bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to Posttranslational Control by Ubiquitin-Dependent Proteolysis
Authors: Jackson Peter K
Published: November 2023

Posttranslational modification of proteins allows an expansion of the side-chain chemistry of the translationally encoded amino acids to widen the range of protein activities. The ability to reversibly modify proteins at specific times provides a flexible means for regulating protein function on a wide range of time scales. A selective list of post- translational modifications is provided in Table 129–1. To create this broad repertoire, a large number of protein-modifying enzymes and cofactors evolved to catalyze these additions, typically on specific consensus sites within target proteins. For a given posttranslational mechanism to function, both the trans-acting modifying enzymes and the cisacting sites of modification on protein targets must be intact. A wide range of human genetic diseases have already been found to involve deficiencies in both the modifying enzymes and their recognition sites on protein targets, and more examples are likely on the way. Among the most highly studied posttranslational mechanisms is the addition of the 76 amino acid protein ubiquitin to other proteins, a modification used (1) to tag proteins for proteolytic destruction by a pathway to be described here and (2) to more directly modify the activity of proteins, in many cases through the assembly of protein complexes on site of monoubiquitination or on assembled ubiquitin chains.
UBR1 and the N-end Rule Pathway and the Johanson–Blizzard Syndrome
Authors: Zenker Martin
Published: November 2023

Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS; OMIM 243800) is an autosomal recessive condition comprising multiple congenital anomalies and frequent mental retardation. Its most constant features are nasal wing hypoplasia and congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which is most likely due to intrauterine-onset destruction of acinar cells. Additional features include short stature, oligodontia, deafness, scalp defects, hypothyroidism, imperforate anus, and genitourinary malformations. JBS results from homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations at UBR1, leading to a loss of function of the homonymous ubiquitin (Ub) ligase of the N-end rule pathway. JBS is the first and only human disorder of this system that is known so far. The N-end rule pathway represents a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed component of the Ub-proteasome system, which controls the levels of many intracellular proteins. The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal amino acid residue in that specific residues act as destabilizing signals (N-degrons). A large number of proteins are potential substrates of this pathway. The restricted organ involvement in JBS possibly re8ect “leaks” in the overlapping substrate spectra of the pathway’s Ub ligases UBR1 and UBR2, but the individual proteins whose increased levels or prolonged half-life are primarily involved in the pathogenesis of the manifestations of JBS are not yet known. There is emerging evidence that clinical variability of JBS is at least in part related to the genotype.
MMP2 and the Multicentric Osteolysis, Nodulosis, and Arthropathy (MONA) and Winchester Syndromes
Authors: Mosig Rebecca A , Dowling, Oonagh , Martignetti John A
Published: November 2023

The inherited osteolyses or “vanishing bone” syndromes are a group of rare skeletal disorders (Torg and Steel, 1968; Torg et al., 1969; Whyte et al., 1978; Fryns et al., 1980; Hemingway et al., 1983; Hardegger et al., 1985; Petit and Fryns, 1986; Raat et al., 1994; Brennan and Pauli, 2001) distinguished by their differing anatomical distribution, degrees of severity, inheritance pattern, and associated syndromic features (Hardegger et al., 1985; Petit and Fryns, 1986). Multicentric osteolysis with nodulosis and arthropathy [MONA, NAO, or Al Aqeel–Sewairi, syndrome (OMIM 605156)] is an autosomal recessive member of this group notable for the extent of carpal and tarsal osteolysis and interphalangeal joint erosions, facial dysmorphia, and the presence of 2brocollagenous nodules (Al Aqeel et al., 2000). The availability of three large and unrelated families with this syndrome originally permitted a positional cloning approach to identifythecausative gene. Agenome-wide search was performed for regions that were homozygous by descent and the disease gene was localized to 16q12-21. Molecular analysis of the candidate genes within this locus found that all MONA affected patients lacked MMP2 gelatinolytic activity and that this de2ciency was the result of inactivating mutations in the MMP2 gene (Martignetti et al., 2001). Since this original report, a number of additional individuals with vanishing bone disease and MMP2 mutations have been identi2ed, revealing the pan-ethnic nature of the disease. Most recently, novel findings suggest that Winchester syndrome (Zankl et al., 2005; Rouzier et al., 2006) and MONA may be allelic variants representing a spectrum of MMP2 deficiency disorders.
The Library of Congress
Authors: Hayes Kevin J
Published: November 2023

Patrick Magruder, the ailing Librarian of Congress, left Washington in late July 1814 on his physician’s advice to visit the Virginia hot springs in order to recover his health. Before leaving, he put J. T. Frost in charge. Frost, the congressional clerk who acted as assistant librarian, was aided by Samuel Burch, another clerk in the House of Representatives. Unaware of the impending crisis, Magruder did not tell Frost what to do in case of attack. He simply instructed him to air out the books according to regulation. For the sake of the Library of Congress, Magruder chose the worst possible time to take sick leave. Had he stayed in Washington to fulfill his official responsibilities, however, chances are he could have done little more to save the library from destruction than Frost and Burch were able to do.1
An Integrative Approach to Cancer Prevention
Authors: Greenlee Heather
Published: November 2023

An individual’s risk of developing cancer is determined in part by genetic predisposition and lifetime exposures. Information about these factors can be used to recommend an appropriate screening schedule. Conventional approaches to cancer prevention include behavioral modifications (such as dietary changes and physical activity), biological agents (such as antioxidants, multivitamins, minerals, hormone modulators, and anti-inflammatory agents), surgery, and vaccinations.
Diet and Cancer: Epidemiology and Prevention
Authors: Thomson Cynthia A
Published: November 2023

Cancer is a chronic disease that occurs through multiple insults to cells and tissue; therefore, it is most likely to be prevented by repeated exposures to sufficient amounts of cancer-preventive nutrients and bioactive food component consumed throughout the lifespan. Cancer-preventive bioactive compounds are found predominantly in foods of plant origin and most have several biological activities associated with reduced cancer risk. Diet alters carcinogenesis through a variety of molecular and cellular pathways including immune modulation, methylation, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Mind-Body Medicine in Integrative Cancer Care
Authors: Rossman Martin l. , shrock dean
Published: November 2023

A serious cancer diagnosis carries unique psychological challenges. A compassionate physician with an integrative perspective can be a key ally. The ubiquity of the placebo effect suggests that every communication between a doctor and patient is a mind-body interaction that can have effects as potent as a scalpel or cytotoxic agent. Professionals need to be aware of the power of their communications and use them skillfully. There are a wide range of mind-body approaches that allow professionals to help cancer patients, and allow patients to help themselves. They can be delivered as self-care tools, in groups, or in individual sessions.
Cancer: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Dhruva Anand , Nanal, Ramesh , Nanal Vilas
Published: November 2023

Ayurveda originated in ancient India with knowledge being passed through the oral tradition from teacher to student. The Pancha Mahaabhootas are the five great elements—air, fire, water, space, and earth. The qualities of these five great elements exist in varying proportions in all life in the universe. The qualities represented in the Pancha Mahaabhoota are present in all people in varying proportions to create each person’s Prakruti or constitution. The Prakruti is defined in terms of the three Doshas: Vaata, Pitta, and Kapha. Vaata is a combination of air and space, Pitta is a combination of fire and water, and Kapha is a combination of earth and water.
Integrative Medicine in Symptom Management and Palliative Care
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Sood Amit , Barton, Debra l. , Loprinzi Charles L
Published: November 2023

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are widely used among cancer patients and some of them may be helpful in the management of cancer-related symptoms. Mind–body interventions, and other relaxation therapies, such as massage and music, appear to be bene!cial in alleviating cancer pain, improving mood symptoms and decreasing insomnia. Acupuncture therapy can reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting and cancer-related pain, while aerobic exercise appears to reduce fatigue. Dietary supplements, including St. John’s wort and SAMe, appear to be helpful in treating depression, while capsaicin cream can reduce cancer pain and postsurgical neuropathic pain.
Truth and Truth Telling in Integrative Oncology
Authors: Surbone Antonella
Published: November 2023

The patient–doctor relationship is a therapeutic alliance in which the two partners are bound by justice and trust in a mutual, goal- oriented relationship of help between one partner who is in need of expertise and care and another who can provide these. The patient–doctor relationship has an intrinsic asymmetry, which is increased by the vulnerability that the illness induces in the patient and by the power imbalance between the two partners. As a consequence, the relationship cannot be simply described in contractual terms, as it involves the dimensions of care and trust. The notion of individual autonomy is now replaced by that of relational autonomy, which takes into account our being embedded in a relational context that sustains us through our life, while creating reciprocal responsibilities.
A Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Shirmohamadi Manuchehr
Published: November 2023

This chapter describes my experience in detection of cancer and my reactions to it; in information gathering and screening about cancer and its treatments; and in fighting the disease. It also contains some “advice” I learned from my experience for a better living. Most importantly, this chapter presents how cancer changed me. When I was invited to contribute to this book, I was honored and overwhelmed. While I had written technical reports and papers in my line of business—engineering, I had never written a story about myself. So, the thought of writing something nontechnical and, especially, about my own experience and feelings overwhelmed me. However, it took me only a short time to discover that I, as a cancer patient and survivor, have a lot to say and share about my condition, which I hope benefits others. Therefore, I decided to take on this challenge and provide my perspective.
Addiction and Mood Disorders
Authors: Daley Dennis C , Douaihy Antoine
Published: November 2023

One in three people with depression, and six out of ten people with bipolar disorder experience alcohol or drug abuse or dependency during their lifetime. Addiction and Mood Disorders: A Guide for Clients and Families is designed primarily to educate these individuals with dual disorders and their families about mood and addictive use disorders. It not only gives a message of hope, but also provides practical suggestions on ways to manage these disorders. The author provides guidelines and strategies for recovery from dual disorders based on, and adapted from various treatments that have proven effective for addiction, mood disorders, or both. This book is filled with case examples that show growth and positive change, as well as the difficulties many individuals struggling with a dual diagnosis face. Advocating a "recovery" model in which the affected individual takes responsibility for getting the most out of professional treatment and self-help programs, this book shows that being an active participant is the key to getting the most out of your recovery.
RA: Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Peter W H , Lieh-Mak F , Mak K Y , Fung Amy S M , Wong M C , Lam Julia
Published: November 2023

Hong Kong, one of the last of the British Crown colonies, reverted to Chinese sovereignty in July 1997. For the duration of the study, however, Hong Kong had a British-appointed Governor, a civil service of predominantly Chinese origin but with an over representation of British in the top ranks, appointed members of the Executive Council, and a predominantly elected Legislative Council. Hong Kong consists of four relatively distinct geographic areas, namely Hong Kong Island, a group of outlying islands nearby, Kowloon peninsula, and parts of the New Territories adjoining Mainland China. Ninety-five percent of the population is Chinese and Cantonese speaking, with an ever-increasing number of residents speaking English as well. The literacy rate is over 90%.
Nobel Prizes: Lewis and Langmuir
Authors: Coffey Patrick
Published: November 2023

After a long wait, the letter from Einstein finally arrived in the summer of 1926. Gilbert Lewis deciphered the neat German script, translating it to see what Einstein thought of his theories on the nature of radiation and time. It started out on a positive note: “Many thanks for your letter and your papers, which I read with great pleasure. The ideas you suggest in ‘The Nature of Light’ are the same as I have agonizingly turned over in my own mind without coming to a conclusion.
Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style
Authors: Machery Edouard , Mallon Ron , Nichols Shaun , Stich Stephen P
Published: November 2023

Theories of meaning and reference have been at the heart of analytic philosophy since the beginning of the twentieth century. Two views, the descriptivist view of reference and the causal-historical view of reference, have dominated the field. The reference of names has been a key issue in this controversy. Despite numerous disagreements, philosophers agree that theories of reference for names have to be consistent with our intuitions regarding who or what the names refer to. Thus, the common wisdom in philosophy is that Kripke (1972/1980) has refuted the traditional descriptivist theories of reference by producing some famous stories which elicit intuitions that are inconsistent with these theories. In light of recent work in cultural psychology (Nisbett, Peng, Choi, & Norenzayan, 2001; Weinberg, Nichols, & Stich, 2001), we came to suspect that the intuitions that guide theorizing in this domain might well differ between members of East Asian and Western cultures. In this essay, we present evidence that probes closely modeled on Kripke’s stories elicit significantly different responses from East Asians (EAs) (Hong Kong undergraduates) and Westerners (Ws) (American undergraduates), and we discuss the significance of this finding for the philosophical pursuit of a theory of reference.
Is Incompatibilism Intuitive?
Authors: Nahmias Eddy , Morris Stephen G , Nadelhoffer Thomas , Turner Jason
Published: November 2023

Incompatibilists believe that the freedom associated with moral responsibility is impossible if determinism is true, and they often claim that this is the natural view to take given that it is purportedly supported by ordinary intuitions. In this essay, we challenge the claim that incompatibilism is intuitive to most laypersons, and we discuss the significance of this challenge to the free will debate. In doing so, we first argue that it is particularly important for incompatibilists that their view of free will is intuitive given that it is more metaphysically demanding than compatibilist alternatives (§1). We then suggest that determining whether incompatibilism is in fact intuitive calls for empirical testing of pretheoretical judgments about relevant cases (§2). We therefore carried out some empirical studies of our own, and the results put significant pressure on the claim that incompatibilism is intuitive to the majority of laypersons (§3). Having examined the relevant data, we consider several potential objections to our approach and show why they fail to get incompatibilists off the hook (§4). We conclude that while our preliminary data suggest that incompatibilism is not as intuitive as incompatibilists have traditionally assumed, more work should be done both to determine what ordinary intuitions about free will and moral responsibility actually are and to understand what role these intuitions should play in the free will debate.
Choral Repertoire
Authors: ShrockP Dennis
Published: November 2023

Choral Repertoire is the definitive and comprehensive one-volume presentation of the canon of the Western choral tradition. Designed for practicing conductors and directors, students and teachers of choral music, amateur and professional singers, scholars, and interested vocal enthusiasts, it is an account of the complete choral output of the most significant composers of this genre throughout history. Organized by era (Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern), Choral Repertoire covers general characteristics of each historical era; trends and styles unique to various countries; biographical sketches of over 500 composers; and performance annotations of more than 5,000 individual works. This book will be an essential guide to programming, a reference tool for program notes and other research, and, most importantly, a key resource for conductors, instructors, scholars, and students of choral music.
The Innate Mind
Authors: Carruthers Peter , Laurence Stephen , Stich Stephen
Published: November 2023

This is the third volume of a three-volume set on The Innate Mind. The extent to which cognitive structures, processes, and contents are innate is one of the central questions concerning the nature of the mind, with important implications for debates throughout the human sciences. By bringing together the top nativist scholars in philosophy, psychology, and allied disciplines these volumes provide a comprehensive assessment of nativist thought and a definitive reference point for future nativist inquiry. The Innate Mind: Volume 3: Foundations and the Future, concerns a variety of foundational issues as well as questions about the direction of future nativist research. It addresses such questions as: What is innateness? Is it a confused notion? What is at stake in debates between nativists and empiricists? What is the relationship between genes and innateness? How do innate structures and learned information interact to produce adult forms of cognition, e.g. about number, and how does such learning take place? What innate abilities underlie the creative aspect of language, and of creative cognition generally? What are the innate foundations of human motivation, and of human moral cognition? In the course of their discussions, many of the contributors pose the question (whether explicitly or implicitly): Where next for nativist research? Together, these three volumes provide the most intensive and richly cross-disciplinary investigation of nativism ever undertaken. They point the way toward a synthesis of nativist work that promises to provide a powerful picture of our minds and their place in the natural order.
Choosing Ends
Authors: Schmidtz David
Published: November 2023

“Reason” has a perfectly clear and precise meaning. It signifies the choice of the right means to an end that you wish to achieve. It has nothing whatever to do with the choice of ends.
A Complex and Captivating Personality
Authors: Philippon Jacques , Poirier Jacques
Published: November 2023

According to those who knew him, Babinski’s appearance attracted particular attention and le[ no one indiUerent.1 Well over six feet tall, he had a sepulchral voice combined with a gentle expression, both accompanied by an unforgettable Slavic charm. As described by his friend Vaquez, “At the height of his powers, Babinski was a fine-looking man; his majestic presence, his glance, at the same time tender and piercing, made him one of the elite.”2 Léon Daudet, who usually wrote with a scathing pen, fired off none of the unpleasant comments he habitually used with the other pupils of Charcot: “His very tall height, his open face, his rapid look, piercing glance, his strong voice, his clear laughter made him likeable to all.”3
The Babinskis and Their Polish Roots
Authors: Philippon Jacques , Poirier Jacques
Published: November 2023

At the time of Joseph Babinski’s birth in 1857, Poland could boast but a mere shadow of its former glory. Following three successive partitions in the late eighteenth century, it was divided between Austria, Prussia, and Russia. As delimited in 1815 by the Treaty of Vienna, the Kingdom of Poland, also named “the Congress Kingdom,” comprised roughly three-quarters of the former Great Duchy of Warsaw and was ruled over by the Russian emperor. Cracow, where Joseph’s father was born, became a free city and enjoyed limited autonomy.
The Competitive Examinations
Authors: Philippon Jacques , Poirier Jacques
Published: November 2023

Competitive examinations in both the university and hospital systems are a French peculiarity, the purpose of which is to select the “elites” based upon a series of di4cult and challenging tests, both written and oral. For medicine, they were institutionalized at the beginning of the nineteenth century under the First Empire, as part of Napoleon’s educational reforms. 9e externat, internat, and médicat examinations in Paris hospitals were defined by the statutes of the Health Service in 1804, while the agrégation dated from 1823. 9e open competition of the Paris Hospital system was completely independent from that of the University, and held under the authority of the Assistance Publique: in French medicine, they have the highest reputation and are the most sought after. After two years of medical school, a student may compete for the Externat; those who succeed are attached to a medical or surgical department where they walk the wards with senior physicians and can be assigned accomplish some simple tasks (dressing, punctures, therapeutic bleedings).
Spectrum of clinical manifestations
Authors: Rajput Alex
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) was named for British physician James Parkinson (1755–1824), who described the condition in 1817 based on his observations of six persons in London, England, only three of whom he examined in person.
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Subramanian Indu
Published: November 2023

Parkinsonism is a syndrome that presents with motor symptoms including tremor, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability. In general, to make a clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism the presence of at least two of four major signs is required: tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.
The role of imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jennings Danna
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive condition diagnosed by the cardinal clinical features of resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. While the diagnosis in many cases is easily recognized, the variability of disease presentation or an unclear response to therapy can make the diagnosis uncertain. Long-term clinicopathologic studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of PD demonstrate error rates of up to 24%. The diagnoses most commonly mistaken for PD are progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).1–3 However, early in the course of PD the diagnoses most commonly mistaken for PD include essential tremor (ET), vascular parkinsonism, drug-induced parkinsonism, and Alzheimer’s disease.4,5
Management of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kluger Benzi M , Fernandez Hubert H
Published: November 2023

Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is traditionally thought of as a disorder of motor function, nonmotor symptoms are increasingly recognized as a significant source of disability and suffering. Nonmotor symptoms can be classifled as intrinsic or iatrogenic. The most common intrinsic nonmotor symptoms recognized in PD patients are depression, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysfunction. Frequent iatrogenic complications include psychosis, compulsions, and impulse control disorders. These symptoms often do not respond to standard dopaminergic PD therapies. In fact, dopaminergic medications frequently contribute to the onset and exacerbation of these symptoms. The spectrum of nonmotor manifestations of PD is reviewed in Chapter 1. This chapter highlights some of the unique challenges associated with their treatment.
Surgical management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Isaias Ioannis U , Tagliati Michele
Published: November 2023

Increasing interest in functional neurosurgery for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been fostered over the past decade by the limitations of levodopa therapy, our improved understanding of basal ganglia pathophysiology, and technological advances, most importantly the development of deep brain stimulation (DBS). When used for the treatment of movement disorders, DBS typically targets three areas of the brain: the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim), the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). As Vim DBS almost exclusively improves contralateral tremor, it has been progressively replaced by DBS at the two other targets for PD treatment, even when tremor predominates.
The Legacy Of Punctuated Equilibrium
Authors: Geary Dana H
Published: November 2023

The idea for which Steve Gould is best remembered might well be punctuated equilibrium, which he coauthored with Niles Eldredge. A great many thousands of pages have been written about punctuated equilibrium since 1972; it is clearly impossible to characterize all of the discussion in a short essay. My intent here is to summarize my view of what about punctuated equilibrium has proven correct or successful and what has changed or remains uncertain. I will also discuss various aspects of the legacy of punctuated equilibrium.
Choosing for Disability
Authors: Davis Dena S
Published: November 2023

In This Chapter I take up one of the thorniest issues in genetic ethics—how should professionals respond to parents who wish to use the new techniques of reproductive and genetic medicine to make sure that their children’s genetic heritage reflects their parents’ disability? Is this another example of client autonomy, where professionals should be delighted that new techniques allow them to give clients what they want? Or should professionals decline to participate in ventures that aim at producing children who are intentionally less than healthy? And what do we mean by “healthy,” anyway?
Our Stories Essays On Life, Death, And Free Will
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

In this collection of essays on the metaphysical issues pertaining to death, the meaning of life, and freedom of the will, John Martin Fischer argues (against the Epicureans) that death can be a bad thing for the individual who dies. He defends the claim that something can be a bad thing--a misfortune-for an individual, even if he never experiences it as bad (and even if he does not any longer exist). Fischer also defends the commonsense asymmetry in our attitudes toward death and prenatal nonexistence: we are indifferent to the time before we are born, but we regret that we do not live longer. Further, Fischer argues (against the immortality curmudgeons, such as Heidegger and Bernard Williams), that immortal life could be desirable, and shows how the defense of the (possible) badness of death and the (possible) goodness of immortality exhibit a similar structure; on Fischer’ s view, the badness of death and the goodness of life can be represented on spectra that display certain continuities. Building on Fischer’ s previous book, My Way a major aim of this volume is to show important connections between issues relating to life and death and issues relating to free will. More specifically, Fischer argues that we endow our lives with a certain distinctive kind of meaning--an irreducible narrative dimension of value--by exhibiting free will. Thus, in acting freely, we transform our lives so that our stories matter.
Why Immortality Is Not So Bad
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

I shall begin by laying out some of the key elements of Bernard Williams’s fascinating and influential discussion of immortality, ‘The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality’. Williams discusses a character in a play by Karel Čapek (which was made into an opera by Janaček.) This character had various names with the initials EM. When she was 42 years of age, her father gave her an elixir of life which rendered her capable of living forever (at the biological age of 42). At the time of action of the play, EM is aged 342. As Williams puts it, ‘ her unending life has come to a state of boredom, indifference and coldness. Everything is joyless . . . In the end, she refuses the elixir and dies, and the formula is destroyed by a young woman (despite the protests of some older men!).’For my purposes here, it will be useful to begin by distilling from Williams’s rich and intriguing discussion his general framework for analyzing models of immortality.
Free Will, Death, and Immortality: The Role of Narrative
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

The notion of ‘narrative’is rich and suggestive, but, at the same time, vexed. The notion is invoked by philosophers and literary theorists (and others) in very different ways. Despite the confusions engendered by its multiple meanings and uses, I believe that the notion of narrative can be illuminating with respect to issues about freedom, death, immortality, and the meaning of life. Care must be taken, however, to distinguish different ideas, and to apply them appropriately. In previous work, I have made some tentative and sketchy suggestions. I have claimed that the value of acting freely, or acting in such a way as to be morally responsible, is the value of self-expression. When I act freely, I ‘make a statement,’and the value of my free action is the value of writing a sentence in the book of my life (my narrative), rather than the value of ‘ making a difference’(of a certain sort) to the world. I have not suggested that artistic self-expression is the only value, or a hegemonic one; rather, the suggestion was that the value of free action is the value, whatever that is, of artistic self-expression. Further, I have suggested that our lives’having the signature features of narrative does not in itself imply that immortality would necessarily be undesirable (or even unrecognizably similar to our current lives).
Stories and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

In various places, I (sometimes in collaboration with Mark Ravizza) have sought to present the elements of a theoretical “framework for moral responsibility.”1 Here I shall begin by sketching the framework in order to give the background for a more detailed development of the idea that the value of acting so as to be morally responsible is the value of a certain distinctive kind of self-expression.The overall framework for moral responsibility includes (at least) the following elements: a distinction between the concept of moral responsibility and its conditions of application; a distinction between “regulative” and “guidance” control; an argument that guidance control, and not regulative control, is the “freedom-relevant” condition linked to moral responsibility; an account of guidance control in terms of mechanism ownership and moderate reasons-responsiveness; an argument that guidance control, so construed, is compatible with causal determinism; and an account of the value of moral responsibility (in terms of self-expression).
Justice, Democracy, and Social Values
Authors: Powers Madison , Faden Ruth
Published: November 2023

An important line of recent argument emphasizes both the limitations of theories of justice to resolve priority-setting issues and the need to incorporate the public’s values into such decisions. In the case of cost-utility analysis (CUA), the aim has been to temper its recommendations in order to make more room for considerations of justice in distribution. In other cases, the aspiration is to fill out the details where theory leaves off. We acknowledge the importance of both aspirations, but we argue that many of the proposals do less than promised without having to recur to theories of justice for help. We argue also that our theory constrains the permissible range of choices produced by the various democratic or procedural justice approaches.
Facts and Theory
Authors: Powers Madison , Faden Ruth
Published: November 2023

A principal conclusion of chapter 7 is that empirical data about public preferences, no matter how sophisticated or thoughtful the methodology, cannot by themselves tell us how to construct just health policies. Neither, however, can theories of justice. If we have reached one insight in the writing of this book it is that the practical pursuit of justice in health policy requires the effective integration of the contributions of moral and political theory with the findings of social and biomedical science. This insight has guided the construction of our theory of justice, which starts with an understanding of the world as it is and then continuously invites and requires empirical inquiry in order to continuously revise what that understanding is. Our theory identifies and highlights the kinds of empirical questions that need to be asked and answered in the search for what health policies are just. It provides guidance to empirical researchers and policy makers about the kinds of data that are needed if considerations of justice are to be taken into account in the design of new policies and programs and in the evaluation of existing policies and practices.
Transsexuality and Contextual Identities
Authors: Warnke Georgia
Published: November 2023

Jan Morris begins her 1974 memoir with the words, “I was three or perhaps four when I realized that I had been born into the wrong body and should really be a girl.”1 Raymond Thompson writes, “My body didn’t exist in the way it was born; for me it only existed in my inner identity as a male.”2 And in her 2003 memoir, Jennifer Boylan writes, “The awareness that I was in the wrong body, living the wrong life was never out of my conscious mind—never.”3 In this essay, I want to explore these claims. What does it mean to possess or inhabit the wrong body? Why does wrongness manifest itself as an issue of genitalia? What does it mean to think one should “really be a girl” or to possess the “inner identity” of a male? Here I am interested in the relation between one’s body and particularly one’s genitalia and one’s felt identity. Because this relation is often viewed as one between physical sex and psychic gender, I begin with this relation.
Trans Identities and First-Person Authority
Authors: Bettcher Talia Mae
Published: November 2023

Trans studies constitute part of the coming-to-voice of transpeople, long the theorized and researched objects of sexology, psychiatry, and feminist theory. Sandy Stone’s pioneering “The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto” sought the end of monolithic medical and feminist accounts of transsexuality to reveal a multiplicity of trans-authored narratives.1 My goal is a better understanding of what it is for transpeople to come to this polyvocality. I argue that trans politics ought to proceed with the principle that transpeople have firstperson authority (FPA) over their own gender; and I clarify what this means.2
The Joycean Labyrinth
Authors: Kumar Udaya
Published: November 2023

This powerful and unusual study examines the relations between the textual organization of Ulysses and the notions of time, language, and poetics implicit in the novel. Making use of recent developments in philosophy and literary theory, Udaya Kumar takes issue with those who, like Richard Ellmann, see Ulysses as a fully coherent text. Instead, he argues that the novel is a complex transitional text involving various degrees of mediation between opposing impulses such as naturalism and schematism, unification and detotalization. The book begins with an examination of the pervasive use of repetition in Ulysses and shows that this results in a disruption of linear time and creates a `textual memory'. This argument is further developed in relation to the question of time and the sign, where Ulysses is shown to display a differentiated and heterogeneous temporal experience. Finally, examining Joyce's early theories, it is argued that Ulysses implies a radical notion of tradition as the site of difference and of the work of art as the reperformance of elements from tradition. The concluding chapter clarifies this idea in relation to other strands in modernism and postmodernism.
In the Circumstances About Poems and Poets
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: November 2023

In the Circumstances is a study of the way people other than their authors contribute to poems. Discussing work by Wordsworth, Browning, Hardy, Pound, Eliot, Montale, Auden, Lowell, and Hill, the book explores how other people's lives and wider circumstances can influence the textual contexts of the poems and be felt within the works themselves. These circumstances emerge in such things as allusions to political events of the day, the inclusion of proper names and, above all, in the citation or absorption of the words of others. The book asks how the poets themselves worked these circumstances into the fabric of their poems, and what bearing this has on subsequent acts of revision and translation. These are current issues: for all those involved with poetry, as readers or writers, this book will provide pleasure and stimulus. After his first collection of poetry, Overdrawn Account (1980), Peter Robinson was described by Eric Griffiths in PN Review as `the finest poet of his generation'. His second volume This Other Life (1988) won the Cheltenham Prize. With Marcus Perrymen he has translated the complete poems of Vittorio Sereni, a selection of which appeared in 1990. A new book of his own poems is due in 1992.
Waving the Flag
Authors: Higson Andrew
Published: November 2023

What does it mean to talk about a 'national' cinema? To what extent can British cinema, dominated for so many years by Hollywood, be considered a national cinema? Waving the Flag investigates these questions from a historical point of view, and challenges the received wisdoms of British cinema history in many ways. Drawing some revealing conclusions about the extent to which the many rich traditions of British film-making share the same distinctive stylistic and ideological characteristics, what emerges is a sometimes surprising picture of a specifically national cinema. Andrew Higson investigates theories of national cinema, and surveys the development of the British film industry and film culture. Three case studies combine histories of production and reception with textual analysis of key films from the 1920s, '30s, and '40s. Focusing on Cecil Hepworth's Comin' Thro' The Rye, the first of these looks at the evolution of an art cinema in the early 1920s. Two films of 1934, Sing As We Go and Evergreen, are then contrasted as the products of two quite distinct industrial strategies for coping with the overwhelming presence of Hollywood. Finally, Andrew Higson re-examines the status of the documentary idea in British national cinema and its influence on two Second World War films, Millions Like Us and This Happy Breed. Combining detailed analyses of film texts with studies of industrial and cultural contexts, including critical reception, Waving the Flag is an impressive and wide-ranging survey of the concept of national cinema.
A Shakespeare Music Catalogue
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David , Long Odean , Haywood Charles
Published: November 2023

The five volumes of A Shakespeare Music Catalogue provide scholarship with an invaluable reference tool: a comprehensive and detailed documentation of all music - published and unpublished, from Shakespeare's day to our own - in any way related to Shakespeare's life and work. No single work has ever before attempted to draw together such a mass of information, from all countries of the world, on this neglected aspect of Shakespeare's dramatic art and cultural influence. The music includes operas, ballets, overtures, tone-poems, songs, and various types of incidental music (for stage, radio, film, and television productions). Each composition is cited with information on its vocal and instrumental requirements, its publication history, and, when known, its first performance. The first three volumes deal with music and musical stage-directions for the plays (arranged alphabetically) and settings of the sonnets and narrative poems. The fourth volume contains indices: of Shakespeare's titles and lines, the titles of musical works, and composers, arrangers, editors, librettists, etc. The final volume provides a further, and unprecedented, research tool: a selected, annotated bibliography of writings, in all languages, on the subject of Shakespeare and music. For the first time, readers of the Catalogue will have ready access to the broad range of musical works inspired by Shakespeare and to the diversity of critical viewpoints they have provoked. Theatrical directors will be able to consult it for appropriate music; musicologists and cultural historians study the history of taste; literary scholars examine any play or plays from a thoroughly documented musical standpoint. The Catalogue brings together the work of many scholars in the field, and goes far beyond existing available data.
Sir William Dugdale
Authors: Parry Graham
Published: November 2023

The recovery of the Middle Ages, including the rehabilitation of medieval institutions, was an enterprise that many seventeenth century antiquarians were engaged in, with Selden and Spelman in the vanguard; but the most persistent attempt to clarify the development of medieval institutions was carried out by Sir William Dugdale in a career of sustained research extending from the 1630s to the 1680s. Dugdale had an unprejudiced view of the Middle Ages, and did not believe that the centuries before the Reformation were sunk in ignorance and monkish superstition. He recognized that medieval society had been dominated by disciplined institutions, which had conditioned the growth of the nation, and that he and his contemporaries lived in a world that had been shaped by the social structures that had evolved in a time of feudalism and universal faith. Curiosity about the origins and growth of offices and institutions had been one of the unifying concerns of the Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries, whose investigations often took the form of short exploratory forays into the past. The greatest obstacle to a proper understanding of the structures of medieval society was the confusion of the surviving records, civil, ecclesiastical, and familial.
Some Skewered Gobbets in Euripides
Authors: Eden P T
Published: November 2023

Any retired Latinist without a pastime can suitably be advised to read some of the language which, during his working life, he will have been paid not to know. An Oxford graduate should of course do so in the prestigious publications of his Alma Mater. He may be in for some surprises. Did he, for instance, as a student, read Gilbert Murray’s Oxford Classical Texts of Euripides (vol. i: 1902; vol. ii: 1904; vol. iii: 1909), and on reaching Supp. 508f.
The Sounds of the Voice in Old Comedy
Authors: Halliwell Stephen
Published: November 2023

It would be reasonable to expect that the phonetic factors which generate contrasts between the speech-sounds of individuals and of groups would have attracted the interest of the poets of Old Comedy. The genre‘s addiction to humorously or satirically dramatizing cultural distinctions suggests a rich potential for the sound of the voice as a focus of comic impressions, especially in performances by professional actors whose skills encompassed the ability to mimic a gamut of vocal qualities and nuances (including animal sounds, which I leave aside). Yet such expectations find, in fact, little enough fulfilment in the plays of Aristophanes and the fragments of Old Comedy. Were there, then, limitations upon the scope for this vein of humour-a strong uniformity of accent and pronunciation, perhaps, among Athenian speakers? Can we, in any case, be confident that our texts reliably notate the sounds required of, and realized by, actors in the theatre? My thoughts on this topic start from some observations on the cultural setting.
All for Salamis
Authors: Barron John
Published: November 2023

Of all the considerable corpus of epigrams inspired by the great struggle between Greece and Persia, none has been more intriguing or more tantalizing than those preserved on two fragments of a Pentelic marble base in the Agora Museum, the one from the left-hand corner of its block, the other from near its right-hand end. Though the fragments do not join, their origin in the same monument is guaranteed not only by the nature of the texts they bear, but also by the treatment of the face and left edge of the block. The surface is neatly stippled within a smooth border, broad at the top and narrow at the sides and base. This is purely decorative, not anathyrosis to facilitate a joint on the left, since the stippled area is in the same plane as the smooth, not set back from it. On the broad upper border, in two lines stoichedon, are inscribed two couplets of elegiac verse. Across the stippled area a second band has been smoothed at a later date, and consequently set back from the front plane of the remainder of the stone; and on it are inscribed two further couplets in a different hand. All four couplets begin one directly below another, close to the left-hand margin of the stone. The first epigram, which speaks of‘ these men‘s courage‘, of men on foot and on swiftly moving ships, and of the delivery of all Greece from the threat of slavery, was carved by the same mason who cut the decree of 485/4 containing regulations for the Acropolis.