bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciri-ciri akustik tuturan gagap: Kajian fonetik akustik
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Mahendra Dian
Published: November 2021

This study aims to formulate the acoustic characteristics of stuttering speech through the acoustic phonetic approach. The parameters used to determine the acoustic characteristics of stuttering speech are the duration of speech and silence, the speech tone contours, and the intensity contours of the speech. The data used in this research is a documentary data taken from the website www.youtube.com. The research data is in the form of stuttering speech with phonetic transcription [bəbəbəp bəbəp bəbəbəp bəlaki]. The data were analyzed using Praat 1.6.26 software. The results show that the analyzed stuttering speech has some acoustic characteristics as follows: (1) it has a different duration per sound segment and tends to increase in the last sound segment which is influenced by the length of the lexical strands and the slow movement of the speakers articulator; (2) it has silences with varying duration between one sound segment and another, which indicates that a stuttering speech is spoken haltingly and often stops suddenly; (3) it has a fairly flat tone contour in the first, second, and third segments, and has a significant increase in tone contour in the last sound segment; and (4) it is spoken louder in the last sound segment compared to the previous sound segment which is characterized by a high increase in sound intensity in the last sound segment.
Proses pembelajaran gitar klasik sebagai nilai-nilai pendidikan di Prodi Pendidikan Seni Pertunjukan FKIP Untirta
Authors:   Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Rizal Syamsul
Published: November 2021

Learning guitar in the Performing Arts Education Study Program (PSP) FKIP Untirta is an effort made by students to play an existing repertoire created by a composer. The repertory is studied gradually and continuously. From the beginning to the end of the repertory, students play with the techniques, dynamics, and tempo written from a repertory. This is a process that is carried out continuously by the students of PSP FKIP Untirta. The guitar learning process is certainly interesting to be used as a study. Given that there is no guitar learning in PSP FKIP Untirta that has made a scientific study material. This study used a qualitative method described descriptively to obtain data about educational values in classical guitar learning at PSP FKIP Untirta. This study will discuss the educational values that exist in classical guitar learning in PSP FKIP Untirta. The results of this study are as follows. Educational values in classical guitar learning at PSP FKIP Untirta (1) Discipline values; (2) the value of hard work; (3) the value of being used to reading; and (4) aesthetic value / taste.
Efektivitas platform guru virtual sebagai platform pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi, Ratnaningsih Dewi
Published: November 2021

Coronavirus or Covid-19 is viruses group of the Orthocoronavirinae member of Coronaviridae family and the order Nidovirales. This virus can cause disease not only human, but also birds and mammals. The extraordinary events caused by the corona virus become a new problem in various fields of life, including in the field of education. Every educator is required to be able to innovate, so that the learning process and physical limitations can both continue. Therefore, not long after the physical restriction instructions were applied, the online learning model or commonly referred to as e-learning began to be socialized. The purpose of writing this article is to see the effectiveness of the Guru Virtual platform as an daring learning medium. To conduct this research, researcher uses descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative descriptive method is a method that analyzes research in the form of descriptions not in the form of numbers or coefficients about the relationship between variables. The data gathered from the research is in the form of words or pictures not numbers. The data was collected by designing learning scenarios, recording, and interviewing. In addition, the calculation of student learning outcomes is also carried out to see learning outcomes using the Guru Virtual. Based on the results of interviews with students, Guru Virtual is an effective platform to be used as an daring learning platform. Based on the calculation of student learning outcomes, it was obtained an average value of 74.9 with a good category.
Kajian dan penulisan kearifan budaya Melayu Jambi dengan pendekatan jurnalisme sastra, berbasis penelitian budaya lokal
Authors:   Universitas Jambi, Harahap Eddy Pahar , Kamarudin Kamarudin ,   Universitas Jambi
Published: November 2021

In the context of cultural wisdom, it is no longer seen as hereditary heritage but cultural wisdom is the strength of the creative industry based on cultural wisdom. Students of the language and literature study program who have writing and literary skills are able to study and write cultural wisdom. With the ability to study and write local wisdom allows students as; entrepreneurship, creator, humanist, writer based on the strategy of cultural wisdom values. The research focus is the study and writing of Jambi Malay cultural wisdom with a literary journalism approach. Literary journalism is a feature-oriented creative writing skill based on facts in the field. To achieve this, the study and discussion refers to the practice of improving learning; Research and development; Classroom Action Research, and Project-Based Learning. The results of research on student abilities; write the title of 'good' level, write the intro at 'good' level, the type of intro written; storytelling, descriptive, and questions, writing the atmosphere of the story as a result of observation at the 'medium' level, writing the dialogue of the results of the investigation and reporting at the 'medium' level, (5) closing the story containing the message at the 'good' level, the type of message written; view of life, sincerity, and a call to action. Overall the ability to write knowledge of Malay culture is based on the 'good' range. Based on this the suggestions put forward; feature as a creative essay, very easy to develop by students as novice writers, so that they are interested in composing the potentials of local wisdom; data features on the basis of the results of field research through the process of observation, interviews, investigations and reporting. Based on the suggestions put forward, the literary journalism approach can be developed well in learning creative writing.
The analysis of teaching belief between English lecturers at the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) and Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) in the University of Lampung (Unila)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Putri Lidya Ayuni , Deviyanti Rafista ,   Universitas Lampung, Suningsih Sri ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: November 2021

Teaching is a dynamic process that involves a quick decision-making process. Teaching is also an activity that refers to what students need. This decision-making process often appears as a reflection of what the teacher believes and as a reflection of the theory adopted by the institution where the teacher works. This study addresses the teachers’ beliefs in teaching English at different situation. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive by using questionnaire and interview as data collection technique. The respondents are two lecturers from FEB Unila and FKIP Unila. The study aims at (1) exploring teachers’ beliefs in teaching and learning process at two different faculties, and (2) describing the factors that shape teachers’ beliefs in teaching and learning process at two different faculties. The findings showed different beliefs regarding teaching and learning process between two lecturers and stated that college was counted as the contributed factor that shapes their beliefs in English teaching and learning process.
Lukion historian opettajien käsityksiä esseen arviointiin vaikuttavista piirteistä
Authors: Paldanius Hilkka , Sulkunen Sari , Luukka Minna-Riitta , Saario Johanna
Published: November 2021

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan lukion historian opettajien käsityksiä aineistopohjaisen esseen arvioinnista ja siihen vaikuttavista piirteistä tiedonalan tekstitaitojen näkökulmasta. Aineisto koostuu opettajien ryhmähaastatteluista ja lukiolaisten kirjoittamista aineistopohjaisista esseistä. Haastattelut analysoitiin laadullisen sisällönanalyysin avulla ja esseiden kielellisiä piirteitä systeemis-funktionaalisen kieliteorian avulla. Analyysissä keskityttiin opettajien arvostamiin esseen piirteisiin ja niiden kielellisiin toteumiin. Opettajien arvostamissa piirteissä korostuivat erityisesti sisältötiedon hallinta sekä tehtävänannon noudattaminen. Aineiston käyttöön ja opiskelijan omaan pohdintaan liittyviä odotuksia opettajilla oli vähemmän. Esseiden kielellinen analyysi osoitti, että historian oppiaineen kielen ja sisältötiedon hallinta kietoutuvat toisiinsa: käsitteiden käyttö, informaatiorakenteen sujuvuus ja analysoiva kirjoittajaääni vahvistavat vaikutelmaa sisältötiedon hallinnasta.
 
History teachers’ beliefs about assessment of essays
Abstract
This article focuses on history teachers’ beliefs about the textual features relevant for assessing essays in general upper secondary school. The data comprise group discussions about essays that were analyzed with content analysis and the essays analyzed with systemic-functional theory. The focus was on linguistic realization of the features teachers valued. The results showed that history teachers particularly valued presenting historical knowledge and answering the task. They had fewer expectations about the use of the source material and students’ own argumentation. The linguistic analysis of the essays showed that language of history and historical knowledge intertwine: e.g. smooth information flow and analytical authorial voice demonstrate mastery.
Keywords: assessment, disciplinary literacy, history, essay, systemic-functional theory
Study of the Influence of Factors of the State of Oil Trunk Pipelines on the Degree of Accident Risk
Authors:   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Zharkov V.V. , Savitskaya T.V. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Sverchkov A.M. ,   STC «Industrial Safety» CJSC
Published: November 2021

The article examines the current state of the oil industry in Russia. The main reasons for depressurization of the main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines are analyzed, domestic and foreign methods for assessing the pipeline accidents risk are considered. Review of domestic and foreign software products is carried out allowing to assess the accidents risk. The software application was developed for solving the problems of scoring the factors of influence of the state of the main oil pipelines and main oil product pipelines on the degree of accidents risk. The software application is based on the methodology of the same name. Five groups of factors are considered: external anthropogenic impacts, corrosion, natural influences, structural and technological factors, defects of the pipe body and welds. In order to test the software application, the article presents a calculation for three different sections of the main oil pipeline, one of which passes through the river. The influence of various factors on the final value of the score was investigated. The largest number of options was studied in the group of constructive and technological factors. For clarity, the calculation results are presented in the form of graphs. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the underwater area is the safest. The analysis of the dependence of the load amplitude on the number of cycles is carried out. Repetitive scores were identified for different loads and number of cycles. It is established that the operation of a pipeline with a multiple small excess of the load poses the same risk of accident as the operation with a high amplitude of the load with a small number of cycles. The developed software application is an efficient software product, the main purpose of which is not only to obtain the final result, but, also, to study the influence of various factors on the degree of accidents risk for operating and projected pipelines.
Разработка тренажерных установок для подготовки персонала нефтеперерабатывающих предприятий
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Meluseva I.A. , Ozden I.V. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Shevchenko D.I. ,   NPP Automation of Technological Processes, Kudryavtsev A.A. ,   NPP Automation of Technological Processes
Published: November 2021

In modern conditions of fierce competition in the energy market, the enterprises of the Russian Federation widely use new technologies, introduce modern equipment and automation systems. This leads to the increased requirements for the quality of management and maintenance of industrial objects, including oil refining facilities. When training the personnel of a hazardous production facility, the most important factor in assessing the results of training is the availability of not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills of work, including in emergency situations, which is difficult to learn in real production conditions. According to the number of studies, in the presence of practiced practical skills, the probability of error decreases significantly. Simulator training is one of the most efficient methods of practical training. Various versions are considered related to the simulators implemented on the computers and connected to the computer network; they simulate the workplace of specialists as much as possible. Integrated training systems are a set of interactive equipment and are designed to increase the level of fire and industrial safety of oil and gas facilities in the normal and emergency operating modes. The purpose of creating educational and training complexes is to conduct primary training of personnel of the enterprises for forming the managerial skills and an idea of the essence and features of the technological process. Thus, the future specialists can acquire skills in managing these processes in various situations. The substantiation and features of the use of quantitative assessments of the results of practical exercises and trainings for the specialists of oil refineries are given, as well as a method for calculating the direct assessment of the probable damage.
The Students’ Attitudes towards the NESTs versus NNESTs and their Impacts on the Students’ Motivations to Learn English Language at KAU
Authors: Saad Al Muabdi Haneen
Published: November 2021

Motivation is one of the crucial aspects of second language acquisition. Students’ motivation can be influenced by their teachers. The present study aims to investigate the impact of the two types of teachers on EFL learners’ motivations to learn English. These are NESTs (Native English-speaking teachers) and NNESTs (native English-speaking teachers). Hence, it examines learners’ attitudes and perceptions towards the two types of teachers. This study employed a mixed method by distributing a questionnaire contains quantitative and qualitative tools. It consists of twenty items of Likert scales and two open-ended questions. The present study subjects are 31 female students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results of the study demonstrate that learners have a positive attitude toward NESTs and NNESTs. Despite that, the tendency to learn with NNESTs is higher than NESTs. The findings also show that both types of teachers motivate students to learn English. Moreover, it suggests that the methodology and teachers’ personalities are more important than the teachers’ nativeness.
Modulating the Mutagenic Effects of Mitomycin C by Aqueous Extract of Lentil (Lens culinars)
Authors: Al-Halbosiy M.M.F.
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic and mutagenic effect of Lentil (Lens culinars) seed aqueous extract (0.5 , 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) and its ability to modulate the mutagenic effects of mytomycin C, using the male albino mice for hematological and cytogenetic analyses (total leukocyte count and mitotic index, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation of bone marrow cells). The evaluations were carried out through three type of treatment. In the first treatment the extract was dosed alone to the animals, while in the second and third treatment, interaction between the extract and mytomycin C (pre and post treatment) were carried out for such evaluations. The study showed that there was no toxic and mutational effects of the used extract .The result also showed that the dose 1.5mg/kg was significantly better than the other doses in all tests that were carried. The result also showed that there was aninhibition effect of the extract in relation to the mutational effects of mytomycin C. through its effects in increasing the total leukocyte count and mitotic index and reducing in chromosomal aberration, micronucleus formation before and after the drug application.
Use of sheep horn hydrolysate as nitrogen source for lactic acid bacteria growth
Authors: A Ayat A. , T Zaid A. , I Hayder H.
Published: November 2021

This study included used the sheep horn Hydrolysate as a nitrogen source in growth medium (SHHM) for cultivation of lactic acid bacteria, The results showed the optical density of growth in 540 nm for Lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus acidophillus was 1.38 and 1.31 respectively after cultivation in (SHHM) medium. Otherwise the optical density of growth for Lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus acidophillus was 1.27 and 1.32, respectively after cultivation in (MRS) medium, Which contain peptone, yeast extract and meat extract as a nitrogen source. In the inhibition capability test the results showed that the inhibition zone average of cell free extract for lactobacillus casei which cultivated in SHHM was (14 , 13 and 18) mm against Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp. respectively, while the inhibition zone average of cell free extract for lactobacillus casei which cultivated in MRS was (12 , 10 and 12 mm) against Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp. Respectively. The inhibition zone average of cell free extract for lactobacillus acidophillus which cultivated in SHHM was (14 , 14 and 20) mm against Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp. respectively, and ( 13 , 13 and 16 ) mm against Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp. respectively after cultivated in MRS medium.
The effect of crude methanolic extract of ginger (Zingibe officinale) root in different cell lines in vitro
Authors: Kadhum Shamaa Ismael , Ahmed Alqysi Safaa Al-deen
Published: November 2021

This study involved the affectivity of crude methanolic extract of ginger root on different cells line in vitro, four cancer cell lines were tested Hela, L20B,Hep2, AMN3 compared with normal cell line (REF)and transformed cell line (Vero). Four extract concentrations were prepared (125,250,500,1000) µg/ml respectively, the results showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of different cell lines under study, also regression showed a significant negative relationship between plant extract and cell lines,1000 µg/ml concentration showed significant effect on cell lines growth (HELA,Hep2,L20B and Vero) on the other hand AMN3 was not affected by the plant extract, there was a direct relationship between concentrations and the rate of inhibition of the cell lines, on the other hand the normal cell line were more effected than cancer cell lines under study.
The ability of polyphenols extracted from green tea Camellia sinensis in influence of genetic cytotoxicity of catechol on mice bone marrow cells ( in vivo )
Authors: Umran Mahfoodha Abbas , Aziz Ghazi Munim , Yaseen Nahi Yousif
Published: November 2021

Aqueous and methanolic of polyphenols and trepenoids extractions were obtained from green tea leaves. Process of confirmation were performed with conventional qualitative chemical tests,polyphenols(F1)and trepenoids(F2) represented 27.6% and 3.0% from dry weight of leaves recepectively .Catechins recovery was 67.2% from the original polyphenols (F1) contents by HPLC. Results showed that, a single oral administration for mice of both catechol concentrations (156 and 234 mg/kg) caused decreasing mitotic index (MI), blastogenic index (BI) and increasing micronucleus frequency (MN) in bone marrow, catechins treatment due to non significant changes in BI, significant increasing in MI and decreasing in MN, while the combination treatments (catechins and catechol) improved the cytogenetic parameters (BI, MN) in comparison with single treatments of catechol. In fact a clear effect in mitotic activity was reveal such as decreasing in MI and significant increasing in MN after Methotrexate (MTX) treatment dependent on the periods of administration (2-6 weeks), and/or in comparison with negative control.
Study the Biochemical active materials (Allicin, Alliin) extraction from medical plant to treat patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Ahmood A. M. , Alwan A. F. , Alwan Asam Fadhal , Mohmd Eman
Published: November 2021

Total study was concerned with the Iraqi garlic extract which should concentration of both Allicin 23.94 ppm and Alliin 17.9 ppm respectively. The highest concentration of Arginine from sixteen amino acid and is the highest concentration of vitamin (Niacin) B3 in garlic extract. The effect of some Biochemical variables for patients atherosclerosis was studied at the age between (45-65) years old using the 3 capsules a day to give a concentration 250mg/ capsule for a period of two weeks each at the level of total cholesterol, HDLc, and MDA and the effectiveness of the enzyme G.S.T. The results indicate a low level of total cholesterol, MDA and the level of effectiveness of the enzyme G.S.T. a rise in the level of HDLc.
Study of some Cytogenetic effect of licorice extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on blood lymphocytes of Awassi ewes and embryos
Authors: A. al-Saeid A. H.N. , Shubber E. K  , Abid S.A  , S.M Neda
Published: November 2021

The effect of licorice extract [Glycyrrhiza glabra] on somatic cells chromosomes from 30 Awassi ewes (local breed) before and after pregnancy to improve soil fertility through the use of chromosome analysis of lymph blood cells and on their embryos from amniotic cells chromosome which drain by laparotomy of the maternal and fetal. That is the aim of this study. The blood taken from ewes treatment [0.5ml] for each sample incubate in media Tc-199 with Brdu for 72 hours worked in Cytogenetic analysis of the models Rd cells of embryos derived from the total ewes experience a way to open the abdomen of the pregnant ewes )12-13( weeks to demonstrate the effects of licorice extract chromosomes in blood lymphatic cells of mothers and fetuses after treatment. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that licorice extract could not induce numerical nor structural abnormalities in chromosomes from ewes blood lymphocytes, after treatment or on their embryos from amniotic cells chromosomes which drain by laparotomy under their experimental designs.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity for pure curcumin in albino mice
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Labeeb Ahmed , Ali Norrya Abdul-Hussein , Nida Saad M.
Published: November 2021

he study was carried out in order to determine the toxic, oxidant and antioxidant effects for one compounds of the Curcrcuma longa L. in comparison with vitamin C against the mutagenic effect of carbon tetrachloride CCl4, which is a chemical compound that damages hepatic cells and has mutagenic effects. The effect was studied in a mammalian system. This in vivo system depended on evaluating the enzymatic activity of two anti oxidant enzymes: Catalase and Glutathione reductase. Two concentrations of pure curcumin 200 and 400 mg /kg were evaluated to chose the suitable concentration, which remembered the negative control. In order be used in The interaction experiments, included two types of treatments pre – CCl4 and post-CCl4 in order to determine the mechanisms of the pure curcumin in preventing or reducing the antioxidant effect of CCl4. The pure curcumin showed no toxic and oxidant effects in biological system, and instead it showed highly performance in preventing or reducing the oxidant stress effects of CCl4. It increased the Catalase and Glutathione reductase antioxidant activity, especially in dose 200 mg/kg. The positive effect was higher when pure curcumin was used as pre-CCl4 treatments, and to less extent in post-CCl4 treatment. Therefore, the plant extracts can be considered as adesmutagen at the first degree and a bioantimutagen at the second degree.
Preparation of shrimp shells chitosan and use it in extending eggs shelf life
Authors: Salman Dhuha D. , Al-aubadima AsInas M.
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to examine the performance of chitosan prepared from chitin. By treating the shrimp shells with 3.5% sodium hydroxide then with 1 N hydrochloric acid. The chitin produced was used to prepare two types of chitosan by treating it with concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide 50% with heating at 100c°for 4 hr. (type A) and 20 hr. (type B). The molecular weights of samples A and B as determined by viscometer were 1155 and 720 KDa. The performance of the two chitosans was examined in preserving eggs quality and extending its shelf life after coating them with 2%of chitosan and keep it at 25C°for 4 week. The results indicate that both samples showed better performance than control (non-coated eggs and eggs coated with 1% acetic acid) as A and B contributed in preserving albumen and yolk quality, whereas, Hough Unit of coating sample decreased from 100 (in the 1st day) to (76.3, 76.8), respectively after 4 wk of storage while the control (non coated eggs and 1% acetic acid coated eggs) was (68.2, 67.9), respectively. The yolk index decreased from 0.6 (in 1st day) to 0.27 and 0.28 for eggs coated with chitosan A and B, respectively and to 0.21 and 0.22 for none coated and 1% acetic acid coated eggs respectively after 4 week of storage. A and B coated samples contributed in decreasing the albumen pH increasing which increased from 7.9 ( in the first day) to 10.4 and 10.8, respectively as compared to 11 for the control. B sample was the best compared to A sample and control in preventing decreasing weight losses which were (5.51, 6.12, 6.33, 7.69) %, respectively. Therefore A and B coated eggs showed high activity to improve the internal quality of eggs and to extend its storage period.
Effect of some chemotherapy drugs) vincristine and vinblastine) on females albino mice fertility and sex hormones level
Authors: Al-Ahmed Hazim I. A.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chemotherapy (vincristine and vinblastine) on the fertility and sex hormones level of female mice. Twenty four female albino mice were divided into three equal groups. The First group injected with vincristine 0.05 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 3 weeks. The second group injected with vinblastine 0.05 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 3 weeks. The third group treated with normal saline intraperitoneally daily for 3 weeks as control group. Blood samples were collected by using heart puncture within plastic syringes and transferred to plastic tubes. Blood centrifuged and serum was harvested for hormonal assay. The animals in each group were killed by dislocation of cervical vertebrate in third week of the treatment. Ovaries weighed and fixed with Bouin solution for histological study. Results showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased in ovaries weight on groups treated with vincristine and vinblastine as compared with control group. The mean numbers and diameters of primary, secondary follicles and corpus luteium, and hormones level [follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH), estrogen and progesterone] were significant declined in groups treated with vincristine and vinblastine as compared with control group. Results indicated that fertility and sex hormones level reduced in females treated with chemotherapy drugs vincristine and vinblastine
Detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae by PCR
Authors: Sabbah Majeed Arsheed , Sulaiman Bilal Kamil , Jasim Kifah, A. , Farhan Mohammod M.
Published: November 2021

holera toxin (CT) is a major virulence factor of V. cholerae causing water diarrhea. The detection of CT-producing V. cholerae using conventional culture-, biochemical- and immunological-based assays is time-consuming, laborious, and requiring more than three days perform. In this work a specific primers for ctxB gene were used for detection of V. cholera in water samples. Few colonies of V. cholera were suspended in water and used as a template in PCR reaction for the detection of ctxB gene. The 391-bp sequence of a gene that codes for the cholera toxin B subunit was amplified by PCR. Direct use of V. cholerae pure culture for PCR replaces the need for DNA extraction or boiling. Increase the concentration of MgCl2 enhances the efficiency of amplification. The specificity of the assay was determined to be specific for V. cholerae but not for, vibrio related bacteria, E. coli, Non-Agglutinable (NAG) V. cholerae, and Aeromonas sp.
Identification of differences in virulence factors production from mutant isolates of clinical Vibrio cholerae S
Authors: Al- Khafaji K. A. , Al- Thwami A. N.
Published: November 2021

Antibiotic resistant mutants for rifampicin, streptomycin and klindamycin were isolated from the clinical isolate of Vibrio choleraeS mutated by chemical mutagens. Mutation frequency of V. cholerae S depends on the treatment time and the highest viable count of antibiotic resistant were for Rifampicin after treatment with Acridine orange, Ethedium bromide, Nitrosoguanidine, 5-Florouracil, 2-Bromouracil and cyclophosphamide. One thousand mutant isolates were examined for morphological differences in colony surface, color and diameter. The treatment with AO, NTG, 5-FU, and 2-BU gave opaque to orange color larger diameter about 5-7 mm of Rifampicin resistant mutant isolates at TSA and 25% of these mutant appeared as wrinkled surface. Klindamycin resistant mutants of V. cholerae S were appeared as similar to the wild type while, Streptomycin resistant mutants of appeared as pin- point white smooth colonies on TSA. No differences were seen for oxidase, string test and fermentation pattern for sucrose and lactose. Toxin CoregulatedPili production was differed from high level order designated as +++ to mild ++ and low level designated as + after mutation with 5-FU and 2-BU. However, 15% of rifampicin resistant mutant isolates gave no agglutination phenomena. No proteases activity detected even after 48 hour of incubation; the production of lipases enzyme did not affected; while, mutator isolates produced high level of β- haemolysins about 2.5 fold. About 90% of cyclophosphamide- rifampicin mutant showed homogenized culture with no auto agglutination but high level of proteases. While, only 10% of cyclophosphamide - rifampicin mutants gave slightly auto agglutination and didn’t produce proteases enzyme. The production of both TCP and CT were increased from rough pigment producing mutant isolates comparing with yellow and smooth mutants.
Effect of magnetized salt water on seed germination and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar Tritcium aestivum L.
Authors: N. Ismail E. , M. Hassan S. , M. Mageed. D. , A. Rasheed. K. , S. Abd A. , Aljibouri A. A.
Published: November 2021

A Study was conducted the effect of saline water irrigation with different levels of NaCl (6, 12, 18) Decisemins/M in addition with the control treatment. The saline water magnetized through a proper magnetic field with (1000, 1250, 1500, 2000) gaus in addition control treatment. Seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar were investigated. The result indicated significant increasing in most character studies such as, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root, and leaf area. On the other hand, all character studies were significantly decreased when used saline irrigation water. The result also showed significant interaction between the magnetized water and saline water which used in irrigation pots in most characters studies.
Kinetic model of aerobic Agro Strain Growth under Constant Magnetic Field in Batch system
Authors: Mohammed Sahar Imad , Ahmed Ammar Waadallah
Published: November 2021

The specific growth rate is a key control parameter in the industrial production of any microorganism. In this study we investigated an effect of the direct impact constant magnetic field in aerobic batch system of microorganism kinetic growth. Agro type was used in this study, with motor oil as a substrate compound in mineral salts solution. Analysis regarded the impact of constant magnetic field for the Agro growth in specific growth rate in batch system. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory scale with use of technological system comprised of magnetic activator of culture. By experiment, Cultures of Agro were grown in a magnetic field (330 Gauss) for 12 hr; where an obvious increasing in quantity of viable count of cells was achieved against time with impact constant magnetic field. This value was found equal to 14250 cfu with degradation in substrate from 0.439 to 0.338 ml/150ml during 7 hours; on the other hand control media was found 7125 cfu with degradation in substrate form 0.439 to 0.428 ml/150ml during 7 hours. Monod equation was applied to determine the Monod's constant value (Ks) for exposure experiments and was found equal to 0.388 ml/150ml at maximum specific growth rate constant 0.142 h-1. The doubling time of growth for agro Strain was determined and was found equal 4.6 hours.
Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate antibiotics in pharmacueutical sample using derivative spectrophotometric method
Authors: Abdulameer Sarah S. , Al-Saidi Khaleda H.
Published: November 2021

Derivatives spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the determination of Amoxicillin Trihydrate (Amox) with Potassium Clavulanate (PC) antibiotic binary mixtures. The simultaneous determination of these compounds was accomplished by derivative (1D, 2D and 3D) spectrophotometric technique and applying zero-crossing technique used for determination of (Amox) and (PC) in tablets. The second order derivative absorption spectra at valley λ=299 nm were used for (Amox) and also the second order derivative spectra at peak λ=239.5 nm were used for (PC). No interferences were found between both determined constituents and those of matrix. A good accuracy and precision of simultaneous determination of (Amox) and (PC) were confirmed by statistical analysis. The recovery of individual constituents under established conditions is very high and ranges for synthetic standards mixture and tablets from 100.11, 99.33 and 96.98, 96.84 respectively. Linearity is maintained within a wide concentration range from 2.0 to 90.0 μg.mL-1 and from 10.0 to 90.0 μg.mL-1 for (Amox) and (PC) and linearity percentage 99.98 and 99.99 respectively. The detection limit is 0.211 μg.mL-1 for (Amox) and 0.259 μg.mL-1 for (PC). The corresponding quantitation limits are 0.704 μg.mL-1 (Amox) and 0.864 μg.mL-1 for (PC).
Bacterial aerobic Bacteraemia at AL- Kindi Teaching Hospital 2007-2009: Etiology diversity, Clinical features, and Outcome.
Authors: Majeed Suzan I. , Khalaf Khawlah J. , Ameen Mazin K.
Published: November 2021

Data regarding the incidence, etiology and outcome of Bacteraemia taken from AL-Kindi hospital were collected, and compared the situation between the three years: 2007, 2008, 2009. A total number of blood samples was (505), from this number only (70) (13.8%) is positive. The rate of positivity was significant greater in 2009 (17.7%) than 2008 (11.8%) and 2007 (9.1%). The calculated incidence of significant episodes of bacteraemia was 12.6% .The five most commonly isolated microorganisms were: Salmonella typhi30(46.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 12 (18.7%), Escherichia coli 10 (15.6%),Klebsiella 4(6.2%) and Enterobacter sp.3(4.6%) varied throughout this period, significant increase was noted in 2009. The acquisition of blood stream infections was nosocomial in 8.5% of cases.60% of Salmonella typhi were Amoxicillin resistant. Also Staph.aureus isolates, 58%were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin. Cephalexin-resistant E.coli in70% of the isolates and Gentamycin-resistant Klebsiella occurred in 75% of the isolates. The incidence of BSI did not differ significantly from other reported studies.
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilzation and planting dates on growth, flower yield and methoxalen conceration in Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Abdl Alazez N. Kh. , Moter R. M. , Hassan A. Z.
Published: November 2021

Study was conducted in Botanical Garden, Biology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, sowing dates were (1/10 / 2000) and ( 1/11/2000), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50) Kg N/ ha. as urea (46% N) and three levels of Phosphorus fertilizer (0, 25, 50) kg p2O5/ ha. as triple super phosphate (48 - 52 )% P2O5 and their interactions upon growth, flower yield and methoxalen concentration of (Calendula officnialis L. Var lemon queen). All treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three repilications. Methoxalen was sperated and massuaard with HPLC. The results can be summarized: the first sowing date was significantly superior than the second sowing date in number of branches / leaf area dcm2, number of inflorescence/ plant, flower yield, fresh and dry weight and concentration of methoxalen. Nitrogen and phosphorus treatment were significantly increased in these parameters.
Reducing rate the Phosphate and Nitrate in industrialy prepared media and from waste water by using The algae Scendesmus quadricauda
Authors: Gudeib Hassan Z. , Rezooki Ahmed M. , Alsada Athraa abed , Hmood Ameal H. , Al-Hussieny Ahmed Aidan
Published: November 2021

The effeiciency of Algae s. quadricauda has been tested in reducing the Phosphate and Nitriate, in industrial culture media and sample of waste water, The rate of removal has been recorded for phosphate element in waste water (40.24, 75.54, 75.94)% for the first, second and third day respectivally and the highest average of removing for Phosphate and Nitrate (99.77, 60.54)% respectivally for the seventh day from culture the sample of industrial, cultural media that contain 2 mg/L phosphate.The removal rate reached to (24.5, 34, 39.5)% for first, second and third day, respectivally and in log increased for cells 82.183 cell/ml in comparative with sample of waste water and in log increased for living mass 94.673 cell/ml by experiment continuing twelve days .
Clinico-Histological study of Basosquamous Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Al-Rawi Rafal Abdulrazak
Published: November 2021

asosquamous carcinoma is one of skin malignant tumor with features of both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It may behave more aggressively with an increased risk of recurrence and metastases. Investigations on the incidence, clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of basosquamous cell carcinoma in comparison with basal and squamous cell carcinoma were carried out. The clinical records of 3000 patients were reviewed from Razgary teaching hospital in Erbil from the period of 1-1-2008 to 1-1-2009 for the diagnosis of basosquamous carcinoma, basal and squamous cell carcinoma and an immunohistochemistry study was done to the basosquamous cell carcinoma.The incidence of basosquamous carcinoma is 8.82% among basal 63.24% and squamous cell carcinoma 27.94%. The commonest site is the nose and mostly occurs in patient over 50 years. Regarding immunohistochemical study of both epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and low molecular weight keratin (LMWK) showed 5 positive cases out of 6 Basosquamous carcinoma cases. It was concluded that Basosquamous carcinoma incidence is less than that of basal and squamous cell carcinoma. The histological diagnosis of basosquamous carcinoma is confirmed by the use of LMWK and EMA immunohistochemical staining of the areas of both basal cell carcinoma area and squamous cell carcinoma area, respectively
Evaluation of toxic effects of two weight reduction pills
Authors: Al-Taee Maha F. , Abdul-Malek Hadeel Waleed , Majeed Laheeb Jamal
Published: November 2021

his study involved evaluation of side effects of two weight reduction pills that had been widely distributed in the last period. Two weight reduction compounds are studied, Reductil (containing chemical substances) and Chinese’s weight reduction herbs (containing natural substances). Two doses for each compound are used in this research; 5mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml for Reductil, while 30mg/ml and 10mg/ml for Chinese weight reduction herbs. To evaluate the toxic effects of these compounds, the following parameters were determined which include mitotic index (cytogenetic analysis), serum FSH and LH hormones level (follicles stimulation hormone/FSH and lutenising hormone/LH) and histological examination of female mice ovaries. Control group were treated with PBS for comparison. Results revealed that both compounds showed significant changes with the all studied parameters and at both doses when compared with control and, Reductil was shown to be more toxic than the Chinese herbs.
Optimum conditions for isoamylase production by Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Jasim Hameed M. , Abdul-Wahab Haneen S.
Published: November 2021

Different nutritional and cultural factors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for isoamylase production by Pseudomonas sp. in a batch culture of the production medium. These factors include carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources and their concentrations, temperature and pH. Results showed that the optimum conditions for isoamylase production by Pseudomonas sp. were achieved when the production medium was supplemented with maltose 1%, peptone 0.4%, and K2HPO4 0.4% as a carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate sources respectively, at initial medium pH 6, and incubation at 28°C for 24 hours. Under these conditions isoamylase productivity reaches the maximum, at which enzyme specific activity was 0.85 U/mg proteins.
Effect of magnetic field of both north and south pole on the growth and viability of the local isolate Aspergillus flavus sh1 and its capability for the production of aflatoxin
Authors: Kadhum Shaimaa Ismael
Published: November 2021

This study included the investigation of the effect of magnetic field of both north and south pole on the growth and viability of the local isolate of Aspergillus flavus, and its capability for the production of aflatoxin.The results showed that the north pole effect of the growth and viability of the tested isolate and it's capability for aflatoxin production. The colonies diameter were (50,60,70 )mm to the (north pole, south pole, north and south pole) treatments and the control was (60)mm. The numbers of spores to the same treatments were (12×107 ,50×107,31×107) spore/100 ml while the control was (30×107) spore/100ml.The dried weight of the same treatments were (0.11,0.36,0.25)gm while the control was (0.23)gm.The south pole show an efficiency in staining Aspergillus flavus sh1 comparing with the north pole. And so the North Pole was reduced the production of aflatoxin, while the South Pole increased the aflatoxin production.
Screening of genetically modified Corn Zea mays in Iraqi market
Authors: Aarif Ghaith Lotfi , Sulaiman Bilal Kamil , Alkhafaji Zahra M.
Published: November 2021

Detection of the genetically modified crops could be done by screening certain markers usually used in modification. In this study polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was used to investigate the presence of the promoter P35s and nos terminator in the genetically modified corn Zea mays. 72 samples of the maize crop collected from inside Iraqi market from various sources, including imported crops and other local strains used for agriculture or for the production of animal feed. DNA extracted from the corn seeds by two methods, the efficiency of extraction was compared between the two procedures, the purity of DNA samples extracted ranged between 1.4- 1.8 of the samples studied, while the ranged values for concentrations ranged from (500-2400) ng /µl, specificity of the DNA extracted was confirmed using Zea mays specific gene responsible for production of Zein protein, a storage protein. Results shows that all the samples were positive for this gene, results of the investigation of sequence responsible for regulating gene expression for promoter P35s and T-nos terminator, should that 10 samples 13.9% of the total 72 samples studied are genetically modified and gave positive results for the amplification of PCR using primers specialized for each of the P35s and T-nos. The results indicated that (9 out of 47) represent 19.14% of the samples studied imported for the government institutions were genetically modified. Multiplex PCR technique used for the detection of two types of the targets at the same reaction to reduce the time and efforts. Multiplex PCR successfully applied for two combinations of either zein and P35s or zein and nos.
Partial purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Ali Wala’a Shawkat , Mahmood Nibras Nazar
Published: November 2021

Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation 60% saturation. The bacteriocin exhibited activity of 320AU/ml against Serratia marcescens. Characterization of bacteriocin showed that its active principle was proteinaceous in nature since it was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes but not by other enzymes. Treatment of bacteriocin with organic solvents 5% concentration did not affect the activity of it, but its activity was reduced to the half at 10% concentration of the solvents. Bacteriocin activity was stable at pH 4 -7, half of its activity was lost at pH8, and whole activity was lost at other pH values. Bacteriocin was stable at 40-100°C for 10min, but it retained only 50% of its activity at 40 and 60°C for 30min. whole activity was lost at 80 and 100°C for 30min and at 121°C for 15 min.