bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of innovation in economy strengthening of Azerbaijan in the conditions of transition to Industry 5.0: on the example of a comparative analysis of indicators of some Eurasian countries
Authors: Yuzbashiyeva Gulshen , Abasova Samira , Yuzbashiyev Israfil
Published: January 2025

The object of the study is innovative transformations in the context of Azerbaijan's transition to Industry 5.0. Innovative development not only strengthens the national economy, but also creates preconditions for the entry of competitive industrial products and services into world markets in the context of the transition to Industry 5.0. Innovative transformations are possible only with investments from both the state and industrial enterprises' own funds, as well as by attracting foreign capital. In this regard, the article examines the indicators of both Azerbaijan innovative development and Azerbaijan investment indicators in comparison with similar indicators of a number of Eurasian countries in the context of the transition to Industry 5.0.
The authors used both innovation development indices and statistical indicators of industry in other Eurasian countries to determine Azerbaijan’s innovation capabilities in the context of the transition to Industry 5.0. The article also examines internal and external factors influencing innovation development in Azerbaijan and investment attractiveness in the republic. The study showed that large innovation and investment projects in the liberated lands attract foreign investors from both near and far abroad. Particularly noteworthy are investments from the Organization of Turkic Countries (OTC) – from Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan. They are actively involved in the creation of smart cities, industrial facilities, transport infrastructure and telecommunications, as well as tourist facilities. Innovative development of Azerbaijan depends on the strategy of implementation of innovative investment projects. This strategy includes improvement of produced science-intensive products and services; and development of high technologies, especially information technologies. These areas include the creation and management of two artificial satellites of Azerbaijan, the petrochemical industry, the mechanical engineering industry. As well as the information technology sector, the ICT sector, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industry based on the use of unique plants (saffron, medicinal oils from walnuts, hazelnuts, juices from unripe grapes, fig leaves) in the process of transition to Industry 5.0.
Detecting Obfuscated Malware Infections on Windows Using Ensemble Learning Techniques
Authors: Imamverdiyev Yadigar , Baghirov Elshan , Ikechukwu John Chukwu
Published: January 2025

In the internet and smart devices era, malware detection has become crucial for system security. Obfuscated malware poses significant risks to various platforms, including computers, mobile devices, and IoT devices, by evading advanced security solutions. Traditional heuristic-based and signature-based methods often fail against these threats. Therefore, a cost-effective detection system was proposed using memory dump analysis and ensemble learning techniques. Utilizing the CIC-MalMem-2022 dataset, the effectiveness of decision trees, gradient-boosted trees, logistic Regression, random forest, and LightGBM in identifying obfuscated malware was evaluated. The study demonstrated the superiority of ensemble learning techniques in enhancing detection accuracy and robustness. Additionally, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) were employed to elucidate model predictions, improving transparency and trustworthiness. The analysis revealed vital features significantly impacting malware detection, such as process services, active services, file handles, registry keys, and callback functions. These insights are crucial for refining detection strategies and enhancing model performance. The findings contribute to cybersecurity efforts by comprehensively assessing machine learning algorithms for obfuscated malware detection through memory analysis. This paper offers valuable insights for future research and advancements in malware detection, paving the way for more robust and effective cybersecurity solutions in the face of evolving and sophisticated malware threats.
Response analysis and control of plates induced by piezoelectric actuators using finite element method
Authors: Tran Thien M. , Vo Trieu L. , Nguyen Son H.
Published: January 2025

In this article, the shape deformation of the plate bonded to the piezoelectric actuators and sensors is analyzed using the finite element method, and then controlled by an algorithm. It expresses the need to conduct the comparison between non-controllable and controlled ways with low-order finite element methods because of the low cost of investigation. The proposed method is investigated in three cases studied to compare and prove the feasibility and verification. To do these tasks, the effects of coupling between the electric and mechanical properties of piezoelectric materials draw significant attention to the material’s potential applications such as actuators and sensors. Firstly, a rectangular piezoelectric actuator with symmetrically bonded three sensors is considered. The piezoelectric actuator of the injector is implemented in the second experiment. Finally, this study is applied to control the diving board in diving sports. As the simulated results, the deformed shape of piezoelectric actuators can be computed accurately using the finite element method, demonstrating the relation between the central displacement of the piezoelectric actuator in the injector and the voltage level, being linear. An algorithm controls the shape and position of sheet metal to make a foundation and premises for the empirical process and applies it in production.
Enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera en el aula digital
Authors: LLINAS TORRES JHONNY RAFAEL , Barrios Javier Arturo
Published: January 2025

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación de teoría fundamentada: “Enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera en el aula digital”, desarrollada en el programa de Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad del Atlántico. Se trata de un artículo derivado de la necesidad de reinventarnos durante la época de aislamiento obligatorio que impuso la pandemia. Se desarrolló desde el segundo semestre del 2019 hasta el segundo semestre del 2021. Se trataba de usar un texto no como el único recurso en el aula, sino de complementarlo con otras tecnologías para implementarlas en el aula a partir de un enfoque colaborativo. El propósito propuso a que los docentes hicieran uso de las tecnologías Web 2.0 como recurso pedagógico. Así, se descubrieran tropiezos y obstáculos propios o ajenos y motivar a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera. Se concluyó que las herramientas virtuales brindan una posibilidad real de aprendizaje.Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación de teoría fundamentada: “Enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera en el aula digital”, desarrollada en el programa de Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad del Atlántico. Se trata de un artículo derivado de la necesidad de reinventarnos durante la época de aislamiento obligatorio que impuso la pandemia. Se desarrolló desde el segundo semestre del 2019 hasta el segundo semestre del 2021. Se trataba de usar un texto no como el único recurso en el aula, sino de complementarlo con otras tecnologías para implementarlas en el aula a partir de un enfoque colaborativo. El propósito propuso a que los docentes hicieran uso de las tecnologías Web 2.0 como recurso pedagógico. Así, se descubrieran tropiezos y obstáculos propios o ajenos y motivar a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera. Se concluyó que las herramientas virtuales brindan una posibilidad real de aprendizaje.
Cinéfilos escolares: estrategia para fortalecer los procesos de comprensión lectora y producción textual
Authors: Salas Jurado July Del Carmen , Cuesta Osorio Marilin , Bernal Ochoa Beatriz Elena
Published: January 2025

Este artículo, producto de la implementación de la estrategia de cinéfilos escolares para fortalecer los procesos de comprensión lectora y producción textual en los estudiantes de 4° y 5° de básica primaria, en tres instituciones educativas públicas de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia, presenta un análisis e interpretación del impacto e influencia de esta en los procesos mencionados. Se relacionan las categorías de cinéfilos, comprensión lectora y producción textual. En cuanto al diseño metodológico, se aborda un enfoque mixto con un paradigma interpretativo, destacando la dinámica de la estrategia. Se escogió como muestra a 172 estudiantes y 8 docentes. Asimismo, los instrumentos de recolección de información se dieron a través de la entrevista, encuesta y de fuentes documentales, permitiendo analizar e interpretar los sentires y procesos de los actores sociales. Como resultado, se mejoró el proceso y desempeño de los estudiantes en la comprensión y producción, así como se convirtió en una estrategia didáctica transversal en el plan de estudio. El estudio concluye que esta estrategia dio una mirada didáctica a la forma como se están utilizando los recursos y ayudas audiovisuales en el aula promoviendo ambientes dinámicos y enfatizando en las particularidades de los estudiantes.
Effect of Conscientiousness and COVID-19-Induced Job Stress on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Majeed Shayista , Mufti Sabiya , Peerzadah Sabzar Ahmad , Nazir Nazir Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Drawing upon the tenets of trait activation theory, the present study aimed to explore the moderating effect of COVID-19-induced job stress on the association between conscientiousness and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among healthcare professionals. Data for the study were collected from 379 healthcare professionals in India through a systematic random sampling technique. The results revealed a positive impact of conscientiousness on OCB. Moreover, COVID-19-induced stress negatively moderated the relationship between conscientiousness and OCB. The study findings have, thus, contributed to the budding research stream on the consequences of global pandemics on social institutions and individuals in general and extended the validity of trait activation theory assumptions in particular. The study provides valuable practical insights that may assist authorities in devising policies that could help encourage employees to display more of these pro-social behaviors in times of natural calamities when such behaviors are of utmost necessity.
Experimental measurement of root growth and root–soil interaction in a bilayered sand using X-ray tomography
Authors: Nagayama T. , Anselmucci F. , Lenoir N. , Sibille L. , Mukunoki T. , Otani J. , Viggiani G.
Published: January 2025

While many aspects of the growth mechanisms of plant roots and their ability to adapt to the surrounding environment are now clearer from a biological perspective, relatively limited research has focused on the mechanical interaction of a root and the soil in which it grows, including the root trajectory and the strain developing in the soil. The use of X-ray tomography allows for the 4D (space plus time) analysis of such an interaction. This paper investigates how plant roots grow when approaching a harder-to-penetrate soil – here, a finer and denser sand. The root trajectories in nine bilayered sand samples are imaged and characterised in terms of their tortuosity. The angle between the root axis and the gravity direction is also measured to characterise the change of trajectory of the root when approaching the stiffer sand layer. In addition, we report, for one test, the strain path experienced by the soil around the root when the latter is elongating and bending, through imaging conducted at regular intervals during the root growth.
The Role and Mandate of the Motor Industry Ombudsman of South Africa: Addressing Prospects and Challenges to Enhance Consumer Protection
Authors: Tshabalala Thapelo , Magau Phemelo
Published: January 2025

The Motor Industry Ombudsman of South Africa (MIOSA) is an industry ombud recognised under the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA). The MIOSA regulates the interaction and provides for alternative dispute resolution in the automotive and related industries in South Africa. Moreover, the MIOSA is an impartial organisation that focusses on the resolution of disputes where a deadlock has been reached between the automotive and related industries and their customers, as well as relationships among participants in the automotive and related industries to the benefit of the parties. The role of the MIOSA is to make recommendations in cases referred to it where parties cannot reach common ground and are unable to arrive at mutually acceptable agreements following a dispute. This analysis explores and proffers possible solutions to address the challenges that impede the MIOSA from discharging its role and mandate under the CPA effectively in resolving consumer disputes in the South African automotive industry.
Enhanced membrane protein production in HEK293T cells via ATF4 gene knockout: A CRISPR-Cas9 mediated approach
Authors: Choi Byung-Jo , Kim Ba Reum , Choi Ho Joong , Kim Ok-Hee , Kim Say-June
Published: January 2025

HEK293T cells are extensively utilized for therapeutic protein production due to their human origin, which enables accurate post-translational modifications. This study aimed to enhance membrane protein production in HEK293T cells by knocking out the ATF4 gene using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The ATF4 gene was edited by infecting HEK293T cells with a lentivirus carrying optimized single-guide RNA (ATF4-KO-3) and Cas9 genes. Comparative evaluations were conducted using all-in-one and two-vector systems. Genome sequencing and membrane protein productivity of ATF4-knockout (KO) cells were compared to wild-type (WT) cells using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and a membrane protein isolation kit, respectively. Single-cell analysis confirmed gene editing patterns, with NGS verifying the intended deletions. Membrane protein production was also assessed indirectly via flow cytometry, analyzing cells expressing Membrane-GFP. Compared to WT cells, ATF4-KO cells exhibited a significant increase in membrane protein production, with a 52.2 ± 19.0% improvement. Gene editing efficiency was compared between the two delivery systems, with the two-vector system demonstrating higher efficiency based on T7 endonuclease I assays. Western blot analysis confirmed ATF4 suppression and increased expression of membrane proteins, including E-cadherin and CD63. Quantitative analysis via PAGE revealed a 77.2 ± 30.6% increase in purified membrane protein yields, consistent with the observed enhancements. Flow cytometry using Membrane-GFP further demonstrated a 22.9 ± 9.7% increase in productivity. In summary, ATF4 knockout significantly enhances membrane protein production in HEK293T cells, offering potential improvements in biopharmaceutical manufacturing by enabling more efficient protein synthesis.
The posters of May ’68 and their significance for a contemporary critique of capitalism
Authors:   Dublin City University, Irwin Jones
Published: January 2025

This essay explores the original political significance of the posters of May ’68 as a critique of capitalism, as well as extending this approach to a critique of contemporary capitalism in 2020. The slogans of ’68 are deceptively simple and we look to the importance of the political ideas expressed aesthetically as having immediate impact in the late 1960s, but also the underlying Situationist philosophy which influenced them.
We also explore the contemporary significance of Situationist theory, especially in the context of the renewal of Marxist thought in the 21st century. This renewed Leftist critique of capitalism emerges as articulated through newer social and political movements of the current times, particularly through the political philosophy of Slavoj Žižek and his auto-critique of the former Yugoslavia.
Civilización y educación de las mujeres neogranadinas en Una holandesa en América (1888) de Soledad Acosta de Samper
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Ibarra Atehortúa Juan Esteban
Published: January 2025

Este artículo ofrece una propuesta de análisis de Una holandesa en América (1888), de Soledad Acosta de Samper. A fin de determinar el modo en el cual se impusieron las condiciones de enseñanza para las mujeres de la Nueva Granada, se parte del concepto de interseccionalidad (Lugones, 2014). Se concluye que Lucía, personaje que representa el pensamiento de la autora frente a la situación social de la mujer neogranadina del siglo xix, aún se encuentra lejos de proponer la emancipación femenina al educar a sus hermanas desde su posición privilegiada.
Contextos de producción, edición y publicación de Panida: alianzas intergeneracionales y legitimación desde el universalismo rodoniano
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Tobón Miranda José Pablo
Published: January 2025

Este artículo se centra en la reconstrucción de los contextos de producción, edición y publicación de la revista Panida (15 de febrero-20 de junio de 1915) producida por el grupo homónimo antioqueño. Busca identificar el campo revisteril en el que sus miembros establecieron relaciones sincrónicas y diacrónicas de alianza y legitimación que evidencian la continuidad del proyecto intelectual de publicaciones locales como El Repertorio (1896), El Montañés (1897-1899), Lectura y Arte (1903-1906), entre otras; y, a escala latinoamericana, con el universalismo de José Enrique Rodó y el símbolo de la integración del Todo (Pan) que Darío actualizó a partir de Victor Hugo.
“Policarpa” de María Ospina Pizano: instrumentalización de los cuerpos en el capitalismo
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Leonardo-Loayza Richard Angelo
Published: January 2025

El artículo analiza la relación entre el cuerpo, el capitalismo y la reificación u objetificación en “Policarpa”, relato que forma parte del volumen Azares del cuerpo (2017) de María Ospina Pizano. La hipótesis que se sostiene es que en dicho relato se ponen en escena una serie de mecanismos que usa el capitalismo para instrumentalizar a los individuos dentro de la lógica del capital, entre los que se cuenta la reificación u objetivación, es decir, despojar a la gente de su estatuto de personas y convertirlas en objetos o cosas. Para ello, el capitalismo reduce a los individuos a cuerpos. En “Policarpa”, se narra el caso de una guerrillera reinsertada que es expuesta a este proceso no solo por parte del sistema, sino de una editora que desea publicar el testimonio de su fuga. El relato también narra la resistencia que la protagonista realiza en contra de dichos mecanismos.
USE OF VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAININGOF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, HOLOVKO Nataliya , KUZNETSOVA Oksana ,   National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

Background. The demands of modern education drive educators to seek new, contemporary, and effective teaching technologies that support higher learning outcomes and integrate innovative practices into the educational process. One key goal in education is to foster students' interest in learning and creativity.
Results. This can be achieved by applying modern educational technologies in the classroom, which diversify teaching methods and resources, thereby enhancing students' creative engagement. These technologies allow for the effective organization of educational processes, support a learner-centered approach, and incorporate advanced technical and information-communication technologies. We believe this is achievable through the use of innovative teaching methods within higher education. Visualization technologies, in particular, increase the informational richness of the educational process, reduce the time and effort students need to understand and engage with material, sustain high learning speeds, and efficiently organize students' educational and cognitive activities during their professional training.
The use of visualization technologies in professional training focuses on building future teachers' awareness of modern strategies, techniques, methods, and tools for visualizing educational content. It also develops their skills in utilizing these tools to address specific pedagogical challenges according to current educational approaches.
Visualization technologies make it possible to achieve multiple pedagogical objectives, such as intensifying the learning experience, activating students' cognitive engagement, and fostering the development of critical and visual thinking. They also support visual perception, the representation of knowledge through images, knowledge transfer, pattern recognition, and an overall increase in visual literacy and visual culture.
Conclus і ons. In modern pedagogical science and practice, these technologies are essential for enhancing the learning process, activating cognitive engagement, and ensuring the high-quality professional preparation of future educators.
HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUNTEERING
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, GUK Olha
Published: January 2025

Background. The article is devoted to the study of the historical and theoretical foundations of the formation and development of volunteerism. Today, volunteers play a key role in providing assistance when society has to face a number of difficulties (war, natural disasters, epidemics, etc.).
Results. It is substantiated that volunteering is one of the elements of civil society, the development and study of which has recently received the attention of the state. It was determined that volunteering is a wide range of activities, including traditional forms of mutual and self-help, official provision of services and other forms of civic participation, carried out voluntarily for the benefit of the general public without expectation of monetary reward. It is argued that volunteering is a voluntary activity chosen consciously by a person and which does not pursue commercial gain. Volunteering
is a manifestation of public activity and civic responsibility. The study is devoted to the analysis of volunteering in Ukraine from the point of view of the historical development of this phenomenon. The importance of the study is due to the fact that national volunteering in Ukraine requires appropriate scientific analysis. It is worth noting that an important aspect of volunteering is the systematization of experience and the determination of the specifics of the formation and functioning of the volunteer movement in Ukraine at the current stage. In the study, based on the study of historical and pedagogical sources, the study of state documents, general scientific methods of research (analysis, synthesis, generalization,systematization) were used on the issues of the formation and development of the volunteer movement. The specific features and main problems of the development of the volunteer movement in Ukraine are revealed. the terminological base of the phenomenon of volunteering is clarified; the reasons for the development and implementation of the laws of Ukraine regarding volunteer activities are given.
Conclusіons. Volunteers help people in difficult life situations, support social projects and initiatives, ensuring an appropriate quality of life for various categories of the population
Implantation of Ahmed drainage device in secondary “silicone” glaucoma. Features of the postoperative course
Authors: Starostina Anna V. , Sidorova Alla V. , Uyanaeva Ayla A. , Sorokoletov Grigorii V. , Burlakov Konstantin S.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Despite the high technological effectiveness of treatment methods for vitreoretinal conditions, secondary glaucoma is a fairly common complication in the postoperative period, especially after tamponade with silicone oil.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Ahmed valve drainage device implantation in secondary glaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade and after the silicone oil removal.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 42 patients with secondary glaucoma after vitreoretinal procedures with silicone oil tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 27 patients with avitria after silicone oil removal, group 2 — 15 patients with silicone oil tamponade in whom silicone oil removal was not indicated for various reasons. Before surgery, decompensation of intraocular pressure was detected in all patients (32.5 ± 2.9 mmHg, at the maximum hypotensive regimen), visual acuity varied from counting fingers to 0.5 with no correction of refractive error possible.
RESULTS: In all cases, anti-glaucoma surgeries with Ahmed valve implantation were performed without complications. In the early postoperative period, the hypotensive effect was achieved in 100% of cases in both groups, the level of intraocular pressure on the first day after surgery in patients with avitria after removal of silicone oil averaged 9.3 ± 1.5 mmHg, in the group with silicone oil in the vitreal cavity — 10.2 ± 1.8 mmHg. The most common complication in the early postoperative period in patients with silicone oil tamponade was a shallow anterior chamber (in 40% of cases). Intraocular pressure was compensated in all patients within 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of Ahmed drainage device is an effective method of intraocular pressure normalization in patients with secondary glaucoma after vitreoretinal procedures, both with silicone oil tamponade and avitria.
Method of intraocular lens fixation in patients with compensated glaucoma and cataract complicated by zonular weakness
Authors: Ivachev Evgenii A. , Kochergin Sergei A. , Ivacheva Olga T.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: The combination of cataract and glaucoma occurs in 14.6–76% of cases, and zonular weakness — in 34%. By suturing the lens in the posterior chamber, ophthalmic surgeons create a more physiological position for it.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intraocular lens fixation in patients with compensated glaucoma and cataract complicated by zonular weakness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 49 patients with compensated glaucoma and cataract complicated by zonular weakness were operated. Uncorrected visual acuity — 0.19, best corrected visual acuity — 0.25, tonometric intraocular pressure — 18.9 mm Hg. Operation technique: a corneal tunnel is formed at 9 o’clock, 4 iris-retractors are inserted through paracenteses at 2, 5, 8, 11 hours and fixed at the edge of the capsulorhexis. After lens extraction, 2 iris-retractors (at 5, 11 hours) are removed . The lens is implanted into the anterior chamber. Haptic elements are tucked under the iris in the projection of 5 and 11 hours, the optical part is transferred to the posterior chamber. The support elements are sutured with interrupted sutures to the iris, then 2 iris-retractors are removed (at 2 and 8 hours), the capsular bag is removed using tweezers, and the paracenteses and the tunnel are hydrated.
RESULTS: On the first day, the best corrected visual acuity was 0.34, by the 5th day, it increased to 0.49 ± 0.08, by the 14th day — 0.52. As the glaucoma process progressed during 2 years after surgery, best corrected visual acuity decreased to 0.47, intraocular pressure was 18.4 mm Hg.
CONCLUSIONS: An original and easy to perform suture fixation of the lens to the iris is proposed, which allows to reduce the risk of lens decentration and tilt, as well as that of vitreous herniation.
Anonymous survey results of ophthalmology residents of Russian medical universities on the status of their visual analyzer
Authors: Avkhadeeva Svetlana R. , Antonyan Veronika B. , Aprelev Aleksander E. , Astakhov Sergey Yu. , Beldovskaya Nataliya Yu. , Bobykin Evgeny V. , Gavrilova Tatyana V. , Drozdova Elena A. , Zagidullina Aigul Sh. , Zumbulidze Natalia G. , Ismailova Saida B. , Kamenskikh Tatiana G. , Kovalevskaya Maria A. , Korotkikh Sergei A. , Krokhalev Vadim Ya. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Martusevich Yana A. , Medvedev Igor B. , Nechiporenko Pavel A. , Pozdnyakova Polina N. , Pokrovskii Dmitry F. , Ponomareva Mariia N. , Solovyeva Larisa I. , Surov Aleksandr V. , Tur Elena V. , Filina Liliya A. , Fursova Anzhella Zh. , Chistyakova Svetlana V.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: A widespread visual impairment among medical students is known, but there are no data on the ophthalmic status of clinical residents.
AIM: To carry out an assessment of the visual analyzer status in Russian medical universities graduates who begin the clinical residency according to the specialty 31.08.59 Ophthalmology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous residents’ online survey was conducted in 15 universities from 14 cities using an original interactive questionnaire. Responses were received from 249 respondents (mostly females: n = 188, 75.5%; mean age 24.80 ± 0.06 years). To compare, we used previously published data on a survey of senior students from 5 Russian medical universities, including 549 respondents (425 females, 77.4%; mean age 22.4 ± 0.06 years).
RESULTS: In comparison to students, residents were significantly more likely to rate their vision as excellent (20.8% and 28.9%, respectively, p = 0.01), to report emmetropia (16.2% versus 26.9%, p 0.001), to deny continuing vision deterioration (33.0% and 43.5%, p 0.005), to rate higher the importance of good vision (9.25 ± 0.06 and 9.73 ± 0.05 conditional points, respectively, p 0.01). Students significantly more often did not know the meaning of the “clinical refraction” term (2.6% and 0.4%, respectively, p = 0.04), more often reported vision problems interfering with their studies (26.2% and 15.7%, p = 0.01), and reported ongoing vision deterioration (57.9% versus 45.0%, p 0.001). Otherwise, survey results were comparable.
CONCLUSIONS: Visual impairments are widespread among clinical residents-ophthalmologists of Russian medical universities, 58.2% of the responders had ametropia (including 56.1% of myopia), 28.5% had astigmatism, 3.6% had other ocular conditions. The majority of survey participants (59.8%) used or felt a need in optical correction, 19.7% rated their vision as “poor” or “very poor”, about a half (45.0%) believed their vision to worsen during recent years, and about as much (46.6%) reported that they experience limitations in everyday life related to decreased vision. Insufficient awareness of a part of the responders about their vision, and in some responders, a lack in basic ophthalmological knowledge were revealed.
Prospects of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Minnigaliev Vadim M. , Khamadullina Nuriya A. , Gonchar Mariya I. , Ekhtangirova Dayana K. , Sozaeva Fatimat M. , Shirukova Asiyat M. , Alhajali Haya , Cherkesova Zalina M. , Karakizova Laura M. , Ibragimova Umraygan A. , Kerimova Madina Z.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the prospects of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. The primary focus is on the effectiveness and safety of contemporary minimally invasive glaucoma surgery techniques, such as iStent, MicroShunt, and Hydrus. The authors highlight the significant reduction in intraocular pressure and the decrease in dependence on medication therapy for most patients following these procedures. The article presents results from numerous clinical studies demonstrating the high effectiveness and safety of these methods. The uniqueness of this review lies in the comprehensive analysis of current data and the identification of key advantages of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery compared to traditional glaucoma treatment methods. The article also emphasizes the economic feasibility of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, which can significantly reduce the burden on healthcare systems in various regions. The authors point out the necessity for further research to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of these technologies, as well as to determine optimal management strategies for primary open-angle glaucoma in different population subgroups. Detailed meta-analyses and multicenter studies could contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms of action and potential limitations of these technologies, providing a basis for personalized approach to glaucoma treatment.
Relocation of Recent Shallow Seismic Activity in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea): The 2021–2024, 2016, and 2004 Seismic Series
Authors: Lozano Lucía , Buforn Elisa , Vicente Cantavella Juan , López-Sánchez Carolina , Victoria Manzanedo María , Barco Jaime , Antón Resurrección , Cabieces Roberto , Mattesini Maurizio
Published: January 2025

The Alboran Sea is a complex tectonic region and one of the most seismically active areas in the westernmost Mediterranean Sea. Its southern sector has been the scene of three significant earthquakes in the past 30 yr, the 1994 M 5.9 and 2004 M 6.3 Al Hoceima and the 2016 Mw 6.4 Alboran events. In this study, we perform a high-precision relocation of a selected subset of moderate-magnitude earthquakes of the three main seismic series that have occurred in this region in this century, the 2021–2024, 2016, and 2004 series, using all the available seismic data. We apply a two-step shared relocation procedure, first, a nonlinear probabilistic algorithm with a 3D velocity model for the Alboran–Betic–Rif system, and second, a double-difference relative method. Our results for the 2021–2024 and 2016 series show clustered epicenters along the nearby active fault systems in the area. The 2016 series displays an excellent spatial correlation with the Al-Idrisi fault and may be linked to it, whereas the 2021–2024 series could be associated to an unmapped structure to the east of Al-Idrisi, more fractured and of smaller dimensions, as inferred from its spatial–temporal magnitude distribution. Our solutions for the 2004 series confirm two clear and perpendicular epicentral alignments, which may be related to the Trougout fault. The overall depth distribution reveals shallow hypocenters mainly constrained in a seismogenic layer up to 15–20 km. Our results display a remarkable hypocentral clustering compared with the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) earthquake catalog solutions and an improvement in the accuracy and precision of earthquake locations, with mean horizontal and vertical uncertainties lower than ∼5 km, giving better constrained hypocenters over the IGN catalog. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of this methodology, especially in the case of offshore seismicity with poor azimuthal coverage, and may improve seismic hazard studies in the region.
Status and Prospects for Research on Relations of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church with Polish Civilian and Military Administration, in Connection with The Situation Before and During Polish September Campaign of 1939
Authors: Grzybowski Jerzy
Published: January 2025

The main objective of the paper is to present the status and prospects of research on relations of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church (PAOC) with Polish civilian and military administrations, in connection with the situation just before and during the Polish September Military Campaign of 1939. Such a topic has not yet been a subject to a comprehensive scientific project, both in Poland and abroad. The main reason of such a situation is that the history of this Orthodox Church itself, in the XX Century, has not still been thoroughly and deeply examined. Some historians touched upon a number of issues and only on the margins of the general research of the Orthodox Church in the interwar period and during WWII. Therefore, most of available publications on the topic refer to foreign authors. It is mostly due to the fact that most of the Polish citizens of the Orthodox religion had also been representatives of ethnic minorities in the pre-war Poland.
Status and Prospects for Research on the Attitude of the Ukrainian Minority to the Policies of the Civil and Military Authorities in Connection with the Situation before and During the Polish September Campaign 1939
Authors: Szumiło Mirosław
Published: January 2025

The text discusses the issue of the attitude of the Ukrainian minority towards the Polish State in the last months of the Second Polish Republic and during the Polish Campaign in 1939. Research conducted in this area in the Polish People's Republic, the Soviet Union and by emigration entities is also briefly characterized. Then, achievements of Polish and Ukrainian historiography after the fall of communism were discussed, focusing on the most important and valuable publications in order to indicate areas and issues that require further in-depth research. The initial turning point was the Münich crisis in September 1938, which resulted in, among other things, in bringing the Ukrainian issue to the international forum and political activation of the Ukrainian population in Poland. The final caesura is the end of armed clashes during the Polish campaign in 1939.
Status and Prospect for the Research on the German Ethnic Minority in the II Polish Republic and its Attitude Towards Policies of Polish Authorities, in Connection with the Situation before and During the Polish September Campaign of 1939
Authors: Rosenbaum Sebastian
Published: January 2025

The article presents the status of research on the German ethnic minority in Poland in 1930s of the twentieth century, mainly in the period of 1938‒1939. Main focus is put on items regarding attitude of Germans in Poland towards the Polish State and its institutions, both civilian and military, all in the context of the Polish-German military conflict already on the horizon. The September 1939 conflict, and position and actions of members of the German ethnic minority during the active, military phase of war was also described. Some new research areas were identified, including exploitation of additional archival material and other source materials.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ КРУПНЫХ ЗАЛОГОВЫХ СДЕЛОК И ЗАЛОГОВЫХ СДЕЛОК, В СОВЕРШЕНИИ КОТОРЫХ ИМЕЕТСЯ ЗАИНТЕРЕСОВАННОСТЬ
Authors: Череповский В.Э.
Published: January 2025

В статье исследуется один из видов экстраординарных сделок – экстраординарные залоговые сделки, совершаемые хозяйственными обществами. Поскольку залоговые сделки обладают спецификой, связанной с их акцессорным характером, требуется специальное правовое регулирование их совершения, например, в вопросе, касающемся определения количественного признака экстраординарной залоговой сделки. Также анализируется взаимосвязанность основного и акцессорного обязательств как фактор, влияющий на возможность квалификации залоговой сделки в качестве крупной или сделки с заинтересованностью.

The article examines one of the types of extraordinary transactions – extraordinary collateral transactions concluded by business entities. Since collateral transactions have specific features related to their accessory nature, special legal regulation of their execution is required, for example, in the issue concerning the definition of the quantitative feature of an extraordinary collateral transaction. The interrelation of the main and accessory obligations is also analyzed as a factor influencing the possibility of qualifying a collateral transaction as a major one or a transaction with an interest.
Some features of identifying and documenting corruption-related crimes (using the example of state (municipal) contracts)
Authors: Farakhiev D. M.
Published: January 2025

In this article, the author examines current aspects of operational investigative identification and documentation of corruption-related crimes within the framework of the execution of state (municipal) contracts, in particular when accepting inventory items and during tenders. In addition, special attention is paid to identifying economic and corruptioneconomic crimes within the framework of the implementation of state (municipal) contracts. The trend of increasing the number of registered types of crimes under study in the area under study actualizes and confirms the relevance of the problem. Current schemes for committing the types of crimes under study are considered, on the basis of which the features of the implementation of the most common operational investigative activities are analyzed in order to identify and document corruption crimes related to state (municipal) contracts.
Russian spiritual and moral values and their criminal-legal protection in the XVI–XIX centuries
Authors: Chirkov F. V.
Published: January 2025

The author traces the formation of the system of officially recognized and publicly declared value orientations during the XVI–XIX centuries in Russia. This system was finally formed on the basis of the Stoglav, Domostroy, the Charter of Decency, as well as a set of legal norms aimed at protecting traditional values, and included the prescriptions of criminal and police law. Structurally, it included preventive norms and provisions on liability for religious crimes, crimes against public morality, crimes in the field of sexual morality, and family crimes. The author comes to the conclusion that an essential moment in the evolution of this socio-normative system by the end of the XIX century was the recognition of the value of the individual, his or her rights and freedoms, which largely predetermined the further development of the value orientations of society and their criminal-legal protection. The matter of protection and criminal-legal protection of traditional values and moral norms was recognized as a matter of national importance.
Evaluation of Wind Power Plants from the Aspect of Earthquake Design
Authors: Tüzün Cüneyt , Eröz Murat , Cimili Tolga , Erdik Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Türkiye in recent years, consequently, their share in the total generation of energy within the country is also increasing every year. Considering the cost of wind power plants, together with the targeted amount of energy generation, earthquake planning for these systems becomes crucial. Earthquakes are one of the principal risks of wind energy investments, especially when considering the earthquake hazard level in a large portion of the country. Under the present circumstances, the companies producing wind turbines conduct the analysis and planning they deem necessary and forward these to the investors in our country. The extent to which manufacturers consider earthquake parameters and analysis methods in the design of wind turbines for earthquake resistance is not well-defined. The lack of clarity makes it difficult for investors to accurately evaluate the suitability of wind turbine tower and foundation designs for the specific conditions of the country.
This study evaluates earthquake design methods by looking into the regulations used in the design of wind turbines around the world. The magnitude of ground motion considered in the earthquake design, the method of analysis used, the load combinations on which the designs are based, and the criteria for the designs have been inspected. Moreover, the design documents for a wind turbine that is being constructed has been examined in detail, with the earthquake design stage being especially scrutinized.
Assessments and recommendations have been made regarding the design specifications, analysis methods and criteria used in the analysis and design of the wind turbines currently being built in our country. Subsequently, obtained recommendations have been taken into consideration to propose an earthquake design procedure for the earthquake design of wind turbines.
Morphological Features of Bone Tissue Restoration with Local Use of Cdc42-Targeted Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Olzhayev F. S. , Umbayev B. A. , Akulinin V. A. , Safarova Y. I. , Stepanov S. S. , Gavrish B. S. , Askarova Sh. N.
Published: January 2025

The aim was to evaluate morphological effect of Cdc42 inhibition in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the restoration process bone defects during the late post-traumatic period of 24-months male rats with ulnar fractures. Material and methods. The experiment involved adult Wistar rats (males, weighing 400–500 grams, aged 24 months; n=40) undergoing ulnar diaphysis osteotomy. After the injury, the animals were randomized into four groups (10 rats per group). Group I animals served as controls and received no treatment. Group II animals were administered aged MSCs (cells isolated from 24-month-old rats). Group III received aged MSCs modified with the small molecule CASIN, while Group IV received aged MSCs transfected with miRNA (Cdc42 knockdown). Observations were completed 4 and 6 months post-injury. The cell dose was identical across all experimental groups – 1×106 cells in 200 µL of sodium phosphate buffer. The cell transplantation procedure was performed once, 24 hours after the fracture. Paraffin sections from the fracture site were stained using hematoxylin & eosin and the Van Gieson method. Morphometric analysis was conducted using ImageJ 1.53 with the StarDist plugin, and statistical hypothesis testing was performed using non-parametric methods in Statistica 8.0 software. Results. In all animals, foci with varying degrees of maturation of the cellular and extracellular matrix of the hard callus formed at the fracture site. A comparison of ulnar defect healing in the control group (which did not receive additional osteogenesis sources) and in the three groups with varying degrees of Cdc42 activity in transplanted MSCs revealed statistically significant differences in the number of cells within key regenerating pools. At 4 and 6 months post-injury, the most pronounced restoration of chondroblast and osteoblast precursors, as well as chondrocytes and osteocytes, occurred when using MSCs transfected with miRNA. This was likely due to maximal suppression of Cdc42 activity in MSCs and partial inhibition of their aging in the regeneration zones of the ulnar bone, facilitating further osteogenesis stimulation. Conclusion. Targeted inhibition and suppression of Cdc42 activity before the transplantation of MSCs derived from adipose tissue significantly improve the formation of immature callus and its transformation into mature tubular bone in aged animals. These results confirm the potential and feasibility of using Cdc42 targeting as combination therapy for fractures in elderly individuals.