bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Konsep Green Economy Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan dengan Literasi Digital Sebagai Mediasi pada UMKM di Kota Tebing Tinggi
Authors: Harahap Hastuti Handayani
Published: August 2024

This research is about the Application of the Green Economy Concept to Increasing Income with Digital Literacy as Mediation for MSMEs in Tebing Tinggi City. The research was conducted as field research in MSMEs in Tebing Tinggi City. This research uses a quantitative analytical approach. Data processing in this research uses smartPLS SEM (Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling) software. The results of this research The first hypothesis is accepted that Green Economy (X) has an effect on Digital Literacy (Z). The second hypothesis is accepted that Digital Literacy (Z) influences Increased Income (Y). The third hypothesis is accepted that Green Economy (X) has a significant effect on Increasing Income (Y) through Digital Literacy (Z) as an intervening variable.
Hakikat, Makna Konsep Tentang Filsafat Manajemen Pendidikan Islam: Pendekatan Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nizar Muhammad Alang Khairun
Published: August 2024

The ultimate goal of Islamic education lies in the realization of complete submission to Allah at the individual, community and human levels. This is the direction of all management activities of educational institutions in order to achieve Islamic goals. This article aims to explain the nature and philosophy of educational management from an Islamic perspective. The method used in this article is qualitative research with a Systematic Literature Review approach. Article articles were collected from Google Scholar via the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) process. Then descriptive content analysis was carried out. The results found that the essence and philosophy of educational management in an Islamic perspective originates from the Al-Qur'an and hadith where in an Islamic perspective, Management in an Islamic perspective implements the principles of Islamic teachings which are in line with the concept of management, namely deliberation (shura), mandate (amanah), and justice (al-'adl) and educational management science must contain Islamic principles and values ​​that can guide students towards their own existence.
Pneumotórax Catamenial – Um Relato de Caso
Authors: Sousa da Silva Romulo , Pedro Henrique Nascimento Mattos  , Letícia Rocha Moreira  , Gustavo Del Campo Cordeiro  , Pedro Augusto Rizzo Egger  , Maria Fernanda Inocente Messias Pinheiro  , Tiago da Rocha Araújo  , Mirelly Alves Vitor  , Rithiele Souza Silva  , Marcos Vinícius Almeida Santos  , Davi Balica de Oliveira  , Beatriz de Castro Barbosa dos Santos  , Ana Carolina Bezerra Góes  , Wesley Soares Pires  , Vanessa Hallich França da Silva
Published: August 2024

O pneumotórax catamenial é uma entidade clínica rara, que se caracteriza pela ocorrência de pneumotórax espontâneo em mulheres durante o período menstrual, geralmente até dois dias após o início da menstruação Acredita-se que essa condição esteja associada à endometriose torácica, que é uma forma de endometriose que afeta o diafragma, alcançando assim a cavidade torácica. Clinicamente, o pneumotórax catamenial manifesta-se com os sintomas padrão de pneumotórax, incluindo dor torácica súbita, dispneia e, em certas situações, tosse Com base na ligação temporal com o ciclo menstrual, a suspeita diagnóstica é verificada por exames de imagem, como tomografia computadorizada, radiografia de tórax, e, em certos casos, por toracoscopia, que permite a visualização direta das lesões endometrióticas. O manejo do pneumotórax catamenial é um desafio para o profissional médico, pois deve-se de forma simultânea a causa base do quadro. Ou seja, faz-se imperativo um tratamento concomitante da endometriose Para tal, tratamentos hormonais, como os anticoncepcionais orais, têm sido utilizados para suprimir a menstruação e, como resultado, prevenir a recorrência Diante da refratariedade, a opção cirúrgica pode ser necessária para restaurar o diafragma e excisar as lesões endometrióticas. O pneumotórax catamenial é raro e, portanto, requer um alto índice de suspeição clínica, especialmente em mulheres em idade reprodutiva que apresentam pneumotórax recorrente sem explicação aparente Por isso, o seu diagnóstico pode passar despercebido. Compreender essa condição é essencial para formular planos de tratamento eficazes e melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas pacientes.
Building Culture From the Middle Out: Leading Change Through Your Zone of Influence
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: August 2024

This article provides a framework for implementing sustainable cultural change within organizations from the middle levels out, rather than solely top-down directives. It explores how organizations' cultures emerge through daily interactions and the limitations of leadership-mandated shifts. The concept of one's "zone of influence" is introduced as the sphere of impact natural to each person's current role. Strategies are outlined for leveraging daily interactions, meetings, networks and processes under individuals' control to subtly shift behaviors and mindsets from the grassroots. Industry examples demonstrate how coordinated grassroots efforts can compound over time into organization-wide cultural evolution. The framework equips readers with an empowering approach for cultural evolution through cultivating everyday change agents throughout all levels of the organization.
Instructional Observation of Positive Teacher Behavior Assessment Strategy in Elementary Classroom Activities
Authors: Stevani Margaret
Published: August 2024

Background. This study examined how positive teachers' behavior impacted young learners' engagement in elementary school.
It focused on two main aspects: how well young learners followed instructions and how teachers delivered clear instructions during classroom activities.
Purpose. The central question was whether observing positive teachers’ behaviors during instruction could boost young learners' participation.Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzed the structure of positive instructions, including direct commands, questions, statements, and clarification requests through observation and recording. This research involved 8 teachers from an International Elementary School in North Sumatra and 24 young learners.
Method. To ensure the reliability of the findings, this research used content validity and inter-rater reliability. The results provided a specific measure for evaluating elementary teachers' instructional practices through observation. It highlighted their abilities to manage classroom transitions and provide clear guidance to young learners during activities that can positively impact their academic motivation.
Results. This research conclude the constructive instruction of teachers in lesson teaching  by combining social, communication, and emotional regulation skills through by calculating young learners' participation scores.
Utilization of Learning Videos Using Canva in Learning Social Studies
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Rahmatul Aji Arif , Syutri Halimah
Published: August 2024

Background. This discussion is about the use of canva software as a thematic learning video for Class V Semester I Theme two Subtheme 1 Learning three at State Elementary School 05 IX Koto, Dharmasraya Regency
Purpose The purpose of this research is to find out the development of students' needs for learning media in the form of animated videos using the Canva application in learning Social Studies (IPS).
Method. The analysis carried out is to find out the use of media at the time of the teaching and learning process in Social Studies lessons online or virtually. The instrument used in this study uses a questionnaire or questionnaire with quantitative data types and is a closed questionnaire. This questionnaire is distributed via google form in the form of a link that students must fill out virtually.
Results. The results of this analysis show that from 10 educators and 163 students in class IV (four) in nine elementary schools (SD) in Jakarta and Wonogiri prove that 90% of teachers state that they need and agree to use animated video media based on canva applications that are interesting, 90% of educators say they need and agree to use animated video media based on canva applications that are good and 83.4% of students say they need to use canva application video media in learning social studies (Social Studies).
Conclusion. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there should be a development of animated video media based on the canva application in social studies learning.
Implementation Of Epistemology In Arabic Language Learning: As A Theoretical Study
Authors: Saputra Prayoga , Laili Maulidiyah Robi’atul , Muhammad Habibullah , Fadli Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Background. This article delves into the realm of epistemology, a crucial branch of the philosophy of science that explores the nature of knowledge and its reflection on human reality.
Method. The research methodology involves library research and descriptive research, with data collected from various reading materials, contributing to a comprehensive exploration of epistemology and its role in language education.
Purpose. The research aims to 1) comprehend the concept of educational epistemology and 2) ascertain the role of epistemology in Arabic language learning. By achieving these objectives, the study seeks to provide insights into the application of philosophical knowledge in Arabic language education, specifically addressing the four language skills: listening, writing, speaking, and reading.
Results. The discussion reveals three distinct epistemologies in Arabic language learning: Bayani emphasizes textual authority, Irfani relies on experiential knowledge through spiritual exercises, and Burhani relies solely on reason and logical evidence. These epistemologies shape the approach to understanding and acquiring knowledge, offering diverse perspectives within the context of Arabic language education.Top of Form.
Conclusion. In conclusion, this article provides valuable insights into the essence of epistemology, its diverse applications in Arabic language learning, and the philosophical underpinnings of language education.
Finite and fixed-time synchronization of memristive chaotic systems based on sliding mode reaching law
Authors: Lai Qiang , Wang Jun ,   School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
Published: August 2024

Two innovative sliding mode control laws based on the convergence principle of reaching law are presented in this work. These control laws are used to achieve both finite-time and fixed-time synchronization for a specific class of memristive chaotic system, which are known for their intricate and complex dynamical behaviors. By utilizing these control strategies, we can effectively manage the synchronization process and ensure rapid convergence. Firstly, for the finite-time synchronization issue, a novel power reaching law is derived. Compared with the conventional reaching law, the reaching law presented in this work has a prominent advantage that the chattering of the sliding mode control is reduced to a lesser extent and the speed of reaching the sliding surface is quicker. An upper bound of the stabilization time, which is dependent on the initial conditions of the system, is obtained and the system is proved stable. For the fixed time synchronization problem, a new double power reaching law is put forward to minimize the chattering and accelerate the convergence. Then, by utilizing the fixed time stability theory, the upper bound of the convergence time that remains invariant with the initial value of the system is derived. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical derivation in this paper, two sets of control experiments are set up and the influences of the two control laws on the system synchronization state are compared. The experimental phenomenon strongly proves the accuracy of the proposed theorem.
Re-focusing visual working memory during expected and unexpected memory tests
Authors: Wang Sisi , van Ede Freek
Published: August 2024

A classic distinction from the domain of external attention is that between anticipatory orienting and subsequent re-orienting of attention to unexpected events. Whether and how humans also re-orient attention ‘in mind’ following expected and unexpected working-memory tests remains elusive. We leveraged spatial modulations in neural activity and gaze to isolate re-orienting within the spatial layout of visual working memory following central memory tests of certain, expected, or unexpected mnemonic content. Besides internal orienting after predictive cues, we unveil a second stage of internal attentional deployment following both expected and unexpected memory tests. Following expected tests, internal attentional deployment was not contingent on prior orienting, suggesting an additional verification – “double checking” – in memory. Following unexpected tests, re-focusing of alternative memory content was prolonged. This brings attentional re-orienting to the domain of working memory and underscores how memory tests can invoke either a verification or a revision of our internal focus.
An applicable and efficient retrograde monosynaptic circuit mapping tool for larval zebrafish
Authors: Chen Tian-Lun , Deng Qiu-Sui , Lin Kun-Zhang , Zheng Xiu-Dan , Wang Xin , Zhong Yong-Wei , Ning Xin-Yu , Li Ying , Xu Fu-Qiang , Du Jiu-Lin , Du Xu-Fei
Published: August 2024

The larval zebrafish is a vertebrate model for
in vivo
monitoring and manipulation of whole-brain neuronal activities. Tracing its neural circuits still remains challenging. Here we report an applicable methodology tailored for larval zebrafish to achieve efficient retrograde trans-monosynaptic tracing from genetically defined neurons via EnvA-pseudotyped glycoprotein-deleted rabies viruses. By combinatorially optimizing multiple factors involved, we identified the CVS strain trans-complemented with advanced expression of N2cG at 36°C as the optimal combination. It yielded a tracing efficiency of up to 20 inputs per starter cell. Its low cytotoxicity enabled the viable labeling and calcium imaging of infected neurons 10 days post-infection, spanning larval ages commonly used for functional examination. Cre-dependent labeling was further developed to enable input cell-type-specific tracing and circuit reconstruction. We mapped cerebellar circuits and uncovered the ipsilateral preference and subtype specificity of granule cell-to-Purkinje cell connections. Our method offers an efficient way for tracing neural circuits in larval zebrafish.
Defining cell type-specific immune responses in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis by single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Liu Youxi , Yin Meimei , Mao Xiaoting , Wu Shuai , Wei Shuangping , Heng Shujun , Yang Yichun , Huang Jinwen , Guo Zhuolin , Li Chuan , Ji Chao , Hu Liu , Liu Wenjie , Zhang Ling-juan
Published: August 2024

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a prevalent inflammatory skin disease, is elicited upon repeated skin contact with protein-reactive chemicals through a complex and poorly characterized cellular network between immune cells and skin resident cells. Here, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the murine hapten-elicited model of ACD reveals that upon elicitation of ACD, infiltrated CD4
+
or CD8
+
lymphocytes were primarily the IFNγ-producing type 1 central memory phenotype. In contrast, type 2 cytokines (IL4 and IL13) were dominantly expressed by basophils, IL17A was primarily expressed by δγ T cells, and IL1β was identified as the primary cytokine expressed by activated neutrophils/monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, analysis of skin resident cells identified a sub-cluster of dermal fibroblasts with preadipocyte signature as a prominent target for IFNγ
+
lymphocytes and dermal source for key T cell chemokines CXCL9/10. IFNγ treatment shifted dermal fibroblasts from collagen-producing to CXCL9/10-producing, which promoted T cell polarization toward the type-1 phenotype through a CXCR3-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, targeted deletion of
Ifngr1
in dermal fibroblasts in mice reduced
Cxcl9/10
expression, dermal infiltration of CD8
+
T cell, and alleviated ACD inflammation in mice. Finally, we showed that IFNγ
+
CD8
+
T cells and CXCL10-producing dermal fibroblasts co-enriched in the dermis of human ACD skin. Together, our results define the cell type-specific immune responses in ACD, and recognize an indispensable role of dermal fibroblasts in shaping the development of type-1 skin inflammation through the IFNGR-CXCR3 signaling circuit during ACD pathogenesis.
Spatial integration of sensory input and motor output in Pseudomonas aeruginosa chemotaxis through colocalized distribution
Authors: Wu Zhengyu , Tian Maojin , Fu Sanyuan , Chen Min , Zhang Rongjing , Yuan Junhua
Published: August 2024

The opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
serves as a model organism for studying multiple signal transduction pathways. The chemoreceptor cluster, a core component of the chemotaxis pathway, is assembled from hundreds of proteins. The unipolar distribution of receptor clusters has long been recognized, yet the precise mechanism governing their assembly remains elusive. Here, we directly observed the relative positions of the flagellar motor and chemoreceptor cluster using flagellar filament labeling and gene editing techniques. Surprisingly, we found that both are located at the same cell pole, with the distribution pattern controlled by the polar anchor protein FlhF. Additionally, the efficient assembly of the chemoreceptor cluster is partially dependent on the integrity of the motor structure. Furthermore, we discovered that overexpression of the chemotaxis regulatory protein CheY leads to high intracellular levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP, triggering cell aggregation. Therefore, the colocalization of the chemoreceptor cluster and flagellum in
P. aeruginosa
serves to avoid cross-pathway signaling interference, enabling cells to conduct various physiological activities in an orderly manner.
Pseudo-grading of tumor subpopulations from single-cell transcriptomic data using Phenotype Algebra
Authors: Bhattacharya Namrata , Rockstroh Anja , Deshpande Sanket Suhas , Thomas Sam Koshy , Yadav Anunay , Goswami Chitrita , Chawla Smriti , Solomon Pierre , Fourgeux Cynthia , Ahuja Gaurav , Hollier Brett G , Kumar Himanshu , Roquilly Antoine , Poschmann Jeremie , Lehman Melanie , Nelson Colleen C , Sengupta Debarka
Published: August 2024

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) coupled with robust computational analysis facilitates the characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity within tumors. Current scRNA-seq analysis pipelines are capable of identifying a myriad of malignant and non-malignant cell subtypes from single-cell profiling of tumors. However, given the extent of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, it is challenging to assess the risk associated with individual malignant cell subpopulations, primarily due to the complexity of the cancer phenotype space and the lack of clinical annotations associated with tumor scRNA-seq studies. To this end, we introduce SCellBOW, a scRNA-seq analysis framework inspired by document embedding techniques from the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP). SCellBOW is a novel computational approach that facilitates effective identification and high-quality visualization of single-cell subpopulations. We compared SCellBOW with existing best practice methods for its ability to precisely represent phenotypically divergent cell types across multiple scRNA-seq datasets, including our in-house generated human splenocyte and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) dataset. For malignant cells, SCellBOW estimates the relative risk associated with each cluster and stratifies them based on their aggressiveness. This is achieved by simulating how the presence or absence of a specific malignant cell subpopulation influences disease prognosis. Using SCellBOW, we identified a hitherto unknown and pervasive AR−/NE
low
(androgen-receptor-negative, neuroendocrine-low) malignant subpopulation in metastatic prostate cancer with conspicuously high aggressiveness. Overall, the risk-stratification capabilities of SCellBOW hold promise for formulating tailored therapeutic interventions by identifying clinically relevant tumor subpopulations and their impact on prognosis.
Structural basis for molecular assembly of fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins in a diatom photosystem I supercomplex
Authors: Kato Koji , Nakajima Yoshiki , Xing Jian , Kumazawa Minoru , Ogawa Haruya , Shen Jian-Ren , Ifuku Kentaro , Nagao Ryo
Published: August 2024

Photosynthetic organisms display considerable diversity in light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). LHCs are attached to photosystem I (PSI), contributing to the formation of the PSI-LHCI supercomplex. The number of LHCIs and their protein and pigment compositions have been found to differ greatly among the PSI-LHCI structures. However, it remains unclear how LHCIs recognize their specific binding sites in the PSI core. In this study, we elucidated the cryo-electron microscopic structure of a PSI supercomplex incorporating fucoxanthin chlorophyll
a
/
c
-binding proteins (FCPs), designated as PSI-FCPI, isolated from the diatom
Thalassiosira pseudonana
CCMP1335. The structural analysis of PSI-FCPI revealed a composition of five FCPI subunits associated with a PSI monomer, specifically identified as RedCAP, Lhcr3, Lhcq10, Lhcf10, and Lhcq8. Through structural and sequence analyses, we identified distinct protein-protein interactions at the interfaces between FCPI and PSI subunits, as well as among FCPI subunits themselves. Comparative structural analyses of PSI-FCPI supercomplexes and phylogenetic analysis of FCPs across
T. pseudonana
and the diatom
Chaetoceros gracilis
highlight the evolutionary conservation of protein motifs crucial for the selective binding of individual FCPI subunits. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the assembly and selective binding of FCPIs in diatoms.
Accelerated spike-triggered non-negative matrix factorization reveals coordinated ganglion cell subunit mosaics in the primate retina
Authors: Zapp Sören J , Khani Mohammad H , Schreyer Helene M , Sridhar Shashwat , Ramakrishna Varsha , Krüppel Steffen , Mietsch Matthias , Protti Dario A , Karamanlis Dimokratis , Gollisch Tim
Published: August 2024

A standard circuit motif in sensory systems is the pooling of sensory information from an upstream neuronal layer. A downstream neuron thereby collects signals across different locations in stimulus space, which together compose the neuron’s receptive field. In addition, nonlinear transformations in the signal transfer between the layers give rise to functional subunits inside the receptive field. For ganglion cells in the vertebrate retina, for example, receptive field subunits are thought to correspond to presynaptic bipolar cells. Identifying the number and locations of subunits from the stimulus–response relationship of a recorded ganglion cell has been an ongoing challenge in order to characterize the retina’s functional circuitry and to build computational models that capture nonlinear signal pooling. Here we present a novel version of spike-triggered non-negative matrix factorization (STNMF), which can extract localized subunits in ganglion-cell receptive fields from recorded spiking responses under spatiotemporal white-noise stimulation. The method provides a more than 100-fold speed increase compared to a previous implementation, which can be harnessed for systematic screening of hyperparameters, such as sparsity regularization. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of this approach by analyzing populations of ganglion cells from salamander and primate retina. We find that subunits of midget as well as parasol ganglion cells in the marmoset retina form separate mosaics that tile visual space. Moreover, subunit mosaics show alignment with each other for ON and OFF midget as well as for ON and OFF parasol cells, indicating a spatial coordination of ON and OFF signals at the bipolar-cell level. Thus, STNMF can reveal organizational principles of signal transmission between successive neural layers, which are not easily accessible by other means.
Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Analysis and in Silico Antimalarial Activity Studies of Compounds from Leaves Extracts of Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze
Authors: Olalubi Oluwasogo A. , Ajiboye Abdulfatai T. , Abdulameed Hassan T, , Kamal Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Background: Malaria remains the deadliest infectious diseases in many tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria and other West African countries where its transmission occurs all year round. In many inhabitants, medicinal plants are traditionally used as remedies against the symptoms of acute malaria because of their efficacious properties demonstrated by their phytoconstituents. Mitragyna inermis is one of the medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Nigeria for the treatment of various human diseases including malaria.
Methods: We identified the phytochemical constituents of the methanol leaves extract of M.  Inermis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Furthermore, the in silico antimalarial study was conducted by investigating the binding interactions of the identified compounds with plasmepsin II, a key enzyme implicated in malaria pathogenesis using EH58 reference ligand by employing molecular docking techniques.
Results: A total number of 40 compounds were identified from the extract of M.inermis, and cis-13,16-docasadienoic acid (12. 33 %) was identified as the major phytochemical. Other phytochemicals like Pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(methylpropyl), 3-benzyl-6-methyl-2,5-piperazinedione, 2,5 dibenzyloxynitrobenzene, carbonic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl neopentyl ester were found but in trace amounts. The results of molecular docking studies predicted interactions of compounds from M. inermis with plasmepsin II enzyme. Five top-scoring bioactive compounds were selected based on their binding energies (docking scores) upon docking with target protein, with compound 2, (2,5-dibenzyloxynitrobenzene) exhibiting the best binding affinity. ADME properties indicated favorable drug-like characteristics for these compounds, while toxicity predictions showed hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic assessments revealed high gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability for compound 2, and inhibition potential against CYP enzymes for certain compounds, offering insights into their therapeutic potential against malaria.
Conclusion: The molecular docking analysis revealed the potential of phytochemicals from M. inermis to interact effectively with plasmepsin II enzyme, showing promising antimalarial potentials. The identified compounds exhibited favorable drug-like properties and minimal toxicity concerns, highlighting their potential as candidates for further exploration in the development of antimalarial agents.
A strategy for representing the effects of convective momentum transport in multiscale models: Evaluation using a new superparameterized version of the Weather Research and Forecast model (SP‐WRF)
Authors: Tulich S. N.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes a general method for the treatment of convective momentum transport (CMT) in large‐scale dynamical solvers that use a cyclic, two‐dimensional (2‐D) cloud‐resolving model (CRM) as a “superparameterization” of convective‐system‐scale processes. The approach is similar in concept to traditional parameterizations of CMT, but with the distinction that both the scalar transport and diagnostic pressure gradient force are calculated using information provided by the 2‐D CRM. No assumptions are therefore made concerning the role of convection‐induced pressure gradient forces in producing up or down‐gradient CMT. The proposed method is evaluated using a new superparameterized version of the Weather Research and Forecast model (SP‐WRF) that is described herein for the first time. Results show that the net effect of the formulation is to modestly reduce the overall strength of the large‐scale circulation, via “cumulus friction.” This statement holds true for idealized simulations of two types of mesoscale convective systems, a squall line, and a tropical cyclone, in addition to real‐world global simulations of seasonal (1 June to 31 August) climate. In the case of the latter, inclusion of the formulation is found to improve the depiction of key synoptic modes of tropical wave variability, in addition to some aspects of the simulated time‐mean climate. The choice of CRM orientation is also found to importantly affect the simulated time‐mean climate, apparently due to changes in the explicit representation of wide‐spread shallow convective regions.
Temporal stability and origin of chemoclines in the deep hypersaline anoxic Urania basin
Authors: Goldhammer Tobias , Schwärzle Andreas , Aiello Ivano W. , Zabel Matthias
Published: June 2015

Submarine brine lakes feature sharp and persistent concentration gradients between seawater and brine, though these should be smoothed out by free diffusion in open ocean settings. The anoxic Urania basin of the eastern Mediterranean contains an ultrasulfidic, hypersaline brine of Messinian origin above a thick layer of suspended sediments. With a dual modeling approach we reconstruct its contemporary stratification by geochemical solute transport fundamentals and show that thermal convection is required to maintain mixing in the brine and mud layer. The origin of the Urania basin stratification was dated to 1650 years B.P., which may be linked to a major earthquake in the region. The persistence of the chemoclines may be key to the development of diverse and specialized microbial communities. Ongoing thermal convection in the fluid mud layer may have important yet unresolved consequences for sedimentological and geochemical processes, also in similar environments.
Evaluation of the Argo network using statistical space‐time scales derived from satellite altimetry data
Authors: Kuragano Tsurane , Fujii Yosuke , Kamachi Masafumi
Published: June 2015

This study evaluates capability of the Argo observation network for monitoring ocean variation, especially for eddy‐scale variation, by using an optimum interpolation (OI) procedure. Sea surface dynamic height anomalies (DHAs) are derived from Argo temperature and salinity profile data, and DHA fields are obtained by the OI based on the space‐time correlation scales estimated from along‐track sea level anomaly (SLA) data by satellite altimetry. The DHA fields are compared with the SLA fields derived from the same OI applied to the along‐track SLA data. The results show that the equatorial Kelvin waves and tropical instability waves are well captured by Argo floats. Eddies are also monitored effectively in the subtropical western North Pacific. The OI results of DHA do not agree well with those of SLA in the high latitudes. A simple test of the space‐time OI analysis shows that more than six data in the e‐folding domain, where the correlation coefficient of ocean variation is above e−1, are required for the reliable analysis with 99% confidence level. Argo floats provide sufficient number of observations for the reliable analysis in the low latitudes and some areas in the North Pacific. Two to three times more Argo data would be required in most of midlatitudes and much more in high latitudes for capturing eddy‐scale variation.
Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Severe Plastic Deformation: A New Paradigm of SPD Processing
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Estrin Yuri , Kulagin Roman
Published: June 2015

An emerging direction of research into severe plastic deformation (SPD), which we refer to as SPD‐induced synthesis of hybrid materials, is presented. At its core is the creation of inner structure made from various materials within the bulk of a solid. As distinct from the traditional metal forming, SPD‐induced synthesis produces an engineered inner architecture of the solid without changing its exterior geometry. The possibilities of the SPD techniques with regard to materials synthesis are demonstrated. Research in this nascent area will open up new avenues for fabrication of advanced hybrid materials, while also posing a number of challenging scientific problems. A particular application discussed concerns the development of hybrid ultrafine‐grained materials with enhanced structural ductility.
Nanofluidic Transport through Isolated Carbon Nanotube Channels: Advances, Controversies, and Challenges
Authors: Guo Shirui , Meshot Eric R. , Kuykendall Tevye , Cabrini Stefano , Fornasiero Francesco
Published: June 2015

Owing to their simple chemistry and structure, controllable geometry, and a plethora of unusual yet exciting transport properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as exceptional channels for fundamental nanofluidic studies, as well as building blocks for future fluidic devices that can outperform current technology in many applications. Leveraging the unique fluidic properties of CNTs in advanced systems requires a full understanding of their physical origin. Recent advancements in nanofabrication technology enable nanofluidic devices to be built with a single, nanometer‐wide CNT as a fluidic pathway. These novel platforms with isolated CNT nanochannels offer distinct advantages for establishing quantitative structure–transport correlations in comparison with membranes containing many CNT pores. In addition, they are promising components for single‐molecule sensors as well as for building nanotube‐based circuits wherein fluidics and electronics can be coupled. With such advanced device architecture, molecular and ionic transport can be manipulated with vastly enhanced control for applications in sensing, separation, detection, and therapeutic delivery. Recent achievements in fabricating isolated‐CNT nanofluidic platforms are highlighted, along with the most‐significant findings each platform enables for water, ion, and molecular transport. The implications of these findings and remaining open questions on the exceptional fluidic properties of CNTs are also discussed.
Shear dispersion in combined pressure‐driven and electro‐osmotic flows in a capillary tube with a porous wall
Authors: Dejam Morteza , Hassanzadeh Hassan , Chen Zhangxin
Published: June 2015

An analytical expression is derived for the shear dispersion during transport of a neutral nonreacting solute within a coupled system comprised of a capillary tube and a porous medium under the combined effects of pressure‐driven and electro‐osmotic flows. We use the Reynolds decomposition technique to obtain a dispersion coefficient by considering a sufficiently low wall or zeta potential that accounts for the combined flows. The coupled dispersion coefficient depends on the Debye–Hückel parameter, Poiseuille contribution fraction, and Péclet number. The developed model also provides a shear dispersion coefficient for an impervious capillary tube (noncoupled system). The ratio of the coupled (porous wall) and noncoupled (impervious) dispersion coefficients reveals that it is essential to include the transport of chemical species from the tube to the porous medium in several important physical situations. These findings have implications for design of chemical species transport in porous microfluidic networks and separation of emulsions in microchannel‐membrane systems. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3981–3995, 2015
Dissipativity‐based distributed model predictive control with low rate communication
Authors: Zheng Chaoxu , Tippett Michael James , Bao Jie , Liu Jinfeng
Published: June 2015

Distributed or networked model predictive control (MPC) can provide a computationally efficient approach that achieves high levels of performance for plantwide control, where the interactions between processes can be determined from the information exchanged among controllers. Distributed controllers may exchange information at a lower rate to reduce the communication burden. A dissipativity‐based analysis is developed to study the effects of low communication rates on plantwide control performance and stability. A distributed dissipativity‐based MPC design approach is also developed to guarantee the plantwide stability and minimum plantwide performance with low communication rates. These results are illustrated by a case study of a reactor‐distillation column network. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3288–3303, 2015
Self‐(Un)rolling Biopolymer Microstructures: Rings, Tubules, and Helical Tubules from the Same Material
Authors: Ye Chunhong , Nikolov Svetoslav V. , Calabrese Rossella , Dindar Amir , Alexeev Alexander , Kippelen Bernard , Kaplan David L. , Tsukruk Vladimir V.
Published: June 2015

We have demonstrated the facile formation of reversible and fast self‐rolling biopolymer microstructures from sandwiched active–passive, silk‐on‐silk materials. Both experimental and modeling results confirmed that the shape of individual sheets effectively controls biaxial stresses within these sheets, which can self‐roll into distinct 3D structures including microscopic rings, tubules, and helical tubules. This is a unique example of tailoring self‐rolled 3D geometries through shape design without changing the inner morphology of active bimorph biomaterials. In contrast to traditional organic‐soluble synthetic materials, we utilized a biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymer that underwent a facile aqueous layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly process for the fabrication of 2D films. The resulting films can undergo reversible pH‐triggered rolling/unrolling, with a variety of 3D structures forming from biopolymer structures that have identical morphology and composition.
Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Cleavage of a SiSi Double Bond
Authors: Hickox Hunter P. , Wang Yuzhong , Xie Yaoming , Chen Mingwei , Wei Pingrong , Schaefer Henry F. , Robinson Gregory H.
Published: June 2015

Reaction of carbene‐stabilized disilicon (1) with Fe(CO)5gives the 1:1 adduct L:SiSi[Fe(CO)4]:L (L:=C{N(2,6‐Pri2C6H3)CH}2) (2) at room temperature. At raised temperature, however,2may react with another equivalent of Fe(CO)5to give L:Si[μ‐Fe2(CO)6](μ‐CO)Si:L (3) through insertion of both CO and Fe2(CO)6into the Si2core, which represents the first experimental realization of transition metal‐carbonyl‐mediated cleavage of a SiSi double bond. The structures and bonding of both2and3have been investigated by spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational methods.
Involvement of Long‐Lived Intermediate States in the Complex Folding Pathway of the Human Telomeric G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Bessi Irene , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Richter Christian , Schwalbe Harald
Published: June 2015

The energy landscapes of human telomeric G‐quadruplexes are complex, and their folding pathways have remained largely unexplored. By using real‐time NMR spectroscopy, we investigated the K+‐induced folding of the human telomeric DNA sequence 5′‐TTGGG(TTAGGG)3A‐3′. Three long‐lived states were detected during folding: a major conformation (hybrid‐1), a previously structurally uncharacterized minor conformation (hybrid‐2), and a partially unfolded state. The minor hybrid‐2 conformation is formed faster than the more stable hybrid‐1 conformation. Equilibration of the two states is slow and proceeds via a partially unfolded intermediate state, which can be described as an ensemble of hairpin‐like structures.
Optical Absorption and Magnetic Field Effect Based Imaging of Transient Radicals
Authors: Beardmore Joshua P. , Antill Lewis M. , Woodward Jonathan R.
Published: June 2015

Short‐lived radicals generated in the photoexcitation of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in aqueous solution at low pH are detected with high sensitivity and spatial resolution using a newly developed transient optical absorption detection (TOAD) imaging microscope. Radicals can be studied under both flash photolysis and continuous irradiation conditions, providing a means of directly probing potential biological magnetoreception within sub‐cellular structures. Direct spatial imaging of magnetic field effects (MFEs) by magnetic intensity modulation (MIM) imaging is demonstrated along with transfer and inversion of the magnetic field sensitivity of the flavin semiquinone radical concentration to that of the ground state of the flavin under strongly pumped reaction cycling conditions. A low field effect (LFE) on the flavin semiquinone–adenine radical pair is resolved for the first time, with important implications for biological magnetoreception through the radical pair mechanism.
Uncovering social semantics from textual traces: A theory‐driven approach and evidence from public statements ofU.S.Members ofCongress
Authors: Lin Yu‐Ru , Margolin Drew , Lazer David
Published: June 2015

The increasing abundance of digital textual archives provides an opportunity for understanding human social systems. Yet the literature has not adequately considered the disparate social processes by which texts are produced. Drawing on communication theory, we identify three common processes by which documents might be detectably similar in their textual features—authorssharing subject matter,sharing goals, andsharing sources. We hypothesize that these processes produce distinct, detectable relationships between authors in different kinds of textual overlap. We develop a noveln‐gram extraction technique to capture such signatures based onn‐grams of different lengths. We test the hypothesis on a corpus where the author attributes are observable: the public statements of the members of theU.S.Congress. This article presents the first empirical finding that shows different social relationships are detectable through the structure of overlapping textual features. Our study has important implications for designing text modeling techniques to make sense of social phenomena from aggregate digital traces.
Journal portfolio analysis for countries, cities, and organizations: Maps and comparisons
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Heimeriks Gaston , Rotolo Daniele
Published: June 2015

Using Web of Science data, portfolio analysis in terms of journal coverage can be projected onto a base map for units of analysis such as countries, cities, universities, and firms. The units of analysis under study can be compared statistically across the 10,000+ journals. The interdisciplinarity of the portfolios is measured using Rao‐Stirling diversity or Zhang et al.'s improved measure 2D3. At the country level we find regional differentiation (e.g., Latin American or Asian countries), but also a major divide between advanced and less‐developed countries. Israel and Israeli cities outperform other nations and cities in terms of diversity. Universities appear to be specifically related to firms when a number of these units are exploratively compared. The instrument is relatively simple and straightforward, and one can generalize the application to any document set retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS). Further instruction is provided online at http://www.leydesdorff.net/portfolio.
PBPK modeling of irbesartan: incorporation of hepatic uptake
Authors: Chapy Helene , Klieber Sylvie , Brun Priscilla , Gerbal‐Chaloin Sabine , Boulenc Xavier , Nicolas Olivier
Published: June 2015

Physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is now commonly used in drug development to integrate human or animal physiological data in order to predict pharmacokinetic profiles. The aim of this work was to construct and refine a PBPK model of irbesartan taking into account its active uptake via OATP1B1/B3 in order to predict more accurately its pharmacokinetic profile using Simcyp®. The activity and expression of the human hepatocyte transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were studied. The relative activity factors (RAFs) for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters were calculated from intrinsic clearances obtained by concentration dependent uptake experiments in human hepatocytes and HEK overexpressing cells: RAF1B1 using estrone‐3‐sulfate and pitavastatine clearances, and RAF1B3 using cholecystokinine octapeptide (CCK‐8) clearances. The relative expression factor (REF) was calculated by comparing immunoblotting of hepatocytes (REFHH) or tissues (REFtissue) with those of overexpressing HEK cells for each transporter. These scaling factors were applied in a PBPK model of irbesartan using the Simcyp® simulator. Pharmacokinetic simulation using REFHH (1.82 for OATP1B1, 8.03 for OATP1B3) as an extrapolation factor was the closest to the human clinical pharmacokinetic profile of irbesartan. These investigations show the importance of integrating the contribution of the active uptake of a drug in the liver to improve PBPK modeling. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Older Professional Women's Views on Work: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Whiston Susan C. , Feldwisch Rachel P. , Evans Kelsee M. , Blackman Chelsea S. , Gilman Lynn
Published: June 2015

This qualitative study reports on the career experiences of older professional women using consensual qualitative research. Thirteen women over age 50 were interviewed regarding the influences of gender and age on work. In general, all participants reported career adaptability, and many participants also reported specific subthemes of career adaptability (i.e., concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) as resources. These subthemes denote participants' future orientation, self‐discipline as evidenced by their conscientiousness in career decisions, active information seeking, and certitude that they have the ability to solve career‐related problems. Relationships with colleagues were also considered critical, and participants acknowledged the benefits and drawbacks of being a woman and being older. These women were able to achieve flexibility and autonomy in their work and spoke about the importance of work–family balance and boundaries. Practitioners are encouraged to consider how career adaptability is manifested within the interplay between gender and age, because this can influence career counseling with older women.
Time Perspective and Vocational Identity Statuses of Emerging Adults
Authors: Taber Brian J. , Blankemeyer Maureen S.
Published: June 2015

Achievement of a vocational identity is an important developmental task for individuals entering adulthood. The present study examined relationships between vocational identity statuses and time perspective in a sample of 165 emerging adults. Results of a canonical correlation analysis identified 2 interpretable variates. The 1st variate indicated that diffuse vocational identity status is associated with negative views of the past and lower orientation toward the future. The 2nd variate indicated that achieved vocational identity is associated with a largely hedonic view of the present, along with being mindful and less inclined to be fatalistic. These results suggest that differing views on time perspective accounts for some of the variation in different vocational identity statuses. Interventions based on time perspective may prove useful in helping individuals attain an achieved vocational identity. Future research should examine how time perspective relates to vocational identity status in individuals at later stages of career development.