bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perseteruan Voltaire terhadap Islam dan Nabi Muhammad
Authors: Salda Maulana Iban , Rijal Syamsul , HM. Yasin Taslim
Published: June 2022

Islam in Western thought has a very bad brand image and relative image. One western figure named Voltaire included an orientalist who insulted the Prophet Muhammad and the religion of Islam. The study aimed to find out specifically about Voltaire's understanding of the Prophet Muhammad and the religion of Islam, factors that influenced Voltaire in committing insults. The approach of the method chosen in this study is qualitative method, while the data used is sourced from literature review in the form of works written by Voltaire himself and the works of others on the work and thoughts of Voltaire. The results of the study said Voltaire initially hated Islam by mentioning the nascent religion and also called the Prophet Muhammad as a perverted many marrying women, girls and widows. Voltaire's reason for doing so was that he wanted to criticize the church's inappropriate policies through the issue of insulting Islam and the Prophet Muhammad. At the end of his history Voltaire upheld the tolerance of Islam and did not exist in Protestantism that is, Caliph Umar allowed Jews and Christians full freedom of conscience after the conquest of Jerusalem.AbstrakAgama Islam dalam pemikiran Barat mempunyai brand image dan citra relatif yang sangat buruk. Salah satu tokoh Barat yang bernama Voltaire termasuk seorang orientalis yang menghina Nabi Muhammad dan agama Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara khusus tentang pemahaman Voltaire terhadap Nabi Muhammad dan agama Islam dan faktor yang mempengaruhi Voltaire dalam melakukan penghinaan. Pendekatan metode yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Adapun data yang digunakan bersumber dari telaah kepustakaan berupa karya-karya yang ditulis sendiri oleh Voltaire dan karya-karya orang lain terhadap karya dan pemikiran Voltaire. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan Voltaire pada awalnya membenci Islam dengan menyebut agama yang baru lahir dan Nabi Muhammad sebagai seorang yang mesum dan menikah dengan  banyak perempuan, baik gadis maupun janda. Alasan Voltaire berpendapat demikian karena dia ingin mengkritik kebijakan-kebijakan gereja yang tidak sesuai, menurutnya melalui isu menghina Islam dan Nabi Muhammad. Pada akhir hidupnya, Voltaire menjunjung tinggi toleransi yang ada pada agama Islam dan tidak ada pada agama Protestan seperti Khalifah Umar mengizinkan kebebasan dalam pelaksanaan agamanya bagi orang beragama Yahudi dan orang beragama Kristen, hal ini terjadi setelah penaklukkan Yerusalem.
Pengaruh Tradisi Khanduri Toet Apam di Kecamatan Delima, Kabupaten Pidie
Authors: Dihanna Suci , Fajarni Suci
Published: June 2022

Khanduri Apam is a tradition that has been practiced for generations by the community of Pidie Regency. In the ancient times,  this tradition was very Islamic. Over the years, this tradition has changed. This study aims to determine the procession of the khanduri apam tradition and its influence on social, cultural, and religious values in society. The purpose of this study was to explain  the Khanduri Apam tradition in the Delima community, Pidie. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection was carried out from observations, interviews, and relevant literatures. The results showed that the Khanduri Apam  had an influence on the religious life of the community in terms of Khanduri Apam considered as worship, especially when it regarded as sedekah, besides the Khanduri Apam tradition also gave a feeling of happiness to those who carried it out and who received the sedekah. For the Delima community, the Khanduri Apam tradition has been entrenched and carried out for generations by the community, and they set the month of Ra'jab as the month of practising this tradition.  AbstrakKhanduri Apam merupakan salah satu tradisi yang dijalankan secara turun-temurun oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Pidie. Pada zaman dahulu Tradisi Khanduri Apam ini sangat kental dengan Budaya Islami. Seiring perkembangan zaman tradisi ini telah mengalami perubahan dari sisi pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosesi tradisi khanduri apam dan pengaruh dari pelaksanaan tradisi tersebut terhadap kehidupan sosial, agama, dan kebudayaan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tradisi Khanduri Apam dalam masyarakat Delima, Pidie. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan metode kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan mulai dari observasi, wawancara, hingga pengumpulan dokumen yang diperlukan untuk mendukung hasil penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa tradisi Khanduri Apam di Kecamatan Delima Kabupaten Pidie memberikan pengaruh terhadap kehidupan agama masyarakat, yang mana Khanduri Apam akan menjadi nilai ibadah jika diniatkan untuk bersedekah, selain itu tradisi Khanduri Apam juga berpengaruh terhadap kebahagiaan bagi mereka yang melaksanakan teot apam dan yang menerima sedekah apam, mereka yang menerima selain masyarakat umum, anak yatim, fakir maskin dan para tetangga di sekitar rumah. Bagi masyarakat Delima Tradisi Khanduri Apam sudah membudaya dan dilaksanakan secara turun-temurun oleh masyarakat, dan mereka menetapkan bulan Ra’jab sebagai bulan teot apam dan Khanduri Apam.
About some Controversial Stories Related to the Campaign of Chormagan in Iran in Muslim Sources
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Timokhin Dmitry M.
Published: June 2022

Research objectives: The Mongol-Khorezm war of 1219–1221 affected mainly the lands of Khorasan, Transoxiana and modern Afghanistan, while the Iranian territories did not experience the horrors of the invasion, except during the campaign of Subedei and Jebe. As a result, after 1223, the lands of Iran either became part of the state of khorezmshah Jalal al-Din Mankburni, or local ruling elites were formed there. This fact was the main cause of the campaign of Mongol commander Chormagan in the lands of Iran, and then in the south Caucasus. Despite the existing research dealing with Chormagan’s biography and activities, certain narratives related to him in Muslim sources continue to be a matter of debate. This study is devoted to their analysis. Research materials: The author sought to use the entire corpus of Muslim sources, which reflected the biography of Chormagan and the Mongol actions on the territory of Iran and neighboring regions in the 1220s and early 1230s. Special attention is paid to the information from the texts belonging to the genre of “local histories”, much less often used by researchers to solve similar scholarly issues. Research results and novelty: The analysis of information from the Muslim sources in this article allowed, first of all, to cast doubt on some conclusions present in the most famous reconstruction of Chormagan’s biography, written by Timothy May. They are related to the date of the beginning of the Chormagan’s campaign, which ended with the subjugation of the Iranian lands and led to the Mongol invasion of the South Caucasus. In addition, taking into account the data provided in this article, it should be noted that the reconstruction of the route taken by the Mongol detachments also requires a significant revision. Finally, it should be recognized that some military formations of the conquerors operated in various regions of modern Iran before and simultaneously with the beginning of the Chormagan’s campaign.
“Shu’ab-i Panjganah” as a Historical Source on the Genea­logies of the Chingisids
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Sabitov Zhaxylyk M.
Published: June 2022

Research objectives: To analyze “Shu’ab-i Panjganah” as a historical source for the genealogies of the Chingisids. Research materials: Medieval manuscript in the Persian language “Shu’ab-i Panjganah”. The manuscript author is Fazlullah ibn Abulkhair Ali Hamadani Rashid al-Din. The article presents the author’s opinion of all the advantages and disadvantages of the translation of “Shu’ab-i Panjganah”. Results and novelty of the research: “Shu’ab-i Panjganah” is a work of Rashid al-Din, published in 2019. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, this manuscript was in the library of Sultan Qasim of Astrakhan (grandson of Akhmat). There are two versions how this manuscript appeared in Astrakhan. According to the first version (by A. Z. V. Togan), the manuscript was a gift from Muhammad Sheybani to another Astrakhan sultan Qasim (Akhmat’s nephew). According to the second version (by Ch.I. Khamidova) the manuscript appeared in the Golden Horde in the fourteenth century during the campaign of Janibek Khan in Iran. According to the third version (by Zh.M. Sabitov), proposed in this article, the manuscript came to Astrakhan from Herat in the last two decades of the fifteenth century. The children of Akhmat, khan of the Golden Horde, were nephews of Timurid Hussein Baykara (he was the brother of their mother) and for some time they lived in Herat, where they could get a copy of this manuscript. When copying, the scribe made a certain number of minor errors, which is clearly seen when comparing the names of the ancestors, relatives and descendants of Chingis Khan, as well as the Chinghisid emirs with similar names from Jami al-tawarikh and Muizz al Ansab. It is also noted that, without entering into scientific circulation the critical list of Muizz al Ansab on the basis of all five lists, it is not possible to analyze all errors and unique information from “Shu’ab-i Panjganah”.
Interregional Scientific Conference “Readings of Saif Sarai – 2022” (Samara Region, Kamyshla, May 17, 2022)
Authors:   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Giniyatullina Lyutsiya S.
Published: June 2022

On June 15, 2021, within the framework of the Year of Native Languages and Natio­nal Unity in the Republic of Tatarstan, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences hosted the International Scientific Conference “Medieval Written Heritage of the Tatars” (towards the 700th anniversary of the birth of Saif Sarai). The conference was attended by representatives of various scientific centers: Research Center for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) at the Organization for Islamic Cooperation, Republican Institute of Higher Education of Belarus, State Historical Museum, Nazarbayev University, University of Wisconsin, Russian Academy of Sciences, G. Ibra­gimov Institute of Language, Literature and Arts of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, and others. The conference covered the following topics: current issues of studying the legacy of Saif Sarai, the reflection of Tatar history in written sources, issues of studying the language of written monuments, literary traditions of medieval Tatars, popularization of the Tatar written heritage, etc. Following the International Scientific Conference, it was decided to continue scientific research and activities related to the work of the medieval Tatar poet Saif Sarai.
DEPENDENT POPULATION OF THE INDIGENOUS OSSETIAN PEOPLE OF NORTH OSSETIA AND ITS LEGAL STATUS IN THE 18TH-19TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Горский государственный аграрный университет, Владикавказ, РСО-Алания, Россия, Валерий Дударович Дзидзоев
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the dependent population of the Ossetian people in the 18th – 19th centuries and their relationship with the feudal lords of North Ossetia, who entered the historiography of the Caucasus under the name of the Aldars among the Ossetians-Ironians, and the badeliat among the Ossetians-Digorians. They were equated with the Russian nobles and various researchers of the XVIII – XIX centuries. They called them, then elders, then feudal lords, then princes. But, in essence, they formed into a feudal class and, according to customary Ossetian law, had all the privileges over subject peasants who were exploited. In turn, the subject peasants were divided into several categories: among the Ossetians, the Irons were divided into farsaglagi (standing sideways), kavdasards (born in a barn, whose father was a feudal lord, and whose mother was a concubine), kusagi (workers), slaves. Among the Ossetians-Digors, subject peasants were divided into: adamikhats (a breed of people), kumayags (a person from Kuma, i.e. born from a feudal lord and a concubine), kosags (workers) and slaves.
RESOCIALIZATION OF THOSE RELEASED FROM PRISON: FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Сергей Анатольевич Алтухов ,   Ростовский институт (филиал) Всероссийского государственного университета юстиции, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: June 2022

. Based on the existing legal mechanisms and practice of providing social, legal and other assistance to persons released from prison, the article examines the problematic aspects of the institute of resocialization in the context of changes in the criminal and penal policy of Russia, substantiates ways and means of solving these problems taking into account advanced domestic and foreign experience.
CIVIL SOCIETY CONCEPT AND EXPERIENCE OF ITS ADAPTATION TO RUSSIAN CONDITIONS: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS
Authors:   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Дмитрий Александрович Леньков
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the conceptual models of civil society of the Western European classical tradition (M-models, L-models) and the experience of their adaptation in post-Soviet Russia based on diffusion technologies of socio-humanitarian innovations (imitation and imitation type of innovations). It shows their inadequacy and the possibility of transition to authentic innovations in this area, developing an institutional (R-models and compositional models) and an active (civil participation, civic activity) base of civil society in modern Russia.
INNOVATIVE TRACKS OF REPRESENTATION OF SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE INTERACTION OF NATIONAL INCLUSIVITY AND GLOBAL DYNAMICS
Authors:   Ростовский государственный экономический университет (РИНХ), Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Александр Михайлович Старостин
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes new approaches to assessing scientific and technological development from the standpoint of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the Field of Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation." The methodological platform of analysis was chosen as the scientific work of M.K. Petrov, an outstanding domestic science scientist and philosopher, considered in the context of three main models – tracks of representation of science: parametric, organic, emergent
POLITICAL SCIENCE ANALYSIS OF MODELS OF NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS IN THE MODERN WORLD
Authors:   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Татьяна Павловна Черкасова
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the study of models of national innovation systems using an interdisciplinary approach based on political science analysis. The structure of the NIS, the main economic, political and technological factors of its formation in modern states are considered in detail. The essential content of the models known to science has been studied, as well as a comparative analysis of the strategic content of the NIS varieties has been carried out. On the basis of systematized data on current political, economic and social processes of modernity, an attempt is made to apply a constructive analysis of the determining importance of various trajectories and models of innovative development for the domestic political situation and in the context of global rivalry of modern states. At the end of the study, three fundamental actionsprocesses necessary for building an NIS are given, and it is also concluded that for effective innovative development, the national state should be interested in maintaining a high level of democracy in society.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR AS PART OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Владимир Андреевич Жуков , Наталия Валериевна Баблоян ,   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Андрей Михайлович Лилюхин ,   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Людмила Петровна Вардомацкая ,   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: June 2022

This article examines the essence of addictive behavior as a social one. The definition is given, the classification of social behavior is considered. The boundaries of addictive behavior are described, as well as its features are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the study of social behavior within the framework of sociological science in correlation with other sciences.
DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATIONS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Южный федеральный университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Байрта Сергеевна Бадмаева
Published: June 2022

The article examines the issue of the development of business model innovations in the context of digitalization of the economy. The author emphasizes that nowadays the importance of business model innovations exceeds the interest of researchers and practitioners in product and process innovations. For a more comprehensive research on the issue, the article reveals the concept of a «business model», provides various directions for its conceptualization. As part of the business model innovation research, the author highlights various approaches to interpretation of business model innovation and draws attention to it in the context of inter-organizational interactions. In this regard, the author notes the current trend associated with the transformation of modern business models towards business ecosystems. At the same time, it has been noted that despite the positive aspects of introducing innovations in the business model, this process is associated with the problem of firms’ organizational inertia.
ATTITUDE TO BUSINESS HERITAGE IN ENTREPRENEURIAL FAMILIES
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет, Томск, Россия, Илья Александрович Демешкин
Published: June 2022

The article is based on the results of sociological research by the method of questioning and interviews. The study examines the inheritance practices of a family business in the domestic environment, highlights the positive and negative factors that are taken into account by the heirs when deciding whether to receive family assets for management. We come to the conclusion that the practice of business inheritance in the Russian Federation is in its infancy, which is caused by the relative novelty of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, which began to spread widely in the country in the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR.
Poetry & Science: Intransitive Writing Of Denis Roche and John Ashbery
Authors: Belavina Ekaterina M.
Published: June 2022

The poetry of the 20th century has become a real linguistic laboratory. The transition from traditional (national) systems of versification to free verse and, what is especially important, to international free verse, which can be translated faster and with less distortion, made it possible to reduce the time gap in the reception of American authors in France and French authors in the USA. John Ashbury, a prominent representative of the New York School, who lived in France for about 10 years, Denis Roche and Marcelin Pleine — members of the editorial board of the avant-garde magazine Tel Quel, the theorist of intransitive writing R. Barthes were active participants in the transatlantic dialogue of poets in the middle of the 20th century. The texts of John Ashbery and Denis Roche are an international vers libre created according to the principle of intransitive writing. R. Barth, also participating in the French-American dialogue, analyses the peculiarities of writing of the period in question in his paper “To write is an intransitive verb” (1966). A poem is understood as a rhythmic inoculation of lived experience, which has a transformative power for the writer and the reader.
Understanding Aesthetic Radicalism: Alexander Blok and Wallace Stevens
Authors: Venediktova Tatiana D.
Published: June 2022

Aesthetic radicalism characteristic of the modernist literary culture is explored in the work of Alexander Blok (1880 –1921) and Wallace Stevens (1879 –1955). Poetic imagination, Stevens wrote, is “always at the end of the era” — the two poets shared a sense of writing from a hiatus between no longer and not yet. Both were fascinated, however distantly, by radical ideologies of their time, particularly the power to produce and propagate heroic myth. Heroic visionaries are defined by the “warlike attitude” (R.W. Emerson), the oppositional stance that causes an enhancement and a reduction of imagination. The image of modern heroics in Blok’s and Stevens’ poetry is associated metaphorically with the energizing and deadening effect of the cold. In such poems as “The Twelve,” “The Snow man” and other the breakthrough to “absolute” reality is imagined as a result of the violent self-abstraction from all settled contexts and all subjective values. It is fraught with risk and associated, by Block, with the ability to hear the music of being through the noises of the time or, by Stevens, with the directness of seeing “things as they are.” Trust in the possibility of such a breakthrough, accompanied by the understanding of its utter impossibility is a characteristic paradox of the culture of modernism. It is most vividly observed as we compare the creative strategies of the two poets, however distant they are culturally.
“Beholding the Lamb of God”: Jupiter Hammon, the First America’s Black Christian Poet
Authors: Panova Olga Yu.
Published: June 2022

The role of Christianity as a factor that exerted a decisive influence over African American social and cultural history, is being debated time and again in the course of African American studies. The ambivalent attitude of the 18th –19th century Christian preachers and missionaries to slavery, egalitarian tendencies that combined with the idea of humility and resignation, led to contradictions and controversy in the evaluation of the role Christianity played in Afroamerica. The case of Jupiter Hammon (1711 –1806?), a preacher and the first Black Christian poet in America, illustrates the emergence of the basic topoi in the pre-war Blackamerican literary tradition: conversion to Christianity and literacy (enculturation) as two essential conditions for the acknowledgement of Black humanity and ability to integrate into the New World civilization. Jupiter Hammon refused to struggle against slavery; paradoxically, however, his work is an inherent part of both African American religious and cultural history and the New England Christian thought, that engendered Abolitionism and its most famous book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life among the Lowly (1852), based on the concept of the “religious genius” of the African and the “Black redemption” of the greatest American vice, slavery.
“The American Poet is Always a Seeker after God, but He does not Always Find God”: George Sylvester Viereck’s Lecture “America as a Land of Poets” (1911)
Authors: Molodiakov Vasilii E.
Published: June 2022

The beginning of the American Poetic Renaissance is considered to be 1912: the Imagists, Poetry magazine, the new generation of poets — Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Edna St. Vincent Millay, etc. This phenomenon keeps attracting a lot of attention of literary critics, meanwhile the previous two decades of American poetry fell out of sight of both readers and scholars. However it would be wrong to assume that there were no noteworthy poets and poems in America after Whitman’s death and before the debuts of Pound and Eliot. How did the American poets themselves evaluate “the current moment”? George Viereck’s lecture “America as a Land of Poets” delivered in 1911 at the University of Berlin can give an idea. George Sylvester Viereck (1884–1962), an outstanding poet, critic and editor, speaking of the “undiscovered, esoteric America, where religion and poetry dwell,” divided American poets into four groups. In the first one there are Whitman's heirs, nativists and democrats, singers of labor and comradeship, like Horace Traubel and Edwin Markham. Next, there are heirs of Poe, aristocrats and esthetes, masters of style, like George Santayana and William Vaughn Moody. The third group unites heirs of Longfellow, traditional and conservative authors, like Henry Van Dyke and Richard Watson Gilder. Finally, there are “lyrical rebels,” combining the legacy of Poe and Whitman and that of Swinburne and Baudelaire. Vireck included himself and the majority of young poets from the anthology The Younger Choir (1910) to the fourth group. This paper includes the full Russian translation of the lecture in Viereck’s English presentation.
Language-Centered Poetry in the USA and in Russia: Trajectories of Interaction
Authors: Feshchenko Vladimir V.
Published: June 2022

To date, it becomes obvious that “language writing” is one of the largest trends in American literature and poetic thought of the last decades, and among the avant-garde trends, it is probably the most significant, extensive and innovative. American literature has spawned several significant schools and communities over the 20th century, from Imagists and beatniks to the San Francisco Renaissance and the New York school. Language poetry in this row, on the one hand, is an equally powerful literary movement (in the number of authors, published books, magazines, etc.), but on the other hand it is marked not so much by collectively shared aesthetic principles (as in the case of objectivists or Black Mountain poets), as by the general ideology of poetic work with language as a social institution and an aesthetic medium. The paper analyzes the points of divergencies and convergencies in American and Russian “language-centered writing.” The linguistic concepts of Russian Futurism (“the word as such,” “language breeding,” etc.) and Russian Symbolism (A. Bely’s “poetry of language”) have made their way — through the theory of Russian Formalism — to the theories of American language poets of the 1970s. The study looks more closely into how this cultural transfer exactly happened. Apart from that, this study juxtaposes the language-related concepts in the theory and practice of Russian Conceptualists and Metarealists, on the one hand, and the conceptual writing of American language poetry. These literary movements, as this paper claims, are part of the general linguistic turn which manifested itself in poetic theory and experiment in several phases over the 20th century.
Coverage of Midline Back Wounds with Perforator-Based Pedicled Fasciocutaneous Flaps
Authors: Jung Sung Won , Choi Joo Heon , Na Woong Gyu , Wee Sung Jae
Published: June 2022

Background: The number of patients with midline back wounds is increasing. Midline back wounds may cause skin and soft tissue defects, resulting in cavity formation and bone or orthopedic metallic hardware exposure. These complexities complicate coverage of the wounds. This study aimed to determine whether a perforator-based pedicled (island) flap was useful for the coverage of midline back wounds.Methods: After debridement of the wound, flaps were designed, dissected and inset into the midline wounds. The donor site was closed primarily. If the wound was too large to be covered with a unilateral flap, another flap at the contralateral site was used. Immediate and early postoperative position changes were made.Results: Between May 2011 and November 2019, 13 patients with skin and soft tissue defects of the midline back underwent coverage with perforator-based pedicled fasciocutaneous flaps. All flaps survived. Though flap tip necrosis and/or wound dehiscence occurred in five patients, total flap necrosis was not observed. Immediate postoperative position change was possible, allowing the patient to avoid flap ischemia.Conclusion: The perforator-based pedicled fasciocutaneous flap can be a useful option for covering midline back wounds with skin and soft tissue defects.
Successful Perforator-Based Island Flap Placement Using the Push Technique
Authors: Ko Geonil , Lee Seokui , Kim Sunje , Song Seung Han , Oh Sang-Ha , Ha Yooseok
Published: June 2022

Background: Several surgical options are available for covering soft tissue defects. Perforator-based flaps can be utilized without skeletonization of the perforator, and surgery is usually straightforward, albeit with limited arcs of rotation. To overcome this limitation, we present our experience of the push technique, whereby the flap is manually pushed to release soft tissue attachments, allowing circumvention of the meticulous dissection required to enhance arc rotation. This technique allows faster flap elevation with minimal complications.Methods: The records of 37 patients that underwent perforator-based flap surgery using the push technique from September 2020 to June 2021 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed.Results: All 38 flaps survived completely though one flap developed congestion resulting in partial necrosis and revision. Mean operation time was less than 80 minutes. No dehiscence or recurrence was encountered at any donor or recipient site during follow-up.Conclusion: We present the “push technique” used during perforator-based flap surgery. This method allows for efficient, minimal, and rapid flap elevation without meticulous dissection and helps the operator determine which parts of soft tissue attachments require further release. The push technique can be performed safely and easily without jeopardizing flap survival due to venous ischemic or congestive change. It serves as a good practice model for inexperienced surgeons wishing to cover moderate-to large-sized defects.
Penetration Injury Caused by a Wooden Chopstick That Led to Masticator Space Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Oh Hyun Myung , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong
Published: June 2022

Penetrating injuries of the face are commonly observed in the emergency room (ER). It is difficult to identify foreign substances in the face when the wound opening is small with insufficient operative field exposure. Furthermore, wood is not easily detected on computed tomography (CT), performed as the first assessment for facial trauma. A 47-year-old woman visited the ER with a 0.5-cm open wound in the left temporal area. She stated that the wound was caused by a wooden chopstick, which had already been removed. No other specific findings were observed on frontal plane skull radiographs; the patient was discharged after primary closure. Approximately 14 days later, she revisited the ER complaining of extensive swelling and erythema in the left cheek. Enhanced facial CT revealed an extensive abscess in the left masticator space. Incision and drainage were performed in the extraoral and intraoral regions; however, no improvement was observed. Follow-up ultrasonography revealed a foreign body in the left cheek. Under general anesthesia, exploration was performed under the temporalis plane; several wooden chopstick pieces amounting to a total length of almost 11 cm were found and removed. It is important to identify foreign bodies in wounds caused by wooden chopsticks using various imaging studies.
A Safe and Aseptic Method of Benzalkonium Chloride Dilution for Preoperative Facial Skin and Mucosa Preparation
Authors: Shin Se Ho , Kim Ki Hyun , Woo Sang Seok , Lee Ju Ho , Kim Seong Hwan , Choi Jai Koo , Suh In Suck
Published: June 2022

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is widely used as an effective antiseptic and disinfectant not only in plastic surgery, but also in everyday life. BAC has an advantage over other antiseptics used for preoperative skin preparation, such as povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine because it causes less irritation of the skin and mucosa and is less toxic. Nonetheless, when BAC is used at higher than desired concentrations, there is a possibility of adverse effects.Methods: Prior to May 2020, 10 mL of 10% BAC was mixed with 1,000 mL of distilled water and diluted to 0.1% on a weekly basis. Afterwards, the method of diluting BAC was modified; for each patient, 1.3 mL of 10% BAC and 100 mL of normal saline were mixed immediately before facial surgery.Results: From March 2007 to May 2020, 0.1% BAC was used for preoperative skin and mucosa preparation. Erroneous dilution of BAC has caused four cases of chemical burns. All the cases were attributed to human error that resulted in higher than desired concentrations of BAC in the antiseptic solution. All the affected patients suffered from first-degree and superficial second-degree chemical burns; however, they were healed uneventfully through proper wound management. Since the application of the dilution method changed since May 2020, no complications have been reported.Conclusion: We have devised a safe and aseptic method for diluting BAC. The new dilution method, which yields a constant concentration of BAC, can be used for preoperative skin and mucosa preparation without accidents.
Pelabelan Harmonis pada Graf Sehati
Authors: Atmadja K
Published: June 2022

Graf dapat ditulis  atau dapat ditulis . Graf  terdiri dari himpunan tak kosong simpul  dan himpunan sisi   Banyak simpul sebagai notasi  Notasi  sebagai banyak sisi. Pelabelan harmonis memenuhi syarat . Pelabelan Harmonis dari sebuah graf merupakan fungsi injektif  dari himpunan simpul ke himpunan bilangan bulat modulo  yang membangkitkan fungsi bijektif  dari himpunan sisi  ke himpunan bilangan bulat modulo  dengan yang menghasilkan label sisi berbeda. Apabila graf  dapat dilabel harmonis, maka graf  termasuk Graf Harmonis. Metodologi penelitian ini diawali dengan mengambil graf harmonis, yaitu graf tangga segitiga  sebagai kelas graf terhubung dan sederhana yang memuat bulatan segitiga. Penelitian dimulai pada  graf yang terdiri atas bulatan segitiga yang digeneralisasi, lalu dimodifikasi  seperti bentuk hati. lalu, ditambahkan tiga buah sisi sebagai penghubung untuk menghubungkannya kembali. Hasil yang didapat berupa konstruksi graf terhubung, yang berbentuk hati berderet memanjang, dan dinamakan graf sehati. Tujuan yang dicapai adalah menambah koleksi graf harmonis.  Hasil akhir dari kajian penelitian ini adalah menunjukkan bahwa graf sehati merupakan graf harmonis
Pendukung Keputusan Penerima BLT-Dana Desa Menggunakan Metode Weight Product
Authors: Nacong N , Lusiyanti D
Published: June 2022

Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa (BLT-Dana Desa) adalah program bantuan pemerintah berjenis pemberian uang tunai atau beragam bantuan lainnya. Bantuan ini diberikan untuk masyarakat miskin dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi dampak dari pandemik COVID-19. Penyaluran BLT- Dana Desa masih banyak permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan, diantaranya yaitu proses penyaluran masih terlambat, minimnya informasi terhadap penerima bantuan, penerima bantuan tidak tepat sasaran, timbulnya potensi konflik di desa, dan lain sebagainya. 

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merancang Pendukung Keputusan pemberian BLT-Dana Desa mengggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP). Metode WP dipilih karena mampu menyeleksi alternatif terbaik dari sejumlah alternatif dan melakukan proses perangkingan sehingga dapat mempermudah pihak pengambil keputusan dalam menentukan penerima BLT- Dana Desa. Hasil penrelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif ke-12 yang layak menjadi prioritas menerima BLT- Dana Desa dengan nilai vektor sebesar 0,6006
Impacto de la educación formal en el proceso de resocialización de los reclusos en los centros penitenciarios y carcelarios de la ciudad de Valledupar, Cesar
Authors: Ariza Molina Flor Manuela , Padilla González Fredys
Published: June 2022

La educación está plasmada en la Constitución Política de Colombia (1991) en su artículo 67 como “un derecho de la persona y un servicio público que tiene una función social; con ella se busca el acceso al conocimiento, a la ciencia, a la técnica, y a los demás bienes y valores de la cultura”.Por lo anterior, toda persona en Colombia tiene derecho a la educación, peroalgunos no gozan de las mismas oportunidades, como es el caso de los reclusos de las cárceles, que en su mayoría sufrieron discriminación, lo que originó múltiples dificultades en sus vidas como físicas, laborales, educativas y económicas, entre otras, por lo que deciden tomar otros rumbos, que en su mayoría terminan en los centros penitenciarios. El objetivo de este documento es presentar los resultados de la investigación “Pertinencia de la educación formal en los centros penitenciarios y carcelarios en la ciudad de Valledupar”, sobre una muestra de 128 internos en los centros penitenciarios y car-celarios de la ciudad de Valledupar, a los que se les aplicó una encuesta estructurada bajo el modelo Likert para recopilar la información que tienen estos sobre la pertinencia de la educación formal y luego analizar el impacto de la educación formal en el proceso de resocialización de los reclusos en los centros penitenciarios y carcelarios.
Genética conceptos y generalidades básicas
Authors: Forero Acosta Gustavo
Published: June 2022

El presente material es un insumo importante dentro de los documentos orientadores del quehacer académico, pedagógico y didáctico de los estudiantes de un curso básico de genética. Contiene los conceptos, generalidades y aplicaciones de la genética básica en ciencias agropecuarias y se constituye en herramienta pedagógica de estudio de los estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente que toman este curso como básico común en los programas que lo incluyen en su plan de estudios o como curso electivo en los demás programas donde no está contemplado. Este material desarrolla y hace especial énfasis en contenidos del área de la genética básica y el manejo del concepto de genética, célula, ciclo celular, ADN, ARN y gen; asimismo, enuncia y ejemplifica los modelos de genética mendeliana y no mendeliana y nociones básicas de algunos estadísticos empleados en la genética básica. No se enuncian otros temas como mutaciones, aberraciones cromosómicas, ligamiento o mapeo genético ya que estos, según la coherencia interna de oferta de cursos en la Universidad, hacen parte del curso de mejoramiento y allí son desarrollados con bastante profundidad.
Ageing and autism: A 4-year follow-up study of mental health and quality of life in autistic adults
Authors: PhD Amanda Roestorf, , Howlin Patricia , Bowler Dermot M.
Published: June 2022

Background: Poor mental health is known to adversely affect functional
abilities, social isolation and quality of life (QoL). It is, therefore,
crucial to consider the long-term impacts of mental health conditions as
autistic adults grow older. Objectives: To explore, in a group of
community-based autistic adults, the extent of: (i) autistic traits,
co-occurring physical and mental health conditions; (ii) age-related
differences in those conditions, and changes over time; and (iii) their
impact on everyday living and QoL. Method: 68 autistic adults (aged
19-80 years) participated in the first study (T1); 49 participants from
T1 took part in a follow-up at T2 (mean retest interval 2.4 years).
Standardised self-report measures of autistic traits, mental health and
QoL were completed at both time points. Results: Over two-thirds (71%)
of autistic adult participants experienced at least one co-occurring
condition, and over a third (37%) met the criteria for three or more
co-occurring conditions. Mental and physical health difficulties were
related to autistic traits and difficulties in everyday life and were
consistent predictors of poor QoL at T1 and T2. Conclusion: Mental
health difficulties in autism persisted into older age and did not
improve over time. These findings have important implications for mental
health provision for autistic adults in older age.

Pre-print
article
Vapor pressure deficit is not a limiting factor for gas exchange in a mature dryland forest
Authors: Preisler Yakir , Grünzweig José , Ahiman Ori , Oz Itay , Feng Xue , Muller Jonathan , Amer Madi , Ruehr Nadine , Rotenberg Eyal , Birami Benjamin , Yakir Dan
Published: June 2022

Climate change is often associated with increasing vapor pressure
deficit (VPD) and decreasing soil moisture (SM). While atmospheric and
soil drying often co-occurs, their differential effects on plant
functioning and productivity remain uncertain. We aimed to elaborate on
the divergent effects and underlying mechanisms of soil and atmospheric
drought, based on continuous, in situ measurements of branch gas
exchange, with automated chambers, in a mature semiarid Aleppo pine
forest. We investigated the response of control trees exposed to
combined soil-atmosphere drought (low SM, high VPD) during the rainless
Mediterranean summer, and that of trees experimentally unconstrained by
soil dryness (high SM; using supplementary dry season water supply) but
subjected to atmospheric drought (high VPD). During the seasonal dry
period, branch conductance (g ), the rates of
transpiration (E) and net photosynthesis (A )
decreased in low-SM trees but greatly increased in high-SM trees. The
response of E and g to the massive rise in VPD (to a
maximum of 7 kPa) was negative in low-SM trees and positive in high-SM
trees. These observations were consistent with predictions based on a
simple plant hydraulic model showing that plant water potential is a
good predictor of the g and E response to VPD. These
results demonstrate that the release from drought on the supply-side, in
combination with plant hydraulic regulation, eliminates the effect of
atmospheric demand (VPD) as a stressor and on canopy gas exchange in
mature, drought-adapted pine trees.
Trade Interdependencies in COVID-19-Related Essential Medical Goods: Role of Trade Facilitation and Cooperation for the Asian Economies
Authors: Das Sanchita Basu , Sen Rahul
Published: June 2022

This paper analyzes how regional trade agreements (RTAs) among Asian economies affected the supply of essential medical goods in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. International trade is an integral part of accessing essential medical goods for Asian economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the analysis finds that their nature of trade dependence varies. Furthermore, economies that are party to RTAs containing trade facilitation measures can mitigate the adverse impact on trade in essential medical goods. This emphasizes the role of governments in preparing Asian economies to be more resilient to future shocks through participation in RTAs and implementation of trade facilitation measures.
Characterization and Clinical Association of Autoantibodies Against Perilipin 1 in Patients With Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy
Authors: Corvillo Fernando , Abel Brent S. , López-Lera Alberto , Ceccarini Giovanni , Magno Silvia , Santini Ferruccio , Araújo-Vilar David , Brown Rebecca J. , Nozal Pilar , López-Trascasa Margarita
Published: June 2022

Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare condition characterized by massive loss of adipose tissue through the body, causing severe metabolic complications. Autoimmune destruction of adipocytes is strongly suspected based on the frequent association of AGL with autoimmune disorders. In 2018, autoantibodies against perilipin 1 (PLIN1) were identified in three patients with autoimmune-associated AGL. However, the pathogenic mechanism and clinical impact of anti-PLIN1 remain unsolved. The prevalence of anti-PLIN1 autoantibodies in an AGL cohort of 40 patients was 50% (20 of 40). Among positive patients, 10 had the autoimmune variety and 10 had panniculitis-associated AGL. The IgG isotype was predominant, although some IgM antibodies were detected. Epitope-mapping studies did not identify a single, major epitope. Instead, autoantibodies typically bound to several different peptides, among which the central (233–405) domain was detected in all antibody-positive patients, for both IgG and IgM autoantibodies. In-depth epitope mapping indicated that anti-PLIN1 autoantibodies predominantly recognize the αβ-hydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) binding site (383–405). Autoantibodies dose-dependently blocked the binding of PLIN1 to ABHD5 and caused a dislocation of ABHD5 toward the cytosol, leading to an increase in lipolysis and lipase activities. Finally, anti-PLIN1 titers significantly correlated with the amount of fat loss, metabolic control impairment, and severity of liver injury. Our data strongly support that anti-PLIN1 autoantibodies are a diagnostic biomarker and a cause of lipodystrophy in patients with AGL.
Long Noncoding RNA lncRHPL Regulates Hepatic VLDL Secretion by Modulating hnRNPU/BMAL1/MTTP Axis
Authors: SHEN Xuan , ZHANG Yajun , JI Xuetao , LI Bo , WANG Yuzhu , Huang Yun , ZHANG Xu , YU Jingxian , ZOU Ruihan , QIN Dongdong , ZHOU Hongwen , WANG Qian , LI John Zhong
Published: June 2022

Dysregulation of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence have suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) had malfunctioning roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.  However, the function of lncRNAs in controlling hepatic VLDL secretion remains largely unillustrated. Here, we identified a novel long non-coding RNA, lncRHPL, which was liver-enriched, downregulated upon high fat diet feeding, and inhibited by oleic acid treatment in primary hepatocytes. With genetic manipulation in mice and primary hepatocytes, depletion of lncRHPL induces hepatic VLDL secretion accompanied with decreased hepatic lipid contents. Conversely, lncRHPL restoration reduces VLDL secretion with an increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Mechanistic analyses indicate that lncRHPL binds directly to heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein U (hnRNPU), thereby enhances its stability, and that hnRNPU can transcriptional activate Bmal1, leading to inhibition of VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. lncRHPL deficiency accelerates the protein degradation of hnRNPU and suppresses the transcription of Bmal1, which in turn activates VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. Taken together, lncRHPL is a novel suppressor of hepatic VLDL secretion. Activating the lncRHPL/hnRNPU/Bmal1/MTTP axis represent a potential strategy for the maintenance of intrahepatic and plasma lipid homeostasis. 
Die erinnerte Revolution / Mémoire(s) de la Révolution
Authors: Wörsdörfer Anna Isabell
Published: June 2022

Die Französische Revolution repräsentiert das prägende Ereignis im modernen französischen Nationalgedächtnis. Als epochaler Einschnitt mit tiefgreifenden politischen und gesellschaftlichen Umwälzungen stellt sie sich – jenseits der legislativen Umsetzungen einer geistigen Elite – in ihren konkreten Manifestationen auf den Straßen und öffentlichen Plätzen von Paris und in der Provinz als entscheidend von aggressiven physischen Auseinandersetzungen bestimmte Episode in der neueren Geschichte Frankreichs dar. Mit dem von Frühjahr 1793 bis Sommer 1794 andauernden Krisenjahr tritt das Revolutionsgeschehen, nachdem es seit seien Anfängen den Konflikt mit ausländischen Mächten heraufbeschworen hat, in eine neue (Bürger-)Kriegsphase im Inneren ein, insofern als die Grande Terreur die innerfranzösischen Lagerkämpfe mit unzähligen Guillotinierungen auf eine neue Eskalationsstufe hebt. Die alltäglich gewordenen Gewaltexzesse haben Spuren im kollektiven Gedächtnis Frankreichs hinterlassen. Solche Spuren konkretisieren sich einerseits noch in der Revolutionszeit selbst. Andererseits stellt die Französische Revolution gerade auch in erneuten Krisenzeiten einen privilegierten Referenzpunkt dar. An besagten Phasen der gesellschaftlichen Destabilisierung und des drohenden politischen Chaos sind das 19. Jahrhundert mit den Folgerevolutionen von 1830 und 1848, das 20. Jahrhundert mit den beiden Weltkriegen und das 21. Jahrhundert mit der aktuellsten Herausforderungslage des globalen Terrors nicht arm. Der vorliegende Band widmet sich dieser revolutionären Vergangenheitsbewältigung, v.a. der blutigen Phase von 1793/94, in ihren diversen Ausprägungen vom späten 18. Jahrhundert bis in die Gegenwart.