bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warunki mieszkaniowe jako wyznacznik jakości życia osób niepełnosprawnych na przykładzie osób z dysfunkcją narządu wzroku
Authors: Sadowa Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Housing conditions as a determinant of the quality of life of disabled people, based on the example of people with sight dysfunctionOne of the basic needs of a person is to have a place to live. Virtually everyone dreams of having their own place, to relax and feel safe. Such a space is an important place for people with disabilities, because it is often the only place that is tailored to their needs, where they feel safer than in any other spaces. Every citizen of the country has the right to housing, which is provided by numerous docu­ments and regulations.The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of housing conditions on the quality of life of people with disabilities. The following thesis has been formulated in the work: the disabled aim to improve the quality of their lives by changing housing conditions.Literature sources have been reviewed to define basic concepts, the results of previous studies have been correlated. After accessing the database, the results of the research carried out in March 2015 by the foundation “Nie widzę problemu” literally meaning “I do not see the problem” with involvement of employees and students of the University of Wroclaw have been compiled.The analysis shows that respondents most often live together with their parents and spend a large part of their income on purchases related to household appliances. As much as 60% of re­spondents do not own a flat. Approximately 68% find the buildings they live in are not suited to their needs, however only 23% of them try to get social housing.Translated by Karolina Riemel
Efektywność akademickich klubów sportowych funkcjonujących w szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors: Brzezicki Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Efficiency of academic sports clubs operating in higher educationIn the article, the efficiency of 29 academic sports clubs in 2017 was measured using the NR-DEA non-radial-efficiency data envelopment analysis model. Two empirical models characterizing two different areas of activity of academic sports clubs were used in the study. The first model M1 fo­cused on club productivity, it includes the number of people practicing in the club and the total number of points obtained in the Polish Academic Championships. The second model M2 focused on club activity, it takes into account the number of organized events and participants taking part in the events. The results obtained show that sports clubs of technical universities were more often effective in terms of productivity than in terms of activity. A different situation occurs in university clubs, which were more often effective in terms of the activity of sports events, sporadically in terms of productivity.
Ocena jakości obsługi klienta metodą "mystery shopping" na przykładzie banku
Authors: Wicka Aleksandra , Podlińska Olga
Published: March 2020

Assessment of customer service quality using the mystery shopping method based on the example of a bank The aim of the article is to assess the quality of customer service in a bank using the “mystery shop­per” method in the context of the binding service standards. The article was prepared on the basis of data from primary and secondary sources. As part of the mystery shopping research, 1,388 audits were conducted in 2018 and 2019. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was found that most of the analyzed criteria influencing customer satisfaction with the service in the examined bank are at a very good level over 91% of positive indications. One element of the service provision process a discreet greeting of an entering customer needs to be improved as its rating was positive only in 56% of indications, which gives an equivalent of a pass mark.
Dowcipy o góralach a tzw. duch góralszczyzny
Authors: Tarnogórska Maria
Published: March 2020

Highlander jokes and so-called spirit of the highlandThe aim of this article is to examine the authenticity of popular ‘highlanders’ jokes’ published in many anthologies of humour as well as in separate dedicated volumes often termed ‘highland­ers’ humour’ thus suggesting folkloristic sources of the texts. The analysis of representative ex­amples shows that most jokes are thoroughly fictive constructions profiled as ethnic jokes without authentic origins. The anonymous sources of these jokes create them with two main qualities: 1. the tendency to use puns, black humour or even nonsense humour which contrasts with the rather realistic humour of folkloristic texts; 2. incorporating elements of modern reality such as technical gadgets comically incongruous in the context of the stereotypical image of highlanders’ culture. A true portrait of highlander culture, a quality of authentic folklore, is replaced by purely nominal ethnic characteristics, often added to primarily non- ethnic jokes, implying that the ethnic joke is more funny than the same joke without such an ethnic characteristic for instance, a joke about Scottish avarice is deemed more funny than the same joke about a non-descript miser.
Góry: Zamkowa, Królowej Bony, Grabarka — symbolika „mniej znanych gór” w świadomości kulturowej w regionach wschodniej Polski na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Kmak-Pamirska Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

The Castle Mount, Queen Bona Mount and Mount Grabarka — the symbolism of “lesser known mountains” in the culture of the eastern regions of Poland at the turn of the 20th centuryThe aim of the article is to examine the significance of “lesser known mountains”, namely Castle Mount, Queen Bona Mount and Mount Grabarka in the cultural consciousness of people living in eastern Poland at the turn of the 20th century Podlasie and Volhynia. In folk tales the symbolism of the mountains was associated with the extraterrestrial world. Mo­untains aroused fear; they were regarded as the abodes of evil spirits and places where souls of sinners did their penance and wandered. With time the symbolism of the mountains among people living in eastern Poland began to change. At the turn of the century attempts were made to rationalise the perception of nature as well as to tame it and subordinate it to humans. Examples of such an approach include Zygmunt Gloger’s ethnographic descriptions of e.g. Castle Mount near Drohiczyn. Queen Bona Mount was to be found in Podlasie and Volhynia. A literary illustration by Halina Micińska-Kenar, entitled Pod górą królowej Bony [At the Foot of Queen Bona Mount], explores fear of the unknown — a mountain dominating the town — as well as the path of humans’ spiritual development through overcoming their weaknesses and ascending the peak. Often mountains were also associated with divine locations. An example is Mount Grabarka Podlasie, from which flows a holy spring, symbolising a holy place and a place of remembrance. An analysis of the symbolism of the mountains in Poland’s eastern region shows what places were and are regarded as mountains as well as why and what significance was attributed to these “smaller mountains” in the cultural consciousness of people living in these regions at the turn of the 20th century.
„Sezonowa miłość” Gabrieli Zapolskiej na pograniczu kultur z przełomu wieków
Authors: Pigoń Anna
Published: March 2020

Gabriela Zapolska’s Sezonowa miłośćThe article is an attempt to present the divisions in Gabriela Zapolska’s Sezonowa miłość [Seasonal Love] focusing on two areas: the world presented and references to reality. The world presented is divided into space opposition between city, nature and culture and the protagonists. References to reality focus on the topography of both Zakopane and the Tatras.
Von Grenzen und Abgründen: Berg- und Abgrenzungsdiskurse in ethnischen Konflikträumen
Authors: Wedekind Michael
Published: March 2020

ON BOUNDARIES AND GAPS: DISCOURSES ON MOUNTAINS ANS SEPARATION IN AREAS AFFECTED BY ETHNIC CONFLICTThe author examines the reasons behind the political instrumentalisation and ethnicisation of tourism as a private social practice, allegedly far removed from politics. Using the example of the Austrian Alpine Region specifically, the Duchy of Tyrol during the late Habsburg Monarchy, he demonstrates that this political sphere of action was a promising starting point for the nationalisation of the masses of the masses, especially wherever national circles of various communities had no access to the state apparatus and to classic socialisation organs and, therefore, had to resort to auxiliary measures to socialise nationality. In addition to issuing calls to visit areas close to linguistic and national borders and projecting ethnic partly racial models of segmentation and exclusion, tourism was used as ground for the building of national identity, for strategies of social integration and mobilisation, for establishing new mental maps and links of loyalty.
Granice we wspinaniu. Góry jako przestrzenie transgresji granic płci
Authors: Gugglberger Martina
Published: March 2020

ASCENTS WITH LIMITS: MOUNTAINS AS SPACES FOR GENDER TRANSGRESSIONMountains and Alpine spaces are historical places where determined national, economic and cultural norms as well as practices were and still are negotiated. The article focuses on the question of gender in the mountains as a social space, which the author explores, drawing on the example of the history of climbing expeditions to the highest mountains in the world, the Himalayas. Against this background she presents, from the point of view of gender history, the so-called female expeditions, i.e. mountain expeditions initiated, organised and conducted from the mid-1950s by all-female teams. They serve as analytical lenses to look into gender relations in mountaineering and their transformations in 1955–2014. Drawing on four social spaces the author raises questions about crossing gender boundaries due to socially-constructed gender norms as well as strategies for overcoming them.The first part of the article is devoted to female expeditions undertaken in 1955–1962 by British female climbers. These enterprises expanded the areas in which female mountaineers operated, without, however, questioning social gender stereotypes. The organisers of the expeditions deliberately presented themselves in accordance with social gender norms, and by choosing reasonable mountain goals, didn’t join the competition associated with the Himalayan eight-thousanders. The importance of gender based boundaries in high altitude mountaineering in the late 1950s is revealed in part two of the article when for the first time a female team set a famous eight-thousander as a goal for themselves. Press reports from before and after the expedition reflect prejudice and scepticism, presenting the female climbers in a manner that affronted them as overambitious and incompetent. It was not until the 1970s that a younger generation of female climbers openly and critically spoke against sexism and discrimination of women in high mountain climbing, as the author describes in part three. Female expeditions allowed women to avoid exclusion from male teams and attempt to climb the highest peaks on their own. The article ends with a presentation of the significance of female expeditions in the Himalayan state of Nepal, where since the 1990s such expeditions have provided Nepalese women with opportunities to made their mark on the tourist trade. On the other hand, female expeditions have been used by tourist and political institutions as an instrument of raising public awareness of issues like equality policy, climate protection or promotion of tourism.
Wciąż terra incognita? Turystyka górska w Karpatach Wschodnich w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej
Authors: Dabrowski Patrice M.
Published: March 2020

Still terra incognita? Mountain climbing in the Eastern Carpathians in the period of Galician autonomyEarly mountain climbing in the distant, expansive, and wild Eastern Carpathians in a far corner of Galicia then part of Austria-Hungary, today in Ukraine looked rather different from that practiced in the Tatra mountains. This is attested to by the near universal use of the services of the local Hutsul highlanders with their horses in order to cover the greater distances from the piedmont localities, reachable by carriage or railway, to the mountain peaks. The present article — based on descriptions of expeditions in newspapers and specialized journals, books, and memoirs — considers the experience of various individuals and groups that conquered or attempted to conquer the peaks of Czarnohora from about 1873 to to the first years of the 20th century.  Among the climbers of the period one finds Tatra Society activists, students from the Galician capital of Lwów/Lemberg/L’viv, as well as a young Scotchwoman. Among other things, the article analyzes the challenges of the expeditions and the motivation and impressions of the participants in order to better understand why, despite the passage of time as well as the experiences of earlier mountain climbers, the peaks of Czarnohora in this period long remained only lightly frequented.
W naszej letniej stolicy… Satyra Ludwika Szczepańskiego na młodopolskich turystów w Tatrach
Authors: Bajda Justyna
Published: March 2020

W naszej letniej stolicy… In our summer capital… Ludwik Szczepański’s satire on Young Poland tourists in the TatrasIn the article the author analyses a slightly forgotten satirical novel by Ludwik Szczepański, W naszej letniej stolicy, czyli przygoda rejenta Nowakowskiego w Zakopanem In our summer capital or the adventure of Nowakowski, a notary, in Zakopane 1904,  published under the pseudonym Wincenty Ogórek. She tackles three topics:Placement of the novel in the context of other Young Poland period works referring to the discovery of Zakopane as an ideal place for summer holidays by Poles from various parts of the partitioned country, especially by residents of Kraków or Warsaw. In the first  two parts of the article the author presents an outline of the plot and then discusses the topography of Zakopane and its environs, brilliantly depicted by Żeromski.The subchapter “…this Zakopane train is especially full of nice, friendly women…” contains a detailed analysis of direct and indirect linguistic, stylistic, personal and cultural references to Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, whose satirical anti-portrait as the poet Przerwański, is included in the novel by Szczepański.In the last part of the article the author points to those features of Szczepański’s novel which make it possible to describe it as a “resort novel”. In addition, she refers to other titles of literary works from the Young Poland period, which fit in with the proposed literary convention. The term “resort novel” refers to Jacek Kolbuszewski’s earlier concept of “boarding house novel”. In the conclusion the author points to the possibility of reinterpreting numerous “resort novels” from the Young Poland period with the help of the latest tools used in the description and analysis of various phenomena relating to tourism understood as a subject of research in the humanities.
„Was soll der Mensch da oben?“. Vom politischen Nutzen des Bergerlebnisses
Authors: Wedekind Michael
Published: March 2020

“What does man achieve up there?” On the political use of mountaineering experiencesSince the 1870s the socio-economic and national conflicts with ethnic backgrounds reached the highest Alpine peaks. This was visible in a broad European context, but especially in the Habsburg Monarchy. This was where demands for political participation and social emancipation of allegedly disadvantaged ethnic groups in the Reich were juxtaposed with aggressive German-Austrian strategies seeking to preserve the status quo. In this context, “capturing” and “seizing” highland areas in disputed language border regions of the multi-ethnic empire became terms of huge symbolic and identity-shaping significance.In comparison with the British Alpine Club, whose members were well travelled climbers, Central European Alpine associations were anchored in regional political contexts and had clear nationalistic views. They reflected the specific socio-psychological determinants, moral values and social norms of the bourgeois elites, from among whom the leaders and members of these associations came almost exclusively as late as in the early 20th century. In its early hybrid form — vacillating between sport and science — mountaineering turned out in many respects to be a useful tool of cultural takeover and emotional awareness-raising with regard to one’s own homeland presumed to be threatened by a foreign element; it was useful as a driving force in internalising national identity, social values, political concepts as well as heroic military maxims referring to desirable behaviour. The first ascents of mountain peaks and “capturing” of hitherto untouched highland areas, construction of prestigious hotels and mountain hostels as well as nationally-inspired monuments on mountain peaks became semiotic expressions of territorial aspirations of a nation, a symbolic seizure of the mountains, preventing “ethnically foreign” profanations. Thus emerged a new, collectively binding mental map with sanctified mountain peaks and ranges that were incorporated into the nation’s iconography. The politicisation of mountains and mountain climbing became part of the “nationalisation of the masses.”The author of the article examines these aspects, using the multi-ethnic region of Tyrol as an example. He analyses, first of all, the Società degli Alpinisti Tridentini, an organisation operating in the southern, Italian-speaking part of the country, and its equivalent, the much larger German and Austrian Alpine Club. The analysis features, among others, various ideas of “nature”, “mountains” and climbing, varied goals mountaineers set for themselves, and, finally, the link between socio-economic conflicts with ethnic backgrounds and peaks in the Dolomites and the Ortler. These were conflicts which, in some sense, paved the way for the subsequent fighting during the First World War or, in any case, directly led to it.
O tak zwanym szpiegu i terroryście koronnym
Authors: Hoc Stanisław
Published: March 2020

On spies and terroristsThe subject of this article is the authorization of intelligence services in preventing and combating the offences of espionage and terrorism. It describes the regulations of the Second Polish Republic regarding espionage, a draft Act on Intelligence Activities, the rule of law and opportunism, and most importantly new regulations under the anti-terrorism law.
Zwyczajny i nadzwyczajnie złagodzony wymiar kary w świetle kodeksu karnego po nowelizacji z 20 lutego 2015 roku
Authors: Konarska-Wrzosek Violetta
Published: March 2020

The ordinary and extraordinarily mitigated imposition of penalty under Criminal Code following the revision of 20 February 2015The paper demonstrates the penal law consequences of making changes to the provisions of Art. 58 § 1, repealing Art. 58 § 3 and instead adding Art. 37a and Art. 37b to the Criminal Code of 1997 effected through the revision dated 20 February 2015 Journal of Laws item 396. The author points out that the intention to modify the policy followed by courts in their judicial decisions, most notably to significantly reduce the number of cases with sentences imposing penalty of deprivation of liberty, with a conditional suspension of its enforcement disturbs the logic of the system of sanctions on which the Criminal Code was based along with the entire system of criminal law to which the Criminal Code applies. Furthermore, the difference between the ordinary imposition of penalty and the extraordinarily mitigated imposition of penalty has been blurred, with the latter to be applied only when there are special grounds for such measures, which means only in exceptional situations meriting an extraordinarily mitigated consideration, which is not required when ruling the ordinary imposition of penalty.The paper also disputes the arguments according to which the provision of Art. 37a of the Criminal Code supplements simple sanctions providing only for imposition of deprivation of liberty with non-custodial alternative penalties such as fine or limitation of liberty. Criticism is also expressed with regard to the proposed reduction of the lowest penalty of deprivation of liberty from one month to one week.The paper calls for repealing Art. 37a of the Criminal Code and reviving the imposition of penalty stipulated in the repealed Art. 58 § 3 of the Criminal Code, however without the preference included there concerning the additional imposition of a penal measure. It is also pointed out that it is high time to carry out a thorough revision of the penal sanctions for all kinds of crimes stipulated in the Polish legal order with the author naming a number of specific suggestions in this respect.
The influence of cataractus vision in the individual characteristics of handwriting and the implications in the work of forensic document examiner
Authors: Pertsinakis Michail
Published: March 2020

The effects of cataractus vision on handwriting performance are evaluated. Six cata-ract patients were enrolled with an average age of 74.8 yrs and completed a specially designed questionnaire with samples of their signature pre-operatively and three-months post-operatively. The signatures were analyzed through a four-eye principle peer re-viewed examination focusing on six basic general characteristics of writing line quality, general design, size, arrangements, spacing and slant and their sub-elements. The quali-tative analysis showed that cataractus vision causes a decrease of line quality and differ-ences between the pre- and post- surgical samples on the sub-element of size. General design, intra-allograph ratio and slant were not influenced by the compromised vision.
Dynamic stereotype and its role in written language diagnostics
Authors: Shepitko Valery
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the role of a dynamic stereotype in the diagnosis of writ­ten speech. Author paid attention to: 1 global processes in the exchange of information between people; 2 changes in the tool base for the texts writing; 3 the usage of electronic documents and electronic signatures; 4 the exchange of e-mail messages. The study of the written language in criminalistics is carried out within the framework of forensic handwriting examination judicial handwriting and forensic linguistics. The dynamic stereo­type took the important place in these branches of criminalistic techniques – the neuro­physiological basis of skills, a definite integral system of conditioned reflex reactions.­The dynamic stereotype is also typical for various modern ways of performing texts including using of electronic information resources. Reader attention is focused on new directions in the diagnostic examination of written texts, the formation of forensic crim­inalistic linguistics and psycholinguistics, as well as the development of psycholinguistic study of texts for identification purposes.
Selected issues in handwriting examination, graphology and their technology in document examination
Authors: Cieśla Rafał , Grębowiec-Baffoni Jolanta
Published: March 2020

This article aims at introducing the complex nature of handwriting examination for judicial purposes and the resulting competences which ahandwriting expert must have. The knowledge of neurophysiological conditioning of handwriting strokes, together with the knowledge of inks, their physical and chemical reactions with surfaces on which handwriting is applied, techniques allowing their observation and acquiring clear enlarged photographic images are indispensable for acorrect expert examination, explanation of how the conclusions were arrived at and illustrating the results. Appropriate selection of techniques of acquiring images requires not only the knowledge of optical and lighting equipment but also practical skills in its appropriate use. Thus, handwriting examination combines the knowledge from various areas: neurophysiology of movement, psychology of handwriting, chemistry, physics and use of optical equipment, which together guaran­tee objective and reliable examination yielding correct results.
Modyfikacja kary w postępowaniu wykonawczym
Authors: Wiciński Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

The modification process in corrections proceedingsAccording to the Corrections Code, execution of penalty or penal measure is subject to fulfillment of corrective and preventive goals. Since the 18th century, progressive tendencies regarding imprisonment indicated the need to corrective influence — motivating the perpetrator to exhibit socially-acceptable behavior in order to prevent his relapse into crime. The system of execution of deprivation of liberty imprisonment is called a system of slow progression, which means that the penalty can be modified in case of progress in social adaptation or lack of such. The modification process is related to many procedures during execution of penalty. Based on diverse character of such procedures, one can classify them as incidental or autonomous, the latter leading to modification of penalty, e.g. external or internal, permanent, episodic, conditional or unconditional and others, all of which optimize the possibility of fulfillment of the primary goal of the penalty, that is preventing of relapse into crime.
General directives of judicial sentencing. Remarks in the context of the Polish Criminal Code
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

The present paper was devoted to the issue of general directives of judicial sentencing. Assuming that such a status is held by the indications enumerated under Article 53 § 1 of the Polish Criminal Code i.e., the degree of culpability, the degree of social harm of a criminally prohibited act, individual prevention and general prevention, in the present paper attention was devoted not only to the essence of the mentioned indications of judicial sentencing, but also to their actual role in that process. The performed analyses allowed for formulating a conclusion that extra-legal factors, following from knowledge and experience of the adjudicating body, do not remain without importance.
Wielokulturowość w zakładach karnych. Uwagi o problemie i unormowaniach prawnych
Authors: Stępniak Piotr
Published: March 2020

Multiculturality in penal institutions. Remarks on the problem and legal normsThe article is devoted to the multiculturality of the prison population. It has recently become one of the most important political, social and economic problems facing contemporary societies as well as an important and growing penal problem.The article is divided into two parts. In part one the author discusses the terminology associated with multiculturality. He formulates his own, operational definition of the concept with regard to the contemporary penal space. In addition, he points to the distinctive features of inmates representing various cultures nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, and discusses their significance in working with prisoners. In part two the author analyses how the question of multiculturality is tackled in the Polish prison law with regard to two groups of convicts: those from different cultural and religious backgrounds, speaking different languages and having different customs, as well as foreigners. He points to two areas of legal regulations, i.e. formal procedures applied by officers with regard to individuals under arrest or already sentenced as well as recommendations of international law concerning the general rules of working with this group of inmates, and the level to which they have been taken into account in Polish law. He concludes that the two aspects are barely noticed in Polish prison law. The author explains his opinion in detail, drawing on a review of relevant provisions of Polish prison law. The article ends with a call to investigate the scale and nature of the phenomenon in Polish penal institutions, as it will become more urgent in the future, which prompts questions about respect for the laws, values and customs associated with the cultures represented by prisoners, and, on the other hand, about their compatibility with the values, attitudes, behaviours and principles of social conduct accepted in Poland. The author calls for a discussion about how to organise custodial sentences for individuals from varied cultural backgrounds and how to expand the Polish prison regulations in this respect.
Próba oceny nowych rozwiązań w zakresie karnoprawnej ochrony dziedzictwa kultury
Authors: Trzciński Maciej
Published: March 2020

New solutions in the field of cultural heritage protection law: an assessmentIn the years 2017–2018, new regulations appeared in the system of criminal legal protection of cultural heritage. It seems that some of them should significantly strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, in particular the increasing of penalties for the destruction of monuments, as well as the determination that carrying out searches for monuments without appropriate permission is treated as a crime since 2018. Unfortunately, the significant dispersion of criminal laws and the lack of an appropriate chapter in the penal code which would refer to crime against cultural heritage is still a serious drawback of the functioning system.
Pozytywna prognoza kryminologiczna jako materialna przesłanka warunkująca zastosowanie warunkowego zawieszenia wykonania kary. Uwagi na tle pojęcia „prognoza” oraz orzecznictwa sądów polskich
Authors: Witkowska-Rozpara Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Positive criminological prognosis as the condition of using the conditional suspension of the execution of the penalty — remarks with reference to the concept of „prognosis” and jurisdiction of Polish courtsThe conditional suspension of the execution of the penalty is regulated in Chapter VIII of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland. One of the conditions of using this measure is positive criminological prognosis relating to the offender. This study presents the idea of criminological prognosis, the catalogue of factors examined by the court and the meaning of the term “criminological prognosis” in the courts’ opinion.
Osadzeni z niepełnosprawnością fizyczną — w kierunku diagnozy potrzeb
Authors: Nymś-Górna Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Prisoners with physical disabilities — towards the diagnosis of needsAmong the prison population in Poland there are also people with disabilities. The text will focus on physical disability. Convicts with physical disabilities constitute a group that, in penitentiary reality, is faced with many difficulties. Specialised interactions should be directed towards them. Prison Service officers try to minimise factors that may adversely affect the functioning of people with physical disabilities in prisons and pre-trial detention centres. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to prisoners with a physical disability and the specificity of their needs in penitentiary units.
Pamięć matki — pamięć o matce. „O Dzienniku pewnej Judyty Ženi Lebl”
Authors: Taczyńska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Mother’s Memory — the Memory of Mother. About Ženi Lebl’s A Diary of JudithThe aim of this article is to rescue from oblivion a Ženi Lebl’s text A Dairy of Judith Dnevnik jedne Judite, 1990 and to attempt to capture and present the specifics of female narration about World War II and Holocaust in Yugoslavia. The analysis particularly accentuates war traumas as an important aspect of women’s identity in Yugoslavia, which demands discussion and reflection. Lebl perceives herself as an agent of memory, who feels re­sponsible not only for keeping the memory of the tragic past, but also for the way in which this memory is preserved. The author’s testimony written in Dnevnik…, the tale about a Jewish family Lebl, should be considered against the background of the particular political situation, the reality of Belgrade under occupation. On the one hand the narration that is passed on documents the fate of individual family members; on the other, the author by her own registered words speaks up for preserving the memory of Jewish victims of World War II in Serbia.Память матери — память о матери. O Дневнике одной Юдифи Жени ЛеблЦель данной статьи — воскрешение из забвения забытого текста Жени Лебл — Дневника одной Юдифи Dnevnik jedne Judite, 1990 — а также попытка определения и представления специфики женского нарратива о Второй мировой войне и уничтожении евреев в Югославии. При проведении анализа особое внимание уделяется проблеме травм войны как важного элемента женской идентичности в странах бывшей Югославии, о котором необходимо говорить и размышлять. Жени Лебл воспринимает себя как хранительницу памяти, которая чувствует ответственность не только за поддержание памяти о трагических событиях прошлого, но и за то, как увековечена эта память. Свидетельство автора в Дневнике…, повествовании об истории еврейской семьи Лебл, следует рассматривать в контексте конкретной политической ситуации, реалий оккупированного Белграда. С одной стороны, зафиксированный нарратив документирует судьбы отдельных членов семьи, с другой — посредством записанных слов автор сохраняет память о погибших во время Второй мировой войны в Сербии евреях.
Traumatic body, word, and otherness: Refugees and deportations in the 1940s Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Authors: Annus Epp
Published: March 2020

Traumatic body, word, and otherness: Refugees and deportations in the 1940s Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic This essay analyses some instances of Estonian life-writing in order to investigate the question of collective trauma in the Soviet-era Baltics, and especially in Estonia. I suggest that it is precisely the combina­tion of wounded body, word and otherness that forms the basis of collective, or national trauma. In working through or acting out the traumatic as a repetitive event, the affective charge in the wounded body will find its expression through the unconditional rejection of the Other. This intimate liaison between the negative affective charge that is experienced in the body and the Other that is figured in the imagination is disseminated in discursive form. The link between the national Other and one’s bodily vulnerability is established in a way that resists rationalization: for those who lived through the trauma of deportations, the Other becomes transfixed in a structure of trauma in a way that cannot be negotiated. Травматическое тело, слово и другое: беженцы и депортации в 1940-х годах в Эстонской Советской Социалистической РеспубликеВ статье анализируются некоторые примеры эстонских биографических писаний, чтобы исследовать вопрос о коллективной травме в странах Прибалтики в советскую эпоху, особенно в Эстонии. Полагается, что именно комбинация раненого тела, слова и другой при­роды составляет основу коллективной или национальной травмы. При работе или разыгры­вании травматического как повторяющегося события, эмоциональный заряд в раненом теле находит свое выражение через безусловное отклонение Другого. Эта интимная связь между от­рицательным аффективным зарядом, который испытывается в теле и Другoм, фигурирующим в воображении, распространяется в дискурсивной форме. Национальная связь с Другим и физиологической уязвимостью устанавливается таким образом, который не подлежит рацио нализации: для тех, кто пережил травму депортаций, Другое становится запертым в структуре травмы таким образом, что оно не обсуждается.
Postawa rolników z powiatu bolesławieckiego wobec środowiska przyrodniczego
Authors: Panciszko Barbara
Published: March 2020

Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań na temat postaw rol­ników z powiatu bolesławieckiego wobec środowiska naturalnego. W artykule scharakteryzowane zostało rolnictwo i walory przyrodnicze we wskazanym subregionie. Następnie przedstawiono wy­niki ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród rolników, która miała na celu określenie, w jakim stopniu czują się oni odpowiedzialni za stan środowiska przyrodniczego, czy podejmują działania na rzecz jego ochrony oraz czy oczekują za nie wynagrodzenia. Dodatkowo zaprezentowano zróżnicowanie opinii dotyczących wskazanych kwestii w zależności o wieku badanego oraz wielkości posiadanego przez niego gospodarstwa rolnego. Attitude of farmers from Bolesławiec County towards the natural environmentThe purpose of the study is to present the results of the survey among farmers in district of Bolesławiec. Its purpose was to examine the attitudes of farmers to the environment. Agriculture in the specified subregion was characterized and then there was presented its natural beauty. Subsequently there were presented the results of a survey of farmers, which had to determine whether they feel responsible for the state of the natural environment, and take action on its behalf, or whether there are waiting for compensation. There was indicated diversity of opinions among the three age categories, depending also on the size of the farm.
Quo Vadis Europe? Some thoughts on the European Union social policy
Authors: Dziewięcka-Bokun Ludmiła
Published: March 2020

The leading theme of the article revolves around the growing need for a new developmental paradigm that would help to rearrange social links towards more solidarity and responsibility for each other, for more empathy for the vulnerable members of European societies, fair access to basic necessities, for policy of social cohesion based on human dignity and human rights, for sustainable societal development. To put it briefly, we need to put the human being in the centre of interest of politicians. Without this the efficiency of the economy and the viability of the political system will be less than optimal. Quo vadis, Europo? Rozważania na temat polityki społecznej Unii EuropejskiejWiodącą tezą artykułu o wyzwaniach społecznych Unii Europejskiej jest twierdzenie o potrzebie sformułowania nowego paradygmatu rozwoju społecznego, który tworzyłby podstawy dla więzi społecznych opartych na większej solidarności, odpowiedzialności i na empatii społecznej, szczególnie wobec najsłabszych członków społeczeństw europejskich, na polityce zrównoważonego rozwoju społecznego, spójności społecznej i respektowania godności i praw człowieka. Krótko rzecz ujmując, Europie potrzebna jest nowa wspólna polityka społeczna, w której spójność i harmonijny rozwój społeczny tworzyć fundament będą efektywności ekonomicznej, sprawności europejskiego systemu politycznego i pokoju społecznego.
Teoretyczne założenia crowdfundingu oraz jego regulacje prawne w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce
Authors: Biela Michał
Published: March 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja założeń teoretycznych oraz praktycznej implementacji koncepcji alternatywnych źródeł finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów formalno-prawnych crowdfundingu. Artykuł składa się z trzech części: w pierwszej opisano założenia definicyjne i koncepcyjne crowdfundingu, w drugiej przedstawiono propozycję zmiany ram regulacyjnych finansowania społecznościowego, przygotowanych przez instytucje Unii Europejskiej, natomiast trzecia zawiera uregulowania prawne finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce. W artykule jako metodę badawczą zastosowano desk research, której implementacja umożliwiła analizę istniejącej literatury przedmiotu. Theoretical assumptions of crowdfunding and its legal regulations in the European Union and in PolandThe aim of this article is to present the theoretical assumptions and practical implementation of the concept of alternative sources of funding in Poland and in the European Union, with emphasis on the formal and legal aspects of crowdfunding. The article consists of three parts. The first part describes the definition and conceptual assumptions of crowdfunding. The second part presents a proposal to change the crowdfunding regulatory framework at the European Union level. The third part includes legal regulations for crowdfunding in Poland. In the article, desk research was used as a research method, the implementation of which enabled the analysis of the existing literature on the subject.
Dreigt werkelijk het einde van het Nederlands? Een discussiestuk
Authors: Engelbrecht Wilken
Published: March 2020

In this paper the problem of so-called ‘Polder Dutch’ and tendencies in modern Dutch to diverge from the official written language, commonly called ‘Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands’ Common Civilized Dutch are discussed in a reaction to the two scholars Jan Stroop and Joop van der Horst. The contribution focuses on the consequences for Dutch Studies abroad.
Condities op combineerbaarheid. Het geval van de bepaling van de gesteldheid en de PP
Authors: Pekelder Jan
Published: March 2020

Condities op combineerbaarheid. Het geval van de bepaling van de gesteldheid en de PPSecondary predicates are known to be hybrids. The secondary predicate warm in Jan eet die Hol­landse kroketjes warm is depending both on the VP predicate eet and on the NP die Hollandse kroketjes. It has also been indicated that a secondary predicate can be governed by some types of PP’s. Compare the direct object van die Hollandse kroketjes in Jan eet [van die Hollandse kroketjes] PP warm with the prepositional object van die Hollandse kroketjes in: *Jan eet [van die Hollandse kroketjes] PP warm. In the first sentence, ‘Jan’ eats an unlimited amount of ‘Dutch croquettes’, while what ‘Jan’ in the second sentence does is eating pieces of unlimited amount of ‘Dutch croquettes’. The difference between the acceptability of the two constructions tends to be analysed in two ways: 1. the first sentence is acceptable because the direct object is in fact not a PP but a NP, which is pre­ceded by a complex determinator van die or 2. the construction is acceptable because it contains a PP which refers to entities. The aim of this paper is to further support the second opinion.
A Physical and Numerical Based Model for Early Prediction of Landslides Using Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Rabie Khaled , Singh Vinay , Ansari Tariq , Singh T N
Published: March 2020

Landslides are a frequent and recurrent problem in hilly regions of India and predicting them is always a challenging task. In this paper, an attempt was made to deal with this problem using advanced physical and numerical modeling methods. Detailed understanding of the initial slope failures is very interesting, and challenging at the same time, in the design and development of wireless sensor network based on early warning of landslide monitoring. A small scale physical model was developed to assess the instability through a sensor network with variable rain fall intensity. This was achieved by increasing the simulated rain water flow intensity in different time spans (dry condition, at t=0 to t= 30 min, 0.5 mm/min at t=30 to t= 60 min, 0.75 mm/min at t=60 to t=91 min and 1 mm/min at t=91 to t= 120 min). The water level and movement in the slope was recorded by rainfall sensor, vibration sensor, soil moisture sensor and a digital camera. The following changes were observed during the slope failure: a) movement of small particles at top of the slope; b) initial failure of medium size soil particle; c) scouring of soil mass; d) whole slope collapse. The obtained results clearly indicated the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed system in providing a factor of safety for the progressive slope.
Evaluation of Sources and Ecological Risk of PAHs in Different Layers of Soil and Groundwater
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Nešković Markić Dragana , Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana
Published: March 2020

Research subjects of this study are four representative locations in the industrial complex, in the city of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (∑16PAHs), humus and pH were determined. The main objective of the paper is to determine the concentration levels, to assess the probable sources of PAHs contamination in soil and groundwater and to determine the ecological risk. The ∑16PAHs in soil (at depths of 30 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm, 300 cm and 400 cm) ranged from 0.99 to 2.24 mg/kg, from 0.34 to 0.46, from 0.24 to 0.32, from 0.13 to 0.27 and from 0.13 to 0.47, with mean values of 1.70 mg/kg, 0.40 mg/kg, 0.28 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 0.26 mg/kg, respectively. The ∑16PAHs in groundwater ranged from 0.23 to 4.50 mg/m3, with a mean value of 1.42 mg/m3. Surface soil and groundwater are heavily contaminated. All values of ∑PAHs in soil layers were lower in the depths of the soil. Factor analysis indicates three sources of contamination, i.e. principal component (PC) PC1 (pyrogenic), PC2 (petrogenic) and PC3 (biomass), with 52.39%, 26.14% and 8.46% of the total variance, respectively. ∑PAH and PAHs indicate high ecological risk for most PAHs, which decreases with soil depth.
Dynamics of Periodic Waves in a Neural Field Model
Authors: Bessonov Nikolai , Beuter Anne , Trofimchuk Sergei , Volpert Vitaly
Published: March 2020

Periodic travelling waves are observed in various brain activities including visual, motor, language, sleep, and so on. There are several neural field models describing periodic waves assuming nonlocal interaction and, possibly, inhibition, time delay, or some other properties. In this work we study the influence of asymmetric connectivity functions and of time delay on the emergence of periodic waves and on their properties. Nonlinear wave dynamics is studied, including modulated and aperiodic waves. Multiplicity of waves for the same values of parameters is observed. External stimulation in order to restore wave propagation in a damaged tissue is discussed.
The Effects of Temperature and Culture Medium Composition on Protein Recombinant JSU-pET Expression
Authors: Indriawati Indriawati , Volkandari Slamet Diah , Margawati Endang Tri
Published: March 2020

There are several factors influencing the protein expression. The study was aimed to increase the yield of protein recombinant JSU-pET by applying combination of temperature and medium culture composition. This research was composed in a 2x2 factorial design with two level temperatures of 37oC and 25oC and 2 medium compositions of LB and mLB (modified). Escherichia coli bearing JSU-pET plasmid were grown in two applied media and incubated in two applied temperatures. The cells were harvested by centrifugation the pellets were then lysed. The lysed cells were centrifuged, the supernatant then purified by Ni-NTA Resin Agarose. The purified JSU protein recombinant was characterized and quantified by spectrophotometer. The Result showed that the JSU protein recombinant was successfully expressed on the right size (37kDa) in all treatments even though the JSU-pET showed sharper band in m LB at 37oC. Statistically the protein yield was not significant different (P>0.05), however culture temperature of 25oC showed higher yield (0.618±0.095 vs 0.704±0.094) than cultured at 37oC (0.598±0.137 vs 0.553±0.041), respectively either cultured in LB or mLB. This finding suggests that a lower culture temperature could increase protein yield both either in LB or modified LB.