bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete percutaneous treatment of vertebral body tumors causing spinal canal compromise using a transpedicular cavitation, cement augmentation, and radiosurgical technique
Authors: Gerszten Peter C. , Monaco Edward A.
Published: December 2009

Object

Patients with symptomatic pathological compression fractures require spinal stabilization surgery for mechanical back pain control and radiation therapy for the underlying malignant process. Spinal radiosurgery provides excellent long-term radiographic control for vertebral metastases. Percutaneous cement augmentation using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) may be contraindicated in lesions with spinal canal compromise due to the risk of displacement of tumor resulting in spinal cord or cauda equina injury. However, there is also significant morbidity associated with open corpectomy procedures in patients with metastatic cancer, especially in those who subsequently require adjuvant radiotherapy. This study evaluated a treatment paradigm for malignant vertebral compression fractures consisting of transpedicular coblation corpectomy combined with closed fracture reduction and fixation, followed by spinal radiosurgery.

Methods

Eleven patients (6 men and 5 women, mean age 58 years) with symptomatic vertebral body metastatic tumors associated with moderate spinal canal compromise were included in this study (8 thoracic levels, 3 lumbar levels). Primary histologies included 4 lung, 2 breast, 2 renal, and 1 each of thyroid, bladder, and hepatocellular carcinomas. All patients underwent percutaneous transpedicular coblation corpectomy immediately followed by balloon kyphoplasty through the same 8-gauge cannula under fluoroscopic guidance. Patients subsequently underwent radiosurgery to the affected vertebral body (mean time to treatment 14 days). Postoperatively, patients were assessed for pain reduction and neurological morbidity.

Results

There were no complications associated with any part of the procedure. Adequate cement augmentation within the vertebral body was achieved in all cases. The mean radiosurgical tumor dose was 19 Gy covering the entire vertebral body. The procedure provided long-term pain improvement and radiographic tumor control in all patients (follow-up range 7–44 months). No patient later required open surgery. No radiation-induced toxicity or new neurological deficit occurred during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

This treatment paradigm for pathological fractures of percutaneous transpedicular corpectomy combined with cement augmentation followed by radiosurgery was found to be safe and clinically effective. This technique combines minimally invasive procedures that avoid the morbidity associated with open surgery while providing spinal canal decompression and immediate fracture stabilization, and then administering a single-fraction tumoricidal radiation dose.
Role of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Romanelli Pantaleo , Conti Alfredo , Pontoriero Antonio , Ricciardi Giuseppe Kenneth , Tomasello Francesco , De Renzis Costantino , Innocenzi Gualtiero , Esposito Vincenzo , Cantore Giampaolo
Published: December 2009

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating malignant brain tumor characterized by resistance to available therapeutic approaches and relentless malignant progression that includes widespread intracranial invasion, destruction of normal brain tissue, progressive disability, and death. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) are increasingly used in patients with recurrent GBM to complement traditional treatments such as resection, conventional external beam radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Both SRS and fSRT are powerful noninvasive therapeutic modalities well suited to treat focal neoplastic lesions through the delivery of precise, highdose radiation. Although no randomized clinical trials have been performed, a variety of retrospective studies have been focused on the use of SRS and fSRT for recurrent GBMs. In addition, state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques, such as MR spectroscopic imaging, diffusion tensor tractography, and nuclear medicine imaging, have enhanced treatment planning methods leading to potentially improved clinical outcomes. In this paper the authors reviewed the current applications and efficacy of SRS and fSRT in the treatment of GBM, highlighting the value of these therapies for recurrent focal disease.
Stereotactic spine radiosurgery for intradural and intramedullary metastasis
Authors: Shin Dong Ah , Huh Ryoong , Chung Sang Sup , Rock Jack , Ryu Samuel
Published: December 2009

Object

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an important treatment alternative to surgery for a variety of spinal lesions. However, the use of SRS in the management of intradural intramedullary (IDIM) metastasis remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of SRS for treatment of IDIM metastasis.

Methods

Nine patients with 11 IDIM metastases treated with SRS at Henry Ford Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 50 years, with a range of 14–71 years. There were 4 intradural extramedullary and 7 intramedullary lesions. The radiosurgery procedure used techniques of image-guided and intensitymodulated radiation. The mean treatment dose was 13.8 Gy, with a range of 10–16 Gy. All patients had clinical follow-up (except in 1 lesion), with an emphasis on initial symptoms and ambulatory status, and 8 patients (9 lesions) had imaging studies. The median follow-up duration was 10 months.

Results

The presenting symptoms were improved in 8 (80%) of 10 evaluable lesions, unchanged in 1 case, and worsened in 1 case. Radiographic responses were seen as follows: complete response in 2 (22%) of 9; partial response in 3 (33%) of 9; stable disease in 3 (33%) of 9; and progressive disease in 1 (11%) of 9. After radiosurgery, 7 patients (78%) remained ambulatory until the last follow-up visit. The overall median survival time after SRS was 8 months, with a range of 2–19 months. No radiation toxicity was detected clinically during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that this was a small series of patients with IDIM metastasis who had limited treatment options, SRS appears to be an effective and safe method of treating patients with these lesions.
Evaluation of hearing function after Gamma Knife surgery of vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Franzin Alberto , Spatola Giorgio , Serra Carlo , Picozzi Piero , Medone Marzia , Milani Davide , Castellazzi Paola , Mortini Pietro
Published: December 2009

Object

Due to technological advances in neuroradiology in recent years, incidental diagnoses of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) have increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing function after treatment with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for VSs in patients adequately selected with “good” or “useful” hearing before treatment and to assess the possible predictive factors for hearing function preservation.

Methods

Of all patients treated in the authors' hospital between 2001 and 2007, they retrospectively studied 50 patients with a unilateral VS in whom there was serviceable hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Class I or II). Additional inclusion criteria were: no Type 2 neurofibromatosis, no previous treatment, and at least 6 months' follow-up of neuroradiological and audiological data. The median patient age was 54 years (range 24–78 years). The median tumor volume was 0.73 ml (range 0.03–6.6 ml), and the median radiation dose to the tumor margin was 13 Gy (range 12–16 Gy) with an isodose of 50%.

Results

Patient age, tumor volume, and presenting symptoms were found to correlate with hearing function. At a median of 36 months after radiosurgery, tumor growth control was 96% and no patient required any other additional treatment. Serviceable hearing was preserved in 34 patients (68%): 21 (62%) with GR Class I hearing and 13 (38%) with GR Class II hearing. The remaining 16 patients had poor hearing function:15 with GR Class III and 1 with GR Class IV hearing function. In 19 (58%) of 33 patients with GR Class I function before GKS the same class was maintained posttreatment; 29 (88%) maintained functional hearing (GR Class I or II). In all patients with an intracanalicular lesion, functional hearing was maintained. Significant prognostic factors for maintaining serviceable hearing were GR Class I function before treatment, symptoms at presentation, patient age younger than 54 years, and Koos Stage T1 disease.

Conclusions

The results of the study show that the probability of preserving functional hearing in patients undergoing GKS treatment for unilateral VSs is very high. Patients with GR Class I, age younger than 54 years, with presenting symptoms other than hearing loss, and a Koos Stage T1 tumor have better prognosis. The prescribed dose of 13 Gy appears to represent an excellent compromise between controlling the disease and preserving auditory function.
Observation on haematological abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Dutta Pradip Kumar , Hoque Mahmudul , Khan Md Iftikher Hossain , Dutta Asok Kumar , Hasan Mahtab Uddin
Published: November 2009

doi: 10.3329/jcmcta.v18i1.3811 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2007: 18(1):3-5
Telangiectases in Scleroderma: A Potential Clinical Marker of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: SHAH AMI A. , WIGLEY FREDRICK M. , HUMMERS LAURA K.
Published: December 2009

Objective.

Clinical markers are needed to identify scleroderma patients at risk for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) since early therapy may improve survival. We investigated whether increased numbers of telangiectases in scleroderma associate with measures of pulmonary vascular disease.

Methods.

One hundred forty-seven consecutive adult patients with scleroderma were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and scored for the presence of matted telangiectases on 11 body areas. Per body area, telangiectases were scored as 0 if none were present, 1 if there were fewer than 10 telangiectases, and 2 if 10 or more telangiectases were counted. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and telangiectasia score, adjusted for age, race, smoking status, scleroderma subtype, disease duration, and autoantibody status. Logistic regression analysis was performed with PAH by right-heart catheterization (RHC) as the dependent variable.

Results.

The mean telangiectasia score was 6.0 (SD 4.5, range 0–20). RVSP and telangiectasia score were positively correlated (r = 0.271, p = 0.001). The mean RVSP increased by 10.9 mm Hg for every 10-point increase in telangiectasia score (95% CI 3.6–18.3 mm Hg, p = 0.004), adjusted for potential confounders. The adjusted relative odds of PAH by RHC were 12.4 for patients with a 10-point increase in telangiectasia score (95% CI 1.78–85.9, p = 0.01).

Conclusion.

Increased numbers of telangiectases strongly associate with the presence of pulmonary vascular disease. Telangiectases may be a clinical marker of more widespread aberrant microvascular disease in scleroderma.
THE GROSS STRUCTURE AND HISTOLOGY OF THE ADULT AND LARVAL GUT OF PENTALOBUS BARBATUS (COLEOPTERA: PASSALIDAE)
Authors: Baker W. V.
Published: December 2009

An account is given of the gross structure and histology of the adult and larval gut of Pentalobus barbatus, with a discussion of the possible function of the gut in relation to its structure.
INVESTIGATIONS ON FLIGHT HABITS OF THE PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO CARYAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Raney Harley G. , Eikenbary R. D.
Published: December 2009

Research over a 2-year period indicated that female pecan weevils, Curculio caryae Horn, tended to fly higher than males. Male pecan weevils were observed to be clumsy flyers and crawled to the pecan tree more often than females. Significant differences were noted among replicates, height flown by sexes, and distances from the tree where weevils were released. Pecan weevils do have definite habits in reaching the tree and this study seems to indicate that further investigations might be conducted to establish a method of control for the less mobile male weevils as well as for the higher flying females.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF DYSCHIRIUS FROM THE UNITED STATES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: SCARITINI)
Authors: Larson D. J.
Published: December 2009

Dyschirius cerberus n. sp. from Kansas and D. colossus n. sp. from Texas are described and compared with other North American species of Dyschirius. Lindroth’s (1961) key to North American species is modified to include the two new species. The politus group is redefined and a new group, the criddlei group, is described.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAB SPIDERS (ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE) FROM NORTH DAKOTA
Authors: Sauer Richard J.
Published: December 2009

Ebo dondalei and Xysticus posti, two new species of crab spiders from North Dakota, are described.
TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOUR OF BARK-BEETLE MALES
Authors: McGhehey J. H.
Published: December 2009

Within an egg gallery of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) only one male is found with one female even though the virgin female or its frass may have been equally attractive to more than one male. To ascertain how the number of males joining a female is determined, a series of 10 lodgepole pine rearing slabs and 10 observational plates (Reid 1962) were infested with virgin mountain pine beetle females. The females were allowed 1 day to become established prior to the experiments. On the second day one virgin male was placed in each gallery. The next day a second was placed near the entrance to the gallery and its behavior was noted, as well as that of the first male.
SWARMING OF LONCHAEID FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF LONCHAEIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. , Munroe D. D.
Published: December 2009

Swarming of 16 species (three genera) of Lonchaeidae is reported for the first time, and is related to the occurrence, nature, and evolutionary significance of insect swarming in general. The theory that aerial swarming is basic to the two-winged condition in Diptera is proposed. Evidence is presented to show that various swarming habits and associated morphological adaptations are primitive features of not only the Lonchaeidae, but of all Diptera. Four new species ofLonchaeafrom Ontario are described.
SOME ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES OF POSSIBLE TAXONOMIC VALUE IN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF SITOPHILUS (CURCULIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Khan N. R. , Musgrave A. J.
Published: December 2009

The length of the spermathecal duct differs in species of Sitophilus. It is suggested that this criterion may be of value as an additional means of separating the two very similar species S. oryzae and S. zea-mais.
CALAPHIS MANITOBENSIS, A NEW APHID COLLECTED ON BETULA PUMILA IN MANITOBA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: December 2009

Calaphis manitobensis is described and illustrated. The only known host is swamp or low birch, Betula pumila L.
A STUDY OF THE GENUS CHROTOGONUS AUDINET-SERVILLE, 1838 (ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDOIDEA; PYRGOMORPHIDAE): X. RECENTLY DESCRIBED SPECIES FROM CHINA AND CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: Kevan D. Keith McE.
Published: December 2009

Two species of Chrotogonus have recently been described by Steinmann (1965) from northeastern China, and two from Kazakhstan. Only one of these, Ch. armatus, from Peking district, is valid. Ch. changi is synonymous with it; Ch. skopini and Ch. russicus are synonyms of Ch. turanicus.
ECOLOGY OF SPECIES OF BOMBUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA: VII. SUBGENUS BOMBUS
Authors: Hobbs G. A.
Published: December 2009

Two of the five Nearctic species of the subgenus Bombus Latr. occur in southern Alberta. Both are bush-inhabiting species. One, B. occidentalis Greene, is confined to the treed areas of southern Alberta whereas the other, B. terricola Kby., although found throughout the treed areas of the province, is much more prevalent in the central and northern regions. Both species emerge and establish nests early, and nest almost exclusively in hives reached by means of downward-sloping tunnels. Many queens of B. occidentalis camouflage or restrict tunnel entrances by dragging grass in and around them. B. occidentalis produced 8.6±0.5 eggs in the first broods, 4.2±1.1 eggs per cell in the second and third broods, and 6.6±0.9 eggs per cell in the fourth brood. This species is intermediate in rank among southern Alberta species of Bombus Latr. in its ability to produce wax. As are other early emerging species, it is heavily depredated by Psithyrus spp.
INSEMINATION WITHOUT SPERMATOPHORES IN THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: George J. A. , Howard M. G.
Published: December 2009

The first matings of males resulted in the transfer of large spermatophores, while subsequent matings resulted in smaller and eventually no spermatophore. The transfer of a spermatophore was not required to produce a normal number of fertile eggs. Some young males inseminated two females within 24 hours and regardless of whether or not a spermatophore was formed the number of resulting progeny was normal. Thus males were found to be capable of inseminating more females than the yield of spermatophores obtained by dissecting females indicated.

Virgin females increased in attractiveness with age at least until their fifth day.
THE EGGS AND OVIPOSITION SITES OF HYALIODES VITRIPENNIS ON APPLE TREES (MIRIDAE: HEMIPTERA)
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Asquith Dean
Published: December 2009

During 1967 Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) proved to be an important predator of Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch in an experimental orchard. The eggs of this predator, described herein, are destinctive for the species. Observations on oviposition sites for the overwintering eggs are also included.
EVIDENCE FOR A SEX ATTRACTANT IN HEMICREPIDIUS DECOLORATUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE),
Authors: Hayes J. T. , Wheeler A. G.
Published: December 2009

Sex attractants have recently been reported for several species of Elateridae: Hypolithus bicolor Esch. (Doane 1961); Hemicrepidius morio (LeConte) (Chapman 1964) ; and Limonius californicus (Mann.), Agriotes ferrugineipennis (LeConte), Ctenicera sylvatica (Van Dyke), and C. destructor (Brown) (Lilly and McGinnis 1965). Lilly (1959) demonstrated the attractiveness to males of ethyl alcohol extracts from virgin females of the sugar-beet wireworm (L. Californicus). The attractants appear to be species-specific (Lilly and McGinnis 1965).
THE BIOLOGY OF THE FIR TREE BORER, SEMANOTUS LITIGIOSUS (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Wickman Boyd E.
Published: December 2009

The fir tree borer is found in the coniferous forest belt of North America. The insect can cause serious degrade in lumber manufactured from windthrown white fir. Adults attack host trees in early spring, laying eggs in bark crevices. The incubation period is 10–30 days, depending on temperatures. The larvae excavate winding galleries in the phloem, deeply etching the sapwood, until midsummer when they enter the sapwood. Damage is caused by the larvae boring up to 3 in. into the wood to construct pupal chambers. Pupation lasts 2–4 weeks in fall; callow adults are formed by September and overwinter in the pupal chambers. Emergence occurs the following March or April.

Three principal natural enemies were found: two predators, woodpeckers and an ostomid beetle, and a braconid parasite. Population fluctuations hinged on availability of host material and pressure from natural enemies.
ON THE LOCATION OF TYPES OF FIVE SPECIES OF BRUCHIDAE WITH NOTES ON EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE OFACANTHOSCELIDES OBTECTUS
Authors: Bottimer L. J.
Published: December 2009

The location of types ofBruchus limbatusHorn,B.pruininusHorn,B.sordidusHorn,B.pauperculusLeConte, andB.distinguendusHorn is discussed, and lectotypes designated where needed. The confusion in American literature involving the namesBruchus obtectusSay,B.obsoletusSay, andB.distinguendusHorn is reviewed.Bruchus erythrocerus, inadvertently validated by Riley (1871), is synonymized withMeibomeus musculus(Say).
SCREENING OF PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
Authors: Harris P. , Zwölfer H.
Published: December 2009

It is necessary to demonstrate the host specificity of an exotic phytophagous insect before introducing it for the biological control of a weed. The widely-used "starvation test" made on economic plants is considered inadequate for this purpose and we propose that studies should be broadened to include the following: (1) study of the insect’s biology, including host–plant records, with particular attention to adaptations likely to restrict the host range, (2) review of the plants attacked by related insects, (3) determination of the laboratory host range of the insect, (4) investigation of the chemical or physical basis of host–plant recognition, (5) starvation tests on economic plants to confirm the limits of the previously established host range, (6) establishment of the insects’ potential effectiveness for weed control. A limited amount of feeding on economic plants in the laboratory is not reason for rejection, if other criteria show the insect has a high degree of specificity.
INFLUENCE OF THE PROPORTION OF FRUITING TO NON-FRUITING CLUSTERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INSECT PREDATORS ON APPLE TREES
Authors: Lord F. T.
Published: December 2009

The proportion of fruiting to non-fruiting clusters on apple trees influences the distribution of predators within and between trees. The mirids Atractotomus mali (Meyer), Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), Hyaliodes harti Knight, Diaphnocoris pellucida (Uhler), Pilophorus perplexus Douglas and Scott, and the anthocorid Anthocoris musculus (Say) all showed greater preference for limbs (or trees) bearing a high proportion (or percentage) of fruiting clusters. The predacious mite Anystis agilis Banks exhibited no preference.
CONTROL OF THE BIRCH LEAF MINER WITH DISULFOTON
Authors: Cheng H. H. , LeRoux E. J.
Published: December 2009

One ounce of ten per cent granular disulfoton, per tree, applied to 3- and 4-year old blue birch in mid-May, was found to take approximately 2 weeks before reaching significantly toxic levels in the leaves. Thereafter, these levels gave excellent control of Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) for the 1-year-and-4-month period of the experiment (May 1964 – September 1965). At this dosage, it would appear, the chemical can indefinitely suppress populations of the birch leaf miner if applied once every 2 years.
DESCRIPTION AND SEASONAL HISTORY OF A LEAF MINER ON POPLAR MESSA POPULIFOLIELLA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Underwood G. R. , Titus F. A.
Published: December 2009

Messa populifoliella (Townsend), long known in the United States but new in Canada, is univoltine and overwinters as a prepupa in the soil beneath the host tree. In New Brunswick the larvae mine the leaves of Populus eugenei Simon-Louis creating blotch mines. The various stages of the sawfly are described and pictured and six parasite species are named.
NEW SPECIES OF APILOCROCIS WITH A KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: December 2009

The following new species of Apilocrocis Amsel are described: A. novateutonialis, Brazil and Bolivia; A. yucatanalis, Mexico; A. pseudocephalis, Mexico; A. steinbachi, Bolivia. The following species are transferred to Apilocrocis from Syllepte Hübner: S. excelsalis Schaus, S. glaucosia Hampson, S. albicupralis Hampson = S. mitanalis Schaus, new synonymy, S. cephalis (Walker) = Pilocrocis microbathra Meyrick, new synonymy, S. albipunctalis Hampson, S. brumalis Barnes and McDunnough, S. pimalis Barnes and Benjamin. A key to these 11 species is given.
A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OFISOMIRA(COLEOPTERA: ALLECULIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M.
Published: December 2009

The Mexican and Central American species of the GenusIsomiraMulsant (Coleoptera: Alleculidae) are revised. Ten species and four subspecies are treated, of which six species and all the subspecies are described as new. New species are:Isomira championi,I.howdeni,I.rotundata,I.mexicanus,I.acuta, andI.alticola. New subspecies are:Isomira howdeni hidalgoensis,I.subaenea soror,I.s.punctata, andI.s.guatemalensis. A key is presented for the determination of the taxa.
NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND THE EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) ON HARVESTED APPLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Angle B. J.
Published: December 2009

The habits of the San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, and the European fruit scale, A. ostreaeformis Curtis, on harvested apples in British Columbia are discussed under the following topics: stages found on apples; distribution and mortality on apples; influence on size, odor, and skin of apples; discoloration of fruit; and appearance of scales on apples. Outstanding characteristics of the San José scale are: all stages occur on the fruit; crawlers settle primarily in the stem end of Newtown and Winesap apples, equally in the stem and calyx ends of Rome Beauty, and predominantly in the calyx end of Delicious; the scale survives longer in the stem end than in the calyx end of stored Newtown, Winesap, and Delicious apples; all scales eventually die in storage; and infestations decrease the size of apples, adversely affect color and maturity, impart a moldy odor to the fruit, and mark the skin of all varieties by causing red spots around the scales. Comparable habits of the European fruit scale are: males and females do not occur on the fruit; more crawlers settle in the stem end of Newtown, McIntosh, and Hyslop crab apples than in the calyx end but the reverse distribution occurs on Rome Beauty; the scale survives longer in the calyx end of all varieties; all scales do not die on apples placed in storage; infestations apparently do not affect size, color, maturity, and odor of fruit; and feeding of the scale seldom marks the skin of Newtown apples but it does cause purplish-red spots around the scales of all other varieties of apples.
SEX ATTRACTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH, ANAGASTA KÜHNIELLA: LOCATION OF THE FEMALE BY THE MALE
Authors: Traynier R. M. M.
Published: December 2009

When male Anagasta kühniella (Zell.) were released in a wind tunnel downwind of a scenting female they flew upwind, but on losing the scent made crosswind casts and thus located the female. Downwind casts were rare. In still air males approached females from below. Visual stimuli seemed to induce mating behaviour.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS ATTACKS, EMERGENCE, AND PARASITES IN GRAND FIR
Authors: Berryman Alan A.
Published: December 2009

The distributions of Scolytus ventralis LeConte attacks, emergence, and parasites were studied by stratified sampling of 20 grand fir. Of the theoretical distributions tested the negative binomial gave the best fit to all three sets of data. Three sample unit sizes were analyzed (1/4, 1/2, and 1 sq. ft) and all gave similar estimates of the mean, although the smallest sample unit influenced the distribution by increasing the frequency of the zero class. Approximate normality was achieved by applying logarithmic transformation to the attack data and the Taylor power transformation to the emergence and parasite data. Analysis of variance showed that the vertical position of the sample in the tree was die most consistent factor influencing the distribution of attacks, emergence, and parasitism, while cardinal aspect had little effect. Considerable variation also occurred among trees within a group. The density of attacks was extremely variable both within and between trees, although it was slightly higher on rough bark. Emergence was generally greater in the basal half of the tree, being reduced in the upper levels by competition with other insects. Emergence increased with attack density up to about 13 attacks per square foot. Thereafter survival was probably limited by intraspecific competition. Parasitism appeared to be reduced near the base of the tree by thick bark and at the top by lack of host larvae.

Sampling designs for the fir engraver will have to consider variations between trees and vertical strata within the tree.
SEX PHEROMONE OFDENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): PRODUCTION, BIO-ASSAY, AND PARTIAL ISOLATION
Authors: Borden John H. , Silverstein R. M. , Brownlee R. G.
Published: December 2009

Attractive frass was produced by femaleD.pseudotsugaewithin 2 hours after boring into fresh Douglas-fir logs and peak attraction was reached in 8 hours. Production declined after 2 weeks but increased again if the females were allowed to attack new logs. Frass was collected, stored at −40°C, and extracted in benzene. The extract was distilled and chromatographed on a silica gel column. An olfactometer was developed in which beetles walking toward a light, passed into a narrow air stream. If the air stream contained attractive substances, beetles oriented upwind. Males showed a weak positive response to female frass extract and distillate over a wide range of low stimulus intensities and an abrupt increase at higher intensities. Over 20% of the test beetles responded to concentrations of 5.1 × 10−4and 2.3 × 10−3g-equiv of extract and distillate respectively, while stimulus intensities 100 times greater evoked responses over 80%. The silica gel fraction that eluted in the volume between 350 and 400 ml contained a highly attractive component.
SEX PHEROMONE OF TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): PRODUCTION, BIO-ASSAY, AND PARTIAL ISOLATION
Authors: Borden John H. , Brownlee R. G. , Silverstein R. M.
Published: December 2009

Overwintering adult T. lineatum were collected in late April, and the females allowed to attack Douglas-fir logs in the laboratory. Frass was collected and preserved at −40°C prior to extraction in benzene and distillation. Distillate was chromatographed in a silica-gel column. An olfactometer was developed in which a positive bio-assay involved arrestment and turning reactions in a runway over a perforated area, underneath which the test substance was placed. Responses occurred to female frass and to sawdust from host logs but frass was far more potent. Peak response occurred to frass produced within 4 to 8 hours after attack. After 2 weeks, only very small amounts of weakly attractive frass were produced. Benzene extract and distillate of female frass evoked trace responses at very low concentrations, hut at 3.2 × 10−2 and 7.4 ×10−3 g-equiv of frass, for extract and distillate respectively, responses over 70% were common. Two fractions of ether eluate from the silica-gel column contained a highly attractive component which evoked responses in about 70% of the test males.
REVIEW OF THE GENUSLEIPARTHRUMIN NORTH AMERICA,WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ONE NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Bright Donald E.
Published: December 2009

Leiparthrum albosetumn. sp. from Baja California is described. The three North American species in the genus are discussed and a key to distinguish them is presented.
FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES ON SEX RATIO IN IPS ACUMINATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN NORWAY
Authors: Bakke Alf
Published: December 2009

The sex ratio of the polygamous species Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal) varied in 31 localities of Norway from 1 to 4 females per male in northern and western areas to 20 females and more in some southeastern areas. The number of female galleries per nuptial chamber (usually three to five) varied accordingly and isolated female galleries were also formed. Laboratory breedings showed that the species has two types of females, one which produces only females and one which produces both-sixes usually with a 1:1 sex ratio.
EVOLUTION AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF PARASITE–HOST SYSTEMS
Authors: Pimentel David , Stone Frederick A.
Published: December 2009

The ecology and evolution of the parasite (Nasonia vitripennis Walker) and host (Musca domestica L.) were investigated in a specially designed multicelled population cage which provided ample space–time structure to the environment for free parasite–host interactions. The population characteristics exhibited by a control or newly associated parasite–host system were compared with an experimental parasite–host system which already had evolved a degree of ecological homeostasis. Population fluctuations in the experimental parasite population were dampened compared with the control parasite population which fluctuated with great intensity; and in addition, the mean number of parasites in the experimental systems was significantly lower (about 1/4) than the mean number of parasites in the control system.
NEW CANADIAN BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Mason W. R. M.
Published: December 2009

Seven species of Braconidae from southern Canada are described: Colastes polypori and Meteorus betulini from annual bracket fungus Polyporus betulini on birch, Diospilus fomitis from the perennial bracket fungus Fomes fomentarius on birch, and from Dorcatoma dresdensis (Anobiidae) in Ganoderma applanatum, Ichneutes pikonematis from Pikonema alaskensis, Cantharoctonus canadensis from Bucculatrix canadensisella, Hormius tsugae from Pulicalvaria apicitripunctella on hemlock and P. piceaella on spruce, and Microctonus loani from adults of Altica corni, Altica ambiens alni, and Calligrapha philadelphica.
BIOCLIMATIC STUDIES OF THE APHID PARASITE PRAON EXSOLETUM: I. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF FEMALES TO VARYING HOST DENSITIES
Authors: Messenger P. S.
Published: December 2009

Using bioclimatic chambers to provide diurnally fluctuating temperature and humidity conditions, the relationship between fecundity of females of the aphid parasite, Praon exsoletum (Nees), and different host densities, was examined over a wide range of mean temperatures. At each temperature level the number of eggs laid by females was found to vary with host density in accordance with the functional response curve (disc equation) of Holling. Superparasitism was common at all temperature levels studied, and, irrespective of host density, eggs were found laid at random with respect to hosts present. The functional response equation was thus modified so that number of hosts attacked was determined by both number of hosts present and number of eggs laid. Using this modified disc equation, the bioclimatic characteristics of parasite oviposition were examined from rhc standpoint of varying temperature levels. Oviposition was limited to mean temperatures between 8° and 29°C; near these limits the maximum number of eggs laid and the maximum number of hosts attacked were low. At medial mean temperatures (13°–24°) the number of eggs laid per parasite was high, averaging between 70 and 110 each 12-hour day. At these same medial temperatures, according to the modified disc equation, the average "handling" time per oviposition attack was shortest, and the parasite effective searching rate fastest. Averaged over a 12-hour day (this parasite does not oviposit in darkness), females of P. exsoletum were capable of laying from seven to nine eggs per hour at temperatures between 15° and 24° respectively. In all cases, the number of hosts attacked varied with numbers of eggs laid in accordance with Thompson’s superparasitism formula.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE IMMATURE STAGES OF GIMNOMERA CEREA AND G. INCISURATA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE, SCATOPHAGINAE)
Authors: Neff S. E.
Published: December 2009

G. cerea larvae feed upon the ovules and capsule of Pedicularis canadensis. Distribution of the fly coincides closely with its plant host. Adult flies are active in spring during the plant’s flowering period. Both sexes of flies are predaceous on small insects. Details of mating and oviposition behavior are elaborated. After feeding, larvae form puparia in the soil around roots of the host and undergo protracted diapause. All activities of the single generation per year are closely attuned to host plant’s cycle. Distribution of G. incisurata appears to closely follow that of its hosts. Larvae feed upon the flower parts of three species of Penstemon (hirsutus, digitalis, and calycosus). Duration of adult and larval activity periods along with behavior closely parallels G. cerea. In view of known host plant preferences in the Scatophaginae, it is suggested the way in which adaptation of Gimnomera to members of the Scrophulariaceae has been established is via the parasitic or hemiparasitic members of this plant family.
ATTRACTIVENESS OF LOGS CONTAINING FEMALE SPRUCE BEETLES, DENDROCTONUS OBESUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Dyer E. D. A. , Taylor D. W.
Published: December 2009

Field studies were carried out on effect of attack by unmated spruce beetles, Dendroctonus obesus (Mann.) on log attractiveness. Test logs were screen-covered or sprayed with insecticide. Trays beneath logs, with glass-barrier traps beside them, were used to measure response of beetles from natural populations.

About 89% of the beetles attracted at six replicate sites were taken at logs containing introduced females. Males always predominated in responses to these logs. After the initial flight, about equal numbers of each sex responded to logs without introduced females. Response to the latter dropped to a low level after the initial flight, but beetles continued to respond well to logs attacked by females throughout the flight period. Use of increased attractiveness to logs following introduction of female beetles shows promise as a means of studying, directing, or controlling infestations of the spruce beetle.
THE EFFECT ON THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE, OF DICOFOL CONCENTRATION AND DEPOSIT DISTRIBUTION ON THE LEAF SURFACE
Authors: Fisher R. W. , Morgan N. G.
Published: December 2009

Dicofol was applied to bean leaf discs in various ways. The number of drops per disc, the concentration of dicofol in each drop, and the size of the drops were related to egg laying and mortality of adult female mites placed on the discs. Under the conditions of the experiment, an increase in concentration above normal field strength (0.046% active ingredient) had little effect, even though the deposits were discontinuous and similar to those expected from low-volume spraying. Repellency of dicofol to mites was reaffirmed and toxicity effects were significant when about one-quarter of the leaf surface was covered by deposit.
CONTROLLING INSECT ENEMIES OF THE ALFALFA LEAF-CUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA
Authors: Hobbs G. A.
Published: December 2009

The debris-feeding insects Trogoderma glabrum (Hbst.), Tribolium madens Charp., Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Steph.), and Vitula edmandsae Pack, were controlled by cleaning out die nests of Megachile rotundata L. annually and screening off the debris, and by discarding the cells of M. rotundata after emergence was complete. The chalcidoid parasites Monodontomerus obscurus Westw. and Pteromalus venustus Wlkr. and the depredators Coelioxys spp., were removed by light-trapping them in the incubators in which M. rotundata was being hatched. The removal was made possible because the incubation period of each of the indigenous enemies was considerably shorter than that of their exotic host.
THE INSECT ECOLOGY OF RED PINE PLANTATIONS IN CENTRAL ONTARIO: V. THE COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Gagné W. C. , Martin J. L.
Published: December 2009

Thirteen species of Coccinellidae were found to occur in adjacent red pine plantations of five different ages near Thessalon, Ont. These populations fell into two major ecological groups corresponding to the two plantation age classes. One group (the old-field species) inhabited young plantations up to 16 years old, and the other (the old-stand species) inhabited older stands. Each group was characterized by different dominant species, Coccinella transversoguttata Falder-man and Scymnus lacustris Lec. in the younger stands, and Mulsantina picta (Rand.) and Anatis mali Auct. in the older stands. Species diversity decreased as the stands aged.

As the red pines increased in size, they became less favourable for coccinellids in general because prey density decreased. As a consequence, the predator’s search area per unit prey capture increased necessitating an increased searching capacity and mobility. Coccinellid population fluctuations were synchronized with those of the woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus piniradiatae (Davidson), the major food source, due to compensative movements to and from the plantations of the adult coccinellids and the dependence of the larvae on the aphid. Starvation and cannibalism during the larval stages appeared to be the major mortality factors. Inclement weather and predation were of minor direct importance to coccinellid populations and parasitism was rare.All species, with the possible exception of S. lacustris, were univoltine.
TEMPERATURE-INDUCED INTERSEXES INAEDESMOSQUITOES: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPECIES FROM MANITOBA
Authors: Brust R. A.
Published: December 2009

The larvae of 26 species ofAedesfrom Manitoba were reared at constant temperatures from a low of 10° or 15°C, to the upper lethal temperature. Various grades of adult intersexes occurred in 12 univoltine species. The lowest threshold temperature for intersex development was found inA.communis(19°C); the highest inA.fitchii(29°C). A constant rearing temperature of 30°C was lethal for all fully univoltine species from Manitoba. The zoogeographical significance of the distribution of species in North America is discussed with regard to their intersex threshold temperature.
LE GENRE GUNUNGIELLA ULMER (TRICHOPTÈRES: PHILOPOTAMIDES)
Authors: Schmid F.
Published: December 2009

Le genrc oriental Gunungiella Ulmer est présenté ici comme une lignée très spécialisée issue de genre Wormaldia McLachlan. Une de ses particularités est l'extrême fantaisie des variations spécifiques, ce qui rend difficile la classification des espèces et impossible toute reconstitution phylétique et zoogéographique. Trente-quatre espèces nouvelles sont décrites dans le corps de l'ouvrage; on en trouvera la liste à la page 956. Enfin, un troisième type de mimétisme est signalé chez les Trichoptères.
MATING BEHAVIOR OF FIVE SPECIES OF LUCANIDAE (COLEOPTERA: INSECTA)
Authors: Mathieu J. M.
Published: December 2009

Observations mainly on sexual behavior were made in both the field and laboratory on five species representing four genera of stag beetles all occurring in central Illinois.Males of Lucanus Scopoli (= Pseudolucanus) and Dorcus MacLeay which have relatively short mandibles made direct use of these appendages in subduing and maintaining the female in position during mating.Males of Platycerus Geoffroy and Ceruchus MacLeay which have larger mandibles did not use these appendages to hold the female, but rubbed a pair of legs intermittently against the female’s elytra and had much longer matings.The presence of a female stimulus was determinant in the amount of fighting among males.
DREPATSAPHIS PALLIDA, A NEW APHID COLLECTED ON ACER SACCHARUM IN ONTARIO (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: December 2009

Drepanaphis pallida is described from specimens collected on Acer saccharum Marsh. in Ontario. In structure and colour it is very similar to Drepanaphis granovskyi Smith and Knowlton, from which it can be distinguished by the relative sizes of the dorsal abdominal tubercles and the length of the cornicle.
A SYNOPSIS OFHOLCOPSIS(DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Pechuman L. L.
Published: December 2009

Four species are recognized in the genusHolcopsisEnderlein:bifenestrata(Osten Sacken 1886),fenestrataEnderlein 1923,bequaerti(Philip 1943) andpilifera(Philip 1943). All specimens for which the locality is known are from the State of Durango, Mexico. The genus is characterized and its possible relationship withBolbodimyiaBigot is indicated. Collection data for all known specimens are given. The species are characterized by the use of a descriptive key. The wing, third antennal segment, and second palpal segment of the female of each species is illustrated.
MICROLEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE IN BALTIC AMBER
Authors: MacKay Margaret R.
Published: December 2009

Descriptions and illustrations are given of three microlepidopterous larvae in Baltic amber. Two, one of which appears to be in first instar, are thought to be in Plutellidae and the third in Oecophoridae.
BRUCHIDAE ASSOCIATED WITH MIMOSA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Bottimer L. J.
Published: December 2009

One new species, Acanthoscelides tridenticulatus, is described from Mimosa strigillosa Torr. and Gray in Texas, and from specimens collected in Louisiana and Texas.Erroneous records of Bruchidae having been reared from native Mimosa in the United States are corrected. These are: Merobruchus julianus (Horn) (Not synonym Bruchus ochreolineatus Fall) from Acacia greggii Gray, Not Mimosa fragrans; Acanthoscelides chiricahuae (Fall), Not Bruchus schrankiae Horn, from M. borealis Gray; and A. distinguendus (Horn) from Rhynchosia americana (Mill.) Metz, NOTM. strigillosa. All of these constitute new host records.The following new host records are reported: Acanthoscelides chiricahuae (Fall) from Mimosa biuncifera Benth. in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Coahuilla, Mexico; and from M. dysocarpa Benth. and M. grahamii Gray in Arizona, A. quadridentatus (Schaeffer) from M. pigra var. berlandieri (Gray) Turner and M. strigillosa in Texas, and from M. pigra var. pigra L. in Nicaragua and Panama. A. speciosus (Schaeffer) from M. malacophylla Gray in Texas, from M. biuncifera in Arizona, and from M. galeottii Benth. in Morelos, Mexico. Stator pruininus (Horn) from M. biuncifera in Texas and Mexico; and from M. dysocarpa in Arizona.
PREDACEOUS COCCINELLID OVIPOSITION RESPONSES TO JUNIPERUS WOOD
Authors: Boldyrev M. I. , Wilde W. H. A. , Smith B. C.
Published: December 2009

In laboratory experiments at Belleville and Guelph, Ont., four species of coccinellids, Cycloneda munda (Say), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown, and Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, revealed strong attractances to Juniperus virginiana L. (juniper) for oviposition. This attractancy was due to the specific odour of Juniperus wood. Egg laying rates were not affected by distances up to 70 cm in laboratory cages in a greenhouse where temperatures ranged from 24.0° to 29.5 °C. This phenomenon may be used to aggregate ovipositing coccinellid females in places where aphids are expected to occur in damaging numbers.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. VIII
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira
Published: December 2009

The following new taxa are described: Demobotys n. gen., type-species Pyrausta pervulgalis Hampson, Japan; D. pervulgalis exigua n. subsp., Kiangsu Prov., China; D. p. hunana n. subsp., Hunan Prov., China; D. monoceralis, Yuennan Prov., China; Anamalaia n. gen., type-species A. nathani n. sp., South India; Coclebotys n. gen., type-species Botys coclesalis Walker, Borneo, Japan, China, et al.; Yezobotys n. gen., type-species Y. ainualis n. sp., Hokkaido.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF UPTAKE AND LOSS OF WATER BY EGGS OF AEDES VEXANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Costello R. A. , Brust R. A.
Published: December 2009

Aedes vexans (Meigen) eggs which lose water under conditions of constant atmospheric saturation deficiencies, gain water when transferred to a saturated atmosphere. Water loss is influenced by age. At relative humidities of 80% and 50%, and temperatures of 10° and 21 °C, eggs that were 28 days old lost less water than eggs 14 days old. Eggs which lost up to 34% of their weight through desiccation regained 91% of lost water within 3 days in a saturated atmosphere. Embryos remained viable. Eggs which lost 68% of their original weight in water were rendered inviable and only regained 33% of the loss in a saturated atmosphere.