bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing the Benefits of Internationalization: The Moderating Role of Labour Flexibility
Authors: Jung Heung-Jun , Noh Sung-Chul , Chung Sun-Wook
Published: June 2016

Using the large-scale Korean Workplace Panel Survey, this study examines the interplay between international diversification, labour flexibility, and workplace-level performance in the context of advanced emerging markets. Filling the gap in the literature on the international diversification-performance (IDP) relationship, which focuses primarily on firm-level characteristics and overlooks the role of labour factors as contingent variables, we draw attention to the workplace level dynamics by exploring how the two types of labour flexibility—functional and numerical flexibility—moderate the impact of international diversification on performance. The results show that when workplaces invest in training for job enlargement and employee involvement programs that lead to the enhancement of functional flexibility, the link between international diversification and performance can be strengthened.

This finding supports the assertion in the international HRM literature that, in the ever-globalized business environment, investment in human capital is a better strategy for improving financial performance in the long run. Furthermore, we find that numerical flexibility, as measured by in-house subcontracting arrangements, has a negative impact on the IDP relationship. Overall, our study suggests that the quality of human resources and a well-designed workplace configuration may still help improve performance in the context of international diversification, whereas excessive dependence on employment externalization for cost reduction is likely to hurt not only financial performance but also long-term sustainability. We also believe that our findings on the advanced emerging market economy complement insights from previous studies, which are largely based on Western developed economies, thus enriching current theories on labour flexibility.
Le rôle de la famille d’origine et des parents dans les expériences de conciliation travail-études des jeunes cégépiens et universitaires
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle , Alberio Marco
Published: June 2016

Les travaux sur la conciliation et l’articulation des temps sociaux se sont élargis pour inclure plusieurs moments de la vie, dont la conciliation travail-études. Nous nous sommes penchés sur cette période du début du parcours professionnel, afin de mieux comprendre comment les jeunes (principalement 18-24 ans) concilient études et emploi. Nous nous concentrons sur le rôle que la famille joue dans l’expérience de conciliation travail-études, en montrant comment elle influence d’abord la décision de travailler mais aussi le rapport que les jeunes entretiennent avec leur emploi, la quantité d’heures travaillées par semaine et d’autres dimensions de leur activité et de leur conciliation travail-études.
Modélisation de la relation entre certaines variables caractéristiques de l’élève et de l’école et la performance à l’écrit en français des finissants du secondaire au Québec
Authors: Charles Patrick , Blais Jean-Guy
Published: June 2016

Cet article analyse les relations entre certaines variables associées à l’élève et à l’école et la performance à l’écrit en français des élèves québécois finissants du secondaire de la région métropolitaine de Montréal, en ce qui a trait à deux des critères de correction : la syntaxe et la ponctuation ainsi que l’orthographe. À l’aide de la modélisation multiniveau multivariée, les résultats indiquent que la part de variance dans la performance des élèves attribuable à l’élève est de l’ordre de 75,0 %, tandis que celle attribuable à l’école est de l’ordre de 25,0 % pour l’ensemble des élèves. Nous observons un effet différentiel des facteurs d’élève et d’école selon le critère considéré, et une plus grande homogénéité entre les écoles qu’entre les élèves à l’intérieur d’une école.
Une théorie des seuils psychométriques à double contrôle d’erreur – Partie II : l’erreur de mesure et le concept de norme sûre
Authors: Laurencelle Louis
Published: June 2016

La décision psychométrique qui consiste à décréter qu’un candidat, évalué par un test et dont le score est confronté à une norme, « passe » ou « ne passe pas » fait face à deux incertitudes, deux sources d’erreur : l’erreur de mesure, reflétée par le coefficient de fidélité du test et modifiant peu ou prou la valeur vraie du candidat, et la variabilité échantillonnale de la norme, celle-ci étant ordinairement basée sur un échantillon et présentant sa propre distribution d’erreur. À la suite de l’examen de l’incertitude de la norme et de son contrôle (Laurencelle, 2015), nous abordons ici l’erreur de mesure et son interaction avec l’incertitude de la norme, puis nous intégrons les deux dans un système mathématique basé principalement sur la loi normale. La probabilité que soit sélectionné un candidat non méritant ou non qualifié peut être calculée, tout comme celle qu’un candidat qualifié soit rejeté. Nous proposons enfin le concept et la méthodologie de la « norme sûre » (Laurencelle, 2002), laquelle permet de contrôler statistiquement le risque d’une erreur de décision.
La catégorisation des élèves par les enseignants : une étude critique des propositions de Hofer
Authors: Wanlin Philippe , Aliprandi Marie-Louise , Mossaz Angela , Revilloud Malika
Published: June 2016

Notre contribution présente les recherches de Hofer (1981, 1986) qui se sont intéressées aux catégories d’élèves contenues dans le répertoire cognitif des enseignants. Elle se penche plus spécifiquement sur l’approche utilisée par cet auteur afin d’en extraire la méthodologie, dont nous avons fait usage notamment à l’aide des approches utilisées dans les recherches sur la catégorisation des objets et des personnes (Sternberg, 2007 ; Reed, 2011). Neuf enseignantes genevoises du primaire ont participé à notre dispositif de recherche, qui poursuit deux objectifs : (a) vérifier la pertinence du recours à une méthode statistique, soit l’analyse par grappes (cluster analysis), pour identifier les catégories d’élèves disponibles dans le bagage cognitif des enseignants, et (b) examiner si la structure interne centrale-périphérique de catégories isolées de connaissances que Hofer pense démontrer n’est pas le produit des algorithmes statistiques qu’il utilise. Nous concluons par une discussion sur nos résultats concernant la méthodologie et les perspectives de recherche.
Une théorie des seuils psychométriques à double contrôle d’erreur –Partie I : l’imprécision échantillonnale des centiles
Authors: Laurencelle Louis
Published: June 2016

Les tests psychométriques sont appliqués à divers usages et pour différentes clientèles. Ils sont utilisés pour circonscrire la « personnalité » du répondant en obtenant un score sur chacune de quelques échelles descriptives, pour estimer l’aptitude d’une personne en vue d’une tâche et d’un rendement ciblés, pour repérer le risque de tentative suicidaire ou de commission d’un crime, etc. Ces tests, la plupart basés sur une échelle de mesure supposée quantitative, se caractérisent techniquement par leur fidélité, leur validité et leur appareil normatif, c’est-à-dire la norme ou les normes qui permettent au testeur de formuler un jugement comparatif à partir du score obtenu par la personne évaluée. C’est de la précision de ces normes, c’est-à-dire les seuils psychométriques ou seuils centiles, que traite le présent essai et donc, corrélativement, d’un aspect non négligeable de la valeur du jugement porté.
Hannah Arendt: el delito original de los Estados Unidos || Hannah Arendt and the United States Original Crime
Authors: Ballesteros Alfonso
Published: June 2016

Resumen: Hannah Arendt aborda el problema del racismo contra la población negra en los Estados Unidos en el ámbito social y en el político, dos esferas de la vida humana que distingue cuidadosamente. Esta doble perspectiva ofrece un perfil completo de lo que denomina el “delito original” de los Estados Unidos: la esclavitud y la exclusión del pueblo negro e indio de la Constitución de 1787. Sus reflexiones sobre la educación pública segregada y sobre la desobediencia civil entre la población negra constituyen una oportunidad de repensar el problema de la inclusión jurídica en el mundo actual.  Abstract: Hannah Arendt addresses the problem of racism against African-Americans in the social and in the political realm. She makes a careful distinction between these two realms and this double perspective provides a complete profile of what she calls the "original crime" of the United States: Black slavery and the exclusion of Black and Indian people of the 1787 Constitution. His reflections on segregated public education and civil disobedience among African-Americans are an opportunity to rethink the problem of legal inclusion today.
¿Qué es una pregunta? Fundamentos pragmalingüísticos para la democratización de los géneros administrativo y judicial || What is a question? Pragmatics basis for the democratization of the administrative and legal genres
Authors: Martínez Villarroya Javier
Published: June 2016

Resumen: Los documentos jurídicos y administrativos son difíciles de entender. ¿Hay forma de corregirlos? Una de las técnicas principales en aras de la claridad es la de hacer preguntas. La fundamentación de nuestra tesis la encontramos en las teorías más relevantes de la pragmalingüística, en algunos textos clásicos y en bibliografía reciente sobre lenguaje claro y literacidad en español. Es posible y necesario fundamentar las propuestas del lenguaje claro en función de los efectos cognitivos que producen en el receptor del mensaje. Aquí, pues, dotamos de bases científicas al movimiento y contribuimos a atacar el escepticismo con el que se recibe. Abstract: Legal and administrative documents are difficult to understand; Is there a proper way to correct them? One of the main techniques for the sake of clarity is to ask questions. The basis of our thesis is found in the most relevant theories of the pragmatics, in some classic texts and in recent bibliography about plain language and literacy. It is possible to defend the use of plain language in terms of the cognitive effects. We will endow the scientific bases of plain language and, therefore, we will contribute to attack the scepticism with which it is received.
Datos del número 33 de CEFD
Authors: Editorial CEFD Gestión
Published: June 2016

Datos del número 33 de CEFD
Августинова теорија праведног рата
Authors: Јелић Милош
Published: June 2016

Августин се уобичајено сматра зачетником теорије праведног рата у оквирима хришћанства. Своју теорију уобличавао је у временима попуштања Римског Царства пред нападима варвара и у јеку борби Цркве против јеретика. Његово схватање праведне борбе у великој мери ослања се на римско правно наслеђе оличено у Цицероновим размишљањима на ову тему, као и на интерпретацију Цицеронових ставова од стране Амвросија Миланског. За Августина, рат је последица греха и погрешног усмерења човекове воље, а истински мир треба очекивати тек у есхатону. Из елемената Августинове теорије могуће је извести jus ad bellum и jus in bello принципе за вођење праведног рата.
Сусрет цара Душана и Григорија Паламе на Атосу
Authors: Сајловић Мирко
Published: June 2016

Сусрет и разговор цара Душана са Светим Григоријом Паламом на Светој Гори Атонској одавно је препознат у савременој византологији. О њему се углавном говорило са агиолошког аспекта тј. величања монашке смирености и мудрости Светога Григорија или, пак, као интересантна анегдота из живота највећег српског владара. У раду доносимо допуњен и исправљен превод њиховог разговора, те могућности његовог вишесложног тумачења као историјског извора.
Значај храма у Сопотници код Горажда за православне Србе и Српску Православну Цркву
Authors: Билинац Ранко
Published: June 2016

И поред безграничних искушења и страдања, српски народ горњег Подриња као и ширих простора Босне и Херцеговине градио је своје храмове манифестујући и на тај начин своју припадност заједници просвијећених и цивилизованих народа. Бројни храмови подигнути мукотрпним напором предака нестајали су у пепелу и пламену, али их је вјерни народ ношен и покретан исполинском духовном снагом својих праотаца обнављао и милошћу Бога Живога удахнуо им дах живота. И тако из покољења у покољење. Из вијека у вијек. Све до наших дана. Градећи и бранећи своје храмове Срби су градили и бранили најплеменитије тековине колективне националне свијести. У историји светосавске духовне културе на подручју Босне и Херцеговине уопште, храму Светог Великомученуика Георгија у Доњој Сопотници код Горажда припада изузетно значајно мјесто. Подигао га је херцег Стефан Вукчић Косача. Културно-просвјетни живот у горњем Подрињу наставио се извјесно вријеме и под турском окупацијом. Настојањем Божидара Љубавића-Горажданина, при храму Светог Георгија отворена је 1529. године прва штампарија на подручју Босне и Херцеговине уопште.
Теодор Мопсуестијски: Христолошка прожетост његовог поимања Крштења и Причешћа
Authors: Фредерик Мек Леод
Published: June 2016

Овај рад испитује како Теодор Мопсуестијски у својој светотајинској мисли схвата појмове „тип“, „учешће“ и „стварно присуство“, а у време када долази до појмовних (језичких) промена у Цркви. Најпре ћемо сумирати главне аргументе W.De Vries-а, I.Oñatibia-е, and L.Abramowski-е о ефектима који су, по Теодору, присутни у Крштењу и Причешћу. У овом раду примењује се Теодорово схватање улоге коју „икона Божија“ и „тело Христово“ имају као начин да се разумевање стварног функционалног однос који Теодор поставља (смешта) између светих Тајни и њиховог небеског испуњења. Остати везан за тело Христово требало би да обезбеди бесмртност.
Театар и политика
Authors: Шољевић Саша
Published: June 2016

Народно позориште у Бањој Луци основано 1930. године од почетка свога рада имало је поред опште културне намене и одређење према културно-политичком контексту. Оно је деловало као национално (у смислу интегралног југословенства) са национално-пропагандним репертоаром. Стварањем марионетске НДХ и окупацијом Босне и Херцеговине, Позориште у Бањoj Луци постаје „Хрватско народно казалиште“; тако је театар поново, али са другачијим националним предзнаком, био полигон за васпостављање новог националног идентитета, уз пресудну спрегу владајуће нацистичке идеологије и „државне уметности“, наглашава Бранко Брђанин Бајовић (стр.7). Политички и културни програм НДХ прописао је забрану, изгон и елиминацију Срба – аутора, извођача, па чак и потенцијалне публике – и свега српског: народне тематике, идеје и духовног устројства. Требало је у Бањој Луци, као и у целој Босни и Херцеговини, избрисати сваки траг и остатак српства, „Бизанта“ и „балканизма“, како би, да цитирамо речи бањалучког „таборника“ Виктора Гутића, била извојевана „хрватска слобода“, у складу за глобалним нацистичким моделом (стр. 8 – 9).
По угледу на Оце: Стари Савез у отачкој рецепцији
Authors: Лукић Горан
Published: June 2016

Књига професора др Родољуба Кубата Траговима Писма II; Стари Савез – рецепција и контексти, носи поетичан наслов са поруком да треба корачати траговима Писма, јер оно има за нас веома велику важност и данас. За настанак ове књиге најзаслужнији је подстицај који је аутор добио од Светих Отаца, који су се у свијету и времену до тада најразвијеније цивилизације и културе, успјешно бавили егзегезом Светих Списа. Успјешност је могла да исплива само из доброг познавања светописамских текстова, али и познавања културног насљеђа јелинскога свијета. Први степеник без којег је незамислива рецепција Светога Писма био је његов превод на језик владајуће цивилизације, грчки језик, под називом Септуагинта, који је у текстолошком смислу коначна хришћанска верзија Старога Савеза. На путу ка успјешном бављењу егзегезом Оци су морали да споје јелинску културу и Божију ријеч. Једна од додирних тачака те двије стране јесте алегорија, која је била распрострањена у јелинском свијету и као таква прихваћена од Отаца, као помоћно средство у рецепцији Божије ријечи у раној Цркви.
Internalization and presentation of myelin antigens by the brain endothelium guides antigen-specific T cell migration
Authors: Lopes Pinheiro Melissa A , Kamermans Alwin , Garcia-Vallejo Juan J , van het Hof Bert , Wierts Laura , O'Toole Tom , Boeve Daniël , Verstege Marleen , van der Pol Susanne MA , van Kooyk Yvette , de Vries Helga E , Unger Wendy WJ
Published: June 2016

Trafficking of myelin-reactive CD4+ T-cells across the brain endothelium, an essential step in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), is suggested to be an antigen-specific process, yet which cells provide this signal is unknown. Here we provide direct evidence that under inflammatory conditions, brain endothelial cells (BECs) stimulate the migration of myelin-reactive CD4+ T-cells by acting as non-professional antigen presenting cells through the processing and presentation of myelin-derived antigens in MHC-II. Inflamed BECs internalized myelin, which was routed to endo-lysosomal compartment for processing in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, myelin/MHC-II complexes on inflamed BECs stimulated the trans-endothelial migration of myelin-reactive Th1 and Th17 2D2 cells, while control antigen loaded BECs did not stimulate T-cell migration. Furthermore, blocking the interaction between myelin/MHC-II complexes and myelin-reactive T-cells prevented T-cell transmigration. These results demonstrate that endothelial cells derived from the brain are capable of enhancing antigen-specific T cell recruitment.
Aspect ratio control and sensing applications for a slot waveguide with a multimode stub
Authors: He Zhihui , Peng Yongyi , Li Boxun , Chen Zhiquan , Xu Hui , Zheng Mingfei , Li Hongjian
Published: June 2016

We report the aspect ratio control and sensing applications for metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) slot waveguides with a multimode stub. By adjusting the aspect ratio r = h/w of the stub, five types of optical evolutions in various aspect ratio r ranges are defined. We can realize a single or double plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) as well as Fano resonances. In addition, the figure of merit (FOM), which can describe the sensing performance of structures, is discussed in our paper. We can find up to three FOM peaks in our proposed structure. These findings provide guidance for the fundamental research of integrated plasmonic sensors.
Industry Leadership in Tourist Guiding: A Member’s Perspective of SGL Using the Organisational Learning Framework
Authors: Greiner Romy , Wegner Aggie
Published: June 2016

In the pursuit of delivering high quality tourist experiences in a geographically remote and professionally isolated setting, many tourist guides in north Australia have associated themselves with Savannah Guides Limited (SGL). SGL is a professional association of tour guides operating in Australia’s tropical savannas, a vast landscape renowned as remaining wilderness and harbouring many cultural assets. SGL seeks to set and maintain high standards in relation to interpretation and public education, training and guiding, and natural and cultural resource management. This paper provides a member’s perspective of SGL and its perceived success, and discusses challenges the organisation faces for the future. The paper reports the results of a quantitative survey of existing and former members of SGL to investigate what guides are looking for in their professional association, and to what extent their expectations are being met. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted of Likert scales to detect patterns in members’ expectations of and satisfaction with SGL. The underlying motivations for joining SGL were strong professional branding, working with like-minded people, and a sense of wanting to protect and care for the environment. Member expectations were largely fulfilled and benefits were seen to manifest in terms of business performance and personal satisfaction. From a member’s perspective, SGL is a well-functioning and responsive organisation with strong leadership and a recognisable brand, and well equipped to master future challenges. The paper uses the learning organisation framework to discuss the challenges of ensuring the continued success of a tourist guiding brand focused not only on education and skills. Furthermore, it draws on the importance of SGL’s philosophy and focus on teaching and preserving.
Thein vitroandin vivoeffects of constitutive light expression on a bioluminescent strain of the mouse enteropathogenCitrobacter rodentium
Authors: Read Hannah M. , Mills Grant , Johnson Sarah , Tsai Peter , Dalton James , Barquist Lars , Print Cristin G. , Patrick Wayne M. , Wiles Siouxsie
Published: June 2016

Bioluminescent reporter genes, such as those from fireflies and bacteria, let researchers use light production as a non-invasive and non-destructive surrogate measure of microbial numbers in a wide variety of environments. As bioluminescence needs microbial metabolites, tagging microorganisms with luciferases means only live metabolically active cells are detected. Despite the wide use of bioluminescent reporter genes, very little is known about the impact of continuous (also called constitutive) light expression on tagged bacteria. We have previously made a bioluminescent strain ofCitrobacter rodentium, a bacterium which infects laboratory mice in a similar way to how enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) infect humans. In this study, we compared the growth of the bioluminescentC. rodentiumstrain ICC180 with its non-bioluminescent parent (strain ICC169) in a wide variety of environments. To understand more about the metabolic burden of expressing light, we also compared the growth profiles of the two strains under approximately 2,000 different conditions. We found that constitutive light expression in ICC180 was near-neutral in almost every non-toxic environment tested. However, we also found that the non-bioluminescent parent strain has a competitive advantage over ICC180 during infection of adult mice, although this was not enough for ICC180 to be completely outcompeted. In conclusion, our data suggest that constitutive light expression is not metabolically costly toC. rodentiumand supports the view that bioluminescent versions of microbes can be used as a substitute for their non-bioluminescent parents to study bacterial behaviour in a wide variety of environments.
Simple approach for ranking structure determining residues
Authors: Luna-Martínez Oscar D. , Vidal-Limón Abraham , Villalba-Velázquez Miryam I. , Sánchez-Alcalá Rosalba , Garduño-Juárez Ramón , Uversky Vladimir N. , Becerril Baltazar
Published: June 2016

Mutating residues has been a common task in order to study structural properties of the protein of interest. Here, we propose and validate a simple method that allows the identification of structural determinants; i.e., residues essential for preservation of the stability of global structure, regardless of the protein topology. This method evaluates all of the residues in a 3D structure of a given globular protein by ranking them according to their connectivity and movement restrictions without topology constraints. Our results matched up with sequence-based predictors that look up for intrinsically disordered segments, suggesting that protein disorder can also be described with the proposed methodology.
Straight Vessel Pattern and Rapid Filling Time
Authors: Lock Guntram , Schmidt Christa , Schröder Claudia , Löning Thomas , Dieckmann Klaus-Peter
Published: June 2016

Six patients with 7 lesions that were histologically confirmed as primary testicular lymphoma were preoperatively investigated with a standardized sonographic protocol including contrast‐enhanced sonography. Duplex and contrast‐enhanced sonography showed marked hypervascularization in all 7 lesions. On contrast‐enhanced sonography, the filling time of lymphomatous lesions was significantly shorter than the filling time of a size‐matched sample of 10 patients with seminomas (P < .0001). The sonographic hallmarks of testicular lymphoma in our case series were as follows: (1) sharply demarcated homogeneous hypoechoic testicular lesions with marked hypervascularization; (2) a rapid (<7 seconds) filling time of contrast bubbles; and (3) a straight and parallel course of intralesional vessels on contrast‐enhanced sonography.
Impact of Image Orientation on Measurements of Thyroid Nodule Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Gangadhar Kiran , Hippe Daniel S. , Thiel Jeff , Dighe Manjiri
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To assess the effect of orientation on the stiffness measurement by shear wave elastography (SWE) within a thyroid nodule.

Methods

Forty‐five patients with 50 thyroid nodules were enrolled in this study. After a short sonographic examination, SWE images were acquired in transverse and longitudinal orientations. Multiple elastograms of each nodule were obtained in both orientations. Mean and maximum stiffness values were recorded from each region of interest. The overall mean and maximum stiffness values of each nodule were calculated for both orientations separately. The concordance correlation coefficient was used to assess overall agreement between measurements. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess diagnostic performance for benign versus malignant nodules.

Results

The 45 patients included 6 men and 39 women (mean age, 53 years; range, 23–84 years). The mean stiffness values ± SD were 19.1 ± 18.4 and 20.9 ± 21.5 kPa for transverse and longitudinal measurements, respectively, with a small overall bias between the orientations (1.8 kPa; P = .09). Overall agreement was good (concordance correlation coefficient, 0.93) although moderated somewhat after the stiffness values were log transformed to reduce skewness (concordance correlation coefficient, 0.76). Of the 50 nodules, 6 were classified as malignant. The area under the curve based on the mean stiffness value from longitudinal images tended to be better than for transverse images, but the difference was not statistically significant (0.93 versus 0.83; P = .17).

Conclusions

Our study has shown that good diagnostic performance can be achieved by using SWE in longitudinal and transverse orientations. Moderate to good agreement in mean and maximum stiffness values for both orientations was observed, with only a small bias. Diagnostic performance for benign and malignant nodules was similar. The similar performance of both orientations gives flexibility in imaging patients with anatomic or physical limitations.
Caracterização de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em transição com o cerrado, no município de Bebedouro, SP. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.26
Authors: Escher Edmilson , Ferraudo Antonio Sergio , Souza Josué Marcondes de , Viana Fábio Luiz , Colli Áurea Maria Therezinha
Published: June 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em transição com o cerrado, localizado na área de assentamento do município de Bebedouro, SP, para fins conservacionistas. Utilizou-se o método das parcelas, demarcando-se uma área amostral de 2800 metros, subdividida em sete parcelas de 20 m por 20 m. Foram medidos, marcados com plaquetas de PVC numeradas e identificados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) superior a quinze centímetros. Foram calculados descritores fitossociológicos de densidade, frequência, área basal, dominância, índice de valor de importância e cobertura, índice de equabilidade de Pielou e índice de Shannon. Espécies como sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus), pimenta-de-macaco (Xilopia aromatica) e verga-d'anta (Didymopanax macrocarpum), encontradas em todas as parcelas, caracterizaram-se como dominantes e o índice de diversidade (Shannon) resultou em 1,048. O solo apresentou pH médio de 4,0 (quantidade de íons H⁺¹) com pequena concentração dos elementos, fósforo, potássio e cálcio. A região está sofrendo pressão antrópica e necessita de intervenção, principalmente no controle de cipós e na confecção de bordadura com espécies pioneiras nativas do local, objetivando-se diminuir o efeito de borda.
Diversidade entomofaunística em três fitofisionomias de uma reserva ambiental em Coxim-MS. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.31
Authors: Almeida Patrícia Souza de , Vieira Evandro Alves , Bispo Thaiane De Morais , Silva Geovane Cândido da
Published: June 2016

A composição das espécies de formigas dentro das comunidades é influenciada pela distribuição dos recursos a serem explorados, e também pelas estratégias utilizadas por esses indivíduos para a sua obtenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a importância da integridade do hábitat para a distribuição e diversidade da comunidade de formigas existentes em três fitofisionomias: Mata Ciliar, Cerrado Sensu Stricto e Cerradão. Foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo pitfal com iscas, dispostas ordenadamente ao longo de um transecto nos três pontos escolhidos. Foram amostrados 60.266 indivíduos, distribuídos em 4 subfamílias com 14 morfoespécies. Foi observada diferença significativa entre o número de indivíduos e a época de coleta, com 29% capturados durante a seca e 71% no período chuvoso. Os maiores índices de diversidade foram obtidos para a área de Cerradão nos dois períodos de coleta denotando a maior riqueza de espécies desta fitofisionomia quando comparada aos dois outros pontos.
Localização física dos genes ribossomais 5S e 18S em "Ancistrus" sp. da bacia dos rios costeiros no Rio de Janeiro (Loricariidae: Ancistrini). DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v3i1.13
Authors: Rocha Reis Dinaíza Abadia , Brandão Karina De Oliveira , Almeida-Toledo Lurdes Foresti de , Pazza Rubens , Kavalco Karine Frehner
Published: June 2016

Ancistrus é considerado um gênero diversificado na tribo Ancistrini e corresponde a peixes conhecidos popularmente por “cascudos”.  Os DNAs ribossômicos mais estudados são o rDNA 18S, que participa da formação de Regiões Organizadoras de Nucléolo,  e o rDNA 5S. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a localização física dos sítios de DNAr 18S e 5S em Ancistrus sp. da região de Angra dos Reis-RJ, bacia dos rios Costeiros. Através de Hibridação Fluorescente in situ (FISH) foram identificados 4 sítios de rDNA 18S localizados em quatro diferentes cromossomos (pares 3 e 14) e 2 sítios de rDNA 5S, localizados em dois cromossomos (par 13), todos em região terminal. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser aplicados em abordagens conservacionistas, podendo auxiliar no entendimento da evolução cromossômica desta espécie e da tribo Ancistrini.
Uso do sequenciamento de genes mitocondriais na identificação de espécies. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v3i2.8
Authors: Da Silva Sabrina Alves , Kavalco Karine Frehner , Pazza Rubens
Published: June 2016

A identificação de espécies pode ser realizada por vários métodos, especialmente pela morfologia. No entanto, alguns tipos de produtos não podem ser identificados por métodos convencionais. Esse é o caso de filés de peixes que têm suas características morfológicas retiradas, dificultando a identificação da espécie proveniente. Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar o uso de sequenciamento de regiões do genoma para identificar espécies, utilizando como exemplo amostras de filé de salmão provenientes de mercados e peixarias. Foram adquiridas oito amostras de salmão em mercados, peixarias e restaurantes, das quais foi extraído e quantificado o DNA. Neste experimento, utilizou-se a região ATPase 6/8 do genoma mitocondrial para amplificação, sequenciamento e comparação. As sequências obtidas foram comparadas com aquelas existentes no GenBank através do programa “Blastn”. Observou-se que das oito amostras analisadas, duas não pertenciam à espécies de salmão e três são espécies silvestres ameaçadas de extinção. A técnica de sequenciamento de genes é uma ferramenta importante na defesa do consumidor, na fiscalização ambiental e em estudos de genética de conservação. 
Caracterização citogenética da espécie Trigona chanchamayoensis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) encontrada no cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Fernandes Anderson , Barth Adriane , Sampaio Wagner Santana
Published: June 2016

As abelhas da subtribo Meliponini são conhecidas como abelhas sem ferrão. Elas são as principais vítimas dos avanços das fronteiras agrícolas principalmente pela ação das queimadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar citogeneticamente a espécie Trigona chanchamayoensis. Os cromossomos metafásicos foram obtidos a partir dos gânglios cerebrais de larvas. Foi possível observar que a espécie T. chanchamayoensis apresentou número cromossômico de 2n=34 para as fêmeas e n=17 para os machos. O fluorocromo DAPI apresentou fortes marcações ao longo de um dos braços de todos os cromossomos, indicando que essas regiões são ricas em pares de bases AT. O fluorocromo CMA3 apresentou fortes marcações na região intersticial do braço longo de um dos pares dos cromossomos acrocêntricos. Ao que tudo indica estas regiões podem estar envolvidas com as NORs (Região Organizadora de Nucléolos) nesta espécie.
Palinotaxonomia de seis variedades de Passiflora edulis (Passifloreaceae)
Authors: Melhorança Estevão , Siminski Tâmila , Willian Krause , Fernandes Anderson
Published: June 2016

A família Passifloreaceae está amplamente distribuída no Brasil e grande diversidade polínica que podem ser usadas como caracteres taxonômicos. Com isso o presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente os grãos de pólen de seis variedades de Passiflora edulis. Os grãos de pólen utilizados nas preparações das lâminas histológicas foi retirado de seis variedades de P. edulis presentes na área experimental da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, sendo cinco amostras e com cinco repetições por variedade. Os grãos de pólen foram classificados com muito grandes (100-200 µm). Todas as variedades foram classificadas como esféricas, com exceção da BRS rubi que foi classificada como prolato-esferoidal. Foi possível verificar a existência de dois grupos quando as médias do diâmetro polar e equatorial foram analisadas. Estes dados indicam que estas medidas podem ser usadas para diferenciar dois grupos de variedades de P. edulis.
Análise citogenética de três espécies de Hypostomus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) da bacia do rio Paraná
Authors: Rocha Reis Dinaíza Abadia , Brandão Karina De Oliveira , Almeida Toledo Lurdes Foresti de , Pazza Rubens , Kavalco Karine Frehner
Published: June 2016

Peixes do gênero Hypostomus, popularmente conhecidos como cascudos, são amplamente distribuídos nos rios brasileiros. Neste trabalho foram analisados os complementos cromossômicos de indivíduos de três espécies de Hypostomus da bacia do rio Paraná. Hypostomus margaritifer apresentou 2n = 72, oito blocos de heterocromatina; quatro sítios de Ag-RONs, quatro marcações GC-ricas e ausência de sítios AT-ricos. Hypostomus sp. 1 de São Miguel Arcanjo apresentou 2n = 72, seis blocos heterocromáticos, Ag-RONs simples, dois blocos GC-ricos e dois blocos AT-ricos. Hypostomus sp. 2 de Angatuba apresentou 2n = 76, 12 blocos de heterocromatina, Ag-RONs simples, quatro blocos GC-ricos e bandas AT-ricas negativas. Apesar da semelhança com relação aos números diploides, estas espécies de Hypostomus apresentaram diferentes fórmulas cariotípicas e outras características cromossômicas contrastantes. É evidente a diversidade cariotípica em Hypostomus e análises de pequenos grupos de espécimes que ocorrem na distribuição das espécies nominais ajudam a elucidar a origem desta grande variação observada.
Bromide and chloride distribution across the snow‐sea ice‐ocean interface: A comparative study between an Arctic coastal marine site and an experimental sea ice mesocosm
Authors: Xu Wen , Tenuta Mario , Wang Feiyue
Published: June 2016

During springtime in the Arctic, bromine explosion events occur when high concentrations of reactive bromine species are observed in the boundary layer with the concurrence of ozone depletion events and mercury depletion events. While a variety of substrates including snow, sea ice, frost flowers, and aerosols have been proposed to be the substrate and/or source of bromine activation in the Arctic, recent studies have highlighted the role of snow. Here we report concentration profiles of halides (Br− and Cl−), Na+, and mercury across the snow‐sea ice‐seawater interface at a coastal marine site in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in March and June 2014, as well as in an experimental sea ice mesocosm in Winnipeg in January and February 2014. The occurrence of bromine activation at the Arctic site in March was indicated by the high mercury concentrations in snowpack. At both the Arctic and mesocosm sites, the molar ratios of Br−/Na+ were nearly constant throughout the sea ice depth, but highly variable in the upper layer of the overlying snowpack, revealing that bromine activation takes place in the sunlit snow instead of sea ice. This is supported by calculations showing that the loss of Br– from the upper layer of the snowpack is large enough to produce the observed concentrations of reactive bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer. However, the upper layer of the Arctic snowpack tends to be generally enriched in Br– due to the net addition of Br–‐containing gases and nonsea‐salt aerosols.
Carbon loss and chemical changes from permafrost collapse in the northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Mu Cuicui , Zhang Tingjun , Zhang Xiankai , Li Lili , Guo Hong , Zhao Qian , Cao Lin , Wu Qingbai , Cheng Guodong
Published: June 2016

Permafrost collapse, known as thermokarst, can alter soil properties and carbon emissions. However, little is known regarding the effects of permafrost collapse in upland landscapes on the biogeochemical processes that affect carbon balance. In this study, we measured soil carbon and physiochemical properties at a large thermokarst feature on a hillslope in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We categorized surfaces into three different microrelief patches based on type and extent of collapse (control, drape, and exposed areas). Permafrost collapse resulted in substantial decreases of surface soil carbon and nitrogen stocks, with losses of 29.6 ± 4.2% and 28.9 ± 3.1% for carbon and nitrogen, respectively, in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Laboratory incubation experiments indicated that control soil had significantly higher CO2 production rates than that of drapes. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that exposed soils accumulated some organic matter due to their low position within the feature, which was accompanied by substantial changes in the chemical structure and characteristics of the soil carbon. Exposed soils had higher hydrocarbon and lignin/phenol backbone content than in control and drape soils in the 0–10 cm layer. This study demonstrates that permafrost collapse can cause abundant carbon and nitrogen loss, potentially from mineralization, leaching, photodegradation, and lateral displacement. These results demonstrate that permafrost collapse redistributes the soil organic matter, changes its chemical characteristics, and leads to losses of organic carbon due to the greenhouse gas emission.
Microearthquake activity, lithospheric structure, and deformation modes at an amagmatic ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge segment
Authors: Schmid Florian , Schlindwein Vera
Published: June 2016

While nascent oceanic lithosphere at slow to fast spreading mid‐ocean ridges (MOR) is relatively well studied, much less is known about the lithospheric structure and properties at ultraslow MORs. Here we present microearthquake data from a 1 year ocean bottom seismometer deployment at the amagmatic, oblique supersegment of the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. A refraction seismic experiment was performed to constrain upper lithosphere P‐velocities and results were used to construct a 1D velocity model for earthquake location. Earthquake foci were located individually and subsequently relocated relative to each other to sharpen the image of seismically active structures. Frequent earthquake activity extends to 31 km beneath the seafloor, indicating an exceptionally thick brittle lithosphere and an undulating brittle‐ductile transition that implies significant variations in the along‐axis thermal structure of the lithosphere. We observe a strong relation between petrology, microseismicity distribution, and topography along the ridge axis: Peridotite‐dominated areas associate with deepest hypocenters, vast volumes of lithosphere that deforms aseismically as a consequence of alteration, and the deepest axial rift valley. Areas of basalt exposure correspond to shallower hypocenters, shallower and more rugged axial seafloor. Focal mechanisms deviate from pure extension and are spatially variable. Earthquakes form an undulating band of background seismicity and do not delineate discrete detachment faults as common on slow spreading ridges. Instead, the seismicity band sharply terminates to the south, immediately beneath the rift boundary. Considering the deep alteration, large steep boundary faults might be present but are entirely aseismic.
Characterizing the extreme 2015 snowpack deficit in the Sierra Nevada (USA) and the implications for drought recovery
Authors: Margulis Steven A. , Cortés Gonzalo , Girotto Manuela , Huning Laurie S. , Li Dongyue , Durand Michael
Published: June 2016

Analysis of the Sierra Nevada (USA) snowpack using a new spatially distributed snow reanalysis data set, in combination with longer term in situ data, indicates that water year 2015 was a truly extreme (dry) year. The range‐wide peak snow volume was characterized by a return period of over 600 years (95% confidence interval between 100 and 4400 years) having a strong elevational gradient with a return period at lower elevations over an order of magnitude larger than those at higher elevations. The 2015 conditions, occurring on top of three previous drought years, led to an accumulated (multiyear) snowpack deficit of ~ −22 km3, the highest over the 65 years analyzed. Early estimates based on 1 April snow course data indicate that the snowpack drought deficit will not be overcome in 2016, despite historically strong El Niño conditions. Results based on a probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation show that recovery from the snowpack drought will likely take about 4 years.
Climate variability and extremes, interacting with nitrogen storage, amplify eutrophication risk
Authors: Lee Minjin , Shevliakova Elena , Malyshev Sergey , Milly P. C. D. , Jaffé Peter R.
Published: June 2016

Despite 30 years of basin‐wide nutrient‐reduction efforts, severe hypoxia continues to be observed in the Chesapeake Bay. Here we demonstrate the critical influence of climate variability, interacting with accumulated nitrogen (N) over multidecades, on Susquehanna River dissolved nitrogen (DN) loads, known precursors of the hypoxia in the Bay. We used the process model LM3‐TAN (Terrestrial and Aquatic Nitrogen), which is capable of capturing both seasonal and decadal‐to‐century changes in vegetation‐soil‐river N storage, and produced nine scenarios of DN‐load distributions under different short‐term scenarios of climate variability and extremes. We illustrate that after 1 to 3 yearlong dry spells, the likelihood of exceeding a threshold DN load (56 kt yr−1) increases by 40 to 65% due to flushing of N accumulated throughout the dry spells and altered microbial processes. Our analyses suggest that possible future increases in climate variability/extremes—specifically, high precipitation occurring after multiyear dry spells—could likely lead to high DN‐load anomalies and hypoxia.
Magnetic reconnection and modification of the Hall physics due to cold ions at the magnetopause
Authors: André M. , Li W. , Toledo‐Redondo S. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Graham D. B. , Norgren C. , Burch J. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. , Ergun R. , Torbert R. , Magnes W. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. , Moore T. E. , Chandler M. O. , Pollock C. , Young D. T. , Avanov L. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. R. , Lavraud B. , Saito Y.
Published: June 2016

Observations by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft are used to investigate the Hall physics of a magnetopause magnetic reconnection separatrix layer. Inside this layer of currents and strong normal electric fields, cold (eV) ions of ionospheric origin can remain frozen‐in together with the electrons. The cold ions reduce the Hall current. Using a generalized Ohm's law, the electric field is balanced by the sum of the terms corresponding to the Hall current, the v × B drifting cold ions, and the divergence of the electron pressure tensor. A mixture of hot and cold ions is common at the subsolar magnetopause. A mixture of length scales caused by a mixture of ion temperatures has significant effects on the Hall physics of magnetic reconnection.
Stress drop estimates and hypocenter relocations of induced seismicity near Crooked Lake, Alberta
Authors: Clerc Fiona , Harrington Rebecca M. , Liu Yajing , Gu Yu Jeffrey
Published: June 2016

We use a sequence of induced earthquakes near Crooked Lake, Alberta, to investigate the physical differences between induced and tectonic earthquakes. Starting with the Natural Resources Canada earthquake catalogue, we use a spectral ratio method to calculate the static stress drops of a group of relocated earthquakes ranging from December 2013 to June 2015. We find that stress drops fall within the high side of the typical reported range of tectonic events and show no correlation with earthquake magnitude, depth, or distance from the well. The stress drops appear roughly constant for events with Mw 3 to 4. Relocated hypocenters cluster both spatially and temporally around corresponding injection wells and appear to migrate deeper with increasing time from injection. Fine‐scale lineations apparent in relocated hypocenters could indicate the presence and orientation of fault planes, consistent with the published focal mechanism solutions of M 4+ events in the area.
The oceanic influence on the rainy season of Peninsular Florida
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Mishra Akhilesh
Published: June 2016

In this study we show that the robust surface ocean currents around Peninsular Florida, namely, the Loop and the Florida Currents, affect the terrestrial wet season of Peninsular Florida. We show this through two novel regional coupled ocean‐atmosphere models with different bathymetries that dislocate and modulate the strength of these currents and thereby affect the overlying sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content. This study show that a weaker current system produces colder coastal SSTs along the Atlantic coast of Florida that reduces the length of the wet season and the total seasonal accumulation of precipitation over Peninsular Florida relative to the regional climate model simulation, in which these currents are stronger. The moisture budget reveals that as a result of these forced changes to the temperature of the upper coastal Atlantic Ocean, overlying surface evaporation and atmospheric convection is modulated. This consequently changes the moisture flux convergence leading to the modulation of the terrestrial wet season rainfall over Peninsular Florida that manifests in changes in the length and distribution of daily rain rate of the wet season. The results of this study have implications on interpreting future changes to hydroclimate of Peninsular Florida owing to climate change and low‐frequency changes to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation that comprises the Loop and the Florida Currents as part of its upper branch.