bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Difference between Percutaneous and Arthroscopic Techniques in Identifying the Calcaneal Insertion during Ankle Lateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Li Hong-Yun , Li Sheng-Kun , Zhou Ri , Chen Shi-Yi , Hua Ying-Hui
Published: January 2019

Background. Both percutaneous and arthroscopic techniques have been introduced in anatomic ankle lateral ligaments reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare these two techniques in identifying the calcaneal insertion of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). Methods. Fifteen fresh-frozen human ankle cadaver specimens were used in this study. Each specimen was tested in three stages. For stage 1, each specimen was evaluated under arthroscopy. After debridement was performed, the insertion of the CFL on the calcaneus was identified, and a 1.5mm Kirschner wire was drilled at the center of the insertion. For stage 2, a percutaneous technique was used to identify the center of the insertion of the CFL. A second 1.5 mm Kirschner wire was drilled through the skin marker. For stage 3, the ankle was dissected, the footprint of the CFL was identified under direct vision, and the distances between the center of the CFL insertion on the calcaneus and the two Kirschner wires were measured, respectively. Results. In the arthroscopic technique group, the mean distance from the Kirschner wire to the center of the CFL insertion in the calcaneus was 3.4 ± 1.3 mm. In the percutaneous technique group, the mean distance from the Kirschner wire to the center of the CFL insertion was 3.2 ± 1.4 mm. No significant difference was found between the two groups. Conclusion. No difference in identifying the calcaneal insertion of the CFL was found between the percutaneous and the arthroscopic ankle lateral ligaments reconstruction technique. Both techniques can be used during anatomic ligaments reconstruction in treatment of chronic ankle instability.
Functionality of TERGO Powders during the Synthesis of PANI-Based Composites for Electrical Devices
Authors: Domínguez-Crespo M. A. , López-Oyama A. B. , Torres-Huerta A. M. , Hernández-Basilio A. R. , Palma-Ramírez D. , Lois-Correa J. A. , García-Zaleta D. S.
Published: January 2019

In this work, hybrid composites were prepared using polyaniline (PANI) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) by in situ polymerization. ERGO powders were obtained by a two-way route, Hummer’s method, and one-step potential (−2 V) followed by annealing process at 400°C (TERGO powders): different quantities of TERGO fine particles (10, 20, and 30 wt%) were added to the in situ PANI polymerization in order to produce the hybrid composites. The morphology and structure of the PANI/TERGO compounds were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal treatment of ERGO powders pointed out high-defect surfaces with a wrinkle-type morphology (ID/IG ratio~0.90). The emeraldine phase of PANI was obtained with a maximum value of 61%, which decreases with the amount of TERGO powders. It is also seen that composites displayed a combined morphology between PANI matrix and TERGO powders, confirming a physical interaction between both morphologies. The amount of TERGO particles into the polymeric matrix also modifies the sample microstructure from a semispherical shape to extend sheets, where PANI is sandwiched between TERGO layers. Electrical conductivity of composites slightly increases independent of the TERGO amount (30 S/m and 39 S/m) due to the rough TERGO surface that conditioned the homogeneous nucleation of a large amount of polymer (PANI) reducing the area to move the electrical charge.
Circulatory Collapse due to Hyperinflation in a Patient with Tracheobronchomalacia: A Case Report and Brief Review
Authors: Lundström Niclas , Henriksson Gert , Börjesson Ola , Jonsson Fagerlund Malin , Petersson Johan
Published: January 2019

We present a case of repeated cardiac arrests derived from dynamic hyperinflation in a patient with severe tracheobronchomalacia. Mechanical ventilation led to auto-PEEP with hemodynamic impairment and pulseless electric activity. Adjusted ventilation settings, deep sedation, and muscle paralysis followed by acute stenting of the affected collapsing airways restored ventilation and prevented recurrent circulatory collapse. We briefly review the pathophysiology and treatment options in patients with dynamic hyperinflation.
Extreme Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Renal Failure, and Protracted Ileus in a Case of Legionella Pneumonia
Authors: Laivier C. , Bleuze M.-O. , Hantson P. , Devos J.
Published: January 2019

A 53-year-old man developed aLegionella pneumophilapneumonia complicated by rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and protracted ileus. Risk factors were smoking and chronic alcoholism, but the patient had no history of previous abdominal surgery. Hemodialysis was required for a period of 5 weeks with a full renal recovery. Pneumonia required respiratory support but for a limited period of 6 days. The protracted course of the ileus led to explorative laparotomy despite negative computed tomography findings. No cause of mechanical obstruction was found at surgery and common etiologies of intestinal obstruction were excluded. Parenteral nutrition was needed for a total of 4 weeks, before recovery of intestinal motility. This case illustrates the apparent discrepancy between the pulmonary symptoms and the extrapulmonary manifestations that could be seen as a consequence of an exaggerated immune response.
Absolute Weight Loss, and Not Weight Loss Rate, Is Associated with Better Improvements in Metabolic Health
Authors: Kuk Jennifer L. , Christensen Rebecca A. G. , Wharton Sean
Published: January 2019

Objective. To determine if the rate of weight loss (WL) is associated with metabolic changes independent of the absolute WL. Methods. WL and health changes were assessed in 11,281 patients attending a publicly funded clinical weight management program over a treatment period of 12.7 months. Early weight loss rate (WLR) in the first 3–6 months and overall WLR were categorized as Fast WLR (≥1 kg/wk), Recommended WLR (0.5 to 0.9 kg/wk), or Slow WLR (<0.5 kg/wk). Results. On average, patients attained a 6.6 ± 7.3 kg (5.8 ± 5.7%) WL over 12.8 ± 13.1 months. Prior to adjusting for covariates, patients with Fast WLR (−24.7 ± 13.4 kg) at 3–6 months had a greater overall WL as compared to those with Recommended WLR (−13.3 ± 8.7 kg) and Slow WLR (−5.0 ± 5.4 kg). Fast WLR also had greater improvements in the overall waist circumference and blood pressure than patients with Slow or Recommended WLR. However, after adjustment for absolute WL, Early and overall Recommended and Fast WLR did not differ in the changes in any of the health markers (P>0.05). Conversely, the absolute WL sustained is significantly associated with changes in metabolic health independent of WLR (P<0.001). Similar results were observed with WLR over the entire treatment period. Conclusions. Faster rates of WL are associated with a greater absolute WL and larger improvements in waist circumference and blood pressure. However, after adjusting for the larger absolute WL sustained, early and overall faster WLR do not appear to have advantages for improving metabolic health markers. Thus, the absolute WL attained may be the most important factor for improving metabolic health.
Surgical Management of Extrafollicular Variant of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor in the Maxillary Posterior Region
Authors: La Monaca Gerardo , Pranno Nicola , di Gioia Cira Rosaria Tiziana , Pompa Giorgio , Vozza Iole , Cristalli Maria Paola
Published: January 2019

Background. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon benign neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin, accounting for less than 5% of odontogenic tumors. Case Report. The reported case describes morphological characteristics, clinical course, radiographic and histopathological features, and surgical therapy of an extrafollicular variant of AOT in the maxillary posterior region. An asymptomatic swelling on the left side in the posterior region of the maxilla, gradually increased since approximately 12 months, developed in a 16-year-old Caucasian female patient. Radiographic images revealed a well-defined, unilocular radiolucency, with some small foci of radiopacity inside, and root resorption of the first and second molars. On the base of the histological examination of the specimen retrieved by incisional biopsy, the diagnosis of AOT was made, and the conservative surgical enucleation of the lesion was performed. Discussion. The present case was reported in agreement with an extensive review, in which it was recommended to discontinue reporting classic follicular cases because their clinicopathological profile was well-known, but to continue reporting well-documented cases of the extrafollicular variant, with indication of the exact position. Conclusion. The present case was reported in order to expand the knowledge about the clinical behavior and surgical treatment of the extrafollicular variant of AOT.
Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printed Individualized Ti-Mesh (Membrane) for Alveolar Bone Defects
Authors: Bai Liyun , Ji Ping , Li Xian , Gao Hui , Li Linlin , Wang Chao
Published: January 2019

Individualized titanium mesh holds many advantages over conventional mesh. There are few reports in the literature about the effect of mesh pore size and mesh thickness on the mechanical properties of titanium mesh. This study is designed to develop an individualized titanium mesh using computer-assisted design and additive manufacturing technology. This study will also explore the effect of different thicknesses and pore sizes of titanium mesh on its mechanical properties through 3D FEA. According to this study, the mechanical properties of titanium mesh increased when the thickness decreased (0.5 mm to 0.3 mm). With an increase in mesh diameter (3 mm to 5 mm), the mechanical properties of mesh decreased. The diameter of titanium mesh has less influence on its mechanical properties than does the thickness of the mesh. Titanium mesh with a thickness of 0.4 mm is strong enough and causes less stimulation to mucosa; therefore, it is more suitable for clinical use. In addition, parameters of titanium mesh should be decided clinically according to bone defect size, defect location, and force situation.
Downregulation of PTPRK Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of NSCLC by Enhancing STAT3 Activation
Authors: Xu Xuting , Li Dong , Liu Jin , Ma Zhihong , Huang Huilian , Min Lishan , Dai Licheng , Dong Shunli
Published: January 2019

Objective. The receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase κ (PTPRK) is a candidate tumor suppressor involved in the tumorigenesis of various organs. However, its expression and biological roles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not yet been investigated. Methods. PTPRK expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was examined using real-time PCR and western blotting. In addition, the effects of PTPRK on cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, we explored whether the downregulation of PTPRK led to STAT3 activation in NSCLC cell lines by western blotting. The expression of phospho-STAT3Tyr705 in primary human NSCLC tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. The results showed that PTPRK expression was frequently reduced in NSCLC tissues with lymph node metastasis and cell lines. The inhibition of PTPRK expression resulted in increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. Additionally, after silencing of PTPRK, phospho-STAT3Tyr705 was significantly increased in NSCLC cells. Moreover, the phospho-STAT3Tyr705 levels of NSCLC tissues were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and significantly inversely correlated with the expression of PTPRK (p<0.05). Conclusions. These results suggested that PTPRK functions as a novel tumor suppressor in NSCLC, and its suppressive ability may be involved in STAT3 activation.
Predicting Outcome after Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Role of Preoperative Patient-Reported Measures
Authors: Weber Markus , Zeman Florian , Craiovan Benjamin , Thieme Max , Kaiser Moritz , Woerner Michael , Grifka Joachim , Renkawitz Tobias
Published: January 2019

Choosing the appropriate patient for surgery is crucial for good outcome in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, parameters predicting outcome preoperatively are of major interest. In the current study, we compared the predictive power of different presurgical measures in minimally invasive THA. In the course of a prospective clinical trial preoperative HOOS, EQ-5D and SF-36 were obtained in 140 patients undergoing THA. Responder rate was defined by the modified OMERACT-OARSI criteria at six-month-, one-year, two-year, and three-year follow-up. Logistic regression was performed to compare the different questionnaires regarding their power of predicting positive responders. ROC-curve analysis was used to define benchmarks in preoperative measures associated with good outcome. Preoperative HOOS (p<0.001), EQ-5D (p=0.007), and PCS of SF-36 (p<0.001) were higher in responders than in nonresponders whereas no differences between responders and nonresponders were found for preoperative MCS (p=0.96) of SF-36. However, preoperative HOOS revealed best predictive power (OR=0.84 95%CI=0.78-0.90, p<0.001, Pseudo R-Squared according to Nagelkerke=0.48, effect size according to Cohen=0.96) compared to all other preoperative measures. Multivariable analysis confirmed preoperative HOOS as an independent parameter correlating with postoperative responder status (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.66–0.88, p<0.001). In ROC-curve analysis nonresponders were identified with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 68.9% using a cutoff in preoperative HOOS of 40.3. Presurgical HOOS can predict outcome in THA better than other preoperative outcome measures. Patients with a preoperative HOOS value less than 40.3 have the highest probability of a positive response in terms of pain and function after THA.
The Creeping Attachment Induced Technique (CAIT) in Natural and Restored Teeth: Case Reports with 24 Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Perelli Michele , Abundo Roberto , Corrente Giuseppe , Arduino Paolo Giacomo
Published: January 2019

This article describes a nonsurgical approach for treating gingival recessions and increasing gingival thickness around the natural teeth. Two female patients, presenting gingival recessions at the maxillary frontal teeth, were treated. Patient #1 had a discrepancy among the central maxillary incisors’ gingival margin, and tooth UL1 needed to be restored. Patient #2 presented a buccal gingival recession at tooth UL3. In both cases, the sulcular gingival margin was gently disephitelized with a diamond bur leaving the soft tissue healing by itself. After 4 weeks, the procedure was reperformed. After 6 months, the gingival margins appeared thicker and a creeping attachment was achieved in both cases, obtaining gingival symmetry, related to the adjacent or contralateral teeth, and root coverage. Gingival asymmetry, gingival recessions, and gingival thickness may be improved by means of a guided gentle nonsurgical stimulation, providing creeping attachment in the natural and also restored teeth, with a healthy and stable tissue after 24 months of follow-up.
EBV Infection Unmasking a Choledochal Cyst in an Infant
Authors: El Khatib Hassan , Kawtharany Batoul , Mohammad Diyaa , Siblini Mohammad , El-Rifai Nahida
Published: January 2019

Hepatic involvement is common in acute Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in children. It usually manifests as a transitory elevation of transaminases in up to 80% to 90% of patients, and they normalize by 2 to 6 weeks. A cholestatic pattern with elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is common, in up to 60% in young adults. However, jaundice is very rare occurring in only 5% of pediatric patients. We report here an 8-month-old female with EBV infection who developed obstructive jaundice 2 weeks after the initial infection. Radiologic investigations were compatible with choledochal cyst type IVa complicated by stone formation in the common bile duct. In case of clinical exacerbation or nonamelioration of liver function tests in EVB infection, another diagnosis should be addressed. This highlights the importance of close follow-up in these patients in order not to miss a serious underlying condition such as choledochal malformation.
Effect of Indigofera oblongifolia on the Hepatic Oxidative Status and Expression of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Genes during Blood-Stage Murine Malaria
Authors: Dkhil Mohamed A. , Al-Shaebi Esam M. , Al-Quraishy Saleh
Published: January 2019

Malaria is a dangerous disease spread across several countries. Recent studies have focused on medicinal plants to discover alternative agents to the currently used drugs for malaria treatment. Here, we investigated the potential role of Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extract (IE) on hepatic inflammation in mice with Plasmodium chabaudi-infected erythrocytes. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups. The first group served as a control noninfected group, while the second and third groups were intraperitoneally injected with 106 erythrocytes parasitized by P. chabaudi. Mice from the third group were treated daily with a dose of 100 mg/kg of IE for 7 days. IE significantly reduced the number of leukocytes and apoptotic cells. The numbers of CD68-positive cells decreased in the livers of mice from the treatment group. Moreover, IE raised the hepatic antioxidant levels (glutathione and catalase) and reduced the levels of hepatic oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species). IE regulated some functions of the genes related to immune responses, including apoptotic genes (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bax, and caspase-3) and cytokine genes (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Therefore, IE exerts significant effects against malaria and protects the liver from injury caused by P. chabaudi via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ways.
Cloud-Based Brain Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation and Parcellation System for Individualized Prediction of Cognitive Worsening
Authors: Sakamoto Ryo , Marano Christopher , Miller Michael I. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Li Yue , Mori Susumu , Oishi Kenichi , Initiative ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
Published: January 2019

For patients with cognitive disorders and dementia, accurate prognosis of cognitive worsening is critical to their ability to prepare for the future, in collaboration with health-care providers. Despite multiple efforts to apply computational brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) analysis in predicting cognitive worsening, with several successes, brain MRI is not routinely quantified in clinical settings to guide prognosis and clinical decision-making. To encourage the clinical use of a cutting-edge image segmentation method, we developed a prediction model as part of an established web-based cloud platform, MRICloud. The model was built in atraining datasetfrom Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) where baseline MRI scans were combined with clinical data over time. Each MRI was parcellated into 265 anatomical units based on the MRICloud fully automated image segmentation function, to measure the volume of each parcel. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used as a measure of cognitive function. The normalized volume of 265 parcels, combined with baseline MMSE score, age, and sex were input variables for a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis, with MMSE change in the subsequent two years as the target for prediction. A leave-one-out analysis performed on the training dataset estimated a correlation coefficient of 0.64 between true and predicted MMSE change. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis estimated a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.76 in predicting substantial cognitive worsening after two years, defined as MMSE decline of ≥4 points. This MRICloud prediction model was then applied to atest datasetof clinically acquired MRIs from the Johns Hopkins Memory and Alzheimer’s Treatment Center (MATC), a clinical care setting. In the latter setting, the model had both sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 in predicting substantial cognitive worsening. While the MRICloud prediction model demonstrated promise as a platform on which computational MRI findings can easily be extended to clinical use, further study with a larger number of patients is needed for validation.
Promoter Methylation Status of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-Beta 2 Gene in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case Control Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Yari Kheirollah , Rahimi Zohreh
Published: January 2019

Background: We aimed to determine the promoter methylation status of the retinoic acid receptor-beta 2 (RARβ2) gene among breast cancer patients and to review relevant studies in this field in various populations. Methods: We analyzed 400 samples which comprised blood specimens from 102 breast cancer patients, 102 first-degree female relatives of patients, 100 cancer-free females, 48 breast cancer tissues, and 48 adjacent normal breast tissues from the same patients. The RARβ2 methylation status was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and DNA sequencing methods. Results: The presence of combined partially methylated (MU) and fully methylated (MM) forms of the RARβ2 gene (MU+MM) in the blood of patients was associated with susceptibility to breast cancer (odds ratio = 4.7, p = 0.05). A significantly higher frequency of the MM genotype was observed in cancer tissue (10.4%) compared to matched adjacent normal breast tissue (0%) (p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found a higher frequency of RARβ2 gene methylation in the blood and cancer tissues of patients compared to the blood of controls and adjacent normal breast tissues. The survey of studies on various populations demonstrated a higher RARβ2 methylation frequency in breast cancer patients compared to normal individuals, and many reports suggest a significant association between hypermethylation of the gene and susceptibility to breast cancer.
Radical Cystectomy in Pathological T4a and T4b Bladder Cancer Patients: Is There Any Space for Sub Stratification?
Authors: Moschini Marco , Zamboni Stefania , Mattei Agostino , Baumeister Philipp , Di Bona Carlo , Cornelius Julian , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Freschi Massimo , Zaffuto Emanuele , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Colombo Renzo , Gallina Andrea ,   Ospedale San Raffaele
Published: January 2019

Introduction: According to TNM staging, pathological T4ab are comprehensive of the invasion of prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus or vagina and pelvic or abdominal wall. However, few data are available on the perioperative and oncological outcomes of specific organ invasion. Materials and Methods: A total of 917 consecutive bladder cancer (BCa) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) at a single institution between 1990 and 2015 were studies. Cox regression analyses were used to stratify pT4ab according to the site of invasion and survival. Results: Overall, 176 (19.2%) and 40 (4.4%) patients harbored pT4a or pT4b disease. Specifically, 84 (9.2%) patients reported prostate and/or SVI invasion, 62 (6.8%) prostate only, 16 (1.7%) uterus, 14 (1.5%) vaginal, 24 (2.6%) pelvic wall, and 16 (1.7%) abdominal wall invasion. The median follow-up in pT4 patients was 48 months. The 1-year cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates were 71, 65, 24, 50, 50, and 72%, for vaginal, uterus, prostate only, prostate and/or seminal vesicles, pelvic wall, and abdominal wall invasions, respectively. At multivariable Cox regression, the invasion of prostate only (hazard ratio [HR] 3.53), prostate and/or SVI (HR 4.98), uterus (HR 7.16), vagina (HR 6.12), pelvic (HR 11.81), abdominal (8.36) were associated with adverse CSM. Conclusions: Our study described the differences in survival related to invasion site in pT4 patients, confirming poor survival expectancies in this subgroup. Patients with prostate invasion only seem to be associated with better survival than those affected by concomitant invasion of seminal vesicles. Uterus and vaginal invasions were associated with poor survival outcomes. Patients Summary: In this study, we looked at the outcome of locally advanced invasive BCa (stage pT4) in patients treated with RC at a tertiary referral hospital. We analyzed the differences in survival related to the specific organ invasion. We confirmed poor survival in this subgroup of patients. Only patients who had prostate invasion only seem to have a better survival.
Molecules Autoinducer 2 and cjA and Their Impact on Gene Expression in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Teren Martin , Turonova Michova Hana , Vondrakova Lucie , Demnerova Katerina
Published: January 2019

Quorum sensing is a widespread form of cell-to-cell communication, which is based on the production of signaling molecules known as autoinducers (AIs). The first group contains highly species-specific N-acyl homoserine lactones (N-AHLs), generally known as AI-1, which are produced by AHL synthase. The second group, possessing the characteristic structure of a furanone ring, are known as AI-2. The enzyme responsible for their production is S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (LuxS). In Campylobacter jejuni, AI-2 and LuxS play a role in many important processes, including biofilm formation, stress response, motility, expression of virulence factors, and colonization. However, neither the receptor protein nor the exact structure of the AI-2 molecule have been identified to date. Similarly, little is known about the possible existence of AHL-synthase producing AI-1 and its impact on gene expression. Recently, an analogue of homoserine lactone, called cjA, was isolated from a cell-free supernatant of C. jejuni strain 81–176 and from the food isolate c11. The molecule cjA particularly impacted the expression of virulence factors and biofilm formation. This review summarizes the role of AI-2 and cjA in the context of biofilm formation, motility, stress responses, and expression of virulence factors.
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Induces CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Functional Impairment by Upregulating the Expression of PD-1 via the Activated Sympathetic Nervous System
Authors: Yang Yongxiang , Ye Yuqin , Chen Chen , Kong Chuiguang , Su Xinhong , Zhang Xin , Bai Wei , He Xiaosheng
Published: January 2019

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces immunosuppression in the acute phase, and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) might play a role in this process, but the mechanism involved is unknown. Herein, we explored the impact of acute (a)TBI on the peripheral immune system and its correlation with the SNS and the T cell exhaustion marker, PD-1 (programmed cell death-1). Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to analyze the expression of T cell markers and intracellular cytokines, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the T cell exhaustion marker, PD-1, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of TBI rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to analyze the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in the serum. Propranolol was administrated to block the SNS in vivo and NE stimulation was used to imitate the activation of the SNS in vitro. Results: We found that the concentration of NE was significantly elevated after TBI, and the dysfunction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was reversed by the SNS blocker propranolol in vivo and imitated by the SNS neurotransmitter NE in vitro. The expression of PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated after aTBI, which was reversed by propranolol administration in vivo and imitated by NE stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, the PD-1 blocker reversed the dysfunction of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in vitro. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that aTBI activated the SNS, and further upregulated the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which, in turn, impaired their function and contributed to immunosuppression.
Hong Kong and Shanghai: a tale of two cities in China
Authors: Sheng Li
Published: January 2019

This research discusses Hong Kong’s long-run role as a preeminent international finance centre in the greater China with a view of Shanghai’s rapid growth. Using a synthesis approach of politics and economics, rather than pure economic analysis and forecasting, it is argued Shanghai is not likely to overtake/replace Hong Kong as an international finance hub in the region. Hong Kong will still keep its position in many years to come even if Shanghai has made enormous efforts to rebuild its financial industry. Due to their diverging industry structure, sheer size of the country, and most importantly different positioning by the central and local governments, the two cities are not necessarily rivals, but can actually be complementary partners, serving two non-overlapping hinterlands. This research also asserts that Hong Kong’s integration with the mainland economy is essential for its increasing competitiveness, while putting emphasis on policy reform for Hong Kong to maintain a strategic advantage over Shanghai.
Made in China 2025 e Industrie 4.0: a difícil transição chinesa do catching up à economia puxada pela inovação
Authors: Arbix Glauco , Miranda Zil , Toledo Demétrio Cirne de , Zancul Eduardo de Senzi
Published: January 2019

Este artigo estabelece uma comparação entre os principais planos executados pelo governo chinês para elevar o patamar tecnológico de sua economia e a plataforma Industrie 4.0, patrocinada pelo governo da Alemanha. Referência mundial para países avançados e emergentes, a plataforma Industrie 4.0 prenunciou profundas transformações no universo da manufatura com impactos em todas as sociedades. Os autores indicam que na arena tecnológica, apesar de avanços enormes, a China ainda não alcançou os padrões da Alemanha e de países como os Estados Unidos e o Japão. A efetivação dos ambiciosos planos chineses, em especial do Made in China 2025, tem pela frente desafios institucionais e tecnológicos significativos, como a incerteza estrutural que permeia a economia e as preferências oficiais pelas empresas públicas e grandes corporações privadas, derivadas do estilo top down de decisão que marca a atuação do Estado chinês. Os autores argumentam que a continuidade da progressão chinesa para além do catching up depende de suacapacidade de combinar a busca de tecnologias de ruptura com a construção de um ambiente mais flexível, capaz de difundir a inovação e manter o upgrading constante da capacidade endógena de desenvolvimento de CT&I.
Divulgação de ativos biológicos e concentração acionária nas empresas brasileiras do agronegócio
Authors: Tortoli Júlia Peres , Pires Paulo Alexandre da Silva , Botelho Ducineli Régis , Rech Ilírio José
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo analisou a relação entre as práticas de divulgação de ativos biológicos e a concentração acionária nas empresas do agronegócio brasileiro. Foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis de 27 empresas de capital aberto, para o período de 2011 a 2015. As evidências indicam que o nível de divulgação de ativos biológicos é ainda modesto nestas empresas, e que a concentração acionária típica do setor não afeta o nível de divulgação desses ativos. Os resultados confirmam estudos anteriores em relação aos efeitos do porte e da representatividade dos ativos biológicos na atividade das empresas.
Habilidades matemáticas e o conhecimento financeiro no ensino médio
Authors: Silva Marcella Alves da , Leal Edvalda Araujo , Araujo Tamires Sousa
Published: January 2019

A educação financeira é essencial no cotidiano dos jovens brasileiros para planejar um consumo mais consciente. O artigo discute a associação do conhecimento financeiro dos estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas em uma região metropolitana com características demográficas e socioeconômicas de cerca de 970 jovens. A pesquisa foi aplicada para os jovens distribuídos em oito escolas públicas de diferentes regiões da cidade, e foi medido o conhecimento financeiro pelas respostas incorretas dadas em temáticas como juros e descontos, valor do dinheiro no tempo e investimentos. Além da relação com renda familiar e gênero, usualmente encontradas já na literatura, este estudo mostra que a educação financeira tem relação direta com habilidades matemáticas dos jovens.
Os choques do preço do petróleo e a resposta assimétrica do mercado de ações
Authors: Marschner Paulo Fernando , Ceretta Paulo Sergio
Published: January 2019

O mercado acionário pode reagir de diferentes maneiras aos choques do preço do petróleo. De acordo com a maioria dos estudos essa relação pode ser diretamente proporcional ou não. Porém, algumas pesquisas apontam que esta relação é assimétrica, e ainda propõem uma série de características capazes de interferir nessa relação. Considerando esta perspectiva, este artigo propõe uma estratégia empírica alternativa para analisar o impacto dos choques do preço do petróleo sobre o retorno no mercado de ações. Em contraste com os aspectos tradicionais, baseados na premissa de um ajuste simétrico entre as variáveis, os resultados deste estudo indicam que os choques assimétricos do preço do petróleo ocorrem principalmente quando o desempenho dos mercados acionários se torna melhor ou pior. Isso indica que a relação entre o preço do petróleo e o retorno no mercado de ações está mais relacionada às expectativas de otimismo e pessimismo dos investidores do que a outras características sugeridas previamente pela literatura.
CSR Sensemaking Applied to the Facts Related to the Collapse of the Samarco Tailings Dam
Authors: Cosenza José Paulo , Ribeiro Cintia de Melo de Albuquerque , Levy Ariel , Dios Selma Alves
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the fundamental orientation guiding the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in the voluntary report published by Samarco – a Brazilian mining company, identifying how the company perceives itself regarding a severe environmental disaster occurred in 2015. Our analysis applied Basu and Palazzo (2008)'s model based on an organizational sensemaking process to explain how the organization expresses its thinking, how it discusses and acts to cope with the accident expectancy and its consequences. We analyzed the reports that depict the tailings dam collapse, observing whether the risks and damages to the ecosystem would be mentioned and anticipated to the stakeholders. Our evidence point out that the company had not disclosed beforehand any relevant information about the real hazards or critical impacts of its operating activities. After the accident, Samarco seems to maintain its relational posture towards society.  However, the practical actions signal that the company is after its own business.
Escolha de carreira: o Dark Triad revela interesses de estudantes de Contabilidade
Authors: D'Souza Márcia Figueredo , Lima Gerlando Augusto Sampaio Franco de
Published: January 2019

Três traços de personalidades socialmente sombrios, mas não patológicos, compõem o chamado Dark Triad: Narcisismo, o Maquiavelismo e a Psicopatia. Analisamos a influência do Dark Triad sobre os interesses da carreira profissional pretendida por estudantes de graduação em Ciências Contábeis. Foi aplicado questionário em cursos de graduação em contabilidade de universidades brasileiras públicas e privadas. Os mais de 1400 estudantes que participaram têm preferência pela carreira de Auditoria e Contabilidade em organizações privadas. A satisfação profissional, seguida da remuneração são os interesses que mais impulsionam os estudantes na escolha de carreira. O Dark Triad para estes estudantes impulsiona interesses e objetivos associados a manipulação, superioridade, exibicionismo e poder.
Da kátorga ao láguer
Authors: Mikaelyan Yulia
Published: January 2019

A prosa de prisão russa conta com séculos de história, trazendo uma série de características invariáveis. Entre seus maiores representantes figuram os escritores como Fiódor Dostoiévski, Anton Tchékhov, Aleksandr Soljenítsyn, Varlám Chalámov, Serguei Dovlátov, entre outros. O presente artigo tem como propósito delinear um breve panorama da evolução do gênero na Rússia ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, analisando como as principais obras oitocentistas se vinculam aos textos soviéticos, sobretudo ao romance A zona (1982), de Serguei Dovlátov (1941-1990).
Maksimizando a vida
Authors: Barros Luciana Oliveira de
Published: January 2019

Este artigo é uma homenagem ao escritor russo Maksim Górki (1868-1936), o amargo, em seus cento e cinquenta anos de nascimento. O trabalho analisa a veia humanista do escritor que liga o seu ativismo político às suas obras. Indo de encontro às escritas de si mesmo, usaremos a obra Minhas universidades como fio condutor indispensável para que se reescreva uma história, onde as memórias privativas, obviamente, assimétricas e de acesso aleatório, se mantenham num estado de conservação capaz de serem trazidas à realidade através da leitura unicamente da voz de Górki.
Errata
Authors: Editores Os
Published: January 2019

No artigo: “
A gênese da política de luta contra a aids e o Espaço Aids no Brasil
(1981-1989)
” publicado na Revista de Saúde Pública, em 2016;50:43.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050005801, na página 8, 7º parágrafo.
Onde se lê:
“azitromicina (AZT)”
Leia-se:
“zidovudina (AZT)”.
Effects of a strategy for the promotion of physical activity in students from Bogotá
Authors: Gutiérrez-Martínez Leidys , Martínez Rocío Gámez , González Silvia A , Bolívar Manuel A , Estupiñan Omaira Valencia , Sarmiento Olga L
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the promotion of physical activity during recess on the levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and adiposity of Colombian students. METHODS: Three schools were randomly selected by an intervention group in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2013: Intervention (Active Module of Active Recess – MARA) + Text Messages (SMS) (MARA+SMS group), intervention (MARA group), control (control group). Intervention was implemented for ten weeks. The duration and intensity of physical activity and sedentary behaviors were measured objectively using accelerometers Actigraph-GT3X+. Adiposity was measured by body mass index and fat percentage. We measured at baseline (T0) and during the tenth week of intervention (T1). We evaluated the effect of the intervention using a difference-in-difference analysis (DID). RESULTS: We included 120 students (57.5% girls; mean age = 10.5 years; standard deviation [SD] = 0.64). There was a significant increase in the mean daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity in the MARA group (Difference T1-T0 = 6.1 minutes, standard error [SE] = 3.49, p = 0.005) in relation to the control group. There were no significant changes in the minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity in the MARA+SMS group (Difference T1-T0 = -1.0 minute; SE = 3.06; p = 0.363). The minutes decreased in the control group (Difference T1-T0 = -7.7 minutes; SE = 3.15; p = 0.011). The minutes of sedentary behaviors decreased in the MARA and MARA+SMS groups and increased in the control group (MARA Difference T1-T0 = -15.8 minutes; SE = 10.05; p= 0.279; MARA+SMS Difference T1-T0 = -11.5 minutes; SE = 8.80; p= 0.869; Control Difference T1-T0 = 10.9 minutes; SE = 9.07; p = 0.407). There was a higher participation in the MARA group in relation to the MARA+SMS group (MARA group = 34.4%; MARA+SMS group = 12.1%). There were no significant changes in adiposity at 10 weeks according to difference-in-differences analysis (body mass index p: ΔMARA+SMS group versus Δcontrol group = 0.945, ΔMARA group versus Δcontrol group = 0.847, ΔMARA+SMS group versus ΔMARA group = 0.990; FP p ΔMARA+SMS group versus Δcontrol group = 0.788, ΔMARA group versus Δcontrol group = 0.915, ΔMARA+SMS group versus ΔMARA group = 0.975). CONCLUSIONS: The Active Module of Active Recess is a promising strategy to increase physical activity levels and decrease sedentary behavior in students. The addition of Text Messages was not associated with increased moderate to vigorous physical activity or changes in adiposity
Topological exploration of artificial neuronal network dynamics
Authors: Bardin Jean-Baptiste , Spreemann Gard , Hess Kathryn
Published: January 2019

One of the paramount challenges in neuroscience is to understand the dynamics of individual neurons and how they give rise to network dynamics when interconnected. Historically, researchers have resorted to graph theory, statistics, and statistical mechanics to describe the spatiotemporal structure of such network dynamics. Our novel approach employs tools from algebraic topology to characterize the global properties of network structure and dynamics.

We propose a method based on persistent homology to automatically classify network dynamics using topological features of spaces built from various spike train distances. We investigate the efficacy of our method by simulating activity in three small artificial neural networks with different sets of parameters, giving rise to dynamics that can be classified into four regimes. We then compute three measures of spike train similarity and use persistent homology to extract topological features that are fundamentally different from those used in traditional methods. Our results show that a machine learning classifier trained on these features can accurately predict the regime of the network it was trained on and also generalize to other networks that were not presented during training. Moreover, we demonstrate that using features extracted from multiple spike train distances systematically improves the performance of our method.
Male group members are costly to plurally breeding Octodon degus females
Authors: Hayes Loren D. , Correa Loreto A. , Abades Sebastian , Gao Cuilan L. , Ebensperger Luis A.
Published: January 2019

We report the results of a 6-year study of social (number of adult males/females, relatedness of females, communal litter size) and ecological (mean/CV of food abundance, soil hardness, burrow openings) factors influencing the direct fitness of plurally breeding degu (Octodon degus) females. The best fit models for per capita offspring weaned and standardized variance in direct fitness (within-group variation) included the number of adult males per group. Per capita number of offspring weaned decreased and standardized variance in direct fitness increased with increasing number of adult males per group. Thus, females experience a cost associated with males that is not shared equally. Standardize variance in direct fitness decreased with increasing communal litter size. All other factors were not significant predictors of direct fitness variation. Our study suggests that plural breeding may not be as egalitarian as previously thought. Consequences of plural breeding may be influenced by intra- and inter-sexual conflict.
Dangerous game: preferential predation on baboons by African wild dogs in Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: van der Meer Esther , Lyon Nick , Mutonhori Thomas , Mandisodza-Chikerema Roseline , Blinston Peter
Published: January 2019

When selecting prey, carnivores optimise energy gained when consuming prey against energy spent when pursuing and subduing prey. Additionally, predators seem to preferentially predate on prey which presents a low risk of injury. When defending itself against predators, baboons (Papio spp.) can inflict serious injury and cause mortality. Although part of Africa’s large carnivores’ diet, predation on baboons is usually avoided. We investigated prey selection patterns of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe. Based on direct and indirect observations and analyses of faecal samples, we show that baboons form a substantial part of the African wild dog diet and were more frequently predated on than would be expected based on availability. Predation on baboons did not vary over baboon sex or age classes but was affected by seasonality. This is the first study to describe a preference for predation on this unusual prey species.
Comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of deep-water Baikal amphipods
Authors: Bazarsadueva Selmeg V. , Radnaeva Larisa D. , Tulokhonov Arnold K.
Published: January 2019

In this report, we have compared the fatty acid composition of the endemic Lake Baikal amphipods Ommatogammarus albinus (Dybowsky, 1874) and Parapallasea lagowskii (Dybowsky, 1874). Specimens were sampled using the deep-water manned submersible “Mir” at the oil-methane seeps of Cape Gorevoy Utes and at a hydrothermal vent in Frolikha Bay. High levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and relatively low levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected in the studied amphipods, with oleic and palmitic acid representing the main fatty acid components. The habitat of the amphipods exerted a profound effect on their fatty acid profile: the amphipods of Gorevoy Utes contained higher levels of linolenic 18:3n3 and arachidonic 20:4n6 acids, while the amphipods of Frolikha Bay contained higher levels of eicosapentaenoic 20:5n3 and docosahexaenoic 22:6n3 acid. Based on these findings, we suggest that the amphipods’ diet in different areas of Lake Baikal determines their fatty acid composition.
The Manus Island Regional Processing Centre: A Legal Taxonomy
Authors: Tan Nikolas Feith
Published: January 2019

This article considers the controversial cooperative migration control approach of extraterritorial asylum through a case study of the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre (RPC), in operation between 2012 and 2017. Rather than operating in a ‘legal black hole’, the RPC was the site of legal contestation, as refugees and their lawyers turned to various legal fora in an attempt to hold Australia, Papua New Guinea and private contractors responsible for violations of human rights law. The recent closure of the RPC, as a result of litigation in the Papua New Guinea Supreme Court, shows that just as States employ a broad range of deterrence policies, refugee lawyers have an emerging ‘toolbox’ at their disposal to challenge extraterritorial asylum policies. The Manus Island RPC experience holds lessons for future litigation on policies of extraterritorial asylum, presenting both opportunities and risks for policymakers and refugee lawyers alike.
The Global Mobility Infrastructure: Reconceptualising the Externalisation of Migration Control
Authors: Spijkerboer Thomas
Published: January 2019

Since the end of the Cold War, migration law and policy of the global North has been characterised by externalisation, privatisation and securitisation. These developments have been conceptualised as denying access to migrants and as politics of non-entrée. This article proposes to broaden the analysis, and to analyse unwanted migration as merely one form of international human mobility by relying on the concept of the global mobility infrastructure. The global mobility infrastructure consists of the physical structures, services and laws that enable some people to move across the globe with high speed, low risk, and at low cost. People who have no access to it travel slowly, with high risk and at high cost. Within the global mobility infrastructure, travellers benefit from advanced forms of international law. For the excluded, international law reflects and embodies their exclusion before, during and after their travel to the global North. Exclusion is based on nationality, race, class and gender. The notion of the global mobility infrastructure allows for questioning the way in which international law reproduces these forms of stratification.