bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Brazilian Obstetricians Regarding Episiotomy
Authors: Cunha Carolina Maria Pires , Katz Leila , Lemos Andrea , Amorim Melania Maria
Published: November 2019

Objective To determine the prevalence of episiotomy and the factors associated with the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Brazilian obstetricians in relation to this procedure.

Methods A KAP survey was conducted with obstetricians working in Brazil. An electronic form containing structured questions previously evaluated using the Delphi method was created in Google Docs and sent by e-mail. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the principal factors associated with adequate KAP. For each dependent variable (knowledge, attitude and practice) coded as adequate (1 = yes; 0 = no), a multiple logistic regression model was developed. Binary codes (1 = yes and 0 = no) were assigned to every independent or predictor variables. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated as measures of relative risk, at a significance level of 5%.

Results Out of the 13 thousand physicians contacted, 1,163 replied, and 50 respondents were excluded. The mean episiotomy rate reported was of 42%. Knowledge was determined as adequate in 44.5% of the cases, attitude, in 10.9%, and practice, in 26.8% of the cases.

Conclusion Most respondents had inadequate knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding episiotomy. Although some factors such as age, teaching, working in the public sector and attending congresses improved knowledge, attitude and practice, we must recognize that episiotomy rates remain well above what would be considered ideal. Adequate knowledge is more prevalent than adequate attitude or practice, indicating that improving knowledge is crucial but insufficient to change the outlook of episiotomies in Brazil.
Multimode nonlinear fiber optics, a spatiotemporal avenue
Authors: Krupa Katarzyna , Tonello Alessandro , Barthélémy Alain , Mansuryan Tigran , Couderc Vincent , Millot Guy , Grelu Philippe , Modotto Daniele , Babin Sergey A. , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: November 2019

We provide a perspective overview of the emerging field of nonlinear optics in multimode optical fibers. These fibers enable new methods for the ultrafast light-activated control of temporal, spatial, and spectral degrees of freedom of intense, pulsed beams of light, for a range of different technological applications.
Biology and management of Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli in the northern grain regions of Australia
Authors: Shabbir Asad , Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Walsh Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli are two important annual grass weeds distributed throughout the summer cropping regions of Australia. Both species are highly problematic weeds, responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in summer grain crops. The success of Echinochloa species as weeds is attributed to their rapid growth, prolific seed production, seed dormancy and adaptability to a wide range of environments. Importantly, E. colona has evolved resistance to glyphosate in Australia, with resistant populations now widespread across the summer cropping regions. Fallow management of E. colona with glyphosate alone is risky in terms of increasing the chance of resistance and highly unsustainable; other control strategies (residual herbicides, strategic tillage, etc.) should be considered to complement herbicides. This review provides a summary of current information on the biology, ecology and management of Echinochloa species. The knowledge gaps and research opportunities identified will have pragmatic implications for the management of these species in Australian grain cropping systems.
Protein-assisted RNA fragment docking (RnaX) for modeling RNA–protein interactions using ModelX
Authors: Delgado Blanco Javier , Radusky Leandro G. , Cianferoni Damiano , Serrano Luis
Published: November 2019

Significance

Protein–RNA interactions, key in biological processes, remained refractory to prediction algorithms. Here we present a new extension of the ModelX tool suite designed for this purpose. RNA–protein complexes in the Protein Data Bank were decomposed into small peptide–oligonucleotide interacting fragment pairs and used as building blocks to assemble big scaffolds representing complex RNA–protein interactions. This method has already been successful for designing DNA–protein and protein–protein interfaces. Areas under the curve up to 0.86 were achieved on binding site prediction showing the accuracy and coverage of our approach over established and in-house benchmarking sets. Together with FoldX protein design tool suite we were able to engineer backbone- and side chain-compatible interfaces using naked protein structures as input.
Body map proto-organization in newborn macaques
Authors: Arcaro Michael J. , Schade Peter F. , Livingstone Margaret S.
Published: November 2019

Significance

This study reports the discovery that large-scale topographic maps of the body exist throughout the entire primate somatosensory and motor systems at birth. Our results suggest that this proto-organization is established prenatally, even in areas that are crucial for coordinating and executing complex, ethologically relevant actions in adults. Given the behavioral immaturity of neonates, this suggests that large-scale body maps precede these action domains. Furthermore, our data can explain how these domains arise in stereotypical locations without the need for prespecification of function. This study demonstrates that topographic representations are a fundamental and pervasive principle of early development, providing the protoarchitecture of the entire brain on which experience-dependent specializations are elaborated postnatally.
Diaspora diplomacy: Nordic and Baltic perspective
Authors: Birka Leva , Kļaviņš Didzis
Published: November 2019

The aim of the article is to offer a comparative overview of the latest developments in the Baltic and Nordic state diaspora engagement policies and outreach practices, and to further the understanding of the term diaspora diplomacy. In this article, diaspora diplomacy is understood as the use of Foreign Service, or other branches of government, to promote the systematic relationship, for mutual benefit, between the country of origin government, diaspora groupings in countries of residence, and the various interest associations in both the country of origin and country of residence. In addition to reviewing the diaspora outreach initiatives of the eight countries, the article also utilizes interviews with representatives of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Baltic and Nordic region. The interviews with government representatives offer insight into how diaspora are regarded, if diasporas are thought of as a resource for the home country, and what are the possible future trajectories for diaspora relations.
Mechanism of modulation of AMPA receptors by TARP-γ8
Authors: Carrillo Elisa , Shaikh Sana A. , Berka Vladimir , Durham Ryan J. , Litwin Douglas B. , Lee Garam , MacLean David M. , Nowak Linda M. , Jayaraman Vasanthi
Published: November 2019

Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system is mediated by glutamate-activated α-amino-5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. In neurons, AMPA receptors coassemble with transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). Assembly with TARP γ8 alters the biophysical properties of the receptor, producing resensitization currents in the continued presence of glutamate. Using single-channel recordings, we show that under resensitizing conditions, GluA2 AMPA receptors primarily transition to higher conductance levels, similar to activation of the receptors in the presence of cyclothiazide, which stabilizes the open state. To study the conformation associated with these states, we have used single-molecule FRET and show that this high-conductance state exhibits tighter coupling between subunits in the extracellular parts of the receptor. Furthermore, the dwell times for the transition from the tightly coupled state to the decoupled states correlate to longer open durations of the channels, thus correlating conformation and function at the single-molecule level.
Pulling-force generation by ensembles of polymerizing actin filaments
Authors: Motahari F , Carlsson A E
Published: November 2019

The process by which actin polymerization generates pulling forces in cellular processes such as endocytosis is less well understood than pushing-force generation. To clarify the basic mechanisms of pulling-force generation, we perform stochastic polymerization simulations for a square array of polymerizing semiflexible actin filaments, having different interactions with the membrane. The filaments near the array center have a strong attractive component. Filament bending and actin-network elasticity are treated explicitly. We find that the outer filaments push on the membrane and the inner filaments pull, with a net balance of forces. The total calculated pulling force is maximized when the central filaments have a very deep potential well, and the outer filaments have no well. The steady-state force is unaffected by the gel rigidity, but equilibration takes longer for softer gels. The force distributions are flat over the pulling and pushing regions. Actin polymerization is enhanced by softening the gel or reducing the filament binding to the membrane. Filament-membrane detachment can occur for softer gels, even if the total binding energy of the filaments to the membrane is 100

or more. It propagates via a stress-concentration mechanism similar to that of a brittle crack in a solid, and the breaking stress is determined by a criterion similar to that of the ‘Griffith’ theory of crack propagation.
Coherence measures based on sandwiched Rényi relative entropy*
Authors: Xu Jianwei
Published: November 2019

Coherence is a fundamental ingredient for quantum physics and a key resource for quantum information theory. Baumgratz, Cramer and Plenio established a rigorous framework (BCP framework) for quantifying coherence [Baumgratz T, Cramer M and Plenio M B Phys. Rev. Lett.
113 140401 (2014)]. In the present paper, under the BCP framework we provide two classes of coherence measures based on the sandwiched Rényi relative entropy. We also prove that we cannot get a new coherence measure f(C(·)) by a function f acting on a given coherence measure C.
Visualization of tunnel magnetoresistance effect in single manganite nanowires*
Authors: Yu Yang , Hu Wenjie , Li Qiang , Shi Qian , Zhu Yinyan , Lin Hanxuan , Miao Tian , Bai Yu , Wang Yanmei , Yang Wenting , Wang Wenbin , Guo Hangwen , Yin Lifeng , Shen Jian
Published: November 2019

We reported a study of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in single manganite nanowire via the combination of magnetotransport and magnetic force microscopy imaging. TMR value up to 290% has been observed in single (La1 − y
Pr
y
)1 − x
Ca
x
MnO3 nanowires with varying width. We find that the TMR effect can be explained in the scenario of opening and blockade of conducting channels from inherent magnetic domain evolutions. Our findings provide a new route to fabricate TMR junctions and point towards future improvements in complex oxide-based TMR spintronics.
Perspectives and problematic issues in the development of heat transfer enhancement methods at boiling and evaporation
Authors: Pavlenko A N
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an analysis of modern methods of heat transfer intensification and critical heat flux increase during boiling and evaporation using micro-nanostructuring of surface. Special attention is paid to the analysis of such promising methods of modifying heat-transfer surfaces as the application of combined microstructured surfaces/coatings by SLM/SLS (3-D printing), the organization of structures with contrast wettability on the micro-scale. The conclusions formulated on the basis of generalization of results of complex research on studying of heat transfer, transitional and crisis phenomena at boiling in the conditions of free convection, at evaporation and boiling in flowing down films and in thin horizontal layers of liquids at use of various types of microstructuring of heat- transfer surfaces are presented.
The effect of chemical interaction on the morphology of metal-carbon composites formed in a graphite arc
Authors: Smovzh D V
Published: November 2019

This work deals with the analysis of mechanism of nanostructured composite formation at joint electric-arc spraying of graphite electrodes with addition of various elements. It is shown that the morphology of nanoparticles, formed at condensation of carbon vapors with the additive elements that have similar pressures of saturated vapors, can vary significantly. This difference is explained by chemical interaction of an additive element with the carbon matrix.
Numerical study of the screw rotors for small scale hydropower
Authors: Platonov D V , Minakov A V , Dekterev D A , Dekterev A A , Dekterev Ar A , Lobasov A S
Published: November 2019

This paper reports on the investigation of screw rotors with different geometric parameters by numerical simulation. The study was performed for the free flow around a fully submerged system. The effect of the inner shaft diameter, the rotor screw pitch and running frequency on the energy characteristics, as well as the torque on a shaft and generated power are shown. Following up upon the conducted research of the screw rotor the geometric parameters and operating modes, which allow achieving maximum effectiveness at the same initial parameters, were determined.
CABARET scheme for modelling the stratification erosion in gas mixtures in hydrogen mitigation experiments for reactor safety
Authors: Yu Glotov V , Goloviznin V M , Kanaev A A , Kondakov V G , Kiselev A E
Published: November 2019

Experiments on atmosphere mixing and stratification in the large scale experimental facility (PANDA), where the initial helium stratification in a vessel is eroded by a vertical jet of steam, were simulated with the CABARET scheme. Good agreement between calculated and measured gas temperature and concentrations has been achieved by refining the mesh and adding the model of radiative heat transfer. The simulation results are presented and discussed.
Investigation of a viscous fluid drain under the pressure drop with simultaneous filling of a rectangular tank
Authors: Borzenko E I , Hegaj E I , Shrager G R
Published: November 2019

In this work the study of the hydrodynamic process, realized when a viscous fluid is drain from a triangular tank with simultaneous filling of a rectangular tank in a plane approximation, was carried out. The flow is described system of equations which is composed of Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation in dimensionless variables. On the solid wall the no-slip conditions are specified. On free surfaces, the continuity conditions for normal and tangential stresses are satisfied. At the initial moment of time the fluid in drain tank is located. At the moment when the free surface reaches the level of the drain orifice, the drain tank is again considered to be filled of fluid. According to this a continuous drain process is carried out until the lower tank is completely filled without gas breakthrough from of the drain tank. The formulated problem is solved numerically using the PLIC VOF method. Parametric studies of this process were conducted. Different regimes of free surfaces formation for both the draining process and the filling process have been identified depending on the values of the determining parameters. The distribution of the kinematic characteristics of the flow is obtained.
Study of the heat transfer dynamics when a drop of liquid falls on a heated surface
Authors: Ponomarenko T G , Cheverda V V
Published: November 2019

The work is devoted to an experimental study of the heat transfer when a water drop falls on a heated horizontal surface, which is a thin constantan foil coated with a fluoropolymer film. Using infrared thermography data, the temperature distributions on the opposite side of the foil from the drop are obtained. The graphs of the temperature distribution along the line passing through the center of the foil with the drop is plotted. The data obtained will be used to calculate the heat flux density in the region of the dynamic contact line of the drop.
Investigating the effect of decompression rate on the synthesis of carbon dioxide gas hydrate by the method of explosive boiling of a liquefied hydrate gas
Authors: Meleshkin A V , Glezer V V , Bartashevich M V , Kozlov A N
Published: November 2019

The article is part of a comprehensive study of the method by synthesis of gas hydrate based on the explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water during decompression. Carbon dioxide is used as hydrate-forming gas. This article explores the effect of decompression rates on the amount of gas transferred to a gas hydrate at an initial gas temperature of 2 ° C.
The influence of surface structuring on evaporation of sessile drops of water
Authors: Yu Borodulin V , Letushko V N , Nizovtsev M I , Sterlyagov A N
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the evaporation of sessile water droplets on smooth and structured surfaces of Teflon fluoropolymer. Using high-speed microphotographs, data were obtained on the change in the contact angle and the diameter of the contact spot of water droplets during evaporation on smooth and structured surfaces. Using the method of infrared thermography, the dynamics of changes in the average temperature of water droplets during evaporation was investigated. The results show that the structure of the surface has a decisive influence on the change in the geometric parameters and temperature of the sessile water droplets.
Effect of rotation on impurity distribution in crystal growth by Bridgman method
Authors: Fedyushkin A I , Burago N G , Puntus A A
Published: November 2019

This work is devoted to the numerical (FE) study of the influence of crucible and submerged heater rotation on the distribution of doping gallium in germanium crystals grown by Bridgman method with submerged heater. The influence of crucible and submerged heater rotation on the impurity distribution in the melt and in the crystal for constant and oscillating rotation speeds is shown for the earth conditions and weightlessness conditions.
Influence of thermal treatment on the phase transitions of high-strength laser welding joints of aluminium-lithium alloys
Authors: Malikov A G , Orishich A M , Bulina N V
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of analysis of the laser welding and epy following thermal treatment influence on the phase transitions and strength characteristics of aluminiumlithium alloy of the system Al-Mg-Li. The influence of the welded joints after-treatment (quenching and artificial ageing) on the structural and phase composition has been studied for different modes. It is shown that the quenching procedure changes the microstructure of the basic alloy and welded joint, and the mechanical characteristics in the alloy and welded joint were successfully equalized, so the sample composition was maximally homogenized.
Theoretical investigation of thermodynamic properties of tetrabutylammonium bromide ionic clathrate hydrate
Authors: Subbotin O S , Gets K V , Bozhko Yu Yu , Belosludov V R , Zhdanov R K
Published: November 2019

In the framework of the lattice dynamics method, the densities of the phonon states of tetrabutylammonium bromide ionic clathrate hydrate have been found. The dynamic stability of the hydrate is shown for a number of temperatures. Using the developed statistical-thermodynamic theory, the free energy curves have been constructed for a wide range of temperatures at different unit cell volumes and, based on the calculated data, the lines of thermal expansion of the hydrate have been constructed.
Influence of radiative heat transfer on the sublimation of a single chromium (III) β-diketonate particle in the superheated mixture of vapor-inert gas
Authors: Lebeda K S , Makarov M S , Makarova S N
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of nonstationary sublimation of spherical particles of Cr(acac)3, floating in the volume of a binary mixture (argonsuperheated vapor of precursor) in a reactor with hot walls. The influence of the vapor content, reactor wall temperature and radiative heat transfer on the kinetics of sublimation/desublimation are analyzed. The characteristic times of induction and total sublimation, as well as the intensity of mass entrainment from the surface of particles of different sizes are determined. The influence of radiation from the hot walls of the sublimator on these parameters is determined.
Experimental study of the dissociation of natural methane hydrate in the channel in the presence of air flow
Authors: Misyura S Y , Morozov V S
Published: November 2019

Experimental studies have been carried out on the combustion of natural gas hydrate at different rates of oxidant U (air) in the laminar flow regime and at a fixed channel height. It is established that the dissociation rate J is related to the velocity U in a non-linear manner. With an increase in rate from 0 to 0.6 m/s, the dissociation rate increases and reaches a maximum. With a further increase in rate, J decreases. The dissociation rate does not depend on the initial concentration of methane in the sample. Experimental dependences of the effect of U on the dissociation rate of a natural hydrate in a channel have been obtained for the first time. The conducted studies are important for further development of natural hydrate combustion technologies.
Numerical studies of the internal waves interaction with the Black Sea shelf topography at spring-summer stratification
Authors: Ya Shul’ga T , Svishcheva I A , Plastun T V
Published: November 2019

This work investigates the regional specifics of the appearance and propagation of internal waves at the shelf of the Black Sea. The parameters of horizontal inhomogeneity associated with changes in the bottom relief and density of seawater that lead to instability and destruction of internal waves are studied. The numerical experiments for the spring and summer seasons on transects normal to the coast are conducted using data of temperature and salinity from the Bank of oceanographic data of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS. The article touches upon the actual theme of adaptation of satellite images obtained from open sources when solving oceanographic problems. The result of the processing of remote sensing data was information about the speeds and wavelengths for the observed phenomena. These values are used to recover the depth of the seasonal pycnocline within a two-layer approximation of the vertical density structure. For different bottom slopes and seasonal profiles of the buoyancy frequency, sites are determined where the transition from supercritical to critical or subcritical conditions is possible in the region of the Crimean coast.
Implementation of the immersed boundary method for solving problems of fluid dynamics with moving bodies
Authors: Filimonov S A , Gavrilov A A , Dekterev A A
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the implementation of the immersed boundary method (IBM) for grids consisting of arbitrary cells. This approach allows to combine the IBM with the body-fitted method (BFM). The implementation is based on the combination of the “ghost-cell” method and penalization method. The paper presents the IBM to determine the basic design parameters and the results of the verification of the method for laminar and turbulent flow regimes for both Newtonian and viscoplastic fluids. In the last test, the method was used to simulate a flow in an annular channel with the orbital motion of the inner cylinder.
Numerical simulation of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard mercury convection in a circular cylinder with introducing small deviations from the axisymmetric formulation
Authors: Smirnov S I , Abramov A G , Smirnov E M
Published: November 2019

Results of DNS are reported for turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard mercury convection (Pr = 0.025) in a cylindrical container with the aspect ratio of unity at the Rayleigh number of Ra = 106. The main goal of the study is to estimate the influence of small deviations from the axisymmetric formulation on the behavior of large-scale circulation (LSC) developing in the container. The deviations examined are a small tilt of the cylinder or prescribed sinusoidal disturbances of the bottom wall temperature. The effects of the computational grid structure in the central region of the flow are investigated as well. It has been shown that the azimuthal low-frequency reorientations of the LSC, which are typical for the axisymmetric problem setting, can be fully suppressed by imposing relatively small non-axisymmetric disturbances of various kinds. Time-averaged 3D velocity and temperature fields, as well as spatial non-uniformities of local heat transfer are analyzed for a “locked” LSC case.
Hydrodynamic analysis of a flow in a mixed core
Authors: Noskov A S , Falkov A A , Shipov D L , Lukyanov V E , Morozkin O N
Published: November 2019

This paper provides data on the performed analysis of hydrodynamics characteristics and calculation of crossflow distribution in a PWR mixed core. The analysis was realized using the subchannel thermal-hydraulic code VIPRE-01 and the CFD code STAR-CCM+. The paper sets out recommendations on choosing the computational model detailing and adjustment for the subchannel code. The analysis has shown that the mixed core model in VIPRE-01 takes into account the coolant flow redistribution correctly and provides the possibility of using this code for DNBR analysis in the mixed cores.
Studying firebrands interaction with flat surface of various wood construction materials in laboratory conditions
Authors: Kasymov D P , Tarakanova V A , Martynov P S , Agafontsev M V
Published: November 2019

The behavior of wood building materials (plywood, oriented strand board, particle board) exposed to burning and smoldering firebrands is investigated in this work. To control the temperature on the surface of the samples, an infrared camera (JADE J530SB) with a 2.5–2.7 micron optical filter that can record the temperature in the range of 300–800 °C was used. The Canon HF R88 video camera was used to evaluate the ignition delay and the behavior of firebrands after falling onto the surface of wood building material samples. In the wind speed range of 0–1 m/s, the ignition of the samples was not observed. A small amount of additional oxidant influx in the landing zone of firebrands caused their slow smoldering on the surface until complete combustion. Thus, it can be concluded that smoldering natural firebrands does not affect the ignition of wood building material samples for the selected experimental parameters. The probability of ignition and the ignition delay of wood were determined depending on the size and number of firebrands, the presence of the air flow in the landing zone of particles, as well as on the initial temperature of wood. The experimental temperature distribution was obtained on the surface of wood exposed to the model ground fire using infrared thermography.
Method of measuring the geometry of rotating parts of power stations based on the effect of self-mixing of laser radiation
Authors: Kulikov D V , Chubov A S , Yu Sadbakov O , Krotov S V , Ovchinnikov N N
Published: November 2019

This paper is referred to the development of a method for measuring the geometry of rotating parts of power stations based on the effect of self-mixing of laser radiation. The method is based on spectral analysis of the photodiode signal using narrowband and threshold filtering in the frequency domain. A relative measurement error of 0.5% was achieved when measuring the surface of the rotating rotor modules of the power plant under laboratory conditions.
Influence of the working fluid thermophysical parameters variation on the gas turbine cycle performance
Authors: Filippov P S , Tolmachev E M , Bogatova T F , Ryzhkov A F
Published: November 2019

The thermodynamic analysis of effect of the syngas combustion products (working fluid) thermophysical parameters variation on the economic and energy parameters of the gas turbine cycle is described. The thermodynamic analysis of Brayton cycle performance on various compositions of working fluid within a selected range of control parameters variation is presented. A gas turbine working fluid database was generated based on the analysis of flow diagram and operating regime of the production and design alternative gas-fired CCPP. The relationship between the cycle thermodynamic (pressure and temperature) and thermophysical parameters of the working fluid, which ensures gas turbine cycle maximum work, is derived analytically and supported by the well-known actual data.
Investigation of characteristics of the liquid-fluid burner device spraying unit using IPI method
Authors: Anufriev I S , Yu Shadrin E , Kopyev E P , Sharypov O V
Published: November 2019

Two-phase gas-droplet flow at used transmission oil spraying by high-speed air jet has been experimentally investigated using interferometric method (IPI). Data on the dispersed composition of the air-fuel jet have been obtained in a wide range of operating parameters (air and fuel flow rates) corresponding to the area of stable operation of the burner. Dependences of droplet sizes in the flow on the regime parameters have been established.
Classification of Atomization Devices
Authors: Yu Vasilyev A , Domrina E S , Kaufman S V , Maiorova A I
Published: November 2019

Analysis of a great number of works allows concluding that many types of GTE and GTU nozzles can be divided into 3 main groups and 3 intermediate (composite) groups. The developed general classification of atomizers with descriptions of their operating principles, advantages and disadvantages is used to select a type of device for development. The most promising type chosen from descriptions given in the paper is the one with atomization of fuel by high-speed air flow.
A Brief Review on scheduling algorithms of MapReduce Optimization Techniques
Authors: Lavanya R , Malhotra Jeevanshu , Swaminathan Rajeshwari
Published: November 2019

With the increase in size and complexity if modern datasets, the world is faced with new challenges in the automation and scalability of the very large data sets. Scheduling has been an active area of research in computing systems since their inception. The main objective is to study MapReduce framework, MapReduce model, scheduling in hadoop, various scheduling algorithms and various optimization techniques in job scheduling. Scheduling algorithms of MapReduce model using hadoop vary with design and behaviour, and are used for handling many issues like data locality, awareness with resource, energy and time.
A Modern Methodology Enabling Smart Agricultural System
Authors: Saravanan P. , Zakirah P.A. Azraa , Poojitha Bachala , Kavya S.
Published: November 2019

Agriculture is the backbone of our country. However, in spite of all the development, Indians still follow the old methods. It is necessary for the farmers to have knowledge of the amounts of the macronutrients and micronutrients present in the soil. Lab testing method will not be able to visualize the soil nutrients for the live monitoring. This project is intended to provide the soil testing services at farmers door step by determining the amount of macronutrients present in the soil. Measurement of NPK contents of the soil is necessary to decide how much extra contents of these nutrients are to be added in the soil to increase crop fertility. This will improve the quality of the soil which in turn yields a good quality crop. To fulfill increasing demand of growing population over the years there is a need of increase in food production. To increase crop yield, fertilizers containing predominantly N, P and K are essential. Improper use of fertilizers in turn results in poor quality of fruits and vegetables, lagging in colour, size, taste and even quantity. Over-application of fertilizers has caused low fertilizer usage efficiency, resulting in low agricultural product quality, serious environmental pollution, etc. Quantity of NPK is dependent on crop type and on plant growth status. How much quantity of fertilizer to be used is further dependent on present contents of NPK in the soil. The project is implemented using a technology called WUSN which is used to detect the amount of NPK present in the soil and an automatic soil fertilizer dispensing robot is used to dispense only the required amount of fertilizers in the soil based on the data obtained by the sensors.
Watch Regulated Medical Heli-Carriage Using DCS Automation
Authors: Subashini P. , Chattopadhyay Sancharee , Sarkar Sikta , Sharma Sushmita
Published: November 2019

In 21st century, the medical industry is tending to reach its pinnacle, unattended and ignored medical emergencies still remain a loophole in the system. Hence this paper proposes the idea of medical heli-carriage. The proposed system promises to reach the patient irrespective of local traffic conditions, variable terrains and climatic conditions. It employs solar power as the primary energy source and also has sufficient battery backup in case of inadequate solar energy. Under any unlikely event of technical fault in the system, it will acknowledge the nearest medical heli-carriage available and the task will be rescheduled to the latter. It will be capable of carrying first aid medical instruments along with two institutional staffs and the patient. Under any critical situation, the patient will tap on the smart watch, which will send a signal to the nearest hospital. The GPS location of the received signal will be tracked by the hospital and fed into the heli-carriage so that it can reach the very location to the earliest. Hence, the system can prove out to be a revolutionary step in the modern medical industry.
An Enhanced Scheme of Excluding Compromised Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Aparnaa M , Dhanush Krishna S , Amaran Sibi , Maheswari S , Soundarya R
Published: November 2019

Any system or network is always susceptible to attacks. If an adversary has access to the network, they may disrupt the network in several ways. Sybil attack, selective forwarding, tampering, etc., are some of the attacks that disrupt the network. If the sensor network is employed in critical areas such as warzones or border protection systems, any attack or breach of security may prove to be fatal. Therefore, proper security mechanisms have to be integrated into the system to ensure that the data remains secure. In our project, we intend to identify and isolate the compromised nodes that selectively forwards data packets. The proposed protocol uses a reputation based system to determine the integrity of the neighboring nodes. Once a compromised node has been identified, that node is excluded from further communication after verification from base station.
Integration of Assembling Nodes Using Master Slave
Authors: Kowsik Siddarth.N , Shruthi Natarajan , Amaran Sibi , Aishwarya D
Published: November 2019

Clustering is one important method for extending the network energy in WSNs. It mires grouping of sensor nodes into clusters and recruiting cluster Head (CHs) for all the clusters. CHs rally the data from relevant cluster’s nodes and forward the accumulated data to cluster Master. WSN are inclusive to various attacks in which Blackhole a kind of Denial of Service (DoS) attack is very crucial to encounter and defend the mechanism. The attackers elect a set of neighbor nodes in the network and reconstruct the route to downfall the received packets instead of forwarding them to the sink node, which will emerge in a situation where packets enter the blackhole area but never reaches the destination resulting in higher end-to-end delay and decline in the throughput. In this paper, We use SHA(Secure Hashing algorithm) Cluster based Futuristic Method for detecting black hole attack in WSNs. By using the proposed technique we adapts filtering technique to the attacker and prevent from the BlackHole attacker and improving the performance such as throughput, delay and packet delivery ratio.
Analysing Food Allergy Dataset to Predict Different Types of Allergies
Authors: Sowmiya B. , Ramaswamy Rahul , Shukla Tanmai
Published: November 2019

To analyse allergy dataset and find which food item contains allergy causing chemicals. Nourishment hypersensitivities have dependably been a general medical issue yet are winding up more applicable around the world. There are a few chemicals which are present in different food items causing a particular kind of allergy. The main idea of the paper is to analyse those food items and put them into different groups based on the allergy being caused, which can help people choose which food item to avoid easily. With no fix accessible, individuals experiencing food allergies need to entirely maintain a strategic distance from real allergens, for example, eggs, shellfish, nuts, wheat, and soybeans. That is on the grounds that even somewhat undesirable or unfavorably susceptible substance can cause serious indications in a few people, possibly prompting hypersensitivity and death. The paper aims to survey on the above mentioned problems.
Detection of Melanoma Cancer Cell by Designing a SPR Based Biosensor
Authors: Chandra Shekar N , Rakshitha B S , Mamatha N , Chetan H , Jyoti M R , Suganya S
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the Nano cavity Implementation of the biosensors in the detection of melanoma cancer tissue. The key challenge in the work is to provide the accuracy for the biosensors and the results are obtained. The developed design shows a path advancing field of medical aspects with the development of Nano plasmon technologies. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology is used, the concept depends on the refractive index of the selected slab layer. The refractive index material of the normal cancer by comparing it with the refractive index of the melanoma cancer tissue in order to know the tissue is cancerous are non-cancerous. Sensitivity for different sensor design is investigated. The overall highest sensitivity obtained is 300 nm/RIU for 1550 nm of wavelength.
Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IoT
Authors: Senthamilarasi N. , Bharathi N. Divya , Ezhilarasi D. , Sangavi R.B.
Published: November 2019

The overall percentage of child abusements filed nowadays in the world is about 80%, out of which 74% are girl children and the rest are boys. For every 40 seconds, a child goes missing in this world. Children are the backbone of one’s nation, if the future of children was affected, it would impact the entire growth of that nation. Due to the abusements, the emotional and mental stability of the children gets affected which in turn ruins their career and future. These innocent children are not responsible for what happens to them. So, parents are responsible for taking care of their own children. But, due to economic condition and aims to focus on their child’s future and career, parents are forced to crave for money. Hence, it becomes difficult to cling on to their children all the time. In our system, we provide an environment where this problem can be resolved in an efficient manner. It makes parents to easily monitor their children in real time just like staying beside them as well as focusing on their own career without any manual intervention.
Power Assisted Exoskeleton with Length Adjustable Spring based Passive Counterbalance
Authors: Jones Joseph Jebaraj.D , Uthranarayan C , Manoj Kumar.G , Keerthana S
Published: November 2019

Powered exoskeletons can help in the rehabilitation of the elderly and those who have suffered accidental loss of motion due to problems in the Central Nervous system. Additionally exoskeletons act as a protection to the wearer. The current information age has seen tremendous development in the fields of robotics and prosthetics. Humanoid robots like ASIMO are being developed and these robots can perform tasks similar to those performed by a human being. Advancements in prosthetics have helped people who have lost limbs to regain complete functionality by replacing those limbs with prosthetic limbs controlled by signals from the brain. This article describes about the design and development of a spring counterbalanced exoskeleton which allows the wearer to carry more load with minimal effort.
Organic farming in India: Concept, applications and Perspectives
Authors: Krishnaprabu S.
Published: November 2019

Organic farming is acknowledged as crop production system which can sustain health of soils, ecosystems and people by combining tradition, innovation and improved farm technology. Major components generally adopted by farmers include untreated seed, biomanures and biofertilizers, biopesticides, manurecompost/vermicompost and crop diversification. Availability of organic farm inputs, certification and marketing network being the constraints for an average farmer, Indian government launched the movement by establishing national centre and regional sub-centres. In coming years, with changing pattern in consumerism, organic farming may help in providing people with foods and food products without chemicals and toxins.
Li-Fi based data transmission and analysis using IoT platform
Authors: Revathi G. , Sujana G , kavyasree Arkadu , srinivasan Ananya , Vijay harish S , Sona S
Published: November 2019

To transfer the basic information radio communication technologies, like Bluetooth, global positioning system (GPS) and Wi-Fi are used. The need to transmit the data wirelessly and more efficiently is must even so radio communication technologies are universal, limitations of Radio communication technology relies on overpopulation and interference with many other radio applications. For transferring the data through a wireless medium a study has been organized proving the use of visible light. So instead of using a basic radio waves as a communication medium we use visible light and this new technology is called Light fidelity (Li-Fi). The research community has been attracted by the Li-Fi technologies. Because of the modernity there is a need to support the technology. Many leading companies are working on manufacturing of light fidelity (Li-Fi) projects precisely many surveys and research has been organized on this Li-Fi technology. Data is collected from multiple environments through visible light and enhance services in many sectors by making intelligent decisions obtained data are evaluated and processed.
Gestures Controlled Audio Assistive Software for the Voice Impaired and Paralysis Patients
Authors: Chanu Oinam Robita , Mishra Shubhanvit , Gupta Nilkantha , Lhazay Nyelham
Published: November 2019

Voice impairment is a barrier to the treatment of old age neurodegenerative disorders and paralysis where patients fail to convey their thoughts to doctors and caretaker. Though voice enhancers are available it’s very costly. The aim of our research work is to develop a ‘Gestures Controlled Audio Assistive Software’ (GECAS) which make the subject’s life easier and available free of cost to the people. The objective is to design software which enables severe cerebral palsy and also the voice impaired people to vocalize their basic needs like water, food, doctor and lavatory through a facial and body gesture. Our designed software is compartmentalized into two modules; one detecting subject’s gestures using Camera mouse and the other responding in audio output. It is created using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 (a freemium platform) which open sourced. The designed software is implemented and tested on 32 subjects and the result was analyzed using statistical tool Minitab. The conclusion of the result showed impaired patients can operate the software as effectively and efficiently as a normal person which may help the subject to live more independent life and make their treatment easier.
Identification Of Ripe And Unripe Citrus Fruits Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fiona Mrs Rex , Thomas Shreya , Maria Isabel J , Hannah B
Published: November 2019

Agriculture has a major role in the economic development of our country. Productive growth and high yield production of fruits is essential and required for the agricultural industry. Application of image processing has helped agriculture to improve yield estimation, disease detection, fruit sorting, irrigation and maturity grading. Image processing techniques can be used to reduce the time consumption and has made it cost efficient. In this paper, we have provided a survey to address these challenges using image processing techniques.
Wireless Power Transfer Using Rectenna
Authors: Keerthana S. , Uthranarayan C. , Rajalakshmi V. , Ramya A.
Published: November 2019

Radio frequency (RF) harvesting technologies are bewitching a huge number of people as they are enormously available in the atmosphere. These energies are received and converted to useful DC energy which can be used to charge electrical devices which need low power consumption. Here, in this paper a microstrip square patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is proposed having a dimension of 29.2mm × 29.2mm, which is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4 with a thickness of about 1.2 mm. L-shaped matching network is designed for maximum power transfer between the antenna and the rectifier. HSMS-2850 zero bias Schottky diode is used as a rectifier. The RF-DC rectification is done with an efficiency of 42.8% at -7dBm at 2.45 GHz.
Intelligent Chatbot Model to Enhance the Emotion Detection in social media using Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Balaji M. , Yuvaraj N.
Published: November 2019

A Chatbot is like a digital assistant, can be pretrained or have self learning capability. It can be trained to understand the user queries and respond in natural language of the user during a conversation. Chatbot can actively help human to involve in a digital conversation since it can make use of the natural language processing. The existing Chatbot enhances the communication but it does not improvise the information when it is needed. And sometimes they go beyond the topic during conversation which is a major drawback. The proposed bot could identify the emotional status of the users and can provide suggestions using Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network and tensor flow library functions. The popularity of the chat bots lets our system to be used for much variety of applications. These chat bots be used to automate the various fields like e-learning, e-government and web based models.
Virtual Friendly Device for Women Security
Authors: Sumathy B. , Shiva P.Deepan , Mugundhan P. , Rakesh R. , Prasath S.Sai
Published: November 2019

Crimes against women is becoming a daily routine in our country, nowadays. An increased demand persists in developing safety devices for ensuring safe and secure environment for women. The main aim is to develop a “Virtual Friendly” device, to safeguard themselves while in trouble. The proposed system developed consists of GPS, GSM modem, Microcontroller (LPC812), RF transceiver, Temperature Sensor, Voice Recognizer. GPS Receiver gets the location information from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude. The Microcontroller processes this information and this processed information is sent to the POLICE control room. The temperature sensor senses the body temperature continuously. SMS alert will be sent in case of low temperature which indicates emergency condition. The system can be activated by the user by themselves, when they are in need of self-defense. Features such as Alarm sound, voice recognition are added to the system to ensure optimum efficiency. The voice recognizer circuit is used to send command with voice by using the codes SAVE ME and HELP ME. The device is designed as a portable kit and easily operated, so that any women can easily carry with them anywhere and everywhere.