bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenolic profiles and antitumor activity against colorectal cancer cells of seeds from selected Ribes taxa
Authors: Lyashenko Svetlana , López-Ruiz Rosalía , García-Cervantes Ana Minerva , Rodríguez-García Ignacio , Yunusova Svetlana , Guil-Guerrero José Luis
Published: February 2024

Seeds from several Ribes taxa were surveyed for phenolic compounds and in vitro antiproliferative activity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Total phenolic compounds were analysed through the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, while phenolic profiles were analysed by LC coupled to a single mass spectrometer Orbitrap using an electrospray interface (ESI). Antitumor effects were established using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Total phenolics ranged from 11.4 in R. alpinum to 94.8 mg of caffeic acid equivalents (CAE)/g in R. nigrum 'Koksa'. Concerning phenolic compounds, four were hydroxylated benzoic acids, four cinnamic acid derivatives, eight flavonoids, and nine flavonoid glycosides. The growth inhibition against HT-29 cancer cells was exercised much better by R. nigrum 'Koksa' and Ribes 'Erkeeni' (GI50 37 and 42 µg/ml). All Ribes extracts, except R. nigrum 'Hara katarlik', showed higher activity than that of R. rubrum (GI50 at 72 h: 99 µg/ml). Interestingly, the highly bioactive extract from Ribes 'Erkeeni' contains all detected phenolics, while R. nigrum 'Koksa' lacks only populnin. Therefore, the high bioactivity found for such extracts could be due to a synergy due to all detected compounds. This work constitutes a comprehensive action for expanding knowledge on the phenolic profiles and antitumor activity of GLA-rich Ribes seeds.
Dirac field, van der Waals gas, Weyssenhoff fluid, Newton particle
Authors: Fabbri Luca
Published: February 2024

We consider the Dirac field in polar formulation, showing that when torsion is taken in effective approximation the theory has the thermodynamic properties of a van der Waals gas, that when the limit of zero chiral angle is taken the theory reduces to that of a Weyssenhoff fluid, and that under the spinless condition it gives the Newtonian particle. This nesting of approximations will allow us to interpret the various objects pertaining to the spinor, with torsion providing a form of negative pressure, and the chiral angle being related to a type of internal dynamics.
Finite and Symmetric Euler Sums and Multiple T-Values
Authors: Zhao Jianqiang
Published: February 2024

Euler sums are alternating (or level two) extension of multiple zeta values (MZVs). Kaneko and Tsumura initiated the study of multiple T-values (MTVs), another level two generalization, by restricting the summation indices in the definition of MZVs to a fixed parity pattern. In this paper, we shall study finite MTVs and their alternating versions which are level two and level four variations of finite MZVs, respectively. We conjecture that all finite MZVs are in the Q-span of finite MTVs which in turn apparently lie in the span of finite Euler sums, and the inclusions are both proper. We shall first provide some structural results for Euler sums of small weights, guided by the author's previous conjecture that the finite Euler sum space of weight w is isomorphic to a quotient Euler sum space of weight w. Then, by utilizing some well-known properties of the classical alternating MTVs, we shall derive a few important Q-linear relations among the finite alternating MTVs, including the reversal, linear shuffle and sum relations. We then compute the upper bound for the dimension of the Q-span of weight w finite (alternating) MTVs for w<9, both rigorously using the newly discovered relations and numerically aided by computers.
3D Printing Modules for Self-Assembling Space Systems
Authors: Ellery Alex , Elaskri Abdurr
Published: February 2024

We explore 3D printing modules for self-assembling spacecraft and robots – structure, actuators, electrics. Self-assembly has long been viewed as a highly desirable capability for autonomous construction of large space structures. We review self-assembly in space which focusses on the self-assembly of modules that demonstrate the range of applications. However, self-assembly may be synergised with 3D printing to offer an automated capability from raw material to modules for assembling new spacecraft or habitats. One application of 3D printing is using space debris on-orbit as an in-situ resource - defunct spacecraft may be salvaged as raw material for in-situ construction on demand. The common features of all self-assembling modules are that the modules constitute a structure housing a computer-controlled actuator internally and a reversible latching mechanism externally. We have demonstrated a 3D printed DC electric motor in which the only components that were not 3D printed are the wire coils. We have married our 3D printed motor prototype as an actuated joint between two 3D printed trigon-type panels developed as part of a trigon self-assembling system concept. The trigon concept underlies a modular approach to self-assembling and self-deploying structures. The 3D printed motorised panel system demonstrates that the motor aspect and structural aspects of robotic self-assembling machines are amenable to 3D printing. This has implications for self-assembling systems into modular satellites as a solution to space debris.
Melatonin Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity by Mitigating Inflammation and Activating AMPK Signaling in a Mouse Model of Sleep Fragmentation
Authors: Hong Seok Hyun , Lee Da-Been , Kim Jinkwan , Yoon Dae-Wui
Published: February 2024

Sleep fragmentation (SF) can increase inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to metabolic dysfunction. SF is associated with inflammation of adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Several studies suggested that melatonin may have beneficial metabolic effects by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, it is unclear whether melatonin affects the AMPK signaling pathway in SF-induced metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesize that SF induces metabolic impairment and inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as altered intracellular homeostasis. We further hypothesize that these conditions could be improved by melatonin treatment. We conducted an experiment using adult male C57BL/6 mice, which were divided into three groups: control, SF, and SF with melatonin treatment (SF+Mel). The SF mice were housed in SF chambers, while the SF+Mel mice received daily oral melatonin. After 12 weeks, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, adipose tissue inflammation, and AMPK assessments were performed. The SF mice showed increased weight gain, impaired glucose regulation, inflammation, and decreased AMPK in WAT compared to the controls. Melatonin significantly improved these outcomes by mitigating SF-induced metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and AMPK downregulation in adipose tissue. The therapeutic efficacy of melatonin against cardiometabolic impairments in SF may be due to its ability to restore adipose tissue homeostatic pathways.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines: Analysis of the Pre-Marketing Clinical Trial for Immunogenicity in the Population over 50 Years of Age
Authors: Papazisis Georgios , Topalidou Xanthippi , Gioula Georgia , González Pablo A. , Bueno Susan M , Kalergis Alexis M
Published: February 2024

Immunosenescence refers to age-related alterations of the immune system function affecting both the humoral and cellular arm of immunity. Understanding immunosenescence and its impact on vaccination of older adults is essential since primary vaccine responses in older individuals can fail to generate complete protection, especially vaccines targeting infections with increased incidence among the elderly, such as the respiratory syncytial virus. Here, we review the clinical trials of both candidate and approved vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which include adults aged ≥50 years, with an emphasis on the evaluation of immunogenicity parameters. Currently, there are 10 vaccine candidates and 2 vaccines approved for the prevention of RSV in the older adult population. The number of registered clinical trials for this age group amounts to 32. Our preliminary evaluation of published results and interim analyses of the RSV vaccine clinical trials indicates efficacy in older adult participants, demonstrating immunity levels that closely resemble those of younger adult participants.
Impact Assessment of Photovoltaic Panels with Life Cycle Analysis Techniques
Authors: Skarkos Nikolaos , Menti Anthoula , Kalkanis Konstantinos , Chronis Ioannis , Psomopoulos Constantinos S.
Published: February 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are developing rapidly as a result of their ability to reduce energy consumption from conventional sources as well as the growth of global energy expenditures. Nevertheless, several impact categories during the PV panel life cycle occur and some principal sectors are affected. These impact categories are assessed by applying life cycle analysis (LCA) techniques through various software programs, databases and methods. Such analyses of energy technologies are crucial, as they can reveal the occurrence of hazardous emissions at distinct life cycle stages. In the present paper, a PV panel impact assessment through life cycle analysis is carried out. More precisely, a combination of PV technologies—monocrystalline, multicrystalline, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), amorphous, and ribbon—is studied. The impact categories of ozone depletion, human toxicity, particulate matter, ionising radiation, photochemical ozone formation, acidification, eutrophication, and ecotoxicity, as well as the sectors of human health, ecosystem quality, and environment, are assessed using the openLCA software, the ecoinvent database, the eco-indicator 99, IMPACT 2002+, ReCiPe, and TRACI methods.
Smart City Scenario Editor for General What-if Analysis
Authors: Adreani Lorenzo , Bellini Pierfrancesco , Bilotta Stefano , Bologna Daniele , Collini Enrico , Fanfani Marco , Nesi Paolo
Published: February 2024

Nowadays cities, due to the increasing urbanization, are facing challenges spanning on multiple domains as mobility, energy, environment, etc. Big data gathered from legacy systems, from geographic information systems, operators, and Internet of Things technologies can be exploited to provide insights to assess the current status of a city, the possibility to perform what-if analysis to observe the impact of possible changes. The few available solutions for formal scenario definition and analysis are limited to single domain analysis and provide proprietary formats and tools. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel scenario model and editor integrated into the open-source Snap4City.org platform to define general processing and what-if scenarios in order to carry out analysis on different domains. The proposed solution responds to a series of identified requirements and implements NGSIv2 compliant data models and formal description of the urban context. As a case of study, a traffic congestion analysis is provided, confirming the validity and usefulness of the proposed solution.
Constructing an Efficient Health Assessment Model for Drainage Network to Evaluate the Drainage Network in Zone A of Zhenjiang City
Authors: Li He , Wang Yizhuo , Luo Yujie , Jiang Chang , Yang Ziheng
Published: February 2024

Aiming at the problem of low pollutant concentration in the sewage treatment plant due to external water intrusion into the sewage collection system, which in turn leads to low pollutant reduction efficiency. A sewage system in Zhenjiang City is taken as an example. Analyze the situation of external water intrusion in the sewage pipe network, and determine the external water intrusion proportion based on the water quality and quantity method. First, the dry season flow rate of the sewage pipe is obtained according to the monitoring data of the flowmeter. Then, the key research areas are screened out based on the changes in the concentration of water quality characteristic factors. Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand and electrical conductivity are used as the water quality characteristic indicators to characterize shallow groundwater and river water. In addition, the proportions of groundwater and river water intrusion in the sewage pipe network are quantitatively analyzed based on the chemical mass balance equation. At the same time, the dredging detection method is used to assist in the investigation, and finally the engineering rectification of the problems found in the drainage is carried out. The results show that the water quality and quantity method can effectively identify the types of external water and analyze the proportion of external water intrusion, which is of exemplary significance for the evaluation of sewage collection systems.
Use of a Custom-Made Patellar Groove Replacement in an American Staffordshire Terrier Puppy with a Severe Bone Defect in the Femoral Trochlea Caused by Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Authors: Panichi Enrico , Sassaroli Sara , Ciccarese Giorgio Maria , Riccio Valentina , Balestriere Caterina , Barbaccia Marco , Cappellari Fulvio , Burkhan Ekaterina , Piccionello Angela Palumbo
Published: February 2024

An 8-months old male American Staffordshire terrier was referred for a no weightbearing lameness of the right pelvic limb, hyperthermia, lethargy and inappetence caused by hematogenous osteomyelitis. Orthopedic, radiographic and tomographic examinations revealed a bone sequestrum of 4 x 1.4 cm and active periosteal reaction of the caudo-lateral cortical in the metaphysis and the distal third of the right femoral diaphysis, medullary osteolysis and interruption of the cranio-medial cortical profile, with involvement of the femoral trochlea leading to a secondary medial patella luxation. Once skeletally mature, after 4 months from surgical debridement and aggressive antibiotic therapy against Klebsiella oxytoca revealed by bacteriological exam, the patient underwent prosthetic surgery for the application of a custom-made patellar groove replacement (PGR) to fill the bone defect and restore the femoral trochlea surface. Despite the serious injury that afflicted the right pelvic limb, the surgery had satisfactory outcomes until the last 18-months postoperative follow up.
Unmasking the Mechanism behind Miltefosine: Revealing the Disruption of Intracellular Ca2+ Homeostasis as a Rational Therapeutic Target in Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease
Authors: Benaim Gustavo , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto
Published: February 2024

Originally developed as a chemotherapeutic agent, miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is an inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis with proven antiparasitic effects. It is the only oral drug approved for the treatment of Leishmaniasis and American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease). Although its precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood, miltefosine exhibits broad-spectrum anti-parasitic effects primarily by disrupting the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis of the parasites while sparing the human hosts. In addition to its inhibitory effects on phosphatidylcholine synthesis and cytochrome c oxidase, miltefosine has been found to affect the unique giant mitochondria and the acidocalcisomes of parasites. Both of these crucial organelles are involved in Ca2+ regulation. Furthermore, miltefosine has the ability to activate a specific parasite Ca2+ channel that responds to sphingosine, that is different to its L-type VGCC human ortholog. Here, we aimed to provide an overview of recent advancements of the anti-parasitic mechanisms of miltefosine. We also explored its multiple molecular targets and investigated how its pleiotropic effects translate into a rational therapeutic approach for patients afflicted by Leishmaniasis and American Trypanosomiasis. Notably, miltefosine's therapeutic effect extends beyond its impact on the parasite to also affect positively the host's immune system. These findings enhance our understanding on its multi targeted mechanism of action. Overall, this review sheds light on the intricate molecular actions of miltefosine highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic option against these debilitating parasitic diseases.
Nature-Human Conflict Dialectics for Sustainable Water Security
Authors: Ganoulis Jacques
Published: February 2024

The water resources policy under climate change impacts water security, which should ensure enough water of good quality for humans and nature. Integrated water management is the state-of-the-art policy support model that, after 20 years in use, failed to achieve in many countries its primary goal of water bodies' good ecological status. Here, we show that this is due to the substantial externalities the anthropocentric character of the model generates. From the historical analysis, three main results are obtained: 1) the nature-human interplay is always composed of the coexistence of two opposite behaviors of conflict and cooperation; 2) this contradiction is a dialectical, general ontological attribute; 3) on the balance of power between nature and humans, three clusters are identified: i) naturalistic; ii) dualistic; iii) anthropocentric. A novel behaviorist dialectical conflict resolution model can resolve the differences between stakeholders and natural laws. The harmonic symbiosis of humans with nature removes environmental externalities and can lead to sustainable water security. Three case studies from the literature illustrate the merits of the new dialectical model.
Liposomal Rifabutin – A Promising Antibiotic Repurposing Strategy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Authors: Pinho Jacinta O. , Ferreira Magda , Coelho Mariana , Pinto Sandra N. , Aguiar Sandra I. , Gaspar And Maria Manuela
Published: February 2024

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, in particular biofilm-organized bacteria, remain a clinical challenge and a serious health problem. Rifabutin (RFB), an antibiotic of the rifamycins class, has shown in previous work excellent anti-staphylococcal activity. Here, we proposed to load RFB in liposomes aiming to promote the accumulation of RFB at infected sites and consequently enhancing the therapeutic potency. Two clinical isolates of MRSA, MRSA-C1 and MRSA-C2, were used to test the developed formulations, as well as the positive control, vancomycin (VCM). RFB in free and liposomal forms displayed high antibacterial activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.009-0.013 μg/mL and MBIC50 values ranging from 0.008-0.012 μg/mL, in planktonic and biofilm bacteria, respectively. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated the rapid internalization of unloaded and RFB-loaded liposomes in the bacterial biofilm matrix. In murine models of systemic MRSA-C1 infection, Balb/c mice were treated with RFB formulations and VCM at 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Obtained data proved the superior therapeutic effectiveness of RFB formulations compared to Control and VCM groups even using a two-fold lower therapeutic dose as demonstrated by significantly reduced bacterial burden and growth index values in major organs. In addition, RFB formulations were the only formulations associated with 100% survival. Globally, this study emphasizes the potential of RFB nanoformulations as an effective and safe approach against MRSA infections.
XPS and ARXPS for Characterizing Multilayers of Silanes on Gold Surfaces
Authors: Casula Giulio , Fantauzzi Marzia , Elsener Bernhard , Rossi Antonella
Published: February 2024

XPS and ARXPS characterization of surface layers resulting from the functionalization of polymers such as PVC modified with MPTMS and APTES is challenging due to the signals overlap, deriving both from the substrate and the functionalized layers. In this work, a freshly cleaved, ideally flat gold surface was used as carbon-free model substrate functionalized with MPTMS and subsequently grafted with APTES. Avoiding the overlap of signals from carbon atoms present in the substrate, the signals in the C1s, O1s, Si2p, S2p and N1s high-resolution spectra could be assigned to the MPTMS / APTES functionalized layer only and the curve fitting parameters could be determined. Quantitative analysis was in very good agreement with the expected stoichiometry of the functionalized layer, confirming the adopted curve fitting procedure. In addition, it was found that one molecule of APTES grafted two MPTMS via silane groups. ARXPS allowed determining the thickness of the functionalized layers: MPTMS thickness was found to be 0.5 (0.2) nm, MPTMS + APTES thickness 1.0 (0.2) nm in good agreement with Avogadro model calculations. This approach can be considered a powerful tool for characterising functionalized surfaces of more complex systems by XPS.
Effects of Ti3C2Tx MXene Addition to a Co Complex/Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolyte on the Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Ju Hee , Park Dongho , Jung Kyung-Hye , Lee Byung-Chul , Han Yoon Soo
Published: February 2024

Redox mediators comprising I–, Co3+, and Ti3C2Tx MXene were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In the as-prepared DSCs (I-DSCs), wherein hole conduction occurred via the redox reaction of I−/I3− ions, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was not altered by the addition of Ti3C2Tx MXene. The I-DSCs were exposed to light to produce Co2+/Co3+-based cells (Co-DSCs), wherein the holes were transferred via the redox reaction of Co2+/Co3+ ions. A PCE of 9.01% was achieved in a Co-DSC with Ti3C2Tx MXene (Ti3C2Tx-Co-DSC), which indicated an improvement from the PCE of a bare Co-DSC without Ti3C2Tx MXene (7.27%). It was also found that the presence of Ti3C2Tx MXene in the redox mediator increased the hole collection, dye regeneration, and electron injection efficiencies of the Ti3C2Tx-Co-DSC, leading to an improvement in both the short-circuit current and the PCE when compared with those of the bare Co-DSC without MXene.
Integrating 21st Century Skills in Curriculum and Material Development Course
Authors: Pujiati Hanip
Published: February 2024

The Curriculum and Material Development (CMD) course content is contextualized in accordance with technological advancements in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the community's need for educators who possess 21st-century skills. This revision involves integrating 21st-century skill values into curriculum development, syllabi, teaching materials, media, methods, and learning evaluation. Therefore, this study focuses on integrating 21st-century skills and 21st-century digital skills, including critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, communication, information literacy, media literacy, technology literacy, flexibility, initiative, social skills, productivity, and leadership, into the CMD course. This study employs the Research and Development method, which involves identifying the problem, describing existing issues, creating a design, validating the design with experts, revising the design of the English learning model, conducting trials, and making revisions. The study's outcomes include three areas of integrating 21st-century skills into the CMD course. The first area involves integrating 21st-century skills into the preliminary activity of designing lesson plans. Secondly, in the process, 21st-century skills should be integrated into the design of learning materials and tasks. Finally, after the activity, 21st-century skills should be integrated into the evaluation and reflection process. The CMD course aims to integrate 21st-century skills throughout the language curriculum. It covers Communicative Syllabus Design, Text-Based Syllabus Design, Product-Oriented Syllabus Design, Process-Oriented Syllabus Design, Content-Based Curriculum, Integrated Curriculum, EFL Curriculum, and EFL Syllabuses and Lesson Plans for Indonesian Students.
Comparing the Biomechanical Stability of Cerclage Cable with Plate Insert Versus Locking Screw in Periprosthetic Humeral Fracture
Authors: Lee Yong-Jun , Lim Joon-Ryul , Choi Jee-Hoon , Yoon Tae-Hwan , Choi Yun-Rak , Chun Yong-Min
Published: February 2024

Background:

In the setting of periprosthetic humeral fractures, the humeral stem of the implant represents a substantial challenge to the optimal method of proximal fixation. This study aimed to compare the initial biomechanical stability provided by cerclage cables with a locking plate insert versus bicortical locking screws (i.e., the gold standard for fixation) in fresh cadaveric humeri.

Methods:

After calculating the sample size, we utilized 10 sets of cadaveric specimens and created a 5-mm osteotomy gap 120 mm distal to the tip of the greater tuberosity, simulating a Wright and Cofield type-B periprosthetic humeral fracture on each specimen. Using 3 locking screws for distal fragment fixation, identical in all specimens, the specimens were assigned to Group A (3 cerclage cables with a plate insert) or Group B (3 locking bicortical screws) for proximal fragment fixation. Biomechanical tests included stiffness in varus and valgus bending, torsion, and axial compression, and a single load to failure.

Results:

No significant differences were observed in the biomechanical metrics between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

Our study revealed that fixation with use of cerclage cables with a plate insert demonstrated biomechanical stability comparable with that of bicortical locking screw fixation when addressing the proximal fragment in Wright and Cofield type-B periprosthetic humeral fractures.

Clinical Relevance:

For proximal fragment fixation of periprosthetic humeral fractures, cerclage cables with a plate insert can be utilized as an effective fixation method that offers initial fixation strength that is comparable to the use of 3 locking bicortical screws.
Forecasting Raw Material Demand for Battery Breaker Production Process
Authors: Anshori Muhammad Hizam , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi
Published: February 2024

This study aims to identify the most effective forecasting method for predicting raw material demand in the tin smelting industry, addressing the challenge of uncertainty in material arrival and inaccurate demand forecasting. Three methods, namely moving averages with n = 3 and n = 5, and exponential smoothing, were evaluated using historical data. Results indicate that exponential smoothing with α = 0.2 outperformed the other methods, yielding the smallest error rate with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 23%, Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 411, and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 293303. The implication of these findings underscores the importance of employing appropriate forecasting techniques to optimize inventory management and mitigate shortages in critical industries reliant on volatile raw material supplies.
Highlights :

Accurate demand forecasting is crucial for companies engaged in smelting to prevent shortages and inventory increases.
Three methods were used to determine the most appropriate forecasting method for raw material demand based on historical data: moving average with n = 3 and n = 5, and exponential smoothing with α = 0.2.
The Exponential Smoothing Method with α = 0.2 had the smallest error rate, with a MAPE value of 23%, MAD of 411, and MSE of 293303, and can be used to optimize demand forecasting for the next period.

Keywords: demand forecasting, smelting, raw materials, historical data, moving average, exponential smoothing.
Anestésicos tópicos más utilizados en Odontopediatría: revisión de literatura
Authors:   , Valdiviezo Dioses Geraldine Alexia
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El abordaje del dolor durante una cita odontológica es un desafío al que se enfrentan constantemente los odontopediatras, especialmente durante procedimientos que requieren de colocación de anestesia dental local. La aplicación de anestesia tópica sobre mucosa oral puede disminuir la percepción del dolor, mejorando la relación entre el niño y el profesional. Objetivos: El objetivo principal fue evaluar cuál de los anestésicos tópicos es el más utilizado en odontopediatría según revisión de literatura. Los objetivos específicos fueron describir las presentaciones más empleadas de la lidocaína, benzocaína y mezclas eutécticas de uso tópico en odontopediatría, describir sus principales usos y efectos adversos. Resultados: Los anestésicos tópicos más utilizados en odontopediatría según revisión de literatura fueron la lidocaína y la benzocaína. Las presentaciones más empleadas fueron en crema, gel, spray y parche. Sus principales usos fueron en traumas orales, antes de la colocación de clamp, en extracciones de piezas deciduas móviles y previamente a la infiltración de anestesia local. No se reportó ningún caso de efectos adversos en esta revisión de literatura.
Diseño y validación de primers para el gen Calmegin (CLGN) en alpacas
Authors:   , Ganoza Reyes Luciana
Published: February 2024

Calmegin es un gen de importancia reproductiva por expresar una proteína que tiene por función ayudar en el plegamiento, ensamblaje y transporte celular de un gran rango de proteínas responsables de la migración normal del espermatozoide desde el útero hasta el oviducto, por la afinidad a uniones de iones de calcio, y la adhesión espermática al ovocito. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar y validar primers para el gen Calmegin en alpacas. Los primers se diseñaron utilizando el programa bioinformático Primer3 y para el análisis de subproductos se empleó el programa Oligoanalizer Tool. Se diseñaron dos pares de primers, CG1 (397 pb) y CG2 (321 pb). Para la validación de los primers diseñados, se extrajo ADN de 20 muestras de tejido testicular de alpaca obtenidos del Camal Municipal de Huancavelica, estas muestras se amplificaron mediante la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) convencional y los productos fueron visualizados mediante electroforesis horizontal con gel agarosa al 1.2%, en el Laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva y Celular de UCSUR. Las bandas observadas coinciden con el tamaño de amplicón propuesto por el programa Primer3. Se concluyó que, es posible diseñar primers in silico para el gen de Calmegin en alpaca y validarlos mediante la técnica de PCR.
Nota técnica de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2023: resultados del trabajo de campo
Authors: Romero-Martínez Martín , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , Gaona-Pineda Elsa Berenice , Shamah-Levy Teresa
Published: February 2024

Objetivo. Presentar los resultados finales del trabajo de campo y la adecuación al tamaño de muestra de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2023 (Ensanut Continua 2023). Material y métodos. Se describe la reducción en el tamaño de muestra junto con el alcance de las inferencias de la Ensanut Continua 2023. Resultados. La Ensanut Continua 2023 obtuvo 5 965 entrevistas completas de hogar y 6 772 cuestionarios completos de adulto. Conclusiones. La Ensanut Continua 2020-2023 permitirá obtener estimaciones nacionales y según tamaño de localidad.
Quantum mechanics fails to explain double-slit photon interference.
Authors: Rajkowski Janusz W.
Published: February 2024

In a modified double-slit experiment, a laser beam is split evenly by a wall that separates the two half-beams around the slits. This setup continues to generate a standard double-slit pattern of interference. The experiment is ruling out the feasibility of interference through quantum superposition.
Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible and Maxilla; A Clinicopathological Study of 21 cases
Authors: Lazim Ahmed F , Sakshi Fnu , Mallikarjuna Vinay Sakaleshpura , Zenezan Dina , Amer Samir , Kuklani Riya , Proca Daniela
Published: February 2024

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) presents as an intraosseous, locally invasive, and infrequent non-neoplastic lesion characterized histologically by multinucleated giant cells amid hemorrhage and reactive fibrous tissue. Despite first being described in 1953, its exact etiology remains elusive, though intraosseous hemorrhages or trauma are considered potential triggers. This retrospective study examines 21 cases of CGCG diagnosed at Temple University Hospital from 2015 to 2022. Predominantly affecting children and young adults with a slight female preponderance, CGCG commonly manifests as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion in the mandible. Clinical presentation varies, with some cases being asymptomatic while others present with pain or fullness in the affected dental region. Differential diagnosis may include conditions like ameloblastoma or brown tumor, necessitating histological evaluation for confirmation. Our findings underscore CGCG's non-neoplastic nature, its propensity for mandibular involvement, and the importance of distinguishing it from neoplastic conditions for appropriate management.
Beyond the Border: Exploring the Complex Dynamics of Water Tensions between India and China and their Impact on People
Authors: Manhas Neeraj Singh , G Hari Yadav
Published: February 2024

The Himalayan waters are a significant resource for both India and China, whose economic and population growth is putting a strain on their water resources. A number of rivers originate in the Himalayas, with the Brahmaputra being one of the most important water resources crossing the two countries' disputed boundary. This would eventually have an impact on the population that is solely reliant on this water source. Given that the two countries involved are the world's most populous and second most populous, the water wars debate may be closely tied to per capita availability. If the population rises, but water supplies stay constant, water availability will surely decline, negatively impacting people's living conditions. This paper will examine the research through a content analysis of interviews conducted with experts from both India and China, as well as reports from primary and secondary sources, and evaluate how water tensions are impacting people’s livelihoods. Lastly, it will make recommendations for stronger cooperation between the two countries.
Climate Change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump
Authors: Oziel Laurent , Gürses Özgur , Torres-Valdes Sinhue , Hoppe Clara , Rost Björn , karakus Onur , Danek Christopher , Juhls Bennet , Voelker Christoph , Koldunov Nikolay , Wang Qiang , Iversen Morten , Koch Boris , Nissen Cara , Hauck Judith
Published: February 2024

The Arctic experiences climate changes that are among the fastest in the world and affect all Earth system components. Despite expected increase in terrigenous inputs to the Arctic Ocean, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles are currently largely neglected in IPCC-like models. We used a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean biogeochemistry model, that includes carbon and nutrient inputs from rivers and coastal erosion, to produce twenty-first-century pan-Arctic projections. Surprisingly, even with an anticipated rise in primary production across a wide range of emission scenarios, our findings indicate that climate change leads to a counterintuitive 40% reduction in the efficiency of the Arctic's biological carbon pump by 2100, to which terrigenous inputs contribute 10%. Terrigenous inputs will also drive intense coastal CO2 outgassing, reducing the Arctic Ocean's carbon sink by at least 10% (33 TgC yr-1). These unexpected positive feedbacks, mostly due to accelerated remineralization rates, lower the Arctic Ocean’s capacity for sequestering carbon.
Evaluating the Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Relation to the Land Surface Temperature of Hyderabad City
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Verma Pratyush , Yadav Bhawna , Mukherjee Saumitra
Published: February 2024

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter for assessing the thermal comfort of urban residents. This study investigates the impact of land use/land cover changes on the variations in land surface temperature from 1989 to 2019 at 10-year intervals in Hyderabad city, Telangana. The mono window and split window algorithms were employed to derive LST, while the contribution index was utilized to analyze changes in the contribution of land use/land cover (LULC) to LST. The built-up area has witnessed a notable increase from 35.81–56.49%, accompanied by corresponding decreases in barren land (42.73–33.42%), vegetation (19.39–8.20%), and water bodies (2.07% to 8.20). The study further indicates that barren land significantly contributes to LST, with a decreasing trend observed from 1989 to 2019. The mitigating effects of water bodies (-0.14 to -0.1) and vegetation (-0.42 to -0.06) on LST have diminished over the same period. Additionally, a decline in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for vegetation and Normalized Difference water Index (NDWI) for water bodies reflects increased stress and pollution in their respective LULC areas. Furthermore, the decrease in the Normalized Difference Barren Land Index (NDBaI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) depicts urban expansion and the transformation of primary barren land to cultivation. This research enhances our understanding of how shifting landscapes influence a material's surface energy budget. Analyzing the interplay between land cover and incoming radiation throughout the day provides insights into the effects of climate change.
Effectiveness of a virtual reality-based restorative environment on psychiatric disorders for intensive care patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Juan , Xu Nan , Chen Fang , Zhang Fang , Li Sijing , Dong Junlan , Jiang Zhixia
Published: February 2024

Background
Patients suffering from psychiatric disorders can manifest as symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after intensive care unit (ICU) stay has received considerable attention worldwide. The combination of restorative environments and virtual reality (VR) might be a very effective tool to briefly escape the ICU for early intervention. Based on the Stress Recovery Theory (SRT) and Attention Recovery Theory (ART), this study protocol aims to evaluate the effect of “virtual reality-based restorative environment” provided by nurses.
Methods
This is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 72 critically ill awake ICU patients will be enrolled and participants will be randomized per patient in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. Patients in the control group will be treated as usual. Participants allocated to the intervention group will receive a 360-degree immersive VR restorative environment played in a head-mounted display with noise-cancelling headphones. The primary outcome measures will include the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Secondary outcomes are Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and Patient Satisfaction Level. Data will be collected at 5-time points: baseline (T0), ICU discharge (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) after ICU discharge.
Discussion
Psychiatric disorders are common in the ICU setting, but validated prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. The results of this study will provide insight into whether a restorative virtual reality environment is a modality that can be used in the ICU to improve psychological well-being and quality of life and to evaluate patient satisfaction.
Trial registration
This study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on March 1,2023; registration number: ChiCTR2300068874.
Implementing Virtual Indirect Data-Driven Learning and Virtual Traditional Deductive Approach to Teach Cohesive Devices: The Case of Persian High School Students Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Moradi Bita , Pasquarella Adrian
Published: February 2024

Purpose. This study evaluated the effect of indirect Data-Driven Learning (DDL) and Traditional Deductive Approach (TDA) on the knowledge of cohesive devices in a virtual classroom.
Design/Methodology/Approach. Thirty-one English as a foreign language learners (EFL) (mean age = 16.25) were randomly assigned to DDL or TDA conditions. The DDL (treatment) group (N = 16) was required to study materials derived from authentic corpora, prepared by their instructor. The TDA (control) group (N = 15) was taught using a formulaic and mechanical structure. Participants took a pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test of cohesive devices. The DDL participants also completed a semi-structured interview.
Findings. The results revealed that although both groups enhanced the knowledge of cohesive devices, indirect DDL yielded more learning gains at post-test. However, the DDL group showed equal learning retention compared to the TDA group at follow-up. Finally, an interview with the indirect DDL participants demonstrated that most of them held positive attitudes toward applying indirect DDL to virtual classrooms.
Originality/Value. The study concludes with DDL educational implications and the importance of implementing DDL for young EFL students with intermediate English proficiency using virtual tools. We provide some limitations of the current study and offer suggestions for future research on DDL.
Health Status of Female Carpet Weavers in Home-based workshops; Mashgin-Shahr Villages
Authors: Nazari Jalil
Published: February 2024

Background: Carpet weavers are susceptible to various health problems due to their workplace and working conditions. The present study was conducted to assess the morbidity profile of female carpet weavers.
Methodology: This present descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in rural carpet weaving workshops in the city of Mashgin-Shahr, Iran. The study population consisted of female workers with a minimum of one-year work experience in carpet weaving workshops. A questionnaire comprising personal details, a body map questionnaire, and the disease history section of the NIOSH questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The obtained data were entered into SPSS-24 software and analyzed statistically using t-test, ANOVA, and the Chi-square test. A p-value of 0.05 was considered the level of significance.
Results: The mean age of carpet weavers was 31.7±7.9 years, and their average working experience was 12.8±7.9 years. They worked in sitting posture for an average of 7.6 hours per day. 55% of weavers had a history of a specific disease, and 83.3% of them did not take any medication. Musculoskeletal problems were the most common issues among 201 (83.5%) study participants. Other common diseases included hand skin problems (35.8%), Joint pain (24.6%), vision problems (17.1%), headache (16.2%), anemia (10%), and emotional problems (6.7%).
Conclusion: The present study found that 55% of carpet weavers had a history of a specific disease. Understanding these disorders is crucial for developing strategies to improve the health these weavers. The findings can also guide public health practitioners and educators in identifying at risk individuals and designing targeted health strategies.
Innovative digital health solutions: Use and acceptance among patients and professionals, and the influence of the regulatory framework - a survey-based distinction.
Authors: Pfoerringer Dominik , Hinterwimmer Florian , Vogt Ferdinand , Edenharter Günther , Braun Karl , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , DGOU AG Digitalisierung der DGOU , Biberthaler Peter , Seidl Fritz
Published: February 2024

Background:Digital solutions are gaining increasing importance and present a challenge regarding the introduction and acceptance into professional medical environments. The latter aspect is largely caused by regulatory and legislative burdens hindering the adoption of new technologies. Although significant advances have been made regarding availability, safety, and ease of use of data generated by a multitude of devices and wearables, data security and data protection are delaying factors. The underlying analysis focuses on the use, acceptance of digital solutions and their respective differences between healthcare professionals and patients.Objective:This study examines the current use and acceptance of digital solutions among healthcare professionals and patients within the regulatory framework in Germany. In addition, it derives an outlook to future developments and expectations in the setting of highly regulated technologies able to penetrate the health market.Methods:An anonymous online survey of 23 multiple-choice and 3 open-text questions was conducted among medical professionals and patients between April and September 2023. In this study, quantitative analysis was performed using Python, with Pandas for data processing and Matplotlib for visualization. Chi-square tests were used to analyze binary categorical data, while Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate ordinal data. Additionally, a qualitative analysis was conducted to summarize the results of the open-ended questions.Results:During 178 days, the survey garnered 2,058 clicks, resulting in 1,389 participants (67.5% response rate). A total of 1,002 participants completed the entire questionnaire, while 387 (27.9%) did not finish. Incomplete responses were excluded from the comprehensive analysis. The sample comprised 271 physicians (27%) and 731 patients (73%). The study found significant agreement between both groups in adopting and foreseeing the use of digital health tools and telemedicine. Both groups recognized the future importance of digital health without substantial differences.Conclusions:Overall, attitudes towards digital health and telemedicine were consistent, reflecting a uniform acceptance and expectation of these technologies among healthcare professionals and patients. The consensus on telemedicine's future role over the next five years indicates a unified vision for digital health paradigms.
Synthesis, characterization and activity evaluation of (Cu2O or Ag2O)-N-TiO2 photocatalysts for E. coli inhibition and trichloroethylene degradation
Authors: Pessanha Quézia Souza de Jesus , Merlo-Camuñas Laura , Orjuela Camila Fernanda Waltero , Domingos Marcelo , Sánchez Benigo , Canela Maria Cristina
Published: February 2024

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been increasingly scrutinized in order to remove air pollutants. TiO2 is the most widely employed semiconductor, although it absorbs radiation only within the UVA range, limiting visible light radiation use. Therefore, some strategies, such as doping and sensitization, have been adopted. This project aimed to develop TiO2-based photocatalysts using visible-UVA radiation as a future alternative for air decontamination. The synthesized photocatalysts were N-TiO2, Cu2O/N-TiO2 and Ag-N-TiO2, impregnated on a glass surface via the sol-gel dip-coating method. The materials were characterized through UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. These techniques corroborate the formation of polytriazines as products of urea thermolysis and suggest a synergistic effect between sensitization and doping with N. All photocatalysts exhibited a new band gap with energy associated with visible light. The photocatalytic activity of the materials was verified against trichloroethylene in the gaseous phase and against the bacteria Escherichia coli. The photocatalytic efficiency of the materials was higher using UVA and visible light than pure TiO2, both for TCE and disinfection tests. The disinfection process was accelerated in the presence of photocatalysts containing copper and under visible light, and Ag-N-TiO2 was more efficient than when under UVA light.