bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on meat quality of Qianhua Mutton Merino sheep and Small-tail Han sheep
Authors: Sun Limin , Jiang Huaizhi
Published: September 2022

In this study, we analyzed the meat quality of Qianhua Mutton Merino sheep (QHMM). QHMM and Small-tail Han sheep (STH) were selected as the test animals. After slaughtering, the longissimus dorsi muscles were tested to determine the nutrient composition, content of amino acid, fatty acid, and muscle fiber diameter. According to the nutrient test result, the protein content of QHMM was higher than that of STH. However, the fat content was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than STH. Additionally, total amino acid content, total essential amino acid content, total half-essential amino acid content, total non-essential amino acid content, and flavor amino acid content of QHMM were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of STH. Moreover, the contents of C22:1 n9, C18:2 n6, C18:3 n6, C22:6 n6, and C10:0 of the muscle in QHMM were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of STH. Furthermore, the essential amino acid score, the total unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio, and the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio of QHMM were greater than those of STH. Additionally, the muscle fiber diameter of QHMM was considerably lower (P < 0.01) than that of STH. In conclusion, the meat quality of QHMM was better than that of STH.
Existence results for ABC-fractional BVP via new fixed point results of F-Lipschitzian mappings
Authors: Mehmood Nayyar , Khan Israr Ali , Nawaz Muhammad Ayyaz , Ahmad Niaz
Published: September 2022

In this article, fixed point results for self-mappings in the setting of two metrics satisfying

F

F

-lipschitzian conditions of rational-type are proved, where

F

F

is considered as a semi-Wardowski function with constant

τ
∈
R

\tau \in {\mathbb{R}}

instead of

τ
>
0

\tau \gt 0

. Two metrics have been considered, one as an incomplete while the other is orbitally complete. The mapping is taken to be orbitally continuous from one metric to another. Some examples are provided to validate our results. For applications, we present existence results for the solutions of a new type of ABC-fractional boundary value problem.
Orbital stability and Zhukovskiǐ quasi-stability in impulsive dynamical systems
Authors: Li Kehua , Ding Changming
Published: September 2022

In this article, we deal with orbital stability and Zhukovskiǐ quasi-stability of periodic or recurrent orbits in an impulsive dynamical system defined in the n-dimensional Euclidean space

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

. We show that for a periodic orbit of an impulsive system, its asymptotically orbital stability is equivalent to the asymptotically Zhukovskiǐ quasi-stability, and for a recurrent orbit, the orbital stability is equivalent to the Zhukovskiǐ quasi-stability.
Categorizing and translating abbreviations and acronyms
Authors: Imre Attila
Published: September 2022

The popularity of various types of abbreviations makes it necessary to rediscuss their categorization and possible disambiguation. We rely on categorization types applied in cognitive linguistics, also confronting definitions and forms stemming from both linguistic and software-based approaches. A major distinction is observed between abbreviations resulting from one-word and multi-word sequences, leading to various subtypes with prototypical, less central, and hybrid cases. Although guidelines offer advice on their use, these rules should be re-evaluated in specific settings, such as subtitling and translation. While previous research on the topic focused on journal articles, we have collected a database of nearly 13,000 abbreviations and acronyms from five American TV series with the help of a specially designed algorithm. Our research also highlights the importance of punctuation, exemplifying some of the most frequent ones with alternative versions (with or without period) and discusses the Romanian and Hungarian translations of a well-known American agency. The concluding remarks mention that even if subtitle conventions are not severely regulated, a database of acronyms may significantly improve quality, especially in the case of TV series.
Experimental investigation on static compressive toughness of steel fiber rubber concrete
Authors: Gao Yongtao , Wang Bin , Liu Changjiang , Hui David , Xu Qiang , Zhao Qihua , Qin Yiwen , Dong Wei
Published: September 2022

Recycled rubber particles can be produced by using waste tires. Adding recycled rubber particles to concrete can form rubber concrete (RC). RC can not only reduce the amount of natural sand and reduce the cost of concrete but also improve the static compressive toughness of concrete. Adding steel fiber into RC can improve the strength of concrete. In order to study the compressive toughness of steel fiber rubber concrete (SFRC), rubber particles washed with NaOH are added to steel fiber reinforced concrete. This can enhance the bonding performance between the recycled rubber particles and concrete. The volume ratio of recycled rubber is 5, 10, and 15%. Prismatic and cubic test blocks were prepared and their compressive tests were carried out. The results show that the stress interaction between the rubber particles and steel fiber in concrete significantly improves the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and stress–strain relationship of concrete. The compressive toughness and ductility of concrete are improved. When the content of rubber particles is 15–20%, the compressive toughness of SFRC is improved most obviously. Through experiments, the toughness index and specific toughness of rubber steel fiber reinforced concrete are calculated, which explores a new way and method for studying the compressive toughness of similar recycled material concrete.
Brain atrophy pattern in patients with mild cognitive impairment: MRI study
Authors: Calandrelli Rosalinda , Panfili Marco , Onofrj Valeria , Tran Huong Elena , Piludu Francesca , Guglielmi Valeria , Colosimo Cesare , Pilato Fabio
Published: September 2022

We evaluated the accuracy of the quantitative and semiquantitative analysis in detecting regional atrophy patterns and differentiating mild cognitive impairment patients who remain stable (aMCI-S) from patients who develop Alzheimer’s disease (aMCI-AD) at clinical follow-up. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging was used for quantitative and semiquantitative analysis using visual rating scales. Visual rating scores were related to gray matter thicknesses or volume measures of some structures belonging to the same brain regions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess measures’ accuracy in differentiating aMCI-S from aMCI-AD. Comparing aMCI-S and aMCI-AD patients, significant differences were found for specific rating scales, for cortical thickness belonging to the middle temporal lobe (MTL), anterior temporal (AT), and fronto-insular (FI) regions, for gray matter volumes belonging to MTL and AT regions. ROC curve analysis showed that middle temporal atrophy, AT, and FI visual scales showed better diagnostic accuracy than quantitative measures also when thickness measures were combined with hippocampal volumes. Semiquantitative evaluation, performed by trained observers, is a fast and reliable tool in differentiating, at the early stage of disease, aMCI patients that remain stable from those patients that may progress to AD since visual rating scales may be informative both about early hippocampal volume loss and cortical thickness reduction.
Physical Demands of Elite Male and Female 3 × 3 International Basketball Matches
Authors: Ferioli Davide , Conte Daniele , Rucco Diego , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Vaquera Alejandro , Romagnoli Marco , Rampinini Ermanno
Published: September 2022

Ferioli, D, Conte, D, Rucco, D, Alcaraz, PE, Vaquera, A, Romagnoli, M, and Rampinini, E. Physical demands of elite male and female 3×3 international basketball matches. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): e289–e296, 2023—This study aimed to (1) characterize the physical demands of 3 × 3 basketball games during live playing time and ball possession and (2) assess the differences in physical demands between male and female players. Following an observational design, video footage from 27 games of the International Basketball Federation 3 × 3 World Cup 2019 were analyzed from 104 international 3 × 3 basketball players (n = 52 male and n = 52 female players) resulting in a total of 216 (104 male and 112 female) individual game samples. Manual frame-by-frame time-motion analyses determined the relative frequency (n·min−1) and duration (%) for several physical demands at different intensities, according to sex, during the live playing time and in ball possession phases. Linear mixed models for repeated measures and effect size (ES) analyses revealed small non-significant differences in the intermittent profile of 3 × 3 basketball games according to sex (total movements per minute, male = 39.3 (38.6–40.1); female = 40.2 (39.5–41.0), estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals). Female competitions had significantly greater number of low-intensity activities (LIA, small ES) and high-intensity activities (HIA, small ES) performed per minute over longer games (small ES), whereas male players had more recovery activities (small ES). During ball possession, male players spent a larger amount of time performing LIA (small ES) than female players, who displayed both the greatest number of HIA and the highest percentage of playing time performed at high intensity (small ES). Overall, these findings suggest that basketball coaches should design sex-specific training sessions based on the specific match demands.
Self-Reported Training and Supplementation Practices Between Performance-Enhancing Drug-User Bodybuilders Compared with Natural Bodybuilders
Authors: Li Jiuzhang , Davies Timothy B. , Hackett Daniel A.
Published: September 2022

Li, J, Davies, TB, and Hackett, DA. Self-reported training and supplementation practices between performance-enhancing drug-user bodybuilders compared with natural bodybuilders. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1079–1088, 2023—This study aimed to examine whether the training and supplementation practices differ between performance-enhancing drug (PED)-using bodybuilders (BB) and natural BB. One hundred eighty-seven competitive male bodybuilders with a median age of 27.0 years completed an online survey. Of this sample, 40 respondents reported using PED (PED-user) and 147 respondents reported to be natural. Compared with natural BB, PED-user BB reported greater off-season body weight (p < 0.001) and weight loss before a competition (p < 0.001). In the off-season, PED-user BB performed a greater number of exercises per muscle group (p < 0.001), number of repetition maximum (RM) per set (p < 0.01), and less recovery between the sets (p < 0.01). During the precompetition phase, the natural BB increased their number of RM; however, the PED-user BB still reported using a greater number of RM per set (p = 0.02), exercises per muscle group (p < 0.001), and less recovery time between the sets (p < 0.01). Both the PED-user BB and natural BB reported greater aerobic exercise frequency (p < 0.001) and session duration (p < 0.001), although PED-user BB performed a greater number of aerobic exercise sessions (p = 0.04) and at a higher intensity (p < 0.01). Advanced training techniques, including negatives, partial repetitions, preexhaustion sets, and timed repetitions, were more popular among PED-user BB (p < 0.05). Creatine monohydrate usage was more popular among natural BB (p < 0.001), whereas branched-chain and essential amino acids were more popular among PED-user BB (p ≤ 0.001). Findings suggest that PED-user BB perform more metabolically demanding resistance training sessions, more strenuous aerobic training during the precompetition phase, and may have different supplementation preferences compared with natural BB.
Effects of a Reathletization protocol after ACL ligamentoplasty on performance of Algerian professional soccer player: A case study
Authors: Abdelatif Houar , Abdelhadi Kacem , Nasredine Guemriche , Abdelkader Zaoui , Fouad Chiha , Mohamed Zerf
Published: September 2022

Purpose: this study checks the effects of the reathletization protocol following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in each of the anthropometric parameters, muscle strength and aerobic capacity.

Material & Methods: we present a 12-weeks case-study account for an Algerian professional soccer player participated in this study (age: 21 years, height: 1.71 m, weight: 62.5 kg, body mass index: 21.37 and %body fat: 9.17%).

Results: the authors have comparing the results recorded in measurements and tests before and after 12-weeks of reathletization protocol applied to the professional soccer player, which was intended. First: anthropometric parameters; weight increased by (+3.6 kg, +5.76%) and body mass index by (+1.23, +5.75%). % body fat had decreased by (-1.8 kg, – 19.62%). Their thigh perimeter at 10 and 15 cm from the patella had increased respectively ((injured side; at 10 cm (+4 cm, 9.75%) and at 15 cm (3cm, 6.83%)), ((healthy side; at 10 cm (+2.5 cm, 5.61%) and at 15 cm (2.5 cm, 5%)). Second: muscle strength tests increased in; Prone plank test (1.14 min, 52.77%). Countermovement jump (14.68 cm, 45.66%). Single-leg jump (healthy side; 0.57 cm, 39.04%), (healthy side; 0.1 cm, 4.76%) and Two legs jump increased by (0.43 cm, 22.63%). Third: aerobic capacity; intermittent fitness test increased in: IFT; (2.5 km/h, 14.28%) and maximal O2 consumption (5.65 mL/min/kg, 11.85%). Heart rate measurements decreased in maximum HR (10 bpm, 5.26%), and resting HR (10 bpm, 16.66%).

Conclusions: after 12-weeks of reathletization protocol, the statistics values indicated a greater significant improvement in the performances of the soccer player. A study with larger population should be undertaken.
Socio-Cultural Traits and Gender Elements: An Analysis through Indian Diaspora in Germany
Authors:   Center for Asia & Diaspora studies, Subrahmanian Maya
Published: September 2022

What makes a culture and what are the cultural traits identified by people are important questions to be developed more within diaspora studies. This article proposes a critical inquiry into the ways of defining socio-cultural traits through the discussions with Indian diaspora living in the context of Western culture. It suggests hypothesis that there is a possibility of hybrid cultures between the Eastern and Western. The ontological status of being ‘Indian’ would be different while living in India and abroad, and the cultural ontology in those subject positions would also vary to produce hybrid cultures. Theories of migration, culture and gender constitute a background and framework in this study. Reflections on cultural identity and cultural traits are obtained in this study through direct interviews with diaspora Indians living in Germany. In this process of analyses, the methodology of gender is adopted along with other methods of qualitative research to see how the socio-cultural perspectives change after migration to Western cultures, and how those are different among men and women. The preliminary argument derived in this article is that cultural traits can be traced in aspects of people’s daily life, but not only through dominant art forms, literature or historical monuments. It is done with a critical perspective on the existing dominant methods of defining culture. This study has a critic on existing methodologies that are Eurocentric, male-centric and neglecting the individual and mundane experiences of people who live in varied cultural contexts with complex cultural identities.
Antibacterial activity of lactobacilli from buffalo milk and yoghurt in Bandar-e Gaz, North-West Iran
Authors: Bagheri F. , Ahani Azari A. , Koohsari H.
Published: September 2022

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 to determine the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus strains isolated from buffalo milk and yogurt in Bandar-e Gaz, Golestan province, North-West Iran. The raw milk and yogurt samples were collected and cultivated on MRS medium by anaerobical incubation at 37 °C for 48 h. The suspected colonies were identified on the basis of Gram’s staining and conventional biochemical tests. The antibacterial activity of the cell-free supernatant extracted from Lactobacillus strains was determined using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains Escherichia coli ATCC 11303, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus cereus ATCC 19115, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, E. coli and S. aureus isolates from local cheese samples. A total of 10 Lactobacillus spp. were isolated and identified as L. plantarum, L. casei, L. acidophilus. L. plantarum A1 and L. acidophilus R1 exhibited relatively strong inhibitory effect against S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively. Both isolates had no inhibitory effect against L. monocytogenes. L. casei B1 showed moderate inhibitory effects against L. monocytogenes. This study showed that Lactobacilli from buffalo dairy products had good inhibitory activity towards Gram-positive indicator organisms and were one of the best choices to control these pathogens in food products.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BAWANG PUTIH DAN BAWANG HITAM PADA PAKAN TERHADAP KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN LELE
Authors: Pangaribuan Juliana , Yonarta Danang , Rarassari Madyasta Anggana
Published: September 2022

Bawang putih dan bawang hitam salah satu jenis tanaman herbal yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolestrol, penawar racun, anti bakteri, anti jamur, anti parasit, dan pengikat radikal bebas. bawang putih dan bawang hitam mengandung zat alisin yang memiliki fungsi sebagai antibakterial, penghilang rasa nyeri, serta memaju pergerakan alat pencernaan serta memperlancar pengeluaran enzim yang bermanfaat untuk mencernakan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aplikasi penambahan ekstrak bawang putih dan bawang hitam dapat meningkatkan produksi budidaya ikan lele. perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu P1 (tanpa penambahan ekstrak bawang putih dan bawang hitam), P2 (penambahan ekstrak bawang putih 10 ml/kg) dan P3 (penambahan ekstrak bawang hitam 10 ml/kg). ikan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini benih lele ukuran 6-8 cm dengan padat tebar 100 ekor/m2. selama pemeliharaan 30 hari, benih ikan lele diberikan pakan dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan sebanyak 2 kali sehari pagi dan sore hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pertumbuhan harian ikan didapati P1 3,2 %, P2 3,5% dan P3 3,3%. Penambahan ekstrak bawang putih pada pakan memberikan hasil terbaik dengan pertumbuhan panjang 5,08 cm dan berat 7,22 g, FCR 1,07 serta nilai sintasan100%. Kualitas air pada ketiga perlakuan selama pemeliharaan adalah suhu 26,4 – 29 OC dan pH sebesar 7 – 7,5.
ZONA AMAN PEMASANGAN ATRAKTOR CUMI-CUMI
Authors: Sudrajat Danu , Handri Muhammad , Alauddin Muhammad Hery Riyadi , Choerudin Hery , Nurlaela Eli , Sirait Jaulim
Published: September 2022

Pembuatan atraktor cumi-cumi harus memperhatikan arus yang bekerja baik secara vertikal maupun horizontal dengan kecepatan maksimal 5 knot sebagaimana arus yang sesuai dengan kondisi cumi-cumi bertelur. Selanjutnya hasil perhitungan tersebut akan disesuaikan dengan hasil perhitungan daya tahan statis yang telah dibuat, sehingga kinerja atraktor dapat maksimal. Kecepatan arus maksimal yang dapat ditahan agar atraktor cumi-cumi tersebut tetap berdiri/tidak terguling disebut zona aman penempatan atraktor cumi-cumi di perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan zona aman peletakan atraktor cumi-cumi di perairan terhadap masing-masing tipe atraktor cumi-cumi. Perhitungan daya tahan statis atraktor cumi-cumi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 2 (dua) buah tipe atraktor cumi-cumi. Tipe pertama disebut  Tipe 1 yaitu atraktor cumi-cumi pada bagian atas dan sisi kiri dan kanannya sedangkan tipe kedua disebut Tipe 2 hanya pada bagian atasnya saja yang diberikan penutup jaring waring PE 40%. Waktu pertama kali ditempatkan dalam perairan digambarkan dengan t0, sedangkan t1 adalah yang telah ditempatkan selama 2 (dua) bulan. Atraktor cumi-cumi Tipe 2 perhitungan F dan Cd akan mengikuti perhitungan sebagai terumbu yang mana dilakukan dengan mengikuti prosedur Nakamura. Selanjutnya untuk Tipe 1 perhitungan jaring F dan Cd mengacu pada Puspito yaitu untuk rumus tahanan jaring dengan Cd  jaring sebesar 1,4. Hasil perhitungan tersebut menyatakan zona aman peletakan atraktor cumi-cumi di perairan Tipe 1 untuk t0 pada 0,37 m/s dan t1 pada 0,27 m/s, sedangkan Tipe 2 untuk t0 pada 1,34 m/s dan t1 pada 1,26 m/s.
How climate change affected on water level in Ha Long coastal area in the period 1974–2020: results from the mann-kendall test and sen’s slope estimate
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hai , Vu Duy Vinh
Published: September 2022

The impact of climate change on sea level has attracted much attention from scientists worldwide. The analysis of sea-level change at global and regional scales is based on altimetry and/or tide gauge data. The main objective’s study relied on statistical tests to highlight the significant long-term changes in sea level in Ha Long coastal area through the 47 years (1974–2020) historical tide gauge record of the Bai Chay station. The average water level in this area was 207.9 cm, which tended to be higher in recent years, especially from 2006 to the present (above 210 cm). Moreover, sea level trends were carried out separately for the whole period (1974–2020) and the last 19 years (2002–2020) by the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. The results showed a significant sea-level rise (SLR) trend with a 95–100% confidence level. The average annual rates of sea-level were 3.14 mm/year and 5.83 mm/year in 1974–2020 and 2002–2020, respectively, indicating an SLR of about 14.76 cm over 47 years and significant acceleration in SLR recently (11.01 cm over the last 19 years).
Analysis of the Voices of Faculty Members Carrying out Inclusive Practices Using ICT
Authors: Sánchez-Díaz María Nieves , Perera Víctor Hugo , Moriña Anabel
Published: September 2022

This qualitative study explores the experiences of 119 faculty members who implement inclusive practices using ICTs in their classrooms. The results show the diverse materials and resources that they use to present content to students, the ways to facilitate the resources available to students, and the moment they make these materials and resources available to them. Conclusions present the conditions that determine the pedagogical use of technological resources by faculty to facilitate students’ inclusion.
“The Autumn Book” of the Poet (Alexander Tvardovskiy. “Selected Lyrical Poetry of These Years”)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Snigireva Tatyana A. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of RAS
Published: September 2022

The definition of A. Tvardovskiy’s final lyrical anthology “Selected lyrical poetry of these years” as a philosophical and testamentary book allowed to metaphorically call it “The Autumn Book”. Starting with the first parting theme — parting with youth — all the last book published in the poet’s lifetime is transpierced with the feeling of last parting — parting with life, and, simultaneously, there are comprehension and crude summary. Autumn is the book’s time of nature, with all its impalpable marks and signs. Autumn is the poet’s personal time — for his own bitter and ironic acknowledgement, “age of retirement”. The most prominent tension and anxiety haunt the poet not when he thinks about forthcoming death, but when he contemplates his fate, his way of living this life — the life of public servant. The counterinitiative unity of the beauty acceptance, harmony of the nature, the original value of human’s life and simultaneous self-judging impacted the poetical fabric of A. Tvardovskiy’s latest book. In “Selected lyrical poetry of these years” controversially coexist elegiacal and invective intonations; common and obscene lexis with vernaculars and even vulgarisms; proper and allegorical meaning. Harmony and tension are connected in the poet’s consciousness. National ethic, proven by centuries, living naturally and authoritatively in A. Tvardovskiy’s spiritual world, removes him from the field of Soviet ethical novates to the space of eternal and essential notions, which strengthen the poetical world of his latest lyrical anthology. These notions are labelled naturally and nationally: home — family, fate — destiny, conscience — pain — duty, world — human — nature.
Axioms that Destroy the Law
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Krasnov Mikhail A.
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case about the legality of the refusal of Russian authorities to register marriage relations for three same-sex couples. In the first part, the author criticizes this decision, as he believes that the European Court of Justice (ECHR) bases its arguments and conclusions on a new axiomatics. The development of law, including in the direction of humanization, is a natural and even necessary process. But, in the author’s opinion, this process has limits, and to revise them is dangerous, first of all, for the law itself, because for the freedom of individual choice, some social institutions, which are the pillars of society, are sacrificed. Among the new axioms on which the ECHR bases its decisions, the author singles out the following: the state is obliged to ensure basic rights and freedoms concerning private and family life, without going into the moral context; the state’s appeal to moral imperatives in the sphere of private and family life is discrimination; there are virtually no borders between the concepts of personal (private) life and family life; finally, the person has the right to any choice, because he is the owner (the complete and exclusive owner) of his body. The second part of the article attempts to justify the criticism of the ECHR decisions that protect the right to form legally significant same-sex unions. The author’s main point is that European law grew up on the basis of the Christian ethical system and the erosion of the moral imperatives inherent in this system serves the erosion and subsequent destruction of the law itself.
Prejudices that Destroy the Law
Authors:   Liberal Arts University — University for Humanities, Semitko Alexey P.
Published: September 2022

The review considers the article “Axioms that destroy the law,” dedicated to the decision of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the case of the legality of the refusal of the Russian authorities to register marriage between three same-sex couples. The author of the peer-reviewed article justifies his criticism of this decision with new axiomatics, that is, some postulates taken without proof, from which, in his opinion, the ECHR proceeds. The proposed review shows that such axiomatics in the Ruling of the Court are not observed either in an open — direct, textually expressed — form, or in a hidden, indirectly meaning extracted from the decision. On the contrary, the Court proves its original premises by inviting the Russian authorities to substantiate the harm that, in their opinion, might arise if a legal institute of same-sex unions were introduced in the country, and also calls for finding a fair balance between the public interests and the interests of the applicants. At the same time, the Court does not insist on the decision of the authorities unpopular in the country’s public opinion on the recognition of same-sex marriages in Russia. The review proposes finding common grounds for compromises between supporters and opponents of same-sex unions: as such, the author offers well-known legal axioms of equality, respect for human dignity. He also justifies that real harm to legal principles in the country is caused by existing public prejudices, and not by new axioms, which, moreover, have not been found in the decision of the ECHR yet.
The Kazan Avant-garde of 1910–1930s: Regional and National Specific Features
Authors:   Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulemnova Olga L.
Published: September 2022

The article highlights the regional version of the Russian avant-garde, which developed in such an important artistic center of Russia as Kazan, the capital of a vast region with a multi-confessional and multi-ethnic population. The article reveals the origins of the phenomenon and the main stages of its development, due to such historical events as the creation and reorganization of the Kazan Art School, the First World War and the Civil War, the revolution of 1917. The author positions the art of Kazan as part of the all-Russian artistic process. The new state cultural policy began to guide its development during the revolutionary years. Avant-garde artists elaborated and directed it towards the promotion and widespread propaganda of avant-garde art. The author reveals the development of the avant-garde through the activities of the art associations of Kazan — “Sunflower”, “Vsadnik (Rider)”, “TatLEF”, “SULF”, through the work of leading artists — K. Chebotarev, A. Platunova, I. Nikitin, S. Fedotov, I. Pleshchinsky, N. Shikalov, F. Tagirov, B. Urmanche and others. The author singles out the features of the Kazan avant-garde, determined by national and religious factors: the two main peoples of the region are Russians and Tatars, who profess Orthodoxy and Islam. This determined the predominance of Russian artists at the fi rst stage, their passion for various styles of the European avant-garde, which were carried out in different types of art. Their interest in the art of the peoples of their region became an important source for experiments. The formation of a galaxy of artists-Tatars was a characteristic feature of the Kazan avant-garde after the mid-1920s. The abolition of the religious restrictions of Islam which did not allow the development of the Tatar fi ne arts was adopted after the revolution and facilitated this process. An important role was played by the purposeful activity of B. Urmanche, who attracted the Tatar youth to art education. In this environment, mainly graphic art and theatrical and decorative arts were evolved, and the main stylistic direction of the Tatar avant-garde was Constructivism.
Science Art through the Prism of Boundary-work
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Bogomyakov Vladimir G.
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the relationship between scientific and artistic aspects in such a field of contemporary art as science art. Representatives of presentday art often postulate the harmony of rational-scientific and artistic-aesthetic fields in the art of science art. The criteria for such harmony and the criteria for equality of scientific and artistic elements are not very clear. Viewers often tend to see in the works of science art to a greater extent either a product of scientific activity, or, conversely, an artistic object. The ideas of the so-called “pure science”, which is absolutely impartial and strives only for the knowledge of the truth, are becoming a thing of the past. The main incentive for the development of science is the satisfaction of various social needs, which can be articulated to varying degrees. The approach called boundary-work makes it possible to understand that the boundaries between these aspects, on the one hand, are very mobile and flexible, on the other hand, they act as social structures built with certain goals. Thomas F. Gerin also used the term boundary-work to distinguish between scientific, unscientific, in a different sense scientific, and so on. Such a distinction is necessary when, for one reason or another, borders are rejected or, conversely, arbitrarily imposed and propagandized. Each time the boundaries of science are established anew, depending on the political and cultural context that defines the essentialist or constructivist understanding of scientific activity. Science art Science art clearly goes beyond both science and art, forming a kind of third field. The existence on the border creates openness not only for science and art, but also for other forms of consciousness. The analyzed field of art makes it possible to reveal the hidden connections between science and art and to assert that, apparently, we are now witnessing the emergence of a certain new type of activity that carries the features of both science and art. In addition, there is hope that science art will help deepen our understanding of both science and art, their essence and their role in human life and social reality, in human creativity and personal development.
Preferred Operators and Deferred Evaluation in Satisficing Planning
Authors: Richter Silvia , Helmert Malte
Published: September 2022

Heuristic forward search is the dominant approach to satisficing planning to date. Most successful planning systems, however, go beyond plain heuristic search by employing various search-enhancement techniques.  One example is the use of helpful actions or preferred operators, providing information which may complement heuristic values.  A second example is deferred heuristic evaluation, a search variant which can reduce the number of costly node evaluations. Despite the wide-spread use of these search-enhancement techniques however, we note that few results have been published examining their usefulness. In particular, while various ways of using, and possibly combining, these techniques are conceivable, no work to date has studied the performance of such variations.  In this paper, we address this gap by examining the use of preferred operators and deferred evaluation in a variety of settings within best-first search. In particular, our findings are consistent with and help explain the good performance of the winners of the satisficing tracks at IPC 2004 and 2008.
Efficient Solutions to Factored MDPs with Imprecise Transition Probabilities
Authors: Delgado Karina , Sanner Scott , De Barros Leliane , Cozman Fabio
Published: September 2022

When modeling real-world decision-theoretic planning problems in the Markov decision process (MDP) framework, it is often impossible to obtain a completely accurate estimate of transition probabilities. For example, natural uncertainty arises in the transition specification due to elicitation of MDP transition models from an expert or data, or non-stationary transition distributions arising from insufficient state knowledge. In the interest of obtaining the most robust policy under transition uncertainty, the Markov Decision Process with Imprecise Transition Probabilities (MDP-IPs) has been introduced to model such scenarios. Unfortunately, while solutions to the MDP-IP are well-known, they require nonlinear optimization and are extremely time-consuming in practice. To address this deficiency, we propose efficient dynamic programming methods to exploit the structure of factored MDPIPs. Noting that the key computational bottleneck in the solution of MDP-IPs is the need to repeatedly solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems, we show how to target approximation techniques to drastically reduce the computational overhead of the nonlinear solver while producing bounded, approximately optimal solutions. Our results show up to two orders of magnitude speedup in comparison to traditional “flat” dynamic programming approaches and up to an order of magnitude speedup over the extension of factored MDP approximate value iteration techniques to MDP-IPs.
A Human-Aware Robot Task Planner
Authors: Cirillo Marcello , Karlsson Lars , Saffiotti Alessandro
Published: September 2022

The growing presence of household robots in inhabited environments arises the need for new robot task planning techniques. These techniques should take into consideration not only the actions that the robot can perform or unexpected external events, but also the actions performed by a human sharing the same environment, in order to improve the cohabitation of the two agents, e.g., by avoiding undesired situations for the human. In this paper, we present a human-aware planner able to address this problem. This planner supports alternative hypotheses of the human plan, temporal duration for the actions of both the robot and the human, constraints on the interaction between robot and human, partial goal achievement and, most importantly, the possibility to use observations of human actions in the policy generated for the robot. The planner has been tested as a standalone component and in conjunction with our framework for human-robot interaction in a real environment.
Thinking Ahead in Real-Time Search
Authors: Nau Dana , Kuter Ugur , Sefer Emre
Published: September 2022

We consider real-time planning problems in which some states are unsolvable, i.e., have no path to a goal. Such problems are difficult for real-time planning algorithms such as RTA* in which all states must be solvable. We identify a property called k-safeness, in which the consequences of a bad choice become apparent within k moves after the choice is made. When k is not too large, this makes it possible to identify unsolvable states in real time. We provide a modified version of RTA* that is provably complete on all k-safe problems. We derive k-safeness conditions for real-time deterministic versions of the well-known Tireworld and Racetrack domains, and provide experimental results showing that our modified version of RTA* works quite well in these domains.
Just-In-Time Scheduling with Constraint Programming
Authors: Monette Jean-Noël , Deville Yves , Van Hentenryck Pascal
Published: September 2022

This paper considers Just-In-Time Job-Shop Scheduling, in which each activity has an earliness and a tardiness cost with respect to a due date. It proposes a constraint programming approach, which includes a novel filtering algorithm and dedicated heuristics. The filtering algorithm uses a machine relaxation to produce a lower bound that can be obtained by solving a Just-In-Time Pert problem. It also includes pruning rules which update the variable bounds and detect precedence constraints. The paper presents experimental results which demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach over a wide range of benchmarks.
Using Physics- and Sensor-based Simulation for High-Fidelity Temporal Projection of Realistic Robot Behavior
Authors: Mösenlechner Lorenz , Beetz Michael
Published: September 2022

Planning means deciding on the future course of action based on predictions of what will happen when an activity is carried out in one way or the other. As we apply action planning to autonomous, sensor-guided mobile robots with manipulators or even to humanoid robots we need very realistic and detailed predictions of the behavior generated by a plan in order to improve the robot's performance substantially.In this paper we investigate the high-fidelity temporal projection of realistic robot behavior based on physics- and sensor-based simulation systems. We equip a simulator and interpreter with means to log simulated plan executions into a database. A logic-based query and inference mechanism then retrieves and reconstructs the necessary information from the database and translates the information into a first-order representation of robot plans and the behavior they generate.  The query language enables the robot planning system to infer the intentions, the beliefs, and the world state at any projected time.  It also allows the planning system to recognize, diagnose, and analyze various plan failures typical for performing everyday manipulation tasks.
Continuous Orchestration of Web Services via Planning
Authors: Bertoli Piergiorgio , Kazhamiakin Raman , Paolucci Massimo , Pistore Marco , Raik Heorhi , Wagner Matthias
Published: September 2022

The service-oriented paradigm is rapidly emerging as the key approach to develop distributed business applications. Its enactment requires the ability to automatically coordinate existing services to realize novel and powerful desired functionalities, and planning-based solutions have proved to be strong candidates for this hard task. However, no current approach can satisfactorily coordinate stateful services that evolve continuously and indefinitely in an asynchronous way, such as e.g. notification services made increasingly available by business entities. This severely limits the practical applicability of current solutions. In this paper, we provide for the first time a full-fledged planning-based solution to the problem of continuously orchestrating stateful asynchronous services. To do so, we adopt a simple yet expressive requirement language, and we devise a novel planning algorithm that solves preference-ordered maintenability goals in the presence of exogenous events. Our approach is correct and complete, and our tests on a symbolic BDD-based implementation witness its ability and effectiveness in dealing with significant and realistic scenarios which no other current approach can tackle.
Improving Planning Performance Using Low-Conflict Relaxed Plans
Authors: Baier Jorge , Botea Adi
Published: September 2022

The FF relaxed plan heuristic is one of the most effective techniques in domain-independent satisficing planning and is used by many state-of-the-art heuristic-search planners. However, it may sometimes provide quite inaccurate information, since its relaxation strategy, which ignores the delete effects of actions, may oversimplify a problem's structure. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for computing relaxed plans which — although still relaxed — aim at respecting much of the structure of the original problem. We accomplish this by generating  relaxed plans with a reduced number of conflicts. An action a will add a conflict when added to a relaxed plan if the resulting plan is provably illegal (i.e, not executable) in the un-relaxed problem. As a second contribution, we propose a new lookahead strategy, in the spirit of Vidal's YAHSP lookahead, that can better exploit the contents of relaxed plans. In our experimental analysis, we show that the resulting heuristic improves over the FF heuristic in a number of domains, most notably when lookahead is enabled. Moreover, the resulting system, which uses our new lookahead, is competitive with state-of-the-art planners, and even better in terms of the number of solved problems.
Multi-Agent Online Planning with Communication
Authors: Wu Feng , Zilberstein Shlomo , Chen Xiaoping
Published: September 2022

We propose an online algorithm for planning under uncertainty in multi-agent settings modeled as DEC-POMDPs. The algorithm helps overcome the high computational complexity of solving such problems off-line. The key challenge is to produce coordinated behavior using little or no communication. When communication is allowed but constrained, the challenge is to produce high value with minimal communication. The algorithm addresses these challenges by communicating only when history inconsistency is detected, allowing communication to be postponed if necessary. Moreover, it bounds the memory usage at each step and can be applied to problems with arbitrary horizons. The experimental results confirm that the algorithm can solve problems that are too large for the best existing off-line planning algorithms and it outperforms the best online method, producing higher value with much less communication in most cases.
Using the Context-enhanced Additive Heuristic for Temporal and Numeric Planning
Authors: Eyerich Patrick , Mattmüller Robert , Röger Gabriele
Published: September 2022

Planning systems for real-world applications need the ability to handle concurrency and numeric fluents. Nevertheless, the predominant approach to cope with concurrency followed by the most successful participants in the latest International Planning Competitions (IPC) is still to find a sequential plan that is rescheduled in a post-processing step. We present Temporal Fast Downward (TFD), a planning system for temporal problems that is capable of finding low-makespan plans by performing a heuristic search in a temporal search space. We show how the context-enhanced additive heuristic can be successfully used for temporal planning and how it can be extended to numeric fluents. TFD often produces plans of high quality and, evaluated according to the rating scheme of the last IPC, outperforms all state-of-the-art temporal planning systems.
A Conformant Planner with Explicit Disjunctive Representation of Belief States
Authors: To Son , Pontelli Enrico , Son Tran
Published: September 2022

This paper describes a novel and competitive complete conformant planner. Key to the enhanced performance is an efficient encoding of belief states as disjunctive normal form formulae and an efficient procedure for computing the successor belief state. We provide experimental comparative evaluation on a large pool of benchmarks. The novel design provides great efficiency and enhanced scalability, along with the intuitive structure of disjunctive normal form representations.
An Automatically Configurable Portfolio-based Planner with Macro-actions: PbP
Authors: Gerevini Alfonso , Saetti Alessandro , Vallati Mauro
Published: September 2022

While several powerful domain-independent planners have recently been developed, no one of these clearly outperforms all the others in every known benchmark domain. We present PbP, a multi-planner which automatically configures a portfolio of planners by (1) computing some sets of macro-actions for every planner in the portfolio, (2) selecting a promising combination of planners in the portfolio and relative useful macro-actions, and (3) defining some running time slots for their round-robin scheduling during planning. The configuration relies on some knowledge about the performance of the planners in the portfolio and relative macro-actions which is automatically generated from a training problem set. PbP entered the learning track of IPC-2008 and was the overall winner of this competition track. An experimental study confirms the effectiveness of PbP, and shows that the learned configuration knowledge is useful for PbP.
Path-Adaptive A* for Incremental Heuristic Search in Unknown Terrain
Authors: Hernandez Carlos , Meseguer Pedro , Sun Xiaoxun , Koenig Sven
Published: September 2022

Adaptive A* is an incremental version of A* that updates the h-values of the previous A* search to make them more informed and thus future A* searches more focused. In this paper, we show how the A* searches performed by Adaptive A* can reuse part of the path of the previous search and terminate before they expand a goal state, resulting in Path-Adaptive A*. We demonstrate experimentally that Path-Adaptive A* expands fewer states per search and runs faster than Adaptive A* when solving path-planning problems in initially unknown terrain.
Timeline-Based Space Operations Scheduling with External Constraints
Authors: Chien Steve , Tran Daniel , Rabideau Gregg , Schaffer Steve , Mandl Daniel , Frye Stuart
Published: September 2022

We describe a timeline-based scheduling algorithm developed for mission operations of the EO-1 earth observing satellite. We first describe the range of operational constraints for operations focusing on maneuver and thermal constraints that cannot be modeled in typical planner/schedulers. We then describe a greedy heuristic scheduling algorithm and compare its performance to both the prior scheduling algorithm - documenting an over 50% increase in scenes scheduled with estimated value of millions of dollars US. We also compare to a relaxed optimal scheduler showing that the greedy scheduler produces schedules with scene count within 15% of an upper bound on optimal schedules.