bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional structural analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma nuclei with serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM)
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Ohno Nobuhiko , Oishi Naoki , Mochizuki Kunio , Katoh Ryohei , Kondo Tetsuo
Published: May 2023

Nuclear morphology of carcinoma cells is critical for the pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, three‐dimensional architecture of PTC nuclei is still elusive. In this study, we analyzed the three‐dimensional ultrastructure of PTC nuclei using serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy which takes advantage of the high‐throughput acquisition of serial electron microscopic images and three‐dimensional reconstruction of subcellular structures. En bloc‐stained and resin‐embedded specimens were prepared from surgically removed PTCs and normal thyroid tissues. We acquired two‐dimensional images from serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy and reconstructed three‐dimensional nuclear structures. Quantitative comparisons showed that the nuclei of carcinoma cells were larger and more complex than those of normal follicular cells. The three‐dimensional reconstruction of carcinoma nuclei divided intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions into “open intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions” connecting to cytoplasm outside the nucleus and “closed intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions” without that connection. Cytoplasm with abundant organelles was observed in open inclusions, but closed inclusions contained fewer organelles with or without degeneration. Granules with a dense core were only observed in closed inclusions. Our observations suggested that open inclusions originate from nuclear invaginations, and disconnection from cytoplasm leads to closed inclusions.
Time of day of leaf wounding determines plant biomass and affects the interplay between growth and defence in Brassica crops
Authors: Francisco M. , Doghri M. , Rodríguez V. M.
Published: May 2023

Recent discoveries pointed out the importance of the mutual correlation between timing of environmental stress and plant fitness. However, the internal reshaping of plant growth under daily stress sensing, and their metabolic coordination remain to be investigated. Thus, we studied the connection between time of day, growth and defence to understand how plant fitness is affected by diurnal stress inputs.

We examined if simulated herbivory (leaf wounding) in the morning, at midday or the evening differentially influence plant defence state vs growth in three crop species of Brassica: broccoli (Brassica oleraceae), turnip greens (B. rapa) and rapeseed (B. napus).

The data revealed that plant's tolerance of wounding stress is diurnally regulated in Brassica crops. Trade‐offs between biomass and investment in glucosinolates (GSL) and phenolics were affected by timing of leaf stress. Negative correlations between biomass and induction of defence compounds were found for plants treeated in the morning and evening. However, the correlations were positive for midday treatment. Interestingly, we revealed a new connection between plant growth and changes in aliphatic GSLs and flavonoids in response to wounding.

These data suggest that metabolic stress‐dependent circadian oscillations in leaf defences could be one mechanism conferring a competitive advantage to plants to anticipate daily environmental variations by synchronizing them with growth. Moreover, this work provides first insights into how secondary metabolites are linked to growth response in a timing‐related manner.
Operationalizing social equity in public policy design: A comparative analysis of solar equity policies in the United States
Authors: Zhou Shan , Gao Xue , Wellstead Adam M. , Kim Dong Min
Published: May 2023

While it is widely recognized that energy injustices are prevalent in the clean energy transition process, there has been limited research attention on policy efforts aiming to mitigate these inequities. In this paper, we use solar equity policies as an empirical case study to understand how social equity considerations are conceptualized and operationalized in energy policy content. We build upon the policy design literature and code institutional statements of 54 solar equity policies adopted between 2001 and 2021 in the United States. In our comparative analysis, we focus on three levels of policy design elements that can be directly observed in written policy language: macro‐policy goal construction, meso‐policy instrument choices, and micro‐level policy settings and calibrations. We find that the policy goal of energy justice is multifaceted, with a great emphasis on solar energy accessibility and provision of economic benefits and security for disadvantaged communities. There is a dominant preference by policymakers to use redistributive policies and community solar programs to advance energy justice‐related goals. Solar equity policy instruments on‐the‐ground measures have also been calibrated to target specific disadvantaged populations in the energy system, which focus mostly on income‐based vulnerability.
The association between the interaction of migration background and physical activity with loneliness in middle‐aged and older adults living in Germany
Authors: Baumbach Linda , Barth Lena , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André
Published: May 2023

Background

Reduced physical activity and having a migration background are both associated with higher loneliness; however, the moderating role of migration background in the association between loneliness and physical activity remains largely unknown.

Methods

We used cross‐sectional data from the sixth wave (year 2017) of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS). Loneliness was measured using the De Jong Gierveld tool and physical activity was dichotomised into either of the following (i.e., at least 150 min of moderate physical activity per week) or not following physical activity recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). For evaluation of the associations we applied adjusted linear regression models with robust standard errors.

Results

We included 6257 (average age = 67 years, 50% female) and 285 (average age = 63 years, 51% female) participants without and with migration background, respectively. In multiple linear regressions both migration background (ß = 0.13, P = 0.001), as well as not following the WHO physical activity recommendations (ß = 0.06, P < 0.001) were associated with increased loneliness. Moreover, the respective interaction term reached statistical significance (ß = −0.27, P = 0.013). Participants with migration background have a more pronounced association between following the WHO physical activity recommendations and reduced loneliness compared to participants without migration background.

Conclusion

Among middle‐aged and older individuals, those with migration background benefit to a larger extent from following physical activity recommendations than the population without migration background regarding loneliness. Thus, motivating individuals with migration background to follow the WHO physical activity guidelines could particularly assist in reducing loneliness.
Reaction time as a libido indicator and its relation to pre‐freeze and post‐thaw sperm quality in bulls
Authors: Korkmaz Fırat , Baştan İlktan , Şahin Derya , Şimşek Seher , Kaya Ufuk , Satılmış Muharrem
Published: May 2023

Libido and sperm quality output relationship is already not clear in farm animals. The present study compared reaction time (RT) as a libido indicator and the pre‐freeze and post‐thaw sperm quality of AI bulls. Before the collection of ejaculates (n = 53, from 22 AI bulls [4.2 ± 1 years of age]), RTs were collected using a chronometer as the interval between the bull's arrival at the semen collection area and his first false mount (FM) on another male. The ejaculates were examined for their volume, concentration and motility. Subsequently, all aliquots were diluted with a commercial semen extender and equilibrated for 3 h before freezing. Frozen semen samples were thawed and examined for sperm kinematics using CASA, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm (PMAI) by flow cytometry. Additionally, the temperature humidity index (THI) values were assessed during the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that THI had a significant effect on libido (p < .001). However, libido had no effect on either pre‐ or post‐thaw sperm quality parameters except for the velocity of the average pathway (VAP) (p < .05). Therefore, relying solely on RT –libido‐ as an indicator of bull sperm quality at AI stations may not be reliable, as it is a complex behavioural assessment.
Orbitally‐driven Palaeogene to Neogene deposition in the western South Atlantic (Espírito Santo Basin) and its correlation with global sea level
Authors: Santos Thiago P. , Lisboa Luana P. , Carreira Victor , Bione Fellippe R. A. , Venancio Igor M. , Bernardes Marcelo C. , Belem Andre L. , Díaz Rut A. , Moreira Manuel , Lopes Alexandre A. O. , Santos Tulio L. , Souza Igor V. , Spigolon André L. D. , Albuquerque Ana Luiza S.
Published: May 2023

Over the last 66 million years, Earth has undergone dramatic climate changes, shifting from a warm greenhouse to the more recent cold icehouse with polar ice caps in both hemispheres. Geological records show that the transition between these equilibrium states caused significant long‐term eustatic sea‐level and atmospheric CO2 decline paced by external orbital motions. Such eustatic variability influenced the stacking pattern of sedimentary successions, generating cyclic sequence boundaries that may be globally correlated. However, the impact of such oscillation along the Brazilian margin is largely unknown. This study used the natural gamma‐ray log from a well (ES‐2) at the offshore Espírito Santos Basin (western South Atlantic) measured between late‐Palaeocene and late‐Miocene. Null hypothesis tests ‐ evolutionary Average Spectral Misfit and Correlation Coefficient of no orbital modulation ‐ were executed to confirm the influence of astronomical parameters. The evolutionary Time Optimization algorithm was used to extract the sedimentation rate and depositional time. The anchored timescale shows a chronological interval placed between 58.97 and 7.72 ± 0.1 Ma (mid‐Thanetian – late Tortonian), mostly influenced by long‐eccentricity and short‐eccentricity (405 kyr and ca 100 kyr, respectively) and obliquity (ca 40 kyr) and their respective amplitude modulations (ca 2.4 Myr and 1.2 Myr). Applying the Integrated Prediction Error Filter Analysis and a high‐resolution age model, this study identified main depositional trends through time and correlated them to global sea‐level change. The correlation indicates that several intervals of global sea‐level reduction agree with a regressive trend at the ES‐2 site, but this relation is affected during enhanced regional tectonic activity intervals, as related to the emplacement of the Abrolhos Archipelago. The strategy adopted here is a way to join cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, and promotes high‐resolution local‐to‐global correlation by identifying key stratigraphic surfaces. This will be relevant for palaeoclimatic studies and the geoscientific industry.
Pitfalls of amateur regression: The Dutch New Herring controversies
Authors: Gao Fengnan , Gill Richard D.
Published: May 2023

Applying simple linear regression models, an economist analyzed a published dataset from an influential annual ranking in 2016 and 2017 of consumer outlets for Dutch New Herring and concluded that the ranking was manipulated. His finding was promoted by his university in national and international media, and this led to public outrage and ensuing discontinuation of the survey. We reconstitute the dataset, correcting errors and exposing features already important in a descriptive analysis of the data. The economist has continued his investigations, and in a follow‐up publication repeats the same accusations. We point out errors in his reasoning and show that alleged evidence for deliberate manipulation of the ranking could easily be an artifact of specification errors. Temporal and spatial factors are both important and complex, and their effects cannot be captured using simple models, given the small sample sizes and many factors determining perceived taste of a food product.
Following residential segregation by race spatiotemporally: A search for causality
Authors: Kim Sung‐Geun
Published: May 2023

Objective

The study tried to test three existing explanations on residential segregation through spatiotemporal modeling: (1) spatial assimilation, (2) racial prejudice and discrimination, and (3) residential preferences. Since residential segregation is fundamentally a spatial and longitudinal phenomenon, the analysis is expected to provide a fresh perspective on residential segregation.

Method

The study used a spatiotemporal modeling through integrated nested Laplace approximation, which is a Bayesian approach to very complex regression modeling, and the data came from the American Community Survey data from 2005 to 2019 at two different spatial levels—Public Use Microdata Area and census tracts.

Results

The findings of this study showed that: (1) socioeconomic variables, including income, unemployment, and poverty, have meaningful impacts; (2) housing‐related variables do exert a significant impact on black household concentration; (3) the ratio of Asian and Hispanic populations turns out to be important predictors in a negative direction; and (4) even with the predictors, the non‐trivial temporal and spatiotemporal effects are discovered.

Conclusion

The study reveals that a reductionist approach to residential segregation is unlikely to offer meaningful insights into the problem and that proper understanding is possible only when careful consideration of the spatiotemporal context is taken, including the spatial level.
UAV‐based time‐series phenotyping reveals the genetic basis of plant height in upland cotton
Authors: Ye Yulu , Wang Peilin , Zhang Man , Abbas Mubashir , Zhang Jiaxin , Liang Chengzhen , Wang Yuan , Wei Yunxiao , Meng Zhigang , Zhang Rui
Published: May 2023

Plant height (PH) is an important agronomic trait affecting crop architecture, biomass, resistance to lodging and mechanical harvesting. Elucidating the genetic governance of plant height is crucial because of the global demand for high crop yields. However, during the rapid growth period of plants the PH changes a lot on a daily basis, which makes it difficult to accurately phenotype the trait by hand on a large scale. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based remote‐sensing phenotyping platform was applied to obtain time‐series PHs of 320 upland cotton accessions in three different field trials. The results showed that the PHs obtained from UAV images were significantly correlated with ground‐based manual measurements, for three trials (R2 = 0.96, 0.95 and 0.96). Two genetic loci on chromosomes A01 and A11 associated with PH were identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). GhUBP15 and GhCUL1 were identified to influence PH in further analysis. We obtained a time series of PH values for three field conditions based on remote sensing with UAV. The key genes identified in this study are of great value for the breeding of ideal plant architecture in cotton.
Outcomes and complications of a modified tibial tuberosity transposition technique in the treatment of medial patellar luxation in dogs
Authors: Cortina Brittany L. , Terreros Alex , Daye R. Mark
Published: May 2023

Objective

To report a modification of the tibial tuberosity transposition (m‐TTT) technique used to treat medial patellar luxation (MPL) in dogs, and report its complications.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Sample population

Dogs (n = 235) undergoing MPL correction, using m‐TTT (n = 300 stifles).

Methods

Medical records and client surveys were reviewed to determine complications associated with this technique and they were compared with previously reported complications using similar techniques.

Results

Short‐term minor complications included low‐grade reluxation (11 stifles, 3.6%), incisional seroma (nine stifles, 3%), pin‐associated swelling (seven stifles, 2.3%), patellar desmitis (six stifles, 2%), superficial incisional infection (four stifles, 1.3%), pin migration (three stifles, 1%), tibial tuberosity (TT) fracture (two stifles, 0.6%), tibial tuberosity displacement and patella alta (one stifle, 0.3%), pin‐associated discomfort (one stifle, 0.3%), trochlear block fracture (one stifle, 0.3%). Short‐term major complications included pin migration (three stifles, 1%), incisional infection (two stifles, 0.6%), tibial tuberosity fracture (two stifles, 0.6%), and high grade reluxation (two stifles, 0.6%). Long‐term follow‐up examination data were available for 109/300 (36.3%) stifles. One minor complication and four major complications were documented. All long‐term complications were due to pin migration. The overall major complication rate was 4.3% (13/300 stifles), with a minor complication rate of 15% (46/300 stifles). The owner survey indicated a 100% satisfaction rate.

Conclusion

The m‐TTT technique yielded acceptable complication rates, with high owner satisfaction.

Clinical significance

The m‐TTT should be considered as an alternative technique for treating dogs with MPL requiring a tibial tuberosity transposition.
Facilitated osteogenesis of magnesium implant by coating of strontium incorporated calcium phosphate
Authors: Park Jung-Eun , Jang Yong-Seok , Seo Jae-Min , Lee Min-Ho
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium coated with strontium-doped calcium phosphate (Sr-CaP) for dental and orthopedic applications. Sr-CaP was coated on biodegradable magnesium using a chemical dipping method. Magnesium coated with Sr-CaP exhibited better corrosion resistance than pure magnesium. Sr-CaP-coated magnesium showed excellent cell proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, new bone formation was confirmed in vivo. Therefore, Sr-CaP-coated magnesium with reduced degradation and improved biocompatibility can be used for orthopedic and dental implant applications.
Electronic structure of InSb (001), (110), and (111)B surfaces
Authors: Dong Jason T. , Inbar Hadass S. , Pendharkar Mihir , van Schijndel Teun A. J. , Young Elliot C. , Dempsey Connor P. , Palmstrøm Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

The electronic structure of various (001), (110), and (111)B surfaces of n-type InSb was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The InSb(111)B (3×1) surface reconstruction is determined to be a disordered (111)B (3×3) surface reconstruction. The surface Fermi-level of the In rich and the equal In:Sb (001), (110), and (111)B surface reconstructions was observed to be pinned near the valence band edge. This observed pinning is consistent with a charge neutrality level lying near the valence band maximum. Sb termination was observed to shift the surface Fermi-level position by up to 254±35 meV toward the conduction band on the InSb (001) surface and 60±35 meV toward the conduction band on the InSb(111)B surface. The surface Sb on the (001) can shift the surface from electron depletion to electron accumulation. We propose that the shift in the Fermi-level pinning is due to charge transfer from Sb clusters on the Sb terminated surfaces. Additionally, many subgap states were observed for the (111)B (3×1) surface, which are attributed to the disordered nature of this surface. This work demonstrates the tuning of the Fermi-level pinning position of InSb surfaces with Sb termination.
Nutritional Supplements in the Clinical Management of Tendinopathy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Burton Ian , McCormack Aisling
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Tendinopathy has a high prevalence and incidence in the general population and among athletes, with a lack of consensus among medical practitioners on optimal management strategies. The objective of this scoping review was to evaluate current research on the use of nutritional supplements for treating tendinopathies, including what supplements have been used and what outcomes, outcome measures, and intervention parameters have been reported. Methods: Databases searched included Embase, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and AMED. This scoping review considered primary studies investigating nutritional supplements for tendinopathies and was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. Results: A total of 1527 articles were identified with 16 included in the review. Studies investigated a range of nutritional supplements in the clinical management of various tendinopathies, including several commercially available proprietary blends of several ingredients. TendoActive (mucopolysaccharides, type I collagen, and vitamin C) was used in 2 studies, TENDISULFUR (methylsulfonylmethane, hydrolyzed collagen, L-arginine, L-lysine, vitamin C, bromelain, chondroitin, glucosamine, Boswellia, and myrrh) was used in 3 studies, and Tenosan (arginine-L-alpha ketoglutarate, hydrolyzed collagen type I, methylsulfonylmethane, vitamin C, bromelain, and vinitrox) was used in 2 studies. Collagen peptides were used in 2 studies, with omega-3 fatty acids, combined fatty acids and antioxidants, turmeric rhizome combined with Boswellia, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric, vitamin C in isolation and combined with gelatin, and creatine investigated in one study each. Conclusion: Despite a paucity of studies to date, findings from this review suggest that several nutritional compounds may be beneficial in the clinical management of tendinopathies, by exerting anti-inflammatory effects and improving tendon healing. Nutritional supplements may have potential as an adjunctive method to standard treatment methods such as exercise, where their pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and structural tendon effects may augment the positive functional outcomes gained from progressive exercise rehabilitation.
Weight-Bearing Exercises on Slideboard Increase Quadriceps and Hamstring Activation Levels and Improve Hip- and Knee-Flexion Angles in Physically Active Individuals
Authors: Demir Cigdem , Harput Gulcan
Published: May 2023

Context: Slideboards are commonly used in exercise programs, but there is limited information about how they affect muscle activities during exercise. We aim to compare the activation levels of quadriceps and hamstring muscles and hip- and knee-flexion angles during lunge and single-leg squat exercises between normal ground and slideboard in physically active individuals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy individuals (age: 23.83 [2.84] y, body mass index: 21.75 [1.72] kg/m2) were included in the study. Surface electromyography was used to measure vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus activation levels during reaching and returning phases of the forward, lateral, and back lunges and squats that were performed on the normal ground and slideboard. Exercises were performed at a slow pace (60 beats/min). Hip- and knee-flexion angles during the exercises were evaluated by using 2-dimensional motion analysis. Repeated measures of analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: Vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation levels were greater during reaching and returning phases of the exercises on slideboard compared with normal ground (P < .05). However, semitendinosus and biceps femoris activity were greater only during the returning phase of the forward lunge (P < .001) and the returning phase of the back squat (P = .002, P = .009, respectively). Hip-to-knee flexion ratios were closer to 1 when the forward lunge (P < .001), back lunge (P = .004), and forward squat (P = .001) exercises were performed on a slideboard. Conclusion: In exercise programs that target the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, slideboards can be effectively used in exercise progressions as they can increase muscle activity. Moreover, squat and lunge exercises on slideboard with a slow pace may also be helpful for improving the balance between hip- and knee-flexion angles.
Intervention of Refractory Arthrofibrosis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Ling , Fan Shuai , Cai Bin
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Although nonsurgical and surgical management of knee arthrofibrosis has been reported in the literature, there is little information on the effect of procedural treatment modalities of refractory arthrofibrosis on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this case report is to describe the intervention of refractory knee arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and investigate long-term clinical outcomes after procedural intervention. Methods: A 27-year-old male presented with decreased range of motion (ROM), patellar mobility, strength, and knee joint function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of his left knee. After failed conservative management, the patient underwent manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) to release scar tissue. Following MUA, the emphasis of comprehensive physiotherapy was on decreasing inflammation, relieving pain, and maintaining patellar mobility while increasing knee joint ROM and strength. Knee ROM, patellofemoral motion, gait, and quadriceps recruitment were measured 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after MUA. Results: At 2-year follow-up after MUA, the patient continued to present with decreased ROM and quadriceps strength compared to the contralateral knee, but had returned to a running program and reported knee joint dysfunction no longer interfered with his daily activities. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates signs and symptoms that could indicate knee arthrofibrosis and introduces procedural intervention for refractory arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Sensorimotor or Balance Training to Increase Knee-Extensor and Knee-Flexor Maximal Strength in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Alfuth Martin , Vieten Elena
Published: May 2023

Clinical Scenario: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a complex progressive synovial joint disease that results in impaired muscle function, including a considerable loss of maximal strength and power. Exercise therapies, such as sensorimotor or balance training and resistance training, are frequently used to improve muscle function, mobility, and quality of life, but their impact on maximal muscle strength in patients with KOA is not well understood. Focused Clinical Question: Does sensorimotor or balance training improve knee-extensor and knee-flexor maximal muscle strength compared with strength training or no intervention in patients with KOA? Summary of Key Findings: Results from 4 fair- to good-quality randomized controlled/clinical trials (level 1b) revealed inconsistent grade B evidence regarding the effect of sensorimotor or balance training to improve knee-extensor and knee-flexor maximal muscle strength in patients with KOA. Two studies, one good-quality study and one fair-quality study, showed significant strength improvements, and 2 good-quality studies demonstrated no significant strength enhancements. Clinical Bottom Line: Sensorimotor or balance training may be useful to improve maximal strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups in patients with KOA; however, it seems that this depends on a training duration of at least 8 weeks and the use of unstable devices to induce destabilization of patients’ balance, initiating neuromuscular adaptations. Strength of Recommendation: Due to inconsistent evidence (grade B), the true effect of sensorimotor or balance training to improve knee-extensor and knee-flexor maximal muscle strength in patients with KOA remains unclear and needs to be further investigated.
Ultrahigh-rate and ultralong-life aqueous batteries enabled by special pair-dancing proton transfer
Authors: Wang Lulu , Yan Jie , Hong Yuexian , Yu Zhihao , Chen Jitao , Zheng Junrong
Published: May 2023

The design of Faradaic battery electrodes with high rate capability and long cycle life comparable to those of supercapacitors is a grand challenge. Here, we bridge this performance gap by taking advantage of a unique ultrafast proton conduction mechanism in vanadium oxide electrode, developing an aqueous battery with untrahigh rate capability up to 1000 C (400 A g
−1
) and extremely long life of 0.2 million cycles. The mechanism is elucidated by comprehensive experimental and theoretical results. Instead of slow individual Zn
2+
transfer or Grotthuss chain transfer of confined H
+
, the ultrafast kinetics and excellent cyclic stability are enabled by rapid 3D proton transfer in vanadium oxide via the special pair dance switching between Eigen and Zundel configurations with little constraint and low energy barriers. This work provides insight into developing high-power and long-life electrochemical energy storage devices with nonmetal ion transfer through special pair dance topochemistry dictated by hydrogen bond.
A smart coating with integrated physical antimicrobial and strain-mapping functionalities for orthopedic implants
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cui Jinsong , Chen Kuan-Yu , Kuo Shanny Hsuan , Sharma Jaishree , Bhatta Rimsha , Liu Zheng , Ellis-Mohr Austin , An Fufei , Li Jiahui , Chen Qian , Foss Kari D. , Wang Hua , Li Yumeng , McCoy Annette M. , Lau Gee W. , Cao Qing
Published: May 2023

The prevalence of orthopedic implants is increasing with an aging population. These patients are vulnerable to risks from periprosthetic infections and instrument failures. Here, we present a dual-functional smart polymer foil coating compatible with commercial orthopedic implants to address both septic and aseptic failures. Its outer surface features optimum bioinspired mechano-bactericidal nanostructures, capable of killing a wide spectrum of attached pathogens through a physical process to reduce the risk of bacterial infection, without directly releasing any chemicals or harming mammalian cells. On its inner surface in contact with the implant, an array of strain gauges with multiplexing transistors, built on single-crystalline silicon nanomembranes, is incorporated to map the strain experienced by the implant with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, providing information about bone-implant biomechanics for early diagnosis to minimize the probability of catastrophic instrument failures. Their multimodal functionalities, performance, biocompatibility, and stability are authenticated in sheep posterolateral fusion model and rodent implant infection model.
Eradication of Staphylococcus epidermidis within Biofilms: Comparison of Systemic versus Supratherapeutic Concentrations of Antibiotics
Authors: Daffinee K. E. , Piehl E. C. , Bleick C. , LaPlante K. L.
Published: May 2023

Biofilm-forming bacterial infections result in clinical failure, recurring infections, and high health care costs. The antibiotic concentrations needed to eradicate biofilm require further research.
Case Commentary: Unlocking the Potential of Bacteriophage to Prevent Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Lee John R. , Satlin Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kidney transplant recipients, and novel prevention approaches are needed. The case presented by Le et al. (Antimicrob Agents Chemother, in press) describes a patient with recurrent UTIs due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
who was successfully treated with bacteriophage therapy.
Amplicon Deep Sequencing Reveals Multiple Genetic Events Lead to Treatment Failure with Atovaquone-Proguanil in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Castañeda-Mogollón Daniel , Toppings Noah B. , Kamaliddin Claire , Lang Raynell , Kuhn Susan , Pillai Dylan R.
Published: May 2023

Atovaquone-proguanil (AP) is used as treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and as a chemoprophylactic agent against
Plasmodium falciparum
. Imported malaria remains one of the top causes of fever in Canadian returning travelers. Twelve sequential whole-blood samples before and after AP treatment failure were obtained from a patient diagnosed with
P. falciparum
malaria upon their return from Uganda and Sudan. Ultradeep sequencing was performed on the
cytb, dhfr,
and
dhps
markers of treatment resistance before and during the episode of recrudescence. Haplotyping profiles were generated using three different approaches:
msp2-3D7
agarose and capillary electrophoresis, and
cpmp
using amplicon deep sequencing (ADS). A complexity of infection (COI) analysis was conducted.
De novo cytb
Y268C mutants strains were observed during an episode of recrudescence 17 days and 16 h after the initial malaria diagnosis and AP treatment initiation. No Y268C mutant reads were observed in any of the samples prior to the recrudescence. SNPs in the
dhfr
and
dhps
genes were observed upon initial presentation. The haplotyping profiles suggest multiple clones mutating under AP selection pressure (COI > 3). Significant differences in COI were observed by capillary electrophoresis and ADS compared to the agarose gel results. ADS using
cpmp
revealed the lowest haplotype variation across the longitudinal analysis. Our findings highlight the value of ultra-deep sequencing methods in the understanding of
P. falciparum
haplotype infection dynamics. Longitudinal samples should be analyzed in genotyping studies to increase the analytical sensitivity.
Mechanisms for Generating Low Potential Electrons across the Metabolic Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
Authors: Alleman Alexander B. , Peters John W.
Published: May 2023

The availability of fixed nitrogen is a limiting factor in the net primary production of all ecosystems. Diazotrophs overcome this limit through the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia.
Insights into Polyprotein Processing and RNA-Protein Interactions in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genome Replication
Authors: Pierce Danielle M. , Hayward Connor , Rowlands David J. , Stonehouse Nicola J. , Herod Morgan R.
Published: May 2023

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is responsible for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an important disease of farmed animals, which is endemic in many parts of the world and can results in major economic losses. Replication of the virus occurs within membrane-associated compartments in infected cells and requires highly coordinated processing events to produce an array of nonstructural proteins.
Identification of Bacterial Taxa Present in a Concrete Pennsylvania Bridge
Authors: Tadley Patricia , Bennett Alexa , Hansen Kirstin , Hanson Thomas , Colosi Joseph , Goudsouzian Lara K.
Published: May 2023

Concrete contains low microbial biomass, but some bacteria can grow in this highly alkaline environment. We used silica-based DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequence analysis to identify the bacteria in a corroded concrete bridge sample from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Staphylococcus
,
Streptococcus
,
Corynebacterium
,
Leifsonia
,
Vicinamibacterales
, and
Actinophytocola
were the most abundant genera.
Identification and Characterization of a New Regulator, TagR, for Environmental Stress Resistance Based on the DNA Methylome of Streptomyces roseosporus
Authors: Gao Wen-Li , Fang Jiao-Le , Zhu Chen-Yang , Xu Wei-Feng , Lyu Zhong-Yuan , Chan Xin-Ai , Zhao Qing-Wei , Li Yong-Quan
Published: May 2023

This study established a novel strategy for screening regulators of environmental stress resistance based on the DNA methylome and discovered a new regulator, TagR. The TagR-WTA transporter regulatory pathway improved the resistance and antibiotic yield of strains and has the potential for wide application. Our research provides a new perspective on the optimization and reconstruction of industrial actinomycetes.
A Co-Expressed Natural Antisense RNA
FCER1A
-AS Controls IgE-Dependent Immunity by Promoting Expression of FcεRIα
Authors: Tang Ruo-yu , Yin Lan , Yao Liang , Zhang Qing-Feng , Chen Xiao-Ping
Published: May 2023

FcεRIα is responsible for high-affinity binding with the Fc portion of IgE, which is critical for IgE-dependent disease responses such as allergy responses and anti-parasite immunity. FcεRIα is expressed on a few cell types, including mast cells and basophils.
Synthetic Denitrifying Communities Reveal a Positive and Dynamic Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Relationship during Experimental Evolution
Authors: Wu Bo , Guan Xiaotong , Deng Ting , Yang Xueqin , Li Juan , Zhou Min , Wang Cheng , Wang Shanquan , Yan Qingyun , Shu Longfei , He Qiang , He Zhili
Published: May 2023

Despite the consensus that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning, not all experimental models of macro-organisms support this notion with positive, negative, or neutral biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships reported. The fast-growing, metabolically versatile, and easy manipulation nature of microbial communities allows us to explore well the BEF relationship and further interrogate if the BEF relationship remains constant during long-term community evolution.
Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Molecular Typing of Acinetobacter baumannii in Comparison with Orthogonal Methods
Authors: Busby Eloise J. , Doyle Ronan M. , Leboreiro Babe Clara , Harris Kathryn A. , Mack Damien , Méndez-Cervantes Gema , O’Sullivan Denise M. , Pang Vicky , Sadouki Zahra , Solanki Priya , Huggett Jim F. , McHugh Timothy D. , Wey Emmanuel Q.
Published: May 2023

Managing the transmission of antimicrobial resistance necessitates reliable methods for tracking outbreaks. We compared the performance of MALDI-TOF MS with orthogonal approaches for strain typing, including WGS and FTIR, for
Acinetobacter baumannii
isolates correlated with a health care-associated infection (HCAI) event.
Drivers of health workers’ migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from low/middle-income countries, 1970–2022: a systematic review
Authors: Toyin-Thomas Patience , Ikhurionan Paul , Omoyibo Efe E , Iwegim Chinelo , Ukueku Avwebo O , Okpere Jermaine , Nnawuihe Ukachi C , Atat Josephine , Otakhoigbogie Uwaila , Orikpete Efetobo Victor , Erhiawarie Franca , Gbejewoh Emmanuel O , Odogu Uyoyo , Akhirevbulu Itua C G , Kwarshak Yakubu Kevin , Wariri Oghenebrume
Published: May 2023

Background

The migration of healthcare workers (HWs) from low/middle-income countries (LMICs) is a pressing global health issue with implications for population-level health outcomes. We aimed to synthesise the drivers of HWs’ out-migration, intention to migrate and non-migration from LMICs.

Methods

We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of retrieved articles. We included studies (quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods) on HWs’ migration or intention to migrate, published in either English or French between 1 January 1970 and 31 August 2022. The retrieved titles were deduplicated in EndNote before being exported to Rayyan for independent screening by three reviewers.

Results

We screened 21 593 unique records and included 107 studies. Of the included studies, 82 were single-country studies focusing on 26 countries, while the remaining 25 included data from multiple LMICs. Most of the articles focused on either doctors 64.5% (69 of 107) and/or nurses 54.2% (58 of 107). The UK (44.9% (48 of 107)) and the USA (42% (45 of 107)) were the top destination countries. The LMICs with the highest number of studies were South Africa (15.9% (17 of 107)), India (12.1% (13 of 107)) and the Philippines (6.5% (7 of 107)). The major drivers of migration were macro-level and meso-level factors. Remuneration (83.2%) and security problems (58.9%) were the key macro-level factors driving HWs’ migration/intention to migrate. In comparison, career prospects (81.3%), good working environment (63.6%) and job satisfaction (57.9%) were the major meso-level drivers. These key drivers have remained relatively constant over the last five decades and did not differ among HWs who have migrated and those with intention to migrate or across geographical regions.

Conclusion

Growing evidence suggests that the key drivers of HWs’ migration or intention to migrate are similar across geographical regions in LMICs. Opportunities exist to build collaborations to develop and implement strategies to halt this pressing global health problem.
Bubble-PAPR: a phase 1 clinical evaluation of the comfort and perception of a prototype powered air-purifying respirator for use by healthcare workers in an acute hospital setting
Authors: McGrath Brendan A , Shelton Clifford L , Gardner Angela , Coleman Ruth , Lynch James , Alexander Peter G , Cooper Glen
Published: May 2023

Objectives

We aimed to design and produce a low-cost, ergonomic, hood-integrated powered air-purifying respirator (Bubble-PAPR) for pandemic healthcare use, offering optimal and equitable protection to all staff. We hypothesised that participants would rate Bubble-PAPR more highly than current filtering face piece (FFP3) face mask respiratory protective equipment (RPE) in the domains of comfort, perceived safety and communication.

Design

Rapid design and evaluation cycles occurred based on the identified user needs. We conducted diary card and focus group exercises to identify relevant tasks requiring RPE. Lab-based safety standards established against British Standard BS-EN-12941 and EU2016/425 covering materials; inward particulate leakage; breathing resistance; clean air filtration and supply; carbon dioxide elimination; exhalation means and electrical safety. Questionnaire-based usability data from participating front-line healthcare staff before (usual RPE) and after using Bubble-PAPR.

Setting

Overseen by a trial safety committee, evaluation progressed sequentially through laboratory, simulated, low-risk, then high-risk clinical environments of a single tertiary National Health Service hospital.

Participants

15 staff completed diary cards and focus groups. 91 staff from a range of clinical and non-clinical roles completed the study, wearing Bubble-PAPR for a median of 45 min (IQR 30–80 (15–120)). Participants self-reported a range of heights (mean 1.7 m (SD 0.1, range 1.5–2.0)), weights (72.4 kg (16.0, 47–127)) and body mass indices (25.3 (4.7, 16.7–42.9)).

Outcome measures

Preuse particulometer ‘fit testing’ and evaluation against standards by an independent biomedical engineer.

Primary:Perceived comfort (Likert scale).

Secondary: Perceived safety, communication.

Results

Mean fit factor 16 961 (10 participants). Bubble-PAPR mean comfort score 5.64 (SD 1.55) vs usual FFP3 2.96 (1.44) (mean difference 2.68 (95% CI 2.23 to 3.14, p<0.001). Secondary outcomes, Bubble-PAPR mean (SD) versus FFP3 mean (SD), (mean difference (95% CI)) were: how safe do you feel? 6.2 (0.9) vs 5.4 (1.0), (0.73 (0.45 to 0.99)); speaking to other staff 7.5 (2.4) vs 5.1 (2.4), (2.38 (1.66 to 3.11)); heard by other staff 7.1 (2.3) vs 4.9 (2.3), (2.16 (1.45 to 2.88)); speaking to patients 7.8 (2.1) vs 4.8 (2.4), (2.99 (2.36 to 3.62)); heard by patients 7.4 (2.4) vs 4.7 (2.5), (2.7 (1.97 to 3.43)); all p<0.01.

Conclusions

Bubble-PAPR achieved its primary purpose of keeping staff safe from airborne particulate material while improving comfort and the user experience when compared with usual FFP3 masks. The design and development of Bubble-PAPR were conducted using a careful evaluation strategy addressing key regulatory and safety steps.

Trial registration number

NCT04681365.
Influence of surgical margin width on survival rate after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Jing-Hua , Fang Da-Zhang , Hu Yi-Ting
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Hepatectomy is the best treatment for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at present, but there has been controversy about the width of surgical margins. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of different surgical margin widths on the prognosis of patients with ICC undergoing hepatectomy.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Cohort studies reported in English with patients who underwent negative marginal (R0) resection were included. The effects of surgical margin width on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with ICC were assessed.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two investigators independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using funnel plots and quality was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Forest plots of HRs and their 95% CIs for outcome indicators were plotted. Heterogeneity was assessed and determined quantitatively using I2, and the stability of the study results was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Analyses were performed using Stata software.

Results

Nine studies were included. With the wide margin group (≥10 mm) as the control, pooled HR of OS in the narrow margin group (<10 mm) was 1.54 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.77). HRs of OS in three subgroups where the margin was less than 5 mm ranged from 5 mm to 9 mm, or was less than 10 mm in length were 1.88 (1.45 to 2.42), 1.33 (1.03 to 1.72) and 1.49 (1.20 to 1.84), respectively. Pooled HR of DFS in the narrow margin group (<10 mm) was 1.51 (1.14 to 2.00). Pooled HR of RFS in the narrow margin group (<10 mm) was 1.35 (1.19 to 1.54). HRs of RFS in three subgroups where the margin was less than 5 mm ranged from 5 mm to 9 mm, or was less than 10 mm in length were 1.38 (1.07 to 1.78), 1.39 (1.11 to 1.74) and 1.30 (1.06 to 1.60), respectively. Neither lymph node lesions (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.70) nor lymph node invasion (2.14, 1.39 to 3.28) was favourable for postoperative OS in patients with ICC. Lymph node metastasis (1.31, 1.09 to 1.57) was unfavourable for RFS in patients with ICC.

Conclusion

Patients with ICC who underwent curative hepatectomy with a negative margin ≥10 mm may have a long-term survival advantage, but lymph node dissection also needs to be considered. In addition, tumour-related pathological features need to be explored to see if they affect the surgical outcome of R0 margins.