bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of foaming agent and nanoparticle fillers on the properties of irradiated rubber
Authors: Eyssa Hanan M. , El Mogy Soma A. , Youssef Hussein A.
Published: December 2020

A sponge rubber nanocomposite based on styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) or nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers with various foaming agent contents was produced by a simple technique, roll milling. The nanoparticles were examined by different techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR). The sponge rubber nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis before and after exposures to radiation doses, as well as by the XRD patterns for the unirradiated samples. The different properties of the obtained nanocomposites, including their foaming degree, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal conductivity, were also investigated. The foam composites containing nano-CaCO3 possessed the best cell and crosslinking densities and mechanical properties among the other composites, while its foaming degree was the lowest. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity was reduced by increasing the foaming agent concentration. However, it increased as the radiation dose increased, and the optimum radiation dose was obtained at 75 kGy. The foam containing MMT exhibited an intermediate behavior while high thermal conductivity was recorded for the foam containing the CaCO3 nanoparticles.
Genetic Algorithm as Automated Valuation Model Component in Real Estate Investment Decisions System
Authors: Chmielewska Aneta , Adamiczka Jerzy , Romanowski Michał
Published: December 2020

Every real-estate related investment decision making process calls for the careful analysis of available information even though it is often carried out in conditions of uncertainty. The paper attempts to minimize the impact of the factor on the quality of real estate investment decisions through the proposal of application of tools based on the simulation of the process of natural selection and biological evolution. The aim of the study is to analyze the potential of methodology based on genetic algorithms (GA) to build automated valuation models (AVM) in uncertainty conditions and support investment decisions on the real estate market. The developed model facilitates the selection of properties adequate to the adopted assumptions, i.e. individuals best suited to the environment. The tool can be used by real estate investment advisors and potential investors on the market to predict future processes and the proper confrontation of past events with planned events. Even though genetic algorithms are tools that have already found particular application on real estate market, there are still areas that need further studies in the case of more effective uses. The obtained results allow for the possibilities and barriers of applying GA to real estate market analyses to be defined.
A new kernel-projective statistical estimator in the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Mikhailov Gennady A. , Tracheva Natalya V. , Ukhinov Sergey A.
Published: December 2020

In the present paper, we propose a new combined kernel-projective statistical estimator of the two-dimensional distribution density, where the first ‘main’ variable is processed with the kernel estimator, and the second one is processed with the projective estimator for the conditional distribution density. In this case, statistically estimated coefficients of some orthogonal expansion of the conditional distribution density are used for each ‘kernel’ interval defined by a micro-sample. The root-mean-square optimization of such an estimator is performed under the assumptions concerning the convergence rate of the used orthogonal expansion. The numerical study of the constructed estimator is implemented for angular distributions of the radiation flux forward-scattered and backscattered by a layer of matter. A comparative analysis of the results is performed for molecular and aerosol scattering.
Bemerkungen zum ‚argentinischen‘ Borges
Authors: Küpper Joachim
Published: December 2020

This essay focusses on two short stories pertaining to that part of the Borgesian œuvre, which has attracted less scholarly attention than his world-famous fantastic stories (La biblioteca de Babel, El inmortal, El Aleph). The ‘Argentinian’ stories – such as El muerto, or Tema del traidor y del héroe – impress readers with their laconic diction and cynicism. Ultimately, however, they may seem to be limited to a sort of nineteenth-century mimeticism. Considering these texts in detail, it turns out that the elements conveyed by the narrator insinuate different versions of the respective story—all of which are compatible with the ‘real’ events they refer to. Consequently, the author’s mimetic tales share a conceptual framework with his fantastic yarns – precisely one that is committed to the basic assumptions of skepticism. In what follows, the essay relates Borges’ twentieth-century version of this noetic edifice to its Ancient foundations, as well as to the first ‘wave’ of Skepticism in European Modernity (Descartes; Calderón). The last section addresses the aesthetic dimension of the Borgesian short stories: how does philosophy (and epistemology especially) relate to literary fiction – that is, to a textual genre, whose primary function appears to be entertainment, based on fantasizing? Resuming the discussion of Borges’ philosophical position, the essay concludes by quoting some remarks by David Hume, which seem to give expression to an attitude towards skepticism that is shared by the Argentinian author.
Intermedial references and signification: Perception versus conception
Authors: Melnikova Irina
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on the issue of intermedial references, the matters of conditions, necessity and relevance of their interpretation. It discusses the question of semantic value of an intermedial reference rather than of its aesthetic, pragmatic, modal or other aspects. It considers the lack of coherence between the theoretical propositions of intermedial studies, grounded in the studies of intertextuality, and the practice of analysis. In theory, every intermedial reference configures semantic dialogue between qualified media (configurations), thus requires conceptualisation. Yet, the practice of analysis reveals that some of them perform exclusively aesthetic function and invite to keep reception within the limits of perception. Therefore I make an attempt to define the criteria of textual request for conceptualisation/interpretation set up in a text as such. I propose to revise the relevant insights of different intertextual and semiotic approaches, to perform their revision, modification and extension, to articulate possible solution and exemplify it by filmic references to painting.
DNA methylation changes in genes involved in inflammation and depression in fibromyalgia: a pilot study
Authors: Gerra Maria Carla , Carnevali Davide , Pedersen Inge Søkilde , Donnini Claudia , Manfredini Matteo , González-Villar Alberto , Triñanes Yolanda , Pidal-Miranda Marina , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Carrillo-de-la-Peña Maria Teresa
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The present pilot study aims to investigate DNA methylation changes of genes related to fibromyalgia (FM) development and its main comorbid symptoms, including sleep impairment, inflammation, depression and other psychiatric disorders. Epigenetic modifications might trigger or perpetuate complex interplay between pain transduction/transmission, central pain processing and experienced stressors in vulnerable individuals.

Methods

We conducted DNA methylation analysis by targeted bisulfite NGS sequencing testing differential methylation in 112 genomic regions from leukocytes of eight women with FM and their eight healthy sisters as controls.

Results

Tests for differentially methylated regions and cytosines brought focus on the GRM2 gene, encoding the metabotropic glutamate receptor2. The slightly increased DNA methylation observed in the GRM2 region of FM patients may confirm the involvement of the glutamate pathway in this pathological condition. Logistic regression highlighted the simultaneous association of methylation levels of depression and inflammation-related genes with FM.

Conclusions

Altogether, the results evidence the glutamate pathway involvement in FM and support the idea that a combination of methylated and unmethylated genes could represent a risk factor to FM or its consequence, more than single genes. Further studies on the identified biomarkers could contribute to unravel the causative underlying FM mechanisms, giving reliable directions to research, improving the diagnosis and effective therapies.
Judicial Review of Democracy. Maintenance of Democracy as a Functionalist Mission in the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Kosovo
Authors: Hasani Enver
Published: December 2020

Using Kosovo and its constitutional jurisprudence as a case study, this paper discusses the role of constitutional courts as agents for implementing a democratic project on behalf of the sovereign as the principal. It discusses that role primarily from the point of view of the court’s functional intervention in improving the behaviour of the three branches of government. The paper begins by unveiling the historical development of constitutional justice, with as its focus the concept of new constitutionalism and the European/Kelsenian model encountered in Kosovo. It discusses too the theories of delegation of power, the contractual relationship, and trust between sovereigns and constitutional adjudicators in the context of subjects connected with this article. To present scenarios where the court manifests itself as a negative legislator, a positive legislator, and as an influencer of attitudes, the article includes convincing illustrations from both legal theory and case-law.
Erziehungskrisen in der familialen Lebenspraxis – ein Annäherungsversuch
Authors: Franzheld Tobias , Schierbaum Anja
Published: December 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag beschäftigen wir uns mit der Frage, welche Bedeutung Erziehungskrisen für die familiale Lebenspraxis besitzen. Wir nutzen konkrete Krisensituationen in Familien, um Rückschlüsse auf die familiale Erziehungspraxis zu ziehen. Einleitend unterscheiden wir zwischen einer KrisederErziehung und Krisenin derErziehung. Anschließend zeigt ein Blick auf den Forschungsstand zur Familienerziehung, dass Erziehungskrisen, auch wenn der Zusammenhang von Familienalltag und -erziehung empirisch untersucht wird, bislang keinen Eingang in die Erziehungsforschung gefunden haben. Methodologisch stehen unsere Überlegungen im Zusammenhang zur Objektiven Hermeneutik, mit der wir den ‚pathologischen‘ Charakter von Krisen kritisch reflektieren und entsprechend des familialen Beziehungs- und Handlungssystems kontextualisieren. Empirisch widmet sich der Beitrag der Textinterpretation eines Interviewprotokolls mit einer Jugendlichen, die sich, so unsere Deutung, aufgrund einer Erziehungskrise an eine Schutzeinrichtung der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe wendet. Vor dem Hintergrund ihres öffentlich kommunizierten Schutzbedürfnisses kann von einer durchlebten Krise im familialen Beziehungs und Handlungssystem ausgegangen werden, deren Bedeutung wir auf der Grundlage des Interviewprotokolls mit der Heranwachsenden im Nachgang ihrer Selbstmeldung sequenzanalytisch erschließen.
Impedance analysis of porous electrode structures in batteries and fuel cells
Authors: Weber André
Published: December 2020

Today technical electrodes in batteries and fuel cells rely on complex multiphase microstructures that facilitate electronic, ionic and, in case of fuel cells, diffusive gas transport to the active reaction sites distributed in the electrode volume. The impedance of such electrodes can be described by the well-established transmission line model (TLM) approach. In a TLM, transport, charge transfer phenomena and capacitive effects are coupled considering microstructural features of the electrode. Its application for impedance data analysis of technical cells is challenging as the TLM impedance extends over a wide frequency range and quite often a strong overlapping with other contributions takes place.

In this paper the application of the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) to the analysis of technical electrodes in batteries and fuel cells is elucidated. Different examples how to apply the DRT to analyze impedance spectra of solid oxide-, polymer electrolyte- and lithium ion-cells will be discussed. It will be shown that the TLM is usually represented by multiple peaks in the DRT, which might be strongly affected if contributions of different electrode layers overlap in the spectra. Related error sources and countermeasures are illustrated. Approaches how the DRT can be applied for the analysis of measured spectra and how it is able to support CNLS-fitting are presented.
Two luminescent d
10 metal coordination polymers based on 3-nitro-5-(pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid
Authors: Tang Long , Wang HuanHuan , Fu YuHao , Hou XiangYang , Wang Xiao , Wang JiJiang
Published: December 2020

Two new coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn(npba)2] (1) and [Cd(npba)2] (2), have been hydrothermally synthesized from Zn(NO3)2·6H2O/Cd(NO3)2·6H2O and 3-nitro-5-(pyridin-3-yl) benzoic acid (Hnpba). The products have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In CP 1, the four-coordinated Zn(II) centers are bridged by npba ligands to generate chains, which are connected through arene π–π stacking interactions to generate a layer structure. In CP 2, the six-coordinated Cd(II) centers are also bridged by npba ligands to form chains with similar connectivity. The photoluminescence properties of CPs 1 and 2 were studied.
Centriolar distal appendages activate the centrosome‐PIDDosome‐p53 signalling axis via ANKRD26
Authors: Burigotto Matteo , Mattivi Alessia , Migliorati Daniele , Magnani Giovanni , Valentini Chiara , Roccuzzo Michela , Offterdinger Martin , Pizzato Massimo , Schmidt Alexander , Villunger Andreas , Maffini Stefano , Fava Luca L
Published: December 2020

Centrosome amplification results into genetic instability and predisposes cells to neoplastic transformation. Supernumerary centrosomes trigger p53 stabilization dependent on the PIDDosome (a multiprotein complex composed by PIDD1, RAIDD and Caspase‐2), whose activation results in cleavage of p53’s key inhibitor, MDM2. Here, we demonstrate that PIDD1 is recruited to mature centrosomes by the centriolar distal appendage protein ANKRD26. PIDDosome‐dependent Caspase‐2 activation requires not only PIDD1 centrosomal localization, but also its autoproteolysis. Following cytokinesis failure, supernumerary centrosomes form clusters, which appear to be necessary for PIDDosome activation. In addition, in the context of DNA damage, activation of the complex results from a p53‐dependent elevation of PIDD1 levels independently of centrosome amplification. We propose that PIDDosome activation can in both cases be promoted by an ANKRD26‐dependent local increase in PIDD1 concentration close to the centrosome. Collectively, these findings provide a paradigm for how centrosomes can contribute to cell fate determination by igniting a signalling cascade.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF GREEN-BUILDING ADOPTION AMONG CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN SAUDI ARABIA: THE EFFECT OF PROACTIVE ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR, GREEN PRODUCT INNOVATION, AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
Authors: Alkahtani Asem , Nordin Norfarah
Published: December 2020

Saudi Arabia is facing the rising of the global population and high resource use. The country needs to inculcate the adoption of sustainable practices, i.e. green building practices. However, adopting green building practices for a sustainable future requires fundamental changes in the way contractors build houses. This paper endeavours to conceptualize the elements that contribute to the adoption of green building among the contraction companies in Riyadh. Literature reviews and government document reviews are used for the conceptualization of the framework. Based on the resource-based view theory, the factors are conceptualized with small and medium-sized enterprise contractors as the subject of focus. This paper proposes that green builders or the construction companies’ internal resources, i.e. proactive entrepreneurial behaviour, are hypothesized to influence green building adoption. However, risk-taking and green product innovation are proposed to mediate the relationships. These factors are moderated by Saudi Arabian government support, financial and non-financial. By addressing these factors regarding green building practices, Saudi Arabia would be able to achieve sustainable development in the housing of its citizens.
A Model of the Geological Structure and the Oil and Gas Prospects of Neocomian (Berriasian–Lower Aptian) Sediments of the West Siberia Arctic Regions and the Kara Sea Shelf
Authors: Kontorovich V.A.
Published: December 2020

—The paper presents a model of the geologic structure of Neocomian (Berriasian–lower Aptian) sediments in the Arctic regions of West Siberia and on the shelf of the Kara Sea. The southern part of the Kara Sea is the northern end of the West Siberian sedimentary basin and is identified as the South Kara regional depression of the West Siberian oil and gas province (OGP). Structural and tectonic analysis was performed, and 97 oil- and gas-promising anticlinal objects (structures of ranks III–IV) were identified in the Neocomian megacomplex relief, including 61 on the continent and 36 on the shelf. In the Yamal and Gydan oil and gas areas (OGA), the Neocomian complex of sediments has a structure typical of West Siberia. The megacomplex includes clinoform and shelf complexes. Clinoforms resulted from the ablation of terrigenous material from the eastern and southeastern edges of the plate and are tilted in the northwestern direction; the depocenter within which the eastern and western clinoforms converge is located in the Urals zone, west of the Nurmin megaswell. In the South Kara regional depression, the Berriasian–lower Aptian megacomplex is also represented by clinoform and shelf complexes. On the Kara Sea shelf, Neocomian clinoforms are tilted in the southern, western, and eastern directions; they resulted from the ablation of sediments from the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and the Siberian Sill. Throughout most of the South Kara regional depression, clinoforms have a typical structure and contain shelf and Achim sandstones that can concentrate significant volumes of hydrocarbons; in the northeast, in the pre-sill zone, clinoform deposits will be represented by poorly sorted “dump” sandstones.
Cambio de estilo y proyección de estatus: tratamientos en la correspondencia cortesana de principios del s. XVI
Authors: Calderón-Campos Miguel
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza el estilo personal del conde de Tendilla, capitán general del reino de Granada, en su último epistolario (1513- 1515). En concreto, se centra en el análisis de los cambios de tratamiento en función de la imagen que el conde quiere proyectar de sí mismo y de los efectos que pretende provocar en el destinatario. Las cartas revelan dos esquemas básicos de trato: 1) voseo etimológico; 2) tratamientos indirectos (vuestra merced, vuestra señoría, vuestra alteza) con concordancia semántica o sintáctica, en función de la valoración social y del tono afectivo de la carta. El estudio muestra un variadísimo repertorio de estrategias gramaticales y discursivas, como el carácter directo de vos, que permite acortar la distancia entre los interlocutores, el recurso al vocativo señor como mecanismo de deferencia y atenuación, y el empleo de las fórmulas indirectas para reconocer el estatus nobiliario del interlocutor.
Vibratory driving of piles and sheet piles – state of practice
Authors: Rainer Massarsch K. , Wersäll Carl , Fellenius Bengt H.
Published: December 2020

The installation of piles by vibratory methods is discussed and illustrated by case histories. The influence of vibration frequency – which can be controlled during vibratory driving but not during impact driving – on pile penetration, bearing capacity and emission of vibration is examined. The driving process affects the performance of vibratory-driven piles more strongly than impact-driven piles. Concepts are presented for assessing driveability. The importance of resonance of the vibrator–pile–soil system (system resonance) for driveability and pile bearing capacity is explained. Ground vibrations measured on and below the ground surface show that strong oscillating horizontal stresses are generated. These stresses can temporarily reduce the shaft resistance during driving, which can explain why vibratory driving is effective even in dense granular soils. Model tests show that, in granular soils, the bearing capacity of piles vibrated after driving at system resonance is significantly higher than that of piles installed only at high frequency. A concept is described suggesting that, during vibratory driving at high frequency, a zone is created adjacent to the pile shaft where the normal effective stress acting against the pile shaft is reduced due to arching. This arching effect can explain the reduced shaft resistance of piles installed at high frequency.
Briefing: Construction of RC buildings – ICITECH's experience over the last 30 years
Authors: Buitrago Manuel , Calderón Pedro A. , Moragues Juan J. , Adam José M.
Published: December 2020

This paper contains a summary of the experience obtained by researchers at the Instituto Universitario de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH) at Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain), in the last 30 years of investigating reinforced concrete building structures under construction. During this period, ambitious experimental campaigns and advanced computational simulations have been carried out, and new analytical methods have been formulated to assess slab–falsework load transmissions in buildings under construction. From all these campaigns the following main conclusions can be derived. First, it is important to consider construction processes when planning building projects. Second, the use of analytical methods to evaluate construction processes need to be adapted to the current requirements of efficiency and sustainability. Third, there is a need to improve the robustness of temporary shoring or propping structures. Improving the construction sector necessarily involves the implementation of the above measures in buildings under construction and the use of new monitoring and inspection technologies for the construction processes applied.
Conserved Peptides Recognition by Ensemble of Neural Networks for Mining Protein Data – LPMO Case Study
Authors: Dotsenko G.S. , Dotsenko A.S.
Published: December 2020

Mining protein data is a recent promising area of modern bioinformatics. In this work, we suggested a novel approach for mining protein data – conserved peptides recognition by ensemble of neural networks (CPRENN). This approach was applied for mining lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in 19 ascomycete, 18 basidiomycete, and 18 bacterial proteomes. LPMOs are recently discovered enzymes and their mining is of high relevance for biotechnology of lignocellulosic materials. CPRENN was compared with two conventional bioinformatic methods for mining protein data – profile hidden Markov models (HMMs) search (HMMER program) and peptide pattern recognition (PPR program combined with Hotpep application). The maximum number of hypothetical LPMO amino acid sequences was discovered by HMMER. Profile HMMs search proved to be more sensitive method for mining LPMOs than conserved peptides recognition. Totally, CPRENN found 76 %, 67 %, and 65 % of hypothetical ascomycete, basidiomycete, and bacterial LPMOs discovered by HMMER, respectively. For AA9, AA10, and AA11 families which contain the major part of all LPMOs in the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy), CPRENN and PPR + Hotpep found 69–98 % and 62–95 % of amino acid sequences discovered by HMMER, respectively. In contrast with PPR + Hotpep, CPRENN possessed perfect precision and provided more complete mining of basidiomycete and bacterial LPMOs.
La arquitectura del poder: los edificios omeyas del "Tablero alto" y su integración en la almunia de al-Ruṣāfa (Córdoba)
Authors: Clapés Salmoral Rafael
Published: December 2020

Las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas en varios solares de la zona conocida como el Tablero alto, al norte de la ciudad de Córdoba, han exhumado una serie de edificios de gran envergadura que remiten a la construcción de una almunia de época omeya en este sector. Pese a la parcialidad de los resultados obtenidos, su puesta en conjunto permite atisbar cómo se estructuró la ocupación islámica y cómo evolucionó a lo largo del tiempo que se mantuvo en uso. Además, a nivel macroespacial, su inserción dentro de un territorio más amplio dominado por la almunia de al-Ruṣāfa lleva a plantear la relación de estos edificios con los terrenos escogidos por ‘Abd al-Raḥmān I para instalar su finca a los pies de la sierra cordobesa.
Céramiques glaçurées et à décor vert et brun des épaves islamiques de Provence (fin IXe-début Xe siècle)
Authors: Richarté-Manfredi Chaterine
Published: December 2020

Aborder le thème des mobiliers céramiques glaçurés, qui constituent une part, somme toute, assez modeste des cargaisons étudiées des épaves islamiques de Provence, revêt toutefois une importance cruciale en terme de diffusion des techniques et savoir-faire en Méditerranée du haut Moyen Âge. Les produits transportés par les navires à partir des côtes du sud-est et du Levant ibérique permettent de cerner, au plus juste, la datation de ces « ensembles clos » engloutis. Par ailleurs, la confrontation de ces données avec celles du sud-est péninsulaire (Pechina/Alméria) est tout à fait indispensable pour la compréhension de cette dynamique commerciale du haut Moyen Âge méditerranéen.
Introducción
Authors: Salinas Pleguezuelo Elena
Published: December 2020

La cerámica islámica ha tenido un importante papel en los estudios de arqueología e historia medieval. Su relevancia como objeto clave de la cultura material es innegable debido a sus características, entre las que destacamos su omnipresencia y su indestructibilidad, cualidades que permiten que encontremos fragmentos de cerámica en todos los yacimientos arqueológicos. Así, se ha utilizado como fósil guía para datar las fases de las excavaciones, para conocer la organización del sistema de producción y distribución, para trazar el alcance de las rutas comerciales medievales, para comprender el simbolismo político o religioso de las dinastías gobernantes, o acercarnos a la vida cotidiana de las sociedades medievales, por citar algunos ejemplos.
Energy efficiency in cleanrooms and separative devices: ISO 14644-16, outreach article
Authors: Gibbons Dick
Published: December 2020

The ISO 14644 family of cleanroom standards has been at the center of international cleanroom standards development for many years and covers most facets of cleanroom activity and cleanroom types from large ballroom cleanrooms to isolators and clean tunnels. The series is under constant review and is still expanding.

Recent documents that have been released concern the quantification of airborne and surface chemical concentrations, nanoparticles and the selection and testing of equipment used within these rooms. However, apart from some misleading information in the original Part 4 design document, questions concerning the energy demands from air purification processing have been overlooked. Nationally, institutions such as the BSI in UK, DIN- VDI in Germany and IEST in the USA have produced limited information on the topic, but Part 16 is the first standard to be internationally agreed upon.

The key new features of the standard are a) the preparation of an accurate User Requirement Specification (URS), b) a practical method for estimating the volume of supply air needed to maintain the specified ISO room classifications in operation, c) tuning and d) benchmarking. An informative annex develops three useful metrics for benchmarking: power intensity for contamination removal (PICR), fan energy intensity for contamination removal (EICR) and energy intensity (EI).
Comparison of the Aerosol Photometer and Light Scattering Airborne Particle Counter (LSAPC) Methods for Installed Filter System Leak Testing
Authors: Thaveau Bernard , Vanhee Jean-Michel
Published: December 2020

The installed filter system leak test method for cleanrooms and clean zones is described in ISO 14644-3, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 3: Test method. Portions of the methods in ISO 14644-3 were adapted from IEST-RP-CC034.4[Schaumburg, Illinois, US: Institute of Environmental Science and Technology], which provides a set of recommended procedures for leak testing HEPA and ULPA filters in situ (in the field) with the aerosol photometer test method and the light scattering airborne particle counter (LSAPC) test method. Leak testing is performed to confirm that the final high efficiency air filter system is properly installed by verifying the absence of bypass leakage in the installation, and that the filters are free of defects (small holes and other damage in the filter medium, frame, seal and leaks in the filter bank framework).

This study was conducted to compare the aerosol photometer and LSAPC methods. Testing in the study consisted of creating artificial leaks in the filter system, measuring the upstream and downstream concentrations with the aerosol photometer and with the LSAPC, and comparing the filter leak penetration results. Comparison testing was applied to the procedure for the installed terminal panel filter system leakage scan test (stationary measurement) and the procedure for evaluating overall leakage of high-airflow box-type filters mounted in a duct or air-handling unit (AHU) (overall leakage test). It was found that the aerosol photometer and the LSAPC gave similar results for filter leakage within experimental error.

The comparison of the leakage scan tests (stationary measurement) showed that the penetration calculated for the channel ≥ 0.3 μm of the LSAPC with an air flow rate of 1cu ft/min (CFM) (28.3 l/min) was very similar to the penetration measured with the aerosol photometer for a leakage level >0.01 % of the upstream concentration. The comparison result of the overall leakage test showed that overall total penetration values, obtained after dilution of artificial calibrated leaks in the filter media, were identical, within the measurement uncertainty, for particles ≥0.3 μm whether the sampling rate of the LSAPC was 1 CFM (28.3 l/min) or 50 l/min.

Several recommendations are provided. In particular, for filters mounted in a duct or AHU where the filter function is critical, the recommended method is the leakage scan test method, using a grid sampling method in a plane downstream of the filter (as agreed between customer and supplier).
Inter-comparison of environmental low-cost sensors on Arduino platform
Authors: Scagliotti Ariel Fabricio , Jorge Guillermo Antonio
Published: December 2020

Low-cost sensors for relative humidity, pressure, and ambient temperature have begun to be used regularly for different applications in which the measurement or control of systems or processes is required using an affordable technology. However, in most cases, reliable information about their performance, capabilities, and limitations is not available. In this work, we aim to establish a systematic comparison between different sensors widely used in conjunction with the Arduino platform, such as the DS18b20, DHT11, BMP180, and BME280 sensors. Laboratory and field trials were performed to determine linearity, accuracy, precision, resolution, response times, and response to loss of power. The results indicate that these devices, despite having a very low cost, can provide relatively reliable information, taking into account their manufacturing characteristics and the specific use required. In turn, this work offers useful information to choose the sensor that best suits a particular project.
The Development of Contract Law in the Field of Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Brisov Yu. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper provides an overview of different legal approaches to structuring contractual relations based on blockchain technology. The author considers the USA experience of building blockchainoriented contractual relations to be cutting-edge legal solutions. The paper introduces the concept of a Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT). American investment lawyers invented this specific type of contract. SAFT shows the unique contractual solution that allows investors and inventors to form legal, contractual obligations that contradict neither American nor Russian contract law. The complexity of SAFT is also analyzed on the example of several recent blockchain projects and legal cases. The paper provides several approaches to optimizing Russian law and legal doctrine to new technological solutions. Among those are franchise, license, and loan agreements. The emphasis is made on the necessity of the implementation of new technology in the contract formation and amendment. The brief overview of COVID-19 challenges concerning the contract law doctrines of force majeure, hardship, frustration of contract are also analyzed in the scope of the paper’s central hypothesis, namely: blockchain solutions.
Regulations on the President of Vietnam
Authors: Minh Cao Vu , Phuoc Truong Tu
Published: December 2020

The term “Head of State” means the highest leader of a country. As a result of the difference in political regimes, organizational models and operation of supreme state power, this position is flexibly referred to as President, State President, King, Emperor, or Queen in different countries. In Vietnam, the Head of State is the President. This article analyzes Vietnam’s legal regulations concerning the office of the President.
Three unpublished Caesarean Sections, done by John Wysor
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: December 2020

Prof. Ayers says that the generally accepted 1O% of mortality from caesar section in medical statistics does not really represent actual mortality; the latter, in his opinion, should be much more, up to 30%. In view of this, he publishes 3 cases that have remained so far unknown.
Another case of air embolism with placenta braevia
Authors: Khazan S. Yu.
Published: December 2020

During the production of a combined turn in order to stop bleeding due to presentation of the child's seat at the very moment when the leg was captured, the pulse and respiration immediately stopped.
Multiple and ectopic pregnancies, as well as anomalies in the development of female genital organs, are considered from the point of view of the doctrine of human origin
Authors: Khazan S. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The teachings of Darwin and Haekel's, gave rise to the author's idea, whether some phenomena in the field of obstetrics, which are considered to be pathological, do not correspond only to a state characteristic of an earlier period of organic evolution.
About rotropritoneal care of the leg and the use of elastic constriction in myomotomies
Authors: Fintiktikov A.
Published: December 2020

Briefly, the case histories of 44 myomotomized according to the method introduced by prof. Cuzzi since 1890, A. indicates a significant simplification achieved when applying this method. The operation is performed as follows: an incision of the abdomen and peritoneum of the corresponding size is made; the uterus is freed from adhesions and, in its supravaginal part, is pulled over by a well-disinfected thin Nelaton catheter, the ends of which are folded crosswise and sutured with silk; the uterus is amputated an inch above the constriction; the stump is closed only by the peritoneum surrounding it, and finally, after the toilet, the abdominal wound is sutured.
About a new feature in the technique of local anesthesia with cocaine
Authors: Fintiktikov A.
Published: December 2020

On the basis of numerous experiments A. was able to prove that when injecting solutions of cocaine heated to t 50-55 C., the following advantages are obtained.
On the modern view of the essence and therapy of retroversion-retroflection of the uterus
Authors: Feinberg B. I.
Published: December 2020

The question of therapy for the above suffering of the female genital area has long been occupied by gynecologists, but since the publication of the new operational manual, almost simultaneously proposed by both Dhrssen and Mackenrodt (1892), it received a new impetus and became the subject of widespread discussion and controversy. unfortunately, only not always objective. The debate in the Berlin Gynecological Society and the discussion of the issue of interest to us at the congresses in Geneva and Frankfurt am Main (1896) also had the same imprint in the corresponding publications in the gynecological press. But not only the therapy of the said suffering, and its very essence, was subjected to a lively exchange of views, at which opinions were expressed sharply contradicting each other.
Removal of the uterus through the vagina with the replacement of ligatures with hemostatic tweezers
Authors: Sobestiansky E. M.
Published: December 2020

Having described the methods of removing the uterus through the vagina using tweezers and pointing out the advantages of tweezers over ligatures (simplicity, speed and easier operation technique: the postoperative period is shorter) and their disadvantages (the possibility of bleeding after removing the tweezers, bedsores on the peritoneal lining of the intestines and in the vagina), author proceeds to describe his case of canceris colli uteri, where he produced extirpatio uteri per vaginam in the manner of Pan-Doyen.
1. Two Cases of abdominal Section for intraperitoneal Haemorrhage due to ruptured ectopic gestation
2. Three fatal Cases of ectopic Gestation
3. Ectopic Molar pregnancy
4. A Case of plural ectopic gestation
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: December 2020

To the Vorrat l. a woman was brought in a state of collapse with a diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy; pulse 144, barely perceptible. The rupture occurred in 18 hours, there were fainting, vomiting. The abdomen is not distended, soft, the tumor cannot be felt from the outside, and per vaginam examination is not done to speed up the operation. When the abdomen was opened, the tissues were found bloodless: none of the vessels showed blood; a few pounds of liquid blood spilled out of the peritoneal cavity; clamps were placed on the stretched right fallopian tube and broad ligament, and the fallopian tube was excised along with the ovary; the rupture was near the uterus. The operated woman recovered, although W. did not count on it.
Polonizmy wśród białoruskich nazw procesów kognitywnych
Authors: Rudenka Alena
Published: December 2020

Badanie semantyki czasowników – nazw procesów kognitywnych – na materiale języka białoruskiego nie było dotychczas podejmowane. Jako specjalny podsystem leksykalno-semantyczny czasowniki w znaczeniu „procesy mentalne” na materiale innych języków również nie był wcześniej poddany badaniu. Aktualność tego artykułu wynika z braku kompleksowego opisu niniejszego zagadnienia leksykalno-semantycznego. Celem artykułu jest całościowy opis nazw procesów kognitywnych w języku białoruskim. Badaniu poddane zostały cechy semantyczne i składniowe każdego czasownika oraz rodzaje relacji między nimi. Zgodnie z czym definiowane są znaczenia leksykalne, typ każdego leksemu według rodzaju czynności; aktantnу typ czasownika oraz jego związki syntagmatyczne. W artykle zwraca się również uwagę, które czasowniki zapożyczono z języka polskiego i które przez jego pośrednictwo. Nazwy procesów kognitywnych zostały podzielone na kilka grup z semantyką ‘decydować, wnioskować’, ‘zgadnąć’, ‘zrozumieć’, ‘dowiedzieć się’, ‘zapamiętać’, ‘przypomnieć’. Spośród czterdziestu jednostek siedem zapożyczono z języka polskiego lub język polski pełnił rolę pośrednika w ich zapożyczeniu. W podgrupie semantycznej ‘decydować, wnioskować’ za pośrednictwem języka polskiego do białoruszczyzny zapożyczono leksemy дэдукаваць, разважыць, размеркаваць, разрахаваць. Trzy kolejne polonizmy mają semantykę ‘zrozumieć’, ‘dowiedzieć się’. Z języka polskiego zapożyczono wyrazy дапяць i распрацаваць. Brus. асэнсаваць ma korzenie łacińskie, ale do białoruszczyzny został zapożyczony przez polskie pośrednictwo. Wszystkie te leksemy, z wyjątkiem niedawnego zapożyczenia дапяць, były używane już w okresie starobiałoruskim. Są one przechodnie – taka sama rekcja była typowa dla tych czasowników w języku polskim. Czasownik дапяць używany jest bez obiektu lub ze zdaniem podrzędnym dopełnieniowym.
Comparative Study of an Augmented Reality Software Development Kit Suitable for Forensic Medicine Education
Authors:   the School of Manufacturing Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand, Tongprasom Krittiyaporn , Boongsood Wanwanut , Boongsood Woramon , Pipatchotitham Tossanai
Published: December 2020

In the process of creating an Augmented Reality (AR) system, there are various Augmented Reality Software Development Kits (AR SDK) available for development. Each AR SDK has different features. Therefore, a study has to be performed about which AR SDK is appropriate for implementation. This paper focuses on an AR system for Forensic Medicine education in Thailand, where drowning is one of the main causes of death. With the aim of a comparative study and selection, the AR SDK type suitable for use in creating an AR system for teaching Forensic Medicine is selected. The traditional teaching and learning method was studied. There were general requirements of SDKs which are recognition of objects in both 2D and 3D, recognition stability of immovable and movable markers, and supporting platforms both Android and iOS. It was found that Vuforia is an AR SDK suitable for use in Forensic Medicine education. Studying and comparing the various Vuforia feature types resulted in the image target and model target as appropriate methods for Forensic Medicine education in the case of investigating drowning.
Visual outcome in patients operated for traumatic cataract: A prospective hospital based study
Authors: Singhal Aparna , Sharma Anuj , M Sasirekha
Published: December 2020

Ocular trauma is the commonest cause of uniocular cataract in young individuals.

Aim of this study was to quantify the visual outcome in terms of visual acuity after removal of traumatic cataract and implantation of an IOL.

A prospective study was done in department of ophthalmology at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Andhra Pradesh. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System was used to classify ocular trauma. All patients underwent for detailed clinical history and ocular examinations including visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy and a B-Scan ultrasonography etc. Patients were followed up for 3 months postoperatively. The data was analyzed using suitable statistical tests.

Out of total 65 patients, 77% patients were males and 30.7% were less than 20 years of age. 66.2% patients sustained penetrating trauma while 33.8% got blunt injury. 9.2% cases had some degree of vision (6/30 to 6/120). After three months of surgery, 76.9% patients had visual acuity of >6/18. The difference in visual outcome at 3rd month evaluation between blunt and penetrating ocular injury was statistically insignificant (p=0.813). The younger age was significantly associated with better visual acuity (p=0.016). Patients receiving foldable IOL showed statistically better result (p=0.0231) as compared to rigid IOL.

Traumatic cataract occurs mostly in young, active males who are mostly illiterate. IOL is the treatment of choice. Younger age of the patient, early surgery, implantation of foldable lens in intact capsular bag are favorable factors for achieving good visual acuity (>6/18).
Mind the Gender Gap: A Picture of the Socioeconomic Trends Surrounding COVID-19 in the Caribbean with a Gender Lens
Authors: Giles Álvarez Laura , Khadan Jeetendra
Published: December 2020

This paper provides an insight on the gender impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Caribbean. The analysis makes use of the April 2020 online COVID-19 survey that the Inter-American Development conducted in all six Caribbean Country Department member countries. We find that the pandemic is having different effects on men and women. For example, job losses have been more prevalent amongst single-females, whilst business closures have been more prevalent amongst single-males. Quality of life also seems to have worsened more for single-females than for single-males and partners (married or common law partnership) and domestic violence against women has been on the rise. Although the coverage of social assistance programs has increased substantially during the pandemic, we find that more targeting of households with single females could be beneficial, particularly as they show lower levels of financial resilience. Going forward, we recommend further gender targeting in social assistance programs and the collection of gender-disaggregated data that will allow for more thorough investigation of the gender effects of these types of shocks.
Does the Commercial Bank's Loans Affect Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence for the Real Sector Economy in Kosovo (2005-2018)
Authors: Morina Fisnik , Özen Ercan
Published: December 2020

The study aims to analyze the impact of credit policies of commercial banks on financing and development of the real sector of Kosovo's economy. In this context, some statistical and econometric models and techniques have been applied in order to test the impact of commercial banks through the lending process in the development of the real sector of Kosovo's economy for the period 2005-2018, using time series on a monthly basis. The empirical results of this study prove that commercial banks through the lending process have had a positive substantive impact on the development of the real sector in the economy of Kosovo. Economic development cannot happen without the development of the private sector and banks are the ones who can help and are helping in this regard. This study will provide a theoretical and practical analysis of contemporary forms of real sector lending, as well as, the importance of credit policy reform in financing and developing this sector and provide empirical evidence of how much bank loans have affected in the development of the real sector of Kosovo's economy.
The Unwritten Saga of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients of Snakebite – An Observational Study from North Eastern India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kallol , Roy Sanjeeb
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Snakebite is one of the commonest occupational hazards in our country, especially among the rural population. It leads to a multitude of complications starting from localized cellulitis to even death. AKI is a significant as well as an under reported complication in patients of snake bite which has a tremendous impact on the final outcome. The unfavourable outcome in snake envenomation can be predicted early with the development of AKI. We wanted to assess the clinical profile of snakebite patients and determine the incidence of AKI in patients of snakebite. METHODS The study included 92 patients of snakebite admitted in the Department of Medicine, Silchar Medical College & Hospital (SMCH) done over a duration of 24 months. The various data regarding clinical features of the patients, serum creatinine levels, other blood parameters of the patients selected for participation in the study were analysed using simple statistical methods. RESULTS Majority of the snakebite victims were males. The commonest site of snake bite was the lower limbs. 17.4 % (n = 16) of the cases developed AKI. The mortality in patients of snakebite developing AKI was 25 % (n = 4) CONCLUSIONS Snakebite envenomation is associated with a considerable burden of AKI in the developing countries especially among the rural population. Prompt initiation of aggressive treatment improves the final outcome. KEYWORDS Snakebite, Rural Population, AKI, Lower Limbs, Developing Countries