bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The non-inferiority efficacy of Piperonyl-butoxide Yorkool® G3 Insecticide treated nets in the experimental huts in Tanzania
Authors: Odufuwa Olukayode G. , Maasayi Masudi Suleiman , Mbuba Emmanuel , Ntabaliba Watson , Philipo Rose , Ngonyani Safina , Mpelepele Ahmadi Bakari , Matanila Isaya , Ngonyani Hassan , Ligema Godfrey , Moore Jason , Mlacha Yeromin P , Stevenson Jennifer C , Moore Sarah Jane
Published: June 2024

Background
Non-inferiority trials are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to demonstrate that health products show comparable efficacy. As part of the WHO Global Malaria Programme (GMP) process of assessment of malaria vector control products, a second-in-class insecticide treated net (ITN) must be shown to be non-inferior to a first-in-class product based on mosquito mortality. The public health impact of the first-in-class pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) ITN, Olyset® Plus, has been demonstrated in epidemiological trials in areas with insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, but there is need to determine the efficacy of other pyrethroid-PBO nets to ensure timely market availability of nets and so to increase access to ITNs. The non-inferiority of a deltamethrin-PBO ITN Yorkool® G3 was evaluated entomologically against Olyset® Plus in experimental huts in Tanzania, following WHO guidelines for non-inferiority trials.
Method
The trial of the two pyrethroid-PBO ITNs was conducted in experimental huts in Lupiro, Tanzania, using a randomised double-blind 7 x 7 Latin Square block design. The study ran for 49 nights in 14 huts assessing the mosquito mortality and blood feeding of wild free-flying resistant Anopheles arabiensis. Using the non-inferiority approach, the efficacy (mosquito mortality at 24 hours and blood feeding) of unwashed and 20 times field-washed pyrethroid-PBO Yorkool® G3 ITNs, were compared with the first-in-class product Olyset® Plus and against a pyrethroid-only ITN, PermaNet® 2.0 ITNs, as a standard comparator.
Results
The experimental hut trial demonstrated the non-inferiority of Yorkool® G3 to Olyset® Plus based on mortality [51% vs 39%, respectively, OR 1.68 (95% CI: 1.50–1.88)], given that lower 95% CI exceeded 0.74 (delta of 39%). Blood feeding inhibition was high for all treated ITNs (> 90%). The pyrethroid-PBO ITNs were superior to the pyrethroid-only net, PermaNet® 2.0, as determined by both the proportion of mortality and blood feeding of mosquitoes (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion
Yorkool® G3 ITNs demonstrated non-inferiority to the first-in-class Olyset Plus and superiority over the standard pyrethroid-only ITN, PermaNet® 2.0 as measured by mortality and blood feeding inhibition of wild insecticide resistant An. arabiensis mosquitoes. Yorkool® G3 ITNs are therefore potential tools for the control of metabolic insecticide resistant malaria vectors.
SİYASİ PARTİLERE DEVLET YARDIMI: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Kaymak Şahap , Keskinsoy Ömer
Published: June 2024

Siyasi partiler kuruluş ve teşkilatlanmalarının yanı sıra faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmek için de mali kaynağa gereksinim duyarlar. Partiler söz konusu finansman ihtiyacını çeşitli gelir unsurlarından sağlamakla birlikte bu unsurların başında devlet yardımı gelmektedir. Dünyada siyasi partilere devlet yardımı dağıtımında belirli ilkeler ve asgari eşik değerler esas alınmaktadır. Ancak, her ülke farklı nedenlerle devlet yardımına yönelik çeşitli düzenlemeler yapmaktadır. Türkiye’de de 1961 Anayasasında 1971 yılında yapılan değişiklikten günümüze kadar siyasi partiler devlet yardımından yararlanmıştır. Dağıtım kriterleri ise hep tartışılagelmiştir. 1982 Anayasasında dağıtım kriterlerinin anayasada düzenlenmesi bu tartışmaları sonlandırmamıştır. Hükûmet etme işlevini üstlenen siyasi partilerin var olan konumlarını kullanarak sübjektif amaçlar doğrultusunda yasal değişiklikler yapmaları devlet yardımının etkinliğinin sorgulanmasına neden olmuştur. Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükûmet sistemine geçiş ile de demokrasi, siyasal rekabet ve eşitlik gibi ilkeler bağlamında mevcut durumun yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda, Anayasanın 68. maddesinde yapılacak değişiklik ile demokratik bir rejime uygun nesnel kurallara dayalı bir devlet yardımı sisteminin kurulması gereklidir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’deki hâlihazırda sorunlu olan devlet yardımı sisteminin revize edilmesi gerekliliğini ele almaktır.
National and international trade in poultry and poultry products in light of the valid legal regulations
Authors: TYKAŁOWSKI BARTŁOMIEJ , KONCICKI ANDRZEJ
Published: June 2024

Freedom of international flow of goods, services, people and animals, including poultry and poultry products, poses a threat of spreading infectious diseases to people and animals. This requires public administration bodies to take certain measures to minimise the spread of animal infectious diseases, including zoonotic diseases, which pose a threat to public health. The World Trade Organization (WTO) regulates global trade in poultry and poultry products, working in cooperation with the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). In order to ensure the safety of food of animal origin, WOAH works together with the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Animal health and international trade in poultry and poultry products in the European Union countries have been regulated since 21 May 2021 by the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2016/429 of 9 March 2016, the so-called “Animal Health Law” (AHL), and the delegated and implementing acts that accompany it. The provisions of the regulation are applied directly in all the EU member states, which arises from Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). According to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002, there is the Animal Disease Information System (ADIS) in the EU, which imposes an obligation to inform the European Commission and other EU Member States within 24 hours of confirming the existence of the primary outbreak of a category A disease (controlled ex officio). With respect to poultry diseases, following the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1882 of 3 December 2018, AHL regulations apply to the following: Newcastle Disease (ND) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) as well as mycoplasmosis in chickens and turkeys, caused by Mycoplasma (M.) gallisepticum, and in turkeys, caused by M. meleagridis, infections in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls, quails, pheasants, partridges and ducks, caused by Salmonella (S.) Pullorum and S. Gallinarum and in turkeys, caused by S. Arizonae, as well as bird viral infections of lowly pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), avian chlamydiosis in parrots, and West Nile Fever. The AHL did not repeal the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council 2160/2003 of 17 November 2023, which obligates the EU Member States to implement programmes of Salmonella control as part of the national programmes. Moreover, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was appointed, and the Rapid Alert System of Food and Feed (RASF) was established to inform about the threats found in food, feed and materials intended for contact with food. Observing these regulations on the national, community and international levels is of key importance in controlling each infectious animal disease and preventing threats to public health.
A novel cross-domain identification method for bridge damage based on recurrence plot and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Luo Boju , Wei Qingyang , Hu Shuigen , Manoach Emil , Deng Tongfa , Cao Maosen
Published: June 2024

The development of a bridge damage detection method relies on comprehensive dynamic responses pertaining to damage. The numerical model of a bridge can conveniently considers various damage scenarios and acquire pertinent data, while the entity of a bridge or its physical model proves challenging. Traditional methods for identifying bridge damage often struggle to effectively utilize data acquired from diverse domains, presenting a significant hurdle in addressing cross-domain issues. This study proposes a novel cross-domain damage identification method for suspension bridges using recurrence plots and convolutional neural networks. By employing parameter identification-based modal modification of numerical model, the gap between numerical model and physical models eliminated. Un-threshold multivariate recurrence plots are used for accurately characterizing dynamic responses and extracting deeper damage features. Due to the scarcity of experimental data, which limits the training of robust neural networks, a transfer learning tailored for convolutional neural networks is implemented. This strategy not only addresses the issue of small sample sizes but also significantly enhances the network's ability to identify structural damage across diverse bridge domains. The proposed damage identification method is validated using a combination of numerical simulations and physical experiments on a specific single-span suspension bridge. Results demonstrate that un-threshold multivariate recurrence plots reveal detailed internal structure and damage information. Furthermore, the utilization of improved convolutional neural networks effectively facilitates cross-domain structural damage identification, marking a significant advancement in the field of structural health monitoring.
DALE JAQUETTE. ALEXIUS MEINONG, THE SHEPHERD OF NON-BEING. Moscow: Kanon + ROOI “Reabilitatsiia”, 2023. ISBN 978-5-88373-782-3
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, PATKUL ANDREI
Published: June 2024

In my review, I evaluate the first translation of Dale Jacquette’s book entitled Alexius Meinong, The Shepherd of Non-Being into Russian. First of all, I point out the relevance of the publication of this translation. It is conditioned, in my view, by the fact that the person of Alexius Meinong—one of the important representatives of the school of Franz Brentano—still remains undeservedly forgotten and not enough studied in both domestic and foreign history of philosophy. At the same time, studying the legacy of Meinong could shed the light on the peculiarity of the processes that took place in European philosophy at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, as well as show the common sources of such divergent directions in modern philosophy as analytical philosophy and phenomenology. Moreover, philosophy of Meinong could discover some perspectives for modern thought that other philosophers of the past cannot indicate. All these points, in my opinion, are taken into account in Jacquette’s monograph. The advantage of his research is that he reconstructs the philosophy of Meinong, his theory of objects in a very broad historical and philosophical context of both phenomenological (F.Brentano, E.Husserl) and analytical (B.Russell, W.V.O.Quine, D.K.Lewis, S.Kripke) traditions. Systematically, the center of Meinong’s theory of objects is the doctrine of so-called Außersein of the objects, which can be considered not only as existing, but as not yet existing, no longer existing and even impossible. As conclusion, I criticize the translations of some of Meinong/Jacquette terms used in the monograph under review.
INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL NA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL
Authors: Alcantara Anne , Silva Athos , Nelson Reed
Published: June 2024

Com a crescente digitalização, a disrupção tecnológica da humanidade e o aumento da relevância da transformação digital nas organizações, cada vez mais discutida nos últimos anos, já são encontrados trabalhos que estudam como a cultura pode explicar, inclusive, consequências contraditórias da tecnologia da informação (TI) nas empresas, sendo necessárias adaptações culturais para atender aos requisitos comportamentais de TI. Dado este panorama, como a cultura de uma organização se relaciona com a adoção de novas tecnologias e, consequentemente, com seu processo de transformação digital? Este trabalho se propôs a analisar esta interação a partir de um estudo de caso misto conduzido em uma empresa brasileira do setor de seguros. Pela perspectiva qualitativa, foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com funcionários de diferentes áreas e formações, a fim de conseguirmos maior diversidade amostral. Os dados foram triangulados e os achados corroboram a literatura ao demonstrar que a tecnologia em si é apenas uma parte de todo o complexo enigma a ser solucionado pelas empresas que desejam se manter vivas e competitivas neste mundo digital.
Smart Physicochemical-triggered Chitosan-based Nanogels for
siRNA Delivery and Gene Therapy: A Focus on Emerging Strategies
and Paradigms for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Naghib Seyed Morteza , Ahmadi Bahar , Mozafari M. R.
Published: June 2024

Cancer therapy has seen significant advancements in recent years, with the
emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) as a promising strategy for targeted gene silencing.
However, the successful delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cancer cells
remains a challenge. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) can be derived from the natural
polysaccharide chitin sources. CSNPs have gained considerable attention as a potential
solution to encapsulate siRNA due to their biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This
article explores the application of CSNPs for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy. Firstly,
it discusses the significance of siRNA in gene regulation and highlights its potential to
selectively silence oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, making it a powerful tool in
cancer treatment. The obstacles associated with effective siRNA delivery, such as degradation
by nucleases and poor cellular uptake, are also addressed. Next, the focus shifts
to the unique properties of CSNPs that make them attractive for siRNA delivery. The discussion
revolves around how chitosan can interact electrostatically with siRNA to create
stable complexes, as well as the controlled release of siRNA from CSNPs. This controlled
release ensures sustained and efficient delivery of siRNA to cancer cells, maximizing
therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of CSNPs
make them ideal for in vivo applications. Different approaches to modifying and
functionalizing surfaces are investigated by emphasizing on enhancement of stability
and targeting abilities of CSNPs in cancer treatment. Registered trials for CS and siRNA
are summarized, along with ongoing investigations into various applications of chitosan
in medical treatments. Overall, the application of CSNPs in siRNA delivery for cancer
therapy holds great promise and offers a potential solution to overcome the challenges
associated with RNAi-based treatments. Continued advancements in this field will likely
lead to improved targeted therapies with reduced side effects, ultimately benefitting cancer
patients worldwide.
Relationship between Cellular Oxygen Consumption and Atherosclerosis-Associated Mitochondrial Mutations (Variants of the Mitochondrial Genome)
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Sinyov Vasily V. , Vyssokikh Mikhail Y. , Manukhova Ludmila , Marey Maria V. , Angelova Plamena R. , Omelchenko Andrey V. , Vinokurov Andrey Y. , Khasanova Zukhra B. , Sobenin Igor A.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Mitochondria are the main sites of cellular aerobic energy production
through conjugation of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. We have recently
discovered mutations (genome variants) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) associated
with atherosclerosis. We have then investigated the possible mechanisms underlying
such association and the role of mitochondrial mutations in atherogenesis. Mitochondrial
dysfunction is a known component of the pathogenesis of chronic human diseases,
including atherosclerosis.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to explore whether there is a relationship between
cellular oxygen consumption and atherosclerosis-associated mitochondrial mutations.
The study of mitochondrial respiration abnormalities can help to understand the role of
mtDNA mutations in pathology.

Method:

By using the polarographic method with Clark electrode, we tested the possibility
of respiration impairment in permeabilized cells carrying the tested mtDNA variants
using the cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) lines. Mitochondria introduced in the cybrid lines
were obtained from atherosclerotic patients that differed in the profile of mtDNA mutations,
which made it possible to compare the degree of mtDNA mutation load with the
rate of oxygen consumption by cybrid cells.

Results:

It was found that three of the studied mutations were individually associated
with impaired respiration. Besides, some combinations of two specific mutations have a
high probability of being associated with altered oxygen consumption. As a result, eight
mutations were identified, individually or paired combinations of which were associated
with high or low rates of cellular respiration, significantly different from control cells.

Conclusion:

The observed effect may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The study of mtDNA mutations associated with atherosclerosis can help reveal pharmacological
targets for the development of novel therapies.
Early-onset or Premature Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manolis Antonis A. , Manolis Theodora A. , Manolis Antonis S.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this review was to examine the literature regarding younger individuals
without classical risk factors for atherosclerosis who develop coronary artery disease
(CAD) prematurely at an early age. An extensive literature review was undertaken
in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar regarding early-onset or premature atherosclerosis,
CAD, its diagnosis, management, and prophylaxis. There are individuals of both genders,
particularly in the younger age group of 20-40 years of age, who lack the traditional/
classical risk factors and still develop CAD and other manifestations of atherosclerosis.
Even the 10-year age gap in manifesting CAD that is noted between women and
men ascribable to a cardioprotective effect of sex hormones may not be noted under these
circumstances. This indicates that the risk profile differs in young patients with nonclassical
atherosclerotic risk factors, and factors such as genetics, inflammation, thrombosis,
psychosocial, environmental, and other parameters play an important role in
atherosclerosis and other mechanisms that lead to CAD in younger individuals. These patients
are at risk of major adverse cardiac events, which determine their prognosis. Unfortunately,
current major guidelines do not acknowledge that many patients who manifest
premature CAD are at high risk, and as a consequence, many of these patients may
not be receiving guideline-directed hypolipidemic and other therapies before they present
with symptoms of CAD. Caretakers need to be more vigilant in offering efficacious
screening and strategies of prevention for early-onset or premature CAD to younger individuals.
1-Thiosugars: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Gauthier Charles
Published: June 2024

1-Thiosugars and their glycosides play crucial roles in carbohydrate chemistry,
primarily due to their stability and potential for mimicking O-glycosides. The synthetic
methodologies for thioglycosides pose ongoing challenges. In recent years, researchers have
shown a growing interest in exploring the applications of thiosugars in various fields, including
the development of natural product derivatives, oligo- and polysaccharide mimics,
metallodrugs, and dendrimers. Numerous approaches and protocols have been devised for
the synthesis of thiosugars. This review aims to comprehensively cover the efforts towards
preparing thiosugars and their application as synthetic precursors.
Performance-based budgeting in private Islamic schools: Evidence from Eakkapa Sasanawich Islamic School in Thailand
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Badollahi Ismail , Susanto Idil Rakhmat ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Nurhidayah Nurhidayah ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Khalid Idham ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Ruslan Muhammad ,   Eakkapa Sasanawich Islamic School, Sai Khao, Thailand
Published: June 2024

This study examines how performance-based budgeting (PBB) is used to enhance school management performance at Eakkapa Sasanawich Islamic School in Thailand. The research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis to delve into the process of planning and implementing PBB. Interviews were conducted with Foundation administrators, school management, and relevant parties associated with Eakkapa Sasanawich Islamic School to gather detailed information about the planning and implementation of PBB. The findings reveal that management at Eakkapa Sasanawich Islamic School has generally adopted PBB to control the funding allocated, aiming to improve management performance and regulate financial management within the school. The implementation of PBB involves several stages, including budget planning, ratification, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. This study suggests that educational institutions lacking a robust budgeting system at the school level could benefit from adopting effective and efficient budget planning to enhance school management performance in the future.
Efficacy of eHealth Versus In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Equivalence
Authors: Knutzen Sofie Møgelberg , Christensen Dinne Skjærlund , Cairns Patrick , Damholdt Malene Flensborg , Amidi Ali , Zachariae Robert
Published: June 2024

Background

Insomnia is a prevalent condition with significant health, societal, and economic impacts. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is recommended as the first-line treatment. With limited accessibility to in-person–delivered CBTI (ipCBTI), electronically delivered eHealth CBTI (eCBTI), ranging from telephone- and videoconference-delivered interventions to fully automated web-based programs and mobile apps, has emerged as an alternative. However, the relative efficacy of eCBTI compared to ipCBTI has not been conclusively determined.

Objective

This study aims to test the comparability of eCBTI and ipCBTI through a systematic review and meta-analysis of equivalence based on randomized controlled trials directly comparing the 2 delivery formats.

Methods

A comprehensive search across multiple databases was conducted, leading to the identification and analysis of 15 unique randomized head-to-head comparisons of ipCBTI and eCBTI. Data on sleep and nonsleep outcomes were extracted and subjected to both conventional meta-analytical methods and equivalence testing based on predetermined equivalence margins derived from previously suggested minimal important differences. Supplementary Bayesian analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the available evidence.

Results

The meta-analysis included 15 studies with a total of 1083 participants. Conventional comparisons generally favored ipCBTI. However, the effect sizes were small, and the 2 delivery formats were statistically significantly equivalent (P<.05) for most sleep and nonsleep outcomes. Additional within-group analyses showed that both formats led to statistically significant improvements (P<.05) in insomnia severity; sleep quality; and secondary outcomes such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Heterogeneity analyses highlighted the role of treatment duration and dropout rates as potential moderators of the differences in treatment efficacy.

Conclusions

eCBTI and ipCBTI were found to be statistically significantly equivalent for treating insomnia for most examined outcomes, indicating eCBTI as a clinically relevant alternative to ipCBTI. This supports the expansion of eCBTI as a viable option to increase accessibility to effective insomnia treatment. Nonetheless, further research is needed to address the limitations noted, including the high risk of bias in some studies and the potential impact of treatment duration and dropout rates on efficacy.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023390811; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=390811
Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Multistorey Base Isolated RC Building
Authors: Kumar Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Abstract: By lengthening the period of vibration of the structure, seismic isolation allows for a reduction in earthquake forces. Isolated structures are typically retained at a period of 2 seconds. As a result, isolation provides significant benefits in buildings where the basic duration of vibration without base isolation is less than 1.0 sec. This work provides an analytical study of baseisolation for buildings with natural periods of 1.0 to 3.0 seconds. Various options are investigated in order to improve the viability of base isolation for such structures. Strategies proposed in this study are (i) increasing superstructure stiffness, (ii) increasing superstructure damping and (iii) increasing flexibility of isolation system. It is observed that the effectiveness of base isolation for these buildings may be increased by incorporating such provisions. The purpose of this research is to see how performance-based building design and following the above tactics can improve the effectiveness of base isolation in structures with matching time histories and response spectrum seismic analyses. In this analysis, G+7 storey structures are taken into account. Seismic isolation enables the reduction in seismic forces by increasing the time period of the structure. The usual period of isolated structures is generally kept as 2 sec. Therefore; the significant benefits obtained from isolation are in structures for which the fundamental period of vibration without base isolation is short, less or upto 1.0 sec.
Automatic Power Factor Correction Using Arduino
Authors: Wangchuk Tashi Rapden
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In today's technological revolution, power is very valuable. Low power factor results in increased energy consumption, voltage drops, decreased power system efficiency, and shortened equipment lifespan. Identifying the causes of power loss and improving power system stability is crucial. The rise in inductive loads has decreased power system efficiency. Therefore, a simple and effective method for improving power factor is needed. An automatic power factor correction device precisely determines the delay between the line voltage and line current by measuring the time difference between the arrival of the current and voltage signals from the AC mains. This time value is then calibrated to calculate the phase angle and corresponding power factor using an internal timer. The microcontroller (Arduino) then calculates the power factor and switches on different capacitor banks accordingly. This automatic power factor correction method can be applied in industries, power systems, and even households to improve stability and system efficiency. Power factor correction plays a significant role in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of electrical power systems.
Eco Vision: Brain Tumor Detection Based on MRI Using Deep Learning
Authors: Sunil Patil Ankita
Published: June 2024

Abstract: These days, tumors come in second most frequently reported causes of cancer. Cancer puts a lot of patients in jeopardy. The medical field requires speedy, automatic, well-organized, and efficient approaches to detect malignancies, including brain tumors. The ability to detect is crucial to treatment. When a tumor is correctly identified, medical professionals protect their patients. Several image processing methods are used in this application. By using this application, doctors may treat patients correctly and lower the number of patients with tumors. All that a tumor is is an excess of cells that proliferate uncontrollably. Because brain tumor cells multiply so quickly, they effectively take all the nutrients meant for healthy cells and tissues. This leads to the identification of brain tumors via transfer learning (geometry group). The task of the model's performance is to forecast whether or not a tumor will show up in an image.
Pragmatic Function of Linguistic Units
Authors: Akmalovna Abduvohidova Shahribonu
Published: June 2024

Annotation: This article explores the pragmatic function of linguistic units in communication, focusing on how language goes beyond its literal meaning to convey nuanced messages. Key aspects include context sensitivity, implicature, presupposition, speech acts, politeness strategies, deixis, and conversational maxims. Additionally, cultural pragmatics, anaphora/cataphora, indirect speech acts, discourse markers, speech accommodation theory, and non-literal language use such as irony and sarcasm are discussed. Understanding these pragmatic elements is vital for effective communication across diverse contexts and cultures, facilitating accurate interpretation and successful interaction between speakers and listeners.
Analysis the quality of critical thinking and creativity questions in high school biology subjects with the Rasch model
Authors: Sari Tasya Novian Indah , Rakhmawati Anna
Published: June 2024

A good instrument is an instrument that can measure students' abilities accurately. The research aims to analyze the quality of critical thinking and creativity items on water pollution material in terms of validity, reliability, and level of difficulty using the Rasch model. The research used a quantitative descriptive method involving biology learning experts and 173 class X high school students. The research was carried out in December 2023-January 2024. The data collection method used expert assessment sheets and critical thinking and creativity essay questions. Data were analyzed using the Rasch model assisted by Quest. The results showed that of the 10 critical thinking essay questions, 3 questions were invalid, while of the 8 creativity essay questions, 1 question was invalid based on the suitability of the INFIT MNSQ and OUTFIT T scores. The results of the reliability test with Cronbach’s alpha showed that the reliability value of the critical thinking instrument was 0.74 and creativity 0.79. Average difficulty level of questions with threshold values in the medium and difficult categories. Overall, the instrument was feasible and question items that did not fit the Rasch model were removed.
A cross-sectional survey on the Awareness of Waste Management Practices Among Dental Practitioners in Dental Clinic in Enugu Metropolis
Authors: Ngwu Justina Nnenna , Moneth Ezeh Chinonyelum , Chukwu Ezinwanne Blessing , Aduaka Oluchukwu Stella , Peter Ikemesit Udeme
Published: June 2024

This study was undertaken to examine the level of awareness of waste management practices among dental practitioners at dental clinic in Enugu metropolis. A total of forty-five (45) dental practitioners involved in the study were provided with a self-administered questionnaire comprising the source of dental waste management awareness, knowledge attitude, and practices on dental waste. The investigation showed that the main source of dental waste management was through training/conference 82.2%. Exactly 71.1% of the practitioners were aware of the guideline laid down by the government for BMW disposal while 6.7% were unaware.  The majority of the practitioners 82.2 % were aware of different colored bags used to dispose of different types of waste while 11.1 % and 6.7 % of the respondent tick ‘No’ and ‘Don’t know’ respectively. Only 15.5% knew that pyrolysis is an environmentally friendly technology that converts organic waste to commercially useful by-products, while 11.1% knew that thermoplastics in dentistry cannot be reused and not biodegradable. Few practitioners are aware of the type of incinerator present in their dental clinic 31.1%. However, dental nursing had a higher level of awareness 75.0% over other cadres. Also, the gender variable was not significantly related to the level of awareness (p = .903). Nevertheless, the female’s counterpart had a higher level of awareness 33.3 % than the male’s counterpart 31.6%. The overall level of awareness of the safe management of dental waste accounted for 31.1% of the respondents. Our findings showed that there was a low level of awareness of dental waste management among the studied population. Nevertheless, it is important to provide a guide for policies and legislation. This is evident from the fact that it is the knowledge of what specifically constitutes waste and the categories of waste that determine how wastes are dealt with or managed. This knowledge is crucial for properly disposing of dental materials, recovering resources, and assessing technical and environmental implications. Moreover, waste management techniques ought to be a regular topic of discussion in training and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) courses.
Keywords: Dental practitioners, waste, management, Practices
Sterilization of Toothbrushes using Ultraviolet-C Light against Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria
Authors: Noor Rahmah Afifah , Fatmasari Diyah , Aryati Eko Ningtyas Endah
Published: June 2024

Background: Streptococcus mutans bacteria are the dominant cariogenic bacteria that can be found in dental caries and are able to survive and reproduce at low pH. Toothbrush storage is related to environmental humidity and existing bacteria. Bacterial growth is 70% higher in wet and closed environments, bacteria from the oral cavity can be carried on the toothbrush.
Aim: This research is to produce a model for storing toothbrushes with ultraviolet-C against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
Materials and Method: Research with Research and Development (R&D) method with a quantitative approach with 5 stages, namely information gathering, model design, expert validation and revision, model trials, and model results. The design used is Randomize Pretest-Posttest with Control Group Design using 5, 10, and 15 minutes of ultraviolet-C treatment groups and a control group of toothbrushes stored standing without treatment using ultraviolet-C.
Results: The results of model expert validation using the aiken-v test showed 0.810, meaning that all question items were declared valid. The ICC results show 0.000, meaning that the toothbrush storage model with ultraviolet-C is feasible as an effort to reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans bacterial colonies. Two-Way Anova results show 0.000, meaning that there is a significant time difference between the control group and the 5, 10, and 15 minute sterilization groups. Post-Hoc LSD results showed 0.000, meaning there was a significant difference in the 5, 10, 15 minute treatment group, and the control group. The Pearson Sig. (2-tailed) correlation result is 0.000, meaning that there is a significant relationship between the length of time and the number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results of the bacterial repetition test showed that 15 minutes was the most effective time to kill Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results showed that the average number of bacteria decreased by 74%, 86%, and 100% after using ultraviolet-C for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Obtained showed that 15 minutes was the most effective for killing Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
Conclusion: The results showed that the average number of bacteria decreased by 74%, 86%, and 100% after using ultraviolet-C for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Developing a model for storing toothpaste with ultraviolet- C for 15 minutes is effective in reducing Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, toothbrush, Ultraviolet-C
A case of inherited metabolic disorder with airway difficulties in intensive care- challenges faced
Authors: Krishna Prasad T , Soundarya Priyadharsini K , Shiek Abdulla K , Varun Sri Krishna
Published: June 2024

Uncommon disease like MPS imposes great challenges to intensivists in case of emergency due to their disease nature which involves GAG accumulation leading to cellular dysfunction and various clinical abnormalities. Airway management in Pediatric patients is extremely demanding even with expert hands. So, this case report discusses mainly the disease progress, and anticipated anesthetic challenges with its skillful handling strategy that has to be contemplated in case of emergency situation.
Keywords: intensive care, cellular dysfunction, clinical abnormalities
Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Rama Rao Tadikonda , Tejomurtula Gayatri Nagakameshwari
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM), or diabetes, is a collection of metabolic illnesses wherein someone has excessive blood sugar, since the body no longer produces sufficient insulin or because cells no longer reply to the insulin it produces. This excessive blood sugar produces the classical signs of polyuria (common urination), polydipsia (expanded thirst), and polyphagia (expanded hunger). There are three types, mainly: Type 1 DM results from the body's failure to provide sufficient insulin. This shape was formerly noted as “insulin-based diabetes mellitus or juvenile diabetes.”. The case is unknown. Type 2 DM starts with insulin resistance, a situation wherein cells fail to respond to insulin properly. This shape was formerly mentioned as “noninsulin-structured diabetes mellitus” or “adult-onset diabetics.” The number one reason is immoderate frame weight and no longer sufficient exercise. Gestational diabetes is the third main form that occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. Prevention and treatment involve a healthy diet, physical exercise, not using tobacco, and having a normal body weight. Type 1 diabetics ought to be controlled with insulin injections. Type 2 diabetics may be treated with medications with or without insulin. Insulin and some oral medications can cause reduced BP and the proper weight to be maintained. Gestational diabetics usually resolve after the birth of the body.
Keywords: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, ketoacidosis, stroke.
Kreditora un kapitālsabiedrības dalībnieka tiesības pēc mantas pārdošanas plāna faktiskās izpildes maksātnespējas procesā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Bērziņš Gaidis
Published: June 2024

The article provides an assessment whether restricting the rights of the creditor and shareholder after the actual execution of the plan for the sale of property in insolvency proceedings is consistent with the purpose of insolvency proceedings.
Publisko iepirkumu regulējuma pilnveidošana piedāvājuma precizēšanas kontekstā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Gaile Džeina
Published: June 2024

Directive 2014/24/EU was adopted in 2014 as an attempt to modernise procurement and make it more efficient, improve the access of SMEs to public contracts, and facilitate other aims. In this article, the author analyses the regulation of rectification of a tender, as well as one of the new mechanisms of Directive 2014/24/EU – the European Single Procurement Document (ESPD) and explores its interaction forms with the insti­tute of rectification of a tender. It is concluded that the rectification regulation has not changed in essence and previous case law is applicable. However, there are several aspects that could be improved in national regulation, as well as regarding ESPD, as some questions are raised about practical application.
Tiesu digitalizācijas un noslodzes izvērtēšanas juridiskā dimensija
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Skrjabina Anna
Published: June 2024

Judicial systems are digitalised and empowered by court management tools. However, the investment in this regard does not actually have a proportional impact on efficiency and quality of justice. Legal dimension of digitalization and workload assessment constitute a significant element for court management, that should be taken into account. Digitalisation of courts and proceedings, as well as assessment of court performance indicators are a legal project, rather than a managerial or technological one. Thus, in order to ensure a sustainable result, it must be implemented with full respect of independence, taking into account the synergy between law and technology, in light of procedural aspects and constitutional constraints.
Garīdznieka grēksūdzes noslēpums kā kriminālprocesuāli aizsargājamais profesionālais noslēpums
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Salniņa Nikola
Published: June 2024

In her bachelor’s thesis, the author analyses the scope and importance of the secret of the confession to a priest as a professional secret protected in criminal proceedings, as well as its possible conflicts with the effective implementation of the criminal procedure. The purpose is to research the extent to which the secret of the confession to priest is absolute and justified in criminal proceedings, in addition to raising the issues regarding the improvement of the legal regulation. As a result of the research, the author formulates conclusions concerning the scope and importance of the secret of the confession to a priest as a professional secret protected in criminal proceedings, offering proposals for improvement of the legal regulation.
Gambaran Pelaksanaan Discharge Planning di Ruang Perawatan Jantung
Authors: Oktarina Yosi , Nurhusna Nurhusna , Subandi Andi
Published: June 2024

Coronary heart disease (CHD) patients are vulnerable to rehospitalization. One of the reasons for the high rehospitalization rate in CHD patients is the implementation of inadequate discharge planning. The aim of this research is to find out an overview of the implementation of discharge planning in the cardiac inpatient room. This research was a descriptive analytical research with a survey design. The sample in this study was patients with coronary heart disease. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling. The sample size in this study was 67 people.  The research used a discharge planning implementation questionnaire. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptives presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. The results showed that the implementation of discharge planning in the fair category was  35.82%, good 31,34%, poor 23,88%, and very good  8,96%. Therefore, it is hoped that the implementation of discharge planning in the room can be improved through the availability of operational procedural standards regarding the implementation of structured and planned discharge planning so that the implementation of discharge planning in the room becomes more optimal.
Abstrak
Pasien penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) rentan mengalami rehosipitalisasi. Tingginya angka rehospitalisasi pada pasien PJK salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh pelaksanaan discharge planning yang tidak adekuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan discharge planning di ruang perawatan jantung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain survey. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu convenience sampling. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 67 orang.  Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner pelaksanaan discharge planning. Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif yang disajikan dalam bentuk frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelaksanaan discharge planning dalam kategori cukup sebesar 35,82%, baik 31,34%, kurang baik 23,88%, dan sangat baik 8,96%. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan pelaksanaan discharge planning di ruangan tersebut dapat ditingkatkan melalui tersedianya standar prosedural operasional mengenai penerapan discharge planning yang terstruktur dan terencana sehingga pelaksanaan discharge planning di ruangan menjadi lebih optimal.
Kata kunci: discharge planning, penyakit jantung koroner, rehospitalisasi
Competition in the international cherry market: A competitiveness analysis of the developing country
Authors: Montes Ninaquispe Jose Carlos , Arbulú Ballesteros Marco Agustín , Ludeña Jugo Diego Alejandro , Lamadrid Aldana Milagros , Guzmán Valle María de los Ángeles , Cruz Salinas Luis Edgardo , Farfán Chilicaus Gary Christiam , García Juárez Hugo Daniel
Published: June 2024

This research assesses the competitiveness of Chilean cherry exports, with a specific focus on the Chinese market, identifying sectoral challenges and opportunities. Implementing quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental methodologies based on previous studies (Montes Ninaquispe et al., 2023), it utilizes the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for market diversification, the Trade Competitiveness Index (TC), and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) based on previous studies (Arbulú Ballesteros et al., 2024). The analysis reveals a significant concentration of exports to China, representing over 88 percent of Chile’s total cherry exports from 2018 to 2022, despite market volatility and a general trend of growth in both volume and value. The HHI indicates a high concentration risk due to dependency on the Chinese market, while the TC and RCA highlight a strong competitive and comparative advantage in this sector. The study concludes the need for market diversification to reduce dependency risks, suggesting the exploration of new markets like Thailand, South Korea, and Ecuador, alongside improvements in marketing strategies. Additionally, it recommends enhancing corporate innovation and operational efficiency via advanced production technologies and optimizing logistics and supply chain management to sustain the competitive advantage of Chilean cherry exports.
Istiḥsān Theory and Its Application in the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) Initiative by the National Health Insurance Program (JKN)
Authors: Yazid Afthon , Aminah Siti , Ariadni Dwi Karina , Utsman Thoha Yasin , Sugitanata Arif
Published: June 2024

This research aims to discuss the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) initiative which is integrated into the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) in Indonesia. This program was implemented to improve the quality and access of health services. KRIS is designed to improve the physical aspects of health facilities, but challenges arise in its implementation, including adapting hospital infrastructure and varying public perceptions. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely by collecting various sources relevant to the research topic. Data sources include scientific articles, books, research reports, government regulations, and other official documents related to the implementation of KRIS by JKN and analyzed using istihsan theory. The results of the research are that although hospitals in Indonesia are generally ready to implement KRIS, BPJS Health still considers its implementation to be no longer relevant due to a budget surplus. On the other hand, if viewed using the istiḥsān theory, the KRIS program initiative is the implementation of government steps to achieve social justice and equal access to health services. This article also highlights differences of opinion between BPJS Health and the National Social Security Council (DJSN) as well as the lack of clarity in existing law regarding the government's role in implementing KRIS. This research shows the need for adjustments and better communication between stakeholders to ensure the success of KRIS in achieving the goals of the National Health Insurance Program (JKN-KIS).
The Implementation of AI and Immersive Technology in E-Commerce: The Role of Customer Engagement as a Mediating Variable
Authors: Aliyah Kisti Nur , Rizqiana Zulfanita Dien
Published: June 2024

The headway of information and communication technology has led to significant changes in various industries, particularly in e-commerce. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) has created new opportunities for e-commerce to improve customer experiences.
This study analyzes the effects of implementing AI and immersive technology in e-commerce, focusing on customer engagement as a mediating factor. A sample of 99 participants was examined and analyzed using PLS-SEM by SmartPLS 4 software, and the findings indicate that AI and immersive technology have a positive, significant impact on online purchase intention. Customer engagement cannot mediate the relationship between artificial intelligence and online purchase intention. However, it does mediate the relationship between immersive technology and online purchase intention.
 
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Immersive technology; Customer Engagement; Purchase Intention; e-commerce