bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy and offspring childhood weight and height trajectories: analysis of a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Pyne Yvette V , Howe Laura D , Fraser Abigail
Published: October 2020

Background: Both anaemia and high haemoglobin in pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including foetal growth restriction. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy and trajectories of length/height and weight from birth through childhood.

Methods: Data from 7,597 singleton pregnancies in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), an ongoing, prospective, UK population-based pregnancy cohort study were used. We examined associations between maternal haemoglobin (overall pregnancy and trimester specific) and offspring length and weight at birth, as well as trajectories of height and weight gain from birth to age 10 years derived from multilevel models.

Results: Mean pregnancy haemoglobin was 11.61 g/dL (SD 1.12). For each 1g/dL higher mean overall pregnancy haemoglobin, offspring were on average -0.30 cm shorter (95%CI: -0.35, -0.24, p <0.001), and -97.7 g lighter (95%CI: -110.42, -84.93, p <0.001) at birth when adjusting for potential confounders. Trimester specific inverse associations with birth length and weight were strongest for third trimester haemoglobin. There was evidence of a positive association between maternal haemoglobin levels and offspring height gain up to the age of one year and no strong evidence of associations between pregnancy haemoglobin and childhood weight gain.

Conclusions: In high income countries, higher maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy may be a concern, as well as anaemia. Further studies are needed to define ‘high’ haemoglobin in pregnancy and whether monitoring of women with high pregnancy haemoglobin is warranted.
Individual trajectory of methodical self-development of the teacher
Authors: Kazanceva Elena , Kazanceva Anzhela , Dyundik Yuliya
Published: October 2020

The relevance of the problem of building an individual trajectory of methodical self-development of a teacher is due to the change of reference points in the training and certification of teachers. The article presents an analysis of the category "methodological training" of a foreign language teacher from the point of view of both the process and the result. As a result of the analysis of psychological and pedagogical, methodological literature and comparison of essential characteristics of the desired category, the authors revealed that the teacher's methodological competence is a complex multi-faceted set of psychological, pedagogical and linguistic components. The content of the components of methodological training includes knowledge of modern approaches and technologies of training, knowledge about the essence and main characteristics of the learning process, the availability of skills and abilities of effective organization of the learning process, as well as personal and professional qualities of the teacher AND staff.

On the basis of comparative analysis of requirements of the FSES IN teacher education and Professional standards articulate a set of knowledge, skills, and labor actions, constitute the essence of the methodical training of teachers of a foreign language and to determine the specific tasks of professional self-development and improvement of the teacher. The identified knowledge, skills and labor actions will allow you to design an individual program in accordance with the predicted difficulties and complications in your professional activity.
Sources of education of employeers of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using mass media: analysis of pedagogical sources from ancient times to the XVII- th centery
Authors: Hramova Margarita
Published: October 2020

the introduction updates the urgent need to use the pedagogical potential of the mass media in the education of employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in continuing education.

The purpose of this article is to justify the need to organize the education of employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using mass media based on the analysis of pedagogical monuments of the period from ancient times to the XVII century.

The main part of the article deals with Russian pedagogical monuments of the period from ancient times to the XVII century: works of folklore and Chronicles. The authors-teachers of these works are studied. The article analyzes the process of management decisions made by higher authorities in the pre-state period, in the period of KievanRus, the Moscow Grand Duchy and Moscow state on the organization of education and training of citizens who subsequently influenced the system of education of employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using mass media in continuing education.

The article finishes with a General conclusion based on the results of a brief analysis of pedagogical monuments and the need to educate employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using the media in continuing education.
Learning to Solve Large-Scale Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problems
Authors: Xavier Álinson S. , Qiu Feng , Ahmed Shabbir
Published: October 2020

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is a fundamental problem in power systems and electricity markets. In practical settings, SCUC is repeatedly solved via mixed-integer linear programming (MIP), sometimes multiple times per day, with only minor changes in input data. In this work, we propose a number of machine learning techniques to effectively extract information from previously solved instances in order to significantly improve the computational performance of MIP solvers when solving similar instances in the future. Based on statistical data, we predict redundant constraints in the formulation, good initial feasible solutions, and affine subspaces where the optimal solution is likely to lie, leading to a significant reduction in problem size. Computational results on a diverse set of realistic and large-scale instances show that using the proposed techniques, SCUC can be solved on average 4.3 times faster with optimality guarantees and 10.2 times faster without optimality guarantees, with no observed reduction in solution quality. Out-of-distribution experiments provide evidence that the method is somewhat robust against data-set shift.

Summary of Contribution. The paper describes a novel computational method, based on a combination of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and machine learning (ML), to solve a challenging and fundamental optimization problem in the energy sector. The method advances the state-of-the-art, not only for this particular problem, but also, more generally, in solving discrete optimization problems via ML. We expect that the techniques presented can be readily used by practitioners in the energy sector and adapted, by researchers in other fields, to other challenging operations research problems that are solved routinely.
The Characteristics of Suicide in Gunungkidul Indonesia
Authors: Nurdiyanto F A , Jaroah Siti
Published: October 2020

Background: The suicide incidents in Gunungkidul did not decrease according to previous reports. This research was conducted to described suicide trends in Gunungkidul from 2012 to 2019 and their characteristics. Method: The research used retrospective approach by analyzing suicide data from local police based on demography (sex, occupation, age, residence) and the methods of suicide. We analyzed the suicide trends in the last 8 years. Results: The result of the descriptive analysis shows that suicide in Gunungkidul has the following characteristics: 1) mostly done by male than female, 2) farmers, 3) elderly (>60 years old) and adults (36-60 years old), and 4) hanging as the popular method to completed suicide. Conclusion: This research suggests that suicide prevention should be done to people with suicide risks, especially the elderly, and promotes suicide prevention to society. We proposed implementing community-based to reduce the accessibility of lethal methods of suicide.
Provision of supportive care
Authors: Nash Kate
Published: October 2020

Kate Nash discusses the factors that contribute to the development of the interpersonal skills required to support women during labour, which are integral to midwifery practice
Should pregnant women be in a high-risk COVID-19 category?
Authors: Alaszewski Andy
Published: October 2020

In the early stages of the pandemic, pregnant women were categorised high risk in several countries and advised to take extra precautions. This article examines the effect of this categorisation.
Factors Influencing Teachers' Decisions About Their Use of Community-Based Instruction
Authors: Hopkins Shari L. , Dymond Stacy K.
Published: October 2020

Teachers of high school students with severe disabilities are charged with making decisions about educational programming that prepares students for life post-school. This includes decisions about using community-based instruction (CBI) to teach skills that students will need to participate in the community. This qualitative study investigated the factors 13 high school special education teachers considered when making decisions about whether to use CBI with 26 students with severe disabilities and the factors they considered when selecting skills to teach these students during CBI. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using a constant comparative method. Findings indicate that program organization and individual student needs influenced teachers' decisions to use CBI. When selecting skills to teach during CBI, teachers considered the student's current and future needs, the classroom curriculum, skills needed in the community, and the student's ability to learn.
Street appropriation: Subversion as commodity in Dublin
Authors: Moran Ruth Alexandra
Published: October 2020

This article examines the recent intense public interest in Dublin street art collective Subset’s urban painting, which co-opts the language, practices and attitude of graffiti culture as brand narrative, producing a commodity from their portrayal of subversion, which they self-promote on social media. While the career trajectory from vandal or graffiti artist to the established art world is nothing new, what is particularly interesting is how Subset went from an unknown group of art college graduates in early 2017 to their acceptance and recognition by the arts establishment in late 2019. The case of Subset is interesting in terms of the evident cultural cachet of their synthesis of subversive practices and the promotion of their brand in their work, which has proven very popular with the public. As a result, the Subset brand has in turn been co-opted by traditional media, political discourse and the arts establishment.
La calidad de la responsividad de gobiernos de izquierda en países de América Latina: la percepción de la ciudadanía
Authors: Braga Maria do Socorro Sousa , Fukushima Kátia Alves
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el grado de responsividad, privilegiando la percepción de los ciudadanos sobre los gobiernos de la «izquierda moderada» de Brasil (2002-2010) y de Chile (2006-2010) y de la «izquierda contestataria» en Bolivia (2006-2014) y en Venezuela (1999-2013). Para ello se crearon indicadores de responsividad. Los resultados encontrados indican que hay una importante variación en el grado de responsividad de esas democracias gobernadas por las diferentes izquierdas
Necessidades formativas de professores iniciantes na educação básica: conceitos, concepções e revisão de literatura
Authors: Sousa Sandra Novais , Rocha Simone Albuquerque da , Oliveira Marli Amélia Lucas de , Franco Maria Joselma do Nascimento
Published: October 2020

O artigo apresenta como objetivo trazer ao debate a polissemia do conceito de necessidades formativas e a relação entre as concepções de formação e os instrumentos utilizados para fazer o levantamento ou diagnóstico dessas necessidades. Partiu-se dos seguintes questionamentos: o que se tem disponibilizado enquanto referenciais teóricos sobre necessidades formativas a pesquisadores do tema? Quais conceitos de necessidades formativas, e baseados em quais concepções de formação, são apresentados em dez anos de produção sobre o tema no cenário nacional? Quais as compreensões desses pesquisadores sobre as necessidades formativas de professores iniciantes na educação básica? Para tanto, como procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se primeiramente estudos de teóricos que pudessem contribuir para a compreensão do objeto, seguido da análise de artigos, dissertações e teses disponibilizados em bases de dados, selecionados a partir de critérios elencados em um protocolo de revisão sistemática. Como resultados, aponta-se que as produções de teóricos adotadas para a compreensão de conceitos sobre necessidades formativas contribuíram para aprofundar conhecimentos sobre o objeto. A revisão sistemática de literatura apontou a ausência da conceituação do termo necessidades formativas na maioria das produções analisadas, bem como a prevalência de um entendimento de necessidade como falta de conhecimentos advindos da formação inicial e ligados aos desafios e tensões próprias do cotidiano da profissão e do período de iniciação. Os resultados mostram também, a pertinência da constituição de espaços formativos colaborativos, bem como da elaboração, pelas redes de ensino, de programas de indução.
Professores universitários iniciantes: entre caminhos individuais e responsabilidades coletivas
Authors: Santos Marcos Henrique Almeida dos , De Sordi Mara Regina Lemes
Published: October 2020

O artigo objetiva compreender os desafios inerentes à fase inicial do exercício da docência, com foco nas necessidades formativas e, consequentemente, nas responsabilidades coletivas por um projeto de formação universitária. O texto, proveniente de uma pesquisa predominantemente qualitativa, toma como base os dados produzidos a partir do acompanhamento do trabalho de 10 professores iniciantes de uma universidade pública estadual, atuantes em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Acompanhamento que recorreu, essencialmente, à observação livre e intensiva de suas aulas, durante um semestre letivo e à adoção de narrativas como possibilidade de reflexão e formação. A análise dos dados possibilitou compreender que os caminhos individuais de formação e atuação profissional, construídos pelos professores universitários iniciantes, precisam ser fortalecidos a partir de responsabilidades coletivas que deem sustentação às suas microdecisões pedagógicas. Para tanto, são necessárias condições que favoreçam a promoção e a potencialização de diversificadas experiências concretizadas em iniciativas institucionais ou apoiadas por estratégias de pesquisa-formação. Aciona-se não só a compreensão das necessidades formativas sentidas pelos professores (dimensão subjetiva), referenciadas no campo pedagógico, como também as necessidades socialmente desejadas (dimensão objetiva). Vislumbra-se, assim, a interface entre os conhecimentos pedagógicos para o exercício da docência e a responsabilidade social inerente a um projeto socialmente pertinente e cientificamente relevante de formação de cidadãos-profissionais.
Oral Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Post Dexamethasone Injection at 7.2 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg Doses
Authors: Al Abrori Ucy Nur Hamida , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Hendarti Hening Tuti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Radithia Desiana
Published: October 2020

Objective: Oral candidiasis is an infection that occurs in the oral cavity and is caused by candida species, often Candida albicans. This infection commonly occurs in a condition of immunosuppression caused by dexamethasone. Due to the side effects of antifungal therapy, developing a standardized immunosuppressed animal model to induce oral candidiasis for new therapies is required. The aim of this study is to observe oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed Wistar rats post dexamethasone injection at 7.2 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg doses. Material and Methods: Twenty-one Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, treatment group 1 (injected with dexamethasone at a concentration of 7.2 mg/kg), and treatment group 2 (at a concentration of 16 mg/kg) for five days. Immunosuppression status was observed by leukocyte count and all the subjects’ palates were inoculated with C.albicans 0.1 ml of 15x108 UFC/ml 24 hours later. The subjects’ tongues were observed and confirmed by laboratory examination on day 10. A statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Tukey HSD, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: A significant clinical appearance of the subjects’ tongues was observed only between C and T1 (p=0.023;p<0.05). Significant hyphal formation was observed between C and T1 (p= 0.037;p<0.05) and between C and T2 (p=0.007;p<0.05), and no significant difference was observed between T1 and T2. A significant increase in the colony count was also observed in similar results. Conclusion: Dexamethasone injection at doses of 7.2 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg is effective in triggering immunosuppression to induce oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed Wistar rats.
Keywords
Dexamethasone; Immunosuppression; Oral candidiasis.
Clinical Evaluation of Postoperative Sensitivity in Class I Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Cardoso Renan Menezes , De Veras Bruno Mendonça Lucena , Pedrosa Marlus da Silva , Da Silva Claudio Heliomar Vicente
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative sensitivity in posterior restorations with different resin composites and adhesive systems as well as the influence of the depth and extent of the dental cavity. Material and Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was carried out with 80 class I restorations of 16 patients. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to the adhesive system + composite: F + P (Filtek P90™ + P90™); R + S (Rok™ + Stae™); P + A (P60™ + Adper SE PLUS™); E + X (Evolux™ + XPBond™ Adhesive). After 7, 15 and 30 days, the presence of postoperative sensitivity was evaluated and classified according to type and intensity. The data were submitted to Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact teste, Student’s t-test and ANOVA. A significance level of 5% was used for all tests. Results: The presence of postoperative sensitivity was approximately 6% of the total sample. The sensitivity decreased with the evaluation time, with the smallest reduction occurring from the 7-day evaluation compared to the other evaluations. Conclusion: There was found no evidence of influence of the resin composite and adhesive type, depth and extension of the cavities for the presence of postoperative sensitivity.
Keywords
Dentistry; Dentin sensitivity; Adhesives; Composite resins.
Tooth color alteration after debonding in orthodontic patients with adhesive removal using composite bur or tungsten carbide bur: a single center, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sadrhaghighi Amir Hooman , Mohammadi Amir , Abdollahzadeh Baghaei Tannaz , Alipour Hamed
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine whether recently developed fiber reinforced composite burs provided better results by comparing tooth discoloration after debonding of orthodontic brackets.Methods: A split-mouth, randomized controlled trial was carried out in one orthodontic office; including 23 patients with intact, vital and caries-free four upper incisors aged 12 to 30 years who completed their fixed orthodontic treatment. For each patient, upper central and lateral incisors on each side of the mouth were randomly selected to remove the adhesive with either a tungsten carbide bur (TC) (n = 46) or a fiber-reinforced composite bur (FC) (n=46). Color evaluation of each tooth was conducted at two time points: immediately after finishing and polishing procedure and two months afterwards. The primary outcome would be the amount of color change in each group during the post treatment phase. The participants, the person assessing the color change and the statistician were blinded to TC group assignment. Color changes in each group were analyzed with the Paired T-test. The color change corresponding to the resin removal method was also statistically analyzed with the Independent T-test at ?=0.05 as the level of significance.Results: 86 teeth, 43 in each group, were analyzed. The ?E value was 3.713±1.161, for teeth finished TC and 2.114±0.514 for teeth finished with FC (p<0.01).Conclusion: adhesive removal with FC bur results in a more color-resistant tooth surface in comparison with tungsten carbide bur.
Alcohol Intake and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Sinn Dong Hyun , Kang Danbee , Guallar Eliseo , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Zhao Di , Hong Yun Soo , Cho Juhee , Gwak Geum-Youn
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

We evaluated the association between alcohol intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in subjects with chronic viral hepatitis, using nationwide population-based cohort study.

METHODS:

A total of 364,361 men and women aged 40–84 years who underwent health screening examination between January 2002 and December 2013 that included assessment of frequency and amount of alcohol consumption were assessed for all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

RESULTS:

In participants without chronic viral hepatitis, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality comparing light, moderate, and heavy drinkers with nondrinkers were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.98), 1.08 (95% CI 1.01–1.16), and 1.51 (95% CI 1.33–1.72), respectively. In participants with chronic viral hepatitis, the corresponding HRs were 1.19 (95% CI 1.05–1.36), 1.23 (95% CI 1.06–1.43), and 1.69 (95% CI 1.28–2.24), respectively (P value for alcohol intake by chronic viral hepatitis interaction <0.001). Compared with participants without chronic viral hepatitis, those with chronic viral hepatitis had substantially elevated liver cancer or liver disease (HR 10.85, 95% CI 9.74–12.09) and extrahepatic cancer mortality (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26–1.49). In patients with chronic viral hepatitis, the high mortality due to liver cancer or liver disease and the positive association of alcohol intake with liver cancer or liver disease mortality explained the positive association of alcohol intake with all-cause mortality.

DISCUSSION:

Even light to moderate alcohol intake was associated with increased all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic viral hepatitis. Clinicians and public health campaigns should advise against any amount of alcohol intake in individuals with chronic viral hepatitis.
Abordagem não invasiva para correção do plano oclusal inclinado: relato de caso
Authors: Hansa Ismaeel , Ismail Ahmad , Vaid Nikhilesh R.
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Desenvolvido em 2019, o arco Yin-Yang é uma opção não invasiva para o tratamento de pacientes com inclinação do plano oclusal. Trata-se de um arco contínuo ligado aos braquetes de forma convencional. Basicamente, consiste em um arco com curva de Spee em um dos lados e curva de Spee invertida no outro lado. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um caso clínico para exemplificar o uso do arco Yin-Yang para corrigir a inclinação do plano oclusal em uma paciente que recusou tratamento cirúrgico ou com DATs. CONCLUSÃO: O arco Yin-Yang usa ancoragem recíproca para corrigir a inclinação do plano oclusal, extruindo um lado ao mesmo tempo em que intrui o outro.
A Proposal for updating the Aeronautic enlisted men’s evaluating performance instrument based on the perceptions of senior and warrant officers
Authors: Araújo Guilherme dos Santos , Araujo Fernando Oliveira de
Published: October 2020

Goal: identify the key competencies, in the perception of the senior officers and the warrant officers of the Air Force, necessary for the enlisted men to perform their functions and subject to consideration for updating the existing performance evaluation instrument.

Methodology: preliminarily, a documentary and bibliographic research was carried out, capable of supporting the construction of a questionnaire, which was answered by 674 senior officers and 727 warrant officers belonging to the research target audience. Data were analyzed using centrality and dispersion parameters, also considering Pearson's coefficient of variation.

Results: 29 competencies could be identified as being the main key competencies, highlighting those related to the alignment with military precepts.

Limitations: it is possible to obtain a large amount of data using questionnaire, but the method does not allow to deepen the structure and processes that involve the questions asked. Also, distortions can occur caused by the subjectivity present in the respondents' perception.

Practical implications: the results proved to be a proposal to updating the current performance evaluation system for enlisted men.

Value: the value of this research is its contribution to a better performance evaluation system for the Brazilian Air Force enlisted men.

Key Words: Competencies survey; Performance evaluation; Military promotion; Professional development.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP CORPORATE RISK DISCLOSURE (CRD) (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan-Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Pramardhikasari Ellensia , Januarti Indira
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence about the factors which areinfluence corporate risk disclosure (CRD) in annual report of corporates mining. Corporatecharacteristics used in this research are firm size and leverage companies. Risk disclosure wasmeasured by content analysis-sentence approach. The research data were collected from 160of financial statements and annual reports of corporates mining that listed in Indonesian StockExchanges (IDX) for 2011 until 2015. Theory agency be used in this research to explains therelationship between variables. The analysis method of this research is using multipleregression analysis. The result of this research find that corporate characteristics, firm size,have significant positive effect on corporate risk disclosure (CRD) and leverage companiesdidn’t have significant effect on it.
CYFRA 21-1 in patients with suspected cancer: evaluation of an optimal cutoff to assess the diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value
Authors: Garcia-Valdecasas Gayo Sonsoles , Ruiz-Alvarez Maria Jesus , Gonzalez-Gay Daniel , Ramos-Corral Raquel , Marquez-Lietor Eva , Del Amo Nazaret , Plata Maria del Carmen , Guillén-Santos Raquel , Arribas Ignacio , Cava-Valenciano Fernando
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Chosen cutoff for cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen (CYFRA 21-1) as a tumor biomarker considerably influences its diagnostic and prognostic usefulness. The aim of the present study is to determine an optimal cutoff value for diagnostic validity of CYFRA 21-1 by Lumipulse
® technology in patients with suspected cancer and also to determine if CYFRA 21-1 levels provide prognostic value.

Methods

A consecutive 284 patients suggestive of malignant disease from six hospitals of Madrid were enrolled in a retrospective design. Optimal CYFRA 21-1 cutoff value was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden test. The diagnostic validity was evaluated according to sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios. The prognostic value of CYFRA 21-1 was checked using multiple logistic regression. Thirty-two diagnostic cancers were confirmed.

Results

The most optimal cutoff was 3.15 ng/mL. This cutoff showed a better specificity 93.63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.66–96.16), positive predictive value 60.98% (95% CI, 44.54–75.38) and positive likelihood ratio 12.65 (95% CI, 7.64–20.95) than the cutoff recommended by Fujirebio® (1.8 ng/mL) (specificity: 73.71% [95% CI, 67.72–78.95], positive predictive value: 29.79% [95% CI, 21.02–40.23] and positive likelihood ratio 3.43 [95% CI, 2.71–4.35]), improving the current diagnostic accuracy. In multivariate analysis, elevated levels of CYFRA 21-1 (>3.15 ng/mL) was confirmed as an unfavorable prognostic factor.

Conclusions

The best cutoff for CYFRA 21-1 obtained was 3.15 ng/mL in patients with suspected cancer. This new cutoff decreases the false positive rate and improves the diagnostic efficacy of CYFRA 21-1 as a tumor marker as well as its association with death events.
Jerusalem Mamluk Regional Building Style as Demonstrated at Maqām al-Nabī Mūsā
Authors: Daʿadli Tawfiq
Published: October 2020

Maqām al-Nabī Mūsā, situated just off the route connecting Jerusalem to Jericho and to Amman further to the east, was a meeting place for thousands of pilgrims that gathered around the shrine during the mawsim (festival). Sultans, clerks, muftis, and wealthy families, who sought the saint’s blessing, put efforts into building facilities for those pilgrims. The earliest products of those donations, still identifiable on the ground, are the mausoleum built by the order of Sultan Baybars (r. 1260–1277) in the early days of the Mamluk era and the manāra (minaret) and the riwāq (open arcade) added by the order of Sultan al-Ashraf Qāytbāy (r. 1468–1496) toward the end of that era. Both building phases bear the imprint of local masons who were active in building Mamluk Jerusalem. Those masons developed their own regional style that differed from that of their counterparts in major Mamluk centers like Damascus and Cairo. A concomitant theme in this article is thus regional styles in architecture.
Some Remarks on Ibn Taymiyyaʼs Acquaintance with Imāmī Shīʿism in light of his Minhāj al-sunna al-nabawiyya
Authors: Vilozny Roy
Published: October 2020

Minhāj al-sunna al-nabawiyya fī naqḍ kalām al-shīʿa al-qadariyya is Ibn Taymiyyaʼs (d. 728/1328) famed voluminous response to Minhāj al-karāma fī maʿrifat al-imāma, a significantly shorter treatise by his Imāmī contemporary, al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (d. 726/1325). Focusing on parts of Minhāj al-sunna in which Ibn Taymiyyaʼs perception of Imāmī Shīʿism comes to the fore, this article sets out to evaluate to what extent his criticism of this manifestation of Islam was founded. Despite the obvious polemical nature of this work, I argue that the juxtaposition of Ibn Taymiyyaʼs portrayal of Imāmī Shīʿism in Minhāj al-sunna with both the information in Imāmī Shīʿī sources until his time and current academic research on Shīʿism reveals that he had a comprehensive acquaintance with a variety of Shīʿī tenets and historical developments. This observation is particularly interesting and important in view of al-Ḥillīʼs alleged dismissive reaction to Ibn Taymiyyaʼs counterwork and the general contemptuous attitude toward Minhāj al-sunna in Imāmī scholarly circles.
Buffered vector error-correction models: an application to the U.S. Treasury bond rates
Authors: Lu Renjie , Yu Philip L. H.
Published: October 2020

This paper extends the buffered autoregressive model to the buffered vector error-correction model (VECM). Least squares estimation and a reduced-rank estimation are discussed, and the consistency of the estimators on the delay parameter and threshold parameters is derived. We also propose a supWald test for the presence of buffer-type threshold effect. Under the null hypothesis of no threshold, the supWald test statistic converges to a function of Gaussian process. A bootstrap method is proposed to obtain the p-value for the supWald test. We investigate the effectiveness of our methods by simulation studies. We apply our model to study the monthly Federal bond rates of United States. We find the evidences of buffering regimes and the asymmetric error-correction effect.
Cultivo de anteras e inducción de callo haploide en germoplasma bc3 de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Angeles Alejandro , Rodríguez Guzmán Eduardo , Ramírez Serrano Carlos , Güitrón López María Marcela , Palmeros Suárez Paola Andrea
Published: October 2020

El girasol es la cuarta oleaginosa más importante a nivel mundial debido a su producción anual y al alto contenido de aceite en la semilla. Por otro lado, los haploides son una alternativa para obtener líneas endogámicas en corto tiempo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un protocolo para obtener callo haploide cultivando anteras in vitro en germoplasma segregante, empleando el medio Murashige & Skoog (MS). Se realizaron dos bioensayos: el primero consistió de 25 tratamientos con combinación de cinco dosis de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y benciladenina (BA) de 0 μM a 54 μM; el segundo consistió de cinco tratamientos, partiendo de 1.36 μM de 2,4-D y 1.33 μM de BA, incrementando en 1.36 μM y 1.33 μM de 2,4-D y BA, respectivamente, hasta la concentración de 6.80 μM de 2,4-D y 6.65 μM de BA. El callo obtenido se fijó con Farmer y fue observado al microscopio. En el bioensayo I, la inducción de callo apareció en 25 días en dosis bajas, con mayor peso fresco; con dosis mayores, la inducción se presentó en 40 días (r = -0.95). En el bioensayo II, la inducción apareció en 23 días con la dosis 6.80 μM de 2,4-D y 6.65 μM de BA y mayor peso fresco de callo. No se obtuvieron brotes en callos trasplantados. Se observaron granos de polen, callo haploide y diploide y células con genoma haploide.
Disposición a pagar por mezcal añejo en San Felipe, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Cervantes Luna Juan Oswaldo , Melo Guerrero Enrique , Hernandez ortiz Juan , Valdivia alcala Ramon , Sandoval Romero Fermin , Gonzalez Juarez Araceli
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estimar la disposición a pagar por mezcal añejo, elaborado de forma artesanal con 100% Agave salmiana, cultivado, originario de San Felipe, Guanajuato, México. Se empleó el método de valoración contingente y se aplicó una encuesta a 120 consumidores. A través de un modelo Logit binomial se encontró que la Disposición a Pagar (DAP) promedio fue de $576.82 pesos, lo que significa un sobreprecio del 37.34% con respecto al mezcal que se produce actualmente en el municipio. Esto representa una oportunidad para los productores para introducir una nueva clase de mezcal que les permita incrementar sus márgenes de ganancia.
The Influence of Non-Pneumatic Tyre Structure on its Operational Properties
Authors: Hryciów Z. , Jackowski J. , Żmuda M.
Published: October 2020

A non-pneumatic tyre (NPT) is a novel type of safety tyre that is designed to provide similar elastic properties to those offered by conventional pneumatic tyres. The main advantage of NPT is the lack of compressed air (like in a pneumatic tire) to ensure adequate traction forces and directional control. Suitable materials and the appropriate geometry of the supporting structure allows to achieve properties provides by pneumatic tires. Flexible spokes and closed structure like honeycomb are the most common solutions of supporting structure. Appropriate geometry, thickness and materials of this part affect the NPT properties; radial stiffness, unit pressure in the contact patch and the parameters of an area in contact with a non-deformable surface. The paper presents the FEM NPT model (NPT_0), which was validated with the results of experimental research of NPT. The NPT_0 model is subject to further modifications (layout and shape of the radial spokes) was used in the study. Seven new geometries of NPT supporting structure were selected for simulation tests. During the numerical tests the radial stiffness, unit pressure in the contact patch and the parameters of an area in contact with a non-deformable surface were determined. It has been observed that an increase in the curvature of the spokes reduced radial stiffness and increased the length of the contact path.
Severe early onset obesity and hypopituitarism in a child with a novel SIM1 gene mutation
Authors: Gonsalves Rob , Aleck Kirk , Newbern Dorothee , Shaibi Gabriel , Kapadia Chirag , Oatman Oliver
Published: October 2020

Summary

Single-minded homolog 1 (SIM1) is a transcription factor that plays a role in the development of both the hypothalamus and pituitary. SIM1 gene mutations are known to cause obesity in humans, and chromosomal deletions encompassing SIM1 and other genes necessary for pituitary development can cause a Prader–Willi-like syndrome with obesity and hypopituitarism. There have been no reported cases of hypopituitarism linked to a single SIM1 mutation. A 21-month-old male presented to endocrinology clinic with excessive weight gain and severe obesity. History was also notable for excessive drinking and urination. Endocrine workup revealed central hypothyroidism, partial diabetes insipidus, and central adrenal insufficiency. Genetic evaluation revealed a novel mutation in the SIM1 gene. No other genetic abnormalities to account for his obesity and hypopituitarism were identified. While we cannot definitively state this mutation is pathogenic, it is notable that SIM1 plays a role in the development of all three of the patient’s affected hormone axes. He is now 6 years old and remains on treatment for his pituitary hormone deficiencies and continues to exhibit excessive weight gain despite lifestyle interventions.

Learning points:

Mutations in SIM1 are a well-recognized cause of monogenic human obesity, and there have been case reports of Prader–Willi-like syndrome and hypopituitarism in patients with chromosomal deletions that contain the SIM1 gene.

SIM1 is expressed during the development of the hypothalamus, specifically in neuroendocrine lineages that give rise to the hormones oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and somatostatin.

Pituitary testing should be considered in patients with severe obesity and a known genetic abnormality affecting the SIM1 gene, particularly in the pediatric population.
Successful medical management of insulinoma with diazoxide for 27 years
Authors: Warren Annabelle M , Topliss Duncan J , Hamblin Peter Shane
Published: October 2020

Despite improvements in localisation techniques and surgical advances, some patients with insulinoma will not be cured by surgery or may not be suitable for surgery. Medical management with diazoxide is an option for such cases. This case report details 27 years of successful management of insulinoma using diazoxide. It has been effective and safe, with only minor adverse effects.

Learning points:

Long term diazoxide use can be a safe, effective option for insulinoma when it cannot be localised or removed surgically.

Common adverse effects include peripheral oedema, hyperuricaemia, and hirsutism.

68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT scan should be considered for insulinoma localisation when other modalities have been unhelpful.
SOCE-inhibitor reduced human sperm-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Zambrano Fabiola , Silva Liliana , Uribe Pamela , Gärtner Ulrich , Taubert Anja , Schulz Mabel , Sánchez Raúl , Hermosilla Carlos
Published: October 2020

Human spermatozoa activate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vitro. NETosis is an efficient mechanism through which polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) capture sperm in vitro. The objective of this study was to establish the role of store-operated Ca+2 entry (SOCE) in human sperm-triggered NETs and its impact on sperm integrity and oocyte binding capacity. PMN isolated from donors were exposed to spermatozoa isolated from normozoospermic donors using the swim-up technique and were divided into the following groups: (1) sperm, (2) PMN, (3) PMN + sperm, (4) PMN (pretreated with 2-APB, SOCE inhibitor) + sperm, (5) (PMN + DNase) + sperm, and (6) (PMN + PMA) + sperm (positive control). NETs were quantified using PicoGreen® and visualised by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence of extracellular DNA and neutrophil elastase. Plasma membrane, acrosome, and DNA integrity were analysed by flow cytometry, and oocyte binding was evaluated using the hemizona pellucida assay. Sperm-triggered NETosis negatively affected the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity and decreased the oocyte binding capacity. These effects were negated by an SOCE inhibitor, thus improving sperm function and achieving high oocyte binding capacity. The SOCE inhibitor significantly reduced NET formation compared with that in control PMN/sperm (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results advance the knowledge about the role of PMN in reproduction and will allow the development of strategies to block NET formation in situations of reduced fertilisation success.
ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ РЕКОНСТРУКТИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ НА ЗАСАДАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРИРОДНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ
Authors: ХВЕСИК Михайло , БИСТРЯКОВ Ігор , КЛИНОВИЙ Дмитро
Published: October 2020

Статтю присвячено визначенню шляхів забезпечення процесу внутрісистемної гармо-нізації взаємозв’язків економічних і політичних трансформацій щодо реконструктивного розвитку України з позицій модельних уявлень про перспективний фінансово-економічний механізм децентралізованого управління природними ресурсами.Запропоновано природно-ресурсну парадигму реконструктивного розвитку. Акцент зроблено на формуванні відносин суб’єктів господарювання, характерних для ліберально-демократичної моделі (зокрема, щодо впорядкування природно-ресурсних відносин). Ва-жливе місце відводиться застосуванню новітнього фінансово-економічного супроводу де-централізованого управління природними ресурсами. Показано характер співвідношення категорій «природні ресурси» та «природно-ресурсні активи». Природний ресурс розгля-нуто саме як капітал природного походження, який можливо безпосередньо залучити до господарського обороту, а тому він має вартість як товар і споживну вартість, тобто реа-льно здатний задовольняти запити населення. Природний актив безпосередньо стосується моделювання визначення напрямів реконструктивних дій і є природним ресурсом, залученим до господарського обороту, або таким, що може бути відразу безпосередньо використаним при виробництві товарів чи наданні послуг. Головний орієнтир у вдосконаленні структури управління природно-ресурсними активами пов’язаний з поглибленням розвитку господарської діяльності на територіальному рівні.З позицій розбудови реконструктивної економіки в напрямі формування ліберально-суспільної моделі розвитку, значне місце відводиться впорядкуванню системи фінансових відносин між бізнесом і владою.Зосереджено увагу на імплементації реконструктивного концепту розвитку. Такий концепт щодо ефективного використання природних ресурсів територій розглядається як процес переважно циклічного характеру, який представлено відповідним алгоритмом, що базується на використанні гнучких управлінських методів з урахуванням пріоритетних підойм у просторово-часовому вимірі.
КОНКУРЕНТНА СТРАТЕГІЯ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: ЛИПОВ Володимир
Published: October 2020

Розглянуто природно-ресурсний та соціокультурний потенціали формування конкурентних стратегій інтеграції України у глобальну економіку. Акцентовано увагу на суперечностях впливу факторів природного середовища, до яких віднесено багатство природних ресурсів та серединність розташування, які одночасно створюють можливості та формують виклики розбудові незалежної економіки, зокрема, зумовлюють амбівалентність соціальних орієнтацій цінностей, властивих національній культурі господарювання та формування феномену «ресурсного прокляття», перепони отриманню міжнародних конкурентних переваг за рахунок впровадження сучасних технологій. Розглянуто вплив цінностей на формування конкурентних стратегій. На прикладі використання результатів дослідження дистанції соціальної довіри українців у рамках World Values Survey (хвиля 2010¬–2014 рр.) показано витоки проблеми розбудови ефективної моделі капіталістичного устрою на основі цінностей, що одночасно заперечують як індивідуальну ініціативу, так і форми соціальної взаємодії, що виходять за рамки близького оточення. Тим самим обмежуються можливості становлення моделей корпорації як об’єднання капіталів (держави англосаксонської моделі) або індивідів (країни Північної та Центральної Європи (ПЦЄ)). Водночас півторасторічний досвід економічної модернізації заперечує традиційні цінності взаємної відповідальності власника та найманого працівника, на яких побудовано патріархальні корпорації країн Південно-Східної Азії (ПСА). Показано, що така ситуація зумовлює відмінність сформованої моделі взаємодії корпорації та держави від моделей мінімізації етатизму чи його допущення (країни англосаксонської моделі та ПЦЄ) або уявлення про державу як про велику корпорацію (країни ПСА) та формування олігархічно-кланової структури, спрямованої на отримання рентних доходів за рахунок експлуатації ресурсів держави. Наголошено на необхідності врахування вимог підтримки компліментарності елементів національної культури господарювання і інституціональної структури економічної моделі, що формується. Розглянуто інструменти інституційних трансформацій, які можуть бути використані в процесі формування конкурентних стратегій України (інституційний бріколадж (bricolage), рекомбінація, нашарування (layering), реінтерпретація (translation), зміщення (displacement), трансплантація (transplantation), вирощування).
ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ЕКОНОМІКА: ПОСТІНДУСТРІАЛЬНІСТЬ, ГЕНЕРАЦІЙНІСТЬ, ВІДКРИТІСТЬ
Authors: ТАРАСЕВИЧ Віктор , ЗАВГОРОДНЯ Олена
Published: October 2020

Розглядається актуальна проблематика інноваційно-інформаційної економіки постіндустріального типу в контексті європейського вибору України в умовах глобальних трансформацій. Інноваційно-інформаційна економіка характеризується як провідна складова, джерело, генератор і ядро саморозвитку постіндустріальної економіки, прогресивної еволюції національної економіки та суспільства. Йдеться, перш за все, про неосні інновації субстанційного типу та знаннєємну інформацію як форму представлення наукових знань, дійовий засіб спрямованого оновлення та перетворення екогенів та економічного геному національних економічних акторів, рушій їх креативної діяльності. Сучасна інноваційно-інформаційна революція визначає об'єктивний характер закономірностей наукової інтелектуалізації та інноваційної інформатизації економічної діяльності.Унікальна інноваційно-генераційна роль знань і знаннєємної інформації є детермінованою, зокрема, їх субстратними якостями, в тому числі: майже абсолютним метаморфізмом, індиферентністю до матеріалу носіїв, підвищеною мобільністю, здатністю бути об'єктом привласнення без відповідного відчуження, ефективним інтегратором факторів виробництва та каталізатором інноваційного капіталотворення, модератором циклічної коеволюції базових складових інноваційно-інформаційної економіки. У відтворювальних економічних процесах знання і знаннєємна інформація представлені безпосередньо як особливі сутнісні сили економічних учасників і у формі інноваційно-інформаційних продуктів (у неринковій сфері відтворення) або інноваційно-інформаційних товарів (у ринковій сфері відтворення). Зазначені продукти й товари є носіями основних якісних характеристик знань і знаннєємної інформації, що дозволяє їм бути провідними «гравцями» глобальної економіки.Притаманний інноваційно-інформаційній економіці креативний потенціал розвитку може бути реалізований лише за умов її національно орієнтованої відкритості до провідних глобальних тенденцій і процесів, зокрема: всеосяжної знаннєємної інформатизації та комп'ютерізації; активної креативізації економіки та суспільства; актуалізації економічних творчості та свободи; конкурентного співробітництва та цивілізованої боротьби; експансії мобільного й високопрофесійного людського капіталу. Інноваційно-інформаційна економіка має стати потужним авангардом національного розвитку.