bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of public enterprise management in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Jakopin Edvard , Kalinić Miladin
Published: July 2021

The results of a comparative study of the effects of state and public enterprise management in transition economies have classified Serbia as a group of countries with inefficient management. Transition countries, members of the EU, achieve better management performance of state-owned enterprises than non-EU countries, due to stronger institutions, efficient state aid rules, as well as greater transparency of budget support. The global pandemic in 2020 and increased health, economic and social risks, in many transition countries have not affected the slowdown of structural reforms in public enterprises, on the contrary, a special focus was directed towards upgrading the mechanisms of management of public enterprises, strengthening the anti-corruption policy, digitalization of state services, etc. The research of the reform balance of the management of large republican public infrastructure enterprises in the Republic of Serbia has shown that the state has major problems in the management of enterprises that are in its portfolio and under its control. Their business poses a permanent budget risk, directly affecting economic growth and key macroeconomic aggregates. Large infrastructure public enterprises have a dominant share in the energy and transport sectors, which affects the business of the entire economy. The balance of their business in the period of economic boom is in increasing discrepancy with the balance of business of the private sector, which clearly indicates the problem of management. The primary reform task in the management of public enterprises is to improve the accountability, transparency and efficiency of their management.
Application of discrete wavelet transform to analysis of cutting forces in turning of composites based on aluminium alloys reinforced with Al2O3 fibres
Authors: Karolczak Paweł
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of experimental tests of the turning of an aluminium composite reinforced with Al2O3 fibres. The tests were carried out using three cutting tools with no cutting fluid and in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. The cutting forces were measured. For further analyses the main force component was selected. Its mean values and amplitudes were calculated. Then the registered traces were filtered with Daubechies wavelets. Load constancy factors for the filtered off signals were calculated and compared with the factors calculated from the unfiltered signals. On the basis of this comparison, the level of disturbances and noise during the turning of the aluminium composites was assessed and the effect of the machining conditions on the size of the disturbances was determined. It has been found that the discrete wavelet transform can be a tool aiding the monitoring of the turning of composites.
Investigations on the oxidation of Zn-coated steel cables
Authors: Pinto Gustavo , Silva F.J.G. , Baptista A. , Campilho Raul , Viana F.
Published: July 2021

The automotive component industry has been constantly being studying to improve its performance. Bowden cables are present in opening doors, moving windows and others. In braided cables formed by galvanized wires with Zn steel exposed to the usual environmental conditions, the generation of ZnO appears, a phenomenon known as "white corrosion". The investigation consisted of mitigating the causes of the ZnO formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) technology, allowed to detect that the generation of ZnO was induced by the presence of nucleating elements of ZnO on the surface of the steel cable before galvanizing with Zn. The S, Cl and O became visible in the interface between coating and substrate. This allowed concluding, under the coating, there were harmful products capable of triggering the ZnO nucleation reaction. So, the storage and cleaning of the steel wire before galvanizing is essential to prevent the ZnO formation.
Health assessment of a multi-bolted connection due to removing selected bolts
Authors: Grzejda Rafał , Parus Arkadiusz
Published: July 2021

In the paper, experimental studies of an asymmetric preloaded seven-bolted connection are presented. The tightening process of the connection was carried out with a wrench, monitoring the values of the bolt forces with a calibrated strain gauge measuring system. Two methods of bolt tightening were tested: in one and several passes. After all bolts were tightened, the selected bolts were removed, simulating bolt failure under the loading conditions of the connection. The influence of the method and sequence of bolt tightening on the distribution of bolt forces values after the introduction of failure states of some bolts was investigated. The results were statistically processed and presented in the form of graphs showing the distributions of normalised bolt forces values for all the considered failure cases.
Short term prediction of wind speed based on long-short term memory networks
Authors: Salman Umar , Rehman Shafiqur , Alawode Basit , Alhems Luai
Published: July 2021

Power utilities, developers, and investors are pushing towards larger penetrations of wind and solar energy-based power generation in their existing energy mix. This study, specifically, looks towards wind power deployment in Saudi Arabia. For profitable development of wind power, accurate knowledge of wind speed both in spatial and time domains is critical. The wind speed is the most fluctuating and intermittent parameter in nature compared to all the meteorological variables. This uncertain nature of wind speed makes wind power more difficult to predict ahead of time. Wind speed is dependent on meteorological factors such as pressure, temperature, and relative humidity and can be predicted using these meteorological parameters. The forecasting of wind speed is critical for grid management, cost of energy, and quality power supply. This study proposes a short-term, multi-dimensional prediction of wind speed based on Long-Short Term Memory Networks (LSTM). Five models are developed by training the networks with measured hourly mean wind speed values from1980 to 2019 including exogenous inputs (temperature and pressure). The study found that LSTM is a powerful tool for a short-term prediction of wind speed. However, the accuracy of LSTM may be compromised with the inclusion of exogenous features in the training sets and the duration of prediction ahead.
Optimization of tilt angle and experimental study of standalone PV system for clean energy home supply in Baghdad
Authors: Al-Shammari Sarah , Karamallah Abdulhassan , Aljabair Sattar
Published: July 2021

The performance of the system of the solar radiation conversion is influenced via the angle of tilt with a horizontal plane; therefore, the photovoltaic array requires to be tilted at the right angle for maximizing the system conversion efficiency. The present paper has been carried out monthly at the optimum tilt angle numerically with an experimental system set up for home supply in Baghdad city (latitude 33°20'). Mathematical models were programmed by MATLAB to predict the solar energy incident on the surface all day of the year at angles from (0-90°). Experimental results manifested the performance of photovoltaic panel (PV) to provide a home with a light energy use in the shortcut electricity. The solar power system output is a function of the solar radiation. The high output of power was between (11.00 am) and (1.00 pm), which matches the high-power output time. The monthly optimum tilt angle can vary significantly during the year between 18° in summer to 65° in winter season.
Skorohod-Olevsky viscous sintering model sensitivity to temperature distribution during the sintering process
Authors: Petrović Veljko , Buljak Vladimir , Cornaggia Aram
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the influence of temperature field non-uniformity on sintering simulation results using the Skorohod-Olevsky viscous sintering model. As a difference to previous studies, here a thermal transient analysis is performed to provide a detailed temperature field over the component within sintering time. Results obtained using uniform temperature distribution are compared to those obtained using a nonuniform distribution derived from a transient thermal analysis. Results are compared for different geometry sizes, that lead to different temperature non-uniformity levels. The study has shown that the temperature nonuniformity cannot always be neglected and should be considered as a possible source of modeling error.
Design of the crusher for plastic and rubber waste produced in automotive industry
Authors: Melicherčík Ján , Kuvik Tomáš , Krilek Jozef , Čabalová Iveta
Published: July 2021

According to European Tyre&Rubber Manufacturers' Association (ETRMA), there are about 1 billion cars all over the world. If the interest in cars does not change, the number of cars is going to be increased and in 2030 there is going to be more than 2 billion cars in the world - regardless of whether they will be powered by a petrol engine or a completely different one at that time. Based on the studies, we focused on the design of the crusher whose task is to effectively recover plastic and rubber waste from used cars. The paper describes the stress - strain analysis of the cutting device of the crusher using a defined material for its production. The basic parameters of the crusher were investigated for a determined final cutting force. Based on the cutting force and the designed crusher, a finite element analysis (FEM) was performed confirming the correctness of the selected material for the production of the crusher for the processing waste materials. The basic parameters of the crusher were observed for determination of the final cutting force.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Miolski Jelena , Ješić Maja , Zdravković Vera
Published: July 2021

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a disease in which a gene mutation, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, causes a disorder in the synthesis of enzymes that create glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or sex steroids from adrenal cholesterol. The incidence of the classic form of the disease ranges from 1:14000 to 1:18000 births. In the majority of cases, the disease is caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene that participates in the synthesis of the 21 Alpha-hydroxylase. Due to the lack of enzymes, the synthesis of cortisol is blocked with the accumulation of sex hormones. The classic form of the disease, or a simple virilizing form in which patients lose salt, is diagnosed in the infant period. In the non-classical or mild form of the disease, with late-onset, patients may be asymptomatic or with a milder form of virilization postnatally. The diagnosis is made based on 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, in order to determine the deficiency of the 21 Alpha-hydroxylase enzyme. Common complications of the disease are adrenal crisis, hypoglycemia, infertility, and premature entry into puberty. Prenatal therapy is referred to as experimental treatment, while the basis of care is hydrocortisone replacement. In severe forms of the disease, patients are unable to produce enough cortisol in response to stress from gastroenteritis, surgery, trauma, or fever, requiring higher doses of hydrocortisone. In certain cases of genital uncertainty, surgical treatment is necessary. A multidisciplinary team of experts is necessary for adequate surveillance of the disease, in both childhood and adulthood.
The importance of physical activity for the development of motor skills of younger school age children
Authors: Bukvić Zorana , Ćirović Dragana , Nikolić Dejan
Published: July 2021

Physical activity plays an important role in the motor and psychological development in a pediatric population. The maturation of human motor skills is gradual over the time. It depends on several factors, including but not limited to: individual differences, health condition, quality of neuromuscular structures and stimulating factors. Research included in this review shows that different types of physical activity, including aerobic training, strength training, dance, yoga, and walking programs, improve mood and mental health. Aerobic physical activity has the greatest effect on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and stress. Habits related to the physical activity, acquired in childhood, can be maintained in adulthood, which contributes to the better health and quality of life. Extensive literature indicates that regular physical activity encourages growth and development and has multiple benefits for the mental, physical, cognitive and psychosocial health of children. Children capacities for exercise change in accordance within defined developmental periods. Young children are active at short intervals and their capacity for continuous activity increases as they grow and mature. The health benefits of sporadic exercise at a younger age are not well established, stressing the short-term benefits of physical activity for some aspects of cognitive and mental health, indicating that maximum benefit can be achieved by frequent bouts of exercise during the day.
Method assessment for non-targeted analyses (MANTA) program :
Authors: Place Benjamin J , Rimmer Catherine A
Published: July 2021

Non-targeted analysis is the determination of the chemical composition of a complex mixture without a priori knowledge regarding the identities or quantities of the compound. These techniques can be performed in a wide variety of materials and areas of study. Methods and results between laboratories can vary widely based on the compounds of interest and user expertise, which can cause poor interlaboratory comparability of non-targeted results. To address this knowledge gap, three research grade test materials were developed to allow for the comparison of instrument methods, specifically reversed-phase liquid chromatography with positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The materials were shipped to thirty-one participating laboratories to be analyzed by their own non-targeted analysis instrumental method. Of the participants, twenty-three laboratories submitted good quality datasets and could be further evaluated. Using principal components analysis, the differences and similarities of the analytical methods could be examined. Overall, there were no obvious trends or associations between the methods of different laboratories and the review of the principal components analysis revealed no notable parameters that caused significant clustering or separation.
EVALUATION OF PROTEIN AND IRON ABSORPTION OF MOCAF-BASED WEANING FOOD
Authors:   Research Center for Appropriate Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Subang, Ratnawati Lia , Desnilasari Dewi , Indrianti Novita , Sholichah Enny , Kristanti Dita ,   Research Center for Appropriate Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Subang
Published: July 2021

Weaning food biscuit based on mocaf (modified cassava flour) with substitution of soybean, mung bean and red kidney bean flour is expected increasing protein of the product. However, in the legumes flour there are anti-nutritional agent that can affect the absorption of other nutrient such as protein and iron. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the absorption of protein and iron from mocaf based-weaning food. Protein and iron absorption were determined from weaning food (biscuit) using Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 weeks old, weight 70-80 g for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The treatments of this study were mocaf biscuits (as a control), biscuits with substitution of soybean flour (MSF), mung bean flour (MMF), red kidney bean flour (MRF) and commercial biscuits (CB). The highest protein absorption of control, MSF and MRF were at 120 minutes with absorption percentages 27.76, 38.94, and 9.35%, respectively. Samples MMF and CB had the highest protein absorption at 60 and 90 minutes, with absorption percentages 15.58 and 37.57%. Meanwhile, the highest iron absorption of control, MSF and MMF were at 90 minutes with absorption percentages 53.86, 4.71, and 54.29%. Samples MRF and CB had highest iron absorption at 60 minutes with absorption percentages 7.97 and 69.76%, respectively. The MSF sample had highest protein absorption than other samples. Meanwhile, the MMF sample had an iron absorption value that approached to commercial biscuit.
FORMULASI MEDIA ALTERNATIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG, PISANG, DAN WHEY UNTUK Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Authors:   Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Pertanian-Peternakan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Wachid Moch. , Nurinbaity Yasmin , Harini Noor , Saati Elfi Anis , Wahyudi Vritta Amroini ,   Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Pertanian-Peternakan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang
Published: July 2021

De Man Rogose and Sharpe (MRS) growth medium is a specific growth medium for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) but has a relatively expensive price. This can be overcome by making alternative media from waste materials. This study used Lactobacilus bulgaricus to represent LAB analyzed for growth. The research aims to formulate alternative media from the waste of cassava peels, banana peels, and tofu whey; determine the best formulation based on the growth parameters of L. bulgaricus; apply the L. bulgaricus in soygurt making and analyze the quality of the resulting yogurt. The results showed the composition of cassava peel: banana peel (75:25 w/w) with the addition of urea 1.5% as the best formu-lation. This formula yields a total LAB of 8.6x106 CFU/mL. The total LAB in the alternative medium was higher than that in MRS control at 1.7x106 CFU/mL. Soygurt produced from LAB as a result of growth from the best media [cassava peel+banana peel (75:25) with the addition of 1.5% urea] resulted in a fat content of 0.9%, total titrated acid 0.6%, protein 8.1 %, pH 4.7, viscosity 14.2 dPas, total dissolved solids 9.7°Brix, brightness (L) 64.3, and yellow-blue (b +) 10.1. These fat content, total titrated acid, and protein are in accordance with SNI for yogurt 2981: 2009.
COMPARISON STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM THREE BANANA LEAVES EXTRACTS
Authors:   Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Handayani Ratna , Fans Kinkstie , Mastuti Titri Siratantri ,   Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Rosa Dela ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang
Published: July 2021

Banana (Musa spp.) is mainly grown in the tropical and subtropical countries. Previous study reported that Musa spp. leaves had a potential antioxidant activity, but it was still rarely studied further. In this research, leaves of Musa balbisiana, Musa acuminate, and Musa paradisiaca were extracted using maceration method for 24 hours with three kinds of solvent having different polarities: ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi polar), and hexane (nonpolar). The goal of this research was to compare and determine the stability of the antioxidant activity extracted from different Musa sp. leaves. The highest antioxidant activity is found from Musa balbisiana leaves extract with IC50 value 340.07±22.54 ppm (hexane fraction). Correlation analysis between antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid of the extracts cannot conclude that the active antioxidant substances in these three banana species leaves were from phenolic or flavonoid groups. This crude extract from Musa balbisiana was then subjected to various pH levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0) and temperatures (50, 70, and 90°C) to determine the stability of its antioxidant activity. It is found that the best stability condition is at pH 3.0 and temperature of 50°C with an increase of 63.1% in IC50, a decrease of 15.72% in total phenolics, and a decrease of 3.67% in total flavonoids as compared to before treatment.
Teatro obrero y militante de los años 60 y 70 en Chile: escenas internacionalistas y antiimperialistas construyendo un nuevo mundo.
Authors: Artés Patricia Alejandra
Published: July 2021

Este artículo problematiza la práctica del teatro obrero y militante de lo años 60 y 70 en Chile como parte del proyecto de la Unidad Popular. Tres son los elementos centrales de este texto: 1) el acercamiento a perspectivas y construcciones políticas teatrales internacionalistas y antiimperialistas de las izquierdas latinoamericanas -específicamente chilenas- a través de la revista cubana Conjunto; 2) la disputa de la concepción de Teatro Nacional Popular entre la idea de pacto social y las que levantan un discurso antagónico; 3) la aproximación al teatro CUT y Teatro Nuevo Popular como escenas militantes chilenas, cuyas prácticas adscriben a políticas teatrales antiimperialistas de las izquierdas latinoamericanas, y a la noción de clase de un Teatro Nacional Popular.
El teatro obrero y militante durante la Unidad Popular, a través de la reconfiguración de los modos productivos escénicos y los modos de imaginar, fue parte activa del proceso de la clase trabajadora que se arrojó material y subjetivamente hacia la construcción de un mundo nuevo, de otra vida posible.
El Tren Popular de la Cultura: expresión del arte para todos
Authors: Espinoza Cartes Carolina Andrea
Published: July 2021

La medida número 40 del programa de gobierno de la Unidad Popular encabezado por el presidente Salvador Allende, tenía por objetivo la creación del Instituto Nacional del Arte y la Cultura a través de la instauración de escuelas de formación artística en todas las provincias de Chile. La experiencia estandarte que logró aunar todos los simbolismos tras esta medida fue el Tren Popular de la Cultura, un tren que viajó con artistas de diversas disciplinas durante cuarenta días al sur de Chile, llevando diferentes expresiones artísticas a lugares donde nunca habían llegado. La actividad llevada a cabo en febrero de 1971 fue exitosa en cuanto a artistas que participaron en ella y a población beneficiada con las actividades. Sin embargo, nunca más se repitió debido a los acontecimientos que dificultaron la continuidad del gobierno de la Unidad Popular, al punto de provocar su caída en el golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre de 1973.  ¿Qué quedó de esa experiencia en la población chilena? ¿Puede ser considerado uno de los primeros intentos por descentralizar la cultura de la capital y promocionar a los jóvenes artistas desde su más cercano entorno geográfico y cultural? ¿Dejó huella la experiencia en los artistas que posteriormente debieron luchar contra la dictadura desde el interior o desde el exilio? Es lo que se intenta descubrir en este artículo que se complementa con testimonios captados en el proceso de grabación del documental “El tren popular de la cultura”, dirigido por la autora en 2015.
Una figura en sombras: Salvador Allende en filmes chilenos de postdictadura
Authors: Salomone Alicia
Published: July 2021

Este ensayo propone un análisis sobre tres filmes chilenos contemporáneos que elaboran representaciones ficcionales y documentales acerca de la vida y el legado político del ex presidente Salvador Allende. La hipótesis que guía el análisis sostiene que estos filmes discuten el carácter ensombrecido de la figura de Allende en la escena cultural de la postdictadura. El trabajo llevó adelante tres objetivos: primero, analizar los recursos enunciativos y compositivos utilizados para recrear la vida personal y pública del ex presidente. Segundo, interrogar los significados transmitidos por dichos recursos y estrategias. En tercer término, explicar cómo los relatos fílmicos dialogan con otros discursos sociales, instalando visiones que cuestionan la opacidad de la figura de Salvador Allende y, más ampliamente, las memorias sociales sobre la Unidad Popular. El corpus sobre el que se realizó el estudio son las siguientes películas: Salvador Allende (2004), de Patricio Guzmán, Allende en su laberinto (2014), de Miguel Littin y Allende mi abuelo Allende (2015) de Marcia Tambutti.
Cuarto tesis sobre literatura durante la Unidad Popular chilena
Authors: Ayala Munita Matías
Published: July 2021

En este ensayo se elaboran cuatro tesis para explicar la invisibilidad que ha tenido la literatura durante la Unidad Popular chilena. Estas cuatro tesis abordan la producción literaria desde distintas perspectivas que forman una constelación crítica que trenzan obras y lecturas desde un punto de vista tanto histórico como contemporáneo. La primera tesis propone la invisibilidad durante la UP chilena para la historia literaria. La segunda especula que las obras literarias quizás no lograron articular el rápido y cambiante acontecimiento colectivo de la Unidad Popular en una obra memorable. La tercera sostiene que la literatura durante la UP se encuentra arrinconada entre los medios masivos y la emergencia de lo popular. La cuarta tesis apunta, en cambio, a la lectura contemporánea de estas obras: desde la post-dictadura -como paradigma de interpretación político, social y cultural- que concibe el proyecto de la UP a partir del fracaso de la izquierda y del duelo de la violencia dictatorial  es incapaz de leer la literatura durante la UP como objeto valioso, interesante y complejo.
Abstracción fotográfica y performatividad material
Authors: Robles De La Pava Juliana
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar el lugar que ocupa la materialidad en el estudio de un con-junto de obras fotográficas abstractas producidas en la Argentina entre 1960 y 1980. Para llevar esto adelante resultará necesario hacer un breve recorrido por distintos abordajes teóricos sobre el medio para poder ubicar allí el lugar que ha ocupado la reflexión respecto de la materiali-dad. En función de esto se intentará perfilar una noción de materialidad concebida en los términos de una multiplici-dad relacional con el objetivo de describir, seguidamente, un conjunto de objetos fotográficos que en el marco del abstracccionismo estético en la Argentina pusieron en ja-que los modelos referencialistas de la fotografía e inscri-bieron la actualización de una idea fotográfica concebida más allá de los paradigmas indiciales o del constructivis-mo cultural, asociados al medio. De acuerdo con esto, se intentará sostener que en la abstracción fotográfica se pone en juego una lógica performativa de la materialidad que desestabiliza los modos convencionales de concebir a la imagen técnica.
“¿Qué significa pesimista?” Infancia e insilio durante la dictadura argentina (1976-1983) en el filme 'El premio' (2011) de Paula Markovitch.
Authors: Rocco Alessandro
Published: July 2021

El filme El premio (2011), de Paula Markovitch, se inscribe en la producción de los hijos de víctimas de la dictadura argentina. La autora funde autobiografía y ficción para hacer presentes sus experiencias infantiles, concentrándose en el momento en que su historia sufre la embestida del terrorismo de Estado. Además, imaginando la desaparición del padre de la protagonista, la autora se identifica con quienes fueron víctimas de la pérdida de sus familiares. El punto de vista de la protagonista orienta la narración, concentrándose en la experiencia de una niña de siete años, hija de padres perseguidos, en un pueblo de provincia; pero también conserva la mirada de la adulta, a la que se ofrece la oportunidad de una elaboración nueva de lo vivido, especialmente respecto de la relación con su madre. Para ahondar en este aspecto, nos centraremos en los ámbitos de la experiencia del personaje que juegan un papel estructural en el relato: la dimensión espacial, la esfera del juego, la imaginación y la ficción literaria, el contexto de la escuela. Por último, la relación familiar, distorsionada por la violencia de la dictadura.
Narraciones internacionales de la Guerra Civil. Escritores e intelectuales contra las dos Españas
Authors: Martínez Rubio José
Published: July 2021

El relato dominante sobre la naturaleza de la Guerra Civil española ha sido configurado desde plan-teamientos que, en buena medida, han prescindido de las coordenadas históricas internacionales, promocionando una mirada mítica o esencialista, cristalizada en tópicos como el cainismo español o el enfrentamiento sempiterno de dos Españas antagónicas. Se trata, en mi opinión, de un relato que impide observar el conflicto en toda su mag-nitud. Este trabajo pretende explorar algunas narraciones periféricas de la contienda, especialmente elaboradas por escritores extranjeros, que abren la perspectiva a una in-terpretación internacional del conflicto y que cambian la explicación general de la Guerra Civil.
1970-1973. El cine chileno durante Salvador Allende
Authors: Guzmán Patricio
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza las condiciones de creación y producción cinematográfica durante el gobierno de la Unidad Popular. Para ello examina tres ejes principales. En primer lugar, los problemas políticos que tuvieron que afrontar los cineastas. En segundo lugar, los problemas ideológicos que atravesaron los espacios de producción ligados al proyecto de construcción socialista. En tercer lugar, los problemas económicos que se concretaron en la dificultad para acceder a materiales y recursos necesarios para los rodajes y la postproducción. Esos problemas económicos estaban ligados al bloqueo invisible con que las multinacionales norteamericanas golpearon a la economía chilena, y de forma muy llamativa al sector cinematográfico. El artículo alude también al modo en que muchos de los cineastas identificados con el proyecto de la Unidad Popular debieron desarollar, a partir de septiembre de 1973, buena parte de su cinematografía en el exilio.
La perspectiva del Antropoceno: Una mirada geológica al cambio climático
Authors: Cearreta Alejandro
Published: July 2021

La división del tiempo geológico más reciente está basada en eventos de carácter climático provocados por variaciones en la órbita y el eje de rotación de la Tierra a escala de miles de años. Sin embargo, la magnitud del cambio geológico causado por la humanidad a través de su joven tecnosfera está afectando negativamente a las otras esferas clásicas (atmósfera, hidrosfera, biosfera y geosfera) con su creciente demanda de materias primas y el reciclaje incompleto de sus residuos (por ejemplo, los gases de efecto invernadero) particularmente desde mediados del siglo XX. El uso masivo de combustibles fósiles para impulsar el enorme desarrollo industrial reciente ha convertido a la humanidad en el nuevo agente del cambio climático a escala planetaria. Algunas alteraciones asociadas con este nuevo régimen climático antropoceno son ya irreversibles y superan la variabilidad natural de los últimos miles de años.
Ciudadanía y transformación social: Nuevos discursos y acción contra el cambio climático
Authors: Melo Escrihuela Carme
Published: July 2021

El cambio climático protagoniza el debate medioambiental desde hace tres décadas. A pesar de los acuerdos internacionales adoptados, la humanidad no ha conseguido frenar el aumento de la temperatura planetaria. La crisis del coronavirus ha relegado el debate sobre la emergencia climática a un segundo plano, aunque las conexiones entre cambio climático y pandemia demuestran las múltiples razones que tenemos para actuar por el clima. Las políticas públicas han favorecido regulaciones, instrumentos de mercado y estrategias de modernización ecológica que consolidan un capitalismo verde que agrava el problema y lo despolitiza. La lucha contra el cambio climático necesita un nuevo enfoque, basado en la política ciudadana y la transformación social.
El futuro de los cítricos: Impacto del cambio climático en la citricultura
Authors: Balfagón Damián , Arbona Vicent , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio
Published: July 2021

La citricultura actual está amenazada por el cambio climático. El incremento de las temperaturas, junto a la aparición de otros fenómenos climáticos adversos, modifica las condiciones ambientales de las regiones donde se han desarrollado las variedades citrícolas actuales. Los efectos perjudiciales sobre la fisiología y producción de los cítricos que tienen estos factores ambientales adversos, como la sequía o la salinidad del suelo, se incrementarán debido a las altas temperaturas, lo que pondrá en riesgo la producción del cultivo y, en casos extremos, incluso la supervivencia de las plantas. El estudio de las respuestas de tolerancia de los cítricos al cambio climático puede mostrarnos las claves para desarrollar nuevas variedades de cítricos capaces de resistir las futuras condiciones ambientales y mantener la producción.
Climate change is not equal to all: The contribution of feminist studies to climate change research
Authors: Rivera-Ferre Marta
Published: July 2021

The impacts of climate change on people are not homogeneous, with some social groups being more heavily affected than others. This is due to the existence of a differential and contextual vulnerability that most often is related to inequality. In this sense, gender is a key axis of social inequality that intersects with other systems of power and marginalization to cause unequal experiences of climate change vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Thus, a gender analysis in climate change research examines structures and relationships of power. In this article, I provide some examples of differential impacts of climate change and how feminist studies make visible the underlying causes of vulnerability as well as the agency of marginalised actors to propose alternatives.
El cambio climático en la alta montaña: Una perspectiva internacional con una mirada a los Pirineos
Authors: Bilbao Barrenetxea Nerea , Faria Sergio Henrique
Published: July 2021

Las altas montañas son una de las regiones más afectadas por el cambio climático. La compleja red de interacciones que existe en estas regiones entre las estructuras climáticas, biológicas y socioculturales se está viendo alterada. Mediante este trabajo tratamos de poner en el punto de mira los desafíos a los que se enfrentan estas regiones singulares. Analizamos por qué son importantes y cuál es su problemática en el escenario climático y político actual, con un enfoque especial en la región de los Pirineos.
Restoration of subjectivity: the role of reflection in personality development and humanization of social institutions
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich , Karnozova Lyudmila Mikhailovna
Published: July 2021

This article consists of two parts. The firs parts analyzes the general mechanism of reflection within the framework of the theoretical discourse; while the second part the introduced concepts and schemes of reflection are illustrated on the case of “restorative justice”. The analysis of two other cases (“Confession” by St. Augustine, as well as “Confessions” and “Resurrection” by L. Tolstoy) allows characterizing the two phases of psyche – preceding and accompanying reflection. The first phase represents a “crystallization of distortion subjectivity”, and at times its dissolution. The second phase (situation) launches the personality process, which can be described using the terminology of L. S. Vygotstky as “interiorization" of intersubjective; this is the conscious work that gives a new perspective on the situation and its resolution. Analysis is conducted on the two procedures of reflection itself ‒ reflexive way out to the space of “placelesness” (M. Bakhtin) with the shift of integrity and thingness, and reflexive return (G. Shchedrovitsky). Study of the case of restorative justice demonstrates the organizational-technical attitude towards reflection, communication and ensuring mutual understanding between people separated by crime, as a new moment in comparison with the “individual reflection” as internally determined personality process. The inclusion of reflection into social practices and humanities substantiates the possibility of complementing the concept of subjectivity and its “restoration” with the concept of agency as the proclivity for new actions, acquisition of the “authorial position” in relation to one's personal life and interaction with others.
Usefulness of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI of large vessel occlusion for detecting occluded middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery before acute mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Sato Kimitoshi , Hijikata Yasukazu , Omura Naoki , Miki Takanori , Kakita Hiroto , Yoshida Takashi , Shimizu Fuminori
Published: July 2021

Objective: Acute mechanical thrombectomy (AMT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion (LVO) is performed without directly identifying the occluded vessels. In this study, we evaluated whether 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D-fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) could visualize the occluded intracranial middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) before AMT.Methods: This retrospective study included 21 consecutive patients who underwent time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) and 3D-FIESTA MRI immediately before AMT. The patients also underwent TOF MRA after AMT and achieved TICI 2b or 3 by AMT at our hospital between February 2018 and April 2019. When LVO in the anterior circulation was detected by TOF MRA, 3D-FIESTA MRI was additionally performed. Then, the occluded intracranial MCA and ICA, including their branches, were constructed on the workstation with volume rendering. The obtained images were fused with the TOF MRA images to create combined 3D images.Results: The length and top-to-bottom distance of the affected M1 segment (calculated by the ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratio) were 1.29 and 1.17, respectively, on 3D-FIESTA MRI before AMT and 1.34 and 1.24, respectively, on TOF MRA after AMT. We assessed the number of M2 segments branching from the affected M1/M2 junction and visualized the affected anterior temporal artery. The 3D-FIESTA MRI before AMT and TOF MRA after AMT were consistent in all patients, except for two who moved vigorously during imaging.Conclusions: Images acquired by 1.5T 3D-FIESTA MRI can visualize to predict the existing path of the occluded MCA and ICA before AMT in patients with LVO of the anterior circulation.
CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment and its blockade enhances progression of murine pancreatic precancerous lesions
Authors: Pandey Veethika , Fleming-Martinez Alicia , Bastea Ligia , Doeppler Heike R , Eisenhauer Jillian , Le Tam , Edenfield Brandy , Storz Peter
Published: July 2021

The development of pancreatic cancer requires recruitment and activation of different macrophage populations. However, little is known about how macrophages are attracted to the pancreas after injury or an oncogenic event, and how they crosstalk with lesion cells or other cells of the lesion microenvironment. Here, we delineate the importance of CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling during the early phase of murine pancreatic cancer. We show that CXCL10 is produced by pancreatic precancerous lesion cells in response to IFNγ signaling and that inflammatory macrophages are recipients for this chemokine. CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling in macrophages mediates their chemoattraction to the pancreas, enhances their proliferation, and maintains their inflammatory identity. Blocking of CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling in vivo shifts macrophage populations to a tumor-promoting (Ym1+, Fizz+, Arg1+) phenotype, increases fibrosis, and mediates progression of lesions, highlighting the importance of this pathway in PDA development. This is reversed when CXCL10 is overexpressed in PanIN cells.
Single caudate neurons encode temporally discounted value for formulating motivation for action
Authors: Hori Yukiko , Mimura Koki , Nagai Yuji , Fujimoto Atsushi , Oyama Kei , Kikuchi Erika , Inoue Ken-ichi , Takada Masahiko , Suhara Tetsuya , Richmond Barry J , Minamimoto Takafumi
Published: July 2021

The term ‘temporal discounting’ describes both choice preferences and motivation for delayed rewards. Here we show that neuronal activity in the dorsal part of the primate caudate head (dCDh) signals the temporally discounted value needed to compute the motivation for delayed rewards. Macaque monkeys performed an instrumental task, in which visual cues indicated the forthcoming size and delay duration before reward. Single dCDh neurons represented the temporally discounted value without reflecting changes in the animal’s physiological state. Bilateral pharmacological or chemogenetic inactivation of dCDh markedly distorted the normal task performance based on the integration of reward size and delay, but did not affect the task performance for different reward sizes without delay. These results suggest that dCDh is involved in encoding the integrated multi-dimensional information critical for motivation.
Long-term stability of cortical ensembles
Authors: Pérez-Ortega Jesús , Alejandre-García Tzitzitlini , Yuste Rafael
Published: July 2021

Neuronal ensembles, coactive groups of neurons found in spontaneous and evoked cortical activity, are causally related to memories and perception, but it is still unknown how stable or flexible they are over time. We used two-photon multiplane calcium imaging to track over weeks the activity of the same pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex from awake mice and recorded their spontaneous and visually evoked responses. Less than half of the neurons remained active across any two imaging sessions. These stable neurons formed ensembles that lasted weeks, but some ensembles were also transient and appeared only in one single session. Stable ensembles preserved most of their neurons for up to 46 days, our longest imaged period, and these ‘core’ cells had stronger functional connectivity. Our results demonstrate that neuronal ensembles can last for weeks and could, in principle, serve as a substrate for long-lasting representation of perceptual states or memories.
Resonating neurons stabilize heterogeneous grid-cell networks
Authors: Mittal Divyansh , Narayanan Rishikesh
Published: July 2021

A central theme that governs the functional design of biological networks is their ability to sustain stable function despite widespread parametric variability. Here, we investigated the impact of distinct forms of biological heterogeneities on the stability of a two-dimensional continuous attractor network (CAN) implicated in grid-patterned activity generation. We show that increasing degrees of biological heterogeneities progressively disrupted the emergence of grid-patterned activity and resulted in progressively large perturbations in low-frequency neural activity. We postulated that targeted suppression of low-frequency perturbations could ameliorate heterogeneity-induced disruptions of grid-patterned activity. To test this, we introduced intrinsic resonance, a physiological mechanism to suppress low-frequency activity, either by adding an additional high-pass filter (phenomenological) or by incorporating a slow negative feedback loop (mechanistic) into our model neurons. Strikingly, CAN models with resonating neurons were resilient to the incorporation of heterogeneities and exhibited stable grid-patterned firing. We found CAN models with mechanistic resonators to be more effective in targeted suppression of low-frequency activity, with the slow kinetics of the negative feedback loop essential in stabilizing these networks. As low-frequency perturbations (1/f noise) are pervasive across biological systems, our analyses suggest a universal role for mechanisms that suppress low-frequency activity in stabilizing heterogeneous biological networks.
Actuator behaviour modelling in IoT-Fog-Cloud simulation
Authors: Markus Andras , Biro Mate , Kecskemeti Gabor , Kertesz Attila
Published: July 2021

The inevitable evolution of information technology has led to the creation of IoT-Fog-Cloud systems, which combine the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing and Fog Computing. IoT systems are composed of possibly up to billions of smart devices, sensors and actuators connected through the Internet, and these components continuously generate large amounts of data. Cloud and fog services assist the data processing and storage needs of IoT devices. The behaviour of these devices can change dynamically (e.g. properties of data generation or device states). We refer to systems allowing behavioural changes in physical position (i.e. geolocation), as the Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT). The investigation and detailed analysis of such complex systems can be fostered by simulation solutions. The currently available, related simulation tools are lacking a generic actuator model including mobility management. In this paper, we present an extension of the DISSECT-CF-Fog simulator to support the analysis of arbitrary actuator events and mobility capabilities of IoT devices in IoT-Fog-Cloud systems. The main contributions of our work are: (i) a generic actuator model and its implementation in DISSECT-CF-Fog, and (ii) the evaluation of its use through logistics and healthcare scenarios. Our results show that we can successfully model IoMT systems and behavioural changes of actuators in IoT-Fog-Cloud systems in general, and analyse their management issues in terms of usage cost and execution time.
Morphological variation of the relictual alveolar structures in the mandibles of baleen whales
Authors: Peredo Carlos Mauricio , Pyenson Nicholas D.
Published: July 2021

Living baleen whales (mysticetes) are bulk filter feeders that use keratinous baleen plates to filter food from prey laden water. Extant mysticetes are born entirely edentulous, though they possess tooth buds early in ontogeny, a trait inherited from toothed ancestors. The mandibles of extant baleen whales have neither teeth nor baleen; teeth are resorbed in utero and baleen grows only on the palate. The mandibles of extant baleen whales also preserve a series of foramina and associated sulci that collectively form an elongated trough, called the alveolar groove. Despite this name, it remains unclear if the alveolar groove of edentulous mysticetes and the dental structures of toothed mammals are homologous. Here, we describe and quantify the anatomical diversity of these structures across extant mysticetes and compare their variable morphologies across living taxonomic groups (i.e., Balaenidae, Neobalaenidae, Eschrichtiidae, and Balaenopteridae). Although we found broad variability across taxonomic groups for the alveolar groove length, occupying approximately 60–80 percent of the mandible’s total curvilinear length (CLL) across all taxa, the relictual alveolar foramen showed distinct patterns, ranging between 15–25% CLL in balaenids, while ranging between 3–12% CLL in balaenopterids. This variability and the morphological patterning along the body of the mandible is consistent with the hypothesis that the foramina underlying the alveolar groove reflect relictual alveoli. These findings also lay the groundwork for future histological studies to examine the contents of these foramina and clarify their potential role in the feeding process.