bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of the formation of a classification description of forest rakes
Authors: Platonov Alexey
Published: November 2024

When performing work related to the proper maintenance of a number of infrastructure facilities, the structure of technological processes often provides for the technological operation of collecting and raking logging residues, carried out by mechanization. The article discusses the issues of classification of technical means of mechanization of performing these works, provides a formula for creating a description of technical means of mechanical removal of logging residues, considers the sequence of formation of a classification description of specific models of forest rakes, provides examples of their classification, and formulates a conclusion about the creation of a unified approach to systematization of produced forest rakes.
On shredding of wood raw materials with knives of different designs
Authors: Fokin Sergey , Shportko Oksana , Druchinin Denis
Published: November 2024

The market for renewable energy from forest residues has developed since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol to combat global climate change and due to the significant increase in hydrocarbon prices, which has also affected Russia. Many countries, such as Finland and Sweden, have developed technologies to utilise bio-resources, in particular wood, as fuel. This circumstance, as well as the tendency of domestic fuel prices to equalise with the cost of energy carriers on the world market, has contributed to an increased interest in the use of various fuels made from waste wood. In order to use this type of fuel, the raw material is chopped into chips of a certain size. The wood raw material is crushed by crushing machines, which differ in their mobility, type of cutting equipment and the type of chips produced. More than 70 % of the waste wood raw material is found in clearcuts. For this reason, mobile chipper technology is the most widely used in the forestry sector to produce the final product in the form of wood chips.Significant design range of this equipment and high efficiency proves the priority of its use in the production of fuel chips. The existing methods of designing wood chipping equipment cannot fully satisfy modern requirements for the development of new types of wood chopping machines. In the practice of wood raw material chopping the most widespread use has received straight knives, but they are characterised by high energy consumption of the cutting process, and the resulting chips do not meet the requirements for use in modern boiler units. Therefore, the proposed design of stepped knives will allow levelling the disadvantages of wood chopping by straight knives. The computer modelling of the working process of wood chips production from wood waste used in the research allows to carry out with a high degree of accuracy a comparative automated analysis of the efficiency of wood waste chopping by straight and stepped knives.
Study of parameters of the working body of the forest machine for removal of woody shrub vegetation
Authors: Ivashnev Mikhail , Tulina Anastasiya
Published: November 2024

The process of reforestation consists of a set of activities aimed at restoring destroyed or damaged forests. The process of forest restoration is a long one. For successful reforestation it is necessary to carry out measures ensuring effective establishment and growth of forest crops. These activities are carried out in a mechanized way using forest machines with different working bodies. Forest machines for removal of woody and shrub vegetation allow to carry out reforestation works and silvicultural care in forestry. The forest machine with a flat-rotating working body having a vertical axis of rotation can be used for clearing the territory from woody-shrub vegetation for the preparation of the area before planting forest crops and for the subsequent silvicultural care of forest crops. The article presents the normative legal framework that defines the requirements for reforestation and proposes a methodology for creating a standard-size range of the working body of the forest machine for the removal of woody shrub vegetation. The purpose of the work is to analyze the parameters of the working body of the forest machine for the removal of woody shrub vegetation. The analysis is based on the results of scientific research of the work of the flat-rotating working body and the size range created on its basis. The methodology for determining the dynamic parameters of the size range of the flat rotary working body is presented. Object of research: forest machine for removal of wood-shrub vegetation. Subject of the study: the working body of the forest machine for the removal of woody shrub vegetation during reforestation. To achieve the goal of the study the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis of the working body of the forest machine with a flat-rotating working body; modeling of the working body of the forest machine on the basis of the size range.
Strategic planning of the activities of mobile units as an element of sustainable mobility
Authors: Oleynik Pavel , Kazaryan Ruben , Doroshin Ivan , Kisel Vadim
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, active development of the territory of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East is being carried out, as a rule, by the forces of mobile construction organizations and their units. We are talking about increasing the sustainable mobility of construction organizations. They perform a huge range of work, including pioneer development of territories and the construction of various concentrated and dispersed construction projects. At the same time, the activities of mobile units differ significantly from the activities of traditional construction organizations, first of all, in that they have to autonomously solve the entire aspect of life support tasks far from the places of their permanent deployment. In this context, ensuring the dependable provision of efficient production resources to mobile units becomes crucial. These resources enable swift transformation of materials, structures, and equipment into finished construction products, minimizing human labor costs at the construction site. The paper presents an approach to choosing a strategy for the activities of mobile units using the example of pioneer development of a territory. The optimal planning model is described in detail, and methods for obtaining an integer solution are indicated.
Identification of key route indicators to compare different modes of transport
Authors: Kapski Denis , Semchenkov Sergey , Korolchuk Maxim , Abdurazzokov Umidulla
Published: November 2024

Key route indicators of transport are identified, revealing the main characteristics of the organization of routes that affect the rationality of the organization and the effectiveness of their work. A model has been developed that considers the structural and operational characteristics of vehicles, which makes it possible to determine not only the parameters of the vehicle’s operation on the route, but also the parameters characterizing the driver’s employment. The nomenclature of indicators is given, which makes it possible to objectively compare the parameters of the route operation when servicing it with various types of transport, with the help of which the operation of route No. 139 in Minsk is investigated.
Creation of a synthetic dataset for training precise movements of robots for in various industries
Authors: Gabdullin Rafael R. , Kugurakova Vlada V. , Iskhakov Robert T. , Kostyuk Daniil I.
Published: November 2024

Creating synthetic datasets for artificial intelligence training has a crucial role in modern developments. Considering the difficulties in collecting real data, which is often a costly and time-consuming process that requires significant resources and time. Synthetic data, on the other hand, allows generating large amounts of varied and controlled data that can be customized for specific training and testing needs. This makes the process of algorithm development and improvement more efficient and affordable. This paper presents a comprehensive tool for creating synthetic motion datasets based on rigging a 3D robot model. The ability to create and edit animations through the Blender interface is described. It supports a variety of well-known 3D model formats, providing flexibility in use, and includes powerful tools to achieve high-quality visual effects and realistic scenes. In addition, the tool can automatically generate a large number of robot images needed for training neural networks. By utilizing these capabilities, the tool greatly simplifies the creation of training datasets, making the process more efficient and affordable. Possible future enhancements include automation of rigging, further optimizing the functionality and usability of the tool for robotics and machine learning.
Environmental aspects of renewable energy applications
Authors: Kovalchuk Nadezhda , Shcherbakova Irina , Lazarev Anatolii
Published: November 2024

The results of comparative studies with conventional energy sources are analyzed and the main advantages and disadvantages of RES in terms of environmental sustainability are identified. The conclusion discusses the importance of further research and innovation to promote the efficient use of RES in the pursuit of a sustainable planet. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the environmental aspects of renewable energy sources in order to identify their environmental impact and compare this impact with conventional energy sources. The study aims to identify key advantages and disadvantages of RES utilization in terms of environmental sustainability and their contribution to strategies to combat climate change and conserve natural resources.
Modeling favorable conditions in the downstream of a dam under seismic effects
Authors: Hudaykulov Savet , Hudayberdiev Nizomiddin , Kayumov Dilshod , Jurayev Ulugbek
Published: November 2024

The study presents a comprehensive modeling approach to investigate the favorable conditions in the lower pool of a dam, particularly under seismic impacts. It emphasizes the critical issue of uneven flow distribution along the spillway front, which becomes exacerbated during seismic events. Such uneven flow not only leads to oscillatory movements but also triggers vortex processes that can undermine the structural integrity of the dam. These hydrodynamic phenomena create unfavorable conditions in the lower pool, resulting in the potential for severe erosion that compromises the dam’s operational and safety parameters. To address these challenges, the research utilizes a numerical solution implemented through the finite difference method, focusing on calculating the relative velocity within the apron of the dam. By identifying and quantifying adverse flow patterns, the study aims to inform the development of remedial measures, including channel fastenings and reinforcements, ensuring the resilience and stability of the dam under seismic loads. This investigation is crucial for enhancing dam safety and performance in seismic-prone areas.
Eco-friendly construction materials: Lime clay gipsum plaster mixtures
Authors: Asamatdinov Marat , Zhukov Alexey , Ushakov Andrey , Tursmuratov Bahram
Published: November 2024

Clay-gypsum raw materials and binders based on them are among the local building materials of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and their use makes it possible to regulate the import of gypsum binders and its derivatives, thereby optimizing supply chains. Clay gypsum is a natural formation of fine-grained crystalline gypsum, evenly mixed with clay or loam. The amount of gypsum ranges from 5 to 65%. The uniform distribution of clay particles in the gypsum matrix is due to the genesis of this sedimentary rock. Of interest are modifications of clay gypsum, including those using lime to produce lime-gypsum binder. The possibility of using quicklime allows us to solve the problem of heat treatment of clay gypsum in order to dehydrate the rock to the semi-aqueous state of gypsum. Also, lime contained in the material modifies the structure of clay, increasing the surface energy of clay particles. The purpose of the research was to develop a basic formulation for dry plaster plaster mixtures based on lime-clay-gypsum binder and evaluate the possibility of increasing its water resistance. As a result of the research, the optimal consumption of quicklime was established, equal to 48%, it was found that the specific surface of quartz sand significantly affects the softening coefficient of the material, and also the basics of the methodology for selecting the composition of the plaster mixture were developed and a nomogram was formed for predicting the properties of the plaster mixture and selecting recipe parameters. It has also been established that the temperature generated when mixing both the binder and the plaster mixture with water fully corresponds to the conditions for dehydration of the clay-gypsum component of the composite binder. Plaster mixtures based on lime-clay-gypsum binder and finely ground quartz sand can be used for interior decoration of dry rooms and rooms with relative humidity up to 75%.
Modeling of information-analytical support for the timber industry complex
Authors: Poluektov Alexander , Skvortsova Tatiana , Anikeev Evgeny , Yagodkin Alexander
Published: November 2024

The article describes the methods of designing the information network of the timber industry complex. Algorithms for generating user requests and converting them to a format that is understandable for processing in the system are described. A model of the behaviour of a multi-purpose information system is developed and mathematically justified, and its reachability is checked. The resource allocation problem is also formulated and the solution of the problem is mathematically justified. The possibility of conflicts appearing in the system is studied and evaluated, possible conflicts are identified and a mathematical apparatus for resolving conflicts is developed, as well as subsets of desirable and undesirable behaviour of subsystems are studied. In addition to the theoretical substantiation of the design methodology, the article also contains mathematical tools that can be useful for developing various information networks.
Processing of graphic and lexical information for landscapes of knowledge bases
Authors: Gomzov Nikolay , Yagodkin Alexander
Published: November 2024

The article addresses the problem of processing graphic and lexical information for the formation of knowledge bases on landscapes. It considers the possibility of using a neuro-fuzzy network, which enables effective processing of heterogeneous data and obtaining more accurate analysis results.
Anthropogenic impact on the territory of the natural parks “Chistyakovskaya Roscha” and “Solnechny ostrov“
Authors: Maximenko Anna , Khmara Ivan , Melchenko Alexander , Pogorelova Victoria
Published: November 2024

The article considers the state of natural complexes of specially protected natural areas of regional significance of Krasnodar “Chistyakovskaya Roscha” and “The Solnechny ostrov (Sunny Island) Park”, the anthropogenic threats identified for them. A significant share of the area of landscaping of these parks falls on the plantings planted and preserved to fulfil recreational functions within the city. The consequences of urbanization, active anthropogenic load, often unjustified impact and pollution of the park territory, spontaneous alienation of the territory for infrastructure objects, disturbance factors and transport impact are analyzed. Methods of determining the quality of projective coverage of the territory were used, the degree of degradation of natural landscapes was assessed based on the state of grass cover, the balance of the area of use of the territory of parks was calculated based on the results of the analysis of the road and path network of parks. Also carried out an assessment of the carrying capacity of the territory of parks, calculated the average annual recreational load and recreational capacity of the territory of parks.
The development of scientific and methodological provisions in the application of artificial neural networks
Authors: Babkin Alexander , Ponomareva Svetlana , Serebryansky Daniil , Mustafaev Timur , Nosirov Ilkhom
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the research topic in the field of artificial intelligence is associated with the growing interest in introducing independent intelligence through self-learning artificial neural networks, the need to expand the field of space research, reducing cosmonaut training and space objects research, as well as significant funds allocated to the subject under study. On the basis of the scientific researches to clarify the applied mathematical tools in the field of artificial intelligence and neural networks application; develop an algorithm for learning neural networks and identify the prospects for their use for artificial intelligence in space activities. In scientific work the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, verification, deduction, modeling, etc. The algorithm for learning neural networks and a scheme for the principles of the development of artificial intelligence were compiled on the basis of the neuron activation functions. The studies of the authors are associated with the development of theoretical and methodological apparatus for the further economic and scientific-technological development of the production and economic system of Russia in the context of the introduction of artificial intelligence in the space industry, including both industrial and engineering parts of work, and theoretical physics.
Closed-cycle economy as a resource-saving model of nature management
Authors: Yakovleva Elena , Titova Elena , Subkhonberdiev Alisher
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the interconnection of production and consumption patterns in the interests of sustainable development and responsible use of resources. In order to achieve sustainable development, many countries are implementing business models of the circular economy. The application of circular economy models in practice directly affects the ecological state of the country. An overview of business models of the closed-cycle economy is given: resource recovery models; closed-cycle supply models; sharing models; product life extension models; product service models. The problem of ecological and economic development of the system in the context of globalisation is topical. The aim of the study is to compare the application of business models of closed-cycle economy by leading countries. The analysis of the international practice of applying closed-type business models has been carried out, which made it possible to group countries according to the same indicators: “flagships of the closed- cycle economy concept”; “rationalizers of the closed-cycle economy concept”; “prospectors of the closed-cycle economy concept”; “reformers of the closed-loop economy concept”; “conservatives of the closed-loop economy concept”. The conclusion is made about the existing links of technological, organizational and social innovations in the system of production and consumption.
Digital banking and environmental impact: How Fintech supports carbon footprint reduction
Authors: Kuosuwan Bavornluck , Risman Asep , Dudukalov Egor , Kozlova Elena
Published: November 2024

This study explores the impact of adoption of digital banking, digital payment volume, and customer awareness of green banking features on environmental sustainability, focusing on carbon footprint reduction in Asia. The findings indicate that digital banking is crucial in minimizing paper usage and reducing energy consumption, significantly lowering the carbon emissions associated with traditional banking operations. The research employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data from 520 respondents, providing a comprehensive view of the direct and indirect relationships between digital banking practices and environmental outcomes. The results demonstrate that increased digital payment volume, combined with higher customer awareness of sustainability, reduces the reliance on paper-based banking and helps achieve broader environmental goals. The study highlights the mediating role of paper usage in lowering carbon footprints and underscores the importance of digital transformation and customer education in driving sustainable banking practices. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions aiming to integrate fintech with sustainability initiatives.
Low-carbon development of the municipal solid waste management industry
Authors: Ivanova Anna , Lopatin Victor
Published: November 2024

The current system of municipal solid waste management causes environmental problems such as air, water and land pollution, the possibility of fires, which leads to public health problems. In this case, the quality of clean steam gases was tested during waste management. The analysis of outcome management technologies shows the most promising projects leading to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, which can be implemented as climate projects and, thus, attract more investment in the development of the industry. An assessment was made of the possibilities of implementing projects in the field of waste management aimed at reducing greenhouse gas in the Voronezh Region.
Decision support in reforestation through the analysis of soil and mycorrhiza data
Authors: Kozlova Anastasia , Ashmarina Tatyana , Kukartsev Vladislav , Yagudaeva Natalya , Biryukova Tatiana
Published: November 2024

This study presents an analysis of key biological and ecological factors affecting the growth and survival of tree seedlings. The dataset used includes information on soil types, levels of mycorrhizal activity, biochemical compound content, light availability, and other environmental parameters. Special attention is given to the relationships between mycorrhizal symbioses (AMF, EMF), plant physiological characteristics, and environmental conditions. Correlation and cluster analysis methods were applied to the data, allowing for the identification of tree groups with similar characteristics and an assessment of the impact of various factors on their survival. The results emphasize the importance of microbial interactions and biochemical indicators, such as phenol and lignin content, in the adaptation of trees to stressful conditions. This data can be used for decision-making in reforestation, including optimizing planting conditions and selecting the most resilient tree species. The study also highlights the importance of managing the soil microbiome to enhance the effectiveness of forest ecosystem restoration.
The role of environmental policy in promoting green transportation technologies
Authors: Suthakavatin Siphimvadee , Shatila Khodor , Aydinyan Karine , Santy Raeni Dwi
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of environmental policy in promoting the adoption of green transportation technologies, focusing on the effects of financial incentives, regulatory frameworks, and public investment in infrastructure across key Asian urban centres. The research highlights how technological innovation acts as a crucial mediator between policy measures and the adoption of sustainable transportation options such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen-powered vehicles. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the study examines the relationships between these factors, demonstrating that higher levels of financial incentives, supportive regulations, and strategic public investment lead to significant advancements in technological innovation, which in turn drives the adoption of green transportation technologies. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of sustainable urban mobility solutions and offer important insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders in regions experiencing rapid urbanization. The study also discusses the dual role of these policy drivers, both in directly influencing adoption and in fostering technological advancement.
Dairy productivity of Holstein cattle with different genotypes of the β-lactoglobulin gene (BLG)
Authors: Safina Natalia , Shakirov Shamil , Gaynutdinova Elza , Mukhanina Ekaterina , Krupin Evgeny , Akhmetov Tahir , Fattakhova Zilya , Zagidullin Lenar , Chevtaeva Natalia , Shayakhmetova Lilia
Published: November 2024

The article covers the study of the effect of β-lactoglobulin gene polymorphism on daity productivity, qualitative composition of milk and lactation activity of Holstein cows. The work was carried out on 146 animals in the Lenin Breeding Farm Integrated Agricultural Production Center (IAPC) of the Republic of Tatarstan. DNA genotyping by the locus of the Bos taurus BLG-Hae III gene was performed by PCR-RFLP. As a result of genetic typing of cattle, 2 alleles (A – 0.651 and B – 0.349) and 3 genotypes (AA – 41.1, AB – 47.9 and BB – 11.0 %) were identified. The chi-square criterion is below the critical value (5.99; p < 0.05) and testifies that the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium is not disturbed in the population. The evaluation of dairy productivity traits showed that cows with the AB genotype have the highest milk yield and high-quality milk. The heifers with the AB genotype are characterized by the best lactation curve throughout lactation. The difference in the amount of milk received between cows with the AB genotype and animals with the AA and BB genotypes is 71.6 kg (or 9.3 %) and 95.7 kg (or 16.9 %), respectively. Cows with low milk yields (genotype AA) had the lowest lactation decline (4.34) and greater stability (99.9).
The use of hydroponic green forages in increasing milk productivity and improving reproductive ability of Holstein cows
Authors: Egamberdieva Zebo , Kurbanova Shahnoza , Sadikova Chinara , Akhtamova Munira , Davron Ibragimov
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the effect of including hydroponic green fodder (HGF) in the diet of dairy cows on milk productivity and reproductive ability in cows under farm conditions. For dairy cows in the control group, a balanced feeding ration was prepared, taking into account live weight and milk productivity. Three experimental groups were formed, in the diet of which concentrated forages were replaced by HGF 25, 35, and 45% by nutrient content, respectively. The positive influence of GZK on milk productivity was revealed: milk yield of cows increased by 5.6–13.2 percent, and milk fat yield increased by 5.9–12.9% in comparison with the control group. It has been established that the introduction of HGF into the diet of cows improves the qualitative composition of milk and contributes to the increase of milk solids without reducing their physical properties. The reproductive ability of cows was studied when using HGF, and a positive effect was established. It is revealed that the experimental cows had optimal terms for service period and intercalf period, which contributed to obtaining one calf per year. The best indicators of milk productivity and reproductive ability were observed in cows of the II experimental group, which allows recommending the replacement of concentrated fodder in the amount of 35% in nutritional value for HGF in the diet of dairy cows.
Harmful effects of fluorine compounds on agricultural crops
Authors: Samatov Ilhom , Umirov Javokhir , Akhmedov Khasan , Narboyev Zafar
Published: November 2024

Environmental problems such as environmental changes, soil, water and atmospheric air pollution and depletion of biological resources are observed in the world as a result of economic and technical development of countries, growth of production rate, population growth. In particular, as a result of the increase of industrial waste, its negative impact on atmospheric air pollution, the amount of CO2, N2O, CH4 gases and fluorine compounds in the biosphere is increasing year by year. The abundance of fluorine compounds in agricultural products leads to a decrease in the quality of products. The obtained results revealed that trees such as quince, vine, peach, apricot have a high degree of drying from the edges of the leaves compared to the control.
Technological properties and safety indicators of local wheat varieties
Authors: Rajabov Alisherjon , Abdurakhmanov Obidjon
Published: November 2024

In the article, using source of the world collection of onion, promising productive lines were selected and valuable economic characteristics were studied. In the process of studying the selected lines and conducting scientific research, the variety named “Gulkhan” was created, and the valuable economic characteristics of the new variety were highlighted.
The influence of warranty and deformation of the saw blade on the wear of grids in gin machines
Authors: Safarov Askar , Toshmatova Sokhiba , Ismoilov Khurshid , Narmatov Elmurod
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the problem of grate wear in saw blades, caused by uneven contact with the saw blade due to its warping and deformation under load. The results of a theoretical analysis of the forces acting on cotton fiber with a non-central position of the saw blade relative to the inter-grid gap are presented. The dependence of the fiber tension on the grip angle of the grate, which is directly related to the wear of the grate and the displacement of the saw blade, is substantiated. The war page of the saw blade, reaching 0.95 mm, and its deformation under the influence of a load from 0.81 to 0.92 mm with a force of 10 N were experimentally determined. It was established that, due to the uneven rigidity of the deformed disk, variable lateral forces act on the grate in the range 10.8-12.3 N per 1 mm of deformation. The identified factors of warping and deformation of the saw blade are the causes of uneven wear of the grates, which negatively affects the quality of ginning raw cotton. The results of the study are important for improving the design of saw gins.
Histological characteristics of the myocardium of broilers with the use of Nucleostim
Authors: Gatiyatullin Ildar , Bazekin George , Dolinin Ilgiz , Skovorodin Evgeniy
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of research on the use of the biological stimulator Nucleostim in the cultivation of broiler chickens of the ROSS-308 cross. Special attention is paid to the morphological characteristics of the myocardium of broiler chickens, as well as the effect of the biostimulator Nucleostim on the myocardium at the tissue and cellular levels. Histological studies have shown that the biological stimulator Nucleostim optimizes the structure of the myocardium, prevents the development of disorders of cellular metabolic mechanisms in the organ, leading to the development of structural changes.
Socio-economic environment of Nanai and Udege people living (Russian Far East)
Authors: Sukhoveeva A. B. , Mishina N. V.
Published: November 2024

The problem of settling and preserving the population is one of the most important for the eastern regions of Russia. All regions of the Far East are characterized by various natural and socio-economic factors and different population sizes. These regions differ significantly in their ability to provide favorable living conditions. The goal is to study the features of the socio-economic environment of three municipal districts in which the significant part of the indigenous aboriginal peoples of the Udege and Nanai live. These are the Nanai and Lazo districts of the Khabarovsky Krai, and the Pozharsky district of the Primorsky Krai. It was revealed that natural movement dynamics of population in the districts differs slightly from each other. It is shown that named municipal districts have significant differences in settlements characteristics, standards of population living and socio-economic development of the territory. The Lazo district has the worst position in population dynamics. The Pozharsky district has the most favorable geographical position among three studying districts. It is located in the center of the most developed part of the Far East, has relatively diversified complex of industries «reinforced» by transport and logistics communications. This contributes to greater development of the district and the quality of life of the population. The Nanai district of Khabarovsky krai has a large number of social infrastructure institutions. Ethnic self- awareness and traditional nature management of the Nanai people are supported and developed with an emphasis on river fishing.
Inoculation of seed with strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (exampled by oats and millet)
Authors: Osipova Valentina , Platonova Agafya , Khiterkheeva Nadezhda , Drincha Vasily , Dondokov Yuri , Nikolaeva Fevronya , Matveev Ivan , Druzyanova Varvara
Published: November 2024

As a result of the conducted researches the expediency and effectiveness of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds of field crops with strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria has been proved, which allows to increase fodder productivity of oat and pearl millet crops up to 36,8 and 18,8 %, respectively. The process of ammoniation and mineralization of organic substances is accelerated. Application of biological preparations such as Sahabaktisubtil and Mamontenok stimulates the activity of microorganisms using mineral nitrogen and accelerates the process of mineralization of organic substances in the soil.Application of mobile inoculator provides an increase in the quality of pre-sowing seed treatment in field conditions due to uniformity of seed treatment with the preparation in the form of “aerosol mist” formed by a vibrating centrifugal disc. Thus, the completeness and uniformity of treatment reaches 90% (compared to 65-75% for analogues), the speed of treatment at the same time increases.
Approximation of feedback gains for abstract parabolic systems
Authors: Badra Mehdi , Raymond Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2024

We consider parabolic controlled systems represented by a pair $(A,B)$, where $(A,{\mathcal D}(A))$ is the infinitesimal generator of ananalytic semigroup on a Hilbert space $Z$ and $B$ is an unbounded control operator from a control space $U$ into $Z$. We consider approximate controlled systems $(A_\varepsilon,B_\varepsilon)$, for $\varepsilon>0$, where $(A_\varepsilon,{\mathcal D}(A_\varepsilon))$ is the infinitesimal generator of an

analytic semigroup on a Hilbert space $Z_\varepsilon$ and $B_\varepsilon$ is an unbounded control operator from the control space $U$ into $Z_\varepsilon$. Since $Z_\varepsilon$ is not included in $Z$, we are in the case of nonconforming approximations. We assume that both $Z$ and $Z_\varepsilon$ are Hilbert subspaces of another Hilbert space $H$, and that there exist projectors $P\in {\cal L}(H)$ and $P_\varepsilon\in {\cal L}(H)$ such that $Z=PH$ and $Z_\varepsilon=P_\varepsilon H$, and for which

$(A,B,P)$ and $(A_\varepsilon,B_\varepsilon, P_\varepsilon)$ satisfy suitable approximation assumptions.

 

When the pair $(A,B)$ is exponentially feedback stabilizable in $Z$, we first prove that the pair $(A_\varepsilon,B_\varepsilon)$ is exponentially feedback stabilizable in $Z_\varepsilon$, uniformly with respect to $\varepsilon\in (0,\varepsilon_0)$, for some $\varepsilon_0>0$. We next prove that Riccati-based feedback laws stabilizing $(A,B)$ in $Z$ can be approximated by feedback laws stabilizing $(A_\varepsilon,B_\varepsilon)$ in $Z_\varepsilon$.
Generation of particle self-shielded neutron cross-sections for the Monte-Carlo code TRIPOLI-4®
Authors: Noguere Gilles , Leconte Pierre , Bernard David , Pottier Mathilde , Paradela Carlos , Kopecky Stefan , Schillebeeckx Peter
Published: November 2024

Self-shielding effects of micrometric particles randomly distributed in nuclear materials were the subject of extensive studies. These effects are known as a double-heterogeneity problem due to “microscopic” heterogeneities, involving the decrease of the neutron flux inside the particles, and “macroscopic” heterogeneities, affecting the neutron flux distribution over the entire volume containing those particles. The present study aims to take advantage of the capabilities of the GELINA facility (JRC-Geel, Belgium) in terms of non-destructive analysis of materials to validate experimentally any models developed to solve the double heterogeneity problem. In order to complement past experiments carried out at the GELINA facility, new transmission experiments were carried out on long cylindrical samples containing microspheres of Gd2O3 with diameters of 195 and 380 μm dispersed in UO2 pellets. The analysis of the experimental transmission spectra with the resonance shape analysis code REFIT and Monte-Carlo neutron transport code TRIPOLI-4® demonstrates that the particle self-shielding model proposed by Doub can reproduce the huge attenuation of the neutron absorption in the Gd resonances by reducing significantly the computational cost of Monte-Carlo simulations.
Analysis of transport costs structures of solar modules: international versus domestic scenarios
Authors: Mittag Max , Straube Tim , Reichel Christian
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the cost structure associated with transporting photovoltaic (PV) modules, comparing scenarios of international transport from China to Germany, a European manufacturing, and domestic transport within Germany. Utilizing a geometric model to calculate container utilization and transport logistics, we analyze the impact of module design, efficiency, and transportation routes on overall costs. The transport cost model considers module dimensions, container specifications, loading limits, transport modes, costs, packaging materials, and pallet prices. We apply this model to various module types, including M10, G12, and M10R wafer-based cells. Transport costs from China to Germany make up a significant part of the total PV module cost (14.7%–15.8%). In contrast, for German module manufacturing, the transport cost share is well below 2% and European manufacturing adds less than 3%. Transport costs have shown high volatility in the recent decade, and container prices are currently higher than prior to the Corona crisis. Disruptions in global logistics chains − such as shipping route blockages or spikes in container prices − can significantly impact cost structures. Transport costs for PV modules have quadrupled during Corona. We estimate that a transport cost share of ∼10% will remain relevant for the future. Higher module efficiencies lower specific transport costs (€/Wp). An increase of 1%abs leads to a transport cost reduction of 4.2%rel. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that transport costs can account for up to 43% of the final module price in scenarios of low factory-gate module price and high shipping container costs. This study highlights the need to include transport logistics in PV module design and sourcing decisions. We recommend future LCOE assessments for solar projects include detailed transport cost evaluations for decision-making.
Ces parcs qui échouent : logiques territoriales et effets de contexte négatifs face au modèle des parcs naturels régionaux
Authors: Préault Marine , Depraz Samuel
Published: November 2024

Avec 58 parcs existants en 2023, le rythme de création des parcs naturels régionaux (PNR) reste soutenu en France depuis le lancement de cette mesure d’aménagement du territoire en 1967. Le succès ancien d’une telle politique publique ne doit pourtant pas cacher des situations de stagnation, voire d’échecs récents de projets de parcs. En se focalisant plus particulièrement sur le cas du projet avorté de PNR de la Dombes (Ain), cet article vise ainsi à faire la lumière sur les motifs qui freinent la création des PNR afin de voir s’il s’agit là d’éléments conjoncturels, propres à un lieu et à une configuration d’acteurs précise, ou bien si cela peut constituer le signal d’un ralentissement récent du modèle, malgré l’impératif environnemental contemporain, du fait d’un processus à la complexité administrative croissante ainsi que d’une injonction globale à la réduction de la dépense publique.
Was will die MFA?
Authors: Scheerbaum Petra , Scheerbaum Martin , Schöffski Oliver
Published: November 2024

Zielsetzung Obwohl in Deutschland jede sechste Berufsanfängerin eines Ausbildungsberufes die Anstellung als Medizinische Fachangestellte (MFA) verfolgt, existieren bislang keine hinreichenden Daten zu ihren Wünschen. Dies möchten wir mit unserer Untersuchung ändern.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer regionalen digitalen Umfrage wurden MFA in den ambulanten Praxen in Mittelfranken und Oberfranken zu ihren Wünschen und Präferenzen im Berufsalltag befragt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt sind die MFA mit ihrem Arbeitsplatz und mit dem Umgang mit Patienten sehr zufrieden. Eine geringere Zustimmung bekamen die Bereiche Kommunikation im Team, das Führungsverhalten sowie die Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Praxisinhaber sollten mehr Kommunikation mit ihren MFA betreiben. Dabei sollten Entscheidungen sowie Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten transparent besprochen werden.
Political Patronage and the Labour Market Experience of High-Skilled Workers: Mixed Methods Evidence from Sierra Leone
Authors: Harris Jamelia
Published: November 2024

This paper explores how political patronage can affect the labour market experience of high-skilled workers, and how jobseekers respond in such instances. A budding, primarily quantitative, literature has assessed corruption and labour market outcomes, but little has been written on how agents navigate corrupt practices and political patronage in the labour market. A mixed methods design is used, drawing on survey and focus group data from Sierra Leone. Findings show that when recruitment decisions are influenced by political connections ahead of merit, there is wide perceptions of unfairness in the labour market. Political patronage and corrupt practices in the labour market affect the allocation of jobs, how long it takes for some jobseekers to find jobs, and the quality of the match. Jobseekers respond to such practices by reducing job search and/or limiting search to particular sectors and jobs. In Sierra Leone, this primarily emerges as the development sector.
LIBC: a low-cost lightweight block cipher for IoT application
Authors: Yan Qingwen , Guo Ying , Liu Wenfen , Chen Wen , Lu Yongcan
Published: November 2024

With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), designing lightweight block ciphers has become essential for securing resource-constrained devices. This necessitates a balance among low-cost implementation, diffusion, and security. To address this challenge, we propose a novel lightweight block cipher named LIBC, which has a 64-bit block size supporting 128-bit keys. In the nonlinear layer, we develop a four-round structure to design optimal 4-bit S-boxes, generating 8,832 S-boxes that provide excellent security and compact hardware overhead. To balance diffusion with resource efficiency, we use a 4 × 4 almost MDS matrix and introduce a type of optimal involutive nibble-based permutations based on SAT. This ensures that LIBC achieves full diffusion within the minimal rounds while providing the required security. Combining the above design, LIBC's encryption and decryption circuits become nearly identical, requiring only 24 additional XOR gates for decryption. Experimental results show that LIBC exhibits strong diffusion and avalanche characteristics, providing sufficient security against various known attacks. Regarding hardware performance, the single-round iteration of the internal state in LIBC occupies only 10.05 GE per bit, which is superior compared to the round-based implementations of Midori, PRESENT, RECTANGLE, etc.
Surface morphological studies on hot corrosion behaviour of pre-oxidized plasma sprayed WC-CoCr coating on AISI316L steel in Na2SO4/NaCl molten salt environment
Authors: Alam Md Sarfaraz , Das Anil Kumar
Published: November 2024

The hot corrosion behaviour of plasma sprayed WC-CoCr coatings on AISI 316 L steel substrate is studied in two corrosive salt environments namely 100% Na2SO4 and 75% Na2SO4+25%NaCl at 1000 °C. Also, on WC-CoCr coated AISI 316L steel substrate, a persistent Cr2O3 barrier scale is created employing pre-oxidation at 1200 °C for ten hours with the expectation that it would withstand hot corrosion in a Na2SO4 salt environment at 900 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron micro probe analysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are performed on samples to examine the pre oxidation and hot corrosion characteristics of plasma sprayed WC-CoCr coatings at elevated temperatures. The findings indicate that the presence of both salt environment affects the degradation process of WC-CoCr coatings. The coatings in 100% Na2SO4 and the mixture of 75% Na2SO4+25%NaCl has a weight change of 0.14 mg cm−2 and 0.33 mg cm−2, respectively, after hot corrosion at 1000 °C for 50 cycles. Each cycle includes 1 h heating in furnace and 20 min cooling in ambient air. Corrosion kinetics using thermogravimetric method showed that non-pre-oxidized samples gained 52.5% more weight and more severely affected by hot corrosion than pre-oxidized ones. During hot corrosion after 2 h, there was relatively negligible corrosion, but after 4 and 8 h, deposits of Na2WO4, WO3, Cr2O3 and CoSO4 were produced. Oxides were primarily composed of Cr2O3 and WO3. Cr2O3 and WO3 acted as barriers to the penetration and diffusion of corrosive elements through coatings, which contributed to the hot corrosion resistance in the corrosive area. The hot corrosion deterioration of WC-CoCr coatings may be effectively reduced by introducing pre oxidation. Slower reaction rate of pre oxidized Cr2O3 scale may operate as a barrier which separates hot corrosion by Na2SO4 salt.
Machine learning assisted controller design for voltage regulation in a more electric aircraft power system
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Arif , Li Wang , Gu Jason , Asmat Zeeshan , Khan Ajmal , Qureshi Khurram Karim , Iqbal Naveed , Farooq Umar , Asad Muhammad Usman
Published: November 2024

Three-stage synchronous generators (TSSG) are used in a more electric aircraft (MEA) to power various parts of the aircraft, such as environmental, hydraulic, avionics, and mechanical systems. However, regulating the voltage output of TSSGs in the presence of speed and load variations presents a significant challenge due to the dynamic couplings inherent in the system. In this work, a machine learning-assisted controller (MLAC) is designed to regulate the output voltage of the TSSG system at variable speeds. Moreover, data-driven techniques are employed for the training, testing, and deployment of the proposed MLAC controller. Furthermore, variants of meta-heuristics algorithms are investigated to fine-tune the response of the proposed controller through the selection of optimal hidden and output layer weights. Additionally, the transparency of the proposed controller is addressed and the optimized weights are auto-tuned with the assistance of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The resultant intelligent controller is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment on a nonlinear model of the three-stage generator. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach in controlling the output voltage of the TSSG system are confirmed through comprehensive results analysis.