bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photobiont Relationships and Phylogenetic History of Dermatocarpon luridum var. luridum and Related Dermatocarpon Species
Authors: Fontaine Kyle M. , Beck Andreas , Stocker-Wörgötter Elfie , Piercey-Normore Michele D.
Published: October 2012

Members of the genus Dermatocarpon are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere along the edge of lakes, rivers and streams, and are subject to abiotic conditions reflecting both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Little is known about the evolutionary relationships within the genus and between continents. Investigation of the photobiont(s) associated with sub-aquatic and terrestrial Dermatocarpon species may reveal habitat requirements of the photobiont and the ability for fungal species to share the same photobiont species under different habitat conditions. The focus of our study was to determine the relationship between Canadian and Austrian Dermatocarpon luridum var. luridum along with three additional sub-aquatic Dermatocarpon species, and to determine the species of photobionts that associate with D. luridum var. luridum. Culture experiments were performed to identify the photobionts. In addition, the question of the algal sharing potential regarding different species of Dermatocarpon was addressed. Specimens were collected from four lakes in northwestern Manitoba, Canada and three streams in Austria. Three Canadian and four Austrian thalli of D. luridum var. luridum were selected for algal culturing. The nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA gene of the fungal partner along with the algal ITS rDNA gene was sequenced to confirm the identity of the lichen/photobiont and afterwards the same data sets were used in phylogenetic analyses to assess algal sharing. The green algal photobiont was identified as Diplosphaera chodatii (Trebouxiophyceae). The phylogenetic analyses of Canadian and Austrian D. luridum var. luridum revealed that ITS sequences are identical despite the vast geographic distance. Phylogenetic placement of D. luridum var. decipiens and D. arnoldianum suggested that a re-examination of the species status might be necessary. This study concluded that additional photobiont culture experiments should be conducted to answer the question of whether multiple photobionts are present within the genus Dermatocarpon.
Palladium-catalyzed dual C–H or N–H functionalization of unfunctionalized indole derivatives with alkenes and arenes
Authors: Broggini Gianluigi , Beccalli Egle M , Fasana Andrea , Gazzola Silvia
Published: October 2012

This review highlights the development of palladium-catalyzed C–H and N–H functionalization reactions involving indole derivatives. These procedures require unactivated starting materials and are respectful of the basic principle of sustainable chemistry tied to atom economy.
Accompagnement de la fin de vie aux urgences
Authors: Grange Claude , Revue Eric , Héron Anne
Published: October 2012

Résumé Un grand nombre de personnes en fin de vie décèdent aux urgences dans des conditions insatisfaisantes, sur des brancards, dans les couloirs, sans accompagnement adapté. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, un protocole spécifique d’accompagnement des patients admis aux urgences avec un diagnostic « soins palliatifs » a été élaboré, mis en place et testé sur une période de douze mois. La nature et la qualité de la prise en charge ont été évaluées par des questionnaires anonymes destinés aux personnels soignants référents, à l’équipe mobile de soins palliatifs et aux familles.
Dispersion des prix et efficacité des marchés compétitifs
Authors: Foucart Renaud
Published: October 2012

Résumé En théorie, quand les marchés sont compétitifs, des biens identiques sont vendus à un prix unique. En pratique, cette loi ne se vérifie pas. Cet article s’attache à comprendre comment un marché disposant des caractéristiques proches de la concurrence parfaite peut présenter une dispersion des prix. C’est le cas lorsqu’il existe un coût infime de recherche de l’information et une possibilité pour les vendeurs de diversifier leurs espaces de vente, à qualité identique. En présence d’une telle dispersion des prix, le marché est inefficace à apparier vendeurs et acheteurs : une part des acheteurs consomme dans un magasin ne correspondant pas à ses préférences. Quand la consommation résulte d’une décision de groupe, comme c’est le cas pour de nombreux biens de loisirs, une deuxième défaillance de marché s’ajoute : une trop grande diversité de l’offre diminue la possibilité pour les groupes hétérogènes de disposer d’un appariement.
Le collège unique est-il (vraiment) un maillon faible ?
Authors: Zaffran Joël
Published: October 2012

Résumé Le collège unique fait l’objet de critiques par ses détracteurs qui voient dans la démocratisation scolaire les causes de sa faiblesse. Cet article prend part au débat en discutant l’hypothèse selon laquelle le titre de « maillon faible » dont il est affublé ne certifie pas un allègement des contraintes que le collège impose aux adolescents mais une pression plus forte exercée par la forme scolaire. On assiste en effet au renforcement de la forme scolaire dû à trois dimensions inhérentes à la modernité avancée : le risque scolaire, la réflexivité, la dissociation du temps et de l’espace scolaires. De sorte que le mode scolaire de socialisation reste dominant dans les sphères d’activités sociales des adolescents dans et hors temps scolaire. Ce faisant, le titre de « maillon faible » est à rattacher aux conséquences de la modernité sur l’école et l’expérience adolescente.
Technology and Nursing Education: Building an Online Toolkit
Authors: Hart Carolyn
Published: October 2012

In last month’s Teaching Tips, the use of online technologies by staff educators was discussed. The terms freeware and open source were explained, along with the ground rules for implementing technology in teaching practice. One of the difficulties in adopting new technologies can be the confusion that often exists over understanding how to use them appropriately. This article identifies several technologies that are available and may offer ideas as to how to develop fresh, interactive content.
Outpatient Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lohr W. David , Le Jennifer F.
Published: October 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Recognize and accurately diagnose Asperger’s disorder and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an out-patient setting.

2.

Understand the role clinical rating instruments play in the diagnosis of ASD.

3.

Appreciate the multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of ASD.

The patient is a 14-year-old male referred for problems with anger. He becomes easily frustrated by his siblings and by homework, and he will scream and ball his fists. His parents report he seems to have poor self-esteem with some episodes of crying. The patient has only two friends and has difficulty making eye contact with others. He resists affection from his mother.
Bilateral Simultaneous Stage 1 Macular Hole
Authors: Alwassia Ahmad A. , Adhi Mehreen , Duker Jay S.
Published: October 2012

The authors describe two cases of bilateral simultaneous stage 1 macular hole diagnosed via optical coherence tomography (OCT). Vitreomacular traction, foveal pseudo cysts, and outer retinal changes were present initially. Resolution of the foveal pseudo cysts and outer retinal changes occurred in cases where a complete posterior vitreous detachment was noted. The initial step in the pathogenesis of macular holes is “traction” from the detaching posterior hyaloid. However, there are missing links in the exact inciting events and in the progression of the disease. The development of bilateral stage 1 macular holes simultaneously is unique and interesting because an unknown common inciting factor might be at play in these cases.
Intraocular Lens Position Following In-the-Bag Implantation of Single-Piece Versus Three-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Robert Marie-Claude , Harasymowycz Paul
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report the position of the single-piece and three-piece intraocular lenses (IOLs) following in-the-bag implantation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Forty patients with bilateral age-related cataracts were recruited from both tertiary hospital and private practice in Montréal, Canada. Patients received the single-piece IOL in one eye and the three-piece IOL contralaterally. Postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) and iris-to-IOL distance were evaluated using a Scheimpflug imaging system.

RESULTS:

Mean ACD was 4.21 ± 0.32 mm for the single-piece IOL and 3.94 ± 0.34 mm for the three-piece IOL. Mean iris-to-IOL distance was 0.70 ± 0.19 mm for the single-piece IOL and 0.44 ± 0.21 mm for the three-piece IOL. The difference between paired eyes was 0.26 ± 0.20 mm (
P
= .002) for ACD and 0.25 ± 0.21 mm (
P <
.001) for iris-to-IOL distance.

CONCLUSION:

The single-piece IOL was positioned more posteriorly to the iris and allowed for a greater ACD than the three-piece IOL.
Assistance Tool for Teachers: The TEATIME tool for the Design of Pedagogical Devices
Authors: Leclet Dominique
Published: October 2012

This paper was withdrawn by the authors on 15 May 2013.

Contact: marilyne.rosselle@u-picardie.fr
Un printemps arabe ? L’émulation protestataire et ses limites
Authors: Camau Michel
Published: October 2012

L’expression « printemps arabe » s’est imposée comme allant de soi pour désigner un processus d’émulation protestataire sans précédent dans la région. La métaphore doit beaucoup à la facilité journalistique. Toutefois le questionnement nécessaire du « printemps arabe » ne saurait s’en tenir à ce type de considérations. Il se rapporte tout à la fois aux limites de l’émulation protestataire et à celles de notre propre savoir. Nul n’avait prévu la « révolution tunisienne », pas plus que ses répliques en égypte et dans d’autres pays arabes. L’élan protestataire s’est diffusé, sans toutefois emprunter partout les mêmes formes, ni revêtir la même intensité, ni surtout produire les mêmes effets. Il ressort de l’ensemble une marge d’indétermination, dont l’élucidation passe par l’examen de trois ordres de problèmes, étroitement liés mais analytiquement distincts : les ambigüités du label « révolution », la surprise produite par des événements tenus après coup pour inéluctables, les effets de démonstration et de contexte dans le cycle de protestation. Les éléments de réponse avancés dans l’article se déploient à partir des notions de crise de légitimation comme critère de différenciation parmi les « révolutions arabes », d’ignorance pluraliste au regard de l’opacité des préférences des acteurs en situation autoritaire et enfin d’apprentissage des gouvernants par rapport à leurs modes de prévention et de gestion des crises de légitimation.
Le Caire, 2011. Plongée ethnographique au coeur des lijân sha’abeya (comités populaires)
Authors: Lachenal Perrine
Published: October 2012

La place Tahrir, dans le centre-ville du Caire, apparaît comme la scène incontournable des mobilisations qui ont secoué l’Egypte au début de l’année 2011 et acculé Hosni Mubarak à quitter le pouvoir. On en oublierait presque le reste de la ville, immense, qui a été traversé durant cette même période, par des dynamiques qui ont donné naissance à des phénomènes inédits, dont les « comités populaires » font partie. Pour faire face au retrait calculé des forces de police et à la peur provoquée par les récits réels ou fantasmés – de violences urbaines, les habitants et habitantes du Caire s’organisent. D’abord de manière spontanée, puis de plus en plus « professionnelle », des centaines de « comités populaires », ou lijân sha’abeya, vont pendant plus de trois semaines, assurer la sécurité dans les différents quartiers du Caire. Ces « brigades » civiles, grâce à une étude réalisée à partir des discours de ceux et celles qui les ont incarnées, se révèlent être des exemples uniques d’organisation collective spontanée, supports d’alliances improbables et d’affirmations identitaires – spatiales et sexuées. Loin de l’épicentre de la révolution, dans l’espace familier des quartiers et l’intime des maisons, sur des scènes moins médiatisées, d’autres acteurs et actrices ont contribué à « faire » l’Histoire.
« 20 février ». Discours et portraits d’un mouvement de révolte au Maroc
Authors: Baylocq Cédric , Granci Jacopo
Published: October 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux conséquences du « Printemps arabe » dans la seule monarchie du Maghreb. Moins fulgurant que dans d’autres pays, ce « printemps » n’en a pas moins favorisé une réforme constitutionnelle et des élections anticipées. C’est à travers le prisme du « Mouvement du 20 février », plateforme militante ayant réussi à mobiliser plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes à travers le Maroc durant le premier semestre 2011 que nous appréhendons les effets concrets de ce « Printemps arabe » in situ et les discours de ses acteurs marocains.
Les notices d'Aldébaran
Authors: Peyssard Jean-Christophe , Ginouvès Véronique , Salamon Anaïs
Published: October 2012

http://aldebaran.revues.orgAldébaran est une revue électronique, en libre accès, qui propose une sélection de ressources documentaires en sciences humaines à travers des notices de sites et des conseils de recherche. Les notices présentées dans ce numéro ont été rédigées par Véronique Ginouvès (MMSH, Aix-en-Provence), Jean-Christophe Peyssard (Cléo, Marseille) et Anaïs Salamon (Bibliothèque des études islamiques, Université McGill, Montréal).
Time-Domain Approach for Acoustic Scattering of Rotorcraft Noise
Authors: Lee Seongkyu , Brentner Kenneth S. , Morris Philip J.
Published: October 2012

This paper addresses acoustic scattering of rotorcraft noise in the time domain. A time-domain equivalent source method is used since it is considered to be a computationally efficient method to solve acoustic scattering. In addition, the time-domain method provides a solution for all
frequencies of interest in a single computation and is able to predict the acoustic scattering of aperiodic signals. The prediction is validated against exact solutions for a monopole source. The numerical method is then used to predict acoustic scattering of noise from a BO105 tail rotor
by a representative fuselage. Complex directivity patterns are seen in the near field, and a large scattering effect is observed in the far field to the side of the fuselage. The time-domain code results of sound pressure level are validated against the results obtained by a frequency-domain
analysis. Finally, acoustic scattering for an impulsive noise source is investigated to simulate main rotor blade–vortex interaction noise. The scattered pressure has a comparable amplitude as that of the incident pressure so that the total pressure is dramatically changed compared to
the incident pressure. For the impulsive noise, a large computational time saving is achieved compared to the frequency-domain approach, in which the computation must be repeated for each frequency.
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia presenting as symptomatic obstructive hydrocephalus: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Seshadri Roopa , Sadashiva Nishant , Shukla Dhaval , Saini Jitender , Pandey Paritosh
Published: October 2012

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a common, but usually asymptomatic condition characterized by marked elongation, dilatation, and tortousity of the vertebral and basilar arteries. VBD can sometimes present with symptoms related to mass effect like cranial nerve palsies, or with ischemia or hemorrhage. Hydrocephalus is an extremely uncommon presentation of VBD. We describe here a patient with VBD who presented with symptomatic hydrocephalus due to third ventricular obstruction, which was relieved by ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Airborne high spectral resolution lidar observation of pollution aerosol during EUCAARI-LONGREX
Authors: Groß S. , Esselborn M. , Abicht F. , Wirth M. , Fix A. , Minikin A.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Airborne high spectral resolution lidar observations over Europe during the EUCAARI field experiment in May 2008 are analysed with respect to spatial distribution and optical properties of continental pollution aerosol. Continental aerosol is characterized by its depolarisation and lidar ratio. Mean values of 6%±1% for the particle linear depolarisation ratio, and 56 sr±6 sr for the lidar ratio were found for pollution aerosol. Both, lidar ratio and depolarisation ratio at 532 nm show virtually no variations for all analysed days during the measurement campaign.
Kinetic bottlenecks to chemical exchange rates for deep-sea animals – Part 1: Oxygen
Authors: Hofmann A. F. , Peltzer E. T. , Brewer P. G.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Ocean warming will reduce dissolved oxygen concentrations which can pose challenges to marine life. Oxygen limits are traditionally reported simply as a static concentration thresholds with no temperature, pressure or flow rate dependency. Here we treat the oceanic oxygen supply potential for heterotrophic consumption as a dynamic molecular exchange problem analogous to familiar gas exchange processes at the sea surface. A combination of the purely physico-chemical oceanic properties temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and oxygen concentration defines the ability of the ocean to supply oxygen to any given animal. This general oceanic oxygen supply potential is modulated by animal specific properties such as the diffusive boundary layer thickness to define and limit maximal oxygen supply rates. Here we combine all these properties into formal, mechanistic equations defining novel oceanic properties that subsume various relevant classical oceanographic parameters to better visualize, map, comprehend, and predict the impact of ocean deoxygenation on aerobic life. By explicitly including temperature and hydrostatic pressure into our quantities, various ocean regions ranging from the cold deep-sea to warm, coastal seas can be compared. We define purely physico-chemical quantities to describe the oceanic oxygen supply potential, but also quantities that contain organism-specific properties which in a most generalized way describe general concepts and dependencies. We apply these novel quantities to example oceanic profiles around the world and find that temperature and pressure dependencies of diffusion and partial pressure create zones of greatest physical constriction on oxygen supply typically at around 1000 m depth, which coincides with oxygen concentration minimum zones. In these zones, which comprise the bulk of the world ocean, ocean warming and deoxygenation have a clear negative effect for aerobic life. In some shallow and warm waters the enhanced diffusion and higher partial pressure due to higher temperatures might slightly overcompensate for oxygen concentration decreases due to decreases in solubility.
Impacts of dust deposition on dissolved trace metal concentrations (Mn, Al and Fe) during a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Wuttig K. , Wagener T. , Bressac M. , Dammshäuser A. , Streu P. , Guieu C. , Croot P. L.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The deposition of atmospheric dust is the primary process supplying trace elements abundant in crustal rocks (e.g. Al, Mn and Fe) to the surface ocean. Upon deposition, the residence time in surface waters for each of these elements differs according to their chemical speciation and biological utilization. Presently however their behavior after atmospheric deposition is poorly constrained, principally because of the difficulty in following natural dust events in-situ. In the present work we examined the temporal changes in the biogeochemistry of crustal metals (in particular Al, Mn and Fe) after an artificial dust deposition event. The experiment was contained inside trace metal clean mesocosms (0–12.5 m depths) deployed in the surface waters of the Northwestern Mediterranean, close to the coast of Corsica in the frame of the DUNE project (a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient low chlorophyll Ecosystem). Two consecutive artificial dust deposition events, each mimicking a wet deposition of 10 g m−2 of dust, were performed during the course of this DUNE-2 experiment. The changes in dissolved manganese (dMn), iron (dFe) and aluminium (dAl) concentrations were followed immediately and over the following week and their inventories and loss or dissolution rates were determined. The evolution of the inventories after the two consecutive additions of dust showed distinct behaviors for dMn, dAl and dFe. Even though the mixing conditions differed from one seeding to the other, dMn and dAl showed clear increases directly after both seedings due to dissolution processes. Three days after the dust additions, dAl concentrations decreased as a consequence of scavenging on sinking particles. dAl appeared to be highly affected by the concentrations of biogenic particles, with an order of magnitude difference in its loss rates related to the increase of biomass after the addition of dust. For dFe concentrations, the first dust addition decreased the concentrations through scavenging of the dust particles, whereas the second seeding induced dissolution of Fe from the dust particles. This difference, which might be related to a change in Fe-binding ligand concentration in the mesocosms, highlights the complex processes that control the solubility of Fe. Based on the inventories at the mesocosm scale, the estimations of solubility of metals from dust particles in seawater were 1% for Al and 40% for Mn which were in good agreement with laboratory based estimates. Overall, the trace metal dataset presented here makes a significant contribution to enhancing our knowledge on the processes influencing trace metals release from Saharan dust and the subsequent processes of bio-uptake and scavenging in a low nutrient low chlorophyll area.
Modelling large-scale ice-sheet–climate interactions following glacial inception
Authors: Gregory J. M. , Browne O. J. H. , Payne A. J. , Ridley J. K. , Rutt I. C.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. We have coupled the FAMOUS global AOGCM (atmosphere-ocean general circulation model) to the Glimmer thermomechanical ice-sheet model in order to study the development of ice-sheets in north-east America (Laurentia) and north-west Europe (Fennoscandia) following glacial inception. This first use of a coupled AOGCM–ice-sheet model for a study of change on long palæoclimate timescales is made possible by the low computational cost of FAMOUS, despite its inclusion of physical parameterisations similar in complexity to higher-resolution AOGCMs. With the orbital forcing of 115 ka BP, FAMOUS–Glimmer produces ice caps on the Canadian Arctic islands, on the north-west coast of Hudson Bay and in southern Scandinavia, which grow to occupy the Keewatin region of the Canadian mainland and all of Fennoscandia over 50 ka. Their growth is eventually halted by increasing coastal ice discharge. The expansion of the ice-sheets influences the regional climate, which becomes cooler, reducing the ablation, and ice accumulates in places that initially do not have positive surface mass balance. The results suggest the possibility that the glaciation of north-east America could have begun on the Canadian Arctic islands, producing a regional climate change that caused or enhanced the growth of ice on the mainland. The increase in albedo (due to snow and ice cover) is the dominant feedback on the area of the ice-sheets and acts rapidly, whereas the feedback of topography on SMB does not become significant for several centuries, but eventually has a large effect on the thickening of the ice-sheets. These two positive feedbacks are mutually reinforcing. In addition, the change in topography perturbs the tropospheric circulation, producing some reduction of cloud, and mitigating the local cooling along the margin of the Laurentide ice-sheet. Our experiments demonstrate the importance and complexity of the interactions between ice-sheets and local climate.
Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data
Authors: Velpuri N. M. , Senay G. B.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Lake Turkana, the largest desert lake in the world, is fed by ungauged or poorly gauged river systems. To meet the demand of electricity in the East African region, Ethiopia is currently building the Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the Omo River, which supplies more than 80% of the inflows to Lake Turkana. On completion, the Gibe III dam will be the tallest dam in Africa with a height of 241 m. However, the nature of interactions and potential impacts of regulated inflows to Lake Turkana are not well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable in situ datasets. In this study, we used 12 yr (1998–2009) of existing multi-source satellite and model-assimilated global weather data. We used a calibrated multi-source satellite data-driven water balance model for Lake Turkana that takes into account model routed runoff, lake/reservoir evapotranspiration, direct rain on lakes/reservoirs and releases from the dam to compute lake water levels. The model evaluates the impact of the Gibe III dam using three different approaches – a historical approach, a rainfall based approach, and a statistical approach to generate rainfall-runoff scenarios. All the approaches provided comparable and consistent results. Model results indicated that the hydrological impact of the Gibe III dam on Lake Turkana would vary with the magnitude and distribution of rainfall post-dam commencement. On average, the reservoir would take up to 8–10 months, after commencement, to reach a minimum operation level of 201 m depth of water. During the dam filling period, the lake level would drop up to 1–2 m (95% confidence) compared to the lake level modeled without the dam. The lake level variability caused by regulated inflows after the dam commissioning were found to be within the natural variability of the lake of 4.8 m. Moreover, modeling results indicated that the hydrological impact of the Gibe III dam would depend on the initial lake level at the time of dam commencement. Areas along the Lake Turkana shoreline that are vulnerable to fluctuations in lake levels due to the Gibe III dam were also identified. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using existing multi-source satellite data in a basic modeling framework to assess the potential hydrological impact of an upstream dam on a terminal downstream lake. The results obtained from this study could also be used to evaluate alternative dam-filling scenarios and assess the potential impact of the dam on Lake Turkana under different operational strategies.
Facile Synthesis and Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Nanosilver Composite
Authors: Pal Hemant , Sharma Vimal , Kumar Rajesh , Thakur Nagesh
Published: October 2012

Metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become popular in industrial applications. Due to their excellent thermophysical and mechanical properties, CNTs are considered as attractive filler for the improvement in properties of metals. In the present work, we have synthesized noncovalently functionalized CNT reinforced nanosilver composites by using a modified molecular level mixing method. The structure and morphology of nanocomposites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of silver-CNT nanocomposites measured by the four-point probe method is found to be more than that of the pure nanosilver. The significant improvement in electrical conductivity of Ag=CNT nanocomposites stems from homogenous and embedded distribution of CNTs in a silver matrix with intact structure resulting from noncovalent functionalization. The low temperature sintering also enhances the electrical conductivity of Ag=CNT nanocomposites.
Região de heterocromatina constitutiva em Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy e Gaimard,1824)(Perciformes: Cichlidae) do sistema lacustre do médio rio Doce (MG). DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.20
Authors: Silva Ana Paula A. , Dergam Jorge Abdala
Published: October 2012

A família Cichlidae pertence à ordem Perciformes, uma das famílias com maior riqueza de espécies entre os vertebrados. Geophagus brasiliensis é o ciclídeo com maior distribuição nas lagoas do médio rio Doce. Estudos citogenéticos sugerem que esse sistema de lagoas favoreceu a diferenciação citogenética de varias espécies de peixes, num intervalo de tempo relativamente curto. O cariótipo dessa espécie é caracterizado por 2n=48 com blocos de heterocromatinas nas regiões centroméricas em quase todos os cromossomos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a população do médio rio Doce a partir do bandeamento de heterocromatinas. Foram coletados 18 espécimes de G. brasiliensis em três lagoas. O resultado da Banda C apresentou marcações nas regiões centroméricas de quase todos os cromossomos. No braço menor de um cromossomo submetacêntrico observou-se uma marcação apenas nos indivíduos do sexo masculino. Marcações na região intersticial foram encontradas nessa população, sendo essa uma característica exclusiva desse sistema lacustre.
Avaliação do comportamento interespecífico de rã, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (rã pimenta) e Lithobates catesbeianus (rã-touro) em diferentes ambientes. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.23
Authors: De Souza Patrick Oliveira , Alves Adriano De Souza , Ribeiro Filho Oswaldo Pinto , Alves Rafael De Souza , Pereira Marcelo Maia
Published: October 2012

O experimento foi realizado no Ranário Experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, no período de 7 a 8 de novembro de 2010, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento interespecífico de 2 espécies de rã,  Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (rã-pimenta) e Lithobates catesbeianus (rã-touro)   em diferentes ambientes. Na baia 1 (piso de alvenaria) foram acondicionados 5 exemplares de rã-pimenta e 5 de rã-touro com peso médio de 171,6 ± 2g e 157,8 ± 2g respectivamente. Na baia 2 (piso de terra) foram acondicionados 5 exemplares de rã-pimenta e 5 de rã-touro com peso médio de 169,1± 2g  e 157,8 ± 2g  respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o ritmo circadiano das espécies envolvidas não sofreu alteração e que a presença de populações diferentes não interferiu no comportamento dos animais das baias 1 e 2. Sendo assim a rã-pimenta e a rã-touro podem ocupar o mesmo hábitat.
Desenvolvimento inicial de plantas jovens de pau-terra-do-cerrado sob diferentes regimes hídricos. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.27
Authors: Vieira Evandro Alves , Gomes Alessandra Dos Santos
Published: October 2012

A seca é um dos mais severos estresses abióticos que influenciam a distribuição de espécies arbóreas e limitam a produtividade dos ecossistemas.  O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de pau-terra-do-cerrado em diferentes regimes hídricos em casa de vegetação visando à produção de mudas para recuperação ambiental. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim-MS. Os tratamentos de estresse corresponderam a 100% da capacidade de campo (controle), estresse moderado (50% da capacidade de campo) e estresse severo (12,5% da capacidade de campo). Os parâmetros avaliados foram comprimento da parte aérea e parte radicular, diâmetro de colo, área foliar (AF), relação raiz/parte aérea (R/PA), matéria seca das raízes, parte aérea e total, TAL e TCR. Houve correlação significativa entre o crescimento e a disponibilidade hídrica do substrato, onde as plantas do tratamento estresse moderado apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento quando comparados ao estresse severo. Foi observada alta razão parte aérea subterrânea principalmente em 12,5 de CC. Para as variáveis de AF, TAL e TCR, o tratamento de estresse severo foi o único que apresentou decréscimo linear de assimilação a partir de 60 dias refletindo no crescimento das plantas. 
Variabilidade morfológica e estruturação populacional de lambaris do grupo “Astyanax aff. bimaculatus” (Teleostei, Characiformes). DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.29
Authors: Desordi Rodrigo , Reis Denis Glauber da Silva , Kavalco Karine Frehner , Pazza Rubens
Published: October 2012

O presente trabalho buscou analisar duas espécies do grupo Astyanax aff. bimaculatus com relação a seus dados morfométricos. Os exemplares foram capturados em rios dos sistemas hidrográficos do Paraguai e São Franscico, no território brasileiro,  e analisados com o auxílio de um paquímetro digital, tomando-se várias medidas corporais. Os dados foram submetidos a uma normalização para eliminar as variações de tamanho intrapopulacionais (Size-free) e posteriormente analisados utilizando-se PCA (Análise de Componentes Principais) e UPGMA (Dendograma de Similaridade Genética). Para as análises estatísticas utilizou-se o software PAST v2.0. Os resultados mostraram uma sobreposição de três populações, dentre elas uma de Astyanax lacustris e duas de Astyanax asuncionensis, indicando semelhança entre os indivíduos de bacias hidrográficas distantes. Estes dados podem ser reflexos de  convergência morfológica, ou homoplasia. As demais populações se mostraram bem estruturadas,  indicando que as medidas corporais tomadas podem ser importantes na  adaptação a ambientes específicos, ou que estas conservaram as simplesiomorfias observadas nos grupos de difícil identificação.
Fibers, 12. Glass Fibers
Authors: Pico Davide , Wilms Christian , Seide Gunnar , Gries Thomas , Kleinholz Rudolf , Tiesler Hartmut
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Textile Glass Fibers

1.1.

Chemical Composition and Properties

1.1.1.

Chemical Composition

1.1.2.

Properties

1.2.

Production

1.2.1.

Raw Materials

1.2.2.

Melting process

1.2.3.

Fiber Forming

1.2.4.

Glass Staple Fibers

1.3.

Textile Glass Products: Processing and Application

1.3.1.

Product Designation

1.3.2.

Correlation Between Processing and Application

1.3.3.

Description of Textile Glass Products

1.3.4.

Applications

1.4.

Product Standards

1.5.

Economic Aspects

1.5.1.

Textile Glass Fiber Market

1.5.2.

Producers

1.5.3.

New Products

1.6.

Toxicology and Occupational Health

2.

Glass Fibers for Insulation

2.1.

Chemical Composition and Properties

2.1.1.

Chemical Composition

2.1.2.

Physical Properties

2.1.3.

Chemical Properties

2.2.

Production

2.2.1.

Raw Materials

2.2.2.

Melting

2.2.3.

Fiber Forming

2.2.4.

Product Forming

2.2.5.

Environmental Protection

2.3.

Applications

2.4.

Product Standards

2.5.

Economic Aspects

2.6.

Toxicology and Occupational Health
Process Systems Engineering, 7. Abnormal Events Management and Process Safety
Authors: Sin Gürkan , Ghosh Kaushik , Natarajan Sathish , Srinivasan Rajagopalan , Adhitya Arief , Karimi Iftekhar A. , Papadokonstantakis Stavros , Hungerbühler Konrad , Angelo Per
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Abnormal Event Management–Process Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis2.1.Introduction2.2.Process Monitoring and Diagnosis Framework2.3.Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methods2.3.1.Fundamental Knowledge‐Based Quantitative Methods2.3.2.Fundamental Knowledge‐Based Qualitative Methods2.3.3.Evidential Knowledge‐Based Quantitative Methods2.3.3.1.Principal Component Analysis2.3.3.2.Artificial Neural Network2.3.4.Evidential Knowledge‐Based Qualitative Methods2.3.5.Expert Systems2.3.6.Hybrid Methods2.4.Future Directions3.Risk Assessment and Inherent Safety in Process Design3.1.Introduction3.2.Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)3.2.1.Risk Assessment3.2.2.Hazard Indices3.3.Design Strategies for Process Risk Management3.3.1.Economics of Risk Management3.3.2.Inherently Safer Process Design3.4.How to Perform IS Evaluation?3.4.1.Product Specification Stage3.4.2.Route Selection Stage3.4.3.Flowsheet Development Stage3.5.Inherent Safety Practices in Industry4.Hazards Identification in Early Stages of Process Design4.1.Introduction4.2.An index‐based approach for SHE hazard identification4.2.1.Overview4.2.2.Methodology4.2.3.Application in Case Studies4.3.Conclusions and Future Directions5.Supply Chain Risk Management5.1.Introduction5.2.Supply Chain Risk Classification5.3.Framework for Supply Chain Risk Management5.4.Methods for Supply Chain Risk Management5.4.1.Supply Chain Risk Identification5.4.2.Supply Chain Risk Quantification5.4.3.Supply Chain Risk Mitigation5.5.Conclusion and Future Directions6.Safety Management in Industrial Practice6.1.Management of Major Hazards in the Process Industries6.1.1.Definitions6.1.2.History of Process Safety6.2.Major Accidents‐Case Studies6.3.Comprehensive Process Safety Management‐Risk‐Based Process Safety6.3.1.Commit To Process Safety6.3.2.Understand Hazards and Risks6.3.3.Manage Risk6.3.4.Learn From Experience6.4.How to Implement a RBPS System6.5.Conclusion7.Acknowledgments
Plant and Process Safety, 2. Hazardous Materials and Process Conditions
Authors: Wilrich Cordula , Schroeder Volkmar , Brandes Elisabeth , Schmidt Martin , Wandrey Peter‐Andreas , Mix Karl‐Heinz , Wehrstedt Klaus‐Diter , Bender Herbert , Stephan Ursula , Eberz Albert , Steinbach Jörg , Stoessel Francis
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Flammable Gases and Vapors2.1.Introduction2.2.Explosion Limits2.3.Influence of Temperature and Pressure on Explosion Limits2.4.Safety Characteristics Derived from Explosion Diagrams—Inerting2.5.Flammability of Gases in the GHS2.6.Oxidizing Potential of Gases in the GHS2.7.Chemically Unstable Gases2.8.Autoignition Temperature, Minimum Ignition Energy, and Maximum Experimental Safe Gap2.9.Maximum Explosion Pressure and Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise3.Combustibility of Liquids4.Dust Explosions4.1.Introduction4.2.Ignition Sensitivity of Dust Clouds4.3.Explosion Characteristics of Dust Clouds5.Explosive Condensed Substances5.1.Introduction5.2.Chemical Nature and Definition of an Explosion5.3.Classification of Explosive Substances5.4.Explosion Mechanisms5.5.Testing of Explosive Substances5.6.Conclusions6.Harmful Effects of Substances6.1.Introduction6.2.What is New?6.3.Routes of Exposure and Toxic Effects6.4.Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)6.5.Control of Exposure to Harmful Substances by Limit Values—Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)6.6.Short‐Term Exposure Limits for Land‐Use Planning and for Emergency Planning6.7.Limits for the Population at Large under REACH7.Exothermic and Pressure‐Inducing Chemical Reactions7.1.Introduction7.1.1.Runaway Potential of Exothermic Reactions7.1.2.Causes and Consequences of Overpressure‐Inducing Exothermic Reactions7.1.3.Processes Hazard Assessment and Safety Evaluation for Exothermic Reactions7.1.4.Hazard Characteristics of Exothermic Processes due to Process Design7.2.Methods of Investigation and their Systematic Application7.2.1.Screening Methods7.2.2.Sophisticated Tests and Runaway Kinetic Modeling7.2.3.Calorimetry7.2.4.Systematic Testing7.3.Assessment Criteria7.3.1.Runaway Scenario7.3.2.Severity: Adiabatic Temperature Increase7.3.3.Probability and Kinetics of a Runaway7.3.4.Assessment of Criticality7.4.Measures
Plant and Process Safety, 8. Management of Safety in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Herrmann Jürgen , Schwiederowski Claudia , Ruddat Aileen
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.The Concept of Inherent Safety3.The Loss Control Concept4.Human Factors—Safe and Reliable Behavior4.1.The Reason Model and the Root Causes of Accidents4.2.Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Making Use of the Reason Model4.3.Reporting of Incidents and Near Misses4.4.Lessons‐Learnt Process4.5.Good and Bad Behavior (The Burkhardt Model)4.6.Safety Walks and Safety Talks4.7.100% Responsibility Program4.8.Buddy Manager Program4.9.Success of Behavior‐Focused Safety Programs5.Management Systems—Safe and Reliable Organizations5.1.Legal Requirements by the first Seveso Directive5.2.Management Systems and Review of the Seveso Directive5.3.Early Developments of Management Systems5.4.Design Principles and Architecture of Management Systems5.5.Important Processes within a Management System (Building Blocks)5.5.1.Training Process5.5.2.Working with Contractors Process5.5.3.Process Safety Process5.5.4.Safe Operation (Production Process)5.5.5.Safe Maintenance (Maintenance and Inspection Process)5.6.Goal and Target Setting and Planning Process5.6.1.Management System Audits and Management Reviews5.6.2.Risk Management Process5.7.Successes of Management Systems5.8.Recent Accidents at Longford, Texas City, and Buncefield as well as Lessons Learnt5.9.Success Factors of Management Systems5.9.1.Critical Factors for Establishing a Successful Management System5.9.2.Fields for Improvement6.Conclusion
Tensile Properties of Thermoplastic‐Laminated Composites Based on a Polypropylene Matrix Reinforced with Continuous Twaron Fibers
Authors: Mena‐Tun J. L. , Gonzalez‐Chi P. I. , Díaz‐díaz A.
Published: October 2012

The present paper focuses on a semiempirical macroscopic approach for the prediction of the tensile properties (modulus and strength) of thermoplastic laminates based on polypropylene (PP) reinforced with Twaron fibers. The influence of fiber content on the orthotropic stiffnesses and strengths of the unidirectional composite was experimentally determined; then, these orthotropic properties were the input data for the prediction, by means of the classical lamination theory, of the tensile effective properties of several PP/Twaron laminates. Good agreement was found between the predicted and experimental tensile data of the laminates. A previous publication focused on the modeling of the nonlinear behavior of PP/Twaron laminates; consequently, the results from the present work proved that the whole mechanical response of thermoplastic laminates PP/Twaron can be simulated by means of macroscopic models originally developed for thermosetting composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E749–E759, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21318
Contribution of a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field on magnetic hyperthermia treatment of HepG2 cells
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Chen Youping , Huang Changshuo , Wang Xufei , Zhao Linyun , Zhang Xiaodong , Tang Jintian
Published: October 2012

We investigated the relative contributions of temperature and a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field (AMF) on magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT). Our system consisted of an induction coil, which generated AMF by electric current flow, and a newly developed, temperature‐controlled circulating water‐jacketed glass bottle placed inside the coil. The AMF generator operated at a frequency of 300 kHz with variable field strength ranging from 0 to 11 mT. Four treatment conditions were employed: (A) control (37 °C, 0 mT), (B) AMF exposure (37 °C, 11 mT), (C) hyperthermia (46 °C, 0 mT), and (D) hyperthermia plus AMF exposure (46 °C, 11 mT) for 30 min. Cell viability and apoptotic death rate were estimated. The relative contributions or interactions of hyperthermia (46 °C) and AMF (11 mT) on MHT were evaluated using 2 × 2 factorial experiment analysis. Group A was statistically different (P < 0.05) from each of the other treatments. The observed effects on both cell viability and apoptotic cell death were influenced by temperature (97.36% and 92.15%, respectively), AMF (1.78% and 4.99%, respectively), and the interactions between temperature and AMF (0.25% and 2.36%, respectively). Thus, the effect of hyperthermia was significant. Also, AMF exposure itself might play a role in MHT, although these observations were made in vitro. These findings suggest a possible presence of an AMF effect during clinical magnetic hyperthermia. Bioelectromagnetics 34:95–103, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of photophysical properties of different metal complexes of Alq3
Authors: Bhagat S. A. , Raut S. B. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: October 2012

Different metal complexes of Alq3 (K+, Sr2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) were synthesized by the precipitation method. The characterization of photoluminescence showed that presence of Mg2+ ion enhances photoluminescence of Alq3 phosphor. The emission spectra are observed at 560 nm when excited at a wavelength of 440 nm. The phosphor is excited at a longer wavelength in the blue region of small energy, so that it could be used as lamp phosphor. It is observed that the prepared phosphor AlMgq5 is more suitable than Alq3. The ionic radii of K+, Sr2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are in decreasing order. Therefore, the remarkable properties of AlMgq5 could be considered as promising materials as opto‐ or optoelectronic materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Following the energy transfer in and out of a polyproline–peptide
Authors: Schreier Wolfgang J. , Aumüller Tobias , Haiser Karin , Koller Florian O. , Löweneck Markus , Musiol Hans‐Jürgen , Schrader Tobias E. , Kiefhaber Thomas , Moroder Luis , Zinth Wolfgang
Published: October 2012

The intramolecular and intermolecular vibrational energy flow in a polyproline peptide with a total number of nine amino acids in the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide is investigated using time‐resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Azobenzene covalently bound to a proline sequence containing nitrophenylalanine as a local sensor for vibrational excess energy serves as a heat source. Information on through‐space distances in the polyproline peptides is obtained by independent Förster resonance energy transfer measurements. Photoexcitation of the azobenzene and subsequent internal conversion yield strong vibrational excitation of the molecule acting as a local heat source. The relaxation of excess heat, its transfer along the peptide and to the solvent is monitored by the response of the nitro‐group in nitrophenylalanine acting as internal thermometer. After optical excitation, vibrational excess energy is observed via changes in the IR absorption spectra of the peptide. The nitrophenylalanine bands reveal that the vibrational excess energy flows in the peptide over distances of more than 20 Å and arrives delayed by up to 7 ps at the outer positions of the peptide. The vibrational excess energy is transferred to the surrounding solvent on a time scale of 10–20 ps. The experimental observations are analyzed by different heat conduction models. Isotropic heat conduction in three dimensions away from the azobenzene heat source is not able to describe the observations. One‐dimensional heat dissipation along the polyproline peptide combined with a slower transversal heat transfer to the solvent surrounding well reproduces the observations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 38–50, 2013.
A direct anastomosis between the stems of celiac trunk and left colic artery by an anomalous fourth celiac trunk branch: First cadaveric study
Authors: Gupta Monika , Agarwal Sneh
Published: October 2012

Coeliac trunk (CT) is a ventral branch of abdominal aorta (AA) supplying the foregut through its three main branches, left gastric (LGA), common hepatic (CHA) and splenic artery (Standring et al., 2009). Branching pattern of CT may vary from above mentioned classical three to four, five or six. Additional branches include inferior phrenic artery, dorsal pancreatic artery, middle colic or accessory middle colic artery (Hamilton and Mossman, 1972; Amonoo‐Kuofi et al., 1995). Anastmosis between CT and Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) which supplies the midgut derivatives in the form of Bühler's arcade (1‐2%) is present posterior to the body of pancreas (Douard et al., 2006; McNulty et al., 2001). Anastomoses between SMA and Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) which supplies hindgut derivatives are also documented (Lange et al, 2007; Van Damme and Bonte, 1990). Until recently no communications between arteries of foregut and hindgut were reported (Manoharan et al., 2010; Patel et al., 2010; Stimec et al., 2011). We report the first cadaveric finding demonstrating a direct communication between the stems of CT and left colic artery (LCA) via a fourth anomalous CT branch in the absence of any co‐existing stenosis or aneurysm in the main vessels. Clin. Anat. 26:984–986, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.