bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Green Concept of Economic Growth and Development
Authors: Adamowicz Mieczysław
Published: July 2022

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to present the concept of green economy and other notions and concepts related to it and to assess their significance for the formation of development policy and a practical solution to problems of socio-economic development.

Materials and methods: The paper is based on the analysis of documents and literature mainly referring to the concepts of “green economy”, “green growth” and “green deal” in the context of “sustainable development goals”.

Results: The paper deals with the reasons for the emergence of the greening of economic processes as a new phenomenon of contemporary development, as well as various definitions of green economy, green growth, the principles of implementing green economy and green transformation processes. The study presents the milestones for the development of the European and global green economy and green growth, and their relationsip to the concept and goals of sustainable development. The review of the concept of green economy and green growth comprises the definitions prepared by specialized agencies of the United Nations UNEP, UNCTAD, UN ESCAP, UN FGG, OECD, the European Union and the World Bank. The main principles proposed by international organizations to be applied in the implementation of the green economy transformation policy are also discussed.

Conclusions: The conclusions indicate a wide range of the concepts presented, the ambiguity of their definitions and the need for further research in this area.
Empirical Analysis of Financial Development and Financial Inclusion Nexus in Nigeria
Authors: Anthony-Orji Onyinye I. , Orji Anthony , Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Onwe Israel Emenike
Published: July 2022

Subject and purpose of work: The literature on financial development and economic growth is expansive. The proportion of individuals and firms that use or have access to financial services can be referred to as the financially included. Considerable evidence shows that the poor benefit more from access to basic financial services such as payments, savings accounts and insurance. Thus, this study analysed the impact of financial inclusion on financial development in Nigeria between 1982 and 2019.

Materials and methods: M ultiple r egression a nalysis w as e mployed i n t he s tudy i n o rder t o properly estimate the models and get robust results.

Results: The findings reveal that financial inclusion has a minor impact on financial development. Investment was also shown to improve financial development.

Conclusions: The study recommended that policies should be directed towards creating a more inclusive financial system in order to improve the current level of financial inclusion, so as to achieve better financial development in Nigeria.
Leadership in Organisations: Characteristics, Importance, Methods of Management in Different Sectors
Authors: Patejczyk Nikodem , Kobos Edgar Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the article is to organize the creativity of the researchers in the field of leadership. The phenomenon of leadership is present in all the organizations and structures, both official and informal.

Materials and methods: For the preparation of the article, scientific publications published in the 21st century and the last quarter of the 20th century were analyzed.

Results: An effective leader can build a team or institution from scratch, and an ineffective leader can lead to its collapse. As leaders vary, researchers have proposed several different typologies of leaders.

Conclusions: The scientific achievements so far developed by independent researchers in the analyzed area over the last 50 years enable effective verification of the activities of team managers. In the future, research should be undertaken to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the way in which leadership functions are carried out.
Coronary Artery Disease in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bajdechi Mircea , Gurghean Adriana , Mateescu Iulia , Zekra Lucia , Rugină Sorin
Published: July 2022

People living with HIV live longer now due to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Due to their increased life expectancy, they have an increased cardiovascular risk cause by the traditional risk factors (smoking, use of ilicit drugs, obesity/lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension) and particular risk factors (endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, coagulation abnormalities, viral coinfections and antiretroviral therapy. The pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis is complex. Coronary artery disease become an important cause of mortality in these patients. The incidence of coronary artery disease and especially of acute myocardial infarction is generally low among HIV patients, but it may by twice as high as in patients with the similar characteristics. Medical treatment for coronary disease in these patients has no special particularities comparing to general population, but possible drug interactions must be considered. Indication for coronary revascularization, either angioplasty, or aorto-coronary by-pass follows general indications for general population.
Post-Covid-19 Immunological Disorder: A Possible Pathological Entity in a 43 Year Old Man
Authors: Scarlat Gabriel , Dona Bassil , Procopiescu Bianca , Stoian Marilena
Published: July 2022

Background. Post-COVID-19 systemic inflammatory syndrome is considered to be an aquired immunological disorder, which may develop in some individuals after the remission of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and defined by inflammatory clinical manifestations (fever, arthralgias, cutaneous and mucosal pallor, physical weakness) and modified biological parametres (normochromic normocytic anaemia, increased serum levels of C reactive protein and rheumatoid factor), with no proof of an infectious process, to which corticotherapy may be a suitable therapeutic strategy.

Case report. A 43 year old male was admited in the Department of Internal Medicine for high fever (39,4°C), moderate polyarthralgias and physical weakness, with a negative test result of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. The patient had been previously diagnosed with a moderate-to-severe form of COVID-19, a month prior to the current admission. The patient also experienced transitory dry cough for a month, with no other relevant clinical abnormalities. Upon physical examination, cutaneous and scleral pallor was observed and lung auscultation revealed hardened vesicular murmur bilaterally. Blood analysis revealed normochromic normocytic anaemia and increased serum levels of rheumatoid factor and of C reactive protein, which suggested a nonspecific inflammatory syndrome.

Although blood cultures and other microbiological tests were negative for an infectious process, a chest X-ray was performed, which detected the presence of a nodular formation in the superior left lung lobe. Several differential diagnoses were taken into consideration, including pulmonary sarcoidosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, both of which were excluded, clinically and biologically.

A thoracic computed tomography (CT) was later performed, which revealed the presence of a tumoral nodule in the left lung, associated with multiple mediastinal and supraclavicular lymphadenopathies, indicative of lung cancer. However, lung cancer was also excluded upon the histopathological examination of paratracheal lymphnodes, which detected multiple areas of parenchymal necrosis surrounded by dense inflammatory infiltrates, formed predominantly by histiocytes. All of these findings resulted in the diagnosis of a post-COVID-19 rheumatoid syndrome, the only therapeutic strategy being the administration of high doses of intravenous and oral methylprednisolone, which improved the patient’s health.

Conclusion. Post-COVID-19 immunological disturbances should be taken into consideration in patients who experience repetitive clinical and biological inflammatory manifestations after the remission of the infection with SARS-CoV-2, which may be improved through high dose corticosteroid therapy.
Omicron Variant Behavior in a Couple: Vaccinated Versus Non-Vaccinated
Authors: Călinoiu Amalia Loredana , Rusu Adina , Văcăroiu Cristina , Lupașcu Cezarina , Ripa Alina , Cristian Ana Maria , Daniel Stăniloaie , Tomescu Luminiţa Florentina
Published: July 2022

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) may present as the common cold, or in a series of cases can also result in severe or fatal pneumonia with severe respiratory distress. Since the virus’s first appearance in December 2019, multiple studies have focused on clinical manifestations and biological features of different COVID variants in these five pandemic waves. Also, the variety of symptoms, the severity of the disease and the assessment of risk factors in each individual has continuously evolved among these two years, due to updated data published worldwide. The current paper presents the case of two patients, husband and wife, who develop a similar COVID-19 infection with only mild symptoms, although their disease history and COVID vaccination status is very different. They were among the first confirmed Omicron variant cases by genome sequencing in Romania and their favorable outcome despite the risk factors was encouraging for our every day practice.
Cryptosporidiosis: History, Etiology, Biology, Pathogenesis and Pathoanatomy - A Review
Authors: Dragomirova Petya V.
Published: July 2022

Cryptosporidiosis is a protozoan disease, usually asymptomatic. However, in some cases, the infection can progress to gastroenteritis and, more rarely, to colitis. Intensive studies on the biology of Cryptosporidium started in the 20th century after the outbreak of a major waterborne epidemic. The interest in this parasitosis increased after the WHO identified it as an opportunistic parasitosis - an indicator of AIDS. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to provide a scientific overview of this parasitosis, analyzing the state and development of modern research in a global and national aspect.
LLETZ Procedure in an Outpatient Setting: Applicability and Cost-Effectiveness
Authors: Kornovska Yonka. I. , Tomov Slavcho T. , Yordanov Angel D.
Published: July 2022

We present the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) procedure in outpatient settings – anesthesia, postoperative pain, postoperative stay, and complications such as intraoperative bleeding, early postoperative bleeding, infection, late cervical canal stenosis, spotting, incomplete epithelialization, inadequate colposcopy). From Jan 1, 2017, to Jul 31, 2021, 189 patients underwent LLETZ at Medical Center “Prof. Kornovski”. The methodology includes the indications for performing the LLETZ procedure, the preparation of the patients, a description of the procedure, tools, technical parameters, the operation technique, and the postoperative period. We present the duration of the procedure; analgesics in terms of intraoperative bleeding; postoperative pain; postoperative stay; early postoperative complications (bleeding, infection); late postoperative complications (stenosis of the cervical canal, incomplete epithelialization, spotting before menstruation, and inadequate colposcopy). The LLETZ procedure is applicable in outpatient practice with low intra- and postoperative complications and minimum stay. Two main factors determine its cost efficiency in outpatient practice: the use of local anesthesia instead of general anesthesia requiring an anesthesiologist, anesthesiology nurse, anesthetic for short-term venous anesthesia, and the daily cost for an occupied bed – a financial factor in-hospital care versus the lack of daily cost per occupied bed in outpatient care.
Treating Chronic Pain Syndrome After Vaginal Surgery with a Pudendal Nerve Block
Authors: Malkodanski Ivan Tsv. , Mihaylov Ilia I.
Published: July 2022

Chronic pain syndrome is a severe condition that has been recently recognized, and many methods for treating it have been developed. We present a case of using a pudendal nerve block for treating chronic pain after Bartholin cyst removal. A 46-year-old female presented with chronic pain syndrome, lasting eight months following Bartholin cyst removal. Treatment with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids was unsuccessful, and pudendal nerve block was performed with dexamethasone and ropivacaine. The follow-up continued for a year, and no pain was reported. In cases of pudendal neuralgia, a peripheral pudendal nerve block is effective. Chronic pain syndrome is a complex problem, and a multidisciplinary approach is often required. This case represents the efficacy of pudendal nerve block in chronic pain syndrome after Bartholin cyst removal.
Restrictions on the Free Movement of Capital Affecting Third Countries
Authors: Palazov Petko
Published: July 2022

The aim of the author is to analyse the legal restrictions provided by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union on the free movement of capital to or from third countries. Those restrictions are reviewed in terms of the reasons upholding them, the objectives pursued by them and the hypotheses in which they are applicable. Practical examples are given, and relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union is presented.
Analysis of the Military Spending During Challenging Periods
Authors: Pătrînjan Carina-Bianca
Published: July 2022

Despite permanent international changes and given the pandemic context of 2020 worldwide, economic activity has been affected and Romania’s situation has not been different. This study is about an analysis of gross domestic product and defense expenses, especially the system of allocating costs and resources, which became a very important issue, taking into account critical decisions about their beneficiaries, depending on priorities, at European level and in Romania.
Determining the Performance of the Use of Resources in the Public Sector
Authors: Pîrvuţ Valentin , Huseraş Alin Teodor
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a comparative procurement of performance appraisal products, in the context in which there are several homogeneous, which can be delivered to the public sector (goods/products/services, etc.). The proposed method provides a summary measure of the efficiency, economy, or comparative effectiveness of each unit of analysis, as well as other helpful information in performance management. Such information may include good operating practices, and the setting of performance targets at which a unit/activity/product/service can be set, by reference to the size of the most productive scale, at which another unit operates. Identify an efficient unit as a model, to which an inefficient unit can be reported, to improve its performance and productivity over time. In the paper, a case study was conducted, which aims to identify the best levels of performance of the established indicators. Four product units were analysed (as an example, the performance of four types of projectiles with different characteristics was evaluated).
The Possibility of the Contracting Authority to Consult the Market Via the Electronic Procurement System
Authors: Popa Ioan-Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Market analysis and research is a best practice activity for any procurement process. Market consultation is carried out when, following the market analysis and research, and as a result of correlating the information obtained with the need to be met, the contracting authority decides that it is necessary to start a dialogue with the market in order to describe the need. Once all aspects of the contract have been established, along with the scope of the contract, the type of contract and the benefits to be obtained, market research and analysis and/or review and update of existing information should be carried out so as to understand the context in which the contracting authority meets its needs and what approaches are required by the procurement in an economically and socially efficient manner. The information obtained from market research and analysis underpins decisions regarding the key elements of a competitive exercise such as, but not limited to: estimated value, qualification conditions, contract review clauses, etc.
Influences of Culture on the Management and Development of Economic Organizations
Authors: Stanciu Leontin , Stanciu Cristian-Lucian
Published: July 2022

Culture creates, builds, influences and develops, and, alongside education, determines actual manifestations, which are specific to the nation for the problems that concern it, to the organizations, in their specific environment, to their management with the internal and external shareholders. In this general framework, the authors of the present paper aim to highlight the main influences of culture on the management of the economic organizations, investigating a number of approaches to the concept of culture, and the relationship between culture, management, organizational culture and development, at the microeconomic level.
Practical Aspects Regarding the Technique of the Method of Calculation and Accounting of Production Costs
Authors: Țîrlea Mariana Rodica
Published: July 2022

The method of calculating costs by manufacturing phases is limited to the range of classical methods of calculating costs. Basically, the “classical methods of calculating costs” refers both to direct costs but also to indirect costs related to a unit of product. The method on calculation phases of manufacturing costs consists in determining the actual cost on each production phase, partly deepened to the product level at the end of the production process, respectively at the end of the management period. The aim of the research is the practical application of the method of calculating costs on manufacturing phases in order to establish the opportunity to use it in practice. The result of the research concludes in the fact that, typical of these methods, we discuss costing only at the end of production, materialized at this time in a posthistorical action, an action that requires information from the company’s accounting based on real costs, which is also a shortcoming of these methods, motivated by the fact that it is a final moment after which it is no longer possible to intervene with actions in any way.
Some Contemporary Aspects Related to the Big Data
Authors: Yankov Alexander
Published: July 2022

The XXI century may well become not only the era of postmodernity, but also the era of ‘post-humanity’ in the sense that artificial intelligence and robots will displace human beings and, to some extent, human thinking. The article points out that the artificial intelligence, Internet of things and Big data are three factors that are crucial for the implementation of the 4.0 industry. At the same time the author stresses that depersonalization of a human being can gradually wean him to think, analyze and be content only with aggressively introduced patterns of stereotypical behaviour in the virtual space. The difference between the two concepts, namely ‘big data’ and ‘business intelligence’has also been discussed. The so-called ‘three V’, namely: Volume, Velocity, and Variety are underlined as the main characteristics of the Big data. The author concludes that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic the educational process in the Bulgarian universities was carried out under the influence of big data.
STANAG 6001 Russian Language Exam: Holistic Approach to Assessing Speaking
Authors: Borimechkova Diana
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the STANAG 6001 Russian language exam focusing on the specifics of Speaking Proficiency evaluation. Despite the fact that the testing procedure is based on the Assessment Criteria set by the STANAG 6001, assessing speaking skills through a guided interview or a sequence of techniques seems to be one of the most challenging and hard tasks for testers. Advantages of holistic approach of assessing speaking skills are discussed and justified.
Challenges to the Military Education System When Training Representatives of Generations X, Y and Z
Authors: Chalakova Teodora , Chalakov Radoslav
Published: July 2022

The world is changing, and transformations in turn affect all areas of society. Some seek to keep up with innovation, while others take a more conservative stance. The behavior strategy of each person often depends not only on their personal beliefs, but also on other factors such as social environment, upbringing and belonging to a particular generation. Generational differences in learning are most evident when changing perspectives during learning as a result of participation in the learning process. All this leads to the diversification of the educational approaches and to the adaptation of military education system to student’s diversity.
The Higher Education Institution Between Legal Norms and Ethical Rules
Authors: Drăghici Teodora , Ilie Oana-Antonia
Published: July 2022

The activity within the higher education institutions has been and is the object of study and research for the specialists in the field of Academic Ethics. The key issues, which are being pursued, concern various aspects of the university environment. In this paper, we want to detail some aspects of the connection between the legal norms, which govern the field of university education, and those of an ethical nature, considering that there is an intrinsic link between the two categories of norms. Academic citizenship is defined as the service that academics provide for the benefit of the higher education institution they represent, including the moral obligation they have as a part of the academic system. The moral authority of the teacher is an authority based on fundamental principles or truths that exist independently of written laws, manifested with the purpose of modeling the moral behavior of the students, teaching them to abide by legal norms as well as other ethical norms. Furthermore, in this paper, the notions and principles regarding the ethical culture of the members of the academic community will be considered.
Leaders Attributes in Modern Warfare
Authors: Frăţilă Crina Bianca
Published: July 2022

Modern leaders should display an entire array of qualities, very well structured in knowledge, abilities and will along with leader attributes. Leaders’ attributes help to understand the anatomy of a leader trough his character, presence and intellectual capacity, each features contributing to leader core competencies of leading, developing and achieving.
Online Audio-Video Content as Homework in English Language Teaching: A Classroom-Tested Application for Undergraduate Programs Designed During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Hărşan Ramona
Published: July 2022

The paper explores the potential permanent benefits of using online audio-video content as homework for undergraduate students in English Language Teaching (ELT), based on the author’s classroom experience with the application of the said strategy during the Coronavirus pandemic. The classroom-tested implementation analyzed in the article was focused on English Phonetics and Phonology related objectives. Furthermore, a similar, but adapted potential homework design model for teaching Aviation English (radiotelephony phraseology) to Air Force Academy cadets is explored. The main purposes of the present contribution are to describe the activities themselves, along with their intended purposes and results, to analyze student behavior in relation to the said use of technology, and ultimately to review the shortcomings and potential long-term benefits of permanent use for university-level education.
Ways to Increase the Psychological Well-Being of Students During Online Courses
Authors: Mihăilă Lică Gabriela
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic, which has unprecedented proportions, has not only adversely affected the economies of all countries in the world, but has also led to a dramatic decline in the psychological well-being of most individuals, with experts particularly concerned about the level of stress manifested by children and young people. More and more studies in psychology and pedagogy are sounding the alarm about the decline in mental health that may occur in future generations and are looking for different solutions to reduce the stress that can make you sick or even deadly. Psychological well-being is generated by a series of factors, among which we mention: the fulfillment of basic needs, genetic factors, personality, age, income, but especially by the support relationships that a person has. We believe that these supportive relationships can also be created and strengthened during the online language classes taught. This paper aims to highlight a number of ways to increase the psychological well-being of students during online English classes, a well-being that has many benefits for both the student and society as a whole.
Culture as a Vector of Intercultural Communication in Times of Crisis
Authors: Rusu Maria-Lucia , Oneţ Alina-Elena , Virca Ioan
Published: July 2022

Culture and communication are two tightly intertwined concepts. The process of communication, seen as social interaction, facilitates the transmission of messages between individuals of the same culture or belonging to different cultures. The process as a whole is influenced by the culture both the speaker and the listener/receptor belong to. When both participants in the communication process belong to different cultures, they automatically bring perceptual elements to the situation, as well as social and cultural traits and (verbal as well as non-verbal) means of communication characteristic of their respective cultures. Thus, differences between these elements, their recognition or the lack of acceptance towards them are often cause of difficulties or even conflicts which are the result of inefficient communication. The present paper examines, based on relevant secondary literature, the cultural variables which influence the communication between members of different cultural groups. In order to fulfil the desired objective, empirical research will be conducted based on observation and analysis. The research solution advanced in view of achieving efficient and authentic intercultural communication is based on an approach to situational subculture, namely the construction referred to as “third culture”.
The New Model of the Engineering Education Using Digitalization and Innovative Methods
Authors: Teplická Katarína , Kádárová Jaroslava , Hurná Soňa
Published: July 2022

The sustainability of engineering education depends on a strategic vision in university education. The strategic vision of education at technical universities is orientated to knowledge, digitization, online education, innovative methods in education, all forms of Management and business education platform. The main goal of this article is the creation of the model of engineering education at the technical university based on synergy effect of the economic subjects of study, digitalization, all forms of management, and innovative didactic methods with direction to future education. In this research we realized project “Student firms” by using digitalization, e-learning approach in education and connecting all form of management as in business environment. Results of the implemented “Student Firms” project at the university recorded benefits in improving students’ key competencies, soft skills, social competencies, financial, economic competencies, and their impact on the level of evaluation of subjects of study. The output of the research was the design of a model of engineering education at the university. This model can be a tool for making changes in education at university for his sustainability in the future.
Integrated Production System on Social Manufacturing: A Simulation Study
Authors: Sari Marti Widya , Herianto  , Dharma Igb Budi , Tontowi Alva Edy
Published: July 2022

Today, the manufacturing industry must adapt to dynamic customer needs, changing from time to time following market trends. So that the production process in manufacturing requires adjustments, one of which is by forming social manufacturing. This study aims to create an integrated production system model based on social manufacturing, which involves several Socialized Manufacturing Resources (SMR) as manufacturing resources that are socialized to produce a product. The methods used are field observation, literature study, design of a social manufacturing-based production system model, model simulation using ProModel software, and analysis of model simulation results. In this study, the simulation involves four SMRs, each of which makes a part that has been given specifications by the manufacturer based on customer requests. The product produced is the Sanitation Chamber, which is equipped with a control system to monitor reading data via the internet. The model simulation uses the Pro Model software and analyzes resource use, location utilization, and resource costs.
Heat and Power System as an Independent Source of Electric Power. Case Study
Authors: Grebski Wes , Ulewicz Robert
Published: July 2022

The article describes a student capstone design project completed by a team of five students and implemented by a resort and casino in Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA). This project was completed within the framework of project-based learning (PBL). Students had the opportunity to apply the knowledge that they learned in the classroom in a real-world application. Students also had the opportunity to work as a team which was supervised by the faculty. The outcome of the project provided valuable experience in creating of grid, a reliable source of energy. The heat generated as a by-product was used for the purpose of heating hot water and a swimming pool as well as space heating for the hotel and casino during the winter. In the summertime the excessive amount of heat was used to dehumidify the air in the hotel and casino. Dehumidifying the air increased the level of comfort in the hotel and casino as well as in the enclosed swimming pools area. The article is focusing on the cost effectiveness of the off-grid heat-and-power solution. The net present value and internal rate of return as well as the payback time were calculated.
Pain and Multimodal Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Toleska Marija , Dimitrovski Aleksandar , Shosholcheva Mirjana , Kartalov Andrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana , Dimitrovska Natasha Toleska
Published: July 2022

Background: The administration of high doses of opioids during surgery can lead to higher postoperative pain scores at rest and when coughing. Multimodal analgesia may lower the need for opioids during surgery and the suffering of postoperative pain. Multimodal analgesia can be achieved by providing non-opioid drugs (lidocaine, ketamine, and magnesium sulfate), three different types of drugs. Each of these drugs as different analgesic effects and they belong to three different pharmacological groups. The aim of this study is to develop a better understanding of the effects of each drug (lidocaine, ketamine, and magnesium sulfate) on postoperative analgesia, the needs for rescue analgesics, and analyze the total amount of fentanyl during the intraoperative period in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: 120 patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. They were classified as ASA 1 and 2 and were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. They were further divided into 3 groups. Group 1, or the lidocaine group, had received lidocaine at 1 mg/kg and a continuous intravenous infusion with lidocaine at 2 mg/kg/h. Group 2, or the ketamine group, received ketamine at 0.5 mg/kg. Group 3, or the magnesium sulfate group, received a continuous intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate at 1.5 gr/kg. The intensity of postoperative pain was assessed using a VAS score at rest and when coughing, with evaluation at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, postoperatively. Also, the needs for rescue analgesics and the total amount of fentanyl during the intraoperative period in all groups was also followed.

Results: The patients from the lidocaine group had the highest scores of pain in the postoperative period at rest and when coughing, and the ketamine group had the lowest pain scores. Rescue analgesia was given the most to lidocaine group, and less so in the magnesium group. The magnesium group received the highest dose of fentanyl during surgery and the lowest dose was received by patients from the lidocaine group.

Conclusion: Multimodal analgesia can lower the need for opioids in the intra- and postoperative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Area and Stroke Work in Porcine Model of Ascending Compared to Descending Thoracic Aorta Stenosis Creating a Chronic Early Vs. Late Left Ventricular Afterload Increase
Authors: Popevska Sofija , Rademakers Frank
Published: July 2022

Objective: Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic stenosis, arterial hypertension or coarctation of the aorta is risk factor for early development of HF. In chronic late compared to early left ventricular afterload increases resulting from descending thoracic оr ascending aorta stenosis, we assess the left ventricular stroke work, pressure-volume area for О2 demand and effective work on the 4th and 8th weeks. It is suggested that reduced proximal thoracic aortic compliance presents with myocardial ischemia. However, development of adverse left ventricular hypertrophic remodeling and HF in different peak of LV afterload increase is understood poorly.

Methods: Fourteen domestic male pigs (28 ± 3 kg) underwent descending thoracic or ascending aortic stenosis through posterior lateral thoracotomy, with cMRI and an invasive left ventricular pressure-volume loops’ аrea assessment (Millar 5Fr pig-tailed conductance catheter) on the 4th and 8th weeks. Left ventricular stroke work and pressure-volume area PVA, parameter for LV O2 demand, were assessed in hypertrophic left ventricular remodeling, resulting from different peaks in LV afterload (late vs. early LV afterload) increase and we thus defined early adverse LV hypertrophic remodeling in linear and nonlinear end-systolic pressure-volume regression analysis. For this we used special software. Data was compared with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results presented are means ± (SEM) or medians and significance is set at p < 0.05.

Results: The left ventricular nonlinear PVA was not different, in LL compared to EL on the 8th week and when using the linear regression analysis. Stroke work was not different. The linear and nonlinear potential energy were not different between LL vs. the EL group. Nonlinear bLVO2 demand was not different, being higher in LL compared to EL in the 8th week. Indexed PVA parameters were not different or changed between the 4th and 8th weeks, when being normalized for body surface-area (m²) or 100 grams of LV mass.

Conclusion: The left ventricular potential energy, PVA with effective work and LVO2 demands are not different in hypertrophic LV remodeling in LL vs. EL group at the 8th week. Difference is not present when end-systolic pressure-volume relation is assessed from indexed LV volumes for m² BSA or 100 grams of LV mass. EL is as important as LL in increased LV afterloads based on LV work and mechanical coupling in this hypertensive heart failure model having preserved EF.
Late Bronze Age Metal Items from Tatarsky-Azibey III Site in the Mouth of the Belaya River
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Lyganov Anton V. , Morozov Victor V. ,   LLC "Archaeology of the East European Plain", Smirnov Alexey L. ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khramchenkova Rezida Kh. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

The paper discusses the metal items found in the territory of the Tatarsky-Azibey III site in 2020. The complex of metal items collected from the surface includes: five knives, a socketed axe with a frontal eye, a plaque, and an ornamented cutting tool. A bronze string was discovered within structure 1, excavation I. Based on the identified counterparts and chemical composition, these items belong to the late stage of the Lugovskaya culture and the Atabaevo stage of the Maklasheevka culture (16th/15th –13th centuries BC). A cutter (knife) for working with leather was crafted in a relatively earlier time period. Probably, this tool was initially the handle of a Seima-Turbino type of dagger, which was broken in antiquity. Thus, the time of creation of this item, similarly to the dagger handle, dates back to the Seimino chronological horizon of the late 3rd – first quarter of 2nd Millennia BC. The metal items discovered in the territory of the Tatarsky-Azibey III site are not related to the settlement hoard category; they appeared in the cultural layer as a result of unintentional actions of the carriers of Late Bronze Age cultures.
The Ageyevsky Burial Mound of the Late Bronze Age in the Bashkir Trans-Urals
Authors:   Independent researcher, Vasiliev Vitalij N. , Ismagilov Ramil B. ,   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rafikova Yanina V. ,   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The materials of two mounds (No. 1 and 2) of the Ageyevsky burial ground are introduced into scientific discourse in this paper. The mounds are situated within the Srubnaya–Alakul contact zone in the South Trans-Urals. Mound 1 contained seven graves located on the mound-site according to the central-circular principle where the peripheral burials form pairs. The central grave contained a disturbed burial of two adults; children and adolescents were buried in most peripheral graves (5). Only one peripheral grave matched the size of an adult’s grave. Presumably it contained the remains of cremation (?). Children’s graves (3) were solitary, adolescents’ graves (2) were paired. The adolescents were buried in twin graves; in one grave the dead were placed on one (left) side, in the other – facing each other. In the center of Mound 2 there was the only disturbed burial of two adults. All burials were made in soil graves. The majority of graves are covered with stone slabs. The grave-goods are represented by vessels and decorations. The burial rite and grave goods are analogous to the Srubnaya–Alakul necropolises of classical (developed) stage of the nearby territory and the whole of the South Trans-Urals. However it is distinguished by peculiar features: paired peripheral burials in the multi-grave Mound 1 and the prevailing orientation of those buried in the southern sector.
Traditions and Innovations’ in Housebuilding of the Later Volosovo Population of the Mari Volga Region
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Vorobeva Elena E. ,   Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

Since the Stone Age, the Mari Volga region, occupying the south of the Vetluga – Vyatka interfluve and adjacent areas of the Volga right bank to the east of the mouth of the Sura River, attracted the population of various archaeological cultures. Having appeared on the territory of the Mari Volga region in the IV millennium BC, the Volosovo population existed in the territory under consideration until the middle of the II millennium BC. During this long period of residence on the territory of the Mari Volga region, the population of the Volosovo culture not only preserved traditions in the organization of the settlements, construction of residential structures, but also as a result of contacts with other tribes, brought certain innovations to house-building. Active archaeological research of the Volosovo sites on the territory of the Mari Volga region allows the author to analyze house-building techniques. The author examines the traditions and innovations of the organization of living space among the Volosovo population of the Mari Volga region at the end of the III – first quarter of the II millennium BC.
The Ornamentation System of Ceramic Vessels of the Pozdnyakovo Culture in the Late Bronze Age on the Territory of the Volga-Oka Right Bank
Authors:   The Nizhny Novgorod State Historical and Architectural Museum- Reserve, Shvetsova Anastasia А.
Published: July 2022

The article presents research results of cultural traditions of decorating vessels among the population of the Pozdnyakovo culture, who lived on the territory of the Volga-Oka interfluve right bank in the Late Bronze Age. The research was based on the historical and cultural approach and included analysis of the technology of ornament drawing and its stylistics. Materials from four settlements: Shava 1, Bezvodnoye 1, Novaya Derevnya 1 and Naumovka were involved for analytical work. It was found that the tribes of the Pozdnyakovo culture, who lived in the eastern part of its area, had almost the same tradition of decorating vessels that the tribes in the central part, the middle reaches of the Oka River, had. At the same time, among the analyzed ornamental traditions, differences were revealed that can be associated with chronologically different periods of settlement existence. All settlements belong to the late period of the existence of the Pozdnyakovo culture (the second third of the II millennium BC), but the settlements of Novaya Derevnya-1 and Naumovka chronologically precede the settlements of Bezvodnoye-1 and Shava-1. This is evidenced by the high percentage of vessels with "textile" imprints on the outer surfaces. The recorded changes in the traditions of decorating vessels are associated with the mutual influence of the cultures of the forest and forest-steppe zones in the late Bronze Age, primarily the Pozdnyakovo culture and the culture of "textile" ceramics with the likely participation of the Maklasheyevka culture of the Atabaevo stage.
New Muslim Burials from the Golden Horde City of Madzhar (Stavropol Region)
Authors:   Karachay-Cherkess, U. D. Aliyev State University, Narozhny Evgeny I. , Tishchenko Igor B. ,   Limited Liability Company “Archeologist”
Published: July 2022

The materials of ten new Muslim graves of the 14th century from the city of Madzhar (Stavropol region), investigated in 2020 between the concrete foundations of the future commercial and office building in Budennovsk, are published. The peripheral rows of the medieval cemetery are pits with lining, or narrow pits with vertical walls, with the exception of three burials with an overlap of raw bricks. The skeletons of heterosexual adults, teenagers and an almost one-year-old child are laid with their heads to the West, with a slight turn or on the right side, to the South. Three pits out of ten are simple ground pits, skeletons in which with traces of their turning in the opposite direction from the Qibla, i.e. to the North. This situation, judging by the analogy with the "pagan" burial ground of the settlement "Zheleznodorozhnoye-2" in the Kuban, is most likely a reminiscence of traditional, pre-Muslim rituals preserved by part of the population of Madzhar after its Islamization.
The Internal and External Migrations in the Moksha Littoral During the 13th–15th Centuries
Authors:   Mari State University, Zeleneev Yuri A. , Valeev Rafael M. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: July 2022

Migrations in the history of mankind took place at all times and everywhere for various reasons. The external and internal migrations in the Moksha Littoral to be occured in the 13th–15th centuries, caused by both resettlement from outside the region and the subsequent displacement of the masses of the population within it. The main residents of the Moksha Littoral before the 13th century were the Mordvins. By the beginning of the 13th century Russian population appeared in the west of the region and on the Lower Moksha. It is possible that there were a small number of the Volga Bulgarian settlers. As a result of the Mongol conquest in the 13th century the external migrations intensified. There was a significant influx of the Turkic-speaking population. The external migrations also led to internal resettlement in the region. The article deals with the correlation of these two forms of migration and their significance for the ethnic-cultural development in the region.
Image of Medicinal Plants on Ceramic Products of Central Asia
Authors:   National Center of Archaeology Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Kubaev Surat Sh.
Published: July 2022

In the culture of the ancient world, the symbolism of plants was of particular importance. It is not for nothing that legends associated with plants have appeared in the myths of many peoples of the world. From the early Paleolithic era, in the economy of ancient people, a special place was given to collecting fruits and roots of plants. They also knew that plants were food for most wild animals, which provided the protein for the human body. In search of edible plants, they skillfully studied the surrounding fauna. Thus, the first knowledge appeared about the peculiar properties of plants in the world around them. These medicinal plants were eaten raw, or some of them were used to make "divine drinks" or "drinks of immortality", which at the beginning of their appearance also had medicinal or aperitif purposes, and also "lifted the spirits" of people. Therefore, in the visual arts, images of these plants are often found. If in antiquity rocks and stones were the main objects on which people created their first images, later ceramics began to play this role. During archaeological excavations at the Khantepa site located near the city of Karshi, the Republic of Uzbekistan, fragments of a vessel with plant ornament were found. The study of this find allowed us to draw attention to the symbolism of plants in the art of various cultures of the peoples of the world. New research proves once again that the temples of Central Asia were also the first medical institutions where the first medicines were manufactured.
Adaptación y carga laboral como predictores de la autoeficacia profesional durante la Pandemia COVID-19 en docentes universitarios peruanos
Authors: Minaya Herrera Maria Elizabeth , Requena Cabral Gabriela , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Apaza Tarqui Edison Effer , Landa-Barzola Manuel
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Los docentes universitarios han tenido que enfrentar los cambios que demanda la educación virtual en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19. Por ello, se tuvo el objetivo de determinar si la adaptación a los medios académicos virtuales y carga laboral predicen la autoeficacia profesional en docentes universitarios.
Método. Estudio asociativo-predictivo, donde participaron 321 docentes universitarios (55.5% varones y 44.5% mujeres) de dos universidades peruanas (22.4% estatal y 77.6% privada), de entre 26 a 66 años de edad, seleccionados bajo un muestreo no probabilistico intencional. La evaluación se realizó mediante una escala de adaptación a los medios academicos virtuales, una escala de carga laboral y un cuestionario de autoeficacia profesional. Se estimo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando el software estadistico SPSS Amos 22.0.     
Resultados.  El analisis de correlación evidencia asociaciones significativas entre las variables de estudio (p < .05). Para el modelo SEM, los indicadores de bondad de ajuste fueron muy buenos (χ2= 380.68, con 143 gl, y un p valor < .001, CFI = .956 IFI= .957; NFI= .932; GFI= .891; TLI = .948; RMSEA= .072). De esta manera, es posible determinar que existe un efecto estadísticamente significativo de la adaptación y la carga laboral sobre la autoeficacia profesional.
Discusión y conclusiones.  El nivel de ajuste para la enseñanza virtual y la percepción de sobrecarga de trabajo son factores que influyen en la confianza que tienen los docentes universitarios sobre sus capacidades pedagogicas. Se concluye que la adaptación y la carga laboral predicen la autoeficacia profesional en docentes universitarios peruanos.