bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure of adhesively bonded single lap joints with MWCNT and Fullerene C60 in the adhesive due to tensile loading
Authors: Amit Kumar R , Asokan R , Jhanji Kanu Priya , Nagapavan Battula , Sujith Kumar Reddy P , Venkata Gireesh M
Published: September 2020

To create a better and stronger single lap joint that has the potential of sustaining the damage load to a greater extent, nano particles like multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and Fullerene C60 were dispersed in the adhesive. Though the joints made by adhesive bonding are stronger in themselves but the use of nano particle can further increase the damage load carrying capacity. The current research focuses on developing adhesively bonded single lap joints (ABSLJ’s) by dispersing MWCNT and Fullerene C60 in the adhesive at a weight percentage of 1% and 3% by ultrasonication. Carbon fiber fabric was used as adherend and a two part epoxy system was used as an adhesive. By using the metallic shims, the thickness of adhesive was retained at 0.5 mm and 1 mm. Results reveals that the joints made with the use of MWCNT showed better load bearing capacity compared to that of the joints made with Fullerene C60. It was even revealed that with the rise in the thickness of the adhesive, the joint strength decreased. An increase of 154% in the joint strength was obtained for joint sample with 3 wt % MWCNT and 0.5 mm adhesive thickness compared to non doped joints. As the adhesive thickness was raised to 1 mm, for the same weight percentage the joint strength dipped by 16%. While for Fullerene C60, increase in the joint strength was seen at 1 wt % with 0.5 mm adhesive thickness followed by a 15% dip in strength at 1 mm adhesive thickness.
Modeling and analysis of residual stresses in castings using AlSi12(Fe) and NiCu30(Fe) materials
Authors: Sandeep Manikyam , Sandeep M.
Published: September 2020

Two individual high-pressure die-casting geometries were developed in order to study the influence of process parameters and different alloys on the distortion behavior of castings. These geometries were a stress lattice and a V-shaped sample tending to form residual stress due to different wall thickness respectively by a deliberate massive gating system. In the exploratory castings impact most significant procedure parameters, for example, pass on temperature and bite the dust opening time and cooling system was inspected. The time advancement of procedure temperatures was estimated utilizing warm imaging. The warmth move coefficients were adjusted to watched temperature circulations. Castings were created from the two compounds AlSi12 and AlSi10MnMg. The contortion castings was estimated by methods for material estimating gadget. For compound AlSi10MnMg thermo physical and thermo-mechanical information were gotten utilizing differential filtering calorimetry, laser streak strategy, dilatometry and pliable testing at raised temperatures. These information were utilized for displaying material conduct AlSi10MnMg amalgam in numerical model while for compound AlSi12(Fe) writing information were utilized. Procedure and stress reenactment were led utilizing business FEM programming ANSYS Workbench. A study on aftereffects examination among reenactment and analysis is given for both compounds. In this task we are doing material enhancement to build holding quality for two materials. Here 3D model structured in professional C programming and investigation done on ANSYS programming.
A study on influence of peak current and ultrasonic vibration during powder mixed electrical discharge machining process
Authors: Rajesh J V , Giridharan Abimannan
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the influence of peak current and induced ultrasonic vibration into the dielectric medium during powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) process. Molybdenum-di-sulphide powder of 90nm size is used as conductive particle mixed in hydrocarbon based dielectric medium during EDM process. Peak current is varied at 0.5A, 2A, 9A and 21A; parameters such as pulse duration 10μs, gap voltage 20V and duty factor 2 were maintained constant. Two set of experiments were conducted by varying peak current; one by induced ultrasonic vibration during PMEDM and another without ultrasonic vibration. The effect of peak current and ultrasonic vibration on material removal rate, surface roughness and crater diameter were analysed. Scanning electron microscope images and 2D roughness profile were used to analyse surface integrity. It is observed that the induced ultrasonic vibration improves MRR by 6 times, surface roughness (Ra) of 1.464 µm, small crater diameter and debris free surface is achieved.
Rectification of the improper mating of the rack and valve assembly using Six Sigma methodology at a steering manufacturing & assembly plant.
Authors: Pathan Aftab A. , Vijayaragavan E
Published: September 2020

Precision automobile components and the automobile assembly systems are found to be the building element of any automobile, thus it is evident for the stakeholders to take utmost care and ensure that the most superior quality is delivered to the market. The minus cost principle says that when the quality is assured the time taken for the production is more which results in low volumes and where the volume is concerned the quality is compromised. Thus, focusing on one parameter results in the disturbance of the other. Hence, it should be balanced in such a way that the quality achieved is superior and with high volumes. While concentrating on the two parameters the parameter which is often neglected is the cost and it is found to be one of the most significant parameters for which the stakeholders have to focus upon. The following study illustrates how the quality factor was accounting for the heavy loss in a steering manufacturing company and how was the problem addressed with the most optimized solution thus eliminating the cost of poor quality. During the assembly of the steering system, three major components; the rack gear, the pinion gear and the housing are clustered and allowed to fit perfectly according to the design specification. Thus the method adopted to achieve the results was Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology. The DMAIC is an acronym for the Define Measure Analyze Improve and Control which is widely used in industries to address the problems when the problem is not easily identifiable.
Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys by stir casting process
Authors: Razal Rose A , Harris Samuel R , Makawana Tirth , Makawana Raj , Pal Somnath
Published: September 2020

Magnesium alloys are light metal for weight reduction without compromising its overall strength to weight ratio. Mg Alloys containing Zinc, Manganese and Aluminum were found to be suitable for automobile and aerospace applications and is also cheaper to produce. Aluminum improves cast ability. Stir casting is one of the most economical processes suitable for the production of metal alloys due to its simplicity. Zinc contributes towards improvement of strength at ambient temperatures. Manganese offers corrosion resistance, but has low solubility. Change in composition of an alloy could change its properties, depending on the property imparted by the metal. In this paper, the detailed characterization of magnesium alloys was analyzed and results showed that there is a significant improvement in mechanical and metallurgical properties in novel magnesium alloys.
Experimental Studies of Different thick Steel sheets and variable clearance in MIG Brazing
Authors: Muthuraju K , LakshmanKumar Abburi
Published: September 2020

Current automotive industry trend is developing the new materials and technologies for automobile BIW to enhance the latest stringent requirements like safety, weight and safer body. Main aim is to reduce the weight of body without compromising the targeted quality and safety norms. One of the solutions is different grades of steel sheets and different thickness combination are used combinedly to weld depend on the function of the designed structural component. Reduction of weight is searched most in the recent high strength steels. Target is to reduce dead load and reduce the cost. In this scenario roof outer and inner panel which is having closed ring type assembly. For ring panel assembly different thickness materials and variable clearance joinery is welded by MIG brazing tags. As per benchmark study the strongest joint 930.8 Mpa is achieved when the joint clearance is .038mm. When the clearance is narrower than it’s harder for the filler metal to distribute itself adequately throughout the joint and joint strength is weakened. Conversely, if the gap is wider than necessary, the strength of the joint will be reduced almost to that of the filler metal itself. But in ordinary day-to-day brazing, need not this much precise to get a sufficiently strong joint. In this study analyzing the tensile shearing strength of the joinery with respect to the thickness and variable clearance. Also, parameters contributing to the strength variation. MIG brazing welding processes is using CMT machine and CuSi3 of brazing wire.
Product Design & development of High-Pressure moulding machine and analysis of various mould properties
Authors: Lavakumar M , Arokya Agustin S
Published: September 2020

Although there are many advanced technologies for metal casting, green sand casting is one of the most commonly used casting processes today due to its low cost of raw materials, and ability to produce a variety of castings both in size and composition, and the ability to recycle the moulding sand. The green sand-casting process is one of the most versatile processes in manufacturing because it is used for most metals and alloys even with high melting temperatures such as iron, copper, and nickel. Understanding the conventional and modern green sand moulding method can help redesign for manufacturability and utilize processes for modernization of foundry; that meet specific requirements. The flexibility of moulding is demonstrated by the number of moulding processes currently available. This wide range of choices offers design engineers and component users’ enormous flexibility in their metal forming needs. Each process offers distinct advantages and benefits when matched with the proper product application. This project is to design a high-pressure moulding machine and study, compare mould properties achieved by different moulding methods, that help improve product quality.
Effect of heat input on TIG welding of hastelloy C-276
Authors: Mahidhar Vasareddy , Sampreet K R , Vinay Chiguluri Shai , Maheswaran C B , Deepan Bharathi Kannan T
Published: September 2020

In this work, an attempt is made to study the effect of heat input on mechanical and metallurgical properties of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded Hastelloy C-276 sheets. Hastelloy C-276 sheets of thickness 1.6mm were used throughout this study. Three butt joints were made by varying the values of welding current in the steps of 1 Ampere. The weld quality was assessed by measuring bead geometry, tensile strength and microhardness. From the experimental results, it was found that the hardness proportionally varied with the change in welding current whereas tensile strength first increased and then decreased with increase in welding current. The weld property variation is discussed with the aid of microstructures taken from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD).
A Detailed Review on Electric Vehicles Battery Thermal Management System
Authors: Katoch Sourav Singh , Eswaramoorthy M
Published: September 2020

Conventional fuels operated an internal combustion engines are the major sources of carbon emissions and it causes environmental degradation. Electric Vehicles (EVs) offers best efficient and cost effective solution for the above said issue, if the battery charging done by renewable energy conversion base routes when compared to conventional based route. EVs are using lithium-ion batteries for energy storage and it have many challenges like low efficiency at low and high temperatures, decline of electrode’s life at high temperature and safety concerns related to thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries are the directly impact on performance, reliability, cost and safety of the vehicle. Overheating caused by electron’s movements during chemical reactions during the charging and discharging process in elevated temperatures can lead to fatal destruction of the batteries. Hence an efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is one of the most necessary technologies for success of the electric vehicles in the long term. Hence, in this review paper, various types of battery thermal management system along with opportunities for advancement are reviewed. It is concluded that there is a lot of scope for future research in the BTMS for electric vehicles.
Effect of Nozzle Hole Number on Diesel Engine Using Diesel and Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Sabareesh Kumaran S , Raghu P
Published: September 2020

In this work the experiment was carried out to investigate the performance, combustion and emissions by changing the number of nozzle holes of the injector such as 3 hole, 4 hole and 5 hole by maintaining the hole diameter as 0.25mm. The experiments are executed on Kirloskar 4-stroke computerized single cylinder air cooled and electrical dynamometer coupled DI diesel engine with diesel, Rubber seed methyl ester and B20 Blend as fuels at 1500 rpm, with the injection timing of 23.4°BTDC with an injection pressure of 240 bar maintained constant throughout the experiment. It is found that 4 hole nozzle gives higher brake thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption, CO, HC, for Diesel, Biodiesel and B20 Blend compared with other two nozzle holes. However the NOX got increased which is more for all the tested fuels by varying a number of nozzle hole diameter.
Experimental investigation of effect of CI-engine fuelled with camphor-oil diesel blend with additive of DTE (Diethyl-Ether)
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Shukla Harshit , Sathish Kumar A , Manikandaraja G , Malarmannan S
Published: September 2020

A Test Rig consisting of Combustion Ignition engine fuelled with camphor oil blended in the ratio B50 with 5% and 10% DTE (Diethyl ether) is guided for varying loads in the range of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The result illustrates that increase in concentration camphor oil increases the Brake thermal efficiency with lower values of Brake specific fuel consumption. Also better emissions were recorded with notable decrease in parameters such as CO, HC and increase in the CO2. The introduction of DTE in the blended fuel has been tested and obtained comparable results to that of addition of pure camphor oil in varying proportions, with increases in brake thermal efficiency and limiting in specific fuel consumption values, the effect on the emission characteristics by addition of DTE results in a lower CO, HC, NOX and Smoke with an increase in the CO2. The effective mixing of camphor oil and DTE yield satisfactory result on the performance characteristics at lower load as well as in higher loads.
Solidification characteristics of phase change material in a rectangular finned spherical capsule
Authors: Premnath D , Chandrasekaran P , Ganapathy Subramanian L R
Published: September 2020

This work investigates the solidification characteristics of deionized water in a stainless steel spherical capsule fitted with rectangular fins immersed in a constant temperature bath. Experiments are carried at three different bath temperatures (-6,-9, and -12°C). Four rectangular fins of size 20.6mm length, width 10.6 mm, and 1mm thick made of copper are fixed on the inner surface of the spherical capsule. Results indicated that fin had a significant reduction in total solidification time. A reduction of 13% in total solidification duration is achieved at -9 and -12°C. However a decrease of 87-90 % in freezing duration is observed while considering 50% of PCM mass at bath temperatures of -6°C,-9°C, and -12°C. It is concluded that fins can be employed in CTES systems at lower bath temperatures to achieve expected energy savings of 9-12% under the partial charging method.
Investigation of Cu-ZSM5 catalyst for the Emission Reduction in ethanol-gasoline blends using iso-butanol as an additive in SI engine
Authors: Elavarasan G. , Karthikeyan D. , Rajasekeran T.
Published: September 2020

In this experimental work, the Gasoline engine was used to find out the effects of Cu-ZSM5 zeolite coated catalytic convertor on the emission characteristics of iso-butanol additive in ethanol-gasoline blends. The engine was tested under three speeds namely 2000rpm, 3000rpm, and 4000rpm. The volumetric proportion of the fuel samples taken for testing were gasoline (pure gasoline), E10 (90% gasoline, 10%ethanol), IB5 (95% E10, 5% Iso-butanol) and IB10 (90% E10, 10% Iso-butanol). The physiochemical properties of the fuels like heating value, kinematic viscosity, and density were analyzed for these samples as these values influence the emission formation characteristics. The heating value of the samples was decreased with the gasoline concentration in the fuel samples. E10, IB5, and IB10 produced the heating values of 2.34%, 3.13% and 5.05% respectively less than that of the gasoline. However the fuel properties like density, kinematic viscosity tens to increase with the alcohol concentration in the samples. From the performance results, the Brake specific fuel consumption decreased for E10, IB5 and IB10 of about 3.57%, 5.14%, and 7.13% respectively when compared to gasoline. Brake thermal efficiency of the fuel increased to a noticeable level with the addition of the alcohol in gasoline. Initially, the engine was tested by fitting the commercially purchased catalytic converter in the exhaust system and the emissions values were measured with the help of AVL 444 gas analyzer. Then the engine was fitted with the Cu-ZSM5 coated in-house fabricated catalytic convertor and the emission values were measured. At 3000rpm, it has been found that the zeolite coated catalytic convertor reduces HC, CO and NOX emissions by 33%, 9% and 8.3% more than that of the commercial catalytic convertor.
Efficiency improvement in thermal power plants using waste heat recovery of flue gas – simulation study.
Authors: Nemade Aniket Chandrakant , Ponsankar S
Published: September 2020

In this paper an Organic Rankine cycle is used as waste heat recovery cycle for a 250 x 2 MW thermal power plant. The exhaust flue gas (80 to 130°C) in the thermal power plant is often released into the atmosphere as waste heat. This waste heat can be utilized as a form of heat source for the Organic Rankine Cycle. The treated flue gas form the Flue Gas Desulphurization plant will be fed to the heat exchanger where the heat transfer between the flue gas and the working fluid (e.g.: Ammonia, R245A) will take place. The working fluid will be fed to the (low pressure) turbine where the work done can obtained. After the expansion of the working fluid in the turbine, the working fluid is cooled in the condenser using water. Then this fluid is again sent to the heat exchanger using pump. The flue gas from the heat exchanger after the heat transfer will be then supplied to the stack. The cooling of the condenser water can be done using a cooling tower. As the load varies for the thermal power plant the temperature of the flue gas also changes and hence the turbine shaft output also changes this may result in tripping of the generator. In order to avoid this, a turbine governing system is designed with a step-up gear box and a torque converter. This governing system will keep the generating shaft in motion at constant speed even during low loads and high loads. This cycle will help the thermal power plants to obtain extra power output and will increase the efficiency of the plants.
Heat and mass transfer studies in a finned tube heat exchanger employed with evaporative cooling technique
Authors: Suresh M. , Viveknath S. , Karthikayan B. , Krishnan V. , Sowmya K.
Published: September 2020

Fin and tube heat exchangers are air cooled, cross flow heat exchangers, which have shown broad prospects in places where there is lack of water resources. Research is focused on improving the heat rejection capacity of these exchangers and various enhancement techniques have been studied. Evaporative cooling is one of the techniques employed to improve the performance. Air cooled heat exchangers with evaporative cooling techniques perform better compared to conventional fin and tube heat exchangers. In the present work, a numerical simulation has been developed to investigate heat transfer enhancement in a fin and tube heat exchanger incorporated with evaporative cooling technique. An experimental setup has been built to test the modified heat exchanger and to validate the numerical results. Results indicate 40 to 60% increase in heat duty and effectiveness of enhanced heat exchanger, for cooling water flow rates in the range of 150 to 450 LPH and air flow rate of 300 CFM. Experimental values of heat transfer rate and outlet temperatures of hot water and air are compared with those of numerical simulation and the agreement is generally good.
Experimental investigation of light weight cementitious material for thermal insulation
Authors: Pradeep S , Anuwar Husain S , Nithish Kumar M D
Published: September 2020

Light weight – thermal insulation concrete has a growing demand in energy efficient building. It can be used in places where there is a requirement for thermal insulation in the form of tiles and weathering coarse for roof as well as in places where there is a need for thermal lining. For the preparation of light weight – thermal insulation concrete, a cement replacement mix consisting of Silica fume, Metakaolin, Egg shell powder, Alccofine were used along with different particle sizes of Cenospheres as a fine aggregate replacement. The test concrete samples were tested for their physical and mechanical parameters like compressive strength and its thermal conductivity were investigated. The light weight – thermal insulation concrete has a reliable compressive strength and a satisfactory thermal insulation property.
Combustion and propulsive characteristics of potential hybrid rocket propellant
Authors: Sunil Rahul , Virkar Aditya , Vignesh Kumar M , Krishnamoorthy Iynthezhuthon , Malhotra Vinayak
Published: September 2020

Presently, the advancements in the field of rockets and rocket propulsion has been done to such an extent where the mission success rate is surely more than its failure. This has also led to a need for much better efficient materials (propellants) that form a major part of the rockets. The project deals with the combustion and the propulsion characteristics of the rockets. In combustion part, the experiments are conducted on normal paraffin wax candle, coated with different energetic materials in order to calculate the burn rate with the help of videography. This addition of energetic materials enhances the regression rate of candle. The propulsive characteristics, like the specific impulse and characteristic velocity, are studied through simulations carried on the NASA-CEA software in which a base composite propellant (AP/HTPB/Al) is present along with highly energetic materials. The energetic materials considered here are either fuel, binder or oxidiser which helps us to study the variance in the specific impulse and the characteristic velocity. The key parameters here are pressure, temperature, the oxidiser to fuel ratio and the composition of the material. One of the novelties of this study is to create a relation between the combustive and propulsive characteristics as there is not existing correlation between them. Other importance of this study is the concept of Hybridisation put forth to simplify the addition of material in the propellant. This concept has been studied extensively come up with a better hybrid propellant that can be used to improve the efficiency of the rocket.
Self-inducing fires: the heat source effect
Authors: Gayen Sneha , Pal Pritha , Bhawalkar Prayas , Malhotra Vinayak , Selvakumaran T
Published: September 2020

Scholars and scientists have been trying to find ways to control and alleviate the consequences of concurrent fires such as forest fires, building fires and various space fires but no compelling solutions have been concluded from their studies so far. The basic cause of these kind of fires concerns with the unstable nature of the flames and marked unpredictability associated with it. For example, the breakout of one of the deadliest wildfires in California in 2018 and the Amazon fire of 2019 shows us the gravity of the situation and also the immediate requirement to control such mishaps to save lives and properties valuable to us. This led us to make an attempt to study the behavior of such flames – an experimental setup with rather ideal conditions was devised and a thorough home-scale study was carried out. This present study mainly concerns with the study of fire propagation phenomena and the vitality of fire control in our daily life. This study involves the review of the varying regression rates and fire spread rates of flames as observed in matchsticks when spaced in both linear and non-linear orientation for different configurations. The behavioral instability of the flames will give us an insight into the heterogeneous fire propagation phenomenon and its control. An insight into the heterogeneous fire propagation is expected for essential fire safety and, on its basis, an algorithm for the same is to be formulated. With this knowledge along with the existing information, it might help us quantify the extent of fire propagation by means of a non-dimensional entity which might as well give us some possible solution to the reduction of such kind of fires in forests, buildings, large scale fires in industries, space propulsion systems.
Experimental investigation on Preheating of Azadirachta indica biofuel and their performance analysis in a CI engine
Authors: Praveena V , Karthikeyan S , Ilakkiya M , Vijay Ganesh S
Published: September 2020

This paper deals with evaluation of engine performance using preheated biofuel utilizing the waste heat generated from exhaust gases. The performance characteristics and emission parameters are compared with the trans-esterified biodiesel. It is understood that the preheated biofuel run in the engine was capable of producing appreciable brake thermal efficiency as that of biodiesel run CI engine. This effort simultaneously reduced the heat loss to the environment, thereby improving the exergy of the system. The neem biofuel was heated to 70°C and 80°C before injection by the exhaust gases. HC and CO emissions were reduced by 22.3% and 19.01% respectively. NOx emissions suffered an increase of 18.6%. The improvement in BTE was 5.5% compared to non-heated biofuel.
Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Performance on asymmetric NACA 23018 Aerofoil incorporating a Leading-Edge Rotating Cylinder
Authors: Salam Md Abdus , Ali MA Taher , Islam Md Quamrul
Published: September 2020

The effects of Momentum Injection can play a vital role in increasing the efficiency of an aerofoil by increasing its lift and delaying the stall angle. Most of the studies regarding this concept analyzed the effects of momentum injection for higher velocity ratios (cylinder tangential velocity to free stream velocity) only. Almost no or less studies analyzed this effect for lower velocity ratios which created a research gap in this field. In this paper, a rotating cylinder is placed at the leading edge of an asymmetric aerofoil NACA 23018 and the aerodynamic performance with and without a rotating cylinder was studied for lower velocity ratios (<0.2). The experimental analysis was carried out for two Reynolds numbers (Re): 2 × 105 and 2.5 × 105 corresponding to two free stream velocities: 20 m/s and 25 m/s, respectively, for six different angles of attack (−5°, 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°). The experimental analysis showed that incorporating a leading-edge rotating cylinder increased the maximum lift coefficient by around 24% and delayed the stall angle by around 20%.
1-D mathematical modeling of a diesel oxidation catalyst for transient hot start drive cycle
Authors: Nair Sreeharsh , Mittal Mayank
Published: September 2020

The need to obey with increasingly stringent emission regulations has amplified the importance of after treatment devices, and therefore, reliable tools need to be developed for the evolution of better aftertreatment devices. Even though the upcoming regulations paved the way for improved combustion engines, their high carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions increased the load on catalytic converters. Numerical modeling is one such tool which is extremely useful in providing the basic information which helps in designing the reactor, understanding its operation, and predicting the performance. In this context, the utmost aim of the numerical modeling is to simulate the driving cycle where inlet conditions to the catalytic converter vary with respect to time. Such a simulation must include the calculations of transient temperature-field of the monolith substrate and converter-out mass emissions. In this paper, a one-dimensional mathematical modeling of an oxidation catalyst has been implemented to simulate a hot start New European Drive Cycle (NEDC). The transient engine data was taken from the literature, and the measured instantaneous traces at the outlet of the catalyst were compared with the model predictions. This model has been developed to investigate the CO conversion performance of the catalyst. The comparison between model predictions and experiments has shown a satisfactory agreement in terms of both substrate temperature and CO emission at the catalyst outlet, confirming the effectiveness of the methodology applied. The reliability of the 1-D model was also proved with the probability density function of the conversion efficiency.
Preparation and characterization of green synthesized cerium oxide nano particle doped with biodiesel blends
Authors: Murugesan A , Prakash R , Srinithi S , Ranjith Kumar L , Parthiban S , Pavithran K
Published: September 2020

The present work focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles by using bael leaves. It is a naturally occurring material for synthesizing nano additives. Characterization studies such as particle size analyzer and UV spectroscopy are been used to examine the inherent properties of bale leaf to be used as a nano material. The particle size study confirms that the produced nanoparticle has an average particle size of 50 nm with 200 nm diameter. The study by UV spectroscopy confirms that the nano crystal has a BCC structure with a peak absorption of 9.82 a.u. On the other hand, the physical and chemical properties of nano particle doped with B20 such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value, density and flash point are measured and compared with ASTM standard is presented in this paper.
Analysis of concentrated solar powered conical reactor with coal ash as catalyst
Authors: Kiran Chittibomma Uday , Balaji G.
Published: September 2020

Nowadays there is an increase in the usage of non-renewable products to produce the energy required to sustain in day to day life, which results in the generation of harmful emissions such as greenhouse gases, in turn, leads to an increase in earth’s surface temperature and depletion of the ozone layer. On the other hand, the generation of usable energy requires fossil fuels to satisfy the thermal input. So switching to renewable energy for the thermal input for fossil fuels saves the environment for further damage, mainly solar energy which is abundantly available and free of cost. Hence creating much more interest in researchers to establish and enhance the performance of solar energy coupled reactor. By implementing solar energy as the input for the reactor there will be a decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels to produce heat energy. In this present study solar concentrated power is used as an input fuel supply to the reactor process where the dish type concentrator used of diameter 1.4m and has a focal length of 0.28m which is focused towards the preferred conical shape reactor because of the effective flux distribution inside the reactor than the other shapes. The reactor volume of 13.9m3 is fixed at the focal distance where the receiver absorbs more amount of radiation from the concentrator, leads to an increase in the temperature inside the reactor and the specimen inside the reactor will generate gases. by using the coal ash as a catalyst there is a temperature increase of 10%. That is without any catalyst the reactor inside temperature is 100°C and with coal ash as catalyst 110°C.
Analysis and Performance improvements of Photovoltaic system by using fins for heat reduction by CFD
Authors: Karthikeyan Mundrathi , Johnson Joji
Published: September 2020

The efficiency and power output of the solar PV panel decreases with an increase in temperature. The efficiency of a monocrystalline photovoltaic panel decreases around 0.3% for every degree rise in temperature after 30°C. By using different techniques we can reduce temperature. A heat sink made up of aluminium plate with fins attached to the PV panel which enhances heat rejection. The analysis of the system was done in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The static and transient analysis was done and an optimal heat sink was designed. The silicon plate which is designed to simulate the PV panel was maintained at a temperature of 60°C for the analysis. It was found that the optimal fins of heat sink have 1.5 mm thickness and each of 40 mm height and 30 mm spacing between the fins and the natural air flow is maintained through the fins which is parallel to fins. There is a reduction in temperature of panel by 4°C in static conditions by natural convection.
Performance analysis of solar concentrator dish by various reflector and absorbent
Authors: Lakshmanan T , Leela Prasad G , Ghosh Akashdeep , Kumar Abhik , Aniketh Vittal H K
Published: September 2020

Recent days the availability of a conventional source of energies are limited dueto overexploitation of resources. This can be prevented by replacing the conventional source of energy to renewable energy which is believed to be the future. In renewable energy, there are many types among which solar energy is the best and most effective as it is abundant, freely available, and it has a lot of versatile applications. The main objective of the research is to study the suitability of antenna dish for thermal application by optimizing the various parameters to achieve maximum thermal collector efficiency. Considerable enhancement in the performance of the solar dish collector was observed by altering various absorbents on the receiver.
Design, analysis and fabrication of lanthanum strontium manganite catalytic converter
Authors: Jain Pushpit , Tibrewal Abhishek , Krishnakumar Vignesh , Barathraj R K
Published: September 2020

With the ever-increasing pollution rate, we have considered the need to control automobile emissions which are responsible for global warming. In this paper, we aim to propose a cost effective and sustainable design prototype of a catalytic converter. Design was done by considering some of the problems in existing catalytic converter like back pressure, cold start emissions and cost. The new design of the Catalytic converter includes a new catalyst i.e. Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM) with a piecewise placement approach and a hexagonal random cell shape which is in contrast with the existing platinum-palladium catalyst and honeycomb structure. Analysis of the design of Catalytic converter was done which included the ANSYS CFD and mode shape analysis. The cold start emissions were reduced by using a method to pre - heat the air at the input of the converter shell using Arduino controlled heat plug. The testing of the converter assembly was done on a single cylinder Briggs & Stratton Engine and results were taken using Exhaust Gas Analyser which gave us the emission outputs with and without catalytic converter at idling and full rpm of the engine.
Experimental investigation on reducing the solidification time of NFPCM by reducing sub cooling for different heat transfer fluid temperature for cooling applications
Authors: Malarmannan S. , Chandrasekaran P , Khan Mohd Quasim
Published: September 2020

This study aims to investigate the solidification characteristics of water based nanofluid NFPCM (Nanofluid phase change material) with an aim to form an efficient CTES (Cool Thermal Energy Storage) system. Here we have taken base PCM as deionized water and Graphene is taken as nanoparticle because of its property of high thermal conductivity. The PCM was prepared by adding surfactant (0.2wt%) which is used to reduce the surface tension of the solution and then various concentration of graphene nanoparticle are added i.e. 0.2wt% and 0.4wt%, and the effect in solidification time and reduction of sub cooling is seen and studied. The enhanced heat transfer rate of NFPCM without sub cooling is advantageous for many CTES applications. So, finally it is constructed from experimental results that by embedding this technology with chiller systems which is used to cool large spaces can help us to conquer our motive to save energy and provide effective and efficient cooling.
Preliminary Studies of Compressible Jet Flow from a Pipe with Hexagonal Cross-section
Authors: Avinash S , Tinesh K , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

The present study is an experimental investigation of compressible jet flow from a pipe with a hexagonal cross-section. The pipe is fixed to a settling chamber which is supplied with compressed air by a storage tank via a pressure regulator. The experimental methodology includes the measurement of centreline variation of stagnation pressure and the visualization of shock structures. The results from the present pipe shape considered for the present study will be compared with the results of jet flow experiments from a circular pipe. The diameter of the circular pipe is taken as 15mm and the same is fixed for the hexagonal pipe. The L/D ratio of the pipe is chosen as 5. The nozzle pressure ratio will be varied according to the source available and the measurements will be taken via a Pitot tube connected to a Pressure Scanner. The positioning is controlled by a traverse mechanism which can move in axial and transverse directions. The results obtained will be discussed in detail with the help of relevant literature.
Design and Development of a Modular Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunne
Authors: Muralidhar Murukesh , Joy Saneesh C , Akhil Mohammed P , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

This paper addresses the various design parameters of an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind tunnel and also explains the approach taken to construct the various parts of the wind tunnel. The paper tries to explain the different design stages in the tunnel construction and methods to replicate turbulent boundary layer profiles in it. Rather than using conventional material like wood, a new approach of using aluminum profiles for the basic framework has been used. These profiles have proven advantageous to tweak the dimensions of the tunnel to obtain varying flow profiles.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Fuelled With Mahua Oil – Pine Oil Blend
Authors: Sai Jaideep Chittiboyina , Hemanth K , Sudhakar D , Prakhyath P , Rohit M , Manikandaraja G
Published: September 2020

Huge competition of the developing countries opens the challenge to create to new technique which make them as super powers. Most of the developing countries economics are mainly depends on the energy sectors which make them to seek alternate. Biofuel is best element which brings them to Independence on other countries. This study investigate the performance and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine fuel with mahua oil and Pine oil blend. The fuel was prepared in the volume ratio M30P70, M50P50 and M70P30 and compared with diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out by varying the loading conditions. The experimental results shows M30P70 has higher brake thermal efficiency, lower BSFC because of the lower viscosity of the Pine oil. The emission results show that adding of pine oil in the blend leads to higher Nox emissions because of its lower cetane number of the Pine oil. Co and HC emissions shows reduction pattern because of the lower viscosity of pine oil.
Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of CI engine fuelled with mahua oil blended camphor fuel
Authors: Tanay K V R , Vikram Kumar M , Sreenath Reddy J , Manideep K , Krishna Khyathi , Manikandaraja
Published: September 2020

Rapid increment in the energy sector is forcing all countries to look forward to find an alternate solution for their improvements. Biofuel is best alternative which can be easily used in the CI engines. This paper deals with emissions and performance characteristics of CI engine fuelled with Mahua oil blended Camphor Biofuel blend (M70C30, M50C50 and M30C70). Blending the Camphor oil with mahua oil will increase the Brake thermal efficiency. BSFC for M70C30 was found higher than other blended Fuel. Increasing the percentage of camphor in blended fuel will escalate the NOx emissions and will lower the CO, HC and Smoke emissions. M30C70 has higher Thermal efficiency and lower BSFC and which also supports for lowering the HC, CO, Smoke Emissions and high NOx emissions
Experimental investigation of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with turpentine oil diesel blend, camphor oil diesel blend, lemongrass oil diesel blend, mahua oil diesel blend, karanja oil diesel blend
Authors: Manikandaraja G. , Chandrasekaran P.
Published: September 2020

Economic and Environment constraint of the developing countries brings them in position to find the new substitute for Fuel which is more economic, ecofriendly, higher efficient and sustainable. Many research was carried in the field of high viscous Biofuel which has been changed into straight oil to Biodiesel to suit the Diesel engine. This project deals with CI engine fuelled with low viscous Biofuel and narrate the characteristics of performance and emissions. This paper deals with Mahua oil – Diesel blend (M50), karanja oil – Diesel blend (K50), Turpentine oil-Diesel Blend (T50), Lemon grass oil – Diesel Blend (L50) and Camphor Oil – Diesel Blend. Low Viscosity and high calorific value of T50 supports for higher thermal efficiency and Lower BSFC when Compare to Diesel, C50, L50, K50 and M50. The High Viscous Biofuels M50, K50 has the Higher CO emissions because of improper. Diesel has the lower HC emission than T50, C50, L50, K50 and M50. Low viscous Biofuel T50 and C50 has lower Smoke emissions and higher Nox emissions. The T50 and C50 has the higher heat release rate and higher peak pressure which supports for proper combustion and results in higher BTE, NOx emissions.
Experimental investigation of CI engine fuelled with diesel blended neem oil with methanol as additives
Authors: Ramanathan N R , Balasekhar C S K , Tanish P , Manikandaraja G , Malarmannan S
Published: September 2020

To select an alternative fuel suitable for operating an IC diesel engine for real world usage without any major modifications. The need to reduce the use of fossil fuels ignites interest in renewable fuels such as biodiesels. Preventing direct substitution of bio fuels is the higher viscosity of bio fuels. The performance and emission characteristics of CI engine are studied when fuelled with neem oil with diesel blends of ratios B10, B20 and B30 and also with M10% & M20% where methanol is used as the blending agent. The tests were carried out in the 4 stroke, single cylinder diesel engine by varying the load from 25% to 100%.
Comparison studies on mechanical and wear behavior of Stir Cast Al-SiC-B4C metal matrix composites
Authors: Arun Raj A C , Vishal S , Senkathir S , Geethapriyan T
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the surface tribology and mechanical properties of AA6061 graded aluminum alloy matrix composite, reinforcing Silicon Carbide and Boron Carbide. In this work, the AA6061 graded aluminum alloy is reinforced with 3%, 6%, 9% (By weight) of B4C with constant 5% (By weight) of SiC under stir casting and producing three test samples A, B and, C respectively. The Samples were subjected to wear test, tensile test, impact test, and hardness test calculating wear loss, wear rate, coefficient of friction, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength, and brinell hardness. From analyzing the results from the test conducted, it is inferred that maintaining the optimum B4C composition between 3% and 6% in Al-SiC produces better mechanical properties and wear resistance.
Effect of saw dust, rice husk, and groundnut shell on properties of mubi vimtim clay in Adamawa State Nigeria
Authors: Nathan C
Published: September 2020

Three agricultural wastes namely saw dust, rice husk, and groundnut shell were used as additives to Mubi Vimtim clay to evaluate its properties. The aim of the research work is to compare the properties of Mubi Vimtim clay when additives are added and when additives are not added. PW430 X-Ray was used to determine the chemical properties of the clay with additives and without additives. The results gave the highest % of oxides of Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, V2O5 to be ( 19.67% with sample B, 67.7% with sample A, 0.40% with sample C, 4.98% with sample A, 1.33% with sample A, 0.04 % with sample A and with sample B, 0.05% with sample C and with sample D) respectively. The highest porosity was found to be 17.50% with 30% sample D addition. Bulk density was highest with 2.87g/cm3 with clay sample A. The highest refractoriness of the clay was found to be 430°C with sample A and lowest with 950°C at 30% sample D addition. The highest thermal shock resistance was found to be 13 cycle at 10–30% sample D addition. The highest breaking load was found to be 380N with sample A. The highest compression strength was found to be 86 Mpa with sample A. The results obtained show the variation of the properties of Mubi Vimtim clay when saw dust, rice husk, and groundnut shell were added.
Optimization of Laser Parameters and Dimple Geometry for the Improved Tribological Behaviour of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Prem Ananth M , Ponnuvel S , Sridharan V , Karthikeyan A , Mithun Krishnan R
Published: September 2020

Titanium alloys finds wide applications in the field of aerospace and biomedical engineering due to its light weight and corrosive resistance. However, wear resistance of titanium alloys are not satisfactory in the applications demanding sliding contacts. Laser engraving is widely applied to improve the wear resistance of the Titanium alloy surfaces. In this research work wear study using pin on disc experimental setup was carried out using four different patterns on the surface of the titanium pins. Patterns are made using laser engraving machine. The studies were conducted with three different laser beam power and with three different laser beam passes. Further these design parameters were investigated by the analysis of variance to understand their significance in affecting the mass loss of the test specimen. It is observed that the influence of shape of the pattern is highly significant in the design space with a contribution of 71.19%.Laser power and the number of passes of the laser beam were observed to be insignificant. The interaction between shape of the pattern and power of the laser beam is also observed to be significant with a contribution of 11.55%. The R2 value of 92.65% indicates that the model is satisfactorily explain the total variations. From the main effect plot, the combination of hatch pattern, 5W power and single pass of laser beam was found to be the optimal condition for the preparation of test specimen that favour minimum mass loss in the designed space.