bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Image Classification Models Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Zeng Lingtao
Published: March 2023

Image classification is a fundamental problem in computer vision, which deserves much attention in the past decade. To provide a comprehensive recall for the image classification task based on the deep learning algorithms, this paper first provides a brief history of computer vision and convolutional neural networks. Then, the current state of research and the direction of development of deep learning-based convolutional neural network models for image classification are examined. In addition, the basic model structure, convolution feature extraction, and pooling operations of standard and convolutional neural networks are also introduced. This paper summarizes the development of convolutional neural network models in recent years. In summary, based on the review of the development of image classification algorithms at home and abroad, the current mainstream image classification algorithms and frontier progress are summarized and analyzed, and the existing problems and future development directions of image classification are summarized and prospected. It can be concluded that deep learning-based methods has a great potential in this case.
Glass composition analysis and identification model based on variance test
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhang Yifan , Cheng Maotai
Published: March 2023

In this study, a qualitative and quantitative study was conducted on three factors: weathering condition and glass type, decoration, and color; bar graphs and line graphs were drawn and described for each factor at different levels of weathering condition; the relationship between the three factors and weathering condition was analyzed using chi-square test, and the correlation between glass type and weathering condition was obtained to be high; the correlation analysis (2) based on APRIORI algorithm (1) was used to The correlation analysis (2) based on APRIORI algorithm (1) was used to quantitatively calculate the relationship between different levels under each factor and the weathering condition, and it was obtained that the levels of ornamentation B, light blue and blue-green, high potassium and lead-barium had more significant effects on the weathering condition, and the results were consistent with the qualitative analysis. For the second sub-question of question 1, the chemical components with high variability between weathered and unweathered samples were selected using the MannWhitney test, and ridge regression was used to establish a model of weathering condition and these chemical components.For question 2, this paper conducted independent sample MannWhitney tests on glass type and each chemical composition to obtain twelve chemical composition indicators with significant differences between high potassium and lead-barium glasses. Specific functions between glass type and each component were fitted by ridge regression on these chemical components for high potassium and lead-barium glasses.
Vascular Robotics procurement model based on dynamic programming
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Xiao Jingtai , Su Ruiqi , Liu Lingbo
Published: March 2023

There is an increasing demand for vascular robots in the medical field, and different models of vascular robots have different use scenarios. Combining the usage characteristics and training rules of the ABLVR model vascular robot, this paper uses a dynamic programming model to optimize the hospital's short-term purchase decision for 1-8 weeks with the lowest cost as the goal. Considering the attrition of realistic use, the model is modified to derive a long-term purchase decision for hospitals with a 20% loss of robots working each week.
Battling Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Applying Biomarkers Testing to Pick the Best Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy
Authors: Xiong Lin
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors is a new treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.  Benefit from such ICI therapy, however, have been enjoyed by a minority of NSCLC patients, and durable clinical outcomes are scarce. Thus, identifying reliable biomarkers to predict patients’ possible response, and to indicate the progression status of tumors to further refine ICIs’ application in treating NSCLCs is of decisive importance. However, as ICIs are novel therapies applied for only a decade, long-term post-treatment follow-ups are scant, and the probing or detection methods for biomarkers may not be as reliable as believed. Thus, many of the biomarkers require further investigations to elucidate their exact role in varying NSCLC microenvironments. Based on previously established results and integrating updated clinical data, this review lists the 2 currently accepted ICI therapeutic regimens, presents their respective mechanisms of action and their corresponding predictive or prognostic biomarkers currently available. This systematic categorization of biomarkers to respective therapies may inform clinicians about the use of ICI therapies and raise their attention to emerging and established biomarkers in new treatment strategies.
Development of in vitro gene editing therapy in disease treatment
Authors: Han Yue , Sun Wenbin , Yan Yida , Zhao Jiaqi
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, multitudinous people have been suffering genetic diseases that caused by deficiency of genes. Numerous research has been carried out and many therapies have been proposed for this sort of diseases, such as cell therapy, gene-editing therapy. In vitro gene-editing therapy which refers to both gene-editing and cell therapy has become a promising therapeutic strategy for many genetic diseases. This review mainly focuses on several hereditary diseases relevant to blood, liver and pancreas, systematically summarizes the development of in vitro gene-editing therapy in anemia, congenital liver metabolic diseases and diabetes caused by gene deficiency and discusses the strengthens and limitations of this protocol.
Exploring the Relationship Between Garlic Intake and the Risk of Getting Different Types of Cancer
Authors: Yue Runyu
Published: March 2023

Whether the correlation exists between the risk of getting cancer and garlic intake is a mystery. On one hand, the media advertise that garlic could lower the opportunity of getting cancer, but on the other hand, no serious proof or studies are given. In order to quantitatively demonstrate the authenticity, a meta-analysis is applied grounded upon previous works for exploring the relationship between garlic and cancer. Five different types of cancers are considered in this work, including gastric, colon, prostate, breast, and lung cancer. The collected dataset is analyzed by the linear probing model for evaluating the previous results measured by risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR). Then the averaged correlations between garlic intake and cancer of different types are calculated and further visualized for comparison. The results show that no major correlation is identified between garlic intake and the opportunities of suffering from all kinds of cancer. Moreover, the degree of correlation between different types of cancer can have a discrepancy to some extent.
Alzheimer’s Disease Related Target and Therapies
Authors: Hou Chengshuo
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer's disorder (AD) affects about seven percent of people above the age of sixty-five and about forty percent of persons above eighty years, and the burden of the disease is likely to be threefold by 2040. The disease process is marked by a buildup of misfolded proteins, inflammatory changes, and oxidative destruction. Nowadays, four approved drugs: memantine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine have been used as first-line treatment approaches for AD because of their safety profiles and promising tolerability. However, their effectiveness and benefits are relatively limited and modest. The failure of these cholinesterase inhibitors to alter the disease process calls for more innovations for future therapies. The promising future therapies discussed include anti-amyloid, anti-tau therapy, microtubule stabilization, restore lysosomal acidification, ApoE Lipidation, and microglia targeted therapies. These potential disease-modifying interventions target the pathological features of the disorder, including the tau protein and the amyloid plaques. Further investigations are required to evaluate the efficaciousness and benefits of future therapies to lower the burden of the disease locally and internationally.
The usage of Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Cui Wenhui
Published: March 2023

Bladder cancer is common cancer threatening countless people’s lives. Urothelial carcinoma contributes to 90% of bladder cancer cases and has a low average five-year relative survival rate of 6% if metastasized. Finding appropriate therapy for those with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (MUC) is therefore crucial. Most patients cannot get first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and a small number cannot receive any platinum-based treatment. The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab blocking the PD-1 with the PD-L1 protein expressed on urothelial carcinoma cells. This blockade reduces immunosuppressive effects and restores effective neoplastic cell eradication. Compared to conventional chemotherapy strategies, pembrolizumab had significant improvement in the safety profile, reduction of adverse effect rate, and elongation of survival under certain conditions. It offers an alternative treatment option for those who are ineligible for chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab has been given the approval to be used in first-line settings for patients who are ineligible for platinum and second-line settings for patients who have already had chemotherapy. This paper summarizes the mechanism and application of pembrolizumab for treating MUC. The drug’s efficacies under different conditions, advantages, current issues, and future investigation directions are discussed.
The Role of Microbes for Triggering Neurological Diseases
Authors: Wang Kainan
Published: March 2023

Neurological diseases have become a focus of study due to the aging of society. This research analysis different diseases including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, where the microbes that cause or contribute to their development of symptoms. This includes what causes the diseases’ symptoms and how microbes contribute to those symptoms. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are largely connected with neuroinflammation and amyloid build-up in the brain. Spirochetes are known to produce neuroinflammation. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been shown to increase in the patient’s brain, but this is not supported by all research. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is connected to neurodegeneration. Although exercise may aid in the slowing of the development of Alzheimer’s disease, the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Parkinson’s disease is mostly caused by neuron death, which leads in decreased dopamine levels. This is due to DJ-1, which has been related to cell cycle checkpoint disruption. Repeated infections with Citrobacter rodentium cause Parkinson's-like motor symptoms as well as the mice lose their dopaminergic neuronal axonal varicosities. Proteus mirabilis causes neuronal loss. Lactobacillus and inflammation have been related in stroke. Other than the microorganisms discussed in this article, there are many more that influence the brain and contribute to diseases. More study could look into ways to reduce the presence of those microorganisms and reverse the damage they cause.
Perspective of Ethical Issues Associated with Cognitive BMI
Authors: Song Yidong
Published: March 2023

With their rapid development and huge potential, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) will become one of the most important technologies in human society within decades. However, the ethical framework around this technology is far from mature. This paper seeks to summarize, analyze, and provide solutions to ethical issues associated with a particularly transformative family of BMIs - cognitive BMIs. 18 articles were included in this review through a structured article selection process. The discussion of the ethics of cognitive BMIs is divided into six topics: (i) individual cost-benefit balance; (ii) privacy and cybersecurity; (iii) autonomy, authenticity, and responsibility; (iv) equality; (v) cultural issues; (vi) military dual use. Within each topic, ethical issues that appeared in the reviewed articles are discussed, and solutions or directions for approaching them are given.
Regeneration Progress in Heart Attack
Authors: Chen Baicheng
Published: March 2023

Heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, is a common and fatal cardiovascular disease all around the world. Not only is there the high death rate, but is there the increased risk of further heart failure, which makes the researches on heart regeneration of great importance and worthy of continuing. Although great progress has been made in recent years, current treatment of heart attack cannot perfectly eliminate the potential risks of future heart problems. In order to find an ultimate solution to the disease, scientists have been studying the heart regeneration abilities on newts, zebrafish, and neonatal mice, etc, and have understood various mechanisms of animal heart regeneration; however, heart regeneration possibility on humans is still not studied enough and the side effects on humans are the main obstacles for the regeneration techniques to be medically used, but this technology still has great potentials and might ultimately eliminate the underlying risks of heart attack.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Liao Jingyao
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly caused by aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques. As the most common cause of dementia, the population of AD patients has risen significantly in recent years. Due to the difficulty to diagnose AD at its early stage and the rapid development of the disease, AD is still an unsolved puzzle in the medical world. Though there are treatments for delaying symptoms of AD such as anti-amyloid therapy and medicine treatments that contain Cholinesterase inhibitors therapy, efficient therapies which treat AD fundamentally are yet to be discovered. The review paper will focus on one of the most promising therapies for AD, stem cell therapy. Compared to slowing down the disease, stem cell therapy can actually help the patients to grow brand-new neurons hence the treatment is pretty worthy to be studied. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are able to develop into new brain cells. There are four types of stem cell therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mesenchymal Stem Cells therapy, Neural Stem Cell therapy, Embryonic Stem Cell therapy, and Induced Pluripotent stem Cell therapy. Among all the stem cell therapies, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) therapy has the most potential to work out due to the successful trials upon rodent animal models. Nevertheless, no stem cell therapy for AD succeeds in human trials so far. Besides, the likelihood of cancer and tumor should also be taken into consideration.
Advances and applications of Nanotechnology to solve Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Tang Yating
Published: March 2023

Coronary heart disease is a common disease faced by human beings, regardless of age, there may be a risk of disease. But the sequelae of this disease are so high that bypass technology is not yet fully developed. Now for the solution of coronary heart disease is mainly in the study of nanoparticle implantation method, unlike modern bypass surgery years of medicine, can also recover well. This will greatly reduce the side effects of medicine on the body, and also save money. Nanotechnology will take a long time to make a clinical diagnosis and obtain a lot of evidence. The exact timing has not yet been determined, but it is clear that nanoparticles have potential.
Causes and ways of detection of dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dai Jiaqi
Published: March 2023

Inherited cardiomyopathy has a wide variety and complex symptoms, which can cause a severe burden on the patient's family. Researchers have done a lot of research on inherited cardiomyopathy. Among the five inherited cardiomyopathy under the current classification standard, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy are two of the more in-depth studies. Researchers have now identified many of the genes responsible for the two most familiar forms of cardiomyopathy. The pathogenic factors of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mainly concentrate on the two gene mutations of MYBPC3 and MYH7, and others are fairly rare. The etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy is more complex. LMNA gene variants are relatively common in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Also, MYH7 and TNNT2 variants are more common causes of this condition. In addition, the researchers discovered part of the pathogenic mechanism of the two diseases and achieved different results of the clinical detection methods and etiological detection methods of the diseases. In clinical testing, myocardial biopsy is still the gold standard, and electrocardiography and echocardiography are widely utilized as clear indicators. In terms of etiology detection, two generations of genetic testing methods with their advantages and disadvantages, but with an accuracy rate higher than 95% have been put into use. This article summarizes information about the two diseases the authors read, including basic information on cardiomyopathy, the gene-level etiology of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, and the role of gene sequencing in disease detection, as well as several commonly available methods for the detection of both types of cardiomyopathy.
Comparison and Analysis of Incidence Rate of Bacillary Dysentery in Selected Countries
Authors: Liu Ximan , Ni Mojun , Yin Jie , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2023

Bacillary dysentery is a waterborne and foodborne disease, which results in substantial morbidity all over the world. However, the changes in morbidity over time and the cause of bacillary dysentery varies in countries with different level of development. The study aims to compare the characteristics and changes of bacillary dysentery incidence and proper interventions in selected countries. From 2010 to 2019, the morbidity and mortality of it in underdeveloped countries are higher, indicating that the disease burden of bacillary dysentery in a specific country is associated with the level of development. The species of Shigella also show a difference. The outbreaks of bacillary dysentery in under-developed and developing countries are mainly caused by S.flexneri, while S.sonnei account for most infections in developed countries. The risk factors in underdeveloped countries are uneven health conditions and funding, inadequate health education, and poor hygiene and sanitation. As for developing countries, the risk factors are related to regional economic conditions, meteorological conditions, health conditions, and living habits. However, for developed countries, the emerging drug resistance of the pathogenic Shigella and the transmission between the men sex with men (MSM). Individual, household and government should be carried out with cooperation in countries with varying levels of development to reduce the burden of bacillary dysentery. The pathogen of bacillary dysentery has advanced quickly in recent years, bringing much disease burden globally. All nations must address the socioeconomic causes of bacillary dysentery. Scientific interventions need to be carried out according to the actual situations and specific risk factors to meet the demand of reducing Shigella morbidity and mortality.
Brain-Computer Interface Technologies for Neurological Diseases
Authors: Li Shuangjie
Published: March 2023

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a device that monitors central nervous system (CNS) activity and transforms it into artificial output that can be used to replace, improve, supplement, or restore the natural CNS output. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technologies for neurological diseases are vital for the well-being of related patients. This paper presents 4 forms of BCI technologies used for neurological diseases: EEG-based BCI for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Neural Cursor and BCI Spellers for ALS patients, Seizure Prediction BCI for those with epilepsy, and Motor Imagery BCI (MI-BCI) for the treatment of upper-limb strokes. The development and applications of the aforementioned BCI technologies are covered in detail. This literature review's objective is to examine the key characteristics of BCI technologies used to make the life quality of neurological disease sufferers better. The author aims to assist concerned researchers and individuals with the gathered information and help future researchers to learn better from previous studies.
Correlation Analysis Between Microbes And Human Diseases
Authors: Zhou Fangzheng
Published: March 2023

The pathophysiology of human diseases has been shown to be strongly connected to a variety of microorganisms. The microbiome that inhabits the human bodies has a significant impact on our health, yet its relationship to disease remains poorly understood. Now, various microbial-based human illness networks have been created, examining the micro-to-macro link between microorganisms and disease. In addition, microbial-based disease analysis can anticipate new disease-microbe-drug correlations and processes. The prediction techniques and scientific achievements given could be used to solve intractable medical problems. On the basis of evidence that microbes have either been demonstrated to play pathogenic roles in promoting obesity, NAFLD, and cardiovascular illnesses, a link has been established between gut bacteria and the development of numerous diseases, both positively and negatively. How to better systematically comprehend the intricate connections between bacteria and hosts within the human body and develop novel tailored medications to tackle metabolic illnesses. Reduce the number or activity of dangerous microorganisms by encouraging the reconfiguration of the gut microbiota, or utilizing their activity to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. Analyzing the pathogenic logic chain of microbes in various diseases, identifying the metabolic mechanism at the micro level, and developing more accurate methods for disease prediction.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Approved for Use in China
Authors: Li Yuyang
Published: March 2023

Rapid antigen tests (RATs), a simple, inexpensive test that can be performed at home by residents, have been widely used in COVID-19 diagnosis around the world. Until 29th April 2022, the Chinese National Medical Products Administration (CNMPA) has approved a total of 31 items of RAT products. Review the existing research evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of CNMPA-approved RATs, then collect the raw data of included texts, calculate the sensitivity and specificity in each study, and compare them with these two aspects to provide optimal choice for RAT used in real-life practice. Using the Cochrane and WHO COVID-19 databases, studies with full texts published between 2020-2022 were included if they aimed detection for SARS-CoV-2 infection, had CNMPA-approved RAT for index testing and compared with RT-PCR results. Studies were excluded if they failed to provide primary data for accuracy testing or the data provided did not allow the calculation of sensitivity or specificity. No language restrictions were applied in this review, and all study designs that provided diagnostic accuracy data were accepted. Results: 22 studies were included in this review. All CNMPA-approved RATs included in the review performed well in diagnostic specificity except for four individual studies. However, the sensitivity of CNMPA-approved RATs varied widely among different RATs and different studies. The two worst sensitivity-performing RATs were Savant and LEPU, while the best was Wondfo.
Cholera Prevention and Treatment Policy Analysis in India
Authors: Li Yunshu
Published: March 2023

In India, cholera has been a problem for a long time, yet it is still widespread. Cholera can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, with a high mortality rate in untreated patients. Despite the efforts of the government of India, the cholera pandemic in India has not yet been eradicated. Consequently, it is essential to analyze the reasons. This presentation will also present a possible reaction mechanism from the standpoint of public policy. Even though cholera is a preventable and curable illness, it is seen as a severe public health issue in a developing and densely populated nation such as India. Cholera is transmitted primarily through contaminated water, and migration, restricted access to clean drinking water, poor sanitation, a climate conducive to virus transmission, overcrowding, religious beliefs, open defecation, and ignorance of disease transmission are the primary causes of its rapid spread in India. Awareness of cholera control, the development of public restrooms, and the availability of vaccines are therefore crucial.
Comparison of the effectiveness of different HIV-1 prevention methods, and their mechanisms.
Authors: Sawanobori Akihiko
Published: March 2023

HIV is an incurable disease that destroys the body's immune system, resulting in acquired immune deficiencies, or AIDs. The United States, responding to UNAIDS' 90-90-90 project, is greatly focused on reducing the number of HIV-infected patients, and the deaths caused by AIDS. Over the past decade, the number of new HIV cases per year decreased by approximately 11.4% from 2010 to 2018, due to the implementation of new prevention methods. According to the study, US was committed to providing interventions to increase public awareness of HIV, reduce death caused by HIV/AIDS, and retain those diagnosed with HIV in medical care. To achieve such a goal, the prevention of HIV plays a key role. The relevant treatment plan is mainly to control the viral load by intervening in the transcription and replication of the virus through drugs. to maintain the relative number of CD4+ cells. This research, therefore, analyses the mechanism and discusses the effectiveness of the prevailing prevention strategies through availability, effectiveness, efficacy, side effects, and percent of correct usage.
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Society
Authors: He Zixin , Sun Jiayi , Yan Ruien
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus pandemic, which began in 2019, has caused untold losses. The new coronavirus can be transmitted by aerosol, contact, etc., making it highly infectious. More than 500 million cases have been reported worldwide so far. In addition to the symptoms of the disease itself, such as dyspnea, isolation due to the spread of the virus has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of most people and the global economy. Surveys and studies have shown that during the epidemic, more than 50% of enterprises experienced a drop-in revenue of more than 20%. Only 9.96% of businesses can continue to operate with the number of consumers drastically reduced. Among them, the loss of tourism and transportation industry may be the most serious. Data released by the China Tourism Academy showed that the number of inbound tourists and international tourism revenue fell by 34.7 percent and 40.6 percent, respectively, down about US$50.32 million and US$53.4 billion from last year. This article mainly discusses the economic damage caused by Covid-19. and its impact on the environment. The psychological impact of epidemic isolation on the population is briefly accepted, and the relevant treatment methods are briefly described at the end.
The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on food security among pregnant women
Authors: Peng Guo
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 first appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. It has affected more than 600 million people currently all around the world. In the initial stage of the pandemic, the Chinese government acted swiftly to lockdown Wuhan and enforced restrictions on outdoor activities to minimise the virus transmission between people. Policymakers in many countries acted similarly to limit population mobility to minimise the direct effects of COVID-19 on humanity. Accumulating research has been done to investigate the negative impact of food insecurity on pregnant women. Also, there is a growing number of research on virus characteristics, COVID-19 mortality rate, and social and financial implications. However, little research has been done to investigate the food insecurity as an indirect consequence of the pandemic and COVID-19 itself and how it will adversely affect pregnant women. This study identifies three primary factors that contribute to food insecurity among pregnant women during COVID-19: changing eating patterns, difficulty getting antenatal care, and poor socioeconomic level. A review will be conducted in this study with the aim of determining the factors of COVID-19 that could contribute to food insecurity and how it influences pregnant women. A call for action will be generated in three levels in terms of individual, community, and national to support food supplies and promote healthy behaviours among pregnant women.
How do Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 Make Covid-19 Pandemic Inevitable?
Authors: Wang Yunqi
Published: March 2023

People's lives throughout the world have been impacted by the Covid-19 epidemic. There are numerous viruses that can cause human disease, so what exactly made SARS-CoV-2 different from others and caused a quite severe impact? Unlike other common viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and virulent. The most crucial surface protein of coronaviruses is the spike (S) protein, and it is the structure that is responsible for binding human cells and infecting them. And the mutation of the S protein that gives the virus higher affinity with the host receptor might be a possible explanation for its strong infectiousness. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors are the sites on cell surfaces where SARS-CoV-2 binds, it is an important enzyme in the human body that has various regulatory roles. This paper will also discuss their structure and functions, as well as the possibility of treating ACE2 proteins as a target to diminish the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
Treatment of tetracycline-stained teeth: A narrative review
Authors: Lin Yue , Deng Mohong , Huang Yusi , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: March 2023

Tetracycline teeth are caused by the use of tetracycline antibiotics during the growth period, and the clinical manifestation is tooth staining. Aesthetic restoration can be carried out by bleaching, cold light whitening, all ceramic veneer restoration, all ceramic crown restoration, and light cured resin restoration. In the current research, researchers focus on new veneers and resin materials, and whether other tetracycline antibiotics induce tetracycline teeth or not.
Aducanumab - a potential pharmacological therapeutic treatments for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ding Chen
Published: March 2023

The first cause of dementia symptoms in the elderly worldwide is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which lead to a continuous and gradual memory loss that causes significant distress towards people. Known from World Alzheimer’s Report, dementia is now the top 7 mortality cause globally. There are several hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. Among them, beta-amyloid cascade hypothesis and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are two of the most mainstream opinions. However, beta-amyloid cascade hypothesis is being questioned. In order to deal with this disease, both non-pharmacological (cognitive improvement) and pharmacological therapeutics (rivastigmine) can relieve symptoms of AD, such as dementia to some extent, but they cannot directly treat AD. Under this situation, for the purpose of finding drugs that can cure AD, thousands of drugs clinical trials are under progress. Although most of the ongoing drugs passed through the phase 2 clinical trial successfully, only Aducanumab passed though the phase 3, becoming the first new drug for AD approved by FDA. Nonetheless, Aducanumab is controversial in the scientific community. This paper briefly introduces the mechanism of action and research progress of aducanumab.
Adjuvant Effects of Natural Products of Herbal Origin in Tumor Therapy and Their Mechanisms
Authors: Liao Yuru
Published: March 2023

Cancer has always been a major obstacle to people living a healthy life. How to treat cancer and reduce the sequelae of treatment is one of the key research projects today. The majority of cancer treatments still use a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, which is costly and prone to a range of adverse effects and complications. It is urgent to find new treatment options and to alleviate patients' adverse reactions. This paper studied several typical natural products and found that plant extracts have more obvious positive effects in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and slowing down the side effects of surgery. The use of such natural extracts can effectively inhibit the cancer therapy-induced sequelae, improve the lives of patients. In addition, some plant extracts also have a good inhibitory effect on the growth and spread of cancer cells. These natural products can be used as specific in the treatment of cancer, effectively reducing tumor cells and inhibiting their rate of spread.
Application of Nobel Metal Nanomaterials for Antibacterial and Disease Treatment
Authors: Guo Fuqiao
Published: March 2023

The research progress of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly in the past half century, and nanotechnology using noble metals as nanomaterials is particularly special. The emerging promise of medical treatments in this broad field has attracted the attention of many researchers. Several noble metal nanomaterials are gradually being used in the biomedical field. It is necessary to investigate the application direction and application prospect of noble metal nanomaterials. In this research, there will evaluate the current research and analysis the data to gain the potential of these nanomaterials. At the same time, this research also introduces the application of some special noble metal nanomaterials, including gold nanomaterials, silver nanomaterials, platinum nanomaterials, and other nanomaterials in clinical treatment, anticancer and other aspects, and analyzes these research results and application prospects, and some cases that have achieved excellent results in medicine are presented in the research. Noble metal nanomaterials have great advantages and potential, helping to overcome many technical obstacles in the medical field, and such materials will play an irreplaceable role in the future.
The emerging role of vaccines in cancer therapies
Authors: Zhang Junchen
Published: March 2023

Globally, there is a severe public health issue with cancer. Comprehensive funding has been provided for the creation of medicinal vaccines against cancer. The efficiency of vaccines in preventing bacterial and viral illnesses has been demonstrated. Over the past 200 years, they have averted many fatal diseases and saved countless lives. Vaccines protect against diseases brought on by viruses and bacteria by exposing recipients to attenuated or inactivated pathogens. Thereby, the individual's immune system can identify the antigen and behave. DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and synthetic peptide vaccines are just a few of the innovative vaccinations created in recent years using modern biotechnology. Immune adjuvants or drug delivery systems are utilized to enhance immunogenicity through extensive immune system research, tests on animal models, and clinical trials of vaccines. This review paper will discuss therapeutic cancer vaccine mechanisms and cancer vaccine delivery methods.
Development of Vaccines in Celiac Disease Therapies
Authors: Zhu Chengjia
Published: March 2023

In Western countries, celiac disease is a relatively common genetic immune disorder. When a patient ingests foods containing gluten, the gluten protein acts as an allergen and can cause the patient to develop the disease. The disease is not directly fatal, but its onset can be very uncomfortable for the patient, and its complications may lead to an increased chance of developing certain cancers. A lifetime gluten-free diet has already been the standard course to prevent celiac disease symptoms, but it can be challenging. In past studies, researchers have attempted to prevent patients from developing or mitigating their condition through vaccines as a treatment. However, with research stagnating and clinical trials being canceled, the production of a celiac disease vaccine is currently experiencing a bottleneck. Fortunately, the treatment of celiac disease is not the only way to build tolerance through vaccines; other therapies under investigation as well as new vaccine design ideas may be effective in treating celiac disease. This review systematically summarizes the scientific status of the celiac disease and discusses the potential of vaccine as a promising treatment for celiac disease.
Gag-derived VLPs and the delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 system in Gene and Cell Therapies
Authors: Tan Xiao
Published: March 2023

Cancer had been an unsolved problem for decades that accounts for 375,400 cases in UK each year, with only a 50% survival rate of 10 or more years. With more recent advances in gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, immunotherapy was able to advance to better engineer T cells for adoptive T cell transfer therapies such as T cell receptor (TCR) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. For more efficient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 system, several human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as well as murine leukaemia virus (MLV) group-specific antigen (Gag)-based virus like particles (VLP)s were designed by either directly fusing the Cas9 mRNA, Cas9 protein, or sgRNA to either the N- or C-terminus of the Gag polyprotein or by inserting or replacing a part of the Gag polyprotein. The Gag polyproteins can then self-assemble, carrying their cargo and packaging them inside the VLP. All designs demonstrated a significant increase in cargo capacity and successful delivery of both Cas9 mRNA and Cas9 proteins or nucleases for T cell engineering, and this provides great potential for additional gene modifications in order to target specifically solid tumour due to their high efficiency and multiplexed editing nature.
A Method for Evaluating and Optimizing Electric Bus Routes’ Efficiency that Uses Multi-perspective Charging and Passenger Flow Management--With Case Analysis in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Dai Tongyu
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a method and three indexes that could help evaluate the efficiency of city Electric Bus routes from different aspects, including the level of effective carrying capacity and overall operational cost. Most Electric Bus routes may see difficulty managing different vehicles’ charging and dispatching patterns and generate a large amount of wasted energy and human resources. Based on the case route in Hangzhou, China, and simulation conducted through calculation, showing this guidance and the indexes could enable people to spot the problem in operation and provide guidance for altering the charging-dispatching schedule to reduce approximately 20% of the operational inefficiency.
Engineering Car for Autistic Children
Authors: Lu Hongze
Published: March 2023

Through the opportunity of some public welfare activities, this study gradually has a deeper and deeper understanding of autism, and this study really want to help them improve their disease as much as possible. Through some adjustments, study found that the best time to improve children's autism is around the age of 2. Therefore, this study wants to design toys through research and inspection, and try to improve the condition of children with autism. Therefore, this study designed a toy that can stimulate all aspects of the senses of young children to try.
Developments and Applications of Microfluidic Pumps and Valves
Authors: HONG HSIAO CHI SONIJA , Wu Leying , Yan Xiang , Wang Sitan
Published: March 2023

Microfluidic technology is used a lot in modern engineering. Microfluidic pumps and valves are key topics of microfluidic research today. Microfluidic pumps and valves have long life of equipment with low power waste. They can transport liquids like water and oil. Microfluidic pumps and valves are widely used in household appliances, cooling systems and medical devices. However, there is still a research gap on the improvement of the performance of the microfluidic pumps and valves. Therefore, this paper summarizes the recent developments and applications of the design and optimization techniques for micropumps and microvalves. The basic principle of topology optimization technique for micro-pumps and valves and its applications are detailed. Research findings are summarized. Suggestions are put forward to provide useful guidelines for future research. Overall, this paper can be served as a useful reference for those who would like to know the optimization design method of microfluidic pumps and valves.
Recent Advances of Flow Rate Simulation in Gear Pumps
Authors: Wu Ruihan
Published: March 2023

The gear pump is a rotating pump that moves and changes depending on the working volume that is created between the gear and the pump cylinder to transport or pressurize the liquid. It is one of the most widely used hydraulic pumping devices. It has been adopted in road equipment, conveyor systems, and other industrial machineries. Its performance is critical to the engineering equipment. With the development of fluid mechanics, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique is widely used to predict the internal flow filed of gear pumps. CFD can provide researchers more intuitive observation and analysis to help the designers to enhance the effectiveness of gear pump. This paper summarizes the principle of flow simulation methods for gear pump and its applications. The research results and key findings are summarized. Defects of existing research are pointed out and suggestions for future research are provided. To sum up, this paper has a certain reference value for researchers who would like to know the hydraulic simulation process for gear pumps.
Current Situation and Prospect of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Automotive Design
Authors: Liu Jianing
Published: March 2023

With the continuous innovation and progress of automobile technology, people have put forward higher and stricter requirements on the safety and environmental protection of automobiles. Therefore, the air resistance, surface pressure, aerodynamic lift, aerodynamic side force and other mechanical problems must be considered comprehensively in the design of automobiles. Fluid mechanics is the study of the motion of gases and liquids under the action of various forces and the application of the discipline. All objects moving in the earth's atmosphere are affected by fluid mechanics, so fluid mechanics has a very important guiding significance to the design of vehicle. This paper is mainly aimed at the influence of air resistance on the performance of the car, the fluid mechanics Angle analysis of the role of the car streamlined design, the principle of the car streamlined body, the shape of the streamline several aspects of the comprehensive introduction of fluid mechanics in the car body design application.
A Study on the Influence of the Flow Field around the Front and Rear Wings on the Resistance of F1 Racing
Authors: Li Zefeng , Meng Xiangzhuo , Yao Dourui
Published: March 2023

In the racing field of F1 cars, the size of wind resistance and the flow field distribution of the environment around the car at high speed play a key role in the driving speed and turning speed of the car. The amount of wind resistance is controlled by a system called DRS, which controls both the nose and the rear wing of an F1 car. In this paper, the influence of the design of the front wing and rear wing on the air resistance of the car in driving is introduced in detail. The fluid characteristics around the F1 car are analyzed by analyzing the wind resistance and wind force in various places during driving. In addition, this paper will analyze the formation of the tail-vortex of the racing car, control the strength of the tail-vortex system and reduce its turbulence degree, and at the same time reduce the turbulent energy consumption of the air flow to achieve the purpose of drag reduction. The research shows that the formation of tail-vortices is the main reason for the drag of automobile driving. We want to reduce the drag of tail-wing and weaken the formation of these vortices.
Comparison of planet detectors of Opportunity and Juno
Authors: Cheng Jinghan
Published: March 2023

Generally, the planet detectors offer a unique insight for planet detection in astrophysics. This paper focuses on the planetary probes by first introducing the origin of humans’ exploration of the Solar System ever since the Space Race in the Cold War era. The main topic is about the three different types of probes ever launched (i.e., lander, orbiter, and flybys). Two probes, Mars rover Opportunity and Jovian orbiter Juno, are chosen to represent a typical probe in its category. Both are explained from the perspectives of its structures and crucial scientific discoveries. The comparison method is employed between the two probes as well. The results are then used for proposes on future possible probes, which the experiences gained from past missions that are organized will be valuable to consider. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of planet detections.
Observation and feature measurements of cloud and haze in exoplanet atmosphere based on transmission spectra
Authors: Lu Lewei
Published: March 2023

Clouds and hazes are important components of exoplanet atmospheres. This paper generalizes features and applications of exoplanet clouds and hazes in transmission spectra. A transmission spectrum presents a planet atmosphere’s wavelength-dependent absorption ability of host star’s radiation during transit. Effective transit radius model is often adopted to explain the wavelength-dependent absorption. In spectrum processing, the effect of stellar limb darkening and star spots should be taken into consideration. Clouds and hazes change features of planet transmission spectrums considerably, e.g., clouds reduce or eliminate absorption features on all bands observed. Since hazes (with small sizes) produce Rayleigh scattering, their reduction in absorption depth is greater in optical band than in infrared band. As transmission spectrum provides limited data about exoplanet atmospheres, emission and reflection spectrum during secondary transit should receive more observation. JWST will perform well in all forms of atmospheric spectrum observation. Advanced knowledge about clouds and hazes will benefit the confine of exoplanet atmospheres’ chemical composition, biosignatures, meteorology as well as planet evolvement model. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of exoplanets and life possibilities on them.
Comparison of Quantum and Classical Algorithm in Searching a Number in a Database Case
Authors: Wang Zhiyao
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, quantum computing is one of the hottest research fields. Many quantum algorithms are proposed in order to utilize the power of quantum computers. Grover’s searching algorithm is one of them. In this article, by comparing a classical searching algorithm and Grover’s algorithm in the problem of finding a number in a finite database, the advantages of the latter are discussed. The actual quantum circuit to solve the problem is built and run on both a simulator and a real quantum computer. According to the analysis, Grover’s algorithm provides speedup in a searching task compared to the classical algorithm. However, noises in today’s quantum devices make the result of the quantum algorithm unreliable. In searching for multiple numbers, Grover’s algorithm has its shortcomings. Nevertheless, noises in quantum computing need to be addressed in order to utilize the potential of quantum computers in solving difficult problems. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of quantum algorithms and quantum computing.