bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refeeding-associated AMPKγ1 complex activity is a hallmark of health and longevity
Authors: Ripa Roberto , Ballhysa Eugen , Steiner Joachim D. , Laboy Raymond , Annibal Andrea , Hochhard Nadine , Latza Christian , Dolfi Luca , Calabrese Chiara , Meyer Anna M. , Polidori Maria Cristina , Müller Roman-Ulrich , Antebi Adam
Published: November 2023

Late-life-initiated dietary interventions show limited efficacy in extending longevity or mitigating frailty, yet the underlying causes remain unclear. Here we studied the age-related fasting response of the short-lived killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered the existence of a fasting-like transcriptional program in the adipose tissue of old fish that overrides the feeding response, setting the tissue in persistent metabolic quiescence. The fasting–refeeding cycle triggers an inverse oscillatory expression of genes encoding the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulatory subunits Prkag1 (γ1) and Prkag2 (γ2) in young individuals. Aging blunts such regulation, resulting in reduced Prkag1 expression. Transgenic fish with sustained AMPKγ1 countered the fasting-like transcriptional program, exhibiting a more youthful feeding and fasting response in older age, improved metabolic health and longevity. Accordingly, Prkag1 expression declines with age in human tissues and is associated with multimorbidity and multidimensional frailty risk. Thus, selective activation of AMPKγ1 prevents metabolic quiescence and preserves healthy aging in vertebrates, offering potential avenues for intervention.
Plastics and Bioplastics Overview
Authors: Grewell D.
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, we will discuss the fundamental concepts of polymers and plastics. Plastics and bioplastics are very similar; however, bioplastics are derived from renewable feedstocks while plastics are derived from non-renewable resources such as oil and natural gas, rendering them non-biodegradable. Biodegradability is a very complex and not widely understood process, and for the purpose of our discussion, we will define it as a material’s ability to be degraded into carbon, CO2, and H2O through conventional microbial activities within a few months. Some bioplastics can be easily degraded by natural organisms and thus are considered “environmentally friendly”. However, we will also discuss that many bio-based plastics are not biodegradable.
Fermentation of Polyesters (PHA and PLA)
Authors: Montalbo-Lomboy Melissa
Published: November 2023

An essential part of producing microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactide, as well as other bioplastics, is fermentation. The fermentation process can greatly affect the cost-effectiveness of bioplastics. This chapter mainly focuses on various aspects of the fermentation for production of bioplastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactide. It includes the various microorganisms used for production. These microorganisms were extracted from different sources such as soil, industrial wastewater, and activated sludge. It also details the various modes of fermentation, including sequencing batch reactors, fed-batch, continuous reactors, and solid-state fermentation.
Design, synthesis and modelling of photoreactive chemical probes for investigating target engagement of plasmepsin IX and X in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Lisauskaitė Monika , Nixon Gemma L. , Woodley Christopher M. , Berry Neil G. , Coninckx Andy , Qie L. Charlie , Leung Suet C. , Taramelli Donatella , Basilico Nicoletta , Parapini Silvia , Ward Stephen A. , Vadas Oscar , Soldati-Favre Dominique , Hong W. David , O'Neill Paul M.
Published: November 2023

We report the synthesis and biological profiling of photoreactive chemical probes based on an established plasmepsin X inhibitor scaffold. Maintained antimalarial and recombinant enzyme activity support their use in future chemical proteomic studies.
Palladium-catalyzed direct carbonylation of thiophenes and furans under CO/CO2-binary conditions leading to carboxylic acids
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Kurata Daichi , Ogawa Akiya
Published: November 2023

In this study, novel catalytic carbonylation of thiophenes and furans was successfully achieved by using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2(min. 1 mol%) under CO/CO2-binary conditions.
Fluorescence sensing and device fabrication with luminescent metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Cai Ding-Gui , Zheng Teng-Fei , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: November 2023

Recent progress in luminescent metal–organic frameworks for detecting ions, volatile organic compounds, biomolecules and environmental toxins and device fabrication has been reviewed.
A cross-reactive plasmonic sensing array for drinking water assessment
Authors: Sperling Justin R. , Poursat Baptiste , Savage Laurie , Christie Iain , Cuthill Calum , Aekbote Badri L. , McGuire Katie , Karimullah Affar S. , Robbie Jill , Sloan William T. , Gauchotte-Lindsay Caroline , Peveler William J. , Clark Alasdair W.
Published: November 2023

The continuous monitoring of remote drinking water purification systems is a global challenge with direct consequences for human and environmental health. Nanoplasmonic sensors can monitor treatment systems and warn of failures.
Water recycling public toilets based on onsite electrochemical wastewater treatment
Authors: Subramani Pragadeesh , Basil Milan , Rosario Praveen , Jalaja Dijin Ramachandran , Choudhary Vaishali , Renganathan Jayakumar , Philip Ligy , Cho Kangwoo , Welling Claire , Grego Sonia , Cid Clèment
Published: November 2023

14-month performance study of an anaerobic bioreactor combined with electrochemical oxidation and integrated into a self-contained public bathroom under daily use in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India).
The amelioration of a purified Pleurotus abieticola polysaccharide on atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Xing Lei , Kong Fange , Wang Chunxia , Li Lanzhou , Peng Shichao , Wang Di , Li Changtian
Published: November 2023

A purified Pleurotus abieticola polysaccharide named PAPS2 ameliorated atherosclerosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be associated with the regulation of the intestinal microflora and lipid metabolism.
Luminescent and photoconductive liquid crystalline lamellar and helical network phases of achiral polycatenars
Authors: Alaasar Mohamed , Darweesh Ahmed F. , Anders Christian , Iakoubovskii Konstantin , Yoshio Masafumi
Published: November 2023

Lamellar and helical network phases of achiral polycatenars. Functional achiral triple chain π-conjugated rod-like molecules were investigated for their photoconductivity, photoluminescence, phosphorescence, and electroluminescence properties.
Full-color emission of fluorinated benzothiadiazole-based D–A–D fluorophores and their bioimaging applications
Authors: Chen Si-Hong , Cao Xi-Ying , Hu Peng-Tao , Jiang Kai , Liang Yong-Tong , Xu Bing-Jia , Li Zhong-Hao , Wang Zhao-Yang
Published: November 2023

By modulating donor and acceptor units, serial fluorinated benzothiadiazole-based full-color fluorophores with various luminescence properties, such as DSE, ACQ and AIEE effects, are developed. Importantly, red emitter 3m can be used in bioimaging.
Correction: A sequential Ugi–Smiles/transition-metal-free endo-dig Conia–ene cyclization: the selective synthesis of saccharin substituted 2,5-dihydropyrroles
Authors: Seyrani Hassan , Ramezanpour Sorour , Vaezghaemi Aref , Kobarfard Farzad
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘A sequential Ugi–Smiles/transition-metal-free endo-dig Conia–ene cyclization: the selective synthesis of saccharin substituted 2,5-dihydropyrroles’ by Hassan Seyrani et al., New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 15647–15654, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NJ01159F.
Bimodal modulation of in vitro angiogenesis with photoactive polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Tullii Gabriele , Gutierrez-Fernandez Edgar , Ronchi Carlotta , Bellacanzone Christian , Bondi Luca , Criado-Gonzalez Miryam , Lagonegro Paola , Moccia Francesco , Cramer Tobias , Mecerreyes David , Martín Jaime , Antognazza Maria Rosa
Published: November 2023

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles trigger a pro- or an anti-angiogenic pathway in an endothelial cellular model depending on the light excitation protocol.
Understanding Yb3+-sensitized photon avalanche in Pr3+ co-doped nanocrystals: modelling and optimization
Authors: Dudek Magdalena , Korczak Zuzanna , Prorok Katarzyna , Bezkrovnyi Oleksii , Sun Lining , Szalkowski Marcin , Bednarkiewicz Artur
Published: November 2023

Multicolor photon avalanche emission of Pr3+ doped NaYF4 nanocrystals under 852 nm excitation is enabled by co-doping sensitizer Yb3+ ions.
Buteinylated-hafnium oxide bionanoparticles for electrochemical sensing of wogonin
Authors: Krishnan Vinoth , Parandhaman Moghitha , Kanagaraj Ramya , Veerapandian Murugan
Published: November 2023

Hybridizing biomolecules with metal oxide nanostructures possessing inherent optical emission and electrochemical functionality is advantageous for external mediator-free analytical applications.
Poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex microspheres as thermally tolerant optical resonators
Authors: Suharman  , Heah Wey Yih , Yamagishi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yohei
Published: November 2023

Thermally tolerant polymer optical resonators are fabricated from a stereocomplex of poly(l-lactic acid) and poly(d-lactic acid) through the oil-in-water miniemulsion method.
Solvent- and functional-group-assisted tautomerism of 3-alkyl substituted 5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazoles in DMSO–water
Authors: García-López Jesús , Khomenko Dmytro M. , Zakharchenko Borys V. , Doroshchuk Roman O. , Starova Viktoriia S. , Iglesias María José , Lampeka Rostyslav D. , López-Ortiz Fernando
Published: November 2023

The NMR spectroscopy and DFT study of the mechanism of tautomerisation in DMSO–water of C-disubstituted alkyl, (2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazoles revealed solvent and functional-group assistance in the proton transport between the nitrogens.
Difluorocarbene as a C–F source for the construction of fluorinated benzothiazoles
Authors: Pan Wen-Jie , Yu Jiao , Cao Wei-Guo , Xiao Ji-Chang , Lin Jin-Hong
Published: November 2023

Described herein is the use of difluorocarbene as a C–F source for the cyclization of 2-aminobenzenethiols to provide fluorinated benzothiazoles. A one-step process installs a fluorine atom and constructs a heterocycle.
Hemp cellulose nanocrystals for functional chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-based films for food packaging applications
Authors: Bahsaine Kenza , El Allaoui Brahim , Benzeid Hanane , El Achaby Mounir , Zari Nadia , Qaiss Abou el Kacem , Bouhfid Rachid
Published: November 2023

Bio-nanocomposite were developed using a blend of PVA, chitosan, and cellulose nanocrystals extracted from hemp. The inclusion of CNCs up to 5% improved the mechanical properties, maintained transparency, and reduced gas transmission rate.
Flow-driven translocation of comb-like copolymer micelles through a nanochannel
Authors: He Yingjie , Li Luyang , Ding Mingming , Li Weihua
Published: November 2023

Using hybrid lattice-Boltzmann molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the flow-driven translocation of comb-like copolymer micelles through a nanochannel and make a comparison with micelles formed by the corresponding diblock copolymers.
A heterostructured electrocatalyst for the electrochemical valorization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Thapa Loknath , Bhaumik Asim , Mondal Swastik , Raj C. Retna
Published: November 2023

A Ni and Mo-based ternary heterostructure efficiently catalyses the valorization of HMF with 100% faradaic efficiency and a high FDCA production rate. The anodic valorization is paired with the HER to enhance the energy efficiency.
The preserved S-scheme band structure of graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth oxobromide after the introduction of black phosphorus driven by an internal electric field: achieving significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Chen Lijun , Wang Feihong , Zhang Jiahao , Wei Hongyuan , Dang Leping
Published: November 2023

Based on inter-electrical field theory, the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers in BPs/CNs/BOB is confirmed, revealing that the introduction of BPs into CNs/BOB preserves the original S-scheme band structure.
Two-dimensional metal–organic polymers as cathode hybrid materials for high-performance Al-batteries
Authors: Pakulski Dawid , Montes-García Verónica , Gorczyński Adam , Czepa Włodzimierz , Chudziak Tomasz , Bielejewski Michał , Musiał Andrzej , Pérez-Juste Ignacio , Samorì Paolo , Ciesielski Artur
Published: November 2023

We present the synthesis of two novel metal–organic polymers and their application as cathode materials in aluminum batteries. Zn-TABQ revealed an outstanding specific capacity of 198 mA h g−1 and high cyclability (92% capacity after 5000 cycles).
Deep reconstruction of Ni–Al-based pre-catalysts for a highly efficient and durable anion-exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer
Authors: Jiang Tao , Jiang Xinge , Kyriakou Vasileios , Bouzek Karel , Liao Hanlin
Published: November 2023

The resulting AEM electrolyzer cell demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving an extraordinarily low cell voltage of 1.89 V and remarkable durability of 500 hours at 5 A (1 A cm−2, 1 M KOH, room temperature).
Ultrafast 3MLCT quenching and vibrational coherence: excited-state dynamics of the first-discovered Fe(ii)–carbene sensitiser resolved
Authors: Pápai Mátyás , Rozgonyi Tamás , Vankó György
Published: November 2023

Full-dimensional trajectory surface hopping dynamics simulations reveal the intricate details of the photorelaxation mechanism in [Fe(bmip)2]2+, the first-discovered Fe–carbene photosensitiser (bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine).
The green synthesis and applications of biological metal–organic frameworks for targeted drug delivery and tumor treatments
Authors: Binaeian Ehsan , Nabipour Hafezeh , Ahmadi Soroush , Rohani Sohrab
Published: November 2023

Application and development of synthesized bio-MOFs via a green approach (solvent-free and solvent-based green syntheses) for targeted drug delivery and tumor treatment.
Optimization of fluorinated interfacial layers with minimal surface coverage for hybrid perovskite materials
Authors: Alkarsifi Riva , Buffeteau Thierry , Labrugère-Sarroste Christine , Hirsch Lionel , Bassani Dario M. , Toupance Thierry
Published: November 2023

A little is enough: ultrathin fluorous layers improve perovskite surface properties.
An effective encapsulation method for highly stable perovskite solar cells by introducing a UV absorber with biomimetic textures and heat sinker with a reduced graphene oxide composite layer
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Ma Chaoqun , Huang Xiaofeng , Ahn Yoomi , Kim Danbi , Yang Eunhye , Xue Junpeng , Lee Bo Ram , Kim Junghwan , Ma Yongchao , Park Sung Heum
Published: November 2023

A UV-absorbing layer with micro-/nano hierarchical structures effectively cuts UV light while increasing the transmittance of visible light, resulting in enhanced device stability without sacrificing the photocurrent.
Electronic, vibrational, and optical properties of fullerene–S8 co-crystals
Authors: Shaban Tameh Maliheh , Ni Xiaojuan , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Brédas Jean-Luc
Published: November 2023

Our quantum chemical calculations of C60–2S8 and C70–2S8 indicate that charge transport, optical, and vibrational properties are dominated by fullerenes and these co-crystals are potential candidates for thermal long-wave IR imaging applications.
A mid-IR tunable graphene metasurface for ultrasensitive molecular fingerprint retrieval and refractive index sensing
Authors: Wei Yuhang , Si Liming , Dong Lin , Shen Qitao , Ma Tianyu , Sun Houjun , Bao Xiue
Published: November 2023

Using the electrically tunable nature of graphene in the mid-IR range, a one-to-many mapping strategy between the metasurface and spectral signals is presented for ultrasensitive molecular fingerprint detection and refractive index sensing.
Microplastic distribution and ecological risks: investigating road dust and stormwater runoff across land uses
Authors: Kabir S. M. Alamgir , Bhuiyan Muhammed A. , Zhang Guomin , Pramanik Biplob Kumar
Published: November 2023

This study in Melbourne, Australia, reveals higher levels of microplastic pollution in industrial areas compared to commercial or residential areas. Stormwater runoff is identified as the main pathway for transporting MPs from road dust to aquatic ecosystems.
Rationally stabilized hierarchical NiCo2O4 hollow nanoballs for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors and excellent methanol oxidation
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Khose Rahul Vijay , Singh Kushal
Published: November 2023

Constructing intriguing morphologies of mono/multivalent materials e.g. NiCo2O4 leads to improvement in electrochemical activities due to high surface area and porosity. This is an eco-effective method for achieving higher performance in energy applications.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Communication in Hearing Questionnaire
Authors: Gedik Toker Özge , Hüsam Hilal , Behmen Meliha Başöz , Bal Nilüfer , Gültekin Muammer , Toker Kerem
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The Emotional Communication in Hearing Questionnaire (EMO-CHeQ) is designed to evaluate awareness of vocal emotion information and perception of emotion. This study sought to translate the EMO-CHeQ into Turkish in accordance with international standards and to ascertain its validity and reliability statistically by administering it to native Turkish-speaking subjects.

Method:

This empirical study involved collecting data from participants using a scale. A total of 460 individuals, comprising 158 women and 302 men (
M
age
= 33.43 ± 13.14 years), participated. The data encompassed 295 subjects with normal hearing, 101 hearing aid users, and 64 cochlear implant users. Exploratory factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis, was employed to ensure construct validity. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis, and content validity was applied to examine how effectively the Turkish version of the scale fulfilled its intended purpose.

Results:

The total Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .949, and the explained variance was 74.385%. The Turkish version of the EMO-CHeQ demonstrated high construct validity, internal consistency, and explanatory efficacy. The scale revealed significant differences (
p
< .05) in emotional communication among the normal-hearing group, hearing aid users, and cochlear implant users.

Conclusions:

The Turkish adaptation of the EMO-CHeQ is a credible and robust tool for evaluating how individuals perceive emotion in speech. Emotion perception was found to be suboptimal among hearing aid users compared to cochlear implant users, although it was most proficient in those with normal hearing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24520624
An investigation into the impacts of deep learning‐based re‐sampling on specific emitter identification performance
Authors: Fadul Mohamed K. M. , Reising Donald R. , Weerasena Lakmali P.
Published: November 2023

Increasing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments present a growing surface over which villainous actors can carry out attacks. This disturbing revelation is amplified by the fact that most IoT devices use weak or no encryption. Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) is an approach intended to address this IoT security weakness. This work provides the first Deep Learning (DL) driven SEI approach that upsamples the signals after collection to improve performance while reducing the hardware requirements of the IoT devices that collect them. DL‐driven upsampling results in superior SEI performance versus two traditional upsampling approaches and a convolutional neural network‐only approach.
Testing the cosmological principle with the Pantheon+ sample and the region-fitting method
Authors: Hu J. P. , Wang Y. Y. , Hu J. , Wang F. Y.
Published: November 2023

The cosmological principle is fundamental to the standard cosmological model. It assumes that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on very large scales. As the basic assumption, it must stand the test of various observations. In this work, we investigated the properties of the Pantheon+ sample, including redshift distribution and position distribution, and we give its constraint on the flat ΛCDM model: Ωm = 0.36 ± 0.02 and H0 = 72.83 ± 0.23 km s−1 Mpc−1. Then, using the region fitting (RF) method, we mapped the all-sky distribution of cosmological parameters (Ωm and H0) and find that the distribution significantly deviates from isotropy. A local matter underdensity region exists toward (308.4°−48.7+47.6, −18.2°−28.8+21.1) as well as a preferred direction of the cosmic anisotropy (313.4°−18.2+19.6, −16.8°−10.7+11.1) in galactic coordinates. Similar directions may imply that local matter density might be responsible for the anisotropy of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Results of statistical isotropy analyses including Isotropy and Isotropy with real-data positions (RP) show high confidence levels. For the local matter underdensity, the statistical significances are 2.78σ (isotropy) and 2.34σ (isotropy RP). For the cosmic anisotropy, the statistical significances are 3.96σ (isotropy) and 3.15σ (isotropy RP). The comparison of these two kinds of statistical isotropy analyses suggests that inhomogeneous spatial distribution of real sample can increase the deviation from isotropy. The similar results and findings are also found from reanalyses of the low-redshift sample (lp+) and the lower screening angle (θmax = 60°), but with a slight decrease in statistical significance. Overall, our results provide clear indications for a possible cosmic anisotropy. This possibility must be taken seriously. Further testing is needed to better understand this signal.
Fast particle-mesh code for Milgromian dynamics
Authors: Visser P. M. , Eijt S. W. H. , de Nijs J. V.
Published: November 2023

Context. Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a promising alternative to dark matter. To further test the theory, there is a need for fluid- and particle-dynamics simulations. The force in MOND is not a direct particle-particle interaction, but derives from a potential for which a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) needs to be solved. Normally, this makes the problem of simulating dynamical evolution computationally expensive.

Aims. We intend to develop a fast particle-mesh (PM) code for MOND (the AQUAL formalism).

Methods. We transformed the nonlinear equation for MOND into a system of linear PDEs plus one algebraic equation. An iterative scheme with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) produces successively better numerical approximations.

Results. The algorithm was tested for dynamical systems in MOND where analytical solutions are known: the two-body problem, a body with a circular ring, and a spherical distribution of particles in thermal equilibrium in the self-consistent potential.

Conclusions. The PM code can accurately calculate the forces at subpixel scale and reproduces the analytical solutions. Four iterations are required for the potential, but when the spatial steps are small compared to the kernel width, one iteration is suffices. The use of a smoothing kernel for the accelerations is inevitable in order to eliminate the self-gravity of the point particles. Our PDE solver is 15 to 42 times as slow as a standard Poisson solver. However, the smoothing and particle propagation takes up most of the time above one particle per 103 pixels. The FFTs, the smoothing, and the propagation part in the code can all be parallelized.
Antioxidant potential of squid ink (Loligo duvauceli)
Authors: Sukmiwati Mery , Edison  , Nuzul Vabellina
Published: November 2023

Squid ink has secondary metabolites to avoid enemy attacks. Secondary metabolite compounds have been able to determine the presence of antioxidant activity. Maceration is a way to get extracts and secondary metabolites in a sample. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites and determine antioxidant activity in L. duvauceli ink extract. The method in this research was descriptive. The treatments used were solvents with different polarity levels, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The parameters carried out in this study were yield, qualitative and quantitative secondary metabolites compound testing, and antioxidant activity testing. The results showed that n-hexane extract showed the presence of saponin compounds, ethyl acetate extract contained steroid compounds, and ethanol extract contained alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Saponin content in n-hexane extract was 0.23%. The levels of alkaloids and phenolics in the ethanol extract were 0.02% and 0.72%, respectively. The results show that L. duvauceli ink has antioxidant activity obtained from the IC50 value, n-hexane extract was 128.35 ppm, ethyl acetate extract was 78.81 ppm, and ethanol extract was 75.68 ppm.
Study In-vitro and in-silico of ethylacetate extract and fractions of soft coral Lobophytum sp. towards Artemia salina Brine Shrim (BSLT)
Authors: Sahidin Sahidin , Fristiohady Adryan , Wahyuni  , Arfan  , Sadarun Baru , Rahmatika Nur Syifa , Yodha Agung Wibawa Mahatva , Masrika Nur Upik En , Sundowo Andini , Fajriah Sofa
Published: November 2023

The article aims to describe the findings of chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of Lobophytum sp. from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ethylacetate extract was fractionated by Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). Toxicity was evaluated by BSLT test, and the phytochemical screening and LCMSMS method were used to determine the chemical composition and molecular docking for in-silico study. The results showed that the ethylacetate extract was produced seven fractions namely Fraction A-G. The weight of each fraction was A (12.8% w/w), B (9.7%), C (10.1%), D (2.0%), E (7.0%), F (25, 3%) and G (11.5%). The toxicity potency of Fraction B is the most toxic with LC50 (mg/L) 26.70 ± 0.58. LCMSMS data indicated that the fraction B contains 19L-glukocyl-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydrographoside, 3-isoazmalicine, abietraticine, arachidonic acid, neociwujiaphenol, oxyphyliacinol, saurufuran B and some unidentified compounds with molecular formulas C37H46O7, C35H44O5, and C20H26O2. Based on computational simulations, Ar-Abietatriene and 3-Isoajmalicine have the potential to inhibit CDK-6. These compounds hinder the progression of the cell cycle and the proliferation of cancer cells by forming molecular interactions with residues Ile19, Val27, Ala41, Val77, Phe98, Val101, Leu152, and Ala162. This suggests their potential as anticancer agents. Thus, Fraction B can be continued for the anticancer evaluation.
Isolation of marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites in Dumai
Authors: Mardhiah Batubara Ummi , D’rita Sibagariang Rina , Fatmawati Riska , Ersyi Darfia Novreta , Yahya Ginting Topan , Maelina Teti
Published: November 2023

The Dumai Sea is vulnerable to pollution, especially oil spills. Oil pollution in Dumai seawater causes a decline in the population of aquatic organisms. Isolation and screening of marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria is one effort to find potential local agents. This research aims to isolate marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria from the Petroleum Contaminated Site in Dumai. This research uses a survey method, and it was in four stages such as, isolation, screening, morphological and physiological characteristics, bacterial identification, and data analysis. Water samples were taken using purposive sampling at seven different locations. The samples were analyzed in situ, including water characteristics, pH, temperature, salinity, and brightness. Furthermore, the water samples were further analyzed at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory, University of Riau. Isolation and screening results showed that ten isolates of marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria can grow in SSMS liquid media with a petroleum content of 5%. The ten isolates in sequence are DS21a, DS22b, DS42c, DS52d, DS61e, DS62f, DS63g, DS71h, DS72i and DS73j. The characterization and identification results obtained four different genera from petroleum-contaminated sites in Dumai, sequentially Micrococcus, Rhodococcus, Marinobacter, and Bacillus.
Bacillus cereus SN7 Encapsulation process as a substitute protein source in fish feed
Authors: Feliatra Feli , Batubara Ummi Mardhiah , Mukramin Ibnu , Effendi Irwan , Adelina Adelina
Published: November 2023

Bacillus Cereus SN7 bacteria can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Encapsulation is a technology for wrapping the core material in micro-sized capsules that can release their contents in a certain environment. The research aimed to encapsulate the biomass yield as a protection for B. cereus SN7 bacteria from contaminants. This study used an experiment method, namely conducting experiments on the formation of bacterial encapsulation with 2 sources of emulsion: CaCl2 0,1 M and chitosan mixture, 1% acetic acid in 100 ml-1, then tested the effectiveness of encapsulation by looking at the viability of B. cereus SN7 bacteria by counting the number of colonies pH, temperature and physiological aspect of the bacterium. The results of encapsulation studies carried out using emulsion of chitosan mixture, 1% acetic acid in 100 ml- can be formed into capsule beads that can protect bacteria. Meanwhile, using citosan could not last for 75 minutes. After testing the effectiveness of the capsule and its bacterial viability, it is very effective for the production process or for further applications. then the best storage temperature is 100C, pH 5 and stable immersion in physiological solutions.
Abundance, distribution and correlation of microplastics in Tuapejat coastal water Mentawai Islands Indonesia
Authors: Amin Bintal , Nedi Syahril , Nurrachmi Irvina , Nurdiansyah Niko
Published: November 2023

Tuapejat is the capital city of the Mentawai Islands Regency which is located in North Sipora District, Indonesia. Beside as being the most populous city, Tuapejat is also the center of marine tourism and various activities such as urbanization, restaurants, hotels and trade. Those anthropogenic activities have the potential to provide input of plastics waste into the oceans which eventually degrades into microplastics, which then may pose a major threat to both biota and humans. This study aims to determine and quantify the microplastics content in water and sediment in these coastal waters which was conducted in August 2022. Sampling was carried out at three stations and the results of the study showed that the types of microplastics found were fibers, fragments and films. The highest total microplastics abundance was in commercial port area, whilst the lowest was found around fishing port in both seawater and sediment, respectively. The abundance of microplastics in seawater and sediments between stations in Tuapejat coastal waters was significantly different (p<0.05), and there was a positive relationship between the abundance of microplastics in seawater and in sediments. The differences between stations and the relationships that occur are discussed by looking at the influence of water quality parameters and anthropogenic activities around the sampling locations.
Observation on Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and sediment composition in the seawaters of Jakarta Bay
Authors: Edward  , Lusyana  , Walewowan D.Y. , Rugebregt Marsya J.
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to monitor water quality by observing total suspended solid (TSS) levels and the percentage of sediment in Jakarta Bay. The study was carried out in March and May 2013. Samples of surface seawater were taken with a water sampler at 15 research stations. The samples were analysed for their TSS levels using the gravimetric method, while Wentworth and Shepard method for its sediment composition. The storet method was employed to determine the status of seawater quality. The analysis showed that the TSS level in the western part was lower than in the east. In March, the TSS level in the western areas was 30.162mg/l; in the eastern area, it was 33/422mg/l. Regarding the sediment analysis, the largest percentage of sediment composition for the western and eastern regions respectively was silt (68-80%), clay (10-21%), and sand (3-16%). Furthermore, the results of the water quality measurement showed that the seawater from all stations in Jakarta Bay was in the range of -1 to -5 or fell into the Class B category. Thus, the seawater in Jakarta Bay was still good or lightly polluted.
Enhancing social resilience and addressing economic uncertainty in small-scale fishing households along the west coast of West Sumatra
Authors: Zamzami Lucky , Azwar  , Darman Moenir Haiyyu
Published: November 2023

This study examined the significance of small-scale fishing within the west coastal communities in Sumatra. It aimed to investigate the impact of various factors, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, overfishing, and changes in marine ecosystems, on the decline of natural resources. These factors created insecurity in the livelihoods of small-scale fishing and had severe social and economic impacts on coastal communities. To better understand the coping mechanisms used by small-scale fishing in response to external shocks, a qualitative study was conducted in Ampiang Parak Village, Sutera sub-District, South Pesisir District. Data were collected using observation, interviews, literature review, and photo documentation. The results showed that small-scale fishing and the associated households used various livelihood strategies to respond to these challenges. Furthermore, this study examined the social resilience built by fishing households to overcome economic insecurity. The result showed that the resiliencebuilding measures included income diversification, temporal and seasonal migration, women group empowerment, the development of labor division, and the exploration of non-fish resources.
Tsunami Hazard Mapping and Evacuation Path Determination using field Survey and Geographical Information Systems at Widarapayung Wetan, Cilacap
Authors: Destrayanti Irfa , Fatmasari Nurvita , Utaminingtyas Berlian , Wibowo Hery Susanto
Published: November 2023

In 2006, a tsunami hit Pangandaran, and its effects were felt in Cilacap. There were 664 fatalities, 498 injuries, and 55 million dollars in damages, and 1623 homes were destroyed or severely damaged due to the tsunami. Furthermore, the village of Widarapayung was among those devastated by the tsunami, which reached a height of up to 5 meters and claimed the lives of 12 people. In addition, Widarapayung is a popular tourist destination and one of the venues for 2019’s professional surfing events. Therefore, disaster prevention measures are essential to lessen the impact of disasters and save lives. The objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability of the Widarapayung Wetan area to a tsunami and make recommendations for evacuation routes and regional infrastructure development to reduce casualties and damage. This research utilized COMCOT to model the megathrust segment with a possible magnitude of 8.7, with worst-case values acquired from the catalog PuSGeN 2017. Additionally, the data on topography and bathymetry collected by DEMNAS and BATNAS are utilized in this investigation. The modeling results indicated a 50-minute arrival time for the tsunami waves, a maximum run-up height of 14-18 meters, and a submerged area of roughly 4.57 km2. In addition, the most effective evacuation routes were determined by combining the outcomes of field surveys and Geographic Information System simulations. This research will provide local governments with helpful information for making informed decisions about infrastructure and spatial development in the future.
Benchmarking The Use of Shaking Table for Simulating the Earthquake Performance of Typical Residential Houses for Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Hayati Yulia , Nella Asyifa Cut , Idris Yunita , Ulza Adrian
Published: November 2023

This study presents a review focused on the role of earthquake shaking table simulation in understanding the potential risk of confined masonry structures of residential houses. Understanding the potential risk leads to mitigating earthquake hazard risk of the typical confined masonry structures of residential houses. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of earthquake shaking table simulations in evaluating and mitigating earthquake hazard risk for confined masonry structures, particularly for the typical residential houses in the most rural areas in Indonesia. By exploring the existing research and case studies, this research seeks to identify critical factors influencing the performance and resilience of confined masonry structures during seismic events. Thorough literature reviews of different research papers on the earthquake simulation test on confined masonry were carried out. The studies include the loading models, the type of construction models, and the boundaries of the simulations. This understanding will facilitate identifying potential areas for improving designs, constructions, and retrofitting practices specifically targeted at enhancing seismic resilience in low-income communities. The outcomes will facilitate evidence-based decision-making, leading to enhanced seismic stability and safer residential buildings in these developing areas where confined masonry houses are more needed and vulnerable. Finally, the work of this study can assist in preparing the most appropriate specimen model of masonry structures, which are intended to undergo testing in the earthquake shaking table facility at the Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) of Syiah Kuala University (USK).
The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995) and the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF): Changing Perceptions and Integration of JSDF into Local Communities
Authors: Nakahara Masato
Published: November 2023

This research clarifies how the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) integrated into local communities after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995. In Japan’s post-war pacifist mood, the JSDF had been regarded as a “social outcast” and marginalized by local communities for a long time. In the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake that occurred under such circumstances, cooperation between the JSDF and local governments did not function well. Learning from the earthquake, local governments recognized the need to strengthen daily cooperation with the JSDF through disaster drills. Moreover, local governments that sought the cooperation of the JSDF in disaster drills felt indebted to the JSDF for its cooperation and began to cooperate in recruiting JSDF personnel. Furthermore, these partnerships became stronger with local governments beginning to invite the JSDF to local festivals. As a result, the JSDF became more integrated into local communities. The above findings indicate that the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake became an important turning point in the process of the JSDF being integrated into local communities. Indeed, this change in local communities implies that a social base was formed that would later lead to the “JSDF boom” in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011.
Challenges of Local Disaster Management Agencies (BPBD) in Realizing Inclusive Disaster Management in Indonesia
Authors: Amrullah Satrio
Published: November 2023

The Indonesian government, through the Disaster Management Law, has delegated the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) at the central level and Local Disaster Management Agencies (BPBD) at the regional level to organize inclusive disaster management. However, the role of BPBD in realizing this has not yet been optimally executed. This can be seen from the low of score Indonesian inclusiveness index and the assistance interventions provided to vulnerable groups that do not match their needs. This research aims to understand the complex issues experienced by vulnerable groups in Indonesia and identify various challenges faced by BPBD in achieving inclusive disaster management. This research uses a qualitative method that Research data was obtained through in-depth interviews, with research informants coming from three regions, namely BPBD Sleman Regency, BPBD South Lampung Regency, and BPBD Sigi Regency. To strengthen the analysis, data triangulation was conducted by analysing secondary data from various sources, including academic publications, policy papers, legislation, and mass media. The research results show that the number of vulnerable groups in Indonesia is huge, 37% of the population. This significant number requires attention and specific treatment that aligns with their characteristics and needs. At the implementation level, BPBD faces various challenges, including the lack of data categorization for vulnerable groups at the regional level, insufficient budget allocation for institutional strengthening, a shortage of human resources capacity, suboptimal coordination among government agencies, and limited participation of vulnerable groups in disaster management activities.
Study on deterioration behavior of coke during gasification
Authors: Wu Ji , Liang Cai , Gan Xiushi , Xie Minghui , Jiang Zhe , Zhao Zhenxing , Wang Xu
Published: November 2023

The reaction temperature and time on the carbon loss of coke during CO2 gasification were studied. The results showed that there were significant correlations among the reactivity, pulverization rate, and wear resistance. The degree of variation in pulverization rate and wear resistance revealed that coke reactivity changed dramatically as reaction temperature rose. The temperature was also the key factor for coke graphitization. The evolution of the inorganic minerals and pore wall microstructure was investigated after coke gasification. The migration and accumulation of inorganic minerals, such as mullite, calcium ferrite, and iron oxide in coke, were discovered to catalyze the deterioration of the coke pore wall, resulting in the coke powder formation. The graphitization degree of the skin layer was greater than that of the core after high-temperature reactions, which accelerated skin layer separation from the core.
Leistungsdaten und Abgangsursachen von Hinterwälder-,
Vorderwälder-, Fleckvieh- und Holstein-Kühen in den Jahren 1953
bis 2021
Authors: Kolbaum Nina , Maus Franz , Nuss Karl
Published: November 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit soll eine aktuelle
Bestandsaufnahme der Kühe der Hinterwälder Rasse in
Baden-Württemberg und in der Schweiz vorlegen. Weiterhin sollen die
Leistungsdaten und die registrierten Abgangsursachen der Hinterwälder
Kühe mit denen der Vorderwälder-, Holstein- und
Fleckviehkühe in Baden-Württemberg über einen
längeren Zeitraum verglichen werden, um mögliche Unterschiede
zwischen Extensiv- und Intensivnutzung aufzuzeigen.

Material und Methodik Über einen Zeitraum von fast 70 Jahren, von
1953 bis 2021, wurden die entsprechenden Dokumentationen der Rinderunion
Baden-Württemberg und deren Vorgängerorganisationen
zusammengetragen und ausgewertet. Auch die Daten der Hinterwälder in der
Schweiz, wo es seit 40 Jahren eine bedeutende Hinterwälder-Population
gibt, wurden berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse Die Anzahl der Hinterwälder Milchkühe nimmt in
ihrem ursprünglichen Verbreitungsgebiet der Höhenlagen des
Südschwarzwalds stark ab, so dass zu befürchten ist, dass die
Milch-Nutzungsrichtung dort verloren gehen könnte. Die extensive Nutzung
der Hinterwälder für die Fleischgewinnung hat hingegen
zugenommen; sie ist auch in der Schweiz die bevorzugte Nutzungsart. Im Vergleich
mit Vorderwälder-, Holstein- und Fleckvieh-Kühen stieg die
Milchleistung bei Hinterwälder Kühen im Untersuchungszeitraum
nicht wesentlich an, jedoch waren die Gesundheitsdaten, im Besonderen die der
Reproduktion, die der Euter-, Klauen- und Gliedmaßengesundheit sowie der
Langlebigkeit herausragend. Im Vergleich mit den hochleistenden
Milchkühen über die Jahrzehnte wurde deutlich, dass der starke
Anstieg der Leistungen von den Tieren mit einer stetig ansteigenden, hohen
Krankheitsprävalenz und damit zusammenhängend einer zu kurzen
Lebensdauer bezahlt wird.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die kleinste Zweinutzungsrasse
Mitteleuropas konnte bisher noch durch die Resilienz der Tierhaltenden, durch
das Engagement privater Organisationen sowie nicht zuletzt durch staatliche
Hilfen überleben. Ihre herausragenden Fitnesswerte machen sie
für künftig wieder vermehrt notwendige, nachhaltige
Haltungsformen bestens geeignet, gerade im Hinblick auf die sich schnell
manifestierende Klimaänderung. Sie und andere Rassen müssen als
wertvoller Genpool weiterhin unterstützt und erhalten werden.
Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hund und Katze, Teil 2:
Urinsedimentanalyse
Authors: Seigner Sandra , Weber Karin , Dorsch Roswitha
Published: November 2023

Die Urinsedimentanalyse ist Teil einer Routine-Urinuntersuchung und dient der
Identifikation von unlöslichen Urinbestandteilen. Sie wird vor allem
für die Diagnose von Harnwegserkrankungen eingesetzt, kann aber auch bei
der Diagnostik von systemischen Erkrankungen oder Vergiftungen hilfreich sein.
Die Urinsedimentanalyse sollte idealerweise an frischem Urin
durchgeführt werden, da es lagerungsbedingt zu Änderungen der
Zellmorphologie, zur Zelllyse oder in-vitro-Kristallbildung kommen kann. Bei der
manuellen Urinsedimentanalyse eignet sich ein ungefärbtes
Nasspräparat zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung von
Urinsedimentbestandteilen. Die Anfertigung gefärbter Nass- oder
Trockenpräparate kann zur genaueren Differenzierung von Zellen und zum
Nachweis von Bakterien notwendig sein. Seit einigen Jahren stehen ebenso
automatische Urinsedimentanalysegeräte in der Tiermedizin zur
Verfügung. Sie bringen eine große Zeit- und Personalersparnis
mit sich, jedoch ist eine Verifizierung der automatisch generierten Ergebnisse
durch erfahrene Untersucher nach wie vor notwendig. Häufig
identifizierte und klinisch relevante Urinsedimentbestandteile sind
Erythrozyten, Leukozyten, verschiedene Epithelzellarten, Kristalle und Zylinder
sowie Bakterien. Weiterhin können Parasiteneier, Pilzhyphen,
Fetttröpfchen, Spermien, Fasern, Haare, Schleim, Pflanzenbestandteile
und Kontaminationen aus der Umwelt im Urinsediment vorkommen und die
Interpretation der Ergebnisse erschweren.
Nasale Obstruktion: Odontogene Zysten bei 4 brachyzephalen
Hunden
Authors: Rösch Sarah , Schreyer Jan , Oechtering Gerhard
Published: November 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Odontogene Zysten können entwicklungsbedingter
oder entzündlicher Genese sein. Sie kommen gehäuft beim
brachyzephalen Hund vor. Durch ihr expansives Wachstum können Zysten im
Oberkiefer in die Nasenhöhle einbrechen, den nasalen Atemweg verlegen
und Ursache für Nasenausfluss sein. Eine neue endonasal-endoskopische
Intervention zur Entfernung dieser Zysten soll beschrieben werden.

Material und Methoden Es wurden 4 brachyzephale Hunde (Boxer, Mops,
Chihuahua, Französische Bulldogge) mit unilateralen, die
Nasenhöhle obstruierenden Zysten in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Tiere
wurden klinisch, computertomografisch, rhinoskopisch und Bioptate der Zystenwand
histologisch untersucht. Neben einer Zahnsanierung und einer konventionellen
Extraktion des involvierten Zahnes wurde die Zystenwand
endoskopisch-interventionell durch das physiologische Nasenloch entfernt. Der
Therapieverlauf wurde durch Rhinoskopie und Computertomografie kontrolliert.

Ergebnisse Hauptsymptom der klinischen Untersuchungen war Nasenausfluss,
uni- oder bilateral und in der Qualität serös bis blutig. Der
nasale Luftstrom war bei allen Patienten eingeschränkt. Die Entfernung
der Zysten und involvierten Zähne verlief ohne intra- und postoperative
Komplikationen. Rezidive der Zysten wurden nicht beobachtet. Diagnostiziert
wurden eine Epidermoid Zyste, eine Follikuläre Zyste, eine
Radikuläre Zyste und eine Odontogene Parakeratinisierte Zyste (COPC).
Eine neoplastische Transformation konnte in allen Fällen ausgeschlossen
werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Entfernung der Zystenwand kann minimal-invasiv
durch endoskopische Intervention über die physiologische
Nasenöffnung erfolgen. Der Eingriff ist kurativ und komplikationsarm.
Wird ausschließlich der betroffene Zahn extrahiert, kann eine
kalzifizierte Zystenwand weiterhin den nasalen Atemweg verlegen.

Klinische Relevanz Bei brachyzephalen Hunden sind oronasale Defekte
aufgrund von Zahnpathologien die häufigste Ursache für
chronischen Nasenausfluss, während es bei normozephalen Hunden nasale
Neoplasien sind. Odontogene Zysten sind differenzialdiagnostisch von
Bedeutung.