bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEITO DO PROCESSO DE SECAGEM DE FOLHAS DE OLIVEIRA SOBRE SEUS COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS
Authors: Prati Patricia , Maria Roel Gutierrez Erika , Ivani Bertoncini Edna , Maria Henrique Celina
Published: May 2021

Pela presença de antioxidantes do tipo compostos fenólicos, as folhas de oliveira apresentam propriedades farmacológicas potenciais no tratamento e prevenção de certas doenças como alguns tipos de câncer e doenças do coração. Esse material vegetal tem sido consumido há anos por povos mediterrânicos na forma de chá em busca desses benefícios à saúde. O estudo objetivou estabelecer o processo de secagem das folhas que melhor mantivesse os compostos bioativos expressos em termos de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. Em um esquema fatorial 3x3 (9 tratamentos) foram testadas três temperaturas (40, 50 e 60 ºC) e três diferentes tempos (24, 48 e 72 h) de processo de secagem de folhas do cultivar Arbequina. Em cada tratamento, foram quantificados os compostos fenólicos totais, pelo método espectrofotométrico de Folin-Ciocalteau, expressos em mg de ácido gálico equivalente por 100 g de amostra (mg EAG/100 g), e também a atividade antioxidante pelo método do radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), sendo os resultados expressos em mM TE ou mmol/L TE. Observou-se que em processos mais intensos de secagem (50 ou 60 ºC, 48 ou 72 h) houve diminuição dos teores de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. A melhor combinação desses fatores, que resultou em melhor manutenção dos compostos biativos, foi a aplicação de 40 ºC por 48 h.
PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DE ÓLEO DE SEMENTE DE ROMÃ (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) POR PRENSAGEM A FRIO
Authors: MENEZES SANTOS JIDEANE , PEDREIRA NOGUEIRA JULIETE , NARAIN NARENDRA , BELTRÃO LESSA CONSTANT PATRÍCIA
Published: May 2021

A romã (Punica granatum L.), pertencente à família Punicaceae, é uma fruta bastante apreciada devido ao seu valioso potencial medicinal e teor de compostos fitoquímicos. É originária da Ásia Central, mas está distribuída em todo território global. O óleo obtido da semente da romã é fonte do ácido púnico, um isômero do ácido linolênico e que possui ação benéfica à saúde humana. Diferentes métodos têm sido empregados para extração de óleos entre eles tem-se a prensagem a frio que emprega a pressão para obtenção e não utiliza solventes químicos. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por Cromatografia Gasosa/Espectometria de Massas (CG/EM), o perfil de ácidos graxos, em especial o ácido púnico, oriundos de óleos, obtidos por prensagem a frio, de sementes de romã (Punica granatum L.) cultivadas na região Nordeste do Brasil. Foram detectados 8 ácidos graxos em dois lotes do óleo de semente de romã prensados a frio dos quais dois são ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (ácido linoléico e ácido púnico) e um ácido monoinsaturado (ácido oléico). O principal componente, o ácido púnico, apresentou uma faixa de 85,1 a 86,98%, o ácido linoléico 4,07 a 4,28% e o oléico 3,33 a 4,30% do total de ácidos graxos. O teor de ácido púnico, em comparação com outros estudos, foi promissor visto que foi empregada uma extração ecologicamente sustentável, que minimiza os impactos ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o óleo de semente de romã prensado a frio foi uma ótima fonte do ácido púnico.
Potencial nutricional e funcional do maracujá-do-mato (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.)
Authors: Leal Luana , Macêdo Viana Eduardo Bruno , Souza Ribeiro Jéssica , Camelo Eloi de Souza Cassiara , Zanuto Márcia Elena
Published: May 2021

O maracujá-do-mato (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) é uma espécie comumente encontrada nos biomas Caatinga, Mata Atlântica e Cerrado. Seu fruto possui casca verde quando maduro e polpa marcada pelo sabor ácido diferenciado. De grande resistência à seca, este fruto pode adquirir grande importância social e ambiental, gerando emprego e renda para a população do campo. Objetivou-se a caracterizar quimicamente a polpa in natura do maracujá-do-mato. Os frutos maduros foram adquiridos no município de Vitória da Conquista-BA, sanitizados e despolpados para realização de análises físico-químicas e químicas, determinação do teor de compostos bioativos e da atividade antioxidante da polpa in natura. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacam-se o pH muito ácido (2,73), o teor de carboidratos totais (10,42 g.100 g-1), o baixo valor calórico (43,85 kcal.100 g-1), o teor de fenólicos totais (22,14 mg EAG.100 g-1), vitamina C (23,30 mg.100 g-1) e a elevada capacidade antioxidante (56,56%). Portanto, a polpa in natura do maracujá-do-mato apresentou elevado potencial antioxidante, podendo auxiliar na proteção contra danos oxidativos, além de ser fonte de vitamina C. Além disso, as características encontradas agregam valor a esse fruto da sociobiodiversidade que ainda é subutilizado, subsidiando conhecimentos para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, como sucos, polpas, sorvetes, doces e geleias.
Libre-Échange
Authors: Vaillancourt Claude
Published: May 2021

En fraçaise.
Soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), a new potential biomarker of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy and cardiac contractility modulation in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Shlevkov N. B. , Gasparyan A. Zh. , Zhambeev A. A. , Salami H. F. , Guseva E. V. , Tarasovskiy G. S. , Sharf T. V. , Stukalova O. V. , Gupalo E. M. , Mironova N. A. , Skvortsov A. A. , Golitsyn S. P.
Published: May 2021

Background: According to numerous studies, from 30% to 50% of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are resistant to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and cardiac contractility modulation (CCM), despite their careful selection in accordance with current guidelines. It is of interest to study neurohormones characterizing myocardial (NT-proBNP) and fibrosis (sST2) as potential additional markers of CHF patients' “response” to CRT and CCM.

Aim: To evaluate the potential to use NT-proBNP and sST2 biomarkers in CHF patients combined with transthoracic echocardiography (Echo) and contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters of the heart to predict a positive response to CRT and CCM devices.

Materials and methods: The study included 51 patients (41 men, 10 women) aged 58 ± 12 years (26 to 79 years) with ischemic heart disease post acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 29), left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 35%, and CHF II–III NYHA functional class despite ≥ 3 months of optimized medical therapy. The patients were assessed by serum biomarkers NT-proBNP and sST2 measurements, transthoracic Echo, and contrast- enhanced cardiac MRI. After the diagnostic assessment, CRT defibrillators (CRT-D) were implanted to 39 patients and CCM to 12 patients. After prospective follow-up of the patients for 18 to 24 months, predictors of the response to each device type were analyzed in univariate, multivariate, and ROC analysis.

Results: The response to CRT-D was found in 21 (54%) patients, to CCM in 7 (58%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed the following predictors of the response of patients to CRT-D were: 1) sST2 < 50 ng/mL, 2) NT-proBNP < 3900 pg/mL, 3) < 3 LV segments with fibrosis (by MRI) and 4) anteroposterior dimension of the left atrium < 4.8 cm (by Echo). Any 2 of these 4 characteristics made it possible to predict the response to CRT with an accuracy of 87% (sensitivity 90%, specificity 83%). The predictors of the response to CCM were: 1) sST2 < 30 ng/ml, 2) LV end diastolic diameter < 78 mm (Echo), 3) age < 56 years, 4) body mass index < 27 kg/m2. Any 2 of these 4 characteristics predicted the positive response to CCM with an accuracy of 92% (sensitivity 86%, specificity 100%).

Conclusion: The preoperative sST2 level was the only universal marker of the response to either CRT (< 50 ng/mL) or CCM (< 30 ng/mL) devices in CHF patients with reduced LVEF. The results indicate the potential for improved efficacy of these devices with their earlier implantation after the onset of the heart disease, as well as provided that maximal control CHF in these patients has been achieved.
Antrosoles arqueológicos del bajo río Uruguay: una aproximación geoarqueológica a los procesos de formación del sitio Isla del Vizcaíno 1 (departamento Río Negro - Uruguay)
Authors: Bortolotto Noelia , Del Puerto Laura , Gascue Andrés , Loponte Daniel , Acosta Alejandro  , Azcune Germán , Inda Hugo , Fleitas Marcelo , Rivas Mercedes
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de suelos antropogénicos arqueológicos del sitio Isla del Vizcaíno 1 (Delta del Río Negro, Uruguay), ubicado sobre un albardón fluvial y fechado en circa 1500 años AP. A través de un diseño mensurativo comparativo (dentro y fuera del sitio) se buscó caracterizar las modificaciones generadas por las poblaciones humanas prehispánicas que allí habitaron sobre su entorno físico y biológico, en términos de su rol como factor pedogenético, y al mismo tiempo aportar datos que permitan discutir con una base sólida los procesos de formación de sitios en elevaciones de la región litoral.Los resultados alcanzados mediante análisis granulométricos, composicionales y geoquímicos muestran claras diferencias entre los suelos antropogénicos arqueológicos y los suelos naturales adyacentes, evidenciadas principalmente en la presencia de material cultural y mayores contenidos de materia orgánica y fósforo en los primeros. A partir de los datos generados se identificó la presencia de dos horizontes de un antrosol metagenético (HAM), es decir, de un suelo compuesto por material alterado (y no transportado) por el hombre, caracterizado como antroarenosol cuarzo feldespático. Esta alteración del suelo, vinculada a actividades domésticas y rituales en este sitio, evidencia el rol del hombre prehispánico como agente pedogenético y como actor activo en la modelación del paisaje.
Canine Parvoviral Enteritis and Its Determinants-An Epidemiological Analysis
Authors: Geetha M. , Selvaraju G.
Published: May 2021

Background: Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPVE) is a highly contagious disease of dogs of less than two years age group characterized by vomiting, haemorrhagic foul smelling diarrhoea, high grade pyrexia, dehydration and followed by death. The disease is caused by Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) and its variants, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c. Environmental and host determinants are playing an important role in the occurrence of CPVE in dogs. Limited numbers of research studies have been were conducted on the role of the determinants associated with the disease occurrence. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess the influence of host and environmental determinants associated with the incidence of CPVE in dogs. Methods: Retrospective data on the incidence of CPVE in Namakkal region, Tamil Nadu was collected (2017-2019) from Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC and RI), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu and had been subjected to temporal and spatial clustering and regression analysis. One hundred and twenty three faecal samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of CPVE and subjected to PCR using H primer of CPV. Cross-sectional study was used to investigate the relationship between the disease and hypothesized causal factors. Relative risk, odds ratio were used to determine the causal association. Weather data was collected for the period from 2017-2019 from Animal Feed Analytical and Quality Control Laboratory (AFAQAL), VC and RI, Namakkal to assess the relationship of disease occurrence with the environmental determinants. Multiple linear regression model was developed for prediction of CPVE by correlation of environmental determinants with the occurrence of CPVE. Result: Temporal analysis revealed endemic pattern of CPVE started last week of April, peaks in June and ends in August and second peak was noticed at November month. Higher incidences ( greater than 70%) were noticed in males and less than 6 months age group dogs. Polymerase chain reaction for confirmation of CPV infection in dogs revealed the positivity of 70.73%. Analysis of risk factors associated with CPVE revealed that vaccination, roaming of dogs, maternal vaccination and early weaning having positive statistical association with the incidence of CPVE. Multiple linear regression model revealed that relative humidity is positively associated with the occurrence of CPVE in dogs. Vaccination of dogs against CPV and administration of boosters at regular intervals, weaning of dogs after 45 days of age are used as primary strategies for prevention of CPVE.
Pandemia e efeito-território: a desigualdade social como catalisadora da Covid-19 / Pandemic and neighborhood effects: social inequality as a catalyst for Covid-19
Authors: Bega Maria Tarcisa Silva , De Sousa Marcelo Nogueira
Published: May 2021

Analisa-se o processo de disseminação da pandemia do novo coronavírus no Brasil, em Manaus, Fortaleza e São Paulo demonstrando sua ocorrência em áreas de alta vulnerabilidade social. Parte-se da discussão sobre a pobreza, analisam-se os dados quantitativos, presentes nos Boletins Epidemiológicos da pandemia e sua dimensão no Brasil. O eixo analítico é a potência explicativa da discussão do efeito-território para a compreensão de uma faceta da desigualdade social. Discute-se a velocidade da disseminação do vírus, os alertas dos especialistas e cientistas e os equívocos e descasos do governo brasileiro. O resultante são 100.000 mortos até oito de agosto de 2020. É neste quadro de precarização geral da vida que ficam evidentes escolhas políticas e localização geográfica da pandemia.Palavras-chave: coronavírus, efeito território, pobreza.***The dissemination process of the pandemic of the new coronavirus in Brazil, in Manaus, Fortaleza and São Paulo is analyzed, demonstrating its occurrence in areas of high social vulnerability. It starts from the discussion on social inequality, analyzing the quantitative data, present in the Epidemiological Bulletins of the pandemic and its dimension in Brazil. The analytical axis is the explanatory power of the discussion of the territory-effect to understand a facet of social inequality. The speed of the spread of the virus, the alerts of experts and scientists and the misunderstandings and mismatches of the Brazilian government are discussed. The result is 100,000 deaths by August 8, 2020. It is in this context of general precariousness of life that political choices and the geographic location of the pandemic become evident.Keywords: coronavirus, territory effect, poverty.
Book Review: Organization Theory for Equity and Diversity: Leading Integrated, Socially Just Education
Authors: Costelnock Cara
Published: May 2021

Throughout the text, Capper explores critically oriented epistemologies such as Critical Race Theory; LatCrit, Asian, TribalCrit, and Black Crit; Disability Studies theories; feminist theories; Queer Theory, and theories of intersectionality. In each chapter she presents teaching suggestions and discussion questions to use within the classroom as well as discussion questions aimed to help aspiring leaders critically analyze their leadership strengths and limitations in order to integrate these epistemologies into practice. This review examines the suggestions for creating a learning environment that honors the diversities and strengths students bring to the classroom.
Educação escolar indígena em contextos urbanos: da educação inclusiva à educação inter/multicultural
Authors: Troquez Marta Coelho Castro , Guarizzo da Silva Marcela
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa políticas e práticas que orientam a educação escolar de crianças indígenas em escolas não indígenas. Os procedimentos metodológicos são de análise documental e de pesquisas qualitativas do tipo estudo de caso. Para tal, discute a legislação educacional brasileira para o atendimento da diferença e as práticas pedagógicas em curso. Os resultados mostram que muito ainda está por ser feito na direção da realização de uma educação inter/multicultural que atenda aos reclames da “educação para todos”. São necessárias políticas públicas mais efetivas para que se criem as condições que garantam o cumprimento das leis e a execução de práticas pedagógicas inter/multiculturais.
A A framework for designing pedagogical materials in Indigenous languages: examples from Brazil and Mexico
Authors: Amaral Luiz
Published: May 2021

Many language revitalization programs in Latin America rely heavily on instructional settings that require some sort of pedagogical materials. One of the primary challenges for such programs is to produce these materials and incorporate them into consistent practices. This paper presents a framework that can be used to assess the needs and justify the design choices for books, dictionaries, grammars and multimedia products to be incorporated into indigenous language revitalization programs. The examples used to illustrate the deployment of such framework come from two projects, one in Brazil and one in Mexico, to prepare pedagogical grammars in multiple indigenous languages.
Memória e (re)existência: a trajetória intercultural da Ação Saberes Indígenas na Escola
Authors: Kaingang Bruno Ferreira , Mendes de Menezes Magali , Bergamaschi Maria Aparecida
Published: May 2021

A Ação Saberes Indígenas na Escola produz movimentos importantes na direção da escola indígena sonhada. O presente texto narra a intensidade, as contradições, alegrias e dores da relação entre agentes da universidade e das comunidades Kaingang e Guarani que participam deste programa. A reflexão, de autoria de um professor formador Kaingang e de duas professoras não indígenas coordenadoras institucionais da Ação na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, permeou também as vivências aqui relatadas e suas contribuições para compreender os sentidos da interculturalidade nos diálogos, no trabalho nas escolas indígenas, nas comunidades e na universidade. O debate sobre a afirmação/recuperação das línguas, a elaboração dos materiais didáticos, as reflexões sobre a escola indígena e a organização das lutas por meio do espaço desta Ação reverberam em aprendizagens aqui narradas, como memória e (re)existência da caminhada intercultural.
ANALISIS PENCAPAIAN TARGET PRODUKSI CRUSHER PADA CRUSHING PLANT PT BANUA TAPIN MANDIRI KABUPATEN TAPIN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Muhammad Rahman , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Riswan Riswan
Published: May 2021

PT Banua Tapin Mandiri merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa penambangan dan pengolahan batubara dan penjualan. Usaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas batubara memerlukan kegiatan pengolahan batubara (coal processing plant) serta penjualan batubara. Pertimbangan pengembangan usaha datang dari pemikiran bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya batubara yang cukup besar.Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis pencapai target produksi crusher dengan melihat hasil kapasitas produksi teori dan nyata crusher dan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian target produksi dan kapasitas produksi aktua crusher.Hasil analisis kapasitas produksi aktual PT Banua Tapin Mandiri pada bulan November – Desember rata-rata sebesar 40.327 ton/bulan atau 1.845,05 ton/hari atau 267,99 ton/jam. Dengan merekomendasikan tiga sistem pengumpanan maka produktivitas unit crusher meningkat dari  183,5 ton/jam menjadi 527,31 ton/jam, Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tidak tercapainya kapasitas produksi aktual tahun 2016 yaitu supply material batubara dalam setiap bulannya bervariasi antara 47.000-70.000 Kata-kata kunci : produksi teoritis crusher, produksi aktual, crushing plant
EVALUASI KONDISI JALAN TAMBANG BERDASARKAN GEOMETRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIFITAS ALAT ANGKUT PADA PT MADHANI TALATAH NUSANTARA
Authors: Rochim Nur , Triantoro Agus , Hakim Romla Noor
Published: May 2021

Pada kegiatan operasi penambangan dan pemindahan overburden memerlukan jalan tambang sebagai sebagai penghubung lokasi-lokasi penting di wilayah tambang, sebaiknya pada saat desain dan konstruksi, geometri jalan tambang diperhatikan dan dibuat sesuai kebutuhan alat angkut terbesar yang melintas. Fungsinya untuk mengurangi hambatan dan gangguan pada kegiatan operasi pengangkutan. Pada jalan tambang dijumpai beberapa geometri jalan tambang yang belum memenuhi standar, diantaranya jalan kurang lebar dan grade yang melebihi 8%, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi untuk meningkatkan keamanan, kenyamanan dan peningkatan kecepatan alat angkut.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menganalisis geometri jalan tambang dan faktor-faktor keselamatan jalan. Setelah dilakukan analisis, diambil kesimpulan bahwa perlu dilakukan pelebaran jalan dan pengurangan nilai grade dengan metode cut and fill.Penelitian dimulai dengan pengambilan data geometri jalan aktual kemudian membandingkan dengan standar geometri secara teoritis. Idealnya untuk alat angkut HD 785-7 lebar jalan kondisi lurus sebesar 13,77 meter, lebar jalan pada tikungan sebesar 16,72 meter, crosslope sebesar 3% serta grade 8%. Dapat diketahui kecepatan alat angkut aktual bermuatan sebesar 12,66 km/jam, kecepatan tersebut dibawah rencana yaitu 18-20 km/jam. Salah satu yang berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan adalah grade terlalu besar. Setelah dilakukan simulasi kecepatan alat angkut dapat dipercepat hingga 19,30 km/jam dengan cara melakukan pelebaran dan penimbunan pada segmen A, B dan C, serta dilakukan pemotongan pada segmen D dan E. dari pengurangan grade diperoleh peningkatan produktifitas alat angkut dari 141 bcm/jam menjadi 185 bcm/jam. Simualasi tersebut dapat dipakai sebagai acuan pencapaian target produktifitas alat angkut. Kata-kata kunci: geometri, jalan tambang, grade, cut and fill
“Arab Spring” and Fortunes of Post-Soviet States
Authors: Cheshkov M.
Published: May 2021

The present article is published as an addition to materials of the round-table "Events in North Africa and in the Middle East: international factors", placed in the current and previous issues. The author investigates the Arab revolutions at the beginning of the current decade from the standpoint of what they could contribute to understanding of the post-Soviet states' fortune. Russia found itself close to a civilizational collapse that fairly aligns its fortune with Arab world countries. From the author's point of view, it's possible to propel Russia to a higher development level, if civilizational shift happened, based on a human communities evolutional movement principle.
Yuan and Yen in Currency Architecture of Asia
Authors: Nozdrev S.
Published: May 2021

At present, the competitive advantages of Yen over Yuan still remain in the financial architecture of Asia, although the interdependence between the currency of Japan and other Asian currencies decreases. Regarding the scale of operations, Yen takes the third place on the world currency market after Dollar and Euro. In 2010, its share almost reached 19%, while only 0.9% is accounted for Yuan. At the same time, the enhancement of China's role on the global financial market, the remarkable share growth of China's foreign trade in Yuans, the activаtion of economic integration processes in Asia essentially increase the opportunities of the major currencies use diversification in the region.
Russia’s Neighbors: Mental and Social Problems
Authors: Rashkovskii E.
Published: May 2021

This publication presents a review of statements at the scientific conference with similar title, held in December 2011 in the All-Russian State Library for Foreign Literature n. a. M.I. Rudomino. The hearings were based on the principle of considering the bonds between Russia (primarily cultural and mental) and its neighbors along the perimeter of its national boundaries – from North-West to the Far East.
GRAFİK TASARIM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖZÜNDEN TASARIMCI OLMAK VE TASARIM SÜRECİ
Authors: ÖZMUTLU Aytaç
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı grafik tasarım bölümü öğrencilerinin “tasarımcı olmak” ve “tasarım süreci”ne yönelik bakış açılarını incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli içinde yer alan temel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi içinde yer alan ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubuna dâhil edilecek olan bireylerin belirlenmesinde grafik tasarım bölümünde öğrenim görmek ölçüt olarak belirlenmiştir. Grafik tasarım bölümünün 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenim görmekte olan 45 lisans öğrencisi araştırmanın çalışma gurubunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, grafik tasarım bölümü öğrencilerinin tasarımcı olmak ve tasarım süreci konularına ilişkin düşüncelerini belirlemeyi amaçlayan yansıtıcı düşünme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde tekrarlı okuma ve karşılaştırmaların yapıldığı bir süreç takip edilmiştir. Grafik tasarım bölümü öğrencilerinin nitelikli bir tasarım sürecinin içeriğine, tasarımcı ve diğer insan farkına, tasarım sürecinin zorluklarına, tasarım sürecinde motive eden şeylere, tasarım öğrencisinin yapması gerekenlere ve nitelikli bir tasarımcıda bulunması gereken özelliklere ilişkin bakış açıları araştırmanın bulgular bölümünde kategorik yapılar altında özetlenmiştir
Hospital Admissions From Care Homes in England During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Linked Administrative Data
Authors: Grimm Fiona , Hodgson Karen , Brine Richard , Deeny Sarah R
Published: May 2021

Background: Care home residents have complex healthcare needs but may have faced barriers to accessing hospital treatment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To examine trends in the number of hospital admissions for care home residents during the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a national linked dataset on hospital admissions for residential and nursing home residents in England (257,843 residents, 45% in nursing homes) between 20 January 2020 and 28 June 2020, compared to admissions during the corresponding period in 2019 (252,432 residents, 45% in nursing homes). Elective and emergency admission rates, normalised to the time spent in care homes across all residents, were derived across the first three months of the pandemic between 1 March and 31 May and primary admissions reasons for this period were compared across years. Results: Hospital admission rates rapidly declined during early March 2020 and remained substantially lower than in 2019 until the end of June. Between March and May, 2,960 admissions from residential homes (16.2%) and 3,295 admissions from nursing homes (23.7%) were for suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Rates of other emergency admissions decreased by 36% for residential and by 38% for nursing home residents (13,191 fewer admissions in total). Emergency admissions for acute coronary syndromes fell by 43% and 29% (105 fewer admission) and emergency admissions for stroke fell by 17% and 25% (128 fewer admissions) for residential and nursing home residents, respectively. Elective admission rates declined by 64% for residential and by 61% for nursing home residents (3,762 fewer admissions). Conclusions: This is the first study showing that care home residents’ hospital use declined during the first wave of COVID-19, potentially resulting in substantial unmet health need that will need to be addressed alongside ongoing pressures from COVID-19.
Natural Changes in a Soil of the Mediterranean Climate Under Low Agronomic Inputs
Authors: Napolitano Antonietta , Santonicola Luigi
Published: May 2021

: This study was conducted to evaluate the behavior of nitrate, moisture and organic matter in a soil with low agronomic input. The test was conducted on silty-sandy soil, a temporal variability of the variables in the different seasons was observed in the three theses. The theses were observed in parallel twice a week. Nitrates showed an increase during the summer-autumn season with higher values ​​in the thesis containing organic matter, “bare soil” followed by the thesis “fallow” and finally by the “cultivated” (see below in experimental set up). The humidity was higher in the “bare soil” thesis followed by “fallow” and “cultivated” one during the summer, in winter the “cultivated” showed the lowest humidity compared to the other two theses. The organic matter does not show great variability in the seasons but is higher in the “fallow” thesis followed by “bare soil” and “cultivated” one. The Montecarlo test informed us that organic matter and humidity were autocorrelated within 5-7.5 m of distance (10-15 lag) while nitrates even if they seemed to be not autocorrelated with each other and have a cyclical pattern.
Groundwater-Based Irrigation in the US – Challenges and Progress
Authors: Masasi Blessing
Published: May 2021

Even though groundwater-based irrigation has increased agricultural productivity and economic activity in the United States (US), the current rate of groundwater withdrawals from major aquifers could significantly affect the sustainability of agricultural production systems in the near future. In the major agricultural regions, producers are now facing challenges to irrigate to meet full crop water needs. There is an increasing need to strategize irrigation management under various climatic and environmental conditions to optimize water use in agriculture while optimizing crop yields. This study reviews some of the major challenges facing irrigated agriculture in the US and the potential measures to ensure the sustainability of groundwater-based irrigation. Identified challenges included diminishing quantity and quality of groundwater resources, frequent droughts, low adoption rates of precision irrigation technologies, and rising energy requirements for irrigation abstractions. Irrigation efficiency improvements, shifting to high water use efficiency crops, wastewater reuse, groundwater monitoring, availing incentives, and policy changes, were identified as promising water management strategies to ensure irrigation sustainability. The success of these strategies will depend on the uptake and adoption by the producers in the affected agricultural regions.
Evaluating the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Smart Management Systems for Cooling and Heating Systems in Building: Case study of Office Building in Tehran
Authors: Heravi Gholamreza , Rostami Milad , Shekari Maryam
Published: May 2021

Considering the increasing rate of energy consumption and its environmental detrimental effects, as well as considering the use of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels, energy management issues have become more important. Given the 40% share of the building industry's total energy consumption, as well as the 80% share of energy consumed during the operation period, attention to the areas of energy management and optimization during the operation period of the buildings can have a major impact on buildings’ energy performance. In this research, through identifying building energy management tools and studying previous studies and assessing the effects of building energy management systems, the economic and environmental impacts of using building energy management systems on the annual energy consumption in an office building in Tehran as a case study has been investigated. The results indicate a 32 percent reduction in energy consumption and a significant reduction in the release of the environmental pollutants in smart mode compared to the base mode. Moreover, considering the social costs associated with the emitted pollutants as well as the return period, it has been attempted to identify the factors contributing to the economic justification of using smart heating and cooling systems. According to the results, the use of smart energy management systems can be considered as an effective step in optimizing and managing energy consumption in the construction sector.
Can Sustainable Packaging Help to Reduce Food Waste? A Status Quo Focusing Plant-derived Polymers and Additives
Authors: Korte Imke , Kreyenschmidt Judith , Wensing Joana , Bröring Stefanie , Frase Jan Niklas , Pude Ralf , Konow Christopher , Havelt Thomas , Rumpf Jessica , Schmitz Michaela , Schulze Margit
Published: May 2021

Abstract: The promotion of sustainable packaging is part of the European Green Deal and plays a key role in the EU’s social and political strategy. One option is the use of renewable resources and biomass waste as raw materials for polymer production. Lignocellulose biomass from annual and perennial industrial crops and agricultural residues are a major source of polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin, and can also be used to obtain plant-based extracts and essential oils. Therefore, these biomasses are considered as potential substitute for fossil-based resources. Here, the status quo of bio-based polymers is discussed and evaluated in terms of properties related to packaging applications such as gas and water vapor permeability as well as mechanical properties. So far, their practical use is still restricted due to lower performance in fundamental packaging functions that directly influence food quality and safety, the length of shelf life and thus the amount of food waste. Besides bio-based polymers, this review focuses on plant extracts as active packaging agents. Incorporating extracts of herbs, flowers, trees, and their fruits is inevitable to achieve desired material properties that are capable to prolong the food shelf life. Finally, the adoption potential of packaging based on polymers from renewable resources is discussed from a bioeconomy perspective.
HEALTH STATUS ASSESSMENT IN MILITARY PERSONNEL SERVING UNDER THE CONTRACT IN THE BLACK SEA FLEET
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Dybin A.S. ,   Military unit 69008-2, Severodvinsk, Shapovalov P.Yu. ,   Military unit 95420, Severodvinsk, Khorvat S.A. ,   Medical Service of the South Military District, Rostov-na-Donu, Chernov I.G. ,   Military unit 34357, Gadzhievo, Menshikova L.I. ,   Northern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: May 2021

The geopolitical importance of the Black Sea region substantiates higher requirements for maintaining health of the military personnel under the contract. The purpose of the study: to assess health indicators of all categories of military personnel serving under the contract in the Black Sea Fleet for the period from 2013 to 2020. Material and methods: the authors have analyzed reports on military medical unit performance in the form 3-med for the period from 2013 to 2020. Based on the information received, the authors have calculated rates of incidence, prevalence, incidence with hospitalization, incidence with temporary disability, retirement, mortality and health index. Dynamics in health indicators have been assessed using the dynamic series method. Average values of the absolute increase and rate of growth/decrease of indicators for the period 2013-2020 have been calculated as well. Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals have been used for presenting quantitative data. Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS ver.25 application package have been used for data processing. Results: average incidence rate adds up to 195.91 ‰ (CI 95%: 108.86-282.96), average prevalence rate equals to 1002.00 ‰ (CI 95%: 543.34-1460.67), incidence rate with hospitalization - 224.67 ‰ (CI 95%: 156.98 - 292.37), and incidence rate with temporary disability - 4335.50 ‰ (CI 95%: 2957.71 - 5707.29), retirement rate - 7.45 ‰ (CI 95%: 4.75 - 10.15), mortality rate - 92.36 (CI 95%: 47.00 - 137.72), health index - 47.39 (95% CI: 40.53 - 54.24). The main contribution to the incidence structure of the studied military contingent is made by diseases of the X, XIII and XII classes. Statistically significant trends towards decreasing incidence of infectious diseases and disorders of eye and adnexa and increasing mortality has been identified. Conclusions: Participation of the Black Sea Fleet units in local military operations can be accompanied by a significant increase in disease incidence and incidence with disability. The obtained data can be used to plan medical support for the Black Sea Fleet operation, as well as for the ongoing and future planning of the medical and preventive activities of the Fleet medical service in the field of military health protection.
PILOT PROJECT ON IMPROVING AVAILABILITY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FOR PEOPLE OVER 65 YEARS IN RURAL AREAS. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Moskvicheva M.G. , Polinov M.M. ,   South Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: May 2021

Significance. Today, the issue of preserving health, especially in older ages, is considered both in the context of care delivery and development of enabling conditions for remaining socially active. In order to increase the period of active longevity and healthy life expectancy, the national project “Demography”, federal and regional projects "Development and implementation of the program of systemic support and improvement of quality of life of older citizens “Older Generation”, which are of an interdepartmental nature, include measures for rural dwellers aged over 65, to ensure transportation of this contingent to health care facilities for additional screenings by vehicles of the social service. For the first time ever, this organizational technology was implemented in the Chelyabinsk Region in 2019 as a pilot. The purpose of the study is to analyze results of the project on improving availability of primary health care to rural dwellers aged over 65. Material and methods Material: materials of the pilot project “Transportation of people aged over 65 to health care facilities”. Methods include mathematical-statistical, analytical, and organizational experiment. Results. During the implementation of the pilot project, 1,892 people were transported to health care facilities, 75.6% of them completed their clinical examination. 80.97% of people of older working age with detected diseases and pathological conditions were taken under medical follow-up, this indicator is 24.4% higher than the regional one. Conclusion. Results evaluation of the project implementation proves effectiveness of the developed measures aimed at improving availability of primary health care to rural dwellers aged over 65. Scope of application. The presented results of the analysis can be used by heads of health care facilities and regional public health authorities for developing measures aimed at improving availability of primary health care for rural dwellers in the region and effectiveness of preventive measures.
Minimally Invasive Stabilization with or without Ablation for Metastatic Periacetabular Tumors
Authors: English D. Ian , Lea William B. , King David M. , Tutton Sean M. , Neilson John C.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Metastatic bone disease in the periacetabular region represents a potentially devastating problem for patients. Surgical treatment can offer pain relief and restore function. We describe a series of patients treated with minimally invasive osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation.

Methods:

Thirty-eight patients with 16 different metastatic tumor subtypes were managed with osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation at a single institution. A retrospective review was performed to determine functional outcomes with use of the 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score as well as changes in narcotic usage.

Results:

MSTS scores improved for all patients following surgery. Narcotic usage decreased in >80% of patients. Approximately half of the operations were outpatient procedures. Complications were minimal, there were no delays in chemotherapy or radiation due to surgical wound concerns, and there were no surgery-related deaths. The mean duration of follow-up was 9 months, with a 39% survival rate at the time of writing. Six of the 12 patients who survived for >1 year required additional procedures at a mean of 12 months (range, 4 to 23 months).

Conclusions:

Treatment of periacetabular metastatic disease with minimally invasive stabilization with or without ablation provides pain relief and functional improvement with lower complication rates than previously reported open reconstruction techniques. The minimally invasive approach allows for rapid initiation of chemotherapy and radiation. Patients with particularly aggressive cancers that are poorly responsive to systemic therapies and radiation may have progression of disease and may require additional procedures. Conversion to total hip arthroplasty was uncomplicated, and the cement and screw constructs were retained, providing a stable base for the arthroplasty reconstruction.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Species-Specific Settling Behaviors of Benthic Foraminifera: Size, Density and Structure
Authors: Chen Yining , Shi Yukun , Huang Silong
Published: May 2021

Settling velocity is a key hydrodynamic parameter to understand the transport behavior of benthic foraminiferal tests. Both size and density are fundamental in predicting settling velocity, but their relative importance is unclear. We used specimens of four benthic foraminiferal species from a carbonate-sand sample collected from Xisha Qundao, South China Sea, to investigate this question. Measurements on foraminiferal test size, shape, and density were combined with settling velocity observations using a laboratory settling tube. In addition, a micro-Computed Tomography (CT) Scanner was used to extract the internal-structure patterns of the tests of four representative specimens. Our study revealed that both size and density are important in affecting settling velocity, but the relative importance is species-specific. Size is more important than density for Amphistegina lobifera and Heterostegina depressa; these two factors are equally important for Peneroplis pertusus, but the settling velocity of Sorites orbiculus is also considerably controlled by their unique structure, besides size and density. This species-specific pattern was further compared with test development to reveal the associated biological mechanisms. As a result, a novel parameter, DT (density*TND2), is proposed as a better variable for predicting the species-specific settling behaviors.
Rolling circle amplification with electrochemical detection assay for SARS-CoV-2 
Authors: Chaibun Thanyarat , Puenpa Jiratchaya , Ngamdee Tatchanun , Boonapatcharoen Nimaradee , Athamanolap Pornpat , O’Mullane Anthony Peter , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong , Lertanantawong Benchaporn
Published: May 2021

This protocol describes the rolling circle amplification (RCA) and electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2. The procedure consists of 3 parts, which are the amplification, hybridization and detection steps. In the presence of RNA template, the circular DNA template will be ligated to produce a Padlock DNA, which serves as a template for amplification by phi29 DNA polymerase to produce RCA amplicons. The RCA amplicon is a concatemer containing multiple repeats of sequences that are complementary to the circular template. The RCA amplicons are hybridized with redox active probes and detected by electrochemical biosensor using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Due to its isothermal nature, RCA can be performed using a simple water bath or heating block. Overall, the whole assay takes approximately 45 min. The assay enables rapid, quantitative results to be obtained for detection of SARS-CoV-2, either in the laboratory or more importantly, in a field setting.
CleaveSeq: Scalable characterization of ribozyme-based RNA biosensors
Authors: Townshend Brent
Published: May 2021

Biosensors are key components in engineered biological systems, providing a means of measuring and acting upon the large biochemical space in living cells. CleaveSeq, described here, allows high-throughput characterization aptamer-coupled ribozyme libraries.
Glycan chip based on structure switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans
Authors: Heo Hye Ryoung , Joo Kye Il , Seo Jeong Hyun , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: May 2021

On-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a novel glycan chip was developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations were optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrated the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
Hemagglutination Test (HAT) to detect antibodies against the RBD domain of the SARS2-Covid19 virus
Authors: Townsend Alain , Rijal Pramila , Tan Tiong Kit , Joly Etienne
Published: May 2021

Serological detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for establishing rates ofseroconversion in populations, and for seeking evidence for a level of antibody that may beprotective against COVID-19 disease. Several high-performance commercial tests have beendescribed, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparativelyexpensive, and therefore not available universally. Red cell agglutination tests do notrequire special equipment, are read by eye, have short development times, low cost and canbe applied at the Point of Care. We describe a quantitative Haemagglutination test (HAT) forthe detection of antibodies to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The HAT has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after aPCR diagnosed infection. We will supply aliquots of the test reagent sufficient for tenthousand test wells free of charge to qualified research groups anywhere in the world.
Multiplexed Mass Spectrometry of Individual Ions Improves Measurement of Proteoforms and Their Complexes
Authors: Kafader Jared O. , Melani Rafael D. , Durbin Kenneth R. , Ikwuagwu Bon , Early Bryan P. , Fellers Ryan T. , Beu Steven C. , Zabrouskov Vlad , Makarov Alexander A. , Maze Joshua T. , Shinholt Deven L. , Yip Ping F. , Tullman-Ercek Danielle , Senko Michael W. , Compton Philip D. , Kelleher Neil L.
Published: May 2021

Protocol for sample preparation, instrumental settings, and processing for the individual ion mass spectrometry method (I2MS) utilizing an Orbitrap analyzer.