bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep‐UV Lithography of Nanocomposite Thin Films into Magnetooptical Gratings with Submicron Periodicity
Authors: Bidaud Clémentine , Gamet Emilie , Jamon Damien , Vidal Loïc , Neveu Sophie , Soppera Olivier , Royer François , Berling Dominique
Published: July 2020

Incompatibility of conventional magneto‐optical (MO) materials with photonic‐system fabrication processes constitutes a major technological roadblock limiting their integration into photonic devices, especially for micro‐ or nano‐patterned films. This paper proposes a photolithography approach toward MO micro‐ and nano‐patterns, based on hybrid photosensitive matrices doped with magnetic nanoparticles to concentrations as high as 20 % vol. The as‐prepared and characterized nanocomposite thin films exhibit excellent MO properties: a high Faraday rotation (3300°/cm), comparable with the best existing materials that nevertheless require much more involved processes. The photosensitive matrices allow patterned gratings with a wide range of periods (100 μm to 500 nm), using a simple procedure at room temperature. The fabricated gratings exhibit well‐defined regular structures and resolutions suitable for optical applications, including those at telecommunications wavelengths. Finally, direct applications of the proposed material and its associated process are demonstrated on two examples: 1) a magneto‐optical grating in free‐space and 2) in combination with a waveguide. The obtained optical and MO results are consistent with simulations.
Network communication monitoring system of distributed PV power generation system
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Yuan Shun , Li Chunlai
Published: July 2020

Energy is the cornerstone of the existence and development of modern society. The energy consumption continues to increase, and the ensuing environmental pollution and increasing lack of traditional energy sources have also become the world's most concerned issues. The emergence of new energy has eased the current unfavorable situation. Among them, distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation has been favored because of its abundant resources and no geographical restrictions. However, due to the scattered construction of solar PV power stations, it is not easy to manage. Therefore, research and development of PV remote monitoring systems for unified monitoring and management of PV power stations. In addition, the problem of solar cell output efficiency is also an important reason that restricts the utilization of solar energy. Improving the output efficiency of the battery based on the existing solar cell conversion efficiency is also a focus of current research. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is the network communication monitoring system for distributed PV power generation systems. This article first conducts the overall design of the PV remote monitoring system, constructs the system's distributed design structure, and divides the underlying hardware part of the system into control modules and transmission. According to the application requirements, the STM32 series single‐chip microcomputer is selected as the controller of the system control module and the transmission module. The hardware circuit design and software process implementation of the system are studied to realize the data collection, MPPT control, and remote data transmission of the photovoltaic system. Features: Finally, through experimental simulation, it was verified that the light intensity increased from 600 to 800 W/m2, and the output current of the inverter increased accordingly. The output current of the distributed PV power generation system was directly proportional to the change of the light intensity. The designed system is feasible.
Security aware hybrid precoding based peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction Approaches for telecommunication systems
Authors: Sarkar Mrinmoy , Kumar Asok , Maji Bansibadan
Published: July 2020

In wireless telecommunication, one of the modulation approaches used is the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Moreover, the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) is the one notorious demerit in OFDM systems. Hence, the high power amplifier (HPA) is used in its linear region. Otherwise, the bit error rate (BER) will be increased. Several approaches are proposed in the wireless communications for reducing the PAPR issue. In this paper, we propose a hybrid Discrete Hartley Matrix Transform (DHMT) precoding using both selected mapping (SLM) and partial transmit sequence (PTS) PAPR reduction strategies. For the multicarrier modulation process, instead of Inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation, the DHMT operation is used because of its low computational complexity. Based on multi‐chaotic, the time‐frequency domain encryption (TFDE) approach is adopted for physical layer security to confirm the security in data transmission. For enhancing the physical layer security, the proposed encryption system generates chaotic sequences based on Logistic maps and Lozi in the frequency and time domains together. In this study, the implementation of the DHMT‐based OFDM system is processed to reduce the maximum PAPR. Implementation is performed on the MATLAB platform, and the performances are calculated using complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), BER regards to signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and the outputs are compared based on the computation time. However, compared with the existing models, the proposed model produced better PAPR minimization regarding SNR.
The conservation status and population decline of the African penguin deconstructed in space and time
Authors: Sherley Richard B. , Crawford Robert J. M. , de Blocq Andrew D. , Dyer Bruce M. , Geldenhuys Deon , Hagen Christina , Kemper Jessica , Makhado Azwianewi B. , Pichegru Lorien , Tom Desmond , Upfold Leshia , Visagie Johan , Waller Lauren J. , Winker Henning
Published: July 2020

Understanding changes in abundance is crucial for conservation, but population growth rates often vary over space and time. We use 40 years of count data (1979–2019) and Bayesian state‐space models to assess the African penguin Spheniscus demersus population under IUCN Red List Criterion A. We deconstruct the overall decline in time and space to identify where urgent conservation action is needed. The global African penguin population met the threshold for Endangered with a high probability (97%), having declined by almost 65% since 1989. An historical low of ~17,700 pairs bred in 2019. Annual changes were faster in the South African population (−4.2%, highest posterior density interval, HPDI: −7.8 to −0.6%) than the Namibian one (−0.3%, HPDI: −3.3 to +2.6%), and since 1999 were almost −10% at South African colonies north of Cape Town. Over the 40‐year period, the Eastern Cape colonies went from holding ~25% of the total penguin population to ~40% as numbers decreased more rapidly elsewhere. These changes coincided with an altered abundance and availability of the main prey of African penguins. Our results underline the dynamic nature of population declines in space as well as time and highlight which penguin colonies require urgent conservation attention.
Encapsulated Amino‐Acid‐Based Ionic Liquids for CO2 Capture
Authors: Silva Liliana P. , Moya Cristian , Sousa Marco , Santiago Ruben , Sintra Tania E. , Carreira Ana R. F. , Palomar José , Coutinho João A. P. , Carvalho Pedro J.
Published: July 2020

Ionic liquids have gathered special attention due to their potential for carbon dioxide capture, and their potential as solvents for mitigation of climate change. Following the scope of previous works, amino‐acid‐based ionic liquids encapsulated (ENILs) into carbonaceous submicrocapsules are here proposed as a novel material for CO2 capture. The ENILs prepared using tetrabutylphosphonium acetate ([P4,4,4,4][Ac]), used as reference, (2‐hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium l‐phenylalaninate ([N1,1,1,2(OH)][L‐Phe]), (2‐hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium l‐prolinate ([N1,1,1,2(OH)][L‐Pro]), and tetrabutylammonium l‐prolinate ([N4,4,4,4][L‐Pro]) were characterized by SEM, TEM, elemental analysis, TGA, and BET to assess their morphology, chemical composition, porous structure, and thermal stability. The absorption of CO2 on these materials was studied up to 0.5 MPa and 343 K. The desorption of CO2 from the saturated ENILs was evaluated, under mild conditions, evidencing these materials as promising agents for CO2 capture from post‐combustion sources, with high sorption capacity and fast and complete regeneration.
Bimetallic Europium and Terbium Complexes Containing Substituted Terpyridines and the NSAID Drug Tolfenamic Acid: Structural Differences, Luminescence Properties, and Theranostic Applications
Authors: Dasari Srikanth , Maparu Auhin Kumar , Abbas Zafar , Kumar Priyaranjan , Birla Hariom , Sivakumar Sri , Patra Ashis K.
Published: July 2020

A series of bioactive homobimetallic Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes containing terpyridine derivatives (XTPY) and tolfenamic acid, as a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID), were synthesized as cellular imaging and photocytotoxic agents. The Ln2‐dimers were interestingly showing varying solid‐state structures during the process of crystallization originated from (i) multiple coordination modes of the carboxylate group in tolfenamic acids, (ii) exchange reactions with coordinating triflate (CF3SO3–) counter anions, (iii) in situ generated hydroxyls (OH–) from basic solution and, more importantly, (iv) the non‐directionality and ionic bonding nature of lanthanide complexes. The proposed species identified in solution from the isolated complexes were broadly represented as [Ln2(XTPY)2(TFA)6] (1–6): [Eu2(TOTPY)2(TFA)6] (1), [Tb2(TOTPY)2(TFA)6] (2), [Eu2(FTPY)2(TFA)6] (3), [Tb2(FTPY)2(TFA)6] (4), [Eu2(TTPY)2(TFA)6] (5), and [Tb2(TTPY)2(TFA)6] (6), where TOTPY = 4'‐(p‐tolyl)‐2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine, FTPY = 4'‐(2‐Furanyl)‐2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine, TTPY = 4'‐(2‐Thienyl)‐2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine and TFA = tolfenamic acid. Various physicochemical and spectroscopic methods were applied to understand their structures, speciation, and optical properties. The crystal structure analysis of the complexes shows that complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural as [Ln2(TOTPY)2(TFA)4(CF3SO3)2], while 3 and 4 are isostructural as [Ln2(FTPY)2(TFA)4(µ2‐OH)](CF3SO3), and complex 5 crystallizes as [Eu2(STPY)2(TFA)6(H2O)2]. Their solid‐state structures display eight‐coordinated {LnN3O5} distorted square antiprismatic or nine‐coordinated {LnN3O6} distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic (TTP) geometry around each Ln(III) ion. The interactions of dimeric complexes with biological targets (DNA, BSA) were tested. The complexes exhibit good binding affinity to DNA (Kb ca. 105 m–1) and BSA (KBSA ca. 106 m–1) via possible partial intercalation or groove binding with XTPY/TFA ligands. Eu(III) and Tb(III) luminescence in these complexes are effectively sensitized through the reinforced dual sensitizing ligands (XTPY and TFA). The confocal fluorescence imaging studies of these probes in the HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines were tested using the intrinsic red and green emission originates from Eu(ΙΙΙ) and Tb(ΙΙΙ). Fluorescence imaging studies displayed their sufficient uptake and distribution in the cytosol and nuclei. The complexes showed significant photocytotoxicity under 365 nm UV‐A light.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of N‐Acyloxazolidinones via Selective Cleavage of C–N Bonds
Authors: Jian Junsheng , He Zhanyu , Zhang Yuqi , Liu Tingting , Liu Lizhen , Wang Zijia , Wang Hui , Wang Sanyong , Zeng Zhuo
Published: July 2020

By implementing a palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction of N‐acyloxazolidinones with arylboronic acid, we herein report on the preparation of substituted diaryl ketones via selective cleavage of exocyclic C–N Bonds. The reaction was carried out under mild reaction conditions with excellent functional group compatibility in good yields (up to 93 %).
An Improved Biomimetic Formal Synthesis of Abyssomicin C and atrop‐Abyssomicin C
Authors: Vidali Veroniki P. , Canko Aleksander , Peroulias Angelos D. , Georgas Evangelos T. , Bouzas Emmanuel , Herniman Julie M. , Couladouros Elias A.
Published: July 2020

Biomimetic approaches towards the synthesis of abysssomicin C and atrop‐abyssomicin C are based on a powerful intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction (IMDA) of a butenolide derivative attached to a keto‐triene side chain, where the stereogenic centers and the carbon framework are established in one step. The synthesis of the IMDA precursor is based on an ionic coupling of methyl γ‐methylene‐β‐tetronate with various aldehydes. However, the low yields of the coupling and the high sensitivity of the precursor hampered the efficiency of the developed routes and should be met. In the present work, a modified aldehyde is coupled with methyl γ‐methylene‐β‐tetronate, in a substantially higher yield. Asymmetric synthesis of this aldehyde is based on the use of the widely available and cheap Amano lipase AK. In addition, the development of a highly convenient one‐pot oxidation‐IMDA reaction protocol obviates the isolation of the sensitive IMDA‐precursor and augments the yield towards the carbocyclic skeleton of abysssomicin C and atrop‐abyssomicin C.
Gold‐Catalyzed Sequential Cycloisomerization of 1,3,9‐Ene‐allene‐ynes to Fused Spirocarbocycles
Authors: Chen Xianxiao , Ling Xiangxiang , An Di , Rao Weidong
Published: July 2020

An efficient synthetic method to prepare architecturally challenging spiro tetrahydro‐3H‐dicyclopenta[a,b]naphthalene derivatives from Au(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular sequential cycloisomerization of linear 1,3,9‐ene‐allene‐ynes is described. The proposed cycloisomerization pathway involves an initial gold‐catalyzed 1,3‐ene‐allene cycloisomerization, followed by a formal [4+2] cycloaddition to give fused spirocarbocyclic products containing a quaternary centre.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Annulation of Enamines and Tosyl Azide toward N‐Heterocycle Fused and 5‐Amino‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Deng Leiling , Liu Yunyun , Zhu Yanping , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: July 2020

The annulation reactions between gem‐diamino enaminones (ketene aminals) and tosyl azide providing N‐heterocycle fused and 5‐amino side chain functionalized 1,2,3‐triazoles have been developed. The synthesis of these N‐side chain functionalized 1,2,3‐triazoles has been executed with high efficiency and broad synthetic scope under transition metal‐free conditions with the assistance of NaHCO3 only.
Highly Hydrophilic Polymer Composite Modified Electrode for Trace Copper Detection Based on Synergetic Electrostatic Attractions and Chelating Interactions
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Liu Donglin , Liu Yongle , Wang Faxiang , Huang Shouen , Luo Xin , Liu Dongmin , Chen Donger , Wei Jiaqian , Ning Jingheng
Published: July 2020

A new electrochemical sensor for Cu2+ detection by square wave voltammetry with high sensitivity has been constructed, based on a composite of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and Nafion. Starting from these two polymers that are rich of hydrophilic groups in backbones, a highly negative‐charged composite has been easily prepared, which displays outstanding ability to adsorb and enrich Cu2+ onto the electrode surface through both electrostatic attractions and chelating interactions. After optimizing test conditions, this new sensor exhibits a good linear signal response to Cu2+ in a concentration range from 1.0 nΜ to 50.0 nM with a limit of detection of 0.6 nM (S/N=3), as well as good anti‐interference for commonly co‐existing metal ions. Besides, this new electrochemical copper sensor has been successfully applied to detect trace Cu2+ in natural water samples with satisfactory recoveries of 98–104 %. These findings provide a new simple but effective way for the determination of heavy metal ions in environmental pollutants.
Single Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell separation from bacterial cells and auto‐fluorescence tracking with a nanosieve device
Authors: Korensky Grant , Chen Xinye , Bao Mengdi , Miller Abbi , Lapizco‐Encinas Blanca , Park Myeongkee , Du Ke
Published: July 2020

A planar, transparent, and adaptable nanosieve device is developed for efficient microalgae/bacteria separation. In the proposed method, a sacrificial layer is applied with dual photolithography patterning to achieve a 1D channel with a very low aspect ratio (1:10 000). A microalgae/bacteria mixture is then introduced into the deformable PDMS nanochannel. The hydrodynamic deformation of the nanochannel is regulated to allow the bacteria cells to pass through while leaving the microalgae cells trapped in the device. At a flow rate of 4 μL/min, the supernatant collected from the device is indistinguishable from a control solution, indicating that nearly all the microalgae cells are trapped in the device. Additionally, this device is capable of single cell auto‐fluorescence tracking. These microalgae cells demonstrate minimal photobleaching over 250 s laser exposure and could be used to monitor hazardous compounds in the sample with a continuous flow. This method will be valuable to purify microalgae samples containing contaminations and study single‐cell heterogeneity.
Alteration of methylation status in archival DNA samples: A qualitative assessment by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Iyer Gayatri Rangarajan , Hasan Qurratulain
Published: July 2020

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, which also facilitates genomic imprinting. Genomic imprinting is responsible for differential expression of genes based on parent of origin. Altered methylation of parental alleles results in imprinting disorders diagnosed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MS‐PCR) technique. With increasing evidence of genes under epigenetic influence, methylation studies are extensively performed on archival samples. To evaluate effect of storage and storage conditions on DNA methylation, a systematic MS‐PCR based analysis was planned on an imprinted gene, SNRPN, located on chromosome 15q11.2. It was assessed by MS‐PCR on fresh, 4 −20, and −80°C stored DNA samples for different time periods for systematic evaluation of methylation status. Technical factors like type of sample processing, method of DNA isolation, primer region polymorphism, sample heterogeneity were also evaluated. DNA methylation was observed to be altered for SNRPN gene after storage at −80°C from 2 months onwards. Long‐term storage of DNA at −80°C results in altered DNA methylation status. This may lead to false MS‐PCR diagnosis of imprinting disorders. Our proof of concept study should be followed with quantitative validation since the findings have critical implications in the present era of biobanking.
Internet of Things device authentication via electromagnetic fingerprints
Authors: Souza Artur , Carlson Ivo , Ramos Heitor S. , Loureiro Antônio A.F. , Oliveira Leonardo B.
Published: July 2020

We quickly approach a future where Internet of Things (IoT) devices are the norm. In this scenario, humans are surrounded by a multitude of heterogeneous devices that assist them in almost every aspect of their daily routines. The realization of this future demands strong authentication guarantees to ensure that these devices are not abused and that their users are not endangered. However, providing authentication for these systems is challenging due to the high heterogeneity of IoT applications. In this paper, we first review several IoT application scenarios and promising authentication methods for each. We identify th e key characteristics of each IoT application scenario, present the strengths and weaknesses of prominent authentication methods from the literature, and review which authentication methods have been proposed in the literature for each application. Then, we present a novel authentication method for IoT based on electromagnetic noise. The key advantage of electromagnetic noise is that any electronic device intrinsically generates electromagnetic noise during normal operation. We extract features from these electromagnetic emanations and use machine learning algorithms to identify devices based on these features. Our method achieves 77% accuracy when identifying devices among a set of seven devices.
A Triboelectric Nanogenerator Consisting of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Pellet for Self‐Powered Detection of Mechanical Faults and Inclination in Dynamic Mechanics
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhuo Kai , Cui Xiaojing , Zhang Wendong , Sang Shengbo , Zhang Hulin
Published: July 2020

A reliable mechanical fixation plays a pivotal role in guaranteeing normal operation for large‐scale equipment. The detection of screw loosening or breakage as well as susceptor tilting is of significance in mechanical dynamics, especially in those with large vibration amplitude during operation. Herein, a novel triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported that consists of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pellets and a single electrode installed on the bottom of a cylinder. The basic electricity‐generating principle is the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction between the pellets and electrode. The dependence of the output voltage on the diameter/number of pellets is explored deeply, suggesting, by enlarging the diameter or increasing the number of pellets, the output voltage can be improved. By integrating the fabricated TENG on a vibration table, the capacity of self‐powered detection of screw loosening or breakage can be achieved based on TENGs, which can predict a potential mechanical failure in real time. More importantly, the TENG can be tuned to output eight‐channel data simultaneously, which enables recognizing the tiny inclining signs of equipment. This work provides a new method for the design and manufacture of intelligent sensors that can be used for failure inspection and diagnosis in future intelligent mechanics.
Is Inciting Social Change Something Evaluators Can Do? Should Do?
Authors: Neubauer Leah C. , Hall Melvin E.
Published: July 2020

This volume set out to consider what must occur for evaluators and evaluation to incite social justice‐oriented change in the communities where there is a need. It takes an affirmative posture and, in each chapter, builds a case for engaging in social change. In a variety of contexts, exploration of the social consciousness of evaluators and the larger evaluation profession, has led to the encouraging possibility that promoting oppositional consciousness could more reliably lead to the desired change. However, some argue that moving evaluation in this direction is a mistake and goes too far. This chapter examines the cases that have been made for greater evaluator involvement in inciting social change and presents a rational for the who, what, where, and when of evaluator engagement in inciting social change. The chapter concludes with the expected value to society of this change in evaluator posture.
Petrographic and SEM‐EDX characterization of Mousterian white/beige chert tools from the Navalmaíllo rock shelter (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Abrunhosa Ana , Bustillo María Ángeles , Pereira Telmo , Márquez Belén , Pérez‐González Alfredo , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Baquedano Enrique
Published: July 2020

Studying lithic raw material sourcing, processing and distribution is helpful when trying to reconstruct the territory, ecology, and cultural practices of Neanderthal groups. The use of multiple methods in such analyses allows for more refined characterizations to be made, helping to distinguish between materials better than any single method. Although 85% of the raw materials making up the Mousterian assemblage at the Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid Region of Spain) correspond to the available local geological resources, 10% is made of white/beige chert, which is not registered in regional geological cartography. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses were performed to determine the origin of this white/beige chert and thus shed light on the procurement strategies of the Neanderthal groups that occupied the rock shelter. The results show this chert to correspond to three different types of rock: quartz–kaolinite rocks from dykes, cretaceous marine cherts, and quartz fillings of cavities/fractures. These findings are in accordance with the geological features and formations present in the Lozoya valley, as recorded during a geoarchaeological survey, and indicate that the Neanderthals occupying the center of the Iberian Peninsula possessed a detailed knowledge of the landscape that allowed them to exploit its resources during MIS5a–early MIS4.
CO2 solubility in aqueous binary mixtures of monoethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, and diaminobutane
Authors: Gholidoost Milad , Farsi Mohammad , Setoodeh Payam
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this research is to improve the CO2 solubility and absorption rate of conventional alkanolamines including monoethanolamine (MEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) by 1,4–diaminobutane (DAB) as a promoter. Typically, the presence of two primary functional groups, lack of strict hindrance, and low molecular weight make DAB an efficient solvent to absorb CO2. In the first step, the absorption kinetic of DAB is investigated theoretically and a rate equation is proposed based on the zwitterion mechanism. In the second step, the equilibrium capacity of MEA and MDEA is promoted by DAB experiment in an isothermal stirred batch reactor in the pressure range 20–100 kPa, temperature range 303–313 K, and promoter volume fraction 0–10%. Then, the effective loading and regenerability of prepared samples are investigated by continuous cyclic absorption and regeneration in the designed reactor. The experimental results show that increasing DAB concentration in the MEA and MDEA as base solutions increases the CO2 absorption rate and equilibrium capacity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of the Cretaceous palaeo‐uplifts and its implications for hydrocarbon systems in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, western China
Authors: Song Xu , Lü Xiuxiang , Quan Han , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Guan Yao , Feng Xinluo
Published: July 2020

The Kuqa Depression is an important oil and gas exploration area in the Tarim Basin, and exploration practices indicate that the gas reservoirs such as Dabei, Kela, and Keshenare distributed in the Cretaceous palaeo‐uplift area. However, few studies have been done on the Cretaceous palaeo‐uplifts. On the basis of the logging gamma curve, the spectrum analysis of the Bashijiqike Formation shows that the sedimentation of the Lower Cretaceous stratum was controlled by the Milankovitch cycles. As the stratum exhibits the characteristic Milankovitch periodicities, 133, 124, 100, and 95 ka eccentricity, 46.5 and 36.6 ka obliquity, and 22.2 ka precession periods are identified in the residual Bashijiqike Formation. By combining the results of cyclic analysis and thermal simulation of apatite fission track (AFT), the stratum denudation amount of Dabei‐Tubei palaeo‐uplift and Kelasu palaeo‐uplift in the Late Cretaceous was calculated, and the palaeo‐uplifts were restored. The results show that the original thickness of the Cretaceous stratum in the core of the Dabei‐Tubei palaeo‐uplift was ~1,500 m and was more than 1,800 m in the core of the Kelasu palaeo‐uplift. The AFT modelling results indicate that there were two cooling phases in provenance, that is, since the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (ca. 200 Ma) and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (ca. 160–130 Ma). In addition, the depositional area also experienced two cooling phases, namely, since the Late Cretaceous (ca. 110–60 Ma) and the Late Palaeogene–Early Neogene (ca. 20 Ma).
Geochemical characteristics and origin of petroleum in the southwest complicated fault subsag, Dongpu Depression of China's Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Bian Leibo , Sanei Hamed , Niu Zicheng , Yang Dailin
Published: July 2020

The Dongpu Depression is one of the major petroliferous structures in the Bohai Bay Basin of eastern China. The Shahejie Formation is the key target unit for petroleum exploration in the Dongpu Depression. The current studies on this fossiliferous structure mainly focus on the northern depression, and the detailed study on the southern part of the depression is still scarce. To further study on the southeast subsag located in the southern part of this depression, we examined the geochemical characteristics and origin of petroleum using stable carbon isotopes, components of crude oil and natural gas, micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IS), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fluid inclusions and 1D model were employed to reconstruct the burial and thermal history and indicate the timing of hydrocarbon generation. Finally, the petroleum exploration in this region is guided based on the combination of geochemical results and geological setting. The result of geochemical characteristics of crude oils indicates the oil was from the combination of algal and terrestrial plants, deposited in reducing to sub‐oxic and fresh to marginally brackish environment. Furthermore, the oil in the northeastern part could be traced to the Haitongji subsag and has relatively lower thermal maturity than that in the central part. Stable carbon isotope data suggest that natural gas is a mixed oil‐type and coal‐type gas. The equation estimated indicates that natural gas in the northeast is mainly oil‐type gas, with an average ratio of 80.0%, whereas coal‐type gas is dominant in the central part (average percentage: 74.3%). Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon indicate that the Changyuan Fault was a migration pathway for the northeastern petroleum, whereas it gradually changed to be sealed towards the central part.
Toward Building a Failsafe Hospital: The Impending Drug Resistant Pandemic
Authors: Sparber Josh
Published: July 2020

Of late and during the last century, hospitals around the world and within the US have withstood war, floods, bad weather, bad actors, and other adverse circumstances. An adverse circumstance with great potential for harm is the growing scourge of pandemics, specifically, those caused by drug‐resistant microbial organisms. Systems engineers can use lean agile methods, incorporating the concept of antifragility to design systems responsive to reducing pandemic threats. They can also integrate modeling concepts into this schema. System dynamics can describe the extant highly nonlinear and complex resource paradigms within SysML parametric blocks.
Emergency Systems and Power Outage Restoration Due to Infrastructure Damage from Major Floods and Disasters
Authors: Duffey Romney B.
Published: July 2020

I examine extreme events where one major consequence is damage to infrastructure causing failures and loss of electrical power to vital systems, and restoration may take several days to weeks. We need to know how long it will take to restore power and design robust emergency backup that is especially important for major population centers, critical facilities, and essential industrial equipment. This coupled systems engineering problem involves the restoration of the initial outages depending on the damage caused and the reliability of emergency power and backup systems. I first review my prior work using extensive data for the prediction of power restoration probability and timing using publicly available data for severe and unexpected events. The events cover a wide spectrum of hurricanes, wildfires, ice storms, floods, cyclones, and tsunamis for multiple power distribution systems and countries, where attempts to avoid prolonged failure and ensure restoration deploy emergency crews, procedures, and extensive recovery equipment. Significant infrastructure damage, access difficulty, and societal disruption delays restoration. The resulting universal correlations show that emergency restoration probability and timing are independent of event type, depending on the degree of difficulty as restoration occurs as fast as humanly possible.

Systems design and recovery processes should all learn from these previous disasters. Because of the potential for significant delays and extended power outages, critical facilities and commercial enterprises deploy emergency or backup power systems. I provide a detailed analysis of the probability of emergency system restoration and determine the needed response time and reliability requirements. The analysis then derives integral emergency system failure rates by comparing the (a) emergency power restoration data for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station events that resulted from unprecedented flooding due to an unexpected tsunami from a major earthquake, and with (b) the analogous extended loss of pumping power due to the massive flooding of New Orleans, US‐LA by Hurricane Katrina. This new analysis quantifies the chance of restoration using systems engineering and emergency measures and replaces the frequently used qualitative system resilience terminology for coping with severe events.
A deep‐learning‐based approach for noise reduction in high‐speed optical coherence Doppler tomography
Authors: Li Ang , Du Congwu , Volkow Nora D. , Pan Yingtian
Published: July 2020

Optical coherence Doppler tomography (ODT) increasingly attracts attention because of its unprecedented advantages with respect to high contrast, capillary‐level resolution and flow speed quantification. However, the trade‐off between the signal‐to‐noise ratio of ODT images and A‐scan sampling density significantly slows down the imaging speed, constraining its clinical applications. To accelerate ODT imaging, a deep‐learning‐based approach is proposed to suppress the overwhelming phase noise from low‐sampling density. To handle the issue of limited paired training datasets, a generative adversarial network is performed to implicitly learn the distribution underlying Doppler phase noise and to generate the synthetic data. Then a 3D based convolutional neural network is trained and applied for the image denoising. We demonstrate this approach outperforms traditional denoise methods in noise reduction and image details preservation, enabling high speed ODT imaging with low A‐scan sampling density.
Optimization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy using near‐infrared spectroscopy to assess changes in peripheral circulation: A pilot study
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Huang , Chen Yi‐Chih , Huang Chun‐Jung , Kuo Chia‐Cheng , Wang Yi‐Min , Sun Chia‐Wei
Published: July 2020

Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as a noninvasive modality for detecting complications in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and it can simultaneously reveal the global circulatory status of these patients. We optimized ECMO therapy on the basis of real‐time peripheral NIRS probing. Three patients underwent venoarterial (VA) ECMO and one patient underwent venovenous (VV) ECMO. All patients received peripheral ECMO cannulation with routine distal perfusion catheter placement. We designed an experimental protocol to adjust ECMO blood flow over 1 hour. Hemodynamic responses were measured using NIRS devices attached to the calf at approximately 60% of the distance from the ankle to the knee. HbO2 levels change substantially with adjustments in ECMO flow, and they are more sensitive than HHb levels and the tissue saturation index (TSI) are. NIRS for optimizing ECMO therapy may be reliable for monitoring global circulatory status.
CASR rs1801725 polymorphism is associated with the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer: A case‐control study
Authors: Diao Yu‐E , Xu Qing
Published: July 2020

Background

The extracellular calcium‐sensing receptor (CASR) controls body calcium homeostasis. Increased levels of calcium are associated with protecting against colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to determine the relationship between CASR gene rs1801725 polymorphism and CRC risk and prognosis.

Methods

We conducted a hospital‐based case‐control study and a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association of CASR gene rs1801725 polymorphism with CRC susceptibility.

Results

This study proved that CASR rs1801725 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk to develop CRC (TT vs GG: OR 1.92, 95% CI [1.03‐3.59], P = .042; T vs G: OR 1.30, 95% CI [1.03‐1.64], P = .030). Subgroup analysis showed that this polymorphism increased the risk of CRC among smokers, and those aged ≥60 years (TT vs GG: OR 3.37, 95% CI [1.12‐10.14], P = .034). We also found that this polymorphism was associated with the tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis of CRC (GT vs GG: OR 2.03, 95% CI [1.32‐3.10], P = .001). In addition, CASR gene rs1801725 polymorphism correlated with the survival of CRC patients. Further meta‐analysis also obtained a significant association between this SNP and CRC risk (TT + GT vs GG: OR 1.28, 95% CI [1.01, 1.63], P = .041). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity observed a link between rs1801725 polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians, but not in Caucasians and mixed populations.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this case‐control study and meta‐analysis showed that CASR rs1801725 polymorphism increased the risk of CRC. Further studies from other races are urgently needed.
Sarcopenia and peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review
Authors: Pizzimenti Mégane , Meyer Alain , Charles Anne‐Laure , Giannini Margherita , Chakfé Nabil , Lejay Anne , Geny Bernard
Published: July 2020

Background

Patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and sarcopenia are a population at risk requiring specific and targeted care. The aim of this review is to gather all relevant studies associating sarcopenia and PAD and to identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic strategies to improve skeletal muscle function.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).

Results

Data extraction allowed the evaluation of 140 publications; 87 met the inclusion criteria; of which 79 were included in the final review, reporting sufficient data for epidemiological and diagnostic criteria, mechanical analysis, and therapeutic approaches. Epidemiological analysis and diagnostic criteria were based on 18 studies following 2362 PAD patients [31.39% (SD 7.61) women], aged 72.42 (SD 2.84); sarcopenia was present in 34.63% (SD 12.86) of the patients. Mechanical and pathway analysis were based on five animal studies and 29 clinical reports, showing significantly altered muscle strength and function in 1352 PAD patients [26.49% (SD 17.32) women], aged 67.67 (SD 5.14) years; impaired muscle histology in 192 PAD patients (9.2% (SD 11.22) women), aged 64.3 (SD 0.99) years; +58.63% (SD 25.48) of oxidative stress in 69 PAD patients [16.96% (SD 8.10) women], aged 63.17 (SD 1.43) years; mitochondriopathy in 153 PAD patients [29.39% (SD 28.27) women], aged 63.50 (SD 1.83) years; +15.58% (SD 7.41) of inflammation in 900 PAD patients [40.77% (SD 3.71) women], aged 74.88 (SD 2.76) years; and altered signalling pathways in 51 PAD patients [34.45% (SD 32.23) women], aged 72.25 (SD 5.25) years. Therapeutic approaches analysis was based on seven animal studies and 21 clinical reports. In total, 884 patients followed an exercise therapy, and 18 received an angiogenesis treatment; 30.84% (SD 17.74) were women. Mean ages of patients studied were 66.85 (SD 3.96).

Conclusions

Sarcopenia and lower extremity PAD have musculoskeletal consequences that directly impair patients' quality of life and prognosis. Although PAD is primarily a vascular disease, all etiological factors of sarcopenia identified so far are present in PAD. Indeed, both sarcopenia and PAD are accompanied by oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mitochondrial impairments, inflammation, inhibition of specific pathways regulating muscle synthesis or protection (i.e. IGF‐1, RISK, and SAFE), and activation of molecules associated with muscle degradation. To date, besides revascularization, the best therapeutic strategy includes exercise, but approaches targeting the underlying mechanisms still deserve further studies.
Increase in egg resistance to desiccation in springtails correlates with blastodermal cuticle formation: Eco‐evolutionary implications for insect terrestrialization
Authors: Vargas Helena C. M. , Panfilio Kristen A. , Roelofs Dick , Rezende Gustavo L.
Published: July 2020

Land colonization was a major event in the history of life. Among animals, insects exerted a staggering terrestrialization success, due to traits usually associated with postembryonic life stages, while the egg stage has been largely overlooked in comparative studies. In many insects, after blastoderm differentiation, the extraembryonic serosal tissue wraps the embryo and synthesizes the serosal cuticle, an extracellular matrix that lies beneath the eggshell and protects the egg against water loss. In contrast, in noninsect hexapods such as springtails (Collembola) the early blastodermal cells synthesize a blastodermal cuticle. Here, we investigate the relationship between blastodermal cuticle formation and egg resistance to desiccation in the springtailsOrchesella cinctaandFolsomia candida, two species with different oviposition environments and developmental rates. The blastodermal cuticle becomes externally visible inO. cinctaandF. candidaat 22% and 29% of embryogenesis, respectively. To contextualize, we describe the stages of springtail embryogenesis, exemplified byF. candida. Our physiological assays then showed that blastodermal cuticle formation coincides with an increase in egg viability in a dry environment, significantly contributing to hatching success. However, protection differs between species: whileO. cinctaeggs survive at least 2 hr outside a humid environment, the survival period recorded forF. candidaeggs is only 15 min, which correlates with this species’ requirement for humid microhabitats. We suggest that the formation of this cuticle protects the eggs, constituting an ancestral trait among hexapods that predated and facilitated the process of terrestrialization that occurred during insect evolution.
The journey to leave: Understanding the roles of perceived ease of movement, proactive personality, and person–organization fit in overqualified employees' job searching process
Authors: Wu I‐Heng (Ray) , Chi Nai‐Wen
Published: July 2020

Despite intensive research on perceived overqualification, empirical evidence on overqualified employees' job search behavior remains relatively insufficient. Notably, no studies have explored the possible link between perceived overqualification and internal job searching behaviors. In the present study, we consider whether—and more importantly when—employees with high perception of overqualification search for internal and external job opportunities. Applying the ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO) framework, we propose and test a model that specifies how motivation and opportunity to move or stay activate differential effects in overqualifiers' job searching process. Results from two studies surveying employees in Taiwan (Study 1: N = 268; Study 2: N = 210) show that overqualifiers displayed greater intentions to leave the current job and, in turn, engaged in more external job search behaviors; this relation was strongest for those whose perceived ease of movement and proactive personality increased or person–organization (PO) fit decreased. Furthermore, overqualifiers displayed greater intentions to leave the current job and also increased their internal job search behaviors; this relation was strongest for those whose perceived ease of movement and PO fit increased. A series of supplemental analyses also lends support to our theorizing.
Is policing becoming a tainted profession? Media, public perceptions, and implications
Authors: Chatterjee Deepshikha , Ryan Ann Marie
Published: July 2020

Stigmatized professions are those where physical, social, and/or moral taints are applied. Stigma theorists hold that stigma is socially communicated and changes over time, but it is unclear if stigma content can be applied to those who are seen as powerful. Two studies examined how the impact of sociopolitical discourses on policing, a profession that carries legitimate power, on the tainting of the profession and distrust in policing. In an examination of archival news media clips on policing (N = 200), results show that media coverage over time (between 2011 and 2016) has used a more negative tone in discussing police–citizen interactions, and these findings varied by conservative versus liberal media. Importantly, across media sources, taints were ascribed to policing. In a second survey study, individuals directly ascribed taints to policing (N = 169). Relative to other jobs, policing was categorized as a pervasively stigmatized job (i.e., high frequency and strong potency of taints were applied). It was also found that those who discussed media stories tended to distrust police more. Implications for efforts to recruit, select, and train officers and to improve police–community relations are discussed; findings may also generalize to other public and community facing professions.
Frontlog scheduling in aircraft line maintenance: From explorative solution design to theoretical insight into buffer management
Authors: Öhman Mikael , Hiltunen Markus , Virtanen Kai , Holmström Jan
Published: July 2020

Based on a multi‐year research engagement with practice, we present a novel solution design for frontlog scheduling in aircraft line maintenance and offer theoretical insights into buffer management in operations. The field problem of the case airline was to improve departure reliability for long‐haul aircraft without increasing maintenance resources, and without using backup aircraft. Frontlog scheduling is the purposeful introduction of over‐maintenance as a buffer of maintenance tasks that can be opportunistically postponed. A detailed simulation of the solution introduced in the airline's operations indicates a performance frontier shift, concurrently improving departure reliability, and reducing maintenance cost. We position the novel practice in operations and maintenance management literature, arguing that the frontlog creates a new type of time buffer, available in contexts where capacity serves predictable as well as unpredictable demand. Further theoretical elaboration leads us to reconceptualize buffer management along time and capacity dimensions, reducing inventory to a special case of time buffering.
Using inulin‐based emulsion gels as fat substitute in salt reduced Bologna sausage
Authors: de Souza Paglarini Camila , Vidal Vitor AS , Ribeiro Wanessa , Badan Ribeiro Ana P , Bernardinelli Oigres D , Herrero Ana M , Ruiz‐Capillas Claudia , Sabadini Edvaldo , Rodrigues Pollonio Marise A
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

A high‐fiber emulsion gel (EG) containing inulin, soy protein isolate, and soybean oil was applied as animal fat replacer in reduced salt and fat Bologna sausage containing mechanically deboned chicken meat, pork meat, and pork back fat. Technological and microbiological properties were evaluated for 60 days at 4 °C.

RESULTS

A reduction of 11 to 34% and 35 to 45% of fat and sodium were obtained in reformulated products, respectively. An increase in fiber content and polyunsaturated fatty acid was noticed in the formulations with EG. The addition of EG in Bologna increased L* (lightness) values and reduced a* (redness/greenness) values comparing to control treatment. Microstructural properties of sausages exhibited a denser network with the presence of EG. Softer, more elastic, cohesive and resilient samples with a higher intensity of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) were observed in EG added sausages. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data shows that the presence of EG recovers the matrix that has been weakened due to reduction of fat and salt. Sensory evaluation showed that the incorporation of the EGs resulted in acceptable scores.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that inulin‐based EG is a potential fat substitute for developing healthier meat products, with better fatty acids composition and stable to chilled storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry