bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting FGFR Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Expressing pFGFR and pMET for Antitumor Activity
Authors: Jo Jae-Cheol , Choi Eun Kyoung , Shin Jae-Sik , Moon Jai-Hee , Hong Seung-Woo , Lee Ha-Reum , Kim Seung-Mi , Jung Soo-A , Lee Dae-Hee , Jung Seang Hwan , Lee Sun-Hye , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Kyu-pyo , Hong Yong Sang , Suh Young-Ah , Jang Se Jin , Choi Eun Kyung , Lee Jung Shin , Jin Dong-Hoon , Kim Tae Won
Published: September 2015

The MET receptor tyrosine kinase, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in cancer growth, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis in a broad variety of human cancers, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, MET was suggested to be a potential target for the personalized treatment of HCC with an active HGF–MET signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms of resistance to MET inhibitors need to be elucidated to provide effective treatment. Here, we show that HCC cells exhibit different sensitivities to the MET inhibitor PHA665752, depending on the phosphorylation status of FGFR. Treatment of cells expressing both phospho-FGFR and phospho-MET with the inhibitor PHA665752 did not cause growth inhibition and cell death, whereas treatment with AZD4547, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, resulted in decreased colony formation and cleavage of caspase-3. Moreover, silencing of endogenous FGFR1 and FGFR2 by RNAi of HCC cells expressing phospho-FGFR, phospho-FGFR2, and phospho-MET overcame the resistance to PHA665752 treatment. Treatment of primary cancer cells from patients with HCC expressing both phospho-FGFR and phospho-MET with PHA665752 did not induce cell death, whereas AZD4547 treatment induced cell death through the cleavage of caspase-3. In addition, treatment of cells resistant to PHA665752 with AZD4547 abrogated the activation of downstream effectors of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the FGFR pathway is critical for HCC survival, and that targeting this pathway with AZD4547 may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with HCC-expressing phospho-FGFR and phospho-MET. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2613–22. ©2015 AACR.
Sarcoma Cell Line Screen of Oncology Drugs and Investigational Agents Identifies Patterns Associated with Gene and microRNA Expression
Authors: Teicher Beverly A. , Polley Eric , Kunkel Mark , Evans David , Silvers Thomas , Delosh Rene , Laudeman Julie , Ogle Chad , Reinhart Russell , Selby Michael , Connelly John , Harris Erik , Monks Anne , Morris Joel
Published: September 2015

The diversity in sarcoma phenotype and genotype make treatment of this family of diseases exceptionally challenging. Sixty-three human adult and pediatric sarcoma lines were screened with 100 FDA-approved oncology agents and 345 investigational agents. The investigational agents' library enabled comparison of several compounds targeting the same molecular entity allowing comparison of target specificity and heterogeneity of cell line response. Gene expression was derived from exon array data and microRNA expression was derived from direct digital detection assays. The compounds were screened against each cell line at nine concentrations in triplicate with an exposure time of 96 hours using Alamar blue as the endpoint. Results are presented for inhibitors of the following targets: aurora kinase, IGF-1R, MEK, BET bromodomain, and PARP1. Chemical structures, IC50 heat maps, concentration response curves, gene expression, and miR expression heat maps are presented for selected examples. In addition, two cases of exceptional responders are presented. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sarcoma.cancer.gov. These data provide a unique resource to the cancer research community. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2452–62. ©2015 AACR.
Alcohol Dependence and Genetic Variability in the Serotonin Pathway among Currently and Formerly Alcohol-Dependent Males
Authors: Plemenitas Anja , Kastelic Matej , Porcelli Stefano , Serretti Alessandro , Dolžan Vita , Kores Plesnicar Blanka
Published: September 2015

Background: Genes involved in the serotonin pathway may determine the susceptibility to alcohol dependence and its severity. The present study explored whether specific polymorphisms in the serotonin pathway could be associated with alcohol dependence or alcohol-related psychopathological symptoms. Methods: The cohort comprised 101 currently and 100 formerly alcohol-dependent males, as well as 97 male healthy blood donors. The following questionnaires were employed: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Zung Depression and Anxiety Scale, the Brief Social Phobia Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Subjects were genotyped for bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR,HTR1A rs6295, and HTR1B rs13212041. Results: Statistical differences in bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution were observed between the 3 groups investigated (p = 0.008 and p = 0.023, respectively); however, no gene-dose effect was observed. The severity of the alcohol problems was higher in currently alcohol-dependent subjects with the 5-HTTLPR LL (p = 0.039) and L′L′ genotypes (p = 0.027). Formerly dependent subjects with the 5-HTTLPR S′S′ genotype showed more social anxiety, depressive, and anxiety traits (p = 0.009, p = 0.006, and p = 0.036, respectively). Healthy controls with the 5-HTTLPR SS genotype showed more traits of social anxiety (p = 0.020). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR has some effects on the severity of alcohol dependence. Triallelic 5-HTTLPR was associated with social anxiety, anxiety, and depressive traits in alcohol-dependent subjects.
Interpreting Hemoglobin A1C in Combination With Conventional Risk Factors for Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Jarmul Jamie A. , Pignone Michael , Pletcher Mark J.
Published: September 2015

Background—

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its use for prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in combination with conventional risk factors has not been well defined.

Methods and Results—

To understand the effect of HbA1C on CVD risk in the context of other CVD risk factors, we analyzed HbA1C and other CVD risk factor measurements in 2000 individuals aged 40 to 79 years without pre-existing diabetes mellitus or CVD from the 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys survey. The resulting regression model was used to predict the HbA1C distribution based on individual patient characteristics. We then calculated post-test 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk incorporating the actual versus predicted HbA1C, according to established methods, for a set of example scenarios. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were significant predictors of HbA1C in our model, with the expected HbA1C distribution being significantly higher in non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic individuals than that in non-Hispanic white/other individuals. Incorporating the expected HbA1C distribution into pretest atherosclerotic CVD risk has a modest effect on post-test atherosclerotic CVD risk. In the patient examples, we assessed that having an HbA1C of <5.7% reduced post-test risk by 0.4% to 2.0% points, whereas having an HbA1C of ≥6.5% increased post-test risk by 1.0% to 2.5% points, depending on the scenario. The post-test risk increase from having an HbA1C of ≥6.5% tends to approximate the risk increase from being 5 years older.

Conclusions—

HbA1C has modest effects on predicted atherosclerotic CVD risk when considered in the context of conventional risk factors.
Population-Based Study of Incidence, Risk Factors, Outcome, and Prognosis of Ischemic Peripheral Arterial Events
Authors: Howard Dominic P.J. , Banerjee Amitava , Fairhead Jack F. , Hands Linda , Silver Louise E. , Rothwell Peter M.
Published: September 2015

Background—

There are few published data on the incidence and long-term outcomes of critical limb ischemia, acute limb ischemia, or acute visceral ischemia with which to inform health service planning, to monitor prevention, and to enable risk prediction.

Methods and Results—

In a prospective population-based study (Oxfordshire, UK; 2002–2012), we determined the incidence and outcome of all acute peripheral arterial events in a population of 92 728. Risk factors were assessed by comparison with the underlying population. A total of 510 acute events occurred in 386 patients requiring 803 interventions. Two hundred twenty-one patients (59.3%) were ≥75 years of age, and 98 (26.3%) were ≥85 years old. Two hundred thirty patients (62.3%) were independent before the event, but 270 (73.4%) were dead or dependent at the 6-month follow-up, and 328 (88.9%) were dead or dependent at 5 years. The 30-day survival was lowest for patients with acute visceral ischemia (28.2%) compared with acute limb ischemia (75.3%) and critical limb ischemia (92.6%;
P
<0.001). Risk factors (all
P
<0.001) were hypertension (age- and sex-adjusted risk ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.95–3.90), smoking (adjusted risk ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–3.34), and diabetes mellitus (adjusted risk ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.69–5.35), particularly for critical limb ischemia (adjusted risk ratio, 5.96; 95% confidence interval, 3.15–11.26). Two hundred eighty-eight patients (77.2%) had known previous cardiovascular disease, and 361 (96.8%) had vascular risk factors, but only 203 (54.4%) were on an antiplatelet and only 166 (44.5%) were on a statin. Although 260 patients (69.7%) were taking antihypertensives, 42.9% of all blood pressures recorded during the 5 years before the event were >140/90 mm Hg. Of 88 patients (23.6%) with incident cardioembolic events, 62 had known atrial fibrillation (diagnosed before the event), of whom only 14.5% were anticoagulated despite 82.3% having a CHA
2
DS
2
VASC score ≥2 without contraindications.

Conclusions—

The clinical burden of peripheral arterial events is substantial. Although the vast majority of patients have known vascular disease in other territories and multiple treatable risk factors, premorbid control is poor.
Obligatory Role for B Cells in the Development of Angiotensin II–Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Chan Christopher T. , Sobey Christopher G. , Lieu Maggie , Ferens Dorota , Kett Michelle M. , Diep Henry , Kim Hyun Ah , Krishnan Shalini M. , Lewis Caitlin V. , Salimova Ekaterina , Tipping Peter , Vinh Antony , Samuel Chrishan S. , Peter Karlheinz , Guzik Tomasz J. , Kyaw Tin S. , Toh Ban-Hock , Bobik Alexander , Drummond Grant R.
Published: September 2015

Clinical hypertension is associated with raised serum IgG antibodies. However, whether antibodies are causative agents in hypertension remains unknown. We investigated whether hypertension in mice is associated with B-cell activation and IgG production and moreover whether B-cell/IgG deficiency affords protection against hypertension and vascular remodeling. Angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion (0.7 mg/kg per day; 28 days) was associated with (1) a 25% increase in the proportion of splenic B cells expressing the activation marker CD86, (2) an 80% increase in splenic plasma cell numbers, (3) a 500% increase in circulating IgG, and (4) marked IgG accumulation in the aortic adventitia. In B-cell–activating factor receptor–deficient (BAFF-R
−/−
) mice, which lack mature B cells, there was no evidence of Ang II–induced increases in serum IgG. Furthermore, the hypertensive response to Ang II was attenuated in BAFF-R
−/−
(Δ30±4 mm Hg) relative to wild-type (Δ41±5 mm Hg) mice, and this response was rescued by B-cell transfer. BAFF-R
−/−
mice displayed reduced IgG accumulation in the aorta, which was associated with 80% fewer aortic macrophages and a 70% reduction in transforming growth factor-β expression. BAFF-R
−/−
mice were also protected from Ang II–induced collagen deposition and aortic stiffening (assessed by pulse wave velocity analysis). Finally, like BAFF-R deficiency, pharmacological depletion of B cells with an anti-CD20 antibody attenuated Ang II–induced hypertension by ≈35%. Hence, these studies demonstrate that B cells/IgGs are crucial for the development of Ang II–induced hypertension and vessel remodeling in mice. Thus, B-cell–targeted therapies—currently used for autoimmune diseases—may hold promise as future treatments for hypertension.
Aerobic Exercise Training in Formerly Preeclamptic Women
Authors: Scholten Ralph R. , Hopman Maria T.E. , Lotgering Fred K. , Spaanderman Marc E.A.
Published: September 2015

In women with a history of preeclampsia, low plasma volume (≤1373 mL/m
2
) is associated with recurrent preeclampsia and chronic hypertension. Interventions that improve volume reserve may reduce these risks in formerly preeclamptic women. In this study, we examined the effects of aerobic exercise training on venous reserves in 24 normotensive formerly preeclamptic women and 20 controls. Before and after 12-week aerobic exercise training, we measured plasma volume with albumin indicator dilution technique and venous compliance with venous occlusion plethysmography. Venous compliance and hemodynamic responses were assessed dynamically during graded head-up tilt (HUT). Formerly preeclamptic women had lower pretraining plasma volume and venous compliance than controls (1348±78 versus 1529±112 mL/m
2
;
P
<0.01 and 0.04±0.02 versus 0.07±0.01 mL·dL
−1
·mm Hg
−1
;
P
<0.01, respectively). Blood pressure decreased comparably between groups in response to HUT (
P
=0.11); the increase in heart rate in response to HUT was however more pronounced in preeclamptic women than in controls (
P
=0.01) Training increased plasma volume comparably in both groups (+180 versus +135 mL/m
2
,
P
=0.22) and similarly physical fitness (+3.4 and +3.7 mL·min
−1
·kg
−1
,
P
=0.43). Venous compliance increased twice as much in formerly preeclamptic women than in controls (supine +0.02 versus +0.01 mL·dL
−1
·mm Hg
−1
;
P
<0.01). After training, HUT decreased mean blood pressure comparable with pretraining responses in both groups, whereas both groups fulfilled the HUT testing at a persistently lower heart rate. These results demonstrate that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training improve venous reserve in postpartum women. Training normalized plasma volume and venous compliance in formerly preeclamptic women to pretraining levels of controls.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00900458.
Blood Pressure Is Not Associated With Cerebral Blood Flow in Older Persons
Authors: Foster-Dingley Jessica C. , Moonen Justine E.F. , de Craen Anton J.M. , de Ruijter Wouter , van der Mast Roos C. , van der Grond Jeroen
Published: September 2015

Many studies showing a relation between low blood pressure (BP) and adverse health outcomes in older persons suggest that low BP gives rise to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, limited evidence is available about this association. Baseline data of 203 participants in the Discontinuation of Antihypertensive Treatment in the Elderly (DANTE) trial were used (mean age, 81 years, using antihypertensive medication and with mild cognitive deficits). BP, BP changes on standing, and CBF derived from pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging were assessed in all participants. In 102 participants who were randomly assigned to 4-month continuation (n=47) or discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment (n=55), BP and CBF change were evaluated at 4-month follow-up. Systolic and diastolic BP were not associated with CBF (
B
=−0.21,
P
=0.50 and
B
=−1.07,
P
=0.07), neither were mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and BP changes on standing. In subgroups of participants with small vessel–related cerebral pathologies, including high white matter hyperintensity volume, microbleeds, and lacunar infarcts, or in participants with lower cognition or diabetes mellitus, no association was found between any BP parameters and CBF. Furthermore, compared to the continuation group, CBF change at 4 months was not different in the discontinuation group (
B
=−0.12,
P
=0.23). Contrary to the notion that lower BP in old age is associated with decreased CBF, our data do not show this association in older persons using antihypertensive medication and with mild cognitive deficits. Also, this association was not present in subgroups of more vulnerable persons, reflected by small vessel–related cerebral pathologies, lower cognition, or diabetes mellitus.
The Basis for Language Acquisition: Congenitally Deaf Infants Discriminate Vowel Length in the First Months after Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Vavatzanidis Niki Katerina , Mürbe Dirk , Friederici Angela , Hahne Anja
Published: September 2015

One main incentive for supplying hearing impaired children with a cochlear implant is the prospect of oral language acquisition. Only scarce knowledge exists, however, of what congenitally deaf children actually perceive when receiving their first auditory input, and specifically what speech-relevant features they are able to extract from the new modality. We therefore presented congenitally deaf infants and young children implanted before the age of 4 years with an oddball paradigm of long and short vowel variants of the syllable /ba/. We measured the EEG in regular intervals to study their discriminative ability starting with the first activation of the implant up to 8 months later. We were thus able to time-track the emerging ability to differentiate one of the most basic linguistic features that bears semantic differentiation and helps in word segmentation, namely, vowel length. Results show that already 2 months after the first auditory input, but not directly after implant activation, these early implanted children differentiate between long and short syllables. Surprisingly, after only 4 months of hearing experience, the ERPs have reached the same properties as those of the normal hearing control group, demonstrating the plasticity of the brain with respect to the new modality. We thus show that a simple but linguistically highly relevant feature such as vowel length reaches age-appropriate electrophysiological levels as fast as 4 months after the first acoustic stimulation, providing an important basis for further language acquisition.
Prefrontal Engagement and Reduced Default Network Suppression Co-occur and Are Dynamically Coupled in Older Adults: The Default–Executive Coupling Hypothesis of Aging
Authors: Turner Gary R. , Spreng R. Nathan
Published: September 2015

Reduced executive control is a hallmark of neurocognitive aging. Poor modulation of lateral pFC activity in the context of increasing task challenge in old adults and a “failure to deactivate” the default network during cognitive control tasks have been observed. Whether these two patterns represent discrete mechanisms of neurocognitive aging or interact into older adulthood remains unknown. We examined whether altered pFC and default network dynamics co-occur during goal-directed planning over increasing levels of difficulty during performance on the Tower of London task. We used fMRI to investigate task- and age-related changes in brain activation and functional connectivity across four levels of task challenge. Frontoparietal executive control regions were activated and default network regions were suppressed during planning relative to counting performance in both groups. Older adults, unlike young, failed to modulate brain activity in executive control and default regions as planning demands increased. Critically, functional connectivity analyses revealed bilateral dorsolateral pFC coupling in young adults and dorsolateral pFC to default coupling in older adults with increased planning complexity. We propose a default–executive coupling hypothesis of aging. First, this hypothesis suggests that failure to modulate control and default network activity in response to increasing task challenge are linked in older adulthood. Second, functional brain changes involve greater coupling of lateral pFC and the default network as cognitive control demands increase in older adults. We speculate that these changes reflect an adaptive shift in cognitive approach as older adults come to rely more upon stored representations to support goal-directed task performance.
The Construction of Inner Religious Space in Wandering Religion of Classical Greece
Authors: de Jáuregui Miguel Herrero
Published: September 2015

In classical Greece, different kinds of itinerant purifiers are well known mainly through hostile descriptions (Plato, Demosthenes) and sometimes also through some evidence from inside (Empedocles, Orphic gold tablets). However, both perspectives coincide in showing that such wandering “priests” aimed to construe a transportable sacred space, attached to specific people rather than to any specific location. Thus, sacred places could easily turn into metaphorical images for inner states. The main mechanisms of such construction are: creating conceptual boundaries which separate the initiate from the profane; depicting imaginary spaces of purity and impurity at both sides of the boundary; and imagining ways of spatial change from the impure to the pure side, be it as a gradual process (imagined as walking through a path) or as a sudden transportation (imagined as leaping or falling). Sacred space as a metaphor for inner religious experience gained enormous popularity from Plato onwards, and this kind of construction may have been the most immediate antecedent. This approach helps to explain several pieces of evidence of Greek itinerant religion, and, more generally, to understand how the possibility of internalizing sacred spaces may be exploited in specific situations.
Two new species, Colemanaxius andamanensis sp. nov. and Bruceaxius thailandensis sp. nov. from the Andaman Sea, Thailand (infraorder Axiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979)
Authors: Sakai Katsushi
Published: September 2015

A biodiversity workshop under the title “International Workshop on the Crustacea of the Andaman Sea” was held at Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), Phuket, Thailand, from 29 November to 20 December 1998 in the framework of the Thai-Danish BIOSHELF programme, running from 1996 to 2000. Material of the decapod families Callianassidae Dana, 1852, Upogebiidae Borradaile, 1903, and Axiidae Huxley, 1879, collected in 1996 and 1998, has been made available for study. As a sequel to the reports on the callianassid collection published in 2002 (Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication,23(2): 461-532) and the upogebiid material published in 2015 (Crustaceana,88(5): 577-609), the collection of Axiidae is treated in the present paper, with as a result the description of one new species of the genusColemanaxiusSakai, 2011, and one new species of the genusBruceaxiusSakai, 2011.
Résultats taxonomiques de l´ éxpédition BRYOTROP au Zaire et Rwanda 30. Bryophytes épiphylles (récoltes de E. Fischer)

Authors: Tixier Pierre
Published: September 2015

The author provides an annotated list of epiphyllous bryophytes collected by Dr E. Fischer in Kivu and Rwanda. Most of them belong to the Lejeuneaceae, but some other hepatics and mosses are also represented. A total of 101 hepatics and 17 mosses are reported. In this very important material, 13 new species and 2 varieties for science or for Africa were found: Cololejeunea cardiocapioides , C. fischerii , C. heterolobula , C. kahuziensis , C. lobulolineata , C. pseudo-obliqua , C. pseudo-pusilla , C. sphaerocarpa , C. tenui-parietata , C. tribracteata , Diplasiolejeunea cyanguguensis , C. gradsteinii , Harpalejeunea fischerii , Cololejeunea harrisii Pócs var. magna, and Drepanolejeunea symoensii (Vanden Berghen) Grolle var. minor. Some observations and ideas are given for Cheilolejeunea, in preparation for a future monograph of the genus in Africa and the Mascareno-Malagassy region. Drepanolejeunea , based on the author’s analysis is relatively depauperate in Africa (where some of the species are South East Asian taxa). The study of the genus was complicated because of the use of perianth characters in taxonomical delimitation. However, perianths are seldom encountered and are very variable. In Cololejeunea , the author builds on his earlier works on the genus in different regions and particularly in Madagascar. Some taxa were insufficiently defined and the author tries to separate the different species. The application of subgenera in Cololejeunea remains difficult. For example, C. platyneura is a member of the subgenus Taeniolejeunea, but may be confused with members of subg. Cololejeunea.
Niche Breadth and Overlap of Sphagnum Species in Costa Rica

Authors: McQueen Cyrus B.
Published: September 2015

Niche breadth and overlap values of Sphagnum species in Costa Rica are similar to those reported for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. and S. sparsum Hampe have the broadest niche breadth of the common species in Costa Rica. Although S. sancto-josephense Crum & Crosby has a relatively narrow niche breadth, it is one of the most common species along with S. magellancium and S. sparsum in the Sphagnum habitats of Costa Rica. Niche overlap is high among species with the exception of S. platyphyllum (Braithw.) Warnst. which is found in habitats that are rich in iron. The pH, conductivity, and concentrations of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, K, and P of Sphagnum habitats in Costa Rica are similar to those reported for páramo habitats in South America.
Cytological Studies on mosses from Papua New Guinea 1. Introduction and the family Orthotrichaceae

Authors: Ramsay H. P. , Streimann H. , Vitt D. H.
Published: September 2015

Chromosome numbers with information on meiotic behaviour are recorded for the first time for the following taxa in the family Orthotrichaceae from Papua New Guinea - Desmotheca apiculata (Dozy & Molk.) Lindb. ex Card. n=6; Macromitrium incurvifolium (Hook. & Grev.) Schwaegr. n=9, M. longicaule C. Muell. n=6 (5+X/y), M. orthostichum Nees ex Schwaegr. n=7 (6+ X/y), M. salakanum C. Muell. n=9, M. similirete Bartr. n=9. M. streimannii Vitt n=9 (8+m); Schlotheimia emarginato-pilosa Herz. n=9 and S. macgregorii Broth. & Geh. n=11.
A systematic study of Ichneumonosoma de Meijere, Pelmatops Enderlein, Pseudopelmatops Shiraki and Soita Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: CHEN XIAO-LIN , NORRBOM ALLEN , FREIDBERG AMNON , CHESTERS DOUGLAS , ISLAM MD SAJEDUL , ZHU CHAO-DONG
Published: September 2015

Four fruit fly genera, Ichneumonosoma de Meijere, Pelmatops Enderlein, Pseudopelmatops Shiraki and Soita Walker, were studied and 19 species are recognized. Three new species, Soita infuscata Chen & Norrbom, Ichneumonosoma quadripunctata Chen & Freidberg, and I. triangularis Chen & Norrbom are described and illustrated. Ichneumonosoma and Soita are revised, and keys to all the species are provided. Ichneumonosoma imitans (de Meijere) is newly recorded from Thailand. One new synonym is established: Soita Walker = Xaniosternum Enderlein, and Xaniosternum ophioneum Enderlein is moved from Xaniosternum to Soita (n. comb.). In addition, new morphological, geographic and biological information for two stalk-eyed fruit fly genera, Pelmatops and Pseudopelmatops, are provided. Pelmatops fukienensis Zia & Chen is newly recorded from Burma, Pelmetops ichneumoneus (Westwood) is newly recorded from Thailand and Burma, Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen is newly recorded from Vietnam, and the male of P. angustifasciatus is described and illustrated for the first time. The morphology of the compound eye and occipital protuberance of Pelmatops and Pseudopelmatops is described and illustrated for the first time. A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters of adults, a partial molecular analysis using the nuclear 28S rDNA (28S) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes and a combined dataset were conducted to reconstruct the phylogeny of the four genera and their species. The results showed good support for monophyly of each of the four genera and the clade of the stalk-eyed fruit flies (Pelmatops + Pseudopelmatops). However, relationships of the stalk-eyed fruit flies with Soita and Ichneumonosoma are not clearly resolved, with the morphological analysis indicating that Ichneumonosoma is the sister group of the stalk-eyed fruit flies, but the 28S analysis and the combined analysis group Soita closer to the stalk-eyed fruit flies. Regarding relationships amongst congeners, Pelmatops was well resolved; Ichneumonosoma and Soita were partly resolved, and Pseudopelmatops was unresolved. In addition, a hypothesis about the biology of Pseudopelmatops and its relationship with Sesiidae (Lepidoptera) is discussed.
Stenoloba ronkayi Sohn & Tzuoo 2012—a new homonym of S. ronkayi Behounek & Kononenko, 2010 and new synonym of S. glauca Kononenko & Ronkay 2001. A postscript to the revision of Chinese Stenoloba (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: HAN H. L. , KONONENKO V. S.
Published: September 2015

Stenoloba Staudinger, 1892 is an exclusively East Asian Noctuidae genus of the subfamily Bryophilinae. After global revision of the genus (Kononenko & Ronkay 2000, 2001) the numerous regional revisions and descriptions of separate species appeared (Ronkay 2001; Han & Lu 2007; Han & Kononenko 2009; Behounek & Kononenko 2010; Han et al. 2011; Pekarsky 2011; Sohn & Tzuoo 2012; Pekarsky et al. 2013; Pekarsky & Saldaitis 2013).
Assessing the Equatorial Long-Wave Approximation: Asymptotics and Observational Data Analysis*
Authors: Ogrosky H. Reed , Stechmann Samuel N.
Published: September 2015

Equatorial long-wave theory applies where a small horizontal aspect ratio between meridional and zonal length scales is assumed. In an idealized setting, the theory suggests that (i) meridional wind is small, (ii) geostrophic balance holds in the meridional direction, and (iii) inertio-gravity waves are small in amplitude or “filtered out.” In this paper a spectral data analysis method is used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal scales on which each of these aspects of long-wave dynamics is observed in reanalysis data. Three different perspectives are used in this assessment: primitive variables, characteristic variables, and wave variables. To define each wave variable, the eigenvectors and theoretical wave structures of the equatorial shallow-water equations are used. Evidence is presented that the range of spatial and temporal scales on which long-wave dynamics holds depends on which aspect of the dynamics is considered. For example, while meridional winds are an order of magnitude smaller than zonal winds over only a very narrow range of spatial scales (planetary wavenumber ), an examination of meridional geostrophic balance and inertio-gravity waves indicates long-wave dynamics for a broader range of scales (). A simple prediction is also presented for this range of scales based on physical and mathematical reasoning.
Surface Stress over the Ocean in Swell-Dominated Conditions during Moderate Winds
Authors: Högström Ulf , Sahlée Erik , Smedman Ann-Sofi , Rutgersson Anna , Nilsson Erik , Kahma Kimmo K. , Drennan William M.
Published: September 2015

Atmospheric and surface wave data from several oceanic experiments carried out on the Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) and the Air–Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) have been analyzed with the purpose of identifying swell-related effects on the surface momentum exchange during near-neutral atmospheric conditions and wind-following or crosswind seas. All data have a pronounced negative maximum in uw cospectra centered at the frequency of the dominant swell np, meaning a positive contribution to the stress. A similar contribution at this frequency is also obtained for the corresponding crosswind cospectrum. The magnitude of the cospectral maximum is shown to be linearly related to the square of the orbital motion, being equal to , where Hsd is the swell-significant wave height, the effect tentatively being due to strong correlation between the surface component of the orbital motion and the pattern of capillary waves over long swell waves.

A model for prediction of the friction velocity from measurements of Hsd, np, and the 10-m wind speed U10 is formulated and tested against an independent dataset of ~400 half-hour measurements during swell, giving good result.

The model predicts that the drag coefficient CD, which is traditionally modeled as a function of U10 alone (e.g., the COARE algorithm), becomes strongly dependent on the magnitude of the swell factor and that CD can attain values several times larger than predicted by wind speed–only models. According to maps of the global wave climate, conditions leading to large effects are likely to be widespread over the World Ocean.
Natural vibration-induced parametric excitation in delaminated Kirchhoff plates
Authors: Szekrényes András
Published: September 2015

This paper revisits the problem of free vibration of delaminated composite plates with Lévy type boundary conditions. The governing equations are derived for laminated Kirchhoff plates including through-width delamination. The plate is divided into two subplates in the plane of the delamination. The kinematic continuity of the undelaminated part is established by using the system of exact kinematic conditions. The free vibration analysis of orthotropic simply supported Lévy plates reveals that the delaminated parts are subjected to periodic normal and in-plane shear forces. This effect induces parametric excitation leading to the susceptibility of the plates to dynamic delamination buckling during the vibration. An important aspect is that depending on the vibration mode the internal forces have a two-dimensional distribution in the plane of the delamination. To solve the dynamic stability problem the finite element matrices of the delaminated parts are developed. The distribution of the internal forces in the direction of the delamination front was considered. The mode shapes including a half-wave along the width of the plate accompanied by delamination buckling are shown based on the subsequent superimposition of the buckling eigenshapes. The analysis reveals that the vibration phenomenon is amplitude dependent. Also, the phase plane portraits are created for some chosen cases showing some special trajectories.
Computational description of morphology of dispersive components’ spatial structures in polymer composites
Authors: Ukhin Konstantin O , Nechaev Anton I , Valtsifer Viktor A , Strelnikov Vladimir N
Published: September 2015

A method for computational description of morphology of dispersive components’ spatial structures in composites has been developed. The method is based on the calculation and comparison average values of the elongation coefficient ( Ke), sinuosity coefficient ( Ks), and fullness coefficient ( Kf) for structures of the dispersed phase. Stationary systems such as composite oligodiene epoxide vulcanizate (PDI 3AK) as matrix with micro-dispersive aluminium powder and composite methyl methacrylate-styrene (PMMAS) as matrix with magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated by SEM and AFM, respectively. Time behavior of micro-dispersive carbon black in dynamic system comprised of polydivinylisoprene oligomer (PDI) as the matrix was studied by optical microscopy. The obtained results by method for computational description of morphology had showed universality of the method and enabled ascertaining quantitative correlations describing shapes of certain particles of the filler and morphology of spatial structure under formation. Dependence of form coefficients on the time was determined. This dependence enables studying kinetics of structure formation.
Stem Cells in Teeth and Craniofacial Bones
Authors: Zhao H. , Chai Y.
Published: September 2015

Stem cells are remarkable, and stem cell–based tissue engineering is an emerging field of biomedical science aiming to restore damaged tissue or organs. In dentistry and reconstructive facial surgery, it is of great interest to restore lost teeth or craniofacial bone defects using stem cell–mediated therapy. In the craniofacial region, various stem cell populations have been identified with regeneration potential. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the various types of tooth- and craniofacial bone–related stem cells and discuss their in vivo identities and regulating mechanisms.
Co-articulatory Cues for Communication: An Investigation of Five Environments
Authors: Pycha Anne
Published: September 2015

We hypothesized that speakers adjust co-articulation in vowel–consonant (VC) sequences in order to provide listeners with enhanced perceptual cues to C, and that they do so specifically in those situations where primary cues to C place of articulation tend to be diminished. We tested this hypothesis in a speech production study of American English, measuring the duration and extent of VC formant transitions in five conditioning environments – consonant voicing, phrasal position, sentence accent, vowel quality, and consonant place – that modulate primary cues to C place in different ways. Results partially support our hypothesis. Although speakers did not exhibit greater temporal co-articulation in contexts that tend to diminish place cues, they did exhibit greater spatial co-articulation. This finding suggests that co-articulation serves specific communicative goals.
The Consumption, Production and Regulation of Alcohol in the UK: The Relevance of the Ambivalence of the Carnivalesque
Authors: Haydock William
Published: September 2015

Alcohol consumption in 21st-century Britain is of significant interest to government, media and academics. Some have referred to a ‘new culture of intoxication’ or ‘calculated hedonism’, fostered by the drinks industry, and enabled by a neoliberal policymaking context. This article argues that the ‘carnivalesque’ is a better concept through which to understand alcohol’s place in British society today. The concept of the carnivalesque conveys an earthy yet extraordinary culture of drinking, as well as ritual elements with a lack of comfort and security that characterise the night-time economy for many people. This night-time carnival, as well as being something experienced by participants, is also a spectacle, with gendered and classed dynamics. It is suggested that this concept is helpful in making sense of common understandings of alcohol that run through the spheres not only of alcohol consumption but also production and regulation.
Preparation of superfine down particles derived from down fiber wastes and their application as an efficient adsorbent toward acid brilliant scarlet 3R
Authors: Chen Fengxiang , Liu Xin , Dong Binghai , Zhou Yingshan , Hu Hang , Xiao Xinfang , Liu Keshuai , Zhang Chunhua , Yuan Tian , Liang Zihui , Cheng Fan , Wang Shimin , Xu Weilin
Published: September 2015

Low-cost superfine down particles (SDP) were evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of acid brilliant scarlet 3R (ABS-3R) dye from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and amino-acid analysis were used to characterize the structural characteristics of the adsorbent material. The effects of adsorption process parameters, including initial pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, adsorption time, and temperature, were systematically studied in batch adsorption experiments. Further, adsorption equilibrium data were modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 158.23 mg/g at 318 K. Kinetic studies at different temperatures showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well in correlation to the experimental results in comparison to the pseudo-first-order model. The activation energy of the adsorption process was 59.52 kJ/mol, using the Arrhenius equation, which indicated the chemisorption nature of ABS-3R adsorption onto SDP. Thermodynamic study showed that adsorption of ABS-3R was a spontaneous and endothermic process. In summary, SDP was found to be an efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent, which might be suitable for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
A novel algorithm for easy-care laundering of linen fabrics: A cleaner solution to the wrinkling problem during care
Authors: Arslan Muhammed Heysem , Göcek İkilem , Açıkgöz Hatice , Şahin Umut Kıvanç , Erdem İlkan
Published: September 2015

In this study an attempt was made to improve the wrinkling behavior of linen fabrics encountered during washing in washing machines with steam generators was tried to be achieved. To improve the wrinkling behavior of linen fabrics while still maintaining a gentle washing action, different combinations of steaming steps were inserted into the laundering process. Moreover, individual and interactive effects of the spin level, as well as those of heating in rinsing or in softening steps, upon average shrinkage and average smoothness ratings of the laundered linen products were evaluated after performing relevant standard tests. An alternative algorithm was created offering even better performance in terms of smoothness rating with acceptable average shrinkage after laundering, offering an increase in the smoothness rating from 1.40 to as high as 3.63, with a decrease in shrinkage from 5.50% to as low as 3.45% for the levels studied. Heat application was found to have positive and significant effects on the average smoothness rating.
Spirituality and creativity of indigenous societies in Brazil and their legacy to Brazilian culture and creative giftedness
Authors: Soriano de Alencar Eunice ML , Braga Nívea Pimenta , Prado Renata Muniz , Chagas-Ferreira Jane Farias
Published: September 2015

This paper explores connections between spirituality and creativity in indigenous communities, and their link to spiritual intelligence. Some spiritual and creative characteristics of Brazilian indigenous peoples are described, as well as their legacy to Brazilian culture and creative giftedness. The paper concludes that Brazilian people have inherited a rich imagination, permeable culture, and many animist elements from the indigenous societies, which are factors that contribute to creative expression and the blossoming of spiritual intelligence.
A socioecological fix to capitalist crisis and climate change? The possibilities and limits of renewable energy
Authors: McCarthy James
Published: September 2015

Many have argued that the burning of fossil fuels is an essential component of the socionatural metabolism of capitalism as we know it, and that the anthropogenic climate change it is causing may finally bring about capitalism’s end. In this paper, I explore the potential for, instead, a societal shift towards renewable energy sources as the dominant components of global energy supplies to provide a socioecological ‘fix’ to current forms of crisis. In so doing, I develop a notion of an integrated socioecological fix that combines the central elements of Harvey’s ‘spatial fix’ and of neoliberal environmental ‘fixes’ that maintain accumulation by enrolling new elements of nonhuman nature into circuits of capital. I argue, first, that the capital intensiveness and spatial extensiveness of any such transition could provide a global-scale, if temporary, socioecological fix to capitalist crisis tendencies; and, second, that the creation of global scale geographies of renewable energy production, distribution, and consumption would necessarily involve powerful new rounds of investment in, and claims on, rural areas. These impacts would likely fall disproportionately on rural areas, where land values are lowest and existing users often have less power and fewer formal land rights.
Region and place III
Authors: Tomaney John
Published: September 2015

This report surveys the growing interest in understanding local and regional development in terms of its contribution to human well-being. It highlights the limits of traditional measures of development, notably GDP and its variants, and charts the search for alternative measures of development. It examines attempts to introduce a concern with well-being in local and regional development policy and the political barriers to achieving this.
Strabismus at Age 2 Years in Children Born Before 28 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: VanderVeen Deborah K. , Allred Elizabeth N. , Wallace David K. , Leviton Alan ,   for the ELGAN Study Investigators
Published: September 2015

Children born very preterm are at greater risk of ophthalmic morbidities, including strabismus, than children born at term. We evaluated perinatal factors associated with strabismus at age 2 years in a large population of infants delivered before 28 weeks’ gestation. A total of 996 infants in the multicenter ELGAN (Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn) study who had a retinal exam in infancy and a developmental assessment at 2 years corrected age are included. Their mothers were interviewed about the pregnancy, and both mother and newborn charts were reviewed. Certified examiners administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II and performed an examination of ocular alignment. Time-oriented logistic regression risk models were created to evaluate the associations of characteristics and exposures with the development of strabismus. Overall, 14% (n = 141) of the children had strabismus at 2 years, and 80% of strabismic children had esotropia. Characteristics associated with strabismus were birth before 26 weeks’ gestation, severe fetal growth restriction, and maternal history of aspirin ingestion. Associated postnatal factors included a SNAP-II (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology) illness severity value ≥30, brain ventriculomegaly, type I retinopathy of prematurity, and ventilator-dependent severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Strabismus in very preterm populations is associated with a number of antenatal and postnatal antecedents as well as clinical and imaging correlates indicative of brain damage in these children. Routine ophthalmologic assessments in the early years can allow appropriate and timely interventions.
Giving Sex
Authors: Davis Georgiann , Dewey Jodie M. , Murphy Erin L.
Published: September 2015

Although medical providers rely on similar tools to “treat” intersex and trans individuals, their enactment of medicalization practices varies. To deconstruct these complexities, we employ a comparative analysis of providers who specialize in intersex and trans medicine. While both sets of providers tend to hold essentialist ideologies about sex, gender, and sexuality, we argue they medicalize intersex and trans embodiments in different ways. Providers for intersex people are inclined to approach intersex as an emergency that necessitates medical attention, whereas providers for trans people attempt to slow down their patients’ urgent requests for transitioning services. Building on conceptualizations of “giving gender,” we contend both sets of providers “give gender” by “giving sex.” In both cases too, providers shift their own responsibility for their medicalization practices onto others: parents in the case of intersex, or adult recipients of care in the case of trans. According to the accounts of most providers, successful medical interventions are achieved when a person adheres to heteronormative gender practices.