bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Prototypes Shape Perceptions of and Responses to Sexual Harassment
Authors: Kaiser Cheryl R. , Bandt-Law Bryn , Cheek Nathan N. , Schachtman Rebecca
Published: May 2022

We provide a model describing how the narrow prototype of women as having conventionally feminine attributes and identities serves as a barrier to perceiving sexual harassment and appropriately responding to sexual-harassment claims when the victims of harassment do not resemble this prototype. We review research documenting that this narrow prototype of women overlaps with mental representations of sexual-harassment targets. The prototype of women harms women who diverge from this prototype: Their experiences with sexual harassment are less likely to be perceived as such, and they experience more negative interpersonal, organizational, and legal consequences when they experience harassment. Perceptions of sexual harassment are the catalyst by which sexual harassment is recognized and remedied. Thus, narrow gender prototypes may impede the promise and potential of civil rights laws and antiharassment policy.
Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acupuncture during hospitalization: a three-arm double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Levy Ilana , Elimeleh Yotam , Gavrieli Sagi , Attias Samuel , Schiff Ariel , Oliven Arie , Schiff Elad
Published: May 2022

Background:

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are a healthcare burden. Acupuncture improves dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but, to the best of our knowledge, has not been tested in AECOPD. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of true acupuncture added to standard of care (SOC), as compared with both sham procedure plus SOC and SOC only, for the treatment of AECOPD among inpatients.

Methods:

This double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial was set in a tertiary hospital in Israel. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of AECOPD were assigned to true acupuncture with SOC, sham procedure with SOC or SOC only. The primary outcome was dyspnea improvement as measured daily by the validated modified Borg (mBorg) scale. Secondary outcomes included improvement of other patient-reported outcomes and physiologic features, as well as duration of hospitalization and treatment failure. Acupuncture-related side effects were evaluated by the validated Acup-AE questionnaire.

Results:

Seventy-two patients were randomized: 26 to acupuncture treatment, 24 to sham and 22 to SOC only arms. Baseline characteristics were similar in the three groups. A statistically significant difference in dyspnea intensity was found from the first day of evaluation after treatment (p = 0.014) until day 3 after treatment. Similar results were found for sputum production, but no statistical significance was found when comparing physiologic features between the three arms. Acupuncture was not associated with adverse events.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture seems to be efficacious in the treatment of AECOPD among inpatients hospitalized in internal medicine departments.

Trial registration number:

NCT03398213 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Comprehensive review on polymer composites as electromagnetic interference shielding materials
Authors: Shahapurkar Kiran , Gelaw Mengistu , Tirth Vineet , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M , Shahapurkar Pavan , Mujtaba MA , MC Kiran , Ahmed Gulam Mohammed Sayeed
Published: May 2022

Modern electronic devices need effective shielding from external Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to function correctly. The Electromagnetic (EM) waves emerging from communication systems and medical devices must be isolated to safeguard humans from exposure. The mechanics of EMI shielding as well as several characterization methods are discussed in this paper. Existing trends and practices of designing, fabrication and use of polymer matrix composites for EMI shielding applications are covered. Several approaches and new solutions for fabricating composites either by modification of filler or matrix are discussed and prominent features of EMI shielding material are also discussed. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene make them adept for EMI shielding applications. An assessment of the different factors affecting the performance of EMI shielding materials is also presented.
Spontaneous ethics in nurses’ willingness to work during a pandemic
Authors: Slettmyr Anna , Schandl Anna , Andermo Susanne , Arman Maria
Published: May 2022

Background: In modern healthcare, the role of solidarity, altruism and the natural response to moral challenges in life-threatening situations is still rather unexplored. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to obtain a deeper understanding of nurses’ willingness to care for patients during crisis.

Objective: To elucidate clinical expressions of ontological situational ethics through nurses’ willingness to work during a pandemic.

Research design, participants and context: A qualitative study with an interpretive design was applied. Twenty nurses who worked in intensive care unit at two Swedish hospitals during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed. The analysis was interpretative and applied a theoretical ethics perspective.

Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Findings: From a philosophical perspective, the nurses expressed sovereign life expressions of mercy and compassion, which arose spontaneously in response to seeing vulnerable fellow humans. They referenced ‘‘the nurse inside me’’ and their choice of profession as motives to provide care. Ontological situational ethics in culture and norms were noted in the constructs of competence, responsibility, solidarity with colleagues and organization; and interest and learning were driving forces. Ethical demand was evident when nurses expressed ideas of meaningfulness in helping their fellow humans; but themes of ambiguity, exhaustion and unwillingness were also present.

Conclusions: The nurses showed a high willingness to care for patients during a crisis. Responding to the ethical demand and to care for vulnerable human beings while risking their own health and lives could be interpreted as an inter-human vocation. These spontaneous altruistic actions saved the lives of many patients during the pandemic and need to be understood and supported
Moral distress among critical care nurses: A cross-cultural comparison
Authors: Ashida Kaoru , Kawashima Tetsuharu , Kawakami Aki , Tanaka Makoto
Published: May 2022

Background

Although, moral distress presents a serious problem among critical care nurses in many countries, limited research has been conducted on it. A validated scale has been developed to evaluate moral distress and has enabled cross-cultural comparison for seeking its root causes.

Research aims

This study aimed to (1) clarify the current status of moral distress among nurses who worked in critical care areas in Japan, (2) compare the moral distress levels among nurses in Japan with previously reported results from the United States (US), and (3) explore the factors associated with moral distress.

Research design

A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted.

Participants and research context

We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey using the Measure of Moral Distress–Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) among critical care nurses who were randomly selected from hospitals across Japan. The mean differences between the two countries were compared using a Student's t-test with summary statistics. The factors associated with higher levels of moral distress were examined using a multiple regression analysis.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University (approval nos. M2018-214 and M2019-045).

Results

We obtained 955 valid responses from 94 facilities. In Japan, the items with the highest moral distress scores were those related to aggressive/inappropriate treatment. The total MMD-HP score was significantly higher in Japanese nurses compared to US nurses (122.8 ± 70.8 vs 112.3 ± 73.2). Some factors, such as leadership experience, were associated with higher moral distress.

Discussion

The top root causes of moral distress were similar to potentially inappropriate treatments in both countries.

Conclusion

This study revealed the factors associated with higher moral distress and its characteristics in each country. These results can be used for reducing moral distress in the future.
Seeing Through Rose-tinted Glass: Exploring Forms of Self-deception Through Students Substance Usage Beliefs
Authors: Gopang Meroona , Siyal Abdul Waheed , Umrani Sumera
Published: May 2022

Recently, there has been increasing growth in the use of substance amongst the youth especially in higher education institutions of Pakistan. Literature indicates the existence of self-deception in substance users through self-reports. However, a dearth of qualitative exploration leads us to investigate self-deception through lived experiences of students who use the substance. The aim of the current study is to explore the phenomenon of self-deception through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Smith et al. (2009) interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized as a method for data collection. The investigators deployed semi-structured interview guide designed through the interview protocol framework. Four themes that emerged from the data were (i) denial, where users exhibited persistent denial from negative effects of the substance; (ii) overconfidence, an illusionary aspect of substance users through elevated self-esteem; (iii) rationalization, where substance users frequently rationalized their usage through multiple attributions, such as family environment, cultural beliefs and common practices. Moreover; and (iv) awareness about positive and negative consequences of substance use, which highlighted paradoxical nature of substance users that move to and from between negative and positive aspects of substance use. Findings suggest a progressive advancement towards the understanding of the phenomenon of self-deception through its prevalent forms in university students who use the substance.
Big Data Analytics in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: A Review of Literature
Authors: Pawar Prathmesh Vasant , Paluri Ratna Achuta
Published: May 2022

The amount of data produced by different sectors in past few years has seen an exponentially increase. As a result, professionals are struggling to process vital data in this new competitive environment. The main purpose of this research study is to understand, explore and provide important insights in the big data analytics (BDA) implementation in different functions of logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM) by conducting a bibliometric analysis and future review of relevant articles to write a literature review on trends and implementation of BDA. The study performs a literature review based on the understanding of bibliometric analysis to further state the review on application and opportunity BDA in logistics management and supply chain management (SCM). The motive of this research study aims to find the advantages of adopting BDA, study the inadequate research findings which was not mentioned in previous research papers in this field. Further the literature review categorizes the trends and implementation of research topic in nine main functions of logistics as well as SCM. This research study will help the practitioners and academia with insightful observation on research finding, applying and incorporating BDA for managers and supply chain (SC) professional to take decision whether use of analytics will help to improve SC and is in vesting in BDA a good decision. Also, the article indicates the scope of future study by highlighting the trends in use of analytics and how this implementation in various functions of SC can be further studied based upon the research gap and future direction. This article is unique in terms on conducting bibliometric study since the evolution of big data concept, analyze the trends, interpret and further with the process of literature review showcase a theory regarding the use of the analytics technology in logistics and SC domain.
Green Trade Credit and Sustainable Firm Performances During COVID-19: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Fahim Faryal , Mahadi Batiah
Published: May 2022

The modernization of the economic world creates environmental issues around the globe, to improve global problems such as global warming, inequality, climate change, hunger and poverty; it is necessary to improve sustainable performance. Mostly, the product manufacturers have a greater influence on the supply chain and the environment. Before COVID-19, the economy of Pakistan was belligerent but not collapsed; however, COVID-19 created a situation where most of the companies will go bankrupt. Pakistan is considered less developed financially, where extensive growth is predictable in the use of green trade credit demand by firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Thus, the study analyzes the conceptual linkages between trade credit demand and sustainable firm performances through green credit by adopting the theory of RBV and also assesses the role and impact of COVID-19; further, suggest some policies to cope with COVID-19 challenges. Secondary literature is being reviewed after searching electronic databases like Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and JSTOR. This study will help policymakers whenever they need to consider green trade credit decisions. Thus, buyers need to be proactive while adopting green trade credit to compete in this sustainable competitive marketplace.
The Indo-Pacific Consensus: The Past, Present and Future of India’s Vision for the Region
Authors: Pandalai Shruti
Published: May 2022

The view that the concept of the Indo-Pacific is not new nor an aberration has anchored New Delhi’s embrace of this geopolitical reality and the articulation of its central role and vision for this dynamic theatre. This revisiting of history has happened, in New Delhi’s understanding, because of drivers such as globalisation, multipolarity and a recognition by the United States that it needs to work with others to manage the disruptive rise of China, among other global challenges. India has always considered itself an Indo-Pacific actor, given its geographical location, its interests and stakes primarily in the Indian Ocean and increasingly in the pacific, its bilateral partnerships which then see a shared interest in the region, its presence in existent Indo-Pacific bodies spanning the two oceans and its growing role as a provider of net security and preferred maritime security partner for many countries in the Indo-Pacific. This article traces the evolution of the Indo-Pacific in New Delhi’s strategic calculus and its pre-eminence as a theatre of geo-strategic and geo-economic opportunity. It argues that three trends have emerged as distinguishable features, which serve as building blocks of cooperation in the Indo-Pacific today, especially for India: (a) issue-based coalitions driven by function, where flexibility of these configurations remains a strategic asset, (b) like-minded countries working together in overlapping bilateral, minilateral and plurilateral formats to expand global initiatives in a way that they are institutionalised within the national agendas of regional like-minded powers and (c) a focused effort on building capacity of countries in the Indo-Pacific to give them viable alternatives which go beyond binaries formed around ideological and political contestation. Post COVID-19, consolidating the India way in the Indo-Pacific will depend on how India strengthens its domestic capacity and shapes geopolitics at the regional and global levels.
Social, Political and Cultural Remittances: Implications for the Origin and Destination Countries
Authors: Ullah A. K. M. Ahsan , Ferdous Jannatul , Chattoraj Diotima
Published: May 2022

Remittances have been one of the most critical components of the population migration debate. Since migration has been studied academically, the ‘remittance equals cash’ idea has dominated other types of remittances. This study focuses on in-kind remittances, which are transfers of goods and services sent by migrants (other than money) from their destination country. We examined the literature using content analysis. The research investigates how a nation takes shape through the injection of remittances in kind (RK) brought by ‘migrant populations’ of both origins and destinations, using empirical and theoretical evidence. RK are worth considering for a variety of reasons, the most important of which is that they play an essential part in international collectivist development. Second, they highlight the societal effects of migration. Third, they have a chance of gaining public support. With great transformative power, RK has the capacity to alter a nation’s economy, values and lifestyle. This article establishes for the first time, by re-conceptualizing conventional wisdom, that the major development paradigm shift that has occurred in Asia’s economies over the decades has been largely due to the contribution of RK brought and sent to by individuals such as Gandhi in India, Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam, Shinawatra in Thailand, Jose Rizal in the Philippines and Suu Kyi in Myanmar. We conducted qualitative research and relied heavily on secondary data sources. This article delves into a fresh idea about migration and remittances. This is a new addition to the migration and development scholarship.
“That's where you start to think like, does anyone actually listen to or watch women's sport?” Gender Regimes and Students Experiences on Higher Education Sport Courses
Authors: Velija Philippa , Phipps Catherine
Published: May 2022

In this article we apply theoretical tools from the work of Elias and Connell to critically discuss the ways in which gender relations on Higher Education sport courses are manifested and experienced by students. Drawing on data from an analysis of curriculum, as well as interviews, surveys and workshops with students across a range of sport courses at one university, we explore curriculum design and the ways in which knowledge is presented which both marginalises and compartmentalises issues of gender, as well as presenting knowledge as gender neutral. This article provides a critical understanding of how knowledge about gender and women's sport features and is taught in UK Higher Education sport courses, alongside how students experiences in the classroom to provide an understanding which reinforces existing gender regimes and gender relations.
Low geriatric nutritional risk index is a risk factor for death within 1 year following hip fracture
Authors: Fujimoto Yusuke , Setoguchi Takao , Ishidou Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Noboru
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Hip fracture is common in older patients and is associated with high mortality and functional impairment. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) evaluates the risk of malnutrition-related complications, and the Barthel Index (BI) evaluates older patients’ functional status. The study aim was to determine the risk factors for both death and decreased BI within 1 year after hip fracture.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 108 patients who were treated for hip fractures in 10 public or private hospitals from February to July 2007. Participating facilities comprised eight public or private hospitals with 200–499 beds, and two private or orthopedic hospitals with 20–199 beds. We evaluated several risk factors for death and lower BI within 1 year after hip fracture.

Results

The mortality rate within 1 year postoperatively for patients who survived inpatient stay was 6.5% (7/108). The proportion of patients with decreased postoperative BI was 43.6% (44/101). Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that several factors, including low GNRI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.68–0.93]), were risk factors for death within 1 year. Postoperative delirium (OR: 8.84 [1.52–51.6]), postinjury dementia (OR: 34.8 [3.01–402]), preinjury BI (OR: 1.05 [1.02–1.08]), and preinjury dementia (OR: 6.22 [1.73–22.4]) were risk factors for decreased postoperative BI.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that lower GNRI was a risk factor for death within 1 year of hip surgery and that delirium and dementia were among the risk factors for decreased BI 1 year after hip fracture.
Unemployment benefit governance, trade unions and outsider protection in conservative welfare states
Authors: Clegg Daniel , Heins Elke , Rathgeb Philip
Published: May 2022

This article explores the relationship between trade union governance roles in unemployment benefit systems, their power resources and their capacity to counteract liberalising and dualising trends in the labour market in conservative welfare states with compulsory unemployment insurance. Against received wisdom, this article argues that in the 21st century trade unions in continental Europe have generally sought to combat the dualism to which their welfare states and labour markets are institutionally susceptible. In this context, a role in the operation of unemployment benefit systems and related forms of institutional power could help unions to attain the enhanced outsider protection they seek. But different modes of union involvement in public policy produce different levels of institutional power, and help to condition its impact on policy development over time. This article illustrates these points with a comparison of the recent development of labour market policy and regulation in Austria, France and Germany.
When the state goes transnational: The political economy of China’s engagement with Indonesia
Authors: Liu Hong , Lim Guanie
Published: May 2022

Extending the growing literature within international political economy, this article puts forth the notion of transnational state capitalism, taking into account the anaemic growth gripping the global economy since the 2008 economic crisis and China’s massive efforts to export infrastructure following the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. Focussing on the agencies, practices and outcomes of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Rail, one of the largest infrastructure undertakings in Southeast Asia since the BRI’s inception, this article explores how and to what extent state capitalism has shaped the political economy of a rising China in Indonesia. We identify three characteristics of an emerging transnational state capitalism in Southeast Asia: state-centric in its overall direction and operation; simultaneous pursuit of economic-cum-geopolitical interests; and an inability to stem structural weaknesses associated with statist economic directives (which have been further complicated by its intertwining with host state dynamics). Our central argument is that although this project was initially conceived as a business-to-business arrangement, it has increased the appeal of state intervention in a transnational context. The driving forces include Indonesia’s political economy and the Chinese state-owned enterprises’ dual agenda of seeking profits and advancing geopolitical goals. We also argue that the project’s statist nature has brought about some side-effects such as inefficient resource allocation and incumbency bias, thus raising concerns about the vulnerability of state capitalist models. Our findings highlight the importance of conceptualizing the transnational state against the backdrop of a globalizing China, going beyond parochial understandings of this increasingly salient phenomenon.
Paweł Ciompa's econometric theory of bookkeeping
Authors: Sojak Sławomir
Published: May 2022

This study aims to present Paweł Ciompa’s (1867–1913) econometric theory of bookkeeping, associated with the banking sector and vocational education in Galicia, a territory seized by Austria as a result of the partition of Poland. Ciompa presented his theory of bookkeeping in Polish in the work Zarys ekonometryi i teorya buchalterii [An outline of econometrics and the theory of bookkeeping] and in German in Grundrisse einer Oeconometrie und die auf Nationalökonomie aufgebaute Natürliche Theorie der Buchhaltung [An outline of econometrics and the development of a natural theory of bookkeeping based on economics]. Both were published in Lviv in 1910. The concept presented in these works constitutes an original econometric and geometric approach to the description of economic phenomena. It has a didactic value despite the fact that it has not found many followers, and accounting historians find it difficult to place it unambiguously in the research trends of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Effective Implementation Capacity to Impact Change Within State Education Systems to Support Students With Disabilities
Authors: Ward Caryn , Ihlo Tanya , Ryan Jackson Kathleen , Farmer Sophia
Published: May 2022

There is a continued call for the use of practices supported by evidence to improve the quality and effectiveness of services provided for students with disabilities. Despite best intentions, our education systems continue to struggle to adopt these practices and transfer them into consistent, sustained use by practitioners. Implementation science, the multi-disciplinary study of methods and strategies to promote use of research findings in practice, seeks to address this by providing frameworks to guide creation of conditions that facilitate use of evidence-based practices. The present article describes how an implementation science approach, Active Implementation Frameworks, was used by a national technical assistance center to cultivate systemic change and create improved outcomes for students with disabilities within several state, regional, and local education agencies. A summary of the lessons learned thus far and resulting considerations for practice and policy are presented. A key lesson was that state education agencies (SEAs) supporting districts and schools in implementation of a specific, educator–student-level practice realized improved outcomes for their students with disabilities. SEAs implementing frameworks or processes without an operationalized and measurable educator–student- level practice had limited or no evidence of improved student outcomes.
Prediction of Survival Time in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study in Home-Based Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Cui Jiaxin , Tan Lanhui , Fang Pei , An Zifen , Du Jiayi , Yu Liping
Published: May 2022

Background: There is a large group of patients suffering from lung cancer and receiving home hospice care in China. However, little is known about the prediction of their survival time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether quality of life independently predicts survival among advanced lung cancer survivors who are receiving home-based palliative care. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 937 advanced lung cancer patients who had received home-based palliative care between March 2010 and March 2020. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to determine the factors associated with survival time and applied the Cox proportional hazards model to examine the effect of quality of life on survival. Results: The study included 928 patients with a mean age of 63 years; and 72.1% of them were men. Factors associated with shortened survival included age, sex, place of residence, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, edema, quality of life, and Karnofsky performance status. After adjusting for other variables in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, we found that quality of life was an independent positive predictor of survival. Conclusions: As an independent factor predicting the survival of advanced lung cancer patients, quality of life should be taken seriously. Medical staff and healthcare workers need to pay special attention to this predictive factor since it may serve as early risk identification indicator for professionals who provide home-based palliative care, helping them to create effective personalized care plans.
Attitudes of Female Health Science Students and Recent Graduates toward the Care of the Dying in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhamees Nouf , Zaidi Uzma , Ibrahim ZiZi M. , Bakry Huny , Suaigar Shahad , Alosaimi Bashaier
Published: May 2022

Background

Positive and professional attitude of health professionals toward the palliative care issues of patients is crucial and challenging for fresh graduates. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of health science graduates about providing care for dying patients and their families.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, graduates of the College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia ( n = 113) have participated. The FATCOD -B scale was used to measure the attitude of health science graduates toward the care of patients and their families on a 5-point Likert scale. Data was collected through survey research forms.

Results

Significant associations of graduates’ attitude toward care of the dying patient with age, department, religious beliefs, education and experience ( p = .05) were found. On the scale of caring for the dying patients’ families, religious beliefs and education ( p = .05) were significant. Furthermore, multiple linear regression confirmed the predictive relationship of religious beliefs, education, and experience (R2 = .342, F = 11.021, p = .000) with graduates’ attitudes toward patient care. In comparison, education (R2 = .068, F = 1.541, p = .183) was the predictor of participants’ attitudes towards care of the patients’ families.

Conclusion

There is a dire need to focus on palliative care in the formal curriculum for all the health sciences disciplines. It is highly recommended to utilize case scenarios and simulation practice skills during the academic year to prepare students before the internship year. On-job counselling sessions can be helpful to increase the positive attitude of young Health graduates while working with dying patients and their families.
Palliative Care and Neurology Needs in Patients With and Without COVID-19
Authors: Ng Melissa , Crooms Rita C. , Ankuda Claire
Published: May 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased neurology and palliative care needs. We compare the characteristics of COVID-19 positive vs negative patients who received consultation by neurology and palliative care services during the 2020 COVID-19 surge in New York City to see how the groups differ in their consultation needs and to identify opportunities to improve care.

Methods

This retrospective analysis was performed within a multi-center hospital system in New York City, USA over a 2-month period (15 March to 15 May, 2020) which represented the peak of the first COVID-19 wave. Hospitalized patients who received a consultation from neurology and palliative care services were included. The patients were classified according to COVID-19 status (positive or negative based on PCR testing). Data abstracted from chart review included demographic data, details of neurology and palliative care consultations, duration of admission, ICU admission, intubation, code status, and death.

Results

The study included 70 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and 39 patients who tested negative for a total of 109 patients. Compared to the patients who tested negative for COVID-19, the patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were more likely to have palliative care consultation for management of goals of care (70 [100%] vs 33 [84.6%], P = .003) and less likely for management of symptoms (2 [2.9%] vs 7 [17.9%], P = .02).

Conclusion

The findings emphasize the need for collaboration between palliative care and neurology, which was heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a particular need for communication surrounding goals of care.
Development of an Innovative Interprofessional Palliative Care Student Learning Collaborative
Authors: Kates Jeannette , Jackson-Coty Janet , LaTourette Lauren , Granda-Cameron Clara , Pennarola Adam , Liantonio John
Published: May 2022

Background

Training all clinicians in primary palliative care has been proposed as one solution to hospice and palliative care workforce challenges. With palliative care’s focus on interprofessional practice and collaboration, interprofessional education is optimal to teach foundational palliative care principles.

Aim

To develop, pilot, and evaluate an innovative interprofessional primary palliative care student learning collaborative.

Methods

An interprofessional faculty and clinician team developed a semester-long palliative care interprofessional learning collaborative program that was delivered in a hybrid format. The National Consensus Project’s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care were used as the framework for the program content. Pre-post measures of palliative and end-of-life care-specific educational needs and post-program evaluation were used to evaluate the program.

Results

The program was piloted with 25 student participants from 10 health professional programs. Participants reported gains in knowledge post-program participation. Post-program evaluation comments were positive and the interprofessional design was regarded as a strength of the program.

Conclusion

Incorporating interprofessional learning into a palliative care curriculum may be an effective way to strengthen palliative care teams, as greater exposure to the diverse approaches of each team member can increase the appreciation and understanding of everyone’s critical role to play in providing excellent palliative care.
Components of Effective Supervision and Training for Paraeducators
Authors: Bagawan Atikah , Douglas Sarah N. , Gerde Hope K.
Published: May 2022

Special education teachers collaborate with numerous professionals, including paraeducators, who are tasked with supporting student learning in various school settings. In their role with paraeducators, teachers provide supervision, training, and coaching to enhance paraeducator skills to support students with disabilities in the classroom. This column provides an approach to paraeducator supervision, training, and coaching guided by the adult learning principles outlined in Kolb’s experiential learning model. In addition, sample fidelity checklists and observation forms are included for use during training and coaching sessions to enrich the paraeducator’s learning experience. Armed with these resources, teachers can cocreate meaningful and authentic learning opportunities in which paraeducators identify individual goals and reflect on their teaching with guidance from the teacher. As a result, teachers and paraeducators work together to provide quality instruction.
Let’s Get Physical: Physical Activity as a Team Intervention at Work
Authors: Blake Benjamin D. , Baur John E. , Buckley M. Ronald
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to conceptualize a novel theoretical occurrence—team physical activity (PA)—and its relevance for researchers and organizations. By building a testable model of the consequences and contingencies of team PA, we integrate the science of teamwork with the scholarly domain of employee health and well-being. Hence, we clarify the construct of team PA, present a three-dimensional typology, and outline a model drawing on neuroscience, positive organizational behavior, and teams research. Our propositions and subsequent discussion proffer an outline of potential benefits for organizations when they increase the utility and frequency of team PA. We also suggest ways in which researchers can advance scholarship in this area.
School-supervised Asthma Therapy is Associated with Improved Long-Term Asthma Outcomes for Underrepresented Minority Children
Authors: Shillan Holly N. , Luther Janki P. , Ryan Grace W. , Hoque Shushmita , Spano Michelle A. , Lessard Darleen M. , Gerald Lynn B. , Pbert Lori , Phipatanakul Wanda , Goldberg Robert J. , Trivedi Michelle K.
Published: May 2022

Asthma morbidity disproportionately impacts children from low-income and racial/ethnic minority communities. School-supervised asthma therapy improves asthma outcomes for up to 15 months for underrepresented minority children, but little is known about whether these benefits are sustained over time. We examined the frequency of emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions for 83 children enrolled in Asthma Link, a school nurse-supervised asthma therapy program serving predominantly underrepresented minority children. We compared outcomes between the year preceding enrollment and years one-four post-enrollment. Compared with the year prior to enrollment, asthma-related ED visits decreased by 67.9% at one year, 59.5% at two years, 70.2% at three years, and 50% at four years post-enrollment (all p-values< 0.005). There were also significant declines in mean numbers of total ED visits, asthma-related hospital admissions, and total hospital admissions. Our results indicate that school nurse-supervised asthma therapy could potentially mitigate racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequities in childhood asthma.
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Immunotherapy Effect Mimicking Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Authors: Wang Yan , Ganesan Santhi , Williamson Sean R. , Rayes-Danan Rania
Published: May 2022

Renal cell carcinoma is now increasingly treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy, predominantly in the metastatic setting or occasionally in the adjuvant setting; however, there is little published histopathology data demonstrating the post-therapy features of renal cell carcinoma tumor tissue. We report a middle-aged man, who was undergoing treatment with pembrolizumab for locally recurrent cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and was incidentally found to have a renal mass. Radical nephrectomy demonstrated a 5.0 cm renal mass with extensive xanthogranulomatous features, mimicking xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. However, rare clusters of cells demonstrated gland-like lumina, clear cytoplasm, and slightly increased atypia, suggesting scant residual renal cell carcinoma cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated focal positivity for pan-keratin and keratin 8/18, EMA, PAX8, CD10, and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), supporting a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with extensive treatment response, to the point that it mimicked xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. This report demonstrates the histologic features of post-immunotherapy renal cell carcinoma, aiding pathologists in recognition of this phenomenon, which may be misdiagnosed as an inflammatory process, if immunotherapy was performed for other reasons.
Optimizing the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation: An Item Response Theory Approach Among U.S. Military Personnel
Authors: Podlogar Matthew C. , Gutierrez Peter M. , Osman Augustine
Published: May 2022

The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) is one of the most used and empirically supported suicide risk assessment measures for behavioral health clinicians and researchers. However, the 19-item BSS is a relatively long measure and can take 5 to 10 minutes to administer. This study used Item Response Theory (IRT) techniques across two samples of mostly U.S. military service members to first identify ( n1 = 1,899) and then validate ( n2 = 757) an optimized set of the most informative BSS items. Results indicated that Items 1, 2, 4, 6, and 15 provided a similar-shaped test information curve across the same range of the latent trait as the full-length BSS and showed reliable item functioning across participant characteristics. The sum score of these five items showed a linear score linkage with the full-scale score, ρ > 0.87, and was equally as sensitive as the full scale for prospectively predicting near-term suicidal behavior at 74% with a cut score ≥1 (equivalent to full-scale score ≥6). Results are consistent with those from civilian samples. In time- or length-limited assessments, using these five BSS items may improve administration efficiency over the full BSS, while maintaining classification sensitivity.

This study suggests that summing Items 1, 2, 4, 6, and 15 of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) is an acceptable approach for shortening the full-length measure.
The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale: Factor Structure and Validation of the Self-Report Version in a Forensic Sample of Belgian Youth
Authors: Colins Olivier F. , Bisback Athina , Reculé Cedric , Batky Blair D. , López-Romero Laura , Hare Robert D. , Salekin Randall T.
Published: May 2022

This is the first study to test the psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) in detained youth. The PSCD is a measure of the broad psychopathy construct, with grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, daring-impulsive, and conduct disorder (CD) components. Participants (227 males) completed the PSCD along with other measures, including a diagnostic interview to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) CD. Results support the PSCD’s proposed hierarchical four-factor structure. Correlations with an alternate measure of psychopathy and symptoms of CD support the convergent validity of PSCD scores. PSCD scores showed positive associations with criterion variables of emotional and regulatory functioning, aggression, substance use, and school problems. Finally, PSCD scores were unrelated to anxiety and depression, supporting the PSCD’s discriminant validity. Findings indicate that the PSCD is a promising measure for assessing psychopathic traits in detained male adolescents, though its incremental validity is in need of further scrutiny.
Decreasing Plasma Fibrinogen Levels in the Intensive Care Unit Are Associated with High Mortality Rates In Patients With Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy
Authors: Mori Keisuke , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Yamane Tetsunobu , Eguchi Yutaka
Published: May 2022

Plasma fibrinogen levels increase in response to infection, but they could also decrease due to degradation as in severe coagulopathy. We evaluated 60 septic patients with their CRP levels over 5.00 mg/dL. The patients were classified into three groups based on the ratio of the maximum or minimum fibrinogen concentration within day 3 to the initial concentration on day 0: down-, flat, and uptrend groups (n = 15, 30, and 15, respectively). Both down- and flat trend groups showed reduced inflammatory markers on day 3, and the degree of platelet loss (103/μL) and the mortality rate (%) were more remarkable in the downtrend group ( − 108 vs  − 42 [ p = 0.026] and 46.7 vs 10.0 [ p = 0.027]). On day 0, in total 12 and 9 patients were diagnosed with non-overt DIC in the down- and uptrend groups, of which 5 (41.7%) and 1 (11.1%) died within 28 days after admission. In conclusion, decreasing fibrinogen levels in the ICU are associated with high mortality in patients with sepsis followed by decreasing platelet counts, even when they are diagnosed with non-overt DIC.
Magnetic ring array with high-amplitude negative stiffness for high performance micro-vibration isolation
Authors: Zhao Yamin , Cui Junning , Zou Limin
Published: May 2022

A magnetic ring array (MRA) with high-amplitude negative stiffness is proposed to counteract the positive stiffness of vibration isolators and improve the low-frequency performance of heavy-load precision micro-vibration isolation. The MRA uses magnetic rings mounted coaxially and magnetized perpendicularly to form an array structure that produces high-amplitude negative stiffness. An analytical model of its magnetic force and stiffness is established, and the influence of geometric parameters on stiffness is analyzed for optimization. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the MRA is validated through comparisons with existing schemes. A set of experiments are carried out to prove the validity of the analytical model and the performance of the MRA. Experimental results show that the natural frequency of the vibration isolation experimental setup decreases from 4.75 Hz to 1.13 Hz after the introduction of the MRA, and the peak of the one-third octave band velocity spectra decreases from 5.03 μm/s @ 5 Hz to 2.60 μm/s @ 1.25 Hz. The effectiveness of the proposed MRA in improving the performance of micro-vibration isolation is verified.
Active vibration control of flexible thin-walled beam using multi-layer planar dielectric elastomer actuator
Authors: Xue Qing , Liu Chong , Xie Shilin , Zhang Yahong , Luo Yajun
Published: May 2022

The paper investigates the active vibration control (AVC) of flexible thin-walled structure using dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator. It is proposed to bond directly DE film to the surface of flexible thin-walled structure so as to actively control structural vibration through in-plane actuation of DE film. This kind of actuator is referred to as planar DE actuator, which has advantages such as small additional mass and easy installation, and thereby can realize more easily active vibration control of flexible thin-walled structures in comparison with DE actuators with columnar configuration. In order to reduce control voltage, a multi-layer planar DE actuator (MPDEA) is further developed. Based on the Hamilton principle and the constitutive equation of DE material, the governing equation in the form of finite element for a cantilever polycarbonate beam with MPDEA is derived. Simulated and experimental studies are carried out on active vibration control of flexible thin-walled beam using MPDEA with different layers. The results show that MPDEA can achieve good vibration control effect for flexible thin-walled beam. Especially, the driving voltage can be greatly reduced by employing MPDEA. Moreover, a nonlinear compensation model is proposed to suppress the control spillover caused by nonlinear actuating properties of MPDEA. The simulated and experimental results of AVC of cantilever flexible thin-walled beam with the compensation model show that the overall control performance can be improved due to noticeable restrain of the control spillover.
Free vibration analysis of laminated cylindrical adhesive joints with conical composite shell adherends
Authors: Meskini Mohammad , Ghasemi Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2022

Free vibration analysis of adhesive joins between two laminates circular cylindrical along with conical laminated composite shells considering various boundary conditions are examined. The numerical analysis are studied based on the first order shear deformation shell theory (FSDT) and considering compatibility conditions. Using Hamilton principle method, the governing equations of composite cylindrical shell lap adhesive joined to the composite conical shells are obtained. The analysis for carbon/epoxy, glass/epoxy and aramid/epoxy laminated composite materials and various type of adhesive materials are studied. For solving the equilibrium equations of lap joined the cylindrical to the conical shells with adhesive layer, the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is used. The effect of circumferential wave number, length to radius ratio of the shell, length of overlap to length of shell ratio, thickness to radius ratio and thickness of adhesive to thickness of shell ratio are investigated. Furthermore, the various cone angles of conical shell, type of materials and adhesive layer on the natural frequency of laminated circular cylindrical connected to the conical shells are studied. In order to validate the numerical results of present analysis with previous research compared that the result shown that these comparisons show very good agreement. Numerical results shown that with increasing the value of cone angle of the conical shell and the ratio of overlap length to shell length, due to increasing the structural stiffness, the non-dimensional frequency of the structure with adhesive layer increased.