bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Gender Effects in the Relationship between Perceived Immune Functioning and Autistic Traits
Authors: Mackus Marlou , Kruijff Deborah , Otten Leila , Kraneveld Aletta , Garssen Johan , Verster Joris
Published: April 2017

Altered immune functioning has been demonstrated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study explores the relationship between perceived immune functioning and experiencing ASD traits in healthy young adults. N = 410 students from Utrecht University completed a survey on immune functioning and autistic traits. In addition to a 1-item perceived immune functioning rating, the Immune Function Questionnaire (IFQ) was completed to assess perceived immune functioning. The Dutch translation of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was completed to examine variation in autistic traits, including the domains “social insights and behavior”, “difficulties with change”, “communication”, “phantasy and imagination”, and “detail orientation”. The 1-item perceived immune functioning score did not significantly correlate with the total AQ score. However, a significant negative correlation was found between perceived immune functioning and the AQ subscale “difficulties with change” (r = −0.119, p = 0.019). In women, 1-item perceived immune functioning correlated significantly with the AQ subscales “difficulties with change” (r = −0.149, p = 0.029) and “communication” (r = −0.145, p = 0.032). In men, none of the AQ subscales significantly correlated with 1-item perceived immune functioning. In conclusion, a modest relationship between perceived immune functioning and several autistic traits was found.
Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Ragusa Maria , Nicosia Aldo , Costa Salvatore , Cuttitta Angela , Gianguzza Fabrizio
Published: April 2017

Metallothioneins (MT) are small and cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions such as zinc, copper, cadmium, and nickel. In order to shed some light on MT gene structure and evolution, we cloned seven Paracentrotus lividus MT genes, comparing them to Echinodermata and Chordata genes. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 32 MTs from different classes of echinoderms and 13 MTs from the most ancient chordates, highlighting the relationships between them. Since MTs have multiple roles in the cells, we performed RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization experiments to understand better MT functions in sea urchin embryos. Results showed that the expression of MTs is regulated throughout development in a cell type-specific manner and in response to various metals. The MT7 transcript is expressed in all tissues, especially in the stomach and in the intestine of the larva, but it is less metal-responsive. In contrast, MT8 is ectodermic and rises only at relatively high metal doses. MT5 and MT6 expression is highly stimulated by metals in the mesenchyme cells. Our results suggest that the P. lividus MT family originated after the speciation events by gene duplications, evolving developmental and environmental sub-functionalization.
Zebrafish as an Alternative Vertebrate Model for Investigating Developmental Toxicity—The Triadimefon Example
Authors: Zoupa Maria , Machera Kyriaki
Published: April 2017

Triadimefon is a widely used triazole fungicide known to cause severe developmental defects in several model organisms and in humans. The present study evaluated in detail the developmental effects seen in zebrafish embryos exposed to triadimefon, confirmed and expanded upon previous phenotypic findings and compared them to those observed in other traditional animal models. In order to do this, we exposed embryos to 2 and 4 µg/mL triadimefon and evaluated growth until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) through gross morphology examination. Our analysis revealed significant developmental defects at the highest tested concentration including somite deformities, severe craniofacial defects, a cleft phenotype along the three primary neural divisions, a rigorously hypoplastic or even absent mandible and a hypoplastic morphology of the pharyngeal arches. Interestingly, massive pericardial edemas, abnormal shaped hearts, brachycardia and inhibited or absent blood circulation were also observed. Our results revealed that the presented zebrafish phenotypes are comparable to those seen in other organism models and those derived from human observations as a result of triadimefon exposure. We therefore demonstrated that zebrafish provide an excellent system for study of compounds with toxic significance and can be used as an alternative model for developmental toxicity studies to predict effects in mammals.
Chemical Tuning and Absorption Properties of Iridium Photosensitizers for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Bokareva Olga , Möhle Tobias , Neubauer Antje , Bokarev Sergey , Lochbrunner Stefan , Kühn Oliver
Published: April 2017

Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes are of particular interest due to the wide tunability of their electronic structure via variation of their ligands. Here, a series of heteroleptic Ir-based photosensitizers with the general formula [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ has been studied theoretically by means of an optimally-tuned long-range separated density functional. Focusing on the steady-state absorption spectra, correlations between the chemical modification of both ligand types with the natures of the relevant dark and bright electronic states are revealed. Understanding such correlations builds up a basis for the rational design of efficient photocatalytic systems.
An Overview of Infrared Remote Sensing of Volcanic Activity
Authors: Blackett Matthew
Published: April 2017

Volcanic activity consists of the transfer of heat from the interior of the Earth to the surface. The characteristics of the heat emitted relate directly to the geological processes underway and can be observed from space, using the thermal sensors present on many Earth-orbiting satellites. For over 50 years, scientists have utilised such sensors and are now able to determine the sort of volcanic activity being displayed without hazardous and costly field expeditions. This review will describe the theoretical basis of the discipline and then discuss the sensors available and the history of their use. Challenges and opportunities for future developments are then discussed.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Basel III Standards on Banks’ Default Risk: The Case of Luxembourg
Authors: Giordana Gastón Andrés , Schumacher Ingmar
Published: April 2017

We study how the Basel III regulations, namely the Capital-to-Assets Ratio (CAR), the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) and the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), are likely to impact banks’ profitability (i.e., ROA), capital levels and default. We estimate historical series of the new Basel III regulations for a panel of Luxembourgish banks for a period covering 2003q2–2011q3. We econometrically investigate whether historical LCR and NSFR components, as well as CAR positions are able to explain the variation in a measure of a bank’s default risk (approximated by Z-score) and how these effects make their way through banks’ ROA and CAR.We find that the liquidity regulations induce a decrease in average probabilities of default. We find that the liquidity regulation focusing on maturity mismatches (i.e., NSFR) induces a decrease in average probabilities of default. Conversely, the impact on banks’ profitability is less clear-cut; what seems to matter is banks’ funding structure rather than the characteristics of the portfolio of assets. Additionally, we use a model of bank behavior to simulate the banks’ optimal adjustments of their balance sheets as if they had to adhere to the regulations starting in 2003q2. Then, we predict, using our preferred econometric model and based on the simulated data, the banks’ Z-score and ROA. The simulation exercise suggests that basically all banks would have seen a decrease in their default risk during a crisis episode if they had previously adhered to Basel III.
Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor and Adenosine Deaminase in Rabbit Gastric Mucosa ECL Cells
Authors: Arin Rosa María , Vallejo Ana Isabel , Rueda Yuri , Fresnedo Olatz , Ochoa Begoña
Published: April 2017

Adenosine is readily available to the glandular epithelium of the stomach. Formed continuously in intracellular and extracellular locations, it is notably produced from ATP released in enteric cotransmission. Adenosine analogs modulate chloride secretion in gastric glands and activate acid secretion in isolated parietal cells through A2B adenosine receptor (A2BR) binding. A functional link between surface A2BR and adenosine deaminase (ADA) was found in parietal cells, but whether this connection is a general feature of gastric mucosa cells is unknown. Here we examine whether A2BR is expressed at the membrane of histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, the major endocrine cell type in the oxyntic mucosa, and if so, whether it has a vicinity relationship with ADA. We used a highly homogeneous population of rabbit ECL cells (size 7.5–10 µm) after purification by elutriation centrifugation. The surface expression of A2BR and ADA proteins was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Our findings demonstrate that A2BR and ADA are partially coexpressed at the gastric ECL cell surface and that A2BR is functional, with regard to binding of adenosine analogs and adenylate cyclase activation. The physiological relevance of A2BR and ADA association in regulating histamine release is yet to be explained.
Random Finite Set Based Bayesian Filtering with OpenCL in a Heterogeneous Platform
Authors: Hu Biao , Sharif Uzair , Koner Rajat , Chen Guang , Huang Kai , Zhang Feihu , Stechele Walter , Knoll Alois
Published: April 2017

While most filtering approaches based on random finite sets have focused on improving performance, in this paper, we argue that computation times are very important in order to enable real-time applications such as pedestrian detection. Towards this goal, this paper investigates the use of OpenCL to accelerate the computation of random finite set-based Bayesian filtering in a heterogeneous system. In detail, we developed an efficient and fully-functional pedestrian-tracking system implementation, which can run under real-time constraints, meanwhile offering decent tracking accuracy. An extensive evaluation analysis was carried out to ensure the fulfillment of sufficient accuracy requirements. This was followed by extensive profiling analysis to spot the potential bottlenecks in terms of execution performance, which were then targeted to come up with an OpenCL accelerated application. Video-throughput improvements from roughly 15 fps to 100 fps (6×) were observed on average while processing typical MOT benchmark videos. Moreover, the worst-case frame processing yielded an 18× advantage from nearly 2 fps to 36 fps, thereby comfortably meeting the real-time constraints. Our implementation is released as open-source code.
Use of Novel Composite Coagulants for Arsenic Removal from Waters—Experimental Insight for the Application of Polyferric Sulfate (PFS)
Authors: Katsoyiannis Ioannis , Tzollas Nikolaos , Tolkou Athanasia , Mitrakas Manassis , Ernst Mathias , Zouboulis Anastasios
Published: April 2017

In the present study, several pre-polymerized coagulants of iron and aluminum were tested for their efficiency towards As(V) and As(III) removal from water sources. The results showed that the pre-polymerized coagulants of iron, such as poly-ferric sulfate and poly-ferric silicate chloride, were very efficient for As(V) removal. With regard to As(III) removal, among all examined coagulants, including the conventional ferric chloride, only the poly-ferric sulfate (PFS) was able to reduce As(III) to concentrations below the drinking water regulation limit of 10 μg/L. In contrast, all tested composite coagulants based on aluminum were not capable of removing efficiently both species of arsenic. PFS addition in water containing 4 mM of alkalinity and 25 μg/L of As(V) and As(III) (i.e., total arsenic concentration 50 μg/L) resulted in finished water with less than 5 μg/L arsenic, only by dosing 5 mg Fe-PFS/L at pH 7, whereas, simultaneously, the residual iron concentration was found well below its drinking water regulation limit of 200 μg/L. The use of PFS could provide a viable alternative for As(III) and As(V) removal at household treatment level for application in vulnerable communities, without the need of any additional treatment, such as oxidation of As(III) to As(V).
Graphical Methodology of Global Pollution Index for the Environmental Impact Assessment Using Two Environmental Components
Authors: Cojocaru Corneliu , Cocârţă Diana , Istrate Irina , Creţescu Igor
Published: April 2017

One of the applied methods for environmental impact assessment is the index of global pollution (IGP) proposed by Rojanschi in 1991. This methodology enables the global estimation for the ecosystem state affected more or less by human activities. Unfortunately, Rojanschi’s method has a limitation; it can be applied only if at least three environmental components are considered. Frequently, many environmental impact assessment applications rely on analysis of only two environmental components. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a new graphical method to extend Rojanschi’s approach for the case of two environmental components. The proposed method avoids the average value of evaluation grades and uses only the graphical correspondence for calculation of the index of global pollution. A right-angle triangle graph methodology was proposed, where bases represented the values of evaluation grades. Thus, for the case of two environmental components, the index of global pollution was calculated as the relation between the ideal and real ecosystem states represented by the ratio between areas of external and enclosed right triangles. The developed graphical method was tested and validated for real case studies: the environmental impact assessment from a refinery located on the Romanian Black Sea Coast considering Air and Water environmental components and from a coal-fired thermoelectric power plant from Eastern Romania regarding Air and Soil environmental components. In this way, it was provided a reliable and faster tool to be used for the pollution characterization of human-derived chemicals for better decisions in risk management.
Redistributing Phosphorus in Animal Manure from a Livestock-Intensive Region to an Arable Region: Exploration of Environmental Consequences
Authors: Hanserud Ola Stedje , Lyng Kari-Anne , Vries Jerke W. De , Øgaard Anne Falk , Brattebø Helge
Published: April 2017

Specialized agricultural production between regions has led to large regional differences in soil phosphorus (P) over time. Redistribution of surplus manure P from high livestock density regions to regions with arable farming can improve agricultural P use efficiency. In this paper, the central research question was whether more efficient P use through manure P redistribution comes at a price of increased environmental impacts when compared to a reference system. Secondly, we wanted to explore the influence on impacts of regions with different characteristics. For this purpose, a life cycle assessment was performed and two regions in Norway were used as a case study. Several technology options for redistribution were examined in a set of scenarios, including solid–liquid separation, with and without anaerobic digestion of manure before separation. The most promising scenario in terms of environmental impacts was anaerobic digestion with subsequent decanter centrifuge separation of the digestate. This scenario showed that redistribution can be done with net environmental impacts being similar to or lower than the reference situation, including transport. The findings emphasize the need to use explicit regional characteristics of the donor and recipient regions to study the impacts of geographical redistribution of surplus P in organic fertilizer residues.
A Hybrid Method for Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Wei YiMing , Tan Zhong-fu , Ke Wang , Tian Wei
Published: April 2017

The accuracy of short-term wind speed prediction is very important for wind power generation. In this paper, a hybrid method combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), adaptive neural network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and seasonal auto-regression integrated moving average (SARIMA) is presented for short-term wind speed forecasting. The original wind speed series is decomposed into both periodic and nonlinear series. Then, the ANFIS model is used to catch the nonlinear series and the SARIMA model is applied for the periodic series. Numerical testing results based on two wind sites in South Dakota show the efficiency of this hybrid method.
Protein Discovery: Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Venom from the Endoparasitoid Cotesia chilonis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Teng Zi-Wen , Xiong Shi-Jiao , Xu Gang , Gan Shi-Yu , Chen Xuan , Stanley David , Yan Zhi-Chao , Ye Gong-Yin , Fang Qi
Published: April 2017

Many species of endoparasitoid wasps provide biological control services in agroecosystems. Although there is a great deal of information on the ecology and physiology of host/parasitoid interactions, relatively little is known about the protein composition of venom and how specific venom proteins influence physiological systems within host insects. This is a crucial gap in our knowledge because venom proteins act in modulating host physiology in ways that favor parasitoid development. Here, we identified 37 possible venom proteins from the polydnavirus-carrying endoparasitoid Cotesia chilonis by combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The most abundant proteins were hydrolases, such as proteases, peptidases, esterases, glycosyl hydrolase, and endonucleases. Some components are classical parasitoid venom proteins with known functions, including extracellular superoxide dismutase 3, serine protease inhibitor and calreticulin. The venom contains novel proteins, not recorded from any other parasitoid species, including tolloid-like proteins, chitooligosaccharidolytic β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, FK506-binding protein 14, corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. These new data generate hypotheses and provide a platform for functional analysis of venom components.
Integrated 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMAPET/MRI in patients with suspected recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Cohnen Joseph , Gomez Benedikt , Grüneisen Johannes , Sawicki Lino M. , Rübben Herbert , Bockisch Andreas , Umutlu Lale , Pöppel Thorsten D. , Wetter Axel , Lütje Susanne
Published: April 2017

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT in the detection of asymptomatic recurrence in patients with malignant melanoma who have had resection of their primary lesion. We also aimed to determine the pattern and factors predisposing to disease recurrence. Methods: Patients with malignant melanoma who have had surgical resection of their disease and without any clinical evidence of disease recurrence were followed- up with FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT, pattern of recurrence and factors predictive of disease recurrence were determined. Results: A total of 144 patients were followed-up for a median period of 50.50 months. Asymptomatic recurrence was seen in 37 patients (25.7 %) with a median time to recurrence of 20 months. Lymph node was the commonest site of asymptomatic recurrence. Sex, tumour depth, histology type and presence of nodal metastasis were significant predictors of tumour recurrence. Age, race, site of primary lesion, type of lymph node resection were not significant predictors of disease recurrence. Race has a significant effect on the histological subtype of tumour (nodular maligna was more common in Caucasian while acral lentiginous was more prevalent in the Blacks) and the site of the primary lesion (lower limb in Blacks and trunk in Caucasians). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG PET/CT for the detection of disease recurrence were 94.5 %, 87.6 % and 89.6 % respectively. Conclusion: FDG PET/CT is a suitable modality for early detection of asymptomatic recurrence of malignant melanoma. Asymptomatic recurrence most commonly occurs in lymph nodes. Sex, nodal metastasis and tumour pathologic features are predictors of recurrence.
Transcriptomic resources for an endemic Neotropical plant lineage (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Serrano‐Serrano Martha L. , Marcionetti Anna , Perret Mathieu , Salamin Nicolas
Published: April 2017

Premise of the study:

Despite the extensive phenotypic variation that characterizes the Gesneriaceae family, there is a lack of genomic resources to investigate the molecular basis of their diversity. We developed and compared the transcriptomes for two species of the Neotropical lineage of the Gesneriaceae.

Methods and Results:

Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly of floral and leaf samples were used to generate multigene sequence data for Sinningia eumorpha and S. magnifica, two species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A total of 300 million reads were used to assemble the transcriptomes, with an average of 92,038 transcripts and 43,506 genes per species. The transcriptomes showed good quality metrics, with the presence of all eukaryotic core genes, and an equal representation of clusters of orthologous groups (COG) classifications between species. The orthologous search produced 8602 groups, with 15–20% of them annotated using BLAST tools.

Discussion:

This study provides the first step toward a comprehensive multispecies transcriptome characterization of the Gesneriaceae family. These resources are the basis for comparative analyses in this species‐rich Neotropical plant group; they will also allow the investigation of the evolutionary importance of multiple metabolic pathways and phenotypic diversity, as well as developmental programs in these nonmodel species.
The role of 2D/3D spin-polarization interactions in hybrid copper hydroxide acetate: new insights from first-principles molecular dynamics
Authors: Chaker Ziyad , Ori Guido , Boero Mauro , Massobrio Carlo
Published: April 2017

The magnetic properties response of the layered hybrid material copper hydroxide acetate Cu2(OH)3CH3COO·H2O is studied as a function of the applied pressure within first-principles molecular dynamics. We are able to elucidate the interplay between the structural properties of this material and its magnetic character, both at the local (atomic) level and at the bulk level. We performed a detailed analysis of the intralayer spin configurations occurring for each value of the imposed projection along the z-axis for the total spin and of the applied pressure. The transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state at high pressure (above 3 GPa) goes along with a vanishing difference between the spin polarizations pertaining to each layer. Therefore, at high pressure, copper hydroxide acetate is a ferromagnet with no changes of spin polarization in the direction perpendicular to the inorganic layers.
Substitution of fluorine in M[C6F5BF3] with organolithium compounds: distinctions between O- and N-nucleophiles
Authors: Shabalin Anton Yu , Adonin Nicolay Yu , Bardin Vadim V
Published: April 2017

Borates M[C6F5BF3] (M = K, Li, Bu4N) react with organolithium compounds, RLi (R = Me, Bu, Ph), in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or diglyme to give M[4-RC6F4BF3] and M[2-RC6F4BF3]. When R is Me or Bu, the nucleophilic substitution of the fluorine atom at the para position to boron is the predominant route. When R = Ph, the ratio M[4-RC6F4BF3]/M[2-RC6F4BF3] is ca. 1:1. Substitution of the fluorine atom at the ortho position to boron is solely caused by the coordination of RLi via the lithium atom with the fluorine atoms of the BF3 group. This differs from the previously reported substitution in K[C6F5BF3] by O- and N-nucleophiles that did not produce K[2-NuC6F4BF3].
Phoneme Error Pattern by Heritage Speakers of Spanish on an English Word Recognition Test
Authors: Shi Lu-Feng
Published: April 2017

Background:Heritage speakers acquire their native language from home use in their early childhood. As the native language is typically a minority language in the society, these individuals receive their formal education in the majority language and eventually develop greater
competency with the majority than their native language. To date, there have not been specific research attempts to understand word recognition by heritage speakers. It is not clear if and to what degree we may infer from evidence based on bilingual listeners in general.Purpose:This
preliminary study investigated how heritage speakers of Spanish perform on an English word recognition test and analyzed their phoneme errors.Research Design:A prospective, cross-sectional, observational design was employed.Study Sample:Twelve normal-hearing adult Spanish heritage
speakers (four men, eight women, 20‐38 yr old) participated in the study. Their language background was obtained through the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire. Nine English monolingual listeners (three men, six women, 20‐41 yr old) were also included for comparison
purposes.Data Collection and Analysis:Listeners were presented with 200 Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 words in quiet. They repeated each word orally and in writing. Their responses were scored by word, word-initial consonant, vowel, and word-final consonant. Performance
was compared between groups with Student’s t test or analysis of variance. Group-specific error patterns were primarily descriptive, but intergroup comparisons were made using 95% or 99% confidence intervals for proportional data.Results:The two groups of listeners yielded
comparable scores when their responses were examined by word, vowel, and final consonant. However, heritage speakers of Spanish misidentified significantly more word-initial consonants and had significantly more difficulty with initial /p, b, h/ than their monolingual peers. The two groups
yielded similar patterns for vowel and word-final consonants, but heritage speakers made significantly fewer errors with /e/ and more errors with word-final /p, k/.Conclusions:Data reported in the present study lead to a twofold conclusion. On the one hand, normal-hearing heritage speakers
of Spanish may misidentify English phonemes in patterns different from those of English monolingual listeners. Not all phoneme errors can be readily understood by comparing Spanish and English phonology, suggesting that Spanish heritage speakers differ in performance from other Spanish‐English
bilingual listeners. On the other hand, the absolute number of errors and the error pattern of most phonemes were comparable between English monolingual listeners and Spanish heritage speakers, suggesting that audiologists may assess word recognition in quiet in the same way for these two
groups of listeners, if diagnosis is based on words, not phonemes.
JVLA Observations of Young Brown Dwarfs
Authors: Rodríguez Luis F. , Zapata Luis A. , Palau Aina
Published: April 2017

We present sensitive 3.0 cm JVLA radio continuum observations of six regions of low-mass star formation that include twelve young brown dwarfs (BDs) and four young BD candidates. We detect a total of 49 compact radio sources in the fields observed, of which 24 have no reported counterparts and are considered new detections. Twelve of the radio sources show variability in timescales of weeks to months, suggesting gyrosynchrotron emission produced in active magnetospheres. Only one of the target BDs, FU Tau A, was detected. However, we detected radio emission associated with two of the BD candidates, WL 20S and CHLT 2. The radio flux densities of the sources associated with these BD candidates are more than an order of magnitude larger than expected for a BD and suggest a revision of their classification. In contrast, FU Tau A falls on the well-known correlation between radio luminosity and bolometric luminosity, suggesting that the emission comes from a thermal jet and that this BD seems to be forming as a scaled-down version of low-mass stars.
H2CO Distribution and Formation in the TW HYA Disk
Authors: Öberg Karin I. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Merchantz Christopher J. , Qi Chunhua , Andrews Sean M. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Huang Jane , Loomis Ryan A. , Wilner David J. , Brinch Christian , Hogerheijde Michiel
Published: April 2017

H2CO is one of the most readily detected organic molecules in protoplanetary disks. Yet its distribution and dominant formation pathway(s) remain largely unconstrained. To address these issues, we present ALMA observations of two H2CO lines (

and

) at 0.″5 (∼30 au) spatial resolution toward the disk around the nearby T Tauri star TW Hya. Emission from both lines is spatially resolved, showing a central depression, a peak at 0.″4 radius, and a radial decline at larger radii with a bump at ∼1″, near the millimeter continuum edge. We adopt a physical model for the disk and use toy models to explore the radial and vertical H2CO abundance structure. We find that the observed emission implies the presence of at least two distinct H2CO gas reservoirs: (1) a warm and unresolved inner component (<10 au), and (2) an outer component that extends from ∼15 au to beyond the millimeter continuum edge. The outer component is further constrained by the line ratio to arise in a more elevated disk layer at larger radii. The inferred H2CO abundance structure agrees well with disk chemistry models, which predict efficient H2CO gas-phase formation close to the star, and cold H2CO grain surface formation, through H additions to condensed CO, followed by non-thermal desorption in the outer disk. The implied presence of active grain surface chemistry in the TW Hya disk is consistent with the recent detection of CH3OH emission, and suggests that more complex organic molecules are formed in disks, as well.
Structure in the 3D Galaxy Distribution. III. Fourier Transforming the Universe: Phase and Power Spectra
Authors: Scargle Jeffrey D. , Way M. J. , Gazis P. R.
Published: April 2017

We demonstrate the effectiveness of a relatively straightforward analysis of the complex 3D Fourier transform of galaxy coordinates derived from redshift surveys. Numerical demonstrations of this approach are carried out on a volume-limited sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey redshift survey. The direct unbinned transform yields a complex 3D data cube quite similar to that from the Fast Fourier Transform of finely binned galaxy positions. In both cases, deconvolution of the sampling window function yields estimates of the true transform. Simple power spectrum estimates from these transforms are roughly consistent with those using more elaborate methods. The complex Fourier transform characterizes spatial distributional properties beyond the power spectrum in a manner different from (and we argue is more easily interpreted than) the conventional multipoint hierarchy. We identify some threads of modern large-scale inference methodology that will presumably yield detections in new wider and deeper surveys.
Variations on Debris Disks. IV. An Improved Analytical Model for Collisional Cascades
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Bromley Benjamin C.
Published: April 2017

We derive a new analytical model for the evolution of a collisional cascade in a thin annulus around a single central star. In this model, r
max the size of the largest object changes with time,

, with

0.1–0.2. Compared to standard models where r
max is constant in time, this evolution results in a more rapid decline of M

d
, the total mass of solids in the annulus, and L

d
, the luminosity of small particles in the annulus:

and

. We demonstrate that the analytical model provides an excellent match to a comprehensive suite of numerical coagulation simulations for annuli at 1 au and at 25 au. If the evolution of real debris disks follows the predictions of the analytical or numerical models, the observed luminosities for evolved stars require up to a factor of two more mass than predicted by previous analytical models.
Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine versus Current ART in Virally Suppressed Patients (STRIIVING): A 48-Week, Randomized, Non-Inferiority, Open-Label, Phase IIIb Study
Authors: Trottier Benoît , Lake Jordan E , Logue Ken , Brinson Cynthia , Santiago Lizette , Brennan Clare , Koteff Justin A , Wynne Brian , Hopking Judy , Granier Catherine , Aboud Michael
Published: April 2017

Background

Simplified dosing regimens are important for patients who face challenges in adhering to HIV-1 therapy. We investigated the safety and virological efficacy of switching to once-daily abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine (ABC/DTG/3TC).

Methods

The STRIIVING study was a randomized, open-label, Phase IIIb study in adults with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at enrolment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifer, NCT02105987). Subjects were randomly assigned to switch to ABC/ DTG/3TC once daily for 48 weeks (early-switch group) or continue current ART for 24 weeks and then switch to ABC/DTG/3TC (late-switch group). The primary end point was the proportion of subjects with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at week 24.

Results

Of 553 subjects enrolled, 275 were randomly assigned to switch immediately to ABC/DTG/3TC and 278 continued on current ART. At week 24, 85% and 88% of subjects who switched to ABC/DTG/3TC or remained on current ART, respectively, were virologically suppressed, indicating that ABC/DTG/3TC was non-inferior (difference in proportion, -3.4%; 95% CI -9.1, 2.4). At week 48, 83% and 92% were virologically suppressed in the earlyand late-switch groups, respectively. Adverse events were reported more frequently with ABC/DTG/3TC (66%) than with current ART (47%) by week 24, and in the late-switch group, 60% of subjects reported adverse events post-switch. Pharmacokinetic data supported immediate switch. HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores improved in participants switching to ABC/DTG/3TC versus current ART.

Conclusions

Data demonstrating non-inferiority of switching to ABC/DTG/3TC versus continuing current ART support ABC/DTG/3TC as an option when considering switch regimens in HIV-1-infected adults with stable viral suppression.
La Lilith juive
Authors: Frouard-Guy Rachel
Published: April 2017

Le mythe juif de Lilith émerge au Moyen Âge de la brèche interprétative qu’offre aux générations de commentateurs le récit de la Genèse sur la création de l’humain. Lilith, dont la carrière légendaire avait débuté parmi les démons de la mythologie mésopotamienne, se voit alors prendre forme humaine en prêtant son nom à l’hypothèse d’une première Ève. Elle renouvelle en les condensant les traits effrayants d’un féminin à la vitalité et à la sexualité sans limite, qu’il faut soumettre à coup de lois, de prescriptions et de pratiques conjuratoires. Nous proposons un éclairage du contexte idéologique dans lequel s’inscrit et se déploie le récit fondateur du mythe, et une interprétation de la fonction symbolique de la Rebelle. Porteuse du gène de l’envie haineuse, elle revient propager dans la psyché humaine la panique d’une vitalité à mort.
La genèse de l’envie
Authors: Talebizadeh Jamileh
Published: April 2017

Ce texte porte une réflexion sur la genèse de l’envie dans l’ Avesta , livre sacré de la religion zoroastrienne, et sa conceptualisation théorique en psychanalyse – de S. Freud à M. Klein. En faisant dialoguer la genèse de l’envie dans Avesta avec sa conceptualisation psychanalytique par Freud dans Les théories sexuelles infantiles , ainsi que sur le texte de Melanie Klein Envie et gratitude , nous tentons de démontrer que, si le concept psychanalytique de l’Envie est indissociable de la notion freudienne du meurtre originaire , le prélude de l’ Avesta situe l’origine de l’Univers dans une lutte fratricide. Les thèmes du mal, de l’enfant abandonné par le père et élevé par l’oiseau fabuleux Simorgh, et du meurtre du fils, seront abordés à travers les trois récits mythi-ques de l’épopée persane, Le livre des rois de Ferdowsi. L’incapacité de l’homme face à cette impossibilité de symboliser les questions fondamentales telles que l’envie, le mal, l’origine, la mort, la paternité, est à l’origine de tous les mythes, pour dire les relations les plus archaïques des hommes, semblables dans leurs différences. Le pouvoir ravageur de l’envie et du meurtre dans le récit Zahak , et le renversement du scénario œdipien dans sa configuration persane à travers le récit Rostam et Sohrab , sont un autre versant de la filiation – poussée à son paroxysme dans les mythes, contes et légendes, validation de l’universalité du complexe d’Œdipe.
Débattre à propos des processus psychiques de l’envie
Authors: Fognini Mireille
Published: April 2017

Ce texte est le résumé d’un débat très étoffé organisé autour du livre L’envie de Cléopâtre Athanassiou-Popesco, par lequel elle propose après Freud, Melanie Klein et différents psychanalystes postkleiniens, sa théorisation et son étude clinique de l’envie. Selon elle, l’envie est « la réaction narcissique primaire d’un moi blessé par la confrontation mal gérée avec l’épreuve de la réalité », résultant d’une intolérance de l’existence adaptée du moi-réalité, par le moi-narcissique, qu’elle situe comme « centre de gravité de la vie psychique ». Le systématisme des défenses mises en place dans l’envie contre cette blessure archaïque exige beaucoup de tact et de patience de la part du psychanalyste. Une analyse – entre autres – du personnage shakespearien de Iago illustre la terrible destructivité résultant du vécu insupporté de l’existence blessante d’un autre.
Enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques de l’analyse didactique du travail enseignant de l’école primaire en géographie
Authors: Philippot Thierry , Glaudel Anne , Charpentier Philippe
Published: April 2017

Le travail enseignant dans sa dimension didactique à l’école primaire est encore une réalité mal connue. Nous proposons une analyse des enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques de plusieurs recherches qui contribuent à construire une analyse didactique du travail enseignant à partir d’une réflexion menée dans le contexte de l’enseignement de la géographie. Pour cela nous avons élaboré un cadre de référence qui intègre à la didactique de la géographie des apports de l’ergonomie du travail enseignant et de la clinique de l’activité. Les résultats présentés dans ce texte sont issus de plusieurs recherches. Ils contribuent à la compréhension des pratiques d’enseignement en géographie et plus généralement à l’intelligibilité du travail enseignant.
Recherche collaborative, quelles postures ? L’exemple des représentations de l’argumentation en Géographie en lycée professionnel
Authors: Considère Sylvie , Liénart Olivia
Published: April 2017

La recherche dite collaborative oblige le chercheur à adopter une posture « d’associé » avec le partenaire dont il observe la pratique. Ce type de recherche postule que l’objet de travail est aussi un objet de formation et que l’action du chercheur influe sur cet objet. Nous présentons ici une recherche collaborative s’appuyant dans un premier temps sur le recueil des représentations de ce qu’est l’argumentation chez des enseignants et des élèves de lycée professionnel. L’analyse de ce matériau restituée aux enseignants associés contribue à modifier leur pratique, ce que nous avons pu observer plus singulièrement en Géographie, discipline choisie par l’une des enseignants pour approfondir une réflexion prenant comme objet sa propre pratique, analysée par l’enseignant-chercheur. Ce travail collaboratif associant recherche et formation est un outil précieux apte à construire des modalités didactiques visant la réussite des élèves.
Land Use Change and its Drivers in the Transboundary Shenzhen River Catchment, China
Authors: Choi Yuk Kam , Ng Cho Nam
Published: April 2017

Cet article analyse l’évolution de l’usage du foncier dans le cadre du bassin versant transfrontalier de la rivière Shenzen, en Chine. L’étude des images prises en 1993 et en 2013 révèle le développement asymétrique selon les entités administratives. Le versant de Hong Kong reste largement rural, incluant un site Ramsar bien préservé, alors que le versant de Shenzen connaît une urbanisation rapide. Des circonstances politiques, économiques et sociales sont à l’origine de ce contraste paysager. Les auteurs proposent l’établissement d’une évaluation stratégique environnementale transfrontalière afin de mieux planifier et de protéger les zones humides de cette région transfrontalière.
L’Océanie dans la mondialisation : quels modèles économiques pour les territoires français ?
Authors: Ellero Jérémy
Published: April 2017

L’émancipation des îles d’Océanie ne peut se résumer à leur éradication de la liste des dix-sept territoires à décoloniser de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Dans ce contexte, nous tenterons de savoir si la représentation de référence des économies du Pacifique, MIRAB ( MIgration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy ), répond toujours aux défis apportés par la mondialisation. Cet article a pour ambition de mettre en perspective les modèles de développement insulaires afin d’évaluer les orientations offertes aux territoires français.
La contamination par l’image
Authors: Chouraqui Margaux
Published: April 2017

Daech déploie une stratégie de l’image qui mobilise et relaie les initiatives du terrain : chaque prise de vue devient une prise de guerre.
Le meurtre pour les nuls
Authors: Mazzucchi Nicolas
Published: April 2017

La technologie met l’arme à la portée de tout un chacun, et pire : les objets les plus banals peuvent devenir des armes. La guerre de tous contre tous ?
1940 : quelle guerre ?
Authors: Sigalas Clément
Published: April 2017

Peut-on se croire encore en guerre quand les armes se sont tues ? La mission du Résistant consiste d’abord à persuader une population trop vite rassurée qu’il faut poursuivre le combat.
La prise de décision peut-elle être informelle ?
Authors: Novak Stéphanie
Published: April 2017

Bien que le concept de prise de décision informelle soit fréquemment mobilisé dans les sciences sociales, il est rarement défini. La prise de décision informelle semble renvoyer à des réalités aussi différentes que le non respect des règles formelles de décision, des pratiques de décision collective dépourvues de toute régularité ou encore la recherche du consensus. Cet article vise à déconstruire la notion de prise de décision informelle et à proposer des outils théoriques plus adéquats afin de faciliter la recherche empirique sur des cas de décision collective dite « informelle ». On verra qu’à cet égard, la théorie néo-institutionnaliste fournit des concepts précieux et que l’analyse de différents cas de décision prétendument informelle révèle des régularités et de nombreuses règles non écrites entretenant un rapport complexe avec les règles formelles de décision. Le concept d’« informalité » apparaît ainsi peu opérationnel tant d’un point de vue analytique qu’empirique.
The Myth of Effective Veto Power under the Rule of Consensus. Dynamics and Democratic Legitimacy of Collective Decision-Making by “Tacit Consent”
Authors: Krick Eva
Published: April 2017

Cette étude discute l’hypothèse courante selon laquelle la règle de décision par consensus, par laquelle les décisions sont prises par « consentement tacite », c’est-à-dire sans vote et en absence d’une dissidence ouverte, attribue un pouvoir de veto à chaque décideur. Elle aborde cette hypothèse d’un point de vue conceptuel, analytique et empirique et réévalue la valeur démocratique de cette règle de décision et son applicabilité empirique. L’argument principal de l’étude est que les options de veto sont restreintes par mille façons sous la règle du consensus, ce qui rend cette hypothèse du consentement trompeuse. Nous montrons que le pouvoir de veto en cas de décisions collectives prises selon la règle de consensus est limité par divers mécanismes et normes sociales, qu’il est en outre réparti de façon asymétrique parmi les décideurs, et en outre désactivé, dans une majorité de cas, par « l’ombre du vote majoritaire ». L’examen des dimensions de la légitimité démocratique en termes d’intrants et de résultats montre que l’égalité de participation et d’influence et les normes de transparence et de responsabilité sont violées en raison des options de la règle du veto et d’un ordre ambigu de préférences découlant de la logique particulière de cette règle de décision. L’efficacité de cette règle est néanmoins forte et l’engagement du groupe n’est pas inférieur à ce qu’on observe dans des situations où s’applique la règle du vote. Compte tenu des points forts et des points faibles de cette règle décisionnelle, sa pertinence dans divers contextes politiques est discutée.
The Role of Human Resources (HR) in Tacit Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Dalkir Kimiz
Published: April 2017

In Knowledge Continuity Management (KCM), knowledge from highly experienced employees leaving the organization is particularly challenging to document, classify and organize so that it can be accessed, understood and used by the successor to that employee. Horizontal knowledge sharing (in the context of peer-to-peer networks) and vertical knowledge transfer (in the context of KCM) are distinguished in order to address some of the conceptual confusion in this field. Both Human Resources (HR) and Knowledge Management (KM) units contribute to KCM but they need to do so in a more integrated fashion. The complementary roles played by the KM and HR teams are analyzed in a case study to show how they can work in tandem to ensure knowledge continuity in an organization. Key recommendations are made on how to implement a comprehensive KCM strategy for tacit knowledge, including the role that can be played by information and communication technologies.
Collaborative risk governance in informal urban areas: The case of Wallacedene temporary relocation area
Authors: Zweig Patricia J.
Published: April 2017

Community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) is an emancipatory approach that aims to empower local communities in reducing their own risks. A community risk assessment (CRA) is an essential element of CBDRM, incorporating highly participatory processes of hazard identification and vulnerability analysis. By incorporating local knowledge and insights, together with those contributed by other external role players, the nature of local risks can be more accurately identified, giving consideration to their causal factors, the nature of their realised impacts or potential effects on a local community and the challenges posed in addressing them. Reflecting on the process and outcomes of a CRA conducted in an informal settlement in the Cape Town metropolitan area, this article describes how one such risk assessment contributed to building local agency through a process of collaborative engagement. Offered as an example of possible best practice, it illustrates both the immediate and potentially longer term benefits to be derived from such a collaborative process, suggesting that a community-based risk assessment may contribute significantly to building more resilient communities. It concludes with a consideration of the challenges of sustaining longer term risk reduction efforts.