bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging Critically Ill Patients in Symptom Management: Thinking Outside the Box!
Authors: Chlan Linda L.
Published: July 2016

Caring for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is an immense challenge for clinicians. Interventions to maintain physiological stability and life itself can cause a number of adverse effects that have a marked impact on patients beyond the period of critical illness or injury. These ICU-acquired conditions include but are not limited to weakness, depression, and post–intensive care syndrome, all of which markedly affect patients’ quality of life after they leave the unit. How best to manage the many symptoms experienced by patients undergoing mechanical ventilation without contributing to adverse ICU-acquired sequelae remains a daunting charge for clinicians and requires innovative “out of the box” approaches to address these complex issues. Systematic, cutting-edge research is needed to challenge the “usual” way of managing ICU patients in order to provide the best available evidence for practice integration that minimizes adverse, ICU-acquired sequelae and improves outcomes for the most vulnerable patients. This article highlights a program of research focused on interventions for managing symptoms in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support, including the appropriate empowerment of symptom self-management by patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Development and testing of innovative, nontraditional interventions specifically tailored for ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support are presented. Music listening is highlighted as a nonpharmacological, adjunctive intervention to reduce anxiety associated with mechanical ventilation. Patient-controlled sedation is discussed as an alternative method to meet patients’ highly individual needs for sedative therapy to promote comfort.
Ontogenetic shifts in terrestrial reliance of stream-dwelling brown trout
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Javier , Cobo Fernando
Published: July 2016

This study focuses on terrestrial reliance of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and compared it to the potential prey available (macrozoobenthos and drifting invertebrates) in three temperate rivers (Galicia, NW Spain), with special emphasis on variations in terrestrial energy intake through the ontogeny of brown trout. Additionally, we paid particular attention to individual variation of terrestrial resource use within and between age classes. Prey items were grouped in four categories: i) aquatic invertebrates; ii) imagoes of aquatic invertebrates; iii) terrestrial invertebrates; and iv) fish prey. Next, energy composition was measured according to dry weight-energy equations for each individual in line with above-mentioned prey categories. Our findings illustrate that terrestrial invertebrates appeared to be scarce in the environment, whereas aquatic food resources were rather abundant and accessible. The use of terrestrial invertebrates tended to increase with age, but with a high degree of inter-individual variation in resource use. In fact, the individual reliance of brown trout on terrestrial invertebrates may vary considerably (between 0% and 76.9%). Besides, the frequency of terrestrial foragers, i.e., individuals with terrestrial invertebrates in their stomachs, increased with age, except in one population which had the maximum value in the age-2 class. The acquisition of terrestrial invertebrates thus appears to be a process strongly dependent upon the actual food availability in the environment, but with a high degree of individual variance in resource use within the same age class. Finally, we discuss that terrestrial invertebrates may largely contribute to cover the energy intake of the species, highlighting the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and thereby the importance of riparian canopy cover as a key factor for food supply of stream-dwelling salmonids species.
Implementation of satellite blood-culture system in an emergency department: impact of time-to results in sepsis detection
Authors: Rocchetti Andrea , Rapallo Fabio , Bottino Paolo , Mastrazzo Alessandra
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to compare the time differences in the detection of sepsis, making a comparison between the TAT (turnaround time) of blood cultures in the Emergency Department (ED) compared to the other hospital units. Positive blood cultures were divided into 2 groups: those from ED, and those from other hospital units. For this reason, a continuously monitoring blood culture incubator has been placed in the ED. We considered only adult patients. During the 1-year study, we considered all positive for each patient. Results obtained demonstrate that placing an automated blood culture system in an area of critical importance allows to obtain significant improvements in terms of time and quality of the results. Furthermore, reduction of TAT is determined more by the times of sample transport rather than the processing time.
Оценки для сужений монотонных операторов на конус убывающих функций в пространстве Орлича
Authors: Gol'dman Mikhail L'vovich
Published: July 2016

Рассматривается сужение монотонного оператора $P$ на
конус $\Omega$ неотрицательных убывающих функций из весового
пространства Орлича $L_{\varphi,v}$ без дополнительных
априорных предположений о свойствах функции Орлича $\varphi$
и весовой функции $v$. Мы устанавливаем точную по порядку
двустороннюю оценку нормы этого сужения с помощью специально
построенной процедуры дискретизации. Аналогичные оценки
получены также для монотонных операторов над соответствующими
пространствами Орлича-Лоренца $\Lambda_{\varphi,v}$. В качестве
приложений мы получаем описания ассоциированных пространств
для конуса $\Omega$ и для пространства Орлича-Лоренца.
Результаты являются новыми и актуальными в теории этих
пространств.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Обоснование метода усреднения для дифференциальных уравнений с большими быстро осциллирующими слагаемыми и краевыми условиями
Authors: Levenshtam Valeriy Borisovich , Shubin P E
Published: July 2016

Метод усреднения обоснован для нормальных систем
дифференциальных уравнений с быстро осциллирующими
слагаемыми, пропорциональными корню квадратному из
частоты осцилляций, в случае краевой задачи на
конечном отрезке и задачи об ограниченных решениях
на положительной полуоси с краевым условием на левом конце.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Асимптотика синус-преобразования Фурье функции ограниченной вариации
Authors: Liflyand Elijah Rafailovich
Published: July 2016

Найденное новое доказательство асимптотической формулы
для синус-преобразования Фурье
функции ограниченной вариации
проведено полностью\linebreak в рамках теории пространств Харди,
в первую очередь, с помощью неравенства Харди. Показано,
что все стороны поведения преобразования Фурье функции
ограниченной вариации с производной в пространстве Харди
так или иначе выражаются с помощью
преобразования Гильберта производной.
Библиография: 27 названий.
An Analysis of Simplification Strategies in a Reading Textbook of Japanese as a Foreign Language
Authors: HMELJAK SANGAWA Kristina
Published: July 2016

Reading is one of the bases of second language learning, and it can be most effective when the linguistic difficulty of the text matches the reader's level of language proficiency. The present paper reviews previous research on the readability and simplification of Japanese texts, and presents an analysis of a collection of simplified texts for learners of Japanese as a foreign language. The simplified texts are compared to their original versions to uncover different strategies used to make the texts more accessible to learners. The list of strategies thus obtained can serve as useful guidelines for assessing, selecting, and devising texts for learners of Japanese as a foreign language.
Propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de Chrysophyllum marginatum
Authors: Albarello de Cezaro Jussan , Trevisan Rômulo , Balbinot Rafaelo
Published: July 2016

Esse estudo objetivou avaliar as propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. e Arn.) Radlk. Foram utilizadas três árvores com 20,3 ± 6 cm de diâmetro. Por regressão, determinou-se a variação no sentido base-topo de retratibilidade, coeficiente anisotrópico, teor de umidade saturado e massa específica básica. Para caracterizar a flexão estática na primeira tora, nas condições úmida e seca ao ar, foi realizada análise de variância pelo teste de Tukey. Observou-se decréscimo das contrações radial e tangencial e da massa específica básica da madeira no sentido base-topo, inversamente ao teor de umidade saturado, que apresentou uma variação crescente. Na análise do coeficiente anisotrópico, verificou-se uma tendência de acréscimo até 1,30 m de altura, seguido de estabilização a partir dessa posição até o topo. A contração longitudinal apresentou tendência de decréscimo até, aproximadamente, 40% de altura, seguido de acréscimo até a altura de inserção do primeiro galho vivo. As médias do coeficiente anisotrópico e da massa específica básica foram 2,3 kg m-3 e 594 kg m-3, respectivamente. A condição de umidade seca ao ar apresentou maior resistência à flexão estática do que quando saturada e os valores dos módulos de elasticidade e de ruptura foram semelhantes aos encontrados em estudos de Eucalyptus saligna e Carya illinoinensis.Physical and mechanical properties of Chrysophyllum marginatum woodThis study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the wood of Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. And Arn.) Radlk. We used three trees with 20.3 ± 6 cm of diameter. It was determined by regression analysis the variation bottom-up of shrinkage, anisotropic coefficient, saturate moisture content and basic density. To characterize the static bending in the first log, in saturate and air dried conditions, it was performed variance analysis using Tukey›s test. It was observed a decrease in radial and tangential contractions and basic density on bottom-up direction. Saturate moisture content increased, considering the same direction. Anisotropic coefficient presented increase tendency up to 1.30 m height followed by stabilization from that position to the top. It was observed decreasing tendency of longitudinal contraction to approximately 40% of total height, followed by increasing up to the insertion of the first living branch. Mean anisotropic coefficient and basic density were 2.3kg m-³ and 594 kg m-³, respectively. Air dry condition showed greater static bending resistance than when saturate. Values of rupture and elasticity modulus were similar to those found in studies with Eucalyptus saligna and Carya illinoinensis.Index terms: Shrinkage; Anisotropic coefficient; Static bending
Coherencia interna del Grado en Administración y dirección de Empresas: Resultados de Aprendizaje como herramienta de gobernanza
Authors: Cano Montero E.I. , Chamizo González J. , Martín Vecino T.
Published: July 2016

Los Resultados de Aprendizaje (RA) y su evaluación como herramienta para medida de calidad y gobernanza en los planes de estudios están presentes en los estándares internacionales de calidad de la Educación Superior. Garantizar la coherencia interna de los diferentes elementos necesarios para la obtención de los RA supone un reto para las instituciones de educación superior. Durante el curso 2012/13 se realizó un estudio en el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE) de Talavera, con los objetivos de analizar las guías docentes de las asignaturas para valorar la coherencia entre las competencias incluidas en la Memoria verificada por ANECA y las actividades de aprendizaje propuestas en la misma, así como facilitar el seguimiento del plan de estudios identificando las competencias que más se trabajan en las diferentes actividades de aprendizaje.

El presente estudio contribuye a detectar incoherencias en las guías docentes (GD) ofreciéndose la posibilidad de propuestas de mejora para los próximos cursos académicos. También se pone de manifiesto que las GD son un factor clave para garantizar la evaluación y mejora de la calidad de un plan de estudios.

El artículo se estructura en las siguientes partes: marco de evaluación y seguimiento de los grados; los RA como indicadores de coherencia en la implantación y seguimiento de un plan de estudios y, la experiencia en el Grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas de Talavera. Se finaliza analizando y discutiendo los resultados obtenidos y extrayendo las conclusiones del estudio.
La evaluación como instrumento de formación para el aprendizaje a través de los laboratorios remotos
Authors: Albert Gómez M. J. , García Pérez Calabuig M. , Díaz Orueta G.
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo proporciona información sobre el proceso de evaluación como instrumento de formación dentro del proyecto RIPLECS basado en sistemas de laboratorios remotos, metodologías de evaluación y aprendizaje permanente. El proyecto de investigación “Remote-labs access in Internet-based Performance-centred Learning Environment for currículum Support” tiene como objetivo la definición y desarrollo de una infraestructura basada en la telemática europea para la organización de los currículums a través de la práctica basada en laboratorios remotos (RIPLECS).

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la evaluación como instrumento de mejora para la formación a través del control de distintos indicadores que inducen en los resultados de aprendizaje relacionados con la formación en laboratorios remotos en el área de ingeniería electrónica, eléctrica y control. Se utilizaron diferentes métodos para la recopilación de datos: cuestionarios, entrevistas, revisión de pares y pruebas de rendimiento.

A través de la evaluación directa e indirecta se ha demostrado que el sistema RIPLECS, laboratorios remotos en los cursos virtuales mejoró la experiencia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Los estudiantes adquirieron nuevos conocimientos y habilidades que aumentarían sus posibilidades en el mercado laboral. A través de la evaluación se demostró que este sistema es fácil de usar, aprender y facilita la tarea. Se identificaron altas expectativas de los estudiantes con los laboratorios remotos mediante tecnologías emergentes innovadoras aplicadas al aprendizaje. 
Percepciones y expectativas del aprendizaje en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Soto Ortiz J. L. , Torres Gastelú C. A.
Published: July 2016

Este artículo plantea un esbozo de perfil del estudiante universitario considerando algunos aspectos inherentes al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción y las expectativas acerca del escenario de aprendizaje por parte del alumnado de la Universidad Veracruzana en México. El tipo de investigación es cualitativo y está conformado por 20 estudiantes distribuidos en cuatro grupos focales pertenecientes a dos regiones: Veracruz y Xalapa. Para la recolección de datos se grabaron las entrevistas de cada sesión y se transcribieron en formato digital para el analisis de contenido utilizando el software Qda Miner versión lite. Los resultados del estudio señalan la actitud y actualización docente como factor clave para el proceso de enseñanza, en tanto que las rutinas de estudio, la interacción docente-alumnos fomentan el aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes. Cabe destacar que no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de percepción y expectativas de los escenarios de aprendizaje a nivel de centro educativo. Finalmente los jóvenes universitarios enfatizan la necesidad de modificar el rol del docente como un acompañante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el cual permita dar respuesta puntual a las demandas de los estudiantes mejorando los aspectos de actitud, uso de nuevas tecnologías; asimismo destaca la necesidad de articular la evaluación final a lo largo del curso y no solamente tomar en cuenta el examen escrito.
Internet, tecnología y aplicaciones para la educación musical universitaria del siglo XXI
Authors: Casanova López O. , Serrano Pastor R. M.
Published: July 2016

Durante los cursos 2012-2013 y 2013-2014 se ha pretendido asentar las bases de un trabajo en equipo de profesorado universitario sobre la introducción tecnológica en el aula de música universitaria. La finalidad de este equipo ha sido integrar los recursos tecnológicos actuales, mediante la aplicación de nuevos modelos activos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en el día a día del aula, que permitan la mejora del propio proceso educativo universitario así como su aplicación a otros niveles de enseñanza en los que en un futuro el estudiante ejercerá en calidad de docente. Se presenta una experiencia innovadora enmarcada en la formación inicial del profesorado que busca analizar las posibilidades didácticas para la enseñanza musical que ofrece la tecnología, utilizando de manera educativa y reflexiva Internet, variadas herramientas, programas y aplicaciones que sirvan de apoyo a la enseñanza musical universitaria a la vez que modelo educativo para dichos estudiantes, futuros docentes. Se describe brevemente el proyecto de innovación desarrollado y se explicitan los diferentes programas y aplicaciones utilizados con la indicación de su potencial educativo. La investigación acción colaborativa y el análisis cualitativo han sido las metodologías principales que se han empleado en todo el proceso. Después del análisis de la experiencia realizada se concretan los beneficios y las dificultades encontradas en su integración en el aula, con el fin de que pueda servir de guía para otras experiencias futuras y en beneficio de la educación musical del siglo XXI.
Determinantes del rendimiento académico de los alumnos de una asignatura de Contabilidad: el caso de la USC
Authors: Durán Santomil P. , Maside Sanfiz J.M. , Rodeiro Pazos D. , Cantorna Agra S.
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo de investigación, con el fin de contribuir a la mejora de la calidad de la educación superior, hemos analizado el efecto que diversas variables tienen sobre el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se han utilizado los datos de una encuesta realizada,en el curso 2013-2014, a 168 alumnos de la materia “Contabilidad financiera I” que se imparte en segundo curso del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. En este trabajo la variable utilizada para medir el rendimiento académico es la nota final numérica del alumno en la asignatura y las técnicas estadísticas empleadas en el artículo son la regresión lineal múltiple y el análisis de los coeficientes de correlación lineal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la variable más significativa es la motivación, existiendo también una relación positiva con el número de horas dedicadas al estudio, observando además que las mujeres alcanzan un mayor rendimiento académico que los hombres. Sin embargo, no se encuentra relación con la nota de acceso a la universidad, la asistencia a clase o la utilización del campus virtual, entre otros. La principal conclusión del trabajo es que resulta fundamental conseguir una mayor motivación de los estudiantes, y en particular de los varones, de forma que voluntariamente aumenten las horas dedicadas al estudio para conseguir así mejorar el rendimiento académico.
La escritura académica en el posgrado: la perspectiva del estudiante. Un estudio de caso.
Authors: Vargas Franco Alfonso
Published: July 2016

En este artículo se describen y analizan las concepciones, puntos de vista y representaciones sobre la escritura académica de una estudiante de posgrado de una maestría en enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en una universidad pública colombiana. El propósito es evidenciar las dificultades y los logros que presenta la estudiante como escritora y cómo construye su identidad en una comunidad de discurso académica de posgrado que exige, como en ninguna otra etapa de la escolarización, una intensa y eficaz apropiación de la escritura académica. El diseño del estudio es etnográfico por cuanto que se privilegia la perspectiva del estudiante sobre la escritura académica. Los instrumentos de recolección de los datos fueron una entrevista semiestructurada, transcrita y analizada con los métodos del análisis del discurso, así como el problema de investigación en el proyecto del trabajo de grado de maestría, y cuya interpretación se hace también a través del análisis del discurso. Los primeros resultados del estudio evidencian que no existe una enseñanza explícita de la escritura académica en el posgrado descrito por la informante, que la escritura de la tesis es una actividad en la mayoría de los casos, solitaria, que no existe, además, una articulación entre el lugar de la escritura en los niveles de la escolaridad previos y el posgrado (maestría) y, finalmente, que la construcción de la escritura académica es un asunto complejo para su identidad.
Editorial
Authors: Salinas Dino
Published: July 2016

Editorial del número 14 (1)
Depletion of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury by plant uptake at Mt. Changbai, Northeast China
Authors: Fu Xuewu , Zhu Wei , Zhang Hui , Sommar Jonas , Yang Xu , Wang Xun , Lin Che-Jen , Feng Xinbin
Published: July 2016

Abstract. There exists observational evidence that GEM can be readily removed from the atmosphere via chemical oxidation followed by deposition in the polar and sub-polar regions, free troposphere, lower stratosphere, and marine boundary layer under specific environmental conditions. Here we report GEM depletions in a temperate mixed forest at Mt. Changbai, Northeast China. The depletion occurred exclusively at night during leaf-growing season and in the absence of GOM enrichment (GOM
Time Series Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave Measurements at K- and V-Bands
to Detect Temporal Changes in Water Vapor and Temperature Profiles
Authors: Panda Sibananda , Sahoo Swaroop , Pandithurai G.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Ground-based microwave measurements performed at water vapor and oxygen absorption line frequencies are widely used for remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor density and temperature profiles, respectively. This paper focuses on using time series of independent frequency measurements at K- and V-bands along with statistically significant short background data sets to sense temporal variations and gradients in water vapor and temperature proﬁles. To study this capability, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) had deployed a microwave radiometer from Radiometric Corporation at Mahabubnagar, Hyderabad during August 2011. In this study, time series of water vapor and temperature were retrieved using Bayesian optimal estimation method which uses Levenberg-Marquardt optimization technique. The temperature profile has been estimated using optimized background information covariance matrix for the first time to improve the accuracy of the retrieved profiles. Estimated water vapor and temperature profiles are compared with profiles of same parameters taken from the reanalysis data updated by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory. RMS errors are evaluated for the water vapor and temperature profiles for a month. It is found that water vapor and temperature profiles can be estimated with an acceptable accuracy by using a background information data set compiled over a period of one month.
High-resolution wave and hydrodynamics modelling in coastal areas:
operational applications for coastal planning, decision support and
assessment
Authors: Samaras Achilleas G. , Gaeta Maria Gabriella , Miquel Adrià Moreno , Archetti Renata
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Numerical modelling has become an essential component of today's coastal planning, decision support and risk assessment. High-resolution modelling offers an extensive range of capabilities regarding simulated conditions, works and practices and provides with a wide array of data regarding nearshore wave dynamics and hydrodynamics. In the present work, the open-source TELEMAC suite and the commercial software MIKE21 are applied to selected coastal areas of South Italy. Applications follow a scenario-based approach in order to study representative wave conditions in the coastal field; the models' results are intercompared in order to test both their performance and capabilities and are further evaluated on the basis of their operational use for coastal planning and design. A multiparametric approach for the rapid assessment of wave conditions in coastal areas is also presented and implemented in areas of the same region. The overall approach is deemed to provide useful insights on the tested models and the use of numerical models – in general – in the above context, especially considering that the design of harbours, coastal protection works and management practices in the coastal zone is based on scenario-based approaches as well.
Seeking an Angle of Repose in U.S. Business Organization Law: Fiduciary Duty Themes and Observations
Authors: Callison J. William
Published: July 2016

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Innovación social comunitaria: miradas a una experiencia de ocupación de vivienda
Authors: Herrera Gutiérrez María Rosa , Díaz Jiménez Rosa María , Rodríguez García María Jesús
Published: July 2016

Con este trabajo se busca reflexionar acerca del concepto de innovación social, interpelando su capacidad explicativa para la disciplina del Trabajo Social; para ello se pretende poner en diálogo algunos de los debates existentes en torno a este concepto y ofrecer unas dimensiones mínimas que permitan analizar las estrategias de innovación social que desarrollan ciertos colectivos afectados para responder a las necesidades sociales. Se trata de construir unas ‘gafas’ que permitan una mirada analítica a nuevas realidades y a las estrategias que desarrollan algunos colectivos sociales para resolver situaciones de vulnerabilidad severa. Finalmente se presenta un estudio de caso: una estrategia colectiva que pretende dar respuesta a problemas habitacionales severos y que se viene desarrollando en la ciudad de Sevilla, la Corrala Utopía. El artículo pone de relieve los elementos de innovación social comunitaria que produce la experiencia estudiada.
"Abhold, leid, gewillt"... ¿Son adjetivos? Estableciendo un corpus para un diccionario sintáctico alemán-español de adjetivos
Authors: Castell Andreu
Published: July 2016

Si se pretende elaborar un diccionario de adjetivos, ya sea este monolingüe o bilingüe, la primera tarea que se le impone al lexicógrafo es la de definir qué es un adjetivo, una cuestión que todavía hoy no ha sido resuelta satisfactoriamente. En alemán hay una serie de palabras que han sido descritas tradicionalmente como adjetivos en función exclusivamente predicativa, cuyo estatus como adjetivos es, sin embargo, cuestionado por algunos autores. En este artículo se trata de dilucidar si estas palabras realmente solo pueden aparecer en función predicativa, cómo se las describe en diccionarios y gramáticas y cuáles son sus principales correspondencias en español, a fin de decidir si deberían ser incluidas en un corpus destinado a la elaboración de un diccionario sintáctico de adjetivos alemán-español.
ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE SORORREATIVIDADE PARA Trypanosoma cruzi EM DOADORES DE SANGUE DA REGIÃO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Pedroso Débora , Dos Santos Cibele Velleda , Novicki Alexandre , Elisabeth Aires Berne Maria , Marreiro Villela Marcos
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho objetivou investigar os resultados da triagem sorológica para doença de Chagas (DCH) dos doadores do Banco de Sangue do município de Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de junho de 2001 a maio de 2011. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Sistema HEMOVIDA®, tendo por base 10.164 bolsas de sangue. Observou-se que 2,7% (272) das doações apresentaram sororreatividade para Trypanosoma cruzi, sendo esta a primeira causa de descarte das bolsas dentre as doenças infecciosas sorologicamente testadas. Entre as bolsas reagentes, 6,3% (17) também apresentaram resultados positivos para outros marcadores sorológicos: hepatite B (9 casos), hepatite C (4 casos), HTLV I/II (3 casos) e sífilis (1 caso). Embora os testes sorológicos confirmatórios e a caracterização da forma clínica sejam etapas relevantes realizadas em centros de referência, os resultados apontam elevado índice de sororreatividade na triagem para T. cruzi nesta área do estudo. Evidenciou-se que a via de transmissão transfusional de T. cruzi pode ocorrer na região noroeste do RS, não sendo permitida, portanto, nenhuma negligência quanto à obrigatoriedade do exame sorológico para DCH nos bancos de sangue.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE IL28B rs12979860 POLYMORPHISM AND THERAPY RESPONSE IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH GENOTYPE 1 OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL
Authors: Macedo Da Costa e Silva Ágabo , Aires Rodrigo Sebba , Da Silva Sueli Meira , Alves Dias De Matos Márcia , Dos Santos Carneiro Megmar Aparecida , Luci Rodrigues Lopes Carmen , Teles Sheila Araújo , Maria Bringel Martins Regina
Published: July 2016

Polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) relacionados ao gene IL28B têm sido associados à eliminação espontânea do vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e à resposta virológica sustentada (RVS) no tratamento da infecção pelo VHC. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre o SNP IL28B rs12979860 e a RVS em pacientes com hepatite C no Brasil Central. Um total de 101 pacientes crônicos monoinfectados com o genótipo 1 do VHC, tratados com interferon peguilado e ribavirina (PEG-IFN/RBV), foi estudado na cidade de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil Central. A análise de rs12979860 mostrou que o genótipo mais prevalente foi CT (57,4%), seguido por CC (23,8%) e TT (18,8%). A taxa global de 28,7% (IC 95%: 20,4-38,7) para a RVS foi encontrada na população estudada. Na análise multivariada, somente o genótipo CC para o SNP rs12979860 (OR: 3,77; IC 95%: 1,13- 12,60; p = 0,031) mostrou-se independente associado à RVS. Estes achados mostram que o SNP IL28B rs12979860 é um forte preditor de RVS no tratamento com PEG-IFN/RBV nos pacientes infectados com o genótipo 1 do VHC no Brasil Central.
COINFECÇÃO POR LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL E VÍRUS DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA HUMANA: UMA EVOLUÇÃO CLÍNICA DESFAVORÁVEL
Authors: Coelho Júnior Luilson Geraldo , Caroline Braga Rodrigues Lorrane , Borges Machado Gabrielly , Tavares De Figueiredo Estevão , Tolentino Marra Dos Reis Flávia , Gonçalves dos Reis Monteiro Maria Luíza , Beatriz Fiuza Favali Cecília , De Lima Beatriz Dolabela
Published: July 2016

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose endêmica na América Latina e 96% dos casos de LV são diagnosticados no Brasil. A coinfecção HIV-LV tem sido diagnosticada em áreas endêmicas e não endêmicas para LV. O aumento do número de casos de coinfecções em todo o mundo deve-se, em parte, à coincidência das áreas de circulação desses organismos. Deve-se ressaltar que a concomitância das duas infecções é potencialmente deletéria, portanto a associação dos dois patógenos constitui um desafio para o diagnóstico e controle da LV. A interação entre Leishmania e HIV é prejudicial, pois há o risco de progressão rápida de ambas as doenças por compartilharem mecanismos imunológicos semelhantes. Neste relato, é apresentado o caso de um paciente com infecção pelo HIV associada à LV, que evoluiu rapidamente para o óbito.
Examining School Counselors’ Commitments to Social Justice Advocacy
Authors: Feldwisch Rachel P. , Whiston Susan C.
Published: July 2016

Many school counselors endorse using social justice advocacy to close achievement gaps. In this study, school counselors from a single state scored in the moderate to high range on the Social Issues Advocacy Scale. Results showed alignment between school counselors’ self-endorsement of social justice advocacy and scores on the Advocacy Competencies Self-Assessment. School counselors working in recognized comprehensive programs, including Recognized ASCA Model Programs and Indiana Gold Star, scored higher on social justice advocacy measures than those in non-recognized programs.
Unusual case of stable dense deposit disease over 20 years
Authors: Vaidya Satyanarayana R , Bhavanam Chandana R , Gurram Ananda R
Published: July 2016

Dense deposit disease (DDD) is a prototypical form of C3 Glomerulopathy that affects both children and adults at a rate of 2 to 3 people per million. It often progresses to ESRD and recurs after Renal Transplantation. DDD presentation for 10 years or more is known to progress to ESRD in half of patients. We report a rare case of DDD which has been in clinical and histological remission for 14 years after treatment with Glucocorticoid therapy.
Analytical Assessment of Belief about Medicine among Patients with Hypertension: A Case Study on Patients Referred to Medical Centers
Authors: Arbabshastan Mohammad Edris , Arbabisarjou Azizollah , Zareban Iraj , Dehghan Mahlagha , Pakdel Saeed , Iranmanesh Sedigheh
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major health problems in many countries. Medicinal treatments and lifestyle modification have so far failed to effectively influence blood pressure control. Hence, this study intended to analytically assess the belief about medicine among hypertensive patients who referred to medical centers during 2015.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study. The population consisted of all patients who referred to health centers and doctors’ offices for internal medicine and heart diseases. The sample included a total of 400 hypertensive patients who were selected through convenience method sampling and purposeful. Data were collected through a questionnaire related to belief about medicine for hypertensive patients. The findings were analyzed through the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test through SPSS version 21.0

FINDINGS: Based on the results, more than half of the subjects believed that the medicines are generally addictive and harmful, and should be taken regularly while the natural and herbal remedies are safer. Furthermore, the majority of patients believed that doctors, who have too much confidence in the medicines, tend to over-prescribe. In fact, there was a significant relationship between certain demographic characteristics of the hypertensive patients and belief about medicines.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results suggested there is belief about medicine among seniors unlike most other populations. This can provide an opportunity for nurses, health care administrators, etc. to take improvement measures in the treatment of hypertensive patients.
A Faunistic Study on Scorpions and the Epidemiology of Scorpionism in Bam, Southeast of Iran
Authors: Nazari Mansour , Hajizadeh Mohsen
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Scorpions are arthropods of medical importance which are classified in Arachnida and commonly found in hot and dry environments. Notably, no extensive study has been conducted in Bam County in relation to research involving scorpions.

METHODS: The study was piloted from May to November 2013 in the identification of scorpion fauna and epidemiological survey of scorpions sting cases were completed from April 2008 to March 2012. Scorpion specimens were collected at night using UV light.

RESULTS: During the study, 390 scorpions were captured from different areas. The samples were identified and categorized; four identified genus and species belonged to the family Buthidea, namely Mesobuthus eupeus (73.1%), Orthochirus zagrosensis (23.8%), Androctonus crassicauda (1.8%) and Compsobuthus kaftani (1.3%). Accordingly, 512 patients were bitten by scorpion; 56% were male and 44% were female. This study revealed that the highest incidence of scorpion sting cases belonged to the 15-24 age group. The highest rate of scorpion stings cases were recorded in summer. With regards to the place of residence, 269 (52.5%) resided in rural districts and 243 (47.5%) abided in urban settings.

CONCLUSIONS: It is highly recommended that it is crucial to evaluate the possible relationship between all the stung patients and dangerous species specific to that region. 
Prevalence and Reasons for Consumption of Energy Drinks among Adolescents and Young Adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrasheedi Amani A.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate how frequently male and female school and university students consumed energy drinks, their reasons for drinking them, and the extent of their knowledge about the beverages.

METHODS: A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from 4355 students (ages 12-26 years).

RESULTS: Nearly 60% of the students consumed at least one can of an energy drink per week, and 63.3% drank two to four cans per week. Code Red was the most popular brand consumed (52.8%). Thirty-nine percent of the students consumed energy drinks in the afternoon, and 68.7% drank them because they enjoyed the flavor.

CONCLUSION: More than half of the participants consumed energy drinks at least once per week. Students’ knowledge and practices regarding energy drinks need improvement so they will understand the drinks’ contents and their impacts on health. Food labels should mention the total amount of caffeine and provide clear information to consumers about appropriate limits and the risks of excessive consumption.
Association between Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the Serum and Adipose Tissue with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fakhri Yadolah , Sheikhmohammadi Amir , Bay Abotaleb , Zandsalimi Yahya , Moradi Bigard , Avazpour Moayed , Moloudizargari Milad , Adel Milad , Mohseni Sayed Mohsen , Keramati Hassan
Published: July 2016

The number of diabetics is growing every day. In addition to the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes (obesity, age and etc.) other environmental risk factors such as persistent organic pollutants are also considered. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene is one of the persistent organic pollutants which are produced by the pesticide DDT metabolized and its effects of type 2 diabetes are taken into consideration of many investigators. Inconsistency in the results caused to try to achieve a detailed assessment of the effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene on type 2 diabetes by systematic review and meta-analysis. In this review study after a systematic review, finally 6 prospective and 7 cross-sectional studies were obtained. After approving the heterogeneity of the studies based on random effect model, it was calculate the mean of odds ratio. Meta-analysis of the pooled random effects of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene was done with type 2 diabetes in prospective and cross-sectional studies. In prospective studies, the highest and lowest odds ratio was 6.1(95%CI: 1.36-27.27) and 1.01(95%CI: 0.59-1.70) and cross-sectional studies was 5.5(95%CI: 1.2-25.10) and 0.61(95%CI: 0.32-1.15), respectively. In the all studies (sum of prospective and cross-sectional), in the random effect model odds ratio was 1.52 (95%CI: 1.26-1.84) and heterogeneity was 52.1% (ρheterogeneity=0.009). Increasing concentration of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the serum and adipose tissue increased the risk of type 2 diabetes significantly (P<0.001). The results of this review study support the role of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene as an environmental risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Lessons Learnt from Cerebrospinal Meningitis Outbreak Surveillance Data-A Case for Public Health Action
Authors: Omoleke Semeeh Akinwale , Alabi Olatunji , Usman Yakubu Bashar , Ijaya Kunle , Koko Abubakar Abubakar
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Outbreak of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) remains a major public health concern in Nigeria, particularly in northern Nigeria. The paper evaluates the effect of mass vaccination against cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in 2013 on the incidence rate in 2014 and 2015, and to document lessons learnt from field experiences of the meningitis epidemic surveillance in Kebbi State, North-west, Nigeria.

METHODS: The authors analysed cerebrospinal meningitis surveillance data generated from the routine integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) programme executed by the Ministry of Health with support from the World Health Organisation (WHO). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples via lumbar puncture procedures from a small proportion of all suspected cases that met the standard case definitions were collected, and then tested using the rapid agglutination test kits (Pastorex) at the state public health laboratory. The WHO supported the trained Local Government Areas Disease Surveillance and Notification Officers to ensure data quality.

RESULTS: A total of 544 and 1,992 cases were analysed in 2014 and 2015 respectively. In 2014, 14% CSF samples were taken and 55.1% tested positive to Neisseria meningitidis type C. Of all the cases in 2014, 14% were reported dead. Further, in 2015, 4% CSF samples were tested and 83% were positive to Neisseria meningitidis type C. Of the total 1,992 cases in 2015, 4% were reported dead. Gender and CSF sample testing significantly predicts survival in 2014 (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Desired political will and comprehensive epidemic prevention and control strategies are needed for effective control of seasonal outbreaks of CSM and other epidemic-prone diseases. Need for infrastructural and capacity development of hospital and state public health laboratories for adequate surveillance, testing of samples collected and effective case management cannot be over-emphasized.
Women’s Membership in Health Insurance and Correlation with Contraception Use in Indonesia
Authors: Misnaniarti Misnaniarti
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: One important effort in reducing the Maternal Mortality Rate is integration of Family Planning services into Health Insurance policy. This is giving affordability in health service financing through providing contraceptive accordance with established policy. The purpose of this study is to examine women’s participation in health insurance and correlations to contraception use.

MATERIAL & METHODS: The study used the 2012 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data-set. Samples were women aged 15 to 49 years, of married status or living together (n=33,465). The dependent variable was contraception used for three categories: Using Long Term Contraceptive, using non-Long Term Contraceptive, and not using any kind of contraception. Data analysis used Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression with complex sample.

RESULTS: 10.6% of women were found to have used a Long Term Contraception method. Health insurance membership has correlations to contraceptive use (OR=1.241 and 0.964, p<0.05, CI 95%), with confounder variables of age (p<0.05, OR=1.428 and 0.648), education (p<0.05, OR=1.402 and 1.064), work status (p<0.05, OR=1.151 and 0.966), parity (p<0.05, OR=3.114 and 1.685), perception of ideal number of children (p<0.05, OR=2.057 and 1.682), husband’s education (p<0.05, OR=0.166 and 0.920), husband's work (p<0.05, OR=1.247 and 2.469), and role of media (p<0.05, OR=1.255 and 1.084).

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS: This study was empirical evidence in Indonesia that health insurance factors have a significant correlation to Long Term Contraceptive use in women. It is recommended for government to maintain and improve policies that integrate Family Planning services into National Health Insurance. 
The Burden of ‘Nativeness’: Four Plurilingual Student-Teachers’ Stories
Authors: Cioè-Peña María , Moore Emilee , Martín Rojo Luisa
Published: July 2016

Oral history interviews conducted with four student-teachers in Bilingual Education or TESOL studies are analyzed. Despite being deconstructed in sociolinguistics and related fields, the ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ dichotomy emerges not only as salient in participants’ self-perceptions of linguistic competence, but also in feelings of unpreparedness for full participation in the teaching profession. Alternative categories are explored, including ‘legitimate’, ‘resourceful’ or ‘bi/plurilingual’ speaker, which may act in juxtaposition to that of ‘native’, or offer emancipatory ways forward. In line with critical pedagogy, for such alternative categories to empower, reimagining how linguistic competence is constructed in the teaching profession - through the appropriation of tools to critically deconstruct ‘nativeness’ – must engage the entire educational community.
“Broken Arabic” and Ideologies of Completeness: Contextualizing the Category of Native and Heritage Speaker in the University Arabic Classroom
Authors: Love Stephanie V.
Published: July 2016

Through weekly participant observations and eleven semi-structured interviews conducted with second-generation bilingual students in the Arabic for Native Speakers/Heritage Learners course at one of City University of New York’s (CUNY) senior colleges, I investigate the interdiscursive connections between the students’ notion of “broken Arabic” and the concept of “incomplete acquisition and/or attrition” (Montrul, 2013) from SLA research on heritage speakers. This paper moves away from the concept of proficiency towards performativity in order to recognize and support diverse repertoires in motion.
FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD NETWORK EXTRACTION USING MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATOR
Authors: Chinnathevar Sujatha , Dharmar Selvathi
Published: July 2016

In the remote sensing analysis, automatic extraction of road network from satellite or aerial images is the most needed approach for efficient road database creation, refinement, and updating. Mathematical morphology is a tool for extracting the features of an image that are useful in the representation and description of region shape. Morphological operator plays a significant role in the extraction of road network from satellite images. Most of the image processing algorithms need to handle large amounts of data, high repeatability, and general software is relatively slow to implement, so the system cannot achieve real-time requirements. In this paper, field programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture designed for automatic extraction of road centerline using morphological operator is proposed. Based on simulation and implementation, results are discussed in terms of register transfer level (RTL) design, FPGA editor and resource estimation. For synthesis and implementation of the above architecture, Spartan 3 XC3S400TQ144-4 device is used. The hardware implementation results are compared with software implementation results. The performance of proposed method is evaluated by comparing the results with ground truth road map as reference data and performance measures such as completeness, correctness and quality are calculated. In the software imple-mentation, the average value of completeness, correctness, and quality of various images are 90%, 96%, and 87% respectively. In the hardware implementation, the average value of completeness, correctness, and quality of various images are 87%, 94%, and 85% respectively. These measures prove that the proposed work yields road network very closer to reference road map.
Reconstruction of late spring phenophases in Poland and their response to climate change, 1951–2014
Authors: Czernecki Bartosz , Jabłońska Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

Phenology is primarily seen as an indicator of the impacts of climate change. The strongest biological signal of climatic change is revealed by phenological data from the period after 1990. Unfortunately, the Polish nationwide network of phenological monitoring was terminated in 1992, and was only reactivated in 2005. Here, we attempt to reconstruct late spring phenophases of flowering of Syringa vulgaris L. and Aesculus hippocastanum L. across several sites in Poland from 1951 to 2014 using the GIS-based approach (if observations from neighboring stations were available) and multiple regression modeling with stepwise screening and bootstrap resampling. It was found that the air temperature and its indices explain over 60% of the variance, giving an accuracy of 3.0–3.4 days (mean absolute error) and correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.78 for lilac and horse chestnut, respectively. Altogether, both plant species showed a statistically significant advancement in the onset of flowering with an average rate of 1.7 days per decade. We also found that the final trend is the result of rapid acceleration of the increase in air temperature after the 1990s, while most of the trends for late spring were ambiguous before that period.