bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subacromial InSpace Balloon Interposition for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Senekovic Vladimir
Published: May 2022

Massive rotator cuff tears are a challenging problem for treatment. The best results we can still achieve with reconstruction. For treatment of massive rotator cuff tears when reconstruction is not possible, a new method has been developed recently: the implantation of the biodegradable balloon spacer/InSpace™ balloon/filled with the saline in the subacromial space. The main characteristic of this method is that to allow gliding of the humeral head against acromion without friction and to depress the humeral head for 2–3 mm. This depression is just enough that the humerus is in a better center of rotation that allows the deltoid muscle more strength—better vector forces for the deltoid muscle. This function of the balloon permits better deltoid activation and compensation through the arc of motion. Results of our first study and results of others show clinical safety and efficacy of the insertion of the InSpace™ balloon in a group of patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The insertion of this device shows significantly better early improvement, significant improvement in subjective pain scores, and a decrease in reported night pain. The measurement of the Total Constant score showed statistically significant improvement after insertion of the InSpace™ balloon at 5 years of follow-up. Generally, all studies show 75–80% of good results.
The Diversity of Parvovirus Telomeres
Authors: Laugel Marianne , Lecomte Emilie , Ayuso Eduard , Adjali Oumeya , Mével Mathieu , Penaud-Budloo Magalie
Published: May 2022

Parvoviridae are small viruses composed of a 4–6 kb linear single-stranded DNA protected by an icosahedral capsid. The viral genes coding non-structural (NS), capsid, and accessory proteins are flanked by intriguing sequences, namely the telomeres. Telomeres are essential for parvovirus genome replication, encapsidation, and integration. Similar (homotelomeric) or different (heterotelomeric) at the two ends, they all contain imperfect palindromes that fold into hairpin structures. Up to 550 nucleotides in length, they harbor a wide variety of motifs and structures known to be recognized by host cell factors. Our study aims to comprehensively analyze parvovirus ends to better understand the role of these particular sequences in the virus life cycle. Forty Parvoviridae terminal repeats (TR) were publicly available in databases. The folding and specific DNA secondary structures, such as G4 and triplex, were systematically analyzed. A principal component analysis was carried out from the prediction data to determine variables signing parvovirus groups. A special focus will be put on adeno-associated virus (AAV) inverted terminal repeats (ITR), a member of the genus Dependoparvovirus used as vectors for gene therapy. This chapter highlights the diversity of the Parvoviridae telomeres regarding shape and secondary structures, providing information that could be relevant for virus-host interactions studies.
Object Tracking Using Adapted Optical Flow
Authors: Ferreira Ronaldo , José de Castro Ferreira Joaquim , José Ribeiro Neves António
Published: May 2022

The objective of this work is to present an object tracking algorithm developed from the combination of random tree techniques and optical flow adapted in terms of Gaussian curvature. This allows you to define a minimum surface limited by the contour of a two-dimensional image, which must or should not contain a minimum amount of optical flow vector associated with the movement of an object. The random tree will have the purpose of verifying the existence of superfluous vectors of optical flow by discarding them, defining a minimum number of vectors that characterizes the movement of the object. The results obtained were compared with those of the Lucas-Kanade algorithms with and without Gaussian filter, Horn and Schunk and Farneback. The items evaluated were precision and processing time, which made it possible to validate the results, despite the distinct nature between the algorithms. They were like those obtained in Lucas and Kanade with or without Gaussian filter, the Horn and Schunk, and better in relation to Farneback. This work allows analyzing the optical flow over small regions in an optimal way in relation to precision (and computational cost), enabling its application to area, such as cardiology, in the prediction of infarction.
Infant and Young Child Feeding in the Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Mirembe Masereka Enos , Munguiko Clement , Tumusiime Alex , Grace Alanyo Linda
Published: May 2022

Infant feeding challenges continue to manifest in developed and developing countries. Worldwide, more than 80% of babies are breastfed in the first few weeks of birth. However, about 37%, 25%, and less than 1% are exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age in Africa, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom, respectively. These statistics are far below the World Health Organization targets of 50% and 70% by 2025 and 2030, respectively. Complementary feeding practices are varied as well due to nonadherence to Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) guidelines among parents. This accounts for the current trends in malnutrition in children under−5 years of age, adolescents, and the youth, and leads to intergeneration malnutrition. In this chapter we have included sections on appropriate infant feeding; including how to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour of birth, how to exclusively breastfeed infants until 6 months of age, how to complement breastfeeding after 6 months of infant’s age as well as continuing to breastfeed until 24 months of age and even beyond. Furthermore, we have included a description of how mothers who are unable to breastfeed can feed their infants on expressed breastmilk or replace breastmilk with appropriate homemade or commercial formula. This chapter as well covers infant feeding in prematurity.
Bacterial Biofilm: Contribution to AMR and Approaches to Tackle
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Yadav Pragati , Tripathi Deepika
Published: May 2022

The brisk emergence of resistant microbes is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of various antimicrobial agents. The overprescription of antimicrobial drugs results in the emergence of mutant strains of drug-resistant pathogens challenging the existing antimicrobial regime. Moreover, the outbreak of the pandemic has emphasized the necessity to consider the coinfections and antimicrobial resistance crisis as a vital motive of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the prevention of such infections is much better than the eradication of the same. Thus, herein, we aim at providing a comprehensive list that can be used as an alternative class of antibacterial agents by exploiting the activity of various phytochemicals. The antibiofilm activity of various classes of phytochemicals would be projected for both the eradication and the prevention of biofilm formation in the presence of selected compounds. This chapter visualizes antimicrobial resistance as a matter of grave concern and one of the greatest threats to global health, food security, and development today.
Laudato si’, Six Years Later
Authors: Crabbé Philippe
Published: May 2022

The Christian Churches’ traditional environmental ethic is stewardship. Laudato si’ (2015) has augmented stewardship ethics with an ethics of care. The ethics of care is also the one that inspires Francis of Assisi and Bonaventure, indigenous people and feminist ethics. Laudato si’ puts a major emphasis on education and pays scant attention to policy because deep changes allegedly need to occur first at the individual level. Policy toward global ecological problems has been difficult to formulate and implement because the latter are public goods “wicked problems”. Some policy experts, in their respective reviews of U.S. climate policies, tend to fall back on ethics rather than policy as a major motivator for appropriate individual behavior, comforting pope Francis’ conviction. The relatively recent ethics of relational values may be a useful tool to build bridges among different types of ethics. Could religion, any religion, be an alternative motivator for pro-environmental behavior? Abundant sociological analysis concludes to the contrary. Eco-theology is creation theology that has been shaped by environmental problems. Its summary provided here in point form offers the potential for becoming a mobilizing “grand-narrative”. However, it is still in its infancy and does not have a unified methodology yet.
Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Macrophages: Current Applications and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sushama Jose Shyam , M. Forrester Lesley
Published: May 2022

The ability to derive macrophages from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides an unlimited source of genotype-specific cells with the potential to play a role in advancing our understanding of macrophage biology in both homeostasis and disease. While sharing many of the functional characteristics of monocyte-derived macrophages, iPSC-derived macrophages have also been shown to have phenotypical and functional features associated with tissue resident macrophages. These features present new opportunities to develop models of human disease and to understand the role of developmental or tissue context in innate immune cell function. iPSCs-derived macrophages have also been identified as a highly attractive source for cell and gene therapy in the treatment of diverse degenerative diseases based on their anti-inflammatory activity, their ability to clear scarred cells by phagocytosis, and providing extracellular matrices. We review and present a concise discussion on macrophage differentiation from stem cells highlighting their advantages over classical monocyte-derived macrophages in modelling organ specific macrophages. We summarize the various disease models utilizing iPSCs-derived macrophages including hereditary syndromes and host-pathogen interactions in tissue repair and the strategies used to mimic pathological phenotypes. Finally, we describe the pre-clinical studies that have addressed the application of iPSCs-derived macrophages as a therapeutic intervention.
Optimization of the Road for Effective Management Traffic and Transport with GIS-GPS, Case Study: Pristina Capital
Authors: Pajaziti Arbnor , Tafilaj Orlat
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes an integrated telegraphically GIS/GPS for an Urban Intelligent System and Traffic and Environmental Operations, where a telecommunications system enables the real-time reception of traffic data. We will focus on the improvement of bus services in Pristine capital including the implementation of more measures to improve travel time and reliability, providing new locations for “Park and Travel” and upgrade points were crossed from one form of transport to another, improving vehicle quality, providing better information and ticketing arrangement. Based on traffic surveys conducted of the Pristina Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PSUMP), new public transport bus routes have been designed to improve overall access/delivery services throughout the Pristine capital city. A new central infrastructure system traffic has also been proposed, aimed at improving the reliability and regularity of busses operating on these new lines. The new road configuration reflects current and future destinations, as well as passenger data obtained from public transport surveys, to help determine service frequencies and routes covered. The new bus network scheme is structured as the main and secondary/supplementary networks.
Study of Polydisperse Particulate Systems with a ‘Direct-Forcing/Fictitious Domain’ Method
Authors: Verjus Romuald , S. Guillou Sylvain
Published: May 2022

Natural sediments responsible for the morphodynamic of the estuaries and coast are of different sizes and densities. Some are cohesive and some are non-cohesive. The transport in suspension and their sedimentation of such a polydisperse suspension are different than the ones for a monodisperse suspension. A fully resolved model based on the Direct-Forcing/Fictitious Domain method (DF/FD) was developed and applied to simulate settling of monodisperse particles in a water column. The behaviour of the suspension corresponds qualitatively to experimental results and average settling velocities follow a Richardson-Zaki type law. Then the model is applied to the sedimentation of suspension composed of particles of three diameters. The segregation of the bed is obtained naturally. The excess pore pressure is drawn and compared with the theory.
Organoids and Commercialization
Authors: Mukherjee Anubhab , Sinha Aprajita , Maibam Maheshree , Bisht Bharti , K. Paul Manash
Published: May 2022

Organoids are 3D miniature tissue mimics and have been effectively used for various purposes, including disease modeling, various drug screening, mechanism of pathogenesis, stem cell research, and tumor immunology. Organoids are as varied as the body’s tissues and organs and have enormous economic potential. They can open new ways to tailored therapy and precision medicine. In clinical investigations, patient-derived organoids have been used to predict patient responses to therapeutic regimens and perhaps improve cancer treatment outcomes. Recent developments in stem cell research and genomic technologies have led to breakthrough innovations in organoid bioengineering, large-scale manufacturing, biobanking, and commercialization. This chapter reviews the notion of organoid biobanking, companies involved and the commercialization aspect, and ethical considerations.
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Talwar Deepak
Published: May 2022

Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) has emerged as an useful aid for management of pulmonary diseases specifically in cases of respiratory failure. NIV provides respiratory support without the need of an endotracheal tube, helping in avoiding the complications associated with intubation such as tracheal trauma, infection, bleeding, injury to the lung tissues and aspiration. NIV has turned out to provide substantial benefit in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic pulmonary edema and in cases of neuromuscular disorders. It has now become an integral tool in the management of respiratory failure, both at home as well as hospital settings including critical care units. All patients of respiratory failure irrespective of causes likeAcute exacerbations of COPD, Acute pulmonary edema, Exacerbations of cystic fibrosis, asthma, or restrictive lung disease and Pneumonia admitted in intensive care unit/high dependent units are suitable for NIV. Noninvasive ventilation is standard of care in chronic respiratory failure and has replaced invasive ventilation in such settings. Its flexibility in use and ease of administration allows it to be acceptable by patients as well as caregivers.
Role of Physiotherapy and Practice of Judo as an Alternative Method of Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wiszniewska Katarzyna
Published: May 2022

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory-demyelinating disease, which is most frequently diagnosed in young adults. Physiotherapy, mainly kinesiotherapy, plays an important role in supporting the therapeutic process. Research shows that physical activity may delay the progression of the disease and influence its course. Physical exercise can stimulate the secretion of neurotrophic factors that induce neuroplastic processes within the central nervous system, thus contributing to the recovery of motor and cognitive functions. The young age of the patients makes it difficult for them to accept the need to attend rehabilitation sessions on a regular basis. There is a possibility to use alternative forms of rehabilitation based on sports disciplines or other physical activities. A pilot study was conducted, in which judo training was incorporated into the rehabilitation program for MS patients. The benefits of this sport include: development of proprioception, motor coordination, endurance and muscle strength. The study showed a reduction in the symptoms of MS in the participants.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Demyelination Disorders
Authors: Docu Axelerad Any , Docu Axelerad Silviu , Zorina Stroe Alina
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases are defined as being a miscellaneous group of disorders that develop as a consequence of an acute or chronic inflammatory process. The types of demyelinating disease with a high prevalence are multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis. Patients with multiple sclerosis frequently experience depressive and anxiety symptoms including cognitive impairments. Depression is correlated with an unsatisfatory quality of life, having a conceivably important psychological impact on all the aspects of the patient’s live, including less efficient coping mechanisms and a decreased compliance with disease-modifying drugs. As a general rule among population, depression in multiple sclerosis patients is regularly correlated with anxiety. The clinical importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms should not be neglected because multiple sclerosis patients are more prone to be affected in all the aspects of life, in view of the morbidity that these symptoms bring in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Recurrence of Guillain Barré Syndrome in Patient Pediatric with Presentation of Two Different Clinical Variants
Authors: Solana-Rojas Angel , Miguel García-Melo Luis , Daniela Reyes-Varela María , Francisco Díaz-Sotelo Juan , Carlos Pérez-Moreno Juan , Eduardo Basulto-López Francisco , Salinas-Oviedo Carolina
Published: May 2022

Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, with unusual heterogeneous clinical variants in pediatrics. There may be infection prior to the clinical manifestations of GBS. Establishing a diagnosis and treatment is challenging. In the present work, a 7 year old schoolgirl is presented, healthy, without risk factors, with recurrence on 2 occasions with different clinical variants of GBS. The 1st episode of GBS was 2 years old, with a history of respiratory infection. Debuting later with clinical manifestations of acute inflammatory demyelinating variant GBS. During her hospital stay, she received treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (dose of 1grkg for 2 days), without respiratory and/or bulbar compromise, being discharged and sent to rehabilitation to continue multidisciplinary management. The 2nd episode of GBS was at 7 years, I presented recurrence of acute axonal motor variant GBS, secondary to respiratory infection, with acute evolution and respiratory failure, bulbar involvement, areflexia and dysautonomias, requiring mechanical ventilation for 37 days, administering IVIG of 1 grkg for 2 days). During the hospital course there was a serious neurological condition, with gradual improvement, discharging with a tracheostomy, without supplemental oxygen, tolerating the oral route and sent to neurological rehabilitation and otorhinolaryngology to reduce subsequent sequelae.
An Appraisal of Immunohistochemical Stain Use in Hepatic Metastasis Highlights the Effectiveness of the Individualized, Case-Based Approach: Analysis of Data From a Tertiary Care Medical Center
Authors: Wang Jeff D. , Sebastian Christopher , Walther Zenta , Suresh Tejas , Lacy Jill , Zhang Xuchen , Jain Dhanpat
Published: May 2022

Context.—

Liver biopsy plays an important role in the clinical management of metastases and often requires workup using immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, but the approach varies among institutions.

Objective.—

To evaluate the utility of a morphologic pattern–based, individualized approach in the workup of hepatic metastases.

Design.—

All liver biopsies with metastasis between 2015 and 2018 were identified from our institutional database and were reviewed. The morphologic pattern of the metastasis and IHC markers used in each case were recorded. The final identification of primary site of the tumor was assessed based on all the available clinicopathologic data. The academic ranking and practice pattern of the pathologist signing out the case were also recorded.

Results.—

A total of 406 liver biopsies with metastasis were identified, and the cases were classified as adenocarcinoma (253 of 406; 62%), carcinoma not otherwise specified (12 of 406; 3%), neuroendocrine neoplasm (54 of 406; 13%), poorly differentiated carcinoma (43 of 406; 11%), nonepithelial tumor (24 of 406; 6%), and squamous cell carcinoma (20 of 406; 5%). The primary site was unknown in 39% (158 of 406) at the time of liver biopsy. A primary site was determined in 97% (395 of 406) of all cases, and only 3% (11 of 406) remained true carcinoma of unknown primary. The average number of IHC markers/case in patients with known primary was 2.6, compared with 5.9 with an initial unknown primary and 9.5 in cases of true carcinoma of unknown primary.

Conclusions.—

An individualized, case-based approach seems to be highly cost-effective and uses fewer IHC markers compared with preset panels that often comprise 10 or more IHC markers.
Intraoperative Lymph Node Assessment (Touch Preparation Only) for Metastatic Breast Carcinoma in Neoadjuvant and Non-neoadjuvant Settings
Authors: Ersoy Esma , Elsayad Mahmoud , Pandiri Madhavi , Knee Alexander , Cao Q. Jackie , Crisi Giovanna M.
Published: May 2022

Context.—

Touch preparation (TP) alone is discouraged for intraoperative lymph node (LN) assessment in the neoadjuvant setting (NAS) owing to overall low sensitivity in detecting metastatic breast cancer.

Objective.—

To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of intraoperative LN assessment via TP and examine potential causes of discrepancies along with the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic parameters in the NAS and non-neoadjuvant setting (NNAS).

Design.—

A total of 99 LNs from 47 neoadjuvant patients and 108 LNs from 56 non-neoadjuvant patients were identified. Discordant cases were reviewed retrospectively to reveal the discrepancy reasons. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data were obtained from chart review and the pathology CoPath database.

Results.—

The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of TP in NAS and NNAS were 34.2% versus 37.5%, 100% versus 100%, and 70.9% versus 90.2%, respectively. In NAS, discrepancy reasons were interpretation challenge due to lobular histotype, poor TP quality secondary to therapy-induced histomorphologic changes, and undersampling due to small tumor deposits (≤2 mm); the latter was the major reason in NNAS. More cases with macrometastasis were missed in NAS compared to NNAS (14 of 25 versus 1 of 10). The parameters associated with discrepancy were lobular histotype, histologic grade 2, estrogen receptor positivity, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negativity, multifocality, and pathologic tumor size greater than 10 mm in NAS; and lymphovascular space involvement and pathologic tumor size greater than 20 mm in NNAS.

Conclusions.—

In NAS, intraoperative TP alone should be used very cautiously owing to a high false-negative rate of macrometastasis, especially for patients with invasive lobular carcinoma and known axillary LN metastasis before neoadjuvant therapy.
The Economy of Certainty
Authors: Zysow Aron
Published: May 2022

Aron Zysow's 1984 PhD dissertation, "The Economy of Certainty," remains the most important, compelling, and intellectually ambitious treatment of Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh) in Western scholarship to date. It continues to be widely read and cited, and remains unsurpassed in its incisive analysis of the most fundamental assumptions of Islamic legal thought. Zysow argues that the great dividing line in Islamic legal thought is between those legal theories that require certainty in every detail of the law and those that will admit probability. The latter were historically dominant and include the leading legal schools that have survived to our own day. Zahirism and, for much of its history, Twelver Shi'ism, are examples of the former. The well-known dispute regarding the legitimacy of juridical analogy is only one feature of this fundamental epistemological division, since probability can enter the law in the process of authenticating prophetic traditions and in the interpretation of the revealed texts, as well as through analogy. The notion of consensus in Islamic legal theory functioned to reintroduce some measure of certainty into the law by identifying one of the competing probable solutions as correct. Consequently consensus has only a reduced role, if any, in those systems that reject probability. Another, more radical, means of regaining certainty was the doctrine that regarded the legal reasoning of all qualified jurists on matters of probability as infallible. The development of legal theories of both types, that of Zahirism no less than that of Hanafism, was to a large extent shaped by theology and, most significantly, by Mu'tazilism, and subsequently by Ash'arism and Maturidism. Zysow's important work is published here in full, for the first time, with updated references and some further reflections by the author.
Diferencias según el género en los intereses académico-profesionales ¿persisten los estereotipos?
Authors: Rodríguez-Esteban Agustín , Padín García Alesánder
Published: May 2022

Las diferencias encontradas entre hombres y mujeres en la elección del área de estudio, que derivan en una posterior segregación ocupacional, preocupan a las instituciones tanto por sus consecuencias a nivel personal como por su impacto en el mercado de trabajo. Las principales teorías que explican estas diferencias han puesto el énfasis en los intereses vocacionales y en las variables asociadas a los mismos, especialmente la autoeficacia. La literatura ha constatado que los estereotipos de género condicionan la formación de estos intereses y explican, en gran medida, la segregación ocupacional actual. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue identificar diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las variables que conforman la elección académico-profesional. Se ha tratado de conocer, también, la posible persistencia de estereotipos vinculados a la actividad profesional en los estudiantes. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Áreas de Intereses Básicos Académico Profesionales (CIBAP) y un cuestionario ad hoc a una muestra de 112 alumnos de secundaria. Los resultados revelaron dos perfiles diferenciados en hombres y mujeres respecto a los intereses, motivaciones y creencias de autoeficacia. Las mujeres muestran un mayor interés por las disciplinas relacionadas con la salud, expresan una mayor motivación de ayuda a los demás y manifiestan creencias de autoeficacia más bajas, especialmente en áreas vocacionales con fuerte presencia masculina. Además, los resultados apuntan a la persistencia de ciertos estereotipos de género en los jóvenes. Se plantea una intervención activa y dialógica desde la orientación académico-profesional dirigida a toda la comunidad educativa.
Learning Itineraries to Work "Mathematic Probability" with Future Teachers in an Online Scenario with Deck.Toys Tool
Authors: Orcos Palma Lara , Jiménez Hernández Cristina , Magreñán Ruiz Ángel Alberto
Published: May 2022

The work of Probability from the Compulsory Secondary Education stage and during the Baccalaureate is not generally contextualised and is, mainly, based on the rote learning of formulas. Therefore, when students arrive at university, a significant lack of knowledge related to the calculation of probabilities is evident. Teachers have to advocate for classroom strategies that help students to achieve lasting and contextualized learning and, even more, in areas such as Probability. This paper presents the design of a didactic proposal based on the use of gamified learning itineraries utilizing Deck.Toys digital tool for the learning of Probability in a sample of students of the Primary Education Degree who worked on an online environment. For this analysis, the outcomes obtained in two tests, initial and final, are collected in an experimental group that has used the tool and compared with those of a control group that worked in a traditional way. Moreover, the data of a survey of the evaluation of the user experience was also analysed. The results gained have been very satisfactory, the tests of comparison of means in the post-test shows a significant difference of 2.704 points more in the experimental group, taking into account that both groups were homogeneous. Likewise, the results of the satisfaction survey have been positive in terms of improving the understanding of both the procedures and the concepts involved on time management since students have been able to work at their own rhythm in an efficient way.
The Role of Metacognitive Strategies in Blended Learning: Study Habits and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Ortega-Ruipérez Beatriz
Published: May 2022

Metacognitive strategies are essential, as they allow the learning process to be self-managed. This is especially important in higher education and blended learning because it requires greater independence. This study aims to determine the importance of metacognitive strategies as regards both study habits and reading comprehension in blended learning. For this purpose, metacognitive strategies are used through a digital tool in a blended learning context. SRSI-SR test was used to assess study habits and ARATEX-R was used to assess text reading before and after a master’s degree course. The study sample included 112 students from various disciplines; half of them used the tool as part of the research group, and the other half did not use it as part of the control group. The results show that the use of the metacognitive strategies has particularly facilitated the organization of the task regarding study habits. In reading comprehension, metacognitive strategies especially promoted motivation management, comprehension assessment, and planning. It is concluded that the use of metacognitive strategies has proven to be significantly effective, so these findings suggest the inclusion of metacognitive strategies in blended learning in order to improve study habits and reading comprehension in students and, thus, improve their learning outcomes. The conclusions obtained allow us to broaden our scientific knowledge about how these strategies influence learning.
Método basado en Educación 4.0 para mejorar el aprendizaje: lecciones aprendidas de la COVID-19
Authors: Fidalgo-Blanco Ángel , Sein-Echaluce María Luisa , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: May 2022

La educación 4.0 es un modelo que permite satisfacer las demandas de la Industria 4.0. Esto se consigue desarrollando competencias durante el proceso de aprendizaje que posteriormente se utilizarán en la Industria 4.0. El modelo estructural propuesto en este trabajo tiene cuatro componentes: infraestructuras Cloud Computing (aplicadas en período de confinamiento COVID-19), metodologías activas híbridas (aplicables en modalidad de enseñanza presencial, online y mixto), tecnologías (a través de un ecosistema tecnológico) y competencias 4.0. horizontales. La adquisición de estas competencias se ha obtenido integrando la metodología activa híbrida con las tecnologías. En la experiencia llevada a cabo el alumnado ha utilizado, de forma cooperativa, competencias 4.0 como identificar, buscar, evaluar, recuperar, crear y utilizar conocimiento durante el proceso de aprendizaje. Así mismo, el alumnado ha diseñado el sistema tecnológico que clasifica y gestiona todo el conocimiento creado. Los resultados medidos demuestran que con el modelo de Educación 4.0 propuesto se han obtenido mejoras en los resultados de aprendizaje y se ha favorecido el aprendizaje entre iguales. La aplicación de las competencias 4.0 ha generado un producto 4.0 que es el sistema de gestión de conocimiento para clasificar, organizar y utilizar todo el conocimiento producido por el propio alumnado a través de su experiencia de aprendizaje en una asignatura académica.
La Inteligencia Artificial como recurso educativo durante la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Ayuso del Puerto Desirée , Gutiérrez Esteban Prudencia
Published: May 2022

La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) se presenta como una tecnología emergente que facilita la personalización del aprendizaje y prepara a la juventud para un cambiante mercado laboral marcado por nuevos requerimientos sociales. Este trabajo describe cómo se diseñó y desarrolló una formación virtual destinada a ampliar el conocimiento sobre la IA de 76 profesores en formación inicial que cursaban la asignatura TIC aplicadas a la Educación del Grado de Infantil de la Universidad de Extremadura. A través de un enfoque mixto, se analizan las respuestas ofrecidas por las participantes en el cuestionario diseñado ad hoc para este estudio y en su propio porfolio digital. Para las preguntas cerradas, de escala Likert, se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos y para las preguntas abiertas, se utilizó la técnica de análisis cualitativa de codificación. Los resultados revelan que el alumnado percibe que la IA tiene un impacto positivo en el aprendizaje y se ven capacitadas para diseñar sus propios recursos educativos si cuentan con el apoyo y acompañamiento del profesorado universitario. Finalmente, consideramos que es necesario revisar los planes docentes de las asignaturas del Grado de Educación Infantil para que contemplen el uso de la IA en el diseño del proceso de enseñanza del profesorado en formación inicial.
Digitalización de la Universidad por Covid-19: impacto en el aprendizaje y factores psicosociales de los estudiantes
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez José-María , Hinojo-Lucena Francisco-Javier , Aznar-Díaz Inmaculada , Gómez-García Gerardo
Published: May 2022

El ámbito académico se ha visto especialmente afectado por la Covid-19 debido a las limitaciones de movilidad y distanciamiento social por el aumento de contagios durante las diversas olas sucedidas en España, lo cual ha provocado la digitalización de la enseñanza en la mayoría de universidades españolas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de la Covid-19 en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios de Andalucía, y como se han visto influenciadas las variables psicosociales (miedo a la Covid-19, satisfacción con la vida, estrés, incertidumbre), de aprendizaje (estrategias de aprendizaje, motivación, tiempo y hábitos de estudio, condiciones facilitadoras, autorregulación) y los factores sociodemográficos (sexo, edad, curso, domicilio, beca, futuro laboral, movilidad, abandono). Para ello, se aplicó un diseño de estudio transversal a partir de la distribución de una encuesta en línea. En el estudio participaron un total de 1873 estudiantes universitarios, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 59 años (M = 22,42; DT = 4,45). Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que: 1) la pandemia ha afectado de forma distinta a los estudiantes según el estrato de población a la que pertenecían; 2) ha habido un aumento en los niveles de estrés e incertidumbre que afecta a la salud mental de los estudiantes; 3) el abandono académico es un factor que ha estado y está presente durante la incidencia de la pandemia; 4) el aprendizaje se ha visto afectado por la pandemia debido al miedo e incertidumbre que ha incidido de forma significativa en la motivación y autorregulación de los estudiantes. Finalmente, se discuten las futuras líneas de investigación de este trabajo, destacando la riqueza de los datos obtenidos para avanzar en el conocimiento sobre el impacto de la Covid-19 en el aprendizaje universitario.
The Aesthetics of OER, Deaf Pedagogy, and Curriculum Design Contra the “Wicked” Policy of Deaf Education
Authors: Weber Joanne , Skyer Michael
Published: May 2022

Designing inclusive education for deaf learners is a complex dilemma affecting multiple spheres and agents. In the US and Canada, despite considerable work by students, parents, educators, school administrators, curriculum developers, and lawmakers to address education policy about deaf bilingual literacy, the provision of deaf education through open access educational resources is a wicked problem exacerbated by gaps in curriculum and pedagogy. Despite increasingly hypermodern technologies and mandated early assessment, most deaf high schoolers in North America have unsatisfactory literacy skills (Qi & Mitchell, 2012). To better manage this “wicked problem,” involving policy, pedagogical methods, and curriculum design, we explore how aesthetic forms of knowledge and deaf positive design operations are used in conjunction with Open Educational Resources (OER). We reviewed the literature and constructed a novel framework about OER and e-books in deaf education. The synthesis generated three key takeaways that assisted our understanding of the complex issue. We presented our new framework alongside structured questions to 382 attendees hailing from 20 nations at the WUN/UNESCO Conference (2021, October), focused on inclusive and open access education technologies. We empirically analyzed this rich corpus using qualitative coding and represented our findings using a multipart Ecocycle Model. Following basic analysis, we describe four broader implications for deaf education research about teaching and curriculum using OER and e-book materials. Our analysis shows that deaf curriculum design is an educational problem embedded in a larger policy debate concerning methods and philosophies of pedagogy.
valores humanos y humanistas de Aonio Paleario
Authors: García Fernández José
Published: May 2022

Fully committed to supporting equal rights and promoting an alternative model of masculinity, the humanist Aonio Paleario published Dell’economia o vero del governo della casa (1555) to give an account of his progressive values and his initiatives to defend equal rights of women. Attentive to this philogynous testimony key to the Querelle des femmes, the article presents the anthropological and cultural characteristics typical of the male and female groups in 500-year-old Italian –and especially Tuscan– society, paying particular attention to ‘moral obligations’ of men and women in the sixteenth century. To this end, a critical reading and philological analysis of Paleario’s literary work is carried out. Thanks to this methodological approach, it can be concluded that, misogyny notwithstanding, dialogue and negotiation is still possible, women do have a voice of their own, and social order can be reversed on an equal footing.

Firme en su compromiso por la paridad de género y promotor de un modelo alternativo de masculinidad, el humanista Aonio Paleario publicó Dell’economia o vero del governo della casa (1555) para dar cuenta de sus valores progresistas y de sus iniciativas en defensa de las mujeres. Atentos a este testimonio filógino clave para la Querelle des femmes, este artículo presenta las particularidades antropológicas y culturales propias del colectivo masculino y femenino en la sociedad italiana –y, en especial, en la toscana– quinientista, aunque deteniéndonos con especial atención en las “obligaciones morales” de los hombres y las mujeres del siglo XVI. Para ello se hace una lectura crítica y análisis filológico de la obra de Paleario, de manera que, gracias a este enfoque metodológico, se puede concluir cómo, muy a pesar de la misoginia, aún es posible dialogar, darles voz a las mujeres y revertir el orden social establecido en pie de igualdad.
La defensa del matrimonio desde la óptica femenina en el Dialogo della dignità delle donne de Sperone Speroni
Authors: Martín Clavijo Milagro
Published: May 2022

Throughout the sixteenth century, many authors have written treatises in which the role of women in marriage is considered from different perspectives. However, there are far less texts in which it is the woman herself who defends the institution of marriage and her role in it. This article analyzes the feminine voice and her vision of marriage based primarily on Sperone Speroni’s dialogue Della Dignità delle donne, in relation to another contemporary dialogue with a female protagonist, Colloquy Marriage by Erasmus of Rotterdam. These texts will be confronted with other writings in which male voices advocate marriage. The objective is to study the different strategies used by women to guarantee themselves a place in this new social order based upon family and, therefore, on marriage.

A lo largo del siglo XVI no son pocos los autores que escriben tratados en los que se aborda el papel de la mujer en el matrimonio desde distintas perspectivas. Sin embargo, son muchos menos los textos en los que es la propia mujer la que defiende la institución matrimonial y su función en ella. En este artículo se analiza la voz femenina y su visión del matrimonio a partir fundamentalmente del diálogo de Sperone Speroni Della Dignità delle donne que se pondrá en relación con otro diálogo contemporáneo y con protagonismo femenino, Matrimonio de Erasmo de Rotterdam. Estos dos textos se confrontan a su vez con otras obras en las que son voces masculinas las que abogan por el matrimonio. El objetivo es estudiar las distintas estrategias que utilizan las mujeres para asegurarse un puesto en este nuevo orden social que sienta sus bases en la familia y, por tanto, en el matrimonio.
La descriptio mulieris en la obra de Agnolo Firenzuola: parodia y transgresión
Authors: Velázquez-García Sara , García-Pérez María-Isabel
Published: May 2022

In the 16th century the Florentine writer Agnolo Firenzuola published Dialogo delle bellezze delle donne, a work considered one of the most important treatises on feminine beauty of Renaissance by some scholars; Elizabeth Cropper (1976) describes it in fact as a complete exposition of feminine ideal beauty between the multiple treatises written at the time on the subject. However, some years after the publication of this work, the author himself published the chapter “Sopra le bellezze della sua innamorata” included in the collective work Le opere burlesche (1548) in which he breaks in some way with the ideas initially presented in his treatise. In “Sopra le bellezze della sua innamorata” Firenzuola transgresses the Petrarchan canon parodying that ideal of feminine beauty; he subverts –in a burlesque tone– the presumed ideal characteristics of the beautiful female body. The article aims to confront both texts to analyze the evolution of the author’s ideas regarding the concept of women’s beauty.

El escritor florentino Agnolo Firenzuola publicó en el siglo XVI Dialogo delle bellezze delle donne, obra considerada por algunos estudiosos uno de los tratados más importantes sobre la belleza femenina del Renacimiento, Elizabeth Cropper lo describe concretamente como una completa exposición de la belleza del ideal femenino entre los múltiples tratados escritos en la época sobre el particular. Sin embargo, algunos años después de la publicación de esta obra, el propio autor publicó el capítulo “Sopra le bellezze della sua innamorata” incluido en la obra colectiva Le opere burlesche (1548) en el que rompe de alguna manera con las ideas inicialmente presentadas en su tratado. En “Sopra le bellezze della sua innamorata” transgrede el canon petrarquista parodiando ese ideal de belleza femenina, en un tono burlesco subvierte las características supuestamente idóneas del hermoso cuerpo femenino. El artículo pretende confrontar ambos textos para analizar la evolución de las ideas del autor sobre el concepto de belleza muliebre.
O refrán das cantigas galego-portuguesas: variación e edición
Authors: Ferreiro Manuel
Published: May 2022

The presence of a refrain is observed throughout most of the text corpus of Galician-Portuguese cantiga poetry (especially among the cantigas de amigo) and is generally characterised by repetition of the same verse (or combination of verses) in each strophe. Analysis of the manuscript, however, reveals a number of differences between refrains that contradict this rule. The aim of this article is to present a preliminary manuscript analysis of spelling, phonetic, linguistic and stylistic variation in the refrains of medieval Galician troubadour poetry, and to expose the (questionable) tendency among most editions to standardise these differences.

O refrán das cantigas galego-portuguesas, con presenza maioritaria no corpus textual, nomeadamente no xénero de amigo, caracterízase, aparentemente, pola súa repetición íntegra en todas as estrofas; non obstante, os manuscritos ofrecen con certa frecuencia mudanzas que contrastan con esa esperada reiteración literal.

Este artigo visa realizar unha primeira aproximación á variación (gráfico-fonética, lingüística, estilística…) que se rexistra nos refráns das cantigas trobadorescas, oculta en numerosas ocasións polo (discu­tíbel) apagamento que se produce na maioría das edicións da lírica profana galego-portuguesa.
Trastullo delle donne di Faustino Perisauli da Tredozio: un unicum nella Querelle des femmes
Authors: Cerrato Daniele
Published: May 2022

The aim of our study is to analyse Faustino Perisauli’s Il Trastullo delle donne within the Querelle des Femmes. Perisauli's poem in octaves, which is a response to the misogynist text Sonaglio delle donne composed by Bernardo Giambullari, is one of the few examples of compositions in verse within the debate on female dignity that had already been developed in the fourteenth century with texts such as Ahi lasso che li boni e li malvagi de Guittone d'Arezzo. Following his example, Perisauli proclaimed himself an advocate of the female sex and refuted some of the prejudices and accusations addressed to women. He introduces a whole series of arguments that would also be used by the 16th-century “defenders of women” in their dialogues and by the women writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Addressing his antagonist to all men in general, the author of the Trastullo thus seems to propose in his text, albeit in a playful manner, a different model of masculinity.

L’obiettivo del nostro studio è analizzare Il Trastullo delle donne di Faustino Perisauli all’interno della Querelle des Femmes. Il poemetto in ottave di Perisauli che costituisce la risposta al testo misogino Sonaglio delle donne composto da Bernardo Giambullari rappresenta uno dei pochi esempi di composizioni in versi nell’ambito del dibattito sulla dignità femminile già sviluppatosi nel Trecento con testi come “Ahi lasso che li boni e li malvagi” de Guittone d’Arezzo. Seguendo il suo esempio, Perisauli si autoproclama paladino del sesso femminile e confuta alcuni dei pregiudizi e delle accuse rivolte alle donne. Introduce tutta una serie di argomenti di cui si serviranno anche i “difensori delle donne” cinquecenteschi nei loro dialoghi e le trattatiste del Cinquecento e del Seicento. Rivolgendosi al suo antagonista ma a tutti gli uomini in generale l’autore del Trastullo sembra dunque proporre nel suo testo seppur in maniera giocosa, un modello differente di mascolinità.

L’obiettivo del nostro studio è analizzare Il Trastullo delle donne di Faustino Perisauli all’interno della Querelle des Femmes. Il poemetto in ottave di Perisauli che costituisce la risposta al testo misogino Sonaglio delle donne composto da Bernardo Giambullari rappresenta uno dei pochi esempi di composizioni in versi nell’ambito del dibattito sulla dignità femminile già sviluppatosi nel Trecento con testi come “Ahi lasso che li boni e li malvagi” de Guittone d’Arezzo. Seguendo il suo esempio, Perisauli si autoproclama paladino del sesso femminile e confuta alcuni dei pregiudizi e delle accuse rivolte alle donne. Introduce tutta una serie di argomenti di cui si serviranno anche i “difensori delle donne” cinquecenteschi nei loro dialoghi e le trattatiste del Cinquecento e del Seicento. Rivolgendosi al suo antagonista ma a tutti gli uomini in generale l’autore del Trastullo sembra dunque proporre nel suo testo seppur in maniera giocosa, un modello differente di mascolinità.