bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of subsidence risk associated with aquifer storage and recovery in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System, Houston, Texas, USA
Authors: Kelley Van , Turco Michael , Deeds Neil , Petersen Christina , Canonico Chris
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the Houston, Texas region, groundwater use is
regulated by the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (District) because of
historical regional subsidence from groundwater development. The District
regulates groundwater production in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System
(CLAS) to mitigate subsidence through the implementation of District
Groundwater Regulatory Plan. The District has successfully reduced
groundwater pumping as a percent of demand regionally while controlling
subsidence through the implementation of alternative water supplies. Aquifer
Storage and Recovery (ASR) is an alternative water supply strategy that
provides a means to store water underground and increase water supply more
cost effectively than traditional storage expansion strategies. Groundwater
users in the District are interested in the many potential benefits of ASR
as a water supply strategy. Little is known about the potential effects on
compaction and land surface subsidence resulting from ASR operations.
Recognizing this, the District funded research on the potential subsidence
risk associated with ASR. Two hypothetical, though representative, ASR
projects were developed and analysed: (1) an industrial ASR project meant to
provide water supply during a drought of record (DOR), and (2) a municipal
ASR project designed to provide an annual municipal summer peaking water
supply. Simulations of groundwater hydraulics and subsidence were performed
at three potential locations within the CLAS to provide insight into
variability associated with location and aquifer depth. Theoretical
simulations confirmed the potential for subsidence associated with the
application of ASR in the CLAS, although operating an ASR for summer peaking
needs has less potential risk of subsidence than the DOR scenario in the
scenarios simulated. The study simulations provide insight into how an ASR
project may be designed and operated to minimize compaction and potential
subsidence. Based on this study, ASR operated to address summer peaking
showed the greatest potential to reduce additional compaction verses
sourcing all water from groundwater. This theoretical study provides a basis
for future research on subsidence associated with ASR and provides a
framework for consideration for the regulation of ASR within the District.
On the uncertainties of monitoring subsidence from small sources: Dutch mining regulation on subsidence monitoring and its role in communication and accountability
Authors: Schouten Mathijs W. , de Waal Johannes A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Mining induced subsidence in the Netherlands is often
associated with small gas fields (less than 5 km diameter), or discrete
sources (converging salt caverns). As most of the areas experiencing this
subsidence are close to sea level, and the effects of gas exploitation in
Groningen may be considered a national trauma, there is strong emphasis on
control and regulation of the related mining activities and their effects at
the surface. The relatively small subsidence (often less than 10 cm),
combined with inherent prediction uncertainty involving geological
parameters, introduces a monitoring challenge to both mining companies and
the regulator. A large initial uncertainty can be reduced during production
by a carefully designed monitoring strategy, including evaluation of the
results and clear communication on the effects on the uncertainty of the
prognosis. In the same process, one may quantify remaining uncertainties and
the limitations on predictability. In this contribution, we discuss the
nature of some specific uncertainties associated with small source
subsidence, and the effects on the regulatory process. The description is
based on a realistic assessment of the expected accuracy of subsidence
predictions. This allows for a clean comparison between different
measurement techniques, and may help prevent overly optimistic claims on
predictability. A description of uncertainty in terms of scenarios and
parameter sensitivity studies should be used in communicating the expected
level of subsidence control to water management boards and the general
public.
Determination of amount of land subsidence based on INSAR and LiDAR monitoring for a dike strengthening project
Authors: de Koning Michel , Haasnoot Jacco K. , van Buuren Rob R. , Weijland Marco , Bisschop Cor
Published: April 2020

Abstract. For the dike strengthening project Krachtige IJsseldijken
Krimpenerwaard (KIJK) a study has been undertaken to optimize the amount of
land subsidence. Based on archive information originally a subsidence rate
of 11 mm yr−1
is used in the design calculations. This means that for a
50-year period an additional 0.55 m must be considered which does not comply
with the macro-stability problems of the dike. Based on INSAR and LiDAR
measurement data and reanalysing the archive data, the rate of subsidence is
determined at an average of 8 mm yr−1. This could mean a reduction of 27 %
on the amount of soil needed to balance subsidence.
A social costs and benefits analysis of peat soil-subsidence towards 2100 in 4 scenarios
Authors: Pelsma Tim A. H. M. , Motelica-Wagenaar Anne Marieke , Troost Simon
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Waternet is the executive agency of the regional water
authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht. Water authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht
manages the water levels (ditches) for 19 400 ha of peat meadows
around the Netherlands capital Amsterdam. At present the ditches levels at
about 40–60 cm beneath the peat meadow surface, resulting in a groundwater
level between from 30 until 80 cm below peat surface and a subsidence of
about 9 mm each year. A study was carried out on peat soil subsidence in the
Amstel, Gooi and Vecht water authority water management area towards 2100:
for short term effects (until 2027), midterm effects (until 2050) and longer
term effects (until 2100). This study explores 4 scenarios: (1) present
policy (maintain ditch waterlevel at maximum 60 cm below surface); (2) active
rewetting, groundwater level at surface; (3) passive rewetting, subsidence is
not compensated by lowering of water levels; (4) subsurface irrigation by
submerged drains (infiltration in summer, drainage in winter). The scenarios
are compared on farming, houses, public infrastructure, greenhouse gases and
water management. At present, the total net benefit for farmers are EUR 7 million per year
for the whole area, while the costs for the water authority are EUR 37 million
per year for managing ditches, dikes and pumps. Costs for greenhouse
gases are EUR 18 million (at a price of EUR 40 per ton CO2-eq). Active
rewetting would reduce soil subsidence maximally from 2 to 0.5 m
towards 2100 but reduces the benefits for farming, whilst the costs for
water management stay alike. The costs for greenhouse gases however drops
with EUR 3 million per year immediately because CO2-eq emissions
drops. Best (financial) results (with respect to all stakeholders) on the
long term are booked by passive rewetting with lower costs for water
management, houses, public works and greenhouse gases. This scenario will
eventually take away the farming possibilities, but not before 2050 and
could be too slow to contribute strongly to Paris agreement goals. Best
result with respect to climate for short and long term is active rewetting,
which will drop the greenhouse gas emissions strongly (equivalent of EUR 2.3 million per year), reduce soil subsidence, but makes farming harder (drop
from 7.1 up to EUR 2.5 million per year benefit) and brings no direct reduction
of costs for the water authority. Best result on short term for farmers is
submerged infiltration drains. However, the effect of this scenario on GHG
emission is limited in this study.
Research on solute transport characteristics in the process of artificial recharge to control land subsidence in deep confined aquifer
Authors: Wu Jianzhong , Yan Xuexin , Yang Tianliang , Huang Xinlei
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Since 1960s, Artificial Recharge has been adopted to control the geological
disaster of land subsidence in Shanghai. The water source to recharge to the
confined aquifer meet the Standard for Drinking Water Quality which comes
from the Huangpu River or Yangtze River. Thinking the difference between the
primary environment of deep confined aquifer and the surface water, the
recharge will exert an impact on the quality of groundwater in the deep
confined aquifer, as well as to obtain satisfactory effects of land
subsidence prevention.This paper focused on the change rules of the elements
such as Cl based on long term tracking and monitoring data from one
artificial recharge testing field. And research the solute transport
characteristics in deep confined aquifer during artificial recharge. On the
bases of these analysis, this paper presented the degree and scope of
influence to deep confined aquifer in the process of artificial recharge.
Subsidence prediction of reinforced soil layer by geosynthetic using large-scale 1g physical model
Authors: Al Heib Marwan , Hassoun Mouhamad , Villard Pascal , Emeriault Fabrice , Farhat Abbas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Subsidence can result from the collapse of underground cavities. The impact of the movements on existing structures and infrastructures is generally dramatic. Geosynthetic sheets (RG) can be used to reduce their impact. This paper focuses on the use of large-scale physical modelling to study the subsidence mechanisms and to estimate the RG efficiency for cohesive or granular soil layers. The results have shown that the RG reduced the ground movement even under important overload. The deformation of the RG and the surface settlement depend both on the soil type and overload intensity. The experimental results are compared to analytical solutions proposed to design the RG for cohesive and granular soils. Stress distribution on the RG was investigated. The analytical and experimental results are rather similar, that shows the relevance of the analytical models to predict the behaviour of reinforced soil layers.
Can we elevate the subsiding coastal plain of the Netherlands with controlled sedimentation?
Authors: Koster Kay , Stafleu Jan , Vos Peter C. , van der Meulen Michiel J.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Half the surface area of the coastal plain of the
Netherlands has been subsiding below mean sea-level as a result of peatland
drainage. At present, the low elevation is sustained, because sedimentation
necessary to aggrade the coastal plain back to natural elevations is
hampered by engineering structures. Alternatively, controlled sedimentation
is a discussed method to elevate the coastal plain. This can either be
achieved by allowing water courses to deliver sediments to designated areas,
or by anthropogenic deposition. Here, we assess the possibilities of this strategy by determining whether
natural systems or anthropogenic deposition are sufficient to elevate the
surface to mean high water (MHW), taking into account IPCC projected minimum
and maximum forecasted sea-level rise (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), and predicted
future subsidence. We use the 3D geological subsurface model GeoTOP to
quantify sediments; i.e. clay and sand that were naturally delivered to the
coastal plain by series of tidal inlets and the Rhine river system.
Furthermore, we quantify the amount of anthropogenic deposition, and analyze
documented supplies. Finally, we discuss the implications of controlled
sedimentation in designated areas by providing examples of past embankment
breaches. We quantify that 16.98 km3 of sediments are required to elevate the
surface to MHW, and between 22.41 and 29.29 km3 at the end of the
21st century. We estimate that 45.30 km3 of sediments were
delivered by the tidal systems during 3000 years (52 % sand), 20.18 km3 by the Rhine river system during 8000 years (29 % sand), and
3.59 km3 of anthropogenic deposition. We conclude that the coastal plain of the Netherlands cannot be elevated to
more safe levels with controlled sedimentation. Exceptions are areas
proximal to tidal systems with high sediment yields. Anthropogenic
deposition, combining natural sedimentation with supplied sediments, or
allowing peat growth in inundated areas could be viable alternatives as well
as.
The application of land subsidence control technologies caused by deep foundation pit dewatering
Authors: Liu Jinbao
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In order to analyze land subsidence caused by the dewatering of a deep
foundation pit in Shanghai, numerical analysis, field testing, automatic
monitoring and other technologies are applied to research land subsidence
control technologies, covering the whole process during the design, construction and operation of foundation pit dewatering systems. The key technologies are applied
to a typical metro station foundation pit in Shanghai, such as the
integrated design of foundation pit dewatering and a waterproof curtain,
information control, groundwater artificial recharge, etc. The measured data
of groundwater level, pore water pressure and land subsidence show a good
effect on land subsidence prevention and control.
Pilot test of study on brine injection into shallow formation for mitigating land subsidence in the Southern Kanto Gas Field in Japan
Authors: Muraoka Noriyuki , Hayashi Yuji , Nakamura Katsuhiro , Yamaguchi Toshiaki , Ono Kazunori , Kuroshima Shota , Kurihara Akira , Ono Nobuhiro , Nakagawa Tsutomu
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the Southern Kanto Gas Field, natural gas dissolved in water
has been produced for over 80 years. In order to produce the natural gas
dissolved in water, formation water must be pumped from a reservoir in the
gas field. The production of formation water is considered to be one of the
causes of land subsidence. Because brine injection into shallow formations is expected to be effective
to mitigate land subsidence, our association is planning to conduct the
pilot test study. In this test, the production and injection of brine are going
to be performed, and we will observe a deformation of the shallow formation and a change of ground level and the bottom hole pressure. As a result of these
tests, if the land subsidence mitigation effect by injection into shallow
formation is confirmed, it is expected that it will be connected to
increased production and to reservoir management in consideration of land
subsidence mitigation in the future.
Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia
Authors: Magee Craig , Jackson Christopher Aiden-Lee
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Dyke swarms are common on Earth and other planetary
bodies, comprising arrays of dykes that can extend laterally for tens to
thousands of kilometres. The vast extent of such dyke swarms, and their
presumed rapid emplacement, means they can significantly influence a variety
of planetary processes, including continental break-up, crustal extension,
resource accumulation, and volcanism. Determining the mechanisms driving
dyke swarm emplacement is thus critical to a range of Earth Science
disciplines. However, unravelling dyke swarm emplacement mechanics relies on
constraining their 3D structure, which is difficult given we typically
cannot access their subsurface geometry at a sufficiently high enough
resolution. Here we use high-quality seismic reflection data to identify and
examine the 3D geometry of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, and
associated structures (i.e. dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters).
Dykes are expressed in our seismic reflection data as ∼335–68 m wide, vertical zones of disruption (VZD), in which stratal
reflections are dimmed and/or deflected from sub-horizontal. Borehole data
reveal one ∼130 m wide VZD corresponds to an ∼18 m thick, mafic dyke, highlighting that the true geometry of the inferred
dykes may not be fully captured by their seismic expression. The Late
Jurassic dyke swarm is located on the Gascoyne Margin, offshore NW Australia,
and contains numerous dykes that extend laterally for > 170 km,
potentially up to > 500 km, with spacings typically < 10
km. Although limitations in data quality and resolution restrict mapping of
the dykes at depth, our data show that they likely have heights of at least
3.5 km. The mapped dykes are distributed radially across a
∼39∘ wide arc centred on the Cuvier Margin; we
infer that this focal area marks the source of the dyke swarm. We demonstrate
that seismic reflection data provide unique opportunities to map and quantify
dyke swarms in 3D. Because of this, we can now (i) recognise dyke swarms
across continental margins worldwide and incorporate them into models of
basin evolution and fluid flow, (ii) test previous models and hypotheses
concerning the 3D structure of dyke swarms, (iii) reveal how dyke-induced
normal faults and pit craters relate to dyking, and (iv) unravel how dyking
translates into surface deformation.
O resgate da categoria ideologia em györgy lukács em fomento à reivindicação práxica das teorias críticas da educação
Authors: Maia Júlio César Apolinário
Published: April 2020

Da necessidade de se ater ao caminho traçado pelas teorias críticas da educação, ao valerem-se das ideias propostas por uma série de teóricos estudiosos do pensamento de Marx, pode ser apreendida a objetivação do presente estudo. Para tanto busca tornar evidente, a partir da concepção de escola conjecturada por este teórico, a singularidade concebida à exposição da categoria ideologia, alvo de aprofundamento por grande parte de seus sucessores, como é o caso de Lukács, mote do presente arrazoado. O húngaro avança no sentido de conceber reconhecimento à ideologia enquanto campo fértil ao desenvolvimento dos interesses sociais coletivos, comuns e universais. O esforço de síntese do estudo enfatiza como se torna possível, a partir do avanço propiciado por Lukács para com a categoria ideologia, não limitá-la tão somente à ação teleológica laborativa, mas avançar a partir da dupla possibilidade calcada no âmbito da ação teleológica extra-laborativa. Conclui, por conseguinte, trazendo à tona a ideia de que a partir do sentido extra-laborativo a ação teleológica pode ser compreendida enquanto princípio educativo. Desta forma, ao pressupor a negação de uma ideologia hegemônica, tanto no que concerne a realidade material, quanto no campo da consciência, conjectura-se sua substituição por outra atinente à transformação da realidade material.
Análise de um produto educacional a serviço do professor
Authors: Da Silva Cleber Cezar , Gonçalves Rosimeire
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar um produto educacional, elaborado por nós pesquisadores, com a finalidade de auxiliar professores de História da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, no planejamento de suas aulas. Visto que, a falta de um livro didático ou até mesmo materiais de ordem pedagógicas mais acessíveis acabam dificultando o desempenho do profissional nesta modalidade de ensino. A metodologia a que submete este estudo se caracteriza em um estudo de caso e revisão bibliográfica, numa abordagem qualitativa.  É notório, no espaço escolar, o hábito arraigado entre os professores, no ato do planejamento e elaboração de programas de estudo utilizarem-se da cronologia tradicional, tendo preocupação demasiada com aspecto conteudista. Nessa perspectiva, priorizamos a construção de um blog junto a disciplina de história, pois ensinar história constitui-se em um desafio para professores, considerando sua abrangência e complexidade.
Contribuições da neuropsicopedagogia no processo de envelhecimento: prevenção do declínio cognitivo e melhoria de qualidade de vida
Authors: De Oliveira Simone , Santos Anderson Alves
Published: April 2020

A sociedade contemporânea trouxe mudanças importantes na forma de pensar, relacionar-se no mundo e principalmente na busca incessante por melhoria na qualidade de vida. O processo de envelhecimento é discutido com afinco e muitos estudiosos se debruçam para que as pessoas cheguem numa idade mais avançada em melhores condições, tanto física quanto mentalmente. Neste contexto, este projeto pretende realizar um estudo de revisão bibliográfica sobre a prevenção do declínio cognitivo e a importância da Neuropsicopedagogia que, com ferramentas específicas, pode auxiliar o processo de envelhecimento saudável, minimizando os impactos inerentes a chegada da idade. A metodologia envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica, descritiva e documental, baseando-se em Gil, Godoy, Prodanov e Freitas. Os resultados demonstram que ocorreram poucas publicações em 2018/2019, em revistas de Psicologia, a respeito de ações que busquem a melhor qualidade de vida e que atuem na prevenção do declínio cognitivo do processo de envelhecimento.
Perspectivas docentes na educação de alunos surdos
Authors: Silva Sabrina Teixeira de Sousa , Cardoso Ruth Helly Ferreira , Brito Maria Durciane Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Visando promover uma Educação Inclusiva para alunos surdos é necessária uma reflexão sobre as perspectivas docentes, em busca de professores inclusivos, que estejam preparados para atender tais alunos, assim possibilitando a inserção e a permanência dos mesmos no âmbito escolar. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas de professores, da rede estadual de regular de ensino, na inclusão de alunos surdos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com três professoras graduandas de Licenciatura em Química. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi aplicado questionário aberto a respeito das perspectivas docentes a diante da educação de tais alunos, sendo a pesquisa baseada em uma abordagem qualitativa. Como resultados, as professoras mostraram que estavam embasadas sobre o que se foi abordado, diferenciando alunos surdos de alunos que possuem deficiência auditiva, relatando as metodologias utilizadas para o repasse do conhecimento, além de citar dificuldades e propor melhorias para uma educação mais efetiva.
Palavras-chave: Perspectivas docentes; Alunos surdos; Educação Inclusiva.
To Your Seed I Will Give … : The Land(s) Promised to Abraham in Genesis and Second Temple Judaism
Authors: Stark J. David
Published: April 2020

The land promise to Abraham begins modestly near Shechem. In most sources, the promise crystallizes around the land of Canaan. However, Genesis’s own narrative shows the outward reverberations of Yahweh’s word to Abraham about landed inheritance. When one considers Second Temple Judaism, including the early Jesus movement, one finds other sources that expand the promise still further. In particular, Ben Sira, Jubilees, Philo, and Paul find in the promise to Abraham of landed inheritance a claim for this promise to encompass the whole world.
Reading Psalm 46 in Its Canonical Context: An Initial Exploration in Harmonies Consonant and Dissonant
Authors: Firth David G.
Published: April 2020

The recent shift to reading Psalms canonically has left many issues unresolved. Rather than seeing an underlying narrative, this article proposes a musical analogy in which different psalms harmonize in various ways with one another. This is explored through an examination of Ps 46 within the first collection of the Psalms of the Sons of Korah (Pss 42–49), noting ways in which details in the individual psalm titles and the content of these psalms interact with one another, resulting in a particular level of prominence being given to Ps 46 within this collection. As an initial exploration, the wider implications of a canonical reading are not pursued, but some suggestions are made for how this would be developed.
Vulnerable Bodies and Volunteer Slaves: Slave Parable Violence in the Rest of Matthew
Authors: Neufeld Edmund
Published: April 2020

This article works against an assumed disconnect between the slavery of the parables of Jesus in Matthew and the rest of Jesus’s teaching in Matthew. It takes as a given the position of recent research in these matters, that Roman slavery was often brutal against slaves’ bodies and that slave punishment in these parables corresponds to Roman slavery. This article argues mainly that, in this Gospel, everyone suffers violence against their bodies. The unrighteous endure God’s eschatological judgment on their bodies, the righteous endure bodily persecution, and Jesus himself endures bodily persecution, culminating in a slave’s execution. Thus, the harsh treatment of bodies in the parables coheres with Jesus’s other teaching. This article defends two secondary points. First, in a limited but real sense, the disciples and Jesus himself live as volunteer slaves. Second, although Jesus in Matthew does not openly condemn slavery, this Gospel nonetheless implicitly condemns all human attack against another’s body.
Undamning Domitian? Reassessing the Last Flavian princeps: Introduction
Authors: Augoustakis Antony , Buckley Emma , Stocks Claire
Published: April 2020

This introductory chapter contextualizes the contributions of the various articles and their interdiscursive approach in combining material culture and literary evidence. It offers an overview of the difficulties of parsing a hostile historiographical tradition on the emperor Domitian, and the ideological as well as chronological fault-lines created by authors who very often straddled the Flavian and post-Flavian periods, turning from enthusiastic support of the emperor to damning critique; the particular challenges to the material evidence posed by Domitian’s damnatio, and the physical as well as literary forms of oblivion that “erased” the last Flavian emperor; the gaps, absences, revisions, and overwritings that complicate accurate understanding of Domitian’s character, achievements, and historical record.
TheSodales Flauiales Titiales, theFlamen Dialis, and the Propaganda of Domitian
Authors: de Vera Diego Mateo Escámez
Published: April 2020

I analyze the literary and iconographic sources of the Domitianic period in order to propose the co-ordination of the sodales Flaviales Titiales by the flamen Dialis during the rule of the last of the Flavians. The ideological relevance of Jupiter in Domitian’s propaganda is such that it influences the development of the imperial cult under his rule to the point of the fusion of the dynastic and divine discourses of legitimization, leaving iconographical evidence in the decoration of both the Templum Diui Vespasiani and the Templum Gentis Flauiae.
Domitian, Literary Restriction, and the Poetics of Catasterism and Divinity in Statius’s Silvae 1.1 and 1.2
Authors: Tang Henry
Published: April 2020

This paper questions the post-Flavian reception of Domitian by exploring the imagery of catasterism in the Silvae’s first two poems. 1.1 solemnly celebrates Domitian’s colossal equestrian statue by overlapping imagery of catasterism with apotheosis. This is typical for imperial panegyric, but also key to Domitian’s divine self-portrayal. The tone becomes playful in 1.2, which celebrates the nuptials of the book’s patron, suggestively named Stella. I suggest that the contrastive effect deflates the grandeur of apotheosis, which risks offending the emperor. Domitian’s lack of punitive response, however, indicates that he was not as stringent with literary censorship as posterity has suggested.
Domitianus Germanicus: Tacitus’sGermaniaand the Memory of Domitian
Authors: Andrews Graham
Published: April 2020

For over fifteen years before the production of Tacitus’s Germania, the title Germanicus had been prominent in Rome, claimed not only by Domitian but also by both Nerva and Trajan. Tacitus famously refutes military success in his account. As this article shows, however, its memory is consistently invoked in its basic structure. Especially through allusions to Caesar, Tacitus introduces a model of historiographical narrative concerning Roman conquest, only to reject it. The result is a tension between the ongoing public presence of Rome’s immediate past and its official erasure, forming a commentary on the very process of imperial memory sanction.
Opinions of the Sixth Year Students Who Participated in Outdoor Learning Activity Practices for Science
Authors: Özkan Gülbin , Turan Hatice , Topsakal Unsal Umdu
Published: April 2020

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of learning 6th-grade students on the resultant force with active participation, using physical activity and applying four outdoor learning activities to their views on science. In this study, a case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used to examine the students' views in depth. Data were collected open-ended questionnaire. The implementation was carried out in the fall semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 25 sixth grade middle school students. The data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the findings obtained from the data analysis, it was determined that the students had positive opinions about science teaching with out-of-class activities. Also, out-of-class activities have changed the way students think about science.
Using Deep Learning to Block Web Tracking
Authors: Wang Jianyi
Published: April 2020

Most websites that users browse every day utilize trackers that can identify who users are and what activities they conduct online. Although there are benefits to these trackers, they also raise considerable privacy concerns. This research study examines the issue of how to identify web trackers and how to protect users from being tracked. Specifically, this study investigates how AI Deep Learning technologies can be leveraged to identify and stop trackers. The main idea of AI Tracker Blocking is that AI can detect the small differences between tracker server domains and non-tracker server domains. For instance, a tracker domain may appear like this: analytics.xxx.bid, whereas a non-tracker domain may be like this: mail.xxx.com. Although it is likely impossible to block all trackers, results from this study indicate that there are new ways to identify them using Deep Learning.
Multimodal Metaphor Analysis of Print Advertisements Based on the Conceptual Blending Theory: Exploring the Hidden Ideology---Sign-Consumption
Authors: Li Junjun , Dai Guiyu
Published: April 2020

In today’s industrial society with great affluence in material goods, consumption in our mind no longer aims at objective function, but at the sign-value connoted in the objects. Advertisement is the main carrier of sign-consumption ideology with rich multimodal metaphorical resources. This study follows the analytical mode of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), by analyzing multimodal metaphor in print magazine advertisement from the perspective of Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) to explore the hidden sign-consumption ideology. The main findings of the research are: 1) metaphors in selected ads are all novel metaphors, in which the target domain is always presented by the advertised products while source domain is always presented in form of image; 2) counterpart correspondences mapped between two input spaces are the imposed selling points and sign-value, which take the main marketing functions; 3) relegating and weakening the objective function but advocating sign-value of goods is essentially because of people’s desire for differentiation in homogenized industrial society, which would allow the market more space to conduct secondary exploitation to people instead of labor exploitation. This interdisciplinary study not only adds new content to linguistics but also provides new perspective to consumption issue of sociology and economics. Besides, it provides a rational warning for people to reflect their consumption behavior.In today’s industrial society with great affluence in material goods, consumption in our mind no longer aims at objective function, but at the sign-value connoted in the objects. Advertisement is the main carrier of sign-consumption ideology with rich multimodal metaphorical resources. This study follows the analytical mode of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), by analyzing multimodal metaphor in print magazine advertisement from the perspective of Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) to explore the hidden sign-consumption ideology. The main findings of the research are: 1) metaphors in selected ads are all novel metaphors, in which the target domain is always presented by the advertised products while source domain is always presented in form of image; 2) counterpart correspondences mapped between two input spaces are the imposed selling points and sign-value, which take the main marketing functions; 3) relegating and weakening the objective function but advocating sign-value of goods is essentially because of people’s desire for differentiation in homogenized industrial society, which would allow the market more space to conduct secondary exploitation to people instead of labor exploitation. This interdisciplinary study not only adds new content to linguistics but also provides new perspective to consumption issue of sociology and economics. Besides, it provides a rational warning for people to reflect their consumption behavior.
Factors Influencing the Seaside Resort Areas’ Service Quality Management: A Case of Chinese Tourists in Southern Region of Thailand
Authors: Zhang Minyang , Amponstira Fuangfa
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study were to test the influence of factors that influence on the service quality management of seaside resort areas in southern of Thailand. The researcher used the survey questionnaire to collect data from 400 Chinese tourists who visited seaside resort areas in southern region of Thailand. The research employed One-way ANOVA and multiple regression to test variables and to test hypothesis.

The findings revealed that from 3 factors being analyzed using mean value. Service quality factor was the most important to the service quality management of seaside resort areas in southern of Thailand, followed by marketing mix factor, followed by external business factor.

The findings also revealed that from 3 factors being tested including service quality factor, marketing mix factor and external business factor influence on the service quality management of seaside resort areas in southern of Thailand at statistically significant level .05.
Priorities among HIV-positive individuals for tuberculosis preventive therapies
Authors: Kim H-Y. , Hanrahan C. F. , Dowdy D. W. , Martinson N. A. , Golub J. E. , Bridges J. F. P.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: There has been slow uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among people living with HIV (PLWH).METHODS: We surveyed adults recently diagnosed with HIV in 14 South African primary health clinics. Based on the literature and qualitative interviews,
sixteen potential barriers and facilitators related to preventive therapy among PLWH were selected. Best-worst scaling (BWS) was used to quantify the relative importance of the attributes. BWS scores were calculated based on the frequency of participants' selecting each attribute as the best
or worst among six options (across multiple choice sets) and rescaled from 0 (always selected as worst) to 100 (always selected as best) and compared by currently receiving IPT or not.RESULTS: Among 342 patients surveyed, 33% (n = 114) were currently taking IPT. Having the
same standard of life as someone without HIV was most highly prioritized (BWS score = 67.3, SE = 0.6), followed by trust in healthcare providers (score, 66.3 ± 0.6). Poor standard of care in public clinics (score, 30.6 ± 0.6) and side effects of medications (score, 33.7 ±
0.6) were least prioritized. BWS scores differed by IPT status for few attributes, but overall ranking was similar (spearman's rho = 0.9).CONCLUSION: Perceived benefits of preventive therapy were high among PLWH. IPT prescription by healthcare providers should be encouraged to enhance
IPT uptake among PLWH.
Characteristics of a “rebound” in smoking after a tobacco price increase
Authors: Jung J. W. , Kim J. Y.
Published: April 2020

SETTING: In Korea, the price of a pack of cigarettes increased 80% from US$2.2 to US$4 in 2015. The smoking rate decreased in 2015. However, it rebounded in the following year.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics associated with this rebound in
smoking rate following the price increase.DESIGN: We analysed the KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data of 44 015 participants to evaluate current smoking rate and the proportion of smokers planning to quit within 6 months from 2010 to 2016.
We also performed focused analysis of 18 303 participants between 2014 and 2016 KNHANES to determine the current smoking rate according to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics.RESULTS: Individuals who were older, female, unemployed, had a low household income
or a shorter total smoking period, or smoked less per day were more likely to stop or reduce smoking after the price increase. The current smoking rate increased to 18.8% in 2016 from 17.7% in 2015; this difference was significant in men, those in the lower-middle quartile of household income,
those with a middle-school or college education, and those who were employed.CONCLUSION: The rebound in smoking after the price increase was significantly related to the individual's sex, income, education and employment status.
Managing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a budget impact analysis
Authors: Masuku S. D. , Berhanu R. , Van Rensburg C. , Ndjeka N. , Rosen S. , Long L. , Evans D. , Nichols B. E.
Published: April 2020

SETTING: In South Africa prior to 2016, the standard treatment regimen for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) was 24 months long and required daily injectable aminoglycoside (IA) treatment during the first 6 months. Recent evidence supports the replacement
of IA with well-tolerated oral bedaquiline (BDQ) and a shortened 9–12 month regimen.DESIGN: Using a Markov model, we analyzed the 5-year budgetary impact and cost per successful treatment outcome of four regimens: 1) IA long-course, 2) oral long-course, 3) IA short-course,
and 4) oral short-course. We used the South African MDR/RR-TB case register (2013–2015) to assess treatment outcomes for the then-standard IA long-course. Data on the improvement in outcomes for BDQ-based regimens were based on the literature. Costs were estimated from the provider perspective
using costs incurred to provide decentralized treatment for MDR-TB at a Johannesburg hospital.RESULTS: Based on our analysis, by 2023, the cost/successful outcome for the four regimens was respectively 1) US$7374, 2) US$7860, 3) US$5149, and 4) US$4922.
The annual total cost of each regimen was US$37 million, US$43 million, US$26 million, and US$28 million.CONCLUSION: Despite the high cost of BDQ, a BDQ-based shortened regimen for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB will result in improved treatment outcomes
and cost savings for South Africa.
Tuberculosis contact investigation and short-course preventive therapy among young children in Africa
Authors: Schwoebel V. , Koura K. G. , Adjobimey M. , Gnanou S. , Wandji A. G. , Gody J-C. , Delacourt C. , Detjen A. , Graham S. M. , Masserey E. , Mselatti P. , Roggi A. , Trébucq A.
Published: April 2020

SETTING: The largest cities in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Central African Republic.OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility and document the effectiveness of household contact investigation and preventive therapy in resource-limited settings.DESIGN:
Children under 5 years living at home with adults with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were screened using questionnaire, clinical examination, tuberculin skin test and chest X-ray. Children free of active TB were offered preventive treatment with a 3-month rifampicin-isoniazid
(3RH) or 6-month isoniazid (6H) regimen in Benin. Children were followed-up monthly during treatment, then quarterly over 1 year. Costs of transportation, phone contacts and chest X-rays were covered.RESULTS: A total of 1965 children were enrolled, of whom 56 (2.8%) had prevalent
TB at inclusion. Among the 1909 children free of TB, 1745 (91%) started preventive therapy, 1642 (94%) of whom completed treatment. Mild adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal, were reported in 2% of children. One case of incident TB, possibly due to a late TB infection, was reported after
completing the 3RH regimen.CONCLUSION: Contact investigation and preventive therapy were successfully implemented in these resource-limited urban settings in programmatic conditions with few additional resources. The 3RH regimen is a valuable alternative to 6H for preventing TB.
Analysis of the firm duration in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodship
Authors: Markowicz Iwona
Published: April 2020

The study company cohorts, like human cohorts, is carried out using the duration analysis methods. The article presents the possibility of using duration arrays and the liquidation intensity function (gambling) of the companies. This function may take a form ”bathtub” — in the case of mortality; inverted U — in the event of liquidation of companies. Empirical studies are the basis to create and develop theories to explain the probability of survival of companies. The English literature emphasizes that the hazard function of the shape of an inverted U is consistent with the theoretical model of learning, which assumes that the entrepreneur needs time to determine whether the company will be able to operate on the market.
Economic convergence in Poland by sector
Authors: Kosmalski Roman
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the study of economic convergence of the Polish voivodships by sector, and is an example of the use of nonparametric methods. As a basic tool used to apply for the convergence of nonparametric method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), which enriched nuclear estimation method, proposed by Quah, involving the analysis of the distribution of labor productivity and its changes over time. Its use in conjunction with the DEA allowed to present the evolution of the distribution of labor productivity in the voivodships in the coming years. Moreover, based on the results of the Malmquist decomposition index, analysis was carried out of alternative distributions of the variable, taking into account the impact of the individual components of the index on changing its distribution. The study shows the main sources of economic convergence (divergence) in agriculture, industry and services sectors.
Environmental goods and services sector accounts
Authors: Broniewicz Elżbieta , Domańska Wiesława
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the results of the pilot project on the environmental goods and services sector accounts (EGSS). It was conducted in Poland in 2015. This account is compatible with the ESA standards and includes the production activities of a national economy that generate environmental products that have been produced for the purpose of environmental protection and resource management. Data are collected according to classification of economic activities, classes of the classification of environmental protection activities and the classification of resource management activities.
Some new challenges and expectation of statistics
Authors: Szreder Mirosław
Published: April 2020

The article discusses recent research and educational challenges faced by the statistics in the world of fast-growing possibilities of collecting and processing data (Big Data) and the increasingly dominant in social and economic life numerical description of reality. These new phenomena and trends should encourage statisticians’ environment to take action of improving society statistical knowledge needed to critically evaluate and correct interpretation of the survey results.
Human capital and economic growth in the Polish sub-regions
Authors: Dańska-Borsiak Barbara , Laskowska Iwona
Published: April 2020

The contemporary growth models, apart from the variables representing labour and capital, take into consideration also human capital measures. The spatial disproportions in the level of development of Polish regions give rise to the attempts of defining the factors influencing the differences. The main objective of the paper is the analysis of the relationships between the regional GDP per capita and human capital level in Polish NUTS3 regions. The additional objective is investigating whether the before mentioned phenomena exhibit spatial dependence. It was found that sub-regions with low values of human capital tend to cluster in the western Polish territories. There are no significant spatial relationships in the formation of the GDP per capita. In the second part of the paper, there are presented the estimation results of the model explaining the regional GDP per capita. The results show the significant, positive influence of the human capital level on the GDP. The study was conducted based on data for 2012.
Poverty in the Dolnośląskie Voivodship
Authors: Girul Agata
Published: April 2020

The article presents selected aspects of economic poverty in the Dolnośląskie Voivodship on the background of the country and other voivodships, as well as in the cross-section of the Dolnośląskie powiats in 2013, as compared to 2010. The comparative analysis of poverty level by powiats was presented by means of taxonomic synthetic measure based on a set of three selected diagnostic indicators. A complement to the objective assessment of poverty in the Dolnośląskie Voivodship was a presentation of results of subjective assessment of material situation of households in the voivodships’ cross-section.
Poverty dynamics in urban and rural households
Authors: Sączewska-Piotrowska Anna
Published: April 2020

The author used discrete-time event history methods to study poverty and non-poverty survival time of urban and rural households. To analyse there were used nonparametric estimators of hazard function and logit models, which are discrete-time survival models. On the basis on conducted analysis it can be concluded that rural households survive shorter in non-poverty and simultaneously longer in poverty than urban households. Besides, urban households have more chance of poverty exit and less chance of poverty entry than rural households.
Spatial diversity of poverty symptoms in Poland
Authors: Kaczmarek Mirosława
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the clustering voivodships based on variables characterizing the phenomenon of poverty. The analysis is based on data available in the CSO’s Local Data Bank. The selection of diagnostic features was made on the basis of the coefficients of variation and Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. The grouping of voivodships was made using the k-means method. There were created four categories of voivodships differing in the symptoms of poverty. In order to answer the question whether the changes in the symptoms of poverty are taking place on the map of Poland, an analysis was conducted in two periods: for 2013 and 2008.
The challenges of official statistics to the Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2030
Authors: Prażmo Anna , Wójcik Joanna , Żero Magdalena
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to present a new development Agenda for the world and the challenges for official statistics, related to monitoring progres in achieving its goals — at the global, regional and national level. Official statistics, from the beginning participating in the process of goals agreeing for which the world will endeavour in the next 15 years, was indicated as the authority responsible for coordinating and ensuring the continuity of monitoring their implementation. Meeting these expectations will require from international and national statistical institutions an increased efforts aimed at ensuring an efficient monitoring system and filling information gaps. These challenges also facing the Central Statistical Office of Poland — coordinator of the development goals monitoring at the national level.