bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HtrA3: a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yan , Yang Jianfeng , Jin Hangbin , Wen Weiwei , Xu Ying , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

Objective

The dysregulation of the human high-temperature requirement A (HtrA) family of serine proteases is associated with many malignancies. However, there are few reports on HtrAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression, prognostic value, and biological functions of HtrAs in HNSCC.

Methods

The RNA-sequencing data and clinical data of HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The GSE30784 and GSE31056 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used for further verification. This study explored the differential expression of HtrAs and assessed their potential impact on the prognosis of HNSCC patients using a survival module. Correlations between clinical characteristics and HtrA expression levels were then explored using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. A Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed using “clusterProfile” in the R software. A Pearson/Spearman correlation test was applied to analyze the relationship between HtrAs and immune infiltration level/checkpoint genes. Validation of HtrA expression levels were carried out by RT-PCR and western blot in human squamous carcinoma cell lines (Fadu and Cal-27) and human non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelium cells (BEAS-2B). Finally, through cell transfection, CCK-8, Ki-67 immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays, the effect of HtrA3 knockdown on the malignant biological behavior of HNSCC cells was explored.

Results

The gene expression levels of HtrAs were significantly upregulated and associated with patient age, TNM stage, clinical stage, and TP53 mutation status in the TCGA-HNSCC cohort. High expressions of HtrA1/3 were associated with shorter overall survival, shorter progress-free interval, and lower disease-specific survival in HNSCC. A nomogram for HtrAs was constructed and validated. HtrA-related genes were significantly enriched in the immune response and cell apoptosis pathway. In addition, the expression of HtrAs showed significant correlations with B cells, M cells, DC cell infiltration, and immune infiltration checkpoint (CD276, TNFRSF14). Validation of HtrA expression was carried out by RT-PCR and western blot. Results of in vitro experiments indicated that HtrA3 gene knockdown inhibits the proliferation of FaDu and Cal-27 cells while concurrently promoting apoptosis.

Conclusions

HtrA3 shows significant potential as both a prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC, highlighting its relevance and importance in future research and potential clinical applications.
Human Understanding of Ismail Hakki Tonguç Within The Context Of Humanist Education Approach
Authors: DEMİREL Funda
Published: October 2023

Bu makalede 19. yüzyıl Türk düşünür ve uygulamacısı İsmail Hakkı Tonguç’un, Avrupa’da yükselişe geçen Hümanist Eğitim Yaklaşımını Cumhuriyet dönemi koşullarında nasıl yorumladığı ve eğitim uygulamalarında nasıl ortaya koyduğu, düşünürün
kendi fikirlerinden hareketle tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Tonguç’un uygulamalarındaki başarısının, onun insan anlayışı ve insana olan yaklaşımının hümanist eğitim ilkeleri açısından doğurgaları (içerimleri) değerlendirilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Antik Yunan’dan günümüze uzanan ve evreni insanın merkezi konumuna alan hümanizm anlayışı, Rönesans’ta etkilerini göstermiş, Aydınlanma döneminin kapısını aralamıştır. Dolayısıyla modern Avrupa kültürünün temelini
oluşturan Hümanizm, geniş kapsamlı bir kültür hareketi olmuştur. Kültürün yükselmesine bağlı olarak bilimde, sanatta ve eğitimde aynı zamanda ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Eğitim ülküsü ve eğitim programları yeniden düzenlemiş, bireyin
gelişmesinin ve yetkinleşmesinin önü açılmıştır. Avrupa’da bunlar gerçekleşirken henüz kurulan Türkiye’de eğitim reformlarına başlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenen reformlar çerçevesinde eğitimde izlenecek yöntem belirlenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Eğitimde atılacak adımlar için kilit bir konumda bulunan Tonguç’un eğitim uygulamaları incelendiğinde hümanist eğitim ilkelerinin Batıdan alındığı şekliyle birebir uygulamadığı; Türk insanının doğasını, duygusal
yapısını, yerel özelliklerini, adetlerini, töresini, çevre koşullarını, toplumsal olarak gereken ihtiyaçlarını gözlemleyip, yapılması gereken adımları belirledikten sonra titizlikle uygulamaya koyduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu anlamda
Tonguç’un, Hümanist eğitimi anlayışını Türk insanının kültürel yapısına uygun olarak yorumlayarak fikirlerini hayata geçirdiği anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen başarı dünyaya örnek olmuştur. Başarısının altında
yatan faktörlerin dönemin insanının gereksinimlerine ilişkin yaptığı doğru değerlendirmenin sonucu olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Views of Primary School Teachers on the Use of Web 2.0 Tools in Social Studies Courses
Authors: KURTDEDE FİDAN Nuray , YAZICI Aliye
Published: October 2023

Günümüzde teknoloji, insan hayatını önemli ölçüde etkileyen bir faktör haline gelmiştir. Özellikle eğitim alanında, güncel eğitim ihtiyaçları ve öğrenci profilleri değiştikçe, teknoloji kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. İnternetin
gelişimi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan web 2.0 araçları, eğitim ortamlarında çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Öğrencilerin daha fazla katılım göstermelerine, öğrenme deneyimlerini özelleştirmelerine ve dijital okuryazarlık becerileri
kazanmalarına yardımcı olan Web 2.0 araçlarını öğretmenler, ders içinde etkili bir şekilde kullanarak geleneksel öğretim yöntemlerine göre daha verimli öğrenme ortamları oluşturabilmektedirler. Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin
sosyal bilgiler dersinde web 2.0 araçlarını nasıl kullandıklarına dair görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseninde bir nitel araştırma yöntemi olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 2021-2022 eğitim
öğretim yılında Eskişehir il merkezinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'na bağlı devlet kurumlarında görev yapan ve ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 16 sınıf öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler, görüşme yöntemi ile araştırmacılar
tarafından geliştirilen, on sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların
güncel web 2.0 araçları hakkında bilgi sahibi oldukları ve Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde bu araçları aktif bir şekilde kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sınıf öğretmenleri, Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde web 2.0 araçlarını
kullanarak avatar oluşturma, poster hazırlama ve eğitici oyun tasarlama gibi faaliyetleri gerçekleştirmektedirler. Araştırmaya katılan sınıf öğretmenleri, sosyal bilgiler dersinde web 2.0 araçlarını kullanmanın öğrencilerin ilgisini
çektiğini, öğrenilen bilgilerin kalıcılığını ve öğrencilerin derse katılımını artırdığını ve öğrencilerin eğlenerek öğrendiğini belirtmiştir. Öğretmenler, sosyal bilgiler dersinde web 2.0 araçlarının öğrencilerin dijital okuryazarlık
ve iletişim becerilerini geliştirmeye, değerler kazandırmaya, inisiyatif alma ve girişimcilik, dijital yetkinlik ve öğrenmeyi öğrenme konularında yetkinlik kazandırmaya olumlu katkı sağladığını belirtmiştir.
The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Resilience in Coda (Individuals with Deaf Parents): The Mediator Role of Altruism
Authors: ELİÜŞÜK BÜLBÜL Ayşe , POYRAZ Mukaddes
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada Coda (sağır ebeveyne sahip olan bireyler) bireylerin bağlanma stilleri, özgecilik ve psikolojik sağlamlığı cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenine göre incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini açıklayabilmek için
özgecilik ve bağlanma stilleri düzeylerini içeren aracı model kurulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeni psikolojik sağlamlık, aracı değişkeni özgecilik ve bağımsız değişkeni bağlanma stilleridir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu
Konya Sağırlar Derneği ve diğer sosyal platformlara üye gönüllü katılımcılar oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya 77 erkek, 200 kadın toplam 277 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların kişisel bilgilerini belirlemek amacıyla “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”,
psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği”, bağlanma stillerini belirlenmesinde “Kişilerarası İlişkilerde Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği (BSÖ)” ve özgecilik düzeylerini belirlemede de “Özgecilik
(Alturizm) ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre psikolojik sağlamlık, bağlanma stilleri ve özgecilik düzeyi cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemiş; yaşa göre anlamlılık göstermiştir. Özgecilik ve psikolojik
sağlamlık arasında pozitif yönde; özgecilik ile bağlanma stilleri pozitif yönde, Bağlanma stilleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada dolaylı etkinin anlamlılığını test etmek
için bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Özgeciliklerinin Coda (sağır ebeveyne sahip olan bireyler) bireylerde bağlanma stilleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık arasında kısmi aracı role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buradan hareketle Coda
(sağır ebeveyne sahip olan bireyler) bireylerde bağlanma stilleri özgecilikleriyle birlikte psikolojik sağlamlığı artıracağı söylenebilir. Aynı zamanda bağlanma stilleri özgecilik davranışını artıracağı söylenebilir
Teachers' Opinions on Fine Arts High School Music Department Violin Students' Application of Baroque Period Violin Techniques
Authors: ÖZEN Ali , KARAKOÇ Elvan
Published: October 2023

Barok dönemde, keman çalgısı teknik ve eser yönünden gelişim göstermiştir. Bu dönemde bestelenmiş pek çok eser günümüzde keman eğitimi veren kurumlar tarafından eğitim aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Güzel Sanatlar Liseleri müzik bölümleri,
ülkemizde keman eğitimi veren kurumlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu eğitim kurumlarındaki keman öğrencileri, müziğin farklı dönemleri ile ilgili etütler ve eserler seslendirmektedirler. Barok dönem gerek dönem müzik yapısı gerek
ise çalgı teknikleri bakımından kendine has özellikler içermektedir. Araştırmada, Güzel Sanatlar Liselerindeki keman öğrencilerinin Barok dönem keman tekniklerini uygulamalarına yönelik öğretmen görüşlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Bu araştırmanın, keman eğitimine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmekte olup, bu alanda yapılacak diğer çalışmalara ışık tutması beklenmektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır.
Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama sürecinde Ankara, İzmir, Eskişehir, Antalya, Erzurum ve Mersin Güzel Sanatlar Liselerinde çalışmakta olan 9 keman öğretmenleriyle
çevrimiçi (online) görüşme yapılmıştır. Keman öğretmenlerinin hazırlanan görüşme sorularına verdiği cevaplar, araştırmanın veri kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle açıklanarak, betimsel olarak
sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda; Güzel Sanatlar Liselerindeki öğrencilerin Barok dönem müzik bilgilerinin az olduğu, Barok dönem keman tekniklerini uygularken zorlukların yaşandığı, öğretmenlerin Barok dönem eserlerindeki sağ
ve sol elde yaşanan teknik sorunların giderilmesi için öğrencilerini gam, etüt çalışmalarıyla destekledikleri, keman ders saatlerinin yetersiz olduğu tespit edilerek çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
An Examination of Text Authenticity in English Language Coursebooks for Secondary School Learners
Authors: KİMSESİZ Fatma
Published: October 2023

Authentic materials are addressed as motivating and helpful resources in foreign language instruction. To reflect a real-life sense, the integration of authenticity is taken into account in the designation of foreign language coursebooks
and the selection of tasks and activities in these books. This study examines the extent to which text authenticity is reflected in four EFL coursebooks for secondary school learners in Turkey. The coursebooks were officially selected
resources for teaching English by the Ministry of National Education in Turkiye. The data were collected from these coursebooks based on the frequency of authentic texts covering both written and spoken text types during three
weeks of examination. The study is quantitative in nature with descriptive content analysis of the written and spoken text types in terms of authenticity. The data analysis covered the quantification and categorization of both
written and spoken text types in the coursebooks based on the degree of authenticity of text in three different categories, namely authentic, semi-authentic, and non-authentic. The results related to the proportion of authentic
texts revealed that each coursebook covered a very low proportion of authentic texts in both groups of text types. This shows an inadequacy of authenticity in both written and spoken text types in the full coverage of the coursebooks
examined which also means that a great majority of the text types were non-authentic. The findings also revealed that the majority of the text types in both groups proved to be semi-authentic particularly in English coursebooks
for the 6th, 7th, and 8th graders. The results are debated based on the findings, and related pedagogical implications are also provided based on the significance of integrating authenticity in the language classroom and in the
English coursebooks.
Impact of Potassium Inoculants and Biotite on Soil Microbial Population and Enzymatic Activity under Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivation in Gangetic Plains
Authors: Jangir Radheshyam , Maurya B. R. , Yadav Manish , Goswami Suhana Puri , Yadav Suwa Lal
Published: October 2023

The study explores the impact of potassium inoculants and black mica on soil microbial populations and enzymatic activity in maize cultivated soils. Microbial communities fueled by root exudates play essential roles in nutrient cycling, plant health, and soil structure. This study investigates the effects of potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) and mineral potassium on microbial populations and enzymatic activity across different growth stages of maize. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 14 treatments, including combinations of KSB isolates, mineral potassium, and inorganic potassium. Microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and KSB) were quantified using serial dilution and plating techniques. Enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease) were assessed to understand nutrient interactions and microbial influences. The findings indicate that all treatments exhibited increased microbial populations compared to the control. Notably, treatment 75% recommended potassium dose + 25% potassium from Biotite + OVPS 05 consistently demonstrated the highest microbial growth. The presence of KSB appeared crucial in enhancing bacterial and fungal populations. Additionally, enzymatic activities were significantly influenced by treatments, with 75% recommended potassium dose + 25% potassium from Biotite + OVPS 05 showing the highest dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and urease activities. These results suggest that the combination of KSB isolates and mineral potassium contributes to enhanced microbial populations and soil enzymatic activities, offering insights into sustainable agriculture practices that balance productivity and soil health. The study sheds light on the intricate relationships between microorganisms, nutrients, and soil biochemical processes, providing valuable guidance for future agricultural strategies.
Multifunctional Janus Separators for Safer and Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Callegari Daniele , Davino Stefania , Parmigiani Miriam , Medina‐Llamas Maria , Malavasi Lorenzo , Quartarone Eliana
Published: October 2023

The design of multifunctional separators can address crucial drawbacks of the lithium‐metal batteries. Here, a novel Janus separator (JS) is developed with tunable properties to prevent internal short circuiting and improve the cathode/electrolyte interface. JS is a P(VdF‐HFP) composite with LLZO facing lithium (Li) anode (Layer A) and N‐CQDs contacting the NMC cathode. Layer A acts as Li‐ion flux regulator to hinder dendrite propagation; Layer B plays multiple roles: i) promotion of better carrier migration, ii) protection from side reactions at the NMC cathode and iii) action as physical barrier against dendrite penetration. Galvanostatic cycling of Li/NMC cells with JS including 5 wt% CQDs demonstrated that JS was effective to avoid self‐discharge and internal short‐circuiting due to dendrite perforation, resulting in enhanced cell lifespan. Specific capacity >150 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 91 % was delivered over 130 cycles at 1C. This result contrasted with higher capacity loss (>25 %) and cell failure in case of P(VdF‐HFP) and Single Layer A separators, respectively. Post‐mortem SEM on JS confirmed that the introduced functionalities successfully intercept dendrites. ARC overheating tests on JS‐based cells demonstrated a remarkably higher thermal resistance and lower severity of the exothermic phenomena compared to Celgard separators.
Der Verlauf der kathodischen Reduktion von Trichlornitromethan
Authors: Brintzinger H. , Ziegler H. W. , Schneider E.
Published: October 2023

Bei der kathodischen Reduktion von Trichlornitromethan konnten als Reaktionsprodukte bisher nur Methylhydroxylamin und Methylamin festgestellt werden. Durch das Auffinden geeigneter Versuchsbedingungen hinsichtlich der Elektrolytzusammensetzung, des Materials und der Art der Elektroden sowie der Temperatur gelang es als erstes Reduktionsprodukt das Trichlornitrosomethan zu isolieren. Dieses wird zu Dichlornitrosomethan weiter reduziert, das sich sofort in Dichlorformoxim umlagert. Dichlorformoxim läßt sich bei Einhaltung optimaler Versuchsbedingungen zu 65% der theoretischen Materialausbeute gewinnen. Dies wird erreicht, wenn als Lösungsmittel für das zu reduzierende Trichlornitromethan eine 35% Schwefelsäure und 65% Äthylalkohol enthaltende Lösung, als Kathode eine Schlange aus Zinnrohr angewandt wird, die von einer Kühlflüssigkeit durchströmt wird, so daß die Temperatur an der Kathode unter + 5° C bleibt, und wenn nicht mehr als höchstens 75% der theoretisch zur Überführung von Trichlornitromethan in Dichlorformoxim erforderlichen Strommenge angewandt werden.

Aus äußeren Gründen war es uns bisher noch nicht möglich, unsere schon begonnenen Untersuchungen über die Isolierung der noch zu erwartenden Zwischenprodukte Dichlormethyldroxylamin und Monochlormethylhydroxylamin auszuführen, die auf dem Wege zum Methylhydrosylamin und Methylamin auftreten müssen.

Die kathodische Reduktion des Trichlornitromethans nimmt also bei geeigneten Versuchsbedingungen folgenden Verlauf:

magnified image
Bestimmung der Flammengeschwindigkeit einer Wärmeflamme durch Lösen eines Eigenwertproblems mit der Integrieranlage IPM‐Ott
Authors: Bartholomé E. , Dreyer H.‐J. , Lesemann K.‐J.
Published: October 2023

Für das Beispiel der CH4‐Luft‐Flamme wurden die Differentialgleichungen der Wärmetheorie mit der Integrieranlage IPM‐Ott instrumentell gelöst. Die Flammengeschwindigkeit ergibt sich dabei als Eigenwert der Differentialgleichungen. Gleichzeitig liefert die Integration das vollständige Temperaturprofil der Flamme. Es besteht ausgezeichnete numerische Übereinstimmung der so ermittelten Flammengeschwindigkeit sowohl mit dem gemessenen Wert als auch mit dem Wert, der durch analytische Integration der Differentialgleichungen unter vereinfachenden Annahmen gefunden wurde.
Hochleistungs‐Füllelemente mit PbO2‐ oder MnO2‐Folienelektroden
Authors: Lange E. , Nagel K.
Published: October 2023

Es werden Maßnahmen erörtert, die beim Aufbau eines Hochleistungselements, d. h. eines galvanischen Elements mit möglichst hoher Leistung je Gewichtseinheit, berücksichtigt werden müssen. Wichtig ist vor allem die als Folienprinzip bezeichnete optimale Flächenentwicklung und optimale Dicke der aktiven Schichten. Zum praktischen Aufbau eines als Füllelement ausgebildeten Folienelementes Pb/PbO2/H2SO4/Zn wurden dünne PbO2‐Schichten auf Bleifolien durch Formieren in perchlorathaltiger Schwefelsäure hergestellt. Bei einer Entladezeit von fast 4 Minuten mit einer Stromstärke von 25 A ergibt ein solches Folienelement eine Leistungs‐ausbeute von 0, 5 W/g und eine Arbeitsausbeute von 0, 03 Wh/g. Durch Abscheidung aus Bleisalzlösungen hergestellte PbO2‐Schichten sind zum Aufbau von Folienelementen nicht geeignet.

Ferner ist es möglich, MnO2‐Folienelektroden durch Abscheidung auf geeigneter Unterlage herzustellen und zum Aufbau von Folienelementen zu verwenden. Bei einer Entladezeit von 4, 7 Minuten mit 18 A betrug die Leistungsausbeute 0, 29 W/g, die Arbeitsausbeute 0, 023 Wh/g.
Neue Versuche zur elektrochemischen Oxydation von o‐Toluolsulfamid an Graphitelektroden
Authors: Eisenbrand Josef
Published: October 2023

Nach einem Überblick über den bisherigen Stand der Kenntnisse, wird die elektrochemische Oxydation von o‐Toluolsulfamid zu Benzoesäuresulfinid unter dem Gesichtspunkt ihrer technischen Verwertbarkeit an Graphitanoden in alkalischen Natriumsulfatlösungen untersucht. In solchen Lösungen, deren Alkalität innerhalb enger Grenzen liegen soll, wird bei fraktioniertem Arbeiten eine brauchbare Stoffausbeute (50% der Theorie) auch an Graphitelektroden erreicht, die Stromausbeute ist weniger günstig als an Platinelektroden. Es kann bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur gearbeitet werden und, abgesehen von einem Überzug über die Kathode, ist ein besonderes Diaphragma nicht nötig.
Über den Einfluß der Diffusionsschicht auf die elektrochemische Bestimmung des Sauerstoffs und der Oxydbedeckung von Metallen
Authors: Tödt F. , Kahan S. , Schwarz W.
Published: October 2023

Im Anschluß an frühere Arbeiten, die über die Strommengenlieferung sauerstoffbeladener Elektroden in galvanischer Elementanordnung berichteten, wird auf Grund experimenteller Daten auf die Übereinstimmung zwischen Stromdichte des Grenzstromes und der aus dem 1. Fickschen Diffusionsgesetz zu erwartenden Stromdichte hingewiesen. An Hand des Modells einer Diffusionsschicht mit linearem Konzentrationsgefälle werden ferner die Grenzfälle aufgezeigt, in denen eine gefundene Strommenge einem Vorgang auf der Elektrode zugeordnet werden kann, und die dazu nötigen Vernachlässigungen diskutiert. Das zeitliche Abklingen der Stromdichte, hervorgerufen durch Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht in ruhender Lösung, wird innerhalb der Meßgenauigkeit als gut übereinstimmend mit dem vom Diffusionsgesetz geforderten Verlauf gefunden.
Die Termanalyse bei den Emissionsbanden der Sulfidphosphore III
Authors: Schenck Rudolf
Published: October 2023

Nach systematischer Zusammenstellung der Ergebnisse von Abhandlung I und II1) wird die chemische Bedeutung der Endabsorption des Lichtes in den Gittern der Grundsubstanzen untersucht und darauf aufmerksam gemacht, daß die Wellenzahlendifferenz an der kurzwelligen Kante des Übergangsgebietes der Sulfide CaS und ZnS ihrer Größe nach der halben Differenz der Bildungsarbeiten dieser Stoffe aus den Elementen entspricht. Das läßt vermuten, daß an dieser Kante das Niveau der Photolyse

liegt. Im längerwelligen Übergangsgebiet überlagern einander wahrscheinlich mehrere photolytische Reaktionen mit Polysulfiden als Partnern, z. B.

deren Energieniveau ζ12 unweit ζ0 liegt. Mit seiner Hilfe wird für ZnS das dort nicht beobachtbare ζ8 der Abschätzung zugänglich. Das zugehörige Phosphoroszenzband ist danach beim Beginn der Endabsorption, etwa bei λ∼410 mμ zu suchen.

Bei der Formulierung der Elementvorgänge begegnet man in allen Triaden der Phosphorogenkoastanten ζ3a. Von ihr hängt auch das Mittelniveau der Grundtriade ζ2 ab; es steigt mit Ansteigen von ζ3a. Sichtlich hängt sein Wert mit der Größe der Schwefeltensionen der Disproportionerungsprozesse der schwermetallischen Phosphorogensulfide

zusammen, so daß man es mit Gleichgewichtsproblemen zwischen chemischer Energie und Licht zu tun hat. Die Schwefeltensionen und mit ihnen die ζ3a‐Werte erfahren bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von zwei Schwermetallphosphorogenen Verschiebungen durch Bildung von Doppelsulfiden. In ihr hat man die Ursache der Emissionsstörungen und der „Killer”︁ wirkung zu suchen, wie sie bei Eisen‐ oder Nickelspuren in den Leuchtmassen auftreten. Insbesondere wird die Sachlage bei den Schwermetallsulfidpaaren Cu2S/Bi2S3, Cu2S/Fe2S3, NiS/Sb2S3 und NiS/Bi2S3 diskutiert.

Störungen können auch durch Überschwefelung der Phosphore verursacht werden; ihre Beseitigung durch Glühen an der Luft, mit etwas ZnO, CaSO4 oder in einer Wasserstoffatmosphäre wird begründet.
Darstellung pulverförmiger Silber‐Quecksilber‐Legierungen bei Zimmertemperatur: Untersuchung auf Gitterstörung, Teilchengröße und Gitterverzerrung
Authors: Hund F. , Müller J.
Published: October 2023

1. Mischungen von Silber‐ und Quecksilbernitratlösung im Verhältnis der gewünschten Legierungszusammensetzung wurden mit überschüssigem Formaldehyd versetzt, unter definierten Bedingungen in Natronlauge eingetragen und zu pulverförmigen schwarzen Substanzen reduziert. Die Analysensumme der Präparate lag in keinem Fall unter 99,8%.

2. Die Gitterkonstanten für α‐Mischkristalle wurden nach der asymmetrischen Methode von Straumanis bestimmt; diese nehmen von 4,077 ± 0,001 kX des reinen Silbers fast linear zu bis auf 4,174 ± 0,001 kX des Mischkristalls mit 34,8 Atomprozenten Quecksilber.

3. Die Dichten der pulverförmigen Legierungen wurden pyknometrisch gemessen und stimmen innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen mit den Röntgendichten überein.

4. Die wärmeschwingungsartigen Gitterstörungen wurden nach der Absolutmethode röntgenographisch mit dem Interferenzzählrohr bestimmt und in Beziehung gesetzt zu der aus der Wärmebewegung der Gitterbausteine herrührenden Temperaturstörung. Mit steigendem Quecksilbergehalt nimmt die Gesamtstörung bis zum Präparat mit 40 Gew.‐% Quecksilber um mehr als 300% zu.

5. Die Primärteilchengröße und die Gitterverzerrung der untersuchten Legierungen wurden röntgenographisch bestimmt. Die Teilchengröße sinkt dabei von Λn = 769 ± 26 kX des reinen Silbers über Λ = 394 ± 27 kX des Präparates mit 20 Gew.‐% Quecksilber auf Λ = 905 ± 9 kX der Legierung mit 40 Gew.‐% Quecksilber ab; der Gang der Gitterverzerrungen in derselben Folge ist \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{da}}{a} = 0.15 \pm 0,01,\,0,36 \pm 0,02 $\end{document} und 0,23 ± 0,01%.
Der Ultraschallabbau langkettiger Moleküle und der Mechanismus der Kavitation. II
Authors: Okuyama Masataka
Published: October 2023

Die experimentellen Abhängigkeiten zwischen Abbaukinetik und den Faktoren, wie Polymerenstabilität, Polymerisationsgrad, Löslichkeitsvermögen, Viskosität und Dampfdruck des Lösungsmittels, Volum und Konzentration der Lösung, Intensität des Ultraschalls, Temperatur und hydrostatischer Druck, werden theoretisch diskutiert unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Kavitationsmechanismus.
Integrale Verdünnungswärmen wäßriger Lösungen von La(NO3)3, Ba3(FeCy6)2, Mg2FeCy6 und LaFeCy6
Authors: Lange E. , Miederer W.
Published: October 2023

Als Beispiel für einen 3–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten wurden die molaren integralen Verdünnungswärmen verdünnter wäßriger Lösungen von La(NO3)3 bei 25° C bestimmt. Für die Anfangsneigung im Gebiet großer Verdünnung ergab sich: Vc = 6100 √m cal/mol Salz. In diesem Falle stimmen der experimentelle und der theoretische Quotient dieser Anfangsneigungen, bezogen auf die Anfangsneigung eines 1–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten, gut überein.

Als Beispiel für einen 2–3‐ und 2–4‐wertigen Elektrolyten wurden die molaren integralen Verdünnungswärmen wäßriger Lösungen von Ba3(FeCy6)2 bzw. Mg2FeCy6 bei 25° C bestimmt. Für große Verdünnung ergab sich:

magnified image

bzw. Vc = 47000 √m cal/mol Salz für Ba2FeCy6.

In diesen Fällen ist der experimentelle Quotient der Anfangsneigungen — wiederum bezogen auf einen 1–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten — zwei‐ bis dreimal so groß wie der entsprechende theoretische Quotient.

Als Beispiel für einen 3–3‐wertigen Elektrolyten wurden die molaren integralen Verdünnungswärmen wäßriger Lösungen von LaFeCy6 bei 25° C bestimmt. Es ergab sich als Anfangsneigung: Vc = 1400 √m cal/mol Salz. Der experimentelle Quotient dieser Anfangsneigung — bezogen auf die eines 1–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten — ist etwa achtmal kleiner als der entsprechende theoretische Quotient.
Impedanzmessungen an Kohleelektroden in geschmolzenen Salzen und Wäßrigen Lösungen
Authors: Drossbach Paul
Published: October 2023

Es werden Impedanzmessungen an Kohleelektroden in Schmelzen von KCl, NaCl + PbCl2, von PbCl2, von KCl, NaCl + K2ZrF6 bzw. K2TaF7, von K2TiF6 (+ KHF2), von PbF2 + LiF und von Wäßrigen Lösungen von HCl bzw. H2SO4 mitgeteilt.
Zur Auswertung der Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelstreuung mittels Fourieranalyse
Authors: Gerold V.
Published: October 2023

Die Theorie von Porod.

Die Theorie von Hosemann.

Die Lösung der scheinbaren Widersprüche.

Die Streuung komplementärer Systeme.

Die Theorie von Cowley.

Zusammenfassung.
Integrale Verdünnungswärmen wäßriger Lösungen von Na3Fe(CN)6 bei 25 °C
Authors: Lange Erich , Secrest Donald
Published: October 2023

Als Beispiel für einen weiteren 1‐3‐wertigen Elektrolyten wurden die molaren integralen Verdünnungs‐wärmen wäßriger Lösungen von Na3Fe(CN)6 bei 25 °C bestimmt. Die gefundene experimentelle Anfangsneigung entspricht der Beziehung: Vc = 6300 √m cal.
Hollow Bowl NiS2@polyaniline Conductive Linker/Graphene Conductive Network: A Triple Composite for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Guo Yanming , Chang Jin , Hu Liangqing , Lu Yinpeng , Yao Shipeng , Su Xiaojiang , Zhang Xinyi , Zhang Hexin , Feng Jing
Published: October 2023

The achievement of the outstanding theoretical capacitance of nickel sulfide (NiS2) is challenging due to its low conductivity, slow electrochemical kinetics, and poor structural stability. In this study, we utilize polyaniline (PANI) as a linker to anchor the NiS2 with a hollow bowl‐like structure, uniformly dispersed at the surface of graphene oxide (GO)(NiS2@15PG). The presence of PANI provides growth sites, resulting in a uniform and dense arrangement of NiS2. This morphological modulation of NiS2 increases the contact area between the active material to electrolyte. Additionally, PANI effectively connects NiS2 with the conductive network of GO, which advances the electrical conductivity and ion diffusion properties. As a result, the Rct (charge transfer resistance) and Zw (Warburg impedance) of NiS2@15PG decrease by 82.61 % and 66.76 % respectively. This unique structure confers NiS2@15PG with high specific capacitance (536.13 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) and excellent multiplicative property of 60.93 % at 20 A g−1. The assembled NiS2@15PG//YP‐50 supercapacitors (HSC) demonstrates an energy density (13.09 Wh kg−1) at a high‐power density (16 kW kg−1). The capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1 is 86.59 %, indicating its significant potential for practical applications.
Distributed aperiodic sampled‐data implement for dual objective control of energy storage systems
Authors: Su Youfeng , Liu Xin , Cai He , Zhang Ying , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: October 2023

This article solves the dual objective control problem for an energy storage system by distributed aperiodic sampled‐data controller under both connected static network and jointly‐connected switching network. The proposed sample‐and‐hold controller is composed of the leaderless consensus algorithm, which aims at state‐of‐energy balancing, and the leader‐following distributed observer, which aims at reference power tracking. By resorting to the generalized Krasovskii‐LaSalle theorem, it is proven that the closed‐loop system is uniformly exponentially stable using the so‐called limiting solution. There are two distinguished features of the proposed control scheme. First, the designs of the leaderless consensus algorithm and the leader‐following distributed observer can be accomplished independently. Second, the effectiveness of the control law can be guaranteed by properly tuning the feedback gains even for some extreme cases of drastic changes on sensing and sampling. Comprehensive simulation results are shown to examine the performance of the proposed control implement.
Linking the metabolic rate of individuals to species ecology and life history in key Arctic copepods
Authors: Karlsson Konrad , Søreide Janne E.
Published: October 2023

This study compares the active and resting metabolic rates of species and life stages of copepods during the Arctic winter. Measurements were taken on individuals, and rates were described as functions of body mass. Differences in metabolic rate between species and life stages with the same mass were taken as evidence of distinct lifestyles. Copepod species that opportunistically feed during winter had higher active metabolic rates than species in a dormant state, but their resting metabolic rates were similar. Furthermore, metabolic rate increased more rapidly with mass for males compared to females and juvenile copepods with the result that the largest males had much greater rates. Whether the copepod was active or at rest had the greatest effect on metabolic rate, followed by body mass, species, and life stage having the least effect. Individual measurements on copepods can facilitate comparisons of metabolic rate across mass and further enable the measurement of rates when the individuals are active or at rest. The plasticity in metabolic rate found in the present study enables winter active species to have as low metabolic rates as dormant species and then suddenly mobilize and increase metabolism, likely as an adaptation to the scarce and random food availability during winter.
Asymptotics of pure dimer coverings on rail yard graphs
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Vuletić Mirjana
Published: October 2023

We study the asymptotic limit of random pure dimer coverings on rail yard graphs when the mesh sizes of the graphs go to 0. Each pure dimer covering corresponds to a sequence of interlacing partitions starting with an empty partition and ending in an empty partition. Under the assumption that the probability of each dimer covering is proportional to the product of weights of present edges, we obtain the limit shape (law of large numbers) of the rescaled height functions and the convergence of the unrescaled height fluctuations to a diffeomorphic image of the Gaussian free field (Central Limit Theorem), answering a question in [7]. Applications include the limit shape and height fluctuations for pure steep tilings [9] and pyramid partitions [20; 36; 39; 38]. The technique to obtain these results is to analyze a class of Macdonald processes which involve dual partitions as well.
When it comes to taxes, ownership intuitions abide by the law
Authors: Kleiman-Lynch Leo J. , McCullough Michael E.
Published: October 2023

Boyer suggests that laws cannot account for ownership intuitions, but there may be situations when intuitions hew to laws almost perfectly. Laws granting governments taxation powers provide an interesting case study. We report data here suggesting that people's intuitions track law very closely, and are unaffected by manipulating a P() tag input. We propose two hypotheses to explain this finding.
Ownership as an extension of self: An alternative to a minimalist model
Authors: Nancekivell Shaylene E. , Pesowski Madison L.
Published: October 2023

Our commentary challenges Boyer's model by arguing that the extended-self is a more likely basis for ownership psychology. We outline how self-based principles of investment and control might structure thinking about ownership and related rights. We end by expanding the extended-self account to include welfare, as a way of understanding the contexts under which ownership is upheld or violated.
Ownership and willingness to compete for resources
Authors: Friedman Ori
Published: October 2023

Boyer proposes that ownership intuitions depend on tracking cues predictive of agents’ motivations to compete for resources. However, the account may mis-predict people's intuitions about ownership, and it may also be too cognitively costly to be feasible. Even so, alternative accounts could benefit by taking inspiration from how the account handles thorny issues in the psychology of ownership.
The origins of property law
Authors: Patrick Carlton
Published: October 2023

Research is increasingly suggesting that human intuitions form the core of many laws. Laws, therefore, can serve as one potential testing ground for new theories about the content and structure of intuitions. Here the model of ownership psychology as an evolved cognitive adaptation is evaluated against long-standing features of property law.
How the minimalist model of ownership psychology can aid in explaining moral behaviors under resource constraints
Authors: Mitkidis Panagiotis , Elbaek Christian T.
Published: October 2023

The model of ownership psychology as a cognitive adaptation proposes that people flexibly navigate cognitive systems of cooperation and competition, thus enabling them to justify unethical behavior. We discuss how this model captures previous accounts of unethical behavior and propose that a disengagement heuristic can help us understand recent findings in the interconnection between scarcity psychology and unethical behavior.
A cooperative–competitive perspective of ownership necessitates an understanding of ownership disagreements
Authors: Echelbarger Margaret , Tully Stephanie M.
Published: October 2023

Boyer's cognitive model of ownership, based on cooperation and competition, underscores the importance of studying disagreements in ownership. We argue that exploring the factors that can lead to different perceptions and experiences of ownership will uniquely inform our understanding of legal, psychological, and perceived ownership beliefs.
Cognitive difficulties following adversity are not related to mental health: Findings from the ABCD study
Authors: Vedechkina Maria , Holmes Joni
Published: October 2023

Early life adversity is associated with differences in cognition and mental health that can impact on daily functioning. This study uses a hybrid machine-learning approach that combines random forest classification with hierarchical clustering to clarify whether there are cognitive differences between individuals who have experienced moderate-to-severe adversity relative to those have not experienced adversity, to explore whether different forms of adversity are associated with distinct cognitive alterations and whether these such alterations are related to mental health using data from the ABCD study (n = 5,955). Cognitive measures spanning language, reasoning, memory, risk-taking, affective control, and reward processing predicted whether a child had a history of adversity with reasonable accuracy (67%), and with good specificity and sensitivity (>70%). Two subgroups were identified within the adversity group and two within the no-adversity group that were distinguished by cognitive ability (low vs high). There was no evidence for specific associations between the type of adverse exposure and cognitive profile. Worse cognition predicted lower levels of mental health in unexposed children. However, while children who experience adversity had elevated mental health difficulties, their mental health did not differ as a function of cognitive ability, thus providing novel insight into the heterogeneity of psychiatric risk.
Waterworks, municipal government and the environment in twentieth-century Britain
Authors: McTominey Andrew
Published: October 2023

From the nineteenth century onwards, municipal authorities vested increasing amounts of power in experts, those who could provide specialist knowledge on areas outside the remit of local councillors. This, though, was attached with risk, as municipal resources could be wasted. This article takes the example of the Ure Valley waterworks project, a scheme developed by Leeds Corporation at the start of the twentieth century. What was deemed a necessary and straightforward project to alleviate future water shortages became embroiled in engineering difficulties and financial issues which resulted in only one of the five planned reservoirs being built. This case-study shines a light on the inner workings of local government, as well as the confluence between politics, economics and the urban–rural hinterland environment.
Effect of hydrogen on the passivation for ultra-thin 316 L SS foil
Authors: Yue Xiaoqi , Yang Zhile , Larsson Alfred , Tang Huajie , Appelfeller Stephan , Sefer Birhan , Preobrajenski Alexei , Li Jun , Zhang Lei , Pan Jinshan
Published: October 2023

The reformation and characterisation of the passive film formed on ultra-thin 316 L after hydrogen charging is investigated by combining EBSD, TMDS, XRD, Synchrotron-based XPS, and electrochemical experiments. The results show that ultra-thin foil reforms a passive film after 12 h of hydrogen release in NaCl solution. The reformed passive film is half the thickness of the as-received passive film and is dominated by Cr oxides/hydroxides. The lattice extension caused by residual hydrogen accelerates Cr migration to form Cr2O3; while the diffusible hydrogen occupies the cation vacancies and results in high defect density for the reformed passive film within 12 h.
Mechanical condition diagnosis method of high‐voltage reactor using its oil tank operation deflection shape
Authors: Zhu Lingyu , Zhang Yukun , Zhan Cao , Ji Shengchang , Qiu Zicheng , Zhang Fan , Gao Shuguo
Published: October 2023

After the long‐term operation, multiple mechanical defects (i.e. loosening of winding and core) of the high‐voltage reactor will emerge. Mechanical conditions of these critical components inside the high‐voltage reactors differ vibration of the oil tank. Thus, in this paper, array vibration sensors attached to the external surface of the tank are utilized to derive the operation deflection shape, which provides effective‐rich information for defects diagnosis. The influence of the applied voltage and mechanical conditions are deeply investigated, and the results indicate that the vibration of the frequency components at 100 Hz is only related to mechanical conditions but not sensitive to the applied voltage. Thereby, nodal lines are extracted from operation deflection shape at the same frequency (100 Hz) using edge extraction, which contains less interference information compared to the traditional greyscale image. The distance between nodal line features, estimated by the Siamese network, is adopted as an effective indicator to classify various defect types and levels of multiple mechanical conditions. Experimental results confirm the accuracy and feasibility of this proposed method in identifying mechanical conditions, and the respective identification accuracy for defects of winding and iron core reaches 100% and 92.9%, which is better than that from greyscale samples.
Aufgabenprofile für Pflegefachpersonen mit Bachelorabschluss
in Deutschland
Authors: Darmann-Finck Ingrid , Hülsmann Lisa , Nikolajev Sergej
Published: October 2023

Obwohl in Deutschland schon seit ca. zehn Jahren Pflegefachpersonen auf
Bachelorniveau qualifiziert werden, bestehen nach wie vor Unklarheiten
hinsichtlich möglicher Aufgabenprofile in Abgrenzung zu beruflich
qualifizierten Pflegefachpersonen oder Pflegefachpersonen mit einem
Masterabschluss. Um Aufgabenprofile für Pflegefachpersonen mit
Bachelorabschluss zu identifizieren, wurde zunächst eine mehrstufige
Literaturrecherche sowie eine inhaltsanalytische Auswertung der gefundenen
Literatur durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden dann im Hinblick auf das
dafür erforderliche Qualifikationsniveau analysiert und die so
für das Bachelorniveau ermittelten Aufgaben anhand von drei Fokusgruppen
überprüft und angepasst. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass
in der Literatur häufig Aufgaben empfohlen werden, die nicht
qualifikationsgerecht sind. Außerdem gibt es eine Tendenz, Aufgaben in
der indirekten Pflege vorzuschlagen. Durch die Studie werden fünf
Aufgaben für die direkte Pflege und fünf Aufgaben für
die indirekte Pflege ermittelt. In der direkten Pflege steht die
Pflegeprozesssteuerung/-gestaltung in hochkomplexen Pflegesituationen
auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage an erster Stelle. Aus den Schwierigkeiten bei
der Festlegung von passenden Aufgaben in der direkten Pflege wird geschlossen,
dass die Indikatoren für hochkomplexe Pflegesituationen einer weiteren
Operationalisierung bedürfen. Außerdem müssen die
praktischen Studienanteile besser als bisher auf die Aufgaben vorbereiten, die
die Absolvent:innen später übernehmen sollen.
One-device colonoscopy: feasibility, cost savings, and plastic waste reduction by procedure indication, when performed by a high detecting colonoscopist
Authors: Rex Douglas K. , Gallagher Jackson A. , Lahr Rachel E. , Vemulapalli Krishna C. , Sharma Prateek , Hassan Cesare
Published: October 2023

Background Cold forceps and snares are each effective for removing polyps of 1–3 mm, while snares are more effective for polyps of 4–10 mm in size. If, in the same patient, polyps of 1–3 mm are removed with forceps and those of 4–10 mm with snares, two devices are used. If cold snares are used to resect all lesions of 1–10 mm (one-device colonoscopy), there is a potential for lower costs and less plastic waste.

Methods A single high detecting colonoscopist prospectively measured the feasibility of cold snaring all colorectal lesions of ≤10 mm in size, along with the associated costs and plastic waste reduction.

Results 677 consecutive lower gastrointestinal endoscopies (not for inflammatory bowel disease) were assessed. Of 1430 lesions of 1–3 mm and 1685 lesions of 4–10 mm in size, 1428 (99.9%, 95%CI 99.5%–100%) and 1674 (99.3%, 95%CI 98.8%–99.7%), respectively, were successfully resected using cold snaring. Among 379 screening and surveillance patients, universal cold snaring of lesions ≤10 mm saved 35 and 47 cold forceps per 100 screening and surveillance patients, respectively.

Conclusion Cold snare resection of all lesions ≤10 mm (one-device colonoscopy) was feasible, and reduced costs and plastic waste.
Truly Catalytic Gewald Synthesis of 2-Aminothiophenes Using Piperidinium Borate (Pip Borate), a Conjugate Acid–Base Pair
Authors: Chaturbhuj Ganesh U. , Gavali Kanchan D.
Published: October 2023

The Gewald reaction has been well-known for more than half a century as an excellent method to provide bioactive 2-aminothiophene heterocycles from the reaction of carbonyl compounds, α-cyanoacetates, and elemental sulfur, in the presence of amines, in stoichiometric amounts. This work describes the use of salts of boric acid as conjugate acid-base pairs in a truly catalytic amount for the cyclocondensation of ketones with active methylenes such as malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, and benzoyl acetonitrile with sulfur to give 2-aminothiophenes via the Gewald reaction. The present protocol is also applied for synthesizing Tinoridine, an anti-peroxidative NSAID, with excellent yield. Additionally, the catalyst has great recyclability and reusability.