bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pacific‐Driven Salinity Variability in the Timor Passage Since 1777
Authors: Patterson Elizabeth W. , Cole Julia E. , Dyez Kelsey A. , Vetter Lael , Lough Janice
Published: December 2023

Salinity in the Indonesian seas integrates regional oceanographic and atmospheric processes, such as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and monsoon rainfall. Here we present a multicentury (1777–1983) δ18O coral record from Nightcliff Reef, located in the Timor Passage off the coast of northern Australia, which we use to infer local salinity change. We show that Australian monsoon rainfall and ITF influence salinity at the study site. These reconstructed salinity changes in the Timor Passage correlate with changes in Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) modes, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). While environmental stress creates challenging conditions for coral growth, this record particularly tracks the central Pacific signature of ENSO‐driven interannual variability, in agreement with reconstructions of rainfall across northern Australia. The strength of interannual variance in the record follows fluctuations in other local ENSO‐sensitive rainfall reconstructions, demonstrating a strong regional ENSO signature. However, this regional pattern differs from variance in composite ENSO reconstructions, suggesting that the multi‐site nature of these reconstructions may create biases. Salinity variability on decadal and longer time scales occurs throughout the record. Some of these oscillations are consistent with other ITF‐sensitive coral records. Our new salinity record adds a strongly Pacific‐sensitive record to the existing suite of regional paleoclimate reconstructions. Relationships among these records highlight the complexity of salinity in the Indonesian seas and the controls on its variability.
Response of Siliceous Marine Organisms to the Permian‐Triassic Climate Crisis Based on New Findings From Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: Foster W. J. , Asatryan G. , Rauzi S. , Botting J. P. , Buchwald S. Z. , Lazarus D. B. , Isson T. , Renaudie J. , Kiessling W.
Published: December 2023

Siliceous marine ecosystems play a critical role in shaping the Earth's climate system by influencing rates of organic carbon burial and marine authigenic clay formation (i.e., reverse weathering). The ecological demise of silicifying organisms associated with the Permian‐Triassic mass extinction is postulated to have elevated marine authigenic clay formation rates, resulting in a prolonged greenhouse climate during the Early Triassic. Yet, our understanding of the response of siliceous marine organisms during this critical interval is poor. Whilst radiolarians experienced the strongest diversity loss in their evolutionary history and perhaps also the greatest population decline of silica‐secreting organisms during this event, only a small number of Griesbachian (post‐extinction) localities that record siliceous organisms are known. Here, we report newly discovered latest Changhsingian to early Griesbachian (Clarkina meishanensis ‐ Hindeodus parvus Zone) radiolarians and siliceous sponge spicules from Svalbard. This fauna documents the survival of a low‐diversity radiolarian assemblage alongside stem‐group hexactinellid sponges making this the first described account of post‐extinction silica‐secreting organisms from the Permian/Triassic boundary in a shallow marine shelf environment and a mid‐northern paleolatitudinal setting. Our findings indicate that latitudinal diversity gradients for silica‐secreting organisms following the mass extinction were significantly altered, and that silica productivity was restricted to high latitude and deep water thermal refugia. This result has potential to further shape our understanding of changes in marine dissolved silica levels and in turn rates of reverse weathering, with implications for our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics during this interval.
IgSF11 deficiency alleviates osteoarthritis in mice by suppressing early subchondral bone changes
Authors: Kim Gyeong Min , Kim Jihee , Lee June-Yong , Park Min-Chan , Lee Soo Young
Published: December 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. While it is classically characterized by articular cartilage destruction, OA affects all tissues in the joints and is thus also accompanied by local inflammation, subchondral bone changes, and persistent pain. However, our understanding of the underlying subchondral bone dynamics during OA progression is poor. Here, we demonstrate the contribution of immunoglobulin superfamily 11 (IgSF11) to OA subchondral bone remodeling by using a murine model. In particular, IgSF11 was quickly expressed by differentiating osteoclasts and upregulated in subchondral bone soon after destabilization-of-the-medial-meniscus (DMM)-induced OA. In mice, IgSF11 deficiency not only suppressed subchondral bone changes in OA but also blocked cartilage destruction. The IgSF11-expressing cells in OA subchondral bone were found to be involved in osteoclast maturation and bone resorption and colocalized with receptor-activator of nuclear-factor κ-B (RANK), the key osteoclast differentiation factor. Thus, our study shows that blocking early subchondral bone changes in OA can ameliorate articular cartilage destruction in OA.
Processing stimulus dynamics by the NF-κB network in single cells
Authors: Son Minjun , Wang Andrew G. , Keisham Bijentimala , Tay Savaş
Published: December 2023

Cells at the site of an infection experience numerous biochemical signals that vary in amplitude, space, and time. Despite the diversity of dynamic signals produced by pathogens and sentinel cells, information-processing pathways converge on a limited number of central signaling nodes to ultimately control cellular responses. In particular, the NF-κB pathway responds to dozens of signals from pathogens and self, and plays a vital role in processing proinflammatory inputs. Studies addressing the influence of stimulus dynamics on NF-κB signaling are rare due to technical limitations with live-cell measurements. However, recent advances in microfluidics, automation, and image analysis have enabled investigations that yield high temporal resolution at the single-cell level. Here, we summarize the recent research which measures and models the NF-κB response to pulsatile and fluctuating stimulus concentrations, as well as different combinations and sequences of signaling molecules. Collectively, these studies show that the NF-κB network integrates external inflammatory signals and translates these into downstream transcriptional responses.
Molecular mechanisms of cellular metabolic homeostasis in stem cells
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Jiang Ou , Wang Songlin
Published: December 2023

Many tissues and organ systems have intrinsic regeneration capabilities that are largely driven and maintained by tissue-resident stem cell populations. In recent years, growing evidence has demonstrated that cellular metabolic homeostasis plays a central role in mediating stem cell fate, tissue regeneration, and homeostasis. Thus, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that regulate metabolic homeostasis in stem cells may contribute to our knowledge on how tissue homeostasis is maintained and provide novel insights for disease management. In this review, we summarize the known relationship between the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and molecular pathways in stem cells. We also discuss potential targets of metabolic homeostasis in disease therapy and describe the current limitations and future directions in the development of these novel therapeutic targets.
TMEM44-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by regulating the IGF2BP2-GPX4 axis in modulating ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Ruotong , Wan Junhu , Ma Liwei , Zhou Fuyou , Yang Zhengwu , Li Zhuofang , Zhang Mingyuan , Ming Liang
Published: December 2023

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TMEM44-AS1 is a novel lncRNA whose pro-carcinogenic role in gastric cancer and glioma has been demonstrated. However, its function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. In this study, we identified that TMEM44-AS1 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells. Functionally, TMEM44-AS1 promoted ESCC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. TMEM44-AS1 inhibited ferroptosis in ESCC cells, and ferroptosis levels were significantly increased after knockdown of TMEM44-AS1. Mechanistically, TMEM44-AS1 was positively correlated with GPX4 expression, and TMEM44-AS1 could bind to the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 to enhance the stability of GPX4 mRNA, thereby affecting ferroptosis and regulating the malignant progression of ESCC. In summary, this study reveals the TMEM44-AS1-IGF2BP2-GPX4 axis could influence cancer progression in ESCC. TMEM44-AS1 can be used as a potential treatment target against ESCC.
Common origin of sterol biosynthesis points to a feeding strategy shift in Neoproterozoic animals
Authors: Brunoir T. , Mulligan C. , Sistiaga A. , Vuu K. M. , Shih P. M. , O’Reilly S. S. , Summons R. E. , Gold D. A.
Published: December 2023

Steranes preserved in sedimentary rocks serve as molecular fossils, which are thought to record the expansion of eukaryote life through the Neoproterozoic Era ( ~ 1000-541 Ma). Scientists hypothesize that ancient C27 steranes originated from cholesterol, the major sterol produced by living red algae and animals. Similarly, C28 and C29 steranes are thought to be derived from the sterols of prehistoric fungi, green algae, and other microbial eukaryotes. However, recent work on annelid worms–an advanced group of eumetazoan animals–shows that they are also capable of producing C28 and C29 sterols. In this paper, we explore the evolutionary history of the 24-C sterol methyltransferase (smt) gene in animals, which is required to make C28+ sterols. We find evidence that the smt gene was vertically inherited through animals, suggesting early eumetazoans were capable of C28+ sterol synthesis. Our molecular clock of the animal smt gene demonstrates that its diversification coincides with the rise of C28 and C29 steranes in the Neoproterozoic. This study supports the hypothesis that early eumetazoans were capable of making C28+ sterols and that many animal lineages independently abandoned its biosynthesis around the end-Neoproterozoic, coinciding with the rise of abundant eukaryotic prey.
Survey of the infant male urobiome and genomic analysis of Actinotignum spp.
Authors: Reasoner Seth A. , Flores Viktor , Van Horn Gerald , Morales Grace , Peard Leslie M. , Abelson Benjamin , Manuel Carmila , Lee Jessica , Baker Bailey , Williams Timothy , Schmitz Jonathan E. , Clayton Douglass B. , Hadjifrangiskou Maria
Published: December 2023

The urinary bladder harbors a community of microbes termed the urobiome, which remains understudied. In this study, we present the urobiome of healthy infant males from samples collected by transurethral catheterization. Using a combination of enhanced culture and amplicon sequencing, we identify several common bacterial genera that can be further investigated for their effects on urinary health across the lifespan. Many genera were shared between all samples suggesting a consistent urobiome composition among this cohort. We note that, for this cohort, early life exposures including mode of birth (vaginal vs. Cesarean section), or prior antibiotic exposure did not influence urobiome composition. In addition, we report the isolation of culturable bacteria from the bladders of these infant males, including Actinotignum spp., a bacterial genus that has been associated with urinary tract infections in older male adults. Herein, we isolate and sequence 9 distinct strains of Actinotignum spp. enhancing the genomic knowledge surrounding this genus and opening avenues for delineating the microbiology of this urobiome constituent. Furthermore, we present a framework for using the combination of culture-dependent and sequencing methodologies for uncovering mechanisms in the urobiome.
A new database of the analysis of the physiological needs in amateur female basketball during official matches
Authors: Batalla-Gavalda Abraham , Montoliu Raul , Beltrán-Garrido Jose Vicente , Corbi Francesc
Published: December 2023

Abstractss

The PHYAFB database is a valuable resource for studying the physiological demands of female amateur basketball players during high-stress official games. It contains heart rate data from ten players aged 18 to 26, collected during ten crucial relegation phase matches, with 348,232 HR samples in CSV and Excel formats for easy access and analysis. The database includes Python source code for initial examination. The primary aim of the PHYAFB database is to provide a useful reference for other teams facing similar situations. Furthermore, the database represents a unique and valuable resource for sports scientists, coaches, and trainers seeking to comprehend the physiological demands of female basketball players during official competitions. Through the analysis of heart rate data, coaches and trainers can identify the intensity and duration of physical activity during games, enabling the development of more effective training programs. Additionally, the database can be used to compare the physiological demands placed on male and female basketball players or to investigate the impact of different game strategies on player performance.
Robotic monitoring of forests: a dataset from the EU habitat 9210* in the Tuscan Apennines (central Italy)
Authors: Pollayil Mathew J. , Angelini Franco , de Simone Leopoldo , Fanfarillo Emanuele , Fiaschi Tiberio , Maccherini Simona , Angiolini Claudia , Garabini Manolo
Published: December 2023

Effective monitoring of habitats is crucial for their preservation. As the impact of anthropic activities on natural habitats increases, accurate and up-to-date information on the state of ecosystems has become imperative. This paper presents a new dataset collected from the forests located in the Tuscan Apennines (Italy) using the ANYmal robot. The dataset provides information regarding the structure and composition of the EU priority habitat 9210*. The dataset, which is publicly available through a Zenodo repository, includes photos, videos, and point clouds of the environment. This dataset is a valuable resource for the scientific community working in the field of forest ecology and conservation and has the potential to inform future research and conservation efforts on habitat 9210*. The collaboration between robotic engineers and plant scientists provides a unique perspective on the forest ecosystem and underscores the potential for interdisciplinary work in this field. This dataset constitutes an important contribution to the ongoing effort to monitor and conserve habitats globally, particularly in light of the challenges posed by global changes.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of an agricultural pest Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Wang Yi-Ting , Cao Li-Jun , Chen Jin-Cui , Song Wei , Ma Wei-Hua , Yang Jing-Fang , Gao Xu-Yuan , Chen Hong-Song , Zhang Yan , Tian Zhen-Ya , Wei Shu-Jun , Zhou Zhong-Shi
Published: December 2023

The fruit fly Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of melons and other cucurbits in Southeast Asia. In this study, we used Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies to assemble a reference genome of Z. tau at the chromosomal level. The assembled genome was 421.79 Mb and consisted of six chromosomes (one X-chromosome + five autosomes). The contig N50 was 4.23 Mb. We identified 20,922 protein-coding genes, of which 17,251 (82.45%) were functionally annotated. Additionally, we found 247 rRNAs, 435 tRNAs, 67 small nuclear RNAs, and 829 small RNAs in the genome. Repetitive elements accounted for 55.30 Mb (13.15%) of the genome. This high-quality genome assembly is valuable for evolutionary and genetic studies of Z. tau and its relative species.
De novo transcriptome assembly of hyperaccumulating Noccaea praecox for gene discovery
Authors: Bočaj Valentina , Pongrac Paula , Fischer Sina , Likar Matevž
Published: December 2023

Hyperaccumulators are a group of plant species that accumulate high concentrations of one or more metal(loid)s in their above-ground tissues without showing any signs of toxicity. Several hyperaccumulating species belong to the Brassicaceae family, among them the Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea praecox. In this paper, we present de novo transcriptome assembled from two naturally occurring N. praecox populations growing in (i) metal-enriched soil and (ii) soil non-contaminated with metals (control site). Total RNA was extracted from the leaves of both populations. We obtained 801,935,101 reads, which were successfully assembled and annotated. The resulting assembly contains 135,323 transcripts, with 103,396 transcripts (76.4%) annotated with at least one function and encoding 53,142 putative proteins. Due to its close relationship with the hyperaccumulating model species N. cearulescens, it will be possible to derive protein functions from sequence comparisons with this species. Comparisons will highlight common and differing pathways of metal acquisition, storage, and detoxification which will allow us to expand our knowledge of these processes.
Annotating Macromolecular Complexes in the Protein Data Bank: Improving the FAIRness of Structure Data
Authors: Appasamy Sri Devan , Berrisford John , Gaborova Romana , Nair Sreenath , Anyango Stephen , Grudinin Sergei , Deshpande Mandar , Armstrong David , Pidruchna Ivanna , Ellaway Joseph I. J. , Leines Grisell Díaz , Gupta Deepti , Harrus Deborah , Varadi Mihaly , Velankar Sameer
Published: December 2023

Macromolecular complexes are essential functional units in nearly all cellular processes, and their atomic-level understanding is critical for elucidating and modulating molecular mechanisms. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) serves as the global repository for experimentally determined structures of macromolecules. Structural data in the PDB offer valuable insights into the dynamics, conformation, and functional states of biological assemblies. However, the current annotation practices lack standardised naming conventions for assemblies in the PDB, complicating the identification of instances representing the same assembly. In this study, we introduce a method leveraging resources external to PDB, such as the Complex Portal, UniProt and Gene Ontology, to describe assemblies and contextualise them within their biological settings accurately. Employing the proposed approach, we assigned standard names to over 90% of unique assemblies in the PDB and provided persistent identifiers for each assembly. This standardisation of assembly data enhances the PDB, facilitating a deeper understanding of macromolecular complexes. Furthermore, the data standardisation improves the PDB’s FAIR attributes, fostering more effective basic and translational research and scientific education.
Multicolor tunable emission through energy transfer in Dy3+/Ho3+ co-doped CaTiO3 phosphors with high thermal stability for solid state lighting applications
Authors: Singh Priti , Mishra Hirdyesh , Rai Shyam Bahadur
Published: December 2023

The exploration of multicolor emitting phosphors with single phase is extremely important for n-UV chip excited LED/WLED’s and multicolor display devices. In this paper, Dy3+, Ho3+ singly doped and Dy3+/Ho3+ co-doped CaTiO3 phosphor materials have been synthesized by solid state reaction method at 1473 K. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, FTIR, PL and lifetime measurements. The PL emission spectra of Dy3+ doped CaTiO3 phosphors give intense blue and yellow emissions under UV excitation, while the PL emission spectra of Ho3+ doped CaTiO3 phosphor show intense green emission under UV/blue excitations. Further, to get the multicolor emission including white light, Dy3+ and Ho3+ were co-doped simultaneously in CaTiO3 host. It is found that alongwith colored and white light emissions, it also shows energy transfer from Dy3+ to Ho3+ with 367 nm and from Ho3+ to Dy3+ under 362 nm excitations. The energy transfer efficiency is found to be 67.76% and 69.39% for CaTiO3:4Dy3+/3Ho3+ and CaTiO3:3Ho3+/5Dy3+ phosphors, respectively. The CIE color coordinates, CCT and color purity of the phosphors have been calculated, which show color tunability from whitish to deep green via greenish yellow color. The lifetime of 4F9/2 level of Dy3+ ion and 5S2 level of Ho3+ ion is decreased in presence of Ho3+ and Dy3+ ions, respectively. This is due to energy transfer from Dy3+ to Ho3+ ions and vice versa. A temperature dependent photoluminescence studied of CaTiO3:4Dy3+/2Ho3+ phosphor show a high thermal stability (82% at 423 K of initial temperature 303 K) in the temperature range 303–483 K with activation energy 0.17 eV. The PLQY are 30%, 33% and 35% for CaTiO3:4Dy3+, CaTiO3:4Dy3+/2Ho3+ and CaTiO3:3Ho3+ phosphors, respectively. Hence, Dy3+, Ho3+ singly doped and Dy3+/Ho3+ co-doped CaTiO3 phosphor materials can be used in the field of single matrix perovskite color tunable phosphors which may be used in multicolor display devices, n-UV chip excited LED/WLED’s and photodynamic therapy for the cancer treatment.
Efficiency evaluation and nonlinear multi-objective optimization of forestry industry transformation in the Heilongjiang state-owned forest region
Authors: Diao Shuo , Geng Yude
Published: December 2023

With the deepening of the concept of sustainable development of the whole society, protecting forest resources has become a crucial task of the current society. The present forestry industrial structure of Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas has undergone significant changes, and the transformation of the forestry industry has become increasingly prominent. How to deepen the forestry industry transformation and improve its efficiency has become an important research direction in forest areas. This work first analyzes the data envelopment method, and further designs the evaluation method of forestry transformation efficiency in forest areas. Then, the evaluation index system of forestry industry transformation efficiency in Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas is built. The relevant nonlinear multi-objective optimization (MOO) constraints are designed. Relevant data are quoted to evaluate the efficiency of the forestry industry transformation in the Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas. The results show that: (1) During 2015–2021, the average value of the scale, technical, and comprehensive production efficiencies of Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas were 0.765, 0.53, and 0.399, all of which were less than 1. And they were in a relatively ineffective state. (2) The overall industrial transformation of state-owned forest areas was optimistic. The technical efficiency decreased slightly in 2017, while the pure technical efficiency was greater than 1 in 2016 and 2018. The efficiency value increased to the peak by the end of 2021. (3) In the transformation of the forestry industry in state-owned forest areas, the influence of the industrial economy and resource protection subsystems was the first and backward, and the contribution of the social development subsystem was in the middle. (4) In the MOO problem, the forest area should be planned according to the proportion of public welfare, multi-functional, and commercial forests: 35.2%, 38.8%, and 26%, respectively. This work provides an essential reference for protecting forest resources and contributes to the transformation and development of the social forestry industry.
Maximizing plyometric training for adolescents: a meta-analysis of ground contact frequency and overall intervention time on jumping ability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lunxin , Huang Zijing , Xie Lin , He Jiaxin , Ji Hongshen , Huang Weifeng , Li Duanying , Zhou Yanfeng , Sun Jian
Published: December 2023

Plyometric training boosts adolescents' jumping ability, crucial for athletic success and health. However, the best total ground contact frequency (TGCF) and overall intervention time (OIT) for these exercises remain unclear. This meta-analysis aims to identify optimal TGCF and OIT in plyometric training for adolescents, focusing on countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) outcomes. This systematic review encompassed five databases and included 38 studies with 50 randomized controlled experiments and 3347 participants. We used the Cochrane risk assessment tool for study quality and Review Manager 5.4 for data analysis. The current meta-analysis incorporated a total of 38 studies, comprising 50 sets of randomized controlled trials, to investigate the influence of different TGCFs and OITs on plyometric training. The Cochrane risk assessment tool indicated that all the included studies were classified as low risk. Various TGCFs in plyometric training positively affected CMJ and SJ heights in adolescents. The TGCF of less than 900 was ideal for enhancing CMJ, whereas more than 1400 was effective for SJ. The optimal OIT was 400–600 min, specifically, 500–600 min for CMJ and 400–500 min for SJ. Plyometric training improves jumping ability in adolescents. Lower ground contact frequency (< 900 contacts) enhances CMJ, while higher ground contact frequency (> 1400 contacts) is more effective for SJ. Optimal intervention time ranges from 400 to 600 min, with 500 to 600 min benefiting CMJ and 400 to 500 min improving SJ.
An AI-based segmentation and analysis pipeline for high-field MR monitoring of cerebral organoids
Authors: Deininger Luca , Jung-Klawitter Sabine , Mikut Ralf , Richter Petra , Fischer Manuel , Karimian-Jazi Kianush , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Bendszus Martin , Heiland Sabine , Kleesiek Jens , Opladen Thomas , Kuseyri Hübschmann Oya , Hübschmann Daniel , Schwarz Daniel
Published: December 2023

Cerebral organoids recapitulate the structure and function of the developing human brain in vitro, offering a large potential for personalized therapeutic strategies. The enormous growth of this research area over the past decade with its capability for clinical translation makes a non-invasive, automated analysis pipeline of organoids highly desirable. This work presents a novel non-invasive approach to monitor and analyze cerebral organoids over time using high-field magnetic resonance imaging and state-of-the-art tools for automated image analysis. Three specific objectives are addressed, (I) organoid segmentation to investigate organoid development over time, (II) global cysticity classification and (III) local cyst segmentation for organoid quality assessment. We show that organoid growth can be monitored reliably over time and cystic and non-cystic organoids can be separated with high accuracy, with on par or better performance compared to state-of-the-art tools applied to brightfield imaging. Local cyst segmentation is feasible but could be further improved in the future. Overall, these results highlight the potential of the pipeline for clinical application to larger-scale comparative organoid analysis.
Determinants of the level of circulating-tumor HPV16 DNA in patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer at the time of diagnosis
Authors: Kentnowski Marek , Cortez Alexander J. , Mazurek Agnieszka M. , Mrochem-Kwarciak Jolanta , Hebda Anna , Kacorzyk Urszula , Drosik-Rutowicz Katarzyna , Chmielik Ewa , Paul Piotr , Gajda Karolina , Łasińska Izabela , Bobek‑Billewicz Barbara , d’Amico Andrea , Składowski Krzysztof , Śnietura Mirosław , Faden Daniel L. , Rutkowski Tomasz W.
Published: December 2023

Circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPV16) assessed in liquid biopsy may be used as a marker of cancer in patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV + OPC). Factors influencing the initial ctHPV16 quantity are not well recognized. In this study we aimed to establish what factors are related to the level of ctHPV16 at the time of diagnosis. 51 patients (37 men and 14 women, median age of 57 years old) with HPV + OPC prior to definitive treatment were included. ctHPV16 was measured by qPCR. Tumor and nodal staging were assessed according to AJCC8. Blood derived factors included squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), serum soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA 21-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin level (Alb), neutrophils (Neut), thrombocytes (Plt) and lymphocyte (Lym) count, Neut/Lym ratio were assessed. The volumes of the primary tumor (TV) and involved lymph nodes (NV) were calculated using MRI, CT or PET-CT scans. Data were analysed using parametric and nonparametric methods. Variables for multivariable linear regression analysis were chosen based on the results from univariable analysis (correlation, univariable regression and difference). There were 9 (18%), 10 (19%) and 32 (63%) patients who had TV and NV assessed in MRI, CT or PET respectively. Primary tumor neither as T-stage nor TV was related to ctHPV16 level. Significant differences in the ctHPV16 between patients with high vs low pain (P = 0.038), NV (P = 0.023), TV + NV (P = 0.018), CYFRA 21-1 (P = 0.002), CRP (P = 0.019), and N1 vs N3 (P = 0.044) were observed. ctHPV16 was significantly associated with CYFRA 21-1 (P = 0.017), N stage (P = 0.005), NV (P = 0.009), TV + NV (P = 0.002), CRP (P = 0.019), and pain (P = 0.038). In univariable linear regression analysis the same variables predicted ctHPV16 level. In multivariable analyses, CYFRA 21-1 and CRP (both as categorical variables) were predictors of ctHPV16 level even above NV. ctHPV16 at presentation is driven by tumor volume measured mostly by N. CYFRA 21-1 and CRP are additional factors related to ctHPV16 prior to the treatment.
A novel Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart for jointly monitoring the process mean and variance: an application to hard bake process
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Khan Imad , AlQahtani Salman A. , Yasmeen Uzma , Ahmad Bakhtyar
Published: December 2023

In this article, we introduce a novel Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart under various loss functions to concurrently monitor the mean and variance of a normally distributed process. The Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart exhibit strong overall performance in detecting shifts in both mean and dispersion across various magnitudes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control chart, we employ Monte Carlo simulation methods to compute their run length characteristics. We conduct an extensive comparative analysis, contrasting the run length performance of our proposed charts with that of existing ones. Our findings highlight the heightened sensitivity of Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart to shifts of diverse magnitudes. Finally, to illustrate the efficacy of our Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart using various loss functions, we present a practical case study involving the hard-bake process in semiconductor manufacturing. Our results underscore the superior performance of the Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart in detecting out-of-control signals.
A promising yellow-emitting langbeinite-type phosphor NaBaY2(PO4)3:Eu2+ for WLEDs
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ding Xin , Liu Bin , Wang Yuhua
Published: December 2023

A novel yellow-emitting phosphor NaBaY2(PO4)3:Eu2+ has been discovered by using the mineral-inspired prototype strategy and cation substitution method for the first time.
Understanding and decoupling the role of wavelength and defects in light-induced degradation of metal-halide perovskites
Authors: Hieulle Jeremy , Krishna Anurag , Boziki Ariadni , Audinot Jean-Nicolas , Farooq Muhammad Uzair , Machado Joana Ferreira , Mladenović Marko , Phirke Himanshu , Singh Ajay , Wirtz Tom , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Graetzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Redinger Alex
Published: December 2023

Light-induced degradation in metal halide perovskites is a major concern that can potentially hamper the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Reformation of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 properties by using ZnO in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-ZnO heterostructures grown on (001) oriented Si
Authors: Das Bibekananda , Padhan Prahallad
Published: December 2023

In (001)Si/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)/ZnO, the ZnO changes linear dI/dV vs. V of LSMO to parabolic, modifies different interactions and conduction electron concentration of t2g-state of Mn d-orbitals, and induces Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling around the TC.
Experimental and ab initio studies of Co-doped ZnO nanophotocatalyst thin films for dye mineralization
Authors: Latif Ansa , Mohsin Muhammad , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Tahir Asif Ali , Hussain Muhammad Tahir , Iqbal Javed
Published: December 2023

Pristine ZnO and Co-doped ZnO photocatalyst thin films were fabricated on a ceramic substrate by spray pyrolysis.
Nanodroplet vaporization with pulsed-laser excitation repeatedly amplifies photoacoustic signals at low vaporization thresholds
Authors: Mendes Maria Inês P. , Coelho Carlos D. F. , Schaberle Fábio A. , Moreno Maria João , Calvete Mário J. F. , Arnaut Luis G.
Published: December 2023

Explosive vaporization of a nanodroplet increases generates a gigantic pressure wave.
Correction: Investigation of cellulose dissolution in morpholinium-based solvents: impact of solvent structural features on cellulose dissolution
Authors: Naserifar Shirin , Koschella Andreas , Heinze Thomas , Bernin Diana , Hasani Merima
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘Investigation of cellulose dissolution in morpholinium-based solvents: impact of solvent structural features on cellulose dissolution’ by Shirin Naserifar et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 18639–18650, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA03370H.
Molecular structure design and epoxy functional modification of star-shaped poly(lactic acid) by a melt polycondensation strategy
Authors: Yu Jiajie , Huang Yi , Yu Songting , Huang Zepeng , Yu Shujie , Zhou Ling , Peng Shaoxian , Zhao Xipo
Published: December 2023

PET and SB were used as core molecules for melt polycondensation with LA. The 6PLAs was solution-grafted with AGE, which is flexible and difficult to self-polymerize, resulting in the preparation of 6PLAs-g-AGE with an epoxy value of 0.293 mol/100 g.
Less Versus More: The Effect of Recast Length in Treatment of Grammatical Errors
Authors: Sweeney Lucia , Plante Elena , Mettler Heidi M. , Hall Jessica , Vance Rebecca
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Although conversational recast treatment is generally efficacious, there are many ways in which the individual components of the treatment can be delivered. Some of these are known to enhance treatment, others appear to interfere with learning, and still others appear to have no impact at all. This study tests the potential effect of clinicians' recast length on child learning during a recast treatment.

Method:

Twenty-six preschool children were treated for grammatical errors using Enhanced Conversational Recast Treatment. Half heard recasts of four or fewer words (Short Recast condition), and half heard recasts of five or more words (Extended Recast condition). Outcome measures included generalization of the treated grammatical form, spontaneous use of these forms, change in mean length of utterances in words, and the number of children in each condition who showed a clinically meaningful response.

Results:

There was strong evidence of improvements in the use of grammatical forms targeted by the treatment compared with forms that were tracked but not treated. Twenty children (11 in the Short Recast condition and nine in the Extended Recast condition) showed a clinically meaningful response. There was minimal support for the hypothesis that the length of clinician utterance influenced either progress on a grammatical form targeted by the treatment or on the child's mean length of utterance in words.

Conclusions:

The study adds to the evidence for the efficacy of Enhanced Conversational Recast Treatment. However, there is little evidence that clinicians need to regulate the length of the recast they provide to children.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24653613
Design‐for‐testability for reversible logic circuits based on bit‐swapping
Authors: Mondal Joyati , Das Debesh Kumar , Bhattacharya Bhargab B.
Published: December 2023

The emerging technology of reversible circuits offers a potential solution to the synthesis of ultra low‐power quantum computing systems. A reversible circuit can be envisaged as a cascade of reversible gates only, such as Toffoli gate, which has two components: k control bits and a target bit (k‐CNOT), k ≥ 1. While analysing testability issues in a reversible circuit, the missing‐gate fault model is often used for modelling physical defects in k‐CNOT gates. A new design‐for‐testability (DFT) technique is proposed for reversible circuits that deploys bit‐swapping using Fredkin reversible gates. It is shown that in an (n × n) circuit implemented with k‐CNOT gates, addition of only two extra inputs along with a few Fredkin gates yields easy testability in the circuit. The modified design admits a universal test set of maximum size 2n + 1 that detects all detectable missing gate faults in the original circuit, where n is the number of input/output lines in the circuit. The DFT overhead in terms of quantum cost is much less compared to that of previous approaches. The method is more advantageous for large circuits.
Forming giant planets around late-M dwarfs: Pebble accretion and planet–planet collision
Authors: Pan Mengrui , Liu Beibei , Johansen Anders , Ogihara Masahiro , Wang Su , Ji Jianghui , Wang Sharon X. , Feng Fabo , Ribas Ignasi
Published: December 2023

We propose a pebble-driven core accretion scenario to explain the formation of giant planets around the late-M dwarfs of M★=0.1– 0.2 M⊙. In order to explore the optimal disk conditions for giant planet, we performed N-body simulations to investigate the growth and dynamical evolution of both single and multiple protoplanets in the disks with both inner viscously heated and outer stellar irradiated regions. The initial masses of the protoplanets are either assumed to be equal to 0.01 M⊕ or calculated based on the formula derived from streaming instability simulations. Our findings indicate that massive planets are more likely to form in disks with longer lifetimes, higher solid masses, moderate to high levels of disk turbulence, and larger initial masses of protoplanets. In the single protoplanet growth cases, the highest planet core mass that can be reached is generally lower than the threshold necessary to trigger rapid gas accretion, which impedes the formation of giant planets. Nonetheless, in multi-protoplanet cases, the cores can exceed the pebble isolation mass barrier aided by frequent planet–planet collisions. This consequently speeds their gas accretion up and promotes giant planet formation, making the optimal parameter space to grow giant planets substantially wider. Taken together, our results suggest that even around very-low-mass stellar hosts, the giant planets with orbital periods of ≲100 days are still likely to form when lunar-mass protoplanets first emerge from planetesimal accretion and then grow rapidly by a combination of pebble accretion and planet–planet collisions in disks with a high supply of a pebble reservoir >50 M⊕ and a turbulent level of αt ~ 10−3−10−2.
Absolute electron density fluctuation reconstruction for two-dimensional hydrogen beam emission spectroscopy
Authors: Lampert M.
Published: December 2023

Scrape-off layer (SOL) and edge plasma turbulence significantly contribute to the radial particle and heat transport, lowering the plasma confinement and increasing the heat load on the plasma facing components. SOL turbulence is predominantly intermittent, which manifests in the occurrence of isolated density filaments or blobs. Filaments propagate radially outward toward plasma facing components, limiting their lifetime by erosion and sputtering. To characterize this phenomenon in detail, few diagnostic techniques are available. Beam emission spectroscopy is a diagnostic capable of measuring plasma turbulence in both SOL and edge plasmas. Due to the finite lifetime of the excitation states during the beam–plasma interaction and the misalignment between the optics and the magnetic field, spatial smearing is introduced in the measurement. In this paper, a novel method is introduced to overcome this hindering effect by inverting the fluctuation response matrix on an optimally smoothed signal. We show that this method is fast and provides significantly more accurate absolute density fluctuation reconstruction than the direct inversion technique. The presented method is usable for all types of beam emission diagnostics where the spatial resolution is higher than the combined smearing of the atomic physics and the observation.
Attosecond pioneers win physics Nobel
Authors: Miller Johanna
Published: December 2023

Through advances in atomic and optical physics, the laureates broke new ground in the measurement of time.
Precision measurements bring the search for new physics to the table
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: December 2023

Targeted small-scale experiments look to find smoking guns—or at least to rule out possibilities.
Artificial photosynthesis: A pathway to solar fuels
Authors: Atwater Harry A.
Published: December 2023

Taking inspiration from nature and from the success of photovoltaic solar conversion, scientists are developing foundations for sunlight-driven synthesis of fuels, chemicals, and materials.
Fluid dynamics alters liquid–liquid phase separation in confined aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Hester Eric W. , Carney Sean , Shah Vishwesh , Arnheim Alyssa , Patel Bena , Di Carlo Dino , Bertozzi Andrea L.
Published: December 2023

Liquid–liquid phase separation is key to understanding aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) arising throughout cell biology, medical science, and the pharmaceutical industry. Controlling the detailed morphology of phase-separating compound droplets leads to new technologies for efficient single-cell analysis, targeted drug delivery, and effective cell scaffolds for wound healing. We present a computational model of liquid–liquid phase separation relevant to recent laboratory experiments with gelatin–polyethylene glycol mixtures. We include buoyancy and surface-tension-driven finite viscosity fluid dynamics with thermally induced phase separation. We show that the fluid dynamics greatly alters the evolution and equilibria of the phase separation problem. Notably, buoyancy plays a critical role in driving the ATPS to energy-minimizing crescent-shaped morphologies, and shear flows can generate a tenfold speedup in particle formation. Neglecting fluid dynamics produces incorrect minimum-energy droplet shapes. The model allows for optimization of current manufacturing procedures for structured microparticles and improves understanding of ATPS evolution in confined and flowing settings important in biology and biotechnology.
Representation of women in English and Persian proverbs
Authors: Dabbagh Ali , Babaii Esmat
Published: December 2023

The present study aims to investigate the portrayal of women in English and Persian proverbs using the
multidisciplinary field of Cultural Linguistics as an alternative to critical discourse analysis. Utilizing a corpus analysis
approach for Cultural Linguistics (Jensen 2017), 124 English and 186 Persian proverbs
representing the theme of ‘woman’ were compared and contrasted cross-culturally. Results of grounded-theory driven analysis
revealed: (a) while various cultural schemata and cultural metaphors reflecting both dark and bright sides of women in proverbs
were unveiled, only one cultural category in Persian proverbs with no similar instance in English proverbs was revealed; and (b)
in some English and Persian proverbs, interpreting cultural schemas predicates upon eliciting and understanding the cultural
metaphors hidden in the proverbs. The results are discussed with reference to the potentiality of Cultural Linguistics as an
analytical framework for paremiology that can provide an in-depth interpretation of proverbs as a culturally-loaded discourse.
Conspiracy theories and passion
Authors: Hristov Todor
Published: December 2023

Conspiracy theories are not merely propositions about states of affairs, they are also speech acts and because of
that their meaning consists not only in what conspiracy theorists say but also in what they do with words or, in other words, in
the pragmatics of their stories. Building on a concept developed by Stanley Cavell, the article argues that from the point of view
of pragmatics conspiracy theories are a form of passionate speech. In contrast with illocutionary acts, the point of passionate
speech consists in making the other respond here, now and in kind (thus implicitly recognizing that the subject of the act has
rightfully addressed her or him in this way). The conceptualization of conspiracy theories as passionate speech is intended to
demonstrate that debunking can be counterproductive if it ignores the pragmatic dimension of conspiracy theories, and in effect
the attempts to counteract disinformation can easily deteriorate into a dialogue of the deaf.
Who does it better?
Authors: Gómez Carrero Tamara , Ogneva Anastasiia
Published: December 2023

This study addresses the acquisition of second language (L2) Spanish grammatical gender by native speakers of two
typologically different languages: English (n = 39) and Russian (n = 37). We aim to explore if
the presence or absence of gender features in the first language (L1) influences the acquisition of Spanish grammatical gender.
Participants completed an acceptability judgment task consisting of 40 sentences with grammatical and ungrammatical Spanish
Determiner Phrases (DPs). They included masculine and feminine Ns (Nouns) with transparent or opaque endings. Our findings show
that (1) both groups are sensitive to gender non-matching structures, although L1 Russian speakers gave the lowest scores to
ungrammatical structures in Spanish; (2) higher rating scores to masculine matching DPs point to the use of masculine as default
by both L2 groups; (3) Ns with transparent endings act as cues for L2 Spanish learners, since both groups of participants rated
the non-matching DPs with transparent Ns more accurately than those with opaque Ns. Therefore, our findings suggest that gender in
L2 Spanish can be acquired regardless of the presence or the absence of these grammatical property in the L1, although its
presence in the L1 seems to accelerate this process.
Quantum geometric tensor and the topological characterization of the extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model
Authors: Zeng 曾 Xiang-Long 相龙 , Lai 赖 Wen-Xi 文喜 , Wei 魏 Yi-Wen 祎雯 , Ma 马 Yu-Quan 余全
Published: December 2023

We investigate the quantum metric and topological Euler number in a cyclically modulated Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model with long-range hopping terms. By computing the quantum geometry tensor, we derive exact expressions for the quantum metric and Berry curvature of the energy band electrons, and we obtain the phase diagram of the model marked by the first Chern number. Furthermore, we also obtain the topological Euler number of the energy band based on the Gauss–Bonnet theorem on the topological characterization of the closed Bloch states manifold in the first Brillouin zone. However, some regions where the Berry curvature is identically zero in the first Brillouin zone result in the degeneracy of the quantum metric, which leads to ill-defined non-integer topological Euler numbers. Nevertheless, the non-integer “Euler number” provides valuable insights and an upper bound for the absolute values of the Chern numbers.