bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEMAPHORIN 3A - A NEW INTRATHYMIC SUPPRESSOR FACTOR
Authors: Rutto K V , Kisseleva E P
Published: February 2020

Semaphorins were originally identified as axon guidance factors involved in the development of the neuronal system. However, accumulating evidence indicates that several semaphorins, so-called ‘immune semaphorins’, are also involved in various phases of immune responses. One of such factors is semaphorin 3A - a member of class 3 semaphorins, which are secretory molecules in vertebrates. There are multiple mechanisms involved in the process of semaphorin 3A-mediated regulation. One of them is down-regulation of peripheral T-cell activity in consequence of which semaphorin 3A is considered as an immunosuppressive factor. But semaphorin 3A is also expressed in the thymus while its function there remains obscure. Here are discussed new data on immunosuppressive function of this factor towards thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells, obtained in vitro. Because it is involved both in physiological immunoregulation and in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune, atopic, and malignant diseases, semaphorin 3A turns to be a promising therapeutic tool to be studied and applied in these diseases.
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED IMMUNOLOGICAL STRESS AT EARLY STAGES OF PREGNANCY AFFECTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASING-HORMONE (GNRH)-PRODUCING SYSTEM
Authors: Ignatiuk V M , Izvolskaia M S
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present work was to study the development of afferent bonds between GnRH- and monoaminergic neurons in rat fetuses and to identify possible targets affected by LPS-induced inflammation. The innervation was analyzed using retrograde tracing method with DiI dye. At ED17 and ED21 olfactory bulbs (the area of GnRH migration) are innervated with monoaminergic neurons of septum and in lateral hypothalamus. The GnRH- and monoaminergic neuron interaction zones are sensitive to LPS (E. coli) prenatal exposure, which induces pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. We suppose that the olfactory bulbs of fetal forebrain can be a possible area of cytokine influence on GnRH- and monoaminergic neuron interaction.
PARTICIPATION OF INOS IN THE EFFECT OF IL-1β ON LUNG VENTILATION AND HYPOXIC CHEMORECEPTION
Authors: Klinnikova A A , Danilova G A , Alexandrova N P
Published: February 2020

With systemic inflammation, hypoxia, and an increase in the respiratory, a significant increase in the systemic level of pro-inflammatory cytokines is observed. Recently we demonstrated that elevated IL-1β level in blood reduces the ventilatory response to hypoxia. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that the respiratory effect of IL-1β may be mediating the NO-dependent mechanisms.The experiments were performed on anaesthetized rats. We studied the effects of intravenous administration of cytokine during inhibition of iNO-synthase. In order to we used aminoguanidine bicarbonate - specific inhibitor of iNOS, which was injected in the tail vein for 30 minutes before the administration of cytokine. During the hypoxic rebreathing experiments, was found that the increase of IL-1β level in blood weakens the respiratory response to hypoxia. The ventilatory, tidal volume and mean inspiratory flow responses decreased by 29%, 31% and 53% respectively. INO-synthase inhibitor pretreatment eliminated these respiratory effects of IL-1β. Thus the data indicate that the ability of IL-1β to reduce the ventilatory hypoxic response is mediated by the NO-dependent pathway.
El cansancio laboral se puso de moda hoy!
Authors: Niño Avella Lina Isabel
Published: February 2020

La globalización indujo transformaciones en el mundo del trabajo. Esta globalización ha trasformado significativamente a las organizaciones, generando nuevas dinámicas a nivel estructural, social, personal y comportamiento organizacional en las empresas. Todo esto impacta la salud de los trabajadores y en lo económico a la empresa. .
A prospective study antenatally detected hydronephrosis and their postnatal evaluation and management
Authors: Vinayagam Karpaga , Saravanan C.
Published: February 2020

Background: Detection of urologic anomalies prenatally permits fetal interventions that avoid complications in rare cases of bladder outlet obstruction with oligohydramnios even though their final benefits still remain controversial. To analyse the incidence of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in antenatally detected hydronephrosis cases.Methods: This prospective study was conducted February 2019 to August 2019 at the Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children Egmore, Chennai. All the cases of hydronephrosis which were detected antenatally and those children presented with hydronephrosis in the neonatal period were taken for this study. Totally 58 cases were analyzed in the study, among that 32 cases detected antenatally with UPJ obstruction. Their epidemiology and their immediate postnatal findings (USG abdomen by 3-7 days, IVP and DTPA by 4-6 weeks) were recorded and the percentage of cases in which pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction was significant.Results: Among the cases that were diagnosed to have hydronephrosis antenatally (46), 69% (32/46) had UPJ obstruction, 21% (10/46) had bilateral hydronephrosis, 6.5% (3/46) had vesicoureteric reflux and rest had other anomalies (1/46).Conclusions: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH), one of the most common abnormal findings on the antenatal ultrasound (US), continues to increase as the standard of care includes the 2nd trimester US. US is the mainstay of the postnatal evaluation and voiding cystourethrogram may be safely reserved for high-grade ANH or dilated distal ureter. New urinary biomarkers may offer promising potential for more accurate risk stratification in the near future.
Mamdani-Fuzzy Framework for Academic Staff Selection and Placement in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Manga Ibrahim , Samaila S.D. , Bello H.
Published: February 2020

Selection and placement of appropriate personnel for the right job leads to great success in any organization. However, this is one of the most important activities carried out by Human Resource (HR). Minimizing imprecision and subjective value judgment in personnel selection processes were taken into consideration in this research by developing personnel selection and placement framework using the Mamdani- fuzzy model. This research work is aimed at developing Mamdani- fuzzy framework for academic staff selection and placement. A model with three levels has been developed to manage the database, and the necessary conditions required from applicants for selection and placement, and the consideration of individual temperament was paramount. Tools: Java script and HTML (for the front end) PHP and MySQL (for the database storage as back end).  Experimental results using fuzzy classification membership function defined by the truth value of a fuzzy propositional function would also be used as part of the analysis and design. When the need arise, MathLab would be employed for some analysis and simulations. A graphical user interface (GUI) would be developed for all the relevant forms in order to effectively interact with the users of the system
Feasibility of Quantum Computers in Cryogenic Systems
Authors: Divyasheesh Viplove , Jain Rakesh
Published: February 2020

Quantum computers consist of a quantum processor – sets of quantum bits or qubits operating at an extremely low temperature – and a classical electronic controller to read out and control the processor. The machines utilize the unusual properties of matter at extremely small scales – the fact that a qubit, can represent “1” and “0” at the same time, a phenomenon known as superposition. (In traditional digital computing, transistors in silicon chips can exist in one of two states represented in binary by a 1 or 0 not both).

Under the right conditions, computations carried out with qubits are equivalent to numerous classical computations performed in parallel, thus greatly enhancing computing power compared to today’s powerful supercomputers and the ability to solve complex problems without the sort of experiments necessary to generate quantum phenomena.

this technology is unstable and needs to be stored in a cool environment for faster and more secure operation.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of integrating quantum computers with electronics at deep cryogenic temperatures.
Description of Cephalic Index in Female Indian and Chinese Malaysian
Authors: Rachmawati Emma , Murniati Nani , Xavier Amreeta Kaur
Published: February 2020

Cephalic index is an important parameter in evaluating racial and sexual differences, is measured by establishing a ratio between the breadth and the length of the head calculated as 100 times the maximum breadth of the head measured at the greatest diameter of the cranial vault above the supramastoid crest divided by the maximum length of the head measured from the most prominent point on the glabella to the opisthocranion. The aim of the research was to differentiate the cephalic index between female Indian and Chinese Malaysian studying in Padjadjaran University. This research was a descriptive study with total samples are 35 comprise of 13 females Indian and 22 females Chinese. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. The subjects were measured for head length and head breadth by using a spreading caliper. The result of the research shows that 22 female Chinese surveyed has an average cephalic index of 85.861(hyperbrachycephalic) with a standard deviation of 3.717. Meanwhile, the 13 female Indian surveyed has an average of 81.768 (brachycephalic), with a standard deviation of 3.205. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant difference of cephalic index between females Indian and Chinese Malaysian.
Evaluation of Lower Anterior Facial Height and Incisors Vertical Dimension after Class II Division 1 Treatment
Authors: Sayutia Elih , Sumantri Latif Deni
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion by extracting the maxillary first premolar causes vertical dimensional change is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this research was to determine the vertical changes of the lower anterior facial height and maxillary incisor vertical dimensions in class II division 1 malocclusion after orthodontic treatment with Edgewise technique. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on the cephalometry of 24 patients before and after orthodontic treatment with inclusion criteria as follows: Angle Class II division 1  malocclusion, aged 18-30 years old. Measurements were taken for the lower anterior facial height (ANS - Me) and maxillary incisor vertical dimensions by performing an Upper Anterior Dental Height (UADH). Data analysis used was the Wilcoxon test for unpaired data. Results: The result of p-value = 0.195 > 0.05 for lower anterior face height showed no significant difference; and p-value = 0.878 > 0.05 for UADH also showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment for class II division 1 malocclusion with the removal of two premolars does not change the lower anterior facial height and maxillary incisor vertical dimensions.
Managing Transitions: Coping Strategies for New Principals in Colleges of Education, Ghana
Authors: Aggrey-Fynn Caroline
Published: February 2020

Principals’ transition in Colleges of Education in Ghana is critical to quality teacher education and training, but it comes with complexities and challenges to newly appointed principals. However, there is a seeming absence of research on strategies for smooth transitions in Colleges of Education in Ghana. This study was therefore conducted to establish strategies that promoted the College of Education principals’ transition management in Ghana. Phenomenological research design was used for the study. Ten (10) newly appointed principals of public colleges of education were purposively sampled for the study. Interview protocol was the research instrument used. The data collected was analyzed using content analysis method. The study established that capacity building, relationship building, appropriate leadership style and maintenance of discipline were key among the coping strategies for smooth transitions. This study then provides a guide for new principals. It was recommended that this area should be further explored and a model for managing transition designed to support College of Education principals’ in transition.
Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención y el manejo de la hemorragia posparto y complicaciones del choque hemorrágico
Authors: Gómez Dávila Joaquín Guillermo , Osorio Castaño Jhon Henry , Zuleta Tobón John Jairo , Londoño Cardona Juan Guillermo , Velásquez Penagos Jesús Arnulfo , Arévalo Rodríguez Ingrid , Gómez Sánchez Pío Iván , Del Grupo Representantes
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: formular recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible que sirvan como guía para los profesionales de salud en la prevención, detección y el manejo de la hemorragia posparto y de las complicaciones asociadas a la misma con el fin de homogeneizar las conductas clínicas y contribuir a la reducción de la morbi-mortalidad materna.

Materiales y métodos: el grupo desarrollador de la Guía (GDG) elaboró esta GPC durante 2011-2012 acorde con la Guía Metodológica para la elaboración de Guías de Atención Integral en el Sistema Generalde Seguridad Social en Salud colombiano, basándose en la evidencia científica disponible y sumando la participación activa de grupos de pacientes, sociedades científicas y grupos de interés. En particular, la evidencia de esta Guía fue adaptada de las GPC del Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) “Prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage” (2009) y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), “WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta” (2009), y actualizada por medio de procedimientos sistemáticos, tanto para la búsqueda y la valoración de la evidencia, como para la generación de recomendaciones. El nivel de evidencia y la fuerza de las recomendaciones fueron expresadas por medio del sistema del Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN).

Resultados: se presentan recomendaciones para la prevención, detección y el tratamiento de la hemorragia posparto a partir de 17 preguntas clínicas.

Conclusión: se presenta una versión resumida de las recomendaciones y evidencia de esta Guía, que se espera sea adoptada por los profesionales de la salud encargados de la atención del embarazo en el país para disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a la gestación.
Overvoltage Protection for High Frequency High Voltage Power Transformers
Authors: De Souza Diego Teruo Mendes , Valverde Bruno , Pomilio José Antenor
Published: February 2020

Transformers with high-voltage operation may have undesired behavior due to the effects of their parasitic elements. In power electronics applications, if the primary voltage has harmonics, transformer resonances may be excited, causing high primary currents and secondary voltage stress, compromising the device isolation. This behavior is quite dangerous if the transformer operates without load, what means, without damping, because in this situation, the secondary voltage peak can reach more than two times the expected (rated) value. To protect the high frequency high voltage transformer against this dangerous operation, the overvoltage problem in open load condition is carefully explored and explained in this paper, with the proposition of different protection strategies to mitigate its effect, depending on the transformer parasitic elements values. The different strategies are analytically explained and validated by experimental results, showing their criteria design and effectiveness for the protection of high frequency high voltage transformers through the analysis of a 1 kVA, 311V, 20 kHz, 42/512 ferrite core transformer, showing its dynamics working alone and with each protection strategy.
ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA DO PROBLEMA DAS DUNAS EM ILHA GRANDE – PIAUÍ
Authors: Macambira Dalton Melo , Sousa Keicyane Alves de , Silva Edivânia Gomes de Assis
Published: February 2020

Este artigo tem como tema central a discussão e análise das causas do processo de avanço das dunas no município de Ilha Grande, localizado no litoral do estado do Piauí, Brasil, a partir de uma visão geossistêmica. O objetivo é apresentar os impactos sobre o ambiente natural e as consequências para a vida das populações atingidas, assim como as alternativas tecnológicas para a contenção de dunas, utilizadas pelas comunidades tradicionais e pelo poder público. O problema das dunas móveis no litoral brasileiro, particularmente no Nordeste e, sobretudo, no Piauí, se constitui em grave causa de degradação ambiental. O que deveria ser apenas beleza natural e fator de equilíbrio ecossistêmico tem se tornado área de fragilidade natural, agravada pela ação do homem, o que tem contribuído para elevar a complexidade do fenômeno. No caso do Piauí, as principais ações antrópicas são o desmatamento, para produção de carvão; a extração de areia e a criação de animais de forma extensiva. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico, de mapas, da legislação, de programas planos, e ações do poder público, e da sociedade, bem como pesquisa na rede mundial de computadores, documentários e matérias jornalísticas, relativo à temática. A pesquisa desenvolvida no município revelou uma iniciativa inovadora e bem sucedida para a contenção de dunas que pode servir de parâmetro para a mitigação dessa problemática em outras regiões do país. O trabalho demonstrou que existem tecnologias disponíveis que são eficazes no combate ao fenômeno.
Teaching of Social Culture-Based Critical Literation for University Students
Authors: Nurita Bayu Kusmayati  , Yeti Mulyati  , Vismaia Sabariah Damaianti  , Andoyo Sastromiharjo
Published: February 2020

Critical literacy teaching aimed to improve students' ability to be literate about history, experience, language, and culture. In addition, students are able use their environment and culture code to compile reading text. Teaching critical literacy is done by building critical criticism generated through careful and critical assessment. Critical assessment aimed to obtain meaning from the writing and the intended meaning into writing. Critical literacy brings students to gain knowledge of social and cultural events. Teaching literacy is done through four stages which include (1) discrupting the commonplace, (2) interrogating multiple viewpoints, (3) focusing on the socio-political issues, and (4) taking actions.
Character Based Text for Development on V Grade Students of Elementary School
Authors: Burhanuddin Habibi Nasution  , Abdul Rahman  , Syahnan Daulay
Published: February 2020

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La PUISIFY The Form of Application-Based Poetry Learning Media SAC.2.0 on Android
Authors: Dewi Kusumaningsih  , Bety Ayu Windi Ariyanto  , Haryanti Budi Utami  , Krisna Adi Ismaya
Published: February 2020

The study highlights the development of poetry learning instrument using  Smart Application Creator (SAC) 2.0 program for Android. The study belongs to a Research and Development (RnD). The initial exploration included the observation of the Indonesian Language learning instrument utilized by a number of secondary schools which are the former education institutions of the students of Indonesian Language and Literature Department (PBSI) of University of Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo. The result of observation became the underlying framework for the development of poetry learning instrument through the SAC 2.0 program for Android. The design of the learning instrument development refered to the four-D model development that consists of four stages, including define, design, develop, and disseminate. The development model was firstly developed by Thiagarajan, dkk. The findings revealed that Android-based learning instrument had yet been massively utilized for secondary schools. Most of the teachers still rely on the PowerPoint presentation which is displayed through the projector. The development of the learning instrument that refers to the 4D stages has successfully provided an innovative Android-based poetry learning instrument. The instrument has also been disseminated publicly. The new learning instrument is easy in its installation and application through Android devices.

 

Keywords: android, learning instrument, poetry instrument, smart application creator 2.0.

 

Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini mengangkat pengembangan media pembelajaran puisi dengan menggunakan program Smart Aplication Creator 2.0 berbasis andoid. Bentuk penelitian adalah Research and Development (RnD). Eksplorasi awal dengan pengamatan penggunaan media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA-SMA alumni para mahasiswa Progdi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (PBSI) FKIP Universitas Veteran Bantara. Hasil pengamatan dipakai sebagai dasar pengembangan media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia khususnya puisi dengan aplikasi SAC 2.0 di android. Model pengembangan dalam merancang dan membuat media pembelajaran puisi berbasis android ini  menggunakan model pengembangan four-D models yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu Define (pendefinisian), Design (perancangan), Develop (pengembangan) dan Dessiminate (penyebaran). Model pengembangan ini dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, dkk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis andriod di SMA belum digunakan. Guru masih menggunakan media pembelajaran power point serta proyektor saja. Proses pengembangan model media pembelajaran dilakukan sesuai 4 langkah D berhasil membuat inovasi media pembelajaran puisi berbasis adroid yang sudah diseminasikan pada publik. Model media pembelajaran ini mudah diinstal dan diaplikasikan di telepon genggam berbasis android.

 

Kata kunci: andriod,  media pembelajaran, media puisi, smart aplication creator 2.0.
EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSION EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH BADRUSSALAM SURABAYA
Authors: Sopandi Evi
Published: February 2020

This study aims to evaluate the inclusive education program at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Badrussalam Surabaya. The education program aims to improve human resource competencies in increasing abilities. The evaluation model used in this study is the CIPP model (context, input, process, and product) of the qualitative research approach model introduced by Stufflebeam. The results showed that the education program at MI Badrussalam Surabaya had run well in accordance with the education program that had been prepared. However, in the implementation of inclusive education in MI Badrussalam, there are still some deficiencies both in the fields of funding, facilities and infrastructure as well as on the Welfare of mentors and special teachers (GP / K).
Protocol for a systematic review of paediatric meniscal repair
Authors: Malik Dean , Sharma Aadhar , Gupte Chinmay
Published: February 2020

Background Meniscal tears in the paediatric population represent a significant challenge. Improved sensitivity of diagnostic imaging and increased intensity of organised sport among children is in part responsible for an increased incidence of injuries identified. While rare, these injuries have a significant impact on a patient’s future and necessitate timely and meticulous repair. Methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases will be interrogated from inception to November 2019. All primary clinical studies in which paediatric meniscal injuries are treated will be identified and included. Treatment techniques will be grouped according to surgical technique and a further analysis of any papers concomitantly repair anterior cruciate ligaments will also be analysed to identify any superiority. A qualitative synthesis will at first be attempted with further quantitative analysis should heterogeneity of studies allow it. Discussion Paediatric meniscal injuries provide a dilemma for even the most experience surgeon, with no consensus on a preferred treatment option. Outcomes are often poor and can have long-term effects with early onset of osteoarthritis and limitation of future function. As such, this review will be pivotal in identifying the different treatment options being employed for meniscal repair in a paediatric population, if there is any superiority in a given treatment choice and moving towards identified a standard treatment protocol.
The growing environment on Chinese adolescents' non-suicidal self-injury: a parents-reported qualitative study
Authors: Fu Xi , Yang Jiaxin , Liao Xiaoli , Lin Jingjing , Peng Yao , Shen Yidong , Ou Jianjun , Li Yamin
Published: February 2020

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescents and brings a series of serious consequences to their well-being. Previous studies indicated that the growing environment has a significant impact on adolescents with NSSI, which is little known about the Chinese adolescents. The study aims to investigate the growing environment of Chinese adolescents with NSSI and explore the target of intervention in the growing environment of adolescents with NSSI. Methods: The participants are parents of adolescents with NSSI who responded to a study advert, which was distributed in the psychological ward in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and their responses were analyzed by the thematic analysis. Results: 20 participants (16 were mothers, and 4 were fathers) completed the interview. Four themes were identified: Parenting style, Family function, Peer interaction, and Psycho-behavioral factors as well as 14 subthemes. Conclusion: Parents-report demonstrated a series of problems, consisting of Inappropriate parenting style, invalid family function, negative interaction of peer and problematic behavioral factors, etc. This highlight increasing awareness was needed to seek some intervention in the aspects of a growing environment for them.
Exploration of barriers to the uptake of nutritional services among adolescent girls from the rural communities of Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kahsay Amaha , Gebregziabher Hadush , Hadush Znabu , Yemane Dejen , Hailemariam Abebe , Mulugeta Afework
Published: February 2020

Introduction : Adolescence is a time of tremendous physical growth and mental development, with high nutrient requirements. Ethiopia is among a country with high prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among the women of reproductive age group whilst adolescent girls from rural suffer from it disproportionally. However, there is dearth of evidence regarding the barriers that hinder adolescent girls to utilize the available nutritional interventions. Therefore, the current study aimed to qualitatively explore the range of barriers for the uptake of nutritional interventions among adolescent girls in rural communities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Methods and participants : An explorative qualitative study was employed among purposively selected adolescent girls and school teachers form rural districts of Tigrai region of Northern Ethiopian. Nine focused group discussions (FGDs) with adolescent girls (Five with in-school adolescents and four with out-school girls), thirteen in-depth interviews with adolescent girls (Seven in-school girls and six out-school girls) and in-depth interviews with six teachers were conducted using semi-structured guide. Data were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim in local language, translated into English and imported into ATLAS.ti version 7.5 qualitative data analysis software for coding and analysis. Results : Adolescents perceived that stunting, anemia and thinness are among the main nutritional problems in their community. Food insecurity, limited nutrition awareness in the community, limited access to water for drinking and gardening, high workload, service provider’s little attention for adolescents’ nutrition and food taboo were emerged as barriers for the uptake of adolescent girls nutritional interventions. Though limited in reach, available nutritional interventions include awareness creation, nutritional supplementation, and disease prevention. Conclusion : A range of barriers hinder adolescent girls to access nutritional interventions. Food insecurity poses a strong challenge to adolescent girls’ nutrition. As access to safe drinking water continues to be a considerable bottleneck for nutritional interventions, multi-sectoral response to integrate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is required. Bounded by food taboo, high burden of workload among the adolescent girls, women empowerment and nutritional status seem to be the unfinished agenda in resource limited settings such as the rural areas of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia.
Students’ motivation to choose general practice as their career pathwayway: a report from a middle income country, Indonesia
Authors: Nurokhmanti Hikmawati , Claramita Mora , Emilia Ova
Published: February 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Analgesic effectiveness of quadratus lumborum block for patients after abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Xu Chao , Zhu He , Gao Xiuxiu , Guo Lulu , Shi Zeshu , Qi Dun yi
Published: February 2020

Background: A series of studies have reported that quadratus lumborum block (QLB) can have a great postoperative analgesia for lower abdominal surgery. However, a meta-analysis of the analgesic effect of QLB in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery has not been published.Methods： We searched the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (updated to October 15, 2019). We cumulative opioid consumption at 6, 12, 24 and 48h after surgery; pain score (rest and dynamic) at 6, 12, 24 and 48h after surgery; occurrence of common opioid-related complications at 24h after surgery . Opioid consumption as the main outcome.Results：Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 751 patients were analysed. Compared with control group, QLB group can effectively reduce 24 and 48h cumulative opioid consumption 10.1mg (95%CI: -13,-7.2; p<0.00001) and 16.22mg (95%CI: -19.39,13.03; p<0.00001) in patients with cesarean section, but can reduce effectively cumulative opioid consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery at 6, 12 and 24h. Posterior QLB group and transmuscular QLB group reduced 24h cumulative opioid consumption 4.03mg ( 95%CI: -7.89, -0.19; p=0.04) and 12.44mg ( 95%CI: -20.2, -4.68; p=0.002), respectively. QLB group reduced rest visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 12 , 24 and 48 h ,however, the effective reduction of rest VAS score in patients undergoing cesarean section only occurs at 24h after surgery.Conclusion：QLB seems to provide better analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery than patients undergoing cesarean section. Transmuscular QLB appears to have reduced postoperative opioid consumption compared to posterior QLB. More future RCTs are needed to support our conclusions.
O estatuto do trabalho do professor da escola:
Authors: Barra Valdeniza Maria Lopes da
Published: February 2020

De que modo o trabalho do professor da escola comparece no itinerário de institucionalização do estágio no âmbito de políticas e práticas de formação de professores, no intercurso que compreende a Resolução n.9 de 1969 até a política nacional recente de formação de professores no Brasil (PIBID, Residência Pedagógica)?  Esta questão é tratada a partir de documentos de natureza normativa, revisão de literatura e dados de pesquisa envolvendo professores da escola básica/supervisores de estágio, estudo documental de PPP de escolas (campo de estágio) das redes federal, municipal e estadual. A hipótese é a de que há uma naturalização do trabalho desempenhado pelo professor da escola. A falta de reconhecimento do estatuto deste trabalho colocaria o estágio numa zona de invisibilidade que o ameaça, ao mesmo tempo que dele se subtrai as principais características transplantadas para programas paralelos à formação inicial.
Onze Teses Sobre a Relação Entre Psicologia Educacional e Pedagogia Escolar
Authors: Modé Magalhães Giselle
Published: February 2020

O objetivo do presente texto é problematizar a relação entre a ciência psicológica – em sua subárea educacional, e a ciência pedagógica destinada às instituições escolares naquilo em que ambas subsidiam o trabalho pedagógico. Colocamos em tela o enfoque histórico-cultural naquilo em que advoga a natureza do ensino desenvolvente, questão que se implica, a nosso juízo, na necessidade de aclaramento acerca da identidade e especificidades das referidas ciências ao terem a escola como lócus de suas implementações práticas. Para tanto, temos como eixo organizativo deste artigo as contribuições de Dermeval Saviani em seu texto Onze teses sobre educação e política, escrito em 1983. Por analogia ao estudo de Saviani, apresentamos aqui onze teses sobre a relação entre psicologia educacional e pedagogia escolar, as quais analisam as especificidades e semelhanças de cada uma destas ciências, assim como as posiciona na prática social. Concluímos com uma unidade mínima de análise, qual seja: é a psicologia educacional que se subordina à pedagogia escolar, e não o contrário.
La investigación educacional desde la óptica histórico culturalista
Authors: Fariñas León Gloria
Published: February 2020

En el presente artículo se reflexiona acerca de los criterios esenciales para diseñar y evaluar la investigación del aprendizaje y el desarrollo humano desde el punto de vista histórico culturalista. Uno de los propósitos de esta discusión es destacar la contribución de los investigadores de este enfoque en acercar los resultados de la investigación a las exigencias de desenvolvimiento sociocultural actuales y futuras. El enfoque histórico culturalista nos posibilita el planteo de este reto, también desde una postura interdisciplinaria, tal como demanda el avance del pensamiento científico contemporáneo. Especialmente, se puntualizan requisitos que precisan ser más reconocidos en las investigaciones de este campo del conocimiento, acordes con las aspiraciones enunciadas. El análisis tendrá como centro de atención categorías o leyes de esta tradición de pensamiento.
Synergies of Targeting Angiogenesis and Immune Checkpoints in Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinical Applications
Authors: Zhou Shi , Zhang Haijun
Published: February 2020

Background:

Angiogenesis marks key progress in the growth, recurrence, and metastasis of various
cancers. Antiangiogenic drugs can improve the blood supply and oxygen content of tumors and enhance the
effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by normalizing tumor blood vessels and microenvironment. The further
recent developments of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) provide significant progress in cancer immunotherapy.
The study focused on programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen
4 (CTLA-4) blockade, reflecting on the evidence of durable responses among various tumor types. The aim of
this review was to sum up present evidence and clarify the rationale behind supporting the benefits of combining
antiangiogenic drugs with immunotherapy for cancer treatment as well as list the ongoing clinical trials that are
being conducted.

Methods:

Using PubMed and Web of Science, published articles have been searched and comprehensively
reviewed.

Results:

Antiangiogenic agents can trigger antitumor and immunity, and they can also be induced by the immune
system. Combining antiangiogenic drugs with immunotherapy may be effective for the treatment of human cancers.

Conclusion:

It is evidenced that combining angiogenesis inhibitors with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect
thus improving the curative effect of both agents.
Numerical Simulation of Flow in a Wavy Wall Microchannel Using Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Kanchan Mithun , Maniyeri Ranjith
Published: February 2020

Background:

Fluid flow in microchannels is restricted to low Reynolds number regimes and
hence inducing chaotic mixing in such devices is a major challenge. Over the years, the Immersed
Boundary Method (IBM) has proved its ability in handling complex fluid-structure interaction problems.

Objectives:

Inspired by recent patents in microchannel mixing devices, we study passive mixing effects
by performing two-dimensional numerical simulations of wavy wall in channel flow using IBM.

Methods:

The continuity and Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are solved by fractional step
based finite volume method on a staggered Cartesian grid system. Fluid variables are described by
Eulerian coordinates and solid boundary by Lagrangian coordinates. A four-point Dirac delta function
is used to couple both the coordinate variables. A momentum forcing term is added to the governing
equation in order to impose the no-slip boundary condition between the wavy wall and fluid interface.

Results:

Parametric study is carried out to analyze the fluid flow characteristics by varying amplitude
and wavelength of wavy wall configurations for different Reynolds number.

Conclusion:

Configurations of wavy wall microchannels having a higher amplitude and lower
wavelengths show optimum results for mixing applications.
¿Qué hay detrás del café? Transformación agrícola, mercado de tierras y sociedades comerciales en la producción cafetera del Valle del Cauca (1900-1930)
Authors: Delgado Muñoz Brayan
Published: February 2020

Este artículo busca examinar el crecimiento de la producción cafetera en Valle del Cauca entre 1900-1930. Este fenómeno será estudiado desde los factores que lo hicieron posible en el mercado interno, centrando su análisis en dos pilares claves: (i) la expansión de la frontera agraria a nivel comercial (mercado de tierra) y (ii) el papel desempeñado por las casas comerciales especializadas en las actividades de producción, procesamiento y exportación del grano. Los resultados de esta investigación señalan que cada uno de los cambios implementados a nivel regional repercutió en la modernización de la agricultura. Además, se muestra que la exportación de café ayudó a arraigar la conexión con el mercado mundial, lo que a su vez derivó en nuevas oportunidades económicas para los actores (productores, comercializadores y empresarios) al acceder a mercados, créditos, puertos y mercancías. Esta construcción fue posible gracias a la información consignada en las fuentes analizadas dentro del ámbito local y regional, como los protocolos notariales que permitieron detallar las transacciones que efectuaban los actores sobre la tierra y dentro del ámbito de los negocios comerciales, así como las relaciones de crédito existentes; además de la gran variedad de fuentes contemporáneas que entregarían datos sobre el mundo de la economía cafetera.
Estrategias para conectarse con el mundo: puertos del Caribe, redes agenciales y redes marítimas desde Valle del Cauca y Santander (Colombia) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Quejada-Camacho Juan Carlos , Carreño-Tarazona Clara Inés
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo analiza las estrategias de los comerciantes de Santander y Valle del Cauca (Colombia) para conectarse con el mundo durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. El análisis parte de la hipótesis que ambas regiones no se encontraban aisladas, pese a estar lejos del mar, sino que ambas superaron esa barrera con estrategias tendientes a crear redes mercantiles nacionales e internacionales. A partir del concepto de redes mercantiles de Reinhard Liehr, identificamos: los comerciantes, la forma de conectarse a los puertos del Caribe y las redes agenciales y marítimas que construyeron. Finalmente, presentamos una comparación entre ambas regiones, la cual da cuenta de una integración comercial permanente a base de redes que eliminó el aislamiento. Las fuentes de consulta empleadas son: aduanas, manifiestos de importación, periódicos, publicaciones oficiales y registros notariales.
Vai garota: o empreendedorismo feminino na construção da imagem da marca Itaú
Authors: Ferreira Carolina Fabris , Vasconcelos Bruno
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo analisa como as empresas adotam temas acerca da responsabilidade social, cidadania e ativismos como estratégia mercadológica para construir a imagem de suas marcas, numa tentativa de atração e fidelização dos consumidores. Para tal, focamos na construção da marca Itaú, que, ao longo dos anos, foi se afastando da retórica que enfatizava a tecnologia presente em seus produtos e serviços, para se aproximar de causas reivindicadas por movimentos sociais. De forma mais precisa, nossa análise recai sobre as associações entre o sujeito neoliberal e o protagonismo feminino a partir do programa “Itaú Mulher Empreendedora”. O corpus de análise consistiu na plataforma digital do programa e nos materiais ali presentes, nos quais se pode observar que a mulher empreendedora que reforça a marca Itaú passa por diversas características do discurso do sujeito neoliberal. É uma mulher que inova, se reinventa, se reergue, busca seus sonhos. Assim, o programa busca associar o Itaú ao protagonismo feminino e ao empreendedorismo, ao mesmo tempo em que oferece às clientes financiamentos e demais operações de crédito.
Взаимосвязь между константами Никольского – Бернштейна для тригонометрических полиномов и целых функций экспоненциального типа
Authors: Горбачев Дмитрий Викторович , Мартьянов Иван Анатольевич
Published: February 2020

Пусть $$0<p\le \infty,$$ $$\mathcal{C}(n;p;r)=\sup_{T}\frac{\|T^{(r)}\|_{L^{\infty}[0,2\pi)}}{\|T\|_{L^{p}[0,2\pi)}}$$ и $$\mathcal{L}(p;r)=\sup_{F}\frac{\|F^{(r)}\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})}}{\|F\|_{L^{p}(\mathbb{R})}}$$ - точные константы Никольского-Бернштейна для r-х производных тригонометрических полиномов степени n и целых функций экспоненциального типа 1 соответственно. Недавно Е.Левин и Д.Любинский доказали, что для констант Никольского $$\mathcal{C}(n;p;0)=n^{1/p}\mathcal{L}(p;0)(1+o(1)),\quad n\to \infty.$$ М.Ганзбург и С.Тихонов обобщили этот результат на случай констант Никольского-Бернштейна: $$\mathcal{C}(n;p;r)=n^{r+1/p}\mathcal{L}(p;r)(1+o(1)),\quad n\to \infty.$$ Также они показали существование в этой задаче экстремальных полинома $$\tilde{T}_{n,r}$$ и функции $$\tilde{F}_{r}$$ соответственно. Ранее мы дали более точные границы в результате типа Левина-Любинского, доказав, что для всех p и n $$n^{1/p}\mathcal{L}(p;0)\le \mathcal{C}(n;p;0)\le (n+\lceil 1/p\rceil)^{1/p}\mathcal{L}(p;0).$$ Здесь мы устанавливаем близкие факты для случая констант Никольского-Бернштейна, из которых также вытекает асимптотическое равенство Ганзбурга-Тихонова. Результаты формулируется в терминах экстремальных функций $$\tilde{T}_{n,r},$$ $$\tilde{F}_{r}$$ и коэффициентов Тейлора ядра типа Джексона-Фейера $$(\frac{\sin \pi x}{\pi x})^{2s}$$. Мы неявно используем полиномы типа Левитана, возникающие при применении равенства Пуассона. Мы формулируем одну гипотезу о знаках коэффициентов Тейлора экстремальных функций.
PERANCANGAN KABEL TELEPON UDARA UK.100 x 2 x 0.6 mm di PT. SUCACO Tbk. DENGAN MENENTUKAN DIAMETER ISOLASI SESUAI STEL K-001-2003 VERSI 2.1
Authors: Kristanto Yohanes Bayu , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: February 2020

Kabel dirancang untuk mempunyai karaktek tertentu yang mana akan membuatnya cocok untuk tujuan atau penggunaannya. Dalam hal kabel telepon yaitu untuk mentransmisikan suara, maka hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah diameter konduktor dan diameter isolasi, dimensi ini sangat mempengaruhi tahanan konduktor dan nilai mutual capacitance.Selain hal tersebut diatas, pada tiap tahapan prosespun harus diperhatikan hasil dan spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan sehingga apa yang akan di buat dan apa yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan rancangannya.Kata kunci : tahanan konduktor, mutual capacitance
STUDI ANALISIS EFEK PERBEDAAN LOKASI TERHADAP PERFORMANSI VIDEO STREAMING PADA JARINGAN W-LAN INDOSAT
Authors: Atamimi Said
Published: February 2020

Video streaming adalah aplikasi yang dapat melayani kebutuhan user akan data yang bersifat real time. Dengan adanya teknologi wireless LAN, user akan semakin dimudahkan dalam mengakses informasi seperti video streaming kapan saja dan di lokasi mana saja.Penelitian ini ditujukan agar dapat memperlihatkan hasil video streaming dari beberapa lokasi dalam lingkungan kantor Indosat. Dalam percobaan ini menggunakan beberapa perangkat antara lain satu buah server streaming, satu klien yang menggunakan laptop dan AP yang memang sudah ada dalam jaringan LAN Indosat serta skenario lokasi yang telah ditentukan sebagai tempat pengambilan data. Kemudian dilanjutkan pada tahap pengamatan sistem dengan melakukan peng-capture-an paket untuk mendapatkan data berupa throughput, delay, jitter, dan packet loss ratio dari tiap-tiap lokasi yang telah ditentukan.Hasil Penelitian ini, dengan adanya perbedaan lokasi mengakibatkan perbedaan dari kualitas video streaming berdasarkan parameter- parameter yang telah didapat pada percobaan.Kata Kunci : video streaming, wireless LAN, user, coverage