bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SKIN WOUNDS BASED ON THE PLATELET-RICH PLASMA METHOD. OUR OWN ALGORITHMS FOR APPLICATION
Authors:   Orthopedics and traumatology clinic, UMBAL Kanev, Ruse, Bulgaria., Sokolov Tsvetan , Manukova Anelya ,   Department of Electronics, University of Ruse, Ruse, Bulgaria., Kovachev Vihar ,   Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Medical University Pleven, Bulgaria., Kovachev Mancho ,   Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Medical University Pleven, Bulgaria.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to present the application of our own algorithms for prevention and treatment of problematic skin wounds (PSW) by using the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) based on the first study on PRP application carried out in Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out at the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, UMBAL Kanev Ruse, for a period of 84 months - from February 2009 to September 2016. A total of 83 patients with PSW have been treated with platelet-rich plasma. Scores introduced by Cancela AM are used for the assessment of the respective wound. Each of these scores is used for assessing specific wound parameters. RESULTS: Our own algorithms for prevention and treatment of PSW by PRP increase the percentage of successfully cured wounds. Prevention algorithm of applying PRP ensures that a high percentage of acute skin wounds will not turn into PSW. The proposed algorithms for prevention and treatment of PSW by applying PRP are an effective and safe way to reduce the uncured complicated skin wounds and ensure the subsequent normal life of patients. They also ensure more predictable skin healing. CONCLUSION: Our own algorithms for prevention and treatment of PSW by PRP increase the percentage of successfully cured wounds. The proposed algorithms for prevention and treatment of PSW by applying PRP are an effective and safe way to reduce the uncured complicated skin wounds and ensure the subsequent normal life of patients.
An Analysis of Critical Thinking from the Philosophical, Reflective, Cognitive and Cultural Perspective
Authors: Lu Chunxia , Swatevacharkul Rosukhon
Published: November 2020

In English as a foreign language context, to cultivate language learners’ critical thinking skills has become a part of the education goal. In China, great efforts have been made in order to increase Chinese college students’ critical thinking skills, but their critical thinking skills are not satisfying. As to the reasons, lack of sufficient and comprehensive understanding of critical thinking skills is supposed to be one of the reasons. Thus, this paper proposed to analyze critical thinking skills from the philosophical, reflective, cognitive, cultural perspectives hopefully to enhance understanding of critical thinking skills in Chinese EFL context.
BGB Allgemeiner Teil
Authors: Teichmann Artur
Published: November 2020

Das Lehrbuch behandelt ausführlich die für das Verständnis des Allgemeinen Teils des BGB bedeutenden Fragen des Vertragsschlusses, einschließlich der durch das Internet neu hinzu gekommenen Herausforderungen sog. „Online-Rechtsgeschäfte“. Auch werden die Themen der Auslegung von Willenserklärungen, ihrer Anfechtung, der Stellvertretung und die Verjährung von Ansprüchen eingehend und systematisch dargestellt.

Das Werk richtet sich an Studierende, die sich in die Grundlagen des Zivilrechts einarbeiten möchten. Eine Vielzahl von Beispielen erleichtern das Verständnis. Konkrete Formulierungsvorschläge und Prüfungsschritte helfen bei der Falllösung.

Das Buch basiert auf der 18-jährigen Erfahrung des Autors als Lehrbeauftragter an der Dualen Hochschule Mannheim Baden-Württemberg und seiner praktischen Arbeit als Rechtsanwalt.
PR 2.0 and interaction of Turkish Brands in Terms of Brand Awareness
Authors: BABAN Ece
Published: November 2020

Today, under the affect of market conditions, companies prefer social media channel with the aim of reaching their target population, interacting with their customers directly and expressing their brands more powerfully in the market. Companies are trying to perform new strategies for creating close relationships between brand and customers, while the differentiation attempts of the companies. Nowadays, the Internet phenomenon is one of the most important factors in this regard. People spend most of their times at the computer and internet networks. In the 1990s, with the spread of internet and mobile phones, public relations activities moved to electronic and digital media of mass communication as a one-way by using e-mail, SMS and fax machine tools Jalali, 2009:32 . In the 2000s, by the development in web area, with the help of 2.0 patches, people can also edit the pages instead of just reading the written pages through the web pages. In today's competitive environment and the developments that followed the progress of technology companies and companies with a progressive web influenced by these developments and the opportunities created by social media, they introduce their products and services and increase customer satisfaction for better uses. PR activities which use Web 2.0 and technological developments in social media environment are called PR 2.0 Jalali, 2009:45 . Throughout the research, PR 2.0 activities within the scope of the contribution of brand awareness through social media, especially in comparison with traditional PR will be discussed. Brands will be examined regarding the brands which are actively using the social media in terms of the public relations and brand awareness. Brands can be listed in four different business sectors such as; Mavi Jeans, Anadolu Efes Pilsen, Garanti Bankası and ETI. Keywords: Brand Recognition, PR 2.0, Social Media, Web 2.0.
The Formation Of Green Buying Strategy On The Scope Of Consumer Decision Making Behavior
Authors: ÖZTEK M. Yaman , ÇENGEL Özgür
Published: November 2020

As the natural resources are becoming scarce and the concept of environmentalism is on the rise, green buying behavior has increased the attention of many academicians and practitioners as an emerging strategy. In literature, green buying is also titled as environmental consumerism and defined as “purchasing and consuming products that are benign toward the environment”. Under this approach, such literature also brings along a new terminology called “environmentally conscious behavior”. There is, on the other side, a huge irony behind the advancement of technology in product innovation. Even though, technology oriented goods offer a variety of benefits to consumers, they also create pollution to the environment. Thus, there is a growing number of consumers that seek environment-friendly goods and services. In this globe, the major goal of this study is to understand consumer’s knowledge and perception regarding the consumption of environmental goods. Furthermore, the study also aims to constitute green buying habits, overall attitudes towards environmentalism, and factors that affect the environmental conscious purchases. With the aid of randomly selected respondents, a written survey will be analyzed by multiple regression as a specific goal to measure consumer perception and green buying behavior variables along with demographical factors.
Tendency Of Usage Of Social Media Tools By The Public Relations Practitioners: An Evaluation On Turkeys 500 Biggest Industrial Corporations
Authors: AKIM Feride , PELENK ÖZEL Aybike
Published: November 2020

The interactive communication in the artificial environment has widened its limits with the usage of the social media tools and has become an inevitable element of the digital era. The usage of the tools such as social network sharing sites, blogs, e-mail usage, intranet, video conferencing, forums, video sharing sites such as Youtube, music sharing sites, business network sites, cooperative web sites, instant message, vikis, podcasts, training materials sharing, social bookmarking, bookmarking sites ensuring its users to make online news, stories, music, personal publication which take place in the social media tools by the public relations practitioners gradually gains importance in terms of the public relations practitioners.In this study, the place and importance of social media tools with regards to public relations and their role in creating a new public relations process are discussed. Accordingly, an online questionnaire form was prepared and sent via e-mail to the public relations practitioners. These public relations practitioners were determined through the survey results of Turkeys Top 500 Industrial Enterprises 2011 which was conducted regularly by Istanbul Chamber of Industry ISO . An assessment intended to identify the trends and reasons of use of social media tools by the public relations practitioners who work in the biggest companies of Turkey and their perceptions of social media and traditional media was made.
On the Definition of Cultivated Ecology
Authors: Pataki Diane E. ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2020

Sagoff (2017) critiqued the exclusion of cultivated plants and animals from much of the body of work in ecology. However, there is a history of attempting to incorporate cultivated landscapes in ecology that goes back at least two decades, particularly in urban ecology. The subdiscipline of urban ecology has received relatively little attention in philosophy, although some of its methodologies, such as coupled human-natural systems research, have been critiqued. Here I will attempt to explicitly address the conceptual limitations in ecology for studying cultivated ecosystems and evaluate these limitations in the context of coupled human-natural systems and socioecological research, urban ecosystem services frameworks, and actor-network theory. I argue that the history of cultivated organisms is highly germane to their ecology, necessitating the incorporation of human agency into ecological theory. However, human agency and nonhuman nature exist along a continuum of nature vs. culture. As a result, dualistic approaches to studying the role of human agency in ecosystem processes, such as socioecology and ecosystem services assessments—which explicitly separate humans from nature—have had limited success in cultivated landscapes. More fully integrated frameworks such as actor-network theory may better address ecological research questions in cultivated landscapes.
The Future of Predictive Ecology
Authors: Elliott-Graves Alkistis ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2020

Prediction is an important aspect of scientific practice, because it helps us to confirm theories and effectively intervene on the systems we are investigating. In ecology, prediction is a controversial topic: even though the number of papers focusing on prediction is constantly increasing, many ecologists believe that the quality of ecological predictions is unacceptably low, in the sense that they are not sufficiently accurate sufficiently often. Moreover, ecologists disagree on how predictions can be improved. On one side are the ‘theory-driven’ ecologists, those who believe that ecology lacks a sufficiently strong theoretical framework. For them, more general theories will yield more accurate predictions. On the other are the ‘applied’ ecologists, whose research is focused on effective interventions on ecological systems. For them, deeper knowledge of the system in question is more important than background theory. The aim of this paper is to provide a philosophical examination of both sides of the debate: as there are strengths and weaknesses in both approaches to prediction, a pluralistic approach is best for the future of predictive ecology.
Some questions about issuance of licence for carrying out energy activity
Authors: Barjaktarević Dragana
Published: November 2020

Domestic legal entity or entrepreneur, before issuing a licence, cannot begin carrying out an energy activity. A license is a legal act, which gives a certain right to a licence applicant. If an applicant has fulfilled all the conditions prescribed by law, in this case the competent authority shall take a decision which approves the application and issuing the license to carry out an energy activity. Otherwise, the request will be rejected or denied, depending on whether the applicant submitted all the necessary documentation or not. In the first case, upon examination of the documents submitted, it is found that this documentation could not be accepted as a relevant evidence. In the second case, the applicant did not submit all the necessary documentation within the prescribed period.
Challenges to radical innovation: A car for the future: Part one
Authors: Chanaron Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2020

The car of the future is one of the most fashionable issues in the press, in political sketches and in academia. This first article is dealing with the various available options for automotive power train: gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, hybrid electric, "plug-in" vehicle hybrid electric, extended range hybrid electric, and finally full battery electric vehicle and fuel cell electric vehicle. For each option, the paper analyzes the key characteristics in terms of political, social and cultural acceptability, degree of achievement, current Status and long term perspectives. The content for each characteristic is given by up-to-date literature and interviews with key experts. When available, market data have been collected and are analyzed and discussed. Key indicators as obstacles to or in favor of one given options are also investigated and critically discussed.
Legal significance of the preamble: With special reference to the constitutional and legal significance
Authors: Radovanović Snežana
Published: November 2020

Preamble is a contemporary way for some elements of different written acts to be defined. Therefore, preamble is commonly introductory clause or clauses, usually located at the begining of the act which it is prefixed. Preamble may be very often a part of some legal acts. It could also be found in other written acts which are not necessarily legal by its nature. Therefore, it is wildly spread. Central problem in relation to preamble is the question of its legal binding and the scope of it. The specific is the significance of the preamble in constitutional law: it may consists of declaration on motive for delivery of constitution, declaration on politically crucial moments in history and it could define objectives of new constitutional system, or the solution of some urgent political question. In the last two cases legal obligation of preamble is beyond any despute. In theory, other approaches could also be found concerning the question of legal binding of preamble clauses.
Sustainability in the example of Indonesia and Serbia by using Green financing management
Authors: Ilić Biljana , Pavićević Nina , Stojanović Dragica
Published: November 2020

The term "Green financing" is a new area of finance that has application in the process of integrating environmental protection i.e. global destinations and economic benefit. This term includes wide ranges of technologies, projects and industries that are largely related to nature, habitat and sites, confirming that it is a sustainable concept of balancing environmental depreciation in the process of carbon assimilation in the atmosphere. In essence, green funding is part of the green carbon reduction project linking financial industry, natural destinations improvement and countries' economic growth, which is an important form of long-term sustainable development. As this is an innovative concept, the paper pays special attention to the development of market mechanisms and the formulation of green financing policy in order to preserve destinations. By revealing internal contradictions between the green financing and environmental protection in achieving ecological balance and sustainable economic growth, the authors suggest some options for mobilizing private capital for green investments that can be applied in Serbia. The paper compares two countries - destinations, Indonesia and Serbia in the sector of green financing. The authors of the paper highlighted the differences between the economies of Indonesia, as a representative of the ASEAN Association, and Serbia, in a way that Indonesia is far ahead of Serbia considering the concepts of green financing and sustainable development. The aim of the paper is the author's intention that good practice from countries that have already paved the way for sustainable development and green economy, i.e. green financing, can be adopted in Serbia, which is at the very beginning of it. Indonesia was chosen as the representative of Asia Pacific countries, despite being one of the leaders in the area of green finance in the region, and because in the past, the country had a similar economic structure like Serbia, but also found ways to improve its economy. Perhaps the good practice of Indonesia could serve as an example of Serbia in achieving sustainable development, green economy and green financing!
Pirot kilim as a visual symbol in the modern fashion design
Authors: Frfulanović-Šomođi Dragana , Savić Milena , Đorđević Predrag
Published: November 2020

The work was created with the aim to research the value and presence of Pirot kilim, more precisely its patterns as fundamental visual presenters of this product traditionally originating from Pirot in the field of contemporary fashion design. As a brand which with its quality crossed the local borders, potentials of Pirot kilim seem to be limitless but also not sufficiently used in the modern fashion design. In this context, the research of this resource was emphasized first on the local level especially in the field of applied art and more precisely in fashion as one of the most productive industries. The study analyses the work of designers who originate from Pirot and therfore are true connoiseurs of local tradition and culture. In some segments, the notion of traditional went beyond that framework and the designers breathed a new modern form into it which is adequate to the modern lifestyle. Apart from the use of Pirot motif pattern, the designers Ana Grgurović and Silvana Tošić have the cooperation with the local industry in common, the management of which recognised the value of its old products which in their redesigned form reach the catwalks and thus gain a new, so far unknown market.
Burnt down beech wood area at the location of Visoka Stena second year after the fire on Vidlič Mountain
Authors: Rakonjac Ljubinko , Nikolić Biljana , Marković Marija , Ratknić Tatjana , Lučić Aleksandar
Published: November 2020

Second year after the fire broke out on Vidlič Mountain during the summer of 2007, the changes of burnt down beech wood vegtation were recorded. Fitocenological research of the beeech wood habitat at the location of Visoka Stena two years after the fire, was carried out in accordance with Braun-Blanquet method. The results of the terrain research were given in the form of fitocenological table. It was noticed that the most present species were Rubus idaeus, Epilobium angustifolium, Galium mollugo, Doronicum columnae, Lactuca muralis and Securigera varia. Turf grass such as Brachypodium sylvaticum, Poa nemoralis, Poa badensis, Festuca varia, Festuca valesiaca and Agrostis capillaris was also present which is a significant factor in the succession process as grass is a powerful colonist. The conclusion was that revitalization of the beech wood depends on how much the beech trees had been destroyed by the fire.
The position and authorizations of enforcement officers in the Belarusian legal system
Authors: Masnikosa Vujadin
Published: November 2020

Considering the fact that the profession of the enforcement officer has an increasingly efficient role both in securing and realizing creditors' claims, which was significantly contributed by the introduction of the system of the enforcement officers as independent, non-state entities in a large number of legal systems (the so-called out of the court enforcement officers), the author analyzes the Belarusian model according to which the profession of the enforcement officer is still a part of the apparatus of the state power and its basic features. In some places, the author will make a comparison with the current position of enforcement officers in Republic of Serbia, and present a conclusion on the efficiency of both models.
English noun+noun syntactic structures in English for specific purposes and their Serbian equivalents
Authors: Rajović Jelena , Spasić-Stojković Milica
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a structure agreement between syntactic structures consisting of two nouns [N + N] in English for Occupational Health and Safety and their Serbian equivalents. After narrowing down the results of the research to approximately five thousand examples and ordering them by frequency of appearance in the corpus, a sample of about one hundred and seventy items was extracted and translated into Serbian. The analysis shows that there are three main types of Serbian translation equivalents but none of them are structurally identical to English noun + noun structures.
John Amos Comenius: The teacher of nations and the founder of didactic principles
Authors: Krulj Jelena , Vidosavljević Slađana , Mladenović Nataša
Published: November 2020

The origin of didactics as a science discipline dates from as far back as the ancient slave states, so the very term didactics (didaskein) comes from the ancient Greek language, meaning to teach. This term later underwent certain changes and the term didactica (didactics) originated in Latin. Today, all scientific vocabulary comes from these two languages (Latin and Greek). The first, more precise definition of this concept was given by Wolfgang Ratke (1571-1635) and John Amos Comenius (1592-1670), who are also considered the founders of didactics. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of didactic principles and the great importance and contribution of Comenius as their founder and the founder of didactics in general. We have to mention that Comenius dedicated his entire life and work to the search for the overall improvement of the teaching process and the education of people, and how successful he was can be seen in the fact that his didactic principles still stand the test of time. He is considered to be one of the greatest educational reformers.
Testing
Authors: Potter Mary A.
Published: November 2020

Early in Raleigh Schorling's career he was fascinated by the possibilities of testing as a scientific technique to use in increasing competence in mathematics in American education. Although he had an unusual flair for dramatizing the principles of mathematics, he considered teaching a science as well as an art and used tests as scientific tools to improve the outcomes of instruction.
What About the Structure of the Mathematics Curriculum?
Authors: Wren F. Lynwood
Published: November 2020

Slightly more than three centuries ago the Latin Grammar School, the first secondary school in the United States, was established in Boston, Massachusetts. This school was organized primarily to prepare boys in Latin grammar and literature for entrance into college. Although mathematics found no place in this curriculum it later gained entrance under the guise of arithmetic and through the avenue of the writing schools. Once admitted, arithmetic continued to gain significance as an integral part of the curriculum.
Square Root
Authors: Gruenberger Fred
Published: November 2020

The subject of square root cuts across the entire range of mathematics courses, from arithmetic to the calculus, and seems to cause trouble in every course.
Affiliated Groups and the Future of the National Council
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics with more than 7000 members is already one of the largest professional organizations of teachers in any subject matter area. If the Council is to carry out its function to improve mathematics teaching at all levels of instruction everywhere, it not only should have a much larger membership but it will also have to constantly improve its services and make sure that its members and mathematics teachers everywhere make use of these services.
Applications
Authors: Myers Sheldon S.
Published: November 2020

We are trying hard to keep errors and ambiguities at a minimum in this department. Do not hesitate to write us if anything does not seem to be quite right. We would like to correct two items in C.Al. 1 Gr. 10–12 Arithmetic Series in the Home. The left arrow indicating the horizontal length of the steps should stop at a point vertically beneath the top of the steps. The formula S = n(a + L/2) should read S = n(a + L)/2.
Linear Equations Without Determinants
Authors: MacDuffee C. C.
Published: November 2020

Determinants have become such a tradition in algebra that it is perhaps well to remind teachers of mathematics that the method of determinants is not in general the easiest way to solve systems of linear equations. In the special case of n consistent and independent equations in n unknowns, the method of determinants is very effective, but it is not well adapted to the treatment of special types of systems.
Topics of Interest to Mathematics Teachers: Meaning, Rigor and Discipline in Secondary Mathematics
Authors: Schaaf William L.
Published: November 2020

For a considerable number of years now we have been greatly concerned about the slow learners in mathematics. Until the relatively recent advent of “second track” mathematics, the standard courses in algebra and geometry were gradually watered down until they no longer offered a challenge even to moderately able pupils. Nor has the somewhat checkered career of “general mathematics” helped matters very much. Isn't it about time that we gave a little thought to the more able pupils—there are some still, of course—and stop deceiving them as to the nature of mathematics? The appearance in the literature during the last two or three years of several excellent papers dealing with a more rigorous treatment of elementary mathematics would seem to suggest that the time is ripe for some changes in this direction.
Mathematical Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

The Christmas greeting extended by this department to the readers of The Mathematics Teacher elicited several interesting responses.
Book Section
Authors: Stipanowich Joseph
Published: November 2020

This section presents the latest books which have been received for review in The Mathematics Teacher. Reviews of many of these books will appear in the monthly issues. Members of the Council are invited to send us further comments or corrections of errors relating to any of the books mentioned. In addition, a free loan service is being arranged whereby any member may borrow any of the books listed for a period not to exceed two weeks. Requests should be addressed to The Mathematics Teacher, 212 Lunt Building, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
The President's Page
Authors: Charlesworth H. W.
Published: November 2020

WHAT are the recent developments in the mobilization of education for national security? What is the impact of mobilization on instruction in the schools? What are the implications for mathematics?
Organization Patterns of Affiliated Groups
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

Leaders of organizations of mathematics teachers considering affiliation with the National Council ask many questions about the nature of the organization of Groups already affiliated. The Committee has now on file constitutions of the various Affiliated Groups and these are made available to any Groups, affiliated or un-affiliated, which are writing their first constitutions or considering revisions. The constitutions are the best source of information on the nature of the various organizations and are the source of most of the information in this report.
A Mathematics Program for the Able
Authors: Price G. Baley
Published: November 2020

In 1946 Herbert Hoover [10, pp. 436-437] said, “It is dinned into us that this is the century of the common man…. But if we arc to have leadership in government, in science, in education, in the professions and in the home, we must find and train some uncommon men and women.” The able and the gifted— once the primary concern of our schools, colleges, and universities—are now largely a forgotten group as a result of the growth of mass education. There are encouraging signs of improvement, however. Last year the Educational Policies Commission issued a report [6] entitled Education of the Gifted which considers the gifted student and his importance to society, and which recommends ways and means of identifying and educating the gifted. The present paper may be considered an effort to examine and interpret, in the special field of mathematics, the general conclusions and recommendations of this report. The paper begins with a background of facts; recommendations follow.
Application
Authors: Myers Sheldon S.
Published: November 2020

Your department editor has been doing a great deal of thinking and reading concerning the role of applications in mathematics instruction. Following are several key references which we have found: “The Necessary Redirection of Mathematics, Including its Relation to National Defense,” by William Betz in The Mathematics Teacher, April, 1912, page 147; “The Use of Applications for Instructional Purposes,” by Edwin G. Olds in The Mathematics Teacher, February, 1941, page 78; “The Mathematics Most Used in the Sciences of Physics, Chemistry, Engineering and Higher Mathematics,” by George II. Nickle in The Mathematics Teacher, February, 1942, page 77; A Study of Problem Material in High School Algebra by Jesse Powell, Contributions to Education, No. 405, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1929.
Mathematical Training Prescribed by Teachers Colleges in the Preparation of Elementary Teachers
Authors: Layton W. I.
Published: November 2020

This paper will attempt to show the mathematical training prescribed by eighty-five institutions of higher learning which prepare elementary teachers. These institutions are all accredited by the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. Geographically speaking, they are located in forty-five states and include state colleges, state teachers colleges, state universities, and privately endowed institutions.
Mathematical Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

This is an age of preparedness in which we live. We are being warned of imminent dangers that may beset us in this troubled world of ours. We are threatened with all sorts of calamities.
The Relation of Mathematics to the Core Curriculum
Authors: Jansen Henry S.
Published: November 2020

A large group of educators is calling for a complete socialization of the high school program by the use of a core curriculum. This curriculum would take the common experiences of all fields of subject matter and combine them into an “integrated program” in which the pupil would learn by using all knowledge indiscriminately. Most forward looking mathematics teachers agree that we must stop compartmentalizing our mathematics by subjects and years, and proceed to fuse algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and analytics, into a single complete development of the science of number and space. But the core curriculum goes one better and includes not only this, but a fusing of all subjects into one single complete development of knowledge that will function in the life of every individual. Professor Fehr1 feels that mathematics teachers are afraid of this because they are afraid the good ship mathematics may be lost in the process. The educators who are proposing the core curriculum are intelligent people. Let us then be perfectly frank and seek to learn if socialization by the use of the core curriculum is a desirable program in the high school, and if it is, how it can be achieved.
Use of Standardized Tests of Mathematics in New York State Secondary Schools
Authors: Tinkelman Sherman N. , Chapman Minerva K.
Published: November 2020

Probably the question asked most frequently of the New York State Education Department's test advisory service is: “What standardized tests are the other schools using and how well satisfied are they with their results?” To obtain a cross-sectional picture of actual practice in the state with respect to the use of standardized tests of mathematics, questionnaires were sent in the fall of 1951 to the approximately 1,300 schools of secondary grade (grades 7-12) in the state. The chairman of the mathematics department or the teacher in charge of mathematics in each school was asked to indicate the standardized tests of mathematics administered in the school during the 1950-1951 school year, the reason for using the tests, and his evaluation of the tests. Such information promises to be helpful to mathematics teachers in deriving suggestions for the evaluation and improvement of their own testing programs.
The President's Page
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

It is my plan from time to time to report on this page special activities of the National Council. Many advantages can come to our organization as the membership keeps informed about programs and studies in progress and for which in many cases the members can make valuable suggest ions. Suggestions will be welcomed by those responsible for the activities or by me. This month brief preliminary reports will be made on the work of two important committees.
Mathematics Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

With the advent of the holiday season the thoughts of many turn to the selection, or, if it is possible, to the designing of interesting and ingenious messages of greetings. Generally, the prevailing idea that mathematical greeting cards are either dull or uninteresting is far from being correct. A mathematical greeting card may be as attractive as a reproduction of a Currier and Ives or of a Grandma Moses painting. A mathematical greeting card may be a means for some very interesting and instructive activities in a classroom.
Mathematics Miscellanea
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: November 2020

College geometry texts commonly give two methods for constructing a triangle when the three medians are given. One method makes use of the whole median to fix an auxiliary triangle; the other uses two-thirds of each median for the auxiliary triangle. Both of these methods are given in Nathan Altshiller-Court's College Geometry, section 76, page 79.
Magic letters—TV—and magic squares
Authors: Esmond Robert V.
Published: November 2020

It takes lots of time and effort to put on a thirteen-minute TV program. The experience of one group at Northern Illinois State Teachers College will prove to be of interest to others who are thinking about a mathematical TV program
The engineer in industry–seen and unseen mathematics
Authors: Lee Everett S.
Published: November 2020

Ofttimes, the people who have the original ideas and the drive to do new things are young—very young.
The concept of a literal number symbol
Authors: Beberman Max , Meserve Bruce E.
Published: November 2020

The time has certainly come to consider those experiences which will develop the concept of variable and function. It will not do to rely on words.
Involution operated geometrically
Authors: Sornito Juan E.
Published: November 2020

High school students of plane geometry may be interested in the central theme of this paper as a generalization of the usual problem of finding a line equal to the square of a given line.
What is Going on in Your School?: Why Pupils elect to Take Mathematics
Authors: Long Roy G.
Published: November 2020

For several semesters at Bosse High School, the students in many of the mathematics classes have been required to carry out a project on some subject of math as an individual and contribute his results to the class. These projects are used in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry classes as an extra credit incentive for the students. The list of topics is usually developed by teacher-pupil discussions, the students being encouraged to originate their own projects to fit in with what the class is studying. After the student has selected his topic, a conference is held with the teacher to discuss plans for developing the project. The projects are done by the student on his own time and must be completed by a specified time.
Mathematical Miscellanea: On certain cases of congruence of triangles
Authors: Thebault Victor
Published: November 2020

It is the purpose of this note to present and to apply certain simple cases of congruence of triangles, obtained by associating sets of three corresponding elements.
Modern mathematics and the secondary school curriculum
Authors: Northrop E. P.
Published: November 2020

This article underlines the current dissatisfaction with the high school curriculum and, at the same lime, offers a few pointers for the next steps to be taken.
Mathematics in the Junior High School: What should be the nature and content of junior high school mathematics?
Authors: Reeve William David
Published: November 2020

I do not think that the various departments, so called, in The Mathematics Teacher are equally interesting or equally valuable, but a new department, introduced in the January, 1955, issue, is one that I think should receive the support of all teachers of mathematics whether or not they are actually members of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. I refer, of course, to the new department edited by Kinney and Dawson of Stanford University. It will have my full support because I think that we have made a failure, more or less, of the junior high school movement.
A new mathematical association contest
Authors: Lloyd Daniel B.
Published: November 2020

The Committee on Contests, Scholarships, and Talent Search, a Committee of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, reports on a successful project designed to interest high school students of mathematics.
Historically Speaking,— Analysis of an ancient method of computation
Authors: Dagobert E. Bonavent
Published: November 2020

The method of computation under discussion here is old, indeed. It has survived through the ages. It has a long and honored past. It is related to the method of duplation, the most ancient reference to which is found in an Egyptian papyrus of about 1000 b.c.1 Yet it still excites interest because of its baffling simplicity. It is an ancient method of multiplication.
Building a mathematics program—an adventure in co-operative planning
Authors: Allen Frank B.
Published: November 2020

This account of an “adventure in co-operative planning” underscores a fundamental principle of group action; namely, any administrator or committee that works on a problem involving groups of people must give first consideration to means whereby the group will accept the problem as its own.
Some foundations of Soviet educational power
Authors: Caldwell Oliver J.
Published: November 2020

As teachers we cannot learn too much about the purposes and structure of Soviet education: “ … generation must build an educational structure adequate for all needs ….”
Tips for Beginners: Getting started in a ninth grade nonacademic class
Authors: Sobel Max A.
Published: November 2020

One of the most difficult problems faced by every teacher, new or experienced, is that of getting a class started at the outset of a term. This problem is even more difficult when one faces a nonacademic group of students with their all-too-frequent hostility toward mathematics. This problem manifests itself especially in the ninth grade, where many students enter the course with a dislike built up by eight years of failure in the elementary and junior high school grades. Before offering some concrete suggestions for handling the situation, it is advisable to examine these youths and determine their basic characteristics and needs.
Tips for Beginners: Review lessons in arithmetic
Authors: Adkins Julia , Payne Joseph N. , Lowry William C.
Published: November 2020

Review lessons are essential in the teaching of mathematics, but too often they are merely repetition of previous work— the work being clone in exactly the same way as originally presented. For a review to be successful it should approach a topic from a fresh point of view. The areas of history of mathematics, recreational mathematics, and applications of mathematics offer a wealth of material which may be used to provide this fresh point of view.
Trisecting any angle
Authors: Mock Alex J.
Published: November 2020

Trisecting angles will he of interest to tenth-graders as long as geometry is taught in the high school. Here a trisection method which often tempts high-school students is proved fallacious.
Providing for the slow learner in the junior high school
Authors: Sobel Max A.
Published: November 2020

While planning work for the slow learner, we must keep in mind some psychological facts about these pupils if the program is to be effective.
Tips for Beginners: Course requirements and grading
Authors: Lowry William C.
Published: November 2020

There arc some teachers who feel it is necessary early in a course to tell the pupils precisely what will be expected of them throughout the year and to specify for the pupils a definite, objective plan on which their grades will be based. Among the many other activities during the first day of school, then, a teacher of this persuasion also makes a rather detailed statement of the requirements in the course on which the pupils will be graded.
No space geometry in the space age?
Authors: Smiley Charles H. , Petersen David K.
Published: November 2020

In what way should the high school mathematics curriculum be revised because of man's increased interest in outer space?
Some observations on mathematics curriculum trends
Authors: Smith Rev. D. B.
Published: November 2020

Is modern abstract algebra a suitable subject for secondary school students? Is calculus a suitable subject for secondary school students?
A problem with touching circles
Authors: Satterly John
Published: November 2020

Those who enjoy geometric construction problems will find much pleasure in drawing combinations of touching circles.
Applications of finite arithmetic, I
Authors: Dubisch Roy
Published: November 2020

Finite arithmetics may he used to considerable advantage in problems involving the factorization of polynomials with integral coefficients.
A test for divisibility
Authors: Stastny Sister M. Barbara
Published: November 2020

Some interesting divisibility properties of numbers.
Using a negative base for number notation
Authors: Wells Chauncey H.
Published: November 2020

Experimenting with negative base notation not only strengthens the understanding of decimal notation but also leads to new discoveries of interesting patterns of numbers.
The Perry Movement
Authors: Mock Gordon D.
Published: November 2020

Facts (or what are believed to be facts) are presented and any resemblance to reform programs, either alive or dead, is purely coincidental.
The school mathematics circle and olympiads at Moscow State University
Authors: Wirszup Izaak
Published: November 2020

The school mathematics circles, the lectures in mathematics, and the olympiads have become an important part of the life of Moscow school pupils.
Programmed instructional materials—past, present, and future
Authors: Forbes Jack E.
Published: November 2020

What is the future for the use of programmed materials in mathematics teaching?
Aids in understanding proof by mathematical induction
Authors: Beach James W.
Published: November 2020

A chance to learn what it means to say “necessary but not sufficient”
An approach to vector geometry
Authors: Troyer Robert J.
Published: November 2020

Some ideas of how vector analytic geometry might be developed for high school classes
The problem of the angle bisectors
Authors: Holzingeu Joseph
Published: November 2020

A topic suitable for a high school or college mathematics club or for assignment as a special report by a student in a class in trigonometry
The area of a rectangle
Authors: Ringenberg Lawrence A.
Published: November 2020

Why is the area of a rectangle the product of the measures of its length and width?
Historically Speaking,— On ancient Chinese mathematics
Authors: Struik D. J.
Published: November 2020

Those wishing to obtain information on ancient Chinese mathematics, and ignorant of the language, have always been handicapped by the scarcity of sources of information. Most of our knowledge had to be gathered from one book by the Japanese mathematician Yoshio Mikami, published in 1913 and written in English [1].*
An iterative application for elementary algebra
Authors: Leake Lowell
Published: November 2020

Should high school mathematics teachers spend more time teaching iterative procedures?
Experimental Programs: Motivation and general mathematics students
Authors: Holtan Boyd
Published: November 2020

Programs in mathematics in the secondary school have been undergoing an evolution, even called by some a revolution [7].† A number of experimental programs and commission recommendations appropriate for the college-capable group have been developed, such as materials from the School Mathematics Study Group, the University of Illinois Committee on School Mathematics, and the College Entrance Examination Board Recommendations. Much less consideration appears to have been given to the group of students in the secondary school who do not fall into the college-capable group.
An Analysis of Elementary Functions for High School Students
Authors: Marie Teresa
Published: November 2020

Using graphs as aids for problem solving
Experimental Programs: A comparative Study of Methods of Teaching Plane Geometry
Authors: Jordy James L.
Published: November 2020

We are all confronted today with “modern methods” of teaching the school population. Though most of these methods may be still termed experimental, many are in print and available for use in quantity. This is certainly true in mathematics.
Some Remarks Concerning Families of Circles and Radical Axes
Authors: Bradley James A.
Published: November 2020

An interesting geometrical discussion
Introducing number theory in high school algebra and geometry, Part I: Algebra
Authors: Barnett I. A.
Published: November 2020

An effective way to undo overcompartmentalization
A deceptively easy problem
Authors: Elkin Jack M.
Published: November 2020

An item for honors pupils
Definitions without exceptions
Authors: D'augustine Charles H.
Published: November 2020

Consistency is a jewel worth scrutinizing.
Computers for school mathematics
Authors: Hoffman Walter , Albrecht Robert L , Atchison William F. , Charp Sylvia , Forsythe. Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Broad use of computers in secondary schools seems to be indicated for the not-too-distant future.
On determining a linear combination of a set of variables from a given system of linear equations
Authors: Singer Arnold
Published: November 2020

An interesting mathematical note
Experimental Programs: Effectiveness of programmed teaching in college algebra
Authors: Kellems Robert L.
Published: November 2020

With the recent development of programmed textbooks for general use in schools, additional research in many phases of the program is needed to reveal further evidence of the value of these new texts. It is hoped by educators and programmers alike that these programmed texts will increase the efficiency of classroom instruction and free the teacher from ordinary drillwork. The extra time thus made available to the instructor can then be devoted to explaining the more enriching points of the subject and to maintaining student interest. In order to gain further knowledge of the value of commercially produced programmed material in the teaching of mathematics, a three-semester study was designed.
A technique for low achievers
Authors: Easterday Kenneth E.
Published: November 2020

A sample lesson that has brought success