bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGIA DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL HUMANA NO BRASIL: IMPACTO DA MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA NAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: SAMPAIO MHS , FARIA GG , LOURENÇO JFM , THOMAZ J , BARBON CF , RISSATTO BV , TOMÁS NJV , SILVA VAN , SILVA GCM , OLIVEIRA Vinícius José de
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a epidemiologia da leishmaniose visceral (LV) no Brasil e discutir a relevância do Médico Veterinário no controle dessa zoonose. A metodologia empregada consiste em um estudo epidemiológico de natureza quantitativa, transversal, ecológica e descritiva, utilizando dados referentes às notificações de LV no Brasil no período de 2012 a 2024, extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). A discussão foi embasada por uma revisão sucinta da literatura que aborda o papel do Médico Veterinário nas estratégias de prevenção e controle da LV. Os resultados revelaram a notificação de 50.084 casos de leishmaniose visceral no país, evidenciando que homens de raça parda, com idade entre 20 e 39 anos e baixa escolaridade, são os mais acometidos pela doença. Também foram identificados casos em gestantes em diferentes estágios da gravidez, bem como coinfecções com HIV. A maioria das notificações referia-se a novos casos com diagnóstico laboratorial confirmado e evolução para cura. No entanto, foi observada uma alta frequência de informações incompletas ou ignoradas em várias variáveis analisadas. Em conclusão, destaca-se a importância da atuação conjunta do Médico Veterinário com equipes multiprofissionais no controle da leishmaniose visceral, enfatizando a promoção primária à saúde. Essa abordagem integrada contribui para a saúde humana e animal, promovendo a qualidade de vida e reduzindo os custos relacionados à gestão de surtos ou agravamentos de doenças zoonóticas.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA COINFECÇÃO ENTRE O MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS E O VÍRUS DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA HUMANA EM RESIDENTES DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: OLIVEIRA VJ , ALVES MES , CARNEIRO MM , OLIVEIRA MGLP , JUNIOR GA , CARVALHO EC , REBOUÇAS RR , DOMINGUES MF , MENDONÇA T , OLIVEIRA AJG
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: descrever a prevalência anual, a distribuição geográfica e as variáveis sociodemográficas da coinfecção HIV/TB em Goiás no período entre 2001 e 2022. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico, transversal, descritivo e de caráter quantitativo., utilizando dados referentes às notificações relacionadas a coinfecção no local e período supracitados, extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Resultados: foram notificados 2.042 casos, evidenciando que homens, da raça parda, na faixa etária entre 25 e 34 anos, com baixa escolaridade residentes em áreas urbanas e institucionalizados são os indivíduos mais acometidos. A maioria das notificações referia-se a novos casos, com TB do tipo pulmonar, com diagnóstico laboratorial confirmado e evolução para cura. As principais cidades goianas com notificação são Goiânia, Aparecida de Goiânia, Anápolis e Trindade. Conclusão: A coinfecção TB/HIV tem um impacto significativo na saúde pública de Goiás, exacerbando a vulnerabilidade dos indivíduos e sobrecarregando os sistemas de saúde. A interação entre as duas doenças resulta em maior morbidade e mortalidade, especialmente em populações com acesso limitado a diagnósticos rápidos e tratamento adequado. Portanto, é imprescindível que o estado invista em estratégias integradas de prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento eficaz para reduzir o impacto dessa coinfecção na população residente.
Voluntary self-poisoning in children – a silent call for help
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics I, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania, Condrea Andreia Mihaela , Dragomirescu Luiza Elena ,   Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, Brasov, Romania, Grama Alina Corina ,   “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania,   Department of Paediatrics I, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Voluntary self-poisoning represents nowadays a public health issue, being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. The psychological burden some children have to carry becomes heavier than their strength, fact that determine them to make their voices heard through self-hurting. Aim. The current study proposed to raise awareness upon the multiple cases of voluntary ingestions between children, to assess the reasons and, consequently, to find solutions to support our future generations. Materials and methods. This is an observational retrospective study performed by analyzing the medical data of the patients admitted to the Department of Pediatrics I, from the Clinical County Emergency Hospital Targu Mures, with the diagnostic of toxic substance ingestion, between 1st of January 2019 and 31st December 2022. The study group comprised of 204 children, who were exposed to harmful chemicals, 68 of them being voluntarily involved. Results. A slight increase in the number of cases have been observed during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Additionally, we identified that teenage girls were more prone to self-poison than pre-school boys, who were more susceptible to unintentionally ingest toxics. Low family income, abandon, scholar difficulties, use of alcohol and pregnancy were only some of the causes of producing emotional instability. Furthermore, the most preferable substances to consume were pharmaceuticals, especially psychotropics. Conclusion. The study is emphasizing the necessity to establish mental support systems for the children who struggle with past traumas. Founding trustful connections between the child and its family, school and health care professionals can help reduce the self-harm cases and even develop a much more emotionally stronger society.
NILAI-NILAI KEMANUSIAAN YANG MELINTAS BATAS KEAGAMAAN DALAM NARASI ORANG SAMARIA YANG BAIK HATI
Authors: Santo Joseph Christ
Published: October 2024

The narrative of the Good Samaritan as written in the Gospel of Luke is a familiar narrative among Christians. Some researchers have raised this narrative in terms of ethnic differences, but researchers are interested in examining this narrative from another point of view, namely religious differences. The dispute between the Jews and the Samaritans implied in this narrative is not only due to ethnic differences but also to religious differences. One of the religious conflicts that has occurred before is the imposition of Judaism on the Samaritans that occurred in Hyrcanus' time. Using a descriptive analysis approach, the researcher came to the conclusion that the narrative contains human values in terms of equality, compassion, and totality.
Communications Plan: Disney+
Authors: Kathiravan Manjunath
Published: October 2024

The main motive of this report is to develop social media marketing planning. Disney+ has been adopted to understand and evaluate its social media marketing plan. Therefore, this report helps to understand and examine the customer journey of Disney+ through which the awareness of the brand and its services are analysed that are offered to their consumers. The consumers also evaluate and explore the different benefits and subscription plans which are offered by the brand to satisfy the need and demands of their audiences. Disney+ also stream an online video at an affordable price which also motivates and encourages consumers to be loyal to the brand for a long period of time. The analysis of the social media audit of Disney+ has assisted in understanding the activities that are done on Instagram between 1 September 2022 to 30 September 2022. Disney+ gains the highest likes on their feeds are 4862 and the lowest likes are 128. Ultimately, it has been evaluated that the brand receive the highest likes on their feeds by sharing the videos is 4862 and has maximum engagement in the organisation is 38896.
The role of feedback in the development of managers
Authors: Cook Shelley , Steyn Renier
Published: October 2024

The landscape in which modern organisations operate is rapidly changing and requires managerial agility. This necessitates a frequent review of how managers are developed. The aim of this article is to examine the role of workplace feedback in employee development. This will be achieved by developing a contemporary and comprehensive definition of feedback and specifying the elements of feedback that are associated with managerial development. Employing a qualitative, non-systematic literature review approach, journal articles and textbooks published after 2015, with feedback as their primary theme, were systematically selected and analysed for their content as well as the seminal works they referred to. The analysed literature suggests that feedback forms part of a dynamic communication and learning process. Development-driven feedback is information presented to recipients regarding their behaviour and/or performance in executing work tasks, as assessed by supervisors, subordinates, peers, coworkers, or the recipients themselves, with the intent to enhance work relationships and job performance. The elements central to structuring feedback were identified as purpose, content, source, frequency, timing, and delivery. These elements are customised to meet workplace performance requirements, also taking individual skill sets and personalised needs into account. A broad base of academic literature was captured and integrated to reach a comprehensive understanding of feedback as a development intervention. It was concluded that, although complex, literature on feedback can be consolidated to present both an inclusive definition of the concept and the elements associated with it.
Circumbinary Disk Spectra Irradiated by Two Central Accretion Disks in a Binary Black Hole System
Authors: Lee Yunewoo , Okazaki Atsuo T. , Hayasaki Kimitake
Published: October 2024

We study the effect of irradiation from two accretion disks (minidisks) around respective black holes of stellar-to-intermediate masses in a circular binary on the spectrum of a circumbinary disk (CBD) surrounding them. We assume the CBD to be a standard disk and adopt the orbit-averaged irradiation flux because the viscous timescale is much longer than the orbital period. We then solve the energy equation both analytically and numerically to compute the CBD temperature distribution and the corresponding disk spectrum. We find that the analytically calculated spectra are in good agreement with the numerical ones. The CBD spectrum is almost independent of the binary mass ratio. We also find that the combined spectra of two minidisks and the CBD have double peaks, one peak in the soft X-ray band and the other in the infrared (IR) band. The former peak comes from the two minidisks, while the latter peak from the CBD. The observed flux density increases with frequency as ν
1/3 toward the soft X-ray peak, while it decreases with frequency away from the IR peak as ν
−5/3. The latter feature is testable with near-IR observations with Subaru and JWST.
Intense Star Cluster Formation: Stellar Masses, the Mass Function, and the Fundamental Mass Scale
Authors: Matzner Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Within the birth environment of a massive globular cluster, the combination of a luminous young stellar population and a high column density induces a state in which the thermal optical depth and radiation pressure are both appreciable. In this state, the sonic mass scale, which influences the peak of the stellar mass function, is tied to a fundamental scale composed of the Planck mass and the mass per particle. Thermal feedback also affects the opacity-limited minimum mass and how protostellar outflows and binary fragmentation modify stellar masses. Considering the regions that collapse to form massive stars, we argue that thermal stabilization is likely to flatten the high-mass slope of the initial mass function. Among regions that are optically thick to thermal radiation, we expect the stellar population to become increasingly top-heavy at higher column densities, although this effect can be offset by lowering the metallicity. A toy model is presented that demonstrates these effects and in which radiation pressure leads to gas dispersal before all of the mass is converted into stars.
Potential Chronological Disturbance of the D’Orbigny Angrite Inferred from Discordant 26Al Ages
Authors: Deligny Cécile , Piralla Maxime , Villeneuve Johan , Füri Evelyn , Marrocchi Yves
Published: October 2024

Angrites originate from the early-formed differentiated angrite parent body. The pristine volcanic angrite D’Orbigny is devoid of brecciation, shock effects, or any evidence of secondary processes and is thus key for studying the early stages of planetary accretion and differentiation. However, chronometers used to establish the formation chronology of angrites (including D’Orbigny) yield discordant ages, either (i) suggesting that secondary processes could have disturbed the apparent formation ages or (ii) being taken as evidence of heterogeneous distribution of 26Al in the early solar system. Yet spinel is minimally susceptible to secondary parent body processes and therefore a reliable target for establishing precise 26Al–26Mg ages. Here, we present the first in situ 26Al–26Mg analyses of spinel and plagioclase in D’Orbigny. Individual mineral assemblages provide distinct ages: olivine–spinel shows a well-defined isochron with an initial Al ratio ([26Al/27Al]i) of (5.39 ± 0.85) × 10−6, indicating formation at 2.35

+
0.25

−
0.22

Myr after the formation of calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), whereas plagioclase–olivine defines an isochron with [26Al/27Al]i = (7.46 ± 1.87) × 10−7, implying formation at 4.40

+
0.44

−
0.38

Myr after CAIs, consistent with previous MC-ICP-MS studies. This temporal gap can be attributed to secondary processes such as metamorphic or impact-generated diffusion. Thus, D’Orbigny and other angrites do not represent an immaculate anchor for chronometric comparison. This complexity should be considered in future studies, especially when using D’Orbigny as an anchor to discuss the chronology of the early solar system.
Updated Forecast for TRAPPIST-1 Times of Transit for All Seven Exoplanets Incorporating JWST Data
Authors: Agol Eric , Allen Natalie H. , Benneke Björn , Delrez Laetitia , Doyon René , Ducrot Elsa , Espinoza Néstor , Gressier Amélie , Lafrenière David , Lim Olivia , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Piaulet-Ghorayeb Caroline , Radica Michael , Rustamkulov Zafar , Sotzen Kristin S.
Published: October 2024

The TRAPPIST-1 system has been extensively observed with JWST in the near-infrared with the goal of detecting atmospheric transit transmission spectra of these temperate, Earth-sized exoplanets. A byproduct has been much more precise times of transit compared with prior available data from Spitzer, Hubble Space Telescope, or ground-based telescopes. In this note we use 23 new timing measurements of all seven planets in the near-infrared from five JWST observing programs to better forecast and constrain the future times of transit in this system. In particular, we note that the transit times of TRAPPIST-1h have drifted significantly from a prior published analysis by up to tens of minutes. Our newer forecast has a higher precision, with uncertainties ranging from 7 to 105 s during JWST Cycles 4 and 5. This forecast will help to improve planning of future observations of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, while we postpone a full dynamical analysis to future work.
Assessing drug-drug interactions: Prevalence, predictors, and their impact on in-hospital mortality in hospitalised haemodialysis patients
Authors: Alrifady Bilal Borweig , Khan Amer Hayat , Zawiah Mohammed , Elkarimi Abdulmunaim A. , Sulaiman Sayed Azhar Syed , Elreyani Nasruddin Emhemed
Published: October 2024

This retrospective observational study was conducted in Libya to examine the frequency and determinants of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among hospitalised haemodialysis inpatients between January 2018 and June 2020. The study highlighted a notable prevalence of DDIs among HD patients, with a prevalence rate of 71.1%. Regarding the identification of DDI predictors and their correlations with extended hospital stays and polypharmacy, regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors and outcomes. The study found that DDIs were associated with prolonged hospital stays and were independently linked to polypharmacy in HD patients. Furthermore, a significant clinical impact of DDIs on HD patients was observed, particularly in relation to in-hospital mortality.
Maesa flabellifera (Primulaceae), a new species from southeast Yunnan, China
Authors: Wei Dan , Xu Yuan , Hao Gang , Utteridge Timothy M. A.
Published: October 2024

Maesa flabellifera (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from southeast Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. This new species belongs to the informal long corolla-tube species group and is morphologically similar to M. permollis and M. kurzii, but can be distinguished by lacking hairs, membranaceous leaves and long panicles with 7−16 branches. According to the IUCN criteria, M. flabellifera is assessed as “Least Concern”.
Adelphomyia crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) of Korea with identification key for all Palaearctic species
Authors: Podenas Sigitas , Park Sun-Jae , Bae Changhwan
Published: October 2024

Limnophilinae crane flies belonging to the genus Adelphomyia Bergroth, 1891 of the Korean Peninsula were studied starting from 1937, but only one species A. macrotrichiata (Alexander, 1923) has been recorded from North Korea so far. The genus was unknown from South Korea. Four species were found during our studies on the Peninsula, one of them from Jeju Island described as new, Adelphomyia jejuana Podenas, sp. nov. Three species are recorded from both northern and southern parts of the Peninsula. Specimens on which was based the record of A. macrotrichiata from North Korea was misidentified and no more specimens were collected; therefore, A. macrotrichiata is deleted from the Korean species list. Habitat, elevation range, and seasonality data is presented for each species. Images of taxonomically important morphological characters, and an identification key for all Palaearctic species of the genus Adelphomyia are presented. Distribution maps are presented for all Korean species.
Conditions for extinction and ergodicity of a stochastic Mycobacterium tuberculosis model with Markov switching
Authors: He Ying , Bi Bo
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with a stochastic Mycobacterium tuberculosis model, which is perturbed by both white noise and colored noise. First, we prove that the stochastic model has a unique global positive solution. Second, we derive an important condition $ R_0^* $ depending on environmental noise for this stochastic model. We construct an appropriate Lyapunov function, and show that the model possesses a unique ergodic stationary distribution when $ R_0^* < 0 $, in other words, it indicates the long-term persistence of the disease. Finally, we investigate the related conditions of extinction.
Le patrimoine au singulier
Authors: Isnart Cyril
Published: October 2024

Les conceptions holistes constituent un paradigme classique de la patrimonialisation et renvoient à la construction de collectifs, de taille variable, qui mobilisent différents niveaux de prise de décision patrimoniale afin de défendre leur projet de reconnaissance culturelle. Même s’il participe à ces jeux d’échelles territoriales et sociales, l’ultime échelon, l’individu, est rarement pris en compte dans la littérature. En revenant sur le chantier co-dirigé avec Sylvie Sagnes sur les « sauveurs culturels », cette contribution tente de montrer tout l’intérêt, pour l’anthropologie du patrimoine, d’une articulation entre une lecture holiste classique et l’approche par les individus.
Involvement of Participation in Network Communication as a Factor of Its Sustainability
Authors: Kuzmina Anna M. , Kuzmin Alexey E.
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with the phenomenon of public policy and conditions of its formation through the contractual choice. Purpose of the research is to characterize the process of involving the target audience in the communication of non-profit organizations in social networks from the point of view of digitalization tasks. Research objectives are to determine a set of methods and tools in the media communication practice of working with the audience in social networks to increase the degree of involvement of the target audience in communication; to characterize parameters of audience reflection in various digital systems for its impact on engagement. Authors prove the hypothesis that network communication is necessary for providing the conventional basis for public policy formation and determines the sustainability of network interactions through the prism of contract choice. In addition, the authors determine the need to support the contract choice within the framework of communication of public sphere actors by the mechanism of their involvement in the digital communication process.
Prospects of Human-Centric Technology's Influence on Economic and Non-Economic Aspects of Public Life
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Plotnikov Vladimir , Barykin Sergey , Karmanova Anna , Kapustina Irina , Golubetskaya Natalya , Puchkov Alexander Igorevich , Sedyakina Anna , Loubochkin Mikhail , Hassan Ahdi
Published: October 2024

Human-centric technologies are one of the emerging trends in technological progress. The problems of its formation have not been studied well enough at the moment, which opens up a field for scientific research. In particular, the question of the impact of human-centric technologies on the economic and non-economic life of society remains open. Empirical methods of scientific research are used, in particular, to give disclosure the phenomena of scientific and technological progress at the present stage in the context of the study of human-centric technologies, and include observation, description, and measurement. As a result, it was possible to form and apply a basic approach to assessing the impact of human-centric technologies on economic and social life. The characteristics of their basic directions of development are given. The authors substantiate and finally formulate the conclusion that the formation of human-centric technologies is based on subjective and economically supported objective factors.
Top Trends of the Transport-and-Logistic Activity Development in the Conditions of Digitalization
Authors: Vasilyeva Elena Yu.
Published: October 2024

The factors, which influenced the activity of the transport-and-logistic companies most significantly, are analysed in the article. The top trends, peculiar to transport-and-logistic activity in modern conditions, are pointed out. According to the results of the analysis that was carried out, nowadays digitalization is the main subject in logistics. In particular, paperless registration of cargo transportation, robotization during freight processing, the use of unmanned vehicles for transportation, and the introduction of obligatory marking for separate types of commodities are revealed. The author finds out the logical communication between the development of electronic commerce and the adaptation of logistics for it, and concludes, that only the complex logistics will be able to conform to modern requirements. At the same, some factors which slow down the digitalization of the transport-and-logistic sphere in Russia are revealed. The results of the analysis and the conclusions, drawn by the author, can be useful for the further development of the transport-and-logistic complex.
Modelling and Optimizing the Decontamination Process of Surgical Instruments
Authors: England Tracey , Behrens Doris A. , Davies Thomas , Gartner Daniel
Published: October 2024

In the age of multi-resistant bacteria and viruses, sterilizing surgical instruments effectively and efficiently impacts hospital-acquired infections. In a hospital sterilization and decontamination unit (HSDU), contaminated equipment arrives after their use in the operating theatre, intensive care unit, diagnostics facilities, and wards. Items are unpacked, checked, inventoried, washed, dried and packed. Each activity requires resources and inefficient management can lead to increasing lead times for items to be processed and, thus, poses an increased risk of hospital-acquired infections. A simulation model was developed for the National Health Service in the U.K. Data relating to staffing levels and machine availability has been collected and the arrival patterns of items are considered. A heuristic simulation-optimization approach was employed to produce an improved staffing pattern that meets the required service level. Furthermore, the output ensures that instruments are processed within a 5-hour target time and is developed and applied to real-world scenarios.
IoT and Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Shobana R. , Kumar Gautam , Kumar Suraj , Kumar Vicky , Jojo Joyal , Revathy G.
Published: October 2024

Smart living, healthcare, cognitive smart cities, and social systems are impartial a rare of the areas in which technology related to health is being applied these days. A component of the rapidly evolving modern technology that deserves more attention is the intelligent, dependable, and pervasive healthcare system. Predicting, preventing, and treating illnesses is made possible for doctors by data collecting methods such as sensors aided by the Internet of Things (IoT). In order to assist doctors in monitoring the importance of symptoms and the course of therapy, machine learning (ML) algorithms have the latent to progress the accurateness of medical diagnosis and prognosis based on sensing data. A neurodegenerative condition affecting the neurological system is Parkinson's disease.
The Impact and Significance of Diabetes Mellitus as a Global Health Challenge
Authors: Thanthrige Ayesha , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a critical global health problem affecting millions of individuals and imposing a significant economic burden worldwide. A RLR across multiple selected databases was conducted to provide a detailed analysis regarding the significance of diabetes as a disease, with a particular focus on the evolving role of digital health interventions in diabetes management. Key areas discussed include global prevalence and projections, economic costs, complications and comorbidities, psychological factors, and history of diabetes understanding. The review includes studies conducted both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to provide a comprehensive understanding of how digital health technologies, such as mobile health applications, telemedicine have evolved and been adapted in response to the pandemic's challenges. The paper also discusses the advancement and features of self-management methods. By examining this evolution, the study provides new insights into the effectiveness, challenges, and future potential of these technologies in enhancing diabetes care.
Independence and Activities of Daily Living for Citizens With Autism
Authors: Siaperas Panagiotis
Published: October 2024

Occupations are central to every citizen of any age or health, sense of competence-independence and have particular meaning and value to every person. Occupations include things people need to, want to, and are expected to do. The current chapter is focused on citizens with autism and independence on ADLs, the activities oriented toward taking care of one's own body and completed on a routine basis, and for the same population on independence in IADLs, the activities that support daily life within the home and the community. In addition, it explored the impact of movement performance executive function and sensorimotor processing to ADLs and IADLs for citizens with autism. According to studies, citizens with autism in their majority have a different cognitive, motor, sensory, and social profile from the neurotypical individual affecting their performance in ADL, IADL, and their independence.
A Systematic Review of Indian Sign Language Detection Systems
Authors: Saleed Fadheel Mohammed , Shabbir Mohammed , Poudyal Shashwat , Amalanathan Geetha Mary
Published: October 2024

Sign languages are crucial in promoting independent living for deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. They offer a means of communication that facilitates access to various aspects of daily life and supports autonomy. The deaf community in India, estimated at over 18 million individuals, faces significant communication barriers due to the limited use of Indian sign language (ISL) by the general population. This chapter explores the potential of machine learning (ML) for Indian sign language detection as a bridge between the deaf and hearing communities. The authors delve into existing research on sign language recognition (SLR) systems, analyze the challenges specific to ISL detection, and propose future directions leveraging advancements in ML. By examining the sociolinguistic landscape and the potential impact of ML-powered ISL detection, this chapter aims to contribute to a more inclusive society.
Analyzing Urban Space Design Criteria for Hearing Impaired Users
Authors: Yücel Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs , Canpolat Bahar Güven
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to examine and present the studies to be carried out on providing the necessary physical conditions for hearing-impaired individuals and minimizing obstacles in the context of urban space organization. Within the scope of this study, design criteria for hearing-impaired users were examined taking into account the disadvantaged situations of the users. The methods used in the study were literature review, on-site detection, and observation. In line with the stated reasons, urban space design approaches that include hearing-impaired users are seen as a subject worth researching and have been examined by touching on the design parameters determined through the examples of Beşiktaş Dilek Sabancı and Bahçelievler Şehit Tamer Dost Barrier-Free Life Parks, which do not have any other alternatives in Istanbul. As a result of the study, the two samples examined were evaluated in line with the determined design parameters and improvement suggestions were presented.
Role of Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations in Addressing Developmental Disparities in the Middle East
Authors: Al Mokdad Ali
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing developmental disparities across the Middle East, focusing on the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and the Near East. Covering Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Yemen, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Türkiye, it highlights the contributions of NGOs in economic development, human rights, education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. The chapter examines the evolution of these organizations, their impact within complex socio-political contexts and analyzes challenges such as political restrictions, financial dependency, and operational barriers in conflict zones. It provides insights into how NGOs navigate these environments to drive sustainable development and equitable growth, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to enhance the effectiveness of civil society in shaping future strategies.
Political Governance and Developmental Outcomes in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Al-Mekaimi Haila
Published: October 2024

Political governance plays a critical role in shaping developmental outcomes, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. These nations have experienced rapid economic growth and social transformation over the past few decades, driven by substantial oil revenues and strategic governance. However, despite these advancements, significant developmental disparities persist, challenging the sustainability and inclusiveness of their progress. This chapter examines the interplay between political governance and developmental outcomes in the GCC.
Enhanced Cross-Entropy Technique for Triangular Fuzzy Neutrosophic Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making and Applications to Quality Evaluation of Urban-Park Environmental Design
Authors: Liu Mengxue
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of urban park environmental design quality is essential for ensuring that parks meet community needs and environmental sustainability. By comprehensively considering indicators such as functionality, aesthetics, sustainability, and user experience, this evaluation helps designers optimize spatial layouts and enhance the efficiency and aesthetic value of parks. Additionally, good environmental design promotes ecological protection, improves the quality of life for residents, and adds more green spaces to the city, making parks an integral part of daily urban life. The evaluation of urban park environmental design quality is framed as a multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. This study introduces the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic number cross-entropy (TFNN-CE) method, which integrates traditional cross-entropy with triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs). Subsequently, the TFNN-CE technique for MADM is established. A numerical example illustrating the evaluation of urban park environmental design quality is provided, alongside several comparative analyses to highlight the advantages of the proposed approach. The key contributions of this research are as follows: (1) the TFNN-CE technique is introduced through the integration of cross-entropy and TFNSs; (2) the TFNN-CE technique is formulated to address MADM problems using TFNSs; (3) an empirical application for assessing urban park environmental design quality is presented to validate the proposed methodology; (4) comparative studies are conducted to substantiate the rationality of the TFNN-CE technique.
Analysis of Big Data Network Security Defense Mechanism Application of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: He Haitao , Luo Lin , Zhao Qiong
Published: October 2024

In the context of the close integration of computer network technology and daily life, big data network security faces many challenges. With its powerful information processing ability, this AI can effectively identify and handle potential threats in the network, thereby improving network security. This paper discusses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing big data network security defense, especially in the threat detection link. This paper proposes a detection algorithm that combines support vector machine (SVM) and K nearest neighbor (KNN), namely SVM-KNN algorithm, for network attack detection and defense. When the hazard data is 60 under the test sample, the detection accuracy of KNN, SVM, and SVM-KNN is 86.88%, 89.51%, and 96.75% respectively; when the hazard data is 60 under the experimental sample, the detection accuracy of KNN, SVM, and SVM-KNN is 82.70%, 83.88%, and 89.26% respectively.response.
Impact of Benevolence Trust on Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Hasnain Sheikh Shamim , Jasimuddin Sajjad M , Saci Fateh
Published: October 2024

The impact of benevolence-based trust on knowledge transfer is understudied in Bangladesh's NGO sector, which is home to more NGOs than any other nation in the world (with a comparable geographic size). The study aims to examine the effects of benevolence-based trust, a significant component of trust antecedent, on knowledge transfer between NGO staff and their beneficiaries in Bangladesh's NGO sector. Semi-structured interviews with a total of 54 NGO personnel were conducted using multi-staged and purposeful sampling procedures. Content analysis is used to process Critical Incidents (CIs) collected from semi-structured interviews. Findings imply that knowledge transfer to beneficiaries is influenced by the benevolence- trust of NGO staff. The results may be useful for beneficiaries and NGO workers in expanding knowledge transfer activities. Given that the experiment was conducted in a specific country, such as Bangladesh, it could be challenging to generalize the results. Similar studies may be conducted in the future in a different setting or country.
Antimicrobial Performance of Different Metals
Authors: Jayachandran Ramakumar
Published: October 2024

Health care associated infections or nosocomial infections (NI) is the fourth leading cause of disease and the most common complication affecting hospitalised patients in addition to a minimum of 175,000 deaths every year in industrialised countries. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that influenza is transmitted from person to person primarily via large virus-laden droplets or through direct or indirect contact with respiratory secretions when touching surfaces contaminated with influenza virus and approximately 80% of the infections are transmitted via touch surfaces. In the year 2020 the Coronavirus (Covid 19) spread has affected the global community and also caused a great concern for the people and health care workers with a global infected population of more than five million. With the ongoing population rise in the cities growing drug resistant bacteria, increasing infection rate in hospitals and communities, ageing world population strongly indicates the need to minimise the spread of infections via touch surfaces. Metals (and products manufactured from them) such as copper and silver are known to exhibit antimicrobial properties. These metals, or composites containing them, can be used as additives and incorporated into other materials such as paints, plastics and powder coatings to imbue these materials with antimicrobial properties. In this paper we present the inherent antimicrobial properties of a copper containing alloy, two alloys of hospital grade steel (304 and 316), extruded aluminium (606013), anodized aluminium (606013) and zinc clad aluminium (3003-7072). Additionally, these materials were coated in epoxy resin powder coating with and without silver based antimicrobial additive. The ability of these metal alloys to reduce the population of inoculated microorganism numbers was assessed via the international standard (ISO) 22196:2011 Measurement of antimicrobial activity on plastics and other non-porous surfaces.
Research on the Cavitation Resistance Testing of Friction Stir Welded Joint of En Aw 1200 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Besalic Cristian-Vladimir , Luca Alexandru Nicolae , Mnerie Gabriela-Victoria , Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Ghera Cristan , Bădărău Rodica
Published: October 2024

Aluminium alloys are being used more often as a result of industry demands for strong, lightweight materials. Because of its advantages over conventional fusion welding techniques, friction stir welding, or FSW, has become a promising technique for joining aluminium alloys. Nonetheless, there is still cause for concern regarding FSW joints' vulnerability to cavitation erosion, which is a major issue in applications exposed to harsh environments. The cavitation resistance of EN AW 1200 aluminium alloy joints made by the FSW process is the main objective of this study. By utilizing specialized equipment to conduct cavitation tests, the study uses a comprehensive methodology to assess the cavitation erosion behaviour of these joints. A number of variables are investigated in order to determine how they affect the cavitation resistance of the welded joints, including mechanical attributes, welding parameters, and microstructural features. The goal of the study is to shed light on how well FSW joints function and hold up in cavitation scenarios. This information will be useful in improving the dependability and suitability of EN AW 1200 aluminium alloy in sectors where the ability to withstand cavitation erosion is critical. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to the optimization of welding parameters and material selection, ultimately advancing the use of aluminium alloys in critical applications requiring resistance to cavitation-induced damage.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/Cu2O and Co co-doped Ag-ZnO/Cu2O Nanoparticles with Possible Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Kariyawasam M. I. , Hewage J. W.
Published: October 2024

The Photovoltaics phenomenon is one of the major turning points in the battle against the depletion of fossil fuels. Sunlight is the main resource in photovoltaics, but there remains a quest to harvest it efficiently to generate electricity. This study is focused on designing basic, cost-effective prototype solar cells using ZnO/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) and Co(cobalt) co-doped Ag-ZnO/Cu2O NPs under normal university laboratory conditions. ITO-coated glass was used as the substrate of the solar cell and a modified low-temperature chemical bath deposition method was used for fabrication. Both ZnO and Cu2O NPs were synthesized by aqueous precipitation methods and the fabrication was performed successfully using ZnO and Cu2O NPs. However, the fabrication with Co co-doped Ag-ZnO and Cu2O NPs requires more research since the Co co-doped Ag-ZnO NPs were synthesized by solvothermal method, and it appeared as a fine powder which was not thick enough to hold onto the Cu2O layer. The UV-spectroscopic analysis confirmed the characteristic band of ZnO NPs at 367.5 nm, Cu2O NPs at 360 nm, and Co co-doped Ag-ZnO NPs at 378 nm. The FTIR spectrum showed sharp peaks at 460 cm-1 and 606 cm-1 for the corresponding Zn-O bond and Cu-O bond, respectively with a broad peak at 1329 cm-1 for Cu2O FTIR, due to the chemisorbed and/or physiosorbed H2O and CO2 molecules on the surface of the nanostructure. The EDX analysis showed the presence of slight carbon impurity in ZnO NPs which resulted in a deviated XRD pattern while Cu2O NPs showed the characteristic XRD pattern. The solar cell illuminated under three different lux conditions, had the characteristic J-V plot when measured through Gamry Potentiostat.
Clinical Characteristics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease according to Smoking Status
Authors: Park Joo Hun
Published: October 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be caused by various factors, including lung infections, asthma, air pollution, childhood growth disorders, and genetic factors, though smoking is the predominant risk factor. The main pathological mechanisms in COPD involve small airway disease, emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and vascular disorders. COPD in non-smokers is characterized by a normal 1-second forced expiratory volume decline, equal sex distribution, younger age of onset, fewer comorbidities, milder airflow obstruction, preserved diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and radiological features such as more air-trapping and less severe emphysema compared to COPD in smokers. Nevertheless, non-smokers with COPD still experience a high prevalence of acute exacerbations, nearly equal to that of smokers with COPD. Moreover, COPD itself is an independent risk factor for developing lung cancer, regardless of smoking status. Given that COPD coexists with numerous comorbidities, effectively managing these comorbidities is crucial, requiring multifaceted efforts for comprehensive treatment.
Regulation and Dynamics of IFN-β Expression Revealed with a Knockin Reporter Mouse
Authors: Parekh Nikhil J , Winship Damion , Van Dis Erik , Stetson Daniel B
Published: October 2024

IFN-β is a potent antiviral cytokine and the first member of the type I IFN family of cytokines to be induced during the antiviral response. IFN-β plays an essential protective role in host defense against virus infections, as well as a pathogenic role in numerous autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. However, contemporary tools to study the induction, kinetics, and behavior of IFN-β are lacking. In this study, we describe a knockin Ifnb-IRES-TdTomato-Cre reporter mouse to track IFN-β–expressing cells. We demonstrate pathway-specific induction of the TdTomato reporter and show that the linked Cre recombinase enables permanent marking of cells that express IFN-β. We identify a robust MAVS-dependent IFN-β response in lung epithelial cells following Sendai virus infection in vivo. Finally, we find that activation of RNase L in macrophages by RNA ligands of the RIG-I–like receptors prevents protein translation of IFN-β and the TdTomato reporter. Our mouse model provides a powerful tool to study the biology of type I IFN induction and the antiviral response.
Effectiveness of cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis in pediatric cancer patients in Jordan: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Banat Khadeja , Al-Haja Huda , Ananbeh Mariam , Abdullah Eman , Alloubani Aladeen
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy.Methods: An evidence-based practice project utilized a randomized control trial design with two groups (experimental and control groups). Fifty-nine pediatric patients with cancer in Jordan, aged 8–18 years, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or the control group (n=30). The intervention was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022. The severity of oral mucositis among pediatric cancer patients was assessed using the World Health Organization oral mucositis grade.Results: There were no significant differences in sex or disease type among the groups. On days 7, 14, and 21, we observed notable between-group differences in treatment responses and the intensity of oral mucositis, highlighting the efficacy of cryotherapy in diminishing the severity of oral mucositis.Conclusion: This study supports the use of cryotherapy as a preventive measure for oral mucositis among pediatric oncology patients in Jordan. The findings suggest that cryotherapy effectively reduces the severity of oral mucositis. Further research is necessary to investigate the broader impacts of cryotherapy.
Unveiling the dynamics of stunting: a qualitative exploration of parenting patterns and toddlers aged 6–59 months in Bejiharjo, Indonesia
Authors: Azzahra Intan , Listyaningsih Umi , Mulyani Raden Rara Wiwik Puji
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the experience of mothers in raising stunted toddlers aged between 6–59 months. It also examined the perceptions of parenting styles shaped by socio-cultural contexts and time constraints affecting the nutritional status as well as growth in Bejiharjo Village, Java, Indonesia.Methods: A qualitative method was used and data were collected through in-depth interviews, diary recording, and focus group discussions with mothers of toddlers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals. Transcript data from recorded interviews were processed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The results showed that there were four emergent themes, namely “Toddler parenting patterns,” “Family and environmental health,” “Eating patterns and consumption habits of toddlers,” as well as “Literacy and understanding of parenting and child health.” Furthermore, eight related theme clusters were yielded from the analysis of parenting experiences. Differences between stunted and non-stunted toddlers in parenting patterns and daily activities were recorded. Interactions between toddlers and mothers as well as productive activities had a shorter average duration.Conclusion: Mothers experience various challenges and limitations in raising toddlers with the risk of stunting. Therefore, increasing understanding and knowledge about the importance of healthy parenting and good nutrition are necessary to prevent stunting.