bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparison of censored quantile regression methods in prognosis factors of breast cancer survival
Authors: Yazdani Akram , Yaseri Mehdi , Haghighat Shahpar , Kaviani Ahmad , Zeraati Hojjat
Published: September 2021

The Cox proportional hazards model is a widely used statistical method for the censored data that model the hazard rate rather than survival time. To overcome complexity of interpreting hazard ratio, quantile regression was introduced for censored data with more straightforward interpretation. Different methods for analyzing censored data using quantile regression model, have been introduced. The quantile regression approach models the quantile function of failure time and investigates the covariate effects in different quantiles. In this model, the covariate effects can be changed for patients with different risk and is a flexible model for controlling the heterogeneity of covariate effects. We illustrated and compared five methods in quantile regression for right censored data included Portnoy, Wang and Wang, Bottai and Zhang, Yang and De Backer methods. The comparison was made through the use of these methods in modeling the survival time of breast cancer. According to the results of quantile regression models, tumor grade and stage of the disease were identified as significant factors affecting 20th percentile of survival time. In Bottai and Zhang method, 20th percentile of survival time for a case with higher unit of stage decreased about 14 months and 20th percentile of survival time for a case with higher grade decreased about 13 months. The quantile regression models acted the same to determine prognostic factors of breast cancer survival in most of the time. The estimated coefficients of five methods were close to each other for quantiles lower than 0.1 and they were different from quantiles upper than 0.1.
Mortality is not associated with paclitaxel-coated devices usage in peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities
Authors: Ko Dai Sik , Bae Gi Hwan , Choi Sang Tae , Jung Jaehun , Kang Jin Mo
Published: September 2021

A recent meta-analysis addressed increased risk of death following revascularization with paclitaxel-coated devices in femopopliteal artery. We evaluated differences in all-cause mortality and amputation free survival between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients who were treated with paclitaxel-coated devices and non-paclitaxel-coated devices. This was retrospective population-based cohort study from the National Health Insurance Service claims in South Korea from 2015 to 2019. Multivariate Cox regression analyses after propensity score matching were applied to identify all-cause mortality and amputation-free survival. After propensity score matching, there were 6090 patients per group. The median follow-up days was 580 days (interquartile range [IQR] 240–991 days) and 433 days (IQR 175–757 days) for the non-paclitaxel-coated device group and paclitaxel-coated device group, respectively. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, warfarin, and new oral anticoagulants showed that the mortality rate associated with paclitaxel-coated devices was not significantly higher than non-paclitaxel-coated devices (hazard ratio [HR] 0.992; 95% CI 0.91–1.08). The rate of amputation events was higher in patients with paclitaxel-coated devices than those with non-paclitaxel-coated devices (HR 1.614; 95% CI 1.46–1.78). In this analysis, the mortality rate in patients with PAD was not associated with the use of paclitaxel-coated devices, despite a higher amputation rate.
Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
Authors: Coscarelli Roberto , Caroletti Giulio Nils , Joelsson Magnus , Engström Erik , Caloiero Tommaso
Published: September 2021

In order to correctly detect climate signals and discard possible instrumentation errors, establishing coherent data records has become increasingly relevant. However, since real measurements can be inhomogeneous, their use for assessing homogenization techniques is not directly possible, and the study of their performance must be done on homogeneous datasets subjected to controlled, artificial inhomogeneities. In this paper, considering two European temperature networks over the 1950–2005 period, up to 7 artificial breaks and an average of 107 missing data per station were introduced, in order to determine that mean square error, absolute bias and factor of exceedance can be meaningfully used to validate the best-performing homogenization technique. Three techniques were used, ACMANT and two versions of HOMER: the standard, automated setup mode and a manual setup. Results showed that the HOMER techniques performed better regarding the factor of exceedance, while ACMANT was best with regard to absolute error and root mean square error. Regardless of the technique used, it was also established that homogenization quality anti-correlated meaningfully to the number of breaks. On the other hand, as missing data are almost always replaced in the two HOMER techniques, only ACMANT performance is significantly, negatively affected by the amount of missing data.
Shikonin induces programmed death of fibroblast synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting energy pathways
Authors: Li Jiahui , Pang Jinglong , Liu Zhe , Ge XianMing , Zhen Yanan , Jiang Chen Chen , Liu Yaming , Huo Qiang , Sun Yiming , Liu Hao
Published: September 2021

Shikonin is the main component of the traditional Chinese medicine comfrey, which can inhibit the activity of PKM2 by regulating glycolysis and ATP production. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells (RA-FLSs) have been reported to increase glycolytic activity and have other similar hallmarks of metabolic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of shikonin on glycolysis, mitochondrial function, and cell death in RA-FLSs. The results showed that shikonin induced apoptosis and autophagy in RA-FLSs by activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting intracellular ATP levels, glycolysis-related proteins, and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Shikonin can significantly reduce the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, paw swelling in rat arthritic tissues, and the levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-1β while showing less toxicity to the liver and kidney.
Human cortical dynamics during full-body heading changes
Authors: Gramann Klaus , Hohlefeld Friederike U. , Gehrke Lukas , Klug Marius
Published: September 2021

The retrosplenial complex (RSC) plays a crucial role in spatial orientation by computing heading direction and translating between distinct spatial reference frames based on multi-sensory information. While invasive studies allow investigating heading computation in moving animals, established non-invasive analyses of human brain dynamics are restricted to stationary setups. To investigate the role of the RSC in heading computation of actively moving humans, we used a Mobile Brain/Body Imaging approach synchronizing electroencephalography with motion capture and virtual reality. Data from physically rotating participants were contrasted with rotations based only on visual flow. During physical rotation, varying rotation velocities were accompanied by pronounced wide frequency band synchronization in RSC, the parietal and occipital cortices. In contrast, the visual flow rotation condition was associated with pronounced alpha band desynchronization, replicating previous findings in desktop navigation studies, and notably absent during physical rotation. These results suggest an involvement of the human RSC in heading computation based on visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive input and implicate revisiting traditional findings of alpha desynchronization in areas of the navigation network during spatial orientation in movement-restricted participants.
Laser isotope separation of 176Lu through off-the-shelf lasers
Authors: Suryanarayana M. V. , Sankari M.
Published: September 2021

We propose a novel and simple method for the laser isotope separation of 176Lu a precursor for the production of 177Lu medical isotope. The physics of the laser-atom interaction has been studied through the dynamics of the atomic level populations using the density matrix formalism. It has been shown that a combination of cw excitation lasers and pulsed ionization laser can be used for the laser isotope separation of 176Lu. The optimum conditions for the efficient and selective separation of 176Lu have been derived by studying the time evolution of level population under laser excitation. It has also been shown that, it might be possible to produce ~ 100% enriched 176Lu isotope at a rate of 5 mg/h, which is higher than all previously reported methods so far. The isotope separation process proposed can be easily adopted using off-the-shelf lasers, for similar atomic systems.
Neural underpinnings of morality judgment and moral aesthetic judgment
Authors: Cheng Qiuping , Wen Xue , Ye Guozhen , Liu Yanchi , Kong Yilong , Mo Lei
Published: September 2021

Morality judgment usually refers to the evaluation of moral behavior`s ability to affect others` interests and welfare, while moral aesthetic judgment often implies the appraisal of moral behavior's capability to provide aesthetic pleasure. Both are based on the behavioral understanding. To our knowledge, no study has directly compared the brain activity of these two types of judgments. The present study recorded and analyzed brain activity involved in the morality and moral aesthetic judgments to reveal whether these two types of judgments differ in their neural underpinnings. Results reveled that morality judgment activated the frontal, parietal and occipital cortex previously reported for motor representations of behavior. Evaluation of goodness and badness showed similar patterns of activation in these brain regions. In contrast, moral aesthetic judgment elicited specific activations in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortex proved to be involved in the behavioral intentions and emotions. Evaluation of beauty and ugliness showed similar patterns of activation in these brain regions. Our findings indicate that morality judgment and moral aesthetic judgment recruit different cortical networks that might decode others' behaviors at different levels. These results contribute to further understanding of the essence of the relationship between morality judgment and aesthetic judgment.
A negative piezo-conductive effect from doped semiconducting polymer thin films
Authors: Yi Chao , Shen Lening , Zheng Jie , Gong Xiong
Published: September 2021

In the past years, piezo-conductive sensors have drawn great attention in both academic and industrial sectors. The piezo-conductive sensors made by inorganic semiconductors exhibited poor mechanical flexibility, restricting their further practical applications. In this study, we report the piezo-conductive sensors by a semiconducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with tosylate ions (PEDOT:Tos) thin films. Systemically studies indicate that the piezo-conductive response of the PEDOT:Tos thin films is originated from the deformation of the PEDOT crystal cells and the stretched π–π distances induced by Tos. Moreover, the negative piezo-conductive effect, for the first time, is observed from PEDOT:Tos thin film under the pressure. A working mechanism is further proposed to interpret the transient from a positive to a negative piezo-conductive response within the PEDOT:Tos thin films. Our studies offer a facile route to approach effective piezo-conductive sensors based on conjugated polymers.
Designing multiepitope-based vaccine against Eimeria from immune mapped protein 1 (IMP-1) antigen using immunoinformatic approach
Authors: Madlala Thabile , Adeleke Victoria T. , Fatoba Abiodun J. , Okpeku Moses , Adeniyi Adebayo A. , Adeleke Matthew A.
Published: September 2021

Drug resistance against coccidiosis has posed a significant threat to chicken welfare and productivity worldwide, putting daunting pressure on the poultry industry to reduce the use of chemoprophylactic drugs and live vaccines in poultry to treat intestinal diseases. Chicken coccidiosis, caused by an apicomplexan parasite of Eimeria spp., is a significant challenge worldwide. Due to the experience of economic loss in production and prevention of the disease, development of cost-effective vaccines or drugs that can stimulate defence against multiple Eimeria species is imperative to control coccidiosis. This study explored Eimeria immune mapped protein-1 (IMP-1) to develop a multiepitope-based vaccine against coccidiosis by identifying antigenic T-cell and B-cell epitope candidates through immunoinformatic techniques. This resulted in the design of 7 CD8+, 21 CD4+ T-cell epitopes and 6 B-cell epitopes, connected using AAY, GPGPG and KK linkers to form a vaccine construct. A Cholera Toxin B (CTB) adjuvant was attached to the N-terminal of the multiepitope construct to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine. The designed vaccine was assessed for immunogenicity (8.59968), allergenicity and physiochemical parameters, which revealed the construct molecular weight of 73.25 kDa, theoretical pI of 8.23 and instability index of 33.40. Molecular docking simulation of vaccine with TLR-5 with binding affinity of − 151.893 kcal/mol revealed good structural interaction and stability of protein structure of vaccine construct. The designed vaccine predicts the induction of immunity and boosted host's immune system through production of antibodies and cytokines, vital in hindering surface entry of parasites into host. This is a very important step in vaccine development though further experimental study is still required to validate these results.
The use of multi-criteria method in the process of threat assessment to the environment
Authors: Zajusz-Zubek Elwira , Korban Zygmunt
Published: September 2021

Measurements of the content of trace elements, including toxic and carcinogenic metals, in various fractions of particulate matter PM are an important element of environmental monitoring and research involving their impact on human health. The article presents the measurement results of atmospheric composition of suspended dust (PM10), respirable fraction (PM2.5) and submicron particulate matter (PM1) collected with the Dekati PM10 cascade impactor. Samples were collected in the vicinity of four working power plants (from 28 May to 23 September 2014) and four coking plants (from 4 May to 28 August 2015) in Upper Silesia, Poland. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the solutions: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) and selenium (Se) obtained for individual fractions was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, using the apparatus ICP-MS. The research results were used to determine a synthetic assessment of the threat to the anthropogenic environment and for the preparation of the ranking of the measured points.
Active maintenance of proton motive force mediates starvation-induced bacterial antibiotic tolerance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Chan Edward Wai Chi , Wan Yingkun , Wong Marcus Ho-yin , Chen Sheng
Published: September 2021

Recent evidence suggests that metabolic shutdown alone does not fully explain how bacteria exhibit phenotypic antibiotic tolerance. In an attempt to investigate the range of starvation-induced physiological responses underlying tolerance development, we found that active maintenance of the transmembrane proton motive force (PMF) is essential for prolonged expression of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria. Eradication of tolerant sub-population could be achieved by disruption of PMF using the ionophore CCCP, or through suppression of PMF maintenance mechanisms by simultaneous inhibition of the phage shock protein (Psp) response and electron transport chain (ETC) complex activities. We consider disruption of bacterial PMF a feasible strategy for treatment of chronic and recurrent bacterial infections.
A photo-responsive chemical modulation of m6A RNA demethylase FTO
Authors: Lan Ling , Sun Ying-Jie , Liu Li , Cheng Liang
Published: September 2021

The design, synthesis and evaluation of a photo-responsive and selective inhibitor of FTO is presented.
Vertical growth of SnS2 nanobelt arrays on CuSbS2 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Li Wenhao , Xu Quanlong , Chen Wei , Gou Faliang , Zhou Shujing , Li Jinjing , Qi Chenze , Ma De-Kun
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional SnS2 nanobelt arrays vertically grown on two-dimensional CuSbS2 nanosheet heterostructures showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction.
Crystal growth and properties characterization of Nd3+:Na5Lu(MoO4)4 for continuous multi-wavelength NIR laser emission
Authors: Geng Lei , Han Shuo , Yi Wencai , Zhang Shoubao , Shen Chuanying , Lu Hongyan
Published: September 2021

The Nd3+:Na5Lu(MoO4)4 crystal was grown in a 4Na2O–5MoO3 flux through the top-seeded solution growth technique, and achieved a continuous multi-wavelength NIR laser emission in the Nd3+:Na5Lu(MoO4)4 crystal for the first time.
Sisal-like Sn2+doped ZnO hierarchical structures: synthesis, growth mechanism, and their application in photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Wei Jiangang , Mao Yuqin , Li Wenqin , Zhu Xiangrong , Wang Pengwei , Zhu LuPing
Published: September 2021

Sisal-like Sn doped ZnO hierarchical structures were prepared by the hydrothermal method without employing templates or matrices. The architectures show enhanced light absorption, high photocatalytic properties, good stability and reusability.
Conversion of carbon dioxide to a novel molecule NCNBO− mediated by NbBN2− anions at room temperature
Authors: Chu Lan-Ye , Wang Ming , Ma Jia-Bi
Published: September 2021

Thermal activation of CO2 by NbBN2− anions is studied experimentally and theoretically, and novel molecules are formed, in which two CO double bonds in one CO2 molecule are completely broken and two C–N bonds are formed in the product NCNBO−.
Correction: Ultra-high thermal conductivities of tetrahedral carbon allotropes with non-simple structures
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Pei , Ouyang Tao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Qin Guangzhao
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Ultra-high thermal conductivities of tetrahedral carbon allotropes with non-simple structures’ by Qiang Chen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02347k.
A dual-emissive europium-based metal–organic framework for selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ and Fe2+
Authors: Zhao Yuming , Liu Jinhui , Wang Sha , Zhai Xu , Shao Lei , Liu Yunling , Zhang Xuemin , Chen Junyi , Meng Fanbao , Fu Yu
Published: September 2021

A novel dual-emissive Eu-BDC-OH material as a ratiometric fluorescent probe can easily distinguish Fe3+ and Fe2+.
A phosphine-free Mn(i)-NNS catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone: a theoretical prediction
Authors: Zhao Yaqi , Zhang Lin , Pu Min , Lei Ming
Published: September 2021

A well-defined phosphine-free Mn(i)-NNS complex was proposed to be able to catalyze asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketone. The reaction mechanism of ATH and the origin of stereoselectivity were investigated using DFT method.
A chromotropic PtIIPdIICoII coordination polymer with dual electrocatalytic activity for water reduction and oxidation
Authors: San Esteban Anna Carissa M. , Kuwamura Naoto , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: September 2021

A chromotropic coordination polymer prepared from [Pd2Pt2(NH3)4(d-penicillaminate)4] and CoII is reported. While both its chloride and bromide salts electrochemically catalyse water reduction, water oxidation is catalysed only by the bromide salt.
Luteolin attenuates hepatic injury in septic mice by regulating P2X7R-based HMGB1 release
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hong , Yang Hong-Xu , Jin Quan , Wu Yan-Ling , Cui Zhen-Yu , Shang Yue , Liu Jian , Zhan Zi-Ying , Lian Li-Hua , Nan Ji-Xing
Published: September 2021

Luteolin reverses septic hepatic injury, especially inflammation, likely by regulating the release of HMGB1 through the P2X7R–RAGE–TLR4 axis.
Continuous slurry plug flow Fe/ppm Pd nanoparticle-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura couplings in water utilizing novel solid handling equipment
Authors: Wood Alex B. , Plummer Scott , Robinson Richard I. , Smith Marie , Chang Jim , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: September 2021

Plugged flow chemistry in water has been developed using a heterogeneous catalyst and applied to Suzuki–Miyaura cross-couplings.
Limonene dioxide as a building block for 100% bio-based thermosets
Authors: Mija Alice , Louisy Elodie , Lachegur Sara , Khodyrieva Veronika , Martinaux Philippe , Olivero Sandra , Michelet Veronique
Published: September 2021

Synthesis of an unprecedented 100% biobased thermoset polymer based on limonene waste and glutaric anhydride with a high Tg and reversible links.
Nuclearity growth of new PdIIcomplexes induced by the electronic effect of selenium-containing ligands
Authors: Cechin Camila N. , Cabral Bruno N. , Bublitz Fabrício , Bortolotto Tanize , da Silveira Géssica D. , de Carvalho Leandro M. , Cargnelutti Roberta , Abram Ulrich , Nakagaki Shirley , Lang Ernesto S. , Tirloni Bárbara
Published: September 2021

This work provides a systematic study of how the electronic effect of EDG or EWG in selenium-containing ligands influences the nuclearity of PdIIcomplexes. The solid-state, solution and gas phase behaviors were evaluated for the complexes.
Electropolymerization of D–A–D type monomers consisting of triphenylamine and substituted quinoxaline moieties for electrochromic devices
Authors: Fu Wenan , Chen Hongjin , Han Yiying , Wang Wenyuan , Zhang Rui , Liu Jian
Published: September 2021

We reported three D–A–D type monomers consisting of triphenylamine and substituted quinoxaline moieties, and their electrochemical polymerization for electrochromic devices.
Modular access to 1,2-allenyl ketones based on a photoredox-catalysed radical-polar crossover process
Authors: Lei Wan , Liu Yongjun , Fang Yewen , Li Yan , Du Chan , Fang Jianghua
Published: September 2021

New access to allenes: With photocatalytic reductive radical-polar crossover as the strategy, a new protocol for the preparation of trisubstituted allenes has been nicely developed via the reactions of 1,3-enynes with various alkyl radicals.
Porous cross-linked polymer copper and iridium catalyzed the synthesis of quinoxalines and functionalized ketones under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Li Jiahao , Yu Minyi , Duan Zheng-Chao , Zhu Haiyan , Yao Wei , Wang Dawei
Published: September 2021

Two innovative porous cross-linked polymers (PCP–BTA–Ir and PCP–BTA–Cu) exhibited high catalytic activity towards the synthesis quinoxalines.
Synthesis of chiral piperazin-2-ones through palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of pyrazin-2-ols
Authors: Feng Guang-Shou , Zhao Zi-Biao , Shi Lei , Zhou Yong-Gui
Published: September 2021

A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of pyrazines containing a tautomeric hydroxyl group was developed, providing a facile access to chiral disubstituted piperazin-2-ones with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
The development of biomass-derived carbon-based photocatalysts for the visible-light-driven photodegradation of pollutants: a comprehensive review
Authors: Son Bui Thanh , Long Nguyen Viet , Nhat Hang Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2021

This review highlights recent advances relating to the synthesis of biomass-derived carbon-based photocatalysts in light of their potential use in the photodegradation of various pollutants.
Substituted aromatic pentaphosphole ligands – a journey across the p-block
Authors: Riesinger Christoph , Balázs Gábor , Seidl Michael , Scheer Manfred
Published: September 2021

The reactivity of cationic electrophiles towards pentaphosphaferrocene [Cp*Fe(ƞ5-P5)] is explored. We report P–E bond formation for electrophiles across the p-block, producing coordination complexes with unprecedented hetero-bispentaphosphole and hetero-pentaphosphole ligands.
Unraveling two-phase transport in porous transport layer materials for polymer electrolyte water electrolysis
Authors: De Angelis Salvatore , Schuler Tobias , Charalambous Margarita A. , Marone Federica , Schmidt Thomas J. , Büchi Felix N.
Published: September 2021

Non-optimal oxygen transport in polymer electrolyte water electrolysis is expected to cause severe efficiency losses at high current density. In this study, we shed the first light on the complex fluid transport in PTL materials using operando X-ray tomographic microscopy.
A highly reversible sodium metal anode by mitigating electrodeposition overpotential
Authors: Xu Pan , Li Xin , Yan Mei-Yan , Ni Hong-Bin , Huang Hai-Hong , Lin Xiao-Dong , Liu Xiao-Yu , Fan Jing-Min , Zheng Ming-Sen , Yuan Ru-Ming , Dong Quan-Feng
Published: September 2021

Herein, we successfully introduce a sodiophilic Na–Cu–P composites via in situ alloying reaction, which can greatly mitigate the tip/growth/nucleation overpotential during Na deposition, thereby to realize a stable Na plating/stripping behaviors.
Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis on ultra-thin Co9S8/MnS carbon nanosheets for all-solid-state zinc–air batteries
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Li Wanqing , Mi Hongwei , Li Yongliang , Deng Libo , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: September 2021

The mechanism of all-solid-state zinc–air batteries with Co9S8/MnS-USNC, which have a long-term stability at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 for 18 hours, was well observed by in situ Raman spectroscopy.
Barnase encapsulation into submicron porous CaCO3 particles: studies of loading and enzyme activity
Authors: Yashchenok Alexey M. , Gusliakova Olga I. , Konovalova Elena V. , Novoselova Marina V. , Shipunova Victoria O. , Abakumova Tatiana O. , Efimova Olga I. , Kholodenko Roman , Schulga Alexey A. , Zatsepin Timofei S. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Deyev Sergey M.
Published: September 2021

The encapsulation efficiency of ribonuclease barnase in submicron CaCO3 particles can be enhanced by the use of anionic polyelectrolytes. The enzymatic activity of enzyme loaded particles is consistent with the loading capacity of these particles.
Highly efficient photon upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation from bichromophoric annihilators
Authors: Sun Wenjing , Ronchi Alessandra , Zhao Tonghan , Han Jianlei , Monguzzi Angelo , Duan Pengfei
Published: September 2021

An external efficiency of triplet–triplet annihilation based photon upconversion of up to 0.42 was achieved from bichromophoric annihilators sensitized by a metallic porphyrin sensitizer.
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Alarjani Khaloud M. , Elkhadragy Manal F. , Al-Masoud Abdulrahman H. , Yehia Hany M.
Published: September 2021

Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium are the leading causes of bacterial food contamination in chicken carcasses. Contamination is particularly associated with the slaughtering process. The present study isolated C. jejuni and S. typhimurim from fifty chicken carcass samples, all of which were acquired from different companies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The identification of C. jejuni was performed phenotypically by using a hippurate test and genetically using a polymerase chain reaction with primers for 16S rRNA and hippurate hydrolase (hipO gene). For the dentification of S. typhimurim, a serological Widal test was carried out using serum anti-S. typhimurium antibodies. Strains were genetically detected using invA gene primers. The positive isolates for C. jejuni showed a specific molecular size of 1448 bp for 16S rRNA and 1148 bp for hipO genes. However, the positive isolates of the invA gene exhibited a specific molecular size at 244 bp using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparing sequencing was performed with respect to the invA gene and the BLAST nucleotide isolates that were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain ST45, thereby producing a similarity of 100%. The testing identified C.jejuni for hippuricase, GenBank: Z36940.1. While many isolates of Salmonella spp. that contained the invA gene were not necessarily identified as S. typhimurim, the limiting factor for the Widal test used antiS. typhimurum antibodies. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of C. jejuni isolates in chickens was compared with the standard C. jejuni strain ATCC 22931. Similarly, S. typhimurium isolates were compared with the standard S. typhimurium strain ATCC 14028.
English BESA Morphosyntax Performance Among Spanish–English Bilinguals Who Use African American English
Authors: Gatlin-Nash Brandy , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. , Simon-Cereijido Gabriela , Iglesias Aquiles
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study examined the use of African American English (AAE) among a group of young Latinx bilingual children and the accuracy of the English Morphosyntax subtest of the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment (BESA) in classifying these children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method

Children (
N
= 81) between the ages of 4;0 and 7;1 (years;months) completed a narrative task and the BESA Morphosyntax subtest. We identified DLD based on four reference measures. We compared specific dialectal features used by children with DLD and their typically developing peers. We also conducted an overall analysis of the BESA subtest and subsequent item-level analyses to determine if particular items were more likely to contribute to the correct classification of the participants.

Results

Children with DLD used three AAE forms in their narrative samples (subject–verb agreement, zero copula/auxiliary, or zero past tense) more frequently than their typically developing peers. Area-under-the-curve estimates for the cloze, sentence repetition, and composite scores of the BESA indicated that the assessment identified children with DLD in the sample with good sensitivity. Item analysis indicated that the majority of items (84%) significantly differentiated typically developing children and children with DLD.

Conclusions

The BESA English Morphosyntax subtest appears to be a valid tool for the identification of DLD in children exposed to AAE and Spanish. We provide practical implications and suggestions for future research addressing the identification of DLD among children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
PE‐EDD: An efficient peer‐effect‐based financial fraud detection approach in publicly traded China firms
Authors: Xia Hui , Ma Hui , Cheng Ping
Published: September 2021

Financial fraud arises from the exaggeration of business interests, and an accurate detection or prediction is a useful tool for both corporate management and capital market systems. A collection of computer technologies has been made on this problem so far, and one of the most important solutions is unsupervised learning algorithms. Among them, most approaches work by analysing the internal relations in financial data and finding a new description of non‐fraud firms. However, current studies focus a lot on the geometry attribute of financial data, while overlooking the obvious behaviour patterns and peer effects among firms. This has limited the accuracy of representation and furthermore the detection performance. In this work, a very general class of functions is allowed to represent firms, constraining them by peer effects between firms and presenting an error‐distribution‐based financial fraud firm detection approach. Experimental results have shown great performance of the proposed approach.
Relaying protocol design and optimization for energy harvesting relaying in SWIPT networks
Authors: Hu Yifan , Cao Ning , Chen Yunfei
Published: September 2021

In this article, a relaying network with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is considered, where the relaying nodes are energy‐constrained. The relaying nodes rely on energy harvesting (EH) technique for energy supply and they use different directive transmitters for information transmission and energy transfer, respectively, to enhance the SWIPT relaying performance. A novel discrete‐time‐switch and power‐split (DTS‐PS) based energy harvesting mixture transmission (EH‐MT) protocol for each EH decode and forwarding (DF) relaying node is proposed. The expressions for the average information rate and the energy transfer power are derived analytically and verified by simulations. An optimization function is formulated, and the optimal parameters are obtained analytically and verified by simulation.
A CMRR enhancement circuit by employing auxiliary buffer of capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifier for neural signal recording
Authors: Zhu Longbin , Zhou Zhijun , Zhang Chiyuan , Meng Qiao , Wang Zhi‐gong
Published: September 2021

Here, a common‐mode rejection ratio (CMRR) enhancement circuit is proposed by employing an auxiliary buffer (AB) to the pseudo resistors of the capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA). After applying AB to CCIA, the differential‐mode gain remains the same with an extended bandwidth, and the common‐mode gain is reduced, and therefore, the CMRR is enhanced.
Identification of point sources in gamma rays using U-shaped convolutional neural networks and a data challenge
Authors: Panes Boris , Eckner Christopher , Hendriks Luc , Caron Sacha , Dijkstra Klaas , Jóhannesson Guðlaugur , de Austri Roberto Ruiz , Zaharijas Gabrijela
Published: September 2021

Context. At GeV energies, the sky is dominated by the interstellar emission from the Galaxy. With limited statistics and spatial resolution, accurately separating point sources is therefore challenging.

Aims. Here we present the first application of deep learning based algorithms to automatically detect and classify point sources from gamma-ray data. For concreteness we refer to this approach as AutoSourceID.

Methods. To detect point sources, we utilized U-shaped convolutional networks for image segmentation and k-means for source clustering and localization. We also explored the Centroid-Net algorithm, which is designed to find and count objects. Using two algorithms allows for a cross check of the results, while a combination of their results can be used to improve performance. The training data are based on 9.5 years of exposure from The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and we used source properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and pulsars (PSRs) from the fourth Fermi-LAT source catalog in addition to several models of background interstellar emission. The results of the localization algorithm are fed into a classification neural network that is trained to separate the three general source classes (AGNs, PSRs, and FAKE sources).

Results. We compared our localization algorithms qualitatively with traditional methods and find them to have similar detection thresholds. We also demonstrate the robustness of our source localization algorithms to modifications in the interstellar emission models, which presents a clear advantage over traditional methods. The classification network is able to discriminate between the three classes with typical accuracy of ∼70%, as long as balanced data sets are used in classification training. We published online our training data sets and analysis scripts and invite the community to join the data challenge aimed to improve the localization and classification of gamma-ray point sources.
Introduction: On Enrique
Authors: Coron Jean-Michel , Haraux Alain
Published: September 2021

Some of the main contributions of the highly cited mathematician Enrique Zuazua are outlined at the occasion of his sixtieth birthday. Through various anecdotes, it is shown that taking advantage of favourable chances is part of a fruitful career and can produce important results for the benefit of the whole community.
Current concepts in anterior glenohumeral instability: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Moya Daniel , Aydin Nuri , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Simone Juan Pablo , Robles Paul Patiño , Tytherleigh-Strong Graham , Gobbato Bruno , Kholinne Erica , Jeon In-Ho
Published: September 2021

The glenohumeral joint is the most dislocated articulation, accounting for more than 50% of all joint dislocations. The reason behind shoulder instability should be investigated in detail for successful management, and the treatment plan should be individualized for all patients. Several classification systems have been proposed for glenohumeral instability. A physical exam is mandatory no matter what classification system is used. When treating patients with anterior shoulder instability, surgeons need to be aware of the critical size of the bone loss, which is commonly seen. The glenoid track concept was clinically adopted, and the measurement of the glenoid track for surgical decision-making is recommended. Detailed assessment of existing soft tissue injury to the labrum, capsule, glenohumeral ligaments, and rotator cuff is also mandatory as their presence influences the surgical outcome. Rehabilitation, arthroscopic repair techniques, open Bankart procedure, capsular plication, remplissage, Latarjet technique, iliac crest, and other bone grafts offer the surgeon different treatment options according to the type of patient and the lesions to be treated. Three-dimensional (3D) technologies can help to evaluate glenoid and humeral defects. Patient-specific guides are low-cost surgical instruments and can be used in shoulder instability surgery. 3D printing will undoubtedly become an essential tool to achieve the best results in glenohumeral instability surgery.
Accumulation of the Major Components from Polygoni Multiflori Radix in Liver and Kidney after Its Long-Term Oral Administrations in Rats
Authors: Li Dan , Lyu Yuanfeng , Zhao Jiajia , Ji Xiaoyu , Zhang Yufeng , Zuo Zhong
Published: September 2021

Although Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been widely used as a tonic and an anti-aging remedy for centuries, the extensively reported hepatotoxicity and potential kidney toxicity hindered its safe use in clinical practice. To better understand its toxicokinetics, the current study was proposed, aiming to evaluate the biodistributions of the major PMR components including 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG), emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EMG) and physcion as well as their corresponding glucuronides following bolus and multiple oral administrations of PMR to rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a bolus dose or 21 days of oral administrations of PMR concentrated granules at 4.12 g/kg (equivalent to 20.6 g/kg raw material). Fifteen minutes after bolus dose or the last dose on day 21, rats were sacrificed and the blood, liver, and kidney were collected for the concentration determination of both parent form
and glucuronides of TSG, emodin, EMG, and physcion by HPLC-MS/MS. Among all the tested analytes, TSG, EMG, EMG glucuronides in liver and TSG, EMG, as well as all the glucuronides of these analytes in the kidney demonstrated the most significant accumulation after multiple doses. Moreover, the levels of the parent analytes were all significantly higher in liver and kidney in comparison to their plasma levels. Strong tissue binding of all four analytes and accumulation of TSG, EMG, and EMG glucuronides in the liver and TSG, EMG, as well as the glucuronides of all four analytes in the kidney after multiple dosing of PMR were considered to be associated with its toxicity.
Seven-day Oral Intake of Orthosiphon stamineus Leaves Infusion Exerts Antiadhesive Ex Vivo Activity Against Uropathogenic E. coli in Urine Samples
Authors: Deipenbrock Melanie , Scotti Francesca , Mo Boris , Heinrich Michael , Hensel Andreas
Published: September 2021

Orthosiphon stamineus leaves (Java tea) extract is traditionally used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. According to recent in vitro data, animal infection
studies, and transcriptomic investigations, polymethoxylated flavones from Java tea exert antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). This antiadhesive
activity has been shown to reduce bladder and kidney lesion in a mice infection model. As no data on the antivirulent activity of Java tea intake on humans are available, a biomedical study
was performed on 20 healthy volunteers who self-administered Orthosiphon infusion (4 × 3 g per day, orally) for 7 days. The herbal material used for the study conformed to the
specification of the European Pharmacopoeia, and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) of the infusion showed rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and cichoric acid to be the main
compounds aside from polymethoxylated flavones. Rosmarinic acid was quantified in the tea preparations with 243 ± 22 µg/mL, indicating sufficient reproducibility of the preparation of the
infusion. Urine samples were obtained during the biomedical study on day 1 (control urine, prior to Java tea intake), 3, 6 and 8. Antiadhesive activity of the urine samples was quantified by
flowcytometric assay using pre-treated UPEC NU14 and human T24 bladder cells. Pooled urine samples indicated significant inhibition of bacterial adhesion on day 3, 6 and 8. The urine samples
had no influence on the invasion of UPEC into host cells. Bacterial proliferation was slightly reduced after 24 h incubation with the urine samples. Gene expression analysis (qPCR) revealed
strong induction of fitness and motility gene fliC and downregulation of hemin uptake system chuT. These data correlate with previously reported datasets from in vitro
transcriptomic analysis. Increased bacterial motility was monitored using a motility assay in soft agar with UPEC UTI89. The intake of Java tea had no effect on the concentration of
Tamm-Horsfall Protein in the urine samples. The present study explains the antiadhesive and anti-infective effect of the plant extract by triggering UPEC from a sessile lifestyle into a
motile bacterial form, with reduced adhesive capacity.
Positionspapier: Hinweise zur Patienteninformation und -aufklärung vor Anwendung von Biologika bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) – Teil 2: Omalizumab – Empfehlungen des Ärzteverbandes Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNOKHC)
Authors: Förster-Ruhrmann U. , Beule A. G. , Becker S. , Chaker A. M. , Huppertz T. , Hagemann J. , Hoffmann T. K. , Dazert S. , Deitmer T. , Wrede H. , Schlenter W. , Welkoborsky H. J. , Wollenberg B. , Olze H. , Rudack C. , Sperl A. , Casper I. , Dietz A. , Wagenmann M. , Zuberbier T. , Bergmann K. C. , Bedbrook A. , Bousquet J. , Bachert C. , Bergmann C. , Klimek L.
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) ist eine multifaktorielle entzündliche Erkrankung, oftmals auf der Grundlage einer Typ-2-Inflammation. Für die Behandlung von Patienten mit einer schweren Ausprägung ohne ausreichendes Ansprechen auf die Standardtherapie mit topischen nasalen Steroiden und/oder Zustand nach endonasaler Operation sind als Biologika aktuell Dupilumab und Omalizumab für die Therapie zugelassen. Nachdem wir in einer früheren Publikation für Dupilumab bereits entsprechende Hinweise gegeben haben, ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit die Standardisierung von Patienteninformation und -aufklärung vor einer Therapie mit Omalizumab.

Methoden Auf Grundlage des aktuellen Wissensstandes zur Immunologie der CRSwNP und zu den erwünschten und möglichen unerwünschten Wirkungen von Omalizumab werden Empfehlungen für die Patienteninformation entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Basierend auf der internationalen Literatur, der aktuellen Fachinformation und Erfahrungen aus der praktischen Anwendung und den derzeitigen Pharmakovigilanz-Daten hat ein Expertengremium Empfehlungen für die Patienteninformation und -aufklärung zur Anwendung von Omalizumab bei CRSwNP entwickelt und auf dieser Grundlage einen Patienteninformations- und Aufklärungsbogen erstellt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Information und Einwilligung des Patienten wird vor der Verordnung bzw. Verabreichung von allen Biologika, damit auch Omalizumab, empfohlen. Das vorliegende Positionspapier enthält wichtige Informationen zur praktischen Umsetzung und einen Vorschlag für eine Patienteninformation.
Photodriven Dehydrogenative Homocoupling of Benzylic C–H Bonds Forming Strained C–C Bonds
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro , Son Mingon , Kawasaki Tairin , Ito Misato
Published: September 2021

A photoinduced dehydrogenative homocoupling reaction of alkylarenes is reported. Gaseous hydrogen is evolved as the sole byproduct and neither oxidants nor hydrogen acceptors are required. The present reaction offers an environmentally benign and atom-economical means for forming sterically strained C–C single bonds. It also gives a remarkable example of photodriven reactions overcoming a considerable rise in energy.
Case Reporting in Homeopathy—An Overview of Guidelines and Scientific Tools
Authors: Teut Michael , van Haselen Robbert A. , Rutten Lex , Lamba Chetna Deep , Bleul Gerhard , Ulbrich-Zürni Susanne
Published: September 2021

Case reports have been of central importance to the development of homeopathy over the past 200 years. With a special focus on homeopathy, we give an overview on guidelines and tools that may help to improve the quality of case reports. Reporting guidelines such as CARE (Case Report), HOM-CASE (Homeopathic Clinical Case Reports), and the WissHom Documentation Standard help to improve the quality of reporting and strengthen the scientific value of a case report. Additional scientific tools such as prospective outcome assessment, prognostic factor research, cognition-based medicine, and the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score may be helpful in improving case documentation and evaluation.
Radiographic and Clinical Evolution of the Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: D'Ambrosi Riccardo , da Silva Manuel J. de S.V. , Moura João L. M. , Mariani Ilaria , Serrao Luca D. , Di Feo Fabrizio , Ursino Nicola
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate whether the use of the new instrumentation Microplasty (MP) improves component positioning and the reliability of the surgical technique, reducing the implant outliers from the recommended range and providing a more accurate resection, while avoiding insufficient or excessive tibial resection and clinical scores. We prospectively analyzed clinical and radiographic outcomes of three consecutive cohorts for a total of 227 implants at a minimum follow-up of 36 months. The first cohort consisted of 67 Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (OUKA), using the phase III (Ph-III). The second cohort consisted of 136 OUKA, with the MP instrumentation. The third cohort consisted of 24 hypoallergenic OUKA, using the MP instrumentation (TiNbN). Postoperative alignment of the knee in the coronal and sagittal plane was measured using radiographs. No clinical differences were found among the three groups (p > 0.05). A significant difference was found on the slope between Ph-III and MP (p = 0.0005). Moreover, a significant difference was found in tibial angle and in tibial slope in arthroplasty with femoral size small (S), compared with size medium (M) or large (Ly) (tibia varus/valugs angle: p = 0.0484; tibial slope: p = 0.04). Similar results were found between small (AA, A, B) tibial size and large (C, D, E, F) tibial size for tibial varus/valgus (p = 0.03) angle and tibial slope (p = 0.003). A significant difference was found between Ph-III and MP in tibial slope in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (p = 0.0003). A positive correlation was noted between the femoral and tibial sizes and the tibial angle and the slope, and a negative correlation between weight and the tibial slope; furthermore, a positive correlation was found between Oxford knee score and radiographic angles. The MP instrumentation seems to be effective in determining the tibial cut and, particularly, improving the tibial slope, compared with Ph-III. The tibial slope is directly affected by the weight and measurements of the components, regardless of the instruments or the number of pegs, while clinical outcomes are correlated with implant position. This prospective comparative study reflects level of evidence II.