bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Pantograph Active Control Strategy for High-Speed Railways
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Yuting , Chen Xiaoqiang , Wang Yixuan , Chang Zhanning
Published: September 2024

The pantograph–catenary system (PCS) is essential for trains to obtain electrical energy. As the train’s operating speed increases, the vibration between the pantograph and the catenary intensifies, reducing the quality of the current collection. Active control may significantly reduce the vibration of the PCS, effectively lower the cost of line retrofitting, and enhance the quality of the current collection. This article proposes an improved deep deterministic policy gradient (IDDPG) for the pantograph active control problem, which delays updating the Actor and Target–Actor networks and adopts a reconstructed experience replay mechanism. The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) environment module was first established by creating a PCS coupling model. On this basis, the controller’s DRL module is precisely designed using the IDDPG strategy. Ultimately, the control strategy is integrated with the PCS for training, and the controller’s performance is validated on the PCS. Simulation experiments show that the improved strategy significantly reduces the training time, enhances the steady-state performance of the agent during later training stages, and effectively reduces the standard deviation of the pantograph–catenary contact force (PCCF) by an average of over 51.44%, effectively improving the quality of current collection.
HRA-YOLO: An Effective Detection Model for Underwater Fish
Authors: Wang Hongru , Zhang Jingtao , Cheng Hu
Published: September 2024

In intelligent fisheries, accurate fish detection is essential to monitor underwater ecosystems. By utilizing underwater cameras and computer vision technologies to detect fish distribution, timely feedback can be provided to staff, enabling effective fishery management. This paper proposes a lightweight underwater fish detection algorithm based on YOLOv8s, named HRA-YOLO, to meet the demand for a high-precision and lightweight object detection algorithm. Firstly, the lightweight network High-Performance GPU Net (HGNetV2) is used to substitute the backbone network of the YOLOv8s model to lower the computational cost and reduce the size of the model. Second, to enhance the capability of extracting fish feature information and reducing missed detections, we design a residual attention (RA) module, which is formulated by embedding the efficient multiscale attention (EMA) mechanism at the end of the Dilation-Wise Residual (DWR) module. Then, we adopt the RA module to replace the bottleneck of the YOLOv8s model to increase detection precision. Taking universality into account, we establish an underwater fish dataset for our subsequent experiments by collecting data in various waters. Comprehensive experiments are carried out on the self-constructed fish dataset. The results on the self-constructed dataset demonstrate that the precision of the HRA-YOLO model improved to 93.1%, surpassing the original YOLOv8s model, while the computational complexity was reduced by 19% (5.4 GFLOPs), and the model size was decreased by 25.3% (5.7 MB). And compared to other state-of-the-art detection models, the overall performance of our model shows its superiority. We also perform experiments on other datasets to verify the adaptability of our model. The experimental results on the Fish Market dataset indicate that our model has better overall performance than the original model and has good generality.
Design of an Internal Asynchronous 11-Bit SAR ADC for Biomedical Wearable Application
Authors: Shiue Muh-Tian , Lo Yu-Fan , Jung Chih-Yao
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a fully differential asynchronous successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) designed for biomedical signal processing. By extending the tracking time and utilizing fully differential inputs in the analog front-end circuit, the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced in the system. Using an asynchronous clock can reduce power consumption across a wider range of sampling frequencies. In comparison to conventional architecture in high-speed SAR ADC, using an internal clock generator can operate at lower frequencies. A fully differential input can eliminate the DC offset of the analog front-end circuit and reduce the adverse effects of process variation, voltage variation, and temperature variation. The chip is implemented by TSMC 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and the chip area is 0.680 mm2 (including ESD I/O PAD). At a 1.2 V supply, the maximum sampling rate is 10 Kilo Samples per second (KSps). The implemented ADC has an 11-bit resolution, while the input voltage range is 300∼900 mV. The total power consumption is 1.7 μW, with the core power consumption at 932 nW.
Optimal Realization of Distributed Arithmetic-Based MAC Adaptive FIR Filter Architecture Incorporating Radix-4 and Radix-8 Computation
Authors: James Britto Pari , Leung Man-Fai , Vaithiyanathan Dhandapani , Mariammal Karuthapandian
Published: September 2024

Finite impulse response (FIR) filters are explicitly used in decisive applications such as communication and signal processing areas. Advancement in the latest technologies necessitates specific designs with optimal characteristics. This research work proposes the realization of an efficient distributed arithmetic adaptive FIR filter (DAAFA) architecture using radix-4 and radix-8 computation. Distributed arithmetic (DA) is extensively used to calculate the sum of products without involving a multiplier. The proposed fixed-point realization of a single multiply and accumulate (MAC) FIR adaptive filter is implemented with minimum complex design. The total longest-way computation time is a combination of the delay that occurred in the error calculation module and the delay involved in updating the filter weights. The longest-way computation time of the filter structure is higher, which results in increased latency. In addition, the approximate design of the radix DA multiplier structure is constructed using Booth recoding, partial product formation block and shifting-based accumulation block. Further, the approximate design of DA offers a reduction in complexity and area with respect to the number of slices and enhances the operating speed. The partial product is created using shifters and efficient adders, which further enhances the performance of the realization. This work is implemented in Xilinx and Altera devices and is compared with the present literature. From the synthesis results, it is observed that the propounded design outperforms in terms of complexity, slice delay product and ultimate speed of exertion. The suggested architecture was found to be decisive in terms of area, delay and complexity abatement. The results indicate that the propounded design achieves area reduction (slices) of about 92.03% compared to the existing design. Also, a speed enhancement of about 90.7% is accomplished for the proposed architecture. Nonetheless, the devised architecture utilizes the least means square approach, which enhances the convergence rate notably.
Dynamic Attitude Inertial Measurement Method for Typical Regions of Deck Deformation
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xia Xiuwei , Wang Tianyu , Gao Wei
Published: September 2024

Due to the deformation of ships, it becomes difficult to ensure the accuracy of attitude measurement in typical areas on the deck, which seriously impacts the safety and operational efficiency of shipborne equipment. To address this issue, this paper presents a parameter identification method for dynamic deformation models based on angle increment differences and introduces the related vector machine (RVM) algorithm for online estimation of dynamic deformation model parameters. In view of the truncation error and non-Gaussian noise of the model, this article proposes a dynamic attitude measurement method based on model predictive filtering (MPF), constructs a dynamic measurement model using Rodrigues parameters in an inertial frame, and designs a maximum correlation entropy (MCE) robust filter to achieve robust estimation of deck dynamic deformation. The performance of the method is verified through simulation analysis and shipborne experiments. The comparative results indicate that, compared with existing methods, the proposed improved deck dynamic attitude measurement algorithm based on model prediction (IDAM) can substantially enhance the accuracy of attitude measurement in the presence of deck dynamic deformations.
Management of Wadden Sea Salt Marshes in the Context of Nature Conservation, Coastal Flooding and Erosion Risks: A Review
Authors: Eden Angela , Thorenz Frank
Published: September 2024

Salt marshes in the southern North Sea are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Wadden Sea, the largest unbroken system of intertidal sand and mud flats in the world. They provide a very high nature value while significantly contributing to coastal flood and erosion risk management as a nature-based element of flood and erosion risk management systems for densely populated coastal areas. Climate change-induced sea-level rise is a significant concern: an integrated approach to salt marsh management adapted to the effects of climate change necessitates an understanding of the impact of different management strategies. This review commences with a description of the biogeomorphological conditions and processes in salt marshes for a better understanding of the natural dynamics and how they are influenced by management and climate change. Next, the impact of salt marshes on hydrodynamic processes and their role as nature-based elements of flood and erosion risk management is presented; management options and implementation methods are discussed and analysed concerning coastal flood management and nature conservation requirements. In conclusion, targeted salt marsh management needs to consider the initial conditions and the development aims of the specific site are integrated into a conceptual framework. Salt marshes have the potential to adapt to sea-level rise, thereby contributing to the long-term protection of coastal areas.
Comparison of Three Indoor Viewing Models and On-Site Experiences to Assess Visual Landscape Perception in Urban Forests
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Diao Xiuli , Zhang Zhe , Wang Jin , Lu Zijing , Wang Yu , Mu Yanxia , Lin Wenyue
Published: September 2024

Contacting forests in different ways and conducting public perception evaluations of forests are important ways to evaluate forest construction. In order to explore the differences between on-site and manual post-collection indoor evaluations in forest landscape surveys, we combined subjective evaluation and objective indicator monitoring (eye movement characteristics, physiological indicators) based on different forest observation scales. We compared and analyzed the suitability of the following four visual approaches: on-site observation, manual collection, followed by indoor viewing normal photos (NP), videos (VD), and virtual reality panoramas (VR), in terms of public preference, perception, and psychological emotion. The results showed the following: (1) Compared with the on-site evaluation, the three indoor visual approaches (NP, VD, and VR) showed no significant difference in “landscape beauty” and “spatial perception”. VD also showed no significant difference in “landscape perception”, “seeing”, and “plant color preference” and had the strongest substitution for site evaluation. (2) With the exception of small-scale landscapes, in which on-site evaluation showed no substitutability, for the rest of the landscape scales, each of the three indoor visual approaches showed substitutability for on-site evaluation to varying degrees. (3) When conducting physiological and psychological surveys, watching videos and VR are more ideal. In terms of eye tracking, VR is closest to on-site observation. Practice shows that video was closer to on-site observation in most landscape preferences and perceptions. VR was suitable for presenting public visual behavioral characteristics, and NP showed some advantages in landscape beauty and spatial perceptions. The findings of the study can provide a scientific basis for the selection of visual approaches in future landscape evaluation.
Satellite Assessment of Forest Health in Drought Conditions: A Novel Approach Combining Defoliation and Discolouration
Authors: Bucha Tomáš , Pavlenda Pavel , Konôpka Bohdan , Tomaštík Julián , Chudá Juliána , Surový Peter
Published: September 2024

During the summer of 2022, heat waves exacerbated drought conditions across Europe, significantly deteriorating Slovakia’s forest health (FH). The main symptoms were defoliation and discolouration (mainly browning). According to the literature, completely brown leaves/needles are considered defoliation, and premature yellowing halts assimilation and reduces production. Thus, evaluating FH based solely on defoliation may underestimate the impact severity. To address this issue, we proposed a formula that integrates both defoliation and discolouration metrics. Then, by linking terrestrial and satellite data (a mosaic from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 9), regression models were developed using two-phase sampling to estimate defoliation, discolouration, and their combination. In the first phase, the Gram–Schmidt transformation of four satellite mosaic bands was used to derive two orthogonal components: one optimized for FH estimation (NSC2) and one for eliminating the influence of species composition on FH classification (NSC1). In the second phase, ground data were collected for the construction of a regression and to improve the first-phase results. The NSC2 component showed a strong correlation with defoliation, discolouration, and their combination. The standard error of the estimate was ±9.7% and the R2 was 0.83 for the combined symptoms, which enabled a detailed assessment of the intensity of forest damage. Our method is independent of tree species and has potential in FH assessments of temperate forests in Europe.
Optimizing the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds (Polyphenols, Lipids, and Alpha-Tocopherol) from Almond Okara to Unlock Its Potential as Functional Food
Authors: Taha Mariam , Dimitrov Krasimir , Samaillie Jennifer , Caux Benjamin , Sahpaz Sevser , Blanchemain Nicolas , West Caroline , Rivière Céline
Published: September 2024

Almond okara, a by-product of almond milk production, is rich in bioactive components, such as polyphenols, lipids, and alpha-tocopherol, making it a valuable functional food ingredient. This work aimed to investigate its composition while exploring two main aspects: (i) the impact of extraction time, solid-to-solvent ratio, ethanol concentration, and temperature on polyphenol recovery, and (ii) the quantification of okara’s triglycerides (TG) and alpha-tocopherol contents. The polyphenols’ optimal extraction conditions were 90 min, a 1:30 solid-to-solvent ratio (w/v), 50% ethanol, and 60 °C. These conditions achieved a total polyphenol yield of 523 mg GAE, tannin yield of 340 mg GAE, total flavonoid yield of 548 mg CE, and a total antioxidant capacity of 779 mg AAE per 100 g dry okara. The Peleg model effectively described the extraction kinetics. Additionally, TG levels, quantified by UHE/LPSFC-APCI-MS, in okara were comparable to those in almonds, and alpha-tocopherol levels, quantified by LC-UV, were 14,400 µg/100 g in almonds and 15,600 µg/100 g in okara. These findings highlight the potential of okara as a valuable resource, with a straightforward, scalable, and cost-effective solid-liquid extraction (SLE) method for polyphenols and a supercritical fluid extraction method for TG, for use in the functional food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries.
EjWRKY6 Is Involved in the ABA-Induced Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Loquat Fruit during Ripening
Authors: Yu Yan , Bao Zeyang , Zhou Qihang , Wu Wei , Chen Wei , Yang Zhenfeng , Wang Li , Li Xuewen , Cao Shifeng , Shi Liyu
Published: September 2024

The yellow-fleshed loquat is abundant in carotenoids, which determine the fruit’s color, provide vitamin A, and offer anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer health benefits. In this research, the impact of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, on carotenoid metabolism and flesh pigmentation in ripening loquat fruits was determined. Results revealed that ABA treatment enhanced the overall content of carotenoids in loquat fruit, including major components like β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene, linked to the upregulation of most genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, a transcription factor, EjWRKY6, whose expression was induced by ABA, was identified and was thought to play a role in ABA-induced carotenoid acceleration. Transient overexpression of EjWRKY6 in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable genetic transformation in Nicotiana tabacum with EjWRKY6 indicated that both carotenoid production and genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis could be upregulated in transgenic plants. A dual-luciferase assay proposed a probable transcriptional control between EjWRKY6 and promoters of genes associated with carotenoid production. To sum up, pre-harvest ABA application could lead to carotenoid biosynthesis in loquat fruit through the EjWRKY6-induced carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.
Exploring Food Insecurity and Perceived Stress on Daytime Sleepiness among Older Adults in New York City
Authors: Brown Collette , Orazem John , Harrison Elgloria
Published: September 2024

The growing population of older adults in the U.S. is experiencing increased food insecurity and stress, which are associated with nocturnal sleep quality and consequently excessive daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and perceived stress on daytime sleepiness in older adults aged 60 and older living in New York City. This cross-sectional, quantitative study utilized the US Household Food Security Survey Module six-item questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Sleepiness Total to collect data. Participants completed an online survey via Qualtrics. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between demographic variables and food insecurity, perceived stress, and daytime sleepiness outcomes. Three hundred seventy-eight (378) older adults participated in this study. Food insecurity was associated with age (p = 0.045), education (p = 0.022), and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001). On average, participants with a BMI of over 30 had an increased daytime sleepiness total relative to a BMI < 25 (p = 0.029), and those with two to three health conditions and those with more than four health conditions had higher daytime sleepiness totals relative to those with zero to one condition (p = 0.007 and 0.007, respectively). Participants who had moderate and high stress, regardless of food security status, had higher daytime sleepiness totals than those with low stress (food secure; p = 0.002; food insecure; p < 0.001). Multifaceted interventions are needed to alleviate food insecurity, manage stress, and reduce excessive daytime sleepiness among older adults.
Effect of Mono- and Polysaccharide on the Structure and Property of Soy Protein Isolate during Maillard Reaction
Authors: Wen Kun , Zhang Qiyun , Xie Jing , Xue Bin , Li Xiaohui , Bian Xiaojun , Sun Tao
Published: September 2024

As a protein extracted from soybeans, soy protein isolate (SPI) may undergo the Maillard reaction (MR) with co-existing saccharides during the processing of soy-containing foods, potentially altering its structural and functional properties. This work aimed to investigate the effect of mono- and polysaccharides on the structure and functional properties of SPI during MR. The study found that compared to oat β-glucan, the reaction rate between SPI and D-galactose was faster, leading to a higher degree of glycosylation in the SPI–galactose conjugate. D-galactose and oat β-glucan showed different influences on the secondary structure of SPI and the microenvironment of its hydrophobic amino acids. These structural variations subsequently impact a variety of the properties of the SPI conjugates. The SPI–galactose conjugate exhibited superior solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and viscosity. Meanwhile, the SPI–galactose conjugate possessed better emulsifying stability, capability to produce foam, and stability of foam than the SPI–β-glucan conjugate. Interestingly, the SPI–β-glucan conjugate, despite its lower viscosity, showed stronger hypoglycemic activity, potentially due to the inherent activity of oat β-glucan. The SPI–galactose conjugate exhibited superior antioxidant properties due to its higher content of hydroxyl groups on its molecules. These results showed that the type of saccharides had significant influences on the SPI during MR.
The Addition of Glutamine Enhances the Quality of Huangjiu by Modifying the Assembly and Metabolic Activities of Microorganisms during the Fermentation Process
Authors: Jiang Jiajia , Fang Guanyu , Wu Changling , Wang Peng , Zhang Yongzhu , Zhang Cheng , Wu Fenghua , Shan Zhichu , Liu Qingru , Liu Xingquan
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effects of adding glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartate (Asp), and asparagine (Asn) on the flavor formation of Huangjiu were investigated, and the effect of Gln concentration on the quality, microbial community structure, and flavor development of Huangjiu was further explored. Varied Gln concentrations influenced yeast growth, sugar utilization, microbial communities, and quality attributes. Additional Gln promoted yeast cell counts and sugar depletion. It increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks and reduced the impact of stochastic processes on assembly. Correlation analysis linked microorganisms to flavor compounds. Isolation experiments verified the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus chevalieri, Bacillus altitudinis, and Lactobacillus coryniformis in flavor production under Gln conditions. This research elucidated the microbiological mechanisms by which amino acid supplementation, especially Gln, enhances Huangjiu quality by modulating microbial metabolic functions and community dynamics during fermentation. This research is significant for guiding the production of Huangjiu and enhancing its quality.
Tea’s Characteristic Components Eliminate Acrylamide in the Maillard Model System
Authors: Ye Zhihao , Xu Haojie , Xie Yingying , Peng Ziqi , Li Hongfang , Hou Ruyan , Cai Huimei , Song Wei , Peng Chuanyi , Li Daxiang
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of various characteristic components of tea—theaflavins, catechins, thearubigins, theasinensins, theanine, catechin (C), catechin gallate (CG), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin (GC), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG)—on acrylamide formation. The results revealed that most of tea’s characteristic components could significantly eliminate acrylamide, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: GC (55.73%) > EC (46.31%) > theaflavins (44.91%) > CG (40.73%) > thearubigins (37.36%) > ECG (37.03%) > EGCG (27.37%) > theabrownine (22.54%) > GCG (16.21%) > catechins (10.14%) > C (7.48%). Synergistic elimination effects were observed with thearubigins + EC + GC + CG, thearubigins + EC + CG, thearubigins + EC + GC, theaflavins + GC + CG, and thearubigins + theaflavins, with the reduction rates being 73.99%, 72.67%, 67.62%, 71.03%, and 65.74%, respectively. Tea’s components reduced the numbers of persistent free radicals to prevent acrylamide formation in the model system. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of low-acrylamide foods and the application of tea resources in the food industry.
Cow’s Milk Bioactive Molecules in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Human and Animal Studies
Authors: Yuzbashian Emad , Berg Emily , de Campos Zani Stepheny C. , Chan Catherine B.
Published: September 2024

Obesity disrupts glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic diseases. Consumption of cow’s milk and other dairy products may influence glucose metabolism. Within the complex matrix of cow’s milk, various carbohydrates, lipids, and peptides act as bioactive molecules to alter human metabolism. Here, we summarize data from human studies and rodent experiments illustrating how these bioactive molecules regulate insulin and glucose homeostasis, supplemented with in vitro studies of the mechanisms behind their effects. Bioactive carbohydrates, including lactose, galactose, and oligosaccharides, generally reduce hyperglycemia, possibly by preventing gut microbiota dysbiosis. Milk-derived lipids of the milk fat globular membrane improve activation of insulin signaling pathways in animal trials but seem to have little impact on glycemia in human studies. However, other lipids produced by ruminants, including polar lipids, odd-chain, trans-, and branched-chain fatty acids, produce neutral or contradictory effects on glucose metabolism. Bioactive peptides derived from whey and casein may exert their effects both directly through their insulinotropic effects or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition and indirectly by the regulation of incretin hormones. Overall, the results bolster many observational studies in humans and suggest that cow’s milk intake reduces the risk of, and can perhaps be used in treating, metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms of action for most bioactive compounds in milk are still largely undiscovered.
Biogenic Origin of Fe-Mn Crusts from Hydrothermal Fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Puy de Folles Volcano Region
Authors: Sergienko Elena S. , Tarakhovskaya Elena R. , Rodinkov Oleg V. , Yanson Svetlana Yu. , Pankin Dmitrii V. , Kozlov Valery S. , Gareev Kamil G. , Bugrov Alexander N. , Kharitonskii Petr V.
Published: September 2024

Ferromanganese formations are widespread in the Earth’s aquatic environment. Of all the mechanisms of their formation, the biogenic one is the most debatable. Here, we studied the Fe-Mn crusts of hydrothermal fields near the underwater volcano Puy de Folles (rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The chemical and mineralogical composition (optical and electron microscopy with EDX, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS)) and the magnetic properties (static and resonance methods, including at cryogenic temperatures) of the samples of Fe-Mn crusts were investigated. In the IR absorption spectra, based on hydrogen bond stretching vibrations, it was concluded that there were compounds with aliphatic (alkane) groups as well as compounds with double bonds (possibly with a benzene ring). The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of alkanes, alkenes, hopanes, and steranes. Magnetically, the material is highly coercive; the blocking temperatures are 3 and 13 K. The main carriers of magnetism are ultrafine particles and X-ray amorphous matter. The analysis of experimental data allows us to conclude that the studied ferromanganese crusts, namely in their ferruginous phase, were formed as a result of induced biomineralization with the participation of iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria.
A Horticultural Gem Unveiled: Curcuma peninsularis sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from Peninsular Thailand, Previously Misidentified as Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp
Authors: Saensouk Piyaporn , Saensouk Surapon , Maknoi Charun , Setyawan Ahmad Dwi , Boonma Thawatphong
Published: September 2024

The genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) is highly diverse and often exhibits similar morphological appearances, leading to frequent misidentifications that impact botanical practices, horticultural activities, and conservation efforts. This study addresses the taxonomic confusion surrounding the plant locally known as “Ploy Thaksin”, which was previously misidentified as Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp. To resolve this issue, we conducted a detailed morphological analysis and reviewed the protologues descriptions of its ally species, focusing on anther characteristics and other key features. Our findings reveal that “Ploy Thaksin” actually represents two distinct species: one correctly identified as C. aurantiaca found in lower Peninsular Thailand (Satun and Trang Provinces), and another species, characterized by calcarate anthers found in upper Peninsular Thailand which resemble C. sumatrana Miq., C. nepalensis M.Sabu, Kasaju, and S.Subedi, described here as a new species under the name “C. peninsularis Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi, and Boonma” along with the details of a description, illustration, map of distribution, vernacular name, ecology, phenology, utilization, and economic value, including the proposal of a conservation status. This study clarifies previous misidentifications and underscores the importance of precise taxonomic practices for the accurate classification and conservation of Curcuma species. The results provide valuable insights for future research and horticultural applications, enhancing the understanding of Curcuma biodiversity.
Evaluation of Canopy Growth in Rainfed Olive Hedgerows Using UAV-LiDAR
Authors: Cantón-Martínez Susana , Mesas-Carrascosa Francisco Javier , Rosa Raúl de la , López-Granados Francisca , León Lorenzo , Pérez-Porras Fernando , Páez Francisco C. , Torres-Sánchez Jorge
Published: September 2024

Hedgerow cultivation systems have revolutionized olive growing in recent years because of the mechanization of harvesting. Initially applied under irrigated conditions, its use has now extended to rainfed cultivation. However, there is limited information on the behavior of olive cultivars in hedgerow growing systems under rainfed conditions, which is a crucial issue in the context of climate change. To fill this knowledge gap, a rainfed cultivar trial was planted in 2020 in Southern Spain to compare ‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbosana’, ‘Koroneiki’, and ‘Sikitita’, under such growing conditions. One of the most important traits in low-water environments is the canopy growth. Because traditional canopy measurements are costly in terms of time and effort, the use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor onboard an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) was tested. Statistical analyses of data collected in November 2022 and January 2023 revealed high correlations between UAV-LiDAR metrics and field measurements for height, projected area, and crown volume, based on validation with measurements from 36 trees. These results provide a solid basis for future research and practical applications in rainfed olive growing, while highlighting the potential of UAV-LiDAR technology to characterize tree canopy structure efficiently.
Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using the Endurant™ Endograft
Authors: Nana Petroula , Volakakis George , Spanos Konstantinos , Kouvelos George , Bareka Metaxia , Arnaoutoglou Eleni , Giannoukas Athanasios , Matsagkas Miltiadis
Published: September 2024

Background: Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) represents a valid treatment modality for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs). This study aimed to present rAAA outcomes treated by EVAR using the Endurant endograft. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with standard EVAR (sEVAR) or parallel graft (PG)-EVAR for infra- or juxta/para-renal rAAA using the Endurant endograft (1 January 2008–31 December 2023) was undertaken. The primary outcomes were technical success, mortality, and reintervention. Follow-up outcomes, including survival and freedom from reintervention, were assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Results: Eighty-eight patients were included (87.5% sEVAR and 12.5% PG-EVAR). The mean aneurysm diameter was 73.3 ± 19.3 mm (71.4 ± 22.2 mm sEVAR and 81.7 ± 33.0 mm PG-EVAR). Among 77 patients receiving sEVAR, 26 (33.8%) received an aorto-uni-iliac device. All PG-EVAR patients were managed with bifurcated devices, one receiving a single PG, seven double PGS, and three triple PGs. Technical success was 98.8% (100.0% sEVAR and 90.9% PG-EVAR). The 30-day mortality was 47.2% (50.7% sEVAR and 27.3% PG-EVAR), with nine (10.2%) deaths recorded on the table. The mean time of follow-up was 13 ± 9 months. After excluding 30-day deaths, the estimated survival was 75.5% (standard error (SE) 6.9%) at 24 months. The estimated freedom from reintervention was 89.7% (SE 5.7%) at 24 months. Only one endoleak type Ia event was recorded during follow-up. Conclusions: Endurant showed high technical success rates and low rates of endoleak type Ia events and reinterventions, despite the emergent setting of repair. rAAA is still a highly fatal condition within 30 days, with an acceptable mid-term survival of 30-day survivors at 75.5%.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Satisfaction in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: Differences between Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants; Results from the Multicentre REGUEIFA Registry
Authors: Cabanas-Grandío Pilar , González-Melchor Laila , Caamaño María Vázquez , Windcheid Emiliano Fernández-Obanza , Babarro Eva González , Bobín Olga Durán , Portela Miriam Piñeiro , Delgado Oscar Prada , Teja Juliana Elices , Feijoo Mario Gutiérrez , Freire Evaristo , Castro Oscar Díaz , García Javier Muñiz , García-Seara Javier , González-Juanatey Carlos
Published: September 2024

Background: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is pivotal in the clinical management of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) prevent thromboembolic events, but information about the quality of life (QoL) and patient satisfaction in relation with the anticoagulant treatment is limited. Methods: REGUEIFA is a prospective, observational, and multicentre study that included patients with AF treated by cardiologists. We included patients treated with VKAs or DOACs. The EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire evaluated QoL, and the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) questionnaire investigated patient satisfaction with OAC. Results: A total of 904 patients were included (532 on VKA and 372 on DOACs). A total of 846 patients completed the EQ-5D questionnaire, with results significantly worse in patients on VKAs than on DOACs: more mobility limitations (37.6% vs. 24.2%, p < 0.001), more restriction in usual activities (24.7% vs. 18.3%, p = 0.026), more pain/discomfort (31.8% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.015), a lower visual analogue scale (VAS) score (66.4 ± 16.21 vs. 70.8 ± 15.6), and a lower EQ-D5 index (0.79 ± 0.21 vs. 0.85 ± 0.2, p < 0.001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, VKA treatment was not an independent factor towards worse EQ-5D results. Also, 738 patients completed the ACTS questionnaire, and burden and profit scores were lower in patients on VKAs than for DOACs (52.1 ± 8.4 vs. 55.5 ± 6.8, p < 0.001 and 11.1 ± 2.4 vs. 11.8 ± 2.6, p < 0.001, respectively). The negative impact score was higher for VKAs than for DOACs (1.8 ± 1.02 vs. 1.6 ± 0.99, p < 0.001), with a general positive impact score lower for VKAs than for DOACs (3.6 ± 0.96 vs. 3.8 ± 1.02, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients on VKA have more comorbidity and worse EQ-5D and VAS scores than those on DOACs. VKA has a greater burden and higher negative impact on the patient’s life than DOACs.
Advances in Modern Microsurgery
Authors: Thamm Oliver C. , Eschborn Johannes , Schäfer Ruth C. , Schmidt Jeremias
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Microsurgery employs techniques requiring optical magnification and specialized instruments to operate on small anatomical structures, including small vessels. These methods are integral to plastic surgery, enabling procedures such as free tissue transfer, nerve reconstruction, replantation, and lymphatic surgery. This paper explores the historical development, advancements, and current applications of microsurgery in plastic surgery. Methods: The databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science were selectively searched with the term “(((microsurgery) OR (advances)) OR (robotic)) OR (AI)) AND (((lymphatic surgery) OR (peripheral nerve surgery)) OR (allotransplantation))” and manually checked for relevance. Additionally, a supplementary search among the references of all publications included was performed. Articles were included that were published in English or German up to June 2024. Results: Modern microsurgical techniques have revolutionized plastic surgery, enabling precise tissue transfers, improved nerve reconstruction, and effective lymphedema treatments. The evolution of robotic-assisted surgery, with systems like da Vinci and MUSA, has enhanced precision and reduced operative times. Innovations in imaging, such as magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography and near-infrared fluorescence, have significantly improved surgical planning and outcomes. Conclusions: The continuous advancements in microsurgery, including supermicrosurgical techniques and robotic assistance, have significantly enhanced the capabilities and outcomes of plastic surgery. Future developments in AI and robotics promise further improvements in precision and efficiency, while new imaging modalities and surgical techniques expand the scope and success of microsurgical interventions.
The Paradox of Palliative Care at the End of Life: Higher Rates of Aggressive Interventions in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zidong , Gokul Kaushik , Hinyard Leslie J. , Subramaniam Divya S.
Published: September 2024

Background: Palliative care has shown benefit in patients with cancer; however, little is known about the overall utilization of palliative care services in patients with pancreatic cancer and the impact of aggressive end-of-life interventions. This study aimed to explore the incidence of palliative care consultations (PCCs) in hospitalized patients with pancreatic cancer in the United States and the association between palliative care consultations and the use of aggressive interventions at the end of life. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients hospitalized with pancreatic cancer. We examined patient records for 6 months prior to death for the presence of PCCs and aggressive end-of-life (EOL) interventions—emergency department visits, chemotherapy, and ICU stays. The use of EOL interventions was compared between those who did and those who did not receive PCCs, using Chi-square and Whitney U tests. Results: Of the 2883 identified patients, 858 had evidence of a PCC in their record in the last 6 months of life. Patients receiving PCCs were older at the time of death and more likely to receive chemotherapy (22.4% vs. 10.6%) in the last 6 months of life compared to those not receiving a palliative care consult. Similarly, patients with PCCs were more likely to have aggressive interventions in the EOL period. Conclusions: Less than 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer received a PCC. Those who received a PCC had more aggressive interventions in the end-of-life period, differing from what the prior literature has shown. Future investigations are necessary to explore the components and timing of PC and investigate their influence on the utilization of aggressive interventions and patient-centered outcomes.
The Small Step Early Intervention Program for Infants at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Research Design Study
Authors: Elvrum Ann-Kristin G. , Kårstad Silja Berg , Hansen Gry , Bjørkøy Ingrid Randby , Lydersen Stian , Grunewaldt Kristine Hermansen , Eliasson Ann-Christin
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Early interventions for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) are recommended, but limited evidence exists. Our objective was, therefore, to evaluate the effects of the family-centered and interprofessional Small Step early intervention program on motor development in infants at high risk of CP (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03264339). Methods: A single-subject research design was employed to investigate participant characteristics (motor dysfunction severity measured using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at three months of corrected age (3mCA) related to intervention response. The repeated measures Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 fine and gross motor composite (PDMS2-FMC and -GMC) and Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) were analyzed visually by cumulative line graphs, while the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) was plotted against reference percentiles for various Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. Results: All infants (n = 12) received the Small Step program, and eight completed all five training steps. At two years of corrected age (2yCA), nine children were diagnosed with CP. The children with the lowest HINE < 25 and/or AIMS ≤ 6 at 3mCA (n = 4) showed minor improvements during the program and were classified at GMFCS V 2yCA. Children with HINE = 25–40 (n = 5) improved their fine motor skills during the program, and four children had larger GMFM-66 improvements than expected according to the reference curves but that did not always happen during the mobility training steps. Three children with HINE = 41–50 and AIMS > 7 showed the largest improvements and were not diagnosed with CP 2yCA. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the Small Step program contributed to the children’s motor development, with better results for those with an initial higher HINE (>25). The specificity of training could not be confirmed.
Is There a Strength Deficit of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle in Patients Treated Conservatively or Surgically after Primary or Recurrent Patellar Dislocations? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Biz Carlo , Nicoletti Pietro , Agnoletto Mattia , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Cerchiaro Mariachiara , Belluzzi Elisa , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: September 2024

Background: Patellar dislocation is a knee injury affecting generally young, active individuals, damaging joint ligaments and structures, and impacting sports activity and quality of life. Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the role of the quadriceps femoris muscle in knee extension and to consider whether extensor strength deficits are present in patients who have suffered from a primary or recurrent patellar dislocation and have been treated surgically or conservatively. Methods: This systematic literature review with meta-analysis was performed following the PRISMA Statement criteria. The search engines consulted to select studies were MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science/ISI. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist tools were applied for the quality assessment based on the specific study design. The outcomes were measurements of the knee extension force of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which were objectively quantifiable with an isokinetic or mobile dynamometer. Results: Of the 891 articles initially identified through the databases, 10 studies with a total of 370 patients were included in the analysis. The results indicated a strength deficit of the quadriceps in patients who had undergone a patellar dislocation, in comparison with the control group, when examining the uninvolved limb or in comparison with the pre-operative values. The overall effect size was large, with a value of −0.99. Conclusions: Our review concluded that after a primary or recurrent patellar dislocation, strength deficits of the quadriceps femoris muscle in the knee extension of the affected limb are frequently observed in surgically or conservatively treated patients. This deficit may persist even after a protracted follow-up of up to three years after injury.
The Increased FCRL mRNA Expression in Patients with Graves’ Disease Is Associated with Hyperthyroidism (But Not with Positive Thyroid Antibodies)
Authors: Wojciechowska-Durczynska Katarzyna , Stepniak Jan , Lewinski Andrzej , Karbownik-Lewinska Malgorzata
Published: September 2024

Background: Fc receptor-like (FCRL) genes play a role in the immune system by encoding proteins that function as receptors on the surface of immune cells. The clinical significance of FCRL gene expression in Graves’ Disease (GD) and Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of FCRL 2, 3, 4 mRNA in patients with GD and GO and its role in the development and activity of these diseases. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from patients with GD (n = 24) or GO (n = 49) hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, were collected. Expressions of FCRL2, FCRL3 and FCRL4 were measured by real-time PCR. Results: FCRL3 expression was higher in patients with GD compared to GO (1.375 vs. 0.673, p = 0.004) and, specifically, active GO (1.375 vs. 0.639, p = 0.005). Regarding FCRL4, mRNA expression was higher in GD compared to Control (3.078 vs. 0.916, p = 0.003), GO (3.078 vs. 1.178, p < 0.001), active GO (3.078 vs. 1.186, p = 0.002) and inactive GO (3.078 vs. 1.171, p = 0.008). In turn, FCRL4 mRNA expression was higher in patients with hyperthyroidism (subclinical + overt) than in euthyroid patients (2.509 vs. 0.995, p = 0.001 when the whole group of individuals was considered; 2.509 vs. 1.073, p = 0.004 when GO + GD was considered). Conclusions: The increased FCRL mRNA expression in patients with GD is associated with hyperthyroidism (but not with positive TSHRAbs), and our study is the first one to confirm this relationship.
The Effectiveness of the Surgical Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux on Febrile Urinary Tract Infections after a Kidney Transplant: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Varaschin Andre E. , Gomar Gabriella G. , Rocco Amanda M. , Hokazono Silvia R. , Garlet Quelen I. , Oliveira Cláudia S.
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is considered one of the major causes of post-renal transplant febrile urinary tract infections (UTI), leading to impaired renal function and the premature loss of the renal graft. We aimed to evaluate whether surgical VUR correction, such as open redo ureteric reimplantation, could be an option for treatment and provide better outcomes in post-transplant care for patients with UTI compared to their pre-VUR correction clinical state. Methods: Our study presents a retrospective analysis of 10 kidney transplant recipients with febrile UTI at the Renal Transplant Service of a Brazilian public hospital from 2010 to 2020. We selected patients who primarily underwent a surgical correction of post-transplant VUR, which was corrected by extravesical reimplantation without a stent in all patients by the same professional surgeon. Results: From 710 patients who received kidney transplants, 10 patients (1.4%) suffered from febrile UTI post-transplant and underwent surgical correction for VUR. Despite the study’s limitations, such as its retrospective nature and limited sample size, the efficacy of open extravesical ureteral reimplantation in reducing post-operative febrile UTI in renal transplant patients was observed. Conclusions: As febrile UTI can contribute significantly to patient mortality after kidney transplantation and VUR emerges as a major cause of post-transplant febrile UTI, it is essential to treat it and consider the surgical outcome. This study emphasizes the timely detection and effective treatment of VUR via extravesical techniques to reduce febrile UTI occurrences post-transplant and it contributes insights into the role of surgical interventions in addressing VUR-related complications post-kidney transplantation.