bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in 2D/2D Z‐Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Zhang Qingzhe , Ma Dongling
Published: September 2020

Semiconductor‐based photocatalysis technology has attracted widespread attention due to its great potential for solving both energy and environmental problems through direct utilization of inexhaustible solar energy. Among various photocatalysts, 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunctions exhibit superior performance in various photocatalytic applications, due to their large interfacial contact and rapid Z‐scheme charge transfer with the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers and maximized redox ability. In this review, the historical development of, requirements for the formation of, and identification methods of Z‐scheme heterojunctions are first introduced, followed by the summary of important advantages of 2D materials and 2D/2D heterojunctions in photocatalysis. Subsequently, a special focus is put on the recent advances of 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications, including photocatalytic H2 production, CO2 reduction, and degradation of pollutants. Finally, a brief summary and perspectives on the challenges and future research topics of 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are presented.
Structural behavior of multifunctional inhomogeneous infra‐lightweight concrete elements
Authors: Lösch Claudia , Richter Arno , Schlaich Mike
Published: September 2020

The reduction of energy and resources consumption in the building sector is of crucial importance. One way to approach this challenge is the development of high‐performance materials to increase efficiency. In the research project “MultiLC” (Multifunctional lightweight concrete elements with inhomogeneous properties) highly efficient Infra‐Lightweight Concrete (ILC) elements with varying properties over the cross‐section and further functions, for example, active thermal insulation or photocatalytic air purification, were developed. Besides investigations in concrete technology and building physics, the structural behavior of inhomogeneous ILC‐elements was examined. This paper summarizes the analytical and experimental methods used to investigate the structural behavior of wall and beam specimens and wall‐to‐slab connections. It was found that the stiffness method is a reasonable approach to calculate the maximum load‐bearing capacity of the inhomogeneous ILC elements. Recommendations could be formulated for ultimate design values. Also, the feasibility of a fixed connection between a normal concrete slab and a multi‐layered ILC‐wall was shown.
The regularity of semi‐hyperbolic patches near sonic curves for the two‐dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Lai Geng
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with the regularity of semi‐hyperbolic patches near sonic curves for the two‐dimensional (2D) compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. A semi‐hyperbolic patch is a flow in a region in which one family out of two families of wave characteristics start on sonic curve and end on transonic shock. This type of flow patterns appear frequently in solutions of 2D Riemann problems and transonic flow problems. In a recent study by Chen and Lai (Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 18, 943–958 (2019)), we constructed a semi‐ hyperbolic patch for the 2D compressible MHD equations. In this paper, we derive a group of characteristic decompositions for the 2D MHD equations and show that the solution constructed in Chen and Lai (Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 18, 943–958 (2019)) is smooth up to the sonic curve and the sonic curve is C1 continuous.
Density Estimation is Influenced More by Mass When Objects are Denser
Authors: Merken Lara , van Polanen Vonne
Published: September 2020

When judging the heaviness of objects, the perceptual estimate can be influenced by the object’s density next to its mass. In the present study, we investigated whether density estimates might be similarly affected by object mass. Participants lifted objects of different sizes and masses in a virtual reality environment and estimated the density. We found that density perception was influenced both by density and mass, but not for the lowest density value, which could be perceived correctly. A modelling procedure on fitted slopes through the different objects revealed that density contributed 56% to the density estimate. However, if low- and high-density values were modelled separately, contributions of 100% and 41% were found for the low and high densities, respectively. These results indicate that perception of heaviness and density are closely related but can be better distinguished with objects of lower density and mass.
LinkRing: A Wearable Haptic Display for Delivering Multi-contact and Multi-modal Stimuli at the Finger Pads
Authors: Ivanov Aysien , Trinitatova Daria , Tsetserukou Dzmitry
Published: September 2020

LinkRing is a novel wearable tactile display for providing multi-contact and multi-modal stimuli at the finger. The system of two five-bar linkage mechanisms is designed to operate with two independent contact points, which combined can provide such stimulation as shear force and twist stimuli, slippage, and pressure. The proposed display has a lightweight and easy to wear structure. Two experiments were carried out in order to determine the sensitivity of the finger surface, the first one aimed to determine the location of the contact points, and the other for discrimination the slippage with varying rates. The results of the experiments showed a high level of pattern recognition.
Multi-particle finite-volume effects for hexagon tessellations
Authors: de Leeuw Marius , Eden Burkhard , le Plat Dennis , Meier Tim , Sfondrini Alessandro
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Correlation functions of gauge-invariant composite operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory can be computed by integrability using triangulations. The elementary tile in this process is the hexagon, which should be glued by appropriately inserting resolutions of the identity involving virtual (“mirror”) magnons. We consider this problem for five-point functions of protected operators. At one-loop in the ’t Hooft coupling, it is necessary to glue three adjacent tiles which involves two virtual magnons scattering among each other. We show that the result can be simplified by using an adapted mirror rotation and employing appropriate summation techniques. The mirror-particle contributions then yield hyperlogarithms of weight two. Finally, we use these results to investigate braiding prescriptions introduced in earlier work on the problem.
Knochentransplantation oder Biomaterial?
Authors: Rupp Markus , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Klute Lisa , Frank Leona , Alt Volker
Published: September 2020

Fragestellung

Ziel der Arbeit war es, (1) die Gesamtzahl der operativen Eingriffe mit autologer bzw. allogener Knochentransplantation sowie Biomaterialien zu analysieren. (2) Es sollten die unterschiedlichen Arten von Biomaterialien, autologen und allogenen Knochentransplantationen untersucht und (3) die zusätzliche Anwendung eines Antibiotikumzusatzes bei Biomaterialien analysiert werden.

Methodik

Daten wurden vom Statistischen Bundesamt für das Jahr 2018 bezogen. Durch die Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel 5‑784 „Knochentransplantation und -transposition“ und 5‑785 „Implantation von alloplastischem Knochenersatz“ konnten die Prozedurhäufigkeit der Implantation von Biomaterialien, wie Kalziumphosphatkeramiken, Kalziumsulfate, Kalziumphosphatzemente und Polymethylmethacrylat, sowie autologem und allogenem Knochen zur Defektrekonstruktion an Extremitäten und Becken analysiert werden.

Ergebnisse

Im Jahr 2018 wurden insgesamt 99.863 Prozeduren unter Verwendung von Autografts (54.784, 55 %). Biomaterialien (23.838, 24 %) und Allografts (21.241, 21 %) durchgeführt. Sowohl bei Autografts als auch bei Allografts kamen am häufigsten Spongiosaplastiken (77 % resp. 79 %) zum Einsatz. Bei den Biomaterialien wurden Keramiken (42 %) häufiger als Knochenzemente (37 %) benutzt (sonstige Biomaterialien 21 %). Bei 16.027 (67 %) der Biomaterialien wurde kein Antibiotikumzusatz verwendet. Antibiotikumzusatz kam v. a. bei Knochenzementen zum Einsatz (6612 Fälle, 75 %).

Schlussfolgerung

Im Jahr 2018 wurden insgesamt bei einer beträchtlichen Anzahl von 99.863 Eingriffen zur Knochendefektrekonstruktion Knochentransplantate bzw. Biomaterialien eingesetzt. Bei mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle wurde autologer Knochen (55 %), ungefähr einem Viertel Biomaterialien (24 %) und etwa einem Fünftel (21 %) allogener Knochen eingesetzt. Als Biomaterial wurden Keramiken (42 %) öfter als Zemente (37 %) verwendet. Antibiotikumzusatz kam v. a. bei Zementen zum Einsatz (75 %).
How agile teams make self-assignment work: a grounded theory study
Authors: Masood Zainab , Hoda Rashina , Blincoe Kelly
Published: September 2020

Self-assignment, a self-directed method of task allocation in which teams and individuals assign and choose work for themselves, is considered one of the hallmark practices of empowered, self-organizing agile teams. Despite all the benefits it promises, agile software teams do not practice it as regularly as other agile practices such as iteration planning and daily stand-ups, indicating that it is likely not an easy and straighforward practice. There has been very little empirical research on self-assignment. This Grounded Theory study explores how self-assignment works in agile projects. We collected data through interviews with 42 participants representing 28 agile teams from 23 software companies and supplemented these interviews with observations. Based on rigorous application of Grounded Theory analysis procedures such as open, axial, and selective coding, we present a comprehensive grounded theory of making self-assignment work that explains the (a) context and (b) causal conditions that give rise to the need for self-assignment, (c) a set of facilitating conditions that mediate how self-assignment may be enabled, (d) a set of constraining conditions that mediate how self-assignment may be constrained and which are overcome by a set of (e) strategies applied by agile teams, which in turn result in (f) a set of consequences, all in an attempt to make the central phenomenon, self-assignment, work. The findings of this study will help agile practitioners and companies understand different aspects of self-assignment and practice it with confidence regularly as a valuable practice. Additionally, it will help teams already practicing self-assignment to apply strategies to overcome the challenges they face on an everyday basis.
Indicators of Healthy Architecture—a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rice Louis , Drane Mark
Published: September 2020

The design of the built environment plays an important role as a determinant of health. As a society, we are spending an increasing proportion of our time indoors and now spend over 80% of our life inside, so the design of buildings can greatly impact on human health. Accordingly, architecture health indices (AHIs) are used to evidence the effects on human health associated with the design of buildings. AHIs provide quantitative and empirical data upon which architects, clients, users and other stakeholders might monitor and evaluate the healthiness (or otherwise) of architectural design. A systematic literature review was conducted to reveal the current state of knowledge, reveal gaps, explore potential usage and highlight best practice in this area. Whilst there are a number of different health indicators for the built/urban environments more generally, the scope of this review is limited to the scale of a building and specifically those aspects within the remit of a professional architect. In order to examine the range and characteristics of AHIs currently in use, this review explored three electronic bibliographic databases from January 2008 to January 2019. A two-stage selection was undertaken and screening against eligibility criteria checklist carried out. From 15 included studies, 127 documents were identified, and these included 101 AHI. A sample of the most commonly used AHIs was then analysed at an item level. The review reveals that most AHIs are limited to measuring communicable diseases that directly affect physical health through e.g. air quality or water quality. There are very few indicators focusing on factors affecting mental and social health; given the increase in mental and social health problems, greater focus on AHIs related to these health issues should be included. Furthermore, the research reveals an absence of AHIs that address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As the majority of all poor health outcomes globally are now related to NCDs, and many are associated with the design of the built environment, there is an urgent need to address this situation.
Fast automatic camera network calibration through human mesh recovery
Authors: Garau Nicola , De Natale Francesco G. B. , Conci Nicola
Published: September 2020

Camera calibration is a necessary preliminary step in computer vision for the estimation of the position of objects in the 3D world. Despite the intrinsic camera parameters can be easily computed offline, extrinsic parameters need to be computed each time a camera changes its position, thus not allowing for fast and dynamic network re-configuration. In this paper we present an unsupervised and automatic framework for the estimation of the extrinsic parameters of a camera network, which leverages on optimised 3D human mesh recovery from a single image, and which does not require the use of additional markers. We show how it is possible to retrieve the real-world position of the cameras in the network together with the floor plane, exploiting regular RGB images and with a weak prior knowledge of the internal parameters. Our framework can also work with a single camera and in real-time, allowing the user to add, re-position, or remove cameras from the network in a dynamic fashion.
Gradient of Residual Stress and Lattice Parameter in Mechanically Polished Tungsten Measured Using Classical X-rays and Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Oponowicz Adrian , Marciszko-Wiąckowska Marianna , Baczmański Andrzej , Klaus Manuela , Genzel Christoph , Wroński Sebastian , Kollbek Kamila , Wróbel Mirosław
Published: September 2020

In this work, the stress gradient in mechanically polished tungsten sample was studied using X-ray diffraction methods. To determine in-depth stress evolution in the very shallow subsurface region (up to 10 μm), special methods based on reflection geometry were applied. The subsurface stresses (depth up to 1 μm) were measured using the multiple-reflection grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method with classical characteristic X-rays, while the deeper volumes (depth up to 10 μm) were investigated using energy-dispersive diffraction with white high energy synchrotron beam. Both complementary methods allowed for determining in-depth stress profile and the evolution of stress-free lattice parameter. It was confirmed that the crystals of tungsten are elastically isotropic, which simplifies the stress analysis and makes tungsten a suitable material for testing stress measurement methods. Furthermore, it was found that an important compressive stress of about − 1000 MPa was generated on the surface of the mechanically polished sample, and this stress decreases to zero value at the depth of about 9 μm. On the other hand, the strain-free lattice parameter does not change significantly in the examined subsurface region.
Levomepromazine and clozapine induce the main human cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4
Authors: Danek Przemysław J. , Basińska-Ziobroń Agnieszka , Wójcikowski Jacek , Daniel Władysława A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of many important endogenous substrates (steroids, melatonin), drugs and toxic xenobiotics. Their induction accelerates drug metabolism and elimination. The present study aimed at examining the inducing abilities of two antipsychotic drugs levomepromazine and clozapine for the main CYPs.

Methods

The experiments were performed using cryopreserved human hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity of levomepromazine and clozapine was assessed after exposure to the neuroleptics (LDH test). CYP activities were measured in the incubation medium using the CYP-specific reactions: caffeine 3-N-demethylation (CYP1A1/2), diclofenac 4′-hydroxylation (CYP2C9), perazine N-demethylation (CYP2C19) and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation (CYP3A4). In parallel, CYP mRNA levels were measured in neuroleptic-treated hepatocytes.

Results

The results indicate that levomepromazine and clozapine induce the expression of main CYP enzyme CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. Levomepromazine and clozapine at concentrations of 2.5 and 10 µM, respectively, caused a significant increase in the mRNA level and activity of CYP3A4. Both neuroleptics did not produce any changes in CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.

Conclusion

Levomepromazine and clozapine induce CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes in vitro. Further in vivo studies are advisable to confirm the CYP3A4 induction by levomepromazine and clozapine in the liver, and to assess the effect of these drugs on their own metabolism and on the biotransformation of other co-administered drugs which are the CYP3A4 substrates.
Forgotten Wishes: End-of-Life Documents for Trans People with Dementia at the Margins of Legal Change
Authors: Baril Alexandre , Silverman Marjorie , Gauthier Marie-Claire , Lévesque Maude
Published: September 2020

Literature on the topic of trans older adults has documented a few anecdotal cases in which some trans people living with dementia forgot they transitioned and reidentified with their sex assigned at birth (“detransition”). Trans communities and their allies have encouraged trans people to engage in end-of-life planning, including the preparation of legal documents that state their wishes regarding gender identity and expression in the event of “incapacity” caused by dementia. While useful, we contend that end-of-life planning is often implicitly based on cisnormative and cognonormative (normative system based on cognitive abilities) assumptions. Such planning is founded on a stable notion of gender identity throughout the life course (“post-transition”) and assumes that the pre-dementia self is better equipped to make decisions than the “demented” self. We conclude by encouraging, based on an intersectional, trans-affirmative, crip-positive, and age-positive approach, respect for the agency of trans people with dementia.
On branching models with alarm triggerings
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe , Utev Sergey
Published: September 2020

We discuss a continuous-time Markov branching model in which each individual can trigger an alarm according to a Poisson process. The model is stopped when a given number of alarms is triggered or when there are no more individuals present. Our goal is to determine the distribution of the state of the population at this stopping time. In addition, the state distribution at any fixed time is also obtained. The model is then modified to take into account the possible influence of death cases. All distributions are derived using probability-generating functions, and the approach followed is based on the construction of families of martingales.
Oscillations for order statistics of some discrete processes
Authors: Ottolini Andrea
Published: September 2020

Suppose k balls are dropped into n boxes independently with uniform probability, where n, k are large with ratio approximately equal to some positive real
$\lambda$
. The maximum box count has a counterintuitive behavior: first of all, with high probability it takes at most two values
$m_n$
or
$m_n+1$
, where
$m_n$
is roughly
$\frac{\ln n}{\ln \ln n}$
. Moreover, it oscillates between these two values with an unusual periodicity. In order to prove this statement and various generalizations, it is first shown that for
$X_1,\ldots,X_n$
independent and identically distributed discrete random variables with common distribution F, under mild conditions, the limiting distribution of their maximum oscillates in three possible families, depending on the tail of the distribution. The result stated at the beginning follows from the ensemble equivalence for the order statistics in various allocations problems, obtained via conditioning limit theory. Results about the number of ties for the maximum, as well as applications, are also provided.
Explicit results on conditional distributions of generalized exponential mixtures
Authors: Klüppelberg Claudia , Seifert Miriam Isabel
Published: September 2020

For independent exponentially distributed random variables
$X_i$
,
$i\in {\mathcal{N}}$
, with distinct rates
${\lambda}_i$
we consider sums
$\sum_{i\in\mathcal{A}} X_i$
for
$\mathcal{A}\subseteq {\mathcal{N}}$
which follow generalized exponential mixture distributions. We provide novel explicit results on the conditional distribution of the total sum
$\sum_{i\in {\mathcal{N}}}X_i$
given that a subset sum
$\sum_{j\in \mathcal{A}}X_j$
exceeds a certain threshold value
$t>0$
, and vice versa. Moreover, we investigate the characteristic tail behavior of these conditional distributions for
$t\to\infty$
. Finally, we illustrate how our probabilistic results can be applied in practice by providing examples from both reliability theory and risk management.
On the behavior of the failure rate and reversed failure rate in engineering systems
Authors: Tavangar Mahdi
Published: September 2020

In this paper the behaviour of the failure rate and reversed failure rate of an n-component coherent system is studied, where it is assumed that the lifetimes of the components are independent and have a common cumulative distribution function F. Sufficient conditions are provided under which the system failure rate is increasing and the corresponding reversed failure rate is decreasing. We also study the stochastic and ageing properties of doubly truncated random variables for coherent systems.
Stochastic comparisons of largest-order statistics for proportional reversed hazard rate model and applications
Authors: Li Lu , Wu Qinyu , Mao Tiantian
Published: September 2020

We investigate stochastic comparisons of parallel systems (corresponding to the largest-order statistics) with respect to the reversed hazard rate and likelihood ratio orders for the proportional reversed hazard rate (PRHR) model. As applications of the main results, we obtain the equivalent characterizations of stochastic comparisons with respect to the reversed hazard rate and likelihood rate orders for the exponentiated generalized gamma and exponentiated Pareto distributions. Our results recover and strengthen some recent results in the literature.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF SKOLEM’S EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: BERARDUCCI ALESSANDRO , MAMINO MARCELLO
Published: September 2020

Skolem (1956) studied the germs at infinity of the smallest class of real valued functions on the positive real line containing the constant
$1$
, the identity function
${\mathbf {x}}$
, and such that whenever f and g are in the set,
$f+g,fg$
and
$f^g$
are in the set. This set of germs is well ordered and Skolem conjectured that its order type is epsilon-zero. Van den Dries and Levitz (1984) computed the order type of the fragment below
$2^{2^{\mathbf {x}}}$
. Here we prove that the set of asymptotic classes within any Archimedean class of Skolem functions has order type
$\omega $
. As a consequence we obtain, for each positive integer n, an upper bound for the fragment below
$2^{n^{\mathbf {x}}}$
. We deduce an epsilon-zero upper bound for the fragment below
$2^{{\mathbf {x}}^{\mathbf {x}}}$
, improving the previous epsilon-omega bound by Levitz (1978). A novel feature of our approach is the use of Conway’s surreal number for asymptotic calculations.
INFINITARY GENERALIZATIONS OF DELIGNE’S COMPLETENESS THEOREM
Authors: ESPÍNDOLA CHRISTIAN
Published: September 2020

Given a regular cardinal
$\kappa $
such that
$\kappa ^{<\kappa }=\kappa $
(or any regular
$\kappa $
if the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis holds), we study a class of toposes with enough points, the
$\kappa $
-separable toposes. These are equivalent to sheaf toposes over a site with
$\kappa $
-small limits that has at most
$\kappa $
many objects and morphisms, the (basis for the) topology being generated by at most
$\kappa $
many covering families, and that satisfy a further exactness property T. We prove that these toposes have enough
$\kappa $
-points, that is, points whose inverse image preserve all
$\kappa $
-small limits. This generalizes the separable toposes of Makkai and Reyes, that are a particular case when
$\kappa =\omega $
, when property T is trivially satisfied. This result is essentially a completeness theorem for a certain infinitary logic that we call
$\kappa $
-geometric, where conjunctions of less than
$\kappa $
formulas and existential quantification on less than
$\kappa $
many variables is allowed. We prove that
$\kappa $
-geometric theories have a
$\kappa $
-classifying topos having property T, the universal property being that models of the theory in a Grothendieck topos with property T correspond to
$\kappa $
-geometric morphisms (geometric morphisms the inverse image of which preserves all
$\kappa $
-small limits) into that topos. Moreover, we prove that
$\kappa $
-separable toposes occur as the
$\kappa $
-classifying toposes of
$\kappa $
-geometric theories of at most
$\kappa $
many axioms in canonical form, and that every such
$\kappa $
-classifying topos is
$\kappa $
-separable. Finally, we consider the case when
$\kappa $
is weakly compact and study the
$\kappa $
-classifying topos of a
$\kappa $
-coherent theory (with at most
$\kappa $
many axioms), that is, a theory where only disjunction of less than
$\kappa $
formulas are allowed, obtaining a version of Deligne’s theorem for
$\kappa $
-coherent toposes from which we can derive, among other things, Karp’s completeness theorem for infinitary classical logic.
Metataxonomics contributes to unravel the microbiota of a Brazilian dairy
Authors: Frazilio Diego Araújo , Almeida Otávio Guilherme Gonçalves de , Oliveira Carlos Augusto Fernandes de , Lee Sarah Hwa In , Corassin Carlos Humberto , Alves Virgínia Farias , De Martinis Elaine Cristina Pereira
Published: September 2020

For this research communication, 90 samples of a Brazilian dairy were combined into four groups (raw material, final product, food-contact and non-food contact surfaces) and analyzed by metataxonomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed high alpha-diversity indexes for final product and non-food contact surfaces but, overall, beta-diversity indexes were low. The samples were separated in two main clusters, and the core microbiota was composed by Macrococcus, Alkaliphilus, Vagococcus, Lactobacillus, Marinilactibacillus, Streptococcus, Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Halomonas, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Psychrobacter. These results highlight that rare taxa occur in dairies, and this may aid the development of strategies for food protection.
REMAKING A MOTET: HOW AND WHEN JOSQUIN’S AVE MARIA … VIRGO SERENA BECAME THE AVE MARIA
Authors: Bokulich Clare
Published: September 2020

How and when did Josquin’s Ave Maria … virgo serena become one of the most famous Renaissance motets? It is widely held that the motet’s modern standing is directly rooted in its Renaissance reception. And yet beyond its relatively robust circulation and placement at the beginning of Petrucci’s first printed book of motets, little evidence remains as to how Josquin’s now-famous motet was perceived during and shortly after the composer’s life. In responding to this paucity of information, Part I of this article traces a reception history for Ave Maria that considers how the motet was reworked in parody masses and motets, analysing the specific ways in which later composers both engaged with and departed from Josquin’s techniques. Part II turns to the work’s modern reception, mining the scholarly literature, survey texts and recordings for clues as to how the motet’s significance has shifted throughout the twentieth century. The article concludes by proposing that this site-specific approach may be useful in comprehending the extensive stylistic changes that occurred between c. 1480 and the mid-sixteenth century.
FRAMING A DITTY FOR ELIZABETH: THOUGHTS ON MUSIC FOR THE 1602 SUMMER PROGRESS
Authors: Duffin Ross W.
Published: September 2020

The summer of 1602 featured a soggy ‘progress’ by Queen Elizabeth to various noble households in the vicinity of London, interspersed with elaborate royal entertainments. In the midst of the formal festivities occurred an enigmatic and apparently distressing incident involving the Queen, her Principal Secretary Robert Cecil, and his niece Elizabeth, Countess of Derby. Cecil hastily used songs to try to win back the lost favour of his Queen, and though his long-mislaid lyrics were identified a quarter-century ago, their music has remained unknown. This article reviews evidence of music for the songs, and for other events during that summer's progress.
Root nouns in Elfdalian: Categorisation and etymology
Authors: Hansen Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard
Published: September 2020

Elsewhere I have proposed a set of rules according to which we may categorise Germanic root nouns into three chronological layers. In this article, I present a synchronic classification of all of the Elfdalian actual and potential root-noun continuants as well as their etymologies and derivational histories in light of this proposal and in order to reveal (i) some interesting aspects of the general processes involved in shifts of inflectional class, and (ii) whether or not some of these processes in Elfdalian when compared to other Nordic varieties may shed light on the cladistical status of Elfdalian within North Germanic. The analysis shows that, while those Elfdalian root-noun continuants whose ancestral forms belong to layers I, IIa and IIb generally remain stable and keep their appurtenance to the root-noun inflectional class, some of the (non-)root-noun continuants actually and potentially belonging to layer III deserve additional attention with regard to this twofold aim.
Resilient managed competition during pandemics: lessons from the Italian experience during COVID-19
Authors: Costa Font Joan , Levaggi Rosella , Turati Gilberto
Published: September 2020

In the last decades, several European health systems have abandoned their vertically integrated health care in favour of some form of managed competition (MC), either in a centralised or decentralised format. However, during a pandemic, MC may put health systems under additional strain as they are designed to follow some form of ‘organisational self-interest’, and hence face reduced incentives for both provider coordination (e.g. temporary hospital close down, change in the case-mix), and information sharing. We illustrate our argument using evidence for the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Italy during March and April 2020, which calls for the development of ‘coordination mechanisms’ at times of a health emergency.
Answers in search of questions: what does the comparison of COVID19 data among regions in Northern Italy tell us?
Authors: Connelly Luke B. , Birch Stephen
Published: September 2020

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, discussions about the capabilities of health and social systems to control and contain infectious diseases have been reignited. In Resilient Managed Competition During Pandemics: Lessons from the Italian Experience, Costa-Font, Turatti and Levaggi ask whether or not institutional differences between the managed competition (MC) systems in three of Italy's regions may have affected their performance – and hence, population health outcomes – during the pandemic. Fuchs (2000) previously argued that institutional arrangements not only ‘matter’, but also sometimes ‘matter a great deal’ (p. 149, emphasis in original) and this may be particularly true in emergencies.
The notion of “protracted armed conflict” in the Rome Statute and the termination of armed conflicts under international law: An analysis of select issues
Authors: Lewis Dustin A.
Published: September 2020

Legal controversies and disagreements have arisen about the timing and duration of numerous contemporary armed conflicts, not least regarding how to discern precisely when those conflicts began and when they ended (if indeed they have ended). The existence of several long-running conflicts – some stretching across decades – and the corresponding suffering that they entail accentuate the stakes of these debates. To help shed light on some select aspects of the duration of contemporary wars, this article analyzes two sets of legal issues: first, the notion of “protracted armed conflict” as formulated in a war-crimes-related provision of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and second, the rules, principles and standards laid down in international humanitarian law and international criminal law pertaining to when armed conflicts have come to an end. The upshot of the analysis is that under existing international law, there is no general category of “protracted armed conflict”; that the question of whether to pursue such a category raises numerous challenges; and that several dimensions of the law concerning the end of armed conflict are unsettled.
International humanitarian law in Colombia: Going a step beyond
Authors: Giraldo Muñoz Marcela , Serralvo Jose
Published: September 2020

Ever since the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Colombia has shifted from one war to the next, be it the War of Independence, the fierce confrontations between liberal and conservative parties or the countless conflicts among guerrillas, paramilitary groups and the State. These wars have brought along a unique contribution to the development of international humanitarian law (IHL). The purpose of this article is to explore the myriad of ways in which Colombia has implemented (and at times made progress on) IHL rules, and to analyze how different conflicts have led the country to explore issues such as the protection of minors, the meaning of the principle of precaution, the compensation of armed conflict victims and the creation of some rather sophisticated transitional justice mechanisms.
Genetic and Environmental Causes of Individual Differences in Borderline Personality Disorder Features and Loneliness are Partially Shared
Authors: Schermer Julie Aitken , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Grasby Katrina L. , Hickie Ian B. , Burns Jane , Ligthart Lannie , Willemsen Gonneke , Trull Timothy J. , Martin Nicholas G. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: September 2020

Loneliness is related to mental and somatic health outcomes, including borderline personality disorder. Here, we analyze the sources of variation that are responsible for the relationship between borderline personality features (including four dimensions, affective instability, identity disturbance, negative relationships, self-harm and a total score) and loneliness. Using genetically informative data from two large nonclinical samples of adult twin pairs from Australia and the Netherlands (N = 11,329), we estimate the phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between self-reported borderline personality features and loneliness. Individual differences in borderline personality and loneliness were best explained by additive genetic factors with heritability estimates h2 = 41% for the borderline personality total score and h2 = 36% for loneliness, with the remaining variation explained by environmental influences that were not shared by twins from the same pair. Genetic and environmental factors influencing borderline personality (total score and four subscales separately) were also partial causes of loneliness. The correlation between loneliness and the borderline personality total score was rph = .51. The genetic correlation was estimated at rg = .64 and the environmental correlation at re = .40. Our study suggests common etiological factors in loneliness and borderline personality features.
MentalGestärkt – Psychische Gesundheit im Leistungssport
Authors: Sulprizio Marion , Heese Anna , Herrmann Egbert , Kellmann Michael , Liesenfeld Monika , Weidig Thorsten , Kleinert Jens
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. MentalGestärkt, die Netzwerkinitiative zur Psychischen Gesundheit im Leistungssport, wurde 2011 gegründet und als dezentrale Einrichtung an der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln installiert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Entwicklung und die Arbeitsfelder der Initiative beschrieben sowie die Notwendigkeit der Kooperation von unterschiedlichen Professionen zum Wohle der Athlet_innen deutlich hervorgehoben. Obwohl Leistungssport zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung einen positiven Beitrag leisten kann, sind Athlet_innen nicht vor psychischen Problemen und Erkrankungen geschützt. Die Prävalenzen für Depressionen und Angststörungen sind ähnlich der Normalpopulation, für Essstörungen haben Athlet_innen sogar ein höheres Risiko. MentalGestärkt trägt seit nunmehr neun Jahren in den Arbeitsbereichen ‚Beratung und Vermittlung‘, ‚Information und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit‘, ‚Fortbildungen und Veranstaltungen‘ sowie ‚Früherkennung und Screening‘ zu einer verbesserten Versorgungssituation von Athlet_innen sowie Trainer_innen bei und bildet Multiplikator_innen wie z.B. sportpsychologische Expert_innen im Feld ‚Psychische Gesundheit im Leistungssport‘ weiter.
Ancient “Pickled” Leaves Give a Glimpse of Global Greening
Authors: Evans Kate
Published: September 2020

A unique fossil lake bed in New Zealand has revealed insights into global climate under elevated levels of carbon dioxide but is now off-limits to scientists.
Properties of Solar Wind Structures at Mercury's Orbit
Authors: Diego P. , Piersanti M. , Laurenza M. , Villante U.
Published: September 2020

Mercury's environment is characterized by a high variability and strength of the solar forcing. Its magnetosphere is completely reconfigured even for small changes in the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind (SW) dynamic pressure. Different configurations are due to occurrence of different structures in the SW. Among them, high speed streams from coronal holes, magnetic clouds, and noncompressive density enhancement have been analyzed to better characterize the Hermean conditions, which might be expected during the ongoing BepiColombo mission. Helios 1 and 2 mission data collected between 0.29 and 0.47 AU have been used to perform a statistical analysis of these SW structures. The numerical results reported in the paper, as well as the probability densities displayed in the maps, give more precise indications when associated to a rigorous SW structures selection. The occurrence rate along solar cycle together with the average features of each class of SW structures are useful information for Space Weather topics. Results from the same analysis performed at 1 AU have been used to further verification of the radial behavior of the SW parameters.
Detectability of Melt‐Rich Lenses in Magmatic Reservoirs From Teleseismic Waveform Modeling
Authors: Rasht‐Behesht Majid , Huber Christian , Mancinelli Nicholas J.
Published: September 2020

Seismic imaging is the most commonly used technique to constrain the size, geometry, and current state of active magma reservoirs in the Earth's crust. However, unequivocal detection of eruptible magma bodies (>0.5 melt fraction) have not been reported yet. In this study, using teleseismic waveform modeling applied to synthetic data, we investigate the limitations of seismic inversions on resolving idealized melt‐rich layers with thicknesses smaller than the characteristic wavelength of the teleseismic waves. We show that inverting for melt‐rich layers with thicknesses of about 0.2 km, consistent with the average thickness of erupted layers associated with voluminous caldera eruptions, yields significant underestimation of the inferred melt fractions and overestimation of the thickness of that layer. We further extend our synthetic tests to study the effect of noise, variable thickness of the input melt‐rich layer, and different time windows from the seismograms on the quality of inverted parameters (thickness and melt fraction of the melt‐rich layer). We find that (1) thicker melt‐rich layers can be better resolved, (2) longer time windows (~4–6 s) from seismograms reduce the trade‐off between melt fraction and layer thickness observed in the inversion results, and (3) noise emphasizes the melt fraction‐thickness trade‐off and leads to a bias toward thicker lower melt fraction layers retrieved from the inversions. Our synthetic study therefore supports that the lack of detection of melt‐dominated horizons from seismic inversions does not preclude their existence and can be caused by a current limit in our ability to detect them.
Impact of glycan cloud on the B-cell epitope prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
Authors: Wintjens René , Bifani Amanda Makha , Bifani Pablo
Published: September 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak originated in China in late 2019 and has since spread to pandemic proportions. Diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines are urgently needed. We model the trimeric Spike protein, including flexible loops and all N-glycosylation sites, in order to elucidate accessible epitopes for antibody-based diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccine development. Based on published experimental data, six homogeneous glycosylation patterns and two heterogeneous ones were used for the analysis. The glycan chains alter the accessible surface areas on the S-protein, impeding antibody-antigen recognition. In presence of glycan, epitopes on the S1 subunit, that notably contains the receptor binding domain, remain mostly accessible to antibodies while those present on the S2 subunit are predominantly inaccessible. We identify 28 B-cell epitopes in the Spike structure and group them as non-affected by the glycan cloud versus those which are strongly masked by the glycan cloud, resulting in a list of favourable epitopes as targets for vaccine development, antibody-based therapy and diagnostics.
Organocatalytic enantioselective tandem sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction to access dihydrothiopyran-fused benzosulfolane skeletons bearing three contiguous stereocenters
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhao Jian-Qiang , You Yong , Wang Zhen-Hua , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: September 2020

The first organocatalytic enantioselective tandem sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction of benzo[b]thiophene sulfones was developed for the construction of dihydrothiopyran-fused benzosulfolane skeletons.
Manipulating polyketide stereochemistry by exchange of polyketide synthase modules
Authors: Massicard Jean-Malo , Soligot Claire , Weissman Kira J. , Jacob Christophe
Published: September 2020

Exchange of polyketide synthase (PKS) modules by genetic engineering leads to efficient modification of polyketide stereochemistry.
Polymorphism in 1-methylhydantoin: investigation by periodic DFT calculations and characterization of the third polymorph
Authors: Nogueira Bernardo A. , Milani Alberto , O. Ildiz Gulce , Paixão José A. , Castiglioni Chiara , Fausto Rui
Published: September 2020

In previous studies, two different polymorphs of 1-methylhydantoin were identified (forms I and II) and characterized using infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction. In this work, a new polymorph of the compound (III) is described.
Rational structure design of isoxazolone-based crystals with large second-order optical nonlinearity
Authors: Gao Mingxiao , Zhang Xinyuan , Guo Yangwu , Yao Jiyong , Zhang Guochun , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicheng
Published: September 2020

Two new acentric isoxazolone-based organic crystals of C24H17NO3 (MPFI) and C18H15NO3S (MPMI) were designed and synthesized by a structure fine-tuning strategy.
Reaction heterogeneity in practical high-energy lithium–sulfur pouch cells
Authors: Shi Lili , Bak Seong-Min , Shadike Zulipiya , Wang Chengqi , Niu Chaojiang , Northrup Paul , Lee Hongkyung , Baranovskiy Arthur Y. , Anderson Cassidy S. , Qin Jian , Feng Shuo , Ren Xiaodi , Liu Dianying , Yang Xiao-Qing , Gao Fei , Lu Dongping , Xiao Jie , Liu Jun
Published: September 2020

Reaction heterogeneity was discovered as a main reason for Li–S pouch cell degradation at practical high energy.
Gram-scale synthesis of carbon quantum dots with a large Stokes shift for the fabrication of eco-friendly and high-efficiency luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Zhao Haiguang , Liu Guiju , You Shujie , Camargo Franco V. A. , Zavelani-Rossi Margherita , Wang Xiaohan , Sun Changchun , Liu Bing , Zhang Yuanming , Han Guangting , Vomiero Alberto , Gong Xiao
Published: September 2020

Highly efficient large-area luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) were demonstrated using colloidal C-dots. The large-area LSC (225 cm2) exhibited an external optical efficiency of 2.2% (under natural sun irradiation, 60 mW cm−2).
Recent advances in light-driven C–H bond activation and building C–C bonds with CO2as a feedstock for carbon capture and utilization technology
Authors: Katagiri Takayuki , Amao Yutaka
Published: September 2020

The light-driven CCU with molecular and enzyme-based catalysts for C–H bond activation and building C–C bonds with CO2and photofunctional materials are introduced and discussed the outline of life cycle assessment of a typical system for light-driven CCU systems.
Modulating trans-imination and hydrogenation towards the highly selective production of primary diamines from dialdehydes
Authors: Qi Haifeng , Liu Fei , Zhang Leilei , Li Lin , Su Yang , Yang Jingyi , Hao Rui , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2020

A new strategy for the highly selective production of primary diamines from dialdehydes has been developed.
Positional dependence of particles and cells in microfluidic electrical impedance flow cytometry: origin, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Daguerre Hugo , Solsona Miguel , Cottet Jonathan , Gauthier Michaël , Renaud Philippe , Bolopion Aude
Published: September 2020

In impedance cytometry, particle trajectory can influence the measurements obtained. In this review, the physical grounds of this dependence are explained and both the challenges and the opportunities induced by this phenomenon are discussed.
Ultrathin polarization-insensitive tri-band THz perfect metamaterial absorber
Authors: Liu Zhaomei , Han Xingxing , Wang Aixia
Published: September 2020

In this paper, an ultrathin and polarization-insensitive THz perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) was proposed using the traditional sandwiched structure with circular patch resonators on the top layer. The simulated spectrum shows that the proposed PMA has three distinctive absorption peaks at f1 = 0.8 THz, f2 = 2.28 THz and f3 = 3.62 THz, with absorbance of 96.7%, 97.9% and 99.8%, respectively. The electric field distributions of the PMA reveal that the absorption mainly originates from the standing wave resonances between the top and bottom layers. The proposed PMA is polarization insensitive due to its axisymmetric unit cell structure. By adjusting the structure parameters, the resonance frequency, intensity and Q-factor of absorption peak can be tuned effectively. Our design may find potential applications in THz imaging, sensing and signal detection.