bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Characteristic of Biantun Toponymical Landscape: Evolution of Biantun Culture in Yunnan,China
Authors: Zhao Fei , Cai Jingzhi , Zhang Chen , Luan Guize , Fu Yao , Xie Zhiqiang
Published: April 2021

The unique geographical environment of Yunnan Province in China and large-scale waves of Han migration during the Ming Dynasty contributed to the emergence and development of the Biantun culture. The toponym is the carrier of the Biantun culture: it records the integration process between the Central Plains and native Yunnan cultures. Based on the GIS spatiotemporal analysis of toponyms in Yunnan, this study reproduced the settlement characteristics of Biantun toponyms (BTT) and the spatial development of the Biantun culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, we’ve developed toponymical landscape index to represent the degree of spatial integration between the BTT and ethnic minority toponyms in Yunnan and explore the spatial characteristics of the integration of Han immigrants and local ethnic minorities. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BTT is consistent with the site selection of the central plains immigrants station troops to open up wasteland in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the centroids of BTT spread to outskirts and intermontane area from central towns. In Dali, Kunming, Qujing regions, etc present the distribution characteristics of the mixed of BTT and ethnic minority toponyms, and a higher degree of Sinicization in the central urban areas. This study used GIS applications for historical and cultural research and established the connection among Biantun culture and spatiotemporal data. Exploring evolution of Biantun cultural development through the spatial characteristics of toponymical landscape can help adjust policies for he development and protection of the Biantun cultural resources.
A Pregnant Woman Who Experienced Auditory Hallucinations Concurrent With Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Report
Authors: Okayasu Hiroaki , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Shimoda Kazutaka
Published: April 2021

Background: We report the case of a pregnant woman who experienced auditory hallucinations only while suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first report of a case of obvious auditory hallucinations in a pregnant woman who had not been diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder. Case presentation: The patient was a 24-year-old pregnant woman who had not had a psychiatric disorder before. Two years prior to this admission, she became pregnant for the first time, and she was admitted to an obstetrics clinic due to severe hyperemesis gravidarum. Mild auditory hallucinations developed at the same time. After she gave birth, the auditory hallucinations disappeared. When she was 24 years old, she became pregnant again. She suffered from severe hyperemesis gravidarum from the early stage of pregnancy. At 20 weeks of pregnancy, she came to the Department of Psychiatry of our hospital for a detailed psychiatric evaluation and treatment because her moderate auditory hallucinations had relapsed. We administered an antipsychotic agent, perospirone, to treat her auditory hallucinations. The auditory hallucination disappeared, although the hyperemesis gravidarum persisted until childbirth. After childbirth, we discontinued treatment with perospirone, but her auditory hallucinations did not relapse. Conclusion: The auditory hallucinations may have occurred as a result of some complicated biological factors and psychosocial factors. Physicians should carefully consider some psychotic symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations, not only in the postpartum period but also throughout the course of pregnancy.
Characteristics in the Spatiotemporal Variation and Periodic Evolution of Groundwater in the Xining Area of China, Eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Zhan Runze , Lu Yudong , Zhou Bao , Wu Jing
Published: April 2021

Groundwater, an important source of water, has profound effects on global human survival and production. The spatiotemporal characteristics of groundwater and the periodic variation law of different time scales must be analyzed to grasp the dynamic situation of groundwater and provide scientific guidance for the rational utilization and management of groundwater resources. In this study, the temporal and spatial variability and periodicity of groundwater level were studied in the Xining region of the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau China using traditional statistical method, geographic information system and Morlet wavelet analysis. Results show that the groundwater dynamics in the study area are mainly controlled by three factors, namely, the amount of river water infiltration, discharge from the groundwater, and artificial exploitation. The aforementioned factors can be divided into three dynamic types according to their combination relationship: hydrological, hydrological exploitation, and runoff-discharge types. The groundwater depth showed a trend of first increasing, then stabilizing, and finally decreasing from 1980 to 2020. The analysis in spatial variability demonstrated that the groundwater depth in different periods has a great spatial difference, with a moderate spatial variation intensity. Moreover, the spatial correlation of groundwater in the abundant season is lower than that in the dry season, which is mainly caused by the strengthening of artificial exploitation. The groundwater depth in the Xining region presents a pattern of deep in the south and east and shallow in the north and west by Kriging interpolation of spherical model in geographic information system. Meanwhile, the inter-annual groundwater has continued to decline since the chronic overexploitation between the 1960s and 2000s, with a maximum cumulative depth of 15 m. Then, the amount extraction had been further reduced, and rainfall had significantly increased in recent years. Accordingly, the cone of depression has undergone an evolutionary process from an expansion period to a stable period to a shrinking period. Furthermore, the annual groundwater level of most monitoring wells in study area has the same multi-year scale time variation characteristics with an evident regular periodic variation on the 9-14a and 17-25a time scales by using Morlet wavelet transform analysis. The temporal sequence of groundwater from 1980 to 2020 has the first and second main periods of 12a and 21a. In accordance with the two time-scales, the groundwater level will continue to rise in the short term in the future, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for the long-term sustainable development of groundwater resources and government decision-making.
Green Manure Effect on The Ability of Native and Inoculated Soil Bacteria to Mobilize Zinc for Wheat Uptake (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Costerousse Benjamin , Quattrini Joel , Grüter Roman , Frossard Emmanuel , Thonar Cécile
Published: April 2021

PurposeGreen manuring can increase the plant available fraction of zinc (Zn) in soil, making it a potential approach to increase wheat Zn concentrations and fight human Zn deficiency. We tested whether green manure increases the ability of both the native soil bacteria and inoculated Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) to mobilize Zn.MethodsWheat was grown in a pot experiment with the following three factors (with or without); (i) clover addition; (ii) soil x-ray irradiation (i.e. elimination of the whole soil biota followed by re-inoculation with the native soil bacteria); and (iii) ZSB inoculation. The incorporation of clover in both the irradiated and the ZSB treatments allowed us to test green manure effects on the mobilization of Zn by indigenous soil bacteria as well as by inoculated strains.ResultsInoculation with ZSB did neither increase soil Zn availability nor wheat Zn uptake. The highest soil Zn availabilities were found when clover was incorporated, particularly in the irradiated soils (containing only soil bacteria). This was partly associated with the stimulation of bacterial activity during the decomposition of the incorporated green manure.ConclusionThe results support that the activity of soil bacteria is intimately involved in the mobilization of Zn following the incorporation of green manure.
Assessment of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study from Kakiri military and SOS hospitals, Uganda
Authors: Basaza Robert K , Otieno Emmanuel D , Haddock Christopher K
Published: April 2021

Background: The Ugandan military medical services work together with the civilian public health system to deliver quality healthcare. This Partnership is the mainstay of health service delivery in Uganda. The burden of needle stick injuries (NSIs) is increasing in Uganda’s larger health industry; however, data on needle stick injury in military and public health facilities is lacking. No published data exist on comparative studies for a mix of facilities both military and civilian health settings. This study represents the first time this issue has been studied in a military or public health hospital in Uganda.Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2018 to September 2019 in Kakiri Military and SOS Hospitals in Uganda using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were purposively selected based on the objectives of study, occupation status and department (N = 310). Results: The overall prevalence of NSIs among respondents was 27.2% and prevalence rates for the two facilities was nearly identical. The largest percentage of NSIs occurred during drawing venous blood samples (49.4%). Significant predictors of NSI were gender, occupational status, age, poor knowledge on prevention and post exposure of NSI, and less professional experience. Infection control practices were lacking in both selected health facilities. Conclusion: Over a quarter of HCWs in Uganda reported NSIs, which places them at significant health risk. Fostering the practice of universal precautions, best infection control practices and training of healthcare workers on bio-safety measures can reduce the prevalence of NSIs.Trial Registration: Not Applicable
Warm autoadsorption using ZZAP
Authors: Tsimba-Chitsva F.M. , Caballero A. , Svatora B.
Published: April 2021

The masking of clinically significant alloantibodies by warm autoantibodies presents challenges in pretransfusion testing. The adoption of transfusion practices such as the issuing of “least incompatible” red blood cells (RBCs) without a complete antibody workup is potentially unsafe for patients. Several autoadsorption methods can be used to remove autoantibody reactivity. ZZAP treatment of autologous RBCs is an efficient way to prepare the cells for autoadsorption. Autoadsorbed serum or plasma can then be used to remove autoantibody reactivity and identify clinically significant alloantibodies.
Immunohematology

2018;34: 1–3.
Rouleaux and saline replacement
Authors: Waider K.L.
Published: April 2021

Rouleaux is a phenomenon that commonly occurs in patients who have an increased number of circulating protein macromolecules. It is a benign, in vitro reaction that appears microscopically as red blood cells (RBCs) line up against each other; many liken the RBC aggregation to “stacked coins.” This unexpected reactivity may cause confusion in direct agglutination testing such as reverse blood typing and crossmatching. Saline replacement is the established method to resolve rouleaux. True agglutination will remain when plasma is replaced with saline for resuspension of the RBC button. Rouleaux will no longer be seen when the plasma proteins are removed.
Immunohematology

2018;34:91–92.
Detecting polyagglutinable red blood cells
Authors: Melland C. , Hintz C.
Published: April 2021

Polyagglutination is a condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) are agglutinated by normal adult human sera but not by autologous or newborn sera. Polyagglutination is caused by changes in the RBC membrane that enable patient RBCs to agglutinate with normal human sera; this agglutination can interfere with blood bank testing. Depending on the cause, polyagglutination may or may not be the cause of RBC hemolysis. Lectins and human sera can be used to detect polyagglutinable RBCs. Identification of this phenomenon can be helpful in providing not only transfusion recommendation information for physicians but also information associated with pathogens (i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae) and severity of illness. Testing with ABO group–compatible adult human sera can determine if a patient’s RBCs are polyagglutinable. Further testing with a variey of lectins may identify the kind of polyagglutination.
Immunohematology

2018;34:113–117.
Use of the prewarm method for detecting clinically significant alloantibodies in the presence of cold autoantibodies
Authors: Dupuis S.
Published: April 2021

The prewarm (PW) method is useful for detecting and identifying clinically significant antibodies that bind to red blood cells and complement at 37°C and for avoiding antibodies that bind at temperatures less than 37°C. Antibodies that bind at temperatures less than 37°C are often cold autoantibodies that may be present in the serum of healthy individuals and are usually not clinically significant. The PW method is useful when these cold autoantibodies have a wide thermal range and interfere with standard testing methods by reacting at the 37°C and antihuman globulin test phases. When using the PW method, it is important to identify underlying, potentially clinically significant alloantibodies during pretransfusion testing to ensure the most appropriate component will be selected for transfusion.
Immunohematology

2018;34:148–150.
Cold autoadsorption
Authors: Ekema E.M.
Published: April 2021

Cold-reactive autoantibodies can mask the presence of underlying clinically significant alloantibodies in a patient’s plasma or serum. These autoantibodies are problematic when performing laboratory procedures such as ABO typing, red blood cell (RBC) crossmatching, antibody detection testing, and antibody identification. To avert the masking of clinically significant alloantibodies in a patient’s plasma or serum, adsorption studies can be performed at 4°C using autologous RBCs if the patient has not been recently transfused.
Immunohematology

2018;34:158–160.
KORELASI KEPUASAN MENGHUNI DAN KARAKTERISTIK TEMPAT TINGGAL: STUDI META ANALISIS
Authors: Rahmawati Intan
Published: April 2021

Title: Correlation of Residential Satisfaction and Housing Characteristics: A Meta-Analysis

Development of life today shows remarkable changes in social circumstances including the one of which is design manufacture building or residence. The designers often try to give shape according to changes in the environment, but does not fit with the constraints faced. From this it can be seen how the shelter was made which would also be an impact on the behavior of its inhabitants, based on the map of the research results that inhabit satisfaction is influenced by characteristics of the dwelling, such as lighting, size, number and state of the room. From a variety of research on this, it seems less consistency in the results, so we need another way of studying the meta-analysis. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of research that has been done by researchers in the field of architecture and environmental psychology, that housing characteristics are consistently associated with satisfaction of inhabitants. The meta-analysis resulted in the housing characteristics contribute to inhabitants satisfaction.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TANAH MEDITERAN SEBAGAI BAHAN SUBSTITUSI SEMEN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN TARIK BETON
Authors: Nilawardani Sri Devi
Published: April 2021

Title: The Effect of Using Mediteran Soil as Cement Substitution Materials in Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength of Concrete
Concrete is a composite material (mixture) of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. The potential of limestone in Indonesia is very large, reaching 28.678 billion tons which is the main ingredient in the cement manufacture. In the long run it will be depleted because it is a non-renewable natural resources. So to reduce the use of limestone the utilization of Mediteran soil as a substitution for some cement in the manufacture of concrete is required. The initial idea is based on the chemical composition contained in the Mediteran soil almost identical to the cement, which is carbonate (CaO) and silica (SiO2). The purpose of this research is to reveal the influence of substitution of Mediteran soil by 20% and 40% in the compressive strength and tensile of the concrete at age 3, 7, 14, and 28 days with the number of test specimen each 3 pieces on each variation in 10cm x20cm cylinder with planning of concrete mixture refers to SK SNI method T-15-1900-03. The type of research used is quantitative with the experimental method of laboratory test and data analysis of comparative method and regression. The results show that compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete using Mediteran soil substitution comparable to  the strength of normal concrete with dry treatment. In the composition of 20% Mediteran soils decreased by 51.35% or 7.9 MPa (compressive strength) and 30.60% or 0.93 MPa (tensile strength). While the composition of 40% Mediteran soil decreased by 43.78% or 9.13 MPa (compressive strength) and 2.24% or 1.31 MPa (tensile strength).
HEMI-SYNTHESIS AND UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONES DERIVED FROM CITRAL AND CITRONELLAL ESSENTIAL OILS OF TWO AROMATIC PLANTS ACCLIMATIZED IN CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE
Authors:   Plant and Life Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, MarienNgouabi University, Brazzaville, BP 69, Congo., Likibi Belline Ndzeli , Milandou Laurent Loubaki ,   Multidisciplinary Research Team in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Technology, University MarienNgouabi, Brazzaville, BP 69, Congo., Samuel Nsikabaka ,   Plant and Life Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, MarienNgouabi University, Brazzaville, BP 69, Congo., Jean-Maurille Ouamba ,   Plant and Life Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, MarienNgouabi University, Brazzaville, BP 69, Congo.
Published: April 2021

The orange-yellow and colorless essential oils with respective yields of 1.54% and 3.59% were extracted from the dry leaves of Cymbopogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. collected south of Brazzaville. Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) allowed the identification of fifteen (15) and eight (8) constituents representing (96.25%) and (98.46%) of total essential oils respectively. Cymbopogoncitratus oil consists mainly of geranial (51.99%) and neral (32.94%), two geometric isomers constituting citral which occupies a rate of 84.93%. While citronellal with a high level of (80.72%) and citronellol (10.48%) are the major compounds of the essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora. Geranial (citral a) and citronellal 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones were hemi-synthesized by a simple, easy method, respectively from essential oils of Cymbopogoncitratus and Eucalyptus citriodora with respective conversion rate (yields) of 20%. and 37%, in a short time (three to five minutes). Analysis of geranial and citronellal 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by UV-visible spectrophotometry showed maximum absorption wavelengths of 390 nm and 370 nm respectively. The UV-visible spectrophotometric method employed for the determination of these hydrazones is convenient, fast and simple. The hemi-synthesized hydrazones could be useful in the pharmaceutical industry, in perfumery, cosmetic and in biomedicine.
Mammary gland condition in premenopausal women with endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Dobrokhotova Y. E. , Narimanova M. R. , Saprykina L. V. , Ilina I. Yu. , Mazo M. L.
Published: April 2021

Introduction.Amidst a steady increase in hyperplastic processes in uterus and mammary glands, numerous studies have shown that women with dyshormonal pathology of mammary glands had a range of gynecological diseases: external or internal endometriosis, hyperplastic processes of the endometrium and myometrium, polyps, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), etc.

Objective.To assess the mammary gland condition in premenopausal women with endometrial hyperplasia during indole-3-car-binol (I3C) therapy.

Materials and methods.A total of 42 premenopausal patients aged 45-52 years (48.54 ± 1.83) were enrolled in an open-label prospective study. All patients received I3C 400 mg a day for 12 months. The examination included clinical laboratory, ultrasound imaging and mammographic examination of the mammary glands, cytologic examination of a nipple discharge. The examinations were carried out at the baseline, 6 and 12 months after starting treatment. The study findings were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05.

Results and discussion. All patients were diagnosed as having mastalgia before starting treatment. Mammary gland ultrasound imaging showed that the frequency of BI-RADS 2 was 9.5 times higher than that of BI-RADS 1 (90.5% and 9.5%, respectively, p <0.05). Mammography revealed that the frequency of BI-RADS 2 was 9.26 times higher than that of BI-RADS 1 (88% and 9.5%, respectively, p <0.05). After 6-month therapy, 59.5% of patients reported the disappearance of pain syndrome, the number of patients with ONE1/16a-ONE1 deviations decreased by 22%, 7.1% of patients showed improvement of ultrasound picture in BI-RADS. After 12-month therapy, the number of patients with ONE1 / 16a-ONE1 deviations decreased by 92.86% compared with the figures before starting treatment, ultrasound imaging showed improvement in the BI-RADS picture in 19% of patients, mammography findings - in 28.5% of patients. I3C is an effective and safe method to treat benign breast diseases in premenopausal women.

Conclusion. Indole-3-carbinol therapy can be assessed as the treatment having an influence on the general components of pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia and benign hyperplastic processes in mammary glands. It is advisable to consider the use of indole-3-carbinol combined with antioxidant resveratrol in clinical practice.
Anemia in elderly women. Rational prevention. Evidence base
Authors: Markova E. A. , Khashukoeva A. Z. , Khlynova S. A. , Burdenko M. V. , Karanasheva A. Kh.
Published: April 2021

Iron deficiency anemia is a frequent companion in postmenopausal women and those who have reached adulthood. Anemia in mild form in elderly women often occurs almost asymptomatically. Over time, iron deficiency progresses: severe complications occur, the quality of life decreases significantly, and the prognosis for life becomes unfavorable. A cross-section of the literature data in recent years shows that iron, folate, vitamin B12 deficiency, gastrointestinal diseases, pathologies in the processes of erythropoiesis and other somatic diseases come to the fore in terms of the etiological factors of anemia in elderly women. An important role in the development of anemia in older women is played by an irrational diet throughout life, which causes a lack of iron and folate in food. That is why therapy with a complex drug, which includes iron (II) fumarate in combination with folic acid is a rational choice in comparison with iron monotherapy for the prevention and treatment of anemia in elderly women. The administration of oral iron preparations for the correction of iron deficiency and for the purpose of selecting an effective pathogenetic therapy for anemia solves the problem of complications and improves the quality of life of older women. Iron (II) fumarate + folic acid - a tablet form of iron preparation in combination with folic acid for oral use, which has good tolerability, quickly replenishes iron reserves in the body of elderly patients, reducing mortality in this age group.
Alternatives to hormone therapy for management of climacteric syndrome
Authors: Dikke G. B.
Published: April 2021

The “gold” standard of treatment for women with menopausal syndrome (MS) is hormonal therapy, which, however, may not be acceptable in all cases, which determines the need to choose other methods.

Effective alternatives to the treatment of MS are tissue-selective modulators of estrogen receptors and phytoestrogens, which contribute to the reduction of both early (vegetative-vascular and psycho-emotional) and mid-term and late disorders (osteoporosis), in contrast to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin / norepinephrine, which affect only the vegetative-vascular and psychoemotional symptoms and bisforphonates, which prevent the loss of bone mineral density. Isoflavones of red clover at a dose of 40 mg when taken for 3 months lead to a reduction in hot flashes in 47-85% of patients, insomnia in 53%, anxiety and depression in 76-81%, and also has a positive effect on endocrine-metabolic disorders and bone mineral density with prolonged use. Their use has been shown to be safe for 3 years. Controlling stress through cognitive behavioral therapy (positive effects on psychological symptoms, stress and depression) and clinical hypnosis (reducing symptoms by 50%) may be helpful in relieving MS symptoms. Supplements with vitamins C, D, K and calcium can be recommended to maintain healthy bones, antioxidants (vitamins C and E) - to enhance the effects of pharmacotherapy. There is no evidence of benefits for vasomotor symptoms of yoga, breathing exercises, relaxation, herbal and homeopathic remedies, nutritional supplements.

The information accumulated to date on the efficacy and safety of phytoestrogens (red clover extract) makes it possible to recommend them as an alternative to MHT for the treatment of disorders associated with involutive changes in the female reproductive system during the peri- and postmenopausal period.
PRESSUPOSTOS POLÍTICOS E TEÓRICOS DO CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO “MELHOR GESTÃO, MELHOR ENSINO” DA SEE/SP (2013-2017)
Authors: Pinto Luis Fernando Ferreira , Dos Reis Silva Regis Henrique
Published: April 2021

RESUMOEste artigo objetiva identificar e discutir os pressupostos políticos e teóricos do curso de formação de diretores “Melhor Gestão, Melhor Ensino” da SEE/SP oferecido entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. Metodologicamente, os pressupostos da Pedagogia Histórico- Crítica guiaram uma abordagem histórica do projeto de formação do diretor a partir da análise de decretos e leis em vigor entre 1996 e 2016. Os resultados consideram o contexto histórico, político e teórico em que o curso foi proposto e permitem perceber a influência da mundialização da cultura do capital e da “Pedagogia do Aprender a Aprender”.
On the Organization of the All-Russian Inspection of the Governorates
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tot Yurii V.
Published: April 2021

The inspection of local government in 1800, the largest ever conducted in Russia, is very modestly presented in historiography. On the one hand, this is due to the predominance of a negative tradition in the study of the epoch of Paul I despite the “new direction” laid down by M. V. Klochkov, on the other hand — due to the source base for studying the issue formed in the work of A. E. Nolde. It was A. E. Nolde, followed by V. N. Bochkarev, who had a decisive influence on the development of the historiography of the issue. In addition to the term “audit”, the established historiographical parameters include: limited funding, small number of participants in the inspection; uncertainty regarding the rights of senators; formal pattern of reports; the predominance of positive feedback in them in order to avoid the consequences of “hot-tempered nature of the monarch”; perfunctory, and therefore “inconclusive”, pattern of the inspection not providing the materials “for any general reform or reorganization of any parts of management”. We object to such interpretations of predecessors and to the definition of inspection as “audit”, to the issue with the initiator of the inspection, the reasons for its conducting, the time, the content of instruction. All of the above mentioned problems require further studying, and first and foremost — the text of the instructions, which is a key to their understanding. Reconsideration the biased assessments of the first and last all-Russian inspection of 1800 by extracting new information from traditional sources and introducing previously unknown archival materials into scientific circulation is an objective historiographical necessity.
Experience and Prospects of Cooperation between Beijing Institute of Technology and Russia in Higher Education
Authors:   Beijing Institute of Technology, Song Lei
Published: April 2021

The history of the Beijing Institute of Technology (University) began in 1940 in the city of Yan’an. In 2019, two 70th anniversaries were celebrated — the establishment of the Russian- Chinese diplomatic relations and the beginning of cooperation between the Beijing Institute of Technology and Russian universities (1949–2019). 2020 became the year of the eightieth anniversary of the founding of the institute (1940–2020). In connection with this special and significant date, the generalization and outline of the history of development and experience of the Institute seems to be especially important. The history of the Russian-Chinese cooperation in higher education has been illuminated by the bright stars: the best people of the modern period and the heroes of the revolution graduated from the University of Workers of the East named after I. V. Stalin and the Sun Yat-sen University of Chinese Workers in Moscow. During the glorious but difficult early years of the People’s Republic of China, the Soviet government sent many of its educational specialists to China. Today, with the development of Russian-Chinese relations, this bilateral cooperation will only become more successful and closer. This article provides an overview of the three most important stages of cooperation between the Beijing Institute of Technology and Russian universities, on the basis of which the significant experience of the institute in this field is summarized, as well as the direction and possibility for their future cooperation in the light of “The Belt and Road” initiative, a comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction between Russia and China in the new era and the “double top level” program.
Croatian Interwar Cultural Memory and Disabled War Veterans
Authors:   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Cvikić Sandra , Dobrovšak Ljiljana ,   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar
Published: April 2021

In the contemporary international scholarly community cultural memory related to the First World War as a research field and subject area is extensively problematized and studied by social sciences and humanities. Based on the available surveyed scholarly production, it is evident that Croatian cultural memory of the First World War is an under-researched subject. This paper therefore presents preliminary findings of conducted qualitative sociological research into the development of the post-First World War cultural memory in Croatia in the interwar period. The research provides an insight into how Croatian disabled war veterans (de)constructed post-war cultural memory inside a newly formed multiethnic state of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), and to which extent it was connected to national and ethnic. The discourse and discursive practices developed by Croatian disabled war veterans are analyzed in selected newspapers (Nezavisnost, Hrvatski invalid, Ratni invalid, Vojni invalid) published in the period 1920–1924. The article uses post-modernist sociological fallibilistic Foucauldian methodology of discourse analysis and Foucault’s understanding of modernist societies, which is based on the research into how the language appropriates specific discourses developed by certain groups in addition to the prevalent discursive practices. Both methodology and theory are used to explain the findings in the framework of what Wolfgang Schivelbusch calls ‘culture of defeat’. The research concludes that difficult post-war political, social and economic circumstances profoundly shaped the way in which the collective memory of the First World War was (de)constructed by post-war disabled veterans in Croatia and subsequently induced collective amnesia thus helping to create the culture of forgetting.
Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 2
Authors:   Institute of National Remembrance, Office for History Research, Regional Branch, Sikora Miroslaw
Published: April 2021

In the 1960s, Polish society was still not affected by lifestyle diseases to such a large extent as in the developed countries of Western Europe. However, the statistics on cancer and cardiovascular diseases started to rise in the 1970s, along with the dynamic economic development of Poland under communist party’s secretary Edward Gierek. Meanwhile, the government of the People’s Republic of Poland could not afford to invest simultaneously in all critical sectors of the economy. Particular priority was given to capital-intensive automotive and electronics industries as well as to traditional but important for Polish exports of raw materials (copper, coal). In the 1980s, as a result of the Cold War escalation along with the subsequent tightening of the strategic embargo by NATO states, and — finally — because of the gigantic foreign debt, the financial resources of Poland were reduced almost to zero. The lack of funds for research and development in the field of pharmacy and biotechnology was to be compensated for by an illegal transfer of know-how from the OECD area. Polish foreign intelligence services had already considerable experience in the field of purchasing technical documentation on the black market. In the 1970s, at least a dozen or so antibiotic manufacturing technologies were clandestinely obtained in the West and passed on to the Polish R&D and industry. The article examines the involvement of Polish intelligence in the transfer of medicines, active substances and other pharmaceutical products (including medical equipment) to Poland. The “socially useful” function of communist secret services becomes a fascinating problem in this context. The article is based partly on the documents produced or collected by the Polish foreign intelligence service in 1960–1990, which have been declassified and are now accessible to the public in the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance.
Widows in a Traditional Family and the Don Cossack Community
Authors:   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ryblova Marina A. ,   Volgograd Institute of Arts and Culture
Published: April 2021

Based on the analysis of materials from the Don periodicals of the second half of the 19th century as well as data from field ethnographic studies of the late 20th — early 21th century collected in places of compact residence of the Don Cossacks, the article reveals the status and functions of widows in the Don Cossack community and family. The cardinal changes in the situation of widowed women in the family and community, in the economic and ceremonial spheres of life are shown, and the mechanisms for their adaptation to the new status are revealed. Features of the militarized way of life in the Don Cossack communities had an impact on the position of widows in the family and community. They determined their high status associated with the main social function — the guardians of the military glory of husbands. The special property rights of widows and their active participation in the life of the community, including Cossack self-government, were associated with this. The community secured widows’ rights to land allotment of the deceased husband and his property, defended the rights of the widow and her children, focusing not only on legislation, but also on customary law. In the Cossack milieu, there were also forms of psychological rehabilitation of widows: their inclusion in the ritual life of the family and community, support through the communities of odnosumy (fellow soldiers) and odnosumok (“female fellow soldiers”). These mechanisms enabled women who found themselves in difficult life situations to find a new place in society, opened opportunities for psychological rehabilitation, spiritual realization and continuation of an active social life.
LITERARY FELINOPHILIA AND ANIMALISTIC PERSPECTIVES OF MODERNITY (T. GAUTIER, J. JOYCE, T. S. ELIOT)
Authors: MARSHANIYA Kristina M. , USHAKOVA Olga M.
Published: April 2021

Each literary era is characterized by certain models of literary animalism with their own semantic accents and symbolism, types of communication “man — animal”, genre preferences. The article examines the features of literary felinistics of the Art Nouveau era, identifies the cultural and social causes of artistic felinophilia. As a material for the study there were three texts written in the period from 1869 to 1939, considered both in the wide cultural context of the modern era, and within the boundaries of their time (modern): “Ménagerie intime”, 1869 by Gaultier T., “The Cats of Copenhagen’’ (1936) by Joyce J. and “Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats” (1939) by Eliot T. S. In the course of our research, we relied on both historical and literary works devoted to the analysis of specific animalistic images, works of a culturological nature, and also turned to the experience of structuralist studies and the ideas of new posthumanistic knowledge (Human-Animal Studies). The animalistic texts of Gauthier — Joyce — Eliot unite not only the acting cat characters, but also certain artistic perspectives, similar types of human-animal relationships, social and cultural contexts in which their heroes are represented. The feline characters of Gauthier-Joyce-Eliot have much in common: they are anthropomorphic inhabitants of the urban space of the industrial era, leading an appropriate lifestyle and possessing qualities inherent in the middle class. Gautier, Joyce, Eliot’s cats have a bright personality, extraordinary abilities, a lively mind, a rich emotional world, they live according to the laws of human society. They are attractive, intelligent, vital, civilized individuals with unique, eccentric characters (humors).
Recent Advancements in Pharmaceutical Cocrystals, Preparation Methods, and their Applications
Authors: Manchanda Deeksha , Kumar Arun , Nanda Arun
Published: April 2021

The issue of poor aqueous solubility is a major hurdle in pharmaceutical dosage form design. A large
number of active molecules in the research and development pipeline possess poor aqueous solubility and,
hence, are not suitable for further development. Therefore, the pharmaceutical industry is continuously in
search of techniques to tackle the issue of poor solubility. Cocrystallization has gained popularity as one such
technique for the modulation of physicochemical properties of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
Pharmaceutical cocrystals consist of an API non-covalently linked to a crystal former or coformer that plays an
important role in imparting the desired properties to the cocrystal. Cocrystallization of an API with a suitable
coformer not only enhances solubility but also helps in improving physicochemical properties such as stability,
bioavailability, mechanical properties, etc., without changing the pharmacological activity of the API. The past
decade has experienced enormous growth in cocrystal research which paved the way for drug-drug, higherorder,
and nano-sized cocrystals, and further exploration of the applications of cocrystals is still going on. Recently
FDA and EMA have released regulatory guidelines for pharmaceutical cocrystals, which grant them a
status similar to that of polymorphs and salts, which in turn opens a wider prospect for pharmaceutical cocrystals
in terms of intellectual property.
Biomedical Implications of Plant-based Principles as Antidepressants: Prospects for Novel Drug Development
Authors: Khushboo  , Kumar Abhishek , Sharma Bechan
Published: April 2021

Background:

Depression is the most common mental disorder. The symptoms of depression include loss of energy, changes in appetite, more or less sleep, anxiety, low concentration, uncertainty, restlessness, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or despair, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide. In order to provide safe, efficient, and cost-effective medication, the plant-based principles in isolation or combination with traditional antidepressants are gaining increasing attention for depression therapy.

Method:

This study includes the information regarding the present review and its contents collected from published literature materials in different international journals. We have used different search engines such as PubMed, Medline, ResearchGate, Google Semantic Scholar, and Science Direct. For this purpose, the data obtained were properly organized and analyzed to include in this article.

Results:

Most of the phytomolecules isolated from the medicinal plants display antidepressant effects through the synaptic regulation of levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in different parts of the brain. The mechanism of action of phytomolecules also involves negative regulation of the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and prevention of hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, the strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of these phytochemicals offer synergy to their antidepressant as well as antipsychosomatic functions.

Conclusion:

The application of phytochemicals has proved it to be a safe, cost-effective, and efficient therapeutic agent to treat patients suffering from mild to severe states of depression and other psychiatric disorders. The potential phytochemicals may be further optimized using in silico tools to develop better antidepressants and antipsychotic agents in the future.
The Association between Occlusal Features and Temporomandibular Disorders in Northern Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Shaweesh Ashraf , Khasawneh Abeer A. , Sannoh Mohamed H.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the possible correlation between basic occlusal features and the outcomes of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I.

Materials and Methods:

A convenient sample of Northern Jordanians was used in the study. Participants were examined in accordance with DC/TMD protocol. Nine occlusal features represented the independent variables; overjet, overbite, midline deviation, pain-free opening, maximum assisted opening, maximum unassisted opening, lateral excursions and protrusion, in addition to the opening pattern (classified as straight, corrected deviation and uncorrected deviation). DC/TMD diagnostic outcomes and their associated features represented the dependent variables, namely, pain-related TMD, Intra-articular Disorders (IAD), Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), joint sounds (clicking and crepitus), joint locking and headache attributed to TMD. Binary logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results:

A total of 400 participants represented the study population (mean age = 32.3±12.4 years, males=48%, females=52%). 71 subjects (18%) were diagnosed with pain-related TMD, 52 (13%) with IAD, 6 (1.5%) with DJD and 38 (10%) with headache due to TMD. Gender had a significant correlation with pain-related TMD (p= 0.014, OR= 2.16). Maximum pain free opening had a significant inverse relationship with pain related TMD (p= 0.013, OR=0.94), while midline deviation and corrected deviation mouth opening pattern had a significant correlation with IAD (p= 0.04,0.02, OR= 1.30,2.74, respectively). Overbite, midline deviation and pain free opening were significantly associated with unilateral open/close clicking (p= 0.04,0.05,0.03, OR= 0.77, 1.31, 0.94, respectively).

Conclusion:

There is a minimal clinical significance of the correlation between dental occlusion and TMD.
Theories Informing eHealth Implementation: Systematic Review and Typology Classification
Authors: Heinsch Milena , Wyllie Jessica , Carlson Jamie , Wells Hannah , Tickner Campbell , Kay-Lambkin Frances
Published: April 2021

Background

Theory-guided approaches to implementation science have informed translation efforts and the acceptance of eHealth (digital health) interventions in clinical care. However, there is scarce evidence on which theories are best suited to addressing the inherent complexity of eHealth implementation.

Objective

The objectives of this systematic review are to identify theories that inform and explain eHealth implementation and to classify these theories using the typology by Sovacool and Hess for theories of sociotechnical change.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted in the PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Sociological Source Ultimate, Web of Science, ABI/INFORM, EBSCO, and ProQuest databases in June 2019. Studies were included if they were published between 2009 and June 2019; were written in English; reported on empirical research, regardless of study or publication type; reported on one or more theories in the context of eHealth implementation; and were published in a peer-reviewed journal. A total of 2 reviewers independently assessed the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Theories identified were classified using a typology for theories of sociotechnical change, which was considered a useful tool for ordering and analyzing the diverse theoretical approaches as a basis for future theory building.

Results

Of the 13,101 potentially relevant titles, 119 studies were included. The review identified 36 theories used to explain implementation approaches in eHealth. The most commonly used approaches were the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (n=33) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (n=32). These theories were primarily concerned with individual and interpersonal elements of eHealth acceptance. Less common were theories that reflect the various disorderly social processes and structural dimensions of implementation, such as the normalization process theory (n=17) and the structuration theory (n=6).

Conclusions

Theories currently informing the implementation of eHealth interventions predominantly focus on predicting or explaining end-user acceptance. Theoretical perspectives that capture the dense and intricate relationships and structures required to enact sustainable change are less well represented in the eHealth literature. Given the growing acknowledgment of the inherent complexity of eHealth implementation, future research should develop and test models that recognize and reflect the multidimensional, dynamic, and relational nature of this process.