bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE REGULARITIES OF THE SEA LEVEL VARIATION OF THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS IN THE LAST 100 YEARS
Authors: Андрианова О. , Andrianova O.
Published: July 2018

The trends in variability of the sea level on the coastal stations on the Black and Azov seas during the last 100 years were determined; their comparison from station to station was done with the trends in the levels for the last 10 years. The estimates were made by filtering of the monthly and annual data by the 5-year run ning average. The rate of the sea level rise was calculated from absolute extremes in the annual and filtered data and on the linear trend: the amplitude of level increased from the lowest values occurring on the Batumi (30 cm – for the annual and 23 cm – for the filtered) and Berdyansk (39 and 27 cm, respectively) to the biggest on the Odessa (respectively 67 and 44 cm), Sulina (65 and 40 cm) and Poti (54 and 49 cm). The explanation of the differences in the trend’s maximums based on the fact that stations Odessa and Poti are situated in tectonic areas (close to geological rifts), the stations Sulina and Primorskoe are located near the Danube delta, which has an impact also. The comparing of the trends in the sea level in periods 2000–2010 years and 2000–2009 years shows the global nature of the El Niño impact phenomenon (El Niño in the Pacific was observed during the winters of 2009– 2010 years).
The evaluation of periods and amplitudes in the oscillations of sea level shows that in the short-period terms there are 3–4 year waves and in long-period terms there are 10–14 year waves; the amplitudes of short and long waves are on average equal to 11–12 cm. The exceptions are the same stations, which differed in the sea level rise; the average amplitude of the wave oscillations at these stations is bigger in 1,5 times: Sulina (14,5 cm – for short and 11,8 cm – for long), Poti (16,9 and 16,2 cm, respectively) and Berdyansk station which located in the Azov Sea (13,1 and 10,8 cm, respectively); the periods are the same as at all other stations.
TRENDS OF THE INTERANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WORLD OCEAN LEVEL DURING THE LAST CENTURY
Authors: Андрианова О. , Andrianova O. , Батырев А. , Batyrev A. , Белевич Р. , Belevich R.
Published: July 2018

The changes of the sea level in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans and the whole World Ocean for the period from 1880 till 2010 years were examined. The estimates of the values of the sea level increasing for that time period in each of the oceans and on the west and east coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were made. For this purpose, the annual sea level data were averaged over years for 68 stations in the Atlantic Ocean, 71 stations – in the Pacific and 33 stations – the Indian. Analysis of the temporary distributions of the sea level shows that increasing of the Atlantic sea level during that period (131 years) is 24,2 cm. Sea levels of Pacific and Indian Oceans during the same period increased on smaller value, 14,5 and 12,4 cm respectively. The reason for difference between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean in values of sea level rising, as it seems, is significant rising of the land (raising of the East coast of the Asian continent), which was occurred in about half of the stations on the west coast of the Pacific. In the Indian Ocean the zero level of water posts was not correct for many stations, and in some cases there were low quality data. The highest maxima in the sea level in the generalized curves of the temporary distributions appear with about 10-year cycles on the sea level of all oceans that is in good correlation with El Niño years.
MORPHODYNAMICS OF COASTAL TIDAL SUBARCTIC SEAS AFTER A STABLE TRANSITION OF AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE THROUGH 0 AND COASTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Афанасьев В. , Afanas'ev V.
Published: July 2018

It was noted that in a homogeneous coastal bluffs, the beach at comparable settings (the basic structure of the wave energy dissipation), and hydrodynamic effects (tides, surges, long waves and wind), the most intense erosion occurs in November–January. During this period, at the upper levels of the coastal profile, which are equilibrium for storm conditions with maximum tides, beach sediments are freezing and the consequent deterioration of their dissipation properties. Loss of redistribution of snow and blizzard in the profile essentially simulates morphodynamics beach properties at this time.
ACCUMULATION-DEFLATIONARY PROCESSES ON MARINE SAND BARS COASTS OF THE SOUTHERN-EAST BALTIC
Authors: Бадюкова Е. , Badyukova E. , Жиндарев Леонид , Zhindarev Leonid , Лукьянова Светлана , Lukyanova Svetlana , Соловьева Г. , Solov'eva G.
Published: July 2018

Modern accumulative and deflation forms of a coastal eolian relief on the sea coast of Kuronian and Vistula Spits are considered. It is established that on coastal barriers there are at the same time processes of accretion and degradation of a dune ridge and leaned against it foredune. Alternation of stable and erosive sites of a dune ridge is revealed. The last has destruction signs as with sea (wave erosion), and from the land side where the whirls of a wind stream creating numerous deflation basins in dune ridge have great value.
LITHODYNAMIC PROCESSES AND ANTHROPOGENIC FORMS OF RELIEF WITHIN THE NORTHERN COAST OF THE SEA OF AZOV
Authors: Бровко М. , Brovko M.
Published: July 2018

Modern lithodynamic processes within the northern coast of the Sea of Azov depend on both the endogenous and exogenous factors. At the present stage of the coastal zone evolution the exogenous anthropogenic processes are dominant. Thus, regulation of the Azov Sea rivers has led to a decrease in revenue of alluvium, which feeds the coastal zone of the sea, consequently reducing the rates of accumulation. The intensive development of buildings of different economic values within accumulative spits and mainland coast, without any scientific justification has led to greater abrasion and changes, both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the lithological flows.
MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF THE LIMANIC BARRIERS ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST UNDER ACTIVE ANTROPOGENOUS IMPACT
Authors: Выхованец Г. , Vyhovanec G.
Published: July 2018

Typical coastal elements of limans and lagoons are barriers, that separate limanic aquatories from a Seas. On limanic shores structure of the Black Sea sand barriers represented three longitudinal landscape “zones”: sea beach (“frontal”), dune-aeolian and limanic (“back of the barrier”). They closely interactive between themselves under influence of lithodynamical exchanges of sediment. General tendency of the barriers dynamics is displacement to Land direction.
PRESENT VARIATIONS OF THE BALTIC SEA LEVEL AND WATER BALANCE
Authors: Гордеева С. , Gordeeva S. , Малинин В. , Malinin V. , Дрозд М. , Drozd M.
Published: July 2018

The Baltic Sea level fluctuations have significant trends. The sea level rises in all Baltic coastsb with at different rates. Sweden coast "breathes" as well as the World Ocean level. Sea level rising on the south and the north-east coast of the Baltic Sea is lower. The trend component is not determined by interannual variations of steric sea level, the vertical water exchange and baltic river runoff. Consequently, the secular trends in sea level are caused by long-term changes in the resulting flow of water through the Danish straits. This is confirmed by changes in salinity of the Baltic Sea.
TO THE ESTIMATION OF FLOOD ZONES OF SAINT-PETERSBURG’S KURORTNY DISTRICT COASTAL AREAS AT POSSIBLE CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Гордеева С. , Gordeeva S. , Малинин В. , Malinin V. , Митина Ю. , Mitina Yu. , Павловский А. , Pavlovskiy A.
Published: July 2018

The comprehensive analysis of possible effects of climate change on coastal areas of St. Petersburg's Kurortny district is carried out. Shown is the need of balanced consideration of global warming influence for sustainable development of the area under examination. The data on inundated coastal areas under various surge heights when "flood" cyclones passing are given.
THE MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE OKTYABR’SKAYA SPIT (SEA OF OKHOTSK COAST OF KAMCHATKA)
Authors: Горин С. , Gorin S. , Игнатов Е. , Ignatov E. , Кравчуновская Е. , Kravchunovskaya E. , Корзинин Д. , Korzinin D. , Тембрел И. , Tembrel I.
Published: July 2018

Oktyabr’skaya Spit is a polygenetic aggradational landform, about 35 km long. It borders the Bol’shaya river estuary (south-western coast of Kamchatka) from the sea of Okhotsk. This talk is based on literature and archival data (18th–20th century) and on fieldwork (2005, 2010–2012 years). Secular, long-term and seasonal dynamics of Oktyabr’skaya Spit is discussed.
VARIABILITY OF SEA LEVEL AND DYNAMICS THE ACCUMULATIVE COASTS OF WESTERN CRIMEA
Authors: Горячкин Ю. , Goryachkin Yu.
Published: July 2018

Influence of the sea level changes on the dynamics of accumulative coasts (in the region of the western Crimea) is considered. The data of observations shows that the greatest change of the beaches under the influence of the level changes by 1 cm can be 1, 3 m. However, the period for which it is determined (1989–2001) was characterized, firstly, by amplification of storm activity, and secondly, by substantial growth of deficiency in deposits. It has been caused by the new deep-water mooring in Eupatoria trading port, which has changed the local migration of deposits. The regular deepening of the waterway has resulted in change of their balance, adaptation of the coast to the changed conditions and, consequently, to acceleration of the coastal line abrasion. The weakest change of beaches under the influence of changes of the level by 1 cm, which is determined for the period 2006–2010, is 0,2–0,3 m. This period was characterized by relatively little changeability of storm activity and relative stabilization of anthropogenic influence, thus such figure seems to be more trustworthy.
TO A QUESTION ABOUT THERMAL CONVECTION IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE CURONIAN LAGOON
Authors: Гущин О. , Guschin O. , Спонт Ж , Spont Zh
Published: July 2018

In the given work the circulation caused in the various speed of warming up (cooling) of shallow and deep-water zones of pool (the phenomenon of the thermal bar) is simulated. The thermal bar is formed in the spring at heating a coastal part of a reservoir above +4 °C and in the autumn during cooling below\ +4 °C. Conditions of the thermal bar occurrence and dependence of circulation on specificity of warming up above underwater slopes with different biases are shown. Influence of the thermal bar on ecology system of large lagoons as it divides two zones with different characteristics of water that defines spatial distinctions of plankton populations is considered. It is supposed to analyse in the further influence of parameters on arising circulation and to compare results to experimental data.
THE MODERN MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE «AZOV TYPE» SPITSʼ COASTAL ZONE WITHIN THE LIMITS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Давыдов А. , Davydov A.
Published: July 2018

Within the northern coast of the Sea of Azov there are some accumulative forms that have similar morphological, morphodynamic and lithodynamic characteristics. These forms of the sea relief united in the group of «azov type» spits. At the present time the investigated accumulative forms develop under conditions of intense erosion. The research carried out by us for the past five years, has shown that erosion of accumulative formsʼ bodies is natural, but the building of the bank protection structures affect the lithodynamic systemʼs integrity and strengthen the process.
TENSOR STRESS ASYMMETRY AS A MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF DIPOLE VORTEX INTO THE JET FLOW IN THE COASTAL ZONE
Authors: Даньшина А. , Dan'shina A. , Чанцев В. , Chancev V.
Published: July 2018

The theoretical conclusions about the effect of asymmetry of the stress tensor on the formation of dipolar vortex structures are built on the basis of laboratory experiments. The results of computer simulation of the mushroom current are provided.
COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE MEZEN BAY AND ESTUARIES MEZEN AND KULOY
Authors: Демиденко Н. , Demidenko N.
Published: July 2018

In the Mezen bay and estuaries Mezen and Kuloy can be high concentrations of mud suspension there, involving the formation at times mobile suspensions and settled mud. Within estuaries the river water is mixed with the sea water by the action of tidal motions, by waves on the sea surface and by the river discharge forcing its way to the sea. Nearly all shallow tidal estuaries, where currents exceed about 1,0m s-1 and where sand is present, have sand waves. Sand waves have a variety of cross-sectional and plan forms.
MATERIAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SUSPENDED MATTER in the RUSSIAN SECTOR OF THE BLACK SEA SHELF
Authors: Денисов В. , Denisov V. , Ткаченко Ю. , Tkachenko Yu.
Published: July 2018

Using sediment traps (ST) in marine research expeditions from 1986 to 2010, 188 samples of suspended matter were analyzed. All the samples were received from the shallow-water area (2 to 50 meters depth) of the Black sea shelf. Sedimentary matter from the catch basins was singled out by means of direct, high vacuum, membranous ultrafiltration with nuclear filters having 0,45 μm diameter pinholes produced by the United Institute of Nuclear Investigations in Dubna (UINI). The suspended matter received was dried till weight stabilizing, scaled and underwent analytical research. The material composition of the sedimentary matter is represented by the clayed-carbonated-micaceous matter. Biogenous minerals are represented by three carbon types: tiff, aragonite and siderite. The amount of the chiselly biogenous minerals has a subordinate meaning and serves as adulteration in suspended matter. The amount of ore minerals in the suspended matter compositionreaches 2–3 % (ferric oxide – 1 %, ferric hydroxide – up to 2 %, etc.). Geochemical composition of the suspended matter is tightly related to the bioproduction and biofiltration, impact of river flow, shallow-water sediment detachment and inflow of aerosolized matter. The industrial factor plays an important part in formation of modern chemical suspended matter composition.
FEATURES OF DETERMINATION OF SEA WAVE PARAMETERS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS TO FROM REVER TUAPSE TO RIVER PSOU
Authors: Дзагания Е. , Dzaganiya E.
Published: July 2018

East coast is the most storm part of the Black Sea because extent of the water area of the Black Sea more than 800 km. In a year there are about 17 days strong storm. Almost rectilinear outlines of the coast on a site from the river Tuapse to river Psou testify to destructive force of storm at low durability of the rocks composing the coast. The wave mode in the high sea can be determined by standard fields of a wind which build with use of weather maps. For a basis of typification take the direction and gradation of speed of a wind for that part of the water area within which it is required to define elements of waves. The main lack of a method is a short row – 10 years therefore the forecast for 25, 50 and 100 years on this row is estimated. Besides, for the district of Sochi the considerable share of excitements of a ripple (50–75 %) which are formed in different areas of the sea is characteristic. Therefore for this region any settlement method for wind excitement in the high sea won't reflect the actual mode of excitement and parameters of waves at the coast. Therefore in this case it is necessary to use all available actual data on excitement at probably bigger depth of supervision and all data on impact of the maximum storm on the coast in similar to the area of research conditions. The most qualitative for the considered coast are materials of supervision in Pitsunda. For application of these data for other sites of the coast taking into account a refraction recalculation of these supervision from shallow water is made for excitement of the deep sea. These data can be used for calculation of elements of waves on the Sochi coast. For the accounting of features of a wave mode at construction of such responsible and expensive constructions as ports, creation of new wave posts for long-term supervision is necessary. Especially it is actual in the Adler district of the city of Sochi where parameters of extreme storm are estimated generally on the put damage, instead of on series of observations over excitement. Tool supervision over excitement were carried out on northern to a pier of the Sochi port after the completion of its construction and allowed to define instrumentalno wave loads of a hydraulic engineering construction during a storm. Again created constructions of Mzymta seaport on the coast of the Imeretinsky bay and created during reconstruction of the Sochi seaport a new northern pier could form base for the organization of tool supervision over excitement on rather big depths near 15–20 M that it is quite enough for supervision of the maximum waves to their collapse.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF NEWEST TECTONICS TO STATE OF SEAS COASTS
Authors: Дунаев Н. , Dunaev N.
Published: July 2018

The very important contribution of the newest tectonics in an orientation and features of display of seas coastals processes and necessity of neotectonic researches in planned development of their shores is ground.
THE SYSTEM APPROACH AT STUDYING OF THE SEA COASTAL ZONE
Authors: Дунаев Н. , Dunaev N.
Published: July 2018

The conception of the sea coastal zone and application of a system point of view of its studying is considered.
ABOUT THE WORLD OCEAN LEVEL CHANGE IN HOLOCENE AND EVOLUTION OF THE BLACK SEA COAST AND SHELF
Authors: Есин Н. , Esin N. , Есин Н. , Esin N. , Сорокина О. , Sorokina O.
Published: July 2018

A method of calculation on local curves of the World ocean eustatic (absolute) variations is presented in this paper. It is shown that vertical motions of the Earth's Crust considerably distort eustatic curve of the sea level change (up to the contrary result). Thus, the local curves present little volume of information. A method of extraction of tectonic component from local curves is proposed. The World ocean level change in Holocene is calculated on local curves of the Mediterranean Sea. It was ascertained that the process of an active erosion of the Black Sea shelf began 3–4 ka.
THE ROLE OF THE SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE PROCESSES IN EVOLUTION OF THE BLACK SEA CONTINENTAL SLOPE AND SHELF. THE INFLUENCE OF LANDSLIDES ON MODERN COASTAL PROCESSES
Authors: Есина Л. , Esina L. , Хворощ А. , Hvorosch A. , Есин Н. , Esin N. , Крыленко В. , Krylenko V. , Гицба Я. , Gicba Ya. , Экба Я. , Ekba Ya.
Published: July 2018

Detailed studies of landslide formation on the continental slope of Near Caucasus part of Black Sea, we have made in the area between the Pshada– Olginka settlements allowed to explore the distribution of landslide formations on the continental slope and to establish their influence on the retreat of the shelf edge. The intensive destruction of shelf edge leads to a reduction in its width, the intense movement of sediments from the shelf and transporting them to the continental slope and deep-sea part in large quantities. The evolution and distribution of landslides are influenced by the geological structure of the navigation area, the width of the shelf, the rate of shoreline destruction and sediment transport from the shelf to the continental slope, underwater topography and slope declination, tectonic and seismic factors. Landslide processes on the coast and continental slope affect the modern coast changes, the bottom topography, the formation of Black Sea deep basins and the expansion of Black Sea. Coastal landslides pose a threat to coastal communities and national economic objects located in areas of high abrasion scarps of terraces, as well as for engineering structures on the continental shelf, continental slope and the seabed.
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF MONITORING OF VISTULA LAGOON COAST OF THE BALTIC SEA DURING 2011–2012
Authors: Есюкова Е. , Esyukova E. , Спонт Ж , Spont Zh
Published: July 2018

The results of the regular (weekly) monitoring of the coast of the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea in the region of village Pribrezhny (Kaliningrad oblast) during the year. Carried out on stationary profiles measuring the width of the beach, taking photos, description of the coast, the calculation of changes in the relative level of the Vistula Lagoon, as well as analysis of the wind regime and level regime of river Pregel over the period of observation allowed to follow the dynamics of the coast, to assess the stability of the state beach and coastal slopes, the degree of influence of the main mode-forming factor – the wind.
KERCH STRAIT IN KAMYSH-BURUN SPIT AREA: HIGH-RESOLUTION SEISMOACOUSTIC APPROACH
Authors: Зинько В. , Zin'ko V. , Зверев А. , Zverev A. , Федин М. , Fedin M. , Поротов А. , Porotov A. , Мысливец В. , Myslivec V. , Путанс В. , Putans V.
Published: July 2018

The seismoacoustical investigations was made in the western part of the Kerch strait (Azov sea) near Kamysh-Burun spit. The fracture zone with dislocated sedimentary rocks layers and buried erosional surface was revealed to the west of spit. Three seismofacial units was revealed to the east of spit. The first unit was modern sedimentary cover. The second ones has cross-bedding features and was, probably, the part of early generation of Kamysh-Burun spit, which lied to the east of its modern position. The lower border of the second unit is the erosional surface supposed of phanagorian age. The third unit is screened by acoustic shedows in large part.
INVESTIGATION OF COASTAL VARIABILITY OF CURONIAN SPIT OF REMOTE SENSING DATA FROM 1963 TO 2011
Authors: Карманов К. , Karmanov K.
Published: July 2018

INVESTIGATION OF COASTAL VARIABILITY OF CURONIAN SPIT OF REMOTE SENSING DATA FROM 1963 TO 2011
GROUNDSWELL OF COLLAPSING WAVES TO THE COAST IN THE ZONES OF SUBMARINE CANYONS
Authors: Катлине Коблев А. , Katline Koblev A. , Лещенко С. , Leschenko S. , Макаров К. , Makarov K.
Published: July 2018

Short characteristics of submarine canyons located between the rivers Mzymta and Psou and supervisions for their dynamics and influence on coastal constructions are examined in this report. The scheme of an underwater canyon with the directions of wave beams, the line of collapse of waves, their border groundswell to the coast and coastal constructions is presented. It is suggested to define an altitude of the length of
groundswell of collapsing waves to the coast on the basis of the law of energy conservation of surfy waves. The detailed calculating procedure taking into account a roughness and permeability of beaches is described. Testing calculation of landwash according to the offered procedure for the zone of the canyon and out of it.
A VIETNAM-RUSSIAN FIELD SURVEY FOR STUDYING OF THE NEAR SHORE DYNAMIC AND SEDIMENT PROCESSES
Authors: Косьян Р. , Kos'yan R. , Подымов И. , Podymov I.
Published: July 2018

The significant part of mankind lives in the coastal zone of the seas which plays the important role in the economic development of the seaside states. Now tendencies of coast destruction and significant influence of anthropogenous factors on the coastal zone are in the center of scientific community attention. The basic purpose of the project is the creation of new ideas about interaction of hydrosphere and lithosphere in the coastal zone with intensive anthropogenous load conditions. In 2011 the brief characteristic of evolution of coast based on literature and field materials has been made and measurements of highfrequency fluctuations of the suspended sediment concentration in storm conditions in area of Red River delta (Vietnam) were conducted. Such works were carried out by joint efforts of the Russian and Vietnamese researchers for the
first time. The combination of new and already available at the both parties’ data allows receiving interesting results and elucidating in a new fashion the problem of our countries coastal management.
EXTREME STORM EVENTS ON OKTYABR’SKAYA SPIT
Authors: Кравчуновская Е. , Kravchunovskaya E. , Тембрел И. , Tembrel I. , Горин С. , Gorin S.
Published: July 2018

Extreme storm events occur on Oktyabr’skaya spit (Kamchatka) every year and destroy the only road connecting Oktyabr’skii village with the mainland. 30.11.2011 and 2.04.2012 we had a unique possibility to be on the spit at
the time of such events. Significant geomorphic change occurred and the road was damaged. We documented the processes, as well as the effects.
PECULIARITIES OF THE SAND PARTICLES SUSPENDING UNDER INFLUENCE OF THE REGULAR WAVES
Authors: Крыленко М. , Krylenko M. , Грюне Й. , Gryune Y. , Косьян Р. , Kos'yan R. , Подымов И. , Podymov I.
Published: July 2018

In the presented paper some peculiarities of suspending and distribution of sand particles under influence of the regular waves in time interval less than the wave period are discussed using data from laboratory experiment “Hannover 2008”. The experiment was carried out in the Large Wave Channel (GWK). The presented data show that fluctuations of suspended sediment concentration are very largely initiated by individual waves.
MODELING THE LITHO- AND MORPHODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE COASTAL ZONE: SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS AND EXAMPLES
Authors: Леонтьев И. , Leont'ev I.
Published: July 2018

The discussion concentrates on several items including assessment of the longshore sediment flux, modeling the storm-induced deformations and seasonal changes in a coastal profile and also prediction of long-term coast behavior. Based on available data the method is recommended to compute the longshore discharge of the sand, gravel and pebble sediments. When modeling the shortterm storm-induced deformations, the process-based models are most preferable. In particular, the author’s model CROSS-P is applicable to sand, gravel and pebble coasts. However for greater time scales the approach using approximation of coastal profile with one or two concave curves is more effective. The corresponding author’s models developed to describe the seasonal changes and long-term evolution of coastal profile are discussed.
EVOLUTION FORECAST OF THE GULF OF GDANSK SAND SPITS IN 21 CENTURY
Authors: Леонтьев И. , Leont'ev I. , Акивис Т. , Akivis T.
Published: July 2018

The forecasting algorithm consists of three main steps. They are estimating of sediment fluxes and sediment budget for the coast under investigation, consideration of possible sea level changes and the model SPELT for a longterm modeling of coastal profile evolution. It is shown that the total sediment budgets at the main part of the Vistula Spit and at the Hel spit are nearly balanced. The only exception is the end part of the Vistula spit where the budget deficit is about 13 m3m-1year-1. According to the most plausible scenario the recession rate of the stable coasts of two spits would be about 0,3 m/y in 2010‒2050 and 0,4 m/y in 2050‒2100. For the end part of the Vistula spit the controlling factor is the sediment deficit, whereas the changes in sea level are of secondary importance. In the period 2010‒2100, the coast is expected to retreat up to 160‒200 m.
VERIFICATION OF DEAN’S EQUILIBRIUM BEACH PROFILE FORMULA FOR LARGE MAN-MADE LAKES
Authors: Лыгин А. , Lygin A. , Лыгин Ан. , Lygin An. , Хабидов А. , Habidov A.
Published: July 2018

In the paper the possibility of using Dean’s equilibrium beach profile formula for a large man-made lake coastal conditions was studied. A stringent test of its adequate use was made based on mathematical statistics. The calculations were performed for the real bottom profile of the Novosibirsk reservoir beach.
REFRACTIONOF WIND WAVES IN MESHWATER ZONNE BY THE SHORES OF ANY UNDERWATER SLOPE MORFOSTRUCTURE
Authors: Марченко А. , Marchenko A. , Никитин И. , Nikitin I.
Published: July 2018

The graphical analytical technique for refraction waves in coastal water areas under condition of water slope relief in shapes of bathymetry charts. The given technique is based on results of theoretical studies in water areas refractions in sea bays made by the authoress. The convergences data obtained are suited for foolproof calculations results for proposed methods of wave tank supervision along with natural of measurements and numerical results. The given technique make it possible to recreate the approximate picture wave field refraction on the coastal zone up to the border of waves turnover.
ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE SEVASTOPOL’S COASTS
Authors: Мысливец В. , Myslivec V. , Коротаев В. , Korotaev V. , Зверев А. , Zverev A. , Федин М. , Fedin M. , Федин М. , Fedin M.
Published: July 2018

The main role in the relief development was at the tectonical fractures, the river erosion when sea level dropped and the sea abrasion, which beginning about 7–8 thousands of years ago. The erosion basis of main small valleys was at the depth 18–19 m and 31–32 m. The seismoacoustic investigations revealed buried valleys on the shelf at depth about 20 m with thickness of sediment infilling about 20 m.
SEA-PORT CONSTRUCTION IMPACT ON LIMAN NATURE ALONG THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Перерайс Р. , Pererays R.
Published: July 2018

Construction of sea-ports in limanic aquathory along the Northern Black Sea coast have prefer impact on the coastal environment. Especially deep impact have liman bottom artificial deepening, liman slopes artificial reconstruction, navigate canals, jetties of different sizes, ground dumps etc. Typical examples are Odessa, Ill'ichevsk, Yuzhniy commercial sea-ports in northern sector of the Black Sea. On shores nearest Port Yuzhniy jetties was firstly employed new construction against sea wave erosion. This new artificial shore terrace, that consist of natural matherials, expressed as shore protection, purification of sea water, needless ground depot, new shore territory and squire for recreants simultaneous.
SEISMOLOGICAL, AND GEOMORPHIC HYDROGRAPHIC TSUNAMI RISK FACTORS FOR FAR EAST COAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: Кофф Г. , Koff G. , Чеснокова И. , Chesnokova I. , Борсукова О. , Borsukova O. , Павленко О. , Pavlenko O.
Published: July 2018

The problems of formation of the risk of a tsunami on the coast of the southern regions of the Far East Federal District. As the risk factors used features such as the relative position of the epicenters of tsunamigenic earthquakes and the coast, the underwater terrain coast, the degree of closeness of the studied bays, the presence or absence of wide beach and the first marine terraces, flowing into the characteristics of the studied coast estuaries. The factors subjected to expert estimates, taking into account their influence on the formation of the risk of a tsunami. The characteristics of the underwater topography, location in relation to the shores and bays of the epicenters of tsunamigenic earthquakes are estimated as zonal factors. Characteristics of marine terraces and river valleys are treated as local risk factors. For the first time for the coasts of Primorye and Khabarovsk area made of consequences of historical tsunamis: the presence of the devastation on the shores endured the tsunami waves from the open sea into the rivers and beaches ships, coast erosion, as well as descriptions of eyewitnesses. Characteristics of risk assessments are preceded by the WHO as areas of possible foci of tsunamigenic earthquakes, fault description and characteristics of buildings coasts. Risk assessment of the tsunami produces by the method proposed by G. Koff et al. The following characteristics was taken into account: the nature of the underwater coastal slope, exposure, banks in relation to the tsunami, the presence of the beach or I marine terrace, the presence of river valleys in the rear of the bay, the degree of openness of the bay. Overall, Nakhodka Bay and the Vostok Bay have the same performance tsunami -28,2 points. However, within these bays be provided with separate bays, with a higher risk assessment tsunami.
Tsunami response coasts was made for these areas for the first time. Analysis of the materials allowed to identify the most tsunami zone, and to recommend the use of certain sections of the proposed development.
APPLICATION OF METHODS OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO THE DYNAMICS OF ABRASION COAST
Authors: Корзинин Д. , Korzinin D.
Published: July 2018

APPLICATION OF METHODS OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO THE DYNAMICS OF ABRASION COAST
APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC METHODS IN RESEARCHES OF THE BOTTOM SEDIMENT DYNAMICS
Authors: Дивинский Б. , Divinskiy B. , Грюне И. , Gryune I. , Косьян Р. , Kos'yan R.
Published: July 2018

Acoustic methods belong to contactless measurement means, possess high spatial and time resolution. Thus, the use of multifrequency allows directly profile both concentration and granulometric structure of the suspended substances. In 2008 in the Big Wave Flume (Hanover, Germany) by efforts of the Russian and German scientists there have been carried out the experiment on studying the bottom material suspension laws under the influence of irregular waves. The Aquascat 1000 acoustic back scattering sensor (ABS) manufactured by British company Aquatec (www.aquatecsubsea.com), equipped by a three-frequency transmitter with frequencies 1,0, 2,0 and 3,84 MHz, has been set on distance of 0,75 m from the bottom and 111 m from wave generator at the total depth of 3,2 m. Several dozen series of measurements at various parameters of surface waves have been carried out. The general picture of suspension is so that the external dynamic influence (currents, wave movements, turbulence, gravitation forces) creates a non-uniform field (gradient) of the suspended particles and in most cases due to this the average size of particles undergoes to the spatial-time variations. For this reason while defining the mass concentration of suspended sediment, using the single frequency transmitter there is necessity for numerous definition of the suspension granulometric structure what by isn’t always possible. If two and more frequencies are used the observed results comparison can give the information on average diameters of particles and on that basis the calculation of suspended sediment concentration is possibleLet's emphasize the basic advantages of back scattering acoustic gauges usage: – Obtaining the particles sizes and concentration distribution profiles is possible; – The initial granulometric structure of bottom sediments can be unknown (at use of several frequencies). The following can be referred to some lacks of the device: – The system should be calibrated in laboratory conditions; – In a positive feedback conditions the iterative computing process can converge to zero or to infinity. In this case experiments with a variation of carrier frequencies chosen for the analysis allow partially solve the problem (say experiments with different frequencies pairs, as 2/1 of MHz or 4/2 MHz).
VORTEX STRUCTURES FROM REMOTE SENSING DATA OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC COASTAL WATERS
Authors: Гурова Е. , Gurova E. , Чубаренко Б. , Chubarenko B.
Published: July 2018

VORTEX STRUCTURES FROM REMOTE SENSING DATA OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC COASTAL WATERS
LAPTEV AND EAST SIBERIAN SEA COASTAL DYNAMICS, SEDIMENT FLUXES, AND COASTAL DATABASE
Authors: Григорьев М. , Grigor'ev M.
Published: July 2018

The coastal zones of the Laptev and East-Siberian seas are characterized by the highest erosion rates in the Arctic. Thermal abrasion is the leading geomorphological process in the region, with average rates of 1 to 4 m/yr. On the basis of shore segmentation, coastal erosion rates were analysed for each segment of coast. The mean rate of coastal retreat for the Laptev and East-Siberian seas was calculated and estimated to be 0,8 m/yr. In recent decades, the Laptev and East-Siberian sea regions have experienced a warming trend. Under these conditions, erosion rates of ice rich coasts on several key sites have increased 1,5–2 times during the last 10–12 years. Sediment and organic material inputs for the Laptev and East-Siberian seas were estimated and found to be respectively (1,6 and 2,4 103 t/yr for sediment and 62,2 and 90,2 103 t/yr for organic material). The data obtained were compiled into an electronic coastal database for the study region. Using the database, 16 lithologic, morphologic, morphometric and dynamic parameters were determined for each coastal section. The processes of cryogenic morphogenesis form rather specific coastal landscapes within the studied coasts. In studied region the rates of coastal transformation is much faster then in other Arctic areas. This study has shown that 10,7 km2/yr of land is lost annually along the Arctic seas of East Siberia.
COASTAL GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND THEIR RELATION TO HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS ON OSMUSSAAR ISLAND, THE BALTIC SEA
Authors: Тониссон Х. , Tonisson H. , Орвикку К , Orvikku K
Published: July 2018

The Estonian coast is geologically diverse and is characterized by its embayed nature with a variety of beach types experiencing land uplift ranging from 0,5 to 2,8 mm/year [5].
ASSESSMENT OF HYDROPHYSICAL CONDITIONS FOR VISTULA LAGOON BY FIELD DATA AND REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Домнин Д. , Domnin D. , Пилипчук В. , Pilipchuk V.
Published: July 2018

In the study, a large array of data (more than 15 thousand records and 180 full-scale measurements with satellite data files) for the period 1994–2012 (by ABIORAS) was systematized. Comparative analysis of the literary and fullscale satellite data has been executed. Based mainly on the stock of field measurements were made modern space-time description of the water masses in the lagoon (temperature, salinity). The discrepancy between the intra-variation in temperature between the periods 1966–1976 and 1994–2004 were identified. The paper contains a comparison and the subsequent correlation of field and satellite data, defined regularity of temperature exceeding of satellite data over the measured data. Lagoon area is divided into districts.
PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION RUSSIAN LAGOONS WITH CORRESPONDING TO ITS MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Домнина А. , Domnina A.
Published: July 2018

Analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the lagoons of Russia was made with use of available in Internet satellite photographs LandSat 7 for period from 2000 till 2011 years. Along shore and cross shore lengths of the lagoons does not exceed 80 and 65 km accordingly. More than 75 % of the lagoons of Russia are stretched along a shore. On average, the typical size for all along shore lagoons Russia about 1,5 times than cross shore one. Significant part of lagoons (36 %) have along shore size in the range 10–25 km, and cross shore size less than 5 km (45 %), along shore size does not exceed 50 km for 90 % of lagoons and cross shore size does not exceed 10 km for 74 % of the coastal lagoons. Squares of a lagoon could rich 5 km2 and 60 % of the lagoon is the area within less than 100 km2. More than 60 % of Russian lagoons have only one inlet, and for 61 % of lagoons openness ration is between 0,1–1,0.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MODERN CONDITIONS AND FORECASTING DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN COASTS OF BLACK SEA
Authors: Игнатов Е. , Ignatov E.
Published: July 2018

The problem of studying of sea coast is actual for a long period of time and remains valid till nowadays. The article reflects the modern problems of stability and development of coast and the main directions of Russian coasts research.
ROLE OF MOUTH PROCESSES IN THE DYNAMICS OF ACCUMULATIVE FORMS IN COASTAL ZONE OF BLACK SEA (WITHIN THE RUSSIAN SECTOR)
Authors: Исупова М. , Isupova M.
Published: July 2018

The processes in the river mouth areas play a special role in the formation and dynamics of coastal accumulative forms. The experience of Russian and foreign specialists on investigations of river mouths shows a modern intensification of sea impact on the river deltas in the world and enhance the abrasion of their delta coastlines. These processes show a trend of transformation of different mouths from the fluvial-dominated objects to the marine-dominated objects. A striking example of this process is the variability of the mouth fan, which has a complicated structure, and the mouth bars. In most cases, the structure of the mouth fan presents several successive layers. There are the following 1) abovewater and submarine sand layers; 2) layer of silty sediments of the sea slope of the mouth fan; 3) gently sloping layers of clay, component the foot of the mouth fan; 4) layer of shelf sand, not related to the formation of mouth fan. Each of these layers is characterized by a specific size and composition of sediments. Under intensification of abrasion of the mouth accumulative forms (accordance with the stage of this abrasion), the sediments significantly differed by composition, can be penetrate in the lithodynamic coastal system. A rather complex topography of the underwater slope rugged canyons is typical for the Russian coast of the Black Sea. Through these canyons, sediments, entering the river mouth area and playing an important role in the dynamics of coastal accumulative forms, can be delivered to the depths. These depths exclude of their return.
ON THE METHODS OF ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MORPHODYNAMICS WITH NUMERICAL AND GEOINFORMATICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Кремез В. , Kremez V. , Островерх В. , Ostroverh V.
Published: July 2018

The questions on kinematics and morphodynamics of estuarine zones assessment are considered with help of numerical and GIS methods for natural and construction systems monitoring. The monitoring is fulfilled on the basis of the time-spatial database for estuarine part of Danube to Black Sea navigational canal trough the Bystry branch of Cilia delta. To the database we include not only river and reservoir shores and depth but the constantly acting hydrometeorogical parameters as well. The database is used for river and canal navigation analysis, coastal line and fairway stability.As a result we propose the recommendations on protection and training dike structures due to the principle of natural analog type constructures for dredging, seawater rejection and soil deposits utilization as material for artificial offshore structures
ANALYSIS OF THE MODERN GRAIN-SIZE COMPOSITION VARIABILITY OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR BEACH SEDIMENTS
Authors: Крыленко В. , Krylenko V. , Косьян Р. , Kos'yan R. , Крыленко М. , Krylenko M. , Кочергин А. , Kochergin A.
Published: July 2018

The results of realized in 2010 field researches of the spatial and time grain-size structure variability of beach and bottom sediments of the bay-bar Anapskaya southern part are presented in this paper. Irretrievable carrying out of sediment particles to depths more than 7 m intensifies with their size decrease to 0,1 mm. As over 70 % bottom and about 60 % beach sediments are presented by fractions less 0,16 mm on bay-bar Anapskaya southern part, namely at this part there is sand material massive carrying out to depth. Potential danger of the investigated site geosystem degradation is revealed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT TIME REMOTE SENSING DATA IN INVESTIGATION OF DYNAMICS OF ARCTIC COASTS
Authors: Кузнецов Д. , Kuznecov D. , Носков А. , Noskov A. , Огородов С. , Ogorodov S.
Published: July 2018

Natural geomorphic processes set the rules of development of petroleum resources in offshore and coastal areas in the Arctic. Coastal zone here is highly dynamic due to contact with cryolithozone. Considering eventual human impact and forecasted climatic change, coastal retreat rate may increase significally. To study peculiarities of coastal dynamics at Yamal and Ural coasts of Baydaratskaya bay, Kara Sea, the network for instrumental monitoring was established. Long-term observations carried out there were largely complemented with results of analysis of different time imagery along with state maps with use of GIS. Precise reference, alignment and comparison of diverse materials was done using an array of specific distinguishable relief features. As the result, maps of coastal dynamics were produced. After correlation with instrumental
monitoring data they were subsequently used as the base for synthetic maps showing classification and segmentation of shores. Following evaluation of the research, changes were made to the construction project for offshore and onshore pipelines in the studied area.
ANALYSIS OF BANK PROTECTION MEASURES CANYON IN THE COAST OF NEW IMERETI VALLEY IN THE ADLER DISTRICT OF SOCHI
Authors: Лещенко С. , Leschenko S. , Катлине Коблев А. , Katline Koblev A.
Published: July 2018

The Imeretinsky lowland – the central fragment of a large Black Sea terrace of the Caucasian coast of Russia, is located in interfluve the rivers Mzymty and Psou. In its central and western part large sports complexes of the winter Olympic Games "Sochi-2014" and the Olympic village are under construction. It has led to necessity of engineering protection of coast from the constructed port Imeretinsky to east board of cape of Konstantinovsky.
In the report the site located from the Southern pier of port to the western board of cape of Konstantinovsky is considered. On a site the underwater canyon Novuy is located. To provide stability of a shore, the project of coastal protection now is realized. This project provides building in a surface part of a beach ferroconcrete grille on piles and a slope from concrete cubes. Before should be fill an artificial pebble beach in width not less than 50 m.
As has shown inspection of coastal protection constructions, rates a beach lag behind rates of its washout. The width of a surface beach makes now no more than 13 m. For scoping executed embankments sandy a material comparison bathymetric shootings before port building (2007) has been made and April, 2012. By comparison is established that slept pebble the material is at the bottom and doesn't move waves on coast.
Thus, massed filling the pebble material, coasts of Imeretinsky lowland spent recently on a considered site, haven't led to formation of a steady surface beach in design width of 50 m.
On this site, and also on a site around Konstantinovsky's canyon updating of design decisions is required.
THE FEATURES OF MODERN CHANGES OF MORPHOLOGY AND WATER REGIME OF CHANNELS IN SULAK AND TEREK RIVER DELTAS
Authors: Магрицкий Д. , Magrickiy D. , Можаева К. , Mozhaeva K.
Published: July 2018

On the basis of available hydrological data and results of expedition sounding works the detailed analysis of long-term changes of water levels in the main channels of Terek and Sulak river deltas, vertical and planned deformations of channels, parameters of channels and a river stream is made. The contribution to change of water levels in channels of the water discharges, channel processes, mouth lengthening and sea level fluctuations is quantitatively estimated. Differentiation of delta channels on character and factors of channel processes and changes of water levels is executed. Reliable tools (in the form of empirical dependences) for calculation of water levels on hydrological posts in the Terek and Sulak river deltas on the main factors are created. Received for results allow to optimize water economic actions in deltas of Terek and Sulak, to deepen our knowledge of mouth processes, especially at considerable change of factors of these processes.
RELIEF AND LANDSCAPES UNDERWATER COASTEL SLOPE ISLANDS OF THE SMALL KURIL RIDGE
Authors: Мануйлов В. , Manuylov V.
Published: July 2018

The Small Kuril ridge – part of the island arc system of the Kuril Islands, located in the continental-ocean transition zone. The report notes the correlation between elements of the bottom topography of landscapes complexes and discusses their basic types. The most common elements of underwater slopes are bench – aligned, buried, ridge, with dense thickets of kelp and the community of echinoderms. Underwater ridge slopes with alternating asymmetrical ridges and troughs that separate them, inhabited by red algae, holothurians. In the bays of the main natural complexes – the central valley, the slopes on the sides of blocky, in the tops of the sedimentary dehydration. Straits between the islands have a width from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers. The central part of the strait is plain with gravel-pebble material. Species of animals adapted for life
in a hydrodynamically active zone – some mollusks, echinoderms. Common elements of islands shallow water – reefs. Their dismembered surface occupied by biocenosis of brown algae, holothurians, sea anemones. Accumulative plain, composed of sand and gravel material, which is located at depths of 20‒30 meters – the border of the coastal zone.