bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derechos de las mujeres en el mundo y en el Perú
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Cerro José Luis
Published: July 2021

Los derechos de las mujeres y las niñas son derechos humanos. Ellos abarcan todos los aspectos de la vida es decir la salud, la educación, la participación política, el bienestar económico, el no ser objeto de violencia y muchos más. Ellas tienen derecho al disfrute pleno y en condiciones de igualdad, de todos sus derechos humanos y a vivir libres de todas las formas de discriminación. Su protección debe estar consagrada en leyes y políticas nacionales firmemente arraigadas en las normas internacionales de derechos humanos. Es importante para ello que en las leyes nacionales se reconozcan sus derechos y que tengan la capacidad de reivindicarlos y pugnar por una igualdad de género.
La discriminación por motivo de sexo está prohibida en casi todos los tratados de derechos humanos, lo que abarca también el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, que en virtud del artículo 3, común a ambos, aseguran a los hombres y a las mujeres igualdad de derechos a gozar en todos enunciados en esos documentos.
Existen tratados y órganos de expertos dedicados específicamente a hacer realidad los derechos humanos de las mujeres tal como la “Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer” (CEDAW, por sus siglas en inglés) la cual está considerada como la carta internacional de derechos de las mujeres. En ella se define qué es la discriminación contra la mujer y se establece un programa de acción nacional para ponerle fin. La Convención fue aprobada por las Naciones Unidas en 1979 y entró en vigor el 3 de septiembre de 1981.
Algunas aproximaciones a la independencia del Perú y a la de América Central
Authors: Betancourt Rivera José
Published: July 2021

Los procesos de independencia en América Central y en el Perú son el resultado de un conjunto de pensamientos y acciones de cambio del sistema colonial español, concebidos por diversos personajes, que impulsaron la emancipación y perfilaron la nueva estructura del Estado liberal en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, basado en el principio de la separación de poderes, concepto legado por la escuela francesa. En ambos procesos, destacan dos sabios que ejercieron una notable influencia, José Cecilio del Valle en América Central, e Hipólito Unanue en el Perú, quienes con su reflexión y dedicación, fueron decisivos en la formación de consensos que forjaron la emancipación y la creación de nuevas unidades políticas independientes.
Miguel Grau y el Derecho Internacional Humanitario
Authors: Laguerre Kleimann Michel
Published: July 2021

La actitud del Capitán de Navío Miguel Grau Seminario, durante la campaña naval que lideró en el conflicto internacional de 1879reúne características que se enmarcan dentro del Derecho Internacional Humanitario, rama del Derecho Internacional que tuvo como bases -entre otros- el Convenio de Ginebra de 1864. En ese sentido, y a partir del Convenio de La Haya de 1899 que trató de la adaptación a la guerra marítima de los principios de la Convención de Ginebra, el Perú recién se adhirió a aquella en el año de 1903.De este modo, el presente trabajo buscará argumentar desde el derecho y la historia los aspectos que convertirían al Caballero de los Mares en un Precursor del Derecho Internacional Humanitario de la guerra en el mar, toda vez que actuó sin un marco jurídico establecido-ni nacional ni internacional- relacionado al aspecto humanitario vigente de la guerra en la mar, y sin recibir instrucciones por escrito -ni generales ni específicas- sobre la materia, más allá de la costumbre que era considerada Derecho vigente. De los dos casos expuestos, puede deducirse que habría actuado teniendo como base su razón y/o el derecho consuetudinario. De hecho, las acciones humanitarias de Grau que se presentarán en este trabajo, no fueron las primeras llevadas a cabo en la historia marítima mundial, pero sí, podría ser considerada como pionera en este lado del Pacífico sudamericano. Sin embargo, más allá de la posibilidad de que haya sido la inicial, nada resta el hecho de que sus acciones humanitarias reflejaron el sentir y apreciación de la forma de cómo llevar la guerra; una manera que no buscaba ocasionar daños innecesarios.
The Extragalactic Distance Database: The Color–Magnitude Diagrams/Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance Catalog
Authors: Anand Gagandeep S. , Rizzi Luca , Tully R. Brent , Shaya Edward J. , Karachentsev Igor D. , Makarov Dmitry I. , Makarova Lidia , Wu Po-Feng , Dolphin Andrew E. , Kourkchi Ehsan
Published: July 2021

The Extragalactic Distance Database (EDD) was created as a repository for high-quality, redshift-independent distances. A key component of EDD is the Color–Magnitude Diagrams/Tip of the Red Giant Branch (CMDs/TRGB) catalog, which provides information on the stellar content of nearby galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Here we provide a decadal update to this catalog, which has now doubled in size to over 500 galaxies. We highlight the additions to our data reduction and analysis techniques and provide examples of the science that has been made possible with this large data set. We find the TRGB to be a reliable measure for distance, and we aim to extend its distance coverage with HST to every galaxy within 10 Mpc. In the near future, the combination of the James Webb Space Telescope and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will dramatically increase the number of targets within our grasp.
ALMA Observations toward the S-shaped Outflow and the Envelope around NGC 1333 IRAS 4A2
Authors: Chuang Chen-Yu , Aso Yusuke , Hirano Naomi , Hirano Shingo , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: July 2021

We have analyzed the ALMA archival data of the SO (J

N
= 65 − 54 and J

N
= 76 − 65), CO (J = 2 − 1), and CCH (N = 3 − 2, J = 7/2 − 5/2, F = 4 − 3) lines from the Class 0 protobinary system, NGC 1333 IRAS 4A. The images of SO (J

N
= 65 − 54) and CO (J = 2 − 1) successfully separate two northern outflow lobes connected to each protostar, IRAS 4A1 and IRAS 4A2. The outflow from IRAS 4A2 shows an S-shaped morphology, consisting of a flattened envelope around IRAS 4A2 with two outflow lobes connected to both edges of the envelope. The flattened envelope surrounding IRAS 4A2 has a velocity gradient opposite to that of the circumbinary envelope. The observed features are reproduced by the magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the collapsing core whose magnetic field direction is misaligned with the rotational axis. Our simulation shows that the intensity of the outflow lobes is enhanced on one side, resulting in the formation of S-shaped morphology. The S-shaped outflow can also be explained by the precessing outflow launched from an unresolved binary with a separation larger than 12 au (0.″04). Additionally, we discovered a previously unknown extremely high-velocity component at ∼45–90 km s−1 near IRAS 4A2 with CO. CCH (J

N,F
= 7/23,4 − 5/22,3) emission shows two pairs of blobs attached to the bottom of a shell-like feature, and the morphology is significantly different from that of the SO and CO lines. Toward IRAS 4A2, the S-shaped outflow shown in SO is overlapped with the edges of CCH shells, while CCH shells have velocity gradients opposite to those of the flattened structure around IRAS 4A2.
Charon’s Far Side Geomorphology
Authors: Beyer Ross A. , Robbins Stuart J. , Beddingfield Chloe , Bierson Carver J. , Ennico Kimberly , Lauer Tod R. , McKinnon William B. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Runyon Kirby , Olkin Catherine B. , Schenk Paul M. , Singer Kelsi N. , Spencer John R. , Stern S. Alan , Weaver Harold A. , Young Leslie A. ,   The New Horizons Science Team
Published: July 2021

New Horizons images of the illuminated nonencounter hemisphere (far side) of Charon display geomorphic features that are consistent with features observed in the highest-resolution images of the encounter hemisphere. Scarps, ridges, craters, and one area of smooth plains are identified. These features support previous hypotheses of global expansion and large-scale faulting across this icy world.
Transmission Spectroscopy of the Earth–Sun System to Inform the Search for Extrasolar Life
Authors: Mayorga L. C. , Lustig-Yaeger J. , May E. M. , Sotzen Kristin S. , Gonzalez-Quiles Junellie , Kilpatrick Brian M. , Martin Emily C. , Mandt Kathleen , Stevenson K. B. , Izenberg N. R.
Published: July 2021

Upcoming NASA astrophysics missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope will search for signs of life on planets transiting nearby stars. Doing so will require coadding dozens of transmission spectra to build up sufficient signal to noise while simultaneously accounting for challenging systematic effects such as surface/weather variability, atmospheric refraction, and stellar activity. To determine the magnitude and impacts of both stellar and planet variability on measured transmission spectra, we must assess the feasibility of stacking multiple transmission spectra of exo-Earths around their host stars. Using our own solar system, we can determine if current methodologies are sufficient to detect signs of life in Earth’s atmosphere and measure the abundance of habitability indicators, such as H2O and CO2, and biosignature pairs, such as O2 and CH4. We assess the impact on transmission spectra of Earth transiting across the Sun from solar and planetary variability and identify remaining unknowns for understanding exoplanet transmission spectra. We conclude that a satellite observing Earth transits across the Sun from beyond L2 is necessary to address these long-standing concerns about the reliability of coadding planet spectra at UV, optical, and infrared wavelengths from multiple transits in the face of relatively large astrophysical systematics.
Philosophie critique et philosophie politique
Authors: Krtolica Igor
Published: July 2021

L’affinité de Deleuze avec Spinoza a été précoce, profonde et constante. Mais la chronologie de l’œuvre deleuzienne montre surtout que la présence de Spinoza y a été particulièrement intense autour de la décennie 1970, c’est-à-dire de part et d’autre de L’Anti-Œdipe et de Mille plateaux , comme si elle encadrait la philosophie politique deleuzo-guattarienne. C’est cette histoire dont nous restituons ici quelques éléments, afin de montrer comment l’évolution de la lecture deleuzienne de Spinoza a suivi les développements de la philosophie politique deleuzo-guattarienne.
Amsterdam-Naples. Aller et retour
Authors: Moreau Pierre-François
Published: July 2021

Un détail dans la Vie de Spinoza rédigée par Colerus a pu faire penser que l’auteur du Traité théologico-politique s’était, dans un dessin, représenté sous les traits de Masaniello le chef de l’insurrection de Naples en 1647. Est-ce compatible avec la critique des révolutions, et notamment du tyrannicide, que l’on croit pouvoir lire dans le Traité  ? En fait, l’analyse spinozienne des bouleversements des États est plus nuancée : l’indignation qui est à la base des révolutions peut être parfois conforme à la Raison ; et le jugement porté sur le peuple est différent suivant qu’il s’agit d’une foule esclave animée par la crainte ou d’une multitude libre animée par l’espérance.
Le schizophrène et les trois genres de connaissance
Authors: Lippi Silvia
Published: July 2021

Y a-t-il un rapport entre l’idée adéquate de Spinoza et la pensée inconsciente chez Freud ? Nous pouvons en effet envisager la fin de l’analyse comme un parcours entre les différentes structures cliniques : névrose, psychose et perversion. Le schizophrène arrive d’emblée à réaliser ce parcours : il traverse la limite entre les structures, en affirmant simultanément leurs différences. Le problème se pose au niveau du lien social, où le schizophrène est blâmé et mis à l’écart : son dire reste en dehors de tout discours établi, écrit Lacan dans L’étourdit . Comment penser alors la force politique du corps sans organes du schizophrène ? Et en quoi relève-t-il, selon notre hypothèse, du troisième genre de connaissance ?
Enjeux et jalons géographiques du vieillissement dans les quartiers politique de la ville
Authors: Blanchet Mickaël
Published: July 2021

Objectiver la situation du vieillissement dans les quartiers politique de la ville, tel est le but de Mickaël Blanchet, géographe associé au Gérontopôle Pays-de-la-Loire, chercheur associé à l’université d’Angers. À partir d’une étude conduite dans 10 quartiers, l’auteur dépeint avec finesse une réalité démographique et sociale, il dégage quelques spécificités propres aux quartiers prioritaires et insiste sur l’adaptation nécessaire des politiques publiques face aux enjeux du vieillissement.
Âgés, isolés, précaires : les invisibles des quartiers politique de la ville
Authors: Senécal Isabelle
Published: July 2021

Les quartiers politique de la ville n’échappent pas à l’important vieillissement de leurs habitants, conjugué à une forte précarité et un urbanisme qui n’a pas été conçu pour l’avancée en âge. Isabelle Sénécal, responsable du pôle plaidoyer/relations presse aux Petits Frères des Pauvres, souligne l’invisibilité des personnes âgées exacerbée par la mise en œuvre récurrente de politiques publiques orientées essentiellement depuis quarante ans vers la jeunesse ou l’insécurité. Elle explique que la crise sanitaire n’a pas, bien au contraire, atténué l’invisibilité des aînés dans ces quartiers, au risque de renforcer encore plus l’isolement et l’exclusion.
La convivialité et l’échange intergénérationnel au service des aînés
Authors: Devise Isabelle
Published: July 2021

La solitude peut être un des facteurs aggravant les conditions de vie des personnes âgées, a fortiori quand elles résident en quartier prioritaire. Pour combattre cet isolement, de multiples initiatives voient le jour, parmi lesquelles la mission Intergénéreux. À Saint-Fons, en plus des actions des volontaires d’Unis-Cité, des temps d’échanges collectifs sont proposés en partenariat avec les bailleurs. Isabelle Devise, biographe, présente cette initiative qui favorise le lien intergénérationnel et l’autonomie des aînés.
Sport, culture, loisirs… au programme pour les aînés des quartiers populaires
Authors: Olivieri Laura
Published: July 2021

Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité et souhaitant donner à voir quelques exemples menés en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Labo Cités propose à travers l’illustration ci-contre un panorama des divertissements et des activités de vie sociale des aînés des quartiers populaires.
Quand la politique de la ville s’intéresse aux personnes âgées : retour sur des initiatives dans l’agglomération grenobloise
Authors: Pollier Marion
Published: July 2021

Au local, comment la politique de la ville traite-t-elle les enjeux du vieillissement ? Zoom sur les évolutions à l’œuvre au sein du territoire de la métropole de Grenoble à l’occasion d’un entretien croisé entre Claire Namy, chargée de mission santé à la direction cohésion sociale et politique de la ville de Grenoble-Alpes Métropole, Carole Begou, coordinatrice du contrat local de santé, et Hélène Joseph, chargée de projets sociaux transversaux au CCAS d’Échirolles.
Aidons les aidants familiaux !
Authors: Leplat Fleur , Ribes Gérard
Published: July 2021

Si certaines personnes se retrouvent seules et sans entourage à la fin de leur existence, les solidarités familiales envers les plus âgés n’ont pour autant pas disparu. Actuellement, l’accompagnement à la perte d’autonomie et au maintien à domicile est largement assuré par les aidants familiaux, ce qui n’est pas sans conséquence pour leur propre existence. C’est ce que Fleur Leplat, coordinatrice de Métropole aidante 1 , et Gérard Ribes, psychiatre et membre du comité exécutif de France Répit, tiennent à mettre en lumière.
Les centres sociaux, acteurs de l’accompagnement du vieillissement par le lien social
Authors: Coulmain Cécile , Gautier Pascale
Published: July 2021

Pour beaucoup de centres sociaux, le vieillissement de la population constitue désormais un axe d’engagement à part entière, que ce soit par le nombre de bénévoles présents dans les instances et les activités ou les publics et les types d’actions proposées. Cécile Coulmain, chargée de communication, et Pascale Gautier, déléguée générale de la Fédération des centres sociaux du Rhône, analysent par le menu ces évolutions et insistent sur le rôle des centres sociaux dans le maintien du lien social.
La crise Covid-19 racontée par un médecin de quartier
Authors: Rebeille Borgella Vincent
Published: July 2021

S’il y a une chose que notre société doit retenir de la pandémie de Covid-19, c’est l’impérieuse nécessité, pour les personnes âgées plus particulièrement, de maintenir du lien physique. C’est le message de Vincent Rebeille, médecin généraliste exerçant depuis trente-sept ans en quartier prioritaire 1 . À travers son témoignage, il dépeint ce qu’il nomme la « fracture humaine » telle qu’il l’a observée en tant que médecin et exhorte à reconsidérer l’usage que nous faisons des technologies de communication.
Excrement, Scale, and the Politics of Neglect: How Life Politics Became Progressive Critique
Authors: Stamatopoulou-Robbins Sophia
Published: July 2021

Cet article est le fruit d’un terrain de recherche de plusieurs années en Palestine et s’appuie sur trois arguments qui se répondent. Tout d’abord, contrairement à ce qui a été soutenu, l’établissement d’une politique de la mort remonte aux années 1970 et non à celles de la deuxième Intifada (2000-2006). Une politique de la mort est caractérisée par le mépris à l’égard de la vie humaine, notamment par le meurtre et l’utilisation de « boucliers humains ». Le caractère superflu de la vie des Palestiniens apparaît très clairement dans la politique israélienne de gestion des eaux usées et cela, bien avant Oslo. La gestion des excréments s’inscrit dans cette première politique de la mort en exposant les Palestiniens à la toxicité des matières fécales mais aussi parce que cette politique confisque aux communautés locales palestiniennes les outils démocratiques dont ils disposent pour protéger la vie à l’échelle municipale. Enfin, Oslo a modifié la manière dont la gestion des excréments conditionne la vie politique. En effet, l’AP s’est concentrée sur la gestion des eaux usées – à grande échelle et à long terme – tout en mettant l’accent sur la protection des Palestiniens à naître. Ce faisant, elle a maintenu les pouvoirs municipaux impuissants face à la vie biologique. Nous appelons « politique de la négligence » la forme de pouvoir qui en résulte. Nous concluons en suggérant que les efforts des résidents pour rendre la vie plus supportable par rapport à la gestion des excréments sont devenus des pôles critiques et anti-hégémoniques dans la ré-articulation des impératifs nationaux.
Stigmatisation de l’entrepreneur post -faillite par le chargé d’affaires : quel impact du statut des banques sur le financement d’un nouveau projet ?
Authors: Elkaoukabi Salma , Cusin Julien , Hamet Joanne , Maymo Vincent
Published: July 2021

Les entrepreneurs post-faillite (EPF) sont généralement stigmatisés, voire discriminés dans l’accès aux ressources financières en cas de nouveau projet. Les banques coopératives sont toutefois réputées reposer sur un socle de valeurs éthiques et sociales différentes de celles des banques capitalistes. Aussi, nous nous demandons si les valeurs affichées par les banques françaises influencent la décision des chargés d’affaires de financer le projet d’un EPF. A travers 12 entretiens avec des chargés d’affaires appartenant à deux banques capitalistes et deux banques coopératives, nous montrons, en l’occurrence, qu’il existe une forte convergence dans la perception d’une demande de financement émanant d’un EPF.
Produits de terroir versus produits locaux : une perception différenciée selon deux cultures alimentaires française et québécoise
Authors: Batat Wided
Published: July 2021

Cet article explore la perception des produits de terroir et locaux à travers une étude qualitative interculturelle effectuée auprès d’un groupe de 30 consommateurs en France et au Québec. Les résultats mettent en avant cinq dimensions expliquant les perceptions différenciées dans les deux cultures : fonctionnelle, identitaire, résistance, émotionnelle et relationnelle. Au-delà de l’intérêt managérial pour les producteurs de bien connaître leurs cibles en identifiant leurs significations culturelles, les résultats de cette étude contribuent à la compréhension des techniques de promotion en adaptant le discours et les offres en matière de produits de terroir/locaux français aux caractéristiques des différentes cultures alimentaires au niveau international.
Attractors and pullback dynamics for non-autonomous piezoelectric system with magnetic and thermal effects
Authors: Freitas Mirelson M. , Ramos Anderson J. A. , Dos Santos Manoel J. , Fonseca Eraldo R. N.
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with the study of the pullback dynamics of a piezoelectric system with magnetic and thermal effects and subjected to small perturbations of non-autonomous external forces with a parameter \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document}. The existence of pullback exponential attractors and the existence of pullback attractors for the associated non-autonomous dynamical system are proved. Finally, the upper-semicontinuity of pullback attractors as \begin{document}$ \epsilon\to0 $\end{document} is shown.
On the compactness threshold in the critical Kirchhoff equation
Authors: Hasani Erisa , Perera Kanishka
Published: July 2021

We study a class of critical Kirchhoff problems with a general nonlocal term. The main difficulty here is the absence of a closed-form formula for the compactness threshold. First we obtain a variational characterization of this threshold level. Then we prove a series of existence and multiplicity results based on this variational characterization.
On an asymptotically log-periodic solution to the graphical curve shortening flow equation
Authors: Tsai Dong-Ho ,   Department of Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Wang Xiao-Liu ,   School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
Published: July 2021

With the help of heat equation, we first construct an example of a graphical solution to the curve shortening flow. This solution $ y\left(x, t\right) \ $has the interesting property that it converges to a log-periodic function of the form

   \begin{document}$ A\sin \left( \log t\right) +B\cos \left( \log t\right) $\end{document}

as$ \ t\rightarrow \infty, \ $where $ A, \ B $ are constants. Moreover, for any two numbers $ \alpha < \beta, \ $we are also able to construct a solution satisfying the oscillation limits

   \begin{document}$ \liminf\limits_{t\rightarrow \infty}y\left( x,t\right) = \alpha,\ \ \ \limsup\limits _{t\rightarrow \infty}y\left( x,t\right) = \beta,\ \ \ x\in K $\end{document}

on any compact subset$ \ K\subset \mathbb{R}. $
¿Un espacio rioplatense ampliado? Análisis de una economía agraria en el sur de Brasil (Triunfo y Santo Amaro, 1784-1849)
Authors: Osório Helen , Martirén Juan Luis
Published: July 2021

El artículo analiza la evolución de una economía agraria de frontera en el extremo meridional de Brasil entre 1784 y 1849. Los casos elegidos son las freguesias (parroquias) de Triunfo y Santo Amaro, localizadas en lo que actualmente es el estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Se trata de dos casos de peso geográfico y económico, ya que no sólo su establecimiento tuvo una importancia estratégica en el poblamiento de la frontera meridional portuguesa en América, sino que a la vez experimentaron un marcado crecimiento de la agricultura en el período colonial y de la industria de saladeros desde la década de 1820. A partir de la utilización de registros censales e inventarios post-mortem se busca mensurar los cambios y continuidades en la ganadería, la agricultura y en las estrategias de producción. Los resultados encontrados van muy en línea con los ya conocidos para Rio Grande do Sul en el período, y tienen ciertas coincidencias con los conocidos para el Río de la Plata.
La justicia de paz y las transformaciones en el gobierno de la ciudad (Rosario, 1852-1872)
Authors: De los Ríos Evangelina
Published: July 2021

El artículo estudia las transformaciones que experimentó la figura de los jueces de paz en Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina) entre 1852 y 1872. Se mostrará que estos cambios no respondieron a decisiones reglamentarias y judiciales, sino que deben ser pensados en el contexto de cómo se fue modificando la forma en que se gobernaba la ciudad. El objetivo que persigue esta investigación es examinar las redefiniciones de las funciones de estos jueces a partir de una reconstrucción del entramado de relaciones —políticas, judiciales, policiales, administrativas, etc.— en las cuales se hallaban insertos.
Masculinidades em trânsito: uma análise do curso online “Mas você vai de chinelo?”
Authors: Rosa Cristiano Eduardo da , Felipe Jane
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo analisamos o curso “Mas você vai de chinelo?”, criado pelo site PapodeHomem em parceria com a empresa Havaianas, que propõe que os homens tenham mais confiança para se vestir. Problematizamos alguns aspectos da capacitação, como divulgação, conteúdo e linguagem, com aporte nas teorizações dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos de Gênero em uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista de análise. O curso, gratuito e online, é dividido em 20 vídeo-aulas de 1 a 3 minutos e foram publicadas no último quadrimestre de 2019. Os resultados da análise apontam para representações de masculinidades que reiteram identidades fixas, por mais que o discurso da proposta seja de que cada um pode ter o seu próprio estilo. O referido curso opera com um ideal de homem tomando como base um sujeito que tem pouco tempo para o cuidado de si, não tem informações sobre como se vestir bem e que está preocupado com a sua imagem.
Internacionalização da Educação Superior: um convite à leitura de Jane Knight
Authors: Costa Alves Suiane , Schenatto da Rosa Carolina , Simões Neto José de Caldas
Published: July 2021

A internacionalização é um tema que tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço dentro das discussões sobre educação superior. Nesta resenha convidamos à leitura de “Internacionalização da educação superior: conceitos, tendências e desafios”, primeira obra escrita por Jane Knight traduzida para língua portuguesa. A publicação é fruto da parceria entre a autora e o Centro de Estudos Internacionais em Educação do PPG de Educação-Unisinos. Jane Knight, professora e pesquisadora vinculada ao Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE-University of Toronto), tem dedicado sua carreira a compreender e qualificar as discussões em torno da Internacionalização da Educação, sendo uma das primeiras autoras a definir teoricamente este conceito.
Epigenetic Analysis of the Chromatin Landscape Identifies a Repertoire of Murine Eosinophil-Specific PU.1-Bound Enhancers
Authors: Felton Jennifer M , Vallabh Sushmitha , Parameswaran Sreeja , Edsall Lee E , Ernst Kevin , Wronowski Benjamin , Malik Astha , Kotliar Michael , Weirauch Matthew T , Barski Artem , Fulkerson Patricia C , Rothenberg Marc E
Published: July 2021

Eosinophils develop in the bone marrow from hematopoietic progenitors into mature cells capable of a plethora of immunomodulatory roles via the choreographed process of eosinophilopoiesis. However, the gene regulatory elements and transcription factors (TFs) orchestrating this process remain largely unknown. The potency and resulting diversity fundamental to an eosinophil’s complex immunomodulatory functions and tissue specialization likely result from dynamic epigenetic regulation of the eosinophil genome, a dynamic eosinophil regulome. In this study, we applied a global approach using broad-range, next-generation sequencing to identify a repertoire of eosinophil-specific enhancers. We identified over 8200 active enhancers located within 1–20 kB of expressed eosinophil genes. TF binding motif analysis revealed PU.1 (Spi1) motif enrichment in eosinophil enhancers, and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel sequencing confirmed PU.1 binding in likely enhancers of genes highly expressed in eosinophils. A substantial proportion (>25%) of these PU.1-bound enhancers were unique to murine, culture-derived eosinophils when compared among enhancers of highly expressed genes of three closely related myeloid cell subsets (macrophages, neutrophils, and immature granulocytes). Gene ontology analysis of eosinophil-specific, PU.1-bound enhancers revealed enrichment for genes involved in migration, proliferation, degranulation, and survival. Furthermore, eosinophil-specific superenhancers were enriched in genes whose homologs are associated with risk loci for eosinophilia and allergic diseases. Our collective data identify eosinophil-specific enhancers regulating key eosinophil genes through epigenetic mechanisms (H3K27 acetylation) and TF binding (PU.1).
Enhancement of Mast Cell Degranulation Mediated by Purinergic Receptors’ Activation and PI3K Type δ
Authors: Nishi Haruhisa , Niyonsaba François , Pelleg Amir , Schulman Edward S
Published: July 2021

Mast cells express multiple metabotropic purinergic P2Y receptor (P2YR) subtypes. Few studies have evaluated their role in human mast cell (HMC) allergic response as quantified by degranulation induced by cross-linking the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). We have previously shown that extracellular nucleotides modify the FcεRI activation-dependent degranulation in HMCs derived from human lungs, but the mechanism of this action has not been fully delineated. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of activation of P2YRs on the degranulation of HMCs and elucidate the specific postreceptor pathways involved. Sensitized LAD2 cells, a human-derived mast cell line, were subjected to a weak allergic stimulation (WAS) using a low concentration of Ag in the absence and presence of P2YR agonists. Only the metabotropic purinergic P2Y11 receptor (P2Y11R) agonist, adenosine 5'-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATPγS), enhanced WAS-induced degranulation resulting in a net 7-fold increase in release (n = 4; p < 0.01). None of the P2YR agonists tested, including high concentrations of ATPγS (1000 μM), enhanced WAS-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, an essential component of activated FcεRI-induced degranulation. Both a PI3K inhibitor and the relevant gene knockout decreased the ATPγS-induced enhancement. The effect of ATPγS was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of PI3K type δ and protein kinase B, but not the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. The effects of ATPγS were dose dependently inhibited by NF157, a P2Y11R antagonist. To our knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that P2YR is linked to enhancement of allergic degranulation in HMC via the PI3K/protein kinase B pathway.
CD22 Controls Germinal Center B Cell Receptor Signaling, Which Influences Plasma Cell and Memory B Cell Output
Authors: Meyer Sarah J , Steffensen Marie , Acs Andreas , Weisenburger Thomas , Wadewitz Charlotte , Winkler Thomas H , Nitschke Lars
Published: July 2021

Germinal center reactions are established during a thymus-dependent immune response. Germinal center (GC) B cells are rapidly proliferating and undergo somatic hypermutation in Ab genes. This results in the production of high-affinity Abs and establishment of long-lived memory cells. GC B cells show lower BCR-induced signaling when compared with naive B cells, but the functional relevance is not clear. CD22 is a member of the Siglec family and functions as an inhibitory coreceptor on B cells. Interestingly, GC B cells downregulate sialic acid forms that serve as high-affinity ligands for CD22, indicating a role for CD22 ligand binding during GC responses. We studied the role of CD22 in the GC with mixed bone marrow chimeric mice and found a disadvantage of CD22−/− GC B cells during the GC reaction. Mechanistic investigations ruled out defects in dark zone/light zone distribution and affinity maturation. Rather, an increased rate of apoptosis in CD22−/− GC B cells was responsible for the disadvantage, also leading to a lower GC output in plasma cells and memory B cells. CD22−/− GC B cells showed a clearly increased calcium response upon BCR stimulation, which was almost absent in wild-type GC B cells. We conclude that the differential expression of the low-affinity cis CD22 ligands in the GC normally results in a strong attenuation of BCR signaling in GC B cells, probably due to higher CD22-BCR interactions. Therefore, attenuation of BCR signaling by CD22 is involved in GC output and B cell fate.
Fascite necrotizzante: caso clinico
Authors: Petracca Giovanni , Zappia Francesco , Maccarone Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

La Fascite Necrotizzante (FN) è un’infezione dei tessuti molli caratterizzata da un’estesa necrosi del tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo, delle strutture neurovascolari e della fascia. La caratteristica del caso clinico da noi trattato è stata l’aggressività e la rapida progressione della malattia. Una donna di 59 anni giungeva alla nostra osservazione in condizioni molto gravi con febbre e un’estesa area necrotica maleodorante in regione inguino-femorale destra con estensione alla coscia. In anamnesi nessuna patologia pregressa. Obesità. La minima cellulite cutanea presente all’esordio della malattia avrebbe potuto causare un ritardo nella diagnosi e ciò avrebbe potuto determinare una rapida progressione della malattia verso lo shock, l’insufficienza multiorgano e, in ultima analisi, la morte. La tomografia computerizzata e la risonanza magnetica possono essere utili nei casi in cui i segni sono dubbi o la diagnosi è incerta. Presenteremo di seguito una revisione dettagliata della letteratura e descriveremo le attuali modalità di trattamento. Nel caso in questione, lo sbrigliamento chirurgico aggressivo, la gestione medica della sepsi e delle comorbidità e la tempestiva chiusura della ferita mediante innesto dermo-epidermico sono stati fondamentali per un esito favorevole della patologia. La FN è una rara infezione dei tessuti molli pericolosa per la vita che si diffonde rapidamente e progressivamente lungo la fascia profonda. La prognosi dipende da una diagnosi accurata e da un trattamento immediato.
Management and antisepsis in wound care: The experience of an Italian region (Liguria) in the treatment of older people affected by chronic ulcers
Authors: Parodi Aurora , Messina Valeria Maria , Cannavale Teresa , Sorbara Stefania , Pestarino Andrea Francesco , Cozzani Emanuele Claudio
Published: July 2021

Liguria is one of the Italian regions with the highest percentage of elderly people. The European Union declared the region as a “reference site”, for experimenting cutting-edge solutions and assistance models in health management of elderly people. Chronic ulcers become a problem of considerable importance looking at the number of involved elderly patients and of the necessary resources for their care, as well for the impact on the patient’s quality of life, due to the painful and limiting nature of the pathology. This study aims to evaluate the appropriate wound management in older people affected by chronic ulcers. A group of wound care experts operating in the Liguria region met with the aim of reviewing the epidemiology of chronic skin lesions, analyzing the diagnostic/therapeutic approach currently in use, focusing on the importance of the antisepsis in wound management. In Liguria region general practitioners reported a 3.9% prevalence of chronic skin lesions in 2018, and up to 7.35% in women over 85 years; about 90% of the lesions managed at home were pressure lesions. An overall assessment of the patient and the lesion, appropriate cleansing and antisepsis phases and a multidisciplinary management are essential to facilitate the wound’s healing process among the elderly.
Associations of Strength and Spatiotemporal Gait Variables With Knee Loading During Gait After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lyle Mark A. , Jensen Jake C. , Hunnicutt Jennifer L. , Brown Jonathan J. , Chambliss Cynthia P. , Newsome Michael A. , Xerogeanes John W. , Tsai Liang-Ching
Published: July 2021

Context

Altered knee moments are common during gait in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Modifiable factors that influence knee moments and are feasible to record in clinical settings such as strength and spatiotemporal values (eg, step length, step width) have not been identified in persons after ACLR.

Objective

To identify strength and spatiotemporal gait values that can predict knee moments in persons after ACLR.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-three individuals with ACLR (14.4 ± 17.2 months post-ACLR).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Peak knee-flexion and -adduction moments were measured while the participants walked at self-selected speeds. Peak isokinetic knee-extensor strength (60°/s) was recorded on a dynamometer, and spatiotemporal gait values were recorded using a pressure walkway. Pearson coefficients were calculated to examine the association of peak knee moments with strength and gait values. Variables correlated with peak knee-flexion and -adduction moments were entered into a stepwise regression model.

Results

Knee-extensor strength and step width were the strongest predictors of knee-flexion moment, accounting for 44% of the variance, whereas stance-phase time and step width were the strongest predictors of knee-adduction moment, explaining 62% of the variance.

Conclusions

The identified spatiotemporal variables could be clinically feasible targets for biofeedback to improve gait after ACLR.
Association of Quality of Life With Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Davis-Wilson Hope C. , Thoma Louise M. , Longobardi Lara , Franz Jason R. , Blackburn J. Troy , Hackney A. C. , Pietrosimone Brian
Published: July 2021

Context

Better knee function is linked to psychological readiness to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Individuals with ACLR participate in less physical activity than matched uninjured control individuals, yet the association between knee function and physical activity post–ACLR remains unclear.

Objective

To determine the associations between (1) patient-reported knee function measured using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Knee-Related Quality of Life (KOOS-QOL), daily steps, and minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of individuals with ACLR and (2) KOOS-QOL and daily steps and MVPA in individuals with ACLR who presented with (ie, symptomatic) or without (ie, asymptomatic) clinically meaningful knee-related symptoms.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory, free-living conditions.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 66 individuals with primary unilateral ACLR (36 women, 30 men; age = 22 ± 4 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.1 m, mass = 71.3 ± 12.6 kg, body mass index = 24.2 ± 2.9, time post–ACLR = 28 ± 33 months).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We collected KOOS data and retrospectively stratified participants into those with (symptomatic group, n = 30) or without (asymptomatic group, n = 36) clinically meaningful knee-related symptoms based on previously defined KOOS cutoffs. We assessed daily steps and MVPA using accelerometers that participants wore on the right hip for 7 days. We conducted linear regressions to determine associations between KOOS-QOL and daily steps and MVPA.

Results

In the entire sample, no associations existed between KOOS-QOL and daily steps (ΔR2 = 0.01, P = .50) or MVPA (ΔR2 = 0.01, P = .36). In the symptomatic group, a greater KOOS-QOL was associated with more time in MVPA (ΔR2 = 0.12, P = .05). In the asymptomatic group, no associations were identified between the KOOS-QOL and daily steps and MVPA.

Conclusions

Individuals with symptoms post–ACLR who spent more time in MVPA reported higher QOL.
Management of Cardiovascular Risk in Perimenopausal Women with Diabetes
Authors: Kim Catherine
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in women and men with diabetes. Due to age and worsening of risk factors over the menopausal transition, risk of coronary heart disease events increases in postmenopausal women with diabetes. Randomized studies have conflicted regarding the beneficial impact of estrogen therapy upon intermediate cardiovascular disease markers and events. Therefore, estrogen therapy is not currently recommended for indications other than symptom management. However, for women at low risk of adverse events, estrogen therapy can be used to minimize menopausal symptoms. The risk of adverse events can be estimated using risk engines for the calculation of cardiovascular risk and breast cancer risk in conjunction with screening tools such as mammography. Use of estrogen therapy, statins, and anti-platelet agents can be guided by such calculators particularly for younger women with diabetes. Risk management remains focused upon lifestyle behaviors and achieving optimal levels of cardiovascular risk factors, including lipids, glucose, and blood pressure. Use of pharmacologic therapies to address these risk factors, particularly specific hypoglycemic agents, may provide some additional benefit for risk prevention. The minimal benefit for women with limited life expectancy and risk of complications with intensive therapy should also be considered.
Development and effects of a psychosocial adaptation program for North Korean adolescent defectors
Authors: Lee In-Sook , Jeon Jung-Hee
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a psychosocial adaptation program for North Korean adolescent defectors.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 28 North Korean adolescent defectors who were recruited through alternative schools. The experimental and control groups consisted of 14 participants each. A program was conducted across eight sessions, each lasting about 90-120 minutes. The data were analyzed using the x2 test, t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of covariance.Results: No significant differences were observed in the score changes for psychosocial adaptation (t=0.25, p=.808), post-traumatic stress symptoms (t=0.32, p=.749), cultural adaptation stress (t=0.05, p=.957), and self-efficacy (t=0.35, p=.726) in either group before and after the intervention. No intergroup differences were observed for psychosocial adaptation (t=0.12, p=.902), post-traumatic stress symptoms (t=0.07, p=.946), cultural adaptation stress (t=0.01, p=.994), and self-efficacy (t=0.58, p=.570).Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychosocial adaptation, stress, and self-efficacy cannot be improved by a short-term intervention program alone. It was also determined that the cultural characteristics of the North Korean adolescent defectors were not sufficiently considered before implementing the program. Therefore, it is essential to provide an in-depth orientation for the participants before implementing the program.
Role of Autoantibodies in Infertility, Miscarriage, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes
Authors: Shen Hui-Hui , Lai Zhen-Zhen , Yang Hui-Li , Shi Jia-Wei , Li Ming-Qing
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Although considerable advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART), millions of couples still suffer from infertility and miscarriage. In a large number of cases, the etiology of these common reproductive failures remains unknown. However, the significance of autoantibodies in infertility and miscarriage has sparked extensive interest because of their pleiotropic roles in disrupting normal pregnancy. This review discusses the pleiotropic roles of a series of autoantibodies in infertility and miscarriage. A brief recapitulation of how the autoantibodies interfere with ART outcomes and treatments for this type of idiopathic infertility or miscarriage is also provided. While several disputes remain to be resolved, further studies employing better designs and larger sample sizes are required in view of the therapeutic potential of autoantibody inhibitors and the future of contraceptive vaccines.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Combined House Dust mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy and Omalizumab in Five Cases of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma
Authors: Kathuria P.C. , Rai Manisha
Published: July 2021

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-recognized treatment for altering the natural course of respiratory allergy which builds immune tolerance and prevents progression of allergic diseases. In our five cases of house dust mite (HDM)-driven allergic rhinitis and asthma, combined HDM Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (HDM-SCIT) for 2 years with omalizumab for more than 12 months has achieved disease remission in four cases and disease control in one case along with long-term effect for 3 years after discontinuation of AIT. We hypothesize that combining HDM-SCIT and omalizumab is a promising strategy as it is effective, safe, and synergistic having immune-modifying activity in cases of HDM-driven Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma.
Intraocular lens opacification
Authors: Jain Prateek , Pattnaik Anshuman
Published: July 2021

Intraocular lens (IOL) opacification is an infrequent and often delayed complication of cataract surgery. However, correct diagnosis of the complication followed by appropriate management is crucial for effective treatment. In spite of exhaustive research, the authors were not able to find comprehensive literature comprising all facets of IOL opacification. This article hopes to address this deficiency. Detailed literature search on IOL opacification was carried out using PubMed Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The studies which adhered to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for this article.
The abracadabra of cycloplegics in clinching the diagnosis of accommodative spasm
Authors: Ramesh Shruthy Vaishali , Ray Prajnya , Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Ramesh Meena Kumari , Rajasekaran Ramesh
Published: July 2021

Accommodative spasm (AS) is a rare involuntary asthenopic condition occurring in children, adolescents and young adults who engage more in near work. It presents as a repetitive condition of accommodation, which shows a tendency to maintain accommodation in the absence of a stimulus. Here, we discuss in brief about AS with reference to a patient who reported to us with such a condition.
Comparison of photorefraction by photoscreener (PlusoptiXA12R) with autorefractometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy in children between 5 and 15 years
Authors: Kripa S. , Prabu V. Rajesh , Ranjini H. , Priyambada Parul , Muralidhar Venu
Published: July 2021

Aim:

The aim of the study is to compare the photorefraction values by photoscreener (PlusoptiXA12R, PO) with those of autorefractometer (AR) (TOPCON RM800) and cycloplegic retinoscopy (CR) in children.

Methods:

It was an observational cross-sectional analytical study with a sample size of 1000 eyes conducted over a duration of one year in a tertiary eye care center. Children in the age group of 5–15 years with refractive error were screened using photoscreener and AR in noncycloplegic state followed by CR. Interclass correlation and agreement were assessed for measurements taken by all three modalities. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. P < 0.05 was taken significant for all statistical tests. Positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were statistically analyzed. Receiver operative characteristic curve and area under the curve were plotted.

Results:

Refraction measurements by photoscreener had a strong positive correlation with measurements from CR and AR. Bland-Altman plots depicted the agreement for measurements taken by all three modalities. Sensitivity and specificity of values were high for photoscreener (PlusoptiXA12R) when compared with CR and AR.

Conclusion:

We conclude that photoscreener is a reliable alternative to AR and CR for detection of refractive error in children between 5 and 15 years of age.