bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interplay between VAT and Customs: Liability and Deduction
Authors: Merkx M.
Published: May 2024

Dealing with VAT on import and export is complex, because of the interplay between VAT and customs legislation. In this article, the author discusses the liability for VAT and customs duties upon import and their interplay as well as the deduction of import VAT.
Earthquake-induced paleo-landslides in the Tehran Region and its role in assessing the seismic hazard, Iran
Authors: Solaymani Azad Shahryar
Published: May 2024

In the central portion of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone, the Tehran domain is positioned at a transitional boundary between seismotectonic zones of the Central Iranian lowland (to the south) and the Alborz highland (to the north). Consequently, numerous destructive seismic events have occurred in this active tectonic domain. This study delves into the tectonic geomorphology of the region within its northern highland domain, specifically focusing on the hanging wall of the E-striking north-dipping North Tehran fault (NTF) zone. Our findings in this northern domain emphasize several prominent topographic scars as significant co-seismic features. These include huge landslides, rockfalls, rock avalanches, and offset geomorphic surfaces and could be present as the main indirect co-seismic morphological features. Within this seismically active region, the extensive dimensions of these geomorphic pieces of evidence reveal the seismic potential of the Tehran Region to experience really strong earthquakes (i.e. M>7.5). These results contrast with the previous Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) magnitude estimated for the Tehran Region (i.e. M~7.2) through different approaches in Seismic Hazard Assessments (SHAs). Consequently, the previous SHAs of the Tehran Region might have underestimated the seismic risk, and therefore, it is necessary to conduct an updated and complementary deterministic SHA based on the more detailed seismogenic geological features in this crucial area.
Psychological mechanism and cognitive basis of humorous speech
Authors: Su Yin , Hou Yue
Published: May 2024

To more clearly present the psychological mechanism and cognitive basis of humorous speech, this study measured college students using various scales, discussed the role of humorous coping in resolving their social anxiety and regulating their mental health, and attempted to construct a cognitive symbol working model from three dimensions: theory of innocence, modern semiotics, and conceptual integration theory. We used the proposed model to present the psychological mechanism and cognitive basis of humorous speech. This study found that humor coping is positively correlated with college students’ social anxiety, which is positively correlated with mental health. Affinity humor style and humor coping can positively predict college students’ communication anxiety, but affinity humor style has better predictive power. This research held that relevance is the general principle of communicative cognition and has become a space of conceptual synthesis network. The combination of conceptual fusion and deviation theory with conventional theory can help us better understand verbal humor and reveal its cognitive basis. There is a close relationship between humorous language and human psychological mechanisms. Finally, there is also a clear relationship between different psychological mechanisms and the structure of humorous language.
Climate Policy in Global and Local Aspects
Authors: WISZNIOWSKI JACEK
Published: May 2024

A review article summarising the current state of knowledge and suggesting directions for further research. It is part of a wider review aimed at assessing the effectiveness of climate change policies. The main difficulties considered in the article include the problems of environmental management and strategies for building resilience to climate change induced stress. The issues analysed in the article concern selected problems in the implementation of climate policy at global, regional and local levels. It was found that, under certain conditions, the effects of the measures taken can be counterproductive. The effectiveness and rationality of climate policy was also analysed from an economic perspective.
The aim of the article was achieved on the basis of a review of domestic and foreign literature and documents on the subject, as well as a comparative analysis. The study covered selected issues that, in the author's opinion, should be taken into account when adapting the climate policy formulated at world summits to local conditions. This adaptation should include not only solutions but also targets. In conclusion, the author points out that the evaluation of the effectiveness of climate policy should be carried out at the local level and should include social and economic issues in addition to environmental ones, and should be accompanied by a balance of losses and benefits.
Modular Ship Design
Authors: Choi Minjoo , Lee Jaekyeong
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce a modular approach to ship design, utilizing design modules to streamline the initial design phases. Ships are conceived as combinations of a primary 'ship module' and various 'design modules' tailored for specific spaces. These modules encompass predefined geometries, layouts, and equipment configurations. We introduce an optimization model that integrates decision variables for ship attributes and configuration variables for module selection. Through this framework, we aim to simplify design complexities, accelerate the production of detailed drawings, and foster innovation in ship design methodologies.
Utilizing Amphibious AGVs to Optimize Container Transshipment for Deep Sea and Hinterland Operations
Authors: Rajaram Abhishek , Meherishi Lavanya , Jovanova Jovana , Coraddu Andrea
Published: May 2024

Transshipment is a key component of modern-day shipping logistics. Container supply chains rely on tran-shipment hubs to access remote locations. With globalisation driving growth in container trade, maritime congestion is rising at container terminals in ports worldwide. This is expected to worsen as demand con-tinues to grow. This research explores novel maritime equipment designs that can contribute to solving problems in the trans-shipment chain. One such idea is that of the Amphibious Automated Guided Vehicle, an innovative concept that travels on both land and sea. Envisioned as a tool to minimise the rehandling of containers, the Amphibious AGV forms the heart of the new changes that this research proposes for the fu-ture of trans-shipment. Complementing swifter trans-shipment, the research also proposes complementary design concepts such as floating terminals to add more flexibility for container ships and Amphibious AGVs applied to exchange containers offshore. To validate these ideas, an agent-based modelling methodology was used and replicated in the environment of the Hong Kong- Pearl River Delta. This work, therefore, opens up an intriguing future scope for maritime transshipment that is both sustainable and adaptable while also discussing limitations and concerns that need to be carefully considered.
São Paulo Fashion Week: contribuições à história da moda no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Marcos Paulo do Nascimento , Braga Marcos da Costa
Published: May 2024

Este é um estudo de caráter histórico e exploratório que pretende colaborar com o acervo existente sobre a história da moda no Brasil, abordando, em específico, a origem e gênese da semana de moda paulistana, a São Paulo Fashion Week. Para tanto, investiga-se a trajetória de articulações de atores importantes neste processo, bem como as condições sociohistóricas em que estes estão intrincados que vão estimular o engatinhar do megaevento de moda no Brasil a partir da década de 1990. Neste estudo, por meio do uso das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevista semiestruturada alcançou-se por fim, um panorama cronológico da origem, e do início da gênese da maior semana de moda do Brasil.
The Implementation of Bicycle Lanes in Pekanbaru City
Authors: Zaini Abdul Kudus , Fadillah Muhammad Arif , Muttaqin Muhammad Zainal
Published: May 2024

The concept of fostering environmentally conscious urban environments has emerged as a pivotal strategy in mitigating the escalating pace of developmental endeavors. A prominent approach entails the adoption of eco-friendly transportation modalities, prominently featuring non-motorized conveyance options. A tangible stride towards the realization of eco-centric urban landscapes lies in the alteration of societal lifestyles, thereby cultivating heightened environmental consciousness. Across various locales in Indonesia, the prevalent trajectory towards eco-friendly living is epitomized by the widespread embrace of bicycling as a quintessential means to augment communal mobility. This burgeoning proclivity has engendered the establishment of dedicated bicycle infrastructure within urban landscapes, exemplified by communal cycling initiatives and the institution of “Car Free Day” initiatives. Moreover, Pekanbaru City—characterized by its distinctive topography, climate dynamics, and idiosyncratic urban features—presents a distinct milieu that accentuates the complexities entailed in orchestrating widespread bicycle utilization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore how the deployment of bicycle lanes can be tailored to accommodate the community’s demands for bicycle usage, the demographics of bicycle users, and the appropriateness of bicycle lane integration.
Driving Success Through SIM: A Critical Analysis Management information Systems Influence on Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Rafli Moh
Published: May 2024

In this journal, we explore the influence of Systems Information Management (SIM) on decision-making processes in organizations. The aim is to conduct a critical analysis of the contribution of SIM in increasing the effectiveness of decision making. The research method used is literature analysis from various sources such as scientific journals and related articles. The results show that effective implementation of SIM can speed up the decision-making process, increase information accuracy, and enable managers to make more timely decisions. In conclusion, SIM plays a vital role in organizational success through informed decision making. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of continuing to improve SIM implementation to support better decision-making processes in facing increasingly complex business challenges. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in the field of information management.
CRITICAL PEDAGOGY IN THE 21st CENTURY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Aishorya Bharati  , Dr. Nisanth PM
Published: May 2024

A pedagogical approach known as "critical pedagogy" encourages instructors to support students as they analyse systems of authority and opportunities that are based on "critical theory," which involves becoming conscious of and challenging the status quo in society. Through critical pedagogy, instructors motivate pupils to explore and confront social and familial injustices by drawing on their own enlightenment. The current social structure is still battling against social evil, injustice, and equality. Worker exploitation, disdain for those from other sociocultural backgrounds, mob lynching, and a decline in values all serve as stark examples of how the educational system has failed to instil civilization in society. Although we may have advanced materialistically, a progressive mentality has not yet been attained. As a result, critical pedagogy practise in the twenty-first century becomes pertinent. Critical pedagogical strategies are challenging to put into practise in regular classroom settings. Developing measures to ensure these obstacles begins with an understanding of some of these barriers and how they appear in higher education institutions. Thus, this paper discusses the challenges that could occur while attempting to employ critical pedagogy. This paper also discusses the possibilities of using critical pedagogy in the classroom for the benefit of the students.
Vert helyzetből győzelem? - A büntetés-végrehajtásról egy világjárvány idején
Authors: Brezovszki Anna Luca
Published: May 2024

Talán nem túlzás azt állítani, hogy a 2020-ban világjárvánnyá nyilvánított, ország- és kontinenshatárokat semmibe vevő Covid-19 vírus mindannyiunk életét - akár csak ideig-óráig is, de - alapvetően befolyásolta. Sokan először tapasztaltak meg egy ekkora kiterjedésű, globális egészségügyi kockázattal járó megbetegedést, újdonságként élhették át az ezt övező, a társadalom minden szegletét átszövő félelmet és nagyfokú bizonytalanságot. Czenczer Orsolya Quo Vadis büntetés-végrehajtás? A Covid-19 világjárvány hatása a magyar büntetés-végrehajtás rendszerére című, 2022-ben megjelent monográfiájának szintén a járvány zárt intézeten belüli hatása az alapja.
DIVERSITY AND PHYTATE-DEGRADING POTENTIAL OF YEAST MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM SOURDOUGH
Authors: Nankova Nadezhda Dimitrova , Pisareva Emiliya Ivanova , Petrova Ventsislava Yankova , Tomova Anna Atanasova
Published: May 2024

Phytases, which perform the stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid to myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate, are used worldwide to reduce phosphorus pollution and improve nutrition in monogastric animals and humans. Yeasts isolated from their natural environments represent rich and still underexplored sources of industrially valuable enzymes, including phytases; therefore, they are widely studied for the production of these enzymes. In this regard, thirteen yeast pure cultures were isolated from the microbial consortium of four types of sourdough obtained during the natural fermentation of different grain-based flours. Ten of the newly isolated yeast strains were selected as potential phytase producers based on their growth in liquid culture media with sodium phytate as the sole source of phosphorus. Using 18S rDNA and D1/D2 26S rDNA analyses, the species affiliation of the selected isolates was established. They referred to seven yeast species from 3 families, with the most significant representation of the family Saccharomycetaceae.Intracellular phytate-degrading activity was found in 8 isolates, the highest being in Nakaseomyces glabratus strain 7-4. The highest level of extracellular phytase was measured in Pichia membranifaciens strain 5-2. Both isolates showed significant antioxidant capacity higher than those of ascorbic acid.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONSERVATION TREATMENT ON THE CHROMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: Ivanova Iordanka , Spiridonov Iskren , Boeva Rumyana
Published: May 2024

In the present experiment, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of conservation treatment of an Arabic manuscript on its chromatic characteristics. For this purpose, extremely valuable, unrestored manuscripts (18 - 19th century) were selected from the archives of the National Library “St. St. Cyril and Methodius”, on which spectrophotometric chromatic characteristics were measured. The research was conducted at the restoration center of the National Library. The following processes were applied to the manuscript: mechanical cleaning anddeacidification. Measurements of color characteristics were taken indifferent parts of the manuscript after each stage of the treatment: before treatment, after mechanical cleaning, after deacidification. The following parameters - CIE Lab, CIE Lch, ∆Eab, ∆E2000, ∆L, ∆c, ∆h was calculated. Based on the results obtained, the changes and effects of each of the chromatic parameters were determined.
STUDY OF SOLUBILITY OF CO(NH2)2 - HOOC - COOH · NH2C2H4OH - H2O SYSTEM
Authors: Akhmedov Bakhtiyor , Shukhurov Zhamshid , Abdurakhmanov Ilkhom , Begmatov Rizamat
Published: May 2024

In this work, the interaction of components in the CO(NH2)2 - HOOC - COOH ·NH2C2H4OH - H2O system was studied by visual polythermic method in the temperature range from -11.2 to 61°C. A polythermal solubility diagram of the system was constructed and the crystallization sites of ice, urea, monoethanolammonium oxalate, and the new phase ureamonoethanolammonium oxalate were determined.During the addition of monoethanolammonium oxalate to urea solutions of different concentrations, changes in rheological properties (pH, density, refractive index, viscosity) were recorded, and the results were found to be consistent with the polythermal solubility diagram. A new phase formed during the study of the CO(NH2)2 - HOOC-COOH · NH2C2H4OH - H2O system, ureamonoethanolammonium oxalate, was isolated and analyzed by confirmed using appropriate analytical methods (IR, Thermal, X-ray phase).
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COSMETIC CREAMS WITH EXTRACTS OF DRY FLOWERS AND FRUITS OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA L. - USE OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA L. AS A NON-TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVE
Authors: Petkova - Parlapanska Kamelia , Handzhiyski Yordan , Georgieva Ekaterina , Nikolova Galina , Karamalakova Yаnka
Published: May 2024

Natural ingredients rich in antioxidants and polyphenols in the forme of extracts, essential oils, organic acids have been used in the production of different cosmetic products. In the development of new cosmetic compositions, or the improvement of products already implemented in production, the evaluation of the user is of great importance, as it directly affects the demand for a given product. The present study aimed to produce phytocosmetic creams based on stearic acid with extracts of dry flower and fruit juice of Sambucus nigra L. (S. nigra) and to investigatein parallel their potential as substitutes for conventional preservatives. The obtained creams were determined for minimum inhibitory, and minimum bactericidal activity using three bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633). In addition, the antibacterial effect of creams against Escherichia coli (BW 28357) was determined. In our experiments we found that addition of dried flower extracts or elderberry fruit extracts from S. nigra in the emulsion does not disturb the compositional system. In conclusion, according to the results, the Sambucus nigra L. extracts from dry flowers and elderberry fruitsare appropriate for use in cosmetic emulsions that demonstated antioxidant stability and antibacterial properties.
Intervención del trabajador social frente a las relaciones sociales de estudiantes de décimo de Toacaso
Authors: Guanoluisa Ramírez Lesly Elizabeth , Borja Padilla Tania Margarita
Published: May 2024

El papel del trabajador social en el ámbito educativo es crucial para el bienestar integral de los estudiantes. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la intervención del trabajador social frente a las relaciones sociales de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Toacaso, provincia Cotopaxi, en el cantón Latacunga. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo analítico y diseño no experimental. La población fueron 180 estudiantes del décimo año, con una muestra aleatoria de 127. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada con 33 preguntas, validada por expertos y con un índice de confiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0.87. Los datos se procesaron y analizaron con SPSS, utilizando la prueba estadística de Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados evidencian que los estudiantes suelen buscar la aceptación y el apoyo de sus pares, estas vinculaciones pueden tener influencia positiva o negativa, dependerá de la naturaleza de las relaciones. Los descubrimientos identificados han sido limitados por lo que se sugiere implementar estrategias de convivencia social, para optimizar la comunicación entre los miembros de la institución y seguir investigando en esta área educativa.
Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku Terhadap Korban Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif Pada Tingkat Penyidikan
Authors: Nasution Chairul Amri
Published: May 2024

Keadilan restoratif merupakan pemulihan keadaan semula dari suatu perbuatan hukum. Merujuk Peraturan Kepolisian Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif, merupakan terobosan baru dalam penegakan hukum pidana dan sebagai solusi dalam memberikan kepastian hukum terutama kemanfaatan dan rasa keadilan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam  penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis nomatif sebagai pendekatan utama, dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap aturan-aturan yang terkait dengan keadilan restoratif pada tindak pidana penganaiyaan. Didukung pendekatan yuridis empiris dengan melakukan peneitian untuk melihat bekerjanya aturan-aturan hukum tersebut pada penyidikan tindak pidana penganiayaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan diperoleh bahwa penanganan tindak pidana penganiayaan melalui pendekatan keadilan restoratif memiliki tantangan tersendiri, seperti pada penanganan perkara pidana yang ditangani oleh Unit Reskrim Polsek Lubuk Begalung yaitu terdapat keberhasilan dan penolakan dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana dengan menerapkan keadilan restoratif. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mendalam guna mencari akar penyebab terjadinya dualisme penyelesaian perkara dengan mengedepankan konsep pemulihan keadaan semula pada tingkat penyidikan.
“用英语讲好中国故事”视角下英语师范专业学生核心素养培养研究
Authors: Liao Shiyi , Su Yujie
Published: May 2024

目前鲜少有研究关注英语专业学生如何“用英语讲好中国故事”的实践研究。英语专业学生具有专业的优势，但是在用英语讲好中国故事的教学实践中所面临的挑战以及如何克服困难仍是当前亟待研究的焦点。本文以温州大学外国语学院“我是中国人”双语创新实践队在 5 所中小学校的教学实践为前提，通过问卷调查和访谈的形式进行数据收集并进行相应的分析，了解教学实践的挑战并提出适当的建议，帮助英语专业学生提高“讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音、阐释好中国特色”。
Currently, little research has been conducted on how English major students tell the story of China effectively in English. English majors benefit from their majors. But the challenges they face in telling the story of China well in English and how to overcome them still remain a focus that requires urgent research. This research data was gathered based on the actual teaching practice of a team called I am Chinese: Bilingual Innovative Volunteer Team from the School of Foreign Languages at Wenzhou University in five primary and secondary schools. The difficulties in teaching and learning were identified through questionnaire surveys and interviews, and appropriate recommendations have been provided to assist English majors in improving their ability to tell the story of China well in English.
基于 SPOC 教学模式的超星学习通和腾讯会议线 上混合式教学研究
Authors: Zhou Yingyi
Published: May 2024

疫情期间，线下课程得不到持续保障，线上混合教学因此得到迅猛发展，成为了在校师生"停课不停学"的重要途径。基于此背景下，本文有针对性地基于超星学习通与腾讯会议两大线上系统，完成从传统线下课堂到线上平台的资源建设与应用，解决了因时空受限所带来的学习不便与因时空问题所产生的距离感，提升了师生间的课堂互动性与学生学习积极性，同时提高课堂效率。
During the epidemic, offline courses were not continuously guaranteed, and online hybrid teaching developed rapidly, becoming an important way for teachers and students to "stop learning". Based on this background, this paper completes the resource construction and application from traditional offline classroom to online platform based on the two online systems of Superstar Learning Pass and Tencent Meeting, solves the inconvenience of learning caused by time and space limitations and the sense of distance caused by time and space problems, improves classroom interaction between teachers and students, and improves classroom efficiency
A Study of Attitude in Art Criticism
Authors: Zhai Huijing , Zhai Wenjuan
Published: May 2024

Functional linguistic research focuses on the dimension of "implementation," with research on "instance" and "individuation" being relatively scarce. However, Appraisal Theory provides a comprehensive method for realizing "instance" and "individuation". Appraisal Theory, as a type of empirical research method with strong capabilities in both operation and application, is heavily involved in a variety of fields such as literature, art, philosophy, news, and law. Overall, research in the arts is deficient.
This study employs Appraisal Theory as a framework for analyzing the discourse of art criticism from the perspective of the attitude system, analyzing 83 art critiques chosen for their semantic meaning of emotion and valuation endowed by the writers in critical language. It performs identification, analysis, and classification on corpus resources in order to investigate the application of Appraisal theory in art criticism and summarize representation and feature of these attitudinal resources used. The author concludes that the attitudinal resources all involve affect, judgment, and appreciation, but are distributed unevenly.The feature demonstrates that more appreciation than affect and judgement is involved, more positive meaning than negative meaning is conveyed, and an explicit rather than implicit method is used. According to this study, the attitudinal resources effectively contribute to the establishment of relationships among the writer, artworks, and the potential reader, and they function well in appraisal by establishing a "resonance" relationship between the artwork and the potential reader within person.
Key words: Appraisal Theory, art criticism, discourse analysis, interpersonal relationship
On the Use of exaggeration in visual communication design Project Teaching
Authors: He Liandi
Published: May 2024

The impact of visual communication design has become increasingly influential in modern society. Exaggerated techniques inject a strong emotional color into the artistic beauty of visual communication design, making the work more appealing and causing a strong visual effect, which is without a doubt the key to adding color to the work. This paper mainly discusses the five forms of expression and function of exaggeration in visual communication design, the essence of exaggeration in visual communication design, and how to correctly use exaggeration techniques in visual communication design from the two perspectives of sensibility and rationality. Designers must fully understand the relationship between the exaggeration and authenticity of exaggerated techniques when using exaggerated techniques, grasp the "degree" of exaggerated techniques in visual communication design, and find the convergence of sensibility and rationality, so that exaggerated techniques can better serve visual communication design, otherwise it will produce negative communication effects.
混合教学模式下大学生深度学习的实证研究
Authors: Yang Chunfeng
Published: May 2024

在科技与互联网冲击的今天，大学生能否深度学习是对学习过程的重要评价指标，也是对学习结果的质量反馈。大学生能否从行为、认知、情感投入中进行深度的学习，教师能否在课堂内外组织有效的教学模式来促进学生完成深度学习还缺少足够的实证研究。基于此 2022 年 9 月至 12 月采用整群抽样法选取 2019 级学前教育专业《幼儿园环境创设》课程的 106 名学生为研究对象，采用混合式教学模式进行教学。评价教学阶段学习效果、自主学习能力、教学满意度和访谈结果。结果：106 名学生学习总成绩为（87.37±1.16）分，6 周混合式教学后行为、认知、情感投入明显提升，对教学总体满意度高，质性访谈结果与量性调查结果一致。结论：混合式教学可以满足学生深度学习的需求，学习成绩较理想。有利于提升学生的自主学习能力和教学满意度。为今后信息化教学手段下教与学的顺利实施提供借鉴和参考。
In today's era of technology and internet impact, whether college students can engage in deep learning is an important evaluation indicator for the learning process and also a quality feedback for learning outcomes. There is still a lack of sufficient empirical research on whether college students can engage in deep learning through behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement, and whether teachers can organize effective teaching models within and outside the classroom to promote students' completion of deep learning. Based on this, from September to December 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to select 106 students from the 2019 preschool education major "Kindergarten Environment Creation" course as the research subjects, and a blended teaching model was adopted for teaching. Evaluate the learning effectiveness, self-learning ability, teaching satisfaction, and interview results during the teaching stage. Conclusion: Blended teaching can meet the needs of students for deep learning and achieve ideal academic performance. It is beneficial for improving students' self-learning ability and teaching satisfaction. To provide reference and reference for the smooth implementation of teaching and learning through information-based teaching methods in the future.
Reticence in EFL speech production: A study of learners’ anxiety and vocabulary knowledge
Authors: Izadi Mehri , Zare Mohsen
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed at expanding our knowledge of Iranian EFL university students’ willingness to communicate in order to provide a clear picture of these learners’ preferences toward L2 communication. Two dimensions of reticence, learners’ approach toward communication and their perception of communication were analysed in relation to their vocabulary production ability and language anxiety as contributing factors. For this purpose, 156 undergraduate learners learning English as a foreign language filled in the Unwillingness-to-Communicate Scale (Burgoon, 1976), Vocabulary-Size Test of Controlled Productive Ability (Laufer & Nation, 1999), and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). The results of the study showed that the learners had an avoidance tendency and negative perception about communication. Moreover, the analysis of the results revealed a negative correlation between the learners’ avoidance and negative attitude toward communication and their productive vocabulary knowledge, a positive relationship between the learners’ avoidance and negative attitude toward communication and their anxiety level, and a negative correlation between the learners’ productive vocabulary knowledge and their anxiety level. The results also demonstrated that avoidance showed a stronger relationship with vocabulary knowledge and anxiety than with negative attitude. The results point out the importance of diminishing the learners’ reticence and its impact on successful learning experiences and achievement. It is suggested that teachers and instructors should encourage learners to participate in classroom discussions and help them to take risks and speak.
Business English teachers’ perceptions of their professional role in a Hungarian business school
Authors: Sándor Eszter
Published: May 2024

Since English has become the most frequently used lingua franca of the world of business, it is the responsibility of business schools to prepare students for conducting business both in English and in the mother tongue. Stakeholders need fresh graduates who can use English in a wide range of unpredictable situations, while legal requirements and school curricula still force teachers and students to learn English in order to be able to pass high-stake exams. This qualitative case study aims to explore and understand how three business English teachers in a Hungarian business school see their professional role and how they cope with the challenges of fulfilling curricular requirements on the one hand and meeting student and stakeholder demands on the other. The results show that the participating teachers consider the roles of creating a safe learning environment and offering emotional scaffolding the most important in order to be able to bridge the gap between what they are compelled to do and what they feel they should do.
The effect of short term Erasmus+ teacher training courses on foreign language teachers’ personal and professional competences – The case of four teachers
Authors: Furka Ildikó , Johnsen Borbála
Published: May 2024

The present research is an investigation into how, if at all, the personal development and professional competences of secondary education foreign language teachers are affected by a complex input abroad such as a short term Erasmus+ Mobility program. It was assumed that spending time abroad in a different cultural and professional environment may serve as a certain kind of input, more precisely a stressor (Bennet, 1986; Selye, 1966) for anyone. How they cope with it inadvertently influences the outcome of their professional development. While the effect of long-term input abroad has been widely researched (within expat literature, ESL and culture shock studies, etc.), the impact of short-term mobilities has not been explored. The aim of the present research is therefore to explore if such an input has any effect, and if yes, what kind of effect it exerts in personal and professional life. The research approach is explorative (Creswell, 2007) and participatory action research (MacDonald, 2012; Herr & Anderson, 2015). The participants were foreign language teachers with a minimum teaching experience of 15 years. Each participant took part in a two-week course. Three instruments were used: the psychological immune system was measured by the Psychological Immune System Inventory (PISI) used in a pre- and post-test format (Oláh, 2004); an emotional intelligence (EI) self-evaluation inventory (Neale, Spencer-Arnell, & Wilson, 2009); and finally open-ended (Dörnyei, 2007; Kvale, 1996) reflective interviews (Roulston, 2011) were carried out to supplement the numerical data of the first two inventories (Turner, 2010; Seliger & Shohamy, 1989). The results show changes in the coping preferences and EI tendencies of the participants, in which the course experiences were reflected. These changes are expected to appear in the participants’ professional competences after having reintegrated into their home culture.
Critical discourse analysis for language education: Unveiling power, ideology and manipulation in political discourse
Authors: Vadai Kata
Published: May 2024

The present paper focuses on the introduction of a new integrative problem-oriented analytical tool, the Power, Ideology and Manipulation Identification (PIMI) instrument, which was created for the analysis of political discourse, through adapting the most recent theories and methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. The study defines the meaning of power, ideology and manipulation, and attempts to trace their characteristic features in political discourse. These three concepts are of notable importance in the latest Critical Discourse Analysis literature, though the relations between them have not yet been entirely clarified. The present paper discusses the three concepts in parallel, whilst also introducing the new instrument, which has been built on the basis of two existing critical discourse analytical models (Chilton & Schäffner, 1997; van Dijk, 2006). Through presenting the results of the pilot analysis of a relevant piece of political discourse conducted using the new analytical instrument, the study also draws conclusions regarding the interconnected relationship between the three concepts examined. The data gained during the analysis indicate that inequality and polarization are significant elements in the case of each construct, and the results of the analysis also show that despite several overlaps, each concept has its own characteristic profile.
The Schematic Structure Use of Non-trained and Trained EFL Learner English Major BA Students
Authors: Szűcs Ágota
Published: May 2024

Having the appropriate schema plays a crucial role in text comprehension and in the ability to extract relevant pieces of information from a source text. Being able to successfully extract relevant information from a source text is most important in the case of tertiary education students, who are constantly required to solve tasks requiring this skill, for example, taking notes from books, writing summaries, or preparing presentations based on multiple source texts. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate how tertiary education students apply the appropriate formal schema when they have to solve a global summary and a guided summary writing task. The issue raised was investigated by analysing the global and guided summaries written by 12 first year English major BA students before and after receiving training in summary writing. The results suggest that at the beginning of their university studies, first year students completely lack the formal schema required for solving the guided summary task.
Establishing Categories in the Design of Rating Scales for MA-in-ELT Theses
Authors: Dávid Gergely A. , Piniel Katalin
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on a data-driven method for developing rating scales. The authors describe a project in which a set of analytical scales were developed for the evaluation of MA-in-English Language-Teaching (ELT) theses. An important stage in designing assessment systems is how rating scale categories may be identified, especially in the case of a complex construct, as is determined by requirements of MA theses, and when the categories are not handed down from time-honoured traditions. In this project, there was a conscious effort to make scale development as broadly-based as possible by involving as many of the potential users of the scales as possible. In this article, the authors present insights into some of the key issues that arose during scale development. Although the rating scales are context specific, the steps illustrated here may be useful for those planning to embark on a similar project in their own institutions, as well as for experts involved in assessment in general.
Developing Genre Awareness in Medical Translation Training – Introducing a Genre Typology and Translation Guide
Authors: Horváth Ágnes
Published: May 2024

As conscious language users and mediators, translators should understand that every text belongs to a certain genre and that every genre has its own rules and conventions. Otherwise, the result can be a text the target audience finds odd. To raise medical translators’ awareness of this problem, genre studies should be included in their training. However, as there are numerous genres of medical document, Semmelweis University’s medical translator training aims to develop students’ genre awareness and text analysis skills by providing them with a typology that allows them to discover the characteristics of any genre in a systematic way and make appropriate decisions in the process of translation. In this practitioner research, I present courses and tasks that contribute to trainee translators’ genre awareness building in medical translation. More specifically, I propose a genre typology based on a translation-oriented text analysis that helps trainees map genre characteristics and formulate adequate translation strategies. A translation guide is also put forward, which comes from the idea of the translation brief, that may serve as both a manual during the translation process and as a tool for measuring translation quality.
Myanmar EFL Learners’ Use of Technology-Mediated Lexical Applications and Vocabulary Learning Strategies: Piloting a Questionnaire
Authors: Khaing Thet Oo
Published: May 2024

The present study reports the development and piloting process of a questionnaire which explores Myanmar EFL learners’ use of technology-mediated lexical applications and vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) and examines problematic aspects of vocabulary knowledge for the learners. In second language (L2) vocabulary learning, technology-mediated lexical applications are increasingly used by EFL learners, which may affect their L2 vocabulary learning process and their vocabulary development (Ma, 2017a). This quantitative pilot study aims to design a complex questionnaire based on three main constructs; technology-mediated lexical applications, VLS, and problematic aspects of vocabulary knowledge. Altogether 95 BA students from a public university in Myanmar took part in this study. The preliminary results revealed that Myanmar EFL learners engage with open-online resources, e-dictionaries, online videos, online texts and social communication tools, and dictionary use was found to be the most commonly used strategy. Receptive knowledge appeared to be more problematic than productive knowledge in all aspects. It is hoped that the findings will contribute to a better understanding of Myanmar EFL learners’ vocabulary learning habits, which may prove useful in helping EFL teachers to foster the use of technology with the help of effective VLS to order to increase EFL learners’ receptive vocabulary knowledge.
Investigating The Perceived Effects of Starting a Second FL on Hungarian EFL Learners
Authors: Kürtös Adria Mária
Published: May 2024

Learning a foreign language (FL) in itself is emotionally challenging for learners demanding substantial motivation on their behalf. Learning two FLs in parallel might only increase the number of obstacles to overcome. The present qualitative research aims at discovering the possible effects of starting a new FL on 18-19-year-old Hungarian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. The data analysis revealed that the introduction of a second foreign language (FL2) did have an impact on students’ EFL learning in most cases and resulted in changes in their language learning motivation and emotions towards their FLs. Based on students’ attitudes these changes were identified as four different emerging themes. Overall, it may be stated that students’ language learning motivation and emotions seemingly depended on their previous EFL learning experiences and on their reception of the FL2. It can be concluded that none of the students mentioned that they had managed to acquire both FLs at a desired level before the data collection, and none of them described the same positive attitude towards learning the two FLs.
Critical thinking skills in English academic writing: An exploratory interview study of the perceptions and the experiences of EFL tutors at a Hungarian university
Authors: Kyi Phyu Aye
Published: May 2024

The development of students’ critical thinking (CT) skills in English academic writing poses challenges for both educators and students within the realm of English language teaching. In response to these challenges, the present study examines two main research questions related to tutors' perceptions and their experiences in fostering CT skills in English academic writing classes at a Hungarian university. The study employed a qualitative exploratory approach and involved the participation of five EFL tutors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that EFL tutors consider CT skills crucial for evaluating sources, analysing academic texts, questioning reliability, and expressing independent opinions. Various strategies are employed to foster CT skills, including sample texts, guided tasks, the process approach to teaching academic writing, technology use, written feedback, self-assessment, peer revision, and the Toulmin model. Challenges faced by EFL tutors include mixed English language proficiency levels of students, students' limited exposure to CT and academic writing, students' attitudes towards CT and academic writing, time constraints, and systemic issues. The study offers EFL tutors’ insights and effective strategies for enhancing students' CT skills in English academic writing.
effectiveness of language-related Youtube videos on EFL learning motivation
Authors: Daeli Ritueli
Published: May 2024

YouTube is a widely popular platform that offers a vast array of video content. This study aimed to explore the elements of YouTube videos that contribute to sustaining learners’ motivation. A survey was conducted among 349 young adult Indonesian learners. Statistical data analysis revealed that three types of language-related YouTube videos—language lessons, language tips, and language immersions—significantly influenced learners’ motivation to study English. However, language immersion videos exhibited a modestly lower level of effectiveness compared to the other video types. Additionally, it was observed that non-native English-speaker (NNES) videos were more effective in maintaining motivation across all proficiency levels, except for advanced learners, who responded better to native English speaker (NES) videos. Furthermore, the study concluded that videos ranging from 5 to 15 minutes were more effective in sustaining learners’ motivation, as opposed to shorter or longer videos. These findings explain that teachers consider incorporating explicit instruction or tips in their content to enhance learners’ motivation. The findings also indicate that teachers and designers should utilize NNES videos for beginners and intermediate learners, while NES videos may be more effective for advanced learners. Lastly, when choosing instructional videos, the video length should be considered to ensure that learners remain motivated.
Teachers’ attitudes towards information communication technology use in EFL teaching at primary schools in Vietnam – A pilot study
Authors: Vuong Thi Hoan
Published: May 2024

One of the main goals set by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) for the 2022-2025 period is to extensively revamp Vietnam’s educational system in a way that teaching and learning in a digital environment plays a fundamental role in daily classroom activities. The present study aims to pilot the instrument developed by Christensen and Knezek (2009) to measure teachers’ attitudes towards computers and to examine EFL teachers’ attitudes toward ICT use at primary schools in Vietnam. To achieve the aims of the research, 202 EFL teachers were randomly recruited to complete the 73-item questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to examine the reliability of the instrument. In addition, several further analyses were conducted to explore teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use in EFL teaching. The findings suggest that the instrument is adequate, reliable, and valid, and that EFL teachers revealed strong interest, low anxiety, low avoidance, and high awareness of the usefulness of ICT use in teaching as well as its role in young learners’ language development. The results showed that teaching experience and job status impact EFL teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use while age and school locations do not. Future research is encouraged to clarify teachers’ neutral attitudes towards online interaction as well as their ignorance regarding the negative impacts of ICT use.
Reflecting on the experiences of staff and students going here, there (online), and back again on an English for Specific Purposes programme
Authors: Edwards Tim
Published: May 2024

Many programs taught in 2020-2022 under emergency then planned online conditions are returning to face-to-face or blended teaching. This article narrates and reflects on student experiences before, during, and after the pandemic, in face-to-face, emergency online, planned online, and blended modes, in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) program with a special focus on building cultural connections. It uses student voice from surveys and semi-structured interviews and compares our experiences with international ones. It relates students’ feelings that while language and cultural learning aims were achieved by the online cohorts, the quality and amount of these achievements were negatively impacted by the online environment, the accessibility and reliability of equipment and connectivity, and digital literacy. The article concludes with reflections based on four years of delivery, including the 2023 face-to-face program. It also gives suggestions about materials and training for staff and students when preparing courses in future whether online, face-to-face, or blended.
Vietnam - India Oil and Gas Cooperation: From “Strategic Partnership” To “Comprehensive Strategic Partnership”
Authors: Ha Do Thanh , Tien Tran Nam
Published: May 2024

Entering a new phase of the "Look East Policy": the "Act East" policy, the relationship between Vietnam and India has grown and developed in almost all fields. Based on a developing traditional relationship, upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership, Vietnam is an essential pillar in India's "Act East" policy in the Indo-Pacific context. With abundant resources, especially oil, and gas, the collaboration and investment between the two nations in this field have been increasingly strengthened and developed despite adverse reactions from China - a key challenge in the relationship between the two countries – especially in oil and gas exploration and production projects in the South China Sea. This article presents the results of cooperation between Vietnam and India in the oil and gas field in the context of China's rise and strong intervention.