bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): Conhecimento e Sobrecarga dos Pais
Authors: Teixeira Soares Ana Pricila , Da Silva Bruna Millena , Santos Lucas Sinesio , Gama Gabriela Lopes
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e sobrecarga de pais de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Materiais e Métodos: Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, com 32 questões divididas em cinco domínios e da escala de Zarit reduzida. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 20 mães. Em geral, no momento do diagnóstico, essas mães não tinham conhecimento sobre TEA e atualmente apresentam interesse de ampliar seus conhecimentos. Uma sobrecarga moderada e grave foi observada na maioria das mães, resultado que não teve correlação com a idade da mãe, idade da criança na identificação dos primeiros sinais de TEA, nível de conhecimento materno, idade da criança no diagnóstico e tempo de diagnóstico. Correlações positivas foram observadas entre a dificuldade de fixação do olhar como um dos primeiros sinais de TEA e a idade de diagnóstico. Discussão: Apesar da sobrecarga identificada nas avaliadas, a ausência de correlação com as variáveis analisadas pode estar associada ao caráter multidimensional dessa sobrecarga. Conclusão: Após o diagnóstico, pais de crianças com TEA têm interesse de ampliar seus conhecimentos sobre o transtorno. A sobrecarga dos cuidadores deve ser discutida diante de suas possíveis consequências não apenas para os cuidadores como para as crianças.
Closeout Netting in Russia: The Concept, Meaning and Implementation Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Banking Law and Financial and Legal Disciplines of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) Associate Professor of the Department of Banking Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) PhD (Law), Komolov Artem L.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the concept of close-out netting, its role and significance for the stability of the financial market and minimizing the risks of participants in derivatives transactions. The author conducts a research of the procedure for implementing close-out netting based on the provisions of the Model Provisions for derivative transactions on the financial markets as of 2011, the results of which can be used in practice.
Dimensões da competência em informação: reflexões frente aos movimentos de infodemia e desinformação na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Mata Marta Leandro da , Grigoleto Maira Cristina , Lousada Mariana
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir, com base na Sociologia da Ciência e na Ciência da Informação, sobre as condições de produção, divulgação e validação de enunciados, discursos e fatos científicos dentro e fora dos laboratórios. Em continuidade, pretendeu-se abordar a informação na sociedade contemporânea, apresentando as concepções de infodemia e desinformação, bem como apresentar as possíveis formas de mobilização dos indivíduos por meio das dimensões da competência em informação frente à pandemia da COVID-19. No que diz respeito aos procedimentos metodológicos, essa pesquisa se caracteriza quanto aos objetivos como exploratória, já no que se refere aos procedimentos, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica. A partir dos dados analisados, inferimos que a pandemia demonstrou que uma parcela significativa da população está vulnerável a infodemia e a desinformação. As fontes de informação institucionalizadas são o melhor canal de comunicação para reverter essa situação. Conclui-se que, torna-se cada vez mais urgente fomentar e implementar políticas informacionais voltadas para formação da competência em informação
Promise of Decent Care and the Problem of Poor Working Conditions. Double Movements Around Live-In Care In Austria
Authors: Aulenbacher Brigitte , Leiblfinger Michael , Prieler Veronika
Published: December 2020

Over the last decades, the marketization of live-in care for the elderly in Austria has been accompanied by new forms of regulation and the contestation surrounding this type of care provision. The article analyzes this process as a Polanyian double movement – the movement of a market-driven provision of care and organization of care work, and countermovements seeking protection from its effects – and asks to what extent the provision of decent care and decent work are affected. Drawing on policy and media analyses as well as interviews with representatives of brokering agencies and other stakeholders in the field, we show how live-in care is embedded in the Austrian care regime, how its marketization entails contradictions between decent care and poor working conditions and how care disputes and attempts to regulate the model have emerged.
Neue Gestaltungsoptionen für humane Nacht- und Schichtarbeit? – Experteneinschätzungen am Beispiel Digitalisierung
Authors: Evers Maren
Published: December 2020

In the course of the debate on industry 4.0 and digitalisation, production technology has made considerable promises regarding an improvement in the quality of work. There are also concepts for the organisation of night and shift work, such as a shift doodle. The article asks to what extent digitalisation really offers opportunities for a humane organisation of night and shift work. The results of 40 interviews with experts suggest that the use of new technologies is not seen as a sufficient approach to a solution. Problems such as management deficits in the design of operational processes and wrong incentives by means of monetary compensation of strain remain fundamental obstacles that need to be solved.
Potential of the Jerivá Fruit (Syagrus romanzoffiana C.): Physicochemical and Bioactive Characterization
Authors: Silva Leirson Rodrigues da , Figueiredo Ana Rosa de , Morais Lilia Aparecida Salgado de
Published: December 2020

Background: Jerivá is a native palm tree from Brazil, very abundant in the rural environment and widely observed in the urban area. Its fruits can be consumed in fresh and drink form. Despite this context there are few studies on the species, especially when portraying the nutritional value of its fruit. This research aims to investigate jerivá fruits in three ripening stages. Methods: The fruits were harvested in a domestic orchard in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, in three ripening stages, according to the color: green (green peel), intermediate (yellowish green peel) and ripe (orange peel). The fruits were characterized in terms of physicochemical and bioactive composition. Result: This fruit has a low source of ascorbic acid in all evaluated stages, but has high levels for yellow flavonoids and total extractable polyphenols when mature (23.07 mg/100 g and 596.95 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). Considering the relevance of this fruit species and the few researches at national level, it is necessary to evaluate the physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of the fruits of Jerivá, in order to quantify particularities regarding the detailed composition, guaranteeing its potential for use.
Diversity of Indigenous Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Cultivated in Rice Fallows
Authors: Satyanandam T. , Babu K. , Yellamanda B. , Kumar K. Vijaya , Rosaiah G. , Vijayalakshmi M.
Published: December 2020

Background: Legume nodulating bacteria (LNB), also known as rhizobia produce root nodules on leguminous plants where in nitrogen fixation takes place. In agriculture, this symbiotic relationship is significant as it provides nitrogenous fertilizers to the leguminous crops. Traditionally rhizobia were exclusively members of the Rhizobiaceae family in the Alphaproteobacteria class of bacteria. Several reports revealed that large number of diazotrophs have the ability to nodulate and fix atmospheric N2 in legumes in addition to rhizobia which are outside the Alphaproteobacteria class. Relatively less information is available on the genetic diversity of indigenous rhizobia nodulating blackgram cultivated in rice fallows. Hence the present study was carried out to know the diversity of symbiotic native nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from the root nodules of blackgram grown in rice fallows using partial 16S rRNA sequencing. Methods: Nitrogen fixing microsymbionts (Rhizobium strains) from root nodules of blackgram were isolated on yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) medium. The pure cultures were maintained at 28±2°C for 48 h. Identification of Rhizobium isolates was done by using various tests and Morphological characterization of isolates was also done by using standard microbiological methods. The
PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of isolates were carried out to identify the isolates. Result: In the present study four strains of Rhizobium designated as VM-2, VM-8, VM-9 and VM-15 were isolated. Morphologically colonies of all strains are round, transparent, entire, convex and smooth. They are Gram-ve and rod shaped. Mucilage production is noticed in VM-2, VM-8 and VM-9. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain VM-2 showed a close relation with Rhizobium, VM-8 and VM-9 with Bradyrhizobium where as VM-15 with Achromobater. It was concluded that the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from the root nodules of blackgram cultivated in rice fallows exhibited high genetic diversity.
La crisis de la democracia representativa y las tendencias hacia un hiperpresidencialismo, un análisis del caso México
Authors: Wong Meraz Víctor Alejandro
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza uno de los temas centrales para el constitucionalismo moderno: el control del poder. El cual, con la crisis provocada por el COVID-19, ha puesto en jaque a todas las instituciones democráticas del mundo. Ello ha ocasionado que resurjan las tentaciones de presidentes fuertes, o incluso de llegar a los presidencialismos autoritarios bajo el argumento de poder responder mejor al reto. La metodología que se emplea para la presente investigación será cualitativa, en el sentido de que el análisis resultante es a partir del estudio en diversos textos, de las famosas facultades metaconstitucionales que han repercutido en la realidad constitucional. Igualmente, se analizarán los resultados de 2018, teniendo en cuenta que podría detonar las facultades metaconstitucionales del presidente mexicano. Como resultado de la investigación se acredita la importancia del estudio del debate del constitucional suscitado en la República de Weimar, en la época Entre Guerras. El cual, es considerado el de mayor rigor científico y que más ha aportado a las ciencias jurídicas. Allí podemos caer en el positivismo jurídico de Kelsen, decisionismo de Schmitt, integracionismo de Smend, o la  metodología de las ciencias constitucionales de Heller.
La Protección del Patrimonio Cultural. Una Visión Desde el Derecho Cubano
Authors: Pírez María Eugenia Grau , López Jorge Luis Varona , Sol Alfredo Soler del
Published: December 2020

a protección jurídica del patrimonio cultural reviste una gran importancia para la salvaguarda de la identidad y la memoria histórica de los pueblos. Varios instrumentos internacionales y los diferentes sistemas de derecho se proyectan en relación al cuidado de tan significativos valores que lo integran. En Cuba, aunque se encuentra protegido legalmente, su tutela merece ser perfeccionada a raíz de los planteamientos de la nueva Constitución de la República de 2019, de las novedosas concepciones que en la actualidad operan en la gestión del patrimonio en la palestra internacional, y de las exigencias que se imponen como parte de las garantías de derechos fundamentales, tales como: el derecho a un medio ambiente sano, el derecho a la participación en la vida cultural de la nación, y el derecho al disfrute del patrimonio común de la humanidad.
A Função da Constituição Financeira
Authors: Bernardes Flávio Couto , Gontijo Pedro Augusto Costa
Published: December 2020

A partir da análise do sistema do Direito como sistema comunicativo, percebe-se a complexidade própria do fenômeno da Constituição Financeira. Esta é tomada como o acoplamento estrutural existente entre Política e Direito e que, em seu funcionamento orgânico, irrita diretamente o sistema da Economia. É a partir dessa visão de que a comunicação normativa da Constituição Financeira ocupa o papel central da estrutura estatal que o presente trabalho se apresenta no sentido de avaliar o valor da Constituição a partir de sua interrelação com a sociedade, com a normatividade e com os clássicos. Para construir o raciocínio, lançou-se mão de metodologia teorético-explicativa, especificamente com a contraposição de teorias e a extração dos principais significados de cada uma delas para revelar o que seria a Constituição Financeira.
La Recepción de la Cultura del “Compliance” y del “Whistleblowing” en España
Authors: Pradillo Juan Carlos Ortiz
Published: December 2020

El sistema elegido por el legislador español a la hora de regular la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas no solo perseguía fomentar una cultura del cumplimiento normativo y prevenir la comisión de ilícitos en el ámbito empresarial, sino también la colaboración de la empresa con las autoridades estatales cuando aquella es investigada en una causa judicial. Para ello, la denominada “cultura Compliance” se ha centrado en la persona jurídica ―pública o privada― y su adecuado modelo de prevención delictiva. Pero también resulta relevante atender a los otros sujetos involucrados en ese cumplimiento normativo penal: los empleados y demás sujetos que colaboran con la empresa o con las propias autoridades estatales aportando información esencial sobre los hechos ilícitos y sus autores. Es la cultura del Whistleblowing, caracterizada por el establecimiento de canales seguros de recepción de dicha información y por la articulación de especiales medidas de protección de tales sujetos frente a las represalias que pudieran sufrir con motivo de tal colaboración. El presente estudio se centra en examinar en profundidad los antecedentes nacionales en dicha materia, así como el nuevo marco legislativo procedente de la Unión Europea ―la Directiva (UE) 2019/1937― para ofrecer cambios legislativos que brinden seguridad jurídica, asistencia legal y protección eficaz a los alertadores de corrupción, fraudes y malas prácticas, tanto en el sector privado como en el público.
cheiro e alguns ascos
Authors: Anjos Liliane Souza dos
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho coloca no centro do debate o estatuto analítico-discursivo do cheiro. É no filme Parasita, objeto de estudo escolhido para este artigo, que a questão se desenvolve. Procuro demonstrar que, com os procedimentos da Análise de Discurso materialista, é possível pôr à escuta o funcionamento do cheiro na imbricação material com o corpo, o espaço, a língua e o gesto. Nesse processo, o diálogo com a obra literária A Metamorfose, de Franz Kafka, torna-se produtivo, na medida em que coloca em causa relações simbólicas capazes de capturar os sujeitos em rupturas, ausências e humilhações.
olhar discursivo-desconstrutivo sobre representações na Carta Aberta “Contra o genocídio da população indígena”
Authors: Guerra Vania Maria Lescano , Santos Graziele Ferreira dos
Published: December 2020

Nosso objetivo é problematizar as representações sobre os povos indígenas sul-mato-grossenses que atravessam o discurso da Carta Aberta ‒ Contra o genocídio da população indígena. A Carta Aberta é um recurso utilizado pelo Núcleo de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros e Indígenas, do Instituto Federal de São Paulo, para denunciar conflitos sofridos pelas etnias indígenas. O corpus desta pesquisa reúne representações sobre o indígena, do poder hierárquico, a partir de recortes discursivos do texto. Pautamos nosso olhar no arcabouço teórico da Análise do Discurso de origem francesa (ORLANDI, 2003; CORACINI, 2007), por meio do método arqueogenealógico (FOUCAULT, 2014; GREGOLIN, 2004) e da perspectiva discursivo-desconstrutiva (CORACINI, 2010). Os povos indígenas brasileiros passaram por muitos processos excludentes desde o período colonial, entretanto, essas marcas ainda são encontradas na sociedade atual.
THE ROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN POVERTY ALLEVIATIONS: CASE STUDY INDONESIA
Authors: Yasin Mohammad Zeqi
Published: December 2020

The debate on whether microfinance genuinely alleviates poverty has captivatedmany researchers to investigate this issue. The results are mixed up and varied.Hence, this study aims to convey how the schemes of microfinance can deal with poverty, especially in Indonesia. Moreover, this study also investigates thesustainability of microfinance institutions in dealing with the trade-off betweensocial goal and profit goal. This study employs a descriptive analysis approach with literature study data collection technique. The discussion of this study reveals that the emergence of microfinance in Indonesia, in any ways, has had a significant role as a source of income for poor or micro entrepreneurs. The schemes of conventional and Islamic have also diversified opportunity to gain funding. However, the mix possible success of microfinance, either high-profit goal or high-social goal, have to be seriously concerned. In this regard, the finding implication of this study is that the management structure requires new approaches to avoid such possible mix results. As the involvement of microfinance with most of unexperienced debtors, microfinance institutions as creditor have to, at least, not only provide financial help for the poor, but also offer non-financial help such as training and good relationship. This can be organized along with extending the deeper credit outreach, even if, for absolute poor.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN YANG DIGUNAKAN PRESENTER AMERIKA DAN INDONESIA DALAM SUATU ACARA TALKSHOW
Authors: Aryani Intan Tia Ajeng
Published: December 2020

Salah satu bentuk pragmatik adalah nilai kesantunan dalam suatu ujaran dari bahasa yang digunakan. Brown (2015) menyatakan bahwa bahasa adalah instrumen pembeda antara manusia dengan makhluk yang lain, sedangkan kesantunan adalah fitur bahasa yang mengungkapkan sifat sosialitas manusia melalui cara berbicara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan bentuk kesantunan yang digunakan oleh presenter dalam acara talkshow. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian berasal dari ujaran-ujaran presenter Ellen Talkshow dan Ini Talkshow. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kedua presenter dalam talkshow tersebut memiliki persamaan yaitu cenderung menggunakan strategi kesantunan positif. Penggunaan strategi kesantunan positif dipilih oleh kedua presenter ini guna memelihara hubungan sosial dengan tamunya.Kata kunci: strategi kesantunan, pragmatik lintas budaya, talkshow
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of University Students in Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Asif Hafiz , Abdul Sattar Hafiz
Published: December 2020

Purpose: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the cause of COVID-19 eventually led to the declaration of Public health emergency of international concern and a pandemic by WHO due to its exponential global spread. Present study was conducted to investigate the impact of second wave of pandemic on mental wellbeing and social behaviors among university students of Pakistan during this crucial period of COVID-19 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was designed to evaluate the psychosocial impact during the current COVID-19 outbreak among the students of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Snowball sampling or chain referral sampling procedure was adopted to recruit the participants in the study. Verbal informed consent was taken from all participants before recruitment in the study irrespective of their gender, age and socioeconomic status. Results: Mental health of university students during COVID-19 epidemic was affected to a varying degree revealing that 26.66% were recorded to have mild, 27.15% moderate and 17.04% suffering from severe anxiety out of total 1029 students. Students who were residing in urban areas with parents and having a steady family income were negatively associated and found protective factors against anxiety. However, having a relative or an acquaintance infected with COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for experienced anxiety. Positively associated factors with the level of anxiety symptoms included economic stressors, effects on daily-life, and academic delays whereas social support was negatively correlated with anxiety in COVID-19 related stressors. Conclusion: Public health emergencies and such pandemic are exerting serious psychological impacts on university students. It is recommended that the higher authorities should plan better policies to reduce this impact for the provision of high quality and timely crisis-oriented psychological services to university students.
Gaze Following and Pupil Dilation as Objective Measures of Early Diagnosis of Children with ASD
Authors: Camero Raquel , Martínez Verónica , Gallego Carlos
Published: December 2020

(1) Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show certain characteristics in visual attention which generate difficulties in the integration of relevant social information to set the basis of communication. Gaze following and pupil dilation could be used to identify signs for the early detection of ASD. Eye-tracking methodology allows objective measurement of these anomalies in visual attention. The aim is to determine whether measurements of gaze following and pupillary dilation in a linguistic interaction task, captured using eye-tracking methodology, are objective for early diagnosis of ASD. (2) Methods: 20 children between 17 and 24 months of age, made up of 10 neurotypical children and 10 children with ASD were paired together according to chronological age. A human face on a monitor pronounced pseudowords associated with pseudo-objects. Gaze following and pupil dilation was registered during the task. (3) Results: Significant statistical differences were found in the time of gaze fixation on the human face and on the object, as well as in the number of gazes. Also, there were significant differences in the maximum peak of pupil dilation, this being found in the neurotypical group at the moment of processing of the pseudoword, and in the ASD group in the baseline prior to the task (4) Conclusions: The registration and the duration of gaze, and the measurement of pupil dilation with ‘eye-tracker’ are objective measures for early detection of ASD.
DETECTION OF DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN HUMAN DIARRHEIC STOOL AND DRINKING WATER SAMPLES IN OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO.
Authors: Bonkoungou Isidore Juste Ouindgueta , Somda Namwin Siourimè , Traoré Oumar , Zoma Barthelemy Sibiri , Garba Zakaria , Drabo Koine Maxime , Barro Nicolas
Published: December 2020

Background: The presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in drinking water, is a grave public health problem. This study was aimed at characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water and faecal samples from diarrheic patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A total of 242 water samples consisting of 182 potable sachets and 60 from boreholes were collected in the period between October 2018 and April 2019 in the city of Ouagadougou. Faecal samples were also collected from 201 diarrheic patients visiting National Public Health Laboratory for a biological diagnosis by coproculture. The presence of virulence genes associated with DEC was determined by 16-plex polymerase chain reaction from bacteria culture. Results: From drinking water, we found 17% (42/242) Escherichia coli isolates in which 1% (2/242) DEC were detected. Among analyzed samples (182 sachet water versus 60 borehole water), the two DEC (01 ETEC and 01 EPEC) were detected in sachet water. DEC were detected in 20% (40/201) of patients. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) were mostly detected in 10% followed by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in 4%, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) in 2%, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 0.5%. However, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was not detected alone, but in co-infections with EAEC. Conclusion: The present study documented the prevalence of Escherichia coli pathovars associated in patients with diarrhea, and shows that drinking water might be a source of DEC transmission in human.
Analysis of corrosive properties of zinc-containing coatings based on dispersed waste hot zinc plating
Authors: Urbanovich N. I. , Baranovsky K. E. , Rozenberg E. V. , Bendik T. I. , Karpenkin A. A. , Ashuiko V. A. , Matys V. G. , Volosyuk V. F.
Published: December 2020

A comparative analysis of the corrosion properties of zinc-containing coatings obtained on the basis of metallic powder zinc and dispersed hot-dip galvanized waste has been carried out. The results of a study of the corrosion resistance of zinc-containing coatings by the electrochemical method and in a salt spray chamber have shown that coatings obtained on the basis of dispersed hot-dip galvanized waste are not inferior in protective properties to coatings based on powder standard zinc.
Analysis of the prospects of the application of the electroplastic effect in the processes of processing metals with pressure
Authors: Minko D. V.
Published: December 2020

The mechanical properties of metals change temporarily or permanently under the influence of a high density electric current in the deformation zone. This phenomenon is called electroplasticity, and its use makes it possible to intensify the process of pressure treatment of electrically conductive materials, including those that are difficult to machine using existing technologies. By now, there is no established point of view on the physical nature of the manifestation of electroplasticity, although this effect itself has already found practical application. The electrical plasticity of metals and their alloys was studied under various loading conditions, including tensile, compression, and bending tests. The article analyzes the theoretical mechanisms of the occurrence of electroplasticity described in scientific publications, the results of studies of the electroplastic properties of various metals or metal alloys, and recommendations for the practical application of the electroplastic effect.
Efficiency of using alternative sources of heat in electric melting of metal
Authors: Korneev S. V. , Trusova I. A.
Published: December 2020

The paper considers ways to assess the efficiency of using alternative sources of heat when melting alloys in electric arc furnaces. The focus is on increasing furnace productivity and reducing production costs. The analysis of the use of various systems for intensifying melting in arc furnaces and their main indicators is carried out. An assessment of the efficiency of fuel use in electric arc furnaces has been carried out. The expected economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources in electric furnaces has been calculated. It is shown that the economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources on electric arc furnaces depends significantly on the increase in furnace productivity.
El artesano afrocolombiano en el Caribe colombiano y su influencia en las festividades del Carnaval de Barranquilla
Authors: Navarro-Hoyos Silvana
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se realiza una indagación sobre los artesanos de origen africano asentados en el territorio caribe colombiano en la época colonial, específicamente entre 1770 y 1810. Se contextualiza el tema presentando en primera instancia algunos detalles sobre la sociedad de la época, describiendo las condiciones sociales e históricas de la artesanía como un modo de necesidad humana y sus dinámicas dentro de la vida cotidiana. Posteriormente, se resalta la importancia de los artesanos en el crecimiento económico y social del caribe colombiano y la forma en la que el desarrollo de un oficio artesanal brindó a los esclavos herramientas para obtener reconocimiento social e incluso lograr su libertad. Finalmente se presenta cómo el elemento africano produjo una marca sobresaliente que se observa fácilmente en las manifestaciones culturales más auténticas de la zona y en especial en el Carnaval de Barranquilla. Esta reflexión no pretende tener un enfoque histórico, sino aproximarse a una investigación etnográfica con una revisión bibliográfica de fuentes históricas que permitan dibujar la importancia del artesano afrocolombiano en la construcción de la identidad del caribe y la influencia de este factor africano en una de las fiestas más tradicionales de Colombia: el Carnaval de Barranquilla.
Diseño de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje soportado en los estilos de aprendizaje
Authors: Roa-Banquez Katherine , Martínez-Barrera Crisman
Published: December 2020

En el espacio académico de Algoritmos de Programación de segundo semestre del programa de Ingeniería en Informática en la modalidad a distancia de la Universidad Santo Tomás —Colombia—, se requirió establecer una estrategia para la enseñanza de las diferentes temáticas que se imparten en esta asignatura, dado que actualmente se presenta una alta reprobación en el país. Ante este panorama el objetivo del proyecto es diseñar una herramienta interactiva que permita identificar los estilos de aprendizaje del estudiante para fortalecer su proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en dicha asignatura. La investigación es de carácter cuantitativo, con un diseño cuasiexperimental, en la que se cuenta con dos grupos: grupo experimental y otro grupo control. La herramienta interactiva diseñada para Algoritmos de Programación en modalidad a distancia permitió identificar el estilo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes mediante el uso del test de Felder y Silverman, por lo tanto el desarrollo de la herramienta interactiva y los resultados que esta entrega, hacen posible que por cada estudiante y su estilo de aprendizaje, exista una ruta que lo guíe a las actividades, evaluaciones y estrategias pedagógicas para fortalecer así su aprendizaje en las temáticas propias del espacio académico. Esta investigación se desarrolló para disminuir la reprobación en este espacio académico, debido a que, para muchos estudiantes de los diferentes programas de ingeniería, se torna difícil por la gran cantidad de conceptos, términos, lógica de programación y reglas semánticas que se deben aplicar durante su curso.
WITHDRAWN: Development and validation in 500 female samples of a TP-PCR assay to identify AFF2 GCC expansions
Authors: Silva Cecília , Maia Nuno , Santos Flávia , Rodrigues Bárbara , Marques Isabel , Santos Rosário , Jorge Paula
Published: December 2020

The absence of FRAXE pathognomonic features hampers early recognition, delaying testing and molecular confirmation. Hence, our laboratory uses a multiplex PCR-based strategy to determine the allele size of both FRAXA and FRAXE in which around 20% of female samples are uninformative. The aim of this study is to develop a timely triplet-primed amplification (TP-PCR) screening strategy to size the AFF2 GCC repeat and accurately assess homozygosity in female samples. In order to achieve this, validation was performed in a cohort of 500 females with a previous uninformative FRAXE PCR result. Unlike the presence of AGG interspersion(s) in FRAXA triplet repeats, no interspersion was observed among the samples tested. Interestingly, the presence of a T>C SNP (rs868949662), contiguous to the GCC repetitive track, allows triplet primer binding in two additional GCCs, increasing the discrimination power of the TP-PCR assay in heterozygous and homozygous samples. Twelve alleles outside the normal range, eight intermediate and four premutated, were recognized, which seems relevant considering the rarity of the AFF2 expansions. Overall, this study confirmed the absence of interspersions in both normal and expanded FRAXE alleles, providing a strict, reproducible and low-cost homozygosity screening strategy. Furthermore, the occurrence of intermediate repeat sizes with unexpected frequency introduces new areas of clinical research in this cohort in understanding these less explored AFF2 repeat sizes and newly associated phenotypes.
WITHDRAWN: Assessment Parameters on Array Pulse Wave Analysis and Application in Hypertensive Disorders
Authors: Bi Zijuan , Yao Xinghua , Hu Xiaojuan , Yuan Pei , Guo Xiaojing , Guo Zhiling , Wang Sihan , Li Jun , Shi Yulin , Li Jiacai , Cui Ji , Xu Jiatuo
Published: December 2020

Background: At present, there is no effective analysis method for array pulse wave. But this is very important for promoting the development of pulse diagnosis. Hypertension is a common and easy-to-diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, which is the development foundation of other cardiovascular diseases. Our goal in the study is to establish analysis method for array pulse wave and preliminary application in hypertensive disorders.Methods: In this study, a sensor array can be used for real-time monitoring of pulse wave twelve channels. We calculated the average pulse wave (APW) of per channel within thirty seconds. The most representative pulse wave (MRPV) and the APW matched by correlation coefficient. Feature points of the MRPV were identified by manually. These feature points corresponding to the array pulse volume (APV) parameters were also identified by manually. Finally, clinical trial was executed to detect these feature performance indicators in hypertensive disorders.Results: The raoAPV h1 , raoAPV h3 , raoAPV h4 , raoAPV h3/h1 and raoAPV h4/h of hypertension group significantly increased compared with that of the healthy group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The zhongAPV h4 , zhongAPV h3/h1 , zhongAPV h4/h1 and meanAPV h3 , meanAPV h3/h1 , meanAPV h4/h1 were significantly increased in hypertension group compared with healthy group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The chiAPV h4/h1 of hypertension group was obviously elevated ( P <0.05). The results preliminarily validated novelty of APV on array pulse wave analysis. This indicator was effective in reflecting the hypertensive vascular function.Conclusion: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse is a combination of multi-dimensional information. Array sensor could be better reduction of TCM pulse characteristics. In the study, the analysis of array pulse wave was valid, and the APV was reliable to mirror TCM pulse characteristics. Keywords ： Pulse diagnosis; Traditional Chinese medicine; Sensor array; Array pulse volume; Healthy persons; Hypertension persons.
Assessment of Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Disorder Among Cardiology Physicians During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ozluk ozlem arican , Ekici Berkay , zoghi mehdi , yüce elif ilkay , ozmen caglar , Yenercag Mustafa , kanat bilgen , ergene oktay
Published: December 2020

Background: In this study, the anxiety levels and sleep qualities of cardiologists who continue to treat cardiac emergency patients in addition to their epidemic duties during the period when the COVID 19 pandemic was the most intense and the unknown was the most in our country. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 347 cardiologists throughout Turkey from April 17 to 20, 2020. The research was conducted by means of a confidential on-line survey. The research used the Turkish versions of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 7-item Insomnia Severity Index and 9 –item Patient Health Questionnaire.Results : Of the total number of respondents, n= 193 (55.6 %) were aged 31 to 40 years and n= 84 ( 24.2%) were women. 79% of the participants were working in tertiary care centers where cardiac patients and covid patients were admitted and treated more. A considerable proportion of participants reported symptoms of anxiety (54.2 %), insomnia (44.1%), and depression (%71.1). Women cardiologist reported more severe degrees of all measurements of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms than male cardiologists. Mean Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale scores among women vs male : 6.6 ± 3.5 vs 5.0 ± 4.3 ; p = 0.005 ; mean Insomnia Severity Index scores among women vs male doctors: 7.3±4.3 vs 6.9±4.6; P > 0.05; mean Impact of Event Scale–Revised scores among women vs male cardiologists : 8.0 ± 3.9 vs 6.8± 4.7; p = 0.02. Conclusions: In this survey, during this outbreak most of the cardiologists were found to be mentally challenged while continuing their profession. Especially the anxiety and depression symptoms of female doctor are higher than their male counterparts. The anxiety and stress disorder created by this pandemic may have serious consequences in the future, especially for physicians in intensive branches such as cardiology, who have to serve large patient groups in like low and middle-income countries. It should not be ignored that female doctors working in these branches are more sensitive to burnout syndrome.
Unravelling the Gut Microbiota of Cow’s Milk Allergic Infants, their Mothers and Grandmothers
Authors: Mera-Berriatua Leticia , Zubeldia-Varela Elisa , Martín-Antoniano Isabel Adoración , Maturana Evangelina López de , Rojo David , Bazire Raphaëlle , Cabrera-Freitag Paula , Barker-Tejeda Tomás Clive , Ubeda Carles , Barber Domingo , Francino María del Pilar , Ibáñez-Sandín María Dolores , Perez-Gordo Marina
Published: December 2020

Background: Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA) is one of the most prevalent food allergies (FA) among infants. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been related to the development of FA. The primary colonization of the gut microbiota occurs via maternal route. We hypothesized that a longitudinal influence in the composition of the gut microbiota, transmitted from mothers to offspring, could be directly related to CMA development. Methods: 148 faecal samples of 34 CMA and 16 control 0-8 month-old infants and their respective mothers and grandmothers were studied. Gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was performed using the DADA2 pipeline. Descriptive statistics of the epidemiological variables of the three generations were analysed. Statistical analyses were performed with R 3.4.0 software. Results : Mothers allergy status and smoking habits of mothers and grandmothers were associated to infant CMA. We found that adult gut microbiota is richer and more diverse than that of infants. Relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family was significantly different between infant groups, and between hydrolysate-fed and formula-fed infants. Finally, the Bray-Curtis distance between members of the same family was independent of the allergy status. Conclusions: Microbiota from allergic children do not differ from non-allergic at the onset of allergy. Moreover, microbiota inheritance was similar in healthy and allergic infants. Maternal smoking and allergy status were the most significant epidemiological risk factors associated with CMA. Finally, microbiota composition of infants was influenced by diet and allergy status; however, these were confounded variables.
Pyruvate Kinase Isoenzyme M2 Impairs Cognition in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Promoting Microglial Synaptic Pruning via β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lu Li , Wang Hailin , Liu Xuan , Tan Liping , Qiao Xiaoyue , Ni Jiali , Sun Yang , Liang Jun , Hou Yayi , Dou Huan
Published: December 2020

Background Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the severest complication of SLE, which often involves pathological damage to the brain and cognitive function. Glucose metabolic changes are observed in SLE patients with cognitive impairments by medical imaging. Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) is a vital catalyzer of glucose catabolic pathways and in neurological diseases. However, PKM2 regarding the progress of NPSLE remains poorly studied. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and compare the central carbon metabolites in the validated neuropsychiatric lupus model and control mice. Methods MRL/Mp-Faslpr (MRL/lpr) female mice were used as NPSLE mouse model, C57BL6 as control. Metabolomics to assess hippocampa glycolysis level. Glucose, lactic acid, IL-6 and IL-1β of hippocampal were detected by ELISA. The expression of PKM2 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting, and the localization of PKM2 in microglia and neurons was assessed with IBA-1, NeuN and PKM2 immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number and phenotype of microglia. In vitro, after transfected PKM2 overexpression plasmid on BV2, the effect on microglia and β-catenin signaling pathway were detected. Finally, PKM2 inhibitor Shikonin was injected into MRL/lpr mice, behavioral testing were performed to assess cognition, HE and FJB staining were used to evaluate brain damage.Results Glycolysis was elevated in the hippocampal tissues from MRL/lpr lupus mice, accompanied by an increase in glucose consumption and lactate production. Based on these metabolic variations, PKM2 activation was revealed in hippocampal microglia from lupus mice. Furthermore, PKM2 facilitated microglial phagocytic activity and engulfment of neurons via β-catenin signaling. In vivo, an inhibitor of PKM2, Shikonin, was shown to reduce microglial activation, loss of neuronal synapses, and block β-catenin signaling. Accordingly, the cognitive impairment and brain damage of MRL/lpr mice were relieved. Conclusion These results indicated that abnormal glycolytic metabolism in the brain tissue of NPSLE mice was induced by PKM2 overexpression, which increased the activation of microglia and the ability of phagocytizing neuronal synapses, leading to neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction in lupus. These phenomena indicated that inhibition on PKM2 would be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of lupus encephalopathy.
Co-Culture with Chorionic Villous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis via ABCA9-AKT Pathway
Authors: Chu Yijing , Zuo Jianxin , Zhang Yan , Gao Guoqiang , Hu Xiaoyu , Han Rendong , Liu Chong , Zhou Huansheng , Li Min , Peng Wei , Wang Yan
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIt is found that human chorionic villous mesenchymal stem cells (CV-MSCs) are a promising and effective treatment for tissue injury. Trophoblast dysfunction during pregnancies obviously entangles to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). This work was to make it clear how CV-MSCs regulated vascular endothelial cell function. MethodsIn this study, we treated HUVEC with CV-MSC CM and RNA-seq analysis was used to understand the changes in HUVEC. We examined the levels of ABCA9 and AKT signaling in HUVEC by immunohistochemistry, western blot and qRT-PCR assays. CCK-8, colony formation and tube formation assays were used to understand the role of ABCA9 in the growth and angiogenesis of HUVEC mediated by CV-MSCs. ResultsThe CV-MSCs treatment significantly strengthened enhanced the HUVEC angiogenesis and proliferation. Furthermore, a significant increase of ABCA9 expression and activation of the AKT pathway in CV-MSCs -treated HUVEC was observed. Consistent with these findings, ABCA9 overexpression exhibited the same effect of promoting HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis as induced by CV-MSC CM, also with the accompaniment of activation of AKT signaling. In addition, inhibition of ABCA9 inactivated the AKT signaling in HUVEC, and reduced the proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVEC. Importantly, the elevation of proliferation and angiogenesis induced by ABCA9 overexpression in HUVEC could be attenuated by ABCA9 overexpression. Conclusion﻿Our results suggest that ABCA9-dependent AKT signaling activation mediated by CV-MSCs could promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVECs.
A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Risk Factors, Treatment Outcomes and Imaging Parameters of Ventricular Collapse in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Serra Riccardo , Mahapatra Smruti , Huq Sakibul , Meggyesy Michael , Gorelick Noah Leviton , Manthripragada Lacie , Moghekar Abhay , Luciano Mark Gregory
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveVentricular collapse is a prevalent yet poorly understood complication of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (VPS) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). By identifying and describing the risk factors of ventricular collapse (VC), this study aims to characterize the clinical progression, etiopathogenesis and treatment of IIH and its complications. The relationships between ventricular size, symptoms and treatments were also assessed longitudinally with ventricular segmentation on MRI/CT imaging, and correlated with other risk factors of IIH and VC. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of 147 patients who underwent VPS for IIH at our Institution, and identified 73 shunt-naïve subjects included in the final analysis. Manual segmentation of CT/MRI scans was performed longitudinally at each clinical stage (baseline, post-shunting, post-collapse and after each intervention). Variables collected included valve type and opening-pressure, shunt revisions, use of anti-siphoning devices (ASD), comorbidities, venous sinus hypoplasia/stenosis and stenting, and general demographics. Linear univariate regression models were used to determine the association between individual risk factors and VC, and to quantitatively assess the effect of treatment. Two multivariate models were also tested, including Pre-Shunting and Post-Shunting variables, to quantify their association with VC. ResultsOf 73 IIH patients with new shunts, 32 experienced collapse (uni- or bilateral, 26.5% of the total). In shunt-naïve patients, collapse was associated with pre-shunting (rho=-0.36; p=0.001) and post-shunting ventricular size (rho=0.62; p=0.0002). Both collapse and ventricular area were correlated with shunt-related symptoms at 6 months (rho=-0.29; p=0.01). Shunt adjustment, addition of ASDs, and valve replacement proved to be the most effective strategies to re-expand the ventricles and reduce symptoms. Nonetheless, a significant fraction of patients remained symptomatic after multiple treatments, suggesting a complex and multifactorial etiology for VC. On univariate analysis, catheter revisions were more common in the VC group, while the multivariate model with Post-Shunting risk factors proved to be significantly associated with VC. ConclusionsIn newly VP-shunted IIH patients, small ventricular size predisposed to collapse and headaches, while higher valve OPs and ASDs may reduce the risk of collapse and promote symptomatic improvement. Within the restraints of a retrospective analysis, this study is the first to analyze the risk factors of VC in IIH patients, longitudinally integrating the clinical progression with ventricular imaging. Further prospective studies are warranted to better understand the etiopathogenesis and clinical progression of collapse.