bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rising Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Azithromycin: A Therapeutic Challenge in Treating Enteric Fever
Authors: Bhat Sandhya K , Ravichandran K , Kanungo Reba
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Enteric fever continues to be endemic in the Indian subcontinent carrying with it significant morbidity, despite available antibiotics. With changing trends in antibiotic use, concern for emerging resistance to many common pathogens is very common. Taking enteric fever, as a case in point, there is evidence of increased use of azithromycin and thirdgeneration cephalosporins. Documenting evidence of increasing concentrations of antibiotics, required to inhibit the organism, is necessary to alter the prescribing practice and to adopt course correction. This is required to modify antibiotic policies in health care setups both for the management of antibiotic susceptible and resistant cases of enteric fever. Aim: To document the rising Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of azithromycin among Salmonella isolates. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of seven years (January 2014 to December 2020). A total of 168 clinical isolates from enteric fever cases were tested for drug resistance to azithromycin by disk diffusion as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. MIC was estimated using the Epsilometer test. Results were interpreted as per CLSI 2020 guidelines. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) and twotailed p-values were estimated to note the trend. Results: Out of 168 Salmonella isolates, 65 were Salmonella Typhi and 103 were Salmonella Paratyphi A. MIC of these isolates ranged from 1.5-64 µg/mL and three isolates were resistant to azithromycin with MIC ≥32 µg/mL and nine isolates had a high level of MIC of 24 µg/mL. Disc diffusion test results were consistent with MIC of azithromycin against Salmonella isolates from enteric fever. Regression coefficient for MIC for the given value of zone diameter for 65 Salmonella Typhi isolates was -0.579 (p<0.001, considered highly significant) and -0.475 (p<0.01, considered as significant) for Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates. Rising MIC to azithromycin was observed among Salmonella isolates over a period of seven years. Conclusion: There is a need to monitor the rising trend of MIC, which may pose a therapeutic challenge for treating enteric fever cases in near future. Regular MIC estimation can pre-empt overt resistance. Hence, MIC testing should be routinely done where facilities are available than doing only disk diffusion testing for enteric fever isolates.
Correlation between Interpupillary Distance, Inner-Outer Canthal Distance and Inter Limbal Distance: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Girimallanavar Sheetal V , Nayak Vittal I , Chetty Sahana , Vasundhara C
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Interpupillary Distance (IPD) is the distance between the centres of two pupils which can be anatomical or physiological. There are various inter orbital distances which are important in studying the orbitofacial configuration and also in prescribing a correct spectacle. Among the various measurements IPD is the most important which is routinely measured using AutoRefarctometer (AR) machine or Pupil distance meter. Aim: To find the correlation between IPD and Inner Canthal-Outer Canthal Distance (ICOC) and Right Nasal Limbus to Left Temporal Limbus (RNL-LTL) distance and to derive a regression equation in calculating IPD from measurements like ICOC and RNL-LTL which are easier to measure. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 subjects, participants were randomly selected from individuals attending Outpatient Department at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between March 2021 to August 2021. IPD was measured using Auto-Refarctometer/ Autorefractor Keratometer (AR/ARK) (Model: UNIQUE-RK:UNICOS URK 800F) and Pupillary Distance Metre (PDM) (Essilor). All the other measurements like Inner Inter Canthal Distance (IICD), Outer Inter Canthal Distance (OICD), RNL-LTL distance were measured using a transparent plastic ruler. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage. Multiple Linear regression was performed to find the factors associated with IPD using AR. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Independent sample t-test was performed to compare mean values between males and females. Results: Of 100 subjects, 60 were males and 40 were females, 5 subjects were <20 years and 95 subjects were ≥20 years. The analysis of the various distances found positive correlation between IPD measured using AR and PD meter with the other distances ICOC and RNL-LTL measured with transparent ruler, the strongest correlation found between RNL-LTL and IPD. The results were found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.001 for all these comparisons). A regression equation was derived to calculate IPD using ICOC and RNL-LTL distances and also using other inter orbital variables. Conclusion: Since there was a positive correlation between IPD and ICOC and RNL-LTL distances, these measurements which are easy to perform can be used to calculate IPD in situations where it’s difficult to get access to AR machine as in peripheral community based camps or rural settings and in children and uncooperative patients where it is difficult to use AR machine to measure IPD.
Reliability and Validity of Gujarati Version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nariya Darshana , Khatri Subhash
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of many sleep disorders. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) measures average sleep propensity of an individual for wide range of daily living activities. As it is a self-administered questionnaire, the Gujarati translation of ESS can be helpful for the evaluation of daytime sleepiness in clinical population. Aim: To find reliability and validity of Gujarati version of ESS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during August, 2020 to February, 2021. ESS is available in Gujarati language. Permission was taken to use and to find reliability and validity of Gujarati ESS from the Mapi Research Trust. This study was carried out in two phases: 1) Face and content validation by expert clinical review; 2) Test-retest reliability. The consensus method was used to find face and content validity of Gujarati ESS. The group of experts having mean experience of 10.5 years in different fields examined each item of Gujarati ESS. Each item of Gujarati ESS was scored either as rejected, accepted or accepted with modification. Procedure was continued till 80% of consensus for all items was achieved. Total 80 participants aged between 18-60 years were included in this study. To find reliability of Gujarati ESS, internal consistency and test-retest reliability was determined. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used to analyse the data. Test-retest reliability was determined by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency was calculated by chronbach’s alpha. Results: Total of 80 participants (mean age 42.68±13.37 years; 34 males and 46 females) were studied. Normal BMI was observed for 20 participants, overweight were 26 and obese were 34. Gujarati version of ESS showed excellent test-retest reliability as evidenced by high ICC (ICC=0.94) and high Internal consistency (α=0.97). Mean score of Gujarati ESS at baseline 13±6.72 and after one week 12.98±5.65. Values for Content Validation Ratio (CVR), Item level Content Validation Index (I-CVI), Modified Kappa (K), and Proportion of agreement were 1. The content of translated items was understandable and were related to quality of sleep and its evaluation. Conclusion: Gujarati version of the ESS has excellent reliability and good face and content validity. It is adequate and useful for evaluation of day time sleepiness in Gujarati speaking population.
Comparision of Low Birth Weight Babies in Mothers Seeking Antenatal Care Services at a Tertiary Care Hospital and at Other Healthcare Facilities: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Neelima Alka , Mishra Akash , Mishra RN , Shukla Durgesh
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The high prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) due to Preterm Birth (PTB) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IGUR) still persist a challenge in India. This happens due to poor and infrequent utilisation of Antenatal Care (ANC) service. Aim: To assess the difference of PTB and LBW in mothers, who availed ANC at a tertiary care hospital against those who availed ANC at other healthcare facility. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gynaecology Department in Sir Sundarlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data was obtained from the delivery register maintained at the Labour Room of the Department. The age of the mother, place where ANC services availed, birth weight of the newborn and the gestational age were recorded on a master chart. The newborn were considered LBW, if birth weight was <2500 gm, PTB if birth occurred <37 completed weeks of gestation and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), if birth weight was below the expected weight at birth for the gestational age. The prevalence of PTB, LBW and mean with SD of LBW were obtained. The association of PTB and LBW with place of ANC services availed was judged using Chi-square test. The 95% confidence interval of the prevalence was obtained by using logit transformation. Results: Out of total 2420 deliveries, 1858 mothers and their newborn were analysed. The mean age of mothers was 26.4±4.3 years. Half (50.1%) of the mothers had taken ANC at SS Hospital and the rest at other healthcare facilities. The prevalence of LBW and PTB babies were 29.2% (95% CI: 27.1-31.3) and 28.8% (95% CI: 26.7-30.9), respectively. Overall, both PTB and LBW were found to be significantly associated with the place of ANC services. Prevalence of LBW born in mothers who received ANC at tertiary care hospital was 19.4%; while it was 39.0% in those receiving at other healthcare facilities. The prevalence of PTB and LBW was more than 1.6 times and twice in those taken ANC at other health care facilities than those at TCH irrespective of gestational age. Among the PTB, the LBW were 42.2% in mothers receiving ANC at the Tertiary Care Center (TCH) against 65.6% in those receiving at other healthcare facilities. Among the full-term deliveries also, the LBW born were 13.1% in mothers receiving ANC at tertiary care as against 24.3% in those receiving at other healthcare facilities. Conclusion: The mothers seeking ANC services at other healthcare facilities need education about the advantage of ANC by the service providers, for timely and better adherence to ANC.
Definitive Impression Technique for Maxillary Defects in Patients with Reduced Mouth Opening- A Novel Approach
Authors: Dutta Vinay , Khalikar Arun , Wankhede Sattyam , Deogade Suryakant
Published: March 2022

Palatal defects are categorised as a multicausal pathology, with its aetiology ranging from trauma and microbial infections to oncogenic origin. This by and large leads to surgical defects of the palatal tissues which warrants immediate treatment. Due to this, the patient faces a plethora of challenges, namely psychological, functional and social. These defects can be catered to by means of surgical closure or prosthetic therapy. Thereby, this uplifts the patient’s self-confidence and performance of day-to-day activities. However, surgical closure by free flaps is not feasible in all cases due to the dearth of favourable tissues or prevalent co-morbid conditions. So, this makes fabrication of a palatal obturator the treatment of choice to rehabilitate these cases. An obturator is a maxillofacial prosthesis which blocks the oro-nasal communication and thus ameliorates the mastication, phonation and aesthetic profile of the affected subject. For fabricating well-fitting obturator prosthesis, making an accurate impression with appropriate spatial orientation of the orofacial structures is imperative. Many obstacles come in the way of a prosthodontist while making impression in such cases due to the complexity of the supporting stomatognathic system in terms of compressibility and multitude of geometric planes of the tissues. These patients present with restricted mouth opening due to scarring of tissues or radiation therapy. In this article, the authors describes a technique which predominantly addresses most of the problems related to the impression making procedures in patients treated with maxillectomy experiencing limited mouth opening.
Saline versus Metronidazole Peritoneal Lavage in Operated Cases of PeritonitisA Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kandamuthan Subitha , Thambi Renu
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Perforation peritonitis is a fairly common surgical problem. Despite recent advances in surgical practice, postoperative minor and major complications are common in patients of peritonitis. Intraoperative peritoneal lavage is an important operative management and the choice of fluid can affect the outcome. Aim: To compare the outcomes of peritoneal lavage using normal saline versus metronidazole in cases of perforation peritonitis in patients undergoing laparotomy, with respect to surgical site infections, sepsis, wound dehiscence, hospital stay. Materials and Methods: The present study was a longitudinal study done on 80 patients, divided in two groups with 40 cases in each group. In Group A, peritoneal cavity was lavaged with two litre of normal saline and closed after putting drains. In Group B peritoneal cavity was lavaged with two litre normal saline mixed with 100 mL (500 mg) of metronidazole and abdomen was closed in layers after placing two drains, kept closed for one hour after abdominal closure. Chi-square test was used, and p<0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: The mean age of patients in metronidazole group was 47.72±15.64 years, and was comparable to mean age 45.92±15.26 years in saline group, difference was not significant (p=0.6039). Male/Female in both groups were 31/9 and 30/10, respectively. It was observed that the patients in metronidazole group had less surgical site infections (22.5%) compared to saline group 42.5% (p=0.056), less sepsis (20% vs 62.5%) (p<0.001), less wound dehiscence (5% vs 15%) (p=0.136), and shorter hospital stay with a mean±SD of 9.975±2.25 and 11.82±2.85 days (p=0.0019). Conclusion: The metronidazole lavage is better than saline lavage. However, larger multicentric randomised controlled trials need to be done.
Prediction of Chemical Production Based on Neural Network
Authors: Liang Fei , Zhang Taowen
Published: March 2022

As an important part of artificial intelligence and machine learning, artificial neural network (ANN) has been widely used because of its strong information processing and autonomous learning capabilities. In this paper, the development history of ANN is summarized, and the three common types of ANN are introduced: MLP neural network, BP neural network and recurrent neural network. Finally the practical application of ANN in chemical production forecasting are analyzed and an outlook on its development direction is prospected.
The Role of Short-Term Study Abroad Programs in Enhancing the Undergraduate Student Experiences: A Case Study of FPT University
Authors: Hien Vo Ngoc
Published: March 2022

Amid a developed world like the present, all trade activities between countries are almost free of barriers, and all areas of life also develop on a large scale. Including transnational education and short-term study abroad programs is clear proof of such social progress. These programs offer many benefits to college students, especially in enhancing the valuable student experience. The article focuses on analyzing different aspects of the role of these experiences through the case study at FPT University. From there, analyze and offer development solutions so that these study abroad programs are increasingly promoting their effectiveness, and more young people gain experience and skills to develop comprehensively besides cultivating professional knowledge at university.
Type II Topp Leone Generalized Inverted Exponential Distribution with Real Data Applications
Authors: Al-Saiary Zakeia A. , Al-Jadaani Sarah H.
Published: March 2022

The generalization of standard and generalized distributions has become one of the concerns that the statistical theory depends on to obtain more exible distributions. In this article, a new distribution that is considered a generalization of the generalized inverted exponential distribution called the Type II Topp Leone Generalized Inverted Exponential (TIITLGIE) distribution is introduced. Some statistical properties of this distribution were obtained. The quantile function, median, moments, moment generating function, Reliability function, hazard function, mode, harmonic mean, mean and median deviation are derived. Furthermore, important measures such Rnyi entropy and the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation are deduced for parameters. Conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to study behavior of parameter estimates. Finally, applications on three real data sets are discussed.
Depiction of Genomic Regions and Genes Related with Drought Tolerance in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Demelash Habtamu
Published: March 2022

The study of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can bridge the gap between traditional breeding procedures and more efficient genetic improvements. The study of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can bridge the gap between traditional breeding procedures and more efficient genetic improvements. In this report, we assess progress in mapping quantitative trait loci and genes associated with drought resistance in sorghum. Drought avoidance is linked to a number of morphological and physiological adaptations, including limiting water loss and increasing water absorption. The effects of physiological parameters will be investigated in order to find certain selection criteria that could be relevant in the development of drought-tolerant genotypes. Drought avoidance is linked to a number of morphological and physiological adaptation traits, including In grain sorghum, quantitative trait loci affecting green retention are an important feature for post blooming drought tolerance that have been investigated in various situations and with various genetic backgrounds. The two QTLs remain green (Stg2 and Stg4) of B35 x Tx7000 RILs were entirely matched in both populations, according to QTL analysis performed in the two mapping populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Investigation done on different 44 sorghum lines confirmed that four QTL root nodal root angle discovered in the mapping population. Significant marker–trait association’s delignated within the quantitative chromosome (CI) for root angle (qRA2_5, qRA1_8 and qRA1_10) or closely allied to root angle (qRA1_5). Post-flowering drought response is expressed in sorghum when moisture stress occurs during grain development (GS-3). Three QTLs were detected for flowering time on chromosomes 2, 6, and 9, with log odds values (LOD) ranging from 2.5 to 3.3 and explained phenotypic variance (PVE) values calculated from 6 to 11%.
Assessment of Infant Formulae Based on Partially Hydrolysed Proteins
Authors: Halvorsen Ragnhild , Bueso Anne Elisabeth Kørner , Frøyland Livar , Rugtveit Jarle , Liaset Bjørn , Andersen Lene Frost , Frølich Wenche , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Narvhus Judith , Paulsen Jan Erik , Haugen Margaretha
Published: March 2022

The regulation of infant formulas is under revision, including the national restriction on sales of infant formulas with partially hydrolysed proteins to pharmacies only. In December 2007 the Norwegian Food Safety Authority requested an opinion from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety on infant formulas with partially hydrolysed protein. The opinion should cover an evaluation of risks associated with the replacement of conventional infant formulae (based on intact protein) by infant formula based on partially hydrolysed protein, including a specification of the risks associated with the consumption of infant formula based on partially hydrolysed proteins among infants with cow’s milk allergy. Furthermore, the opinion should include an evaluation of the preventive effect from formula with partially hydrolysed proteins on development of cow’s milk allergy.

To complete this task, VKM has established an ad hoc group that has prepared this report. The Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy has discussed and adopted this opinion.

The main conclusions are that although no studies show that partially hydrolysed formulas have negative effect on growth, measures should be taken in order to avoid that partially hydrolysed formulas replace regular infant formulas in the general population. Hydrolysed proteins have a high absorption rate, and ingestion of hydrolysed proteins have been shown to increase gastric emptying and plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide relative to the intact protein forms.

Feeding partially hydrolysed formulas to infants with cow’s milk allergy constitutes a risk of eliciting an allergic reaction which in worst case may be fatal. The risk that an infant with cow’s milk allergy will receive partially hydrolysed formula may increase if the products are sold with claims such as reduced risk towards cow’s milk allergy and reduced risk of developing cow’s milk allergy together with ordinary infant formula outsides pharmacies.

The risk of developing cow’s milk allergy is not shown to be reduced by introducing partially hydrolysed formula instead of regular formula during the first 4-6 months. There has not been demonstrated any preventive effect from hydrolysed formulas after the age of 6 months on the development of allergic disease.
Assessment of Very Low Calorie Diets
Authors: Haugen Margaretha , Birkeland Eline , Jervell Jak , Svendsen Mette , Andersen Lene Frost , Frølich Wenche , Frøyland Livar , Halvorsen Ragnhild , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Narvhus Judith , Paulsen Jan Erik
Published: March 2022

Very low calorie diets (VLCD products) are formulated products with 450 – 800 kcal per day intended to replace the whole diet. Regulation of VLCD is not harmonised in the EU, and there is no specific national Norwegian legislation for these products. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has requested VKM to propose minimum and maximum limits for the content of fat/ fatty acids, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in VLCD products based on acknowledged scientific documentation. VKM is also asked to evaluate if VLCD products are suitable in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and possible contraindications for use of VLCD.

This assessment is based upon the SCOOP-report “Collection of data on products intended for use in very-low-calorie-diets” (SCOOP, 2002) and new literature mainly after 2002. 

Based on the available scientific literature, the VKM Panel on nutrition, dietetic products novel food and allergy has concluded that, on a daily basis, VLCD products should provide minimum 55 g carbohydrates, 10 g fibres, 50 g high quality protein and 7 g fat, including 3 g from linoleic acid and 0.5 g from α-linolenic acid. The amino acid scoring pattern should be in accordance with the protein-digestibility-corrected amino acid score. 

VLCD products should provide minimum 10 µg vitamin D per day, and the minimum recommended daily intake for the other vitamins and minerals.

No maximum limits are suggested for carbohydrates, protein or fat, as the energy will be the limiting factor. The fibre content should not exceed 30 g per day, and the VKM Panel recommends that the maximum limits for vitamins, minerals and trace elements should equal two times the recommended daily intake.

VLCD will give short-term weight loss and improvement in blood pressure, serum lipids and glycemia in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and no serious adverse effects have been reported. VLCD may impede the educational process needed in the treatment of diabetes, and should therefore only be used as part of an educational program in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and only under medical supervision. 

VLCD is contraindicated in children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, elderly (above 65 years old) and in subjects with heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, gallstone disease, kidney- and liver diseases, psychiatric disorders, and in subjects with BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2. In addition one should be aware of the reducing effect of VLCD on blood pressure and the effect on hyperglycaemia which may cause problems if pharmacological therapies for these conditions are given. Medical supervision is recommended if VLCD treatment exceeds 3 weeks.

To prepare this report, VKM established an ad hoc group (members listed above). The VKM Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy has discussed and adopted this opinion.
Multifunctional Bioactive Peptides from Germinated Soy (Glycin max) and Voandzou (Vigna subterranea) Beans: In-vitro Anti-Diabetic Potential through α-amylase α-glucosidase Inhibition, and Antioxidant Ability by DPPH Reducing
Authors: Gladys Doué Ginette , Mégnanou Rose-Monde , Zoué Thierry Lessoy
Published: March 2022

Legumes, protein-rich foods containing various peptides, offer the possibility of modulating both sugar absorption and free radical production, in order to prevent diabetes and oxidative stress diseases. This study aimed to reveal the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of peptides from germinated soy and voandzou beans by checking the efficacy of these beans peptides generated by germination and even after post-meal digestion. Thus, beans crude proteins were extracted and digested with pepsin and pancreatic enzymes. Digested proteins were fractioned by dialysis. Each type of proteins ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity and to scavenge DPPH free radical, were tested. Total protein content determined by spectrophotometry at 241 nm and extraction yield evaluated showed no significant difference (p˂ 0.05) with an average of 88% (soy) and 86% (voandzou) and 64.43% (soy) and 60.30% (voandzou), respectively; as opposed to the soluble protein content assessed in the supernatant of protein isolates. Simulated digestion of isolate protein generated peptide extracts showed a better inhibitory capacity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with the digested voandzou protein isolate D2 exhibiting optimum inhibition (72.39%) for α-glucosidase near to acarbose (75.99%) and the digested soy protein isolate D2 displaying the optimum inhibition (89.25%) for α-amylase better than acarbose (75.99%). Moreover, it is the external fractions of size inferior to 10 kDa which are endowed with this excellent capacity of inhibition of these enzymes involved in the regulation of postprandial glucose. Finally, the high DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of all germinated protein isolate between 64.72 (D0) and 72.27% (D2) for soy and 73.45 (D0) and 81.43 % (D4) for voandzou is practically maintained after digestion and dialysis. Germinated soy and voandzou seeds thus have shown promising potential for being used as nutraceutical or functional ingredients for treatment and prevention of diabetes and diseases related to oxidative stress.
Interactive Effect of Salinity and Potassium on Maize Yield
Authors: Alomar Rahaf , Jena Dinabandhu
Published: March 2022

A pot culture experiment was undertaken during January 2021, in the greenhouse of Institute of Agriculture Science (IAS), SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to study the interactive effects of salinity and potassium levels on biomass yield, accumulation and uptake of K and Na by maize. The experiment was conducted in 2-factorial CRD with three replications and twelve treatments consisting of two levels of irrigation water (SW0- normal water EC-0.5 dS m-1,SW1-saline water @ 8 dS m-1), two sources of K fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4), and three doses of K (K1-0,K2-60and K3-120 kg ha-1). The results showed that continuous application of saline water (8 dS m-1) increased the soil ECe ( Electrical Conductivity of a saturated soil Extract) by 182-360 % over normal water treatments. Application of  K (120 kg ha-1) significantly decreased ECe by 29%, significantly increased the biomass yield (24%), K accumulation (14%),  K uptake (41%) and decreased Na content ( 17% ) over K control. The K+/Na+ ratio in maize in saline treatments decreased by 64% over normal water. Application of  K @120 kg ha-1 significantly increased the K+/Na+ ratio by 27% over K control. In saline stress environment, K+/Na+ ratio in plant fairly correlated with biomass yield (R2=0.73), K content (R2=0.79), and Na content (R2=0.89) in the plant.  K+/Na+ ratio in soil failed to correlate well with biomass yield. K+/Na+ ratio in the plant can be considered as the best indicator in evaluating crop performance in saline soil.
Effectiveness of Aqueous, Alcoholic Extracts and Fertilizing of Jatropha curcas Leaves in the Control of Blossom end Rot of Fruit in Tomato
Authors: N'dri Pacôme Kouassi , Antoine Bolou Bi Bolou , Mamadou Cherif , N’guessan Martial Kanga , Daouda Kone
Published: March 2022

The blossom end rot of fruit caused by calcium deficiency causes extensive damage going up to more than 50% of yield loss in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The present study was carried out in a greenhouse in a semi-controlled environment to evaluate the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and fertilizing with the powder of the leaves of Jatropha curcas on the growth parameters, the vigor of the plants, the size of the fruit, the rate of blossom end rot fruit, the yield and the accumulation of biomass Cobra 26 and Lindo varieties of tomato. The experimental system was a complete randomized block with 14 treatments repeated 3 times. Control plants were treated with tap water. Estimates of height, annulus diameter, fruit load, fruit size, blossom end rot fruit rate, yield as well as fresh and dry biomass were made. The aqueous extract at a concentration of 2 L/ha had the best vegetative development compared to all the treatments. As for the 3% alcoholic extract, it was the best in reducing the rate of blossom end rot fruits without any loss of yield and in accumulating fresh and dry aerial and root biomass. These results showed that the use of aqueous extracts, alcoholic extracts and the fertilizing with the powder of leaves of Jatropha curcas in the control of the blossom end rot of the tomato makes it possible to reduce efficiently the rate of blossom end rot fruits and the losses of yield.
Trend and Growth Rate Estimation of Principal Crops in Karnataka State in India
Authors: Ujwala Rani Seedari , Kumar Pramod , P. Singh Naveen , Paul R. K. , Padaria R. N. , Tadigiri Sirisha
Published: March 2022

The study undertaken to analyse the growth rate performance of area, production, productivity of selected  crops in Karnataka  from year 1997 to 2019. At state level, it was found that, the productivity of cereals showed positive growth with 1.22 percent. The area under maize increased by 5.30 percent by displacing Jowar, Bajra, minor millets. The rice and maize became stable crops in cultivation due its assured support prices and procurement from government. The production of pulses increased by 4.17 percent. The area under oil seeds showed negative trend with -5.87 percent which may be due to its high cost of production and unremunerative prices where as the commercial crops has recorded positive growth rates of production (2.69 percent) and productivity (2.43 percent) despite of its 0.24 percent area growth. The farmers prioritised sugarcane, cotton because of less labour requirements, good market prices. The Technology mission on oilseeds and Pulses in post 1990’s could be reason for increased production and productivity of pulses.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pregnancy: A Mini-review
Authors: Alsaleh Wael A. , Alsultan Nour I. , Daef Rania
Published: March 2022

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has become a research priority since first reported case in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Pregnant women and fetuses represent a vulnerable group for which the disease may have effects not applicable to the general population. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the association between COVID-19 and pregnancy in terms of the clinical manifestations, maternal and fetal outcomes, and the possibility of vertical transmission of the disease.

Methodology: Articles addressing the impact of COVID-19 during the perinatal period were obtained mainly from PubMed database. Most of the studies of a systematic review or meta-analysis used in the current study were published in the current year 2021.

Results: The present study discussed different issues. First, clinical manifestations were not different from the general population with fever and cough being the most common symptoms; while the course of the disease was milder in general compared to general population. Regarding vertical transmission, the current literature did not provide evidence supporting the transmission of SARS-Cov-2 to the fetus; although, there were few cases reported which do not exceed 4%.

Conclusion: In general, the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 do not greatly differ from the normal population. Cesarean section and premature birth were reported with no evidence of the presence of the novel coronavirus in the amniotic fluid nor the breast milk.
Evaluation of In vitro Antiacne Activity of Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.
Authors: Mahalakshmi T. V. , Sujatha E. , Padmini S.
Published: March 2022

Acne vulgaris is caused by Propionibacterium acnes, subsequently aggravated by Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. It is a common weed found in Asia and tropical Africa. The current investigation is aimed to explore its antiacne property targeting the aforementioned gram-positive strains. Disc diffusion method was adopted to screen the antibacterial property of the ethanol extract at various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50& 100mg/ml) compared with Ciprofloxacin using Mueller Hinton Agar medium. The diameter of the clear zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were calculated. From the results, it is apparent that the zone of inhibition was high for P. acnes (19mm), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (17mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (12mm), and was more sensitive to Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. ethanol extract at 100mg/ml concentration. Similarly, from the MIC values, it is found that the plant extract completely halted the growth of Propionibacterium acnes more efficiently at 0.32mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus at 0.25mg/ml, and 0.28mg/ml for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Either alone or in combination, the phytochemicals may be responsible for the observed scavenging property.
Reverse Straatsma Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Mukherji Payal , Kumari Suchitra , Shilpy Neha , Sinha Vidya Bhushan
Published: March 2022

Objective: Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms were evaluated in a patient diagnosed with reverse Straatsma syndrome.

Case Presentation: 22 years old male presented to Eye OPD with unilateral diminution of vision of left eye present since childhood. Complete ophthalmologic examination showed anisometropic hypermetropic ambylopia of +8DS/ +3.5DC x 90◦ in LE, correctable to 6/60 and myelinated nerve fibres in LE retina superior to optic disc. The RE after refractive correction of +1.5 DS showed 6/6 vision.

Results: Patient was given full refractive correction of RE and counseled for the condition in LE.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2022

Mr Charles Stewart notified the Society that he had sent a letter to the Ordnance Survey advising them of the historically significant sites in his area and urged other Fellows of the Society to do the same. Also includes the election of new Fellows and donations presented on the day.
Remarks on the Ancient Barrier called 'The Catrail;' with Plans
Authors: Kennedy William Norman
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the ditch known as the Catrail that runs from near Galashiels to near Peelfell on the borders of Northumberland. The author explains various interpretations of the Catrail's etymology, origins and purpose. He concludes that the ditch was built to serve as a boundary line but argues that there is not enough evidence to say with certainty who built it.

 

Meeting notes for 12 May, 1858 are appended.
Notice of the Burg of Mousa in Shetland
Authors: Dryden Henry , Stuart John
Published: March 2022

The author provides a short description of the Mousa Broch and states that without immediate intervention, the structure will fall into ruin very quickly. The Society appointed a committee to secure the funds necessary to restore the broch.
Account of a Circular Building, and other Ancient Remains, discovered in South Uist
Authors: Dryden Henry
Published: March 2022

The author gives the account of C. Gordon, who unearthed an unknown structure on South Uist. He describes the structure's dimensions and lists the items found inside. He then goes on to compare this find to the brochs found on Orkney and Shetland.
Notice of the Hospital of St Martha at Aberdour, Fife
Authors: Ross William
Published: March 2022

This author tracks the history of the Hospital of St Martha in Aberdour from the earliest mention of the 'Pilgrim's Well', a holy well believed to heal the sick, through the Earl of Morton granting the surrounding acreage to the church and finally the appointment of four of the sisters of St Francis to run the hospital. The circumstances of the return of the land is also noted and the author concludes with some comments about the location and use of the 'Pilgrim's Well'.
Remarks on the Round Tower of Brechin
Authors: Jervise Andrew , Ormiston William , Robertson Joseph
Published: March 2022

Andrew Jervise describes the dimensions and design of the Brechin Cathedral Round Tower, which he proposes was built in the 11th century. He discusses the relationship of this style of design to the early Irish Christian group, the Culdees. He also suggests some other monuments that he believes could be from the same period based on the similarity of some of their design elements. He concludes by discussing some folk tales and anecdotes about the tower’s construction and continued preservation.

 

Also appended is a notice from Joseph Robertson of a letter regarding a sixteenth century cannon that was used by the Spanish Armada. The Fellows of the Society encouraged the letter’s suggestion that the cannon be recovered from the sea off the coast of Buchan to be moved into the Museum.
Meeting notes
Authors: Robertson Joseph
Published: March 2022

An account of the donations presented on the day.

[The journal notes that Joseph Robertson’s paper will be printed in a later volume to give the author time to assess some further additions to his collections. The title of the communication was: ‘Notices of the Isle of the Loch of Banchory, the Isle of Loch Canmor, and other Scottish examples of the artificial or stockaded islands, called Crannoges in Ireland and Keltischen Pfahlbauten in Switzerland’]
Notice of a Tomb on the Hill of Roseisle, Morayshire, recently opened; also of the Chambered Cairns and Stone Circles at Clava, on Nairnside
Authors: Innes Cosmo
Published: March 2022

This article covers the two sites mentioned in the title. The author gives the dimensions of the cist at Roseisle and notes the finds that were uncovered there. He then goes on to describe the standing stones and cairns at Clava.
Notice of Underground Chambers recently Excavated on the Hill of Cairn Conan, Forfarshire
Authors: Stuart John
Published: March 2022

The author reports on the excavation of a cairn found on Cairn Conan, near St Vigeans. He includes some local history, the dimensions of the cairn and the process of the excavation. It is noted that the excavation has not been finished, but the author suggests some underground chambers that he believes may be of a similar style and speculates about what the discoveries in this area could mean for the wider study of cairns in the UK.
Notice of a Coffin cut out of the Solid Rock, containing an Urn, &c., discovered at Ferne, Forfarshire
Authors: Jervise Andrew
Published: March 2022

A brief description of a grave that was uncovered in Angus.

 

Meeting notes for 8 March, 1858 are appended.
Historical Notices of the Family of King James the First of Scotland, chiefly from information communicated by John Riddell, FSA Scot
Authors: Laing David , Riddell John
Published: March 2022

David Laing summarises the information given to him by John Riddell about the daughters of King James I. There are several discrepancies in surviving records about the names, order of birth and marriages of James I's six daughters, which the author attempts to reconcile. He also provides details from primary sources of the princesses' characters and achievements.
Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico da Utilização do Ultrassom em Processos Químicos e com Membranas
Authors: Barros Thiago Rodrigo Barbosa , Segundo Valdirio Alexandre Gadelha , Souza Caio Cefas da Nobrega , Silva José Nilton
Published: March 2022

Este artigo refere-se ao estudo de monitoramento da geração tecnológica no desenvolvimento de processo utilizando ultrassom, a partir da pesquisa de informações nos principais bancos de patentes, como Escritório Europeu de Patentes (EPO), Escritório Americano de Marcas e Patentes (USPTO), o Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) do Brasil, entre outros. Para levantamento das informações foi utilizada a plataforma Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chaves para as buscas “sonoquímica”, “ultrassom”, “membranas”, “polimérica”. Foram executadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas ao processo utilizando ultrassom ao longo dos últimos anos. Dentre as áreas de tecnologias relacionadas ao Ultrassom, a que mais se destacou foi Engenharia Química na preparação e utilização do ultrassom em membranas poliméricas, somando 19% do total. A principal matéria-prima utilizada para a produção/aplicação juntamente com o ultrassom foi o polímero polieterimida, com destaque também para celulose.
Estudo e Monitoramento da Geração de Tecnologias Utilizando Plantas do Gênero Jatropha
Authors: Soares Arianne de Freitas Barros , Silva José Nilton
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho aborda o estudo e monitoramento da geração de tecnologias desenvolvidas a partir da utilização de espécies do gênero Jatropha, baseado na busca de informações nos principais bancos de patentes. O levantamento das informações foi realizado por meio da plataformaPatentInspiration®, aplicando como critério de busca as palavras-chaves “Jatropha”, “Jatropha gossypiifolia”, “Jatropha curcas” e “Jatropha mollissima”. Foram realizadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características relacionadas ao desenvolvimento tecnológico a partir do uso de espécies de plantas do gênero Jatropha.
Análise do Programa Agentes Locais de Inovação no Processo de Inovação das Micro e Pequenas Empresas do Setor de Comércio Varejista do Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Nogueira Patricia da Silva , De Novais Sueli Menelau , De Sá Alessandra Sousa Cordeiro , Da Silva Evelyn Siqueira Bezerra
Published: March 2022

O Programa Agentes Locais de Inovação (ALI) objetiva ajudar as Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) na melhoria de ações voltadas para inovação, seguindo as indicações do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio à Micro e Pequena Empresa (SEBRAE), que atua em acordo com a política pública de inovação voltada a promover o crescimento econômico das empresas atendidas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como o Programa ALI está favorecendo o avanço de ações de inovação de MPEs do setor de comércio varejista de vestuário, na Região Metropolitana de Recife, no ciclo 2015–2017. O estudo possui abordagem quantitativa e finalidade descritiva, e coleta estruturada e longitudinal. O questionário é o instrumento aplicado pelo Programa ALI e se fundamenta na ferramenta Radar de Inovação. Os resultados indicam que o objetivo do Programa ALI foi alcançado, pois as MPEs estão saindo da posição de desenvolvedoras de inovação, indo para a posição das que inovam sistematicamente.
Tecnologias para a Produção de Biofertilizantes: tendências e oportunidades
Authors: Garrido Eduardo Cardoso , Rocha Angela Machado , Santos Douglas Alves , Gomila Jose Miguel Vicente
Published: March 2022

Biofertilizante é aquele fertilizante que dispõe de microrganismos vivos, dentre elas bactérias e fungos, que contribuem para a fertilidade do solo. O objetivo do artigo é o de analisar os dados históricos de patentes de modo a determinar quais as principais instituições mundiais que investem em pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico relacionados aos biofertilizantes. A Metodologia desenvolve o tratamento e análise dos resultados de patentes relacionadas à biofertilizantes por meio do Vantage Point, software de mineração de textos que se utiliza de um dicionário de palavras afins para agrupar autores, instituições e termos. Japão, Europa, Estados Unidos, Coréia, Índia e Brasil encontram-se entre os países com proeminência no âmbito de publicações de patentes. Dentre os dados levantados, destacam-se nos resultados as seguintes instituições japonesas: Hitachi Ltd; Sanyo Electric Co Ltd; Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Do total de titulares de patentes, 95,53% respondem por Empresas Privadas e 3,17% por Institutos de Pesquisa.
Análise do P&D Brasileiro com Uso da Nanotecnologia em Medicamentos para Uso Humano: pesquisas, tecnologias e produtos
Authors: Giuriatti Tiago , De Prá Manuel Adalberto Alfaro , Richartz Fernando , Moreira Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica de relações entre Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs) e empresas brasileiras acerca de pesquisas envolvendo nanotecnologia com aplicação ao desenvolvimento de medicamentos para uso em seres humanos. Especificamente, buscou-se apresentar o processo de inovação promovido pela nanotecnologia nas pesquisas de origem brasileira, por meio do levantamento de linhas de pesquisas, depósitos de patentes, tecnologias desenvolvidas, transferências desses conhecimentos, ensaios clínicos em andamento e concluídos, os quais resultaram, em produtos de origem nacional. Observou-se que as empresas brasileiras, em termos de depósitos de patentes, apresentam números incipientes, embora um número expressivo desses depósitos seja oriundo de parceria com ICTs brasileiras. Em especial, algumas empresas brasileiras realizaram ensaios clínicos com parcerias de ICTs, resultando no desenvolvimento de produtos de origem brasileira.
Prospecção Tecnológica da Patente BR 102014029616-6 A2: veículos para tintas de impressão
Authors: Frade de Paula Castro Carla , Coeli Andrade Marques Regina , Diniz Stenio
Published: March 2022

Este artigo realiza uma prospecção tecnológica e científica do pedido de patente intitulado  "Processo de obtenção de biopolímero iônico a partir de biopolímeros provenientes do tratamento térmico de materiais graxos”, de titularidade da Fundação Universidade de Brasília, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios para uma gestão estratégica do pedido junto ao INPI. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Orbit (patentes) e Web of Science (publicações), a partir das palavras-chave ink e printing, dado que a tecnologia foi considerada adequada como veículo para tintas de impressão. Encontrou-se uma predominância da produção tecnológica sobre a científica, com relativa estabilidade da atividade inventiva e uma crescente produção científica. Trata-se de segmento estabelecido, dominado por grandes empresas de países com altos investimento em P&D (Japão, China e EUA). O trabalho avaliou ainda a tecnologia com grau de maturidade tecnológica emergente e nível TRL4 de prontidão tecnológica.