bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D‐Chiro Inositol Supplementation and the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China
Authors: Chen Xinning , Du Zhimei , Zhang Zhanwei , Chen Danqing
Published: December 2024

To investigate the effect of D‐chiro inositol (DCI) supplementation on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Eligibility criteria included women aged ≥ 35 years old, with a pre‐pregnancy body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m2, having a family history of type 2 diabetes, having a history of GDM, polycystic ovary syndrome, or a history of delivering macrosomia infants. Participants who were recruited at a gestational age of 12–16 weeks, were randomly to receive either DCI 500 mg twice daily or to receive a placebo for 12 weeks. Outcome measured included the occurrence of GDM and other perinatal outcomes. Between 2020 and 2022, 276 participants were enrolled, with 139 in the DCI Group and 137 in the Control Group. Occurrence of GDM was significantly lower in the DCI group compared to that in placebo group (24.8% vs. 38.1%, p = 0.027). A significant difference was observed in the 1‐h glycemia during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (8.35 ± 1.55 vs. 8.81 ± 1.85, p = 0.043), however, no significant differences in the fasting glucose level or 2‐h glycemia between the two groups. The mean birth weight of newborns in the control group was significantly heavier than in the DCI group (3487.9 ± 437.7 g vs. 3341.6 ± 420.1 g, p = 0.011). Therefore, DCI supplementation in early pregnancy can reduce the occurrence of GDM in women at high risk.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 04801485
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Insights Into the Prebiotic Potential of Camellia Seed Oil for Enhancing Akkermansia muciniphila Proliferation In Vitro
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhu Yong , Mazhar Muhammad , Qin Likang
Published: December 2024

Camellia seed oil (CSO), a potential prebiotic agent, can significantly increase the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in mice gut microbiota following oral administration, this study aims to investigate the enhancing effect in vitro. The results showed that after 24‐h co‐cultivation with 0.5% (v/v) CSO, the growth of A. muciniphila increased from 11.61 ± 0.04 Log10CFU/mL to 12.17 ± 0.10 Log10CFU/mL (p < 0.05), accompanied by a reduction in the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) value of the media from −126.67 ± 1.78 mV to −117.33 ± 0.72 mV (p < 0.05). Additionally, squalene and (+)‐α‐tocopherol, bioactive compounds present in CSO, were found to promote A. muciniphila proliferation (squalene OD600: 1.086 ± 0.002, tocopherol OD600: 1.100 ± 0.003, DMSO control OD600: 0.991 ± 0.003, p < 0.0001). Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed 464, 121, and 194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 212, 160, and 156 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in A. muciniphila co‐cultivated with CSO after 4, 16, and 24 h, respectively (p < 0.05). The upregulated DEGs and DEMs were primarily enriched in pathways associated with energy generation (e.g., gap, icd, sucC, GOZ73_RS04175, succinate, phosphoenolpyruvate), nucleotide metabolism (e.g., mazG, deoxyguanosine), amino acid metabolism (e.g., argF, metK, L‐tyrosine), translation (e.g., rplO, rpmC), and environmental adaptation (e.g., murA, katE, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). These findings suggest that various bioactive compounds present in CSO exhibit prebiotic effects on the in vitro proliferation of A. muciniphila by facilitating nutrient utilization and environmental adaptation. This study provides insights into the extended utilization of CSO.
Extreme Phenotypic Variability of ACTG1‐Related Disorders in Hearing Loss
Authors: Bernardi Maria T. , Ramzan Memoona , Calderon Laura , Salvatore Franco , De Rosa Maria Agustina , Bivona Stephanie , Armando Romina , Vazquez Natalia , Azcoiti Maria Esnaola , Marti Marcelo A. , Arberas Claudia , Ropelato Maria Gabriela , Olha Silvina , Lam Byron L. , Telischi Fred F. , Tekin Mustafa , Walz Katherina
Published: December 2024

Hearing loss is the most common sensory defect in humans, affecting normal communication. In most cases, hearing loss is a multifactorial disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, but single‐gene mutations can lead to syndromic or non‐syndromic hearing loss. Monoallelic variants in ACTG1, coding for gamma (γ)‐actin, are associated with classical Baraitser‐Winter Syndrome type 2 (BRWS2, nonsyndromic deafness, and a variety of clinical presentations not fitting the original BRWS2 description or nonsyndromic deafness. Here two unrelated patients with ACTG1 variants are reported, having severe hearing loss as a common phenotype but with different clinical presentations, supporting the extreme variability of ACTG1‐related disorders.
Thinking About the Birth Father: Loss, Longing, Ambivalence, and Indifference Among Adopted Adolescents With Lesbian Mothers
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Brodzinsky David M.
Published: December 2024

Adopted youth often have contact with or at least information about birth family members—but such relationships or knowledge rarely extend to birth fathers. The current study explores ideas, feelings, and questions about birth fathers among youth raised by two mothers, including whether or not they desire contact. Interviews were conducted with 25 adolescents, ages 13–19 years. Thematic analysis of narratives revealed seven groups of respondents who displayed a range of interests, feelings, and contact desires in relation to birth fathers. Some adolescents had limited information about or interest in their birth fathers, others showed ambivalence and uncertainty, and still others voiced curiosity and strong interest. A few articulated a sense of a fathers ‘absence’ and a longing for a fatherly presence. The data are interpreted in the context of ambiguous loss, uncertainty management, and gender perspectives. Implications for future research, adoption practice, and adoptive parenting are considered.
Morphoanatomy and Histochemistry of Symplocos tetrandra (Mart.) Mart. (Symplocaceae)
Authors: Garcia Juliana de Fátima , Armstrong Lorene , da Rocha Leandro Taborda , dos Anjos Cíntia Aparecida , Fladzinski Karine Amorim , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Montrucchio Deise Prehs , Dias Josiane de Fátima Gaspari
Published: December 2024

The Symplocaceae family comprises 406 species, all of which are classified within a single genus, Symplocos Jacq., which is distributed across multiple continents. In Brazil, this genus is predominantly found in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado regions and is characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites, such as iridoids, terpenoids, and saponins with biological activities. Moreover, the literature research has unveiled the potential of this genus for antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti‐HIV applications. This research conducted morphoanatomical, histochemical studies using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the leaves and stems of Symplocos tetrandra (Mart.) Mart. Cross‐sections and paradermal were performed. The investigation revealed the presence of prismatic calcium oxalate crystal in petiole and druses calcium oxalate crystals, in petiole and leaf blade. Paracytic stomata on the abaxial surface, lignified pith in the stem, which was detected with the phloroglucinol staining. Oil bodies, uniseriate epidermis, and a thin lipidic cuticle were confirmed with Sudan III. These findings suggest potential anatomical markers for taxonomic classification of the species. The data obtained in this study contributes for species identification, and the presence of metabolites can guide future pharmacological investigation with S. tetrandra.
Ridge dimensional changes and implant stability utilizing the osseodensification protocol: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saqr Aziz M. , Ayilavarapu Srinivas , Gandhi Kavan , Lee Chun‐Teh , Stylianou Popi
Published: December 2024

Background

There is limited evidence on the effect of osseodensification drilling (OD) on alveolar ridge dimension changes and implant stability compared to standard drilling (SD). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both drilling protocols on ridge dimensional changes and implant stability.

Methods

Fifteen patients were recruited for a total of 20 pairs of implants. Pre‐ and postdrilling ridge widths were measured at the crest and 5 and 10 mm apical to the crest, using a premarked surgical guide as a reference to standardize recordings. Following implant placement, insertion torque and implant stability quotients (ISQ) were recorded. ISQ were also recorded at 3, 6, and 12 weeks post‐op. Six‐month post‐op changes in buccal bone thickness (BBT) were measured via pre‐op and post‐op cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) superimposition analysis.

Results

Greater ridge width changes were observed at the crest and 5 mm apical from the crest, favoring OD, with no difference at 10 mm. When comparing BBT 6 months post‐op, OD maintained BBT better than SD. Additionally, greater insertion torque, ISQ, and high implant stability (HIS) were observed following OD compared to SD.

Conclusion

OD results in greater ridge dimensional changes compared to SD following osteotomy preparation, predictably maintains BBT and reduces the risk of buccal dehiscence and resorption, obtains superior torque at placement, higher ISQ values, and a greater number of implants achieving HIS, which is maintained throughout the entire healing period.
Efficacy of Oral Rehabilitation Techniques in Patients With Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Saini Ravinder S. , Vyas Rajesh , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Heboyan Artak
Published: December 2024

Oral cancer commonly affects various parts of the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, gums, palate, and inner cheeks. Oral rehabilitation involves multiple approaches aimed at restoring and improving oral function, esthetics, and overall well‐being. This study assessed the functional outcomes and quality of life in patients who underwent rehabilitation following an oral cancer diagnosis. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Dimensions, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. The study included patients diagnosed with oral cancer who had undergone oral rehabilitation. Functional outcomes and quality of life were key selection criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed, and data were systematically extracted and analyzed. A significant relationship was observed between the type of maxillectomy and quality of life, with obturator retention and stability being critical factors. Radiotherapy was found to adversely impact oral function and implant survival rates, with a strong correlation between radiation treatment and reduced implant survival (p < 0.00001). Additionally, dentition and the timing of implant placement were associated with recurrence rates and adverse effects. The findings highlight the crucial role of oral rehabilitation in improving both functional outcomes and quality of life in oral cancer patients. This study underscores the importance of incorporating oral rehabilitation into oral cancer treatment to enhance patient recovery and overall health.
Power Clamping in Second Harmonic Generation Within an On‐Chip Lithium Niobate Microdisk
Authors: Fu Botao , Gao Renhong , Yao Ni , Lin Jintian , Wang Min , Qiao Lingling , Cheng Ya
Published: December 2024

On‐chip lithium niobate (LN) microresonator is regarded as a promising candidate for power clamping in second harmonic generation (SHG) owing to its high‐quality factor, small mode volume, and large nonlinear coefficient. To date, various theories have been proposed to describe the three‐wave mixing mechanism within a LN microresonator, while a comprehensive understanding of mode evolution and its impact on nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency especially for power clamping, is still limited. Here, the dual‐resonance detuning dynamics are investigated theoretically and the effect of mode chord angles on nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency is analyzed. Experimentally, two distinct power clamping points, including the normalized conversion efficiency of ≈38% mW−1 and output power of ≈1.2 mW, are separately observed in the same microresonator, consistent with the theoretical model. The results clarify the physical mechanism behind the power clamping in the observed SHG and offer a unique approach to achieving efficient and powerful SHG in LN microresonators.
Interpretable machine learning for stability and electronic structure prediction of Janus III–VI van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Shi Yudong , Zhang Yinggan , Wen Jiansen , Cui Zhou , Chen Jianhui , Huang Xiaochun , Wen Cuilian , Sa Baisheng , Sun Zhimei
Published: December 2024

Machine learning (ML) techniques have made enormous progress in the field of materials science. However, many conventional ML algorithms operate as “black‐boxes”, lacking transparency in revealing explicit relationships between material features and target properties. To address this, the development of interpretable ML models is essential to drive further advancements in AI‐driven materials discovery. In this study, we present an interpretable framework that combines traditional machine learning with symbolic regression, using Janus III–VI vdW heterostructures as a case study. This approach enables fast and accurate predictions of stability and electronic structure. Our results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy using the classification model for stability, based on formation energy, reaches 0.960. On the other hand, the R2, MAE, and RMSE value using the regression model for electronic structure prediction, based on band gap, achieves 0.927, 0.113, and 0.141 on the testing set, respectively. Additionally, we identify a universal interpretable descriptor comprising five simple parameters that reveals the underlying physical relationships between the candidate heterostructures and their band gaps. This descriptor not only delivers high accuracy in band gap prediction but also provides explicit physical insight into the material properties.
Ultra‐Large Virtual Screening: Definition, Recent Advances, and Challenges in Drug Design
Authors: Corrêa Veríssimo Gabriel , Salgado Ferreira Rafaela , Gonçalves Maltarollo Vinícius
Published: December 2024

Virtual screening (VS) in drug design employs computational methodologies to systematically rank molecules from a virtual compound library based on predicted features related to their biological activities or chemical properties. The recent expansion in commercially accessible compound libraries and the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and computational power – including enhanced central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), high‐performance computing (HPC), and cloud computing – have significantly expanded our capacity to screen libraries containing over 109 molecules. Herein, we review the concept of ultra‐large virtual screening (ULVS), focusing on the various algorithms and methodologies employed for virtual screening at this scale. In this context, we present the software utilized, applications, and results of different approaches, such as brute force docking, reaction‐based docking approaches, machine learning (ML) strategies applied to docking or other VS methods, and similarity/pharmacophore search‐based techniques. These examples represent a paradigm shift in the drug discovery process, demonstrating not only the feasibility of billion‐scale compound screening but also their potential to identify hit candidates and increase the structural diversity of novel compounds with biological activities.
A Polynomial Time Solvable Capacitated Arc Routing Problem on Regular Grid Graphs
Authors: Wan Qian , Ernst Andreas T. , García‐Flores Rodolfo , Bowly Simon , Kilby Philip
Published: December 2024

The general Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP) is a well‐known optimization problem where a set of edges must be visited by a fleet of vehicles. It is known to be NP‐hard, meaning that it cannot in general be solved efficiently (unless ). This article introduces a polynomial‐time solvable special case of the CARP on regular grid graphs that arises in a practical application for routing of agrochemical‐spraying vehicles. Regular grid graphs are divided into two categories, single‐layer and multi‐layer. By utilizing mathematical insights, we are able to obtain optimal solutions and generate path patterns for both categories of grid graphs. Several theorems are presented to demonstrate the characteristics of the solution patterns under various conditions. These findings allow arbitrarily large‐scale problems of this type to be solved efficiently. It is also hoped that a deeper understanding of the regular grid graph case may form the basis for future research on approximation methods for irregular grid graphs.
A fast hybrid 1D inversion approach for ground conductivity data
Authors: Christensen Niels Bøie , Jacobsen Bo Holm
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a fast hybrid inversion procedure for ground conductivity data. The frequency domain data from these instruments are close to obeying the low‐frequency approximation, however, not infrequently need to be treated in the QuasiStatic approximation with full induction. In this paper, we suggest a hybrid inversion approach consisting of three steps: the first one is an inversion in the low‐frequency approximation to assess the overall conductivity regime; followed by an inversion step in the Born approximation with a non‐zero half‐space reference model; the final inversion step is an accurate inversion in the QuasiStatic approximation. The first step is fully linear, while the next approach is a linearization of the first step of a full iterative inversion. The final inversion step uses full‐accuracy forward responses and approximate derivatives.

This hybrid inversion approach is very fast and covers all the needs of inversion of this type of data, from an almost instantaneous online/in‐field assessment of a set of measurements that offers a basis for making in‐field decisions, to an accurate inversion that produces final inversion models.
Sexual Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Older Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lee Haerim , Higgins Melinda K. , Song Mi‐Kyung
Published: December 2024

As little is known about sexual satisfaction among older (≥ 65 years) cancer survivors, this study examined sexual satisfaction defined as physical pleasure and emotional satisfaction in sexual relationships, including associated factors. This secondary analysis of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project round 3 data set included 173 partnered older cancer survivors. The data included ratings of physical pleasure, emotional satisfaction, importance of sexual activity, mental and physical health, and scores of sexual function (the presence of problems; if any, the extent of related bother) and social support and strain from partners. The sample's mean age was 74.30 years (SD = 6.36). Most were male (n = 120, 69.36%) and White (n = 139, 80.35%). Older adults reported they were “very” satisfied with sexual relationships both physically and emotionally: mean (SD) = 2.88 (1.01) and 3.18 (0.77), respectively. Seventy (40.46%) had problems with sexual function that were bothersome. Adjusted linear regression models showed physical pleasure was associated with perceived physical health (β = 0.22) and social support (β = 0.19); and emotional satisfaction was associated with social support (β = 0.39) and strain from partners (β = −0.23). Sexual function was not associated with sexual satisfaction. In conclusion, perceived health and social factors may be more influential than sexual function in older cancer survivors' sexual satisfaction, but future research is warranted to confirm these relationships. A focus on relational aspects of sexual health may provide a broader array of options to improve older cancer survivors' sexual satisfaction.
Residential Area Characteristics Are Associated With Asthma Burden in Children
Authors: Erkkola Riku , Gonzales‐Inca Carlos , Vahtera Jussi , Bergroth Eija , Korppi Matti , Camargo Carlos A. , Jartti Tuomas
Published: December 2024

Background

Wheezing illnesses, especially those triggered by rhinovirus infection, cause a major disease burden, and they often precede asthma. Environmental exposures are known to affect recurrence of wheezing. We investigated the relations of population density, greenness (forested areas), and socioeconomic factors of the living surroundings to the burden of asthma in children with prior bronchiolitis.

Methods

Three hundred and ninety‐four children, aged 0–24 months, with doctor‐diagnosed bronchiolitis were enrolled in the MARC‐30 Finland study. We assessed the children's early‐life exposures to greenness and socioeconomic factors using time‐series of Corine Land Cover data and Statistics Finland's grid data. We compared the living surroundings data to the prescription drug purchases and special asthma reimbursement benefits until the age 8 years; asthma data were from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.

Results

Children living in sparsely populated areas had lighter asthma disease burden than children living in densely populated ones, with burden measured in median bronchodilator (50DDD [defined daily dose] vs. 104DDD, p = 0.02) and inhaled corticosteroid (0DDD vs. 123DDD, p = 0.04) purchases. In the subgroup of children with rhinovirus‐induced bronchiolitis, children living in more forested areas developed asthma 10 months later than those with less forested areas (p = 0.04). Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with differences in asthma burden.

Conclusions

Sparsely populated areas and forested environments seem to have a beneficial association with children's respiratory health. These findings warrant further studies on the protective health effects of greenness and the type of biodiversity around homes.
The Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Hypertension Management of Adults in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dones Valentin , Velasquez Abigail Anne G. , Dacuya Maureen G. , Ignacio Kirsten Ermengild T. , Cavite Ella Teresa M. , Ibuna Ronan S. , Rimando Christian Rey D.
Published: December 2024

Background

Telemedicine has emerged as an effective approach for managing hypertension, particularly in rural areas where healthcare access is limited. This review evaluates telemedicine's role in providing essential remote healthcare services for hypertension management.

Objective

We determined the effectiveness of telemedicine versus the usual care in hypertension management among adults living in rural settings.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on adults aged 18 and older with hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) using telehealth services in rural or community‐based settings. We searched nine databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, up to April 2024, without restrictions on language or publication year, focusing only on human subjects. Five pairs of reviewers independently screened and selected studies using predefined eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool, and data synthesis was performed using a random‐effects model due to study heterogeneity. Evidence quality was evaluated using the GRADE approach.

Results

Nine randomized trials were included. Pooled data showed no clinically significant differences between telehealth and control groups in improving systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and their changes over time. The mean difference (MD) of SBP in five trials was 0.78 mmHg lower (95% CI: 2.49 lower to 0.94 higher), and the SBP change showed a mean reduction of 2.29 mmHg (95% CI: 4.76 lower to 0.19 higher). DBP in five trials had a mean increase of 0.46 mmHg (95% CI: 0.73 lower to 1.64 higher), and DBP change in six trials showed a mean decrease of 0.83 mmHg (95% CI: 2.34 lower to 0.68 higher). Additionally, telehealth showed varying impacts on BMI and HbA1c levels, with one study reporting a higher BMI increase in the intervention group, while two other studies indicated that mobile health improved HbA1c levels and controlled blood pressure as effectively as standard care.

Limitations

Study heterogeneity, selection, and performance biases, as well as varying healthcare contexts, limited the generalizability of findings.

Conclusion

Telemedicine is as effective as usual care in managing hypertension among adults in rural settings, providing a viable solution for improving healthcare access in these areas. Future research should address biases and explore long‐term impacts to optimize telemedicine's effectiveness in diverse populations.
Phototactic behavior and oviposition of seven species of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Authors: Liu Zhenguo , Zhang Keshi , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Phototactic behavior and oviposition site selection in phytoseiid predators are crucial for understanding their ecological interactions and optimizing their use in agricultural pest management. This study investigated the phototactic responses and oviposition preferences of seven phytoseiid species of proven or potential importance in biocontrol: Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor), Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), Amblyseius lentiginosus Denmark and Schicha, Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans), Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha), and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot. We hypothesized that these phytoseiid predators use light as a cue, with their phototactic behavior aligning with their respective lifestyles.

RESULTS

By presenting adults of these species with two choices (i.e. light and dark) in acrylic arenas, we found that P. persimilis exhibited a significant preference for light. In contrast, other species showed no phototactic preference. The phototactic preferences were similar between genders of all six sexually reproducing species tested in this study. Furthermore, the oviposition site preferences varied significantly among species. Gravid females of As. herbicolus, N. cucumeris, N. womersleyi, and P. persimilis preferred dark sites for egg laying, whereas Ad. limonicus and As. lentiginosus showed no light preference, and N. barkeri preferred light for oviposition.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the importance of light as an ecological factor influencing phytoseiid behavior and suggests that phototactic and oviposition preferences are adaptations to specific environmental niches. These findings have practical implications for enhancing the effectiveness of phytoseiids in pest management. Further research should investigate the mechanisms driving phototactic responses and light perception in these phytoseiid predators. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Burnout Among Labor and Birth Providers in Northern Tanzania: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Marchand Virginie , Watt Melissa H. , Minja Linda M. , Barabara Mariam L. , Hanson Olivia R. , Mlay Janeth , Stephens Maya J. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Cohen Susanna R.
Published: December 2024

Background

Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of accomplishment, is a serious problem among healthcare workers. Burnout negatively impacts provider well‐being, patient outcomes, and healthcare systems globally and is especially worrisome in settings with shortages of healthcare workers and resources.

Methods

This study explores the experience of burnout among labor and delivery (L&D) providers in Tanzania, using three data sources. A structured assessment of burnout was collected at four timepoints from a sample of 60 L&D providers in 6 clinics. The same providers participated in an interactive group activity from which we drew observational prevalence data. Finally, we conducted in‐depth interviews (IDIs) with 15 providers to further explore their experience of burnout.

Results

Prior to any introduction to the concept, 18% of respondents met criteria for burnout. Immediately after a discussion and activity on burnout, 62% of providers met criteria. One and 3 months later, 29% and 33% of providers met criteria, respectively. In IDIs, participants saw the lack of understanding of burnout as the cause for low baseline rates and attributed the subsequent decrease in burnout to newly acquired coping strategies. The activity helped them realize they were not alone in their experience of burnout. High patient load, low staffing, limited resources, and low pay emerged as contributing factors.

Conclusion

A lack of exposure to the concept of burnout leads to providers being unaware of the issue as a collective burden. Therefore, burnout remains rarely discussed and not addressed, thus continuing to impact provider and patient health.
Organic Phosphonium Side‐Chain Engineering in Metal Halide Glassy Scintillators for Enhanced X‐Ray Dynamic Imaging
Authors: Qiu Qiangwen , Zhang Guozhen , Chen Jingru , Di Yiming , Wu Liang , Chen Hongming , Chen Shan‐Ci , Lin Mei‐Jin
Published: December 2024

X‐ray imaging utilizing organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide (OIHMH) glassy scintillators has garnered significant attention. But their inferior radioluminescence makes achieving rapid image acquisition difficult, posing a persistent challenge for dynamic imaging. Herein, organic phosphonium halide side‐chain engineering is proposed, introducing bulky aromatic rings at the alkyl chain ends, to improve the radioluminescence of OIHMHs. For Mn(II)‐based OIHMHs, the (BUP)2MnCl4 (BUP = butyltriphenylphosphonium) powder has a low relative light yield (5400 photons MeV−1). After introducing a benzyl group, this value of (BnO‐MTP)2MnCl4 (BnO‐MTP = (benzyloxy)methyl) triphenylphonium) powder boosts to 60 000 photons MeV−1. The introduction of benzyl group can restrict molecular non‐radiative vibrations, increase exciton binding energy, enhance electron‐phonon coupling, and reduce self‐absorption, thus significantly improving exciton utilization and scintillation performance of (BnO‐MTP)2MnCl4. Besides, the transparent (BnO‐MTP)2MnCl4 glass has a low melting point (167 °C) and high relative light yield (26 000 photons MeV−1). When applied to X‐ray imaging, it can achieve static imaging with a spatial‐resolution of up to 24.6 lp mm−1 and clear dynamic imaging under X‐ray irradiation. Furthermore, this strategy also applies to Sb(III)‐based OIHMHs with self‐trapped exciton emissions, where (BnO‐MTP)2SbCl5 exhibits superior scintillation performance compared to (BUP)2SbCl5, demonstrating its broad applicability in constructing high‐performance OIHMH glassy scintillators.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and High ZT Beyond 1 Realized in Bi2S3 Nanocomposites via Bottom‐Up Structure Design
Authors: Yang Ze‐Yuan , Zhong Tian‐Yu , Zhang Yi‐Xin , Feng Jing , Ge Zhen‐Hua
Published: December 2024

Bismuth sulfides (Bi2S3), an n‐type thermoelectric material, in expensive, and environmentally friendly. However, it has poor electrical conductivity due to its low electron concentration, and its thermoelectric properties need improvement. By adjusting the properties of microstructural units and then designing and preparing bulk materials, the transport properties are modulated to optimize thermoelectric properties. The textured structure and metal Bi dispersed in grain boundaries improved the carrier mobility, the Cl dopingimproved carrier concentration. The textured structure and metalBi dispersed in grain boundaries improved the carrier mobility, the Cl dopingimproved carrier concentration. The Bi2S3‐Cl samples reduce using N2H4·H2O for 5 min at 673 K have a peak power factor (PF) reaching 676.6 µWm−1K−2, more than 6 times that of pristine Bi2S3. Furthermore, the point defects, dislocations, and the micropores caused by a part of Bivolatilization contribute to the strong phonon scattering, resulting in a low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.28 Wm−1K−1 at 623K. Due to the synergistically optimized electrical and thermal transport properties, the values of the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit (ZTmax) and the average thermoelectric figure of merit (ZTave) for the Bi2S3‐Cl samples reduce using N2H4·H2O for 5 min are 1.01 at ≈673 K and 0.63 (323–673 K), respectively. This study demonstrates that bottom‐up structure design can effectively strategize the improvement of thermoelectric performance.
Porous‐Skeleton‐Encapsulated Electronic Yarn: High‐Precision Pressure Sensing, Moisture Monitoring, and Personal Protection for Exercise Rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Zhao Chunyu , Lou Congcong , Mei Lin , Lu Liang , Wu Jianpeng , Xu Yunqi , Li Zimu , Liu Shuai , Gong Xinglong , Luo Tianzhi , Ma Honghao , Xuan Shouhu
Published: December 2024

The potential applications of smart electronic textiles (E‐textiles) in exercise rehabilitation are promising. However, there is still a high challenge in achieving multimodal signal output, high fidelity, and low detection limit measurements. This study describes a structure‐dependent dual‐mode moisture‐pressure sensing yarn (MACHy) that features a porous skeleton encapsulating the electrode core yarn through a chemical and physical crosslinking‐induced gelation process. The porous skeleton absorbs water and alters MACHy's resistance, endowing the excellent moisture detection performance. Meanwhile, the single MACHy is pressure‐insensitive. When the MACHy yarns interweave, a piezoresistive pressure sensor unit with a low detection limit (0.01 N), high fidelity, and wide detection range (50 N) is fabricated due to the elastic porous shell and the twisted electrode core yarn, which enlarges the deformation space. The scalable MACHy is further woven into an intelligent wristband, demonstrating both Bluetooth music control and wound exudate alarm. Finally, an intelligent knee pad combining machine learning to accurately identify knee poses is prepared. Moreover, the MACHy fabric exhibits controllable joint heating (25–85 °C), cefazolin sodium salt release (150 μg with 50 min), and electromagnetic interference shielding (30 dB) performance, which provides new insights into the design and application of multimodal sensing textiles.
Variation in resource use and potential competition for Walleye across seasons and habitats
Authors: Allex Lauren , Cutler Logan , Pfaff Peter , Blackwell Brian G. , Coulter Alison A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

We quantified seasonal changes in resource overlap among Walleye Sander vitreus, Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu, and Northern Pike Esox lucius in a glacial lake (Lake Kampeska, South Dakota) to evaluate potential competition. To determine whether habitat use might contribute to potential reduced competition for Walleye, we also compared resource use of Walleye in the lake to that of Walleye in a connected wetland.

Methods

We sampled our target species by using electrofishing and gill netting. We identified stomach contents to examine diet similarities, and we used Layman metrics and Bayesian ellipses to compare isotopic resource niches.

Result

Walleye had the greatest resource overlap with Smallmouth Bass, but overlap varied as diets changed seasonally. Multiple species exploited Yellow Perch Perca flavescens and White Bass Morone chrysops as prey, but only Walleye consumed bullheads Ameiurus spp. Walleye from the wetland had a distinct isotopic signature and broader isotopic niche, indicating a wetland resource signature.

Conclusion

Habitat diversity and connectivity in freshwater systems can limit the potential for intra- and interspecific competition while also increasing resilience to environmental change.
Stratification mitigates population-level effects of warmwater catch and release of Muskellunge in a southern reservoir
Authors: Hartman Kyle J. , Bauerlien Cory J. , Jenkins Peter I. , Crane Derek P. , Hansbarger Jeff
Published: December 2024

Objective

Muskellunge Esox masquinongy anglers and biologists have expressed concern about catch-and-release (C&R) mortality during summer months, especially in the southern portion of the species' range. Our objective was to quantify C&R mortality for Muskellunge in a southern reservoir.

Methods

We conducted a radiotelemetry study in Stonewall Jackson Lake, West Virginia, a reservoir in the southern portion of the Muskellunge's distribution that supports a popular trophy fishery. We estimated C&R and total mortality using radio-tagged fish and evaluated changes to size structure under simulated warmwater season closures.

Result

All mortalities of tagged fish occurred during the warmwater period, when surface water temperatures tended to exceed 25°C (i.e., June–August), regardless of whether fish were angled (3 of 27; 11.1%) or not (3 of 65; 4.6%). Simulated season closures yielded only small increases in the numbers of fish reaching preferred (≥1020-mm), memorable (≥1140-mm), and trophy (≥1270-mm) sizes across all simulations. Low mortality was likely due to the presence of ample thermal refuge availability within a well-defined thermocline in Stonewall Jackson Lake.

Conclusion

Although we observed greater survival of Muskellunge angled during the warmwater period than has been reported in previous work, their catchability was also greater, which may contribute to greater total mortality in high-use systems. Therefore, managers should consider the trade-offs between survival and catchability as functions of thermal refuge availability when developing Muskellunge management plans.
Effects of Ag ion substitution in zeolite and use of citric acid on the efficacy of antimicrobial properties of EVA‐PE composite films
Authors: Im Sera , Lee Jun‐Young , Seo Jongchul , Bai Jaewoo , Jeon Myeong‐Su , Min Sea C.
Published: December 2024

Porous zeolites substituted with Ag ions (Ag[zeolite]) or citric acid‐dealuminated Ag[zeolite] (CA‐Ag[zeolite]) were incorporated into an ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyethylene (PE) copolymer using an extrusion process. The antimicrobial effects of the resulting films were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Human coronavirus 229E, and their physical and tensile properties were examined. CA‐Ag[zeolite] exhibited superior antibacterial results compared to Ag[zeolite] for both bacteria, and the CA‐Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE film demonstrated higher antimicrobial effects against the tested microorganisms than the Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE film. Surface elemental analysis, determination of the specific surface areas, and pore size investigations demonstrated that CA‐Ag[zeolite] possessed higher hydrothermal stability than the zeolite or Ag[zeolite] alone. Furthermore, the CA‐Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE film exhibited a higher L* value and lower a* and b* values than the Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE film along with lower absorbance. The former also demonstrated higher tensile strength and moisture permeability, in addition to lower roughness values on both its cross‐section and surface. Moreover, the Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE and CA‐Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE films exhibited higher thermal decomposition temperatures than the EVA‐PE composite. Overall, the CA‐Ag[zeolite]‐EVA‐PE film showed potential for use as a novel antimicrobial film for application in food packaging and kitchen utensil coating materials.

Highlights

Antimicrobials were prepared with EVA/PE, Ag[zeolite], and citric acid (CA)

EVA/PE films containing Ag[zeolite] and CA showed strong antimicrobial effects

CA addition improved Ag[zeolite] distribution in the film and the film color

CA addition enhanced the tensile, moisture barrier, and thermal properties

Potential applications include antimicrobial packaging and utensil coatings
Segmental versus extended colectomy for colorectal cancer in patients with lynch syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pasqualotto Eric , Pompeu Bernardo Fontel , Braga Marcelo A. P. , Delgado Lucas Monteiro , Chavez Matheus Pedrotti , Morgado Ferreira Rafael Oliva , Pasqualotto Tales , Morbach Victória , Formiga Fernanda Bellotti
Published: December 2024

Background

The decision to perform segmental or extended colectomy in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to provide updated evidence for segmental versus extended colectomy in LS carriers with CRC.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published until January 2024 comparing segmental and extended colectomies for CRC in patients with LS. Risk ratio (RR) was used to evaluate binary endpoints with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics. Statistical analysis was performed using the R Software, version 4.2.3.

Results

A total of 14 studies comprising 2303 LS carriers with CRC, of whom 1724 (74.9%) patients underwent segmental colectomy and 579 (25.1%) patients underwent extended colectomy. Segmental colectomy significantly increased metachronous CRC (mCRC) (RR 2.87; 95% CI 2.03–4.07; and p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between groups for 5‐year overall survival (OS) (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.82–1.03; and p = 0.14), 10‐year OS (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.96–1.04; and p = 0.80), and mortality (RR 1.63; 95% CI 0.90–2.97; and p = 0.11). There were no significant linear associations between the outcome of mCRC and age at the time of primary CRC, sex, primary CRC location, and pathogenic LS variant.

Conclusion

In this meta‐analysis, segmental colectomy significantly increased mCRC compared with extended colectomy after the first surgery for CRC in patients with LS. However, there were no significant differences between groups for 5‐ and 10‐year OS and mortality.
Clinical significance of the Naples prognostic score in predicting short‐ and long‐term postoperative outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hosoda Kiyotaka , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Sakai Hiroki , Hayashi Hikaru , Yasukawa Koya , Soejima Yuji
Published: December 2024

Background

The Naples prognostic score (NPS) is a remarkable marker of short‐ and long‐term outcomes in various types of cancer. However, its impact on the postoperative outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify the impact of the NPS on the prognosis and incidence of postoperative complications in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 374) were categorized into high‐ and low‐Naples prognostic score groups; their postoperative outcomes were compared. Prognostic and risk factors for severe postoperative complications were identified using multivariate analyses.

Results

The low‐Naples prognostic score group had significantly longer overall and recurrence‐free survivals than the high‐Naples prognostic score group (p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed a superior predictive value of the NPS in the group with a single tumor (p = 0.03), tumor diameter ≤5 cm (p = 0.04), and tumor stage I or II (p = 0.04). A high NPS was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–2.05; and p = 0.04). The NPS 2–4 group had a higher incidence of the Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa postoperative complications than the 0–1 group (p = 0.03) and a score of 2–4 was identified as an independent risk factor for the Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa postoperative complications (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01–4.20; and p = 0.05).

Conclusions

The NPS effectively predicts postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Peristaltic flow of MHD Casson nanofluid with heat source/sink and thermal radiation
Authors: Nisar Zahid , Muhammad Khursheed , Aldosari F. M. , Elseesy Ibrahim E.
Published: December 2024

The significance of peristaltic activity in biological and biomedical engineering has recently received a lot of attention. Peristaltic pumping and heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic biological fluids are fascinating topics with a wide range of physiological applications. These applications include dialysis, medication injection, cardiac surgery equipment, and cancer treatments. In this work, we investigate the characteristics of Casson fluid and peristalsis in a symmetric elastic tube. Buongiorno nanofluid model is taken with the features of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The heat transfer mechanism is analyzed by acquiring the effects of heat dissipation, absorption/generation, and thermal radiation. A long wavelength is also anticipated when developing the flow model, which is predicated on a short Reynolds number. The non‐linear system of equations is numerically solved. Graphical outcomes are acquired to visualize the physical interpretation of several embedded parameters for heat transfer rate, concentration, velocity, and temperature.
Global well‐posedness in a three‐dimensional chemotaxis‐consumption model with singular sensitivity
Authors: Lu Yi , Jin Chunhua , Zhou Langhao
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present a three‐dimensional version of a dissipative chemotactic system with singular sensitivity coefficients,
Thus far, the comprehensive characterization of the impact of singular sensitivity on the existence of classical solutions in three‐dimensional systems remains incomplete due to the singularity effect. Even in two‐dimensional space, only global generalized solutions have been obtained for general initial values while results related to small initial values, are available for ensuring the global existence of classical solutions. In this direction, under some smallness assumptions on initial values, the present work provides some interesting contributions by establishing results on global boundedness by using the energy functional method, and especially on large time stabilization toward homogeneous equilibria.
Who Is Most at Risk?: Identifying the Risks for Mental Health Problems Related to Social Media
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Kruzan Kaylee P. , Szlyk Hannah , Reyes-Portillo Jazmin , Biernesser Candice , Jensen Michaeline , Zelazny Jamie , Primack Brian , Torous John , Weigle Paul
Published: December 2024

Although most adolescents use social media, not all experience negative effects on their mental health. Identifying which youths are most vulnerable to mental health problems related to social media remains a critical area of research to inform prevention. Currently, there is insufficient examination of the potential moderators of the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes, limiting our understanding. Research has primarily focused on which youths are most at risk on the basis of demographic factors and preexisting mental health problems. Findings suggest that cisgender girls, youths with minoritized identities, and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds or with preexisting mental health problems are at a greater risk for the negative effects of media on their mental health. Paradoxically, these same youths may also be more likely to benefit from social media. Youths who engage with media in problematic ways may also suffer from related mental health problems. However, most research fails to systematically examine these factors and employ limited methods. This chapter provides a summary of the current evidence on the role of social media in mental health, acknowledges its limitations, highlights directions for future research, and provides recommendations for diverse key stakeholders based on our current science to inform prevention efforts.