bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selling Misleading “Cancer Cure” Books on Amazon: Systematic Search on Amazon.com and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Zenone Marco , van Schalkwyk May , Hartwell Greg , Caulfield Timothy , Maani Nason
Published: October 2024

Background

While the evidence base on web-based cancer misinformation continues to develop, relatively little is known about the extent of such information on the world’s largest e-commerce website, Amazon. Multiple media reports indicate that Amazon may host on its platform questionable cancer-related products for sale, such as books on purported cancer cures. This context suggests an urgent need to evaluate Amazon.com for cancer misinformation.

Objective

This study sought to (1) examine to what extent are misleading cancer cure books for sale on Amazon.com and (2) determine how cancer cure books on Amazon.com provide misleading cancer information.

Methods

We searched “cancer cure” on Amazon.com and retrieved the top 1000 English-language book search results. We reviewed the books’ descriptions and titles to determine whether the books provided misleading cancer cure or treatment information. We considered a book to be misleading if it suggested scientifically unsupported cancer treatment approaches to cure or meaningfully treat cancer. Among books coded as misleading, we conducted an inductive latent thematic analysis to determine the informational value the books sought to offer.

Results

Nearly half (494/1000, 49.4%) of the sampled “cancer cure” books for sale on Amazon.com appeared to contain misleading cancer treatment and cure information. Overall, 17 (51.5%) out of 33 Amazon.com results pages had 50% or more of the books coded as misleading. The first search result page had the highest percentage of misleading books (23/33, 69.7%). Misleading books (n=494) contained eight themes: (1) claims of efficacious cancer cure strategies (n=451, 91.3%), (2) oversimplifying cancer and cancer treatment (n=194, 39.3%), (3) falsely justifying ineffective treatments as science based (n=189, 38.3%), (4) discrediting conventional cancer treatments (n=169, 34.2%), (5) finding the true cause of cancer (n=133, 26.9%), (6) homogenizing cancer (n=132, 26.7%), (7) discovery of new cancer treatments (n=119, 24.1%), and (8) cancer cure suppression (n=82, 16.6%).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that misleading cancer cure books are for sale, visible, and prevalent on Amazon.com, with prominence in initial search hits. These misleading books for sale on Amazon can be conceived of as forming part of a wider, cross-platform, web-based information environment in which misleading cancer cures are often given prominence. Our results suggest that greater enforcement is needed from Amazon and that cancer-focused organizations should engage in preemptive misinformation debunking.
AI-Based Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: Scoping Review
Authors: Chan Pin Zhong , Jin Eric , Jansson Miia , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn
Published: October 2024

Background

Current blood glucose monitoring (BGM) methods are often invasive and require repetitive pricking of a finger to obtain blood samples, predisposing individuals to pain, discomfort, and infection. Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring (NIBGM) is ideal for minimizing discomfort, reducing the risk of infection, and increasing convenience.

Objective

This review aimed to map the use cases of artificial intelligence (AI) in NIBGM.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey O’Malley five-step framework. Eight electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane-Central Library, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore) were searched from inception until February 8, 2023. Study selection was conducted by 2 independent reviewers, descriptive analysis was conducted, and findings were presented narratively. Study characteristics (author, country, type of publication, study design, population characteristics, mean age, types of noninvasive techniques used, and application, as well as characteristics of the BGM systems) were extracted independently and cross-checked by 2 investigators. Methodological quality appraisal was conducted using the Checklist for assessment of medical AI.

Results

A total of 33 papers were included, representing studies from Asia, the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa published between 2005 and 2023. Most studies used optical techniques (n=19, 58%) to estimate blood glucose levels (n=27, 82%). Others used electrochemical sensors (n=4), imaging (n=2), mixed techniques (n=2), and tissue impedance (n=1). Accuracy ranged from 35.56% to 94.23% and Clarke error grid (A+B) ranged from 86.91% to 100%. The most popular machine learning algorithm used was random forest (n=10) and the most popular deep learning model was the artificial neural network (n=6). The mean overall checklist for assessment of medical AI score on the included papers was 33.5 (SD 3.09), suggesting an average of medium quality. The studies reviewed demonstrate that some AI techniques can accurately predict glucose levels from noninvasive sources while enhancing comfort and ease of use for patients. However, the overall range of accuracy was wide due to the heterogeneity of models and input data.

Conclusions

Efforts are needed to standardize and regulate the use of AI technologies in BGM, as well as develop consensus guidelines and protocols to ensure the quality and safety of AI-assisted monitoring systems. The use of AI for NIBGM is a promising area of research that has the potential to revolutionize diabetes management.
Association of Blood Glucose Data With Physiological and Nutritional Data From Dietary Surveys and Wearable Devices: Database Analysis
Authors: Miyakoshi Takashi , Ito Yoichi M
Published: October 2024

Background

Wearable devices can simultaneously collect data on multiple items in real time and are used for disease detection, prediction, diagnosis, and treatment decision-making. Several factors, such as diet and exercise, influence blood glucose levels; however, the relationship between blood glucose and these factors has yet to be evaluated in real practice.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the association of blood glucose data with various physiological index and nutritional values using wearable devices and dietary survey data from PhysioNet, a public database.

Methods

Three analytical methods were used. First, the correlation of each physiological index was calculated and examined to determine whether their mean values or SDs affected the mean value or SD of blood glucose. To investigate the impact of each physiological indicator on blood glucose before and after the time of collection of blood glucose data, lag data were collected, and the correlation coefficient between blood glucose and each physiological indicator was calculated for each physiological index. Second, to examine the relationship between postprandial blood glucose rise and fall and physiological and dietary nutritional assessment indices, multiple regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the slope before and after the peak in postprandial glucose over time and physiological and dietary nutritional indices. Finally, as a supplementary analysis to the multiple regression analysis, a 1-way ANOVA was performed to compare the relationship between the upward and downward slopes of blood glucose and the groups above and below the median for each indicator.

Results

The analysis revealed several indicators of interest: First, the correlation analysis of blood glucose and physiological indices indicated meaningful relationships: acceleration SD (r=–0.190 for lag data at –15-minute values), heart rate SD (r=–0.121 for lag data at –15-minute values), skin temperature SD (r=–0.121), and electrodermal activity SD (r=–0.237) for lag data at –15-minute values. Second, in multiple regression analysis, physiological indices (temperature mean: t=2.52, P=.01; acceleration SD: t=–2.06, P=.04; heart rate_30 SD: t=–2.12, P=.04; electrodermal activity_90 SD: t=1.97, P=.049) and nutritional indices (mean carbohydrate: t=6.53, P<.001; mean dietary fiber: t=–2.51, P=.01; mean sugar: t=–3.72, P<.001) were significant predictors. Finally, the results of the 1-way ANOVA corroborated the findings from the multiple regression analysis.

Conclusions

Similar results were obtained from the 3 analyses, consistent with previous findings, and the relationship between blood glucose, diet, and physiological indices in the real world was examined. Data sharing facilitates the accessibility of wearable data and enables statistical analyses from various angles. This type of research is expected to be more common in the future.
Evaluation of an App-Based Mobile Triage System for Mass Casualty Incidents: Within-Subjects Experimental Study
Authors: Schmollinger Martin , Gerstner Jessica , Stricker Eric , Muench Alexander , Breckwoldt Benjamin , Sigle Manuel , Rosenberger Peter , Wunderlich Robert
Published: October 2024

Background

Digitalization in disaster medicine holds significant potential to accelerate rescue operations and ultimately save lives. Mass casualty incidents demand rapid and accurate information management to coordinate effective responses. Currently, first responders manually record triage results on patient cards, and brief information is communicated to the command post via radio communication. Although this process is widely used in practice, it involves several time-consuming and error-prone tasks. To address these issues, we designed, implemented, and evaluated an app-based mobile triage system. This system allows users to document responder details, triage categories, injury patterns, GPS locations, and other important information, which can then be transmitted automatically to the incident commanders.

Objective

This study aims to design and evaluate an app-based mobile system as a triage and coordination tool for emergency and disaster medicine, comparing its effectiveness with the conventional paper-based system.

Methods

A total of 38 emergency medicine personnel participated in a within-subject experimental study, completing 2 triage sessions with 30 patient cards each: one session using the app-based mobile system and the other using the paper-based tool. The accuracy of the triages and the time taken for each session were measured. Additionally, we implemented the User Experience Questionnaire along with other items to assess participants’ subjective ratings of the 2 triage tools.

Results

Our 2 (triage tool) × 2 (tool order) mixed multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for the triage tool (P<.001). Post hoc analyses indicated that participants were significantly faster (P<.001) and more accurate (P=.005) in assigning patients to the correct triage category when using the app-based mobile system compared with the paper-based tool. Additionally, analyses showed significantly better subjective ratings for the app-based mobile system compared with the paper-based tool, in terms of both school grading (P<.001) and across all 6 scales of the User Experience Questionnaire (all P<.001). Of the 38 participants, 36 (95%) preferred the app-based mobile system. There was no significant main effect for tool order (P=.24) or session order (P=.06) in our model.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that the app-based mobile system not only matches the performance of the conventional paper-based tool but may even surpass it in terms of efficiency and usability. This advancement could further enhance the potential of digitalization to optimize processes in disaster medicine, ultimately leading to the possibility of saving more lives.
Selling Misleading “Cancer Cure” Books on Amazon: Systematic Search on Amazon.com and Thematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zenone Marco , van Schalkwyk May , Hartwell Greg , Caulfield Timothy , Maani Nason
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

While the evidence base on web-based cancer misinformation continues to develop, relatively little is known about the extent of such information on the world’s largest e-commerce website, Amazon. Multiple media reports indicate that Amazon may host on its platform questionable cancer-related products for sale, such as books on purported cancer cures. This context suggests an urgent need to evaluate Amazon.com for cancer misinformation.

OBJECTIVE

This study sought to (1) examine to what extent are misleading cancer cure books for sale on Amazon.com and (2) determine how cancer cure books on Amazon.com provide misleading cancer information.

METHODS

We searched “cancer cure” on Amazon.com and retrieved the top 1000 English-language book search results. We reviewed the books’ descriptions and titles to determine whether the books provided misleading cancer cure or treatment information. We considered a book to be misleading if it suggested scientifically unsupported cancer treatment approaches to cure or meaningfully treat cancer. Among books coded as misleading, we conducted an inductive latent thematic analysis to determine the informational value the books sought to offer.

RESULTS

Nearly half (494/1000, 49.4%) of the sampled “cancer cure” books for sale on Amazon.com appeared to contain misleading cancer treatment and cure information. Overall, 17 (51.5%) out of 33 Amazon.com results pages had 50% or more of the books coded as misleading. The first search result page had the highest percentage of misleading books (23/33, 69.7%). Misleading books (n=494) contained eight themes: (1) claims of efficacious cancer cure strategies (n=451, 91.3%), (2) oversimplifying cancer and cancer treatment (n=194, 39.3%), (3) falsely justifying ineffective treatments as science based (n=189, 38.3%), (4) discrediting conventional cancer treatments (n=169, 34.2%), (5) finding the true cause of cancer (n=133, 26.9%), (6) homogenizing cancer (n=132, 26.7%), (7) discovery of new cancer treatments (n=119, 24.1%), and (8) cancer cure suppression (n=82, 16.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

The results demonstrate that misleading cancer cure books are for sale, visible, and prevalent on Amazon.com, with prominence in initial search hits. These misleading books for sale on Amazon can be conceived of as forming part of a wider, cross-platform, web-based information environment in which misleading cancer cures are often given prominence. Our results suggest that greater enforcement is needed from Amazon and that cancer-focused organizations should engage in preemptive misinformation debunking.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in predicting drug responses for Type 2 Diabetes (Preprint)
Authors: Garg Shilpa , Kitchen Robert , Gupta Ramneek , Pearson Ewan
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has seen a continuous rise in prevalence in recent years, and a similar trend has been observed in the increased availability of glucose-lowering drugs. There is a need to understand the variation in treatment response to these drugs to be able to predict people who will respond well or poorly to a drug. Electronic health records, clinical trials, and observational studies provide a huge amount of data to explore predictors of drug response. The use of artificial intelligence (AI), which includes machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, has the capacity to improve the prediction of treatment response in patients. AI can assist in the analysis of vast datasets to identify patterns and may provide valuable information on selecting an effective drug. Predicting an individual’s response to a drug can aid in treatment selection, optimizing therapy, exploring new therapeutic options, and personalised medicine.
This review reveals a consensus on the potential of AI-based methods to predict drug response with accuracy. Furthermore, the methods highlight a trend toward using ensemble methods as preferred models in drug response prediction studies.
A structured method for psychosocial assessment in maternal healthcare in Sweden: study protocol, implementation and planned evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Lindahl Ylva-Li , Norén Helene , Skalkidou Alkistis , Åslund Cecilia
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Onset of depression and anxiety can occur before, during or after pregnancy, and ongoing conditions can either improve or deteriorate at all stages. Early identification and treatment of perinatal mental ill-health can reduce rates of depression and other mental ill-health conditions postpartum. National and international guidelines recommend that maternal healthcare contribute to improving pregnant women’s mental health by consistently asking pertinent questions during pregnancy and offering necessary support and care.

OBJECTIVE

The general aim of this research project is to investigate the effects of the implementation of a structured method for psychosocial assessment during pregnancy, as well as evaluating midwives´ experiences of working with the method.

METHODS

The structured method will be evaluated, and possible effects will be investigated through comparison of the periods before and after implementation. Data sources for the study are questionnaire responses, medical records, Swedish Pregnancy Register data and interviews with midwives

RESULTS

Part of the recruitment process and data collection is ongoing. Dissemination plan includes several publications of original research and two doctoral theses.

CONCLUSIONS

This study's results are expected to be highly relevant for maternal healthcare, both nationally and internationally. The structured method and evaluation of the implementation could serve as a model for more standardized and effective care. If successful, it may influence national policies and attract global attention as a model for improving maternity care.
The Study of Issues and Countermeasures in the Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Enterprises: A Case Study of Faurecia Company
Authors: Niu Wenyuan
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the challenges and countermeasures associated with the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, focusing specifically on Faurecia Company as a case study. In recent years, the manufacturing industry has witnessed a significant shift towards digitalization, driven by technological advancements and market demands. However, many companies, including Faurecia, face numerous obstacles in this transition, such as resistance to change, inadequate infrastructure, and skill shortages. Through a detailed analysis of Faurecia's current digital initiatives and the identification of key issues, this study proposes practical strategies to enhance the effectiveness of their digital transformation efforts. The findings aim to provide insights for manufacturing enterprises seeking to navigate the complexities of digitalization successfully.
Diseño de un rotor Darrieus tipo Phi para aerogeneradores de baja potencia
Authors: Díaz Canul Flavio Javier , Rosado Hau Nidiana , Aguilar Aguilar Jorge Ovidio , Becerra Núñez Guillermo , Jaramillo Salgado Oscar Alfredo
Published: October 2024

En el presente trabajo se desarrolló el estudio de un rotor de aerogenerador Darrieus tipo Phi de 2 m de altura (para baja potencia) mediante los métodos Double Multiple Streamtube (DMS) y Qblade lifting line theory (QLLT) con la finalidad obtener los parámetros de configuración adecuados para el posterior diseño de un aerogenerador de eje vertical (VAWT) de dimensiones similares. Se realizó la comparación de ambos métodos con resultados experimentales reportados por otros autores, utilizando como referencia la estimación del coeficiente de potencia (Cp) en función de la relación de velocidad específica (TSR). Se encontró que el método QLLT es una mejor solución en términos de estimación del coeficiente de potencia, con un error absoluto máximo de 35 % y error promedio de 5 %.
Sin embargo, dado el alto tiempo de cómputo en comparación con el método DMS es
recomendable su uso en etapas avanzadas de diseño. Por otro lado, el método DMS con una capacidad de estimación inferior (error absoluto máximo de alrededor de 60 %, error promedio de 11 %) es adecuado para las primeras etapas de diseño dado su bajo tiempo de Cómputo.
Efectos adversos del confinamiento por covid-19 en universitarios latinoamericanos: una revisión integrativa
Authors: Zerpa Carlos E. , Rodríguez-Montoya Cristóbal , Frías Diana , De Castro Raquel
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación busca caracterizar los efectos adversos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en variables psicosociales relevantes de estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de estudios acerca de las dimensiones psicológicas y sociales afectadas por el confinamiento y el cambio en la modalidad educativa durante la pandemia, siguiendo parcialmente la declaración PRISMA como modelo. Los resultados que se obtuvieron a partir de la selección final de dieciséis estudios y con N = 20444 participantes, informan que las dimensiones de la Ansiedad, Depresión y Estrés son las variables más reportadas, encontrándose que las estudiantes de sexo femenino y los estudiantes -de ambos sexos- de los primeros años de las carreras universitarias presentan una mayor vulnerabilidad.
Underground Cable Fault Detection
Authors: Dhamashetwad Rajesh
Published: October 2024

Underground cables play a crucial role in delivering electricity, ensuring a dependable power supply in both urban and industrial regions. However, detecting and resolving faults in these cables can be difficult due to their hidden placement. This project aims to develop an effective underground cable fault detection system that accurately identifies fault locations, reducing downtime. The system will combine electrical principles with modern sensing technologies to detect faults such as short circuits, open circuits, and insulation issues. By injecting a small current into the cable and analyzing the resulting voltage drop, the system will calculate the distance to the fault from the measurement point. Using a microcontroller along with sensors and signal processing units, it will determine and display the fault location in kilometers. Real-time fault detection will significantly decrease maintenance time and costs by quickly locating problem areas, enabling faster repairs and reducing power outages. This project aims to improve the efficiency and reliability of power transmission systems. Additionally, the system can be integrated with communication technologies for remote monitoring, allowing utility companies to detect and manage faults from centralized control centers.
Term “danshiki” in the jarlyk of Khan Mengu-Timur
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maslova Svetlana A.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to determine the origin and content of the term «danshiki» in the text of the jarlyk of Mengu-Timur. Research materials: charters issued to Russian Metropolitans by the rulers of the Golden Horde, jarlyks of Tokhtamysh and Timur-Khutlug, jarlyks of Ilkhans and Yuan emperors, chartered and contractual charters of Russian princes, Russian chronicles. Results and novelty of the research: the article considers the term «danshiki» (tax collectors), recorded in the earliest document of the Short Collection of charters issued by the rulers of the Golden Horde to Russian metropolitans. This term is not found in other well-known documents, both Golden Horde and originating from other regions of the Mongolian Empire. An analysis of the totality of Mongolian and Russian sources showed the insertion of the term «danshiki» in the jarlyk of Mengu-Timur. It seems that this word was introduced into the text of the document by the Russian translator of jarlyks. In the jarlyk of Mengu-Timur, the term «danshiki» replaces the words «tamojniki» and «poberejniki» of other Khan’s jarlyks issued to Russian metropolitans.
Imported figured textiles from the Belorechensky burial ground in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum
Authors:   he State Hermitage Museum, Teplyakova Anastasiya N.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study: The attribution and dating of figured textiles from the Belorechensky burial ground (North Caucasus), study of manufacturing techniques, reconstruction of textile patterns and study of historical aspects related to the problem of the supply and existence of these silks in the region. Research materials: The collection of archaeological materials from the Belorechensky burial ground (collection of the Oriental Department of the State Hermitage) including 22 figured textiles (52 inventory no.), textiles from collections of other institutions (Metropolitan Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Cleveland Museum of Art, etc.). Results and scientific novelty of the study: Of the 87 examples of textiles, embroidery, needlework, and threads, 22 examples are related to silk figured textiles. According to the technique, they are divided into velvets, damasks, lampases, and taffeta with pattern weft. Most of the textiles can be associated with the Syro-Egyptian weaving tradition of the 14th-15th centuries. However, there are several examples of Chinese and Italian production, and one damask, the technical features of which make it related not only to Italian and Syro-Egyptian, but also to early 16th century Safavid textiles. In this regard, the dating of the mounds from which these textiles originate was examined and clarified; issues of trade in the Northern Black Sea region were touched upon, as well as non-economic ways of the appearance of high-status imported products.
International conferences dedicated to the history of the Chinggisid states
Authors:   Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ualiyev Talapker A.
Published: October 2024

On August 19, 2024, Astana hosted an international conference on “Topical issues on the history of the Kazakh Khanate from the second half of the 15th – first half of the 18th century”. On August 20–21, another international conference was held, entitled, “Ethnopolitical history of the Jochi, Chagatai, Haidu and Moghulistan uluses” and dedicated to the 800th anniversary of the formation of the Jochid Ulus. The event was organized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Scientific Institute for the Study of the Jochid Ulus. More than 70 leading scientists, specialists and researchers researching the history of nomadic societies and empires, including the history of the Kazakh Khanate and the Golden Horde, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, China, Canada, Japan, and Austria participated in the conferences. The conferences discussed the issues of studying the Kazakh Khanate and the ethnopolitical history of the Jochi, Chagatai, and Haidu Uluses which were formed during the collapse of the Mongolian Empire. Moreover the participants discussed the issues of developing the fourth volume of the History of Kazakhstan and creating a separate book dedicated to the history of the Kazakh Khanate. Within the framework of the 2nd conference dedicated to the history of the Jochi, Chagatai, Haidu uluses, and Moghulistan, a private screening was organized for the documentary film “Batu: Historical Detective” created by Kazakh director Rashid Nugmanov. The was contributed to by historians and researchers from Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Mongolia, France, Canada and the USA.
Adaptive stimulation as an element of higher education institution effective human resource management system
Authors:   Южный федеральный университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Юлия Викторовна Гаврилова
Published: October 2024

The article researches the problem of adaptive incentives as a significant element of an effective human resource management system of a higher education institution. The purpose of the study is to provide a methodological analysis of key aspects of team adaptation incentives using in HRM and justification of a set of measures aimed at achieving strategic goals in the field of human resource management of an educational organization. The research methodology is based on the conceptual provisions of management theory and HRM, identifying alternative approaches to resolving individual problematic components of human resource management in educational organizations. It is demonstrated that in the conditions of talent competition the focus of the system of adaptation incentives to the changing parametric characteristics of competitive socio-economic dynamics applied in HRM of higher education institution is team adaptation, which ensures the improvement of management efficiency in achieving strategic goals. The significance of the research results lies in the proposal and justification of adaptive measures that stimulate teamwork of employees of an educational organization by developing leadership and management skills, building up the system of feedback and communication, creating a favorable educational environment, etc. The implementation of the proposed activities will contribute to the improvement of HRM quality, to building competencies and motivation for teamwork.
Refinements of some inequalities involving means
Authors: Mortici Cristinel , Giugiuc Leonard
Published: October 2024

The aim of this work is to give some sharp refinements of some inequalities
involving the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means. We use the Equal
Variable Theorem (EV Theorem). Our method can be applied to a wide class of
inequalities.
University teaching in “hard” and “soft” sciences: Academic tribes, or towards a common culture?
Authors: Kisjuhas Aleksej , Lungulov Biljana , Cikic Jovana
Published: October 2024

This paper critically analyzes the distinction between the so-called ?hard?
and ?soft? sciences, with a particular emphasis on the teaching quality in
these academic fields. Firstly, it presents the origin and characteristics
of this popular dichotomy, as well the idea of a hierarchy of sciences in
philosophy and sociology. It then points out the relative inadequacy of this
hierarchy, but also its heuristic value, based on relevant and contemporary
research on scientific knowledge and university teaching. In this regard, it
thoroughly analyzes the concepts of academic tribes, territories, and
epistemic cultures at the university environments. We argue that the
anthropological concept of culture can offer valuable insights into the
inner workings of physical, life, and social sciences, and claim that
different academic cultures significantly influence the character of
university teaching. Finally, this paper emphasizes the possibility of
building a common academic culture in terms of teaching quality, i.e. a
shared quality culture.
Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Different Time Periods and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among U.S. Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dai Jin , Nianogo Roch , Moin Tannaz , D. Wong Nathan , Qi Qibin , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Chen Liwei
Published: October 2024

Objective: To examine the associations of energy intake and glycemic load (GL) in different time periods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: This cohort study included 2,911 adults with diabetes from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2014 (baseline), with CVD mortality data obtained by linkage to the National Death Index through 2019. Energy intake and GL in early morning (6:00-7:59 AM), late morning (8:00-10:59 AM), noon-to-afternoon (11:00 AM-5:59 PM), evening (6:00-11:59 PM), and night (0:00-5:59 AM) were derived from two 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality, adjusted for total energy intake, diet quality, sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, and medical conditions.

Results: At baseline, the study population (51.8% female, 62.3% non-Hispanic White) had a mean age of 57.4 (SE, 0.4) years. Over a median follow-up of 9.3 (IQR, 6.8-12.1) years, 190 CVD deaths were documented. Energy intake and GL in late morning were inversely associated with CVD mortality risk (HR per 100-kcal energy intake increment, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.98]; HR per 10-unit GL increment, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77-0.95]). Contrastingly, energy intake and GL at night were positively associated with CVD mortality risk (HR per 100-kcal energy intake increment, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.07-1.40]; HR per 10-unit GL increment, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.17-1.77]).

Conclusions: For adults with type 2 diabetes, late morning may be a protective eating timing against CVD mortality, whereas night may be a detrimental eating timing.
ANALISIS MISKONSEPSI SISWA KELAS X SMA DI KOTA PADANG TENTANG MATERI HUKUM NEWTON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TES DIAGNOSTIK FOUR-TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE
Authors: Bawamenewi Amisa
Published: October 2024

The importance of students' understanding of concepts is to enhance the learning process and achieve good learning outcomes. However, what often happens is that students struggle to understand the material, make mistakes in applying concepts, and even become frustrated or lose interest in certain subjects. This research aims to describe students' misconceptions through a four-tier multiple-choice diagnostic test on Newton's laws. This study is a qualitative descriptive research using a four-tier multiple-choice test instrument. The research sample includes three public high schools in the city of Padang in the academic year 2023/2024. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling, with 25% of the total number of students in each school participating in the study, totaling 80 students. Based on the analysis, the highest level of understanding of concepts experienced by students is in the subtopic of Newton's Third Law, with an average percentage of 57.3%. Meanwhile, the highest misconceptions experienced by students are in the subtopics of the applications of Newton's Laws I, II, III, with average percentages of 84.6%, 76.3%, and 85%, respectively. Additionally, the highest lack of understanding of concepts is in the subtopic of forces on inclined planes, with a percentage of 40%. Therefore, it can be concluded that in Newton's laws, there are more misconceptions experienced by students.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS' COLLABORATION ABILITY AT SMAN 2 PADANG
Authors: Hastuti Shinta Fuji
Published: October 2024

This research aims to see whether there is an influence of the discovery learning model on the collaboration abilities of students at SMAN 2 Padang. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a posttest control design. Sampling in this study used purposive sampling and class XI phase F (physics 5) was obtained as the experimental class and class XI phase F (physics 2) was the control class. Data on students' collaboration abilities was taken using an observation sheet assessing students' collaboration abilities which was analyzed descriptively. To see the magnitude of the influence of the discovery learning model on students' collaboration abilities, effect size calculations are used. The results of the research showed that the average value of collaboration ability of students in the experimental class was (68.19 ± 2.49) with good criteria, whereas the average value of collaboration ability of students in the control class was (63.43 ± 2.45) with good criteria. The magnitude of the influence of the discover learning model on students' collaboration abilities is obtained from an effect size index of 1.9 and has a high category in improving students' collaboration abilities. The discovery learning model can be concluded to have an influence on students' collaboration abilities.
Meta Analysis of the Effect of Applying the Problem Based Learning Model in Physics Learning to Improve Students' Ability to Solve Problems
Authors: Janna Fadhillah , Ulfa Aulia , Adinda Ismi Gustia , Desnita Desnita
Published: October 2024

The meta-analysis method in this research was used to determine how problem-based learning activities influence problem-solving abilities. Analysis is carried out based on material units and levels/classes. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the mechanical material unit had an effect size of 0.83 in the high category, for the electric magnetic material unit it had an effect size value of 1.12 in the very high category, for the optical wave material unit it had an effect size of 1.66 with very high category, for thermodynamic material units it has an effect size of 1.41 in the very high category, and for fluid material units it has an effect size of 1.56 in the very high category. Then for class X it has an effect size of 1.19 in the very high category, for class XI it has an effect size of 1.35 in the very high category and for class In conclusion, for the optical wave material unit, it has an effect size of 1.81 which has a very high influence on students' ability to solve problems and for class XI level it has an effect size of 1.35 which has a very high influence on students' ability to solve problems.
Medzivojnová Banská Bystrica: Obraz kultúrneho a spoločenského života
Authors: Polónyová Soňa
Published: October 2024

The interwar period in Banská Bystrica brought significant changes in the political, economic, cultural, and social spheres of the city. The establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic and subsequent democratic conditions accelerated the formation of a modern civil society and the development of culture. Key roles were played by education, associations, educational activities, periodicals, radio, libraries, as well as the development of arts, which included literature, theater, music, cinema, and visual arts. One of the centers of social and cultural life became the newly built National House, which significantly contributed to the shaping of public life. During this period, the celebration of anniversaries and significant visits represented an important aspect of social life. These events aimed to strengthen national identity and simultaneously serve to present the city in the best possible light.
„Keď zomrie tyran, zomrie s nim aj jeho vláda. Keď zomrie martýr, jeho vláda začína.“ Ku vzniku štátu Kráľovstva Srbov, Chorvátov a Slovincov na pozadí niekoľkých myšlienok existencialistov
Authors: Jakab František
Published: October 2024

The chilling events of World War I were a test for all of humanity, which until then could not even imagine such horrors. For many people, they meant death, suffering, or a fight for mere survival. Not even the nationals living on the Balkan Peninsula were an exception, which became the scene of the infamous trigger squeeze that started four and a half years of war frenzy. The work analyzes selected episodes preceding, concerning, or following the end of World War I and confronts them with an existentialist view of the world. In this context, it opens the question of objectivity, historical memory, political instrumentalization of fact, and the diversity of interpretation of the history of this segment of history.
Optimizing Health Pattern Recognition Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Enhanced Neural Network Performance
Authors: Assaad Mohammad A. , Shakah Ghazi H.
Published: October 2024

Health pattern recognition is vital for advancing personalized healthcare interventions. This research introduces a synergistic approach, combining Fuzzy C-Means clustering with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to optimize the hyperparameters of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and enhance health pattern recognition. Leveraging key features such as 'Smoker,' 'BMI,' and 'GenHlth,' Fuzzy C-Means reveals distinctive health clusters, providing nuanced insights into diverse health profiles within the dataset. Subsequently, the PSO algorithm systematically optimizes critical ANN hyperparameters, significantly decreasing the training loss to 0.004. This reduction underscores the effectiveness of the optimization process, indicating improved learning and predictive capabilities of the ANN. The proposed methodology not only refines health pattern recognition but also holds promise for personalized healthcare analytics. The identified clusters offer actionable insights for tailored interventions, addressing specific health profiles within the population. This research contributes to the evolving landscape of healthcare analytics by integrating advanced clustering and optimization techniques, paving the way for more effective and individualized healthcare strategies.
Newsjacking in advertising: the discursive dominant of "COVID 19"
Authors: Terskikh M.V.
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to a newsjacking as a fairly new media technology that allows you to draw more attention to the promoted product: goods, service, personality, social problem, etc., as well as to ensure standing out from the competitors. The effectiveness of this tool is explained by the following fact: in the wake of the popularity of an event important for a region, country or even the world, and increased attention to it, you can also increase the recognition of your product in the media space. Moreover, situational marketing of this type, as a rule, presupposes a focus of attention towards the current newsworthy events and a high reaction rate to them. In the classic form, a newsworthy event rarely lives longer than five days, but there are also options for a prolonged newsworthy event, the appeal to which can be quite lengthy. COVID-19 became such a relevant “news stream” in 2020. The author analyzes the methods of representing the discursive dominant "COVID-19" in advertising texts, considers tools for ensuring greater attractiveness and effectiveness of advertising campaigns based on appeal to coronavirus topics. The material for the study was more than 60 multi-code advertising texts (video advertising, outdoor advertising, print advertising, product packaging), which are based on an appeal to the discursive dominant "COVID-19". The method of complex linguistic description was used as a basic one, including methods of generalization, interpretation and classification of linguistic facts.
Communicative and pragmatic specifics of the genre of the order: diachronic aspect
Authors: Ulanov A.V.
Published: October 2024

Linguistic stylistic and communicative features of the genre "order" are considered. The structure of administrative acts is analyzed, the peculiarities of the functioning of orders in the linguistic and cultural space of the Russian military discourse of the beginning of the 20th century are revealed in detail. The communicative and pragmatic specificity of the genre of the order in the diachronic aspect is studied in detail. The source of the research is administrative acts of the 1890s-1910s (orders, circulars, etc.), which have all the genre features of orders, but at the same time contain elements that are not characteristic of this genre. The article analyzes the structural and content features of such texts, which affect their communicative and pragmatic specifics. The formation of the order as a genre in the late 19th - early 20th century was dictated by the use of a wide range of productive means of verbal expression. In the course of a diachronic study of the communicative specifics of the genre of the order, a list of strategies and tactics used by the authors of administrative acts was established, as well as their main thematic groups implemented in the context of orders were identified. The conclusion is made about the structural and genre formation of these documents, which were an important link in the communication flows of oral and written military records management at the beginning of the 20th century. In the course of the study, materials on the history of the office work of the Siberian Cossack army of the late 19th - early 20th century were involved.
The Bakhtin phenomenon and the mystery of culture
Authors: Yachin S.E. , Petrakova N.V.
Published: October 2024

In this article, M. Bakhtin's dialogue is considered as a principle underlying culture. At the same time, in accordance with the method of analytical stratification of modes and existentials of human existence, the dialogue is presented as a three-level structure, including existential, symbolic and normative planes. The paper shows the consistent shift of Bakhtin's attention from the existential (interpersonal) layer of dialogue, which is emphasized in the thinker's earliest works, through its symbolic dimension (as communication mediated by language), to the normative regime unfolding in the logic of the exchange of objectified results of speech activity. The article considers the positions of three followers of Bakhtin, in which the specified regularity is most clearly expressed. The merit of V. Bibler is the understanding of dialogism as the general logic of culture. Yu. Lotman introduced the idea of intertextual exchange into the understanding of the logic of culture. J. Kristeva most radically departs from the idea of an individual subject, eliminating the existential and symbolic dimension of dialogue. At the same time, dialogue as a complex intersubjective relationship does not allow to fully resolve the mystery of culture, to reveal its own law, since it is itself founded by a deeper foundation. The authors, in accordance with the stable anthropological tradition, propose to consider the principle of gift or gift exchange as such a basis. Cultural anthropology fixes the above principle as the beginning of the cultural life of any human communities.
Russian communicative behavior analysis on the material of Birchpunk project short films
Authors: Gorshunova A.S.
Published: October 2024

Communicative behavior is a set of norms and traditions of particular nation's communication that people use to identify their and others' belonging to a particular linguistic and cultural community. Nowadays, widely available sources of information about national and cultural traditions and habits include a variety of digital artifacts presented on the Internet. Such artifacts are relevant material for study. The purpose of this study is to compare Russian communicative behavior, shown in a contemporary material, with the description presented in the scientific literature. The research method is the situational model of the description of the communicative behavior. Research material is the popular short fiction films of the Birchpunk project about Russia of the future. To achieve the purpose the following tasks were carried out. First, a set of communicative situations for analysis was chosen, its are establishment and termination of communicative contact. Second, a review of case studies to identify the features of Russian communicative behavior in general and in selected situations was conducted. Third, using the situational model the communicative behavior of characters was described and analyzed. Finally, a comparison of data obtained at the stages of review and analysis was made. It was found that the samples of communicative behavior contained in the films studied are typical for the Russian linguistic and cultural community, but have a number of nuances related to the peculiarities of the material.