bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catégorie constitutive et catégorie réflexive chez Emil Lask. Un formalisme À l’orée de la phénoménologie
Authors: Gauvry Charlotte
Published: August 2017

Cet article examine la doctrine des catégories développée par Emil Lask (1875-1915) au début du xx e  siècle (1911). Son objectif est double. 1) Nous entendons proposer une étude historique précise de cette doctrine relativement méconnue qui présente une synthèse inédite entre l’objectivisme sémantique de Bolzano, la théorie des valeurs de l’école de Bade et le formalisme husserlien, dans le contexte de l’héritage de la révolution copernicienne kantienne. Nous montrons que cette doctrine présente un caractère radical en ceci qu’elle considère que la philosophie est eo ipso une doctrine des catégories. 2) Le deuxième objectif de cette étude, plus critique, est d’évaluer la pertinence de la lecture herméneutique, d’inspiration heideggérienne, qui en est souvent proposée. S’il est indéniable que la doctrine de Lask exerça une réelle influence sur la phénoménologie herméneutique du jeune Heidegger, nous entendons également montrer que les intuitions originales de Lask sur la résistance du matériau sont irréconciliables avec toute forme d’herméneutique.
Le catégoriel chez Emil Lask et Clarence Irving Lewis : un essai de comparaison
Authors: Ehrsam Raphaël
Published: August 2017

Nous proposons de mener dans cet article un essai de comparaison des théories des catégories d’E. Lask et de C. I. Lewis. Nous mettrons en avant trois thèses kantiennes, qui sont autant de lieux de rencontre entre ces penseurs, et dessinent la structure topique de la théorie des catégories au début du xx e   siècle. Selon ces thèses : (1) il ne saurait y avoir de connaissance ou d’objectivité sans que l’on postule l’applicabilité d’une ou de plusieurs catégories ; (2) ce à quoi les catégories sont appliquées possède toujours un certain caractère d’immédiateté ; (3) l’intervention des catégories a pour fonction d’assurer la liaison des contenus immédiats. Dans le même temps, nous verrons que Lask et Lewis font chemin séparé sur des points décisifs, qui signent la divergence irréductible de l’inflexion pragmatiste et de l’inflexion logico-métaphysique apportées à la théorie des catégories par ces deux penseurs.
La critique du modèle perceptif de nos opérations mentales chez Thomas Reid
Authors: Etchegaray Claire
Published: August 2017

Thomas Reid (1710-1796), comme on sait, réfute toute réduction des opérations mentales à la perception de quelque chose de mental (une image ou une idée par exemple). Ainsi il s’oppose au modèle perceptif des opérations mentales. Mais, pour sa part, comment pense-t-il les opérations mentales ? Parce qu’il identifie la conception, que toute opération intellectuelle implique, à l’acte de concevoir, nous pouvons nous demander s’il pense que le pouvoir de l’esprit est celui d’un agent et si, selon lui, les opérations créent l’évidence ou produisent leurs objets. Contre une telle interprétation, cet article établit dans un premier temps en quel sens les opérations mentales peuvent être considérées comme des actions de l’esprit. Dans un second temps, on examine le sens dans lequel elles sont dites avoir un objet . Ces deux points soulignent l’aversion de Reid pour le subjectivisme et expliquent son opposition au modèle perceptif. Le dernier temps de l’article distingue deux cibles : un modèle optique et un modèle tactile (d’où un modèle sentimentaliste fut dérivé). En prêtant attention à leurs motifs scientifiques et philosophiques, Reid se permet d’expliquer leur lien généalogique et de comprendre qu’ils ouvrent la voie à différentes sortes de scepticisme.
Le jugement clinique est un schème. Propositions conceptuelles et perspectives en formation
Authors: Nagels Marc
Published: August 2017

Le jugement clinique est une notion cruciale en vue du développement des sciences infirmières et de la formation aux soins infirmiers. Ses origines théoriques sont multiples et sa définition ne fait pas encore consensus. L’analyse de la littérature scientifique et professionnelle montre des points de vue hétérogènes et dispersés, notamment sur le rôle de l’intuition, sur ses dimensions cognitives et métacognitives, ainsi que sur sa proximité avec d’autres concepts. Entre enjeux professionnels et constructions épistémologiques, le jugement clinique est encore un concept en émergence. Pour dépasser l’obstacle et contribuer à l’effort de théorisation, nous soutiendrons que le jugement clinique doit être analysé comme un schème. Il en présente toutes les caractéristiques : diagnostic et prise d’informations nécessaires au raisonnement, processus d’élaboration de la décision rationnelle, contrôle métacognitif et évaluation de la prise de décision. Des perspectives s’ouvrent alors pour mieux comprendre l’activité infirmière. En conclusion, des recommandations pour développer le jugement clinique en formation seront présentées.
L’estime de soi : analyse de concept
Authors: Doré Christina
Published: August 2017

L’estime de soi est une attitude intérieure à la base de la construction de la personnalité et de l’équilibre psychique en plus d’être tributaire de processus adaptatifs au cours de la vie. Le concept d’estime de soi est couramment utilisé dans plusieurs disciplines cependant, il semble que le consensus sur sa conceptualisation et sur son opérationnalisation ne soit pas encore atteint. Dans cette optique, l’analyse de concept permet d’aborder un phénomène et d’en saisir son utilisation et son évolution selon une perspective disciplinaire unique. Le but de cet article vise donc l’analyse du concept de l’estime de soi selon une perspective infirmière afin d’identifier : les définitions du terme et des termes reliés, les attributs, les cas modèle et limite, proposés ici au sein de la communauté des infirmières œuvrant en santé mentale, les antécédents et les conséquents ainsi que les référents empiriques selon la méthode de Walker et Avant. Les attributs identifiés permettant une compréhension approfondie du concept sont : la valeur accordée à soi-même, l’acceptation de soi, le sentiment de compétence, l’attitude envers soi-même et enfin, le respect de soi.
Panorama des modèles de soins infirmiers utilisés par les chefs de département infirmier dans les hôpitaux belges francophones et bilingues
Authors: Lecocq Dan , Lefebvre Hélène , Bachelet Lucie , Berrabah Ouassinia , Dyikpanu David , Martin Daniel , Siddu Damien , Mengal Yves , Pirson Magali
Published: August 2017

La mobilisation d’une conception infirmière dans le champ de la gestion par les cadres infirmiers présente des bénéfices directs et indirects pour le patient comme pour les professionnels. Selon le modèle de soins infirmiers (MSI) retenu, les concepts de personne, de santé, de soins et d’environnement sont très variables et teintent la pratique différemment. Nous avons cherché à savoir si les chefs de département infirmier (CDI) hospitaliers des hôpitaux belges francophones et bilingues intègrent une conception infirmière dans la politique de leur département. Nous avons opté pour une recherche quantitative à visée descriptive et corrélationnelle à laquelle 97,5 % des CDI (78/80) ont participé. Il ressort qu’un modèle de soins infirmiers sous-tend l’action du département infirmier dans seulement 38 % des cas (30/78). Là où un MSI est utilisé, il est généralement communiqué explicitement au personnel (26/30). Parmi les modèles utilisés, celui de Virginia Henderson domine (26/30). L’ancienneté du CDI dans sa fonction ainsi que des variables liées au parcours d’enseignement et au milieu clinique semblent influencer les résultats. Les modèles relevant du paradigme de la transformation restent rares. Il convient à présent de poursuivre les recherches en vue de comprendre l’expérience des chefs de département infirmier par rapport aux modèles de soins infirmiers.
La pédagogie narrative en sciences infirmières : activités éducatives et défis
Authors: Bélanger Louise , Porlier Marie-Josée
Published: August 2017

Les approches éducatives où les participants sont actifs s’avèrent efficaces pour modifier des comportements et encourager le développement continu des savoirs infirmiers et, à cet égard, la pédagogie narrative apparaît utile pour soutenir la formation infirmière. Dans le présent article, la pédagogie narrative est décrite à travers des activités éducatives réalisées en classe, en stage et en formation continue. Les défis associés à la mise en place de ces activités et les moyens permettant d’y faire face sont également abordés. Ne pas prédéterminer à l’avance l’ensemble du contenu à transmettre, préciser que l’on ne connaît pas tout le contenu qui sera discuté, que des recherches supplémentaires pourraient être requises et que différentes options sont à explorer et laisser les étudiantes s’exprimer et tolérer les silences, sont quelques-uns des moyens qui permettent de relever les défis associés à l’application de la pédagogie narrative. Les enseignants actuels et futurs sont encouragés à expérimenter cette approche novatrice de l’enseignement et l’apprentissage qui découle de recherches phénoménologiques en sciences infirmières et présente un potentiel intéressant pour le développement de cette discipline.
La collaboration interprofessionnelle lors de la prise en charge d’un polytraumatisé aux urgences : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Lapierre Alexandra , Gauvin-Lepage Jérôme , Lefebvre Hélène
Published: August 2017

Introduction : la collaboration interprofessionnelle (CIP) en contexte de traumatologie demeure un défi pour les professionnels de la santé qui doivent réagir avec rapidité et établir des priorités d’intervention selon les standards de pratique en traumatologie. Méthode : une revue de la littérature a été conduite en explorant les banques de données CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science et Pubmed en lien avec la traumatologie et la CIP afin de, principalement, faire l’état des connaissances relatives à la CIP en contexte de traumatologie. Résultats : un nombre significatif de références en lien avec la traumatologie (n=14), la CIP (n=38), puis en lien avec ces deux thématiques (n=15), ont été recensées et analysées. Conclusion : peu d’études se sont intéressées à la CIP en contexte de traumatologie. Les auteurs l’ayant fait semblent porter une attention particulière au rôle du team leader et à la compétence du leadership , tandis que d’autres se sont plutôt intéressés à la communication et aux perceptions des rôles des différents professionnels de la santé. En outre, ces écrits démontrent principalement qu’encore beaucoup de lacunes subsistent au sein des équipes interprofessionnelles en traumatologie, telles que la communication, la coordination des soins ainsi que la clarification des rôles.
Les stratégies d’adaptation des patients colostomisés qui vivent une perturbation de l’image de soi après un mois de chirurgie
Authors: Trabelsi Foued , Ben Abeljalil Saber , Derbal Fethi , Bougmiza Iheb
Published: August 2017

Introduction : l’implantation d’une colostomie est une épreuve difficile pour le patient puisqu’il subit des altérations physiques, psychologiques et sociales entraînant la modification de l’image de soi corporel. But et cadre : identifier les stratégies d’adaptation des patients colostomisés qui vivent une perturbation de l’image de soi après un mois de chirurgie, selon le modèle d’adaptation de Callista Roy. Méthode : une étude descriptive quantitative a été réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de 70 patients colostomisés dans les services de chirurgie Farhat Hached et Sahloul de Sousse. Pour recueillir les données, un auto-questionnaire (OAI-23) a été utilisé après une revalidation en arabe. Les statistiques descriptives et les régressions uni et multivariées ont été utilisées pour analyser les données. Résultats : notre étude montre que 85,7 % des participants se sentent être toujours malades, pour cela 57 d’entre eux (81,4 %) ne peuvent pas se remettre du choc d’avoir une stomie, et 82,9 % sont toujours en colère d’avoir une stomie. Discussion : les résultats sont discutés à partir du cadre de référence puis des recommandations ont été formulées et les limites de l’étude présentées. Conclusion : l’amélioration du processus d’adaptation des patients colostomisés devrait être une préoccupation continue de tous les intervenants.
Role of Lymphocyte Subsets in the Immune Response to Primary B Cell–Derived Exosomes
Authors: Saunderson Sarah C. , McLellan Alexander D.
Published: August 2017

Exosomes are lipid nanovesicles released after fusion of the endosomal limiting membrane with the plasma membrane. In this study, we investigated the requirement for CD4 T cells, B cells, and NK cells to provide help for CD8 T cell–mediated response to B cell–derived exosomes. CTL responses to Ag-loaded exosomes were dependent on host MHC class I, with a critical role for splenic langerin+ CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) in exosomal Ag cross-presentation. In addition, there was an absolute dependence on the presence of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and NK cells, where the loss of any one of these subsets led to a complete loss of CTL response. Interestingly, NK cell depletion experiments demonstrated a critical cutoff point for depletion efficacy, with low-level residual NK cells providing sufficient help to allow optimal CD8 T cell proliferative responses to exosomal protein. Despite the potential role for B cells in the response to B cell–derived exosomal proteins, B cell depletion did not alter the exosome-induced CTL response. Similarly, a possible role for the BCR or circulating Ab in mediating CTL responses to B cell–derived exosomes was ruled out using DHLMP2A mice, which lack secreted and membrane-bound Ab, yet harbor marginal zone and follicular B cells. In contrast, CTL responses to DC-derived exosomes were significantly inhibited within Ab-deficient DHLMP2A mice compared with wild-type mice. However, this response was not restored upon serum transfer, implicating a role for the BCR, but not circulating Ab, in DC-derived exosome responses.
IL-18 Drives ILC3 Proliferation and Promotes IL-22 Production via NF-κB
Authors: Victor Aaron R. , Nalin Ansel P. , Dong Wenjuan , McClory Susan , Wei Min , Mao Charlene , Kladney Raleigh D. , Youssef Youssef , Chan Wing Keung , Briercheck Edward L. , Hughes Tiffany , Scoville Steven D. , Pitarresi Jason R. , Chen Charlie , Manz Sarah , Wu Lai-Chu , Zhang Jianying , Ostrowski Michael C. , Freud Aharon G. , Leone Gustavo W. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua
Published: August 2017

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are important regulators of the immune system, maintaining homeostasis in the presence of commensal bacteria, but activating immune defenses in response to microbial pathogens. ILC3s are a robust source of IL-22, a cytokine critical for stimulating the antimicrobial response. We sought to identify cytokines that can promote proliferation and induce or maintain IL-22 production by ILC3s and determine a molecular mechanism for this process. We identified IL-18 as a cytokine that cooperates with an ILC3 survival factor, IL-15, to induce proliferation of human ILC3s, as well as induce and maintain IL-22 production. To determine a mechanism of action, we examined the NF-κB pathway, which is activated by IL-18 signaling. We found that the NF-κB complex signaling component, p65, binds to the proximal region of the IL22 promoter and promotes transcriptional activity. Finally, we observed that CD11c+ dendritic cells expressing IL-18 are found in close proximity to ILC3s in human tonsils in situ. Therefore, we identify a new mechanism by which human ILC3s proliferate and produce IL-22, and identify NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target to be considered in pathologic states characterized by overproduction of IL-18 and/or IL-22.
A20 Restrains Thymic Regulatory T Cell Development
Authors: Fischer Julius Clemens , Otten Vera , Kober Maike , Drees Christoph , Rosenbaum Marc , Schmickl Martina , Heidegger Simon , Beyaert Rudi , van Loo Geert , Li Xian Chang , Peschel Christian , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Haas Tobias , Spoerl Silvia , Poeck Hendrik
Published: August 2017

Maintaining immune tolerance requires the production of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus. Activation of NF-κB transcription factors is critically required for Treg cell development, partly via initiating Foxp3 expression. NF-κB activation is controlled by a negative feedback regulation through the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, which reduces proinflammatory signaling in myeloid cells and B cells. In naive CD4+ T cells, A20 prevents kinase RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. Using mice deficient for A20 in T lineage cells, we show that thymic and peripheral Treg cell compartments are quantitatively enlarged because of a cell-intrinsic developmental advantage of A20-deficient thymic Treg differentiation. A20-deficient thymic Treg cells exhibit reduced dependence on IL-2 but unchanged rates of proliferation and apoptosis. Activation of the NF-κB transcription factor RelA was enhanced, whereas nuclear translocation of c-Rel was decreased in A20-deficient thymic Treg cells. Furthermore, we found that the increase in Treg cells in T cell–specific A20-deficient mice was already observed in CD4+ single-positive CD25+ GITR+ Foxp3− thymic Treg cell progenitors. Treg cell precursors expressed high levels of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily molecule GITR, whose stimulation is closely linked to thymic Treg cell development. A20-deficient Treg cells efficiently suppressed effector T cell–mediated graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, suggesting normal suppressive function. Holding thymic production of natural Treg cells in check, A20 thus integrates Treg cell activity and increased effector T cell survival into an efficient CD4+ T cell response.
CXCL12–CXCR4 Axis Is Required for Contact-Mediated Human B Lymphoid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Differentiation but Not T Lymphoid Generation
Authors: Minami Hirohito , Nagaharu Keiki , Nakamori Yoshiki , Ohishi Kohshi , Shimojo Naoshi , Kageyama Yuki , Matsumoto Takeshi , Sugimoto Yuka , Tawara Isao , Masuya Masahiro , Miwa Hiroshi , Katayama Naoyuki
Published: August 2017

We investigated the involvement of CXCL12–CXCR4 interactions in human lymphohematopoiesis by coculture with telomerized human stromal cells. CXCR4 expression was low in CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD10−CD7−CD19− immature hematopoietic stem/precursor cells (HSPCs) but higher in CD34+CD38−CD45RA+CD10+CD7+/−CD19− early lymphoid precursors and even higher in CD34+CD38+CD45RA+CD10+CD7−CD19+ pro-B cells. Inhibition of the effect of stromal cell–produced CXCL12 by an anti-CXCR4–blocking Ab suppressed the generation of CD45RA+CD10−CD7+CD19− early T lymphoid precursors (ETPs) and CD45RA+CD10+CD7−CD19+/− B lymphoid precursors on stromal cells, but it did not affect the generation of ETPs in conditioned medium of stromal cell cultures. Replating assays showed that contact with stromal cells was critical for HSPC-derived CD45RA+CD10+CD7−CD19− B lineage–biased precursors to differentiate into CD19+ pro-B cells, which was suppressed by the anti-CXCR4 Ab. Conversely, HSPC-derived ETPs possessed T and B lymphoid and monocytic differentiation potential; stromal cell contact was not required for their growth but rather promoted B lymphoid differentiation. The anti-CXCR4 Ab did not affect the growth of ETPs in conditioned medium, but it suppressed their B lymphoid differentiation on stromal cells. CD14−CD11c−HLA-DR+CD123highCD303+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells developed from HSPCs and ETPs exclusively in contact with stromal cells, which was suppressed by the anti-CXCR4 Ab. These data indicate that CXCL12 plays an essential role in stromal cell contact–mediated B lymphoid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation from immature hematopoietic and early T lymphoid precursors with a multilineage differentiation potential, but it does not participate in contact-independent generation of early T lymphoid precursors.
POEMS SYNDROME: AN UPDATE
Authors: Nozza Andrea
Published: August 2017

POEMS syndrome is a rare, chronic and disabling condition. The causes of this condition remain unknown; however, chronic overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines appears to be a major contributor. Early diagnosis is essential to start treatment before the clinical condition of the patient becomes compromised.A complete evaluation of the disease at its onset is essential for treatment decision. In localized disease, curative doses of radiation (50 Gy) is the recommended therapy. On the other hand, patients with disseminated disease should be given systemic therapy. Treatment-related morbidity can be minimized by an effective induction therapy that modifies the cytokine status, improving clinical condition and control disease severity before mobilization and transplantation. Patients not suitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are usually treated with alkylator-based therapy. Novel agents may also offer benefits to patients with a poor performance status or renal dysfunction, and induce transplantation eligibility. Given the biological characteristics of POEMS, immunomodulatory effects and the absence of neurotoxicity, lenalidomide appears to be an effective therapy for the treatment of POEMS, both as short induction therapy before PBSCT and in non-transplant eligible patients, as it showed high response rate and long lasting responses.At present, however, guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of POEMS are not available and appear advocated. Keywords: POEMS, plasma cell dyscrasia; Osteosclerosis; neuropathy
Hairy B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder and its differential diagnosis: a case with long-term follow-up
Authors: Matsuda Kensuke , Matsumoto Yosuke , Yoshida Mihiko , Shimura Kazuho , Kaneko Hiroto , Inaba Tohru , Horiike Shigeo , Kuroda Junya , Taniwaki Masafumi
Published: August 2017

Hairy B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (HBLD) is one of chronic polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. We report a 47-year-old female Japanese patient diagnosed as having HBLD based on lymphocytosis with hairy cell appearance and characteristic phenotypes including CD11c+, and without B-cell monoclonalities. She was a non-smoker, and possessed HLA-DR4. She has been closely followed up without treatment and lymphoma development for over five years. Although this disease is quite rare and has been reported, to our knowledge, in only 13 Japanese cases, an accurate diagnosis, particularly differential diagnosis from persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis or hairy cell leukemia-Japanese variant is essential for the prevention of unnecessary treatments.
Should every patient with MDS get iron chelation – probably yes.
Authors: Ghosh Kanjaksha , Angelucci Emanuele , Pilo Federica , Ghosh Kinjalka
Published: August 2017

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Mediating Test Anxiety through the Testing Effect in Asynchronous, Objective, Online Assessments at the University Level
Authors: Sullivan Daniel
Published: August 2017

Do asynchronous online evaluations, designed and delivered to engage the testing effect, moderate test anxiety? To answer this question, we surveyed 353 undergraduate and graduate students, drawn from 12 courses, hybrid and online, asking whether the option to take and retake a quiz lessened their text anxiety. Students, no matter the course or level, indicate yes, with more than 90% of the sample agreeing that the option to retake a quiz reduced test anxiety. We also consider this result with regards to the issues of metacognitive accuracy, student engagement, and learning effectiveness. Nearly 95% saw the “anytime, anyplace” test-retest option increasing understanding, improving class engagement, and supporting a more effective learning experience. Our findings profile a promising path to reset traditional as well as refine online evaluation pedagogies.
Qualities and Attributes of Successful Veterinary School Applicants
Authors: McBride Stephen , Walker Danny , Roberts Jason , Mehlhorn Joey
Published: August 2017

This study was conducted from the fall of 2014 until the fall of 2016 with the purpose of exploring the common traits found in successful applicants to veterinary school. The study sought to answer the research question, “What should a student who wishes to become a veterinarian focus on and engage in today to ensure they are on a pathway to success in this profession?” A survey was distributed to students in pre-veterinary classes at the University of Tennessee at Martin to gather data with the intention of determining common traits of certain variables. The categories in the survey were general information, career goals, expectations, and academic or personal skills. Once the surveys were returned, data was calculated in Microsoft Excel and compared with similar statistics in the veterinary field. Results showed that 84.5% of the students intend to apply to veterinary school. Additionally, 59.2% either grew up on a farm or have worked on a farm before and 64.1% had work experience at a veterinary clinic. When considering involvement in a youth leadership organization, 79.6% indicated that they were a part of at least one at some point prior to their completion of the survey. Eighty percent of veterinary schools indicate they place a stronger emphasis on experience over strictly academic performance. Therefore, future applicants should compare their qualities with what veterinary school committees look for in candidates to determine whether they are on a pathway toward success in this field of study.
Internationalization Preparation of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Medan
Authors: Muchtar Yasmin Chairunisa , Qamariah Inneke
Published: August 2017

The aim of this research is to analyze the key success factors in promoting the internationalization preparation of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the restraining factors for SME in internationalization preparation of SMEs. This study uses qualitative research method. Primary Data for qualitative is collected through depth interview on important actors as informants, consist of the five representatives as the adaption of Penta-Helix Model. Supporting factors for internationalization preparation are product uniqueness and high international demand of product. While, the barrier factors are insufficient business network and high competition from other countries. The most suitable recommendation for business owner of SMEs is by optimizing the innovation through local values to produce unique product which can compete with other countries. Moreover, the other recommendation is by establishing a wider and stronger business network in order to address the international demand.
Is the Club Convergence Hypothesis Validy for Turkey Tourism Market
Authors: Kaplan Fatih , Öztürk Erdoğan , Güngör Şule
Published: August 2017

This study empirically revisits and investigates the tourism convergence via using the convergence club algorithm developed by Phillips and Sul (2007: Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests. Econometrica.75, 1771–1855). Abbott, De Vita and Altinay (2012: Revisiting The Convergence Hypothesis For Tourism Markets: Evidence From Turkey Using The Pairwise Approach. Tourism Management, 33, 537-544.) not to support club convergence hypothesis valid for Turkey tourism market. Yilanci and Eris (2012: Are tourism markets of Turkey converging or not? A Fourier stationary analysis. Anatolia, 23, 207-216) and, Ozcan and Erdogan (2015: Are Turkey's tourism markets converging? Evidence from the two-step LM and three-step RALS-LM unit root. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-18) support convergence hypothesis valid for some Turkey tourism market among countries. Therefore, unlike the findings of previously studies, we submit a club convergence for Turkey.
Economic and Institutional Determinants of FDI in the Chilean Case: An Empirical Analysis, 1960-2014
Authors: Ramirez Miguel D.
Published: August 2017

This paper examines some of the major economic and institutional factors underlying the surge in foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to Chile during the more recent 1990-2014 period. It reports econometric results which suggest that standard economic variables and major changes in the institutional-legal status of foreign capital are, in large measure, responsible for the rapid increase in net FDI inflows to leading sectors of the Chilean economy. Cointegration analysis and error-correction modeling suggest that market size, the real exchange rate, the debt-service ratio, education, physical infrastructure, and the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index are economically significant in explaining the variation in net FDI inflows to the country. Dummy variables, designed to capture qualitative factors such as the impact of economic crises and institutional reforms, are also included and they have their anticipated signs and are statistically significant. The paper also addresses the long-term negative effects of rapidly growing profit and dividend remittances on the financing of capital formation and the Chilean balance of payments in recent years.
The Threats of Unsystematic Risks in Jordanian Commercial Banking Sector
Authors: Al-Eitan Ghaith N. , Yamin Ismail Y.
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study is to empirically examine the effect of unsystematic risks on the performance of commercial banks in Jordan, using panel data for the period of 10 years (2005-2015). The study uses earning per share and dividends as dependent variables to represent Banks’ performance. The empirical analysis based on the fixed effect model selected on the basis of Hausman test. The results indicate that the impact of Non-performing loans on commercial banks’ dividends is positive and significant while the impact of capital adequacy is negative and statistically significant on dividends. The results indicate that the credit risk, liquidity risk, non-performing loan and capital adequacy have significant effect on earnings per share and the effects are negative as expected. Based on the study it is recommended that the Jordanian commercial banks needs enhance the process of credit risk management to determine loan defaulter and impose the appropriate legal action against them.
Nexuses between Economic Factors and Stock Returns in China
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Teng Jian-Zhou , Parvaiz Javed , Chaudhary Sunil Kumar
Published: August 2017

Economist and stock managers always focus on stock market return. This study investigated short and long run relationship between economic factors and stock returns in China by applying ARDL approach from 01/2000 to 12/2016. Estimated results of bound test for co-integration shows that long run relationships exist among the variables except inflation rate. Results of short and long run ARDL demonstrate that exchange rate and inflation rate have positive effect on stock returns in China while interest rate have negative effect on stock returns. Results indicate that stock returns in China are very sensitive and can be affected positively or negatively with increase and decrease in economic factors. Both local and regional factors in China can directly and indirectly explain Shanghai Stock Exchange stock returns.
Regulation of rice root development by a retrotransposon acting as a microRNA sponge
Authors: Cho Jungnam , Paszkowski Jerzy
Published: August 2017

It is well documented that transposable elements (TEs) can regulate the expression of neighbouring genes. However, their ability to act in trans and influence ectopic loci has been reported rarely. We searched in rice transcriptomes for tissue-specific expression of TEs and found them to be regulated developmentally. They often shared sequence homology with co-expressed genes and contained potential microRNA-binding sites, which suggested possible contributions to gene regulation. In fact, we have identified a retrotransposon that is highly transcribed in roots and whose spliced transcript constitutes a target mimic for miR171. miR171 destabilizes mRNAs encoding the root-specific family of SCARECROW-Like transcription factors. We demonstrate that retrotransposon-derived transcripts act as decoys for miR171, triggering its degradation and thus results in the root-specific accumulation of SCARECROW-Like mRNAs. Such transposon-mediated post-transcriptional control of miR171 levels is conserved in diverse rice species.
Boosting Efficiency to 22.73%: Unraveling the Role of Solvent Environment in Low‐Dimensional Perovskites Through Competitive Bonding Interactions
Authors: Xu Kaiqin , Xing Zhi , Li Dengxue , Du Canqiang , Gao Yang , Hu Xiaotian , Hu Ting , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2024

It is reported that the solvent environment exerts a significant influence on the property of perovskite precursor solution and resultant film, which is more pronounced in more complex low‐dimensional perovskites. Four solvent additives with varying basicity are introduced to instigate a tug‐of‐war among bonding interactions, thereby exploring the systematic effect of the solvent environment on the growth of quantum wells and the photoelectric properties of the resultant low‐dimensional perovskite films. A governing principle that diverges significantly from those previously documented for three‐dimensional perovskites is elucidated in low‐dimensional perovskites. When coordination interactions predominate in the solvent environment, the emergence of a two‐dimensional GA2PbI4 transitional phase is fostered to facilitate subsequent transformation into the desirable ACI phase, and the perovskite crystallization kinetics is retarded to improve the film quality. Hence, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.73% is obtained for GA(MA)nPbnI3n+1 (n = 5) based solar cells with a p‐i‐n structure. The PCE achieved in this work is a record among the reported low‐dimensional perovskite solar cells.
Electrode Droplet Microarray (eDMA): An Impedance Platform for Label‐Free Parallel Monitoring of Cellular Drug Response in Nanoliter Droplets
Authors: Zhou Meijun , Urrutia Gomez Joaquin E. , Mandsberg Nikolaj K. , Liu Sida , Schmidt Sabine , Meier Matthias , Levkin Pavel A. , Jahnke Heinz‐Georg , Popova Anna
Published: October 2024

Label‐free real‐time monitoring of cellular behavior using impedance spectroscopy is important for drug development and toxicological assessments. Parallelization and miniaturization of such experiments are essential for increasing throughput and enabling experiments with low abundant stem or primary cells. Traditional methods are not miniaturized and require large volumes of reagents and number of cells, limiting their suitability for cost effective high‐throughput screening of cells of limited availability. Here, the fabrication, optimization, and application of a bioelectrical signaling monitoring system – electrode droplet microarray (eDMA) are demonstrated. The eDMA platform is based on preparation of a hydrophilic‐superhydrophobic patterns covering an array of individually addressable microelectrodes, which confines cells to individual microelectrodes, allowing for parallel, real‐time, and label‐free detection of cellular responses to drug treatments in nanoliter droplets. The real‐time monitoring of cytotoxic effect of an anticancer drug is demonstrated over 48 h with real‐time calculation of the half‐inhibitory concentration (IC50) values through impedance spectroscopy. This demonstrates eDMA's ability to dynamically assess responses to various drugs in parallel at any given time point, which is crucial for functional personalized oncology. Specifically, the platform can be employed for monitoring anticancer drug toxicity using limited patient samples, where the miniaturization provided by eDMA is essential.
Nanozyme‐Shelled Microcapsules for Targeting Biofilm Infections in Confined Spaces
Authors: Tran Hong Huy , Jaruchotiratanasakul Nadasinee , Xiang Zhenting , Pandey Nil Kanatha , Oh Min Jun , Liu Yuan , Ren Zhi , Babeer Alaa , Zdilla Michael J. , Cormode David P. , Karabucak Bekir , Lee Daeyeon , Steager Edward B. , Koo Hyun
Published: October 2024

Bacterial infections in irregular and branched confinements pose significant therapeutic challenges. Despite their high antimicrobial efficacy, enzyme‐mimicking nanoparticles (nanozymes) face difficulties in achieving localized catalysis at distant infection sites within confined spaces. Incorporating nanozymes into microrobots enables the delivery of catalytic agents to hard‐to‐reach areas, but poor nanoparticle dispersibility and distribution during fabrication hinder their catalytic performance. To address these challenges, a nanozyme‐shelled microrobotic platform is introduced using magnetic microcapsules with collective and adaptive mobility for automated navigation and localized catalysis within complex confinements. Using double emulsions produced from microfluidics as templates, iron oxide and silica nanoparticles are assembled into 100‐µm microcapsules, which self‐organize into multi‐unit, millimeter‐size assemblies under rotating magnetic fields. These microcapsules exhibit high peroxidase‐like activity, efficiently catalyzing hydrogen peroxide to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, microcapsule assemblies display remarkable collective navigation within arched and branched confinements, reaching the targeted apical regions of the tooth canal with high accuracy. Furthermore, these nanozyme‐shelled microrobots perform rapid catalysis in situ and effectively kill biofilms on contact via ROS generation, enabling localized antibiofilm action. This study demonstrates a facile method of integrating nanozymes onto a versatile microrobotic platform to address current needs for targeted therapeutic catalysis in complex and confined microenvironments.
Ultra‐Broadband Emission in Bi/Ge Co‐Doped Silica Glass and Fiber via Bismuth Coordination Engineering
Authors: Li Xin , Tian Jinmin , Shao Chongyun , Guo Mengting , Chen Yinggang , Yu Chunlei , Hu Lili
Published: October 2024

Bismuth (Bi) and Germanium (Ge) co‐doped silica glass and fiber, as advanced gain media with broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission and amplification, have promise for extending communication bandwidth. However, efficiently modulating the NIR emissions of bismuth to cover the C+L communication bands remain a significant challenge. In the study, a high‐temperature and high‐pressure reduction treatment on Bi/Ge co‐doped silica glass is employed to tailor the coordination environment around bismuth active center. This method facilitated the creation of new bismuth NIR luminescence centers, resulting in the luminescence spectrum with a peak position at 1550 nm and a FWHM exceeding 350 nm. The changes in the bismuth coordination environment are elucidated using HRTEM, photoluminescence decay, temperature‐dependent emission, EXAFS and CW‐EPR. Furthermore, the feasibility of this method in Bi/Ge co‐doped silica fiber is validated, and obtained >5 dB amplification in the range of 1400–1700 nm. This coordination engineering method holds significant potential for widespread application in Bi/Ge co‐doped silica glass and optical fiber is believed. It presents a promising prospect for expanding communication bandwidth by effectively modulating the NIR emissions of bismuth to cover the S to U communication band.
Essential(ly forgotten) workers: Latine youth farmworkers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Arnold Taylor J. , Morrison Sharon D. , Romero Michelle Y. Martin , Echeverria Sandra E. , Zapata Sylvia , Quandt Sara A. , Torres‐Lara Fabiola , Arvizu Jose A. Robles , Arcury Thomas A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Essential workers across multiple industries faced a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The effects were especially severe for agricultural and food processing workers, many of whom are members of the structurally vulnerable Latine community. Under current U.S. federal laws, children under 12 years old can legally work in agriculture, one of the most hazardous U.S. industries. Many of these working youth are Latine and experience health and educational inequities.

Methods

Using a community‐based participatory research approach and a qualitative design, we conducted semi‐structured in‐depth interviews in North Carolina in 2022, with service providers in health, education, and advocacy fields (n = 10) and Latine youth farmworkers aged 10–17 (n = 24). We used participatory qualitative analysis methods and a reflexive thematic analysis to understand and describe the work experiences of these youth during the first 2 years of the pandemic.

Results

Amidst precarious economic and school situations exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, many youths described an increased need to work to support their families. While aware and sometimes fearful of the added occupational health risks of COVID‐19, youth and their families felt they had few other options. Service providers and youth described minimal employer‐provided safety protocols or equipment, yet some workers organized their own attempts at safety protocols. Youth narratives imply limited knowledge of basic workplace safety requirements.

Conclusions

Study findings emphasize the urgent need to address structural vulnerabilities shaping workplace policies and norms to protect Latine youth farmworkers to support their healthy development.
Cerebellar Hypoplasia and Treatment Course of a Two‐Month‐Old Infant With KCNQ2 Epileptic Encephalopathy Due to a De Novo Variant and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cebeci Dilek , Cavdarli Busranur , Ozbudak Pinar , Arhan Ebru , Gucuyener Kivilcim , Demir Ercan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we report the treatment course, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography (EEG) findings of a two‐month‐old girl with KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy caused by a de novo variant. The patient started having seizures 2 days postnatally. Despite treatment with phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, topiramate, clonazepam, vigabatrin, clobazam, and pyridoxine, she continued to have 10 or more seizures per day. EEG recordings showed multifocal epileptiform discharges with diffuse background slowing. MRI revealed left cerebellar hypoplasia. After lacosamide administration, the severity and frequency of seizures decreased by 80%. EEG recordings showed a significant improvement. A de novo heterozygous variant of c.1681C>A (p.Pro561Thr) in the KCNQ2 gene was detected. After carbamazepine add‐on treatment, the patient achieved seizure‐free status for about 2 years. This case demonstrates the efficacy of lacosamide against KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document the association between cerebellar hypoplasia and KCNQ2 variants.
The Relationship between Framingham Stroke Risk Profile on Incident Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A 40‐Year Follow‐Up Study Highlighting Female Vulnerability
Authors: Yuan Jing , Tao Qiushan , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Liu Chunyu , Devine Sherral , Auerbach Sanford H. , Mez Jesse , Farrer Lindsay A. , Qiu Wei Qiao , Au Rhoda
Published: October 2024

Objective

Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the incident all‐cause dementia and the subtype Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk are unclear.

Methods

Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants (n = 4,171, 54% women, aged 55 to 69 years) were included at baseline and followed up to 40 years. The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) was dichotomized into 2 levels (cutoff: 75th percentile of the FSRP z‐scores). Cause‐specific hazard models, with death as a competing event, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) model were used to analyze the association between FSRP levels and incident all‐cause dementia and AD. Interactions between FSRP and sex were estimated, followed by a sex‐stratified analysis to examine the sex modification effect.

Results

High FSRP was significantly associated with all‐cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, robust 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21 to 1.29, p < 0.001) and AD (HR = 1.58, robust 95% CI = 1.57 to 1.59, p < 0.001) in cause‐specific hazard models. High FSRP was significantly associated with incident dementia (HR = 2.81, robust 95% CI = 2.75 to 2.87, p < 0.001) and AD (HR = 2.96, robust 95% CI = 2.36 to 3.71, p < 0.001) in women, but not in men. Results were consistent in the RMST models. Current diabetes and high systolic blood pressure as FSRP components were significantly associated with dementia and AD in women but not in men.

Interpretation

High FSRP in mid‐ to early late life is a critical risk factor for all‐cause dementia and AD, particularly in women. Sex‐specific interventions and further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms are warranted. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1124–1134
Quantization‐Based Latin Hypercube Sampling for Dependent Inputs With an Application to Sensitivity Analysis of Environmental Models
Authors: Lambert Guerlain , Helbert Céline , Lauvernet Claire
Published: October 2024

Numerical models are essential for comprehending intricate physical phenomena in different domains. To handle their complexity, sensitivity analysis, particularly screening is crucial for identifying influential input parameters. Kernel‐based methods, such as the Hilbert‐Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), are valuable for analyzing dependencies between inputs and outputs. Implementing HSIC requires data from the original model, which leads to the need of efficient sampling strategies to limit the number of costly numerical simulations. While, for independent input variables, existing sampling methods like Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) are effective in estimating HSIC with reduced variance, incorporating dependence is challenging. This article introduces a novel LHS variant, quantization‐based LHS (QLHS), which leverages Voronoi vector quantization to address dependent inputs. The method provides good coverage of the range of variations in the input variables. The article outlines expectation estimators based on QLHS in various dependency settings, demonstrating their unbiasedness. The method is applied to several models of growing complexities, first on simple examples to illustrate the theory, then on more complex environmental hydrological models, when the dependence is known or not, and with more and more interactive processes and factors. The last application is on the digital twin of a French vineyard catchment (Beaujolais region) to design a vegetative filter strip and reduce water, sediment, and pesticide transfers from the fields to the river. QLHS is used to compute HSIC measures and independence tests, demonstrating its usefulness, especially in the context of complex models.
Genetic Variants in METTL16 Affect the Risk of Non‐Syndromic Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Xu Xinze , Li Xiaofeng , Han Minxuan , Xing Changyue , Zhu Guirong , Cui Xing , Wang Lin , Lou Shu , Pan Yongchu
Published: October 2024

Objective

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification of RNA in eukaryotes which is associated with many cellular processes and diseases. Here, our objective is to explore whether genetic variants in m6A modification genes are associated with the risk of non‐syndrome orofacial clefts (NSOCs).

Methods

The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was performed to calculate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in m6A modification genes and NSOCs risk in 944 case‐parent trios. The function of SNP was predicted by HaploReg, RegulomeDB and histone enrichment data. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis was examined using Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and eQTLGen. The role of gene in the development of NSOCs was assessed with correlation and enrichment analysis based on gene expression data in mice craniofacial tissue and zebrafish embryo.

Results

We identified that rs8078195 (A > C) in METTL16 was suggestively associated with the increased risk of NSOCs (OR = 1.32, p = 1.80E − 03). The region surrounding rs8078195 was subjected to deoxyribonuclease hypersensitivity and enriched with multiple histone modifications. In addition, it had a significant eQTL effect with METTL16 in skin tissue and human peripheral blood, which played an important role in NSOCs development. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that METTL16 contributed to the development of NSOCs probably by regulating cell cycle process.

Conclusions

Rs8078195 in METTL16 was associated with the occurrence of NSOCs.