bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid identification of BCR/ABL1‐like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients using a predictive statistical model based on quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction: clinical, prognostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Chiaretti Sabina , Messina Monica , Grammatico Sara , Piciocchi Alfonso , Fedullo Anna L. , Di Giacomo Filomena , Peragine Nadia , Gianfelici Valentina , Lauretti Alessia , Bareja Rohan , Martelli Maria P. , Vignetti Marco , Apicella Valerio , Vitale Antonella , Li Loretta S. , Salek Cyril , Elemento Olivier , Inghirami Giorgio , Weinstock David M. , Guarini Anna , Foà Robin
Published: April 2018

BCR/ABL1‐like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a subgroup of B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia that occurs within cases without recurrent molecular rearrangements. Gene expression profiling (GEP) can identify these cases but it is expensive and not widely available. Using GEP, we identified 10 genes specifically overexpressed by BCR/ABL1‐like ALL cases and used their expression values – assessed by quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (Q‐RT‐PCR) in 26 BCR/ABL1‐like and 26 non‐BCR/ABL1‐like cases to build a statistical “BCR/ABL1‐like predictor”, for the identification of BCR/ABL1‐like cases. By screening 142 B‐lineage ALL patients with the “BCR/ABL1‐like predictor”, we identified 28/142 BCR/ABL1‐like patients (19·7%). Overall, BCR/ABL1‐like cases were enriched in JAK/STAT mutations (P < 0·001), IKZF1 deletions (P < 0·001) and rearrangements involving cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinases (P = 0·001), thus corroborating the validity of the prediction. Clinically, the BCR/ABL1‐like cases identified by the BCR/ABL1‐like predictor achieved a lower rate of complete remission (P = 0·014) and a worse event‐free survival (P = 0·0009) compared to non‐BCR/ABL1‐like ALL. Consistently, primary cells from BCR/ABL1‐like cases responded in vitro to ponatinib. We propose a simple tool based on Q‐RT‐PCR and a statistical model that is capable of easily, quickly and reliably identifying BCR/ABL1‐like ALL cases at diagnosis.
The Complexity of Loss During a Forced Termination: A Case Illustration
Authors: Aafjes‐Van Doorn Katie , Wooldridge Tom
Published: April 2018

The end of a therapeutic relationship is experienced in a unique way by each patient and triggers complex feelings relating to early attachment issues, losses and traumas. It is an immense rupture: a process of attachment and separation, intimacy and loss that is an emotionally intense experience for both participants. This case illustration provides insight into the difficulties experienced during the process of forced termination in an analytic community‐training clinic. Following a 2‐year treatment, Peter, a patient who had been severely traumatized in youth, had to tolerate the pain of another loss; having to say goodbye to a therapist. We describe the therapist's initiation and engagement of the termination phase. A series of measurements of patient personality, therapist attachment, and change in alliance and outcomes provide information on the impact of Peter's history and the therapeutic relationship. Clinical illustrations highlight different parts of the decision‐making process in terms of the patient's sensitivity to loss, as well as the therapist's uncertainty around self‐disclosure. We suggest ways therapists may facilitate endings by addressing positive and negative feelings, providing a good‐enough attachment experience, and stimulating an internalization of the therapeutic relationship. Implications for clinical practice, research and supervision are discussed.
The natural history of asymptomatic calyceal stones
Authors: Darrad Maitrey P. , Yallappa Sachin , Metcalfe John , Subramonian Kesavapillai
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of patients with incidentally detected asymptomatic calyceal stones on active surveillance, and to identify risk factors for stone‐related adverse events (AEs).

Patients and Methods

In this retrospective case series, we identified all renal units with non‐contrast computed tomography diagnosed asymptomatic calyceal stones in a single reference centre between August 2005 and August 2016. Primary endpoints were spontaneous stone passage and need for stone‐related surgical intervention. The secondary endpoints were stone‐related symptoms and AEs. Cox proportional hazards models were used.

Results

We identified 301 renal units from 238 adult patients. The median average age of the study group was 56 years, with two‐thirds consisting of males. The mean average cumulative stone size was 10.8 mm. At the end of the study, 58.8% of renal units with stones remained on surveillance with a median follow‐up of 63 months. Overall, 26.6% of patients proceeded to surgical intervention with the majority secondary to pain with no stone relocation (30%) or stone relocation to the ureter with or without pain (25%). Over the 5‐year period, 14.6% of stones passed spontaneously. On analysis of the secondary endpoints, 39.5% had a stone‐related AE (either symptoms and/or need for surgical intervention). Younger patients (aged <50 years), and those with stone growth >1 mm annually were significantly more likely to have an AE (P = 0.012 and P = 0.006, respectively). The risk of an AE during surveillance at 1, 3, and 5 years was 3.4%, 18.9%, and 30.7% respectively.

Conclusions

Long‐term conservative approaches for asymptomatic renal stones are an effective management option with ~60% of renal units remaining on active surveillance in >5 years of follow‐up. Appropriate counselling with careful patient selection is advocated, as younger patients and those with evidence of stone growth were found to be at greatest risk of an adverse outcome.
Host plant distributions and climate interact to affect the predicted geographic distribution of a Neotropical termite
Authors: da Cunha Hélida F. , Ferreira Érica D. , Tessarolo Geiziane , Nabout João C.
Published: April 2018

Species distribution models (SDMs) have been widely used in the scientific literature. The majority of SDMs use climate data or other abiotic variables to forecast the potential distribution of a species in geographic space. Biotic interactions can affect the predicted spatial distribution of a species in many ways across multiple spatial scales, and incorporating these predictors in an SDM is a current topic in the scientific literature. Constrictotermes cyphergaster is a widely distributed termite in the Neotropics. This termite species nests in plants and more frequently nests in some arboreal species. Thus, this species is an excellent model to evaluate the influence of biotic interactions in SDMs. We evaluate the influences of climate and the geographic distribution of host plants on the potential distribution of C. cyphergaster. Three correlative models (MaxEnt) were built to predict the geographic distribution of the termite: (1) climate data, (2) biotic data (i.e., the geographic distribution of host plants), and (3) climate and biotic data. The models that were generated indicate that the potential geographic distribution of C. cyphergaster is concentrated in the Cerrado and Caatinga regions. In addition, path analysis and multiple regression revealed the importance of the direct effects of biological interactions in the geographic distribution of the termite, while climate affected the distribution of the termite mainly through indirect effects by influencing the geographic distributions of host plants. The current study endorses the importance of including biological interactions in SDMs. We recommend using biotic predictors in SDM studies of insect species, mainly because insects have important environmental services and biotic interaction data can improve the macroecological studies of this group.
Shifting Practices, Shifting Selves: Negotiations of Local and Global Cultures Among Adolescents in Northern Thailand
Authors: McKenzie Jessica
Published: April 2018

Around the world, adolescents increasingly grow up as members of local and global cultures. Little is known, however, about how precisely adolescents in rapidly globalizing societies blend local and global cultures. Interviews with 40 (16‐ to 19‐year old) Thai adolescents, evenly divided between rural and urban communities, were analyzed alongside participant observation data for the interplay between local and global linguistic and dietary practices. Results revealed that urban adolescents inhabited differentiated selves, alternating between local and global practices based on interactional partner. The activation of each assisted them in navigating—and in some cases, reshaping—hierarchies encountered in everyday relationships. Findings contribute to the developmental science of globalization and point to the utility of interrogating cultural practices as sites of self‐negotiation in rapidly changing cultural contexts.
New insights into the phenotypes of atopic dermatitis linked with allergies and asthma in children: An overview
Authors: Amat F. , Soria A. , Tallon P. , Bourgoin‐Heck M. , Lambert N. , Deschildre A. , Just J.
Published: April 2018

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with multiple causes and complex mechanistic pathways according to age of onset, severity of the illness, ethnic modifiers, response to therapy and triggers. A group of difficult‐to‐manage patients characterized by early‐onset AD and severe lifelong disease associated with allergic asthma and/or food allergy (FA) has been identified. In this study, we focus on these severe phenotypes, analysing their links with other atopic comorbidities, and taking into account the results from recent cohort studies and meta‐analyses. The main hypothesis that is currently proposed to explain the onset of allergic diseases is an epithelial barrier defect. Thus, the atopic march could correspond to an epithelial dysfunction, self‐sustained by a secondary allergenic sensitization, explaining the transition from AD to allergic asthma. Furthermore, AD severity seems to be a risk factor for associated FA. Results from population‐based, birth and patient cohorts show that early‐onset and severe AD, male gender, parental history of asthma, and early and multiple sensitizations are risk factors leading to the atopic march and the development of asthma. The importance of environmental factors should be recognized in these high‐risk children and prevention programs adapted accordingly. Effective targeted therapies to restore both barrier function and to control inflammation are necessary; early emollient therapy is an important approach to prevent AD in high‐risk children. Clinicians should also keep in mind the specific risk of atopic comorbidities in case of filaggrin loss‐of‐function mutations and the rare phenotypes of orphan syndromes due to heritable mutations in skin barrier components.
Clinical and molecular insights into Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in China
Authors: Zhou L. , Jiang M. , Shen H. , You T. , Ding Z. , Cui Q. , Ma Z. , Yang F. , Xie Z. , Shi H. , Su J. , Cao L. , Lin J. , Yin J. , Dai L. , Wang H. , Wang Z. , Yu Z. , Ruan C. , Xia L.
Published: April 2018

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by spontaneous mucocutaneous bleeding. The disorder is caused by quantitative or qualitative defects in integrin αIIbβ3 (encoded by ITGA2B and ITGB3) on the platelet and is more common in consanguineous populations. However, the prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of GT in non‐consanguineous populations have been unclear. We analyzed 97 patients from 93 families with GT in the Han population in China. This analysis showed lower consanguinity (18.3%) in Han patients than other ethnic populations in GT‐prone countries. Compared with other ethnic populations, there was no significant difference in the distribution of GT types. Han females suffered more severe bleeding and had a poorer prognosis. We identified a total of 43 different ITGA2B and ITGB3 variants, including 25 previously unidentified, in 45 patients. These variants included 14 missense, 4 nonsense, 4 frameshift, and 3 splicing site variants. Patients with the same genotype generally manifested the same GT type but presented with different bleeding severities. This suggests that GT clinical phenotype does not solely depend on genotype. Our study provides an initial, yet important, clinical and molecular characterization of GT heterogeneity in China.
WORK HOUR MISMATCH AND JOB MOBILITY: ADJUSTMENT CHANNELS AND RESOLUTION RATES
Authors: Knaus Michael C. , Otterbach Steffen
Published: April 2018

This paper analyses the role of job changes in overcoming work hour mismatches (i.e., differences between actual and desired work hours). It addresses two, yet neglected, questions: (1) How do adjustments in desired work hours, additionally to adjustments in actual work hours, contribute to the resolution of these mismatches? and (2) Does the well‐documented increased work hour flexibility of job movers help to actually resolve work hour mismatches? We find that job change increases the probability of resolving work hour mismatches, but far less than expected with free choice of hours across jobs. (JEL J21, J22)
Rapidly changing myeloma epidemiology in the general population: Increased incidence, older patients, and longer survival
Authors: Turesson Ingemar , Bjorkholm Magnus , Blimark Cecilie Hveding , Kristinsson Sigurdur , Velez Ramon , Landgren Ola
Published: April 2018

The incidence of multiple myeloma is characterized by a steep increase with advancing age. Dramatic improvements in survival have been reported in clinical trials; however, elderly patients are generally underrepresented in these. The aims of this study are to review patterns of incidence and survival in multiple myeloma in the general population. We searched PubMed for population‐based studies on trends in incidence and survival published between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2017 and based on regional or national cancer registries and report the following results of the review. The age‐adjusted incidence of multiple myeloma has increased during the second half of the twentieth century in some countries but remained stable in areas with high case ascertainment and access to universal medical care. The crude incidence is increasing globally due to an aging population. Survival rates have improved, and 5‐year relative survival rates are now around 50% and over 60% in patients 65‐70 years or younger. Preliminary data suggest a 3‐fold increase in the prevalence of multiple myeloma. We conclude that the number of multiple myeloma patients is increasing in the general population due to (i) aging populations and (ii) more patients living longer due to modern drugs.
Obstacles to comprehensive dental care in patients with sustained limitations of their decision‐making abilities: findings from a Delphi study
Authors: Blaizot Alessandra , Catteau Céline , Delfosse Caroline , Hamel Olivier , Trentesaux Thomas
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic limitations experienced by a panel of special‐care dentists in France when treating patients with sustained limitations of their decision‐making abilities. We used a Delphi technique conducted in three rounds from 01 June 2014 to 30 September 2015. A first questionnaire comprising open‐ended questions was addressed to 72 panellists. A content analysis of the returned questionnaires served to draft a second questionnaire comprising closed‐ended questions; this was sent to the 28 panellists who responded in the first round. A third questionnaire was sent to the 20 panellists who responded in the second round to give them an opportunity to reconsider their response in the context of the second‐round response group. Sixteen panellists answered the last round. A large majority agreed on the importance of providing comprehensive care, but they encountered obstacles at two time points: (i) when proposing the care; and (ii) when setting it up. The panel put forward recommendations in two main areas: (i) the training of those involved in oral health decisions; and (ii) dental care management and organization of the care system. The study provided a foundation for building future orientations in health care for patients with limited decision‐making abilities.
The biphasic effect of extracellular glucose concentration on carbachol‐induced fluid secretion from mouse submandibular glands
Authors: Terachi Momomi , Hirono Chikara , Kitagawa Michinori , Sugita Makoto
Published: April 2018

Cholinergic agonists evoke elevations of the cytoplasmic free‐calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) to stimulate fluid secretion in salivary glands. Salivary flow rates are significantly reduced in diabetic patients. However, it remains elusive how salivary secretion is impaired in diabetes. Here, we used an ex vivo submandibular gland perfusion technique to characterize the dependency of salivary flow rates on extracellular glucose concentration and activities of glucose transporters expressed in the glands. The cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) induced sustained fluid secretion, the rates of which were modulated by the extracellular glucose concentration in a biphasic manner. Both lowering the extracellular glucose concentration to less than 2.5 mM and elevating it to higher than 5 mM resulted in decreased CCh‐induced fluid secretion. The CCh‐induced salivary flow was suppressed by phlorizin, an inhibitor of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) located basolaterally in submandibular acinar cells, which is altered at the protein expression level in diabetic animal models. Our data suggest that SGLT1‐mediated glucose uptake in acinar cells is required to maintain the fluid secretion by sustaining Cl− secretion in real‐time. High extracellular glucose levels may suppress the CCh‐induced secretion of salivary fluid by altering the activities of ion channels and transporters downstream of [Ca2+]i signals.
Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation‐by‐distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
Authors: Drinan Daniel P. , Gruenthal Kristen M. , Canino Michael F. , Lowry Dayv , Fisher Mary C. , Hauser Lorenz
Published: April 2018

The discernment of populations as management units is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable exploitation of species. A lack of clear stock boundaries complicates not only the identification of spatial management units, but also the assessment of mixed fisheries by population assignment and mixed stock analysis. Many marine species, such as Pacific cod, are characterized by isolation by distance, showing significant differentiation but no clear stock boundaries. Here, we used restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to investigate population structure and assess power to genetically assign Pacific cod to putative populations of origin. Samples were collected across the species range in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Salish Sea to the Aleutian Islands. A total of 6,425 putative biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from 276 individuals. We found a strong isolation‐by‐distance signal along coastlines that mirrored previous microsatellite results and pronounced genetic differentiation between coastal samples and those from the inland waters of the Salish Sea, with no evidence for hybridization between these two populations. Individual assignment success based on two methods was high overall (≥84%) but decreased from south to north. Assignment to geographic location of origin also was successful, with average distance between capture and assignment location of 220 km. Outlier analyses identified more loci potentially under selection along the coast than between Salish Sea and coastal samples, suggesting more diverse adaptation to latitudinal environmental factors than inshore vs. offshore environments. Our results confirm previous observations of sharp genetic differentiation of the Salish Sea population and isolation by distance along the coast, but also highlight the feasibility of using modern genomic techniques to inform stock boundaries and fisheries management in a low FST marine species.
HOXC10 promotes proliferation and invasion and induces immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma
Authors: Li Shu , Zhang Wenhao , Wu Chao , Gao Hongliang , Yu Jun , Wang Xiaoqiang , Li Bin , Jun Zhong , Zhang Wenchaun , Zhou Ping , Shi Juanhong , Wang Lifeng , Gao Yunxing , Li Shiting , Tao Bangbao
Published: April 2018

The prognosis for patients with malignant glioma is very poor and thus the identification of new potential therapeutic targets is critically important. In this work, we report a previously unknown role for the homeobox transcription factor HOXC10 in regulating immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma cell lines and their proliferative and invasive capacities. Although HOXC10 expression is dysregulated in several types of tumors, its potential function in glioma was not known. We found that HOXC10 expression was upregulated in glioma compared with normal tissue, and that HOXC10 expression positively associated with high grading of glioma. In three independent datasets (REMBRANDT glioma, The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma multiforme and GSE4412), HOXC10 upregulation was associated with short overall survival. In two glioma cell lines, HOXC10 knock‐down inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. In addition, HOXC10 knock‐down suppressed the expression of genes that are involved in tumor immunosuppression, including those for transforming growth factor‐β 2, PD‐L2, CCL2 and TDO2. A ChIP assay showed that HOXC10 directly bound to the PD‐L2 and TDO2 promoter regions. In summary, our results suggest that HOXC10 upregulation in glioma promotes an aggressive phenotype and induces immunosuppressive gene expression, supporting further investigation of the potential of HOXC10 as a therapeutic target in glioma.
E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF123 targets lamin B1 and lamin‐binding proteins
Authors: Khanna Richa , Krishnamoorthy Vidhya , Parnaik Veena K.
Published: April 2018

Lamins are key nuclear proteins which are important for maintaining nuclear structure and function. Mutations in lamins cause a spectrum of genetic diseases termed as laminopathies. RING finger containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF123, is transcriptionally upregulated in cells expressing rod domain lamin A mutations. However, the functional relevance of RNF123 in laminopathic cells is not clear. Using a mass spectrometry‐based approach, we identified lamins and lamin‐binding proteins retinoblastoma protein (pRb), lamina‐associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α), and emerin as RNF123‐interacting proteins. We determined that RNF123 mediated the ubiquitination of these proteins and caused the proteasomal degradation of pRb, LAP2α, and lamin B1. Furthermore, these proteins were also targeted for proteasomal degradation in cells expressing lamin A rod domain mutants G232E, Q294P, and R386K. Overexpression of RNF123 resulted in delayed transit through the S‐phase which was alleviated by coexpression of pRb or LAP2α. Our findings imply that RNF123‐mediated ubiquitination of lamin‐binding proteins may contribute to disease‐causing mechanisms in laminopathies by depletion of key nuclear proteins and defects in cell cycle kinetics.
Growth rate variability of larval European eels (Anguilla anguilla) across the extensive eel spawning area in the southern Sargasso Sea
Authors: Ayala Daniel Jiro , Munk Peter
Published: April 2018

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spawns in the Sargasso Sea, and the leptocephalus larvae are distributed in the Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ), covering an area approximately 500 × 2,000 km in extent. The STCZ is hydrographically diverse and highly dynamic, which is likely to impact growth and survival opportunities of the larvae. Here we investigate the temporal and spatial growth rate variability of larvae collected along seven sampling transects across the STCZ during March–April 2014. Scanning electron microscopic analyses of otolith ring‐formations were used to estimate larval age‐at‐length, initial growth and growth trajectories. Analyzed larvae averaged 14 mm in length and 30 days of age. Age estimation indicated that the larvae were spawned during one continuous period, extending from mid‐February to late‐March, and that spawning had peaked during the new moon of 4 March. Growth estimates (average: 0.38 mm/day, ~6% weight increase/day) showed substantial variability among individuals. There were no apparent spatial trends in this variability, and no linkage to measures of temperature and salinity, while earlier‐spawned leptocephali showed slightly higher growth rates than later‐spawned larvae. The variability in growth rates at single sampling sites was as great as variability across the entire area of distribution. This indicates that individual growth opportunities are strongly impacted by variable conditions in the immediate environment while average conditions for larval growth and survival are basically the same throughout the immense area of larval distribution.
Significant increases in the density and number of lymphatic vessels in pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Watanabe Kentaro , Ishii Hiroshi , Kushima Hisako , Fujita Masaki , Nabeshima Kazuki
Published: April 2018

Aims

Some investigators have detected fibrinous exudate or immature organisation in the alveolar spaces prior to the development of subpleural elastofibrosis in patients with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE). We hypothesised that PPFE progress is associated with an impaired lymphatic drainage system, resulting in the failed resolution of intra‐alveolar exudate. The aim of this study is to investigate the pulmonary lymphatic vessels in PPFE, histologically.

Methods and results

We retrospectively reviewed our medical records from 1995 to 2017, and selected autopsied or surgically biopsied patients with PPFE (n = 18), pulmonary apical cap (n = 18), and IPF (n = 26). We detected lymphatic endothelial cells by using immunostained specimens, calculating the percentage of lymphatic vessel area in the non‐aerated area (lymphatic vessel density) and the number of lymphatic vessels per non‐aerated area (per mm2) (lymphatic vessel number). These parameters in PPFE were compared with those in apical cap, IPF, and normal lung tissue. The lymphatic vessel density in PPFE patients [2.97%; interquartile range (IQR) 2.61–3.86] was significantly higher than that in normal lung (0.91%; IQR 0.84–1.07), pulmonary apical cap (0.67%; IQR 0.58–0.83), and IPF (0.91%; IQR 0.68–1.25) (P < 0.01 in any comparison). The lymphatic vessel number in PPFE was also significantly higher than that in normal lung, pulmonary apical cap, and IPF. Among PPFE patients, the increase in lymphatic vessel density was found to be correlated with the characteristic physiology of PPFE, such as a flattened chest cage on computed tomography and high residual volume/total lung capacity ratio on spirometry.

Conclusions

Significant increase in the density and number of lymphatic vessels is a supportive characteristic that enables the differentiation of PPFE from IPF and apical cap.
Interobserver reliability of histopathological features for distinguishing between cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and superficial thrombophlebitis
Authors: Hutachuda Parnhathai , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , Pattanaprichakul Penvadee , Chanyachailert Pattriya , Sitthinamsuwan Panitta
Published: April 2018

Aims

Interobserver reliability of histopathological features in differentiation between cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) and superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) by assessment of inter‐rater agreement of five histological features was investigated.

Methods and results

All sections of cPAN and ST were evaluated independently by three experienced pathologists and one resident of pathology. The histopathological features studied included elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall, a smooth muscle arrangement pattern, an internal elastic lamina pattern, fibrinoid necrosis and luminal thrombosis. Agreement analysis was performed using the kappa coefficient. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the useful histopathological features were analysed. Of all 62 biopsies, 28 were cPAN and 34 were ST. Reproducibility between four observers was in substantial agreement (κ = 0.73). Elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall (κ = 0.68), fibrinoid necrosis (κ = 0.63), an internal elastic lamina pattern (κ = 0.51) and a smooth muscle arrangement pattern (κ = 0.46) showed high specificity and PPV for differentiating between cPAN and ST. The smooth muscle arrangement pattern, internal elastic lamina pattern and elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall may be obscured when extensive inflammation and necrosis occurs.

Conclusions

These aforementioned histopathological features are useful in differentiation between cPAN and ST. The Verhoeff–van Gieson (VVG) elastic stain is an important histochemical study for differentiating between cPAN and ST, particularly in cases with extensive inflammation and necrosis.
Using remote cameras to validate estimates of nest fate in shorebirds
Authors: Ellis Kristen S. , Cavitt John F. , Larsen Randy T. , Koons David N.
Published: April 2018

Nest survival is a key demographic parameter, yet little effort has been made to improve the accuracy of field‐based methods for assigning nest fates to shorebird nests. We used remote cameras to validate estimates of nest fate from field methods and to assess variation in accuracy of nest‐fate assignment for Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosusin Utah, USA. We correctly identified the fates of 84% of nests in the field, and photos from camera monitoring revealed incorrect assignments for 22% of successful nests and 7% of depredated nests. Traditional field methods could be improved by checking nests more frequently when hatching date nears and spending additional time searching for eggshell evidence, especially when nests are in areas susceptible to weather disturbance.
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 relieves the constraints on the growth of young wild passerines
Authors: Lodjak Jaanis , Mägi Marko
Published: April 2018

To gain a selective advantage for survival in stochastic environments, the growth of different body parameters of juvenile animals should be constantly adjusted according to prevailing conditions. Hormones, especially insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), are an important part of physiological mechanisms mediating life‐history variability in free‐living animals when connecting available resources (e.g. food) with pathways of somatic growth. We used anIGF‐1 injection treatment in free‐living European Pied FlycatcherFicedula hypoleucanestlings to mimic experimentally the differentiation of growth conditions for chicks with a similar genetic background. We showed that there is probably a physiological trade‐off for young animals between the growth rates of structural size and body mass, whereIGF‐1 could be part of the physiological modulatory system of this trade‐off. By weakening internal constraints that limit growth,IGF‐1 could help to relieve the trade‐off between these competing body size parameters.
When to measure plumage reflectance: a lesson from Collared FlycatchersFicedula albicollis
Authors: Hegyi Gergely , Laczi Miklós , Boross Nóra , Jablonszky Mónika , Kötél Dóra , Krenhardt Katalin , Markó Gábor , Nagy Gergely , Rosivall Balázs , Szász Eszter , Garamszegi László Zsolt , Török János
Published: April 2018

Sexually selected colour traits of bird plumage are widely studied. Although the plumage is replaced only at one or two yearly moults, plumage colour has long been shown to change between moults. Nevertheless, most studies measure colour weeks to months after the courtship period, typically at nestling rearing, and it is unclear whether these measurements yield relevant data concerning the primary process of sexual selection. Here we analyse repeated spectrometric data taken from male Collared Flycatchers during social courtship and nestling rearing. We show that some spectral traits are not correlated between the two measurements and that within‐individual correlation declines significantly with the likely exposure of the plumage area to damage and soiling. There is an overall decline in spectral trait exaggeration during breeding, but trait decline is not closely related to measurement latency, especially not in the damage‐exposed areas. Finally, sexual selection estimates differ depending on whether they are derived from spectra measured during courtship or during nestling rearing. These results suggest that, contrary to current practice, measurements of plumage reflectance should be made during the primary period of sexual signalling. Spectral trait decline during breeding could also be studied as a possible signal for mates and neighbours.
Validation of an in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) method in blinded ring‐testing
Authors: Pissavini M. , Tricaud C. , Wiener G. , Lauer A. , Contier M. , Kolbe L. , Trullás Cabanas C. , Boyer F. , Nollent V. , Meredith E. , Dietrich E. , Matts P. J.
Published: April 2018

Objective

The objective of this work was to investigate the utility of a new in vitro SPF test method in blinded ring‐testing, against new ISO acceptance criteria.

Methods

Twenty four blinded, commercial, emulsion‐type, primary sunscreen products, covering the full range of labelled SPF in Europe (SPF6 – 50+), were tested by three test institutes using the current ISO24444:2010 In Vivo SPF Test Method and simultaneously by three separate test laboratories using a new candidate in vitro SPF test method, developed under the leadership of Cosmetics Europe (CE). The resulting relationship between in vitro SPF and in vivo SPF values was then compared with acceptance criteria developed recently by the International Standards (ISO) TC217/WG7 Sun Protection Test Methods Working Group.

Results

Analysis of the mean inter‐laboratory in vitro and mean inter‐institute in vivo SPF values revealed a strong correlation between in vitro and in vivo values, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.88 (P < 0.0001), a slope of 1.01 and a non‐significant intercept (−1.48; P = 0.62). When these data were compared to the new ISO WG7 acceptance criteria, method bias was found to be extremely low and over 95% of the coupled data lay within the model ‘funnel’ (defined by upper and lower confidence intervals).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the results of blinded ring testing and comparison to new ISO WG7 acceptance criteria indicate that a new in vitro SPF test method meets (and exceeds) these minimum criteria and is an interesting candidate for possible deployment as an industry test methodology.
Breastfeeding performance in Iranian women
Authors: Faridvand Fatemeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi Sakineh , Malakouti Jamileh
Published: April 2018

Aim

Studies have shown that breastfeeding has both short‐term and long‐term useful effects on mother's and newborn's health. This study was conducted with the aim of determining predictors of breastfeeding performance in women who were referred to health centres in Tabriz City, Iran, in 2014 to 2015.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study cluster‐sampled 220 breastfeeding women with infants aged 4 to 6 months. The Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, the personal resource questionnaire‐85, and a researcher‐developed knowledge questionnaire were used to collect data. Multivariate linear regression model was used to determine predictors of breastfeeding performance.

Results

The results showed that participants' breastfeeding performance mean (SD) value was 3.6 (1.2) of 6. There were significant relationships between breastfeeding performance and breastfeeding self‐efficacy (P = .033) but not between social support, knowledge, attitudes, and breastfeeding performance (P > .05). Breastfeeding self‐efficacy, occupation, family income sufficiency, and living with the family were identified as predictors of breastfeeding performance.

Conclusion

Given the relationship between breastfeeding self‐efficacy and breastfeeding performance, strengthening mothers' self‐efficacy should be considered, especially when compiling programs to promote breastfeeding. Increasing breastfeeding self‐efficacy in women improves their breastfeeding performance: In developing programs to promote breastfeeding culture, women's self‐efficacy should be considered.
Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for acute and chronic soft tissue wounds: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Fu Xiao‐bing , Chen Shuo , Zhao Zhan‐bo , Schmitz Christoph , Weng Chang‐shui
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and conventional wound therapy (CWT) for acute and chronic soft tissue wounds. All English‐language articles on ESWT for acute and chronic soft tissue wounds indexed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and HealthSTAR published prior to June 2017 were included, as well as corresponding articles cited in reference lists of related review articles. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's “risk of bias” tool. Study design, subject demographics, wound aetiology, treatment protocols, assessment indexes, and follow‐up duration were extracted. The fixed or random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes according to studies’ heterogeneity. Ten randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 473 patients were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed that ESWT statistically significantly increased the healing rate of acute and chronic soft tissue wounds 2.73‐fold (odds ratio, OR = 3.73, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.30‐6.04, P < .001) and improved wound‐healing area percentage by 30.45% (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 30.45; 95% CI: 23.79‐37.12; P < .001). ESWT reduced wound‐healing time by 3 days (SMD = −2.86, 95% CI:‐3.78 to −1.95, P < .001) for acute soft tissue wounds and 19 days (SMD = −19.11, 95% CI: −23.74 to −14.47, P < .001) for chronic soft tissue wounds and the risk of wound infection by 53% (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24‐0.92, P = .03) when compared with CWT alone. Serious adverse effects were not reported. ESWT showed better therapeutic effects on acute and chronic soft tissue wounds compared with CWT alone. However, higher‐quality and well‐controlled RCTs are needed to further assess the role of ESWT for acute and chronic soft tissue wounds.
The physical environment and patients’ activities and care: A comparative case study at three newly built stroke units
Authors: Anåker Anna , von Koch Lena , Sjöstrand Christina , Heylighen Ann , Elf Marie
Published: April 2018

Aim

To explore and compare the impact of the physical environment on patients’ activities and care at three newly built stroke units.

Background

Receiving care in a stroke unit instead of in a general ward reduces the odds of death, dependency and institutionalized care. In stroke units, the design of the physical environment should support evidence‐based care. Studies on patients’ activities in relation to the design of the physical environment of stroke units are scarce.

Design

This work is a comparative descriptive case study.

Method

Patients (N = 55) who had a confirmed diagnosis of stroke were recruited from three newly built stroke units in Sweden. The units were examined by non‐participant observation using two types of data collection: behavioural mapping analysed with descriptive statistics and field note taking analysed with deductive content analysis. Data were collected from April 2013 ‐ December 2015.

Results

The units differed in the patients’ levels of physical activity, the proportion of the day that patients spent with health professionals and family presence. Patients were more physically active in a unit with a combination of single and multi‐bed room designs than in a unit with an entirely single‐room design. Stroke units that were easy to navigate and offered variations in the physical environment had an impact on patients’ activities and care.

Conclusions

Patients’ activity levels and interactions appeared to vary with the design of the physical environments of stroke units. Stroke guidelines focused on health status assessments, avoidance of bed‐rest and early rehabilitation require a supportive physical environment.
Undergraduate nursing assistant employment in aged care has benefits for new graduates
Authors: Algoso Maricris , Ramjan Lucie , East Leah , Peters Kath
Published: April 2018

Aims

To determine how undergraduate assistant in nursing employment in aged care helps to prepare new graduates for clinical work as a Registered Nurse.

Background

The amount and quality of clinical experience afforded by university programs has been the subject of constant debate in the nursing profession. New graduate nurses are often deemed inadequately prepared for clinical practice and so many nursing students seek employment as assistants in nursing whilst studying to increase their clinical experience.

Design

This paper presents the first phase of a larger mixed‐methods study to explore whether undergraduate assistant in nursing employment in aged care prepares new graduate nurses for the clinical work environment. The first phase involved the collection of quantitative data from a modified Preparation for Clinical Practice survey, which contained 50‐scaled items relating to nursing practice.

Methods

Ethics approval was obtained prior to commencing data collection. New graduate nurses who were previously employed as assistants in nursing in aged care and had at least 3 months’ experience as a Registered Nurse, were invited to complete the survey. Social media and professional networks were used to distribute the survey between March 2015 – May 2016 and again in January 2017—February 2017. Purposeful and snowballing sampling methods using social media and nursing networks were used to collect survey responses. Data were analysed using principal components analysis.

Results

110 completed surveys were returned. Principal components analysis revealed four underlying constructs (components) of undergraduate assistant in nursing employment in aged care. These were emotional literacy (component 1), clinical skills (component 2), managing complex patient care (component 3) and health promotion (component 4).

Conclusion

The four extracted components reflect the development of core nursing skills that transcend that of technical skills and includes the ability to situate oneself as a nurse in the care of an individual and in a healthcare team.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces spatial memory deficits by activating GSK‐3
Authors: Lin Li , Cao Jie , Yang Shu‐Sheng , Fu Zheng‐Qi , Zeng Peng , Chu Jiang , Ning Lin‐Na , Zhang Teng , Shi Yan , Tian Qing , Zhou Xin‐Wen , Wang Jian‐Zhi
Published: April 2018

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we injected tunicamycin (TM), a recognized ER stress inducer, into the brain ventricle of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR), demonstrated by the enhanced phosphorylation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 (IRE‐1) and activating transcription factor‐6 (ATF‐6). We observed that UPR induced spatial memory deficits and impairments of synaptic plasticity in the rats. After TM treatment, GSK‐3β was activated and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein at Ser129 (pS129‐CREB) was increased with an increased nuclear co‐localization of pY126‐GSK‐3β and pS129‐CREB. Simultaneous inhibition of GSK‐3β by hippocampal infusion of SB216763 (SB) attenuated TM‐induced UPR and spatial memory impairment with restoration of pS129‐CREB and synaptic plasticity. We concluded that UPR induces AD‐like spatial memory deficits with mechanisms involving GSK‐3β/pS129‐CREB pathway.
Consensus‐based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I
Authors: Wollenberg A. , Barbarot S. , Bieber T. , Christen‐Zaech S. , Deleuran M. , Fink‐Wagner A. , Gieler U. , Girolomoni G. , Lau S. , Muraro A. , Czarnecka‐Operacz M. , Schäfer T. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Simon D. , Szalai Z. , Szepietowski J.C. , Taïeb A. , Torrelo A. , Werfel T. , Ring J. ,   the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD), European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA), the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP), the European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) and the European Union of Medical Specialists
Published: April 2018

This guideline was developed as a joint interdisciplinary European project, including physicians from all relevant disciplines as well as patients. It is a consensus‐based guideline, taking available evidence from other guidelines, systematic reviews and published studies into account. This first part of the guideline covers methods, patient perspective, general measures and avoidance strategies, basic emollient treatment and bathing, dietary intervention, topical anti‐inflammatory therapy, phototherapy and antipruritic therapy, whereas the second part covers antimicrobial therapy, systemic treatment, allergen‐specific immunotherapy, complementary medicine, psychosomatic counselling and educational interventions. Management of AE must consider the individual clinical variability of the disease; highly standardized treatment rules are not recommended. Basic therapy is focused on treatment of disturbed barrier function by hydrating and lubricating topical treatment, besides further avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Topical anti‐inflammatory treatment based on glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors is used for flare management and for proactive therapy for long‐term control. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy, whereas tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are preferred in sensitive skin areas and for long‐term use. Topical phosphodiesterase inhibitors may be a treatment alternative when available. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation, preferably with UVB 311 nm or UVA1. Pruritus is targeted with the majority of the recommended therapies, but some patients may need additional antipruritic therapy. Antimicrobial therapy, systemic anti‐inflammatory treatment, immunotherapy, complementary medicine and educational intervention will be addressed in part II of the guideline.
Monthly population density and structure patterns of an endangered seahorse Hippocampus capensis: a comparison between natural and artificial habitats
Authors: Claassens L. , Hodgson A. N.
Published: April 2018

This study investigated aspects of the population ecology of the endangered Knysna seahorse Hippocampus capensis within different habitat types. High densities of H. capensis were found within artificial Reno mattress habitat, within the Knysna Estuary, South Africa. Monthly surveys at three sites were conducted from October 2015 to August 2016 to compare population densities of H. capensis in this artificial habitat with natural eel grass Zostera capensis habitat. Hippocampus capensis densities varied significantly across all sites and highest population densities were consistently observed within the Reno mattress habitat. Hippocampus capensis were also found to be significantly larger within the Reno mattress habitat and pooled data showed that males were significantly larger than females. The overall sex ratio for all three sites was female biased, although this varied across seasons at two sites. The findings suggest that artificial Reno mattresses provide novel habitat for this endangered species and consideration should be given to the usefulness of these structures in future conservation actions.