bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Support and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Women: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties
Authors: Brandão Tânia , Ribeiro Ana Catarina , Griff Maria Inês , Babore Alessandra , Diniz Eva
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health issue affecting 14% of mothers worldwide, with long-term implications for both maternal and child well-being. Understanding the factors contributing to PPD is essential for developing effective interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and postpartum depression symptoms, with a focus on the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties. Methods: A sample of 160 postpartum women (M age = 33.57, SD = 4.94) participated in the study. Participants were assessed on their levels of perceived social support, difficulties in emotion regulation, and symptoms of PPD. Results: The results indicated that lower levels of social support were significantly associated with greater difficulties in emotion regulation (effects ranging from −0.10 to 0.07). These difficulties in turn were linked to higher levels of postpartum depression symptoms (effects ranging from −0.29 to 0.78), suggesting a partial mediation effect from emotional awareness (95% CI −0.05, −0.00), non-acceptance of emotions (95% CI −0.04, −0.00), difficulty in goal-directed behavior (95% CI −0.04, −0.00), and limited access to strategies (95% CI −0.12, −0.04). Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical role of both social support and emotion regulation in the development of PPD symptoms. Enhancing emotion regulation skills, particularly for women with limited social support, could be a key target for interventions aimed at reducing the risk and severity of PPD.
Robot-Assisted Therapy in Guillain–Barrè Syndrome: Systematic Review of Primary Evidence and Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Martino Cinnera Alex , D’Arienzo Martina , Piatti Diego , Casagrande Conti Laura , Deledda Pietro , Tenore Alberto , Paolucci Stefano , Grasso Maria Grazia
Published: November 2024

Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that represents a leading cause of motor impairment. Robot-assisted therapy (RAT) has been widely applied in various neurological conditions. However, the use of RAT in GBS remains underexplored. This systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate the preliminary evidence regarding the efficacy of RAT in terms of motor recovery in people with GBS (pwGBSs). Secondly, the study protocol for a randomized RCT is reported. Methods: A comprehensive SR was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Epistemikos. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Health (NIH) study quality assessment. The SR’s protocol was recorded in the PROSPERO database. Results: Out of 116 articles found, four studies published in the past four years met the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the effects of RAT on lower limbs (three studies) and upper limbs (one study) in four pwGBSs. The results showed improvements in motor function and patient engagement, but it is impossible to generalize the findings. Conclusions: Our SRs supports the rationale for an RCT to assess the efficacy of RAT in pwGBSs. We present the protocol for a double-blind RCT to evaluate the effects of RAT on upper limb motor function in pwGBSs.
Impact of Oxidative Stress on Sperm Quality in Oligozoospermia and Normozoospermia Males Without Obvious Causes of Infertility
Authors: Chen Linji , Mori Yusaku , Nishii Shogo , Sakamoto Miwa , Ohara Makoto , Yamagishi Sho-Ichi , Sekizawa Akihiko
Published: November 2024

Background: Male factors contribute to approximately 50% of infertile couples. However, obvious causes remain unknown in many cases. This observational study aimed to investigate the associations of clinical and lifestyle parameters with sperm parameters. Methods: This study enrolled 41 men in infertile couples without obvious causes for male infertility from July 2023 to April 2024. Semen samples were evaluated for sperm number, motility, DNA fragmentation, and oxidative stress (OS) marker oxidation–reduction potential (ORP). Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and systemic OS marker diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs). Skin-accumulated AGE levels were identified with an autofluorescence method. Lifestyle factors were assessed with a lifestyle questionnaire. Results: Most of the participants were under 40 years old and non-obese with normal clinical parameters. Multiple regression analyses revealed that body mass index, serum d-ROMs, and semen ORP levels were independently associated with decreased sperm number. Additionally, serum zinc and semen ORP levels were associated with sperm motility. Furthermore, serum zinc and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were associated with sperm progressive motility and DNA fragmentation, respectively. The rest of the clinical and lifestyle factors, including skin-accumulated and serum AGE levels, were not correlated with any sperm parameters. Furthermore, serum d-ROM and semen ORP levels were not correlated with each other or any of the clinical and lifestyle factors. Conclusions: Our present study indicates that both systemic and local OS may be independently involved in sperm abnormality in healthy men without obvious causes for male infertility.
Epigenetic Biomarkers as a New Diagnostic Tool in Bladder Cancer—From Early Detection to Prognosis
Authors: Jaszek Natalia , Bogdanowicz Alicja , Siwiec Jan , Starownik Radosław , Kwaśniewski Wojciech , Mlak Radosław
Published: November 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) currently ranks as the 9th most common cancer worldwide. It is characterised by very high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Most cases of BC are of urothelial origin, and due to its ability to penetrate muscle tissue, BC is divided into non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). The current diagnosis of BC is still based primarily on invasive cystoscopy, which is an expensive and invasive method that carries a risk of various complications. Urine sediment cytology is often used as a complementary test, the biggest drawback of which is its very low sensitivity concerning the detection of BC at early stages, which is crucial for prompt implementation of appropriate treatment. Therefore, there is a great need to develop innovative diagnostic techniques that would enable early detection and accurate prognosis of BC. Great potential in this regard is shown by epigenetic changes, which are often possible to observe long before the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. In addition, these changes can be detected in readily available biological material, such as urine or blood, indicating the possibility of constructing non-invasive diagnostic tests. Over the past few years, many studies have emerged using epigenetic alterations as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of BC. This review provides an update on promising diagnostic biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of BC based on epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and expression levels of selected non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), taking into account the latest literature data.
Occurrence and Phenotypic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Emergency Medical Service Ambulances as a Potential Threat to Medical Staff and Patients
Authors: Leszczyński Piotr Konrad , Olędzka Aleksandra , Wierzchowska Kamila , Frankowska-Maciejewska Aneta , Mitura Krzysztof Marek , Celinski Daniel
Published: November 2024

Introduction: An ambulance used by an emergency medical service team is the workplace of specialised medical personnel, providing daily transportation for patients in life-threatening conditions, from all walks of life, with numerous diseases and injuries. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) strains are classified as Gram-positive cocci, characterised primarily by their multidrug resistance. Infections caused by S. aureus have a low treatment success rate and are associated with persistent carrier state. This study aimed to isolate MRSA and MSSA (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) in the emergency vehicle and determine drug resistance of these isolates. Materials and Methods: This study involved an ambulance vehicle operated in central Poland. A total of 39 swabs were taken and evaluated from inside the ambulance on permanent duty. The isolates were analysed using catalase and coagulase assays, Gram staining, culturing on Chapman medium, growth evaluation on agar with 5% sheep blood, and assessing the strains’ sensitivities to selected antibiotics. Material was collected from 13 designated points located in the medical compartment and driver’s cabin. Results: S. aureus bacteria were detected in 51.28% of the samples, 40% of which were MRSA strains. Despite the application of high disinfection standards for the interior of the ambulance, it was not possible to kill all S. aureus strains, which may be because the pathogens in question produce a biofilm that effectively allows them to survive on various surfaces, including those disinfected. Almost 100% of the MRSA isolates were resistant to antibiotics from the β-lactam group (penicillin, ticarcillin, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin), the macrolide group (erythromycin) and the lincosamide group (clindamycin). However, only a few MRSA strains proved resistant to streptomycin (12.5%) and ciprofloxacin (37.5%). β-lactam antibiotics, such as cefotaxime (100% resistant strains) and penicillin (58% resistant strains), were also ineffective against MSSA. Although MSSA isolates showed slight resistance to ticarcillin and erythromycin (33.3%) and clindamycin (25%), the remaining antibiotics proved effective (no resistant strains). Conclusions: Among the isolated strains, the greatest resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and erythromycin was observed. Multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus were found in the emergency medical system. Even the MSSA strains detected in the studied ambulance showed resistance to some of the antibiotics used. The prevalence of S. aureus strains within ambulances indicates the need for a high hygiene level in daily prehospital work with patients.
Pathogenesis and Management Strategies in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms Toward Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Voinea Iulia-Alexandra , Petrova Eugenia , Dumitru Nicoleta , Cocoloș Andra , Ioachim Dumitru , Goldstein Andrei Liviu , Ghemigian Adina Mariana
Published: November 2024

Thyroid cancer (TC) remains the most common cancer in endocrinology. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the most common type of TC, generally has a favorable outlook with conventional treatment, which typically includes surgery along with radioiodine (RAI) therapy and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression through thyroid hormone therapy. However, a small subset of patients (less than 5%) develop resistance to RAI. This resistance occurs due to the loss of Na/I symporter (NIS) activity, which is crucial for iodine absorption in thyroid cells. The decline in NIS activity appears to be due to gene modifications, reconfigurations with irregular stimulation of signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. These molecular changes lead to a diminished ability of DTC cells to concentrate iodine, which makes RAI therapy ineffective. As a consequence, patients with radioiodine-refractory DTC require alternative treatments. Therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has emerged as the primary treatment option to inhibit proliferation and growth of RAIR-DTC, targeting the pathways responsible for tumor progression. In this article, we analyze molecular processes responsible for RAI resistance and explore both conventional and emerging therapeutic strategies for managing RAIR-DTC, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Incidence of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization in 3000 Military Personnel, Assessing Sex, Race, Installation, and Occupational Impacts
Authors: Ching Susan J. , Susi Apryl , Ailsworth Samuel M. , Workman Lisa J. , Platts-Mills Thomas A. E. , Wilson Jeffrey M. , Nylund Cade M.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is associated with Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) bites, accounting for the regional distribution of the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). Longitudinal studies describing risk factors for incident alpha-gal sensitization are lacking. The objective of this project was to assess the incidence of alpha-gal IgE seroconversion and identify associated demographic, occupational, and geographical risk factors among US military personnel. Methods: Samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository were evaluated at two time points at least 3 years apart. In total, 3000 service members stationed at 10 military installations within the A. americanum tick range were included. Installation, sex, race and ethnicity, rank, military occupation, and branch of service were evaluated. Alpha-gal IgE seroconversion was defined as a change from <0.1 kU/L) to ≥0.1 kU/L. Results: Among the 2821 personnel who were alpha-gal IgE-negative at baseline, 138 (4.9%) seroconverted over a mean interval of 3.4 years. Seroconversion was more frequent in males (5.5% vs. 1.9%), White individuals (6.6% vs. 1.0% in Black people and 1.5% in Hispanics), and individuals in occupations with higher presumed outdoor exposure (e.g., infantry/law enforcement: 12.7% vs. administrative: 1.2%). Differences were not significant between sexes when accounting for military installation/occupation, but differences in race and ethnicity remained significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that alpha-gal IgE seroconversion is occurring within the A. americanum tick range and is associated with White race and ethnicity, and occupations with higher outdoor exposure. Further research is needed to elucidate the influence of race and ethnicity on alpha-gal sensitization and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies for AGS.
Hypophosphataemia in Critical Illness: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ramanan Mahesh , Tabah Alexis , Affleck Julia , Edwards Felicity , White Kyle C. , Attokaran Antony , Laupland Kevin
Published: November 2024

Phosphate is a predominately intracellular anion that has several key roles in normal cellular functions. Derangements in serum phosphate concentration occur frequently during critical illness, particularly hypophosphataemia, which has been reported in up to 75% of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The association between hypophosphataemia and ICU outcomes reported in the literature are conflicting and and subject to substantial confounding. Exogenous phosphate can be administered in the ICU using the enteral and intravenous route safely. However, whether administering phosphate and correcting hypophosphataemia results in any patient-centred benefits, or harms, remains uncertain, particularly for patients with mild hypophosphataemia or low-normal phosphate levels. This review will highlight key aspects of hypophosphataemia management in the critically ill, summarise current best practice, and outline major research priorities.
Fathers as Key Figures Shaping the Foundations of Early Childhood Development: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study on Web-Based Intervention
Authors: Cimino Silvia , Tafà Mimma , Cerniglia Luca
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Early childhood development is profoundly influenced by parent–child interactions, with recent research emphasizing the crucial role fathers play alongside mothers. Paternal involvement, especially in caregiving activities like feeding, positively impacts children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. However, paternal depressive symptoms can hinder the quality of these interactions, potentially leading to long-term behavioral and emotional difficulties in children. Despite this, interventions to enhance caregiving quality that target fathers remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based video feedback intervention in improving father–child feeding interactions and reducing psychopathological symptoms in both fathers and their 12- to 24-month-old children. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with 244 fathers and their young children. Participants were assessed at two time points (T1 and T2) four weeks apart. Fathers engaged in remote one-hour intervention sessions twice a week, based on the Video Intervention Therapy (VIT) approach. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) assessed the fathers’ psychopathological symptoms, while the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1½–5) evaluated the children’s emotional and behavioral functioning. Father–child feeding interactions were video-recorded and analyzed using the Scala di Valutazione delle Interazioni Alimentari (SVIA). Results: Post-intervention analyses showed significant improvements in father–child feeding interactions, with reductions in maladaptive behaviors and interactive conflicts. Fathers exhibited significant decreases in psychopathological symptoms, particularly in depression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive tendencies. Children demonstrated significant reductions in internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusions: The web-based video feedback intervention effectively enhanced the quality of father–child feeding interactions and reduced psychopathological symptoms in both fathers and children. These findings highlight the importance of supporting fathers in their caregiving roles to promote positive developmental outcomes during critical early childhood periods. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of such interventions and their applicability across diverse populations.
Differences Between Patients with Probable UIP and Definite UIP on HRCT in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Real-World Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Tao , Yin Cheng-Sheng , Wang Ping , Li Qiu-Hong , Shao Chi , Huang Hui , Song Lan , Zhang Wei-Hong , Xu Zuo-Jun
Published: November 2024

Background: Both a probable usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern (p-UIP) and a definite UIP pattern (d-UIP) on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are sufficient to establish a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without the need for a surgical lung biopsy, according to the 2022 IPF guidelines. However, it remains unknown whether patients with p-UIP and d-UIP have similar disease behaviors and clinical courses. Material and Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with IPF and divided the patients into two groups according to their HRCT patterns: a p-UIP group and a d-UIP group. The baseline characteristics, survival rates, and pulmonary function tests were compared between the two groups. The risk factors for mortality were determined by Cox regression in p-UIP and d-UIP separately. Results: There were 304 patients in the p-UIP group and 480 patients in the d-UIP group. Patients in the d-UIP group were more likely to have smoking histories (p < 0.001) and had lower baseline FVC% (74% vs. 77%, p = 0.021) and DLCO% (50% vs. 58%, p < 0.001). Survival rates were higher in p-UIP compared with d-UIP (p = 0.004). There were no differences in changes in FVC% or DLCO% between the two groups. Baseline DLCO% was the only independent risk factor for mortality in p-UIP. Baseline FVC% was independently associated with mortality in d-UIP. Symptom of cough was a risk factor for disease progression (OR = 1.2, p = 0.002) in p-UIP, while symptom of dyspnea might be associated with disease progression in d-UIP (OR = 2.7, p = 0.065). Male patients (OR = 1.88, p = 0.002) with a smoking history (OR = 1.16, p = 0.002) were at higher risk of developing d-UIP. Conclusions: We observed the different disease trajectories between p-UIP and d-UIP. P-UIP on HRCT might identify a subgroup of IPF patients who are in the early stage with a better prognosis.
An Observational Study of Evidence-Based Therapies in Older Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Insights from a Dedicated Heart Failure Clinic
Authors: Araújo Catarina Silva , Marco Irene , Restrepo-Córdoba María Alejandra , Vila Costa Isidre , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Goirigolzarri-Artaza Josebe
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Despite significant advances in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), data concerning older patients remain limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in older patients with HFrEF along with cardiac events and variation in clinical and echocardiographic parameters during follow-up in a heart failure (HF) clinic. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational analysis of patients with HFrEF aged ≥ 80 years who attended an HF clinic between March 2022 and February 2023. The primary outcome was a composite of the first episode of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. All-cause death was also recorded. Results: We included 110 patients (30.9% females; mean age 82.9 years). After a median follow-up of 25.5 months, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved (mean difference 12.5% (p < 0.001)). New York Heart Association class improved in 37% of patients, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels decreased (3091 (158–53354) to 1802 (145–19509), p < 0.001). The primary outcome occurred in 34 patients (30.9%). Patients without the primary outcome were more likely to receive sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) (23.5% versus 67.1%, p < 0.001) and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin-receptor blockers (67.6% versus 84.2%, p < 0.05). These patients also received a greater number of GDMT medications (2 (0–4) versus 3 (1–4), p < 0.01) and demonstrated a higher LVEF at the last visit (41.2 ± 10.2% versus 47.1 ± 9.4%, p < 0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated a significant association between LVEF recovery (hazard ratio (HR) 0.35, p < 0.01), treatment with two or more GDMT medications (HR 0.29, p < 0.01), vasodilator use (HR 0.36, p < 0.01), and SGLT2i prescription (HR 0.17, p < 0.001) and a reduced risk of the primary endpoint. Conclusions: The optimization of HF treatment is achievable in older patients and may be associated with a reduction in cardiac events.
An Evaluation of a Point-of-Care GEM Premier ChemSTAT Analyzer in an Emergency Department: Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and Optimization of Patient Flow
Authors: Brailova Marina , Audin Marie , Raconnat Julien , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Schmidt Jeannot , Pereira Bruno , Bouvier Damien , Sapin Vincent
Published: November 2024

Background: Having a laboratory renal profile for medical imaging examinations requiring contrast media (CM) administration is strongly advised. Creatinine helps identify patients at risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The GEM® Premier™ ChemSTAT (Werfen) is a point-of-care (POC) analyzer with 12 emergency parameters, including a creatinine assay. This study aims to compare ChemSTAT with the central analytical solution of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand and to evaluate the interest in using POC creatinine in the emergency department (ED) to optimize the flow of patients, especially when CM administration is necessary. Methods: More than 200 whole blood (WB) samples from the ED were evaluated on the ChemSTAT analyzer. As comparative methods, the plasma aliquots from the same samples were assayed on an Atellica® CH (Siemens Healthineers). The clinical concordance was assessed according to the decision cut-offs of the French Society of Radiology for the risk of CIN. The availability times of biological results between ChemSTAT and the central laboratory were studied. Results: WB results from the ChemSTAT analyzer correlated well with those from the Atellica® CH, except for tCO2 (the known bias between the Siemens and Cobas Roche methods for predicting ChemSTAT values). The results of the creatinine assay allow for identical medical decisions in comparison to the renal-risk cut-offs. The availability of the biological results was reduced by 50 min on average with ChemSTAT vs the central laboratory. Computed tomography (CT) was performed for 44.7% of patients, including the injection of the CM in 68% of cases. For these patients, the availability of creatinine results relative to imaging time is faster with the ChemSTAT by an average of 45.2 min. Conclusions: Great analytical and clinical correlations for creatinine assays allow for the safe identification of patients at risk of CIN, and improve patient flow in ED, especially for those requiring computed tomography with CM.
Situations in Which Oxytocin Was Administrated by Paramedics in Out-of-Hospital Births: A Retrospective Analysis over Six Years in the Polish Population
Authors: Wiciak Hanna , Strózik Mateusz , Smereka Adam , Fuchs Tomasz , Smereka Jacek
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, complicating 1% to 10% of deliveries. Despite improvement in prevention and management, variations in PPH definitions and measurement methods contribute to challenges in accurately assessing its incidence, with up to 90% of PPH-related deaths in high-income countries deemed avoidable through timely intervention. Oxytocin is the primary drug administered during labour or miscarriage, causing an increase in uterine muscle tone, which reduces bleeding and the risk of complications. The aim of the study was to assess the rate of oxytocin use by paramedics for out-of-hospital births in Poland and to verify adherence to WHO-recommended protocols for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in emergency prehospital settings. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Polish Central System for Emergency Medical Services Missions Monitoring covering all EMS interventions nationwide from 2018 to 2023. The study included cases where oxytocin was administered during EMS interventions for pregnant women, identified through ICD-10 codes (O30–O92), with 62 verified cases meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Over 6 years, oxytocin was administered in 62 cases when paramedics responded to emergencies involving pregnant women. The mean age of the patients to whom the oxytocin was administered was 29.48 years (SD = 6.25) and ranged from 15 to 43 years. Conclusions: Oxytocin is rarely administered by EMS teams at the prehospital stage. Oxytocin should be considered for incorporation into the set of medications that EMS teams can administer in prehospital settings. There is a need to train EMS teams in the management of pregnancy-related emergencies in accordance with the current medical guidelines.
Decoding Chemotherapy Resistance of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma at the Single Cell Resolution: A Case Report
Authors: Fetisov Timur I. , Menyailo Maxim E. , Ikonnikov Alexander V. , Khozyainova Anna A. , Tararykova Anastasia A. , Kopantseva Elena E. , Korobeynikova Anastasia A. , Senchenko Maria A. , Bokova Ustinia A. , Kirsanov Kirill I. , Yakubovskaya Marianna G. , Denisov Evgeny V.
Published: November 2024

Background: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a highly malignant mesenchymal tumor that ranks as one of the most common types of soft tissue sarcoma. Even though chemotherapy increases the 5-year survival rate in UPS, high tumor heterogeneity frequently leads to chemotherapy resistance and consequently to recurrences. In this study, we characterized the cell composition and the transcriptional profile of UPS with resistance to chemotherapy at the single cell resolution. Methods: A 58-year-old woman was diagnosed with a 13.6 × 9.3 × 6.0 cm multi-nodular tumor with heterogeneous cysto-solid structure at the level of the distal metadiaphysis of the left thigh during magnetic resonance tomography. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis led to the diagnosis of high-grade (G3) UPS. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery (negative resection margins), and adjuvant chemotherapy were conducted, but tumor recurrence developed. The UPS sample was used to perform single-cell RNA sequencing by chromium-fixed RNA profiling. Results: Four subpopulations of tumor cells and seven subpopulations of tumor microenvironment (TME) have been identified in UPS. The expression of chemoresistance genes has been detected, including KLF4 (doxorubicin and ifosfamide), ULK1, LUM, GPNMB, and CAVIN1 (doxorubicin), and AHNAK2 (gemcitabine) in tumor cells and ETS1 (gemcitabine) in TME. Conclusions: This study provides the first description of the single-cell transcriptome of UPS with resistance to two lines of chemotherapy, showcasing the gene expression in subpopulations of tumor cells and TME, which may be potential markers for personalized cancer therapy.
Evaluation of Marginal Fit of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crowns and Scanning Time Using Different Intraoral Scanning Systems
Authors: Pereira Leandro Maruki , de Melo Bárbara Inácio , Oliveira Alex Antônio Maciel , Mendonça Gustavo , Raposo Luís Henrique Araújo , Prudente Marcel Santana , das Neves Flávio Domingues
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the scanning time and marginal fit of CAD/CAM crowns fabricated using different intraoral scanning systems (IOS) (O1—Omnicam 1.0, O2—Omnicam 2.0, PS—Primescan). A standardized, 3D-printed composite resin die with a full-crown tooth preparation was scanned ten times with each IOS, and the scanning time was recorded. Subsequently, lithium disilicate ceramic crowns were designed and milled. The crowns were seated in the die and scanned using micro-computed tomography to assess the marginal fit. Fifty-two measurements were performed for each crown. Data were assessed for homogeneity, and one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test were performed (α = 0.05). For the analysis of vertical fit categories, the chi-square (Fisher’s exact) test (α = 0.05) was used. The mean vertical fit values were: O1—46.7 ± 16.4 μm, O2—33.8 ± 21.4 μm (p = 0.041), and PS—12.3 ± 6.6 μm (p < 0.001). The vertical fit values were further categorized by percentage and representative specimens were scanned with electron microscopy to evaluate adaptation. The mean scanning times were: O1—37.4 ± 3.1 s; O2—34.8 ± 2.7 s; and PS—27.8 ± 1.9 s. Significant differences were observed in the scanning times and marginal fit values of the CAD/CAM ceramic crowns across the different IOS systems, with PS demonstrating the best results. Improvements in IOS hardware and software significantly influence these outcomes.
The 2023 British Thoracic Society Guideline for Pleural Disease Update on Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Sivabalah Kavita , Balata Haval , Craig Chris , Alsaaty Alaa , Conroy Kevin , Ong Wei Hann , Aujayeb Avinash
Published: November 2024

The management of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) has developed hugely since the publication of the management of an MPE: British Thoracic Society (BTS) Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. The presence of an MPE reflects advanced or metastatic disease (excluding malignant pleural mesothelioma) and thus the management of MPE often focuses on symptomatic relief of symptoms and improving quality of life. We provide a review of the 2023 BTS guidance in relation to malignant pleural effusions and specific points on imaging and systemic anti-cancer treatment by concentrating on a hypothetical patient vignette.
A Method for Predicting the Surface Subsidence Duration and the Maximum Subsidence Velocity
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Wang Fei , Yan Yueguan , Zhu Yuanhao , Dai Linda , Kong Jiayuan
Published: November 2024

The surface subsidence duration and the maximum subsidence velocity are critical indicators to evaluate the stability and severity of surface damage. Precisely predicting them is important for guiding engineering design and protecting ground infrastructure. Traditional manual measurement methods are time-consuming and laborious, and the existing empirical formulas have low accuracy and poor applicability. Therefore, a new prediction method was established in this paper. Measured data from 30 mining areas were used for verification. The results show that the predicted surface subsidence duration is basically consistent with the measured value. The standard deviation of the two is 61 d, and the relative standard deviation is 6.6%. The predicted surface maximum subsidence velocity is basically consistent with the measured value. The standard deviation of the two is 10.0 mm/d, and the relative standard deviation is 1.6%. The surface subsidence duration and the maximum subsidence velocity are positively correlated with the coal seam thickness, negatively and positively correlated with the mining speed, and positively and negatively correlated with the mining depth. The mining speed and mining depth have the same sensitivity to the two indicators, and the coal seam thickness is more sensitive to the surface subsidence duration. Furthermore, construction within the subsidence basin may further contribute to surface subsidence. Therefore, land reuse measures should be implemented following the predicted surface subsidence duration in this paper. This study addresses the knowledge gap in this field by deriving theoretical formulas for surface subsidence duration and maximum subsidence velocity. In the absence of sufficient measured data, engineers can calculate predicted values in combination with geological mining conditions and develop appropriate mining plans based on the extent of surface subsidence.
Enhancing the Chemosensitivity of MKN-45 Gastric Cancer Cells to Docetaxel via B7H6 Suppression: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Aslan Elif Sibel , Akcali Nermin , Yavas Cuneyd , Eslamkhah Sajjad , Gur Savas , Karcioglu Batur Lutfiye
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Although chemotherapy is one of the standard treatments for gastric cancer, the disease’s resistance mechanisms continue to limit the survival rates. B7H6 (NCR3LG1), an immune checkpoint belonging to the B7 family, is significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer. This work investigated the possibility of using B7H6 suppression to improve the effectiveness of the widely used chemotherapy medication docetaxel. Materials and Methods: In this study, MKN-45 gastric cancer cells were transfected for 24 h with siRNA targeting B7H6, and then, docetaxel was added at optimal inhibitory doses (IC25 and IC50). To assess the impact of this combination therapy, cellular viability, proliferation, and migration were assessed using MTT assay, colony-forming unit assay, and wound-healing assay, respectively. Additionally, apoptosis and cell cycle status were evaluated by flow cytometry. Moreover, using qRT-PCR, the gene expression of B7H6 and indicators associated with apoptosis was also examined. Results: The sensitivity of MKN-45 cells to docetaxel was greatly increased by the siRNA-mediated knockdown of B7H6, resulting in a decrease in the drug’s IC50 value. When compared to each therapy alone, the combination of B7H6 siRNA plus docetaxel at IC50 levels exhibited a significant increase in apoptosis rate. The volume of cells arrested at the sub-G1 and G2-M phase was shown to rise when B7H6 siRNA transfection was combined with docetaxel. Furthermore, the combination treatment significantly decreased the ability of cells to migrate and form colonies. Conclusions: B7H6 suppression increases the susceptibility of MKN-45 gastric cancer cells to docetaxel treatment, resulting in decreased cellular proliferation and increased rates of apoptosis. The present work underscores the possibility of enhancing treatment results in gastric cancer by merging conventional chemotherapy with gene-silencing approaches.
Sexual and Metabolic Differences in Hippocampal Evolution: Alzheimer’s Disease Implications
Authors: Martínez-Martos José Manuel , Cantón-Habas Vanesa , Rich-Ruíz Manuel , Reyes-Medina María José , Ramírez-Expósito María Jesús , Carrera-González María del Pilar
Published: November 2024

Sex differences in brain metabolism and their relationship to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s are an important emerging topic in neuroscience. Intrinsic anatomic and metabolic differences related to male and female physiology have been described, underscoring the importance of considering biological sex in studying brain metabolism and associated pathologies. The hippocampus is a key structure exhibiting sex differences in volume and connectivity. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, dendritic spine density, and electrophysiological plasticity contribute to the hippocampus’ remarkable plasticity. Glucose transporters GLUT3 and GLUT4 are expressed in human hippocampal neurons, with proper glucose metabolism being crucial for learning and memory. Sex hormones play a major role, with the aromatase enzyme that generates estradiol increasing in neurons and astrocytes as an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism. Inhibition of aromatase increases gliosis and neurodegeneration after brain injury. Genetic variants of aromatase may confer higher Alzheimer’s risk. Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women prevents hippocampal hypometabolism and preserves memory. Insulin is also a key regulator of hippocampal glucose metabolism and cognitive processes. Dysregulation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 may explain the comorbidity between type II diabetes and Alzheimer’s. GLUT4 colocalizes with the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase IRAP in neuronal vesicles, suggesting an activity-dependent glucose uptake mechanism. Sex differences in brain metabolism are an important factor in understanding neurodegenerative diseases, and future research must elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of these differences.
Hypersensitivity to Lanolin: An Old–New Problem
Authors: Lis Kinga
Published: November 2024

Lanolin is a fatty substance derived from sheep’s fleece. The ancient Greeks used the moisturizing and skin-protective properties of this substance. The technique of industrial production of lanolin was developed in Germany in the 19th century. Since then, this natural wax has become an extremely popular base for many different cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations intended for the treatment and care of the skin. In addition to its medicinal and cosmetic applications, lanolin is also widely used for industrial purposes. Hypersensitivity to lanolin has raised many questions and controversies for almost 100 years. Although lanolin has significant dermoprotective properties and when applied to intact skin without inflammatory changes, it lubricates it, improves its lipid barrier, and maintains proper moisture, it can also cause contact hypersensitivity when in contact with pathologically changed or damaged skin. It can, in the same person, both protect and damage the skin, depending on the condition of the skin to which the cosmetic or medicine containing lanolin is applied. The nature of the observed reactions and the circumstances of their occurrence, as well as the lack of a clear answer to the question of whether this wax causes allergies or not, make this phenomenon one of the so-called dermatological paradoxes. Although unusual reactions to lanolin have been the subject of research for many years, they still raise many questions to which there is still no clear answer. This is mainly due to the imperfection and incompleteness of the available publications. Although many different studies have been published on hypersensitivity to lanolin, most of them are retrospective analyses of the results of routinely performed epidermal patch tests or descriptions of clinical cases. Such reports and analyses, although undoubtedly very important, are a poor tool for assessing the sensitizing potential of lanolin and/or its derivatives. It is difficult to determine the causative factors, to define lanolin allergens, to investigate immunological mechanisms, or to assess the clinical significance of this phenomenon. There is a definite lack of standardized studies on the nature of lanolin hypersensitivity involving well-selected groups of patients and healthy volunteers, which would be conducted in a reproducible manner under laboratory and/or clinical conditions. As of today, lanolin hypersensitivity seems to be both an old and new problem that still remains unresolved.
Microstructure, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of SiC-AlN-TiB2 Multiphase Ceramics
Authors: Gong Maoyuan , Zhang Hai , Hai Wanxiu , Liu Meiling , Chen Yuhong
Published: November 2024

SiC multiphase ceramics were prepared via spark plasma sintering using AlN and TiB2 as the second phase and Y2O3 as a sintering additive. The effects of TiB2 content (10 vol.% and 20 vol.%) and sintering temperature (1900 °C to 2100 °C) on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical and tribological properties of SiC multiphase ceramics were investigated. The results showed that Y2O3 reacts with Al2O3 on the surface of AlN to form the intercrystalline phase Y4Al2O9 (YAM), which promotes the densification of the multiphase ceramics. The highest density of SiC multiphase ceramics was achieved at 10 vol.% TiB2 content. Moreover, TiB2 and SiC exhibited good interfacial compatibility. In turn, a thin solid-solution layer (~50 nm) was formed by SiC and AlN at the interface. The periodic structure of SiC prevented the dislocation movement and inhibited the base plane slip. The most optimal mechanic characteristics (a density of 98.3%, hardness of 28 GPa, fracture toughness of 5.7 MPa·m1/2, and bending strength of 553 MPa) were attained at the TiB2 content of 10 vol.%. The specific wear rates of SiC multiphase ceramics were (4–8) × 10−5 mm3/N·m at 25 °C and 2.5 × 10−5 mm3/N·m at 600 °C. The wear mechanism changed from abrasion at 25 °C to a tribo-chemical reaction at 600 °C. Therefore, adding lubricious oxides of TiB2 is beneficial for the improvement in wear resistance of SiC ceramics at 600 °C.
Endovascular and Percutaneous Lymphatic Interventions in Cancer Patients: A Review Article
Authors: Ghonim Mohanad , Ghonim Mohamed , Aly Ahmed K. , Santos Ernesto , Moussa Amgad M.
Published: November 2024

Lymphatic complications are becoming increasingly identified in cancer patients. Chylous ascites, chylothorax, lymphoceles, and lymphorrhea are common in cancer patients and can occur due to traumatic injury during surgeries or infiltrative effects of the tumors themselves. Recently, some anti-neoplastic medications are also thought to result in lymphatic complications. Management options range from conservative options to minimally invasive interventions, to surgical interventions with no standardized management strategy. Imaging techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography and intranodal computed tomography or fluoroscopic lymphangiography are becoming more valuable in diagnosis and treatment planning. Minimally invasive interventions are rapidly evolving and have become the first-line intervention in most cases. Current research, however, faces limitations due to study design and variability. Standardized reporting and prospective studies are needed to advance the field. This review summarizes some of the latest literature on lymphatic interventions in cancer patients and provides reporting recommendations for future studies on lymphatic interventions.
The Effect of Preheating on the Mechanical Properties of AISI 1037 and AISI 304 Welded Joints Using Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Authors: Sudarsono  , Arifin Amir , Gunawan  , Wijaya Muhammad R. Y. Q. A. , Barata La Ode Ahmad , Ramli Mohd Ikram
Published: November 2024

This study explores the effect of preheating on the toughness of dissimilar welded joints between AISI 1037 and AISI 304 steels, using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and E309-16 electrodes. The innovation of this approach lies in assessing how preheating temperatures influence the mechanical properties of such welds. Preheating temperatures ranged from 150 °C to 300 °C, with impact testing revealing a notable increase in toughness, from 6.01 Joules at 150 °C to 19.57 Joules at 300 °C. Hardness tests indicated a maximum hardness of 313 VHN in the fusion zone and a minimum of 185 VHN in the AISI 304 area. Compared to non-preheated joints, preheating significantly enhanced impact strength and altered the fracture mode from brittle to ductile. Macrostructural and microstructural analyses with optical microscopy and SEM showcased changes in fracture surfaces and microstructural evolution, highlighting the improvement in mechanical properties due to preheating. These findings demonstrate that preheating critically enhances the toughness and overall performance of dissimilar metal welds, making it a valuable technique in industrial applications where enhanced joint toughness is crucial.
The Effect of TiC–TiB2 Dual-Phase Nanoparticles on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Ni–Fe-Based Superalloys
Authors: Liu Guanlan , Sun Shengwei , Hu Yaoyun , Zhao Qinglong
Published: November 2024

TiC–TiB2 dual-phase nanoparticles were added into a Ni–Fe-based cast superalloy and their effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties were compared to those of a Ni–Fe-based superalloy with the addition of TiC nanoparticles. The addition of TiC nanoparticles led to the precipitation of a higher volume fraction of carbides. Compared to the addition of TiC, the addition of TiC–TiB2 nanoparticles not only led to the precipitation of carbides but also promoted the formation of flaky borides and a reduction in the precipitation of the Laves phase. The strengthening effect of TiC–TiB2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of Ni–Fe-based superalloys was stronger than that of TiC nanoparticles due to more secondary γ’ precipitates. This study provides valuable insights for selecting ceramic nanoparticles to increase the mechanical properties of cast Ni–Fe-based superalloys.
Synthesis and Structure of Vanadium–Lead Coatings for Outer Space Structures
Authors: Tuleushev Yu. Zh. , Volodin V. N. , Zhakanbayev Y. A. , Migunova A. A. , Tynyshbay B. M.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to develop a technology for synthesizing non-degrading porous coatings that remain stable under the conditions of outer space. Using the magnetron sputtering method, we obtained vanadium–lead system coatings over a wide range of mutual concentrations from 6 to 44.9 at. % Pb. X-ray and electron microscopic studies were conducted on the obtained coatings. As a result of the research, a dependence of the film structure on changes in the lead concentration in vanadium was demonstrated. A correlation between the lead concentration in vanadium, the size of the resulting crystallites of solid solutions, and the change in the lattice parameter of the solid solution depending on the lead concentration in the coating was identified. A new possibility of producing porous vanadium coatings through vacuum annealing of the obtained alloy-based coatings in the V-Pb system was shown.