bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 429: Tnf Receptor-1 Dictates Life/death Decisions of Auto-reactive T-lymphocytes During Heart Failure
Authors: NEHRA SARITA , Rosenzweig Rachel , Bermeo-Blanco Oscar , BECK ERIC X , Weisleder Noah L , Gumina Richard J , Bansal Shyam S
Published: October 2020

Ischemic heart failure (HF) results in the activation of self-reactive CD4+ T-lymphocytes against unknown cardiac antigens. The mechanisms that mediate the survival of self-reactive T-cells during ischemic HF are not known. TNF mediated NF-kB signaling regulates cellular apoptotic pathways and T cells express high levels of TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) during chronic heart failure. Thus, we hypothesized that TNFR1 regulates pro-apoptotic signaling through NF-kB and is critical for the clearance of self-reactive T-cells during HF. To test this, male WT or TNFR1
-/-
mice underwent coronary artery ligation to induce HF (10 wks post-ligation), followed by isolation and adoptive-transfer (AT) of splenic CD4+ T-cells (9X10
6
cells/mouse) into the tail-veins of naïve CD45.1 mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed ~7-fold higher levels of HF-activated TNFR1
-/-
T cells in recipient mice when compared with WT T-cells at 2d post-AT, and were not different between the 2-groups at 1 wk. Interestingly, TNFR1
-/-
T cells were significantly higher again at 2 wks (as compared to WT T-cells) and the levels were sustained for up to 14 wks post-AT. In contrast, donor WT T-cells were slowly cleared from the recipient mice. In addition, as compared to WT T-cells, ~11-fold higher levels of adoptively transferred TNFR1
-/-
T cells were observed in the spleens of recipient mice at 14 wks suggesting that TNFR1
-/-
T cells had higher propensity to seed into the lymphoid tissues. This data also suggests that TNFR1
-/-
T cells either have enhanced pro-survival pathways or were less prone to activation-induced cell death.
In-vitro
T-cell proliferation assays using anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies showed enhanced proliferation and expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL upon treatment with a TNFR1 neutralization antibody corroborating
in-vivo
results. Intriguingly, as opposed to WT T-cells, adoptive transfer of HF-activated TNFR1
-/-
T-cells induced significant cardiac dysfunction and the ejection fraction (EF) of naïve recipient mice was significantly decreased from 63±6% to 45±6% at 14 weeks post-AT. Our data show that TNFR1 signaling regulates pro-vs anti-apoptotic pathways in a context-dependent manner and potentiate pathological phenotype of HF activated T-cells by enhancing their life-span.
Abstract 463: Circadian
Clock
Disruption Promotes Cardiac Cell Death During Hypoxic Injury
Authors: Kirshenbaum Lorrie A , Rabinovich Inna , Martino Tami A
Published: October 2020

Circadian rhythms play a fundamental role in cell metabolism and tissue homeostasis as well as in the diurnal oscillation of physiological processes such as blood pressure. Zeitgebers influence the circadian rhythms by serving as molecular switches for re-setting the intrinsic cellular clock. Herein, we show that oxygen is a Zeitgeber for the circadian rhythm and regulator of
clock
gene expression in cardiac myocytes. We further show that
clock
gene regulation promotes survival of cardiac myocytes by a mechanism that bi-directionally influences mitochondrial clearance and autophagy. Cardiac myocytes exhibited phasic oscillations in
clock
gene expression under basal conditions which was disrupted during hypoxia. This was accompanied by a marked time dependent decline in
clock
gene transcription that was maximal at ZT+18 and coincided with a reciprocal increase in mitochondrial clearance. Loss of function mutations of
clock
that disrupted nuclear localization or DNA binding to BMAL-1 promoted wide-spread cell death. Hence, the findings of the present study provide a novel signaling axis that operationally links hypoxia regulated
clock
gene expression and mitochondrial turn-over to cell survival.
Abstract 470: Recording Cell Migration Dynamics in Mouse Tissues With Cells Secreting Fluorescence Protein-tagged Collagen
Authors: Chen Zhongming
Published: October 2020

Background:
Cell migration is an important step involved in heart regeneration and many cardiovascular diseases. However, cell migration dynamics
in vivo
is poorly understood due to the challenges from mammal hearts, which are opaque and fast beating, and thus individual cardiac cells cannot be imaged or tracked.

Aims:
In this study, cell migration dynamics in the heart is recorded with a novel strategy, in which fluorescence protein-tagged collagen is secreted from cells and deposited into extracellular matrix, forming visible trails when cells are moving in tissues. As a proof-of-concept, transplanted migration dynamics of cardiac progenitor cells in mouse hearts were investaged.

Methods:
Stable cell lines expressing mCherry-tagged type I collagen were generated from isolated cardiac progenitor cells, ABCG2
+
CD45
-
CD31
-
cells (side populations), or c-kit
+
CD45
-
CD31
-
cells (c-kit
+
CPCs). The cell migration dynamics were monitored and measured based on the cell trails after cell transplantation into mouse tissues.

Results:
The stable cell lines form red cell trails both
in vitro
and
in vivo
(Fig. 1A & 1B, Green: GFP; Red: mCherry-collagen I, Blue: DAPI, bar: 50 microns). In culture dishes, the cells form visible cell trails of fluorescence protein. The cell moving directions are random, with a speed of 288 +/- 79 microns/day (side populations, n=3) or 143 +/-37 microns/day (c-kit
+
CPCs, n=3). After transplantation into wild-type mouse hearts, the cells form highly tortuous trails along the gaps between the heart muscle fibers. Angle between a cell trail and a muscle fiber is 16+/-16 degree (n=3). Side populations migrate twice as fast as c-kit+ CPCs in the heart (16.0 +/-8.7 microns/day vs. 8.1+/-0.0 microns/day, n=3, respectively), 18 time slower than the respective speeds
in vitro
. Additionally, side populations migrate significantly faster in the heart than in the skeletal muscles (26.4+/-5.8 microns/day, n=3). The side populations move significantly faster in immunodeficient mouse hearts (36.7+/-13.3 microns/day, n=3, typically used for studying cell therapies) than in wild-type mouse hearts.

Conclusion:
For the first time, cell migration dynamics in living hearts is monitored and examined with genetically modified cell lines. This study may greatly advance the fields of cardiovascular biology.
Abstract 471: Combination of Allogeneic Mesenchymal and Kidney Stem Cells Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease Induced Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Castellanos Angela C , Tompkins Bryon A , Natsumeda Makoto , Florea Victoria , Banerjee Monisha , Rodriguez Jose , Rosado Marcos , Valasaki Kristalenia , Takeuchi Lauro , Desai Sohil , Bellio Michell , Khan Aisha , Hardin Darrell , Rodriguez Daniel , Balkan Wayne , Hare Joshua M , Schulman Ivonne H
Published: October 2020

Background:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous condition involving multiple comorbidities. Phenotypic classification of HFpEF associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifests worse outcomes, compared to other HFpEF phenotypes. Few treatments improve morbidity and mortality in HFpEF. Stem cell therapy promotes cardiac repair in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. We hypothesized that allogeneic stem cell treatment ameliorates HFpEF in a large animal model of CKD.

Methods:
Yorkshire pigs (n=26) underwent 5/6 embolization-mediated nephrectomy and 4-weeks later received either: allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (10х10
6
), Kidney stem cells (KSC; 10х10
6
), combination (ACCT; MSC+KSC; 1:1 ratio [5х10
6
each]), or placebo (n=6-7/ group). Cell therapy was delivered via the patent renal artery of the remnant kidney. RNAsec analysis compared placebo and ACCT groups.

Results:
Mean arterial pressure increased significantly in the placebo- (21.89±6.05 mmHg, p<0.0001) compared to the ACCT-group (p=0.04) at 12 weeks. Glomerular filtration rate improved significantly in the ACCT group (p=0.002). RNAseq analysis revealed a significant decrease in genes normally increased during kidney transplant rejection (q<10
-6
, NES = -2.32) in ACCT. Consistent with these results, there was a downregulation of canonical drivers of tubular damage and regeneration, including SOX9 (-2.39 fold, p=0.0004) and apoptosis of kidney cell types (-24.89 fold, p=0.004), including podocytes (-2.065 fold, p=0.04) with ACCT. ACCT administration also downregulated genes related to oxidative stress (-4.6 fold, p<0.0001), fibrosis, inflammatory response (-4.760 fold, p=<0.05), and renin-angiotensin signaling (-3.162 fold, p=0.024), which are related to cardiac hypertrophy pathways (-7.23, fold, p<0.0001). EDPVR improved in with ACCT (p=0.003), indicating decreased ventricular stiffness. Ejection fraction, relative wall thickness, and left ventricular mass did not differ between groups at 12 weeks.

Conclusion:
Intra-renal artery allogeneic cell therapy was safe. Beneficial effects were observed in the ACCT and MSC groups in the kidney and heart. These findings have important implications on the use of cell therapy for HFpEF and cardiorenal syndrome.
Abstract 515: Non-invasive Method of Generating Human Induced-mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Urinary Epithelial Cells for Regenerative Therapy
Authors: Gurusamy Narasimman , RAJASINGH SHEEJA , Selvam Vijay , Sigamani Vinoth , Vasanthan Jayavardini , Kirankumar Shivaani , Johnson Rajasingh
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells having an extensive proliferation capacity in vitro and in vivo. These MSCs can differentiate into various mesoderm-type cells such as osteoblasts, cardiomyocytes, etc. A subpopulation of urinary epithelial cells (UECs) have been identified in urine samples, is considered a promising cell resource for generating autologous induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that the production of high quality, autologous, induced-MSCs (iMSCs) with high replicative potential suitable for the regenerative therapy, using an easy, and the most non-invasive method of isolation, from human UECs.

Methods and Results:
Human urine was collected and centrifuged to obtain the UECs, which were characterized by the expression of CK19 and ZO1. These UECs were reprogrammed to iPSCs using a cocktail of mRNAs (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, c-MYC, Nanog and Lin28) along with Lipofectamine for 11 days in culture. These iPSCs were characterized by the expression of the pluripotent markers such as OCT4, SOX2 and SSEA4. The iPSCs were subsequently differentiated into iMSCs using the mesenchymal specific medium for 21 days. iMSCs were harvested at the end of 21 days, and they were characterized by the high levels of mRNA and protein expressions of mesenchymal specific markers such as CD73, CD90 and CD105
(Fig. 1A).
FACS analysis showed that more than 93% of the cells were positive for the markers of MSCs
(Fig. 1B)
. Moreover, the obtained iMSCs have high proliferation capacity compared with the adult stem cells.

Conclusions:
We have developed an easy, non-invasive method for obtaining autologous, non-immunogenic and highly-proliferating iMSCs suitable for various regenerative therapies including cardiac diseases, from urinary epithelial cells.
Abstract 542: Chronic Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Assessed in Engineered Cardiac Tissues Generated in Biowire™ II Platform
Authors: Aschar-sobbi Roozbeh , Napolitano Julia E , Bogdanowicz Danielle R , Graziano Michael P
Published: October 2020

The anthracycline doxorubicin is an effective anti-tumor agent widely used in both adults and children. One major adverse effect of doxorubicin therapy is dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, ranging from asymptomatic reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction to more serious, potentially fatal symptoms including arrythmias and congestive heart failure. The exact mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have emerged as a potential tool to model cardiac toxicity, but their fetal-like phenotype raises concerns about the translatability of in vitro data to in vivo cardiotoxicity. To overcome this limitation, Biowire™ II platform was used to generate 3D engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts. Using long-term electrical stimulation, ECTs with a phenotype approaching that of adult human myocardium were obtained. The ECTs were then exposed to 1 μM doxorubicin for 8 days followed by 7 days of washout. Measurements of contractile force amplitude at 1 Hz stimulation showed a transient increase in force within 24 hours of doxorubicin exposure followed by decrease in force after 2 days. Intracellular recordings of action potential (AP) showed a decrease in maximum upstroke velocity (dV/dt), AP amplitude (APA), and resting membrane potential (RMP) after 8 days of doxorubicin treatment. In addition, action potential duration (APD) at 30% (APD30) repolarization was increased in doxorubicin-treated ECTs, whereas APD50 and APD90 were decreased. Following 7 days of washout, no difference in force or AP parameters was found between doxorubicin and vehicle-treated ECTs with the exception of APD50 and APD90 which remained abbreviated. A global untargeted analysis of the conditioned media from doxorubicin-treated ECTs identified 204 analytes and revealed an upregulation of redox homeostasis, differential fatty acid metabolism, altered glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolites, and decreased nucleoside metabolism compared to vehicle-treated ECTs. These results show that doxorubicin not only increases oxidative stress, but also irreversibly affects action potential duration which may predispose to cardiac arrhythmias.
Abstract MP123: The Fate and Role of Pericytes in Repair and Remodeling of the Infarcted Heart
Authors: Alex Linda , Su Ya , Frangogiannis Nikolaos G
Published: October 2020

Repair of the infarcted heart is dependent on inflammation-driven activation of myofibroblasts (MFs) and subsequent formation of a scar. Though pericytes have been implicated in injury-associated fibroblast activation in several organs, their potential role in cardiac repair and fibrosis has not been studied. We hypothesized that myocardial infarction (MI) may induce pericyte activation, contributing to repair through pericyte to MF conversion, secretion of fibrogenic mediators, or regulation of angiogenesis. In order to test the hypothesis, we generated pericyte/fibroblast reporter mice (NG2
DsRed
;PDGFRα
GFP
). In normal myocardium, NG2 labeled peri-endothelial mural cells that coexpressed PDGFRβ, whereas PDGFRα identified interstitial cells with fibroblast characteristics. Pericytes and fibroblasts had distinct transcriptomic profiles: NG2+/PDGFRα- pericytes expressed αSMA and low amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, whereas PDGFRα+/NG2- fibroblasts synthesized collagens. Pericyte rarefaction was noted in the necrotic core 3 days after non-reperfused MI. 3-7 days post MI, expansion of the NG2+ population in the infarct zone was associated with emergence of non-mural NG2+/αSMA+ cells with MF characteristics. FACS-sorted NG2+/PDGFRα- cells from 7-day infarcts expressed higher levels of ColIα2 (7.2±1.0-fold) and ColIIIα1 (8.9±1.14-fold), when compared to NG2+/PDGFRα- cells from normal hearts. NG2+ cells had high mRNA levels of integrins α1, αV, β1, and β5, and of MMP14, reflecting an activated migratory phenotype. To examine whether expression of ECM genes by infarct pericytes is due to fibroblast conversion, we did lineage tracing studies using NG2CreER
TM
;Rosa
tdTomato
mice bred with the PDGFRα
GFP
line for reliable fibroblast identification. 7 days post MI, 5.7%±1.04 of PDGFRα+ fibroblasts were derived from NG2+ cells. Also, αSMA staining showed that 10.49%±2.73 of infarct MFs were derived from NG2+ lineage. The majority of mural cells wrapping neovessels were derived from NG2+ cells, suggesting a role for resident pericytes in infarct angiogenesis. In conclusion, upon MI, pericytes become activated and contribute to repair by undergoing conversion to a subset of myofibroblasts and by coating infarct neovessels.
Abstract MP125: Branched-chain Keto Acids, Not Branched-chain Amino Acids, Impairs Cardiac Insulin Sensitivity by Disrupting Insulin Signaling in the Mitochondria
Authors: Karwi Qutuba , Uddin Golam Mezbah , Wagg Cory S , Lopaschuk Gary D
Published: October 2020

Alterations in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) oxidation have been linked to the development of cardiac insulin resistance and its negative impact on cardiac function. However, it is not clear if these detrimental effects are due to the accumulation of BCAAs or branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs). It is also unknown how impaired BCAAs oxidation mediates cardiac insulin resistance. To examine this, we specifically deleted mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) in the heart to selectively increase in BCAAs and decrease in BCKAs in the heart. BCATm
-/-
mice had normal cardiac function compared to their wildtype littermates (WT
Cre+/+
). However, there was a significant increase in insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose oxidation rates in BCATm
-/-
mice, independent of any changes in glucose uptake or glycolytic rates. This enhancement in cardiac insulin sensitivity was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of glucose oxidation. To determine the impact of reversing these events, we examined the effects of increasing cardiac BCKAs on cardiac insulin sensitivity. We perfused isolated working mice hearts with high levels of BCKAs (α;-keto-isocaproate 80 μM, α;-keto-β;-methylvalorate 100μM, α;-keto-isovalorate 70 μM), levels that can be seen during diabetes and obesity. The BCKAs completely blunted insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation rates. We also found that BCKAs abolished insulin-stimulated mitochondrial translocation of Akt, an effect which was associated with PDH deactivation. We conclude that the accumulation of BCKAs, and not BCAAs, is a major contributor to cardiac insulin resistance via abrogating mitochondrial translocation of Akt.
Abstract MP155: Oxidized Lipids Diet Causes Pulmonary Hypertension Through T-cell Dependent Endothelial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Ruffenach Gregoire , O'connor Ellen , Vaillancourt Mylene , HONG JASON , Grijalva Victor R , Cunningham Christine M , tiwari shuchita , Perros Frederic , YANG Xia , Gomes Aldrin V , Reddy Srinivasa T , Eghbali Mansoureh
Published: October 2020

Background:
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease characterized by an increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure above 25mmHg. This increased pressure is, at least in part, due to thickening of the distal pulmonary arteries. Recently, numerous studies demonstrated an increased plasma concentration of oxidized lipids in PH and in diseases where secondary PH developed. Furthermore, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) an oxidized lipid and a major metabolite of arachidonic acid in the lung, has been implicated in dysregulation of major biological pathways in PH. However, the mechanisms involved in the causal role of 15-HETE in pulmonary hypertension development are not known.

Methods and Results:
To study the role of 15-HETE in PH development, we fed C57BL6/J mice a diet supplemented with 15-HETE for 3 weeks with no other insults. After 3 weeks on the diet with added 15-HETE, C57BL6/J mice had increased concentrations of not only 15-HETE but also of other oxidized lipids (5-, 11- and 12-HETE) in plasma and lung, and they developed PH. RNA-seq analysis revealed the activation of pathways involved in antigen processing and presentation, and with evidence of T cell mediated cytotoxicity in lungs of mice fed 15-HETE. Transcriptomic profiling of lung tissues obtained from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) demonstrated activation of pathways similar to those seen mice. In mice fed a 15-HETE diet, there was an increase in the number of CD8/CD69 double positive cells, as well as an increase in pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) apoptosis. Furthermore, PAEC exposed to 15-HETE were more prone to apoptosis when exposed to CD8 cells. Adding Tg6F, an apoA-I mimetic peptide to the 15-HETE diet prevented and rescued PH in C57BL6/J mice, in part, by inhibiting PAEC apoptosis.

Conclusions:
15-HETE diet induced PH in C57Bl6/J mice by triggering PAEC death in a T-cell dependent mechanism. The apoA-I mimetic peptide Tg6F was able to prevent and rescue PH induced by 15-HETE.
Magic and Memory
Authors: Silva Gabriel A.F.
Published: October 2020

In this article, I examine the nature of Dido’s magic ritual in Aeneid 4, reading it as a magic ritual aimed at inducing forgetfulness. I argue that in burning his belongings, Dido intends to forget Aeneas and not to destroy him; for this purpose, I study this episode in the light of non-literary sources and of the poetic tradition concerning love magic and the obliteration of memory.
Minorities among Minorities: The Case of Hindu Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
Authors: Mithun Mahanam Bhattacharjee , Arefin Ahamedul
Published: October 2020

The Rohingya community in Myanmar has been the subject of persecution and violent attacks that have forced them to flee the country and to take refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh several times in history. The latest wave of conflict-led displacement in August 2017 forced nearly a million Rohingya ethnic minorities to take refuge in Bangladesh. However, this time, a small number of Hindu Rohingya refugees also arrived in the refugee camps of Bangladesh. As they are small in number and considered insignificant by the international community, the attention on them has long been minimal. This study constitutes an exploratory research endeavour using qualitative research methodologies. It aims to reveal the main reasons behind their exodus, migration journey and refugee life in Bangladesh.
A Test of Ontological Relativity
Authors: Myers Steve
Published: October 2020

Jung saw a role for the methods of natural science in analytical psychology alongside other ways of developing of knowledge. This paper puts a cryptic and undeveloped idea in Psychological Types to the test using the principles of Karl Popper’s philosophy of science. The idea is a combination of Jung’s philosophy, esse in anima, and his theory of opposites applied to politics. It is explained using a term coined by the philosopher W.V.O Quine—ontological relativity. There are key similarities between the two philosophical concepts, due to Jung and Quine having a common influence in William James’ radical empiricism. The ontological relativity of political opposites is subjected to three tests that attempt to falsify it. All three attempts at falsification fail, which therefore provides some support for the idea. However, there are a number of anomalous results that raise significant questions requiring further research. This paper should therefore be viewed as the first step in a programme of research to examine the ontological relativity of political opposites that is inherent within esse in anima.
Chorion exploration in the tribe Anthocharidini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and their possible importance in its systematics
Authors: NIEVES-URIBE SANDRA , FLORES-GALLARDO ADRIÁN , LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS JORGE
Published: October 2020

We describe and compare the morphology of the chorion in nine species belonging to five genera of the tribe Anthocharidini (Pieridae: Pierinae), from a sample of 12 females with mature eggs, the bibliographic record of oviposited eggs, and photographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggs examined come from Mexico, Spain, Brazil and Costa Rica. Its characterization was made considering the main structural features of the chorion in this tribe; it includes a distinction of structures in the apical zone and differentiation between the chorionic regions. We attached to this work sheets, diagrams, and terminology to understand and clarify the descriptions. Our results agree with the proposal of Anthocharidini as the least derived tribe of the Pierinae, considering that Hebomoia, a specialized genus, is not part of it. Tribes such as Leptosiaini, Elodinini or Nepheroniini also have more chorionic characteristics related to more derived tribes of the Pierinae.
Taxonomic study of the subgenus Tropidocheila of the lace bug genus Tingis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan, with description of Tingis (Tropidocheila) yamaboushi sp. nov. collected from Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)
Authors: SOUMA JUN
Published: October 2020

The present article summarizes the taxonomy of the lace bug subgenus Tropidocheila Fieber, 1844 of the genus Tingis Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan. Three species, including a new species, were recognized: T. (Tr.) matsumurai Takeya, 1962, T. (Tr.) shaowuana Drake & Maa, 1953, and T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. The new species was collected from Cornus kousa Buerger ex Hance (Cornaceae) in the deciduous forest of Honshu. An identification key to the species of Tropidocheila from Japan is also presented.
Optimization of Power System Wiring Process Based on Photoelectric Stabilized Technology
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Lihua
Published: October 2020

Power equipment is a mechanical precision instrument that requires flexible wiring. In order to solve the problem of narrow cable wiring structure of the medium-voltage distribution network, a photoelectric stabilized device was adopted in the study. The device consists of multiple
photoelectric sensors, electronic components, and structural components. Because the system supports different signal frequency bands, the interconnection technology in optoelectronic stabilization can resist electromagnetic interference so that it can further improve the accuracy of the wiring
structure. The photoelectric stabilized technology was used in the power supply automatic wiring planning process of power systems. The tracking of contact lines, main radiating lines, and branch lines was performed through a photoelectric stability device. In addition, the radiating line
used the ant colony algorithm to construct the radiating line according to the data provided by the device. The contact line was constructed by the Floyd algorithm according to the data provided by the device. Furthermore, the genetic annealing algorithm was introduced to optimize the line
wiring calculation process for the convergence problem in the calculation of the line. During the test, by comparing the traditional power grid wiring and power grid wiring based on the photoelectric stability device, it is proved that the wiring method proposed in the study can realize the
most optimization with the significantly reduced cost.
Al Implantation and Post Annealing Effects in n-Type 4H-SiC
Authors: Son Woo-Young , Shin Myeong-Cheol , Schweitz Michael , Lee Sang-Kwon , Koo Sang-Mo
Published: October 2020

We investigated the post annealing effect of Al implantation in n-type 4H-SiC by using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The Schottky contacts were deposited on n-type epitaxial layer on 4H-SiC substrates and the effect of Al-implantation on the structures has
been examined with and without post-annealing process. n-type epitaxial layer on a 4H-SiC substrate was implanted with Al-ion at an energy of 300 keV and a dose of 1.0 × 1015 cm–2. The effect of annealing has been studied by annealing the structures
at 1700 C after ion implantation. DLTS measurements were performed before and after ion implantation, in order to determine the characteristics and magnitudes of the resulting electrical defects. Based on the DLTS measurement results, typical Z1/2 peak of SiC is
obtained in reference samples without implantation. Z1/2 of the non-annealed samples had an energy level of 0.831 eV. The energy level was found to be deeper after the implantation whereas the capture cross section is about 60 times smaller and the trap concentration increases
by a factor of 10. In other words, the Al-ion implantation clearly influenced the electrical characteristics of the sample and consequently also the DLTS measurement results. After post-implantation annealing, a new shallow defect (I2Al-A) was identified (∼0.028 eV) with a capture
cross section of 1.9 × 10–21 cm –2 and a trap concentration of 4.8 × 1015 cm–3.
Sea Level Pressure Trends: Model-Based Assessment of Detection, Attribution, and Consistency with CMIP5 Historical Simulations
Authors: Knutson Thomas R. , Ploshay Jeffrey
Published: October 2020

Observed sea level pressure (SLP) trends for 1901–10, 1951–10, and 1981–2010 are assessed using two observed data sources (HadSLP2_lowvar and 20CRv3) compared to a CMIP5 multimodel ensemble. The CMIP5 simulations include runs with (i) no external forcing (Control runs), (ii) natural external forcing only (Natural-Forcing), or (iii) natural plus anthropogenic forcings combined (All-Forcings). We assess whether the CMIP5 All-Forcing ensemble is consistent with observations and whether there is model-based evidence for detectable anthropogenic influence for the observed SLP trends. For the 1901–2010 and 1951–2010 trends, a robustly detectable anthropogenic signal in both observational data products is a zonal band of SLP increase extending over much of the Southern Hemisphere extratropics (30°–50°S). In contrast, the HadSLP2_lowvar and 20CRv3 observed data products disagree on the sign of the century-scale trends in SLP over much of the low-latitude region 25°N–25°S. These differences will limit confident detection/attribution/consistency conclusions for lower-latitude regions, at least until the observational data product discrepancies are better reconciled. The Northern Hemisphere extratropics remains a difficult region for identifying any detectable anthropogenic influence for annual- or seasonal-mean SLP trends. Overall, our results highlight the difficulty in detecting and attributing anthropogenic signals in SLP for relatively short time scales. The observed 1981–2010 regional trends typically have a different pattern and magnitude from the simulated externally forced trends. Consequently, our results suggest that internal variability is likely the dominant driver of most observed 1981–2010 regional trend features, including the pronounced increase in SLP over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
Local Impact of Stochastic Shallow Convection on Clouds and Precipitation in the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Sakradzija Mirjana , Senf Fabian , Scheck Leonhard , Ahlgrimm Maike , Klocke Daniel
Published: October 2020

The local impact of stochastic shallow convection on clouds and precipitation is tested in a case study over the tropical Atlantic on 20 December 2013 using the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Model (ICON). ICON is used at a grid resolution of 2.5 km and is tested in several configurations that differ in their treatment of shallow convection. A stochastic shallow convection scheme is compared to the operational deterministic scheme and a case with no representation of shallow convection. The model is evaluated by comparing synthetically generated irradiance data for both visible and infrared wavelengths against actual satellite observations. The experimental approach is designed to distinguish the local effects of parameterized shallow convection (or lack thereof) within the trades versus the ITCZ. The stochastic cases prove to be superior in reproducing low-level cloud cover, deep convection, and its organization, as well as the distribution of precipitation in the tropical Atlantic ITCZ. In these cases, convective heating in the subcloud layer is substantial, and boundary layer depth is increased as a result of the heating, while evaporation is enhanced at the expense of sensible heat flux at the ocean’s surface. The stochastic case where subgrid shallow convection is deactivated below the resolved deep updrafts indicates that local boundary layer convection is crucial for a better representation of deep convection. Based on these results, our study points to a necessity to further develop parameterizations of shallow convection for use at the convection-permitting resolutions and to assuredly include them in weather and climate models even as their imperfect versions.
The Editor’s Note: The many meanings of good
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: October 2020

Americans have consistently given the schools their children attend good grades but are less enthusiastic about U.S. schools as a whole. What accounts for these differences? How are these parents defining goodness? Rafael Heller describes some of the different views of school quality presented in the November Kappan.
The schools teachers choose
Authors: Glazer Jeremy
Published: October 2020

One way to identify good schools is to look for the schools where teachers want to work. Jeremy Glazer interviewed teachers in one large urban school district who moved from hard-to-staff schools to some of the district’s most desirable schools, asking what motivated their moves and why the schools they sought out were attractive to them. These interviews offer three lessons that can help guide efforts to make more good schools for all our nation’s children.
Teaching the right stuff
Authors: Bennett William J.
Published: October 2020

In this excerpt from How to educate an American: The conservative vision for tomorrow’s schools, William J. Bennett argues that instilling knowledge, not just skills, is an important element of good schooling. In fact, developing certain skills actually requires a considerable amount of background knowledge. He offers examples of states that have made content knowledge an important part of their curricula and urges education leaders and policy makers to make a long-term commitment to working together on such efforts in their own states.
What counts as a good school? A conversation with Larry Cuban
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: October 2020

Kappan’s editor talks with education historian Larry Cuban about the various ways Americans have judged the quality of schools and the success of various efforts to improve schools. For much of the 20th century, efficiency was the watchword, as schools adopted scientific management techniques from the business sector. By the mid-1960s, that goal was subsumed by a focus on effectiveness, which required that schools find ways to measure the outcomes of their efforts. At the same time, alternative models have emerged, challenging the idea that there’s only one “best” way of doing school.
How teachers experienced the COVID-19 transition to remote instruction
Authors: Marshall David T. , Shannon David M. , Love Savanna M.
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 viral pandemic affected all facets of life, including schooling. In March 2020, schools abruptly ended face-to-face instruction and transitioned to emergency remote instruction. David Marshall, David Shannon, and Savanna Love surveyed teachers nationally between mid-March and early April 2020 to understand their experiences during this time. Teachers found all aspects of teaching more challenging during remote instruction and shared a range of experiences related to training opportunities, barriers to student learning, as well as support for English learners and students with special needs. Based on the teachers’ comments, the authors recommend incorporating digital learning days in future school calendars and putting clear plans in place for future emergencies.
On Leadership: Let’s rethink the message we send to potential educators
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: October 2020

Enrollment in teacher education programs has been in decline, and school districts are receiving fewer applications for open teaching positions. PDK CEO Josh Starr considers how to stem this decline by presenting teaching as just one part of a pathway into changing the world through education. Although many students enter teacher preparation programs because they envision themselves making a career in the classroom, others tend to be activists who are looking for a way to serve their community. Teacher preparation programs might be able to draw more of these activist students into the profession by treating the classroom as one step in a larger education profession.
Under the Law: Civil rights enforcement in education: The federal role
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: October 2020

Robert Kim provides an overview of the work of the Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights (OCR), which is responsible for enforcing civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination. They achieve this in three ways: (1) The Civil Rights Data Collection, a database containing information on school climate, teacher and staff capacity, and other measures; (2) civil rights policy guidance, which informs schools about the rules and regulations they must follow; and (3) investigations of civil rights violations in public schools.
Backtalk: Managing COVID-19 anxiety
Authors: Pittinsky Todd L.
Published: October 2020

As school buildings have reopened during the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers have been understandably anxious about their own health, and that of their students. But should students know how worried their teachers are? Todd Pittinsky suggests that teachers avoid shielding students from knowledge of the risks of exposure while also being thoughtful in their teaching approaches and managing their own anxiety to serve as role models. He also encourages teachers and administrators to share helpful practices for reducing anxiety.
Biomedical materials: A review of titanium based alloys
Authors: Anene FA , Aiza Jaafar CN , Zainol I , Azmah Hanim MA , Suraya MT
Published: October 2020

The sterling mechanical properties of titanium alloys have distinguished them as an essential material for varied applications especially in biomedical fields. The combination of good corrosion resistance in addition to light weight, non-toxicity and an outstanding biocompatibility makes them a sought-after material for production of medical implants. Owing to the surging demand for durable implants, it has become exigent for increased developmental researches on biomaterials to be accelerated. This will result in significant increase in implant production and Ti alloys will play a vital role among the several materials presently in use. Hence, this review critically analysed the important roles Ti alloys have played thus far in the implant production industry and recent development of titanium-based alloys with low elastic modulus similar to human bones as well as improved biocompatibility and wear resistance.
Entrance length of oscillatory flows in parallel plate microchannels
Authors: Shajari Golchehreh , Abbasi Morteza , Jamei Mehran Khaki
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the numerical investigation of the purely oscillatory laminar flows of incompressible Newtonian fluids, in the entrance region of parallel plate microchannels. Development of the axial velocity profiles and the required entrance length were studied in the low Reynolds number regime (20[Formula: see text] 200) and for the low dimensionless oscillation frequency or the Stokes number (1.08 [Formula: see text] 2.80), which is applicable particularly for microchannel flows. To obtain more realistic and applicable results, the time-dependent parabolic entry conditions were considered for all simulations. The results show that for ([Formula: see text]1.53), the entrance length can be estimated by the steady-state results for corresponding inlet velocity profiles, while for the (1.53 [Formula: see text] 2.80), the deviation from the steady-state condition occurs for the entrance length. Further, according to the obtained numerical data, in this work, a useful correlation is proposed to predict the entrance length for the studied ranges of the purely oscillatory flows through the parallel plate microchannels.
Feasibility study of the energy and economic gain that can be achieved by driving the boiler feedwater pump with a backpressure steam turbine
Authors: Selimli Selcuk , Sunay Savas
Published: October 2020

The low-pressure steam requirement in the iron and steel production plant is obtained through pressure reduction stations with unrestrained expansion. In this study, the feasibility of obtaining the low-pressure steam that is needed in the plant in a backpressure turbine instead of pressure reduction stations has been studied. In this way, it is foreseen that a significant amount of wasted energy during the unrestrained expansion in pressure reduction stations, can be recovered as shaft work during the expansion process performed in the turbine. The obtained shaft work is planned to be used in the boiler feedwater pump drive. It is aimed to increase the efficiency of the system by the deactivation of boiler feedwater pump electric motors and as well as bringing the energy that is lost during the unrestrained expansion of the superheated steam to the system through the pump drive. The estimated size of energy saving of the system could be reached to 33.74%. The annual size of achievable saving has been determined by approximately 8,094,810 kWh and economically $509,973. The payback period of the estimated $683,079 investment is 1.34 years. A determined amount of saving is also equivalent to the reduction of 7,285,329 kg CO2 emission, annually.
Improving Sensemaking in Social Work: A worked example with Deleuze and Art
Authors: Robson Ian
Published: October 2020

Social Work is all about Sensemaking, but Sensemaking, as we currently know it, is not fit for purpose in Social Work. Developed by Karl E. Weick, Sensemaking describes the process of coming to understand and act in circumstances that are confusing or otherwise problematic. In this article, the author provides a creative and inventive response to the limitations of Sensemaking in Social Work through the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze, and the use of artistic practices. In this article, he presents two stories; firstly, a story about overcoming ‘stuckness’ in a study of English Children’s Centre practitioners, and secondly, a bigger story about the limitations of Sensemaking in Social Work. These two stories are connected by Deleuze, and Art. The author responds to the opportunities presented by Deleuze by creating a series of visual Motifs, which act as idea-objects, used in his Sensemaking. He argues that whilst Social Workers do not need to be artists to make better sense of situations, they can use their own Motifs to better consider materiality, sense and affect in situations.
The association between crawling as a first mode of mobilisation and the presentation of atraumatic shoulder instability: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Williams Deborah J , Jaggi Anju , Douglas Tania
Published: October 2020

Background and purpose

To investigate if there is an association between whether an infant crawls as their first mode of mobilisation and the subsequent presentation of atraumatic shoulder instability.

Patients and methods

A retrospective cohort of 50 consecutive patients who had presented to a national specialist centre for shoulder instability with a diagnosis of atraumatic instability was compared with a cohort of 50 participants who did not have shoulder instability. Primary outcomes were presence of atraumatic shoulder instability and whether or not the patient crawled as their first mode of mobility. A Pearson chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations.

Results

There was a significant association between crawling and shoulder instability ( X2(1) ≥ 11.93, p = 0.001) with a higher prevalence of non-crawlers in the group with shoulder instability compared to the control group.

Interpretation

There may be an association between developmental milestones and atraumatic shoulder instability. It cannot be concluded from this study whether association is causal and additional research is needed to further investigate this relationship. Asking patients presenting with shoulder instability about their developmental milestones as part of a full subjective history could guide a more targeted sensorimotor rehabilitation programme.
Ist Führen immer ein auswegloses Unterfangen?
Authors: Blickle Gerhard
Published: October 2020

Die Neubergerschen Führungsdilemmata (1983) und das Groebensche Konzept der polaren Integration (1981) werden in das Konzept der Wertequadrate von Hellwig (1951) eingeordnet. Danach wird die Konstruktionslogik des Wertequadrats herausgearbeitet und am Beispiel des “Mittel-Zweck”-Dilemmas der Führung erprobt. Dabei zeigt sich daß Führungsdilemmata auch produktive und konstruktive Elemente enthalten können.
Personal-Controlling: Von der Konzeptionalisierung zur Implementierung
Authors: Groth Uwe , Kammel Andreas
Published: October 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird ein praxisorientierter Bezugsrahmen zur Implementierung von Personal-Controlling vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Autoren schließen sich dabei der in dieser Zeitschrift von Töpfer (1987, S. 267) aufgestellten Forderung an, im Rahmen der Personalforschung verstärkt ein pragmatisches Wissenschaftsziel zu verfolgen und die immer noch vorhandenen, aber überbrückbaren Berührungsängste zwischen Managementpraxis und Wissenschaft abzubauen. Wichtige Voraussetzungen hierfür sind einerseits die Anpassung und Aufbereitung theoretischer Konstrukte in terminologischer und konzeptioneller Hinsicht dergestalt, daß der Praktiker sie verstehen kann und in ihnen eine Hilfestellung zur Lösung seiner praktischen Probleme sieht, andererseits die Bereitschaft der Praxis, wissenschaftliche Hilfestellung zu suchen und anzunehmen, ohne deshalb gleich “fertige” allgemeingültige Rezepturen zu erwarten.
Entlohnung als Instrument zur Informationsaufdeckung bei der Personalauswahl
Authors: Kräkel Matthias
Published: October 2020

Innerhalb einer Arbeitnehmer-Arbeitgeber-Beziehung stellt die Entlohnung eines Arbeitnehmers ein bewährtes Instrument zur Anreizgestaltung dar. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll gezeigt werden, daß der Entlohung bereits vor dem Beginn eines Beschäftigungsverhältnisses begleitend zur Personalauswahl eine wichtige Zusatzfunktion als Instrument zur Informationsaufdeckung zugeschrieben werden kann. Hierbei werden Stellenbewerber - beispielsweise im Rahmen eines Einstellungsinterviews - mit derartigen Fragen und Problemstellungen konfrontiert, daß sie zu einer Aufdeckung relevanter Informationen über ihre Leistungsbereitschaft und ihr Leistungsvermögen veranlaßt werden. Die aufgedeckten Bewerberinformationen können anschließend für die eigentliche Personalauswahlentscheidung durch den Arbeitgeber genutzt werden.
Mikropolitik im Spiegelbild empirischer Organisationsforschung
Authors: Engelhart Roman
Published: October 2020

Mit den Profiles of Organizational Influence Strategies (POIS), dem Influence Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) und der Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS) werden drei wichtige Fragebogeninstrumente zur Darstellung mikropolitischer Verhaltensweisen bzw. sozialer Einflußprozesse in Organisationen einer vergleichenden Sekundäranalyse unterzogen.

Teil 1 dieses Beitrags befaßt sich mit den POIS, die neuerdings auch im deutschsprachigen Raum (Wunderer/Weibler 1992) eingesetzt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Skalen hinsichtlich Reliabilität und Validität hinter den postulierten Erwartungen ihrer Entwickler zurückbleiben und nicht zur Anwendung in organisationspsychologischen Studien empfohlen werden können.