bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CATALYSTS USED IN SULFUR PRODUCTION AT ZHANAZHOL GAS PROCESSING PLANT (ZHGPP)
Authors: Sheryazov Saken , Kainenova Tursyngul , Kosmbayeva Gulzhan , Otarbayeva Ainagul
Published: October 2024

Қазіргі уақытта табиғи газ әлемнің көптеген дамыған елдерінің отын-энергетикалық балансының маңызды құрамдас бөлігі болып табылады. Ірі газ конденсатты кен орындарын игеру барысында газ құрамында күкіртінің көп болуы кедергі келтіреді, әсіресе қоршаған ортаны қорғауды қамтамасыз ету бойынша экологиялық стандарттар қатаңдатылуына байланысты қышқылды газдар терең тазартуды талап етеді. Мәселенің маңызды аспектісі сонымен қатар технологиялық газдарды терең тазарту қажеттілігі болып табылады. Сәйкесінше қышқылды компоненттерді азайту немесе жойып жіберу арқасында өндірілетін өнімнің сапасы үнемі артып отырады. Термодинамикалық шектеулерге байланысты күкірт қосылыстарының конверсия тереңдігі 100%-ға жетпейді және, әдетте, қалдық газдармен бірге 0,5-1,0% күкіртсутек бөлінеді, содан кейін Клаус қондырғыларының "қалдық" газдарын қосымша тазарту қажеттілігі туындайды. Күкіртсіздендіру процесін дамыту қолданыстағы дәстүрлі қондырғы технологияларын жетілдіру қажеттілігі туындайды. Сондықтан жаңа катализаторлар мен адсорбенттерді синтездеу мәселелері белсенді түрде зерттелуде, күкірт диоксидін тазарту процестеріне қол жетімді және арзан материал ретінде темір оксиді катализаторын енгізу мәселелері қарастырылуда.  Құрамында темірі бар катализаторларды H2S тотығуына сынау барысында элементтердің өзара әрекеттесу сипаты мен морфологиясы анықталды.
200℃ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАДА АУЫР МҰНАЙДЫ БУМЕН ТЕРМИЯЛЫҚ ӨҢДЕУДІҢ ТИІМДІЛІГІН АРТТЫРУ ҮШІН БЕТТІК БЕЛСЕНДІ ЗАТТАРДЫ ҚОЛДАНУ
Authors: Балгынова Акжаркын , Саркулова Жадырасын , Шукирова Сымбат , Жанаева Мадина , Шерьязов Сакен
Published: October 2024

In the presented work influence of surfactants on of the oil transformation regularities in hydrothermal conditions was studied. The oil with density 0,9727 g/cm3 was chosen as objects of research. It has been established that the introduction of surfactants reduces the content of resinous asphaltenes as a result of peptizing action on asphaltene aggregates. As a result, more carbon-heteroatom bonds in asphaltenes are involved in the processes of destructive hydrogenation. According to the results of SARA - and chromato-mass-spectral analysis, a change of mass fractions of each fraction is observed. When using the surfactant "SA-3" the content of saturated hydrocarbons is 20% higher than in the original sample, while in the oil sample with the surfactant "SBG" the content is almost unchanged. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons increased significantly with the addition of "SBG" by 19%, and with the addition of "SA-3" by 10%, which is due to the newly formed low molecular weight saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Asphaltene content also changed significantly, the sample with the addition of "SA-3" showed a decrease of 12% and with the addition of "Biolub green" a decrease of 9% relative to the original oil. The dynamic viscosity at 20℃ of the original oil is 3000 mPa∙s at a shear rate of 1.3 s-1. When using non-ionic surfactants of GK "Mirrico" of "Biolub green" type after the experiments, the viscosity decreases by 22%, and when adding "SA-3" surfactants by 30%. The use of surfactants in the development of heavy oil fields by steam-heat methods will increase the oil recovery factor.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КАТЕГОРИИ ЧИСЛА ВЕЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ИМЕН СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ В 21-ОМ ВЕКЕ: ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Чихорич Сандра
Published: October 2024

Бұл зерттеу көпше түрі жоқ немесе бұл формалардың жасалуы ауыспалы болып келетін нақты зат есімдердің қолданылуына бағытталған. Зерттеу нысаны – көптік түрі жоқ зат есімдер немесе бұл формалардың жасалуы ауыспалы. Зерттеу пәні – зат есімдегі сан категориясының қызмет ету ерекшеліктері мен семантикасы. Негізгі терминдерді анықтағаннан кейін біз орыс тілінің ұлттық корпусынан осы зат есімдер кездесетін мысалдарды талдадық. Зерттеу орыс тілінің ұлттық корпусының материалы бойынша, атап айтқанда ауызша субкорпустың 21 ғасыр мәтіндері бойынша жүргізілді. Зерттеудің практикалық маңыздылығы оның нәтижелерін орыс тілінің грамматикасы бойынша лекциялық курстарда, сондай-ақ шет тілі ретінде орыс тіліндегі практикалық сабақтарда қолдануға болады. Теориялық маңыздылығы оның нәтижелерінің қазіргі орыс тіліндегі зат есімдердің қызметін түсінуге көмектесетіндігінде, өйткені олар норма мен қолдану арасындағы сәйкессіздікті сипаттайды. Алынған нәтижелерді орыс тілін оқытудың әртүрлі кезеңдерінде, сондай-ақ морфология курстарында қолдануға болады.
ЦИФРЛЫҚ ШЫНДЫҚ ТУДЫРҒАН МӘСЕЛЕЛЕР
Authors: Аманиязова Бағдагүл , Жалмағанбетова Амангул
Published: October 2024

В этой статье автор поднимает проблему, как изменилось «нормальное бытие» в глазах современного поколения. Кардинальные изменения, вызванные технологической инфраструктурой, и сдвиги, вызванные ими в жизни общества, неоднократно менялись в жизни одного поколения. Развитие цифровой реальности с неоценимой скоростью стало реальностью, которую человечество должно принять, изучить, адаптироваться. Это новый этап познания мира. Новый этап требует нового человека, который может по-новому думать о себе, об окружающей действительности и о своей роли в этой реальности. В статье автор выделил проблемы, с которыми сталкивается человек в условиях новой цифровой реальности. Новое время постоянно меняется. Это изменение стало постоянным процессом. Человек постоянно живет в состоянии ожидания. Виртуальный мир не только предоставляет возможности, но и создает противоречия. Перед человечеством возникли серьезные проблемы. Люди начали выражать себя с помощью образов, которые они придумывали, создавали, и эти образы не соответствует их реальному существованию.Автор говорит о том, что посредством информационной культуры возможно сохранение существенных моральных норм и ценностей.
ОКОМКОВАНИЕ МЕЛКОДИСПЕРСНОГО ХРОМОВОГО СЫРЬЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ СВЯЗУЮЩИХ
Authors: Лайхан Саламат , Салкынбаев Бекарыс
Published: October 2024

В данной статье описаны существующие способы окомкования. Рассмотрены их основные методы и механизмы. Подробно описаны технологии формирования окатышей. В работе в качестве исследуемых материалов использованы материалы по отработке технологии холодного окускования шлама газоочистки в смеси с богатой пылью инерционных уловителей и пылью после сушки хромовой руды. Материал представляет собой сыпучее вещество, получаемое после сушки хромовой руды. Приведены химический состав мелкодисперсного хромого сырья. Связующим материалом выступает органическое вещество, твердый и аморфный материал полиакриламид который представляющий собой полимер на основе амида акриловой кислоты, без запаха, порошок крупностью менее 1 мм, цемент марки М400/В22,5, глинопорошок для хромовых окатышей и неорганическое связующее EB. Был сделан сравнительный анализ и отличия между связующими материалами. также получены результаты лабораторных исследований по окускованию. Окатыши были испытаны на сброс, на установке по определению прочности на сбрасывание, на удар и истирание. Приведены результаты испытания окатышей на прочность, которые представлены результаты на графике. Оценены качественные показатели полученных продуктов и устойчивости к транспортировке и многочисленных пересыпок. Подобрана рецептура оптимального состава смеси для окомкования.
THE ESSENCE OF SECURITIES AS AN OBJECT OF CIVIL LAW RELATIONS
Authors: Sautbayeva Saltanat
Published: October 2024

Гражданское право Республики Казахстан в числе объектов хозяйственной деятельности устанавливает материальные, нематериальные блага. Круг этих благ многообразен. К их числу можно отнести: вещи, деньги, ценные бумаги, иное имущество, в том числе имущественные права, работы и услуги, охраняемые результаты интеллектуальной деятельности и приравненные к ним средства индивидуализации, нематериальные блага. Особую категорию вещей в гражданском праве составляют ценные бумаги. В развитой экономике объектом товарного оборота становятся не только вещи, но и имущественные права, в том числе оформленные в специальные документы - ценные бумаги. Основную особенность этих документов составляет близкая, неразрывная связь выраженных в них прав с документальной формой их фиксации. Данная роль ценной бумаги определена наличием ряда свойств, делает ее отличительной от иных юридических документов, которыми также подтверждаются субъективные гражданские права их держателей, владельцев. В статье изучен процесс становления рынка ценных бумаг в Республике Казахстан, процесс создания законодательной базы, четкое отражение в законодательстве правовой природы рынка ценных бумаг, особенности рынка ценных бумаг, являющиеся сферой формирования спроса и предложения ценных бумаг. Затронута история появления и становления рынка ценных бумаг. Отмечены характерные правовые черты ценных бумаг: свойства, форма, гражданско-правовой статус.
ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ ЕЛДІ МЕКЕНДЕРДІ КӨГАЛДАНДЫРУ ТАРИХЫ
Authors: Утарбаева Нурлыгуль , Силантьева Марина
Published: October 2024

The article examines the history of growing trees and shrubs in Kazakhstan. The beginning of work on planting woody vegetation in order to protect settlements from strong winds, dust, and snow falls on the 19th century. Since then, there have been ongoing transformations, such as the transfer of areas where woody vegetation was grown to urban growth, and instead the transfer of eroded land from agricultural use to logging. As a result of the work carried out, information about the types of trees and shrubs, the pace of landscaping work, and information about the acclimatization of previously un-planted tree species increased. Thanks to this, woody plants were sown in all localities without exception. The accumulated scientific data led to the continuation of the study of vegetation in the Aktobe region. The green zone near Aktobe was allocated from the shares of the Aktobe State Forestry Fund in 1960-1980. In 1990, the total area of the green zone was 10526 hectares. Since then, the green area in the dendrological plan consists of pine, poplar, ash, maple, acacia, honeysuckle, irga, and the base - of elm and currant. From 1989 to 1990, in order to create a green zone of the city of Aktobe, work was carried out on the designation of land. In the next 19 years (1990-2009), no updates or studies were conducted. 2009-2014 The soil, geobotanical, and taxational analysis of the past changes in the reconstruction of green spaces in the sanitary protection zone of Aktobe was carried out and continued to the present time.
Exploring the Impact of Meditation Therapy on CD4 Levels in HIV/AIDS Patients at Karawang Hospital
Authors: Dea Dea , Karo Marni Br , Wati Puri Kresna
Published: October 2024

Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a significant global health concern, with increasing prevalence in Indonesia's Karawang Regency. People living with HIV/AIDS face numerous challenges, including a decline in immune function and CD4 T-cell depletion. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment, there is a growing interest in complementary therapies to support immune function and overall well-being. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of meditation therapy on CD4 levels in HIV/AIDS patients at Karawang Regional General Hospital. Methods: A quasiexperimental study with a prepost design was conducted on 15 HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 levels ranging from 200–500 cells/mm3. The participants engaged in meditation sessions twice a week, twice daily, for one month. CD4 levels were measured before and after the intervention. Demographic data were collected, and statistical analyses were performed via paired t tests (p<0.05). Results: Most of the participants were male (80%), aged 31-37 years (46.7%), and had a vocational high school education (40%). Preintervention CD4 levels ranged from 226 to 459 cells/mm3 (mean: 334.87±57.583), whereas postintervention levels ranged from 220 to 467 cells/mm3 (mean: 340.93±62.721). A paired t test revealed no statistically significant effect of meditation therapy on CD4 levels (p=0.150). Conclusion: This study revealed no significant increase in CD4 levels following a one-month meditation intervention in HIV/AIDS patients. While this research does not support the use of short-term meditation therapy to increase CD4 levels in HIV/AIDS patients, it underscores the need for further investigation of complementary therapies for this population.
Text Mining and Unsupervised Learning Techniques for Tweet Classification in the Peruvian Social Context
Authors: Guevara-Ponce Victor , Paredes Ofelia Roque , Iparraguirre-Villanueva Orlando
Published: October 2024

Background: Currently, there has been an exponential growth in the volume of unstructured data, especially with the use of social networks. Technological progress has allowed the adoption of processes, techniques, and methods to obtain information from these data. Objective: This work aims to analyze and classify Tweets in the context of Peru's social upheaval, using text mining (TM) and unsupervised learning (UL) techniques. Methods: More than 268k tweets were collected and processed, with the hashtag of the trends occurred in the first two weeks of February 2023: #ParoNacional, #RenunciaYa and #Renuncia. Within a radius of 1000km from the city of Lima. Data cleaning and feature selection techniques were used. Then, UL techniques, such as clustering and sentiment analysis, were applied to classify the Tweets generated in social networks using the Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) model. Results: The result of the analysis of Tweets related to the social upheaval in Peru shows a polarization in the opinions of users, with one group supporting the protests and another criticizing them. Recurring themes have been identified as the resignation of the president, Lima centralism, congressional shutdown, corruption, and social inequality. The sentiment analysis shows a mix of positive and negative emotions, with words grouping negative sentiment being the most recurrent. Sentiment was classified into three polarity categories: positive, negative, and neutral, corresponding to 37%, 58% and 5%, respectively. There is also criticism of the government for its lack of action and police violence during demonstrations. Conclusions: Finally, it is concluded that UL techniques have been effective in classifying Tweets according to their polarity.
Effect of 2-PL and 3-PL Models on the Ability Estimate in Mathematics Binary Items
Authors: Iwintolu Rukayat Oyebola , Opesemowo Oluwaseyi Aina Gbolade , Adetutu Phebean Oluwaseyi
Published: October 2024

The investigation delves into examining the influence of 2-parameter logistic (PL) and 3-parameter logistic models on the ability estimates of students in mathematical binary items. It ascertained the parameters of the items in the 2-PL and 3-PL models. We employed Item Response Theory (IRT) in the design of this research survey, with a sample comprising 1015 senior secondary (SS) students in SS III classes who were analyzed using both models in the investigation. The Mathematics Achievement Test instrument was adapted from the General Mathematics Paper 1 of the Senior School Certificate Examination administered by the West Africa Examinations Council (WAEC). Results indicated that the 2-PL model shows lower difficulty levels but higher discriminatory indices. Statistical analysis revealed a significant (F = 19.52, p < 0.05 and F = 18.52, p < 0.05) effect of both models, respectively, on ability estimates in mathematics binary items among Nigerian secondary school students. We established that item parameters in the 2-PL and 3-PL models significantly affected the ability estimate of Nigeria secondary school students in binary mathematics items, while the 3-PL model provided a better ability estimate than the 2-PL model.
Buğdayda Yapay Epidemi altında Sarı Pas Hastalığı İnokule Edilen ve Edilmeyen Bitkilerin Ayrımında Çok Bantlı (Hiperspektral) Verilerin Kullanılma Olanaklarının Araştırılması
Authors: Aydoğdu Metin , Akan Kadir
Published: October 2024

Sarı pas (Etmen; Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) hastalığının erken dönemde kontrolü yaşanabilecek kayıpların en alt düzeye indirilmesinde krtik derecede önemlidir. Araştırmada hastalık inokule edilen ve inokule edilmeyen bazı ekmeklik ve makarnalık çeşitlerinde spektral yansıma değerleri hesaplanmış, elde edilen grafikler yorumlanarak hastalık stresinin değişen fenolojik dönemlerdeki farklı bant aralıklarındaki gelişimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma 2018-2019 yetiştirme sezonunda Bayraktar 2000, Demir 2000, Eser ve Kenanbey ekmeklik çeşitleri ile Çeşit-1252, Eminbey, Kızıltan 91 ve Mirzabey 2000 makarnalık çeşitleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Materyal 33-35 cm sıra arası,1 m uzunluğundaki sıraya 3 tekerrürlü olarak Ekim ayı içinde elle ekilmiştir. Hastalığın taze sporları uçucu mineral yağ içinde homojenize edilerek %0, %25, %50, %100 uygulama dozlarında test materyaline uygulanmıştır. Hastalığın reaksiyon değerlendirmeleri 25 Mayıs ile 06, 15 Haziran tarihlerinde yapılmış olup, enfeksiyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucu inokule edilmeyen grupla farklı uygulama dozu inokule edilen gruplar karşılaştırıldığında, spektral yansıma değerleri, aynı gelişme dönemi boyunca görünür bölgede artarken, Yakın Kızıl Ötesi bölgede azalma tespit edilmiştir. Hastalık inokule edilmeyen Ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde çiçeklenmenin başlangıcı olan (25 Mayıs 2019) erken orta dönemde (10.5.1), görünür bölge bantlarında düşük yansıma değerleri tespit edilmiş olup, kırmızı (red) bölgeden itibaren yansıma değerlerinde bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Dane bağlama dönemi olan (06 Haziran 2019) orta-geç dönemde (10.5.3), süt olum dönemi olan geç dönemde (10.5.4) Yakın Kızıl Ötesi bölgede ise yansıma değerlerinde bir azalma belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda buğdayda farklı fenolojik dönemlerde belirlenen yansıma değerleri incelendiğinde, sarı pas hastalığının teşhisinde erken-orta gelişme döneminde, görünür bölge bantlarının, orta-geç dönemde ise Yakın Kızıl Ötesi bölge bantlarının daha belirleyici olduğu görülmüştür.Çalışmanın farklı lokasyonlarda farklı hastalık dozlarında daha sık zaman aralıklarında tekrarlanması ve insanız hava araçlarına takılmış hyperspektral kameralarla doğrulanması faydalı olacaktır.
Characterization of the bioactive components of Chloris virgata Sw. and assessment of its antimicrobial and anti-arthritic potential
Authors: Kumari Dolly , Chaudhary Priya , Yadav Priya , Janmeda Pracheta
Published: October 2024

The goals of this study are to characterize the bioactive ingredients present in the formulation of three parts of Chloris virgata Sw. and to assess their antimicrobial and anti-arthritic properties. C. virgata Sw. extracts (methanol, hydro-ethanol, and aqueous) were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Antimicrobial activity was measured with the disc diffusion method, and anti-arthritic activity was determined by an in vitro protein denaturation assay. The in-vivo study was performed on methanol extract, and the biochemical and hematological parameters were investigated by Freund’s complete adjuvant model. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins, whereas FTIR results show functional groups like carboxylic acids, alkenes, amides, carbohydrates and proteins, ether, and esters. Methanol and hydroethanol extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity at 400 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger in comparison to the standards streptomycin and fluconazole at 10 μg/ mL. In-vitro results of the methanol extract clearly show 72.58% inhibition as compared to other extracts. In-vivo anti-arthritic evaluation was performed with methanol extract, and it showed remarkable paw reduction in the treated group on 21st day at a high dose (2.2 ± 0.1) as compared to indomethacin (1.74 ± 0.114). Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, and biochemical parameters like alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (51.36 ± 9.113 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (64.65 ± 10.011 IU/L), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (129.35 ± 13.53 IU/L) were restored to normal in the treated. The findings indicated that C. virgata extracts under UV spectroscopy and FTIR revealed significant bioactive components, which are determined to be significant contributors to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
Identidades fronterizas: intersticios y pluralidades en la construcción identitaria de las comunas étnicas de Manglaralto, Ecuador
Authors: Lager Marie-Therese
Published: October 2024

This article demonstrates that the social categories of indigenous and white-mestizo are essentialist, reductionist, and therefore insufficient to encompass the diverse expressions of identity that exist. Understood through fluid and interchangeable lines, a new category is proposed: the border identity. Exemplified through the ethnic communes of the parish of Manglaralto, in the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador, this new category is intended to reconcile opposites and dismantle existing binaries to better capture the multifaceted social diversity of different sociocultural expressions. Previously agricultural, these communes have been transformed into internationally known tourist destinations, while being denied recognition of their ethnic identity due to the acculturations they have been subject to through various historical periods. Their members are labeled as acculturated indigenous or cholos, too mestizo to be considered indigenous and too indigenous to be considered mestizo. Qualitative methods such as participant observations, informal conversations, and semi-structured interviews were used for the ethnographic work spanning more than four years. The data collected and analyzed data showed how these communities, through constant negotiation with the white-mestizo world, achieve autonomy even within deeply dependent relationships. The study illustrates how they operate from an interstice, an intermediate space, which complicates their placement within existing social categories, underscoring the need to conceptualize new social categories beyond traditional binaries.
The congruence $x^n\equiv -a^n\pmod{m}$: Solvability and related OEIS sequences
Authors:   Tampere University, Merikoski Jorma K. , Haukkanen Pentti ,   Tampere University, Tossavainen Timo ,   Lulea University of Technology
Published: October 2024

We study the solvability of the congruence $x^n\equiv -a^n\pmod{m}$, where $n,m\in\mathbb{Z}_+$, $a\in\mathbb{Z}$, and $\gcd{(a,m)}=1$. Our motivation arises from computer experiments concerning a geometric property of the roots of the congruence $x^n+y^n\equiv 0\pmod{p}$, where $n\in\mathbb{Z}_+$ and $p\in\mathbb{P}$. We encounter several OEIS sequences. We also make new observations on some of them.
For catching-by-polymerization oligo purification: scalable synthesis of the precursors to the polymerizable tagging phosphoramidites
Authors: Yin Yipeng , Chillar Komal , Apostle Alexander , Halami Bhaskar , Eriyagama Adikari M. Dhananjani N. , Tanasova Marina , Fang Shiyue
Published: October 2024

The catching-by-polymerization (CBP) oligodeoxynucleotide (oligo or ODN) purification method has been demonstrated suitable for large-scale, parallel, and long oligo purification. The authenticity of the oligos has been verified via DNA sequencing, and gene construction and expression. A remaining obstacle to the practical utility of the CBP method is affordable polymerizable tagging phosphoramidites (PTPs) that are needed for the method. In this article, we report scalable synthesis of the four nucleoside (dA, dC, dG and T) precursors to the PTPs using a route having five steps from inexpensive starting materials. The overall yields ranged from 21% to 35%. The scales of the synthesis presented here are up to 2.1 grams of the precursors. Because the syntheses are chromatography-free, further scaling up the syntheses of the precursors have become more feasible. With the precursors, the PTPs can be synthesized in one step using standard methods involving a chromatography purification.
Legible for Whom? Decentering the Dichotomy of Center and Periphery
Authors: Kang Esther Y.
Published: October 2024

What does it mean to have and sustain a decolonial design practice in the aftermath of political rupture? With an emphasis on elevating the heterogeneity of scale, dynamics, and lived realities, this work focuses on the ways designers and technologists determine the orientation of their worldmaking practices. This work prompts designers and technologists to consider the diverse range of politics of a locale in their efforts toward decoloniality.
Use of triplet loss for facial restoration in low-resolution images
Authors:   , PULGAR ESPINOZA SEBASTIAN ,   https://repositorio.uc.cl/dspace/bitstreams/f29ea568-1507-419a-bd1b-69163585310d/download
Published: October 2024

En los últimos años, el reconocimiento facial (FR) se ha convertido en la técnica biométrica más importante. Sin embargo, los desafíos inherentes al hardware utilizado para capturar las imágenes, puede generar degradaciones e imágenes de baja resolución. Este problema impacta significativamente la calidad de los modelos de reconocimiento facial, generando confusión y errores de clasificación. Aunque se han propuesto diversas soluciones, los modelos de superresolución (SR) han destacado en el panorama actual al generar imágenes de alta resolución (HR) a partir de imágenes de baja resolución (LR). Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos en la investigación y los números modelos de SR, el reconocimiento facial en baja resolución sigue siendo una tarea considerablemente desafiante y con gran campo de estudio. Con el propósito de abordar de manera integral los problemas fundamentales del FR en baja resolución, este trabajo llevará a cabo un análisis exhaustivo del estado del arte, comparando los modelos actuales de SR y presentando una nueva topología llamada Face Triplet Loss GAN (FTLGAN), un modelo SR el cual cambia el paradigma de esta tarea, incorporando la calidad del reconocimiento facial en el proceso de restauración, maximizando con esto el rendimiento de los modelos de FR. Para lograr esto, FTLGAN incorpora el embedding del modelo de FR en el entrenamiento, utilizando a este como una pérdida. El modelo FTLGAN fue evaluado en el dataset VGG-Face 2 presentando resultados contundentes, demostrando un d' medio, un 21% por encima de los mejores modelos del estado del arte actual, teniendo específicamente un d' = 1.099 y AUC = 0.78 para 14x⇥14 píxeles, d0 = 2.112 y AUC = 0.92 para 28⇥28 píxeles y d' = 3.049 y AUC = 0.98 para 56⇥56 píxeles, sentando los cimientos de una nueva forma de realizar SR.
Effect of Psychological Stress on the General Health of Young Adult Girls
Authors: Anjali  , Jamal Zeba , Shukla Prachi , Singh Akanksha
Published: October 2024

Stress is a condition of anxiety or mental fatigue brought on by difficult situation. Stress is prevalent among young girls. Psychological stress has been shown to have a significant effect on general health, particularly in young adults traversing a challenging stage of life marked by emotional, social, and intellectual obstacles. Young adult girls (ages 18 to 25) should pay special attention to this since they experience particular stressors from burgeoning careers, social expectations, body image concerns, and scholastic constraints. Given that stress has been connected to both physical and mental health issues, it is imperative that they comprehend how these stressors are affecting their overall health. This study aims to explore the effects of psychological stress on the general health of young adult girls by examining the relationship between stress levels and various health outcomes. The present study investigates the effects of mental stress on the general health of young adult girls. The study conducted in the Month of April-May 2024. Insight of the Study Data collection from 100 respondents (girls) from Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology were gathered from a varied sample of young girls using a self-structured questionnaire (Google form). Descriptive research design was opted for the study. The study shows that 85% of girls get stressed and 46% of respondents suffer stress from career or family pressure. Sleeping (33%) is the major activity that is performed for the release of stress. 31% of girls suffer from irregular periods due to stress. The study also find that the diet of the respondents was also a major concern. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between mental stress and the health of young adult girls. Mental stress can be controlled through regular meditation and good sleeping patterns.
Entrepreneurial Behavior of Vegetable Growers and Determinants: A Study in Ferozepur District of Punjab, India
Authors: Chopra Satvik , Rathore Rakesh
Published: October 2024

The present study attempted to analyze the entrepreneurial behavior of vegetable growers and factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior of vegetable growers in Ferozepur district of Punjab during 2024. A multistage simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of the respondents. During the study total 120 vegetable growers were selected for the present study. Mean, frequency, percent, one sample t-test were used for the analysis of the collected data. The results of the study revealed that majority of the farmers (35 per cent) had experience of 5-10 years in vegetables cultivation. Farmers cultivated vegetables to avoid risk (4.26) and adopt recommended package of practices for vegetables cultivation (3.72). Access to reliable market and buyers greatly affect entrepreneurial behavior (4.57) were reported important constraint. Income enhancements through vegetable cultivation are the important motivation factor to the farmers. Favorable supportive policies in this regard may enrich the entrepreneurial ecosystem among the  vegetable growers.
A Survey of AI Methods for Detection of DDoS Attacks on Networks
Authors: Otiko Anthony Obogo , Edim Emmanuel A. , Iyang Gabriel Akibi , Oyo-Ita Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

This survey explores various artificial intelligence (AI) methods for detecting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on networks. It classifies these approaches into machine learning, deep learning, and other AI-based techniques, providing a comprehensive overview of current advancements in the field. Numerous research studies in the field of machine learning have evaluated DDoS attack detection performance using various datasets and techniques. Some noteworthy results are the supremacy of the J48 algorithm in SDN networks and the efficacy of the AdaBoost and Gradient Boost classifiers. In other investigations, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Naive Bayes also showed excellent accuracy rates, up to 99.7%. To improve DDoS detection, deep learning techniques introduced autoencoders, hybrid models, and recurrent neural networks. These models achieved accuracy rates as high as 99.99%, frequently outperforming more conventional machine learning techniques. Enhanced detection rates were achieved by the utilization of a varied dataset in conjunction with deep-stacked autoencoders. Artificial intelligence methods such as Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Bee Colony, Ant Colony Optimization, and Whale Optimization Algorithm were used to identify DDoS assaults. These methods demonstrated high accuracy rates, efficient detection of various attack types, and improvements in reducing false positives; the integration of these techniques into intrusion detection systems offers a strong defense against dynamic DDoS threats. The overall survey highlights the effectiveness of AI techniques in DDoS attack detection across various methodologies.
Rapid Screening of Traditional Rice Cultivars against Drought Using Tolerance Indices of Seedlings
Authors: Debbarma Swarnajit , Roy Monish , Nayak Jeeban Kumar , Poddar Sagnik , Saha Pallabi , Sharma Priyanka , Biswas Nipa , Roy Bidhan
Published: October 2024

Aim: To screen the traditional cultivars of rice based on the tolerance indices of seedling characteristics.
Study Design: The experimental plan used was Complete Randomized Design with 59 treatments (genotypes) and two replications.
Place of Study: P.G. Laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, India.
Methodology: Seedling was raised in glass in two sets- PEG-mediated drought and normal conditions.
Results: All the seedling characters showed highly significant differences among the varieties, different culture conditions as well as interaction between varieties and environment. Most of the cultivars exhibited reduction in number of primary roots per plant, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight. Finally the cultivars were grouped under three categories- tolerant, semi-tolerant and susceptible based on mean tolerance index (MTI). The cultivars having ≥ 90.00, MTI Kashiya binni, Jhagri kartik and Garu Chakua were considered as tolerant. Among those three cultivars, Kashiya binni was found to be highly tolerant to drought as its MTI was ≥ 100.00 (114.96). Subsequently 22 cultivars were classified as semi-tolerant. In conclusion, the tolerance indices of seedling traits and subsequently the MTI can be used for rapid screening of rice genotypes for water stress.
Innovative Strategies for Controlling Sorghum Shoot Fly: Seed Treatments and Botanical Insecticides
Authors: Bhall Ritu , Sharma Bajrang Lal , Yadav Sunita , Kapil  , Kumar Akshay , Arvind
Published: October 2024

Aim: To assess the efficacy of various treatments for managing sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani, and their effects on plant vigour, growth, yield, and Incremental Cost-Benefit Ratio (ICBR).
Study Design: A field experiment with a Randomized Block Design, involving three replications and nine treatments.
Place and Duration of Study: Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (29.1492° N, 75.7217° E), during the Kharif season of 2020.
Methodology: Sorghum variety Swarna was sown in August 2020. Treatments included Imidacloprid 70WS, Thiamethoxam 30FS, Neem oil, Karanj oil, and their combinations. Treatments were applied at 7 and 17 days after emergence. Data on plant stand, egg counts, dead hearts (%), plant height, green fodder yield, and ICBR were analyzed.
Results: Thiamethoxam 30FS @ 10ml/kg + neem oil @ 2% showed the best performance, significantly reducing shoot fly infestation (19.98%) and enhancing plant vigour (1.00), height (86.93 cm), and yield (309.60 q/ha). Neem oil @ 2% was more effective than Karanj oil @ 2%. Imidacloprid 70WS had the highest Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio (ICBR) (1:21), while Karanj oil @ 2% had the lowest (1:0.78).
Conclusion: Thiamethoxam 30FS @ 10ml/kg + neem oil @ 2% was the most effective for managing shoot fly and improving crop performance. Imidacloprid 70WS offered the highest economic benefit, indicating its cost-effectiveness in pest management.
Evaluate the Genetic Divergence and Principal Component Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Jayant , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Yadav R. K. , Singh Som Veer , Shweta  , Maurya C.L. , Kumar Ankitesh
Published: October 2024

The current investigation was carried out on some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes throughout spring season to evaluate their heat tolerance via Cluster Analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The experiment was accomplished in an augmented block design with 60 genotypes and three replications. Evaluations were carried out on 26 quantitative traits. Cluster analysis showed five clusters, cluster I with 56 genotypes and clusters II, III, IV and V with only one genotype each. The clusters II, III, IV and V have only one genotype each, so their intra-cluster distances were zero. The intra-cluster distance for cluster I was 57.879. The maximum and minimum inter cluster distance was found between cluster II and III (267.377) and between cluster I and II (86.469), respectively. Cluster I showed the earliest (76.689 days) average for early maturity (days to 50% heading) and cluster III showed the maximum (27.664) average for grain yield (grain yield per plant). PCA indicated that the five principal components (PC1 to PC5) accounted for 65.61% of the total variance. PC1 accounted for 11.51% of the total variance and showed positive factor loading for almost traits. Harvest index, grain yield per plant, flag leaf width and leaf rolling showed the highest factor loadings for PC1. As a result of the foregoing data and analysis, it is possible to conclude that there is great potential for effective genetic improvement for grain yield and correlated traits in the present wheat genotypes.
Ampelographic Diversity Assessment of Local Grape Genotype Grown in India
Authors: Somkuwar R. G. , Nale R. D. , Ranpise S. A. , Nikumbhe P.H.
Published: October 2024

Grapevine is well adapted to the agro climatic conditions of India, which makes it one of the major element of the Indian horticulture. However, there has been limited focus on assessing grapevine germplasm, and genetic resources have previously remained underutilized despite their potential for adapting to environmental changes. This study aims to evaluate the diversity of local (developed in India) grapevine accessions growing in different regions in India. A total of 20 local varieties were evaluated using 14 fruit traits previously developed by DUS. An important variability was revealed among the local varieties studied based on fruit characteristics. The most discriminant traits were bunch weight, berry diameter, bunch length, berry weight, berry shape, seed number per berry. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed three main clusters, each regrouping accessions of different named varieties. Mean values of cluster for various yield parameters revealed that cluster I possessed maximum value for yield related attributes. Maximum bunch weight was observed in Manjari Medika (270.0g) followed by Pusa Seedless (243.1 g), Arka Shyam (213.5 g) while higher 50 berry weight (201.0 g) and berry diameter (20.30 mm) in Arka Majestic genotype. Arka Majestic and Manjari Medika showed better quality traits. Our results indicate a potential of morphological diversity within the local genotypes that should be further investigated in order to understand their performance and to evaluate them in selection programs.
Modernisierung des Familienrechts — Ein Überblick über die aktuellen rechtlichen Änderungen und Reformvorhaben
Authors: Fischer Martin
Published: October 2024

Die rege Tätigkeit des Gesetzgebers im Familienrecht u.a. mit dem Gesetz zur Änderung des Ehenamens- und Geburtsnamensrechts, dem Gesetz zum Schutz Minderjähriger bei Auslandsehen und dem Selbstbestimmungsgesetz sowie die vielfältigen familienrechtlichen Reformvorhaben etwa zum Unterhaltsrecht, zum Abstammungs- und Kindschaftsrecht sowie zur Verbesserung des Schutzes von gewaltbetroffenen Personen im familiengerichtlichen Verfahren geben Veranlassung, in diesem Bericht die wichtigsten Regelungen darzustellen, deren Hintergründe und Zielsetzungen kurz zu erläutern sowie einen (auch kritischen) Ausblick auf die weitreichenden Überlegungen der Exekutive zu den geplanten gesetzlichen Neuerungen zu geben. Die jährliche Rechtsprechungsübersicht (zuletzt Fischer, Aktuelle Entwicklungen in Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung zum Familienrecht 2022, MDR 2023, 1431 ff.) erfolgt in einem gesonderten Beitrag.
Quantitation of clinical feedback on image quality differences between two CT scanner models
Authors: Bache Steven T. , Stauduhar Paul J. , Liu Xinming , Loyer Evelyne M. , John Rong X.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this work was to quantitate differences in image quality between two GE CT scanner models — the LightSpeed VCT (“VCT”) and Discovery HD750 (“HD”) — based upon feedback from radiologists at our institution. First, 3 yrs of daily QC images of the manufacturer‐provided QC phantom from 10 scanners — five of each model — were analyzed for both noise magnitude, measured as CT‐number standard deviation, and noise power spectrum within the uniform water section. The same phantom was then scanned on four of each model and analyzed for low contrast detectability (LCD) using a built‐in LCD tool at the scanner console. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned using the same eight scanners. A slice within the abdomen section was chosen and three ROIs were placed in regions representing liver, stomach, and spleen. Both standard deviation of CT‐number and LCD value was calculated for each image. Noise magnitude was 8.5% higher in HD scanners compared to VCT scanners. An associated increase in the magnitude of the noise power spectra were also found, but both peak and mean NPS frequency were not different between the two models. VCT scanners outperformed HD scanners with respect to LCD by an average of 13.1% across all scanners and phantoms. Our results agree with radiologist feedback, and necessitate a closer look at our body CT protocols among different scanner models at our institution.
Tau oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sengupta Urmi , Portelius Erik , Hansson Oskar , Farmer Kathleen , Castillo‐Carranza Diana , Woltjer Randall , Zetterberg Henrik , Galasko Douglas , Blennow Kaj , Kayed Rakez
Published: March 2017

Objective

With an increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegenerative tauopathies, there is an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, such as the recently discovered toxic tau oligomers. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the presence of tau oligomers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cognitive deficits, and to determine whether tau oligomers could serve as a potential biomarker for AD.

Methods

A multicentric collaborative study involving a double‐blinded analysis with a total of 98 subjects with moderate to severe AD (N = 41), mild AD (N = 31), and nondemented control subjects (N = 26), and two pilot studies of 33 total patients with AD (N = 19) and control (N = 14) subjects were performed. We carried out biochemical assays to measure oligomeric tau from CSF of these patients with various degrees of cognitive impairment as well as cognitively normal controls.

Results

Using a highly reproducible indirect ELISA method, we found elevated levels of tau oligomers in AD patients compared to age‐matched controls. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of oligomeric forms of tau in CSF. In addition, the ratio of oligomeric to total tau increased in the order: moderate to severe AD, mild AD, and controls.

Conclusion

These assays are suitable for the analysis of human CSF samples. These results here suggest that CSF tau oligomer measurements could be optimized and added to the panel of CSF biomarkers for the accurate and early detection of AD.
Combinatorial Therapies After Spinal Cord Injury: How Can Biomaterials Help?
Authors: Führmann Tobias , Anandakumaran Priya N. , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: March 2017

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an immediate loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site and is associated with a poor prognosis. The inhibitory environment that develops in response to the injury is mainly due to local expression of inhibitory factors, scarring and the formation of cystic cavitations, all of which limit the regenerative capacity of endogenous or transplanted cells.

Strategies that demonstrate promising results induce a change in the microenvironment at‐ and around the lesion site to promote endogenous cell repair, including axonal regeneration or the integration of transplanted cells. To date, many of these strategies target only a single aspect of SCI; however, the multifaceted nature of SCI suggests that combinatorial strategies will likely be more effective.

Biomaterials are a key component of combinatorial strategies, as they have the potential to deliver drugs locally over a prolonged period of time and aid in cell survival, integration and differentiation. Here we summarize the advantages and limitations of widely used strategies to promote recovery after injury and highlight recent research where biomaterials aided combinatorial strategies to overcome some of the barriers of spinal cord regeneration.
Understanding Surface and Interfacial Chemistry in Functional Nanomaterials via Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Marchetti Alessandro , Chen Juner , Pang Zhenfeng , Li Shenhui , Ling Daishun , Deng Feng , Kong Xueqian
Published: March 2017

Surface and interfacial chemistry is of fundamental importance in functional nanomaterials applied in catalysis, energy storage and conversion, medicine, and other nanotechnologies. It has been a perpetual challenge for the scientific community to get an accurate and comprehensive picture of the structures, dynamics, and interactions at interfaces. Here, some recent examples in the major disciplines of nanomaterials are selected (e.g., nanoporous materials, battery materials, nanocrystals and quantum dots, supramolecular assemblies, drug‐delivery systems, ionomers, and graphite oxides) and it is shown how interfacial chemistry can be addressed through the perspective of solid‐state NMR characterization techniques.
Flexible Electronic Substrate Film Fabricated Using Natural Clay and Wood Components with Cross‐Linking Polymer
Authors: Takahashi Kiyonori , Ishii Ryo , Nakamura Takashi , Suzuki Asami , Ebina Takeo , Yoshida Manabu , Kubota Munehiro , Nge Thi Thi , Yamada Tatsuhiko
Published: March 2017

Requirements for flexible electronic substrate are successfully accomplished by green nanocomposite film fabricated with two natural components: glycol‐modified biomass lignin and Li+ montmorillonite clay. In addition to these major components, a cross‐linking polymer between the lignin is incorporated into montmorillonite. Multilayer‐assembled structure is formed due to stacking nature of high aspect montmorillonite, resulting in thermal durability up to 573 K, low thermal expansion, and oxygen barrier property below measurable limit. Preannealing for montmorillonite and the cross‐linking formation enhance moisture barrier property superior to that of industrial engineering plastics, polyimide. As a result, the film has advantages for electronic film substrate. Furthermore, these properties can be achieved at the drying temperature up to 503 K, while the polyimide films are difficult to fabricate by this temperature. In order to examine its applicability for substrate film, flexible electrodes are finely printed on it and touch sensor device can be constructed with rigid elements on the electrode. In consequence, this nanocomposite film is expected to contribute to production of functional materials, progresses in expansion of biomass usage with low energy consumption, and construction of environmental friendly flexible electronic devices.
Service Behavior of Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liang Qijie , Liao Qingliang , Yi Fang , Zheng Xin , Ma Mingyuan , Gao Fangfang , Zhang Yue
Published: March 2017

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) or TENG‐based self‐charging systems harvesting energy from ambient environment are promising power solution for electronics. The stable running remains a key consideration in view of potential complex application environment. In this work, a textile‐based tailorable multifunctional TENG (T‐TENG) is developed. The T‐TENG is used as self‐powered human body motion sensor, water energy harvester, and formed all textile‐based flexible self‐charging system by integrating with textile‐based supercapacitors. The service behavior and the mechanism of performance retention are also studied when the T‐TENG is damaged. As a self‐powered human body motion sensor, the T‐TENG maintains the stable properties when it is cut. As a water energy harvester, the T‐TENG is capable of scavenging mechanical energy from water efficiently even if it is damaged partly. Besides, the charge properties of the self‐charging system are systematically investigated when the T‐TENG is cut. The investigation on service behavior of T‐TENG and TENG‐based self‐charging system pushes forward the development of highly reliable electronics and is a guide for other nanodevices and nanosystems.