bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FITOTERÁPICOS NA AMAMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Ivano Léa Rita Pestana Ferreira Mello , De Freitas João Fábio , Francisco Itayara Amanny Botelho
Published: August 2023

A amamentação é um período crucial para o desenvolvimento e saúde do lactente, bem como para o bem-estar da mãe. O uso de fitoterápicos tem se tornado uma opção popular para auxiliar no alívio de desconfortos durante a amamentação. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar a literatura disponível sobre o uso de fitoterápicos durante a amamentação, abordando sua segurança e eficácia. Após a busca e seleção dos estudos, foram analisados os resultados encontrados, destacando-se as plantas medicinais mais utilizadas e os efeitos relatados. Embora existam evidências preliminares dos benefícios dos fitoterápicos durante a amamentação, mais estudos são necessários para uma melhor compreensão de sua eficácia e segurança. É essencial que as mães consultem profissionais de saúde qualificados antes de utilizar fitoterápicos durante a amamentação.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO FARMACÊUTICO CLÍNICO NA UTI E SUA PARTICIPAÇÃO NA EQUIPE MULTIDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Almeida Marcos Lima , Almeida Mateus Lima , Cabral Ayara Almeida Souza , Souza Luísa Vitória de Sá Carneiro , Da Silva Neto Manoel Rodrigues , De Sousa Francisca Lilene , De Araújo Fabrícia Silva , Angelim Josiane Cavalcante
Published: August 2023

Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que teve como objetivo avaliar a relevância do farmacêutico clínico nas intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas na UTI e sua participação na equipe multidisciplinar, destacando sua contribuição essencial na prática clínica, redução de despesas, aprimoramento do atendimento ao paciente e garantia de segurança no uso de medicamentos. A metodologia empregada foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo. A busca de artigos científicos foi realizada em bases de dados do PubMed, Scielo e Google acadêmico, utilizando combinações estratégicas de palavras-chaves no período de 2018 a 2022. Os resultados destacam a importância do farmacêutico clínico em equipes multidisciplinares, contribuindo para a melhoria da farmacoterapia em pacientes críticos e a redução dos riscos associados à polifarmácia. A integração do farmacêutico na UTI resulta em maior adesão às intervenções, segurança na terapêutica, redução de tempo de internação e prevenção de problemas relacionados a medicamentos. Concluiu-se que o farmacêutico clínico é essencial na UTI, desempenhando um papel fundamental na qualidade do tratamento e no uso adequado de medicamentos. Sua atuação multidisciplinar e cuidadosa resulta em melhorias significativas nos desfechos dos pacientes, tornando sua presença indispensável no cuidado ao paciente crítico.
MODELANDO O CONHECIMENTO PARA APLICAÇÕES EM AMBIENTE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE
Authors: De Oliveira Bárbara Beatriz Bueno , Vasques Dildre Georgiana , Gomes Franciene Duarte
Published: August 2023

A tomada de decisão se torna mais eficiente em um ambiente de desenvolvimento de software quando está pautada no uso e na assimilação do conhecimento. As tomadas de decisões são embasadas pelos requisitos funcionais uma vez que os mesmos descrevem o que o sistema deve fazer. Quando esses requisitos são mal compreendidos, especificados e gerenciados, ocorrerão problemas nos produtos de software. Assim, foram pesquisados trabalhos relacionados ao tema que mostram a automatização ou semi-automatização do processo de construção de diagramas, porém nenhum dos trabalhos focam na extração do conhecimento e na pré-modelagem para domínio dos requisitos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar uma ferramenta focada na aquisição do conhecimento. Essa ferramenta é baseada em técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural e foi utilizada para construir uma pré-modelagem de software que apoiasse a extração do conhecimento. Assim, utilizou-se a ferramenta para processar um texto de visão de negócio de um sistema de livraria virtual. Com base na tabela de fatos e no mapa conceitual gerados pela ferramenta, identificou-se os principais objetos de negócio e como estes se relacionam. A partir dessas informações, elaborou-se uma versão inicial de um diagrama de caso de uso e de um diagrama de classes. A aplicação da ferramenta mostrou-se capaz de colaborar com a identificação dos conceitos fundamentais que constituíam o domínio. Esse resultado facilitou o levantamento e entendimento dos requisitos funcionais de software, necessários para a satisfação das necessidades do usuário.
PCR based unraveling of the cryptic epizootiology of bubaline theileriosis targeting the merozoite surface antigen gene
Authors: SUDAN VIKRANT , JAISWAL AMIT KUMAR , PARASHAR RAHUL , SHANKER DAYA
Published: August 2023

Lower parasitemia often skips the conventional microscopic and serological techniques from detecting latent, cryptic and chronic carrier states of bovine tropical theileriosis infection in buffalo hosts. A PCR was laboratory standardized and later validated on 80 field samples of suspected bubaline (Bubalis bubalis) hosts. Oligonucleotide primers (TBR F/R), selected from the gene encoding the 30-kDa major Theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen were custom designed and used for PCR amplifications. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in relation to blood smear was compared based on kappa value predictions. Keeping blood smear examination as a gold standard for detecting actual number of confirmed positive cases, PCR on blood was 100 % sensitive and 88.6 % specific. The described PCR-based assay provides a valuable tool to study the epidemiology of bovine tropical theileriosis (BTT) in buffaloes and some vital data regarding epidemiology of theileriosis in water buffaloes from semi arid parts of India was generated.
Porcine ovarian biometry, oocyte retrieval and quality of oocytes under different seasons in north east hill region
Authors: KUMAR SURESH , DEVI BHANITA , PURKAYASTHA A , BHARTI P K , DOLEY S , KADIRVEL G
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different seasons on porcine ovarian biometry and centred, oocyte retrieval and quality of oocytes in north east hill region of India. Porcine ovaries (1886) were collected over a period of 12 months from local abattoirs. The morphological studies revealed mulberry shaped multi- lobulated ovaries with an average weight of 4.435 ± 0.622 The average number of GF and CL were significantly higher in winter than monsoon) but not significantly different from pre-monsoon/summer. The number of CA was significantly higher in winter than monsoon and summer. The number of recovered oocyte from the visible follicles in oocyte collection medium had significantly higher number in winter than other two seasons. The oocyte percentage of grade-I, grade-II, grade-III and grade-IV were found to be 24, 36, 23 and 17%, respectively. The culturable oocytes were significantly higher during winter than summer and monsoon seasons. The season had significant effect on quality and quantity of porcine ovaries which could be well utilized in-vitro maturation and fertilization by the research in field of reproduction and biotechnology.
Influence of cysteamine supplementation during in vitro culture of early stage caprine embryos on blastocyst production
Authors: KHARCHE S D , AGRAWAL S , PATHAK J , SIKARWAR A K S , GANGAWAR CHETNA , RANJAN RAVI , GOEL A K , JINDAL S K , AGARWAL S K
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cysteamine supplementation on embryo development in mCR2 media. The COCs (1251) were matured in TCM–199 medium containing FSH (5µg/ml), LH (10µg/ml), follicular fluid (10%), FBS (10%) with 3 mg/ml BSA for 27h at 38.5°C and 5% CO2 in an incubator. Matured oocytes were co-cultured with 1×106 spermatozoa/ml collected from a Sirohi buck in fertTALP (10% FBS+ 4mg/ml BSA and 10 µg/ml heparin) for 18 h in incubation. After 18 h of sperm-oocytes, co-incubation of oocytes with sperms were washed in embryo development medium to remove sperm cells adhered to zonapellucida. Presumptive zygotes (1,171) were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1, the presumptive zygotes (610) were cultured in mCR2aa as a control for 12 days. Group 2, the presumptive zygotes (561) were culture in mCR2aa medium supplemented with 100 µM cysteamine for 10 days. The percentage of cleavage, morula, and blastocyst production in groups 1 and 2 were 36.39% and 31.71% (cleavage); 21.62% and 30.89% (morula); 4.95% and 8.98% (blastocyst) respectively. In conclusion, results indicated that the addition of cysteamine to the IVC medium stimulates caprine embryo development and blastocyst production.
Effect of varying levels of bypass fat on digestibilities of nutrients and balances of N, P and Ca in lactating Jaffrabadi buffaloes
Authors: SAVSANI H H , MURTHY K S , BHADANIYA A R , KALARIA V A , GHODASARA S N , PATIL S S
Published: August 2023

Lactating Jaffrabadi buffaloes (24; first to fourth lactation and average body weight 650.0 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each as per completely randomized design and allocated to 4 dietary treatments as T1,T2, T3 and T4. Experimental buffaloes were offered commercial concentrate mixture and cotton seed cake in equal proportion (50:50) to fulfil the protein requirements as per ICAR (1998) along with the basal diet of 10 kg seasonal green and mature pasture grass hay ad lib. Commercial bypass fat was provided to all experimental buffaloes at the rate of 150g per animal for first 15 days prior to parturition and at the rate of 0, 10g, 20g and 30g /kg milk yield in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively post partum. DMI, Per cent DMI and DMI/kg W0.75 of lactating buffaloes remained non significant among different treatment groups during entire experiment. Lactating buffaloes also showed non-significant differences in body weight and biometry during different phases of experiment. Differences in water intake (l/day, l/100kg B.W., l/kg W0.75 and l/kg DMI) by different levels of bypass fat supplementation were also non significant. Digestibility of the rations for DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were not significantly affected by addition of supplemental fat. Nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium balances were positive and non significant among different treatment groups. Plane of nutrition as per ICAR nutritional requirements for Indian buffaloes was comparable among different dietary treatments. Overall results indicates that bypass fat supplementation has positive but non significant effect on nutrient utilization in different groups.
Comparative evaluation of organic zinc supplementation as proteinate with inorganic zinc in buffalo heifers on health and immunity
Authors: NAGALAKSHMI D , RAO K SADASIVA , KUMARI G ARUNA , SRIDHAR K , SATYANARAYANA M
Published: August 2023

Graded Murrah buffalo heifers (18) were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups varying in source and level of Zn supplementation in concentrate mixture to study the effect of organic (O) Zn (Zn proteinate; Zn-prot) supplementation (80 or 140 ppm) compared to inorganic Zn (I) (ZnSO4) (140 ppm) on serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and ovarian folliculogenesis. Mineral and biochemical constituents in serum and antioxidant enzyme activities in haemolysate were measured on 90th d of experiment. Antibody titres (log2) against Brucella abortus S19 and chicken RBC antigens was measured in serum at 7, 14, 21 and 28th d post sensitization (humoral immunity) and cell mediated immunity was assessed (120 d) by in-vivo delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) against phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). After 60 days of feeding, ovarian folliculogenesis study was made daily with ultrasound scanner in all the animals for next 60 days. Highest Zn concentration in serum without affecting the retention of other minerals (Cu, Mn and Fe) was observed with 140 ppm Zn supplementation as Zn-prot and mineral concentrations was comparable between 80 ppm Zn as Zn-prot and 140 ppm Zn as ZnSO4. Alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, and glucose concentrations in serum increased with organic Zn supplementation. Organic Zn lowered lipid peroxidation (140O<80O<140I) and improved RBC catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (140O>80O>140I) activities. Antibody titres against B. abortus and chicken RBC and in vivo DTH response improved with organic Zn supplementation. Similarly, irrespective of the dose, organic Zn supplementation significantly increased the number of large follicle with greater follicular size in ovary. The study indicated that 140 ppm Zn supplementation as Zn-prot resulted in better antioxidant status, immune response and folliculogenesis in ovaries than inorganic source and the Zn supplementation could be reduced from 140 to 80 ppm as Zn-prot without any adverse effect in buffalo heifers.
Effect of straw type (Cajnus cajan or Cicer arietinum) and form of diet on growth, feed efficiency and slaughter performance of weaned Jamunapari goat kids
Authors: SINGH M K , TRIPATHI M K , DIXIT A K , SINGH S K
Published: August 2023

An experiment on Jamunapari goat kids (24), 90-day-old was carried out to assess the effect of straw type (arhar, Cajnus cajan or gram, Cicer arietinum) and form of diet (mash or pellet) on growth, feed efficiency and slaughtering performance. Slaughtering performance was assessed at 9 and 12 months age on 3 animals from each group. Two types of complete feed mixtures were prepared using straw and concentrate in 60:40 ratio. One part of each complete feed mixture was converted to pellet form of diet while another part remained as mash. These were randomly allocated to four groups of kids, six in each and fed ad lib. The kids under present feeding and management protocol attained live weight 18 to 19 kg at 6 month, 24 to 28 kg at 9 month and 31 to 34 kg at 12 month of age, with average daily gain (ADG) 71 to 84 g during entire growth period. The feed efficiency (kg feed / kg gain) ranged from 14.5 to 21.1 kg. The carcass weight at 9 month was 11.4 to 12.2 kg, whereas at 12 month varied from 15.0 to
16.3 kg and the dressing percent ranged from 54 to 57. Growth, feed efficiency, carcass weight and dressing percent were similar among 4 kid groups and were not different between the 2 straws and diet forms. Study revealed that goats in general and Jamunapari breed in particular could be maintained under stall feeding with diets containing high proportion of crop residues (gram or arhar straw). The diets with roughage to concentrate ration 60:40 provided daily gain up to 84 g, with FCR 14 kg and live weight 34 kg at 12 months of age. Appropriate age of slaughter in Jamunapari kids was observed as 9 month because kids at this age have the greater FCR with low cost of feeding. Pellet diet has better economics for commercial kid production. Therefore, it is suggested that Jamunapari goat kids can be maintained under stall feeding conditions on crop residues based feeding systems suitable for rural as well as goat entrepreneur development under urban locations.
Interaction of floor space, dietary energy level and feed enzyme influencing growth performance of growing turkey
Authors: KUMAR DEV , ROKADE J J , MAJUMDAR S , BHANJA S K , MANDAL A B
Published: August 2023

A biological experiment was conducted (2×3×2 factorial design) involving 2 floor spaces (1.25 and 1.90 sq. ft), 3 dietary energy levels (2400, 2600 and 2800 ME kcal/kg) with or without supplementation of commercial multi- enzyme (@ 250g/ton feed) in iso-proteinic diet (protein, 20%) to evaluate growth performance in ‘White turkey’ (CARI Virat) during 8–16 weeks of age. The levels of critical amino acids (lysine and methionine) remained similar in all the diets.Straight-run 120 poults were randomly distributed into twelve experimental groups with four replicate in experimental battery cages (1.64 ft × 2.30 ft) at two different floor spaces (1.25 and 1.90 ft2/bird) from 8th to 16th week of age. The total number of birds per cage were 2 and 3 respectively. Out of 4 replicates, 1 replicate was maintained for the replacement of the dead birds, if any, so as to keep the effective floor space constant throughout the experimental period. Results indicated that body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly due to floor space or enzyme supplementation. Performance index was significantly higher in 1.25 sq. ft. floor space. Overall body weight gain did not differ significantly due to energy levels. Feed intake and feed: gain ratio was significantly lower in group having 2,800 kcal/kg. Performance index was significantly higher in groups fed with 2,600 and 2,800 kcal/kg. Final body weight and cumulative feed intake differed significantly due to interaction between space and energy. Feed enzyme supplementation did not improve performance.Thus the optimum floor space in battery cages for rearing growing turkey poults (8–16 wk) and dietary energy level were 1.25 sq. ft/bird and 2,600 kcal ME per kg diet, respectively.
Clinicopathological studies of Pasteurella multocida B:2 experimental infection in rabbits
Authors: PATEL S J , JOSHI D V , RAVAL S H , PATEL B J , PATEL J G , CHAUHAN H C , CHANDEL B S , PATEL B K , SHAH N M
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to study pathology and virulence of Pasteurella multocida B:2 isolated from natural outbreak of Pasteurella infection in rabbits. Healthy Pasteurella multocida B:2 free rabbits (12) were divided in control and challenged group. The challenged group rabbits were inoculated intra-nasally by spraying of 0.5 ml of inoculum in each nares, containing 1 × 105 CFU of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in BHI. The control group of rabbits was inoculated with 0.5 ml uncultured BHI broth in each nares in the same manner. Live animals were observed for atleast 14 days. The main clinical signs observed in infected rabbits comprised of conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, pyrexia, sneezing, dyspnoea and abdominal breathing. The pathomorphological changes in lungs comprised of acute fibrinous and/or fibrino suppurative bronchopneumonia/pleuropneumonia. Trachea showed acute inflammatory changes with multifocal erosion/ulcer and necrosis. Nasal cavity showed acute inflammation with accumulation of cellular debris in nasal meatus. Three infected rabbits showed meningitis characterized by congestion, infiltration of heterophils and minimal oedema. Pasteurella multocida B:2 was successfully detected in blood and tissues of infected rabbits by PCR. The organisms were also demonstrated in blood/impression smear from different organs.
Effect of myostatin gene silencing on the expression of extracellular matrix formative genes in caprine foetal fibroblast cells
Authors: BORAH BISWAJYOTI , SINGH A P , SARKHEL B C
Published: August 2023

In vitro model for gene silencing using animal cells culture and use of these cells in production of transgenic animal could be an extremely valuable tool to mitigate the meat demand of the world. Myostatin had been identified as negative myogenic regulator that rolled as muscle mass enhancers when silenced. The present experiment was planned to test the effect of four 29-mer anti-MSTN shRNA constructs on silencing of myostatin gene in caprine foetal fibroblast cells and its effect on extracellular matrix formative genes in the caprine foetal fibroblast cells that are necessary for proliferation, differentiation, regulation and development of muscle in caprine. Experiment shows 55.1 to 91.5% of myostatin silencing in caprine foetal fibroblast cells and in myogenic gene expression; decorin shows down-regulation ranged from 78.46 - 89.03%. Whereas, follistatin found up-regulation (417.33 - 156.73%). The Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there is negative correlation between myostatin and follistatin genes whereas decorin shows positive correlation. Result suggests that knock down of MSTN could be a promising approach to improve caprine musculatures and to establish important relationship between MSTN and extracellular matrix.
PCR based detection of toxoplasmosis in tissue samples: A step towards detection of toxoplasmosis in meat and post mortem samples
Authors: SUDAN VIKRANT , TEWARI A K , SINGH HARKIRAT
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to find out a suitable marker gene for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in tissue and meat samples during meat inspection and/or during post mortem studies. PCR was used to diagnose toxoplasmosis in ten inbred Swiss albino mice after experimental inoculation of 100 tachyzoites of laboratory maintained human RH strain of the parasite. Blood, peritoneal lavage and tissue from lung, liver spleen, brain, heart and kidney were taken from experimental murine models in duplicate. The samples were subjected to PCR, using primers directed to the multicopy of Surface Antigen 3 (SAG 3 gene). Blood, kidney and heart tissue were found negative while peritoneal lavage along with lung, liver spleen and brain tissue yielded desired positive amplicons. The significance of the studied molecule vis-Ã -vis future projections in regard to diagnosis of toxoplasmosis during meat sample examination and/or during routine post mortem is being described.
Evaluation of partial wheat grain replacement with fermented wheat on growth performance, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas emission in finishing pigs
Authors: LEE S I , JUNG M G , KIM I H
Published: August 2023

The present study investigated the effects of partial wheat grain replacement with fermented wheat on growth performance, blood characteristics, fecal noxious gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs. Finishing pigs 144 [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 57.99 ± 1.92 kg were used. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal based diets with different inclusions of wheat grain and substitutions by fermented wheat, as follows: T1) 10% wheat grain and 0% fermented wheat; T2) 5% wheat grain + 5% fermented wheat; T3) 5% wheat grain and 0% fermented wheat; and T4) 2.5% wheat grain + 2.5% fermented wheat. Pigs fed T2 and T4 had increased body weight, ADG, and G/F ratio compared to those fed T1 and T3, respectively. Pigs fed T1 and T4 increased IgG concentration compared to those fed T3 at 12 week. T2 treatment increased glucose concentration compared to T1 treatment. Pigs fed T1 had increased BUN concentration compared to those fed T2 and T3 at 6th week. There was no significant difference on fecal noxious gas emission and meat quality among treatments. From the results, we suggest that partial wheat grain replacement with fermented wheat improved body weight, ADG, and G/F ratio in finishing pigs. Therefore, fermented wheat can be used as a raw cereal substitute, improving the productivity in finishing pig.
Literasi Agama Melalui Media Sosial dan Dampaknya Pada Anak Muda Kristen
Authors: Kristanto Damacus Wisnu , Pujiono Andrias
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The influence of social media is enormous in the lives of modern humans, including young Christians. Social media can be both a medium and a source of learning, so it needs to be used optimally in the context of religious literacy. With content specifically designed to increase understanding and behavior that are in line with Christian faith, social media will be able to become a medium and learning resource that contributes to increasing Christian youth's religious literacy. The method in this scientific article is a quantitative method with literature studies. Here the author seeks, records, analyzes and concludes various relevant sources. Young Christians who have good vertical and horizontal relationships can increase understanding and encourage behavior through social media that features content related to religious literacy.
Abstrak: Pengaruh media sosial sangat bersar terhadap kehidupan manusia modern termasuk anak muda Kristen. Media sosial dapat menjadi media dan sekaligus sumber belajar, sehinga perlu dimanfaatkan secara optimal dalam konteks literasi agama. Dengan konten yang dirancang khusus dalam peningkatan pemahaman dan  perilaku yang sesuai iman Kristen, media sosial akan mampu menjadi media dan sumber belajar yang berkontribusi dalam peningkatan literasi agama anak muda Kristen. Metode dalam artikel ilmiah ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan studi kepustakaan. Di sini penulis mencari, mencatat, menganalisis dan menyimpulkan berbagai sumber yang relevan.  Hasilnya, bahwa media sosial dengan konten yang terkait literasi agama dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan mendorong perilaku anak muda Kristen yang memiliki relasi vertikal dan horizontal yang  baik.
Parabolic Cylindrical Description of Velocity and Acceleration Tensor in Bipolar Coordinate Using Tensor Analysis
Authors: Emeje K.O , Obaje V.O , Omonile J.F
Published: August 2023

Instantaneous velocity and acceleration are often studied and expressed in Cartesian, Circular Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinate systems but it is a well-known fact that some bodies cannot be perfectly described in these coordinate systems, so they required some other curvilinear systems such as oblate spheroidal, parabolic cylindrical, elliptic cylindrical bipolar, and others. It is of important interest in theoretical physics to establish equations of motion in Bipolar Coordinate system, which is essentially suitable to accurately describe the motion of bipolar bodies such as hyperbolas, ellipses and other curves in the universe. In this work, we derived a new expression for the instantaneous velocity and acceleration vector of bodies and test particles in the bipolar coordinate system using tensor analysis. The Laplacian of a scalar field in this bipolar coordinate system was also derived which has applications in mechanics.
Frontline town centres within the area of the Hirskyi Tikych river
Authors: Rybchynskyi Oleh
Published: August 2023

The study presents the history of the emergence, development and decline of the frontline towns concentrated in the area of the Hirskyi Tikych River. The research focuses on Buzivka, Buky, Vorone, Zelenyi Rih, Zubrykha, Okhmativ, Sokolivka and Monastyryshche. Natural factors and the branching of the Black Way determined the concentration of settlements in the river area. The study of the frontline towns is relevant due to the peculiarities of urban processes in Central Ukraine and is important for the development of historical and architectural reference plans. The research aims to determine the spatial features of the city centre in the cities of the right-bank Ukraine frontier in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the course of the study, the methods of analysis (for literary sources), comparative analysis (for the cartography of different times), and a set of field studies were used. The studied towns had an optimal defensive perimeter dominated by a Ukrainian wooden church, and a key element of the spatial image was a residential wooden house. It is determined that the cities of the frontier had political and cultural conflicts with the centre of the state, which caused the loss of the role of settlements and the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late seventeenth century. Based on historical cartography, source material, and the preserved ancient street network, the urban planning features of the town centres are localised and identified. The frontier towns concentrated in the area of the Gorny Tikich River were economically and culturally united and were characterised by rational planning. Improvements in the town centres of the frontier towns are linked to the political and economic intentions of magnates in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The spatial layout of the town centre was centred around a Ukrainian wooden church, except Monastyryshche, which also had a wooden church in the town centre. The main building element was the Ukrainian wooden house, which defined the spatial and cultural image of the settlement. Due to the uncertain political boundaries and the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late seventeenth century, the frontier towns lost their significance. In the nineteenth century, except for Monastyryshche, all settlements declined economically and administratively. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the results can be used in the development of historical and architectural reference plans, revitalisation projects for the centres of historic towns, downtown regeneration projects, and the commemoration of lost important monuments. The research materials can be used in a course on the history of urban planning and architecture of Ukraine, as well as in the development of tourist and recreational routes
Theoretical and methodological aspects of analysing the foreign economic activity of enterprises
Authors: Podra Olha , Petryshyn Nataliia
Published: August 2023

It is important for enterprises to determine exactly the current reserves for the development of export activities and, based on them, make adequate and objective management decisions regarding the further implementation of foreign economic activity. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for analysing foreign economic activity based on the determination of factors of the external and internal environment of the enterprise functioning, which affect the analysis of foreign economic activity, as well as the study of the process of implementing a comprehensive methodology for analysing foreign economic activity of the enterprise, based on the consistent implementation of stages: the stage of information and analytical support, the analytical and calculation stage, and the management stage – analytical processing of calculations and the formulation of reasonable conclusions. The study used the following methods: dialectical, analysis and synthesis, comparison, theoretical generalisation, and tabular method. The process of implementing a comprehensive methodology for analysing the foreign economic activity of the enterprise is considered, which provides an opportunity to obtain complete and objective information on the state of implementation of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise, the development and implementation of the foreign economic strategy. Recommended indicators of a comprehensive methodology for analysing the company's foreign economic activity are proposed, which are grouped into four main categories: indicators of export growth and growth rates, relative export indicators, efficiency indicators, and structure indicators. The generalised theoretical provisions obtained in the course of the study can be used in the activities of enterprises to analyse foreign economic activity
REVOLUTION OF COCOA BEANS IN MALAYSIA: BULK TO SPECIALTY BEANS
Authors:   COCOA UPSTREAM TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT, TEE YEI KHENG , MAT YAZIK NURAZIAWATI , RAMBA HAYA
Published: August 2023

The Malaysian cocoa industry needs a sustainable and consistent supply of cocoa beans with the quality attributes of specialty cocoa beans to meet the diverse and increasing requirements of the world prospect. It is aimed to transform and implement a specialty cocoa value chain in Malaysia, to help small-scale cocoa growers gain access to high value markets. The efforts towards developing Malaysia as fine flavour cocoa producing country involve a range of activities at all levels of the cocoa value chain. Promising varieties recognised through the Cocoa Excellence programme with unique characteristics have been identified and adapting high-yield growing techniques to increase productivity is the next challenge in order to get sufficient volume, with proper post-harvest processing and rigorous quality control and traceability. As the world demand for fine flavour cocoa has been growing, initiatives should be taken on several key research components, including identifying clones with specialty beans and suitable regions for growing cocoa, determine flavour evaluation not only sensory but DNA fingerprinting of selected materials, selecting potential specialty cocoa varieties among genetic collection and train growers especially smallholders, to follow the recommended practices. Also, a more in-depth market study will be necessary to give and guide the industry with more detailed recommendations on fine or flavour cocoa investments such as price, quality and volumes. Certification is another requirement by specialty cocoa buyers and retailers as an important proof of commitment to sustainability. The demand for certification of cocoa and chocolate is growing strongly in the European and global cocoa market. Keywords: Specialty beans, fine flavour cocoa, cocoa varieties, bean quality, post-harvest technique, sustainable cocoa industry
A SHORT REPORT ON APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY FOR BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE SEVERITY ASSESSMENT IN OIL PALM
Authors: MICHAEL MARCELLA LENNIE , SUNG YAN CHEONG , JANAUN JIDON , CHONG KHIM PHIN , DAYOU JEDOL
Published: August 2023

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninense remains as one of the most devastating diseases of the oil palm industry especially in South East Asia. Currently there is no remedy mainly due to inability to detect BSR disease at the early stage. Therefore, early diagnostic method is vital to detect the BSR disease effectively. This study examined the potential application of acoustic tomography method to observe the internal parts of the oil palm consisting of different levels of BSR disease severity: i) healthy, ii) moderate and iii) severe. Ten oil palm trees were selected for each level of BSR disease. The tomography data of the cross-section of the oil palm trunk was measured at one meter from the stem base for each palm using acoustic measurement system known as TomoSawit. The palm was then cut down at the tomography measurement height and compared with the acquired tomography image. The results showed that the method can provide tomography images of different BSR disease severity conditions. Detailed examination of the tomography results revealed the differences in acoustic wave speed while travelling across different densities of the cross-section of the palms that contribute to the differences in tomography image characteristics. The difference in the density could be associated with the severity of the BSR disease. All the generated tomography images have shown to be similar with the actual cross-section samples of the palm. In this study, the severely infected sample shows that an estimate of 33.3 per cent and 54.7 per cent of the cross-section was already degraded, respectively. The confirmation of BSR disease was conducted using ergosterol and Ganoderma Selective Medium (GSM) assessment. It can be concluded that the acoustic tomography could be a potential solution for early detection of BSR infection in oil palm especially for field application. Keywords: Acoustic tomography, basal stem rot, early detection, oil palm, Ganoderma boninense.
BUNCH COMPONENT VARIATIONS OF INBRED PROGENIES IN THIRD CYCLE OF LIMITED BREEDING PROGRAMME OF DURA MATERIALS PLANTED IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA AND SABAH
Authors: MATHEWS J , NG S K , CHEW T D , GOH H L , S MOHANARAJ , SIKEM N D , CHUA F
Published: August 2023

A total of 7163 bunches were analysed from progenies with identical genotype derived from the third cycle of limited breeding programme (LBP) of dura materials from 2016 to 2020 in Bayok Estate of Pamol Sabah and Gomali Estate in Batu Anam, Peninsular Malaysia. The bunch components of the identical dura inbred progenies showed significant differences in traits when planted in geographically distant locations. The mean square (variance) analysed through ANOVA between the two locations showed that the bunch components of fruit to bunch, oil to dry mesocarp and wet mesocarp to fruits were statistically significant at probability (p)=<5 per cent to result in a significantly low oil to bunch in Sabah when compared to Peninsular Malaysia. Difference in kernel to fruit percent between the two locations was marginally significant at p=<5 per cent, while shell to fruit percent was marginally significant at p=<0.1 per cent. Although the progenies from Sabah showed heavier fruit weight (in grammes), statistically the difference in weights of the fruit in both locations were not significant. Correlation coefficient matrix analysis indicates that the two major bunch analysis components that affected the low oil to bunch were low fruit to bunch and low oil to dry mesocarp percent which were highly significant at p=<0.1 per cent. The differences in bunch phenotypic components on fruit to bunch ratio could be the result of the seasonal high rainfall in Sabah as compared to Peninsular Malaysia. The high soil water table from Typic Endoaquept soil in Sabah during flood and tidal water could be the reason for low oil in dry mesocarp. The low seasonal fruit to bunch percent is a common annual natural phenomenon in Sabah. Keywords: Oil to bunch percent, parthenocarpy, environmental variations, inbred progenies and oil palm breeding
Prevention of degradation processes of soils irrigated with mineralized water through plastering
Authors: Onopriienko Dmytro , Makarova Tetiana , Tkachuk Andriy , Hapich Hennadii , Roubik Hynek
Published: August 2023

The long-term irrigation of extensive areas in the steppe zone of Ukraine using low-quality and mineralized water has caused degradation processes associated with soil salinization. To mitigate or alleviate these processes, researchers investigated the potential of chemical reclamation through the application of phosphogypsum. The study took place in the northern Steppe of Ukraine near the village of Oleksandrivka, Dnipro district, Dnipropetrovsk region. Over many years, field experiments were conducted, introducing phosphogypsum as a chemical meliorant. The experimental design included the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 1.4, 3.0, and 6.0 t/ha during different periods of the year. Standardized research methods were used for sampling, laboratory analysis, and processing of the results. The research identified a high salt content (0.35-0.48%) in the arable soil layer, signs of salinization (exchangeable sodium content of 3.64%), and unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the research areas. The application of phosphogypsum led to an increase in sulfate anions, as observed in the soil's sulfate chemistry, while the control areas exhibited a soda-sulfate type of salinity. The pH level of the water extract remained within neutral values throughout the years of the study. Positive changes were observed regarding the degree of soil salinity. Specifically, the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 3 and 6 t/ha in irrigated areas resulted in a change from moderate to slightly saline salinity levels. The research also demonstrated a positive effect on the sodium-adsorption ratio, particularly when phosphogypsum was applied during irrigation in the third year. The sodium-adsorption ratio decreased by 69% compared to the control options, indicating a better ameliorative effect of phosphogypsum during irrigation. Under the conditions of using water of class II quality for irrigation, the optimal application of phosphogypsum was found to be at doses of 3 t/ha for spring cultivation and 6 t/ha for the main cultivation in autumn. These application rates effectively reduced the degree of soil salinity and improved the ecological and meliorational conditions of the irrigated area
Herbicide influence on the agrocenose of soy and its photosynthetic activity in the western Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Shuvar Ivan , Korpita Hanna
Published: August 2023

The use of herbicides can significantly affect the processes of plant photosynthesis, as it leads to inhibition of pigment production, impairs the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain and carbon fixation. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of herbicide application on weediness and photosynthetic activity of soybeans. On the basis of a field study in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Center of the Lviv National University of Nature Management, the dependence of soybean yield on the level of weediness of the culture was established. The highest yield of soybeans - 29.0 t/ha was obtained in the application of the herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold 500 SC c.s. (4.5 l/ha), the smallest – 27.3 t/ha among the experimental variants was obtained with the post-emergence application of the herbicide Pulsar s.c. (1 l/ha). Application of herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold 500 SC c.s. did not affect the intensity of photosynthesis, and the number of pigments in soybean leaves was not significantly different from the indicator in the control. The use of drugs Kommand k.e. and Pulsar s.c. led to a slight decrease in the number of pigments in the first days after application and their gradual stabilization. Use of the herbicide Concur c.s. had the effect of weakening photosynthetic activity and reducing the number of pigments. This indicates that the active substance metribuzin is not absolutely selective with regard to the effect on soybean plants, that is, in the case of its use, there is a probability of suppressing the culture. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in revealing the possibilities for choosing effective herbicides with increased selective phytotoxicity, which provide effective control of the number of weeds with a minimal probability of a negative impact of herbicides on the soybean agrocenosis
Organizational Commitment among Selected Employees of a Local University in Manila
Authors: Panuelos Nil Edward
Published: August 2023

Organizational commitment is the emotional bond employees have with their workplace. Employees devoted to their organization typically experience a bond with it, a sense of belonging, and an awareness of its goals, vision, and mission. Employees are said to be dedicated to the organization when their aims align with those of the organization, when they are willing to invest effort on its behalf, and when they wish to retain their relationship with the business. There has been a rise in interest in studying employee commitment to their organizations. There is much curiosity about organizational commitment because it predicts things like turnover, attitude, and happiness. Research in this field has shaped commitment on the job, in one's profession, in one's work group, and in one's work as a whole. Using Meyer and Allen's concept, this research examines the three facets of organizational commitment among a selected group of employees at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) to determine if there is a correlation between them. In addition, the research report analyzed how employees with different demographic profiles rate on a scale of organizational commitment. Keywords: Organizational commitment, employees, workplace,
Assimilation Process of Design Thinking in the Scarfing Tool Fabrication for Aircraft Composite Repair
Authors: Isoli Jabes
Published: August 2023

Abstract Repairing aeronautical products made of composite materials has been a significant challenge for the aviation industry. Composite materials are used in a variety of aerospace applications. The researchers used a mixed method in the study. They administered a four-point Likert scale survey to students enrolled in the AMT airframe composite laboratory in the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023. The study's results demonstrated the performance of the prototype guiding gadget—interviews with key informants unearthed problems and recommendations for improving the guide tool prototype (KII). KII was attended by five AMT instructors and students in total. According to the study's findings, practitioners require a new tool that would assist them in simplifying repair procedures while still producing adequate results while working on aviation composites. Mending composite components is challenging for practitioners of all skill levels, including those with extensive experience and novices. Using specialist instruments is an essential component that plays a significant role in supporting professionals to complete their repair work with self-assurance and successfully deliver the desired outcomes. Students should work with a guide tool prototype when learning how to repair aviation composites. AMT students and faculty members utilize this prototype to improve composites effectively. The organization will profit from having access to this lightweight and reasonably priced directing tool. Keywords: engineering, aircraft composite repair, design thinking, portable guide tool.
Determining Heritage Oak Tree Susceptibility to Sudden Oak Death Using GIS Risk Analysis
Authors:   , Guzdek Michelle
Published: August 2023

Sudden Oak Death (SOD), caused by the pathogenic water mold Phytophthora ramorum, has killed hundreds of thousands of oak trees in the California coastal regions, with redwood-tanoak forests being hit the hardest (Shoemaker et al., 2007). The term “sudden oak death” is used to describe the disease, because of how rapidly the pathogen has killed otherwise healthy tanoaks, virtually in a matter of weeks (COMTF 2010). SOD was first reported in California in 1994 and is believed to have originated from infected nursery or ornamental plants, but the source has never been identified (Mascheretti et al. 2008).
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Independensi, Fee Audit Dan Audit Tenure Terhadap Kualitas Audit
Authors: Adam Desvian Muhidin  , Desy Arigawati
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of competence, independence, audit fees and audit tenure on audit quality. This research method is quantitative research by testing between variables. The population in this study were all independent auditors who worked at the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in Tangerang. The sample used in this study was 30 auditors. The sample determination method used in this study is Simple Random Sampling, the data collection method uses a survey method with a questionnaire. The data analysis method in this study used SPSS version 29.0. The result of this study is that the competency variable has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. This shows that the more competence an auditor has, the better the audit quality will be. The independence variable has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. This shows that the better the independence of an auditor, the better the audit quality will be. The audit fee variable has no significant effect on audit quality. The audit tenure variable has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. The variables of competence, independence, audit fees and audit tenure together have a significant effect on the resulting audit quality.