bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density of bacteria in Limnodrilus sp. culture fertilized by fermented chicken manure
Authors: Hadiroseyani Y. , Nurjariah . , Wahjuningrum D.
Published: February 2017

Culture of Limnodrilus sp. is now developed to control continuously supply.  Culture medium of Limnodrilus sp. consists of mud and organic waste.  Routinely fertilization is needed to keep enough nutrition.  One of organic fertilizer used in Limnodrilus sp. culture is chicken manure.  This fertilizer contains high levels of N, low-priced and easy to obtain.  This study was conducted to determine Limnodrilus sp. density in the substrate fertilizer by fermented chicken manure and Limnodrilus sp. growth. Mud and chicken manure in ratio of 1:1 was applied to container of 100×20×15 cm3.  Fertilization was carried out 2 times daily at the dose of chicken manure 130, 160 and 190 g/container.  The result of study showed that density of bacteria tends to decrease during experiment.  Highest density (11,948 individuals/m2) and biomass (14.65 g/ m2) of bacteria was obtained by 190 g of chicken manure fertilization.

Keywords: blood worm, Limnodrilus sp., bacteria, chicken manure, fermentation

 

ABSTRAK

Budidaya cacing Limnodrilus sp., kini sedang dikembangkan untuk menyediakan cacing secara terkontrol dan kontinyu. Media hidup cacing terdiri dari lumpur dan limbah organik. Untuk menjaga persediaan makanan dalam media pemeliharaan, dilakukan pemupukan secara berkala. Salah satu pupuk organik yang digunakan dalam budidaya cacing adalah kotoran ayam karena mengandung unsur N yang lebih tinggi, mudah didapat dan murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan bakteri pada substrat media budidaya cacing yang dipupuk dengan kotoran ayam hasil fermentasi serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan cacing. Substrat yang digunakan berupa lumpur dan kotoran ayam dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan ditempatkan dalam wadah berukuran dimensi 100×20×15 cm3. Pemupukan setiap dua hari menggunakan kotoran ayam hasil fermentasi dengan dosis 130, 160 dan 190 g/wadah menghasilkan perkembangan kelimpahan bakteri yang cenderung menurun selama masa pemeliharaan. Peningkatan kelimpahan bakteri diikuti dengan peningkatan laju pertumbuhan cacing sehingga tercapai populasi dan biomassa tertinggi pada hari ke-20 yang masing-masing mencapai 11.948 ind/m2 dan 14,65 g/m2.  

Kata kunci: Cacing, Limnodrilus sp., bakteri, kotoran ayam dan fermentasi
Growth and Survival Rate of Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Reared with Different Density in Recirculation System
Authors: Budiardi Tatag , Irawan D Y , Wahjuningrum Dinamella
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to know the growth and survival rate of redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) reared in recirculation system with density 20, 30, 40 and 50 m-2. Lobster with 6.02 ± 0.13 cm length and 6.23 ± 0.51 gram initial body weights were cultured in 60 x 30 x 40 cm aquarium and compiled in recirculation system, for 42 days. Result of research showed that there are statistically difference at growth rate daily weight, coefficient of variances and feed efficiency (p0.05). From this research it can be concluded that the best density for freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) was 50 m-2.

Keywords: density, growth, survival rate, redclaw crayfish,  Cherax quadricarinatus

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup lobster capit merah (Cherax quadricarinatus) yang dipelihara pada sistem resirkulasi dengan kepadatan 20, 30, 40 dan 50 ekor/m2. Benih lobster yang digunakan memiliki panjang awal rata-rata 6,02 ± 0,13 cm dan berat 6,23 ± 0,51 gram, dipelihara pada akuarium dengan ukuran 60 x 30 x 40 cm yang diisi air setinggi 20 cm dan disusun dalam sistem resirkulasi, selama 42 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata pada laju pertumbuhan bobot harian, koefisien keragaman dan efisiensi pakan (p0,05). Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa padat penebaran yang dapat memberikan hasil maksimum adalah 50 ekor/m2.
Kata kunci: padat penebaran, pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, lobster capit merah, Cherax quadricarinatus
Supplementation of Carrot (Daucus carrota) as Natural Source of Beta-carotene prepared by Several Methods in Feed to Increase Blue Colour of Freshwater Crayfish Red Claw (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Authors: Satyantini Woro H. , Mubarak A. Shofy , Mukti A. Taufiq , C Ninin
Published: February 2017

Red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) is one kind of freshwater crayfish that can cultured as consumption or ornamental fish commodities.  The colour of body was important character for performance of red claw as ornamental fish commodity.  Red claw with blue body colour is more expensive than brown.  The purpose of  this experiment was to know the influence addition of carrot with several methods in feed on blue colour  of freshwater crayfish red claw and which was the best preparation method to increase blue colour of freshwater crayfish red claw. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with four treatments: A (control), B (extract), C (juice) and D (shreeded) of carrot with 45 ppm dose and five time replicates.  Data was analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and continued with Z test. Result of the experiment was showed that addition of carrot as natural source of beta-carotene with several preparation in feed increase significantly (P<0.05) the blue colour on cheliped and chepalothorax until telson of red claw.  Treatment D (shreeded) was given higher scoring of blue colour on cheliped and cephalothorax until telson, i.e. 2.82 and 2.54, respectively.

Keywords: freshwater crayfish, colour of red claw, carrot, beta-carotene

 

ABSTRAK

Red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) adalah salah satu jenis lobster air tawar yang dapat dibudidayakan sebagai komoditas konsumsi maupun hias.  Sebagai komoditas ikan hias, warna tubuh merupakan karakter penting untuk menunjang penampilan red claw.  Red claw ukuran konsumsi yang memiliki warna biru akan memiliki nilai jual yang lebih tinggi daripada red claw berwarna coklat.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan wortel sebagai sumber beta karoten alami dengan beberapa metoda pengolahan pada pakan terhadap peningkatan warna biru lobster red claw. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan : A (kontrol), B (ekstrak), C (jus) dan D (serutan) wortel dengan menggunakan dosis 45 ppm beta karoten dan ulangan 5 kali.  Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Z.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan wortel sebagai sumber beta karoten alami dengan beberapa metode pengolahan (ekstrak, jus dan serutan) pada pakan memberikan hasil berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada peningkatan warna biru pada capit dan cephalothorax hingga telson lobster red claw dan perlakuan D (serutan) memberikan skoring peningkatan warna biru tertinggi pada capit dan cephalothorax hingga telson, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 2,82 dan 2,54.

Kata kunci : lobster air tawar, warna red claw, wortel, beta karoten
Isolation of probiotics bacterium from coral reef for controlling vibriosis in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) larvae
Authors: Sasanti Ade Dwi , Widanarni . , Sukenda .
Published: February 2017

Pathogenic Vibrio, especially luminous Vibrio harveyi, could cause mass mortality in tiger shrimp culture. One of the technique to work against luminous Vibrio is, using probiotic bacteria to inhibit the luminous Vibrio growth. This study was carried out to obtain bacteria isolates from coral reef which potentially inhibit V. harveyi growth. A total of 110 isolates were isolated from Acropora sp, Merulina sp, Hystrix sp., Poecillophora sp, Porites sp and Haliophora sp., and have probiotic activity against V. harveyi in in vitro and in vivo test.Of the total 110 isolates, 54 isolates show the inhibiting zone. Two isolates(8A and 1C)were not pathogenic and have the most effective activity in inhibiting growth of V. harveyi and significantly reduced larval mortality in in vitro and in vivo test. Treatment using probiotics candidate have significant different survival rate (83.33%) compared with positive control (61.67%). The growth rate of lenght of larvae treatment with isolate of 8A (5.25%) and 1C (5.06%) show the significant different compared with positive control (3.54%). The growth rate of weight of larvae treatment withisolate of 8A (17.51%) and 1C (17.61%) show significant different compared with negative (15.27%) and positive control (14.69%).

Key word: coral reef, probiotic, tiger shrimp, vibriosis, V. harveyi.

 

ABSTRAK

Vibrio patogen, khususnya Vibrio harveyi berpendar, dapat menyebabkan kematian massal pada budidaya udang windu. Salah satu alternatif untuk menghambat Vibrio harveyi berpendar adalah dengan menggunakan bakteri probiotik yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan Vibrio tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri dari terumbu karang yang potensial menghambat pertumbuhan V. harveyi. Total 110 isolat diisolasi dari Acropora sp, Merulina sp., Hystrix sp., Poecillophora sp., Porites sp. dan Haliophora sp, dilakukan penapisan untuk melihat aktivitas kemampuannya melawan V. harveyi MR 5339 RfR dalam uji in vitro dan uji in vivo. Sebanyak 54 isolat teridentifikasi mampu menghasilkan zona hambat. Dua isolat (8A dan 1C) terbukti tidak bersifat patogen dan memiliki aktivitas probiotik melawan V. harveyi MR 5339 RfR pada uji in vitro dan in vivo. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva pada perlakuan yang diberi kandidat probiotik dari kedua isolat tersebut adalah 83,33%, dan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata dengan kontrol positif (61,67%). Laju pertumbuhan panjang larva yang diberi isolat 8A (5,25%) dan 1C (5,06%)menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyatajika dibandingkan dengan kontrolpositif (3,54%). Laju pertumbuhan bobot yang diberi isolat 8A (17,51%) dan 1C (17,61%) menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol negative (15,27%) dan kontrol positif (14,69%).

Kata kunci: probiotik, terumbu karang,udang windu, V. harveyi, vibriosis.
Masculinization on tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) by natural hormone steroid agent from bee resin through artificial diet
Authors: Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Arfah Harton
Published: February 2017

Masculinization on tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) has been done with approach of natural hormone steroid agent  from bee resin  through artificial diet before sexual differentiation. This research aim to increase male sex ratio and production performance. Treatment of bee resin dose is 0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; 3.0 feed ml/kg compared to Control (0 ml/kg diet) were given  during 28 days at larva age 7 day in aquarium, then transferred to the farm ground until age 12 weeks. Average of masculine phenotype percentage increased significantly (P<0,05) from  62.9±3.9% to 69.7±5.5% versus 50.0±9.0% (Control), whether the growth rate ranged from 2.5-2.8 versus 2.7 (Control) and feed efficiency  were  0.9-1.1. Bee resin mixing through artificial diet increased masculine sex ratio effective at the range of dose 0.6-3.0 feed ml/kg with the survival rate of 55.9-62.6% versus 73.0% (Control).

Keywords: bee resin, masculinization, masculine sex ratio, Oreochromis sp.

 

ABSTRAK

Maskulinisasi pada ikan nila  (Oreochromis sp.) telah dilakukan dengan pendekatan hormonal menggunakan bahan aktif steroid alami yang berasal dari resin lebah melalui pakan buatan sebelum diferensiasi kelamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan meliputi kelangsungan hidup, nisbah kelamin jantan, laju pertambahan bobot, dan konversi pakan (FCR).  Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari 5 dosis resin lebah  (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4; 3,0 mL/kg pakan) dan Kontrol, diberikan selama 28 hari pada larva berumur 7 hari di akuarium, kemudian ikan dipelihara di kolam tanah sampai umur 12 minggu. Rata-rata persentase fenotipe jantan meningkat secara nyata (P<0,05) dengan kisaran 62,9±3,9 % sampai 69,7±5,5 %  dibandingkan kontrol (50,0±9,0%). Laju pertumbuhan paska perlakuan dengan resin lebah berkisar antara 2,5-2,8 versus 2,7 (kontrol) dengan FCR berkisar antara 0,9-1,1. Pemberian resin lebah melalui pencampuran dalam pakan buatan efektif meningkatkan nisbah kelamin jantan dengan kelangsungan hidup berkisar antara 55,9-62,6 % versus 73,0% (kontrol) . 

Kata kunci: Oreochromis sp, maskulinisasi, nisbah kelamin jantan, resin lebah.
Infection control of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish (Clarias sp.) using mixture of meniran Phyllanthus niruri and garlic Allium sativum in feed
Authors: Wahjuningrum Dinamella , Solikhah Eka Hidayatus , Budiardi Tatag , Setiawati Mia
Published: February 2017

Motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) is caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The use of plant (natural materials) such as meniran and garlic can be as an alternative way to inhibit the activity of A. hydrophila by their active substances which have potency as an antibacterial and immunostimulant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using a mixture of meniran and garlic in feed to control of A. hydrophila in catfish. There were split in two kind of doses namely, preventive (garlic:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) and curative (garlic:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). The preventive treatment was given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2th-8th day after challenging test.  Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0,1 mL A. hydrophila (108cfu/ml)  into the fish. The results indicated that preventive treatment with a mixture of extracts 5 ppt meniran and 20 ppt garlic was more effective in preventing infection of A. hydrophila than curative treatment.

 

Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Allium sativum, catfish, Aeromonas hydrophila.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 Penyakit MAS (motile aeromonad septicaemia) disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Bahan alami seperti meniran dan bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri ini.  Zat aktif yang dimiliki bahan ini berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan immunostimulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan campuran meniran dan bawang putih dalam pakan untuk pengendalian penyakit MAS pada ikan lele. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi dua dosis, yaitu pencegahan (bawang putih:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) dan pengobatan (bawang putih:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). Perlakuan pencegahan diberikan selama seminggu sebelum uji tantang. Perlakuan pengobatan dilakukan pada hari ke 2 hingga hari ke-8 setelah uji tantang. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan secara intramuskuler 0,1 ml A. hydrophila (108cfu/ml) ke ikan lele. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pencegahan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 5 ppt dan bawang putih 20 ppt efektif dalam mencegah infeksi A. hydrophila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pengobatan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 10 ppt dan 40 ppt bawang putih.

 
 Kata kunci: meniran, bawang putih, lele, Aeromonas hydrophila.
 
La industria colombiana 1975-2014: inequidad entre trabajo y capital
Authors: Silva Colmenares Julio , Padilla Pardo Carolina
Published: February 2017

Como parte de una investigación sobre transnacionalización del gran capital colombiano, se analiza la distribución funcional de la riqueza creada en la industria durante casi 40 años. Se destacan los cambios en la composición de su producción bruta, así como la concentración de la producción y la centralización del capital, fenómenos liderados por grupos financieros que datan del siglo pasado. También se indaga sobre la evolución de la productividad laboral y del empleo, y los eventuales efectos de los cambios tecnológicos en este sector. Se concluye que en la distribución del valor agregado industrial gana peso relativo el capital, con detrimento de la parte que corresponde al trabajo.
Retornos salariales para Colombia, un análisis cuantílico
Authors: Castillo Robayo Cristian Dario , Da Silva Bichara Julimar , Pérez Trujillo Manuel
Published: February 2017

Este artículo analiza los retornos salariales de los jóvenes y adultos, comparando la influencia de la educación y la experiencia. Se examina principalmente la teoría del capital humano y las críticas a esta, a través del estudio de la relación entre educación, experiencia y salarios. El análisis empírico se base en el modelo de Mincer, pero mediante las regresiones cuantílicas, para determinar, por 10 cuantiles en cada grupo, cómo se dan los retornos salariales. Se comprueba que para los jóvenes hay mayor impacto de adquirir experiencia que la educación sobre los retornos salariales, lo que afecta la inserción laboral y el obtener mayores ingresos laborales.
Ginástica na escola: por onde ela anda professor?
Authors: Costa Andrize Ramires , Macías Ceres  Cemirames de Carvalho , Faro Carmen Lília da Cunha , Matos Lucília
Published: February 2017

A Ginástica é uma prática corporal que inicialmente foi sinônimo de Educação Física, num segundo momento foi considerada um dos conteúdos da Educação Física Escolar e atualmente está ausente nas aulas escolares. A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de aprofundar os estudos sobre a Educação Física Escolar, para a busca de elementos teórico-metodológicos que justifiquem a Ginástica no contexto escolar; bem como, identificar porque esta vem sendo esquecida enquanto conteúdo pedagógico nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando a abordagem do método qualitativo. O estudo foi realizado com quatorze professores de Educação Física, escolhidos aleatoriamente, de sete escolas municipais de Belém – PA, a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação sistemática foram adotadas como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Após analisar e discutir os resultados, verificamos que muitos podem ser os motivos da ausência da Ginástica na escola, todavia é um conhecimento que precisa estar presente na Educação Física Escolar, pois é de grande valia para o desenvolvimento pleno da criança, tendo como principal protagonista desta mudança o próprio professor de Educação Física.
Ginástica para Todos - conectando diferenças experiências e possibilidades da Ginástica para Todos em diversos contextos
Authors: Schiavon Laurita Marconi , Toledo Eliana de , Ayoub Eliana , Paoliello Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

A partir da edição de número 3 da revista Conexões, este número vem dar continuidade à publicação das produções científicas em Ginástica no contexto da temática da Ginástica para Todos, oriundas de artigos produzidos por pesquisadores que participaram do VIII Fórum Internacional de Ginástica para Todos (VIII FIGPT) e que foram selecionados por pareceristas ad hoc doutores na área, por meio de sistema duplo cego, em consonância com as normativas da revista. Esse evento, realizado desde 2001, resulta de uma reconhecida parceria entre a Faculdade de Educação Física da Unicamp e o Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC), com o apoio institucional da International Sport and Culture Association (ISCA).
Viabilidade econômica do uso de aerador para o cultivo semi-intensivo de Tambaqui em tanques escavados
Authors: De Souza Eliasmar da Silva , Pontuschka Rute Bianchini , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa
Published: February 2017

O aumento da procura por pescado motivou o setor piscícola a intensificar sua demanda, inserindo equipamentos sofisticados nos sistemas de produção. Mas pouco se sabe sobre o real custo da produção de tambaquis com o uso dessas tecnologias. Sendo assim, foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica do cultivo semi-intensivo de tambaqui em dois tanques: T1 (sem aerador) e T2 (com aerador), povoados cada com 275 peixes (≈ 40 g). Os animais foram monitorados semanalmente, durante um ano, por meio de coletas biométricas, com concomitante acompanhamento de variáveis limnológicas. Somente o oxigênio dissolvido (≈7,79 e ≈8,30 mg L-1) e a amônia total (≈0,27 e ≈0,16 mg L-1) diferiram entre os tanques. Na análise econômica, utilizou-se o Custo Operacional de Produção (COP), que para o T1 foi de R$ 1.803,35 (ração), enquanto que para o T2 foi de R$ 3.552,94 (ração + energia elétrica). As variáveis zootécnicas dos grupos de tambaquis não diferiram significativamente, resultando em biomassa final de 467,67 kg (T1) e 458,15 kg (T2), com Receita Bruta de R$ 2.338,35 e R$ 2.290,75, respectivamente. O T1 apresentou um ganho de 22,87%, enquanto o T2 contraiu um déficit de -55,09%. Sendo assim, conclui-se que o uso de aerador para o cultivo semi-intensivo de tambaqui em tanques escavados não é economicamente viável.
Synthesis and Thrombin, Factor Xa and U46619 Inhibitory Effects of Non-amidino and Amidino N2-Thiophenecarbonyl- and N2-Tosylanthranilamides
Authors: Lee Soo Hyun , Lee Wonhwa , Ha Nguyen Thi , Um Il Soo , Bae Jong-Sup , Ma Eunsook
Published: February 2017

Thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa (FXa) are key enzymes at the junction of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and are the most attractive pharmacological targets for the development of novel anticoagulants. Twenty non-amidino N2-thiophencarbonyl- and N2-tosyl anthranilamides 1-20 and six amidino N2-thiophencarbonyl- and N2-tosylanthranilamides 21-26 were synthesized and evaluated prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) using human plasma at concentration 30 μg/mL in vitro. From these results, compounds 5, 9, and 21-23 were selected to study the further antithrombotic activity. The anticoagulant properties of 5, 9, and 21-23 significantly exhibited a concentration-dependent prolongation of in vitro PT and aPTT, in vivo bleeding time, and ex vivo clotting time. These compounds concentration-dependently inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa and inhibited the generation of thrombin and FXa in human endothelial cells. In addition, data showed that 5, 9, and 21-23 significantly inhibited thrombin catalyzed fibrin polymerization and mouse platelet aggregation and inhibited platelet aggregation induced U46619 in vitro and ex vivo. N-(3'-Amidinophenyl)-2-((thiophen-2''-yl)carbonyl amino)benzamide (21) was most active.
Organic Farming and Soil Physical Properties: An Assessment after 40 Years
Authors: Williams Dallas M. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Francis Charles A. , Galusha Tomie D.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Organic farming can contribute to water capture relative to conventional systems.

Soil aggregates are more water stable under organic than conventional practices.

Organic farming systems can improve soil physical properties in the long term.

Organic farming is one environmentally viable approach to agriculture through its use of animal and green manures to provide nutrients and cultural practices to manage weeds, insects, and pathogens. The sustainability of organic agriculture, however, is less well understood, especially under long‐term management. A study was conducted near Mead, NE, to investigate the long‐ term impacts of organic management on soil physical properties including soil aggregate stability, bulk density, Proctor bulk density (parameter of soil’s susceptibility to compaction), water infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil‐water retention characteristics in conventional farming (CR1), conventional farming with diversified rotation (DIR), organic practices with green manure (OGM), and organic practices with animal manure (OAM). The OGM and OAM treatments increased cumulative water infiltration by about 10 times compared with the CR1 treatment, indicating that organic farming can increase water storage relative to conventional systems. Mean weight diameter of water‐stable soil aggregates increased by 50% with the OGM and by 30% with the OAM treatments in the upper 15‐cm depth, indicating that aggregates were larger and more stable under organic than conventional practices. At the same depth, the Proctor bulk density was 3% lower under organic practices than in the CR1 treatment, suggesting that organic farming reduces the soil’s susceptibility to compaction. The increase in aggregate stability and porosity increased water infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Overall, organic farming can improve soil physical properties in the long term and provide a strategy for farmers to enhance soil physical quality and agricultural sustainability.
Yield Gains in Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars of Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. , Yallou C. G. , Obeng‐Antwi K. , Alidu H. , Talabi A. O. , Annor B. , Oyekunle M. , Akaogu I. C. , Aderounmu M.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

The study determined genetic improvement in grain yield of the cultivars during the breeding eras, investigated trait associations, and identified high‐yielding and stable cultivars across multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments.

The study revealed an annual genetic gain of 2.72 and 2.28% for the cultivars under multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments.

Cultivars 2004 TZEE‐Y Pop STR C4, TZEE‐W Pop STR QPM C0, TZEE‐W Pop STR BC2 C0 of era 2 and TZEE‐W STR 107 BC1, TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, and 2012 TZEE‐Y DT STR C5 of era 3 were the highest yielding and stable across multiple‐stress environments while 98 Syn EE‐W from era 1, FERKE TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐W Pop STR C3, TZEE‐Y Pop STR QPM C0 from era 2, and TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, 2009 TZEE‐OR2 STR QPM, 2009 TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐Y STR 106, TZEE‐W DT C0 STR C5 from era 3 were the most outstanding across non‐stress environments.

We conclude that substantial progress has been made in breeding for multiple‐stress tolerant extra‐early maize cultivars in West and central Africa.

Availability of extra‐early maize cultivars has facilitated the expansion of maize production into savannas of West and Central Africa (WCA). Fifty‐six extra‐early maize cultivars of three breeding eras;1995 to 2000, 2001 to 2006, and 2007 to 2012 were evaluated for 2 yr under 24 multiple‐stress and 28 non‐stress environments in WCA. Objectives of the study were to determine genetic improvement in grain yield of cultivars developed during the breeding eras, and identify high‐yielding and s multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments. Yield gains from era 1 to era 3 under multiple stresses was associated with increased days to anthesis, reduced stalk lodging, and improved husk cover. Cultivars 2004 TZEE‐Y Pop STR C4, TZEE‐W Pop STR QPM C0, and TZEE‐W Pop STR BC2C0of era 2; and TZEE‐W STR 107 BC1, TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, and 2012 TZEE‐Y DT STR C5of era 3 were high‐yielding and stable across multiple‐stress environments while 98 Syn EE‐W from era 1, FERKE TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐W Pop STR C3, and TZEE‐Y Pop STR QPM C0from era 2, and TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, 2009 TZEE‐OR2STR QPM, 2009 TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐Y STR 106, and TZEE‐W DT C0STR C5from era 3 were outstanding across non‐stress environments and should be tested extensively and commercialized. Considerable improvement has been made in breeding for multiple‐stress tolerant extra‐early maize cultivars.
An Integrated Nutritional and Chemical Approach to Poa Annua Suppression in Creeping Bentgrass Greens
Authors: Ervin Erik. H. , Reams Nathaniel , Zhang Xunzhong , Boyd Adam , Askew Shawn
Published: February 2017

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) provides an ideal putting surface for golf courses located in temperate climates but is invaded by annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and silvery‐thread moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.). There are no currently registered herbicides for annual bluegrass control in bentgrass greens. Paclobutrazol and FeSO4 will suppress one or both of these pests, but research on the effectiveness of the two together has not been reported. Our objectives were to determine the effects of repeated high rates of FeSO4 and paclobutrazol on transitioning annual bluegrass out of a creeping bentgrass green and determine if seaweed extract (SWE) aids the transition. An unanticipated objective was to assess treatment effects on moss incidence. The effects of all combinations of FeSO4 (0.0, 12.2, 24.4, or 48.8 kg ha−1), paclobutrazol (0.18–0.36 kg a.i. ha−1), and SWE (12.8 L ha−1) on control of these pests were investigated over 2 yr on a ‘Penneagle’ green. All FeSO4 rates decreased annual bluegrass to 21% when averaged over 2 yr. The paclobutrazol program reduced annual bluegrass to 5% regardless of FeSO4 rate. Repeated use of SWE had no effect on annual bluegrass or moss populations. An 8% decline in annual bluegrass occurred in untreated plots, possibly due to creeping bentgrass competition being favored by biweekly application of ammonium sulfate and exclusion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Treatment with FeSO4 decreased moss, regardless of paclobutrazol or SWE. Paclobutrazol increased moss when FeSO4 was not applied. Season‐long applications of FeSO4 (24.4 kg ha−1) plus high rates of paclobutrazol controlled annual bluegrass and silvery‐thread moss while providing a putting surface of acceptable quality.
SSR Allelic Diversity Shifts in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) Cultivars Released from 1910 to 2016
Authors: Moore Kelly A. , Zuleta M. Carolina , Patton Aaron J. , Schwartz Brian M. , Aranaz Goretti , Milla‐Lewis Susana R.
Published: February 2017

Selection during varietal improvement has been shown to reduce genetic diversity in several different crop species. A reduction in genetic diversity can be detrimental to future breeding efforts and increase susceptibility to biotic stresses. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in levels of allelic diversity at the gene and population levels in 40 zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.) cultivars released between 1910 and 2016 using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Fifty‐six SSR primer pairs were used to determine whether allelic diversity has changed among cultivars released over a century of modern plant breeding. While no significant differences were observed for total numbers of alleles or genetic similarity values between the initial and most recent time periods, our results demonstrate that genetic diversity among zoysiagrass cultivars has fluctuated over time. Allelic diversity declined during the 1990s and then recovered during 2000s. STRUCTURE analysis revealed five subpopulations with varying levels of admixture and that, for the most part, good representation of these subpopulations has been maintained over the different decades of release. These findings illustrate that plant breeding has not resulted in a substantial decline in zoysiagrass genetic diversity, but also that the potential exists for increasing diversity through future germplasm collections and the inclusion of less‐used Zoysia species to create new combinations of alleles.
Effects of Low Temperatures on Nitrogen Uptake, Partitioning, and Use in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens
Authors: Bauer Samuel J. , Horgan Brian P. , Soldat Douglas J. , Lloyd Daniel T. , Gardner David S.
Published: February 2017

Late‐fall nitrogen (N) fertilization is commonly recommended for turfgrass nutrition in the Upper Midwest, although research identifying its efficiency and subsequent benefit is lacking for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.). The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency and agronomic benefits of late‐fall N applications on creeping bentgrass putting greens. Silt loam and sand putting greens were established with ‘L‐93’ creeping bentgrass 7 yr prior to this study in St. Paul, MN, and Madison, WI. Labeled15N ammonium sulfate was applied to inground lysimeters at rates of either 25 or 50 kg N ha−1in mid‐October or mid‐November 2009, and a spoon‐feeding approach of 10 kg N ha−1was applied in five equally spaced applications (totaling 50 kg N ha−1) between 25 Sept. and 15 Nov. 2009. The labeled15N was used to quantify uptake and partitioning to verdure and thatch in the late fall and spring. The same treatments were applied to main plots with unlabeled ammonium sulfate to evaluate use, as determined by turfgrass quality, chlorophyll index, clipping yield, and N concentration. Nitrogen fertilizer applied up to mid‐October increased quality, color, and yield prior to winter, while the benefit of mid‐November applications was not apparent until the following spring; higher N rates increased these effects. The greatest cumulative clipping yields were associated with all 50‐kg N ha−1rates, and application timing was not a significant factor. Clipping N concentration increased following spoon‐feeding and October applications in the fall, indicating good transport of N fertilizer to shoots prior to winter. The efficiency of 25‐ and 50‐kg N ha−1applications was similar under optimum weather conditions, but this efficiency was reduced in environments conducive to N loss and reduced plant uptake; precipitation, and cold temperatures. The most efficient use and consistent benefit was seen with the spoon‐feeding approach
Factorial experimental design applied to adsorption of cadmium on activated alumina
Authors: Mtaallah Salma , Marzouk Ikhlass , Hamrouni Béchir
Published: February 2017

The effective removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is a very important issue for many countries. This paper examines the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents by adsorption on activated alumina. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of the activated alumina were 156.7 m2/g, 58.4 Å and 0.23 cm3/g, respectively. Factorial experimental design was applied to evaluate the main effects and interactions among dose of activated alumina, initial cadmium concentration, pH of the solution and temperature. Analysis of variance, the F-test and the Student's t-test shows that dose of activated alumina, initial cadmium ion concentration and temperature are the most significant parameters affecting cadmium ion removal and pH is the least significant parameter. Under optimal conditions, cadmium removal from industrial effluent samples was >98%. Furthermore, desorption and regeneration studies were carried out in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of activated alumina.
An organic-inorganic hybrid coagulant containing Al, Zn and Fe (HOAZF): preparation, efficiency and mechanism of removing organic phosphorus
Authors: Fu Y. , Wang Y. Z.
Published: February 2017

A polymeric-Al-Zn-Fe (PAZF) coagulant showing high removal of pollutants has been successfully developed using a galvanized slag in earlier works, but it gave less elimination of phosphorus. To improve phosphorus removal, a hybrid organic-Al-Zn-Fe (HOAZF) coagulant was prepared using PAZF and polyacrylamide (PAM) as an organic additive, and then was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Zeta potential, respectively. Removing efficiency and mechanism of organophosphorus by HOAZF was probed using jar tests in treating a simulated pesticide wastewater containing dichlorvos (DDVP), compared to that by PAZF and polyaluminum chloride. The results displayed that HOAZF having relative lower Zeta potential (compared to PAZF) exhibited complex surface morphology composited by Al, Zn and Fe and PAM, forming some new crystalline and amorphous substances different from that in PAZF. HOAZF gave higher removal of organophosphorus and far lower dosage than PAZF, and also posed a suitable wider pH range (pH = 7–12 for HOAZF and 10–11 for PAZF, respectively) and suitable wider organophosphorus level range than PAZF. Removing organophosphorus by HOAZF was a simultaneous complex process involving a non-phase transfer of adsorption/bridging/sweeping and a phase transfer of chemical precipitation.
STUDY OF THE USE OF MAIZE AS BARRIER CROP IN CHILI TO CONTROL Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) POPULATION (STUDI PEMANFAATAN JAGUNG SEBAGAI TANAMAN PEMBATAS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) PADA TANAMAN CABAI)
Authors: Friarini Yogi Puspo , Witjaksono Witjaksono , Suputa Suputa
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effect of maize as barrier crop to prevent the spread of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the yellow virus vector in pepper farming. The research was conducted in the field at Pakem, Sleman, during two cropping seasons from October 2014 to February 2015 as first planting period and in April to August 2015 as second planting period. The escalation of B. tabaci (Gennadius) populations was directly correlated with virus yellow peppers increment. The result indicated that planting barrier was effective in reducing the spread of B. tabaci (Gennadius) in pepper plants. The population of B. tabaci (Gennadius) in plots with pepper surrounded by maize was lower compared to plots without maize barrier, showed that the yellow virus spreads on pepper can be minimized, and hence the incidence of yellow disease was also decreased.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penanaman jagung sebagai pemberian tanaman pembatas (barrier) untuk mengatasi penyebaran Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) yang merupakan vektor virus kuning pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan pertanaman cabai di Pakem, Sleman. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua musim tanam dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2015 pada periode tanam I dan bulan April 2015 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2015 pada periode tanam II. Meningkatnya populasi B. tabaci (Gennadius) berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya virus kuning pada cabai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman tanaman pembatas (barrier) cukup efektif mengurangi penyebaran B. tabaci (Gennadius) pada ke dalam petak tanaman cabai. Populasi B. tabaci (Gennadius) pada petak tanaman cabai yang dikelilingi tanaman jagung lebih rendah jika dibanding dengan petak tanaman cabai yang tidak dikelililing tanaman jagung, sehingga secara tidak langsung penyebaran virus kuning pada cabai dapat diminimalisir.
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‘Griogal Cridhe’ Aspects of Transmission in the Lament for Griogair Ruadh Mac Griogair of Glen Strae
Authors: Blankenhorn V. S.
Published: February 2017

With the advent of Tobar an Dualchais (www.tobarandualchais.co.uk), the online trove of materials recorded from oral tradition during the last century and held by the National Trust for Scotland, the BBC, and the sound archive of the School of Scottish Studies, it has become easier to integrate study of published and manuscript versions of traditional materials – most of which date from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries – with more recent orally-transmitted versions of the same materials. Such study has the potential to help us understand the workings of oral transmission over time, to evaluate the printed and manuscript sources of an earlier day, and to understand the complex inter-relationship between written and orally-transmitted traditional materials in the Gàidhealtachd itself.
‘Tha Feum Air Cabhaig’ The Initiative of the Folklore Institute of Scotland
Authors: Cheape Hugh
Published: February 2017

‘There is a need for haste’ formed the editorial message in An Gàidheal in May 1947, more pithily expressive in Gaelic, calling for the urgent collection of the oral tradition of Gaelic Scotland. Shortly thereafter, The Folklore Institute of Scotland (FIOS) was formed with the stated object of recording song and story and the oral cultural heritage of the country.
Air do Dheagh Shlàinte Iain Mhic Aonghuis
Authors: Dòmhnallach Ailean
Published: February 2017

Music
‘Cacmhor an Comann na Goill’
Authors: Gillies William
Published: February 2017

This poem has not been edited before, but is of interest at several levels. I offer it to John MacInnes as one who has had a longstanding interest in the Highland-Lowland cultural interface, and more particularly as one who has written perceptively about the way Gaels perceive their Lowland neighbours, a perspective that can be obscured by the plethora of writings on the way the Lowlanders perceive the Gaels.
The Legendary History of Alasdair MacColla As Received from Dugald Macdougall of Crubasdale, Kintyre, in 1825
Authors: Lyle Emily
Published: February 2017

This legendary history is found among the papers of Andrew Crawfurd held in the Central Library in Paisley.
Yeatsian Shades In Ó Direáin and Macgill-Eain
Authors: Mac Giolla Léith Caoimhín
Published: February 2017

Michael Hartnett’s grandiloquent valediction ‘A Farewell to English’, first delivered from the stage of the Peacock Theatre in Dublin in 1974, announced the thirty-three year-old poet’s decision to cease publishing in his native English, the language in which he had already earned a considerable reputation, in order to devote himself henceforth to poetry in Irish.
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Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2017

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GAMBARAN SKRINING RESEP PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS KOTA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2015
Authors: HINDRATNI FINDY , JAELANI ABDUL KHODIR
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Skrining resep merupakan salah satu bagian dari pelayanan farmasi klinik di Puskesmas, dengan melakukan skrining resep dapat menurunkan kesalahan pengobatan dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran skrining resep di Puskesmas wilayah kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan crossectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara retrospektif (data resep obat bulan mei 2015) di Puskesmas kota Yogyakarta yaitu puskesmas Jetis, Margangsan dan Tegalrejo dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 960 resep. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi skrining resep  gambaran skrining resep di puskesmas kota Yogyakarta belum dilakukan secara menyeluruh, mayoritas skrining resep yang  belum dilakukan oleh petugas farmasi yaitu berat badan pasien (97,5%), pencantuman nama dokter, paraf dokter, surat ijin praktek dokter (46,4%), dan alergi obat (93,5%).

Kata kunci: Skrining resep, Puskesmas

 

Abstract

 

Screening recipe is one part of clinical pharmacy services at the health center, by screening a prescription can decrease keselahan treatment and improve patient safety. The purpose of this study to look at the picture of the recipe screening at the health center area of the city of Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive observational with cross sectional approach. Data collection was performed by means of a retrospective (drug prescription data in May 2015) in the city health center Jetis Yogyakata ie, Margangsan and Tegalrejo with a total sample of 960 prescriptions. Based on identification screening recipe recipe picture screening in the clinic of Yogyakarta city as a whole has not been conducted in stages, the majority of screening recipe has not been done by the pharmacist that the patient's weight (97.5%), the inclusion of the doctor's name, initials doctor, physician practice license (46 , 4%), and allergy medications (93.5%).

 Keywords: Screening recipes, health center
HUBUNGAN PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PRESTASI SISWA KELAS 5 DI SD AL AZHAR SYIFABUDI PEKANBARU TAHUN 2012
Authors: Wahyuni Rika Sri
Published: February 2017

Anak-anak dalam mengembangkan semua potensinya membutuhkan dukungan dari lingkungan sekitar, khususnya dari orang tua mereka. Peran orang tua sangat tinggi dalam menentukan prestasi siswa, dalam hal ini orang tua yang memperhatikan pendidikan anak mereka, akan selalu memperhatikan kebutuhan belajar anak-anaknya, sehingga anak-anak mereka dapat meraih prestasi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adakah hubungan peran orangtua terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di kelas 5 SD Al Azhar Syifabudi Pekanbaru 2012

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain analitik dan pendekatan cross sectional. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square.

Hasil penelitian analisis univariat diperoleh dari 63 responden, 62 orangtua memiliki peran yang baik dan 100% siswa dengan prestasi baik. Untuk uji bivariate diperoleh x2 hit > x2 tabel (13,4 > 3,84) yang berarti ha diterima.

Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan peran orangtua terhadap prestasi siswa kelas 5 di SD Al Azhar Syifabudi Pekanbaru tahun 2012

Kata kunci : peran orangtua, prestasi anak
Área foliar de Caraipa utilis Vásquez en un varillal de la Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, Loreto, Perú
Authors: Chumbe Ycomedes Alan Christian , Zárate Gómez Ricardo , Ruiz Diaz Luisin , Mozombite Pinto Linder Felipe , Dávila Doza Hilda Paulette
Published: February 2017

Se determinó un modelo matemático para estimar el área foliar de Caraipa utilis Vásquez en base al largo y ancho de la lámina foliar en el Bosque sobre arena blanca de la Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana. Se realizó el inventario de los individuos mayores a 10 cm de DAP de Caraipa utilis Vásquez en 1 ha. Después se seleccionó al azar 10 árboles, colectándose 50 hojas/árbol, evaluando al largo, ancho y largo por ancho. El largo promedio fue de 74,95 mm, con un ancho promedio de 32,55 mm. El área foliar calculada fue 1474,64 mm2, lo cual corresponde al tipo macrófila. Se desarrolló dos modelos matemáticos: El modelo lineal (AF = 281,757 + 0,473284 LxA, R2 = 0,774), sugerido para investigaciones que no requieran un grado de precisión elevado en la estimación de los datos. El segundo modelo es el cuadrático (AF = 63,205 + 0,63066 LxA – 0,0000238549 LxA2, R2 = 0,783), recomendado en investigaciones que requieran mayor precisión en la obtención de datos. Los modelos propuestos son válidos para esta especie, ya que tienen precisión, son prácticos y fáciles de medir, pero la elección del modelo a utilizar, dependerá del criterio del investigador y el propósito del estudio.
Resúmenes Presentaciones Orales VI ECAP
Authors: Vargas Arana Editor Gabriel
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se pueden encontrar los resúmenes de las presentaciones orales del VI Ecuentro Científico de la Amazonía Peruana, desarrollado el 27 y 28 de cotubre de 2015 en la ciudad de Iquitos, Perú.
Comentario a la sentencia de la Sala Constitucional número 2011-010832: declaratoria de inconstitucionalidad del 60% de apoyo exigido para la huelga legal
Authors: Arrieta Segleau Fabián
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo constituye un análisis crítico de la sentencia de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia número 2011-010832. Esta anuló la exigencia de un porcentaje de apoyo del 60%para la declaratoria de legalidad de la huelga. Concretamente se examina las consecuencias de ese fallo en la flexibilización del ejercicio de ese derecho fundamental, en su naturaleza jurídica, y regulación procesal. Se hace referencia a la situación actual del requisito cuantitativo para asistir a la huelga, a partir del pronunciamiento del Tribunal Constitucional y las resoluciones de los órganos de control de la OIT, particularmente la Comisión de Expertos en la Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones, y cuál es la labor de los Tribunales de Trabajo, ante la delegación efectuada en el voto a la hora de determinar el quórum exigido para la declaratoria de huelga legal. También se aborda la problemática provocada por el fallo al establecer que, previo a la declaratoria de ilegalidad y durante la vigencia del movimiento de presión cuando éste sea considerado legal, se debe mantener el pago de salario para las personas que huelgan. Además, se fundamenta la incidencia de esa determinación en la naturaleza jurídica de ese instituto jurídico y las posibles repercusiones prácticas para la empresa. Finalmente, se hace referencia a la participación en el movimiento de presión como justa causa de despido y la naturaleza del incidente de calificación  de huelga y su repercusión en la terminación de los contratos de trabajo.
El respeto de los principios laborales y el acceso a la justicia en los procesos de empleo público y seguridad social tramitados ante la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa
Authors: Hidalgo Rueda Francisco , Vargas Rodríguez Irving
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se exponen y analizan las implicaciones que ha tenido la declaratoria de inconstitucionalidad del artículo 3.a) del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo (Ley Nº 8508 del 28 de abril del 2006, vigente a partir del 1 de enero del 2008, Gaceta N° 120 del 22 de junio del 2006), así como del numeral 402.d) del Código de Trabajo (Ley Nº 2 del 27 de agosto de 1943), mediante los votos de la Sala Constitucional números 9928, de las 15:00 horas del 9 de junio, 11034 de las 14:51 horas, del 23 de junio y 17900, de las 15:00 horas del 27 de octubre, todos del 2010.