bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endocannabinoid System Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Developmental and Accumulative Effects of Trauma
Authors: Bassir Nia Anahita , Bender Ricci , Harpaz-Rotem Ilan
Published: July 2019

The role of the endocannabinoid system in stress-related psychiatric symptoms has been investigated in many animal and human studies. Although most of these studies consistently report long-lasting effects of prolonged stress and trauma on the endocannabinoid system, the nature and direction of these changes are controversial. We reviewed the available preclinical and clinical studies investigating the endocannabinoid system alterations long after chronic stress and trauma. We propose that the effects of prolonged stress or trauma on the endocannabinoid system are different based on the developmental age of subjects at the time of experiencing the trauma and its repetitiveness and accumulative effects. The current literature consistently demonstrates decreased levels of endocannabinoid ligands and receptors if the trauma occurs in childhood, whereas decreased levels of endocannabinoid ligands and increased levels of cannabinoid receptors are reported when trauma has happened in adulthood. It is important to note that these changes are region-specific in the brain and also there are important sex differences, which are beyond the scope of this review.
Recurrent retinal and choroidal ischemia in a case of ocular ischemic syndrome
Authors: Tripathy Koushik , Mazumdar Shahana
Published: July 2019

A 62 year-old male patient presented with fluctuating vision in both eyes. On fundus fluorescein angiogram, there was an area of choroidal and retinal ischemia in the left eye. The carotid evaluation revealed complete stenosis of the right internal carotid artery and 90% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery for which he underwent left modified endarterectomy. The vision and angiographic features improved after the procedure. Eleven months after the procedure, he again presented with choroidal ischemia due to recurrent left internal carotid artery blockage which improved gradually after carotid stenting.
Implementing Cognitive Science and Discipline-Based Education Research in the Undergraduate Science Classroom
Authors: Davidesco Ido , Milne Catherine
Published: July 2019

Cognitive science research on learning and instruction is often not directly connected to discipline-based research. In an effort to narrow this gap, this essay integrates research from both fields on five learning and instruction strategies: active retrieval, distributed (spaced) learning, dual coding, concrete examples, and feedback and assessment. These strategies can significantly enhance the effectiveness of science instruction, but they typically do not find their way into the undergraduate classroom. The implementation of these strategies is illustrated through an undergraduate science course for nonmajors called Science in Our Lives. This course provides students with opportunities to use scientific information to solve real-world problems and view science as part of everyday life.
The prevalence of personality disorders in the community: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Winsper Catherine , Bilgin Ayten , Thompson Andrew , Marwaha Steven , Chanen Andrew M. , Singh Swaran P. , Wang Ariel , Furtado Vivek
Published: July 2019

Background

Personality disorders are now internationally recognised as a mental health priority. Nevertheless, there are no systematic reviews examining the global prevalence of personality disorders.

Aims

To calculate the worldwide prevalence of personality disorders and examine whether rates vary between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Method

We systematically searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed from January 1980 to May 2018 to identify articles reporting personality disorder prevalence rates in community populations (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017065094).

Results

A total of 46 studies (from 21 different countries spanning 6 continents) satisfied inclusion criteria. The worldwide pooled prevalence of any personality disorder was 7.8% (95% CI 6.1–9.5). Rates were greater in high-income countries (9.6%, 95% CI 7.9–11.3%) compared with LMICs (4.3%, 95% CI 2.6–6.1%). In univariate meta-regressions, significant heterogeneity was partly attributable to study design (two-stage v. one-stage assessment), county income (high-income countries v. LMICs) and interview administration (clinician v. trained graduate). In multiple meta-regression analysis, study design remained a significant predictor of heterogeneity. Global rates of cluster A, B and C personality disorders were 3.8% (95% CI 3.2, 4.4%), 2.8% (1.6, 3.7%) and 5.0% (4.2, 5.9%).

Conclusions

Personality disorders are prevalent globally. Nevertheless, pooled prevalence rates should be interpreted with caution due to high levels of heterogeneity. More large-scale studies with standardised methodologies are now needed to increase our understanding of population needs and regional variations.
Antiparallel Arrangement of 2,7-Substituted 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Assisted by Hydrogen Bonding of Terminal Units
Authors: Kaneko Takashi , Araki Yosuke , Shinohara Ken-ichi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Aoki Toshiki
Published: July 2019

2,7-Substituted 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracenes with bulky phenol residues were synthesized and investigated for their antiparallel molecular arrangement. UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence properties and molecular mechanics calculation indicate that they formed an antiparallel π-π stacked dimer, which was strongly associated by hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction. This strongly associated dimer structure was supported by AFM images of specimens prepared on mica by spin casting dilute chloroform/hexane (2/8 v/v) solution. However, the absence of intradimer hydrogen bonding resulted in the offset stacking, which was confirmed from the single crystal X-ray analysis.
Identification of Intermediates in Peroxidase Catalytic Cycle of a DNAzyme Possessing Heme
Authors: Shinomiya Ryosuke , Araki Haruka , Momotake Atsuya , Kotani Hiroaki , Kojima Takahiko , Yamamoto Yasuhiko
Published: July 2019

Heme in the ferric state (heme(Fe3+)) binds to G-quadruplex DNAs to form stable complexes that exhibit enhanced peroxidase activities. The complexes are considered DNAzymes possessing heme as a prosthetic group (heme-DNAzymes), and have been extensively investigated as promising catalysts for a variety of applications. On ESR and stopped-flow measurements, an iron(IV)oxo porphyrin π-cation radical known as Compound I was detected in reaction mixtures of heme-DNAzymes and hydrogen peroxide. This finding not only resolved the long-standing issue of the mechanism underlying the enhancement of the peroxidase activity of heme(Fe3+) in the scaffold of a G-quadruplex DNA, but also provided new insights as to the design of novel heme-DNAzymes.
Proximate and antioxidant activities of bio-preserved ogi flour with garlic and ginger
Authors: Olaniran Abiola F. , Abiose Sumbo H.
Published: July 2019

Background: Ogi from locally available cereals remains a relatively affordable complementary food in West Africa, but has a tendency to spoil due it high moisture content. This study explored effects of garlic and ginger as biopreservatives in ogi flour.

Methods: Ogi flour was prepared from sorghum and quality protein maize grains with different concentrations of garlic and ginger powder (2 and 4% w/w) by fermentation technique. These samples were stored for 16 weeks during which the total titratable acidity, pH, proximate composition, mineral content and total antioxidant activities were determined.

Results: The proximate compositions of bio-preserved ogi samples were relatively stable throughout storage. The addition of garlic and ginger slightly increased the ash (0.04%), crude protein and mineral contents (mg/ 100g) of the samples.  Magnesium (10.85-13.13 and 5.17-9.72); zinc (1.37-1.78 and 7.01-8.50), manganese (1.30-1.71 and 0.45-0.86) and iron (1.53-1.77 and 0.68-2.77) contents increased on addition (of garlic and ginger) to maize ogi and sorghum ogi flours respectively. The free radical scavenging activity; total phenolic and flavonoid contents increased correspondingly with the antioxidants activity.

Conclusion: Although not well known to ogi consumer, the bio-preserved ogi flours showed better nutritional values and have potential as a health food.
“Nunca seremos las mismas de antes”. Emociones y empoderamiento colectivo en los movimientos sociales: el Colectivo Mujer Nueva (Oaxaca, México)
Authors: Poma Alice , Gravante Tommaso
Published: July 2019

En el estudio de los movimientos sociales, el empoderamiento es considerado como una de las consecuencias biográficas del activismo y está relacionado con el cambio social. A pesar de que estudios psicológicos muestran que las emociones juegan un rol importante en el proceso de empoderamiento a raíz de participar en acciones colectivas, existen todavía pocas investigaciones que analizan el papel de las emociones en este proceso dinámico. Al tener como punto de partida el campo de estudio de emociones y protesta y al incorporar los resultados de investigación de psicólogos que analizan el cambio social, el artículo busca mostrar el papel de diferentes emociones durante el proceso de empoderamiento que vivieron las integrantes del colectivo Mujer Nueva. Dicho colectivo se compone de un grupo de mujeres que, después de participar activamente en la insurgencia de Oaxaca en 2006, decidieron autoorganizarse. En este contexto, primero analizaremos el cambio que vivieron las integrantes del colectivo; en segundo término, presentaremos las emociones generadas por la acción colectiva que han influido en dicho cambio; y por último, explicaremos las emociones generadas por el empoderamiento. Los resultados de la investigación pretenden contribuir a la literatura multidisciplinaria que se dedica a estudiar el empoderamiento como una consecuencia biográfica de la protesta y del activismo.
Expectativas, necesidades y tendencias de la formación en educación superior en Colombia en pregrado y posgrado: entre la deserción– perfil y vocación profesional
Authors: Gutierrez Ossa Jahir Alexander , Mondragón Morales Viviana Hercilia , Santacruz Montenegro Laura Carolina
Published: July 2019

El escrito evalúa las condiciones que presenta la educación de pregrado y posgrado, para acercar los conceptos de economía y mercado a la educación superior en Colombia. Esta última, es impartida bajo la óptica conductual y funcionalista, sin albergar espacio para propósitos reales. El análisis multicriterio, sirve de fundamento metodológico para plantear la evaluación. Los temas a tratar responden, al estado del arte en materia de evaluación de la educación superior. Seguido, de los impactos y resultados obtenidos de la evaluación internacional en ambos grados educativos.  Y finalmente, el espacio que tiene el pregrado y posgrado para medirse en términos de la economía y el mercado de la educación en Colombia. La educación superior tiene dificultades para mostrarse positiva
Toma de decisiones en empresas pequeñas que combinan varias actividades económicas. Construcción de un tablero de control
Authors: Sánchez Retiz Carlos Alberto , Rodríguez Bello Luz Ángelica
Published: July 2019

La toma de decisiones es una destreza importante para el éxito de los negocios, sin embargo en las pequeñas empresas donde los gerentes cumplen múltiples roles, se toman decisiones sin soporte en herramientas técnicas, descartando métodos de gestión estratégica pues no son prioritarios, llevándolos a cometer errores en las estrategias adoptadas. Esta situación es más compleja aun cuando el negocio combina varias actividades económicas. Desde este punto de vista, es importante dotar a los pequeños empresarios con una guía estratégica que les permita hacer seguimiento al negocio y mejorar el nivel de asertividad en la toma de decisiones. Para tal fin, en este estudio se diseñó un modelo de tablero de control basado en el Balanced Scorecard, el cual fue construido a partir de la revisión de casos de implementación en empresas pertenecientes a franquicias, comercializadoras de alimentos e importadoras de productos. Para lograr el resultado final se combinaron los objetivos con alcance similar obteniendo una guía de objetivos estratégicos en las perspectivas financiera, de clientes, procesos internos y aprendizaje y conocimiento. Los hallazgos sugieren que efectivamente los ejecutivos pueden modelar estrategias para su negocio, a partir de la combinación de indicadores típicamente usados por diferentes empresas pertenecientes al mismo sector industrial, permitiéndoles conocer cómo se pueden obtener ventajas competitivas sobre los demás actores del mercado.
Product Line Design Under Preference Uncertainty Using Aggregate Consumer Data
Authors: Xu Zibin , Dukes Anthony
Published: July 2019

This research studies the product line design problem when consumers are subject to perceptual errors in assessing their intrinsic preferences.
Lead Offer Spillovers
Authors: McGranaghan Matthew , Liaukonyte Jura , Fisher Geoffrey , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: July 2019

Price promotions are typically offered in groups on websites, mailings, and circulars, but little is known about how promotional offers in near proximity affect each other. Across two large-scale field experiments (N = 66,184) conducted on a multibrand coupon website, we find that when lead promotions offer high-value deals, consumers are more likely to print subsequent offers, a finding we call “lead offer spillover.” In the first field experiment, doubling the value of three lead offers increased the printing of subsequent offers by 18% and redemptions by 12%. In the second, doubling the value of a single lead offer increased subsequent offer prints by 12%. Additional analyses and experiments indicate that larger lead offers increase consumer search for subsequent offers and are not primarily driven by changes in evaluative judgments or complementarities between lead and subsequent offers.
EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF THE WESTERN SECTOR OF SEPETIBA BAY (SE BRAZIL): TRACE METAL CONTAMINATION
Authors: Díaz Morales Shéron Joyce , Guerra Josefa Varela , Nunes Márcia Andréia Da Silva , Souza Ariadne Marra de , Geraldes Mauro César
Published: July 2019

Sepetiba Bay located in Rio de Janeiro State (RJ), Southeast Brazil, is a region under heavy influence of seaports and mining. This feature puts at risk the quality of the local water system, especially due to the deposition of trace metals on the sediments. This work aimed to report the values of total concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn and Hg obtained in bottom surface sediments collected in Nov/2010 in the Western sector of Sepetiba Bay, through the Plasma Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The average concentrations of Ag (0.40 µg/g), Cd (0.76 µg/g), Cu (62.59 µg/g), Li (43.29 µg/g), Ni (16.65 µg/g), Pb (20.08 µg/g), Sr (389.64 µg/g) and Zn (184.2 µg/g) exceeded the limits allowed by Brazilian legislation, and are, in addition, above the natural values found in Ribeira Bay (RJ), the considered control region. It is necessary to monitor this area, due to its economic and environmental importance. AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO AMBIENTAL DO SETOR OCIDENTAL DA BAÍA DE SEPETIBA (SE BRASIL): CONTAMINAÇÃO POR METAIS TRACEResumoA Baía de Sepetiba localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), sudeste do Brasil, é uma região sob forte influência de portos marítimos e mineração. Esta característica coloca em risco a qualidade do sistema de água local, especialmente devido à deposição de metais traço nos sedimentos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo reportar os valores das concentrações totais de Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, U e Zn obtidos em sedimentos de superfície de fundo coletados em Nov / 2010 no Setor Oeste da Baía de Sepetiba, através do Espectrômetro de Plasma (ICP-OES). As concentrações médias de Ag (0,40 µg / g), Cd (0,76 µg / g), Cu (62,59 µg / g), Li (43,29 µg / g), Ni (16,65 µg / g), Pb (20,08 µg / g ), Sr (389,64 µg / g) e Zn (184,2 µg / g) ultrapassaram os limites permitidos pela legislação brasileira, e estão, além disso, acima dos valores naturais encontrados na Baía da Ribeira (RJ), a região de controle considerada. É necessário monitorar esta área, devido à sua importância econômica e ambiental. Palavras-chave: Total Trace Metals. Sedimentos Litoral. Contaminação
Transient migrants at the crossroads of China’s global future
Authors: Cheuk Ka-Kin
Published: July 2019

China has witnessed a remarkable growth in its foreign population over the past two decades. Even though they are still quite few in number at the moment, foreigners in China are being increasingly recognized and studied in the broad field of migration studies. Although they have neither the hope nor the desire to become permanent residents of China, most foreigners nonetheless continue to be construed as ‘immigrants’ or ‘migrants’ in both the scholarly and policy-oriented literature. This special issue suggests that applying these terms without problematizing them hinders our understanding of foreigners in the real-world context, in which an increasing number of people have become transient migrants in China and elsewhere. By bringing together articles that depict these foreigners’ lives as transient everywhere they go, this special issue aims to develop a new analytical lens through which ongoing global dynamisms in demography, politics and economy – particularly those that matter much to the future of both foreigners and China – can be simultaneously captured.
Monitoring patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: general characteristics and discussion questions (according to the Canadian Rheumatology Association recommendations)
Authors: Panafidina T. A. , Popkova T. V. , Solovyev S. K.
Published: July 2019

The paper details 15 new recommendations of the Canadian Rheumatology Association for the clinical monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). During their development, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) classification system for rating the quality of recommendations was used for the first time. The recommendations for physician specialization; cardiovascular risk assessment; anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibody concentrations examination during pregnancy; and annual influenza vaccination are considered to be strong; those for rating disease activity and damage index; ultrasound of the carotid arteries; diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteonecrosis; Doppler ultrasound of uterine and fetoplacental blood flow during pregnancy; screening for cervical cancer, viral hepatitis B and C in patients with SLE are regarded as conditional.
Evaluation of rituximab therapy in real clinical practice (according to the OREL registry of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Avdeeva A. S. , Satybaldyev A. M. , Demidova N. V. , Nikishina N. Yu. , Gerasimova E. V. , Muravyeva N. V. , Gridneva G. I. , Rumyantseva O. A. , Kasumova K. A. , Alekseeva A. V. , Chichasova N. V. , Kusevich D. A. , Rybakova V. V. , Koshkarova E. A. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: July 2019

Objective:to analyze therapy with rituximab (RTM) in real clinical practice according to the data available in OREL registry of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Subjects and methods. The analysis included 349 patients. All the patients received RTM: 340 – the original drug (MabThera®) and 9 – the biosimilar Acellbia®. 263 patients (75.4%) received RTM in combination with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 86 (24.6%) – RTM as monotherapy.

Results and discussion. Of the 349 patients included in the analysis, 272 (77.9%) patients received RTM as the first biologic agent (BA) (263 patients were treated with the original drug and 9 – with the biosimilar) and 77 (22.1%) patients had previously used the BA. The majority of patients (n=205 (58.7%)) received three or more; 109 (31.2%) patients – one, and 35 (10%) – two RTM courses of RTM therapy. RTM caused a significant reduction in disease activity just after the first therapy course and in the levels of acute-phase reactants (C-reactive protein (CRP) and ESR); after the fifth therapy course, median CRP concentration decreased by 1.4 times and amounted to 7 [1.2; 17.9] mg/l and that of ESR reduced by 1.8 times and was 10 [5; 20] mm/hr (p<0.05).

Conclusion.The analysis of RTM therapy in RA patients in real clinical practice demonstrated that in most cases RTM was given as the first BA, in combination with DMARDs, the main agent of which was methotrexate. The use of RTM was accompanied by a significant reduction in disease activity and in the serum levels of acute-phase reactants and autoantibodies.
Time course of changes in the clinical and instrumental manifestations of coxitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis during golimumab therapy: a GO-COX study. Preliminary results
Authors: Erdes Sh. , Dubinina T. V. , Agafonova E. M. , Rumyantseva D. G. , Davidyan S. Yu. , Zemerova E. V. , Kulikov A. I. , Markova O. G.
Published: July 2019

Objective: to evaluate the effect of golimumab (GLM) on the clinical, functional, and instrumental manifestations of coxitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Subjects and methods. The non-interventional prospective multicenter cohort study GO-COX conducted in the medical centers of the Russian Federation enrolled 39 patients with AS (meeting the modified New York criteria) and coxitis with BASRI-hip score 0–2, who were prescribed GLM as the first biologic agent at a dose of 50 mg per month. The patient's health status was assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP), and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) before and at 6 and 12 months after GLM treatment initiation. Based on the data of radiographs (the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Hip Index (BASRI-hip) scoring system), ultrasonography (USG), and STIR and T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the investigators assessed the manifestations of coxitis. The planned follow-up duration was 2 years. This paper includes 12-month follow-up results in 22 patients.

Results and discussion. At 12 weeks of GLM therapy, there were significant positive index changes: a decrease in BASDAI by an average of 3.28±1.62, in ASDAS-CRP by 2.20±0.95, in BASFI by 2.52±2.09, and in BASMI by 1.41±1.50 (p<0.0001). One year after GLM therapy initiation, the BASRI-hip values remained unchanged; 40 to 60% of patients had no MRI and USG signs of coxitis.

Conclusion. At 12 weeks, GLM therapy in patients with AS and coxitis provided a reduction in the clinical and instrumental signs of coxitis, as evidenced by MRI and USG (a significant decline in the proportion of patients with subchondral bone edema and intraarticular effusion), and also effectively suppressed other manifestations of inflammatory activity.
Pengaruh Metode Struktur Analitik Sintetik (SAS) Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Kelas I di SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Aminah Siti , Yuliawati Fitri
Published: July 2019

Kemampuan membaca siswa di sekolah tingkat sekolah dasar (SD/ MI) saat ini memiliki kecenderungan yang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan, peneliti menemukan permasalahan anak yang mengalami kendala terkait kemampuan membaca permulaan kelas 1 di SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 1 Yogyakarta. Salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan yakni dengan menggunakan metode SAS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh metode SAS terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan kelas 1 di SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 1 Yogyakarta.Desain penelitian menggunakan eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas I berjumlah 155 orang, teknik sampel menggunakan Cluster sampling. Teknik dan instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes membaca secara lisan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik parametrik yaitu uji-t, dan uji normalized gain (N-gain).Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran membaca permulaan menggunakan metode SAS (Struktur Analitik Sintetik), hal ini dibuktikan dengan menggunakan uji t dengan pengambilan keputusan menujukan taraf signifikansi (sig. 2-tailed) = 0,000 < α = (0,05), yang artinya Ha diterima sehingga terdapat perbedaan antara rata-rata kemampuan membaca permulaan kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Peningkatan nilai N-gain sebesar 0.83 dengan klasifikasi tinggi. Hal ini membuktikan penggunaan Metode SAS (Struktur Analitik Sintetik) dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kemampuan membaca permulaan.
A survey of the AAC training program for clinical competence in speech-language Intervention
Authors: Shin Sangeun ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives: Clinical competence of AAC professionals in utilizing various devices and applications is needed to assist individuals with complex communication needs to be effective AAC communicators. This study involved a survey to aid the development of a more effective education program for the professionals after training a small group on the speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Method: Twenty-four SLPs participated in this study (sex=female, mean age=35yrs, SD=9.90, max=59, min=23). The training program was adopted from the Graduate Program of AAC course in University of Pittsburgh and the continuing education program provided by the AAC institute, a nonprofit organization. After the training, all participants were issued the survey form comprising of three sections; 1) basic information including sex, age, education level, etc., 2) AAC education and clinical experience, and 3) the closed and the open-text satisfactory questionnaire on this training. Result: A wide range of demographic characteristics was found which assisted to generalize the results to some extent. Even though more than half of the participants took the AAC course in the academic program, few had the chance to be trained using more than one AAC device. The average range of Likert 5-point scale scores for the survey items was 4.08 to 4.58 except for items about the practice time. Conclusion: The survey revealed that most of the participants were satisfied with the training but the practice time was found to be inadequate for some participants. Further clinical implications were discussed.
A Case Study on the AAC intervention Using Community Adapted Activities for People with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Kim Jeongah , Yeon Seokjeong ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives: In this study, the AAC system was developed to adapt to the community around people with physical disabilities living in residential facilities for people with disability. Method: The participants for this study included 4 people with physical disabilities who had been diagnosed as 1-class handicapped presently living in the facilities and wanted to have a self-reliant life. Pre-, post-, and maintenance tests were performed. In the intervention stage, four activities were selected for intervention, and pre-, post-test, and maintenance-test were conducted in actual community situations. Results: The results of this study were as follows: First, the total number of AAC communication behaviors of the participants was increased after the intervention. Second, all of the participants maintained their AAC communication behaviors after the intervention. Conclusion: It was found that AAC intervention using community adaptated activities was positively effective for communicative behaviors in the actual community situation of people with physical disabilities.
A Usability Test of Pre-service Teachers for the Web-Act System– A Korean Web-based AAC Activity Board Making System
Authors: Lee Heeyeon , Chae Soojung , Hong Ki-Hyung ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the usability of Web-Act system, a web-based augmentative and alternative communication activity board making system, and to develop improvements accordingly. Methods: A total of 50 potential Web-Act users, 28 pre-service special education teachers and 22 pre-service general education teachers, participated in the 5-point Likert scale scenario test to gauge the ease of use and satisfaction of Web-Act’s primary functions: communication boards, calendars, schedules, sequences, and vocabulary learning boards. Additionally, the overall usability of the Web-Act in regards to development goals, content, teaching-learning strategies, usability in various contexts, and board/symbol management were evaluated through a 5-point Likert scale survey questionnaire. Results: The results of this study indicated positive usability of the Web-Act system. However, the usability of the pre-service special education teachers was relatively higher than that of the pre-service general education teachers. The results also included the users’ trial and error patterns, good points, and the points that need improvement. Discussion and Conclusion: After revising the Web-Act system through implementation of the recommendations derived from usability test, the Web-based AAC activity board making system is expected to provide efficient visual support for students with disabilities in educational practices. The limitations of this study and suggestions for subsequent studies to improve on the limitations were presented.
The Effect of the Inclusive Class AAC Intervention on Disability Cognition of Elementary Students and Communication Behavior of the Students with Autism
Authors: Min Kyeong Sim , Lim Jang Hyun ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives: Students with autism exhibit a variety of verbal shortfalls and communication challenges which leads to difficulties in learning and developing social relationships. Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) intervention can be utilized to support communication among students with autism. Students with disabilities should be taught how to use AAC appropriately; while their conversation partners also need to be trained on their roles and attitudes when communicating to people using AAC. The aim of this study was to implement AAC intervention on the entire inclusive class, and to examine the effect of AAC intervention on the cognitive ability of elementary students, and communication behavior among students with autism. Method: Inclusive class students were instructed through AAC to understand AAC. The study design used was a protest-posttest control group. In the case of students with autism, AAC intervention was offered through direct instruction. Comparison between communication behavior and school life satisfaction was done through a single case pre-posttest design. Results: First, there was a statistically significant difference in the perception of disability by elementary student. There was a positive impact on the general recognition of disability and the recognition of students with communication disabilities assigned to the inclusive class among the overall recognition of disability and sub-component. Second, there was an increase in the average incidences of communication behavior of the students with disability in experimental. Similarly, the student was satisfied with his school life. Conclusion: It is noteworthy that AAC intervention is effective in improving elementary student cognition of disability, communication and social integration of students with autism disabilities if it supports both the students with disabilities and conversation partners in the inclusive class.
A Study on the Application Effect of Service Delivery Model of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention
Authors: Kim Kyungyang ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives: Augmentative and alternative communication is a communication system that should be entirely supported. Hence, it is essential to establish and provide AAC arbitration service at the government level. The objective of this study is to develop an intervention service model through complementary and alternative communication devices and to implement it as a pilot project to verify its effectiveness. Methods: This study involved 26 subjects who had fulfilled the service criteria. The study design applied was the single group pre-post design. Results: The study results indicates that the study’s service model is effective following the post-test. The post-tests include: parent-child interaction, the number of communication behaviors, the number of vocabularies used. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, practical suggestions and recommendations were made.
Nonradial Solutions for the Hénon Equation Close to the Threshold
Authors: Figueroa Pablo , Neves Sérgio L. N.
Published: July 2019

We consider the Hénon problem

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

|
x
|

α

⁢

u

N
+
2
+

2
⁢
α

N
-
2

-
ε

in 
⁢

B
1

,

u
>
0

in 
⁢

B
1

,

u
=
0

on 
⁢

∂
⁡

B
1

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{-}\Delta u=\lvert x\rvert^{\alpha}u^{% \frac{N+2+2\alpha}{N-2}-\varepsilon}&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }B_{1},% \\ &\displaystyle u>0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }B_{1},\\ &\displaystyle u=0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial B_{1},\end{% aligned}\right.

where

B
1

{B_{1}}

is the unit ball in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

and

N
⩾
3

{N\geqslant 3}

. For

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

small enough, we use α as a parameter and prove the existence of a branch of nonradial solutions that bifurcates from the radial one when α is close to an even positive integer.
Kaserne, Platz und Forum. Manifestationen einesacademical village
Authors: Thomas Lil Helle
Published: July 2019

Thomas Jefferson coined the image of the academical village for the university-campus. Whereupon the word village can be translated into the German expression ›Dorf‹ (village) as well as ›Gemeinde‹ (community). Thus the place and people, who enliven their surroundings, are an integral part of the campus. This metaphor gathers the cultural imprint of the campus as an ideal environment for learning as well as its incorporated imaginations. This article follows the question, if the buildings of a university can be seen as a result of the social structures of the academical village. Perhaps they were intended from the beginning on as a production of these social configurations. Therefore this paper wants to inquire specifically into the expressiveness of architecture in the specific case of the early Saarbrücken campus planning of the Universität des Saarlandes. The field of tension university shall be approached as a topic between representative institution and architectural manifestation.
Building environmental history for Naval aircraft
Authors: Nickerson William C. , Amiri Mehdi , Iyyer Nagaraja
Published: July 2019

The operating environment of Navy aircraft varies to a good degree depending upon the squadron location, flight requirements, and other field and ground activities. All these conditions promote corrosion of one type or the other. The aircraft operations will also have influence on the type of corrosion. Thus, building an environment history that can monitor and track the damage development in many areas of the aircraft structure based on aircraft activities, operating environment, and service history data is crucial. The development of such environmental history builder has two main advantages: first, it provides a tool to treat corrosion as a structural issue, and second, it accounts for time variation of environmental factors such as relative humidity (RH) and temperature rather than average environmental data. This paper will demonstrate how the environmental history builder could be used, in conjunction with predictive models, to predict corrosion damage.
CFD Modeling to Predict Mass Transfer in Multicomponent Mixtures
Authors: Lavasani Mitra Sadat , Rahimi Rahbar , Zivdar Mortaza , Kalbassi Mohammad
Published: July 2019

A novel three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics mass transfer (CMT) model in Eulerian–Eulerian frame work is deploys for investigating the concentration profiles, and trays efficiencies in multicomponent distillation columns. The proposed model is based on Maxwell Stefan equations, and CFD was employed as a powerful tool to model the hydrodynamics and mass transfer. The two phases are modelled as two interpenetrating phases with interphase momentum, heat and mass transfer. The Closure model is developed for mass interphase transfer rate in ternary mixtures. The predictability of the mass transfer behaviours of multicomponent can result in a more efficient and predictable design of distillation trays. Two non-ideal ternary mixtures were studied. The tray geometry and operating conditions are based on the experimental works of Kalbassi and the composition profiles, tray efficiencies, and point efficiencies of mixtures were presented. The obtained results were confirmed by the experimental data. The results indicate that the values of individual component tray efficiencies and point efficiencies for these multicomponent systems were considerably different which confirm the interactive nature of the mass transfer in multicomponent mixtures. These mixtures also illustrated different point efficiencies across the tray because of the composition dependency of these mixtures. The average relative error for the prediction of efficiencies is about 8 %, which indicates the accuracy of the model.
Real-Time Map Matching: A New Algorithm Integrating Spatio-Temporal Proximity and Improved Weighted Circle
Authors: Teng Wenxin , Wang Yanhui
Published: July 2019

Previous real-time map matching algorithms for in-vehicle navigation systems had some efficiencies and defects on time lagging and low accuracy. As a response, this paper proposes a new algorithm that integrates STP (spatio-temporal proximity) and IWC (improved weighted circle), in which the new algorithm proposes STP to dynamically refine candidate matching roads, and IWC to adaptively identify the optimal matching road. Specifically, three spatio-temporal proximity indicators are defined in STP to build a three-dimensional stereoscopic cone, and then the two-dimensional projection of the cone are adopted to dynamically select the candidate matching roads. Further, by adaptively setting the weight, the IWC algorithm is developed to integrate three new parameters to adaptively determine the optimal matching road. The test results show that the matching accuracy of the algorithm is over 95%, much higher than that of the existing algorithm, which demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the new algorithm.
Mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a model 2D angular domain
Authors: Duduchava Roland , Tsaava Medea
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the present research is to investigate model mixed boundary value problems (BVPs) for the Helmholtz equation in a planar angular domain

Ω
α

⊂

ℝ
2

{\Omega_{\alpha}\subset\mathbb{R}^{2}}

of magnitude α.
These problems are considered in a non-classical setting when a solution is sought in the Bessel potential spaces

ℍ
p
s

⁢

(

Ω
α

)

{\mathbb{H}^{s}_{p}(\Omega_{\alpha})}

,

s
>

1
p

{s>\frac{1}{p}}

,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

.
The investigation is carried out using the potential method by reducing the problems to an equivalent boundary integral equation (BIE) in the Sobolev–Slobodečkii space on a semi-infinite axis

𝕎
p

s
-

1
/
p

⁢

(

ℝ
+

)

{\mathbb{W}^{{s-1/p}}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+})}

, which is of Mellin convolution type.
Applying the recent results on Mellin convolution equations in the Bessel potential spaces obtained by V. Didenko and R. Duduchava
[Mellin convolution operators in Bessel potential spaces,
J. Math. Anal. Appl. 443 2016, 2, 707–731],
explicit conditions of the unique solvability of this BIE in the Sobolev–Slobodečkii

𝕎
p
r

⁢

(

ℝ
+

)

{\mathbb{W}^{r}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+})}

and Bessel potential

ℍ
p
r

⁢

(

ℝ
+

)

{\mathbb{H}^{r}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+})}

spaces for arbitrary r are found and used to write explicit conditions for the Fredholm property and unique solvability of the initial model BVPs for the Helmholtz equation in the non-classical setting.
The same problem was investigated in a previous paper
[R. Duduchava and M. Tsaava,
Mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in arbitrary 2D-sectors,
Georgian Math. J. 20 2013, 3, 439–467],
but there were made fatal errors.
In the present paper, we correct these results.
If everything is syntax, why are words so important? An a-morphous but non-lexicalist approach
Authors: Mendívil-Giró José-Luis
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the hypothesis that words (and not morphemes) are the minimal units of connection between sound and meaning in human languages. Such a proposal implies the definition of the word as a categorized syntactic derivation that is linked in memory to a representation in the sensorimotor system. The main implications of the hypothesis are the following: (i) A non-lexicalist model is compatible with the phenomena of lexical integrity and lack of productivity that motivate lexicalist models. (ii) It can be concluded that bound morphemes (roots and affixes) are neither syntactic nor conceptual entities, but purely morphophonological ones. Morphemes are side effects of linguistic change operating as resources to optimize the processing and memorization of words. And (iii) a neo-constructionist conception of words is made compatible with a paradigmatic morphology.
Acid-mediated N-iodosuccinimide-based thioglycoside activation for the automated solution-phase synthesis of α-1,2-linked-rhamnopyranosides
Authors: Kohout Victoria R. , Pirinelli Alyssa L. , Pohl Nicola L. B.
Published: July 2019

Carbohydrate structures are often complex. Unfortunately, synthesis of the range of sugar combinations precludes the use of a single coupling protocol or set of reagents. Adapting known, reliable bench-chemistry reactions to work via automation will help forward the goal of synthesizing a broad range of glycans. Herein, the preparation of di- and tri-saccharides of alpha 1→2 rhamnan fragments is demonstrated using thioglycoside donors with the development for a solution-phase-based automation platform of commonly used activation conditions using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) with trimethylsilyl triflate. Byproducts of the glycosylation reaction are shown to be compatible with hydrazine-based deprotection conditions, lending broader functionality to this method as only one fluorous-solid-phase extraction step per coupling/deprotection cycle is required.
Retreatment of a Print Damaged by Excessive Sodium Borohydride Bleaching
Authors: Müller Emily M. K. , Henniges Ute , Brückle Irene
Published: July 2019

An etching that was visibly damaged as a result of previous bleaching with a 5.6 % aqueous sodium borohydride solution underwent retreatment involving washing to stabilize the embrittled paper and to remove potentially present bleaching residues. During a final immersion in a dilute calcium hydrogen carbonate solution administered for deacidification, an unexpected and severe blistering occurred that is explained as a recurrence of previous bleaching-related blistering. The blisters were laid down. The treatment concluded with a consolidation of the bleach-damaged paper surface using a 0.5 % gelatine solution applied by misting.
A status review of terpenes and their separation methods
Authors: Ben Salha Ghada , Abderrabba Manef , Labidi Jalel
Published: July 2019

Terpenes or terpenoids are extracted or steam distilled for the recovery of the essential oils of specific fragrant plants. These steam distillates are used to create fine perfumes, to refine the flavor and the aroma of food and drinks, and to produce medicines from plants (phytopharmaca). In recent years, consumers have developed an increasing interest in natural products, as most of these terpenoids have been identified as high value chemicals in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and industrial crops. Extensive chemical techniques and biological tests have led to the identification, biological characterization, and extraction of major components that are of wide interest, especially to the cosmetic and industrial recovery of selective terpenes. The current status of the knowledge of their general structure, functions, and bioactive properties and the methods for their separation are covered in this review.
The Connection between the Averted Infections Ratio and the Rate Ratio in Active-control Trials of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Agents
Authors: Dunn David T. , Glidden David V.
Published: July 2019

The design and analysis of active-control trials to evaluate experimental HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) agents pose serious statistical challenges. We recently proposed a new outcome measure, the averted infections ratio (AIR) – the proportion of infections that would be averted by using the experimental agent rather than the control agent (compared to no intervention). The main aim of the current paper is to examine the mathematical connection between AIR and the HIV incidence rate ratio, the standard outcome measure. We also consider the sample size implications of the choice of primary outcome measure and explore the connection between effectiveness and efficacy under a simplified model of adherence.
Existential and locative constructions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Paul Waltraud , Lu Yaqiao , Lee Thomas Hun-tak
Published: July 2019

Despite previous studies (cf. among others Huang 1987. Existential sentences in Chinese and (in)definiteness. In Eric J. Reuland & Alice G.B. Ter Meulen (eds.),The representation of (In)definiteness, 226–253. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 1990.Order and constituency in Mandarin Chinese. Dordrecht: Kluwer; Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 1998. Two types of existential sentences.Illinois Papers in Linguistics26. 175–191; Pan, Haihua. 1996. Imperfective aspectzhe, agent deletion, and locative inversion in Mandarin Chinese.Natural Language and Linguistic Theory14(2). 409–432), the defining characteristics of existential sentences in Chinese (including potential equivalents oflocative inversionin English) have remained controversial. This is shown to be due to the failure to acknowledge the existence of two different constructions, theexistential construction(ExC) ‘Ø V DP’ where a sentence-initial phrase indicating location (PlaceP) is not required, on the one hand, and thelocative construction(LoC) with an obligatory PlaceP, on the other: ‘PlaceP V DP’. Only the ExC can serve as a diagnostic context for unaccusative verbs, whereas the LoC allows for a wide range of verbs, including a subset of unergative verbs. Furthermore, two types of LoC need to be distinguished, depending on the type of aspect (perfective aspect -levs imperfective aspect-zhe), giving rise to different semantics. Both have, however, in common that the PlaceP occupies the subject position (SpecTP), not the topic position, and that it is merged in SpecTP, not moved there, as evidenced by the systematic lack of a corresponding source structure with the PlaceP in postverbal position.
An interface analysis of marked copular constructions: The case of there-sentences
Authors: Ramaglia Francesca
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes an interface account of existential sentences, in which the examination of the semantic, morphosyntactic, discourse and prosodic properties of these and related constructions is aimed to explore the similarities and differences with other types of IS-marked copular structures. In particular, a structural parallelism is proposed between existentials and clefts, as well as between (inverted) locatives and (inverted) pseudoclefts. In the analysis of existential constructions, the investigation of the Definiteness Effect reveals the need for a distinction acrossthere-sentences; in particular, the interface properties of the relevant structures suggest that different analyses should be provided for existential and presentationalthere-sentences, which present crucial formal asymmetries at various levels of analysis.