bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Highly Accurate Approach to Compact Operators on Some Generalized
Fibonacci Difference Sequence Spaces
Authors: Candan Murat
Published: January 2024

The current research examines the many characteristics of the $\ell_{p}(\widetilde{F}(\widetilde{r},\widetilde{s}))$ $(1\leq p<\infty)$ and $\ell_{\infty}(\widetilde{F}(\widetilde{r},\widetilde{s}))$ spaces which are the generalized forms of those by Candan in 2024 using Fibonacci numbers and two non-zero real numbers in accordance with a predetermined rule, we have made an effort to go through all the characteristics and features which the author of earlier versions thought are the most valuable. This manuscript contains all the information required to describe the matrix class $(\ell_{1},\ell_{p}(\widetilde{F}(\widetilde{r},\widetilde{s})))$ $(1\leq p<\infty)$ which are going to be given in detail in the following sections of the manuscript. We are going to offer estimates for the norms of the bounded linear operators $L_{A}$ formed by those matrix transformations utilizing the Hausdorff measure of non-compactness and identify prerequisites to derive the relevant subclasses of compact matrix operators. When the findings of the current study are compared to those found in the literature, it can be said that the newly found ones are more inclusive and comprehensive.
Microverse: A Task-Oriented Edge-Scale Metaverse
Authors: Qu Qian , Hatami Mohsen , Xu Ronghua , Nagothu Deeraj , Chen Yu , Li Xiaohua (Edward) , Blasch Erik , Ardiles-Cruz Erika , Chen Genshe
Published: January 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a remarkable acceleration in the evolution of smart cities and intelligent spaces, driven by breakthroughs in technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), edge-fog-cloud computing, and machine learning (ML)/Artificial Intelligence (AI). As society begins to harness the full potential of these smart environments, the horizon brightens with the promise of an immersive, interconnected 3D world. The forthcoming paradigm shift in how we live, work, and interact owes much to groundbreaking innovations in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), extended reality (XR), Blockchain, and Digital Twins (DT). However, realizing the expansive digital vista in our daily lives is challenging. Current limitations include an incomplete integration of pivotal techniques, daunting bandwidth requirements, and the critical need for near-instantaneous data transmission, all impeding the digital VR Metaverse from fully manifesting as envisioned by its proponents. This paper seeks to delve deeply into the intricacies of the immersive, interconnected 3D realm, particularly in applications demanding high levels of intelligence. Specifically, this paper introduces Microverse, a task-oriented, edge-scale, pragmatic solution for smart cities. Unlike an all-encompassing Metaverses, each Microverse instance serves a specific task as a manageable digital twin of an individual network slice. Each Microverse enables on-site/near-site data processing, information fusion, and real-time decision-making within the edge-fog-cloud computing framework. The Microverse concept is verified using smart public safety surveillance (SPSS) for smart communities as a case study, demonstrating its feasibility in practical smart city applications. The aim is to stimulate discussions and inspire fresh ideas in our community, guiding us as we navigate the evolving digital landscape of smart cities to embrace the potential of the Metaverse.
Soil Phosphorus Release Risk from Drained and Rewetted Peatlands
Authors: Sowiński Paweł , Kalisz Barbara , Łopata Michał , Smólczyński Sławomir , Orzechowski Mirosław , Bartkowiak Agata , Lemanowicz Joanna
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper was to determine the soil phosphorus release risk from drained and re-wetted peatlands under different landcovers. The study was carried out at 10 soil profiles (organic soils, frequently with mursh in the topsoil, developed from low peat with various degrees of decomposition, on mineral subsoil or gyttja) located south-west of Lake Kośno nature reserve in northern-central Europe (north-eastern Poland). The soil samples were collected from the depths of 0-30 cm, 50-80 cm and 100-130 cm during spring, summer and autumn (in April, July, and October). In the laboratory, the following soil properties were determined: ash content, soil reaction, content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total and plant-available phosphorus. Gyttja formations and hemic peats had the highest total P content (6.77 g∙kg-1 and 2.29 g∙kg-1, respectively). Murshes contained twice less P (1.18 g∙kg-1). In spring, more plant-available phosphorus (AP sp) was released in murshes (0.29 g∙kg-1) than in peats (0.07-0.14 g∙kg-1). In the summer, higher amounts of plant-available P were stated in fiber peats (0.37 g∙kg-1) than in murshes (0.26 g∙kg-1), whereas in autumn, the amounts of P in murshes (0.22 g∙kg-1) and peats (0.21-0.23 g∙kg-1) did not vary. Generally, average contents of AP were the highest in murshes (0.26 g∙kg-1) and fiber peats (0.25 g∙kg-1), and the lowest in sapric peats (0.15 g∙kg-1). The release of phosphorus from organic compounds or binding of P by organic matter (immobilization) depends on the C:P ratio in plant residues and soil. If it is wide (>300), P is bound, if it is narrower (150–200), P is released. In the tested soil formations, the C:P ratio was frequently above 300. Only in some murshes and gyttjas the C:P ratio was below 150, which may indicate a risk of phosphorus release to groundwaters.
Integrating Field and Ashore Knowledge to Fill the Gaps of Habitat Mapping in Unexplored Edges of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Gaglioti Martina
Published: January 2024

Seafloor mapping is crucial for sustainable Ocean management, but the distribution, drivers and origins of deep-sea biodiversity remain uncharted at global scales. The deep ocean is the largest and least-explored ecosystem on Earth, and the greatest source of unknown lifeforms. This con-tribution is firstly the story of a merge between exploration, science, education and technology for humankind cultural heritage advancement in one of the formally recognized protected areas of the Pacific Ocean. The data herein described are the outcome of a series of underwater surveys fi-nalized during the 2023 Exploration Campaign onboard E/V Nautilus, led by the Ocean Explo-ration Trust within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, which is the largest conservation area established in the U.S. and one of the largest marine protected areas of the world. Our findings provide an advanced approach to scientific research combining the tradi-tional approach of marine sciences to the cultural and social dimension of local traditions, in or-der to empower the indigenous people in the underwater cultural heritage knowledge advance-ment process, aimed at deep-sea biodiversity detection and unexplored seafloor surveying. Be-side the high potential for this human dimension inclusion, the indigenous voices allowed to in-tegrate the mere scientific aspects commonly shared in every at-sea exploration, with the cultural values and practices respected from the local people who traditionally lived in sync with the Ocean for millennia. As a result, this approach allowed to enforce a trust relationship between the science world and some local representatives who joined the exploration onboard, providing an added value to the extant expertise.
Existence and Properties of Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations with Impulses at Variable Times
Authors: Xia Huifu , Peng Yunfei , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with impulses at variable times is considered. The existence and uniqueness of solution are given. At the same time, modifying the classical definitions of continuous dependence and Ga^teaux differentiability, some results on continuous dependence and Ga^teaux differentiable of solution relative to the initial value also are presented in new topology sense. For the autonomous impulsive system, the periodicity of solution is given. As an application, properties of solution for a type of controlled nonlinear ordinary differential equation with impulses at variable times is obtained. These results are foundation to study optimal control problems of systems governed by the differential equations with impulses at variable times.
STRIDE-Based Cybersecurity Threat Modeling, Risk Assessment and Treatment of an Infotainment High Performance Computing (HPC) System
Authors: Das Popy , Asif Md. Rashid Al , Jahan Sohely , Khondoker Rahamatullah , Ahmed Kawsar , Bui Francis M.
Published: January 2024

In modern automobiles, Infotainment High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems play a vital role in enhancing the capabilities of drivers and passengers by providing advanced features consisting of music, navigation, communication, entertainment, etc. However, as the use of information technology in vehicles increases, it results in cybersecurity threats such as data breaches and the loss of sensitive information. To improve the security of the infotainment system in automotive vehicles, the research conducted threat modeling at the component level using Microsoft’s STRIDE tool and performed risk assessment by using SAHARA (Safety-Aware Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment) and DREAD methodologies to evaluate associated risks. It provides a systematic representation of threats, associated risks, and generic mitigation strategies to counter cybersecurity attacks. Through the threat modeling process, 34 potential security threats were identified. The study also provided a comparative analysis to calculate the risk values of the threats to prioritize for treatment. These identified threats and associated risks need to be considered to avoid potential cyberattacks, before deploying the infotainment HPC system in real-world automotive vehicles.
Water Resources Sustainability: Assessment, Integrated Management, and Public Communication
Authors: Grigg Neil
Published: January 2024

Achieving sustainable development will require improved water management, but the main framework to address it, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), lacks clarity and acceptance among a diverse community of many stakeholders. This creates communication problems and obscures issues that people care about like drinking water and pollution prevention. As a process within IWRM, the concept of water resources assessment also suffers from a lack of clarity, which leads to ambiguity and reports that are too general to lead to action. This lack of acceptance of IWRM and water resources assessment saps support for essential data collection, analysis, and reporting. Clarifying IWRM will require work within the water community and better messaging to stakeholders. Methods for water resources assessment can be clarified by linking outcomes to higher level reporting of policy and issues. Acceptance of the role of water resources assessment can be facilitated by adding it to the management instruments in the IWRM Toolbox. Stovepipes among water management agencies require coordination to achieve this, usually through framework studies. Improved messaging will involve what people and stakeholders care about and will require changed approaches to presentation of outcomes by categories, such as drinking water, pollution prevention, and flood risk reduction. Researchers can report outcomes with technical messaging that trends toward uniform language and definitions and the water resources management community can nudge its media outlets to carry unifying messages.
The Complex Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Faba Bean Agrocenosis
Authors: Kimbirauskienė Rasa , Sinkevičienė Aušra , Švereikaitė Austėja , Romaneckas Kęstutis
Published: January 2024

Interactions of different factors in differently tilled faba bean agrosystem is still insufficiently studied and evaluated. For these reasons we studied the results of long-term field experiment, which was carried out in the Research Station of Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy (Lithuania). The aim of this study is comprehensively evaluating the effect of the deep and shallow ploughing, deep cultivation-chiseling, shallow cultivation-disking, and no-tillage systems for faba bean cultivation on the much-interacted factors, relations between them and strength of impact by the integrated evaluation method using complex evaluation index (CEI). Calculations showed that the influence of the no-tillage system was the greatest on the faba bean agrosystem than other system used. Shallow cultivation was more efficient than deep and shallow ploughing and deep cultivation systems. In the deep ploughing system, there were calculated more minimal, i.e. close to 1 as the CEI value, which showed DP ineffectiveness.
The Epidemiological Scenario of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Emergence in the Southeast Brazilian Population
Authors: Rodrigues Evandra Strazza , Slavov Svetoslav N. , De La-Roque Debora Glenda Lima , Santos Elaine Vieira , Borges Josiane Serrano , Evaristo Mariane , Da Costa Pericles Natan Mendes , Matos Juliana , Marques Adriana , Baccarin Anemarie Dinarte , Oliveira Renata Aparecida Machado , Junior Wilson Lau , Benincasa Bruno Iglesias , Da Cruz Luana Martins de Andrade , Lima Alex R. J. , Ribeiro Gabriela , Viala Vincent Louis , De Lima Loyze Paola Oliveira , Martins Antonio Jorge , Barros Claudia Renata Dos Santos , Marqueze Elaine Cristina , De Souza Todão Bernardino Jardelina , Grotto Rejane Maria Tommasini , Souza-Neto Jayme A. , Fonseca Vagner , Nogueira Maurício Lacerda , Fukumasu Heidge , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Calado Rodrigo Tocantins , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Giovanetti Marta , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Júnior , Sampaio Sandra Coccuzzo , Elias Maria Carolina , Haddad Simone K.
Published: January 2024

Background: To describe epidemiological characteristics and perform a SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in the southeastern region of São Paulo state. Methods: During the first months of 2022, we compared weekly SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence considering age, Ct value and variants lineages. Results: An increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases until the fourth epidemiological week were observed. From the 4th epidemiological week onwards, the number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis began to decrease, but the number of positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 remained high, reaching its most expressive level with a rate of 60% of infected individual cases. In this period, we observed a growing increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection within the age group 0-10 throughout the epidemiological weeks, from 2.8% in the 1st epidemiological week to 9.2% in the 8th epidemiological week. We further observed significantly higher Ct values within younger patients samples compared to other older age groups. According to lineage assignment, SARS-CoV-2 (BA.1) was the most prevalent (74.5%) in the younger group, followed by BA.1.1 (23%), BA.2 (1.7%) and Delta (1%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that BA.2 sequences clustered together, indicating sustained transmission of this Omicron VOC sublineage by that time. Our results suggest the initial dissemination steps of the Omicron’s sublinage BA.2 into the younger group, due specific genomic features of the detected sequences. Conclusion: These data provide interesting results related to the spread, emerging and evolution of the Omicron variant in the Southeast Brazilian population.
Probiotic Fermented Food Inhibits Viral Infection; a Concept of Modern Era
Authors: Khan Aman , Li Xiangkai , Weidong Wang
Published: January 2024

The utilization of fermented foods has been a longstanding practice in human civilization worldwide for example sauerkraut from the Roman Empire, Jiangshui, and PaoCai, which are popular traditional foods in China. In Korea, Russia, and Mongolia, Kimchi and Kefir are widely used. Similarly, Japan, Indonesia, and Pakistan have their traditional fermented foods such as Miso, Natto, Tempeh, and sourdough, respectively. In America and Europe, fermented alcoholic beverages made from sorghum and maize are among the most common. Nevertheless, the full potential of fermented foods to enhance the bioavailability of bioactive compounds and restore probiotic communities has yet to be thoroughly explored. In this review, we focus on the bioactive compounds and probiotic stability in food fermented with probiotic bacterial strains. Probiotic fermented food improves the bioactive compound contents and has been gaining interest in basic and clinical research. Bioactive compounds, including phenolic, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, coumarins, tannins, anthocyanidins, flavones, isoflavonoids, and polyphenols, along with beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Pediococcus, and Weissella demonstrate increased levels and restoration in probiotic fermented foods. These bioactive compounds, combined with a thriving microbiota, play a role in preventing viral infections by targeting influenza, noroviruses (NoVs), Murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), and COVID-19, while also stimulating the host's immune function. Clinical and pre-clinical investigations are warranted to explore the dose-response and duration efficacy of probiotic fermented foods against viral infections.
Improving the Cognitive Impact of Migraine: A Real-World Study on the Ability to Concentrate
Authors: Martins Isabel Pavão , Nunes Vicente Beatriz , Nobre João Bajouco , Dias da Costa Mariana , Dourado Sotero Filipa
Published: January 2024

Patients with chronic (CM) and high frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) report cognitive complaints that contribute to migraine burden. Although, there is little evidence about the ef-fects of migraine treatments on these symptoms.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of preventive treatment on the impact of cognitive symptoms, specifically the ability to concentrate, in individuals with CM and HFEM.
Methods: Prospective cohort study in patients with CM and HFEM initiating treatment with botulinum toxin (BT) or anti-CGRP/R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months of treatment, using a headache diary and a question about the im-pact of migraine attacks on concentration (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always).
Results: 108 patients (105 females, 44.3 years of age on average), 75% with CM and 27% with HFEM were included, 55 received a first session of BT and 53 received 3 injections of a monthly mAb. In both groups, there was a significant decline on the impact of migraine in concentration (related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test <0.001) compared to baseline. Reduction in monthly headache days was the main predictor of any concentration improvement, while treatment group, age, ongoing medication with topiramate or baseline medication overuse were not sig-nificant.
Conclusion: Preventive treatment of HFEM or CM with drugs not acting on central nervous sys-tem is associated with a decrease of the impact of migraine attacks on concentration, predicted by the decline in headache days. These results indicate that migraine preventive treatment also improves non-pain symptoms, which is relevant given the contribution of cognitive complaints to the impact of headache attacks
Diverse Role of blaCTX-M and Porins in Mediating Ertapenem Resistance Among Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Black Cody A , Benavides Raymond , Bandy Sarah M , Dallas Steven D. , Gawrys Gerard , So Wonhee , Moreira Alvaro G , Aguilar Samantha , Quidilla Kevin , Smelter Dan F , Reveles Kelly R , Christopher Frei R , Koeller Jim M. , Lee Grace C.
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the emergence of ertapenem-resistant, meropenem-susceptible (ErMs) among non-carbapenemase producing (NCP) and carbapenemase producing (CP) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. As mutations for ertapenem resistance establish the genetic background for non-carbapenemase meropenem resistance, there is a great need for antibiotic stewards and researchers to understand the determinants of a strain’s propensity to become resistant. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on clinical carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC) and K. pneumoniae (CRKP) across 5 hospitals in San Antonio, U.S. from 2012-2018. The majority of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) were NCP (54%; 41/76). The blaCTX-M was found to be most prevalent among NCP isolates (p = 0.02). LC-MS/MS analysis of carbapenem hydrolysis revealed that blaCTX-M-mediated carbapenem hydrolysis, indicating the need to reappraise the term, “non-carbapenemase (NCP)” for quantitatively uncharacterized CRE strains harboring blaCTX-M. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed that 56% of all NCPE isolates had an ErMs phenotype (NCPE vs. CPE, p < 0.001), with E. coli driving the phenotype (E. coli vs. K. pneumoniae, p < 0.001). ErMs strains carrying blaCTX-M, had approximately 4-fold more copies of blaCTX-M than ceftriaxone-resistant but ertapenem and meropenem susceptible (EsMs) isolates (3.7 v. 0.9, p < 0.001). ErMs also carried more mobile genetic elements (MGEs), particularly IS26 composite transposons, than EsMs (37 vs. 0.2, p < 0.0001). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the absence of OmpC expression in NCP-ErMs E. coli, with 92% of strains lacking full contig coverage of ompC. Overall, this work provides evidence of a collaborative effort between blaCTX-M and OmpC in NCP strains that confer resistance to ertapenem but not meropenem. To thwart potential mismanagement of CRE infected patients, future efforts should focus on understanding the mechanism(s) underlying OmpC loss, developing rapid methods to detect blaCTX-M copy number variants, and targeted antimicrobials for NCPE and ErMs strains.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Prediction of Right Heart Failure After LVAD Implantation: Comprehensive Review
Authors: Balcioglu Ozlem , Ozgocmen Cemre , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun , Yagdi Tahir
Published: January 2024

Especially in the last two decades, due to the developments in durable mechanical
circulatory support (MCS) technology and applications, left ventricular assist (LVAD) implantation has become used in more fragile end-stage heart failure patients with higher risk.
Despite advances in technology and patient care processes, right heart failure remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after durable LVAD implantation. It is difficult to make decisions about the type and duration of MCS during preoperative evaluation, and many clinical, hemodynamic, biochemical and echocardiographic criteria must be taken into account when evaluating the right ventricle.
Complex quantitative scoring systems, including measurements of different risk factors for postimplant right ventricular failure, and composite variables, including the anatomical and functional status of the right ventricle, have been used to decide between left or biventricular assist device implantation.
The successful use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in various applications in the medical field has paved the way for the idea of using it to better predict possible conditions such as right heart failure after LVAD implantation.
This review aims to evaluate the current situation of risk prediction models using AI and ML technology, which have become popular in recent years, and possible future developments in predicting right heart failure after the application of durable MCS systems.
Microstructures and Antioxidation of W Self-Passivating Alloys: Synergistic Effect of Yttrium and Milling Time
Authors: Chen Shijie , Zhang Shirong , Wang Rui , Ye Chao , Xue Lihong , Yin Shengming , Yan Youwei , Zhou Qilai
Published: January 2024

Tungsten and its alloys are considered as a key component in high temperature environment. Self-passivating W-Si-xY alloys with different Y contents made from the powders milled for different times were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Their microstructures and oxidation resistance were investigated. It is found that the oxidation resistance of the alloys with low Y contents (0Y and 2Y) made from 20 h-milled powders is worse than that of the alloys made from 4 h-milled powders. It is because the protective WO3/SiO2 composite layer is discontinuous. While the alloys with high Y contents (4Y and 6Y) made from 4 h and 20 h-milled powders show good oxidation resistance. Even, the thickness of the oxide layer of the alloys with 4Y and 6Y made from 20 h-milled powders after oxidation at 1000 ℃ for 2 h is 84.0 μm and 70.7 μm, less than that made from 4 h-milled powders. This is due to the size and distribution of W5Si3, Y2Si2O7 aggregates and W-Y-O melt. The synergistic effects of Y contents and milling time on the microstructures and oxidation resistance of the alloys are revealed.
Identification of Causes of Air Pollution in the Specific Industrial Part of the Czech City of Ostrava in Central Europe
Authors: Volná Vladimíra , Seibert Radim , Hladký Daniel , Krejčí Blanka
Published: January 2024

This contribution deals with the assessment of air pollution caused by atmospheric aerosol particulate matter fraction PM10 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the urban agglomeration of Ostrava, located in the Czech Republic in Central Europe. The motivation for this research was the need to identify the sources of air pollution in the area, particularly in locations where the contribution of different sources to concentrations of pollutants of concern has not been elucidated yet.
In this study, source apportionment in the vicinity of the industrial hot-spot was performed by statistically evaluating measured pollutant concentrations as a function of meteorological variables and using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model. A significant methodological innovation and improvement over previous assessments was the higher monitoring resolution of benzo[a]pyrene, with samples collected at three-hour intervals instead of the standard 24-hour collection period.
The key findings indicate that in the cold part of the year, secondary particles - specifically sulphates and ammonium nitrates - were responsible for the most significant portion of PM10 air pollution throughout the area of interest. The contribution of these particles ranged from one third to two fifths of the total concentration, except at the industrial site of Ostrava-Radvanice (TORE), where they accounted for approximately one fifth of the measured pollution concentration level. Emissions from individual household heating were identified as the main source of this type of pollution. With regards to benzo[a]pyrene air pollution, the study found that in the whole area of interest, except for the Ostrava-Radvanice site, it mainly originated from individual heating with coal (90%). In contrast, at the Ostrava-Radvanice site, two-thirds of the benzo[a]pyrene pollution came from the premises of Liberty Ostrava a.s., primarily from coke production, and less than one-third from local domestic heating.
This study also determined the spatial extent of the occurrence of extremely high benzo[a]pyrene concentrations (above 5 ng/m3), which are estimated to affect nearly 10,000 inhabitants. The results confirm that the data from the TORE station are only representative of its immediate surroundings and are not applicable to the assessment of air quality and causes of air pollution in the whole city of Ostrava or the urban area of Ostrava-Radvanice as a whole.
After years of research, these findings provide the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic and the government with an accurate basis for implementing measures to address the identified pollution sources in the area of interest. The success of this study was made possible by the adoption of a more detailed sampling approach, which involved a resolution of 3 hours instead of 24 hours. This methodological improvement is a significant finding and will be useful for future source apportionment studies.
Additive Manufacturing Applications in Biosensors Technologies
Authors: Paul Abraham Abbey , Aladese Adedamola D. , Marks And Robert S.
Published: January 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has emerged as an attractive state-of-the-art tool for precisely fabricating functional materials with complex geometries, championing several advancements in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, this technology has an untapped potential for biotechnological applications, such as sensor and biosensor development. By exploring these avenues, the scope of 3D printing technology can be expanded and pave the way for groundbreaking innovations in the biotechnology field. Indeed, new printing materials and printers would offer new possibilities for seamlessly incorporating biological functionalities within the growing 3D scaffolds. Herein, we review the extrusion-based 3D printing modalities emphasizing biosensor applications. We highlighted the application of natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials as 3D-printed soft hydrogels. Emphasis was placed on the approach by which the sensing molecules were introduced during the fabrication process. Finally, the future perspective was provided.
Fixed Point Theorems for Generalized Set Valued F-contractions in Metric Spaces
Authors: Cho Seong-Hoon
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a positive answer to the open question of Fabino et al. is given, and the concept of I\c sik type set valued contractions is introduced and fixed point theorem for such contractions is established. Examples to support main theorems are given, and an application to integral inclusion is given.
When Video Improves Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Trenholm Sven , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: January 2024

The use of video in education has become ubiquitous as technological developments have markedly improved the ability and facility to create, deliver and view videos. The concomitant pedagogical transformation has created a sense of urgency regarding how video may be used to advance learning. Initial reviews have suggested only limited potential for the use of video in higher education. More recently, a systematic review of studies on the effect of video use on learning in higher education, published in the prestigious Review of Educational Research, found, overall, effects to be positive. In the present paper we critique this study and provide some needed clarity to the state of research on learning via video in higher education. We reveal significant gaps in the study methodology and write-up and use a cognitive processing lens to critically assess and reanalyse study data. We found results of this study to be only applicable to learning requiring lower-level cognitive processing and conclude, consistent with prior research, learning benefits remain limited.
Pan-Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of ZIP Genes in Cucumber
Authors: Wang Zimo , Yin Mengmeng , Han Jing , Wang Xuehua , Chang Jingshu , Ren Zhonghai , Wang Lina
Published: January 2024

The ZIPs (ZRT/IRT-like proteins) play critical roles in the absorption, transport, and intracellular balance of metal ions essential for various physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the pan-genomic characteristics and properties of ZIP genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In this study, we identified 10 CsZIP genes from the pan-genome of 13 C. sativus accessions. Among them, only CsZIP10 showed no variation in protein sequence length. We analyzed the gene structure, conserved domains, promoter cis-elements, and phylogenetic relationships of these 10 CsZIP genes derived from "9930". Based on phylogenetic analysis, the CsZIP genes were classified into three branches. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed the presence of conserved histidine residues in the ZIP proteins. Analysis of promoter cis-elements showed that most promoters contained elements responsive to plant hormones. Expression profiling in different tissues showed that most CsZIP genes were expressed at relatively low levels in C. sativus leave, stem, and tendril, and CsZIP7 and CsZIP10 were specifically expressed in root, indicating their potential involvement in the absorption and transport of metal ions. Transcriptomic data indicated that these 10 ZIP genes displayed responses to both downy mildew and powdery mildew, and CsZIP1 were significantly downregulated after both salt and heat treatments. In conclusion, this study deepens our understanding of the ZIP gene family and enhances our knowledge of the biological functions of CsZIP genes in C. sativus.
Enhancing Native Plant Establishment in Mine Tailings under Drought Stress Conditions through the Application of Organo-Mineral Amendments and Microbial Inoculants
Authors: Madline Atika , Benidire Leila , Pereira Sofia I.A. , Castro Paula M.L. , Boularbah Ali
Published: January 2024

The implementation of phytoremediation strategies under arid and semi-arid climate requires the use of appropriate plant species capable of withstanding multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of organo-mineral amendments and microbial inoculants on chemical and biological properties of mine tailings, as well as on growth of native plant species under drought stress conditions. Plants were cultivated in pots containing 1 kg of a mixture of mine tailings and topsoil (i.e. pre-mined superficial soil) in a 60:40 ratio, 6% marble sludge and 10% sheep manure. Moreover, a consortium of four drought-resistant rhizobacteria was inoculated. Three irrigation levels were applied: well-watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit, corresponding to 80%, 45%, and 30% of field capacity, respectively.
The addition of topsoil and organo-mineral amendments to mine tailings significantly improved their chemical and biological properties, which were further enhanced by bacterial inoculation and plants’ establishment. Water stress negatively impacted enzymatic activities in amended tailings, resulting in a significant decrease of acid and alkaline phosphatases, urease, and dehydrogenase activities. Similar results were obtained for bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes abundance. PGPR inoculation positively influenced the availability of phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, while increased alkaline phosphatase, urease (by about 10%) and dehydrogenase activities (by 50%). The rhizosphere of P. harmala showed the highest enzymatic activity and number of culturable microorganisms, especially in inoculated treatments. Severe water deficit has nega-tively affected plant growth, leading to a 40% reduction in shoot biomass of both Atriplex halimus and Pennisetum setaceum compared to well-watered plants. Peganum harmala showed greater tolerance to water stress, as corroborated by the lower decreases observed in root and shoot length and dry weight compared to well-watered plants. The use of bioinoculants mitigated the negative effects of drought on P. harmala shoot biomass, resulting in an increase of up to 75% in the aerial biomass in plants exposed to severe water deficit.
In conclusion, the results suggest that the combination of organo-mineral amendments, PGPR inoculation and P. harmala represents a promising approach to enhance the phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils under semi-arid conditions.
A Life-Threatening Neurotoxicity in Bungarus Candidus Snake Bite: A Case Report
Authors: Putra Zaki Rusmana , Anthoni Togar , Budiharto Chris Eko
Published: January 2024

Background: Bungarus Candidus, a snake inducing severe neurotoxic symptoms.
Case: A 31-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaints of pain in the whole body, limb weakness, shortness of breath after being bitten by a snake. Neurological examination, ptosis of both eyelids was found with normal movement of the eyeballs. Muscle strength in all extremities is 4 followed by decreased physiological reflexes. There are fang marks in the form of 2 slightly swollen and reddened black dots on the left foot. During observation, the patient had decreased consciousness, severe shortness of breath with desaturation without any signs of shock. Other clinical revealed bilateral dilated pupils, dysphonia, dysarthria, and muscle strength that was difficult to assess. The patient was intubated and subsequently admitted to the ICU. The patient regained consciousness but still had difficulty opening his eyes and weak muscle strength on the 2nd of ICU. The patient's condition improved on the 5th of ICU, extubating was performed and transferred to the non-ICU. The treatment obtained included 17 vials of SABU, analgesics, antibiotics, anticholinesterase, and anticholinergic. The patient was discharged after 11 days of hospitalization.
Discussion: The neurotoxicity of snake venom is related to mechanisms of neuromuscular transmission blockade, pre-synaptic and post-synaptic. Bungarus Candidus has a peculiar type of toxin, candoxin that acts by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic site. Recognition of symptoms and management interventions in snakebite cases are critical to patient outcomes and survival.
Machine-Learning-Based Model Parameter Identification for Cutting Force Estimation
Authors: Kouguchi Junichi , Tajima Shingo , Yoshioka Hayato
Published: January 2024

Recently, there has been an increased demand for precise monitoring of the milling process using machine tools through a simple and cost-effective method. Accurate estimation of cutting forces is highly effective for this monitoring, and one approach is the modeling of tool spindles and tables of a machine tool. To model machine structures, well-known methods involving the use of impulse hammer response or structural analysis exist. However, the complex modeling is hard to achieve when using the impulse response. Moreover, it is often considerably difficult to achieve the modeling with structural analysis because the preparation of the accurate model and highly complicated calculations are required. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new monitoring method to identify model parameters of the machine structure and estimate cutting forces. First, a simplified assumed structure is prepared based on locations where sensors can be mounted. Next, measurement data during actual milling process are collected through the acceleration sensors mounted on the tool spindle and the dynamometer for the cutting force attached to the table. Subsequently, model parameters are identified from these data using machine learning. A 3-axis NC milling machine was used to evaluate the application range of the model parameters by changing cutting conditions, milling direction, cutting tools, and materials. The model parameters identified using the proposed method were equivalent to those using the impulse response. Furthermore, even in cases where the impulse response was difficult to identify, suitable model parameters were identified using machine learning. Finally, we confirmed that the proposed method can accurately achieve in-process monitoring of cutting forces in the X, Y, and Z directions.
Shock Wave Detection for In-Process Depth Measurement in Laser Ablation Using a Photonic Nanojet
Authors: Uenohara Tsutomu , Yasuda Makoto , Mizutani Yasuhiro , Takaya Yasuhiro
Published: January 2024

Three-dimensional micro- and submicrometer-scale structures exhibit unique functions that cannot be obtained with bulk materials. To create such three-dimensional microstructures with high precision and efficiency, we proposed laser ablation using a photonic nanojet. A photonic nanojet is an optical beam with both a small beam diameter and a large depth of focus, which is obtained by irradiating a dielectric microsphere using a laser beam. In this study, we proposed an in-process depth measurement method to improve the machining accuracy of laser ablation using a photonic nanojet. We focused on the propagation characteristics of the shock waves generated during laser ablation. Shock waves were generated at the deepest point of the machining area and reached the microspheres as the pressure decayed, showing that different machining depths exerted different pressures on the microspheres. The microspheres were displaced by the pressure of the shock wave, and the amount of displacement depended on the pressure. Therefore, microspheres can be used as probes for shock wave detection, and the machining depth can be determined by measuring the displacement of microspheres during photonic nanojet machining. In this study, the displacement of a microsphere was measured simultaneously during photonic nanojet machining using a confocal optical system. From the obtained microsphere vibration data, the effect of the shock wave pressure was extracted, and the displacement of the microsphere due to the shock wave was obtained. When the hole depth varied from 155 to 1121 nm, the displacement of the microspheres varied from 0.58 to 0.03 µm. The experimental results show that the displacement of the microspheres vibrated by the shock wave decreased as the machining depth increased. This was due to an increase in the shock wave propagation distance and a decrease in the pressure of the shock wave as the machining depth increased. In conclusion, in-process depth measurements are possible in laser ablation using a photonic nanojet with a microsphere as a probe to detect shock waves.
From Farms to Pharma: A “Natural” History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
Authors: Lanzarotta Tess
Published: January 2024

In the era of synthetic biology, vaccine skeptics have made claims that vaccines are “unnatural,” that the technology used to develop them is risky and untested, and that “naturally acquired” immunity is superior to vaccination. Public health practitioners and physicians alike have attempted to respond to these concerns by reminding patients and the public that vaccines generate a “natural” immune response. These negotiations over the language to describe vaccines are nothing new.

This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like “nature” and “natural” in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers—usually enterprising physicians—kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus “stock” from which the vaccine was derived.

By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies that might at first seem novel, strange, or even dangerous. More broadly, this article encourages readers to think about the shifting valences of the category “natural,” particularly in a public health context. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(2):193–201. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307508 )
Dockerization of the Coastal Model Test Bed Toolkit
Authors: Clement Michael , Bak Spicer. , Hesser Tyler
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this technical note is to document and describe changes made to the Coastal Model Test Bed (CMTB) suite of software in conjunction with the version 2 (V2) update.
A Prospective Study on Profile & Pattern of Medicolegal Cases
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Travancore medical college, Kollam, Kerala 691020, India., Naik Lohit , NM Vijaya ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Travancore medical college, Kollam, Kerala 691020, India., I V Vishnu ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Travancore medical college, Kollam, Kerala 691020, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Background: Medicine is one of the noblest profession and the doctor plays an important role in treating the person and also at the same time has to carry out ethical and legal obligations while discharging his duties. The doctors along with treating the patients also come across medicolegal cases. Medicolegal case represents an integral part of medical practice in the emergency departments and causalities. All the doctors should have the sufficient knowledge of their roles and responsibilities while handling these cases to aid legal justice. A Medico legal case is a case of injury or illness where the attending doctor, after eliciting history and examining the patient, thinks that some investigation by law enforcement agencies is essential to establish and fix responsibility for the case in accordance with the law of the land. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted by the department of forensic medicine at Travancore medical college, Kollam from July 2019 to Dec 2019. A total of 562 cases were included in the study. A comprehensive history taken from the police, patient and the relatives and were recorded in the predesigned proforma and analyzed. results: The maximum 325(57.8%) were in the age group of 21-40 years followed by 124 (22.1%) from the age group <20 years. The mean age of the patients was 38.32 (SD12.86) years. The most common type of accident were road traffic accidents which was seen in 247 cases (44%) followed by drunkenness in144 cases (25.6%) followed by assault and fallin 85 cases (15.1%) and 37 cases (6.6%). Majority of the victims 435 Cases (77.4%) were discharged from the hospital after treatment while 41 cases (7.3%) of the cases had absconded or took LAMA (Leave against medical advice). Death was reported in 82 cases (14.6%).
A Rare and Unusual Renal Tumour: A Case Report
Authors:   2nd year Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India., I Azeem , S Mary Lilly ,   Professor & HOD, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India., ... Kaushika ,   3rd year Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India., Ethamakula Tanusha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasm of low malignant potential is a rare histologically identified form of clear cell renal cell carcinoma included in 2016 Renal tumour classification of WHO. It is a low risk neoplasm with clear cells that have less expansile proliferation than other clear cell variants of renal cell carcinoma with no recurrence and metastasis with few exceptional cases. The incidence of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is estimated to be 1-2 percent.6,12 Although the WHO classification of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma with low malignant potential was reported in 2004. The WHO 2016 categorization of renal cell tumour has been assessed as a special entity with no documented cases of metastasizing and recurrent tumour development.4 We present a rare clinical case of multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasm with low malignant potential, which should not be mistaken with other differential diagnoses such as cystic necrosis in conventional renal cell carcinoma, tubulo cystic renal cell carcinoma, multilocular cystic nephroma, clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma and other benign multilocular renal tumors.