bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An examination of single day vs. multi-day heart rate variability and its relationship to heart rate recovery following maximal aerobic exercise in females
Authors: Bechke Emily , Kliszczewicz Brian , McLester Cherilyn , Tillman Mark , Esco Michael , Lopez Roxanna
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of a single day measure of heart rate variability (HRV), and the averaged baseline measures of HRV to heart rate recovery (HRR) following maximal exercise. Thirty females (22.9 ± 3.2 years, 64.8 ± 8.4 kg) completed four visits (V1–V4), where a 10-min HRV was recorded. Upon completing the V4 recording, a treadmill graded exercise test (GXT) was performed, followed by a 5-min active cool down. HRV was assessed through time domain measures [natural log of root mean square of successive R–R differences (lnRMSSD) and standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (lnSDNN)] and natural log frequency domain measures [low frequency (lnLF) and high frequency (lnHF)]. Variables collected over V1–V4 were measured as; day of (DO) GXT, 3 day (AV3), and 4 day average (AV4). HRR was calculated as the maximal HR achieved minus the HR at: 30-s (HRR30), 1-min (HRR1), 2-min (HRR2), 3-min (HRR3), 4-min (HRR4) or 5-min (HRR5) of recovery. Pearson’s Product correlations revealed significant correlations (P = < 0.05) between all HRVDO measures to each HRR measure and are presented in ranges: lnSDNN (r = 0.442–0.522), lnRMSSD (r = 0.458–0.514), lnLF (r = 0.368–0.469), lnHF (r = 0.422–0.493). For HRVAV3, lnRMSSDAV3 and HRR1 were positively correlated (r = 0.390, P = 0.033). Last, HRVAV4 showed positive relationships (P = < 0.05) between lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR30 (r = 0.365, P = 0.048); and for HRR1 and lnSDNNAV4 (r = 0.400, P = 0.029), lnRMSSDAV4 (r = 0.442, P = 0.014), and lnHFAV4 (r = 0.368, P = 0.045); and lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR3 (r = 0.381, P = 0.038). Within the current study HRVDO displayed the strongest correlations to HRR therefore, averaged resting HRV measures do not strengthen the prediction of cardiovascular recovery following a GXT in this population.
Neurophysiological correlates of perception–action binding in the somatosensory system
Authors: Friedrich Julia , Verrel Julius , Kleimaker Maximilian , Münchau Alexander , Beste Christian , Bäumer Tobias
Published: September 2020

Action control requires precisely and flexibly linking sensory input and motor output. This is true for both, visuo-motor and somatosensory-motor integration. However, while perception–action integration has been extensively investigated for the visual modality, data on how somatosensory and action-related information is associated are scarce. We use the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) as a framework to investigate perception–action integration in the somatosensory-motor domain. Based on studies examining the neural mechanisms underlying stimulus–response binding in the visuo-motor domain, the current study investigates binding mechanisms in the somatosensory-motor domain using EEG signal decomposition and source localization analyses. The present study clearly demonstrates binding between somatosensory stimulus and response features. Importantly, repetition benefits but no repetition costs are evident in the somatosensory modality, which differs from findings in the visual domain. EEG signal decomposition indicates that response selection mechanisms, rather than stimulus-related processes, account for the behavioral binding effects. This modulation is associated with activation differences in the left superior parietal cortex (BA 7), an important relay of sensorimotor integration.
The influence of different sample preparation on mechanical properties of human iliotibial tract
Authors: Fischer Benjamin , Kurz Sascha , Höch Andreas , Schleifenbaum Stefan
Published: September 2020

In the run-up to biomechanical testing, fresh human tissue samples are often frozen in order to inhibit initial decomposition processes and to achieve a temporal independence of tissue acquisition from biomechanical testing. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of fresh tissue samples of the human iliotibial tract (IT) to fresh-frozen samples taken from the same IT and those modified with different concentrations of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) prior to freezing. All samples were partial plastinated and destructive tensile tests were conducted with a uniaxial tensile test setup. A plastination technique already established in the laboratory was modified to improve the clamping behaviour of the samples. Material failure was caused by a gradual rupture of the load-bearing collagen fibre bundles. Contrary to our expectations, no significant difference was found between the tensile strength of fresh and fresh frozen specimens. The addition of 1 wt% DMSO did not increase the tensile strength compared to fresh-frozen samples; an addition of 10 wt% DMSO even resulted in a decrease. Based on our findings, the use of simple fresh-frozen specimens to determine the tensile strength is viable; however fresh specimens should be used to generate a complete property profile.
Decorin expression is associated with predictive diffusion MR phenotypes of anti-VEGF efficacy in glioblastoma
Authors: Patel Kunal S. , Yao Jingwen , Raymond Catalina , Yong William , Everson Richard , Liau Linda M. , Nathanson David , Kornblum Harley , Wang Chencai , Oughourlian Talia , Lai Albert , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Pope Whitney B. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M.
Published: September 2020

Previous data suggest that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging phenotypes predict survival response to anti-VEGF monotherapy in glioblastoma. However, the mechanism by which imaging may predict clinical response is unknown. We hypothesize that decorin (DCN), a proteoglycan implicated in the modulation of the extracellular microenvironment and sequestration of pro-angiogenic signaling, may connect ADC phenotypes to survival benefit to anti-VEGF therapy. Patients undergoing resection for glioblastoma as well as patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IVY Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IVY GAP) databases had pre-operative imaging analyzed to calculate pre-operative ADCL values, the average ADC in the lower distribution using a double Gaussian mixed model. ADCL values were correlated to available RNA expression from these databases as well as from RNA sequencing from patient derived mouse orthotopic xenograft samples. Targeted biopsies were selected based on ADC values and prospectively collected during resection. Surgical specimens were used to evaluate for DCN RNA and protein expression by ADC value. The IVY Glioblastoma Atlas Project Database was used to evaluate DCN localization and relationship with VEGF pathway via in situ hybridization maps and RNA sequencing data. In a cohort of 35 patients with pre-operative ADC imaging and surgical specimens, DCN RNA expression levels were significantly larger in high ADCL tumors (41.6 vs. 1.5; P = 0.0081). In a cohort of 17 patients with prospectively targeted biopsies there was a positive linear correlation between ADCL levels and DCN protein expression between tumors (Pearson R2 = 0.3977; P = 0.0066) and when evaluating different targets within the same tumor (Pearson R2 = 0.3068; P = 0.0139). In situ hybridization data localized DCN expression to areas of microvascular proliferation and immunohistochemical studies localized DCN protein expression to the tunica adventitia of blood vessels within the tumor. DCN expression positively correlated with VEGFR1 & 2 expression and localized to similar areas of tumor. Increased ADCL on diffusion MR imaging is associated with high DCN expression as well as increased survival with anti-VEGF therapy in glioblastoma. DCN may play an important role linking the imaging features on diffusion MR and anti-VEGF treatment efficacy. DCN may serve as a target for further investigation and modulation of anti-angiogenic therapy in GBM.
The impact of focused ion beam induced damage on scanning spreading resistance microscopy measurements
Authors: Pandey Komal , Paredis Kristof , Hantschel Thomas , Drijbooms Chris , Vandervorst Wilfried
Published: September 2020

Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy is a well-established technique for obtaining quantitative two- and three-dimensional carrier profiles in semiconductor devices with sub-nm spatial resolution. However, for sub-100 nm devices, the use of focused ion beam becomes inevitable for exposing the region of interest on a sample cross section. In this work, we investigate the impact of the focused ion beam milling on spreading resistance analysis and we show that the electrical effect of the focused ion beam extends far beyond the amorphous region and depends on the dopant concentration, ion beam energy, impact angle, and current density. For example, for dopant concentrations between 1.0 × 1020 and 1.5 × 1016 cm−3 we observe dopant deactivation at least between 23 and 175 nm for a glancing 30 keV ion beam. Further, we show that dopant deactivation is caused by defect diffusion during milling and is not directly impacted by the presence of Gallium in the sample. Later, we also discuss potential ways to mitigate these effects.
Efficient classical computation of expectation values in a class of quantum circuits with an epistemically restricted phase space representation
Authors: Budiyono Agung , Dipojono Hermawan K.
Published: September 2020

We devise a classical algorithm which efficiently computes the quantum expectation values arising in a class of continuous variable quantum circuits wherein the final quantum observable—after the Heisenberg evolution associated with the circuits—is at most second order in momentum. The classical computational algorithm exploits a specific epistemic restriction in classical phase space which directly captures the quantum uncertainty relation, to transform the quantum circuits in the complex Hilbert space into classical albeit unconventional stochastic processes in the phase space. The resulting multidimensional integral is then evaluated using the Monte Carlo sampling method. The convergence rate of the classical sampling algorithm is determined by the variance of the classical physical quantity over the epistemically restricted phase space distribution. The work shows that for the specific class of computational schemes, Wigner negativity is not a sufficient resource for quantum speedup. It highlights the potential role of the epistemic restriction as an intuitive conceptual tool which may be used to study the boundary between quantum and classical computations.
The overexpression of OsACBP5 protects transgenic rice against necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic pathogens
Authors: Panthapulakkal Narayanan Saritha , Lung Shiu-Cheung , Liao Pan , Lo Clive , Chye Mee-Len
Published: September 2020

The most devastating diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) are sheath blight caused by the fungal necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, rice blast by hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and leaf blight by bacterial biotroph Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). It has been reported that the Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. Of the six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACBPs, AtACBP3 conferred protection in transgenic Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae, but not the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Similar to Arabidopsis, rice possesses six ACBPs, designated OsACBPs. The aims of this study were to test whether OsACBP5, the homologue of AtACBP3, can confer resistance against representative necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic phytopathogens and to understand the mechanisms in protection. Herein, when OsACBP5 was overexpressed in rice, the OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines exhibited enhanced disease resistance against representative necrotrophic (R. solani & Cercospora oryzae), hemibiotrophic (M. oryzae & Fusarium graminearum) and biotrophic (Xoo) phytopathogens. Progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the jasmonate (JA)-signalling deficient mutant were more susceptible than the wild type to infection by the necrotroph R. solani. In contrast, progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the salicylic acid (SA)-signalling deficient mutant was more susceptible to infection by the hemibiotroph M. oryzae and biotroph Xoo. Hence, enhanced resistance of OsACBP5-OEs against representative necrotrophs appears to be JA-dependent whilst that to (hemi)biotrophs is SA-mediated.
Mce1C and Mce1D facilitate N. farcinica invasion of host cells and suppress immune responses by inhibiting innate signaling pathways
Authors: Ji Xingzhao , Zhang Xiujuan , Sun Lina , Hou Xuexin , Song Jingdong , Tan Xiaoluo , Song Han , Qiu Xiaotong , Li Minghui , Tang Lu , Han Lichao , Li Zhenjun
Published: September 2020

The mammalian cell entry (Mce) family of proteins consists of invasin-like membrane-associated proteins. The roles of Mce1C and Mce1D proteins in host–pathogen interactions have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that Mce1C and Mce1D protein is localized in the cell wall fraction ofN. farcinica. BothN. farcinicaMce1C and Mce1D proteins are expressed at the level of protein and mRNA and elicit antibody responses during infection. Mce1C and Mce1D facilitate the internalization ofEscherichia coliexpressing Mce1C protein or latex beads coated with Mce1D protein by HeLa cells, respectively. We further demonstrate that Mce1C and Mce1D can suppress the secretion of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages infected withMycobacterium smegmatisexpressing Mce1C or Mce1D and promote the survival ofM. smegmatisexpressing Mce1C or Mce1D in macrophages. In addition, Mce1C and Mce1D supress the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by blocking the phosphorylation of AKT, P65, ERK1/2, JNK, or P38 in macrophages. These findings suggest that Mce1C and Mce1D proteins facilitateN. farcinicainvasion of HeLa cells and suppress host innate immune responses by manipulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, which may provide a target forN. farcinicatreatment.
Surface warming reacceleration in offshore China and its interdecadal effects on the East Asia–Pacific climate
Authors: Tang Yulian , Huangfu Jingliang , Huang Ronghui , Chen Wen
Published: September 2020

Since the late 1970s, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have exhibited greater responses to global warming in the offshore area of China and adjacent seas (offshore China) than in the global ocean. This study identified a surface warming reacceleration in offshore China since 2011, following a well-known interdecadal shift from offshore surface warming to cooling in 1998. During the warming reacceleration period, the rate of increase in offshore China SSTs was twice the mean rate of global ocean surface warming, and the significantly warming area was primarily in the north, especially in the East China Sea. Concurrent with the ascending phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, a large area of positive sea level pressure anomalies developed over the tropical Pacific. Accordingly, the surface southerly wind anomalies contributed to the recent surface warming in offshore China, especially in the East China Sea. With greater changes in the warming rate, the spatial mode of the circulation anomalies over East Asia and the western Pacific has shifted westward and has exerted more inshore influence during the recent warming reacceleration period than during the previous periods.
Low brain endocannabinoids associated with persistent non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Vogel Alexandra , Wilken-Schmitz Annett , Hummel Regina , Lang Manuel , Gurke Robert , Schreiber Yannick , Schäfer Michael K. E. , Tegeder Irmgard
Published: September 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of chronic headache, fatigue, insomnia, hyperactivity, memory deficits, irritability and posttraumatic stress disorder. Recent evidence suggests beneficial effects of pro-cannabinoid treatments. We assessed in mice levels of endocannabinoids in association with the occurrence and persistence of comparable sequelae after controlled cortical impact in mice using a set of long-term behavioral observations in IntelliCages, motor and nociception tests in two sequential cohorts of TBI/sham mice. TBI mice maintained lower body weights, and they had persistent low levels of brain ethanolamide endocannabinoids (eCBs: AEA, OEA, PEA) in perilesional and subcortical ipsilateral brain tissue (6 months), but rapidly recovered motor functions (within days), and average nociceptive responses were within normal limits, albeit with high variability, ranging from loss of thermal sensation to hypersensitivity. TBI mice showed persistent non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity, i.e. they visited rewarding and non-rewarding operant corners with high frequency and random success. On successful visits, they made more licks than sham mice resulting in net over-licking. The lower the eCBs the stronger was the hyperactivity. In reward-based learning and reversal learning tasks, TBI mice were not inferior to sham mice, but avoidance memory was less stable. Hence, the major late behavioral TBI phenotype was non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity and "over-licking" in association with low ipsilateral brain eCBs. The behavioral phenotype would agree with a "post-TBI hyperactivity disorder". The association with persistently low eCBs in perilesional and subcortical regions suggests that eCB deficiency contribute to the post-TBI psychopathology.
Effect of intraoperative neuromuscular blockade on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness in patients undergoing spinal surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Won Dongwook , Chang Jee-Eun , Kim Hyerim , Lee Jung-Man , Oh Yoomin , Hwang Jin-Young
Published: September 2020

Intraoperative neuromuscular blockade affects the resting tension between the vocal cords. We assessed the effect of neuromuscular blockade on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness following tracheal intubation in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery in the prone position. Altogether, 99 patients were included; 50 patients did not receive neuromuscular blockade, and 49 patients received moderate neuromuscular blockade during the maintenance of anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was performed depending on the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. The number of intubation attempts, time to achieve tracheal intubation, and duration of intubation were recorded accordingly. The incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness was assessed at 1, 6, and 24 h after surgery. The overall cumulative incidence of postoperative sore throat (60% vs. 59%, respectively; P = 1.000) and postoperative hoarseness (68% vs. 61%, respectively; P = 0.532) did not differ between the no neuromuscular blockade and moderate neuromuscular blockade. The incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness was also not different between the moderate and no neuromuscular blockade at each time point after surgery. Nevertheless, the incidences of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were quite high. Further studies investigating strategies to alleviate them are warranted accordingly.
Correlation-driven machine learning for accelerated reliability assessment of solder joints in electronics
Authors: Samavatian Vahid , Fotuhi-Firuzabad Mahmud , Samavatian Majid , Dehghanian Payman , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: September 2020

The quantity and variety of parameters involved in the failure evolutions in solder joints under a thermo-mechanical process directs the reliability assessment of electronic devices to be frustratingly slow and expensive. To tackle this challenge, we develop a novel machine learning framework for reliability assessment of solder joints in electronic systems; we propose a correlation-driven neural network model that predicts the useful lifetime based on the materials properties, device configuration, and thermal cycling variations. The results indicate a high accuracy of the prediction model in the shortest possible time. A case study will evaluate the role of solder material and the joint thickness on the reliability of electronic devices; we will illustrate that the thermal cycling variations strongly determine the type of damage evolution, i.e., the creep or fatigue, during the operation. We will also demonstrate how an optimal selection of the solder thickness balances the damage types and considerably improves the useful lifetime. The established framework will set the stage for further exploration of electronic materials processing and offer a potential roadmap for new developments of such materials.
Dysfunction of CD8 + PD-1 + T cells in type 2 diabetes caused by the impairment of metabolism-immune axis
Authors: Nojima Ichiro , Eikawa Shingo , Tomonobu Nahoko , Hada Yoshiko , Kajitani Nobuo , Teshigawara Sanae , Miyamoto Satoshi , Tone Atsuhito , Uchida Haruhito A. , Nakatsuka Atsuko , Eguchi Jun , Shikata Kenichi , Udono Heiichiro , Wada Jun
Published: September 2020

The metabolic changes and dysfunction in CD8 + T cells may be involved in tumor progression and susceptibility to virus infection in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In C57BL/6JJcl mice fed with high fat-high sucrose chow (HFS), multifunctionality of CD8 + splenic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was impaired and associated with enhanced tumor growth, which were inhibited by metformin. In CD8 + splenic T cells from the HFS mice, glycolysis/basal respiration ratio was significantly reduced and reversed by metformin. In the patients with T2D (DM), multifunctionality of circulating CD8 + PD-1 + T cells stimulated with PMA/ionomycin as well as with HLA-A*24:02 CMV peptide was dampened, while metformin recovered multifunctionality. Both glycolysis and basal respiration were reduced in DM, and glycolysis was increased by metformin. The disturbance of the link between metabolism and immune function in CD8 + PD-1 + T cells in T2D was proved by recovery of antigen-specific and non-specific cytokine production via metformin-mediated increase in glycolytic activity.
Hericium erinaceus potentially rescues behavioural motor deficits through ERK-CREB-PSD95 neuroprotective mechanisms in rat model of 3-acetylpyridine-induced cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chong Pit Shan , Khairuddin Sharafuddin , Tse Anna Chung Kwan , Hiew Lih Fhung , Lau Chun Lok , Tipoe George Lim , Fung Man-Lung , Wong Kah Hui , Lim Lee Wei
Published: September 2020

Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects ofHericium erinaceus(H.E.), its mechanisms in cerebellar ataxia remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of H.E. treatment in an animal model of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP)-induced cerebellar ataxia. Animals administered 3-AP injection exhibited remarkable impairments in motor coordination and balance. There were no significant effects of 25 mg/kg H.E. on the 3-AP treatment group compared to the 3-AP saline group. Interestingly, there was also no significant difference in the 3-AP treatment group compared to the non-3-AP control, indicating a potential rescue of motor deficits. Our results revealed that 25 mg/kg H.E. normalised the neuroplasticity-related gene expression to the level of non-3-AP control. These findings were further supported by increased protein expressions of pERK1/2-pCREB-PSD95 as well as neuroprotective effects on cerebellar Purkinje cells in the 3-AP treatment group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that H.E. potentially rescued behavioural motor deficits through the neuroprotective mechanisms of ERK-CREB-PSD95 in an animal model of 3-AP-induced cerebellar ataxia.
Identification of effector candidate genes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA expressed during infection in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Abdelsalam Sobhy S. H. , Kouzai Yusuke , Watanabe Megumi , Inoue Komaki , Matsui Hidenori , Yamamoto Mikihiro , Ichinose Yuki , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Tsuge Seiji , Mochida Keiichi , Noutoshi Yoshiteru
Published: September 2020

Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic phytopathogen belonging to basidiomycetes. It causes rice sheath blight which inflicts serious damage in rice production. The infection strategy of this pathogen remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that salicylic acid-induced immunity could block R. solani AG-1 IA infection in both rice and Brachypodium distachyon. R. solani may undergo biotrophic process using effector proteins to suppress host immunity before necrotrophic stage. To identify pathogen genes expressed at the early infection process, here we developed an inoculation method using B. distachyon which enables to sample an increased amount of semi-synchronous infection hyphae. Sixty-one R. solani secretory effector-like protein genes (RsSEPGs) were identified using in silico approach with the publicly available gene annotation of R. solani AG-1 IA genome and our RNA-sequencing results obtained from hyphae grown on agar medium. Expression of RsSEPGs was analyzed at 6, 10, 16, 24, and 32 h after inoculation by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and 52 genes could be detected at least on a single time point tested. Their expressions showed phase-specific patterns which were classified into 6 clusters. The 23 RsSEPGs in the cluster 1–3 and 29 RsSEPGs in the cluster 4–6 are expected to be involved in biotrophic and necrotrophic interactions, respectively.
The synchronization of multiple signal amplifications for label-free and sensitive aptamer-based sensing of a protein biomarker
Authors: Li Jin , Yang Fang , Jiang Bingying , Zhou Wenjiao , Xiang Yun , Yuan Ruo
Published: September 2020

Target-induced initiation of sequence recycling and dual rolling circle amplifications leads to non-label and sensitive fluorescence detection of a protein biomarker.
Electrophile dependent mechanisms in the asymmetric trapping of α-lithio-N-(tert-butoxythiocarbonyl)azetidine
Authors: Delany Pascal K. , Mortimer Claire L. , Hodgson David M.
Published: September 2020

α-Lithio-N-Botc azetidine, configurationally unstable at low temperature, reacts with fast-trapping electrophiles by dynamic thermodynamic resolution, but with slow-trapping electrophiles by dynamic kinetic resolution.
Structural evolution of amorphous calcium sulfate nanoparticles into crystalline gypsum phase
Authors: Jia Caiyun , Wu Luchao , Chen Qiaoshan , Ke Peng , De Yoreo James J. , Guan Baohong
Published: September 2020

Growth and orientation of nanocrystalline domains within fused ACS particles generate monocrystalline gypsum phase.
Tripentaphenes: two-dimensional acepentalene-based nanocarbon allotropes
Authors: Silva Paloma Vieira , Fadel Mayada , Souza Filho Antonio Gomes , Meunier Vincent , Girão Eduardo Costa
Published: September 2020

In this work, three 2D nanocarbon allotropes containing large pores have been proposed and their electronic structure has been studied using DFT methods.
Theoretical study of metal/silica interfaces: Ti, Fe, Cr and Ni on β-cristobalite
Authors: Baima Jacopo , Le Ha-Linh Thi , Goniakowski Jacek , Noguera Claudine , Koltsov Alexey , Mataigne Jean-Michel
Published: September 2020

In contrast with late or post-transition metals, early transition elements lift the silica surface reconstruction and promote strong adhesion at the metal/silica interface.
Understanding alkali metal cation affinities of multi-layer guanine quadruplex DNA
Authors: Nieuwland C. , Zaccaria F. , Fonseca Guerra C.
Published: September 2020

Stabilizing solvent effects and electrostatic repulsion are responsible for the constant alkali metal cation affinity in multi-layer guanine quadruplexes.
Defective h-BN sheet embedded atomic metals as highly active and selective electrocatalysts for NH3 fabrication via NO reduction
Authors: Sun Peng-Fei , Wang Wen-Liang , Zhao Xiang , Dang Jing-Shuang
Published: September 2020

The VB-containing defective h-BN sheet is proved to be a feasible support for atomic transition-metal anchoring. In particular, we found the Cu@h-BN and Ni@h-BN are highly active and selective catalysts for NO electro-reduction to generate NH3.
Carbon phosphide nanosheets and nanoribbons: insights on modulating their electronic properties by first principles calculations
Authors: Chen Tong , Li Huili , Zhu Yuyuan , Liu Desheng , Zhou Guanghui , Xu Liang
Published: September 2020

We investigate the tunable band-gap semiconductor characteristics and electronic transport behaviors of 2D and quasi-1D CP derivatives by using first-principle methods. With bi-axial strain, the band gaps display an incremental trend from compression to stretching.
Normal and off-normal incidence dissociative dynamics of O2(v,J) on ultrathin Cu films grown on Ru(0001)
Authors: Fallaque J. G. , Ramos M. , Busnengo H. F. , Martín F. , Díaz C.
Published: September 2020

Ligand and strain effects, rather than the surface state population, are responsible for O2 sticking on CuML/Ru(0001) at thermal energies.
A boron-exposed TiB3 monolayer with a lower electrostatic-potential surface as a higher-performance anode material for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries
Authors: Li Rong , Wang Yatong , Xu Li-Chun , Shen Jiale , Zhao Wenyang , Yang Zhi , Liu Ruiping , Shao Jian-Li , Guo Chunli , Li Xiuyan
Published: September 2020

The lack of high-performance anode materials has become a major obstacle to the development of Li- and Na-ion batteries.
Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bogachuk Dmitry , Zouhair Salma , Wojciechowski Konrad , Yang Bowen , Babu Vivek , Wagner Lukas , Xu Bo , Lim Jaekeun , Mastroianni Simone , Pettersson Henrik , Hagfeldt Anders , Hinsch Andreas
Published: September 2020

This work summarizes recent progress of low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite photovoltaic devices and their great up-scalability potential.
Green synthesis of highly luminescent biotin-conjugated CdSe quantum dots for bioimaging applications
Authors: Bharathi M. Vijaya , Roy Nilmadhab , Moharana Prithvi , Ghosh Kaustab , Paira Priyankar
Published: September 2020

An efficient green protocol for the synthesis of luminescent biotin-conjugated CdSe quantum dots has been developed for bioimaging applications.
Combined DFT and MD simulation studies of protein stability on imidazolium–water (ImH+Wn) clusters with aromatic amino acids
Authors: Palanisamy Kandhan , Prakash Muthuramalingam , Rajapandian Varatharaj
Published: September 2020

The hydrated clusters of protonated imidazole (ImH+) can induce protein denaturation through various kinds of monovalent interactions such as cation···π (stacking), N–H⋯π (T-shaped) and water-mediated O–H⋯O H-bonds.
AlN4-Graphene as an efficient catalyst for CO oxidation: a DFT study
Authors: Xu Xian-Yan , Lin Sina , Xu Huiying , Guo Huishi , Zhao Cunyuan
Published: September 2020

DFT investigations suggest that AlN4-Gr shows high stability and superior catalytic performance towards CO oxidation without CO poisoning.
Swelling properties of graphite oxides and graphene oxide multilayered materials
Authors: Iakunkov Artem , Talyzin Alexandr V.
Published: September 2020

Swelling defines graphite oxides and multilayered graphene oxides. It is a key property of GO in applications which involve sorption from vapors, immersion into liquid water or polar solvents and solution based chemical reactions.
Brønsted-acid-catalyzed selective Friedel–Crafts monoalkylation of isatins with indolizines in water
Authors: Guidotti Bruno Boni , da Silva Thiago Sabino , Menezes Correia José Tiago , Coelho Fernando
Published: September 2020

Controlled Friedel–Crafts monoalkylations of indolizines with isatins have been achieved by using water as the solvent. This is the first organocatalyzed indolizine 1,2-addition reported.
One-pot synthesis of indoles and quinolinones from ortho-tosylaminophenyl-substituted para-quinone methides
Authors: Wang Junwei , Pan Xiang , Rong Quanjin , Zhao Lei , Zhao Lin , Dai Weichen , Zhao Kun , Hu Lihong
Published: September 2020

A facile one-pot synthesis has been developed through alkylation/acylation of ortho-tosylaminophenyl-substituted para-quinone methides followed by an intramolecular 1,6-conjugate addition and oxidation sequence.
Facile synthesis of N, P-doped carbon dots from maize starch via a solvothermal approach for the highly sensitive detection of Fe3+
Authors: Dong Guohua , Lang Kun , Ouyang He , Zhang Wenzhi , Bai Liming , Chen Shijie , Zhang Zhuanfang , Gao Yueyue , Mu Zhonghua , Zhao Xiaodan
Published: September 2020

Nitrogen/phosphorus-doped carbon dots (N, P-CDs) with a quantum yield as high as 76.5% were synthesized by carbonizing maize starch via a facile ethanol solvothermal approach and utilized for the detection of Fe3+.
Regio- and stereoselective thiocyanatothiolation of alkynes and alkenes by using NH4SCN and N-thiosuccinimides
Authors: Qi Liang , Liu Shiwen , Xiao Linxia
Published: September 2020

A highly regioselective thiocyanatothiolation of alkynes assisted by hydrogen bonding under simple and mild conditions is developed.
Atomic differentiation of silver binding preference in protein targets:Escherichia colimalate dehydrogenase as a paradigm
Authors: Wang Haibo , Yang Xinming , Wang Minji , Hu Menglong , Xu Xiaohan , Yan Aixin , Hao Quan , Li Hongyan , Sun Hongzhe
Published: September 2020

Silver-binding preference in its authentic protein targets with MDH as a paradigm was uncovered.
Stereoselective synthesis of pentasubstituted 1,3-dienesviaNi-catalyzed reductive coupling of unsymmetrical internal alkynes
Authors: Zhou Zhijun , Chen Jiachang , Chen Herong , Kong Wangqing
Published: September 2020

The reductive coupling of alkynes represents a powerful strategy for the rapid synthesis of highly substituted 1,3-dienes.
Spin multiplicity effects in doublet versus singlet emission: the photophysical consequences of a single electron
Authors: Wehrmann Caleb M. , Imran Muhammad , Pointer Craig , Fredin Lisa A. , Young Elizabeth R. , Chen Mark S.
Published: September 2020

Experimental and computational studies reveal mechanistic differences in the photophysics of an open- versus closed-shell π-conjugated redox pair.
Redox-controlled chalcogen and pnictogen bonding: the case of a sulfonium/stibonium dication as a preanionophore for chloride anion transport
Authors: Park Gyeongjin , Gabbaï François P.
Published: September 2020

We describe a sulfonium/stibonium dication that behaves as a preanionophore activatable by glutathione (GSH). Indeed, this dication is reduced by GSH to yield a thioether/stibonium monocation that readily transports Cl− across phospholipid membranes.
Root-like polyamide membranes with fast water transport for high-performance nanofiltration
Authors: Han Shuangqiao , Wang Zheng , Cong Shenzhen , Zhu Junyong , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Yatao
Published: September 2020

The surface of the nanoparticle-templated membranes formed the root-like structure which could provide more rapid nanochannels for water molecules transport.
The role of third cation doping on phase stability, carrier transport and carrier suppression in amorphous oxide semiconductors
Authors: Reed Austin , Stone Chandon , Roh Kwangdong , Song Han Wook , Wang Xingyu , Liu Mingyuan , Ko Dong-Kyun , No Kwangsoo , Lee Sunghwan
Published: September 2020

Amorphous InAlZnO demonstrates greater phase stability and carrier suppression capability while maintaining a high carrier mobility for high performance TFTs.
On-farm biosecurity in livestock production: farmer behaviour, cultural identities and practices of care
Authors: Maye Damian , Chan Kin Wing (Ray)
Published: September 2020

Definitions of biosecurity typically include generalised statements about how biosecurity risks on farms should be managed and contained. However, in reality, on-farm biosecurity practices are uneven and transfer differently between social groups, geographical scales and agricultural commodity chains. This paper reviews social science studies that examine on-farm biosecurity for animal health. We first review behavioural and psychosocial models of individual farmer behaviour/decisions. Behavioural approaches are prominent in biosecurity policy but have limitations because of a focus on individual farmer behaviour and intentions. We then review geographical and rural sociological work that emphasises social and cultural structures, contexts and norms that guide disease behaviour. Socio-cultural approaches have the capacity to extend the more commonly applied behavioural approaches and contribute to the better formulation of biosecurity policy and on-farm practice. This includes strengthening our understanding of ‘good farming' identity, tacit knowledge, farmer influence networks, and reformulating biosecurity as localised practices of care. Recognising on-farm biosecurity as practices of biosecure farming care offers a new way of engaging, motivating and encouraging farmers to manage and contain diseases on farm. This is critical given government intentions to devolve biosecurity governance to the farming industry.
Validation of a Novel Wearable Electromyography Patch for Monitoring Submental Muscle Activity During Swallowing: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Kantarcigil Cagla , Kim Min Ku , Chang Taehoo , Craig Bruce A. , Smith Anne , Lee Chi Hwan , Malandraki Georgia A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is often used for biofeedback during swallowing rehabilitation. However, commercially available sEMG electrodes are not optimized for the head and neck area, have rigid form, and are mostly available in large medical centers. We developed an ultrathin, soft, and flexible sEMG patch, specifically designed to conform to the submental anatomy and which will be ultimately incorporated into a telehealth system. To validate this first-generation sEMG patch, we compared its safety, efficiency, and signal quality in monitoring submental muscle activity with that of widely used conventional sEMG electrodes.

Method

A randomized crossover design was used to compare the experimental sEMG patch with conventional (snap-on) sEMG electrodes. Participants completed the same experimental protocol with both electrodes in counterbalanced order. Swallow trials included five trials of 5- and 10-ml water. Comparisons were made on (a) signal-related factors: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), baseline amplitude, normalized mean amplitude, and sEMG burst duration and (b) safety/preclinical factors: safety/adverse effects, efficiency of electrode placement, and satisfaction/comfort. Noninferiority and equivalence tests were used to examine signal-related factors. Pairedttests and descriptive statistics were used to examine safety/preclinical factors.

Results

Forty healthy adults participated (24 women,Mage= 67.5 years). Signal-related factors: SNR of the experimental patch was not inferior to the SNR of the conventional electrodes (p< .0056). Similarly, baseline amplitude obtained with the experimental patch was not inferior to that obtained with conventional electrodes (p< .0001). Finally, normalized amplitude values were equivalent across swallows (5 ml:p< .025; 10 ml:p< .0012), and sEMG burst duration was also equivalent (5 ml:p< .0001; 10 ml:p< .0001). Safety/preclinical factors: The experimental patch resulted in fewer mild adverse effects. Participant satisfaction was higher with the experimental patch (p= .0476,d= 0.226).

Conclusions

Our new wearable sEMG patch is equivalent with widely used conventional sEMG electrodes in terms of technical performance. In addition, our patch is safe, and healthy older adults are satisfied with it. With lessons learned from the current COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to develop optimal swallowing telerehabilitation devices are more urgent than ever. Upon further validation, this new technology has the potential to improve rehabilitation and telerehabilitation efforts for patients with dysphagia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12915509
Development of a quasi‐real‐time distribution voltage monitoring system
Authors: Sarkar Subhra J. , Sahoo Sarat Kumar , Kundu Palash K. , Pattanayak Rutuparna
Published: September 2020

Data compression has its own importance in numerous applications, including power systems and several algorithms were developed for managing data associated with the power system. As security is a matter of concern in transferring the compressed information through any communication channel, data encryption can ensure data security. A low computational, microcontroller implementable, asymmetric key encryption algorithm similar to Rivest–Shamir–Adleman algorithm is proposed here for encrypting any ASCII character. As combined differential binary encoding algorithm (C‐DBEA) can handle almost all practical data sets and can achieve a moderately high compression ratio (CR), an attempt was made to ensure the security of the compressed data by developing the low computational compressed, encrypted algorithm. A data array is compressed by using C‐DBEA in this compressed, encrypted algorithm and is encrypted by using the proposed encryption algorithm. After successful PC‐based testing, the algorithm is implemented successfully at the microcontroller level as well. Finally, the compressed, encrypted Data Acquisition System is realised for measuring distribution voltage where compressed, encrypted data transfer occurs between two microcontrollers. High CR is obtained for the less fluctuating voltage profile data of urban areas where the volume of data reduces by >95%.
Cool stars in the Galactic center as seen by APOGEE
Authors: Schultheis M. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Cunha K. , Zoccali M. , Chiappini C. , Zasowski G. , Queiroz A. B. A. , Minniti D. , Fritz T. , García-Hernández D. A. , Nitschelm C. , Zamora O. , Hasselquist S. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Munoz R. R.
Published: September 2020

The Galactic center region, including the nuclear disk, has until recently been largely avoided in chemical census studies because of extreme extinction and stellar crowding. Large, near-IR spectroscopic surveys, such as the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), allow the measurement of metallicities in the inner region of our Galaxy. Making use of the latest APOGEE data release (DR16), we are able for the first time to study cool Asymptotic Giant branch (AGB) stars and supergiants in this region. The stellar parameters of five known AGB stars and one supergiant star (VR 5-7) show that their location is well above the tip of the red giant branch. We studied metallicities of 157 M giants situated within 150 pc of the Galactic center from observations obtained by the APOGEE survey with reliable stellar parameters from the APOGEE pipeline making use of the cool star grid down to 3200 K. Distances, interstellar extinction values, and radial velocities were checked to confirm that these stars are indeed situated in the Galactic center region. We detect a clear bimodal structure in the metallicity distribution function, with a dominant metal-rich peak of [Fe/H] ∼ +0.3 dex and a metal-poor peak around {Fe/H] = −0.5 dex, which is 0.2 dex poorer than Baade’s Window. The α-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and O show a similar trend to the Galactic bulge. The metal-poor component is enhanced in the α-elements, suggesting that this population could be associated with the classical bulge and a fast formation scenario. We find a clear signature of a rotating nuclear stellar disk and a significant fraction of high-velocity stars with vgal >  300 km s−1; the metal-rich stars show a much higher rotation velocity (∼200 km s−1) with respect to the metal-poor stars (∼140 km s−1). The chemical abundances as well as the metallicity distribution function suggest that the nuclear stellar disk and the nuclear star cluster show distinct chemical signatures and might be formed differently.
Web of the giant: Spectroscopic confirmation of a large-scale structure around the z = 6.31 quasar SDSS J1030+0524
Authors: Mignoli Marco , Gilli Roberto , Decarli Roberto , Vanzella Eros , Balmaverde Barbara , Cappelluti Nico , Cassarà Letizia P. , Comastri Andrea , Cusano Felice , Iwasawa Kazushi , Marchesi Stefano , Prandoni Isabella , Vignali Cristian , Vito Fabio , Zamorani Giovanni , Chiaberge Marco , Norman Colin
Published: September 2020

We report on the spectroscopic confirmation of a large-scale structure around the luminous z = 6.31 quasi-stellar object (QSO) SDSS J1030+0524, powered by a one billion solar mass black hole. The structure is populated by at least six members, namely, four Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs), and two Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs). The four LBGs were identified among a sample of 21 i-band dropouts with zAB <  25.5 selected up to projected separations of 5 physical Mpc (15 arcmin) from the QSO. Their redshifts were determined through multi-object spectroscopic observations at 8−10 m class telescopes lasting up to eight hours. The two LAEs were identified in a 6 h VLT/MUSE observation centered on the QSO. The redshifts of the six galaxies cover the range between 6.129−6.355. Assuming that the peculiar velocities are negligible, this range corresponds to radial separations of ±5 physical Mpc from the QSO, that is comparable to the projected scale of the observed LBG distribution on the sky. We conservatively estimate that this structure is significant at a level > 3.5σ and that the level of the galaxy overdensity is at least 1.5−2 within the large volume sampled (∼780 physical Mpc3). The spectral properties of the six member galaxies (Lyα strength and UV luminosity) are similar to those of field galaxies at similar redshifts. This is the first spectroscopic identification of a galaxy overdensity around a supermassive black hole in the first billion years of the Universe. Our finding lends support to the idea that the most distant and massive black holes form and grow within massive (>1012 M⊙) dark matter halos in large-scale structures and that the absence of earlier detections of such systems is likely due to observational limitations.
A Simple Energy-based Approach of Stent Elastic Properties
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhou Kaifa , Li Zhong
Published: September 2020

Simple closed-form expressions were derived for the elastic moduli of lozenge grid structure based on the convenient beam theory and energy conservation principle. Finite element analysis was employed to validate the analytical estimates of the Young’s modulus. The theoretic results were also compared with the numerical data in the literature. The results show that the calculation method of Young’s modulus obtained by energy conservation is feasible, which provides a new way for stress analysis of sandwich structures. At the same time, the cell structure proposed in this paper provides a new scheme for the design of vascular stent.
Domain Adaptation for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis under Different Working Conditions
Authors: Li Weigui , Yuan Zhuqing , Sun Wenyu , Liu Yongpan
Published: September 2020

Recently, deep learning algorithms have been widely into fault diagnosis in the intelligent manufacturing field. To tackle the transfer problem due to various working conditions and insufficient labeled samples, a conditional maximum mean discrepancy (CMMD) based domain adaptation method is proposed. Existing transfer approaches mainly focus on aligning the single representation distributions, which only contains partial feature information. Inspired by the Inception module, multi-representation domain adaptation is introduced to improve classification accuracy and generalization ability for cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis. And CMMD-based method is adopted to minimize the discrepancy between the source and the target. Finally, the unsupervised learning method with unlabeled target data can promote the practical application of the proposed algorithm. According to the experimental results on the standard dataset, the proposed method can effectively alleviate the domain shift problem.