bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDICADORES ECOSSISTí­Å MICOS DE UMA PESCA DE PEQUENA ESCALA COM DADOS LIMITADOS NO RIO MADEIRA (BRASIL)
Authors: DORIA Carolina Rodrigues da Costa , LIMA Maria Alice Leite , ANGELINI Ronaldo
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise baseada em indicadores para pesca de pequena escala que opera no médio rio Madeira (Brasil), afluente do rio Amazonas. Foram utilizados dados de desembarques diários da Colônia de Pescadores de Porto Velho que registrou a produção das espécies (kg) capturadas entre 1990 e 2009 e o comprimento total durante cinco anos. As espécies foram classificadas por ní­­vel trófico, e foram calculados o balanço na pesca, í­­ndice L e as classes de tamanho. Além disso, as diferenças nos desembarques totais anuais (kg) foram correlacionadas com o ní­­vel da água do rio Madeira (cm). A captura anual média foi de 566,5 toneladas (Â± 193,6), com variação significativa entre os anos e não correlacionadas com o ní­­vel da água do rio. Os indicadores do ecossistema mostraram uma tendência estável, com oscilações nos últimos anos, refletindo maior captura de espécies com maiores comprimentos e ní­­vel trófico. Os gestores de pesca em regiões com dados pesqueiros limitados podem considerar esses indicadores para análises de estoque de peixes como de baixo custo, práticos e fáceis de calcular.
ENDOPARASITOS DE Gymnotus sp. (GYMNOTIFORMES: GYMNOTIDAE) DE ISQUEIROS COMERCIAIS NA BACIA DO PANTANAL, BRASIL CENTRAL
Authors: VENTURA Arlene Sobrinho , PÁDUA Santiago Benites de , ISHIKAWA Márcia Mayumi , MARTINS Maurício Laterça , TAKEMOTO Ricardo Massato , JERÔNIMO Gabriela Tomas
Published: June 2018

Este estudo avaliou os parasitos endohelmí­­nticos do peixe nativo Gymnotus spp. coletados de diferentes isqueiros comerciais na bacia do Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Central. De 99 peixes coletados para análise parasitológica, todos estavam parasitados por pelo menos um parasito por hospedeiro. Um total de 4504 parasitos foi coletado compreendendo os seguintes táxons: Digenea, Nematoda, Pentastomida e Acanthocephala. Rondonia rondoni e Goezia sp. bem como Alofia sp. foram registrados pela primeira vez em Gymnotus spp. A diversidade de espécies de parasitos no hospedeiro é discutida neste estudo.
MANEJO ALIMENTAR NA LARVICULTURA DO CAMARÃO-DA-AMAZÔNIA
Authors: FERREIRA Thaís Monteiro , BOOCK Marcello Villar , BARROS Helenice Pereira , MARQUES Helcio Luis de Almeida
Published: June 2018

Avaliou-se o horário de fornecimento de alimento vivo no iní­­cio do desenvolvimento larval e a frequência de arraçoamento com alimento inerte em larvicultura Macrobrachium amazonicum. Foram realizados dois experimentos: no Experimento I, náuplios de Artemia (A) foram ofertados em três horários (tratamentos): í­Â s 07:30 h (A7:30); í­Â s 12:00 h (A12:00) e 16:30 h (A16:30). No Experimento II, o alimento inerte (AI) foi oferecido nas seguintes frequências (tratamentos): duas vezes ao dia - í­Â s 08:00 e 17:00 h (AI2); três vezes ao dia - í­Â s 08:00; 12:30 e 17:00 h (AI3) e quatro vezes ao dia - í­Â s 08:00; 11:00, 14:00 e 17:00 h (AI4). Foram avaliadas as variáveis limnológicas (oxigênio dissolvido, pH, temperatura, salinidade, NH3+NH4, NO2 e NO3) e as variáveis de produção (peso, sobrevivência e dias de larvicultura). Os diferentes manejos avaliados não influenciaram significativamente na qualidade da água e nas variáveis de produção. Os resultados indicaram que, para o manejo alimentar na larvicultura de M. amazonicum, o alimento vivo (náuplios de Artemia) pode ser fornecido no iní­­cio da manhã e, após o estágio V, a dieta pode ser complementada com o alimento inerte, duas vezes por dia (iní­­cio da manhã e final da tarde).
GENES DE VIRULENCIA E RESISTí­Å NCIA ANTIMICROBIANA DE Vibrio parahaemolyticus EM ÁREAS DE OSTREICULTURA
Authors: CARDOSO Vaneza Leal , FERREIRA-GRISE Noely Marques , MAFRA Jéssica Ferreira , DUARTE Elizabeth Amélia Alves , OLIVEIRA Thiago Alves Santos de , EVANGELISTA-BARRETO Norma Suely
Published: June 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar Vibrio spp. e avaliar o perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e fatores de virulência em cepas de Vibrio parahaemolyticus em amostras de ostras em dois estuários do Baixo Sul da Bahia. As coletas foram realizadas no perí­­odo de junho de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, com coletas de ostras provenientes de bancos naturais (E1) e coletas de água e ostras provenientes de cultivo (E2). Para a quantificação de Vibrio spp. usou-se o número mais provável (NMP) e a caracterização de V. parahaemolyticus o marcador (espécie-especí­­fica) gene tl. A patogenicidade foi observada com o teste de Kanagawa e presença dos genes tdh, trh e ure. Para o perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana foram usados 15 antimicrobianos (método disco difusão), produção de enzimas Î²-lactamases e presença dos genes blaTEM, blaSHV e blaCTX-M. A densidade máxima de Vibrio spp. em ostras de cultivo foi de log 4,70 NMP g-1 e de extrativismo log 6,10 NMP g-1, sendo a temperatura a variável que mais influenciou na presença dos microrganismos na área de cultivo (E2). O gene tl foi encontrado em 71% dos isolados, sem a presença dos genes tdh, trh e ure. Todas as cepas de V. parahaemolyticus foram Kanagawa negativo. Elevada resistência antimicrobiana foi observada aos antimicrobianos betalactí­¢micos (cefalotina - 72% e ampicilina - 60%) e aminoglicosí­­deos (amicacina - 64%), com multirresistência em 88% das cepas de V. parahaemolyticus, e dessas, em 68% a resistência era mediada por plasmí­­deos. Fenotipicamente não foi observada produção de enzimas Î²-lactamases, embora tenha sido observado a presença de genes blaTEM. O caráter de multirresistência sobretudo por plasmí­­deos em cepas de V. parahaemolyticus aumenta a preocupação de bactérias autóctones do meio marinho, pois compromete o controle de infecção por esta bactéria em moluscos bivalves.
Metodoloji, Kavram ve Konu Kıskacında (Türk) Eğitim Tarihçiliği
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Mustafa
Published: June 2018

Türk
eğitim tarihçiliği II. Meşrutiyet sonlarında ilk ürünlerini vermiş bir
disiplindir. Satı Bey, Mahmud Cevat ve Muallim Cevdet ile başlayan süreç Osman
Ergin, Aziz Berker, Hasan Ali Koçer ile devam etmiş Yahya Akyüz, Mustafa Ergün,
Akşin Somel gibi yeni eğitim tarihçileri ile devam etmektedir. Bugün Türk
eğitim tarihçiliği eğitimci kişi, şehir, öğretim yöntemi ve eserler üzerine
yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bunların başında, araştırmacı yetişme süreci ve bürokrasisi
gelir. Lisansüstü eğitim programların yapısı, disiplinlerarası etkileşim ve
performans eksiklikleri önceliklidir. İkinci mesele, eğitim tarihi
araştırmalarında kullanılan metot ve kaynaklardır. Arşiv materyalleri merkezli
yürüyen çalışmalar eğitim ve diğer bilimlerle sağlıklı irtibat kuramamaktadır.
Kaynaklar büyük oranda merkeze (İstanbul ve Ankara) odaklanmakta ve resmî tarih
ideolojisi ekseninde yazılmış birçok temel/kült eser çoğu kere sorgulanmadan
kullanılmaktadır. Üçüncü mesele, arşiv kaynakları ve basılı kitap dışındaki
materyallerin az kullanılmasıdır. Gazete, dergi, poster, antika, arkeolojik
buluntu, mektup, anı, ödül-ceza belgeleri, müze ve ders araç-gereçleri gibi
kaynakların kullanımı yaygın değildir. Röportaj, nitel araştırma, sözlü tarih
gibi yöntemler de az tercih edilmektedir.Eğitim
tarihçiliğinin mevcut konular üzerinde birçok risk ve fırsatından
bahsedilebilir. Birçok konu üzerinde henüz ciddi çalışmalar yoktur: Medrese
eğitimi, icazet, ders programları, ulemanın yayınları, haşiye, şerhler ve
medresenin modernleşme karşısındaki evrimi henüz bilinmemektedir. Tekke, zaviye
ve sıbyan mektepleri üzerine araştırmalar çok azdır, Enderun halâ bir efsane
durumundadır. Osmanlı’da gayrimüslim eğitimi tam anlamıyla bilinmemektedir,
misyonerlik araştırmaları tek yönlü olarak sürmektedir ve Batılı kaynaklar
neredeyse hiç kullanılmamaktadır. II. Abdülhamid, II. Meşrutiyet ve Cumhuriyet
döneminin pek çok eğitim meselesi henüz eğitim tarihçileri tarafından açık olarak
araştırılmış değildir.

Bu
makalede Türk eğitim tarihinin, metodoloji, kaynak ve konu bakımından
sınırlılıkları ve fırsatları örnekler eşliğinde gösterilecektir.
Atypical Mycobacterial Septic Arthritis of the Wrist
Authors: Ward Christina , Milam Graham
Published: June 2018

Cases:

Two patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) developed wrist pain following the initiation of antiretroviral treatment, and were diagnosed with chronic atypical mycobacterial septic arthritis. Aggressive operative debridement led to clinical improvement, provided tissue samples for diagnosis, and allowed for a targeted long-term antibacterial regimen.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should consider atypical mycobacterial organisms as a cause of joint infection in patients with HIV. Symptoms may become apparent after patients experience immune system recovery following antiretroviral treatment.
Bilateral Bicondylar Osteochondritis Dissecans in a Child with Spastic Diplegia and Crouch Gait
Authors: Nhan Derek T. , Garcia Marcel Robles , Lee R. Jay
Published: June 2018

Case:

The cause of osteochondritis dissecans is unknown. Various hypotheses suggest mechanical, ischemic, and hereditary causes. We describe a 13-year-old girl with spastic diplegia, a form of cerebral palsy, who had an associated crouch gait and presented with bilateral osteochondral defects of the medial and lateral femoral condyles.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the potential role of repetitive microtrauma, likely due to the poor biomechanical forces in a crouch gait, and provides support for a mechanical cause of osteochondritis dissecans.
Pengaruh Residu Insektisida Deltametrin Pada Tanaman Padi terhadap Tingkat Parasitasi Parasitoid Anagrus Nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
Authors: Meilin Araz , Trisyono Y. Andi , Buchori Damayanti
Published: June 2018

The impact of deltamethrin on natural enemies can be determined directly through contact and oral applications or indirectly through residues on plants. This research was aimed to determine the indirect impact of deltamethrin on the egg parasitoid of Anagrus nilaparvatae.  The rice plants of Cisadane variety were infested with 10 gravid females of N. lugens. Deltamethrin was applied at two concentrations (12.5 and 6.25 ppm) and at 7, 3, 1 day and 3 hours before the parasitization. Deltamethrin residues on rice plants were decrease the number of Nilaparvata lugens, parasitoid and  parasitization level of A. nilaparvatae. This suggests that deltamethrin residue on rice plants could decrease the role of A. nilaparvatae in controlling N. lugens.
Two-Scale Geomechanics of Shale
Authors: Sakhaee-Pour A.. , Li Wenfeng
Published: June 2018

The geomechanical properties of reservoirs, which are important for formation stimulation, are often determined from triaxial tests on large-scale samples such as core plugs or blocks. It is difficult to recover large samples from shale formations because they are mechanically unstable and usually break down into pieces. The present study develops a two-scale model that uses drill cuttings to estimate the static elastic properties of shales at the core scale. We first propose a physically representative element to capture the elastic deformation of a solid grain with a known minerology by accounting for the grain size and its elastic properties using the structural-mechanics approach (a small-scale model). We then develop a core-scale model dependent on the volume fractions of the minerals, which are obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD), for different realizations of the spatial distribution of the solid grains (large-scale model). The sensitivity of the large-scale model to the number of the elements is tested. The proposed model shows promising results for four shale formations (New Albany, Rocky Mountain Siliceous, Lower Bakken, and Barnett) and has major applications for the geomechanical characterization of a formation from drill cuttings.
Identification of Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Collard Collection
Authors: Branham Sandra E. , Farnham Mark W. , Robinson Shane M. , Wechter W. Patrick
Published: June 2018

Bacterial leaf blight incited by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (Pca) is a devastating disease with incidence reports worldwide and a wide host range capable of infecting all commercially valuable Brassica crops. With no chemical control options available, the most effective form of disease control is host plant resistance, but thus far resistant germplasm has only been identified in Brassica juncea L. (mustard greens). We report the first screening of Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis germplasm, including leafy green collard and collard-like accessions, for resistance to bacterial leaf blight by artificial inoculation of Pca in greenhouse trials. All commercial cultivars tested displayed an intermediate disease response resulting in leaf lesion development that renders the product unmarketable. Two sources of significant resistance were identified in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) viridis collection, which provides a valuable source of resistance alleles for collard cultivar development and introgression into other B. oleracea crops.
Inheritance of Resistance in Lima Bean to Phytophthora phaseoli, the Causal Agent of Downy Mildew of Lima Bean
Authors: Santamaria Luisa , Ernest Emmalea G. , Gregory Nancy F. , Evans Thomas A.
Published: June 2018

The oomycete Phytophthora phaseoli is one of the most threatening pathogens of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the humid Mid-Atlantic United States. In the last 60 years, P. phaseoli has evolved to overcome genetic resistance in the host and several physiological races have been identified during the last 6 decades. Six physiological races A, B, C, D, E, and F have been identified over the years. Only race F has been detected in the field over the past decade. Identifying and characterizing sources of resistance to this pathogen and determining the nature of resistance were the main objectives. Eight commercial cultivars and 35 germplasm accessions of P. lunatus were evaluated for their reaction to races E and F. Four commercial cultivars and four accessions with resistance to race E, and two cultivars and four accessions with resistance to race F were identified. None of the germplasm evaluated were resistant to both races. Five populations of F2 plants and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population were produced and inoculated to investigate the inheritance of resistance to races E and F. Resistance to races E and F was determined to be conferred by single, independent, dominant genes.
Germination Temperature and the Effect of Storage Time on the Seed Viability of Zephyra elegans (Tecophilaeaceae)
Authors: De la Cuadra Carlos , Vidal Alexis K. , Peñaloza Patricia , Mansur Leví , Huenchuleo Carlos
Published: June 2018

Zephyra elegans is a geophyte endemic to Chile that has horticultural value as a cut flower. Its natural habitat is a coastal desert climate with abundant cloud cover, little and variable precipitation, and mean monthly temperatures between 10 and 20 °C. It is hypothesized that the temperature requirements for germination of Z. elegans seeds are similar to those of Zephyra compacta, which shares the same habitat. As it is a species from a desert climate, it can be expected that its seeds remain viable during long periods of storage. The seeds used in this study were harvested in different years from plants grown from cultivated corms of Z. elegans. The germination test temperatures were 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C, and the dry storage times at room temperature (20 ± 5 °C) were 4, 16, 28, and 40 months. The temperature requirements for germination of Z. elegans seeds are similar to those of Z. compacta, which has been studied earlier, i.e., the temperature range for achieving high germination percentages is 10 to 20 °C, whereas 25 °C can be considered supraoptimal. After-ripening of the seeds occurred during dry storage, as shown by increased germination when tested at a supraoptimal temperature. The seeds had high viability after 40 months of dry storage at room temperature.
Tolerance of Caladium Cultivars Florida Cardinal and Florida Fantasy to Sulfonylurea Herbicides
Authors: Yu Jialin , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: June 2018

There is a need to identify postemergence (POST) herbicides for weed control in field-grown caladium [Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.]. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of two caladium cultivars Florida Cardinal and Florida Fantasy to POST applications of sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, imazosulfuron, and mesosulfuron. At 8 weeks after treatment (WAT), ‘Florida Cardinal’ and ‘Florida Fantasy’ treated with the highest rate of imazosulfuron (1680 g a.i./ha) had <10% visual injury, leaf number, height, and tuber weight reduction compared with the nontreated control. Both caladium cultivars exhibited greater susceptibility to flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesosulfuron as compared with imazosulfuron. The label-recommended rate of flazasulfuron (52 g a.i./ha), foramsulfuron (29 g a.i./ha), and mesosulfuron (15 g a.i./ha) reduced ‘Florida Cardinal’ height 35%, 27%, and 35%, respectively, and reduced ‘Florida Fantasy’ height 43%, 31%, and 21% compared with the nontreated plants, respectively. Caladium tuber weight exhibited a differential cultivar response to the evaluated SU herbicides, except imazosulfuron. The highest rate of flazasulfuron (420 g·ha−1), foramsulfuron (232 g·ha−1), and mesosulfuron (120 g·ha−1) reduced ‘Florida Cardinal’ tuber weight 50%, 65%, and 58% compared with the nontreated control, respectively, whereas these treatments reduced ‘Florida Fantasy’ tuber weight <25%. The mesosulfuron rate required for 20% tuber weight reduction (T20) in ‘Florida Cardinal’ was 2 g·ha−1, but the T20 value was 28 g·ha−1 for ‘Florida Fantasy’. We concluded that the caladium cultivars Florida Cardinal and Florida Fantasy are highly tolerant to the POST applications of imazosulfuron, whereas these caladium cultivars are more susceptible to flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesosulfuron.
Tolerance to Desiccation and Cryopreservation of Seeds of Seven South American Ilex Species
Authors: Dolce Natalia R. , Medina Ricardo D. , González-Arnao María T.
Published: June 2018

This research aimed at evaluating the desiccation tolerance and ability to withstand cryostorage of intact seeds of seven South American Ilex species, and comparing different methodologies for in vitro germination of fresh and cryostored seeds. Intact seeds were silica gel–desiccated from 2 to 14 hours, placed in cryovials, and immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN). Survival was assessed through in vitro germination of intact seeds, bisected seeds, or isolated embryos. Seeds of the seven Ilex species (Ilex brasiliensis (Sprengel) Loes., Ilex brevicuspis R., Ilex dumosa var. dumosa R., Ilex integerrima (Vell. Conc.) R., Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil., Ilex pseudoboxus R., and Ilex theezans R.) tolerated desiccation to ≈6% moisture content (MC) and could be successfully cryopreserved when MC decreased between 6.4% and 8.4% depending on the species, before immersion in LN. In addition, it was established as the optimal condition for in vitro seed germination of the seven Ilex species. A simple and cost-effective cryogenic procedure (which did not require the use of cryoprotectants or sophisticated facilities) was defined for seeds of seven Ilex species, which provides a new alternative for safe long-term preservation of Ilex germplasm.
Effect of Foliar Application of CaCl2 on Lettuce Growth and Calcium Concentrations with Organic and Conventional Fertilization
Authors: Yuan Weiling , Yuan Shangyong , Liu Zhixiong , Chen Leifu , Qiu Zhengming
Published: June 2018

Calcium-rich vegetables in diet could minimize calcium deficiency and maximize good health and well-being. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different levels of foliar application of CaCl2 on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and calcium concentrations with the application of organic and conventional fertilizers. Pot experiments were conducted with three calcium levels (60, 120, and 180 mg·L−1 of CaCl2) of an organic fertilizer (3N–0.8P–3.5K) and commercial conventional fertilizer (15N–15P–15K). Calcium in whole oven-ashed samples of shoots was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Nine lettuce cultivars including butterhead, romaine, and loose-leaf phenotype were tested. These results revealed that the calcium concentration in lettuce significantly increased as calcium levels increased from 60 to 180 mg·L−1. Elevated calcium concentrations in organic and conventional fertilizers increased the concentration of calcium in lettuce from 1.82% at 60 mg·L−1 to a mean of 2.15% at 120 and 180 mg·L−1. The concentration of calcium in the loose-leaf phenotype was 2.17%, 2.47%, and 3.80% higher than that in the butterhead and romaine phenotypes at 60, 120, and 180 mg Ca/L, respectively. Furthermore, the significant difference in calcium concentration among cultivars ranged from 1.27% to 3.05%. ‘Perilla Green’, ‘Breen lettuce’, and ‘Salinas’ had the highest calcium concentrations followed by ‘Jericho lettuce’, ‘Salad Bowl’ and ‘Crisp’, and ‘Kaiser’, whereas ‘Valmaine’ and ‘Rosa Green’ had the lowest calcium concentrations. The present study revealed that selecting fertilizers and cultivars with high calcium concentration can increase the total calcium content of lettuce.
Generating dense packings of hard spheres by soft interaction design
Authors: Maimbourg Thibaud , Sellitto Mauro , Semerjian Guilhem , Zamponi Francesco
Published: June 2018

Packing spheres efficiently in large dimension
dd
is a particularly difficult optimization problem. In this paper we add
an isotropic interaction potential to the pure hard-core repulsion, and
show that one can tune it in order to maximize a lower bound on the
packing density. Our results suggest that exponentially many (in the
number of particles) distinct disordered sphere packings can be
efficiently constructed by this method, up to a packing fraction close
to 7
\, d \, 2^{-d}7d2−d.
The latter is determined by solving the inverse problem of maximizing
the dynamical glass transition over the space of the interaction
potentials. Our method crucially exploits a recent exact formulation of
the thermodynamics and the dynamics of simple liquids in infinite
dimension.
The effect of applying COSO-ERM model on reducing fraudulent financial reporting of commercial banks in Jordan
Authors: Aziz A. Abdul Rahman Abdul , Hel Ajmi Al-Dhaimesh Othman
Published: June 2018

This study aims to test the effect of applying the model of the Committee Sponsoring Organizations for enterprise risk management (COSO-ERM) on reducing fraudulent financial reporting in commercial banks operating in Jordan. Furthermore, the study identifies the role of each board of directors, audit committee, executive management, human resource management, and internal audit as one of the corporate governance mechanisms in enhancing the effectiveness of internal control systems. The study revealed an impact of applying the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations model for enterprise risk management (COSO-ERM) on preventing fraudulent financial reporting, where it reached influence around 77.8% on the dependent variable (fraudulent financial reporting). The study also found that each of internal control, event identification, risk assessment and response, and control activities variables affects dependent variable (fraudulent financial reporting) in commercial banks operating in Jordan.
Improvement of the enterprise economic security management in global environment
Authors: D'yakonova Iryna , Nikitina Alina , Gurvits Natalja
Published: June 2018

The basic features of enterprise economic security management are determined. It is proved that the system of enterprise economic security should be considered from the point of view of the impact on it of a multitude of various threats which ensure this system functioning and entering into contradiction with other elements of the system. An improved approach to the management of enterprise economic security is proposed in the global environment. The necessity of further and deeper study of the flow of such destructive and destabilizing phenomena is substantiated because such threats can cause irreversible consequences and threaten the functioning of the enterprise economic security management. The next stage of the study should be a comprehensive assessment of the interconnection of such destructive and destabilizing phenomena as threats, risks and dangers.
Scientific toxicology societies in Europe
Authors: BABIŃSKA IZABELLA , SZAREK JÓZEF , FELSMANN MARIUSZ Z. , DZIKOWSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: June 2018

With the development of toxicology as a science, the second half of the 20th century saw the establishment of scientific societies, such as the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (SECOTOX), the Federation of European Toxicologists and European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX), the Polish Society of Toxicology, and the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP). This study describes their development, organizational structure and mission. The scope of their interest, in addition to toxicology, also includes ecotoxicology, which protects the natural environment and public health..
DNA methylation in the cancerogenesis process and methods of its detection
Authors: SEMIK-GURGUL EWELINA , ZĄBEK TOMASZ
Published: June 2018

Epigenetic modifications, apart from affecting gene expression, play an important role in the chromatin structure stabilization, embryonic development and the genomic imprinting. Recent studies have shown that they also play a vital role in other biological processes, including silencing of the expression and mobility of transposable elements and resistance to viral infections by blocking the expression of viral genes. The stability of the genome and the expression of genes in normal cells are strongly dependent on the DNA methylation pattern, which is visibly disturbed in tumor cells. These alterations may be a consequence of the attachment of methyl groups to cytosines in unmethylated DNA sequences, resulting in an increase in the degree of methylation or can be a result of demethylation, i.e. a reduction in the level of DNA methylation. Currently, many techniques are available to determine the level of methylcytosine in DNA, both at the level of single genes and the whole genome. However, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, not being universal in relation to the type of research material and the purpose of planned analyses..
Use of microporous hydroxyapatite material in regenerative treatment of periodontal tissues in dogs: a clinical study
Authors: POLKOWSKA IZABELA , ŚLÓSARCZYK ANNA , SOBCZYŃSKA-RAK ALEKSANDRA , GOŁYŃSKA MAGDALENA , SZPONDER TOMASZ , ŻYLIŃSKA BEATA
Published: June 2018

One of the biomaterials used in veterinary dentistry is hydroxyapatite (HAp). It aids the biological process of bone reconstruction and provides the basis on which damaged tissues can be rebuilt. It is also exceptionally osteoconductive and bioactive towards bone and other tissues. The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of hydroxyapatite microporus ceramics for the treatment of periodontal diseases and post-extraction defects. The study was performed on 40 dogs. Dogs were qualified for the in vivo test: 2 study groups and 2 control groups (K1, K2) were created. Group G1 comprised 10 dogs diagnosed with periodontitis with 4-8 mm gingival pockets and mobility of mandibular/maxillary incisors. In order to avoid extraction, hydroxyapatite implantation into the bone pockets was performed. Group G2 comprised 10 dogs that required the extraction of maxillary canines, following which biomaterial was introduced into the post-extraction cavities. Control groups were performed without using of microporous hydroxyapatite. In group G1, animals displayed significant shallowing of gingival pockets. The mean depth of pockets was significantly reduced in those dogs and considerably better reconstruction of periodontal tissues was observed when compared to the control group K1. In group G2, significantly faster healing of bone cavities was stated when compared to the respective control group K2. The study confirmed the validity of using microporous hydroxyapatite granules and shaped blocks in reconstructive periodontal treatment as well as prevention of oronasal fistulas after canines extraction and facilitation of the post-extraction healing process..
Vitamin and mineral status in school children and adolescents
Authors: Bakhtigareeva Gulshat Ilshatovna
Published: June 2018

This article is devoted to the study of the vitamin and mineral status in the 11th grade school students and university students of the Surgut State University. On the basis of analysis of the survey data, the characteristics of the nutritional status in the groups studied and their link with the lifestyle were revealed, and the corresponding recommendations were formulated.
Potato production effectiveness in Russia
Authors: Patshina Marina Valerievna
Published: June 2018

Economic efficiency of potato production is one of its most important characteristics is said in the article. The author is sure that growing tubers of high quality on the basis of modern technology is a fundamental factor in achieving maximum profit. This is achievable with consistently high yields and production volumes necessary for the early payback of technical means used in production.
The machine for trashing flaps of mung bean
Authors: Otahanov Bakhrom Sadirdinovich , Kirgizov Husniddin Turgunbaevich , Ashurbekov Zhasrbek Komil ugli , Mamazhonov Ehlyorzhon Hamidzhon ugli
Published: June 2018

The article concerns the issues of trashing flaps of mung bean, technology of harvesting, the construction, producing thrashing of the flaps is proposed. Existing three methods of threshing mach culture are presented and analyzed as well as ways of thrashing are described. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods are overseen. According to the patent study the most appropriate device for thrashing of this culture is pointed out. According to studied properties and characteristics of the leaves and mung beans, a new method of threshing  mung bean flaps based on the features of this culture is proposed.
Determination of the thickness of the beater blade when interacting with the rods of top-removing conveyor
Authors: Otahanov Bakhrom Sadirdinovich , Pajziev Gaybulla Kadirovich , Fajziev Shukurullo Gaybulla ugli , Toshpulatov Botirjon Baxodir ugli
Published: June 2018

The paper considers the question of determining the thickness of the beater blade when interacting with the rods of a top-removing conveyor and the conclusion about the expediency of applying a new working organ for separating potato tubers from the tops.
Typology of female images in the novels of I.S. Turgenev
Authors: Sosina Galina Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2018

An attempt to specify the typology of female images in the novels of I.S. Turgenev is made in the article. Three main variations are revealed: "Turgenev`s girl", possessing high spirituality, purity, strength of character; "infernal woman," having something magic, correlated in the works of the writer with the motive of love-power; a woman-mother, in which, on the one hand, the features of the lady mistress of the aristocratic estate, hungry for adoration, worship, which carries a shade of falsehood, are pointed out, and on the other hand, the mother of the family, giving her relatives warmth and love. However, all female images are described with psychological realness and depth.
Applique work as a mean of creative abilities development of older preschool age
Authors: Kramarenko Nataliia Nikolaevna
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the development of creative abilities of senior pre-school age children. The author uses as a method of development of creative abilities of senior pre-school age children to promote development of the emotional responsiveness, imagination, neatness and diligence forming among children.
Autophagy: A Promising Target for Age-related Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Tiantian , He Hongchen , Liu Shaxin , Jia Chengsen , Fan Ziyan , Zhong Can , Yu Jiadan , Liu Honghong , He Chengqi
Published: June 2018

Autophagy is a process the primary role of which is to clear up damaged cellular components
such as long-lived proteins and organelles, thus participating in the conservation of different
cells. Osteoporosis associated with aging is characterized by consistent changes in bone metabolism
with suppression of bone formation as well as increased bone resorption. In advanced age, not only
bone mass but also bone strength decrease in both sexes, resulting in an increased incidence of fractures.
Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related bone loss is associated with many factors
such as accumulation of autophagy, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, sex hormone deficiency,
and high levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. Available basic and clinical studies indicate
that age-associated factors can regulate autophagy. Those factors play important roles in bone remodeling
and contribute to decreased bone mass and bone strength with aging. In this review, we summarize
the mechanisms involved in bone metabolism related to aging and autophagy, supplying a theory
for therapeutic targets to rescue bone mass and bone strength in older people.
PCR Amplification Strategies Towards Full-length HIV-1 Genome Sequencing
Authors: Liu Chao Chun , Ji Hezhao
Published: June 2018

The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled greater resolution of viral diversity
and improved feasibility of full viral genome sequencing allowing routine HIV-1 full genome sequencing
in both research and diagnostic settings. Regardless of the sequencing platform selected,
successful PCR amplification of the HIV-1 genome is essential for sequencing template preparation.
As such, full HIV-1 genome amplification is a crucial step in dictating the successful and reliable
sequencing downstream. Here we reviewed existing PCR protocols leading to HIV-1 full genome
sequencing. In addition to the discussion on basic considerations on relevant PCR design, the advantages
as well as the pitfalls of the published protocols were reviewed.
Nosocomial Neonatal Meningitis with Acinetobacter Baumannii on Myelomeningocele: A Real Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Fouad Adil , Bennaoui Fatiha , Slitine Nadia El Idrissi , Soraa Nabila , Maoulainine FMR
Published: June 2018

Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis is a hospital-acquired infection, the treatment of which constitutes a real therapeutic challenge. In this article, together with a review of the literature, we report two cases of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii neonatal meningitis following ruptured myelomeningocele, treated with intravenous colistin with favorable results. In recent years, Acinetobacter baumannii has become a more and more commonly described pathogen in hospital-acquired infections. However, the cases of meningitis are mainly postoperative and are still not quite frequently described in the literature. Colistin appears to be preferably administered intravenously at a dose of 100.000 IU/kg/day.
Perishable Industries from Nan Ranch Ruin, New Mexico: A Unique Window into Mimbreño Fiber Technology
Authors: Adovasio J. M. , Hyland D. C. , Andrews Rhonda L.
Published: June 2018

Although the ceramic repertoire of the Mimbres has been extensively studied, illustrated, and published for over a century, Mimbreño perishables technology is poorly known. Detailed analysis of the small but highly informative plant-fiber artifact assemblage from NAN Ranch, New Mexico, permits the first characterization of Mimbres perishables production and use while affording the opportunity to establish the general outlines and salient events of the evolution of Mogollon perishables production. This developmental sequence is rooted in a local Archaic base of venerable antiquity but is strongly influenced by the introduction of “new” techniques and forms from northern Mexico at a time coextensive with the spread of agriculture into this portion of the greater American Southwest.
The Design of Arctic Small Tool Tradition Toolkits: An Example from Matcharak Lake, Alaska
Authors: Tremayne Andrew H.
Published: June 2018

This article presents the results of an analysis of stone tools and debitage from a 3600–4000 cal BP Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) component at Matcharak Lake (AMR-186), located in the Alaskan Brooks Range. The goal of this study is to understand how ASTt technology is organized at a caribou hunting camp located far from a high quality toolstone source, and to use this information to evaluate ASTt mobility and settlement patterns in northern Alaska. Reconstructions of the stone-tool reduction sequences demonstrate that ASTt people made use of blade and biface technologies, but they primarily transported small finished tools and biface cores to produce large flakes for tool blanks and microblade cores. The stone-tool assemblage recovered from at Matcharak Lake is one designed to maximize utility, transportability, and relatively rapid production, which is an adaptive feature of a culture that has high residential mobility in an environment with limited access to raw material sources and an economy specialized on caribou.
Bridging Social Anthropology and Industrial Archaeology at a Georgia Grist Mill
Authors: Cowie Sarah E.
Published: June 2018

The Eelbeck Mill Complex and Community is a complicated archaeological site with numerous industrial and domestic features from the 1820s to the 1940s. Excavations, historic research, and oral history proved to be substantial and complimentary sources of information for discovering and understanding the industrial features at Eelbeck and as well as their roles in social relationships within the community. Using theory from science, technology, and society (STS) studies, actor-network theory (ANT), and the concept of vernacular engineering, this case study illustrates the interconnectedness of industry and daily life and argues that industrial sites cannot be explicitly separated from domestic sites in archaeological analyses of technical-social systems.
Desired Features of a Digital Technology Tool for Self-Management of Well-Being in a Nonclinical Sample of Young People: Qualitative Study
Authors: Babbage Camilla , Jackson Georgina Margaret , Nixon Elena
Published: June 2018

Background

Adaptive coping behaviors can improve well-being for young people experiencing life stressors, while maladaptive coping can increase vulnerability to mental health problems in youth and into adulthood. Young people could potentially benefit from the use of digital technology tools to enhance their coping skills and overcome barriers in help-seeking behaviors. However, little is known about the desired digital technology use for self-management of well-being among young people in the general population.

Objective

This is a small, qualitative study aimed at exploring what young people desire from digital technology tools for the self-management of their well-being.

Methods

Young people aged 12-18 years were recruited from the general community to take part in semistructured interviews. Recorded data from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

In total, 14 participants were recruited and completed the study, with a mean age of 14.6 years (female n=3). None of the participants reported using any digital tools specifically designed to manage well-being. However, as indicated through the emerged themes, young people used digital technology to reduce their stress levels and manage their mood, mainly through games, music, and videos. Overall, identified themes showed that young people were keen on using such tools and desired certain facets and features of an ideal tool for self-management of well-being. Themes related to these facets indicated what young people felt a tool should do to improve well-being, including being immersed in a stress-free environment, being uplifting, and that such a tool would direct them to resources based on their needs. The feature-based themes suggested that young people wanted the tool to be flexible and enable engagement with others while also being sensitive to privacy.

Conclusions

The young people interviewed in this study did not report engaging with digital technology specialized to improving well-being but instead used media already accessed in their daily lives in order to self-manage their psychological states. As a result, the variety of coping strategies reported and digital tools used was limited to the resources that were already being used for recreational and social purposes. These findings contribute to the scarce research into young people’s preferred use of digital technology tools for the self-management of their well-being. However, this was a small-scale study and the current participant sample is not representative of the general youth population. Therefore, the results are only tentative and warrant further investigation.
Prediction of Postoperative Complication of Pediatric Cataracts Patients using Data Mining Methods (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Xiyang , Jiang Jiwei , Long Erping , Li Wangting , Wang Shuai , Liu Lin , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhou Xiaojing , Wu Xiaohang , Wang Liming , Lin Haotian
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

As a severe eye disease, pediatric cataracts threatens the visual development of children. The common treatment is replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial substitute via operation. However, patients may still suffer complications of visual deterioration within one year after surgery. Worse still, factors causing these complications are still unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This research adopts medical records from 321 patients as research material. We aim to apply data mining methods to predict postoperative complications of pediatric cataracts patients and explore which factors are related to these complications.

METHODS

First, we use random forest and naïve Bayesian classifier to predict the level of complication based on k-modes clustering towards the imbalanced datasets. Furthermore, genetic feature selection is exploited to find real features related to complications. In addition, apriori algorithm is employed to find the association rules whose consequent is complication to offer references for doctors. Finally, the relationship between the classification performance and the number of random forest tree is studied.

RESULTS

Average classification accuracies obtained in three binary classification problems (whether a patient suffers from complications, the first and second type of complication) are over 91%. Experimental results show that secondary IOL placement, operation mode, laterality, age at surgery, area of cataracts, density of cataracts, position of cataracts, nystagmus, microphthalmia, microcornea and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous（PHPV）are related to complications. Except for the gender, operation mode and laterality, other attributes are related to the first type of complication. Except for the operation mode, laterality and PHPV attribute; other attributes are related to the second type of complication.

CONCLUSIONS

All experimental results shows the postoperative complication of pediatric cataracts patients can be predicted with the information of patients. Then the factors that are related to the complications are found. Finally, the association rules that is about the complications can provide reference to doctors.
Nurses� Experience With Health Information Technology: Longitudinal Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zadvinskis Inga M , Garvey Smith Jessica , Yen Po-Yin
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Nurses are the largest group of health information technology (HIT) users. As such, nurses’ adaptations are critical for HIT implementation success. However, longitudinal approaches to understanding nurses’ perceptions of HIT remain underexplored. Previous studies of nurses’ perceptions demonstrate that the progress and timing for acceptance of and adaptation to HIT varies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore nurses’ experience regarding implementation of HIT over time.

METHODS

A phenomenological approach was used for this longitudinal qualitative study to explore nurses’ perceptions of HIT implementation over time, focusing on three time points (rounds) at 3, 9, and 18 months after implementation of electronic health records and bar code medication administration. The purposive sample was comprised of clinical nurses who worked on a medical-surgical unit in an academic center.

RESULTS

Major findings were categorized into 7 main themes with 54 subthemes. Nurses reported personal-level and organizational-level factors that facilitated HIT adaptation. We also generated network graphs to illustrate the occurrence of themes. Thematic interconnectivity differed due to nurses’ concerns and satisfaction at different time points. Equipment and workflow were the most frequent themes across all three rounds. Nurses were the most dissatisfied approximately 9 months after HIT implementation. Eighteen months after HIT implementation, nurses’ perceptions appeared more balanced.

CONCLUSIONS

It is recommended that organizations invest in equipment (ie, wireless barcode scanners), refine policies to reflect nursing practice, and improve systems to focus on patient safety. Future research is necessary to confirm patterns of nurses’ adaptation to HIT in other samples.
Evaluation of a mobile social networking application for improving diabetes Type 2 knowledge: an intervention study using WhatsApp
Authors: Alanzi Turki , Bah Sulaiman , Alzahrani Sara , Alshammari Sirah , Almunsef Fatima
Published: June 2018

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the WhatsApp social networking application for improving knowledge, self-efficacy and awareness about diabetes management.
Methodology:
The study was conducted with intervention and control groups at Teaching Hospital in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The intervention group received weekly educational messages using WhatsApp, while the control group received regular care.
Results:
Statistically, compared with the control group, the diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy of the intervention group increased significantly after the intervention with the WhatsApp application.
Conclusion:
The WhatsApp application can be effectively used for enhancing diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and awareness among the Saudi population.
A learning philosophy assignment positively impacts student learning outcomes
Authors: Haave Neil C. , Keus Kelly , Simpson Tonya
Published: June 2018

Engaging students in metacognition can improve their learning outcomes. Students’ consideration of their learning philosophy is one way for students to be metacognitive about their learning. This study analyzed the effect of a learning philosophy assignment on students’ intellectual development and mastery of first-year biology and second-year biochemistry course content. All students were invited to complete the Learning Environment Preferences (LEP) survey at the beginning and end of the term to determine if students’ cognitive complexity was impacted by the assignment. The ability to master course content was assessed by comparing students’ midterm and final exam marks. We found that the learning philosophy assignment rescued Bachelor of Science students in the first-year biology course from a decrease in cognitive complexity. Additionally, the guided metacognition rescued second-year biochemistry students from performing poorer on the final relative to the midterm exam and promoted an increase in their cognitive complexity. These results suggest that a learning philosophy assignment may be an effective way of engaging students’ in metacognition of their learning to promote their intellectual development and mastery of course material.