bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinal vessel segmentation based on multi-scale feature and style transfer
Authors: Zheng Caixia , Li Huican , Ge Yingying , He Yanlin , Yi Yugen , Zhu Meili , Sun Hui , Kong Jun
Published: December 2023

Retinal vessel segmentation is very important for diagnosing and treating certain eye diseases. Recently, many deep learning-based retinal vessel segmentation methods have been proposed; however, there are still many shortcomings (e.g., they cannot obtain satisfactory results when dealing with cross-domain data or segmenting small blood vessels). To alleviate these problems and avoid overly complex models, we propose a novel network based on a multi-scale feature and style transfer (MSFST-NET) for retinal vessel segmentation. Specifically, we first construct a lightweight segmentation module named MSF-Net, which introduces the selective kernel (SK) module to increase the multi-scale feature extraction ability of the model to achieve improved small blood vessel segmentation. Then, to alleviate the problem of model performance degradation when segmenting cross-domain datasets, we propose a style transfer module and a pseudo-label learning strategy. The style transfer module is used to reduce the style difference between the source domain image and the target domain image to improve the segmentation performance for the target domain image. The pseudo-label learning strategy is designed to be combined with the style transfer module to further boost the generalization ability of the model. Moreover, we trained and tested our proposed MSFST-NET in experiments on the DRIVE and CHASE_DB1 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that MSFST-NET can effectively improve the generalization ability of the model on cross-domain datasets and achieve improved retinal vessel segmentation results than other state-of-the-art methods.
Model of strategy control for delayed panic spread in emergencies
Authors: Lv Rongjian , Li Hua , Sun Qiubai , Li Bowen
Published: December 2023

In emergencies similar to virus spreading in an epidemic model, panic can spread in groups, which brings serious bad effects to society. To explore the transmission mechanism and decision-making behavior of panic, a government strategy was proposed in this paper to control the spread of panic. First, based on the SEIR epidemiological model, considering the delay effect between susceptible and exposed individuals and taking the infection rate of panic as a time-varying variable, a SEIR delayed panic spread model was established and the basic regeneration number of the proposed model was calculated. Second, the control strategy was expressed as a state delayed feedback and solved using the exact linearization method of nonlinear control system; the control law for the system was determined, and its stability was proven. The aim was to eradicate panic from the group so that the recovered group tracks the whole group asymptotically. Finally, we simulated the proposed strategy of controlling the spread of panic to illustrate our theoretical results.
The Power of Influence
Authors: Behare Nitesh , Mahajan Rashmi D. , Singh Meenakshi , Iyer Vishwanathan , Gupta Ushmita , Somani Pritesh P.
Published: December 2023

This chapter provides an overview of influencer marketing, its evolution, development, and popularity in recent years. It emphasizes the significance and potential of influencer marketing for businesses in reaching and engaging their target audience. The chapter further explores different types of influencers, the role of influencers, and how to recognize the right influencers for a brand or target audience. It also explores various benefits of influencer marketing. The chapter also covers measuring and analyzing influencer marketing success through key performance indicators (KPIs), evaluating ROI, and tracking campaign performance using data to optimize future campaigns. This chapter also revealed challenges and risks associated with influencer marketing. Finally, emerging trends and the future outlook of influencer marketing, including new platforms, integration with other marketing strategies, and predictions for the field, are also explored.
Virtual Influencers
Authors: Martin Mario Sierra , Casquero Alvaro Díaz , Pérez Marina Sánchez , Rodríguez Bárbara Rando
Published: December 2023

The digital revolution has fueled the rise of influencers who shape opinions and behaviors online. However, the arrival of virtual influencers, avatars generated by artificial intelligence, is transforming advertising. These avatars, like Lil Miquela, are run by brands and agencies, offer customization and flexibility, and pose fewer ethical risks. Although they are not always as effective as humans, they can be valuable in rational campaigns. In a world where artificial intelligence is growing, these virtual influencers are emerging as a powerful tool in marketing. This chapter explores its importance and evolution in society and marketing.
DOENCA PERIODONTAL COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA DOENÇA CARDIOVASCULAR: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Schneider Driele Fernanda , Hernandes Luzmarina , Fiorotto Ana Paula
Published: December 2023

Introdução: estudos recentes têm demonstrado que existe uma associação entre doença periodontal e as doenças cardiovasculares devido a inflamação sistêmica crônica que aquela gera no indivíduo. Objetivos: compilar artigos científicos que confirmem essa associação. Métodos: utilizou se a base dados PUBMed para pesquisa dos artigos, e foram encontrados um total de 551 publicações nos últimos 5 anos e foram eleitos 14 artigos. Resultados: mostram que níveis de citocinas inflamatórias foram maiores após a indução da doença periodontal, o que pode contribuir para uma disfunção endotelial. Também demonstraram que, a ativação de polimorfonucleares é maior em pacientes com doença periodontal o que indica efeito inflamatório sistêmico, a partir de uma inflamação local. E por fim, que o processo inflamatório desencadeado por lipopolissacarídeos de bactérias, eleva a gravidade da periodontite, a magnitude da inflamação e induzem formação de placa aterosclerótica. Conclusão: a doença periodontal promove inflamação sistêmica de forma crônica, capaz de interferir no sistema cardiovascular. Portanto, deve ser abordada como fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares.
BIOESTIMULANTES E SEU PAPEL NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM FUTURO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Dumont Negrelli João Gabriel , Boeira Vitor Hugo Piva , Andrade Camila Oliveira de , Mateus Corniani Natieli Jenifer , Mori Julia Calvi , Polonio Julio Cesar , Conte Helio
Published: December 2023

A crescente demanda por alimentos decorrente do aumento populacional tenderá a aumentar significativamente ao passar dos anos. Para lidar com isso, métodos cada vez mais eficientes e ecologicamente corretos devem ser implementados com propósito de garantir uma segurança alimentar para as próximas gerações. Além disso, a literatura aponta uma insustentabilidade repleta de problemas voltados para o uso de fertilizantes tradicionais devido a questões ambientais e de saúde humana. Por consequência, estudos e aplicações voltados para o uso de bioestimulantes no meio agrícola têm se tornado cada vez mais intensos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho visou referenciar artigos de no máximo 20 anos desde sua publicação, permitindo um estudo focado nas demandas atuais e seus desafios, apresentando uma série de dados pertinentes ao uso de bioestimulantes para a produção agrícola.
EXPERIÊNCIAS EXTENSIONISTAS COM A ASTRONOMIA: RELATO DO PROJETO ASTROPOP
Authors: Chiesa Bartelmebs Roberta , De Andrade de Assis Vinicius , Boma Tortola Leticia
Published: December 2023

Neste trabalho, apresentamos algumas das ações desenvolvidas no âmbito do projeto de extensão Astropop, em andamento no Setor Palotina. Nosso projeto tem como objetivo popularizar temas de Astronomia entre alunos(as) e professores(as) da Educação Básica. Entendemos que os temas de Astronomia são de extrema relevância para a sociedade, especialmente para as crianças, e podem ser importantes aliados dos professores de ciências na escola. Com esse foco, desde o início do ano fomos convidados a elaborar um texto mensal sobre Astronomia em um jornal de circulação local. Assim, produzimos textos de linguagem infantil sobre assuntos astronômicos visando instigar questionamentos sobre o tema, bem como propondo atividades para que sejam realizadas com as famílias ou mesmo no ambiente escolar. Além disso, realizamos oficinas, que ocorrem presencialmente no Laboratório de Ensino da universiade, onde são realizadas atividades teóricas e práticas com professores e estudantes a partir de temas de Astronomia presentes no currículo escolar.
Optimize Kalman Filter For Smart Phone Location Tracking Using GNSS Measurements
Authors: Yokanathan Rishoban
Published: December 2023

Point precise positioning (PPP) method allows to locate user with Global Navigation Satellite System under good condition. But this method is quite challenging to locate user when user is in urban areas with obstacles. Another alternative solutions such as Real Time Kinematic solve these problems with differential measurements. In real world scenario, raw GNSS measurements have usually noisy and uncertain data. Kalman filter is successful method to optimally update variables with indirect measurements. This research proposes the method to optimize Kalman filter based PPP to improve smart phone location tracking. Evaluation method showed that proposed method worked well with approximately 3.0 meter accuracy and outperformed base line model which is calculated using Weighted-Least-Square (WLS) solver.
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in Kurdistan region/Iraq
Authors: Rasool Sarween Sherzad , Mohammad Nawsherwan Sadiq , Hamza Hiwa Hassan , Alnuaimy Sarah Laith
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Mutations in the FLT3 gene are very common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations are linked to a high chance of the disease relapse and decrease overall survival. This study aimed to investigate this mutation in AML cases and to correlate it with the clinicopathological presentation and their response to induction therapy.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to investigate this mutation in AML cases and to correlate it with the clinicopathological presentation and their response to induction therapy.

METHODS:

This study was done on 63 AML cases; for each patient, the clinical presentation and the hematological lab parameters were recorded. The results of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation were recorded and the mutation was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction technology. Postinduction assessment was recorded for each patient.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the studied group was 36.06 (22.42), with a male to female ratio of 1:1.6. Out of 63 AML patients, 16 (25.4%) had FLT3-ITD mutation. The highest incidence of the mutation was found among the age group of 10–19 years (40%). The highest incidence of FLT3 mutation was among M3 (45.5%). The blast count was significantly higher in patients with than without the mutation (P = 0.04). The remission rate was significantly lower in FLT3 AML patients than in those lacking the mutation (P = 0.45).

CONCLUSION:

FLT3-ITD mutation was common in our AML patients. This mutation was associated with significantly higher counts of blast and poorer response to induction therapy; thus, it is considered one of the poor prognostic factors.
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Practical Issues in Management
Authors: Roper Tayeba , Salama Alan David
Published: December 2023

ANCA associated vasculitides are multi-system autoimmune diseases which are increasing in prevalence. In this review we will discuss the clinical manifestations and review the management options. We highlight the various trials of induction and maintenance therapy and discuss the areas of unmet need. These include understanding which patients are at highest risk of relapse, clinical adaptation of improved biomarkers of disease activity and tools to discuss long term prognosis
Firth's penalized logistic regression: A superior approach for analysis of data from India's National Mental Health Survey, 2016
Authors: Suhas Satish , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N. , Varghese Mathew , Gururaj Gopalkrishna
Published: December 2023

The National Mental Health Survey of India (NMHS) was a ground-breaking nationwide study that harnessed a uniform, standardized methodology blending quantitative and qualitative approaches. Covering data from 12 states across diverse regions, its mission was to gauge the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, bridge treatment gaps, explore service utilization, and gauge the socioeconomic repercussions of these conditions. This initiative provided pivotal insights into the intricate landscape of mental health in India. One of the analyses planned for NMHS data was to undertake a logistic regression analysis with an aim to unravel how various sociodemographic factors influence the presence or absence of specific psychiatric disorders. Within this pursuit, two substantial challenges loomed. The first pertained to data separation, a complication that could perturb parameter estimation. The second challenge stemmed from the existence of disorders with lower prevalence rates, which resulted in datasets of limited density, potentially undermining the statistical reliability of our analysis. In response to these data-driven hurdles, NMHS recognized the critical necessity for an alternative to conventional logistic regression, one that could adeptly navigate these complexities, ensuring robust and dependable insights from the collected data. Traditional logistic regression, a widely prevalent method for modeling binary outcomes, has its limitations, especially when faced with limited datasets and rare outcomes. Here, the problem of “complete separation” can lead to convergence failure in traditional logistic regression estimations, a conundrum frequently encountered when handling binary variables. Firth's penalized logistic regression emerges as a potent solution to these challenges, effectively mitigating analytical biases rooted in small sample sizes, rare events, and complete separation. This article endeavors to illuminate the superior efficacy of Firth's method in managing small datasets within scientific research and advocates for its more widespread application. We provide a succinct introduction to Firth's method, emphasizing its distinct advantages over alternative analytical approaches and underscoring its application to data from the NMHS 2015–2016, particularly for disorders with lower prevalence.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India: A population-based study
Authors: Hegde Prakyath Ravindranath , Nirisha Lakshmi P. , Basavarajappa Chethan , Suhas Satish , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N. , Varghese Mathew , Gururaj Gopalkrishna ,   NMHS National Collaborators Group
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders represent a significant global health concern, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India, conducted between 2015 and 2016, investigated the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.

Materials and Methods:

The NMHS conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 12 Indian states from 2015 to 2016, encompassing 34,802 adults. The overall study design of the NMHS was a multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, incorporating random selection based on probability proportion to size at each stage. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 was used for psychiatric diagnoses, disability was assessed using Sheehan's disability scale, and the illness-related socioeconomic impact was assessed using a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Firth penalized logistic regression was employed to understand the correlates of current schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Results:

The study found a lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders at 1.41%, with a current prevalence of 0.42%. A substantial treatment gap of 72% existed for current cases, rising to 83.3% in urban non-metro areas. The penalized logistic regression revealed that the age group category of 30–49 years, unemployed status, and lower education level had higher odds of association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Conclusion:

The primary finding of this study is a lifetime prevalence of 1.41%, a current prevalence of 0.42%, and a substantial treatment gap of 72%. Addressing this treatment gap and holistic intervention is crucial for reducing the socioeconomic impact of this disorder. Strengthening the National Mental Health Program and implementing community-based rehabilitation are essential first steps in this direction.
Treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders in Punjab
Authors: Garg Rohit , Chavan Bir Singh , Das Subhash , Puri Sonia , Banavaram Arvind A. , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N. , Varghese Mathew , Gururaj Gopalkrishna
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:

There is no data on the treatment gap and health care utilization for mental disorders from Punjab. The present study reports on the same by using the data collected during the National Mental Health Survey.

Settings and Design:

Multisite, multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling study conducted in four districts, namely Faridkot, Moga, Patiala, and Ludhiana (for urban metro areas). Data were collected from October 2015 to March 2016.

Materials and Methods:

Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0 and Adapted Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale were used to diagnose mental and behavioral disorders and tobacco use disorder, respectively. Pathways Interview Schedule of the World Health Organization was applied to persons having any disorder to assess treatment gap and health care utilization. Exploratory focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to understand the community perceptions regarding mental and behavioral disorders.

Results:

The treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders was 79.59%, and it was higher for common mental disorders than severe mental disorders and higher for alcohol and tobacco use disorders as compared to opioid use disorders. The median treatment lag was 6 months. Only seven patients out of 79 were taking treatment from a psychiatrist, and the average distance traveled by the patient for treatment was 37.61 ± 45.5 km. Many attitudinal, structural, and other barriers leading to high treatment gaps were identified during FGDs in the community, such as stigma, poor knowledge about mental health, deficiency of psychiatrists, and distance from the hospital.

Conclusions:

Vertical as well as horizontal multisectoral integration is required to reduce the treatment gap and improve healthcare utilization. Increasing mental health literacy, providing high-quality mental health services at the primary-healthcare level and human resources development are the need of the hour.
Conjunctival necrosis due to periocular clear steroid injection mimicking scleral nodule
Authors: Natarajan Radhika , Giridhar Divya , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy , Bharathselvi Muthuvel
Published: December 2023

Conjunctival necrosis with or without scleritis is a rare complication following periocular administration of corticosteroids. A 60-year-old lady presented with a diffuse scleral nodule with an overlying sinus in her left eye following cataract surgery. Tests for immune and infective etiology were negative. Due to its recalcitrant nature despite scraping, antibiotic, and steroid treatment, she underwent a scleral biopsy of the affected area, which was negative for organisms. However, high-pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector revealed a significant presence of dexamethasone in the biopsy samples, which was the possible cause of conjunctival necrosis and ulceration mimicking scleritis.
Genital Tuberculosis in a Nigerian Woman with Primary Infertility
Authors: Ugwu Aloy Okechukwu , Harrison Nkechinyere Elizabeth , Haruna Muibat , Ayeni Sunday Abraham
Published: December 2023

We present a 30-year-old nullipara with a two-year history of inability to conceive and a 30-month history of recurrent lower abdominal pain. A transvaginal ultrasound scan showed a right complex adnexal mass measuring 70 cm × 65 cm; tumor makers were essentially normal aside marginally elevated CA-125. She subsequently had exploratory laparotomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy, and a histopathology examination of the specimen revealed caseous necrosis, granuloma formation with a rim of the Langhans giant cells within the wall of the fallopian tube. Serum tuberculosis (TB) QuantiFERON was also positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She is currently on anti-Koch’s and is responding to treatment. This case report aims to highlight the need for exploring other causes of chronic pelvic pain and primary infertility when evaluating women with similar history in our environment, especially in TB endemic areas.
Synopsis of Clients Seen at the Adolescent and Social Paediatrics Unit of a Tertiary Health Facility in South-East Nigeria: A Three-year Review
Authors: Anyanwu Onyinye Uchenna , Ikegwuonu Charles Izuchukwu , Uro-Chukwu Henry Chukwuemeka , Daniyan Olapeju Wunmi , Ezeanosike Obumneme Benaiah , Nwukor Samuel , Okich Chikosolu Yvonne , Onwe Emeka Ogah
Published: December 2023

Background:

The adolescent period is a unique and crucial period of growth and development, in which the child transits from childhood to adulthood. It is characterised by several changes, both physiological and psychological, in preparation for adulthood. Thus, their health needs and health challenges differ from that of other children. Hence, the need to pay special attention to them and provide health and social support tailored toward their needs.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the pattern of cases that presented to the Adolescent and Social Pediatrics Unit (ASP) of the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) over a three-year period.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study done to determine the pattern of cases seen at the Adolescent and Social Paediatrics Unit of the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, between 2017 and 2019. Case files of all patients seen within the study period were retrieved, and all were included in the study. Relevant information such as age, gender, social class, diagnosis for both adolescent and nonadolescent age groups, treatment modalities, clinical subspecialties involved in management, and the outcome were retrieved. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 25, and results were presented as ratios, means, and proportions, whereas comparisons were made with the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact were applicable. P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 220 clients were seen over the given period. The adolescents were 148 (67.3%), whereas nonadolescents were 72 (32.7%). Among the adolescents, common diagnoses include sexual assault (24.3%), acne (8.1%), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) (8.1%), HIV (8.1%), somatisation disorder (6.8%), suicide attempts (5.4%), oppositional deviant disorders (4.1%), and conduct disorder (2.7%). In nonadolescents, common diagnoses include sepsis (30.6%), Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) (30.6%), and malaria (11.1%). There was a significant difference between the adolescents and nonadolescents with respect to diagnosis (P < 0.001), treatment modalities (P < 0.001), type of care received (P < 0.001), and outcome (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The study has portrayed that the common medical conditions seen among adolescents include sexual assault, acne, HIV, PID/STI, and somatisation. This will be useful in developing health-care services and program geared toward adolescent health.
Prevalence, Pattern, and Perception of Female Undergraduates about Sexual Harassment in a Tertiary Institution in Southwestern Nigeria: An Evaluation of the National Bill on Sexual Harassment
Authors: Olugbenga-Bello Adenike Iyanuoluwa , Jegede Oluwatosin Samson , Ijitade Grace , Aderinto Nicholas , Olajide Abolade Oluwatosin
Published: December 2023

Background:

A current national bill on sexual harassment proposes jail terms for failure to investigate and prosecute the offenders of sexual harassment at Nigerian colleges and universities.

Aim:

The study aimed to effectively evaluate the impacts of the new bill, we assessed the current prevalence rates and pattern of sexual harassment among female undergraduates in Southwestern, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

Data were obtained from 420 respondents in a cross-sectional study design. We included female aged 18 years and above and excluded students in their first year. Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS version 28. Multivariate analysis was done to identify the predictors of sexual harassment.

Results:

The prevalence of sexual harassment was 48.2% among participants, and the highest perpetrators of harassment were victims’ boyfriends. The common patterns of harassment experienced by respondents include sexual jokes or stories that were insulting or offensive (44.7%), brushing of body parts in an unwelcomed manner (27.8%), and persistent demand for sex by lecturers or students (20.6%) among others. After controlling for possible confounders, the odds of sexual harassment was 0.604 times (95% confidence interval: 0.388–0.942) less likely among students in higher academic years (i.e., 400 and 500 levels) compared to those in lower academic years (200 and 300 levels).

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of sexual harassment in our study indicates that southwestern universities are yet to meet the goals of the national bill. Institutions of higher learning are urged to discourage societal tolerance for sexual harassment by enforcing sexual harassment prevention regulations in the national bill.
Blood Pressure Trend in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan African Region
Authors: Adiele Daberechi Kenneth , Ojinnaka Ngozi Chinyelu , Okafor Henrietta Uchenna , Chinawa Josephat Maduabuchi
Published: December 2023

Background:

Various mechanisms are involved in the development of hypertension in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), some of which are due to the disease process, while some are due to the treatments employed in CKD.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the trend of blood pressure in Nigerian children with CKD comparable with controls.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study assessing the blood pressure of children from 6 to 17 years with CKD and selected age- and sex-matched controls who were recruited consecutively at the Paediatric Nephrology Clinic and Children Outpatient Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.

Results:

The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 126.08 ± 37.43 mmHg for subjects compared to 105.04 ± 14.33 mmHg for controls, whereas the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 78.96 ± 22.74 mmHg for subjects compared to 66.25 ± 10.66 mmHg for controls. The distribution of SBP and DBP across the CKD stages showed more severe hypertension (Stages I and II) prevalence in the later stages of CKD (Stages 4 and 5) (χ
y

2 = 7.21, P = 0.01, respectively). The mean value of the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was 94.67 ± 26.98 mmHg for subjects compared to 79.18 ± 10.61 mmHg for controls. The increase in MAP across the stages of CKD was significant.

Conclusion:

This study shows a high prevalence of the severe forms of high blood pressure in this group of children with CKD in the subregion.
Assessment of Eligibility and Utilization of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Korean Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 22-15)
Authors: Chun Seok-Joo , Jo Ji Hwan , Kim Yong Bae , Park Sangjoon , Ahn Sung-Ja , Kim Su Ssan , Kim Kyubo , Shin Kyung Hwan
Published: December 2023

PurposeWe investigated the proportions of patients eligible for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) among those with pT1-2N0 breast cancer, based on the criteria set by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO), the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS). Additionally, we analyzed the rate of APBI utilization among eligible patients.Materials and MethodsPatients diagnosed with pT1-2N0 breast cancer in 2019 were accrued in four tertiary medical centers in Korea. All patients had undergone breast conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy, either whole breast irradiation or APBI. To determine which guideline best predicts the use of APBI in Korea, the F1 score and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) were determined for each guideline.ResultsA total of 1,251 patients were analyzed, of whom 196 (15.7%) underwent APBI. The percentages of eligible patients identified by the ASTRO, GEC-ESTRO, ABS, and ASBS criteria were 13.7%, 21.0%, 50.5%, and 63.5%, respectively. APBI was used to treat 54.4%, 37.2%, 27.1%, and 23.7% of patients eligible by the ASTRO, GEC-ESTRO, ABS, and ASBS criteria, respectively. The ASTRO guideline exhibited the highest F1 score (0.76) and MCC (0.67), thus showing the best prediction of APBI utilization in Korea.ConclusionThe proportion of Korean breast cancer patients who are candidates for APBI is substantial. The actual rate of APBI utilization among eligible patients may suggest there is a room for risk-stratified optimization in offering radiation therapy.
Multibody Dynamics Modeling of a Continuous Rubber Track System. Part 2—Experimental Evaluation of Load Prediction
Authors: Duhamel Olivier , Faivre Antoine , Plante Jean-Sébastien
Published: December 2023

Vehicles equipped with rubber track systems feature a high level of performance but are challenging to design due to the complex components involved and the large number of degrees of freedom, thus raising the need to develop validated numerical simulation tools.

In this article, a multibody dynamics (MBD) model of a continuous rubber track system developed in Part 1 is compared with extensive experimental data to evaluate the model accuracy over a wide range of operating conditions (tractor speed and rear axle load). The experiment consists of crossing an instrumented bump-shaped obstacle with a tractor equipped with a pair of rubber track systems on the rear axle. Experimental responses are synchronized with simulation results using a cross-correlation approach.

The vertical and longitudinal maximum forces predicted by the model, respectively, show average relative errors of 34% and 39% compared to experimental data (1–16 km/h). In both cases, the average relative error is lower for tractor speed from 1 to 7 km/h, namely 20% and 35%. The model and experimental amplitudes spectra of the force signals are compared using the coefficient of determination r2. In the 1 to 7 km/h tractor speed range, the average vertical and longitudinal coefficients of determination are, respectively, 0.83 and 0.42. The coefficients, respectively, reduce to 0.27 and 0.14 for speeds over 7 km/h.

In summary, the model can predict the maximum vertical and longitudinal forces in addition to the amplitude spectrum of those signals for operating conditions up to 7 km/h, regardless of the rear axle load, with accuracy acceptable for many applications, such as load case determination for preliminary structural design. Several factors affecting the accuracy of the model at higher tractor speed are identified for future work including suspension creeping, suspension compression characterization at high strain rates, and temperature dependence of material properties.
The Appeal of Haiku in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Čerče Danica
Published: December 2023

According to Boris A. Novak (2016), haiku has become one of the most popular poetic forms in the world (45). The article elucidates the initial reception and later development of this micro-poetic form in the former Yugoslav republics, particularly in Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia. Analyzing some representative poems, with particular attention to understatement as one of the vital aesthetic features of haiku, the article demonstrates that it responds to local socio-political and cultural realities and has the potential to make a distinctive contribution to contemporary public life and interpersonal relations.
Art, Nature and Politics in Spring
Authors: Pekarčíková Frederika , Šnircová Soňa
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the third instalment of Ali Smith’s Seasonal Quartet, a work whose complex multi-voiced narrative addresses various important issues including the role of art in the contemporary world. The authors of the article employ two theoretical frameworks, Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and Vermeulen and van den Akker’s studies on metamodernism, to argue that Smith adopts a dialogical approach to the theme of art. With the help of close reading the authors map the dialogical clashes between the main voices and the semantic positions which are taken in order to demonstrate that the central dialogue presented within the novel is that between postmodern and metamodern sensibilities. Special attention is paid to the character Richard who represents the clear replacement of the postmodern sensibility with a metamodern approach through his semantic position, as is informed by his search for universality in art, his neo-romantic turn to the appreciation of the beauty of nature and his rejection of the postmodern trends that produce superficial and inauthentic forms of art.
Salinity tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to seawater and growth responses to different feeds and culture systems
Authors: Mirera David Oersted , Okemwa Douglas
Published: December 2023

The inability to acclimatise, feed and grow Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in full seawater salinity has been a major obstacle to farming in marine waters. We investigated the salinity tolerance of O. niloticus and growth responses to different feeds and culture systems. Fish were first acclimatised to different salinities in laboratory aquaria, and the survival and growth performance in sea water were then assessed in aquaria, cages and ponds. Acclimatization to seawater salinity (5 – 30) took place at a rate of 5 every 9 days. Fish were stocked at densities of 5 fish/20 L in aquaria, 5 fish/m2 in cages and 3 fish/m2 in ponds. Replicates of 5, 3 and 3 were performed in aquaria, cages and ponds, respectively. Fish were fed on commercial (1 and 2) and locally formulated (30 % crude protein) diets. Mortality rates were higher in aquaria, when fish were introduced to salinities between 5 and 30 over 24 hours. Gradual salinity adjustments attained a stable survival rate of 78 % at salinities above 30. Aquarium experiments indicated significant negative correlation between salinity and survival (p < 0.001, r = 0.387) and daily growth rates varied with diet (0.01 – 0.05 g/day). Acclimatized fish showed minimal mortality in ponds and cages. Daily growth rates varied with diet and culture system; 0.54 - 2.48 g/day in cages and 1.1 - 2.5 g/day in ponds. Fish fed on commercial feed 2 showed significant growth rates for all culture methods (p < 0.05). O. niloticus could be fully acclimatised to seawater and attained promising growth rates when subjected to different commercial diets indicating potential of farming the species in marine waters.
Application of a new inhibitor for the corrosion of iron in acidic solution: Electrochemical effect of a scorpion venom
Authors: ÖZKIR Demet , SEYYAR Osman
Published: December 2023

In this study, the venom of the species Leiurus abdullahbayrami, known as the yellow scorpion from the Buthidae family, was applied for the first time as a natural corrosion inhibitor for iron in hydrochloric acid solution. The effectiveness of scorpion venom as an eco-friendly and natural inhibitor was determined by electrochemical methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel extrapolation method) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) after an hour of immersion. Four different concentrations were determined for the green and natural inhibitor scorpion venom in 1.0 M HCl, and it was observed that the corrosion of iron in these solutions was significantly inhibited. In general, the inhibition efficiency was above 80%. According to the potentiodynamic polarization data, it has been determined that the Leiurus abdullahbayrami venom acts as a cathodic-type inhibitor on the Fe surface. Finally, the surface images of the iron electrodes in 1.0 M HCl solutions without and with Leiurus abdullahbayrami venom after 1 h immersion were examined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), it was concluded that the surface containing scorpion venom had a flatter compared to the uninhibited surface.
Sideritis species in challenging against cancer: Cytotoxic, antiproliferative and apoptotic roles on different cancer cells
Authors: YUMRUTAŞ Önder , PEHLİVAN Mustafa , YUMRUTAŞ Pınar
Published: December 2023

Sideritis species belonging to the Lamiaceae family are represented by many species around the world. They exhibit many bioactivities due to their important phytochemicals. They have remarkable bioactivities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, etc. for important sectors such as pharmaceuticals and food. They are thought to be important resources in the fight against cancer, especially due to their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Many studies on various cancer cells have reported cytotoxic, antiproliferative and apoptotic properties of sideritis species. In this study, the phytochemical contents of sideritis species growing in different geographies and their cytotoxic, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in the fight against cancer were discussed in detail molecularly.
Genetic analysis of the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) through feather colour-associated markers in Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Pardo-Pérez Enrique , Florez-Martínez Daniel , Begambre-Hernández Mauricio
Published: December 2023

The species known as the domestic pigeon, scientifically Columba livia, has managed to establish itself successfully in urban environments of numerous cities around the world. This expansion has become so significant that it has triggered concerns related to its tendency to nest in human-built structures. This nesting behaviour has contributed to the deterioration of these buildings. The distinctive presence of these birds in neighbourhoods and plazas has generated a growing interest in better understanding the genetic patterns that encode their varied coloration and plumage designs. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of the population of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Montería, Colombia, using phenotypic markers of plumage. Random sampling was conducted between March and April 2023 on 21 flocks of pigeons within the municipality of Montería. Through urban excursions, direct observation, and photographic records, 1570 individuals were phenotypically classified. Autosomal markers encoding coloration and plumage design were studied: Checker (C), Grizzle (G), Spread (S), and Ash-Red (B). The genetic profiles of subpopulations of domestic pigeons were established using the following genetic population indices: expected heterozygosity (He), total genetic diversity (HT), diversity within populations (HS), diversity between populations (DST), coefficient of genetic diversity (GST), gene flow (Nm), and genetic distance between populations. It was found that the most common allele in the studied populations is Checker, allelic frequencies ranged from 0.315 for the Checker gene to 0.005 for the Spread marker. Total genetic diversity was moderate, and genetic differentiation between populations was low, accompanied by a high gene flow. An excess of heterozygotes was also observed, and low genetic distance values were found between populations. The results indicate limited genetic differentiation among populations, leading to the conclusion that pigeon populations in Montería are highly related.
Grit and its associated factors among final year pharmacy students in public universities in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Nwachuya Chukwuemeka Augustine , Aniefuna Chisom Victoria , Onyehalu Jennifer Chinaecherem , Mmuo Somadina Sixtus , Agozue Onyinyechi Cynthia , Ugwu Dickson Onyedikachi , Amandi Nancy Chinwe , Asogwa John Chidimma , Umeh Anthony Uche , Ugochukwu Ezinwanne Jane , Ubaka Chukwuemeka Micheal
Published: December 2023

Background: Assessing grit among pharmacy students provides insights into the students' experiences as well as the importance of implementing interventions to increase their levels of grit. The purpose of this study was to assess students' grit in Nigerian pharmacy schools and to identify factors that predict the amount of grit among pharmacy students.   
Methods: This study utilised a nine-item questionnaire-based cross-sectional design among final-year pharmacy students from one public university, in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria for a month. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed.   
Results: A total of 590 pharmacy students responded to the questionnaire (response rate = 66.89%). Most students 409 (69.32%) were between the ages of 20 - 25 years. A majority, 573 (97.1%) reported being free from any chronic diseases and 427 (72.37%) reported being engaged in extracurricular activities. A group mean grit score of 37.091 ± 0.253 was observed. Students from all the schools reported ‘Not Like me’ 14 (2.37%) to ‘I have overcome setbacks to conquer an important challenge’, while 275 (46.61%) chose ‘Very much like me’. Predictors of high grit level were institution (Beta, p-value), mode of accommodation (ꞵ = 1.494, p = .039), and sponsorship (ꞵ = 4.207, p = .047).   
Conclusion: Pharmacy students in Nigeria have a high grit level and the institution of study had an impact on the level of grit.
Trust Through Publicity?
Authors: Owetschkin Dimitrij
Published: December 2023

The relationship between political trust, the public sphere and transparency or pub- licity has thus far been analyzed mainly from the perspective of political philosophy and the political and social sciences. Within historical research, however, it is rarely discussed. This article combines systemic and historical approaches to this complex and ambivalent relationship and places it in the context of the development of public spheres. From the perspective of the history of ideas and discourses, the article argues that the emergence, shifts and ambivalences of political public spheres played a signif- icant role in the development of the relationship between trust and transparency in the modern age. Using examples from the epoch of the Enlightenment and liberalism, particularly with regard to constitutional debates in the nineteenth and twentieth cen- turies, the contradictory place of trust and control in publicity demands and the polit- ical discourse can be demonstrated. It becomes apparent that, in the development of constitutional democracy, an institutionalized distrust—among others, by means of publicity or transparency—established a basis whereon political trust could emerge. Thereby, a primarily problem-oriented, genetic perspective proves to be particularly fruitful in examining the relationship between political trust, publicity and transpar- ency, including its structural complexities and ambivalences.
Digital IC Tester For 74XX Series using PIC18F4550
Authors: Pujari Arati , Patil Yash , Mulani Nazneen , Bhale Tejashri , Jadhav Ankita
Published: December 2023

A microcontroller-based circuit known as a "digital IC tester" determines if an integrated circuit is in good operating order or not. Product testing is a costly and time-consuming procedure in industries. Testing is required before the system is fully operational to prevent mistakes and undesirable outcomes. Similar to this, in educational institutions, it is required to verify whether the IC is excellent or bad before doing experiments during practicals. Numerous minor IC flaws cause the system to operate erratically and generate incorrect outputs. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use a PIC microcontroller to construct an IC tester that can test the majority of integrated circuits in the 74xx series logic gates. The main goal of this project is to simulate the features of a logic gate IC and use the truth table of that specific IC to verify the state of the gates in that IC. Several design philosophies were contrasted before one was ultimately put into practice. Following the successful completion of simulation and testing, they were combined to produce the final version.
Implicaciones bioéticas para la instauración del tratamiento en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
Authors: Seco Fernández Ana Carmen , Jaimes Cienfuegos Javier
Published: December 2023

Dada la alta prevalencia de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, se vuelve imprescindible comprender sus motivos y ofrecer el mejor tratamiento posible que valore tanto al paciente como su contexto para lograr el éxito, así como la satisfacción de un paciente que es escuchado. Considerando que la etiología de los trastornos es ya conocida como multifactorial y desde un contexto ético-médico-psicológico ampliamos el panorama del paciente, focalizamos la toma de decisión respecto al tratamiento del trastorno alimentario, algunas veces sustentado en falsas creencias, brindando el derecho a la vida y al libre ejercicio de su autonomía.
Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Enfoque desde la biología de la conducta a la neurogenética
Authors: Ramos Raudry Elizabeth , Valdez Gaona Jesús
Published: December 2023

Este capítulo tiene como objetivo el abordaje de los aspectos relacionados con biología de la conducta de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y de la ingesta de alimentos, así como sus criterios diagnósticos de acuerdo al DMS-V, el perfil clínico y su clasificación actual. En la primera parte, haremos un recorrido histórico, haciendo hincapié en los cambios tanto a nivel conceptual como en los criterios diagnósticos en nuestros días. Se revisan las consideraciones generales de la conducta y su rol en la alimentación. Nos enfocaremos a las bases moleculares, poniendo especial atención en los genes relacionados a este padecimiento desde una perspectiva predictiva que sirva de marco para futuras de investigaciones. Se describirán las bases moleculares del control neuroendocrino de la alimentación. Dentro de Biología de la conducta, haremos mención de los neurotransmisores implicados. Describiremos a grandes rasgos el perfil clínico poniendo especial intención en la arquitectura del sueño, particularmente en la anorexia, así como la Neurobiología de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y de la ingesta de alimentos. Por último, se dará conocer los aspectos de la neurogenética y la relación que guarda el 5-HTTLPR del gen SLC6A4.