bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Acquisition Tree Height and Areal Parameters of Mangrove Vegetation Using UAV
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Taufiq , Wicaksono Ashari , Aries Siswanto Dwi
Published: January 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used to assess the biophysical parameters of mangroves (particularly tree height and area). UAVs can produce high-resolution imagery, in this study UAV imagery was used to calculate tree height distribution and mangrove area. UAV imagery was taken using a commercial UAV with a planned flight path. The obtained UAV images are then compiled based on coordinate information and z-elevation values, and then 3D modelling is created from the point cloud. The 3D model will be detailed by a dense point cloud. The surface area and texture are obtained from the 3D mesh. Finally, a high-resolution DSM can be generated. DSM is the elevation of the overall surface including vegetation, buildings, and others, while DTM is the elevation data of the ground surface, so the next process is to separate bare ground and above-ground objects. Tree height is obtained from the intersection of DSM and DTM elevation data. The area of mangrove vegetation was obtained using the on-screen digitisation method. Based on the results of the analysis conducted by comparing tree height data from UAV images and in-situ measurement tree height data has a difference with a range of 0.24 m to 0.94 m, with an average of 0.49m. This remote sensing survey research using commercial UAVs can be concluded as one of the solutions to acquire the parameters of tree area and height distribution with good accuracy.
Comparison between top and bottom of atmosphere Sentinel-2 image for mangrove mapping in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan
Authors: Ginting D.N.B. , Setiawan K.T. , Anggraini N. , Suardana A.P. , Nandika M.R. , Ulfa A. , Aziz K. , Dewanti R.
Published: January 2024

Sentinel-2 is high-resolution multispectral imagery that launched by the European Space Agency on June 23, 2015 for Sentinel-2A and March 7, 2017 for Sentinel-2B. The two satellites were launched with the aim of land monitoring studies, including vegetation, soil, and water cover, as well as the observation of inland waterways and coastal areas. In 2018, Sentinel-2 produced bottom-of-atmosphere (L2A) imagery derived from top-of-atmosphere (L1C), which has been atmospherically corrected using Sen2Cor algorithm. However, there is an overcorrection effect due to inaccuracies of digital elevation model, over-detection of clouds over bright targets, and miss-classification of topographic shadows. This research aims to explore the application of Sentinel-2 imagery for mangrove mapping by comparing two levels of data, including L1C and L2A. L2A is divided into two, namely L2A atmospherically corrected using the Sen2Cor method (L2A_Sen2Cor) and dark object subtraction method (L2A_DOS). The classification scheme was built based on in-situ data containing seven objects: water, clouds, built-up, cloud shadows, bare land, mangroves, and land vegetation using random forest classification. The comparison of each level of data is analyzed based on the spectral signature and accuracy assessment using confusion matrix. The result shows that there are differences in the spectral signature between L1C and L2A data because of atmospheric impacts. L2A outperforms L1C, as shown by the higher coefficient of determination (R2). The accuracy is in the range of 93.7 – 95.4%, with the best accuracy shown by L2A_Sen2Cor.
Smart Integrated Housing Complex (SIMPLEX) Based On Carbon Capture and Engineering Wood Products to Achieve Net Zero Emission Building
Authors: Sutrisno Farhan Fadlurrahman , Nugraha Muhammad Faiz , Putra Jaya Raga Wian , Rochman Juan Pandu Gya Nur
Published: January 2024

In an effort to support the achievement of SGD, especially pillar No.13 (Climate Change), the existence of a technological model that enables to reduce negative impact of carbon emissions is one of the prerequisites for supporting the sustainability of life on Earth. To answer these challenges, this paper aims to introduce the idea of carbon capture technology in residential called SIMPLEX (Smart Integrated Housing Complex). This idea aims to introduce the use of engineering wood products as one of the innovative solutions to combat the adverse effects of carbon emissions. SIMPLEX is arranged in a housing complex inside there are Transparent Wood, Transparent Nano paper, Wind Turbines, Structural Applications, Water Treatment, and Energy Storage Devices. In the end, consideration of the negative impacts of SIMPLEX and the need for regulations supporting the implementation of SIMPLEX at the public level is conveyed. The SIMPLEX idea will also initiate the achievement of zero carbon emission building in Indonesia. In contrast to efforts to reduce carbon emissions by using alternative energy approaches and mobilizing the use of electric cars, efforts to reduce carbon emissions through a residential management approach based on carbon capture technology is a breakthrough that overlooked by Indonesian policymakers.
Village plan for disaster mitigation (case study: Reconstruction of Gampong Pande post-earthquake and tsunami disaster)
Authors: Setyawan Wahyu , Setijanti Purwanita , Hayati Arina
Published: January 2024

Gampong Pande on the north coast of Banda Aceh city which was destroyed after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami has been reconstructed with the assistance of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) with a comprehensive approach. One of the important steps taken for future disaster mitigation is to develop a village plan. The village plan was prepared with the aim of rebuilding the village and its inhabitants with a “build back better” approach. The community participation approach is carried out while respecting local culture but trying to introduce ecological aspects as part of disaster mitigation as well as economic resources. Village plans are also prepared based on efforts to minimize changes the existing land ownership patterns to avoid social conflicts, so that massive and careful social and land ownership data collection is carried out. To increase safety efforts during the earthquake and tsunami disaster, proper access is made for all land and houses to the ideal evacuation route. In addition to rebuilding houses to standards that are in accordance with the building code, the village plan is also presenting the development of better environmental infrastructure and facilities as part of efforts to rebuild community livelihoods after the disaster. Environmental quality improvement is also carried out by utilizing local coastal plants for ecological disaster as well as for community economic improvement.
Comparative Numerical Study of Conventional and Hydraulic Wells Turbine for Ocean-Wave Energy Conversion
Authors: Gunawan Zharfan Ghafara , Sutardi
Published: January 2024

The Wells turbine is an ocean wave energy converter that has been implemented in several countries around the world. The hysteresis phenomenon, which causes a torque reduction when the rotor acquires air flow acceleration, is one of the Wells turbine's drawbacks. One enhancement strategy is converting the conventional Wells turbine, which operates in air, into a hydraulic Wells turbine, which operates in ocean water. This method aims to obtain a higher density of working fluid, which can increase the momentum acting on the Wells turbine blades. This research compared the performance and hysteresis phenomenon of conventional and hydraulic Wells turbines. A CFD method based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and k-ω SST turbulence model is used in this study. Under transient conditions, 3D modeling with periodic boundaries is applied to model the hysteresis phenomenon. This study demonstrated that the hydraulic Wells turbine outperforms the conventional Wells turbine. According to the simulation result, the hydraulic turbine achieves a significant improvement in maximum torque, approximately 124% of the conventional air turbine torque. The concept of immersing the Wells turbine in ocean water improves its efficiency as well. Furthermore, unlike the conventional one, the hydraulic Wells turbine does not exhibit hysteresis.
From prediction to measurement, an efficient method for digital human model obtainment
Authors: Wang Moyu , Yang Qingping
Published: January 2024

Digital human has been increasingly used in industry, for example in Metaverse which has been a popular topic in recent years. The existing method of obtaining digital human models are either expensive or lack of accuracy. In this paper, we discuss a novel method to reconstruct a 3D human model from 2D images captured by a monocular camera. The input of our method only requires a set of rotated human body images that can accept slight movement. First, we apply a deep learning method to predict an initial 3D human body model from multi-view human body images. Then the total detailed digital human model will be computed and optimized. The typical method requires the human body and cameras fixed to obtain a visual hull from a significant number of camera images. This could be extremely expensive and inconvenient when such an application is developed for online users. Compared to the structural lighting measurement system, our predict-optimized framework only requires several input images captured by personal equipment to provide enough accuracy and online use resolution results.
Subjective Smell Disturbances in Children with Sars-Cov-2 or Other
Viral Infections do not Correspond with Olfactory Test Results
Authors: Grote Hanna , Hoffmann Anna , Kerzel Sebastian , Lukasik Hannah , Maier Christoph , Mallon Claire , Schlegtendal Anne , Schwarzbach Michaela , van Ackeren Konstantin , Volkenstein Stefan , Brinkmann Folke
Published: January 2024

Background Olfactory dysfunction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in
children has not been verified by a validated olfactory test. We aimed to
determine whether these complaints are objectifiable (test-based hyposmia), how
often they occur during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to other upper
respiratory tract infections (URTI), as well as in children recovered from
COVID-19 compared to children with long COVID.

Methods Olfactory testing (U-sniff test; hyposmia<8 points) and
survey-based symptom assessments were performed in 434 children (5–17
years; 04/2021–06/2022). 186 symptom-free children
served as controls. Of the children with symptoms of acute respiratory tract
infection, SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results were positive in 45 and negative in 107
children (URTI group). Additionally, 96 children were recruited at least 4 weeks
(17.6±15.2 weeks) after COVID-19, of whom 66 had recovered and 30 had
developed long COVID.

Results Compared to controls (2.7%), hyposmia frequency was
increased in all other groups (11–17%, p<0.05), but no
between-group differences were observed. Only 3/41 children with
hyposmia reported complaints, whereas 13/16 children with complaints
were normosmic, with the largest proportion being in the long-COVID group
(23%, p<0.05).

Conclusion Questionnaires are unsuitable for assessing hyposmia frequency
in children. Olfactory complaints and hyposmia are not specific for SARS-CoV-2
infection. The number of complaints in the long-COVID group could result from
aversive olfactory perception, which is undetectable with the U-sniff test.
Akzeptanz digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen bei Osteoporose – eine
Patientenbefragung
Authors: Kabus Sara , Mollenhauer Judith , Kurscheid Clarissa , Maus Uwe , Niedhart Christopher
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund Im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung des
Disease-Management-Programms (DMP) Osteoporose und die digitale Transformation
des Gesundheitswesens wurde untersucht, inwieweit Osteoporose-Patient:innen im
Alltag digitale Hilfsmittel nutzen und wie hoch die Bereitschaft zur Nutzung
einer digitalen Gesundheitsanwendung (DiGA) bei Osteoporose ist.

Methode Im Zeitraum von Juni 2021 bis Februar 2022 wurde eine
Paper-Pencil-Fragebogenbefragung mit an Osteoporose erkrankten
Selbsthilfegruppe-Mitgliedern über den Bundesselbsthilfeverband für Osteoporose
e.V. durchgeführt. Es wurden 13.700 Fragebögen über die Mitgliederzeitschrift
„Osteoporose“ versendet. Die Rücklaufquote betrug 9,1% (1.248 Fragebögen). 1.241
Fragebögen sind in die Auswertung eingeflossen.

Ergebnis 93,9% (n=1.156) der Befragten sind zwischen 60 und 89 Jahren alt,
die Gruppe der 70-79-Jährigen war mit 42,2% (n=519) die größte Altersgruppe.
64,8% (n=776) der Befragten gaben an, ein Smartphone zu besitzen. Davon nutzten
83,5% (n=628) es täglich vor allem zum Telefonieren sowie Surfen im Internet.
57,1% der Befragten können sich vorstellen, eine Osteoporose-App zu nutzen, die
vor allem über Osteoporose informieren (91%), Daten messen (74%) sowie
Motivationsbotschaften senden soll (68%).

Schlussfolgerung Es scheint eine generelle Bereitschaft zur Nutzung
digitaler Anwendungen bei der älteren Klientel zu bestehen, auch bezüglich eines
Gesundheitsmonitorings. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die bereits vorhandene
Nutzungsbereitschaft weiter steigen wird, da Folgegenerationen Digital Natives
sein werden. Digitale Angebote könnten über Selbsthilfemöglichkeiten informieren
und Daten messen. Mehr als 1/3 der Antwortenden gab an, eine DiGA zur
Mitbehandlung der Osteoporose nutzen zu wollen. Mit Blick auf das DMP
Osteoporose können DiGAs als unterstützende Therapiebegleitung eingesetzt
werden.
Ultrasound-Navigated Multiple Hippocampal Transections: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Sroubek Jan , Kramska Lenka , Cesak Tomas , Amlerova Jana , Keller Jiri , Vojtech Zdenek
Published: January 2024

Background Multiple hippocampal transection (MHT) is a surgical technique used for the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in situations where standard procedures would pose a high risk for memory deterioration. During MHT, the longitudinal fibers of the hippocampus, implicated in epilepsy spreading, are interrupted, while the transverse memory circuits are spared. The extent of MHT is governed by intraoperative electrocorticography; abolition of epileptic discharges serves as an end point to terminate the transection. In other words, the aim of MHT is not the anatomical completeness of hippocampal transection. In contrast, we hypothesize that only the complete transection of hippocampal cross-section is needed to durably terminate epilepsy, avoiding possible postoperative reorganization of longitudinal pathways. Here, we report an anatomical study designed to evaluate the feasibility of complete transection of hippocampus with the aid of ultrasound neuronavigation and we propose new instruments to reach this goal.

Methods Five cadaveric brains were analyzed in this study. MHT was performed on both sides of each brain either with or without ultrasound neuronavigation. The percentage of transected cross-section of the hippocampus was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and both sides were compared.

Results The ultrasound-guided MHTs were more likely to achieve complete hippocampal transection compared with the nonnavigated MHT transection (73 vs 58%; p < 0.01). Our study also allowed us to propose specialized transectors to minimize invasivity of this procedure.

Conclusion Completeness of MHT can be better reached with the aid of an ultrasound neuronavigation system; modified instruments for this procedure were also designed.
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Contracture in a Dog with Gastrocnemius Tendon Avulsion
Authors: da Costa Laura Marques , Marshall William G.
Published: January 2024

Avulsion of the gastrocnemius component of the Achilles tendon is a well-documented condition in dogs. The most common treatment is to restore tendon function with surgical reattachment to the tuber calcanei. However, repair can fail. Pantarsal arthrodesis cannot only salvage a failed repair but is also a first-line treatment that may have a more predictable outcome. We describe a case of contracture of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in the hindlimb of a dog with avulsion of the gastrocnemius component of the Achilles tendon, treated previously by pantarsal arthrodesis. Digital flexion and lameness persisted despite non-surgical treatment, and tenotomy of the SDFT was performed at the level of distal calcaneus to allow digit extension. The dog was re-examined 2 weeks and more than 2 years after surgery. No complications occurred, and the dog maintained an excellent long-term improvement in limb function.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction of Contrast Medium Doses for Computed Tomography Angiography Using Optimized Clinical Parameter Sets
Authors: Fleitmann Marja , Uzunova Hristina , Pallenberg René , Stroth Andreas M. , Gerlach Jan , Fürschke Alexander , Barkhausen Jörg , Bischof Arpad , Handels Heinz
Published: January 2024

Objectives In this paper, an artificial intelligence-based algorithm for predicting the optimal contrast medium dose for computed tomography (CT) angiography of the aorta is presented and evaluated in a clinical study. The prediction of the contrast dose reduction is modelled as a classification problem using the image contrast as the main feature.

Methods This classification is performed by random decision forests (RDF) and k-nearest-neighbor methods (KNN). For the selection of optimal parameter subsets all possible combinations of the 22 clinical parameters (age, blood pressure, etc.) are considered using the classification accuracy and precision of the KNN classifier and RDF as quality criteria. Subsequently, the results of the evaluation were optimized by means of feature transformation using regression neural networks (RNN). These were used for a direct classification based on regressed Hounsfield units as well as preprocessing for a subsequent KNN classification.

Results For feature selection, an RDF model achieved the highest accuracy of 84.42% and a KNN model achieved the best precision of 86.21%. The most important parameters include age, height, and hemoglobin. The feature transformation using an RNN considerably exceeded these values with an accuracy of 90.00% and a precision of 97.62% using all 22 parameters as input. However, also the feasibility of the parameter sets in routine clinical practice has to be considered, because some of the 22 parameters are not measured in routine clinical practice and additional measurement time of 15 to 20 minutes per patient is needed. Using the standard feature set available in clinical routine the best accuracy of 86.67% and precision of 93.18% was achieved by the RNN.

Conclusion We developed a reliable hybrid system that helps radiologists determine the optimal contrast dose for CT angiography based on patient-specific parameters.
Technical NEMA NU2–2018 Performance Assessment of Time-of-Flight-Integrated Digital PET-CT System
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Agarwal Krishan Kant , Vishwakarma Manish , Patel Hemant
Published: January 2024

Aim The objective of this study includes the NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturer Association) NU2–2018 performance evaluation of the uMIvista PET-CT (positron emission tomography-computed tomography) system.

Methods The latest NEMA NU2–2018 guidelines have been followed for the evaluation of performance parameters of this PET-CT scanner: axial, tangential, and radial spatial resolution, sensitivity, counting losses, scatter, randomness, random and counting loss correction, image quality, time and energy resolution, image uniformity, and image registration alignment post installation of country first uMIvista PET-CT.

Results The measured NEMA sensitivity of the uMIvista PET scanner was 12.053 cps/kBq. The spatial resolutions of the PET were measured as tangential, radial, and transaxial spatial resolutions at 10 mm, with 3.01 mm, 2.95 mm, and 2.93 mm, respectively; at 100 mm, with 3.17 mm, 3.42 mm, and 3.05 mm, respectively; and at 200 mm, with 3.65 mm, 4.54 mm, and 3.17 mm, respectively, at full-width half-maximum (FWHM); while at full-width tenths-maximum (FWTM), the values at 10 mm were 5.79 mm, 5.57 mm, and 5.69 mm, respectively, and at 100 mm were 5.59 mm, 5.96 mm, and 5.91 mm, respectively. The measured time-of-flight (TOF) timing resolution was 302.294 ps and the measured energy resolution was 11.76% with FWHM and FWTM.

Conclusion The NEMA NU2–2018 performances of this TOF-integrated digital PET-CT system are extremely good in all parameters.
Effectiveness of Warm Water Foot Submerged Technique on the Level of Fatigue, Quality of Sleep, and Quality of Life among Patients with Cancer in Selected Hospital at Mangaluru
Authors: Vijayalaxmi Vijayalaxmi , Ullas Anju
Published: January 2024

Introduction Cancer is the most leading cause of death globally. Fatigue and poor quality of sleep are the common side effects of cancer treatment that lead to poor quality of life. There is a need of complementary therapy, which can help to minimize the side effects of cancer treatment and boosting relaxation. Warm water foot submerged technique helps to relieve fatigue and improve the quality of sleep; hence, quality of life can be improved. This study was conducted to assess effectiveness of warm water foot submerged technique on the level of fatigue, quality of sleep, and quality of life among patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods A quasi-experimental pretest and post-test control group research design was adopted to conduct the study in oncology ward of selected hospital. Sixty-eight participants were recruited using a nonprobability purposive sampling technique and allocated to intervention and control groups. Data was collected using multidimensional fatigue inventory, Groningen sleep quality scale, EORTC QLQ-C30. The control group received normal routine care and the intervention group received warm water foot submerged technique that was given for 15 minutes two times per day for 5 consecutive days.

Results Warm water foot submerged technique showed a significant difference in level of fatigue (p < 0.05), quality of sleep (p < 0.001), and quality of life (p < 0.001) in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in control group.

Conclusion This study showed that the warm water foot submerged technique is effective in reducing the fatigue and improving the quality of sleep and quality of life among patients with cancer. Thus, this study was found to be effective.
Correlation of Stature with Incisoapical Length of Anterior Teeth Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Shinde Aditi , Reddy Mamatha GS , Gawali Rohan
Published: January 2024

Background Estimating stature is essential for the purpose of identifying human remains after death. It is common for the extremities or the head to be amputated from the trunk when the body has been severely disfigured. Odontometry's association with stature determination in forensic odontology required an estimate to be established.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate and correlate stature (height) of the individual with the incisoapical length of the tooth

Material and Method The study was conducted on 106 participants, in which 53 were female and 53 male cases aged between 21 and 45 years. The study parameters included incisoapical length of maxillary and mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor and canine of both sides measured using cone-beam computed tomography, and height of an individual recorded using stadiometer. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to study the correlation.

Results It is observed that the cervicoapical measurement of teeth does not show statistically significant correlation with the stature of the individual with the exception for tooth 22 (r = − 31, p = 0.02), 41(r = − 0.28, p = 0.04), and 42 (r = − 0.30, p = 0.02) among females and tooth 31 (r = − 0.35, p = 0.009) among males.

Conclusion A very small number of research on an individual's stature in relation to incisoapical length has been identified in the literature. The majority of an individual's anterior teeth's height was not significantly correlated with height.
Multiple Primary Malignancies and Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Confusing the Management of Each Other
Authors: Mandepanda Sahana S. , Aroor Rajeshwary , Shetty Vijeth , Saldanha Marina
Published: January 2024

Double primary malignancy though uncommon, we often encounter in our clinical practice. The lung malignancy is known to cause left vocal cord paralysis. Bilateral abductor paralysis secondary to adenocarcinoma of the lung with concurrent basal cell carcinoma of the face is not common. Proper counseling and timely management are needed in these cases of multiple primary malignancies. Early evaluation in all cases of hoarseness can help in early diagnosis and management.
Exploring French language and culture instruction at an Algerian university: insights from L1 students’ perspectives
Authors: Benabbes Souad , Abu Taleb Hala AbdulHaleem
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, it is imperative to comprehend the relationship between intercultural communication and international representations of cultures and nations. This study focuses on exploring the representations that Junior Algerian students hold concerning the French language as well as culture, in order to apprehend students’ attitudes towards the language in question, identify pre-existing stereotypes, and eventually promote a more competent understanding of the culture associated with the language. Through surveys’ responses by 130 juniors at the University of Oum El Bouaghi who have undergone a year of training in French Civilization, researchers attempt to comprehend the impact of the programs followed on the potential reconfiguration of these representations and to identify the relationship of these future educators with the French language. The researchers adopt a descriptive-analytic approach to evaluate the effects of this on students’ conceptions and associated images, concerning the French culture as a whole. The responses exhibited less positive associations with France compared to the French language itself, revealing a positive shift in stereotypical images of French culture among university students. Adopting an intercultural dimension to investigate this underscores the need to prepare learners culturally as well as linguistically in order to effectively interact with different cultures.
Understanding energy turbine start-up
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: January 2024

Numerical simulations provide insights into self-starting problems with Darrieus rotors.
Understanding the mechanics of circadian rhythms
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: January 2024

Bifurcation theory helps researchers understand how mechanics and biochemistry work together to create circadian rhythms.
Using AI and molecular dynamic simulations to predict and modify enzyme function
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: January 2024

Expanding the range of enzyme use through selective mutations.
Enhancing reflected light filtration of photoelectronic detection system using polarization gating in scattering media
Authors: Ji Quanyu , Chen Yeshen , Xu Weiliang , Zou Zhibin , Fan Haihua , Chen Zefeng , Tao Li , Li Xinming
Published: January 2024

Photoelectronic technology has found extensive application due to its non-invasiveness, compact structure, and low cost. However, in semi-transparent media, the detection system based on reflection structure indiscriminately receives reflection light from different depths, resulting in the masking of target signals and a decrease in signal quality. To address this issue, selecting reflected light at different depths through polarization gates is an effective way. In this study, we analyzed a polarization gate-semi-infinite medium scattering model and investigated the impact of various factors on the reflected light filtering capability of the polarization gate, through Monte Carlo simulations and polystyrene microsphere scattering experiments. We found that the polarization gate can achieve a more effective control effect on the high polarization area on the reflective surface. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoplethysmography sensor with an orthogonally polarized gate was improved from 0.72 to 2.36 dB. In other words, the polarization gate offers new insights into signal optimization through a structural design, which facilitates the development of wearable, low-power, and robust physiological signal measurement systems in the future.
Cavity flow characteristics of a curved hull section impacting a free surface with inclined postures
Authors: Xie Hang , Jiang Kun , Liu Fang , Dai Xianglin , Shi Peng
Published: January 2024

The water entry of structures is a complex gas–liquid flow. This paper studies the asymmetrical flow characteristics of a curved hull section entering water through numerical and experimental methods. The free-falling test from drop heights of 250–900 mm and inclination angles from 0° to 20° is carried out. Compared to a smooth hull section (cutting the bottom appendage), the experimental results observe some special asymmetrical flow phenomena (i.e., flow separation, jet impact, bubble flows, and bubble expansion). The physical mechanisms behind these flows are explained through combing the free surface flow and pressure distribution obtained by the numerical method. The effects of the inclination angle and impact velocities on these flow phenomena are further discussed, and they increase the degree of flow separation, bubble volume, and fragmentation. The load characteristics before and after cavity formation are analyzed based on a volume-of-fluid method. The high pressure caused by bubble closure can produce an instantaneous impulse pressure that even be 34% larger than the conventional impact pressure and is worth noting. This study clarifies some complex asymmetrical impact flow characteristics of curved hull sections and thus reveals the evolution mechanism of gas–liquid flows for complex geometries during oblique water entry.
Growth, catalysis, and faceting of α-Ga2O3 and α-(InxGa1−x)2O3 on m-plane α-Al2O3 by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Williams Martin S. , Alonso-Orts Manuel , Schowalter Marco , Karg Alexander , Raghuvansy Sushma , McCandless Jon P. , Jena Debdeep , Rosenauer Andreas , Eickhoff Martin , Vogt Patrick
Published: January 2024

The growth of α-Ga2O3 and α-(InxGa1−x)2O3 on m-plane α-Al2O3(101̄0) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-oxide-catalyzed epitaxy (MOCATAXY) is investigated. By systematically exploring the parameter space accessed by MBE and MOCATAXY, phase-pure α-Ga2O3(101̄0) and α-(InxGa1−x)2O3(101̄0) thin films are realized. The presence of In on the α-Ga2O3 growth surface remarkably expands its growth window far into the metal-rich flux regime and to higher growth temperatures. With increasing O-to-Ga flux ratio (RO), In incorporates into α-(InxGa1−x)2O3 up to x ≤ 0.08. Upon a critical thickness, β-(InxGa1−x)2O3 nucleates and, subsequently, heteroepitaxially grows on top of α-(InxGa1−x)2O3 facets. Metal-rich MOCATAXY growth conditions, where α-Ga2O3 would not conventionally stabilize, lead to single-crystalline α-Ga2O3 with negligible In incorporation and improved surface morphology. Higher TTC further results in single-crystalline α-Ga2O3 with well-defined terraces and step edges at their surfaces. For RO ≤ 0.53, In acts as a surfactant on the α-Ga2O3 growth surface by favoring step edges, while for RO ≥ 0.8, In incorporates and leads to a-plane α-(InxGa1−x)2O3 faceting and the subsequent (2̄01) β-(InxGa1−x)2O3 growth on top. Thin film analysis by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals highly crystalline α-Ga2O3 layers and interfaces. We provide a phase diagram to guide the MBE and MOCATAXY growth of single-crystalline α-Ga2O3 on α-Al2O3(101̄0).
Permanent-magnet-based transverse thermoelectric generator with high fill factor driven by anomalous Nernst effect
Authors: Ando Fuyuki , Hirai Takamasa , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: January 2024

A transverse thermoelectric generator for magnetic-field-free and high-density power generation utilizing the anomalous Nernst effect is constructed and its performance is characterized. By alternately stacking two different permanent magnets with the large coercivity and anomalous Nernst coefficients of opposite sign, transverse thermoelectric voltage and power can be generated in the absence of external magnetic fields and enhanced owing to a thermopile structure without useless electrode layers. In the permanent-magnet-based stack, the magnetic attractive force enables easy construction of the thermopile structure with a high fill factor. In this study, we construct a bulk module consisting of 12 pairs of SmCo5- and Nd2Fe14B-type permanent magnets having positive and negative anomalous Nernst coefficients, respectively, whose fill factor reaches ∼80%, whereas that of conventional thermoelectric modules based on the Seebeck effect is typically 30%–60%. We demonstrate magnetic-field-free anomalous Nernst power generation up to 177 µW at a temperature difference of 75 K around room temperature, which corresponds to the largest anomalous Nernst power density of 65 µW/cm2. The presented module structure concept will provide a design guideline for high-performance transverse thermoelectric power generation.
A fully automated deep learning approach for coronary artery segmentation and comprehensive characterization
Authors: Nannini Guido , Saitta Simone , Baggiano Andrea , Maragna Riccardo , Mushtaq Saima , Pontone Gianluca , Redaelli Alberto
Published: January 2024

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) allows detailed assessment of early markers associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), such as coronary artery calcium (CAC) and tortuosity (CorT). However, their analysis can be time-demanding and biased. We present a fully automated pipeline that performs (i) coronary artery segmentation and (ii) CAC and CorT objective analysis. Our method exploits supervised learning for the segmentation of the lumen, and then, CAC and CorT are automatically quantified. 281 manually annotated CCTA images were used to train a two-stage U-Net-based architecture. The first stage employed a 2.5D U-Net trained on axial, coronal, and sagittal slices for preliminary segmentation, while the second stage utilized a multichannel 3D U-Net for refinement. Then, a geometric post-processing was implemented: vessel centerlines were extracted, and tortuosity score was quantified as the count of branches with three or more bends with change in direction forming an angle >45°. CAC scoring relied on image attenuation. CAC was detected by setting a patient specific threshold, then a region growing algorithm was applied for refinement. The application of the complete pipeline required <5 min per patient. The model trained for coronary segmentation yielded a Dice score of 0.896 and a mean surface distance of 1.027 mm compared to the reference ground truth. Tracts that presented stenosis were correctly segmented. The vessel tortuosity significantly increased locally, moving from proximal, to distal regions (p < 0.001). Calcium volume score exhibited an opposite trend (p < 0.001), with larger plaques in the proximal regions. Volume score was lower in patients with a higher tortuosity score (p < 0.001). Our results suggest a linked negative correlation between tortuosity and calcific plaque formation. We implemented a fast and objective tool, suitable for population studies, that can help clinician in the quantification of CAC and various coronary morphological parameters, which is helpful for CAD risk assessment.
Numerical study on the influence of fluid properties in constant-voltage electrohydrodynamic pulsating jets
Authors: Lu Yaohui , Zhong Songyi , Chong Kai Leong , Yang Yang , Yue Tao , Zhang Quan , Li Long
Published: January 2024

The pulsating jet is a common working mode in electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP), and this process is highly influenced by operating parameters and material properties. In this paper, we investigated the behavior of pulsating jets in liquids with varying physical properties through numerical simulations. We established an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) solver and employed a charge flux restriction step to ensure a realistic distribution of free charges. Our simulations revealed three different ejection regimes: an oscillating cone (OC), a choked jet (CJ), and a stable cone–jet (SJ). We found that the ejection regime is primarily determined by three dimensionless numbers related to liquid properties: the Ohnesorge number, Q0εr/Q, and Q0/(QRe). Based on these dimensionless numbers, we analyzed the influence of liquid properties on pulsating jets in OC and CJ. In OC, the jet's breakage is mainly attributed to the significant oscillation of the Taylor cone, a phenomenon primarily influenced by viscosity and conductivity. In CJ, the emission of the jet is terminated due to the excessive resistant force in the cone–jet transition region. For liquids with low to medium viscosity, the dominant resistant force is either the polarization force or the viscous force depending on whether εrRe is larger or smaller than 1, respectively. In the cases of high viscosity liquids, the viscous force always plays a major role as the primary resistance. These findings provide deeper insight into the physical mechanisms of pulsating jets.
Topological elastic interface states in hyperuniform pillared metabeams
Authors: Cai Runcheng , Pennec Yan , Carpentier Laurent , Jin Yabin , Rabczuk Timon , Zhuang Xiaoying , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram
Published: January 2024

Topological states have been receiving a great deal of interest in various wave problems, such as photonic, acoustic, and elastic waves. However, few studies of topological elastic waves in non-periodic systems have been reported. Recently, hyperuniform systems suppressing long-range order while partly maintaining short-range order have provided new opportunities to control waves. In this work, we study the elastic topological interface states appearing between two Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH)-like pillared metabeams where each metabeam, is constituted by a mirror symmetric hyperuniform structure. The SSH-like model is constructed by combining two hyperuniform metabeams with inverted configurations. We demonstrate that this structure could open new bandgaps at low frequencies, of which some are nontrivial and can support topological interface modes. We further show that the number of low-frequency bandgaps supporting the topological modes increases with the level of randomness, hence providing a high number of interface modes in the same structure. The robustness of the topological interface states against random perturbations in the pillars’ positions is further verified. Our work offers a reliable platform for studying topological properties and hyperuniform metamaterials and designing wave control devices for low-frequency wave attenuation and robust energy localization.
Deep learning-based multiple particle tracking in complex system
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Wei Jianjun , Sang Sheng
Published: January 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach for multiple particle tracking within complex systems, utilizing convolutional neural networks in conjunction with multi-output models. Accurate particle tracking is a critical prerequisite for unraveling the dynamic behaviors of particles in a myriad of research domains, encompassing colloidal particles, biological cells, and molecular dynamics. Different from conventional methodologies, our approach combines data preprocessing, multilayer perceptron model training, and multi-output model integration to yield precise and efficient particle tracking results. The significance of this research lies in the adaptability and versatility of the trained models, which are designed to surmount challenges, including crowded and noisy environments. This work represents a substantial step forward in particle tracking methodologies, providing a robust and efficient alternative to conventional methods, promising more profound investigations into particle dynamics within complex systems, and contributing to a deeper understanding of the microscale world.
A unified generalized family of distributions: Properties, inference, and real-life applications
Authors: Ahmad Mashhood , Jabeen Riffat , Zaka Azam , Hamdi Walaa Ahmed , Alnssyan Badr
Published: January 2024

A fully parametric family of distributions called the new generalized family (NGF) is proposed. The cumulative distribution function of the proposed NGF is constructed based on the reciprocal of the hazard rate function. Furthermore, a special sub-family called the new generalized Pareto (NGP) family is also addressed. A special sub-model of the NGP class called the new Kumaraswamy Pareto (NKP) distribution is introduced. The NKP model provides flexible shapes for its hazard and density functions. The properties of the NKP distribution are derived. In addition, the inferences under complete and bootstrapped samples of the NKP parameters are addressed. Monte Carlo simulation studies are also performed to explore the behavior of different estimators. Three real-life datasets are fitted using the NKP distribution, showing the superiority fit of the proposed statistical model.
Flow characteristics of ejector nozzles with different auxiliary intake valves
Authors: Li Zijie , Wang Hao
Published: January 2024

The ejector nozzle requires a third auxiliary airflow to improve its thrust performance at transonic speed. However, different auxiliary air intake structures will affect the third auxiliary flow, which in turn may change its thrust performance and internal flow field characteristics. Herein, we simulated four nozzles with different intake valve structures (sector angles of the open-close interval structure were 30°, 22.5°, 18°, and 15°, respectively) at transonic speed (Ma = 1.2). The results show that there is significant lateral flow inside the nozzle, which induces a multi-pair vortex. In addition, the nozzle with an open-close sector angle of 30° has the largest flow rate of 9.352 kg/s, which produces the largest thrust and the slowest dissipating flow vortex, but the distortion of the flow field in nozzles is the most obvious. However, with the reduction of the sector angle of the open-close intake valves (i.e., 22.5°, 18°, and 15°), the flow rate and the thrust of the nozzle decrease. Meanwhile, the dissipation of the flow vortex is accelerated, resulting in a weakening of the flow field distortion.
Analysis of multilayered shielding panels consisting of conducting and absorbing materials
Authors: Kwon Jong Hwa , Park Hyun Ho
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a multilayered panel consisting of conducting and absorbing layers to improve the shielding performance of conducting panels, which is severely reduced by unintentional openings or gaps in the conducting plates of shielding enclosures or facilities. An analytic solution for a two-dimensional approximated structure with dielectric or magnetic absorbing materials between upper and lower conducting plates with a slit is also presented. The penetrated electric fields are examined in terms of the size of the slits, the thickness of the absorbing layer, and the offset between the two slits. For verification, the results are compared with those obtained through three-dimensional numerical simulation using CST Microwave Studio.
Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils unique transcriptomic signatures of endothelial cells and role of ENO1 in response to disturbed flow
Authors: Chen Li-Jing , Li Julie Yi-Shuan , Nguyen Phu , He Ming , Chen Zhen Bouman , Subramaniam Shankar , Shyy John Y.-J. , Chien Shu
Published: January 2024

Flow patterns exert significant effects on vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to lead to the focal nature of atherosclerosis. Using a step flow chamber to investigate the effects of disturbed shear (DS) and pulsatile shear (PS) on ECs in the same flow channel, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analyses to explore the distinct transcriptomic profiles regulated by DS vs. PS. Integrated analysis identified eight cell clusters and demonstrated that DS induces EC transition from atheroprotective to proatherogenic phenotypes. Using an automated cell type annotation algorithm (SingleR), we showed that DS promoted endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) by inducing the transcriptional phenotypes for inflammation, hypoxia responses, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. Enolase 1 (ENO1), a key gene in glycolysis, was one of the top-ranked genes in the DS-induced EndMT cluster. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that the kinetic expression of ENO1 was significantly associated with EndMT and that ENO1 silencing repressed the DS- and TGF-β-induced EC inflammation and EndMT. Consistent with these findings, ENO1 was highly expressed in ECs at the inner curvature of the mouse aortic arch (which is exposed to DS) and atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting its proatherogenic role in vivo. In summary, we present a comprehensive single-cell atlas of ECs in response to different flow patterns within the same flow channel. Among the DS-regulated genes, ENO1 plays an important role in DS-induced EC inflammation and EndMT. These results provide insights into how hemodynamic forces regulate vascular endothelium in health and disease.
The semantic access mechanism of L3 Spanish words
Authors: Wang Ting , Yang Jingyun
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the lexical semantic access mode among students (n = 70) who speak
Chinese as their first language (L1), English as a second language (L2), and are in the process of learning Spanish as their third
language (L3). We use a cross-linguistic repetition priming paradigm with lexical decision tasks to assess whether semantic access
to L3 Spanish words is achieved with the help of L1 Chinese or L2 English translation equivalents. The results show that the
lexical semantic access mode varies depending on L3 proficiency level: Participants with high Spanish proficiency level have
direct access to the concepts, while nonproficient Spanish learners have access to the Spanish words’ conceptual representation
with the help of translation equivalents from both L1 Chinese and L2 English, which suggests that the Revised Hierarchical Model
(Kroll and Stewart, 1994) in second language acquisition (SLA) can be extended to
the third language acquisition (TLA) process. Our results also corroborate the Parasitic Model (Ecke, 2015), as trilingual speakers are shown to be dependent on previously acquired languages at the
initial stage.
Compact gap solitons and compact edge states of exciton–polariton condensates with spin–orbit coupling in a one-dimensional flatband lattice
Authors: Cheng Szu-Cheng , Chen Ting-Wei
Published: January 2024

We propose that the compact gap solitons and compact edge states can be excited in a flatband of the incoherently-pumped exciton–polariton condensate under a one-dimensional periodic potential lattice. The combined effects of spin–orbit coupling and periodic potential depth on the flatband structures are investigated. Then how the compact gap solitons and edge states are localized and extended inside only a fraction of a single lattice site will be studied with varying pump strengths, pump spot-sizes as well as energy detuning.