bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: Leguizamon J. Sebastian , Leguizamon Susane
Published: March 2021

“Regional Competitiveness and Smart Specialization in Europe: Place-based Development in International Economic Networks” is reviewed by Peter Karl Kresl. “Social Capital and Rural Development in the Knowledge Society” is reviewed by David W. Hughes. “Reshaping Regional Policy” is reviewed by Jiyoung Park.
Knowns , Unknowns, and Impacts
Authors: Jackson Randall W.
Published: March 2021

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the SRSA, Jackson sums up what we regional scientists do and do not know at this stage in the field’s development.
U.S. Micropolitan Area Growth: A Spatial Equilibrium Growth Analysis
Authors: Davidsson Michael , Rickman Dan S.
Published: March 2021

Because U.S. micropolitan areas have only relatively recently been awarded official status, little is known about their comparative economic performance. Yet, since their inception economic performance among micropolitan areas has received considerable attention from the public and local area policymakers. This paper examines micropolitan area growth during the 1990s, a period of strong national growth. A spatial equilibrium growth framework and estimated reduced-form regressions containing an extensive number of variables are used to assess the sources of differentials in micropolitan area growth. Overall, differences in productivity growth appeared to primarily underlie micropolitan area growth differentials, though household amenities and the elasticity of housing supply also appeared to be nearly as important.
A Rank-Order Test on th Statistical Performance of Neural Network Models for Regional Labor Market Forecasts
Authors: Patuelli Roberto , Longhi Simonetta , Reggiani Aura , Nijkamp Peter , Blien Uwe
Published: March 2021

Using a panel of 439 German regions, we evaluate and compare the performance of various Neural Network (NN) models as forecasting tools for regional employment growth. Because of relevant differences in data availability between the former East and West Germany, the NN models are computed separately for the two parts of the country. The comparisons of the models and their ex post forecasts are carried out by means of a non-parametric test: viz. the Friedman statistic. The Friedman statistic tests the consistency of model results obtained in terms of their rank order. Since there is no normal distribution assumption, this methodology is an interesting substitute for a standard analysis of variance.
Proprietorship Formations and U.S. Job Growth
Authors: Shrestha Sundar S. , Goetz Stephan J. , Rupasingha Anil
Published: March 2021

Despite the surging interest in entrepreneurship as an economic development strategy, studies of the independent relationship between proprietorship formations and job growth are virtually non-existent. We find that self-employment or proprietorship rates are associated with faster job growth in the wage-and-salary sector, and the effect is statistically significant. The relative magnitude of this effect varies with the business cycle, being stronger during economic expansions and weaker during contractions. Further, the effect is stronger in metropolitan than in non-metropolitan counties.
Speaking Falsehoods to Power: States’ Misguided Use of “Cost-of-Doing-Business” Studies in Economic Development Policy
Authors: Lugar Michael I. , Bae Suho
Published: March 2021

Economic developers at the local and state levels have increasingly used cost-of-doing-business studies to compare their jurisdictions against others. The cost of doing business is enormously difficultto demonstrate in practice because: (1) there are many different types of business costs, many of which are difficult to measure; (2) in making their location choices, businesses take into account more than direct cost differences; and (3) businesses often behave in a dynamic way and either change how they operate to accommodate cost increases or accept some high costs if there are compensating lower costs or benefit payoffs in a particular location. This paper shows that the data and methods used in typical cost-of-doing-business studies are flawed and incomplete and therefore the implications of the studies are misleading.
A Dynamic Integration Approach in Regional Input-Output and Econometric Models
Authors: Motii Bahman Brian
Published: March 2021

The methodology with which regional input-output information is incorporated into an econometric model specification has recently gained attention. Although the interdependency of a region’s inter-temporal economic sectors has been emphasized, the dynamic properties of these inter-sectoral relationships have not been fully incorporated. This paper presents an attempt to introduce the dynamic properties of inter-sectoral relationships among the economic sectors of a region. The result is a unique Dynamic Integration Approach (DIA) model that not only accounts for structural change in a region’s economy, but also is free from many of the inconsistencies and deficiencies associated with recent embedded-holistic models.
Spatial Food Stamp Program Participation Dynamics in U.S. Counties
Authors: Goetz Stephan J. , Rupasingha Anil , Zimmerman Julie N.
Published: March 2021

Understanding the factors that account for differences in food stamp expenditure dynamics over space is important not only for potentially improving public policy but also for clarifying the relative roles of factors that are and are not under the control of welfare recipients in determining their ability to move off welfare rolls. This study contributes to the literature by including a better measure of employment opportunities for welfare recipients, allowing for potential endogeneity in the unemployment rate, and by correcting for spatial dependence bias that may result from the clustering of poverty in “pockets.”
Using Spatial Econometric Techniques to Estimate Spatial Multipliers: An Assessment of Regional Economic Policy in Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Biles James J.
Published: March 2021

Although the traditional economic base model remains a useful tool for regional analysis, in a multi-region context it fails to account for feedback effects. In addition, since the model is typically applied to individual regions, formal assessment of variation in the magnitude of regional multipliers is rarely considered. These shortcomings may be addressed by using spatial econometric techniques to model the economic base relationship stochastically. In this study, I incorporate spatial effects into the traditional economic base model and find empirical evidence that economic activity in Yucatán, Mexico generates indirect impacts not only locally, but among other locations that are linked economically. These spatial multipliers may be employed to estimate the potential spillover effects of economic activity and analyze the implications of regional economic policy.
Macroeconomic Differences in Public and Private Union Density: An Analysis of U.S. State Economies
Authors: Pantuosco Louis J. , Parker Darrell , Seyfried William , Lyman Scott
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate the macroeconomic impact on U.S. state economies of differences in the percent of the employed in private sector unions and the percent of the employed in public sector unions. Using annual data from 1983 through 1996 for the 48 contiguous U.S. states, we search for contrasting impacts of private and public sector union density on state economic conditions. Four individual equations are estimated, one for each economic measure: state unemployment rates, wage inflation, productivity growth, and GSP growth. Then, tests are conducted to determine the relative difference between private and public unions. Using a fixed effects model, in each equation we find significant differences between the effects of public and private union density on labor markets and economic growth. We conclude that disaggregating union data provides some insights toward the future as public unions expand to represent a larger percentage of total union membership.
Expanding the “Region” in Regional Science: How Third World Experience Can Enrich our Research
Authors: Pandit Kavita
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses how regional science needs to focus on and consider issues in the Third World.
Communities Left Behind: Can Nonviable Places Become Smart?
Authors: Barkley David L.
Published: March 2021

Endogenous community development receives much attention as an economic development strategy for rural areas. The literature suggests that endogenous development is more likely to occur in “smart communities”-communities characterized by empowered individuals, skilled leadership, innovative institutions, social capital, and sense of place. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of “smart communities” and suggests issues for further research. Research topics suggested include defining and measuring qualitative factors associated with endogenous development, determining which qualitative factors are changeable over time, understanding the roles of history and path dependency in community development, and determining if communities “made smart’’ have better economic development experiences.
Sources of Prevailing Differences in Unemployment Rates For Selected Regional Pairs
Authors: Pantuosco Lou , Parker Darrell
Published: March 2021

This paper provides a focused examination of state fiscal policies on labor supply. To compare unemployment rates, four U.S. states and one U.S. region were matched with neighboring twins that exhibit similar labor demand relationships. In each case, a difference in unemployment rates has persisted since the early 1970s. The impact of state fiscal policies on unemployment insurance and public assistance on the differences in unemployment rates is estimated. Both fiscal packages contribute to the unemployment difference for some states.
Determinants of Rural Retail Trade: A Case Study of Illinois
Authors: Gruidl John J. , Andrianacos Dimitri
Published: March 2021

This study examines the determinants of retail trade capture in nonmetropolitain counties in Illinois using pooled time series and cross-section data from 1984 to 1989. By controlling for fixed effects, the approach avoids misspecification, while revealing trade patterns through time. The findings indicate that demand plays a central role in rural trade. However, the results suggest that structural elements (such as market access and shopping center development) are important and changing over time to the detriment of rural areas.
Superfund Taxes and Expenditures: Regional Redistributions
Authors: McNiel Douglas W. , Foshee Andrew W. , Burbee Clark R.
Published: March 2021

The expenditure side of the Superfund program has been analyzed by Barnett (1985). He found that the Environmental Protection Agency has allocated cleanup expenditures to various uncontrolled hazardous waste sites so as to minimize the actual or potential damages to society. Unfortunately, Barnett’s analysis focused solely on the expenditure allocation side of the program. The revenue side of the Superfund program has received very little attention. The principal objective of this paper is to address part of this deficiency by exploring the efficiency and equity aspects of Superfund financing arrangements with particular emphasis on the regional implications of the fund.
The Farm Economies of the Plains
Authors: Belongia Michael T. , Gilbert R. Alton
Published: March 2021

Our intentions in this paper are two-fold. First, to provide a benchmark for the severity of the debt and income problems, we offer comparisons of recent changes in economic indicators for a ten-state farmbelt region relative to those in the rest of the country. Our second objective is to offer empirical evidence on the frequently-heard assertion that the farm economy has been hostage to macroeconomic adjustments.
DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO OUTLET OF LIZINOPRIL CONTAINING MEDICAL PREPARATION ”LIZINOCOR” AND ITS ANALOGUE USING METHOD OF HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: ჩიკვილაძე თ. Chikviladze T. , ლაშაური ნ. Lashauri N. , ჯორჯიკია მ. Jorjikia M. , ჭინჭარაძე დ. Chincharadze D. , ოთარაშვილი თ. Otarashvili T. , იორამაშვილი ჰ. Ioramashvili H.
Published: March 2021

ACE Inhibitors represent the first class of anti hypertensive agents that was designed and developed on the basis of a  well-defined physiopathol ogical axis of arterial hypertension, a vascular disorder that is now becoming one of the major causes of morbidity/mortality, not only in developed societies but also in the highly populated developing countries. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, the  carboxylalkyl compounds derivated  lizinopril  is apharmaceutical  drug,    used primarily for the treatment of hypertension  (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure. Purpose of investigation was – comparison of in vitro outlet of 5 mg tablets of  ”Lizinocor” containing Lizinopril , produced by the Georgian pharmaceutical company “GMP” and its analogue ”Zestril” using method of high-performance liquid chromatography. According to the received results average percent quantity  outlet of ”lizinocor” is 97,65 %, ”Zestril” – 95, 88%;. Inclination in comparison with Zestril is 1,85 %, (norm ± 5 %). ”Lizinocor” 5 mg tablets containing Lizinopril produced by the Georgian pharmaceutical company ”GMP” are characterized by good outlet quality.
Age, Growth, and Natural Mortality of Whitebone Porgy, Calamus Leucosteus, From the Southeastern United States
Authors: Burton Michael L. , Potts Jennifer C. , Poholek Ariel , Page Jordan , Knight Dalton
Published: March 2021

Ages of whitebone porgy (Calamus leucosteus) (n = 559) from southeastern U. S. commercial and recreational fisheries from 1975 – 2017 were determined using sectioned otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming April – July (peaking in June). Ages ranged from 2 – 19 years, and the largest fish measured 513 mm TL (total length, mm). Body size relationships were: TL = 1.09 FL + 16.07 (n = 469, r2 = 0.97), FL = 0.89 TL – 6.39 (n= 469, r2 = 0.97), W = 2.8 x 10-5 TL2.91 (n = 462), and W = 6.8 x 10-5 FL2.82 (n = 417) where W is total weight (grams, g) and FL is fork length (mm). The von Bertalanffy growth equations were Lt = 365 (1 - e-0.35 (t + 1.37)) (n = 559) for all areas combined, Lt = 365 (1 - e-0.55(t + 0.00)) (n = 185) for fish from North Carolina through Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Lt = 368 (1 - e-0.25 (t + 2.51)) (n = 374) for fish from southeast Florida. Mean size-at-age was significantly different between regions for ages 4 – 9, (92% of total samples). Point estimates of natural mortality were M = 0.22 and M = 0.30 for northern- and southern-region fish, respectively, while age-specific estimates of M were 0.85 – 0.55 y-1 for ages 2– 19 for the northern region and 0.41 – 0.26 (ages 2-14) for southern region fish. This study presents updated life history parameters for whitebone porgy from the Atlantic waters off the southeastern United States.
Westerncentric in the Design of Costumes in Javanese Dance Opera in the XVIII Century
Authors: Pramutomo R. M. , Amelia Riva
Published: March 2021

The 18th century Javanese performance art has given an artistic expression of the aristocrats known as the Langendriya genre. Langendriya's performing arts are the creativity of the Yogyakarta royal aristocrats who are recognized as the prototype of Javanese opera art. The creator of the Langendriya opera is Prince of Mangkubumi, the younger brother of Sultan Hamengku Buwana VII, the seventh king of the Yogyakarta kingdom. In the process of creation, Prince of Mangkubumi was assisted by his two sons, KRT. Kertanegara and KRT. Wiraguna. Through KRT Wiraguna figure Langendriya opera fashion design gets a European touch by combining Western designs and Javanese designs. This article wants to reveal the uniqueness of the Western design model applied to the Javanese designs created by KRT Wiraguna. As a new creation, the combination of Western and Javanese works by KRT Wiraguna became phenomenal in the 18th century. This article is written using historical methods combined with ethnochoreological methods as the scientific basis for opera drama. Therefore, ethnocoreological analysis will be useful in the application of design in the form of the body of the dance opera that is presented.
Thinking better about rural wealth creation and retention
Authors: Kay David
Published: March 2021

For some decades now, the practices of eco­nomic and community development have increasingly intertwined. This has largely involved a rebalancing of the economic and community por­tions of the mix to give increasing prominence to the community side of the ledger. In their decade-and-a-half-old article, Rethinking Community Economic Development, Shaffer, Deller, and Marcouiller (2006) illustrated this in their classification of successive waves of dominant community economic develop­ment (CED) theory and practice: export base, business retention and expansion, collaboration and partnership driven, and cluster development. Shanna Ratner’s 2020 book Wealth Creation: A New Framework for Rural Economic and Community Development comes from one of the leading devel­opers and practitioners of a fifth-wave approach that is beginning to lay a legitimate claim to the respect of academics, professionals, and commu­nity members alike. In 158 pages, Ratner’s slim and accessible volume does an admirable job of summarizing a synthetic approach that is both informed by theory and steeped in decades of participant-observation and learning-by-doing. The author, often addressing the reader as “you,” as if in the training workshops she has frequently pro­vided, explicitly aims at writing for those with few degrees of separation from CED practice: “policy makers, practitioners in economic and community development, teachers, students [including under­graduates, I would specify], financers and funders…” (p. viii). . . .
Neonato pretermine con lesione epatica
Authors: Buffoni Isabella , Mallamaci Marisa , Buratti Silvia
Published: March 2021

Umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) is a common procedure performed in neonatal intensive care units. Inadvertent extravasation of parenteral nutrition (PN) into the liver parenchyma causing a fluid collection defined as TPN-oma is a well-known complication due to malpositioned UVC. The paper reports the case of a preterm female infant born at 30 weeks gestational age with a hepatic lesion containing PN fluid, successfully treated with ultrasound-guided aspiration.
Aplicación de Isótopos estables e hidroquímica para la comprensión del sistema hidrológico en Laguna de Tiscapa. Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Barberena-Moncada Javier , Hurtado-García Iris , Sirias-Silva Marlon
Published: March 2021

Isótopos estables (Deuterio y Oxígeno 18) e hidroquímica fueron utilizados como trazadores para determinar el origen del agua en el cráter de la Laguna de Tiscapa y sus interacciones con el agua subterránea y Lago Xolotlán, para esto se utilizaron 253 resultados de isótopos estables y 56 resultados hidroquímicos de las fuentes: precipitación, agua subterránea, Laguna de Tiscapa y Lago Xolotlán. Los isótopos estables indican que Laguna de Tiscapa es recargada en zona oeste por agua subterránea donde hay una composición media de -7‰ en δ18O, los procesos de evaporación en laguna hacen que tenga una composición media de -5.4‰ en δ18O, reflejando este aporte de Laguna de Tiscapa zona noreste del agua subterránea con enriquecimiento de -6‰ en δ18O. La composición hidroquímica en Laguna de Tiscapa tiene común relación con el agua subterránea donde rigen los procesos de disolución de material geológico y no el meteórico, esta disolución hace predominen los iones HCO-3, Ca+2, Na+, Mg+2. Los procesos de disolución se dan principalmente por la presencia de silicatos seguidos de calcitas, que es característico de la composición del acuífero Las Sierras. Se puede descartar aporte de agua del Lago Xolotán a Laguna de Tiscapa, puesto que este presenta una composición isotópica altamente enriquecido, a lo que se suma los procesos de salinización que experimenta este cuerpo de agua.
Tendencias manifestadas por la evolución histórica de la Disciplina Principal Integradora (DPI) de la Licenciatura en Educación Construcción
Authors: Zaragoza Morales Nurbia Ivia , Cruz Cabezas Miguel Alejandro , Alonso Betancourt Luis Aníbal
Published: March 2021

La carrera Licenciatura en Educación Construcción como parte del proceso de perfeccionamiento de la formación continua de los profesionales en la Educación Superior en Cuba, reconoce la Disciplina Principal Integradora como la rectora del proceso de formación del profesional de perfil amplio, por cuanto manifiesta potencialidades educativas de transcendencia que promueven la formación laboral. La presente investigación surge por la necesidad de resolver las insuficiencias que presenta esta disciplina, que limita la formación laboral de los estudiantes en su desempeño, a partir de determinar las tendencias que ha manifestado esta disciplina en su evolución histórica. Los métodos esenciales que se emplearon son el análisis-síntesis, la inducción-deducción, la revisión de documentos y la observación científica, los que permitieron determinaron las tendencias históricas manifestadas de dicha disciplina. Los autores proponen la evolución histórica que ha tenido la Disciplina Principal Integradora para la formación laboral del Licenciado en Educación Construcción, a partir de un grupo de criterios que permitieron delimitar tres etapas que demarcan el tránsito de la carrera por los diferentes planes de estudio. El presente trabajo responde al proyecto institucional Perfeccionamiento de la didáctica de las ciencias técnicas de las carreras de Ingeniería Civil y Licenciatura en Educación Construcción.
Proceso de caracterización psicopedagógica en la formación inicial de docentes de la educación técnica profesional
Authors: Surí Leyva Gloria María , Sánchez Figueredo Rigoberto Pastor
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación analiza las insuficiencias en la caracterización psicopedagógica que se realiza a los docentes en formación de la Educación Técnica Profesional, que están dadas fundamentalmente por el pobre aprovechamiento de las posibilidades que brinda el “Proceso Pedagógico Profesional”, para ello y por el desconocimiento del colectivo de profesores para procesar e integrar la información obtenida a través de métodos tradicionales y las resuelve con la utilización de tareas integradoras como instrumento para desarrollar el diseño de una metodología con orientaciones generales que ofrecen precisión, objetividad y funcionalidad en sus resultados, permitiéndole al docente desde su escenario cotidiano aprovechar las potencialidades que este le ofrece sin tener que emplear “métodos y técnicas” sofisticados que no siempre están a su alcance. Con estas tareas integradoras propuestas se ofrecen posibilidades de enriquecimiento y contextualización constante para cada escenario según las necesidades y los resultados de la validación realizada con profesores guías, los posibles usuarios de la misma ofrecen evidencias positivas para su aplicación.
La preparación de los docentes en la formación vocacional pedagógica
Authors: Guzmán Méndez Riselda , Soñora Revoredo Humberto , Arnaiz Ramos María De los A. , Pérez Piedra Yindira
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación está encaminada a la preparación de los docentes para el logro de la formación vocacional pedagógica, los autores tomando como base los trabajos realizados por destacados exponentes de la Pedagogía cubana, elabora la fundamentación teórica, enfatizando en el proceso pedagógico, la motivación, intereses y conocimientos acerca de la profesión, así como las etapas de la formación vocacional y las concepciones fundamentales de la preparación del docente. Se utilizan métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos estadísticos, que posibilitan la constatación del problema en el nivel de desarrollo de la formación vocacional pedagógica. Para contribuir a la solución del problema se propone un sistema de actividades, que es valorado de muy adecuado por los especialistas. La concepción de las actividades diseñadas, constituye la novedad de esta investigación, pues son una vía eficaz para desarrollar el nivel de preparación profesional y por tanto fortalecer la formación vocacional pedagógica la significación práctica de la investigación desarrollada, se ratifica con los resultados obtenidos.
Pomade Production from the Metallic Soaps of Telfairia occidentalis Seed Oil
Authors: Udoh Anthony P. , Udoekpo Imeobong U. , Inam Edu J.
Published: March 2021

Mature fruits of Telfairia occidentalis were purchased from a local market in Ikono Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The seeds were separated from the fleshy mesocarp, washed with water and sundried. The cotyledons were separated from the seed coat and then oven-dried at 105 – 110 °C for 24 hours. The dry seeds were blended into powder and the oil cold-extracted with n-hexane. The oil extracted was used to prepare copper, nickel and zinc soaps. The soaps were characterised using standard methods and then applied as additives in the production of body pomades. Several tests were performed on the control and the metallic soap pomades to establish the effectiveness of the metallic soaps in pomade production. All the prepared metallic soaps were sparingly soluble in kerosene and methanol and exhibited no foaming characteristics. The properties of the pomades imply that the metallic soaps of T. occidentalis have good potential in the cosmetics industry.
Lehmann Type II Frechet Poisson Distribution: Properties, Inference and Applications as a Life Time Distribution
Authors: Ogunde Adebisi Ade , Olalude Gbenga Adelekan , Adeniji Oyebimpe Emmanuel , Balogun Kayode
Published: March 2021

A new generalization of the Frechet distribution called Lehmann Type II Frechet Poisson distribution is defined and studied. Various structural mathematical properties of the proposed model including ordinary moments, incomplete moments, generating functions, order statistics, Renyi entropy, stochastic ordering, Bonferroni and Lorenz curve, mean and median deviation, stress-strength parameter are investigated. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. We examine the performance of the maximum likelihood method by means of a numerical simulation study. The new distribution is applied for modeling three real data sets to illustrate empirically its flexibility and tractability in modeling life time data.
Usinas de reciclagem de entulho e os entraves existentes no setor da construção civil: uma pesquisa exploratória
Authors: Filho João Alexandre Paschoalin , Frasson Sueli Aparecida , Camelo Diego Gonçalves , Conti Diego de Melo , Philippi Cortese Tatiana Tucunduva
Published: March 2021

Com o objetivo de reciclar resíduos de obras, as Usinas de Reciclagem de Entulho (URE) reduzem o impacto ambiental da indústria da construção civil. Assim, este artigo discute o papel das URE na promoção de variáveis ambientais na gestão de resíduos de construção. Para isso, utilizou-se metodologia de estudo de caso em sete URE localizadas na região de São Paulo, além de entrevistas com gestores das usinas. O presidente da Associação Brasileira de Reciclagem de Resíduos da Construção Civil e Demolição e engenheiros experientes em obras civis também foram entrevistados. Conclui-se que as URE têm potencial para promover a inserção de variáveis ambientais no setor de construção civil, porém, existem muitas barreiras. Estas incluem a falta de programas de qualidade para agregados reciclados, o uso de métodos de produção ineficientes, baixa qualificação de mão-de-obra, falta de esclarecimentos ao mercado e ausência de leis que incentivem o uso de resíduos.
Los efectos de la deuda y la restricción financiera en el comportamiento de la inversión de las empresas brasileñas no financieras cotizadas en B3
Authors: Jesuka Duterval , Pereira Vinicius Silva , Penedo Antonio Sergio Torres
Published: March 2021

Este estudio investigó el impacto de las restricciones financieras sobre la relación entre el comportamiento de inversión y las decisiones de endeudamiento de las empresas brasileñas cotizadas B3. Se utilizó una regresión lineal con datos de panel en una muestra de 536 empresas que cotizaron en el período de 2010 a 2017. El tamaño de la empresa, la deuda a largo y corto plazo y la estructura de la propiedad se consideraron como variables de restricción financiera. Se encontró que, en Brasil las grandes empresas y privadas, poseen mayor proporción de activos, tienen menores restricciones para endeudarse, y aun así, deciden sobre sus inversiones basándose en la oportunidad de crecimiento y en sus capacidades de generar flujo de caja. Mientras tanto, las empresas pequeñas, con una pequeña deuda bancaria a largo plazo y las estatales encuentran más restricciones financieras, en consecuencia, sólo invierten a partir de flujos de caja generados.
Otimização utilizando a heurística das p-medianas para identificar locais para instalação de institutos federais no estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Silva Silvio Aparecido da , Konrath Andréa Cristina , Bornia Antônio Cezar
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é aplicar uma heurística para localização de p-medianas, no sentido de identificar os melhores locais para instalação de Institutos Federais no estado de Santa Catarina, de maneira a minimizar custos com transporte. Foram utilizados três cenários: o primeiro considera a população do estado de Santa Catarina, enquanto o segundo, o número de alunos que completaram o Ensino Fundamental e o Ensino Médio. Já o terceiro cenário considera a taxa de analfabetismo. A otimização foi feita por meio da heurística de Teitz e Bart das p-medianas. A heurística Teiz e Bart demonstrou ser uma excelente aproximação para o problema das p-medianas e apresentou um excelente resultado para tomada de decisão na administração pública.
Agricultura familiar: viabilidade econômico-financeira na produção de morangos e manjericões
Authors: Vergara Walter Roberto , Yamanari Juliana Suemi , Almeida Jessyca Nayara Pires , Akieda Mariana Keiko
Published: March 2021

A pesquisa tem como finalidade analisar a viabilidade de cultivar morangos semi-hidropônicos e manjericões hidropônicos em uma propriedade da agricultura familiar próxima ao município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. O cultivo da terra realizado por pequenos produtores rurais fomenta o desenvolvimento econômico e social por meio da geração de renda e emprego. Dessa forma realizou-se um estudo exploratório com uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa de caráter descritiva com aplicação de questionários. A pesquisa de mercado, a descrição do processo, a elaboração e análise dos fluxos de caixa complementaram o estudo. Para análise da viabilidade econômica foram utilizadas a análise de custos e as ferramentas relevantes como o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), o Payback (PB), o índice de Custo-Benefício (C/B) e o Retorno adicional sobre o investimento (ROIA) como medidas de risco. Os resultados mostraram que o projeto é viável em propriedades de agricultura familiar.
Etica si integritate academica. Provocari pentru organizatiile secolului XXI
Authors: Dumitrascu Vadim
Published: March 2021

Obiectivul central al eticii se refera la formularea criteriilor pe baza carora este posibila incadrarea certa a actelor umane in una din cele trei categorii susmentionate. Cu alte cuvinte, etica se intereseaza in primul rand de modurile in care putem deosebi ceea ce este moral de ceea ce nu este sau, mai exact, cum putem face diferenta intre ceea ce este moralmente corect si ceea ce este incorect. Asadar, etica incearca sa formuleze raspunsuri la intrebari fundamentale, cum ar fi „Ce actiuni sunt bune in sine?”, „Cum arata un om virtuos?”, „Ce datorii morale avem?” etc. Domeniul eticii este mult mai extins ca cel al religiei sau legalitatii, multe dintre regulile morale nefiind prinse in preceptele religioase sau codurile juridice(...).
Von Rabenväter und Übermüttern
Authors: Fritz Natalie
Published: March 2021

Die Familie ist keine konfliktfreie Zone, sondern ein Ort, an dem Generationen und ihre jeweiligen Weltsichten aufeinanderprallen, an dem Genderrollen erlernt, vielleicht auch hinterfragt werden, an dem Werte und Normen vermittelt und soziale Kompetenzen trainiert werden. Es ist der Bereich, in dem Individuen primär sozialisiert werden, ein Mikrokosmos, in dem man allmählich für das «Leben draußen» vorbereitet wird.

Diese Untersuchung möchte aus der Perspektive einer kulturwissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Religionswissenschaft intermediale Tradierungsprozesse am Beispiel des christlich konnotierten Motivs der Heiligen Familie im zeitgenössischen Arthouse-Film beleuchten. Anhand eines spezifischen Filmkorpus werden die Etappen der intermedialen Überlieferung dieses religionshistorischen Motivs vom 16. Jahrhundert bis heute rekonstruiert und Überlegungen in Bezug auf die damit verbundenen Bedeutungszuweisungen außerhalb der religiösen Tradition angestellt. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf drei Filmemacher: Susanne Bier, François Ozon und Pedro Almodóvar.

Besprochene Filme: SITCOM (F 1998), RICKY (F 2009), TODO SOBRE MI MADRE (ALLES ÜBER MEINE MUTTER, E/F 1999), VOLVER (VOLVER – ZURÜCKKEHREN, E 2006), BRØDRE (BROTHERS – ZWISCHEN BRÜDERN, DK 2004) und EFTER BRYLLUPPET (NACH DER HOCHZEIT, DK/S 2006)
The Key Role of the Phosphatase PP2A in the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Marco Javier , Peris Irene , Vicente Carmen , Arriazu Elena
Published: March 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant disorder of hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized by the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic mutations. Despite the progressive understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of the disease, the survival rate of patients older than 60 years old remains poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment strategy for those patients in order to beat the disease and improve life quality. Reversible phosphorylation has been widely studied over the last years, and the deregulation of kinases and phosphatase have been verified to have a huge impact in leukemogenesis. Inactivation of the tumor-suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is frequent in AML patients, constituting a promising target for cancer therapy. There are several PP2A inactivation mechanisms. However, overexpression of SET or cancerous inhibitors of PP2A, both endogenous inhibitors of PP2A, are recurrent events in AML patients, leading to the inactivation of the phosphatase PP2A. Preclinical studies show that PP2A reactivation using PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) manage to stop the development of the disease, and its combination with conventional chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have a synergistic cytotoxic effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that specifically activation of PP2A subunits, target crucial pathogenic drivers, increasing the efficacy of conventional treatments and opening new possibilities for personalized treatment in AML patients, especially in cases of PP2A deregulation. Here, we review the role of PP2A in AML as well as its drugable options.
Guide for Organising a Community Clean-up Campaign
Authors: Rangeti Innocent , Dzwairo Bloodless
Published: March 2021

While it is the government’s and municipality’s mandate to ensure that its citizens stay in a clean and safe environment, it is of concern that waste management remains a big challenge in urban areas especially in developing countries. Increased economic development, rapid population growth and improvement of living standards are among the factors attributed to increased quantity and complexity of solid waste being generated. On the other hand, while people generate wastes, they continue to be looked at as passive recipients of municipality services. Ultimately, citizens fail to recognise their role in waste management and become unwilling to either pay for service delivery or participate in clean-up campaigns. Waste dumps are prime breeding sites for communicable disease vectors such as rodents, mosquitoes and houseflies, which can exacerbate the prevalence of water, food and waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid. This chapter thus describes the methodology of successfully conducting a community-led cleanup campaign. It is based on experience gained during implementation of an urban water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) project. Ward level clean-up campaigns were organised and conducted by community members and local leaders. Besides clearing illegal dumpsites, the activity was also used to raise awareness on the consequence of waste dumping. The experience showed that organising a clean-up campaign only requires careful timeous planning. Overall, it was concluded that not only does the activity serve the practical purpose of cleaning, but it also creates a greater sense of unity and friendship among community members. Additionally, the power of beautification in a clean-up campaign wold naturally motivate residents to believe that their problems could be solved, resulting in a shared responsibility for sustainable management of waste and commons at local level.
Preparation of Functionalized Hydroxyapatite with Biopolymers as Efficient Adsorbents of Methylene Blue
Authors: Agougui Hassen , Guesmi Youssef , Jabli Mahjoub
Published: March 2021

In this study, we reported the synthesis of hydroxyapatite modified with biopolymers as λ-carrageenan and sodium alginate, which could be used as effective adsorbents of cationic dyes. Evidence of chemical modification was proved through chemical analysis, Fourier Trans-form Infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area. The adsorption process was studied using methylene blue as representative cationic dye. The adsorbed quantity reached, at equilibrium, 142.85 mg/g and 98.23 mg/g using hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite-(λ-carrageenan), respectively. However, it does not exceed 58.8 mg/g in the case of the unmodified hydroxyapatite. The adsorption of methylene blue using hybrid materials complied well with the pseudo-second-order suggesting a chemi-sorption. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm described well the adsorption mechanism of the hydroxyapatite-(λ-carrageenan) and hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate, respectively. The high capacities of MB removal obtained in this study suggest the potential use of these materials in the treatment from wastewaters.
Clinical Usage of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: M. Patel Niral , I. Musani Ali
Published: March 2021

This chapter will provide a brief overview of the fundamentals of photodynamic therapy with an emphasis on its use in a clinical setting. Beginning with the history and fundamental science underlying photodynamic therapy and delving into clinical uses. There will be a primary focus on understanding the use of photodynamic therapy under currently approved clinical indications along with their limitations. There are a number of approved therapeutic indications for photodynamic therapy, but there are important limitations and contraindications when applying this therapy. Photodynamic therapy, as applied to the clinical treatment of cancer will be the primary focus with further emphasis on endoluminal and specifically endobronchial cancer as the primary case study.
Geriatric Anemia
Authors: Kaur Rana Manjit , Pal Singh Rana Amrit
Published: March 2021

Anemia is growing in importance as a public health issue and a biomedical research priority in the geriatric age group but data on the causes and prevalence is not substantial. World health organization (WHO) has defined anemia as hemoglobin concentration (Hb %) below 12 g/dL in women and below 13 g/dL in men. Although it was previously believed that decline in Hb levels might be a normal consequence of aging, later suggested that anemia does reflect underlying poor health and makes elders vulnerable to adverse outcomes. Geriatric anemia has been found to be prevalent in up to 21.1% of patients in Europe and 11.0% of men and 10.2% of women of 65 years and older in the US. There is little literature that explores the various causes of anemia and its association with socio-demographic profile with underlying diseases, hence lesser research has led anemia to go undiagnosed and untreated.
Recent Trends in Development of Metal Nitride Nanocatalysts for Water Electrolysis Application
Authors: Sudhir Kumar Sinha Akhoury , Ojha Umaprasana
Published: March 2021

Nanocatalysts for sustainable water electrolysis is strongly desirable to promote the commercialization of H2 as the alternate clean energy source for the future. The goal is cheaper hydrogen production from sea and low grade water by minimizing the energy consumption and using low cost cell components & non-noble metal catalysts. The conductivity of metal nitrides and their ability to carry out Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction at relatively low overpotential render these one of the frontline candidates to be potentially utilized as the catalyst for low cost H2 production via electrolysis. In this chapter, the potential of metal nitride catalyst towards fulfilling the above objective is discussed. The synthesis of various metal nitride catalysts, their efficiency towards electrode half reactions and the effectiveness of these class of nanocatalyst for electrolysis of sea water is elaborated. A review of recent literature with special reference to the catalyst systems based on non-noble metals will be provided to assess the likelihood of these nanocatalyst to serve as a commercial grade electrode material for sea water electrolysis.
Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Indigenous Target Probiotic Yeast: Linking the Manipulation of Gut Microbiota and Performance in Animals
Authors: Ghazanfar Shakira
Published: March 2021

The gut associated microbiota of animal plays crucial rule in the conversion to accessible nutrients for improve animal health and well-beings. Probiotic yeast (PY) is commonly use to manipulate the gut microbial balance by inhibits the disease-causing microbes and increase the number and function of desirable microbes. PY produce many fermentation metabolites, intercellular effectors, minerals and enzymes that make it an idea nutritive feed supplement for ruminants. The mode of action of the PY is depends on the animal biological inheritance, breed, managemental condition and microbial feeding type. Therefore, PY must formulate using same ecological origin, alone with desirable target; as it would be more compatible with gut ecoysytem and would yield maximum outputs as compare to non-target or foreign probiotic (FP). Therefore, for development of the Indigenous Target Probiotic (ITP), the isolation source must be same ecological region with desirable target like improve animal health and productivity. In the situation of the increase food storage around the world, ITP may provide a useful feed supplements to improve the food production in cost effective manner as compare to FP. Probiotic effectiveness is considered to be population/breed/target specific due to difference in the feed intake, change gut microflora, different food habits and different host-microbial interactions. In this chapter, we will highlight the preparation of the ITP yeast and its mode of action on animal gut microbiota.
IMPATT Diodes Based on GaAs for Millimeter Wave Applications with Reference to Si
Authors: Pradhan Janmejaya , Ranjan Pattanaik Satya
Published: March 2021

The small signal characteristics of DDR IMPATTs based on GaAs designed to operate at mm-wave window frequencies such as 94, 140, and 220 GHz are presented in this chapter. Both the DC and Small signal performance of the above-mentioned devices are investigated by using a small signal simulation technique developed by the authors. The efficiency, output power and power density of GaAs IMPATT is higher than that of Si IMPATT. Results show that the DDR IMPATTs based on GaAs are most suitable for generation of RF power with maximum conversion efficiency up to 220 GHz. The noise behavior of GaAs IMPATT yield less noise as compared to Si IMPATT.
Trends in Sample Preparation for Proteome Analysis
Authors: Faktor Jakub , R. Goodlett David , Dapic Irena
Published: March 2021

Sample preparation is a key step in proteomics, however there is no consensus in the community about the standard method for preparation of proteins from clinical samples like tissues or biofluids. In this chapter, we will discuss some important steps in sample preparation used for bottom-up proteome profiling with mass spectrometry (MS). Specifically, tissues, which are an important source of biological information, are of interest because of their availability. Tissues are most often stored as fresh frozen (FF) or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE). While FF tissues are more readily available, paraffin embedding has historically been routinely used for tissue preservation. However, formaldehyde induced crosslinks during FFPE tissue preservation present a challenge to the protocols used for protein retrieval. Moreover, in our view, an important aspect to consider is also the amount of material available at the start of a protocol since this is directly related to the choice of protocol in order to minimize sample loss and maximize detection of peptides by MS. This “MS sensitivity” is of special importance when working with patient samples that are unique and often available in limited amounts making optimization of methods to analyze the proteins therein important given that their molecular information can be used in a patients’ diagnosis and treatment.
Effects of Demographic Characteristics for Farmers’ to Climate Change in Bunkure, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Halliru Salisu , Abdullahi Bichi Abubakar , Shu’aibu Muhammad Aliyu
Published: March 2021

This study examine the effects of demographic characteristics on farmers’ level of awareness to climate change in Bunkure, Nigeria. The study hypothesized that, there is no significant relationship between farmers’ demographic characteristics and level of awareness to climate change. Survey design approach was adopted using primary data source. A total of three hundred and fourty-seven (347) farmers were selected purposively. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA. The study revealed that majority of the farmers in the area are males that fall within the active age bracket due. However, the study concluded that the greater the size of the household the greater the chances of being engaged in farming and more aware on climate change effects. It was revealed that those that attend tertiary education do not participate in farming activities. Also large number of the respondents were aware that climate is changing through the educative programmes of mass media. The study recommended that, adequate support should be given to female to participate in all agricultural activities. Educated persons should be encourage to participate more on agriculture. More emphasis on dissemination of climate change issues on adaptation strategies through the mass media is also highly needed.
Immune Checkpoints as a Novel Source for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Celiac Disease
Authors: Torres Isabel , Ángel López Casado Miguel , Palomeque Teresa , Lorite Pedro
Published: March 2021

Celiac disease, as an autoimmune disorder, is a disease which appears in sensing and immune reaction responses to gluten. It has been confirmed that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. CD is strongly associated with the HLA alleles DQB1*02 (serological DQ2) or DQB1*0302 (serological DQ8). These HLA alleles are necessary but not sufficient for the development of CD and non-HLA risk genes also contribute to disease susceptibility. Several studies have identified linkage or association of CD with the 2q33 locus, a region harboring the candidate genes CD28, CTLA4 and ICOS, important immune checkpoints regulators of T-cell activity. Immune checkpoints are crucial to maintain self-tolerance and protect self-tissue from damage during an ongoing immune response.