bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical methods and tools for risk diagnostics in the activities of agricultural organizations
Authors: ZAITSEV Sergei V. , ALIBEKOVA Arina B. , KOROTENKOVA Anastasiya D. , SHISHKINA Sof’ya S.
Published: January 2022

Subject. The article addresses risk diagnostics in the activities of organizations of agro-industrial complex in the Astrakhan Oblast.
Objectives. The focus is to develop practical recommendations aimed at minimizing the risks of organizations operating in the agro-industrial complex of the Astrakhan Oblast.
Methods. The study rests on the analysis of data provided by the State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing Industry of the Astrakhan Oblast and the calculation of indicators based on these data. We apply the indicative method and calculation of integrated index.
Results. We analyzed the main socio-economic indicators and diagnosed risks, using a risk map. The indicative method and the calculation of integrated indicator helped specify a low (pre-crisis) level of economic security in the agro-industrial complex for three years under study. To mitigate the identified risks we proposed measures to be taken by the government, like farm business concessional loans scheme, careful selection of creditors and borrowers, support to unprofitable farms, taking into account the WTO rules.
Conclusions. The findings enable to analyze the current state of agriculture in the Astrakhan Oblast and develop the areas of risk mitigation in the agro-industrial complex. It is crucial to stabilize the financial condition through stock reduction, improve the supply chain process, the system of warehouses and storage facilities.
Russian finance formation tactics amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: SMIRNOV Valerii V.
Published: January 2022

Subject. This article studies the tactical practices of Russian finance formation.
Objectives. The article aims to identify critical indicators and ways to implement the policy of forming Russian finance amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analyses.
Results. The article identifies critical indicators of the tactics of forming Russian finance amid the COVID-19 pandemic and finds that the policy of forming Russian finance in the context of COVID-19 is implemented within the framework of statutory regulation of requirements for the private sector and other obligations to other deposit corporations, as well as requirements for other deposit and financial corporations.
Conclusions. The identified critical indicators of the tactics of forming Russian finance amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the way it is implemented can help the government of the Russian Federation adjust actions to support economic growth.
Sosialisasi PERDA Nomor 5 Tahun 2015 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah
Authors: Maulidiana Lina , Kurnia Kamal Fahmi , Cantika Moza , Hasanah Imrotul
Published: January 2022

Peningkatan pemahaman hukum masyarakat melalui sosialisasi PERDA Nomor 5 Tahun 2015 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah dilaksanakan terhadap masyarakat yang berdomisili di Kelurahan Gunung Terang Kecamatan Langkapura Bandar Lampung, dihadiri oleh masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan. Dilaksanakan tanggal 22 September 2020 pada pukul 09.00-13.00 wib. Tempat atau lokasi kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan di kediaman H.Abdul Salim,M.M. yang merupakan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah kota Bandar Lampung. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan yaitu tahap persiapan, dan tahap pelaksanaan. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan bahwa dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang nomor 5 tahun 2015 tentang pengelolaan sampah dengan paradigma baru yaitu sampah sebagai sumber daya yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan dapat dimanfaatkan.
PENGARUH INSENTIF DAN PENGAWASAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VII (PERSERO) LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Nuzleha Nuzleha , Yamin Yuliana , Safitri Meilinda , Mirnasari Tiar
Published: January 2022

Objek penelitian ini adalah PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII (Persero) Unit Usaha Pematang Kiwah Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan berlokasi di Jalan Raya NatarNo. 71. A.Desa Tanjungrejo, Kecamatan Natar, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Menghasilkan produk agribisnis dan agroindustri karet remah berkualitas Standard Indonesian Rubber (SIR) untuk pasar domestik maupun International Tujuan penelitian adalahuntuk mengetahui, pengaruh insentif terhadap kinerja karyawan padaPT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII (Persero) Unit Usaha Pematang Kiwah Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, pengaruh pengawasan terhadap kinerja karyawan, untuk mengetahui pengaruh insentifdan pengawasan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Besaran sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah 70 orang karyawan. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif menganalisis data menggunakan rumus regresi linier berganda dan pengujian hipotesis uji t student dan uji F serta didukung oleh program sofware SPSS 21.Kata kunci ; insentif, pengawasan dan kinerja
ANALISIS DETERMINAN FAKTOR PENYEBAB UMKM NAIK KELAS DI ERA PANDEMI COVID19
Authors: Sitanggang Dingot Hamonangan Ismail
Published: January 2022

Peran UMKM dalam menyelamatkan ekonomi bangsa tidak dapat diragukan lagi. Dari krisis tahun 1997 dan juga saat krisis 2020 sebagai akibat dari pandemic covid 19. Dalam pandemi covid 19 cukup banyak UMKM yang bermasalah. Penelitian terhadap UMKM selama periode Covid 19 sejak Desember 2019 sampai saat ini Oktober 2020, dengan menggunakan studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa diantara penyebab UMKM naik kelas semasa covid 19 adalah karena UMKM tersebut dengan kelincahannya menyesuaikan diri dengan tuntutan perubahan kebutuhan perilaku konsumen pada satu sisi dan pada sisi lainnya selalu melakukan inovasi produk,inovasi pelayanan sesuai persepsi konsumen seperti dengan memperbaiki kemasan,menerapkan protocol covid dalam produksi,pelayanan antara jemput, berpromosi secara online serta bersedia melakukan pembayaran ditempat(OCD).Sarandari penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan penelitian lebihl lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih luas dan beragam jenis usahanya.
STUDY ALIRAN DAYA (LOAD FLOW) PADA SISTEM DISTRIBUSI TENAGA LISTRIK GEDUNG PASCA SARJANA UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA SURABAYA
Authors: Kiswantono Agus , Ilmi Firmansyah Darul
Published: January 2022

Studi  aliran beban dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai alirandaya atau tegangan pada suatu jaringan sistem tenaga listrik. Informasi ini sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja sistem tenaga. Permasalahan aliran daya mencakup perhitungan aliran dan tegangan sistem pada terminal atau bus tertentu. penelitian evaluatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian operation research/action research, Manfaat studi aliran daya ini yaitu, untuk mengetahui tegangan pada setiap simpul yang ada pada sistem, untuk mengetahui semua peralatan apakah memenuhi batas – batas yang ditentukan untuk meyalurkan daya yang diinginkan, dan untuk memperoleh kondisi mula pada perencanaan sistem yang baru. Studi study aliran beban ini mengambil contoh pada implementasi sistem tenaga listrik di lembaga pendidikan Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya, dengan karakteristik beban terpusat (lumped load), jaringan sistem distribusi tenaga listrik berupa jaringan radial dan sumber tegangan berasal dari saluran menengah PLN 20 kV menuju ke titik – titik beban. Dari hasil perhitungan aliran daya berbantuan program ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem jaringan listrik sudah baik.Hasil yang diperoleh adalah Circuit breaker pada CB4 mengalami overload dan pada bus 24, bus 4 dan bus 6 mengalami undervoltage. Sedangkan aliran daya masih memenuhi standar menurut hasil Text Report pada ETAP.
PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN SATWA LIAR YANG DILINDUNGI MENURUT HUKUM INDONESIA DAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Hanim Lathifah , Chalim Munsharif Abdul , Hafidz Jawade
Published: January 2022

Perlindungan satwa liar diatur dalam instrument Hukum Internasional seperti Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . Di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang No.5 tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya dan peraturan pelaksanaan lainnya mengatur perlindungan jenis satwa liar atau hidupan liar. Rumusan masalahnya adalah 1. Bagaimana Perbandingan Bentuk Perlindungan Satwa Liar Menurut Hukum Indonesia dan Hukum Internasional ? 2. Apa hambatan-hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan satwa liar menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya ?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris. Hasil Penelitiannya adalah : 1. Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Satwa Liar Menurut Hukum Indonesia dan Hukum Internasional yaitu Perlindungan satwa liar diatur dalam instrument Hukum Internasional seperti Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . Instrumen Hukum Internasional perlindungan dan pemanfaatan satwa liar yang dilindungi (wilslife spesies) antara lain adalah Daftar Merah Spesies yang terancam Punah IUCN dan CITES 1973. Indonesia meratifikasi CITES melalui Keputusan Presiden No.43 tahun 1978.CITES mengategorikan spesies dalam 3 (tiga) kelas yaitu spesies yang termasuk di dalam Appendix I, II dan III (NonAppendix). Di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang No.5 tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya dan peraturan pelaksanaan lainnya mengatur perlindungan jenis satwa liar atau hidupan liar. 2. Hambatan-hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan satwa liar menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya ? Instrumen hukum nasional yang melindungi satwa dan tumbuhan liar belum memiliki kelengkapan ketentuan yang mengacu pada CITES sepenuhnya, dan ancaman sanksi yang ada juga tidak menimbulkan efek jera pelaku kejahatan. Perlu dilakukan perubahan perundang-undangan dibidang konservasi, perlindungan satwa atau tumbuhan liar yang sejalan dengan perkembangan instrument hukum Internasional.
PELATIHAN VIRTUAL PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI MOBILE LEARNING BERBASIS E-LEARNING BAGI MAHASISWA PRODI PBA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM
Authors: Nasarudin Nasarudin , Husnan Husnan
Published: January 2022

Tujuan pelaksanan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan virtual penggunaan aplikasi mobile learnig berbasis e-learning mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa Arab Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Hasil kegiatan ini yairu, bahwa dalam pelaksanaannya menempuh dua tahap yaitu tahap micropraktik dan tahap realpraktik. Tahap micropraktik diaplikasikan dengan memberikan pelatihan melalui proses pembelajaran online yang menggunakan aplikasi mobile learning seperti zoom meting, whatsapp, telegram, facebook. Sedangkan tahap pelatihan realpraktik diaplikasikan dengan melakukan pelatihan virtual via zoom meting dengan menyikan materi aplication mobile learning yaitu: zoom, google meet, google classroom, edmodo, edlink, webex, schology, dan whatsapp.
OPTIMALISASI KESADARAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEPASTIAN HUKUM SERTIFIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH
Authors: Renaldy Rendy , Maulidiana Lina
Published: January 2022

Desa Sabah Balau merupakan kawasan dengan banyaknya lapangan kerja bagi petani untuk menggarap tanah yang secara regulasi dikuasai oleh PTPN VII, potensi masalah yang akan timbul mendatang seperti tumpang tindih pengakuan kepemilikan hak atas tanah, biasanya problem ini timbul ketika pamanfaatan lahan yang dikuasai oleh PTPN VII telah kadaluarsa, maka tanah tersebut akan dilepaskan kepada Negara serta Masyarakat Desa Sabah Balau punya hak perogratif untuk menguasai tanah bekas garapan tersebut baik seacara fisik maupun yuridis dengan ketentuan ganti rugi yang telah disepakati. Realita kasus tersebut akan menjadi penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran hukum masyarakat Desa Sabah Balau mengenai arti pentingnya bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanah yang dalam hal ini adalah Sertifikat. Hasil pengabdian ini menjawab bahwa optimalisasi kesadaran hukum masyarakat Desa Sabah Balau terhadap kepastian hukum sertifikat hak atas tanah adalah dapat diaplikasikan dengan mendorong kemauan masyarkat Desa Sabah Balau untuk mendaftarkan tanahnya serta menanamkan rasa waspada akan terjadinya klaim sepihak dari pihak lain yang tidak bertanggungjawab yang berpotensi sengketa dikemudian hari, sedangkan kendala optimalisasi kesadaran hukum masyarakat Desa Sabah Balau terhadap kepastian hukum sertifikat hak atas tanah adalah belum adanya tindakan seperti pendampingan khusus terhadap sertifikasi tanah masyarakat Desa Sabah balau dan belum eksisnya edukasi dari stakeholder terkait seperti perangkat Desa, Pemerintah dan Akademisi baik secara formal maupun non formal.
Tingkat Adopsi Teknologi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) di Kabupaten Seluma
Authors: Ayu Sulastri Merna , Utama Satria Putra , Sukiyono Ketut
Published: January 2022

Integrated Plant Management Technology (IPMT) is currently applied by farmers in the village of Rimbo Kedui Seluma District. In the context of agricultural technology adoption, farmers' perception of innovation characteristics becomes very important because it becomes the basis of decision making to accept or reject an innovation. The purposes of this research were to analyze the perception of farmers on innovation, the level of adoption of innovation in farmers in understanding the.technology.component contained in Integrated Plant Management, analyzing what variables affect the level of Technology adoption on rice farmers in Seluma district. The method used in this study was the method of analysis of SEM (Structural Equation Model). Variables used were the characteristics of internal farmers, the perception and level.of.adoption.of integrated plant management technology. The respondents.used in this study were 140 people. The results of the research showed that farmers' perception of integrated plant management technology was..in..medium.category,.farmer adoption rate was in medium category, and variable that affects farmers adopt plant management technology was integrated characteristics of the farmer's internal at 0.44 and the perception of farmers at -0.11, internal characteristics of farmers through the perception of farmers that is equal to 0.00.
Granizal: de desplazamientos, representaciones y archivos
Authors: Serna Luis Eduardo
Published: January 2022

The largest informal settlement in Antioquia is also the place that houses the department’s largest displaced population. Being a victim of the armed conflict in Colombia created a narrative that has forced the inhabitants of Granizal to act accordingly. Through artistic practices that seek other ways to document and build archives, a team from the School of Arts of the National University developed strategies with the population to realize what it means to wait for the reparation to which they are entitled, or to wait for an offer for their house so they can leave, or to have potable water so they can stay.
NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC SỬ DỤNG CHỈ NGÔN TÌNH THÁI Ở CÁC VĂN BẢN BÁO CHÍ BÌNH LUẬN TRONG SÁCH HỌC TIẾNG PHÁP LE NOUVEAU TAXI ! 3
Authors: Trương Hoàng Lê
Published: January 2022

Văn bản báo chí thường được sử dụng nhiều nhất làm bài đọc khởi đầu cho một bài học (leçon) của sách học tiếng Pháp. Trong văn bản viết, người viết không chỉ chuyển tải thông tin cho người đọc mà còn muốn thể hiện thái độ, cảm xúc của mình về sự việc được thông tin bằng các chỉ ngôn tình thái. Trên thế giới và ở trong nước đã có nhiều nghiên cứu lý thuyết và khảo sát chỉ ngôn tình thái. Bài báo trình bày kết quả khảo sát các loại chỉ ngôn tình thái xuất hiện trong các văn bản báo chí bình luận được sử dụng làm bài đọc khởi đầu ở sách học tiếng Pháp Le Nouveau Taxi! 3.
Kết quả khảo sát giúp cho sinh viên nắm được cách sử dụng các chỉ ngôn tình thái và nhận thức hơn vai trò của chúng trong việc xác định nghĩa văn bản báo chí tiếng Pháp.
To Cast the First Stone: The Transmission of a Gospel Story, by Jennifer Knust and Tommy Wasserman
Authors: Bentley Wessel
Published: January 2022

Book review
Zionism and Pentecostalism: Black Zionist Roots in the AFM of SA through the Lens of Decoloniality
Authors: Solomon Kgatle Mookgo
Published: January 2022

Contrary to literature that recognises American missionaries John G Lake and Thomas Hezmalhalch as cofounders of the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) of South Africa, this article seeks to demonstrate the role played by the Black Zionist movement in preparing the foundation of the AFM of South Africa. This shall be done by demonstrating the role played by Wakkerstroom Congregation; the Central Tabernacle in Zion; the distinctiveness of the Black Zionist movement; and the distinct Black Zionist leaders in South Africa. I argue through the lens of decoloniality that there was already a group of Black Zionists fellowshipping at what is known as Wakkerstroom Congregation when John G Lake and Thomas Hezmalhalch arrived in South Africa. This congregation later gave birth to the AFM of South Africa in 1908 and other Zionist churches thereafter. The Black Zionist roots of the AFM discussed in this article have three implications. First, they suggest that the AFM is truly a Black and African church; hence, the church grows largely among Black people. Second, these roots are important for sustaining the growth of the AFM in the future. Last, the discussion challenges church historians to consider the Black Zionist roots when studying the foundation of the AFM.
Rebel Discourse(s) on Gender as Demonstrated by Contemporary and Historical Chinese Marriage Practices
Authors: Lötter Casper
Published: January 2022

I attempt to evaluate rebel discourse(s), as opposed to mainstream, dominant discourse, on gender as demonstrated by marriage practices in Chinese societies, both contemporary and historical, vis-à-vis general Western, marriage practices. This is done discursive-analytically by way of cross-cultural analysis as methodology. Contributions on the theory of discourse are considered and applied. In this contribution, several rebel discourses on marriage during both post-Maoist Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) and former dynastic periods, are found to be emancipatory (with women refusing to partake in patriarchal constructs such as marriage) and progressive (with women having several sexual partners simultaneously). The hope is expressed that the profound insights unearthed from these rebel discourse(s) might be beneficial for Western feminisms. To this end, I utilise Zwart’s notion of cultural “mixing” and Derrida’s idea of the “sliding signifier” before making recommendations for improved public policy formulation. If the 21st century is indeed the Chinese century, such investigations are crucial
The “Pandemic” and the Differend
Authors: Olivier Bert
Published: January 2022

Jean-Francois Lyotard’s concept of “the differend” enables one to gain a purchase on the plethora of clashing, divergent discourses or opinions characterising the current historical era, that of the coronavirus “pandemic” (Covid-19), in so far as this concept enables one to discern those areas of discourse where no possibility of agreement could possibly be reached. It contrasts Lyotard’s notion of the differend with Habermas’s of “consensus,” and advances the argument that Lyotard’s perspective not merely seems to be applicable to the global situation, today, but that it appears to be vindicated by the incommensurability of opinions, views and beliefs characterising the informational and communicational exchange in contemporary media on various aspects of the “pandemic.” The latter include the question of the origin of the “novel coronavirus” (natural, zoonotic transfer to humans, or techno-scientifically produced in a laboratory); the issue of so-called PCR-tests (reliable or not); whether to “lockdown” or not (Sweden versus the rest of the world); and perhaps the most vexing question of them all, namely, whether to receive a Covid-19 vaccine or not (one of several available ones), or to depend on alternative available treatments such as Ivermectin, when necessary. It is demonstrated that the available reports, opinions and pronouncements on these issues diverge irreconcilably, and therefore constitute an exemplary instance of the differend. Finally, the question is raised, what it would take to resolve the differend, or alternatively, make it disappear.
Partnership Remembered: Erets Canaan as Co-Provider and Co-Enforcer in H
Authors: Meyer Esias
Published: January 2022

The article contrasts two views of “land” in two texts which both originated in priestly circles. The first text is the Priestly creation narrative, and here the article leans heavily on the work of Norman Habel and the Earth Bible Project. For Habel, Genesis 1 is the story of the loss of partnership between God and Earth. The article then describes the portrayal of the “land of Canaan” or “Erets Canaan” in the Holiness Legislation and shows how the old partnership is remembered and rekindled. In the second part of the article the earlier work of Esias Meyer is used. The objective of this article is to contrast these two views of relationship to land and to make clear that the Holiness Legislation is much less anthropocentric than its Priestly predecessor in Genesis 1.
Defining Collective Nouns: How Cognitive Linguistics Can Help Hebrew Grammarians
Authors: McLaurin Dougald
Published: January 2022

In previous studies of the collective noun in Hebrew, collectives have been treated as a homogeneous group of nouns. Collectives have been defined as a noun that refers to a group of real-world entities and is grammatically singular. Sometimes included in this discussion are mass nouns and proper nouns. This article argues that mass nouns and proper nouns should not be included as part of the discussion about collective nouns. Then it seeks to apply the research of Joosten et al. on Dutch collective nouns to Biblical Hebrew. Joosten identifies three types of collective nouns. First, Type 1 nouns focus on the collection as a whole. On the other end of the spectrum are Type 3 nouns which focus on the members of a collection. Type 2 nouns have the flexibility to refer to the collection in one context, while in others it can have a member focus. Using a sampling of collectives that appear in Deuteronomy, this article uses attributives, demonstratives, and cardinal numbers to help identify collective nouns in Biblical Hebrew using Joosten’s categories. Observing these syntactical elements alongside collectives this article shows that Type 1 nouns will have agreement between adjectives and collectives. Type 3 nouns will have disagreement. Type 2 nouns will, depending on the focus, have either agreement or disagreement.
A Re-examination of Verb Agreement with Conjoined Subjects in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Scheumann Jesse
Published: January 2022

Partial agreement refers to sentences that have conjoined subjects but a singular verb. Although word order is commonly cited in the Biblical Hebrew literature as affecting partial agreement, there is no consensus regarding such an effect. This syntactic study of all clauses with a compound subject in Genesis–2 Kings reveals that a singular verb always agrees with the initial conjunct. The results are incorporated in a cross-linguistic typology of partial agreement. Other key results are that only a coordinate compound headed by an R-expression (rather than a pronoun) is a subject, and that partial agreement is the dominant pattern when the verb and first conjunct are contiguous. A two-step process of Agree—first in syntax and then in phonology—is able to produce the optional partial agreement patterns, laying a better foundation for future studies to analyse the semantic and discourse-analysis effects on verb agreement.
Morphology and Markedness: On Verb Switching in Hebrew Poetry
Authors: Robar Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Historically, grammarians have viewed tenses as simple, unanalysable pieces of grammatical information. Portmanteau tenses may combine tense, aspect, and modality, but these are the main categories. Suzanne Fleischman has proposed a radically new paradigm in which not only verbal forms but entire discourse contexts are analysed as clusters of oppositional properties to which markedness values apply. It is in the interaction of the cluster of properties associated with a verbal form and those associated with its discourse context that we find the locus of verbal meaning. This interactive meaning is illustrated by examples from Psalm 18, demonstrating that morphological forms have the effect of either drawing non-prototypical situations closer to the prototype or drawing situations farther away from the prototype.
The naive picture and unbridled world in the story Lilika by Dragoslav Mihailović
Authors: Hamović Valentina
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with the motifs of eroticism in the story Lilika by Dragoslav Mihailović, in the context of the growing up and maturing of the young ten-year-old heroine. The erotic in this story is brought down to the level of pornography – animal instincts in the scenes of the girl’s drunken mother and stepfather grabbing each other by the arms and legs in front of the child, slipping hands under the skirt, chasing each other with knives and pushing their tongues into each other’s mouth. They stretch the sphere of eroticism to extremes, which is, in this case, thanatically tainted. And such a bestial life that is led by the stepfather and the mother is not far from true violence over the ten-year-old girl, who is beaten and tied to a bed by the parents; and apart from the physical abuse, whose effects are frequent blood spots and bruises under Lilika’s eyes and uncontrolled night urination, there is an additional passive kindof violence towards the girl – ignoring and neglecting her. In a series of circumstances in which she finds herself unwillingly, there forms an inner framework of the heroine’s unhappy childhood, whose basic problem was posed already at her very birth, and it is the question of her identity.
Immunocytochemistry of effusion fluids: Introduction to SCIP approach
Authors: Shidham Vinod B. , Layfield Lester J.
Published: January 2022

Due to the remarkably wide morphologic spectrum of reactive mesothelial cells, some of the effusion fluids may be difficult to interpret with objective certainty by cytomorphology alone. Cytomorphology of well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (responsible for the bulk of malignant effusions) may overlap with floridly reactive mesothelial cells. Even mesotheliomas including diffuse malignant epithelioid mesothelioma, are usually cytomorphologically bland without unequivocal features of malignancy.

The intensity of challenge depends on the interpreter’s training or experience level, institutional demographics of patients (such as type of prevalent diseases, predominant sex and age group), technical support, and quality of cytopreparatory processing. In general immunocytochemistry is valuable adjunct to facilitate objective interpretation with or without other ancillary techniques as indicated. An increasing number of immunomarkers is further refining the contribution of immunohistochemistry to this field.

However, application of immunohistochemistry to effusion fluids is relatively challenging because of many variables. Multiple factors such as delay after specimen collection, specimen processing related factors including fixation and storage; ambient conditions under which paraffin blocks are archived (for retrospective testing); antigen retrieval method; duration of antigen retrieval step; antibody clone and dilution; and antibody application time are identical to application of immunohistochemistry in other areas. The significant challenge related to the potential compromization of the immunoreactivity pattern due to exposure to non-formalin fixatives / reagents is also applicable to effusion fluid specimens.

The immunoreactivity results would be compared and corelated with cumulative metadata based on the reported studies performed and validated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Deviating from such protocols may lead to suboptimal results, which is not uncommon in clinical practice with potential compromization of patient care and related liability. Because of this, it is critical to perform immunocytochemistry on formalin-fixed cell-block sections only.

In addition, unless the interpretation criteria for immunohistochemical evaluation of effusion fluids are not modified specifically, it may not be productive in resolving some challenging cases. However, this aspect is not well elaborated in the literature. A basic and critical challenge is finding and locating the cells of interest in cell-block sections of effusion fluids. A unique approach is to choose a fundamental immunopanel which highlight the mesothelial and inflammatory cells in reactive effusion fluids to create the basic map. This allows detection of a ‘second-foreign’ population which can be immunocharacterized further with the help of subtractive coordinate immunoreactivity pattern (SCIP) approach elaborated here.
Metastatic Carcinoma in Effusions
Authors: Shidham Vinod B.
Published: January 2022

Serous cavity may be involved by any neoplasm, including very rare examples of involvement by central nervous system tumors leading to a malignant effusion. The serous cavity lining is rich in lymphatics with lymphatic lacunae opening directly through narrow gaps (stoma) in the lining. Carcinomas mainly metastasize to serosa via the lymphatic vessels, which may be blocked leading to effusion. Primary carcinomas of organs such as lung, intestines, liver, ovary, etc., lined by serosal membranes may spread by direct extension, resulting in malignant effusions. As standard of practice, unless specified, cytopathologic examination of serous effusions implies detection of malignant cells.

As compared to a surgical biopsy from a small focal area of an extensive serosal surface, effusion fluid from respective cavity exfoliates the cells from the entire serosal surface with minimal chance of sampling artifact. Because of this, effusion fluid cytology generally provides a higher diagnostic yield as compared to biopsy of the serous lining, as demonstrated by some studies. However, various challenges related to effusion fluid cytology makes the interpretation of effusion fluid cytology a field with potential misinterpretations, especially for those without proper experience or training.

Developing and following a methodical approach is important for appropriate cytologic examination of effusion fluids. Proper approach may achieve definitive interpretation even without ancillary tests. However, lack of appropriate approach and processing may introduce a significant variation in interpretation due to combination of well-recognized diagnostic pitfalls, which may lead to lower reproducibility and even serious misinterpretations.

Current review discusses in brief appropriate approach to processing and evaluating effusion fluid cytology for metastatic carcinoma. At general level, this is comparable to that of other specimens; however, it is critical to modify with reference to the limitations associated with effusion cytology.
Collection and processing of effusion fluids for cytopathologic evaluation
Authors: Shidham Vinod B.
Published: January 2022

Accumulation of fluid in serous cavities as effusions may have to be drained for therapeutic and diagnostic indications. As compared to many other procedures, the technicality of paracentesis procedures is relatively easy. As a result, effusion fluids comprise a significant proportion of specimens in most of the laboratories, including those in community settings.

Because of relative complexities in the cytopathologic evaluation of effusion fluids, application of appropriately standardized protocol is critical for achieving optimum results by applying standardized steps from handling of specimens during the initial stages of collection to the final interpretation phase. Understanding various limitations and challenges during collection and processing phases by all the personnel involved, including clinicians, pathologists, and technologists is critical for optimum diagnostic yield.

This review highlights various cytopreparatory techniques applicable to effusion cytology in one place. It is organized by projecting the details predominantly in the form of different tables and figures including summary of the recommended protocols with reagents and stains used. Also included is a sample of cytopathology report based on the approach discussed in this series.
Wound Dehiscence After Achilles Tendon Trauma and Repair: Treatment With Ultraportable Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Compression Therapy
Authors: Davini Giulia , Dini Valentina , Janowska Agata , Macchia Michela , Gualtieri Bruno , Granieri Giammarco , Romanelli Marco
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury requiring surgical repair. Re-ruptures, infections, delayed wound healing, and hematomas have been reported postoperatively. Objective. This case series described the use of ultraportable negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and compression bandaging following postoperative dehiscence of Achilles tendon repair. Materials and Methods. Retrospective records were reviewed to identify patients who underwent wound management for Achilles tendon dehiscence between January 2014 and January 2018. Patient demographics, wound size at first and last visit, number of visits, and previous treatment data were extracted. Wound management included wound irrigation, surgical debridement, and application of silver dressings, as needed. Therapy was transitioned to ultraportable NPWT with twice-weekly dressing changes. When possible, patients with an ankle-brachial index greater than 0.8 received multilayer, multicomponent compression. Treatment response was evaluated using a wound imaging system at 2-week to 4-week intervals for a total of 24 weeks. Results. Nine male patients with a mean age of 69.7 years presented for care. One patient sustained injury during sports activities, and the other 8 patients sustained injuries resulting from household accidents. Six patients achieved complete wound closure. Three patients achieved a mean 90% wound closure. No adverse effects were observed during treatment with NPWT and compression therapy. Conclusions. In the current study, ultraportable NPWT and compression bandaging were found to be effective in the management of wounds with critical local vascularity. Larger, randomized controlled studies are necessary to fully assess the potential clinical benefit of NPWT and compression therapy in the management of postoperative wounds of the Achilles tendon.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Reading and Arithmetic Initiative for Teachers of the First Three Grades in Mafraq Governorate from their Point of View: تقييم فاعلية مبادرة القراءة والحساب من وجهة نظر معلمي الصفوف الثلاث الأولى بمحافظة المفرق
Authors: Ibtisam Mohammad Suleiman Al Saoud Ibtisam Mohammad Suleiman Al Saoud
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to identify the degree of evaluation of the effectiveness of the reading and arithmetic initiative among teachers of the first three grades in Mafraq Governorate from their point of view. The study sample consisted of (110) male and female teachers from public schools in Mafraq Governorate. The study used the descriptive survey method, and the results showed a medium evaluation degree. The effectiveness of the reading and arithmetic initiative among teachers of the first three grades in Mafraq Governorate from their point of view with mean (3.42), the domain of the content of the class came in the first place with a mean of (3.68), a standard deviation (0.69) and a high degree, while the activities and strategies domain came in the second place with mean of (3.36), a standard deviation (0.71) and a medium degree. The evaluation domain came with an mean (3.23) and a medium degree. It also showed that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of teaching experience in all areas and the tool as a whole. In light of this, the study presented a set of recommendations, most notably conducting intensive training courses for teachers. The first three grades focus on the skills of the reading and arithmetic initiative, and provide a professional and school climate that enhances those skills.
Moral civil responsibility of Physicians from Administrative point of view: A case study on a number of Saudi hospitals: المسؤولية المدنية الأخلاقية للطبيب من وجهة النظر الإدارية: حالة دراسية على عدد من المستشفيات السعودية
Authors: Moteb Ayesh Albugami, Hasan Salih Al-Qudah Moteb Ayesh Albugami, Hasan Salih Al-Qudah
Published: January 2022

The need for medical responsibility and to extent its relationship that can occur from physicians, as their awareness of size to error and medical responsibility that falls on them in light and existence of an effective law and legislative system in Saudi Arabia, is special to assessing the value committed to medical responsibility and the misdemeanors that are decided and evaluated, In the events of error occurring intentionally or unintentionally, the issue of medical responsibility still raises a lot of controversy due to the difficulty of linking medical sciences with administrative and legal sciences, because the field of medical work is still shrouded in a lot of confusion and ambiguity due to the complexity and accuracy of the branches of medical science. This present study seeks to shed light on the health sector, as it is supervising in issuing regulations, instructions and laws that contribute to organization and development of multiple regulations aimed at protecting the interests of country and citizen. The study concentrates in the first degree to patients who have been exposed to a medical error, with study sample of 100 individuals, and retrieved 95 questioners. The study methodology on two approaches: Descriptive method and the Field method. The study results are: 1- Increasing the number of medical teams 2- Reducing physicians assignment of additional burdens more than their actually perform as additional work they perform 3- Providing training opportunities for hospital workers to keep pace with continuous scientific development and catch up with technology to increase their ability to optimize the use of modern devices. 4- Focusing on external training courses that allow employees to exchange experiences with others. The study recommended the importance of developing team spirit within the work environment among to employees working in the hospital, to create a comfortable atmosphere, which affects the service provided to patients. And taking into account fairness and integrity in the division of work among doctors
The reality of remote exams during the Corona pandemic crisis from the point of view of students of King Khalid University - An evaluation study: واقع الاختبارات عن بعد خلال أزمة جائحة كورونا من وجهة نظر طالبات جامعة الملك خالد - دراسة تقويمية
Authors: Areej Ibrahim Alansary Areej Ibrahim Alansary
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to identify the reality of remote exams during the Corona pandemic crisis from the point of view of the students of King Khalid University. The study followed the descriptive analytical method. the sample was chosen randomly. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed electronically after ensuring its validity and reliability. The study sample consisted of (456) female students from King Khalid University, The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between female students for the advantages of remote exams due to specialization and in favor of female students of scientific specialization, and the absence of significant differences between female students due to obstacles and challenges of remote exams due to specialization, and the absence of significant statistically significant differences between The female students for the proposals for developing remote exams are attributed to the specialization, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the opinions of female students in favor of the postgraduate students, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the opinions of female students in favor of the variable years of experience in the axes (excellence - obstacles - and future proposals) for the remote exams, and they also answered The results of the study questions for determining the advantages, challenges and obstacles of remote exams and the most important proposals for its development. The study recommended working on using the results of the study to enhance the application of remote exams in the future. Because of its positive advantages in supporting the measurement of student achievement, developing plans and programs to benefit from them, and establishing a mechanism for immediate technical support while performing remote exams in the e- learning deanships in Saudi universities.
Future anxiety during the switch to distance learning during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its relationship to some variables among secondary school students in Madinah: قلق المستقبل في ضوء التحول إلى التعليم عن بُعد أثناء جائحة كورونا (COVID-19) لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية بالمدينة المنورة وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات
Authors: Enas Murdhi Naji Al-Harbi Enas Murdhi Naji Al-Harbi
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to identify the degree of future anxiety in light of the shift to distance education during COVID-19 among secondary school students in Al Madinah Al Munawwarah and to identify the differences in the degree of future anxiety due to some demographic variables (gender - major- income level). The study sample included (403) female and male secondary school students in Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, in the second and third secondary grades, who were chosen by the simple random sampling. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the Analytical descriptive approach. The researcher used the Future Anxiety Scale prepared by (Shuqair, 2005). The study concluded that there was simple future anxiety in light of the shift to distance education during COVID-19 among second and third secondary school students in Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, and there were no statistically significant differences at (0.05) level in the degree of future anxiety in light of the shift to distance education during COVID-19 due to demographic variables (gender, major, income level) variable among the second and third secondary school students in Al Madinah Al Munawwarah. In light of the above-mentioned results, the researcher recommends that Ministry of Education at Saudi Arabia has to continue implementing the distant education, as the results of the current study showed that it does not, significantly, affect future anxiety levels among high school students.
Legal Status of Recruited Children in Armed Conflict: الوضع القانوني للأطفال المجندين في النزاعات المسلحة
Authors: Naser Ben aros Emiteg, Badruddin Hj Ibrahim Naser Ben aros Emiteg, Badruddin Hj Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

This study aimed at sheds light on the legal status of child soldiers involved in armed conflicts before they reach the age of conscription. Actually, there is no armed conflict passing without the participation of underage children in it. Moreover, there is a problem represented in the lack of clarity of the legal status of child soldiers participating in armed conflicts, upon capturing them or arresting them. Therefore, the question is 'What is the protection granted to them according to this legal status?'. This study tries to know and determine the identity of children with their legal status in the event of their conscription. If this happens, it regards a violation of international law. Furthermore, the study endeavored to clarify the protection granted to children in case of their captivity, because their humanitarian status differs from adult fighters. In addition, this study discussed how they are treated, as well as to clarify their criminal responsibility for the crimes they committed during the period of their recruitment. Accordingly, the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach to study the rules of international law and the texts of international charters and treaties that prohibit the recruitment and analysis of children in armed conflicts. In addition to the inductive approach was used to highlight the rules of link between the legal status of a child soldier and his criminal responsibility for his actions during the period of his recruitment. The study concluded with a set of findings, the most important of which are: the legal status of child soldiers is based on the availability of two basic conditions. Therefore, they enjoy of legal protection, whether the protection is general for prisoners of war, or special protection for civilian children. In addition, the legal status of child soldiers who have not reached the age of recruitment do not take in account for their criminal responsibility for their acts committed during the period of their conscription. Nevertheless, from other hand, there is no way to punish them, given their dual status as victims and perpetrators of a crime alike, according to the rules of international humanitarian law. However, the matter is different with regard to the internal judiciary of states.
The Intermediate School Mathematics Teachers' Role in creating Professional Standards- based Learning Environments of The Education and Training Evaluation Commission from the Specialists' Perspectives: دور معلمي رياضيات المرحلة المتوسطة في تهيئة بيئات تعلم تفاعلية قائمة على المعايير المهنية لهيئة تقويم التعليم والتدريب من وجهة نظر المختصين
Authors: Ahmed Suleiman Yahya Al- Maliki Ahmed Suleiman Yahya Al- Maliki
Published: January 2022

This research aims to identify the role of middle school mathematics teachers in creating interactive learning environments based on the professional standards of the Learning and Training Evaluation Authority from the specialists' point of view. To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive method with its survey design. The research sample included (120) individuals, (5) teaching Staff Members of curricula and mathematics, and (19) educational supervisors in the mathematics department in Makkah Directorate of education. The role of the middle school mathematics teacher in creating interactive learning environments based on the professional standards of the Education and Training Evaluation Authority from the point of view of specialists came with a degree of (approval). The arrangement of the axes was descending as follows: (the use of modern technology in teaching mathematics, strategies for teaching mathematics, the time teaching mathematics effectively, the use of mathematical communication) for all axes (4,24,4,47,4,47,4,50). There is statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the averages of the specialists' responses according to the job title (teacher, educational supervisor, faculty member) due to the effective use of modern technology for mathematics and teaching mathematics effectively, and it reached (5,275,5,93). There is statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the averages of the specialists' responses according to the job title (teacher, educational supervisor, faculty member) due to the use of mathematics teaching strategies and using the mathematical communications, and it reached (6,749,7,434). There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the averages of the specialists' responses according to the academic qualification (BA, MA, and PhD). There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between averages of responses attributed to years of experience, at the role of mathematics teacher in using modern technology and strategies for teaching mathematics, the time of effectively teaching mathematics, mathematical communication reached (13,863,17,806,14,356,9,548). The researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including strengthening professional practices related to creating interactive learning environments and providing educational supervisors with the proposed vision that came out of this study in promoting an interactive educational environment.