bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Lower Limb Exoskeleton Motion and Control Using Differential Transform Method
Authors: Adeleye Olurotimi A. , Ekine Tamunomiete S. , Yinusa Ahmed A.
Published: June 2021

In this study, the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the motion and control of the lower limb exoskeleton using differential transform method is presented. Devices for medical processes are continuously undergoing improvement such as enhancing and assisting automatic therapies with flexible and configurable programs for treating people with partial disability in lower limbs as applied in lower-limb exoskeleton. The configurable programs in this exoskeleton can be applied to observe and control the motion of the exoskeleton for effective physiotherapy and reduced rehabilitation time for patients with such disability. Hence, a two degree of freedom nonlinear dynamic model for the motion and control of the lower limb exoskeletons was developed for two links. The nonlinear dynamic models are solved by applying the differential transform method (DTM) and verified with the forth order Runge-Kutta numerical method (RK4). The effects of the applied torque on the two links are investigated and it is observed that Link 1 has large negative deflection amplitude that drives link 2 towards the opposite positive direction. An increase in the applied torque resulted in increase in the amplitude of the system for all initial condition considered. This in turns increases the nonlinear dynamic behavior of link 2 due to its lower mass value. The speed of both links dampens out over the history due to the presence of damping term. At equilibrium, both links are in phase and have the same amplitude over the time history. This study provides an analytical tool for observing and controlling the motions of the lower limb exoskeleton and for improving the designs of the medical device.
Effects of Synthetic Process on the Properties of Silicone Resin Composed of Polysiloxane Block Copolymer
Authors: Peng Dan , Mu Qiu Hong , Li Jin Hui , Ju Wei , Wang Feng , Zhang Shuo
Published: June 2021

One component room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone resin was prepared by combination of a kind of polydimethylsiloxane-b-phenylsilsesquioxane copolymer with crosslinker and catalyst. The effects of feeding order on properties of cured silicone resin were studied in detail. When hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane was added in three times and the D/T ratio was 2.0~2.3 during synthesis, the cured resin with the hardness over 20Shore D had the better elastic-plastic properties and heat resistance than the other two feeding orders. The tensile strength was over 3MPa and the elongation at break was above 75%. The Td5% was 416.6°C.The silicone resin also had good radiation resistance. At the radiation dose of 1500kGy, there was no obvious defect observed in the material, and the tensile strength increased to 6.83MPa, while elongation at break decreased to 26%.
Measuring the Pulse of Earth's Global Ocean: Ocean Sound and Marine Life Interagency Working Group
Authors: Dziak Robert P.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The “Measuring the Pulse of Earth's Global Ocean” project will attempt to quantify sound levels in what should be the quietest parts of the ocean—the five deepest locations—to gauge the baseline level of sound in these remote ocean areas.
Ocean noise from human-made sources of sound (e.g., shipping) can have a detrimental effect on marine animals that use sound to sense their environment. Thus noise can negatively impact the health of marine ecosystems, which are the basis for many sectors of the global “Blue” economy,
including commercial fisheries and aquaculture. This project will gather unique baseline data to monitor the “acoustic health” of the oceans. A novel, deep-ocean capable hydrophone-lander system will be deployed at each of these five deep-sea sites (all >7 km deep). The project
will involve the collaboration of several U.S. governmental agencies, private industry and NGOs, and international partners to access these global locations. We will collaborate with scientists from each of these five sites to deploy, recover, and analyze this deep ocean acoustic data. Our
ocean sound program aspires to develop a robust and inclusive education/outreach program, focusing on the impact of underwater noise on the health of marine ecosystems.
IHO's Role in the Ocean Decade
Authors: Jonas Mathias
Published: June 2021

Abstract The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is the intergovernmental international organization whose principal aim is to ensure that all the world's oceans, seas, and navigable waters are properly surveyed and charted. The commentary illustrates these and
other IHO work items that are relevant to meet the major objectives of the Ocean Decade.
Advancing Ocean Science Through Open Science and Software on the Cloud
Authors: McCurdy Andrea , Vinogradova-Shiffer Nadya
Published: June 2021

Abstract This Ocean-Shot will seek to advance community awareness and practice around open science, based on the activities and outcomes generated by a growing cadre of U.S.-based and international developers working with open software libraries and in cloud computing environments.
This practice will require additional software and tooling and required a shift in thinking toward a philosophy of trust and transparency. Key to this endeavor will be to take advantage of innovative development tools and practices that will better enable science by decreasing barriers to
collaborations, reproducibility, and interdisciplinary research.For data, this will mark a shift from a central repository model to central service model, enabling data-proximate computing. Most commonly today, data are downloaded from central locations for analysis on local environments.
We hope to advance data-proximate computing that facilitates the accessing of data in central locations and running analysis there. This will mark a move from current reliance on locally deployed packages and servers to making products and services readily available on the cloud. The project
will contribute to a step change of how datasets are accessed and used across the community. Throughout the decade it will build on the training and capacity development currently supported by NASA, and upon the professional development activities of other stakeholders.
Persistent Mobile Ocean Observing: Marine Vehicle Highways
Authors: Manalang Dana , Daly Kendra , Wilcock William
Published: June 2021

Abstract Persistent mobile ocean observation platforms, supported by arrays of subsea marine vehicle service stations, will enable direct study of oceanographic and geological processes that, due to their transient nature and spatiotemporal variability, are not well understood.
These include, but are not limited to, ocean-seafloor interactions and crustal ecosystems, mid-ocean ridge volcanism, coastal circulation and shelf ecosystems, reef health, and arctic sea-ice interaction. Further, certain types of subsea events, such as erupting submarine volcanoes, instabilities
in methane hydrate deposits, marine mass-wasting events, turbidite flows, the ecological impacts of major earthquakes, breaking internal waves, the fate of mid-water vortices, and episodes of anoxic upwelling, can be energetic, transient, and unpredictable, often having unverifiable consequences.
These cannot be readily detected, characterized, or quantified owing to the difficulty of anticipating the onset of such phenomena. The intractability of launching major sea-going assets with short lead times to capture and document such evanescent system-level processes from beginning to
end means that our understanding of these and related processes is not readily expandable with current oceanographic tools.Marine Vehicle Highways (MVHs) will change the way ocean science is conducted by making temporally and spatially distributed data sets more attainable and accessible,
opening the door for broader participation in transformative ocean science.
FantaSEAS Project: Incorporating Inspiring Ocean Science in the Popular Media
Authors: Parsons E.C.M. , Scarlett Ashley , Kornblatt Andrew
Published: June 2021

Abstract One of the goals of the UN Oceans Decade is “an inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human well-being and sustainable development.” The UN Ocean Decade also calls for promoting diversity in ocean science,
engaging multiple stakeholders, including industries and the wider public, as well as promoting ocean science literacy. The FANTASeas project aims to do this.One major source of inspiration for the general public for millennia has been art and literature. Over the past century, key sources
of public inspiration when it comes to science include science fiction and fantasy in books, movies, TV shows, comics and, recently, computer games. Most famously, the TV show Star Trek inspired a generation of space scientists.The idea behind this project is to promote and facilitate
the production of popular artistic and literary projects that incorporate ocean science to enhance both ocean literacy and to create more inspirational ocean-related projects.It is proposed that a series of international workshops be organized to connect ocean scientists with novelists,
writers, and designers from the: (a) computer gaming; (b) tabletop gaming; (c) TV and movie; and (d) comic and graphic novel industries.
Integrated Observing Across the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Kritzer Jake
Published: June 2021

Abstract Northwest Atlantic current systems originating off Greenland extend south to the Canadian Maritimes and Northeastern United States, creating oceanographic, ecological, and economic connections that compel integrated ocean observing across the region. For more than
a decade, NERACOOS has led development of a robust and responsive ocean observing system for the Northeastern U.S. as part of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON), components of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). That experience,
backed by key partnerships that reach into northern latitudes, positions us to build new partnerships toward integration of ocean observing at scale in the Northwest Atlantic. Strategic deployment of observing tools should be tailored to local conditions, with oceanographic models, satellite
remote sensing, and data products unifying the system at scale. Indigenous people must be core partners, both as contributors of traditional knowledge and priority communities for capacity development. The diversity and complexity of human, environmental, and data systems calls for application
of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to extract key insights from disparate information sources. Longevity will be promoted by involvement of the private sector to build buy-in, and training of young practitioners to sustain the system into the future.
Ocean Technology Field Academy—Empowering Ocean Stakeholders for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Van Sumeren Hans , Hotaling Liesl , Bailey Ed , Slade Jason
Published: June 2021

Abstract Data generated from ocean observing, or ocean-atmosphere coupled observing, permeates every facet of ocean research, ocean sustainability efforts, and the blue economy and offers workforce opportunities for all education levels. The Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable
Development and the Seabed 2030 effort will capitalize on the data availability and place a spotlight on the increased need for a workforce capable of analyzing and applying these data to generate solutions for sustainable ocean uses.Although most jobs will not require advanced degrees
in engineering or science, the preparation of the 21st century ocean technology workforce demands an understanding of marine science and other disciplines, an ability to resolve complex environmental issues, and the ability to communicate complex ideas to a broad audience. Fostering these
critical abilities will require a new set of learning opportunities. Developing and maintaining such a workforce will rely on innovative and flexible educational programs that break through the traditional “siloed” approach to education, while offering multiple and rapid pathways
for degree and certification attainment.In response, we propose a program to prepare a workforce with the ability to utilize sensors, sensor platforms, sensor networks, crewed and uncrewed surface/underwater vehicles, sonar systems, and data processing capabilities.
Nature-Based Nutrient Reduction for Seagrass Restoration
Authors: Persson Carl
Published: June 2021

Abstract Seagrasses provide the following benefits worldwide. Habitat for Marine LifeNursery for Juvenile FishFoodBiodiversityCarbon
Storage (Blue Carbon)Ocean Acidification ControlOxygen ProductionSediment Erosion ControlNutrient Cycling
Seagrass loss has been persistent for the past 100 years and is now accelerating at 7 percent (21,000 square kilometers) per year. We are addressing seagrass loss resulting from nutrient pollution which is about one third of the total.The technical objective is to remove at least as
much total nitrogen from the sediment and bottom waters to allow restoration with the subsequent successful planting of seeds from nearby meadows.Our nature-based process starts with the eutrophication-induced restriction on the process to remove excess nitrogen from the top layer of sediment,
coupled nitrification denitrification (CND). Decaying organic matter and biogeochemical processes consume enough oxygen to reduce the efficiency and capacity of the CND process.The solution is to increase the rate of dissolved oxygen flux in the bottom waters. Although science has known
this for 20 years, how to do it has been a mystery. To facilitate oxygen dissolution, we will use nanoscale oxygen bubbles mixed with bottom water and delivered to the water/sediment interface.
The Great Global Fish Count (GGFC): A Potential Project of the UN Ocean Decade
Authors: Ausubel Jesse H. , Stoeckle Mark Y.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The Great Global Fish Count (GGFC) is a community science project to count fish and then other forms of marine life in coastal and later all waters using loose DNA in seawater (marine eDNA) shed by all animals. The project would distribute small filtration devices
to millions of people. The devices would enable participants to take water samples, filter the water, stably preserve the filter with the sediment containing DNA, and post the filters to qualified labs for eDNA analysis. Labs would analyze samples, identify species, and upload data to a project
database including Web-based geographical information systems accessible to a mobile app. The collector of each sample would learn the species and quantities of DNA in their sample(s) and have access to information from all other samples. The totality of the data would open countless opportunities
for analysts to discover patterns and trends. The project would begin by targeting fish species, because of their societal importance, public interest, availability of high-quality primers to grab relevant sequences, and richness of the DNA reference library of fish sequences. Later in the
decade the project could expand to all vertebrates (including marine mammals), mollusks, crustaceans, and other taxa, perhaps adding one major group each year.
Transformative Ocean Observing for Hurricane Forecasting, Readiness, and Response in the Caribbean Tropical Storm Corridor
Authors: Wilson W. Douglas , Glenn Scott , Miles Travis , Knap Anthony , Toro Cesar
Published: June 2021

Abstract The upper ocean in the Western Tropical Atlantic tropical storm corridor—including the Caribbean Sea—is under-sampled and climatologically warming (Figure 1). Regionally varying Essential Ocean Features impacting tropical cyclone dynamics include fresh
water upper ocean layers, mesoscale eddies, high Upper Ocean Heat Content values, and inflows from the Subtropical and Equatorial Atlantic. Ongoing research indicates that hurricane intensity forecasts can be improved with expanded and sustained ocean data collection and utilization along
the hurricane path.This proposed activity will build supporting physical and social infrastructure and conduct a long-term sampling program in this critical region using gliders, High Frequency Radars (HFR), and developing technologies to provide real-time information resulting in hurricane
forecast improvement. Improved forecasts will support new generation of local storm surge/precipitation/wave and coastal impact models and guidance used to directly enhance resilience.The success of this project will depend on the merger of regional scale planning and management AND development
of local-level partnerships for implementation. To be sustainable, operational, analytical, and actionable, capability has to exist at the multiple proposed regional system nodes. We will promote expanded education and workforce development using existing partner capabilities, and include
an Ocean Observing for SIDS/Developing Economies component. Product and information delivery systems will have local interpretive support and will incorporate local knowledge and expertise.It is our hope that by 2030 our legacy would be successful program to—in the words of the Decade
Action Framework—“sustain long-term high-quality observations of marine and coastal environments including human interactions and deliver forecast and decision-support tools.”
Ocean Sound Atlas
Authors: Spence Heather R. , Parsons E.C.M. , Becker Kyle M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Sound is fundamental to ocean ecosystems, yet the interplay of physical and biological sources and their relationships with ecological health and human activities is inherently complex and non-intuitive for visually oriented humans. Ocean Sound Atlas (OSA) will be
a digital global ocean sound map. This interactive system will compile and integrate passive acoustic data by location of recording, for use by researchers, educators, policy makers, engineers, explorers, sound artists, and other stakeholder groups. The Ocean Decade is a unique opportunity
to serve as the “hook” required to create and promote a central tool that will be widely used. OSA will harness increasingly exciting research potential into the ability to investigate key cross-cutting, multi-scale impactful questions.
Meeting Protein and Energy Needs for 10 Billion People While Restoring Oceans
Authors: Lindell Scott , Kite-Powell Hauke
Published: June 2021

Abstract Shellfish and seaweed farming provide resources, opportunities, and solutions to address a wide range of seemingly intractable global problems. Installed and managed properly, aquaculture operations can be restorative to ocean environments, counter climate change,
and relieve pressure to farm sensitive terrestrial environments. For these reasons, there is growing social acceptance and political pressure for marine aquaculture expansion, and State, Federal, and International, as well as eNGO-led initiatives are underway. Now is the time to invest in
multi-disciplinary science-based teams that can signpost the sustainable pathway for marine aquaculture by developing monitoring and modeling tools and protocols for measuring associated ecosystem impacts and beneficial services. The yield on that investment will be healthy food and more carbon-neutral
bio-fuels grown in ways that help heal our oceans. A sustained commitment by the United States now to develop the science and technology for future ocean farms will find an enthusiastic audience in young researchers and technologist around the world, who seek better ways to improve people's
lives through their science and problem solving.
Marine Health Hubs: Building Interdisciplinary Regional Hubs of Excellence to Research and Address the Societal Impacts of Marine Debris
Authors: Maslak Tanya M. , Sadoff Natasha
Published: June 2021

Abstract The marine debris challenge requires an interdisciplinary solution, integrating environmental management, public health, stakeholder engagement, capacity building, along with scientific advances. Marine Health Hubs (MHHs), or regional hubs of excellence utilizing
interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle marine debris from environmental, economic, and social perspectives, including health and social equity, are a proposed solution to address this challenge. Applying a collective impact approach, MHHs would build capacity across the research-to-application
continuum: advancing research and technology development, translating science for informed policymaking, increasing awareness through outreach and citizen engagement, and establishing performance-based programs for accountability and continuous improvement. Across this continuum, stakeholder
engagement would ensure locally and culturally appropriate research, tools, and interventions. The strategy and prioritization of each MHH's activities would vary, depending on a region's infrastructure, assets, and needs; however, utilizing a capacity-building framework, MHHs would implement
consensus-based agenda setting, and applied learning for knowledge transfer and peer-to-peer information sharing. This framework has been successfully employed for other environmental governance efforts seeking to address transboundary environmental health threats. Through co-development,
co-design, and co-investment, MHHs would serve as self-sustaining programs capable of adapting to evolving needs, efficiently utilizing resources to reduce plastics pollution, and improve environmental and health outcomes.
Sustaining Ocean Observations: Strategic Messaging and Communications
Authors: Schwartz Sheri
Published: June 2021

Abstract Arguably the most important outcome of the Sustaining Ocean Observations 2.0 Workshop hosted by the Ocean Studies Board was “Strengthening the Collective Voice: Communicating the Importance of Sustained Ocean Observations.” One of the most significant
challenges the ocean observing community faces is articulating the value of ocean information and improving ocean literacy. The Ocean Decade presents a pivotal moment to catalyze new effort and funding that will support strategic and unified messages regarding the role that observations play
in society. Led by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (COL), the proposed strategic messaging and communications initiative will develop consistent, layered, and clear messaging regarding the value of ocean observations. COL will leverage existing interagency programs and trusted partners,
along with external academic, policy, and industry collaborators, to obtain funding and other resources to support the initiative. This Ocean-Shot will build on ideas put forth by Ocean Obs’19, the Ocean Best Practices System, and other UN Ocean Decade initiatives. Primary activities
will include hiring communications experts, surveying the community and relevant partners to collect input on the role of observations, and identifying messaging gaps. This effort would strengthen the community’s collective voice to demonstrate the value of observations to potential
funders, philanthropic or private partners, and governments, and would address the needs of the technology sector.
How Innovations in Mapping Will Help Support the Ocean Decade
Authors: Millar David
Published: June 2021

Abstract A wholly mapped ocean is one of the foundational goals of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This multifaceted initiative aims to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and facilitate improved conditions for sustainable
ocean development worldwide. Meeting this goal will require significant innovations in marine geodesy and survey. The following commentary details how innovations in satellite postioning, satellite imaging technology, remote operations, autonomous vehicles and robotics, and analytics and cloud
automation are helping to provide safer, more efficient, cost-effective and sustainable marine survey and mapping solutions in support of the Ocean Decade. Real-world innovation examples from Geo-data specialist company Fugro are provided.
Appearance of Mandibular Para-radicular Third Molar Radiolucencies on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Salemi Fatemeh , Foroozandeh Maryam , Mirzaee Maryam , Farhadian Maryam , Makateb Paria , Mostafapour Marjan
Published: June 2021

Aims:

Mandibular para-radicular third molar radiolucencies (MPRs) may be mistaken for pathological lesions, leading to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. This study sought to assess the appearance of MPRs on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Settings and Design:

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

This study evaluated 770 CBCT of patients presenting to the dental school of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Demographic information, unilateral or bilateral presence, shape and prevalence of MPRs observed on axial and sagittal sections, their density, thinning of cortical margin, internal trabeculation, bony expansion, and mean height and width of MPRs were all evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used.

Results:

Seventy (9.1%) patients had a total of 82 MPRs, including 51 (72.86%) females. The prevalence of MPRs in females was more than males (P = 0.011). The majority of MPRs were unilateral 58 (70.73%), mostly round in shape 48 (58.54%), and were mostly associated with third molars with distoangular impaction 47 (57.31%); this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in 47 (57.32%) patients, MPRs had less density than the surrounding bone. MPRs were not associated with expansion or root resorption in any patient.

Conclusion:

Differentiation of MPRs from the pathological lesions is important to make a decision about further imaging or referral for surgical treatment. MPRs are often considered normal since they do not cause root resorption or bone expansion and do not affect the lamina dura. MPRs are more commonly found adjacent to third molars with distoangular impaction.
Morphometric Analysis Comparing Human Mandibular Deciduous Molars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: El-Messiry Hend , Alaa Eman
Published: June 2021

Background:

The presence of variations in crown and root measurements in deciduous teeth usually leads to complications during and after treatment. Hence, in order to improve the success rate in pediatric treatment, there must be proper knowledge of dental morphological and morphometric characteristics of deciduous teeth among different populations.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to assess length of the crowns, length of the roots, roots to crown (R/C) ratio, and distance between the floor of pulp chamber to furcation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

Extracted deciduous molar teeth were collected and divided into: group I: Deciduous mandibular first molars (lower D) (n = 16) and Group II: Deciduous mandibular second molars (lower E) (n = 21). The length of the crowns, length of the roots, R/C ratio and distance between the floor of pulp chamber and furcation were measured using CBCT. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Lower D showed smaller crown length with a mean of 4.87 mm, longer mesial root length with a mean of 9.68 mm and greater R/C ratio with a mean of 2 mm when compared to lower E. As for the distal root length and the distance between the floor of the pulp chamber and the furcation area, both molars closely resembled each other. There was a statistical significant difference between both molars regarding mesial root length, crown length, and R/C ratio.

Conclusion:

The current study concluded that dental morphological characteristics are important in research as they provide valuable information about diversities within a population.
Association of Nucleotide Variants of GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 Genes with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With/Without Cleft Palate in Multigenerational Families
Authors: Neela Praveen Kumar , Gosla Srinivas Reddy , Husain Akhter , Mohan Vasavi , Thumoju Sravya , Rajeshwari B. V.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Several genes are associated with the etiology of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in different populations. Many nucleotide variants on genes such as GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 were reported in different populations, but not studied in multigenerational cases in the Indian population.

Aim and Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nucleotide variants rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332 are involved in the etiology of nonsyndromic CLP (NSCLP) in multigenerational Indian families.

Study Design:

Retrospective genetic study.

Materials and Methods:

Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 multigenerational families with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) were selected. Blood samples from both affected and unaffected participants were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Six nucleotide variants on these genes were genotyped to test for the association with NSCL/P. Genotyping was performed with the MassArray method. Genotype distribution was used to calculate the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using PLINK, a whole-genome association analysis toolset. The allelic association was compared among cases and controls using Chi-square test as implemented in PLINK. P ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical differences between groups.

Results:

No significant associations were found between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and NSCL/P. The odds ratio was 1.531, 1.198, 0.8082, 1.418, 1, and 0.5929 for polymorphisms rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that among the multigenerational families in our population, the high-risk nucleotide variants GRHL3 rs41268753, IRF6 rs861020, NAT2 rs1041983, SDC2 rs1042381, BCL3 rs2965169, and PVRL1 rs10790332 are not associated with increased risk of NSCL/P.
Intraoral Management of Latrogenic Tooth Displacement
Authors: Chattopadhyay Abira , Hossain Md. Arif , Chatterjee Aritra , Hussain Mohsina , Barman Sanjit , Raha Anirban
Published: June 2021

Iatrogenic displacement of a tooth or tooth fragment is a rare but well-recognized complication that occurs during exodontia. The most common sites of dislodgment of a mandibular third molar fragment are the sublingual, submandibular, and pterygomandibular and lateral pharyngeal spaces. Removal of a displaced tooth from these spaces may be complex due to poor visualization and limited access. A thorough evaluation of all significant risk factors along with precise localization of the tooth by clinical and radiographic means should be performed to prevent untoward complications. This paper reports two cases of iatrogenic displacement of mandibular third molar teeth, in the sublingual space and lingual pouch. Both the cases were managed intraorally under general anesthesia, and the postoperative healing was satisfactory and uncomplicated. A brief review of literature is also provided in this paper.
Sedative and Behavioral Effects of Intranasal Midazolam in Comparison with Other Administrative Routes in Children Undergoing Dental Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Preethy Neethu Ann , Somasundaram Sujatha
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to systematically identify and evaluate the available literature on the effectiveness of intranasal midazolam sedation compared with midazolam administered through other routes in the sedation and behavior management of children during dental treatment.

Materials and Methods:

The search was done using electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and SIGLE. All studies comparing the sedative effect and behavior management effectiveness of intranasal midazolam with midazolam administered through other routes in children were included.

Results:

Electronic database search identified 163 articles, out of which 143 were excluded after reading titles and removing duplication. The remaining 20 studies were evaluated in detail. A final of 13 studies were included based on the inclusion criteria. Among the 13 studies included in the present review, a high risk of bias was noted in all the 13 articles. There was no adequate blinding of personnel and participants in the study, allocation concealment was improper and presence of inadequate blinding of the outcome assessment. . Statistically, no significant difference was observed between intranasal midazolam and other midazolam routes on behavior and sedation level in the studies included in this review.

Conclusion:

Limited studies are available pertaining to the sedative and behavioral effects of intranasal midazolam, and thus, this review recommends need for more research evaluating the sedative effect of intranasal midazolam in comparison with midazolam administered through other routes in the behavior management of children during dental treatment.
Preauricular Intraparotid Schwannoma
Authors: Bagga Mun Bhawni , Bhatnagar Dipti , Katoch Shiva
Published: June 2021

Schwannoma is a benign tumor rarely found in the intraparotid facial nerve region. It clinically presents as a slow-growing, asymptomatic mass. Due to its rare presentation, preoperative diagnosis is often unclear before surgical removal and histopathological examination. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in suggesting the nature of mass and narrowing down the differentials. The CT scan offers the advantage to detect the relationship of the facial nerve and osseous changes within the bone, however MRI shows a mass relative to brain type of tissue. We report a rare case of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma in a 17-year-old female who had sustained swelling in her left preauricular area for 5 years. Ultrasonography and CT findings revealed the impression of pleomorphic adenoma. However, MRI and histopathological findings were characteristic of schwannoma. Thus, this article provides an insight into a rare presentation of schwannoma with literature review.
Endocrown – A Paradigm Shift in Rehabilitation
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Thakur Sophia , Pandey Nitish Kumar , Roopa B. , Fares K. T.
Published: June 2021

Along with the advent of dentistry, the ideal restoration of an endodontically treated tooth has been a widely discussed and controversial topic. Coronal rehabilitation of an endodontically treated tooth is quite a challenge for clinicians as considerations should be taken for its minimally invasive preparation and the retention and stability of the restoration. With the development of adhesive systems, the need for intraradicular anchorage and thus the post-core system is greatly reduced. Endocrown is a restorative option for an endodontically treated tooth, and it serves as a suitable alternative to the conventional post-core restoration and full-coverage restoration. This novel approach promotes the stability and retention of the indirect restoration without the need of a cast metal core or reconstruction with intracanal post, thereby reducing the treatment time. Thus, endocrown has become a promising alternative in the esthetic and functional rehabilitation of an endodontically treated tooth.
Prosthetic Management of Anophthalmic Socket with an Ocular Defect
Authors: Muhasin C. , Sreenath I. R. , Shamna M.
Published: June 2021

Eyes are generally the first feature of the face to be noticed. Several ocular and orbital disorders require surgical intervention that may result in ocular defects. In this case report, an easy and economical method of fabricating an ocular prosthesis with improved esthetics and color matching for a 4-year-old child diagnosed with retinoblastoma is described.
Poor-Quality Medicines in Cameroon: A Critical Review
Authors: Waffo Tchounga Christelle Ange , Sacré Pierre-Yves , Ciza Hamuli Patient , Ngono Mballa Rose , Nnanga Nga Emmanuel , Hubert Philippe , Marini Djang’eing’a Roland
Published: June 2021

Poor-quality medicines are the cause of many public health and socioeconomic problems. We conducted a review to acquire an overview of the situation concerning such medicines in Cameroon. Different searches were performed on databases from several websites of the WHO, the Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon, the Anti-Counterfeit Medicine Research Institute, the Global Pharma Health Fund, and the Infectious Disease Data Observatory. We identified 92 publications comprised of 19 peer-reviewed studies and 73 alerts. Based on studies completed, 1,664 samples were analyzed, and the prevalence of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines could be estimated for 1,440 samples. A total of 67.5% of these samples were collected from the informal sector, 20.9% from the formal sector, and 11.6% from both sectors. We found a prevalence of SF medicines across the peer-reviewed studies of 26.9%, whereas most of the SF medicines belonged to the anti-infective class. The problem of SF medicines is not studied sufficiently in Cameroon; therefore, efforts should be made to conduct adequate studies in terms of representativity and methodology.
An Examination of Resident Perspectives on Survey Participation and Methodology: Implications for Educational Practice and Research
Authors: Colbert Colleen Y. , Brateanu Andrei , Nowacki Amy S. , Prelosky-Leeson Allison , French Judith C.
Published: June 2021

Background

In medical education, self-administered questionnaires are used to gather information for needs assessments, innovation projects, program evaluations, and research studies. Despite the importance of survey methodology, response rates have declined for years, especially for physicians.

Objective

This study explored residents' experiences with survey participation and perceptions of survey design and implementation.

Methods

In 2019, residents at a large Midwestern academic medical center were recruited via email to participate in mixed specialty focus groups (FGs). Narrative comments were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed via conventional content analysis, utilizing cognitive sociology as a conceptual framework. Themes and subthemes were generated iteratively.

Results

Postgraduate year 1–4 residents (n = 33) from internal medicine, surgery, and neurology participated in 7 FGs (3–7 participants/group) from April–May 2019. Eight themes were generated during content analysis: Negative emotions, professionalism, accuracy, impact, survey design/implementation, biases, survey fatigue, and anonymity. Residents questioned the accuracy of survey data, given the tendency for self-selection to drive survey participation. Residents wanted survey participation to be meaningful and reported non-participation for a variety of reasons, including doubts over impact. Satisficing and breakoffs were commonly reported.

Conclusions

Though residency program cultures differ across institutions, the findings from this study, including potential barriers to survey participation, should be relevant to anyone in graduate medical education using survey methodology for programmatic data collection, accreditation, and research purposes.
A Dynamic Job Shop Model for Scheduling Tasks in a Software Development Environment
Authors: Ribeiro Sildenir Alves , Schmitz Eber Assis , Da Silva Mônica Fereira , De Alencar Antônio Juarez Sylvio Menezes
Published: June 2021

This work proposes a Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling (DJSS) model for scheduling the task in a software production environment. The aim is to organize the insertion of tasks in the shop in a precedence order previously defined that obeys the mapping of the critical path and the critical chain to identify constraints in the productive process. The complexity and dynamism of the software development environment require a mature and adjusted process that enables management throughout its extension. Therefore, the Unified Process (UP) was used in conjunction with the Theory of Constraints (TOC) in the Software Development Process (SDP). The UP requires an efficient model for the processing of activities, given by the set of independent variables involved in the process. For this reason, a model to programming the task based on dynamic scheduling was developed. The problem around the DJSS is to program the tasks in the shop in a way that allows to identify one or more production lines in the shop with constraints of capacity at runtime. A capacity constraint is any element that disturbs the productive process, causing L={Mi Aj} to have delivery (DA) of less than 100% of the artifacts, given by the set of jobs (jn) scheduled. The resource with capacity constraint limits the production of the machines in the production line, leading to bottlenecks in the production process. A bottleneck, in turn, is denoted by the production limitation of a machine (people) caused by one or more capacity constraints that imply maximum production, which in this case is defined by D={Mi, Aj=100%}. In this work, the maximum production is given by the set of tasks processed in each of the phases of the UP and according to the productive calendar, which delimits the deadline of each delivery and establishes the budget of hours for the shop. The set of tasks scheduled and "rescheduling" and properly processed in all phases define the total production of each machine. The use of DJSS facilitated the organization and management of insertion and rescheduling operations in the shop and as result, produced data to measure the effort/time that allowed identifying the bottleneck of the software production process.
Facets of Fit, Flourishing and Organisational Commitment as Explanatory Mechanisms of Talent Retention in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Ferreira Nadia , Potgieter Ingrid
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between the concepts, “fit”, “flourishing” and “organisational commitment”, in order to inform talent retention within the hospitality industry. In addition, the study aimed to determine whether demographic variables and the facets of “fit” and “flourishing” can predict organisational commitment of employees. The study utilised a non-probability convenience sampling method (N = 389) to select employees from the hospitality industry across the Indian Ocean (Maldives, Seychelles, Mauritius and Madagascar). The sample was mostly local Mauritian males. Bivariate correctional analysis revealed positive relationships between the facets, “fit”, “flourishing” and “organisational commitment”, in the hospitality industry and further indicated that the demographic variables, and the facets of “fit” and “flourishing” can positively and significantly predict organisational commitment. The findings contribute new insights into the constructs of “fit”, “flourishing” and “organisational commitment” and extends research on antecedents of organisational commitment. These findings provide valuable talent retention recommendations for the hospitality industry. Organisations in the hospitality industry could apply these results and recommendations to effectively develop interventions for retaining their employees by taking into consideration the aspects of fit, flourishing and organisational commitment of their employees.
‘A Haunting of Ancestors’: The Conjuring of Memory in Indigenous South African Poetry
Authors: Genis Gerhard
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on the interaction of language, the physical and psychological body and the environment in creating a conjuring of ancestors in indigenous South African poetry. The ‘haunting’ of the ancestors is mirrored by the intergenerational word-traces in the indigenous poems. These ‘poetic bodies’ are laced with word and phrase markers that consist of culturalspecific metonyms, metaphors and archetypes. The poetic bodies are subsequently stringed together by the word-traces that pulsate in the chromosomes and the minds of the progeny. They order the remembrance and re-membrance of the ancestors within a specific culturalhistorical context. Significantly, these ‘poetic bodies’ are conduits of consciousness that reflect communal practices or archetypes and images of loss and gain.
Educação Física na escola: o ensino e aprendizagem em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Madrid Silvia Christina de Oliveira , Taques Marcelo José , Honorato Ilma Célia Ribeiro , Grando Daiane
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os avanços, desafios e limitações do ensino e aprendizagem da Educação Física no ensino remoto, nas escolas públicas estaduais paranaenses, perante o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. A pesquisa foi realizada nas escolas do Núcleo Regional de Educação de Guarapuava, participaram 33 professores de Educação Física respondentes do questionário no formato Google forms. Os dados da pesquisa foram organizados em categorias, nas quais apresentamos elementos da prática pedagógica, relatos dos professores sobre o cotidiano escolar e aspectos sobre o trabalho docente no ensino remoto. Consideramos no estudo a capacitação e adaptação dos professores aos recursos tecnológicos, o desgaste físico e psicológico, a interferência do distanciamento social no processo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que não ocorreram avanços significativos no ensino e aprendizagem, muitos alunos tem acesso limitado à Internet, a participação e motivação dos alunos é baixa, faltam aulas práticas, as avaliações são superficiais e ineficazes e os professores afirmam que perderam a autonomia. Concluímos que os desafios enfrentados pelos professores de Educação Física no ensino remoto predominam e tem limitado o ensino e aprendizagem nas escolas públicas paranaenses.
Biomecánicas del clin olímpico en halterofilia. Diferencias entre deportistas de alto nivel y novatos
Authors: Ramírez Balcázar Juan Carlos , Quintanilla Ayala Leonardo Xavier
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La halterofilia al requerir levantar el mayor peso posible necesita optimizar diversas variables del rendimiento deportivo, incluyendo la técnica deportiva como componente determinante en el proceso de dirección del entrenamiento deportivo aplicado. Objetivo: comparar biomecánicamente el clin olímpico en halterofilia, teniendo presente las diferencias entre deportistas de alto nivel y novatos de la Federación Deportiva Provincial de Orellana. Métodos: investigación descriptiva-correlativa de orden transversal, estudiado dos grupos independientes de 5 deportistas de halterofilia de alto nivel, y 6 de nivel novato. Se investigan los resultados en tres variables (AFR: articulación femorotibial rotuliana, ACF: articulación coxofemoral y TE: tiempo de ejecución), calificando el movimiento motriz cualitativamente, y realizando una comparación en cada variable de análisis. Resultados: Las medias registradas fueron superiores en los atletas de alto rendimiento (AFR: 118.4°; ACF: 85° y TE: 3.18s) que en los atletas de nivel novato (AFR: 111.17°; ACF: 81.17° y TE: 3.67s), no existiendo diferencias significativas entre grupos independientes, obteniendo la evaluación cualitativa de la trayectoria de la barra un nivel superior en atletas de alto rendimiento (media de 2.8 puntos: Bueno-Muy Bueno) que los atletas novatos (media de 1.5 puntos: Malo-Bueno). Conclusiones: El estudio realizado reafirma que las medias alcanzadas en las variables ángulos de las rodillas, ángulo de la articulación coxofemoral y tiempo de ejecución fueron mayormente positivas en los atletas de altos rendimientos que, en atletas novatos, requiriendo ampliar los estudios con muestras mayores a las investigadas.
Формирование медиаграмотности будущих воспитателей дошкольных образовательных учреждений
Authors: Листопад А. А. , Листопад Н. Л.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the relevance and necessity of forming media literacy among future pre-school teachers. The aims, objectives, means and features of using digital technologies in education are analyzed. The role of digital technologies in the process of forming the media literacy of future pre-school teachers is examined.
The results of the pilot study on the development of digital media literacy among future pre-school teachers are presented in the article.