bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older people's transformative learning in a project group
Authors: Furlan Meta
Published: September 2021

A project group could be a foundation for a group members' transformative learning as older people in a project group foster learning, researching and acting publicly through cooperation. We see transformative learning as a key part of lifelong learning of older people because it does not only increase knowledge but also increases awareness of oneself and the local community. Transformative learning, however, may be seen as a way to help adults make sense of their experiences and make meaning of. In the article we will introduce theories of transformative learning, situated learning and biographical learning. Furthermore, we will think about the concept of ageing in place and examine the concept of inclusion of older people into society. The empirical part of the project explores the process of learning and education of older people through their active involvement into a project group of the international project Personal Town Tours. We found that participation in the project's activities and research of the city of Ljubljana are an incentive for transformative learning through place attachment.
Teaching perspectives inventory (TPI): Validation and possibilities of scale application in Serbia
Authors: Lungulov Biljana , Milutinović Jovana , Anđelković Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Research directed at an ex amination of teachers' beliefs, conceptions, and perspectives on teaching demonstrate that these phenomena define teachers' perceptions and behavior, as well as influence students' learning and teaching efficiency. For the purposes of testing teachers' perceptions, we created the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI). The goal of this research is the validation and adaptation of this scale on a sample of 526 university professors in Serbia. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirm the five-factor model, which to a certain extent differs from the structure of the original instrument. All five sub-scales demonstrate adequate internal consistency in the range from .70 to .87, whereby good convergent validity is also confirmed. The modified version of TPI ensured the validation of originally defined teaching perspectives, and it was concluded that this scale may be used reliably in the educational context of Serbia.
Teachers' experiences throughout professional training with the help of facilitators
Authors: Đević Rajka , Vujačić Milja
Published: September 2021

The importance of facilitator support is given particular emphasis within the modern conceptions of professional teacher training. Starting with the premise that perceiving teachers' perspective is of vital importance for understanding this process, the goal of our research was to examine the experiences of teachers throughout continual professional training for the application of innovative teaching methods with the help of facilitators. By applying qualitative thematic analysis, we have examined audio recording transcripts created during 18 individual conversations that the facilitators conducted with three teachers from a primary school in Belgrade. The results of the research show that the experiences of teachers in this process are overall positive and that it prompted them to reconsider existing practices and implicit pedagogical beliefs, and introduced positive developments in their work. The individual work of facilitators with teachers founded on trust demonstrates potential when it comes to encouragement and maintaining teachers' motivation for implementing innovations and undergoing further professional training. We have highlighted the key implications of the obtained findings and provided guidelines for further research in the area.
Business cycle synchronization and monetary policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Jović Dragan
Published: September 2021

By adopting the currency board at the end of the last century, and by pegging its exchange rate to the Euro, a quarter of a century ago, Bosnia and Herzegovina surrendered a great part of its monetary policy in the hand of European Central Bank in the hope that the synchronization of the business cycle will make foreign monetary policy completely suitable for Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time during these two decades, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been developing and using reserve requirement and remuneration as discretionary instruments of monetary policy. The research shows that the domestic business cycle and the foreign one are relatively weakly synchronized compared to other countries' degree of synchronization, and by this findings current discretionary monetary policy and its further development and enrichment with new instruments is fully justified. Bosnia and Herzegovina must continue with developing its own discretionary monetary policy without relying on foreign monetary policy.
The impact of service quality and service characteristics on customer satisfaction in the North Macedonian banking sector
Authors: Naumovska-Saveska Maja , Tomovska-Misoska Ana , Efremov Krum , Petrovska Ilijana
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in the North Macedonian banking sector. The study aims to show that customer satisfaction is based on the role and impact of service quality. We try to find out which service quality dimensions may enhance customer satisfaction in a better way in Bank Y. We examined a range of theories and concepts related to customer satisfaction, service, service quality, loyalty, SERVQUAL model and financial services. Within the investigation process, we have collected data out of 68 completely and correctly filled questionnaires. The results confirmed that there is a connection between service quality and customer satisfaction. We have found out that there are significant dimensions where banks should make improvements in order to achieve positive impressions and experience of its clients. Following, we gave a proposed strategy and instructions for action as a finalization part of this research.
Application of the EDAS method in the evaluation of bank efficiency in Serbia
Authors: Lukić Radojko
Published: September 2021

Recently, as it is known, the evaluation of the performance (efficiency) of banks is increasingly performed on the basis of multi-criteria analysis. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the efficiency of banks in Serbia based on the EDAS method. In this context, adequate measures have been proposed to improve the efficiency of banks in Serbia in the future. The obtained results of empirical research using the given method show that the efficiency of banks in Serbia has recently significantly improved. It was the best in 2019. It was positively influenced by numerous macro and micro factors (economic climate, living standard, political stability, digitalization of business).
Sustainable finance: Evolution or revolution in the banking sector
Authors: Sredojević Slađana , Sredojević Dragoslava
Published: September 2021

Sustainable Development nowadays became a dominant paradigm for both public and private sectors. Several Strategic Agendas such as European Green Deal, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs, Climate Action and others, at their core values have a great set of actions ranging from reduction of the CO2 levels, through financing of particular projects, to the improvement of general welfare of the economies and societies. Due to the funding gap, there is a growing interest for private sector financing, particularly sustainable financing, and its role and contribution to the mentioned ultimate goals. The objective of the research is to analyze the factors and progress that have been made in setting up the framework in sustainable financing at the EU and international level. This paper will aim to identify the direction and the channels of its potential impact on the banking sector, as well as to describe ways in which this new culture is developing in the banking sector. The paper will particularly try to identify if the banking sector is proactive or reactive, by observing initiatives and projects at the international, European, and local level that have been developing for the last two decades, and based on that, to try to assess if a concept of sustainability and sustainable finance represent an evolution (upgrade of the existing culture and practice) or a revolution (new paradigm) in the banking sector.
Optimal thermal sensors placement based on indoor thermal environment characterization by using CFD model
Authors: Faridah F , Utami Sentagi , Yanti Ressy , Sunarno S , Nurjani Emilya , Wijaya Rony
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses an analysis to obtain the optimal thermal sensor placement based on indoor thermal characteristics. The method relies on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation by manipulating the outdoor climate and indoor air conditioning (AC) system. First, the alternative sensor's position is considered the optimum installation and the occupant's safety. Utilizing the Standardized Euclidean Distance (SED) analysis, these positions are then selected for the best position using the distribution of the thermal parameters' values data at the activity zones. Onsite measurement validated the CFD model results with the maximum root means square error, RMSE, between both data sets as 0.8°C for temperature, the relative humidity of 3.5%, and an air velocity of 0.08m/s, due to the significant effect of the building location. The Standardized Euclidean Distance (SED) analysis results are the optimum sensor positions that accurately, consistently, and have the optimum % coverage representing the thermal condition at 1,1m floor level. At the optimal positions, actual sensors are installed and proven to be valid results since sensors could detect thermal variables at the height of 1.1m with SED validation values of 2.5±0.3, 2.2±0.6, 2.0±1.1, for R15, R33, and R40, respectively.
Application of the CL-systems technology for water injection wells at an oil and gas field
Authors: Saychenko Liliya , Karantharath Radharkrishnan
Published: September 2021

To date, the development of the oil and gas industry can be characterized by a decline in the efficiency of the development of hydrocarbon deposits. High water cut-off is often caused by water breaking through a highly permeable reservoir interval, which often leads to the shutdown of wells due to the unprofitability of their further operation. In this paper, the application of straightening the profile log technology for injection wells of the Muravlenkovsky oil and gas field is justified. In the course of this work, the results of field studies are systematized. The reasons for water breakthrough were determined, and the main ways of filtration of the injected water were identified using tracer surveys. The use of CL-systems technology based on polyacrylamide and chromium acetate is recommended. The forecast of the estimated additional oil produced was made.
Possibilty of applying Bull algebra in creating an accounting information system
Authors: Lojaničić Darko , Trajković Slaviša , Tasić Svetlana
Published: September 2021

Modern business organizations are facing a multidimensional problem of creating an accounting information system is a multidimensional problem. The presence of mathematics in solving such problems is often a necessity, which is why, in this case, mathematical relations Presence of mathematics in solving such problems is often a necessity, which is why, in this case, mathematical relations using Boolean algebra represent the basis for solving problems related to the development and functioning of an adequate accounting information system.
Development of small and medium enterprises in Serbia
Authors: Pavlović Marko , Popović Jovanka , Turnjanin Dragan
Published: September 2021

The paper presents an analysis of attitudes of management or the management team of entrepreneurs in Serbia, which relate to examining attitudes regarding innovations in the future. The paper used a questionnaire, conceived by the authors on the basis of existing research and adapted it to this research. The research was conducted on the entire territory of Serbia. The total number of respondents in Serbia is 50. Data processing was done with the help of the statistical program SPSS version 23. Based on views of respondents, certain conclusions were reached on what is necessary to do in the future, given that in 2020 the country adopts a new small and medium enterprise development strategy plan.
Importance of sustainable human resources management on the example of trade companies in Kruševac
Authors: Staletović Maja , Kojić Nenad , Milačić Srećko , Dajić Milan
Published: September 2021

It can be said that today, given the relevance of the concept of sustainability, sustainable human resource management is a decisive factor in successful functioning of any organizational system. The main goal of this paper is to points to the importance of human resource management in accordance with the concept of sustainable development, starting from the importance of the concept of sustainable development for modern business, as well as from the new place and new role of man in all social processes. In order to achieve the set goal, a survey was conducted in trade companies in the city of Kruševac, the essence of which is to obtain data on whether managers in these companies informed their employees about the importance of the concept of sustainable development, and to what extent a way that does not imply jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Activity of Albanian emigration in the West towards the issue of Kosovo and Metohija (1945-1969)
Authors: Vukadinović Igor
Published: September 2021

After the Second World War, a large number of members of the fascist regime of the Kingdom of Albania found refuge in Italy, Turkey and the countries of Western Europe, where they continued to politically act. The leading political options in exile - Balli Kombetar, Zogists and pro-Italian National Independent Bloc, decided to cooperate with each other, so they have formed the Albanian National Committee in 1946. The turning point for the Albanian extreme emigration in the West is Operation Valuable, by which the United States and Great Britain sought to overthrow the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania. Although the operation failed, strong ties were forged between US and British intelligence and Albanian nacionalist emigration, which were further intensified in the 1960s. Xhafer Deva, who was dedicated to act on the annexation of Kosovo and Metohija to Albania, immigrated to the United States in 1956 and established cooperation with the CIA. Albanian emigration in the West applied different methods in politics towards Kosovo and Metohija. Some organizations, such as Xhafer Deva's Third Prizren League, have focused on lobbying Western intelligence. The Bali Kombetar Independent, headquatered in Rome, paid particular attention to working with Albanian high school and student youth in Kosovo and Metohija. The Alliance of Kosovo, formed in 1949, was engaged in subtle methods of involving Albanian nationalists in Yugoslav state structures, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav People's Army, and educational and health institutions in Kosovo and Metohija. Albanian emigration was also involved in violent demonstrations in Kosovo and Metohija in 1968, and cooperated on this issue with the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania.
Ritual context of religious conversion in a short story 'Ljuta neman (Angry Monster)' written by Grigorije Božović
Authors: Jevtić Jelena
Published: September 2021

In the darkness of Turkish feudalism, the Serbian people fought to preserve their identity through the ritual and customary practice and tradition. The aim of this paper, which analyzes the short story entitled Ljuta neman (Eng. Angry Monster) by Grigorije Božović, is to determine the function of rituals as a communication channel and regulations in a social community with disturbed harmony. Religious conversion as a kind of violation of customs and destruction of harmony as a consequence brings the psychological drama of the search for identity that the those who were converted experienced, always torn between what they were and what they were not.
The problem of justifying inductive reasoning
Authors: Nedeljković Mitar
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the author considers the classical strategies of defense from Hume's argument against induction, and assesses the extent to which they were found to be successful. Synthetic, linguistic, a priori, pragmatic, and inductive strategies of defending induction are considered, as well as the question of the extent to which the justification of induction is a problem for grounding scientific knowledge. A new argument is introduced for the a priori justification of induction, as well as a critique of the synthetic and inductive defenses of induction by Black and Jacquette.
Written preparation for history class
Authors: Marsenić Miloš
Published: September 2021

Teaching is an organized and planned work process that accomplishes the tasks of upbringing and education. The success of teaching depends on the quality of planning. The lecturer has the obligation to perform planning continuously. Planning can be annual, monthly, and daily, and for the processing of each teaching unit, it is necessary to have the class prepared. Class is the basic time unit for planning educational work in the school. Each lesson must be preceded by the appropriate written preparation of the teacher. It should not be an obligation but a need for the material to be successfully mastered. Every class is special and with good preparation mistakes and shortcomings are minimized. Each writing preparation for a class has several phases: professional, didactic-methodical, and technical preparation. After these phases, the making of written preparation is approached. It should contain the following elements: name of the school, name of the teacher, name of the subject, grade and class, date, the ordinal number of class, teaching topic, teaching unit, type of class, goals and tasks of the class, form of work, teaching methods, teaching AIDS, correlation with other subjects, class flow, homework, the layout of the board and observations about the class. The methodology of teaching history has similarities with the methods of other subjects, but also its peculiarities, due to its subject of work, history.
The collection 'Svinja je odličan plivač' (1971) by Miroljub Todorović in the light of Serbo-Polish connections
Authors: Marićević-Balać Jelena
Published: September 2021

The introductory part of the paper highlights the threefold importance of Miroljub Todorović's poetry collection Svinja je odličan plivač [A Pig Is an Excellent Swimmer] (1971). The success of the book is important for Signalism and the work of Miroljub Todorović, as well as literary reception since a selection of his poetry (2009) and a recent Polish edition (2020) bear the same title. We refer to the image of the pig as in a diary and the poetry and prose in Šatrovački argot, so as to portray the poetic pig motif as complementary with the works of Signalism. Ultimately, we approach the 1971 poetry collection in a comparatist manner, comparing the poetry of Signalism to the poetry of the Polish poetess Ewa Lipska. In relation to being compared to the poetry of Ewa Lipska, the pig becomes a signum of a mankind deprived of love. Further comparison between the poetry book Svinja je odličan plivač and the poetry of the Polish poetess is founded on the similarities and differences in terms of their respective relationship towards machines, surrealism, the eyes motif, children, the concept of time, and the figures of Shakespeare and Socrates.
A Short Research on the use of Selectional Restriction Violations among Lyrics
Authors: Lugaoqiang - , Liu Zhang , Han Xiao
Published: September 2021

Songs, along with poetry, short stories, novels, and dramas, belong to the language of humanity (literary language). As an art form that began to be popular in the last century, it has come into the view of linguists more frequently today.Between its lines, vivid expressions such as “city can sleep”, “animals can talk to each other” and “memory can dance” often appear. This abnormal writing skill refers to a unique linguistic phenomenon ------ Selective Restriction Violation(SRV) explained by Noam Chomsky and is often associated with “metaphor” according to generative grammarians and cognitive linguists. In this research article, 10 representative sentences from popular musics’ list in recent years were selected in order to explore more about this phenomenon in music field. After a detailed analysis, it is found that it appears frequently and The author prefers to use the technique of “replacing concrete nouns with abstract nouns”(9 from all 10 sentences) although it is a special linguistic phenomenon. The underlying reason for writing in this way might be that metaphorical expressions can not only make the sentence more vivid, but also help readers more accurately understand the ideas which authors want to express.
The Textuality of “Anansesεm”: A Pedagogical and Ideological Resource in Traditional Human Relations among the Akans in Ghana
Authors: Arthur Peter , Gbolo Sanka Confidence , Abaka Philomena
Published: September 2021

“Anansesεm”, far from being just a tradional source of entertainment for the youth in Ghana, as the uninitiated would believe it, is a serious Akan discursive approach to providing the social philosophy that guides their life. This investigation is done using ethnographic and structural analysis approaches that pair characters in “anansesεm” to create a binary or coding system and this system helps to interpret the social ideologies inherent in the text. Through such interpretations, it is seen that the framing of the “anansesεm” text gives us a dual function for Ananse__ an art and a character. The Akans combine both functions as a huge pedagogical and ideological resource for training the youth and for socializing the adults. The paper also unpacks the epistemology of the Akan social order as a function of good thinking on the part of the individual members and this is a prerequisite for a peaceful society.
The Translator as a Communicator: Bracketed Insertions Eliciting Mutual Cooperation with Receptors
Authors: Amin Hawamdeh Mohammad
Published: September 2021

The present study aims at observing how bracketed insertions in translation elicit mutual cooperation with receptors. As a survey-based study applying to an officially approved English interpretation of the Quran, it seeks to examine whether any insertions in brackets hinder the SL message from being well-conveyed and for what reasons they may be left out of it. Methodically, a multifaceted, self-administered questionnaire including two text-types of the Quran with an identical set of questions per each was completed by 73 potential English-speaking readers. Found to be generally cooperative, the subject insertions were agreed to be true (78.8%) and informative (74.7%) in favor of the Madani text but not to be relevant (72.6%) nor perspicuous (76.9%) in favor of the Makki one. They were helping to those having any knowledge of Arabic, translating and the Quran yet hindering to those having no knowledge of Arabic, translating or the Quran. The technical insertions depending on the translator’s view of an appropriate relationship between the author’s text and the TL version were the most frequent ones to be left out in favor of the Madani text for ‘saying irrelevant, unimportant things’. Eventually, an improved interpretation is recommended as many TAiPs could be included, adapted, modified or excluded.INTRODUCTION
The Challenges Facing English Language Teachers in Turkey
Authors: Valizadeh Mohammadreza
Published: September 2021

This study, which utilized a mixed-methods design, aimed at investigating the challenges facing English language teachers in Turkey. Moreover, the study explored the probable effects of age, years of teaching experience, and teaching sector (i.e. state vs. private) on English language teachers’ perceptions of challenges in terms of school environment, students, community and parents, teachers’ skills, and curriculum. The data were gathered from 153 English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Turkey via a questionnaire, including both open-ended questions and close-ended items on Likert-scale format. Many teachers complained that emotional support from the school principal is not enough, and classes are crowded, too. Those who worked in villages even complained about the problems of school buildings and environments. Half of the respondents believed that parents are unaware of the importance of English language and they do not cooperate with English language teachers. The majority of the teachers maintained that they need many training programs, such as workshops on using specific aids for teaching English language. The majority of the Turkish teachers of English complained that pressure from curriculum demands inhibits creative and innovative language teaching. In addition, they lack enough time and facilities to meet the requirements of the curriculum. Moreover, some teachers complained that the curriculum lacks sufficient attention to Turkish EFL learners' oral communication skills. Teachers’ age, years of teaching experience, and teaching sector did not significantly affect the teachers’ perceptions about the challenges. A set of recommendations is presented in this paper which can contribute to tackling the challenges.
English for Geotourism Speaking Achievement of the Youth Guides at Khorat Geopark Area in Nakhon Ratchasima via Language Instruction Innovation
Authors: Phaiboonnugulkij Malinee , Srisupha Rujira , Kanta Mayuree , Janpong Wijitporn
Published: September 2021

This study aims to compare the youth guides’ speaking scores before and after learning through English for Geotourism Instruction Innovation at Khorat Geopark Area in Nakhon Ratchasima, investigate the differences among their tasks’ mean scores and their speaking components. The sample group consists of 109 youth guides who are Grade 11 English-major students from, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima, Sung Noen and Chaloem Phrakiat Districts. The instruments include lesson plans for English for Geotourism Youth Guides, Students Manual, English Instruction Innovation for Geotourism Communication at Khorat Geopark Area Nakhon Ratchasima, and Pre-post speaking tests for English for Geotourism Youth Guides. Paired-samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA, descriptive statistics including minimum, maximum, means and standard deviations are used in data analysis. Results showed that the youth guides had a significant difference between pre-and post-test scores at.00 level in English for Geotourism. They gained significantly higher post-test scores than that of the pre-test scores. A significant difference indicates that learning through English for Geotourism Instruction resulted in higher post-test tasks scores. The significant differences are also found in pre- and post-task scores and the speaking components’ scores at.00 level. These findings confirm that this language innovation instruction is an effective open learning resource that can facilitate self-regulated learning and languages used in English for Geotourism. The findings can be applied to construct language innovation instruction to exclusively develop speaking skill in other English for specific purposes field.
Dylan Thomas’s “In the White Giant’s Thigh”:A Wild Love of Art Song
Authors: Bharadwaj S.
Published: September 2021

In the poem “In the White Giant’s Thigh,” Dylan Thomas projects the contemporary poets’ wild passion for Eliotian amoral art song and their suffering and the contradistinction of his own occasional love of Yeatsian Grecian altruistic art song and his delight. The poem is at bottom optimistic as it offers the metaphysical and the metempirical wild lovers an alternative process of art song and also carries salvation to transcend their sorrowful failure. It is Thomas’s faith in the Yeatsian process of transfiguration and transformation, the possibility of deliverance from the bondage of experience and ignorance that assures him of success and appeal in his art songs, that Auden repudiates in his metaphysical process of transgression and transmigration and his immortal vision of aesthetic amoral art song. The poem implies that Auden, as a result of his continual ignorance of the human reality of life and death, his stoic love of metaphysical art and reality, loses his grandeur and literary reputation and stoops to the level of a common man susceptible to hatred and indignation, violence and vengeance like the victims of his art songs, the political, the war and the Movement poets who remain equally ignorant of the metaphysical process and the reality of breath and death.
Practice of Eye Checks among Medical Doctors in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Onwuegbuna Arinze Anthony , Apakama Akunne Ijeoma , Amobi Miriam-Benigna Chika , Chianakwalam Emeka Akujuobi , Okosa Chuka Michael , Igboegwu Ejike Ekene , Eleje George Uchenna
Published: September 2021

Visual impairment greatly affects one’s quality of life. The number of persons with visual impairment and blindness in the world is on the increase. Eye screening allows for early detection of sight-threatening diseases and timely intervention could be sight-saving. 

Aim: To determine the practice of eye checks and identify the factors that affect periodic eye checks among medical doctors in south-east Nigeria.

Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among practicing medical doctors in private and public hospitals in Anambra State Nigeria, using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Information obtained from the participants included the sociodemographics data, type and duration of practice, presence of any medical and/or ocular condition, family history of eye diseases, history of use of spectacles, practice of eye check and interval of eye check, factors affecting the practice of eye check, and ways of promoting regular eye check. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Statistical significance was set at p˂0.05. 

Results: One hundred and eighty-seven practicing  medical doctors were interviewed. There were 123 (65.8%) males and 64 (34.2%) females. Their ages ranged from 24 to 80 years, with a mean age of 44.81 ± 12.73 years. The mean duration of professional practice was 18.16 ± 11.9 years. Majority, 124 (66.3%) works in government-owned hospitals. Among the study participants, 93(49.7%) doctors had been diagnosed with different ocular diseases; 99(52.9%) had a family history of ocular problems; 94(50.3%) had used prescription lenses; and 51(27.3%) had medical conditions. One hundred and twelve (59.9%) had undergone at least  eye examinations once, of which 54(48.2%) had their last eye examination over 5 years ago. The prevalence of eye check was 59.9% (95%CI: 52.9 – 66.9%). Eye checks were significantly associated with medical practice of over 20 years (P=0.030), working in a private practice (P=0.001), having eye diseases such as cataract (P=0.006), refractive error (P˂0.001), presbyopia (P˂0.001), and use of prescription spectacles (P˂0.001). ‘Belief of not having eye problems’ and ‘No time’ which accounted for 58.7% and 24.0% respectively were the commonest reasons for not regularly  having eye examinations. 

Conclusion: Poor attitude to periodic eye examinations was seen in medical doctors in south east Nigeria.
Labour Absorption in Crop Production for Principal Crops in Semi-Arid and Flood Prone Eastern Plain Region of Rajasthan
Authors: Rajput Arjun Singh , Sharma Vikalp , Jangid M. K. , Sharma Latika , Pant D. C.
Published: September 2021

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to study the labour absorption (both family and hired labour) in principal crops in Semi-Arid and Flood Prone Eastern Plain Region of Rajasthan. The primary data were collected from 200 households of 10 villages during the year 2018-2019. To study the labour absorption in crop production for principal crops the model suggested by Singh, 1996 was used. In semi-arid and flood prone eastern region (Region-III), the average labour absorption in crop production was 48.72 man-days per hectare in selected principal crops i.e., pearl millet, green gram, wheat, rapeseed & mustard and chickpea. The participation of family and hired labour was 31.11 man-days per hectare and 17.61 man-days per hectare in region-III. The wage rate for machine labour was maximum on marginal farms (Rs. 849.86 per hour) while minimum on large farms (Rs. 596.71 per hour).
Physicochemical, Sensory, and Microbial Characteristics of Kindirmou and Pendidam, Two Traditional Fermented Milks of Adamawa - Cameroon, as Affected by the Fermentation Vessels
Authors: Tchamba Noël Mervie Mbiada , Mohammadou Bouba Adji , Pahane Majesté , Maiwore Justine , Tatsadjieu Léopold Ngoune
Published: September 2021

Recent data show that the containers traditionally used for fermentation, due to their nature, exchange with the fermented product, the consequence being a modification of the physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of these products. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the fermentation vessel on the sensory, physicochemical, and microbial properties of kindirmou and pendidam, two traditional fermented milks from Adamawa - Cameroon. To this end, a descriptive test was used to generate the sensory properties of fermented milks in different containers, followed by biochemical (pH, titratable acidity, protein, sugar content, and total phenolic compounds) and microbiological analyses (total aerobic mesophilic flora, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds). Regarding sensory evaluation, samples of kindirmou and pendidam fermented in calabashes have a higher general acceptability than those fermented in plastic buckets and enamel plates. The total mesophilic flora and total coliforms were higher than the norm (≥ 6log10) for kindirmou and pendidam regardless of the fermentation vessel. The absence of yeasts and molds is noted in the samples of kindirmou, while they are found at very high levels in the samples of pendidam fermented in the calabash and in the enamel plates ((≥ 6log10). Fecal coliforms are absent in samples of kindirmou and pendidam fermented in the calabash, while they are found in samples fermented in plastic buckets and enamel plates. On the physicochemical level, the results obtained showed that the kindirmou fermented in the calabash had the highest soluble protein content (1.47 ± 0.04 g / 100 mL of milk) than those fermented in plastic bucket and enamel plates. The phenolic compounds are present only in the samples of milk fermented in the calabash and the average contents are 93.41 ± 3.04 mg / 100 mL of milk for kindirmou and 111.20 ± 2.01 mg / 100 mL for pendidam.

To conclude, kindirmou and pendidam fermented in calabashes exhibit the best sensory and physicochemical characteristics, and are rich in bioactive compounds than those fermented in plastic buckets and enamel plates.
Correlating the School Climate and Teacher Leadership of Catholic Schools in Antique, Philippines
Authors: Bual Joel M. , Madrigal Dennis V.
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study assessed the degree of school climate and extent of teacher leadership of Catholic schools in Antique, Philippines. It also investigated the difference in the school climate when assessors were grouped according to the designation. Likewise, it correlated the teachers' age, sex, employment status, educational attainment, and professional status with the teacher leadership. Finally, it determined the relationship between school climate and teacher leadership.

Methodology: The study utilized the descriptive-comparative and correlational design. The respondents were 486 administrators, teachers, and students of these Catholic schools during 2020-2021. It employed the adopted school climate questionnaire and standardized teacher leadership scale in gathering the data. In data analysis, Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequency Count, Percentage Distribution, Rank, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman Rank Correlation were used.

Results: Generally, the school climate (M=2.87, SD=0.56) is very satisfactory with relationship (M=3.02, SD=0.66) as the highest and physical resources aspect (M=2.73, SD=0.69), the lowest. The teacher leadership (M=3.03, SD=0.56) is practiced to a great extent with community (M=3.16, SD=0.62) as the highest and policy (M=2.96, SD=0.65) and professional learning (M=2.95, SD=0.64), the lowest. It also showed that there was no difference in school climate assessment [H(1)=0.688, P=.407]. Regarding the correlation, there was no relationship between age [ρ(153)=-0.020, P=.808], sex [ρ(153)=0.076, P=.350], employment status [ρ(153)=0.036, P=.657], educational attainment [ρ(153)=0.140, P=.082], professional status [ρ(153)=-0.028, P=.730] and teacher leadership. Meanwhile, there was relationship between the school climate and teacher leadership [ρ(484)=0.605, P=.000]. The top school climate challenges are teaching strategies, academic loading, and physical environment. In terms of teacher leadership, the top issues are teacher evaluation, professional development support, communicative relationship, and teacher involvement and recognition.

Conclusion: Establishment of a healthy and supportive Catholic school environment is vitally essential both in maintaining the school climate and in mobilizing the teachers in their exercise of leadership.
Academic Motivation and Self-Esteem as Correlates of Academic Achievement in English Language among Senior Secondary School Students in Imo State
Authors: Chioma Jennifer Okonkwo
Published: September 2021

This study investigated academic motivation and self-esteem as correlates of academic achievement in English language among senior secondary school students in Imo State. Three research questions guided the study while three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. This study adopted correlational research design. The area of the study is Imo State Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of all the 5,498 senior secondary year two (SS2) students in the 456 public secondary schools in Imo State. A sample of 1,200 SS2 English language students was used in this study using proportionate sampling technique. The students’ academic motivation questionnaire (SAMQ) was adapted from ‘Students’ Motivation towards Science Learning (SMTSL) Questionnaire’ which was a 20-item questionnaire. The students’ Self-esteem Scale (SES) was a 30-items questionnaire used to ascertain self-esteem of SS 2 English Language students. The academic achievement test was measured by English Language examination scores derived from SS 2 English Language students’ termly results for 2019/2020 academic session. Students’ Academic Motivation Questionnaire was an adapted instrument and therefore subjected to face validation by three experts. Cronbach Alpha Method was used to determine the internal consistency of SAMQ and a co-efficient of 0.81 was obtained. Pearson Product Moment was used to answer the research questions while correlated samples t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The finding revealed that there is very weak negative and significant relationship between secondary school students’ academic motivation and their academic achievement in English language. The finding also revealed that there is a weak negative and significant relationship between secondary school students’ self-esteem and their academic achievement in English language. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that parents and teachers should team up to encourage their students in building their positive self-esteem and to provide basic needs of their children/ward which are related to their teaching subjects in order to improve their academic performance.
Rationalization of the Pattern of Rural Out Migration: An Application of a Composite and In ated Probability Models
Authors: Singh Brijesh P. , Singh Sandeep , Das Utpal Dhar
Published: September 2021

Migration is a term that encompasses a permanent or temporary change in residence between some specific defined geographical or political areas. In recent years, it has not only contributed a lot to the change in size and composition of the population, but also it leaves a significant impact on the socio-economic characteristics of the origin and destination population. In the present paper an attempt has been made to examine the distribution of the number of rural out migrants from household through composite probability models based on certain assumptions. Poisson distribution compounded with exponential distribution and its composite and in ated form has been examined for some real data set of rural out migration. The parameters of the proposed models have been estimated by method of moments. The distributions are quite satisfactory to explain the phenomenon of rural out migration. Also the distribution of average number of adult migrants has been examined for all the data sets.
Extended Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Application to Failure Data
Authors: Alademomi Aladesuyi , Ademola Philips Samuel , David Adefolarin Adekunle
Published: September 2021

This paper introduces a new three parameter Rayleigh distribution which generalizes the Rayleigh distribution. The new model is referred to as Extended Rayleigh (ER) distribution. Various mathematical properties of the new model including ordinary and incomplete moment, quantile function, generating function are derived. We propose the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters. A real life data set is used to compare the flexibility of the new model with other models.
Review of the Valorization of Normalized Red Mud as Environmentally Sustainable Waste Management
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Das Madhurima , Mishra Saswat
Published: September 2021

The Red Mud has focused through major industrial and scientific research in industrial waste valorization. Red mud is the discarded produce of alumina extraction processes from its parent the bauxite ore. Its high alkalinity causes it to be kept in large quantities, resulting in increased deforestation. Annually, it is estimated that 64.2 MMT of red mud wastes are formed around the world, and India produces about 9MMT with less hope of being reused, posing a serious threat of pollution and contamination of both soil, ground water and the environment. Large numbers of research have shown that this bauxite solid waste can be refurbished to make construction bricks, pavement tiles, ceramic materials, but no full large-scale benign re-utilization have been made. The intent of the research is to probe in to the applications of red mud in the construction and various sectors, giving emphasis on Indian context. Other researchers' observations were considered and analyzed in terms of environmental, economic, and technical feasibility to fulfill zero waste demand due to red mud.
Economic Performance and Consraints Faced by Tur Dal Processing Units- Bharuch District, Gujarat
Authors: Hiremath Deepa , Rudrapur Shreeshail , Dubey L. R. , Choyal Bhanupriya
Published: September 2021

The study of economic performance of Tur dal processing units in terms of cost is very essential for accelerating the growth of agriculture processing industries. The present study was undertaken to work out the unit fixed costs, variable costs, production costs and returns of processing of Tur dal and different constraints faced by Tur dal processors of Bharuch District of Gujarat. The primary data pertained to consecutive three years i.e., 2017-18, 2018-2019, and 2019-20 were collected from the sample of three Tur dal mills from Bharuch, Ankleshwar and Vaghra talukas of Bharuch district. The results indicated that the average capital investment for a dal mill per unit was Rs. 7, 10, 00,000. The average fixed cost and average variable cost per quintal was of INR 46.10 and 245.46 respectively. Hence, average processing cost per quintal was worked out to be Rs. 291.56. The gross return per quintal of processed tur dal was Rs. 5754.50. The average content of tur dal and by- products was in the proportion of 72 per cent and 28 per cent respectively, by weight. The recovery in one quintal of tur was 65 kg of tur dal, 7 kg of broken dal and 28 kg of chala/chuni/ dead seed. The net returns per quintal after processing was found to be Rs. 579.61. It was found that, inadequate supply of raw material for processing especially during off season was the major constraint faced by the dal mill owners followed by units not running on full capacity utilization during offseason and irregular electricity supply to run the unit, etc.
The Effects of Global Value Chain Participation on Current Account Balances in African Economies: Does it Matter Being a Landlocked Country?: An Empirical Review
Authors: Paul Ningaye , Anatole Tchounga , Francis Kenfack Geraud
Published: September 2021

The general objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of Global Value Chain Participation (GVCP) on Current Account Balance (CAB) in African countries. The specific objectives are to (1) identify the type of GVCP that contributes more significantly and positively to African countries’ current account balance and (2) find out whether being landlocked affects a country’s participation in global value chain in Africa. This paper uses panel data from three secondary sources: (1) UNCTAD-EORA database (2018) for forward and backward participation indicators, (2) WDI (2018) for current account balance, FDI, population and trade openness and (3) PWT 9.1 for exchange rates. In a linear panel specification, this research applies the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) econometric techniques and results highlight firstly that forward GVCP contributes more significantly and positively to CAB in Africa with a coefficient ranging between 1.64 and 2.43 in various regressions. Secondly, the effect of GVCP on CAB is reduced in landlocked African countries as revealed in its negative and significant coefficient of -2.33 as the variables are interacted. This paper recommends that, African countries should embark on forward participation and improve connectivity infrastructure to facilitate the participation of landlocked African economies in global interactions.