bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitrust as Antiracism: Antitrust as a Partial Cure for Systemic Racism (and Other Systemic “Isms”)
Authors: Davis Joshua P. , Cramer Eric L. , Streater Reginald L. , Suter Mark R.
Published: June 2021

We usually think of antitrust law as addressing violations of free market norms, not equality norms. The two, however, may be related. Systemic racism (and other systemic “isms”) is about power and its abuse. So is antitrust law. Moreover, antitrust may be able to fill gaps left by antidiscrimination law. In particular, antitrust law can address: entire markets, not just individual firms or discrete actions; power imbalances from differences in capital, not just disparities in compensation; financial allocations between owners and workers, not just between workers; and legal violations that shrink total worker pay and do not just distort its allocation. Antitrust law also relies on centrist free market principles. Those may be less controversial than tackling issues of race directly. To be sure, in part for that reason, antitrust laws are limited. They can at best remedy a small portion of the potential wrongs caused by systemic racism. But antitrust may nevertheless contribute valuably to systemic racial equality. It also may provide a model for how antidiscrimination law might be reframed to make it more effective in that regard.
Paired sensitivity analysis of four SARS-CoV-2 serological immunoassays in a longitudinal cohort of convalescent hospital staff
Authors: Sim Marcus , Cockcroft Christopher , Darby Denise , Ellis Clare R , Heaps Adrian , Scargill Jonathan , Garcez Tomaz
Published: June 2021

Background

SARS-CoV-2 serological testing has seen extensive academic and clinical use from investigating correlates of immunity to seroprevalence, convalescent plasma and vaccine trials. Interpretation of these studies will depend on robust validation of the longitudinal sensitivities of these assays, especially in the context of mild disease which makes up the majority of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caseload.

Methods

Hospital staff ( n = 94) returning to work following polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 were offered antibody testing to assist with laboratory verification. Initial specimens were collected at median 29 days post-symptom onset and run on the Roche, Abbott, Siemens and DiaSorin platforms. Re-sampling occurred at median 142 days from a subset of the initial cohort ( n = 62) that had volunteered to provide further serum samples to assist in longitudinal sensitivity analysis. Samples that were not run across all four platforms were excluded from analysis.

Results

Comparative sensitivity analysis was conducted on 89/94 of the initial specimens and 55/62 of the repeat specimens. Sensitivity at initial sampling ranged from 78 to 87% across platforms. At re-sampling, sensitivities were: 100% (Roche), 45% (Abbott), 100% (Siemens), and 80% (DiaSorin). Paired analysis using the longitudinal cohort ( n = 55) demonstrated stable or increasing median assay values on three platforms, with a clear reduction seen only on the Abbott platform (4.78 to 1.34) with corresponding sensitivity drop-off (81.8% to 45.4%).

Conclusion

The Abbott assay demonstrated sensitivity drop-off and decrease in median assay signal below detection threshold at four to five months. This has implications on the interpretation and design of future studies.
Dante in the Chinese context: Translation, study and teaching
Authors: Chen Qi
Published: June 2021

The rise and revival of Dante since his introduction into China over a century ago has been a complex process, marked by two highpoints: the first in the 1920s and 30 s, with early interest in Dante’s significance as an historical figure and translation of his works into Chinese; and the second, a reprise of his work in the post-Mao reform period from the 1990s on, with the advent of serious translation projects and literary analysis from a Chinese perspective. This article examines the translation, research, and teaching of Dante and his works in China during two periods, 1880–1978 and 1979–2020, and provides a window into how Dante has been read and understood in China since the introduction of his oeuvre.
Where is (and what is) Lucania? Exploring place name changes in Basilicata and the reasons behind them
Authors: Imbriani Maria Teresa
Published: June 2021

If you want to visit Lucania, you could not find it on the map. The current name of the region is in fact Basilicata, whereas Lucania is the ancient name. However the historical toponym is often used because Lucania is a name full of hidden meanings. In this paper we're going to explore the place-name changes in Basilicata and their meanings specially in imaginary of literature.
Are Gifted Students Adapting Their Self-Regulated Learning Processes When Experiencing Challenging Tasks?
Authors: Ridgley Lisa M. , DaVia Rubenstein Lisa , Callan Gregory L.
Published: June 2021

Self-regulated learning (SRL) promotes both current and future academic achievement and must be adapted based on task demands. To develop SRL, gifted students must have opportunities to experience optimally challenging tasks. Gifted students’ past experiences (or lack thereof) with challenging tasks affects how they approach current tasks, which affects how they will approach challenges in the future. The current study used a two-stage approach to examine the extent to which Honors College students are able to adjust their SRL approaches based on task demands. Stage 1 provided baseline data on which types of Graduate Record Examination data analysis problems each student found to be difficult or easy. Then, in Stage 2, students were provided individually designed, easy and difficult problems. The students reported their SRL processes while engaging with the problems. When students were solving difficult problems, they demonstrated lower self-efficacy, lower performance evaluations, and lower effort. Furthermore, students reported using more surface level strategies when solving a difficult task, compared with their deeper strategic approach employed when engaging with the easy task. These findings suggest that, although gifted students may be aware of deeper, more effective strategies, they may not transfer these skills to difficult learning tasks. Thus, one recommendation would be to provide gifted students with more opportunities to practice building and transferring adaptive SRL processes when faced with a challenging task.
Introduction: Peace Movements in Southern Europe during the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Baumeister Martin , Ziemann Benjamin
Published: June 2021

The introduction to this special section discusses the state of the art in recent historiography on peace movements during the 1970s and 1980s, and recent attempts to conceptualise Southern Europe as a geographical or political space.
Development of the Experienced Communication in Dementia Questionnaire: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Olthof-Nefkens Maria W. L. J. , Derksen Els W. C. , de Swart Bert J. M. , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W. G. , Kalf Johanna G.
Published: June 2021

Communication problems with their caregivers are common in people with dementia. Although interventions for improvement of communication are being developed, a tool to measure how participants experience their communication is lacking. The objective of this article is to describe the development of a questionnaire that measures the “experienced communication” of persons with dementia (ECD-P) as well as of their caregivers (ECD-C). Interviews were conducted with five person with dementia—caregiver dyads who had recently received a new communication intervention. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts using ATLAS.ti. Codes were created, categories and themes were identified, and items for the questionnaires were generated. Selection of items and response scales was done in collaboration with the same dyads. The final version was established after pilot testing with seven other dyads and discussion with five experts in the field of dementia care. Analysis of the transcripts resulted in 212 codes and 17 categories within four themes: caregiver competence, social communication, communication difficulties in daily life, and experienced emotions during conversations. The final version of the ECD-P consists of part 1 with 22 items and 4-point Likert scales, and part 2 with two items and 1 to 10 scales. In the final ECD-C (proxy version), part 1 and part 2 are similar to the ECD-P, while a part 3 was added to assess caregivers’ own perspective and emotions (five items). Based on the experiences of people with dementia and their caregivers, we constructed a face-valid questionnaire. This justifies future research to test its clinimetric characteristics.
Drivers of Growth and Catch-up in the Tourism Sector of Industrialized Economies
Authors: Vu Khuong , Hartley Kris
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 decimated global tourism. As governments and firms strategize the sector’s recovery, insights from the sector’s prepandemic period of high growth offer useful policy lessons. This study examines the drivers of the tourism sector’s growth and catch-up performance in 13 industrialized economies over the period 2000–2015, using data from the EU-KLEMS database. The findings have three notable policy implications. First, the tourism sector in most countries experienced significant growth. However, value-added growth was driven largely by labor employment expansion while labor productivity declined in most countries. Second, weak investment in non–information and communications technology (ICT) capital and declining total factor productivity are the principal impediments to labor productivity growth. Third, all countries embraced digital transformation but many lagged on innovation and labor quality. These findings are analyzed to identify policy strategies for the tourism sector’s postpandemic recovery.
Wernicke’s encephalopathy in women with hyperemesis gravidarum – Case series and literature review
Authors: Rane Makarand Anil , Boorugu Hari Kishan , Ravishankar Usha , Tarakeswari S , Vadlamani Hemamalini , Anand Hemalatha
Published: June 2021

Whilst nausea affects around 80% of pregnant women, hyperemesis gravidarum, an extreme form of the same, affects only 0.5% to 3%, but may lead to severe nutritional deficiency. Wernicke’s encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder which occurs due to thiamine deficiency and needs emergency treatment to prevent neurological morbidity and mortality. Wernicke’s encephalopathy is characterised by a clinical triad of oculomotor abnormalities, cerebellar dysfunction and altered mental state. Korsakoff’s psychosis is a chronic condition and consequence of Wernicke’s encephalopathy, resulting from its delayed treatment. Wernicke’s encephalopathy is a well-known complication of chronic alcohol abuse. Not many are aware of its association with hyperemesis gravidarum. Although it is a rare complication, if not diagnosed and treated promptly, it may result in permanent and irreversible neurological sequelae. The objective of our retrospective observational study was to analyse the clinical profile and outcome (short and long term) in a rare yet preventable complication of pregnancy.
Mutual checking system for assessing trainee skills of thoracic surgery
Authors: Miura Naoko , Matsubara Taichi , Takamori Shinkichi , Akamine Takaki , Haratake Naoki , Shikada Yasunori , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Okamoto Tatsuro , Takenoyama Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2021

Background

Video-assisted surgery helps surgeons learn surgical skills efficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mutual evaluation of trainees’ surgical techniques using tabulated common evaluation criteria.

Methods

We created a check sheet in which a standard pulmonary lobectomy procedure was divided into six parts and the checkpoints to note listed. Both the trainees and trainers used tabulated common evaluation criteria to evaluate lobectomies performed by the trainees.

Results

From September 2019 to March 2020, 30 lobectomies were performed by three trainees. The trainee’s evaluations of their own procedures were relatively high at first, then decreased, then gradually increased; however, the trainers’ evaluations showed no such tendency.

Conclusions

Mutual evaluation of surgery using tabulated common evaluation criteria enables trainees to review their own surgery objectively and receive evaluations by trainers, thus helping them to avoid the Dunning–Kruger effect and efficiently acquire basic surgical skills.
Virtual models of care for people with palliative care needs living in their own home: A systematic meta-review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Disalvo Domenica , Agar Meera , Caplan Gideon , Murtagh Fliss EM , Luckett Tim , Heneka Nicole , Hickman Louise , Kinchin Irina , Trethewie Susan , Sheehan Caitlin , Urban Kat , Cohen Joshua , Harlum Janeane , Long Brian , Parker Tricia , Schaefer Isabelle , Phillips Jane
Published: June 2021

Background:

Access to palliative care in the community enables people to live in their preferred place of care, which is often home. Community palliative care services struggle to provide timely 24-h services to patients and family. This has resulted in calls for ‘accessible and flexible’ models of care that are ‘responsive’ to peoples’ changing palliative care needs. Digital health technologies provide opportunities to meet these requirements 24-h a day.

Aim:

To identify digital health technologies that have been evaluated for supporting timely assessment and management of people living at home with palliative care needs and/or their carer(s), and the evidence-base for each.

Design:

A systematic review of systematic reviews (‘meta-review’). Systematic reviews evaluating evidence for virtual models of palliative or end-of-life care using one or more digital health technologies were included. Systematic reviews were evaluated using the Risk of Bias Tool for Systematic Reviews. A narrative approach was used to synthesise results.

Data sources:

Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Database of systematic reviews were searched for English-language reviews published between 2015 and 2020.

Results:

The search yielded 2266 articles, of which 12 systematic reviews met criteria. Sixteen reviews were included in total, after four reviews were found via handsearching. Other than scheduled telehealth, video-conferencing, or after-hours telephone support, little evidence was found for digital health technologies used to deliver virtual models of palliative care.

Conclusions:

There are opportunities to test new models of virtual care, beyond telehealth and/or video conferencing, such as 24-h command centres, and rapid response teams.

Systematic review registration number:

Prospero CRD42020200266
Music, sleep, and depression: An interview study
Authors: Lund Helle Nystrup , Hannibal Niels , Mainz Jan , MacDonald Raymond , Nygaard Pedersen Inge
Published: June 2021

Music has been suggested as a potential sleep aid option in the treatment of depression-related insomnia; however, research is needed to fully understand the possible benefits. In this study, the objective was to examine experiences of music listening using a new intervention, The MusicStar app, at bedtime for adult psychiatric outpatients with depression-related insomnia. The study design utilized a qualitative thematic analysis using phenomenological methods applied as microanalysis of interview data. Participants were recruited from an outpatient unit for depression in psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark. Four adults with depression and sleep disturbances took part in a semi-structured interview after completing a four-week music intervention as part of a clinical trial. The participants evaluated a music listening intervention for sleep improvement. The following six themes were highlighted: Sleep and relaxation, Distraction, Mood, Habits, Preference, and Technology. Three participants reported intervention effective in improving sleep and relaxation. Interactions with technology and music preferences were important. The findings suggest influences of music on relaxation and sleep in depression-related insomnia with examples; Music distracts from inner stimuli, affects mood, arousal, and supports healthy habits potentially improving sleep hygiene. In conclusion, this study improves our understanding of the multiple effects of music in depression insomnia including limitations and directions for future research.
Good Interrater Reliability for Standardized MRI Assessment of Tendon Discontinuity and Tendon Retraction in Acute Proximal Full-Thickness Hamstring Tendon Injury
Authors: van der Made Anne D. , Smithuis Frank F. , Buckens Constantinus F. , Tol Johannes L. , Six Willem R. , Lauf Kenny , Peters Rolf W. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. , Maas Mario
Published: June 2021

Background:

Proximal full-thickness free hamstring tendon injury (ie, tendon avulsion or rupture) is a severe injury. Treatment decision making relies on clinical factors and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables; it specifically relies on which tendons are injured as well as the extent of tendon retraction. According to a worldwide evaluation of current practice, discontinuity of both proximal tendons and retraction of >2 cm are used as surgical indications. However, both the diagnosis and the use of MRI variables in decision making may be fraught with uncertainty in clinical practice. A reliable standardized MRI assessment is required.

Purpose:

To propose an MRI assessment for acute proximal full-thickness free hamstring tendon injury and to evaluate its interater reliability.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

We included 40 MRI scans of patients with acute (≤4 weeks of injury) proximal full-thickness free hamstring tendon injury. Three musculoskeletal radiologists assessed proximal full-thickness free hamstring tendon discontinuity using the novel “dropped ice cream sign” and tendon retraction (in mm). Quantification of tendon retraction (in mm) was performed using 2 different methods: (1) a direct (ie, shortest distance between the center of the hamstring origin and the tendon stump) method and (2) a combined craniocaudal/mediolateral measurement method. Absolute and relative interrater reliability were calculated.

Results:

We found an almost perfect interrater agreement (kappa = 0.87) for assessment of full-thickness tendon discontinuity using the dropped ice cream sign. Interrater agreement for the direct and craniocaudal retraction measurements was good for both the conjoint (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.88 and 0.83) and the semimembranosus tendons (ICC, 0.81 and 0.79). The mediolateral retraction measurement yielded only moderate to poor reliability for the conjoint (ICC, 0.53) and semimembranosus tendons (ICC, 0.41).

Conclusion:

The standardized MRI assessment to identify proximal hamstring tendon discontinuity and quantify tendon retraction is reliable. We recommend using the novel dropped ice cream sign and the direct retraction measurement in clinical practice and research.
Ultrasound Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava for Fluid Responsiveness: Making the Case for Skepticism
Authors: Millington Scott J. , Koenig Seth
Published: June 2021

Determining whether a patient in shock is in a state of fluid responsiveness (FR) has long been the Holy Grail for clinicians who care for acutely ill patients. While various tools have been put forth as solutions to this important problem, ultrasound assessment of the inferior vena cava has received particular attention of late. Dozens of studies have examined its ability to determine whether a patient should receive volume expansion, and general enthusiasm has been strengthened by the fact that it is easy to perform and non-invasive, unlike many competing FR tests. A deeper examination of the technique, however, reveals important concerns regarding inaccuracies in measurement and a high prevalence of confounding factors. Furthermore, a detailed review of the evidence (small individual studies, multiple meta-analyses, and a single large trial) reveals that the tool performs poorly in general and is unlikely to be helpful at the bedside in circumstances where genuine clinical uncertainty exists.
Associations of Binge Drinking With Vascular Brain Injury and Atrophy in Older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Lewis Jordan P. , Suchy-Dicey Astrid M. , Noonan Carolyn , Blue Bird Jernigan Valarie , Umans Jason G. , Domoto-Reilly Kimiko , Buchwald Dedra S. , Manson Spero M.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: American Indians (AIs) generally consume less alcohol than the US general population; however, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder is higher. This is the first large cohort study to examine binge drinking as a risk factor for vascular brain injury (VBI). Methods: We used linear and Poisson regression to examine the association of self-reported binge drinking with VBI, measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in 817 older AIs who participated in the Strong Heart and Cerebrovascular Disease and Its Consequences in American Indians studies. Results: Any binge drinking at multiple time-points was associated with increased sulcal (β = 0.360, 95% CI [0.079, 0.641]) and ventricle dilatation (β = 0.512, 95% CI [0.174, 0.850]) compared to no binge drinking. Discussion: These observed associations are consistent with previous findings. Identifying how binge drinking may contribute to VBI in older AIs may suggest modifiable health behaviors for neurological risk reduction and disease prevention.
Consistent Honor, Persistent Disadvantage: American Indian and Alaska Native Veteran Health in the National Survey of Veterans
Authors: Huyser Kimberly R. , Locklear Sofia , Sheehan Connor , Moore Brenda L. , Butler John S.
Published: June 2021

Objective: To examine self-rated health and activities of daily living (ADLs) limitations among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) veterans relative to white veterans. Methods: We use the 2010 National Survey of Veterans and limit the sample to veterans who identify as AI/AN or non-Hispanic white. We calculated descriptive statistics, confidence intervals, and used logistic regression. Results: AI/AN veterans are younger, have lower levels of income, and have higher levels of exposure to combat and environmental hazards compared to white veterans. We found that AI/AN veterans are significantly more likely to report fair/poor health controlling for socioeconomic status and experience an ADL controlling for age, health behaviors, socioeconomic status, and military factors. Discussion: The results indicate that AI/AN veterans are a disadvantaged population in terms of their health and disability compared to white veterans. AI/AN veterans may require additional support from family members and/or Veteran Affairs to address ADLs.
Decolonising concepts of participation and protection in sensitive research with young people: local perspectives and decolonial strategies of Palestinian research advisors
Authors: Jiménez Erika
Published: June 2021

Scholars in childhood research have been reconsidering whether the participation of children and young people in sensitive research is necessary. This paper questions whether some of these objections arise out of colonial attitudes towards childhood, young people, human rights, and research. This paper draws on a participatory study that sought to ascertain how Palestinian young people construct their understandings of human rights. Discussion of some of the local perspectives and decolonial strategies offered by the Young People’s Advisory Groups show how they facilitated the voices of their peers safely and decolonised concepts of participation and protection in the process.
Incendies, les sons du silence
Authors: Aronoff Mary Ellen , Ba Ndeye
Published: June 2021

Résumé

Des pièces comme Incendies permettent de libérer des voix silencieuses afin qu’elles puissent raconter des histoires de peine et de souffrance, et le théâtre donne un espace sûr pour présenter ces histoires. L’analyse suivante explore le comportement énigmatique de la protagoniste Nawal et cherche à expliquer pourquoi elle a choisi de s’éloigner de son monde et de vivre en silence. Il y a deux côtés à Nawal. Dans son pays natal, elle est une combattante qui ne recule devant rien. Au Canada, toutefois, Nawal est le contraire. Elle apparaît comme timide et effacée. Le silence dans la pièce revêt de nombreuses formes qui méritent une attention particulière et une analyse poussée. En outre, on peut trouver dans ce silence des dichotomies qui cherchent la réconciliation. La lentille à travers laquelle l’analyse est présentée souligne l’importance que les récits de difficultés et de souffrance soient racontés par ceux qui ont un lien direct avec leur propre histoire.
De-carbonized energy initiative with bio-cell-distributed stations using GIS geodesic tools towards circular economy
Authors: Allam Sammar Z
Published: June 2021

De-carbonized energy implementation involves experts to integrate inter-connected strategic objectives. Pragmatic sustainable development requires substitution of fossil-fuel energy with cleaner energy. Simultaneously, demonstrating circular economy through waste-to-energy concept is another perspective to foster renewable energy resources. Biomass energy has the highest share in the renewable energy plan of most countries. UNDP (United Nation Development Program) has established a project to provide rural areas with bio cells that intake only animal waste. In the light of rural sustainable development, as part of this research proposal, bio cells can be upgraded by local manufacturers to be fuelled with crop residue, which will reduce crop residue burn. Instead of crop residue burn in open areas, polluting the Cairo skies with a black cloud or smog and endangering urban environmental health through escalating urban heat island phenomenon, agriculture waste can be utilized as an energy source of biofuels, bio-power or even bio-by-products to substitute liquefied petroleum gas or integrated within UNDP project upgrade. The novelty of this research is demonstrating bio cells in distributed stations at fire-hotspot location to supply decarbonized energy resources for communities rehabilitated within the GIS geodesic buffer. These distributed stations support LEED-ND rating system criteria of on-site energy generation. Such demonstration at fire spots through developing brownfield zones is a sustainable opportunity for misused zones. Numerical calibration of Orduz energy potential equation developed in 2011 shows that the generated bioenergy is 531.59 PJ, equivalent to 1.48E + 11 kWh annually. Such feasible sustainable development strategy through energy resources convergence promotes self-sufficient clusters.
Beyond Stereotypes: Using Socioemotional Selectivity Theory to Improve Messaging to Older Adults
Authors: Carstensen Laura L. , Hershfield Hal E.
Published: June 2021

The tremendous heterogeneity in functional and demographic characteristics of the over-65 age group presents challenges to effective marketing and public-health communications. Messages grounded on tacit assumptions that older people are frail, incompetent, and needy risk being overlooked by most of the older population; on the other hand, ignoring age-associated vulnerabilities is problematic. We argue that although traditional approaches to market segmentation based on chronological age often fail, reliable age differences in motivation influence the types of information that older people typically prefer, attend to, and remember, and these differences can be used to inform communication efforts. Socioemotional selectivity theory maintains that as future time horizons grow limited—as they typically do with age—emotional goals are prioritized over goals that focus on exploration. As time left becomes more limited, positive messages are remembered better than negative ones, and products that help people savor the moment are preferred over those that benefit the long-term future. In addition, emphasizing individual strengths and personal resilience is likely to be especially appealing to older people.
In Search of ‘Civil’ Society
Authors: Venkataraman L. N.
Published: June 2021

Ramin Jahanbegloo, Pedagogy of Dissent. Orient BlackSwan, 2021, 108 pp., ₹295. ISBN: 9788194925859 (Paperback).

Romila Thapar, Voices of Dissent: An Essay. Seagull Books, 2020, 164 pp., ₹499. ISBN: 978-0857428622 (Hardback).
Defining Preterm Birth and Stillbirth in the Western Pacific: A Systematic Review
Authors: Connolly Mairead , Phung Laura , Farrington Elise , Scoullar Michelle J. L. , Wilson Alyce N. , Comrie-Thomson Liz , Homer Caroline S. E. , Vogel Joshua P.
Published: June 2021

Preterm birth and stillbirth are important global perinatal health indicators. Definitions of these indicators can differ between countries, affecting comparability of preterm birth and stillbirth rates across countries. This study aimed to document national-level adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of preterm birth and stillbirth in the WHO Western Pacific region. A systematic search of government health websites and 4 electronic databases was conducted. Any official report or published study describing the national definition of preterm birth or stillbirth published between 2000 and 2020 was eligible for inclusion. A total of 58 data sources from 21 countries were identified. There was considerable variation in how preterm birth and stillbirth was defined across the region. The most frequently used lower gestational age threshold for viability of preterm birth was 28 weeks gestation (range 20-28 weeks), and stillbirth was most frequently classified from 20 weeks gestation (range 12-28 weeks). High-income countries more frequently used earlier gestational ages for preterm birth and stillbirth compared with low- to middle-income countries. The findings highlight the importance of clear, standardized, internationally comparable definitions for perinatal indicators. Further research is needed to determine the impact on regional preterm birth and stillbirth rates.
Social integration of people with a migration background in Swiss sport clubs: A cross-level analysis
Authors: Buser Matthias , Zwahlen Jenny A , Schlesinger Torsten , Nagel Siegfried
Published: June 2021

Sport clubs are considered an ideal setting for the social integration of people with a migration background. However, they can also be a place of social closure practices, where assimilative ideas and ethnic boundaries are present. Besides the individual characteristics of the members, adequate club organizational structures are relevant for preventing social closure and facilitating social integration. Thus, the role of organizational structures for social integration might differ between natives and people with a migration background. Based on data from 42 Swiss sport clubs and 780 sport club members, with and without a migration background, we analyzed individual (migration background and membership biography) and structural factors (situational, club goals, and club culture) using multilevel models and tested cross-level interactions between structural variables and migration background. The results reveal that membership biography (e.g. membership duration and volunteering) and migration background are relevant for social integration. The estimated cross-level effects reveal that, unlike for natives and second-generation people with a migration background, structural conditions are especially relevant for first-generation people with a migration background. For example, social integration increases with a higher proportion of people with a migration background in the club or a less assimilative club culture.
Viral infections shared between water buffaloes and small ruminants in Switzerland
Authors: Lechmann Julia , Ackermann Mathias , Kaiser Vanessa , Bachofen Claudia
Published: June 2021

Importation of exotic animals that may harbor infectious agents poses risks for native species with potentially severe impacts on animal health and animal production. Although the Asian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) population in Europe is steadily increasing, its susceptibility to viral infections and its role for interspecies transmission is largely unknown. To identify viral infections that are shared between exotic water buffaloes and native small ruminants, we collected blood samples from 3 Swiss farms on which water buffaloes were kept either without, or together with, sheep or goats. These samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) as well as by selected conventional tests, including PCR, ELISA, and in some cases a virus neutralization test. By NGS, a novel virus of the genus Gemykrogvirus (GyKV; Genomoviridae) was first detected in the buffaloes on one farm, and subsequently confirmed by PCR, and was also detected in the co-housed sheep. In contrast, this virus was not detected in buffaloes on the farms without sheep. Moreover, conventional methods identified a number of viral infections that were not shared between the exotic and the native animals, and provided evidence for potential roles of water buffaloes in the epidemiology of ruminant pestiviruses, especially bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and possibly bovine alphaherpesvirus 2. Our results clearly indicate that water buffaloes are susceptible to interspecies viral transmission and may act as intermediate hosts, or even as reservoirs, for these viruses.
From green to ripe: Dynamics of peacemaking in Colombia (1998–2016)
Authors: Ríos Jerónimo , Hidalgo Manuel , Medina Luis Fernando
Published: June 2021

Armed conflict in Colombia with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) was only settled after 50 years and several attempts at negotiations. This sequence of events fits the pattern of “conflict ripeness” first proposed by William Zartman. But using a successful settlement as a way to determine ripeness can be tautological. To address this issue, we develop a formal model to identify the level of ripeness at which a conflict is settled. In an overripe conflict both parties end up spending resources in a military build-up that is out of proportion with what they obtain in the final settlement. We show that such overripeness is exacerbated by the access to resources and by the factional heterogeneity within the two sides. We illustrate these dynamics by looking in detail at the attempts at negotiation between Colombia’s government and the FARC-EP. To that end, we combine statistical data, some previously undisclosed, and interviews with some key participants.
Nociception and Pain: New Roles for Exosomes
Authors: Cata Juan P. , Uhelski Megan L. , Gorur Aysegul , Dougherty Patrick M.
Published: June 2021

The interchange of information from one cell to another relies on the release of hundreds of different molecules including small peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, RNA, steroids, retinoids, or fatty acid metabolites. Many of them are released to the extracellular matrix as free molecules and others can be part of the cargo of cellular vesicles. Small extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm), also known as exosomes, are a known mechanism of cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system. Exosomes participate in the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. However, exciting emerging evidence demonstrates that exosomes also regulate mechanisms of the sensory process including nociception. The goal of this review is to summarize the literature on exosome biogenesis, methods of small vesicle isolation and purification, and their role in nociception. We also provide insights on the potential applications of exosomes as pain biomarkers or as novel therapeutics.
Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients With Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Liang Kai , Fu Ying , Kang Yi , Shao Huanzhang , Yang Jianxu , Cui Mingzhe , Zhai Shuiting
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with VTE, to help develop preventive measures for venous thromboembolism (VTE in COVID-19) cases. COVID-19 patients admitted to Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 23, 4 and 8 cases with mild to moderate, severe and critical symptoms, respectively. VTE incidence, age at onset, relevant laboratory parameters and prognosis were analyzed. Overall, VTE incidence in the 35 patients was 20.0%, occurring in severe (n = 1) and critical (n = 6) cases. D-dimer showed statistical significance in laboratory examination, representing except a diagnostic index and especial can be a prognostic factor in VTE among COVID-19 patients. Severe and critical COVID-19 cases had significantly reduced platelet counts, with a risk of hemorrhage. During treatment, the risk of both hemorrhage and thrombosis should be considered. VTE occurs in COVID-19 cases, affecting individuals with severe and critical symptoms. Significant D-dimer increase is of great significance in the risk assessment of death in critical cases of COVID-19. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent VTE during treatment.
Transgender and Gender Diverse Community Connection, Help-Seeking, and Mental Health Among Black Transgender Women Who Have Survived Violence: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Sherman Athena D. F. , Allgood Sarah , Alexander Kamila A. , Klepper Meredith , Balthazar Monique S. , Hill Miranda , Cannon Christopher M. , Dunn Deborah , Poteat Tonia , Campbell Jacquelyn
Published: June 2021

Black transgender women are disproportionately affected by violence and poor care-delivery, contributing to poor mental health. Little is known regarding the effect of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) community connection (TCC) on health. This analysis (a) explores relationships between TCC, polyvictimization, and mental health and (b) analyzes how TCC influenced help-seeking following violent experiences among Black transgender women. Mixed-methods data from 19 Black transgender women were analyzed using correlational and thematic content analyses. Findings suggest that TCC is associated with improved help-seeking and mental health among Black transgender women, highlighting a need for longitudinal research to identify approaches for leveraging TCC.
Intersectionality and Femicide: Palestinian Women’s Experiences With the Murders of Their Beloved Female Relatives
Authors: Daher-Nashif Suhad
Published: June 2021

This article examines how the intersectionality between political, socio-cultural, and demographic factors influences femicide events and women’s experiences in Gaza. Based on the testimonies of 13 female first-degree relatives of murdered women and 7 professionals, the article suggests the “politicological” logic of femicide to highlight the interrelationship between Israel’s political and Palestinians’ patriarchal control of the killed, the bereaved, and women’s lives in Gaza. The article reveals that while all murderers are free and some have even fled Gaza, all women remain trapped in an immense political and patriarchal prison, lacking basic feelings of safety and the right to live.
“Building Together” in Baltimore? Corporate Megadevelopment and Coalitions for Community Power
Authors: King P. Nicole , Rich Meghan Ashlin
Published: June 2021

We consider how various coalitions influence redevelopment projects in cities, especially as communities demand more inclusion in the development process. Based on qualitative research, we investigate the approval process for the 235-acre megadevelopment project at Port Covington in Baltimore, Maryland, and how stakeholders, including developers, community-based organizations, politicians, and impacted community members view the project, the tax increment financing (TIF) granted by the city, and community benefits agreements (CBAs). Community leaders leaned hard on the development corporation, demanding community and city-wide benefits before a TIF could be approved. We analyze the processes of the Port Covington CBA within the context of the political and economic dynamics of Baltimore. This case study adds to our understanding of how communities respond to corporate-led developments through coalition building, effectively gaining power in how elite governing regimes dictate development in cities.
Are There Resilient Children with ADHD?
Authors: Chan Elizabeth S.M. , Groves Nicole B. , Marsh Carolyn L. , Miller Caroline E. , Richmond Kijana P. , Kofler Michael J.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The adverse outcomes associated with ADHD are well known, but less is known about the minority of children with ADHD who may be flourishing despite this neurodevelopmental risk. The present multi-informant study is an initial step in this direction with the basic but unanswered question: Are there resilient children with ADHD?

Method:

Reliable change analysis of the BASC-3 Resiliency subscale for a clinically evaluated sample of 206 children with and without ADHD (ages 8–13; 81 girls; 66.5% White/Non-Hispanic).

Results

Most children with ADHD are perceived by their parents and teachers as resilient (52.8%–59.2%), with rates that did not differ from the comorbidity-matched Non-ADHD sample.

Conclusion

Exploratory analyses highlighted the importance of identifying factors that promote resilience for children with ADHD specifically, such that some child characteristics were promotive (associated with resilience for both groups), some were protective (associated with resilience only for children with ADHD), and some were beneficial only for children without ADHD.
2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines
Authors: Ray Michael , Carney Hazel C , Boynton Beth , Quimby Jessica , Robertson Sheilah , St Denis Kelly , Tuzio Helen , Wright Bonnie
Published: June 2021

The ‘2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines’ are authored by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine and serve as an update and extension of those published in 2009. They emphasize the individual patient evaluation and the process of aging, with references to other feline practice guidelines for a more complete discussion of specific diseases. Focusing on each cat encourages and empowers the owner to become a part of the cat’s care every step of the way. A comprehensive discussion during the physical examination and history taking allows for tailoring the approach to both the cat and the family involved in the care. Videos and analysis of serial historical measurements are brought into the assessment of each patient. These Guidelines introduce the emerging concept of frailty, with a description and methods of its incorporation into the senior cat assessment. Minimum database diagnostics are discussed, along with recommendations for additional investigative considerations. For example, blood pressure assessment is included as a minimum diagnostic procedure in both apparently healthy and ill cats. Cats age at a much faster rate than humans, so practical timelines for testing frequency are included and suggest an increased frequency of diagnostics with advancing age. The importance of nutrition, as well as senior cat nutritional needs and deficiencies, is considered. Pain is highlighted as its own syndrome, with an emphasis on consideration in every senior cat. The Task Force discusses anesthesia, along with strategies to allow aging cats to be safely anesthetized well into their senior years. The medical concept of quality of life is addressed with the latest information available in veterinary medicine. This includes end of life considerations like palliative and hospice care, as well as recommendations on the establishment of ‘budgets of care’, which greatly influence what can be done for the individual cat. Acknowledgement is given that each cat owner will be different in this regard; and establishing what is reasonable and practical for the individual owner is important. A discussion on euthanasia offers some recommendations to help the owner make a decision that reflects the best interests of the individual cat.
X-ray-guided and ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to treat arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in hemodialysis patients: A retrospective controlled study
Authors: Gan Zhen , Zhou Liang , Wu Xian , Gu Chun-Feng , He Xu , Guo Jin-He
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To compare the safety and efficacy of X-ray-guided and ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in treating arteriovenous fistula dysfunction.

Materials and methods:

Data for 219 patients with arteriovenous fistula dysfunction between January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoints were technical success, clinical success, and primary patency rates. The secondary endpoints were complications and secondary patency rates. Procedure outcomes and both endpoints were evaluated by propensity score analysis.

Results:

After the propensity score matching, 73 matched pairs of cases were created with 34 pairs of autogenous arteriovenous fistula cases and 39 pairs of prosthetic arteriovenous graft cases. There was no significant difference between the X-ray-guided and ultrasound-guided group, respectively, regarding the technical success rate (84.9% vs 87.7%, p = 0.630), clinical success rate (98.6% vs 97.3%, p = 0.999), and complications (10.9% vs 5.5%, p = 0.228). Although the 6- and 12-month secondary patency rates for the dialysis access between the two groups had significant difference ( p < 0.05), there was no significant difference in primary and secondary patency curves between the two groups ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The overall efficacy of ultrasound-guided versus X-ray-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in treating arteriovenous fistula dysfunction might be comparable.
Internet users’ utopian/dystopian imaginaries of society in the digital age: Theorizing critical digital literacy and civic engagement
Authors: Polizzi Gianfranco
Published: June 2021

This article proposes a theoretical framework for how critical digital literacy, conceptualized as incorporating Internet users’ utopian/dystopian imaginaries of society in the digital age, facilitates civic engagement. To do so, after reviewing media literacy research, it draws on utopian studies and political theory to frame utopian thinking as relying dialectically on utopianism and dystopianism. Conceptualizing critical digital literacy as incorporating utopianism/dystopianism prescribes that constructing and deploying an understanding of the Internet’s civic potentials and limitations is crucial to pursuing civic opportunities. The framework proposed, which has implications for media literacy research and practice, allows us to (1) disentangle users’ imaginaries of civic life from their imaginaries of the Internet, (2) resist the collapse of critical digital literacy into civic engagement that is understood as inherently progressive, and (3) problematize polarizing conclusions about users’ interpretations of the Internet as either crucial or detrimental to their online engagement.
The Strange Silence of Latin American Political Theory
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Cristian
Published: June 2021

Political theorists affiliated with Latin American and Caribbean academic institutions rarely publish in flagship journals or other important outlets of the discipline. Similarly, they are not members of the editorial boards of high-ranking, generalist or subfield journals, and their research is not included in the political theory canon of what students from other regions study. The aim of this article is not to explain the origins of this silence—though some possibilities are considered—but to describe some of the ways in which it manifests and why it matters. I argue that the exclusion or omission of Latin American and Caribbean voices is a negative outcome not only for Latin American and Caribbean political theorist but for the political theory subfield at large. In response, I defend a context-sensitive approach to political theory, which has the potential to provide greater voice to Latin American and Caribbean scholars while improving theoretical analysis of Latin America and Caribbean.