bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Characteristics of Allergic Asthma in a Sample of Dairy Farmers
Authors: Stoleski Sasho , Minov Jordan , Mijakoski Dragan , Atanasovska Aneta , Bislimovska Dragana , Karadzinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Donovski Kire
Published: September 2024

AIM: The objective of the study is to evaluate the prevalence characteristics of allergic asthma in a sample of dairy farmers.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study including 83 dairy farmers (mean age: 52.6 ± 8.7 years; mean exposure duration: 23.7 ± 7.6 years) compared to 80 office controls (mean age: 52.7 ± 8.2 years) matched for age, smoking habits, and socioeconomic status. Methods of evaluating examined subjects included a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms in the past 12 months, baseline spirometry and histamine challenge, and skin prick tests to standard inhalant and occupational allergens.
RESULTS: The frequency of asthma was non-significantly higher in dairy farmers than in controls (7.2% vs. 5%). The frequency of allergic asthma was non-significantly higher in dairy farmers than in controls (6% vs. 3.8%). The frequency of allergic asthma was significantly higher compared to non-allergic asthma in both groups, while the frequency of subjects with allergic asthma who are sensitized to occupational allergens (wheat, corn, rye, cow hairs, molds) was similar in dairy farmers and controls. The risk of sensitization to occupational allergens was non-significantly higher among dairy farmers with allergic asthma (OR = 1,39 [0,18–12,28] CI 95%), compared to office controls. The risk for asthma development was non-significantly higher in subjects sensitized to occupational allergens compared to those who are not sensitized to them both in dairy farmers (OR = 2.00 [0.11–40.60] CI 95%) and office controls (OR = 3.00 [0.00–197.11] CI 95%). The risk for asthma development was about 4 times higher in subjects with atopy compared to those without atopy among dairy farmers (OR = 4.00 [0.22–104.88] CI 95%), while in office controls was almost identical (OR = 1.00 [0.00–39.77] CI 95%). Having in mind sensitization to certain inhalant allergens, asthma was significantly associated with sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus both in dairy farmers (p < 0.01) and office controls (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that occupational exposure among dairy farmers was associated with a higher prevalence respiratory symptoms, lung function impairment, and allergic asthma development. Study findings also can contribute in the detection of critical points for action, predict asthma development, and indicate the need for reduction of adverse occupational exposures by appropriate preventive measures, use of respiratory protective equipment, and implementation of engineering controls.
Atopic Dermatitis as a Precursor to Early Onset of Recurrent Wheeze, Bronchiolitis, and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Risteska-Nejasmic Valentina
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION: Childhood asthma frequently escapes timely diagnosis, a consequence of inadequate parental education, societal prejudices, and health-care professionals’ limited knowledge. Bringing attention to atopic dermatitis (AD) as an early indicator of childhood asthma can enhance awareness about the elevated risk of recurrent wheezing, bronchiolitis, and asthma in children, thereby advancing their care and treatment.
AIM: The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between AD and the occurrence of recurrent wheezing, bronchiolitis, as well as asthma, in children aged 0–3 years. The findings of this research aim to contribute to early detection practices and guide the implementation of suitable treatment strategies for this vulnerable age group.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, retrospective data were gathered from health records at the Pediatric Primary Health Care Practice - “Vitalino” in Veles, North Macedonia. The analysis encompassed 414 children aged 0–3 years, spanning the years 2019–2022. The primary focus of the investigation was on children exhibiting early- onset AD and its association with recurrent wheezing, as well as bronchiolitis and the development of early childhood asthma.
RESULTS: The conducted statistical analyses, including measures such as prevalence, odds ratio, and multiple regression, revealed a significant association between AD and the early occurrence of recurrent wheezing. In addition, the analyses demonstrated a noteworthy association not only between AD and early recurrent wheezing but also between AD and childhood asthma. Moreover, a significant connection was identified between bronchiolitis and childhood asthma. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interrelationships among AD, bronchiolitis, and the early onset of childhood asthma.
CONCLUSION: This study confirms that children under the age of 3 years who have early-onset AD are significantly more susceptible to recurrent wheezing and asthma. It is crucial to identify AD as a potential early indicator of childhood asthma. This knowledge can enhance awareness among health-care professionals and parents, leading to earlier detection of asthma symp to more effective management strategies for these young patients.
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in SFS – Marrow Donor Registry (MK-SFSMDR): Feasibility in Identifying Better Donors
Authors: Andonoska Emilija , Spiroska Katerina , Vučurević Ana , Spiroski Ivo , Fildishevska Teodora , Spiroski Mirko
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Different Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) genes are relevant for each donor-recipient pair based on the degree of human leukocyte antigen matching and the specific leukemia subtype. The inhibitory or non-inhibitory effects of haplotype B among unrelated or sibling transplants are a perfect example for inconsistent results. Donors possessing KIR B haplotype show a correlation with decreased relapse risks and enhanced disease-free survival following unrelated donor transplants for acute myeloid leukemia.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the KIR gene polymorphism in Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI-Marrow Donor Registry (MK-SFSMDR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 516 healthy unrelated individuals, aged 18–55 years. All individuals were registered donors of the MK-SFSMDR, having signed a Marrow Donor Registration form and provided buccal swabs for analysis. KIR gene content typing was performed by HistoGenetics Lab (Ossining, NY 10562, USA) on Illumina platform. Data analysis was performed using the population genetics analysis package Arlequin.
RESULTS: We found that all 16 KIR genes were observed in the MK-SFSMDR donors and framework genes KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2, and KIR3DL3 were present in all individuals. The observed frequencies of other KIR genes were as follows: KIR2DP1 (0.971), KIR2DL1 (0.971), KIR2DL2 (0.562), KIR2DL3 (0.882), KIR2DL5 (0.523), KIR3DL1 (0.942), KIR2DS1 (0.0401), KIR2DS2 (0.564), KIR2DS3 (0.312), KIR2DS4 (0.942), KIR2DS5 (0.308), and KIR3DS1 (0.374). We defined 35 genotypes from which one was AA group (genotype ID 1 = 27.13%) and the rest were Bx groups (34 genotypes = 72.87%).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that all 16 KIR genes were observed in the MK-SFSMDR donors (n = 516) and framework genes KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2, and KIR3DL3 were present in all individuals. The observed and estimated frequencies of other KIR genes were presented. We defined 35 genotypes from which one was AA group (genotype ID 1 = 27.13%) and the rest were Bx groups (34 genotypes = 72.87%). Inclusion of KIR genotypes in molecular screening of bone marrow donors may increase efficacy for stem cell transplantation.
Treatment with biologics of patients with inflammatory joint diseases
Authors: Stoilova Stefka , Taneva Daniela , Geneva-Popova Mariela
Published: September 2024

Over the past two decades, biologics (Bs) have been widely used in the treatment of patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD). The treatment of IJD aims at reducing disease progression, improving patients’ physical health and well-being, and achieving long-lasting remission or, at least, minimal disease activity. The introduction of Bs in rheumatology practice has significantly improved patients’ outcomes and prognosis. Their use, however, involves undertaking significant risks and challenges for both patients and medical teams.

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the biological therapies currently approved for this group of diseases in Bulgaria and the indications for administration and monitoring of the most common side effects. The optimal administration of Bs is determined by treatment efficacy, discussion of benefits and risks, prevention of the possible development of severe adverse effects, administration regimens, and routes of administration of Bs. The analysis of major issues during treatment helps summarize the information on the use of Bs, thus increasing the possibility of managing the risks associated with their use by strengthening the engagement of healthcare experts and patients in the process of monitoring the impact of biological agents.
The redescription and complete mitogenomes of two Oxycarenus species (Hemiptera, Oxycarenidae) and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Meng Changjun , Cao Suyan , Dong Wen , Gao Cuiqing
Published: September 2024

In this study, the two Oxycarenidae species, O. gossypii Horváth, 1926 and Oxycarenus bicolor heraldus Distant, 1904, are redescribed, and their complete mitogenomes are sequenced and analyzed. The phylogeny of Lygaeoidea is examined using 45 complete mitogenomes of lygaeoid species and four outgroup species. The gene orientation and arrangement of the two mitogenomes are found to be consistent with typical Lygaeoidea mitochondrial features, comprising 37 genes, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and a control region. Nucleotide composition of the species was biased towards A and T, with the gene order identical to the putative ancestral arrangement of insects. Start codons, stop codons, RNAs, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and nucleotide diversity (Pi) of Oxycarenidae exhibited characteristics similar to other families in Lygaeoidea. Bayesian-inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods were employed to investigate phylogenetic relationships using PCG datasets from selected species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal slightly different topologies between BI and ML methods, with variation primarily concentrated in Colobathristidae and Rhyparochromidae. Our study confirms that the two sequenced Oxycarenidae species formed a single clade, and the position of Oxycarenidae remains stable in both ML and BI phylogenetic trees. These findings expand the mitochondrial genome databases of Lygaeoidea and provide valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Lygaeoidea or Pentatomomorpha.
Life-Threatening Clinical Simulations for Nursing Students: Promoting Critical Thinking and Satisfaction
Authors: Sharon Cochava , Green Gizell
Published: September 2024

Background:

Integrating life-threatening clinical simulations improves learning outcomes. This study assessed nursing students' critical thinking factors before and after simulation, evaluated nursing clinical reasoning ability and learning satisfaction at two time points, and explored relationships and predictions among critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and satisfaction before and after simulation.

Method:

Surveys and focus groups were used for this mixed-methods study.

Results:

Quantitative findings revealed increased critical thinking scores for curiosity, skepticism, and systematicity; clinical reasoning; and satisfaction after simulation. Qualitative results supported these improvements and indicated enhanced curiosity for clinical knowledge and iterative phases of clinical reasoning. Students expressed satisfaction with the simulations. Objectivity significantly influenced clinical reasoning and satisfaction in nursing students following life-threatening simulations.

Conclusion:

Fostering a culture of critical thinking in life-threatening simulations is crucial. Educators must teach the importance of objectivity in clinical practice, encourage critical evaluation, and foster self-reflection in simulations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(9):595–603.]
Workplace Bullying, Hardiness, and Occupational Identity Among Nursing Students: Mediation of Academic Burnout
Authors: Kang KyungJa , Yu Mi
Published: September 2024

Background:

Quality clinical environments are crucial in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This study explored the mediating role of academic burnout in relation to workplace bullying experience, stress hardiness, and occupational identity among nursing students during clinical practice.

Method:

In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was administered to fourth-year nursing students from four universities. Data were collected in March 2023 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and PROCESS Macro Model 4.

Results:

In the final sample (N= 202), the correlates of occupational identity were stress hardiness and academic burnout; workplace bullying was not statistically significant. Academic burnout completely and partially mediated the relationship between workplace bullying and occupational identity and between stress hardiness and occupational identity, respectively.

Conclusion:

To strengthen nursing students' occupational identity, active attention and management are required to prevent academic burnout and improve stress hardiness.[J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(9):604–612.]
Magnesium aluminum spinel for ultrasonic temperature sensing based on guided waves
Authors: Liang Haijian , Wang Xinhui , Xue Hongxin
Published: September 2024

Sensors are crucial for measuring combustion temperatures in aerospace and aviation engine testing. However, current sensors have poor oxidation resistance, low impact resistance, limited lifespan, and inadequate temperature measurement accuracy, often resulting in unsatisfactory testing outcomes. New sensor designs are urgently needed to address these issues. We propose a new sensor with advanced materials and technologies, based on the principle of ultrasonic guided wave temperature measurement with magnesium aluminum spinel (MgAl2O4) and magnesium-doped aluminum oxide crystals as ultrasonic waveguides. The design parameters of this sensor's sensitive elements were meticulously crafted. Finite element method simulations were then conducted to assess the impact of groove depth on ultrasonic propagation characteristics. Ultrasonic temperature sensors with spinel and magnesium-doped aluminum oxide were fabricated via the laser heated pedestal growth method. These sensors were calibrated in an oxidative environment, demonstrating a temperature sensitivity of 0.48 m/s·℃ and a repeatability of 95% across a range from 20 ℃ to 1600 ℃. By comparison among the three materials at a constant temperature, the sound velocity of sapphire was the fastest, followed by magnesia-doped alumina, while magnesia-alumina spinel was slowest. Thus, magnesia-alumina spinel can be considered an effective acoustic waveguide material for facile signal acquisition and high-temperature resolution. The proposed sensor design shows promise for applications in environments prone to oxidative erosion and high temperatures, offering an innovative solution for reliable temperature measurement within the harsh environments of aerospace and aviation engines.
Correlation of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index with the METAVIR index in infantile cholestasis
Authors: Budiyanto  , Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji , Setyoboedi Bagus , Arief Sjamsul
Published: September 2024

Background: Neonatal cholestasis affects 1 in 2,500 term infants, biliary atresia being the most common and severe cause. Histopathological examination of liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, the METAVIR index determining the degree of liver damage. Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) is a simple, non-invasive method that can be used to predict liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease.  Objectives: To study the correlation of APRI and the METAVIR index in subjects with infantile cholestasis.Method: Infants with cholestasis who underwent liver biopsy and were assessed by the METAVIR index from 2005 to 2023 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital were included retrospectively. APRI at the time of the liver biopsy was calculated. Statistical analysis with Pearson correlation was performed, and a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of APRI for significant liver fibrosis (=F2) and cirrhosis (=F4).Results: Twenty-seven patients were included; 12 (44%) were females, with a mean age of 4.7±3.9 months. METAVIR F4 was seen in 8 (30%), F3 in 3 (11%), F2 in 5 (19%), F1 in 9 (33%), and F0 in 2 (7%). Pearson correlation r for APRI and METAVIR was 0.48 (p<0.05). The mean APRI for F2-F4 (significant fibrosis) was 3.55±3.52, and for F0-F1 (no or mild fibrosis), it was 1.80±0.88. The mean APRI for F4 (cirrhosis) was 5.33±4.27, and for F0-F3 (non-cirrhosis), it was 1.78±0.91. From the ROC, the area under the curve for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis was 0.665 and 0.836, respectively. Conclusion: APRI was positively correlated with the METAVIR index and can be used to predict significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in infants with cholestasis.
Association between vitamin D and bronchiolitis in children: A systematic review
Authors: Liyanage Guwani , Shafeer Sharfa , Athapathu Ashan , Gamhewage Nimesha , Ranasinghe Shirani
Published: September 2024

No abstract available
Complete vaccination and infection with vaccine preventable disease among children who had undergone liver transplantation: A re-appraisal
Authors: Mungmungpuntipantip Rujitika , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: September 2024

No abstract available
Visual functions and their association with road traffic accidents among vehicle drivers in Gauteng
Authors: Tamenti Gloria T. , Rasengane Tuwani A. , Mashige Khathutshelo P.
Published: September 2024

Background: South Africa has a high mortality rate because of road traffic accidents (RTAs) compared to other countries.Aim: To determine the visual functions and their association with the occurrence of RTAs among vehicle drivers in the Gauteng province of South Africa.Setting: Eight driver’s license testing centres (DLTCs) in the Gauteng province.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving a multi-stage random sampling approach was conducted. Data collected using the questionnaire included participants’ demographic details. Ocular health examination included the measurement of visual acuity (VA), refractive errors, visual fields, colour vision, stereopsis, contrast and glare sensitivity.Results: A total of 579 motor vehicle drivers were enrolled in this study. Drivers who reported daily alcohol consumption had a higher risk of being involved in RTAs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.09–2.99, P = 0.02). Visual acuity (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 0.99–2.06, P = 0.05), refractive errors (P = 0.03, χ2 = 61.57), abnormal contrast sensitivity (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.31–0.93, P = 0.03) and deutan colour vision defects (P = 0.002, χ2 = 31.42) were significantly associated with RTAs. Visual field defects (OR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.97–1.00, P = 0.09), stereopsis anomaly (OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.99–1.00, P = 0.35) and abnormal glare sensitivity (OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.99–1.01, P = 0.32) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of RTAs.Conclusion: These results suggest reviewing the visual requirements for obtaining a driver’s license by incorporating colour vision and contrast sensitivity assessment.Contribution: The study addresses a gap in the country’s current vision testing standards for driving.
Moya Moya Disease in Monozygotic Twins: Evaluation and Management
Authors: Menon Moothedath Rajesh , Kumar V. R. Roopesh , Rajendran Adhithyan , Velan Arul
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Moya moya disease (MMD) is a rare chronic non-inflammatory non-atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease characterised by progressive arterial stenosis or occlusion of bilateral intracranial carotid artery (ICA) and its main branches along with the development of collateral vessels. We present an interesting case report of MMD in monozygotic twins, their presentation, workup and management. Both twins were involved by the disease in varying degrees even though only one was symptomatic in the form of cerebral ischaemic syndrome. We offered surgical management of superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass along with encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis (EDAMS) procedure for both the patients. They were neurologically preserved post-procedure and are on regular follow-up.
Safety around Sylvian Fissure: Technical Note
Authors: Jha Deepak Kumar , Garg Mayank , Janu Vikas , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar , Ghatak Surajit , Khera Pushpinder
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sylvian fissure dissection is one of the most important neurosurgical procedures for a number of vascular, neoplastic and other (epilepsy) neurological ailments. Safe dissection in this region is of utmost importance, especially for trainees and young Neurosurgeons. The authors highlight some of the important and basic safety tips so that surgery is without unwarranted complications.

Material and Methods:

Technical difficulties, most commonly faced by trainees and young neurosurgeons during Microneurosurgery around the sylvian fissure, were identified based on experiences of senior authors and were related to: Surgical Planning, Head positioning, Dural opening, use of Macro and Microinstruments, Microdissection and closure. Technical details of steps which are safe and easy to address above mentioned difficulties were outlined.

Results:

Safe and easy technique to perform Microneurosurgery around sylvian fissure have been mentioned with special attention to the difficulties faced by trainees and young neurosurgeons. It includes all technical aspects starting from planning the surgery to closure of the wound.

Conclusion:

Microneurosurgery around sylvian fissure is the most important expertise to address variety of vascular and neoplastic lesions in neurosurgery. Sound concepts of basic neuroanatomy and basic principles of physics help in planning and performing Microneurosurgery safely in the region of sylvian fissure.
Body Habitus and Body Mass Index: How They Influence the Outcomes of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Treated by Microsurgical Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Jadhav Anil , Katyal Abhishek , Jagetia Anita , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Singh Daljit
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly, few studies have analysed outcomes among obese patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of obesity with treatment outcomes among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) treated by microsurgical aneurysmal repair.

Methodology:

A prospective study was conducted for 1 year in aSAH patients managed by microsurgical clipping with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The body habitus of patients was classified as non-obese (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m2), obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and ≤40 kg/m2) or morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m2). Multivariable analysis was done to evaluate the association of body habitus with in-hospital mortality rate and complications. Covariates included patient demographics (age and sex), comorbidities (including hypertension and diabetes) and associated systemic diseases (including cardiac, respiratory and other parenchymal diseases).

Results:

In total, 106 patients were included in this prospective study over 1 year. Obese and morbidly obese patients had a greater number of comorbidities than non-obese patients (P < 0.001) and had poor grades of presentation of SAH. Mortality rates for obese (19.04%) and morbidly obese patients (20%) did not significantly differ from those for non-obese patients (17.36%); however, poor functional outcome was associated with mildly and morbidly obese patients. Morbid obesity was associated with significantly increased odds of several medical complications, including venous thromboembolic and pulmonary and cardiac complications and infections (attributable to greater odds of urinary tract and surgical site infections).

Conclusions:

Obesity in patients of aneurysmal SAH treated by microsurgical clipping is associated with more comorbidities and higher odds of post-operative complications resulting in poor functional outcomes, with no significant difference in mortality rates.
A Simple Workstation for Micro-suturing and Vascular Anastomosis for Training in Neurosurgery
Authors: Jha Deepak Kumar , Jha Ashutosh , Bhaskar Suryanarayanan , Nayyar Ashish Kumar , Dixit Shilpi Gupta , Ghatak Surajit
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Micro-suturing and vascular anastomosis skills need regular practice to make performing these highly skilled surgeries become easy during real situations.

Materials and Methods:

Micro-suturing and vascular anastomosis practices were done on artificial silicon and cadaver skin-subcutaneous fat-muscle layer, vessels harvested from chicken and vessels and nerves harvested from cadaver using 6-0-10-0 prolene and Ethilon sutures using a table-mounted operating microscope with three step magnification.

Results:

The workstation was simple to use and helpful in practicing micro-suturing and vascular anastomoses. It does not need a dedicated facility or room and can be setup near the outpatient department in the corner of a small room with a table-mounted operating microscope.

Conclusion:

Setting up a simple workstation for practicing micro-suturing and vascular anastomosis will be helpful in improving the neurosurgery trainee’s skills, especially in a resource-scarce setting.
Challenges for Expert Evidence in the Justice System of Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Nouman , Rasool Muzamal
Published: September 2024

Expert evidence is admissible under articles 59 and 164 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Ordinance, 1984 (Law of Evidence), in the courts of law in Pakistan. However, the enacted laws and judicial precedents are inadequate to help a trial judge to get an answer to the question about the reliability and credibility of expert evidence. The process of judicial scrutiny of the expert evidence is challenging in the absence of national guidelines/standards, nonaccreditation of crime laboratories, and poor scientific knowledge of judges and lawyers. Therefore, the judges encounter difficulty in evaluating the knowledge and skills of an expert, validity of principles and methodologies used, application of quality management system, relatability, and reliability of expert evidence. While facing difficulty in ascertaining the level of certitude of expert evidence, the courts accept the expert testimony only when it corroborates the prosecution's propositions, which is a kind of disservice to justice. The reliance of courts on expert evidence varies from case to case, which can be observed in the form of many sporadic judicial decisions.
Use of Selected Types of Crime Analysis in Modern Criminological Science: Experience of Ukraine and the World
Authors: Topchii Vasyl , Topchii Oksana , Zabarniy Maksym , Karpenko Nataliіa , Hrytsiuk Ihor
Published: September 2024

Background:

In order to effectively prevent crime, the law enforcement agencies in Ukraine use criminological forecasting, through which it is possible to study and identify the main problems of crime.

Aims and Objectives:

The article aims to consider the modern criminological science in Ukraine and the world within the framework of criminological analysis used, determine the advantages and disadvantages of the selected types of criminological analysis, and substantiate the feasibility of investigating latent crimes.

Materials and Methods:

In the course of the study, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: formal-logical, system, statistical, and synthesis method.

Results:

The authors conclude by the conducted analytical study that such criminological analyses as regression, factorial, and monitoring are the most widespread at the present stage of criminological science development. These methods of criminological analysis were examined, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, and recommendations for their application in criminological science were given. It was established that the regression analysis is not found in many criminological studies, but the increase in crime rates both in Ukraine and in the world has led to the update in this direction.

Conclusion:

It has been proved that monitoring is the most frequent type of criminological analysis. This method is often used in criminological research to analyze statistical reporting publicly available to law enforcement agencies. The study has found it is advisable to investigate latent crime in addition to statistical indicators since it is several times higher than the level of officially registered criminal offenses in the country.
Characteristics of Mechanical Asphyxia: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study in Two Developed Cities in China
Authors: Huang Erwen , Lv Guoli , Wang Yumei , Wang Qiangwei , Zhang Jing , Liang Lie , Liu Ben , Yang Wen , Tang Chuanyi , Liu Chao , Cheng Jianding
Published: September 2024

Background:

Mechanical asphyxia (MA) is multi-classified. Some epidemiological characteristics are shared and the others different among different MA types.

Aims and Objectives:

To reveal the characteristics of different types of MA and provide reference data for forensic identification of MA.

Materials and Methods:

We analyzed 913 cases to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of MA in Dongguan and Guangzhou, China.

Results:

Seven types of MA were identified and strangulation accounted for up to 89.2%. Those aged 20-29 were the most susceptible to all types, except for traumatic and positional asphyxia. Suicide accounted for 96.6% of hanging cases, and accident was the main manner of death in cases of choking, traumatic, and positional asphyxia. Homicide was the most common in cases of ligature strangulation (LS), manual strangulation (MS), smothering, and asphyxia concomitant with lethal mechanical injury. The homicide rate in LS was positively correlated with the rate of female victims (P<0.001, OR=21.14). In MS, the ratio of female : male was 101 : 15 in homicide. Compared to native residents, migrant workers were more likely to suffer from LS and MS. Rope was used in 50.8% of hanging cases, while LS tools were evenly distributed. Ligature marks were mostly found above the thyroid cartilage in both hanging and LS cases. The U shaped marks were shown in 51.01% of hanging cases but absent in LS cases. In LS, ligature marks completely encircling the neck, discontinuous marks, as well as ≥two marks, were more (P<0.001) than in hanging. In LS and MS cases, abrasion and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the neck were more frequent than in hanging cases (P=0.004 and P<0.001), but the difference in frequency of blister marks was opposite (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

In summary, this study revealed the epidemiological characteristics of the MA cases in Guangzhou and Dongguan cities. The characteristics of death scene and autopsy findings are important in differentiation of different types of MA, especially between suicide and homicide.
Preservation of Eye in Carcinoma of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses – A Critical Review
Authors: Bahadur Sudhir , Sharma Arun , Malik Junaid , Monga Seema
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tumor invasion into the orbit by carcinoma is well known and its negative impact on the survival and quality of life has been discussed in the literature.

Methods:

This article is a narrative review on the preservation of eye in the management of cancers of the nose and paranasal region.

Conclusions:

The clinical features and modern imaging can help in preoperative planning, aided by the intraoperative assessment in decision-making to preserve the eye or not. Unlike in the past, when even orbital periosteum involvement was considered for orbital sacrifice, more conservative approach has been advocated in recent years in view of anatomic, radiological, and histological studies. Limited involvement of the periorbita or even the small part of intraorbital fat may still be considered for the preservation of the eye in selected patients with frozen section control and without affecting the oncologic outcome.
Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid – Histological Subtypes and Clinical Significance
Authors: Ravindran Hiran Kattilaparambil
Published: September 2024

Papillary carcinoma thyroid is a very common malignancy of the thyroid having a very good overall prognosis. Among the subtypes of this tumor certain histological subtypes identified are more aggressive than the ones with classic histology. The purpose of this review is to stratify the prognosis concerning papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with different histopathological patterns, their features of identification, and molecular differences. This is a narrative review of various published articles including meta-analysis results. This does not contain any studies with human participants by the author. A general outline of each subtype with histologic descriptions, relevant differential diagnosis, immunohistochemical as well as ancillary studies is discussed in this article. The rarity of the aggressive subtypes of papillary carcinoma and poor understanding of tumor biology can lead to inadequate treatment, and hence, the correct diagnosis is very important, and equally important is the awareness of these entities among the treating physicians.
Expression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/Neu in Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Jha Ashesh Kumar , Verma Vansh , Patiri Karsing , Arora Nikhil
Published: September 2024

Background:

Molecular alterations in premalignant lesions of the oral cavity are not well known. Many reports have found increased human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in oral cancer. Overexpression of HER-2 in premalignant lesions may denote its positive contribution in the malignant transformation of these lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-three samples of leukoplakia were stained by routine H and E to assess any dysplasia; five samples of normal mucosa were used as control. Immunohistochemical staining for HER-2 was done. ASCO/CAP 2018 guidelines were used for reporting the results. The percentage of lesions expressing cytoplasmic or membranous expression was calculated.

Results:

One sample of leukoplakia with severe dysplasia expressed focal membranous staining. Cytoplasmic staining was observed in 3/9 (33.33%) dysplastic leukoplakia. Only one nondysplastic leukoplakia expressed cytoplasmic HER-2 staining.

Conclusions:

Membranous expression in severe dysplasia and higher expression in oral cancer are in concordance with the multistep theory of carcinogenesis.
The Staggering Hypothyroidism in Head-and-Neck Cancer Patients after Combined Multimodality Treatment
Authors: Vasu Bindu Kizhakkevelikkakathu , Rajan Sunil , Sasikumar Niranjan Kumar , Babu Sruthi Cherakulam , Sudevan Manu , Paul Jerry
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Hypothyroidism is common following treatment of head-and-neck malignancy. We aimed to assess the incidence of hypothyroidism in patients posted for operations with a history of radical neck surgeries with or without adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, their requirement of induction agents, hemodynamic changes, and recovery time following general anesthesia.

Methods:

This was a prospective, nonrandomized single-arm study conducted in 100 patients aged 18–85 years, who were posted for surgery under general anesthesia after 3 months of radical neck surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. All patients received a standardized general anesthesia protocol. Patients were grouped into those having either hypothyroidism or those in the euthyroid state.

Results:

Seventy-two percent of patients had varying degrees of hypothyroidism. There was significant reduction in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from preinduction values at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation in patients with hypothyroidism. The reduction in both HR and MAP was significantly pronounced throughout postintubation period in the hypothyroid patients as compared to the patients with normal thyroid function. The mean induction dose of propofol was significantly lesser for hypothyroid patients compared with euthyroid (0.85 ± 0.17 mg/kg vs. 1.62 ± 2.52 mg/kg), with prolonged recovery time. The incidence of hypotension was significantly high among the hypothyroid patients.

Conclusion:

The incidence of hypothyroidism in patients after radical neck surgery with or without adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is as high as 72%. These patients required less anesthetic agents for the induction of general anesthesia and developed profound hypotension after induction which persisted after intubation and had a prolonged recovery time.
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features and Updates in Bethesda System for Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Nambiar Ajit
Published: September 2024

Thyroid cancer incidence rising in the community has been a matter of concern. The possibility of a certain category of papillary carcinoma, namely the encapsulated follicular variant contributing to this rise needed a thorough look in. Scientific evidence has led to this category to be taken out from the malignant categorization even though the entity has the presence of the typical papillary nuclei. A new well-defined indolent category of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) has been defined with both inclusion and exclusion criteria. This has led to some disruption in the risk of malignancy assessments in the Bethesda system of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology. Importantly, cytology is limited in distinguishing the invasive from encapsulated follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinomas. The new Bethesda system provides for a descriptive footnote in the category 4–6 on the need to consider the indolent counterpart NIFTP. Furthermore, category 3, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS)/follicular lesion of undetermined significance is well defined with an explanation for the reason behind using this terminology as this is a heterogeneous category. The NIFTP group is associated with RAS mutations unlike the BRAF mutations in the classical papillary carcinomas.
Prevalence of Thyroid Lesions in Thyroidectomy Specimens - A Histomorphological Study in Urban Industrial Area
Authors: Chandanwale Shirish Sahebrao , Sutreja Diva , Patel Payal , Verma Anubhaw , Kulkarni Sushma
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The prevalence of thyroid diseases is enormous in general population of India and more common in women than men. Although the World Health Organization assessment status has classified India as having optimal iodine nutrition in 2004, hypothyroidism still contributes significantly to burden of thyroid disorders in India. The prevalence of thyroid diseases varies according to different geographical areas, age, and sex. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in surgically resected specimens in urban industrial area and to study their histomorphological features.

Materials and Methods:

The 430 patients in whom partial or complete surgical resection of thyroid was done were included in the study. The histomorphological features were studied in detail and correlated with clinical findings.

Results:

The majority of thyroid specimens (90.71%) were total thyroidectomies. More than half, i.e., 54.65% (n = 235) of the thyroidectomies were done in 3rd and 4th decade. The 85.11% (n = 366) were female patients. The multinodular goiter was the commonest etiology (n = 341) for thyroidectomy. The follicular adenoma (n = 25) and the papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 20) were common neoplastic lesion.

Conclusion:

The thyroid lesions in females more often require surgical intervention as compared to males. The 31–50 years is the most common age group who require surgical intervention. The substantial number of younger females in the age group of 16–30 years requires surgical intervention. The multinodular goiter due to iodine deficiency appears to be most common cause of thyroidectomy. The early diagnosis and proper therapy is the key for reducing the thyroidectomies in younger females.
The Utility of Telemedicine for Postoperative Follow-Up Care in Head and Neck Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reddy N. Apoorva , Thakur Shalini , Joshna B. M. , Kumar Koustabh , Kudpaje Akshay , Vishal Rao U. S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Follow-up care and monitoring of survivorship are key aspects of head and neck cancer management. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unforeseen challenge before head and neck surgeons and has created an urgent need for deploying processes for triaging patients. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a 3-tiered protocol incorporating principles of “mhealth” proposed by WHO and telemedicine to monitor recurrence, maintain compliance, and address pressing issues in follow-up head and neck cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and one head and neck cancer patients who have undergone surgery and/or completed chemoradiation between the years 2015 and 2020 were selected. Details of patients who were on regular follow-up until March 2020 were obtained. A 3-tier screening protocol including a telephonic questionnaire, video consultation, and visit to primary care center was utilized to triage patients.

Results:

Fifty-seven percent of the patients did not require any intervention and were managed through video consultation with specialists. 38% of the patients needed a visit to a nearby health care worker or primary physician along with rehabilitation services. Only 5% of them needed a visit to a tertiary healthcare center for specialist care. The overall dropout from follow-up in this study was 19.8%. There was no significant difference of scores noted between oral cavity and nonoral cavity cancer groups (z = 1.17, P = 0.24, Mann–Whitney Test).

Conclusion:

The proposed 3-tier screening protocol using telemedicine is a feasible, cost-effective, and time-efficient tool to overcome the negative impact of COVID-19 on follow-up care.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Current Status of Its Usefulness in Clinical Practice
Authors: Rajalakshmi Geetha , Pavithran Keechilat , Smitha N. V. , Iyer Subramania
Published: September 2024

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered metastatic intermediates that are being shed from the primary tumor which extravasate and circulate in the blood. CTCs are a hotspot of oncological research for the last few decades. It has immense potential in early diagnosis, detecting recurrence, determining chemotherapeutic efficiency as well as individuals' sensitivity toward drugs. CTCs are emerging as an invaluable detection tool in bridging the gap in the transition from a population-based to a personalized approach. These cells may be a future target in refining and personalizing cancer treatment. This review attempts to critically analyze the current understanding of CTCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the challenges to its clinical utility at present.
Utility of American Thyroid Association Guidelines 2021 for Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma in Indian Setting
Authors: Patel Kaustubh D. , Mandlik Dushyant , Joshipura Aditya , Gupta Karan
Published: September 2024

Though the incidence of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is minimal amongst thyroid cancers, the outcomes have remained dismal. As significant advances have happened after the 2012 guidelines, American Thyroid Association (ATA)-is a leading body, has recently released updated evidence-based guidelines of ATC in 2021. A need to interpret this guideline in the Indian context was perceived. The 2021 ATC guidelines by ATA, with relevant literature, were reviewed. The recommendations for specific subcategories were compiled. Relevant information pertaining to the Indian scenario was discussed with specific subcategories with Indian evidence. Future direction observations were shared. ATA has provided practical and updated guidelines for ATC. There are some region-specific considerations in the implementation of recommendations. A well-organized research approach and resource allocation are required to optimize ATC management in India.
Ruptured Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm in Term Pregnancy: Perioperative Anesthetic Challenges for Aneurysm Clipping and Cesarean Section
Authors: Sanket Bhargavi , Jayaram Prajna , Sandhya K. , Rani Sudha
Published: September 2024

Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) are extremely rare (1% of all intracranial aneurysms) and associated with a high mortality rate of around 20% during surgical repair. The prognosis can only be expected to be grave in the pregnant status with unruptured cerebral aneurysms having a prevalence of 1.8% in pregnancy. We report a case of a 23-year-old, multigravida, at 38 weeks of gestation with ruptured PCA aneurysm (P1 segment) with Hunt and Hess scale of 1. The case was unique, as aneurysm clipping and lower segment cesarean section were attempted in the same anesthesia setting. General anesthesia with multimodal analgesia was administered with drugs having safe and protective neuro-obstetric anesthetic implications. The multifactorial approach to minimize hemodynamic perturbations while keeping in mind maternal and fetal physiology was given prime importance. Teamwork of multidisciplinary specialties played a key role in the successful management of the case.
The Ovarian Volume in Girls Presented as Precocious Puberty
Authors: Durmaz Onder , Fatihoglu Erdem , Ozkan Berna Hatun , Memis Kemal Bugra , Aydin Sonay
Published: September 2024

Background:

Isosexual precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and before the age of 9 years in boys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ovarian volume and bone age measurements with the number of symptoms in female patients diagnosed with PP.

Methods:

The dataset includes pelvic ultrasound and bone age tests from 96 girls diagnosed with PP who presented to a tertiary hospital’s pediatric outpatient clinic with signs and symptoms of early puberty between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. The study included 96 healthy ladies of the same age as a control group.

Results:

A total volume >2.75 was shown to predict the existence of pubertal pre with 79.2% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.903; P = 0.001). A total volume of >3.25 predicted the existence of 2 or more symptoms in patients with PP, with a sensitivity of 72.1% and a specificity of 98.1% (AUC: 0.917; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, no study has been published that investigates the relationship between the number of symptoms at the time of presentation and ovarian volume and bone age in girls with PP. Our investigation, which involved 192 female participants (96 patients and 96 controls), revealed a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of symptoms indicating early puberty and a rise in both ovarian capacity and bone age.