bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Body Experience Status as a Moderator of Effects of Narcissism on Paranormal Beliefs
Authors: Tobacyk Jerome J. , Mitchell Thomas E.
Published: August 2011

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Paranormal Belief Scale were given to 383 college students. As hypothesized, significant but small direct correlations were obtained between narcissism and belief in Psi and in Precognition. When the sample was divided into those 56 who reported out-of-body experiences and 327 nonreporters, an interaction emerged. Among the former, narcissism showed significant moderate correlations with belief in Psi, Precognition, Witchcraft, and Superstition. Among the latter only one small significant relationship was found between narcissism and Precognition. These differential relationships between narcissism and paranormal beliefs for reporters and nonreporters of out-of-body experiences were interpreted in terms of schemata theory.
Moral Reasoning and Behavior of Striking Physicians in Israel
Authors: Linn Ruth
Published: August 2011

Routine daily experience does not always provide physicians and moral researchers the opportunity to focus on the ways in which personal moral values are put into practice. An extreme situation—a physicians' strike—provided such an opportunity. This paper is based on interviews with 50 Israeli striking physicians. The extent to which the physicians' justifications of their action reflected their moral competence, is discussed.
Femininity-Masculinity of Blacks and Whites over a Fourteen-Year Period
Authors: Baldwin Robert O.
Published: August 2011

From 1973 through 1986 black and white college students took the Gough Femininity Scale. 1528 black females were not different from 936 white females, nor were 664 black males different from 554 white males. There were no apparent trends of increasing or decreasing femininity or masculinity, nor decreasing differences between men and women over the length of the study. Scores from 1973 through 1986 were not different from Gough's 1952 standardization sample.
Effect of Reciprocal Leniency on the Relation between Consideration Scores from the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire and Performance Ratings
Authors: Bernardin H. John
Published: August 2011

This study tested the hypothesis that “reciprocal leniency” moderated the relationship between Consideration scores on the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire—Form XII and performance ratings. Reciprocal leniency was defined as a response style in which scores on the questionnaire are affected by harsh, lenient, or fair ratings made by the supervisor. Results partially supported the hypothesis.
Emotional Intensity Ratings and Personal Distance in American and Korean Subjects
Authors: Reisbick Sydney , Choi Ton-Sook
Published: August 2011

The evaluation that an event is significant to life or goals may be important as a source of intensity of emotion as well as of kind of emotion. One factor in significance may be the perceived personal distance of the person evaluating the event from the person involved in the event. A simple survey questionnaire included events intended to elicit five different emotions. The 62 American and 71 Korean subjects rated on a scale of 1 to 7 the intensity of emotion they would feel for each of four different levels of personal distance: self, sibling, friend, stranger. Significant differences were found for both personal distance and kind of emotion but not for culture. Interactions were found and the results discussed.
MMPI Derived Scales of Eysenck's Factors and Their Relationship to Anger and Aggression
Authors: Schill Thomas , Thomsen Daniel , Wang Selina
Published: August 2011

This study tested the validity of three recently developed MMPI scales of Eysenck's personality factors, psychoticism, neuroticism, and extraversion. Based on Eysenck's descriptions of subjects who are at the extreme on these factors positive correlations were expected for the three derived scales and measures of anger and aggressive acting out. The expected relationships were found for the psychoticism and neuroticism factors but not for extraversion. Possible reasons for the failure of the extraversion scale to correlate positively with the anger and aggression measures were discussed.
Physical Attractiveness and Sexual Activity of College Students
Authors: Stelzer Cathleen , Desmond Sharon M. , Price James H.
Published: August 2011

This study was conducted to ascertain the role attractiveness plays in the sexual behaviors of women. A convenience sample of 101 white female college students from a large midwestern university responded to an 18-item questionnaire on attractiveness and sexual behavior developed by the researchers; Cronbach alpha = .73. These women were also rated on their physical attractiveness by three male peers and categorized as attractive, average, or unattractive. The attractive and unattractive women's perceptions of their physical attractiveness were at variance with those of the three male raters, women rated average tended to rate themselves correctly. Attractiveness was not associated with the self-reported ages at which subjects began dating, the age of first sexual intercourse, or the quality, type, or frequency of contraceptive use. The attractive women were significantly more likely to engage in sexual intercourse and oral sex than either of the other two groups. Both the attractive and unattractive women had significantly more sexual partners than those rated average in attractiveness. Replication with a larger group is recommended.
Level of Aspiration and Students' Performance on a Concept-Formation Task
Authors: Siry Joanne Michaele
Published: August 2011

Level of aspiration was studied as a function of performance on the first part of a concept-formation task and as a predictor of performance on later trials of that same task. 76 college students (54 women and 22 men) were asked to make a prediction as to how many trials they would answer correctly on the second part after completing the first part. It was hypothesized that (1) subjects who perform better on the first part set higher levels of aspiration, (2) high predictors perform better on the second part, and (3) subjects with higher grade point averages make higher predictions than those with lower GPAs. Subjects scoring higher on the first part did set higher levels of aspiration, but high predictors did not perform better on the second part of the task. Grade point average was not related to level of aspiration or to actual performance on the task.
Factors Affecting College Students' Perceptions of Satisfaction in and Frequency of Dating
Authors: Prisbell Marshall
Published: August 2011

This study identified eight factors in dating behavior (i.e., conditioned anxiety, skills, apprehension, expectations, importance, activity, physical attractiveness, and proximity) that contribute to college students perceptions of satisfaction in and frequency of dating. Moderate to low relations of the set of dating behavior factors with satisfaction in and frequency of dating emerged. Discussion concerned suggestions for research.
Measuring Students' Workload: A New Perspective
Authors: Henke John W. , Lyons Thomas F. , Krachenberg A. Richard
Published: August 2011

Despite 70 years of studies of the effect of students' outside work on their academic performance, the measurement of students' workload has received little attention. Three alternative measures of workload, one of which included credit loads, were assessed and compared for a sample of 128 college students. The means of these measures varied widely, but the measures were highly intercorrelated and produced equivalent correlations with academic performance measures. No measures of workload correlated with performance in an accounting course and all were negligible and inconsistent with GPA scores for two semesters.
Current Issues in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Taylor John R. , Carroll James L.
Published: August 2011

Contemporary medical and legal trends in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are presented. The history of ECT, underlying neurophysiological theory, recent treatment developments, potential side effects and health risks, and contrasting views between the proponents and opponents are examined. Issues involving informed consent and psychotherapy are also discussed. The analysis recognizes ECT's documented record in treating major depression but calls for further stringent research to validate its efficacy.
The Human Tongue Show and Observers' Willingness to Interact: Replication and Extensions
Authors: Jones Nigel , Kearins Judith , Watson John
Published: August 2011

Tongue showing and observers' willingness to interrupt was investigated in the laboratory with 48 male and 48 female subjects and 5 male and 5 female confederates. Subjects needed to interrupt confederates whose tongues showed while they were concentrating on a task or who concentrated without a tongue show, or who held a neutral facial expression while engaged on a task. Significant latencies to interruption occurred with the tongue-show condition, a result consistent with 1982 work of Dolgin and Sabini. No significant effects for sex were found. In a field study, subjects approached one of two confederates who were selling plants; both confederates were reading but one was tongue-showing as well. Confederates, whether man or woman without a tongue show, were approached significantly more often by prospective buyers. Tongue-showing appears to act as a deterrent to social interaction; its possible role in the social acceptability of Down Syndrome children is discussed.
Disturbed Personality and Psychosocial Adjustment in Myotonic Dystrophy: Relationship to Intellectual/Cognitive Function and Underlying Affective Disorder (Depression)
Authors: Brumback Roger A.
Published: August 2011

Recent investigations of cognitive and behavioral function in myotonic dystrophy appear to counter a number of the prevailing notions regarding this disorder. Myotonic dystrophy is characterized neither by intellect outside the range of normal (except in those infrequent cases of neonatal myotonic dystrophy) nor by intellectual deterioration. Apparent cognitive deficits more likely result from reversible neuroamine dysfunction associated with a biological depressive illness that may be an intrinsic part of the disorder of myotonic dystrophy. Much of the purported emotional problems, “personality disturbances and social deterioration”, represent symptomatology of this biological depressive illness. This depressive component seems to be responsive to tricyclic antidepressant treatment; such pharmacotherapy also provides additional benefit to other symptoms including gastrointestinal dysfunction, hypersomnia, myotonia, and muscular weakness. It seems probable that the basic genetic defect (possibly involving membrane structure) in myotonic dystrophy results in abnormal aminergic and peptidergic receptors and that dysfunction of the limbic system of the brain is only one of many disturbances caused by the receptor abnormalities.
Homelessness among Trash Pickers
Authors: Royse David
Published: August 2011

50 aluminum can pickers were personally interviewed. 76% indicated that they couldn't find another job or that they were disabled or too old for other employment. Fifty-eight percent were judged impaired because of alcoholism, mental retardation or psychosis. 18% were considered homeless.
An Empirically-Based Assessment of Early Intervention Service Provision and Utilization
Authors: Fine Mark A. , Swift Carolyn F. , Beck Steven
Published: August 2011

The present investigation studied provision of early intervention services for young children. 377 programs in Ohio were interviewed with respect to the number of young handicapped and “at risk” children participating, the types of services provided children and their parents, and budget information. Younger children (0–2 yr.) and those from rural areas were less frequently involved than older children from urban and semiurban areas. While a wide range of services were provided children and their parents, there was considerable variability in the proportion of programs providing these services. Public sources of funding provide the bulk of support for early intervention services, while private sources provide supplementary, but decreasing, support for services.
An Empirical Test of the Relationship between Isolation and Disengagement of Elderly Persons
Authors: Lumpkin James R. , Johnson Brian
Published: August 2011

While the constructs of isolation and disengagement of elderly persons from society are not new, they are generally considered as independent and competing views. In this research was studied the relationship between isolation and disengagement of 365 urban elderly persons, using measures developed for survey research applications. The findings suggest isolation does occur among elderly persons but that the concomitant disengagement is voluntary rather than involuntary.
Effectiveness of a Decision Aid for Selection of Statistical Procedures
Authors: Bozeman William C. , Olsen Christopher
Published: August 2011

This paper concerns the design and test of a system developed to facilitate the selection of statistical procedures in educational applications. Subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental groups ( ns = 15, 17) and a control group ( n = 13). The former groups were given a flow chart and a computer-based aid, the latter had only a text. Comparisons between experimental and control groups showed significant differences in performance, supporting the proposition that the use of statistics can be enhanced by a support system.
Sex-Role Orientation, Self-Esteem, and Uniqueness: An Exploration of the Undifferentiated Category
Authors: Willemsen Eleanor W.
Published: August 2011

72 college students took the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, the five-scale Offer Self-image Questionnaire, and the Need for Uniqueness scale. Differences in self-esteem and uniqueness scores among undifferentiated, feminine, masculine, and androgynous individuals were determined. The analysis showed that androgynous and masculine individuals had generally better self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals. There were sex differences in self-esteem only for sexual and for social self-esteem. These differences were predicted by sex-role orientation with men's sexual self-esteem being enhanced by masculinity and depressed by femininity, whereas women's social self-esteem was predicted by masculinity. Need for Uniqueness appears to be an aspect of self-esteem for women but not for men.
Sex-Role Orientation of Nursing Students at a Community College
Authors: Culkin Joseph , Tricarico Donald , Cohen Florence
Published: August 2011

The sex-role orientation of 20 male and 48 female nursing students at an urban community college was assessed by the Bern Sex-role Inventory. Sex and sex-role orientation were not significantly associated, and no significant difference was found between male and female students on a geometric mean estimate of androgyny. No support was found for Bern's theory of sex-role orientation. Results are discussed in terms of sample-specific features of the subjects.
Comparison of Cognitive and Behavioral Self-Control Treatments of Depression
Authors: Thomas J. Randy , Petry Robert A. , Goldman Jacquelin R.
Published: August 2011

A self-control treatment of depression was evaluated against a cognitive treatment of depression. 30 depressed female volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two 6-wk. group treatment conditions. The self-control treatment focused on self-monitoring, self-evaluation and self-reinforcement. The cognitive treatment emphasized identifying and altering irrational thoughts. The self-control treatment was as effective as the cognitive treatment in producing significant reductions in depression. Results remained stable at a 6-wk. follow-up. Discussion focused on the efficacy of the self-control model and implications for research.
MMPI Study of Identical Twins: Cancer Patients and Bone Marrow Donors
Authors: Friedrich William N. , Smith Charles K. , Harrison Scott D. , Colwell Kristen A. , Davis Ardis K. , Fefer Alexander
Published: August 2011

23 identical twin pairs, one with a hematologic malignancy, the other a bone marrow donor, completed the MMPI while in the hospital. The validity, clinical, and Repression-Sensitization scales were scored. Paired t tests for the entire group (aged 16 to 67 yr., M = 44 yr.) showed significant differences on Hs, D, and Hy. Males ( n = 12 pairs) had no significant differences, while females ( n = 11 pairs) had significant differences on Hs, D, Hy, Pa, and R-S. Female patients scored higher on Hs, D, Hy, lower on Pa and were repressors. These findings are congruent with previous research that has yielded psychological differences in people who develop malignancies and those who do not.
Study Skills, Learning Processes and Academic Achievement
Authors: Gadzella Bernadette M. , Ginther Dean W. , Williamson J. David
Published: August 2011

Correlations between scores on the Deep Processing Scale of the Inventory of Learning Processes, the CAI Study Skills Test scales and academic achievement as GPA were assessed. Also, differences between deep and shallow processors on study skills were examined for 132 undergraduates from psychology classes. Knowledge of certain study skills is related to a student's facility in deep processing, while knowledge of other study-skills strategies is largely unrelated to deep or shallow processing styles of learning. Deep and shallow processors did not differ significantly on study skills, although mean scores for deep processors were consistently higher.
When an Aids Child Enters the Classroom: Moral-Psychological Research Questions
Authors: Linn Ruth
Published: August 2011

In this paper are raised some crucial moral questions regarding the rights of the AIDS child within the educational setting: Should an AIDS child be included to or excluded from his class? The nature of the decision making process in this matter is discussed in line with Kohlberg's moral psychological theory.
Symbol Use by Developmentally Disabled Children
Authors: Atlas Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

13 children with a diagnosis of autism and 20 children with a diagnosis of childhood schizophrenia or a variant thereof were compared for skill in symbol use across modalities of expressive language, drawing, gesture, and play. The children were also given the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised as a measure of receptive comprehension. Analysis showed that the autistic children had poorer receptive language than the schizophrenic children. The autisic children were poorer in symbol use, as predicted, across all expressive modalities except play, when receptive language was treated as a covariate. Implications of these results for differential identification of children with severe developmental disturbance are discussed.
Relationship between Performance and Preference Measures of Cognitive Laterality
Authors: Knolle Lawrence , Gordon Harold W. , Gwany Danjuma
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between two methods of assessing cognitive laterality, one by responses on a preference inventory and the other by assessing asymmetry of hemispheric performance on tests associated with processing in the left or right cerebral hemispheres. 87 graduate students were administered both instruments. Analysis showed negative or no relations between the preference and performance measures. The performance tests associated with left- and right-hemisphere functions were taken directly or adapted from tests showing left- or right-hemisphere superiority in unilateral lesioned patients, brain-divided patients, and normal subjects. The preference inventories were constructed on the basis of the same research but have not been validly related to brain functions. The results of this study suggest that the two types of instruments do not measure the same thing.
Classification of Psychopathology According to a Scientific (Psychology and Psychiatry) and an Artistic (Film Noir) Perspective
Authors: Miller Laurence
Published: August 2011

Psychopathology can be studied from a scientific or artistic perspective. While there are important differences between the two perspectives, similarities also exist. Recognition of these similarities and differences provides a treatment of psychopathology different than that provided by either perspective alone. The classification by the sciences of psychology and psychiatry and the art-form motion picture genre called film noir is discussed. Film noir was chosen because, like psychology and psychiatry, psychopathology plays a central role, and it is presented in a cohesive and consistent manner. Classification is discussed in the context of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). If film noir is classified according to DSM, it can be seen that film noir presented almost all of the classes of psychopathology and many of the categories, as well as several other important aspects about psychopathology.
Locus of Control and Task Complexity in Perceptions of Job Dimensions
Authors: Perrewé Pamela L. , Mizerski Richard W.
Published: August 2011

In the present study was examined the effects of locus of control and task complexity on perceptions of task characteristics by 110 business undergraduates. Individuals with an internal locus of control perceived more skill variety, task significance, autonomy, and feedback than individuals with an external locus of control when working on a complex task. It is argued that external scorers are less responsive to environmental cues under conditions of high task complexity.
Short-Term Memory for Two Meaningful Stories and Self-Report on the Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Authors: Gabrys John B. , Schumph Denis , Utendale Kent A.
Published: August 2011

A possible relationship for four constructs of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire with the immediate recall of two verbal memory tasks is explored. Statistical treatment of data for 226 female and for 189 male adult clients involved multiple regression, principal axis factor analyses, and a numerical comparison of recalled unit memories by low, medium, and high scorers on Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and the Lie scales. Highest numbers of immediately recalled unit memories of prose were associated with low and medium Psychoticism, medium and high Extraversion, low Neuroticism for men, medium Neuroticism for women, high score on Lie for men but a low to medium score for women. The first varimax rotated factor for men's data and also for women's data suggested a close relationship between memory performance and low scores on Psychoticism, Neuroticism, and for men, a high score on Lie. The second varimax rotated factor had no association with memory performance, but identified women scoring high on Psychoticism, men and women scoring low on Extraversion, women scoring high on Neuroticism, men scoring low on Neuroticism, and women scoring low on the Lie scales. Implications for the presence of a general intelligence factor and a clinical pathology factor were discussed.
Test-Retest Reliability of Battle's Depression Inventory for Children
Authors: Battle James
Published: August 2011

1,089 boys and girls, aged 7 through 14 yr., enrolled in Grades 2 through 9, participated in an assessment of the test-retest reliability of Battle's Depression Inventory for Children, Form C. Pearsonian correlations at Times 1 and 2 (2 weeks later) for subjects in Grades 2 through 6 were .79, .77, and .80 for all children, boys, and girls, respectively. Values for subjects in Grades 7 through 9 were .79, .85, and .70 for all children, boys, and girls, respectively.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XLIV. Coverage of Contributors in Histories of Psychology
Authors: Zusne Leonard
Published: August 2011

24 American and European histories of psychology were used to construct a table of norms, the average percentages of space in the texts dedicated to the discussion of the contributions of the 190 most important individuals in the history of psychology. The table may be used to establish the comparative coverage of these individuals in any general history of psychology text.
Vicarious Punishment in a Work Setting: A Failure to Replicate
Authors: Schnake Mel. E.
Published: August 2011

This research experimentally assessed the effects of vicarious punishment on the affective reactions and behavior of coworkers who observed a peer receive a punishment. In addition, the effects on observers of an emotional, nonaccepting reaction to the punishment by the recipient were examined. While emotional reactions by recipients of punishment exerted a negative effect upon observers' satisfaction with supervision, no main effects were observed for punishment upon output. Results conflict with previous research on the use of punishment in work settings. Explanations of these conflicting findings are suggested.
Pet Ownership, Social Interest, and Sociability
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

This investigation concerned the effects of subjects' sex and pet ownership condition on social interest and sociability, for college students (33 men, 53 women). Women scored higher than men on social interest. Also, when asked to estimate the amount of time pet day spent in socializing with others, women scored higher than men, and pet owners scored higher than non-owners.
Relationship of Originality to Kirton's Scale for Innovators and Adaptors
Authors: Masten William G. , Caldwell-Colbert A. Toy
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between originality and Kirton's scale for innovators and adaptors. Kirton's scale measures the way a person solves problems or style, while creativity has been described as level or the efficiency in solving problems. Kirton's 1976 theory states the two variables should not be related; however, careful reading of the manuals of both tests indicates innovators and creative individuals have similar characteristics. Past research has yielded mixed results. For 110 university students, given Sounds and Images and the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, a significant negative correlation was obtained for adaptors but none for innovators or the entire sample. Perhaps innovation and creativity are related, but only for highly creative persons.
Stress Management for Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Crawford Jim D. , McIvor Geraldine P.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the study was to explore the utility of stress-reduction techniques within a population of hospitalized multiple sclerosis patients. Four stress-management groups, each composed of 8 to 10 patients, were formed with each participant receiving a pre- and posttest battery focusing on emotional/mood factors (the Profile of Mood States). Group sessions were held once/weekly for 13 wk. Relaxation, cognitive, and behavioral strategies were incorporated into the program. The findings indicate that stress-management techniques were effective in the reduction of psychological distress. Significant decreases were noted in scores on depression and anxiety and significant increase on vigor.
Do the Barnum Effect and Paranormal Belief Involve a General Gullibility Factor?
Authors: Standing Lionel , Keays Gregory
Published: August 2011

A questionnaire survey indicated that paranormal belief among 60 college students is positively correlated with over-all levels of belief in a variety of everyday statements ( r = .56), whereas the Barnum effect shows no such indication of a general gullibility factor. Also, the Barnum effect is not associated with paranormal belief.
Relationship between Psychological Androgyny and Self-Actualization Tendencies
Authors: Kimlicka Thomas M. , Sheppard Peter L. , Wakefield James A. , Cross Herbert J.
Published: August 2011

Bem's Sex-role Inventory and the Personal Orientation Inventory were administered to 339 college men and 265 women to test Bern's hypothesis that a relationship would exist between androgyny and a measure of psychological adjustment. Analysis gave some support for the relationship between sex-role identity and self-actualizing tendencies for women but not for men.
A Study of the Relationship between a Personal Philosophy of Human Nature (Good or Evil) and Self-Esteem
Authors: Martin John D. , Blair Garland E. , Nevels Robert M. , Brant Mary M.
Published: August 2011

The present study was undertaken to estimate the relationship between a personal philosophy of human nature (whether man is essentially good or evil) and an individual's self-esteem, as measured by the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory. For 19 male and 21 female undergraduate students, correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were calculated. The multivariate analysis of variance indicated a nonsignificant relation between scores on philosophy of human nature of students and their scores on the two measures of self-esteem. Correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were also nonsignificant. The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory scores and those on the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory were significantly correlated at .59.
Examining the Dimensionality of Pathological Narcissism: Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of the O'Brien Multiphasic Narcissism Inventory
Authors: O'Brien Michael L.
Published: August 2011

The focus of the current research was to investigate the structure of possible dimensions of pathological narcissism as suggested by the American Psychiatric Association and recently by Miller. For this study, a 75-item instrument, the O'Brien Multiphasic Narcissism Inventory, was developed. Three studies provide preliminary evidence of the test's validity. A factor analysis, in Study 1, identified three orthogonal scales, labelled Narcissistic Personality Dimension, Poisonous Pedagogy Dimension, and Narcissistically Abused Personality Dimension. In Studies 2 and 3, issues of validity were investigated by testing construct hypotheses and by correlating scores on the new scales with those on both the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Eysenck Personality Inventory. Taken as a whole, the three studies give encouraging evidence that the new scales provide a useful group measure of the dimensions of pathological narcissistic personality.
Perceptual Congruence of Five Attitudes among Satisfied and Unsatisfied Couples
Authors: Pléchaty Michel
Published: August 2011

In the present study, the perceptual congruence of five attitudes among satisfied and unsatisfied couples was examined. These attitudes were communication, availability, creativity, functional consensus and, manipulation. Attitude was defined by a rather permanent pattern of verbal and nonverbal behavior displayed toward the partner. It was assumed that perceptions of all marital sectors are influenced by such attitudes. Furthermore, the satisfied couple are less defensive with one another and, being less prone to perceptual distortions, should show better perceptual congruence of the five attitudes, as well as of the marital aspects, than the unsatisfied couple. Satisfied couples differed from unsatisfied couples in their perception of marital attitudes except for the manipulation attitude. For ail marital aspects, except the children's aspect, satisfied couples showed greater perceptual congruence than did unsatisfied couples.
Comparative Study of Three Measures of Sexual Jealousy
Authors: Hawkins Robert O.
Published: August 2011

To determine whether several measures of sexual jealousy identify theorized group differences, three measures were compared, the Interpersonal Jealousy Scale developed by Mathes and Severa, the Semantic Differential Technique of Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum, and a single-item Self-rating Jealousy scale. While the first two were sensitive to group differences in jealousy, the third was not. Suggestions for improvement of the Semantic Differential are also included.
Factors Precipitating Parasuicide among Young South African Indians
Authors: Pillay Anthony L.
Published: August 2011

This was a retrospective study of factors precipitating parasuicide among Indian (South African) adolescents and young adults. Two-thirds of the sample of 55 cited overly restrictive parenting as primary precipitating factors.
The Counseling Evaluation Inventory and the Counselor Rating Form: Their Relationship to Perceived Improvement and to Each Other
Authors: Bachelor Alexandra
Published: August 2011

Although the Counseling Evaluation Inventory and the Counselor Rating Form are frequently used among researchers studying clients' perceptions in counseling-therapy, few data are available on the relationship of these measures to outcome with real-life clients and on their relationship one to another. 49 clients of a university consultation center serving a broad community were seen by 25 practicum therapists for an average of 20 sessions. Clients completed both measures and a 21-item improvement measure at the conclusion of therapy. All test dimensions showed significant positive association with perceived improvement; therapeutic climate and perceived trustworthiness and expertness yielded the highest correlations. Among treatment variables examined, number of sessions correlated significantly with perceived improvement but not with test dimensions. Clients' and therapists' ratings of improvement were compared and indicated significant moderate agreement. Intrascale correlations indicated all dimensions of each measure were significantly interrelated. In general, the Counselor Rating Form variables were more highly interrelated than variables of the Counseling Evaluation Inventory. Interscale correlations indicate some interdependence of variables on the tests particularly with regard to perceived expertness, satisfaction, climate, and trustworthiness. Further study of common dimensions underlying the two scales seems warranted.
On the Content Saturation of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory Scales
Authors: Ramanaiah Nerella V. , Conn Steven R. , Schill Thomas
Published: August 2011

Since the scales in the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory do not have good factorial validity and good discriminant validity, Jackson's (1970) theory of personality scale development would predict that most of the items in each of these scales would have low content saturation. The present study empirically tested this prediction and found strong support for it. Implications of the results were discussed.
Recovering Alcoholics: Personality and Aftercare Factors
Authors: Knouse V. H. , Schneider H. G.
Published: August 2011

Individuals who had completed an inpatient treatment program for alcoholism within the last three years were sent a survey measuring personality variables, demographic characteristics, aftercare, aftercare involvement, and sobriety. Responses were obtained from 262 individuals who were currently maintaining sobriety. The proportion of time sober since discharge was related to race, low depression, having no previous hospitalizations, aftercare involvement, and marital stability. Continuously sober individuals differed from those who experienced a relapse on the measure of depression but not on measures of assertiveness or anger. Involvement with Alcoholics Anonymous was related to relapse only for recently discharged patients.
Relaxation Increases Salivary Immunoglobulin a
Authors: Green Ronald G. , Green Marsha L.
Published: August 2011

While research indicates that high stress may be immunosuppressive, little is known about the effects of relaxation on the immune system. To determine whether relaxation is immunoenhancing, 50 volunteer college students were randomly assigned to one of four relaxation methods (Benson's relaxation response, guided visualization, massage, lying quietly with eyes closed, or a touching-control group). Salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and salivary Cortisol levels were recorded before and after one 20-min. relaxation session. Subjects in the relaxation response, visualization, and massage groups showed a significant increase in S-IgA concentrations from the before to the after relaxation samples. Also, post-relaxation S-IgA concentrations were significantly higher in the relaxation response, visualization, and massage groups than in the touching-control group. Salivary Cortisol did not change significantly. These data suggest that one component of the immune system, S-IgA, may be enhanced by the practice of a coping skill such as relaxation.
Religiosity and Locus of Control of Adolescent Cancer Patients
Authors: Tebbi Cameron K. , Mallon Janis C. , Richards Mary E. , Bigler Lewis R.
Published: August 2011

In an effort to assess religious beliefs and locus of control in adolescent oncology patients, the Faulkner-DeJong Religiosity and Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scales were administered to 28 adolescent cancer patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The adolescent cancer patients endorsed religiosity items at a level comparable to that of college students. Over-all, the majority of adolescent patients practiced their religion and indicated that this provided support by offering security in the face of death and by helping them understand and accept their experience. There were no significant relationships among any of the religiosity subscales or degree of use of religion as a secondary source of control and locus of control scores for adolescent cancer patients. Religiosity subscale scores and locus of control scores did not differ significantly as a function of sex, age, religion, or time since diagnosis. In contrast to established norms, locus of control scores were not significantly different for older and younger patients. Among younger adolescent cancer patients, the illness experience may have accelerated the development of internality associated with older adolescents.
Compliance by Young and Older Drivers to the New York Mandatory Seat Belt Law: Does Wisdom Come with Age?
Authors: Ferrari Joseph R. , Carter Andrea L.
Published: August 2011

In this study rates of seat belt use by motor vehicle drivers, college students and senior citizens were compared, and their attitude toward the act assessed. About a year after legislation was passed mandating their use, both age groups were observed to have low rates of compliance to the “buckle-up” law (35 to 40%). When surveyed, however, students and seniors reported high rates of use for long (71%) rather than short (52%) distances. The observed low compliance rate suggests a temporary deterring effect of state legislation, while the apparent inconsistency between observed and self-reported compliance needs further study.
To the Beat of a Different Drummer: Timing and Contextual Differences of Mobile and Immobile Managerial Careers
Authors: Veiga John F.
Published: August 2011

This study used detailed career histories to explore the differences in career patterns between mobile and immobile managers. The timing of mobility events was examined along with movement direction and type. In addition, the study explored to what degree contextual factors associated with the career path, influenced such career patterns. Analysis showed unique differences in mobile and immobile career patterns and demonstrated that contextual factors play a significant role in shaping these patterns.
Importance of the Emotional Aspect of Attitude to Predict Intention
Authors: Godin Gaston
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present study was to verify the importance of an emotional dimension of attitude to understand intention. The intention to exercise after giving birth was studied among a group of 63 nullipara pregnant women. The variables measured were intention and attitudes. The attitude variable was further operationalized to correspond to both the Fishbein and Ajzen and the Triandis definitions, that is, Aact, Affect, and the cognitive (expectancy × value) dimension. The results showed that both Aact and Affect explained an equivalent proportion of intention (29% and 28%, respectively). The influence of the cognitive (expectancy × value) dimension was mediated through both Aact and Affect. The results support the importance of the emotional dimension of attitude in the physical activity area.
Psychological and Behavioral Factors in Dermatitis
Authors: Doherty Eric
Published: August 2011

Dermatitis and eczema are described in terms of physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristics in the sparse psychological literature on this phenomenon. Knowledge is quite limited. Lacking are prospective studies that might demonstrate whether the psychological and behavioral characteristics ate etiological and not merely descriptive. Given the number of persons estimated to experience symptoms of dermatitis (7 to 24 per 1000), further research is warranted on the relationship among dermatitis, scratching, and the psychological factors of stress, aggression, hostility, or other moods. Methodological suggestions and an experimental design are proposed.
Maintenance of Type a Behavior: Support for a Type-Similarity Hypothesis
Authors: Berrenberg Joy L. , Canjar Mark A. , Klein Suzell A. , Bugosh Beth B.
Published: August 2011

This study tested two hypotheses that might account for the maintenance of the Type A behavior pattern. 56 male and 56 female Type A and B subjects rated the attractiveness of a stimulus person described as a Type A male, Type A female, Type B male, or Type B female. Type A subjects preferred the Type A stimulus person, while Type B subjects were mote attracted to the Type B stimulus person. These findings supported a type-similarity hypothesis.
Factor Structure of a Lethal Behaviors Scale
Authors: Thorson James A. , Powell F. C.
Published: August 2011

Factor analysis of a lethal behaviors scale that had been completed by 399 adolescents and adults indicates that lethality as a construct is multidimensional. Principal factors include a general orientation toward danger and violence, an orientation toward bravery and adventure, thrill-seeking and fast driving, and safe or unsafe habits. Young males scored highest in lethality.
Factorial Validity of Merz's Psychological Reactance Scale
Authors: Tucker Raymond K. , Byers Peggy Yuhas
Published: August 2011

Merz's Psychological Reactance Scale was translated from German and based on responses of 218 college students. Via factor analysis with principal factors followed by a Direct Quartimin rotation, researchers noted an orthogonal two-factor solution which contrasts with Merz's four and suggests thorough psychometric work is needed.
Treatment Utility of Response Class Assessment in Heterosocial Difficulties
Authors: Nelson Rosemery O. , Hayes Steven C. , Jarrett Robin B. , Sigmon Sandra T. , McKnight Dennis L.
Published: August 2011

College-student males ( n = 27) with self-reported heterosocial difficulties received treatment that was either matched or mismatched to their identified (by questionnaires) problematic response class of social anxiety, social skills deficits, or irrational cognitions. Both matched and mismarched treatments produced significant pre-post changes on the questionnaire measures, but only marched treatment produced significant pre-post changes on the role-playing and self-monitoring measures.
On the Stability and Internal Consistency of the Self-Concept and Motivation Inventory: Preschool/Kindergarten Form
Authors: Davis Todd M. , Johnston John M.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this present study was to determine the internal consistency coefficients (alpha) and the stability (test-retest) of each of the scales of The Self-concept and Motivation Inventory: What Face Would You Wear? Preschool/Kindergarten Form. Such information is critical to either clinical interpretations or program evaluations whose outcomes are based on SCAMIN test scores. Present results suggest caution against both the clinical application of this instrument's scales and their use in longitudinal research in its present form.
The Locus of Control Attribute and the Job Search Process
Authors: Plumly L. Wayne , Oliver John E.
Published: August 2011

Numerous psychological differences among ethnic groups have been reported. These differences affect the economic performance of the groups and influence the efficiency of policy actions taken to alter the economic behavior. Only through the effective integration of both psychological knowledge and economic policy can the job search process be optimized for the externally oriented hard-core unemployed.
Diet Types: Relation of Personality to Approaches to Dieting
Authors: Sitton Sarah C. , Weber Madeleine Sophie
Published: August 2011

To determine whether personality type influences the selection of an approach to weight loss, 46 college students completed a food-habits questionnaire and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter. Analysis indicates that persons who score high on the feeling and perceiving scales of the Keirsey sorter are more likely to choose a group weight-loss program than others. There were no significant personality differences with regard to calorie counting, fasting, or use of diet foods or pills.
Health-Risk Behavior and the Type a Behavior Pattern
Authors: Jordan Barney E. , Perry Anthony R.
Published: August 2011

Although the Type A pattern has been established as a risk factor for coronary heart disease, it is not clear whether the pattern is associated with other health-risk behaviors. 26 men and 59 women completed the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey and a questionnaire concerning smoking, drinking, exercise, and seatbelt use. Type A behavior was not related to these behavioral risk factors. Smokers, however, reported using seatbelts less often than nonsmokers. In addition, men drank more and women exercised more.
Relationships of Depression, Hopelessness, and Dysfunctional Attitudes to Suicide Ideation in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Ranieri William F. , Steer Robert A. , Lavrence Thomas I. , Rissmiller David J. , Piper George E. , Beck Aaron T.
Published: August 2011

Computerized versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Hopelessness Scale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, and Scale for Suicide Ideation were administered to 50 inpatients diagnosed with mixed psychiatric disorders and 25 outpatients diagnosed with affective disorders. The scale scores were positively related to suicide ideation and the magnitudes of the correlations were comparable. Controlling for a prior suicide attempt, a stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated that the Beck Depression Inventory and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale contributed unique variance to the explanation of the inpatients' Scale for Suicide Ideation scores. Only the Beck Depression Inventory contributed unique variance to the explanation of the outpatients' Scale for Suicide Ideation scores. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis of the 40 Dysfunctional Attitude Scale items on the inpatients' Scale for Suicide Ideation scores showed six dysfunctional attitudes (perfectionism and sensitivity to social criticism) explained about 77% of the variance. Results reaffirmed the importance of depression, in addition to hopelessness, as a syndrome associated with suicide ideation and indicated that dysfunctional attitudes, such as perfectionism, may yield additional information about suicidal risk.
Locus of Control, Desirability of Control, and Sadomasochists
Authors: Breslow Norman
Published: August 2011

Two studies were conducted to determine whether sadists (dominants), masochists (submissives) and versatiles (those who state that they enjoy both the sadistic and masochistic roles) possess similar or different attitudes toward control, as measured by Rotter's Internal vs External Locus of Control Inventory and Burger and Cooper's Desirability of Control inventory. Sadomasochists, as a group, scored within the internal locus of control category. There were no differences among the three subgroups. The second study indicated all three groups possess a high desire for control. Planned comparisons among the three groups showed sadists had a higher desire for control than versatiles, while versatiles showed a higher desire for control than masochists. The data are interpreted as support for observational and descriptive studies which have identified (at least) three distinct subgroups of sadomasochists.