bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the influences of high soil resistivity on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes
Authors: Gouda Osama E. , Dein Adel Z. El , Yassin Sara
Published: May 2023

This article presents a study for the investigation of the impacts of the high soil resistivity of homogeneous and heterogeneous soils on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes when the soil ionization phenomenon is considered. Investigations are done on the performance of the grounding electrode when the soil resistivity is taken between 500 and 2000 Ω.m in homogeneous soil and for positive and negative reflection factors in case of heterogeneous soils. In the proposed model of this study for heterogeneous soils, it is taken into account that each layer of soil has its own resistivity and its own permittivity which are frequency-dependent. The field of the soil ionization around grounding electrode under lightning is investigated. The results are presented to understand the performance of the grounding electrode such as impulse impedance, grounding potential rise, front time of lightning stroke, the peak current of a lightning stroke, and type of grounding electrode and effective length of a grounding electrode. The transmission line approach with the aid of the (ATP) which is defined as hybrid approach is used to compute the transient performance of the vertical and horizontal grounding electrodes under lightning influence. The results are supported by the latest published articles to ensure its credibility.
Cuproptosis-Related Risk Score Model Predicts Prognosis and Immune Characteristics of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li Peijin , Li Xuejiao , Shi Zehui , Guo Ziwei , Yang Cheng , Wu Qiyong
Published: May 2023

In cancer, the incidence of ESCA is the eighth and the mortality is the sixth worldwide. Copper is one of race metal elements in human body, which may play an important role in apoptosis in cancer. In recent years, Cuproptosis was proposed and studied as a less explored form of apoptosis. The main apoptotic mechanism is that copper binding to lipidated components, which are producted in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) directly, causes protein lipidation and subsequently leads to the lack of Fe-S cluster proteins, triggering proteotoxic stress and eventually apoptosis. Our study explored the role of cuproptosis in ESCA and built a risk model by using TCGA-ESCA date, named cuproptosis-related risk score model (CRRS). This model obtained cuproptosis-related risk scores to assess patient survival and prognosis. We also explored the differential expressed gene function enrichment, immune characteristics, and the tumor mutational load (TMB) between the two risk groups. Besides, we predicted the drug sensitivity of ESCA in the CRRS.
How do teenagers sleep? Analysis of factors related to sleep disorders in a group of Polish high school students
Authors: Tatar Dominika , Dębski Paweł , Bocian Bogusława , Bąkowska Małgorzata , Będkowska Joanna , Tropiejko Magda , Główczyński Patryk , Badura-Brzoza Karina
Published: May 2023

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the adolescent population. Caused by genetic, biological, social and environmental factors, it affects disturbances in everyday functioning in many aspects of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors related to the occurrence of insomnia among high school students.
Material:
The study was conducted among 2364 high school students aged between 14 to 19 years old (the average age 17.92±1.10), of which there were 2068 girls and 295 boys.
Method: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and authorial demographic data questionnaire involved questions about physical activity during the day, smoking, frequency of upper respiratory tract infections, problems with concentration and memory, school achievements, and the use of mobile devices at bedtime were used to assess examined parameters. The scale and questionnaires were shared on-line via social media.
Results: Analyzing the results obtained in the study group, the average score of 8.42±4.16 was obtained in the AIS, which allows the assessment of sleep disorders bordering on normal. After division into groups of girls and boys, 8.38±4.56 points were obtained, respectively for girls and 8.43±4.27pts. for boys - the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, statistically significant differences were not found when dividing the groups into the one in which adolescents used the phone just before bedtime and the one that did not use it. The act of sleeping alone or with another person in the room also did not differentiate the groups statistically, as well as the place of residence. Statistically significant worse results in the AIS scale were obtained by people who declared worse physical activity during the day and smoking cigarettes, as well as those who reported more frequent problems with concentration and memory, had worse school performance and suffered from upper respiratory infections more often.
Conclusions
1. Sleep disorders may be related to factors such as smoking cigarettes or lack of physical activity, as well as difficulties in concentrating attention, memory disorders or worse academic performance and a tendency to contract upper respiratory tract infections.
2. Elimination of factors that may adversely affect the quality of sleep is particularly important in the group of adolescents, in whom the developing structures of the central nervous system may be particularly sensitive to deficiencies in this area
Use of Magnetotactic Bacteria as an MRI Contrast Agent for In Vivo Tracking of Adoptively Transferred Immune Cells
Authors: Nuschke Andrea , Sobey-Skelton Caitrin , Dawod Bassel , Kelly Brianna , Tremblay Marie-Laurence , Davis Christa , Rioux James A. , Brewer Kimberly
Published: May 2023

Purpose
In vivo immune cell tracking using MRI is a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms underlying successful cancer therapies. Current cell labeling methods using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) lack the specificity and persistence needed to track the fate and location of transplanted cells long-term. Magnetospirillium magneticum is a commercially available, iron-producing bacterium that can be taken up by, and live harmoniously within, mammalian cells as magneto-endosymbionts (MEs). MEs have shown promise as labeling agents for in vivo stem and cancer cell tracking but have yet to be evaluated in immune cells. This pilot study examined ME labeling in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and dendritic cells (DCs) and its effects on cell purity, function and MRI contrast.
Procedures:
MDSCs, CTLs and DCs were incubated with MEs at various ME labelling ratios (MLR) and various biological metrics and iron uptake were assessed. For in vivo imaging, MDSCs were labeled overnight with either MEs or SPIO (Molday ION Rhodamine B) and injected into C3 tumor-bearing mice via tail vein injection 24 days post-implant and scanned daily with MRI for one week to assess cellular quantification.
Results
Following incubations MDSCs contained 0.62 and 2.22 pg Fe/ cell. CTLs achieved Fe loading of < 0.5 pg/ cell and DCs achieved Fe loading of ~ 1.4pg/cell. The suppressive functionality of MDSCs at 1000MLR was not affected by ME labeling but was affected at 2000MLR. Markers of CTL dysfunction were not markedly affected by ME labeling, nor were DC markers. In vivo data demonstrated that the MDSCs labeled with MEs generated sufficient contrast to be detectable using TurboSPI, similar to SPIO-labeled cells.
Conclusions
Cells can be labeled with pre-clinically relevant amounts of MEs without compromising cell viability. Care must be taken at higher concentrations of MEs, which may affect the functional activity and/or morphology of some cell types. Immune cells with minimal phagocytic behaviour have much lower iron content per cells after incubation with MEs vs SPIO; however, MEs can successfully be used as a contrast agent for phagocytic immune cells.
Surgical outcomes in elective sigmoid resection for diverticulitis stratified according to indication: a propensity-score matched cohort study with 903 patients
Authors: Nocera Fabio , Haak Fabian , Posabella Alberto , Angehrn Fiorenzo Valente , Peterli Ralph , Müller Beat Peter , Steinemann Daniel C.
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Weighing the perioperative risk of elective sigmoidectomy is done regardless of the specific diverticulitis classification. The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes according to the classification grade and the indication.
Methods
All patients who underwent elective surgery for diverticulitis between 2011 and 2020 were included. They were divided into two groups: relative surgery indication (RSI) and absolute surgery indication (ASI). RSI included microabscess and recurrent uncomplicated disease. ASI included macroabscess and recurrent complicated disease. Propensity score-matching (PSM, 1:1) was performed.
Results
Criteria for RSI were fulfilled in 585npatients and for ASI in 318. After PSM, 318 RSI vs. 318 ASI patients were selected; baseline characteristics results were comparable. The proportion of planned laparoscopic resection was 93% in RSI versus 75% in ASI (p<0.001), and the conversion rate to open surgery for laparoscopic resection was 5.0% and 13.8% in RSI versus ASI (p<0.001). Major morbidity (Clavien/Dindo ≥IIIb) occurred less frequently in RSI (3.77% vs. 10%, p=0.003). A defunctioning stoma was formed in 0.9% and 11.0% in RSI vs ASI, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The lower risk for postoperative morbidity, the higher chance for a laparoscopic resection and the decreased rate of stoma formation are attributed to patients with recurrent uncomplicated diverticulitis or diverticulitis including a microabscess as compared to patients with complicated diverticulitis or diverticulitis and a macroabscess, and this applies even after PSM. Knowledge of stage-specific perioperative risk is important in determining indications and counseling patients.
Quantum Authentication Method based on Key-Controlled Maximally Mixed Quantum State Encryption
Authors: Lim Na-Hee , Choi Ji-Woong , Kang Min-Sung , Yang Hyung-Jin , Han Sang-Wook
Published: May 2023

Quantum authentication is a fundamental first step that ensures secure quantum communication. Although various quantum authentication methods have been proposed recently, their implementation efficiency is limited. This paper proposes a key-controlled maximally mixed quantum state encryption method using only a single qubit operation, which improves implementation feasibility and operation efficiency. We applied it to representative quantum authentication applications, namely, quantum identity and message authentication. The security of our authentication schemes was verified by analyzing the relationship between the integral ratio of Uhlmann's fidelity and probability of successful eavesdropping. Moreover, we demonstrate the higher authentication efficiency of the proposed scheme in a real quantum-channel noise environment.
Virological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with respiratory disease in Wuhan
Authors: Li Liangyu , Zhang Haiyue , Xiong Pei , Liu Chan , Wan Lu , Liu Mengling , Li Ruiyun , Shang Min , Liu Hailing , Ying Jing , Luo yuchuan , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Jianjun
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Identifying the cause of respiratory tract infections is important to reduce the burden of diagnosis and treatment. However, defining viral pneumonia based on viral detection in upper respiratory tract specimens gives ambiguous results. Thus, this study aimed to assess viral etiologies via bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens from patients with different respiratory diseases.
Methods
BALF specimens (n = 335) from adult patients with respiratory disease were sampled between November 2020 and November 2021, and 22 respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical data were collected from the hospital information system.
Results
At least one virus was identified in 118 (35.22%) cases. The most common viruses identified were influenza (33.13%), parainfluenza (3.28%), coronavirus (2.99%), rhinoviruses (2.09%), and respiratory syncytial (1.49%) viruses. No variations were observed in clinical symptoms between the viral and non-viral groups or among the different respiratory disease groups. The highest viral detection rate was observed in the tuberculosis group. Viral load was higher in co-infection than in single infection. In addition to influenza viruses, other viruses listed above are important in the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in adults.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that rapid and accurate laboratory respiratory virus diagnosis is necessary for disease diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary antimicrobial drug use.
DNS and POD analysis of separated flow ina three-dimensional diffuser
Authors: Miró Arnau , Eiximeno Benet , Rodríguez Ivette , Lehmkuhl Oriol
Published: May 2023

A direct numerical simulation of a three dimensional diffuser at Reynoldsnumber Re = 10, 000 (based on inlet bulk velocity) has been per-formed using a low-dissipation finite element code. The geometry chosenfor this work is the Stanford diffuser, introduced by Cherry et al.(Int.J. Heat Fluid Fl. 29, 2008, pp. 803-811). Results have been exhaus-tively compared with the published data with a quite good agreement.A proper orthogonal decomposition and a dynamic mode decompositionanalysis of the main flow variables have been performed to identify themain characteristics of the large-scale motions. A combined motion of thelarge-scales has been found to originate in the top-right expansion cornerwith two clear features. A low-frequency diagonal cross-stream beatingfeature first reported by Malm et al. (J. Fluid Mech. 699, 2012, pp.320-351), has been clearly identified in the spatial modes of the stream-wise velocity components and the pressure, associated with the narrowband frequency of St ∈ [0.083, 0.01]. This feature has been found tobe more compacted near the expansion corner and elongates inside the diffuser section. A second low-frequency feature has been identified asso-ciated with the secondary flows and acting as a back and forth globalaccelerating-decelerating motion on the diffuser. The frequencies associ-ated to this motion are of St < 0.005, while the smallest observed inthis work has been St = 0.0013. This low-frequency motion observedin the Stanford diffuser point out the need for longer simulations.
Effect of modified nanographene oxide loading on the swelling and compression set behavior of EPDM/SBR nano-composites
Authors: Prakash P. C. , Vishvanathperumal S. , Navaneethakrishnan V.
Published: May 2023

Nanographene oxide (GO) is used to improve the physical properties of blends of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nano-composites compared with modified nanographene oxide (mGO). The modified Hummers method was used to develop the GO. GO was treated using two types of surface modifiers, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent (KH550), and then incorporated into an EPDM/SBR rubber matrix at different concentrations, processed with an open-mill mixer, and vulcanised. The influence of mGO concentration on EPDM/SBR nanocomposites' swelling and compression set behaviour was investigated in this paper. Comparative analysis was done on the outcomes of various compositions for EPDM/SBR-GO and EPDM/SBR-mGO with nanofiller at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 phr. In both GO-filled nanocomposites and mGO-filled nanocomposites, the increase in mGO loading is associated with a significant reduction in mole percent uptake while the compression set increases, according to the current study. In mGO-filled nanocomposites, this phenomenon is more evident than in GO-filled nanocomposites. The effect of the conditioning environment on the characteristics under investigation is clearly distinguished in this study. Swelling resistance and compression set are improved in nanocomposites containing KH550 modified GO.
Decreased interleukin-17RA expression is associated with good prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and inhibits tumor growth and vascularity in mice
Authors: Jiang Jeng-Kai , Lin Chi-Hung , Chang Ting-An , Lo Liang-Chuan , Lin Chien-Ping , Lu Ruey-Hwa , Yang Chih-Yung
Published: May 2023

Background
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role in the promotion of tumorigenesis in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on current evidence, IL-17 binds to interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA); however, the role of IL-17RA has not been elucidated in previous studies on CRC. In this study, we explored the role of IL-17RA in human CRC tissues and the progression of CRC in humans and mice.
Methods
The expressions of IL-17RA and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes were examined in CRC cells and tissue samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The role of IL-17RA in pathogenesis and prognosis was evaluated using a Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis in 133 CRC patients. Murine stable IL-17RA knockdown CT-26 CRC cells were used to examine the functions of IL-17RA on cells proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, A tumor-bearing mice model was executed to evaluate the role of IL-17RA in tumor growth, vascularity and population of infiltrating immune cells.
Results
IL-17RA expression was found to be significantly higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of IL-17RA in stage IV patients was significantly higher than that in stages I and II patients. Patients with high IL-17RA expression exhibited significantly worse overall and CRC-specific survival than those with low IL-17RA expression. Functional assessment suggested that the knockdown of IL-17RA expression distinctly suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT-related gene expression. In a tumor-bearing mouse model, decreased IL-17RA expression significantly repressed tumor growth and vascularity and reduced the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Reduced IL-17RA expression also suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the expression of EMT genes. Knockdown of IL-17RA inhibited tumor growth and vascularity and decreased the population of Tregs and MDSCs in mouse tumors.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that decrease IL-17RA expression impairs cellular proliferation, migration and invasion ability, as well as EMT gene expression. Furthermore, knockdown IL-17RA suppressed the tumor vascularity, growth and reduced the population of Tregs and MDSCs in mice tumors. In addition, IL-17RA expression was identified to be independently associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC.
A risk-scoring system for assessing prognosis in multiple myeloma patients based on a large real-world sample
Authors: Wang Yue , Yang Yang , Wang Wenjing , Li Jing , Xu Tianhong , Liu Peng
Published: May 2023

Objective
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy with a diversity of clinical characteristics and prognoses. The commonly used staging system has obvious shortcomings. Exploring accurate prognostic models is essential.
Methods
A total of 1,276 newly diagnosed MM patients were selected from Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University between January 2010 and April 2021. After excluding patients with amyloidosis or other tumors, a total of 802 patients receiving standard first-line therapy were included. 703 patients in the non-transplant group (527 patients in the training set and 176 patients in the validation set) and 109 patients in the transplant group. We enrolled 41 baseline parameters including clinical, laboratory, and pathological features. We used univariate and multivariate Cox analyses to screen for factors associated with overall survival and to develop prognostic models.
Results
The final risk-scoring system includes ECOG score, extramedullary lesion, thrombocyte, reticulocyte, anion gap, hypercalcemia, complement C3, β2-microglobulin, cytogenetics and interleukin-2 receptor. We identify the optimal cut-off for the risk score and divide the patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-rank tests showed that the risk score was significant with overall survival in the training set (P < 0.001), validation set (P < 0.001) and transplant group (P = 0.02). The time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curve shows that the risk score has a better predictive value than the commonly used staging system.
Conclusion
A novel MM risk score system is developed based on a large real-world sample. We have performed a comprehensive assessment of baseline disease characteristics, which is of high application and practice value.
Transient receptor potential-canonical channels in the nervous system
Authors: Tong Yuchen , Yang Junjing , Du Lailing
Published: May 2023

Transient receptor potential-canonical (TRPC) channels are non-selective cation channels, which have highly selective permeability to calcium ions. TRPC channels start to be expressed early in embryonic development and remain present until adulthood. In the brain, TRPC channels regulate the depletion of second messengers and calcium stores and are activated by a range of mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that TRPC channels are associated with regulating basic neural function. TRPC channels have some association with neurodevelopment, neural cell proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, TRPC channels are believed to play a relevant role in neurosecretion, LTP, and synaptic plasticity. Over the past few years, several important studies have linked TRPC channels to neurons, and constantly emphasized the decisive contribution of this group of channels in modulating neural function. In this paper, we review the role of TRPC channels in neurodevelopment, mature nervous system, and neurological diseases.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors regulates the interrelation between 5-HT and inflammation after myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Lu Nan , Liu Meiyan
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to explore the effect of escitalopram in treating a model under myocardial infarction (MI) and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with sham surgery, or MI surgery, or UCMS, or escitalopram (ES) for a consecutive two weeks. And the mice were divided into Sham group, MI group, MI + UCMS group, MI + UCMS + ES group (n = 8 in each group). After treatment, the mice went through open field test for anxiety behavior, sucrose preference test for depressive behavior. After sacrificed, the blood, heart, hippocampus, and cortex were collected.The escitalopram badly increased the area of cardiac fibrosis size. The sucrose preference demonstrated that escitalopram treatment showed significant effect in improving depressive behaviors of mice under MI + UCMS. The potential mechanism involved the interrelation between 5-HT system and inflammation. MI significantly affected the level of cardiac SERT. Both UCMS and ES significantly affected the level of cortex TNF-α. UCMS significantly affect the level of cardiac IL-33. In the hippocampus tissue, TNF-α was positively correlated with SERT, and IL-10 was positively correlated with SERT. In the cortex tissue, IL-33 was positively correlated with 5-HT4R, and sST2 was positively correlated with 5-HT. Two-week escitalopram treatment might worsen myocardial infarction. But escitalopram could benefit depressive behaviors, which may be related with the interrelationship between the 5-HT system and inflammatory factors in the brain.
An Investigation on Effects of Modes of Cooling on Mechanical Property of Sn-Cu Alloy
Authors: Satyanarayan  , Raju Rajath , Algur Veerabhadrappa , M.C  , A Jayarama , Basavaraja Kusammanavar
Published: May 2023

63Sn–37Pb solder alloy is widely used as filler materials in electronic packaging industries. However, due to environmental and human health concern use of lead (Pb) in electronic applications is restricted. Thus, Pb−free solders are preferred in electronic packaging to replace Sn–37Pb solder. Sn–0.7Cu lead free solder alloy has attracted considerable attention. However, research works on effects of modes of cooling of Sn–0.7Cu Pb−free solder are scant. The cooling or solidification behaviour controls the metallurgical microstructure of solder alloys. To work satisfactorily in electronic packaging applications, good hardness is essential for reliability of Sn–Cu solder alloy. Hence in the current research work, the effect of casting moulds on solidification behaviour, microstructure and mechanical property (hardness) of Sn–0.7Cu alloy is assessed. Two cooling moulds mild steel (MS) and Graphite around water and two different cooling media (Furnace, air) were used for solidification to achieve different cooling modes. Further, an effect of grain morphology and hardness on Sn–0.7Cu alloy cooled in different moulds/media were assessed.
Clinical Outcomes of Robotic Posterosuperior Hepatectomy Compared to Major Hepatectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Liver Resection for Difficult Segments Using Robotic Platform.
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Patel Niritta , Syblis Cameron , Guenoun Kawtar , Crowley Marcy , Ross Sharona , Rosemurgy Alexander
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Minimally invasive resection of posterosuperior hepatic segments (i.e., segments VII and VIII) is a technically challenging operation due to limited visibility and accessibility. Therefore, this type of liver resection is mainly undertaken via a traditional open approach. We aimed to analyze the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of robotic posterosuperior resection and compare them with those of robotic major hepatectomy.
Methods
128 patients undergoing robotic posterosuperior and major hepatectomy were included. Patient demographics, intra-, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD).
Results
Robotic posterosuperior resection was undertaken in 32 patients, and these patients were propensity score-matched to 96 patients who underwent a robotic major hepatectomy. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, past liver and abdominal operations, ASA, MELD score, Child-Pugh score, and number of patients with cirrhosis. In patients who underwent robotic posterosuperior resection versus major hepatectomy, there were no differences in the following intraoperative variables: operative duration (292 vs 281 minutes; p = 0.87), estimated blood loss (200 vs 175 mL; p = 0.32), and R1 status (0% vs 2%; p = 1.00). There were no open conversions. Postoperatively, there were no significant differences in outcomes, including Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complications (0% vs 4%; p = 0.57), length of stay (4 vs 4 days; p = 1.00), 30-day readmissions (22% vs 18%; p = 0.61), 30-and 90-day mortality (0% vs 1%; p = 1.00). The IWATE difficulty scores were significantly higher for the posterosuperior hepatectomies.
Conclusions
Robotic posterosuperior hepatectomy is safe, feasible, and effective with excellent clinical outcomes, similar to those of major hepatectomy.
IL-6 mediated renal tubular cell senescence via GATA2/ SERPINE1 pathway
Authors: lin xiaoxi , Sun Keke , Liu Qihui , Zhao Yibo , Zhang Yan , Shou Songtao , Chai Yanfen , Jin Heng
Published: May 2023

Background
Acute kidney injury due to crush syndrome is a major life-threatening complication characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The role of senescence in the progression of acute kidney injury is receiving increasing attention. Our previous study has shown that remote ischemic postconditioning can attenuate kidney cell senescence and serum IL-6 from ischemia-reperfusion injury after crush injury. This raises the question of what role IL-6 plays in the progression of CS-AKI. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-6 in CS-AKI.
Methods
Hk-2 cells were treated with 150uM ferrous myoglobin to mimic CS-AKI at the cellular level. Cells were harvested after 24 hours or treated with 100ug/ml tocilizumab for another 24 hours. RNA sequencing was performed on myoglobin and tocilizumab treated cells. The cell cycle and the percentage of senescent cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of SERPINE1, GATA2, p53, p21 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The binding effect of SERPINE1 and GATA2 was verified by dual luciferase gene reporter assay.
Results
RNA sequencing revealed genes down-regulated by tocilizumab in HK-2 cells, including GATA2 and SERPINE1. qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that GATA2, SERPINE1, p53 and p21 expression decreased after tocilizumab treatment. The dual luciferase gene reporter verified that GATA2 acts on the promoter of SERPINE1 (PAI-1) to initiate SERPINE1 transcription.
Conclusions
In a word, IL-6 activates the p53/ P21 pathway through GATA2/SERPINE1, which triggers senescence in CS-AKI and then promotes the progression of AKI (Fig. 1 graphical abstract).
Discovery of novel inhibitors of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) via virtual screening and biochemical evaluation
Authors: Hao Xuanrun , Wei Minqin , Li Haining , Su Qing
Published: May 2023

The number of deaths from cancer is increasing worldwide every year. IDO (ndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) is an important target for tumour therapy. Overexpression of IDO in the tumour microenvironment leads to apoptosis of effector T-cells, resulting in tumour development. Inhibition of IDO expression has been shown to be an effective tumour therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find new IDO inhibitors. Virtual screening and bioassay methods, including molecular docking, drug-like property investigation and anti-tumour evaluation, were used to search for new potential IDO inhibitors in the Specs database. A compound with potent inhibitory activity on Hela cells was found, IC50 value was 3.959 ± 0.380 µ M. By analysing the binding mechanism of the compound with IDO protein, the possible source of its activity was explained. In conclusion, this paper reports a virtual screening strategy based on molecular docking. Through this strategy, compounds with anti-tumour activity were obtained. It provides a new direction for the discovery and development of anti-tumour agents in the future.
Evolution of contact surface characteristics and tribological properties of copper-based self-lubricating composites under heavy load
Authors: Li Yongdu , Zhang Yuan , Wang Xuejun , Li Yang , Wang Xiaohong , Huang Junjie , Yang Mei
Published: May 2023

The composite material sintered by copper and graphite belongs to 'pseudo-alloy', which reduces its self-lubricating performance to a certain extent. Because WS2 and graphite have similar self-lubricating characteristics, the synergistic lubrication mechanism of copper-based graphite-WS2 (Cu-Gr-WS2) has become a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, the synergistic lubrication mechanism and friction contact surface characteristics of Cu-Gr-WS2 self-lubricating composites under different friction loads were studied. The results show that the friction coefficient first decreases and then increases under the load from 20N to 110N, and the worn surface roughness first decreases and then increases. There is almost no self-lubricating film on the contact surface under small loads. With the load increasing to 80N, the friction coefficient is as low as 0.115, and a continuous and smooth graphite-WS2 self-lubricating film is formed on the contact surface. The main wear mechanism is delamination wear, and the thickness of the lubricating film is about 14.5nm by XPS etching. When the load continues to increase to 110N, there are many adhesion pits on the lubrication film of the contact surface, and the self-lubricating performance decreases.
CCA-LSTM: A Novel Hybrid Prediction Network Based on Convolutional Channel Attention Mechanism and LSTM for PM2.5 Concentration Prediction
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Chen Zheng , hu Feng
Published: May 2023

Accurate prediction of PM2.5 is crucial for urban ecological management, and with the advancement of digital transformation, it is necessary to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of pollutant concentrations in multiple stations jointly. However, traditional prediction models have limited ability to utilize spatial correlation in joint prediction of multiple stations, and their structure designs do not fit well with the application context of PM2.5 concentration prediction, leading to poor accuracy. On the one hand, flexible spatiotemporal dependence model-ing of multiple stations can effectively alleviate accuracy errors caused by spatial heterogeneity. On the other hand, the model structure design can be determined through classical analysis methods, and influential feature values can be determined for subsequent modeling to enhance model robustness. Based on these views, this paper proposes a corresponding data analysis process and designs a deep network based on convolution, channel attention mechanism, and LSTM (short for, CCA-LSTM) for predicting PM2.5 concentration. Specifically, we use clustering methods to select station data with high spatial correlation, then model pollutant data from both deterministic and uncertain aspects, and finally use CCA-LSTM for prediction. CCA-LSTM consists of three key components: (1) a smoothing layer for smoothing seasonal factors to enable the model to focus on learning residuals that can be described by features; (2) a multi-branch convolu-tion for learning the multi-periodicity of pollutant data; (3) a channel attention mechanism for weighting important historical time-step states. Experiments on real datasets have shown that our method outperforms five baseline methods.
Is There a Relationship Between the Severity of Disease in Major Depressive Disorder Patients and Dry Eye Disease?
Authors: Gökçe Gizem Doğan , Metin Merve
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate dry eye disease (DED) in newly diagnosed patients with depressive disorder (MDD).Method: This observational study included 48 MDD patients in Group 1 and 20 healthy controls in Group 2. Psychiatric and ophthalmic examinations, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and ocular staining were conducted. The results were statistically compared.Results: The participants, comprising 32 men and 36 women, had a mean age of 31.08 ± 11.7 years (18–64 years). Group 1 had a mean BDI score of 30.87 ± 8.56, while Group 2 had a score of 1.3 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001). In Group 1, 28 patients were diagnosed with DED, whereas in Group 2, six patients were diagnosed with DED. The mean Schirmer's results in Group 1 and Group 2 were (mm/5min) 10.87 ± 2.44 and 12.70 ± 2.3, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group 1 (p < 0.001). The mean OSDI scores in Group 1 (34.95 ± 15.8) were significantly higher compared to Group 2 (3.2 ± 3.1) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in mean TBUT between Group 1 (9.41 ± 2.6 sec) and Group 2 (9.8 ± 0.61 sec) (p > 0.05). Significant correlations were found between BDI scores and Schirmer's results as well as OSDI scores (p < 0.05, p = 0.02, respectively). No statistically significant correlations were found between BDI scores and TBUT or MGD (p > 0.05).Conclusion: DED was found to be more prevalent in the MDD group. The severity of MDD and DED, as indicated by BDI, OSDI, and Schirmer's results, were found to be correlated. It was observed that patients with higher depression scores had more severe dry eye. As a result, we recommend performing ophthalmic examinations in newly diagnosed MDD patients.
The discovery of the variability of Alpha Sextantis, a non-eclipsing binary star
Authors: Hamedamen Aven M. , Murad Ismail , Murad Ismail
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the discovery of the variability of the main star of the Sextans constellation. The discovery was made using data from the TESS space telescope, and the analysis was done in Peranso.
Climate change impacts on Aotearoa New Zealand: a horizon scan approach
Authors: Macinnis-Ng Cate , Ziedins Ilze , Ajmal Hamza , Baisden Troy W. , Hendy Shaun , McDonald Adrian , Priestley Rebecca , Salmon Rhian A. , Sharp Emma L. , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Velarde Sandra , Watene Krushil , Godsoe William
Published: May 2023

Many of the implications of climate change for Aotearoa (New Zealand) remain unclear. To identify so-far unseen threats and opportunities related to climate change we applied a horizon-scanning process. First, we collated 171 threats and opportunities across our diverse fields of research. We then scored each item for novelty and potential impact and finally reduced the list to ten threats and ten opportunities through a prioritisation process. Within the 20 items presented in this paper, we uncover a range of climate-related costs and benefits. Unexpected opportunities evolve from economic reorganisation and changes to perspectives. The threats we highlight include the overall failure to interconnect siloed policy responses, as well as those relating to extreme events and feedbacks, as well pressures that undermine the coherence of society. A major theme of our work is that climate changes’ effects in Aotearoa are likely to transgress the boundaries of research disciplines, industry sectors and policy systems, emphasising the importance of developing transdisciplinary methods and approaches. We use this insight to connect potential responses to climate change with Aotearoa’s culture and geography.
Accuracy assessment and uncertainty of the 2020 10-meter
resolution land use land cover maps at local scale. Case:
talassemtane national park, Morocco
Authors: Chemchaoui Abdelazziz , Brhadda Najiba , Alaoui Hassana Ismaili , Souad El Gazi , Bouchra El Asri , Rabea Ziri
Published: May 2023

Global Land use land cover (LULC) maps play an important role in monitoring forest 1 dynamics and are a tool for any spatial planner. More and more institutes are interested in the 2 production of such maps, especially with high-resolution imagery freely available and the emergence 3 of new techniques. But they should be submitted to an accuracy assessment for accurate and better 4 use at the local scale. The two products that are the subject of this study are ESA Worldcover 2020 5 and ESRI Landcover 2020. These two products have been subjected to an accuracy assessment in 6 Talassemtane National Park(TNP). The results showed an overall accuracy of 58.06% for the ESA 7 product and 78.97% for the ESRI product. In addition, the Area-based accuracy was conducted to 8 adjust each class’s area and evaluate uncertainty. Finally, the spatial agreement between the two 9 products showed a result of 66,43 % at the local level in the TNP. This work will be used for research 10 studies in the Talassemtane National Park area, particularly for evaluating ecosystem services.
Accuracy assessment and uncertainty of the 2020 10-meter resolution land use land cover maps at local scale. Case: talassemtane national park, Morocco
Authors: Chemchaoui Abdelazziz , Brhadda Najiba , Alaoui Hassana Ismaili , Souad El Gazi , Bouchra El Asri , Rabea Ziri
Published: May 2023

Global Land use land cover (LULC) maps play an important role in monitoring forest 1 dynamics and are a tool for any spatial planner. More and more institutes are interested in the 2 production of such maps, especially with high-resolution imagery freely available and the emergence 3 of new techniques. But they should be submitted to an accuracy assessment for accurate and better 4 use at the local scale. The two products that are the subject of this study are ESA Worldcover 2020 5 and ESRI Landcover 2020. These two products have been subjected to an accuracy assessment in 6 Talassemtane National Park(TNP). The results showed an overall accuracy of 58.06% for the ESA 7 product and 78.97% for the ESRI product. In addition, the Area-based accuracy was conducted to 8 adjust each class’s area and evaluate uncertainty. Finally, the spatial agreement between the two 9 products showed a result of 66,43 % at the local level in the TNP. This work will be used for research 10 studies in the Talassemtane National Park area, particularly for evaluating ecosystem services.
Low Power Electronic Voltage Transformer Design and Construction
Authors: KILINÇ Yusuf , BOZ Ali Fuat
Published: May 2023

The use of advanced low-power sensing technologies instead of traditional solutions used in the distribution, measurement and control of the power grid has introduced core instrument transformers due to their physical limitations and other reasons. This situation has also brought about the design of low-power voltage transformers. As can be understood from here, analogue measurement and control systems used in power centres are approaching the end of their useful life. This substations need digital automation solutions and new technologies for more efficient performance. Since no iron core is used in the low-power electronic voltage transformer structure, it is robust against network disturbances such as ferroresonance and ferroresonance formation is not encountered. In this study, a low-power electronic voltage transformer is designed and performed experiments are presented. The most essential feature expected in a voltage sensor is that the conversion rate is precise and unchanging. For this reason, the temperature coefficient and leakage capacitance values of the voltage sensor have been designed to have the lowest margin of error. Performance tests were applied to the voltage sensor using mains frequency endurance, partial discharge, accuracy class, linearity and temperature distribution tests. The results of the performance tests show that it has been successfully applied for the design of a precision voltage sensor with an accuracy class conforming to the IEC 61689-11 standard.
Akrilonitril Bütadien Stiren (ABS) Kopolimerinin Fiziksel Özelliklerine Çelik Tufalinin Etkisi
Authors: ULUTAŞ Elif , TAŞDEMİR Münir , GÜMÜŞ Beril
Published: May 2023

Ülkemizde demir-çelik üretimi esnasında her yıl tonlarca ağırlıkta tufal oluşmaktadır. Son yıllarda demir-çelik tüketim miktarındaki artış, hammadde kaynaklarındaki azalmayı beraberinde getirmiştir ve bu yüzden yapısında yüksek oranda demir barındıran tufale karşı ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Yeniden ergitilme veya redüksiyon gibi farklı uygulamalarda değerlendirilebilen tufalin hammadde olarak kullanımı geri kazanım adına farklı bir alan oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan çelik tufalinin akrilonitril bütadien stiren (ABS) polimer matris üzerindeki fiziksel etkileri incelenmiştir. Tufal, çelik kütük üzerinden püskürtme ile ayrıştırıldığından farklı boyutlarda olurlar. Bu sebeple öğütücü ile toz haline getirilen çelik tufali, ABS ile homojen bir karışım elde etmek için ekstrüde edilmiştir. Standartlara uygun boyutlardaki test numuneleri enjeksiyon makinesinde kalıplanarak kompozitlerin yoğunluk, aşınma, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı (HDT), vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı, erime akış indeksi (MFI), nem, sertlik testleri ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile mikroyapı incelemesi yapılmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre; tufal ilavesiyle aşınma oranının düştüğü fakat tufal oranının artışıyla birlikte aşınma oranında bir atış görülmüştür. Ayrıca tufal ilavesi ile yoğunluk, vicat yumuşama sıcaklığını, ısıl çarpılma sıcaklığı değeri artmış buna karşılık nem emme ve erime akış indeksi değerlerinde ise düşüş tespit edilmiştir.
CBS Tabanlı Melez Makine Öğrenmesi Uygulamalarının Ani Sel Duyarlılık Haritalamasında Kullanımı
Authors: EKMEKCİOĞLU Ömer
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada Kentucky Nehri havzasında son yirmi yılda meydana gelen ani sel baskınları kayıtlarına dayanarak makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri kullanılarak taşkın tehlike haritalamasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Tahminlerin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için yaygın olarak kullanılan ve pratik bir algoritma olan rastgele orman (RF) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu yöntemin içsel parametreleri (ağaç sayısı ve maksimum ağaç derinliği) ise parçacık sürü optimizasyonu (PSO) algoritması ile optimize edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda 343 adet geçmiş ani sel kayıtlarına ilaveten havza sınırları içerisinde yer alacak şekilde aynı sayıda rastgele nokta atanmıştır. Tüm bu noktalara 12 adet ani sel tehlikesini tetikleyecek faktörler tanıtılmış olup, tahminler bu doğrultuda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tahmin sonuçları birçok performans değerlendirme indikatörü göz önüne alınarak analiz edildiğinde melez PSO-RF modelinin test veri setinde oldukça başarılı sonuçlar gösterdiği görülmüştür. Öyle ki hem ani sel olan noktalar hem de ani sel gerçekleşmeyen noktalar %70 oranında doğruluk ile tahmin edilmiştir. Yapılan detaylı değerlendirmeler sonucu ise ikili sınıflandırma problemlerinde önemli bir gösterge olan AUROC değeri ise 0.79 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, ani selleri tetikleyen faktörlerin sonuçlar üzerindeki tekil etkileri incelendiğinde şiddetli yağış faktörü en etkili değişken olarak bulunmuş olup, onu sırasıyla topoğrafya, NDVI ve eğri numarası faktörleri izlemiştir. Öte yandan, litoloji faktörünün ani sellerin modellenmesi üzerindeki etkisi ise diğer faktörlere göre oldukça az olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Tüm bu bulgular ışığında elde edilen sonuçlar hem taşkın tehlike haritalaması literatürüne katkı yapacak, hem de ilgili bölgede yaşanacak gelecek ani sel olayları meydana gelmeden alınması gereken tedbirler ile ilgili yol gösterici nitelikte olacaktır.
Assessment of Anticholinergic and Antidiabetic Properties of Some Natural
and Synthetic Molecules: An In vitro and In silico Approach
Authors: Çomaklı Veysel , Aygül İmdat , Sağlamtaş Rüya , Kuzu Müslüm , Demirdağ Ramazan , Akincioğlu Hülya , Adem Şevki , Gülçin İlhami
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

This study aimed to determine the in vitro and in silico effects of some
natural and synthetic molecules on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)
and α-glucosidase enzymes.

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are considered the
most important diseases of today’s world. However, the side effects of therapeutic agents used in
both diseases limit their use. Therefore, developing drugs with high therapeutic efficacy and better
pharmacological profile is important.

Objective:

This study sets out to determine the related enzyme inhibitors used in treating AD and
T2DM, considered amongst the most important diseases of today’s world.

Methods:

In the current study, the in vitro and in silico effects of dienestrol, hesperetin, Lthyroxine,
3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and dobutamine molecules on AChE, BChE and α-
glycosidase enzyme activities were investigated.

Results:

All the molecules showed an inhibitory effect on the enzymes. The IC50 and Ki values of
the L-Thyroxine molecule, which showed the strongest inhibition effect for the AChE enzyme,
were determined as 1.71 μM and 0.83 ± 0.195 μM, respectively. In addition, dienestrol, T3, and
dobutamine molecules showed a more substantial inhibition effect than tacrine. The dobutamine
molecule showed the most substantial inhibition effect for the BChE enzyme, and IC50 and Ki values
were determined as 1.83 μM and 0.845 ± 0.143 μM, respectively. The IC50 and Ki values for
the hesperetin molecule, which showed the strongest inhibition for the α-glycosidase enzyme,
were determined as 13.57 μM and 12.33 ± 2.57 μM, respectively.

Conclusion:

According to the results obtained, the molecules used in the study may be considered
potential inhibitor candidates for AChE, BChE and α-glycosidase.
Mechanism of Green Finance Awareness on Sustainable Competitiveness of SMEs
Authors: Chen Chong , Chong Kim Mee , Tan Tze Horng , Wang HuiWen
Published: May 2023

One phenomenon observed during environmental problems was increased green finance in most countries. This study explores the mechanisms of green finance, sustainable competitiveness, and supply chain among SMEs. Self-administered online questionnaires were completed by 738, 314, and 210 senior managers respectively from China, Malaysia, and Singapore. SPSS and Smart PLS-SEM software were used to test the hypotheses. This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 11, i.e., sustainable cities and communities, and Sustainable Development Goal 13, i.e., climate action. This study echoes the China government's "double-carbon" target initiative presented in the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly.