bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory studies of the behavior of organic matter of the Bazhenov deposits during thermal effects
Authors: Sitdikova L , Bondarev E , Khasanova N , Sidorova E
Published: July 2019

Currently, the role of unconventional facilities for hydrocarbons is increasing. Such objects include the Domanik rocks (Republic of Tatarstan) and Bazhenov deposits (Western Siberia). The article presents the results of studying the type of organic matter of the Bazhenov suite and studying the process of pyrolysis of organic matter. It is established that the formation of new free hydrocarbon radicals occurs at temperatures up to 350°C (pyrolysis of organic matter). This indicates that the rocks of the Bazhenov suite did not fully realize their hydrocarbon potential. The deposits of the “normal” section of the Bazhenov suite not only contain a large amount of ready and hard to recover hydrocarbons, but also have an additional generation potential.
Thermal Conversion of Heavy Crude Oil in the Presence of Formic Acid as a Hydrogen-donor Solvent
Authors: Almuntaser A. , Varfolomeev M. , Suwaid M. , Djimasbe R. , Garayeva D. , Ulbaev A.
Published: July 2019

In this study, thermal conversion experiments of heavy oil using steam and formic acid as a hydrogen donor were carried out in a batch reactor at T = 380 °C and P = 165 bar. Material balance and products distribution were calculated after the experiments. Properties of crude oil before and after thermal conversion were analyzed including: viscosity, API gravity, SARA and elemental analysis measurements. It was shown, that application of formic acid as a hydrogen-donor solvent leads to the reduction of coke and gaseous products formation and to the increase of liquid products yield. In addition, the viscosity of upgraded oil was decreased by 23.2% due to addition of formic acid in comparison with thermal conversion without the hydrogen-donor solvent.
Theoretical analysis of 4f25d2 configuration of singly ionized praseodymium
Authors: Javaid Saba , Zafar Roohi , Uddin Zaheer
Published: July 2019

Praseodymium (Pr) belongs to Lanthanide group; it has an unfilled f shell. Atomic Praseodymium is very rich in fine levels. Atomic structures both Pr I and Pr II have still not been completely classified. Few researchers have studied Pr fine structures theoretically. The 4f25d2 configuration of singly ionized Praseodymium (Pr II) has been investigated and term values, fine levels angular momenta and coupled wave functions arising from this configuration are being reported in this paper. To calculate the term values and wave functions, Russell-Saunders (L-S) and coefficient of fractional parentage methods have been used respectively. Spectroscopic terms for 4f25d2 configuration are 187, 457 J values of possible fine levels and 106 wave functions of given configuration have also been found. Wavefunctions could be used to calculate the energies of terms, transition probabilities, etc.
Effect of allotypic variation of human IgG1 on the thermal stability of disulfide-linked knobs-into-holes mutants of the Fc for stable bispecific antibody design
Authors: Akiba Hiroki , Satoh Reiko , Nagata Satoshi , Tsumoto Kouhei
Published: July 2019

Background

Disulfide-linked knobs-into-holes (dKiH) mutation is a well-validated antibody engineering technique to force heterodimer formation of different Fcs for efficient production of bispecific antibodies. An artificial disulfide bond is created between mutated cysteine residues in CH3 domain of human IgG1 Fc whose positions are 354 of the “knob” and 349 of the “hole” heavy chains. The disulfide bond is located adjacent to the exposed loop with allotypic variations at positions 356 and 358. Effects of the variation on the biophysical property of the Fc protein with dKiH mutations have not been reported.

Methods

We produced dKiH Fc proteins of high purity by affinity-tag fusion to the hole chain and IdeS treatment, which enabled removal of mispaired side products. Thermal stability was analyzed in a differential scanning calorimetry instrument.

Results

We firstly analyzed the effect of the difference in allotypes of the Fcs on the thermal stability of the heterodimeric Fc. We observed different melting profiles of the two allotypes (G1m1 and nG1m1) showing slightly higher melting temperature of G1m1 than nG1m1. Additionally, we showed different characteristics among heterodimers with different combinations of the allotypes in knob and hole chains.

Conclusion

Allotypic variations affected melting profiles of dKiH Fc proteins possibly with larger contribution of variations adjacent to the disulfide linkage.
Archaea and Bacteria Exposure in Danish Livestock Farmers
Authors: Bønløkke Jakob Hjort , Duchaine Caroline , Schlünssen Vivi , Sigsgaard Torben , Veillette Marc , Basinas Ioannis
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Methanogenic archaea have been found to make up part of the bioaerosols in pig, cattle, and poultry farms. So far no attempts have been made to determine how season, farm type, and farm characteristics may affect workers’ exposure to archaea.

Methods

Personal filter samples from 327 farmers working on 89 Danish farms were analysed for the number of 16S rRNA gene copies from archaea and bacteria and for their dust and endotoxin content. The farms were visited during summer and winter. Information on farm type and stable characteristics were collected using self-reported activity diaries and walk-through surveys. Differences in archaea and bacteria levels with farm type and stable characteristics and correlations with dust and endotoxin levels were examined.

Results

Personal archaea exposure was documented in all farm types including, for the first time, during mink farming. At 7.3*104 gene copies m−3 the archaea levels were around two orders of magnitude lower than bacteria levels at 5.7*106 gene copies m−3. At 1.7*105 gene copies m−3 among pig farmers and 1.9*104 gene copies m−3 among cattle farmers the archaea levels differed with farm type (P < 0.0005). The archaea and bacteria levels correlated weakly with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.17. Neither archaea nor bacteria levels differed by season. In pig farms the archaea levels differed by type of ventilation and by wetness of the floor.

Conclusions

Archaea levels were not neglible and appeared to vary greatly between farm types. In pig farms they varied with some farm characteristics. Archaea levels appeared to depend on factors that differed from those of bacteria.
Interspecific variation in organ position in hydrophiine snakes is explained by modifications to the vertebral column
Authors: Hampton Paul M
Published: July 2019

Interspecific disparities in the position of the internal organs of snakes have been associated with evolutionary history and cardiovascular performance, as influenced by habitat use. For snakes, the positions of internal organs are typically determined as a linear measurement relative to body length. Therefore, interspecific variation in organ position could be explained either as heterotopic shifts in organ position or by modifications to the vertebral column. Using vertebral counts from radiographs, I determined the positions of the atria and pyloric sphincter relative to the cloaca in hydrophiine sea snakes. I found interspecific variation in the number of pre-atrial vertebrae to be labile, whereas the number of vertebrae in the atria to pyloric sphincter region and in the pyloric sphincter to cloaca region was relatively constrained. Furthermore, the number of pre-atrial vertebrae was dissociated from the number of vertebrae between the atria and cloaca, indicating that these two regions of the vertebral column can evolve independently. I conclude that variation in organ position among hydrophiine sea snake species is attributable, in part, to differences in the number of vertebrae among regions of the vertebral column rather than to heterotopic shifts in the positions of the internal organs.
Semiparametric segment M-estimation for locally stationary diffusions
Authors: Deléamont P -Y , Vecchia D La
Published: July 2019

We develop and implement a novel M-estimation method for locally stationary diffusions observed at discrete time-points. We give sufficient conditions for the local stationarity of general time-inhomogeneous diffusions. Then we focus on locally stationary diffusions with time-varying parameters, for which we define our M-estimators and derive their limit theory.
The Rise of Transgender and Gender Diverse Representation in the Media: Impacts on the Population
Authors: Mocarski Richard , King Robyn , Butler Sim , Holt Natalie R , Huit T Zachary , Hope Debra A , Meyer Heather M , Woodruff Nathan
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population has gained a stronger voice in the media. Although these voices are being heard, there are limits on the types of TGD representation displayed in media. The current study interviewed 27 TGD individuals. These interviews exposed how participants view the rise of TGD media representation. The main themes that emerged were TGD awareness and TGD identity discovery and role modeling. Clearly, there is a disconnect between transnormativity in the media and transnormativity in reality.
Comparison of the sequencing bias of currently available library preparation kits for Illumina sequencing of bacterial genomes and metagenomes
Authors: Sato Mitsuhiko P , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Nakamura Keiji , Nishida Ruriko , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Masahiro , Hisatsune Junzo , Sugai Motoyuki , Takehiko Itoh , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: July 2019

In bacterial genome and metagenome sequencing, Illumina sequencers are most frequently used due to their high throughput capacity, and multiple library preparation kits have been developed for Illumina platforms. Here, we systematically analysed and compared the sequencing bias generated by currently available library preparation kits for Illumina sequencing. Our analyses revealed that a strong sequencing bias is introduced in low-GC regions by the Nextera XT kit. The level of bias introduced is dependent on the level of GC content; stronger bias is generated as the GC content decreases. Other analysed kits did not introduce this strong sequencing bias. The GC content-associated sequencing bias introduced by Nextera XT was more remarkable in metagenome sequencing of a mock bacterial community and seriously affected estimation of the relative abundance of low-GC species. The results of our analyses highlight the importance of selecting proper library preparation kits according to the purposes and targets of sequencing, particularly in metagenome sequencing, where a wide range of microbial species with various degrees of GC content is present. Our data also indicate that special attention should be paid to which library preparation kit was used when analysing and interpreting publicly available metagenomic data.
Shift in the paradigm towards next-generation microbiology
Authors: Stres Blaž , Kronegger Luka
Published: July 2019

In this work, the position of contemporary microbiology is considered from the perspective of scientific success, and a list of historical points and lessons learned from the fields of medical microbiology, microbial ecology and systems biology is presented. In addition, patterns in the development of top-down research topics that emerged over time as well as overlapping ideas and personnel, which are the first signs of trans-domain research activities in the fields of metagenomics, metaproteomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics, are explored through analysis of the publication networks of 28 654 papers using the computer programme Pajek. The current state of affairs is defined, and the need for meta-analyses to leverage publication biases in the field of microbiology is put forward as a very important emerging field of microbiology, especially since microbiology is progressively dealing with multi-scale systems. Consequently, the need for cross-fertilisation with other fields/disciplines instead of ‘more microbiology’ is needed to advance the field of microbiology as such. The reader is directed to consider how novel technologies, the introduction of big data approaches and artificial intelligence have transformed microbiology into a multi-scale field and initiated a shift away from its history of mostly manual work and towards a largely technology-, data- and statistics-driven discipline that is often coupled with automation and modelling.
Metatranscriptomics reveals mycoviral populations in the ovine rumen
Authors: Hitch Thomas C A , Edwards Joan E , Gilbert Rosalind A
Published: July 2019

The rumen is known to contain DNA-based viruses, although it is not known whether RNA-based viruses that infect fungi (mycoviruses) are also present. Analysis of publicly available rumen metatranscriptome sequence data from sheep rumen samples (n = 20) was used to assess whether RNA-based viruses exist within the ovine rumen. A total of 2466 unique RNA viral contigs were identified that had homology to nine viral families. The Partitiviridae was the most consistently observed mycoviral family. High variation in the abundance of each detected mycovirus suggests that rumen mycoviral populations vary greatly between individual sheep. Functional analysis of the genes within the assembled mycoviral contigs suggests that the mycoviruses detected had simple genomes, often only carrying the machinery required for replication. The fungal population of the ovine rumen was also assessed using metagenomics data from the same samples, and was consistently dominated by the phyla Ascomycota and Basidomycota. The strictly anaerobic phyla Neocallimastigomycota were also present in all samples but at a low abundance. This preliminary investigation has provided clear evidence that mycoviruses with RNA genomes exist in the rumen, with further in-depth studies now required to characterise this mycoviral community and determine its role in the rumen.
Split Thickness Grafts Grow From Bottom Up in Large Skin Injuries
Authors: Jalili Reza B , Pourghadiri Amir , Li Yunyuan , Cleversey Chantell , Kilani Ruhangiz T , Ghahary Aziz
Published: July 2019

Autologous split thickness skin graft is necessary for the survival of patients with large burns and skin defects. It is not clear how a thin split thickness skin graft becomes remarkably thicker within a few weeks following transplantation. Here, we hypothesized that growth of split thickness graft should be from bottom up probably through conversion of immune cells into collagen producing skin cells. We tested this hypothesis in a preclinical porcine model by grafting split thickness meshed skin (0.508 mm thickness, meshed at 3:1 ratio) on full thickness wounds in pigs. New tissue formation was evaluated on days 10 and 20 postoperation through histological analysis and co-staining for immune cell markers (CD45) and type I collagen. The findings revealed that a split thickness graft grew from bottom up and reached to almost the same level as uninjured skin within 60 days postoperation. The result of immune-staining identified a large number of cells, which co-expressed immune cell marker (CD45) and collagen on day 10 postoperation. Interestingly, as the number of these cells reduced on day 20, most of these cells became positive for collagen production. In another set of experiments, we tested whether immune cells can convert to collagen producing cells in vitro. The results showed that mouse adherent immune cells started to express type 1 procollagen and α-smooth muscle actin when cultured in the presence of fibroblast conditioned media. In conclusion, the early thickening of split thickness graft is likely happening through a major contribution of infiltrated immune cells that convert into mainly collagen producing fibroblasts in large skin injuries.
Settlement and Integration Policies in Federal Contexts: The Case of Refugees in Canada and Brazil
Authors: Ianni Segatto Catarina
Published: July 2019

The scholarly literature highlights that refugees face barriers accessing public services due to cultural, language and communication differences, financial constraints and lack of information, which can be reinforced by variations in service coverage and provision, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and complex intergovernmental relations and governance arrangements, common in federal systems. This article seeks to analyse Brazil and Canada to understand the implications of intergovernmental relations, particularly the role of local governments in settlement and integration policies. The analysis of documents and in-depth interviews highlights that, although Canada is highly decentralized, the federal government has a stronger role in guaranteeing equal access to services than in Brazil. Nevertheless, the lack of coordination among governments in both countries reinforces certain barriers, which have been overcome by an increasing role of municipalities and local actors in this policy field.
Subdural Pneumocephalus Aspiration Reduces Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Chavakula Vamsidhar , Yan Sandra C , Huang Kevin T , Liu Jingyi , Bi Wenya Linda , Rozman Peter , Chi John H
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition, with symptoms ranging from headaches to coma. Operative evacuation is the treatment of choice. Subdural reaccumulation leading to reoperation is a vexing postoperative complication.

OBJECTIVE

To present a novel technique for intraoperative aspiration of pneumocephalus via a subdural drain following SDH evacuation as a method of reducing potential subdural space and promoting cerebral expansion, thereby decreasing SDH recurrence.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, 15 patients who underwent operative evacuation of cSDH between 2008 and 2015 were assessed. Six patients underwent a small craniotomy with intraoperative pneumocephalus aspiration. These patients were matched by age, gender, and anticoagulation status to 9 patients who underwent evacuation of SDH without pneumocephalus aspiration. Quantitative volumetric analysis was performed on the preoperative, postoperative, and 1-mo follow-up computed tomography scan to assess the subdural volume.

RESULTS

In the immediate postoperative period, there was no difference in the percentage of residual subdural fluid between the aspiration and control groups (0.291 vs 0.251; P = 1.00). There was a decrease in amount of pneumocephalus present when the aspiration technique was applied (0.182 vs 0.386; P = .041). At 1-mo follow-up, there was a decrease in the residual cSDH volume between the aspiration and the control groups (28.7 mL vs 60.8 mL; P = .011). The long-term evacuation rate was greater in the aspiration group (75.4% vs 51.6%; P = .015).

CONCLUSION

Intraoperative aspiration of cSDH cavity is a safe technique that may enhance cerebral expansion and reduce likelihood of cSDH recurrence.
The Legacy of Darülfünun
Authors: İhsanoğlu Ekmeleddİn
Published: July 2019

Part III highlights the impact of the Ottoman University outside the Ottoman domain. The Darülfünun in İstanbul inspired various leaders in the other parts of the Muslim world. Students trained at the Darülfünun became influential advocates for the new Arab nationalism by providing the necessary infrastructure for national universities throughout the Arab-speaking provinces. Out of this intellectual ferment, a new Ottoman Turkish scientific language developed, the terminology from which served as a convenient vehicle for expressing and teaching modern science throughout the empire. This is perhaps the first monograph study of the development of such a language.
An Analytical Overview of the Foundation of Darülfünun
Authors: İhsanoğlu Ekmeleddİn
Published: July 2019

In this Epilogue the history of the Darülfünun is analytically discussed from the Ottoman modernization point of view started by Tanzimat reforms and as a pinnacal element of its public education policy. Attention is drawn to a noticeable parallel between the development of the Ottoman University and the process of the evolution of European university to industrial development posited by Fritz K. Ringer; accordingly the establishment of Darülfünun belongs to an “early industrial phase.” However, as was the case in Europe during the early industrial phase, there was in fact little connection between higher education and economic life. The Ottoman case followed a pattern of development similar to that in France and Germany, where the educational system served the needs of growing government bureaucracies, and these bureaucracies eventually did take an interest in both technological programs and economic development.
A Language of Pain
Authors: Ferber Ilit
Published: July 2019

Chapter 2 presents a close reading of two texts by Herder: “Treatise on the Origin of Language” (1772) and “Critical Forests” (1769). In the first, Herder presents his theory on the origin of language, which is distinctly somatic: language arises from pain, and is expressed in the cry. This chapter elaborates on the figure of Philoctetes, which is mentioned on the treatise’s first page and largely epitomizes Herder’s understanding of language with a special focus on questions of pain, the cry, human-animal relation, silence, body, and sympathy. In the second text discussed, Philoctetes is not only briefly mentioned, as he is in the Treatise, but takes the foreground. Here, in the context of his criticism of Lessing, Herder considers the problem of sympathy and the expression of pain in Sophocles’ Philoctetes. Both texts are considered from the perspective of three main terms: the cry of pain, silence, and sympathy.
Language and Attention
Authors: Ferber Ilit
Published: July 2019

Chapter 3 continues the discussion of the origin of language, moving from the language of sensations shared by humans and animals to what Herder presents as distinctly human language characterized by awareness and reflection. Notwithstanding the fact that human language is articulate and mediate, Herder keeps it very close to the fundamental principles of the language of sensations, especially insofar as the acoustic dimension of both languages is concerned. The language of sensations was founded on the production of sound in the cry or groan, whereas human language is about hearing. With a radical shift from the customary conception of language rooted in speech and communication, Herder argues that it evolves from man’s ability to listen. Herder uses the sense of hearing to establish a uniquely human linguistic orientation in, and attention to the world. This idea is developed in the chapter in comparison to a related argument in Rousseau’s theory of the origin of language.
Preparation for the Next Stage of Life
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

In what ways have their careers in social work education prepared them for the next stage of their life? Drawing on their vast reservoir of academic experience, participants in this study identified factors that prepared them for leading a meaningful life after a career in social work education. Entering post-academic life presents an opportunity to reflect on one’s life work and explore connections, and strengths-based connections to the future. In this chapter, participants discuss seven (often intersecting) elements of their careers in social work education that prepared them for The Next Chapter: general life skills; self-reflection and self-awareness; social connections; sensitivity toward the “other”; social justice; mental and physical health; and aging. Personal reflections from the author regarding preparation for life beyond academia are also included.
Decision Time
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

The word retirement carries negative connotations, so it comes as no surprise that study participants preferred the term The Next Chapter. Do we really have to “go out to pasture”? Or have our careers primed us to enter an exciting stage of life, perhaps a synthesis of everything we have experienced up to this point in time? Wouldn’t it be great if we could look forward and enjoy a newly enhanced life? Seize the day! This chapter covers how participants decided to depart from academia; how they knew when to make the move; precipitating events that occurred; and any conflicts they experienced in making the decision.
Life-Changing Events
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

A key element in social work and social work education is a belief in the ability to change, discovering previously hidden strengths along the way. Study participants were asked to look back on their careers as social work educators and recount a life-changing event (for themselves and/or their students). The stories they told were diverse, amazing, and heartfelt. Events are presented in the following categories: lessons learned from students; life’s lessons outside the classroom; coming out as a gay person; the great realization; serendipity; a strengths perspective story; saving a marriage; discovering that a social work major is not the best fit for all students; and a spectacular going-away party.
I’ve Got a Golden Ticket
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

This chapter looks at courageous decisions that left a lasting impact on the careers of the study participants. They were asked to look back on their careers and tell a story of making a decision or taking an action that was “worth its weight in gold.” Responses were divided into the following categories: making the transition from practitioner to academician; obtaining a doctoral degree; the decision to pursue or not to pursue a leadership role; avoiding a rush to judgment; finding the strength to make tough decisions; realizing that all that glitters is not gold; and writing as a healing process.
Any Do-Overs?
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

Study participants were asked to reflect on any regrets they may have had during their career. Specifically, they were asked to recall an action or decision that, given the opportunity, they would like to do over. They were also asked to talk about how they would change the course of events if they could. More so than any other interview question, this question about “do-overs” gave participants the greatest pause. Among the responses were empathy shortage, dropping the ball, making hiring mistakes, spending too much time at work, bringing home dirty laundry, working in a toxic environment, and being bullied by a student. The author includes a story of how he was hoodwinked by flattery.
The Affective Turn
Authors: Bezzant Rhys S.
Published: July 2019

This chapter describes and evaluates the actual practices adopted by Edwards in his mentoring ministry. First, shifts in understanding authority in the eighteenth century are expounded, followed by an investigation of the nature of friendship and conversation in Edwards’s world. His dynamic conception of individuals in social contexts provides a base from which to explore mentoring. His own pedagogical assumptions as a modern thinker are outlined, which find their expression in the ways that Edwards conducted his personal correspondence in a familiar manner. Edwards’s ordination sermons of the late 1740s are evidence of his aspirations for mentees and of his frustration that the revivals had not been as effective as he had hoped.
Nonexistence and Death
Authors: Yourgrau Palle
Published: July 2019

Since, as most philosophers of death agree, death implies nonexistence (the corpse is not the dead person, who is essentially a living being), it follows that the mystery of death is due in no small part to the paradox of nonexistence. Failing to recognize this, philosophers of death have failed to engage with the literature on the logic of nonexistence, and thus have failed to appreciate Russell’s 1902 distinction between existence and being in relation to the ontology of death. By contrast, it is maintained here that the dead are nonexistent objects that have forfeited their existence, but not their being. More generally, one of the principal goals of this study is to draw attention to the fact that the left hand of philosophy has ignored what the right hand is doing. The mysteries of death and nonexistence, which should have been approached together, have been kept apart.
The Cloud or the Raindrops?
Authors: Yourgrau Palle
Published: July 2019

The birth and death of a person constitute (existential) changes in that individual. This idea is challenged, however, by Thomas Aquinas—supported by Peter Geach—who believes that no change can involve the very existence of the subject of that change. It is argued, however, that Aquinas’s position is indefensible, since it involves denying that before Socrates existed, it was a fact that he didn’t exist. Another challenge, however, arises from the thesis of C. S. Peirce—supported by A. N. Prior—that before Socrates was born, there was not even the possibility of his existence, since possibility is always general, individuality arising only from existence itself. An argument is presented, however, that Peirce’s thesis cannot be accepted. More generally, attention is drawn to the importance of the commonsense notion of individuals.
Taking Possible Worlds Seriously
Authors: Yourgrau Palle
Published: July 2019

The discussion so far has been employing the notion of possible worlds, popularized via the semantics of modal logic. How seriously, however, should possible worlds be taken? David Lewis held them to be genuine, concrete worlds, no less real than ours, the actual world, whereas Robert Stalnaker and Saul Kripke take them to be, rather, abstract entities, properties of the actual world—the only real world—which it might possibly possess. I agree with Lewis that possible worlds are no less real than the actual world, but I also agree with Stalnaker that only our world actually exists. I affirm that merely possible worlds, though they lack existence, possess being. I develop the notion of possible worlds, in which possible individuals exist, but also point to unsolved problems, such as how to account for the contingency of the actuality of the actual world.
Fellow Travelers
Authors: Yourgrau Palle
Published: July 2019

A synoptic account of the ontology of death developed in the book is offered, according to which the dead (and the unborn) are seen to be nonexistent objects that possess being but lack existence, and that retain their essential natures as living beings that are now no longer actually alive. This approach has points of contact with the approaches offered by several other philosophers, only one of whom, however, is engaged in the philosophy of death, which helps to confirm the thesis that philosophers of death have failed to take into account the insights achieved in other branches of philosophy. The approach taken by each of these “fellow travelers”—Niall Connolly, Timothy Williamson, Nathan Salmon, Kit Fine, David Kaplan, Derek Parfit—is considered, in turn, and the places where there is agreement, and also disagreement, with the views advanced in this study are delineated.
Beyond Metaphysics
Authors: Yourgrau Palle
Published: July 2019

It is pointed out that some important issues in ethics, for example, abortion, contraception, and questions about future populations, require a rational metaphysical foundation, whereas, all too often, philosophers working in the field of ethics have based their accounts on shaky metaphysical premises in which no consideration is made of the unborn and the dead, whose reality has been too quickly dismissed. Some examples of this fact are offered, including the curious example of Derek Parfit, who has argued both for and against taking into consideration, in one’s ethical deliberations, possible persons who might or might not exist, depending on the decisions we make. The study concludes with an examination the role one’s attitude to death plays in the good life by looking at the example of how Socrates famously approached the prospect of his own death.
“My other mother”
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya
Published: July 2019

This chapter looks at one of the most iconic forms of loss—that of families separated across the borders. Stories of separated families can be found in almost every literary and cinematic representation of partition, most often as an example of powerlessness in the face of wider events over which one has no control. This chapter identifies a powerful radical potential in the emotional connections that survivors experience with people, places and objects – connections that extend beyond, and are sometimes more powerful than, their relationships with their family. Identifying this potential is particularly important in the way one conceptualizes the long shadow that partition and the separation of families has cast over private and public life in south Asia, and the ways in which people try (or refuse to try) to find and reconcile with missing family members.
“This eight-year-old, he’s too little”
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya
Published: July 2019

This chapter focuses on the construction of childhood in stories of partition. A surprisingly large proportion of the cultural production of partition takes the form of the coming-of-age narrative, so that partition is presented through the child’s gaze. Here, the child’s view is often used to reinforce particular adult political positions through which the child can be socialized into accepting these positions as desirable and natural. As a result the body of narrative becomes a contested space for adult and childhood control. This dynamic is mirrored in the oral history testimony, which is also contested between the child who experienced the event, and the adult who remembers it. Children’s insistence on their ability to understand the situation, the ability to mourn losses on their own terms, and the reinforcing of particular childhood losses as equally important to the apparently more important adult losses becomes a key aspect through which childhood narrators are able to exert control over their experiences and memories.
Getting By Together
Authors: Hagen Trever
Published: July 2019

I conclude by considering music’s situated power in cultural and social transformation. I argue that resistance concerns how one resists aesthetics and how this builds one’s immunity to those things that they perceive as unhealthy. As the Underground case suggests, an interdisciplinary approach to studying the social and the musical is essential. Indeed, how we come to define the social is called into question when we “reassemble” it to consider people, objects, and materials acting together. This chapter examines “togetherness,” that is not only about people being together; rather, it is about people, timbres, cassette tapes, backbeats, establishments, photographs, places, transmitters, long hair, legacies, regimes, police, poetry, histories that are ecologically assembled (or rejected) to (re)form a habitable, healthy space where one can live. The chapter reflects on the case of the Underground and how its lessons in building a counterculture via music are valuable for any situation of dis-ease.
Pastoral Aesthetics
Authors: Carlin Nathan
Published: July 2019

It is often said that bioethics as a field began in theology during the 1960s but that it became secular during subsequent decades, yielding to other disciplines and professions such as philosophy and law, because it was felt that a neutral language was needed to provide a common ground for guiding clinical practice and research protocols. This common ground was provided by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in their The Principles of Biomedical Ethics—an approach that became known as principlist bioethics. Pastoral Aesthetics recovers a role for religion in bioethics by providing a new perspective rooted in pastoral theology. Nathan Carlin argues that pastoral theologians can enrich moral imagination in bioethics by cultivating an aesthetic sensibility that is theologically-informed, psychologically-sophisticated, therapeutically-oriented, and experientially-grounded. To achieve these ends, Carlin employs Paul Tillich’s method of correlation by positioning four principles of bioethics with four images of pastoral care. In so doing, he draws on a range of sources, including painting, fiction, memoir, poetry, journalism, cultural studies, clinical journals, classic cases in bioethics, and original pastoral care conversations. The result is a form of interdisciplinary inquiry that will be of special interest to bioethicists, theologians, and chaplains.
Principlist Bioethics and Pastoral Theology
Authors: Carlin Nathan
Published: July 2019

This chapter begins with a discussion of principlism, focusing on its limits, thereby providing an opening for pastoral theology to contribute to bioethics. It then discusses several definitions of pastoral theology, giving special attention to various ways theology and psychology may be related in pastoral theology. A specific vision of pastoral theology is offered (Robert Dykstra’s view of pastoral theology as aesthetic imagination) as well as a means of positioning bioethics and pastoral theology (Paul Tillich’s method of correlation, informed by art theory). The discussion focuses on the theories of pastoral theologian Donald Capps and art theorist Rudolf Arnheim. The chapter closes with a discussion of images and ethics.
Respect for Autonomy and the Living Human Document
Authors: Carlin Nathan
Published: July 2019

The focus of this chapter is on respect for autonomy. Part one begins by providing an overview of the principle and then reviews a classic case in bioethics (the case of Karen Ann Quinlan). Part two moves to a discussion of Anton Boisen’s pastoral image of the living human document. The essential feature of this image is that it provides a theological rationale for studying human experience. In part three, respect for autonomy is correlated with the living human document by focusing on the novel A Monster Calls, using Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams to interpret a key scene from the story. The central claim of this chapter is that a pastoral perspective on respect for autonomy can shift the focus away from respecting choices to appreciating individuals and that this shift facilitates the potential to improve caregiving.
Nonmaleficence and the Circus Clown
Authors: Carlin Nathan
Published: July 2019

The focus of this chapter is on nonmaleficence. Part one begins by providing an overview of the principle and then reviews a classic case in bioethics on abortion to illustrate how the principle is often understood. The discussion also draws on poetry to intimate that moral issues beyond decision-making are relevant to abortion. Part two offers a discussion of Heije Faber’s pastoral image of the circus clown to set the stage for opening up another way of looking at nonmaleficence. The essential feature of Faber’s image for the purposes of this chapter is that it provides a theological rationale for appreciating humor in the hospital. In part three, the author correlates nonmaleficence and the circus clown by using an essay by Sigmund Freud on humor to interpret select passages from scenes from two pathographies. The chapter argues that a pastoral perspective on nonmaleficence can help to mitigate harm stemming from idolatry.
Epilogue
Authors: Carlin Nathan
Published: July 2019

This chapter offers a reflection on Van Gogh’s Ward in the Hospital in Arles, painted in 1889, noting that religion in the painting is significant but subtle. Likewise, the chapter argues, as in Ward in the Hospital in Arles, religion should play a significant but subtle role in bioethics. The author uses the painting to advocate for a particular method rather than specific content. That is, the book’s conclusions are less important than the process itself. Also, it emphasizes perspectives more than principles, aesthetics more than ethics. The chapter summarizes the author’s particular approach as well as the book’s central claims, with a nod to the role of pluralism and spirituality in modern-day bioethics.
Singing and Survival
Authors: Bendrups Dan
Published: July 2019

This chapter describes traditional Rapanui music as passed down from precontact times and preserved by Rapanui culture bearers in the 1870s. It draws on two main sources of information: descriptions provided by early explorers and ethnologists on the one hand, and knowledge collected through participant observation fieldwork on the other. The chapter describes the contexts for musical performances in precontact Rapa Nui, as well as the instruments, dances, adornments, and other items associated with performance. It then describes the musical characteristics and social function of precontact Rapanui songs and chants, with explanations of the various styles and categories that have been applied to Rapanui songs over time.
Chilean Culture
Authors: Bendrups Dan
Published: July 2019

This chapter provides a discussion of Chile’s interactions with Rapa Nui before, during, and after the island’s annexation, and the impact of these interactions in Rapanui music culture. It considers both the effect of Chilean cultural imports on Rapanui musical practices and the ways in which Chile has acted as a conduit to influences from a broader pan-American cultural context. The chapter explains the role of Chilean folklore in inspiring a local ensemble (or conjunto) performance style that centers on the guitar. It also describes the emergence of Tapati Rapa Nui, the island’s annual cultural festival, which was originally inspired by Chilean “spring queen” festivals.
Polynesian Pathways
Authors: Bendrups Dan
Published: July 2019

This chapter considers interactions between the Rapanui and other Polynesians, and the impact of these interactions on Rapanui music. The relationship to Polynesia, especially Tahiti and, more recently, New Zealand and Hawaii, is central to contemporary Rapanui constructions of identity and provides a counterpoint to prevailing cultural influence from Chile. This has been manifested in musical choices, including the adoption and adaptation of particular elements of pan-Pacific performance practice. However, as this chapter reveals, the influence is long-standing, dating back to the 1860s, when the arrival of missionaries, together with their Polynesian assistants, enabled a physical and cultural link to French Polynesia.
High School Woodwinds and Brass
Authors: Goodrich Andrew
Published: July 2019

When rehearsing the high school jazz ensemble, it is important to guide high school students toward becoming musicians who can make independent musical decisions. Doing so will ultimately make the jazz ensemble experience more enjoyable for both the students and the director. This chapter provides the jazz ensemble director with musical exercises, teaching strategies, and a discussion of the roles of each section within the jazz ensemble. The musical exercises and teaching strategies will assist directors with enhancing the listening skills of their students. Exercises include how to teach, improve, and maintain intonation, groove, balance, blend, and articulations. Strategies include teaching students to understand how to listen to themselves, within their respective sections, and to other sections in the ensemble—including how to interact with and connect to the rhythm section.
Jazz Saxophone
Authors: Titlebaum Mike
Published: July 2019

The saxophone is the most iconic instrument in jazz. Ask random people which instrument comes to mind when they think of jazz music, and it would surely be the saxophone. Saxophones play throughout charts and are required to navigate a variety of textures and roles, including beautiful unison melodies, technical harmonized solis, chordal comping, and slow-moving background chords, as well as to fill out the body of the band during full ensemble tuttis. This chapter introduces techniques and articulations specific to jazz saxophone style. Jazz-specific techniques such as subtone, tongue stopping, and half-tonguing are presented alongside teaching strategies and exercises. Other techniques discussed include methods of decorating or personalizing notes with scoops, fall offs, and terminal vibrato. Jazz saxophone pedagogical materials are presented in addition to a listening list of great historical saxophonists. The chapter concludes with a debate on the merits of mouthpieces, reeds, and saxophones marketed as jazz-specific items.
Chick Corea
Authors: Waters Keith
Published: July 2019

Chick Corea’s prolific compositional career began in the 1960s, even if he likely went on to greater acclaim in the 1970s with compositions such as “La Fiesta” and “Crystal Silence.” “Windows” (Inner Space) uses ascending perfect fifth progressions as a large-scale harmonic frame for the composition, although harmonic substitutions expand that frame, and the skeletal melody (often appearing on metrical downbeats) creates longer underlying lines. A comparison of the recording with Corea’s copyright deposit shows a degree of evolution in the composition, particularly through harmonic inversions and stepwise bass motion. “Inner Space” (Inner Space) uses a melodic major third axis progression (in the introduction and later in the composition), but particular harmonic substitutions suggest a second-order grammar in which the progressions do not shadow the melodic axis. As with many Corea compositions from the 1960s, a centrifugal harmonic progression closes with an expanded harmonic turnaround to return to the m. 1 harmony. Three versions of “Song of the Wind” (Complete “Is” Sessions, Joe Farrell Quartet, Piano Improvisations vol. 1) illustrate Corea’s move to a more complex harmonic language, using polychords and expanded pedal points. Despite stark differences between the more progressive harmonic language of “Song of the Wind” and his earlier “Windows,” a comparison of the melodic designs of both jazz waltzes indicates some overall structural similarities.
Introduction
Authors: Mikkola Mari
Published: July 2019

The chapter provides an introduction to the book. It offers some initial motivation for thinking why philosophical pornography debates are (and should be) theoretically and socially of significance, and how they are still in many ways unresolved. The chapter also outlines the topics to be covered and discussed in the book more generally. In addition, the chapter provides an overview of past feminist philosophical work on pornography that undergirds more contemporary philosophical debates on the topic. Finally, the chapter sketches out the book’s methodology, aims, and structure as well as discussing some caveats and restrictions in the topics chosen for discussion.
What Is Pornography Revisited
Authors: Mikkola Mari
Published: July 2019

Many debates considered in earlier chapters of this book pertain to two general issues: What is pornography? What does pornography do (if anything)? A large bulk of the responses discussed so far advanced from speech act theoretical considerations. This chapter takes up these pressing and as of yet unsettled questions from a social ontological perspective. The chapter aims to sketch out promising alternative ways philosophically to discuss pornography that do not hinge on speech act theory. The chapter first considers what pornography apparently does with social ontological tools. Then it considers some alternative ways to understand what pornography is that diverge from speech act theoretical elucidations. The chapter (and the book) concludes with some final methodological remarks when examining the topic of pornography philosophically.
Passion and Retirement
Authors: Houlfort Nathalie , Lauzier Julie , Bourdeau Sarah
Published: July 2019

This chapter reviews theories and perspectives, such as role theory, the life course perspective, and the resource perspective, pertaining to retirement and how passion for work relates to the main theoretical background used to study retirement. An extensive review of the research that has examined the role of passion for work in retirees’ psychological adjustment is presented. Results show that harmonious passion for work is positively associated with retirees’ psychological adjustment, whereas the opposite if found for obsessive passion. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research in this important area as well as with practical implications aimed at organizations, workers and retirees to facilitate a smoother life transition and to experience a more fulfilling retirement.