bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis in Chinese cattle populations: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huiying Zhang , Shuiyun Chen , Mingfeng Chu , Wei Cheng , Honghai Wang , Xuelong Chen , Yanping Qi , Liang Yuchen
Published: October 2024

Background
Bovine paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease of ruminants primarily caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. It is essentially a chronic granulomatous enteritis characterized by intractable diarrhea, progressive lethargy, and thickening of the intestinal mucosa with the formation of crumpled pouches that might be related to Crohn's disease in humans. Bovine paratuberculosis not only adversely affects milk production and the quality of dairy products but also poses a significant threat to the economic development of dairy farming and human food security. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection among cattle herds in mainland China.
Results
In China, the overall estimated prevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection in cattle was 9% (7728/ 102340). Interestingly, the Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection rate in cattle in southern China was estimated to be 2% (6/281), which was significantly lower compared with other regions of China, and the highest infection rate was 12% (1914/16008) in eastern China. Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection rates were related to age, average herd size, type of use, season, detection method, and sample type.
Conclusion
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection in cattle was common in China. Therefore, further studies and monitoring of the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection are necessary to develop novel intervention strategies. The analysis identified age, average herd size, type of use, and season as significant potential risk factors associated with paratuberculosis pool positivity. In addition, the detection method and sample type can also potentially affect the incidence of detected paratuberculosis.
Voices from the Field: A Qualitative Study of Humanitarian Practitioners’ Experiences in Delivering Sexual and Reproductive Health Services to the Rohingya in Cox’s Bazar
Authors: Banerjee Deeplina
Published: October 2024

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for the Rohingya in Bangladesh’s Cox’s Bazar focus on critical interventions like maternal and newborn care, access to family planning and modern contraceptives, and community-based programming. This study explores the experiences of humanitarian practitioners in delivering SRH care during protracted humanitarian crises. This study uses qualitative research methods, including 23 semi-structured interviews with international and local humanitarian practitioners who were or are involved with the delivery of SRH care to the Rohingya in Bangladesh’s Cox’s Bazar. Although SRH services are available free of cost, religious and cultural beliefs, myths, and misinformation lead to low uptake among the Rohingya, particularly women and girls. Operational, infrastructural, and resource constraints also exacerbate the existing barriers in service delivery. Nevertheless, humanitarian and aid organizations have developed strategic interventions to continue the delivery of emergency and critical SRH services. Adopting cultural sensitivity and involving faith-based leaders in SRH-related communication has led to promising developments in Cox’s Bazar. The introduction of community-based transportation and volunteers has enhanced access to SRH services for women and girls. Capacity-building initiatives for local community health volunteers have also resulted in a greater sense of empowerment within the Rohingya community. The findings and discussion in this study reinforce the need for humanitarian practitioners to adopt community-involved and innovative strategies to increase SRH service utilization and build trust among conflict-affected populations.
Comparative Analysis of Land-Based vs. Water-Based Balance Training on Quality of Life and Physical and Psychological Deficits in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Influence of Exercise Environment
Authors: Naderi Aynollah , Ahi Khadije
Published: October 2024

Background Aquatic training is recognized for its effective and gentle rehabilitation benefits, yet its effects on athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) is not well-studied. This research aims to compare the effects of water-based (WBBE) and land-based (LBBE) balance training on functional performance, dynamic balance, fear of reinjury, and quality of life in athletes with CAI, hypothesizing that aquatic training will lead to greater improvements.Methods Forty-one athletes with CAI were randomly assigned to either the WBBE group (n = 21) or the LBBE group (n = 20). Both groups participated in an identical balance training program consisting of 24 sessions over 8 weeks, each lasting 30–45 minutes. Functional ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), kinesiophobia with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17), and quality of life with the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Dynamic postural control was measured with the Y Balance Test (YBT), and functional performance was evaluated through the Figure-8 hop (F8H) and the single-limb side-hop (SLSH) tests. Perceived treatment effects were assessed using the Global Rating of Change (GROC). Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).Results The statistical analysis of the study revealed no significant time × group interaction effects for CAIT scores, kinesiophobia scores, the Psychological Quality of Life (QoL) Component, or SEBT scores (p > 0.05). The LBBE group showed significant improvements in functional tasks, specifically in F8H and SLSH scores, compared to the WBBE group (p < 0.05), while the WBBE group had better outcomes in overall Quality of Life and the Physical QoL Component than the LBBE group (p < 0.05).Conclusion Both land-based and water-based balance exercises offer unique benefits for rehabilitating athletes with CAI, with land-based exercises improving functional performance and water-based exercises enhancing overall and physical Quality of Life. A flexible, individualized rehabilitation program that incorporates both modalities can optimize recovery and address specific needs like Quality of Life and functional performance, despite no significant differences in ankle stability, kinesiophobia, psychological QoL, and dynamic balance between the two approaches.Trial registration Clinical Trials: UMIN000051746
Kato-Katz versus Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen for the Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in Preschool- aged children in Homabay County- Kenya
Authors: Isaiah Phyllis Munyiva , Nyawanda Bryan , Okoyo Collins , Steinmann Peter
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis of schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (PSAC) is challenging. Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) assays offer potential improvements in diagnostic access in hard-to-reach areas over the conventional Kato-Katz (KK) test.
This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of KK versus POC-CCA in urine and stool samples from PSAC in a S. mansoni endemic hard-to-reach area in Kenya.
Using combined positive results of both KK and POC-CCA tests as the ‘gold standard’, the overall sensitivity of KK (57.6%, 95%CI: 49.1-65.8) was significantly lower than that of POC-CCA (73.2%, 95%CI: 65.0-80.4); ꭕ2m = 5.88, p = 0.015. There was moderate agreement between KK and the combined results (k = 0.599, p < 0.001, concordance 80.9%) and a substantial agreement between POC-CCA and the combined results (k = 0.753, p < 0.001, concordance 88.1%).
POC-CCA is a more sensitive diagnostic tool for schistosomiasis surveillance in PSAC compared to KK, particularly in hard-to-reach endemic areas and PSAC.
Examining Use of Telehealth in Jails: Linking Women to Community OUD Services
Authors: Staton Michele , Levi Mary , Winston Erin , Oser Carrie B. , Fallin-Bennett Amanda , Dickson Megan , Webster J. Matthew , Leukefeld Carl , Tillson Martha
Published: October 2024

Background
Opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a significant health care need for women, particularly those involved in the criminal legal system (CLS). There are no studies to date that focus on the utilization of telehealth as a platform for assessment and linkage to medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) at community re-entry for women, despite the fact that women have unique risk factors that may contribute to opioid relapse in the community. The purpose of this mixed-methods study is to provide an overview of the innovative use of telehealth for linking incarcerated women to community MOUD treatment in the Kentucky-hub of the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN).
Methods
Participants included women incarcerated in five Kentucky jails (N = 600) who were randomly selected, endorsed criteria consistent with OUD, provided informed consent, and participated in a telehealth intervention prior to jail release.
Results
Findings from this study suggest overall support for the use of telehealth between community MOUD treatment providers and women who are incarcerated using videoconferencing technology. On average, there was very little variation in provider favorable feedback related to clinical engagement or in face-to-face comparability, as well as how telehealth allowed the participant to discuss personal and sensitive issues during the clinical assessment.
Conclusions
Study findings suggest benefits associated with the use of telehealth in increasing access to treatment for women with OUD. Jails are critical venues for telehealth interventions because they provide the opportunity to reach women who have been actively using illicit substances, often have advanced-stage substance use disorders which have compromised their health and mental health, and often have not been previously identified as needing treatment. Trial registration: This study was originally registered on 8/23/19, ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT04069624.
Trial registration: This study was originally registered on 8/23/19, ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT04069624.
Separation of plasma species for investigating the impact of hydrogen plasmas on the work function of caesiated surfaces
Authors: Heiler Adrian , Friedl Roland , Fantz Ursel
Published: October 2024

In negative hydrogen ion sources in situ adsorption of Cs is typically used to generate low work function converter surfaces. The achievement of a temporally stable low work function coating is, however, challenging due to the hydrogen plasma interaction with the surface. Particularly in ion sources for neutral beam injection systems for fusion with pulse lengths of minutes to hours temporal instabilities are a major issue and limit the source performance. To clarify the influence of the hydrogen plasma on the converter surface, investigations are performed at an experiment equipped with an absolute work function diagnostic based on the photoelectric effect. Caesiated surfaces are exposed to the full plasma impact by the generation of plasmas in front of the surface as well as to selected plasma species (H atoms, positive ions and VUV/UV photons) from an external plasma source to identify driving mechanisms that lead to surface changes. Depending on the exposure time and initial surface condition, the plasma strongly affects the surface in terms of work function and quantum efficiency (QE). For degraded Cs layers (work function >3 eV) a favorable increase in QE and reduction in work function can be achieved, while for Cs layers with an ultra-low work function of 1.2-1.3 eV the opposite is true. It is found that each plasma species can influence the Cs layers and that VUV photons lead to a work function increase of ultra-low work function layers. For sufficiently high VUV fluences a severe work function increase by 0.5 eV is given, highlighting the relevance of photochemical processes in the plasma-surface interaction and demonstrating that ultra-low work function layers are not stable in a hydrogen plasma environment.
Numerical study of a three-dimensional ramp flow field for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
Authors: Wang Y. , Hou J. , Li Y. C.
Published: October 2024

The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are regarded as a key technology for alleviating resource constraints and addressing environmental challenges. To enhance the output power and mass transfer characteristics of PEMFC, this study developed a 3D model of a PEMFC featuring a wedge-shaped flow field plate using CFD methods. The study focused on analyzing the flow behavior and hydrothermal management of reactants, as well as examining the water removal capacity and mass transfer characteristics across various angular channel configurations. The results indicated that different inlet methods combined with ramped flow channels affected the mass transfer within the fuel cell. The polarization curves showed greater consistency for reacting gases flowing both downstream and countercurrent. When the reacting gas flowed countercurrent, it did not favor the uniform distribution of the gas, despite its strong water removal capacity and mass transfer characteristics. The greatest impact on the performance of PEMFC was observed when the reaction gases flowed convectively. At a tilt angle of 18° and a voltage of 0.25 V, the maximum current density reached to 19,547 A/m², representing a 24.7% increase over the conventional parallel flow channel. Under these conditions, the reactive gases were more uniformly distributed within the PEMFC, and the water removal capability was significantly enhanced. The results demonstrated that the new wedge-shaped flow field plate of PEMFC can generate high current densities at larger angles and lower voltages, enhancing oxygen distribution and facilitating the efficient removal of liquid water.
Off-highway truck setup influence on vehicle dynamics and frame durability
Authors: Dantas A. E. , Faria M. T.C.
Published: October 2024

The unpaved roads of mining sites can not only lead to health problems on haul truck’s driver but also reduce its frame useful life and provide worse handling performance. This study investigates the influence of different suspension-tire setups on the behaviour of a 64-ton mining haul truck, focusing on the initial gas volume of the hydropneumatic suspension (HPS) and tire inflation pressure. Using a multibody model, typical manoeuvres were simulated to assess handling, comfort, and frame durability. Results suggested that softer suspension and tire setups could enhance ride comfort and frame durability without substantially affecting handling.
Mantodea phylogenomics provides new insights into X-chromosome progression and evolutionary radiation
Authors: Liu Hangwei , Lei Lihong , Jiang Fan , Zhang Bo , Wang Hengchao , Zhang Yutong , Wang Anqi , Zhao Hanbo , Wang Guirong , Fan Wei
Published: October 2024

Background
Praying mantises, members of the order Mantodea, play important roles in agriculture, medicine, bionics, and entertainment. However, the scarcity of genomic resources has hindered extensive studies on mantis evolution and behaviour.
Results
Here, we present the chromosome-scale reference genomes of five mantis species: the European mantis (Mantis religiosa), Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis), triangle dead leaf mantis (Deroplatys truncata), orchid mantis (Hymenopus coronatus), and metallic mantis (Metallyticus violaceus). We found that transposable element expansion is the major force governing genome size in Mantodea. Based on whole-alignments, we deduced that the Mantodea ancestor may have had only one X chromosome and that translocations between the X chromosome and an autosome may have occurred in the lineage of the superfamily Mantoidea. Furthermore, we found a lower evolutionary rate for the metallic mantis than for the other mantises. We also found that Mantodea underwent rapid radiation after the K-Pg mass extinction event, which could have contributed to the confusion in species classification.
Conclusions
We present the chromosome-scale reference genomes of five mantis species to reveal the X-chromosome evolution, clarify the phylogeny relationship, and transposable element expansion.
Gyral Peaks Reveal Brain Function Disparities in Diverse Social Environments
Authors: Cao Guannan , zhang Songyao , He Zhibin , Wang Zifan , Guo Lei , Yan Zhiqiang , Han Junwei , Jiang Xi , Zhang Tuo
Published: October 2024

Different social environments play a important role in shaping brain structure and function. Many attempts have been undertaken to connect environmental variations with brain function, which, however, fluctuates over time and is costly, limiting its utility to identify consistent brain markers as well as its application to a broad population. In contrast, brain anatomy is less altered during a short period of time, but it is not fully understood whether it could serve as the environment-sensitive landmark, or its variation is associated with functional one. In this study, we utilized gyral peaks, one group of the early cortical folds, as cortical landmarks, to investigate the environmental influence on brain anatomy, as well as its relation to function and the interpretation from the genetic aspect. Comparative experiments were conducted on two large neuroimaging dataset, Human Connectome Project and Chinese Human Connectome Project, with significant diversity of social environment. We identified peaks that are shared between the two groups and those unique to each of them. In contrast to the shared ones, the unique peaks exhibit significant between-group differences in terms of cortical and functional network attributes, and arespatially associated with working memory networks which are more activated with the presence of these peaks. This result gains supports from gene enrichment analysis where the presence of these peaks are found to regulated by genes related to working memory functions. These findings could provide new knowledge to understanding how environments interplay with brain functions and associate with brain shapes.
First Proof of Principle Experiment for Muon Production with Ultrashort High Intensity Laser
Authors: Gu Yuqiu , Zhang Feng , Deng Li , Ge Yanjie , Wen Jiaxing , Cui Bo , Feng Ke , Wang Hao , Wu Chen , Pan Ziwen , Liu Hongjie , Deng Zhigang , Zhang Zongxin , Chen Liangwen , YAN Duo , Shan Lianqiang , Yuan ZQ , Tian C. , Qian Jiayi , Zhu JiaCheng , Xu Yi , Yu Yuhong , Zhang Xueheng , Yang Lei , Zhou Weimin , Wang Wentao , Leng Yuxin , Sun Zhiyu , Li Ruxin
Published: October 2024

Muons, which play a crucial role in both fundamental and applied physics, have traditionally been generated through proton accelerators or from cosmic rays. With the advent of ultra-short high-intensity lasers capable of accelerating electrons to GeV levels, it has become possible to generate muons in laser laboratories. In this work, we show the first proof of principle experiment for novel muon production with an ultra-short, high-intensity laser device through GeV electron beam bombardment on a lead converter target. The muon physical signal is confirmed by measuring its lifetime which is the first clear demonstration of laser-produced muons. Geant4 simulations were employed to investigate the photo-production, electro-production, and Bethe-Heitler processes response for muon generation and their subsequent detection. The results show that the dominant contributions of muons are attributed to the photo-production/electro-production and a significant yield of muons up to 0.01 μ/e- out of the converter target could be achieved. This laser muon source features compact, ultra-short pulse and high flux. Moreover, its implementation in a small laser laboratory is relatively straightforward, significantly reducing the barriers to entry for research in areas such as muonic X-ray elemental analysis, muon spin spectroscopy and so on.
Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma isolates in controlling aflatoxinogen fungi (Aspergillus flavus) and growth promoting of maize in Cameroun
Authors: ABOUNA EDMOND NOEL MENYE , KUNT Keziban Sinem TULUKOĞLU , unlu Nida UYSAL , BEGOUDE Didier , Onana boyomo , SERCE Cigdem ULUBAS
Published: October 2024

Maize is a significant cereal crop, serving as a dietary staple and an indispensable raw material for industrial use in Cameroon. Aflatoxinogen fungi (Aspergillus spp), an opportunistic plant microorganism, alter by mycotoxin the biochemical components in maize during processing and storage, causing post-harvest losses and compromising food safety. The use of Trichoderma spp as a biological control agent against aflatoxigenic fungi and as a fertilizer has long been proven in agriculture by numerous researchers. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Trichoderma spp from maize rhizosphere soil and assess its potential for biological control of Aspergillus spp isolated from maize seeds and for promoting the growth of maize. Isolation and sequencing showed that our isolates were Trichoderma harzianum for CR-TS1 and T. ghanense for CR-TS3, CR-TS4, and CR-TC1. When tested directly against A. flavus on a PDA medium, the Trichoderma spp inhibited growth with percentages of 78.83%, 77.01%, 75,88%, and 74,95% for CR-TS1, CR-TS3, CR-TC1, and CR-TS4 respectively. Similarly, to verify our isolates' capacity to secrete volatile compounds, a remote confrontation test was carried out by contrasting Trichoderma spp and Aspergillus spp. The results of this test demonstrated the secretion of volatile compounds by our Trichoderma spp with inhibition of 40.94%, 29.48%, 34.36, and 32.19% respectively for CR-ST1, CR-ST3, CR-TC1, and CR-TS4. Our study also showed that isolated Trichoderma spp can produce extracellular enzymes such as amylase, protease, and lignase. Similarly, the phosphate solubilization test on Pikovskaya (PVK) medium and the siderophore test on chrome azurol S (CAS) agar medium using our Trichoderma spp isolates were all positive, with halo formation around the colony for phosphate solubilization and a color change from blue to yellow for the siderophore. IAA, one of the phytohormones essential not only for the microorganism but also for the plant, tested positive on PDB medium supplemented with L-tryptophan. Similarly, the application of 107 spores/ml of suspension to maize seeds in vitro significantly (p < 0.05) boosted maize germination from 90 to 100% compared with the control, which was at 80%. The results of pot experiments carried out to assess the growth promotion effect of our isolates showed a significant increase in plant size, root length, dry and fresh weight of plants and roots, as well as chlorophyll production. All these results show that our isolates can be used in agriculture as a biocontrol agent for aflatoxinogenic fungi and as a fertilizer.
Biochanin A has anti-inflammatory effects on diet-induced obesity and ovariectomy in mice
Authors: Aragão Jéssica Maria Dantas Araújo , Heimfarth Luana , Neres Wemerson de Santana , Félix Franciel Batista , Santos Patrícia Rabelo dos , Abreu Fabíula Francisca , Cercato Luana Mendonça , Nascimento Ana Carla Silva , Vasconcelos Alan Bruno Silva , Soares Rosilene Calazans , Júnior Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque , Heiden Greice Itamaro , de Moura Tatiana Rodrigues , Camargo Enilton Aparecido , Grespan Renata
Published: October 2024

Biochanin A (BCA) is a phytoestrogen widely studied for its ability to alleviate menopausal symptoms and treat metabolic diseases in the presence or absence of estrogen. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of BCA in ovariectomized (OVX) mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). To this end, female C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: SHAM (sham-operated) with HFD, OVX with a standard diet (SD) or HFD, and two other OVX groups with HFD treated with BCA (2 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg, i.p.) during the last 30 days. The experiment lasted 15 weeks, after which it was observed that the OVX HFD animals presented a compromised metabolic profile compared to the SHAM HFD or OVX SD animals. When evaluating the BCA-treated groups in comparison to the OVX HFD group, it was demonstrated that there was less inflammation in the AT due to the reduction in crown-like structures (CLS) and the increase in the adipocyte area. This effect was complemented by an increase in the levels of the cytokines IL-5 and IL-10 and an increase in the expression of Mrc1, a marker of M2 macrophages, and Pparγ, a key regulator of tissue metabolism. Furthermore, in the liver, BCA reduced the degree of hepatic steatosis and the expression of Nos2. We concluded that BCA exerted an anti-inflammatory response in the liver, particularly in the AT, indicating a resolution profile despite not altering the animals' metabolic profile. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory effect of BCA on tissues affected by lipotoxicity caused by high-fat diet consumption, exacerbated by ovariectomy.
Targeting Hydrophobic Residues in the Alpha-Synuclein NAC Domain Disrupts Aggregation and Seed-Competent Fibril Formation
Authors: Das Viswanath , Mousavi Sayed Mostafa Modarres , Annadurai Narendran , Moradi Sajad , Malina Lukáš , Kolaříková Markéta , Ranc Vaclav , Frydrch Ivo , Kouřil Roman , Hosseinkhani Saman , Hajdúch Marián , Nikkhah Maryam
Published: October 2024

Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a 14 kDa soluble and intrinsically disordered protein ubiquitously expressed in neurons. It plays a crucial role in synucleinopathies, where insoluble fibrils contribute to neurotoxicity and disease progression. The formation of these fibrils and their ability to seed further aggregation are central to αSyn pathology. Our study focused on the hydrophobic non-amyloid component (NAC) region of αSyn. Using full-length NAC peptide and its truncated variants, inhibitory peptides, and a combination of experimental and computational approaches, we demonstrate that the 68GAVV71 region and residues adjacent to it, such as T72, T75, and A76, are essential for αSyn aggregation and its prion-like behavior. Inhibitor peptides that target the hydrophobic region effectively block αSyn dimerization and aggregation into seed-competent fibrils. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the peptide inhibitor disrupted hydrophobic interactions within the NAC domain, preventing stable β-sheet structure formation. These results show that the 68GAVV71 stretch in the NAC domain is critical for αSyn aggregation into prion-like fibrils and could be a potential molecular target for treating synucleinopathies.
Probabilidade em ação: um jogo digital para o ensino de probabilidade nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Ailton Paulo de , Barbosa Nilceia Datori
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar o processo de criação do jogo digital “Probabilidade em Ação” desenvolvido na Plataforma Construct 3, abrangendo, segundo a metodologia de design iterativo de Eric Zimmerman seus aspectos gerais, técnicos e educativos. Esse é voltado para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e desenvolvido com o propósito de auxiliar alunos e professores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da probabilidade. É composto por um percurso, tipo tabuleiro, e dois tipos de cartas: (1) Perguntas: que são situações problemas envolvendo conteúdos de probabilidade; (2) Saiba mais: que trazem informações probabilísticas. Essas cartas contém os objetos de conhecimento e habilidades propostos pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC, conectado com o Programa de ensino sobre probabilidade e risco de Peter Bryant e Terezinha Nunes e o documento norte-americano GAISE II para o ensino de estatística e probabilidade. No seu desenvolvimento técnico nós nos apoiamos num processo cíclico de prototipagem, teste, análise e refinamento, buscando agregar elementos e robustez. Quanto aos aspectos educativos, considera-se como uma ferramenta auxiliar nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem da probabilidade. A forma de realizar os experimentos aleatórios propostos nas situações problemas podem ser utilizados por meio de materiais palpáveis, como em programas computacionais de simulação virtual.
Harmonic chain far from equilibrium: Single-file diffusion, long-range order, and hyperuniformity
Authors: Ikeda Harukuni
Published: October 2024

In one dimension, particles can not bypass each other. As a consequence, the mean-squared displacement (MSD) in equilibrium shows sub-diffusion MSD(t)\sim t^{1/2}MSD(t)∼t1/2, instead of normal diffusion MSD(t)\sim tMSD(t)∼t. This phenomenon is the so-called single-file diffusion. Here, we investigate how the above equilibrium behaviors are modified far from equilibrium. In particular, we want to uncover what kind of non-equilibrium driving force can suppress diffusion and achieve the long-range crystalline order in one dimension, which is prohibited by the Mermin-Wagner theorem in equilibrium. For that purpose, we investigate the harmonic chain driven by the following four types of driving forces that do not satisfy the detailed balance: (i) temporally correlated noise with the noise spectrum D(\omega)\sim \omega^{-2\theta}D(ω)∼ω−2θ, (ii) conserving noise, (iii) periodic driving force, and (iv) periodic deformations of particles. For the driving force (i) with \theta >-1/4θ>−1/4, we observe MSD(t)\sim t^{1/2+2\theta}MSD(t)∼t1/2+2θ for large tt. On the other hand, for the driving forces (i) with \theta<-1/4θ<−1/4 and (ii)-(iv), MSD remains finite. As a consequence, the harmonic chain exhibits the crystalline order even in one dimension. Furthermore, the density fluctuations of the model are highly suppressed in a large scale in the crystal phase. This phenomenon is known as hyperuniformity. We discuss that hyperuniformity of the noise fluctuations themselves is the relevant mechanism to stabilize the long-range crystalline order in one dimension and yield hyperuniformity of the density fluctuations.
The versatility of botox use in strabismology
Authors: Gladysheva G. V. , Plisov I. L. , Antsiferova N. G. , Pushchina V. B. , Mamulat D. R.
Published: October 2024

With the development of strabismology, the issues of using Botox in various eye movement pathologies are gaining relevance. The literature analysis shows that the data concerning the effectiveness of Botox are ambivalent and as a rule, are based on short-term results. The review presents the data on the efficiency of the botulinum toxin in the treatment of various oculomotor system diseases in comparison with traditional surgical interventions. Indications for such therapy, application techniques, doses and complications are discussed. The generalized modern data on the functional features of the onset of various pathologies in strabismology help assess the potentials of optimizing strabismus treatment with type A botulinum toxin. To search for the data published between 1973 and 2022, select and summarize them we used Google Scholar, PubMed and eLibrary databases.
Adult-onset Coats’ disease: a review
Authors: Tankovskiy V. E. , Ponomareva S. I.
Published: October 2024

In 1908, George Coats published a paper about a rare form of outer retinopathy with massive exudation. Until today, the causes of the Coats’ disease (CD) has not been revealed and there is no generally accepted model of its pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that the condition could be caused by an infectious process or an inflammatory reaction, but there is no consensus about that. Genetic determinants of CD have not been identified, either. A histological examination of CD revealed “cholesterol fissures”, subretinal exudate, massive gliosis, retinal disorganization, vasodilation and hyalinization, diffuse thickening of retinal capillaries and areas of complete absence of pericytes and vascular endothelium, as well as inflammatory infiltrates. The main component of subretinal exudate is intense cell reaction of the macrophages. A study of the cytokine profile showed an increased concentration of VEGF in the subretinal fluid, the level of IL-6 was significantly higher in adult patients and correlated with the degree of exudative retinal detachment. In the eye fundus of CD patients, vascular telangiectasias followed by exudate deposition in these areas have been revealed. Complications of CD include vasoproliferative tumors, neovascular glaucoma, intraretinal and intraocular hemorrhages, vitreous fibrosis, traction retinal detachment, anterior chamber cholesterolosis. CD treatment includes laser coagulation, cryotherapy, intravitreal administration of glucocorticosteroids and angiogenesis inhibitors. In severe forms and advanced stages of CD, vitreoretinal surgery is resorted to. Enucleation may be necessary in some cases.
The effect of green lens glasses on intraocular pressure in healthy students experiencing psycho-emotional stress
Authors: Mirgorodskaya M. E. , Mirgorodsky M. N. , Vronskaya V. V. , Tsys K. V. , Kaminskaya E. S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of using green lens glasses to reduce IOP in healthy people during psychoemotional stress. Materials and methods. IOP variation was estimated for 23 students, who alternatively wore green lens glasses for 1 hour and did not wear them. The research was done during classwork so the students experienced intense mental load. Results. With no chromatic optical correction, the average IOP which initially was 15.45 ± 2.37 mm Hg (95% CI: 13.75–17.15), increased after one hour up to 16.85 ± 2.40 mm Hg (95% CI: 15.13–18.57), which was statistically significant (p = 0.029). In the chromatic correction experiment, the initial average IOP was 16.15 ± 2.73 mm Hg (95% CI: 14.87–17.43), and only slightly increased after one hour to reach 16.48 ± 3.0 mm Hg (95% CI: 15.04–17.91), and the change was statistically insignificant (p = 0.526). Side effects of green lens glasses, specifically a change in colour perception, were registered in 96% of the students observed. Conclusion. Green lens glasses reduce the rate of IOP elevation under psychological stress. However, we have not received any information about an IOP decrease achievable by such glasses.
Glaucoma epidemiology in the Russian Federation
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Mikhaylova L. A. , Malishevskaya T. N. , Petrov S. Yu. , Filippova O. M.
Published: October 2024

Glaucoma is worldwide the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Its prevalence in the population older than 40 years is about 3.5 %, and correlates with age. The most common type is primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The global prevalence of POAG is expected to grow from 76.0 million in 2020 to 111.8 million by 2040. In 2022, a total of 1,250,558 patients with glaucoma were registered in the Russian Federation, of which 110,680 had newly diagnosed glaucoma. The overall glaucoma incidence rate in Russia shows a steady growth: in 2022, it increased by 30 % as compared to 2013. In order to meet the challenge, medical care of glaucomatous patients is on the rise: the contingent receiving dispensary observation increased by 6.8 % over the last 10 years,  whilst surgical treatment involved 28.1 % more patients.
Effectiveness of Palm Dates on Promoting Lactation among Post-Caesarean Mothers
Authors: D Padmapriya. , R. S Rishi Rahul.
Published: October 2024

True experimental pretest-posttest control group research design was conducted in the antenatal clinic of the host institution among 60 postpartum caesarean mothers. All 60 samples were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the placebo group by using the lottery method, 30 in the interventional group and 30 in the placebo group. For the interventional group, On Day 1, demographic and clinical data were collected from the study participants, followed by that, they were instructed to consume 10 palm dates per day for about 28 days. For the placebo group- On Day 1 routine hospital care was initiated for about 28 days. On Day- 29, study participants were re-assessed for the volume of breast milk secretion using an electronic breast pump, breast milk secretion checklist and newborn feeding adequacy checklist in both interventional and placebo groups. The study results concluded that the pretest and posttest mean scores of breast milk secretion in the interventional group were 6.26±1.63 and 68.36±23.24. The mean difference score was 23.21. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 14.650 was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. The pretest and posttest mean scores of newborn feeding adequacy in the interventional group were 2.23±0.67 and 7.73±1.70. The mean difference score was 5.50. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 17.544 was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. There was a significant effect of consuming palm dates that enhanced the volume of breast milk secretion, during postpartum caesarean section.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Self Breast Examination on Prevention of Breast Cancer among Women Attending Urban Health Center, Virugambakkam, Chennai
Authors: R Hemavathi. , E Siva Preethy. , M Sneha Priya. , K Swomiya.
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is a major public health problem and the most common progressive cancer in women, which accounts for high mortality rates worldwide accounting for approximately 1 in 4 cases of cancer among women. Several studies have found that the annual incidence of breast cancer is rising in developing countries. According to the International Agency for Cancer Research, approximately 10980 new cases of breast cancer have been identified with family history of cancer, delay in menopause, reproductive behaviours, and lifestyle-related factors such as obesity, smoking, physical activity decline, and exposure to radiation, stress, and anxiety. The study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination in the prevention of breast cancer among women. The quantitative research approach descriptive research design total of 60 women who were attending OPD at an urban health centre participated in this study and they were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The demographic data and knowledge of self-breast examination on the prevention of cancer among women was collected by using the self-questionnaire checklist. The outcome result showed that 36(60%) of women had poor knowledge, 14(23.3%) of women had moderately adequate knowledge and 9(15%) women had adequate knowledge regarding self-breast examination.
Practice of Collecting Tax and Non-Tax Payments in India
Authors: Shuvalova E. B. , Gordienko M. S.
Published: October 2024

With regard to sanction confrontation and numerous finance and economic restrictions strategic management of fiscal policy aiming at provision of stable finance earnings is becoming the most important factor of the economic development of any country. Administration of tax and non-tax payments plays a key role in shaping finance policy and ensuring stability of tax and budget system of the country. In this context experience of India, as a country with rapidly developing economy and unique system of tax administration is especially interesting. In India they use a mechanism of tax and non-tax payments whose administration system deserves special attention, as it forms an integral part of its finance system ensuring finance security and, in general, sustainable development of the country. The article studies different components of the Indian fiscal system. Special attention is paid to specific taxation of tax, non-tax and other earnings in the structure of budget revenues of the country.
Finance Planning for Small Innovation Companies
Authors: Grigorovich A. V.
Published: October 2024

Nowadays the activities of many small innovative companies are concentrated in the field of digital technologies. Today operation of plenty of small innovation highly-technological companies concentrates in the field of digital technologies. Importance of compiling finance plans for these companies is explained by the necessity to compare the level of supposed costs, profitability and payback time with shareholders’ expectations; decision-making on financing tools; appraisal of investment appeal for potential investors. The key goal of the research is to study current methods of finance planning in order to assess their applicability in practice for small innovation companies. Using a real company as an example, three methods were compared: conceptual appraisal, scenario planning and Monte Carlo method. As a result the following conclusion was drawn: in conditions of uncertainty in making-up finance plans of small innovation companies it is advisable to use probability interpretation of work results, i. e. to use scholastic methods of finance planning to find possibility of damage arising.
Estimating Efficiency of Interactive Teaching Technologies in Education Process
Authors: Zolotova E. V. , Gushchina E. A.
Published: October 2024

The article provides a list of interactive technologies, which can be used in education process on economic subjects and studies key approaches to identifying interactive technologies. Findings of the research dealing with efficiency of introducing interactive technologies in higher education institutions are also given. The authors for 4 days conducted a survey of six groups of students of the bachelor program with specialization 38.03.01 ‘Economics’. Qualitative and quantitative figures allowed them to analyze students’ attitude to conventional methods of teaching and interactive technologies at lecturers and tutorials. It was found out that the scale of using interactive technologies in teaching is increasing, however it is assessed as insufficient by the majority of students. The survey showed that such interactive technologies as questions in the form of game based on subject cards, tests in the form of game using digital teaching platforms, business/imitation games based on topics being studied, practical tasks/cases solving and project elaboration are appraised by students as effective methods of teaching. In conclusion it was pointed out that interactive technologies both at lectures and work-shops are efficient, however students prefer a mixed format.
Corporate Security as Subject to Management: Cause-and-Effect Relations in Arising and Development
Authors: Kirillova O. U. , Vasin S. G.
Published: October 2024

The notion of corporate security came into being in the late 19th century, however the use and spread of the term in business-environment took place only in the second half of the 20th century. This notion was introduced into circulation to name a system of measures and practices aimed at protection of corporate interests and resources from internal and external threats. Corporate security of the company is a complicated set of measures and procedures for managing risks and at the same time a subject to management with a brand new content, whose topicality is sharpening due to risks of sustainable development. Business partners, company clients and other concerned persons often transfer their communication to the e-environment, where unpredictable changes take place and new risks arise. It can result in transformation of certain types of risks, such as finance, investment, reputational, regulatory, etc. Continuous study of risk transformation, importance of their impact on business and economy, sustainable development of companies shall be introduced as a mandatory function within the frames of sub-system of company corporate security. The authors showed that for timely appraisal of new risk and external factor impact on sustainable development of companies and their business it is necessary to restructure the system of in-company control with regard to corporate security as an element of the system of corporate management.
Key Trends of International Trade in Derivatives
Authors: Gryzunova N. V. , Eid A. H.
Published: October 2024

In spite of global economic after-effects of pandemic (both biological and economic) risks of world economy fragmentation and severance of finance integration international trade in derivatives keeps on growing as a tool of ‘finance conciliation’ and it makes it necessary to research opportunities of this phenomenon widening. The article provides analysis of derivative market and shows key precedents that they set in international trade between different political blocks. The authors study the emerging market of crypto-derivatives, as development of blockchain technologies creates a new reality, which according to analysts, could embrace the next 400 years. Investigations of many investment companies show that extension of derivative market results in sustainable positive changes in various segments of economy, because now they cannot be controlled by political powers in different countries. However, this situation will remain intact only till the moment, when political structures learn to control their dynamics. The system of blockchain register changes traditional models and exercises positive impact on crypto-derivative market characterized by highest growth rate. Similar situation can be observed on digital asset market. Practical importance of the research implies the opportunity to estimate chances of developing mechanism of perfect competition, at least on this segment, which could permit to support positive economic changes and stability.
disyuntiva entre crear un seminario conciliar o escuelas de primeras letras en San Luis Potosí después de la expulsión de los jesuitas (1767-1804)
Authors: Abascal Sherwell Raull Pablo
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los planes educativos de San Luis Potosí y su enfrentamiento con la mitra michoacana durante las reformas borbónicas. La investigación se centra en los dos proyectos pedagógicos que surgieron en la ciudad después de la expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767: el primero, la creación de tres colegios de primeras letras para niños y niñas; el segundo, de mayor envergadura, la instauración de un seminario conciliar, el cual sería un caso único en la Nueva España, ya que no se localizaría en una capital diocesana. La creación del seminario conciliar representó un peligro para la unidad del obispado. Los prelados michoacanos, con el soporte del virrey, terminaron por apoyar los colegios de niños y niñas, que no representaban la opción principal de las élites potosinas vinculadas al ayuntamiento.