bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Understanding of the Interactions of Cationic Conjugated Oligo- and Polyelectrolytes with Wild-type and Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Zamani Ehsan , Chatterjee Shyambo , Changa Taity , Immethun Cheryl , Sarella Anandakumar , Saha Rajib , Dishari Shudipto Konika
Published: December 2019

An in-depth understanding of cell-drug binding modes and action mechanisms can potentially guide the future design of novel drugs and antimicrobial materials and help to combat antibiotic resistance. Light-harvesting π-conjugated molecules have been demonstrated for their antimicrobial effects, but their impact on bacterial outer cell envelope needs to be studied in detail. Here, we synthesized poly(phenylene) based model cationic conjugated oligo- (2QA-CCOE, 4QA-CCOE) and polyelectrolytes (CCPE), and systematically explored their interactions with the outer cell membrane of wild-type and ampicillin (amp)-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Incubation of the E. coli cells in CCOE/CCPE solution inhibited the subsequent bacterial growth in LB media. About 99% growth inhibition was achieved if amp-resistant E. coli was treated for ~3–5 min, 1 h and 6 h with 100 μM of CCPE, 4QA-CCOE, and 2QA-CCOE solutions, respectively. Interestingly, these CCPE and CCOEs inhibited the growth of both wild-type and amp-resistant E. coli to a similar extent. A large surface charge reversal of bacteria upon treatment with CCPE suggested the formation of a coating of CCPE on the outer surface of bacteria; while a low reversal of bacterial surface charge suggested intercalation of CCOEs within the lipid bilayer of bacteria.
Single-step formulation of levodopa-based nanotheranostics – strategy for ultra-sensitive high longitudinal relaxivity MRI guided switchable therapeutics
Authors: Tian Dan , Xu Hongxia , Xiao Bing , Zhou Xiaoxuan , Liu Xiangrui , Zhou Zhuxian , Patra Hirak K. , Slater Nigel , Tang Jianbin , Shen Youqing
Published: December 2019

The one-pot synthesized nanotheranostic agent T-SWITCH showed high MRI contrast efficiency (r1 = 61.94 mM−1 s−1) and complete tumor ablation after photothermal therapy.
Multi-element (C, H, Cl, Br) stable isotope fractionation as a tool to investigate transformation processes for halogenated hydrocarbons
Authors: Ojeda Ann Sullivan , Phillips Elizabeth , Sherwood Lollar Barbara
Published: December 2019

A review that highlights the utility of multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in halogenated hydrocarbon remediation.
A nitrogen and fluorine enriched Fe/Fe3C@C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst for anion/proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Karuppannan Mohanraju , Park Ji Eun , Bae Hyo Eun , Cho Yong-Hun , Kwon Oh Joong
Published: December 2019

Nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated non-noble metals are promising electrocatalytic alternatives to Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Controlling protein interactions in blood for effective liver immunosuppressive therapy by silica nanocapsules
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Prozeller Domenik , Pereira Jorge , Simon Johanna , Han Shen , Wirsching Sebastian , Fichter Michael , Mottola Milagro , Lieberwirth Ingo , Morsbach Svenja , Mailänder Volker , Gehring Stephan , Crespy Daniel , Landfester Katharina
Published: December 2019

Silica nanocapsules are engineered to display controlled blood protein interactions for liver immunosuppressive therapy.
Temperature-regulated reversible transformation of spinel-to-oxyhydroxide active species for electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Zhou Tingli , Wang Changhong , Shi Yanmei , Liang Yu , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2019

The active species of NiCo2O4for OER is found to be NiCo2O4at room temperature, and Ni(Co) oxyhydroxides at 45 °C. The alternate change of the reaction temperature induce reversible transformation between NiCo2O4and Ni(Co) oxyhydroxides.
Charge-transfer descriptor for the cycle performance of β-Li2MO3 cathodes: role of oxygen dimers
Authors: Kim Inkyung , Do Joongyeop , Kim Heejin , Jung Yousung
Published: December 2019

Charge transfer energy is proposed and validated as a physical descriptor that can predict activity and reversibility of oxygen redox.
An injectable thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with an ancient natural drug colchicine for myocardial repair after infarction
Authors: Chen Yu , Shi Jiayue , Zhang Yaping , Miao Jiajun , Zhao Zhe , Jin Xian , Liu Liang , Yu Lin , Shen Chengxing , Ding Jiandong
Published: December 2019

The intramyocardial injection of colchicine-loaded hydrogel system effectively promoted myocardial repair after infarction while minimizing the systemic toxicity of colchicine.
In situ growth of a 2D/3D mixed perovskite interface layer by seed-mediated and solvent-assisted Ostwald ripening for stable and efficient photovoltaics
Authors: Li Shiqi , Hu Lina , Zhang Chenxi , Wu Yukun , Liu Yifan , Sun Qinjun , Cui Yanxia , Hao Yuying , Wu Yucheng
Published: December 2019

2D/3D mixed perovskites have been recognized as very promising materials for simultaneously achieving high efficiency and stability in solar cells.
Rational design of 2D hierarchically laminated Fe3O4@nanoporous carbon@rGO nanocomposites with strong magnetic coupling for excellent electromagnetic absorption applications
Authors: Xiang Zhen , Xiong Juan , Deng Baiwen , Cui Erbiao , Yu Lunzhou , Zeng Qingwen , Pei Ke , Che Renchao , Lu Wei
Published: December 2019

2D hierarchically laminated Fe3O4@NPC@rGO nanocomposites exhibited excellent electromagnetic absorption owing to their micro-scale 3D magnetic coupling network, hierarchical dielectric carbon network and superior impedance matching.
Be and Bn stars: Balmer discontinuity and stellar-class relationship
Authors: Cochetti Y. R. , Zorec J. , Cidale L. S. , Arias M. L. , Aidelman Y. , Torres A. F. , Frémat Y. , Granada A.
Published: December 2019

Context.A significant number of Be stars show a second Balmer discontinuity (sBD) attributed to an extended circumstellar envelope (CE). The fast rotational velocity of Be stars undoubtedly plays a significant role in the formation of the CE. However, Bn stars, which are also B-type rapidly rotating stars, do not all present clear evidence of being surrounded by circumstellar material.

Aims.We aim to characterize the populations of Be and Bn stars, and discuss the appearance of the sBD as a function of the stellar parameters. We expect to find new indices characterizing the properties of CEs in Be stars and properties relating Be and Bn stars.

Methods.We obtained low- and high-resolution spectra of a sample of Be and Bn stars, derived stellar parameters, characterized the sBD, and measured the emission in the Hαline.

Results.Correlations of the aspect and intensity of the sBD and the emission in the Hαline with the stellar parameters and theVsiniare presented. Some Bn stars exhibit the sBD in absorption, which may indicate the presence of rather dense CEs. Six Bn stars show emission in the Hαline, so they are reclassified as Be stars. The sBD in emission appears in Be stars withVsini≲ 250 km s−1, and in absorption in both Be and Bn stars withVsini≳ 50 km s−1. Low-mass Be and Bn stars share the same region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. The distributions of rotational to critical velocity ratios of Be and Bn stars corresponding to the current stellar evolutionary stage are similar, while distributions inferred for the zero-age main sequence have different skewness.

Conclusions.We found emission in the Hαline and signs of a CE in some Bn stars, which motivated us to think that Bn and Be stars probably belong to the same population. It should be noted that some of the most massive Bn stars could display the Be phenomenon at any time. The similarities found among Be and Bn stars deserve to be more deeply pursued.
Implants Placement in Contact with Dental Tissue: A Potential Paradigm Shift? Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Labidi Amel , Bekri Sana , Mansour Lamia , Ghoul-Mazgar Sonia
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the literature for clinical and histological data of an unconventional treatment with implants placement in contact with dental tissue (IPICDT) and to try to clarify its indications and surgical procedure particularities.Relevant publications published until May 2019 on the IPICDT were thoroughly reviewed. Search strategy was developed using a controlled vocabulary combination.Medline’s exploration and manual research identified 397 articles; 15 of these were selected after screening. IPICDT was indicated in three clinical situations: impacted teeth, ankylosed teeth, or residual roots. Clinical and radiological follow-up were satisfied except for implants placed in contact with (and not through) roots. Histological analysis revealed different mineralized tissues formed on the implant surface: cementum on removed implants in human and osteodentin on implants placed in contact with animal teeth dentin and pulp. These findings were described as new concept of implants’ “Mineral integration.”According to this study, the follow-up results of implants placed in contact with roots were controversial. Some implants were stable and others were either removed or kept and disinfected after root extraction because of bacterial infection. However, implants placed through ankylosed or impacted teeth were stable. These findings suggest that the clinicians have to be cautious when applying this unconventional approach. Further studies are recommended to explore its long follow-up. It is also interesting to explore this technique in cases of syndromic dental diseases with several impacted teeth (such as cleidocranial dysplasia; or amelogenesis imperfecta).
Nonprescription Bleaching versus Home Bleaching with Professional Prescriptions: Which One is Safer? A Comprehensive Review of Color Changes and Their Side Effects on Human Enamel
Authors: Omar Farhana , Ab-Ghani Zuryati , Rahman Normastura Abd , Halim Mohamad Syahrizal
Published: December 2019

Objectives This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the professionally prescribed and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents.

Materials and Methods Extracted human upper central incisors were prepared and stained with red wine for 14 days before being subjected to four different bleaching agents: professionally prescribed opalescence PF 15%, VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, nonprescription OTC Crest 3D Whitestrips, and Whitelight Teeth Whitening System. Colorimetric measurement was performed with Vita Easyshade Handheld Spectrophotometer, enamel surface microhardness measured using Vickers Hardness machine, and surface roughness was evaluated with profilometer, before and after bleaching. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation and atomic force microscopy were conducted postbleaching.

Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed with t-test, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Turkey’s test at a significance level of 5%.

Results All bleaching products have the same efficacy to whiten stained enamel. Opalescence PF 15% showed significant increase in the microhardness (92.69 ± 68.316). All groups demonstrated significant increase in surface roughness (p < 0.05). SEM evaluation showed that Opalescence PF 15% resulted in same microscopic appearance as unbleached enamel, while VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, Whitelight Teeth Whitening System and Crest 3D Whitestrips demonstrated mild to moderate irregularities and accentuated irregularities, respectively.

Conclusion Professionally prescribed bleaching agent of Opalescence PF 15% is effective tin whitening the teeth, while the other bleaching products may be effective but also have deleterious effects on the enamel.
Apical Transportation and Centering Ability After Root Canal Filling Removal Using Reciprocating and Continuous Rotary Systems: A CBCT Study
Authors: Arruda Etienny da Silva , Sponchiado-Júnior Emílio Carlos , Pandolfo Mariana Travi , Fredson Márcio Acris de Carvalho , Roberi Garcia Lucas da Fonseca , Marques André Augusto Franco
Published: December 2019

Objective To evaluate the apical transportation and centering ability promoted by reciprocating and continuous rotary systems after root canal filling removal.

Materials and Methods After obturation, 40 mesial root canals of mandibular molars were distributed into four groups (n = 20) for filling material removal: PTU group–F2 instrument (25.08) of ProTaper Universal system; R25 group–R25 instrument (25.08) of Reciproc system; X2 group–X2 instrument (25.06) of ProTaper Next system and X3 group–X2 instrument (25.06) of ProTaper Next system, followed by X3 instrument (30.07). Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis was performed before and after filling material removal for acquisition of apical images. Apical transportation (AT) and its direction, and centering ability (CA), were assessed using the equations AT = (X1–X2)–(Y1–Y2) and CA = (X1–X2/Y1–Y2 or Y1–Y2/X1–X2), respectively. Data were submitted to the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05) for statistical analysis.

Results There was no statistically significant difference among groups for AT (p > 0.05), with a tendency toward transportation in the distal direction. Also, there was no statistically significant difference among groups regarding CA (p > 0.05).

Conclusions The different systems, including ProTaper Next, caused AT within the acceptable clinical limit after filling removal. In addition, none of the tested systems presented adequate CA.
Situs inversus totalis - a case report
Authors: Dutta Malamoni , Sarma Joydev
Published: December 2019

Situs inversus is a congenital positional anomaly characterized by transposition of abdominal viscera and when associated with right sided heart (Dextrocardia) is referred to as Situs inversus totalis. It is not so uncommon congenital positional anomaly but can be a diagnostic problem at times. The case was detected in the Department of Anatomy, Gauhati Medical College during the routine dissection. Situs inversus was first described by Aristotle in animals and by Fabricius in humans. Its incidence has been reported between 1 in 4000 to 20,000 live births. The exact etiology is unknown but Autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance have been reported. It can also occur in association with syndromes such as Kartagener syndrome or Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). Many people with situs inversus totalis are unaware of their unusual anatomy until they seek medical attention for any condition.
Variant course of right vertebral artery - a case report
Authors: D. Nirmala , Gupta Anjali
Published: December 2019

The Vertebral artery is the first branch of subclavian artery. It is an important source of blood supply to the brain. During dissection of an adult male cadaver, a unilateral variation in the course of Vertebral artery was found. The right Vertebral artery took origin from the subclavian artery and entered foramen transversarium of fourth cervical vertebra. An understanding of the variability of the Vertebral artery remains most important in angiography & surgical procedures where an incomplete knowledge of its anatomy can lead to complications.
Accessory spleen - In clinical perspective
Authors: Nivargi Shubha , R. Kirankumar , Kulkarni Umesh , Hukkeri V B
Published: December 2019

Accessory spleen is a developmental anomaly of spleen with an incidence of 10-30% of the population. During routine cadaveric dissection in the department of Anatomy, BIMS, Belgaum, a case of accessory spleen was found in a middle aged female cadaver. The accessory spleen was located in the gastrosplenic ligament with size less than 3 cm in diameter. The embryological basis of this splenic anomaly and its clinical implications are discussed in this article.
Study of clavicle : length and curvatures in South Indian population
Authors: Sudha R.
Published: December 2019

Background and aim of the study: The clavicle is a subcutaneous bone most frequently fractured at the junction of its lateral and middle third of the shaft. Anatomical variations of the curvatures of clavicle can be of relevance for surgical correction procedures like intramedullary or internal plate fixation. The aim of the present study was to observe variations of length and medial and lateral angles of curvatures of the clavicle in a sample of South Indian population. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen unpaired clavicles (50 left side, 63 right side) of unknown sex and age were studied from the bone collection available at Anatomy departments of Annapoorana Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Medical and Homeopathy Colleges, Salem. To measure the angles, Parsons method and a protractor was used. Length of the clavicle was measured with a Vernier Calipers. Observation: The average length of the clavicle was found to be 13.74cm left side and 13.76cm on the right side. The average medial angle of the clavicle on the left side is 146° and right side is147.5°. The average lateral angle on the left side is 144° and right side is 142.05°.The total average angle of the clavicle is 290.30° on left side and 289.59° on right side. Conclusion: The average length of the clavicle on the right side is more than the left side. The medial angle on the right side and the lateral angle on left side are more than corresponding opposite sides. These variations can be useful for the orthopaedic surgeons during the surgical correction procedures of clavicle fractures.
Variations in palmar dermatoglyphics among congenital deaf cases: a comparative study
Authors: Suresh B S , Y. Raghavendra A
Published: December 2019

Background: Dermatoglyphics, the scientific study of the origin, development and variation of dermal ridges and patterns on the fingers, palms and soles have been employed to observe association with many congenital defects and genetic diseases. Congenital deafness refers to a hearing loss which is believed to have been present since birth. A congenitally deaf child is also a mute because for normal speech to develop in a child, hearing sensation must be intact. Materials and methods: The study involved 100 congenital deaf and mute children of age groups ranging from 7 years to 20 years. Out of them 50 were males and 50 females. The following parameters were considered after collecting the prints : Digital patterns, digital counts, a-b ridge count (which is done by counting the ridges found at the intersect between point 'a'- the base of the index finger to point 'b' - the base of the middle finger), 'atd' (angle made by connecting the 'a', 't'and'd' triradii points on the palm and 'dat' angles (angle made by joining the 'd', 'a' and 't' triradii points on the palm). Results: The study revealed considerable decrease in mean TFRC(Total finger ridge count), AFRC(Absolute finger ridge count) and mean ridge count in both male and female deaf cases. The mean atd angle in both cases were increased. The mean (a-b) ridge counts were decreased in both male and female deaf cases. Qualitative analysis revealed increase in arches and decrease in whorls of all cases. Conclusion: The present study reveals the differences in the dermatoglyphic patterns in congenital deaf cases. The results of this study could be of great importance to clinicians with respect to genetical basis in the identification of the cases at early stages.
A study of variations of sacral hiatus of dry human sacra in north interior Karnataka region
Authors: Shinde Vijaykumar , Bhusaraddi P S
Published: December 2019

Background and aims: The shape of sacral hiatus is known to show a number of anatomical variations. The shape and extent of sacral hiatus is important because in caudal epidural anaesthesia, the approach is made through sacral hiatus. The detailed anatomical knowledge of variations of sacral hiatus is very helpful to the anaesthetists to increase the success rate of caudal anaesthesia. The present study is an attempt to find out variations of sacral hiatus in north interior Karnataka region. Materials and methods: For the present study, one hundred dry human sacra obtained from north interior Karnataka region were used. Results: The inverted U shaped sacral hiatus was most common (56%). Inverted V shaped sacral hiatus was found in 24% of sacra. The other variations like irregular shaped hiatus (10%), bifid hiatus (2%), dumbbell shaped hiatus (5%), complete spina bifida (1%) and absent hiatus (2%) were also found. Conclusion: Abnormal shapes of sacral hiatus like irregular, bifid, dumbbell, completespina bifida and absent hiatus were seen in 20%of total 100 sacra belonging to north interior Karnataka.
Reliable long-term performance assessment of commercial photovoltaic modules tested under field conditions over 5 years
Authors: Kraus Peter , Massué Cyriac , Heumann Saskia , Schlögl Robert
Published: December 2019

Due to their scalability and global abundance of sunlight, photovoltaic panels are a promising option as a renewable energy source. Implementation of photovoltaic technologies on a large scale requires a careful business-case assessment, aimed at the selection of the technological option most appropriate for the local conditions in terms of long-term performance. For this purpose, five types of modules representative of current options on the market were tested under field conditions for five years at a test facility in Germany. The degradation rates of module performance were computed from the obtained photovoltaic power normalized by both recorded and modeled solar irradiance. The results emphasize the relevance of using modeled irradiance data in addition to recorded solar irradiance in order to extract reliable degradation rates. The available methodological tools still have to be adapted to every dataset for the most accurate result. Eventually, robust degradation rates were extracted from experimental power data, based on modeled clear-sky irradiance, and a combination of aggregation and regression strategies. The results show distinctive degradation behaviors of the five available commercial photovoltaic modules in response to the local conditions.
Sequential phase transitions and transient structured fluctuations in two-dimensional systems with a high-density Kagome lattice phase
Authors: Nowack Linsey , Rice Stuart A.
Published: December 2019

We report studies of (i) the isothermal density dependent sequences of phases in two-dimensional systems of particles with repulsive pair potentials devised by Truskett [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 054901 (2016)] and Torquato [Phys. Rev. E 88, 042309 (2013)] to support a high-density Kagome lattice phase and (ii) transient structured fluctuations close to a transition to a Kagome lattice. The commonalities in the sequences of phases in these systems and other 2D systems suggest the existence of a universal mechanism driving all to favor similar packing arrangements as the density is increased, but the simulations also show that the only such general rule proposed, namely, the Süto theorem, is not a necessary condition for the support of multiple distinct lattice structures by a particular pair potential. The transient fluctuations in the liquid close to the liquid-to-Kagome phase transition have Kagome symmetry, whereas deeper in the liquid phase, the fluctuations have hexagonal symmetry. When the transition is string-to-Kagome phase, the transient structured fluctuations in the string phase have both six-fold and other than six-fold symmetries. The path of the string-to-Kagome transition in the Truskett system involves intermediate honeycomb configurations that subsequently buckle to form a Kagome lattice. The path of the string-to-Kagome transition in the Torquato system suggests that the Kagome phase is formed by coiled strings merging together; increasing density generates a Kagome phase with imperfections such as 8-particle rings.
Charge-transfer plasmons with narrow conductive molecular bridges: A quantum-classical theory
Authors: Fedorov A. S. , Krasnov P. O. , Visotin M. A. , Tomilin F. N. , Polyutov S. P. , Ågren H.
Published: December 2019

We analyze a new type of plasmon system arising from small metal nanoparticles linked by narrow conductive molecular bridges. In contrast to the well-known charge-transfer plasmons, the bridge in these systems consists only of a narrow conductive molecule or polymer in which the electrons move in a ballistic mode, showing quantum effects. The plasmonic system is studied by an original hybrid quantum-classical model accounting for the quantum effects, with the main parameters obtained from first-principles density functional theory simulations. We have derived a general analytical expression for the modified frequency of the plasmons and have shown that its frequency lies in the near-infrared (IR) region and strongly depends on the conductivity of the molecule, on the nanoparticle–molecule interface, and on the size of the system. As illustrated, we explored the plasmons in a system consisting of two small gold nanoparticles linked by a conjugated polyacetylene molecule terminated by sulfur atoms. It is argued that applications of this novel type of plasmon may have wide ramifications in the areas of chemical sensing and IR deep tissue imaging.
Microwave induced tunable subharmonic steps in superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor Josephson junction
Authors: Nashaat M. , Shukrinov Yu. M. , Irie A. , Ellithi A. Y. , El Sherbini Th. M.
Published: December 2019

We investigate the coupling between ferromagnet and superconducting phase dynamics in superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor Josephson junction. The current-voltage characteristics of the junction demonstrate a pattern of subharmonic current steps which forms a devil’s staircase structure. We show that a width of the steps becomes maximal at ferromagnetic resonance. Moreover, we demonstrate that the structure of the steps and their widths can be tuned by changing the frequency of the external magnetic field, ratio of Josephson to magnetic energy, Gilbert damping and the junction size.
Localized magnetic non-uniformities in an antiferromagnet with a system of dislocations
Authors: Kireev V. E. , Ivanov B. A.
Published: December 2019

In the crystal lattice of an antiferromagnet, dislocations are the origin of specific lines in the field of antiferromagnetic vector I, resembling disclinations in the field of the vector-director for nematic liquid crystals. A single atomic dislocation creates a delocalized non-uniform state – a spin disclination. A “compensated” system of dislocations, a closed dislocation loop in a three-dimensional antiferromagnet or a pair of point dislocations in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet, are shown to form a localized spin non-uniformity, similar to a soliton. For an isotropic or easy-plane antiferromagnet the shape of these solitons is ellipsoidal or circular in three- or two-dimensional cases, respectively. The geometry of a lattice defect differs from that of a soliton; for example, a planar lattice defect, a dislocation loop, produces a nearly spherical three-dimensional spin non-uniformity. In the presence of in-plane anisotropy, a domain wall forms in the easy-plane and ends on the dislocation line (points).
Optimized antiangiogenic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment potentiates CD40 immunotherapy
Authors: Kashyap Abhishek S. , Schmittnaegel Martina , Rigamonti Nicolò , Pais-Ferreira Daniela , Mueller Philipp , Buchi Melanie , Ooi Chia-Huey , Kreuzaler Matthias , Hirschmann Petra , Guichard Alan , Rieder Natascha , Bill Ruben , Herting Frank , Kienast Yvonne , Dirnhofer Stefan , Klein Christian , Hoves Sabine , Ries Carola H. , Corse Emily , De Palma Michele , Zippelius Alfred
Published: December 2019

Cancer immunotherapies are increasingly combined with targeted therapies to improve therapeutic outcomes. We show that combination of agonistic anti-CD40 with antiangiogenic antibodies targeting 2 proangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2/ANGPT2), induces pleiotropic immune mechanisms that facilitate tumor rejection in several tumor models. On the one hand, VEGFA/Ang2 blockade induced regression of the tumor microvasculature while decreasing the proportion of nonperfused vessels and reducing leakiness of the remaining vessels. On the other hand, both anti-VEGFA/Ang2 and anti-CD40 independently promoted proinflammatory macrophage skewing and increased dendritic cell activation in the tumor microenvironment, which were further amplified upon combination of the 2 treatments. Finally, combined therapy provoked brisk infiltration and intratumoral redistribution of cytotoxic CD8+T cells in the tumors, which was mainly driven by Ang2 blockade. Overall, these nonredundant synergistic mechanisms endowed T cells with improved effector functions that were conducive to more efficient tumor control, underscoring the therapeutic potential of antiangiogenic immunotherapy in cancer.
Munc13-1 MUN domain and Munc18-1 cooperatively chaperone SNARE assembly through a tetrameric complex
Authors: Shu Tong , Jin Huaizhou , Rothman James E. , Zhang Yongli
Published: December 2019

Significance

Neurons in the brain communicate with each other by release of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitter release is mediated by 3 membrane-anchored SNARE proteins and various regulatory proteins, including Munc13-1 and Munc18-1. SNAREs couple their folding and assembly to membrane fusion in a regulatory protein-dependent manner. The physiological pathway of the regulated SNARE assembly, however, is unclear. We found that the MUN domain of Munc13-1, Munc18-1, and 2 SNAREs—syntaxin 1 and VAMP2—associate into a weak tetrameric complex. The third SNARE protein, SNAP-25B, rapidly binds the 2 SNAREs in the complex to form a ternary SNARE complex likely with a displacement of the regulatory proteins. Therefore, Munc13-1 and Munc18-1 cooperatively chaperone SNARE assembly, a process required for neurotransmitter release.
Microglial IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis regulates neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia and impacts stroke outcomes
Authors: Al Mamun Abdullah , Chauhan Anjali , Qi Shaohua , Ngwa Conelius , Xu Yan , Sharmeen Romana , Hazen Amy L. , Li Jun , Aronowski Jaroslaw A. , McCullough Louise D. , Liu Fudong
Published: December 2019

Significance

Cerebral ischemia is a powerful stimulus to induce pro- and antiinflammatory responses, with the former destructive and the latter reparative in the disease progress. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are the key cells in initiating and perpetuating the poststroke inflammation. If microglial activation after stroke can be controlled, the poststroke inflammation will be quenched and stroke outcomes improved. In this study, we identified a key determinant for microglial pro- and antiinflammatory activation, the IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis. We demonstrated that the manipulation of the axis alters stroke outcomes. This is an important finding, as the IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis potentially provides stroke scientists with a therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke.
Evidence of tool use in a seabird
Authors: Fayet Annette L. , Hansen Erpur Snær , Biro Dora
Published: December 2019

Documenting novel cases of tool use in wild animals can inform our understanding of the evolutionary drivers of the behavior’s emergence in the natural world. We describe a previously unknown tool-use behavior for wild birds, so far only documented in the wild in primates and elephants. We observed 2 Atlantic puffins at their breeding colonies, one in Wales and the other in Iceland (the latter captured on camera), spontaneously using a small wooden stick to scratch their bodies. The importance of these observations is 3-fold. First, while to date only a single form of body-care-related tool use has been recorded in wild birds (anting), our finding shows that the wild avian tool-use repertoire is wider than previously thought and extends to contexts other than food extraction. Second, we expand the taxonomic breadth of tool use to include another group of birds, seabirds, and a different suborder (Lari). Third, our independent observations span a distance of more than 1,700 km, suggesting that occasional tool use may be widespread in this group, and that seabirds’ physical cognition may have been underestimated.
A review on ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys
Authors: Ni Z. L. , Yang J. J. , Li S. , Wang X. X. , Ye F. X.
Published: December 2019

As a solid state joining process, ultrasonic spot welding has been proven to be a promising technique for joining copper alloys. However, challenges still remain in employing ultrasonic spot welding to join copper alloys. This article comprehensively reviews the current state of ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys with a number of critical issues including materials flow, plastic deformation, temperature distribution, vibration, relative motion, vertical displacement, interface friction coefficient, online monitoring technique, coupled with the macrostructure and microstructure, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In addition, the future trends in this field are provided.
Conceptual design of a high temperature superconducting magnet for a particle physics experiment in space
Authors: Dam Magnus , Battiston Roberto , Burger William Jerome , Carpentiero Rita , Chesta Enrico , Iuppa Roberto , Rijk Gijs de , Rossi Lucio
Published: December 2019

In the frame of a collaboration between CERN, ASI, University of Trento, and TIFPA, the HTS demonstrator magnet for space project has started to define methods and procedures for manufacturing high temperature superconducting magnets for space applications. To this purpose, we developed a conceptual design of a superconducting magnetic spectrometer for a physics experiment in space. The configuration is a toroid with twelve superconducting coils based on ReBCO tape. By using ReBCO tape with an engineering critical current density, J
e, exceeding 1000 A mm−2 at

4.2

K

and

20

T

, as reached in the H2020-ARIES program, the magnet system provides an average bending strength of

3

T

m

. This is sufficient to measure charged particles with rigidities up to

100

TV

, more than two orders of magnitude higher than the present state-of-the-art space spectrometer. The magnet system requires about

62

km

of

12

mm

ReBCO tape and produces a peak magnetic field of

11.9

T

at an operating temperature of

20

K

. A small scale single coil, which is about one third in size of a coil from the toroidal magnet system, will be manufactured and tested as demonstrator of the magnet technology. The mechanical structure and performance of the toroidal magnet system and demonstrator coil are described.
Research on Distributed Target Assignment Based on Dynamic Allocation Auction Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Haobo , Li Song , Lin Chi , Wang Chuang , Zhong Kaiqi , He Guannan , Zhang Qizhi , Zhao Yuanhao , Liu Jiayi
Published: December 2019

Under the premise of many types and large numbers of targets, how to solve the problem of rational allocation of dynamic multi-objectives has always been a hot issue for experts and scholars. In this paper, a distributed target allocation method based on dynamic allocation auction algorithm is used to solve this kind of problem. This paper establishes a mathematical model based on air defense combat, and uses this method to solve the problem. Finally, the effectiveness and real-time performance are proved by simulation.
Research on target assignment method based on ant colony-fish group algorithm
Authors: Jiang Haobo , Li Song , Lin Chi , Wang Chuang , Tian Guilin , Wang Siyuan , Zhong Kaiqi , Li Jiakun
Published: December 2019

Target assignment problem has always been the focus of scholars. The solution of target problem belongs to classical mathematical problem. This paper combines ant colony algorithm with artificial fish swarm algorithm by understanding intelligent algorithm. The concept of crowding degree is introduced into fish swarm algorithm. In the early stage of the algorithm, the dispersion is large, avoiding premature maturity. In the later stage, the convergence speed of the algorithm is faster and the time is saved. Compared with other algorithms, the hybrid algorithm has the characteristics of strong optimization ability and fast speed.
Modeling static microstructure of shape memory alloy via Legendre wavelets collocation method
Authors: He Xuan , Du Haoyuan , Ying Zixiang , Wang Linxiang , Melnik Roderick
Published: December 2019

The static microstructures of square-to-rectangular phase transformations are modeled in the current paper. Governing equations are described by the static Navier equations. The analysis of the simulation has been finished via Legendre wavelets collocation method. Microstructure evolutions of both 2D and 1D shape memory alloy (SMA) are capture well with a certain boundary condition and given mechanical loadings.
Automated model generation for electronic devices using neural network approaches
Authors: Zhang Q J , Na W , Li M , Ding Q , Wu G
Published: December 2019

This paper describes artificial neural network approaches to convert the conventionally expensive process of electronic modelling into an automated model generation process. Artificial neural networks are trained using machine learning algorithm to learn the electronic behaviour, and the trained neural network becomes a model to help predict the electronic device behaviour. The automated model generation algorithm performs adaptive data sampling to determine the amount and the distribution of training data needed to train neural networks. The algorithm also determines the number of hidden neurons needed to achieve a compact and accurate model. Also incorporated into the automated model generation method is an efficient interpolation approach to make the process much faster. The objective of the described method is to generate a compact neural-network based model with better accuracy and in less time than conventional approach. Examples of automated modeling of radio-frequency and microwave filters used in wireless electronic systems are described showing the advantage of this technique.
Applications of a robust particle tracking velocimetry algorithm in the multiple-parametric measuring system for coal exploration industry
Authors: Xue Weifeng , Wu Changsong , Wang Sujian , Ji Ruijun , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2019

With the gradual increase in the average exploration depth of domestic coal industry, the conflict between deep coal exploration technology and exploration requirements is becoming increasingly prominent. A series of exploration disaster accidents caused by geological disasters require a high level of survey technology before the deep coal exploration. In this study, a high-resolution single hole measuring system for aquifers in coal seam is proposed. The entire system can be divided into two parts: hardware and software. The hardware probe integrates various sensors for different physical parameters using optical fibre to communicate with the controlling part above the ground. The home-made software is then used to receive and process the signals of temperature, pressure and orientation, as well as the instantaneous image sequence of aquifer with flowing contaminants. A home-made novel particle tracking velocimetry algorithm based on Voronoi diagram is used as the core algorithm to analyse the image sequence and obtain the magnitude and direction of flow at the measuring spot of aquifer. After practical tests, the system is confirmed to be able to effectively monitor the hydrological conditions of the aquifer in coal seam. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the evaluation of hydrogeological conditions before well establishment for coal-exploration and to the prevention of potential dangers during the exploration work.
The method to annotate buildings with images from CCTV cameras with an intersecting field of view
Authors: Nazarenko N V , Bekasov D E
Published: December 2019

Video surveillance and tracking systems help to increase the safety of human activity in a given area and improve detecting the geo-location of an observer (a swarm of drones, autopilot) in modern cities. This article proposes the method for determining the full or partial address (annotation) of buildings by using images from several CCTV cameras with an intersecting field of view. As input parameters, the method takes several images from surveillance cameras, their geographical coordinates and directions of the optical axes and the vector map of the area where the cameras are located. The outputs are annotations of buildings for the initial images. The proposed method allows solving the problem of georeferencing the video analytics system and improving the work of the surveillance and object tracking systems. The resulting annotations of buildings provide an opportunity to determine more accurately the situations with overlapping of the tracked objects with buildings and predict the probable paths of the objects. A lost object on one camera can be found by using annotations from other cameras, which field of view is not overlapped by this building. Besides, the proposed ap0070roach is sustainable to full or partial overlapping of buildings and allows solving to solve the problem in the absence of a detailed height map of the terrain and buildings. Also, the article researches the restrictions of the method. It is necessary to find an angle between two cameras, at which the best result can be achieved. That is, the method should return the correct addresses of all buildings visible in the image.
Research on infrastructure of cloud computing for power application
Authors: Qin Hao
Published: December 2019

The key development directions of state grid corporation of China, such as smart grid and centralized data centre, all put forward a lot of demands for cloud computing. In general, it is necessary to build a more flexible, convenient and secure information support platform through cloud computing virtualization, distributed, parallel computing and other technical means. Finally let hardware, software to the direction of centralized service evolution.
Compared Analysis of Calculation and Simulation on Heat Transfer Characteristics in PCM Heat Exchange Unit, Part II: Thermal Release Process
Authors: Xu Guizhi , Hu Xiao , Liu Shaoming , Deng Zhanfeng , Zhao Qingqi , Tang Meng , Chen Changnian
Published: December 2019

In this part, the thermal release processes of PCM phase change in the same energy storage unit are analyzed, and the PCM unit model is the same as in Part I: channel number is 39, the plate spacing is 0.01 m, the air channel is 40 with its plate spacing of 0.003 m, and the unit length is total of 1.62 m. MATLAB solution about the above PCM energy storage unit was performed according to the model and physical property data, and the numerical simulation was carried out by using Fluent software as well. The theoretical calculation and numerical simulation were compared and analyzed. For the release process, it also can be seen that only in the case of smaller or larger flow rate working conditions, the solution results of MATLAB for the changing rate of the average temperature of the phase change material inside the system is quite different from the FLUENT simulation result; the total results are very similar to thermal storage process. When the flow rate is higher, the difference between the two results is even smaller than the release process; the comparison result of the PCM liquid rate is different under the small flow rate condition, and this is obvious for the release process, especially under the condition of small flow rate. However, also the maximum error does not exceed 10%. Conclusion can be drown that the flow rate conditions in the model and working conditions are the important factors for affecting the compared results, but the calculation and simulation results can more accurately describe the thermal release characteristics of the PCM phase change energy storage unit, which was calculated in nearly 90% ranges of working conditions, which furtherly illustrates the effectiveness of analytical method used in this paper.
Repetitive floods intensify outmigration and climate gentrification in coastal cities
Authors: de Koning Koen , Filatova Tatiana
Published: December 2019

Recent floods in America, Europe, Asia and Africa reminded societies across the world of the need to revisit their climate adaptation strategies. Rapid urbanization coinciding with a growing frequency and intensity of floods requires transformative actions in cities worldwide. While abandoning flood prone areas is sometimes discussed as a public climate adaptation option, little attention is paid to studying cumulative impacts of outmigration as an individual choice. To explore the aggregated consequences of households’ outmigration decisions in response to increasing flood hazards, we employ a computational agent-based model grounded in empirical heuristics of buyers’ and sellers’ behaviour in a flood-prone housing market. Our results suggest that pure market-driven processes can cause shifts in demographics in climate-sensitive hotspots placing low-income households further at risk. They get trapped in hazard zones, even when individual risk perceptions and behavioural location preferences are independent of income, suggesting increasing climate gentrification as an outcome of market sorting.
Integrated approach in determining priority environmental issues in Medan City North Sumatra Province
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Perdinan  , Dewi N W S P , Kurniawan H
Published: December 2019

Medan City is one of the largest cities in Indonesia. Geographically, Medan City is located between coordinates 2° 27’ – 2° 47’ North Latitude and 98 35’ – 98° 44’ East Longitude. The regional government of Medan is currently carrying out various efforts to overcome environmental problems in Medan City. This study aimed to analyze priority issues that need to be addressed in Medan City. This study was conducted from May to October 2018. The research consisted of several stages of activities, namely: desk review, public consultation with stakeholders, and data analysis. The desk review was conducted to examine various regulations and documents related to the management of Medan’s natural and environmental resources and the environmental problems of Medan City. Public consultation with stakeholders was carried out with focus group discussions (FGD), filling out online questionnaires, and auditing with stakeholders. Priority issues were analyzed using theDriving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response(DPSIR) approach. Based on an integrated approach, the main issues obtained were the main problems in Medan, namely: Garbage, Water quality and quantity, and Air quality. The three main issues require rapid handling to prevent environmental damage in Medan City.
Improve the efficiency of the energy services at national electricity company (PLN) using data envelopment analysis (DEA)
Authors: Hendrik  , Pangala J R
Published: December 2019

The indicators of economic improvement in energy efficiency have been measured and evaluated globally, one of them was the consumption of energy. However, in Indonesia, the increase in energy efficiency has not been optimally improved in terms of energy consumption, especially for fossil fuel energy consumption and GHG emission. This was caused by the energy resources which was heavily relied on coal-fired power generation and imported crude oil. This paper proposed a solution by providing a good energy efficiency measurement based on the well-developed DEA technique. This study was aimed to provide acceptable energy efficiency, especially any single rupiah of the GRDP produced the people had to consume energy in Indonesia. Thus, optimizing energy efficiency was a key to reduce import dependency, support the green economy, and bring down costs for consumers. This research used input-oriented DEA based on the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model to assess the efficiency scores of PLN in Indonesia implemented in the period 2017. The result revealed that the consumption of energy that any single rupiah of GRDP produced, the provinces at Jawa, Bali, Sumatra, Papua, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara had to consume energy more than one at Kalimantan and Sulawesi. Based on this study, fossil fuel energy consumption and GHG emissions performance in PLN were very crucial for the future of energy assessment in Indonesia.