bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrete isoperimetric problems in spaces of constant curvature
Authors: Basit Bushra , Lángi Zsolt
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to prove isoperimetric inequalities for simplices and polytopes with vertices in Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic d‐space. In particular, we find the minimal volume d‐dimensional hyperbolic simplices and spherical tetrahedra of a given inradius. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of maximal volume spherical and hyperbolic polytopes with vertices with a given circumradius, and the hyperbolic polytopes with vertices with a given inradius and having a minimal volume or minimal total edge length. Finally, for any , we investigate the properties of Euclidean simplices and polytopes with vertices having a fixed inradius and a minimal volume of its k‐skeleton. The main tool of our investigation is Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic Steiner symmetrization.
A characterization of the ellipsoid through planar grazes
Authors: Gonzalez‐García I. , Jerónimo‐Castro J. , Morales‐Amaya E. , Verdusco‐Hernández D. J.
Published: December 2022

In this paper we proved the following: Let be two O‐symmetric convex bodies with strictly convex. Suppose that from every x in the graze is a planar curve and K is almost free with respect to L. Then L is an ellipsoid.
The sympathetic nervous system in healthy and hypertensive pregnancies: physiology or pathology?
Authors: Brislane Áine , Davenport Margie H. , Steinback Craig D.
Published: December 2022

The progression from conception through to the postpartum period represents an extraordinary period of physiological adaptation in the mother to support the growth and development of the fetus. Healthy, normotensive human pregnancies are associated with striking increases in both plasma volume and sympathetic nerve activity, yet normal or reduced blood pressure; it represents a unique period of apparent healthy sympathetic hyperactivity. However, how this normal blood pressure is achieved in the face of sympathoexcitation, and the mechanisms responsible for this increased activity are unclear. Importantly, sympathetic activation has been implicated in hypertensive pregnancy disorders – the leading causes of maternal–fetal morbidity and mortality in the developed world. An understudied link between pregnancy and the development of maternal hypertension may lie in the sympathetic nervous system regulation of blood pressure. This brief review presents the latest data on sympathoexcitation in both healthy and hypertensive pregnancies, and concurrent adaptations along the neurovascular cascade.
Stretch-Induced Uncrimping of Equatorial Sclera Collagen Bundles
Authors: Jan Ning-Jiun , Lee Po-Yi , Wallace Jacob , Iasella Michael , Gogola Alexandra , Wang Bingrui , Sigal Ian A.
Published: December 2022

Stretch-induced collagen uncrimping underlies the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the sclera according to what is often called the process of recruitment. We recently reported experimental measurements of sclera collagen crimp and pressure-induced uncrimping. Our studies, however, were cross-sectional, providing statistical descriptions of crimp with no information on the effects of stretch on specific collagen bundles. Data on bundle-specific uncrimping is necessary to better understand the effects of macroscale input on the collagen microscale and tissue failure. Our goal in this project was to measure bundle-specific stretch-induced collagen uncrimping of sclera. Three goat eyes were cryosectioned sagittally (30 μm). Samples of equatorial sclera were isolated, mounted to a custom uni-axial stretcher and imaged with polarized light microscopy at various levels of clamp-to-clamp stretch until failure. At each stretch level, local strain was measured using image tracking techniques. The level of collagen crimping was determined from the bundle waviness, defined as the circular standard deviation of fiber orientation along a bundle. Eye-specific recruitment curves were then computed using eye-specific waviness at maximum stretch before sample failure to define fibers as recruited. Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to determine the associations of waviness to local strain and recruitment to clamp-to-clamp stretch. Waviness decreased exponentially with local strain (p < 0.001), whereas bundle recruitment followed a sigmoidal curve with clamp-to-clamp stretch (p < 0.001). Individual bundle responses to stretch varied substantially, but recruitment curves were similar across sections and eyes. In conclusion, uni-axial stretch caused measurable bundle-specific uncrimping, with the sigmoidal recruitment pattern characteristic of fiber-reinforced soft tissues.
A Computational Study of Dynamic Obstruction in Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Kim T. , van Bakel P. A. J. , Nama N. , Burris N. , Patel H. J. , Williams D. M. , Figueroa C. A.
Published: December 2022

A serious complication in aortic dissection is dynamic obstruction of the true lumen (TL). Dynamic obstruction results in malperfusion, a blockage of blood flow to a vital organ. Clinical data reveal that increases in central blood pressure promote dynamic obstruction. However, the mechanisms by which high pressures result in TL collapse are underexplored and poorly understood. Here, we developed a computational model to investigate biomechanical and hemodynamical factors involved in Dynamic obstruction. We hypothesize that relatively small pressure gradient between TL and false lumen (FL) are sufficient to displace the flap and induce obstruction. An idealized fluid–structure interaction model of type B aortic dissection was created. Simulations were performed under mean cardiac output while inducing dynamic changes in blood pressure by altering FL outflow resistance. As FL resistance increased, central aortic pressure increased from 95.7 to 115.3 mmHg. Concurrent with blood pressure increase, flap motion was observed, resulting in TL collapse, consistent with clinical findings. The maximum pressure gradient between TL and FL over the course of the dynamic obstruction was 4.5 mmHg, consistent with our hypothesis. Furthermore, the final stage of dynamic obstruction was very sudden in nature, occurring over a short time (<1 s) in our simulation, consistent with the clinical understanding of this dramatic event. Simulations also revealed sudden drops in flow and pressure in the TL in response to the flap motion, consistent with first stages of malperfusion. To our knowledge, this study represents the first computational analysis of potential mechanisms driving dynamic obstruction in aortic dissection.
Drop-Landing Inverse Dynamics Model of Human Knee
Authors: Caruntu Dumitru I. , Moreno Ricardo
Published: December 2022

This work investigates the kinematics and ligament, muscle, and contact forces of drop-landing exercise. A two-dimensional sagittal inverse dynamics knee model is developed to predict internal forces experienced during this exercise. Experimental data is gathered using a vicon motion analysis system and AMTI force plates. This experimental data is then used as input to the inverse dynamics model. The forces produced during the drop-landing exercise are computed using an optimization approach. The tibiofemoral contact point was predicted to move anteriorly as the most significant muscle, ligament, and contact forces increased reaching their peaks. Next, the contact point moves posteriorly as the most significant internal forces decrease, and then moves again anteriorly until the end of the exercise (end of the ascent phase) as the internal forces decrease to zero. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is predicted to be the only significant ligament during drop-landing. The largest force values experienced during drop-landing are gluteus muscle and tibiofemoral contact forces with a peak of 17 body weight (BW), quadriceps muscle force with a peak of 14 BW, and hip contact force along femoral longitudinal direction with a peak of 7 BW. A comparison with data available in the literature is conducted.
Neural Network-Based Building Energy Models for Adapting to Post-Occupancy Conditions: A Case Study for Florida
Authors: Migliori Mariana , Najafi Hamidreza , Fabregas Aldo , Nguyen Troy
Published: December 2022

Building energy models (BEMs) are usually developed by subject matter experts during the design phase to help with decision making for achieving a more energy-efficient design at a minimum cost. The energy performance of a building is subject to significant changes as its operational parameters vary (e.g., occupancy, schedule of operation, etc.) due to different reasons such as change in building spaces application, demands, pandemic situation, among other reasons. In other words, a BEM that is created based on “as-designed” condition to predict building energy consumption (EC) can potentially become much less accurate during the lifetime of the building given the potential changes to the “in-operation” conditions. While BEMs can be adjusted to address operational changes, the end-user (i.e., building owner, manager, etc.) usually does not possess the knowledge to work with physics-based models (e.g., eQUEST) and therefore the initial BEM may no longer be of use to them. In the present paper, an approach is proposed and assessed through which a physics-based model is developed using eQUEST and simulated for several different operating conditions. The resulting data are then used for training an artificial neural network (ANN) which can serve as a simple and data-driven model for prediction of building energy consumption in response to changes in operating conditions. A case study is performed for a building on the campus of Florida Institute of Technology, to explore the changes that occurred in the building schedule of operation during COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the performance of BEM. The inputs to the ANN are considered average daily values for outside dry bulb temperature, total daily global horizontal irradiation, hours of operation for the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system for the main building, and hours of operation for the HVAC system for the conference room, while the output is considered as the monthly energy consumption of the building. The trained ANN is then tested against the actual measured data for energy consumption (post-construction) under different scenarios and good agreement between the results is found. The approach presented in this work aims to serve as a methodology for using data-driven surrogate models that can be used beyond the construction phase of the building and in response to sudden changes in building operating conditions.
Audiovisual speech perception: Moving beyond McGurk
Authors: Van Engen Kristin J. , Dey Avanti , Sommers Mitchell S. , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: December 2022

Although it is clear that sighted listeners use both auditory and visual cues during speech perception, the manner in which multisensory information is combined is a matter of debate. One approach to measuring multisensory integration is to use variants of the McGurk illusion, in which discrepant auditory and visual cues produce auditory percepts that differ from those based on unimodal input. Not all listeners show the same degree of susceptibility to the McGurk illusion, and these individual differences are frequently used as a measure of audiovisual integration ability. However, despite their popularity, we join the voices of others in the field to argue that McGurk tasks are ill-suited for studying real-life multisensory speech perception: McGurk stimuli are often based on isolated syllables (which are rare in conversations) and necessarily rely on audiovisual incongruence that does not occur naturally. Furthermore, recent data show that susceptibility to McGurk tasks does not correlate with performance during natural audiovisual speech perception. Although the McGurk effect is a fascinating illusion, truly understanding the combined use of auditory and visual information during speech perception requires tasks that more closely resemble everyday communication: namely, words, sentences, and narratives with congruent auditory and visual speech cues.
The Effect of Complex Training on Muscle Architecture in Rugby League Players
Authors: Scott David J. , Marshall Phil , Orange Samuel T. , Ditroilo Massimiliano
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To compare the effects of variable-resistance complex training (VRCT) versus traditional complex training (TCT) on muscle architecture in rugby league players during a 6-week mesocycle. Methods: Twenty-four rugby league players competing in the British University & Colleges Sport (BUCS) Premier North Division were randomized to VRCT (n = 8), TCT (n = 8), or control (n = 8). Experimental groups completed a 6-week lower-body complex training intervention (2×/wk), which involved alternating high-load resistance exercise with plyometric exercise in the same session. The VRCT group performed resistance exercises at 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) + 0% to 23% of 1RM from band resistance with a 90-second intracontrast rest interval, whereas the TCT group performed resistance exercise at 93% of 1RM with a 4-minute intracontrast rest interval. Muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle, and fascicle length (Lf) were assessed for the vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius medialis using ultrasound imaging. Results: Both TCT and VRCT groups significantly improved VL MT and VL Lf compared with control (all P < .05). Standardized within-group changes in MT and Lf (Cohen dav ± 95% CI) were moderate for TCT (dav = 0.91 ± 1.0; dav = 1.1 ± 1.1) and unclear for VRCT (dav = 0.44 ± 0.99; dav = 0.47 ± 0.99), respectively. Differences in change scores between TCT and VRCT were unclear. Conclusions: VRCT and TCT can be utilized during the competitive season to induce favorable MT and Lf muscle architecture adaptations for the VL. TCT may induce greater muscle architecture adaptations of the VL, whereas VRCT may be of more practical value given the shorter intracontrast rest interval between resistance and plyometric exercises.
Primary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Physical Literacy Assessment: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Essiet Inimfon A. , Warner Elyse , Lander Natalie J. , Salmon Jo , Duncan Michael J. , Eyre Emma L.J. , Barnett Lisa M.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Teachers are important stakeholders in supporting children’s physical literacy (PL), yet teachers’ perception of PL assessment is underexplored. Method: Utilizing a mixed-methods design, 122 primary school teachers (of children aged 5–12 years) in Australia completed an online survey, followed by nine interviews. Results: Teachers who favored assessment (58%) tended to report assessing PL in children (χ2[1, N = 110] = 7.025, p = .008). Those who reported assessing PL (also 58%) were more confident to do so (χ2[2, N = 109] = 10.540, p = .005). Teachers considered movement skills, engagement and enjoyment, relationships, and safety and risk as the most important elements for assessing PL. Qualitative data showed nonsupport for PL assessment stemmed from skepticism regarding relevance of assessment, appropriateness of assessment, and views that the curriculum and PL framework were implicitly linked. Conclusion: Professional development, resources, and suitable PL teacher assessments can upskill teachers’ knowledge, confidence, and reduce barriers in implementing PL assessments.
Active DNA demethylation of developmental
cis
-regulatory regions predates vertebrate origins
Authors: Skvortsova Ksenia , Bertrand Stephanie , Voronov Danila , Duckett Paul E. , Ross Samuel E. , Magri Marta Silvia , Maeso Ignacio , Weatheritt Robert J. , Gómez Skarmeta Jose Luis , Arnone Maria Ina , Escriva Hector , Bogdanovic Ozren
Published: December 2022

DNA methylation [5-methylcytosine (5mC)] is a repressive gene-regulatory mark required for vertebrate embryogenesis. Genomic 5mC is tightly regulated through the action of DNA methyltransferases, which deposit 5mC, and ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which participate in its active removal through the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). TET enzymes are essential for mammalian gastrulation and activation of vertebrate developmental enhancers; however, to date, a clear picture of 5hmC function, abundance, and genomic distribution in nonvertebrate lineages is lacking. By using base-resolution 5mC and 5hmC quantification during sea urchin and lancelet embryogenesis, we shed light on the roles of nonvertebrate 5hmC and TET enzymes. We find that these invertebrate deuterostomes use TET enzymes for targeted demethylation of regulatory regions associated with developmental genes and show that the complement of identified 5hmC-regulated genes is conserved to vertebrates. This work demonstrates that active 5mC removal from regulatory regions is a common feature of deuterostome embryogenesis suggestive of an unexpected deep conservation of a major gene-regulatory module.
MacroH2A impedes metastatic growth by enforcing a discrete dormancy program in disseminated cancer cells
Authors: Sun Dan , Singh Deepak K. , Carcamo Saul , Filipescu Dan , Khalil Bassem , Huang Xin , Miles Brett A. , Westra William , Sproll Karl Christoph , Hasson Dan , Bernstein Emily , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
Published: December 2022

MacroH2A variants have been linked to inhibition of metastasis through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, we reveal that solitary dormant disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) display increased levels of macroH2A variants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma PDX in vivo models and patient samples compared to proliferating primary or metastatic lesions. We demonstrate that dormancy-inducing transforming growth factor–β2 and p38α/β pathways up-regulate macroH2A expression and that macroH2A variant overexpression is sufficient to induce DCC dormancy and suppress metastasis in vivo. Notably, inducible expression of the macroH2A2 variant in vivo suppresses metastasis via a reversible growth arrest of DCCs. This state does not require the dormancy-regulating transcription factors DEC2 and NR2F1; instead, transcriptomic analysis reveals that macroH2A2 overexpression inhibits cell cycle and oncogenic signaling programs, while up-regulating dormancy and senescence-associated inflammatory cytokines. We conclude that the macroH2A2-enforced dormant phenotype results from tapping into transcriptional programs of both quiescence and senescence to limit metastatic outgrowth.
Biomolecular condensates can both accelerate and suppress aggregation of α-synuclein
Authors: Lipiński Wojciech P. , Visser Brent S. , Robu Irina , Fakhree Mohammad A. A. , Lindhoud Saskia , Claessens Mireille M. A. E. , Spruijt Evan
Published: December 2022

Biomolecular condensates present in cells can fundamentally affect the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins and play a role in the regulation of this process. While liquid-liquid phase separation of amyloidogenic proteins by themselves can act as an alternative nucleation pathway, interaction of partly disordered aggregation-prone proteins with preexisting condensates that act as localization centers could be a far more general mechanism of altering their aggregation behavior. Here, we show that so-called host biomolecular condensates can both accelerate and slow down amyloid formation. We study the amyloidogenic protein α-synuclein and two truncated α-synuclein variants in the presence of three types of condensates composed of nonaggregating peptides, RNA, or ATP. Our results demonstrate that condensates can markedly speed up amyloid formation when proteins localize to their interface. However, condensates can also significantly suppress aggregation by sequestering and stabilizing amyloidogenic proteins, thereby providing living cells with a possible protection mechanism against amyloid formation.
“ILC2 it, but I can’t promise anything”
Authors: DiToro Daniel , Pillai Shiv
Published: December 2022

A conditional knockout system permitting deletion of ILC2 cells reveals non-redundant roles in eosinophil recruitment and helminth clearance.
Post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas in the Sanjiang region of southwestern China formed by fractionation of lithospheric mantle–derived mafic magmas
Authors: Chang Jia , Audétat Andreas
Published: December 2022

For porphyry Cu deposits that formed during oceanic slab subduction, there is a general consensus that the ore-forming magmas evolved through fractionation of mafic magmas that were generated by slab fluid (± melt)–fluxed melting of the asthenospheric mantle wedge. This model, however, is not applicable to post-subduction porphyry Cu deposits because they formed distinctly after cessation of oceanic slab subduction. A popular model proposes that post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas were produced by partial melting of lower-crustal, sulfide-rich arc cumulates, with or without minor contributions from potassic mafic magmas. To reappraise the crustal melting model, we focused on one of the largest post-subduction porphyry Cu belts on Earth, which formed during the India-Asia collision in the Sanjiang region of southwestern China. Detailed petrographic studies and new Nd-Sr isotopic data from non-metasomatized versus metasomatized lower-crustal xenoliths suggest that previous models based on crustal melting rest upon wrong radiogenic isotope constraints due to pervasive metasomatism of the xenoliths. Based on traceelement quantitative modeling and regional-scale geochemical trends of magmatic rocks, we demonstrate that the Sanjiang post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas were produced by fractionation of potassic mafic magmas derived from lithospheric mantle. This study highlights that post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas attain their K-rich composition, and all the ore-forming ingredients, from subduction-modified lithospheric mantle, the existence of which may be a prerequisite for the formation of porphyry Cu deposits in post-subduction settings.
National learning systems to sustain and scale up delivery of quality healthcare: a conceptual framework
Authors: Lattof Samantha R , Maliqi Blerta , Livesley Nigel , Yaqub Nuhu , Naimy Zainab , Muzigaba Moise , Chowdhury Minara , Waiswa Peter , Were Wilson M
Published: December 2022

All around the world, health systems fail to provide good quality of care (QoC). By developing learning systems, health systems are able to better identify good practices and to explain how to sustain and scale these good practices. To facilitate the operationalisation of national learning systems, the Network for Improving Quality of Care for Maternal Newborn and Child Health (the Network) developed a conceptual framework for national learning systems to support QoC at scale. The Network facilitated an iterative process to reach consensus on a conceptual framework for national learning systems to sustain and scale up delivery of quality healthcare. Following a landscape analysis, the Network Secretariat and WHO convened two consultative meetings with country partners, technical experts and stakeholders. Based on these inputs, we developed a conceptual framework for national learning systems to support QoC at scale. National learning systems use a variety of approaches to identify practices that have improved QoC at the patient and provider levels. They also facilitate scale up and sustain strategies used successfully to support quality improvement. Despite growing consensus on the importance of learning for QoC, no one has yet detailed how this learning should be operationalised nationally. Our conceptual framework is the first to facilitate the operationalisation of national learning systems so that health systems can begin to develop, adapt and implement mechanisms to learn about what works or fails and to scale up and sustain this learning for QoC.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on timeliness and equity of measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations in North East London: a longitudinal study using electronic health records
Authors: Firman Nicola , Marszalek Milena , Gutierrez Ana , Homer Kate , Williams Crystal , Harper Gill , Dostal Isabel , Ahmed Zaheer , Robson John , Dezateux Carol
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timeliness of, and geographical and sociodemographic inequalities in, receipt of first measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination.

Design

Longitudinal study using primary care electronic health records.

Setting

285 general practices in North East London.

Participants

Children born between 23 August 2017 and 22 September 2018 (pre-pandemic cohort) or between 23 March 2019 and 1 May 2020 (pandemic cohort).

Main outcome measure

Receipt of timely MMR vaccination between 12 and 18 months of age.

Methods

We used logistic regression to estimate the ORs (95% CIs) of receipt of a timely vaccination adjusting for sex, deprivation, ethnic background and Clinical Commissioning Group. We plotted choropleth maps of the proportion receiving timely vaccinations.

Results

Timely MMR receipt fell by 4.0% (95% CI: 3.4% to 4.6%) from 79.2% (78.8% to 79.6%) to 75.2% (74.7% to 75.7%) in the pre-pandemic (n=33 226; 51.3% boys) and pandemic (n=32 446; 51.4%) cohorts, respectively. After adjustment, timely vaccination was less likely in the pandemic cohort (0.79; 0.76 to 0.82), children from black (0.70; 0.65 to 0.76), mixed/other (0.77; 0.72 to 0.82) or with missing (0.77; 0.74 to 0.81) ethnic background, and more likely in girls (1.07; 1.03 to 1.11) and those from South Asian backgrounds (1.39; 1.30 to 1.48). Children living in the least deprived areas were more likely to receive a timely MMR (2.09; 1.78 to 2.46) but there was no interaction between cohorts and deprivation (Wald statistic: 3.44; p=0.49). The proportion of neighbourhoods where less than 60% of children received timely vaccination increased from 7.5% to 12.7% during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant fall in timely MMR receipt and increased geographical clustering of measles susceptibility in an area of historically low and inequitable MMR coverage. Immediate action is needed to avert measles outbreaks and support primary care to deliver timely and equitable vaccinations.
Methamphetamine-associated heart failure: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Manja Veena , Nrusimha Ananya , Gao Ya , Sheikh Aleesha , McGovern Mark , Heidenreich Paul A , Sandhu Alex Tarlochan Singh , Asch Steven
Published: December 2022

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of observational studies on methamphetamine-associated heart failure (MethHF) .

Methods

Six databases were searched for original publications on the topic. Title/abstract and included full-text publications were reviewed in duplicate. Data extraction and critical appraisal for risk of bias were performed in duplicate.

Results

Twenty-one studies are included in the final analysis. Results could not be combined because of heterogeneity in study design, population, comparator, and outcome assessment. Overall risk of bias is moderate due to the presence of confounders, selection bias and poor matching; overall certainty in the evidence is very low. MethHF is increasing in prevalence, affects diverse racial/ethnic/sociodemographic groups with a male predominance; up to 44% have preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction. MethHF is associated with significant morbidity including worse heart failure symptoms compared with non-methamphetamine related heart failure. Female sex, methamphetamine abstinence and guideline-directed heart failure therapy are associated with improved outcomes. Chamber dimensions on echocardiography and fibrosis on biopsy predict the extent of recovery after abstinence.

Conclusions

The increasing prevalence of MethHF with associated morbidity underscores the urgent need for well designed prospective studies of people who use methamphetamine to accurately assess the epidemiology, clinical features, disease trajectory and outcomes of MethHF. Methamphetamine abstinence is an integral part of MethHF treatment; increased availability of effective non-pharmacological interventions for treatment of methamphetamine addiction is an essential first step. Availability of effective pharmacological treatment for methamphetamine addiction will further support MethHF treatment. Using harm reduction principles in an integrated addiction/HF treatment programme will bolster efforts to stem the increasing tide of MethHF.
The effects of nanoparticles as a biodiesel ingredient on the performance of a VCR diesel engine
Authors: Joy Nivin , Mariadhas Anish , Jayaraman Jayaprabakar , Venugopal Jayaprakash , Susmi Sahaya , Pensigamani Bency
Published: December 2022

The combustion, efficiency, and emission properties of a single-cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine were examined in this research (B100A30C30). To create a homogeneous solution, the ultrasonicator was used in conjunction with a 30 ppm concentration of silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes, two common nanoparticles found in fuel combinations. The increased mixing and chemical reactivity offered by nanoparticles' greater surface area to volume ratio during combustion improved the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines. The engine with nanoparticles (B20A30C30) had a thermal efficiency of braking that is 20% higher than the engine with regular particles (B100). Following that, nitrogen oxide emissions reduced by 38%, carbon monoxide emissions by 68%, hydrocarbon emissions by 52%, and smoke emissions by 48%.
$${\textbf{D}}$$-dimensional dyonic AdS black holes with quasi-topological electromagnetism in Einstein Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Sekhmani Yassine , Lekbich Hicham , El Boukili Abderrahman , Sedra Moulay Brahim
Published: December 2022

Within Gauss–Bonnet gravity, we construct a solution endowed with dyonic matter fields in a higher dimension. The quasi-topological electromagnetism generates two kinds of contributions; one is the kinetic terms, and the second refers to the interactif terms. This overcomes the invariance topological problem. We investigate the thermodynamical proprieties of the obtained solution, namely,ADMmass, Hawking temperature, and entropy. To inspect the local stability, we examine the associated heat capacity. With regards to optical proprieties, we analyze the null geodesic in terms of the given parameter space. The shadow radius is a generating form with all the physical parameters that govern the shadow behavior. The study restricts only the taking of the effects of theDand$$\alpha $$αparameters. Finally, we examine the impact of the dimensionD,GBcoupling constant$$\alpha $$α, the cosmological constant$$\Lambda $$Λ, the electric$$q_e$$qe, the magnetic charge$$q_m$$qmand the coupling constant$$\beta $$βon the energy emission rate.
The impact of the National Science Foundation’s Innovation Corps (I-Corps) on academic innovation and entrepreneurship
Authors: Schultz Ivy , Blaho John A. , Becker Kurt H.
Published: December 2022

In 2011, the U.S. National Science Foundation created the Innovation Corps (I-Corps) program in an effort to explore ways to translate the results of the academic research the agency has funded into new products, processes, devices, or services and move them to the marketplace. The agency established a 3-tier structure to support the implementation of the I-Corps concept. Selected I-Corps teams consisting of the principal investigator, an entrepreneurial lead, and an industry mentor participate in a 7-week accelerated version of the Lean Launchpad methodology that was first developed by Steve Blank at Stanford University. Participating teams engage in talking to potential customers, partners, and competitors and address the challenges and the uncertainty of creating successful ventures. I-Corps sites were set up to promote selected aspects of innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems at the grantee institutions. I-Corps Regional Nodes were charged with recruiting I-Corps teams in a larger geographical area as well as stimulating a new culture of academic entrepreneurship in the institutions in their area of influence. This Topical Review describes the experiences and the impact of the New York City Regional Innovation Node, which is led by the City University of New York, in partnership with New York University and Columbia University.

Graphic abstract
Innermost stable circular orbit of spinning particles around a rotating black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Li Jie , Jiang Chunhua
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of spinning particles around a rotating black hole surrounded by the perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). The motion of spinning particles is derived by Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equation and the ISCO parameters are obtained by the radial effective potential. The effect of PFDM density parameter on the motion of spinning particles is analyzed. The results show that the effect of PFDM is nonlinear, and the radius of ISCO varies nonmonotonically with PFDM density parameter.
Development of RF-Photonic System for Automatic Targets’ Nonlinear Rotational/Flapping/Gliding Signatures Imaging Applications
Authors: Akhter Nargis , Kumawat Harish C. , Arockia Bazil Raj A
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, developing the radio frequency (RF)-photonic sensors suitable for several Defence and civil applications is emerging due to its various unique advantages. In today’s scientific world, the involvement of low radar cross-section (RCS) airspace targets, such as unman aerial vehicles, drones, mini-helicopters, ornithopters, bionic birds, etc., is more for the purpose of airspace traffic management/guidance, materials delivery, legal/illegal surveillance and Defence/offense applications. The detection and recognition of such targets using the conventional RF sensors (which process only the main Doppler) is almost impossible. Therefore, extracting the distinctive micro-Doppler (m-D) signatures of these low-RCS targets and using them to image/differentiate/recognize their postures become significant which is the main contribution in this paper. A C-band continuous wave RF-photonic sensor is developed and different low-RCS targets: 2/3 blades rotating propeller system (drones), cone like structure (warhead) and a bionic-bird (spy-bird); are operated in front of it. The different nonlinear postures, of these targets, covered in our experimental measurements are m-D extraction of a slowly moving propeller system, detection of back-and-forth movements of a rotational propeller system, discerning the moving and static rotational propeller systems, simultaneous extraction of m-D signatures of a rotational and moving targets and recognition of flapping/gliding motions of bionic-bird. The analysis and recognition of all these postures using the experimentally generated m-D signatures are described.
Beam Steering and Signal Amplification Through Feedforward Networks. Part I: Transmission
Authors: Levasseur Tyler , Palacios Antonio , Sharan Shashwat , In Visarath
Published: December 2022

Conventional and modern methods for beam steering in antennas and radar systems have one goal in common: to manipulate the phase shift between oscillating components, so that the direction of a radiating intensity pattern can be controlled. Typical components include arrays of nonlinear oscillators connected in a chain configuration. Modern methods for beam steering take advantage of the inherent nonlinearities of the individual components and of the collective dynamics of the array of oscillators to successfully manipulate phase shift. None of those methods include, however, signal amplification. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel array configuration: a feedforward network, which allows, simultaneously, for beam steering and signal amplification capabilities. We show that the amplitudes of certain bifurcating solutions in a feedforward network of nonlinear oscillators exhibit growth rates that are significantly larger than in other type of networks that operate near the onset of a Hopf bifurcation. Those branches of oscillations have the potential to lead to significant signal amplification of a radiating beam.
Ultradian Rhythmicity and Chaotic Behaviors in the Integrate-and-Fire Model of a Neuroendocrine System
Authors: Yamalova Diana R. , Abdirasulov Aitibek Z.
Published: December 2022

We consider a mathematical model for pulsatility in a neuroendocrine regulation system. The impulsive neural activity is modeled using an integrate-and-fire mechanism, applied to ensembles of hypothalamic neurons. The system generates a discrete impulse-to-impulse mapping that can be used to detect periodic and chaotic behaviors. The numerical study of this mapping is illustrated with bifurcation diagrams. In a wide range of the model’s parameters, transition to chaos through cascades of period-doubling bifurcations was found. Merging and expansion bifurcations were also revealed in the system.
A Disturbance Suppression Zeroing Neural Network for Robust Synchronization of Chaotic Systems and Its FPGA Implementation
Authors: Chen Weijie , Jin Jie , Chen Chaoyang , Yu Fei , Wang Chunhua
Published: December 2022

The synchronization of chaotic systems plays an extremely imperative and fundamental role in the fields of science and engineering. Notably, various external noise disturbances have a great impact on the synchronization of chaotic systems because chaotic systems are quite sensitive to the change of their initial values. Consequently, the robustness of chaotic system synchronization must be considered in practical applications. From this viewpoint, the present paper proposes a disturbance suppression zeroing neural network (DSZNN) for robust synchronization of chaotic and hyperchaotic systems, and the DSZNN is implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for further hardware validation. The distinctive features of the proposed DSZNN controller have the ability to suppress disturbance with faster convergent speed and higher accuracy compared with super-exponential zeroing neural network (SEZNN) and conventional zeroing neural network (CZNN). Moreover, theoretical analysis, comparative numerical simulations and hardware validations for the synchronization of a hyperchaotic system are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed DSZNN.
Existence and Generation Mechanisms of Strange Nonchaotic Attractors in Axially Accelerating Beam Systems
Authors: Yang Qiong , Li Denghui , Chu Yandong , Li Xianfeng , Grebogi Celso
Published: December 2022

The axially accelerating beam systems are widely used in engineering fields, which have abundant dynamical phenomena, though there are still very few results on the complex dynamics in such systems under quasiperiodic excitations. In this work, the Strange Nonchaotic Attractors (SNAs) in the quasiperiodic forced axially accelerating beam systems are studied. Several generation mechanisms (type-I intermittency, fractalization, torus collision) determining the transition routes from quasiperiodic attractors (torus attractors) to SNAs are established. The strange properties are verified by phase portraits, rational approximations, power spectra and so on, while the nonchaotic properties are checked by Lyapunov exponents. These results reveal new dynamical phenomena of the axially accelerating beam systems.
Odd and Even Functions in the Design Problem of New Chaotic Attractors
Authors: Belozyorov Vasiliy Ye. , Volkova Svetlana A.
Published: December 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a chaotic attractor generated by a quadratic system of ordinary differential equations [Formula: see text]. A method for constructing new chaotic attractors based on the attractor [Formula: see text] is proposed. The idea of the method is to replace the state vector [Formula: see text] located on the right side of the original system with new vector [Formula: see text]; where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are odd power functions; [Formula: see text]. (In other words, a state feedback [Formula: see text] is introduced into the right side of the system under study: [Formula: see text].) As a result, the newly obtained system generates new chaotic attractors, which are topologically not equivalent (generally speaking) to the attractor [Formula: see text]. In addition, for an antisymmetric neural ODE system with a homoclinic orbit connected at a saddle point, the conditions for the occurrence of chaotic dynamics are found.
Do Mutual Funds Reward Downside Risk? Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Agarwal Pankaj K. , Pradhan H. K.
Published: December 2022

The increasing participation of retail investors — generally having limited risk bearing ability — in mutual funds, has surprisingly not motivated rigorous examination of downside risks-forward return relationship of these funds, which this study aims to accomplish.

We use a survivorship-bias free database of returns and portfolio holdings of Indian equity mutual funds covering the period April 2008–November 2018 with Cornish–Fisher expansion of Value-at-Risk (VaR) as a measure of downside risk to examine downside risk-forward return relationship controlling for the fund characteristics such as age, size and style. To complete the story, we also test for the presence of Downside Risk Timing (DRT) ability of fund managers.

We find that downside risk does predict future returns of mutual funds and the result holds across different fund sizes, age and styles, particularly strongly in large and midcap style. We also find that the fund manager of the median fund exhibits positive DRT at the 1- and 6-month horizons and negative at the 3- and 12-month horizons. The mixed evidence on DRT suggests that fund managers either did not possess the requisite risk-timing ability or had failed in its application. Findings have important implications for both investors and fund managers.
A Study on the Current Situation, Problems and Responsive Measures of Building China’s National Carbon Market
Authors: XIA Yingzhe , FENG Chao , YUAN Xiaohua
Published: December 2022

Carbon emissions trading is a major innovation in the practice of using market mechanism to control and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote green and low-carbon development. It is an important way to achieve China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals (the “dual carbon” goals) at a relatively low cost. Starting late and having gone through three development stages, China’s national carbon market has entered a new stage. However, given the problems such as incomplete institutional, regulatory and carbon emissions verification systems, less balanced and vibrant market, limited transaction entities and trading products, and lack of voice due to insufficient participation in relevant international affairs, continuous efforts are still required to further improve this market by deepening reform, strengthening capacity building and increasing international cooperation.
Research on Strategies of Synchronous Interaction Hybrid Basic Sports and University Education Interaction Model Based on SERVQUAL Model
Authors: Chang Zhili
Published: December 2022

Promoting the balanced development of regional basic education and finally realizing education equity is an important task for my country's current educational development. To this end, the balanced development of informatization and basic education has carried out experiments and practical explorations of informatization to promote the balanced development of regional basic education. Through synchronized interactive hybrid classrooms, the sharing of high-quality urban teachers to rural teaching sites has helped them to implement national regulations. Course. Using the SERVQUAL model for data analysis, synchronous interactive hybrid classrooms, as a new form of high-quality teacher sharing, are of great significance to promoting the balanced development of basic education in my country. It has attracted great attention from education researchers and is considered to be a solution area. Effective means for the problem of imbalanced sex education resources. Therefore, the VR teaching experience, the use of wearable sports equipment, the construction of a physical education network platform, and the four basic sports professional courses of physical education and university education interactive strategies are proposed, and the effects of the interactive strategies are analyzed. The experimental results show that the students' evaluation of the traditional basic physical education teaching mode is low, and the score is basically below 5 points. After the interaction between basic physical education and university education when applying the SERVQUAL model, the VR teaching experience strategy has a significant impact on basic physical education. VR teaching experience strategy basic physical education students achieve a score of 10, and their interest has increased by 34%. Sports performance under this interactive strategy increased by 51%. The strategy of interaction between basic physical education and university education has increased students' interest in basic physical education courses, improved students' performance in basic physical education courses, and promoted the development of physical education to a certain extent.
Global Filter: Augmenting Images to Support Seeing the “Big Picture” for People with Local Interference
Authors: Boyd LouAnne E. , Johnson Jazette , Cibrian Franceli , Hughes Deanna , Delpizzo-Cheng Eliza , Lotich Karen , Jones Sara , Pass Hollis , Sean Viseth , Hayes Gillian
Published: December 2022

Some neurodivergent people prioritize visual details over the “big picture”. While excellent attention to detail has many advantages, some contexts require the rapid integration of global and local information. A local processing style can be so strong that local details interfere with the fluid integration of global information required for processing of information rapidly displayed on user interfaces. This disconnect between context of an interaction and processing style can be termed local interference. Personalization of visual stimuli can promote a more accessible computing experience. We describe how technological interventions can support shifting of visual attention from local to global features to make them more accessible. We present two empirical studies. One study with one autistic adult revealed a significant shift in eye gaze fixation, and the other study with 20 autistic children revealed filters that visually emphasize primary aspects encouraged more global comments about the image content.
Immutability and Encapsulation for Sound OO Information Flow Control
Authors: Runge Tobias , Servetto Marco , Potanin Alex , Schaefer Ina
Published: December 2022

Security-critical software applications contain confidential information which has to be protected from leaking to unauthorized systems. With language-based techniques, the confidentiality of applications can be enforced. Such techniques are for example type systems that enforce an information flow policy through typing rules. The precision of such type systems, especially in object-oriented languages, is an area of active research: an appropriate system should not reject too many secure programs while soundly preserving noninterference. In this work, we introduce the language SIFO which supports information flow control for an object-oriented language with type modifiers. Type modifiers increase the precision of the type system by utilizing immutability and uniqueness properties of objects for the detection of information leaks. We present SIFO informally by using examples to demonstrate the applicability of the language, formalize the type system, prove noninterference, implement SIFO as a pluggable type system in the programming language L42, and evaluate it with a feasibility study and a benchmark.