “watch” the television archive and a specific type of photographic practice. From a computational aesthetics perspective, we show how deep learning machine vision relies on photography, its technical regimes and epistemic advantages, and we propose a novel way to identify the latent camera through which the BBC archive was seen by machine.
AI transparency: a matter of reconciling design with critique
Authors: Hollanek Tomasz
Published: November 2020

In the late 2010s, various international committees, expert groups, and national strategy boards have voiced the demand to ‘open’ the algorithmic black box, to audit, expound, and demystify artificial intelligence. The opening of the algorithmic black box, however, cannot be seen only as an engineering challenge. In this article, I argue that only the sort of transparency that arises from critique—a method of theoretical examination that, by revealing pre-existing power structures, aims to challenge them—can help us produce technological systems that are less deceptive and more just. I relate the question of AI transparency to the broader challenge of responsible making, contending that future action must aim to systematically reconcile design—as a way of concealing—with critique—as a manner of revealing.
On strategy-proofness and single-peakedness: median-voting over intervals
Authors: Klaus Bettina , Protopapas Panos
Published: November 2020

We study correspondences that choose an interval of alternatives when agents have single-peaked preferences over locations and ordinally extend their preferences over intervals. We extend the main results of Moulin (Public Choice 35:437–455, 1980) to our setting and show that the results of Ching (Soc Choice Welf 26:473–490, 1997) cannot always be similarly extended. First, strategy-proofness and peaks-onliness characterize the class of generalized median correspondences (Theorem 1). Second, this result neither holds on the domain of symmetric and single-peaked preferences, nor can in this result min/max continuity substitute peaks-onliness (see counter-Example 3). Third, strategy-proofness and voter-sovereignty characterize the class of efficient generalized median correspondences (Theorem 2).
Rational curves on genus-one fibrations
Authors: Anella Fabrizio
Published: November 2020

In this paper we look for necessary and sufficient conditions for a genus-one fibration to have rational curves. We show that a projective variety with log terminal singularities that admits a relatively minimal genus-one fibration$$X\rightarrow B$$X→Bdoes contain vertical rational curves if and only if it not isomorphic to a finite étale quotient of a product$$\tilde{B}\times E$$B~×EoverB. Many sufficient conditions for the existence of rational curves in a variety that admits a genus-one fibration are proved in this paper.
Long-term persistence of gastric dysbiosis after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer
Authors: Watanabe Toshio , Nadatani Yuji , Suda Wataru , Higashimori Akira , Otani Koji , Fukunaga Shusei , Hosomi Shuhei , Tanaka Fumio , Nagami Yasuaki , Taira Koichi , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Nakatsu Geicho , Hattori Masahira , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: November 2020

Background

Gastric microbiome, other than Helicobacter pylori, plays a role in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Patients who undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection for early GC have a high risk of developing metachronous GC even after successful eradication of H. pylori. Thus, we investigated the microbial profiles and associated changes in such patients after the eradication of H. pylori.

Methods

A total of 19 H. pylori-infected patients with early GC who were or to be treated by endoscopic resection, with paired biopsy samples at pre- and post-eradication therapy, were retrospectively enrolled. Ten H. pylori-negative patients were enrolled as controls. Biopsy samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

H. pylori-positive patients exhibited low richness and evenness of bacteria with the deletion of several genera, including Blautia, Ralstonia, Faecalibacterium, Methylobacterium, and Megamonas. H. pylori eradication partially restored microbial diversity, as assessed during a median follow-up at 13 months after eradication therapy. However, post-eradication patients had less diversity than that in the controls and possessed a lower abundance of the five genera mentioned above. The eradication of H. pylori also altered the bacterial composition, but not to the same extent as that in controls. The microbial communities could be clustered into three separate groups: H. pylori-negative, pre-eradication, and post-eradication.

Conclusion

Changes in dysbiosis may persist long after the eradication of H. pylori in patients with a history of GC. Dysbiosis may be involved in the development of both primary and metachronous GC after the eradication of H. pylori in such patients.
Tracking Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection Across the Globe
Authors: Castro Monzon Federico , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Jeschke Jonathan M.
Published: November 2020

Infection records of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen that has devastated amphibian populations worldwide, have rapidly increased since the pathogen’s discovery. Dealing with so many records makes it difficult to (a) know where, when and in which species infections have been detected, (b) understand how widespread and pervasive Bd is and (c) prioritize study and management areas. We conducted a systematic review of papers and compiled a database with Bd infection records. Our dataset covers 71 amphibian families and 119 countries. The data revealed how widespread and adaptable Bd is, being able to infect over 50% of all tested amphibian species, with over 1000 confirmed host species and being present in 86 countries. The distribution of infected species is uneven among and within countries. Areas where the distributions of many infected species overlap are readily visible; these are regions where Bd likely develops well. Conversely, areas where the distributions of species that tested negative overlap, such as the Atlantic Coast in the USA, suggest the presence of Bd refuges. Finally, we report how the number of tested and infected species has changed through time, and provide a list of oldest detection records per country.
A comprehensive study on bisphenol A degradation by newly isolated strains Acinetobacter sp. K1MN and Pseudomonas sp. BG12
Authors: Noszczyńska Magdalena , Chodór Michalina , Jałowiecki Łukasz , Piotrowska-Seget Zofia
Published: November 2020

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical. Its extensive use has led to the wide occurrence of BPA in various environmental ecosystems, at levels that may cause negative effects to the ecosystem and public health. Although there are many bacteria able to BPA utilization, only a few of them have a strong capacity for its biodegradation. Therefore, it is important to search for new bacteria strains, investigate their BPA biodegradation ability and potential effect of pH and other organic compounds on the process. These tasks have become the object of the present study. The results of our research show that for the newly isolated strains Acinetobacter sp. K1MN and Pseudomonas sp. BG12 after 15 days, with an initial BPA concentration of 100 mg L− 1, the highest BPA removal was achieved at pH 8, while sodium glutamate as a biostimulant best accelerated BPA degradation. Kinetic data for BPA biodegradation by both strains best fitted the Monod model. The specific degradation rate and the half saturation constant were estimated respectively as 8.75 mg L− 1 day− 1 and 111.27 mg L− 1 for Acinetobacter sp. K1MN, and 8.6 mg L− 1 day− 1 and 135.79 mg L− 1 for Pseudomonas sp. BG12. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of BPA for Acinetobacter sp. K1MN was 120 mg L− 1 and for Pseudomonas sp. BG12 it was 123 mg L− 1. The toxicity bioassay (Microtox test) showed that elimination of BPA by both strains is accompanied by reduction of its toxic effect. The ability of tested strains to degrade BPA combined with their high resistance to this xenobiotic indicates that Acinetobacter sp. K1MN and Pseudomonas sp. BG12 are potential tools for BPA removal during wastewater treatment plant.
Culturally modified trees and forest structure at a Kawésqar ancient settlement at Río Batchelor, western Patagonia
Authors: Östlund Lars , Zegers Gabriel , Cáceres Murrie Benjamin , Fernández Macarena , Carracedo-Recasens Robert , Josefsson Torbjörn , Prieto Alfredo , Roturier Samuel
Published: November 2020

Indigenous land use occurring on temporal scales over centuries or millennia shapes forests in specific ways and influences the dynamics of forest ecosystems. It is challenging to study such land use, but analysis of “culturally modified trees” (CMTs) can give precise spatial and temporal information on past land use by indigenous people. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of indigenous use of land and resources in Nothofagus forests by identifying CMTs and analyzing the forest structure dynamics in an ancient Kawésqar settlement site in western Patagonia. Our results show that there are CMTs at Río Batchelor and that the forest structure varies significantly within the site, indicating that Kawésqar people altered the forest by extracting various resources. We conclude that CMT studies have great potential in Nothofagus forests in southernmost America, but also face specific challenges due to environmental conditions and lack of corroborating historical information.
Eigenvalues of zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings
Authors: Mönius Katja
Published: November 2020

We investigate eigenvalues of the zero-divisor graph $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

of finite commutative rings R and study the interplay between these eigenvalues, the ring-theoretic properties of R and the graph-theoretic properties of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

. The graph $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

is defined as the graph with vertex set consisting of all nonzero zero-divisors of R and adjacent vertices x, y whenever $$xy = 0$$

x
y
=
0

. We provide formulas for the nullity of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

, i.e., the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 0 of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

. Moreover, we precisely determine the spectra of $$\Gamma ({\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p)$$

Γ
(

Z
p

×

Z
p

×

Z
p

)

and $$\Gamma ({\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p)$$

Γ
(

Z
p

×

Z
p

×

Z
p

×

Z
p

)

for a prime number p. We introduce a graph product $$\times _{\Gamma }$$

×
Γ

with the property that $$\Gamma (R) \cong \Gamma (R_1) \times _{\Gamma } \cdots \times _{\Gamma } \Gamma (R_r)$$

Γ

(
R
)

≅
Γ

(

R
1

)

×
Γ

⋯

×
Γ

Γ

(

R
r

)

whenever $$R \cong R_1 \times \cdots \times R_r.$$

R
≅

R
1

×
⋯
×

R
r

.

With this product, we find relations between the number of vertices of the zero-divisor graph $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

, the compressed zero-divisor graph, the structure of the ring R and the eigenvalues of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

.
A Novel Dual Antibody Staining Assay to Measure Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activity
Authors: van Hemert Freek , Dam-de Veen Christa , Konings Sil , van der Ven John , van de Stolpe Anja
Published: November 2020

Activity of the canonical estrogen receptor (ER) pathway is equivalent to functional activity of the nuclear ER transcription factor. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that identify nuclear ER in cells and tissue samples are frequently used to assess ER transcriptional activity, however, it remains unclear if this approach is sufficiently predictive of ER pathway activity. This study uses ER-positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) in which ER transcriptional activity was quantified using an mRNA-based ER pathway activity assay. The relationship between ER activity and nuclear ER staining with ER MoAbs was then investigated. Confirming earlier findings, the results show that while the presence of ER in the cell nucleus is a prerequisite for ER activity, it is not predictive of ER transcriptional activity. There were remarkable differences in the behaviours of the antibodies used in the study. EP1 and 1D5 showed reduced nuclear staining when ER was transcriptionally active, while staining with H4624 was independent of ER activity. To improve discrimination between active and inactive nuclear ER based on ER staining, a method was developed which consists of dual ER MoAb immunofluorescent staining, followed by generation of a digital image with a standard digital pathology scanner. Then a cell nucleus detection algorithm and per cell calculation of the nuclear H4624/EP1 fluorescence intensity ratio was applied, where a high H4624/EP1 ratio predicts an active ER pathway. With this method, the EP1 and 1D5 antibodies are interchangeable. We hypothesize that the transcriptional activation of ER hides the epitope recognized by MoAbs EP1 and 1D5, while H4624 binds an ER epitope that remains accessible during ER pathway activation. The method described in this study should add substantial value to the assessment of ER pathway activity for biomedical research and diagnostics.
Parametric instability of a magnetic pendulum in the presence of a vibrating conducting plate
Authors: Boeck Thomas , Sanjari Seyed Loghman , Becker Tatiana
Published: November 2020

A pendulum with an attached permanent magnet swinging in the vicinity of a conductor is a typical experiment for the demonstration of electromagnetic braking and Lenz’ law of induction. When the conductor itself moves, it can transfer energy to the pendulum. An exact analytical model of such an electromagnetic interaction is possible for a flat conducting plate. The eddy currents induced in the plate by a moving magnetic dipole and the resulting force and torque are known analytically in the quasistatic limit, i.e., when the magnetic diffusivity is sufficiently high to ensure an equilibrium of magnetic field advection and diffusion. This allows us to study a simple pendulum with a magnetic dipole moment in the presence of a horizontal plate oscillating in vertical direction. Equilibrium of the pendulum in the vertical position can be realized in three cases considered, i.e., when the magnetic moment is parallel to the rotation axis, or otherwise, its projection onto the plane of motion is either horizontal or vertical. The stability problem is described by a differential equation of Mathieu type with a damping term. Instability is only possible when the vibration amplitude and the distance between plate and magnet satisfy certain constraints related to the simultaneous excitation and damping effects of the plate. The nonlinear motion is studied numerically for the case when the magnetic moment and rotation axis are parallel. Chaotic behavior is found when the eigenfrequency is sufficiently small compared to the excitation frequency. The plate oscillation typically has a stabilizing effect on the inverted pendulum.
Evidence for the Heterogeneity of the Pore Structure of Rocks from Comparing the Results of Various Techniques for Measuring Hydraulic Properties
Authors: Schepp Laura L. , Renner Joerg
Published: November 2020

We applied three oscillatory methods, the previously presented axial pore-pressure and pore-flow methods, and the laboratory application of the radial oscillatory pore-flow method, and performed steady-state flow-through experiments (Darcy tests), for comparison, in experiments on samples of Westerly granite and Wilkeson sandstone. The granite and the sandstone exhibit pore spaces dominated by micro-fractures and by the granular-medium character with a connected porosity of about 1 and 10 %, respectively. Permeability determined by the axial pore-pressure method shows the closest agreement with the results of the Darcy tests. Apparent porosity and drained modulus derived from specific storage capacity deviate from measured connected porosity and reference values, respectively. The observed deviations of the hydraulic properties between methods suggest that they bear information about the structure of the pore space. Only for the sandstone, anisotropy in hydraulic properties appears to contribute to differences between the results of the various methods. We argue that oscillatory testing provides three indicators for heterogeneity, period dependence, the relation between apparent and connected porosity, and the relation between amplitude ratio and apparent penetration depth, calculated from the simple scaling law for homogeneous materials. These indicators consistently classify the samples of Wilkeson sandstone as hydraulically homogeneous and those of Westerly granite as heterogeneous.
Quo Vadis Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems for the Study of Heterogeneous Catalysts Inside the Electron Microscope?
Authors: Boniface Maxime , Plodinec Milivoj , Schlögl Robert , Lunkenbein Thomas
Published: November 2020

During the last decade, modern micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has been used to create cells that can act as catalytic nanoreactors and fit into the sample holders of transmission electron microscopes. These nanoreactors can maintain atmospheric or higher pressures inside the cells as they seal gases or liquids from the vacuum of the TEM column and can reach temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. This has led to a paradigm shift in electron microscopy, which facilitates the local characterization of structural and morphological changes of solid catalysts under working conditions. In this review, we outline the development of state-of-the-art nanoreactor setups that are commercially available and are currently applied to study catalytic reactions in situ or operando in gaseous or liquid environments. We also discuss challenges that are associated with the use of environmental cells. In catalysis studies, one of the major challenge is the interpretation of the results while considering the discrepancies in kinetics between MEMS based gas cells and fixed bed reactors, the interactions of the electron beam with the sample, as well as support effects. Finally, we critically analyze the general role of MEMS based nanoreactors in electron microscopy and catalysis communities and present possible future directions.
Exploration of production conditions: a step towards the development of a community-based breeding program for Butana cattle
Authors: Omer Elhady A. M. , Addo Sowah , Roessler Regina , Schäler Jonas , Hinrichs Dirk
Published: November 2020

In Sudan, many Butana cattle farmers practice indiscriminate crossbreeding to improve the milk yield performance of cows, as organized breeding programs are lacking. Objectives of this study were to identify the current production conditions of Butana cattle and to determine farmers’ production objectives and trait preferences using a field survey. The overall aim was to explore the possibility of establishing a community-based breeding program for the genetic improvement of the breed. A semi-structured questionnaire and field visits were used to collect data from 202 Butana cattle owners. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test, multiple response analysis, and binary logistic regression. Our results showed that Butana cattle farmers mainly raised their animals for milk production. On a five-point scale (5 = most important), milk yield (4.6 ± 0.05), growth performance (4.0 ± 0.07), and lactation length (3.9 ± 0.08) were highly preferred for future development of the breed. One-third of the farmers kept crossbred cattle with on average 4 crossbred animals per herd. About two-thirds of respondents were willing to adopt crossbreeding using exotic breeds to increase milk performance and about the same proportion were willing to exchange breeding bulls and establish farmers’ associations. None of the respondents kept written performance records. However, educated farmers were more likely to adopt record keeping. Farmers’ willingness to engage in associations could be useful for the establishment of a community-based breeding program. Based on the current farmers’ production objectives, the future breeding program should emphasize increasing milk production of the Butana cattle by using improved Butana bulls in village herds.
Application of 3D DIC-Assisted Residual Stress Measurements for Friction Stir Welding Weld from Ultrafine-Grained Aluminum
Authors: Brynk Tomasz , Orłowska Marta , Lewandowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2020

The present study describes a novel approach applying 3D digital image correlation to a hole drilling method to measure residual stresses. Measurements were performed on a friction stir-welded joint made of ultrafine-grained aluminum. The results show that severe plastic deformation did not significantly change the residual stresses, while in the weld’s stir zone they increased to 100 to 200 MPa. The obtained results demonstrate the reliability of the applied residual stress measurement method.
Perceived and Preferred Social Support in Patients Experiencing Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery—a Qualitative Study
Authors: Tolvanen Liisa , Svensson Åsa , Hemmingsson Erik , Christenson Anne , Lagerros Ylva Trolle
Published: November 2020

Purpose

While bariatric surgery generally shows successful weight loss outcomes in patients with obesity, weight regain exists. The aim of this qualitative study was to improve understanding of how patients with substantial weight regain after bariatric surgery experienced the support from family, friends, and healthcare providers, and what kind of support they had preferred.

Materials and Methods

Qualitative data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 16 participants. Mean weight regain from surgery to interview was 36%. The transcribed interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis.

Results

Two main themes and seven sub-themes were formulated. The theme, A lonely struggle, illustrates patients’ feelings of abandonment and struggle during weight regain due to lack of support or unfavorable treatment. Participants commonly blamed themselves for re-gaining weight, and shame made them reluctant to engage in social activities or seek medical care. The theme, Others as sources of compassion and control, covers what support they desired, as well as had perceived to be helpful. Exercising or eating healthy with others was appreciated and felt supportive. Pro-active healthcare support and access to dietitians, physiotherapists, and psychological support were desired.

Conclusion

To optimize the effect of bariatric surgery, support may need to be individualized and lifelong. Since shame and self-blame in patients with weight regain may hinder seeking professional help, care providers may need to initiate follow-up visits. Empathetic and non-judgmental support, access to multidisciplinary healthcare team, as well as peer-support groups may be beneficial to counteract weight regain post-bariatric surgery.
Personality Profiles that Put Users at Risk of Perceiving Technostress
Authors: Pflügner Katharina , Maier Christian , Mattke Jens , Weitzel Tim
Published: November 2020

Some information systems research has considered that individual personality traits influence whether users feel stressed by information and communication technologies. Personality research suggests, however, that personality traits do not act individually, but interact interdependently to constitute a personality profile that guides individual perceptions and behavior. The study relies on the differential exposure-reactivity model to investigate which personality profiles of the Big Five personality traits predispose users to perceive techno-stressors. Using a questionnaire, data was collected from 221 users working in different organizations. That data was analyzed using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Based on the results, six different personality profiles that predispose to perceive high techno-stressors are identified. By investigating personality traits in terms of profiles, it is shown that a high and a low level of a personality trait can influence the perception of techno-stressors. The results will allow users and practitioners to identify individuals who are at risk of perceiving techno-stressors based on their personality profile. The post-survey analysis offers starting points for the prevention of perceived techno-stressors and the related negative consequences for specific personality profiles.
Water and national identity in the Netherlands; the history of an idea
Authors: Mostert Erik
Published: November 2020

According to a popular Dutch theory, water has shaped the Dutch national identity. The Dutch fight against the water would have stimulated perseverance, ingenuity, cooperation and an egalitarian and democratic society. Despite the long water management history of the Netherlands, water became an important part of the self-images of the nation only in the eighteenth Century. In the 1780s the idea that the Dutch had wrung their country from the sea became popular. Initially, this idea was especially popular among the (proto-)liberal opposition, who emphasised the importance of the nation and its achievements. By the end of the nineteenth Century, water had become a national symbol for orthodox Calvinists, Roman Catholics and Socialists too, despite their different views on the nation. Whenever there was fast social change, political turmoil or external threats, as in the late eighteenth Century, the 1930s and 1940s and since the 1990s, the link between water and the Netherlands was used to promote national pride and unity and stimulate action. This link has also been used to promote specific hydraulic works, but it is a topic for further research how widespread and effective this practice was. As this paper is part of a special issue, Water History in the time of COVID-19, it has undergone modified peer review.
Electrification in the automotive industry: effects in remanufacturing
Authors: Casper Robert , Sundin Erik
Published: November 2020

The automotive market is changing. For many years, cars with internal-combustion engines were dominant. Recently, more cars with alternative drive trains have become available, and their market share has increased, a trend that has had an effect on the remanufacturing industry for automotive parts. This paper aims to describe and evaluate the challenges and opportunities in the coming years for the remanufacturing industry as a result of the increasing number and share of electric vehicles. Both theory and empirical data have been used to meet this aim. From theory, the two different drive train concepts of the internal combustion engine and the battery electric vehicle are described, along with the major differences from a remanufacturing standpoint. These differences and effects are described, evaluated, and fully or partly confirmed by industry experts. The results show that future market actors are unset today, less space-consuming machinery parks will be needed, major investments into knowledge and equipment (especially for testing) will be required, and the necessity to handle different kinds of end-of-use/life solutions, especially the recovery for the electric vehicle battery packs, will be a challenge. As future development is still uncertain, the authors recommend that market actors investigate the challenges and opportunities highlighted in this paper and watch future developments carefully.
Case: Pica eating matchstick and its chronic gis effects
Authors: Akgul Hilal
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Unlike the more common eating disorders that cause obvious changes in appearance, Pica can be overlooked due to the patients' tendency to hide and their nature with attacks. In this article, psychiatric evaluation of a female patient complicated with partial obstruction in the gastrointestinal system and eating 4/5 packs of matches daily for 3–4 years was described. When the cases in the literature were examined, it was seen that the diagnosis of Pica, which was made by consuming non-nutritious foods for more than a month, was considered in terms of its obsession-like nature and response to SSRI treatment in some cases, impulse control defect in some cases, anemia and mineral deficiency in some cases. In this article, associating the patient's matchstick eating behavior with the anemic picture rather than OCD or impulsivity; It is aimed to emphasize the importance of Pica disease once again in terms of being life-threatening with its acute or chronic disruptive effects in the gastro intestinal tract.

Highlights:
The Correspondence of Isaac Newton
Authors: Newton Isaac
Published: November 2020

This fourth volume covers the period which was probably the most varied of Newton's whole career. The Principia had already established Newton as the world's foremost mathematician and natural philosopher. In spite of the abstruse nature of the mathematical treatment adopted in its pages, the first edition was rapidly exhausted and, within a very few years, Newton was being urged to consider the preparation of the second edition. This was to contain, inter alia, his further researches upon the motion of the Moon, the solar system, and the behaviour of the comets. Not until 1694, however, did his thoughts upon this project assume definite shape. To carry out his plan, he had need of the most accurate observations available, and for these he turned to the Observatory at Greenwich, where John Flamsteed had been installed as King's Astronomer. So came about that close association between the two men which was to last for many years, though not without frequent interruptions.
The Correspondence of Isaac Newton
Authors: Newton Isaac
Published: November 2020

This first volume is particularly rich in matters of concern to the historian of science. It shows the young Newton in the plenitude of his powers; he himself wrote of the period at Woolsthorpe, which ended before any surviving letters of real consequence were written, 'for in those days I was in the prime of my age for invention, and minded Mathematics and Philosophy more than at any time since'. The main scientific topics with which these letters deal are the reflecting telescope; the early mathematical work; and the fundamental work on the decomposition of white light by the prism.
Yahweh before Israel
Authors: Fleming Daniel E.
Published: November 2020

Yahweh is the proper name of the biblical God. His early character is central to understanding the foundations of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic monotheism. As a deity, the name appears only in connection with the peoples of the Hebrew Bible, but long before Israel, the name is found in an Egyptian list as one group in the land of tent-dwellers, the Shasu. This is the starting-point for Daniel E. Fleming's sharply new approach to the god Yahweh. In his analysis, the Bible's 'people of Yahweh' serve as a clue to how one of the Bronze Age herding peoples of the inland Levant gave its name to a deity, initially outside of any relationship to Israel. For 150 years, the dominant paradigm for Yahweh's origin has envisioned borrowing from peoples of the desert south of Israel. Fleming argues in contrast that Yahweh was not taken from outsiders. Rather, this divine name is evidence for the diverse background of Israel itself.
Isotopic Evidence for Garden Hunting and Resource Depression in the Late Woodland of Northeastern North America
Authors: Guiry Eric , Orchard Trevor J. , Needs-Howarth Suzanne , Szpak Paul
Published: November 2020

Resource depression and garden hunting are major topics of archaeological interest, with important implications for understanding cultural and environmental change. Garden hunting is difficult to study using traditional zooarchaeological approaches, but isotopic analyses of animals may provide a marker for where and when people exploited nondomesticated animals that fed on agricultural resources. To realize the full potential of isotopic approaches for reconstructing garden hunting practices—and the impacts of agriculture on past nondomesticated animal populations more broadly—a wider range of species, encompassing many “ecological perspectives,” is needed. We use bone-collagen isotopic compositions of animals (n= 643, 23 taxa, 39 sites) associated with the Late Woodland (~AD 900−1650) in what is now southern Ontario to test hypotheses about the extent to which animals used maize, an isotopically distinctive plant central to subsistence practices of Iroquoian-speaking peoples across the region. Results show that although some taxa—particularly those that may have been hard to control—had substantial access to maize, most did not, regardless of the animal resource requirements of local populations. Our findings suggest that this isotopic approach to detecting garden hunting will be more successful when applied to smaller-scale societies.
Entrepreneurial education: an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach
Authors: Clark Delwyn N. , Reboud Sophie , Toutain Olivier , Ballereau Valérie , Mazzarol Tim
Published: November 2020

How can an entrepreneurial education programsimultaneouslycreate entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and competencies, as well as new ventures and jobs? This is a particular challenge for universities that are keen to align with government policies and demonstrate impact. Our paper examines a novel approach to enterprise and entrepreneurship education that integrates training/learning with new venture creation by operating as an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE). We outline a comprehensive EE framework and apply this model using an exploratory case study of an EE centred around an innovative academic unit called The Entrepreneurial Garden (TEG) at Burgundy School of Business in Dijon, France. TEG offers entrepreneurial education, research and new venture development as anintegratedportfolio. This analysis shows how an academic unit can be developed as an EE building from local resources and expertise, aligning with macroeconomic policies and priorities, and leveraging partnerships to provide access to other entrepreneurial players, resources and networks.
Important determinants to take into account to optimize protein nutrition in the elderly: solutions to a complex equation
Authors: Dardevet Dominique , Mosoni Laurent , Savary-Auzeloux Isabelle , Peyron Marie-Agnès , Polakof Sergio , Rémond Didier
Published: November 2020

During ageing, skeletal muscle develops anabolic resistance towards the stimulation of protein synthesis induced by dietary amino acids. The stimulation of muscle protein synthesis after food intake remains insufficient, even with a protein intake recommended for healthy adults. This alteration is one of the mechanisms known to be responsible for the decrease of muscle mass and function during ageing, namely sarcopenia. Increasing dietary protein intake above the current RDA(0⋅83 g/kg/d) has been strongly suggested to overcome the anabolic resistance observed. It is also specified that the dietary protein ingested should be of good quality. A protein of good quality is a protein whose amino acid (AA) composition covers the requirement of each AA when ingested at the RDA. However, the biological value of proteins may vary among dietary sources in which AA composition could be unbalanced. In the present review, we suggest that the quality of a dietary protein is also related to several other determinants. These determinants include the speed of digestion of dietary proteins, the presence of specific AA, the food matrix in which the dietary proteins are included, the processes involved in the production of food products (milk gelation and cooking temperature), the energy supply and its nature, and the interaction between nutrients before ingestion. Particular attention is given to plant proteins for nutrition of the elderly. Finally, the timing of protein intake and its association with the desynchronized intake of energetic nutrients are discussed.
Testing the validity of the Cross-Linguistic Lexical Task as a measure of language proficiency in bilingual children
Authors: VAN WONDEREN Elise , UNSWORTH Sharon
Published: November 2020

The Cross-linguistic Lexical Task (CLT; Haman, Łuniewska & Pomiechowska, 2015) is a vocabulary task designed to enable cross-linguistic comparisons both across and within (bilingual) children. In this paper we assessed the validity of the CLT as a measure of language proficiency in bilingual children, by determining the extent to which (i) age-matched, monolingual Spanish-speaking and Dutch-speaking children obtained similar scores, (ii) the CLT correlated with other measures of language proficiency in monolingual and bilingual children, and (iii) whether the factors underlying the CLT's construction, i.e., target words’ estimated Age of Acquisition and Complexity Index, were predictive of children's scores. Our results showed that, while the CLT correlated with other measures and is therefore a valid means of tapping into language proficiency, caution is required when using it to compare children's language proficiency cross-linguistically, as scores for Dutch-speaking and Spanish-speaking monolinguals sometimes differed.
Development and validation of the Readiness for Therapy Questionnaire (RTQ)
Authors: Ghomi Mahdi , Wrightman Miles , Ghaemian Aisan , Grey Nick , Pickup Tabitha , Richardson Thomas
Published: November 2020

Background:

Motivational factors are generally regarded as an important ingredient for change in therapy. However, there is currently a lack of available instruments that can measure clients’ readiness for change in therapy.

Aim:

The objective of this paper was to create an instrument, the Readiness for Therapy Questionnaire (RTQ), which could measure clients’ readiness for change.

Method:

The RTQ was created by researchers following analysis of themes drawn from a review of the literature and interviews with patients at the end of therapy. This included both people who completed therapy and those who dropped out. As part of the standard assessment process, the RTQ was administered to 349 participants (69.6% female and 30.4% male; mean age 37.1 years; 90.5% Caucasian) who were patients at a psychological therapy service for common mental health difficulties.

Result:

An initial 12-item scale was reduced to 6 items. This scale significantly correlated with post-therapy PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores and changes in these scores across therapy. After controlling for baseline scores and demographic variables, a logistic regression showed that scores on this 6-item measure pre-therapy significantly predicted three outcome variables: completing therapy, being recovered on both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 post-therapy, and having a reliable change in both the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 post-therapy. However, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the measure had poor sensitivity and specificity. Symptom severity did not have a significant impact on motivation to change.

Conclusion:

The RTQ is potentially a valid measure with useful clinical applications in treatment of common mental health difficulties.
Phonetic categorization ability and vocabulary size contribute to the encoding of difficult second-language phonological contrasts into the lexicon
Authors: Llompart Miquel
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the contribution of second-language (L2) phonetic categorization abilities and vocabulary size to the phonolexical encoding of challenging non-native phonological contrasts into the L2 lexicon. Two groups of German learners of English differing in L2 proficiency (advanced vs. intermediate) participated in an English lexical decision task including words and nonwords with /ɛ/ and /æ/ (/æ/ does not exist in German), an /ɛ/-/æ/ phonetic categorization task and an English vocabulary test. Results showed that the effects of phonetic categorization and vocabulary size on lexical decision performance were modulated by proficiency: categorization predicted /ɛ/-/æ/ nonword rejection accuracy for intermediate learners, whereas vocabulary did so for advanced learners. This suggests that sufficient phonetic identification ability is key for an accurate phonological representation of difficult L2 phones, but, for learners for whom robust phonetic identification is already in place, their ultimate success is tightly linked to their vocabulary size in the L2.
The effects of in utero exposure to teratogens on organ size: a prospective paediatric study
Authors: De Smidt J. J. A. , Odendaal H. J. , Nel D. G. , Nolan H. , Du Plessis C. , Brink L. T. , Oelofse A.
Published: November 2020

In low-income countries, prospective data on combined effects of in utero teratogen exposure are lacking and necessitates new research. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of in utero teratogen exposure on the size of the kidneys and pancreas 5 years after birth in a low-income paediatric population. Data was collected from 500 mother–child pairs from a low-income setting. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, (BW) body height, mid-upper arm and waist circumference (WC). Clinical measurements included blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Ultrasound measurements included pancreas, and kidney measurements at age 5 years. The main outcome of interest was the effect of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on ultrasound measurements of organ size at age 5 years. Left and right kidney length measurements were significantly lower in smoking exposed children compared to controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03). Pancreas body measurements were significantly lower in smoking exposed children (p = 0.04). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the independent variables (IDVs), maternal age, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and BW of the child, on the dependent variables (DVs) kidney lengths and kidney volumes. Also, the association between in utero exposure to alcohol and nicotine and pancreas size. WC was strongest (r = 0.28; p < 0.01) associated with pancreas head [F (4, 454) = 13.44; R2 = 0.11; p < 0.01] and tail (r = 0.30; p < 0.01) measurements at age 5 years, with in utero exposure, sex of the child and BMI as covariates. Kidney length and pancreas body measurements are affected by in utero exposure to nicotine at age 5 years and might contribute to cardiometabolic risk in later life. Also, findings from this study report on ultrasound reference values for kidney and pancreas measurements of children at age 5 years from a low-income setting.
Magmatic Response to Subduction Initiation, Part II: Boninites and Related Rocks of the Izu‐Bonin Arc From IODP Expedition 352
Authors: Shervais John W. , Reagan Mark K. , Godard Marguerite , Prytulak Julie , Ryan Jeffrey G. , Pearce Julian A. , Almeev Renat R. , Li Hongyan , Haugen Emily , Chapman Timothy , Kurz Walter , Nelson Wendy R. , Heaton Daniel E. , Kirchenbaur Maria , Shimizu Kenji , Sakuyama Tetsuya , Vetter Scott K. , Li Yibing , Whattam Scott
Published: November 2020

International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 352 to the Izu‐Bonin forearc cored over 800 m of basement comprising boninite and boninite‐series lavas. This is the most extensive, well‐constrained suite of boninite series lavas ever obtained from in situ oceanic crust. The boninites are characterized as high‐silica boninite (HSB), low‐silica boninite (LSB), or basaltic boninite based on their SiO2‐MgO‐TiO2 relations. The principal fractionation products of all three series are high‐Mg andesites (HMA). Lavas recovered >250 meters below seafloor (mbsf) erupted at a forearc spreading axis and are dominated by LSB and HMA. Lavas recovered from <250 mbsf erupted off‐axis and are dominated by HSB. The axial and off‐axis lavas are characterized by distinct chemostratigraphic trends in their major, trace, and isotopic compositions. The off‐axis lavas are chemically similar to boninite from the type locality at Chichijima, with concave‐upward rare earth elements patterns. In contrast, the more abundant axial lavas have distinctly light rare earth element‐depleted patterns and represent a new, previously unsampled precursor to the Chichijima‐type boninite lavas. Petrogenetic modeling suggests that the axial lavas formed by fluxing of refractory mantle (likely the residue from forearc basalt extraction), with amphibolite‐facies melt derived from subducting altered oceanic crust. The upper, off‐axis lavas require an additional component of sediment‐derived melt in addition. Both models are consistent with previously published isotopic data.
Variation in Concentration and Sources of Black Carbon in a Megacity of China During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhang Jian , Sun Xin , Xu Shengchen , Shan Meng , Yuan Qi , Liu Lei , Du Zhenhong , Liu Dantong , Xu Da , Song Congbo , Liu Bowen , Lu Gongda , Shi Zongbo , Li Weijun
Published: November 2020

Black carbon (BC) not only warms the atmosphere but also affects human health. The nationwide lockdown due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to a major reduction in human activity during the past 30 years. Here, the concentration of BC in the urban, urban‐industry, suburb, and rural areas of a megacity Hangzhou were monitored using a multiwavelength Aethalometer to estimate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on BC emissions. The citywide BC decreased by 44% from 2.30 to 1.29 μg/m3 following the COVID‐19 lockdown period. The source apportionment based on the Aethalometer model shows that vehicle emission reduction responded to BC decline in the urban area and biomass burning in rural areas around the megacity had a regional contribution of BC. We highlight that the emission controls of vehicles in urban areas and biomass burning in rural areas should be more efficient in reducing BC in the megacity Hangzhou.
Size Polydispersity Tunes Slip Avalanches of Granular Gouge
Authors: Ma Gang , Zou Yuxiong , Gao Ke , Zhao Jidong , Zhou Wei
Published: November 2020

Granular materials have frequently been used as representations of natural fault gouges. Although they can reproduce proper avalanche behaviors, the universality of the scaling exponent of avalanche size remains debatable. As a core issue in both amorphous plasticity and geophysics, avalanche universality may help reconcile the avalanche behaviors of earthquake and granular materials into the same universality class. We examine numerically the signatures of stress avalanches emerging from quasi‐static shear of granular materials with different size polydispersity. A persistent serrated plastic flow phenomenon is observed in our models with varying polydispersity. The stress drop is well defined by a truncated power law distribution P(s) ~ s−τexp(−s/smax). The exponent τ and cutoff stress drop smax show a clear dependence on polydispersity, which reflects a tuned criticality. We further calculate the effective temperature from the statistics of energy fluctuations. The effective temperature volatility can be used to explain the tuned critical behaviors of granular gouge.