bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigando o currículo da geografia escolar: permanências e mudanças na abordagem regional (1970-2010)
Authors: Orlande Teresa Cristina
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo perceber como a disciplina escolar Geografia, nas últimas décadas, vem articulando novas noções sem, contudo perder suas tradições. As perguntas que instigaram essa pesquisa foram basicamente: Como se dá esse processo de articulação? Como a disputa entre o “novo” e o tradicional se materializam na escola? Foi por meio do estudo da história do currículo que se pôde perceber como ocorreram transformações no conhecimento escolar, buscando a reflexão sobre os seus embates travados, não só com as produções acadêmicas, mas também com as demandas da própria sociedade. Uma das maneiras de se estudar a história escolar é por meio do livro didático, considerado uma rica fonte de pesquisa, já que nesse material é possível perceber como o currículo da disciplina foi se materializando. Em livros do último ano do Ensino Fundamental (décadas de 1970 e 2010) busquei compreender como as formas tradicionais de organização deste conhecimento (marcadas pela abordagem regional) foram se articulando com outros discursos e produzindo mudanças no currículo.
Entrevista com o professor João Rua
Authors: Castro Demian Garcia , Vilela Carolina Lima , Corrêa Márcio Ferreira Nery , Biazzo Pedro Paulo
Published: November 2020

Em um final de tarde na PUC-RJ, logo após mais uma de suas aulas de mestrado, o Prof. João Rua recebeu a equipe da Revista Giramundo para uma entrevista. Com experiência em diferentes segmentos de ensino no CAP-UFRJ, na UERJ e na própria PUC-RJ, entre outras instituições, João Rua igualmente diversificou muito sua produção como pesquisador, passando do Ensino de Geografia à Geografia Agrária e, depois, às questões ambientais, sem nunca deixar de lado uma visão política e reflexiva sobre os temas que abordou. Por essa versatilidade, pela personalidade extremamente comunicativa e por outras qualidades, Rua tornou-se um referencial como professor e intelectual para gerações de ex-alunos influenciados por suas práticas e ensinamentos. Registrar um pouco mais desse arcabouço teórico e prático foi um dos objetivos da entrevista, assim como o de prestar homenagem a esse professor muito querido por tantas pessoas de dentro e de fora de nosso campo de conhecimento.
Dispositivos móveis nas aulas de geografia
Authors: Campelo Leandro Fabrício
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo apresenta uma prática pedagógica aplicada no campus Araçuaí do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG) com alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, cujo objetivo foi utilizar celulares ou tablets para uma aula prática de GPS, usando o aplicativo Commander Compass Lite. O método usado foram aulas teóricas e práticas: primeiro os alunos aprenderam os comandos básicos do aplicativo e depois foram a campo praticar o uso do GPS por meio das atividades propostas. Os resultados foram positivos, os alunos aprovaram a prática pedagógica e conseguiram relacionar os conceitos geográficos aprendidos em sala com o trabalho de campo, além de usarem os celulares no ambiente escolar com objetivo didático.
O trabalho com as múltiplas linguagens no ensino de geografia: letrando geograficamente
Authors: Tocantins Andreia Cristina Teixeira , Ferreira Rosângela Veiga Júlio , Pinho Camila Silva
Published: November 2020

O presente texto discute o ensino de Geografia nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir do uso de múltiplas linguagens. O objetivo é refletir sobre o que significa educar para a compreensão do conhecimento geográfico, tendo por mote de discussão práticas pedagógicas realizadas no Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. As atividades escolhidas para subsidiar as discussões apresentadas foram produzidas por crianças do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental com base na experiência que tiveram com dois livros de literatura. O que percebemos nas narrativas e nos desenhos das crianças é que foram estabelecidas relações entre conhecimentos geográficos e experiências cotidianas vividas fora dos espaços escolares. Tal constatação corrobora com a ideia defendida na pesquisa que sustenta as análises deste texto, ou seja, as múltiplas linguagens, dentre elas a literária e a gráfica, educam para a compreensão do mundo pelo olhar da Geografia.
Resenha do filme Casa Grande
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Resenha do filme "Casa Grande". Direção: Fellipe Barbosa. Produção: Iafa Britz, Fernanda De Capua e Mauro Pizzo. Rio de Janeiro: Migdal Filmes, 2014. 105 min.
A questão ambiental, o estudo das alterações tecnogênicas e as possibilidades de inovação de conteúdo: uma experiência no estágio supervisionado
Authors: Almeida de Oliveira Sarah , Mattos Rafael Arosa de
Published: November 2020

Este relato de prática pedagógica é fruto de uma experiência de estágio supervisionado realizada no Colégio de Aplicação da UFRJ. Busca apresentar as vivências decorrentes do processo de elaboração e realização de regência em uma turma do 1º ano do ensino médio e discutir a possibilidade de inovação a partir da seleção de um conteúdo (impactos ambientais urbanos e alterações tecnogênicas) que não estava contemplado na organização curricular estabelicida.
Temos uma crise no currículo brasileiro? Sobre a BNCC, Geni e o Zepelim e cortinas de fumaça!
Authors: Rosa Isaac Gabriel Gayer Fialho da
Published: November 2020

Com o advento da Constituição de 1988 o município foi alçado a integrante do pacto federativo. A partir dessa lógica adota-se por parte do Governo Federal o expediente de política de fundos (FUNDEF e FUNDEB) que expandem de maneira marcante o acesso à escola pública brasileira. A partir disso, um alunado outrora excluído do espaço escolar passa a frequentá-lo, construindo uma sensação social de uma “escola em crise”. Com essa questão o currículo é dimensionado obrigatoriamente como anacrônico e defasado, tornando-se imperativo no discurso da maioria dos formuladores de política pública, a produção de reformas curriculares, desaguando no debate trazido pelo Ministério da Educação na BNCC. O objetivo do presente texto não é negar a priori a necessidade de discussão da matriz curricular, mas deseja-se problematizar a realidade educacional do Brasil trazendo dilemas muito mais prementes para a efetivação da educação de qualidade do que a questão curricular, tais como: precários planos de carreira, salários defasados em relação a profissões de igual formação, infraestrutura física claudicante, falta de renovação da mão-de-obra docente etc. Além disso, debate-se também as reformas neoliberais que têm marcado muitas rede públicas do nosso território como um possível caminho de reforço desse ímpeto por reformas curriculares. Conclui-se assim que os elementos do chão da escola trazem muito mais entraves ao cotidiano escolar do que a matriz curricular vigente, e que essas primeiras questões não são levadas em conta no debate da BNCC.
Práticas ambientais e ensino de geografia: para além do desenvolvimento sustentável como norma
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Dias de , Ramão Felipe de Souza
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo revelar a contaminação das práticas ambientais da geografia escolar pelos pressupostos do desenvolvimento sustentável. Não há espaço para dúvidas: a defesa aqui é pela politização da questão ambiental, que deve ser vista em sua complexidade e plenitude.
Entrevista com o professor Rafael Straforini
Authors: Castro Demian Garcia , Vilela Carolina Lima , Corrêa Márcio Ferreira Nery , Biazzo Pedro Paulo
Published: November 2020

Com vivência profissional na Educação Básica e na Superior, além de experiência de pesquisa em diferentes instituições universitárias nos estados de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro, o professor Rafael Straforini pode ser considerado uma das novas vozes importantes na área do Ensino de Geografia. Assim como na edição anterior, uma vez mais utilizamo-nos de plataforma digital e, na conexão direta Rio-Campinas, tivemos a oportunidade de abordar questões como a Geografia na Educação Infantil e nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, o currículo e a formação de professores, além de aproveitar um pouco para conversar sobre Geografia Histórica e a Revista Brasileira de Educação em Geografia. Agradecemos a Straforini pela oportunidade e deixamos o leitor com o resultado desse encontro virtual.
Timber with improved strength and deformable properties
Authors: Yasniy P. , Gomon S.
Published: November 2020

The technique of experimental researches of solid timber modified by «SILOR» by surface and deep processing is given. Complete diagrams of deformation of unixial compression of deciduous and coniferous species of solid timber modified with «SILOR» under by surface and depth modification on modern test machine STM-100 are constructed. The initial module of elasticity and the secant module of deformation for such elements are determined. The influence of «SILOR» on the main strength and deformable properties of different timber species (maximum stresses, ultimate deformations, initial modulus of elasticity, secant module of deformation) is analyzed, the dynamics of their change is shown.
Investigation of oscillatory displacement of the hydraulic presses moving parts during their braking in the upper initial position
Authors: Korchak O.
Published: November 2020

The investigations revealed that, despite the usage of individual servo drive of the inlet valve of return cylinders, ram overrun upwards after its being shut down which is accompanied by intensive oscillatory phenomena is inevitable. By analyzing the experimental diagrams it is stated that the existing mechanism of ram braking in upper starting position is unacceptable from the point of view of fast and non-impact process realization, as well as the accuracy of stoppage. The mathematical model of ram damped oscillations in the upper position after the inlet valve of return cylinders shut down, which takes into account the parameters of oscillatory system consisting of ram and fluid masses in power and return cylinders, is developed. A numerical analysis of the developed mathematical model established that when using counterbalance cylinders in press design, the period of oscillations increases with decreasing the amplitude. Besides, the complete damping of the oscillations occurs earlier than in the case of counterbalance cylinders absence.
The meaning of the lexeme widnokrąg as used by Wiesław Myśliwski in his eponymous novel.
Authors:   Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Sydiachenko N. H.
Published: November 2020

In the paper, which is a continuation of a number of studies on individual writer’s semantics in idiolects, the author has analyzed the meaning of the concept widnokrąg (the horizon), which functions as a keyword in the novel “Widnokrąg” written by Polish writer W. Myśliwski. The definitions of keywords, established in the theoretical literature, are emphasized, the most important of them is spotlighted: keywords are related to the ideological and thematic content of the work/works, conceptual ideas of the author, verbalized figuratively and literally. The word widnokrąg of Myśliwski’s idiolect in relation to the specified determinants has been analyzed. Taking into account the lexicographic sources, the common language structure of the meanings of the polynominals widnokrąg and виднокруг and their synonyms horyzont and горизонт in Polish and Ukrainian languages are compared. Taking into account the contextual analysis, it was found out that the word widnokrąg in the W. Myśliwski’s idiolect functions in common terms: ‛place of apparent collision of the sky with land or sea’ and ‛part of the earth’s surface that can be seen in the open’; and is also actualized in ancient mythological meanings as ‛the place of collision of this and that world’, ‛the place of transition to the after life’. In addition, the keyword compared acquires the individual authorial meaning of ‛fate’. It is produced in the text by metonymical extending of the figurative meaning ‛surroundings, environment of something or someone’ established in Polish, supplemented by a metaphorical transcendental connotation. The metonymic narrowing of the meanings of ‛environment’ and ‛space’ determines of the phrase the center of the horizon the semantics ‛native place’. The writer, having his own vision, perception of reality denotation, makes changes in the established category in the language “distinction and reduction or elimination” of its features, encoding them in the individual sense. Therefore, the study of individual author’s semantics of keywords also supports our better understanding of the author’s world picture. In particular, our study highlights fragments of the narrator’s world picture, which preserves the ancient ideas of mythological consciousness and ancient, but still active in Poland the rites of commemoration of ancestors.
Existence and Multiplicity of Periodic Solutions for Nonautonomous Second-Order Discrete Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Lıu Chungen , Zhong Yuyou
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we consider the periodic solutions of the following non-autonomous second order
discrete Hamiltonian system
$$\Delta^{2}u(n-1)=\nabla F(n,u(n)), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}.$$
When the nonlinear function $F(n,x)$ is like-quadratic for $x$, we obtain some existence and multiplicity results under twisting conditions by using the least action principle and a multiple critical point theorem. The methods and main ideas using in this paper are variational method and critical point theory. The twisting conditions in our results are different from that in the lituratures.
On problems of criminal and legal qualification of offenses of traffic of dangerous chemical substances on the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Prodanchuk M.G. , Bantyshev O.F. , Velychko M.V. , Kravchuk O.P. , Salahor I.M. , Maksymchuk I.M.
Published: November 2020

Aim of the Research. To make the systematic analysis of structure of the crimes of Ukraine providing responsibility for smuggling of poisonous substances (Article 201 of Criminal Code of Ukraine) and for illegal production, manufacture, acquisition, transportation, shipment, storage for the purpose of sale or sale of poisonous or potent substances, or poisonous or potent drugs (Article 321 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Provide proposals to bring the legislation of Ukraine concerning the list of toxic substances their production, storage, transportation, use, disposal, destruction and disposal in accordance with EU legislation.

Materials and Methods. The research is based on international and domestic legislation, scientific publications, materials of scientific and practical conferences, etc. The following methods are used in the work: dialectical, systematic analysis of the internal construction of the system of criminal law, formal-logical definition, modeling, analogy, logical and formal-legal.

Results and Discussion. The article examines the issue of criminal liability for socially dangerous acts related to toxic substances. A brief legal analysis was performed. Attention is focused on the need to bring the legislation of Ukraine in line with the requirements of the legislation of the European Union. It is noted that in the EU there is no term “toxic substances” in laws and regulations, and the term dangerous substance is used.

Conclusions. It is necessary to develop a draft regulatory document harmonized with EU requirements instead of the repealed Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No 440, which concerns the procedure for handling these substances.

Keywords: criminal code, poisonous substance, dangerous substance, normative document, smuggling.
Method of controlling health safe levels of dimethyl dicarbonate content (DMDK, E-242) in the air of the working area
Authors: Demich A.A. , Podrushnyak A.E. , Stroy A.M. , Zulfiharov A.O.
Published: November 2020

Existing in Ukraine sanitary legislation on the introduction of chemicals into the national economy provides for compliance with regulations. Since the control over the presence of DMDK in the air of the working area is carried out only with the help of indicator paper, there was a need to develop a gas chromatographic method for its determination in the air of the working area by modeling the conditions of industrial use of the drug.

Aim of the Research. To analyze research from available sources of information on the peculiarities of the use of dimethyldicarbonate (E 242, Velcorin), as well as regulations for its use and control.

Materials and Methods. Review and analysis of scientific publications, directives and regulations of the EU. Gas chromatography method. Materials: silochrome C-120, fraction 0,35–0,5 mm according to TU 6-09-1748; KSK brand silica gel according to GOST 3956; glass wool according to the current ND; DMDK, analytical standard, 99,9%, CAS 4525-33-1; acetonitrile, Sigma-Aldrich No 34851. Computer data processing system and metrological evaluation of the methodology.

Results and Discussion. The conducted research allowed to offer a modern method of determining the levels of DMDK in the air of the working area by concentrating it and detecting it by gas chromatography.

The developed method allows to control compliance with the levels of DMDK content in the air of the working area in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.016-79 “Air in the working area. Requirements for methods for measuring concentrations of harmful substances” at the level of ј the value of the hygienic standard.

Conclusions. The proposed method of measuring the mass concentrations of DMDK is based on the use of gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (FID). It allows to determine Velcorin in the range of mass concentrations from 0,1 to 0,5 mg/m3, the lower limit of its quantitative determination makes 0,1 mg/m3 at selection of 5 m3 of air.

The relative standard deviation when using this method is 1,41%, the confidence limits of the random error — 0,04%, the total error of the measurement result — 12,24%, not exceeding + 25% and meeting the requirements of GOST 17.2.3.01-86.

Keywords: dimethyldicarbonate, E242, Velcorin, air of the working area, gas chromatography method, indicator paper, ASLE, silochrome, flame ionization detector, sorption tubes, acetonitrile, chromatograms, metrological evaluation, concentration, detection.
Ginger as a spice with diverse therapeutic and prophylactic properties: prospects of application in modern conditions (review of publications)
Authors: Voloshyn O.I. , Vlasyk L.І. , Voloshina L.O. , Ainussi N.A.
Published: November 2020

Actuality. The rapid growth of morbidity, age-related poly- and comorbidity complicate and increase the cost of the treatment process of such patients, leading to the search for prophylactic and therapeutic agents of multisystem and diverse metabolic action.

Aim of the Research. Coverage of modern scientific advances in the studies of therapeutic and prophylactic properties of ginger as a spice and source of drugs, as well as justification for its wider use under different conditions of the human body.

Materials and Methods. Information search in printed and electronic publications, search databases; methods of analysis, comparison and generalization of data.

Results. The healing properties of ginger have been proven on the basis of historical and modern data. Thus, it posesses hypolipidemic, antisclerous, disaggregating, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vasodilating properties, and the ability to regulate secretory and motor disorders of the digestive system. Gastro-, hepato-, cardio-, neuro-, arthroprotective features of ginger products are indisputable, as well as the effectiveness of their application for the diseases of the digestive, cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary systems, musculoskeletal system and prospects for their use for endocrine diseases, in neurology, oncology , immunology.

Conclusions. Ginger as a universal spice and a source of drugs of prophylactic and therapeutic action with multisystem and diverse metabolic properties should be used more widely in patients with age related poly-and comorbidity, which can improve their rehabilitation outcomes and increase economic efficiency.

Key Words: ginger, properties, poly- and comorbidity, application, prophylaxis.
Prospecção tecnológica de internet das coisas no contexto dos hospitais inteligentes
Authors: Moura Felipe Roberto Eloi , Pitta Guilherme Benjamin Brandao , Tonholo Josealdo
Published: November 2020

Ancorado no paradigma da internet das coisas (IoT), os Hospitais Inteligentes têm surgido como uma proposta inovadora de hospitais, onde as funções de diagnósticos, tratamento, gestão e decisão estão integradas. Diante dos grandes problemas que hospitais no mundo todo tem enfrentado, a necessidade de um ambiente inteligente dentro do contexto hospitalar tem sido urgente, e os benefícios trazidos pela IoT para este setor são inúmeros. Entendendo a importância deste tema, este trabalho se propôs a realizar um estudo de prospecção tecnológica em base de patentes e artigos científicos, a fim de investigar tecnologias baseadas no paradigma da IoT com aplicação em ambientes hospitalares. Assim, foram realizadas buscas nas bases Questel-Orbit, para documentos de patentes, e Scopus, para artigos científicos. Através das análises patentárias e bibliométricas foi possível construir um mapeamento das tecnologias e pesquisas científicas sobre IoT com aplicação em hospitais, dentro do corte temporal de 2009 a 2020. Os resultados apontaram para um crescimento exponencial de depósitos de patentes e publicações de artigos sobre este tema. Tecnologias de dispositivos de transmissão de informações digitais, e tecnologias de medição para fins de diagnóstico, tiveram destaque dentro do universo apurado. Já as tecnologias da informação e comunicação adaptadas para fins específicos foram as que mais cresceram nesse período. Além disso, foi possível observar a China como uma grande produtora de tecnologias de IoT para hospitais, já a Índia obteve destaque em termos de pesquisas científicas sobre essa temática. O trabalho permitiu ter uma visão das principais tendências da IoT para hospitais.
Adaptação transcultural do Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessement Tool made easy (CALCULATE) para o Brasil: pesquisa metodológica em Enfermagem
Authors: Santos Nathália Caldas , Pessanha Fernanda Soares , Silveira Isabelle Andrade , Sérgio Fernanda Rabello , Souza Beatriz Laureano de , Souza Priscila Alfradique de , Oliveira Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação transcultural e teste de praticabilidade para uso do instrumento Critical Care, Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool Made Easy, no Brasil. Métodos: estudo metodológico de adaptação transcultural, incluindo cinco etapas: tradução inicial, síntese da tradução inicial, retrotradução, avaliação por um comitê de especialistas e a realização do teste de praticabilidade, aplicado à avaliação do risco de lesões por pressão em pacientes em tratamento intensivo. Resultados: O índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) foi calculado para análise do comitê de especialistas e a taxa de concordância (TC) para a praticabilidade no pré-teste. A partir disso, considerou-se como favoráveis IVC >0,8 e TC > 80% e as equivalências semântica e idiomática foram julgadas como adequadas, com IVC de 0,85 e TC de 84,38%.  Considerações finais: a escala foi adaptada para uso no Brasil, apresentou alto nível de concordância entre os especialistas durante todas as etapas e demonstrou validade de conteúdo.
Influência de características organizacionais na aplicabilidade de práticas de controladoria
Authors: Batistella Ana Julia , Zanin Antonio , Magro Cristian Baú Dal , Pinheiro Alan Bandeira
Published: November 2020

Objetiva-se analisar as características organizacionais que influenciam na aplicabilidade das práticas de controladoria. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa e do tipo survey. A amostra compreendeu 108 empresas, de pequeno, médio e grande porte, dos ramos comercial, industrial e prestação de serviço. Para a análise estatística, foram aplicados os testes de Kruskal Wallis e Qui Quadrado. Os achados sugerem que características como regime tributário, configuração jurídica, tamanho da empresa e formação acadêmica, definem a utilização e estágios de controladoria nas empresas. Presume-se que o estudo auxilie acadêmicos e gestores a compreender as razões que levam as organizações a utilizardeterminados recursos de gestão. A controladoria constitui-se em um tema importante,especialmente, porque serve para apoiar e orientar as decisões empresariais.
DUKUNGAN KADER DAN KELUARGA DENGAN PEMANFAATAN POS PEMBINAAN TERPADU PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR DI WILAYAH KERJA TLOGOSARI DI BONDOWOSO
Authors: Rahman Handono Fatkhur
Published: November 2020

Posbindu is a form of early detection of risk factors carried out continuously and continuously. Prevention of non-contagious disease is a combination of efforts for independent maintenance initiatives by officers, the community, and the individuals concerned and health promotion policies are then implemented intensively. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between cadre and family support with the use of integrated non-communicable disease PTM posts in the Tlogosari Community Health Center Tlogosari District work area. The research design with a cross sectional research approach with a total sample of 221 respondents who met the inclusion criteria with judgment sampling technique.Then analyzed by chi-square test. The results of the study showed that out of 221 respondents, most of the cadre support used Posbindu as many as 119 respondents (53.8%) and most of the families who used Posbindu were 119 respondents (53.8%). Statistical test results with Chi Square test obtained ρ = 0.00, so that ρ <0.05, interpreted that there is a relationship between cadre support and the use of Posbindu, likewise there is a family relationship with the use of Posbindu by obtaining ρ = 0.00, so ρ < 0.05. It was concluded that there was support from cadres and families with the use of Posbindu in the Tlogosari Community Health Center and it was hoped that the community would really use Posbindu PTM as the smallest health facility in the community to prevent the increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases.
the Phenomenology Study: Post-Flood and Landslide Farmers Resilience Experiences in Klungkung Village, Sukorambi District, Jember Regency
Authors: DEVIANTONY FITRIO
Published: November 2020

Floods and landslides are disasters that can cause a lot of damage related to the material and of course fatalities, as well as the amount of damage from the environment that occurs, and other impacts will undoubtedly affect the psychology of the communities that changed by the disaster. The psychological effect of this unusual event will undoubtedly lead to trauma or it called posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aims to explore the experiences of farmers who experience floods and landslides directly, the research design used is a qualitative research design using an interpretative phenomenology approach. The technique of collecting data used in-depth interviews with a semi-structured interview guide involving five participants and analyzed using interpretative analysis of phenomenology. This study produced six themes including disasters that occur due to humans, accepting the existing reality, getting closer to God, having the desire to farm again, recovering the family economy, keeping the environment around and improving themselves. The role of health workers is important because the impact caused by this condition can be worse so that health workers need to provide services so that farmers can understand, live and be able to accept and adapt to the conditions that occur
Exposure to permethrin or chlorpyrifos causes differential dose- and time-dependent behavioral effects at early larval stages of an endangered teleost species
Authors: Mundy PC , Huff Hartz KE , Fulton CA , Lydy MJ , Brander SM , Hung TC , Fangue N , Connon RE
Published: November 2020

Pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides are two of the most commonly used classes of insecticide worldwide. At sublethal concentrations, permethrin (a pyrethroid) and chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate) impact behavior in model fish species. We investigated behavioral effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of permethrin or chlorpyrifos on early larval delta smeltHypomesus transpacificus, a Critically Endangered teleost species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Delta, California, USA. Using a photomotor behavioral assay of oscillating light and dark periods, we measured distance moved, turn angle, meander, angular velocity, rotations, thigmotaxis (time spent in the border versus center), and swim speed duration and frequency. The lowest concentrations of permethrin used in the tests (0.05 and 0.5 µg l-1) caused significant increases in distance moved at 72 and 96 h, respectively. At 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, 5 µg l-1of permethrin caused a hyperactive state in which the larvae significantly decreased thigmotaxis, quickly turning in short bouts of activity, characterized by significant increases in rotations and freezing events. Larvae exposed to 0.05 µg l-1chlorpyrifos significantly increased thigmotaxis at 72 and 96 h. In response to 5 µg l-1chlorpyrifos, larvae significantly increased velocity at 72 h exposure, and significantly increased freezing events at 96 h. Behavioral data on larval delta smelt exposed to contaminants present in their limited habitat have the potential to aid evaluations of the suitability of spawning and rearing habitats for this endangered species, thus improving conservation management strategies focused on this sensitive life stage.
Reproductive output, foraging destinations, and isotopic niche of olive ridley and loggerhead sea turtles, and their hybrids, in Brazil
Authors: Soares LS , Bjorndal KA , Bolten AB , Wayne ML , Castilhos JC , Weber MI , López-Mendilaharsu M , Marcovaldi MA , Vilaça ST , Naro-Maciel E
Published: November 2020

Hybridization is a fundamental evolutionary and ecological process with significant conservation ramifications. Sea turtle hybridization occurs at unusually high frequencies along the northeastern coast of Brazil. To better understand the process, we studied the reproductive output, migration patterns (through satellite telemetry), and isotopic niches of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta and olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea and their hybrids. We classified 154 nesting females as loggerhead (n = 91), olive ridley (n = 38), or hybrid (n = 25) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Further, we compared nesting female morphological data and reproductive parameters (clutch size, emergence success, hatchling production, incubation period) of 405 nests among hybrids and parental species. We found no significant differences among the 3 groups when hatchling production was corrected for female body size, indicating that hybrids and parental species produce similar numbers of hatchlings per clutch. Satellite tracking of 8 post-nesting hybrid females revealed shared foraging grounds with both parental species, as well as neritic migrations between foraging and nesting areas similar to those previously reported for loggerheads and olive ridleys. Analyses of 13C and 15N isotope values (n = 69) further confirmed this pattern, as hybrid isotopic niches overlapped extensively with both parental species. Thus, given the similarities presented between hybrids and their parental species in reproductive, ecological, and behavioral characteristics, we conclude that these hybrids may persist along with other sea turtle nesting populations in the area, with research and conservation implications.
Water masses constrain the distribution of deep-sea sponges in the North Atlantic Ocean and Nordic Seas
Authors: Roberts EM , Bowers DG , Meyer HK , Samuelsen A , Rapp HT , Cárdenas P
Published: November 2020

Water masses are bodies of water with distinctive physical and biogeochemical properties. They impart vertical structure to the deep ocean, participate in circulation, and can be traced over great distances, potentially influencing the distributions of deep-sea fauna. The classic potential temperature-salinity (θ-s) diagram was used to investigate deep-sea sponge (demosponge genus Geodia) association with water masses over the North Atlantic Ocean and Nordic Seas. A novel analysis was conducted, based on sampling the curvature of climatological mean θ-s curves at sponge locations. Sponges were particularly associated with turning points in the θ-s curves, indicative of intermediate and deep water masses. Arctic geodiid species (G. hentscheli and G. parva) were associated with Arctic intermediate and deep waters in the Nordic Seas, and with dense overflows into the northern North Atlantic. Boreal species (G. atlantica, G. barretti, G. macandrewii, and G. phlegraei) were associated with upper and intermediate water masses in the Northeast Atlantic and with upper, Atlantic-derived waters in the Nordic Seas. Taken together with distributional patterns, a link with thermohaline currents was also inferred. We conclude that water masses and major current pathways structure the distribution of a key deep-sea benthic faunal group on an ocean basin scale. This is most likely because of a combination of the physical constraints they place on the dispersal of early life-history stages, ecophysiological adaptation (evolved tolerances) to specific water masses, and the benefits to filter-feeders of certain phenomena linked to water column structure (e.g. nepheloid layers, internal waves/tides, density-driven currents).
Oceanographic conditions associated with white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) habitat use along eastern Australia
Authors: Lee KA , Butcher PA , Harcourt RG , Patterson TA , Peddemors VM , Roughan M , Harasti D , Smoothey AF , Bradford RW
Published: November 2020

Management of species with wide-ranging migrations is a complex issue, made more challenging when the species is both protected and poses a risk to humans. Understanding the oceanic conditions associated with shark habitat use can help develop mitigation strategies or warning systems that meet both conservation and human safety objectives. Using satellite tracks from 77 juvenile and sub-adult white sharks tagged over 10 yr, we modelled individual movement patterns using hidden Markov models and applied generalised additive (mixed) models to explore correlations between movement patterns (presence-absence, habitat selection and behavioural state) and oceanographic and bathymetric variables. White sharks used the whole of the continental shelf, down to depths of 350 m on the continental slope. Sharks were present over a wide range of sea surface temperatures (SSTs; 10-27°C), with the highest probability of occurring at ~20°C. However, the number of average daily tag positions was greatest when SST was between 14 and 18°C, and sharks were more likely to exhibit area-restricted movement when SST was between ~19 and 23°C. Sharks were more likely to be present and selected habitats in productive areas with moderate to high surface chl a concentrations as well as thermal and productivity fronts. Although mesoscale eddies did not influence the likelihood of individuals being present in an area, there was a higher density of sharks in cold-core eddies compared to warm-core eddies. This study indicates that white shark presence and dispersal may be linked, perhaps via prey distribution, to oceanic conditions, potentially assisting development of suitable shark bite mitigation strategies.
Poor body condition associated with an unusual mortality event in gray whales
Authors: Christiansen F , Rodríguez-González F , Martínez-Aguilar S , Urbán J , Swartz S , Warick H , Vivier F , Bejder L
Published: November 2020

The eastern North Pacific gray whaleEschrichtius robustusexperienced an unusual mortality event (UME) in 2019-2020, with 384 whales found dead along the Pacific coasts of Mexico, USA and Canada. A similar UME in 1999-2000 was speculated to have been caused by starvation, but body condition data were not available to test this hypothesis. Between 2017 and 2019, we used unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) and photogrammetry methods to measure the body condition of gray whales in San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Body condition was calculated from the residual of the relationship between body volume and length. The body condition of gray whales was significantly lower in 2018 (-11.1%, SE = 1.74, n = 531) and 2019 (-9.7%, SE = 1.76, n = 628) compared to 2017 (n = 59) for all reproductive classes (calves, juveniles, adults and lactating females). Overall, lactating females were in good body condition. The reduction in body condition of whales in 2018-2019 is unlikely to have affected their survival, but could have reduced their reproductive rate by prolonging the post-weaning recovery time. This could explain the low number of mother-calf pairs observed in the San Ignacio Lagoon in 2018 and 2019. For juveniles and adults that arrived in the lagoons with less energy reserves, their reduced body condition may have been close to their survival threshold. This could explain the high proportion of juveniles and adults among the stranded dead whales in 2019-2020. Although the underlying cause of the reduction in gray whale body condition is unknown, starvation likely contributed to the 2019-2020 UME.
Climate warming affects the depth distribution of marine ectotherms
Authors: Thatje S
Published: November 2020

Climate change causes warming of the oceans, and there is consensus that many marine ectotherms, including marine invertebrates and fishes, respond to the increase in temperature by showing latitudinal range shifts in their distribution. However, the effect of ocean warming on the bathymetric distribution of marine ectotherms remains largely theoretical, and few works evidence bathymetric range shifts. Since warming is not exclusive of surface waters, the depth distribution of species should also be affected by warming. Here, I exemplify bathymetric distribution ranges of marine ectotherms from the North Atlantic and advocate that there will be species-specific shifts in the fundamental ecological niches occupied in response to climate warming. Combined temperature and pressure acclimation to match oxygen capacity demands at physiological thresholds is key to this process. Species-specific tolerance of hydrostatic pressure and temperature determines depth distribution ranges of marine ectotherms.
Biological Aspect of Betta raja of Wild Type at Bandar Tinggi Village
Authors: Manullang Helentina Mariance , Khairul Khairul
Published: November 2020

Betta raja is endemic wild Betta fish whose habitat is found in Sumatera Island. One of the habitat found in Desa Bandar Tinggi, Kecamatan Bilah Hulu, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Population B. raja is increasingly diminished due to illegal logging and land conversion. The purpose of this research is to know the biological aspects of Lakepe fish (B. raja) in their natural habitat in Bandar Tinggi Village, Labuhan Batu Regency. Monitoring of biological aspects of B. raja in its original habitat needs to be. Considering B. raja as the biological wealth of endemic fish species that needs to be preserved. Methodology: The study uses exploratory methods with the determination of purposive sampling observation stations. Samples of fish captured using a fishing rod. The results of the study showed the value of b < 3, then the pattern of fish growth is negative allometric, the population density of average fish is 0.33 – 0.40 Ind/m², and and sex ratio  of females and males (1:1 )

Keywords:  Betta raja, Biological Aspect, Desa Bandar Tinggi
Identification from L2 Speech Using Neural Spectrogram Analysis
Authors: Graham Calbert
Published: November 2020

The main objective of this project is to model L1-L2 interaction and uncover discriminative speech features that can identify the L1 background of a speaker from their non-native English speech. Traditional phonetic analyses of L1-L2 interaction tend to use a pre-selected set of acoustic features. This, however, may not be sufficient to capture all traces of the L1 in the L2 speech to make an accurate classification. Deep learning has the potential to address this by exploring the space of features automatically. In this talk I report a series of classification experiments involving a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on spectrogram pictures. The classification problem consists of determining whether English speech samples from a large spontaneous speech corpus are spoken by a native speaker of SSBE, Japanese, Dutch, French or Polish.
Differential Germination and Growth Response to Temperature of Three Ambrosia Weed Species—Implications for Future Spread
Authors: Yair Yifat , Goldwasser Yaakov , Sibony Moshe , Eizenberg Hanan , Rubin Baruch
Published: November 2020

Three mainAmbrosiaspecies (Ragweed) grow in Israel; the most abundant invasiveAmbrosia confertifloraDC, whereasA. artemisiifoliaL. andA. tenuifoliaSpreng., are of restricted distribution. The present research was aimed to study the effect of temperatures regimes on the development and growth of theseAmbrosiaspecies, to elucidate the environmental conditions and plant traits that affect their growth and infestation patterns. All threeAmbrosiaspecies germinate best in light from the soil surface with no prerequisite of a stratification period.A. confertifloraseed emergence is inhibited at high temperature regimes (28/34°C).A.artemisiifoliaat low temperature regimes (10/16°C), whileA. tenuifoliais less affected by the temperature regimes.A. confertifloraplant height increases with increasing temperatures, and at lower temperatures develops a rosette. Root and rhizome biomass were less affected by the different temperatures regimes;A.artemisiifoliaaboveground mass was not affected by temperature regimes whileA. tenuifoliaaboveground mass was reduced only at lower temperatures.A. confertiflorafast invasion and establishment are due to the combined effects of prolific seed dispersal, rapid sprouting and growth, and its phenotypic plasticity.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in Mammary Gland of Yak During Lactation and Dry Period
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Zhou Xuelan , Xiong Lin , Pei Jie , Yao Xixi , Liang Chunnian , Bao Pengjia , Chu Min , Guo Xian , Yan Ping
Published: November 2020

The mammary gland is a remarkably dynamic organ of milk synthesis and secretion, and it experiences drastic structural and metabolic changes during the transition from dry periods to lactation, which involves the expression and regulation of numerous genes and regulatory factors. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has considered as a novel type of regulatory factors involved in a variety of biological processes. However, their role in the lactation cycle of yak is still poorly understood. To reveal the involved mechanism, Ribo-zero RNA sequencing was employed to profile the lncRNA transcriptome in mammary tissue samples from yak at two physiological stages, namely lactation (LP) and dry period (DP). Notably, 1,599 lncRNA transcripts were identified through four rigorous steps and filtered through protein-coding ability. A total of 59 lncRNAs showed significantly different expression between two stages. Accordingly, the results of qRT-PCR were consistent with that of the transcriptome data. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were involved in pathways related to lactation, such as ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids and focal adhesion etc. Finally, we constructed a lncRNA-gene regulatory network containing some well known candidate genes for milk yield and quality traits. This is the first study to demonstrate a global profile of lncRNA expression in the mammary gland of yak. These results contribute to a valuable resource for future genetic and molecular studies on improving milk yield and quality, and help us to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lactogenesis and mammary gland development of yak.
Serum Adiponectin Levels Are Positively Associated With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sun Qing , Yan Bin , Yang Dan , Guo Jie , Wang Chao , Zhang Qian , Shi Yue , Shi Xiaohu , Tian Guoqing , Liang Xiaochun
Published: November 2020

Objective

To investigate the association between serum adiponectin levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in Chinese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Design and Methods

Two hundred nineteen T2D patients aged 40–79 years were divided into two groups according to whether they had DPN. The systemic levels of five biomarkers were measured using a human adipokine multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnostic criteria included both common DPN symptoms and neurological screening tests.

Results

Most features of DPN (n=98) and non-DPN patients (n=121) are similar, but the DPN patients were slightly older, had longer diabetes duration, higher hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), less exercise, and used lipid-lowering drugs more often. Serum adiponectin levels of DPN patients were higher than that of non-DPN patients (8.13 vs. 9.63 mg/ml, P = 0.004). Serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with DPN after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, HbA1c, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, log-transformed low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid-lowering drug usage, eGFR, and diabetes duration {odds ratio (OR) 1.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.89], P = 0.041}. The OR refers to a doubling in biomarkers.

Conclusions

Serum adiponectin levels were higher in DPN patients compared to non‑DPN patients in this Chinese T2D population. Serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with DPN presence, independent of multiple confounders.
Classifying Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes by Using Deep Clustering Approach
Authors: Rohani Narjes , Eslahchi Changiz
Published: November 2020

Cancer is a complex disease with a high rate of mortality. The characteristics of tumor masses are very heterogeneous; thus, the appropriate classification of tumors is a critical point in the effective treatment. A high level of heterogeneity has also been observed in breast cancer. Therefore, detecting the molecular subtypes of this disease is an essential issue for medicine that could be facilitated using bioinformatics. This study aims to discover the molecular subtypes of breast cancer using somatic mutation profiles of tumors. Nonetheless, the somatic mutation profiles are very sparse. Therefore, a network propagation method is used in the gene interaction network to make the mutation profiles dense. Afterward, the deep embedded clustering (DEC) method is used to classify the breast tumors into four subtypes. In the next step, gene signature of each subtype is obtained using Fisher's exact test. Besides the enrichment of gene signatures in numerous biological databases, clinical and molecular analyses verify that the proposed method using mutation profiles can efficiently detect the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Finally, a supervised classifier is trained based on the discovered subtypes to predict the molecular subtype of a new patient. The code and material of the method are available at: https://github.com/nrohani/MolecularSubtypes.