bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICT and the trading negotiation for international sale contracts in the Pacific Alliance firms
Authors: Baena Rojas José Jaime , Cano José Alejandro , Vanegas-López Juan Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The information and communication technologies (ICT) have change the way that firms carry out their international business transactions because small, medium, and large companies are increasingly adopting these tools in order to enhance the productivity into operational processes including the commercial and industrial internationalization. Objective. This article aims to identify the most used ICT in the international trade negotiation process for achieving import and export contracts within the Pacific Alliance companies.  Methodology. Then, a survey in 401 internationalized firms was carried out into this regional trade bloc comprised of Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Likewise, a descriptive analysis is applied to present the results of the study highlighting the most used ICT into the international trade negotiation and, similarly, an ordered logistic regression is applied in order to explain both the level of importance given to ICT in the negotiation process and the use frequency within this trade agreement.  Findings. The research also reveals that ICT are essential for each international negotiation phase, especially in the preparation phase. Conclusion. The use of specialized ICT such as e-procurement, ERP, CRM, NSS, and scenario building software increases as the size of the companies also increases.
İki Dilli Öğrencilerin Türkçe Dinleme Tutumlarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: KARDAŞ Hakim , KAYA Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı; iki dilli öğrencilerin Türkçe dinleme kaygılarının cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, baba eğitim düzeyi, anne eğitim düzeyi, evde konuşulan dil, akıllı telefona sahip olma, telefonu kullanma amacı, evde TV/radyo bulunma durumu, TV izleme süresi değişkenleriyle ilişkisini tespit etmektir. Bu araştırmada betimsel yöntemlerden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.

Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Bitlis İli Güroymak İlçesi Gölbaşı Cumhuriyet Orta Okulunda öğrenim gören ve iki dil bilen 145 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubu, seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örnekleme metodu kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Karakuş-Tayşi ve Özbay (2016) tarafından geliştirilen “Dinlemeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” veri toplama araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde, sırasıyla betimsel istatistik ölçüleri (frekans ve yüzdeleri), Normallik testleri (Komogorov-Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk), Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis H testi ve basit doğrusal korelasyon (Spearman sıra farkları) analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda iki dilli ortaokul öğrencilerinin Türkçe dinlemeye yönelik tutum düzeylerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca iki dilli öğrencilerin cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne eğitim düzeyi, baba eğitim düzeyi, akıllı telefona sahip olma durumu, evde konuşulan dil, akıllı telefon kullanım amacı, evde televizyon/radyo izleme durumuna göre Türkçe dinlemeye yönelik tutum düzeylerinin birbirine benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlardan farklı olarak İki dilli öğrencilerin Türkçe dinlemeye yönelik tutum düzeylerinin günlük televizyon izleme süresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur.
Paul's Place in the Story: N. T. Wright's Vision of Paul
Authors: SCHREINER THOMAS R.
Published: July 2022

This article first summarizes Wright's contribution, including the historical context of Paul's day, Paul's world view (focusing on symbol and praxis), his theology (centering on monotheism, election, and eschatology), and the application of Paul's theology to his context. An evaluation of Wright's contribution follows, in which both the strengths and weaknesses of this massive work are set forth. Wright's overarching synthesis of Paul's thought in the culture of his day stands out, but questions are also raised on a few issues, particularly Wright's construal of justification.
Wright about Much, but Questions about Justification: A Review of N. T. Wright, Paul and the Faithfulness of God
Authors: GORMAN MICHAEL J.
Published: July 2022

Wright's magnum opus has many admirable strengths in method and content, including its attempt to overcome "either-ors" in describing Paul's theology, its analysis of how Paul reworked Jewish theology around the Messiah and the Spirit, its focus on both justice and the church, its consistent interpretation of Christos as "Messiah," its (cautious) embrace of "theosis," its nuanced defense of counter-imperial themes, and its response to certain persistent criticisms of Wright. However, questions arise about certain aspects of the book, including the meaning of the undefined phrase "Paul's mature thought," the descriptions of other approaches to Paul, the assessment of the role of the cross, the analysis of the ethical implications of Paul's conversion, and the claims about participation in Messiah's rule. The most significant concerns for this appreciative reviewer involve the book's treatment of justification. Although Wright argues for the inseparability of justification and participation in Paul's soteriology, his juridical, declarative account of justification, with an emphasis on forgiveness, is less robust, comprehensive, participatory, and transformative than Paul's actually is. Ironically, Wright does not seem to recognize fully how Paul has reworked justification around the Messaih and the Spirit. He seems to miss some of the logical consequences of his own arguments about adoption, baptism, and dying/rising with Christ, while also offering an untenable interpretation of baptism as an act of divine reckoning. Wright fails to see that if the mode of justification has radically changed (faith as sharing in the Messiah's faithfulness—so, rightly, Wright), then its substance has also changed.
N. T. Wright's Great Story and Its Relationship to Paul's Gospel
Authors: DE BOER MARTINUS C.
Published: July 2022

From his own study of the Old Testament and Second Temple Judaism, N. T. Wright reconstructs what he calls "the great story" of God's relationship to the created order, to the human race, and to Israel. His insistence that Paul's gospel of the crucified and risen Messiah is to be interpreted within the framework of this threefold great story employs an approach that is contrary to Paul's own: Paul understands God's relationship to the creation, to humankind, and to Israel within the framework of the gospel rather than the reverse as claimed by Wright. Paul's approach is a function of his apocalyptic understanding of the Christ event as God's eschatological invasion of the human cosmos to effect its liberation from evil powers. Wright fails to do sufficient justice to this and other aspects of Paul apocalyptic theology, particularly as this comes to expression in Galatians.
Wright's Paul and the Cloud of (Other) Witnesses
Authors: BOCKMUEHL MARKUS
Published: July 2022

With appreciation for Wright's admirable achievement, this article takes its starting point from a "word cloud" of Paul and the Faithfulness of God in order to illustrate this work's emphases as well as possible lacunae. Relative silence envelops questions such as (1) Paul's biography and its theological or mimetic value, including Luke's Paul in Acts; (2) criticisms of Wright's customarily straightforward equation of Paul's preferred term Christ with Messiah; (3) the hermeneutical implications for this project of any "deutero-Pauline" or indeed strictly "pseudonymous" authorship; (4) the place of observant Jews in "all Israel." Wright's is a Paul of soteriological logos rather than of "Christomimetic" ethos, of suffering or of sacrifice. But these are queries for constructive engagement with what is now the most complete account of its kind in existence.
“If I Still Proclaim Circumcision” (Galatians 5:11a): Paul, the Law, and Gentile Circumcision
Authors: HARDIN JUSTIN K.
Published: July 2022

In Gal 5:11a, Paul openly confessed that at some point in the past he had proclaimed circumcision (εἰ περιτομὴν ἒτι κηρύσσω). According to Douglas Campbell, this verse clearly (if embarrassingly) indicates that early on in his apostolic mission, Paul preached circumcision to Gentiles, only later abandoning the practice. This article provides a critical assessment of Campbell's arguments before providing a fresh reading of Gal 5:11 that seeks to resolve the chronological conundrum of this verse, to clarify its overall function within Paul's argument in Galatians, and finally to contribute to the ongoing debate on Paul and the Law.
Ritual Failure, Ritual Negotiation, and Paul's Argument in 1 Corinthians 11:17–34
Authors: SMIT PETER-BEN
Published: July 2022

In this article, Paul's remarks about the Corinthian Lord's Supper in 1 Cor 11:17–34 are discussed from the perspective of ritual studies, specifically from the perspective of ritual failure and ritual negotiation. After outlining the appertaining analytical models, drawing on the thought of Roland Grimes and scholars working in his footsteps, it is argued that 1 Cor 11:17–34 can well be understood as an argument arising from (perceived) ritual failure on the part of the Corinthians that fits a number of Grimesian categories. Next, it is argued that Paul seeks to correct, or rather “renegotiate,” the Corinthian ritual by drawing on the narrative that governs the ritual's significance. By analyzing 1 Cor 11:17–34 from this perspective, it is argued that it is highly likely that Paul's concerns, as he formulates them there, stem from a reconsideration of the meaning of the ritual of the Lord's Supper, prompted by ritual failure and given rise to a renewed formulation of the ritual's meaning and purpose. Thus, this article offers a more refined understanding of how the conflict over the Lord's Supper functions as a conflict over ritual and how Paul's remarks in 1 Cor 11:17–34 relate to specifically the ritual aspects of the Lord's Supper.
The Lord of Peace: Christ Our Peace in Pauline Theology
Authors: GORMAN MICHAEL J.
Published: July 2022

Despite ongoing contemporary efforts by such New Testament scholars as Willard Swartley in the U.S., Pieter de Villiers in South Africa, and William Campbell in the U.K., the claim that peace is central to Pauline theology (including Christology) and ethics has not been universally acknowledged, as evidenced in even some of the most recent and most comprehensive treatments of Paul. N.T. Wright's new book, Paul and the Faithfulness of God, however, begins to correct this deficiency. This article will review a portion of the evidence in Paul for Jesus as both (1) the crucified and resurrected Messiah who inaugurated God's promised eschatological peace and (2) the present Lord who continues to form each ἐκκλησία into a peaceful, peacemaking community. In each role, Jesus is both the source and the shape of God's shalom. While this evidence demonstrates the centrality of peace and peacemaking to Pauline Christology, it also shows that Paul does not think of Christ as peacemaker in isolation, but only in conjunction with God the Father and the Spirit, on the one hand, and in union with the ἐκκλησία on the other.
The Children of the Barren Woman: Galatians 4:27 and the Hermeneutics of Justification
Authors: STARLING DAVID I.
Published: July 2022

In Gal 4:27, Paul offers a citation from Isa 54:1 as proof for his assertion in v. 26 that it is “the Jerusalem above” that is “our mother.” The citation poses an obvious hermeneutical riddle: on what basis does Paul include uncircumcised Gentiles in Galatia among the children born to the restored Jerusalem? This article proposes a solution to that riddle, based on a reading of the salvation-historical hermeneutical framework constructed in the preceding chapters of the letter and suggests some implications for how we are to understand the relationship between Gentile inclusion and salvation by grace within the grand narrative that informs Paul's theology of justification.
Phenotypic Stability for Fruit yield and its Components of Brinjal
Authors:   Dept. of Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Wyra, Khammam, Telangana (507 165), India, Chaitanya V. , Reddy R. V. S. K. ,   Dr. YSRHU, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra pradesh (534 104), India
Published: July 2022

The present study was carried out at Vegetable Research Station, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India during kharif (June–October, 2014), rabi (October–February, 2014–15) and Summer (February–May, 2015) to assess the performance of genotypes in terms of yield as well as quality across seasons under wide range of environments through phenotypic stability studies. Thirty brinjal genotypes were evaluated for yield and quality parameters under three environments comprising of three different seasons. The portioning of environments + (genotypes × environments) mean squares showed that environments (linear) differed significantly and were quite diverse with regards to their effect on the performance of the genotypes for fruit yield and quality traits. A perusal of stability parameters indicated two genotypes C3 and P6 showed stable performance for earliness, C3 for days to first fruit harvest and C3, C10, C16, C21, P1 for days to last fruit harvest hence these genotypes were adapted to all types of environments. Among the stable hybrids, five hybrids C3, C11, C13, C16 and C21 were significantly more yield plant-1 and more number of marketable fruits plant -1 over the best check Chhaya. Whereas, for ascorbic acid content 5 hybrids i.e C2, C4, C11, C14 and C18 to be stable over the check Utkarsha. C3 was showed stable performance over best check Chhaya for the trait fruit and shoot borer infestation on shoots and four hybrids C3, C11, C13 and C21 were found to be stable for the trait fruit and shoot borer infetstation on fruits over the best check Chhaya.
Role of Brassinolide in Fruit Growth, Development, Quality and Cracking of Litchi Cv. Bombai Grown in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors:   Dept. of Fruit Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Ghosh Tamashree , Panja Payel ,   School of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, The Neotia University, Sarisha, Jhinga, D. H. Road, South 24-Parganas,  West Bengal (743 368), India, Sau Sayan ,   Purba Medinipur Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mulakhop, Dayaldasi, Nandakumar,  East Medinipur, West Bengal (721 632), India, Datta Pallab ,   Dept. of Fruit Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India
Published: July 2022

Bombai’ is a popular litchi variety of West Bengal but susceptible to fruit cracking which reduces the market price. Till now numbers of research trial conducted in litchi with different chemicals but reports on impact of application of brassinolide in reduction of fruit cracking maintaining quality attributes are limited. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during January-May of 2019–20 at the Experimental Farm of Horticultural Research station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidayala, Nadia, West Bengal, India to evaluate the effect of different dose of brassinolide on fruit yield, quality and reduction of cracking in litchi. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising five treatments of brassinolide [T1: Brassinolide (0.5 mg l-1), T2: Brassinolide (1.0 mg l-1), T3: Brassinolide (1.5 mg l-1), T4: Brassinolide (2.0 mg l-1) and T5: Control (water spray)] with four replication/treatment. The solutions were applied two times; first before anthesis and another at 15 days after anthesis. Result revealed that brassinolide increased the number of fruits per panicle and significantly increased individual fruit weight, length, diameter, and yield. Among different treatments, brassinolides at 1 mg l-1 (two-time application i.e., 15 days before and after anthesis) is identified to be superior considering all qualitative aspects i.e., maximum fruit weight (26.40 g), fruit length (5.15 cm) and yield (95.88 kg plant-1). This treatment also exhibited maximum TSS (21.22°Brix), total sugar (14.11%), ascorbic acid (37.42 mg 100 g-1) and anthocyanin (23.13 mg 100 g-1) content with minimum (9.12%) fruit cracking. The control treatments registered minimum values for all parameters.
Detection of B. anthracis from Environmental Samples during Outbreak in Tamilnadu by Molecular Methods
Authors:   Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai (600 051), India, Senthilkumar K. , Ravikumar G. ,   Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai (600 051), India, Tirumurugaan K. G. ,   Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai (600 051), India
Published: July 2022

The study was undertaken during 2013−2017 at Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. Blood smears, soil and environmental samples were collected from 23 sporadic incidences of anthrax reported in different parts of Tamil Nadu from 2013−2017. 11 incidences were presumptively diagnosed as anthrax by detecting capsulated bacilli on polychrome methylene blue staining and microscopy. The spores in soil samples (62) were extracted, cultured and DNA was extracted for molecular method of diagnosis. The molecular method detected twelve incidences as anthrax by amplifying the virulence factors like lef gene (385bp) and capsular gene (264bp) encoded in pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids respectively and chromosomal marker (Ba813) gene (152bp) using multiplex PCR. The partial sequence of cap gene of isolates (Vellore and Nolambur strain) revealed a close relationship with B. anthracis species. The relatedness of the isolated strains to virulent strains such as Ames and Vollum strain on phylogenetic analysis showed the nature of the outbreak. Since the multiplex PCR detects the outbreak with short turn-around time by detecting both chromosomal and Plasmid DNA, considered as a confirmative diagnosis. Further the molecular method of diagnosis precludes the need for culturing thereby avoiding unnecessary occupational risks and environmental contamination.
CONVERGENCE PROBLEM SCHEMES FOR CONSTRUCTING STRUCTURES OF LOGICAL AND ALGORITHMIC CLASSIFICATION TREES
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Povkhan I. F.
Published: July 2022

The problem of convergence of the procedure for synthesizing classifier schemes in the methods of logical and algorithmic classification trees is considered. An upper estimate of the complexity of the algorithm tree scheme is proposed in the problem of approximating an array of real data with a set of generalized features with a fixed criterion for stopping the branching procedure at the stage of constructing a classification tree. This approach allows you to ensure the necessary accuracy of the model, assess its complexity, reduce the number of branches and achieve the necessary performance indicators. For the first time, methods for constructing structures of logical and algorithmic classification trees are given an upper estimate of the convergence of constructing classification trees. The proposed convergence estimate of the procedure for constructing classifiers for LCT/ACT structures makes it possible to build economical and efficient classification models of a given accuracy. The method of constructing an algorithmic classification tree is based on a step-by-step approximation of an initial sample of arbitrary volume and structure by a set of independent classification algorithms. When forming the current vertex of an algorithmic tree, node, or generalized feature, this method highlights the most efficient, high-quality autonomous classification algorithms from the initial set. This approach to constructing the resulting classification tree can significantly reduce the size and complexity of the tree, the total number of branches, vertices, and tiers of the structure, improve the quality of its subsequent analysis, interpretability, and ability to decompose. Methods for synthesizing logical and algorithmic classification trees were implemented in the library of algorithms of the “Orion III” software system for solving various applied problems of artificial intelligence. Practical applications have confirmed the operability of the constructed classification tree models and the developed software. The paper estimates the convergence of the procedure for constructing recognition schemes for cases of logical and algorithmic classification trees under conditions of weak and strong class separation of the initial sample. Prospects for further research and testing may consist in evaluating the convergence of the ACT synthesis procedure in a limited method of the algorithmic classification tree, which consists in maintaining a criterion for stopping the procedure for constructing a tree model by the depth of the structure, optimizing its software implementations, introducing new types of algorithmic trees, as well as experimental studies of this method for a wider range of practical problems.
ONTOLOGICAL MODELLING OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE OF THE TRAVEL ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Silagin Silagin , Denysiuk V. O. ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Published: July 2022

In modern conditions of society development, increasing degree and pace of integration of information technology achievements in the field of human life, traditional approaches to building information systems become too cumbersome or cease to be effective. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop knowledge-based systems. The work is devoted to ontological modeling of a new subject area "travel organization". The ontology is considered in the context of knowledge exchange. The created travel ontology is quite modern and relevant today. The developed ontological model of the knowledge base in this area can be implemented on thematic web resources and greatly facilitate the semantic search for information within the subject area in comparison with existing ones. A terminological dictionary from this subject area is defined using the concept of terminological system. An analysis of the possibilities of the Protege ontology development environment for modeling a specific subject area of "travel". The basic principle of ontology modeling in the form of a semantic network is chosen. The proposed network has the opportunity to expand and deepen knowledge about the subject area of "travel". The use of the Protege environment to implement the ontological model of the knowledge base allowed to use the advantages and features of the created model of "travel organization", such as: functionality, transitivity, reflectivity, structuring, completeness, reliability and consistency of information. The criterion for assessing the correctness of the ontological model of the knowledge base is chosen. Testing of the developed ontological knowledge base was carried out and a rather high level of its correctness in the process of information retrieval was confirmed. The average metric on the SUM metric for all users is equal to 82.95%, which is an acceptable indicator of the ontological knowledge base. When using the classical relational model of database organization to implement the "travel" database, the average SUM metric for 10 users is 73.68%. An example of the developed ontology in Protege is considered, a graphic representation of the basic graph of the ontological mode "travel" is given, the model includes 10 classes and subclasses, for each class and subclass 2 properties-relations and from 2 to 10 properties-data are defined, an example is given classes of the ontological model of "travel", an example of "properties-relations" of the ontological model of "travel" is given, an example of "properties-data" of the ontological model of "travel" is given. Possible directions of further development of the ontological model "travel organization" are formulated.
Dividend Policy Moderated the Influence of Profitability, Company Size, Liquidity on the Value of Banking Companies 2016–2020
Authors: Devi Dewa Ayu Yunia , Suardana Ketut Alit
Published: July 2022

In the current era, investment activity is certainly an interesting thing because it can be used as passive income. In investing there must be a risk. The thing that is most feared is the risk of loss. To minimize future possibilities, investors can pay attention to the information in the company's financial statements. One of the benchmarks that can be used is by looking at the value of the company as reflected in its share price. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of profitability, company size, and liquidity on company value moderated by dividend policy on banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016–2020. The method in determining the sample in this study used purposive sampling, resulting in a total sample of 9 companies with a total sample of 45 years of observation. Data were carried out using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that profitability had a significant positive effect on company value. Company size and liquidity have a negative and insignificant effect on company value. Dividend policy is not able to moderate the effect of profitability, company size, and liquidity on company value.
Diversifying Business Models and Bank Stability
Authors: Do Kim Du , Do Phuong Huyen , Le Xuan Tam
Published: July 2022

Research on banking sustainability plays an important role for banks in the growing financial market. As a result, banks must compete more, making the risk of weak banks increase. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of business models on bank stability — analytical data on joint-stock commercial banks listed on the Vietnam stock exchange from 2012 to 2019. The panel data regression analysis model with a generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to analyze the results. The GMM results show that net interest income (NII) has a positive effect on bank stability. On the other hand, non-interest income (NNII and TRADE) has a negative impact on bank stability. This result indicates that business models are having a negative impact on bank stability. The study also points out several implications for improving the sustainability of banks.
Assessing the Effect of Human Resource Information Systems on the Human Resource Strategies of Commercial Banks
Authors: Bah Mohamed Pateh , Duramany-Lakkoh Ezekiel K. , Udeh Ernest
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact that Human Resource Information Systems on Human Resource Management Strategies. The statement of the problem was to look if human resource information systems have fulfilled their promise of providing timely, better, cost-efficient, etc. information for strategic decision making by human resource management practitioners by looking at its influences on the human resource management strategies. The Non-Probability Sampling technique was used to collect the data because non-probability sampling is often associated with case study research design and qualitative research. Because the total sample will have the same distribution of features as the entire population and the respondent are chosen on the basis of predetermined features, the Quota Sampling under the Non-probability sampling technique was used. Questionnaires were sent to ten (10) commercial banks in Sierra Leone. The data was collected using Google Forms and uploaded to SPSS from an Excel sheet downloaded from Google Drive. SPSS was therefore used to do the analysis of the responses from the questionnaire. Based on the analysis, the researchers concluded that HRIS has indeed fulfilled its promise to timely, better, cost-effective information for the strategic decision-making by human resource managers with respect to the Human Resource Management Strategies. It, therefore, has a positive impact on human resource management strategies. The research recommends that HRIS be used but more training needs to be given to staff, the system must be updated regularly for security updates and more needs to be done to ensure that the cost of maintaining the system is reduced.
The Entrepreneur and His Small Business: Is Financial Literacy Important?
Authors: Erhomosele Osareme , Obi Oluchi V.
Published: July 2022

The most appropriate survival strategy for small businesses is to pursue the growth objective. Our study seeks to investigate the presence or otherwise of a relationship between financial literacy and small business growth. Our findings reveal that entrepreneurs with a high level of financial literacy are more likely to succeed at growing their businesses when compared to entrepreneurs with a lower level of financial literacy. Hence, financial knowledge, financial behaviour and financial attitude are important assets for growing small businesses. We recommend a concentration of efforts on the human capital development of entrepreneurs to ensure the survival and growth of small businesses in Nigeria.
Non-Isothermal Fluid Flow through a Rotating Curved Duct with Aspect Ratio of 3 in the Presence of Magnetic Field, Hall, and Ion-slip Currents
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Samad Md. Abdus , Alam Md. Mahmud
Published: July 2022

A fully developed non-isothermal, steady, incompressible, viscous fluid flow passes along the centerline direction of a rotating curved duct with a large aspect ratio in the presence of the magnetic field; Hall and Ion-slip current are investigated in this study. This duct is generated by keeping the heated outer and cooled inner walls; the lower and upper walls are adiabatic. The gravitational force, pressure gradient force, Lorentz force, Coriolis force, and centrifugal force act on the flow as an external force. These forces are generated due to action of gravity, pressure on the flow, magnetic field with Hall and Ion-slip current, rotation, and curvature of the duct respectively. The pressure gradient forces (namely Dean Forces) are applied in the centerline direction of the duct. Therefore, the flow is accelerated along the centerline direction of the curved duct. The numerical solutions are carried out by the spectral method as the primary tool. In contrast, the Newton-Raphson, Chebyshev polynomial, Collocation, and Arc-length methods are used as secondary tools. The effects of the parameters, namely Grashof number (Gr), Taylor number (Tr), Dean Number (Dn), magnetic parameter(M), Hall parameter (m), and Ion-slip parameter (?) on the flow of the velocity and temperature profiles are investigated by the solution curve for the flux versus above mentioned parameter separately and their corresponding flow structures are studied at several cross-sections on the curved duct. As the new findings, the results have been shown under the various values of M, m and ? at Dean Number Dn=300 curvature of the duct ?=0.1 and Taylor number is at Tr=20.
Measurement and Assessment of Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields from Common Home Electrical Appliances
Authors: Ponnle Akinlolu A.
Published: July 2022

In this twenty first century, man is exposed to a very high amount of magnetic fields in his environment. This is mainly due to the ubiquitous use of electricity and other technological devices, which are the major sources of magnetic field pollution. The effect of magnetic field exposure on health problems and safety risk of people is continually being investigated. A number of international organizations have formulated guidelines on limits to the value of the generated magnetic field. This work provides information on the amount of 50 Hz magnetic field created by some common home electrical appliances, and compare results obtained with permissible exposure limit by The International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for the public. The home electrical appliances investigated include electric cooker, hair dryer, toaster, kettle, fan, microwave oven, electric iron, voltage stabilizer, etc. Measurements were carried out with the aid of a magnetic field strength meter, at a distance of 3 cm to 75 cm from the appliances. Results showed that the magnetic field varies with distance from the appliances (by quarter of a meter, most become negligible), the power consumption of the appliance, the age of the appliance, and the product (manufacturer) of the appliance. Also, appliances with electromagnets, coils and electric motors produce more magnetic fields than appliances with heating elements. At a distance of 3 cm from the appliances, the highest value of magnetic field obtained was 85.5 µT and the lowest value of the magnetic field obtained was 4.28 µT. The overall results obtained indicate that the magnetic field strengths are lower than the maximum permissible exposure limit (100 µT) recommended by ICNIRP for members of the public, and therefore, will not lead to any significant exposure risk. In conclusion, in-expensive measures of reducing magnetic field exposure are recommended.
Diseño contextual para la creación de videojuego basado en Realidad Virtual usado en terapia de rehabilitación física en personas con accidente cerebrovascular
Authors: Montoya Maria Fernanda , Villada Julian Felipe Villada , Muñoz Cardona John Edison , Henao Gallo Oscar Alberto , López José Fernando
Published: July 2022

Los datos demográficos, de percepciones, y de gustos de usuarios obtenidos de la observación real y de encuestas de experiencia proporcionan información contextualizada y de primera mano, para un diseñador de videojuegos. Sin embargo, este tipo de información puede malinterpretarse si se presenta como cifras estadísticas. El diseño contextual (DC) es un método centrado en el usuario que permite entender mejor su entorno de trabajo además de las necesidades que tendrán que cumplir los sistemas interactivos que para ellos se han de desarrollar. Según el DC, los arquetipos o Personas son representaciones de usuarios creadas para establecer comportamientos, gustos y motivaciones de un grupo representativo de usuarios que comparten el mismo patrón o iguales descriptores, y este tipo de perfiles pueden representar los grupos de usuarios durante el proceso de desarrollo de un videojuego. Este articulo describe paso a paso el proceso de diseño de Personas (o arquetipos) para un grupo de 25 participantes con ACV (Accidente Cerebro Vascular) de diferentes edades. Esta información fue obtenida de entrevistas contextuales y de encuestas de experiencia de juego, la cual permite hacer una interpretación más homogénea de los gustos, las limitaciones y las motivaciones de los participantes. Se generaron 4 perfiles de usuario que fueron usados para la creación de un videojuego serio usando realidad virtual, que permita un posible apoyo terapéutico en un proceso de rehabilitación física de personas que han sufrido ACV. Finalmente, este trabajo presenta el diseño preliminar del videojuego y la importancia de la información del modelo de usuario en la creación del mismo.
دراسة لواقع التدفق النفسي لدى طلاب قسم التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة جيهان -اربيل
Authors: Othman Zhian J.
Published: July 2022

يعد التدفق النفسي من أحسن حالات الذكاء الوجداني لأنه يمثل اقصى درجة في تعزيز الانفعالات التي تخدم الاداء والتعلم ، فاذا استطاع الطالب دخول منطقة التدفق فان انفعالاته تكون إيجابيه مليئة  بالطاقة  والحيوية وتنظيم قواها مع ما يجري من نشاط راهن واذا أصاب الطالب الملل أو الاكتئاب  والتوتر فان ذلك يحول دون تدفق المشاعر وبالتالي ينخفض مستوى اداءه العملي والدراسي. ونظراً لأهمية التدفق النفسي في المجال الرياضي هدفت الدراسة  الحالية إلى التعرف على درجة التدفق النفسي لدى طلبة قسم التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة/ جامعة جيهان-اربيل والكشف عن ما إذا كانت هناك فروقا في مستوى التدفق النفسي لدى أفراد العينة تعزى لمتغير (المرحلة الدراسية).   فقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المقارن، وتكونت العينة من(50) طالباً وطالبةً من طلبة قسم التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة/جامعة جيهان-أربيل وللمراحل الدراسية الاربعة، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عمدية، و تم تطبيق مقياس التدفق النفسي الذي وضعه ( جاكسون ومارش).   أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة للمراحل الاربعة في مستوى التدفق النفسي تعزى لمتغير (المرحلة الدراسية)، فقد حصل طلاب المرحلة الأولى على أعلى درجة من التدفق النفسي مقارنة ببقية المراحل الدراسية، وكان طلبة المرحلة الثانية من اقل المراحل الدراسية تدفقأً، لونتيجة لذلك أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إقامة دورات وبرامج لتنمية التدفق النفسي، ونشر ثقافة علم النفس الإيجابي لدى طلبة الجامعة، وضع برامج تعليمية إرشادية تعمل على ترسيخ وتطوير ابعاد التدفق النفسي.وتبني الجامعة إقامة الدورات والبرامج لتنمية وتطوير التدفق النفسي لدى الطلبة.
دور التنمر الوظيفي في تعزيز نية ترك العمل
Authors: Faeq Dalia K.
Published: July 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة  دور التنمر الوظيفي) الصراخ العلني، الحرمان من استخدام الموارد، النقد المستمر، الضغط الغير مبرر) في  تعزيز نية ترك العمل  من وجهة نظر عينة من موظفين في مديرية العامة للسياحة في محافظة السليمانية /اقليم كوردستان – العراق . ولتحقيق الهدف تم استخدام الاستبانة مكونة من  (30) سؤال وزعت على  مجتمع الدراسة  مكونة من (280) مفردة و وزعت(200) اتمارة بالطريقة العشوائية  قد اعيدت منها (170) استمارة ، منها (161) استمارة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي. وقد توصلت البحث الى وجود علاقة ارتباط بين التنمر الوظيفي و نية ترك العمل ، و  وجود أثر للتنمر الوظيفي في تعزيز  نية ترك العمل، وبناءً على ذلك، فقد قدم البحث مجموعة من التوصيات و المقترحات و من أهمها  ضرورة تشجيع الموظفين في المديرية العامة للسياحة على إمتلاك المعرفة القانونية بواجباتهم و حقوقهم و التنوع الثقافي وإستثمار مناخ البيئة الداخلية لحماية انفسهم من الاذى و الاستغلال .
التنافس الاستراتيجي الروسي – الصيني وتأثيره في هيكل النظام الدولي
Authors: Mahdi Enas D.
Published: July 2022

يتسم النظام الدولي الحالي بوجود العديد من المتغيرات التي تستحق الدراسة والبحث ولعل من ابرزها صعود القوى الدولية الجديدة على الساحة العالمية الامر الذي يغير ‏بشكل مباشر من هيكلية النظام الدولي ويحرك الهرمية الدولية بشكل فاعل خاصة بعد سيطرة الولايات المتحدة على قمة الهرم الدولي منذ عام 1989 وحتى اليوم ،وتعد روسيا ‏والصين في مقدمة الدول المرشحة لاحداث الحراك السياسي المرتقب وذلك لما تمتلكانه من قوى سياسية وعسكرية واقتصادية هائلة الامر الذي يستدعى باحثي السياسة ‏والعلاقات الدولية التركيز على تحليل واقع الدولتين ومقوماتهما والتحديات التي تواجههما في طريقمها الى الهرم الدولي . ينطلق البحث من فرضية علمية مفادها ان العالم اليوم ‏يعيش حالة القطبية المتعددة دون الاعلان الرسمي عن تأثير باقي القوى الدولية والتي تعد الصين وروسيا ابرزها.كما يحاول البحث حل اشكالية سياسية تتمثل باستمرار انفراد ‏الولايات المتحدة برئاسة النظام الدولي دون وجود منافس استراتيجي قوي في وقت يحتاج فيه العالم الى توازن قوى دولية تساهم في اعادة هيكلة النظام الدولي وبشكل ينسجم ‏مع المتغيرات الدولية الجديدة المتمثلة بالاقتصاد المعولم وازدياد تأثير المنظمات الدولية وتدخلاتها في سياسة الدولة مثل منظمة التجارة العالمية وصندوق النقد الدولي والبنك الدولي ‏للانشاء والتعمير والشركات متعددة الجنسية
حماية المرأة والطفل في ضوء احكام القانون الدولي الإنساني أثناء النزاعات المسلحة
Authors: Abuilkassem Layla I.
Published: July 2022

النزاعات المسلحة سواء إن كانت نزاعات دولية تثار بين الدول أم نزاعات مسلحة غير دولية تندلع على ارض دولة واحدة، فهي غالبا ما تتعدى نطاق المعركة نظرا؛ لاستخدام آلة الحرب الحديثة طويلة المدى وواسعة الانتشار. فتلتهم كل ما يقف أمامها، ودمار للدول والشعوب سواء للمنتصر أو المهزوم، وينتج عنها انتهاكات خطيرة وقاسية يتعرض لها الإنسان وخاصا النساء و الأطفال والشيوخ. ولقد عانت هذه الفئة عبر التاريخ من ويلات الحروب والعنف يقع عليهم جراء النزاعات المسلحة، والإذلال وإهدار الكرامة، وهم أول الضحايا التي تنجم عنها النزاعات المسلحة، فالعنف الموجه نحوهم غير مبرر وعنف مبالغ فيه، وموجهة ضدهم وكأنهم أهدافا عسكرية. ومن اجل حمايتهم والحد من استهدافهم ، فقد تضمنت قواعد القانون الدولي الإنساني الواردة في  اتفاقيات جنيف الأربعة عام 1949 والبروتوكولين 1977 احكاما بشأن حماية المدنيين، وخاصة الأتفاقية الرابعة لجنيف بشأن حماية الأشخاص المدنيين في وقت النزاعات المسلحة، والاجراءات الواجب إتباعها لمواجهة انتهاكات حقوق المرأة والطفل كجزء من السكان المدنيين كغيرهم من الفئات المحمية ، وحماية خاصة ايضا ، وكذلك كمقاتلين ،فهي واجبة الإتباع وملزمة لكل الدول الأطراف بالاتفاقية. وتحمل المسؤولية الدولية عند انتهاك قواعد الحماية القانونية.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS ONLINE PADA MATA KULIAH KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Simangunsong Sixson Roberto , Siahaan Sabda Dian Nurani
Published: July 2022

Masa pandemic covid19 menjadi tantangan bagi dunia pendidikan dalam merancang system pembelajaran baru seperti sekolah dalam jaringan melalui jaringan dan aplikasi conference seperti zoom, google meet, dan lain lain. Perlunya pengujian efektifitas suatu model dan media daring saat ini menjadi salah satu tujuan peneliti dalam melihat progres dan keefektifan pembelajaran secara daring. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan meneliti ada tidaknya efektifitas dari model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning yang dilakukan secara daring terhadap kelas A dan B Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi di Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Medan pada matakuliah kewirausahaan. Hasil perhitungan uji N-Gain score tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata N-Gain score untuk kelas eksperimen dan kontrol dengan model pembelajaran  pembelajaran  Problem Based Learning adalah sama sama bernilai cukup efektif dengan nilai N-Gain kelas eksperimen bernilai 61.5 % dalam kategori cukup efektif dengan nilai N-Gain score minimum 0,00% dan maksimum 90,9% sementara untuk nilai rata-rata N-Gain score untuk kelas control adalah sebesar 66.5% dalam kategori cukup efektif dengan nilai N-Gain Minimum 33.3% dan Maximum 92.3% Dari nilai nilai N-Gain Score diatas disimpulkan bahwa kedua kelas memiliki nilai efektifitas yang sama sma cuku efektif, melalui perlakuan pembelajaran via google meet secara daring dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning, disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning cukup efektif dilakukan secara daring melalui media google meet dan berpengaruh baik terhadap kedua kelas, Model pembelajaran yang efektif  digunakan dalam pembelajaran daring adalah Model Problem Based Learning yang dapat memicu kreatifitas dalam berpikir kritis pembelajaran secara daring.
ANALISIS PERAN PEMUDA DALAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN DAIRI
Authors: Tumangger Agam Randi Wisno , Badaruddin Badaruddin , Rujiman Rujiman
Published: July 2022

Penelitian deskriptif korelasional ini bertujuan untuk yang menganalisis peran pemuda dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Dairi. Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan kuantitatif survey. Wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi sederhana dan skor rata-rara untuk menganalisis data.  Jumlah populasi 58.475 orang dan sampel 96 orang responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Peran pemuda terhadap penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Dairi berada pada daerah yang sangat positif dan Pengaruh peran pemuda sebagai kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penanggulangan kemiskinan
PENDETEKSIAN KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS FRAUD DIAMOND PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Dwika Dwika , Nurmansyah Nurmansyah , Aznuryandi Aznuryandi
Published: July 2022

Riset  ini bertujuan buat menarangkan pendeteksian kecurangan laporan keuangan memakai analisis fraud diamond (tekanan, kesempatan, rasionalisasi, keahlian)  pada industri pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2014-2018, riset ini memakai variabel financial stability (tekanan) , external pressure (tekanan) , financial sasaran (tekanan) , nature of industry (kesempatan), Change in auditor (rasionalisasi), pergantian direktur (keahlian)  yang terdaftar di BEI.Riset  ini hendak memakai informasi quantitative serta analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dengan SPSS 23. Purposive Sampling is a sampling technique that is used. Hasil riset  mengakukan kalau variabel nature of industry diproksikan dengan rasio (kesempatan) (0,011< 0,05) serta variabel Change in auditor diproksikan dengan rasio (rasionalisasi) (0,029 < 0,05) membuktikan  pengaruh positif terhadap false financial statements. Financial stability (0,945>0,05), external pressure (0,998 >0,05), financial sasaran (0,504 > 0,05), serta pergantian direksi (0,845>0,05) are not related to deceptive financial statements.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN
Authors: Sanisahuri Sanisahuri , Rahmadani Saumi , Rahmadani Saumi , Irsad Irsad , Irsad Irsad
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of return on assets and sales growth on tax avoidance in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2020 period. The research methodology used is a quantitative descriptive method. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data, which is obtained in the form of numbers and numbers. Source of data in the form of secondary data. The sample of this study was selected by purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 11 companies for 6 periods, namely 2015-2020. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results of the research analysis show that Return on Assets has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance in Mining Sector Companies. The results of the research analysis show that Sales Growth has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance in Mining Sector Companies
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN INVESTASI, MODAL MINIMAL INVESTASI DAN PERSEPSI RISIKO TERHADAP MINAT INVESTASI DI PASAR MODAL PADA MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI ANGKATAN 2016 FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
Authors: Nasution Imam Ya’muri , Siagian Irma , Lubis Irsyad
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pengetahuan investasi, modal minimal investasi dan persepsi risiko terhadap minat investasi dipasar modal pada mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Ekonomi Angkatan 2016 Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh mahasiswa prodi pendidikan ekonomi angkatan 2016. Dengan sampel sebanyak 93 orang mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara angket dan dokumentasi. Uji validitas angket dengan menggunakan rumus product moment person dan uji realibilitasnya dihitung dengan menggunakan cronbach alpha. Teknik analisis data penelitian adalah regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian dengan menggunakan uji t dan uji f dengan menggunakan aplikasi software SPSS 22 For Windows. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh persamaan regresi linier berganda Y = Y =  22,304 + 0,491X1 - 0,285X2 - 0,119X3 + e. Dari hasil uji hipotesis (uji t) diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan investasi terhadap minat investasi dimana nilai thitung>ttabel yaitu 7,383 >1,986 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05.  Selanjutnya terdapat pengaruh negative dan signifikan antara modal minimal investasi terhadap minat investasi dimana thitung>ttabel yaitu -4,581>1,986 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05. Dan terdapat pengaruh negative dan signifikan antara persepsi risiko terhadap minat investasi dimana nilai thitung>ttabel yaitu -2,713>1,986 dengan nilai signifikan 0,008 < 0,05. Secara simultan (uji f) ditunjukkan dengan nilai Fhitung>Ftabel dimana 72,562 > 2,71 dan nilai signifikan 0,00 < 0,05. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa hipotesis diterima. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Pengetahuan Investasi, Modal Minimal Investasi Dan Persepsi Risiko Terhadap Minat Investasi di Pasar Modal Pada Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Ekonomi Angkatan 2016 Universitas Negeri Medan.