bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unaccompanied minors’ needs and the child welfare response
Authors: Sanfelici Mara , Wellman Barry , Mordeglia Silvana
Published: September 2020

This study examines a sample of 1705 cases of unaccompanied and separated children (UASCs) included in a pilot project for early recovery child protection intervention. The project was started in two Southern Italian regions; multidisciplinary teams ensured an immediate intervention at the moment of disembarkation, working on children engagement and need assessment. Data were gathered about minors’ characteristics and services activated. Descriptive information was selected to develop a profile of cases and bivariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between case characteristics and outcomes.

Findings

The UASCs belong to 38 different nationalities, forming a very diverse group in terms of culture, reasons for leaving their country and past experiences, most of them traumatic. A high number of children were victims of torture, maltreatment, and human trafficking. The empirical evidence highlights that, at the end of the intervention, the majority of UASCs were still hosted in first-level facilities that could respond to basic needs only. Second-level centres were not always equipped to promote their integration process.

Applications

Findings suggest that even if an early child protection intervention to identify children’s strengths and vulnerabilities was crucial for the children engagement, a parallel action for advocacy at national and European level needs to be carried out to raise awareness about human rights violations, the complexity of these minors’ needs, and the necessity to promote adequate services in the reception system, giving voice to these children.
Mode shape–aided cable force determination using digital image correlation
Authors: Yan Banfu , Li Derui , Chen Wenbing , Deng Lu , Jiang Xiaomo
Published: September 2020

Assuming the distance between two nodal points of a specific cable vibration mode as the effective length of a pinned–pinned cable, mode shape–aided cable tension estimation methods are employed to estimate the cable force. This article proposes a framework based on digital image correlation technique for remote measurement of the dynamic displacement time history of cables in cable structures. Frequency domain decomposition technique is then used to extract the cable natural frequencies and mode shapes. Identified cable mode shapes are used along with a tensioned pinned–pinned cable model to estimate the cable force. Accuracy of the proposed methodology is investigated using the experimental data coming from a laboratory-scale test setup and hanger cables of a real-world arch bridge.
The Impact of Discrimination Beyond Sense of Belonging: Predicting College Students’ Confidence in Their Ability to Graduate
Authors: Jackson Zachary A. , Harvey I. Shevon , Sherman Ledric D.
Published: September 2020

Data from the Healthy Mind Study were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses to determine the role of discriminatory experience in students’ confidence in their ability to persist through graduation, controlling for age, extracurricular activity participation, housing, years in their degree program, and their sense of belonging. The final sample consists of 4,708 college students—57.1% women, 70.8% Whites, 7.4% Blacks, 10.4% Asians, and 10.4% Latinx. A final hierarchical multiple regression with discrimination and covariates revealed an overall model that explained 15.5% of the total variance of confidence to persist (F [12, 4574] = 76.762, p < .001). The frequency of discriminatory experiences explains a statistically significant percentage of the variance in students’ confidence in their ability to persist. Thus, efforts to minimize students’ discriminatory experiences need to be increased. This study offers an initial step that institutions can implement to serve and retain their students better.
Emotional Detachment Moderates Associations Between Students’ Perceptions of Parental Support and First-Year College Adjustment: Generational Status Differences
Authors: Lee Grace Y. , Fletcher Anne C.
Published: September 2020

First-year college students ( N = 384) self-reported parental support, emotional detachment from parents, and college adjustment. Higher levels of parental social support were associated with greater academic adjustment, social adjustment, and institutional attachment. Higher levels of emotional detachment were associated with greater institutional attachment. Emotional detachment moderated the association between parental support and college adjustment, with the nature of moderation differing by generational status. For first-generation students, higher levels of parental social support were associated with greater levels of academic adjustment when students were less detached from parents, but lower levels of academic adjustment when students were more detached from parents.
Time Perspective and Grade Expectations as Predictors of Student Achievement and Retention in the First Year of Community College
Authors: Acee Taylor W. , Hoff Meagan A. , Flaggs Darolyn A. , Sylvester Breana
Published: September 2020

The authors examined three motivational factors (first-year grade expectations, present-focused time perspective, and future-focused time perspective) as predictors of achievement and retention outcomes for students ( N = 844) in their first semester at a predominately Hispanic-serving community college, accounting for student background characteristics. In this correlation research study, instructors administered surveys to students in a required first-year orientation course. Survey data was then merged with institutional data. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggested that first-year grade expectations, present-focused time perspective, age, ethnicity, first-generation status, and academically underprepared status were statistically significant predictors of first-semester GPA and explained 9.0% of the variation, whereas future-focused time perspective, sex, and economically disadvantaged status were not. First-year grade expectations and economically disadvantaged status significantly predicted second-semester retention; the other study predictors did not. This study expands research on malleable motivational factors educators could target to support students in their first year of community college.
Why Attachment Matters: First-Year Post-secondary Students’ Experience of Burnout, Disengagement, and Drop-Out
Authors: Bumbacco Carly , Scharfe Elaine
Published: September 2020

Despite considerable evidence that attachment theory is a valuable framework for understanding educational outcomes, associations between attachment representations, academic burnout, engagement, and drop-out have been largely overlooked. In this study, 290 first-year post-secondary students completed attachment, academic burnout, and academic engagement questionnaires; 15% of the 290 students did not return for their second year. Using Structural Equation Modelling, we were able to simultaneously test the associations among variables while controlling for measurement error which may attenuate or overestimate the associations between variables. We also tested whether the associations were similar when the decision to drop-out was added to the model. Attachment anxiety, but not attachment approach-avoidance, was found to be associated with higher burnout and lower engagement. Furthermore, higher burnout increased chances of drop-out. Implications of these findings for universities include consideration of attachment relationships when developing interventions to reduce student burnout, disengagement, and drop-out is discussed.
Risk Factors for Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Binglu , Zheng Chaoji , Liu Wei , Hong Tao , He Xiaodong
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy; 75% of patients with this disease have sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. While surgery is the only curative treatment, the benefit of prophylactic lateral neck dissection is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological risk factors associated with lateral lymph node metastases and determine the indication for prophylactic lateral neck dissection in patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Methods:

The medical records of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma who were treated at our hospital between January 2002 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed; a database of their demographic characteristics, test results, and pathological information was constructed. The relationship between lateral lymph node metastases and clinicopathologic sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma features were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

Overall, 125 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma were included; 47.2% and 39.2% had confirmed central and lateral lymph node metastases, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified 2 independent factors associated with lateral lymph node metastases: positive central lymph node metastases (odds ratio = 9.764, 95% confidence interval: 2.610–36.523; p = 0.001) and positive lateral lymph nodes on ultrasonography (odds ratio = 101.747, 95% confidence interval: 14.666–705.869; p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy. Lymph node metastases are common in patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Prophylactic lateral neck dissection is recommended for patients who exhibit positive central lymph node metastases and/or positive lateral lymph nodes on ultrasonography.
Dissociations and Cognitive Distortions: True, True, and Possibly Related
Authors: Salpekar Jay A.
Published: September 2020

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When Institutionalisation Threatens Peacebuilding: The Case of Kenya’s Infrastructure for Peace
Authors: Githaiga Nyambura
Published: September 2020

What are the effects of institutionalisation on long-term peacebuilding? In theory, institutionalisation enhances national and local capacities to sustain peace in the long term. However, in the case of Kenya, institutionalisation now poses a threat to peacebuilding. Institutionalisation is the process of formalising peacebuilding through state policy and structures that aim to sustain more permanent capacities for peace. Institutionalising peacebuilding through the infrastructure for peace in Kenya has increased national capacities for peace. Yet the process of institutionalisation now threatens local agency, effective peace practice, and resource sustainability. These findings are based on qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentary evidence. While infrastructures for peace vary in composition and degree of institutionalisation, the findings from Kenya offer insights on the potential threats of institutionalisation to the sustainability of long-term peacebuilding.
Doppler Digest: Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Secondary to Focal Posterior Tibial Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Verelst Hendrik , Boeren Karolien
Published: September 2020

A compression of the posterior tibial nerve at the level of the tarsal tunnel, the so-called tarsal tunnel syndrome, most often arises secondary to scarring and fibrosis, tenosynovitis, or a mass effect of ganglion cysts and nerve sheath tumors. Most patients complain of a burning or stinging sensation in the foot sole, especially on plantar flexion and pronation of the foot. We report a case of tarsal tunnel syndrome, secondary to inflammation and edema of a localized thrombosis of the posterior tibial veins. We did not encounter any previous similar publications, but perhaps this could be an underreported comorbidity of deep venous thrombosis in the posterior tibial vein.
Greater Occipital Nerve Stimulation Boosts Associative Memory in Older Individuals: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Luckey Alison M. , McLeod S. Lauren , Robertson Ian H. , To Wing Ting , Vanneste Sven
Published: September 2020

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (tES) is a new approach that aims to stimulate the brain. Recently, we have developed tES approaches to enhance plasticity that modulate cortical activity via the greater occipital nerve (ON) in a “bottom-up” way. Thirty subjects between the ages of 55 and 70 years were enrolled and tested using a double-blind, sham-controlled, and randomized design. Half of the participants received active stimulation, while the other half received sham stimulation. Our results demonstrate that ON-tES can enhance memory in older individuals after one session, with effects persisting up to 28 days after stimulation. The hypothesized mechanism by which ON-tES enhances memory is activation of the locus coeruleus–noradrenaline (LC-NA) pathway. It is likely that this pathway was activated after ON-tES, as supported by observed changes in α-amylase concentrations, a biomarker for noradrenaline. There were no significant or long-lasting side effects observed during stimulation. Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT03467698).
Virtual testbed for monocular visual navigation of small unmanned aircraft systems
Authors: Kim Kyung , Leishman Robert C , Nykl Scott L
Published: September 2020

Monocular visual navigation methods have seen significant advances in the last decade, recently producing several real-time solutions for autonomously navigating small unmanned aircraft systems without relying on the Global Positioning System (GPS). This is critical for military operations that may involve environments where GPS signals are degraded or denied. However, testing and comparing visual navigation algorithms remains a challenge since visual data is expensive to gather. Conducting flight tests in a virtual environment is an attractive solution prior to committing to outdoor testing. This work presents a virtual testbed for conducting simulated flight tests over real-world terrain and analyzing the real-time performance of visual navigation algorithms at 31 Hz. This tool was created to ultimately find a visual odometry algorithm appropriate for further GPS-denied navigation research on fixed-wing aircraft, even though all of the algorithms were designed for other modalities. This testbed was used to evaluate three current state-of-the-art, open-source monocular visual odometry algorithms on a fixed-wing platform: Direct Sparse Odometry, Semi-Direct Visual Odometry, and ORB-SLAM2 (with loop closures disabled).
Polymorphism in the Androgen Biosynthesis Gene (CYP17), a Risk for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Effah Clement Yaw , Wang Ling , Agboyibor Clement , Drokow Emmanuel Kwateng , Yu Songcheng , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun
Published: September 2020

Gene polymorphism is one of the few factors that increases the risk of prostate cancer. T to C substitution in the 5’ promoter region of the CYP17 gene is hypothesized to increase the rate of gene transcription, increase androgen production, and thereby increase the risk of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the inconsistencies originating from studies on CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer prompted this meta-analysis, to decipher the association between CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer. Most case-control studies addressing CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer were exhaustively searched from Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The various genotype distributions as well as the minor allele distributions were retrieved. Pooled odds ratios ( ORs) with their 95% CI and estimates of the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium were calculated. Analyses were performed using the RevMan v.5.3 software and SPSS v.21. There was high-pooled heterogeneity ( I2 = 87.0%, OR = .42, CI [.39, .45], and p < .001) among the A2 versus A1 allele. With the per-allele model (A2 versus A1), ethnicity was a major risk factor to prostate cancer, with Asians recording the highest risk ( OR = 12.61, 95% CI [8.77, 18.12]). From the genotype models, A1/A1 versus A2/A2 ( OR = 3.02, 95% CI [2.65, 3.44]) and A1/A2 versus A2/A2 ( OR = 4.39, 95% CI [3.86, 5.00]) were all significantly associated with prostate cancer. Although some genotype models were associated with the risk of prostate cancer, we should be mindful when interpreting the results of this study because of the limited number of studies and the small sample size used.
Up-regulated long non-coding RNA ILF3-AS1 indicates poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promoted cell metastasis
Authors: Yang Xuewen , Lin Feng , Gao Feng
Published: September 2020

Background:

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to participate in the regulation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Here, we endeavored to explore the character of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its function.

Methods:

A total of 68 nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal nasopharyngeal tissues were collected. Expressions of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 in these tissues were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between the expression level of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 and clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed. Inhibition of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 was done using small interference RNA.

Results:

lncRNA ILF3-AS1 expression was significantly up-regulated in the 68 nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue samples compared to their adjacent normal tissue samples. Increased lncRNA ILF3-AS1 level was related to the advanced tumor node metastasis stage and the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Also, increased lncRNA ILF3-AS1 indicated poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Inhibition of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 reduced proliferation, invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. MicroRNA-320a (miR-320a) was determined as a direct target for lncRNA ILF3-AS1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, lncRNA ILF3-AS1 could sponge miR-320a to promote BMI1 expression. The expression of BMI1 was significantly inhibited by the down-regulation of lncRNA ILF3-AS1.

Conclusions:

For the first time, we demonstrated that lncRNA ILF3-AS1 was markedly over-expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cells. Elevated lncRNA ILF3-AS1 expression was correlated with severe cancer stage and poor prognosis. lncRNA ILF3-AS1 could promote proliferation, invasion, and migration of cells, which might indicate a novel target site for the future diagnosis and therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Fenceless obstacle avoidance method for efficient and safe human–robot collaboration in a shared work space
Authors: Mayyas Mohammad , Vadlamudi Sai P , Syed Muhammed A
Published: September 2020

In a given manufacturing setting where workers or robots are coexisting in a confined area and their movements are not coordinated due to loss in communication or because they are freely ranging relative to each other, the development of an onboard safeguard system for a robot becomes a necessity to reduce accidents while the production efficiency is uncompromised. This article develops a two-dimensional dynamics model that predicts the relative position between a robot’s end-of-arm tooling and an approaching object or threat. The safety strategy applied to the robot is derived from the calculation of three parameters: the time of collision predicted from the linear motion between the approaching object and the robot’s end-of-arm tooling, the relative absolute distance, and the overlapping area ratio. These parameters combined are updated in a cost function that is sufficiently alarming the collision severity of an approaching object in real time. This model enables deployment a safe and a productive collaborative interaction in the manufacturing environment where workers and robots are seemingly moving in close proximity within an open workspace with less safeguard barriers.
Examining the linkage between class attendance at university and academic performance in an International Branch Campus setting
Authors: Karnik Ajit , Kishore Pallavi , Meraj Mohammad
Published: September 2020

The relationship between class attendance and academic performance has been an important area of research, with a positive association being posited between the two. The setting for our study is an International Branch Campus (IBC) of a British university that needs to demonstrate the quality of its service delivery both to the parent institution and to the fee-paying students. We employ a dataset of over 900 students in an undergraduate degree programme and subject it to statistical techniques, namely quantile regression and two-stage quantile regression. Our results show that attendance has a beneficial influence on academic performance and this benefit persists at higher percentile of grades. We propose that IBCs could consider an attendance policy that encourages students to attend classes.
Body cameras behind bars: Exploring correctional officers’ feelings of safety with body-worn cameras
Authors: Sydes Michelle , Dodd Shannon , Antrobus Emma
Published: September 2020

Amid rising rates of prison violence, corrective service agencies worldwide are increasingly championing body-worn cameras as a tool with the potential of making the prison environment safer. Little is known, however, whether this technology makes correctional officers feel safer while carrying out their duties in an environment with higher rates of violence than most other occupations. Using survey data and interviews with correctional officers in Queensland, Australia, this study shows that for many correctional officers, body-worn cameras do not improve feelings of safety or have a civilizing effect on prisoner behavior. Most correctional officers do believe, however, that the presence of body-worn cameras reduces the threat of false allegations and thereby improves their “professional” safety. This study also considers whether officers’ perceptions of physical or professional safety vary by officer characteristics, body-worn camera usage, and prison type.
Standardized algorithm for muscle selection and dosing of botulinum toxin for Parkinson tremor using kinematic analysis
Authors: Samotus Olivia , Lee Jack , Jog Mandar
Published: September 2020

Background:

Inadequate efficacy and significant side effect profile makes pharmacological treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) tremor challenging. Personalized dosing of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) using tremor analysis has shown efficacy and safety for treating upper limb tremor. This study incorporated a novel, standardized treatment algorithm for determining injection pattern and BoNT-A dosing, customizable by the physician, in PD patients with disabling tremor in one or both arms.

Methods:

This open-label study included 47 PD participants (25 “De-novo” and 22 “L-dopa”) who received 4 serial BoNT-A treatments with follow-ups at 6 weeks post-treatment over 42 weeks. The treatment algorithm utilized kinematic tremor analysis of each participant’s whole arm tremor and determined the physician’s injection pattern of BoNT-A. Endpoints included changes in angular tremor amplitude, Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM C) tremor scale, Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) tremor-related score, tremor-related quality of life questionnaire, Likert ratings of perceived weakness, and maximal grip strength.

Results:

BoNT-A significantly ( p < 0.05) improved tremor amplitude (41.6%), quality of life (23.0%), UPDRS tremor score (29.6%), and arm function (FTM C; 24.6%) for both treatment cohorts from weeks 6 to 42. Maximum grip strength was reduced between 7.4% and 23.0% at follow-up visits and did not impact activities of daily living. Efficacy was obtained with first injection and remained without adjustment over two serial injection in 45% of participants.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to use a fully standardized treatment algorithm for personalization of BoNT-A injection patterns for disabling PD tremor over serial treatments. A sustained alleviation of tremor severity and improved arm function and quality of life fulfills an important unmet need for the treatment of PD tremor. This study demonstrated that BoNT-A can be administered as a monotherapy in tremor-dominant PD or as an add-on therapy for refractory PD tremor.
Two New Taxane Diterpenoids From Taxus baccata
Authors: Ding Qi , Fang Dong-Mei , Li Xiao-Huan , Gao Feng
Published: September 2020

Two new diterpenoids named 13-oxo-wollifoliane-10,15-olide (1) and 19-acetoxy-7,9,10-deacetyl-baccatin VI (2), along with 14 known taxanes (3-16), were isolated from Taxus baccata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, high-resolution electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Structurally, 13-oxo-wollifoliane-10,15-olide (1) is the first taxane diterpenoid possessing an unusual carbonyl group at the C-13 position of the 11(15→1),11(10→9)bis- abeo-taxane structure (5/6/6/6/4 skeleton), and 19-acetoxy-7,9,10-deacetyl-baccatin VI (2) is a new compound containing an acetoxy group at the C-19 position of 6/8/6/4-taxane. Among the 14 known taxane compounds 3-16, compounds 7 and 9 were first isolated and reported from T. baccata. Several compounds (3-16) were evaluated for cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HCT116 human cancer cell lines, but none of them showed considerable cytotoxic activity.
Natural PTP1B Inhibitors From Polygonum cuspidatum and Their 2-NBDG Uptake Stimulation
Authors: Le Hong-Luyen , To Dao-Cuong , Tran Manh-Hung , Do Thi-Thuy , Nguyen Phi-Hung
Published: September 2020

Ten active principles (compounds 1-10) have been isolated following protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) assay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. The chemical structures of the compounds were characterized mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and physicochemical data. This is the first time that 9,10-anthraquinones (compounds 5-6) have been isolated from P. cuspidatum, and this is the first record of compound 9 from the genus Polygonum. Except for compound 4, all the isolates showed potential inhibitory activity against PTP1B with half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 values ranging from 6.3 to 28.9 µM. Furthermore, a kinetic study indicated mixed-competitive inhibition with PTP1B for compounds 2 and 9 and noncompetitive inhibition for compounds 3 and 6. In addition, compounds 2, 3, 6, and 9 also induced the 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-d-glucose uptake stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 10 and 5 µM. Taken together, the results reveal that P. cuspidatum could be a new source of natural compounds for further research and development of antidiabetic agents.
COVID-19 Disease and Hypercoagulability Leading to Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mullaguri Naresh , Hepburn Madihah , Gebel James Matthew , Itrat Ahmed , George Pravin , Newey Christopher R.
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

SARS-Coronavirus-2 infection leading to COVID-19 disease presents most often with respiratory failure. The systemic inflammatory response of SARS-CoV-2 along with the hypercoagulable state that the infection elicits can lead to acute thrombotic complications including ischemic stroke. We present 3 cases of patients with COVID-19 disease who presented with varying degrees of vascular thrombosis.

Cases:

Cases 1 and 2 presented as cerebral ischemic strokes without respiratory failure. Given their exposure risks, they were both tested for COVID-19 disease. Case 2 ultimately developed respiratory failure and pulmonary embolism. Cases 2 and 3 were found to have simultaneous arterial and venous thromboembolism (ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism) as well as positive antiphospholipid antibodies.

Conclusion:

Our case series highlight the presence of hypercoagulability as an important mechanism in patients with COVID-19 disease with and without respiratory failure. Despite arterial and venous thromboembolic events, antiphospholipid and hypercoagulable panels in the acute phase can be difficult to interpret in the context of acute phase response and utilization of thrombolytics. SARS-CoV-2 testing in patients presenting with stroke symptoms may be useful in communities with a high case burden or patients with a history of exposure.
Can Psychological Traits Explain Mobility Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Moon Jordan W. , Savage David A. , Skali Ahmed , Torgler Benno , Whyte Stephen
Published: September 2020

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a global, exogenous shock, impacting individuals’ decision making and behavior allowing researchers to test theories of personality by exploring how traits, in conjunction with individual and societal differences, affect compliance and cooperation. Study 1 used Google mobility data and nation-level personality data from 31 countries, both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, finding that agreeable nations are most consistently compliant with mobility restrictions. Study 2 ( N = 105,857) replicated these findings using individual-level data, showing that several personality traits predict sheltering in place behavior, but extraverts are especially likely to remain mobile. Overall, our analyses reveal robust relationships between traits and regulatory compliance (mobility behavior), both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, and the global declaration of the pandemic. Further, we find significant effects on reasons for leaving home, as well as age and gender differences, particularly relating to female agreeableness for previous and future social mobility behaviors. These sex differences, however, are only visible for those living in households with two or more people, suggesting that such findings may be driven by division of labor.
Effects of kenaf filler reinforcement on mechanical properties of molded polypropylene composites: A particle size study
Authors: Dovlatabadi Sorush
Published: September 2020

The combination of natural fibers in petroleum plastic soften industrial footprints on the environment. Plastic matrix can be filled with renewable resources leading to a greener composite that is biodegradable. This paper focuses on particulate kenaf filler modification and its affects on the properties of polypropylene, processing techniques and the use of particle size filler for improving linkages between fiber and polymeric matrixes.
Teaching about and for social justice in teacher education in Hong Kong
Authors: Chong Eric King-Man , Davies Ian , Pao Shun-Shing
Published: September 2020

This paper analyses the learning impacts of a social justice learning unit, which was implemented through three lectures in each of two undergraduate teacher education courses in 2017/18 across two semesters. The design of the unit allows for social inquiry and experiential learning in the undergraduate curriculum. A sequential mixed-methods design was adopted, with pre and post questionnaire and interview data gathered from undergraduate students. We argue that learning and applying social justice concepts through group inquiry and other learning activities on social justice related issues, together with an experiential learning site visit, can facilitate the development of understanding of both the concept and application of social justice, a positive perception towards ethnic minorities and a desire for further learning and engagement in the community. This study would be useful for any university educators who want to teach about and for social justice in ways that may help students to develop an increased willingness for community service.
Acute presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with severe vision deficits
Authors: Shaia Jacqueline K , Elzie Carrie
Published: September 2020

Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in which visual decline occurs within 4 weeks of initial symptom presentation. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension usually presents with headaches, visual disturbances, and in women who are overweight. We present a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in which a female patient presented with rapid, severe vision loss within 8 days of symptom presentation and no other idiopathic intracranial hypertension symptoms. This case highlights a rare presentation of Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension and the need for a quick diagnosis and treatment to preserve vision.
Cannabinoid use among Americans with MS: Current trends and gaps in knowledge
Authors: Braley Tiffany J , Whibley Daniel , Alschuler Kevin N , Ehde Dawn M , Chervin Ronald D , Clauw Daniel J , Williams David , Kratz Anna L
Published: September 2020

Background

Up-to-date information regarding the scope and impact of cannabinoid use among persons with MS (PwMS) is necessary to guide clinical practice and cannabinoid research.

Objectives

To assess utilization patterns and perceived impact of cannabinoid use among a national cohort of PwMS.

Methods

Data collected were part of a nationwide survey to characterize pain in PwMS. Items included questions about current/recent cannabinoid use, reasons for use, preferred THC/CBD formulations, and perceived benefits/side effects. PROMIS short-forms assessed symptom severity. Pain phenotype was assessed with the painDETECT questionnaire and FMSurvey Criteria Questionnaires.

Results

Among n = 1,027 respondents, 42% endorsed recent cannabinoid use, of which 18% endorsed healthcare provider guidance regarding use. PROMIS scores (except cognitive abilities), and pain centralization and neuropathic pain scores, were higher among recent/current users (each p < 0.0001). Sleep and pain were the most frequently reported reasons for use. Benefit from cannabinoids for sleep and pain were strongly correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). For those who expressed a preference for specific THC/CBD ratios, CBD-predominant formulations were favored.

Conclusion

Cannabinoid use is common in PwMS, despite a paucity of provider guidance. The range of perceived benefits, and potential differential effects of THC and CBD, highlight the need for personalized, evidence-based guidelines regarding cannabinoid use.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project legitimisation: The rhetor’s innovation and the US response
Authors: Malik Tariq H
Published: September 2020

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has attracted support and critique for its legitimacy and potential success. Its opponents see challenges more than prospects because of American inattention and resistance, and its proponents see prospects more than challenges because of the attention from the rest of the world. While both sides use valid reasons for their explicit or implicit views, they focus on the legitimacy by its taken-for-granted status. The BRI project as innovation is at the legitimisation process stage. To address the legitimisation of the BRI project innovation, we use rhetorical theory to analyse the Chinese official report in 2019, the American versus European media response to the BRI project and the US direct response to the BRI in the Indo-Pacific Strategy in 2019. Our exploratory findings show insights into the subjects, industries and regions. Firstly, the American media attention far exceeds the European media attention. Secondly, the American media attention and direct response to the BRI highlight the political issues, and the European media attention highlights economic issues. The Chinese official report mentions European countries, and excludes the USA. Thirdly, it uses Pakistan more frequently than other countries or regions in its achievement report, but the US has not mentioned Pakistan at all in its Indo-Pacific Strategy. Fourthly, the US political logic diverges from the logic of the BRI project, while the European economic logic converges to the logic of the BRI project. Based on these findings, we contribute to the legitimisation process of innovation, rhetorical theory and policy implications in the world.
Comparison study of different indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase inhibitors from the perspective of pharmacodynamic effects
Authors: Jiang Xue , Li Xiaopeng , Zheng Shuang , Du Guangying , Ma Jinbo , Zhang Liming , Wang Hongbo , Tian Jingwei
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was a potential tumor immunotherapy target. IDO inhibitors showed inconsistent results in clinical trials, but no preclinical comparative study was reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of representative IDO inhibitors (PCC0208009, INCB024360, NLG919) from the pharmacological perspective.

Methods:

In vitro experiments included: inhibition effects on IDO activity in cell and enzyme-based assay, effects on IDO expression in HeLa cells, and enhancement of proliferation and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In vivo experiments included: pharmacokinetics and tumor distribution in CT26-bearing mice, effects on Kyn/Trp and anti-tumor effect and immunological mechanism in CT26 and B16F10 tumor-bearing mice.

Results:

Compared with INCB024360 and NLG919, PCC0208009 effectively inhibited IDO activity at lower dose 2 nM and longer duration more than 72 h, had higher enhancements on PBMC proliferation and activation, and could inhibit the IDO expression in Hela cells. The pharmacokinetics characteristics of three IDO inhibitors were similar in CT26-bearing mice. In CT26 and B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, PCC0208009 and INCB024360 had similar effects in Kyn/Trp reduction, and more potent than NLG919; three IDO inhibitors had similar effects in tumor suppression, changes of the percentages of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells, and activation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, while PCC0208009 had a better tendency than INCB024360 and NLG919.

Conclusion:

PCC0208009, INCB024360, and NLG919 were all effective IDO inhibitors, but the comprehensive pharmacological activity of PCC0208009 was better than INCB024360 and NLG919, which was basically consistent with the results or progresses of clinical trials.
Language Related Difficulties Experienced by Caregivers of English-Speaking Seniors in Quebec
Authors: Sanderson Duncan
Published: September 2020

Little research has examined communication problems between speakers of official minority languages (patients or caregivers) and health care providers. The objective of this research was to identify the types of issues experienced by English-speaking caregivers of seniors in Quebec, as they interact with French-speaking health care providers. The majority of the caregivers interviewed indicated that they were satisfied with physicians’ interaction with the seniors they cared for. However, problems included health care providers who do not or who refuse to speak English, hospice personnel with insufficient English, anxiety about speaking to personnel in French, traveling to receive services in English, acting as an informal interpreter, receiving written documents in French, scheduling appointments through French-only phone systems or receptionists, and discrimination. The main finding is that in Quebec, language asymmetry might create additional stresses for an English-speaking caregiver, who is already likely to be stressed because of their caregiver role.
Green Behavior and Financial Performance: Impact on the Malaysian Fashion Industry
Authors: Ali Qaisar , Salman Asma , Parveen Shazia , Zaini Zaki
Published: September 2020

The dogma of conscious environmental behavior has laid the paradigm for sustainable consumer behavior. Modern-day corporates have introduced innovative business models to add a new value to manage fluctuations in consumer behaviors and rejuvenate their financial performance. Similarly, in fashion industry, textile firms have warmly embraced the new business models and widely adopted environmental management systems (EMSs) to contribute to environmental sustainability. This research aims to explore eco-consumerism and its impacts on the financial performance of textile firms in Malaysia. The secondary data of textile firms’ performance from 2013 to 2015 were collected from an online database and annual reports of firms’ web portals. The findings reveal that the textile firms which successfully adopted EMS such as ISO 14001 show significant changes in performance compared with firms which are yet to adopt EMS certification. Moreover, eco-consumerism directly impacts EMS-adopted firms’ performance. Our findings are robust for practical, research, and managerial implications to classify and understand the impacts of consumers’ green behavior on corporate performance. This study contributes to understand the influence of consumers’ eco-behavior to adopt EMS and its impact on the financial performance of textile firms in Malaysia.
Examining Types of Goals Set by Transition-Age Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Burke Kathryn M. , Shogren Karrie A. , Carlson Sarah
Published: September 2020

Goal setting and attainment are critical skills for young people with disabilities as they plan for their postschool lives in areas such as employment, postsecondary education, and community life. This article presents an analysis of the types of goals set by transition-age students with intellectual disability over 3 years while supported by teachers to use an evidence-based practice to promote self-determination, the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI). Teachers implemented the SDLMI as part of a statewide effort to enhance the transition to integrated employment for students with intellectual disability exiting high school. Findings reflect students’ desire to plan for multiple aspects of their lives in the adult world and the criticality of examining teacher expectations and how they relate to instruction and supports for students engaging in the goal-setting process. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Autologous Stem Cells in Cervical Spine Fusion
Authors: Hsieh Patrick C. , Chung Andrew S. , Brodke Darrel , Park Jong-Beom , Skelly Andrea C. , Brodt Erika D. , Chang Ki , Buser Zorica , Meisel Hans Joerg , Yoon S. Timothy , Wang Jeffrey C. ,   The AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Published: September 2020

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Objectives:

To systematically review, critically appraise and synthesize evidence on use of stem cells from autologous stem cells from bone marrow aspirate, adipose, or any other autologous sources for fusion in the cervical spine compared with other graft materials.

Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted for literature published through October 31, 2018 and through February 20, 2020 for EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov comparing autologous cell sources for cervical spine fusion to other graft options.

Results:

From 36 potentially relevant citations identified, 10 studies on cervical fusion met the inclusion criteria set a priori. Two retrospective cohort studies, one comparing cancellous bone marrow (CBM) versus hydroxyapatite (HA) and the other bone marrow aspirate (BMA) combined with autograft and HA versus autograft and HA alone, were identified. No statistical differences were seen between groups in either study for improvement in function, symptoms, or fusion; however, in the study evaluating BMA, the authors reported a statistically greater fusion rate and probability of fusion over time in the BMA versus the non-BMA group. Across case series evaluating BMA, authors reported improved function and pain and fusion ranged from 84% to 100% across the studies. In general, complications were poorly reported.

Conclusions:

The overall quality (strength) of evidence of effectiveness and safety of autologous BMA for cervical arthrodesis in the current available literature was very low. Based on currently available data, firm conclusions regarding the effectiveness or safety of BMA in cervical fusions cannot be made.
Immune and Metabolic Biomarkers in a Rodent Model of Spinal Cord Contusion
Authors: dos Santos e Santos Christiano , Welch Bradley A. , Edwards Shelley R. , Harris Kwamie K. , Duncan Brittany C. , Himel Alexandra R. , Grayson Bernadette E.
Published: September 2020

Study Design:

Basic science animal research study.

Objectives:

Using T10 spinal contused rats, we sought to identify molecular and circulating, metabolic and immune biomarkers during the subchronic and chronic recovery periods that may inform us concerning neurorehabilitation.

Methods:

Gene expression of the cord and ELISA were performed in 28 and 100 days in T10 injured rats and compared to sham-injured rats. Hundred-day injured rats were placed on either a low-fat or high-fat diet following the recovery phase. Linear regression analysis was performed between markers and locomotor score, body weight, body composition, and blood cholesterol and triglycerides.

Results:

Gene expression in the thoracic cord for complement marker, C1QC, dendritic cell marker, ITGAX, and cholesterol biosynthesis genes, FDFT1, HMCGR, LDLR, and SREBP1, were significantly associated with BBB score, body weight, composition, and other metabolic parameters. Circulating levels of these proteins, however, did not vary by injury or predict the level of locomotor recovery.

Conclusions:

Identification of reliable circulating biomarkers that are durable and based on level of spinal injury are complicated by immune and metabolic comorbidities. Continued work is necessary to identify stable markers of disease progression.
Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus After Infectious Mononucleosis in a 64-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Wang Shifang , Wang Shiyu , Singh Shaleindra
Published: September 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous symptoms that can manifest in any organ, and often presents at a young age. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is the acute clinical manifestation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is characterized by low-grade fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally symmetrical arthralgias. It has been proposed that EBV is a trigger for new-onset SLE, and patients with autoimmune disorders such as SLE are more likely to have recurrent IM infections. The patient, a 64-year old Caucasian female who’s only past medical history was hypertension, developed several months–long period of vague symptoms, including fatigue, malaise, nausea, and nonbilious vomiting with oral intake. She presented with symmetrical polyarthritis involving the hands and elbows, with no history of arthritis before this episode. At the 5-month follow-up, she presented with worsening arthritis bilaterally in her elbows and in her right knee. For several decades, there has been a theoretical association between EBV and SLE, with EBV thought to be one of the many possible triggers for development of SLE. Based on the disease course, we theorize that the patient’s IM and EBV infection led to development of SLE. A small fraction of SLE cases have been reported in literature to be associated with EBV. This case adds to that literature with EBV triggering development of SLE in a seemingly previously asymptomatic patient.