bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ein Kooperatives Rhodium/Sekundäres Phosphinoxid [Rh/P(O)nBu2]‐Template zur Katalytischen Hydrodefluorierung von Perfluoroarenen
Authors: Chang Wei‐Chieh , Randel Helena , Weyhermüller Thomas , Auer Alexander A. , Farès Christophe , Werlé Christophe
Published: March 2023

Die selektive Aktivierung von C‐F‐Bindungen unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen ist nach wie vor eine Herausforderung im Bereich der Bindungsaktivierung. Hier stellen wir ein kooperatives [Rh/P(O)nBu2]‐Template für die katalytische Hydrodefluorierung (HDF) von Perfluorarenen vor. Zusätzlich zu Substraten mit elektronenziehenden funktionellen Gruppen zeigte das System eine äußerst seltene Toleranz gegenüber elektronenschiebenden funktionellen Gruppen und Heterozyklen. Die hohe Chemoselektivität des Katalysators und die Möglichkeit, ihn im präparativen Maßstab einzusetzen, verdeutlichen seine Praxistauglichkeit. Empirische mechanistische Studien und eine Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT)‐Studie haben einen Rhodium(I)‐Dihydrid‐Komplex als katalytisch relevante Spezies identifiziert und die entscheidende Rolle von Phosphinoxid als kooperatives Fragment ermittelt. Insgesamt zeigen wir, dass molekulare Templates, welche auf diesen Designelementen basieren, zusammengesetzt werden können, um Katalysatoren mit erhöhter Reaktivität für anspruchsvolle Bindungsaktivierungen zu schaffen.
Ein m‐Terphenylisocyanid stabilisiert 17‐Elektronen‐Monoradikale von drei Elementen der Gruppe 7
Authors: Salsi Federico , Wang Shuai , Teutloff Christian , Busse Marvin , Neville Michael L. , Hagenbach Adelheid , Bittl Robert , Figueroa Joshua S. , Abram Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Eine erste konsistente Serie einkerniger 17‐Elektronenkomplexe von drei Elementen der Gruppe 7 wurde in kristalliner Form hergestellt und durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse sowie spektroskopische Methoden untersucht. Die paramagnetischen Verbindungen der Zusammensetzung [M0(CO)(CNp‐F‐ArDArF2)4] (M=Mn, Tc, Re; ArDArF2=2,6‐(3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3)2C6H2F)) werden durch jeweils vier sterisch anspruchsvolle Isocyanid‐Liganden stabilisiert, wodurch auch eine Dimerisierung der Metalloradikale verhindert wird. Die Verbindungen besitzen eine quadratisch‐pyramidale Struktur mit jeweils einem Carbonyl‐Liganden als Apex. EPR‐Spektren der Technetium‐ und Rheniumverbindungen zeigen eine deutliche Anisotropie mit großen 99Tc und 185,187Re‐Hyperfeinstrukturkopplungen für jeweils eine der Komponenten. Für die Bestimmung der EPR‐Parameter des entsprechenden Mn0‐Komplexes wurde Hochfeld‐EPR (Q‐Band und W‐Band) verwendet.
A Complete Triad of Zero‐Valent 17‐Electron Monoradicals of Group 7 Elements Stabilized by m‐Terphenyl Isocyanides
Authors: Salsi Federico , Wang Shuai , Teutloff Christian , Busse Marvin , Neville Michael L. , Hagenbach Adelheid , Bittl Robert , Figueroa Joshua S. , Abram Ulrich
Published: March 2023

The first consistent series of mononuclear 17‐electron complexes of three Group 7 elements has been isolated in crystalline form and studied by X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods. The paramagnetic compounds have a composition of [M0(CO)(CNp‐F‐ArDArF2)4] (M=Mn, Tc, Re; ArDArF2=2,6‐(3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3)2C6H2F) and are stabilized by four sterically encumbering isocyanides, which prevent the metalloradicals from dimerization. They have a square pyramidal structure with the carbonyl ligands as apexes. The frozen‐solution EPR spectra of the rhenium and technetium compounds are clearly anisotropic with large 99Tc and 185,187Re hyperfine interactions for one component. High‐field EPR (Q band and W band) has been applied for the elucidation of the EPR parameters of the manganese(0) complex.
Development of polyamide/polyacrylonitrile thin film composite RO membranes by interfacial polymerization assisted with an aromatic/aliphatic organic solvent mixture
Authors: Mokarinezhad Nikan , Hosseini Seyed Saeid , Nxumalo Edward Ndumiso
Published: March 2023

The proper control of polymerization is a prerequisite in fabrication of thin film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. But it not trivial when hydrophilic substrates are used. Herein, we report an innovative approach which involves using an aromatic/aliphatic solvent mixture of toluene and n‐hexane as the organic phase for interfacial polymerization. Membranes were tuned by using a customized developed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate and exploring the impacts of organic solvent and curing temperatures on their morphology and performance characteristics. Results revealed that increasing the temperature of organic phase to 20°C improved salt rejection significantly to 98.6% with the flux of 16.1 LMH. However, its further increase to 30°C was not beneficial due to formation of a looser chain packing which led to rejection drop. In addition, raising curing temperature to 90°C was not favorable due to transformation of surface morphology from ridge‐and‐valley to nodular structure, accompanied with defective sites at the selective layer and insufficient degree of crosslinking evidenced by declines in both flux and rejection to 11.1 LMH and 83.4%, respectively. Overall, the findings suggested that an optimal performance could be obtained by using a solvent mixture of toluene/n‐hexane (1,1) and setting organic solvent and curing temperatures to 20 and 70°C, respectively.
Quantifying the hybrid flow and aperture forming of liquid metals immersed in NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Lei , Liu Jing
Published: March 2023

Liquid metal (LM) immersed in solutions exhibited profound fluidic phenomena under various working situations. With persistent research endeavor, a growing number of intriguing phenomena along this direction have been increasingly disclosed. Among the many critical issues, quantifying the hybrid flow of LMs and surrounding solutions often encounters tough challenges due to the large property differences between the two fluids, including density, electrical and fluidic characteristics, and so forth. Especially, when the electromagnetic field is involved, the problems would become ever complicated. In this article, to characterize the hybrid fluids of LM and NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field (RMF), we established a coupled three‐dimensional model considering magnetic effect on the two‐phase flow. The computational prediction of the model was validated through comparing the simulated morphological features of LM with the experimental measurements at different rotational speeds of magnetic field. Finally, two phenomena were revealed with potential applications interpreted: (1) LM would accelerate the solution due to their difference in viscosity; (2) an asymmetric flow and tunable hole formation under RMF will occur due to the surface tension redistribution on LM. The present works are expected to provide reliable guidance for quantifying the multiphase flow behaviors of hybrid fluids composed of LM and other liquids. The revealed hole size dominated LM aperture is especially useful for developing future smart optical switch and electromagnetic shielding devices.
pH‐ and Temperature‐responsive Hydrogels Based on Tertiary Amine‐modified Polypeptides for Stimuli‐responsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Lin Zhiqiang , Ding Junfeng , Chen Xuesi , He Chaoliang
Published: March 2023

pH‐ and temperature‐responsive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their responsiveness to dual physiologically‐relevant stimuli. In this study, we developed stimuli‐responsive hydrogels based on monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)‐polypeptide block copolymers containing various tertiary amine pendants (EEP‐TAs). The EEP‐TAs were synthesized via ring‐opening copolymerization of α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides, and further modified post‐polymerization with click chemistry. The EEP‐TAs exhibited an α‐helix‐to‐β‐sheet transition when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 7.4. At elevated polymer concentrations, aqueous solutions of the EEP‐TAs underwent thermo‐induced sol–gel phase transitions, which were dependent on the pH. The hydrogels almost fully degraded within 3 weeks in the subcutaneous layer of mice and exhibited good histocompatibility in vivo. Additionally, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded hydrogels exhibited pH‐responsive drug release profiles in vitro, which were composed of rapid release at acidic pH and more sustained release at neutral pH. Thus, these polypeptide hydrogels hold potential as depots for environment‐responsive delivery of therapeutic agents.
The hyperluminous X‐ray source population
Authors: MacKenzie A. D. A. , Roberts T. P. , Walton D. J.
Published: March 2023

We have recently published a catalog of 1843 candidate ultraluminous X‐ray sources (ULXs). This is the largest catalog of ULXs to date and was built by cross‐correlating recent serendipitous source catalogs from the XMM‐Newton, Swift, and Chandra observatories with a large sample of galaxies, primarily from HyperLEDA. The catalog contains 71 hyperluminous X‐ray source (HLX) candidates, the most extreme members of the ULX population with luminosities above 1041 erg s−1. These sources are often considered the best candidates for intermediate‐mass black hole (IMBH) accretors and include the archetypal IMBH candidate ESO 243–49 HLX‐1. However, the most luminous of the known pulsating ULXs, NGC 5907 ULX1, is also an HLX at its brightest. We demonstrate that these two objects occupy distinct areas of the hardness‐intensity parameter space, and use this to contextualize the results from a pilot study of three data‐rich examples of the 42 HLXs we select as the best candidates based on their multi‐wavelength counterparts and X‐ray data quality. We briefly discuss the implications of this work.
Tunnel‐Type Na2Ti6O13@Carbon Nanowires as Anode Materials for Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lai Qing‐Song , Mu Jian‐Jia , Liu Zhao‐Meng , Zhao Lu‐Kang , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Yang Dong‐Run , Chen Hong , Luo Wen‐Bin
Published: March 2023

Economical efficient anode materials play an important role in low‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Tunnel‐type structured Na2Ti6O13@C nanowires were synthesized and utilized as anode material for low‐temperature SIBs. The appropriate interlayer spacing for sodium ion insertion and short diffusion pathway can accelerate the sodium ion kinetics and decrease the apparent activation energy at low temperature. The diffusion apparent activation energy and activation energy for Na2Ti6O13@C were calculated to be 42.0 kJ mol−1 and 15.3 kJ mol−1 with the sodium ion diffusion coefficients about 10−12 cm2 s−1. The Na2Ti6O13@C nanowires exhibit a high reversible capacity of 100 mAh g−1 at 0 °C with 99.6 % retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. Coupling with the sodium vanadium phosphate as cathode, the assembled Na2Ti6O13@C||NVP full‐cell can keep a 65 % capacity retention after 175 cycles at 0 °C. This work presents that Na2Ti6O13@C nanowires can be an ideal type of anode active materials for low‐temperature SIBs.
Advances in medical treatment of advanced hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer in 2022
Authors: Zhang Le , Liu Rui , Deng Ting , Ba Yi
Published: March 2023

This article summarizes the drug therapy progress of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, biliary tract cancer, and pancreatic cancer in 2022, including chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to provide reference information for current clinical treatment and future clinical research, and to better improve prognosis and quality of life in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer.
Identification of a copper metabolism‐related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune response in glioma
Authors: Li Ling , Leng Wenyuan , Chen Junying , Li Shaoying , Lei Bingxi , Zhang Huasong , Zhao Huiying
Published: March 2023

Background

Gliomas are highly refractory intracranial cancers characterized by genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity. However, therapeutic options are limited. In the last years, copper‐induced cell death is becoming a prospective treatment strategy for gliomas and other solid tumors, but copper metabolism‐related genes associated with cancer development remain unclear.

Methods

We first collected gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify significantly differentially expressed copper metabolism‐related genes in gliomas. Using these genes, we performed COX regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to construct the prognostic model. The prognostic value of the model was further validated by CGGA testing set. Subsequently, functional analyses were carried out, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, and mutation analysis. Finally, the expression levels of these genes were verified by immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

The prognostic model consisted of 7 genes: CDK1, LOXL2, LOXL3, NFE2L2, SLC31A1, SUMF1 and FDX1. According to this prognosis model, glioma patients could be split into the high‐risk group or low‐risk group, and the low‐risk group showed significantly better prognostic survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, the high‐risk group had higher levels of immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes expression, and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), which indicates that they might benefit more from immunotherapy. Finally, we confirmed the expression level of FDX1, SUMF1, and SLC31A1 protein as significantly different in glioblastoma, lower‐grade glioma, and non‐tumor brain tissues by immunohistochemical analysis, and the high expression of FDX1 and SLC31A1 protein was related to poor survival in glioma patients.

Conclusions

Our study could contribute to the prognosis prediction and decision‐making in patients with gliomas.
Facile Electrochemical Preparation of Hydrophobic Antibacterial Fabrics Using Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Jafari Behnaz , Lacerda Carla M. R. , Botte Gerardine G.
Published: March 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover are Behnaz Jafari and Prof. Botte from the research group Chemical and Electrochemical Innovation and Technology Laboratory, Texas Tech University in collaboration with Dr. Lacerda from University of Texas at Tyler. The Front Cover shows schematically the in‐situ electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide and electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles on the fabric. The reduced graphene oxide/silver‐coated fabrics demonstrated electroconductivity, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial activity with a controlled release of silver ions which makes their antibacterial effect durable. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202201111.
Photoluminescent Properties and Mechanism of Novel Cyanine‐Borondifluoride Curcuminoid Hybrids as Red‐to‐Near Infrared and Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Targeting Dyes
Authors: Gong Shan‐Shan , Chen Li‐Li , Du Ke , Yin Yuwen , Yang Rui‐Xue , Shi Rongwei , Peterson Blake R. , Feng Fude , Sun Qi
Published: March 2023

Synthesis‐oriented design led us to the discovery of a series of novel cyanine‐borondifluoride curcuminoid hybrids called Nanchang Red (NCR) dyes that overcome the intrinsic low synthetic yields of symmetrical cyanine‐difluoroboronate (BF2)‐hybridized NIR dyes. The hybridization endows NCR dyes with high molar extinction coefficients, efficient red‐to‐NIR emission, and enlarged Stokes shifts. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the asymmetrical layout of the three key electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating fragments results in a special pattern of partial charge separation and inconsistent degrees of charge delocalization on their π‐conjugated backbones. While the nature of the hemicyanine fragment exerts significant influence on the excitation modes of NCR dyes, the borondifluoride hemicurcuminoid fragment is the major contributor to the enlarged Stokes shifts. Cell imaging experiments illustrated that a subtle change in the N‐heterocycle of the hemicyanine fragment has a remarkable effect on the subcellular localization of NCR dyes. Unlike other previously reported cyanine‐BF2 hybridized dyes, which mainly target mitochondria, the benzothiazole and indole‐based NCR dyes accumulate in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets of HeLa cells, whereas the benzoxazole and quinoline‐based NCR dyes stain the ER specifically.
Zebrafish null mutants of Sept6 and Sept15 are viable but more susceptible to Shigella infection
Authors: Torraca Vincenzo , Bielecka Magdalena K. , Gomes Margarida C. , Brokatzky Dominik , Busch‐Nentwich Elisabeth M. , Mostowy Serge
Published: March 2023

Septins are evolutionarily conserved GTP‐binding proteins known for their roles in cell division and host defence against Shigella infection. Although septin group members are viewed to function as hetero‐oligomeric complexes, the role of individual septins within these complexes or in isolation is poorly understood. Decades of work using mouse models has shown that some septins (including SEPT7) are essential for animal development, while others (including SEPT6) are dispensable, suggesting that some septins may compensate for the absence of others. The zebrafish genome encodes 19 septin genes, representing the full complement of septin groups described in mice and humans. In this report, we characterise null mutants for zebrafish Sept6 (a member of the SEPT6 group) and Sept15 (a member of the SEPT7 group) and test their role in zebrafish development and host defence against Shigella infection. We show that null mutants for Sept6 and Sept15 are both viable, and that expression of other zebrafish septins are not significantly affected by their mutation. Consistent with previous reports using knockdown of Sept2, Sept7b, and Sept15, we show that Sept6 and Sept15 are required for host defence against Shigella infection. These results highlight Shigella infection of zebrafish as a powerful system to study the role of individual septins in vivo.
Chiral Amine Catalyzed Reductive Aldol/Reductive Michael Addition Cascade Towards Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzannulated Diquinanes
Authors: Midya Abhisek , Devidas Khalse Laxman , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: March 2023

Disclosed here an amine‐catalyzed reductive aldol‐condensation followed by an intramolecular reductive Michael‐addition cascade employing Hantzsch ester as hydride source to a keto‐bis‐enone to provide enantio‐ and diastereoselective benzannulated diquinanes having three consecutive stereocenters, one of which is an all‐carbon quaternary formyl stereocenter. Interestingly, on changing a tether connecting the ketone and an enone moiety from an aliphatic to an aromatic, a change in reactivity is observed. In this case, instead of the above‐mentioned reductive aldol condensation, an asymmetric aldol reaction occurs, followed by an iminium/enamine isomerization and, finally diastereoselective Michael addition reaction occurs. As a result, a bis‐benzannulated diquinane is obtained with vicinal congested quaternary chiral centers.
C2‐Cyanomethyl (CNMe) Ether‐Protected Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidate Donors for Stereoselective β‐O‐Glycosylations
Authors: Rahaman Molla Mosidur , Thakur Rima , Aghi Anjali , Kumar Amit
Published: March 2023

Stereoselective construction of glycosidic linkages have emerged as one of the pivotal aspects for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharide assemblies. We herein report C2‐cyanomethyl (CNMe) ether as a strong stereodirecting group on trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors for the synthesis of 1,2‐trans‐β‐O‐glycosides. The developed donors bearing various arming and disarming protections along with C2‐CNMe ether delivered the glycosides in short reaction time, moderate to good yields and high to excellent stereoselectivities.Gluco‐ andgalacto‐ configured donors were found compatible with an array of alcohols having varied reactivities. The orthogonality of the CNMe ether protection with silyl ether group has been further explored for sequential glycosylations.
Rapid and transient evolution of local adaptation to seasonal host fruits in an invasive pest fly
Authors: Olazcuaga Laure , Foucaud Julien , Deschamps Candice , Loiseau Anne , Claret Jean-Loup , Vedovato Romain , Guilhot Robin , Sévely Cyril , Gautier Mathieu , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Rode Nicolas O. , Estoup Arnaud
Published: March 2023

Both local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity can influence the match between phenotypic traits and local environmental conditions. Theory predicts that environments stable for multiple generations promote local adaptation, whereas highly heterogeneous environments favor adaptive phenotypic plasticity. However, when environments have periods of stability mixed with heterogeneity, the relative importance of local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity is unclear. Here, we used Drosophila suzukii as a model system to evaluate the relative influence of genetic and plastic effects on the match of populations to environments with periods of stability from three to four generations. This invasive pest insect can develop within different fruits, and persists throughout the year in a given location on a succession of distinct host fruits, each one being available for only a few generations. Using reciprocal common environment experiments of natural D. suzukii populations collected from cherry, strawberry, and blackberry, we found that both oviposition preference and offspring performance were higher on medium made with the fruit from which the population originated than on media made with alternative fruits. This pattern, which remained after two generations in the laboratory, was analyzed using a statistical method we developed to quantify the contributions of local adaptation and adaptive plasticity in determining fitness. Altogether, we found that genetic effects (local adaptation) dominate over plastic effects (adaptive phenotypic plasticity). Our study demonstrates that spatially and temporally variable selection does not prevent the rapid evolution of local adaptation in natural populations. The speed and strength of adaptation may be facilitated by several mechanisms including a large effective population size and strong selective pressures imposed by host plants.
Experimental evolution of environmental tolerance, acclimation, and physiological plasticity in a randomly fluctuating environment
Authors: Rescan Marie , Leurs Nicolas , Grulois Daphné , Chevin Luis-Miguel
Published: March 2023

Environmental tolerance curves, representing absolute fitness against the environment, are an empirical assessment of the fundamental niche, and emerge from the phenotypic plasticity of underlying phenotypic traits. Dynamic plastic responses of these traits can lead to acclimation effects, whereby recent past environments impact current fitness. Theory predicts that higher levels of phenotypic plasticity should evolve in environments that fluctuate more predictably, but there have been few experimental tests of these predictions. Specifically, we still lack experimental evidence for the evolution of acclimation effects in response to environmental predictability. Here, we exposed 25 genetically diverse populations of the halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella salina to different constant salinities, or to randomly fluctuating salinities, for over 200 generations. The fluctuating treatments differed in their autocorrelation, which determines the similarity of subsequent values, and thus environmental predictability. We then measured acclimated tolerance surfaces, mapping population growth rate against past (acclimation) and current (assay) environments. We found that experimental mean and variance in salinity caused the evolution of niche position (optimal salinity) and breadth, with respect to not only current but also past (acclimation) salinity. We also detected weak but significant evidence for evolutionary changes in response to environmental predictability, with higher predictability leading notably to lower optimal salinities and stronger acclimation effect of past environment on current fitness. We further showed that these responses are related to the evolution of plasticity for intracellular glycerol, the major osmoregulatory mechanism in this species. However, the direction of plasticity evolution did not match simple theoretical predictions. Our results underline the need for a more explicit consideration of the dynamics of environmental tolerance and its underlying plastic traits to reach a better understanding of ecology and evolution in fluctuating environments.
RSM and fuzzy modeling approach for optimization of extraction of antioxidant compounds from Asparagus racemosus roots
Authors: Singh Akshay K. , Kumar Vivek , Singh Karunakar , Fatima Sumaiya
Published: March 2023

This research work was carried out to explore the influence of extraction methods on the extraction of antioxidant from Asparagus racemosus roots. The microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method was more efficient as compared with continuous shaking extraction (CSE) method in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) content in the ethanolic extract of A. racemosus roots. Box–Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize MAE method for three process parameters viz. solvent concentration (SC: 40%–90% v/v), extraction time (ET: 10–30 min), and microwave power (MP: 360–720 W). Model fitness of the experimental data was determined by multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. The optimum targeted parameters were obtained as 65% v/v SC, 23 min ET, and 560 W MP, and the corresponding responses TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP, and TAC were found to be 9.377 mg GAE/g, 177.03 mg QE/g, 65.70%, 193.35 mM Fe+2/g, and 496.97 mg AAE/g with a desirability of 0.95. Fuzzy modeling with Mamdani‐type fuzzy inference was also utilized to obtain the most optimal conditions for specified process parameters and responses under the set of rules for process parameters and responses. The estimated results of responses by both RSM and fuzzy model showed good agreement with the experimental values.
Interpolation‐based parametric model order reduction of automotive brake systems for frequency‐domain analyses
Authors: Matter Fabian , Iroz Igor , Eberhard Peter
Published: March 2023

Brake squeal describes noise with different frequencies that can be emitted during the braking process. Typically, the frequencies are in the range of 1 to 16 kHz. Although the noise has virtually no effect on braking performance, strong attempts are made to identify and eliminate the noise as it can be very unpleasant and annoying. In the field of numerical simulation, the brake is typically modeled using the Finite Element method, and this results in a high‐dimensional equation of motion. For the analysis of brake squeal, gyroscopic and circulatory effects, as well as damping and friction, must be considered correctly. For the subsequent analysis, the high‐dimensional damped nonlinear equation system is linearized. This results in terms that are non‐symmetric and dependent on the rotational frequency of the brake rotor. Many parameter points to be evaluated implies many evaluations to determine the relevant parameters of the unstable system. In order to increase the efficiency of the process, the system is typically reduced with a truncated modal transformation. However, with this method the damping and the velocity‐dependent terms, which have a significant influence on the system, are neglected for the calculation of the eigenmodes, and this can lead to inaccurate reduced models. In this paper, we present results of other methods of model order reduction applied on an industrial high‐dimensional brake model. Using moment matching methods combined with parametric model order reduction, both the damping and the various parameter‐dependent terms of the brake model can be taken into account in the reduction step. Thus, better results in the frequency domain can be obtained. On the one hand, as usual in brake analysis, the complex eigenvalues are evaluated, but on the other hand also the transfer behavior in terms of the frequency response. In each case, the classical and the new reduction method are compared with each other.
Investigating the relationship between right ventricular size and function with pre‐eclampsia: A two‐group cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alimi Hedieh , Fazlinejad Afsoon , Emadzadeh Maryam , Abouzari Milad
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

Pre‐eclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by symptoms of high blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy. It is associated with many complications and maternal and fetal mortality. This disorder may be associated with many cardiovascular complications and affect the function of the heart. Therefore, in this study, the structure and function of the right ventricle (RV) in patients with pre‐eclampsia have been investigated using echocardiography.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad. Thirty‐two pregnant women, whose gestational age was 20 weeks or more, were considered as the case group after evaluating blood pressure and confirming proteinuria and pre‐eclampsia. Thirty‐two healthy pregnant women were also included in the study as a control group. The function of the RV was evaluated using two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.

Results

Investigating the results of the study shows that in pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, RV fractional area change, and RV strain indices have decreased significantly compared with healthy pregnant women (p < 0.05). Also, the statistical analysis shows that no significant differences were observed in the two groups in terms of echocardiographic indicesE,A,É,E/É,É/Á,E/A, pulmonary artery pressure, Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion, right ventricular diameter, and left ventricle mass index.

Conclusion

According to the results of the study, it can be generally said that pre‐eclampsia may be associated with changes in the function and echocardiographic indices of the RV and may result in cardiac complications.
Hybrid high‐ and low‐molecular weight chains of hyaluronan is an effective modality treatment for increasing female sexual satisfaction: An interventional, randomized‐control parallel study
Authors: Mohammed Ghada F. , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed S.
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

Psychological, behavioral, hormonal, surgical, and psychopharmacologic approaches are the only acknowledged treatments for Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD). The study is conducted to assess the efficacy of hybrid cooperative complexes of high and low molecular weight hyaluronan (hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA) in treating females with varying of sexual dysfunction and to assess the female genital self‐image scale (FGSIS), female sexual function index (FSFI), and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) before and after treatment.

Methods

Sixty female patients were divided into two groups. The study group enrolled 30 female patients injected with hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA, while the control group enrolled 30 female patients injected with saline. Patients were recruited from the clinic searching for medical advice. Controls were selected from close associates of the cases who were attending with the patients or healthy escorts of dermatology patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic. We assessed socio‐demographic, clinical evaluation, the (FGSIS), (FSFI), and (DLQI) before and after treatment. The first assessment was conducted at the first visit, and the second assessment was conducted after 1 month of the second injection.

Result

Significant increase in the frequency of sexual intercourse/week in the study group after the first and second injection sessions compared to the controls was observed (p < 0.05). There was statistically significant amelioration in desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction domains, and total score of the FSFI (p ≤ 0.05). The study demonstrated significant increasing differences in all domains of the FGSIS (p ≤ 0.05). The symptoms and feelings, leisure, personal relationships, and total scores were significantly higher post first and second injection of (hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA) sessions compared to the controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The (hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA) injection for rejuvenating the genital area appears to be a safe and effective way to enhance female genital self‐image, sexuality, and quality of life with high levels of satisfaction as a minimally invasive method.
Revealing the importance of suppressing formation of lithium hydride and hydrogen in Li anode protection
Authors: Xu Gaojie , Du Xiaofan , Zhang Shenghang , Li Jiedong , Dong Shanmu , Hu Zhiwei , Cui Guanglei
Published: March 2023

The reviving of the “Holy Grail” lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is greatly hindered by severe parasitic reactions between Li anode and electrolytes. Herein, first, we comprehensively summarize the failure mechanisms and protection principles of the Li anode. Wherein, despite being in dispute, the formation of lithium hydride (LiH) is demonstrated to be one of the most critical factors for Li anode pulverization. Secondly, we trace the research history of LiH at electrodes of lithium batteries. In LMBs, LiH formation is suggested to be greatly associated with the generation of H2 from Li/electrolyte intrinsic parasitic reactions, and these intrinsic reactions are still not fully understood. Finally, density functional theory calculations reveal that H2 adsorption ability of representative Li anode protective species (such as LiF, Li3N, BN, Li2O, and graphene) is much higher than that of Li and LiH. Therefore, as an important supplement of well‐known lithiophilicity theory/high interfacial energy theory and three key principles (mechanical stability, uniform ion transport, and chemical passivation), we propose that constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer enriched of components with much higher H2 adsorption ability than Li will serve as an effective principle for Li anode protection. In summary, suppressing formation of LiH and H2 will be very important for cycle life enhancement of practical LMBs.
Associations between the polymorphisms of main components in PI3K/Akt pathway and risk of diabetic kidney disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Hang , Guo Congcong , Zhang Jing , Xu Lusi , Jiang Shan , Guo Siyi , Sheng Qiqi , Zhao Junyu , Liao Lin
Published: March 2023

Aims

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication frequently associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relevance of PI3K/Akt pathway polymorphisms and DKD susceptibility by a meta‐analysis.

Methods

Case–control studies related to the relationship between PI3K/Akt pathway polymorphisms and DKD risk were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SINOMED, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Statistical analysis and heterogeneity test were conducted by Review Manager 5.4.

Results

Totally, 52 eligible studies were enrolled, including seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for four genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway (GNB3: rs5443; eNOS: rs1799983, rs869109213, rs2070744; IL‐6: rs1800795, rs1800796; TNFα: rs1800629). The “M” allele of eNOS rs1799983 was related to the increased risk of DKD under random effects model, especially in Asian population (Overall:M vs. W: I2 = 75%, OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.07–1.56; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 75%, OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.21–1.86). The “M” allele of eNOS rs869109213 was implicated with higher prevalence of DKD under random effects model, especially in Asian population (Overall:M vs. W: I2 = 63%, OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.22–1.68; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 50%, OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.16–1.58; MM vs. WM + WW: I2 = 59%, OR = 2.20, 95%CI 1.41–3.43). The “M” allele of eNOS rs2070744 was implicated with higher prevalence of DKD under random effects model, especially in Indian population (Overall: M vs. W: I2 = 47%, OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.15–1.59; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 45%, OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.07–1.62; MM vs. WM + WW: I2 = 65%, OR = 2.29, 95%CI 1.39–3.77). The “M” allele of IL‐6 rs1800796 was predominately associated with higher DKD risks under random effects model, especially in Asian population (Overall: M versus W: I2 = 23%, OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.21–1.84; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 1%, OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.15–1.77; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 71%, OR = 2.77, 95%CI 1.09–7.06).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis indicated that polymorphisms in the PI3K/Akt pathway in eNOS rs1799983, rs869109213, rs2070744, and IL‐6 rs1800796 were related to the increased risk of DKD.
Efficacy of competing stimulus assessments: A summary of 35 consecutively encountered cases
Authors: Laureano Brianna , Fernandez Nathalie , Hagopian Louis P.
Published: March 2023

Competing stimulus assessments (CSAs) are designed to identify stimuli that reduce challenging behavior through competition with its maintaining reinforcers. Recently, Haddock and Hagopian (2020) found that over 92% of CSAs described in published studies identified at least one high‐competition stimulus (i.e., a stimulus correlated with at least an 80% reduction in challenging behavior). The current study describes the outcomes of CSAs in a retrospective consecutive controlled case series study of 35 cases (individuals) admitted to an inpatient setting. Findings on the limited relation between the level of stimulus engagement and reductions in challenging behavior were replicated; however, the efficacy of CSAs was lower (only 47% of CSAs were successful in identifying one or more high‐competition stimuli). Discrepant findings across studies on the efficacy of CSAs are discussed in terms of differences in the sample participants and how outcomes are reported, which vary depending on the study's research questions.
Synthesis and structural characterization of monomeric aluminum keto‐imine complexes: Catalytic activity toward CO2/styrene oxide coupling and ε‐caprolactone ring opening polymerization
Authors: Lin Yu‐Wei , Su Yu‐Chia , Ko Bao‐Tsan , Datta Amitabha , Huang Jui‐Hsien
Published: March 2023

A series of benzoylacetone‐imine ligands, PhCOCHCMeNHR (L1H, R = CH2Ph; L2H, R = CH2Ph‐4‐Me; and L3H, R = CH2Ph‐4‐OMe), are first synthesized following the condensation of benzoylacetone and 4‐substituted benzylamine. Later, reacting L1H–L3H with one equivalent of AlMe3 in toluene, the monomeric Al derivatives are generated, (PhCOCHCMeNR)AlMe2 (1, R = CH2Ph; 2, R = CH2Ph‐4‐Me; 3, R = CH2Ph‐4‐OMe). All the ligands and metal derivatives are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the geometry of all ligands and complex 2. As supporting catalysts, the Al derivatives, 1–3, are effective to initiate the coupling of CO2 and styrene oxide to form cyclic carbonates. Although employing TBAI (tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide), TBAC, tetrabutylammonium chloride, and TBAB (tetra butyl ammonium bromide) as cocatalyst, the optimized catalytic system exhibits the best conversion of epoxide in presence of TBAI under the reaction temperature and time, respectively, 90°C and 6 hr, respectively. The ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone is also appraised subjecting the Al derivatives, 1–3, as catalysts in presence of benzyl alcohol and all the conversions of ε‐caprolactone reach over 95% at the reaction condition of 100°C and 1 hr.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Modeling Analyses of Golimumab in Children and Young Adults With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lee Jong Bong , Zhou Wangda , Xu Zhenhua , Hedrick Joseph A. , Leu Jocelyn H.
Published: March 2023

Golimumab was recently evaluated in a phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study (T1GER study) for safety and efficacy in children and young adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Golimumab showed significant treatment effect where endogenous insulin production was preserved and clinical and metabolic parameters were improved. The objective of this report was to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data from the T1GER study by developing a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and performing exposure‐response (ER) analyses. The PopPK model was developed using data from the T1D study and 2 other pediatric studies with golimumab in ulcerative colitis and in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination was applied to describe the concentration‐time profiles. Typical parameters normalized to the values in subjects with a standard weight of 70 kg were apparent clearance, 0.850 L/day; apparent volume of distribution, 16.0 L; and absorption rate constant, 1.01/day. From the ER analyses, no clear trends were observed for changes in both C‐peptide area under the concentration‐time curve and hemoglobin A1c levels for the relatively narrow exposure ranges following the body surface area–based dosing regimen used in this study. In conclusion, the developed PopPK model was able to adequately describe the observed PK of golimumab in patients with T1D. Although golimumab showed significant treatment effect, the ER analyses did not show clear trends within the active treatment group, which may indicate that the exposure from this T1D‐specific dosing regimen was at the plateau of the ER curve.
Derivatives use and the risk‐taking behaviour of African banks
Authors: Bekale Audrey Nguema , Alagidede Imhotep Paul , Odei‐Mensah Jones
Published: March 2023

Evidence has been presented that banks typically maintain risk‐exacerbating derivatives positions. Within the context of African economies, this paper focuses on the impact of derivatives activities on the risk‐taking impulse of banks. It also examines the risk‐taking impulse resulting from banks' business lending efficiency. Estimation was carried out using standard ROA—and ROE—based idiosyncratic risk metrics and two‐stage least squares regression. Results indicate unsustainable levels of banking stability and increased risk‐taking. The banks exhibit hazardous behaviour in the current climate of the rapid transformation of the banking systems, calling for regulatory vigilance to limit imprudent actions. [Correction added on 17 March 2023, after first online publication: This version has been updated with a truncated abstract as supplied by the author.]
内視鏡的除去が有効であった鉄徐放錠過量内服の1例(Effectiveness of endoscopy in managing sustained iron release preparation overdose)
Authors: 明子 富田 , 望 井上 , 信喜 塩谷 , 祐己 塚本 , 光司 硲 , 康夫 七戸
Published: March 2023

鉄剤は鉄欠乏貧血などでしばしば処方されるが，自傷目的に過量内服されることがある。服薬量が少なくても重篤化する場合があり症例の蓄積が必要である。今回，硫化鉄徐放錠を過量服薬したが内視鏡的除去により重症化を防ぎえたと考えられる症例を経験したので報告する。症例は20歳代の女性。近医で処方されていた硫化鉄徐放錠22錠（鉄2,310mg）を一気に服用した。約4時間後に嘔気と上腹部痛を呈し救急車で来院した。鉄摂取量は50mg/kgで，搬入時の血清鉄濃度（以下，SIC）は386µg/dLと軽度高値を示した。救急外来で撮像した腹部単純レントゲン写真で胃内に多数の錠剤を認めたため，内視鏡的除去後にキレート剤を投与した。SICは経時的に低下し第2病日退院した。鉄中毒では最大SICや鉄摂取量が中毒症状に関連するとされ，服薬後4～6時間程度の最大SICを確認する必要がある。SICの測定が不可能な状況では，鉄摂取量や，意識，循環，消化器症状などの臨床症状，胃内の薬剤残存状況などから重症度を判断する。鉄の排泄経路は限られており，重篤となる可能性がある場合には積極的に消化管除染やキレートを行う必要がある。徐放性鉄剤は服薬後6～12時間で最大SICに達する。本症例は内服から5時間後の腹部単純レントゲン写真で未吸収の薬剤が胃内に残存しており，内視鏡的除去を行うことで以後の血中濃度上昇を抑え，重症化を防いだと考える。
Biological pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for the production of fungal laccase and bacterial cellulase
Authors: Abbas Mustansir , Ejaz Uroosa , Shafique Maryam , Naz Sehar A. , Sohail Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a promising source of appreciable quantities of fermentable sugars. However, the presence of lignin hinders utilization of these carbohydrates and hence pretreatment to remove lignin is necessarily carried out. Here, a biological pretreatment method was synchronized with the production of a thermostable cellulase using SB as a raw material. Initially, bagasse was fermented by a laccase producing fungus, Trametes pubescens MB 89 under solid state fermentation (SSF) and a titer of 1758 IU mL−1 of laccase was obtained. Investigations of nine factors affecting laccase production through Plackett Burman design improved the titers to 6539 IU mL−1. Five factors (incubation period, concentration of CuSO4, temperature, moisture content, and particle size) were found significant which were optimized through Central Composite design leading to an improvement in the titers by ~5 folds (8841 IU mL−1). Biologically pretreated SB was fermented by a thermophilic bacterium, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25, that yielded 8.64 IU mL−1 of cellulase. Delignification and cellulose utilization were affirmed by structural analysis through FTIR and SEM. The synchronized process yielded higher titers of laccase and cellulase under SSF of SB with the minimum use of corrosive chemicals.
Mineral elements and their relation to anthocyanin content in pigmented rice plants using definitive screening design and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Bennett Chonlada , Funsueb Sujitra , Kittiwachana Sila , Sookwong Phumon , Mahatheeranont Sugunya
Published: March 2023

Background

Mineral elements are nutrients required by an organism to perform functions necessary for survival. Stress‐induced metabolism following nutritional stress has been reported to increase levels of anthocyanin. However, the role of mineral elements commonly found in soil and their contribution to the accumulation of anthocyanin content in rice plants is uncertain.

Result

Amongst the ten mineral elements investigated, the cultivation of rice plants in clean sand showed that the Mg‐, Se‐, and Cu‐treated plants had the highest accumulated anthocyanin content in the leaves, whereas B, Cr, and Se had the greatest effect on grains. Yield component data showed major positive effects from Mg, Cr, and B. The interaction of Zn*Se and Mg*Cu positively affected the anthocyanin content in grains. The self‐organizing map indicated that the total anthocyanin content was relatively proportional to the concentration of Mn, B, and Cr, but disproportional to that of Se. However, rice plants with added Fe produced the smallest amount of total anthocyanin content, less than the control, in the four stages of rice growth.

Conclusion

The appropriate concentrations of mineral elements in soil could promote the proliferation of anthocyanin content in rice plants and grains. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.