bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical evaluation of three fixation methods in a feline transverse patella fracture model
Authors: Lee Min-Yeong , Ahn Tae-Hwan , Son Sung-Il , Kim Hwi-Yool
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties of three stabilisation techniques in feline patella transverse fractures and select the strongest method with potentially minimal complications.

Methods

Patella fracture was simulated in 27 feline cadaveric pelvic limbs (mean weight of the cadavers 3.78 kg), and the limbs were randomly grouped to be stabilised with one of the three stabilisation methods. The modified tension band wiring technique with a single Kirschner wire (0.9 mm) and figure-of-eight wiring (20 G) was applied to group 1 (n = 9). Group 2 (n = 9) was stabilised with a combination of circumferential and figure-of-eight wiring techniques with orthopaedic wire (20 G). Group 3 (n = 9) was stabilised with the same technique as group 2, but with #2 FiberWire. The knee joints were positioned and fixed in the neutral standing angle (135°) and tested by applying tensile force. The loads at gap formations of 1, 2 and 3 mm were recorded, and the maximum failure load was measured in each group.

Results

In all the loads at displacement (1, 2 and 3 mm), group 3 was significantly stronger than groups 1 and 2, respectively ( P <0.017). Group 3 (261.0 ± 52.8 N) showed significantly stronger fixation in the maximum load compared with group 1 (172.9 ± 45.6 N) ( P <0.017). No significant difference was observed between groups 1 and 2 (204.9 ± 68.4 N) or between groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions and relevance

This study shows that the combination of circumferential and figure-of-eight techniques with FiberWire is more resistant to displacement than metal wire in this ex vivo feline patella fracture model.
Limitations of direct-to-consumer genetic testing for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Shaheen Abdulla R. , Uhr Joshua H. , Sridhar Jayanth , Yannuzzi Nicolas A.
Published: May 2023

The availability of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTCGT) for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) provides the public with access to disease risk estimations that may be used to guide lifestyle adjustments. However, AMD development risk is more complex than can be captured by gene mutations alone. The methodologies employed by current DTCGTs to estimate AMD risk vary and are limited in several ways. Genotyping-based DTCGT is biased toward European ancestry and only considers a limited number of genes. Whole genome sequencing based DTCGTs uncovers several genetic variations with unknown relevance, making risk interpretation challenging. In this perspective, we describe the limitations of the DTCGT for AMD.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Environmental Health Workforce: Mapping the Literature and Moving Toward Liberation
Authors: Jadotte Yuri , Levy Carly , Tallon Lindsay A. , Phillips Lynelle , Caron Rosemary
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Diversity, equity, and inclusion, also known as DEI, is an essential topic being discussed across society. The field of environmental health (EH) should certainly not be excluded from the conversation.

Objective:

The purpose of this mini-review was to map the literature and identify gaps on the topic of DEI in the EH workforce.

Methods:

A rapid scoping review was conducted using standard synthesis science methods to search and map the published literature. All study titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened by 2 independent reviewers among the authorship team.

Results:

The search strategy yielded 179 English language papers. Of those, 37 met all inclusion criteria after full text screening. Overall, the majority of the articles had weak or moderate DEI engagement and only 3 articles had strong DEI engagement.

Discussion:

There is a significant need for additional research in this realm. Future studies should explicitly focus on workforce issues, and attempt to achieve the highest level of the evidence possible for this field.

Conclusion:

Although DEI initiatives are a step in the right direction, the current evidence suggests that inclusivity and liberation may prove to be more impactful and meaningful constructs to fully advance equity in the EH workforce.
#BoomerRemover: COVID-19 and the intertextual politics of internet memes
Authors: Tulloch Rowan
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes ‘Boomer Remover’ the controversial term for COVID-19 popularized on social media in early 2020. It mobilizes digital media theory and discourse analysis to ask what makes Boomer Remover acceptable for its users. It conceptualizes Boomer Remover as an internet meme and argues that memes use intertextuality (the way new texts build upon older texts) as a core mechanism of meaning making. This allows the meme form to communicate a high-level of complexity and depth in an easily consumed format, however, it also bifurcates audiences as a meme is understood differently depending on the audience member’s familiarity with reference points. This article analyzes these divergent understandings through a framework of ‘discourse communities’. It unpacks how for a discourse community familiar with internet memes the term has come to be connected with progressive politics, and contrasts this with readings of Boomer Remover as ageist attack for those unfamiliar with the memetic contexts. Rather than privilege one reading of the Boomer Remover meme as correct, this article shows that in order to understand the social impact of memes, we must recognize their inherent polysemic nature.
Twenty years of monitoring acute stroke care in Australia through the national stroke audit programme (1999–2019): A cross-sectional study
Authors: Purvis Tara , Cadilhac Dominique A , Hill Kelvin , Reyneke Megan , Olaiya Muideen T , Dalli Lachlan L , Kim Joosup , Murphy Lisa , Campbell Bruce CV , Kilkenny Monique F
Published: May 2023

Background

National organisational surveys and clinical audits to monitor and guide improvements to the delivery of evidence-based acute stroke care have been undertaken in Australia since 1999. This study aimed to determine the association between repeated national audit cycles on stroke service provision and care delivery from 1999 to 2019.

Methods

Cross-sectional study using data from organisational surveys (1999, 2004, 2007–2019) and clinical data from the biennial National Stroke Acute Audit (2007–2019). Age-, sex-, and stroke severity-adjusted proportions were reported for adherence to guideline-recommended care processes. Multivariable, logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between repeated audit cycles and service provision (organisational) and care delivery (clinical).

Results

Overall, 197 hospitals provided organisational survey data (1999–2019), with 24,996 clinical cases from 136 hospitals (around 40 cases per audit) (2007–2019). We found significant improvements in service organisation between 1999 and 2019 for access to stroke units (1999: 42%, 2019: 81%), thrombolysis services (1999: 6%, 2019: 85%), and rapid assessment/management for patients with transient ischaemic attack (1999: 11%, 2019: 61%). Analyses of patient-level audits for 2007 to 2019 found the odds of receiving care processes per audit cycle to have significantly increased for thrombolysis (2007: 3%, 2019: 11%; OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13, 1.17), stroke unit access (2007: 52%, 2019: 69%; OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.14, 1.17), risk factor advice (2007: 40%, 2019: 63%; OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.09, 1.12), and carer training (2007: 24%, 2019: 51%; OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10, 1.15).

Conclusions

Between 1999 and 2019, the quality of acute stroke care in Australia has improved in line with best practice evidence. Standardised monitoring of stroke care can inform targeted efforts to reduce identified gaps in best practice, and illustrate the evolution of the health system for stroke.
The evolution of clinical study design in heavily treatment-experienced persons with HIV: A critical review
Authors: Aberg Judith A , Mills Anthony , Moreno Santiago , Slater Jill , Prakash Manyu , Clark Andrew
Published: May 2023

Heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) persons with HIV have limited options for antiretroviral therapy and face many challenges, complicating their disease management. There is an ongoing need for new antiretrovirals and treatment strategies for this population. We reviewed the study designs, baseline characteristics, and results of clinical trials that enrolled HTE persons with HIV. A PubMed literature search retrieved articles published between 1995 and 2020, which were grouped by trial start date (1995–2009, N = 89; 2010–2014, N = 3; 2015–2020, N = 2). Clinical trials in HTE participants markedly declined post-2010. Participant characteristics and study designs showed changes in trends over time. As treatment strategies for HTE persons with HIV progress, we must look beyond virologic suppression to consider the broader needs of this complex heterogeneous population.
Associations between social activities and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: Testing the indirect effects of loneliness
Authors: Adams Ryan E , Lampinen Linnea , Zheng Shuting , Sullivan Virgina , Taylor Julie Lounds , Bishop Somer L
Published: May 2023

To better understand the associations between social activities and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder, this study utilized interpersonal theories of depression by accounting for both frequency of various social activities and perceptions of how well their time spent in these activities meet their needs and testing the indirect effects of loneliness in this association. To test these ideas, 321 participants who were recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) research match registry and completed online measures of social activities, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. While the specific pattern was different for individual activities, it was found that those who felt that their current frequency of activities did not meet their needs had higher rates of depressive symptoms than those who felt they did meet their needs and that loneliness help to understand the indirect effects of the association between social activities and depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings suggest that how individuals feel about the time they are spending in social activities, such as with friends and in general social activities, could impact outcomes such as depression and loneliness.

Lay Abstract

Previous studies have found that social activities and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder are related. To better understand the relationship between these issues, this study examined the frequency of various types of social activities as well as if the participants felt that the frequency of time spent in the activity met their personal needs. In addition, the role of loneliness was tested as a possible way to understand the relationship between activities and depressive symptoms. To test these ideas, 321 participants who were recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) research match registry and completed online measures of social activities, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. While the specific pattern was different for individual activities, it was found that those who felt that their current frequency of activities did not meet their needs had higher rates of depressive symptoms than those who felt they did meet their needs. Also, loneliness helps to understand relationship between social activities and depressive symptoms. The findings were discussed in light of previous study findings, interpersonal theories of depression, and clinical implications.
Factors affecting pediatric nurses’ development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children: An evaluation based on the stress-coping adaptation model
Authors: Cho In Young , Hong So Hyoung , Yun Ji Yeong
Published: May 2023

We aimed to identify factors affecting pediatric nurses’ perceptions of their development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children based on Lazarus and Folkman’s stress-coping adaptation model. This cross-sectional study included 209 pediatric nurses with over 1 year of clinical experience in South Korea. Data were collected using online-based self-report questionnaires containing items on nurses’ perceived partnerships with parents, job stress, positive psychological capital, nursing professionalism, and a coping scale. Positive psychological capital, job stress, coping, hospital type, and unit type were significant factors in a hierarchical regression analysis using perceived partnership as a dependent variable. This study supports an efficient intervention program to improve pediatric nurses’ partnership competency. Strategies to reduce pediatric nurses’ job stress and improve their coping abilities and positive psychological capital will enhance their partnerships with parents of hospitalized children.
Developing a Youth Participatory Action Research Program for Latine Youth in an Emerging Community
Authors: Huerta Christina , Gutschow Benjamin , Bañales Josefina , Boyzo Hillary , Jenkins Veronica , Document Patricia , Taverno Sharon E. , Goodkind Sara , Ragavan Maya I.
Published: May 2023

In this practice note, we document the development of a youth participatory action research (YPAR) program designed by and for Latine youth residing in a small but rapidly growing Latine community. Our community–academic team partnered to cocreate a YPAR curriculum focused on supporting Latine youth in learning about research and developing their own research projects. Participants in the pilot year worked on Photovoice projects centered on topics they identified, including preventing colorism and machismo and increasing access to mental health services. We reviewed lessons learned from this work, including challenges engaging young people and creating linguistically inclusive spaces.
Effects of Tuina Combined With Moxibustion on Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Liu Heng , Shen Jing , Hao Yanfang , Zhao Le , Fan Yingyi , Pei Xiaohua
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Tuina combined with moxibustion on relieving breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL). A randomized cross-over controlled trial was conducted at our institution. All patients with BCRL were assigned to 2 groups: Group A and Group B. In the first period (weeks 1-4), tuina and moxibustion were performed in Group A and pneumatic circulation and compression garment in Group B. The washout period took place from weeks 5 to 6. In the second period (weeks 7-10), pneumatic circulation and compression garment were performed in Group A, and tuina and moxibustion in Group B. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by measuring the affected arm volume, circumference, and Visual Analog Scale for swelling. Regarding the results, a total of 40 patients were included, and 5 cases were dropped. After treatment, both the traditional Chinses medicine (TCM) treatment and complete decongestive therapy (CDT) was found to reduce the volume of the affected arm ( P < .05). At the endpoint (visit 3), compared with CDT, the effect of the TCM treatment was more evident than that of CDT ( P < .05). After the TCM treatment, the arm circumference at the elbow crease and proximal 10 cm to elbow crease was reduced, which was statistically different from that before treatment ( P < .05). Post-CDT treatment, the arm circumference at proximal 10 cm to wrist crease and the elbow crease and proximal 10 cm to elbow crease decreased, which was statistically different from that before treatment ( P < .05). At the endpoint (visit 3), the arm circumference at proximal 10 cm to elbow crease of the patients treated with TCM was less than that of CDT ( P < .05). Moreover, the VAS scores for swelling were better after compared with before TCM treatment and CDT ( P < .05). At the endpoint (visit 3), the subjective relief of swelling by TCM treatment was greater than CDT ( P < .05). Ultimately, tuina combined with moxibustion can alleviate BCRL symptoms, which is primarily reflected in reducing the affected arm volume and circumference and relieving swelling.

Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number ChiCTR1800016498).
Ultrasound in ocular oncology: Technical advances, clinical applications, and limitations
Authors: Kadakia Arya , Zhang Junhang , Yao Xincheng , Zhou Qifa , Heiferman Michael J
Published: May 2023

Due to its accessibility and ability for real-time image acquisition of ocular structures, ultrasound has high utility in the visualization of the eye, especially in ocular oncology. In this minireview, we summarize the technical rationale and applications of ultrasound modalities, A-scan, B-scan, high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and Doppler measurement. A-scan ultrasound uses a transducer of 7–11 MHz, making it useful for determining the echogenicity of ocular tumors (7–8 MHz) and measuring the axial length of the eye (10–11 MHz). B-scan ultrasound operates at 10–20 MHz, which can be used for measuring posterior ocular tumors while UBM operates at 40–100 MHz to evaluate anterior ocular structures. Doppler ultrasonography allows for the detection of tumor vascularization. While ultrasonography has numerous clinical applications due to its favorable penetration compared with optical coherence tomography, it is still limited by its relatively lower resolution. Ultrasound also requires an experienced sonographer due to the need for accurate probe localization to areas of interest.
Stener-Like Lesions in the Hand: A Qualitative Review
Authors: Smith Tiffany A. , Bueno Brian , Phelan Joseph V. , Anand Divya , Kirschenbaum David , Katt Brian M.
Published: May 2023

A Stener-like lesion is defined as the interposition of the sagittal band between the torn collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of a finger and its origin or insertion. Owing to the rarity of this injury, standardized protocols on the diagnosis and care of these injuries are not currently available. PubMed Central and Google Scholar were searched for published studies from 1962 to 2022. Inclusion criteria admitted any injury of the MCP joints of any nonthumb fingers involving a torn collateral ligament with sagittal band injury that trapped the collateral ligament. Eight studies were ultimately included in our analysis and contained 11 cases of Stener-like lesions. Eight of the 11 cases presented radial collateral ligament injury to the ring and little fingers. All 11 cases presented showed that detailed physical examination was a primary step in diagnosis of these lesions. Metacarpophalangeal joint laxity was present in all cases reported. Imaging-aided diagnosis was used in majority of the cases presented and included arthrography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging. All cases presented in this review were managed surgically. Following surgical repair, a majority of authors opted to use immobilization techniques immediately postoperatively. As awareness of this injury pattern increases, a standardized treatment algorithm may develop.
Epitranscriptomic profiling of N4-acetylcytidine-related RNA acetylation in the spinal dorsal horn of rat with cancer-induced bone pain
Authors: Xu Longsheng , Zheng Shang , Liu Beibei , Xu Chengfei , Yang Lei , Zhou Qinghe , Yao Ming , Li Xiang-yao
Published: May 2023

Recently, epigenetics involved in the regulation of gene expression has become a research hotspot. This study evaluated N4-acetylcytidine (ac4c) RNA acetylation in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of rats with cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). The ac4C-specific RIP sequencing and NAT10-specific RIP sequencing were performed to identify the differences in ac4C acetylation and gene expression in the SDH between CIBP and sham groups, the relationship with the acetylation-modifying enzyme NAT10, and association analysis was performed. By interfering with the NAT10 expression, the relationship between some up-regulated genes and ac4C acetylation in CIBP was verified. In this study, we demonstrated that bone cancer increases the levels of NAT10 and the overall acetylation, inducing differential ac4C patterns in the SDH of rats. Through verification experiments, it was found that ac4C acetylation of some genes is regulated by NAT10, and differential ac4C patterns in RNA determine the expression of this RNA. We exposed that some CIBP-related gene expression was altered in the SDH of rats, which was regulated by differentially expressed ac4C acetylation.
‘Facilitator-coordinators’ or ‘umbilical cords’: Staff experiences of supporting desistance following release from prison
Authors: Koffeld-Hamidane Sylvia , Andvig Ellen , Karlsson Bengt
Published: May 2023

While research on supported desistance is increasing, little is known about practitioners’ experiences of facilitating change following release in Norway. This article seeks to expand this knowledge through the perspectives of probation caseworkers and staff of penal voluntary organizations. Despite their common challenges and shared ideals, the two groups experience varying ability to assist in change processes. While staff of voluntary organizations practice close to the ideal, caseworkers describe frustration at an increased risk focus and thus a decrease in desistance promotion. In this context, we discuss how two key developments in Norwegian resettlement practice, (1) increased discrepancies between ideals and realities and (2) the blurring of boundaries between penal voluntary organizations and the Correctional Services, are shifting probation work away from supporting desistance.
A corpus-based study on aviation English from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics
Authors: Zhao Wen
Published: May 2023

Aviation English (AE) is a distinct register of English used by pilots and air traffic controllers. As it is one of the contributing factors to aviation safety, ICAO and its Member States’ aviation authorities require the airspace users to have the proficiency in using AE effectively. In recent years, the training and testing have gained more attention, but little work has been done to describe its linguistic features. The study set out to describe AE from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics with an aim to illustrate its linguistic features as compared to conversational English (CE). To achieve this goal, the corpora of CE and AE communications between native English speakers from the United States were respectively constructed and then scrutinized to demonstrate that AE has a significant difference from CE in functional-semantic aspects. The findings of this study reveal how distinct AE with CE in terms of speech functions. Some pedagogical implications were then proposed for enhancing AE training to cultivate the students’ competence in semantics and interaction.
Triplication and tetraplication of the thumb: a modification of the Rotterdam classification
Authors: Zhong Wenyao , Sun Liying , Zhao Junhui , Guo Yang , Huang Zhifeng , Tian Wen
Published: May 2023

We proposed a modification of the Rotterdam classification for thumb triplication and tetraplication. Twenty-one patients were included (24 cases of thumb triplication and four cases of tetraplication). These were analysed and classified according to a modification of the Rotterdam classification involving three steps; from the radial to ulnar side, we first identified each thumb on radiographs and gross appearance to divide into triplication or tetraplication. Second, we define the levels of duplication and established the nomenclature. Third, the aberrant features and their location were assigned for each thumb, again from radial to ulnar side. A surgical algorithm was also proposed. This modified classification may be helpful for characterizing the rare conditions of thumb triplication and tetraplication for use in patient and management and communication between surgeons.

Level of evidence: III
The effect of intercarpal arthrodeses on wrist kinematics during radial and ulnar deviation: a cadaveric study using four-dimensional CT
Authors: Athlani Lionel , Cuisigniez Alain , Weber Nicolas , Blum Alain , Perez Manuela , Gondim Teixeira Pedro Augusto
Published: May 2023

In this cadaveric study, we report quantitative dynamic four-dimensional CT evaluation of the effect on wrist kinematics of three intercarpal arthrodeses during radial and ulnar deviation. In five wrists, we successively performed scaphocapitate, four-corner and two-corner fusions. Four-dimensional CT examinations were performed prior to dissection and after each arthrodesis. The lunocapitate gap, posterior lunocapitate angle, radiolunate radial gap, radiolunate ulnar gap and radiolunate angle were assessed. After scaphocapitate arthrodesis, in radial deviation, we noted midcarpal diastasis and dorsal displacement of the capitate. In ulnar deviation, there was correction of that incongruence. After four-corner and two-corner fusions, in radial deviation, we noted radial radiolunate impingement and ulnar radiolunate incongruence. In ulnar deviation, after two-corner fusion, ulnar radiolunate impingement and radial radiolunate incongruence were present contrary to four-corner fusion. Our findings confirm that the constant radiocarpal and midcarpal congruence during radioulnar deviation in normal wrists is no longer possible with intercarpal kinematic modifications after these arthrodeses.
Renewable Energy Targets and Policies in Traditional Oil-Producing Countries: A Comparison of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
Authors: Guliyev Farid
Published: May 2023

The clean energy transition has entered the policy discourse and government agenda of the Caspian oil-producing countries of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. Both countries have set a target to increase the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in total energy production by 2030. This article presents a comparative analysis of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in their paths to a low-carbon sources of energy covering the status of RES, renewable energy targets, and the role of government policy schemes in promoting renewable energy (RE) deployment. The study shows that despite some commonalities in the initial conditions (such as Soviet-era legacies of fossil-fuel-based infrastructure, a high degree of dependence on oil and gas rents, and dominance of state-owned enterprises), Kazakhstan adopted a more targeted regulatory framework and more elaborate policy schemes with regards to renewables than Azerbaijan did. In the latter case, the introduction of relevant renewable legislation has been significantly delayed or implemented only partially. As a result, Kazakhstan has performed relatively more successfully on advancing non-conventional renewable energy targets: non-hydro renewable sources accounted for 3% of total electricity generated in Kazakhstan and made up only 1% of electricity produced in Azerbaijan (as of 2020). This article highlights the following factors that stand out in explaining these variable outcomes: the degree of economic liberalization, quality of governance of the oil and gas sector, regulatory frameworks, and policy support schemes.
Cefiderocol for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic joint infection: a case report
Authors: Chambers MaKenzie M. , Gutowski Christina J. , Doktor Katherine
Published: May 2023

Treatment of Stenotrophonomas maltophilia infections is difficult due to its predilection to form biofilms and susceptibility to a limited number of antibiotics. We report a case of S. maltophilia-associated periprosthetic joint infection successfully treated with a combination of the novel therapeutic agent, cefiderocol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole after debridement and implant retention.
Comparison between internal jugular vein access using midline catheter and peripheral intravenous access during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults
Authors: Chai Hyun Seok , Kim Young-Min , Park Gwan Jin , Kim Sang Chul , Kim Hoon , Lee Seok Woo , Park Hyeon Jeong , Lee Ji Han
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Vascular access is an important procedure for drug administration during the resuscitation of a patient with cardiac arrest; however, it can be challenging under emergent conditions. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous access using a midline catheter versus peripheral intravenous access during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods:

This was a prospective single-center observational study among patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The primary outcomes were the success rate of first attempt and the time taken for vascular access via the internal jugular and peripheral veins. We also measured the diameter of the internal jugular and peripheral veins at the access point and the distance from the access point to the heart.

Results:

In all, 20 patients were included in the study. Internal jugular and peripheral venous access had a first-attempt success rate of 85% and 65%, respectively ( p = 0.152). The time to access the internal jugular and peripheral veins was 46.4 ± 40.5 s and 28.8 ± 14.7 s, respectively ( p = 0.081). The diameter of the internal jugular and peripheral veins was 10.8 ± 2.6 mm and 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, respectively ( p < 0.001). The distance from the vascular access point to the heart was 20.3 ± 4.7 cm and 48.8 ± 13.1 cm for the internal jugular and peripheral veins, respectively ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

There was a trend toward higher success rates in the internal jugular vein rather than the peripheral intravenous approach, which was not statistically significant.
Bounded Ownership: Lessons Learned From Online Platforms in Creating Inclusive Goods
Authors: Karger Tomáš
Published: May 2023

The article explores a part of platform imaginary that is dedicated to property rights. Specifically, it explicates a notion of ownership—called here bounded ownership—that brings benefits to owners through loosening restrictions on property use. Bounded ownership creates online spaces that are more inclusive and at the same time enables owners to govern them. To fully grasp bounded ownership, the article argues for maintaining the distinction between production and consumption and uses Zelizer’s theory of exchange circuits. With this conceptual toolbox, the article traces the principles of bounded ownership in free and open-source software (FOSS), where they have been present for several decades. It is argued that in FOSS production and consumption constitute separate circuits where ownership is enacted differently. The article then draws a parallel between FOSS and more recent commercial online platforms. It argues that FOSS projects can be considered a layer in the platform ecosystem and at the same time highlights the differences in how bounded ownership is enacted in FOSS and other platforms. While online platforms have been successful in implementing bounded ownership in various sectors, they created deep dependencies on the part of users and content producers. The article concludes by discussing platform practices that retain the inclusiveness of bounded ownership while decreasing the dependency on platforms.
Predictive Validity of the Whole Child Assessment in a Generally Healthy Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Patel Nehaly S. , Watkins Heather , Marie-Mitchell Ariane
Published: May 2023

Background:

Adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure is associated with increased risk of poor health outcomes. Several tools to identify ACEs during pediatric practice exist, but few include all 10 ACEs from the original ACE study and none have established predictive validity.

Objectives:

Assess predictive validity of the ACE score reported during routine pediatric practice using the Whole Child Assessment (WCA).

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included children ages 3 to 8 years presenting for well-child care at a low-income resident clinic between May 25, 2016 and March 31, 2018, and ages 5 to 8 years presenting for well-child care at a private insurance clinic between November 1, 2017 and March 31, 2018. Patients with chronic health problems were excluded to prevent confounding by preexisting health problems. The charts of children with 0 to 1 ACEs (lower risk) and 2+ ACEs (higher risk) at baseline were reviewed to collect data on health and psychosocial outcomes at follow-up from diagnoses documented in the medical record and parent-reported outcomes on the WCA. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, and clinic were used to analyze differences in outcomes. We hypothesized that children in the higher risk group at baseline would have more health and psychosocial problems at follow-up.

Results:

The initial cohort (n = 907) had 669 children with 0 to 1 ACEs and 238 children with 2+ ACEs. At follow-up (mean 718 days, range 329-1155 days), children in the higher risk group had statistically significantly higher rates of ADHD/ADD, school failure/learning problem, and other behavioral/mental problems. Parents of these children also reported on the WCA higher rates of children being nervous or afraid, feeling sad or unhappy, having trouble paying attention or staying still, getting angry or into fights, bullying, poor sleep, and healthcare utilization. There were no statistically significant differences in various physical health concerns measured.

Conclusion:

This study supports the predictive validity of the WCA to identify subpopulations at risk of developing poor mental health and social-emotional outcomes. While more research is needed to facilitate translation into pediatric practice, these results highlight the strong influence of ACEs on mental health outcomes.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Nonagenarians – A National In-Patient Sample-Based Study of Perioperative Complications
Authors: Venishetty Nikit , Toutoungy Michel , Beale Jack , Martinez Jack , Wukich Dane K. , Mounasamy Varatharaj , Huo Michael H. , Sambandam Senthil
Published: May 2023

Background

Nonagenarians are a rapidly expanding population in the United States. These patients are met with increasing rates of hip arthritis, necessitating the need for total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, there is currently limited information on hospitalization information and perioperative complications in this population. Methods: In this retrospective study, we used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016-2019 to analyze the incidence of perioperative complications, length of stay (LOS), and the cost of care (COC) among patients undergoing THAs who were categorized as nonagenarians, and those who were not.

Results

The NIS database identified 309 100 patients who underwent THAs from 2016-2019. Of those, 1864 patients (.6%) were nonagenarian, while the remaining 307 236 patients were included under the non-nonagenarian category (control). The mean age in the nonagenarian group was 90 years compared to the control group which had a mean age of 65.8 years. There was an increased incidence of mortality rate (nonagenarian group .2%, control group .03%, P < .001), myocardial infarction (MI) (nonagenarian group .1%, control group .02%, P = .01), acute renal failure (ARF) (nonagenarian group 5.4%, control group 1.6%, P < .001), blood anemia post-operatively (nonagenarian group 28.9%, control group 17.2%, P < .001), and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (nonagenarian group .48%, control group .07%, P < .001) in the nonagenarian group. The COC for the nonagenarian group was higher than that in the control group ( P < .001). The mean LOS was longer in the nonagenarian group (3.1 days) in comparison to the control group (1.96 days) ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Nonagenarians had significantly higher rates of both orthopedics and medical complications than the younger patients undergoing THAs. In addition, the nonagenarian group incurred higher COC. This information is useful for the providers to make informed decisions regarding patient care and resource utilization for nonagenarian patients undergoing THAs.
Anatomic Fibular Collateral Ligament and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Concomitant Biceps Femoris Avulsion Repair
Authors: Banovetz Mark T. , Braaten Jacob A. , Homan Morgan D. , Monson Jill K. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Injuries to the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) seldom occur in isolation and may present with a concomitant injury to the biceps femoris tendon and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Injuries to structures of the posterolateral corner (PLC) lead to varus and rotational instability of the knee, subjecting the cruciate ligaments to increased forces that may result in graft failure. Therefore, reconstruction of these structures should be performed concurrently with the ACL.

Indications:

Grade III FCL injuries heal poorly without operative treatment and often result in residual varus instability of the knee that increases medial knee compartment forces, and forces on both the native ACL and the graft status post ACL reconstruction. Therefore, preservation of biomechanical stability and long-term health of the knee are reliant on addressing injuries to the PLC surgically.

Technique Description:

A key concept of this surgical technique is a meticulous peroneal nerve neurolysis in the setting of altered biceps femoris anatomy, and the proper order of the surgical steps for tunnel creation, graft passage, and fixation and suture anchor insertion to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The described technique involves a lateral surgical approach, peroneal neurolysis, and preparation of fibular and femoral FCL tunnels, followed by a Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft (BTB) graft harvest. Attention is then turned to intra-articular work including the diagnostic arthroscopy, femoral and tibial tunnel preparation, passage of the ACL graft, and fixation of the grafts in femoral tunnels. Last, fixation is achieved in the following order: FCL graft on fibula, ACL graft on tibia, and biceps femoris tendon to fibular head.

Results:

Compared with the preoperative state, Moulton et al reported significant improvements in the average Lysholm and Western Ontario scores at 2.7 years postoperatively following anatomic FCL reconstrution. Furthermore, Thompson et al reported on primary suture anchor repair of distal biceps femoris in 22 elite athletes and reported that all patients had returned to their preinjury level of sporting activity at 2-year follow-up.

Discussion:

Anatomic reconstructions of the FCL and ACL, such as the one described in our technique, effectively restore near native knee biomechanics and offer superior clinical outcomes compared with nonanatomic-based FCL reconstructions.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Understanding the Phoenix Phenomenon: Can a Project Be Both a Failure and a Success?
Authors: Midler Christophe , Alochet Marc
Published: May 2023

While the concept of project success remains largely open nowadays, we introduce here the Phoenix phenomenon, namely a project being both a success and a failure. Our analysis of an automotive vanguard project exhibits key characteristics of a Phoenix phenomenon: the very innovative and ambitious nature of the project; a project management approach that hybridizes causal innovative project development and effectual approaches; the strategic and operational capacity of the company to recover and valorize after the initial failure; and the learnings from and the achievements of the project in renewed scenarios. We conclude that project evaluation must now combine retrospective and prospective assessments methods to evaluate both achieved outcomes and potentialities of a project.
Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC21 regulates oxidative phosphorylation to induce differentiation block and stemness in AML
Authors: Shao Xuejing , Xu Aixiao , Du Wenxin , Xu Tong , Huang Yunpeng , Xia Zhimei , Wang Wei , Cai Minyi , Zhang Xingya , Zhang Jianhua , Cao Ji , Xu Xiaojun , Yang Bo , He Qiaojun , Ying Meidan
Published: May 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy. Nearly 50% of patients who receive the most intensive treatment inevitably suffer disease relapse, likely resulting from the persistence of drug‑resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs). AML cells especially LSCs are highly dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for survival, but the mechanism involved in OXPHOS hyperactivity is unclear and a noncytotoxic strategy to inhibit OXPHOS is lacking. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that ZDHHC21 palmitoyltransferase serves as a key regulator of OXPHOS hyperactivity in AML cells. The depletion/inhibition of ZDHHC21 effectively induced myeloid differentiation and weakened stemness potential by inhibiting OXPHOS in AML cells. Interestingly, FLT3-ITD mutated AML cells expressed significantly higher levels of ZDHHC21 and exhibited better sensitivity to ZDHHC21 inhibition. Mechanistically, ZDHHC21 specifically catalyzed the palmitoylation of mitochondrial kinase AK2 and further activated OXPHOS in leukemic blasts. Inhibition of ZDHHC21 arrested the in vivo growth of AML cells and extended the survival of mice inoculated with AML cell lines and PDX-AML blasts. Moreover, targeting ZDHHC21 to suppress OXPHOS markedly eradicated AML blasts and enhanced chemotherapy efficacy in relapsed/refractory leukemia. Together, these findings not only uncover a new biological function of palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC21 in regulating AML oxidative phosphorylation, but also indicate that ZDHHC21 inhibition is a promising therapeutic regimen for patients with AML, especially relapsed/refractory leukemia.
Prevalence and clinical expression of germ line predisposition to myeloid neoplasms in adults with marrow hypocellularity
Authors: Molteni Elisabetta , Bono Elisa , Gallì Anna , Elena Chiara , Ferrari Jacqueline , Fiorelli Nicolas , Pozzi Sara , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Sarchi Martina , Rizzo Ettore , Camilotto Virginia , Boveri Emanuela , Cazzola Mario , Malcovati Luca
Published: May 2023

Systematic studies of germ line genetic predisposition to myeloid neoplasms in adult patients are still limited. In this work, we performed germ line and somatic targeted sequencing in a cohort of adult patients with hypoplastic bone marrow (BM) to study germ line predisposition variants and their clinical correlates. The study population included 402 consecutive adult patients investigated for unexplained cytopenia and reduced age-adjusted BM cellularity. Germ line mutation analysis was performed using a panel of 60 genes, and variants were interpreted per the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines; somatic mutation analysis was performed using a panel of 54 genes. Of the 402 patients, 27 (6.7%) carried germ line variants that caused a predisposition syndrome/disorder. The most frequent disorders were DDX41-associated predisposition, Fanconi anemia, GATA2-deficiency syndrome, severe congenital neutropenia, RASopathy, and Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Eighteen of 27 patients (67%) with causative germ line genotype were diagnosed with myeloid neoplasm, and the remaining with cytopenia of undetermined significance. Patients with a predisposition syndrome/disorder were younger than the remaining patients and had a higher risk of severe or multiple cytopenias and advanced myeloid malignancy. In patients with myeloid neoplasm, causative germ line mutations were associated with increased risk of progression into acute myeloid leukemia. Family or personal history of cancer did not show significant association with a predisposition syndrome/disorder. The findings of this study unveil the spectrum, clinical expressivity, and prevalence of germ line predisposition mutations in an unselected cohort of adult patients with cytopenia and hypoplastic BM.
Silent cerebral infarction during immune TTP remission - prevalence, predictors, and impact on cognition
Authors: Chaturvedi Shruti , Yu Jia , Brown Jenna , Wei Aria , Selvakumar Sruthi , Gerber Gloria F , Moliterno Alison R. , Streiff Michael B. , Kraus Peggy , Logue Claire Maylor , Yui Jennifer C , Naik Rakhi P. , Latif Hira , Lanzkron Sophie , Braunstein Evan M. , Brodsky Robert A. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Lin Doris D
Published: May 2023

Immune TTP (iTTP) survivors have increased risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke, and report persistent cognitive difficulties during remission. We conducted this prospective study of iTTP survivors in clinical remission to determine the prevalence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI), defined as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of brain infarction without corresponding overt neuro-deficits, during clinical remission. We also tested the hypothesis that SCI is associated with cognitive impairment assessed using the NIH ToolBox cognition battery. We used fully corrected T scores adjusted for age, sex, race, and education. Based on DSM-5 criteria, we defined mild and major cognitive impairment as T-scores that are 1-2 SD and > 2 SD below the mean on at least one test, respectively. Forty-two patients have been enrolled, with 36 completing MRI.SCI was present in 50% (18) , of which 8 (44.4%) had prior overt stroke including during acute iTTP. Patients with SCI had higher rates of cognitive impairment (66.7% vs. 27.7%, P=0.026) including major cognitive impairment (50% vs. 5.6%, P=0.010). In separate logistic regression models, SCI was associated with any (mild or major) cognitive impairment [OR 10.5 (95% CI 1.45 - 76.63); P = 0.020] and major cognitive impairment [OR 7.98 (95% CI 1.11 - 57.27); P = 0.039] after adjusting for history of stroke and Beck depression inventory scores. In summary, MRI evidence of brain infarction is common in iTTP survivors; the strong association of SCI with impaired cognition suggests that these 'silent' infarcts are neither silent nor innocuous.
Calcineurin inhibitor inhibits tolerance induction by suppressing terminal exhaustion of donor T cells after allo-HCT
Authors: Senjo Hajime , Harada Shinpei , Kubota Shimpei I. , Tanaka Yuki , Tateno Takahiro , Zhang Zixuan , Okada Satomi , Chen Xuanzhong , Kikuchi Ryo , Miyashita Naoki , Onozawa Masahiro , Goto Hideki , Endo Tomoyuki , Hasegawa Yuta , Ohigashi Hiroyuki , Ara Takahide , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Murakami Masaaki , Teshima Takanori , Hashimoto Daigo
Published: May 2023

Calcineurin inhibitor–based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis is standard in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) but fails to induce long-term tolerance without chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in a considerable number of patients. In this study, we addressed this long-standing question in mouse models of HCT. After HCT, alloreactive donor T cells rapidly differentiated into PD-1+ TIGIT+ terminally exhausted T cells (terminal Tex). GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine (CSP) suppressed donor T-cell expression of TOX, a master regulator to promote differentiation of transitory exhausted T cells (transitory Tex), expressing both inhibitory receptors and effector molecules, into terminal Tex, and inhibited tolerance induction. Adoptive transfer of transitory Tex, but not terminal Tex, into secondary recipients developed cGVHD. Transitory Tex maintained alloreactivity and thus PD-1 blockade restored graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity of transitory Tex and not terminal Tex. In conclusion, CSP inhibits tolerance induction by suppressing the terminal exhaustion of donor T cells, while maintaining GVL effects to suppress leukemia relapse.