bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regspraak: Towards a new form of customary marriage and ignorance of precedence
Authors: Manthwa TA
Published: July 2021

Die doel van die outeur met hierdie bydrae is om aan te voer dat daar ’n behoefte bestaan om die gewoontereg van huwelike te bewaar omdat dit moontlike uitwissing in die gesig staar as ’n mens die ontwikkelings in howe in ag neem waar vereistes aangepas word om die gewoontereg van huwelike progressief te maak sodat dit by ’n grondwetlike model sal aanpas. Die probleem het ontstaan met intieme verhoudings wat nie tradisioneel die legitimiteit van die families en gemeenskappe geniet nie omdat sekere praktyke wat deur die families vereis word om die huwelike te wettig, nie gehandhaaf word nie. Die howe erken egter deesdae sulke verbintenisse, met die gevolg dat die gaping tussen lewende wetgewing en amptelike wetgewing al groter word. Die onderliggende oogmerk van die outeur met hierdie bydrae is om aan te toon dat daar ’n behoefte is om intieme verhoudings te erken wat tradisioneel nie dieselfde status as ’n burgerlike huwelik geniet het nie. Dit beteken egter nie dat die hof hierdie intieme verhoudings as gebruiklike huwelike sal beskou bloot omdat lobola betaal is, die partye saamwoon en die bedoeling het om saam te wees nie. Die verklaring van oorhandiging as ongrondwetlik en die aanvaarding van die algehele afstanddoening daarvan het implikasies vir die gebruik van lobola. Dieselfde argument wat teen die oorhandiging gebruik is, kan ook gebruik word om van lobola ontslae te raak, wat noodsaaklik is vir die voltrekking van ’n gebruiklike huwelik. ’n Oorweging wat net so belangrik in die hof is wanneer oor die vereistes van die geldigheid van ’n gebruiklike huwelik besluit word, is respek vir voorkeur. Die beginsel bly ’n verskanste deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. In gevalle waar die hof beslis dat ’n praktyk belangrik is en steeds gehandhaaf moet word ten einde die lewende reg van die gemeenskappe af te dwing, kan dieselfde hof nie later teruggaan op sy woord en die gevolgtrekking maak dat die praktyk nie meer belangrik is sonder om oortuigende redes vir die verandering van die vroeëre besluit te gee nie. As die hof dit doen, ondermyn hy die oppergesag van die reg en bied ’n platform vir wettige chaos omdat die publiek waarskynlik vertroue in die behoorlike regspleging van howe sal verloor.
Choice of Islamic law in the context of the wider lex mercatoria: an express choice of non-state law in contract
Authors: Adams F
Published: July 2021

In hierdie artikel word die Islamitiese reg in die konteks van die wyer lex mercatoria oorweeg. Die outeur oorweeg welke eienskappe ’n toepaslike reg moet bevat sodat dit as ’n geldige keuse van ’n regsbestel wat nie behoort tot ’n bepaalde staat nie kan dien. Die artikel begin met die verkenning van die internasionale sakegemeenskap konsep. Die internasionale sakegemeenskap het normatiewe funksies, ten minste in sover hierdie norme binne daardie gemeenskap toegepas word. In hierdie artikel ondersoek die outeur wie almal deel uitmaak van daardie gemeenskap en in welke gevalle die norme, wat deur die gemeenskap geskep word, beskou moet word as die toepaslike reg van die kontrak. Hierdie bepaling word gemaak deur aanvanklik te steun op die kriteria soos uiteengesit in artikel 3 van die Haagse beginsels van keuse van regstelsel in internasionale handelskontrakte. Die beginsels in artikel 3 word egter nie woordeliks aanvaar nie, maar uitgebrei en aangepas om aan ’n gemeenskapsgerigte siening van die reg van toepassing op kontrakte te voldoen. Hierdie aangepaste beginsels word deur die outeur sekerheidsmaatstawwe genoem. Die aangepaste kriteria word dan op die Islamitiese reg toegepas om te bepaal of dit geskik is as die toepaslike reg van die kontrak. Twee soorte Islamitiese reg word oorweeg. Na die eerste verwys die outeur as die tradisionele Islamitiese reg, wat hy onvanpas vind om as die toepaslike reg van ’n kontrak te geld op grond van die onsekerheid wat deur die verskillende Islamitiese regskole geskep word en wat nie bevorderlik vir regsekerheid is nie. Die tweede kan nie as sodanig as Islamitiese reg beskou word nie, maar is ’n stel standaarde wat op Islamitiese reg (AAOFII-standaarde) gebaseer word. Hierdie standaarde funksioneer op dieselfde wyse as modelreëls vir Islamitiese kommersiële kontrakte. Die outeur bevind dat hierdie standaarde aan die vereistes van die sekerheidsmaatstawwe voldoen wat in hierdie artikel voorgestel word, en dit word as geskik beskou as die toepaslike reg van die kontrak. Die kriteria wat in hierdie artikel ontwikkel word, word slegs op Islamitiese reg toegepas, maar, as gevolg van die nut wat deur hierdie kriteria verskaf word, kan dit gebruik word om ’n beoordeling te maak van enige geldige keuse van ’n regsbestel wat nie behoort tot ’n bepaalde staat nie. Vir huidige doeleindes word die gevolgtrekking bereik dat slegs sekere vorme van religieuse reg geskik is as die toepaslike reg van ’n kommersiële kontrak.
Aantekeninge: Third-party appointments – may the tax collector please comply?
Authors: Legwaila T
Published: July 2021

Ten einde die effektiewe invordering van belasting te bewerkstelling, stel die Wet op Belastingadministrasie 28 van 2011 die kommissaris van die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomstediens in staat om derdepartyaanstellings te maak. So ’n aanstelling bring mee dat ’n persoon geld wat die persoon hou namens die belastingbetaler, skuld of sal hou of sal skuld, moet oorbetaal aan die inkomstediens om die belastingbetaler se uitstaande belastingskuld te delg. In 2015 is die wet gewysig met die insluiting van nuwe vereistes waaraan voldoen moet word alvorens die belastinggaarder so ’n derdepartyaanstelling kan maak. Die inkomstediens mag slegs so ’n aanstelling maak as daar ’n uitstaande belastingskuld is en die inkomstediens ’n finale aanmaning aan die belastingbetaler gerig het ten minste tien besigheidsdae voor die derdepartyaanstelling. Hierdie aanmaningskrywe moet die verhalingstappe wat die inkomstediens tot sy beskikking het indien die belastingbetaler nie betaal nie asook die skuldverligtingsmeganismes kragtens die wet uiteensit. Indien die inkomstediens nie aan hierdie vereistes voldoen nie is die derdepartyaanstelling nietig. In ten minste twee gevalle in 2020 het die inkomstediens derdepartyaanstellings gedoen sonder dat daar voldoen is aan hierdie addisionele vereistes. In die twee sake, wat in die Gautengse hooggeregshof beslis is, het die derdepartye op grond van die derdepartyaanstellings opgetree, wat duidelik tot nadeel van die belastingbetalers was. Dit is kommerwekkend dat die derdepartyaanstelling in die tweede saak gemaak is nadat die eerste saak reeds beslis is. Ten spyte daarvan dat die gebreke in die tweede saak ooreenstem met die gebreke in die eerste saak, het die inkomstediens gemeen dat dit steeds die tweede saak kon wen. In beide sake het die inkomstediens se verteenwoordigers nie die waarheid vermeld oor of die lewering van die finale aanmaningskrywes na die posadresse van die belastingbetalers gestuur is nie. Verder kon die deponente, wat namens die inkomstediens eedsverklarings afgelê het, nie verklaar dat hul persoonlike kennis gehad het of die skrywes gelewer is by wyse van e-filing nie. Daar was ook geen eedsverklarings aangeheg by die beantwoordende eedsverklaring van enige amptenaar van die inkomstediens wat persoonlike kennis gedra het van lewering by wyse van e-filing nie. Die hof het in beide sake kostebevele teen die inkomstediens gemaak. Die outeur meen dat die hof die contra fiscumreël verkeerd toegepas het aangesien daar geen dubbelsinnigheid was in die uitlê van die relevante statutêre bepalings nie.
egspraak: Constitution and contract: indirect and direct application of the bill of rights on the same day and the meaning of “in terms of law”
Authors: Rautenbach IM
Published: July 2021

In Beadica 231 CC v Trustees, Oregon Trust het die konstitusionele hof bevestig dat die handves van regte indirek toegepas moet word op kontraktuele bepalings en die uitvoering daarvan. Volgens die hof is begrippe soos redelikheid, billikheid, goeie trou en grondwetlike waardes nie regsbegrippe nie maar abstrakte waardes wat gebruik word om die regsreël toe te pas dat kontrakte nie teen die openbare beleid mag wees nie. Daarmee wou die hof meningsverskille in die regspraak en -literatuur uit die weg ruim. Dit is onwaarskynlik dat die hof daarin geslaag het. Die werklike meningsverskille gaan oor hoeveel gewig in besondere gevalle geheg moet word aan kontrakteervryheid aan die een kant, en die handvesregte wat deur kontrakte en hulle uitvoer beperk word aan die ander kant. Deur bevindings in uitsprake sorgvuldig te motiveer met verwysing na die faktore in artikel 36(1) van die grondwet sal die standpunte duideliker gestel word en meer sinvolle debatte daaroor gevoer kan word. Dit verg ’n direkte toepassing van die handves van regte. In AB v Pridwin Preparatory School het die konstitusionele hof beslis dat wanneer die ongeldigheid van optrede ingevolge ’n kontraktuele bepaling op die openbare-beleid-reël gebaseer word, die handves indirek daarop toegepas moet word, terwyl gevalle waarin die applikante hulle saak slegs op die skending van handvesregte baseer, nie-kontraktuele geskille is waarop die handves direk toegepas moet word. Die skending van handvesregte vind egter nooit in ’n lugleegte plaas nie, maar altyd binne die raamwerk van die een of ander regsterrein, in hierdie geval die kontraktereg, en die uitwerking van die uitoefening van die grondwetlike reg op kontrakteervryheid op ander handvesregte moet vasgestel word ongeag of indirekte of direkte toepassing van die handves plaasvind. Daar bestaan nie so iets soos gewone kontraktereg en daarnaas grondwetlike kontraktereg nie. Die hof se direkte toepassing het in elk geval op indirekte toepassing neergekom want die algemene beperkingsbepaling is nie toegepas nie. Die hof se uitleg van “in terms of law” in artikel 36(1), naamlik dat dit slegs geld vir beperkings “in” regsreëls, is die enigste rede wat die hof sedert 1995 aangevoer het waarom die hof die handves nie direk op kontraktuele bepalings en hulle uitvoering toepas nie. Die uitdrukking sluit geen beperking uit nie, maar verorden die formele legaliteitsbeginsel dat alle beperkings uitdruklik of stilswyend deur regsreëls gemagtig moet word. Die hof se benadering veroorsaak verwarring en onsekerheid soos duidelik blyk uit onder andere die verskillende uitsprake in Dladla v City of Johannesburg (2018 2 BCLR 119 (KH), 2018 2 SA 327 (KH)).
Regspraak: Ethical and professional duties of legal practitioners: another casualty of Covid-19?
Authors: Van Eck Michele
Published: July 2021

Die uitbreek van die coronavirus in 2019 (Covid-19) het baie individue in hul daaglikse lewens geraak. In die nasleep daarvan is wêreldekonomieë verwoes, staatshulpbronne uitgeput en mediese infrastrukture is op die rand van ineenstorting gelaat. Dit is geen wonder dat die regering, toe die Covid-19 infeksie gedurende 2020 vir die eerste keer in Suid-Afrika waargeneem is, vinnig stappe geneem het om die infeksie in te hok sodat lewens gered kon word nie. Dit is gedoen met die verklaring van ’n nasionale ramptoestand onder die Wet op Rampbestuur 57 van 2002 met die implementering van ’n sogenaamde harde inperking in Maart 2020 wat ’n oorvloed van regulasies meegebring het. Dit is nie die bedoeling om die inperkingsregulasies te bespreek nie, maar om die tugmaatreëls van die hof in Administrator of Dr JS Moroka Municipality v Kubheka (2020 3 All SA 96 (ML)) te bespreek. Verskeie regspraktisyns betrokke in daardie saak het blykbaar nie oor geldige permitte beskik wat ingevolge die regulasies vereis is nie. Die hof was krities oor die skynbare oortreding en het ’n afskrif van die uitspraak na die direkteure van die Mpumalanga en Gautengse regsadviesrade verwys. Die hof het ook verskeie van die regspraktisyns verbied om fooie en kostes vir die bywoning van daardie hofaansoek van 31 Maart 2020 te eis. Teen dié agtergrond bespreek die outeur die hof se toesighoudende rol en sy dissiplinêre funksie van die regsberoep, sowel as die wyse waarop die hof en die regsadviesraad wangedrag van regspraktisyns in die algemeen kan aanspreek. Daar word verwys na die verskillende filosofiese modelle wat gebruik kan word in die algemene regulering van die regsberoep, wat die doel van dissiplinêre aksies in die konteks van die beroep beïnvloed asook die tipe dissiplinêre aksies wat gebruik kan word. Die verantwoordelikheid van ’n regspraktisyn om niks te doen wat die regsprofessie in oneer kan bring nie, word beklemtoon. Respek vir die hof, eerlikheid, integriteit, en ook die nakoming van die landswette deur alle regslui is noodsaaklik vir die behoorlike funksionering van die regsberoep.
Aantekeninge: Overview of constitutional court judgments on the bill of rights – 2020
Authors: Laubscher Roxan
Published: July 2021

None
Gig Economy, Austerty and “Uberization” of Labor in Brazil (2014 – 2019)
Authors: Nunes Pires Guilherme , Guedes Pinto José Paulo
Published: July 2021

The aim of the present paper is to understand the exponential growth of “Uberization” of labor in Brazil by analyzing the economic crisis and the austerity program putted in practice from 2014. The emergence of Gig Economy and the “Uberization” of labor is a global trend in digital age and Brazil has experienced the exponential growth of these type of labor relations in recent years. Millions of Brazilian workers now have their entire income exclusively from digital platforms without labor rights. However, its only possible to understand this process considering the economic crisis and, as a response of it, the austerity program. The offensive of capital over labor as a response of the profitability crisis penalized the working class and provided the rapid growth of the “Uberization” of labor in Brazil and an alternative for the capital accumulation on the other side.
Mortality from malignant neoplasms of the digestive system in the cities of the Chelyabinsk region affected by radiation accidents
Authors: Konshina Lidiya G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Due to the long-term radioactive contamination of a part of the territory of the Chelyabinsk region, much attention is paid to the analysis of the health status of the population. One of the adverse effects of radiation is the occurrence of neoplasms. The highest doses of radiation as a result of many emergencies were received by the digestive organs. Material and methods. The study of adult mortality in the cities Kasli and Kyshtym over 50 years from 1947 to 1996. The following age groups were studied: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70 years, and older. Results. An increase in the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other digestive organs in the adult population over 50 years was found. The growth of indices has been observed since 1952. The maximum mortality values from esophageal and gastric ulcers were recorded from 1962 to 1971, from intestinal ulcers from 1972 to 1981. Several waves of increasing mortality were recorded: in the early 50s, after 1957, after 1967, in the late 70’s - early 80‘s of the XX century. The increase in mortality from malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs of all localities in the studied cities among women and people of the elderly (60-69 yrs) and (70 yrs and older) age, as a rule, began five years earlier. Among the population under 50 years of age, differences in cancer mortality from control values were poorly expressed. Conclusion. Mortality rates from malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other unspecified digestive organs in the adult population, especially in the ages of 50-59, 60-69, and 70 and older, in the cities of Kasli and Kyshtym in some periods significantly exceed the control values.
Theories of change in Agile Psychology
Authors: Rad Dana , Rad Gavril
Published: July 2021

Theory of Change is essentially a detailed illustration and exemplification of how and why a desired change is expected to occur in a certain setting. It is particularly concerned with mapping out or what has been termed as the missing gap between what an intervention or change effort performs and how they contribute to the achievement of desired outcomes. It accomplishes this by first defining the intended long-term objectives and then working backwards from these to determine all of the circumstances (outcomes) that must exist (and how they are causally connected to one another) for the objectives to occur. All of this is stated out in an Outcomes Framework. The Outcomes Framework then serves as the foundation for determining what form of activity or intervention will result in the outcomes listed as prerequisites for reaching the long-term objective. The precise relation between activities and the attainment of long-term goals is better understood using this technique. This results in improved planning since actions are related to a full grasp of how change occurs. It also leads to improved assessment since it allows for the measurement of progress toward the attainment of longer-term goals that extend beyond the identification of program outcomes. For modern managers, working with agile development necessitates the adoption of a new philosophy or psychology. While method is vital to guarantee that the team produces high-quality interventions that fulfills clients’ needs, it's also crucial to remember that the Agile Method emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and transparency among team members as well as between the team and management. It creates a management climate in which managers exert less control and more facilitation. The manager's responsibility shifts to one of removing bottlenecks, fostering openness and communication, and monitoring the change-driven environment to ensure that the results satisfy goals and criteria but not exerting too much control on the flow of the process of agile development. Change is no longer incorrect; rather, the inability to change is incorrect. Thus, the emphasis of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance of approaching agile psychology with theories of change methodologies.
STUDI KRITIS NIKAH TANPA WALI KAJIAN TAFSIR AHKAM QS. AL-BAQARAH: 232
Authors: Mufidah Ida , Masruhan Masruhan
Published: July 2021

One of the crucial issues in marriage is marriage without a guardian which is a problem of khilafiyyah ijtihadiyyah among the ulama' madhhab. One of the verses that is used as a foothold by each party is QS. Al-Baqarah: 232 with different interpretations. This paper attempts to conduct a critical study of the interpretation of the verse regarding the legality of marriage without a guardian. The results of the study conducted show that the difference in the scholars' interpretation of the verse is in the khit}a>b contained in the verse. According to the majority of scholars, the verse is intended for female guardians so that the verse indicates that marriage without a guardian is not valid. Meanwhile, according to the Hanafi school of thought, the verse is aimed at a husband who prevents his ex-wife from marrying someone else so that the verse shows a woman can marry herself without a guardian. Although this is a khilafiyyah problem, marriage without a guardian has the potential to cause a marriage based on consensual only which needs to be avoided.
Requerimientos Hídricos a largo plazo del Nogal con Imágenes de Satélite en la región Centro-Sur del estado de Chihuahua
Authors: Salcido Mundo Dania Gabriela , Rivas Lucero Bertha Alicia , Morales Morales Hugo Armando , Márquez Fierro Walter Alberto , Hermosillo Nieto José Javier
Published: July 2021

En la actualidad uno de los factores importantes para toda actividad humana es el agua. Chihuahua al ser gran productor de Nuez y uno de los principales exportadores a nivel mundial demanda gran parte del agua para su producción. Sin embargo, la sobreexplotación de las cuencas superficiales y subterráneas es una alerta para el estudio, cálculo y administración de las fuentes de extracción del agua. En este estudio se utilizaron imágenes de satélite para estimar los requerimientos hídricos de las huertas nogaleras a través de comparaciones del crecimiento y nuevas áreas de cultivo basándose en imágenes del año 2005 y 2017 para comprobar el aumento que han tenido en los últimos 12 años; pruebas de campo, entrevistas tanto a productores como a módulos del Distrito de riego 005 fueron tomadas de igual forma para la obtención de los volúmenes de agua necesarios para la región Nogalera que comprenden los módulos 05, 06 y 09 de los municipios de Delicias, Rosales y Meoqui. Los resultados muestran un incremento de la superficie ocupada por el nogal, estimándose un consumo anual de agua por hectárea de alrededor de 13, 10 ½ y 4 millones de m3 para los municipios de Delicias, Rosales y Meoqui respectivamente. Además, se observa que en el acuífero Meoqui-Delicias se genera una descarga de agua mayor a la recarga del manto. Lo anterior muestra que el menor abastecimiento del acuífero y la creciente descarga del mismo generará un desabasto de agua para la región Nogalera en años futuros.
Quantitative ABCD Analysis of IEDRA Model of Placement Determination
Authors: Shenoy Varun , P. S. Aithal
Published: July 2021

The current technological and digital era has always directed campus recruitment process
towards eruption of paradigm shifts matching new systems of industrial workforce
engagements. The dilemma of job seeking graduates today in campus has ever more
convoluted towards the rapid changes in industry and employment market. IEDRA Model of Student Campus Placement Realization was a more comprehensive study undertaken by Shenoy & Aithal (2017) to resolve such a dilemma of students. Therefore here, a brief study is undertaken to discover practical viabilities, understand the usefulness, resourcefulness and universal applications of IEDRA Model of campus placement determination towards concerned stakeholders. A new model of framework analysis named ABCD analysis developed by Aithal et al. (2015) is adopted here for arriving at appropriate theory, hypothesis or postulate constructs regarding the ubiquitous appeal of the IEDRA Framework.
AI-Based Assessment for Teaching and Learning Enhancement
Authors: Chaudhari Shubham , More Pradnya , Bhadak Siddheshwar , Chaudhari Swati , Gawali Tukaram
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the use of Artificial Intelligence in the smart education learning process. Nowadays Artificial Intelligence grapes a place in the education field. This survey is giving justification that how the humans' mind is changed by AI. Here we go on the proposed model, experimentation, results, and Limitation of the system. These papers present various methods of Artificial Intelligence in student assessment for teacher and learning enhancement.
Review on Analysis and Optimization of Piston of IC Engine
Authors: Lande Mr. Ratnakar , Awachat Prof. Prashant , Parshiwanikar Prof. Tejpal
Published: July 2021

FEA is used in this research to describe the stress distribution of a seizure on a piston four stroke engine. Computer-aided design (CAD) software is used to do the finite element analysis. The major goal is to explore and analyse the thermal stress distribution of the piston during the combustion process in a real engine. The mesh optimization is described in this study, which uses a finite element analysis technique to anticipate the component's greater stress and critical region. The piston's upper end, which includes the piston head/crown, as well as the piston skirt and sleeve, is optimised to reduce stress concentration. The structural model of a piston will be developed using computer-aided design (CAD) and Pro/ENGINEER software. Furthermore, the finite element analysis was carried out with the ANSYS software.
Sacral architecture of Split parish churches built since 1990
Authors: Matić Gabrijela , Peković Željko
Published: July 2021

Objective: The article aims to provide a typology of contemporary sacral architecture in Croatia by analyzing the churches built in the Split area after the post-World War II ban on building churches was abolished.
Methods: Parish archives and the Archive of Split-Makarska Archdiocese provided documentation that allowed for an in-depth analysis of newly built churches. A short historical overview is provided to corroborate the need of respective parishes for a new church; this is followed by an analysis of the ground plan and other architectural features. The church architecture is considered in the light of post-Council instructions that affect the appearance of contemporary churches. Finally, we provide an analysis of the relationship between sacral buildings and their urban environment.
Results: Twelve new parish churches were built in the city of Split City area since 1990. A data analysis revealed that the major problem during church construction projects was the visual integration of the churches into the Split neighborhoods. The shape and size of the buildings was partly dictated by the urban environment. Most churches are located in the immediate vicinity of the center of the neighborhood. The churches mainly differed by the shape of their bell towers, which were used by the architects to convey their devotion to or departure from tradition. The move toward central-plan buildings, which would be expected in the light of post-Council guidelines, did not emerge in Split.
Conclusion: A comparison of contemporary sacral architecture in Split did not reveal a defined church design typology. The contemporary sacral architecture in Split has not completely turned to new trends and is still partly trying to keep the tradition, as reflected in the ground plan and bell tower design. Architects have abandoned the strong longitudinal axis and have been dimensioning the churches based on the real needs.
A bit closer to the past: the three-dimensionalization of an Inca ceremony in the north Calchaquí Valley (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Ferrari Alejandro Andrés , Izaguirre Joaquín Ignacio , Acuto Félix Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Like other expansive polities, the expansion of the Inca empire across the highlands and lowlands of South America is not only a history of trade and warfare, but also of mesmerizing public performances that yielded new and memorable experiences. During highly ritualized public celebratory events, the local polities gained first-hand access to the imperial liturgy, which was vital to promote and legitimate the Inca cosmology across the newly acquired lands. Especially in the last 20 years, new technologies, an ever-growing corpus of archaeological data, as well as increasing hardware capacity and software development, make it possible to emulate the scenes that people got to witness during the Inca public events, at a home computer scale and without complex and expensive equipment. Furthermore, it prompts us to test and apply new tools and academic dissemination techniques, perhaps more suitable to current technologies and means of knowledge storage and circulation. This article presents the process of building a three-dimensional (3D) model that, on the one hand, combines historical, ethnographic, and archaeological data with Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets; on the other hand, it uses detailed architectural analysis and astronomical measurements. The objective is to yield renders that accurately display the atmospheric and lighting conditions prevailing when the site was inhabited. We will offer a detailed description of all methods, techniques, equipment, and software used to create the model and the parameters for rendering the images. The authors intend to exemplify how 3D modelling goes well beyond the 3D model as a product in itself; it becomes a fundamental tool that encouraged us to test new variables and discuss new interpretations about this settlement. Results indicate that its builders designed these settlement's Inca compounds to show off the imperial capabilities and constructive proficiency, to convey exceptional, memorable experiences to its residents and visitors, and to stage explicit links between the imperial representatives and some fundamental procreative components of the Andean cosmos. In doing so, Guitián's plaza served to stage and communicate the privileged role the imperial representatives claimed to have in a broader cosmological scheme.

Highlights:

Inca public performances were finely choreographed so that objects, places, people, landscape, and skyscape features interacted according to the main principles of imperial cosmology.

Current mid-range hardware and specialized yet reasonably user-friendly software are suitable to create accurate three-dimensional (3D) models combining historical, archaeological, and astronomical data.

Creating such a detailed 3D model contributes to cultural heritage and academic dissemination and prompted us to revise and broaden our interpretations.
Performance Evaluation for Related Techniques of the Proposed Environment Pollution Monitoring System for an Iraqi Case Study
Authors: Al-jarakh Taha E. , Hussein Osama Abbas , Al-azzawi Alaa Khamees , Mosleh Mahmood Farhan
Published: July 2021

The main challenge of this research is to scale the IoT platform aspects related to exchanging, processing, and archiving messages at the lowest cost compute-wise, through evaluating and selecting the most appropriate techniques that can be used in the design of the environment pollution monitoring system for a case study of Iraq. The entirety of the optimization process aims to provide a nation-wide community-oriented service via the scalable platform. The platform provides an intake for a huge number of sensing nodes. Compute-operations following the form of data analysis, aggregation, sensors’ monitoring for the five air pollutants (SO2, CO, O3, NO2, and PM), in addition to radioactive contamination. Thus system-level performance evaluation takes place on the major compute-intensive operations. Thus, proposals are made to optimize the performance in terms of reducing the scripts execution time and the size of data and messages transmitted and stored in the system.
A Design of CP-MIMO System with Elements of a Diamond-Ring Slot for 5G Mobile-Phone
Authors: Abdullah Alyaa Sami , Hashem Seham A. , Mosleh Mahmood F .
Published: July 2021

This paper proposed a Circular Polarization (CP) smartphone antenna Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with elements of a diamond ring slot for next-generation (5G). The model's composition contains four elements. Each element has a dual-fed diamond ring slot arranged at the four smartphone corners Printed Circuit Board (PCB). A cheap FR-4 substrate with using a size of 75 x 150 mm2 as the design dielectric mater. 50-Ohm microstrip-lines T-shaped feeds the antenna ports. The orthogonal positioning of microstrip feed lines is used to achieve polarization and diversity characteristics. The paradigm results show that each port operated with an operating frequency of 3.74 GHz, with the overall system running at 3.84 GHz. Also, the results show that the MIMO system is suitable for operation in a sub-6 band that qualified for 5G smartphone applications.
Peran ABCD Pada KKN-DR (Kuliah Kerja Nyata Dari Rumah) Di Era Covid -19 Tahun 2021
Authors: Evi Nurus Suroiyah  , Sholihatul Atik Hikmawati
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 berimbas pada banyak sektor, baik perekonomian maupun sumber daya masyarakat dan KKN-DR (Kuliah Kerja Nyata Dari Rumah) salah satunya. Dengan menggunakan kecanggihan zaman, media sosial sangat berperan akrif dan efektif dalam kegiatan KKN-DR yang dilaksanakan di tempat tinggal masing-masing mahasiswa seperti mensosialisasikan penanganan dan pencegahan Covid-19 dengan mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Banyak desa yang menjadi bidikan KKN-DR di karenakan pelaksanaan di tempat tinggal masing-masing yang tentu saja mempunyai permasalahan dan budaya serta watak yang berbeda-beda. Adapun program-program yang dirancang oleh mahasiswa KKN-DR IAI Sunan Kalijogo Malang menggunakan metode  Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) sebagai wadah pendekatan pemberdayaan berperan aktif baik masyarakat maupun mahasiswa dengan memunculkan potensi/kekuatan wilayah atau desa masing-masing. Berangkat dari metode  Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) mahasiswa mempunyai 4 program yaitu,        Bidang keagamaan (pembelajaran ubudiyah), Bidang Pendidikan (TPQ dan Bimbingan Belajar), Bidang Perekonomian dengan cara memajukan UMKM serta Bidang Lingkungan sehat mengajak pada disiplin protokol kesehatan secara offline maupun online melalui media seperti WhatsApp, Instagram, Google Meet dan Youtube. Seluruh program yang direncanakan mahasiswa  KKN-DR IAI Sunan Kalijogo Malang 2021 telah dilaksanakan dengan baik, hal ini berkat dukungan dari seluruh anggota masyarakat desa beserta perangkatnya yang dengan penuh semangat serta antusias yang tinggi sehingga program yang dilaksanakn benar-benar bermanfaat dan dapat dirasakan tujuannya oleh kelompok sasaran yang direncanakan.
Team Work Employee Engagement dalam Pendampingan Operator Madrasah Di KKMI Tutur Pasuruan
Authors: Khoirul Anwar
Published: July 2021

Dengan semakin canggihnya teknologi, menuntut lembaga pendidikan khususnya madrasah mengikuti perkembangan utamanya di era digitalisasi saat ini. Madrasah yang kerap dibandingkan dengan sekolah sekarang tidak lagi ada perbedaan yang siignifikan antara keduanya, transformasi pendidikan madrasah sudah semakin menunjukkan kesiapan untuk bersaing secara professional dalam dunia pendidikan. Maka dari hal tersebut pembenahan terus digalakkan terlebih dalam sistem informasi manajemen madrasah sehingga secara tidak langsung merangsang madrasah yang berada di tingkat kecamatan ikut berbenah menghadapi tantangan pendidikan saat ini. Dari sinilah lahir komunitas baru yaitu operator madrasah yang berperan penting dalam mengawal sistem maupun aplikasi pendataan. Kinerja operator madrasah dinilai kurang maksimal saat lembaga berjalan secara individu, sehingga membutuhkan sebuah formula khusus agar efektifitas pendataan di madrasah tetap berjalan sesuai harapan kementerian agama. Melalui kegiatan pendampingan operator madrasah dengan metode Team Work Employee Engagement diharapkan mampu menjawab problem pendataan yang terkesan menuntut agar madrasah belajar secara mandiri dalam mengembangan maupun memahami aplikasi yang dibuat oleh kementerian. Dari metode ini terbukti membawa hasil yang maksimal, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan solidnya para operator lembaga dalam mengawal pendataan yang awalnya bersifat individu dirubah menjadi kerja tim yang mampu meringankan beban madrasah utamanya dalam hal sistem informasi. Sehingga melalui kegiatan pendampingan ini madrasah mampu berbenah utamanya dalam hal administrasi karena peran operator madrasah sudah lebih maksimal dan terkoordinir dengan baik dalam mengawal proses pendataan yang ada di madrasah khususnya madrasah swasta di wilayah Kecamatan Tutur.
Dumoney: Um projeto de educação financeira associado ao incentivo à frequência escolar
Authors: Gomes Marta Suiane Barbosa Machado , Farias Isabel Maria Sabino de
Published: July 2021

O trabalho científico em questão apresenta uma experiência educacional realizada pela Escola Santos Dumont, pertencente à Rede Pública Municipal de Fortaleza. O projeto analisado aconteceu entre os anos de 2015 a 2017 e resultou na aprendizagem de conhecimentos matemáticos, por meio da circulação interna no ambiente escolar, de uma moeda criada para esta finalidade, o Dumoney. A escolha do nome da moeda faz alusão ao nome da escola e o projeto iniciou com o intuito de incentivar a frequência escolar, de forma a melhorar a qualidade da aprendizagem dos alunos pertencentes à unidade educacional. A produção dos dados para este estudo se deu, além da análise da proposta pedagógica da instituição, por meio do relato de experiência. A proposta possibilitou uma aprendizagem concreta e significativa acerca dos números, dos valores monetários e do poder de consumo, além de proporcionar conhecimentos sobre a importância da economia e do uso consciente do dinheiro. A Escola pôde compartilhar a experiência exitosa com outras unidades educacionais do Município de Fortaleza, tendo em vista a contribuição do projeto para a elevação da frequência escolar e da aprendizagem matemática nos anos de sua realização.
Educação Financeira no Ensino Fundamental: uma revisão bibliográfica e proposta de ensino
Authors: Andrade Flávio Gonçalves de , Carneiro Raylson Dos Santos , Carneiro Rogerio Dos Santos , Silva Kattia Ferreira da
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a importância da Educação Financeira no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática no Ensino Fundamental, ressaltando o papel do professor nesse processo e pontuando algumas estratégias que podem ser utilizadas, visando à inserção da Educação Financeira na escola. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo. A base teórica deste estudo tem, como referências, estudos que percebem a Educação Financeira na escola como um mecanismo de promoção de uma educação emancipadora, em que é facultada ao estudante a possibilidade de adquirir, na sala de aula, conhecimentos que podem ser aplicados na sua vida prática. Os principais resultados apontam que o desenvolvimento de atividades norteadas pelos conceitos da Educação Financeira nas aulas de matemática no Ensino Fundamental é de suma importância, pois garante ao discente um ensino e aprendizagem de forma contextualizada e significativa
Quem é você no Jogo Financeiro?: O Jogo como Estratégia de Conscientização sobre Relações de Consumo e Economia
Authors: Santos Junior Osmar Vieira dos , Rodrigues Chang Kuo , Victer Eline Das Flores
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de um jogo de Educação Financeira, no processo de consciência financeira. O jogo “Quem é você no Jogo Financeiro?” – jogos e cartilha – faz parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida para o mestrado profissional do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino das Ciências da Universidade do Grande Rio - Unigranrio, tendo como tema central a Educação Financeira, a partir da pesquisa “Trajetória Financeira do Brasileiro”, realizada em 2017 pela Associação Brasileira das Entidades dos Mercados Financeiro e de Capitais - Anbima (2018), a qual descreve os perfis financeiros do brasileiro e serve como instrumento de aprendizagem na confecção do produto educacional. Para tanto, optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir da análise da aplicação do produto educacional com dez estudantes e um professor de matemática do Ensino Médio da Educação Básica. Os resultados apontam que o jogo, nas modalidades física e virtual, se compõe como um forte aliado para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de Educação Financeira nos ambientes escolar e familiar, tendo a ludicidade como um caminho para a compreensão de conceitos diversos, reflexão e conscientização a respeito do consumo, dinheiro e vida financeira.
Assessing hillslope sediment generation potential by tree throw: a preliminary field study along a small river valley in the Jura Mountains, northwest Switzerland
Authors: Greenwood Philip , Bauer Jan , Kuhn Nikolaus J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A preliminary field-based investigation was undertaken in a small (< 10 km2) river valley located in the mountainous Jura region of
northwest Switzerland. The aims of the work were to assess sediment
generation and annual sediment transport rates by tree throw on forested
hillslopes and to document surface hydrology characteristics on four fresh
tree throw mounds associated with recent tree throws over a 24 d
monitoring period. For the tree throw mounds, average sediment recovery
ranged from 7.7–28.2 g (dry weight), equivalent to a suspended sediment
concentration of 145.2–327.8 g L−1, and runoff coefficients ranged from
1.0 %–4.2 %. Based on a soil bulk density value of 1044 kg m−3,
upslope runoff generation areas were denuded by an average of 0.14 mm within
the 24 d monitoring period, representing an erosion rate equivalent to 2.1 mm a−1. This means that a ca. 50 cm high tree throw mound could
theoretically persist for around 200–250 years. For tree throw work, the
dimensions of 215 fallen trees were measured and their locations mapped in
12 separate locations where tree throw was prominent along the river valley,
representing a cumulative area equivalent to 5.3 ha (average density equivalent
to 43 trees ha−1). The 215 tree throws generated a total of 20.1 m3
of fine sediment (< 2 mm dia.), or the equivalent of 3.8×10-4 m3 m−2. The process of tree throw was originally attributed to two
extreme weather events that occurred across west and central Europe in late
December 1999. Taking the 18-year period since both storms, this represents
an annual sediment transport rate of 2.7×10-5 m3 m−1 a−1. Exploring the relationship with wind on fall direction, however,
65.5 % of mapped tree throws (n= 143) generally fell in a downslope
direction irrespective of hillslope aspect on which they were located. Given
the similar fall orientation for most trees, this infers that severe storms
may not have been responsible for the majority of tree throws, but instead,
their upheave might be related to root failure. Given the relative maturity
(average age 41 years) of fallen trees in this river valley, our data suggest
that once trees attain a certain age, their physiognomy (i.e. height, mass,
and centre of gravity) compromises their ability to remain securely
anchored. We tentatively attribute this possibility to the presence of
bedrock close to the surface, and to the shallow soil profile overlaying the
steep rocky slopes. More in-depth studies are required to firstly confirm
our findings, and secondly, tree throw studies should be undertaken in other
Jura mountain river valleys to assess whether these results are
representative.
The Social Implications of Metaphor in Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite
Authors: Farahbakhsh Alireza , Ebrahimi Ramtin
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the present article is to study the social implications of repetitive metaphors in the film and of the word Parasite (2019) and to observe what makes the life of a lower-class family parasitic within a typical capitalistic society. In the mainstream discussion, the metaphorical functions of such words as ‘smell,’ ‘insects,’ ‘the rock,’ and ‘the party’ are assessed within the context of the film. The central questions of the article, therefore, are: What are the recurrent and metaphorical motifs in the plotline and how can their implications be related to the overall theme of the film? How does Parasite exhibit the clash of classes in a capitalist society? To answer the questions, the present study offers a comprehensive analysis of its recurring metaphors as well as its treatment of the characters who visibly belong to two completely different classes. Through a complex story of two families whose fate gets intermingled, Bong Joon-ho masterfully presents a metaphoric picture of a society where inequality is rampant and the poor can only experience temporary happiness in the shadow of the rich (represented by the Park family).
Disgraced of the West, Deserted of the East: Men in the Films Shame and Issız Adam (Alone)
Authors: Gökçem Akyıldız Selen
Published: July 2021

Apart from being shot in almost the same decades, Shame (Steve McQueen, 2011) and Issız Adam (Çağan Irmak, 2008) have other analogies that require to study on. Even though both men live in different cultures and have different relationship models, they struggle in life concurrently. While Steve McQueen’s Shame focuses on uncompromising sex addiction that overthrows a man’s life, Çağan Irmak’s Issız Adam takes it on a romantic level and presents a lonely man who cannot attach women. Though it seems an ordinary attachment problem on the surface, both men have deep social, sexual, familial problems that force them to be left alone. In consideration of adult romantic attachment theory of Hazan and Shaver (1987), both male characters will be examined under the topics of adult loneliness and love, romantic incest and sex addiction to analyze the reasons and the results of the bond that both male characters cannot have built.
Review of Towards A Political Aesthetics of Cinema: The Outside of Film
Authors: Poloni Marco
Published: July 2021

Lie, S. (2020). Towards a Political Aesthetics of Cinema: The Outside of Film. Amsterdam University Press.
Building Youth Infrastructure: Early Lessons From the Youth Systems Collaborative
Authors: Ignatowski Clare , Blum Rachel , Campbell Pia Saunders , Perez-Pineda Ricardo
Published: July 2021

In recent years the international youth development field has increasingly acknowledged that purposeful action at the systems level is critical for achieving positive outcomes for youth, sustainably, equitably, and at scale. In 2018 a group of international organizations formed the Youth Systems Collaborative, a community of practice whose aim is to promote international learning on youth systems change efforts. Building from the collective learning of this group, this paper offers a framework for understanding how widespread and sustained positive youth development outcomes can be achieved in low- and middle-income countries. Five enablers that advance systems change are presented: stakeholder collaboration; vision and goals; systems mapping; data, evaluation, and learning; and capacity development, as well as 4 domains within which system change occurs: policies, services and practices, norms and mindsets, and resource flows. Each of these 9 dimensions is illustrated with lessons learned from both U.S. and international youth systems change efforts. The paper concludes with a call to action for diverse system actors to apply these lessons as they support youth to reach their full potential.
Designing a Character Strengths Development Program for Youth Living in Violent Contexts
Authors: Vásquez Betsabé , Díaz Lelys Dinarte
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the design and piloting of a Character Strengths Development (CSD) curriculum for Glasswing International’s after-school program. The CSD curriculum was designed to be implemented in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, countries that make up the Central American Northern Triangle (NTCA) and have extremely high rates of violence and criminality. Development of the CSD curriculum included 3 stages: a consultativeprocess with youth, review of relevant literature and design of the curriculum, and piloting of the methodology. Students’ perspectives were engaged throughout the development process to ensure the curriculum was relevant to the lives of youth living in violent communities. The curriculum is the first to be built on the Virtues in Action framework in NTCA countries. Lessons learned are shared for CSD program design and implementation in other contexts with high levels of violence.