bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Routine Contact Precautions for Endemic Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus: A Retrospective Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Martin Elise M. , Russell Dana , Rubin Zachary , Humphries Romney , Grogan Tristan R. , Elashoff David , Uslan Daniel Z.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of discontinuation of contact precautions (CP) for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) and expansion of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) use on the health system.

DESIGN

Retrospective, nonrandomized, observational, quasi-experimental study.

SETTING

Two California hospitals.

PARTICIPANTS

Inpatients.

METHODS

We compared hospital-wide laboratory-identified clinical culture rates (as a marker of healthcare-associated infections) 1 year before and after routine CP for endemic MRSA and VRE were discontinued and CHG bathing was expanded to all units. Culture data from patients and cost data on material utilization were collected. Nursing time spent donning personal protective equipment was assessed and quantified using time-driven activity-based costing.

RESULTS

Average positive culture rates before and after discontinuing CP were 0.40 and 0.32 cultures/100 admissions for MRSA (P=.09), and 0.48 and 0.40 cultures/100 admissions for VRE (P=.14). When combining isolation gown and CHG costs, the health system saved $643,776 in 1 year. Before the change, 28.5% intensive care unit and 19% medicine/surgery beds were on CP for MRSA/VRE. On the basis of average room entries and donning time, estimated nursing time spent donning personal protective equipment for MRSA/VRE before the change was 45,277 hours/year (estimated cost, $4.6 million).

CONCLUSION

Discontinuing routine CP for endemic MRSA and VRE did not result in increased rates of MRSA or VRE after 1 year. With cost savings on materials, decreased healthcare worker time, and no concomitant increase in possible infections, elimination of routine CP may add substantial value to inpatient care delivery.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1–8
Properties of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in boundary layers
Authors: Borrell Guillem , Jiménez Javier
Published: July 2016

The turbulent/non-turbulent interface is analysed in a direct numerical simulation of a boundary layer in the Reynolds number range$Re_{{\it\theta}}=2800{-}6600$, with emphasis on the behaviour of the relatively large-scale fractal intermittent region. This requires the introduction of a new definition of the distance between a point and a general surface, which is compared with the more usual vertical distance to the top of the layer. Interfaces are obtained by thresholding the enstrophy field and the magnitude of the rate-of-strain tensor, and it is concluded that, while the former are physically relevant features, the latter are not. By varying the threshold, a topological transition is identified as the interface moves from the free stream into the turbulent core. A vorticity scale is defined which collapses that transition for different Reynolds numbers, roughly equivalent to the root-mean-squared vorticity at the edge of the boundary layer. Conditionally averaged flow variables are analysed as functions of the new distance, both within and outside the interface. It is found that the interface contains a non-equilibrium layer whose thickness scales well with the Taylor microscale, enveloping a self-similar layer spanning a fixed fraction of the boundary-layer thickness. Interestingly, the straining structure of the flow is similar in both regions. Irrotational pockets within the turbulent core are also studied. They form a self-similar set whose size decreases with increasing depth, presumably due to breakup by the turbulence, but the rate of viscous diffusion is independent of the pocket size. The raw data used in the analysis are freely available from our web page (http://torroja.dmt.upm.es).
High-resolution velocity measurement in the inner part of turbulent boundary layers over super-hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Ling Hangjian , Srinivasan Siddarth , Golovin Kevin , McKinley Gareth H. , Tuteja Anish , Katz Joseph
Published: July 2016

Digital holographic microscopy is used for characterizing the profiles of mean velocity, viscous and Reynolds shear stresses, as well as turbulence level in the inner part of turbulent boundary layers over several super-hydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) with varying roughness/texture characteristics. The friction Reynolds numbers vary from 693 to 4496, and the normalized root mean square values of roughness $(k_{rms}^{+})$ vary from 0.43 to 3.28. The wall shear stress is estimated from the sum of the viscous and Reynolds shear stress at the top of roughness elements and the slip velocity is obtained from the mean profile at the same elevation. For flow over SHSs with $k_{rms}^{+}<1$, drag reduction and an upward shift of the mean velocity profile occur, along with a mild increase in turbulence in the inner part of the boundary layer. As the roughness increases above $k_{rms}^{+}\sim 1$, the flow over the SHSs transitions from drag reduction, where the viscous stress dominates, to drag increase where the Reynolds shear stress becomes the primary contributor. For the present maximum value of $k_{rms}^{+}=3.28$, the inner region exhibits the characteristics of a rough wall boundary layer, including elevated wall friction and turbulence as well as a downward shift in the mean velocity profile. Increasing the pressure in the test facility to a level that compresses the air layer on the SHSs and exposes the protruding roughness elements reduces the extent of drag reduction. Aligning the roughness elements in the streamwise direction increases the drag reduction. For SHSs where the roughness effect is not dominant ($k_{rms}^{+}<1$), the present measurements confirm previous theoretical predictions of the relationships between drag reduction and slip velocity, allowing for both spanwise and streamwise slip contributions.
Synchronized flutter of two slender flags
Authors: Mougel Jérôme , Doaré Olivier , Michelin Sébastien
Published: July 2016

The interactions and synchronization of two parallel and slender flags in a uniform axial flow are studied in the present paper by generalizing Lighthill’s elongated body theory (EBT) and Lighthill’s large-amplitude elongated body theory (LAEBT) to account for the hydrodynamic coupling between flags. The proposed method consists of two successive steps, namely the reconstruction of the flow created by a flapping flag within the LAEBT framework and the computation of the fluid force generated by this non-uniform flow on the second flag. In the limit of slender flags in close proximity, we show that the effect of the wakes has little influence on the long-time coupled dynamics and can be neglected in the modelling. This provides a simplified framework extending LAEBT to the coupled dynamics of two flags. Using this simplified model, both linear and large-amplitude results are reported to explore the selection of the flapping regime as well as the dynamical properties of two side-by-side slender flags. Hydrodynamic coupling of the two flags is observed to destabilize the flags for most parameters, and to induce a long-term synchronization of the flags, either in-phase or out-of-phase.
Additional Psychometric Data for the Mate Value Scale
Authors: Gillen Meghan M. , Collisson Brian , Murtagh Michael , Browne Blaine L. , McCutcheon Lynn E.
Published: July 2016

We administered a revised version of the Mate Value Scale that focuses on individuals’ perception of their romantic partner's mate value. Students (N = 330) from four universities completed surveys. The measure demonstrated good internal consistency reliability. Multiple regression analyses indicate that those who perceive their mates as possessing a higher value tended to compromise more when faced with conflict with their partners, had less anxiety in close relationships, and had more passionate love attitudes. We argue that this pattern of associations provides additional validity data in support of the Mate Value Scale.
Effect of Acidified Versus Frozen Storage on Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration and Isotopic Composition
Authors: Walker Brett D , Griffin Sheila , Druffel Ellen R M
Published: July 2016

The standard procedure for storing/preserving seawater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) samples after field collection is by freezing (–20°C) until future analysis can be made. However, shipping and receiving large numbers of these samples without thawing presents a significant logistical problem and large monetary expense. Access to freezers can also be limited in remote field locations. We therefore test an alternative method of preserving and storing samples for the measurement of DOC concentrations ([DOC]), stable carbon (δ13C), and radiocarbon (as ∆14C) isotopic values via UV photooxidation (UVox). We report a total analytical reproducibility of frozen DOC samples to be [DOC]±1.3 µM, ∆14C±9.4‰, and δ13C±0.1‰, comparable to previously reported results (Druffel et al. 2013). Open Ocean DOC frozen versus acidified duplicates were on average offset by ∆DOC±1.1 µM, ∆∆14C± –1.3‰, and ∆δ13C± –0.1‰. Coastal Ocean frozen vs. acidified sample replicates, collected as part of a long-term (380-day) storage experiment, had larger, albeit consistent offsets of ∆DOC±2.2 µM, ∆∆14C±1.5‰, and ∆δ13C± –0.2‰. A simple isotopic mass balance of changes in [DOC], ∆14C, and δ13C values reveals loss of semi-labile DOC (2.2±0.6 µM, ∆14C=–94±105‰, δ13C=–27±10‰; n=4) and semi-recalcitrant DOC (2.4±0.7 µM, ∆14C=–478±116‰, δ13C=–23.4±3.0‰; n=3) in Coastal and Open Ocean acidified samples, respectively.
The Genus Fulgensia A. Massal. & De Not., a Diverse Group in the Teloschistaceae.
Authors: Westberg Martin , Kärnefelt Ingvar
Published: July 2016

The morphology and the anatomy of the 13 species presently included in the genusFulgensiawere surveyed.Caloplaca aureaandC. paulii, two speciesregarded as closely related toFulgensiaby earlier authors, were also included in the study.Fulgensiawas found to exhibit a great variation in both morphology and anatomy. The differences in size, shape and septation of the spores, in the anatomy of cortex and exciple, and in the gross morphology, will presumably motivate a different taxonomic treatment in the future. A tentative separation of the species into four different groups is proposed here. Group A comprisesF. australisandF. chanousiae, which appear close to species inCaloplacasect.Gasparrinia. Groups B and C, each comprises one species,F. schistidiiandF. canariensisrespectively and group D comprises the remaining nine species, including the type speciesF. fulgens. The last group may be further split by a more detailed investigation. The present separation ofFulgensiainto two subgenera cannot be regarded as taxonomically sound. The genus is probably polyphyletic and the different groups are probably related to different groups within the large genusCaloplaca.
On the Chain Problem of Prime Ideals
Authors: Nagata Masayoshi
Published: July 2016

There is a problem called the chain problem of prime ideals, which asks, when 0 is a Noetherian local integral domain, whether the length of an arbitrary maximal chain of prime ideals in 0 is equal to rank 0 or not.
Über Den Bizyklischen Biquadratischen Zahlkörper
Authors: Kubota Tomio
Published: July 2016

Unter einem bizyklischen biquadratischen Zahlkörper verstehen wir einen absolut abelschen Zahlkörper vierten Grades, der von zwei verschiedenen quadratischen Zahlkörpern zusammengesetzt wird. Wir behandeln im folgenden die Einheiten- und Idealklassengruppe dieses Körpers, indem wir die Ergebnisse von [6] und [7] weiterführen.
On the Holonomy Groups of Linear Connections
Authors: Hano Jun-Ichi , Ozeki Hideki
Published: July 2016

In this note we show in § 1, as the main result, that any connected Lie subgroup of the general linear group GL(n, R) can be realized as the holonomy group of a linear connection, i.e. the homogeneous holonomy group of the associeted affine connection, defined on an affine space of dimension n (n ≧ 2).
Classification of algebraic non-ruled surfaces with sectional genus less than or equal to six
Authors: Livorni Elvira Laura
Published: July 2016

In this paper we have given a biholomorphic classification of smooth, connected, protective, non-ruled surfaces X with a smooth, connected, hyperplane section C relative to L, where L is a very ample line bundle on X, such that g = g(C) = g(L) is less than or equal to six. For a similar classification of rational surfaces with the same conditions see [Li].
Construction of siegel modular forms of degree three and commutation relations of Hecke operators
Authors: Tanigawa Yoshio
Published: July 2016

In connection with the Shimura correspondence, Shintani [6] and Niwa [4] constructed a modular form by the integral with the theta kernel arising from the Weil representation. They treated the group Sp(1) × O(2, 1). Using the special isomorphism of O(2, 1) onto SL(2), Shintani constructed a modular form of half-integral weight from that of integral weight. We can write symbolically his case as “O(2, 1)→ Sp(1)” Then Niwa’s case is “Sp(l)→ O(2, 1)”, that is from the halfintegral to the integral. Their methods are generalized by many authors. In particular, Niwa’s are fully extended by Rallis-Schiffmann to “Sp(l)→O(p, q)”.
On threefolds with low sectional genus
Authors: Beltrametti Mauro , Palleschi Marino
Published: July 2016

The general problem of rebuilding the threefolds X endowed with a given ample divisor H, possibly non-effective, is closely related to the study of the complete linear system |KX + H| adjoint to H. Many powerful results are known about |KX + H|, for instance when the linear system | H | contains a smooth surface or, more particularly, when H is very ample (e.g. see Sommese [S1] and [S2]). From this point of view we study some properties of |KX + H |, which turn out to be very useful in the description of the threefolds X polarized by an ample divisor H whose arithmetic virtual genus g(H) is sufficiently low.
Boundedness of singular integral operators of Calderón type, VI
Authors: Murai Takafumi
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we improve an inequality given in [3]. Let Lp (1 ≦ p ≦ ∞) and BMO denote the Lp space and the BMO space on the real line. Their norms are denoted by ‖ · ‖p and ‖ · ‖BMO, respectively.
On the analytic function which appears in Kronecker’s limit formula for CM-fields
Authors: Suzuki Toshiaki
Published: July 2016

Hecke stated in [1] Kronecker’s limit formula for CM-fields without proof, in which “Die zu log η(z) analog Funktion” appears, and he investigated in [3] the behaviors of this function under modular substitutions. S. Konno also discussed Kronecker’s limit formula for CM-fields in [4].
On the power series representation of smooth conformal martingales
Authors: Xuan-loc Nguyen
Published: July 2016

We introduce here the notion of (stochastically) differentiable process with respect to a fixed conformal martingale and compute the remainder term of the Taylor expansion of the given process (Definition 1 and Proposition 3). An a-priori estimate in the L2-norm of the above mentioned remainder term is given and consequently a power series representation of smooth conformal martingales is obtained (Theorem 4).
U–essential prime divisors and sequences over an ideal
Authors: Katz Daniel , Ratliff Louis J.
Published: July 2016

All rings in this paper are assumed to be commutative with identity, and they will generally also be Noetherian.

In several recent papers the asymptotic theory of ideals in Noetherian rings has been introduced and developed. In this new theory the roles played in the standard theory by associated primes,R-sequences, classical grade, and Cohen-Macaulay rings are played by, respectively, asymptotic prime divisors, asymptotic sequences, asymptotic grade, and locally quasi-unmixed Noetherian rings. And up to the present time it has been shown that quite a few results from the standard theory have a valid analogue in the asymptotic theory, and a number of interesting and useful new results concerning the asymptotic prime divisors of an ideal in a Noetherian ring have also been proved. In fact the analogy between the two theories is so good that a very useful (but not completely valid) working guide is: results from the standard theory should have a valid analogue in the asymptotic theory. And, although asymptotic sequences are coarser thanR-sequences (for example, they behave nicely when passing toR/zwithza minimal prime ideal inR), the converse of this working guide has also proved useful.
A Remark on Homogeneous Convex Domains
Authors: Shimizu Satoru
Published: July 2016

In this note, by a homogeneous convex domain in Rn we mean a convex domain Ω in Rn containing no complete straight lines on which the group G(Ω) of all affine transformations of Rn leaving Ω invariant acts transitively. Let Ω be a homogeneous convex domain. Then Ω admits a G(©)-invariant Riemannian metric which is called the canonical metric (see [11]). The domain Ω endowed with the canonical metric is a homogeneous Riemannian manifold and we denote by I(Ω) the group of all isometries of it. A homogeneous convex domain Ω is called reducible if there is a direct sum decomposition of thé ambient space Rn = Rn1 × Rn2, ni > 0, such that Ω = Ω1 × 02 with Ωi a homogeneous convex domain in Rni; and if there is no such decomposition, then Ω is called irreducible.
Asymptotic Distribution of Eigenvalues for Schrödinger Operators with Magnetic Fields
Authors: Tamura Hideo
Published: July 2016

The asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues has been studied by many authors for the Schrõdinger operators—Δ+Vwith scalar potential growing unboundedly at infinity. LetN(λ) be the number of eigenvalues less thanλof—Δ + VonL2Rnx).Under suitable assumptions onV(x), N(λ) obeys the following asymptotic formula:
Integral representation of smooth functions in weight classes and its applications
Authors: Kurokawa Takahide
Published: July 2016

Let Rn be the n-dimensional Euclidean space, and for each point x =(x1,…, xn) we write .
On some dimension formula for automorphic forms of weight one III
Authors: Hiramatsu Toyokazu , Akiyama Shigeki
Published: July 2016

Let Γ be a fuchsian group of the first kind and assume that Γ does not contain the element . Let S1(Γ) be the linear space of cusp forms of weight 1 on the group Γ and denote by d1 the dimension of the space S1(Γ). When the group Γ has a compact fundamental domain, we have obtained the following (Hiramatsu [3]):

(*) ,

where ς*(s) denotes the Selberg type zeta function defined by

.
Graded Lie algebras and generalized Jordan triple systems
Authors: Kaneyuki Soji , Asano Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

One frequently encounters (real) semisimple graded Lie algebras in various branches of differential geometry (e.g. [16], [9], [14], [18]). It is therefore desirable to study semisimple graded Lie algebras, including those which have been studied individually, in a unified way. One of our concerns is to classify (finite-dimensional) semisimple graded Lie algebras in a way that enables us to construct them.
On prime valued polynomials and class numbers of real quadratic fields
Authors: Mollin R.A. , Williams H.C.
Published: July 2016

Gauss conjectured that there are infinitely many real quadratic fields with class number one. Today this is still an open problem. Moreover, as Dorian Goldfeld, one of the recipients of the 1987 Cole prize in number theory (for his work on another problem going back to Gauss) recently stated in his acceptance of the award: “This problem appears quite intractible at the moment.” However there has recently been a search for conditions which are tantamount to class number one for real quadratic fields. This may be viewed as an effort to shift the focus of the problem in order to understand more clearly the inherent difficulties, and to reveal some other beautiful interrelationships.
General solutions depending algebraically on arbitrary constants
Authors: Nishioka Keiji
Published: July 2016

In his famous lectures [7] Painlevé investigates general solutions of algebraic differential equations which depend algebraically on some of arbitrary constants. Although his discussions are beyond our understanding, the rigorous and accurate interpretation to make his intuition true would be possible. Successful accomplishments have been done by some authors, for example, Kimura [1], Umemura [8, 9]. From differential algebraic viewpoint in [5] the author introduces the notion of rational dependence on arbitrary constants of general solutions of algebraic differential equations, and in [6] clarifies the relation between it and the notion of strong normality. Here we aim at generalizing to higher order case the result in [4] that in the first order case solutions of equations depend algebraically on those of equations free from moving singularities which are determined uniquely as the closest ones to the given. Part of our result can be seen in [7].
Symbolic powers of prime ideals with applications to hypersurface rings
Authors: Huckaba Sam
Published: July 2016

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring and suppose q is a prime ideal of R. A fundamental problem is to decide when powers qn of q are primary (that is qn is its own primary decomposition). If q is generated by a regular sequence then powers of q are always primary, because G(q, R) (the associated graded ring of R with respect to q) is an integral domain (see [12 page 98] and also [5 (2.1)]). Let qn) denote the nth symbolic power of q-defined by q(n) = {rεR|there exists sεR\q such that sr ε qn}. Then qn is primary if and only if qn = q(n) If q is generated by a regular sequence then we call it a complete intersection prime ideal, so if q is a complete intersection prime ideal then qn ≠ q(n) for all n ≥ 1. If q is not a complete intersection then powers need not be primary. If R is a three-dimensional regular local ring and q is a non-complete intersection height two prime ideal for example, then Huneke showed [11 Corollary (2.5)] that qn = q(n) for all n ≥ 2. Thus, for such a prime q it is impossible for qn to occur in the primary decomposition of any ideal. This phenomena increases the difficulty in finding a primary decomposition for an ideal having q as an associated prime.
Differential algebraic function fields depending rationally on arbitrary constants
Authors: Nishioka Keiji
Published: July 2016

The general solution of an algebraic differential equation depends on the initial conditions, though it is in general too difficult to make explicit the shape of the relationship. Painlevé studied in [8] algebraic differentia] equations of second order with the general solutions depending rationally on the initial conditions and the solvability of such equations. Giving the precise definition of the notion “rational dependence on the initial conditions”, Umemura [10] revived and generalized rigorously the discussion of Painlevé in the language of modern algebraic geometry. The theorem of Umemura is as follows; Let K be a differential field extension of complex number field C generated by a finite number of meromorphic functions on some domain in C. Let y be the general solution of a given algebraic differential equation over K. Suppose that y depends rationally on the initial conditions. Then it is contained in the terminal Km of a finite chain of differential field extensions: K = K0 ⊂ K1 ⊂… ⊂Km such that each Ki is strongly normal over Ki−1.
Helicoidal minimal surfaces in hyperbolic space
Authors: Ripoll Jaime B.
Published: July 2016

Denote byH3the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space with sectional curvatures equal to – 1, and letgbe a geodesic inH3Let{ψt}be the translation alongg(see § 2) and let{φt}be the one-parameter subgroup of isometries ofH3whose orbits are circles centered ong. Given anyα ∊ R, one can show thatλ = {λt}=ψt∘ φαt}is a one-parameter subgroup of isometries ofH3(see § 2) which is called a helicoidal group of isometries with angular pitchα. Any surface inH3which is λ-invariant is called a helicoidal surface.

In this work we prove some results concerning minimal helicoidal surfaces inH3. The first one reads:
Poincaré type conditions of the regularity for the parabolic operator of order α
Authors: Itô Masayuki , Nishio Masaharu
Published: July 2016

Let Rn+1 = Rn × R denote the (n + 1)-dimensional Euclidean space (n ≧ 1). For X ∊ Rn+1 we write X = (x, t) with x ∊ Rn and t ∊ R. In this case, Rn is called the x-space of Rn+1 = Rn × R.

For an α with 0 < α < 1, we write
Some remarks on representations of positive definite quadratic forms
Authors: Kitaoka Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2016

Let S, T be positive definite integral symmetric matrices of degree m, n respectively and let us consider the quadratic diophantine equation S[X] = T. We know already [1] that the following assertion (A)m>n is true for m ≥ 2n + 3.
Algebraic Riemann manifolds
Authors: Yamato Kazuo
Published: July 2016

In the present paper, we are concerned with the problem to know whether two algebraic Riemann manifolds are isometric or not, where we mean Riemann manifolds of class CΩ (real algebraic smoothness or Nash category) simply by algebraic Riemann manifolds.

For this purpose we introduce notions of minimal differential polynomials and singular base points, both of which are isometry invariants. With the aid of these invariants, we give the following isometry theorem for algebraic Riemann manifolds:
Remarks on quasi-polarized varieties
Authors: Fujita Takao
Published: July 2016

Let V be a variety, which means, an irreducible reduced projective scheme over an algebraically closed field of any characteristic. A line bundle L on V is said to be nef if LC ≧ 0 for any curve C in V. Thus, “nef” is never an abbreviation of “numerically equivalent to an effective divisor”. L is said to be big if k(L) = n = dim V. In case L is nef, it is big if and only if Ln > 0 (cf. [F7; (6.5)]. When L is nef and big, the pair (V, L) will be called a quasi-polarized variety.
Elastic waves in two solids as propagation of singularities phenomenon
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: July 2016

In this paper we shall study elastic waves in two isotropic media with different densities and Lamè’s constants. In seismology elastic waves are studied when the border of two media is a hyperplane, however there are no results on elastic waves in the non-flat border case. First in Section 1 we shall show an existence theorem of the solutions of an initial boundary value problem which is satisfied by the displacements of two media. Next we shall discuss about propagation of singularities of the solutions, for Hörmander and Lax-Nirenberg showed that an appearance of propagation of singularities is similar to one of propagation of waves.
A Measure on the Harmonic Boundary of a Riemann Surface
Authors: Nakai Mitsuru
Published: July 2016

In the usual theory of harmonic functions on a plane domain, the fact that the boundary of the domain is realized relative to the complex plane plays an essential role and supplies many powerful tools, for instance, the solution of Dirichlet problem. But in the theory of harmonic functions on a general domain, i.e. on a Riemann surface, the main difficulty arises from the lack of the “visual” boundary of the surface. Needless to say, in general we cannot expect to get the “relative” boundary with respect to some other larger surface. In view of this, we need some “abstract” compactifications. It seems likely that we cannot expect to get the “universal” boundary which is appropriate for any harmonic functions since there exist many surfaces which do not admit some classes of harmonic functions as the classification theory shows. Hence we need many compactifications corresponding to what class of harmonic functions we are going to investigate.
Determinants in Projective Modules
Authors: Goldman Oscar
Published: July 2016

The definition of the determinant of an endomorphism of a free module depends on the following fact: If F is a free R-module of rank n, then the homogeneous component ∧nF, of degree n, of the exterior algebra ∧ F of F is a free R-module of rank one. If a is an endomorphism of F, then a extends to an endomorphism of ∧ F which in ∧nF is therefore multiplication by an element of R. That factor is then defined to be the determinant of α. (A discussion of this theory may be found in [4].)

This procedure cannot be applied in general to finitely generated projective modules since, for such modules, it may happen that no homogeneous component of the exterior algebra is free of rank one.
Cluster Sets of Pseudomeromorphic Functions
Authors: Storvick D. A.
Published: July 2016

Let w = f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) be an interior transformation in the sense of Stoïlow in an arbitrary domain D, i.e. w = f(z) is continuous and single-valued in D, and unless constant takes open sets in D into open sets in the w-plane, and does not take any continuum (other than a single point) into a single point of the w-plane. Stoïlow proved that such an interior transformation can be represented as

where T(z) = ξ is a topological mapping of D onto a domain D′ and w = φ(ξ) is a meromorphic function in D′.
Fundamental Exact Sequences in (co)-Homology for Non-Normal Subgroups
Authors: Nakayama Tadasi
Published: July 2016

In this paper we prove the fundamental exact sequence in (co)homology for non-normal subgroups announced in our previous note [8]: Let H be a subgroup of a group G. If M is a G-module and if, for a natural number n, Hm(U, M) = 0 for m = 1, …, n - 1 and for every subgroup U of H which is an intersection of conjugates of H in G, then we have an exact sequence

the significance of the maps and the group Hn(H, M, M)1 will be explained below. (We have a dual result for cohomology groups).
Tensor Fields and Their Parallelism
Authors: Kurita Minoru
Published: July 2016

Much has been studied about an almost complex structure these ten years. One of the problems about the structure is to find an affine connection which makes a given almost complex tensor field parallel. A Riemannian connection is a one without torsion for which the fundamental tensor field of a Riemannian manifold is parallel. Affine connections on the group manifold were investigated fully by E. Cartan in [1]. In this paper we treat in general some tensor fields and affine connections which make the fields parallel. Moreover some studies about certain tensor fields are given.
The Existence of Non-Euclidean Cercles de Remplissage in Certain Subsets of the Unit Disc
Authors: Lange L. H.
Published: July 2016

The concept of a “set of ρ-discs” for complex-valued functions defined in the open unit disc U was introduced in [4; 5, p. 265] and various results concerning the existence of such sets associated with spirals and Stolz angles were derived. These sets are non-Euclidean analogues to the classical cercles de remplissage of Milloux [7; 8]. In the present paper additional theorems about Stolz angle phenomena and the existence of ρ-discs in more general subsets of U are established and new proofs are indicated for some results of Seidel [9, Theorem 2 and Corollary 1].
On the structure of 4-folds with a hyperplane section which is a P1 bundle over a surface that fibres over a curve
Authors: Fania Maria Lucia , Sato Eiichi , Sommese Andrew John
Published: July 2016

In this article we want to analyze the structure of a 4 dimensional projective variety X which has a smooth ample divisor A that is a P1 bundle π : A→S over a smooth surface S.

In [Fa+So], as a consequence of a more general result, the first and third authors determined the structure of X in the case the base S of the P1 bundle A has a cover with h2,0()≠0. Here we look at the remaining cases except for those surfaces which are the projectivization of a stable rank two vector bundle over a curve (the result is obviously true for S rational).
On pseudoelliptic systems of first order differential equations
Authors: Ueno Kazushige
Published: July 2016

In the study of elliptic differential operators of second order, we found that the automorphism pseudogroups are of finite type ([4]). However this fact takes a complete change in elliptic differential operators of first order.

So as to make the objects which can be dealt with clear, we introduce the concept of pseudoellipticity of first order differential operators (Definition 1.1), which is naturally satisfied by first order elliptic differential operators.
A Note on Lévy’s Brownian motion
Authors: Si Si
Published: July 2016

The Lévy Brownian motion with multidimensional parameter was introduced and discussed in his book [1] and it is known as the most important random field. Many approaches have been made to the investigation of the Lévy Brownian motion by H.P. McKean [7], Yu. A. Rozanov and others, by using various techniques.
A note on the transcendency of Painlevé’s first transcendent
Authors: Nishioka Keiji
Published: July 2016

Here we shall prove that Painlevé’s first transcendent, a solution of the equation y″ = 6y2 + x, can not be described as any combination of solutions of first order algebraic differential equations and those of linear differential equations. This result gives an answer to the question whether the function is truely new or not.
Multiplicity andt-isomultiple ideals
Authors: Rossi M.E. , Valla G.
Published: July 2016

LetVbe an irreducible non degenerate variety inPn;a classical geometric result says that degree (V) ≥ codimV+1and, if equality holds,Vis said to be of minimal degree. Varieties of minimal degree has been classified by Del Pezzo and Bertini and they all are intersections of quadrics. The local version of this result is due to J. Sally who proved that ifis a regular local ring andis a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of minimal multiplicity, according to the bounde(R) ≥ height (I) + 1 given by Abhyankar, then the tangent coneofRis intersection of quadrics and it is Cohen-Macaulay.
Letter to the editor: General Néron desingularization and approximation
Authors: Popescu Dorin
Published: July 2016

This letter concerns our papers [4], [5] and its aim is to give a simplification to the proof of the General Néron Desingularization (see [5] (2.4) or here below) together with a small reparation; as T. Ogoma pointed out in [3], our Lemma (9.5) from [4] does not hold in the condition iii2) (this is true because the “changing” from line 5 from down the page 123 [4] may not preserve iii2)). However our results were not affected in characteristic zero (they use just iii1) from [4] (9.5)). In [3] Ogoma gives a nice simplification of our proof.
Determinantal ideals without minimal free resolutions
Authors: Hashimoto Mitsuyasu
Published: July 2016

Let R be a Noetherian commutative ring with, unit element, and Xij be variables with 1 ≤ i ≤ m and 1 ≤ j ≤ n. Let S = R[xij] be the polynomial ring over R, and It be the ideal in S, generated by the t × t minors of the generic matrix (xij) ∈ Mm, n(S). For many years there has been considerable interest in finding a minimal free resolution of S/It, over arbitrary base ring R. If we have a minimal free resolution P. over R = Z, the ring of integers, then R′ ⊗z P. is a resolution of S/It over the base ring R′.
Minimal fine derivatives and Brownian excursions
Authors: Burdzy Krzysztof
Published: July 2016

The paper will present some basic properties of minimal fine derivatives which seems to be a new concept (or at least a new combination of well-known ones). Why is it worthwhile to study this new concept? Why hasn’t it been done earlier?
Rankin-Selberg method for Siegel cusp forms
Authors: Yamazaki Tadashi
Published: July 2016

Let Gn (resp. Γn) be the real symplectic (resp. Siegel modular) group of degree n. The Siegel cusp form is a holomorphic function on the Siegel upper half plane which satisfies functional equations relative to Γn and vanishes at the cusps.
On the geometry of affine Kähler immersions
Authors: Nomizu Katsumi , Pinkall Ulrich , Podestà Fabio
Published: July 2016

In this paper we extend the work on affine immersions [N-Pi]-1 to the case of affine immersions between complex manifolds and lay the foundation for the geometry of affine Kähler immersions. The notion of affine Kähler immersion extends that of a holomorphic and isometric immersion between Kähler manifolds and can be contrasted to the notion of holomorphic affine immersion which has been established in the work of Dillen, Vrancken and Verstraelen [D-V-V] and that of Abe [A].
On the topology of full non-degenerate complete intersection variety
Authors: Oka Mutsuo
Published: July 2016

Let h1(u),…, hk(u) be Laurent polynomials of m-variables and let

be a non-degenerate complete intersection variety. Such an intersection variety appears as an exceptional divisor of a resolution of non-degenerate complete intersection varieties with an isolated singularity at the origin (Ok4]).
Existence and non-existence of null-solutions for some non-Fuchsian partial differential operators with T-dependent coefficients
Authors: Mandai Takeshi
Published: July 2016

Since M.S. Baouendi and C. Goulaouic ([2], [3]) defined partial differential operators of Fuchs type and proved theorems of Cauchy-Kowalevskaya type and Holmgren type, many authors have investigated operators of Fuchs type in various categories, that is, real-analytic, C∞ and so on. (Cf. [1], [4], [6], [8], [9], [11], [12], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21] etc.)
Number of generators of ideals
Authors: Elias Juan , Robbiano Lorenzo , Valla Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

Let I be a homogeneous ideal of a polynomial ring over a field, v(I) the number of elements of any minimal basis of I, e = e(I) the multiplicity or degree of R/I, h = h(I) the height or codimension of I, i = indeg (I) the initial degree of J, i.e. the minimal degree of non zero elements of I.

This paper is mainly devoted to find bounds for v(I) when I ranges over large classes of ideals. For instance we get bounds when I ranges over the set of perfect ideals with preassigned codimension and multiplicity and when I ranges over the set of perfect ideals with preassigned codimension, multiplicity and initial degree. Moreover all the bounds are sharp since they are attained by suitable ideals. Now let us make some historical remarks.
A characterization of locally homogeneous Riemann manifolds of dimension 3
Authors: Yamato Kazuo
Published: July 2016

It is classical to characterize locally homogeneous Riemann manifolds by infinitesimal conditions. For example, [Si] asserts that the local-homogeneity is equivalent to the existence of linear isometries between tangent spaces which preserve the curvatures and their covariant derivatives up to certain orders. It is also known that the local homogeneity is equivalent to the existence of a certain tensor field of type (1, 2) (for this and a further study, see [TV]).
The fundamental unit and bounds for class numbers of real quadratic fields
Authors: Yokoi Hideo
Published: July 2016

Although class number one problem for imaginary quadratic fields was solved in 1966 by A. Baker [3] and by H. M. Stark [25] independently, the problem for real quadratic fields remains still unsettled. However, since papers by Ankeny–Chowla–Hasse [2] and H. Hasse [9], many papers concerning this problem or giving estimate for class numbers of real quadratic fields from below have appeared. There are three methods used there, namely the first is related with quadratic diophantine equations ([2], [9], [27, 28, 29, 31], [17]), and the second is related with continued fraction expantions ([8], [4], [16], [14], [18]).
Harmonic morphisms in nonlinear potential theory
Authors: Heinonen J. , Kilpeläinen T. , Martio O.
Published: July 2016

This article concerns the following problem: given a family of partial differential operators with similar structure and given a continuous mapping f from an open set Ω in Rn into Rn, then when does f pull back the solutions of one equation in the family to solutions of another equation in that family? This problem is typical in the theory of differential equations when one wants to use a coordinate change to study solutions in a different environment.
White noise delta functions and continuous version theorem
Authors: Obata Nobuaki
Published: July 2016

The recently developed Hida calculus of white noise [5] is an infinite dimensional analogue of Schwartz’ distribution theory besed on the Gelfand triple (E) ⊂ (L2) = L2 (E*, μ) ⊂ (E)*, where (E*, μ) is Gaussian space and (L2) is (a realization of) Fock space. It has been so far discussed aiming at an application to quantum physics, for instance [1], [3], and infinite dimensional harmonic analysis [7], [8], [13], [14], [15].
On the bergman kernel of hyperconvex domains
Authors: Ohsawa Takeo
Published: July 2016

Let D be a bounded pseudoconvex domain in Cn, and let KD (z, w) be the Bergman kernel function of D. The boundary behavior of KD (z, w), or that of KD (z, z), has attracted a lot of attention because it is closely related to the pseudoconformal geometry of D and ∂D.
Centroaffine immersions of codimension two and projective hypersurface theory
Authors: Nomizu Katsumi , Sasaki Takeshi
Published: July 2016

Affine differential geometry developed by Blaschke and his school [B] has been reorganized in the last several years as geometry of affine immersions. An immersion f of an n-dimensional manifold M with an affine connection ∇ into an (n + 1)-dimensional manifold Ḿwith an affine connection ∇ is called an affine immersion if there is a transversal vector field ξ such that ∇xf*(Y) = f*(∇xY) + h(X,Y)ξ holds for any vector fields X, Y on Mn. When f: Mn→ Rn+1 is a nondegenerate hypersurface, there is a uniquely determined transversal vector field ξ, called the affine normal field, an essential starting point in classical affine differential geometry. The new point of view allows us to relax the non-degeneracy condition and gives us more freedom in choosing ξ; what this new viewpoint can accomplish in relating affine differential geometry to Riemannian geometry and projective differential geometry can be seen from [NP1], [NP2], [NS] and others. For the definitions and basic formulas on affine immersions, centroaffine immersions, conormal (or dual) maps, projective flatness, etc., the reader is referred to [NP1]. These notions will be generalized to codimension 2 in this paper.
The minimum and the primitive representation of positive definite quadratic forms
Authors: Kitaoka Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2016

Let M, N be positive definite quadratic lattices over Z with rank(M) = m and rank(N) = n respectively. When there is an isometry from M to N, we say that M is represented by N (even in the local cases). In the following, we assume that the localization Mp is represented by Np for every prime p. Let us consider the following assertion Am,n(N):

Am,n(N): There exists a constant c(N) dependent only on N so that M is represented by N if min(M) > c(N), where min(M) denotes the least positive number represented by M.
Twistor spaces for real four-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds
Authors: Machida Yoshinori , Sato Hajime
Published: July 2016

It is R. Penrose who constructed the twistor theory which gives a correspondence between complex space-times and 3-dimensional complex manifolds called twistor spaces. He and his colleagues investigated conformally invariant equations (e.g. massless field equations, self-dual Yang-Mills equations) on the space-time by transforming them into objects in complex analytical geometry. See e.g. Penrose-Ward [P-W] or Ward-Wells [W-W]. After that, Atiyah-Hitchin-Singer ([A-H-S], cf. [Fr]) constructed the twistor spaces corresponding to real 4-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. Their construction as well as that of Penrose is mainly effective under the condition of the self-duality. In this paper we will construct twistor spaces more geometrically from real 4-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds under a suitable curvature condition.
The moments of the zeta-function on the line σ = 1
Authors: Ivić Aleksandar
Published: July 2016

The evaluation of the integral

(1.1)

represents one of the fundamental problems of the theory of the Riemann zeta-function (see [4] for a comprehensive account). In view of the functional equation

it is clear that one has to distinguish between the following three principal cases:

a)

σ = 1/2 (“the critical line”),

b)

1/2 < σ < 1 (“the critical strip”),

c)

σ = 1.
Double covers of Pn as very ample divisors
Authors: Lanteri Antonio , Palleschi Marino , Sommese Andrew J.
Published: July 2016

The classical subject of surfaces containing a hyperelliptic curve (here a double cover of P1) among their hyperplane sections was settled some years ago by the third author and Van de Ven [SV] (see also [Se], [Io]). This paper is devoted to answering the following general question arising very naturally from that problem.
A geometric proof of a reciprocity law
Authors: Hill Richard
Published: July 2016

In this paper we prove the reciprocity law for a Kummer extension of an algebraic number field K. The proof is similar to the proof of the same theorem by Kubota [14, 15]. Such methods were applied by Gauss [6, 7] to the cases K ═ Q, and by Habicht [8] to the case . We now discuss informally the structure of the proof. All definitions and statements made at this stage are only approximations to the truth, and shouldn’t be used as references for the later chapters.
Local times of self-intersection for multidimensional Brownian motion
Authors: He Sheng-Wu , Yang Wen-Qiang , Yao Rong-Qin , Wang Jia-Gang
Published: July 2016

We will define local times of self-intersection for multidimensional Brownian motion as generalized Wiener functionals under the framework of white noise analysis as in H. Watanabe ([6]). By making use of the chaotic representation of -function and precise computation we get a deep insight into the problem. In the section 1 multiple Wiener integrals with respect to multidimensional Brownian motion and chaotic representations for square-integrable Wiener functionals are given. They are indispensable, but seem not to be formulated clearly and correctly before. The useful concepts and results of white noise analysis are illustrated in the section 2. Section 3 is the main part of the paper. The applications to local times are introduced in the section 4 briefly.
The h-vector of a Gorenstein codimension three domain
Authors: Negri E. De , Valla G.
Published: July 2016

Let k be an infinite field and A a standard G-algebra. This means that there exists a positive integer n such that A = R/I where R is the polynomial ring R := k[Xv …, Xn] and I is an homogeneous ideal of R. Thus the additive group of A has a direct sum decomposition A = ⊕ At where AiAj ⊆ Ai+j. Hence, for every t ≥ 0, At is a finite-dimensional vector space over k. The Hilbert Function of A is defined by
Rank 2 symmetric hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras
Authors: Kang Seok-Jin , Melville Duncan J.
Published: July 2016

Affine Kac-Moody algebras represent a well-trodden and well-understood littoral beyond which stretches the vast, chaotic, and poorly-understood ocean of indefinite Kac-Moody algebras. The simplest indefinite Kac-Moody algebras are the rank 2 Kac-Moody algebras (a) (a ≥ 3) with symmetric Cartan matrix , which form part of the class known as hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras. In this paper, we probe deeply into the structure of those algebras (a), the e. coli of indefinite Kac-Moody algebras. Using Berman-Moody’s formula ([BM]), we derive a purely combinatorial closed form formula for the root multiplicities of the algebra (a), and illustrate some of the rich relationships that exist among root multiplicities, both within a single algebra and between different algebras in the class. We also give an explicit description of the root system of the algebra (a). As a by-product, we obtain a simple algorithm to find the integral points on certain hyperbolas.
The geometrical constructions lifting tensor fields of type (0,2) on manifolds to the bundles ofA-velocities
Authors: Mikulski W. M.
Published: July 2016

LetAbe a Weil algebra. The fibre bundleTAMofA-velocities over a manifoldMwas described by A. Morimoto [15] as another description of the bundle of nearA-points by Weil [17]. In [4] for any tensor fieldτof type (0,2) onMand any functionalλ ∈ A*we have defined the so calledλ-lift of τ toTAM. We recall this construction in Example 1.3. Theλ-lift of τ is a naturally induced tensor field of type (0,2) onTAM.