bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Readability in the Canadian Tax System
Authors: Jackson Colin
Published: May 2024

This paper reports the results of a readability analysis of various parts of the Canadian tax system, with a particular focus on Canada’s income tax. The results indicate that Canada’s Income Tax Act is significantly more difficult to read than the taxation statutes of several comparable jurisdictions and more difficult to read than other Canadian legislation governing economic relationships. The guidance published by the Canada Revenue Agency for the use of tax professionals and the public appears more accessible. While it may be hoped that the statutory provisions that apply to low- and middle-income individuals would be more readable than the Income Tax Act as whole, the study found evidence to the contrary. Although the readability of the statute can only be one part of a program toward making the tax system more accessible, this paper argues that it is a project worth pursuing.
High Time for Change: Combatting the Black Market for Cannabis in Canada
Authors: Noonan Nick
Published: May 2024

On October 17, 2018, Canada legalized the recreational possession and use of cannabis federally under the Cannabis Act. The Cannabis Act states goals of protecting young people from cannabis, reducing and deterring illicit activities in relation to cannabis, and providing the public with access to a supply of legal, quality-controlled cannabis. Despite this, the black market for cannabis has remained strong and persistent, with research indicating that the black market accounted for approximately 71-86% of cannabis sales in the first year of legalization. This paper will explore how and why Canada’s criminal black market for cannabis continues to function after legalization, and what measures can be taken to counteract it.
Canada’s illicit black market for cannabis continues to function as the by-product of a reprobate stew of mail-order and traditional cannabis dealers, who operate in a difficult-to-enforce periphery of the Cannabis Act. They continue to flourish by offering cheaper, higher quality, and more available cannabis, functioning as a better-run business outside of the stringent regulatory requirements of the licit market, particularly in packaging and marketing requirements.
This paper will recommend that licit retailers and the government must take several decisive steps to combat this. First, amend the Canada Post Corporation Act. Second, be a better business generally by offering lower cost, higher quality cannabis that is consistently available in stores. Third, introduce affordable cannabis options to directly address price-sensitive consumers. Fourth, engage in consumer education. Fifth, loosen marketing restrictions on legal cannabis retailers. Sixth, pass legislation to better utilize the banking and financial sector to trace and flag bank accounts associated with illegal cannabis sales.
The Slow Death of the Reasonable Steps Requirement for the Mistake of Age Defence
Authors: Grant Isabel
Published: May 2024

This article examines the demise of the “all reasonable steps” requirement in s. 150.1(4) of the Criminal Code which limits an accused’s ability to assert a mistaken belief in age as a defence to sexual offences against children where he has failed to take such steps. The article demonstrates that the Court of Appeal for Ontario in R v Carbone has rendered this requirement meaningless in Ontario. Even where the Crown has met its burden to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused did not take “all reasonable steps” to ascertain age, the Crown must still go on and prove mens rea as to the fact that the complainant was under the age of consent. The article argues that, where there is no suggestion that a legislative provision is unconstitutional, courts should not use statutory interpretation to effectively read a legislative provision out of existence, especially where it was intended to protect children from sexual contact with adults.
The Availability of the Common Law Defence of Duress to Principals Charged with Murder: An Analysis of the Conflicting Appellate Decisions in R v Willis (TAW) and R v Aravena
Authors: Tanha Robert
Published: May 2024

The topic of whether an accused charged as a party to murder can access the common law defence of duress has been a controversial subject in Canada. Unlike in Britain where the House of Lords in R v Howe categorically decided to deny the common law defence to all parties to the offence of murder, the law in Canada has been more hospitable to offenders charged with murder. Aiders and abettors and those charged under the common intention provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada are given access to the defence. The question of whether a principal to murder has access to the common law defence of duress has not yet been decided by the Supreme Court of Canada. In R v Aravena, the Court of Appeal for Ontario was inclined to the view that the defence be extended to principals to murder to give effect to the Charter principle of moral involuntariness. However, in a subsequent decision, R v Willis (TAW), the Court of Appeal for Manitoba refused to follow Aravena, finding that the denial of the common law defence of duress to principals to murder, as provided for in s. 17 of the Criminal Code, was constitutional, based on a proper understanding and application of the principle of moral involuntariness. The Supreme Court of Canada refused leave from the decisions in both Aravena and Willis, leaving the law of duress confused and unsettled as between these two appellate decisions. In this article, it will be argued that there are five reasons to prefer the holding in Aravena to the holding in Willis.
A Tale of Two Countries: Constitutionalizing the Mandatory Minimum Sentence
Authors: Moen Bryton M. P.
Published: May 2024

Mandatory minimum sentences have always played a role in Canadian criminal law, and indeed, in the common law of the United Kingdom (UK). Parliament, especially in recent years, drastically expanded the use of mandatory minimum sentencing, calling for higher sentences to be imposed on offenders. This has resulted in a corresponding increase in challenges to the constitutionality of that legislation, specifically alleging that the impugned mandatory sentences infringe an individual’s right to be free from cruel and unusual treatment or punishment. However, these challenges are often based on an imagined offender, or a reasonable hypothetical, rather than the offender before the court. 
The UK also imposes mandatory minimum sentences, including for firearms offences. Moreover, the mandatory sentences in the UK call for significantly more severe sentences than the sentences that Canadian courts struck down as being cruel and unusual punishment. This article, therefore, looks at the firearms laws of the UK and how they have structured the mandatory minimum sentence for firearm offences. The provisions in the UK mandating minimum sentences for particular offences contain an “escape clause” which permits judges to deviate from the mandatory minimum sentence in “exceptional circumstances.” As a result, judges in the UK must deal with the offender and the facts of the case before them, rather than a reasonable hypothetical scenario. This article argues that Parliament’s incorporation of similar language in Canadian sentencing provisions would have two salutary effects: (1) placing the emphasis on the offender before the court, thereby eliminating the reasonable hypothetical and (2) restoring the role of Parliament in providing guidance on sentences while preserving the role of the judiciary to craft a sentence for each offender which does not violate our constitutional principles.
Regulating Adult Use of Cannabis in South Africa: International Law, Foreign Models, and Contextual Realism
Authors: Khiba Motselisi , Hutchison Andrew
Published: May 2024

Regulating Adult Use of Cannabis in South Africa: International Law, Foreign Models, and Contextual Realism
Principles of Interpretation as Applied to Corporate Articles: A Comment on Rogers v Rogers Communications Inc.
Authors: Hutchison Camden
Published: May 2024

Principles of Interpretation as Applied to Corporate Articles: A Comment on Rogers v Rogers Communications Inc.
Review of An Alternative Approach to Family Business: A Theory of SocioMaterial Weaving by Mona Ericson
Authors: James Albert , Tetzlaff Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Review of An Alternative Approach to Family Business: A Theory of SocioMaterial Weaving by Mona Ericson
Criminal Records for Marijuana Possession: Is Eligibility for a Pardon Enough?
Authors: Fehr Colton
Published: May 2024

Criminal Records for Marijuana Possession: Is Eligibility for a Pardon Enough?
“I am a Corporation and I Committed a Crime, I Can’t Go Bankrupt”: Recent Cases on the Intersection of Organizational Criminal Liability and Bankruptcy
Authors: MacPherson Darcy
Published: May 2024

“I am a Corporation and I Committed a Crime, I Can’t Go Bankrupt”: Recent Cases on the Intersection of Organizational Criminal Liability and Bankruptcy
IP, Encryption, and the Threat to Public Safety
Authors: Malone Matt
Published: May 2024

IP, Encryption, and the Threat to Public Safety
Taken for Grant-ed: Assessing the Short-Comings of the Grant Test’s Application to the Evidence Obtained from Personal Devices
Authors: Ogden Lauren-Jean
Published: May 2024

Taken for Grant-ed: Assessing the Short-Comings of the Grant Test’s Application to the Evidence Obtained from Personal Devices
Knocking Should Be the Norm, Not the Exception – Evaluating the Need for Reform to the Use of Dynamic Entries in Canada
Authors: Fonesca Keenan
Published: May 2024

Knocking Should Be the Norm, Not the Exception – Evaluating the Need for Reform to the Use of Dynamic Entries in Canada
Pemanfaatan Down Flow Sand Filter Sebagai Pengolah Kualitas Air Sungai Berampes Di Desa Setanggor, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah (Tahap Instalasi dan Uji Fungsi Alat)
Authors: Setiawan Ery , Supriyadi Anid , Sulistiyono Heri , Budianto Muh. Bagus , Hartana  , Pracoyo Atas , Agastya Dewandha Mas , Dewi Evrianti  Syntia , Sari Nopia Puspita
Published: May 2024

Desa Setanggor dilewati oleh sebuah sungai yaitu Sungai Berampes yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penyediaan air di musim kering melalui pengolahan kualitas air. Sebagian besar masyarakat di Desa Setanggor Kecamatan Praya Barat belum memanfaatkan dan terlayani oleh jaringan air bersih PDAM sehingga memanfaatkan air dari sumur bor komunal sebagai penghasil air baku sehari-hari. Namun, karena beberapa keterbatasan teknis dan non-teknis menyebabkan ketidakcukupan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari masyarakat sekitar. Akibatnya sebagian masyarakat mengalami kekurangan air bersih terutama di masa kemarau panjang. Hasil instalasi dan uji fungsi alat menggunakan sampel air dari sungai Berampes menghasilkan 4 dari 5 nilai parameter kualitas air yang sesuai dengan standar dari Permenkes 32/2017, kecuali temperatur. Oleh karena itu, disarankan lokasi dan waktu pengambilan sampel air serta perlakuan pra-pengujian mendapatkan perhatian dan porsi khusus dalam proses pengujian, selain jenis material gradasi partikel penyaringnya.
Evaluación de un recubrimiento comestible biodegradable sobre la calidad del chile habanero
Authors: Vargas y Vargas María de Lourdes , Mayorga-Patrón María de los Ángeles , Tamayo-Cortez Jorge , Toledo-López Víctor
Published: May 2024

Esta investigación presentó como objetivo mantener la calidad y vida de anaquel del Capsicum chinense Jacq. var. habanero, mediante el desarrollo y aplicación de un recubrimiento comestible inocuo, amigable con el ambiente y económico a base de agar y de extracto de cáscara de mango como una alternativa potencial de tratamiento poscosecha para el chile habanero por ser un fruto perecedero y susceptible a deterioro fisiológico. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el año 2021, en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán. Al recubrimiento se le realizaron pruebas de solubilidad, humedad, opacidad, capacidad antioxidante y biodegradabilidad, en tanto que, a los chiles habaneros con recubrimiento se les evaluaron los parámetros de textura, acidez, humedad, contenido de polifenoles totales, vitamina C, capsaicina y capacidad antioxidante. Los resultados mostraron que los chiles con recubrimiento y almacenados a 4 °C presentaron una mayor vida de anaquel y se observó un efecto significativo del recubrimiento sobre los parámetros de textura, contenido de capsaicina y en el porcentaje de inhibición de radicales libres, lo que lo convierte en una tecnología apropiada para la conservación del chile habanero.
Pengaruh Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pengangguran, Dan Pendidikan Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Garut (Tahun 2012-2021)
Authors: Aulya Avianty Rahayu  , Ria Haryatiningsih
Published: May 2024

Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu fenomena penyakit ekonomi makro yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Kemiskinan merupakan suatu keadaan dimana seorang individu atau sekelompok orang yang tidak mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya. Salah satu indikator utama keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi yaitu laju penurunan tingkat penduduk miskin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh laju pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengangguran, dan pendidikan terhadap kemiskinan di Kabupaten Garut. Pada tahun 2021 Kabupaten Garut merupakan salah satu kabupaten dengan jumlah penduduk miskin terbanyak diantara kabupaten lainnya di Jawa Barat. Kabupaten Garut menempati posisi ke dua jumlah penduduk miskin terbanyak setelah Kabupaten Bogor yaitu sebanyak 281,4 ribu jiwa penduduk miskin.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Analisis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan variabel laju pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengangguran, dan pendidikan sebagai variabel independen dan kemiskinan sebagai variabel dependen. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berdasarkan time series yang tersedia di situs resmi Badan Pusat Satatistika Kabupaten Garut periode tahun 2012-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) laju pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Kabupaten Garut; (2) Pengangguran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Kabupaten Garut; (3) Pendidikan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Kabupaten Garut.
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) pada UMKM dalam Program Desa Mart di Desa Ciburuy Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Silvia Irawati  , Asnita Frida B. R. Sebayang
Published: May 2024

Penerimaan teknologi merupakan tolak ukur bagaimana seseorang menerima suatu teknologi untuk mempermudah pekerjaannya. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan identifikasi pada lima variabel TAM yaitu kemudahan, kemanfaatan, sikap, minat menggunakan dan penggunaan yang sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persepsi penerimaan Pelaku UMKM di Desa Ciburuy terhadap penggunaan Desa Mart. Desa Mart merupakan salah satu e-commerce yang digunakan di desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 67 Pelaku UMKM di Desa Ciburuy yang aktif menggunakan Desa Mart, sampel yang diambil yakni 60 responden dari Pelaku UMKM di Desa Ciburuy yang aktif menggunakan Desa Mart. Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis Partial Least Square SEM (PLS-SEM). Peneliti menggunakan software SmartPLS 4.0.8.5 untuk olah data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Pelaku UMKM di Desa Ciburuy yang menggunakan Desa Mart membuktikan bahwa mereka sudah menerima dengan baik hadirnya Desa Mart, meskipun pada penerapannya terdapat pengguna yang masih merasa kesulitan dalam menggunakan Desa Mart. Tetapi meskipun begitu, Pelaku UMKM di Desa Ciburuy memiliki minat yang sangat besar untuk menggunakan Desa Mart, karena mereka telah merasakan manfaat dari melakukan penjualan menggunakan Desa Mart, yaitu dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penjualan, mempermudah bertemu dengan pelanggan baru dan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas penjualan.
Biaya Transaksi Industri Bordir Kecamatan Kawalu Kota Tasikmalaya (Studi kasus: PT.TPM)
Authors: Ikhsan Asyaufi Ramadani  , Nurfahmiyati
Published: May 2024

Kota Tasikmalaya merupakan salah satu kota pusat perdagangan yang cukup terkenal di Jawa Barat, khususnya industry bordir. PT. TPM adalah industry bordir yang memiliki nilai investasi terbesar di Kota Tasikmalaya. Namun, dalam industry, terdapat biaya-biaya yang dpaat mengurangi pendapatan perusahaan, salah satunya biaya transaksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan biaya transaksi PT. TPM dan mengetahui factor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi besaran biaya transaksi. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer dengan metode analisis wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Determinan biaya transaksi yang ditemukan di PT. TPM pada atribut perilaku actor adalah biaya transportasi, biaya pulsa/internet, biaya transfer, dan biaya uang makan. Biaya perizinan tidak ditemukan. Selanjutnya, determinan biaya transaksi yaitu biaya risiko] yang ditemukan meliputi biaya jika bahan baku tidak sesuai, dan biaya fluktuasi harga. Biaya jika bahan baku terlambat tidak ditemukan, karena perusahaan mengatasi solusi tersebut dengan cara mengganti rencana produksi, sehingga tidak mengeluarkan biaya. Selain itu, determinan biaya transaksi biaya pelaksanaan yang ditemukan adlaah biaya upah tenaga kerja, biaya distribusi, biaya perawatan mesin, dan biaya upah lembur. (2) factor yang menyebabkan besaran biaya transaksi PT. TPM adalah kondisi ekonomi yang Kembali normal sehingga jumlah produksi meningkat setiap tahun. Hal ini menyebabkan kenaikan pada biaya transaksi PT. TPM.
Navigating the pandemic: A critical perspective on COVID-19 responses in Central America
Authors: Gutiérrez-Murillo Roberth Steven , Krieger Grossi Patricia , Kuhl Svoboda Walfrido
Published: May 2024

Following the World Health Organization’s declaration of the new coronavirus as a pandemic, nations had to act swiftly to draft effective strategies for the prevention and containment of COVID-19. International literature highlights a range of approaches taken by countries, with varying degrees of success, as measured by the quality and responsiveness of their public health systems. This brief perspective proposes a critical-gerontological reflection on the Central American countries, highlighting the divergent regional approaches to the pandemic that resulted in unequal figures between nations. Despite the intention to face the health challenge collectively, varying governmental positions had a direct impact on the health of the older population. Costa Rica and Panama responded similarly to the crisis, showcasing their better social and health scenarios compared to their peers. The Central American approach to public health was tailored to the political ideology of each country, rather than adhering to the common objectives set by the regional integration scheme in place. Despite the pandemic posing a challenge, the region remains committed to building universal, equitable, and comprehensive public health for older people.
Enhancing Concrete Properties Using Silica Fume: Optimized Mix Design
Authors: Ali Abed Ammar , Kamal Ibtisam , Mojtahedi Alireza
Published: May 2024

In the current work, concrete mixes containing (7.0-33.11) weight % silica fume as a partial replacement of cement with a water /cement ratio (0.42-0.48) were prepared according to an adopted two factorial central composite design. The samples were tested, optimized, and modeled for compressive strength and density.  The estimated results confirmed that compressive strength and density increase with increasing silica fume content up to 11.9 wt.%. Response surface analysis results confirmed that silica fume concrete with developed compressive strength (53.42 MPa) could be prepared by incorporation of 11.9 wt. % silica fume as partial replacement of cement using 0.42 water/cement ratio. An increase in compressive strength and density (up to  39.3% and  2.6% ) respectively was recorded for silica fume concrete mixes compared to Portland cement concrete. Overall, the research findings revealed that silica fume concretes prepared with appropriate silica fume content and water/cement ratio exhibited superior strength and density characteristics candidate them to be used effectively in civil engineering applications.
Screening and molecular identification of l-asparaginase producing bacteria with ansB gene from sewage water
Authors: Shreya Tiwari  , Rakesh Mehta  , Ragini Gothalwal  , Laxmikant Pandey
Published: May 2024

Enzymes are vital biocatalysts facilitating biochemical reactions in organisms, playing pivotal roles in both biological systems and numerous industrial applications. This study focuses on the isolation and screening of asparaginase-producing bacteria from sewage water samples in Bhopal City. A modified M9 media, supplemented with asparagine and phenol red, was used to isolate asparaginase-producing bacteria. Out of the ten samples, seven exhibited asparaginase activity. Two bacterial strains, identified as Bacillus tropicus (S-1) and Priestiaveravalensis (S-2), were found to harbor the ansB gene. Sequence analysis revealed a 96.52% and 95.09% resemblance to Bacillus tropicus MCCC 1A01406 and Priestiaveravalensis strain SGD-V-76, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of these bacterial strains in producing L-asparaginase, emphasizing their significance in pharmaceutical applications, particularly in cancer treatment.
Transthoracic echocardiography evaluation of double outlet left ventricle: Unique case report and review of literature
Authors: Akhil Mehrotra  , Faiz Illahi Siddiqui  , Ujala Shakya  , Mohammad Shaban
Published: May 2024

Double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is a rare cardiac malformation in which both great arteries originate from the morphological left ventricle. DOLV is associated with high mortality, generally due to heart failure, myocardial infarction, or aortic thrombosis. With surgery, the 5-year survival rate is estimated at 70%–75%. Most patients will continue to present with residual cardiac anomalies, such as aortic or mitral valve regurgitation, arrhythmias, or hypertension. We are reporting a complex case of cyanotic congenital heart disease in a 5 month old female infant suffering from DOLV, who presented to us with recurrent chest infections and bluish colouration of skin.
Analisis Mikrobiologi Pada Produk Garam yang Diproduksi Oleh PT.UNIChemCandi Indonesia Berdasarkan Regulasi DI Indonesia SNI dan BPOM
Authors: Putri Vita Maulidah , Prayitno Sutrisno Adi , Putri Silvy Novita Antrisna
Published: May 2024

Garam yang berkualitas harus memenuhi standar keamanan  yang telah ditetapkan di Indonesia yaitu berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (Per-BPOM). Keamanan pangan pada suatu produk dapat terpenuhi salah satunya dengan menerapkan Cara Produksi Pangan yang Baik (CPPB).Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan mikroorganisme pada garam dan membandingkan dengan standar yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan SNI dan Per-BPOM. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis mikrobiologi menunjukkan bahwa garam yang diuji dengan parameter Bacillus cereus, Enterobacteriaceae, dan Clostridium perfringens adalah <1x yang artinya garam yang diuji tidak melebihi batas yang ditentukan berdasarkan SNI 7388-2009 dan per-BPOM No 13 Tahun 2019 yang ditunjukkan setelah inokulasi bahwa tidak ada petumbuhan koloni bakteri pada msaing-masing media selektif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pertumbuhan mikroorganisme pada garam yang diproduksi PT.UNIChemCandi Indonesia sehingga garam telah memenuhi standar keamanan pangan dan aman dikonsumsi.
Okulöncesi Otizmli Çocukların Postür ve Yürüyüş Özelliklerinin Akranları ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Yanardağ Fisun
Published: May 2024

Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan okulöncesi çocukların postür ve yürüyüş bozukluklarını inceleyerek OSB’li olmayan akranlarıyla karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 15 OSB’li ve 10 OSB’li olmayan, 4-7 yaş arasında çocuk dahil edilmiştir. OSB’li çocukların otizmden etkilenme düzeyi Gilliam Otizm Derecelendirme Ölçeği (GARS-2) ile belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların uzamsal-zamansal yürüyüş özellikleri (yürüyüş hızı, kadens, adım ve çift adım uzunluğu, tek ve çift ayak destek yüzeyi, duruş ve sallanma fazı süresi ve ayak basma açıları) 8 metrelik elektronik yürüyüş parkurunda altı tekrar alınarak değerlendirilmiştir (GaitRite 739P). Ayrıca katılımcıların gözler açık, ayaktayken denge ve ağırlık merkezi ölçümleri bilgisayarlı dinamik postürografi (Smart Balance Master, NeuroCom) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırma ve kontrol grubu arasında yaş, vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunlukları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p0,05). Yürüyüşün uzamsal-zamansal parametreleri bakımından araştırma ve kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p0,05). OSB’li çocuklar mediolateral yönde daha fazla salınım gösterse de bu fark anlamlı düzeyde değilken (p0,05), denge puanları akranlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur (p=0,026). Otizmden etkilenme derecesi ile denge ve yürüyüş puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p0,05). Tartışma: Otizmden etkilenen çocuklarda ortaya çıkabilecek yürüyüş ve denge gibi temel motor sorunların varlığını okulöncesi dönemde tespit etmek üzere bilgisayar temelli ölçümlerle objektif değerlendirmek erken müdahale için yararlı olup otizm semptomlarının daha yoğun olduğu çocuklarda muhtemel postür ve yürüyüş anormallikleri okul çağında takip edilmelidir.
Archive, Architecture, and the Politics of Memory in Josephus’s Jewish Antiquities 12 and Antiochus III’s Edicts for Jerusalem
Authors: Portier-Young Anathea E.
Published: May 2024

The essay analyzes the edicts of Antiochus III concerning Jerusalem (Ant. 12.138–46) within two contextual horizons: Ant. 12 and Jerusalem after the Fifth Syrian War. A dichotomous understanding of resistance and collaboration is inadequate to explain the dossier’s functions. Between these poles were mediation, survival, reassembly, and redrawing of boundaries. A key to each was reshaping of political memory. In Ant. 12 the dossier contributed to an archival record of benefaction, loyalty, and respect that provided precedent and warrant for imperial grant of honor, status, and privileges to Judeans in the Roman empire. In the context of Jerusalem after the Fifth Syrian War, the edicts aimed to assert material evidence of imperial beneficence and glory in place of imperial aggression and the ravages of war. They also helped position Jerusalem within the empire’s provincial urban network and furnished a script for local agency and resilience in the wake of trauma.
Forgetting the Seleucids
Authors: Avneri Meir Rotem
Published: May 2024

The place given to Antiochus III’s first edict for Jerusalem (Ant. 12.138–44) in the historiography of Hellenistic period Judea and Judaism, the Maccabean revolt, and the Hasmonean state is exceptional. But this is an internal Seleucid document that is absent of any local Judean perspectives, and in fact does not contain the actual instrument of royal benefaction. In recent years there has been a growing realization that empire and imperial rule relied on the acceptance of local elites that was guaranteed through negotiation. This paper traces Antiochus III’s Judean elite negotiants and the ways in which this decree was received and employed in Judea in Ben Sira, 1 and 2 Maccabees. It thus restores a local perspective to this crucial moment in Jewish history.
Skrining Hipotiroid Kongenital (SHK) Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Tajurhalang Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Munir Rindasari , Kusmiati Meti , Fauziah Nurul Azmi , Ningrum Anggun Setia
Published: May 2024

According to WHO, in several developed countries such as America, Japan, Australia and Europe, since 197-, neonatal screening programs for hypothyroidism have been implemented so as to reduce the occurrence of mental retardation in children (Apriliani et al., 2021). Symptoms of hypothyroidism in newborns are usually not very obvious and congenital hypothyroidism can cause severe mental retardation unless therapy is received early, so a congenital hypothyroid (HK) screening examination is very important to do(Apriliani et al., 2021). Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening is effective 48-72 hours after birth(Ida Bagus Eka Utama Wija, 2020). Based on the pre and post test scores from 30 participants, it was found that there was an increase in the good category in knowledge with an average score of 1.7 to 3.00, meaning that the counseling was successfully implemented.There needs to be awareness of pregnant women, where the task of building awareness is held by health workers, so it is hoped that health agencies which are already required to run the SHK program will be more aggressive and package their invitations to pregnant women well.
Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Bawah Fly Over Kota Medan Sebagai Taman Kota
Authors: Wisdianti Dara , . Novalinda , Rangkuty Dewi Mahrani , Prasetya Muhammad Rafly
Published: May 2024

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk merubah persepsi yang umumnya berkembang di kalangan masyarakat terhadap ruang terbuka di bawah fly over. Selama ini, ruang tersebut sering dianggap sebagai tempat kumuh yang dijadikan lokasi pembuangan sampah liar, atau bahkan menjadi tempat berkumpulnya preman dan gelandangan. Hal ini menghasilkan citra negatif yang mengelilingi area tersebut. Melalui pengabdian ini, upaya dilakukan untuk mengubah pandangan masyarakat terhadap ruang terbuka tersebut dan mengilhami mereka untuk melihat potensi yang ada. Pusat perhatian dalam pengabdian ini adalah konsep mengubah ruang terbuka di bawah fly over menjadi sebuah taman kota yang ramah masyarakat, yang dapat digunakan sebagai tempat berkumpul, berkegiatan, dan berinteraksi bagi masyarakat sekitarnya. Kegiatan pengabdian ini mencakup sosialisasi yang dilakukan kepada masyarakat sekitar tentang alternatif desain yang mungkin diimplementasikan dalam memanfaatkan ruang tersebut. Dengan pendekatan ini, masyarakat diajak untuk ikut serta dalam merancang taman kota yang diinginkan, sehingga proyek ini tidak hanya menjadi suatu inisiatif dari pihak eksternal, tetapi juga melibatkan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat setempat. Hasil akhir dari pengabdian ini adalah berupa simulasi alternatif desain taman bawah fly over yang dihasilkan melalui kolaborasi antara para ahli desain dan masyarakat. Simulasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi gambaran nyata tentang potensi perubahan yang dapat terjadi dalam ruang terbuka tersebut, serta mendorong masyarakat untuk mendukung dan terlibat dalam upaya mengubahnya menjadi sebuah aset yang bernilai bagi komunitas setempat. Dengan demikian, pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan perubahan positif yang berkelanjutan dan merangsang pemanfaatan ruang terbuka publik yang lebih baik
Staying the Course in the Balkans
Authors: Bell Randall , Bell Joan
Published: May 2024

In the midst of culture shock, war, and difficult ministry situations, God's call and faithfulness kept the Bells serving him in missions for over 30 years.
Podcast Review. Resiliency
Authors: Smith Melanie
Published: May 2024

Resiliency is a podcast that follows hosts Steve Findley and Silas West as they interview field workers and the Christian experts who support them. They cover a myriad of topics such as marriage and family, health and wellness, language learning, and community development all for the purpose of encouraging field workers to continue on in the work to which the Lord has called them. Building and maintaining resiliency is the goal of Resiliency, and it is a helpful resource for both new and seasoned field workers.
Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of the e-sports industry in China
Authors: Zhu Yixin , Yang Zhenshan , Cheng Zhe
Published: May 2024

The emergence and development of new industry play a key role in regional development and economic growth. This study explores the e-sports industry evolution, a typical cross-sector new industry, through a theoretical lens of the evolutionary economic geography (EEG) based on Chinese e-sports industry enterprise data between 1998–2018 and examines the influencing factor by multivariate regression. Results show e-sports industry development is a typical evolutionary process that combines spin-off, path creation, spatial evolution, and firms’ network. Furthermore, the e-sports industry is characterized by the integration of the sports and creative industries. However, technology correlated-based knowledge spillover from culture and sports does not significantly impact the e-sports industry, whereas the knowledge spillover from the information software industry promotes e-sports industry development. The regression result also confirms that the institution and culture significantly impact the industrial development. This study enriches the knowledge body of evolutionary economic geography from case studies of the e-sports industry, and also expands the existing study system of emerging industries.
Carcass locations implicate cyanobacterial toxicity in a mass elephant mortality event in Botswana
Authors: Lomeo Davide , Tebbs Emma , Babayani Nlingisisi , Chadwick Michael , Gondwe Mangaliso , Jungblut Anne , McCulloch Graham , Songhurst Anna , Morgan Eric , Schillereff Daniel , Simis Stefan
Published: May 2024

The 2020 mass mortality of 350 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Botswana sparked global concern. These deaths have been linked to cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) in local watering holes (pans), but evidence remains inconclusive. Our study presents the first detailed spatial analysis that explores the relationship between the ecohydrology of 3,389 regional pans with the locations of deceased elephants. Our findings reveal a significant difference in the distribution of fresh versus older elephant carcasses (p < 0.001), suggesting that the die-off event deviates from typical regional patterns of elephant deaths. We identified twenty pans near the sites of fresh carcasses that experienced more phytoplankton (microalgae or cyanobacteria) bloom events in 2020 (n = 123) compared to the previous 3 years combined (n = 23), exhibiting the highest average phytoplankton biomass of the period 2015-2023 (Normalised Difference Chlorophyll Index > 0.2; p < 0.001). These findings suggest a high risk and likelihood of cyanotoxins as the poisoning source. Our spatial analysis indicates elephants walked an average of 16.5 km (± 6.2 km) and died within 88 hours (± 33 hours) from initial exposure, offering metrics that were previously unknown for elephants. This study presents important new evidence that implicates cyanobacterial toxicity in the 2020 mass die-off and provides a general framework for investigation of future mortality events of large mammals. We underscore the need to integrate spatial analysis and ecohydrological assessments to better monitor and mitigate animal mortality events and inform conservation strategies.
Incremental Impact of a Suicide Ideation Diagnosis on Veteran Suicide Risk: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Pallas John
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the incremental impact of a suicide ideation diagnosis on the risk of death by suicide and suicide attempt among military veterans. Using data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the study will construct two matched groups of veterans - one group with a recorded diagnosis of suicide ideation during a psychotherapy visit, and one without such a diagnosis. Propensity score matching will be used to derive the groups, balancing them on known risk factors for suicide ideation, such as demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and health service utilization. Conditional logistic regression will then be applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios of death by suicide and suicide attempt between the two groups at 1-year and 5-year follow-up periods. The results will provide clinical guidance regarding the incremental risk associated with patients' communication of suicide ideation to a provider, relative to similar patients who do not communicate such thoughts. This incremental risk estimate can inform risk assessment and treatment planning when suicide ideation is expressed during clinical encounters. The study uses a novel matched design to address an important gap in the suicide literature regarding the prognostic significance of communicated suicide ideation.
Anxiety and performance in high-achieving adolescents: associations among 8 general and specific anxiety measures and 13 school grades
Authors: Likhanov Maxim , Alenina Evgeniia , Bloniewski Tomasz , Zhou Xinlin , Kovas Yulia
Published: May 2024

The current study explores anxiety-academic performance associations across eight domain-general and domain-specific (e.g. maths) anxiety measures and 13 school subjects in a large (N= ~800) sample of schoolchildren (Mage =15.26), selected for high achievement in STEM and other domains. Our data showed that all anxiety measures load onto single general anxiety factor, explaining 51% of variance. Regression analysis showed that domain-general anxiety did not explain much variance in academic outcomes, while domain-specific anxiety explained variance in respective domains. The results demonstrated that the negative link between anxiety and performance is present even in adolescents with high academic achievement. Interestingly, worry correlated positively with performance after controlling for other anxiety measures. The study provides new insights into anxiety-performance links that can be used for further development of measures and educational interventions.
Little Republics: Authority and the Political Nature of the Firm
Authors: González-Ricoy Iñigo
Published: May 2024

Political theorists have recently sought to replace the liberal, contractual theory of the firm with a political view that models the authority relation of employee to firm, and its appropriate regulation, on that of subject to state. This view is liable to serious difficulties, however, given existing discontinuities between corporate and civil authority as to their coerciveness, entry and exit conditions, scope, legal standing, and efficiency constraints. I here inspect these, and argue that, albeit in some cases significant, such discontinuities fail to undermine the firm/state analogy, either because they are not significant enough to do so or because the particular trait on which they hinge is not decisive for how authority, in the state and in the firm, should be regulated to be legitimate. A pro tanto requirement exists, I thus argue, that corporate authority be held to regulatory norms comparable to those legitimate states abide by, including civil liberties, rule-of-law constraints, and accountability to subjects.
मांसहार किन नगर्ने
Authors: Pokhrel Lalmani
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन वर्तमान मान्छेका आचारका विषयमा सन्धान गर्ने सन्दर्भमा तयार पारिएको हो । हाल संसारका अधिक मानिस मांसहारमा लीप्त देखिन्छन् । मानिसका लागि मांसहार जैविक, आध्यात्मिक तथा वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिले उपयुक्त छ कि छैन ? भन्ने जिज्ञासा परिपूर्ति गर्ने उद्देश्यले यस आलेखको तयारी गरिएको हो । मुख्यतः पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनमा आधारित प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमा मांसहारका नकारात्मक पाटालाई उजागर गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ । यस आलेखबाट मांसहार मानव स्वास्थ्यका लागि उपयुक्त छ कि छैन ? हाम्रो आध्यात्मिक जीवनमा मांसहारलाई किन वर्जित ठानिन्छ भनी जिज्ञासा राख्नेहरू लाभान्वित हुनेछन् ।
Socio-Economic Consequences of Remittance on Households in Pokhara Valley
Authors: Gurung Amrit , Bhandari Mohan
Published: May 2024

There has been a continuous discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the continuously increasing remittance flows. On the one hand, few studies in different parts of the world have noted that remittances have increased conspicuous consumption and decreased the Labour supply for farming and agriculture. Instead, several others have shown how enhancing food, health, and education can help recipient households’ quality of life. Thus, this study aims to analyze the socio-economic consequences of remittance on households in Pokhara Valley Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data on how much money families who receive and do not receive remittances spend and invest on a variety of household activities, such as food, children’s health, education, consumer goods, and asset investment, were collected, compared and analyzed using various statistical tools like frequencies, mean, standard deviation and independent samples t-test. The association of the two categories of households of the study on involvement in agriculture and farming was examined using the chi-square test. The study has shown that the remittance income has increased the purchasing power of remittance-receiving households which has led to an increment in the spending capacity of those households. The results indicate that remittance positively affects the improvement of human capital as the remittance recipient households spend more on family members’ education and health services than remittance non-recipient households do. However, remittance has also resulted in conspicuous consumption and higher spending on non-productive activities. In addition, it has adversely affected the participation of recipient families on involvement in agriculture and farming, ultimately necessitating the importation of food grains. On this basis, it is recommended that the government should develop measures that can stimulate remittance recipient families on remittance investments in the development of the domestic economy, national output, and agricultural production rather than spending on unproductive activities.
नेपाली साहित्य, समसामयिक सन्दर्भ र अभिलक्षण
Authors: अर्याल जमुना
Published: May 2024

मानवीय अनुभव र संवेदनालाई कलात्मक रूपमा प्रस्तुत गर्ने काम साहित्यमा हुन्छ । साहित्यले लेखक पाठक, स्रोता सबैलाई हित गर्दछ । नेपाली साहित्य अन्तर्गत लघुकथा, कथा, उपन्यास, गजल, मुक्तक, फुटकर कविता, खण्डकाव्य, महाकाव्य, नाटक, एकाङ्की, संवाद, वादविवाद, जीवनी, निबन्ध आदि विधा, उपविधा पर्दछन् । प्रस्तुत लेखमा नेपाली साहित्य समसामयिक सन्दर्भ र अभिलक्षणलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । नेपाली साहित्यका प्रमुख विधा नाटक, कविता, आख्यान र निबन्धका समसामयिक सन्दर्भ र अभिलक्षण के कस्ता रहेका छन् ? प्रस्तुत गर्ने सन्दर्भमा यो लेख तयार पारिएको छ । नाटक विधामा प्रयोगवादी प्रवृत्ति, विज्ञान नाटक, सडक नाटक (समूहगत) अभिलक्षणलाई जोड दिइएको छ । कविता विधामा सरलता, सम्प्रेष्य विषयवस्तु, स्वतन्त्रता, प्रजातान्त्रिक मूल्यमान्यतालाई जोड दिइएको छ । आख्यान अन्तर्गत पर्ने कथा र उपन्यास विधामा समतामूलक समाजको निर्माण, क्रान्तिकारी प्रगतिवादी चेतना, शोषित वर्ग सङ्गठित भइ अन्यायका विरुद्ध लाग्नुपर्ने पक्षलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भने निबन्ध विधाका समसामयिक प्रवृत्ति यात्रा वर्णन, हास्यव्यङ्ग्य दार्शनिकता, बौद्धिकता आदि रहेका छन् । यो लेखबाट स्नातक, स्नातकोत्तर तहका विद्यार्थी, प्राध्यापक, लेखक र जिज्ञासु पाठकलाई सहयोग पुग्दछ ।
Cultural Tourism Prospects of Bhaleswor Mahadev of Chandragiri Area, Kathmandu
Authors: Sigdel Achyut
Published: May 2024

This paper makes an attempt to examine prospects of cultural tourism of Bhaleswor Mahadev in Chandragiri area of Kathmandu by applying cultural heritage studies perspectives. It is a cultural study of completely qualitative nature. Throughout the world, the tourism industry has been an economic generator including conserving the heritage sites. The study area is Chandragiri municipality - 4 and the major historical and religious sites in the foothill of Mahabharat hill range of Chandragiri. Bhaleswor Mahadev temple is situated on the top of the Chandragiri hill in the southwest of Kathmandu valley in 13 km. The shape of the hill looks like a Bhale (rooster) and Nilkantha Mahadev stayed in this hill for some time and at that time heard the sound of rooster so this Mahadev is called Bhaleswor Mahadev. Due to this temple, pilgrims and tourists are increasing day by day to go to Chandragiri hill through cable car. Bhaleswor Mahadev temple and Chandragiri cable car add more benefit in promotion of cultural tourism of Chandragiri area. One can easily go to worship Bhaleswor Mahadev through cable car within twelve minutes. One can observe spectacular view of the Himalayan range of Annapurna range, Langtang range, Everest and other mountains like Cho Oyu, Gaurisankhar etc from the top of the hill. Chandragiri cable car is the second commercial cable car of Nepal. Chandragiri area is very important from historical, cultural and archaeological point of view. The other major historical and religious sites of Chandragiri area in the foothill of Mahabharat hill range are Mahalaxmi Temple, Chandanvarateswor Mahadev, Matatirtha and Machchhe Narayan. These sites give more importance in the development of cultural tourism of Chandragiri area. Despite these studies, there is still hardly found scholarship of cultural tourism prospects of Bhaleswor Mahadev in Chandragiri area, Kathmandu. Therefore, this paper aims to address the gap of cultural tourism of Chandragiri area.
The Classical Tale from the Markandeya Purana (Ritudwaj and Madalasha)
Authors: Rana Poonam RL
Published: May 2024

This paper sheds light on the intriguing ancient love story of Ritudwaj and Maladsha that is recounted in the Markandeya Purana, this paper investigates the classical account of the Purana. The Eastern world today is more familiar with Western classical love stories like Romeo and Juliet, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Wuthering Heights, and Gone with the Wind, But Eastern readers have forgotten their classical legends. Ritudwaj and Madalasha's profound love is depicted in this undersea fantasy tale that delves into the classic love tale. This Pauranic tale is lovelier than Snow White or Cinderella. The researcher wishes to draw attention to the fact that our Puranas and other religious texts contain such beautiful love stories lost within the pages of such texts. This research aims to a) Highlight the ancient classical tale from Markandeya Purana. b) To open a venue for further research on such tales. The methodology used is exploratory based on the qualitative approach. This research is based on content study.