bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Đánh giá tính chất cơ học của cấp phối đá dăm gia cố xi măng có trộn thêm cốt liệu cao su ở phòng thí nghiệm và ngoài hiện trường
Authors: Phạm Ngọc Phương , Nguyễn Văn Tài , Trần Thị Thu Thảo
Published: January 2023

Cốt liệu cao su được nhận định sẽ giúp tăng khả năng kháng nứt do co ngót của vật liệu xi măng. Tuy nhiên hiện không nhiều các nghiên cứu sử dụng cốt liệu phế thải này trong lớp móng cấp phối đá dăm (CPĐD) gia cố xi măng (GCXM). Nghiên cứu này sử dụng cốt liệu cao su cỡ hạt 1÷3 mm thêm vào CPĐD Dmax25 gia cố 4% xi măng với tỉ lệ 1%, 2% và 5% khối lượng cốt liệu khô. Các loại CPĐD-cao su GCXM này được thí nghiệm đánh giá các chỉ tiêu cường độ và đặc biệt triển khai thi công thí điểm 2 loại CPĐD GCXM sử dụng 0% và 2% cao su. Kết quả cho thấy CPĐD GCXM trộn thêm 1% và 2% cao su đạt cường độ yêu cầu làm lớp móng trên. Ngoài ra, đã quan sát được 2 vết nứt rộng khoảng 1 mm xuất hiện ở ngày thứ 30 trên lớp móng GCXM không trộn thêm cốt liệu cao su trên toàn bộ bề rộng lớp móng (3,25 m), trong khi đó CPĐD GCXM thêm 2% cao su không xuất hiện vết nứt. Điều này chứng tỏ cốt liệu cao giúp CPĐD GCXM giảm co ngót và hạn chế nứt do co ngót. Nghiên cứu góp phần thúc đẩy sử dụng cốt liệu cao su được nghiền từ lốp xe phế thải trong xây dựng đường, góp phần hạn chế các vấn đề môi trường do lốp xe phế thải gây ra
A NEW PIGMENTED WAX-RESIN FORMULATION FOR INFILLING AND REINTEGRATING LOSSES IN PAINTINGS: TESTING ITS WORKABILITY IN TWO CASE STUDIES
Authors: Rocha Pires Catarina , Carlyle Leslie , Seymour Kate , França de Sá Susana
Published: January 2023

A new pigmented wax-resin formulation introduced and tested for its suitability as a material to infill and reintegrate losses in paintings. This formulation contains Cosmoloid H80 microcrystalline wax and Regalrez® 1126 hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin, in a ratio of 1.5:1 (wax:resin, parts by weight), and is mixed with dry pigments and/or inert fillers (such as chalk, kaolin, or aluminium hydroxide). After extensive research on the properties and the stability of various formulations, the most successful one was applied on two canvas paintings with very diverse characteristics: a 17th century oil painting, and a 21st century acrylic painting. In this paper, the different application methods used are described step-by-step. These consisted of using the new formulations not only solely as infilling materials (by adding inert fillers to the wax-resin mixture), but also as materials capable of infilling and reintegrating a loss in one single step (by adding pigments to the wax-resin mixture). The possibility of imprinting and carving texture, as well as of sculpting the infills to recreate brushstrokes, was also tested and verified and is described in detail here.
THE HATCHING METER AS A TOOL FOR COLLABORATIVE WORK IN THE CHROMATIC REINTEGRATION PROCESSES
Authors: Colomina Antoni , Guerola Vicente
Published: January 2023

In order to achieve a reintegration that manifests a consonance and general homogeneity in all the losses present in a pictorial surface, it is important that the adjustment of the vertical streaked lines is made in an invariable way to achieve the procedural analogy. This is relatively simple when the work is carried out by a single operator, with a particular and uniform modus operandi that is defined by the quality of its stroke. However, the procedure is more complex when the interventions require the collaborative work of several restorers, especially in large-format artworks or where the size of the losses determines this circumstance. For that purpose, it is proposed a work tool that we have named “hatching meter”, which is useful to determine the calligraphy and measurement of the lines to be used in the discernible processes of chromatic reintegration by each one of the restorers involved in the intervention. This referential measurement tool is composed of a total of sixteen cells, ordered from left to right and from top to bottom, from lowest to highest tonal value or luminosity. This gradation is achieved with the modulation of what we have called LCTD variables, referring to the various parameters with which the line is constructed and which depend on its length, contour, translucency and dispersion.
Remove, repaint or retouch: should the community decided? The case of the outdoor murals of the Riachos village, Portugal.
Authors: Chasqueira Ânia , Ferraz Ângela , Triães Ricardo
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses the conservation of murals in Riachos, Portugal. Created in 2012 and 2016 by amateur painters in the context of a religious and ethnographic festival called “Benção do Gado”, a cattle-blessing event. The condition of these murals has deteriorated due to their outdoor location, poor choice of materials used and lack of maintenance. Those murals give meaning to the village, a sense of identity and uniqueness to the local community. These are the reasons why the community should be considered in the process of preservation. This study was conducted using mixed methods, with data gathered from a community survey, interviews with stakeholders and documentation of the current state of the murals. This research argues for a close relationship between conservators and the murals’ authors and the local population. The preservation project should create a balance between current ethical and scientific conservation practices and the voices of the community from whom those cultural manifestations belong, using them as part of the conservation process.
Restoration of polychrome wood sculpture: a case study with highly weakened polychrome
Authors: Leopaci Juliana Do Amaral , Boelsums Mariah , Bredariol Fernanda
Published: January 2023

This article presents a case study of a polychrome wood carving sculpture representing Jesus Christ crucified. The piece belongs to the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Glória, located in the district of Ressaca/Carandaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was in a poor state of conservation, especially the very fragile polychrome, impairing the work. legibility. From the analysis of the state of conservation of the object, four important points were considered to support the proposed treatment: stability, reversibility, aesthetic legibility, and the potential oneness conceptualized by Cesare Brandi, which aimed at the stability of the material that would guarantee the potential oneness of the work without creating a historical and artistic falsehood. These points are directly linked to the modern techniques and resources used, as well as the intention to maintain the integrity and authenticity of the work. The entire polychrome process was of great importance to acquire its stability, due to the presence of four types of lacunae. Lastly, the chromatic reintegration, in which the pointillism technique was used, aimed to be distinguishable from the pictorial layer of the work. Therefore, this study aims to present the restoration process of a polychrome wood sculpture and, mainly, to demonstrate the importance of chromatic reintegration to insert and ensure aesthetic legibility and a potential oneness of the work.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection for Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Jokar Mohammad Hassan , Baghbani Bita , Roustai Geraylow Kiarash , Shariati Jaleh , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Mirfeizi Zahra , Hashemzadeh Kamila
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune, connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology which causes vasculopathy and fibrosis. Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a common complication of SSc, which leads to ischemia and gangrenes. Treatment of RP is a clinical problem and often remains insufficient.
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of local injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in improving the symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) secondary to scleroderma.

Material and methods

This parallel single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 29 patients with scleroderma. Participants received BTX-A in the first, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th dorsal web spaces and the base of the thumb and small finger of the non-dominant hand and 2.5 ml of sterile normal saline in the opposite hand. Pre-injection measurements and post-injection follow-up evaluations at months 1 and 4 were performed. We compared the outcomes using the paired Student’s t-test.

Results

The change in pain severity between pre-injection and month 1 follow-up was significantly
larger in the BTX-A group (p-value = 0.04). Between pre-injection and month 1 and month 4,
the changes in the Raynaud’s condition score (RCS) (p-value = 0.02, 0.004, respectively) and the number of Raynaud’s attacks (p-value = 0.006, 0.001, respectively) were significantly greater in the BTX-A group. No significant difference was found in terms of paresthesia, skin thickening, upper extremity function, ulcer diameter, number of ulcers, or Raynaud’s attack duration between the two groups (p-value > 0.05). In time, the decrease in pain severity, paresthesia, RCS, number of ulcers, and ulcer diameter, and the increase in upper extremity function were significantly greater in the BTX-A group as compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study showed that local injection of BTX-A is safe and has beneficial therapeutic effects on RP and RP-related digital ulcers in SSc patients.
Fibromyalgia syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kocyigit Burhan , Akyol Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) profoundly impacts patients’ quality of life with its symptoms and clinical signs. Fibromyalgia syndrome impairs daily living activities, reduces work efficiency and raises health-related costs. Although the prevalence rates vary depending on geographical location and diagnostic criteria, it is a common disorder worldwide. Females have a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome, with varied rates, and there is an increase in prevalence rates with age.
Although its etiopathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, various hypotheses have been proposed that central sensitization is at the core of the process. Fibromyalgia syndrome diagnostic approaches have advanced significantly over time, moving away from pain assessments alone and emphasizing multiple clinical signs of FMS. This condition has raised physicians’ and researchers’ awareness of non-pain symptoms. Considering the complicated etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome, diverse pathways connected with symptoms, and multiple clinical presentations, it becomes clear that drug and non-drug treatments should be chosen in combination.
Paraneoplastic arthritides: an up-to-date case-based systematic review
Authors: Al Khayyat Suhel Gabriele , Conticini Edoardo , Falsetti Paolo , Gentileschi Stefano , Vitale Antonio , Stella Salvatore Massimo , D'Alessandro Miriana , Bargagli Elena , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno
Published: January 2023

Among the rheumatic diseases whose symptoms are more often associated with the possibility of cancer and other malignancies are systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis and rheumatic polymyalgia. However, a differential diagnosis should be performed in each case of non-typical rheumatic disease and/or other neoplastic disease risk factors. The article’s aim was based on a literature review of this subject and presentation own a case description and discussion about arthritis as a paraneoplastic syndrome.
The conclusions of our analysis were as follows: more often paraneoplastic arthritis occurs in men, in ages higher than 50 years old, in patients who poorly respond to treatment of arthritis with polyarticular symmetrical involvement of the limbs, seronegative type of inflammatory joint disease. In this group of patients, complete remission after treatment of the primary tumor and recurrence of the symptoms in the presence of metastasis was observed.
Detection of Face Mask and Glass using Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Bharathi Kavin , M Savithadevi
Published: January 2023

The rapid spread of the coronavirus has been a major health concern for the entire world. Direct human contact is one of the key factors contributing to the virus's rapid transmission. Wearing face masks in public areas is one of the numerous precautions that may be taken to stop the spread of this infection. To reduce the chance of the virus spreading, it is important to find ways to detect face masks in public locations. An automated system for face mask detection utilizing deep learning algorithm has been presented to address these issues and effectively stop the spread of this contagious disease. The proposed method combines a face mask identification model and a glass detection model using an algorithm to assess the results using deep learning models.
Blockchain Cryptography and Security Issues
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Transaction records and other user information are stored in blocks that form a distributed ledger called blockchain. For blockchain to gain widespread adoption, it is crucial that user and transaction data be kept safe. This technology provides cryptographically safe and anonymous financial transactions among the user nodes of the network allowing the transactions to be evaluated and authorized by all the users in a transparent environment. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview and classification scheme for all cryptographic ideas currently used in blockchain. Moreover, the current security issues of blockchain are shown, and a future research objective is predicted.
Automatic Spectral Classification of Stars using Machine Learning: An Approach based on the use of Unbalanced Data
Authors: Huichaqueo Marco Oyarzo , Orrego Renato Munoz
Published: January 2023

With the increase in astronomical surveys, astronomers are faced with the challenging task of analyzing a large amount of data in order to classify observed objects into hard-to-distinguish classes. This article presents a machine learning-based method for the automatic spectral classification of stars from the latest release of the SDSS database. We propose the combinatorial use of spectral data, derived stellar data, and calculated data to create patterns. Using these patterns as inputs, we develop a Random Forest model that outputs the spectral class of the observed star. Our model is able to classify data into six complex classes: A, F, G, K, M, and Carbon stars. Due to the unbalanced nature of the data, we train our model considering three data use cases: using the original data, using under-sampling, and over-sampling data techniques. We further test our model by using a fixed dataset and a stratified dataset. From this, we analyze the performance of our model through statistical metrics. The experimental results showed that the combinatorial use of data as an input pattern contributes to improve the prediction scores in all data use cases, meanwhile, the model trained with augmented data outperforms the other cases. Our results suggest that machine learning-based spectral classification of stars may be useful for astronomers.
Asociaciones que realizan explotaciones económicas: ¿Pueden ser de utilidad pública y gozar de beneficios fiscales?
Authors: Blázquez Lidoy Alejandro
Published: January 2023

El Ministerio del Interior está revocando la utilidad pública, con informe favorable del Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda, a aquellas asociaciones que realizan actividades económicas en el mercado, bajo el argumento de que una explotación económica realizada en el mercado donde exista competencia no puede tener interés general sino privado. Y si dicha entidad gozara de los beneficios fiscales de la Ley 49/2002 podría vulnerar la competencia con las empresas mercantiles. En consecuencia, no puede tener utilidad pública ni gozar de los beneficios fiscales.
A efectos prácticos, esto supone excluir a las asociaciones que son autosuficientes y obligarles a constituirse bajo la forma de fundación, que sí pueden realizar explotaciones económicas. El objeto de este estudio es analizar los argumentos del Ministerio del Interior para revocar la utilidad pública, entendiendo el autor que la interpretación mantenida por el mismo no es correcta.
Primer análisis de las medidas contra el fraude fiscal contenidas en la Ley 7/2012, de 29 de octubre
Authors: López Lubián Juan Ignacio
Published: January 2023

Hoy en día, en una situación de crisis económica global, el aumento de las bases impositivas declaradas consecuencia de una eficaz lucha contra el fraude fiscal se ha convertido en una pieza clave para que los Estados obtengan unos recursos públicos suficientes que permitan financiar un nivel de gasto público que, aunque con los necesarios replanteamientos, ajustes y recortes, pueda servir de estímulo a la economía y garantizar un mínimo de bienestar social.
En España, tras un proceso de regularización fiscal que ha intentado aflorar bienes, derechos y rentas hasta ahora ocultas a la Hacienda Pública, se ha puesto en marcha una reforma en la normativa tributaria dirigida a intensificar las actuaciones en la prevención y lucha contra el fraude fiscal y cuya primera norma ha sido la aprobación de la Ley 7/2012, de 29 de octubre.
Este documento realiza un primer análisis de la norma citada distinguiendo hasta 27 medidas diferentes que refuerzan la lucha contra el fraude fiscal y que comprenden todos los ámbitos de actuación: recaudatorio, técnico-normativo, sancionador o directamente disuasorio.
El bitcoin y su tributación
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Carlos
Published: January 2023

El objeto del presente trabajo es efectuar un análisis del tratamiento fiscal del bitcoin así como de las eventuales consecuencias que para la fiscalidad puede tener la irrupción de dicha moneda virtual.
En efecto, en los últimos meses, tanto los medios de comunicación generalistas como la prensa especializada se han venido llenando de noticias relativas al bitcoin, lo que da una idea de la relevancia que dicho instrumento está adquiriendo en la economía mundial. En este sentido, el ámbito tributario no ha sido ajeno a dicho fenómeno, generando la introducción del bitcoin en los mercados la necesidad de reflexionar sobre el tratamiento fiscal de esta moneda virtual.
Así, el presente trabajo analizará la naturaleza jurídico-tributaria del bitcoin y su encaje en el sistema tributario español desde el estricto punto de vista del Derecho positivo actual, intentado abordar la cuestión con rigor y seriedad, obviando las valoraciones tanto subjetivas como objetivas que pueda merecer dicho instrumento.
Una aproximación al concepto de «planificación fiscal agresiva» utilizado en los trabajos de la OCDE
Authors: Calderón Carrero José Manuel , Quintas Seara Alberto
Published: January 2023

En los últimos años, la necesidad de prevenir y combatir las prácticas de planificación fiscal agresiva ha ocupado un papel central en la agenda de las principales organizaciones e instituciones supranacionales (OCDE, UE, G20, ONU), así como de las Administraciones tributarias de los distintos países. En este contexto, y ante las limitaciones y problemas que resultan del modelo tradicional de control del cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias, la OCDE lleva años elaborando e impulsando la puesta en práctica de un modelo complementario de cumplimiento tributario cooperativo que constituiría igualmente un instrumento dirigido a mejorar los niveles de cumplimiento voluntario y prevenir el fraude, la elusión fiscal y la planificación fiscal agresiva. Este trabajo se encuadra en una temática más amplia relacionada con las nuevas tendencias internacionales en materia de buena gobernanza fiscal, pero aborda de forma específica el difuso concepto de planificación fiscal agresiva en el marco de los programas que tratan de aplicar el modelo de cumplimiento cooperativo; el análisis del concepto de planificación fiscal agresiva conduce a una reflexión preliminar sobre cómo el cambio de paradigma fiscal que está teniendo lugar afecta al umbral de planificación fiscal legítima y a la delgada línea roja que lo separa de la elusión fiscal, sin que tal redefinición de fronteras se haya realizado de forma transparente, consistente y uniforme a nivel global, lo cual plantea un buen número de cuestiones y problemas para los obligados tributarios.
Panorama fiscal Post-BEPS: una apuesta por la superación de los retos en la ejecución
Authors: Patón García Gemma
Published: January 2023

El estudio tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer unas reflexiones fundamentadas tras la fase de elaboración de los informes de cada una de las acciones contempladas en el Plan BEPS con una perspectiva mundial y comprehensiva de los puntos de vista tanto de los países en desarrollo como de los países industrializados que condicionan la toma de decisiones legislativas y la puesta en práctica de las medidas por las Administraciones tributarias nacionales. Al respecto, las acciones de la Unión Europea están en pleno desarrollo tras la presentación del Plan de acción en 2016 de las que nos ocupamos. Asimismo, ofrecemos las consideraciones que el debate sobre la implementación del Plan BEPS está generando en el área LAC.
Una síntesis de algunos modelos de tributación de los beneficios empresariales: realidades y propuestas
Authors: Cruz Padial Ignacio
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo pretendemos analizar algunos modelos para la configuración de la base imponible en el impuesto sobre sociedades.
Así, en primer lugar, se realiza una breve descripción del modelo tradicional, basado en el resultado del ejercicio, para centrarnos en el modelo que a día de hoy es una propuesta que se pretende relanzar por parte de la Unión Europea, como es el modelo de base imponible consolidada (BICCIS), y seguidamente en el modelo real basado en el resultado de explotación, ya que este es el que está en una mayor sintonía con el plan de acción erosión de bases y traslado de beneficios (BEPS).
Finalmente se plantea una base imponible como refundición de los modelos base imponible consolidada y resultado de explotación.
Regulación frente a reputación como medio de salvaguardar la independencia de la auditoría
Authors: Ruiz Barbadillo Emiliano
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 2016 en la modalidad de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas.
La existencia de determinados fraudes informativos cometidos por las empresas pone de manifiesto que la exigencia legal del auditor de actuar de forma independiente puede ser cuestionada en algunas ocasiones. Ello se debe a que durante el proceso de auditoría pueden darse situaciones que crean amenazas para que el auditor actúe con el nivel de independencia requerido legalmente y deseable socialmente. Entre las situaciones que pueden tener un mayor efecto negativo en la independencia del auditor y que mayor preocupación han generado entre los organismos reguladores se ha resaltado el «riesgo de dependencia económica», es decir, las amenazas sobre la independencia que provienen de las rentas que los auditores obtienen de sus clientes. Ante la existencia de este riesgo se ha propuesto un modelo de regulación en el que se pretende fundamentalmente reducir las rentas económicas que los auditores obtienen. No obstante, estas normas no han recibido el apoyo unánime de la doctrina cuestionándose por un lado su eficiencia, es decir, la posibilidad de que generen más costes que beneficios, y por otro lado su necesidad cuando el mercado ya genera suficientes incentivos a los auditores para ser independientes. En este sentido, los objetivos de este estudio son proveer evidencia empírica para el caso español de ambas críticas sobre la regulación de la independencia.
Strategi Diferensiasi untuk Menciptakan Keunggulan Kompetitif pada UMKM Catering Pawon Gusti Desa Surondakan Kecamatan Trenggalek Kabupaten Trenggalek
Authors: Nikmah Maulidatun , Siswahyudianto Siswahyudianto
Published: January 2023

Kuatnya persaingan bisnis yang terjadi pada berbagai macam bidang termasuk bidang jasa boga/catering sehingga perlunya suatu usaha untuk menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif dengan menerapkan strategi diferensiasi agar perusahaan memiliki identitas atau ciri khas produk yang dihasilkan. Di Wilayah Kabupaten Trenggalek persaingan bisnis jasa boga/catering begitu ketat sehingga UMKM Catering Pawon Gusti dituntut menerapkan strategi diferensiasi agar memiliki keunggulan dalam bersaing. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut penulis sangat tertarik menelaah lebih luas lagi mengenai strategi diferensiasi untuk menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif pada UMKM Catering Pawon Gusti Desa Surondakan Kecamatan Trenggalek Kabupaten Trenggalek dengan tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui suasana persaingan bisnis jasa boga/catering di Desa Surondakan Kecamatan Trenggalek Kabupaten Trenggalek dalam perspektif bisnis syariah dan untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi diferensiasi untuk menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif pada UMKM Catering Pawon Gusti.  Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah suasana persaingan usaha jasa boga atau catering di Desa Surondakan Kecamatan Trenggalek Kabupaten Trenggalek cukup ketat atau ramai. Persaingan usaha dilakukan sudah sesuai dengan ajaran Islam yakni bersaing secara sehat dan tidak merugikan pihak lain. UMKM Catering Pawon Gusti menerapkan strategi diferensiasi produk, kualitas pelayanan, personalia, saluran distribusi, dan citra untuk menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif.

Kata Kunci: Strategi Diferensiasi, Keunggulan Kompetitif, Persaingan Usaha, Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah.
Detection of Anomalies in Traffic Flows with Large Amounts of Missing Data
Authors: He Qing , Harrison Charles W. , Huang Hsin-Hsiung
Published: January 2023

Anomaly detection plays an important role in traffic operations and control. Missingness in spatial-temporal datasets prohibits anomaly detection algorithms from learning characteristic rules and patterns due to the lack of large amounts of data. This paper proposes an anomaly detection scheme for the 2021 Algorithms for Threat Detection (ATD) challenge based on Gaussian process models that generate features used in a logistic regression model which leads to high prediction accuracy for sparse traffic flow data with a large proportion of missingness. The dataset is provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in conjunction with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and it consists of thousands of labeled traffic flow records for 400 sensors from 2011 to 2020. Each sensor is purposely downsampled by NSF and NGA in order to simulate missing completely at random, and the missing rates are 99%, 98%, 95%, and 90%. Hence, it is challenging to detect anomalies from the sparse traffic flow data. The proposed scheme makes use of traffic patterns at different times of day and on different days of week to recover the complete data. The proposed anomaly detection scheme is computationally efficient by allowing parallel computation on different sensors. The proposed method is one of the two top performing algorithms in the 2021 ATD challenge.
Equity in Global Neurosurgery Publications: Breaking Down Barriers in Discourse
Authors: Vaughan Kerry , Rutka James T
Published: January 2023

As neurosurgery steps into a new era of global collaboration in clinical care and teaching, neurosurgeons' academic opportuni ties inlower resource countries lag their counterparts in higher-income countries (1). Recent efforts to quantify and bring attention to the gapin surgical care globally with the Lancet Commission have trickled into neurosurgery, demonstrating the challenges in low res ourceclinical settings and their lack of representation in the literature (2). Our focus is often and most readily drawn to these disparities incare – but that is only part of the healthcare divide. The inequities that exist in neurosurgery extend beyond the operating room andinto academia. We are confident that this inaugural issue of the Journal of Global Neurosurgery represents a meaningful step towardsimproving access to academia's traditionally rarefied world for all interested neurosurgery providers.Halting the perpetuation of this historical "north-south gap" requires a conscious effort in our community to equalize opportunities. In2020 alone, over 80 new publications were indexed on PubMed with the keyword "global neurosurgery" – twice as many as 2018 and2019. Even with a steadily increasing interest in this domain, most reports in global neurosurgery – both in terms of impact andquantity – originate from high-income countries (3). Young neurosurgeons in low- and middle-income countries have universallypointed to a lack of research opportunities as the most common personal challenge to their practices, in addition to limited access tomentors, journals, and textbooks (1). There is a growing audience for global neurosurgical literature and a documented interest amongyoung neurosurgeons for science access.
Global Neurosurgery: the role of WFNS Foundation
Authors: Arraez Miguel A
Published: January 2023

The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) is the largest neurosurgical organization gathering more than 49.000neurosurgeons belonging to almost all existing neurosurgical societies worldwide, created in 1955 to promote neurosurgerycamaraderie among neurosurgeons. In 90's beginnings, the visionary leadership of professor "Pepe" Martin-Rodriguez and professorMadjidSamii made possible the creation of the WFNS Foundation; its mission can be defined as an improvement of neurosurgical carein developing countries (education, training and, intraoperative neurosurgical technology), with the vision to become the wor ldwideleader neurosurgical organization in the promotion of education and neurosurgical care in that c ountries. It is essential to mention thename of Professor Armando Basso, who exemplarily created the modern and current Foundation structure that nowadays is helpingthousands of patients and neurosurgeons.
Folic acid deficiency and neural tube defects: the awareness dilemma
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Almahmoud Lina
Published: January 2023

One of the most common vitamin deficiencies among childbearing-aged women is folic acid deficiency. Folic acid deficiency is a leading cause of neural tube defects (NTDs) such as anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, which represents a major cause of serious disabilities and mortality among the infant population. Several studies showed that up to 50% of NTDs cases can be prevented by using folic acid containing supplement. Hence, planned pregnancy and awareness of mother toward this preventable method, plays a crucial role in decreasing NTDs burden. In this mini-review, we explore the prevalence and awareness of folic acid supplementation among childbearing women in different countries around the world, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs), as well as, reveal the importance of food fortification with folic acid on NTDs burden. The overall awareness about the role of folic acid supplements in prevention of NTDs is low globally, especially in LMICs. Furthermore, compliance of folic acid supplements among childbearing-aged women during periconceptional period is also low. In summary, the findings indicate the importance of improving the awareness level of the importance of folic acid supplementation among women of childbearing age globally, especially in LMICs. It is suggested to promote the advantage of taking folic acid during the ideal time to reduce incidents of NTDs through proper education provided to women by health-care providers. Moreover, LMICs may have food fortification programs, nevertheless, the desirable effects have not achieved due to several limitations. Accordingly, improvement of these programs are required to decrease this dilemma and then to decrease NTDs burden globally, especially in LMICs.
Role of Marketing Strategies to Generation Z in Emerging Markets
Authors: Raza Mohsin , uz Zaman Sohaib , Qabool Sahar , Hasnain Alam Syed , ur-Rehman Shafiq
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research is to examine the marketing strategies to Generation Z, social media cognitive engagement, social media influencer, perceived corporate social responsibility and user-generated media communication and hedonic brand image as moderator on generation Gen Z purchase intention, and examining these effects in Covid’19 pandemic recession phase in Pakistan. Research was completed on Generation Z respondents, using an online survey questionnaire were evaluated using through factor analysis, model fit, SEM via Smart PLS 4. Empirical results via structural equation modeling demonstrate that the impact of the four constructs played a partially significant role on Gen Z purchase intention. Gen Z has strong bonding with social media engagement and aware of CSR activities of an organization and confirmed their behavior toward e-shopping. Brand equity and Citizen Behavior are could be examined as a dependent variable but we didn’t due to lack of literature. Social media cognitive engagement and perceived corporate social responsibility has strong relation with generation Z purchase intention which indicates generation Z is engage with social media and CSR activities. Online business operators and trend setter can identify and promote their business on social media sites. Through this study marketers and professionals can also formulate strategies to increase promote their business. The empirical results provide academic contributions to the current group of knowledge in the marketing to capture Gen Z. Using advanced quantitative data analysis will eventually enable future researchers to explain the contribution of the current study to understanding the importance of Generation Z psychology.
Carbon dynamics after five decades of different crop residue management in temperate climate
Authors: Piccoli Ilaria , Sartori Felice , Polese Riccardo , Berti Antonio
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils is nowadays receiving growing attention also due to the COP21 initiative of “4 per 1000”. In this study, the effect of five decades of different residue management (residue removal, residue incorporation, and residue incorporation + poultry manure) was investigated on SOC stock and related to the 4 per 1000 and C saturation concepts. Preliminary results showed that higher 0–60 cm SOC stock was found after 54 years of the experiment when residues were incorporated into the soil compared to residue removal (75.0 vs 69.0 t ha−1) while poultry manure had a negligible effect. Comparing the 0–30 cm SOC stock with pre-existent data series, a general decreasing trend was observed from the start of the experiment in 1966 up to 1986, being greater in residual removal (−8.6 t ha−1) than residual incorporation (−4.8 t ha−1, irrespective of poultry manure addition). In 2020, the difference between the above-mentioned systems was 4.1 t ha−1 corresponding to a 2.2 ‰ which is lower than what was suggested by the 4 per 1000 initiative. This SOC stock attributed to residue retention arose in response to 141 t C ha−1 residue resulting in a 0.1 % yearly conversion rate that is sensibly lower than what is generally reported in the literature. Therefore, an alternative use (e.g., bioenergy production) of at least part of crop residues is conceivable in temperate climate for a more efficient C cycle. The studied soil was demonstrated also to be far from C saturation, being in the 30−47 % degree of saturation range. Therefore, specific studies on how both organic and inorganic (i.e., carbonates) C fractions related to different soil aggregates and aggregate mineralization are namely requested.
On the importance of multiphase photolysis of organic nitrates on their global atmospheric removal
Authors: González-Sánchez Juan Miguel , Brun Nicolas , Wu Junteng , Ravier Sylvain , Clément Jean-Louis , Monod Anne
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Organic nitrates (RONO2) are secondary compounds, and their fate is related to the transport and removal of NOx in the atmosphere. While previous research studies have focused on the reactivity of these molecules in the gas phase, their reactivity in condensed phases remains poorly explored despite their ubiquitous presence in submicron aerosol. This work investigated for the first time the aqueous-phase photolysis rate constants and quantum yields of four RONO2 (isopropyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, α-nitrooxyacetone, and 1-nitrooxy-2-propanol). Our results showed much lower photolysis rate constants for these RONO2 in the aqueous phase than in the gas phase. From alkyl nitrates to polyfunctional RONO2, no significant increase of their aqueous-phase photolysis rate constants was observed, even for RONO2 with conjugated carbonyl groups, in contrast with the corresponding gas-phase photolysis reactions. Using these new results, extrapolated to other alkyl and polyfunctional RONO2, as well as other atmospheric sinks (hydrolysis, gas phase photolysis, aqueous and gas phase ·OH oxidation, dry and wet deposition) multiphase atmospheric lifetimes were calculated for 45 atmospherically relevant RONO2 along with the relative importance of each sink. Their lifetimes range from a few minutes to several hours depending on the RONO2 chemical structure and its water solubility. In general, multiphase atmospheric lifetimes are lengthened when RONO2 partition to the aqueous phase, especially for conjugated carbonyl nitrates for which lifetimes can increase up to 100 %. Furthermore, our results show that aqueous-phase ·OH oxidation is a major sink for water-soluble RONO2 (KH > 105 M atm–1) ranging from 50 to 70 % of their total sink at high LWC (0.35 g m–3). These results highlight the importance of investigating the aqueous-phase RONO2 reactivity to understand how it affects their ability to transport air pollution.
Dataset of Depth/Temperature profiles obtained in the period 2012–2020 using commercial fishing vessels of the AdriFOOS fleet in the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Penna Pierluigi , Domenichetti Filippo , Belardinelli Andrea , Martinelli Michela
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This document describes the dataset of depth (pressure)/temperature profiles collected by means of the AdriFOOS infrastructure in the period 2012–2020 and briefly illustrates the structure of this facility, the oceanographic dataset validation procedures, some of the results achieved, and also lists some possible operational applications. In fact, in the last decade, CNR IRBIM's AdriFOOS has collected an enormous amount of georeferenced oceanographic and catch data through the use of commercial fishing vessels operating in the Adriatic Sea. This information is of the utmost importance to provide data to feed oceanographic models and advance knowledge on climate change, as well as to improve the ecosystem approach to fisheries management.
Measurements and modeling of water levels, currents, density and wave climate on a semi-enclosed tidal bay: Cádiz (SW Spain)
Authors: Zarzuelo Carmen , López-Ruiz Alejandro , Bermúdez María , Ortega-Sánchez Miguel
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Estuarine dynamics are highly complex as a result of the temperature and salinity gradients, as well as the multiple interactions between atmospheric, maritime and hydrological forcing agents. Given the environmental and socioeconomic importance of estuaries and their current and future threats due to human interventions and climate change, it is of vital importance to characterize these dynamics, monitor their evolution and quantify the expected impacts derived from climate change. This paper presents a hybrid database combining data obtained in six field surveys (in 2012, 2013 and 2015) and results from a physically-based 3D numerical model for the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain), a highly anthropized mesotidal estuary. The 3D dataset includes water levels, currents, density and wave climate, allowing for an analysis of bay dynamics at different time scales ranging from intratidal processes to seasonal variabilities. The results offer an example of the potential uses of the dataset and include (1) an assessment of the spatial and seasonal variability of the estuarine dynamics and (2) an analysis of the effects of severe weather events. These examples provide convincing evidence regarding how the dataset can be employed in multiple research fields and applications, including ocean-bay interactions, water exchange between basins, long- and short-wave propagation along creek systems and energy extraction of tidal waves. Therefore, this hybrid dataset may be of significant interest for stakeholders and scientists from different sectors (water engineering, ecology, urban development, energy, etc.) working on the environmental management of the Gulf of Cádiz and other tidally-dominated shallow bays. It can also serve as a benchmark test for numerical hydrodynamic models, infrastructure intervention assessments (e.g., dikes or breakwaters) or renewable energy conversion system models.
The Upper Westphalian lycophyte floras of the Dobrudhza Coalfield (Bulgaria) and a comparison with those of southern Britain and Cape Breton (Canada)
Authors: Thomas Barry , Tenchov Yanaki
Published: January 2023

A summary of the lycophytes species of the Dobrudzha Coalfield is given together with their stratigraphic ranges from the Bolsovian to the upper Westphalian D. Comparisons are made with the Westphalian D species of Southern Britain (South Wales and the Bristol and Somerset Coalfield) and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada. The closest similarity is between those of the Dobrudzha and Southern Britain coalfields.
IGCP 469 - Late Westphalian terrestrial biotas and environments of the Variscan Foreland and adjacent intramontane basins
Authors: Cleal Christopher
Published: January 2023

This five-year project is to investigate the palaeoecological changes in Europe and North America that resulted from the Variscan Orogeny (late Westphalian-early Stephanian). In particular, we will be looking at the pattern of disruption to the lowland palaeotropical swamp habitats and the development of intramontane basins within the adjoining Variscan Mountains. The project will integrate data from the sedimentological and fossil record. Evidence of sedimentological changes that took place in the different basins will be collated and compared, especially those changes that affected drainage patterns and water-table levels. An integrated palaeofloristic database is to be developed for each of the main late Westphalian and earliest Stephanian coal basins in the study area, and investigated by multivariate statistical analysis. Palynology will be used to investigate overall changes in the palaeotropical vegetation. Terrestrial faunas of this age are on the whole limited, but where available we will integrate palaeozoological data, especially from insects, arachnids and vertebrates (including tracks). The resulting synthesis will provide the most complete environmental picture to date of these Variscan-affected habitats, and will have important consequences for our understanding of the evolution of the Variscan Orogeny.
Pennsylvanian upland vegetation and its implications for the demise of the peat-forming tropical biome
Authors: Falcon-Lang Howard
Published: January 2023

Gymnosperm-dominated vegetation replaced pteridophytic, peat-forming lowland rainforests across tropical Euramerica in Late Pennsylvanian times. Some of the gymnosperm elements appear to have evolved in upland environments and expanded down into the lowlands in response to continental-scale changes in edaphic conditions. This paper reviews the cryptic evidence for the composition of Pennsylvanian upland vegetation. Specifically, three datasets are critically analyzed: plant assemblages associated with marine maximum flooding surfaces, plant assemblages hosted in fluvial channels adjacent to basin margins, and the plant assemblages of elevated, intermontane basins. These data show that while peat-forming, pteridophytic ecosystems occupied localized, intermontane basins at altitudes of up to a few hundred metres above sea-level, most higher elevation upland zones were dominated by diverse gymnosperm forests containing conifers, cordaites, and pteridosperms. The principal hypotheses that explain the expansion of these latter gymnospermdominated ecosystems into lowland terrains in Late Pennsylvanian times are discussed in light of these data.
ROLE OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN TEACHING: A CASE STUDY OF KARACHI
Authors: Dr. Kinza Farooq Prof. Dr. Nasreen Aslam Shah, Dr. Samina Rauf,
Published: January 2023

Social work is a professional service which based upon knowledge and skills in individuals in society. The social work education is basically compulsory for every person in a society. This study explore the social work education and their importance in Pakistani society. It is significant to consider some of the difficulties that need to be addressed, as well as the path whither a competent social work education might be formed. This research highlights the historical progress of social work education in Pakistan. Moreover, overall research discuss about job satisfaction, job scale, job occupation of a professional social workers, how many social workers want to provide social education to their children, they can easily get job and value of school social work in Pakistan. The present research was descriptive in nature, researcher’s selected quantitative method for data collection. The multiple sampling techniques that were simple random and snowball used for this research. It was found that lack of knowledge and resources regarding social work education are present and it is important for every person because it helps to resolve social issues and it is the basis of development and happiness of the individuals and the society.
THE IMPACT OF THE INDIAN LOBBY ON THE UNITED STATES' PAKISTANI POLICY
Authors: Dr. Masroor Khanam
Published: January 2023

The practise of lobbying is crucial to contemporary diplomacy. It is not only utilised by nations with national interests; it is also a tactic used by foreign governments to achieve specific a set of strategic goals. Even though diplomatic lobbying is a thoroughly studied phenomenon, discussions of US foreign policy are infrequent. Israeli lobbies have traditionally lobbied for American policies that support Israel to be taken into consideration. India has recently learned that using lobbying to influence policy in the US is a powerful diplomatic tactic, which it has applied to. Pakistan. Indian lobbyists have misrepresented Pakistan, portraying it as insolvent, home to terrorists, and a regional nuisance. This article investigates the role played by Indian lobbyists in the US and their impact on Pakistan throughout the Obama and Trump administrations.
THE CAUSES OF POVERTY AND INFANT MORTALITY IN THE DISTRICT KECH, TURBAT, BALOCHISTAN
Authors: ,Parvez Ahmed Shaikh Gul Nisa, Atiq ur Rehman
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the theoretical and empirical relationship among the income, poverty and infant mortality differences in district Kech, Turbat Balochistan. The study analyses the relative influence of a number of biological, social, and economic factors on the risk of infant mortality on the basis of national data collected since 2000 to 2016 in the concerned departments. The analytical methods used on multidimensional contingency tables offer an assessment of the relative risks of infant deaths in various sub-populations, with the documented combination of the birth and death data, with the coefficient estimates of these models being used. The Hospital care during the neonatal period, however, seems to reduce this increased risk for some high-risk infants. The continued poverty and unequal access to health care for expectant mothers and young moms in Turbat city and its environs show that these disparities have persisted into the present. To reduce these disparities, it is advised to increase access to and support for family health services through income subsidies and employment programming.