bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio in fiber-optics based SERS detection by rough-cutting the end surface
Authors: Shin Minkyung , kim kyunghun , jeong dae hong
Published: March 2023

Fiber-optics based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (FO-SERS) has an unique advantage of being able to remotely detect analyte molecules because the fiber length can be adjusted as desired. However, the Raman signal of the fiber-optic material is so strong that it is an important challenge in utilization of optical fiber for remote SERS sensing. In this study, we found that the background noise signal was greatly reduced by ca. 32% compared to conventional fiber-optics with a flat surface cut. To confirm the feasibility of FO-SERS detection, silver nanoparticles labeled with 4-fluorobenzenethiol were attached onto the end surface of an optical fiber to form a SERS-signaling substrate. The SERS intensity from the fiber-optics with a roughened surface as SERS substrate was increased significantly with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values compared to optical fibers with flat end surface. This result implies that the fiber-optics with roughened surface could be used as an efficient alternative for FO-SERS sensing platform.
Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:Sc2SiO5 laser generating 38 fs pulses
Authors: Dong Lulu , Lin Zhang-Lang , Loiko Pavel , Liu Yichen , Zhang Ge , Zeng Huang-Jun , Xue Wen-Ze , Liu Shande , Zheng Lihe , Su Liangbi , Mateos Xavier , Lin Haifeng , Petrov Valentin , Wang Li , Chen Weidong
Published: March 2023

We report on sub-40 fs pulse generation from a Yb:Sc2SiO5 laser pumped by a spatially single-mode fiber-coupled laser diode at 976 nm. A maximum output power of 545 mW was obtained at 1062.6 nm in the continuous-wave regime, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 64% and a laser threshold of 143 mW. A continuous wavelength tuning across 80 nm (1030 -1110 nm) was also achieved. Implementing a SESAM for starting and stabilizing the mode-locked operation, the Yb:Sc2SiO5 laser delivered soliton pulses as short as 38 fs at 1069.5 nm with an average output power of 76 mW at a pulse repetition rate of ∼79.8 MHz. The maximum output power was scaled to 216 mW for slightly longer pulses of 42 fs, which corresponded to a peak power of 56.6 kW and an optical efficiency of 22.7%. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the shortest pulses ever achieved with any Yb3+-doped rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal.
Controllable self-rotating array beam with an arc-shaped accelerating trajectory
Authors: Niu Kai , Liu Yi , Chu Zhibin , Tian Qiang , He Xi , Pan Chengpeng , Wang Fuliang
Published: March 2023

In this study, a modified interfering vortex phase mask (MIVPM) is proposed to generate a new type of self-rotating beam. The MIVPM is based on a conventional and stretched vortex phase for generating a self-rotating beam that rotates continuously with increasing propagation distances. A combined phase mask can produce multi-rotating array beams with controllable sub-region number. The combination method of this phase was analyzed in detail. This study proves that this self-rotating array beam has an effectively enhanced central lobe and reduced side lobe owing to adding a vortex phase mask compared with a conventional self-rotating beam. Furthermore, the propagation dynamics of this beam can be modulated by varying the topological charge and constant a. With an increase in the topological charge, the area crossed by the peak beam intensity along the propagation axis increases. Meanwhile, the novel self-rotating beam is used for optical manipulation under phase gradient force. The proposed self-rotating array beam has potential applications in optical manipulation and spatial localization.
Resolution enhancement for interrogating fiber Bragg grating sensor network using dilated U-Net
Authors: Li Baocheng , Tan Zhi-Wei , Zhang Hailiang , Shum Perry Ping , Hu Dora Juanjuan , Wong Liang Jie
Published: March 2023

In the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network, the signal resolution of the reflected spectrum is correlated with the network's sensing accuracy. The interrogator determines the signal resolution limits, and a coarser resolution results in an enormous uncertainty in sensing measurement. In addition, the multi-peak signals from the FBG sensor network are often overlapped; this increases the complexity of the resolution enhancement task, especially when the signals have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here, we show that deep learning with U-Net architecture can enhance the signal resolution for interrogating the FBG sensor network without hardware modifications. The signal resolution is effectively enhanced by 100 times with an average root mean square error (RMSE) < 2.25 pm. The proposed model, therefore, allows the existing low-resolution interrogator in the FBG setup to function as though it contains a much higher-resolution interrogator.
Dynamic non-uniform phase shift measurement via Doppler frequency shift in vortex interferometer
Authors: Dong Jingtao , Tian Zhipeng , Wang Shuo , Xie Liyuan , Li Yangyang , Zhao Enxi
Published: March 2023

A vortex beam interferometer based on Doppler frequency shift is proposed to retrieve the dynamic non-uniform phase shift from the petal-like fringes produced by the coaxial superposition of high-order conjugated Laguerre–Gaussian modes. Unlike the uniform phase shift measurement in which the petal-like fringes rotate as a whole, the fringes due to the dynamic non-uniform phase shift rotate at different angles at different radii, resulting in highly twisted and stretched petals; this hinders rotation angle identification and phase retrieval via image morphological operation. To address the problem, a rotating chopper combined with a collecting lens and a point photodetector are placed at the exit of the vortex interferometer to introduce a carrier frequency in the absence of the phase shift. Once the phase starts to shift non-uniformly, the petals at different radii generate different Doppler frequency shifts, owing to their different rotation velocities. Thus, identification of spectral peaks near the carrier frequency immediately indicates the rotation velocities of the petals and the phase shifts at those radii. The results verified a relative error of phase shift measurement to be within 2.2% at the surface deformation velocities of 1, 0.5, and 0.2 µm/s. The method manifests itself to have potential in exploiting mechanical and thermophysical dynamics from the nanometer to micrometer scale.
Experimental evaluation of digitally verifiable photonic computing for blockchain and cryptocurrency
Authors: Pai Sunil , Park Taewon , Ball Marshall , Penkovsky Bogdan , Dubrovsky Michael , Abebe Nathnael , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Morichetti Francesco , Melloni Andrea , Fan Shanhui , Solgaard Olav , Miller David A. B.
Published: March 2023

As blockchain technology and cryptocurrency become increasingly mainstream, photonic computing has emerged as an efficient hardware platform that reduces ever-increasing energy costs required to verify transactions in decentralized cryptonetworks. To reduce sensitivity of these verifications to photonic hardware error, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a cryptographic scheme, LightHash, that implements robust, low-bit precision matrix multiplication in programmable silicon photonic networks. We demonstrate an error mitigation scheme to reduce error by averaging computation across circuits, and simulate energy-efficiency-error trade-offs for large circuit sizes. We conclude that our error-resistant and efficient hardware solution can potentially generate a new market for decentralized photonic blockchain.
Direct observation of longitudinal aberrated wavefields
Authors: Trevino J. P. , Coello V. , Jaimes-Nájera A. , Garcia-Ortiz C. E. , Chávez-Cerda S. , Gómez-Correa J. E.
Published: March 2023

Rather than focusing on a focal spot, aberrated wavefields spread out over a region. As a wave phenomenon, optical aberrations are analyzed in terms of waves propagating in the 3D space. In this work, we report the observation of 2D longitudinal aberrated wavefields. This observation can be visualized by mapping the intensity distributions of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that propagate on a metal/air interface using leakage radiation microscopy. The orientation of the SPP beam is tweaked by tilting and translating the system to mimic aberrated beams, presenting known Seidel terms: defocus, spherical, coma, and tilt aberration. This approach allows the examination of the longitudinal evolution of aberrated beams in a visual and rapid manner, in contrast to more complicated post-processing reconstructions.
Causes of death identified in neonates enrolled through Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS), December 2016 –December 2021
Authors: Mahtab Sana , Madhi Shabir A. , Baillie Vicky L. , Els Toyah , Thwala Bukiwe Nana , Onyango Dickens , Tippet-Barr Beth A. , Akelo Victor , Igunza Kitiezo Aggrey , Omore Richard , Arifeen Shams El , Gurley Emily S. , Alam Muntasir , Chowdhury Atique Iqbal , Rahman Afruna , Bassat Quique , Mandomando Inacio , Ajanovic Sara , Sitoe Antonio , Varo Rosauro , Sow Samba O. , Kotloff Karen L. , Badji Henry , Tapia Milagritos D. , Traore Cheick B. , Ogbuanu Ikechukwu U. , Bunn James , Luke Ronita , Sannoh Sulaiman , Swarray-Deen Alim , Assefa Nega , Scott J. Anthony G. , Madrid Lola , Marami Dadi , Fentaw Surafel , Diaz Maureen H. , Martines Roosecelis B. , Breiman Robert F. , Madewell Zachary J. , Blau Dianna M. , Whitney Cynthia G. ,   for the CHAMPS Consortium
Published: March 2023

Each year, 2.4 million children die within their first month of life. Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) established in 7 countries aims to generate accurate data on why such deaths occur and inform prevention strategies. Neonatal deaths that occurred between December 2016 and December 2021 were investigated with MITS within 24–72 hours of death. Testing included blood, cerebrospinal fluid and lung cultures, multi-pathogen PCR on blood, CSF, nasopharyngeal swabs and lung tissue, and histopathology examination of lung, liver and brain. Data collection included clinical record review and family interview using standardized verbal autopsy. The full set of data was reviewed by local experts using a standardized process (Determination of Cause of Death) to identify all relevant conditions leading to death (causal chain), per WHO recommendations. For analysis we stratified neonatal death into 24-hours of birth, early (1-<7 days) and late (7-<28 days) neonatal deaths. We analyzed 1458 deaths, 41% occurring within 24-hours, 41% early and 18% late neonatal deaths. Leading underlying causes of death were complications of intrapartum events (31%), complications of prematurity (28%), infections (17%), respiratory disorders (11%), and congenital malformations (8%). In addition to the underlying cause, 62% of deaths had additional conditions and 14% had ≥3 other conditions in the causal chain. The most common causes considering the whole causal chain were infection (40%), prematurity (32%) and respiratory distress syndrome (28%). Common maternal conditions linked to neonatal death were maternal hypertension (10%), labour and delivery complications (8%), multiple gestation (7%), placental complications (6%) obstructed labour and chorioamnionitis (5%, each). CHAMPS’ findings showing the full causal chain of events that lead to death, in addition to maternal factors, highlights the complexities involved in each death along with the multiple opportunities for prevention. Highlighting improvements to prenatal and obstetric care and infection prevention are urgently needed in high-mortality settings.
A identification method for critical causes of lifting injuries based on topological potential
Authors: Yang Yingliu , Jin Lianghai
Published: March 2023

In view of the deficiency that the traditional importance ranking method cannot be used to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the importance of the causes of hoisting injuries, an importance ranking method based on topological potential is proposed by using complex network theory and field theory in physics. First, the causes of 385 reported lifting injuries are divided into 36 independent causes at four levels through a systematic analysis approach, and the relationships among these causes are obtained through the Delphi method. Then, the accident causes are treated as nodes, and the relationships among the causes are used as edges to establish a network model of the causes of lifting accidents. The out-degree and in-degree topological potential of each node are calculated, and an importance ranking of lifting injuries causes is obtained. Finally, based on 11 evaluation indexes commonly used to assess node importance (node degree, betweenness centrality, etc.), the ability of the method proposed in this paper to effectively identify the key nodes in the cause network of lifting accidents is verified, and the conclusions can guide the safe implementation of lifting operations.
The efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia: Protocol for an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fei Xinxing , Wang Shiqi , Li Jiyang , Wang Jianxiong , Gao Yaqian , Hu Yue
Published: March 2023

Background

Schizophrenia is a chronic persistent disease with high recurrence rate and high disability rate in the field of psychiatry. Sodium nitroprusside is a nitric oxide (NO) donor and considered a promising new compound for the treatment of schizophrenia. New high-quality clinical trials of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia have been published in recent years. It is necessary to re-conduct the meta-analysis after the inclusion of these new clinical trials. Our study will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant literature in this field, so as to lay an evidence-based medicine foundation for the efficacy of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods and analysis

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia were searched through English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, WanFang Data, and CNKI). The extracted data will be inputted into Review Manager 5.3 for Meta-analysis. The included literature will be assessed for bias risk according to the bias risk assessment tools in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Funnel plots will be used to assess possible publication bias. Heterogeneity is tested by I2 and χ2 tests, and the existence of heterogeneity is defined as I2 ≥50% and P ≤0.1. If heterogeneity exists, the random-effect model will be used, and sensitivity analysis or subgroup analysis will be performed to further determine the source of heterogeneity.

Prospero registration number

CRD42022341681.
A critical role for ecdysone response genes in regulating egg production in adult female Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Benrabaa Samiha , Orchard Ian , Lange Angela B.
Published: March 2023

Ecdysteroids control ovary growth and egg production through a complex gene hierarchy. In the female Rhodnius prolixus, a blood-gorging triatomine and the vector of Chagas disease, we have identified the ecdysone response genes in the ovary using transcriptomic data. We then quantified the expression of the ecdysone response gene transcripts (E75, E74, BR-C, HR3, HR4, and FTZ-F1) in several tissues, including the ovary, following a blood meal. These results confirm the presence of these transcripts in several tissues in R. prolixus and show that the ecdysone response genes in the ovary are mostly upregulated during the first three days post blood meal (PBM). Knockdown of E75, E74, or FTZ-F1 transcripts using RNA interference (RNAi) was used to understand the role of the ecdysone response genes in vitellogenesis and egg production. Knockdown significantly decreases the expression of the transcripts for the ecdysone receptor and Halloween genes in the fat body and the ovaries and reduces the titer of ecdysteroid in the hemolymph. Knockdown of each of these transcription factors typically alters the expression of the other transcription factors. Knockdown also significantly decreases the expression of vitellogenin transcripts, Vg1 and Vg2, in the fat body and ovaries and reduces the number of eggs produced and laid. Some of the laid eggs have an irregular shape and smaller volume, and their hatching rate is decreased. Knockdown also influences the expression of the chorion gene transcripts Rp30 and Rp45. The overall effect of knockdown is a decrease in number of eggs produced and a severe reduction in number of eggs laid and their hatching rate. Clearly, ecdysteroids and ecdysone response genes play a significant role in reproduction in R. prolixus.
PERANAN SUKU BUNGA KREDIT, CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR) DAN LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR) BAGI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA
Authors: Lisaholet Asril
Published: March 2023

Controlling the banking-monetary in such a way needs to be done so that dynamic of real sector growth developed to expected way. This study is intended to analyze the role of credit interest rate instrument, development of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and loan to deposit ratio (LDR) to Indonesian economics growth in the last ten years. By using multiple linear stepwise regression analyzing method approach, a very significant role simultaneously and partially from credit interest rate instrument and development of CAR push the Indonesian economics growth in a long term were found. Meanwhile, there’s no a significant roles from development of LDR to the Indonesia economics growth in a medium term. The modeling results have adjusted R-square of about 87,80 percent and met all the diagnostic assumption test, while 12,20 percent is explained by other variables outside the model.
Doing Research in Conflict Areas: Some Methodological Lessons From Palestine
Authors: Audeh Anas
Published: March 2023

Fieldwork in conflict-ridden settings presents many challenges for humanitarian actors and academic researchers alike. The Palestinian Territories is no exception, due to its spatial and administrative complexity, the anarchic geography, and the unpredictable events that develop. This article discusses, in a self-reflective manner, a set of decisions the researcher had to make during a Ph.D. fieldwork conducted in the West Bank in winter 2019/2020 to cope with the challenges. The research aimed to explore the political entanglement of humanitarian assistance in Palestine and employed the constant comparative method of the grounded theory. The key challenges include balancing between the practicalities of data collection and research ethics, and deciding on a research design that can obtain and validate why/how individuals choose to think, believe, act/react concerning politically sensitive issues.
A liberális külpolitika bírálata : Recenzió John J. Mearsheimer A nagy téveszme című könyvéről
Authors: László Zsófia Jázmin
Published: March 2023

A liberális hegemónia és az unipoláris világrend, amelyben az USA volt a nemzetközi rendszer egyetlen nagyhatalmi pólusa, véget ért. John J. Mearsheimer, amerikai nemzetközi kapcsolatok elemző, az offenzív realizmus atyja ezt a tézist igyekszik bizonyítani a 2022-ben, a Századvég Kiadó gondozásában megjelent A nagy téveszme. Liberális államok és nemzetközi realitások című könyvében. Mearsheimer célja bizonyítani, hogy a liberális külpolitika, mely a hidegháború vége óta egyértelműen dominálja az USA külpolitikai irányvonalát, veszélyes a világ államai és saját, hazai liberalizmusa számára is. A könyv szembeszáll a Fukuyama által hirdetett „történelem vége” felfogással és a liberalizmus győzelmét megcáfolva mutatja be a realizmus és a nacionalizmus erejét.
The mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, dyslexia, ADHD in university students of Greece
Authors: Papanastasiou Pantelis , Drigas Athanasios
Published: March 2023

This study examines the association between diet and other lifestyle factors of students with dyslexia and ADHD and compare it to students without learning disabilities. The study involved 210 students from Greek universities, aged 18-30 years old (ADHD n = 34; Dyslexia n=27, Students without learning disabilities n = 149). Students completed a specifically created questionnaire online, to examine their demographic traits, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, sleep quality, perceived stress, and life satisfaction. Significant variations were identified in the responses when it came to life satisfaction, with students with ADHD reporting lower levels (p = 0.005). Students in the lower tertile of Mediterranean Diet (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0 p = 0.005) were more likely to have learning disabilities than the higher tertile where the odds were 35% lower (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49-0.87, p = 0.005). The probability that students will have learning disabilities increases with poorer adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. It is necessary to conduct further research on how students with learning disabilities behave when it comes to their nutrition and other health-related activities.
Avaliação anatômica do fruto de jambo amarelo (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) e análise físico-química farinácea da casca e polpa e semente
Authors: Cavalet Matheus Chavaglia , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Castro Carlos Frederico de Souza , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia
Published: March 2023

Syzygium jambos é uma espécie frutífera introduzida no Brasil, apresentando frutos com aroma agradável e gosto adocicado. O trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação anatômica do fruto e a análise físico-química das farinhas obtidas da casca e polpa e da semente. A anatomia do fruto utilizado foi à descritiva, as farinhas foram produzidas utilizando casca e polpa (FCP) e sementes (FS), as análises físico-químicas foram: teores de umidade, cinzas e lipídios, °Brix, pH, proteína, carboidratos por diferença, vitaminas, A, C e E, índice de oxidação (min/s), DPPH (%), compostos fenólicos, pectina, β-Caroteno, licopeno, flavonoides, antocianinas, cor (L*, a* e b*), C* e h°, e FT-IR. Foram obtidos valores importantes sobre os teores de umidade, cinzas, lipídios, °Brix, pH, proteínas e carboidratos. O conteúdo de vitamina A = 1,50 e 5,37 µg RAE, vitamina C = 1,76 e 3,52 mg 100 g-1, e vitamina E = 0,066; 0,064 m/m, atividade antioxidante para FCP = 48,19%, fenólicos totais de 8,16 e 11,88 mg EAG 100 g-1, pectina = 8,37 e 3,40%, β-caroteno = 18,01 e 64,47 µg 100 mL-1, flavonoides = 0,90 e 1,61 mg 100 g-1, antocianinas = 0,06; 0,41 mg 100 g-1 para as farinhas de FCP e FS respectivamente. As farinhas de jambo amarelo apresentaram potenciais resultados podendo ser empregadas na fabricação de produtos farináceos para a indústria de alimentos.
Hybrid, High-Dose Dual and Bismuth Quadruple Therapies for First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Taiwan: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial
Authors: Hsu Ping-I , Chen Kuan-Yang , Tai Wei-Chen , Yang Jyh-Chin , Tsay Feng-Woei , Liu Yu-Hwa , Chen Chien-Lin , Lee Chia-Long , Yeh Hong-Zen , Kuo Chao-Hung , Chuah Seng-Kee , Lee Hsi-Chang , Shie Chang-Bih , Shiu Sz-Iuan , Kao John Y. , Yamaoka Yoshio , Graham David Y. , Wu Deng-Chyang ,   On behalf of the Taiwan Acid-related Disease (TARD) Study Group
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The study aimed to compare the efficacies and safety of 14-day hybrid therapy, 14-day high-dose dual therapy, and 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.

METHODS:

In this multicenter, open-label, randomized trial, we recruited adult H. pylori-infected patients from 9 centers in Taiwan. Subjects were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 14-day hybrid therapy, 14-day high-dose dual therapy, or 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy. Eradication status was determined by the 13C-urea breath test. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori assessed in the intention-to-treat population.

RESULTS:

Between August 1, 2018, and December 2021, 918 patients were randomly assigned in this study. The intention-to-treat eradication rates were 91.5% (280/306; 95% confidence interval [CI] 88.4%–94.6%) for 14-day hybrid therapy, 83.3% (255/306; 95% CI 87.8%–95.0%) for 14-day high-dose dual therapy, and 90.2% (276/306; 95% CI 87.8%–95.0%) for 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy. Both hybrid therapy (difference 8.2%; 95% CI 4.5%–11.9%; P = 0.002) and bismuth quadruple therapy (difference 6.9%; 95% CI 1.6%–12.2%; P = 0.012) were superior to high-dose dual therapy and were similar to one another. The frequency of adverse events was 27% (81/303) with 14-day hybrid therapy, 13% (40/305) with 14-day high-dose dual therapy, and 32% (96/303) with 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy. Patients receiving high-dose dual therapy had the fewest adverse events (both P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Fourteen-day hybrid therapy and 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy are more effective than 14-day high-dose dual therapy in the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection in Taiwan. However, high-dose dual therapy has fewer adverse effects than hybrid bismuth quadruple therapies.
CS-iCCA, A New Clinically Based Staging System for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Establishment and External Validation
Authors: Lozada Maria E. , Zhang Ning , Jin Weidong , Wongjarupong Nicha , Yang Ju Dong , Voss Molly M. , Prasai Kritika , Amakye Dominic O. , Harmsen William S. , Chaudhary Sushant , Bathe Oliver F. , Borad Mitesh J. , Patel Tushar C. , Gores Gregory J. , Therneau Terry M. , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a primary liver malignancy with poor prognosis. Current prognostic methods are most accurate for patients with surgically resectable disease. However, a significant proportion of patients with iCCA are not surgical candidates. We aimed to develop a generalizable staging system based on clinical variables to determine prognosis of all patients with iCCA.

METHODS:

The derivation cohort included 436 patients with iCCA seen between 2000 and 2011. For external validation, 249 patients with iCCA seen from 2000 to 2014 were enrolled. Survival analysis was performed to identify prognostic predictors. All-cause mortality was the primary end point.

RESULTS:

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, tumor number, tumor size, metastasis, albumin, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were incorporated into a 4-stage algorithm. Kaplan-Meier estimates for 1-year survival were 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.1–99.7), 72.7% (95% CI 63.4–83.4), 48.0% (95% CI 41.2–56.0), and 16% (95% CI 11–23.5), respectively, for stages I, II, III, and IV. Univariate analysis yielded significant differences in risk of death for stages II (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71; 95% CI 1.0–2.8), III (HR 3.32; 95% CI 2.07–5.31), and IV (HR 7.44; 95% CI 4.61–12.01) compared with stage I (reference). Concordance indices showed the new staging system was superior to the TNM staging for predicting mortality in the derivation cohort, P < 0.0001. In the validation cohort, however, the difference between the 2 staging systems was not significant.

DISCUSSION:

The proposed independently validated staging system uses nonhistopathologic data to successfully stratify patients into 4 stages. This staging system has better prognostic accuracy compared with the TNM staging and can assist physicians and patients in treatment of iCCA.
Masculinidades e práticas corporais na obra de Alair Gomes: a série Sonatinas, four feet
Authors: Pries Devide Fabiano
Published: March 2023

Alair Gomes é um expoente da fotografia brasileira. Sua extensa obra, produzida entre as décadas de 1960 e 1990, integra o acervo de importantes instituições, reconhecida, entre outros aspectos, pelo pioneirismo na abordagem do homoerotismo. Dedicou denotada atenção ao esporte e à ginástica, temas não identificados como emergentes e recorrentes em outros artistas contemporâneos nacionais. Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as representações sobre as masculinidades expressas em uma de suas séries – Sonatinas, four feet, realizada a partir de 1966 e depositada na Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Debruçamo-nos especialmente sobre duas sequências nas quais se destacam homens se exercitando na praia. O que nos chamou atenção foi como as práticas corporais, um campo em que, em geral, a heteronormatividade é consolidada, foram mobilizadas para desestabilizar compreensões hegemônicas e apresentar novos significados do uso do corpo e do exercício da sexualidade.
Estrutura e variação linguística na comunicação digital
Authors: Pinheiro Andrei Ferreira de Carvalhaes
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo, verifica-se como a literatura científica tem descrito a comunicação digital a partir das estruturas linguísticas que lhe são típicas. Aprofunda-se a reflexão sobre as interações online, distinguindo-as da fala e da escrita convencionais. Por fim, identificam-se alguns avanços científicos sobre o assunto desenvolvidos no Brasil a partir da língua portuguesa, além de pontos que requerem maior atenção. Para isso, desenvolve-se uma revisão crítica de literatura e se comenta sobre diferentes investigações realizadas sobre a comunicação na Web. Acredita-se, pois, ser necessário tratar as interações digitais como uma modalidade distinta da fala e da escrita convencionais, visto que, apesar de apresentarem traços comuns com uma ou outra modalidade, também contêm características que lhes são particulares. Defende-se também que as estruturas linguísticas sejam consideradas componentes essenciais na caracterização das instâncias comunicativas, desde aspectos grafemáticos até questões da sintaxe, reconhecendo a centralidade da variação linguística para a compreensão da prática discursiva. Finalmente, reconhece-se que no Brasil encontram-se trabalhos que partem de diferentes graus de entendimento da natureza dos textos digitais, mas parecem predominar aqueles que buscam descrever a comunicação na Web como mais próxima da fala ou da escrita convencional, ao contrário das recomendações de muitas pesquisas sobre as interações online.
Fano fourfolds having a prime divisor of Picard number 1
Authors: Secci Saverio Andrea
Published: March 2023

We prove a classification result for smooth complex Fano fourfolds of Picard number 3 having a prime divisor of Picard number 1, after a characterisation result in arbitrary dimension by Casagrande and Druel [5]. These varieties are obtained by blowing-up a ℙ1-bundle over a smooth Fano variety of Picard number 1 along a codimension 2 subvariety. We study in detail the case of dimension 4, and show that they form 28 families. We compute the main numerical invariants, determine the base locus of the anticanonical system, and study their deformations to give an upper bound to the dimension of the base of the Kuranishi family of a general member.
Enhanced sensitive phase alpha plane scheme against high resistance ground faults
Authors: Gangolu Suryanarayana , Sarangi Saumendra
Published: March 2023

Phase-based Alpha (α) Plane Relaying (APR) scheme has numerous advantages over the Current Differential Relay (CDR) for transmission line protection. Since the large Restraining Region (RR) in the APR makes high security against CT saturation, channel delay, line charging current and synchronization error. However, the APR loses its sensitivity for high resistance ground faults, especially single line to ground faults under outfeed conditions. Also, losing its dependability under close-in low resistance three-phase faults. Thereby, the sequence-based APR provides enhanced sensitivity with the cost of computational burden and complexity. Hence, in this paper, the concept of the average value (IAvg) of both end instantaneous currents is used as an auxiliary logic. In which, the polarity ofIAvgis incorporated as an add-on logic to the conventional APR to confirm high resistance internal faults. Thereby, the requirement of sequence components can be avoided (negative and zero). To validate the proposed auxiliary logic, it is tested for the WSCC (Western System Coordinating Council) 9-bus, 110 kV, 50 Hz. System. The simulated results under various fault cases found authenticated results. In addition, the comparative assessment and validation with real-world data reveal the enhanced sensitivity of the proposed logic under high-resistance ground faults.
A gap-filling algorithm selection strategy for GRACE and GRACE Follow-On time series based on hydrological signal characteristics of the individual river basins
Authors: Karimi Hamed , Iran-Pour Siavash , Amiri-Simkooei Alireza , Babadi Masoud
Published: March 2023

Gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) are Earth’s gravity satellite missions with hydrological monitoring applications. However, caused by measuring instrumental problems, there are several temporal missing values in the dataset of the two missions where a long gap between the mission dataset also exists. Recent studies utilized different gap-filling methodologies to fill those data gaps. In this article, we employ a variety of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) algorithms as well as the least squares-harmonic estimation (LS-HE) approach for the data gap-filling. These methods are implemented on six hydrological basins, where the performance of the algorithms is validated for different artificial gap scenarios. Our results indicate that each hydrological basin has its special behaviour. LS-HE outperforms the other algorithms in half of the basins, whereas in the other half, SSA provides a better performance. This highlights the importance of different factors affecting the deterministic signals and stochastic characteristics of climatological time series. To fill the missing values of such time series, it is therefore required to investigate the time series behaviour on their time-invariant and time-varying characteristics before processing the series.
HeterozygousDab1Null Mutation Disrupts Neocortical and Hippocampal Development
Authors: Honda Takao , Hirota Yuki , Nakajima Kazunori
Published: March 2023

Loss-of-function mutations in Reelin and DAB1 signaling pathways disrupt proper neuronal positioning in the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that heterozygousyotarimice harboring a single autosomal recessiveyotarimutation ofDab1exhibited a thinner neocortical layer 1 than wild-type mice on postnatal day (P)7. However, a birth-dating study suggested that this reduction was not caused by failure of neuronal migration.In uteroelectroporation-mediated sparse labeling revealed that the superficial layer neurons of heterozygousyotarimice tended to elongate their apical dendrites within layer 2 than within layer 1. In addition, the CA1 pyramidal cell layer in the caudo-dorsal hippocampus was abnormally split in heterozygousyotarimice, and a birth-dating study revealed that this splitting was caused mainly by migration failure of late-born pyramidal neurons. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated sparse labeling further showed that many pyramidal cells within the split cell had misoriented apical dendrites. These results suggest that regulation of neuronal migration and positioning by Reelin-DAB1 signaling pathways has unique dependencies onDab1gene dosage in different brain regions.
Vanishing of the mighty tunales of central Mexico: A 5-century history of landscape change
Authors: Riojas-López Mónica E. , Mellink Eric
Published: March 2023

Before the 16th century, tunales, majestic forests of arborescent nopales (Opuntia spp.), were a signature of the southern part of the Mexican Plateau. They were crucial for nonagricultural humans and wildlife and created the cultural identity of the region. Notwithstanding this, they have been drastically reduced and disparaged into modern times. We aimed at reconstructing the history of the disappearance of these tunales and elaborate on the ecological and cultural impacts of such disappearance. The historicizing of such processes is critical to establish restoration objectives concordant with ecological timeframes, rather than by human memory. To fulfill our objective, we reviewed published formal and gray literature (i.e., publications with limited circulation, theses), and unpublished archival documents, complementing this information and interpreting it with our own >25-year research experience each in the region. Despite some differing opinions, most 15th-century tunales were natural. Agricultural development in the 17th–19th centuries affected mostly tunales in humid bottomlands. Those on hills and slopes apparently escaped this initial transformation. After the Mexican Revolution (1910–1921), the plowing of hills and slopes destroyed many remaining tunales. Some persisted into the 21th century, but their felling has continued. Our study exemplifies how natural iconic communities once widely distributed can vanish almost inadvertently. With the loss of the tunales, the region has lost a unique, iconic plant community which harbored several plant species endemic to Mexico. Arborescent nopales are hardy, but to avoid the complete disappearance of the tunales, their ecological and biocultural importance and significance must be revaluated, and strong lobbying efforts and management actions developed.
Promotional effects of water-soluble extractives on bamboo cellulose enzymolysis
Authors: Zhao Bo , Hu Shanglian
Published: March 2023

The release of fermentable monosaccharides from cellulose is a key step for the economical and efficient production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. However, some residual substances in pretreated biomass negatively affect enzymolysis by reducing the activity of the enzyme due to the nonproductive and competitive binding of enzymes. To improve enzyme efficiency, heterologous proteins have been introduced as an additive for cellulase during the hydrolysis process. In this study, the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from pretreated bamboo was enhanced by adding an aqueous extract of the bamboo to the hydrolysis system. The cellulose to glucose conversion yield (CGCY) increased to different extents when different substrates were used with different enzyme loadings. The promotional effect of bamboo extractives on enzymatic hydrolysis of different bamboo varieties was observed. In conclusion, the deactivation of the cellulolytic enzyme by negative binding to residual lignin in substrate was reduced due to the competitive effects of proteins in the extract. In addition, other effects, such as easy accessibility of the substrate (amorphogenesis), were also possible reasons. Overall, the promotional effect of bamboo aqueous extractives played an important role in the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated bamboo.
The Collapse of Communism as the End of the Modernity Project? Post-Soviet Transformation Narratives of the Lithuanian Population
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė , Vijeikis Paulius
Published: March 2023

The article analyses how Lithuanian inhabitants remember and assess the post-communist transformation and searches for the narratives that can be interpreted through the lens of modernization theories. The paper draws on a dataset of 43 biographical interviews collected in 2021 in Panevėžys city and Panevėžys district. Employing the method of thematic narrative analysis, four dominant narratives of post-soviet transformation were identified: “demodernization”, “real modernization”, “continuation of neo-traditionalism” and“continuation of modernity”. In the narrative of “demodernization”, the Soviet regime is seen as the true modernity, and the post-Soviet transformation is perceived as a process of demodernization, when progress is replaced by stagnation or regression, manifested in the decline of industry and the disappearance of other attributes of modernity. In the narrative of “true modernity”, on the contrary, the Soviet era is seen as a false or failed modernity characterized by inefficiency and backwardness, and the features of modernity are attributed to the new order emerging after the restoration of independence. The narratives of “continuity of neo-traditionalism” and “continuity of modernity” observe similar features in both the Soviet era and the period of transformation, but the former emphasizes the neo-traditionalist or “anti-modern” features of both periods, such as inefficiency, corruption, and privilege, while the latter sees both periods as progressive in their own ways.
How Saturn could create dense rings after the emergence of its magnetic field. The Tchernyi-Kapranov effect: mechanism of magnetic anisotropic accretion
Authors: VV Tchernyi , SV Kapranov
Published: March 2023

The origin of Saturn’s dense rings is still unclear. Here we propose a mechanism of the genesis of Saturn’s dense rings from ice particles (chunks) of the protoplanetary cloud. It shows how Saturn could create rings after the emergency of its magnetic field. We take into account the force of diamagnetic expulsion and the Tchernyi-Kapranov effect: the process of magnetic anisotropic accretion. The force of diamagnetic expulsion acts on the particles together with the gravitational and centrifugal force. As a result, the orbits of ice particles of different sizes move into the plane of magnetic equator, where their energy is minimal. Ultimately, every particle acquires its stable orbit in magnetic equator plane, and the net force prevents its radial and vertical shift. The process described here is likely to contribute to the genesis of a stable disk-shaped structure of dense rings, formation of sharp edges of rings and gaps, and separation of particles (chunks) in rings. Previous theories are not questioned here, but they are complemented with the magnetic interaction, which accounts for the Tchernyi-Kapranov effect: mechanism of magnetic anisotropic accretion of ice particles.
Változások és újítások a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) pszichodiagnosztikai tesztben
Authors: Girasek Hunor , Soós Alexandra , Janicsák Henrietta , Dudás Dóra , Reinhardt Melinda
Published: March 2023

Bevezetés

A Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory (MMPI) Magyarországon az 1970-es évek óta használatos pszichodiagnosztikai mérőeszköz, melynek második kiadása (MMPI-2) 1989-ben jelent meg a nemzetközi használatban, Magyarországon pedig 2009-ben készült el az adaptációja.

Célkitűzés

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa az MMPI-2-ben megjelent változásokat, újításokat és a teszt előnyeit a korábbi változatához képest.

Következtetések

A téma-összefoglaló tanulmány rávilágít, hogy az MMPI-2 kifejlesztése nemcsak új normatív mintát, de nyelvi-stilisztikai megújulást is hozott. Ezenfelül a korábbi Validitási és Klinikai skálák mellett olyan új skálák is megjelentek, mint az Újrastrukturált klinikai skálák, a Tartalmi skálák és a személyiségpszichopatológia mérésére alkalmas PSY-5 skálák. Megtörtént továbbá a Kiegészítő skálák revíziója, illetve új Kiegészítő skálák bevezetése és új Validitási skálák kifejlesztése is.

Konklúzió

A változtatások részletes számbavétele rámutat arra, hogy az MMPI újrasztenderdizálása során kialakított MMPI-2 jóval átfogóbb, egyben differenciáltabb értelmezést kínál a különböző mentális zavarok és pszichopatológiai jelenségek megértése szempontjából, mint az eredeti változat. Kitekintésként pedig ismertetésre kerül a nemzetközi gyakorlatba már bevezetett két új MMPI-fejlesztés, az MMPI-2-Resturctured Form (MMPI-2-RF) és az MMPI-3 is.
A hybrid DMO-RERNN based UPFC controller for transient stability analysis in grid connected wind-diesel-PV hybrid system
Authors: Thanigaivel K. , Ramesh S. , Karunanithi K.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a novel hybrid technique is proposed for transient stability analysis on grid connected Wind-Diesel-PV hybrid system. The proposed hybrid methodology is combination of the dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm (DMO) and the recalling enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN) named DMO-RERNN. The main purpose of this work is to consider various elements on hybrid system for the analysis of transient stability according to different conditions. The voltage profile of hybrid system is enhanced using the proposed unified power flow controller (UPFC), which also has higher performance improving transient performance compared to the conventional ANN, PI and fuzzy-sliding mode controller. Considering the proposed technique, DMO is used to find the optimal global solution for the fault predicted by the RERNN approach. The proposed system is executed on MATLAB work platform; its performance with existing systems is analyzed. The result proves that the proposed hybrid technique based UPFC controller provides better results compared with other existing technique. The efficiency of the PI is 82.136, ANN is 77, Fuzzy Sliding Mode is 65.097% and proposed technique is 97.99038%.
Bacopa egensis (Poepp.) Pennell (Plantaginaceae): new records from Northeast Brazil and the Cerrado domain
Authors: Araújo Pestana Mateus César , Ferreira de Oliveira Rafael , Scatigna André Vito , Carvalho Saraiva Raysa Valéria , da Silva Maria Ildilene , de Carvalho Bastos Maria da Conceição , Exposto Guarçoni Elidio Armando
Published: March 2023

We report the first records of Bacopa egensis (Poepp.) Pennell from the Brazilian Northeast and the Cerrado domain. This species was collected in the municipality of Chapadinha, in eastern Maranhão state. Photographs, a map of occurrences in Brazil, a description, and comments on the morphology and taxonomy of B. egensis are provided, as well as an identification key to the Bacopa species of Maranhão. These new records are important due to the scarcity of collections of B. egensis from Brazil. The new data expand the longitudinal distribution of this species in the country and are an especially important contribution to the flora of Maranhão.
Opportunities for the materials research community to support the development of the H2 economy
Authors: Ku Anthony Y. , Kocs Elizabeth A. , Afzal Shaik , Ewan Mitch , Glenn Jennifer R. , Toma Francesca , Vickers James , Weeks Brian , White Ashley A.
Published: March 2023

The goal of decarbonizing global energy systems by 2050 is a challenge of unprecedented scope and ambition. Hydrogen has been identified as an important enabler for this effort, but its precise role in the energy transition and future energy system remains unclear. The MRS Focus on Sustainability subcommittee sponsored a panel discussion on the roles of and materials needs associated with hydrogen in the energy transition. This commentary summarizes key elements from the panel discussion and addresses how the materials research community can engage more deeply with the H2 energy transition. The topics include inventing new materials with improved properties for advanced technologies, but also supporting the growth of a robust manufacturing base, improving materials corrosion mitigation, helping to de-risk supply chains, and training qualified workers across the industrial ecosystem to reinforce a culture of safety and support the evolution of commercial processes and business models.

Graphical abstract