bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of groundwater quality using an integration of water quality index, artificial intelligence methods and GIS: Case study, Central Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Authors: Taşan Sevda
Published: November 2022

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources in the world and is widely used for irrigation purposes. Groundwater quality is affected by various natural heterogeneities and anthropogenic activities. Consequently, monitoring groundwater quality and assessing its suitability are crucial for sustainable agricultural irrigation. In this study, the suitability of groundwater for irrigation was determined by using sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly index (KI), percentage of sodium (Na%), magnesium ratio (MR), potential salinity (PS) and permeability index (PI). The groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 37 different sampling stations for this purpose. Along with suitability analysis, artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were used to predict irrigation water quality parameters. The models were evaluated by comparing the measured values and the predicted values using the statistical criteria [coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NS)]. In the estimation of all irrigation water quality parameters, the ANN model has performed much higher compared with the ANFIS model. Spatial distribution maps were generated for measured and ANN model-estimated irrigation water quality indices using the IDW interpolation method. Spatial distributions of groundwater quality indices revealed that MR was higher than the allowable limits in most of the study areas and the other quality criteria were within the permissible limits. It has been determined that the interpolation maps obtained as a result of artificial intelligence methods have appropriate sensitivity when compared with the observed maps. Based on the present findings, ANN models could be used as an efficient tool for estimating groundwater quality indices in unsampled sections of the study area and the other regions with similar conditions.
Potable water production from ambient moisture
Authors: Şenol Ramazan , Salman Osamah , Kaya Zekeriya
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, with the rapid increase in world population, potable water shortage has started to create serious problems. Many factors such as increased water consumption, environmental problems and climate change cause the decrease in potable water resources. In this study, a fully automatic system which produces water from ambient humidity developed to provide solutions especially in areas where access to clean and potable water resources is difficult. Moisture and salt are used for raw material. CaCl2 salt is not very good for moisture absorption, but when compared with other salts, it can provide a great advantage under human health and cost. The machine is also reinforced with electrical equipment and measures the ambient temperature, pressure values and humidity, consumed energy and prints it on the memory card (SD card) in real time. While the system is running, it can be controlled and read over the phone. Experiments have been carried out and the changes in the amount of water produced and the amount of salt consumed depending on the ambient humidity and temperature have been investigated. The amount of energy consumed by the system was also analyzed. It was observed that the amount of water produced was directly proportional to the ambient humidity.
Sustainable Diets and Cancer: a Systematic Review
Authors: Karavasiloglou Nena , Pannen Sarah T. , Jochem Carmen , Kuhn Tilman , Rohrmann Sabine
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

This review aimed to investigate the association of sustainable diets in relation to cancer risk, cancer recurrence, and cancer-specific mortality in adults.

Recent Findings

More than 500 articles were initially identified. Nine articles were eligible for inclusion, presenting data from 8 prospective cohort studies, conducted in Europe and the USA. The sustainability indicators investigated were greenhouse gas emissions, food biodiversity, land use, exposure to pesticides or organic food consumption, and the EAT-Lancet diet. One study reported a sustainability index that combined multiple sustainability indicators. A modest inverse association between higher adherence to sustainable diets and cancer incidence or cancer mortality was observed in most studies.

Summary

While sustainable diets may decrease cancer risk or mortality, the reviewed studies were heterogeneous regarding sustainability indicators and cancer outcomes. A common definition of dietary sustainability would facilitate better generalization of future research findings. Also, studies among non-western populations are needed.
A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Non-surgical Weight Management for Adults with Severe Obesity: What is Cost Effective and What are the Implications for the Design of Health Services?
Authors: Jacobsen Elisabet , Boyers Dwayne , Manson Paul , Avenell Alison
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) increases premature mortality and reduces quality-of-life. Obesity-related disease (ORD) places substantial burden on health systems. This review summarises the cost-effectiveness evidence for non-surgical weight management programmes (WMPs) for adults with severe obesity.

Recent Findings

Whilst evidence shows bariatric surgery is often cost-effective, there is no clear consensus on the cost-effectiveness of non-surgical WMPs.

Summary

Thirty-two studies were included. Most were short-term evaluations that did not capture the long-term costs and consequences of ORD. Decision models often included only a subset of relevant ORDs, and made varying assumptions about the rate of weight regain over time. A lack of sensitivity analyses limited interpretation of results. Heterogeneity in the definition of WMPs and usual care prevents formal evidence synthesis. We were unable to establish the most cost-effective WMPs. Addressing these limitations may help future studies provide more robust cost-effectiveness evidence for decision makers.
Effect of temperature variations in anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor: membrane fouling and microbial community dynamics assessment
Authors: Theuri S. , Gurung K. , Puhakka V. , Anjan D. , Sillanpaa M.
Published: November 2022

A single-stage anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AnFMBR) was applied to investigate the effects of temperature changes on membrane fouling while treating real municipal wastewater. The AnFMBR was operated at four temperature phases: 25 °C for 42 days, 20 °C for 20 days, 15 °C for 15 days, and at 10 °C for 15 days. The systems achieved a total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency of above 90% at all phases. As temperature decreased, accumulation of solids and possible incomplete hydrolysis led to an increase in TCOD and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the reactor. However, as temperature reduced to 10 °C, VFAs in the reactor reduced probably an indication of reactors adaptation. Total membrane filtration resistance gradually increased to 1.1 × 1011 m−1 from 2.1 × 1009 m−1 with a temperature decrease from 25 °C to 10 °C. This corresponded to a significant decrease in membrane permeability from 1.68 to 0.05 LMH/kpa. The protein fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was dominant in all phases, which was ascribed for significant membrane fouling causing permeability deterioration. Microbial richness and diversity analysis using next generation Ion torrent sequencing methods revealed that Proteobacteria phylum was most dominant at 25 °C, whereas Bacteroidetes, which are responsible for releasing proteinaceous EPS, were most dominant at low temperatures (15 °C and 10 °C), contributing to severe fouling. In conclusion, decrease in temperature did not affect the treatment efficiency but resulted in gradual increase in membrane fouling.
Playbook of Subnational Illiberalism: Autocrats Face the Opposition-led Local Governments
Authors: Begadze Mariam
Published: November 2022

Recognizing the growing tensions between autocrats in the center and opposition-led local governments in Hungary, Poland and Turkey since 2018–2019 local elections, the article contributes to existing literature on illiberal democracies with a subnational portion of illiberal playbook. Tactics identified through the detailed study of the European context and brief review of Latin American experience leaves us with the following categories in the playbook: abuse of (existing) supervisory and accountability mechanisms; generating of financial vulnerability; centralization (outright and indirect) and deconcentration. Each of these categories assemble various means evolving through application and reinterpretation of traditional rules pertaining to local government, as well as crisis-induced innovations. While the Polish account carries the optimism still that antecedent robust guarantees and popular support matter even when illiberals rule the center, the playbook proved successful in Hungary and Turkey. Although certain incrementalism stayed as the most vulnerable actors were the first victims of soon-to-be normalized measures, crisis in Hungary and Poland did stretch the limits to the point that ulterior motives of undermining opposition-led local governments became publicly observable. Reflecting on this phenomenon, in the end, the article poses a theoretical question whether such pretextual instrumentalization of law can itself be judicially manageable, at least in situations when clear political opponents are targeted.
Review on kinetic studies of α-hydroxy acids (glycolic, mandelic, citric, tartaric and malic) and some other organic compounds with water soluble nano particles of colloidal MnO2 in absence and presence of non-ionic surfactant (TX-100)
Authors: Iqubal S. M. Shakeel
Published: November 2022

This review paper deals with the kinetic studies of α-hydroxy acids (glycolic, mandelic, citric, tartaric, and malic) and some other organic compounds with water soluble nano particles of colloidal MnO2 in the aqueous and micellar media i.e., non- ionic surfactant (TX-100). The reaction has both non-autocatalytic and autocatalytic paths. Both in the absence and presence of non-ionic surfactant i.e., Triton X-100, first-order rate with respect to colloidal MnO2 and α-hydroxy acids is observed. Non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) catalyses the reaction due to multiple hydrogen bonding (intermolecular hydrogen bonding) whereas cationic CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) show no effect.
Writing about Discovery in the Early Modern East Indies
Authors: Ng Su Fang
Published: November 2022

Portuguese explorations opened the sea-route to Asia, bringing armed trading to the Indian Ocean. This Element examines the impact of the 1511 Portuguese conquest of the port-kingdom of Melaka on early travel literature. Putting into dialogue accounts from Portuguese, mestiço, and Malay perspectives, this study re-examines early modern 'discovery' as a cross-cultural trope. Trade and travel were intertwined while structured by religion. Rather than newness or wonder, Portuguese representations focus on recovering what is known and grafting Asian knowledges-including local histories-onto European epistemologies. Framing Portuguese rule as a continuation of the sultanate, they re-spatialize Melaka into a European city. However, this model is complicated by a second one of accidental discovery facilitated by native agents. For Malay texts too, travel traverses known routes and spaces. Malay travelers insert themselves into foreign spaces by forging new kinship alliances, even as indigenous networks were increasingly disrupted by European incursions.
Camering Fernand Deligny on Cinema and the Image
Authors: Miguel Marlon
Published: November 2022

Fernand Deligny (1913-1996), 'poet and ethologist', is mostly known for his work with autistic children and for his influence on the revolutions in French post-war psychiatry. Though neither director nor a theorist of the image, cinema is constantly called into his social, pedagogical, and clinical experimentations. More interested in the processes of making, he distinguishes 'camering' from filming, thus emphasizing not the finished film but a 'film to come'. This volume provides Deligny's essential corpus on cinema and the image. It shows both the role of cameras in many of his experimental 'attempts' with delinquents and autistic children and his highly speculative reflections on image.
Effective aero-optical suppression by steady wall blowing and wall suction schemes for supersonic turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Zou H. , Yang X.-L. , Sun X.-W. , Liu W. , Yang Q.
Published: November 2022

As a basic flow model for engineering applications, wall-bounded turbulent flow has been widely studied in the field of aero-optics, but the flow control methods that could effectively suppress aero-optical effects are relatively rare. As an urgent requirement in engineering application, the concept of the steady wall blowing and suction is proposed by the author. Firstly, the author briefly described the flow model and physical method. Secondly, the choice of disturbance type is given. Then, the results of wall blowing-suction, suction and blowing ways based on steady and unsteady disturbance are compared. Finally, it is concluded that employing the high steady wall blowing disturbance (A = 0.2) could realise aero-optical suppression by around 20%. Besides, the steady wall suction scheme contributes to about 70%–80% reduction effect within a wide amplitude range (A = 0.2–1.0), which suppresses this effect by maintaining laminar state downstream contrasted by the baseline case.
From Ideal Worlds to Ideality
Authors: WARMKE CRAIG
Published: November 2022

In common treatments of deontic logic, the obligatory is what is true in all deontically ideal possible worlds. In this article, I offer a new semantics for Standard Deontic Logic with Leibnizian intensions rather than possible worlds. Even though the new semantics furnishes models that resemble Venn diagrams, the semantics captures the strong soundness and completeness of Standard Deontic Logic. Since, unlike possible worlds, many Leibnizian intensions are not maximally consistent entities, we can amend the semantics to invalidate the inference rule which ensures that all tautologies are obligatory. I sketch this amended semantics to show how it invalidates the rule in a new way.
Modeling stratospheric polar vortex variation and identifying vortex extremes using explainable machine learning
Authors: Wu Zheng , Beucler Tom , Székely Enikő , Ball William T. , Domeisen Daniela I.V.
Published: November 2022

The winter stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) exhibits considerable variability in magnitude and structure, which can result in extreme SPV events. These extremes can subsequently influence weather in the troposphere from weeks to months and thus are important sources of surface predictability. However, the predictability of the SPV extreme events is limited to 1–2 weeks in state-of-the-art prediction systems. Longer predictability timescales of SPV would strongly benefit long-range surface prediction. One potential option for extending predictability timescales is the use of machine learning (ML). However, it is often unclear which predictors and patterns are important for ML models to make a successful prediction. Here we use explainable multiple linear regressions (MLRs) and an explainable artificial neural network (ANN) framework to model SPV variations and identify one type of extreme SPV events called sudden stratospheric warmings. We employ a NN attribution method to propagate the ANN’s decision-making process backward and uncover feature importance in the predictors. The feature importance of the input is consistent with the known precursors for extreme SPV events. This consistency provides confidence that ANNs can extract reliable and physically meaningful indicators for the prediction of the SPV. In addition, our study shows a simple MLR model can predict the SPV daily variations using sequential feature selection, which provides hints for the connections between the input features and the SPV variations. Our results indicate the potential of explainable ML techniques in predicting stratospheric variability and extreme events, and in searching for potential precursors for these events on extended-range timescales.
Market integration, income inequality, and kinship system among the Mosuo of China
Authors: Mattison Siobhán M. , MacLaren Neil , Sum Chun-Yi , Mattison Peter M. , Liu Ruizhe , Shenk Mary K. , Blumenfield Tami , Su Mingjie , Li Hui , Wander Katherine
Published: November 2022

Increased access to defensible material wealth is hypothesised to escalate inequality. Market integration, which creates novel opportunities in cash economies, provides a means of testing this hypothesis. Using demographic data collected from 505 households among the matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo in 2017, we test whether market integration is associated with increased material wealth, whether increased material wealth is associated with wealth inequality, and whether being in a matrilineal vs. patrilineal kinship system alters the relationship between wealth and inequality. We find evidence that market integration, measured as distance to the nearest source of tourism and primary source of household income, is associated with increased household income and ‘modern’ asset value. Both village-level market integration and mean asset value were associated negatively, rather than positively, with inequality, contrary to predictions. Finally, income, modern wealth and inequality were higher in matrilineal communities that were located closer to the centre of tourism and where tourism has long provided a relatively stable source of income. However, we also observed exacerbated inequality with increasing farm animal value in patriliny. We conclude that the forces affecting wealth and inequality depend on local context and that the importance of local institutions is obscured by aggregate statistics drawn from modern nation states.
The fundamental inequality for cocompact Fuchsian groups
Authors: Kosenko Petr , Tiozzo Giulio
Published: November 2022

We prove that the hitting measure is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure for random walks driven by finitely supported measures on cocompact, hyperelliptic Fuchsian groups. Moreover, the Hausdorff dimension of the hitting measure is strictly less than one. Equivalently, the inequality between entropy and drift is strict. A similar statement is proven for Coxeter groups.
Inclusions in ice layers formed by melting and refreezing processes in a Greenland ice core
Authors: Kawakami Kaoru , Iizuka Yoshinori , Matoba Sumito , Aoki Teruo , Ando Takuto
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, surface melting on the inland Greenland ice sheet has increased, leading to significant meltwater-refreezing in the snow and firn. Increased knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of these melt features (i.e., ice layers) is needed to help estimate future global sea-level rise. Here, using a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, we investigate the size, shape, location, and chemical compositions of inclusions in 12 ice layers of the SIGMA-A ice core in the northwestern Greenland ice sheet (78°03′06″N, 67°37′42″W, 1490 m a.s.l.). In the ice layers, we found inclusions exceeding 30 μm diameter that could only be formed by melting–refreezing, which we classify into columnar-, particle-, and rod-like inclusions. We propose that the smaller columnar- and particle-like inclusions of solid Na2SO4⋅10H2O and CaSO4⋅2H2O form first, within the ice grains, followed by the larger rod-like inclusions of brines with mainly Na+and Cl−in grain boundaries. Our results suggest a new proxy that may help identify past warm climates in deeper ice cores in Greenland and for studying future ice sheet melting behavior.
The dysfunction of hormone-sensitive lipase induces lipid deposition and reprogramming of nutrient metabolism in fish
Authors: Wang Jin-Gang , Zhao Si-Han , Qian Yu-Cheng , Qian Yi-Fan , Liu Yi-Chan , Qiao Fang , Luo Yuan , Zhang Mei-Ling , Du Zhen-Yu
Published: November 2022

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the rate-determining enzymes in the hydrolysis of TAG, playing a crucial role in lipid metabolism. However, the role of HSL-mediated lipolysis in systemic nutrient homoeostasis has not been intensively understood. Therefore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technique and Hsl inhibitor (HSL-IN-1) to establish hsla-deficient (hsla-/-) and Hsl-inhibited zebrafish models, respectively. As a result, the hsla-/- zebrafish showed retarded growth and reduced oxygen consumption rate, accompanied with higher mRNA expression of the genes related to inflammation and apoptosis in liver and muscle. Furthermore, hsla-/- and HSL-IN-1-treated zebrafish both exhibited severe fat deposition, whereas their expressions of the genes related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation were markedly reduced. The TLC results also showed that the dysfunction of Hsl changed the whole-body lipid profile, including increasing the content of TG and decreasing the proportion of phospholipids. In addition, the systemic metabolic pattern was remodelled in hsla-/- and HSL-IN-1-treated zebrafish. The dysfunction of Hsl lowered the glycogen content in liver and muscle and enhanced the utilisation of glucose plus the expressions of glucose transporter and glycolysis genes. Besides, the whole-body protein content had significantly decreased in the hsla-/- and HSL-IN-1-treated zebrafish, accompanied with the lower activation of the mTOR pathway and enhanced protein and amino acid catabolism. Taken together, Hsl plays an essential role in energy homoeostasis, and its dysfunction would cause the disturbance of lipid catabolism but enhanced breakdown of glycogen and protein for energy compensation.
Evaluation of the impact of hydrogen-rich water on the quality attribute notes of butter
Authors: Ceylan M. Murat , Bulut Menekşe , Alwazeer Duried , Koyuncu Mubin
Published: November 2022

The effects of washing raw butter with hydrogen-rich water (HRW), prepared with hydrogen (H2) and/or magnesium (Mg), on butter quality were investigated in this research paper. During the washing process, titratable acidity (TA) decreased by 12% for all washed samples. During the storage period, TA increased by 28% and 93% (control), 14% and 58% (H2), and 10% and 66% (Mg) for the 60thand 90thdays, respectively. Peroxide value (mEq O2/kg) increased to 2.76 and 8.83 (control), 1.92 and 7.25 (H2), and 2.02 and 8.12 (Mg) for the 60thand 90thdays. HRW samples showed the lowest acid degree value (ADV) and the highest color notes (L*, C*, and h). The HRW treatment of raw butter has shown improving effects on the product without any harmful residuals in the final product or the environment.
A review of bovine colostrum preservation techniques
Authors: Denholm Katharine
Published: November 2022

Preservation of colostrum for neonatal dairy calves has seldom been seldom in recent years, much of the peer reviewed literature having been published in the 1970s and 1980s. First milking colostrum is high in bioactive immune enhancers such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrins, lysozymes and cytokines and is vital to confer passive immunity to newborn dairy calves to promote their health, welfare and future productivity. Bovine colostrum is advisedly restricted from the bulk milk supply for the first 8 milkings post calving due to high somatic cell counts and the risk of antimicrobial residues. As such, many producers refer to ‘colostrum’ as not only the first milking post calving, but also the aformentioned ‘transition’ milk. Colostrum is preserved in order to protect supply for feeding when production may be poor or where there is a glut of colostrum such as in seasonal calving systems. There are multiple reasons for newborn calves not to have access to their dam's colostrum, including multiple births, acute mastitis or maladapted maternal behaviour, especially in first lactation heifers. Shortages in colostrum may also be precipitated by purposeful discarding of colostrum from cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and Mycoplasma bovis. Broadly, colostrum may be preserved using low temperature (refrigeration or freezing) or chemical preservatives. The aim of this scoping review article was to identify options for preservation and gaps in research and to propose best practice for colostrum preservation.
Unsupervised discovery of nonlinear plasma physics using differentiable kinetic simulations
Authors: Joglekar Archis S. , Thomas Alexander G.R.
Published: November 2022

Plasma supports collective modes and particle–wave interactions that lead to complex behaviour in, for example, inertial fusion energy applications. While plasma can sometimes be modelled as a charged fluid, a kinetic description is often crucial for studying nonlinear effects in the higher-dimensional momentum–position phase space that describes the full complexity of the plasma dynamics. We create a differentiable solver for the three-dimensional partial-differential equation describing the plasma kinetics and introduce a domain-specific objective function. Using this framework, we perform gradient-based optimization of neural networks that provide forcing function parameters to the differentiable solver given a set of initial conditions. We apply this to an inertial-fusion-relevant configuration and find that the optimization process exploits a novel physical effect.
Preventing the political manipulation of Covid-19 statistics: The importance of going beyond diplomatic language
Authors: Billig Michael , Marinho Cristina
Published: November 2022

This article examines how the political manipulation of Covid-19 statistics was opposed in 2020. It does this by studying in detail the language used in a public exchange of letters in the UK. The exchange was between the chair of the United Kingdom Statistics Authority (UKSA), a statutory body to prevent statistical malpractice, and the Minister of Health, who had been manipulating Covid statistics. The exchange reflects the greater power of the government minister. Initially, the UKSA chair used diplomatic language, marked by paratactic constructions, unspecified arguments, and impersonal structures that did not threaten the minister's face. The minister ignored these and the UKSA chair had to go beyond diplomatic language by re-specifying his arguments and upgrading his critical terminology. Only by catching the press's attention did the chair succeed in making the minister rectify, at least partially, the manipulated statistics. Implications for understanding today's political values are discussed. (Opposing statistical manipulation, manipulating Covid statistics, diplomatic language, parataxis and hypotaxis)
Semiotic timescapes
Authors: Lazar Michelle M.
Published: November 2022

In linguistic/semiotic landscape (LSL) studies, overall, time and temporalities have occupied a curious space between visibility and invisibility, resulting in time and temporalities being treated as an optional, additive, subordinate, or separate dimension in the linguistic and semiotic study of place-making. The term semiotic timescape serves as a heuristic concept which endeavours to centre time and its imbrication with space/place, with an explicit focus on the semiosis of ‘temporalized place-making’. The five articles in this special issue highlight the ‘complex and multiplex’ dimensions of time (Adam 2008) interconnected with spaces/places, as important aspects in understanding social realities and practices, via entanglements with multimodal meaning-making, materialities, embodiment, and politics of social actors and communities. (Semiotic timescapes, interconnectedness of time and space, complexities and multiplexities, multimodality, materialities)*
Analysing the travel behaviour of older adults: what are the determinants of sustainable mobility?
Authors: Ozbilen Basar , Akar Gulsah , White Katie , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Cao Qiuchang
Published: November 2022

In recent years, various authorities launched projects that aim to make their cities more age-friendly. Designing age-friendly cities is a complex and context-dependent process that requires clear implementation guidelines for policy makers. As one of the eight domains of age-friendly cities, transportation is a critical component of making our cities more liveable for older adults and their families. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the travel behaviour of older adults with a focus on the factors that lead to sustainable mobility patterns. Our empirical analysis is based on survey data collected from 1,221 older adults as part of the Age-Friendly Columbus project in Columbus, Ohio in the United States of America. We develop multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the travel mode choices of older adults (auto only, non-auto options only and multimodal (auto and at least one non-auto option)). We include age and built environment characteristics as the key variables, with lifestyle-related factors and socio-demographics as controls in our analysis. We find older respondents were more likely to use autos only compared to younger respondents. Our analysis also reveals significant associations between built environment characteristics and travel mode choices. Interaction effects show that the relationships between built environment characteristics and travel preferences differed by age cohorts among older individuals. The primary contribution of this study is that it provides evidence on what built environmental improvements help to promote sustainable travel among older adults in mid-sized and auto-dependent metropolitan cities. We argue that these improvements contribute to older adults' sustainable mobility, as well as out-of-home activity behaviour, social engagement and individual health. The results of this study may especially benefit non-driver older adults who lack reliable non-auto alternatives for their daily travel.
OWL ontology evolution: understanding and unifying the complex changes
Authors: Torres da Silva Viviane , dos Santos Jéssica Soares , Thiago Raphael , Soares Elton , Guerreiro Azevedo Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Knowledge-based systems and their ontologies evolve due to different reasons. Ontology evolution is the adaptation of an ontology and the propagation of these changes to dependent artifacts such as queries and other ontologies. Besides identifying basic/simple changes, it is imperative to identify complex changes between two versions of the same ontology to make this adaptation possible. There are many definitions of complex changes applied to ontologies in the literature. However, their specifications across works vary both in formalization and textual description. Some works also use different terminologies to refer to a change, while others use the same vocabulary to refer to distinct changes. Therefore, there is a lack of a unified list of complex changes. The main goals of this paper are: (i) present the primary documents that identify complex changes; (ii) provide critical analyses about the set of the complex changes proposed in the literature and the documents mentioning them; (iii) provide a unified list of complex changes mapping different sets of complex changes proposed by several authors; (iv) present a classification for those complex changes; and (v) describe some open directions of the area. The mappings between the complex changes provide a mechanism to relate and compare different proposals. The unified list is thus a reference for the complex changes published in the literature. It may assist the development of tools to identify changes between two versions of the same ontology and enable the adaptation of artifacts that depend on the evolved ontology.
High-metabolism Infrastructure and the Scrap Industry in Urban China
Authors: Liebman Adam
Published: November 2022

Rapid urbanization in 21st-century China has been fraught with contested demolition, overdevelopment and shoddy infrastructure with short lifespans. By viewing this infrastructure as having “high metabolism” and examining the urban scrap trade that is fuelled by its material outputs, this article challenges a common assumption that such a form of urbanization is merely wasteful and problematic. Crucially, such urbanization also puts rural migrants and scrap into motion in a way that helps to reproduce its form. This occurs by generating socio-material nodes of scrap trading wherein migrants make the most of temporarily stable situations with entrepreneurialism. The nodes are spaces of “suspension” shaped by challenges including cheap rental housing that is often targeted for demolition and frequent harassment from the authorities. However, the challenges do not prevent scrap traders from caring for kin, attending to human sentiments and sometimes achieving social mobility.
Materializing the digital landscape: the cinema–ecology complex and Chinese fantasy media
Authors: Tan Jia
Published: November 2022

Contemporary cinema and media studies are marked by a materialist turn that highlights material elements, such as objects, non-human agencies, the environment and places on and off screen, as well as the materiality of media productions and consumption. This article expands on the important scholarship of “materialist” media studies as well as existing ecocinema scholarship by stressing the materiality of digital landscapes in contemporary Chinese fantasy (orqihuanandxuanhuan) film and television works that have gained significant popularity in China and Hong Kong. Specifically, this article examines the animist landscape in film and television adaptions ofEternal Love, a fantasy romance television serial that loosely draws on Daoist mythology. Focusing on the material aspects of digital landscapes of Chinese fantasy cinema, the article develops the notion of the “cinema–ecology complex” to address the materiality of digital landscapes, the cinematic footprint of digitally enhanced landscapes through location shooting and the consumption of landscapes as scenic spots, includingdakapractices, in film studio cities and related film-induced tourism. Ultimately, this article calls for a textual–infrastructural approach in cinema and media studies, which tends to reorient to the infrastructural aspects of media production, distribution and consumption.
Embedding the silver thread in all-age psychological services: training and supervising younger therapists to deliver CBT for anxiety or depression to older people with multi-morbidity
Authors: Charlesworth Georgina
Published: November 2022

Providers of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in adult mental health services in the UK are expected to deliver therapy suitable for adults of all ages. However, older people commonly present with co-morbidities that challenge delivery of single-diagnosis CBT protocols. Added to this, the difference in age between therapy-provider and service-user can compromise collaboration. In this paper, I consider two key areas of relevance for training and supervising CBT therapists for work with older people, namely multi-morbidities and intergenerational relations. The evolving evidence base for CBT with older people is summarised and a commentary provided on previous ‘old age’ case studies from the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (tCBT). Strategies for collaborative relationships are discussed, as are strategies for ‘embedding the silver thread’. I conclude with recommendations for future directions for CBT training and supervision.

Key learning aims

(1)

To be aware that any differences in working with older people are not due to age per se, but factors such as cohort differences and multi-morbidity.

(2)

To reflect on case examples of CBT with older people.

(3)

To learn strategies for developing collaborative relationships across an intergenerational divide.
Addressing the accountability void: War crimes against persons with disabilities
Authors: Pons William I. , Lord Janet E. , Stein Michael Ashley
Published: November 2022

Academics rarely raise the need to consider persons with disabilities when preventing, investigating and prosecuting international humanitarian law (IHL) violations. Worse still, no actual attempts have been made to include a disability perspective into practical guidance and monitoring mechanisms. This article addresses that void by laying out how existing yet unutilized IHL obligations can be leveraged to repress and suppress disability-based IHL violations. In doing so, the article will detail how fact-finding approaches, criminal investigative processes and reporting methods for IHL violations can be inclusive of persons with disabilities and thus more appropriately address the endemic under-representation of a disability perspective in the planning and execution of military operations during armed conflict and the specific crimes they thereby suffer. Additionally, this article will articulate concrete changes that should be made to international criminal law procedures for prosecuting war crimes to provide recognition and accountability for disability-based IHL violations, as has been done for violations against women and children. Finally, this article will diagnose the state of the law to address any legal challenges or hurdles that may hamper the inclusion of a disability perspective in fulfilling the IHL obligation to reduce and address violations of humanitarian law.
Can Nature Hold Rights? It's Not as Easy as You Think
Authors: Kurki Visa A.J.
Published: November 2022

The Rights of Nature movement has recently achieved significant successes in using legal personhood as a tool for environmental protection. Perhaps most famously, the Whanganui River in Aotearoa New Zealand was accorded legal personhood in 2017. These kinds of development have attracted plenty of scholarly interest, but few have scrutinized a foundational underlying question: Can natural areas, such as rivers, or other non-sentient natural entities actually be legal persons?

The case of the Whanganui River is an example of the direct legal personhood model: it purports to grant legal rights to the river directly. Some other jurisdictions have set up legal persons to administer rivers, without declaring the rivers themselves to be legal persons: the indirect legal personhood model. This article offers legal-philosophical arguments for why legal personhood cannot be attributed to rivers directly.

Normally, legal persons can hold claim-rights and be legally wronged. Some legal persons, such as human adults, can also be held legally responsible and exercise legal competences by entering into contracts. Natural entities cannot do any of these things. Hence, they cannot be legal persons directly; rather, their putative direct legal personhood will collapse into indirect legal personhood. Hence, treating natural entities as direct legal persons amounts only to a legal fiction. Such fictions may be justified for symbolic reasons. However, if environmental protection requires setting up a legal person to protect a natural entity, such protection in most cases can be realized without claiming that the natural entity itself would have become a legal person.
A narrative review of sleep deprivation in ultra-endurance cycling
Authors: Smith Alexander , Buadze Anna , Colangelo Jill , Liebrenz Michael
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Introduction: The popularity of ultra-endurance cycling is increasing. Amongst race participants, sleep deprivation and periods of intermittent or acutely short sleep are common. Scientific research has typically focussed on the physiological or competitive performance based impact of these sleep-related paradigms. However, there is limited evidence about the mental health effects of sleep patterns in ultra-endurance cycling, despite established links between sleep deprivation and psychiatric and psychological issues. Methods: We conducted a narrative review synthesising extant empirical literature about sleep deprivation in ultra-endurance cycling. Results: Based on our search criteria, seven papers were identified discussing sleep patterns in ultra-endurance races. Each of these indicate that sleep deprivation is a prominent aspect of ultra-endurance competitions, with varying implications for riders. Discussion: Using these findings, we highlight the possible mental health consequences of sleep deprivation in these races, with reference to general scientific literature and other ultra-endurance sports. We also advocate for increased knowledge exchanges, regulatory emphasis, and additional research. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation and extreme sleep patterns are a substantial issue in elite-level cycling competitions, raising potential mental health concerns. More attention to this topic is necessary amongst organisers, participants, researchers, and community-level platforms, like the Global Cycling Network.
Fragen und Antworten zur Logopädieprüfung:
Authors: Eichel Hans Werner
Published: November 2022

Für alle Logopäd_innen, klinische Linguist_innen und Sprachheilpädagog_innen ist es auch in der 3. Auflage das optimale Werkzeug, um sich auf die Prüfung in den medizinischen Fächern vorzubereiten. Es enthält Fragen und Antworten zu den prüfungsrelevanten Inhalten von: 
•Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde 
•Phoniatrie 
•Audiologie und Pädaudiologie 
•Neurologie und Psychiatrie 
Die 3. Auflage ist vollständig überarbeitet und erweitert: 
•Teil 1: HNO-Heilkunde: Aktualisierung der therapeutischen Hinweise 
•Teil 2: Phoniatrie: Aufnahme neuer Störungsbilder und neuer Therapieformen, Berücksichtigung neuer Leitlinien und Definitionen 
•Teil 4: Neurologie und Psychiatrie Aufnahme von Fragen zur Kinderpsychiatrie/Kinderneurologie 
•Querverweise zwischen den einzelnen Kapiteln 
•Hinweise auf Zugehörigkeit zu den einzelnen Prüfungsteilen •Berücksichtigung neuer Definitionen nach den Leitlinien der AVWS 
•Fragen zu Anatomie und Physiologie, die nach der LogAPrO innerhalb der klinischen Fächer geprüft werden sollen 
Auch die Prüfer_innen und Dozent_innen an den Berufsfachschulen nutzen das Buch zur Prüfungsvorbereitung oder als Repetitorium wie auch zur Anregung, Fragen für Klausuren und mündliche Prüfungen zu entwickeln. 
Der Autor Dr. med. Hans Werner Eichel ist seit 2007 als fachärztlicher Leiter und Dozent an der Logopädieschule -Baden-Baden tätig. Er ist Facharzt für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde sowie Stimm- und Sprachstörungen in Baden-Baden. Bereits während seiner klinisch-phoniatrischen Tätigkeit befasste er sich mit der Ausbildung von angehenden Logopädinnen und Logopäden.
Homeoffice
Authors: Zeschke Martin , Zacher Hannes
Published: November 2022

Das Thema Homeoffice ist aus dem Arbeitsalltag vieler Menschen und Unternehmen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Dieses Buch richtet sich an Führungskräfte, Teams, Unternehmen und Beschäftigte – auch jene, die das Homeoffice bisher (noch) nicht nutzen. Es hilft seinen Leserinnen und Lesern dabei, das volle Potenzial von Homeoffice auszuschöpfen und mögliche Risiken zu minimieren.
Mit dem Begriff „Homeoffice“ wird in diesem Band eine Mischform aus mobiler Arbeit und Telearbeit bezeichnet, wobei der Fokus auf der gelegentlichen Bildschirmarbeit in den privaten Wohnräumen von Beschäftigten liegt. Basierend auf dem aktuellen Forschungsstand werden Erfolgsfaktoren für das Gelingen von Homeoffice identifiziert und praktische Handlungsempfehlungen für alle Beteiligten abgeleitet. Fallbeispiele und ein Workshopkonzept zur erfolgreichen (Wieder-)Einführung von Homeoffice ermöglichen Best-Practice-Umsetzungen in Unternehmen.
Das Buch liefert Antworten auf eine Vielzahl von Fragen, zum Beispiel: Wie sieht es derzeit mit Homeoffice im deutschsprachigen Raum aus? Welche Vor- und Nachteile bringt Homeoffice für Beschäftigte, Führungskräfte, Teams und Organisationen mit sich? Was muss getan werden, damit Homeoffice gelingt? Was müssen alle Beteiligten beachten, wenn Beschäftigte zu Hause arbeiten? Wie müssen Führungskräfte Teams managen, die teils im Büro, teils zu Hause arbeiten? Wie können mögliche negative Effekte verhindert, abgemildert oder ausgeglichen werden? Welche Voraussetzungen müssen Beschäftigte, Führungskräfte, Teams und Unternehmen erfüllen, um Homeoffice erfolgreich einzusetzen? Wie sollten Teams und Führungskräfte mit Beschäftigten umgehen, die nicht im Homeoffice arbeiten können – oder wollen?
Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR): A Low‐Cost Water‐Level Monitoring System Based on GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry
Authors: Karegar Makan A. , Kusche Jürgen , Geremia‐Nievinski Felipe , Larson Kristine M.
Published: November 2022

Although reflectometry is not the primary application of Global Positioning System (GPS) and similar Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), fast‐growing GNSS tracking networks has led to the emergence of GNSS interferometric reflectometry technique for monitoring surface changes such as water level. However, scientific‐grade or geodetic GNSS instruments are expensive, which is a limiting factor for their prompt and more widespread deployment as a dedicated environmental sensor. We present a prototype called Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR) that includes a low‐cost and low‐maintenance single‐frequency GPS module and a navigation antenna connected to an inexpensive Raspberry Pi microcomputer. A unit has been successfully operating for almost 2 years since March 2020 in Wesel (Germany) next to the Rhine river. Sub‐daily and daily water levels are retrieved using spectral analysis of reflection data. The river level measurements from RPR are compared with a co‐located river gauge. We find an Root‐Mean‐Square Error (RMSE) of 7.6 cm in sub‐daily estimates and 6 cm in daily means of river level. In August 2021, we changed the antenna orientation from upright to sideways facing the river. The RMSE reduced to 3 cm (sub‐daily) and 1.5 cm (daily) with the new orientation. While satellite radar altimetry techniques have been utilized to monitor water levels with global coverage, their measurements are associated with moderate uncertainties and temporal resolution. Therefore, such low‐cost and high‐precision instruments can be paired with satellite data for calibrating, validating and modeling purposes. These instruments are financially (<US$ 150 as of November 2021) and technically accessible worldwide.
Ecological Response to Climate Change Across China From Combined Soil Temperature and Moisture Changes
Authors: Li Mingxing , Ma Zhuguo , Wu Peili , Liu Jiandong , Lv Meixia , Yang Qing , Han Yunhuan
Published: November 2022

A coupled soil temperature (ST) and moisture (SM) balance reflects a synthetic climate regime, having huge ecological impacts. This paper used ST and SM data from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts climate reanalysis‐Land and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and leaf area index (LAI) data from the Global Land Surface Satellite Product Suite. The focus was on understanding joint ST‐SM changes and the resulting ecological response across China. The results show that during 2000–2020, 24.5% of the land area in China experienced a warming‐drying trend resulting in a 9.7% LAI decrease, while 6.4% of the area experienced a warming‐wetting trend leading to an 8.6% LAI increase. During 2015–2100, 30.6% of the land area in China will be warmer and drier, while 55.2% of the area will be warmer but wetter across three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, 245, and 585). Superimposed on the long‐term trends, there are also significant spatiotemporal variabilities in ST and SM on annual to decadal timescales. The LAI also showed substantial short‐term fluctuations in both typical regions and ecosystems despite consistent long‐term increases. Our findings suggest that ecosystems could be impaired on annual to decadal scales by adverse soil conditions in the twenty‐first century, but in terms of long‐term trends, ecosystems may be resilient partly because of the compensating effects of global warming and regional hydrological changes. Impact studies should thus focus more on annual to decadal soil‐ecosystem anomalous events.