bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular Presentations of Sickle Cell Disease Patients in a Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Efobi Chilota Chibuife , Ejiofor Obiora S. , Ochiogu Bernard C. , Uzozie Chukwudi Charles , Udeaja Anthonia , Onyiaorah Adaora Amoge
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited haemolytic disorder that affects virtually all body systems including the eye. Ocular complications of SCD could have dire consequences if not detected early.

Objectives: We aimed at determining the prevalence of ocular complications of SCD in our patients.

Methods: This study was carried out on patients attending both the adult and Paediatric Sickle cell disease clinic at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Teaching Hospital, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria, over an 8 month period. A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting patients to determine their sociodemographic variables and other characteristics. Visual acuity was determined with multiple optotype Snellen’s chart at 6 metres in natural daylight. Using pen-torch, the face, external eye examination, anterior segment examination and pupillary reaction to light were assessed. Magnified anterior segment examination was performed with slit-lamp biomicroscope.  All subjects underwent dilated fundoscopy (after instillation of tropicamide 0.5% eye drop) using Welch Allyn indirect ophthalmoscope. Results were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 Inc Chicago Illinois and represented in tables. Statistically significant P value was set at < 0.05.

Results: A total of 28 patients with age range of 6-42 years were seen. 17 (60.7%) were males, while 11 (39.3%) were females.  8 (28.6%) had at least one ocular anomaly comprising of refractory errors 3 (10.8%), sickle cell retinopathy 4 (14.3%) and glaucoma 2 (7.1%). Only 2 (7.1%) routinely visit eye clinic. SCD retinopathy was found to increase with age (P value= 0.005).

Conclusion: SCD retinopathy was found more in the older age group despite the small sample size at a prevalence rate of 14.3%. Early initiation of routine ocular examination for SCD patients will be beneficial to avert these complications. More efforts should be made at educating the patients. Larger studies will be required to determine the actual prevalence of ocular anomaly in SCD patients in Anambra State.
Catpund: a prehistoric house in Shetland
Authors: Ballin-Smith Beverley , Ballin Torben , Dickson Camilla , Carter Stephen , Sharman Paul , Arthur John
Published: February 2020

A prehistoric house was excavated in advance of industrial quarrying at Catpund, Shetland. Although little of the internal stratigraphy of the house remained beneath a modern cabbage enclosure (planticrub), the form of the house survived. The artefacts found in and around the house indicate the domestic activities which took place there, and the farming methods employed in the vicinity. A thorough analysis of the artefactual evidence suggests that the house was in use some time during the middle to late Bronze Age. This report considers the structural and environmental evidence for the house together with discussions on its form, the distribution of artefacts and dating.
The excavation of four caves in the Geodha Smoo near Durness, Sutherland
Authors: Pollard Tony , Barrett James , Smith Catherine , Photos-Jones Effie , Aldritt D , Squair Robert , Cerón-Cerrasco Ruby
Published: February 2020

In response to the threat posed by marine and river erosion, a series of deeply stratified midden deposits was excavated in caves leading off a narrow, rock-cut inlet known as the Geodha Smoo, near Durness, Sutherland. These included the famous Smoo Cave (NGR: NC 4136 6714), at the southern end of the inlet; two smaller caves cut into the western wall of the inlet (Glassknapper's Cave and Antler Cave); and a fourth cave (Wetweather Cave) in the eastern wall. The majority of excavated deposits from these caves appear to relate to Viking/Norse or post-Norse activity, with fish bones, marine shells and mammal and bird bones representing the processing and consumption of marine and terrestrial foods. Possible evidence for metalsmithing in the form of iron slag and boat nails could suggest that boats were repaired in the sheltered inlet. Four radiocarbon dates from Smoo Cave and Glassknapper's Cave provide evidence for use of these sites between the eighth and 11th centuries AD. Convincing evidence for pre-Norse activity, although unsupported by radiocarbon dates, was recovered from Glassknapper's Cave in the form of probable Iron Age pottery, while late Neolithic pottery came from floor deposits in the Wetweather Cave.
Excavation of a Bronze Age wicker container, Gearraidh na h'Aibhne, Isle of Lewis
Authors: Duffy Paul , Holmes Mark , Ramsey Susan , Miller Jennifer , Burgess Christopher , McSwan Gillian , Arthur John , Northamptonshire Archaeology -
Published: February 2020

An archaeological excavation was carried out at Gearraidh na h'Aibhne near Calanais on the Isle of Lewis by Northamptonshire Archaeology, working for Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) as part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call Off Contract. The site, initially interpreted as a cist potentially containing a bog body, was identified during annual peat cutting. Excavation demonstrated that the feature was in fact an oval pit containing a quantity of hazel branches, capped with a number of flat slabs of Lewisian Gneiss. Several similar stones had been placed in the base of the feature, overlying more hazel branches.The observation of several branches placed vertically at the edges of the cut suggests that the wood remains may have originally constituted a wicker structure or basket. Further evidence of anthropogenic activity was identified in the form of bent and/or twisted hazel rods and cut marks on a larger piece of wood. Growth-ring analysis of the hazel pieces identified two distinct age clusters: a large group of pieces between five and seven years old and a smaller group between ten and 13 years old, indicating the hazel branches had been deliberately selected for size. Analysis of preserved botanical macrofossil remains indicated that heather type stems and Sphagnum moss might have been incorporated or deposited into the structure. Two radiocarbon dates of 1080-830 BC (SUERC-2086) and 1000-830 BC (SUERC-2087) at 2-sigma probability were obtained from two discrete samples of hazel, suggesting the structure was constructed and deposited during the Late Bronze Age.
A social history of 19th-century farm workers and their families, at Jack's Houses, Kirkliston, Midlothian
Authors: Mitchell Stuart , Oliver Fay , Neighbour Tim , Anderson S , Cressey M , Haggarty G , Murdoch R
Published: February 2020

The remains of two 19th-century row cottages and associated structures and deposits were discovered at Jack's Houses, near Kirkliston. Nearby agricultural remains included a field system with boundary walls, drains and a draw well. A large rubbish dump containing pottery and ceramics has been interpreted as urban waste imported to the site to be added to the land in order to break up the clay soil for cultivation. A historical study undertaken in combination with the archaeological work afforded a view into the lives of the transient agricultural labourers and their families who occupied the houses over a century. The combined disciplines have provided us with a rare insight into a part of rural social history from the early-mid 19th to the early 20th centuries.
STAC: The Severe Terrain Archaeological Campaign - investigation of stack sites of the Isle of Lewis 2003-2005
Authors: MacLeod Mary , Barrowman Chris , McHardy Ian , MacSween Ann , McKenzie Jo , Ramsay Susan , Smith Catherine
Published: February 2020

The STAC (Severe Terrain Archaeological Campaign) project conducted topographic and archaeological surveys of sea stacks and other cliff-bound coastal sites around the Isle of Lewis over three annual field seasons from 2003-2005. The project made use of a specialised access system called 'Industrial Rope Access', which proved to be both a safe and a practical way of achieving archaeological research in such places. The first part of this report details the formation and methods of the STAC project, and discusses some relevant geographical issues. The second part presents the results of the eleven site surveys. One of these sites, Dunasbroc, was thought to be particularly vulnerable to erosion and was subject to small-scale excavation, the results of which form the third part of the report.
Excavations on the Site of Balmerino House, Constitution Street, Leith
Authors: White Ross , O'Connell Chris , Anderson Sue , Gallagher Dennis , Haggarty George , Hall Derek , Heald Andrew , Jackson Adam , McLaren Dawn , Smith Catherine
Published: February 2020

The remains of the front of Balmerino House, built in 1631, were uncovered during an archaeological excavation at St Mary's Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church, Constitution Street, Leith. The work also revealed several phases of medieval to post-medieval activity, and a small burial ground which predated the house. The earliest feature uncovered by the excavation was a well containing 13th- to 14th-century pottery. Large quantities of late to post-medieval pottery were recovered, as well as iron objects, glass and bone. The human remains comprised six adult males, although some were incomplete due to later disturbance. Of importance to the history of clay tobacco pipe manufacture in Scotland is a small assemblage of clay-pipe wasters and kiln waste dated c1630-40. The work was sponsored by Gregor Properties Ltd.
The Excavation of Bronze Age Roundhouses at Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire
Authors: White Ross , Richardson Phil , Ballin Torben , Hastie Mhairi , Johnson Melanie , McLaren D , Thoms J , Jackson Adam , Cressey Michael
Published: February 2020

Excavations in summer 2005 to the north of Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire, revealed the remains of at least three Bronze Age ring-ditch roundhouses and associated features, together apparently forming elements of an area of open settlement. The excavations were conducted in advance of the construction of a new bypass road around the north of Oldmeldrum, related to new housing development. George Wimpey (East Scotland Ltd) funded the project.
A Later Prehistoric Settlement and Metalworking Site at Seafield West, near Inverness, Highland
Authors: Cressey Michael , Anderson Sue , Clarke Ann , Cowie Trevor , Hunter Fraser , Heald Andrew , Eremin Katherine , Johnson Melanie , Pelling Ruth , Mack Ian , McDonnell Gerry , Maudie George , Braby Alan , Werner Shelly
Published: February 2020

Construction in 1996 at a major retail development site close to Inverness, Highland resulted in the destruction of two known cropmark sites. One set of cropmarks was found to be associated with a Bronze Age log-boat burial site and the results of the ensuing excavation are published elsewhere (Cressey & Sheridan 2003). The excavation of a second area of cropmarks forms the subject of this publication. The archaeological remains consisted of a series of negative features, post-holes and annular ditches which form parts of at least nine separate structures of a later prehistoric unenclosed settlement. A mould fragment indicated Late Bronze Age sword production in the vicinity. A palisaded enclosure produced a copper-alloy brooch that is a rare find for the region. Evidence of copper-alloy objects and metalworking from a smelting hearth and slags show that the occupants were of some status. Some of the structural and artefactual evidence compellingly points to an in situ ironworking workshop. A large cache of smithing charcoal found in association with a smelting hearth was radiocarbon dated to 180BC-AD70 and represents one of the few dated in situ Iron Age ironworking episodes in Scotland.
An Corran, Staffin, Skye: a rockshelter with Mesolithic and later occupation
Authors: Saville Alan , Hardy Karen , Miket Roger , Ballin Torben , Bartosiewicz László , Bonsall Clive , Bruce Margaret , Carter Stephen , Cowie Trevor , Craig Oliver , Hallén Ywonne , Holden Timothy G , Kerr N W , Miller Jennifer , Milner Nicky , Pickard Catriona , Braby Alan , O'Neil Marion , Angus Craig
Published: February 2020

The An Corran rockshelter, on the north-east coast of the Trotternish peninsula, Skye, contained a series of shell midden and other deposits with evidence for human occupation from Mesolithic and later periods. A rescue investigation of the site in the winter of 1993-94, immediately prior to anticipated total destruction by rock-blasting for roadworks, included the excavation of a trench dug down to bedrock. A total of 41 separate contexts were identi-fied. Of these, 31 were recent or later prehistoric, the upper levels containing a series of hearths of recent date and an Iron Age copper-alloy pin. The lowest 10 layers were identified initially as Mesolithic on the basis of bone tool and lithic typology, but a series of 18 radiocarbon dates indicates they contain the residues of subsequent prehistoric activity as well. These layers consisted of several distinct areas of midden, below which there were two, possibly three, horizons which probably, based on the presence of broad blade microliths, represent Early Mesolithic activity. The midden layers also contained some human bones radiocarbon-dated to the Neolithic period. The rockshelter was located below an outcrop of baked mudstone and near a source of chalcedonic silica. Both these lithic raw materials were widely used during the Mesolithic as far away as the island of Rum.
Late Neolithic and Late Bronze Age lithic assemblages associated with a cairn and other prehistoric features at Stoneyhill Farm, Longhaven, Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, 2002-03
Authors: Ballin Torben , Suddaby Ian , Cressey M , Hastie M , Jackson A , Johnson M
Published: February 2020

Prehistoric remains were recorded by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) in 2002-03 during a programme of fieldwork at the landfill site within the boundaries of Stoneyhill Farm, which lies 7km to the southwest of Peterhead in Aberdeenshire. These included a clearance cairn with a Late Bronze Age lithic assemblage and a burial cairn, with Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age lithics and Beaker ceramics. Other lithic scatters of similar date had no certain associations, although pits containing near-contemporary Impressed Wares were nearby. Additional lithic assemblages included material dated to the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. What may be proto-Unstan Wares in an isolated pit were associated with radiocarbon dates (barley) of the first half of the fourth millennium bc. These findings represent a substantial addition to the local area's archaeological record and form an important contribution to the understanding of lithic technology and ceramics in earlier prehistoric Scotland.This paper is dedicated to the memory of Ian Shepherd, whose site visits enlightened this and other projects undertaken by one of the authors (IS).
A POLÍTICA CULTURAL NA REVOLUÇÃO CUBANA: as disputas intelectuais nos anos 1960 e 1970
Authors: Cezar Miskulin Sílvia
Published: February 2020

A Revolução Cubana promoveu grandes transformações na sociedade da ilha. Novas publicações, instituições culturais e manifestações artísticas acompanharam a efervescência política e cultural ao longo dos anos 60. Esta pesquisa analisou o suplemento cultural Lunes de Revolución, a editora El Puente e o suplemento cultural El Caimán Barbudo, com o objetivo de mostrar o surgimento das novas publicações e manifestações culturais em Cuba após o triunfo da Revolução. O trabalho demonstra que o surgimento de uma política cultural acarretou a normatização e o controle das produções culturais pelo governo cubano desde os anos 1960, e mais ainda após 1971, quando se acentuou o fechamento e o endurecimento no meio cultural cubano.

 

CULTURAL POLICY IN THE CUBAN REVOLUTION: intellectual disputes in the 1960s and 1970s

The Cuban Revolution promoted great transformations in the society of the island. New publications, cultural institutions and artistic manifestations accompanied the political and cultural effervescence throughout the 1960s.This research analyzed the cultural supplement Lunes de Revolución, the El Puente publishing house and the El Caimán Barbudo cultural supplement, with the aim of showing the emergence of new publications and cultural manifestations in Cuba after the triumph of the Revolution. However, the emergence of a cultural policy has led to the normalization and control of cultural productions by the Cuban government since the 1960s, and especially after 1971, when the closing and hardening of the Cuban cultural milieu became more pronounced.

Key words: Cuba. Revolution. Culture. History. Intellectual.

 

LA POLITIQUE CULTURELLE DANS LA REVOLUTION CUBAINE: controverses intellectuelles dans les annees 1960 et 1970

La révolution cubaine a promu de grandes transformations dans la société de l’île. De nouvelles publications, des institutions culturelles et des manifestations artistiques ont accompagné l’effervescence politique et culturelle tout au long des années 1960.Cette recherche a analysé le supplément culturel Lunes de Revolución, la maison d’édition El Puente et le supplément culturel El Caimán Barbudo, dans le but de montrer l’émergence de nouvelles publications et manifestations culturelles à Cuba après le triomphe de la Révolution. Cependant, l’émergence d’une politique culturelle a conduit à la normalisation et au contrôle des productions culturelles par le gouvernement cubain depuis les années 1960, et encore plus après 1971, lorsque la fermeture et l’endurcissement du milieu culturel cubain se sont accentués.

Mots clés: Cuba. Révolution. Culture. Histoire. Intellectuel.
A SOCIOLOGIA DA ARTE COMO VOCAÇÃO: um relato de Vera Zolberg
Authors: Villas Bôas Glaucia , B V Kulitz Layssa
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta a trajetória acadêmica de Vera Zolberg (1932-2016), considerada uma das fundadoras do campo da sociologia da arte nos Estados Unidos. Com base em um relato da socióloga, durante sua última visita ao Brasil, o texto revela as adversidades que ela enfrentou para obter uma formação acadêmica pelo fato de ser mulher, judia, casada e mãe. Da infância no South Bronx, aos estudos no Hunter College, à vida em Boston e no Texas, até o doutorado na Universidade de Chicago, o depoimento de Vera Zolberg evidencia o movimento de sua subjetividade entre oportunidades e adversidades, contingências e surpresas, viagens e deslocamentos em busca de sua autonomia intelectual, assim como nos revela peculiaridades da sociedade norte-americana que raramente aparecem nos discursos sobre o cenário do pós guerra naquele país.

 

THE SOCIOLOGY OF ART AS A VOCATION: an account of Vera Zolberg

The article presents the academic trajectory of Vera Zolberg (1932-2016), one of the founders of the field of sociology of art in the United States. Based on an account of the sociologist made during her last visit to Brazil, the text reveals the adversities that she faced in order to obtain an academic training by being a woman, a jew, a wife and a mother. From childhood in the South Bronx, to her studies in Hunter College, to the life in Boston and in Texas to University of Chicago, Vera Zolberg’s testimony evidences the movement of her subjectivity between opportunities and adversities, contingencies and surprises, travels and journeys in search of her intellectual autonomy, just as it reveals to us the peculiarities of American life, which rarely, appears in discourses about the postwar scene.

Keywords: Vera Zolberg. Academic formation. Intellectual autonomy. Sociology of art.

 

LA SOCIOLOGIE DE L’ART COMME UNE VOCATION: un rapport de Vera Zolberg

C’est article présent le trajectoire academique de Vera Zolberg (1932-2016), une des foundatrice du champ de la Sociologie de l’Art dans L’États-Unis. Basé sur un rapport de la sociologue fait lors de sa derniéré visite au Brésil, le text révèle les adversités auxquelles elle a été confrontée afin d’obtenir une formation académique en étant femme, juive, épouse et mére. De l’enfance dans le sud du Bronx, aux etudes au Hunter College, à la vie à Boston et au Texas à l’Université de Chicago, le témoignage de Vera Zolberg montre le mouvement
de sa subjetivité entre opportunité et adversité, contingences et surprises, voyages et déplacement à la recherche de sa autonomie intellectuelle, comme nous révèle les particularités de la vie américaine, qui apparaît rarement dans les discours sur la scène de l’après-guerre.

Mots-clés: Vera Zolberg. Formation academique. Autonomie intellectuelle. Sociologie de l’Art.
Necrotic Plaque in a Patient With Malignant Hematologic Disease
Authors: Matsuya Marika , Kinouchi Motoshi , Sekiguchi Yuzufumi
Published: December 2024

A man in his 70s with myelodysplastic syndrome presented with a painful violaceous eruption on his left lower leg accompanied by low-grade fever and fatigue for 1 week. What is your diagnosis?
New Developments in Transformative Learning
Authors: McClain Adam L.
Published: December 2024

Rooted in nearly five decades of scholarly research, transformative learning theory explores how individuals construct and reinterpret their experiences, leading to profound change. This chapter delves into the foundational principles of transformative learning within adult education, highlighting its significance and broad applications. It starts with a definition of transformative learning, moves through traditional perspectives, reviews effective practices, addresses critiques, and calls for a unified theory and metatheory. It concludes with an overview of recent scholarly contributions. The chapter outlines the evolving nature of transformative learning, emphasizing its theoretical developments and the ongoing efforts to synthesize various perspectives. As the field progresses, the pivotal role of transformative learning in fostering deep and meaningful change in adult education is continually reinforced.
Spirituality as the Center of Lifelong Learning
Authors: Kroth Michael , Carr‐Chellman Davin , Rogers‐Shaw Carol
Published: December 2024

This chapter argues for the centrality of spirituality in lifelong and adult learning theory and practice. As embedded in human experience, the spirituality of learning, including exploring awe and wonder, is vital. We introduce the processes and outcomes of lifelong spiritual formation, profound learning, and human flourishing as underpinnings for a theoretical, spirituality‐based framework.
One‐Step Hydrothermal Process to Fabricate Hydrophobic Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Coating on MAO–Coated AZ31 Magnesium Alloy and Its Durability
Authors: Zhang Jumei , Wang Zhihu
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic layer of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a hydrophobic Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) coating was prepared on its surface by a one‐step hydrothermal method. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy disperse spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The wettability and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied by contact angle (CA) measuring instrument and electrochemical workstation. Meanwhile, the durability of the coating was evaluated by sandpaper abrasion, tape peeling and immersion test. The results showed that the hydrophobic Mg–Al LDH coating can be successfully prepared on the surface of MAO ceramic layer by one‐step hydrothermal treatment with alkaline aluminum nitrate solution containing sodium laurate. The hydrophobic Mg–Al LDH coating sealed the inherent defects of MAO ceramic coating, resulting in significantly improved corrosion resistance. With the extension of sandpaper abrasion distance, tape peeling times, and immersion time, the CA of the coating shows a downward trend, and the coating gradually changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. However, after the durability test, the coating still has good corrosion resistance, and its corrosion current density was still lower than that of MAO ceramic layer.
Drying Controlled Synthesis of Catalytic Metal Nanocrystals Within 2D‐Material Nanoconfinements
Authors: Little Joshua M. , Chen Amy , Kamali Ali , Akash Tanmay S. , Park Chan‐Soo , Liu Dongxia , Das Siddhartha , Woehl Taylor J. , Chen Po‐Yen
Published: December 2024

The synthesis of low‐dimensional metal nanocrystals with precise atom‐to‐nanoscale structure control is crucial for modulating their physicochemical properties. Traditional synthetic routes encounter challenges due to isotropic metallic bonding, which leads to limited control over metal nanostructures. Herein, a versatile approach is developed using various 2D material (2DM) nanoconfinements to produce a wide range of metal nanocrystals with controllable morphologies. Utilizing graphene oxide (GO) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, thin multilayer films are assembled through vacuum filtration and are crosslinked with tetraammineplatinum(II) nitrate (TPtN), followed by in situ thermal reduction. By controlling the concentration of TPtN solution, precise loadings of platinum (Pt) are attained while preserving the nanoconfinement integrity. Two water removal techniques, air‐drying and freeze‐drying, are investigated to assess their impacts on resultant morphologies of Pt nanocrystals. Transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate high‐aspect‐ratio Pt nanosheets on MXene substrates and few‐atom Pt nanoclusters on GO substrates. A decrease in size distribution is observed upon the use of freeze‐drying. In the semihydrogenation reaction of phenylacetylene, freeze‐dried Pt–MXene heterostructures achieve a high turnover frequency of 2.93 s−1. This comprehensive study highlights the potential of utilizing 2DM nanoconfinement to synthesize metal nanostructures for catalysts and beyond.
Ultra‐Thin Cubic Ti3Al Buffer/Template Layer Achieving Giant Polarization of Epitaxial Pb(Zr0.40Ti0.60)O3 Film
Authors: Guo Jianxin , Wang Fu , Duo Zhijin , Sun Yong , Song Jianmin , Hou Yue , Dai Xiuhong , Zhao Wenze , Yan Shuai , Hu Xin , Lou Jianzhong , Wang Yinglong , Shi Shu , Chen Jingsheng , Liu Baoting , Yan Xiaobing
Published: December 2024

Interface strain significantly affects polarization in ferroelectric devices. In this paper, an innovative strategy is proposed to substantially enhance ferroelectric polarization using an ultra‐thin “soft‐buffer‐layer” (SBL), which reduces dislocation density and increases the tetragonality of ferroelectric thin films because of small elastic constants of Ti3Al along x and y axes. And in this work, it is demonstrated that PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 (PZT) thin films are perfect c‐axis‐oriented epitaxial structures on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The PZT capacitor with Ti3Al buffer layer exhibits a remarkable remnant polarization, reaching up to 131.93 µC cm−2 at an applied voltage of 5.00 V. Surprisingly, under the clamping effect of SrRuO3 and STO, Ti3Al films exhibit cubic structure and facilitate matching to the PZT film. It is proposed that the introduction of the Ti3Al buffer layer notably improves the tetragonality (c/a) ratio from 1.002 to 1.024, and significantly enhancing the polarization. There is no doubt that this adjustment reduces dislocation density and decreases stress influence from STO substrate. Given these advantages, the SBL method presents a compelling option for epitaxial PZT films, and also for enhancing the physical properties of other functional thin film materials.
Polyanionic Electrolyte Ionization Desalination Empowers Continuous Solar Evaporation Performance
Authors: Lv Fengyong , Miao Jie , Wang Zhongyu , Hu Jing , Orejon Daniel
Published: December 2024

Solar evaporation contributes to sustainable and environmentally friendly production of fresh water from seawater and wastewater. However, poor salt resistance and high degree of corrosion of traditional evaporators in brine make their implementation in real applications scarce. To overcome such deficiency, a polyanionic electrolyte functionalization strategy empowering excellent uniform desalination performance over extended periods of time is exploited. This 3D superhydrophilic graphene oxide solar evaporator design ensures stable water supply by the enhanced self‐driving liquid capillarity and absorption at the evaporation interface as well as efficient vapor diffusion. Meanwhile, the polyanionic electrolyte functionalization implemented via layer‐by‐layer static deposition of polystyrene sodium sulfonate effectively regulates/minimizes the flux of salt ions by exploiting the Donnan equilibrium effect, which eventually hinders local salt crystallization during long‐term operation. Stable evaporation rates in line with the literature of up to 1.68 kg m−2 h−1 are achieved for up to 10 days in brine (15‰ salinity) and for up to 3 days in seawater from Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea (9‰ salinity); while, maintaining evaporation efficiencies of ≈90%. This work demonstrates the excellent benefits of polyanionic electrolyte functionalization as salt resistance strategy for the development of high‐performance solar powered seawater desalination technology and others.
A Rapidly Assembled and Camouflage‐Monitoring‐protection Integrated Modular Unit
Authors: Zhao Yue , Tan Shujuan , Yu Jiwen , Yu Ruoling , Xu Tong , Zheng Jing , Ji Guangbin
Published: December 2024

Optical‐electromagnetic compatible devices are urgently required in intelligent building monitors and cross‐band protection. Meanwhile, the insufficient systematicness and semi‐empirical attempts significantly limit the prosperity of cross‐band materials, causing enormous challenges for deviceization and material database construction. Herein, the systematical component‐deviceization‐machine learning prediction‐array construction strategy is attempted to solve the bottleneck issues. A luminance‐triggered camouflage‐monitoring‐protection triune integrated modular unit (IMU) is hierarchically encapsulated to simultaneously achieve efficient anti‐electromagnetic interference (EMI), light‐absorbing, quick gradient‐colorization response. Moreover, an illumination intensity dataset and a surrogate model based on fully connected neural network fitting (FCNN‐fitting) are constructed, which accurately predicts the light‐absorbing property of IMUs and can be instructional for material selection. The IMUs are specifically assembled into a 4*4 array, aiming at multi‐scenario application of programmable display, camouflage pattern, surface conformality, and rapid replaceability. This work paves the path and provides a promising strategy for optical‐electromagnetic compatibility and material genetics‐deviceization‐array systematization.
Reversible Manipulation of Polar Topologies in Oxide Ferroelectrics via Electric Fields
Authors: Feng Yan‐Peng , Wu Han , Zhu Yin‐Lian , Wang Yu‐Jia , Tang Yun‐Long , Ma Xiu‐Liang
Published: December 2024

Polar topologies show great potentials in memories and other nano‐micro devices. To integrate with silicon conducting circuits, it is vital to understand the dynamic evolution and the transformation of different domain configurations under external stimulus. Here in situ transmission electron microscopy is performed and the electrically controlled creation and annihilation of large‐scale polar flux‐closure array from typical c/a domains in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 bilayers is directly observed. It is found that the transformation is reversible after removal of external electric fields. Increasing external electric fields on (PbTiO3/SrTiO3)5 multilayered films, it is further found that the flux‐closure domains are nucleated and propagated via the steps of first the formation of new c domains and then connection with neighboring c domains. The transition from a/c domains to flux‐closure arrays under electric fields is collaborated with evaluating energy variations by phase‐field simulations in which the electrostatic energy plays an important role. These results demonstrate the polar topologies can be reversibly manipulated by external stimuli, which sheds light on further understanding the dynamics behavior of polar topologies and helps for future nanoelectric applications.
Constructing High‐Performance Composite Epoxy Resins: Interfacial π‐π Stacking Interactions‐Driven Physical Rolling Behavior of Silica Microspheres
Authors: Tang Qiaolin , Li Yanqi , Liu Jingya , Li Heshuang , Peng Qiang , Kang Ming , Kang Tianyi , Chang Guanjun
Published: December 2024

The intrinsic compromise between strength and toughness in composite epoxy resins significantly constrains their practical applications. In this study, a novel strategy is introduced, leveraging interfacial π‐π stacking interactions to induce the “rolling behavior” of microsphere fillers, thereby facilitating efficient energy dissipation. This approach is corroborated through theoretical simulations and experimental validation. The resulting composite epoxy resin demonstrates an impressive 49.8% enhancement in strength and a remarkable 358.9% improvement in toughness compared to conventional epoxy resins, accompanied by substantially reduced hysteresis. Moreover, this system achieves reversible closed‐loop recyclability and rapid repair capabilities. The preliminary demonstration of “force‐temperature equivalence” further establishes a novel pathway for the design of high‐performance composite epoxy materials.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Regioselective C−H alkylation and alkenylation of 2‐Aryl Heterocycles using Dual Catalysis
Authors: Bhawale Rajesh T. , Chillal Abhinay S. , Kshirsagar Umesh A.
Published: December 2024

Visible light‐induced site‐selective C−H alkylation and alkenylation of 2‐aryl heteroarenes with maleimides at room temperature via dual catalysis in an aqueous medium has been disclosed. This operationally simple and mild approach enables the selective formation of alkylation and alkenylation products up to 92% yield under silver‐free conditions with excellent substrate scope. For the mechanistic examination, KIE, H/D labeling experiments, light on‐off experiments, and quantum yield measurements were carried out. Moreover, the present approach for the alkylation and alkenylation of 2‐aryl heteroarenes is suitable for scalable synthesis.
Accurate Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Infections Using Host Response and Respiratory Microbiome from a Single Metatranscriptome Test of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Zou Xiaohui , Yan Mengwei , Wang Yeming , Ni Yawen , Zhao Jiankang , Lu Binghuai , Liu Bo , Cao Bin
Published: December 2024

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) diagnosis is challenging because noninfectious diseases mimic its clinical features. The altered host response and respiratory microbiome following LRTIs have the potential to differentiate LRTIs from noninfectious respiratory diseases (non‐LRTIs). Patients suspected of having LRTIs are retrospectively enrolled and a clinical metatranscriptome test is performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Transcriptomic and metagenomic analysis profiled the host response and respiratory microbiome in patients with confirmed LRTI (n = 126) or non‐LRTIs (n = 75). Patients with evidenced LRTIs exhibited enhanced pathways on chemokine and cytokine response, neutrophile recruitment and activation, along with specific gene modules linked to LRTIs status and key blood markers. Moreover, LRTIs patients exhibited reduced diversity and evenness in the lower respiratory microbiome, likely driven by an increased abundance of bacterial pathogens. Host marker genes are selected, and classifiers are developed to distinguish patients with LRTIs, non‐LRTIs, and indeterminate status, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 to 0.86 and validated in a subsequently enrolled cohort. Incorporating respiratory microbiome features further enhanced the classifier's performance. In summary, a single metatranscriptome test of BALF proved detailed profiles of host response and respiratory microbiome, enabling accurate LRTIs diagnosis.
Brain‐Computer Interfaces Using Flexible Electronics: An a‐IGZO Front‐End for Active ECoG Electrodes
Authors: van Oosterhout Kyle , Chilundo Ashley , Branco Mariana P. , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Timmermans Martijn , Fattori Marco , Ramsey Nick F. , Cantatore Eugenio
Published: December 2024

Brain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) are evolving toward higher electrode count and fully implantable solutions, which require extremely low power densities (<15mW cm−2). To achieve this target, and allow for a large and scalable number of channels, flexible electronics can be used as a multiplexing interface. This work introduces an active analog front‐end fabricated with amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinx‐Oxide (a‐IGZO) Thin‐Film Transistors (TFTs) on foil capable of active matrix multiplexing. The circuit achieves only 70nV per sqrt(Hz) input referred noise, consuming 46µW, or 3.5mW cm−2. It demonstrates for the first time in literature a flexible front‐end with a noise efficiency factor comparable with Silicon solutions (NEF = 9.8), which is more than 10X lower compared to previously reported flexible front‐ends. These results have been achieved using a modified bootstrap‐load amplifier. The front end is tested by playing through it recordings obtained from a conventional BCI system. A gesture classification based on the flexible front‐end outputs achieves 94% accuracy. Using a flexible active front end can improve the state‐of‐the‐art in high channel count BCI systems by lowering the multiplexer noise and enabling larger areas of the brain to be monitored while reducing power density. Therefore, this work enables a new generation of high channel‐count active BCI electrode grids.
Microfluidic Electrospinning Core–Shell Nanofibers for Anti‐Corrosion Coatings With Efficient Self‐Healing Properties
Authors: Tang Qingqing , Ji Cuiping , Wei Guoying , Hu Jing , Chang Feifan , Zhu Benfeng , Ren Li , Peng Dongliang
Published: December 2024

Self‐healing materials have been extensively explored in metal anti‐corrosion fields. However, improving the self‐healing efficiency remains a significant work that severely limits their further development. Here, a strategy to fabricate anti‐corrosion coatings with efficient self‐healing properties based on microfluidic electrospinning technologies and UV‐curable healing agents is reported. The damaged composite coating contains core–shell nanofibers that can be completely healed within only 30 min, indicating an outstanding healing efficiency. The corrosion current density (Icorr) of the composite coatings containing core–shell nanofibers (abbreviated as composite coatings) is lower than the coatings without any fibers (abbreviated as pure resin coatings) during the test of repeated damage and healing cycles, showing superior resistance to corrosion and repeated self‐healing property. The composite coating has even better mechanical properties such as tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength than the pure resin coating, which are explained by simulating the deformation process. These excellent properties greatly improve the practicability of self‐healing coatings in the application of anti‐corrosion, especially in some special fields.
Interfacial Engineering to Fabricate Nanoporous FeMo Bimetallic Nitride for Enhanced Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Fang Bin , Zhao Liyuan , Li Yanqin , Yin Nianliang , Wang Xin , Jin Jutao , Wang Wenlong
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) currently represents a green and sustainable approach to ammonia production. However, the further progress of NRR is significantly hampered by poor catalytic activity and selectivity, necessitating the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Herein, a nanoporous Fe–Mo bimetallic nitride (Fe3N‐MoN) is synthesized using a molten‐salt preparation method. This catalyst demonstrates notable NRR performance, achieving a high NH3 yield rate of 45.1 µg h−1 mg−1 and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 26.5% at −0.2 V (vs RHE) under ambient conditions. Detailed experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the fabricated interface between Fe3N and MoN effectively modulates the surface electronic structure of the catalyst. The interface induces an increase in the degree of electron deficiency at the nitrogen‐vacancy sites on the catalyst surface, allowing N2 molecules to occupy the nitrogen vacancies more easily, thereby promoting N2 adsorption/activation during the NRR process. Consequently, the Fe3N‐MoN catalyst exhibits outstanding NRR activity. The insights gained from fabricating the Fe3N‐MoN interface in this work pave the way for further development of interfacial engineering to prepare high‐efficient electrocatalyst.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System Certification Program on Firm Work Injury Rates in Alberta, Canada
Authors: McLeod Christopher B. , Macpherson Robert A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) certification programs have the potential to improve workplace health and safety. In Canada, the Certificate of Recognition (COR) program is an example of such program and has been introduced in many industries and provinces. This study's objective was to identify whether the implementation of the COR program led to greater reduction in firm work‐related injuries in Alberta, Canada.

Methods

Using firm‐ and claim‐level data from the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta and COR registration data from Government of Alberta, the effect of becoming COR‐certified on firm‐level injury rates was assessed using a matched difference‐in‐differences study design with population‐averaged negative binomial regression models.

Results

A total of 14,377 certified firms were matched with 11,338 non‐certified firms during the years 2000 to 2015. Firms that became certified had a greater reduction in the lost‐time injury rate (IRR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.83−0.88) and disabling injury rate (IRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94−1.00) relative to the change in injury rates among similar non‐certified firms. The effectiveness of OHSMS certification was strongest in the transportation, manufacturing and trade sectors, in more recent years, and among firms certified using the standard COR program as opposed to the program adapted for small employers.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that COR can be an effective program, but that the effectiveness of this program is dependent on the context in which it is implemented, such as the industry sector, time period, and type of audit program.
Yawn Contagion and Modality‐Matching in the Female‐Bonded Society of Geladas (Theropithecus gelada)
Authors: Pedruzzi Luca , Oliveri Paolo , Francesconi Martina , Lemasson Alban , Palagi Elisabetta
Published: December 2024

Behavioral contagion is widespread in primates, with yawn contagion (YC) being a well‐known example. Often associated with ingroup dynamics and synchronization, the possible functions and evolutionary pathways of YC remain subjects of active debate. Among nonhuman animals, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) are the only species known to occasionally emit a distinct vocalization while yawning. Yet, the role of different sensory modalities in YC remains poorly understood. Due to their social and communicative complexity, geladas serve as an excellent model for investigating the effects of multimodality and social factors on behavioral contagion. Here we studied a large zoo‐housed colony of geladas (103 subjects, 1422 yawns) and confirm the previous evidence for visual and auditory YC. Hearing, seeing, or hearing and seeing yawns significantly triggered contagious yawning at comparable levels. Additionally, we found no evidence of laterality influencing responses based on the side of detection. While the social bond, measured via grooming, between the trigger and receiver did not correlate with YC, a consistent sex effect emerged. Females responded more frequently to female than to male yawns and were more likely to match modality (i.e., vocalized vs. nonvocalized) and mirror morphology of other females' yawns. Effective female‐female communication and affiliation are crucial for maintaining cohesion and fostering strong intra‐unit relationships among geladas. Our results underscore the importance of different sensory components in the distribution of YC, particularly for species living in complex social systems. These findings raise further questions about the functional and emotional significance of yawning and potential inter‐sexual differences, suggesting that the phenomenon is more complex than previously thought.
A map of relational possibilities: Translating theory into practice
Authors: Walker Joanne , Coventry Liz
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an outline of a novel approach to explain the complexity of human relationships. A map of relational possibilities was developed by the first author to explain complex theoretical concepts to their clients in a private practice. It describes the process of what an infant will do to manage relationally traumatic situations where their caregivers have failed to consistently scaffold the infant's fear management system or meet the requirements to ensure a robust sense of self develops. The map also describes the nature of relationships between individuals with differentiated selves. This paper then discusses how the map manages to bridge the research–practice gap in a unique way using everyday language to describe processes that are familiar to every human in managing complex relational dynamics.
Recent Advances, Applications, and Challenges in Superabsorbent Polymers to Support Water Sustainability
Authors: Batara Budiman , Steven Soen , Mulyana Mulyana , Saputra Angga Sena , Hutahaean Agatha Cecilia , Yemensia Elsye Veradika , Soekotjo Ernie S. A. , Abidin Akhmad Zainal , Graha Hafis Pratama Rendra
Published: December 2024

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can absorb and retain water thousands fold their weight, so it is believed can overcome water depletion issues. However, the applications are dominantly found in daily consumer goods, while still limited especially in agricultural and environmental sectors. This review aims to provide insights into the preparation, synthesis, key properties, recent applications, and challenges of SAPs targeted to support water sustainability. The resources for SAPs synthesis are cellulose, chitin, chitosan (as natural‐based), and polyacrylate (as synthetic‐based). Likewise, semi‐synthetic SAPs have also been explored by graft copolymerization and crosslinking between natural and synthetic resources. Several key properties in SAPs are absorption capacity, biodegradability, antibacterial capabilities, swelling properties, and grain size. It is found that cellulose‐based SAPs have high water absorption capacity and biodegradability, chitosan‐based SAPs are superior in biodegradability and antibacterial capabilities, and polyacrylate‐based SAPs are eminent in water absorption capacity. As a further recommendation, cellulose‐based SAPs from plants or seaweeds can be a solution to replace synthetic polymer materials that are not environmentally friendly while supporting sustainable agricultural needs. The properties of SAPs, including salt resistance, should also be rectified by physicochemical modifications to overcome dynamic agricultural conditions by means of soil moisture, soil salinity, and microclimate alterations.
The measurement of valuation
Authors: Evangelidis Ioannis , Jung Minah H. , Moon Alice
Published: December 2024

Researchers often wish to understand how much consumers value a product. To do this, they need to decide on the best way to determine these valuations. Past research in social sciences has developed various elicitation tasks to capture valuations. In this paper, we review that research and offer guidelines for best practices in measuring valuations. We begin with a discussion of the challenges in gauging valuations. We then critically review the different methods for measuring valuations, discussing the strengths and limitations of each. From this review, we develop guidelines for designing studies to assess valuations. Our guidelines focus on three key considerations: (1) selecting the sample for eliciting valuations, (2) determining how to present information to participants, and (3) taking into account research goals and constraints. Our aim is to improve the quality of studies measuring valuations, helping researchers draw more accurate inferences from their work.