bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About the Calculation of Electronic Transitions in the Original CNDO/2 Treatment
Authors: Finkelstein Gloria , Giambiagi Myriam Segre de , Giambiagi Mario
Published: September 2019

The original CNDO/2 method is adapted to the open shell case in order to calculate the first singlettriplet electronic transition. The molecular wave functions are optimized, minimizing the fundamental and excited state energies. Some linear hydrocarbons and monocyclic azines are calculated. The results are improved compared with those obtained by means of the virtual orbital approximation. The modifications in the energy levels are discussed.
Generator Coordinate Method and Short Range Correlations
Authors: Providência J. da , Shakin C. M.
Published: September 2019

It is shown that the cluster expansion formalism previously developed as a basis for a theory of the ground state of correlated systems may be generalised in such a way as to enable the application of the generator coordinate method in the presence of singular interactions, thereby providing also a theory for excited states.
Über die berechnung von Sauerstoffverbindungen mit dem MINDO/2'-verfahren / The Computation of Oxygen Containing Compounds by the MINDO/2'-method
Authors: Strohhusch Frank , Bratan Silke
Published: September 2019

A new function for the O -H Core-Core-repulsion improves the results of MINDO/2' calculations on oxygen containing compounds.
Solvent Effects on the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Acid-Catalysed Hydrolysis of Diterf.-butylsuccinate in Dioxane-Water Mixtures
Authors: Asaad Adel N. , Khalil Fayez Y.
Published: September 2019

The acid-catalysed hydrolysis of ditert.-butylsuccinate in dioxane-water mixtures proceeds via consecutive first-order reactions. The rate constants kI and kII corresponding to the two steps decrease with increasing dioxane content of the medium. After reaching a minimum at 90% (w/w) dioxane, both rate constants increase again with further addition of dioxane. The kinetic ratio kI/kII is smaller than the statistical value 2.0, and is markedly affected both by solvent composition and temperature. The maximum concentration of the intermediate half ester decreases with increasing dioxane content. The observed activation energies EI and EII of the two steps of the reaction are largely dependent on temperature as well as solvent composition indicating a mixed type of bond fission represented by the AAl 1 and AAC 2 mechanisms, whose relative contributions in the overall rate constants kI and kIIcould be calculated on the basis of the number of water molecules incorporated in the corresponding transition states. The effect of bulk dielectric constant on the reaction rate was investigated in the light of the available electrostatic theories and showed the reaction to be an ion-molecular dipole type of interaction. The activation thermodynamic parameters were computed and discussed as criteria of solvent effect and mechanism.
Mössbauer and X-Ray Studies on Splat Cooled SnGeCu Alloy
Authors: Sirkin H. , Arcondo B. , Duhalde E. , Nassif E. , Quintana G.
Published: September 2019

Solid samples of (SnkGe1− k)36Cu64 with different tin concentrations were produced by the Splat Cooling technique. The melted material was cooled down from different initial temperatures (T0). These samples were analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results are compared with those obtained in similar measurements on the annealed samples and on the slowly cooled material. The fast quenched samples were all polycrystallines. The resultant phases are analized and a memory effect of the liquid state in the solid material is discussed.
Generalized Hamiltonians, Functional Integration and Statistics of Continuous Fluids and Plasmas
Authors: Tasso H.
Published: September 2019

Generalized Hamiltonian formalism including generalized Poisson brackets and Lie-Poisson brackets is presented in Section II. Gyroviscous magnetohydrodynamics is treated as a relevant example in Euler and Clebsch variables. Section III is devoted to a short review of functional integration containing the definition and a discussion of ambiguities and methods of evaluation. The main part of the contribution is given in Sect. IV, where some of the content of the previous sections is applied to Gibbs statistics of continuous fluids and plasmas. In particular, exact fluctuation spectra are calculated for relevant equations in fluids and plasmas.
Calcium Isotope Effects in Ion Exchange Electromigration and Calcium Isotope Analysis by Thermo-Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Fujii Y. , Hoshi J. , Iwamoto H. , Okamoto M. , Kakihana H.
Published: September 2019

Calcium ions were made to electromigrate along a cation exchange membrane. The abundance ratios of the calcium isotopes (Ca-40, 42, 43, 44, 48) in the migrated bands were measured by thermo-ionization mass spectrometry. The lighter isotopes were enriched in the front part of the migrated band. The increments in the isotope abundance ratios were found to be proportional to the mass differences of the isotopes. The observed e-values per unit mass difference (ε/ΔM) were 1.26 x 10-4 (at 20 °C), 1.85 x 10-4 (at 25 °C) and 2.4 x 10-4 (at 40 °C). The mass spectrometry was improved by using a low temperature for the evaporation of CaI2.
Entropy Production in Oscillating Chemical Systems
Authors: Månsson Bengt Å. G.
Published: September 2019

The entropy production in oscillating homogenous chemical systems is investigated by analyzing the difference between the average entropy production rate in a stable periodic oscillatory mode and in the corresponding unstable stationary state. A general analytical expression for this difference in the neighborhood of a Hopf bifurcation is derived. The entropy production in two typical models of chemical systems with unstable stationary states and stable periodic oscillations is investigated, using fixed concentrations as control parameters. The models exemplify both positive and negative entropy production rate differences. One of the investigated models has four free concentrations, the other three. The rate expressions are given by second order mass action kinetics with reverse reactions taken into account. The flows of reactants and products are controlled so that only the free concentrations vary, and the entropy of mixing associated with these flows is discussed.
Photoreactions of 2,6-Diphenyl-s-Hydrindacene-1,3,5,7-Tetrone and its Derivatives in Polar and Nonpolar Solvents
Authors: Timtcheva I. , Zechner J. , Getoff N. , Minchev St.
Published: September 2019

Continuous UV-irradiation as well as flash-photolysis of derivatives of 2,6-diphenyl-s-hydrindacene- 1,3,5,7-tetrone (bisindandione - BID), substituted in the p and p' positions of the phenyl rings, was found to result in the formation of stable photoproducts, of which the absorption, emission and excitation maxima coincide with those of the corresponding diarylidene-benzodifurandiones (bis-benzylidenephthalides - BBPh). Studies of light intensity effects gave evidence that this isomerization proceeds via a semi-isomerized intermediate. Additionally, flash-photolysis of BID showed the formation of short lived transients, which, however, are not the precursors of the stable photoproducts. These transients were assigned to 2,6-diphenyl-shydrindacene- 1,3,5,7-tetrone-2-yl free radicals. Their UV-absorption maxima are dependent on the polarity of the solvent and show a bathochromic shift upon substitution.
Temperature Dependence of Regioselectivity and Excimer Equilibrium in the Photodimerization of 9-Methylanthracene
Authors: Wolff Thomas
Published: September 2019

The temperature dependence of the ratio of formation of the two isomeric products (head-to-tail- and head-to-head-photodimer) of the photodimerization of 9-methylanthracene was measured in chloroform, ethanol, diethyl ether, and methylcyclohexane as solvents. The ratio increases or decreases with temperature depending on the solvent. One of the isomeric photoproducts was converted photochemically into the other one, indicating an equilibrium of excimer precursors of the products.
CD-Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Absolute Configuration of a Conformationally Flexible Aldehyde Ester Containing a Quarternary Stereogenic Center
Authors: Fleischhauer Jörg , Koslowski Axel , Schiffer Jan , Wollmer Axel , Enders Dieter , Zamponi Andrea , Raabe Gerhard
Published: September 2019

The absolute configuration of the conformationally flexible aldehyde ester methyl-2-formyl-2-(phe-nylsulfanyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-propanoate was determined by comparison of measured and calculated CD spectra.

The spectra were calculated by means of the so-called matrix method assuming R configuration at the stereogenic center. Calculated and observed signs of the first three most intense CD bands agree. Therefore, it was concluded that the absolute configuration of the compound was also R, which is in perfect agreement with the results of an X-ray structure determination.
Nanotechnology and stem cells in vascular biology
Authors: Jadczyk Tomasz , Caluori Guido , Wojakowski Wojciech , Starek Zdenek
Published: September 2019

Nanotechnology and stem cells are one of the most promising strategies for clinical medicine applications. The article provides an up-to-date view on advances in the field of regenerative and targeted vascular therapies describing a molecular design (propulsion mechanism, composition, target identification) and applications of nanorobots. Stem cell paragraph presents current clinical application of various cell types involved in vascular biology including mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic-like stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mononuclear stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. A possible bridging between the two fields is also envisioned, where bio-inspired, safe, long-lasting nanorobots can fully target the cellular specific cues and even drive vascular process in a timely manner.
Giant Aortic Syphilitic Aneurysm of The Ascending Aorta with Erosion in the Chest Wall: Case Report
Authors: Stiru Ovidiu , Geana Roxana Carmen , Valeanu Liana , Sorostinean Diana , Goicea Mihai , Stefan Mihai , Iovu Ion , Iliescu Vlad Anton
Published: September 2019

Since the discovery of penicillin, the incidence of tertiary syphilis dramatically has decreased. However, cases of cardiovascular complications of syphilis still are present. Ascending aortic aneurysms are some of the most devastating complications. Nonetheless, syphilitic aortitis (SA) can appear and should be suspected in patients with syphilis and aortic aneurysm. We report a case of a 57-year-old patient with a large ascending aortic aneurysm with cartilage and rib erosion. The purpose of this article is to discuss the particular surgical aspects of this unusual case.
Didácticas en la formación del contador público colombiano 2000-2015: una aproximación a partir de las publicaciones
Authors: Acosta Sahamuel Martha Giovanna , Barrios Pulido Sandra Milena , Valero Zapata Gloria Milena
Published: September 2019

El objetivo general del presente trabajo consistió en caracterizar las didácticas aplicadas en la formación profesional contable en Colombia entre los años 2000 al 2015. Para cumplir dicho propósito se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo a partir de una metodología cualitativa denominada “revisión narrativa”, la cual se aplicó en dos fases sobre los documentos académicos y científicos publicados en revistas contables y de educación colombianas, así como en las memorias del Encuentro Nacional de Profesores de Contaduría Pública. Los resultados arrojaron 98 documentos en la primera fase, mientras que en la segunda se encontraron 31, de los cuales un 42 % correspondió a artículos de reflexión; por otro lado, las tendencias de la didáctica: activa y cognitivista, fueron las tendencias de mayor representatividad, con un 36 % de los documentos cada una; finalmente se encontró que un 90 % de las publicaciones objeto de estudio en el ámbito contable adolecen de un ejercicio de apropiación conceptual pedagógica y, por ende, de claridad sobre una tendencia didáctica en particular.
In Vitro Comparison of ICDAS And DIAGNOdent Pen in The Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions of Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries
Authors: Akarsu DDS, PhD Serdar , Aktug Karademir DDS Sultan
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the ICDAS and the DIAGNOdent Pen in the diagnosis of occlusal caries lesions without cavitation, and for basing treatment decisions on the results obtained. Eighty permanent molar teeth that were healthy and non-cavitated or that had an initial occlusal lesion were evaluated. All teeth were investigated using DIAGNOdent Pen and ICDAS by four examiners. Histological evaluation of teeth was performed using stereomicroscopy by a histologist and different experienced dentist. For evaluation of the data, weighted kappa values (kw), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood ratio (LR+) values of the tests were calculated. The diagnostic results obtained using the DIAGNOdent Pen were found to correlate better with the results obtained from histological sections than those obtained using ICDAS. When the treatment decisions of the observers depending on the results of ICDAS, and ICDAS and DIAGNOdent Pen combination were compared with the decisions made based on histological examinations, the decisions based on ICDAS and DIAGNOdent Pen combined (kw: 0.522) were more accurate than the ones based on ICDAS (kw: 0.415) alone. In conclution, professional experience is an effective factor in diagnosing occlusal caries lesions without cavitation with ICDAS and in making treatment decisions for them. DIAGNOdent Pen is sufficient in diagnosing occlusal caries lesions without cavitation.
Slant submersions in paracontact geometry
Authors: GÜNDÜZALP Yılmaz
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we investigate some geometric properties of three types of slant submersions whose total space is an almost paracontact metric manifold.
A CLASSE MÉDIA CHINESA E SEUS PADRÕES DE CONSUMO
Authors: Di Zhu
Published: September 2019

Resumo: Este artigo enfoca as oportunidades de vida e a orientação dos consumidores da classe média na China, além de examinar suas características e sua participação nas práticas de consumo. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo China General Social Survey 2003. Devido a disparidades econômicas significativas entre as regiões, este artigo volta sua atenção para a divisão entre migrantes e habitantes nativos em cidades metropolitanas, que apresentam mais posições de classe média e onde a cultura de consumo prospera mais. A minha pesquisa mostrou que as diferenças entre os migrantes metropolitanos e os nativos metropolitanos são irrelevantes quanto à conquista de status social e participação nas práticas de consumo. Pode-se inferir que os migrantes metropolitanos são motivados a alcançar uma classe social ou uma renda mais alta e que seus gostos e estilos de vida são influenciados pelas cidades metropolitanas após sua migração. Mesmo que a frugalidade continue sendo um aspecto característico da população urbana chinesa, a classe média, os jovens e os grupos de renda alta apresentam uma forte orientação para o prazer e conforto pessoal.
The Practice and Assessment of College English Flipped Classroom Teaching in Medical Schools
Authors: Sun Yuefang
Published: September 2019

To better meet the demand of our society for the new compound talents with high abilities of intercultural communication, education reforms have been under way for a long time. College English teaching has been explored and perfected in terms of teaching contents and teaching model. This essay has practiced and assessed college English flipped classroom teaching, by carrying out teaching experiments, retrospectively comparing the results college English examinations of clinical medical students of Grade 2014 to 2017, and undertaking the questionnaire. It is concluded that college English flipped classroom teaching is feasible and is of many advantages, but there are still many problems which can’t be neglected. The practice and assessment of college English flipped classroom teaching mentioned in this essay will be significant to English teaching development.
The Evolution of Representative Claim-Making by the Chinese Communist Party: From Mao to Xi (1949–2019)
Authors: Frenkiel Emilie , Shpakovskaya Anna
Published: September 2019

This article traces the evolution of representative claim-making by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 up to the present day. Based on the analysis of official political discourses on the mass line, the Three Represents and more recent ongoing discourses on digitalization, we demonstrate the change and continuity of claim-making by the CCP. We show that while representative claim-making has undergone a significant transformation from the CCP as the representative of the working class to the sole representative of the Chinese people and nation, the CCP has been consistent throughout decades in maintaining its hegemony over representative claim-making.
Üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanımı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları
Authors: NAZİK Feyza , GÜNEŞ Gülsen
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanımı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Fırat Üniversitesi’nde okuyan 1723 öğrenci araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Öğrenciler bölüm, sınıf ve cinsiyetlerine göre tabakalı örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilmişlerdir. Öğrencilere sosyo-demografik özellikler ile, problemli internet kullanımı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeğini içeren anket formu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21.5±2.2’dir. %38.2’si kadın, %67.3’ü erkektir. Öğrencilerin %50.9’u haftada en az 6 gün internete bağlanmakta, %21.4’ü günde ortalama 2 saat internet bağlanmaktadır. İnternetin en fazla kullanım amaçları; e-posta adresine bakmak (%87.8), gazete dergi okumak (%63.4), online oyun oynamaktır (%28.4). Uzun süreli internet kullanımına bağlı en fazla görülen problemler ise, gözlerde yanma, boyun kaslarında ağrı ve uykusuzluktur. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ile problemli internet kullanımı ölçeği puanları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı düzeyde korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Öğrencilerde problemli internet kullanımının, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını olumsuz etkilediği görülmüştür. Problemli internet kullanımını azaltacak, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını geliştirecek tedbirler alınmalıdır.
Theoretical Frequency Response and Corresponding Bandwidth of an Empty Borehole for The Measurement of Strain Waves in Borehole Tensor Strainmeters
Authors: Zhang Kanghua , Tian Jiayong , Hu Zhifei
Published: September 2019

Borehole tensor strainmeters such as the RZB tensor strainmeter, YRY tensor strainmeter, and Gladwin tensor strainmeter are highly sensitive to ground deformation over periods of minutes to months, bridging the gap in the sensitivity and frequency between Global Positioning System and seismic measurements. To discuss the possibility of quantitatively measuring seismic strain waves by borehole tensor strainmeters, a model of the scattering of plane elastic P and S waves by an empty borehole is introduced to investigate the theoretical frequency response and corresponding bandwidth of an empty borehole for borehole tensor strainmeters. The calculation of scattering waves around the empty borehole gives the changes in the diameter of the borehole. Different gauge combinations are introduced to reflect the areal strain and the maximum shear strain of the incident waves. The theoretical frequency responses for different gauge combinations are determined by the nondimensional wavenumber of the incident wave, the Poisson’s ratio of the surrounding rock, and the difference between the azimuth angle of the first gauge and the incident angle of the incident wave. Theoretical‐frequency‐response analysis of different gauge combinations for an empty borehole confirms that different gauge combinations serve as low‐pass filters. The 1% bandwidth of the gauge combinations shows that borehole tensor strainmeters could quantitatively measure seismic strain waves in the acoustic frequency range if the instrumental effective bandwidth of the gauge is sufficiently large, which will advance high‐frequency seismology and benefit in situ calibration of borehole tensor strainmeters.
Study of efficacy of epidural methylprednisolone acetate and triamcinolone acetate for treatment of low back pain and radiculopathy
Authors: Pahuja Heena D. , Vyawahare Kiran R. , Dhumane Pradeep G.
Published: September 2019

Background: Epidural steroids have been proven to be one of the most effective non-operative managements of back pain. The present study entailed evaluation of the efficacy of epidural methylprednisolone acetate and triamcinolone acetate for treatment of low back pain and radiculopathy.Methods: The two groups of 25 participants, formed on the basis of the injectable epidural steroid used {80mg of methylprednisolone acetate (group 1) or 40mg of triamcinolone acetate (group 2)}, were enrolled after following due selection criteria. After detailed history taking, examination and requisite investigations, 15 ml volume of the drug was injected epidurally with the patient lying in lateral position. The patients were followed-up at 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months and pain assessment and percentage of pain relief was noted in comparison with the level of pain before epidural injection. Sleep quality, activity score, days in bed, analgesic requirement, complications and requirement of surgical intervention were all assessed at each follow-up.Results: The mean pain score was significantly less in group 1 after 6 weeks and 3 months period, with 60% in group 1 having “good” pain relief, while 69.56% amongst group 2 participants reported “fair” pain relief. Eighty four percent group 1 participants required 2 injections, while 64% participants in group 2 required 3 injections. There was overall improvement in the activity score, quality of sleep and decrease in bed rest and analgesic requirement.Conclusions: Epidural steroid therapy is highly efficacious and methylprednisolone acetate is more effective than triamcinolone acetate; with negligible complications.
Política Social na América Latina: tendências contemporâneas
Authors: Valadao Camila Costa
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões sobre as tendências contemporâneas das políticas sociais na América Latina. Para tanto, utiliza-se da revisão bibliográfica para evidenciar as particularidades e determinantes estruturais próprios dos países periféricos, bem como os impactos do ajuste neoliberal na região que, entre outros aspectos, aprofunda a dependência e a superexploração da força de trabalho. Trata-se, ainda, das contrarreformas do Estado baseadas no desmonte dos sistemas de proteção social, a partir das estratégias de mercantilização dos direitos e transmutação das políticas sociais em serviços privados. E, por fim, discute-se a centralidade e expansão dos mecanismos de intervenção sobre a pobreza, divulgados como principal estratégia de redução da desigualdade e da superexploração da força de trabalho.
O papel do Estado nas expropriações: os impactos do Complexo de Suape (PE)
Authors: Silva Rebeca Gomes de Oliveira , Silva Maria das Graças e
Published: September 2019

O presente ensaio visa expor os resultados de um estudo sobre as expropriações de comunidades tradicionais no Brasil, com destaque para o papel do Estado nestes processos, tomando como referência empírica o Complexo Industrial e Portuário de Suape em Pernambuco. A categoria expropriação, originalmente exposta por Marx, tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores dada a sua força heurística, contribuindo para o desvelamento de processos de migrações forçadas como parte das contratendências engendradas pelo capital para escapar à sua crise estrutural. Neste ensaio destacamos os mecanismos pelos quais o Estado contribui para as expropriações violentas do produtor direto dos seus meios de produzir. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O processo investigativo nos evidenciou que o Estado atua historicamente na garantia das expropriações das comunidades que possuem uma troca metabólica fundada no autoconsumo, expropriações estas que se mantêm e se aprofundam no capitalismo contemporâneo desenvolvendo múltiplas formas de violência.
Post-Notification Arrangements in Merging Business Entities (Mergers) as an Effort to Prevent Unfair Business Competition
Authors: Fahamsyah Ermanto , Suri Fadillah Atika
Published: September 2019

One way a business actor strengthens their business is through cooperation with other business actors. One form of cooperation is a "merger" or another term, "merging." Mergers carried out by business actors can result in monopolistic practices or unfair business competition. A merger of competition aspects is regulated in Article 28 and 29 of Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition which provides regulation regarding post-notification of mergers. Commission Regulation No. 1 of 2009 on Pre-Notification of Mergers, Consolidations, and Acquisitions gives a different arrangement, namely in the form of pre-notification to business actors. This difference in notification arrangements provides ineffectiveness and inefficiency for business actors.

Keywords: Post-Notification, Mergers, Unfair Business Competition.
Testing Host-Plant Driven Speciation in Phytophagous Insects: A Phylogenetic Perspective
Authors: Jousselin Emmanuelle , Elias Marianne
Published: September 2019

During the last two decades, ecological speciation has been a major research theme in evolutionary biology. Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation between populations evolves as a result of niche differentiation. Phytophagous insects represent model systems for the study of this evolutionary process. The host-plants on which these insects feed and often spend parts of their life cycle constitute ideal agents of divergent selection for these organisms. Adaptation to feeding on different host-plant species can potentially lead to ecological specialization of populations and subsequent speciation. This process is thought to have given birth to the astonishing diversity of phytophagous insects and is often put forward in macroevolutionary scenarios of insect diversification. Consequently, numerous phylogenetic studies on phytophagous insects have aimed at testing whether speciation driven by host-plant adaptation is the main pathway for the diversification of the groups under investigation. The increasing availability of comprehensive and well-resolved phylogenies and the recent developments in phylogenetic comparative methods are offering an unprecedented opportunity to test hypotheses on insect diversification at a macroevolutionary scale, in a robust phylogenetic framework. Our purpose here is to review the contribution of phylogenetic analyses to investigate the importance of plant-mediated speciation in the diversification of phytophagous insects and to present suggestions for future developments in this field.
BENTUK, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA LELAKAQ SASAK SEBAGAI MEDIA KAMPANYE CALON WALIKOTA MATARAM
Authors: Jayadi Usman
Published: September 2019

Abstract: In Lombok island, Lelakaq Sasak is one of the important culture use to give suggestion to people. Nowdays Lelakaq Sasak use as campaign median to attract constituent like in head village election, legislative, governor and regency election. The goal of this research is to know the segment of how Lelakaq Sasak types, function and Lelakaq Sasak mean in Mataram regency campaign. The method of collecting data in this research are observation, quotation, document and in analysis data use structural analysis and Semiotic for type analysis. Analysis function use approach hermeniutik. The research result that we know the type of Lelakaq Sasak in Mataram regency campaign. Based on structural analysis including theme; advice. Linguistic; Metaphor, perbandingan, Hyperbola. Sounds; Aliterasi and Asonasi Diksi or rau and rimba. Lelakaq Sasak’s function as entertaint, stimulus and advice. The purpose of Lelakaq Sasak is about describe event and feeling. The final result of this research: type, function and purpose of Lelakaq Sasak in Mataram candidate regency election campaign and to give moral value, material, spiritual and people’s  visualisation.
Key words: type, function and meaning of Lelakaq Sasak in Mataram candidate regency election campaign.
THE ROLE OF ENGLISH AS LINGUA FRANCA – INFORMED APPROACH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING TO PRESERVE CULTURAL IDENTITY
Authors: Kita Ngatu Simon Petrus , Basikin Basikin
Published: September 2019

The practice of teaching English as global language that has been widely spread in Indonesia does not fit to promote Indonesian local culture. Most of English language teaching practice pays much attention to students’ understanding relates to their local culture, but the whole process of English Language Teaching (ELT) itself denotes that students do not really apply their local culture in the English language learning. The effort of integrating local culture in ELT is still far from the concept of particularity, practicality, and of possibility. This article provides a conceptual perspective on the role of English as Lingua Franca (ELF) – Informed Approach in ELT in terms of preserving students’ cultural identity. It starts with describing the important issues dealing with the topic, evaluate the previous studies, building argument, and drawing conclusion and recommendation.  The article concludes that the approach needs to be more informed in the whole process of ELT in terms of learning English and preserving students’ local culture in which students are allowed to use English within their local culture rather than only in understanding their culture without practicing. 
Bhartṛhari and Wittgenstein on Grammar: A Few Observations
Authors: Seneviratne Rohana
Published: September 2019

Irrespective of spatiotemporal limitations of the world's intellectual history, discussions on the language have attracted considerable attention of philosophers, linguists, and even the public. The topics of such discussions have also included the meaning, nature or function/s, and necessity of grammar while diverse arguments have been raised both in support and against even its ontic presence. Among the philosophers from all ages who attempted to analyze the foundation of those arguments, i.e. the common notion that grammar is prescriptive and fruit of pedagogical instructions, Bhartṛhari(c. 450 - 510 C.E.) stands significant because of the richness and legitimacy of his arguments at such an early age of history. More than a millennium later, Ludwig Wittgenstein as a highly influential philosopher from the last century shows some relationship with Bhartrhari in (re)confirming that our common construal of grammar cannot be valid because of its non-prescriptive nature. While attempting to examine the ways in which Bhartṛhari and Wittgenstein have interpreted grammar, this paper succinctly investigates each philosopher approaches towards the language in use.
Morphological characteristics predict postoperative outcomes after vitrectomy in myopic traction maculopathy patients
Authors: Duan Tian-Qi , Song Kun , Yang Jie , Li Fang-Ling , Xiong Si-Qi , Wang Xiang-Gui , Xu Hui-Zhuo
Published: September 2019

AIM To provide the surgical indication for patients with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) by investigating the postoperative outcomes after vitrectomy among different types of morphological characteristic groups.METHODS All the 37 eyes of 37 MTMs were classified into three groups: foveal retinoschisis (FS), lamellar macular hole (LMH), foveal retinal detachment (FRD). The ratios of anatomic recovery, the central retinal thickness (CRT) and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were statistically analyzed among the three groups at preoperatively and followed up on 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy.RESULTS Anatomical recovery could be found in all patients of the FS and LMH group at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively, but only 83.33% patients in the FRD group showed anatomic recovery until 12 months. The time of CRT reduced to 200µm at 1, 6 and 12 months in FS, LMH and FRD group separately. Postoperative BCVA was better in the FS group than LMH and FRD group ( P < 0.05), but LMH group and FDR group had no difference. The visual acuity was significantly improved in FS group ( P < 0.01) and FRD group ( P = 0.018), but not the LMH group ( P = 0.196).CONCLUSION The FS group approached to anatomical recovery firstly gets the best BCVA. Early surgery should be considered for eyes at FS and before LMH or FRD occurs.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on outcomes after total joint arthroplasty: A meta-analysis & systematic review.
Authors: Chen Jiang , Zhang Fan , Liu Chu-Yin , Yuan Qiao-Mei , Di Xue-Shi , Long Shui-Wen , Shang Hong-Cai , Jia Yu-Song
Published: September 2019

Background Comorbidities in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may compromise outcomes with increased hospital stays, readmission and mortality rates. We aimed to determine whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA).Methods To identify studies for this review and meta-analysis, two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar until April 1, 2019, and identified additional studies by manual search of reference lists. Prospective or retrospective studies with quantitative outcomes for patients undergoing TJA were selected. Outcomes were compared between patients with underlying CKD stage >=3 or eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus mild/non-CKD as controls. Main endpoints were mortality, re-operation and re-admission rates.Results Among 59 studies reviewed, 19 meeting the eligibility criteria were included, providing data of 2,141,393 patients. After THA or TKA, CKD was associated with higher mortality risk than non-CKD (pooled OR 2.20, 95%CI = 1.90 to 2.54; P < 0.001); no significant differences were seen in re-operation between CKD and non-CKD patients (pooled OR 1.26, 95%CI = 0.84 to 1.88; P=0.266); and CKD patients had higher any-cause re-admission rates (pooled OR= 1.57, 95%CI = 1.27 to 1.94, P<0.001).Conclusion Underlying CKD predicts adverse outcomes after elective TJA with increased risk of mortality, re-admission, surgical site infection, and perioperative transfusion. Findings of this review and meta-analysis highlight CKD as a critical contributor to complications after TJA and may be helpful to surgeons when advising patients about associated risks of TJA.
Heme is involved in the systemic inflammatory response following radiofrequency ablation of hepatic hemangiomas
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Jun , Yang Meng-meng , Wang Shao-hong , Xu Li , Ke Shan , Ding Xue-mei , Sun Wen-bing , GAO JUN
Published: September 2019

Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for managing hepatic hemangiomas. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) often occurs with hemoglobinuria, and its underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Heme can trigger inflammation by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of inﬂammatory mediators. We therefore investigated whether circulating heme is involved in SIRS following RFA of hepatic hemangiomas.Methods We enrolled 65 patients with hepatic hemangioma who underwent RFA. Serum concentrations of free heme, ROS, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured after RFA. Univariate analysis and a multivariate binary logistic regression model were used to evaluate the contribution of 17 risk factors for SIRS after RFA.Results Fifty-nine (59/65, 90.8%) patients developed hemoglobinuria, among which 25 (38%) experienced SIRS shortly after RFA. In the SIRS group, the serum concentrations of heme, ROS, and TNF-α were immediately elevated after RFA compared with baseline and slowly regained their normal levels 3 days after RFA. Moreover, the concentrations of circulating heme significantly correlated with those of ROS ( r =0.805, P <0.001) and TNF-α ( r =0.797, P <0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the volume of a hemangioma (OR=1.293, P =0.031), time of ablation (OR=1.194, P =0.029) as well as the concentrations of heme (OR=1.430, P =0.017), ROS (OR=1.251, P =0.031), and TNF-α (OR=1.309, P =0.032) were significantly associated with SIRS.Conclusions Circulating heme was associated with the induction of ROS and the production of TNF-α, which may contribute to the induction of SIRS following RFA of hepatic hemangiomas.
Fructo-Oligosaccharides Ameliorate Steatohepatitis, Visceral Adiposity, and Associated Chronic Inflammation via Increased Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in a Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Takai Atsuko , Kikuchi Kentaro , Ichimura Mayuko , Tsuneyama Koichi , Moritoki Yuki , Matsumoto Kotaro , Tsunashima Hiromichi , Onda Takeshi , Kuniyoshi Noriyuki , Nariyama Tomoyuki , Ohyatsu Sho , Kubota Juri , Nagumo Kozue , Sato Shipei , Hara Masumi , Miyakawa Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Within the spectrum of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in combination with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dysbiosis was reported to contribute to NASH pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on steatohepatitis and visceral adiposity in an obese mouse model of NASH.
Methods: Twelve newborn C57BL/6J male mice were subcutaneously injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity on a conventional diet. Six mice were also administered 5% FOS via drinking water from 10 weeks of age. At 18 weeks, histological characteristics of the liver and epididymal fat were compared between the groups. Hepatic mRNA expression of lipid metabolism enzymes and SCFA in feces and sera were measured.
Results: Hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte ballooning in the liver and increased hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase were observed in the MSG-treated mice. FOS treatment improved the liver pathology and blunted the increases in the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism enzymes. In addition, FOS inhibited adipocyte enlargement and formation of crown-like structures and reduced the M1 macrophage frequency in the epididymal fat of the MSG mice (39.4% ± 3.0% vs. 22.8% ± 0.7%; P = 0.001). FOS increased not only the fecal concentrations of n-butyric acid (0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.38 ± 0.14 mg/g, P = 0.02), propionic acid (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.42 ± 0.16 mg/g, P = 0.02), and acetic acid (0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 1.48 ± 0.29 mg/g, P = 0.03) but also the serum concentration of propionic acid (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L, P = 0.001).
Conclusions: FOS ameliorates steatohepatitis, visceral adiposity, and chronic inflammation by increasing SCFA production .
Cloning and molecular characterization of five MAPKK genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and two of them positively regulate salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Gang , Liang Ying-hai , Zhang Ji-yu , Cheng Zong-Ming (Max)
Published: September 2019

Background: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays an important role in plant development and stress response. In particular, MAPK kinases (MAPKKs/MKKs) have been reported to play a crucial role in MAPK cascades that mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. Few MKKs in grapevine (Vitis vinifera), however, have been functionally characterized.Results: In the present study, five MKK members in grapevine (‘Pinot Noir’) were identified, cloned and designated as VvMKK1-VvMKK5. A phylogenetic analysis grouped these into four sub-families based on the similarity of their conserved motifs and gene structure to other Arabidopsis MKK members. RT-qPCR results indicated that the expression of VvMKK1, VvMKK2, VvMKK4, and VvMKK5 was up-regulated in mature leaves, young leaves, and roots, but exhibited low expression levels in leaf petioles. VvMKK2, VvMKK3, and VvMKK5 genes were differentially up-regulated when grapevine leaves were inoculated with spores of Erisyphe necator, or treated with SA, ETH, H2O2, or exposed to drought, indicating that these genes may be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Over expression of VvMKK2 and VvMKK4 genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in the production of seeds with a significantly higher germination and survival rate, and better seedling growth under stress conditions than wild-type plants. Overexpression of VvMKK2 in Arabidopsis resulted in improved salt and drought stress tolerance while overexpression of VvMKK4 improved salt stress tolerance.Conclusions: Results of the present investigation provide a better understanding of the interaction and function of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK genes at the transcriptional level in grapevine and led to the identification of candidate genes for improved drought and salt stress in grapes.
Assessment Of Stress On Serum Estradiol Levels In Female Subordinate Naked Mole Rats Following Isolation From Natal Colony
Authors: MAKORI AMOS ONYANSI , NYONGESA A. W. , ODONGO H. , MASAI R. J.
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effects of isolation of subordinate naked mole rats from natal colonies on their reproductive success. The study aimed at establishing whether the reproductive suppression in subordinate naked mole rats is the outcome of social stress exerted by breeding female in the colony or other unknown environmental factors within the colony set-up. Blood samples from experimental and control groups were collected on 2nd, 4th, 6th , 8th, 12th and 20th weeks of experimental period for hormonal analysis using ELISA technique. The Statistical analysis done using student t-test at 5% significance level.
Results: Hormone analysis showed significant change in both cortisol (t = 8.74, P=0.01) and estradiol (t=7.15, P=0.02) of subordinate isolated females. Results showed no correlation between stress and cyclicity. Conclusively, the observed reproductive suppression among subordinate naked mole rats in natal colonies is probably due to presence of queen or other reproductive aspects that may not be directly related to stress.
Microbiological and cytological characterization of coelomic fluid from three captive endangered amphibian Gastrotheca species with edema syndrome: Preliminary analysis.
Authors: Oleas-Paz Anahí , Santamaría-Naranjo Ana Cecilia , Rojas-Carrillo Maira , Merino-Viteri Andrés , Genoy-Puerto Alexander
Published: September 2019

Objective: Edema syndrome is highly prevalent but under researched in captive frogs around the world. The objective of the present study was to characterize at a basic microbiological and cytological level the edema fluid of 20 individuals of the genus Gastrotheca to determine the presence of possible anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
Results: Fourteen types of bacteria were identified in the edema fluid, twelve of them at the species level ( Pasteurella haemolytica , Hafnia alvei , Enterobacter agglomerans , Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas fluorescens , Burkholderia pseudomallei , Salmonella arizonae , Enterobacter gergoviae , Enterobacter sakazakii , Yersinia enterocolitica , Klebsiella oxytoca, and Klebsiella ozaenae ) and two at the genus level ( Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.). The most frequently identified cells were lymphocytes (37.7% in females and 46.4% in males), erythrocytes (23.5% in females and 17.5% in males) and neutrophils (4.2% in females and 2.8% in males). Finally, no relationship was found between the data obtained and the sex of the individuals studied.
A New Efficient Method to Detect Genetic Interactions for Lung Cancer GWAS
Authors: Luyapan Jennifer , Ji Xuemei , Xiao Xiangjun , Zhu Dakai , Duell Eric J. , Christiani David C. , Schabath Matthew B. , Arnold Susanne M. , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Brunnström Hans , Melander Olle , Thornquist Mark D. , MacKenzie Todd A. , Amos Christopher I. , Gui Jiang
Published: September 2019

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven successful in predicting genetic risk of disease using single-locus models; however, identifying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interactions at the genome-wide scale is limited due to computational and statistical challenges. We address the computational burden encountered when detecting SNP interactions for survival analysis, such as age of disease-onset. To confront this problem, we developed a novel algorithm, called the Efficient Survival Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (ES-MDR) method, which uses Martingale Residuals as the outcome parameter to estimate survival outcomes, and implemented the Quantitative Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction method to identify significant interactions associated with age of disease-onset. To demonstrate efficacy, we evaluated this method on two simulation sets to estimate the type I error and power. Simulations show that ES-MDR identifies interactions using less computational workload and allows for adjustment of covariates. We applied ES-MDR on the OncoArray-TRICL Consortium data with 14,935 cases and 12,787 controls for lung cancer (SNPs = 108,254) to search over all two-way interactions to identify genetic interactions associated with lung cancer age-of-onset. We tested the best model in an independent data set from the OncoArray-TRICL data. Our experiment on the OncoArray-TRICL data identified many one-way and two-way models with a single-base deletion in the noncoding region of BRCA1 (HR = 1.24, P = 3.15 x 10-15), as the top marker to predict age of lung cancer onset. From the results of our extensive simulations and analysis of a large GWAS study, we demonstrate that our method is an efficient algorithm that identifies genetic interactions to include in our models to predict survival outcomes.
Effect of Smoking On Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients In Malaysia; A Multicentre Study
Authors: Khan Amer Hayat , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Khan Kashif Ullah , Ming Long Chiau , Mateen Umer
Published: September 2019

Background : Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of smoking and to evaluate the TB treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods : A multicenter retrospective study design was used in order to collect data of TB patients at four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak and Selangor. Medical records of patients having TB admitted at the selected hospitals from January 2006 to March 2009 were included in the study. Medical records with incomplete data were excluded. A validated data collection form was used to note patient demographic and clinical data. Results: Of all TB patients, the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%) while 5024 (53.8%) were non-smokers. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) showed significant association with smoking habit. This study revealed that 3236 (75.0%) patients were successfully treated in smokers group while 4004 (79.7%) patients belong to non-smokers group. The proportion of death rate 283 (6.6%), defaulters 284 (6.6%) and treatment interruption 204 (4.7%) was high in smokers group. Conclusions: Smoking had a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings point out that smoking cessations is an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.