bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifi technology in future benefits in several sectors
Authors: Bari Saiful
Published: October 2020

Whether you are the usage of wireless net in an espresso shop, stealing it from the
man subsequent door, or competing for bandwidth at a conference, you have probable gotten
pissed off at the gradual speeds you face when extra than one system is tapped into the network.
But radio waves are clearly one section of the spectrum that can raise our data. What if we can
also wish to use exclusive waves to surf the internet? One German physicist. Harald Haas, has
come up with a reply he calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics
with the resource of potential of sending records thru an LED moderate bulb that varies in
intensity faster than the human eye can follow. And safety would be a snap—if you can’t see the
light, you can’t get entry to the data. Li-Fi is a VLC, considered slight communication,
technological perception developed by way of using a crew of scientists collectively with Dr
Gordon Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr Mostafa Afgani at the University of Edinburgh. The
time size Li-Fi used to be coined via skill of the use of Prof. Haas when he amazed humans by
means of potential of means of streaming high- definition video from a modern-day LED lamp,
at TED Global in July 2011. Unseen with the resource of practicable of the human eye, this
variant is used to elevate high-speed data,” says Dr Povey, Product Manager of the University of
Edinburgh's Li-Fi Program ‘D-Light Project’.
Application of TiO2 Nano-particles to incorporate Self- Cleaning in Polyester Fabric with the Help of Binder and to Study Changes in Physical Properties
Authors: Sonal Rani, Ritika Sharma and Neetu Rani
Published: October 2020

The study aims at application of Nano scaled titanium dioxide nanoparticles with photocatalytic activity.
The titanium dioxide nanoparticles were applied by a dip-pad–dry-cure process with the help of binders to
textile materials for producing photocatalytic self-cleaning thin films. The study was focused on the
application and characterization of titanium dioxide. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles was
studied against Methyl Orange degradation test in solar box test instrument by dissolving TiO2
nano-composites in an aqueous solution at low temperature. Polyester is most widely used synthetic fibre in
textile and clothing. In this study, Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed at room temperature via
Sonication and treated polyester fabrics exhibit significant photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of
degradation of coffee stains. The mechanical properties like bending length, breaking strength, air
permeability and durability of TiO2 treated polyester fabrics were accessed. The study discovered that
anatase TiO2 based self-cleaning system shows potential systems for self-cleaning textiles having high
potential in commercialization being environmentally affable, energy and water saving, low cost as of
reduced laundry cycles of the finished textiles.
Arogyakrpata - A Natural Protection
Authors: Saloni Jain
Published: October 2020

During this present situation of pandemic (COVID-19), it is really important for people’s wellbeing and to
take care of their health and immunity. Since no vaccine has been discovered to cure/ effectively available
to the people, the effect of the virus is outnumbering the other illness of previous pandemic.
The research is designed towards the wellbeing of the Covid-affected population by designing bed linen
and medicated patient’s robe.
Therefore, the aim of the design here is to solve the area of design problem of Corona affected patients
and recovering population in quarantine, either in medical facility centers or at home isolation.
The design of ArogyakrpaTa - textile products includes products likes bed cover, cushion and Patient’s robe
and overall/ apron for care givers.
The design solutions are aimed to address the safety and health- aspect of the concern patients.
Using medicinal plants
Improving the immunity of a person by giving some level of protection from falling sick from even a normal
bacteria or flu. Using herbal medicinal plants and their benefits by dying and covering to create a home
collection/wearable piece/ fashion which helps not only as a protection but also it will develop a goodaroma on
the skin, and one will notice immunity creating in the body. Also the absence of harsh chemicals in terms of dye
stuff and textile finishing, is going to be beneficial for long time use, specially most of the skin contact time with
patient’s bed sheet and pillow cover will be more than 12 to 24 hours for initial weeks and approx. 14 hours for
the laterperiod of the time.The fibers of the material used to develop the fabric are obtained naturally, is
environment friendly, sustainable and biodegradable. The fibers are long, soft, shiny and can be spun into
coarse, strong threads and also is biodegradable. The medicinal dye can be used after the yarn process or after
the fabric production process. Protection masks can also be developed with it.
Recycling– an Approach towards Sustainability
Authors: Anurati Chaudhuri, Lina Chakraborty and Sankar Roy Maulik
Published: October 2020

Recycling and up-cycling are two popular buzz-words in today’s society and is a large component of the
environmental movement to reduce ecological damage. Recycling refers to those products that are used till
they are considered waste and then used again to make similar or different kinds of products. Textile
recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing of used fabrics, fibrous materials, natural renewable
resources and clothing scraps. Recycled textiles are generally used in low quality end use thereby
downgrading the standards of ultimate products.
In India, clothing plays an important role in deciding one’s status since historic period. In today’s world,
people wear branded clothes to show their fashion sense and financial position in the society. Fashion is
considered to be one of the fastest brand industries on the planet and approximately 80 billion new pieces of
clothing are being sold every year throughout the world, which is around 400% more than the production of
40 years ago. Fashion employ more than 300 million people worldwide and clothing production has doubled
during the last fifteen year. In order to produce 1 kg of fabric 23 kg of green house gases are emitted. Textile
industry generates more CO2 and half of the cloth present in the wardrobe may never been worn in a year.
Fashion is now considered as the second most polluting industry and increasing middle classes in
developing world for making their own fashion statement, the situation is getting worse. A huge amount of
water, manpower, electricity is needed to produce raw materials and that same amount or more is used to
produce the final products. As estimated, the total clothing sales will reach 175 million tons by 2050, which
will turn the planet into biggest fashion victim. Thus this industry is facing challenges on sustainability.
In this context, the aim of this paper is to show upcycling of textiles in the era of fast fashion. Most of the
people is not familiar to the term up-cycling and have the misconception that up-cycled materials are made
from second hand products and are not as good as branded clothes. This may be true to a certain extent but
to preserve our mother earth it is very essential to think in this approach of recycling and/or up-cycling in the
coming years. The objective is to create innovative designs from the activity of recycling. The products are
made from used clothes, whereas dyeing and printing of apparels is done by using the waste materials of
nature. Bark and dry flowers of trees is used for dyeing; whereas dry leaves are used for Botanical prints on
old fabrics. Old sarees are used for making new apparel. The use of recycle materials will reduce the
pressure on virgin resources; develop value added creative textiles, provide job opportunities among the
surrounding communities, reduce the ecological damage and make people aware of using recycled textiles.
Traditional arts and crafts: Responsible lifestyle products design through heat transfer printing
Authors: Manisha Gahlot and Vandana Bhandari LaimayumJogeeta Devi, Anita Rani
Published: October 2020

Sustainability is the key to responsible production and conservation of environment, which is the need of the
hour. Indian motifs based on traditional textile arts and crafts have always been a source of inspiration not
only to Indian designers but also have intrigued global designers. These motifs can be adapted into lifestyle
products through modern techniques of surface enrichment. Lifestyle products hold a lucrative market in the
textile sector. Apron is one such lifestyle product which falls under the category of accessories. This study
explores how traditional knowledge of Indian arts and crafts can open up avenues for responsible designing
of lifestyle products. In the present study, fifty motifs/designs from textile and architectural sources of
Manipur were collected from secondary sources, adapted and simplified for application in kitchen apron
using CorelDraw X3 software. Ten adapted designs were selected through visual inspection by a panel of
thirty judges. The design arrangements were developed for kitchen apron by preparing line patterns,
motifs/designs layout and colourways, respectively. The outcome of every step was visually evaluated by
the same panel of thirty judges, except for the line patterns, on five point scale. The prototype scoring highest
weighted mean score i.e., rank I was selected for further developing the following consequent steps. The
finalized designs were printed on the paper using disperse dyes. The printed papers were then used to
transfer designs on the constructed and finished apron made of polyester/cotton blended fabric. The cost of
apron was estimated Rs. 244/- which can be reduced if produced in bulk. Consumer assessment was carried
out for the printed apron on various aesthetic parameters. Consumers’ acceptance for the printed apron was
found high which reflected its marketability owing to uniqueness of the motifs, traditional values associated
with the traditional motifs of Manipur, sharpness of design lines, the clarity of prints and the reasonable price.
Thus, study outcome revealed that the designs inspired from traditional textile arts and crafts of Manipur can
be successfully rejuvenated into lifestyle products through heat transfer printing which is environmentally
feasible, socially acceptable and economically viable.
Artificial Intelligence Design Suggestions for Apparel Retail Counters
Authors: Dr. Nidhi Sharma and Dr. Alok Sharma
Published: October 2020

Artificial Intelligence is the requirement felt widely in retail industry support system, especially in Apparel
Retail counters. On different occasions, functions, parties and celebrations, the shopping is done using these
Apparel retail counters. Artificial Intelligence is an area of computer science which simulates the human
intelligence and human sensory abilities. So, Artificial Intelligence is becoming an imperative tool for the retail
counters to enhance the quality, improve customer’s experience, automation, and to lower the operating costs.
This paper will discuss how Artificial Intelligence is influencing the retail counters by automation of cash
management, improving customer’s experience and providing other supports for adjustment of prices and
prediction of prices considering seasonal as well as occasional effects.
"Uma canção pra você"
Authors: Farias Yaci Maria Marcondes
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo discorro sobre a elaboração e validação de uma proposta de Sequência Didática (SD) que procura abordar questões de gênero, em especial a identidade de gênero trans em associação com o ensino de biologia. Seu desenvolvimento está ancorado nos pressupostos para uma educação anti-opressiva, visando um ensino de biologia não sexista, que seja capaz de promover nos estudantes pensamento crítico, além de contribuir para a aprendizagem dos conceitos científicos sugeridos. A SD passou pelo processo de validação tanto por professores(as) de biologia quanto por mulheres trans. Os resultados dessa validação apontaram que a SD aqui proposta cumpre seu objetivo e aponta para a importância de propostas desta natureza para um ensino de biologia crítico.
ensino remoto emergencial de Ciências e Biologia em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Barbosa Alessandro  Tomaz , Ferreira Gustavo Lopes , Kato Danilo Seithi
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os desafios e as necessidades de professores de Ciências e/ou Biologia dos estados que compõem a SBEnBio – Regional 4 (MG/GO/TO/DF), diante do ensino remoto emergencial. A partir da escuta sensível das demandas dos professores, com embasamento teórico e metodológico freireano e da decolonialidade, propusemos um curso de extensão: “Escolas e territorialidades em contextos de incertezas: construindo BIONAS”. Os resultados apresentam como desafios, entre outros, a falta de formação e experiência prévia dos professores para produzirem as atividades remotamente, as habilidades básica e intermediária com as TDICs e a conciliação do ensino remoto com os cuidados domésticos. Diante dessa conjuntura pandêmica, consideramos emergencial resistir a uberização do trabalho docente e a mcdonização do currículo.
ANALISIS RATIO PT INDOFOOD SUKSES MAKMUR Tbk TAHUN 2016 – 2019
Authors: Wagiyo Wagiyo , Kusnindar Arum Arupi
Published: October 2020

PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, didirikan di Republik Indonesia pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1990 dengan nama  PT.  Panganjaya Intikusuma, berdasarkan Akta Notaris Benny Kristianto, S.H., No. 228. disahkan oleh   Menteri Kehakiman Republik Indonesia dalam Surat Keputusan No. C2 2915. HT.01.01.Th1991 tanggal 12 Juli 1991, dan di umumkan dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia No. 12 Tambahan No. 611 tanggal 11 Februari 1992. PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produsen makanan (mie) dan penggilingan tepung, yang tercatat di bursa saham Indonesia pada tanggal 4 Juli 1994. Hasil analisis laporan keuangan menggunakan pengukuran Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Leverage, Rasio Aktivitas, Rasio Profitabilitas, dan perusahaan memiliki kemampuan yang Baik untuk mengambil tindakan dalam menjamin dan melunasi hutang kepada kreditur, dan untuk hasil analisis rasio keuangan usaha lainnya untuk dapat dijadikan pertimbangan bagi investor dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menginvestasikan dananya ke perusahaan.
Eduardo Angelim e a produção de verdades na província do Grão-Pará no início do século XIX
Authors: Neves Corrêa Maurício , Neves Ivânia Dos Santos
Published: October 2020

O início do século XIX, com suas intensas agitações políticas na província do Grão Pará, marca também o momento da criação dos primeiros jornais impressos na Amazônia brasileira. Parte destes primeiros periódicos vai representar a posição contrária à anexação da Amazônia ao Império brasileiro. Como culminância das insatisfações locais, em 1835, eclodiu a Cabanagem, uma revolução popular que proclamou a independência da região em relação ao recém-criado Império brasileiro. Nosso objetivo, neste artigo, é analisar a produção discursiva sobre Eduardo Angelim nas páginas do jornal A Sentinella Maranhense na Guarita do Pará e na obra Motins Políticos de Domingos Raiol, considerando suas emergências históricas, seus jogos de poder e a produção de verdades que a envolve.
Applying grade inflation adjustment mechanism in an Ethiopian university: Differences in nominal and real grades
Authors: Wariyo Lemecha Geleto , Kelbago Roman Alemu
Published: October 2020

Abstract-Grade inflation is a recognized problem in universities around the world. The factors underlying grade inflation are also discussed by studies. The objective of this study was: firstly, to observe the degree of grade inflation by analyzing the difference between nominal grades and real grades of students across departments. Secondly, the study analyzes the relationship between aptitude test scores and college GPA. In order to achieve these objectives, the first semester grades of all Wachemo university first batch third-year students (total 435 students: male 287 female 148) were collected from the registrar and the nominal and real grades were calculated. The Grieves method of real grade analysis formula was used to analyze the real grades. The findings of this study revealed that although there was no severity of grade inflation in the semester, 4 departments out of 12 departments registered inflated grades. The correlation between nominal and real grades of students is positive and strong indicating that real grades are grade-inflation adjusted nominal grades. There was a zero correlation between aptitude test scores and the college GPA in this study. The similarity of the grading system, and the similarity and the harmonization of the courses make the Grieve’s method of grade inflation adjustment mechanism to be applied in Ethiopian universities. In addition, mechanisms of adjusting grade inflation better have attention in Ethiopia in order to standardize grades from different universities to have a fairer and valid comparison of graduates for employment.

Key words: Nominal grade, real grade, aptitude test scores
Customer Relationship Management: A Tool for Customer Loyalty (A Case Study of Some Selected Hotels in Hawassa)
Authors: Walelign Andualem
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this study was to investigate customer relationship management and customers’ loyalty in Hawassa city selected hotels by applying CRM dimensions of bonding, communication, conflict handling, empathy, responsiveness and trust. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from customers of the selected hotels. In line with the objective, descriptive research methods were used to examine the customers’ perceptions of CRM practices and future behavioral intentions. Inferential statistics were used to see the relationship between dependent and independent variables as well as to investigate cause and effect relationships. The key finding showed that there was a positive and significant effect of CRM dimensions of communication, conflict handling, empathy and trust on customer loyalty and selected hotel guests loyalty status shows that they were slightly intended to be loyal customer to the selected hotels. Bonding and responsiveness did not significantly affect guests’ loyalty.
Kesiapan Guru Dalam Menggunakan eknologi Informasi Untuk Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Pada SMP Negeri Kota Palembang
Authors: Arianty Deasy , Antoni Darius , Akbar Muhammad
Published: October 2020

The 2013 curriculum is a new curriculum issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. The 2013 curriculum itself is a curriculum that prioritizes understanding, skills, and character education, where students are required to understand the material, be active in the discussion and presentation process and have high manners and discipline. This curriculum officially replaces the Education Unit Level Curriculum which has been implemented since 2006. However, there are still many teachers who find it difficult to apply this approach in teaching and using learning media, one of which is information technology. The results of the research explanation can be revealed that the readiness of teachers to use information technology in the 2013 curriculum is around 79% ready and categorized as high, in this case technology and information are not only used in the computer field but can also be used as learning media in the 2013 curriculum-scientific approach , without eliminating the essence of the basic concepts of the 2013 curriculum.
Pembuatan Rencana Strategis SI/TI Sebagai Acuan Pengembangan SI/TI Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Palembang
Authors: Herawati Netti , Syamsuar Dedy , Kunang Yesi Novaria
Published: October 2020

The Palembang Port Hospital has used and utilized IT tools in line with the vision of becoming the best hospital in the national health industry with world-class professional services. To benefit from the use of IT equipment, the management of the Palembang Port Hospital must have knowledge of how the device is planned properly so that the results obtained are as expected. Otherwise it will cause a mismatch between the current device / application and the application needed in the future. Based on this, a strategic planning is required so that IT development runs directed and in accordance with the expected values ​​of hospital management. The preparation of this strategic plan uses the Anita Cassidy framework in 4 phases, namely (1) Visioning Phase discusses current business conditions, (2) Analysis Phase discusses current IT conditions, (3) Direction Phase contains IT planning stages and (4) Recommendation Phase is the final result of the preparation of a strategic plan in the form of a final roadmap. In the preparation of the strategic plan for the Palembang Port Hospital, 9 projects were identified, namely 3 projects related to applications, 4 projects related to network infrastructure development, 2 documentation projects and IT training. In addition, an estimate of the time the project will start is also developed.
Perencanaan Strategis Sistem Dan Teknologi Informasi Pada Bank Sampah Kota: Studi Kasus Bank Sampah Kota Prabumulih
Authors: Wahyuni Eka Sri
Published: October 2020

Waste today is the most influential factor on the environment, it can not be denied that the waste will always exist as long as the activity of life is still running. Law no. 18 Year 2008 on trash  management explains  about  the  need  to  change  the  pattern  of  conventional trash management into trash management which is based on trash reduction and handling. The role of Bank Trash becomes important as one of the organizations that is expected to be able to carry out the task to be able to provide an active solution to the trash problem in Prabumulih City. This study aims to analyze the condition of information systems and information technology (IS / TI), in the Trash Bank environtment. Trash Bank Prabumulih City was chosen as the object of research because the existence of garbage bank becomes a very important requirement at this time. The literature review is used as a method in reviewing journals to determine the role of information systems and information technology (IS / IT) in optimizing interactions between organizations, customers and the wider community. This research produces information about the condition of information system and information technology (IS / IT) in Prabumulih Trash Bank so it can help give solution in an effort to increase the role of Information System and Information Technology in supporting the operational activity of Prabumulih Trash Bank.
Higher Intrinsic Quantum Yield of Eu3+-Doped Zn2sio4 Obtained by Sol-Gel Process, Calculated by Judd - Ofelt Theory
Authors: Luis Ferrari Jefferson , de Oliveira Adriana Souza , Buarque Juliana Maria Martins , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa , Nascimento Jr. Clebio Soares , Schiavon Marco Antonio , P. Barbosa Helliomar , Faleiro ose Henrique
Published: October 2020

The sol-gel process allows the obtaining of Eu3+-doped Zn2SiO4with 1 mol% with different molar ratios between Zn2+ and Si4+. The materials reported here were obtained with a resistive furnace at 600, 900, 1000 and 1100°C degree, during 2 h. All the materials exhibited an intense photoluminescence emission with bands assigned to the Eu3+ transitions. Among the materials studied, the samples containing 70 and 80% of Si4+, exhibited higher Eu3+ lifetimes values. The predominance of the quartz phase decreases micro deformations and the location of the Eu3+ ions in higher symmetry sites, reducing the intensity of the photoluminescent materials. The increasing of annealing temperature contributes to the detrimental lifetime and luminescence materials due to the location of the Eu3+ in the site of high symmetry. Through Judd-Ofelt theory was possible to obtain higher values of intrinsic quantum yield (QLn Ln) between 32 and 66% dependent on the temperature of heat-treatment, in comparison with the same material reported in the literature. Keywords: Orthosilicates; Photoluminescence; Rare Earth; Europium;
Design Education through Facilitating Student-Centred Learning
Authors: Munasinghe Harsha
Published: October 2020

Student disengagement in the architecture design studio is our research-focus. Design teachers complain that their multitasking students are not interested in learning, whereas the industry complains that the products of design schools fall short of their expectations. Having observed student disengagement in design studio as a cause for this schism, we tested ways to bring students back to learn-through-application. Among the reasons for their demotivation, we found, is the gradual drifting of design studio pedagogy towards stereotyping, moulding students to design a final product rather than inspiring them to fine-tune a design process. Our hypothesis is that if the design studio includes its participants in the learn-ing process, their engagement in the studio can be improved. We tested various methods of improving the design studio pedagogy, the most tested pedagogical tool in architecture school by providing an open forum for knowledge-construction and dissemination. Our major breakthrough came when the students were made to feel that they were included in shaping their learning exercises. Our quest is to test the strength of such learner-centred design studio, in which responsibilities to knowledge-construction and dissemination could be shared. Our qualitative research methods included observation and participatory observation of design studios and depth-interviews of teachers and students at several schools. We also conducted experimental design studios to test the hypothesis of collaborative studio, and found that more we include the students and more they learn. Keywords: Design-pedagogy; Design-studio; knowledge-construction; Learner-centred-teaching
A comparative meta-analysis of residential green building policies and their impact on overall energy consumption patterns
Authors: Jabbour Naim
Published: October 2020

Data shows residential energy consumption constituting a significant portion of the overall energy end use in the European Union (EU), ranging between 15% and 30%. Furthermore, the EU’s dependency on foreign fossil fuel-based energy imports has been steadily increasing since 1993, constituting approximately 60% of its primary energy. This paper provides an analytical re-view of diverse residential building/energy policies in targeted EU countries, to shed insight on the impact of such policies and measures on energy use and efficiency trends. Accordingly, the adoption of robust residential green and energy efficient building policies in the EU has increased in the past decade. Moreover, data from EU energy efficiency and consumption databases attributes 44% of total energy savings since 2000 to energy upgrades and improvements within the residential sector. Consequently, many EU countries and organizations are continuously evaluating residential building energy consumption patterns to increase the sec-tor’s overall energy performance. To that end, energy efficiency gains in EU households were measured at 1% in 2000 compared to 27.8% in 2016, a 2600% increase. Accordingly, 36 policies have been implemented successfully since 1991 across the EU targeting improvements in residential energy efficiency and reductions in energy use. Moreover, the adoption of National Energy Efficiency Actions Plans (NEEACP) across the EU have been a major driver of energy savings and energy efficiency. Most energy efficiency plans have followed a holistic multi-dimensional approach targeting the following areas, legislative actions, financial incentives, fiscal tax exemptions, and public education and awareness programs and campaigns. These measures and policy instruments have cumulatively generated significant energy savings and measurable improvements in energy performance across the EU since their inception. As a result, EU residential energy consumption trends show a consistent decrease over the past decade. The purpose of this analysis is to explore, examine, and compare the various green building and energy-related policies in the EU, highlighting some of the more robust and progressive aspects of such policies. The paper will also analyze the multiple policies and guidelines across targeted European nations. Lastly, the study will assess the status of green residential building policies in Lebanon, drawing from the comprehensive European measures, in order to recommend a comprehensive set of guidelines to advance energy policies and building practices in the country. Keywords: Building Policies; Residential Energy Patterns; Residential Energy Consumption; Energy Savings
Energy Production and Consumption Patterns: An Examination of the State of Energy, Electricity, and Air Pollution in Lebanon
Authors: Jabbour Naim
Published: October 2020

Natural resources including energy are very scarce in Lebanon. As such, the country imports more than 90% of the fuel to satisfy its energy and electricity needs (EIA), primarily fossil fuel based. Furthermore, fuel consumption is forecasted to grow over the next decade, exacerbating the reliance on foreign volatile energy sources. This paper provides an overview of the energy sector in Lebanon and its impact on air pollution. Similarly, population growth is expected to continue on a steady and consistent rate, while resources remain limited. To that end, electricity consumption is disproportionate to population growth, indicative of severe inefficiencies and waste. Furthermore, the total energy consumption per household in Lebanon far exceeded its counterparts in the EU and the US. The country’s energy production market is severely volatile and unreliable, resulting in only a 50-70% coverage of electrical needs from public governmental sources. Consequently, current public electric generation capacity is not meeting con-sumption patterns, resulting in widespread power outages, blackouts, and a heavy reliance on the unregulated” mafia-like” private generation market. Furthermore, energy consumption patterns have been increasing over the past decade and are projected to continue to grow over the next 10 years. Correspondingly, emissions patterns follow a similar trend to energy consumption pat-terns. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated a 100% of the population is exposed to pollution levels above the recommended guidelines. Moreover, governmental failure to regulate and protect the environment has severely impacted the country’s natural resources and overall environment. As such, Lebanon was ranked 5th in the 2019 Pollution Index for Country, which examined air pollution in countries worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates the levels of air pollution in Leb-anon to be at a tipping point. Furthermore, air pollution is considered the greatest threat towards the health of Lebanese citizens. The proliferation of the transportation sector, unregulated energy sector, and private diesel generators are major contributors to air pollution in the beleaguered nation. To that end, the residential sector constituted a major contributor to this pollution, account-ing for more than 30% of total energy use in the country and its associated emissions. Most of this energy is provided via liquified petroleum gas (LPG) generated electricity, a major fossil fuel. This paper explores the state of energy and electricity in Lebanon and their implications on air pollution. It also examines the state of energy use within the residential sector as it relates to overall electricity and pollution patterns. Lastly, the paper provides a sampling of alternative solutions and mechanisms to combat the electricity crisis and air pollution problems. Keywords: Energy Consumption; Electricity Generation; Residential Energy Patterns; Air Pollution
Assessing the Moisture Susceptibility at Interface of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Layers
Authors: Sarsam Saad Issa , AL Nuaimi Samah Abdulrazzaq
Published: October 2020

The asphalt concrete flexible pavement consists of many layers interconnected by tack coat binder. The resistance of the bonding tack coat to the impact of moisture that ingress through the cracks into the interface of asphalt concrete can cause premature matrix degradation of pavement structure. In this investigation, the influence of moisture susceptibility on the bond strength and horizontal deformation of three layers of asphalt concrete are assessed under repeated shear stresses. The suitability of two types of tack coat (Rapid curing cutback RC-70 and medium setting cationic emulsion CMS) to support the resistance to moisture damage have been investigated. Asphalt concrete slab specimens have been prepared with the aid of roller compactor for the typical three layers usually implemented in flexible pavement in Iraq (wearing, binder and asphalt stabilized base courses) with (12, 19.5 and 25) mm nominal maximum size of aggregate. Layers were bonded by tack coat after construction of the bottom layers. Core specimens have been obtained and subjected to moisture damage then practiced 1200 cyclic shear stresses in the Pneumatic Repeated Load System PRLS using a special manufactured mold. Control core specimens have been obtained and practiced 1200 cyclic shear stresses. Specimens were tested for bond shear strength. The bond shear strength and horizontal deformation under repeated shear stresses were analyzed and compared. It was concluded that the horizontal permanent deformation increases by a range of (4 -27) % and (2-57) % after moisture damage when RC-70 and CMS tack coat were implemented respectively at various application rates. However, the reduction in bond shear strength due to moisture damage ranges between (2-17) % and (5 -30) % for RC-70 and CMS Tack coat interfaces. CMS tack coat exhibits higher bond shear strength ratio BSSR than RC-70 tack coat for all the application rates and is recommended for use from the moisture susceptibility point of view. Keywords: Moisture Susceptibility; Interface; Asphalt Concrete; Bond Shear; Horizontal Deformation; Tack Coat;
Liquid Biopsies in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Future Prospects in Radiation Oncology
Authors: Galvis Carlos , Martinez María Caicedo
Published: October 2020

The use of liquid biopsies, based on circulating tumor cells and tumoral DNA, provides information on the molecular patterns and genomics of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. There is evidence on the role of the androgen receptor variant 7 as a prognostic and as a follow-up tool, especially as a follow-up to treatment response and resistance with Enzalutamide and Abiraterone. Little is known about the genomics of Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer and its relationship to radiation therapy’s sensibility. This is particularly relevant for patients with oligometastatic disease, who could obtain a long control of the disease with radiation. In this narrative review, we summarize the available information on liquid biopsies and Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. As radiation oncology evolves towards Genomically Adapted Radiation Dose, the role of liquid biopsies as a possible pre-treatment assessment is a future target. Nonetheless, models have been modeled after other malignancies. This highlights the need for further studies to assess the use of personalized medicine in these patients. Keywords: Radiotherapy; Prostate Cancer; Receptors Androgen; Liquid Biopsy; Precision Medicine;
Safety and Efficacy of Preoperative Embolization in Patients with hypervascularized Meningioma
Authors: Pablo Angelani , Daniela Avataneo , Pedro Giannotti
Published: October 2020

Objective: Preoperative embolization of meningiomas can facilitate their resection when they are difficult to remove. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed our experience of embolization using particulate embolic material and coil to clarify the therapeutic efficacy, safety, and risk of complication. Methods: We reviewed 50 patients who underwent embolization with particulate embolic material or with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)followed by surgical resection. For a total of 50 procedures of preoperative embolization. We analyzed the following clinical data: age, sex, tumor size pathology, complications related to embolization, and surgeon’s opinion on the intraoperative ease of debulking and blood transfusion. Embolization was performed mainly from the branches of the external carotid artery and branches of the vertebral artery. Results: No allogenic blood transfusions were needed for any patients. The surgeon had the opinion that whitening and softening of the tumor allowed for easy debulking during decompression of the tumor in most of the patients. Transient cranial nerve palsy was seen in one patient. One allergic complication occurred. Conclusion: Preoperative embolization could give us an advantage in surgery for meningioma. The procedure reduces intraoperative blood loss and operating time by softening the tumor consistency. However, we must pay attention to the possibility of embolic complications and keep the preparation of emergency craniotomy, particularly in patients with large meningiomas. Keywords: Meningioma; Embolization; Resection; Endovascular treatment; Preoperative embolization;
Characteristic of Electromagnetic Noise Based on the Theory of Multiconductor Communication Line
Authors: Ding Yibo , Zhang Kaiyan , Wang Shishan , Guo Jian
Published: October 2020

Electromagnetic noise has serious influence on the performance of electrical system. In addition, while multiconductor cable harnesses play an important role in transmitting electromagnetic energy or signal between devices of electrical system, they are also the major path to transmit electromagnetic noise. Crosstalk, as typical electromagnetic noise within multi-conductor cable harnesses, is an important factor which affects the efficiency of transmission. In this paper, the n+1 transmission lines (n=2, n>2) are taken as the object of research. Based on the theory of Multi-conductor Transmission Line (MTL), the transmission of electromagnetic noise in transmission line is studied, including noise of generating line (called G-line) and line receiving interference (called R-line), the latter called crosstalk. Transfer functions of electromagnetic noise of G-line and R-line are simulated using FEKO (FEldberechnung bei Korpern mit beliebiger Oberflache). Two transfer functions are obtained to investigate the severity of noise of G-line and R-line. The characteristics of the parameters are also studied. Simulation results indicate that transfer functions have tight relationship with the electrical length. When the electrical length is small, voltage loss of interference line along the transmission line is relatively small, so is the far-end crosstalk; however, when the electrical length is large, voltage loss and the far-end crosstalk is larger, and resonances at high frequency. Keywords: Electromagnetic noise; FEKO; electrical length;
Blower Motor 4 Poles 2 Brushes with 14 Slots Armature for Automotive Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Applications
Authors: Trinh Huu Nghia , Wilson Terry , Bui Tan Dao
Published: October 2020

This is a discussion on the method of developing a permanent magnet, 4 Pole 2 brushes DC blower motor for use in a vehicle HVAC system. By modifying the magnet orientation in terms of pole alignment, magnetic field intensity, armature winding technique, and brush alignment, the motor mass and volume is reduced 15% to 30%. These improvements are achieved without reducing motor performance, increasing motor cost or increasing motor brush noise. Keywords: 4 Poles 2 Brushes DC motor; Armature Winding; Improved Lap Winding; Weight; Performance;
Method of Far-field Electromagnetic Radiation Prediction and Suppression Based on Equivalence of Capacitance Parameters in Power Converter System
Authors: Zhengzhi Li , Kaiyan B Zhang , Shishan Wang , Jian A Guo
Published: October 2020

Electromagnetic radiation is one of the key issues in research area of EMC. This paper analyzes that common-mode (CM) current is the main noise source, and transmits through parasitic capacitances between input cables and ground, thus CM current path model (CCP) is established. Moreover, CCP is formed as equivalent prediction model of radiation (EMR) by appropriate simplification. The parasitic capacitances of EMR are extracted, and EMR is iterative designed. Furthermore, the radiation emission of two models is in good agreement. At last, ferrite magnetic ring is selected to change scattering parameter matrix, thus electromagnetic radiation can be suppressed; the recommended installation of magnetic ring is given. Keywords: Radiation; Parasitic Parameter;
Effect of disdrometer sampling area and time on the precision of precipitation rate measurement
Authors: Rees Karlie , Garrett Timothy J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Due to the discretized nature of rain, the measurement of a continuous precipitation rate by disdrometers is subject to statistical sampling errors. Here, Monte Carlo simulations are employed to obtain the precision of rain detection and rate as a function of disdrometer collection area and compared with World Meteorological Organization guidelines for a one-minute sample interval and 95 \\% probability. To meet these requirements, simulations suggest that measurements of light rain with rain rates R ≤ 0.50 mm h−1 require a collection area of at least 6 cm × 6 cm, and for R > 1 mm h−1, the minimum collection area is 10 cm × 10 cm. For R = 0.01 mm h−1, a collection area of 2 cm × 2 cm is sufficient to detect a single drop. Simulations are compared with field measurements using a new hotplate device, the Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer. The field results suggest an even larger plate may be required to meet the stated accuracy, although for reasons that remain to be determined.
Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer–prey systems
Authors: Erktan Amandine , Rillig Matthias C. , Carminati Andrea , Jousset Alexandre , Scheu Stefan
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Microbes play an essential role in soil functioning including biogeochemical
cycling and soil aggregate formation. Yet, a major challenge is to link
microbes to higher trophic levels and assess consequences for soil
functioning. Here, we aimed to assess how microbial consumers modify
microbial community composition (PLFA markers), as well as C dynamics
(microbial C use, SOC concentration and CO2 emission) and soil
aggregation. We rebuilt two simplified soil consumer–prey systems: a
bacterial-based system comprising amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellanii) feeding on a microbial
community dominated by the free-living bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and a fungal-based system
comprising collembolans (Heteromurus nitidus) grazing on a microbial community dominated by the
saprotrophic fungus Chaetomium globosum. The amoeba A. castellanii did not affect microbial biomass and
composition, but it enhanced the formation of soil aggregates and tended to
reduce their stability. Presumably, the dominance of P. fluorescens, able to produce
antibiotic toxins in response to the attack by A. castellanii, was the main cause of the
unchanged microbial community composition, and the release of bacterial
extracellular compounds, such as long-chained
polymeric substances or proteases, in reaction to predation was responsible for the changes in soil
aggregation as a side effect. In the fungal system, collembolans significantly
modified microbial community composition via consumptive and non-consumptive
effects including the transport of microbes on the body surface. As
expected, fungal biomass promoted soil aggregation and was reduced in the
presence of H. nitidus. Remarkably, we also found an unexpected contribution of
changes in bacterial community composition to soil aggregation. In both the
bacterial and fungal systems, bacterial and fungal communities mainly
consumed C from soil organic matter (rather than the litter added).
Increased fungal biomass was associated with an increased capture of C from
added litter, and the presence of collembolans levelled off this effect.
Neither amoebae nor collembolans altered SOC concentrations and CO2
production. Overall, the results demonstrated that trophic interactions are
important for achieving a mechanistic understanding of biological
contributions to soil aggregation and may occur without major changes in C
dynamics and with or without changes in the composition of the microbial
community.
Methane in the Danube Delta: The importance of spatial patterns
and diel cycles for atmospheric emission estimates
Authors: Canning Anna , Wehrli Bernhard , Körtzinger Arne
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is one of the substantial greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and its concentration has increased by ~ 4 % over the last decade. Although sources driving these increases are not well constrained, one potential contribution comes from wetlands, which are usually intertwined with rivers, channels and lakes, creating a considerable need to acquire higher resolution data to facilitate 5 modelling and predictions. Here we took a fully contained sensor set-up to obtain measurements of CO2, CH4, O2 and auxiliary parameters, installed on a houseboat for accessibility, to assess and analyse surface water concentrations within the Danube Delta, Romania. Over 3 seasons, we transected a ~ 400 km route with concentration mapping and additional stations for monitoring diel cycles. Overall, the delta was a source for CH4 throughout all seasons, with concentrations ranging between 0.113–15.6 μmol L−1. The dataset was split into three different subsystems; lakes, rivers and channels, with channels 10 showing the highest variability. We found large to extreme diel cycles in both the lakes and channels, with concentrations varying by an order of magnitude between these two systems. The observed strong diel cycle within the lake suggests daily vertical stratification allowing for macrophytes to create a temporal oxycline due to lack of light and movement between the stems as previously suggested. While throughout the day, there was a consistent overall surface concentration of CH4 at around 0.4 μmol L−1, there was a clear linear trend with an O2:CH4 molar ratio of −50:1 during the phase of nocturnal convection 15 with the two water stratified bodies mixing during the night. Daily spot sampling techniques and neglecting such diel cycles reducing the estimated average methane concentrations by 25 % and increase by 3.3 % for channels and lakes, respectively. On an individual lake basis, spot sampling can potentially incur an uncertainty range of a factor of 4.5. Analyses also included a ‘hot spot’, with a 10-fold stronger methane increase (4–15.6 μmol L−1) overnight compared to the lake, with an almost immediate and extreme decrease in CH4 following sunrise. Calculated diffusive CH4 fluxes for the overall delta yielded an 20 average of 49 ± 61 μmol m−2 h−1 corresponding to an extrapolated annual flux of 0.43 ± 0.53 μmol m−2 yr−1. Our data illustrate the importance of collecting information on diel cycles in different habitats to improve the emission estimates from wetland systems.