bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous dynamical decoupling utilizing time‐dependent detuning
Authors: Cohen I. , Aharon N. , Retzker A.
Published: November 2016

Resilience to noise and to decoherence processes is an important ingredient for the implementation of quantum information processing, and quantum technologies. To this end, techniques such as pulsed and continuous dynamical decoupling have been proposed to reduce noise effects. In this paper, we suggest a new approach to implementing continuous dynamical decoupling techniques, that uses an extra control parameter; namely, the ability to shape the time dependence of the detuning. This approach reduces the complexity of the experimental setup, such that we are only left with noise originating from the frequency of the driving field, which is much more robust than the amplitude (Rabi frequency) noise. As an example, we show that our technique can be utilized for improved sensing.
Light‐driven topochemical polymerization under organogel conditions of a symmetrical dipeptide–diacetylene system
Authors: Mazzier Daniela , Mosconi Dario , Marafon Giulia , Reheman Aikebaier , Toniolo Claudio , Moretto Alessandro
Published: November 2016

A symmetrical dipeptide‐based diacetylene system (DAs) was found to be able to self‐assemble in dichloromethane and to form a compact fiber network which resulted in a stable organogel. As a consequence of the organogel formation, we explored the possibility to run a light‐induced topochemical polymerization. This is a typical reaction of ordered diacetylene moieties taking advantage from their organized packing mode resulting from fiber formation. Evidence for the generation of peptide‐based polydiacetylenes is provided by Raman, UV–Vis, and CD spectroscopies and a set of microscopic techniques. Finally, we succeeded in processing a polymeric composite by use of the electrospinning technique, starting from a mixture of a dipeptide‐based diacetylene and polymethyl methacrylate. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slow decay of a defect‐related emission band at 2.05 eV in AlN: Signatures of oxygen‐related DX states
Authors: Lamprecht M. , Grund C. , Bauer S. , Collazo R. , Sitar Z. , Thonke K.
Published: November 2016

We report on a defect‐related broad emission band at around 2.05 eV in bulk aluminum nitride crystals nominally undoped, but containing high concentrations of carbon, oxygen, and silicon. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy yields two different exponential decays of this band: A slower process with 1.5 ms lifetime, and a faster process with a characteristic lifetime below 100 ns, which is activated with around 180 meV energy. The slow decay is ascribed to a spin‐forbidden transition between an oxygen‐related state and a deep acceptor, which for higher temperatures turns into a donor‐acceptor pair transition between the effective‐mass‐like shallow oxygen donor state to the same deep acceptor. The acceptor is tentatively assigned to carbon or a carbon‐related complex.
Theoretical investigation on the spectroscopic properties of furylfulgide with different substituents and design of novel bis‐furylfulgimide photochromes
Authors: Liu Xian‐He , Zhao Zeng‐Xia , Zhang Wei , Yin Ting‐Ting , Zhang Hong‐Xing
Published: November 2016

Density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory were employed to theoretically analyze the effect of different substituents on the spectroscopic properties of furylfulgide. The result shows that the absorption spectra of ring‐closed isomer which substituted by an electron‐donating group (NH2) at the R3‐position of furylfulgide has an evident bathochromic shift compared with the others. Due to the steric hindrance effect, the difference of absorption wavelength was evidently enlarged by introducing several representative electron‐withdrawing groups at the R6‐position of furylfulgide. In addition, we also designed a series of novel dimers which combined two furylfulgimide monomers into one new molecule. The relevant frontier molecular orbitals, energy levels and absorption properties were analyzed in detail by the calculation of low‐lying excited states. Finally, taking BFF‐6 (bis‐furylfulgimide) for an example, we discussed the transformation mechanism of four stable isomers in the toluene solution. Our conclusions manifest that the asymmetrical BFF‐6 can act as a potential multifunctional molecular switch in consideration of its distinguishable absorption bands and reversible conversion process. We hope that this research will be beneficial to design more practical and efficient molecular switch for further applications.
BROMETH: Methodology to design safe reconfigurable medical robotic systems
Authors: Ben Salem Mohamed Oussama , Mosbahi Olfa , Khalgui Mohamed , Jlalia Zied , Frey Georg , Smida Mahmoud
Published: November 2016

Background

This research paper deals with the development of a medical robotized control system for supracondylar humeral fracture treatment. Concurrent access to shared resources and applying reconfiguration scenarios can jeopardize the safety of the system.

Methods

A new methodology is proposed in this paper, termed BROMETH, to guarantee the safety of such critical systems from their specification to their deployment, and passing through certification and implementation. The solution is applied to a real case study named Browser‐based Reconfigurable Orthopedic Surgery (abbrev. BROS), a robotized platform dedicated to the treatment of supracondylar fractures, to illustrate the paper's contribution. This work starts from a medical issue, namely supracondylar humeral fracture treatment, to establish a new informatics solution, namely a new methodology to design safe reconfigurable medical robotic systems.

Results

The results of the experiments performed on real SCH fracture radiographies were quite satisfactory.

Conclusions

Clinical experiments can then be performed after deploying the system on real hardware.
Distributed model‐independent consensus of Euler–Lagrange agents on directed networks
Authors: Ye Mengbin , Anderson Brian D.O. , Yu Changbin
Published: November 2016

This paper proposes a distributed model‐independent algorithm to achieve leaderless consensus on a directed network where each fully‐actuated agent has self‐dynamics described by Euler–Lagrange equations of motion. Specifically, we aim to achieve consensus of the generalised coordinates with zero generalised velocity. We show that on a strongly connected graph, a model‐independent algorithm can achieve the consensus objective at an exponential rate if an upper bound on the initial conditions is known a priori. By model‐independent, we mean that each agent can execute the algorithm with no knowledge of the equations describing the self‐dynamics of any agent. For design of the control laws which achieve consensus, a control gain scalar and a control gain matrix are required to satisfy several inequalities involving bounds on the matrices of the agent dynamic model, bounds on the Laplacian matrix describing the network topology and the set of initial conditions; design of the algorithm therefore requires some knowledge on the bounds of the agent dynamical parameters. Because only bounds are required, the proposed algorithm offers robustness to uncertainty in the parameters of the multiagent system. We systematically show that additional relative velocity information improves the performance of the controller. Numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals: Results and Perspectives
Authors: Krotkov Eric , Hackett Douglas , Jackel Larry , Perschbacher Michael , Pippine James , Strauss Jesse , Pratt Gill , Orlowski Christopher
Published: November 2016

The DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) program conducted a series of prize‐based competition events to develop and demonstrate technology for disaster response. This article provides the official and definitive account of DRC Finals as the culmination of the DRC program. The article details the eight tasks (Drive, Egress, Door, Valve, Wall, Surprise [Plug and Switch], Rubble [Obstacle or Debris], and Stairs) constituting the Challenge, and describes how the competition encouraged supervised autonomous operation by intentionally degrading the communications channel between the remote human operators. The article presents the results of the DRC Finals and places those results in perspective by identifying both strengths and weaknesses of robot performance exhibited at the competition.
Choline‐Based Ionic Liquids: Improvement of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Siopa Filipa , Figueiredo Teresa , Frade Raquel F. M. , Neto Iris , Meirinhos Ana , Reis Catarina P. , Sobral Rita G. , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Rijo Patrícia
Published: November 2016

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern. The choline‐based ionic liquids (ILs) have raised particular attention in the design of “greener” ILs and can exert a broad‐spectrum of antimicrobial activity. To improve antimicrobial chemotherapy, we herein tested the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of a wide range of choline‐based ILs. Two series of compounds were synthesized ‐dimethylethanolamine monoquaternary ammonium salts (Series A) and ‐methyl diethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine monoquaternary ammonium salts (Series B). The antimicrobial screening revealed that compounds N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl‐1‐tetradecanaminium bromide ([N1,1,14,2(OH)]Br), N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl‐1‐hexadecanaminium bromide ([N1,1,16,2(OH)]Br) and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl‐1‐octadecanaminium bromide ([N1,1,18,2(OH)]Br) are potent antimicrobial agents. The presence of a hydroxyethyl group and as mention previously in the literature, the C14 to C16 linker in a choline compound improves the antimicrobial activity and lowers the cytotoxic properties of this class of compounds.
Suppress the Charge Recombination in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells by Construct the Al–treated TiO2/TiO2 NRAs Heterojunctions
Authors: Qiu Qingqing , Zhao Liwei , Li Shuo , Wang Dejun , Xu Lingling , Lin Yanhong , Xie Tengfeng
Published: November 2016

There are many paths of recombination at the TiO2/CdS/electrolyte interface. It is important to reduce the recombination rate of charges to improve the photoelectric properties of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). In this paper, the TiO2 nanowire arrays (TiO2 NRAs) has been modified with Al‐treated TiO2 layer by sol‐gel method to construct the Al‐treated TiO2/TiO2 NRAs heterojunctions. The analysis results reveal that the Fermi level of the TiO2 has changed after being modified by Al‐treated TiO2 layer, which could form the interface electric field. The SPV, TPV and the TPC are applied to analyze the mechanism of photogenerated charge recombination. Due to the interface electric field, the SPV indicates that the separation efficiency of charge is improved; the TPV shows that the recombination of the photogenerated electrons with holes would be suppressed; and the TPC illustrates that the recombination of the photogenerated electrons with holes and electrolyte is reduced. And, the lifetime of the photo‐generated electrons is prolonged. Consequently, the QDSCs based on TiO2 NRAs photoelectrodes modified by the Al‐treated TiO2 layer exhibit a maximal solar energy conversion efficiency of 2.58 %, which is 45 % higher than that of the TiO2 NRAs photoelectrode. Finally, our method of modifying photoanode exhibits a route to restrain the charge recombination and prolong the lifetime of photo‐generated electrons, which shows a tremendous potential for the photoelectrochemical fields.
Triglycerides Transesterification Reactions under Ultrasounds
Authors: Shinde Kiran , Kaliaguine Serge
Published: November 2016

Examples of triglyceride transesterification reactions by small alcohols such as ethanol, butanol and glycerol are used to illustrate the significance of cavitation in ultrasound assisted reactions. It was shown that minor addition of a compound with low vapor tension in the reaction conditions results in significant enhancements in reaction rate by promoting cavitation.
Optoelectronic Properties of Layered Titanate Nanostructure and Polyaniline Impregnated Devices
Authors: Vempati Sesha , Ertas Yelda , Babu V. Jagadeesh , Uyar Tamer
Published: November 2016

Integrated structure of titanate nanotubes and nanosheets is investigated for their optical, electronic and optoelectronic properties when combined with HCl doped polyaniline (PANI). HR‐TEM, SEM and XRD were employed for detailed morphological and microstructural understanding of the orthorhombic titanate nanostructure. Chemisorbed oxygeneous groups are probed with Raman spectroscopy which are found to desorb under UV‐Vis treatment. We note a blue shift of Ti‐O‐Ti Raman frequency in contrast to Na‐O‐Ti stretching. Valence band region of titanate is analyzed for contribution of O2p, O2s, Na2p and Ti3p. Photoluminescence with different excitation energies revealed the presence of oxygen vacancy related defects in titanate. The highly occupied electronic states of PANI were also analyzed until 40 eV below the Fermi energy. XPS core‐level analyses revealed ∼25 % doping density in PANI. Edges of valence band and HOMO are determined to be at 2.45 eV and 2.54 eV below Fermi energy for titanate and PANI, respectively. ITO/PANI/ITO has depicted negative photoresponse and the magnitude of which is reduced ∼4 times after combining with titanate nanostructure. Essentially the nanoscale architecture separates the emeraldine base and salt regions of PANI. This separation channelizes the charge carriers before trapping which reduces the magnitude of the negative photoresponse.
Imine‐Linked Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of HSO4− Ions in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Billing Beant K. , Agnihotri Prabhat K. , Singh Narinder
Published: November 2016

Imine linked dipodal organic receptor R1 has been synthesized and well characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. R1 showed interesting potential for anion recognition. Its sensing ability has been evaluated by processing R1 into organic nanoparticles (ONPs). ONPs of R1 were developed using re‐precipitation method. ONPs were first characterized using Dynamic light scattering (DLS) to estimate average size distribution of particles and then confirmed from Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, ONPs were examined for their electrochemical behaviour using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry particularly in aqueous medium. ONPs were evaluated for binding test with various tetra butyl ammonium salts of anion and found to be selective towards HSO4− ions. Detection limit was found to be 8.2nM and regression coefficient equal to 0.982. ONPs behave selectively towards HSO4− ions even in the presence of competitive anions. Optical properties of ONPs were also examined. UV‐Visible and Fluorescence spectrophotometer showed significant change when TBA HSO4− ions were added to it. Prepared sensor was incorported for real sample containing HSO4− ions and results showed accuracy as high as 95 %.
Cyclopalladated Azo–linked Porous Polymers in C–C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Xu Chao , Afewerki Samson , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Córdova Armando , Hedin Niklas
Published: November 2016

We designed a new cyclopalladated porous polymer (cyclo‐Pd(II)/PP‐2) with up to 20.7 wt% of Pd and investigated it as a heterogeneous catalyst for C–C bond‐forming transformations. It was also shown to be an effective scavenger for Pd2+ in solution. The palladacycles formed along the backbone of the azo‐linked porous polymer (PP‐2) with (Pd–N) and (Pd–C) bonds as were confirmed by a combination of spectroscopies. The cyclo‐Pd(II)/PP‐2 decomposed when used for Suzuki and Heck cross‐coupling reactions, and acyclic‐Pd/PP‐2 formed with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) bound to the PP‐2. The Suzuki couplings were highly efficient in water and exhibited excellent recyclability. The cyclo‐Pd(II)/PP‐2 was also an effective heterogeneous Lewis‐acid catalyst for stereoselective carbocyclization reactions.
Reversing the Photocatalytic Activity Orders of Anatase TiO2 Facets by Surface Treatment
Authors: Lei Yanqiang , Lu Xiaoqing
Published: November 2016

Although the photocatalytic activities of the different facets of anatase TiO2 have been investigated extensively, controversies still abound in the photocatalytic orders of the facets. In the present work, we investigated the photocatalytic activity of different facets of anatase TiO2 treated with different surface treatment methods. The anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with {001} and {101} facets were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using hydrofluoric acid to control the ratio of different facets. The F− ions were removed by two methods: washing with NaOH aqueous solution or calcination. The photocatalytic activities of facets were characterized by dye degradation and the defects on the facets were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results showed that different surface treatment methods could reverse the photocatalytic order of different facets. the calcination could enhance the density of oxygen vacancy on {001} facets and result in a photocatalytic order of {001} > {101}. In contrast, washing with NaOH aqueous solution produced inverse order.
Total Synthesis of the Natural Product (+)‐trans‐Dihydronarciclasine via an Asymmetric Organocatalytic [3+3]‐Cycloaddition and discovery of its potent anti‐Zika Virus (ZIKV) Activity
Authors: Revu Omkar , Zepeda‐Velázquez Carlos , Nielsen Alex J. , McNulty James , Yolken Robert H. , Jones‐Brando Lorraine
Published: November 2016

An asymmetric total synthesis of the natural product (+)‐trans‐dihydronarciclasine has been achieved from α‐azidoacetone and cinnamaldehyde precursors via a stepwise asymmetric [3+3]‐organocatalytic cascade. The anti‐Zika virus activity of this compound is also reported for the first time.
Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Tunable Hierarchical Pores for Drug, Gene, and Photothermal Synergistic Treatment
Authors: Du Xin , Zhao Caixia , Zhou Mengyun , Ma Tianyi , Huang Hongwei , Jaroniec Mietek , Zhang Xueji , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: November 2016

Design and synthesis of porous and hollow carbon spheres have attracted considerable interest in the past decade due to their superior physicochemical properties and widespread applications. However, it is still a big challenge to achieve controllable synthesis of hollow carbon nanospheres with center‐radial large mesopores in the shells and inner surface roughness. Herein, porous hollow carbon nanospheres (PHCNs) are successfully synthesized with tunable center‐radial mesopore channels in the shells and crater‐like inner surfaces by employing dendrimer‐like mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) as hard templates. Compared with conventional mesoporous nanospheres, DMSN templates not only result in the formation of center‐radial large mesopores in the shells, but also produce a crater‐like inner surface. PHCNs can be tuned from open center‐radial mesoporous shells to relatively closed microporous shells. After functionalization with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), PHCNs not only have negligible cytotoxicity, excellent photothermal property, and high coloading capacity of 482 µg of doxorubicin and 44 µg of siRNA per mg, but can also efficiently deliver these substances into cells, thus displaying enhanced cancer cell killing capacity by triple‐combination therapy.
Is geographical location a barrier for echo training? An observational account of 10 student cardiac sonographers' pursuit to achieve accreditation
Authors: Williamson Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Training cardiac sonographers is a lengthy process involving a large commitment of time and resources. By facilitating successful trainee outcomes, accreditation can be achieved in the shortest time possible. The purpose of this observational piece is to highlight potential barriers to the timely completion of cardiac sonographer training leading to accreditation as a medical sonographer.

Methods

Ten trainee cardiac sonographers completed the Practical Echo Training Program between 2007 and 2011. The programme encompasses 154 hours of practical and theoretical training in the performance of adult transthoracic echocardiography (echo). Participants were followed up several years after completion of the programme and the Australian Sonographer Accreditation Registry was consulted online to determine the accreditation status of the participants.

Results

Eight of the participants continue to perform echo in a clinical setting. Four of these work in metropolitan sites and four work in regional sites. Those from metropolitan sites have all been successful in achieving accreditation. The four participants working in regional sites have not achieved accreditation.

Conclusions

Geographical location may be a barrier to achieving accreditation as a medical sonographer. Additional research is required to evaluate further and to investigate other potential barriers.
Measuring the degree of non‐stationarity of a time series
Authors: Das Sourav , Nason Guy P.
Published: November 2016

In time series analysis, there is an extensive literature on hypothesis tests that attempt to distinguish a stationary time series from a non‐stationary one. However, the binary distinction provided by a hypothesis test can be somewhat blunt when trying to determine the degree of non‐stationarity of a time series. This article creates an index that estimates a degree of non‐stationarity. This index might be used, for example, to classify or discriminate between series. Our index is based on measuring the roughness of a statistic estimated from the time series, which is calculated from the roughness penalty associated with a spline smoothing/penalized least‐squares method. We further use a resampling technique to obtain a likely range of index values obtained from a single realization of a time series. We apply our method to ascertain and compare the non‐stationarity index of the well‐known earthquake and explosion data. © 2016 The Authors. Stat Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Verification of flexural buckling according to Eurocode 3 part 1‐1 using bow imperfections
Authors: Lindner Joachim , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Just Adrian
Published: November 2016

The resistance of compression members may be calculated by the design buckling resistance based on the reduction factor χ, which depends on the slenderness, or by the cross‐section resistance based on internal forces according to a second‐order analysis taking into account equivalent initial bow imperfections as well. The second way is especially advantageous in the case of axial forces and bending. Values for equivalent initial bow imperfections are given in codes such as Eurocode 3 [5] or DIN 18800 [4]. For comparison, initial bow imperfections are derived here from the buckling curves for compression members with different cross‐sections, buckling directions and steel grades based on different types of cross‐sectional interaction. The results are discussed and commented with regard to the design of compression members. Furthermore, investigations are carried out for cases of axial compression and bending moments My or Mz. Data available from ultimate load calculations are used for comparison. The consequences for the assumed design verification according to second‐order theory are discussed and a proposal is presented.
Comparative assessment of the design of tubular elements according to offshore design standards and Eurocode 3
Authors: Manco Tiago , Rigueiro Maria Constança , Martins João Pedro , da Silva Luís Simões
Published: November 2016

Steel circular tubular elements are among the most commonly used types of structural element in offshore structures. The objective of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of design standards for offshore structures with a focus on the structural design of these elements. The intention is to reach a conclusion about the level of safety that offshore and construction standards provide regarding the design of tubular circular elements. To this end, the bearing capacity obtained with ISO 19902 and Eurocode 3 (which does not contain specific provisions for offshore structures) parts 1‐1 and 1‐6 will be compared in a broad parametric study. Subsequently, the accuracy and level of safety that ISO and EC3 assume are assessed through numerical analysis using the ABAQUS software. The performance of a set of steel circular tubular elements is evaluated under axial compression and hydrostatic pressure. Finally, the interaction between axial compression and hydrostatic pressure is also analysed.
Experimental and numerical assessment of RHS T‐joints subjected to brace and chord axial forces
Authors: Nizer Adriano , de Lima Luciano R. O. , da S. Vellasco Pedro C. G. , de Andrade Sebastião A. L. , da S. Goulart Evandro , da Silva André T. , da C. Neves Luis F.
Published: November 2016

The demand for the use of hollow section structures in construction has experienced great progress in Brazil, despite being widely used for a long time in Europe and developed countries. The release of a Brazilian Technical Standard specifically for the design of hollow sections confirms this trend, together with the need for increased dissemination and implementation of studies and research to enable a better understanding and development of this technology. This paper presents experimental and numerical evaluations of the influence of chord normal stresses on the behaviour of tubular T‐joints. The experimental programme consisted of six tests applying compressive loads to the brace. These results were compared with the numerical results obtained from a finite element model simulation performed in ANSYS to extend the results to cases with tension forces on the brace. The results were compared with the design provisions in Eurocode 3, Brazilian standard NBR 16239:2013 and ISO 14346. A new equation for the case where compression loads are applied to the chord for n ≤ ‐0.5 is therefore proposed, providing better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.
Circular concrete‐filled dual steel columns with ultrahigh‐strength concrete
Authors: Romero Manuel L. , Albero Vicente , Espinós Ana , Hospitaler Antonio , Pons David , Portolés José M. , Ibañez Carmen
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign in which the buckling resistance of 12 concrete‐filled dual steel columns was ascertained. Whereas some papers in the literature describe investigations into concentrically loaded stub columns with such typology, no investigations of slender columns have been found to date. The tests presented in this paper are the preliminary results of an extensive experimental campaign (28 tests) that analysed the effects of two parameters: strength of concrete (normal‐ and ultrahigh‐strength concrete) and the ratio between the thicknesses of the inner and outer steel tubes. A numerical model was also developed and validated, which helps further investigations. The buckling load of the specimens at room temperature is analysed in terms of the strength of the concrete and the appropriate distribution of the steel in the composite column. By maintaining the same total area of steel, two combinations were initially studied: ”thick outer tube–thin inner tube“ and ”thin outer tube–thick inner tube“. Finally, a discussion about the Eurocode 4 simplified method for composite columns, applied to these innovative specimens, is presented and shows unreliable results. Therefore, further tests would be needed to assess accurately the Eurocode 4 simplified method.
Re‐evaluation of the shear criterion for RHS overlap joints
Authors: Wardenier Jaap , Packer Jeffrey , Puthli Ram , Bijlaard Frans
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with a proposal to revise the effective width terms in the brace shear criterion for overlap joints in rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The background to the design equations in ISO 14346 for the failure modes, brace effective width, chord M‐N interaction and brace shear are described first. That is followed by the relation between overlap joints in circular hollow sections and those in rectangular hollow sections and those with an I‐ or H‐section chord. Finally, it is shown that the effective width terms in the brace shear criterion can – in the case of 100 % overlap joints – be better related to the thickness of the overlapped brace. In the case of smaller overlaps, λov,limit ≤ λov ≤ 100 %, the effective width should also be related to the thickness of the overlapping brace, where λov,limit depends on whether the hidden seam at the toe of the overlapped brace has been welded.
Low-Dose Pesticide Mixture Induces Senescence in Normal Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) and Promotes Tumorigenic Phenotype in Premalignant MSC
Authors: Hochane Mazene , Trichet Valerie , Pecqueur Claire , Avril Pierre , Oliver Lisa , Denis Jerome , Brion Regis , Amiaud Jerome , Pineau Alain , Naveilhan Philippe , Heymann Dominique , Vallette François M. , Olivier Christophe
Published: November 2016

Humans are chronically exposed to multiple environmental pollutants such as pesticides with no significant evidence about the safety of such poly-exposures. We exposed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to very low doses of mixture of seven pesticides frequently detected in food samples for 21 days in vitro. We observed a permanent phenotype modification with a specific induction of an oxidative stress-related senescence. Pesticide mixture also induced a shift in MSC differentiation towards adipogenesis but did not initiate a tumorigenic transformation. In modified MSC in which a premalignant phenotype was induced, the exposure to pesticide mixture promoted tumorigenic phenotype both in vitro and in vivo after cell implantation, in all nude mice. Our results suggest that a common combination of pesticides can induce a premature ageing of adult MSC, and as such could accelerate age-related diseases. Exposure to pesticide mixture may also promote the tumorigenic transformation in a predisposed stromal environment.

Abstract Video Link: https://youtu.be/mfSVPTol-Gk Stem Cells  2017;35:800–811
A multiobjective evaluation method for short‐term hydrothermal scheduling
Authors: Lu Wenling , Hang Naishan
Published: November 2016

Multiobjective short‐term hydrothermal scheduling problems solved by the linear weighted sum method (LWSM) have multiple solutions with different weight coefficients. To compare the solutions of the formulated multiobjective hydrothermal model, we use the Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes (CCR) model of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate all solutions. A set of preference weight vectors is regarded as a decision‐making unit (DMU), and the CCR model is employed with the minimal objective values as the inputs of DMU and the maximal objective values as outputs. Multiple reasonable solutions are obtained through the DEA efficiency of DMUs. Results of simulations imply that the method is feasible to get reasonable solutions in solving multiobjective hydrothermal scheduling problem with LWSM. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spatio‐temporal pseudo relevance feedback for scientific data retrieval
Authors: Takeuchi Shin'ichi , Sugiura Komei , Akahoshi Yuhei , Zettsu Koji
Published: November 2016

We consider the problem of searching scientific data from vast heterogeneous scientific data repositories. This problem is challenging because scientific data contain relatively little text information compared to other search targets such as web pages. On the other hand, the metadata in scientific data contain other characteristic information such as spatio‐temporal information. Although using this information make it possible to improve the search performance, many widely adopted scientific data search engines use this information exclusively for narrowing down search results. In this paper, we propose a novel query generation method using spatial, temporal, and text information based on pseudo relevance feedback. The proposed method generates new spatio‐temporal queries from the initial search results. By using these queries, the search results are reranked such that more related results obtain higher rank. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms a baseline method when search targets do not have rich text information. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
From climate finance toward sustainable development finance
Authors: Steckel Jan Christoph , Jakob Michael , Flachsland Christian , Kornek Ulrike , Lessmann Kai , Edenhofer Ottmar
Published: November 2016

Decarbonizing the global energy system requires large‐scale investment flows, with a central role for international climate finance to mobilize private funds. The willingness to provide international finance in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities was acknowledged by the broad endorsement of the Paris Agreement, and the Green Climate Funds in particular. The international community aims to mobilize at least USD 100 billion per year for mitigation and adaption in developing countries. In this article, we argue that too little attention has been paid on the spending side of climate finance, both in the political as well as the academic debate. To this end, we review the challenges encountered in project‐based approaches of allocating climate finance in the past. In contrast to project‐based finance, we find many advantages to spending climate finance in support of price‐based national policies. First, the support for international climate cooperation is improved when efforts of successively rising domestic carbon pricing levels are compensated. Second, carbon pricing sets incentives for least‐cost mitigation. Third, investing domestic revenues from emission pricing schemes could advance a country's individual development goals and ensure the recipient's ‘ownership’ of climate policies. We conclude that by reconciling the global goal of cost‐efficient mitigation with national policy priorities, climate finance for carbon pricing could become a central pillar of sustainable development and promote international cooperation to achieve the climate targets laid down in the Paris Agreement. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e437. doi: 10.1002/wcc.437

This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change

Climate and Development > Decoupling Emissions from Development
Adaptive joint precoding and pre‐equalization with reduced complexity in massive MIMO systems
Authors: Xiong Du , Peng Wei , Chen Da , Jiang Tao
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a massive multiple input multiple output downlink scenario is considered where the number of users varies in a large dynamic range. An adaptive joint precoding and pre‐equalization with reduced complexity is proposed. Specifically, the successive over‐relaxation method is employed in the pre‐equalization process to avoid the high‐dimensional channel matrix inversion, and a reduced‐length feedback filter is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the precoding. Moreover, an adaptive transceiver structure is proposed to switch on/off the precoding process so that multiple users can be accommodated with the least cost of the computational complexity. Simulation results show that, compared with the traditional scheme, the proposed adaptive joint precoding and pre‐equalization can save about 90% of the computational complexity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tensor decompositions and data fusion in epileptic electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Hunyadi Borbála , Dupont Patrick , Van Paesschen Wim , Van Huffel Sabine
Published: November 2016

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) record a mixture of ongoing neural processes, physiological and nonphysiological noise. The pattern of interest, such as epileptic activity, is often hidden within this noisy mixture. Therefore, blind source separation (BSS) techniques, which can retrieve the activity pattern of each underlying source, are very useful. Tensor decomposition techniques are very well suited to solve the BSS problem, as they provide a unique solution under mild constraints. Uniqueness is crucial for an unambiguous interpretation of the components, matching them to true neural processes and characterizing them using the component signatures. Moreover, tensors provide a natural representation of the inherently multidimensional EEG and fMRI, and preserve the structural information defined by the interdependencies among the various modes such as channels, time, patients, etc. Despite the well‐developed theoretical framework, tensor‐based analysis of real, large‐scale clinical datasets is still scarce. Indeed, the application of tensor methods is not straightforward. Finding an appropriate tensor representation, suitable tensor model, and interpretation are application dependent choices, which require expertise both in neuroscience and in multilinear algebra. The aim of this paper is to provide a general guideline for these choices and illustrate them through successful applications in epilepsy. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1197. doi: 10.1002/widm.1197

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
How to understand atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of RNA and protein–RNA complexes?
Authors: Šponer Jiří , Krepl Miroslav , Banáš Pavel , Kührová Petra , Zgarbová Marie , Jurečka Petr , Havrila Marek , Otyepka Michal
Published: November 2016

We provide a critical assessment of explicit‐solvent atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of RNA and protein/RNA complexes, written primarily for non‐specialists with an emphasis to explain the limitations of MD. MD simulations can be likened to hypothetical single‐molecule experiments starting from single atomistic conformations and investigating genuine thermal sampling of the biomolecules. The main advantage of MD is the unlimited temporal and spatial resolution of positions of all atoms in the simulated systems. Fundamental limitations are the short physical time‐scale of simulations, which can be partially alleviated by enhanced‐sampling techniques, and the highly approximate atomistic force fields describing the simulated molecules. The applicability and present limitations of MD are demonstrated on studies of tetranucleotides, tetraloops, ribozymes, riboswitches and protein/RNA complexes. Wisely applied simulations respecting the approximations of the model can successfully complement structural and biochemical experiments. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1405. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1405

This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Low Temperature Reaction of Molecular Zinc Oxide Precursors in Ionic Liquids Leading to Ionogel Nanoparticles with Shape Anisotropy
Authors: Voggenreiter Markus , Vöpel Pascal , Smarsly Bernd , Polarz Sebastian
Published: November 2016

The majority of particle synthesis methods are based on nucleation and growth processes in solvents. Whereas the role of capping agents has been investigated extensively regarding control particle size and shape, the unique role of the solvent is understood to a much lesser extent. Compared to other polar solvents, e.g. water, ionic liquids (ILs) are unique because their properties can be fine‐tuned precisely by appropriate choice and modification of cation and anion. This makes ILs also interesting for particle synthesis. We present the generation of zinc oxide (ZnO) in imidazolium ILs starting from molecular precursors. A hydrolytic, sol‐gel based synthesis route is suitable to achieve nanocrystalline ZnO. We find by in‐situ synchrotron wide angle X‐ray diffraction that in ILs an unusual ZnO phase with α‐boron nitride structure acts as an intermediate prior to crystallization of the thermodynamically stable Wurtzite. This special mechanism leads to organic‐inorganic hybrid IL/ZnO nanoparticles with plate‐like morphology. Because of the large content of IL embedded in the ZnO matrix the novel particles gain ionogel properties, e.g. ion conductivity probed by impedance spectroscopy.
Health-related quality of life and function in middle-aged individuals with thalidomide embryopathy
Authors: Ghassemi Jahani Shadi A. , Karlsson Jon , Brisby Helena , Danielsson Aina J.
Published: November 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of limb malformations on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and function of the extremities in middle-aged individuals with thalidomide embryopathy (TE). Between 1959 and 1962, approximately 150 children with multiple malformations were born in Sweden following the maternal intake of thalidomide during pregnancy, of whom 100 survived.

Methods

Thirty-one individuals with TE underwent evaluations of musculoskeletal manifestations by clinical examination. Validated questionnaires were used for the assessment of general HRQL [the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the EuroQ Five Dimensions health questionnaire (EQ-5D)]. The function of the upper and lower extremities was evaluated using specific questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale and Rheumatoid and Arthritis Outcome Score, respectively). The lower limbs were evaluated by computed tomography. The median age of the study group was 46 years, and 42% were females. Twenty-five individuals had malformations of the hand, but 27 had a grip function. Five individuals had severe lower limb malformations. Individuals with at least one extremity with major malformation(s) that affected function ( n = 15) were compared with those without ( n = 16).

Results

The physical HRQL for the entire study group [mean 40.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4–45.8], as evaluated by the Physical Composite Score (PCS) of the SF-36, was significantly lower than the national norm value (population-based norm) of 50.0, and the physical HRQL of the subgroup with major limb malformations (15/31) was even lower (mean 34.6, 95% CI 25.9–43.4). The mental aspects of HRQL, based on SF-36 and EQ-5D scores, were not affected in the entire study group or in the subgroups.

Conclusion

The physical quality of life was significantly lower in individuals with TE compared with the general national population, while the mental aspects were not affected.

Level of evidence

IV.
Predictors of Purchase Intention of Luxury South Sea Pearls
Authors: Hart Brian't , Teah Min , Butcher Luke
Published: November 2016

This study aims to gain further insight into the reasons behind the decline in sales of luxury South Sea pearls by exploring the different antecedents of consumers’ purchase intention using the theory of planned behaviour. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using a combination of statistical analysis techniques. Findings showed that attitudes, novelty seeking and self-efficacy are significant predictors of purchase intention, while interpersonal influences are not a significant predictor. This study provides industry practitioners, researchers, policy makers and retailers with new insights into the pearling industry so they are able to better develop products, design branding strategies and form policies which address current consumer behaviour.
The effect of volatility persistence on excess returns
Authors: Jain Ajeet , Strobl Sascha
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we examine the effect of volatility persistence in explaining excess returns in conjunction with established factors. We use an I‐GARCH model to estimate volatility persistence for each company on the NYSE for each year between 1989 and 2014. We find that volatility persistence is significant in explaining excess returns for medium to high turnover portfolios. We also find a similar relationship for portfolios sorted on size. This study tries to disentangle the effects of various information asymmetry aspects in asset pricing and show that not only volatility itself but also its persistence is important in explaining returns.
Light Scattering by Ice Crystals
Authors: Liou Kuo-Nan , Yang Ping
Published: November 2016

This research volume outlines the scientific foundations that are central to our current understanding of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals. It also demonstrates how data from satellite remote sensing of cirrus clouds can be combined with radiation parameterizations in climate models to estimate the role of these clouds in temperature and precipitation responses to climate change. Providing a balanced treatment of the fundamentals and applications, this book synthesizes the authors' own work, as well as that of other leading researchers in this area. Numerous illustrations are included, including three-dimensional schematics, to provide a concise discussion of the subject and enable easy visualization of the key concepts. This book is intended for active researchers and advanced graduate students in atmospheric science, climatology, and remote sensing, as well as scholars in related fields such as ice microphysics, electromagnetic wave propagation, geometric optics, radiative transfer and cloud-climate interactions.
Hollow vortices in shear
Authors: Zannetti Luca , Ferlauto Michele , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G.
Published: November 2016

An analytical method for determining the shape of hollow vortices in shear flows is presented in detail. In a non-dimensional formulation, it is shown that the problem has one degree of freedom represented by the free choice of the non-dimensionalized speed $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ at the boundary of the vortex. The solutions form two families of shapes corresponding to vortex circulation and shear-flow vorticity having the opposite or same sign. When the signs are opposite, the shape family resembles that described by Llewellyn Smith & Crowdy (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 691, 2012, pp. 178–200) for hollow vortices in a potential flow with strain. As for that flow, there is a minimum value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ below which there is no solution as the boundary of the vortex self-intersects, while, when the signs are the same, solutions exist for $0<\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$.
Capacity Development and Multi-Tiered Systems of Support: Guiding Principles
Authors: Sugai George , Simonsen Brandi , Freeman Jennifer , La Salle Tamika
Published: November 2016

Implementation of multi-tiered systems of support is occurring within and across a number of countries with an increased recent focus on the development of local system capacity to maintain high levels of practice implementation fidelity. The purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of local capacity development in the high fidelity and sustained implementation of empirically supported practices within a multi-tiered system of support. After we describe the rationale for, and descriptions of, capacity development and multi-tiered systems of support, we (a) present a framework for the development of implementation capacity, (b) emphasise guiding concepts and principles, and (c) use positive behavioural interventions and supports as an example of a capacity development framework. We conclude with implications and recommendations.
Poor in Numbers: A Contribution to a Social History of Social Statistics in Contemporary Argentina
Authors: DANIEL CLAUDIA , VOMMARO GABRIEL
Published: November 2016

This article examines how poverty came to be identified as the key category of the new social question in Argentina during its post-1983 transition to democracy. It pays special attention to the conformation of an expert group at the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, INDEC), which focused on the construction of statistical instruments aimed at describing the social reality of poverty. Through practices of objectification and classification carried out by those experts, poverty was made into a measurable object, at the same time that it was publicly instituted as a political-moral problem and as an object of state action.