bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual representations of goods and services through their brandings: The semiotic foundations of a language of brands
Authors: Bobrie François
Published: August 2018

While marketing literature has been concerned primarily with the concept of the ‘brand’, it has neglected the study of branding in its most concrete figurative dimensions. This article is dedicated to a semiotic inquiry into the nature of brandings and the theoretical principles which take into account their visual constructions. After having described the conceptual tools used, we show, based on examples, that branding is above all the source of a story of the branded object and that it cannot be reduced to a set of (even coded) stimuli. Next, based on a sample of different vintages of Bordeaux and Beaujolais wines, we show how the brandings, as a visual language, make it possible to recount all of the nuances of a positioning and a segmentation within a particular category and to make distinctions between categories. In conclusion, we underline the heuristic benefit of a semiotic study to understand and get to grips with the efficacy of a branding strategy.
Toward the prevention of alcohol use disorders: Overdrinking (unintentional binge drinking) in a community sample
Authors: Bishop F Michler , Rodriquez Orjuela Jose Luis
Published: August 2018

Approximately 64,000,000 people in the United States report binge drinking at least once in the past month. Unlike overeating and oversleeping, “overdrinking”—defined as drinking more than a person intends to drink—does not exist in the literature. Terms such as binge and problem drinking do not consider the intent of the drinker. The results of this pilot study suggest that most people drink more than they intend to drink. Moreover, they also report often being surprised that they overdrank. Smartphones may help overdrinkers be less often surprised by overdrinking and may prevent drinkers from developing an alcohol use disorder.
Palliating Premature Infants With Obstructed Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection via Catheterization
Authors: Chamberlain Reid C. , Hill Kevin D. , Fleming Gregory A.
Published: August 2018

Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) involves anomalous drainage of all pulmonary veins to a location other than the left atrium and typically causes significant respiratory symptoms requiring urgent surgical repair. Premature infants born with obstructed TAPVC are often not considered to be suitable surgical candidates due to their size and therefore pose a significant treatment dilemma. Catheter-based interventions provide a temporizing option for infants with obstructed TAPVC, allowing for hemodynamic stabilization and growth until surgical intervention is feasible. We describe the course of two premature infants with obstructed TAPVC who were palliated with stenting of their anomalous pulmonary veins. Both infants required repeat catheter-based intervention for recurrent stenosis and ultimately underwent successful surgical repair at an acceptable weight and corrected gestational age. We propose that a novel catheter-based approach to initial management may be a beneficial option in the premature and low-weight patient population.
Screening for Hepatitis B: Serology Markers Interpretation
Authors: Cadet Myriam Jean
Published: August 2018

Occupational health nurses (OHNs) need adequate knowledge to interpret the serology markers when screening workers for Hepatitis B virus.
MobileMedia Sport: The Case for Building a Mobile Media and Communications Research Agenda
Authors: Hutchins Brett
Published: August 2018

Media sport researchers are frequently neglecting to analyse the rise, effects, and meanings of mobile media and communications. This situation is partly explained by the fact mobile media encompass practices, technologies, and markets that are grounded historically in the telecommunications and information technology industries, which sit apart from the broadcast (radio and television) and print (newspapers and magazines) media that dominated the transmission, circulation, and representation of professional sport for over a century. It is now time to build a research agenda dedicated to the study of mobile media and communications, especially given the proliferation of mobile digital computing and mobile Internet. Three reasons are presented in support of this argument. First, mobile media and telecommunications introduce stories into the history of media sport that need to be recognised if its contemporary features are to be properly contextualised and understood. Second, these stories are linked to an expanded range of meanings, technologies, and infrastructures captured by the term media that must now be accounted for. Third, mobile media reveal accelerating forms of hyper-commodification that are locking media sport into privately controlled market frameworks. A mobile research agenda also offers the potential for media sport scholarship to make a sustained contribution to the study of mediatisation processes, as well as mobile media and communications studies.
Another “D” in MUDPILES? A Review of Diet-Associated Nondiabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Hamid Mohsin , Mohammad Ammar Abdullah Hafez , Ur Rashid Mamoon , Inayat Faisal
Published: August 2018

Ketogenic diet or very-low-carbohydrate diet gained widespread popularity in the 1990s due to their favorable effects on weight loss and diabetes among others with good short-term safety data. People on ketogenic diets exist in a state of “dietary ketosis” in which the body production of ketone is equal to consumption and no harmful effects of ketonemia occur. However, in face of stress, the harmless “dietary ketosis” can lead to profound acid-base disturbances due to massive overproduction of ketone bodies that overwhelms the acid buffer system of the body. A handful of case reports have been published on this topic calling the safety of ketogenic diet into question. In this article, we chronicle a unique case of ketogenic (Atkins) diet–associated ketoacidosis, and we present a comprehensive literature review on the etiology of ketoacidosis.
On Motivational Interviewing for Oral Health Promotion: State of the Field and Future Directions
Authors: Randall C.L.
Published: August 2018

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Behavior is important in dental disease etiology, so behavioral interventions are needed for prevention and treatment. Motivational interviewing has been proposed as a potentially useful behavioral intervention for oral health promotion, but results from published studies are mixed. Furthermore, this literature is immature; basic efficacy research and innovative applications are still needed. Although likely not as a stand-alone intervention, motivational interviewing may hold promise for dental public health.
Exercise right heart catheterisation before and after pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic disease
Authors: Guth Stefan , Wiedenroth Christoph B. , Rieth Andreas , Richter Manuel J. , Gruenig Ekkehard , Ghofrani Hossein Ardeshir , Arlt Matthias , Liebetrau Christoph , Prüfer Diethard , Rolf Andreas , Hamm Christian W. , Mayer Eckhard
Published: August 2018

Symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) without pulmonary hypertension often show an excessive increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) during exercise.

We report on the impact of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) on pulmonary haemodynamics in a prospective series of 32 consecutive CTED patients who underwent PEA. All patients had a comprehensive diagnostic work-up including right heart catheterisation at baseline and 12 months after PEA. Furthermore, in 12 patients exercise right heart catheterisation was performed before and after PEA.

After PEA, MPAP was lower at rest (20±3versus17±3 mmHg; p=0.008) and during maximal exercise (39±8versus31±6 mmHg; p=0.016). The mean total pulmonary resistance (TPR) decreased from 3.6±0.8 Wood Units (WU) pre-operatively to 2.7±0.7 WU 1 year after PEA (p=0.004) and the mean slope of the MPAP/cardiac output (CO) relationship decreased from 3.6±1.0 to 2.3±0.8 WU (p=0.002). Peak oxygen uptake increased from 1.2±0.4 to 1.5±0.3 L·min−1(p=0.014) and ventilatory equivalents of carbon dioxide decreased from 39±2 to 30±2 (p=0.002). There was a significant improvement in quality of life assessed by the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review questionnaire.

In CTED patients, PEA resulted in haemodynamic and clinical improvements. The means of TPR and MPAP/CO slopes decreased to <3.0 WU.
Renal impairment during pemetrexed maintenance in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: a cohort study
Authors: Visser Sabine , Huisbrink Jeannine , van ‘t Veer Nils E. , van Toor Jermo J. , van Boxem Anton J.M. , van Walree Nico C. , Stricker Bruno H. , Aerts Joachim G.J.V.
Published: August 2018

Optimal survival benefit from different lines of anticancer treatment in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires conservation of renal function. We evaluated the development of renal impairment during pemetrexed maintenance.

In a prospective multicentre cohort study, we evaluated the incidence of acute/chronic kidney disease (AKD/CKD), its related treatment discontinuation frequency and associated clinical variables with AKD in patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC treated with pemetrexed maintenance. We validated the findings in an independent cohort.

190 patients received pemetrexed. In the primary cohort, 149 patients started induction, of whom 44 patients (30%) continued maintenance. In the independent cohort, 41 patients received maintenance. During maintenance 13 patients (30%) developed AKD, leading to CKD and treatment discontinuation in eight patients (62%) in the primary cohort. Higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (per unit 5 mL·min−1per 1.73 m2) before maintenance and induction (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.90 and OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98, respectively) and relative decline (per 10%) in eGFR during induction (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36–4.74) were associated with AKD during maintenance. In the independent cohort, 20 patients (49%) developed AKD, leading to CKD in 11 patients (55%) and treatment discontinuation in six patients (30%).

Patients are at risk for renal impairment during pemetrexed maintenance, which may jeopardise further lines of anticancer treatment.
Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles for cancer theragnostic applications
Authors: Uthaman Saji , Huh Kang Moo , Park In-Kyu
Published: August 2018

Background

Cancer is one of the deadliest threats to human health. Abnormal physiochemical conditions and dysregulated biosynthetic intermediates in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a significant role in modulating cancer cells to evade or defend conventional anti-cancer therapy such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the most important challenges in the development of anti-tumor therapy is the successful delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents specifically to solid tumors.

Main body

The recent progresses in development of TME responsive nanoparticles offers promising strategies for combating cancer by making use of the common attributes of tumor such as acidic and hypoxic microenvironments. In this review, we discussed the prominent strategies utilized in the development of tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles and mode of release of therapeutic cargo.

Conclusion

Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles offers a universal approach for anti-cancer therapy.
High-resolution gravity measurement aboard an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Ishihara Takemi , Shinohara Masanao , Fujimoto Hiromi , Kanazawa Toshihiko , Araya Akito , Yamada Tomoaki , Iizasa Kokichi , Tsukioka Satoshi , Omika Shinobu , Yoshiume Takeshi , Mochizuki Masashi , Uehira Kenji
Published: August 2018

We have developed an underwater gravity measurement system that uses an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for exploration of seafloor mineral deposits. An improved air/sea gravimeter mounted on a gimbal mechanism in a pressure capsule 50 cm in diameter was installed in the AUV Urashima. We carried out 11 AUV dives in Sagami Bay as well as in deep-sea mineral deposit areas offshore Japan. The AUV was navigated at a constant speed of 2 knots and at either constant depth or constant altitude above the sea bottom. We obtained high-resolution Bouguer anomaly data through processing of gravity data, water pressure data, and the AUV’s navigational data, including pitch and roll motion. In addition to a vertical acceleration correction using a precise pressure meter with an in situ conversion factor from pressure to depth, three additional corrections were made to the gravimeter data: corrections for the effects of a spatial separation and a time delay between the depth sensor and the gravimeter, and an adjustment to the conversion from pressure increments to depth increments. These new corrections allowed us to obtain high-resolution data in a constant-depth survey of the southern Izena Hole at a depth of approximately 1550 m. The data had a 0.1 mGal rms crossover difference after leveling. This survey revealed two high Bouguer anomaly areas with amplitudes of 1–2 mGal. A model calculation suggested that the anomalies result from the presence of two buried cylindrical high-density mineral deposits. Our data processing method allows the detection of mineral deposits located at or just beneath the seafloor using gravity data collected aboard AUVs. However, further improvements in resolution are desirable, particularly for surveys in areas with rugged topography.
Dexmedetomidine Pharmacokinetics and a New Dosing Paradigm in Infants Supported With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Wu Huali , Laughon Matthew , Greenberg Rachel G. , Walczak Richard , Schulman Scott R. , Smith P. Brian , Hornik Christoph P. , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Watt Kevin M.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Dexmedetomidine is increasingly used off-label in infants and children with cardiac disease during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and in the postoperative period. Despite its frequent use, optimal dosing of dexmedetomidine in the setting of CPB has not been identified but is expected to differ from dosing in those not supported with CPB. This study had the following aims: (1) characterize the effect of CPB on dexmedetomidine clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) in infants and young children; (2) characterize tolerance and sedation in patients receiving dexmedetomidine; and (3) identify preliminary dosing recommendations for infants and children undergoing CPB. We hypothesized that CL would decrease, and V would increase during CPB compared to pre- or post-CPB states.

METHODS:

Open-label, single-center, opportunistic pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety study of dexmedetomidine in patients ≤36 months of age administered dexmedetomidine per standard of care via continuous infusion. We analyzed dexmedetomidine PK data using standard nonlinear mixed effects modeling with NONMEM software. We compared model-estimated PK parameters to those from historical patients receiving dexmedetomidine before anesthesia for urologic, lower abdominal, or plastic surgery; after low-risk cardiac or craniofacial surgery; or during bronchoscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated the influence of CPB-related factors on PK estimates and used the final model to simulate dosing recommendations, targeting a plasma concentration previously associated with safety and efficacy (0.6 ng/mL). We used the Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate differences in dexmedetomidine exposure between infants with hypotension or bradycardia and those who did not develop these adverse events.

RESULTS:

We collected 213 dexmedetomidine plasma samples from 18 patients. Patients had a median (range) age of 3.3 months (0.1–34.0 months) and underwent CPB for 161 minutes (63–394 minutes). We estimated a CL of 13.4 L/h/70 kg (95% confidence interval, 2.6–24.2 L/h/70 kg) during CPB, compared to 42.1 L/h/70 kg (95% confidence interval, 38.7–45.8 L/h/70 kg) in the historical patients. No specific CPB-related factor had a statistically significant effect on PK. A loading dose of 0.7 µg/kg over 10 minutes before CPB, followed by maintenance infusions through CPB of 0.2 or 0.25 µg/kg/h in infants with postmenstrual ages of 42 or 92 weeks, respectively, maintained targeted concentrations. We identified no association between dexmedetomidine exposure and selected adverse events (P = .13).

CONCLUSIONS:

CPB is associated with lower CL during CPB in infants and young children compared to those not undergoing CPB. Further study should more closely investigate CPB-related factors that may influence CL.
Anesthesiologists’ Overconfidence in Their Perceived Knowledge of Neuromuscular Monitoring and Its Relevance to All Aspects of Medical Practice: An International Survey
Authors: Naguib Mohamed , Brull Sorin J. , Hunter Jennifer M. , Kopman Aaron F. , Fülesdi Béla , Johnson Ken B. , Arkes Hal R.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

In patients who receive a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) during anesthesia, undetected postoperative residual neuromuscular block is a common occurrence that carries a risk of potentially serious adverse events, particularly postoperative pulmonary complications. There is abundant evidence that residual block can be prevented when real-time (quantitative) neuromuscular monitoring with measurement of the train-of-four ratio is used to guide NMBD administration and reversal. Nevertheless, a significant percentage of anesthesiologists fail to use quantitative devices or even conventional peripheral nerve stimulators routinely. Our hypothesis was that a contributing factor to the nonutilization of neuromuscular monitoring was anesthesiologists’ overconfidence in their knowledge and ability to manage the use of NMBDs without such guidance.

METHODS:

We conducted an Internet-based multilingual survey among anesthesiologists worldwide. We asked respondents to answer 9 true/false questions related to the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Participants were also asked to rate their confidence in the accuracy of each of their answers on a scale of 50% (pure guess) to 100% (certain of answer).

RESULTS:

Two thousand five hundred sixty persons accessed the website; of these, 1629 anesthesiologists from 80 countries completed the 9-question survey. The respondents correctly answered only 57% of the questions. In contrast, the mean confidence exhibited by the respondents was 84%, which was significantly greater than their accuracy. Of the 1629 respondents, 1496 (92%) were overconfident.

CONCLUSIONS:

The anesthesiologists surveyed expressed overconfidence in their knowledge and ability to manage the use of NMBDs. This overconfidence may be partially responsible for the failure to adopt routine perioperative neuromuscular monitoring. When clinicians are highly confident in their knowledge about a procedure, they are less likely to modify their clinical practice or seek further guidance on its use.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Amisulpride as Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Who Have Had No Prior Prophylaxis
Authors: Candiotti Keith A. , Kranke Peter , Bergese Sergio D. , Melson Timothy I. , Motsch Johann , Siddiqui Naveed , Chung Frances , Rodriguez Yiliam , Minkowitz Harold S. , Ayad Sabry S. , Diemunsch Pierre , Fox Gabriel
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurs commonly in surgical patients despite widespread prophylactic antiemetic use. Rescue options are currently limited. 5HT3 antagonists are most frequently used for prophylaxis, but if they fail, additional doses are not effective as rescue medication. Intravenous (IV) amisulpride, a well-studied D2/D3 antagonist, has been shown in trials to prevent PONV. This study was designed to determine if amisulpride could be used to treat established PONV in patients at low-to-moderate risk of PONV who had not received any prior prophylaxis.

METHODS:

Men and women aged over 18 years were permitted to enroll if they were to undergo general inhalational anesthesia, expected to last at least 1 hour, for an outpatient or inpatient surgical procedure. Patients who then suffered PONV were randomized equally to 1 of 3 single-dose IV regimens: placebo or 5 or 10 mg amisulpride. The primary end point was complete response, defined as no emesis in the period 30 minutes to 24 hours after study drug treatment and no use of rescue medication in the entire 24-hour period.

RESULTS:

One thousand nine hundred eighty-eight patients were enrolled preoperatively, of whom 560 were randomized to a treatment arm. Complete response occurred in 39 of 181 patients (21.5%) in the placebo group compared to 60 of 191 patients (31.4%; P = .016) and 59 of 188 patients (31.4%; P = .016) in the amisulpride 5 and 10 mg groups, respectively. The adverse event profile of amisulpride at either dose was similar to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:

IV amisulpride at 5 and 10 mg was safe and efficacious in the treatment of established PONV in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia with no prior PONV prophylaxis.
Trade-offs between immunity and testosterone in male African ground squirrels
Authors: O'Brien Kelsey A. , Waterman Jane M. , Anderson W. Gary , Bennett Nigel C.
Published: August 2018

The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) proposes that testosterone has both beneficial effects on male reproductive potential and negative effects by suppressing the immune system. However, support for the ICHH has been variable and an alternative hypothesis suggests that testosterone may be acting indirectly via cortisol to suppress immunity (the stress-linked ICHH). A third hypothesis is that increased energetic investment in immunity results in the suppression of testosterone. We tested these hypotheses in male Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) through two separate manipulations; first by triggering a strong immune response using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and secondly by increasing circulating testosterone using silastic testosterone implants. Responding to an immune challenge significantly reduced testosterone, supporting the immunity suppression hypothesis, while increasing circulating testosterone had no effect on immunocompetence, body mass, ectoparasite abundances or cortisol levels, failing to support either the ICHH or stress-linked ICHH. Our results add to the increasing body of literature that challenges the ICHH, and we conclude that the trade-off between testosterone and immunity is mediated through immune activation and not through testosterone in male Cape ground squirrels. Being able to test the ICHH, stress-linked ICHH and immune suppression hypotheses in a free ranging mammal gives us a unique opportunity to examine the mechanisms mediating this trade-off.
Physical Activity Patterns and Mortality: The Weekend Warrior and Activity Bouts
Authors: SHIROMA ERIC J. , LEE I-MIN , SCHEPPS MITCHELL A. , KAMADA MASAMITSU , HARRIS TAMARA B.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to examine how accelerometer-assessed physical activity accumulation patterns (e.g., is activity performed daily or only 1 or 2 d·wk−1 or is activity accrued in bouts) may affect the association with mortality.

Methods

Adults (N = 3438), age 40 yr and older, who wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph 7164), were drawn from the longitudinal follow-up of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2003–2006), a population-based survey of the United States. Accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was described by activity patterns. Participants engaging in the majority of their activity on only 1 or 2 d·wk−1· were classified as “weekend warriors.” Activity bouts were defined as a period of at least moderate intensity lasting at least 10 min. Bout characteristics included bout frequency and length. Mortality was assessed through National Death Index matching through 2013. Mortality rates were compared among groups with different activity patterns.

Results

Over an average follow-up of 77.4 months, 394 deaths occurred. Compared to participants with <37.5 min of MVPA per week, those with greater amounts of activity had a 60% to 69% mortality rate reduction after adjusting for relevant covariables. Similar risk reductions were found when contrasting weekend warriors with those who were more frequently active. An increase of one MVPA bout per week was associated with a 13% increased mortality rate. Bout duration was not associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Physical activity is associated with decreased mortality rate, even among those who are active 1 or 2 d·wk−1.
Coletas de dados por meio de tablets – prático, barato e de fácil programação
Authors: Teixeira Inaian Pignatti , Nakamura Priscila Missaki , Smirmaul Bruno Paula Caraça , Campos Leonardo de , Kokubun Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se relatar uma experiência de utilização de um dispositivo móvel para coleta de dados, além de descrever os procedimentos para sua implementação. A pesquisa foi composta por dois momentos: entrevistas de 2008 realizadas por meio de papel e caneta e em 2014-2015 por meio de dispositivos móveis. O processo de implementação dos questionários nesses dispositivos móveis seguiu três etapas: i) escolha do dispositivo móvel; ii) escolha do aplicativo; iii) desenvolvimento e programação do aplicativo. Quando comparada à coleta utilizando papel e caneta, a utilização de tablet apresentou uma economia monetária de 25,8%, sendo que, para uma coleta futura, essa economia seria de 99,2%, e uma economia de tempo superior à 56,9%. Os resultados apontam que o uso de tablet para coleta de dados em pesquisas epidemiológicas deve ser encorajado, uma vez que apresenta benefícios espaciais, econômicos e temporais quando comparado ao uso do papel e caneta.
Metendo o negro na História: a participação do (africano) na formação do “brasileiro”, na visão de Sílvio Romero
Authors: Costa Cicero João
Published: August 2018

Nos Projetos de Brasis a temática racial foi sempre parte integrante de um discurso nacional, que surgia em tempos de crise econômica e política. Intérprete importante da Geração 1870, Sílvio Romero de forma inédita buscou analisar a participação do africano na formação do caráter brasileiro. Sem a formação de campos hoje rigidamente delimitados, o bacharel investiu numa análise minuciosa em busca do lugar, e assim, da participação do africano na História do Brasil. Crente nas teorias do determinismo, do evolucionismo e do positivismo, Sílvio coligiu o amplo quadro cultural, em busca da contribuição de cada uma das raças. Era de suma importância investigar as raízes nacionais, para apontar as causas do atraso do país e anotar os remédios para sua superação. A temática racial foi o grande argumento por parte da elite brasileira na justificativa do atraso do país.Palavras-chaves: Brasil, Sílvio Romero, raça.
The myth of luxury in a fashion world
Authors: Wachenfeldt Paula Von
Published: August 2018

If luxury is more relevant today it is perhaps due to its ubiquitous presence. This study examines the meaning of luxury and the myth that surrounds the exclusive goods. How do we classify luxury in relation to fashion? And how can we recognize a luxury item when most of the houses apply the same selling strategies as the ones of the fashion industry? A semiotic analysis of three luxury houses helps us to map out this blurry landscape and this by looking first at the sociocultural signs that are characteristic of a luxury brand, and second, by exploring today’s representations of luxury brands on the market. Findings indicate that the luxury label today can in reality only be restricted to a few houses while the myth of luxury is still trying to blow life in the consumer’s mind.
Manufacturing fashion: Access and alienation in The September Issue and Mademoiselle C
Authors: Williams Aimee
Published: August 2018

The following article examines the mechanisms structuring two thematically similar documentaries: The September Issue and Mademoiselle C. I consider both documentaries for their common fixation on the public and private lives of two prominent fashion editors: American Vogue’s Editor-in-Chief Anna Wintour and CR Fashion Book’s Carine Roitfeld. Examining a few key scenes from these documentaries, I discuss the cinematic techniques that create illusions of access, discussing the resulting power dynamics structuring each production.
Strength in numbers: B-girls, gender identities and hip-hop education
Authors: Fogarty Mary , Cleto Erica , Zsolt Jessie , Melindy Jacqueline
Published: August 2018

This article examines the experiences of females in local, community breaking (dance) programmes. The Toronto B-Girl Movement is a series of programmes offering lessons in breaking led by KeepRockinYou, an arts collective of women. Through ethnographic methods, researchers considered what motivates novice b-girls to take up breaking and what their experience of the scene and programme are. Building on the seminal work about gender performativity (Butler 1990), popular music education and gender (Green 1997), and female-led spaces (Björck 2011), we argue that novice b-girls do not necessarily identify their dance practice as resistant, empowering or ‘badass’ (Johnson 2014), instead these discourses are learned, performed and/or rejected. We suggest that intergenerational exchanges between women are productive in facilitating social rewards for new dancers (friendships, access to codes and conventions of hip-hop culture, mentorship and moral support). A growing number of females participating in the hip-hop scene locally is one result.
The fifth element? Using the tradition of knowledge and education in Hip Hop to transform classroom outcomes
Authors: Meacham Shuaib , Muhammad Lamont , Mennenga Kerri
Published: August 2018

This article is a conceptual exploration of Hip Hop culture as a pedagogical resource, not only for students of colour, but for all students who may be disengaged from traditional approaches to teaching and learning. This article explores the idea of Hip Hop as a ‘double-voiced’ practice, a practice that speaks to mainstream educational competencies while articulating dispositions and perspectives drawn from vernacular cultural experiences. Examples of this practice examined the educational preparation of a Black male pre-service teacher and a White female teacher seeking ways to better connect with her Black students. In both cases, Hip Hop provides pedagogical resources which speak to identity and educational possibility which transformed the educational experiences of both individuals.
Book Reviews
Authors: Cooper Patrick K. , Goodrich Andrew
Published: August 2018

The Cambridge Companion to Hip-Hop, Justin A. Williams (2015)

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 370 pp.,

ISBN: 9781107643864, p/bk, $30.99

Rebel Music: Resistance Through Hip Hop and Punk, P. Parmar, A. J. Nocella, S. Robertson and M. Diaz (eds) (2015)

Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 164 pp.,

ISBN: 9781623969097, p/bk, $45.99 USD
‘You Can Never Kill Me’: Racism and resilience in Hip Hop
Authors: Chaney Cassandra
Published: August 2018

Focusing on two aspects of the experience of African Americans – racism and resilience – this article explores themes in fourteen Hip Hop songs published between 1989 and 2016, selected from the website, Ranker. This website provides a forum for users to share, discuss and vote on Hip Hop songs that relate to racism. A content analysis of the song lyrics reveals three themes related to racism: (1) law enforcement, (2) penal system and (3) poverty. African Americans are resilient in three ways: through racial pride, racial harmony and through a resolve to remain strong. Hip Hop artists encourage resilience through resistance in the form of political activism, through acknowledging individual and collective worth and by envisioning (and working towards) racial harmony.
Perbandingan Melatonin dan Prosedur Deprivasi Tidur untuk Persiapan Pemeriksaan Elektroensefalografi pada Anak
Authors: Handryastuti Setyo , Budi Lenny S. , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Tambunan Taralan , Firmansyah Agus , Widodo Dwi P. , Putranti Alifiani H.
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang. Elektroensefalografi (EEG) adalah pemeriksaan penunjang epilepsi yang dilakukan saat anak sadar dan tidur alami. Melatonin merupakan premedikasi EEG yang diharapkan menimbulkan awitan tidur lebih cepat, lama tidur cukup, tidak memengaruhi stadium tidur, timbulnya gelombang epileptiform, efek samping lebih kecil dibanding prosedur deprivasi tidur parsial (DTP). Tujuan. 1. Mengetahui perbandingan melatonin dan prosedur DTP dalam hal awitan, stadium dan lama tidur, timbulnya gelombang epileptiform, kegagalan pemeriksaan EEG. 2. Mengetahui perbedaan efek samping pemberian melatonin dibandingkan DTP. Metode. Uji klinik acak tersamar tunggal pada 76 subyek berusia 1-18 tahun yang menjalani pemeriksaan EEG di Departemen IKA-RSCM. Subyek dibagi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok melatonin per oral dan DTP. Dilakukan pencatatan awitan, stadium dan durasi tidur, timbulnya gelombang epileptiform, efek samping yang timbul.Hasil. Rerata awitan tidur kelompok DTP 42,39 menit, melatonin 33,97 menit (p≤0,01). Rerata lama tidur kelompok DTP 22,58 menit, melatonin 25,09 menit (p=0,144). Stadium tidur, timbulnya gelombang epileptiform dan efek samping pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan. Awitan tidur kelompok melatonin lebih cepat dibandingkan DTP. Durasi, stadium tidur, gelombang epileptiform kedua kelompok mirip dengan tidur alamiah dan tidak ada perbedaan efek samping. Kegagalan EEG pada kelompok melatonin lebih kecil dibandingkan prosedur DTP. Disimpulkan melatonin dapat digunakan sebagai premedikasi EEG pada anak.
Do castelo para a rede, da Europa para a América: aplicação da teoria da interconstitucionalidade na Corte Interamericana
Authors: Demarchi Clovis , Susin Jaine Cristina
Published: August 2018

A liberdade adquirida com o avanço tecnológico permite trocas entre indivíduos e organizações que perpassam as fronteiras dos Estados, ignorando o poder-estatal, em um mundo globalizado. Essa complexidade reflete-se no mundo jurídico, pois o direito é um produto cultural, compelindo o surgimento de teorias a explicar novos fenômenos sócio jurídicos de intercâmbio constitucional. O presente artigo visa apresentar a teoria da interconstitucionalidade, surgida no velho mundo, e analisar a sua aplicação na América Latina, por meio das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.
Diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: prevalence, morbidity, mortality, parameters of glycaemic control and structure of glucose lowering therapy according to the Federal Diabetes Register, status 2017
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Shestakova Marina V. , Vikulova Olga K. , Zheleznyakova Anna V. , Isakov Michail А.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: The enormous social lesion caused by high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) determines the state importance of clinical and epidemiological monitoring organization.
AIMS: To analyze epidemiological characteristics (prevalence, mortality, morbidity), the level ofHbA1c, evaluate the therapy in Russian Federation in 20132017.
METHODS: We have used the database of the Russian Federal Diabetes register 81 regions included in the online register system.
RESULTS: The total number of patients with DM was 4,498m. (3.06% RF population), including: Type 1 (T1) 5,7% (0,26 m), T2 92,1% (4,15m), other DM types 1,9% (83,8 ths). Distribution male/female: T1 53.5%/46.5%, T2 29%/71%, other DM types 24%/76%. The proportion of men decreases with aging. Number of patients 65 years was 2.293.520, including T1 21.97ths (3.6%), T2 2m271.5ths (54.7%). The prevalence 20132017 per 100,000 population was as follows: T1 159,8169,6; T2 2455.32775.6; other DM types 51,265,8. Morbidity: T1 9,87,0; T2 226,7185,2; other DM types 7,812,4. The structure of causes of death 20132017: T1: diabetic coma 2,01,5%, myocardial infarction 4,04,4%, cerebral circulation disorders 8,27,6%, cardiovascular insufficiency 18,516,4%, chronic renal failure 6,16,0%; T2 0,20,2%, 4,54,5%, 12,712,2%, 29,028,6%, 1,21,8%, respectively. Mortality: T1 2.3; T2 68.4, other DM types 0,8. Life expectancy (average age of death of patients): T1 male 50.350.2, female 60.257.2; T2 69.870.3, 75.175.9 respectively. The number of patients with targetHbA1clevel 7%: T1 22.334.0%, T2 38.052.4%;HbA1c9.0%: T1 29.221.1%, T2 12.68.8%. The most commonly prescribed classes of glucose lowering medications (GLM) in 2017: in monotherapy Metformin (57.3%), Sulfonilurea (SU) (41,1%); in combination of 2 GLM: Metformin+SU 92,58% Metformin+iDPP-4 5.63%; 3 or more GLM: Metformin+SU+iDPP-4 83,9%, Metformin+SU+iSGLT-2 8.98%. The proportion of patients on aGPP-1 therapy is 0.01%.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed the growth of prevalence of DM in Russian Federation and decrease in registered morbidity rate; an increase in life expectancy in T2; decrease in mortality due to diabetic coms and stable mortality rate from cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, cv deficiency), gangrene, chronic renal failure in both types of DM; a steady improvement in glycemic control. In the structure of T2 therapy the oral GLMs are dominated, especially Metformin and SU. In the dynamics the prescription of Metformin, insulin, iDPP-4, iSGLT-2 has increased, the proportion of SU has decreased.
Trends in the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016)
Authors: Shamkhalova Minara S. , Vikulova Olga K. , Zheleznyakova Anna V. , Isakov Michail A. , Shestakova Marina V. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), this determines the importance of the study of epidemiological characteristics of the disease.
AIMS: To assess the epidemiological characteristics of CKD in adult DM patients with type 1 (T1), 2 (T2) in Russian Federation in 201316.
METHODS: We have used the database of the Russian Federal Diabetes register, 81st regions included in online register. Indicators were estimated per 10,000 adult DM patients (18years).
RESULTS: In 2016, the CKD frequency registration was T1 23%, T2 6.9% with marked interregional differences 1.5-49.9%, 0.623.5%, respectively. The CKD prevalence in dynamics 20132016 was 2171.42303.0 in T1 and 512.687.2 in T2. The incidence of new CKD cases increased 2 times in T1 (215.5 vs 104.2), and 3.7 times in T2 (190.4 vs 51.8). The analysis of distribution by CKD stages by KDIGO indicates the increase in the proportion of patients with low and moderate cardiovascular risk and end stage renal disease (ESRD) (with the initial stages of CKD, C1/2 A1) - 12.046.8% in T1; 10.050.4% in T2. The proportion of patients with a very high risk (stages C4/5 C3aA3 and C3bA2-3) progressively decreases: 13.46.7% in T1, 11.34.4% in T2. We observed relation between the CKD prevalence and DM duration. CKD develops in 5.1% patients if T15 years and in 48.0% if T130years; in T2 3.5% and 20.3%, respectively. The average age of CKD onset in T1 increased for 4,3yr (36,140,2), in T2 for 2,4yr (64,466,8), DM duration until CKD development increased in T1 11.814.2yr, in T2 7.68.2yr.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant improvement in the quality of CKD diagnostics at the earlier stages, older age and a longer DM duration before CKD onset in both types while we observed the increasing trends in CKD prevalence in Russian Federation in the dynamics of 2013-2016. Advances in the management of patients with DM in recent years do not reduce the risk of CKD, but give us a delay in its development. The marked interregional differences frequency of registration of CKD might indicate some remaining problems in verification in a number of regions where the standard for mandatory assessment of albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate not implemented.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults: current ideas about predictors development of damage of a myocardium and diagnostics of components of a disease
Authors: Panevin Taras S. , Molashenko Natalia V. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Golovenko Elena N.
Published: August 2018

The autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults (APS) is characterized by the damage of two and more endocrine glands leading more often to development of their hormonal insufficiency. The basis of most autoimmune endocrine diseases is lymphoid and macrophage infiltration of the target organ. Often in patients with one autoimmune disease, other components of the APS appear after a some time of latent period. Besides defeat organs of endocrine system which are including to the APS also not endocrine organs can be part of autoimmune defeat. Although defeat of cardiovascular system is not included in the structure of the APS, in some clinical cases development of damage of a myocardium in the absence of clinically shown damage of heart against the background of the combined autoimmune endocrine pathology is described. The saved-up clinical this development of damage of a myocardium on the background of autoimmune endocrine insufficiency and also laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnostics is presented in the review at this state. The most promising diagnostic methods for this condition are the determination of autoantibodies to myocardial components and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. In clinical practice, it is possible to widely use the definition of antibodies to myocardium by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as using standardized immunoenzyme test systems.The saved-up clinical this development of damage of a myocardium on the background of autoimmune endocrine insufficiency and also laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnostics is presented in the review at this state.
A Politics of Habitability: Plants, Healing, and Sovereignty in a Toxic World
Authors: Langwick Stacey Ann
Published: August 2018

For Tanzanians, modern bodies bear complicated toxic loads not only because of the dumping of capitalism’s harmful by-products but also because of the social-material effects of efforts designed to address insecurity, poverty, and disease. Dawa lishe(nutritious medicine) is forged in this double bind. Producers of dawa lisheproblematize toxicity as the condition under which life is attenuated, diminished, depleted, exhausted, or drained away. Therapies attend not only to individual bodies but also to relations among people, plants, and the soil. The efficacy of herbal remedies and of gardens full of therapeutic foods and nutritious herbs rests in the cultivation of the forms of strength that make places, times, and bodies livable again (and again). This essay examines how Tanzanians are laboring over, and reflecting on, the toxic and its relationship to remedy and memory through dawa lishe. In the process, it argues, they are redefining healing through a politics of habitability.
Identification of KLF3 gene polymorphism in Indonesian Friesian Holstein cattle
Authors: Agung P. P. , Laoditta F.
Published: August 2018

The KLF3 gene was a potential genetic marker candidate due to its involvement in many biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. This study was conducted to identify the KLF3 gene polymorphism in the Indonesian FH cattle. A total of 302 individual cattle blood samples from West Java (n=138), Central Java (n=34), and East Java (n=130) provincies were used to obtainDNA samples. The DNA sequencing was performed using 9 samples (each location of sampling represented by 3 samples) for initial identification of the KLF3 gene polymorphismand followed by PCR-RFLP analysis using all DNA samples. There were two SNPs identified in the intron region of the KLF3 gene i.e. SNP g.59607486delC and SNP g.59607554A>G. The SNP g.59607554A>G could be detected using PCR-RFLP method with HpyCH4IV restriction enzyme and resulted three genotypes of the KLF3 gene (AA, AG, and GG) but its heterozygosity value was low in the Indonesian FH cattle. The AA genotype has the highest frequency (0.73), while the AGand GG genotypes frequency were 0.24 and 0.03, respectively. Information about the KLF3 gene polymorphism in this study can be considered for further study to analyse its association with milk and protein yield traits.
Calcium deposition in egg due to substitution of limestone by eggshell flour in feed of laying hens
Authors: Kismiati S. , Yuwanta T. , Zuprizal Z. , Supadmo S. , Atmomarsono U.
Published: August 2018

The aim of this research was to evaluate calcium deposition in egg using eggshell flour as a limestone substitute in feed. Two hundreds laying hen of Isa Brown strain of 25 weeks were used in this study. Treatments were diet with 7.5% limestone as control (T0), 2.5% limestone is substituted with eggshell flour(T1), 5% limestone is substituted with eggshell flour (T2) and limestone is substituted with eggshell flour (T3). A completly randomized design were used to allocated the treatments with 5 replications of each. Each experimental unit consists of 10 laying hens. Parameters measured were egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, eggshell weight, calcium of egg (yolk, albumen and eggshell), length, weight and Ca of tibia bone. The results showed that substitution of limestone with eggshell flour had significantly effect (P<0.05) on eggshell weight, Ca deposition on yolk, albumen, and Ca of tibia bone but non significantly effect on egg weight, weight and percentage of yolk, weight and percentage of albumen, percentage and Ca of eggshell, length and weight of tibia bone. In conclusion, calcium deposition in yolk was the highest in the use of 7.5% eggshell flour to substitute limestone but obtained the lowest Ca of bone , while calcium deposition in albumen was the highest in the use of 2.5% eggshell flour.
Feeding microparticle protein diet combined with Lactobacillus sp. on existence of intestinal bacteria and growth of broiler chickens
Authors: Cholis M. A. , Suthama N. , Sukamto B.
Published: August 2018

The objective of the study was to evaluate feeding effect of microparticle protein derived from soybean meal and fish meal combined with Lactobacillus sp. at 1.2 mL on physiological condition of digestive tract and productivity of broiler. Total of 192 broiler, with initial body weight was 481.0 ± 67.2 g, given dietary treatment starting on day 21 until day 42. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Dietary treatment were 21% intact protein (T0), 18% intact protein (T1), 21% microparticle protein (T2), 18% microparticle protein (T3), T0+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T4), T1+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T5), T2+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T6), T3+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T7). Parameters measured were total ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Coliform and pH, rate of passage, daily body weight gain (DWG) and also carcass weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Experimental results showed that microparticle protein diet added with Lactobacillus sp. (P<0.05) increased total LAB and DWG, but decreased Coliform population, and slowed down the rate of passage. However, carcass weight was not significantly affected by treatments. Feeding microparticle protein (18%) with addition of Lactobacillus sp. (1.2 mL) can improve to be better condition of digestive tract based on higher LAB and lower Coliform populations, and increase daily body weight gain with the same carcass weight.