bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time activity assays of β-lactamases in living bacterial cells: application to the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains
Authors: Ge Ying , Zhou Ya-Jun , Yang Ke-Wu , Zhang Yi-Lin , Xiang Yang , Zhang Yue-Juan
Published: September 2017

A UV-Vis approach is reported for activity assays and inhibition of β-lactamases in complex biological systems of living bacteria.
Condensation mechanism of cage hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane from glyoxal and benzylamine: a computational study
Authors: Dong Kai , Sun Cheng-Hui , Zhang Shao-Wen , Wang Hui-Yun , Song Jian-Wei , Pang Si-Ping
Published: September 2017

Cage hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane has been formed by condensation reaction of glyoxal and benzylamine from theoretical insight. The calculation results suggest a different mechanism from the traditional one.
Novel single-source precursors for SiBxCyNz film deposition
Authors: Merenkov Ivan S. , Gostevskii Boris A. , Krasnov Pavel O. , Basova Tamara V. , Zhukov Yuri M. , Kasatkin Igor A. , Sysoev Sergey V. , Kosyakov Victor I. , Khomyakov Maksim N. , Kosinova Marina L.
Published: September 2017

A novel type of single-source CVD precursor – Me3SiCCB[N(SiMe3)2]2 – has been synthesized and successfully tested for the first time in SiBCN film deposition.
Promotion effect of oxygen-containing functional groups and Fe species on Pd@graphene for CO catalytic oxidation
Authors: Zhao Yinshuang , Dong Fang , Han Weiliang , Zhao Haijun , Tang Zhicheng
Published: September 2017

Catalysts using graphene as a support possessed higher catalytic activity and stability.
Visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of fluoroquinolone levofloxacin drug using Ag2O/TiO2 quantum dots: a mechanistic study and degradation pathway
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Salunke Deepak B. , Umar Ahmad , Mehta Surinder Kumar , Sinha A. S. K. , Kansal Sushil Kumar
Published: September 2017

Ag2O/TiO2 QDs exhibited a photocatalytic activity of 81% for the degradation of levofloxacin under visible light, which is higher than those of commercially available catalysts.
Energetic description of cilengitide bound to integrin
Authors: Neto José X. Lima , Bezerra Katyanna S. , Manso Dalila N. , Mota Kyvia B. , Oliveira Jonas I. N. , Albuquerque Eudenilson L. , Caetano Ewerton W. S. , Freire Valder N. , Fulco Umberto L.
Published: September 2017

We employ quantum chemistry methods to investigate the binding energy features of the cyclic RGD pentapeptide cilengitide interacting with the integrin receptor αVβ3.
Nanorod TiO2sensor for dopamine: a voltammetric study
Authors: Ashoka N. B. , Swamy B. E. Kumara , Jayadevappa H.
Published: September 2017

Nanorod shaped titanium oxide (TiO2NRs) was synthesized and used as electrochemical sensor for dopamine.
Theoretical and experimental study of the ground and excited states of 1,4-dihydropyridine based hexahydroquinoline derivatives achieved by microwave irradiation
Authors: Gündüz Miyase Gözde , da Silva Claudia de Brito , Zanotto Gabriel Modernell , Toldo Josene Maria , Şimşek Rahime , Şafak Cihat , Gonçalves Paulo Fernando Bruno , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo
Published: September 2017

The photophysical study indicates ICT state for 1,4-dihydropyridine based hexahydroquinoline derivatives.
Development of a viscosity sensitive fluorescent probe for real-time monitoring of mitochondria viscosity
Authors: Zhou Kai , Ren Mingguang , Deng Beibei , Lin Weiying
Published: September 2017

Through rational design, two new mitochondria-targeted fluorescent viscosity probes were developed, which exhibited favorable properties such as large turn on fluorescence signal, good selectivity, low cytotoxicity, and high colocation coefficient (>0.90).
Localized plasmonic structured illumination microscopy with an optically trapped microlens
Authors: Bezryadina Anna , Li Jinxing , Zhao Junxiang , Kothambawala Alefia , Ponsetto Joseph , Huang Eric , Wang Joseph , Liu Zhaowei
Published: September 2017

A LPSIM super resolution imaging technique with a movable microlens improves the NA of the system and resolves details down to λ/10.
Essential arterial hypertension patients present higher cell adhesion forces, contributing to fibrinogen-dependent cardiovascular risk
Authors: Guedes Ana F. , Carvalho Filomena A. , Moreira Carlos , Nogueira José B. , Santos Nuno C.
Published: September 2017

Arterial hypertension patients present stronger erythrocyte–erythrocyte interactions and high levels of γ′ fibrinogen, which compromise microcirculation and increase the cardiovascular risk.
Ultraviolet phototoxicity of upconversion nanoparticles illuminated with near-infrared light
Authors: Mironova K. E. , Khochenkov D. A. , Generalova A. N. , Rocheva V. V. , Sholina N. V. , Nechaev A. V. , Semchishen V. A. , Deyev S. M. , Zvyagin A. V. , Khaydukov E. V.
Published: September 2017

Here we demonstrate that direct exposure of the cancer tissue to phototoxic ultraviolet radiation generated by NIR-photoexcited UCNPs enabled successful PDT.
Colloidal nanoparticle size control: experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of the ligand–metal binding role in controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics
Authors: Mozaffari Saeed , Li Wenhui , Thompson Coogan , Ivanov Sergei , Seifert Soenke , Lee Byeongdu , Kovarik Libor , Karim Ayman M.
Published: September 2017

In situ SAXS and ligand-based kinetic model are used for predictive synthesis of ligand-protected Pd nanoparticles in different solvents.
Femtosecond laser ablation of transparent microphotonic devices and computer-generated holograms
Authors: Alqurashi Tawfiq , Montelongo Yunuen , Penchev Pavel , Yetisen Ali K. , Dimov Stefan , Butt Haider
Published: September 2017

Femtosecond laser ablation allows direct patterning of engineering materials in industrial settings, for the production of photonic and holographic devices.
A fiber-optic sensor for neurotransmitters with ultralow concentration: near-infrared plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement using raspberry-like meso-SiO2 nanospheres
Authors: Huang Yunyun , Ding Mingfei , Guo Tuan , Hu Dejiao , Cao Yaoyu , Jin Long , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: September 2017

A localized surface plasmon resonance enhancement at near infrared wavelengths has been achieved by constructing raspberry-like meso-SiO2 nanospheres.
Computational insights into active site shaping for substrate specificity and reaction regioselectivity in the EXTL2 retaining glycosyltransferase
Authors: Mendoza Fernanda , Lluch José M. , Masgrau Laura
Published: September 2017

QM(DFT)/MM calculations and molecular dynamics simulations on wild-type retaining α1,4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase (EXTL2) and Arg293Ala, Asp246Ala, Arg293Ala/Asp246Ala and Asp246Glu mutants are used to understand the role of these two residues.
FeCl3/ZnI2-Catalyzed regioselective synthesis of angularly fused furans
Authors: Dey Amrita , Hajra Alakananda
Published: September 2017

The FeCl3/ZnI2-catalyzed synthesis of angularly fused furans by intermolecular coupling between enols and alkynes has been developed in ambient air.
Understanding and suppressing side reactions in Li–air batteries
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Liping , Cao Lujie , Shang Chaoqun , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Hongen , He Liqing , Yang Jingyi , Cheng Hua , Li Jingze , Lu Zhouguang
Published: September 2017

Side reactions occurring during cycling largely hinder the practical application of Li–air batteries. This review article describes the issues and solutions to tackle the problems of side reactions.
Characterizing the binding interaction between ultrafine carbon black (UFCB) and catalase: electron microscopy and spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wu Qianqian , Liu Rutao
Published: September 2017

UFCB bound close to the heme of CAT and dissolved well in tween 80, significantly inhibiting the activity of CAT.
An amphipathic trans-acting phosphorothioate RNA element delivers an uncharged phosphorodiamidate morpholino sequence in mdx mouse myotubes
Authors: Jain H. V. , Boehler J. F. , Verthelyi D. , Nagaraju K. , Beaucage S. L.
Published: September 2017

An amphipathic trans-acting phosphorothioate RNA element delivers PNA and PMO sequences in mdx mouse myotube muscle cells.
Extraction and modification of cellulose nanofibers derived from biomass for environmental application
Authors: Prakash Menon Mridula , Selvakumar R. , Suresh kumar Palaniswamy , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: September 2017

Cellulose nanofibers obtained from various plants and microbial sources, their extraction methods and various environmental applications are discussed.
Simultaneous enhancement of natural sunlight- and artificial UV-driven photocatalytic activity of a mechanically activated ZnO/SnO2 composite
Authors: Marković Smilja , Stanković Ana , Dostanić Jasmina , Veselinović Ljiljana , Mančić Lidija , Škapin Srečo Davor , Dražič Goran , Janković-Častvan Ivona , Uskoković Dragan
Published: September 2017

Mechanical milling of commercial ZnO and SnO2 was used to produce a ZnO/SnO2 composite with a high density of surface defects; in particular, zinc interstitials (Zni) and oxygen vacancies (VO).
PdZn nanoparticle electrocatalysts synthesized by solution combustion for methanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline medium
Authors: Matin M. A. , Kumar A. , Bhosale R. R. , Saleh Saad M. A. H. , Almomani F. A. , Al-Marri M. J.
Published: September 2017

Herein, we report the synthesis of PdZn nanoparticle (NP) electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).
Humidity-accelerated spreading of ionic liquids on a mica surface
Authors: Wang Zhantao , Shi Fuxi , Zhao Cunlu
Published: September 2017

The role of relative humidity (RH) on the wetting behavior of droplets of two [Rmim][NTf2] ionic liquids (ILs) on a mica surface was investigated and water vapor adsorption was found to enhance the ILs precursor film formation and droplet spreading.
The mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin depends on the delivery system: monolithic nanoparticles vs. supramolecular inclusion complex
Authors: Shlar Ilya , Droby Samir , Choudhary Ruplal , Rodov Victor
Published: September 2017

Formulation determines curcumin antimicrobial effect: curcumin–cyclodextrin complexes are bactericidal, induce ROS, and target electron transport; monolithic nanoparticles are bacteriostatic, and target membranes and ATP.
The structural, electronic and catalytic properties of Aun (n = 1–4) nanoclusters on monolayer MoS2
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhu Jia , Zhang Hongge , Zhang Jinyan , Zhang Yongfan , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: September 2017

The structural stability, electronic and catalytic properties of Aun (n = 1–4) nanoclusters supported on monolayer MoS2 have been investigated based on first principle DFT calculation with van der Waals (vdW) corrections.
The study of perylene diimide–amino acid derivatives for the fluorescence detection of anions
Authors: Chen Chao-yuan , Wang Ke , Gu Lei-lei , Li Hui
Published: September 2017

Fluorescent detection of anions based on perylene diimide–amino acid derivatives has been studied. They are sensitive to F− and OH− anions through fluorescence quenching and naked eye. A simple test-paper has been made for developing applications.
Hydrogels with high mechanical strength cross-linked by a rosin-based crosslinking agent
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Huang Xin , Jiang Jianxin , Shang Shibin , Song Zhanqian
Published: September 2017

A novel type of DN hydrogel, prepared by micellar copolymerization of acrylamide and rosin-based crosslinking agent in a micellar solution of SDS. The hydrogels could form both chemical crosslinks and hydrophobic association crosslinked centers.
Piecing together the puzzle: nanopore technology in detection and quantification of cancer biomarkers
Authors: Vu Trang , Davidson Shanna-Leigh , Borgesi Julia , Maksudul Mowla , Jeon Tae-Joon , Shim Jiwook
Published: September 2017

This mini-review paper is a comprehensive outline of nanopore technology applications in the detection and study of various cancer causal factors.
Electromagnetic interference shielding cotton fabrics with high electrical conductivity and electrical heating behavior via layer-by-layer self-assembly route
Authors: Tian Mingwei , Du Minzhi , Qu Lijun , Chen Shaojuan , Zhu Shifeng , Han Guangting
Published: September 2017

In our paper, multi-functional cotton fabrics with electrical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties via layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic self-assembly approach were prepared.
Combined effect of α-nucleating agents and glass fiber reinforcement on a polypropylene composite: a balanced approach
Authors: Cui Linfang , Wang Penglei , Zhang Yagang , Zhang Letao , Chen Yurong , Wang Lulu , Liu Li , Guo Xinfeng
Published: September 2017

An approach by combining α-nucleating agents and glass fibre reinforcement for improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of polypropylene composite: a balanced approach.
Polymer brush lubrication of the silicon nitride–steel contact: a colloidal force microscopy study
Authors: Watson Simon , Dennington Simon , Wang Ling , Nie Mengyan , Hinder Steve , Stokes Keith
Published: September 2017

Surface initiated PMMA brushes are a promising candidate to lubricate the silicon nitride–steel contact under oil lubricated conditions.
Photosensitizer-free visible light-mediated gold-catalysed cis-difunctionalization of silyl-substituted alkynes
Authors: Deng Jie-Ren , Chan Wing-Cheung , Chun-Him Lai Nathanael , Yang Bin , Tsang Chui-Shan , Chi-Bun Ko Ben , Lai-Fung Chan Sharon , Wong Man-Kin
Published: September 2017

A new photosensitizer-free visible light-mediated gold-catalysed cis-difunctionalization reaction is developed.
Uncaging carbon disulfide. Delivery platforms for potential pharmacological applications: a mechanistic approach
Authors: DeMartino Anthony W. , Souza Maykon Lima , Ford Peter C.
Published: September 2017

Described are kinetics studies of different dithiocarbamates that release CS2, a potential small molecule bioregulator, under physiologically relevant conditions.
A unified photoredox-catalysis strategy for C(sp3)–H hydroxylation and amidation using hypervalent iodine
Authors: Li Guo-Xing , Morales-Rivera Cristian A. , Gao Fang , Wang Yaxin , He Gang , Liu Peng , Chen Gong
Published: September 2017

We report a unified photoredox-catalysis strategy for both hydroxylation and amidation of tertiary and benzylic C–H bonds.
Selective photocatalytic hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions by an iron complex using water as the oxygen source
Authors: Chandra Bittu , Singh Kundan K. , Gupta Sayam Sen
Published: September 2017

Iron complex catalysed selective and efficient photocatalytic hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions using water as the oxygen atom source has been reported.
Synthesis of azasilacyclopentenes and silanols via Huisgen cycloaddition-initiated C–H bond insertion cascades
Authors: Shih Jiun-Le , Jansone-Popova Santa , Huynh Christopher , May Jeremy A.
Published: September 2017

Alkynyl carbonazidates form azasilacyclopentenes via a series of cyclizations, rearrangements, and an α-sily1 C–H bond insertion as determined by mechanistic investigations.
Design of an enantioselective artificial metallo-hydratase enzyme containing an unnatural metal-binding amino acid
Authors: Drienovská Ivana , Alonso-Cotchico Lur , Vidossich Pietro , Lledós Agustí , Maréchal Jean-Didier , Roelfes Gerard
Published: September 2017

Starting from biochemical knowledge followed by computational design, an artificial metallo-hydratase comprising an unnatural metal binding amino acid was created.
Fluorogenic labeling and single-base resolution analysis of 5-formylcytosine in DNA
Authors: Liu Chaoxing , Wang Yafen , Yang Wei , Wu Fan , Zeng Weiwu , Chen Zonggui , Huang Jinguo , Zou Guangrong , Zhang Xiong , Wang Shaoru , Weng Xiaocheng , Wu Zhiguo , Zhou Yu , Zhou Xiang
Published: September 2017

Simultaneous fluorogenic switch-on detection and single-base resolution analysis of 5fC through yielding an intramolecular cyclization nucleobase has been presented.
Revisiting the generalized scaling law for adhesion: role of compliance and extension to progressive failure
Authors: Mojdehi Ahmad R. , Holmes Douglas P. , Dillard David A.
Published: September 2017

The generalized scaling law for adhesion is revisited, based on the classical fracture mechanics approach, leading to a revised scaling law that accounts for the role of load train compliance and extends to progressive failure modes.
Primitive chain network simulations of probe rheology
Authors: Masubuchi Yuichi , Amamoto Yoshifumi , Pandey Ankita , Liu Cheng-Yang
Published: September 2017

The dynamics of probe chains immersed in immobile matrices was examined via the multi-chain slip-link simulation. The viscoelastic relaxation time was fairly reproduced, whereas the relaxation intensity was underestimated, possibly due to flaws in the orientational cross-correlations between the probe and the matrices.
Fluctuation tension and shape transition of vesicles: renormalisation calculations and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Gueguen Guillaume , Destainville Nicolas , Manghi Manoel
Published: September 2017

A quasi-spherical vesicle changes its shape to an oblate one at vanishing fluctuation surface tension.
Epitaxial encapsulation of homodispersed CeO2 in a cobalt–porphyrin network derived thin film for the highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li De-Jing , Gu Zhi-Gang , Zhang Wenhua , Kang Yao , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2017

We have developed a homodispersed CeO2 encapsulated cobalt–porphyrin network derived thin film for the highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction.
Heteroatom functionalized activated porous biocarbons and their excellent performance for CO2 capture at high pressure
Authors: Singh Gurwinder , Kim In Young , Lakhi Kripal S. , Joseph Stalin , Srivastava Prashant , Naidu Ravi , Vinu Ajayan
Published: September 2017

Activated biocarbons with a porous structure and nitrogen functionalities are synthesized from the prolific waste biomass, Arundo donax, and an organic material, chitosan, by a simple one step chemical activation with ZnCl2.
Hollow mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite/chitosan ellipsoids loaded with doxorubicin as pH-responsive drug delivery systems against osteosarcoma
Authors: Wen Xi , Yang Fan , Ke Qin-Fei , Xie Xue-Tao , Guo Ya-Ping
Published: September 2017

Hollow mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite/chitosan ellipsoids loaded with doxorubicin were firstly reported as novel pH-responsive drug delivery systems, and the controlled release of doxorubicin effectively treated osteosarcoma without systemic toxicity.
A highly sensitive turn-on ratiometric luminescent probe based on postsynthetic modification of Tb3+@Cu-MOF for H2S detection
Authors: Zheng Xubin , Fan Ruiqing , Song Yang , Wang Ani , Xing Kai , Du Xi , Wang Ping , Yang Yulin
Published: September 2017

A novel probe, designed and prepared through PSM of Cu-MOFs and Tb3+ions, shows high sensitivity and selectivity for H2S.
Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Laser Ablation of Sinuvertebral Nerve in Patients with Chronic Diskogenic Back Pain: Technical Note and Preliminary Result
Authors: Kim Hyeun , Chung Sung , Jang Jee , Oh Seong , Jang Il , Paudel Byapak
Published: September 2017

Background Diskogenic back pain is an unsolved mystery and accounts for a large number of patients with chronic low back pain. Various treatment modalities have been described, but treatment is still a matter of debate. We evaluated transforaminal epiduroscopic laser ablation (TELA) focusing on sinuvertebral nerve laser ablation for chronic diskogenic back pain. To our knowledge this is the first treatment described for diskogenic back pain that directly targets the sensitized sinuvertebral nerve extradiskally through a transforaminal approach.

Methods A total of 52 patients with a diagnosis of chronic diskogenic back pain and treated with TELA between September 2015 and June 2016 were analyzed. Outcome was measured with the visual analog scale (VAS), Macnab criteria, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results Of the 52 patients, 55.8% were female, and the mean age was 42.40 ± 11.99 years. Pfirrmann disk degeneration grade was mostly grade IV (63.5%) and involved spinal levels L4–L5 and L5–S1. The average follow-up period was 15.88 ± 1.79 months. VAS decreased significantly after TELA (p < 0.001). Improvement in ODI was also significant (p < 0.001). Good to excellent outcome was 96.1% according to the Macnab criteria. Four patients had transient motor weakness.

Conclusion TELA targeting to the sinuvertebral nerve was effective in 96.1% with good to excellent results and an immediate decrease in chronic diskogenic back pain. The sinuvertebral nerve may play an important role in chronic diskogenic back pain.
Compartmental Endoscopic Surgical Anatomy of the Inferior Intraconal Orbital Space
Authors: Maxfield Alice , Brook Christopher , Miyake Marcel , Bleier Benjamin
Published: September 2017

Objectives This study aims to define the endoscopic anatomy of inferior intraconal space, in terms of its neurovascular structures and relationship to fixed anatomic landmarks.

Design A cadaveric anatomical study was conducted.

Setting This study was conducted at an academic cranial base center.

Participants Cadaveric subjects have been investigated.

Main Outcome Measures After dissection of the inferior intraconal space, the number and position of ophthalmic artery (OA) and oculomotor nerve (OMN) branches to the inferior rectus muscle (IRM) were quantified relative to the fixed landmark of the posterior maxillary wall. The point where the OMN branch to the inferior oblique muscle (IOM) crossed the lateral IRM margin was quantified.

Results A total of 18 OA branches were identified with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.6 ± 0.53 branches. The mean distance of the OA branch insertion from the posterior maxillary wall was 7.11 ± 5.65 mm. The average number of OMN branches to the IRM was 1.63 ± 0.74 with a mean insertion distance of 1.88 ± 1.89 mm. The OMN branch to the IOM crossed the lateral IRM margin 5.38 ± 5.42 mm from the posterior maxillary wall.

Conclusions This cadaveric study quantifies the variability of two critical neurovascular structures salient to endoscopic approaches to the inferior intraconal space, the OMN, and OA contributions to the IRM. Knowledge of the interrelationship between these structures is essential in safe technique for dissection.
Surgical Outcomes and Postoperative Management in Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Jiang Zi Yang , McLean Caitlin , Perez Carlos , Barnett Samuel , Friedman Deborah , Tajudeen Bobby , Batra Pete
Published: September 2017

Background The etiology of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea remains unknown, though emerging evidence suggests that this likely represents a variant of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Long-term success rates for repair and postoperative management strategies remain variable.

Methods Retrospective review of patients undergoing surgical management of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea was conducted over a 5-year period. Analysis was performed to correlate recurrence with demographics and perioperative variables. Lumbar puncture usage and neuro-ophthalmological examinations in clinical management were also assessed.

Results Forty-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age was 51.4 years with 94% females. Leaks were most commonly located in the sphenoid (43.8%) and cribriform region (33.3%). The most common findings on magnetic resonance imaging were empty sella (48%) and Meckel's cave diverticula (24%). Nine patients (18.8%) had recurrent CSF leaks. Six occurred >1 month postoperatively. Three had repeat endoscopic repairs, two received ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and one was managed with a lumbar drain, with overall success rate of 93.8%. Acetazolamide was utilized in 19 cases (39.6%) postoperatively. Overall, 59% of patients had elevated opening pressures on postoperative lumbar puncture (n = 32). Neuro-ophthalmology evaluated 28 patients; 25% had visual field deficits, and 7.1% had papilledema.

Conclusions Management of spontaneous CSF leaks remains a significant challenge. Endoscopic repair is successful in most patients with little morbidity; however, postoperative management remains inconsistent, and further studies are warranted to establish consensus on post-surgical care. The association with elevated intracranial pressure and visual field deficits/papilledema suggests opening pressures, and neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation should be considered in the treatment algorithm.
Granatapfel – lecker, aber doch ineffektiv?
Authors: Andres Ulrike
Published: September 2017

Gleich zwei aktuelle Metaanalysen befassen sich mit der gesundheitlichen Wirkung von Zubereitungen aus Granatäpfeln – und sie kommen zu einem in dieser Hinsicht eher bescheidenen Urteil.
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults: Types, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Etiology, and Diagnosis
Authors: Rüegg Stephan
Published: September 2017

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is defined by permanent electroclinical nonconvulsive epileptic activity or a series of nonconvulsive seizures without recovery to baseline. This “silent” manifestation of lasting neurological symptoms, like aphasia, confusion, etc., impedes easily recognizing NCSE. The most important diagnostic step often is to consider the possibility of NCSE. NCSE can only be confirmed by an immediate EEG recording. Epidemiological studies show slight preponderance of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) over NCSE (60:40%); however, this might result from lack of recognition of NCSE because of its very unspectacular manifestation. Regarding pathophysiology, the neuronal mechanisms are identical for both NCSE and CSE, but they spare the primary motor neurons. Permanent hyperexcitability may damage the neurons involved in NCSE the same way as the motor neurons in CSE. However, NCSE is spared from the life-threatening secondary pathophysiological sequelae of CSE (lactic acidosis, respiratory exhaustion, rhabdomyolsis, etc.). Nevertheless, autonomic dysregulation (arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia/asystolia), apneas) may also expose the patient to substantial acute risks. There are a myriad of causes for NCSE and they are mainly medication errors (insufficient adherence or addition of new drugs with interactions) in patients with known epilepsy. In these patients and in those without known epilepsy, other causes include metabolic, toxic, structural (tumors, hemorrhages, ischemia), infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune causes. Thus, it is germane to extensively search for the cause of the NCSE because the immediate and proper therapy of the underlying cause of, especially the acute symptomatic, forms of NCSE is at least as important as the antiictal treatment.
Pathologie und Pathogenese der progredienten Multiplen Sklerose: Konzepte und Kontroversen
Authors: Schumacher Adrian-Minh , Mahler Christoph , Kerschensteiner Martin
Published: September 2017

Die Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems, die in der Frühphase oft von schubförmig auftretenden, häufig reversiblen neurologischen Ausfällen dominiert wird. Mit zunehmender Erkrankungsdauer werden diese Krankheitsschübe in der Regel mehr und mehr von einem progredienten Krankheitsprozess überlagert, der zu einem irreversibel fortschreitenden Verlust der motorischen, sensiblen und kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit führt. Diese progrediente Phase der Multiplen Sklerose ist bis heute nur unzureichend verstanden und therapierbar. Ausgehend von aktuellen Befunden zur Pathologie und Pathogenese versuchen wir ein umfassendes pathomechanistisches Konzept der progredienten MS zu entwerfen und auf dessen Grundlage Stellung zu aktuellen Kontroversen zu beziehen. So diskutieren wir, inwieweit neurodegenerative oder entzündliche Krankheitsprozesse die entscheidenden Antreiber der Progression sind, hinterfragen, ob die Aufteilung in primär und sekundär progrediente MS pathomechanistisch sinnvoll ist, und untersuchen, welche Therapiestrategien am ehesten geeignet sind, der fortschreitenden Behinderung der betroffenen Patienten entgegenzuwirken.
Wenig überzeugend: Beerenextrakt der Myrte bei GERD
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard
Published: September 2017

Interessenkonflikt

BU berät Anbieter von meist pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln, Medizinprodukten und Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln – auch solcher von traditionellen Arzneimitteln.
Neurosonological Diagnosis in the Acute Phase of Stroke is a Sign of Qualified Care
Authors: Schlachetzki Felix , Nedelmann Max , Poppert Holger , Saur Dorothee , Harloff Andreas , Liman Jan , Reinhardt Matthias , Stolz Erwin , Kaps Manfred
Published: September 2017

Ultrasonography of the extra- and intracranial vessels has been an essential part of the approved concept of stroke units in Germany. This review aims to highlight unique selling points of neurosonology in the acute phase of stroke.

In acute ischemic stroke, occlusion or stenosis of an arterial segment induces individually variable and complex changes in cerebral hemodynamics. Acute arterial occlusion may persist, may partially or completely recanalize, re-occlude after initial recanalization or may be compensated by collateral blood flow. Ultrasonography is most suitable to monitor these hemodynamic changes in the early stages of a stroke. The earlier neurosonography is performed, the better the pathophysiological understanding is, and the more targeted are therapeutic efforts to limit acute neurovascular injury. A general view is that CT angiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging and neurosonographical techniques in acute stroke care are competitive and interchangeable. However, these methods are rather complementary since the visualization of blood vessels, cerebral perfusion and hemodynamic flow is based on different physical principles. Each method has particular advantages and limitations. With respect to the specific diagnostic question, one method or the other may be indicated. It is the responsibility of the treating neurologist to select the most appropriate imaging method and to provide specific competence in neurosonography. The main scope of this article is to motivate neurologists to apply neurosonography specifically in the acute phase of stroke in order to get an independent assessment and unique hemodynamic information instead of leaving neurovascular competence to radiologists. Purposeful use of neurosonologic techniques makes the difference in high quality stroke care.
Moderne Bildgebung in der Neuroonkologie
Authors: Straube Christoph , Bette Stefanie , Pyka Thomas , Einhellig Heike , Zimmer Claus , Schwaiger Markus , Combs Stephanie
Published: September 2017

Die Bildgebung bei intrakraniellen Malignomen hat sich in den vergangenen beiden Jahrzehnten erheblich gewandelt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der bildgebenden Diagnostik für die drei häufigsten Entitäten, die Gliome, Metastasen und Meningeome und geht dabei sowohl auf technische Grundlagen als auch auf die Anwendung in der Diagnostik, Therapieplanung und im Follow-Up ein.
Neues beim Pseudotumor cerebri (Idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension)
Authors: Hoffmann Jan , May Arne
Published: September 2017

Die idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension (IIH) ist charakterisiert durch eine Liquordruckerhöhung unklarer Ätiologie. Klinisch äußert sich diese in Form von progredienten Sehstörungen, in der Regel als Folge eines Papillenödems, Kopfschmerzen und nicht selten Hirnnervenausfällen. In den letzten Jahren haben klinische Studien zunehmend zeigen können, dass das Syndrom häufig auch mit weiteren Symptomen wie Riechstörungen, kognitiven Defiziten und einem pulsierenden Tinnitus einhergehen kann.

Pathophysiologisch liegt der Erkrankung vermutlich eine venöse Abflussstörung zugrunde, die zu einer verminderten Liquorresorption und einem Anstieg des Liquordrucks führt, wobei unklar ist, ob die Abflussstörung auf einer übergewichtsbedingten Zunahme des intrathorakalen Drucks, dem Vorliegen von Stenosen im Sinus transversus oder beidem beruht. Seit einigen Jahren werden auch hormonelle Faktoren diskutiert, wobei deren Auswirkungen bislang weitgehend unklar sind.

Die Behandlung der IIH beruht vorwiegend auf einer effizienten Gewichtsreduktion sowie einer medikamentösen Behandlung mit Karboanhydrasehemmern, die sowohl die Liquorproduktion als auch das Körpergewicht reduzieren. Für den Karboanhydrasehemmer Azetazolamid liegen nun die Ergebnisse der ersten randomisierten, placebo-kontrollierten Studie einschließlich einer 12-monatigen Follow-up Phase vor, die zeigen, dass sich unter der Therapie sowohl das Papillenödem und die Sehstörungen als auch die Kopfschmerzen signifikant bessern. Für die Karboanhydrasehemmer Topiramat und Furosemid gibt es weiterhin nur offene, jedoch keine doppelblinden, placebo-kontrollierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit bei der IIH. Neben der Behandlung mit Karboanhydrasehemmern mehren sich inzwischen die Hinweise, dass das Somatostatinanalogon Octreotid wirksam in der Behandlung der IIH sein könnte, wobei für diese Substanz bislang keine randomisierten, doppelblinden, placebo-kontrollierten Studien vorliegen.
Operative Refixation bei proximalem Hamstringabriss: Ist der OP-Zeitpunkt relevant für das funktionelle Outcome?
Authors: Best Raymond , Eberle Julia , Beck Florian , Huth Jochen , Becker Ulrich
Published: September 2017

Hintergrund Komplette Rupturen der proximalen Hamstringsehnen sind selten, im Falle einer solchen stellt die operative Refixation die therapeutische Methode der Wahl dar. Bislang ist das postoperative Outcome sehr heterogen und wenig vergleichbar untersucht, sodass Aussagen bezüglich einer Korrelation des Outcomes zu OP-Methoden und Zeitpunkt der OP nach Trauma nur begrenzt möglich sind.

Ziel Es soll anhand des neuen, validierten und verletzungsspezifischen Perth Hamstring Assessment Tools (PHAT) das postoperative Outcome eines eigenen Kollektivs untersucht und dies in Korrelation zum Abstand zwischen Trauma und Operation dargestellt werden.

Methode In dieser retrospektiven Fallkontrollstudie wurden alle operierten Patienten zwischen 1/2011 und 3/2016 und einer zurückliegenden OP-Zeitpunkt von mindestens 6 Monaten gebeten, ihr subjektives funktionelles Outcome anhand des PHAT – Fragebogens zu dokumentieren. Je nach Zeitraum zwischen Trauma und OP wurden die Patienten und deren Fragebogenergebnisse dabei einer akut (3 Monate) versorgten Gruppe zugeordnet.

Ergebnisse Von 64 operierten Patienten im genannten Zeitraum konnten 57 in die Studie eingeschlossen werden, von denen wiederum 39 (68 %) den PHAT-Score vollständig komplettierten. Der mittlere PHAT-Score (0 – 100 Pkt.) aller Patienten betrug 72,4 Punkte (SD ± 21,0). Es ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der akut und der verzögert versorgten Gruppe (77,0 Punkte ± 22,0 vs. 63,4 Punkte ± 16,2; p: 0,067), jedoch ein deutlich signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der akut und der verspätetet operierten Gruppe (77,0 Punkte ± 22,0 vs. 58,3 Punkte ± 20,2; p: 0,021).

Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Studie kann gezeigt werden, dass eine schnelle Indikationsstellung einer proximalen Hamstringverletzung mit einer operativen Versorgung innerhalb von 4 Wochen zu einem signifikant besseren, funktionellen
Outcome führt als verspätet versorgte Rupturen.
Die Zukunft von Phytopharmaka und Botanicals in Europa
Authors: Armbrüster Nicole , Klauke Anja
Published: September 2017

Interessenkonflikt

Beide Autoren sind Mitarbeiterinnen des Bundesverbandes der Pharmazeutischen Industrie, der Interessenvertretung der deutschen Pharmaindustrie in Deutschland und Europa.

Zusammenfassung

Das Ziel der Health-Claims-Verordnung war eindeutig und klar vom Gesetzgeber definiert: Erhöhung des Verbraucherschutzes. Dieses Ziel ist im Laufe der Bewertungsverfahren aus dem Blick geraten und wurde mit immer weiteren Konsultationsverfahren verwässert. Nun steht neben den gesundheitsbezogenen Aussagen für Botanicals sogar eine Vermischung der pflanzlichen Arzneimittel mit pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln zur Diskussion. Hier muss klar gewarnt werden: Der Verbraucherschutz und die Glaubwürdigkeit der EU-Kommission stehen auf der Kippe.
Effects of Myofascial Release Technique on Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mahbobeh Samani , Alireza Motealleh , Soheila Yazdani , Leila Abbasi
Published: September 2017

Background Disc herniation is one of the factors that causes low back pain (LBP).

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a myofascial release technique on pain and disability in patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation.

Method 30 patients with a herniated lumbar disc, divided into 2 groups. One group (n=15) received electrotherapeutic modalities (TENS, pulsed ultrasound, hot packs) in addition to the myofascial release technique (MFR) on trigger points in 9 soft tissue elements. The other group (n=15) received only electrotherapeutic modalities. All patients underwent 10 treatment sessions. In both groups we assessed back and lower extremity pain intensity, functional disability level and trigger point pain threshold before treatment and after 5 and 10 sessions.

Results For back pain, the median between-group differences (95% CI) compared to baseline were 2 (1–2) after the 5th session and 2 (1–4) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and 10th sessions was 1 (0–2). For functional disability, the mean between-group differences (95% CI) compared to baseline were 5 points (1.8–8.1) after the 5th session and 8.3 points (4.2–12.3) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and tenth sessions was 3.34 points (1.02–5.6). For trigger point pain threshold, the mean between-group differences compared to baseline were −1.47 kg/cm2 (−1.7 to − 1.17) after the 5th session and −3.17 (−3.6 to −2.7) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and 10th sessions was −1.7 kg/cm2 (−2.04 to −1.3).

Conclusion In conclusion, MFR might be an effective treatment for reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation.
Review and analysis of the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program
Authors: Happell Brenda , Platania-Phung Chris
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of the present study was to review and synthesise research on the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) to ascertain the benefits and limitations of this initiative for people with mental illness, general practitioners, mental health nurses and the wider community.

Methods
An electronic and manual search was made of the research literature for MHNIP in May 2017. Features of studies, including cohorts and findings, were tabulated and cross-study patterns in program processes and outcomes were closely compared.

Results
Seventeen reports of primary research data have been released. Triangulation of data from different cohorts, regions and design show that the program has been successful on the primary objectives of increased access to primary mental health care, and has received positive feedback from all major stakeholders. Although the program has been broadly beneficial to consumer health, there are inequities in access for people with mental illness.

Conclusions
The MHNIP greatly benefits the health of people with mental illness. Larger and more representative sampling of consumers is needed, as well as intensive case studies to provide a more comprehensive and effective understanding of the benefits and limitations of the program as it evolves with the establishment of primary health networks.

What is known about the topic?
The MHNIP is designed to increase access to mental health care in primary care settings such as general practice clinics. Studies have reported favourable views about the program. However, research is limited and further investigation is required to demonstrate the strengths and limitations of the program.

What does this paper add?
All studies reviewed reported that the MHNIP had positive implications for people with severe and persistent mental illness. Qualitative research has been most prevalent for mental health nurse views and research on Health of the Nation Outcome Scale scores for recipients of the program. There is more research on system dimensions than on person-centred care. Mental health consumers, carers and families have been neglected in the establishment, engagement and evaluation of the MHNIP.

What are the implications for practitioners?
A more systematic, national-level research program into the MHNIP is required that is centred more on the experiences of people with mental illness.
Wedgie Gold: Using metal detectors to recover PIT tags under areas used by wedge-tailed eagles and barn owls
Authors: Blythman M. , Sims C. , Eliot G.
Published: September 2017

A metal detector was used to recover passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from below wedge-tailed eagle and barn owl nests and roost trees. The effectiveness of four different metal detectors to locate PIT tags and Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) bands were compared. Twenty PIT tags from 14 golden bandicoots, five burrowing bettongs and one rufous hare-wallaby were recovered from wedge-tailed eagle sites. One unreadable PIT tag was recovered from a barn owl site. This technique has potential for use in determining the survivorship of translocated threatened species.
Divergent breeding values for fatness or residual feed intake in Angus cattle. 1. Pregnancy rates of heifers differed between fat lines and were affected by weight and fat
Authors: Jones F. M. , Accioly J. M. , Copping K. J. , Deland M. P. B. , Graham J. F. , Hebart M. L. , Herd R. M. , Laurence M. , Lee S. J. , Speijers E. J. , Pitchford W. S.
Published: September 2017

The pregnancy rate of heifers affects the efficiency and profitability of beef herds. Heifers extreme in rib fatness (Fat) or post-weaning residual feed intake (RFI) estimated breeding values (EBVs) were evaluated for their pregnancy rates at two locations in the southern agricultural regions of Australia (Struan and Vasse) as part of the Beef Cooperative Research Centre Maternal Productivity Project. Heifers divergent in Fat (High-Fat and Low-Fat) had differences in fat depth pre-joining at the 12/13th rib (4.4 mm vs 3.5 mm) and P8 rump site (6.1 mm vs 4.8 mm). This was associated with significant differences in pregnancy rates over a 9-week joining period (91.5% vs 83.0%) and an even larger difference when calculated over a 6-week joining period (77.3% vs 65.0%). Heifers divergent in RFI (Vasse only) also differed in rib fat (7.6 mm vs 6.4 mm) and P8 fat (11.0 vs 9.2 mm), but not significantly in pregnancy rates between the two RFI (High-RFI and Low-RFI) genotypes following a 9-week (92.4% vs 88.5%) or 6-week (81.2% vs 73.7%) joining period. The phenotypic analysis of the Fat and RFI heifers together indicated that weight and fat depth were the largest contributing factors to variation in pregnancy rates, and age and pre-joining weight gain were not significant. These phenotypic characteristics indicated that producers can manage heifers to particular weight and fat combinations to improve heifer conception rates. Associations of BREEDPLAN EBVs with heifer fertility showed that a shorter days-to-calving EBV had the biggest impact (P < 0.001) on heifer pregnancy rates and rib fat and scrotal size EBVs were close to significant (P < 0.10).
Biofilm compartmentalisation of the rumen microbiome: modification of fermentation and degradation of dietary toxins
Authors: Leng R. A.
Published: September 2017

Many deleterious chemicals in plant materials ingested by ruminants produce clinical effects, varying from losses of production efficiency through to death. Many of the effects are insidious, often going unrecognised by animal managers. When secondary plant compounds enter the rumen, they may undergo modification by rumen microbes, which often removes the deleterious compounds, but in specific instances, the deleterious effect may be enhanced. Improved understanding of rumen ecology, particularly concerning the biofilm mode of microbial fermentation, has led to major advances in our understanding of fermentation. In the present review, the potential impact of the physical structuring of the rumen microbiome is discussed in relation to how several economically important secondary plant compounds and other toxins are metabolised by the rumen microbiome and how their toxic effects may be remedied by providing inert particles with a large surface area to weight ratio in the diet. These particles provide additional surfaces for attachment of rumen microorganisms that help alleviate toxicity problems associated with deleterious compounds, including fluoroacetate, mimosine, mycotoxins, cyanoglycosides and hydrogen cyanide. The review first summarises the basic science of biofilm formation and describes the properties of biofilms and their roles in the rumen. It then addresses how biofilms on inert solids and fermentable particulates may assist in detoxification of potentially toxic compounds. A hypothesis that explains how nitrate poisoning may occur as a result of compartmentalisation of nitrate and nitrite reduction in the rumen is included.
Regarding the structure and possible function of the columella in seed cones of Callitroideae (Cupressaceae): a morpho-anatomical approach
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin , Jagel Armin
Published: September 2017

‘Columella’-named structures in seed cones of callitroid Cupressaceae were investigated. In the past, the term columella was used for different structures, which should not be summarised and treated under the same name. We suggest that all apices should be called columella, which exclusively represent the prolonged tip of the cone axis and do not reach the periphery of the seed cone and do not take part in it. The three distal lobes in Fitzroya Lindl. represent a sterile, strongly reduced, distal whorl of cone scales and not naked nucelli or resin glands as suggested in former studies. They should not be termed columella. The columellae and also the three lobes in Fitzroya may play a role within the pollination process and possibly in the chemical defence against pathogens. The columella, as it is defined here, is not restricted to the Callitroideae and is also present in other Cupressaceae, including Cupressus L. and Thujopsis Siebold & Zucc.
Pulses for Human Health: Changes in Isoflavone and Saponin Content with Preparation and Cooking
Authors: Rochfort Simone , Ezernieks Vilnis , Neumann Nathan , Panozzo Joe
Published: September 2017

Pulses are the seeds of legumes that are used for human consumption and include peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans. The bioactivity of pulse metabolites, including isoflavones and saponins, has been the subject of considerable research. However, there has been less consideration regarding the effect of cooking on these potentially beneficial phytochemicals. In this study the changes in concentration of isoflavones and saponins in 13 varieties of pulse including field pea, chickpea, and lentil is studied in whole seed, hydrated seed, and cooked seed. It was found that the concentration of isoflavones studied (genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A) was highest in chickpeas, that soaking altered the amount of isoflavones, and that cooking eliminated these isoflavones. By contrast the saponin content of the pulses was more varied and less effect of cooking was observed. This has implications for any dietary recommendation for these pulse varieties with respect to these micro-nutrients.