bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Climate Change on Wastewater Treatment Costs: Evidence from the Wastewater Sector in China
Authors: Reznik Ami , Jiang Yu , Dinar Ariel
Published: November 2020

Treatment of wastewater is expected to become a major development issue in the years to come. We investigate the relationship between climate and costs of wastewater treatment with the objective of examining if changes in climate might have an impact on the costs of wastewater treatment. For that purpose, we use a cross-section sample of 163 treatment plants from China to estimate the industry’s cost function. The methodology used comprises an econometric estimation procedure of treatment costs of the wastewater sector, and a simulation of changes in these costs predicted with future climate conditions, policy implementation scenarios, population growth and development trends. Our results find evidence of climate change impact on treatment costs. We also simulate potential impact of future policy and climate scenarios on costs of treatment, and we measure the cost impact of all other cost determinants but climate—as these are indirectly affected by accounting for climate in the estimation procedure. This indirect impact predicts total cost changes of different magnitudes across the range of future scenarios investigated.
The Characteristics of Coastal Highway Wave Attack and Nearshore Morphology: Provincial Highway No. 9, Taiwan
Authors: Lu Wei-Shiun , Wu Han-Lun , Hu Kai-Cheng , Chen Yen-Lung , Chen Wei-Bo , Hsiao Shih-Chun , Hsiao Yu , Chen Chun-Yen , Tsai Li-Hung
Published: November 2020

This study explores coastal hazard characteristics along Provincial Highway No. 9 (hereafter the Provincial Highway) in Taiwan. Numerical simulation was conducted to analyze wave attacks and medium-to-long-term coastal morphological change along the Provincial Highway and identify areas of high hazard potential. Hydrodynamic and morphological change numerical models were used to simulate various meteorological scenarios in the research site; specifically, far-field, medium-field, and near-field simulations were performed. Subsequently, the simulated results were employed to analyze hazard characteristics and determine the potential for hazard along the Provincial Highway. According to the analysis of hazard characteristics, the high potential of wave attacks was revealed in the following sections of the highway: 440K+000-441K+000, areas near 424K+500, and 396K+000-396K+500, and the highest potential for erosion was shown in the areas near 418K+000 and 397K+500. Finally, these areas with a high potential for wave attacks and erosion were marked to create a map of hazard potential for the provincial highway, and thus provide insights into future construction works or hazard-prevention operations.
Oxidation of Selected Trace Organic Compounds through the Combination of Inline Electro-Chlorination with UV Radiation (UV/ECl2) as Alternative AOP for Decentralized Drinking Water Treatment
Authors: Otter Philipp , Mette Katharina , Wesch Robert , Gerhardt Tobias , Krüger Frank-Marc , Goldmaier Alexander , Benz Florian , Malakar Pradyut , Grischek Thomas
Published: November 2020

A large variety of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) to degrade trace organic compounds during water treatment have been studied on a lab scale in the past. This paper presents the combination of inline electrolytic chlorine generation (ECl2) with low pressure UV reactors (UV/ECl2) in order to allow the operation of a chlorine-based AOP without the need for any chlorine dosing. Lab studies showed that from a Free Available Chlorine (FAC) concentration range between 1 and 18 mg/L produced by ECl2 up to 84% can be photolyzed to form, among others, hydroxyl radicals (OH) with an UV energy input of 0.48 kWh/m3. This ratio could be increased to 97% by doubling the UV energy input to 0.96 kWh/m3 and was constant throughout the tested FAC range. Also the achieved radical yield of 64% did not change along the given FAC concentration range and no dependence between pH 6 and pH 8 could be found, largely simplifying the operation of a pilot scale system in drinking water treatment. Whereas with ECl2 alone only 5% of benzotriazoles could be degraded, the combination with UV improved the degradation to 89%. Similar results were achieved for 4-methylbenzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole and iomeprol. Oxipurinol and gabapentin were readily degraded by ECl2 alone. The trihalomethanes values were maintained below the Germany drinking water standard of 50 µg/L, provided residual chlorine concentrations are kept within the permissible limits. The here presented treatment approach is promising for decentralized treatment application but requires further optimization in order to reduce its energy requirements.
Application of Innovative Technologies for Active Control and Energy Efficiency in Water Supply Systems
Authors: Carravetta Armando , Giugni Maurizio , Malavasi Stefano
Published: November 2020

The larger anthropic pressure on the Water Supply Systems (WSS) and the increasing concern for the sustainability of the large energy use for water supply, transportation, distribution, drainage and treatment are determining a new perspective in the management of water systems [...]
Net Primary Production Predicted by the Proportion of C:N:P Stoichiometric Ratio in the Leaf-Stem and Root of Cynodon Dactylon (Linn.) in the Riparian Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Liu Dan , He Liping , Yu Zhiguo , Liu Zhengxue , Lin Junjie
Published: November 2020

Net primary production (NPP) is closely related to the proportion of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the leaf-stem and root of perennial herbs. However, the relationship of NPP with the C:N:P stoichiometric ratio in above- and below-ground plant tissues remains unknown under the periodic flooding stresses in the riparian zone ecosystem. In this study, the leaf-stem and root C, N, P content and biomass of Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. (C. dactylon) were investigated at the riparian zone altitudes of 145–155, 155–165, and 165–175 m above sea level (masl) of in a Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) tributary–Pengxi River. The results showed that the NPP and biomass of C. dactylon had a similar decreasing trend with a riparian zone altitudes decrease. The root of C. dactylon showed relatively lower N and P content, but much higher N and P use efficiency with higher C:N and C:P ratio than that of a leaf-stem under N limitation conditions. NPP was positively correlated to C:N in the stem-leaf to root ratio (C:Nstem-leaf/root) and C:P ratio in the root (C:Proot ratio). Hydrological and C:N:P stoichiometric variables could predict 68% of the NPP variance, and thus could be regarded as the main predictor of NPP in the riparian zone of the TGR.
Integrated Taxonomy for Halistemma Species from the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Park Nayeon , Prudkovsky Andrey A. , Lee Wonchoel
Published: November 2020

During a survey of the siphonophore community in the Kuroshio Extension, Northwest Pacific Ocean, a new Halistemma Huxley, 1859 was described using integrated molecular and morphological approaches. The Halistemma isabu sp. nov. nectophore is most closely related morphologically to H. striata Totton, 1965 and H. maculatum Pugh and Baxter, 2014. These species can be differentiated by their nectosac shape, thrust block size, ectodermal cell patches and ridge patterns. The new species’ bracts are divided into two distinct types according to the number of teeth. Type A bracts are more closely related to ventral bracts in H. foliacea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833) while Type B bracts are more similar to H. rubrum (Vogt, 1852). Each type differs, however, from the proximal end shape, distal process and bracteal canal. Both of the new species’ morphological type and phylogenetic position within the genus Halistemma are supported by phylogenetic analysis of concatenated DNA dataset (mtCOI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA). Integrated morphological and molecular approaches to the taxonomy of siphonophores showed a clear delimitation of the new species from the congeners. Halistemma isabu sp. nov. is distributed with the congeners H. rubrum, H. cupulifera, H. foliacea and H. striata in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Carabus Population Response to Drought in Lowland Oak Hornbeam Forest
Authors: Šiška Bernard , Eliašová Mariana , Kollár Ján
Published: November 2020

Forest management practices and droughts affect the assemblages of carabid species, and these are the most important factors in terms of influencing short- and long-term population changes. During 2017 and 2018, the occurrences and seasonal dynamics of five carabid species (Carabus coriaceus, C. ulrichii, C. violaceus, C. nemoralis and C. scheidleri) in four oak hornbeam forest stands were evaluated using the method of pitfall trapping. The climate water balance values were cumulatively calculated here as cumulative water balance in monthly steps. The cumulative water balance was used to identify the onset and duration of drought. The number of Carabus species individuals was more than three times higher in 2018 than in 2017. Spring activity was influenced by temperature. The extremely warm April in 2018 accelerated spring population dynamics; however, low night temperatures in April in 2017 slowed the spring activity of nocturnal species. Drought negatively influenced population abundance, and the effect of a drought is likely to be expressed with a two-year delay. In our investigation, a drought in 2015 started in May and lasted eight months; however, the drought was not recorded in 2016, and 2016 was evaluated as a humid year. The meteorological conditions in the year influenced seasonal activity patterns and the timings of peaks of abundance for both spring breeding and autumn breeding Carabus species.
Distribution of Carbon and Nitrogen as Indictors of Environmental Significance in Coastal Sediments of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf
Authors: Tang Zhiyi , Cao Chao , Tang Kunxian , Qi Hongshuai , Sun Yuanmin , Yang Jiangbo
Published: November 2020

Carbon and nitrogen contents and their isotopic components, and AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) radiocarbon dating ages, were measured for 57 coastal sediments from Weizhou Island to analyze the distribution of total inorganic carbon (TIC) and its carbon and oxygen isotopic components (δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and their stable isotopic components (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN), and their environmental significance. The results showed that the oldest age of coastal sediments on Weizhou Island was 2750 cal. a BP (before present), and the average TIC contents of cores A1, A2, B1, C1, and D1 in the intertidal zone were all greater than 5%, where δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb were enriched, whereas the TIC contents in cores A3, C2, and D2 of the supra-tidal zone were low, where δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb were depleted. Moreover, TIC decreased sharply, 4.95% on average, to close to zero from the estuary to the upstream region in the C1-C2 section. The average C/N ratio was 7.02, and δ13CTOC and δ15NTN were between −14.96‰ and −27.26‰ and −14.38‰ and 4.12‰, respectively. These measurements indicate that the TIC in coastal sediments mainly came from seawater. Cores A1, A2, and B1 in the northern intertidal zone exhibited organic terrestrial signals because of C3 and C4 plant inputs, which indicates that the important source on the northern coast of Weizhou Island came from island land but followed the decrease in C3 plants. The lacustrine facies deposits were mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the river, the northern coastline was advancing toward the sea, and part of the southwestern coastal sediments rapidly accumulated on the shore under the influence of a storm surge. The relative sea level of the Weizhou Island area has continuously declined at a rate of approximately 2.07 mm/a, using beach rock as a marker, since the Holocene.
Innovative Trend Analysis of Air Temperature and Precipitation in the Jinsha River Basin, China
Authors: Dong Zengchuan , Jia Wenhao , Sarukkalige Ranjan , Fu Guobin , Meng Qing , Wang Qin
Published: November 2020

Trend detection based on hydroclimatological time series is crucial for understanding climate change. In this study, the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method was applied to investigate trends in air temperature and precipitation over the Jinsha River Basin (JRB), China, from 1961 to 2016 based on 40 meteorological stations. Climatic factors series were divided into three categories according to percentile, and the hidden trends were evaluated separately. The ITA results show that annual and seasonal temperatures have significantly increased whereas the variation range of annual temperature tended to narrow. Spatial pattern analysis of the temperature indicates that high elevation areas show more increasing trends than flat areas. Furthermore, according to ITA, significant increase trends are observed in annual precipitation and “high” category of spring precipitation. The sub-basins results show a significant decreasing trend in elevation zones of ≤2000 m and an increasing trend where elevation is >2000 m. Moreover, linkage between temperature and precipitation was analyzed and the potential impact of the combined changes was demonstrated. The results of this study provide a reference for future water resources planning in the JRB and will help advance the understanding of climate change in similar areas.
Respiratory infections in children: an appropriateness study of when parents should home care or seek medical help
Authors: Newbould Louise , Campbell Stephen M , Edwards George , Morris Rebecca L , Hayward Gail , Hughes Emma C , Hay Alastair D
Published: November 2020

Background

Children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) use more primary care appointments than any other group, but many parents are unsure if, and when, they should seek medical help and report that existing guidance is unclear.

Aim

To develop symptom-based criteria to support parental medical help seeking for children with RTIs.

Design and setting

A research and development/University of California Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) appropriateness study to obtain consensus on children’s RTI symptoms appropriate for home, primary, or secondary health care in the UK.

Method

A multidisciplinary panel of 12 healthcare professionals — six GPs, two pharmacists, two NHS 111 nurses, and two emergency paediatric consultants — rated the appropriateness of care setting for 1134 scenarios in children aged >12 months.

Results

Panellists agreed that home care would be appropriate for children with ≤1 week of ‘normal’ infection symptoms (cough, sore throat, ear pain, and/or runny nose, with or without eating adequately and normal conscious level). The presence of ≥2 additional symptoms generally indicated the need for a same-day GP consultation, as did the presence of shortness of breath. Assessment in the emergency department was considered appropriate when ≥3 symptoms were present and included shortness of breath or wheezing.

Conclusion

The authors have defined the RTI symptoms that parents might regard as ‘normal’ and therefore suitable for care at home. These results could help parents decide when to home care and when to seek medical help for children with RTIs.
Complicações Neurológicas oriundas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão da literatura.
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius Faustino Lima de , Ferreira Elane de Nazaré Magno
Published: November 2020

Introdução. A COVID-19 é causada pelo coronavirus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), que teve seus primeiros casos relatados em dezembro de 2019. O vírus apresenta material genético contituido de RNA de fita simples. SARS-CoV-2 apresenta capacidade de invasão de tecidos que não estão contidos no sistema respiratório e a invasão do sistema nervoso nervoso central vêm sendo documentada na literatura. Objetivos. Apontar os sintomas e complicações neurológicas relatados em pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, New England Journal of the Medicine, JAMA neurology, Nature medicine e Google Acadêmico sem restrição de idiomas. Houve a combinação das palavras-chave “covid-19”, “neurology” e “SARS-CoV-2”. Resultados. Febre estava presente em 48,14% dos pacientes, paresias em 40,74% e estado mental alterado em 33,33% dos indivíduos. Distúrbios do olfato e do paladar estão presentes em 14,81% dos casos. Afasia foi descrita em 7,40% dos pacientes, disartria em 25,92%, ataxia 14,81% e hemiplegia em 22,22% dos casos. Ademais, 48,14% sofreram algum tipo de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), enquanto 25,92% cursaram com Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) e 14,81% evoluíram com encefalite. Conclusão. Ainda há poucas evidências que permitam afirmar com precisão quais são os mecanismos exatos de invasão do tecido nervoso, mas já se tem a evidência que esse processo existe.
Cicloergometria adaptada para membros superiores de pacientes hemiparéticos por acidente vascular: Uma série de casos
Authors: Soares Antonio Vinicius , Korn Rafaela , Pertile Tássia , De Domenico Bruna , Fischer Eichinger Fernando Luis , Noveletto Fabrício
Published: November 2020

Introdução. O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de morte e incapacidade. Método. Uma série de casos com quatro participantes. Os testes realizados foram Dinamometria dos músculos flexores de cotovelo, força de preensão manual, Manovacuometria (Pressão expiratória máxima), Escala de Ashworth Modificada e Perfil de Saúde de Notthinghan. O programa ocorreu 2 vezes por semana durante 8 semanas (16 sessões). Resultados. Foram observados ganhos na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. Conclusão. Esta técnica é de fácil utilização e baixo custo, sendo promissora para a recuperação do membro superior de pacientes hemiparéticos por AVC.
Réflexions sur le rapport homme-nature dans la vie et l'oeuvre de Mario Rigoni Stern (1921-2008)
Authors: Hochkofler Gianni , Scariati Renato
Published: November 2020

This article looks at the relationships that Mario Rigoni Stern, an italian writer, maintained with his lived space and with nature, in reading keys specific to cultural and humanist geography.
Sur les pas de George Orwell en Birmanie
Authors: Wissmer Jean-Michel
Published: November 2020

La visite de Katha en Haute-Birmanie (aujourd''hui le Myanmar) permet de revenir sur les pas de George Orwell qui fut commissaire adjoint de cette petite bourgade qui a conservé de nombreux témoignages de son passé colonial anglais, des lieux qui servent de décor à son premier roman, Une Histoire birmane.
Examination of Zn deficiency on some physiological parameters in case of maize and cucumber seedlings
Authors: Bákonyi Nóra
Published: November 2020

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient needed not only for people, but also crops. Almost half of the world’s cereal crops are deficient inZn, leading to poor crop yields. In fact, one-third (33%) of the world's population is at risk of Zn deficiency in rates, ranging from 4% to73% depending on the given country. Zn deficiency in agricultural soils is also a major global problem affecting both crop yield and quality.The Zn contents of soils in Hungary are medium or rather small. Generally, the rate of Zn deficiency is higher on sand, sandy loam or soiltypes of large organic matter contents. High pH and calcium carbonate contents are the main reasons for the low availability of Zn forplants (Karimian and Moafpouryan, 1999). It has been reported that the high-concentration application of phosphate fertilisers reduces Znavailability (Khosgoftarmanesh et al., 2006). Areas with Zn deficiency are particularly extensive in Békés, Fejér and Tolna County inHungary, yet these areas feature topsoils of high organic matter contents. Usually, Zn is absorbed strongly in the upper part the soil, and ithas been observed that the uptakeable Zn contents of soil are lower than 1.4 mg kg-1.Maize is one of the most important crops in Hungary, grown in the largest areas, and belongs to the most sensitive cultures to Zndeficiency. Zn deficiency can causes serious damage in yield (as large as 80 %), especially in case of maize. On the other hand, Zndeficiency can also cause serious reduction in the yields of dicots. One of the most important vegetables of canning industry is cucumber,which is grown all over the world.In this study, the effects of Zn deficiency have investigated on the growth of shoots and roots, relative and absolute chlorophyll contents,fresh and dry matter accumulation, total root and shoot lengths, the leaf number and leaf area of test plants in laboratory. Experimentalplants used have been maize (Zea mays L. cv. Reseda sc.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Delicatess). A monocot and dicot plant havechosen a to investigate the effects of Zn deficiency, because they have different nutrient uptake mechanism.It has been observed that the unfavourable effects of Zn deficiency have caused damage in some physiological parameters, andsignificantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll contents of monocots and dicots alike.
effect of crop rotation and fertilization on wheat and maize in the pedoclimatic conditions of the Banat Plain
Authors: Borza Iacob , Cseke-Kreppel Ludovic , Dragos Cosmin , Gaica Ioan , Iordache Mădălina
Published: November 2020

The simplification of the plant cultures range and the yields in the last 10-15 years brings into the actuality the role of crop rotation andof fertilization on the yield level and stability for wheat and maize even on the soils with a high natural fertility. The results of the researchesperformed between the years 2006 – 2009 on a cambic low gleyed chernozem from the Banat Plain showed that the wheat cultivated inmonoculture gives productions with 59-81% lower than that cultivated in crop rotation with other plants during 2-4 years. In maize, the yieldobtained in monoculture is situated behind that obtained in crop rotation with 11-21%. The most favorable crop rotations for wheat wererape-wheat in a 4 years rotation and soybean-wheat in simple rotation of 2 years. In maize, the most favorable was the 2 years rotation(wheat-maize). The mineral fertilization was very efficient both in wheat (11-36%) and maize (9-31%). The organic fertilization with manurewas very efficient for maize, the yields being superior with a mean value by 34% for a 60 t/ha dose and with 16% for 30t/ha. The fertilizationcompensates the negative effect expressed by the monocultivation only in a small measure
effect of crop protection and agrotechnical factors on sunflower in the Hajdúság region
Authors: Szabó András , Dóka Lajos Fülöp
Published: November 2020

Extreme weather conditions are becoming more and more frequent in the crop years, thus increase the risk of sunflower production.The objective of researches into plant production is to minimize these effects as much as possible. In this sense, the optimization ofagrotechnological factors is of high importance. Within these factors, the appropriate crop technology (sowing time, crop density)and optimized, rational crop protection technologies are important, especially in the highly sensitive sunflower cultures. The effect ofsowing time, crop density, and fungicide treatments on the yield of sunflower hybrids was analysed in different crop years in 2008and 2009. In each case, the infection was highest with the early sowing time and at the highest crop density level (65000 ha-1). Whenone fungicide treatment was applied, the rate of infection decreased compared to the control treatment. The further decrease of theinfection rate was less after the second fungicide treatment.In the humid year of 2008 the crop yield was the highest at 45000 ha-1 crop density level in the control treatment and at 55000 cropha-1 crop density level when fungicides were applied. In the draughty year of 2009 the maximum yield was gained at 55000 ha-1 cropdensity level in the control treatment and at 65000 crop ha-1 when fungicides were applied. In 2008 and 2009 as regards the cropyield, the difference between the optimal and minimal crop density levels was higher in the fungicide treatments than in the controltreatment (in 2008: control: 517 kg ha-1; one application of fungicides: 865 kg ha-1; two applications of fungicides: 842 kg ha-1), (in2009: control: 577 kg ha-1; one application of fungicides: 761 kg ha-1; two applications of fungicides: 905 kg ha-1).In each and every case, the first treatment with fungicides was more effective than the second. In 2008, the highest yield wasobtained with the third, late sowing time in each fungicide treatment. The differences between the crop yields with different sowingtimes was less than in 2009, when the results of the second treatment exceeded those of the first and third treatment in each case.
Failure causes and effect analysis of water supply systems
Authors: C-tin Ionescu Gheorghe , Smaranda Ionescu Daniela , Daroczi Carol
Published: November 2020

The present paper intends to overview the problems of the failure causes and effect analysis of water supply systems. The author’s efforts were channeled to systemizing, classifying and adapting the content to the hydraulics engineering field.
Theoretical and comparative study regarding the Galerkin-Vlasov method use for study the free vibrations of wood flat plate
Authors: Fetea Marius , Cheregi Gabriel , Lustun Liana , Smit Ildico , Lucaci Codruta , Galis Ioan , Dubau Calin , Derecichei Laura , Sotoc Horea , Burescu Laviniu , Teodora Codau
Published: November 2020

As for the historic record of the problem related to the study of flat plates, the first results were out for publishing at the end of the 18th century, the beginning of the 19th century, having Chladni E, Strehlke, Konig, R, Tanaka S, Rayleigh L, Ritz W and later on Gontkevich V, Timoshenko S, Leissa as pioneers. Each of the above mentioned authors have had significant contributions regarding the development of methods in order to solve the plates and establish some rigurous solutions of their differential equations of equilibrium. The making of constructions, machines and different high-perfomance appliances, whose functioning should take place in safety conditions, have required theoretical studies of rich complexity, as well as practical experiments, within which the problem of their free and forced vibrations represent an important category in the respective theme of research.
Energy forests or vineyards?
Authors: Koncz Gábor , Kozsdáné Bata Mária , Szabóné Pap Hajnalka
Published: November 2020

This paper primarily aims at giving an introduction to an alternative opportunity for vineyards owners many of whom have come to adecision about elimination of their vineyards. The paper is focusing on the Mátra wine-region as a study area, which is the largest mountainwine region in Hungary where more than one third of supported clearing of vineyards have been implemented in the last few years. Theabandoning of vineyards is explicable in more than one way such as very small average size of land or the increasing mean age of ownersetc. The fundamental reason is the chronic doubtfulness of the grape and wine market and the low level of overall profitability of production.Grape production has a long tradition in this region, thus the disappearance of vineyards caused serious problems in land use through theabsolute lack of plans for the future. The popularity of biomass production in the press and the biofuel resultant from vine stocks raiseinterest for short rotation forestry within a group of farmers. Short rotation forestry offers a new chance for some farmers to cut oneself adriftfrom the harmful effects of the market of agricultural products.
Greenhouse gas emissions and Europe 2020 strategy
Authors: Lazányi János
Published: November 2020

Common Agricultural Policy has identified three priority areas for action to protect and enhance rural heritage: (i) the preservation and development of natural farming and traditional agricultural landscapes; (ii) water management and sustainable use and (iii) dealing with climate change. Measures of Rural Development Plan in EU countries promote the development of agricultural practices for preserving the environment and safeguarding the countryside. This is achieved by targeting rural development and promoting environmental friendly, sustainable practices, like agri-environment schemes. Farmers are encouraged to continue playing a positive role in the maintenance of the countryside and the environment. Changes in total emission between 1990and 2007 do not show any correlation with the total GHG emission. GHG emission was reduced in Hungary, Slovakia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, Estonia and Bulgaria, where GHG efficiency is low.
Changing of some parameters of the soil-plant system as an effect of different composts
Authors: Szabó Anita , Berta-Szabó Emese , Nagy Péter Tamás , Balláné Kovács Andrea , Vágó Imtre
Published: November 2020

Composting is an alternative way for practicing site-specific and environmental friendly plant nutrient supply. Our aim was to study the effect of different composts on plant and soil system. Pot experiment with acidic sandy soil blended with three composts in five (0%, 5%, 10%, 25% and 50%) proportion was set up. Our experimental plant was perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). After the harvest of ryegrass we measured the fresh and dry weight of harvested plants, the P-, K-, Mg-contents, and the pH of soils.The three composts had different effect on dry weight production and on nutrient-supply of soil. We established that one of the compost had significantly larger effect on the dry weight of ryegrass compared to the others. In this study we proved that favourable compost/soil proportion is different in the case of different composts.
Niyi Osundare : The ‘Eco Elegist’ Echoes through his Elegies
Authors: Chigurupati Dr. Sharada
Published: November 2020

The biggest enemy we face is anthropocentricism. This is that common attitude that everything on this earth was put here for (human) use.” −Eric Pianca, Eminent Ecologist, Ecological Society of America.
A poet dons many roles to ring in a change, to bring in a transformation, blows a clarion to call caution, envisages a dream and battles for a better world. Niyi Osundare, the Nigerian poet, activist fits into this bill perfectly. His heart heaves heavy as he whines over the imbalance in the ecology imbued by the brutish and selfish humans. He grieves over the loss of the green cover, wails over the woods being cleared, moans over the mountain ranges being razed to the ground and sheds tears on seeing the ‘tear’ in the sky. Osundare wears the mantle of the typical ‘eco elegist’, who earnestly laments over the degradation, deforestation and death of the ecology and human destiny thereafter.
Following the lines of traditional elegies, Nyi Osundare begins his poems on a highly pessimistic note over how, man pounds and plunders the earth for his selfish motives. He imbues his lines with melancholic mood as he moans on seeing the morose, unsightly sights around him.
Troubles with Reality and Order through the Imagination in a World of Disbelief and Disorder: Wallace Stevens and Supreme Fiction
Authors: Mohan M. S. Amal , Rahuman Prof. A. Khaleel
Published: November 2020

The voice of the intellect is a soft one, but it does not rest until it has gained a hearing.” - Sigmund Freud
There have been a lot of writers throughout history who praised or criticized the world’s beauty and ways. They all had their ideas and advice for humanity. But America’s most celebrated twentieth-century poet Wallace Stevens did not just rain down his ideas in his writings but took them as his motto for life. And he called the sum of his ideas ‘Supreme Fiction’. This Supreme Fiction, according to Stevens, is a supreme level of poetry that cleanses the mind and soul of its readers and reduces the hardships they have to face in real life. In other words, Supreme Fiction is Stevens’ replacement for the idea of God. Deeply influenced by the Nietzschean idea of the ‘Death of God’, Stevens wants to create a replacement for God for people to find comfort in a world of disbelief and disorder in the twentieth century.
Lecture Notes on the Application of the Functions of Semantic Categories in Translation
Authors: Akpaca Servais Martial
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the contribution of semantic categories to translation. To this end, the paper uses both a theoretical and a descriptive approach. Indeed, the theories relating to the terms category and semantic categories are presented. Then, the functions of semantic categories are described in translated sentences. Finally, the paper has found that the kernels of English sentences together with the transformations that can be derived from every clause or phrase are key aspects of sentence comprehension and stylistic differences. Equally important is the finding that translation becomes easier and more technical when the functions of semantic categories are applied in sentence construction.
Perception of the Discourse of Advertising Logos by Consumers of Mass Products: Case of Soft Drinks in Congo-Brazzaville
Authors: Nzololo Moyo
Published: November 2020

Anchored in a perspective of relationship marketing, this article analyzes the perception of the discourse of advertising logos by consumers of soft drinks. Through a study carried out on 297 students, the article highlighted the fact that perception varies separately by level of education, gender, age, or a combination of both gender and level of education.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA “MINITIM KABAR” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA
Authors: Ramadani Zania , Oktiningrum Wuli
Published: November 2020

Weight measurement mathematics was an important material for weighing objects in everyday life. Based on the resulted of observations of students' scores on weight measurement 58% did not reach the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria). This study aim to (1) developing Minitim Kabar media for 2nd grade; (2) knowing the feasibility of “Minitim Kabar" media; (3) knowing the increased in cognitive learning outcomes measuring weight in Class II SD students. This research was R&D which includes 10 steps in research which include: research potentials and problems, design data, design validation, revision design, product testing, product revision, usage testing, product revision, product production. The expert tested subjects in this study were the media expert validator and the material expert validator, while the tested subjects were 6 students in the media trial and 9 students in the product trial. Data tested techniques using interviews, observation, tests, and documentation. The data analysis technique used quantitative data analysis techniques and qualitative data analysis. The resulted of this study indicate that the mini media had a high level of validity and attractiveness. The resulted of the validation of material experts were 92.3%, the resulted of the validation of media experts were 87.5%, and the proportion of student questionnaire responses was 100%. The increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes was 45.06. The N-gain test result of 0.65 was at a moderate level. Thus, the Minitim Kabar media was suitable for used as a thematic learning media to improve cognitive learning outcomes in 2nd grade on weight measurement matters.
PENGEMBANGAN SOAL PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI PELUANG
Authors: Putri Dea Meilisa , Destania Yuriska
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to produce the product in the form of questions of valid and practical students' mathematical reasoning skills. The subjects of this study were 6 students of grade VIII to saw the readability of the given questions. The research and development method used the Tessmer model consisted of preliminary stage self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field test. At the preliminary stage, there were two stages, namely preparation and design. The preparation of the stage was analyzing the curriculum, materials, and students' level. The design stage was done to design as questions of mathematical reasoning capabilities. The Self Evaluation stage was conducted after designed the questions of mathematical reasoning skills there were 15 questions and assesses whether the question meets the material, construction, and language. After evaluating the questions that would be validated by the expert reviewer and would be validated 3 times. After 14 questions validated that would be tested on 6 students to saw the practicality of the question through the student's responded questionnaire that was provided. Based on the result of the readability tested, the conclusion development of the questions from numbers 1 to 14 in the category of practicality were intervals of 4 ≤ RP (Produk) ≤ 5 which were classified as Very Practical.
Global English and World Englishes From an Evolutionary Perspective: A Rejoinder to Anna Kristina Hultgren
Authors: Mufwene Salikoko S.
Published: November 2020

The terms Global English and World Englishes reflect two opposite imperial perspectives. The first highlights the success of the British Empire in spreading the language of England to various corners of the world, whereas the second subverts the race-based hierarchy that the European imperial history has added to the speciation that ensued from the geographical spread of English. Kachru (1982, 2017) captured the prestige-laden stratification that has become associated with this differential evolution of English with the opposition “Inner Circle” vs. “Outer Circle” vs “Expanding Circle”, with the latter two apparently merging into one powerless Circle, while speakers of the Inner Circle claim their varieties to be "native" and the only authentic ones. In this commentary, I capitalize on this historical background to explain why Anna Kristina Hultgren is correct in using the term “Red Herring” to characterize the misidentification of English as the cause of social injustice relative to those who do not use it as a mother tongue.
Global English and Social Injustice: The Need to Listen
Authors: Crystal David
Published: November 2020

Examples of a new climate in community partnership projects, where a priority is given to listening, provide a perspective for studies of language and social injustice. We need to spend more time listening to how global learners, especially in the most disadvantaged communities, actually describe their needs. A utilitarian view of English soon emerges. It is difficult to generalize about causes and solutions because of the diversity of situations, but a useful perspective is provided by the notion of empowerment, illustrated from the situation of those who teach English as a Foreign Language. The current state of Welsh illustrates some practical ways of taking forward the relationship between linguistic and economic factors, which should not be seen as being in contrast or in competition, but as forces operating in synergy.
Sociolinguistics, Indexicality and “Global English”
Authors: Fabricius Anne
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a critique of the paper “Global English: From ‘Tyrannosaurus Rex’ to ‘Red Herring’” from a sociolinguistic perspective. The paper takes the position that it is undeniable that the English language’s presence on the world stage, alongside the various political, cultural and economic hegemonies that continue to support it, reverberates down to many varied local linguistic contexts of different time depths. Taking these seriously, sociolinguistically, means paying attention to the subtle indexical, sociolinguistic and linguistic anthropological groundings of contexts as a precursor to any type of ‘applied linguistic’ approach. The paper therefore argues for a dissolution of the term Global English and increased awareness of sociolinguistic and semiotic values in many and varied situations. The paper also discusses one online media example of linguistic ideologizing on the role of English and Danish in Denmark. We take the stance that inter-disciplinarity on this issue, as Anna Kristina Hultgren envisages it, is best built upon strong disciplinary foundations. Keywords: ; ; ; ; ;
Foreword
Authors: Troy Maria Holmgren , Svensson Fredrik , Nyström Andreas
Published: November 2020

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Oxidative stress markers in patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant dependence syndrome
Authors: Bykov I. M. , Lubchenko D. A. , Popov K. A. , Denisova Ya. Ye. , Stolyarova A. N. , Popova M. A.
Published: November 2020

Background. The available data from clinical studies suggest the essential role of free radical processes in the pathogenesis of drug dependence syndrome. At the same time, there is a limited understanding of using markers of oxidative stress in laboratory monitoring and prediction of drug pathology.

Objective. To characterize changes in promising indicators of oxidative stress in patients with psychostimulant and opioid dependence syndrome.

Material and Methods. The total study population was divided into three groups of men aged 23–35: healthy controls (n = 20), patients with the opioid (n = 20) and psychostimulant (n = 20) dependence syndrome. Patients were analyzed for the oxidative stress markers while being in therapy for addiction syndrome aimed at treating mental disorders and detoxification.

Results. The study of antioxidant activity and blood plasma thiol groups did not reveal any significant differences between patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant addiction. The values of the parameters mentioned above were maintained by 20–30% lower than the control indices throughout the entire study. The nature of changes in erythrocyte suspension parameters was not so unambiguous. Thus, patients with opioid dependence syndrome were characterized by a 91% increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive materials in the setting of a slightly altered state of the glutathione system parameters. Psychostimulant dependent patients revealed relatively low level of the products of biomolecule oxidative modifications in the erythrocytes that is 52% higher compared to the control values. It decreased during the therapy, but glutathione concentration reduction by 33% and an imbalance of glutathione metabolism were determined.

Conclusion. The course of the opioid dependence syndrome is characterized by a pronounced intensification of free radical processes while the common trait for psychostimulant abusers is significant changes in the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, in the first case, it is most justified to conduct a laboratory assessment of indicators of oxidative damage, and in the second one, it is also advisable to determine the markers of the state of individual links of the antioxidant system.
The modified Fick principle in the management of patients with a single ventricle
Authors: Karakhalis N. B.
Published: November 2020

Structural and functional cardiovascular abnormalities associated with single ventricle physiology are particularly challenging in terms of perioperative management. The modified Fick principle is considered to be one of the most effective tools for evaluating a patient’s clinical status as well as the parameters of respiratory and hemodynamic support.
Long-term outcomes of reconstructive procedures on coronary arteries for diffuse coronary atherosclerosis without endarterectomy
Authors: Belash S. A. , Shevchenko S. S. , Yasakova E. P. , Barbukhatti K. O. , Porhanov V. A.
Published: November 2020

Objective. This study evaluated the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of coronary artery reconstruction for a diffusely diseased coronary artery without endarterectomy.

Material and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 660 consecutive patients (mostly men (89.5%), mean age 68.3 ± 7.4 years) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in combination with coronary artery reconstruction between 2003 and 2016. 558 operated on patients (84.5%) were followed up for a mean of 94.3 ± 31.2 months.

Results. Long-term survival was 83.2% (95% confidence interval: 74.5–89.3); freedom from cardiac death was 97.4 ± 1.2%; and freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was 64.7 ± 4.1%. Independent predictors of long-term mortality were age at surgery (< 70 years, p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.007), peripheral arterial disease (p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.013) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.034). The arterial graft patency rate was 95.2%, and the vein graft patency rate was 75.4%.

Conclusion. Coronary artery bypass grafting in conjunction with coronary artery reconstruction without endarterectomy confers satisfactory long-term clinical outcomes with high probability of freedom from cardiac death and angina pectoris, good rates of angiographic patency of arterial grafts and favorable rates of vein graft patency.
Anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery on the lower extremities in elderly patients
Authors: Korolev M. V. , Vartanov V. Ya. , Stolyarov S. A. , Gusak A. A.
Published: November 2020

A significant increase in arthrosis and arthritis causes not only conservative but also other various methods of surgical treatment. Minimal invasiveness, less trauma compared to traditional surgical methods of treatment, the ability to carry out treatment on the principle of one-day surgery determine their greater demand.

The paper presents a review of literature data on the features of anesthesia in elderly patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery on the lower extremities.
The fate of the scientist as a reflection of the epoch: in memory of the first rector of the Kuban State Medical University Nikolai F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov
Authors: Alekseenko S. N. , Redko A. N. , Kovelina T. A. , Nikulina E. L. , Veselova D. V.
Published: November 2020

The paper analyzes the life and professional journey of Nikolai F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov, an outstanding scientist, doctor, and professor, as a reflection of Russian history from the end of the 19th century till the first quarter of the 20th century. The study identifies the role of Nikolai F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov in the development of medical science and the establishment of medical education in the Kuban region. The analysis was conducted with the involvement of archival records, personal correspondence, and scientific works of Nikolai F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov. To solve research problems, the authors used historical descriptive, comparative historical, problem-based chronological, biographical methods, and the method of monographic description. It is shown that the scientist’s fate mirrors the cultural and historical era experienced by the country. The authors define the exclusive role of Nikolai F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov in the establishment of the Kuban Medical Institute. His life path helped reveal the inviolability of medical ethics based on mercy, dedication to the profession, and willingness to serve people. Even in the situation of social upheaval Nikolai F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov found the meaning of his life in scientific work and helping people. His example will allow the modern generation of doctors to gain a greater understanding of the essential purpose of their work.