bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decay Processes in Highly Turbulent Plasma
Authors: Shoikhedbrod Michael
Published: June 2024

Recent years have been characterized by a large scope of theoretical and experimental research in plasma physics. Plasma effects are increasingly used in astrophysics, solid state physics, etc., as well as in research on the problem of plasma confinement and heating. One of these effects is decay processes in plasma. The processes of induced emission of some waves by others are called decay processes. When this name is used, it means the nonlinear interaction of waves, in which one of the waves breaks up into others, or, conversely, two waves merge into one. The kinetic equation describing such interactions takes into account both direct and reverse decay processes. There is a known general method for calculating of the probabilities of decay processes in isotropic plasma. The purpose of the article is to calculate the probabilities of decay processes in highly turbulent plasma. Currently, theoretical studies of strong turbulence are based on the following approaches: the hypothesis of soliton turbulence; on the hypothesis of collapse of Langmuir waves; on the statistical theory of strongly interacting perturbations. This article is devoted to obtaining a general formula for calculating the probabilities of such processes as l2 + S → l1, l + l → t, that is, the merging of Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves, and the merging of two Langmuir waves into a transverse wave with Langmuir plasma frequency.
O Problema
Authors: Oliveira Junior Ribamar José de
Published: June 2024

Este Fórum de Debates começa de um anel no dedo anelar de uma brincante da manifestação cultural do Reisado, em Juazeiro do Norte, interior do estado do Ceará, no Brasil, e alça voo pelas grafias gestuais do tempo a partir dos encontros entre corpo, artivismo e performance. Através de olhares cruzados com Paulo Raposo, Leandro Colling, Alvaro/Carmen Jarrín, Denise Zenícola, Tiago Manguebixa e Pablo Divine Kariry, Pedra Homem, Huber Jaramillo e Fernanda Silva, procuramos pensar no modo de fazer antropologia pela afetação nas tensões conceituais do artivismo em vertigem.
Estudio de la hidrogenación de CO2 con catalizadores de níquel y cobalto soportados
Authors:   , Navarrete Rodríguez Luisa Fernanda
Published: June 2024

El objetivo general de la presente tesis doctoral es evaluar el desempeño de catalizadores de Ni y de Co soportados en la hidrogenación de CO2 como ruta de valorización de este compuesto hacia la obtención de productos químicos con baja huella de carbono, en particular metano, como tecnología facilitadora de la integración del hidrógeno de origen renovable en la industria química y el mix energético.
Interpretacija baštine za održivi razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine / Interpretation of Heritage for Sustainable Development of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Hebib Mirza
Published: June 2024

This text is a review of a book by Zoran Bibanović Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cultural Gate of Europe, Library National Treasure of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, 2023, presented delivered at the presentation held at the Bosnian Cultural Center in Sarajevo on 29 February 2024.
Medijska i društvena polarizacija u vremenu krize: BH. mediji i rat u Ukrajini / Media and Social Polarization in a Time of Crisis: Bh. Media and War in Ukraine
Authors: Turčilo Lejla
Published: June 2024

This article examines the ways in which the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina in times of crisis relate to the already existing social polarization and the ways in which they further strengthen it. Theories of social polarization were used, with a special emphasis on interpretive polarization, in which the media play a crucial role. The focus of the research is reporting on the Ukrainian crisis, in order to consider the patterns that have developed in media reporting, especially when it comes to different approaches in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. The research is based on the method of content analysis and in-depth structured interviews with journalists, editors and political analysts. The sample consists of the 7 most read web portals from BiH: 4 from the Federation of BiH and 3 from the RS, and the corpus totals 50 texts. A search used the keywords: Ukraine, Russia, aggression, attack, invasion, war, and the analyzed period is seven days from the beginning of the attack on Ukraine (from February 24, 2022) and seven days from the date of the first anniversary of the attack on Ukraine (from February 24 .2023). Indicators for analysis are: how the media decide what is newsworthy, how the media choose sources, how the media verify information and how the media shape the story (with special reference to how they shape it in relation to the agenda they set and the public opinion they shape). The goal is to question how much the Ukrainian crisis was used by the media to further polarize B&H society, and the general conclusion is that media reporting only partially fulfills the key roles of providing comprehensive, clear information, contextualizing events and educating the public. The interpretation of the events is selective and in accordance with the dominant narratives and, as such, does not contribute to a complete understanding of the events, and even less to a high-quality social dialogue. As a post-conflict society, Bosnia and Herzegovina should have a much greater sensitivity to the events in Ukraine, and the media should approach this topic with much more attention, responsibility and public interest. This applies equally to the quantity and quality of information available to citizens.
Examining the Fishing Industry for a Web-Based Profit-Sharing Information System
Authors: Darilyn O. Peñaranda  , Riah E. Encarnacion
Published: June 2024

The study intends to investigate the difficulties that the fishermen face under the current profit-sharing arrangement in Placer, Surigao del Norte, Philippines. Driven by the goal of improving the manual profit calculation in the local fishing industry, the research problem focuses on efficiency fairness and transparency in the distribution of profit sharing. With a mixed-method approach, the study looks at the existing profit-sharing scheme to suggest an integrated web-based scheme and makes suggestions for improving the current scheme. Based on the findings fishermen still have concerns about equity (W = 4.66) and delays in profit distribution(W = 3.34) even though they generally thought the current system was transparent and fair (W = 4.26). However, stakeholders indicate a positive attitude toward technological solutions (W = 4.67) highlighting features like historical data analytics, a user-friendly interface, real-time updates, and enhanced security. In order to benefit boat owners and fishermen, this system seeks to guarantee an equitable and effective profit distribution. The suggestions underscored the necessity of equity and efficient communication emphasizing fair profit-sharing arrangements and compassion for the difficulties faced by fishermen.The study concludes that technological innovation and effective communication are important to promote a more just and enhance stakeholder satisfaction to contribute the sustainability within the fishing industry
Impacto de la educación a distancia en la sensibilización cultural de los estudiantes
Authors: Briceño Nuñez Chess Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Este estudio examinó el impacto de la educación a distancia en la sensibilidad cultural de estudiantes universitarios. Con enfoque en la inclusión de materiales multiculturalmente relevantes y la colaboración en línea, se identificó una transformación positiva en la percepción intercultural. El papel clave del educador se destacó como crucial en este proceso. A pesar de los resultados positivos, desafíos como la falta de interacción cara a cara y barreras idiomáticas fueron identificados. La contribución única radica en consolidar la investigación en un área previamente subexplorada. Futuras investigaciones deben abordar estrategias para superar desafíos y adaptar enfoques pedagógicos. Este estudio aporta valiosas perspectivas al campo de la educación a distancia y la formación intercultural, ofreciendo perspectivas prácticas y estableciendo una base para investigaciones futuras.
Proyecto “Echa un vistazo al rótulo”: reporte de experiencia en alfabetización alimentaria
Authors: Morais Rui Miguel Lameirão , Carvalhal Maria Isabel Martins Mourão , Fonseca Sandra Celina  Fernandes
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Promover la alfabetización alimentaria a través de la lectura y el análisis de etiquetas, en niños portugueses que cursan la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. Síntesis de los datos: “Echa un vistazo al rótulo” fue un proyecto realizado dentro de las asignaturas de Educación Física y de Ciudadanía y Desarrollo, buscando un nuevo enfoque para la enseñanza de la alimentación y la nutrición. Los datos de la evaluación diagnóstica revelaron dificultades en la lectura y análisis de la información contenida en las etiquetas de los alimentos que los estudiantes consumen y compran regularmente. El proyecto tuvo una duración de 5 semanas, entre abril y mayo de 2022, en una escuela de Vila Real, Portugal. En las actividades participaron 3 profesores y 18 estudiantes. Inicialmente se aplicó un pre-test para evaluar los conocimientos que tenían los estudiantes sobre el etiquetado de alimentos y, al final, un post-test para comprobar los conocimientos de los estudiantes. Las actividades se diversificaron: dentro/fuera del aula; presentaciones individuales versus presentaciones grupales; actividades teóricas y prácticas de análisis de etiquetas, finalizando con un peddy-paper para aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos durante el proyecto. Conclusión: Los resultados indican que los estudiantes fueron capaces de comprender y aplicar los conocimientos. El proyecto “Echa un vistazo al rótulo” ayudó a aumentar la alfabetización alimentaria y puede utilizarse en varias asignaturas como una buena estrategia para promover una alimentación saludable.
O direito ao salário-maternidade nos casos de gestação de substituição: um estudo comparado entre Brasil e Chile
Authors: Reckziegel Janaína , Escudero Rommy Alvarez , Babaresco Daniele Vedovatto Gomes da Silva
Published: June 2024

As técnicas de reprodução assistida constituem resultado do avanço tecnológico na área da medicina reprodutiva. Daquelas existentes, o presente artigo discute a gestação de substituição, vulgarmente conhecida como “barriga de aluguel”. Sua peculiaridade está no surgimento de três figuras de mãe: a mãe que nutre o desejo da procriação, a mãe doadora de gametas e a mãe receptora dos embriões, que irá gestar e dar à luz. Há, então, a geração de um impasse no que diz respeito ao benefício previdenciário denominado salário-maternidade; afinal, a quem cabe tal benefício? Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo refere-se à averiguação do direito da mãe (ou pai, solteiro ou homoafetivo) que concebe seu filho por meio da gestação de substituição ao percebimento do salário-maternidade, no Brasil e no Chile, por meio do direito comparado. Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, com revisão da literatura, legislação, e jurisprudência, verificou-se que o sistema jurídico brasileiro, bem como o chileno carecem de norma regulamentando a situação ou isso é insuficiente, cabendo à doutrina e jurisprudência a tarefa de integrar a lacuna normativa, utilizando-se das fontes integrativas do direito, tais como a analogia e os princípios gerais do direito.
Militares estaduais e movimentos grevistas: dividendos político-eleitorais e instabilidade disciplinar interna
Authors: Nunes Junior Juarez Gomes , Frota Francisco Horácio Da Silva
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo, abordam-se algumas das circunstâncias históricas que envolveram os movimentos grevistas deflagrados por policiais militares no Brasil, bem como os dividendos políticos obtidos com essa prática. O objetivo desta pesquisa é demonstrar os contornos jurídicos da ruptura constitucional que ocorre quando policiais militares paralisam suas atividades, bem como analisar os efeitos nocivos dessa prática ilegal. Na mesma linha de análise, observaram-se seus efeitos negativos para a manutenção da hierarquia e da disciplina interna, colunas fundamentais para a funcionalidade dos organismos militares. O texto também analisa o crescimento da representatividade policial militar nas casas legislativas e Poder Executivo no Brasil, e em especial no Ceará. A pesquisa se deu no campo bibliográfico, especialmente analisando publicações jornalísticas e dados obtidos na Controladoria Geral de Disciplina dos Órgãos de Segurança Pública e Sistema Penitenciário do Ceará, com recorte topográfico, temporal e fático entre os anos de 1997 até 2020. A conclusão nos levou ao fato de que as instituições policiais militares passaram por uma mudança comportamental interna nunca experimentada e se tornaram instáveis em seus fundamentos de hierarquia e disciplina.
Evaluasi Tingkat Kematangan Manajemen Insiden Layanan Teknologi Informasi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Menggunakan Maturity Level Self-Assesment ITIL v4
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Ilham , Putra Pacu , Fitriansyah Rio Ananda , Oktadini Nabila Rizky , Meiriza Allsela , Sevtiyuni Putri Eka
Published: June 2024

ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) merupakan salah satu kerangka kerja manajemen layanan teknologi informasi yang paling banyak digunakan. Sistem manajemen insiden layanan teknologi informasi PT Pusri dibangun berdasarkan ITIL v4. Keefektifan serta keefisienan sistem manajemen insiden perlu dijamin sehingga diperlukan evaluasi tingkat kematangan sistem. Evaluasi Tingkat kematangan ITIL v4 sulit dilaksanakan, dikarenakan ilmu yang berkaitan masih sedikit dan eksklusif. ITIL v4 sebagai bentuk terbaru dari ITIL , tentu mengadaptasi beberapa prinsip dari ITIL v3. Oleh karena itu ITIL Maturity Level Self-Assesment yang berpanduan pada ITIL v3 dipilih sebagai alat bantu evaluasi sistem. Evaluasi sistem manajemen insiden layanan teknologi informasi ITIL v4 PT Pusri menggunakan ITIL Maturity Level Self-Assesment memberikan hasil bahwa sistem tersebut berkategori Not Comply atau di bawah standar dengan level 3: Products, namun telah memenuhi kriteria setiap level lainnya. Hasil penilitian ini menujukkan bahwa penggunaan metode evaluasi ITIL v3 pada sistem berbasis ITIL v4 kurang tepat, hal ini dikarenakan ITIL v4 menggunakan pendekatan holistik dan lebih fleksibel.
Exploring Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Improved Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Paul Akampurira , Joe Mutebi , Brian Mugisha , Hussein Muhaise , Rosette Kyomuhangi
Published: June 2024

A crucial area of medical study is the diagnosis of breast cancer, where managing the inherent complexity of high-dimensional information poses a challenge in addition to precise identification. In order to improve diagnostic accuracy, this research investigates dimensionality reduction strategies. This study’s main goal was to improve the accuracy and interpret ability of breast cancer diagnosis by using dimensionality reduction techniques. The goal of the study is to find significant patterns for useful diagnostic models by examining how preprocessing methods affect a high-dimensional dataset. Starting with a dataset including 569 observations and 30 attributes, careful examination reveals imbalances in the dataset (63% benign, 37% malignant). We used Pearson correlation coefficients to detect and eliminate highly correlated features in order to address multi collinearity. A subsequent adjustment of the data using min-max normalization guarantees consistent weighting. Then, for thorough dimensionality reduction, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed. Screep lots and biplots are used to visually represent data, highlighting how well-suited early principle components are for separating benign from malignant instances. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of the procedure by showing a significant 24% decrease in data dimensionality. This work highlights the critical role that dimensionality reduction plays in improving breast cancer diagnosis for more precise, effective, and understandable models, and it calls for further investigation of the specific findings.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and General Acceptability of Selected Medicinal Plants Used among Afikpo People, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Authors: Fidelis Igwe Onyekachi
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the therapeutic potential, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and general acceptability of selected medicinal plants used among the Afikpo people of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study aimed to provide scientific validation for the traditional use of these plants and assess their suitability for addressing healthcare needs in the region. The therapeutic properties were evaluated through Invivo techniques and through feedback/responses between patients and certain ethnomedical practioneers, antimicrobial properties of the plants were evaluated against various pathogens using standard microbiological techniques, and their phytochemical composition was analyzed using best and standard protocols. Additionally, the general acceptability profile of the plants within the community was assessed through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings highlighted that most of the medicinal plants possessed significant therapeutic potentials like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular support, immune boaster, anti-helminthic, anti-diabetic, antidiarrheal, wound healing, etc; the plants possessed strong antimicrobial activities against different pathogenic organisms like Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger;they contained certain important phytochemicals like tannin,saponins, Sterols Flavonoids , Alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides,etc which enhances their antimicrobial activities; their general and cultural acceptability of the medicinal plants were equally high supporting their potential as alternative herbal remedies for healthcare delivery in the region. the alternative medicines used among Afikpo people which include vernonia amygladina, carica papaya, Psidium guava,moringa oleifera,magnifera indica,etc were found to be highly therapeutic, poses many phytochemicals, strong antimicrobial agents and highly accepted among the people. This has shown that these plants could serve as alternative medicine for not just Afikpo people but to general population.
The Effect of Self-Efficacy and Knowledge on a Teacher’s Task Performance: A Case Study on Public Junior High School Teachers in South Bengkulu
Authors: Dona Geistika Anugra , Pareke Fahrudin JS
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to determine how self-efficacy affects teacher task performance in SMP Negeri Bengkulu Selatan and how knowledge affects task performance. The quality of an agency can be seen from the task performance of its employees. Task performance can be improved by various aspects, such as fulfilling desires, work needs, individual and job compatibility, and formal and informal relationships with colleagues. The SmartPLS4 application was used for the SEM analysis method in this study. The sample was 110 teachers from all public junior high schools in South Bengkulu. The test results show that the self-efficacy variable has a positive and significant influence on the task performance of each teacher. In contrast, the knowledge variable does not significantly influence a teacher's task performance. The results showed a t-value of 5.387 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.050, thus indicating that the self-efficacy variable significantly positively affects task performance. The study results show that the t-value of 1.206 < 1.96 and the p-value of 0.228 < 0.50 shows that the knowledge variable does not positively affect the task performance variable. This research aims to inspire teachers by considering that self-efficacy and knowledge can affect task performance individually and institutionally.
Discurso presidencial y reacciones ; Nueva propuesta del FMLN ; Derechos humanos
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: June 2024

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
 
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 44, No. 488, 1989: 519-538.
El enemigo principal del gobierno de ARENA
Authors: A. C.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 44, No. 489, 1989: 594-598.
Los derechos humanos en los primeros días de ARENA
Authors: IDHUCA
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 44, No. 489, 1989: 602-606.
Julio
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 44, No. 489, 1989: 607-615.
Driving energy transition through financial innovation: The critical role of Big Data and ESG metrics
Authors: Omowonuola Ireoluwapo Kehinde Olanrewaju  , Darlington Eze Ekechukwu  , Peter Simpa
Published: June 2024

Driving the transition to sustainable energy is a critical global imperative, and financial innovation plays a pivotal role in accelerating this process. This paper examines the intersection of financial innovation, big data, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics in advancing the energy transition. By harnessing the power of big data and integrating ESG considerations into investment decisions, financial institutions can drive meaningful change towards a more sustainable energy future. The paper begins by exploring the concept of energy transition, highlighting its importance, drivers, and challenges. It then delves into the role of financial innovation, discussing examples and the opportunities it presents for driving the transition. Subsequently, it examines the significance of big data in understanding energy consumption patterns and optimizing energy efficiency, along with the role of ESG metrics in influencing investment decisions and corporate behavior. The critical role of big data and ESG metrics is emphasized, with a focus on their synergistic potential in driving sustainable investments and informing decision-making processes. Case studies are presented to illustrate successful applications of big data and ESG metrics in the energy sector. Finally, the paper discusses challenges and future directions, including regulatory considerations, technological advancements, and opportunities for collaboration. It concludes by underscoring the importance of continued financial innovation in driving the energy transition and calls for collective action towards a sustainable energy future.
Keywords: Energy Transition, Financial Innovation, Big Data, ESG Metrics, Sustainability, Investment Decisions, Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Climate Change
Ravulizumab (Ultomiris)
Authors: CADTH
Published: June 2024

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses ravulizumab (Ultomiris), 10 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL, concentrate for solution, IV infusion
Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
ATIVIDADE POLICIAL MILITAR E OS DESAFIOS DO INGRESSO À APOSENTADORIA
Authors: Passos Elysson Leonty dos , Kovalski Jennifer Cristina
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo aborda o impacto do estresse na carreira do Policial Militar e as preocupações associadas à sua aposentadoria. Ao longo da exposição, são discutidos os desafios enfrentados pelos policiais, incluindo o risco de transtornos mentais e físicos decorrentes das demandas da profissão. Além disso, são apresentadas soluções e políticas públicas para promover uma melhor qualidade de vida após a ida deste profissional para a reserva remunerada, como programas de preparação para a aposentadoria, acesso a serviços de saúde mental, incentivo à prática de atividades físicas e recreativas, criação de redes de apoio social entre outras estratégias. O artigo destaca a importância de investir no bem-estar dos policiais ao longo de suas carreiras, garantindo-lhes suporte e recursos para uma transição suave para a aposentadoria e uma vida pós-polícia satisfatória.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS BARRAGENS DAS USINAS HIDRELÉTRICAS DE JIRAU E SANTO ANTÔNIO: UM ESTUDO DA LEGISLAÇÃO E MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO DE RISCOS DE ROMPIMENTO
Authors: Andrade Larissa Ribeiro , Almeida Andréia Alves de
Published: June 2024

Este artigo visa analisar os impactos das barragens das Usinas Hidrelétricas de Jirau e Santo Antônio no Estado de Rondônia, com foco na legislação aplicável e nas medidas de prevenção de riscos de rompimento. A problemática é: Analisar quais os impactos das barragens das Usinas hidrelétricas no Estado de Rondônia? Quanto ao objetivo geral definiu-se: analisar os impactos das barragens das Usinas Hidrelétricas de Jirau e Santo Antônio no Estado de Rondônia, já os objetivos específicos incluem analisar os impactos socioambientais decorrentes da construção e operação das barragens, incluindo deslocamento de comunidades, alterações no ecossistema e impactos na qualidade da água, apresentar o conceito de barragem e como elas acontecem no Estado de Rondônia, Verificar o cumprimento da legislação ambiental e de segurança pelas barragens das Usinas Hidrelétricas de Jirau e Santo Antônio em Rondônia. Com base nessa análise, serão elaboradas discussões e recomendações para o aprimoramento das medidas de prevenção de riscos, contribuindo para uma compreensão mais abrangente dos desafios e oportunidades associadas a essas importantes estruturas de geração de energia em Rondônia. Assim, utilizou-se a metodologia dedutiva, apresentando a pesquisa bibliográfica e legal, bem como técnicas do referente, da categoria, do conceito operacional e do chamamento.
Partial replacement of soybean meal with Musca domestica larvae meal in broiler diets: implications for growth performance, nutrient utilization, hemato-biochemical profile and organoleptic characteristics
Authors: Khan Momin , Chand Naila , Khan Sarzamin , Naz Shabana , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Chandrasekaran Ananthanarayanan , Khan Rifat Ullah
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The present investigation aimed to assess the impact of substituting soybean meal (SBM) with Musca domestica larvae meal (HMM) in the diet of broilers (Ross 308, n=1000) during the initial 1–28 d of their growth period. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous broiler rations were formulated, including a control group (Mag-0) with 100 % SBM and 0 % HMM, diet 2 (Mag-10) with 90 % SBM and 10 % HMM, diet 3 (Mag-20) with 80 % SBM and 20 % HMM, and diet 4 (Mag-30) with 70 % SBM and 30 % HMM. The analysis of amino acid concentrations in diets revealed slight increases in most essential and nonessential amino acids, except for phenylalanine, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and serine, with increasing levels of SBM substitution with HMM. Digestibility of nutrients, including dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, crude protein ether extract, ash and crude fiber, was not significantly affected across different substituted diets. Similarly, amino acid digestibility did not differ among various diets of SBM substituted with house fly larvae meal. Weekly and overall body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratios were similar across all birds fed different replacement diets. Apparent metabolizable energy, protein efficiency ratio, dressing percentage and antibody titre also showed no significant differences among the substituted diets and the control group. Similarly, hematological and organoleptic studies exhibited statistically similar effects. Overall, the study concludes that substituting up to 30 % of SBM with HMM in broiler rations does not adversely affect health or performance in broiler chickens.
California wildfire smoke contributes to a positive atmospheric temperature anomaly over the western United States
Authors: Gomez James L. , Allen Robert J. , Li King-Fai
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Wildfires in the southwestern United States, particularly in northern California (nCA), have grown in size and severity in the past decade. As they have grown larger, they have been associated with large emissions of absorbing aerosols and heat into the troposphere. Utilizing satellite observations from MODIS, CERES, and AIRS as well as reanalysis from MERRA-2, the meteorology associated with fires during the wildfire season (June–October) was discerned over the nCA-NV (northern California and Nevada) region during the period 2003–2022. Wildfires in the region have a higher probability of occurring on days of positive temperature (T) anomalies and negative relative humidity (RH) anomalies, making it difficult to discern the radiative effects of aerosols that are concurrent with fires. To attempt to better isolate the effects of large fire emissions on meteorological variables, such as clouds and precipitation, variable anomalies on high fire emission days (90th percentile) were compared with low fire emission days (10th percentile) and were further stratified based on whether surface relative humidity (RHs) was anomalously high (75th percentile) or low (25th percentile) compared with typical fire season conditions. Comparing the simultaneously high fire emission and high RHs data with the simultaneously low fire emission and high RHs data, positive tropospheric T anomalies were found to be concurrent with positive AOD anomalies. Further investigation found that due to shortwave absorption, the aerosols heat the atmosphere at a rate of 0.041 ± 0.016 to 0.093 ± 0.019 K d−1, depending on whether RH conditions are anomalously positive or negative. The positive T anomalies were associated with significant negative 850–300 hPa RH anomalies during both 75th percentile RHs conditions. Furthermore, high fire emission days under high RHs conditions are associated with negative CF anomalies that are concurrent with the negative RH anomalies. This negative CF anomaly is associated with a significantly negative regional precipitation anomaly and a positive net top-of-atmosphere radiative flux anomaly (a warming effect) in certain areas. The T, RH, and CF anomalies under the simultaneously high fire emission and high RHs conditions compared with the simultaneously low fire emission and high RHs conditions have a significant spatial correlation with AOD anomalies. Additionally, the vertical profile of these variables under the same stratification is consistent with positive black carbon mass mixing ratio anomalies from MERRA-2. However, causality is difficult to discern, and further study is warranted to determine to what extent the aerosols are contributing to these anomalies.
Retention of α-pinene oxidation products and nitro-aromatic compounds during riming
Authors: Borchers Christine , Seymore Jackson , Gautam Martanda , Dörholt Konstantin , Müller Yannik , Arndt Andreas , Gömmer Laura , Ungeheuer Florian , Szakáll Miklós , Borrmann Stephan , Theis Alexander , Vogel Alexander Lucas , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Riming is an important growth process of graupel and hailstones in mixed-phase zones of clouds, during which supercooled liquid droplets freeze on the surface of ice particles by contact. Compounds dissolved in the supercooled cloud droplets can remain in the ice or be released to the gas phase during freezing, which might play an important role in the vertical redistribution of these compounds in the atmosphere by convective cloud processes. This is important for estimating the availability of these compounds in the upper troposphere, where organic matter can promote new particle formation and growth. The amount of organics remaining in the ice phase can be described by the retention coefficient. Experiments were performed in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel under dry and wet growth conditions (temperature from -12 to -3 °C and a liquid water contents (LWC) of 0.9 ± 0.2 g m-3 and 2.2 ± 0.2 g m-3) as well as different pH values (4 and 5.6) to obtain the retention coefficients of α-pinene oxidation products and nitro-aromatic compounds. For cis-pinic acid, cis-pinonic acid, and (-)-pinanediol mean retention coefficients of 0.96 ± 0.07, 0.92 ± 0.11and 0.98 ± 0.08 were obtained. 4-Nitrophenol, 4-nitrocatechol, 2‑nitrobenzoic acid, and 2‑nitrophenol showed mean retention coefficients of 1.01 ± 0.07, 1.01 ± 0.14, 0.99 ± 0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.10. Only the retention coefficient of 2-nitrophenol showed a dependence on temperature, growth regime, and pH. This is in accordance with previous studies which showed a dependence between the dimensionless effective Henry's law constant H* and the retention coefficient for inorganic and small organic molecules. Our results reveal that this correlation can also be applied to more complex organic molecules, and that retention under these conditions is negligible for molecules with H* below 103, while unity retention can be expected for compounds with H* above 108.
Carbon sequestration in different urban vegetation types in Southern Finland
Authors: Thölix Laura , Backman Leif , Havu Minttu , Karvinen Esko , Soininen Jesse , Trémeau Justine , Nevalainen Olli , Ahongshangbam Joyson , Järvi Leena , Kulmala Liisa
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Many cities seek carbon neutrality and are therefore interested in the sinks of urban vegetation. However, the heterogeneous nature of urban vegetation and environmental conditions limit comprehensive measurement efforts setting expectations for carbon cycle modelling. In this study, we examined the performance of three models – JSBACH, LPJ-GUESS, and SUEWS – in estimating carbon sequestration rates in both irrigated and non-irrigated lawns, park trees (Tilia cordata), and urban forests (Betula pendula) in Helsinki, Finland. The test data included observations of various environmental parameters and component fluxes such as soil moisture and temperature, sap flow, leaf area index, momentary photosynthesis, soil respiration, and net ecosystem exchange. Our analysis revealed that these models effectively simulated seasonal and annual variations, as well as the impacts of weather events on carbon fluxes and related factors. However, validating absolute flux levels proved challenging due to observational constraints, particularly concerning mature trees and that in urban areas net ecosystem exchange measurements include some anthropogenic emissions. Irrigation emerged as a key factor often improving carbon sequestration while tree-covered areas demonstrated greater carbon sequestration rates compared with lawns on an annual scale. Notably, all models demonstrated similar mean net ecosystem exchange across a studied urban vegetation area on an annual scale over the study period. However, compared to JSBACH, LPJ-GUESS exhibited higher carbon sequestration rates in tree-covered areas but lower rates in grassland types. All models indicated notable year-to-year differences in annual sequestration rates, but since the same factors, such as temperature and soil moisture, affect processes both assimilating and releasing carbon, connecting the years of high or low carbon sequestration to key meteorological means failed. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of integrating diverse vegetation types and impacts of irrigation into urban carbon modelling efforts to inform sustainable urban planning and climate change mitigation strategies.
Age, thinning and spatial origin of the Beyond EPICA ice from a 2.5D ice flow model
Authors: Chung Ailsa , Parrenin Frédéric , Mulvaney Robert , Vittuari Luca , Frezzotti Massimo , Zanutta Antonio , Lilien David A. , Cavitte Marie G. P. , Eisen Olaf
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The European Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice consortium is currently conducting an ice core drilling project at Little Dome C (LDC) in Antarctica with the aim of retrieving a continuous ice core up to 1.5 Ma. In order to determine the age of the ice at a given depth, 1D numerical models are often employed. However, they do not take into account any effects due to horizontal flow. We present a 2.5D inverse model that determines the age–depth profile along a flow line from Dome C (DC) to LDC that is assumed to be stable in time. The model is constrained by dated radar internal reflecting horizons. Surface velocity measurements are used to determine the flow line and ascertain the flow tube width, which also allows the model to consider lateral divergence. This new model therefore improves on the results produced by 1D models previously applied to the DC area. By inferring a mechanical ice thickness, the model predicts either the thickness of a basal layer of stagnant ice or a basal melt rate. Results show that the deepest ice at Beyond EPICA Little Dome C (BELDC) originates from around 15 km upstream. The oldest ice with useful age resolution, i.e. with an age density of 20 kyr m-1, is predicted to be 1.12 Ma at BELDC. Over the LDC area, the 2.5D model predicts a basal layer 200–250 m thick at the base of the ice sheet. Modelled ice particle trajectories suggest that this layer could be composed of stagnant ice, accreted ice or even disturbed ice containing debris. We explore the possibilities, though this is an open question that may only be answered by analysis the Beyond EPICA ice core once it has been drilled. Finally, we discuss in detail a thinning in the basal layer which is less than predicted by the model, as observed in other ice cores. This could mean that modelled ages are significantly over-estimated in the deepest part of the ice column. Given that the age estimate from the 2.5D model is younger than previous estimates, we suggest that horizontal flow is an important factor in this region. However, our model assumes that the flow line features such as flow direction and dome location have not change over the time period considered, which might not be the case.
Unveiling amplified isolation in climate networks due to global warming
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Qiao Panjie , Hou Meiyi , Chen Yuan , Liu Wenqi , Zhang Yongwen
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Our study utilizes a global reanalysis of near-surface daily air temperature data spanning the years from 1949 to 2019 to construct climate networks. By employing community detection for each year, we reveal the evolving community structure of the climate network within the context of global warming. Our findings indicate significant changes in measures such as network modularity and the number of communities over the past 30 years. Notably, the community structure of the climate network has undergone a discernible transition since the early 1980s. We attribute this transition to the substantial increase in isolated nodes since the 1980s, primarily concentrated in equatorial ocean regions. Additionally, we demonstrate that nodes experiencing amplified isolation tend to diminish connectivity with other nodes globally, particularly those within the same oceanic basin, while showing a significant strengthening of connections with the Eurasian and North African continents. We deduce that the mechanism driving amplified isolation in the climate network may be comprehended through the weakening of tropical circulations, such as the Hadley cell and Walker circulation, in response to increasing greenhouse gases.
Underwater light environment in Arctic fjords
Authors: Schlegel Robert W. , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Gentili Bernard , Bélanger Simon , Castro de la Guardia Laura , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Miller Cale A. , Sejr Mikael , Gattuso Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Most inhabitants of the Arctic live near the coastline, which includes fjord systems where socio-ecological coupling with coastal communities is dominant. It is therefore critically important that the key aspects of Arctic fjords be measured as well as possible. Much work has been done to monitor temperature and salinity, but in-depth knowledge of the light environment throughout Arctic fjords is lacking. This is particularly problematic knowing the importance of light for benthic ecosystem engineers such as macroalgae, which also play a major role in ecosystem function. Here we document the creation and implementation of a high-resolution (∼50–150 m) gridded dataset for surface photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), diffuse attenuation of PAR through the water column (KPAR), and PAR available at the seafloor (bottom PAR) for seven Arctic fjords distributed throughout Svalbard, Greenland, and Norway during the period 2003–2022. In addition to KPAR and bottom PAR being available at a monthly resolution over this time period, all variables are available as a global average, annual averages, and monthly climatologies, with standard deviations provided for the latter two. Throughout most Arctic fjords, the interannual variability of monthly bottom PAR is too large to determine any long-term trends. However, in some fjords, bottom PAR increases in spring and autumn and decreases in summer. While a full investigation into these causes is beyond the scope of the description of the dataset presented here, it is hypothesized that this shift is due to a decrease in seasonal ice cover (i.e. enhanced surface PAR) in the shoulder seasons and an increase in coastal runoff (i.e. increased turbidity and decreased surface PAR) in summer. A demonstration of the usability of the dataset is given by showing how it can be combined with known PAR requirements of macroalgae to track the change in the potential distribution area for macroalgal habitats within fjords with time. The datasets are available on PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.962895 (Gentili et al., 2023a) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.965460 (Gentili et al., 2024). A toolbox for downloading and working with this dataset is available in the form of the FjordLight R package, which is available via CRAN (Gentili et al., 2023b, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259129) or may be installed via GitHub: https://face-it-project.github.io/FjordLight (last access: 29 April 2024).
GDHPM: A Geostatistical Disaggregation approach for generating hourly Precipitation in Mountainous regions preserving complex temporal patterns
Authors: Samal Nibedita , KV Meenakshi , Singhal Akshay , Jha Sanjeev Kumar , Oriani Fabio
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Accurate precipitation estimation with high temporal resolution is crucial to monitor and predict natural hazards in mountainous regions. While rain gauges are the reliable source of precipitation data, they lack continuous fine resolution at desired locations, such as avalanche and landslide sites. In this context, temporal disaggregation approaches can be used to obtain continuous hourly precipitation time series that account for the issues observed in mountainous regions, such as, (i) filling gaps in the data, (ii) capturing fine resolution statistical properties using available nearest station record, and (iii) availing longer historical records for better hindcasting. Multiple Point Geostatistics (MPS) approaches are known to mimic spatial patterns from the observed physical reality. This study introduces GDHPM, a temporal disaggregation approach, that investigates the possibility of MPS to search and generate complex temporal patterns. The objective is to simulate hourly precipitation time series from observed daily precipitation at multiple avalanche sites. Moreover, combinations of auxiliary time series from different locations and in varying numbers are tested as covariates. The results reveal that GDHPM produces hourly precipitation ensembles of realistic time patterns over a complex and extensive mountain terrain to improve avalanche and landslide forecasting.
A diversity centric strategy for the selection of spatio-temporal training data for LSTM-based streamflow forecasting
Authors: Snieder Everett , Khan Usman T.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Deep learning models are increasingly being applied to streamflow forecasting problems. Their success is in part attributed to the large and hydrologically diverse datasets on which they are trained. However, common data selection methods fail to explicitly account for hydrological diversity contained within training data. In this research, clustering is used to characterise temporal and spatial diversity, in order to better understand the importance of hydrological diversity within regional training datasets. This study presents a novel, diversity-based resampling approach to creating hydrologically diverse datasets. First, the undersampling procedure is used to undersample temporal data, and is used to show how the amount of temporal data needed to train models can be halved without any loss in performance. Next, it is applied to reduce the number of basins in the training dataset. While basins cannot be omitted from training without some loss in performance, we show how hydrologically dissimilar basins are highly beneficial to model performance. This is shown empirically for Canadian basins; models trained to sets of basins separated by thousands of kilometres outperform models trained to localised clusters. We strongly recommend an approach to training data selection that encourages a broad representation of diverse hydrological processes.
Quantifying cascading uncertainty in compound flood modeling with linked process-based and machine learning models
Authors: Muñoz David F. , Moftakhari Hamed , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Compound flood (CF) modeling enables the simulation of nonlinear water level dynamics in which concurrent or successive flood drivers synergize, producing larger impacts than those from individual drivers. However, CF modeling is subject to four main sources of uncertainty: (i) the initial condition, (ii) the forcing (or boundary) conditions, (iii) the model parameters, and (iv) the model structure. These sources of uncertainty, if not quantified and effectively reduced, cascade in series throughout the modeling chain and compromise the accuracy of CF hazard assessments. Here, we characterize cascading uncertainty using linked process-based and machine learning (PB–ML) models for a well-known CF event, namely, Hurricane Harvey in Galveston Bay, TX. For this, we run a set of hydrodynamic model scenarios to quantify isolated and cascading uncertainty in terms of maximum water level residuals; additionally, we track the evolution of residuals during the onset, peak, and dissipation of Hurricane Harvey. We then develop multiple linear regression (MLR) and PB–ML models to estimate the relative and cumulative contribution of the four sources of uncertainty to total uncertainty over time. Results from this study show that the proposed PB–ML model captures “hidden” nonlinear associations and interactions among the sources of uncertainty, thereby outperforming conventional MLR models. The model structure and forcing conditions are the main sources of uncertainty in CF modeling, and their corresponding model scenarios, or input features, contribute to 56 % of variance reduction in the estimation of maximum water level residuals. Following these results, we conclude that PB–ML models are a feasible alternative for quantifying cascading uncertainty in CF modeling.