bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integral sliding mode predictive control with disturbance attenuation for discrete‐time systems
Authors: Xu Yu‐Tian , Wu Ai‐Guo
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the output tracking control is addressed for discrete‐time multi‐input‐multi‐output nonlinear systems subjected to external disturbance by a novel output‐based discrete‐time integral sliding mode predictive control scheme. First of all, a control law is proposed based on a new type of discrete‐time integral sliding mode surfaces. To further improve control accuracy, an integral sliding mode predictive control law is obtained in combination with the designed integral sliding mode control and model predictive control. Rigorous analysis is provided to demonstrate that the quasi‐sliding‐mode band width and ultimate bound of output tracking error under the designed discrete‐time integral sliding mode predictive control law are of higher accuracy than those under the designed integral sliding mode control law. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate that the presented integral sliding mode predictive control law offers better performance than the proposed integral sliding mode control law.
A two‐stage simulation‐based framework for optimal resilient generation and transmission expansion planning
Authors: Firoozjaee Mahdi Golchoob , Sheikh‐El‐Eslami Mohammad Kazem
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a two‐stage resilient framework for generation and transmission expansion planning that profits static and dynamic models. The first stage problem finds the generation and transmission expansion results without considering extreme events. Given the planned power system, in the second stage, a simulation‐based method is employed to accurately model the effects of the severe events and measure the expected demand not served. The proposed framework updates the formulation of the planning problem to efficiently search for a new expansion plan resulting in higher resilience levels. This paper uses the maximizing social welfare in the planning model to find the optimal result. Also, the effect of maximizing social welfare in updating the formulation of the planning problem is investigated. In this case, the planning problem is a bi‐level problem that using the primal‐dual formulation leads to a single‐level problem called a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. After the linearization, the planning problem becomes a mixed‐integer linear programming problem. The planning model profits from reinforced transmission lines to improve power system resilience. The proposed framework is evaluated on 4‐bus, 6‐bus, and 118‐bus systems. According to the results, the proposed method with a low additional cost boosts power system resilience.
Real‐time implementation of adaptive neural backstepping controller for battery‐less solar‐powered PMDC motor
Authors: Govindharaj Arunprasad , Mariappan Anitha , Aladiyan Ambikapathy , Alhelou Hassan Haes
Published: August 2022

A low‐cost battery‐less solar‐powered PMDC motor using an adaptive backstepping Chebyshev neural network controller to track the desired speed for any change in irradiance and load torque is proposed in this paper. The neural network is used for approximating the variable load torque because of its approximation property. The computational burden of the control law is reduced because of the orthogonal property of Chebyshev polynomials. The asymptotically stable system is obtained by tuning the weights of neurons in accordance with the Lyapunov stability analysis. From the Lyapunov control function of backstepping control design procedure, the control law is obtained by an innovative way of elucidating the cubic equation, in place of resolving the derivative of the control law in the control function. This approach eliminates the constraints caused by the non‐strict feedback system for the backstepping control approach and also this reduces ripples in the duty cycle which makes its appropriateness in real‐time. To ensure its robustness in tracking the desired speed at a faster time and minimum overshoot, simulations are done for an extensive range of variations in irradiance and load torque, and the obtained results are assessed by comparing it with the PID controller and conventional backstepping controller. Because of the use of neural network the robustness of the proposed controller is ensured with enhanced transient and steady state responses. A prototype is developed in the laboratory and the obtained results are assessed by comparing it with the backstepping controller and PID controller.
The Hubble constant from two sibling Type Ia supernovae in the nearby galaxy NGC 4414: SN 1974G and SN 2021J
Authors: Gallego-Cano Eulalia , Izzo Luca , Dominguez-Tagle Carlos , Prada Francisco , Pérez Enrique , Khetan Nandita , Jang In Sung
Published: August 2022

Having two “sibling” Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the same galaxy offers additional advantages in reducing a variety of systematic errors involved in estimating the Hubble constant, H0. NGC 4414 is a nearby galaxy included in the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to measure its distance using Cepheid variables. It hosts two sibling SNe Ia: SN 2021J and SN 1974G. This provides the opportunity to improve the precision of the previous estimate of H0, which was based solely on SN 1974G. Here we present new optical BVRI photometry obtained at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada and complement it with Swift UVOT UBV data, which cover the first 70 days of emission of SN 2021J. A first look at SN 2021J optical spectra obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) reveals typical SN type Ia features. The main SN luminosity parameters for the two sibling SNe are obtained by using SNooPy, a light curve fitting code based on templates. Using a hierarchical bayesian approach, we build the Hubble diagram with a sample of 96 SNe Ia obtained from the Combined Pantheon Sample in the redshift range z = 0.02 − 0.075, and calibrate the zero point with the two sibling type-Ia SNe in NGC 4414. We report a value of the Hubble constant H0 = 72.19 ± 2.32 (stat.) ±3.42 (syst.) km s−1 Mpc−1. We expect a reduction of the systematic error after a new analysis of the Cepheids period-luminosity relation using the upcoming Gaia DR4 and additional Cepheids from the HST and JWST.
Extremely young asteroid pair (458271) 2010 UM26 and 2010 RN221
Authors: Vokrouhlický D. , Fatka P. , Micheli M. , Pravec P. , Christensen E. J.
Published: August 2022

Aims. The extremely similar heliocentric orbital elements of the main-belt objects (458271) 2010 UM26 and 2010 RN221 make them the tightest known pair and hold the promise that it is very young. We analyzed the conditions of its origin and determined its age.

Methods. We conducted dedicated observations of (458271) 2010 UM26 and 2010 RN221 in summer 2022 that resulted in a high-accuracy astrometric set of data. Joining them with the previously available observations, we improved the precision of the orbit determination of both asteroids. We used numerical simulations backward in time to constrain the origin of this new pair by observing orbital convergence in Cartesian space.

Results. Using a large number of possible clone variants of (458271) 2010 UM26 and 2010 RN221, we find that they all converge in a narrow time interval around March 2003. They have extremely tight minimum distances (≤1000 km) and minimum relative velocities (≤3 cm s−1). These conditions require that the mutual gravitational attraction of the asteroids constituting the pair is included when its age is determined. Extending our model by this effect even improves the convergence results. We find a probability of more than 55% that the pair formed after 2000. However, quasi-satellite captures mean that the possible age uncertainty of this pair might extend to the 1960s. This is by far the youngest known asteroid pair, however. It is a prime target for future astronomical observations.
Die ERAS-Nurse: Pflegeexpertise in der Chirurgie
Authors: Brodersen Freya
Published: August 2022

Das Versorgungskonzept „Enhanced Recovery After Surgery“ – kurz ERAS® – verbessert die Genesung nach operativen Eingriffen. Eine Schlüsselposition hat dabei die ERAS-Nurse: Bei ihr laufen alle organisatorischen und fachlichen Fäden zusammen, sie berät und schult Patienten und Kollegen und fördert die Partizipation der Patienten. Voraussetzungen für diese verantwortungsvolle Aufgabe sind pflegerisches Expertenwissen und eine akademische Qualifikation.
Angstproblematiken: Dimensionale Betrachtung und Einbettung in die Persönlichkeit
Authors: Remmers Carina , ZImmermann Johannes
Published: August 2022

Die Annahme klar trennbarer Störungsentitäten in kategorialen Diagnosesystemen wird zunehmend in Frage gestellt. In diesem Beitrag werden Angstproblematiken dimensional betrachtet und in ein hierarchisch organisiertes Modell von Psychopathologie eingebettet. Differenzielle Chronifizierungs- und Schweregrade werden vor dem Hintergrund basaler psychischer Fähigkeiten verstanden.
Die APS-Studie: Patientenerfahrungen am Ende einer intensiven Psychotherapiestudie
Authors: Schauenburg Henning
Published: August 2022

Langzeit-Psychotherapiestudien sind selten. Die hier dargestellte Vergleichsstudie von Patienten mit komplexen Angststörungen (d. h. mit komorbider Persönlichkeitsstörung) ist insofern besonders. Es werden Erfahrungen aus den Katamnese-Interviews betrachtet, die den Blick auf lange Lebensabschnitte eröffnen sowie den Raum, den die Therapie einnimmt. Nicht zuletzt ermöglichen sie auch eine Reflexion psychotherapeutischer Möglichkeiten und Grenzen.
Hygiene in der Dermatologie – Teil 1: Einführung und Umgebungshygiene
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , Westphal Sabine , Mirzayeva Gulnara , Zouboulis Christos C. , Schlatterer Kathrin
Published: August 2022

Dermatologie-typische Abläufe in der Patientenversorgung werden in dieser Arbeit im Hinblick auf mögliche Hygienerisiken dargestellt. Das potenziell kontaminierte Oberflächenorgan Haut und seine Umgebung stellen in der medizinischen Versorgung in Bezug auf den intensiven, längeren und großflächigen Kontakt, der mit hautärztlichen und pflegerischen Maßnahmen einhergeht, eine Herausforderung dar.
Hygiene in der Dermatologie – Teil 2: Kommensalen und Infektionserreger, antimikrobielle Behandlung, Hygieneaspekte ausgewählter Infektionskrankheiten
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , Westphal Sabine , Mirzayeva Gulnara , Zouboulis Christos C. , Schlatterer Kathrin
Published: August 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden Kommensalen und relevante Infektionserreger des dermatologischen Patienten wie auch seiner Umgebung systematisch dargestellt und im Hinblick auf die krankenhaushygienische Bedeutung eingeordnet. Auf der antimikrobiellen Behandlung sowie Hygiene-Maßnahmen ausgewählter dermatologischer Erkrankungen liegt ein weiterer Fokus.
Praxisporträt: Dr. med. vet. Jo-Ann Lawrence – Praxis
für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin für Kleintiere und
Pferde
Authors: Schindler Ellen
Published: August 2022

Entscheidend für meine Arbeit ist häufiges Zentrieren, um die
Adlerperspektive, also eine ganzheitliche Perspektive einnehmen zu
können und die Sachen zu sehen, wie sie sind, um systemische
Zusammenhänge zu erkennen und das alles, ohne zu werten.
Acute Venous Congestive Myelopathy in a Patient with Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Guy Nicola Hazel
Published: August 2022

There is a range of differential diagnoses for intramedullary lesions of the conus medullaris, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. There is a limited role for surgery in a large proportion of these diagnoses, and operative risks can outweigh any benefits of surgery. Here a case is presented of a patient referred to a neurosurgical center for a biopsy of a presumed neoplastic conus tumor. However, through the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team, further diagnoses were considered. After thorough investigation, two conditions were diagnosed: venous congestive myelopathy secondary to inferior vena cava agenesis and spinal neurosarcoidosis. This case demonstrates the importance of neurosurgeons retaining a high degree of suspicion for alternative diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgical risk.
Occult Omental Metastasis in Gastric Adenocarcinoma: An Analysis of Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Paul Negine , Surendran Suraj , Yacob Myla , Thenmozhi Mani , Chandran Sudhakar , Samarasam Inian
Published: August 2022

Introduction Traditionally, the concept of complete omentectomy during gastric resection for cancer was based on lymphatic drainage and the occurrence of occult omental metastasis (OM). However, recent emerging evidence has challenged this concept of complete omentectomy. We, therefore, aim to find the incidence and risk factors of occult OM and also evaluate the outcome of patients with and without such metastasis.

Methods This is a single institutional, retrospective study of patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative radical gastrectomy for a period of 3 years (April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2019). A complete omentectomy was performed in all patients and the omentum and nodal stations were dissected in the resected specimen and sent for pathological analysis. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from the hospital patient database and analysis was done.

Results A total of 185 patients have been included in the study, with a mean age of 53.84 years. Twenty of the 185 patients had OM (10.8%). Age, sex, location of the tumor, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were not statistically significant in predicting OM. However, tumor size and tumor depth were found to have a significant association with OM. The occurrence of OM was more likely to be associated with disease recurrence, especially in the peritoneum. The mean overall survival was 38.15 months (±3.33 SD), whereas patients with OM had lower survival, 23.31 months (±7.79 SD), with a p-value of 0.012.

Conclusion OM was not encountered in T1 and T2 gastric cancers and the incidence of OM in T3 and T4 tumors was approximately 12.7%. Therefore, complete omentectomy may be omitted in early T1/T2 tumors. OM was associated with poor prognosis, increased peritoneal recurrence, and decreased overall survival, in spite of a complete omentectomy, and may serve as a prognostic indicator for disease recurrence and overall survival.
Organo-photocatalytic Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles from 2H-Azirines and α-Substituted Nitroalkenes
Authors: Rastogi Namrata , Devi Lalita , Mishra Poornima , Pokhriyal Ayushi
Published: August 2022

An efficient organo-photocatalytic method for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles bearing a ketone, ester, alcohol, or nitro group at the 3-position has been developed. The reaction involves visible-light-mediated formal [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition between 2H-azirines and α-substituted nitroalkenes followed by a denitration or debromination sequence. The notable features of the protocol are excellent regioselectivity, wide substrate scope, and high yields of the products.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Standalone T2 Dixon Sequence Compared with Conventional MRI in Sacroiliitis
Authors: Athira R. , Cannane Seetharaman , Thushara R. , Poyyamoli Santhosh , Nedunchelian Meena
Published: August 2022

Aim The aim of this article was to assess the profile of T2-weighted (T2W) multipoint Dixon sequence and conventional sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sacroiliac joints for the diagnosis of active and chronic sacroiliitis.

Settings and Design Prospective observational study.

Materials and Methods Thirty-seven patients with sacroiliitis underwent MRI with conventional coronal oblique short tau inversion recovery, T1W sequences, and T2W multipoint Dixon sequences. T1 fat-saturated postcontrast sequences were added in active cases. Comparisons were made between conventional and T2 Dixon sequences both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Statistical Analysis Paired t-test was used to study the difference in contrast–noise ratio (CNR) between two groups. Chi-squared analysis with p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to test the significant association of different sequences.

Results Water only images had highest mean CNR (296.35 ± 208.28) for the detection of bone marrow edema/osteitis. T1W (186.09 ± 96.96) and opposed-phase (OP) images (279.22 ± 188.40) had highest mean CNR for the detection of subchondral sclerosis and periarticular fat deposition, respectively. OP images (p-value <0.001) followed by fat-only (FO) images (p-value = 0.001) were superior to T1W sequences in detecting periarticular fat deposition. In-phase (IP) images in detecting subchondral sclerosis and IP and FO images in detecting cortical erosions were comparable to conventional T1W sequences (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusions T2 Dixon sequences are superior or comparable to conventional MR sequences in detection of sacroiliitis, except ankylosis. Hence, Dixon can be used as a single sequence to replace the multiple sequences used in conventional imaging protocol of acute sacroiliac joints due to higher image quality. It can be used as an additional sequence in case of chronic sacroiliitis to increase the confidence and accuracy of diagnosis.
Salmonella Bacteremia Causing Mycotic Pseudoaneurysm of Right Common Iliac Artery Complicated by Septic Caval Thrombosis
Authors: Sivaramalingam Sinduja , Ethiraj Dillibabu , Srinivas Sripriya , Kalyanasundaram Srinivasan , Sundaramoorthy Subha , M. Madhu Bashini
Published: August 2022

Mycotic pseudoaneurysm (MPA) is a blind, saccular outpouching of the arterial lumen of infective origin. MPA is a rare life-threatening condition and if not treated early, has a 67% mortality rate due to sepsis and hemorrhage. Major predisposing factors are diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, malignancy, steroids, and intravenous drug use. Imaging modalities include Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and digital subtraction angiography. We report a unique case of Salmonella bacteremia-related MPA of the right common iliac artery complicated by septic inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. Such transcompartmental involvement of IVC has hitherto not been described in the literature and hence makes for interesting documentation. This case ponders upon the aggressiveness of the invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection pathogen and the need for early imaging of suspicious patients to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Congenital Anomalies of Aortic Arch: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Goel Archita , Viswamitra Sanjaya
Published: August 2022

Aortic abnormalities account for 15 to 20% of all congenital cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate various congenital anomalies of the aortic arch, which influence patient management and outcome.
Photoelectron imaging of size-selected metal cluster anions in a quasi-continuous mode
Authors: Horio Takuya , Minamikawa Kento , Nishizato Tasuku , Hashimoto Haruki , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Arakawa Masashi , Terasaki Akira
Published: August 2022

We present a novel high-repetition-rate photoelectron imaging (PEI) apparatus for exploring electronic structures of metal cluster anions. A continuous beam of mass-selected metal cluster anions, generated by a magnetron-sputtering cluster-ion source coupled with a quadrupole mass filter, is chopped into sub-megahertz ion bunches using a high-voltage pulser. The quasi-continuous anion beam is introduced into a PEI spectrometer, where the anions are photodetached using a 404 nm (3.07 eV) continuous-wave laser diode. As a demonstration, we acquire photoelectron images for size-selected Ag cluster anions, AgN− (N = 3, 7, 14), and show that each image can be obtained in a short accumulation time (50 s) with a kinetic energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 4% at E = 1.77 eV. The quasi-continuous PEI technique enables high-count-rate, space-charge-free acquisition of photoelectron spectra and angular distributions not only from size-selected metal cluster anions but also from anions prepared by other continuous ion sources, such as electrospray ionization.
Incompressible flows: Relative scale invariance and isobaric polynomial fields
Authors: Polihronov J.
Published: August 2022

This article examines the Bouton–Lie group invariants of the Navier–Stokes equation (NSE) for incompressible fluids. The theory is applied to the general scaling transformation admitted by the NSE: it adds new partial differential equations to the Navier–Stokes system of equations and is used to derive all self-similar solutions. This method can be applied to any differential equation exhibiting scaling invariance. The solutions are found to be based on isobaric polynomials, which can be smooth and nonzero at the initial moment. The non-self-similar velocity and pressure fields in the case of constant viscosity at all scales are studied and also found to be polynomials, nonzero, and smooth at the initial moment; they vanish far away from the origin and are not increasing in time. For a subset of the solutions, the cavitation number is shown to be a conserved quantity; the invariant analysis is extended to higher-dimensioned manifolds for the purpose of finding additional conserved quantities.
Improved anti-ferroelectric properties enabled by high pressure annealing for eDRAM applications
Authors: Wang Qin , Yu Shihao , Yang Peng , Zhang Yefan , Liu Haijun , Xu Hui , Liu Sen , Li Qingjiang
Published: August 2022

The non-ideal characteristics at the interfaces of anti-ferroelectric (AFE) film and electrodes will greatly affect the potential performance in the way to embedded dynamic random-access memory applications. In this paper, we have proposed a high-performance AFE TiN/HfxZr1−xO2/TiN capacitor fabricated by fully atomic layer deposition grown and alcohol-thermal high-pressure annealing methods that have been employed to avoid exposure to the ambient atmosphere and cure the interface defects induced by the inevitable oxidization of electrodes. Due to the high improvement of the interface quality, the capacitors based on ultra-thin (∼6 nm) AFE film show competitive memory performances, such as low operating voltage (−0.6/1.8 V), high speed (10 ns), long retention time (103 s), and high endurance (1012). The final benchmark demonstrates that the proposed AFE TiN/HfxZr1−xO2/TiN capacitor is a promising candidate toward the next generation high-speed and high-density embedded memory.
Dual electronic effects achieving a high-performance Ni(II) pincer catalyst for CO
2
photoreduction in a noble-metal-free system
Authors: Huang Hai-Hua , Zhang Ji-Hong , Dai Miao , Liu Lianglin , Ye Zongren , Liu Jiahao , Zhong Di-Chang , Wang Jia-Wei , Zhao Cunyuan , Ke Zhuofeng
Published: August 2022

A carbazolide-
bis
(NHC) Ni
II
catalyst (1; NHC,
N
-heterocyclic carbene) for selective CO
2
photoreduction was designed herein by a one-stone-two-birds strategy. The extended π-conjugation and the strong σ/π electron-donation characteristics (two birds) of the carbazolide fragment (one stone) lead to significantly enhanced activity for photoreduction of CO
2
to CO. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 1 were ninefold and eightfold higher than those of the reported pyridinol-
bis
(NHC) Ni
II
complex at the same catalyst concentration using an identical Ir photosensitizer, respectively, with a selectivity of ∼100%. More importantly, an organic dye was applied to displace the Ir photosensitizer to develop a noble-metal-free photocatalytic system, which maintained excellent performance and obtained an outstanding quantum yield of 11.2%. Detailed investigations combining experimental and computational studies revealed the catalytic mechanism, which highlights the potential of the one-stone-two-birds effect.
Gradient flow structure and convergence analysis of the ensemble Kalman inversion for nonlinear forward models
Authors: Weissmann Simon
Published: August 2022

The ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) is a particle based method which has been introduced as the application of the ensemble Kalman filter to inverse problems. In practice it has been widely used as derivative-free optimization method in order to estimate unknown parameters from noisy measurement data. For linear forward models the EKI can be viewed as gradient flow preconditioned by a certain sample covariance matrix. Through the preconditioning the resulting scheme remains in a finite dimensional subspace of the original high-dimensional (or even infinite dimensional) parameter space and can be viewed as optimizer restricted to this subspace. For general nonlinear forward models the resulting EKI flow can only be viewed as gradient flow in approximation. In this paper we discuss the effect of applying a sample covariance as preconditioning matrix and quantify the gradient flow structure of the EKI by controlling the approximation error through the spread in the particle system. The ensemble collapse on the one side leads to an accurate gradient approximation, but on the other side to degeneration in the preconditioning sample covariance matrix. In order to ensure convergence as optimization method we derive lower as well as upper bounds on the ensemble collapse. Furthermore, we introduce covariance inflation without breaking the subspace property intending to reduce the collapse rate of the ensemble such that the convergence rate improves. In a numerical experiment we apply EKI to a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem and illustrate the dependence of EKI as derivative-free optimizer on the choice of the initial ensemble.
Full-zone persistent spin textures with giant spin splitting in two-dimensional group IV–V compounds
Authors: Absor Moh. Adhib Ulil , Lukmantoro Arif , Santoso Iman
Published: August 2022

Persistent spin texture (PST), a property of solid-state materials maintaining unidirectional spin polarization in the momentum k-space, offers a route to deliver the necessary long carrier spin lifetimes through the persistent spin helix (PSH) mechanism. However, most of the discovered PST locally occurred in the small part around certain high symmetry k-points or lines in the first Brillouin zone (FBZ), thus limiting the stability of the PSH state. Herein, by symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations, we report the emergence of full-zone PST (FZPST), a phenomenon displaying the PST in the whole FBZ, in the two-dimensional group IV–V

A

2

B

2

(A = Si, Sn, Ge; B = Bi, Sb) compounds. Due to the existence of the in-plane mirror symmetry operation in the wave vector point group symmetry for the arbitrary

k
⃗

in the whole FBZ, fully out-of-plane spin polarization is observed in the k-space, thus maintaining the FZPST. Importantly, we observed giant spin splitting in which the PST sustains, supporting large spin–orbit coupling parameters and small wavelengths of the PSH states. Our

k
⃗

⋅

p
⃗

analysis demonstrated that the FZPST is robust for the non-degenerate bands, which can be effectively controlled by the application of an external electric field, thus offering a promising platform for future spintronic applications.
Collisions of three billiard balls
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: August 2022

Newton’s cradle is commonly used to show that a collision of three or more identical balls in a row is one that conserves momentum and kinetic energy. An experiment is described where one billiard ball collides at an angle with another two at rest. The collision also conserves momentum and kinetic energy and has several surprisingly simple outcomes where two of the balls emerge at right angles to each other.
Flexible assembled tactile sensor with freely integration design
Authors: Yang Lina , Li Yang , Wang Haicheng , Wei Shan , Li Zhongli , Liu Yijian , Chen Da , Guo Qiuquan , Sun Xun
Published: August 2022

Flexible touch-sensing devices have become increasingly multifunctional in wearable interaction electronics owing to the diversification of material synthesis and the flexibility in the structure design. Especially, the latter provides capabilities for the existing sensors owning the common materials with new possibilities to acquire certain requisite functions. Herein, we designed a strain sensor by assembling the nature rubber (NR) substrate with the MoS2/MWCNT conducting network structure. For demonstrating the flexibility of the proposed integrated model under the application of NR, practical applications were exhibited. The bendable biomimetic hair sensor is integrated into the smart car for robotic tactile to imitate the manner of mammals when sensing the surroundings. Besides, a flexible sensing array can be designed into arbitrary shapes according to users’ requirements manifesting its flexibility and practicability. What is more, the sensor used as electronic skin (e-skin) can realize tactile sensing and meanwhile monitor human body movements. The success of this study paves the way for extending this technology to tactile sensing which is a promising lead to develop multifunctional strain sensors for widespread applications.
Study of lattice dynamics and mechanical properties of Pd and Pt using pseudopotential formulism
Authors: Bhatia K G , Gajjar P N
Published: August 2022

In the present study, the study of lattice dynamics, lattice mechanical and some thermodynamic properties for Pd and Pt has been carried out by employing a new form of pseudopotential. The purpose of this study is to verify whether our approach along with the newly constructed form of pseudopotential is capable enough for the understanding of physical properties of transition metals. Present results are compared with experimental findings and other available theoretical results. Our results are in reasonably good agreement with experimental results which proves that the present proposed method is better for the theoretical understanding of lattice dynamics.
Electro-thermal properties and characterization of the flexible polyurethane-graphene nanocomposite films
Authors: Owji Erfan , Ostovari Fatemeh , Keshavarz Alireza
Published: August 2022

The flexible film of polyurethane/graphene (PU/G) composition with the different mass fractions of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by the in situ polymerization method and the electrothermal properties of the films were investigated. Results show by increasing the mass fraction of rGO to 5 wt% (PU/G5), the composition goes to the percolation zone. Further, the PU with 20 wt% of rGO (PU/G20) shows good conductivity which is relatively stable at different voltages (∼135 Ω/sq). Moreover, using graphene in the PU matrix has increased its thermal stability. PU/Gs stable up to 200 °C by assisting graphene. Also, the maximum Seebeck coefficient and voltage of PU/Gs (5, 10, 20) obtain at about 45 °C and 85 °C respectively, and PU/G20 has better performance than others. In addition, the electrothermal response of PU/G20 shows good repeatability and could reach 75 °C and 45 °C by applying the 22 V and 12 V respectively. The thermal stability, good electrothermal response, and flexibility of the sample suggest it for electrical heaters and wearable applications.
ΛCDM ∪ MOND
Authors: Henke Christian
Published: August 2022

It has been demonstrated that the difference between the Renormalised Brane World (RBW) model and
the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model occurs only at sufficiently distant times. In this
paper, it is shown that for spherically symmetric situations an analog deviation between the RBW
model and Newton's theory occurs at large distances. More precisely, this deviation of the RBW
model is nothing other than the explanation of Milgrom's hypothesis and follows from
itself. Therefore, the results of this paper explains flat rotation curves of galaxies without dark matter.
Study of relativistic accretion flow around KTN black hole with shocks
Authors: Sen Gargi , Maity Debaprasad , Das Santabrata
Published: August 2022

We present the global solutions of low angular momentum, inviscid, advective accretion flow around Kerr-Taub-NUT (KTN) black hole in presence and absence of shock waves. These solutions are obtained by solving the governing equations that describe the relativistic accretion flow in KTN spacetime which is characterized by the Kerr parameter (ak) and NUT parameter (n). During accretion, rotating flow experiences centrifugal barrier that eventually triggers the discontinuous shock transition provided the relativistic shock conditions are satisfied. In reality, the viability of shocked accretion solution appears more generic over the shock free solution as the former possesses high entropy content at the inner edge of the disc. Due to shock compression, the post-shock flow (equivalently post-shock corona, hereafter PSC) becomes hot and dense, and therefore, can produce high energy radiations after reprocessing the soft photons from the pre-shock flow via inverse Comptonization. In general, PSC is characterized by the shock properties, namely shock location (rs), compression ratio (R) and shock strength (S), and we examine their dependencies on the energy (ξ) and angular momentum (λ) of the flow as well as black hole parameters. We identify the effective domain of the parameter space in λ-ξplane for shock and observe that shock continues to form for wide range of flow parameters. We also find thatakandnact oppositely in determining the shock properties and shock parameter space. Finally, we calculate the disc luminosity (L) considering free-free emissions and observe that accretion flows containing shocks are more luminous compared to the shock free solutions.
Shedding flavor on dark via freeze-in: U(1)B-3Ligauged extensions
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Ghosh Purusottam , Ghoshal Anish , Mukherjee Lopamudra
Published: August 2022

We consider a singlet fermionic dark matter (DM)χin a gauged U(1)B-3Liextension of the Standard Model (SM), withi ⋲ e, μ, τ, and derive bounds on the allowed parameter space, considering its production via freeze-in mechanism. The DM communicates with the SM only through flavorful vector-portalZB3Ldue to its non-trivial chargexunder U(1)B-3Li, which also guarantees the stability of the DM over the age of the Universe forx≠ {±3/2, ±3}. ConsideringZB3Lto lie within the mass range of a few MeV up to a few GeV, we obtain constraints on the gauge couplinggB3Lfrom the requirement of producing right relic abundance. Taking limits from various (present and future) experimental facilities, e.g., NuCal, NA64, FASER, SHiP into account, we show that the relic density allowed parameter space for the frozen in DM can be probed withgB3L≳ 10-8for bothmχ<mZB3L/2 andmχ≳mZB3L, whilegB3L≲ 10-8remains mostly unconstrained. We also briefly comment on the implications of neutrino mass generation via Type-I seesaw and anomalous (g-2)μin context withB-3Lμgauged symmetry.
Non-genetic resistance facilitates survival while hindering the evolution of drug resistance due to intraspecific competition
Authors: Guthrie Joshua D , Charlebois Daniel A
Published: August 2022

Rising rates of resistance to antimicrobial drugs threaten the effective treatment of infections across the globe. Drug resistance has been established to emerge from non-genetic mechanisms as well as from genetic mechanisms. However, it is still unclear how non-genetic resistance affects the evolution of genetic drug resistance. We develop deterministic and stochastic population models that incorporate resource competition to quantitatively investigate the transition from non-genetic to genetic resistance during the exposure to static and cidal drugs. We find that non-genetic resistance facilitates the survival of cell populations during drug treatment while hindering the development of genetic resistance due to competition between the non-genetically and genetically resistant subpopulations. Non-genetic resistance in the presence of subpopulation competition increases the fixation times of drug resistance mutations, while increasing the probability of mutation before population extinction during cidal drug treatment. Intense intraspecific competition during drug treatment leads to extinction of susceptible and non-genetically resistant subpopulations. Alternating between drug and no drug conditions results in oscillatory population dynamics, increased resistance mutation fixation timescales, and reduced population survival. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of the evolution of resistance and may guide novel treatment strategies for patients with drug-resistant infections.
Numerical Investigation on Hole-Injection Characteristics of NiO/SiC Heterojunction
Authors: Xi Wang , Na Li , Hongbin Pu , Yingxiang Yang , Jichao Hu , Jianning Xu
Published: August 2022

Numerical investigation on hole-injection characteristics of NiO/SiC heterojunction is carried out in this paper. Theory analysis and numerical simulation both indicate the excellent hole-injection characteristic of p-NiO/n-SiC heterojunction. The pn junction diode and pnp phototransistor are constructed and simulated to evaluate hole-injection characteristics p-NiO/n-SiC heterojunction. The results indicate that the p-NiO/n-SiC heterojunction shows great potential advantage in enhancing current gain of pnp phototransistor. By using NiO/SiC heterojunction as the emitter junction, the current gain of SiC based pnp phototransistor can be increased by about 96.3 times.
Investigation of 2D material anodes with different anions for lithium ion batteries: comparison of MoO2, MoS2 and MoSe2
Authors: Chen Tianrui
Published: August 2022

The energy storage devices used in today’s society are mainly lithium batteries. At present, the anode material of commercial lithium batteries is generally graphite. Although lithium battery has superior performance compared with other energy storage methods, it still has many problems, such as poor safety, low specific capacity, and slow charging speed. In recent years, although some researchers have proposed graphene as anode material, the results show that although graphene can partly alleviate the above problems, it cannot meet the needs of industrial and domestic applications. Therefore, we investigate the properties of MoO2, MoS2 and MoSe2 as battery anode materials. These three materials have good conductivity, and anions are the same main group. The effects of anionic electronegativity on battery performance can be compared and discussed. We obtain the binding energy, diffusion barrier, voltage, stable adsorption site and corresponding charge transfer of Li on the above three materials by first-principles calculations. We find that MoO2, MoS2 and MoSe2 have their own advantages and disadvantages as battery anode materials. MoO2 has the strongest binding capacity with lithium ion and the closest adsorption degree. MoS2 is slightly inferior and MoSe2 has the weakest binding capacity. This feature will lead to MoO2 having higher specific capacity and the ability to prevent lithium dendrite growth. However, considering the lower diffusion barrier, lithium ion in MoSe2 is easier to diffuse and the charging rate of the MoSe2 based lithium battery would be higher, while lithium ion in MoO2 is not easy to diffuse and the charging rate could be low. In general, the three anode can improve the battery performance in different aspects, and have a wide application prospect.
Numerical Investigation on the Atomization Characteristics of An Aerosol Spray Nozzle
Authors: Liu Liang , Wu Xingwei , Wang Dian , Yin Yue
Published: August 2022

Inlet air filtration of ships and coastal installations is mainly used to filter out salt aerosol particles, so researches on the inlet filter needs to simulate spray aerosol state in the marine environment. The sea salt aerosol particles have multiple sizes, thus salt aerosol generator should have the ability to produce salt aerosol particles of various diameters. This paper investigates the factors that affect the particle diameter of a salt aerosol generating device. Numerical simulations on the two-phase flow in a salt aerosol nozzle are conducted and the influence of air inlet pressure and droplet mass flow rate on the particle diameter is discovered. The results show that the particle diameter of the aerosol nozzle decreases with the air inlet pressure increasing and the droplet mass flow rate decreasing.
New beam position detectors for NA61/SHINE experiment
Authors: Balkova Y. , Urbaniak M. , Makhnev A. , Puławski S. , Kowalski S. , Kulawik J. , Guber F. , Serebryakov D.
Published: August 2022

NA61/SHINE is a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment located at the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. The main goals of the experiment include studies for physics of strong interactions, neutrino physics, and cosmic-rays physics. After the upgrade of the detector system, the experiment will collect data up to 1 kHz event rate. The development of new detectors, used to measure the positions of incoming beam particles in the transverse plane, is a crucial part of the upgrade. Two new kinds of beam position detectors are prepared and tested. One of them is the scintillating fiber detector with a multi-anode photomultiplier readout. It is built of two perpendicularly arranged ribbons, each consisting of two shifted layers of green-emitting scintillating fibers with a diameter of 250 μm. The second type of detector is based on single-sided silicon strip detector (Hamamatsu S13804). The paper gives an overview of both detectors’ design and readout concepts.
Overview on the progress of the conceptual studies of a gamma ray spectrometer instrument for DEMO
Authors: Giacomelli L. , Nocente M. , Perelli Cippo E. , Rebai M. , Rigamonti D. , Tardocchi M. , Cazzaniga C. , Cecconello M. , Conroy S. , Hjalmarsson A. , Ericsson G. , Franke T. , Biel W.
Published: August 2022

The future DEMO tokamak will be equipped with a suite of diagnostics which will operate as sensors to monitor and control the position and operation parameters of DT plasmas. Among the suite of sensors, an integrated neutron and gamma-ray diagnostic system is also studied to verify its capability and performance in detecting possible DEMO plasma position variations and contribute to the feedback system in maintaining DEMO DT plasma in stable conditions. This work describes the progress of the conceptual study of the gamma-ray diagnostic for DEMO reactor performed during the first Work-Package contract 2015–2020. The reaction of interest for this Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Instrument (GRSI) consists of D(T, γ)5He with the emission of 16.63 MeV γ rays. Due to DEMO tokamak design constraints, the gamma and neutron diagnostics are integrated, both featuring multi-line of sight (camera type), viewing DEMO plasma radially with vertical (12) and horizontal (13) viewing lines to diagnose the γ and neutron emission from the DT plasma poloidal section. The GRSI design is based on the investigation of the reaction cross sections, on the calculations performed with GENESIS and MCNP simulation codes and on the physics and geometry constrains of the integrated instrument. GRSI features long collimators which diameters are constrained by the neutron flux at the neutron detectors of the Radial Neutron Camera (RNC) system placed in front, which are key to control DEMO DT plasma position. For these reasons, only few GRSI parameters can be independently selected to optimize its performance. Among these, the choice of the collimator diameters at the back side of the neutron detector box up to the GRSI detector, the use of LiH neutron attenuators in front of the GRSI detectors, the GRSI detector material and shielding. The GRSI detector is based on commercial LaBr3(Ce) inorganic scintillating crystal coupled with a photomultiplier tube or a silicon photomultiplier. They are designed to operate at high count rate although GRSI geometry constraints severely impact on this feature. The GRSI can also provide an independent assessment of DEMO DT fusion power and T burning.
Flow-induced self-sustained oscillations in a straight channel with rigid walls and elastic supports
Authors: Alviso Dario , Sciamarella Denisse , Gronskis Alejandro , Artana Guillermo
Published: August 2022

This work considers the two-dimensional flow field of an incompressible viscous fluid in a parallel-sided channel. In our study, one of the walls is fixed whereas the other one is elastically mounted, and sustained oscillations are induced by the fluid motion. The flow that forces the wall movement is produced as a consequence that one of the ends of the channel is pressurized, whereas the opposite end is at atmospheric pressure. The study aims at reducing the complexity of models for several physiological systems in which fluid-structure interaction produces large deformation of the wall. We report the experimental results of the observed self-sustained oscillations. These oscillations occur at frequencies close to the natural frequency of the system. The vertical motion is accompanied by a slight trend to rotate the moving mass at intervals when the gap height is quite narrow. We propose a simplified analytical model to explore the conditions under which this motion is possible. The analytical approach considers asymptotic solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation with a perturbation technique. The comparison between the experimental pressure measured at the midlength of the channel and the analytical result issued with a model neglecting viscous effects shows a very good agreement. Also, the rotating trend of the moving wall can be explained in terms of the quadratic dependence of the pressure with the streamwise coordinate that is predicted by this simplified model.
Energy exchanges in a damped Langevin-like system with two thermal baths and an athermal reservoir
Authors: Nascimento E S , Morgado W A M
Published: August 2022

We study a Langevin-like model which describes an inertial particle in a one-dimensional harmonic potential and subjected to two heat baths and one athermal environment. The thermal noises are white and Gaussian, and the temperatures of heat reservoirs are different. The athermal medium act through an external non-Gaussian noise of Poisson type. We calculate exactly the time-dependent cumulant-generating function of position and velocity of the particle, as well as an expression of this generating function for stationary states. We discuss the long-time behavior of first cumulants of the energy injected by the athermal reservoir and the heat exchanged with thermal baths. In particular, we find that the covariance of stochastic heat due to distinct thermal reservoirs exhibits a complex dependence on properties of athermal noise.
An artificial pathway for trans-4-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid production from L-lysine in Escherichia coli
Authors: Cheng Jie , Luo Zhou , Wang Bangxu , Yan Lixiu , Zhang Suyi , Zhang Jiamin , Lu Yao , Wang Wei
Published: August 2022

Trans-4-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid (trans-4-HyPip) is a hydroxylated product of L-pipecolic acid, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Here, a trans-4-HyPip biosynthesis module was designed and constructed in Escherichia coli by overexpressing lysine α-oxidase, Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylase reductase, glucose dehydrogenase, lysine permease, catalase and L-pipecolic acid trans-4-hydroxylase for expanding the lysine catabolism pathway. A total of 4.89 g/L of trans-4-HyPip was generated in shake flasks from 8 g/L of L-pipecolic acid. By this approach, 14.86 g/L of trans-4-HyPip was produced from lysine after 48 h in a 5 L bioreactor. As far as we know, this is the first multi-enzyme cascade catalytic system for the production of trans-4-HyPip using E. coli from L-lysine. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential candidate for the industrial production of trans-4-HyPip in microorganisms.