bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Duration Prediction at Public Charging Stations: The Case of Morocco
Authors: Mouaad Boulakhbar , Farag Markos , Kawtar Benabdelaziz , Tarik Kousksou , Malika Zazi
Published: March 2022

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing worldwide as it may help reduce reliance on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the large-scale use of charging stations for electric vehicles poses some challenges to the power grid and public infrastructure. To overcome the problem of extended charging time, the simple solution of increasing the charging station and increasing the charging capacity does not work due to the load and space limitation of the power grid. Therefore, researchers focused on developing intelligent planning algorithms to manage the demand for public charging based on predicting the charging time of electric vehicles. As a result, this paper proposes a deep learning approach for predicting the duration of charging sessions. These approaches are validated using a real-world dataset of charging processes collected at public charging stations in Morocco. Numerical results show that the gated recurrent units (GRU) regression method slightly outperforms the other methods in predicting the charging sessions duration. Accurate prediction of electric vehicles charging duration has many potential applications for utilities and charging operators, including grid reliability, scheduling, and smart grid integration. In the case of Morocco, the massive deployment of EVs can cause a variety of problems to the electrical system due to the considerable charging power and stochastic charging behaviors of electric vehicle drivers. Thanks to this study's results, we can assess the expected impact of additional EVs on the grid, considering specific characteristics of the Moroccan power system.
Effect of cooling rate on the size fluctuation of V-containing phases in Al-V master alloys
Authors: Meng Yi , Li Cen , Cao Leigang , Yang Yue , Liu Xiaorang
Published: March 2022

To investigate the relationship between the solidification cooling rate and the size fluctuation of different V-containing phases, Al-4 wt. % V master alloys with various V-containing constituents were prepared at different cooling rates carried out by a wedge-shaped water-cooled copper mold, a graphite mold and a refractory mold at 1050°C, respectively. The variance of lognormal density function was used to characterize the size fluctuation of V-containing phases quantitatively. The results show that the largest size difference of both Al10V phases and Al3V phases is simultaneously present in the ingot prepared by the average solidification cooling rate of 2°C·s-1, while the smallest difference of Al10V phases in size is present in the ingot prepared by the average solidification cooling rate of 271°C·s-1. The size fluctuation of the Al3V phases first increases slightly and then decreases with increasing average solidification cooling rate in the range of 30~195°C·s-1.
34. Austrotransplant 2021 vom 20.–22.10.2021 in Spielberg (Österreich)
Authors: Marks Lara
Published: March 2022

Im Rahmen der österreichischen Pflegetagung wurde der Cytosorbents-Poster-Preis im Wert von 500 Euro an den AKTX-Pflege e. V. für die Arbeit an dem Poster „Wer ist der AKTX-Pflege e. V. aus Deutschland“ verliehen (3. Platz).
Wie gut sind wir in unseren Dialysezentren auf Notlagen und Katastrophen vorbereitet?
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: March 2022

Am 09.12.2022 habe ich an einem der interessanten Webinare des EDTNA/ERCA teilgenommen. Dr. Raymond Vanholder (Belgien), bis 2014 Vorsitzender der „Renal Disaster Relief Task Force“ (RDRTF) der ISN (International Society of Nephrology) informierte uns sehr eindrucksvoll und praxisnah. 1989 gründete die ISN die RDRTF nach einem Erdbeben in Armenien. Diese tritt gemeinsam mit der Organisation „Ärzte ohne Grenzen“ z. B. nach einem Erdbeben, einer Lawine, einem Hurrikan, einem Tornado, einem Erdrutsch oder einem Mineneinsturz in Aktion. Aber auch bei Krieg- und Terrorismusfolgen sind sie im Einsatz – hauptsächlich, um eine Versorgung der Menschen mit akutem Nierenversagen sicherzustellen.
Aligning polymer fibers to improve organic piezoelectric performance
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: March 2022

Electrospinning process increases airflow to deposit highly aligned fibers, making biocompatible polymers for wearable and biomedical applications more efficient.
Governmentality-in-action
Authors: Clifton Jonathan , Jacobs Geert , Valeiras-Jurado Julia , Vandendaele Astrid
Published: March 2022

Foucault’s notion of governmentality has been the focus of much research. However, little work provides an account
of how governmentality is enacted as social practice. Using transcripts of naturally-occurring talk taken from a face-to-face
coaching session and text taken from a career consultant’s website as data, the purpose of this paper is to make visible, and thus
analysable, the way in which governmentality and the regulation of identities are enacted. In order to do this, we use critical
discursive psychology as a method. Findings indicate that the coach is talked into being as an expert who diagnoses a ‘problem’
concerning the coachee’s career path and provides advice on how to solve the ‘problem’. This advice, drawing on wider social
Discourses of happiness at work, regulates the identity of the coachee by prescribing acceptable ways of thinking about, and
acting on, the self and so enacts governmentality.
Current carrying states in the disordered quantum anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Dai Yi-Ming , Wang Si-Si , Yu Yan , Guan Ji-Huan , Wang Hui-Hui , Zhang Yan-Yang
Published: March 2022

In a quantum Hall effect, flat Landau levels may be broadened by disorder. However, it has been found that in the thermodynamic limit, all extended (or current carrying) states shrink to one single energy value within each Landau level. On the other hand, a quantum anomalous Hall effect consists of dispersive bands with finite widths. We numerically investigate the picture of current carrying states in this case. With size scaling, the spectrum width of these states in each bulk band still shrinks to a single energy value in the thermodynamic limit, in a power law way. The magnitude of the scaling exponent at the intermediate disorder is close to that in the quantum Hall effects. The number of current carrying states obeys similar scaling rules, so that the density of states of current carrying states is finite. Other states in the bulk band are localized and may contribute to the formation of a topological Anderson insulator.
First-principles study on β-GeS monolayer as high performance electrode material for alkali metal ion batteries
Authors: Wan Meiqian , Zhang Zhongyong , Zhao Shangquan , Zhou Naigen
Published: March 2022

Based on the density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the feasibility of two-dimensional β-GeS monolayer as high-performance anodes for alkali metal ion batteries. The results show that the electrical conductivity of β-GeS monolayer can be enhanced after adsorbing the alkali metal atoms owing to the semiconductor-to-metal transition. The low diffusion barriers of alkali metal atoms on the β-GeS surface indicate a rapid charge/discharge rate without metal clustering. Moreover, the low average open-circuit voltage (0.211 V) and a high theoretical capacity (1024 mAh⋅g−1) for Na suggest that the β-GeS monolayer is a promising anode material for Na-ion batteries with high performance.
Braided symmetries in noncommutative field theory
Authors: Giotopoulos Grigorios , Szabo Richard J
Published: March 2022

We give a pedagogical introduction to L
∞-algebras and their uses in organising the symmetries and dynamics of classical field theories, as well as of the conventional noncommutative gauge theories that arise as low-energy effective field theories in string theory. We review recent developments which formulate field theories with braided gauge symmetries as a new means of overcoming several obstacles in the standard noncommutative theories, such as the restrictions on gauge algebras and matter fields. These theories can be constructed by using techniques from Drinfel’d twist deformation theory, which we review in some detail, and their symmetries and dynamics are controlled by a new homotopy algebraic structure called a ‘braided L
∞-algebra’. We expand and elaborate on several novel theoretical issues surrounding these constructions, and present three new explicit examples: the standard noncommutative scalar field theory (regarded as a braided field theory), a braided version of BF theory in arbitrary dimensions (regarded as a higher gauge theory), and a new braided version of noncommutative Yang–Mills theory for arbitrary gauge algebras.
Biomedical detection dogs for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections from axillary sweat and breath samples
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Authors: Devillier Philippe , Gallet Capucine , Salvator Hélène , Lecoq-Julien Clothilde , Naline Emmanuel , Roisse Didier , Levert Clément , Breton Erwan , Galtat Arnaud , Decourtray Sandra , Prevel Laura , Grassin-Delyle Stanislas , Grandjean Dominique
Published: March 2022

A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of a nasal swab is still the ‘gold standard’ for detecting a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, PCR testing could be usefully complemented by non-invasive, fast, reliable, cheap methods for detecting infected individuals in busy areas (e.g. airports and railway stations) or remote areas. Detection of the volatile, semivolatile and non-volatile compound signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection by trained sniffer dogs might meet these requirements. Previous studies have shown that well-trained dogs can detect SARS-CoV-2 in sweat, saliva and urine samples. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of dogs trained to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in axillary-sweat-stained gauzes and on expired breath trapped in surgical masks. The samples were provided by individuals suffering from mild-to-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), asymptomatic individuals, and individuals vaccinated against COVID-19. Results: Seven trained dogs tested on 886 presentations of sweat samples from 241 subjects and detected SARS-CoV-2 with a diagnostic sensitivity (relative to the PCR test result) of 89.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.4%–92.2%) and a specificity of 83.9% (95% CI: 80.3%–87.0%)—even when people with a low viral load were included in the analysis. When considering the 207 presentations of sweat samples from vaccinated individuals, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 85.7% (95% CI: 68.5%–94.3%) and 86.0% (95% CI: 80.2%–90.3%). The likelihood of a false-positive result was greater in the two weeks immediately after COVID-19 vaccination. Four of the seven dogs also tested on 262 presentations of mask samples from 98 subjects; the diagnostic sensitivity was 83.1% (95% CI: 73.2%–89.9%) and the specificity was 88.6% (95% CI: 83.3%–92.4%). There was no difference (McNemar’s test P = 0.999) in the dogs’ abilities to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in paired samples of sweat-stained gauzes vs surgical masks worn for only 10 min. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the promise of SARS-CoV-2 screening by detection dogs and broaden the method’s scope to vaccinated individuals and easy-to-obtain face masks, and suggest that a ‘dogs + confirmatory rapid antigen detection tests’ screening strategy might be worth investigating.
Insight into the mechanism of geranyl-β-phellandrene formation catalyzed by Class IB terpene synthases
Authors: Iwakata Shogo , Asada Kazuya , Nishi Tomoyuki , Stepanova Rafaella , Shinoda So , Ueda Daijiro , Fujihashi Masahiro , Yasuno Yoko , Shinada Tetsuro , Sato Tsutomu
Published: March 2022

Terpene synthase (TS) from Bacillus alcalophilus (BalTS) is the only Class IB TS for which a 3D structure has been elucidated. Recently, geranyl-β-phellandrene, a novel cyclic diterpene, was identified as a product of BalTS in addition to the acyclic β-springene. In the present study, we have provided insight into the mechanism of geranyl-β-phellandrene formation. Deuterium labeling experiments revealed that the compound is produced via a 1,3-hydride shift. In addition, nonenzymatic reactions using divalent metal ions were performed. The enzyme is essential for the geranyl-β-phellandrene formation. Furthermore, BalTS variants targeting tyrosine residues enhanced the yield of geranyl-β-phellandrene and the proportion of the compound of the total products. It was suggested that the expansion of the active site space may allow the conformation of the intermediates necessary for cyclization. The present study describes the first Class IB TSs to successfully alter product profiles while retaining high enzyme activity.
Sex-specific evolution of brain size and structure and covariation with eye size in Trinidadian killifish
Authors: Howell Kaitlyn J , Beston Shannon M , Walsh Matthew R
Published: March 2022

Links between contrasting ecological conditions and evolutionary shifts in neurosensory components, such as brain and eye size, are accumulating. Whether selection operates in a different manner on these traits between sexes is unclear. Trinidadian killifish (Anablepsoides hartii) are found in sites with and without predators. Male killifish from sites without predators have evolved larger brains and eyes than males from sites with predators. These differences in brain size are present early in life but disappear in adult size classes. Here, we evaluated female brain growth allometries to determine whether females exhibit similar size-specific differences in brain size between sites that differ in predation intensity. We also quantified brain size and structure and eye size to determine whether these structures co-evolved in a sex-specific manner. We found that female brain growth allometries did not differ across populations. Yet, female killifish from sites without predators exhibited a larger cerebellum, optic tectum and dorsal medulla early in life (before maturation), although such differences disappeared in larger size classes. Females from sites with predators exhibited similar patterns in brain growth to males in those sites; therefore, shifts in brain size and structure are driven by differences between sexes in sites without predators. We also found evidence for covariation between brain and eye size in both sexes despite different levels of variation in both structures, suggesting that these structures might covary to fluctuating degrees in sex-specific ways. We conclude that differential investment in brain tissue in sites without predators might be linked to varying reproductive and cognitive demands between the sexes.
Careful Digital Kinship: Understanding Multispecies Digital Kinship, Choreographies of Care and Older Adults During the Pandemic in Australia
Authors: Hjorth Larissa
Published: March 2022

During the pandemic many aspects of our life were recalibrated through the digital—highlighting the paradoxes of the digital for both empowerment and exploitation. In particular, the pandemic demonstrated the increasing role of the digital in shaping, and being shaped by, kinship. Kinship is a complex term that captures our relationality, intimacies and connections. Kinship is always in action, always becoming. Throughout the pandemic, some cohorts such as older adults (65 years +) were disproportionally disadvantaged due to the uneven digital literacies skills. In this article I expand upon the role of digital kinship as part of human and more-than-human choreography of (informal) care for older adults in Australia. I also reflect on the role of creative forms of knowledge transmission such as illustrations and placemaking games to curate public awareness and enact change.
Quantification of thermal impacts across freshwater life stages to improve temperature management for anadromous salmonids
Authors: FitzGerald Alyssa M , Martin Benjamin T
Published: March 2022

Water temperature is the major controlling factor that shapes the physiology, behaviour and, ultimately, survival of aquatic ectotherms. Here we examine temperature effects on the survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a species of high economic and conservation importance. We implement a framework to assess how incremental changes in temperature impact survival across populations that is based on thermal performance models for three freshwater life stages of Chinook salmon. These temperature-dependent models were combined with local spatial distribution and phenology data to translate spatial–temporal stream temperature data into maps of life stage-specific physiological performance in space and time. Specifically, we converted temperature-dependent performance (i.e. energy used by pre-spawned adults, mortality of incubating embryos and juvenile growth rate) into a common currency that measures survival in order to compare thermal effects across life stages. Based on temperature data from two abnormally warm and dry years for three managed rivers in the Central Valley, California, temperature-dependent mortality during pre-spawning holding was higher than embryonic mortality or juvenile mortality prior to smolting. However, we found that local phenology and spatial distribution helped to mitigate negative thermal impacts. In a theoretical application, we showed that high temperatures may inhibit successful reintroduction of threatened Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon to two rivers where they have been extirpated. To increase Chinook salmon population sizes, especially for the threatened and declining spring-run, our results indicate that adults may need more cold-water holding habitat than currently available in order to reduce pre-spawning mortality stemming from high temperatures. To conclude, our framework is an effective way to calculate thermal impacts on multiple salmonid populations and life stages within a river over time, providing local managers the information to minimize negative thermal impacts on salmonid populations, particularly important during years when cold-water resources are scarce.
Cannulation strategy in frozen elephant trunk for type A aortic dissection: double arterial cannulation approach
Authors: Liang Shenghua , Liu Yanxiang , Zhang Bowen , Dun Yaojun , Guo Hongwei , Qian Xiangyang , Sun Xiaogang
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES

The goal of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of double arterial cannulation (DAC), axillary cannulation and femoral cannulation in patients undergoing frozen elephant trunk for type A aortic dissection.

METHODS

Between 2015 and 2020, the study included 488 patients and was divided into 3 groups: 171 in the DAC group, 217 in the axillary group and 100 in the femoral group. Overall survival was the primary end point and clinical outcomes were analysed after inverse probability weighting.

RESULTS

A total of 43 patients died during the follow-up period. DAC group presented higher percentages of coeliac trunk, renal and iliac artery malperfusion, but early outcomes and overall survival did not differ among groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that in patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass duration ≥180 min, DAC approach was associated with a tendency to improved overall survival compared with axillary [hazard ratio (HR): 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.90, P = 0.029) and femoral cannulation (HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–1.03, P = 0.058). Inverse probability weighting adjustment (axillary as reference: HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.86, P = 0.022; femoral as reference: HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11–0.90, P = 0.030) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model (covariates including age, gender, acute dissection, any organ malperfusion and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest) confirmed this result.

CONCLUSIONS

DAC approach was commonly used in patients with branch artery malperfusion and clinical outcomes did not differ compared with axillary and femoral cannulation. It provides a flexible and effective option with adequate perfusion for cases with various dissection-involved statuses and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: defining proportion in the microscopic realm during the 17th century
Authors: Davis Ian M
Published: March 2022

This article examines comparisons Antoni van Leeuwenhoek made between everyday objects, such as grains of sand, millet seeds, and hairs, and the structures and objects he observed through his single-lens microscopes. These comparisons, their possible origins in commerce, and the variety of Leeuwenhoek's observations have not been appreciated widely for their elegance. His measurements of the microscopic world might have grown out of his time as an apprentice to William Davidson, an international cloth merchant in Amsterdam, Leeuwenhoek's surveying licensure, drapery business, and other commercial experiences in Delft. Leeuwenhoek initiated the use of comparisons in his 28 April 1673 letter to the Royal Society, his first letter describing his observations. He compared animalcules, blood cells, fat globules, veins and arteries, insect, plant, and mineral structures to a range of conventional, although tiny objects such as fine and coarse grains of sand, millet grains, human hairs, and other items. In many of his comparisons, he arrived at size estimates for the objects that are very close to the sizes found using current instruments and techniques. Examples of Leeuwenhoek's comparisons will be provided.
How to remove or control confounds in predictive models, with applications to brain biomarkers
Authors: Chyzhyk Darya , Varoquaux Gaël , Milham Michael , Thirion Bertrand
Published: March 2022

Background

With increasing data sizes and more easily available computational methods, neurosciences rely more and more on predictive modeling with machine learning, e.g., to extract disease biomarkers. Yet, a successful prediction may capture a confounding effect correlated with the outcome instead of brain features specific to the outcome of interest. For instance, because patients tend to move more in the scanner than controls, imaging biomarkers of a disease condition may mostly reflect head motion, leading to inefficient use of resources and wrong interpretation of the biomarkers.

Results

Here we study how to adapt statistical methods that control for confounds to predictive modeling settings. We review how to train predictors that are not driven by such spurious effects. We also show how to measure the unbiased predictive accuracy of these biomarkers, based on a confounded dataset. For this purpose, cross-validation must be modified to account for the nuisance effect. To guide understanding and practical recommendations, we apply various strategies to assess predictive models in the presence of confounds on simulated data and population brain imaging settings. Theoretical and empirical studies show that deconfounding should not be applied to the train and test data jointly: modeling the effect of confounds, on the training data only, should instead be decoupled from removing confounds.

Conclusions

Cross-validation that isolates nuisance effects gives an additional piece of information: confound-free prediction accuracy.
KLR and Schur Algebras for Curves and Semi-Cuspidal Representations
Authors: Maksimau Ruslan , Minets Alexandre
Published: March 2022

Given a smooth curve $C$, we define and study analogues of KLR algebras and quiver Schur algebras, where quiver representations are replaced by torsion sheaves on $C$. In particular, they provide a geometric realization for certain affinized symmetric algebras. When $C={\mathbb{P}}^1$, a version of curve Schur algebra turns out to be Morita equivalent to the imaginary semi-cuspidal category of the Kronecker quiver in any characteristic. As a consequence, we argue that one should not expect to have a reasonable theory of parity sheaves for affine quivers.
Morphological, Molecular and MALDI-TOF MS Identification of Bedbugs and AssociatedWolbachiaSpecies in Rural Senegal
Authors: Ndiaye El Hadji Ibrahima , Diatta Georges , Diarra Adama Zan , Berenger Jean Michel , Bassene Hubert , Mediannikov Oleg , Bouganali Charles , Sokhna Cheikh , Parola Philippe
Published: March 2022

Bed bugs are known to carry several microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bed bug infestation in two rural areas of Senegal and determine the species present in the population. A screening was conducted to detect some arthropod associated pathogenic bacteria in bed bugs and to evaluate the prevalence of endosymbiont carriage. One survey took place in 17 villages in Niakhar and two surveys in Dielmo and Ndiop and surroundings area in the same 20 villages. Bed bugs collected were identified morphologically and by MALDI-TOF MS tools. Microorganisms screening was performed by qPCR and confirmed by sequencing. During the survey in the Niakhar region, only one household 1/255 (0.4%) in the village of Ngayokhem was found infested by bed bugs. In a monitoring survey of the surroundings of Dielmo and Ndiop area, high prevalence was found during the two rounds of surveys in 65/314 (21%) in 16/20 villages (January–March) and 93/351 (26%) in 19/20 villages (December). All bed bugs were morphologically identified as the species Cimex hemipterus, of which 285/1,637 (17%) were randomly selected for MALDI-TOF MS analysis and bacteria screening. Among the Bacteria tested only Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) DNA was found in 248/276 (90%) of the bedbugs. We briefly describe a high level of non-generalized bed bug infestation in rural Senegal and the diversity of Wolbachia strains carried by C. hemipterus. This study opens perspectives for raising household awareness of bed bug infestations and possibilities for appropriate control.
Not Too Much, Not Too Little: Centralization, Decentralization, and Organizational Change
Authors: Altamimi Hala , Liu Qiaozhen , Jimenez Benedict
Published: March 2022

The outcomes of centralized or decentralized decision making in public organizations have been a subject of intense debate in the literature for more than a century now. This study revisits this debate by examining whether the degree of centralization influences the implementation of four types of organizational changes: reorganization, service contracting, technology adoption, and performance information use. We conceive of organizational decision making as a ladder—at one end is a very centralized approach where the chief executive primarily makes all major decisions, and at the opposite end is a highly decentralized approach where lower-level employees participate in shaping strategic decisions. Using the results from a national survey of midsized and large city governments, the ordered probit regressions, and additional robustness tests, show that moderation matters more than the polar ends. Moreover, moderate centralization and decentralization have distinct influences on the implementation of different types of organizational change. The findings challenge the conventional thinking that the choice between centralization or decentralization is binary, where one structure is always better than the other. Consistent with contingency theory, public organizations demonstrate strategic behavior in the choice of decision-making structure to adapt to environmental and organizational contingencies.
Cytomegalovirus adrenalitis mimicking adrenal metastasis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Park Jin-soo , Ben-David Matan , McKenzie Catriona , Sandroussi Charbel
Published: March 2022

The adrenal gland is a common site of metastasis due to its rich blood supply. Adrenalectomy is typical treatment in the management of oligometastatic disease. We present an unexpected finding of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related adrenalitis mimicking adrenal metastasis. A 54-year-old female was reviewed with a history of BRCA2-mutated, hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal cancer of the right breast diagnosed 12 years prior. Surveillance fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) demonstrated a new focus of FDG avidity in the left adrenal gland, for which she underwent adrenalectomy. Histopathology revealed CMV-related adrenalitis in an otherwise immunocompetent patient without history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other immunocompromise. We describe the first case of CMV adrenalitis in a patient without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This case was initially presumed to be adrenal metastasis in the context of disseminated metastatic breast cancer and a PET-avid left adrenal lesion.
From the state of the art to new directions in researching what Brexit means for migration and migrants
Authors: Benson Michaela , Sigona Nando , Zambelli Elena , Craven Catherine
Published: March 2022

What has Brexit meant for migration and migrants? How has the geopolitical repositioning of the UK in consequence of the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) impacted on the experiences of long-established migrant communities and newly arrived migrants? In what ways are the impacts of Brexit differentially experienced across migrant communities according to, inter alia, class, gender, age, country of origin, disability, and race? How has migration scholarship addressed Brexit and its impact on migration and migration governance? And what has been the significance of migration research within this project?

This critical review of migration studies scholarship literature focussed on Brexit and migration, we draw out the dominant themes and gaps in this emergent field and consider how these reconfigure the ‘spotlights’ and ‘blindspots’ in migration research from methodological nationalism to. In this way, we identify the potential for new lines of enquiry for research on Brexit and migration.
The primordial matter power spectrum on sub-galactic scales
Authors: Gilman Daniel , Benson Andrew , Bovy Jo , Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso , Nierenberg Anna
Published: March 2022

The primordial matter power spectrum quantifies fluctuations in the distribution of dark matter immediately following inflation. Over cosmic time, overdense regions of the primordial density field grow and collapse into dark matter haloes, whose abundance and density profiles retain memory of the initial conditions. By analysing the image magnifications in 11 strongly lensed and quadruply imaged quasars, we infer the abundance and concentrations of low-mass haloes, and cast the measurement in terms of the amplitude of the primordial matter power spectrum. We anchor the power spectrum on large scales, isolating the effect of small-scale deviations from the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) prediction. Assuming an analytic model for the power spectrum and accounting for several sources of potential systematic uncertainty, including three different models for the halo mass function, we obtain correlated inferences of $\log _{10}\left(P / P_{\Lambda \rm {CDM}}\right)$, the power spectrum amplitude relative to the predictions of the concordance cosmological model, of $0.0_{-0.4}^{+0.5}$, $0.1_{-0.6}^{+0.7}$, and $0.2_{-0.9}^{+1.0}$ at k = 10, 25, and 50 $\rm {Mpc^{-1}}$ at $68 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence, consistent with CDM and single-field slow-roll inflation.
Late Quaternary land snail faunas of the Desertas Islands (Madeira): high diversity and endemism followed by recent impoverishment and extinction
Authors: Teixeira Dinarte , Groh Klaus , Yanes Yurena , Pokryszko Beata M , Silva Isamberto , Cameron Robert A D
Published: March 2022

Late Quaternary deposits containing fossil snail shells were sampled from nine sites on Deserta Grande and three on Bugio, two of the three Desertas Islands in the oceanic Madeiran archipelago. In total, 3,432 shells representing 45 species or subspecies were retrieved. Calibrated amino acid racemization yielded ages ranging from >45 to 6 ka, with variation by site often confounded by reworking of mostly colluvial deposits. The assemblages found are compared with the extant fauna, itself a subject of intensive recent study. Of the 45 taxa, 18 are apparently extinct, and a further 5 no longer survive on the Desertas. A similar pattern emerges when each island is considered separately. The level of local extinction (c. 50%) is greater than seen on the larger, nearby islands of Madeira and Porto Santo. There are few endemic species in the extant fauna not represented in the fossil assemblages, but there are a number of possibly adventitious species, some with wide distributions in Europe. There is little evidence of faunal change within the limits of the age range available, and extinction seems to be concentrated in the later Holocene. It is attributed to the massive habitat destruction that occurred subsequent to human occupation from the 15th century CE onwards. The study emphasizes the depauperate nature of many extant island faunas subject to human disturbance.
Inherited genetics of adult diffuse glioma and polygenic risk scores—a review
Authors: Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Lachance Daniel H , Decker Paul A , Kollmeyer Thomas M , Kosel Matthew L , Drucker Kristen L , Slager Susan , Wrensch Margaret , Tobin W Oliver , Jenkins Robert B
Published: March 2022

Knowledge about inherited and acquired genetics of adult diffuse glioma has expanded significantly over the past decade. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) stratified by histologic subtype identified six germline variants that were associated specifically with glioblastoma (GBM) and 12 that were associated with lower grade glioma. A GWAS performed using the 2016 WHO criteria, stratifying patients by IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion (as well as TERT promoter mutation), discovered that many of the known variants are associated with specific WHO glioma subtypes. In addition, the GWAS stratified by molecular group identified two additional novel regions: variants in D2HGDH that were associated with tumors that had an IDH mutation and a variant near FAM20C that was associated with tumors that had both IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion. The results of these germline associations have been used to calculate polygenic risk scores, from which to estimate relative and absolute risk of overall glioma and risk of specific glioma subtypes. We will review the concept of polygenic risk models and their potential clinical utility, as well as discuss the published adult diffuse glioma polygenic risk models. To date, these prior genetic studies have been done on European populations. Using the published glioma polygenic risk model, we show that the genetic associations published to date do not generalize across genetic ancestries, demonstrating that genetic studies need to be done on more diverse populations.
N,N-dimethylformamide tailors solvent effect to boost Zn anode reversibility in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Ma Yilin , Zhang Qiu , Liu Luojia , Li Yixin , Li Haixia , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun
Published: March 2022

Rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries are considered as promising energy-storage devices because of their high capacity, environmental friendliness and low cost. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction and growth of dendritic Zn in common aqueous electrolytes severely restrict the application of Zn batteries. Here, we develop a simple strategy to suppress side reactions and boost the reversibility of the Zn electrode. By introducing 30% (volume fractions) N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to the 2 M Zn(CF3SO3)2–H2O electrolyte (ZHD30), the preferential hydrogen-bonding effect between DMF and H2O effectively reduces the water activity and hinders deprotonation of the electrolyte. The ZHD30 electrolyte improves the Zn plating/stripping coulombic efficiency from ∼95.3% to ∼99.4% and enhances the cycles from 65 to 300. The Zn–polyaniline full battery employing the ZHD30 electrolyte can operate over a wide temperature range from –40°C to +25°C and deliver capacities of 161.6, 127.4 and 65.8 mAh g–1 at 25, –20 and –40°C, respectively. This work provides insights into the role of tuning solvent effects in designing low-cost and effective aqueous electrolytes.
Singlewomen in the Late Medieval Mediterranean
Authors: Armstrong-Partida Michelle , McDonough Susan
Published: March 2022

This article challenges a long-entrenched model of two discrete marital regimes in northern and southern Europe. Demographer John Hajnal argued in 1965 that a distinctive north-western European Marriage Pattern emerged post-1700 when a large population of unmarried men and women married in their early to late twenties and formed their own household rather than join a multi-generational household. The corollary to this argument is that women in southern Europe married young and universally, and thus rarely entered into domestic service. Medievalists have embraced and repeated this paradigm, shaping assumptions about the Mediterranean as less developed or ‘less European’ than the north and ignoring the experience of women enslaved throughout the region.

Notaries and judicial officials in medieval Barcelona, Valencia, Mallorca, Marseille, Palermo, Venice, Famagusta and Crete recognized singlewomen owning property, buying, selling and manumitting enslaved people, appointing procurators, committing crimes and making wills. We reintegrate the experiences of singlewomen, both enslaved and free, into the daily life of the medieval Mediterranean. Understanding how these women made community, survived economically and participated in the legal and notarial cultures of their cities reframes our understanding of women’s options outside marriage in the medieval past.
Passivity on the Board of Directors
Authors: Yung Chris
Published: March 2022

A CEO proposes a strategic plan to a board of directors acting in an advisory role. Each director supports the plan, opposes it, or delays speaking until other directors act. The option to delay suppresses dissent from bad plans in equilibrium. Delay has a pronounced impact for important decisions and for firms with reputable CEOs who make few errors. I investigate the role of ordering, that is, when directors should be invited to speak as a function of their signal precision.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Cell Origin, Genomic Stability, and Epigenetic Memory to Translational Medicine
Authors: Poetsch Mareike S , Strano Anna , Guan Kaomei
Published: March 2022

The potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to self-renew indefinitely and to differentiate virtually into any cell type in unlimited quantities makes them attractive for in vitro disease modeling, drug screening, personalized medicine, and regenerative therapies. As the genome of iPSCs thoroughly reproduces that of the somatic cells from which they are derived, they may possess genetic abnormalities, which would seriously compromise their utility and safety. Genetic aberrations could be present in donor somatic cells and then transferred during iPSC generation, or they could occur as de novo mutations during reprogramming or prolonged cell culture. Therefore, to warrant the safety of human iPSCs for clinical applications, analysis of genetic integrity, particularly during iPSC generation and differentiation, should be carried out on a regular basis. On the other hand, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs requires profound modifications in the epigenetic landscape. Changes in chromatin structure by DNA methylations and histone tail modifications aim to reset the gene expression pattern of somatic cells to facilitate and establish self-renewal and pluripotency. However, residual epigenetic memory influences the iPSC phenotype, which may affect their application in disease therapeutics. The present review discusses the somatic cell origin, genetic stability, and epigenetic memory of iPSCs and their impact on basic and translational research.
Beneficial Ownership Registers: The STEP Handbook for Advisers (Consulting Editor: Paolo Panico)
Authors: Cutbill Clive
Published: March 2022

‘Beneficial Ownership Registers’, the latest edition in the ‘ST EP Handbook for Advisers’series is reviewed. Its exposition of the varied approaches adopted in the EEA following therecent transposition dates of the EU's Fourth and Fifth Anti-money Laundering Directives,which together require the maintenance of publicly accessible beneficial ownership registers,is discussed alongside its description of the approaches adopted in the Crown Dependenciesand the USA and against the historical background to the identification of the ‘beneficialowners’ of trusts and other entities and legal arrangements within the EU.
Genomes of Potato Mop-Top Virus (Virgaviridae: Pomovirus) Isolates from New Zealand and Their Impact on Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Frampton Rebekah A. , Addison Shea M. , Kalamorz Falk , Smith Grant R.
Published: March 2022

Following the detection of potato mop-top virus (PMTV) in New Zealand in 2018, three near-complete PMTV genomes (AS22, AS99, AS144) were assembled from soil samples taken from potato fields in Canterbury. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genomes form a distinct lineage, with limited genetic diversity, within the PMTV species. This analysis supports the hypothesis that these genomes share a common origin, possibly resulting from a single (or limited) incursion of PMTV into New Zealand. A single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the region where a key diagnostic primer binds. The mismatch of the diagnostic primer has implications for the effectiveness of the Mumford diagnostic protocol currently recommended for use in New Zealand; we recommend that the alternative Pandey assay, for which no primer mismatch was detected, be validated and optimized for use on the viral genomes present in New Zealand.
Diversity and Aggressiveness of Rhizoctonia spp. from Nebraska on Soybean and Cross-Pathogenicity to Corn and Wheat
Authors: Kodati Srikanth , Gambhir Nikita , Yuen Gary , Adesemoye Anthony O. , Everhart Sydney E.
Published: March 2022

Rhizoctonia and Rhizoctonia-like species of fungi that cause disease are known to have varying host ranges and aggressiveness. Accurate identification of these species causing disease is important for soybean disease management that relies upon crop rotation. The anamorphic genus Rhizoctonia contains several diverse species and anastomosis groups (AGs) including some known soybean pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani, whereas for others the ability to cause disease on soybean has not been well described. The present study was conducted to identify the predominant species and AG of Rhizoctonia from soybean, corn, and wheat fields that are pathogenic on soybean and characterize cross-pathogenicity to common rotational crops, corn and wheat. We surveyed for Rhizoctonia spp. in Nebraska; isolates were identified to species and AG, and aggressiveness was assessed. A total of 59 R. zeae isolates, 49 R. solani, nine binucleate Rhizoctonia, three R. circinata, and two R. oryzae isolates were collected in 2016 and 2017 from a total of 29 fields in 15 counties. The most abundant R. solani AGs were AG-4, AG-1 IB, AG-2-1, AG-3, and AG-5. R. solani AG-4 and R. zeae were found in all three regions of the state (west, central, and eastern). Some isolates that were most aggressive to soybean seedlings were cross-pathogenic on both wheat and corn. In addition, R. zeae was pathogenic on soybean when evaluated at 25°C, which is warmer than temperatures used previously, and isolates were identified that were aggressive on soybean and cross-pathogenic on both corn and wheat.
PAs and point-of-care ultrasound
Authors: Zak Courtney L. , Monti Jonathan D.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has rapidly emerged as a valuable tool in the bedside assessment of patients. This scoping review summarizes existing literature covering clinical use and educational integration of POCUS by physician assistants (PAs), with the overall goal of identifying gaps in POCUS research involving the PA profession.

Methods:

Keyword searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar were conducted. Studies assessing PA POCUS use or accuracy; those evaluating extent, method, or value of POCUS educational integration; and those assessing the effect of POCUS training interventions were included.

Results:

Of the 717 studies retrieved, 30 met inclusion criteria. Studies generally demonstrated that PAs can use a fairly wide range of POCUS applications with high accuracy, but that POCUS integration into PA programs remains limited because of a number of identified barriers.

Conclusions:

Machine availability and insufficient POCUS training and education opportunities limit widespread clinical use of POCUS by PAs.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Powers Kristen
Published: March 2022

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, often fatal, lung condition frequently seen in patients in the ICU. ARDS is triggered by an inciting event such as pneumonia or sepsis, which is followed by an inappropriate host inflammatory response that results in pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange, and may progress to fibrosis. With the increased spotlight and discussion focused on ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers must be able to identify and manage symptoms based on evidence-based research.
An algorithm for successfully managing anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Petterson Stephanie C. , Agyapong Gerald , Brite Jasmine E. , Shanmugam Jaya , Briggs Karen K. , Plancher Kevin D.
Published: March 2022

The most common form of shoulder instability involves the anterior glenohumeral joint. Often it is associated with labral and bony injuries with subsequent recurrent instability. To determine optimal management, clinicians should perform a detailed history and physical examination, including appropriate diagnostic imaging to assess for concomitant humeral and glenoid bony deficiencies and other soft-tissue pathologies. Early surgical intervention may reduce risk of recurrence, particularly in young, active athletes. This article highlights the relevant anatomy, pathoanatomy, diagnostic examination including radiologic imaging, management, and prevention of complications for anterior shoulder instability. Minimizing recurrence is key to restoring function for patients to safely return to recreational and sporting activities, and to perform activities of daily living.
Outcome of primary androgen deprivation therapy in super-elderly men with localized high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Yutaka , Akashi Yasunori , Kiba Keisuke , Hirayama Akihide , Uemura Hirotsugu
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide certain data on clinical outcome of primary androgen deprivation therapy in men over 80 years of age with localized high-risk prostate cancer. This study included 54 Japanese super-elderly men with high-risk prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy between 2005 and 2015. The median overall survival was 9.1 years (95% confidence interval, 8.1–10.1) and no patient died from prostate cancer. Overall, 51.9% of patients experienced any grade of adverse events following androgen deprivation therapy. Associations between clinicopathological factors including comorbidity count at initial diagnosis and overall survival were investigated. On multivariate analysis, only comorbidity count at initial diagnosis [≥2 vs. ≤1; hazard ratio, 5.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.55–18.49); P = 0.003] was an independent risk factor for overall survival. Our findings suggest that comorbidity count at initial diagnosis is robustly prognostic for overall survival. For super-elderly men with localized high-risk prostate cancer, comorbidity count at initial diagnosis should be emphasized when deciding whether primary androgen deprivation therapy is necessary or not.