bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tablice taksacionih elemenata visokih šuma: jele, smrče, bukve, bijelog bora, crnog bora i hrasta kitnjaka na području Bosne
Authors: Matić Vasilije , Vukmirović Vladimir , Drinić Petar , Stojanović Ostoja
Published: February 2022

UDK 630*52(497.15)(083.5)

Radi iznalaženja taksacionih osnova za gazdovanje šumama u Bosni bivši Zavod za uređivanje šuma Šumarskog fakulteta u Sarajevu započeo je 1952. godine ispitivanja međusobne zavisnosti taksacionih elemenata u privredno važnijim kategorijama šuma. Terenski radovi su završeni koncem 1958, kada je započeto sa obradom prikupljenog materijala. Ona je završena u prvoj polovici 1962. godine u Institutu za šumarstvo i drvnu industriju, koji je u međuvremenu organizaciono ušao u sastav Šumarskog fakulteta.

Ispitivanjima su obuhvaćene:

šume jele, smrče i bukve,

šume bijelog bora,

šume crnog bora,

šume hrasta.

Radovima je rukovodio prof. Matić Vasilije.
Stanje šuma u SR Bosni i Hercegovini prema inventuri šuma na velikim površinama u 1964-1968.godini
Authors: Matić Vasilije , Drinić Petar , Stefanović Vitomir , Ćirić Milivoje , Beus Vladimir , Bozalo Grujo , Golić Svetozar , Hamzić Uzeir , Marković Ljubiša , Petrović Marko , Subotić Mirka , Talović Nusret , Travar Jovan
Published: February 2022

UDK 630*1/*5(497.6)"1964/1968"

Nema sumnje da "Inventura šuma na velikim površinama" provedena u periodu od 1964 -1968.godine, u naporima za osavremenjavanje šumskog govedarstva, predstavlja jednu od najznačajnijih akcija šumarstva u BiH u poslijeratnom periodu.

Dobijeni podaci Inventure dali su solidnu osnovu za bolje poznavanje šumskog fonda, čime su reljelnije i dokumentovano istaknuti mnogobrojni problemi gospodarenja u ovoj oblasti, a dobrim dijelom i osnove za njihovo rješavanje. Podaci Inventure posebno su ispoljili potrebu intenzivnijeg načina istraživačkog rada, odnosno neophodnost sinhronizovanih tokova naučnih dostignuća i praktičnog gospodarenja.

U prilog navedenim tvrdnjama treba reći da su rezultati dobijeni inventurom omogućili solidnu osnovu za izradu dugoročnog razvoja šumarstva kao i Srednjoročnog plana 1970 -1975.godine. Nedvojbeno se pokazalo da potrebne pokazatelje neophodnog kvaliteta za izradu navedenih planova razvoja nije bilo moguće dobiti s bilo koje druge sirane. Podaci Inventure dali su poseban kvalitet svima dosada izradjenim planovima razvoja.

Zato, gledano iz sadašnje situacije, kada tekuća praksa i naučno-istraživačke ustanove obilato koriste dobijene podatke, jasno se vidi koliko nisu bili u pravu oni koji su u ovaj poduhvat unositi sumnju i time otežavali ovu korisnu akciju.
Metodika izrade šumskoprivrednih osnova za šume u društvenoj svojini na području SR BiH
Authors: Matić Vasilije
Published: February 2022

UDK 630*2/*9(497.15)           

   

Gotovo u svim zemljama se donose uputstva za uredjivanje šuma kojim se, izmedju ostalog, reguliše način izrade šumskoprivrednih osnova. Najčešće se pišu na način koji je karakterističan za zvanična akta i daje im se obavezan karakter. Ona sukorisna, izmedju ostalog, po tome što nameću jednoobrazno prikazivanje stanja šuma, jednoobraznu izradu planova osnove itd. Ali mogu biti i štetna. Štetnost se ogleda u tome što mogu kočiti razvoj uredjivanja šuma na bazi tekovina nauke, uglavnom zbog toga što nije moguće na vrijeme preradjivati uputstva u tom smislu. To se naročito dogadja u doba velikih previranja. A takva situacija se kod nas javila u posljeratnom periodu, zbog čega u tom periodu ona nisu donesena, iako su uputstva za uredjivanje šuma iz 1931. i 1937. godine bila zastarjela.

Velika previranja su povukla za sobom, izmedju ostalog, uskladjivanje sistema planiranja (i odgovarajućeg snimanja) u okviru uredjivanja šuma sa općim sistemom planiranja u privredi, primjenu matematičko-statističkih metoda prilikom taksacionih snima-nja i primjenu tekovina tipologije šuma u klasifikaciji šuma. Previranja su smanjena, ali još nisu prestala. Zbog toga smatramo da još nije došlo vrijeme kada bi se mogla izradjivati uputstva za uredjivanje šuma navedenog karaktera.

Zasad je moguće, kada je u pitanju šumskoprivredna osnova, razradjivati metodiku njene izrade, ali s tim da ona ne bude obavezna nego da ima karakter preporuke. U odnosu na situaciju koja bi se javila kada bi joj se dao obavezan karakter,ostvariće se dvije značajne koristi. Prvo, projektanti će prilikom izrade šumskoprivredne osnove moći izbjeći primjenu onih preporučenih metoda rada koje se u praksi pokažu kao nesvrsishodne. I, drugo, što će biti omogućeno stručnjacima u praksi da, vršeći svoju suštinsku funkciju (visokokvalifikovanog stručnjaka), na posredan način uzmu učešća u daljnjoj razradi i usavršavanju metodike rada.

Prema tome, ovaj rad treba shvatiti kao prvu fazu u razradi metodike izrade šumskoprivredne osnove za šume u društvenoj svojini. Tome je saobražen i način njegove izrade; budući da se mnogi od predloga mogu prihvatiti kao hipotetični, moralo se pribjeći obrazlaganju predloga, pa se nije metodika mogla pisati na način na koji se obično pišu uputstva za uredjivanje šuma. Primijenjeni način obrade je dogovoren sa predstavnikom "Šipada" (Stanišić Zdravko/ dipl. inž.).

Ova metodika izrade šumskoprivredne osnove za šume u društvenoj svojini ima privremen karakter i pretrpiće znatne izmjene u narednom periodu. Tu mislimo u prvom redu na klasifikaciju šuma.
Tipovi šuma smrče i bijelog bora, jele i smrče i smrče u Bosni
Authors: Stefanović Vitomir , Beus Vladimir , Bozalo Grujo , Pavlič Janez , Vukorep Ivan
Published: February 2022

UDK 581.55:582.475](497.15) 

Tipološka klasifikacija šuma smrče i bijelog bora, jele i smrče je nastavak radova na ekološko-proizvodnoj klasifikaciji šuma u Bosni i Hercegovini prema koncepcijama izloženim u jednom od prvih radova ove vrste kod nas (Ći r i ć  et al., 1971). Rezultati ovih istraživanja namijenjeni su, kao i dosadašnji prije svega, šumarskoj praksi i racionalnijem korištenju šumskih potencijala Bosne i Hercegovine.

Rad predstavlja sintezu fitocenoloških, pedoloških, šumsko-meliorativnih i taksacionih istraživanja. Poglavlje o vegetaciji obradili su STEFANOVIĆ V. i BEUS V., o zemljištima VUKOREP I., o taksacionim elementima PAVLIĆ J. i B0ZALO G., a ostala poglavlja u radu autori su obradili zajedno. U radu su korišteni, pored podataka naših terenskih istraživanja, i podaci iz prikupljenog materijala Inventure šuma na velikim površinama u Bosni i Hercegovini (M a t i ć  et al., 1971).

Izradu rada finansirali su Republička zajednica za naučni rad i šumarski fakultet u Sarajevu, na čemu im izražavamo zahvalnost. Takodje se zahvaljujemo i OOUR "Silva" institutu za istraživanje i projektovanje u šumarstvu na ustupljenom materijalu terenskih snimanja Inventure šuma, koji smo koristili u ovom radu.
Promjene svojstava zemljišta i kruženje materije poslije primjene golih sječa u šumama bukve i jele sa smrčom
Authors: Burlica Čedomir , Beus Vladimir , Stefanović Vitomir , Vukorep Ivan , Manuševa Loti , Živadinović Jelena , Cvijović Milutin
Published: February 2022

UDK  630*114:630*22(497.6)         

Svako gazdovanje šumama ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke, pa su zato u praksi prisutni pobornici i protivnici pojedinih načina gazdovanja. Takav je slučaj i sa primjenom "skupinasto-golih sječa", kada su u pitanju posljedice koje ovaj vid sječa izaziva u kruženju materija i svojstvima zemljišta i staništa u cjelini.

Primjena "skupinasto-golih sječa" u savremenom gazdovanju šumama postaje sve aktuelnija iz dva razloga:

Koncentracijom sječa postiže se veća produktivnost rada i ekonomski efekti;

Ovim načinom se radikalnije popravlja relativno nepovoljno stanje šumskog fonda.

Medjutim, primjena ovih sječa, iz opravdanih razloga (opasnost od erozije, opasnosti vjetroizvala, promjena fitoklimata.zakorovljavanja, zatravijivanja i drugo), izaziva u jednom krugu šumarskih stručnjaka suprostavljanje bez obzira o kojim se stanišnim uslovima radi. Da bi se utvrdile promjene staništa i dobili pouzdaniji podaci o djelovanju golih sječa izvršena su stacionarna istraživanja u tipu šume bukve i jele sa smrčom iznad verfenskih sedimenata na distričnom kambisolu (kiselom smedjem zemljištu) na Zvijezdi planini.

Za istraživanje ovakvog karaktera ni u svijetu nema mnogo podataka, iako su multidisciplinarna istraživanja dosta česta i veći nom su stacionarna, na primjer u okviru projekata :"čovjek i biosfera", "Internacionalni biološki program" i drugi. S obzirom na finansijske i tehničke mogućnosti u nas još uvijek ne postoje uslovi za realizaciju većih projekata i zato naši rezultati istraživanja imaju ograničen karakter. U njima su obuhvaćeni oni parametri šumskih staništa koji se mogu pratiti jednostavnijim metodama u relativno ograničenom obimu i vremenskom periodu. Za potpunija istraživanja ove vrste nužan je znatno duži period osmatranja i veći broj objekata ispitivanja.

I pored svih naznačenih ograničenja provedenih istraživanja, ovaj rad ima poseban značaj u uslovima šumarstva Bosne i Hercegovine pa i šire, jer u izvjesnom smislu predstavlja pionirski poduhvat ove vrste.
SOILS WITHIN THE POST-2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
Authors: Montanarella Luca
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.4:502.1

Soils are considered across the Rio Conventions and while some advances have been made in the past two decades, implementation remains lacking and soil-related issues persist. This calls for a more integrated approach for the implementation of the Conventions. Similarly, soils will play a key role to achieve the post-2015 development agenda and can be found across the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This cross-cutting role is not being sufficiently acknowledged in the negotiations. Putting soils on the policy agenda will depend on a major shift in the discussion to recognize that soils underpin a wide range of services and should, therefore, be protected for future generations. Concerted efforts for advocacy within the post-2015 development agenda need to focus on keeping soils on the agenda and on making proposals for the effective implementation and monitoring of the SDGs.
SOIL RELATED REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EXTREME HYDROLOGICAL SITUATIONS (FLOODS, WATERLOGGING – DROUGHTS)
Authors: Varallyay György
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.432.2(439 Carpathian Basin)

The most important elements of sustainable development in the Carpathian Basin are the rational use and conservation of soil and water resources, maintaining their favourable “quality” and desirable multi-functionality. These are the main factors of multipurpose biomass production and environment protection: may help to prevent, eliminate or reduce extreme moisture situations (floods, waterlogging vs. droughts), unfavourable soil degradation processes limiting soil fertility/productivity, and their harmful economical/ecological/environmental/social consequences [9, 11, 14, 16].
SPECIFIC ROLES OF SOIL IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF NERETVA AND TREBIŠNJICA RIVER BASIN
Authors: Bašić Ferdo , Herceg Nevenko , Bilandžija Darija , Šljivić Ana
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.4(497.6)

The diversity of soils and climate in the Neretva and Trebišnjica River Basin spreads from the lower, higher, high to very high zone over 2,000 meters above sea level. The most important agricultural land is in river valleys and karst poljes of belonging zones. Ameliorative systems are mostly out of function while actual systems are comprised of very intensive farming; vegetable growing, modern fruit plantations on the open field and protected areas (greenhouses), but also of the low-intensity farming system in a mountainous area. The current climate changes obviously are not a temporary phenomenon, but are a specific one; there are no more “dry” or “rainy years” as it was in the past -now we have both in the same year. In spring, the soil needs quick and efficient drainage of the sufficient water by drainage system, but in dry – vegetation period, compensation of water deficiency by irrigation is needed. Therefore, today's generation of decision-makers and users of soil as a public treasure cannot avoid the question as to which soil/land areas and at which way to focus investments. We propose the construction of multi-purpose water accumulation, to collect (excess) precipitation in autumn-winter season for irrigation in dry summer vegetation period, but it is necessary to focus land management on (pedo) biological properties and activity.
MULTI-PURPOSE EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Ćorić Radica , Bogunović Matko , Husnjak Stjepan , Čustović Hamid , Šaravanja Paulina , Sefo Elma , Lasić Viktor , Kajić Nikolina , Ivanković Stanko
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.4(497.6)

Multi-purpose land evaluation is a method of assessing the quality and value of the land in the service planning and land management, and is the fundamental basis for the development and optimum use of land in general. The subject of the study was evaluation of multi-purpose suitability of land for agricultural use was made according to the Regulations on the uniform methodology for the classification of agricultural land in the class (Official Gazette of the Federation of B&H, No. 43/11), using FAO assessment methodology (FAO, 1976; Brinkman and Smyth, 1973). Based on the results of research was created a database and map of suitability of agricultural land for growing different plants in agriculture vegetable (gardening); arable farming (annual crops); fruits (fruits growing); wine-growing (viticulture) and grassland (pastures and meadows). It was determined the priority of agricultural use as well as dedicated map (1:200 000), which shows the distribution of 36 recommended agricultural and economic programs in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was found that the largest area of 429,685.4 ha or 40.45% of agricultural land in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is suitable for agricultural economic program of grassland. Follow the other agricultural economic programs: fruits-grassland 123,996.4 ha or 11.67%; then fruits-vegetable-annual crops with an area of 89,384.7 ha (8.41%) and grassland-fruits-vegetable occupying 66.562 ha or 6,26% and grassland-vegetable-annual crops with an area 62,136.3 ha (5.85%). Other agricultural economic programs individually occupy an area of less than 4% of land. We believe that the information obtained through this project contribute to the overall development of agriculture in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in terms of creating a proper and balanced concept as part of sustainable land management and reasonable land use policy.
LAND CAPABILITY STUDY AND MAP IN FUNCTION OF LAND PROTECTION, SPATIAL PLANNING AND AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONING
Authors: Ljuša Melisa , Čustović Hamid , Cero Mehmed
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.164(497.6)

The main act to consider the value of land from the perspective of various sectors and their needs (urban planning, agriculture etc.) in the Federation of B&H is the Decree on unique methodology for preparation of the spatial planning documents (Official Gazette of the Federation of B&H, No. 63/04 and No. 50/07), which prescribes the obligation of making the Land capability study as a segment of spatial basis. Land capability study projects are being implemented by the Institute of Soil, Agro chemistry and Melioration (PAM) of the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences University of Sarajevo. By using defined soil bonity categories, land capability study defines the natural potential of soils in terms of agricultural production and food production, and defines the zones for various land use types. From the rational land use point of view, it means adequate spatial planning, urban development and environmental protection. This paper aims to present the importance, characteristics as well as use of the Land capability study at the municipality level using municipalities of Tuzla Canton as example. Agricultural areas of on the territory of five municipalities in Tuzla Canton (Gradacac, Gracanica, Kalesija, Zivinice, Sapna) account for 44,356.1 ha or 42.6% of the total area. Represented in these areas are soil bonity categories that range from II to VII. The first four bonity categories that are determined exclusively as agricultural land account for 28,739.91 ha or 63.1% of the total area. Within this group, the most represented is the IVb category with 17,229.8 ha. The best quality bonity categories II and III account for 7,514.3 ha or 16.5% of the total area. Analysis of the orthophoto images has identified a significant dynamics of change in space in the period 2008-2012 in four municipalities (Gradacac, Kalesija, Zivinice, Gracanica). Analysis has established that artificial areas (developed) increased by 737 ha, agricultural areas without orchards decreased by 1,136.72 ha, while the areas under orchards increased by 283.13 ha. The largest expansion of developed areas and settlements was recorded within the bonity categories IVb (47% of the total change) and III (27%).
ASSESSMENT OF Cu, Fe AND Zn CONTAMINATION IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS AROUND THE MEFTAH CEMENT PLANT, ALGERIA
Authors: Laribi Abdelkader , Saidani Nabila
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.453:666.94(65)

An attempt was made to investigate the concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn in agricultural soils around the Meftah cement plant, Algeria. Forty soil samples were collected at two soil depths, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. The soil samples were digested with the EPA method and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations ranged from 7.22 to 55.75 mg kg-1 for Cu, 16160.8 to 19742.2 mg kg-1for Fe and 44.46 to 200.26 mg kg-1for Zn. The magnitude of the mean concentration values indicated the following order: Fe >> Zn > Cu for both horizons. In accordance with the European guidelines, the mean concentrations of the analyzed metals did not exceed the threshold values for agricultural soils. Concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn in surface soils were higher than in subsurface soil samples. The enrichment factor (EF) was applied to assess the soil contamination. The enrichment factor values of Cu and Zn in studied soils ranged from 0.75 to 5.03 and 1.79 to 6.68, respectively. Up to 75% and 5% of soil samples were moderately to highly contaminate with regard to Zn and Cu respectively, compared to the upper continental crust concentrations.
EDUCATION ON WORLD REFERENCE BASE FOR SOIL RESOURCES (WRB) - EXAMPLE OF GOOD PRACTICE
Authors: Omanović Alina
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.44:37

The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) research work started back in 1980. under the program named International Reference Base for Soil Classification (IRB). World Reference Base for Soil Resources was established in 1998., and its design provide easier communication between scientists to whom soil systematic is primary area of research. International Field Course of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, held in Gödöllő, Hungary, from 01st to 05th of September, 2015.was organized to celebrate the International Soil Year. Soil Judging Contest of WRB was organized during the course. Students from Bosnia and Herzegovina, primarily students of Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo and Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka attended the course. The above mentioned course and the contest were unique opportunity for students, young scientists and experts as well as those who have been already involved or interested in identification and characterization of the basic soil types all around the world to share information and experience. The unique field study program provided an opportunity to participants to gain new knowledge on Anthrosols, Calcisols, Chernozems, Kastanozems, Phaeozems, Gleysols, Luvisols, Solonetz and Vertisols in accordance to the World Reference Base for Soil Resource. Importance of the continuation of good practices and implementation of this type of field learning about WRB classification is crucial not only at the global level, but also at the regional one. This paper aims to stress the importance of education about WRB classification in order to improve and adapt the national classification system, importance of applied soil science in society in general and to increase the communication with other related disciplines globally.
HE AGRICULTURAL LAND SUITABILITY AND AGROECOLOGICAL ZONING AS THE MAIN FACTORS FOR RURAL SPATIAL PLANNING IN KOSOVO
Authors: Sharku Afrim , Posfai Marianna , Gërmizaj Valon , Sallaku Fatbardh
Published: February 2022

UDK 631.164(497.115)

The soil is an important non-renewable resource that is vital to human life. It supports terrestrial ecosystems such as biodiversity, fresh air and water, food security, cultural heritage and the built environment, representing a natural and an economical asset of a country. Appropriate scientific information is crucial for sustainable soil management by local, national and regional governing institutions. Productive land is a critical resource for food and biomass production. In a broader sense land resources, management is the implementation of land use planning, as agreed between and with the direct participation of stakeholders. It is achieved through political decisions; legal, administrative and institutional execution; demarcation on the ground; inspection and control of adherence to the decisions; solving of land tenure issues; settling of water rights; issuing of concessions for plant and animal extraction (timber, fuel wood, charcoal and peat, non-wood products, hunting); promotion of the role of women and other disadvantaged groups in agriculture and rural development in the area, and the safeguarding of traditional rights of early indigenous peoples. Land suitability categorization and the agro-ecological zoning are of essential importance for the decision making for justified developments in many policy areas including agriculture and spatial planning.
Konseling Pastoral bagi Remaja Korban Kekerasan Fisik pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sibarani Yosua
Published: February 2022

Kasus kekerasan terhadap anak tergolong meningkat pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ini. Di antara kekerasan yang terjadi seperti kekerasan fisik, psikis, dan seksual; kekerasan fisik berada pada posisi pertama dalam urutannya. Kekerasan fisik yang dialami oleh remaja mempengaruhi perilaku dalam interaksi sosialnya. Tidak hanya itu, kekerasan tersebut juga memberi dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan mental remaja. Oleh sebab itu, remaja memerlukan pendampingan konseling pastoral yang efektif dari gereja. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menjelaskan prinsip konseling pastoral bagi remaja korban kekerasan fisik pada masa pandemi. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Berdasarkan metode tersebut, maka penelitian ini menemukan hasil bahwa gereja mendapat anugerah dari Allah untuk menyatakan kasih Tuhan Yesus Kristus melalui konseling pastoral bagi remaja yang menjadi korban kekerasan fisik. Konseling pastoral bagi remaja korban kekerasan fisik meliputi: membangun hubungan dengan konseli, meyakinkan konseli butuh pertolongan, membawa konseli pada pertobatan, mendengarkan konseli, mengidentifikasi masalah dan mencari solusi, pemulihan, pengampunan, dan pemuridan.
Determinantes da Variação do Emprego dos Jovens Brasileiros: Uma Análise de Decomposição Estrutural para 2002–2015
Authors: Catelan Davi Winder , Souza Kênia Barreiro de , Vale Vinicius de Almeida
Published: February 2022

Entre 2002 e 2015, o número de jovens ocupados diminuiu 19,98% enquanto o número de adultos ocupados aumentou 34,18%. O descompasso entre essas duas taxas está relacionado a um conjunto de fatores como o ciclo econômico, níveis de qualificação e decisões individuais de participação no mercado de trabalho. Além disso, variações na composição da demanda final e na utilização setorial de trabalho podem explicar a queda no emprego dos jovens, ponto vagamente explorado na literatura. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo examina as causas da variação do emprego dos jovens brasileiros utilizando uma Análise de Decomposição Estrutural. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as matrizes de insumo-produto estimadas a partir dos dados das Contas Nacionais e microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios para o período 2002-2015. Os resultados mostraram que os principais fatores explicativos da redução ocupacional de jovens no período foram a queda na participação relativa dos jovens, o aumento na produtividade geral do trabalho e a redução no grau de utilização da mão de obra juvenil. Por outro lado, os componentes da demanda final contribuíram positivamente para a variação do emprego desse grupo. O avanço no consumo das famílias foi responsável pela maior parte da criação de empregos para os jovens, seguido, em importância, pelo investimento, exportações e consumo do governo.
Probe into the Methods of Flight Training Based on Special Flight Environment
Authors: Xin ZHAO , Yan LI , Li DING , LuDan Zhang , WenBo Zhang , ZhaoWei Zhu
Published: February 2022

With the changing nature of modern warfare, warfighters have to equip with agile fighting skills and robust psychological qualities. Only by staying calm and being unruffled when facing complicated circumstances, can they give full play to the skills learned during training or save the plane in emergencies. This article is against such background to probe into the methods of flight training based on special flight environment. 10 participants were selected in this experiment. The FSX was used and a retired FT-6 was adapted as the cockpit, the training scheme had been set out. With respect to three certain special flight environments, tasks scenes had been selected from FSX. Meanwhile, the heart rate amplitude was recorded, and the scales of state anxiety conducted before and after training were investigated. By analyzing the 10 subjects' physiological and psychological data, the conclusions had been drawn as follows: (a) the effects of training reflected more on the relief of the psychological anxiety; (b) a decline in psychological levels of anxiety had more effect on task-performing efficiency; (c) in the special fight environment, a certain degree of physiological arousal combined with a decline of anxiety had made the participants complete the tasks more successfully.
Physical Strength and Hand Dimensions of a Population Sample: Results and Differences in Age and Gender
Authors: Klussmann André , Mühlemeyer Christoph , Serafin Patrick , Levchuk Inna , Lang Karl-Heinz , Gebhardt Hansjürgen
Published: February 2022

Anthropometric data and data about hand force could be a very important assistance for the ergonomic design of products, such as hand tools, machines etc. The aim of this study is to collect data about hand force and dimensions of the hand-arm-system of a representative sample of the population in Germany. The maximal isometric force and hand dimensions were determined among 1,214 participants (432 females, 782 males). The cases taken into account in force measurements include pulling strength, gripping strength and torque strength.
Physical Stress and Disorders of the Hand-Arm System at Construction Workers
Authors: Hartmann Bernd
Published: February 2022

Occupational medical preventive health examinations of the upper extremities of workers in the construction industry should represent findings and their relationship to occupations and physical stress. The age-, load-and job-related evaluation of results is a cross-sectional study from screening tests to 103.913 (1991-1999) and 108.963 (1994-2003) predominantly male employees.Occupational physicians determine abnormal medical findings at the shoulder joints in men 2.6% / 1.6% in women, elbow joints 1.5% / 1.0% and wrists 0.8% / 0.7% as well as the finger joints 1,2% / 0.6%. All findings steady increase in age. At the shoulders are scaffolders, glaziers / window installers and carpenters with 3.5, 2.9 and 2.5% on the highest level. At the elbows stove builder, pavers and plasterer (2.1, 2.1 and 2.0%) have highest rates of findings. Both regions show dominance at the right site over left. Findings in wrists are most common in concrete block manufacturers, crane operators and glaziers (2.9% / 1.5% / 1.3%). Shoulder joint disorders are the most common problem and highly specific to age. There is evidence for the influence of occupational stress on the elbow joints. Forced postures and vibration loads are the most common causes. Also repetitive strain must be considered as risk factor.
Trends in Management of Risks Associated to Biomechanical Overload Based on New ISO Technical Report
Authors: Occhipinti Enrico , Colombini Daniela
Published: February 2022

When studying WMSDs, several risk factors of different nature (mechanical, organizational, psychosocial, individual) are considered to be significant in general models of risk assessment and management and for epidemiologic purposes. As a consequence an “holistic” approach to their prevention was confirmed specially at international and national level when planning guidelines and interventions. On the other side there is a strong request, from OSH agencies and operators, for developing “simple” tools for risk assessment and management. ISO technical standard on “Ergonomics and Biomechanics” adopt a general approach to risk assessment and management according to four basic steps: hazard identification; risk estimation; detailed risk evaluation; risk reduction. ISO has defined a number of technical standards in the field of “physical ergonomics” regarding working postures, load manual handling, repetitive manual work (ISO 11226 and 11228 series) that in some manner take into account the contemporary presence of several risk factors. As a reaction to request from many practitioners, ISO has now completed a special application document (ISO TR 12295) to better clarify application procedures of the methods reported in such standards.
Medicine Slips Prevention for Patient Safety
Authors: Lu Chih-Wei
Published: February 2022

The medicine deliver effect patient safety and prescription processes are always very important in the hospital. In Taiwan, the numbers of medicine event were 5960 (in 2008) and 9148 (in 2006). The trend of medicine events is increased, so medicine slips prevention is seriously. In this study, we analysis of factors medicine slips then by improving the environment of operating interface to prevent medicine events. Currently, the hospital into the computerized operations situation, deliver medicine correctly is an important part of patient safety, so human-computer interface design such as the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system, with pop-ups, colors warning to remind staff s of hospitals to avoid the use of to allergy medications and repeated medicine, the errors of medicine name input, as well as the error of using wrong dose to reduce events of human error and decrease the medication slips and promote patient safety.
Effects of Different Surfaces on Biomechanical Loading of the Upper Extremities While Handling Wheelbarrows
Authors: Lin Yen-Hui
Published: February 2022

This study examines the effects of ground surfaces, gross weight loaded, and wheelbarrows on muscular activities, hand force, and subject-perceived exertions while pushing a construction trolley in a straight line on a horizontal surface. Twelve subjects pushed the trolleys on three different surfaces: asphalt pavement, paving gravel, and grass. Gross weight when loaded was 45, 75, and 105 kg, and two construction trolleys (a one-wheeled barrow and two-wheeled barrow) were used in this experiment. Experimental results show that gross weight loaded significantly affected muscular activities, hand force, and subject-perceived exertion while pushing construction trolleys. Additionally, different ground surfaces and wheelbarrow type also affected the muscular activities of the dominant hand; grass generated the highest muscle load and asphalt pavement generated the smallest muscle load. Muscular activity increased significantly in dominant hand with the one-wheeled barrow when compared with the two-wheeled barrow, suggesting that, in terms of muscle loads, the two-wheeled barrow is better than the one-wheeled barrow.
Investigating the Enhancement of Stereoscopic Displays to Parking Performance
Authors: Chen An-Che , Chen Chien-Chih
Published: February 2022

To ensure the safety and performance in parking, equipping LCD visual displays of rear view imaging have become popular for modern automobiles. Existing technology often uses plain 2D display for such imaging system but the sense of depth, that is naturally perceived by bare eyes with stereoscopic visions and known to be a crucial piece of information in driving, is absent through such conventional displays. Our study aims to investigate the enhancement in parking performance by providing 3D (or stereoscopic) imaging of the primary rear view display. Research data were collected through the experiments of reverse/backward parking tasks with various types of physical obstacles and camera angles, tested by experienced drivers. Identical set of experiment conditions were instrumented both in 3D and 2D displays for comparison. Performance data, such as clearance to obstacle, task completion time, and parking deviation, as well as the subjective data in evaluating the advantages and disadvantages by providing 3D imaging were both recorded and cross-referenced. Generally speaking, our study does not find much significant advantages in stereoscopic imaging for the driving performance of reverse/backward parking. The subjective measures, however, did suggest the advantages of stereoscopic displays, especially in clearance estimation.
Quantitative Assessment of Computer Inputs and Musculoskeletal Complaints among Three Workgroups
Authors: Chena Hsieh-Ching , Chena Yu-Wen , Liub Yung-Ping , Pan Yi-Tsong
Published: February 2022

Musculoskeletal disorders associated with computer use are closely related to the level of computer exposure. Various studies have been conducted for recording and evaluating long-term use of mouse and keyboard in computer workers. However, keyboard exposure is distributed over two hands and different fingers and mouse workload is mainly borne by the dominant hand which is with significantly higher musculoskeletal risk. This study utilizes an external logger for onsite measurements of computer activities in three professional groups over 6 months. All subjects include twelve university administrators, eight computer-aided design (CAD) draftsmen, and eight software programmers. Individual participant’s typing pattern was determined by a novel hardware and software developed in this study to separate keyboarding workload in the dominant hand from that in the nondominant hand. Each participant’s daily computer exposures, number of keystroke typing and mouse clicking, in one’s dominant and nondominant hand were then predicted by individual typing pattern and the logged computer activities. Estimated computer exposures of participants’ dominant and nondominant hand were then correlated with the musculoskeletal complaints collected by a questionnaire of body part discomfort rating. Regression analysis show participants’ average daily computer exposure was only moderately correlated with their hand discomfort. Research finding suggests computer associated discomfort may be affected by factors other than keyboard and mouse exposures.
Cell Phone Conversations with Hands-Free Devices Interfering with Cognition of Visual Information while Driving
Authors: Takano Akihide , Nishiguchi Hiromi , Karashima Mitsuhiko
Published: February 2022

Hands-free devices do not shift the line of vision from the road to a cell phone and limit the person driving. So, the use of hands-free devices while driving is permitted by law. However, it is conceivable that even the interaction with auditory information interferes with cognition of the visual information because the limited capacities of attention resources. Thus, this research discusses whether auditory information interactions interfere with cognition of visual information. In this research, the dual task method was carried out. This research obtained the reaction times and the frequency of oversight of signals from the primary task and the information by means of the NASA-TLX as the subjective evaluations. These data indicated that delays in reaction to signals, increases in oversight of signals, and so on were caused by the secondary task. Thus, it was suggested that cognition of visual information was disturbed by the auditory information interaction. Therefore, the use of a cell phone with a hands-free device interferes with driving.
Study on Safe Activity Activation Based on the Attitude Survey About the Safe Activity of the Employee
Authors: Oikawa Takahiro , Okada Yusaku
Published: February 2022

The manager must review whether there is not activity developing whether an employee can feel a merit to oneself for current security activity without an employee understanding. Therefore the manager clarifies what kind of thought an employee has for safe activity carrying out now, and it is necessary for dissatisfaction and understanding to grasp whether there is an insufficient point concretely where. And a manager shows the guidance so that activity keeps canceling them smoothly, and it is important that an employee carries it out.Therefore, in this study, I perform the safe attitude survey to an employee and clarify a thought, consciousness for the safe activity of the employee. And I plan activation of the safe activity based on it. For example, I suggest the action guidance that aimed to improvement of the quality of the example that felt a chill and at understanding to safe activity and the improvement of the will. I grasp it about the consciousness in the depths of the employee who is not cooperative with the basic problem and activity that are not seen only in one investigation versatilely by carrying out plural attitude surveys, and putting the result together and allow you to show the action guidance that met the present conditions more on this occasion. (see Figure 1 )Figure 1 Image of the action guidance choice process
The Ergonomics of Interactive and Stereoscopic 3D Product Models for Design Education
Authors: Chen a Li-Chieh , Chu a Po-Ying , Cheng b Yun-Maw
Published: February 2022

Recently, some research groups had tried to use the technologies of stereoscopic 3D displays to present teaching materials for product design education. However, the issue of visual discomfort for viewing stereoscopic 3D contents was not considered. To conduct experiments, representative 3D virtual models of office furniture were constructed with simple shapes and textures. These models were displayed on a 50-inch stereoscopic 3D TV and viewed through passive polarizing glasses. The task was to walk through a virtual office and identify the design problems of furniture. Thirty students, majored in Industrial Design, were invited to participate in these experiments. The number of design problems identified was considered as the major performance measure. In addition, total time spent in stereoscopic 3D mode or traditional 3D mode, degree of discomfort, and self-reported symptoms were collected. The result showed that although stereoscopic 3D images had advantages over traditional 3D images for the task of dimension and distance estimations, the degree of visual discomfort increased significantly while the participants were interacting with the virtual product components intensively. The result indicated that adaptive adjustments of binocular and monocular depth cues were necessary for highly interactive tasks to ensure visual comfort and depth cue integration.
Diskursivität. Zur logischen Erklärung der Hermeneutik Ricoeurs
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: February 2022

This article explores the logical dimensions of Ricoeur’s definition of Discursivity. This is a key aspect for understanding not only the general meaning of Hermeneutics, but also the particular relevance of the concept in the author’s practical philosophy. Ricoeur developed his theory of Discourse after introducing a semiologic turn to his Phenomenological work. Discourse is not reduced to immediate (dialogical) communication, even though it begins with it. Taken as a principle of discursive historicity, text plays a major role in the constitution of this theory – it is considered as a model for detachment in communication. Ricoeur distinguishes different levels of meaning (word, sentence, text, culture) and separates three discursive dimensions, irreducible to one another: Rhetorics, Poetics and Hermeneutics. At this point, the article should explain the role of Hermeneutics, particularly when compared to the other two disciplines. The article will conclude by underlining the role of Reflexivity and the analogical unity of Discursivity.
Les paradoxes de la fréquence
Authors: Sylvain Loiseau Sylvain
Published: February 2022

This article is an enquiry (mostly doxographic) about the role of the frequency in linguistic description. Frequency is mostly seen as the object of quantitative methods, but it may also be intuitive and, sometimes, it is a purely abstract argument. Under these different forms it is an ubiquitous notion in linguistics, used by linguists of almost all theoretical persuations and in almost all fields of the discipline, but it is rarely regarded as a central concept of linguistics. Taking into account this diversity of the usages of the frequency, this article tries to investigate the paradoxical status of frequency, both ubiquitous and weakly elaborated. Two theoretical frameworks may be of particular interest for a general account of the frequency dimension of the linguistic phenomena: the Coserian framework (and its concept of norm), and the usage-based view of grammar developped in a cognitive perspective. These two frameworks gound frequency respectively in the historicity of the language use and in the universality of the cognitive processing.
Aproximación histórica a la reformulación lingüística de la paráfrasis como un caso de sinonimia sintagmática
Authors: Penas Ibáñez María Azucena , Abad Serna Silvia
Published: February 2022

In the present work we study the paraphrastic reformulation, its different kinds and its evolution in Spanish language. The research is theorical and practical, because we offer a theoretical study of paraphrase from diverse doctrines and a practical application to analysis of examples taken from three known corpus: CREA, CORDE and DAVIES. We consider that there isn ́t yet a satisfactory linguistic theory about the paraphrastic reformulation according to syntactic-semantic and pragmatic integrative point of view. Therefore, this paper tries to find some revealing data for the paraphrase, through an interdisciplinar semiotic analysis of the selected examples.
La realidad absoluta de las categorías
Authors: Martínez del Castillo Jesús
Published: February 2022

The debate about categories has been in the Western Civilization since Aristotle formulated his organon or set of procedures to study things. In the European tradition categories have prompted different problems: the problem of their nature, with different solutions; the problem of their number (some say it is indefinite and some it is restricted to ten); the criterium in accordance with which they have been created; and finally as the result of the different modes of knowing. In this article the problem of reality of categories is to be posed, separating in it many aspects, one of which constitute the absolute reality of categories. In this sense our study is hermeneutics, the hermeneutics of categories.
Análisis contrastivo. La dialéctica de la igualdad y la diferencia
Authors: Iturrioz Leza José Luis
Published: February 2022

The contrastive method compares two or more elements, categories or structures within the same language or interlinguistically, identifying similarities and differences to establish complementarity relationships as a basis for their integration into more comprehensive and abstract schemes that account for the functional constancy in the structural variation. In the history of linguistics a model based on a particular language has often been used to describe the structure of other languages. The same has happened in the ontogenetic and pedagogical domains. The contrastive analysis helps to lay the foundations for an off-centered description that reconciles structural variation with functional constancy. The results of the contrastive analysis must be the basis of typology, and at the universalistic level typological variation must be integrated into more general schemes called operations. The four descriptive levels interact in a inductive deductive circle, forming an integrated program.
Propuesta de interacción entre el verbo y la preposición en la codificación de los eventos de desplazamiento. Estudio contrastivo entre el español y el chino mandarín
Authors: Penas Ibáñez María Azucena , Zhang Tao
Published: February 2022

Spanish and Mandarin Chinese have been classified as verb-framed language and satellite-framed language respectively (Talmy: 1991, 2000). However, in Spanish, manner verbs are compatible with hacia and hasta, and a small group of them can do so with a. The typological discussion on Mandarin Chinese focuses on the serial verb construction of “manner verb + path word”, in which the second constituent lacking morphological variation can also function independently as path verb. To try to shed light on these discussions, we propose that the core scheme —the directional path— of the motion event is generated through the interaction between the verb and the preposition, in which the manner verb with external movement implies a non- directional path which plays a primary role, while the preposition and the second constituent of the Chinese serial verb construction are only direction indicators that do not contribute any path. The analysis of the combinatory between manner verbs and hacia, hasta, a, as well as their equivalent Chinese expressions, support our hypothesis and they let conclude that: a is locative; Chinese serial verb construction belongs to the satellite-framed language type; the extensive value of hasta does not favor the generation of the directional path, but that of its Chinese equivalent can do so.
HUBUNGAN INTERPESONAL DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA PERAWAT DI RUANG ICU RSUD dr. HARYOTO LUMAJANG
Authors: Ike Prafita Sari  , Nurul Mawaddah  , Tri Retnaning Wulandari
Published: February 2022

One of the factors that influence nurse job satisfaction is the nurses' intrpersonal relationship with peers, patients and the surrounding environment. Nurses with high job satisfaction will improve their quality of life for the better. The method used in this research is correlational analytics. With a total sample of 30 respondents with a total sampling technique. The results showed that most respondents had good interpersonal relations of 24 respondents (80%). And most respondents had good job satisfaction as many as 23 respondents (76.70%). From the test results using the Spearman's rho test, the value of p <0.05 is p = 0,000 which means that there is an interpersonal relationship with the job satisfaction of nurses in ICU RSUD Dr. Haryoto Lumajang. With the better interpersonal relationships people are more open to express themselves, so the more effective the ongoing communication. As members of the nursing profession, nurses must be able to collaborate with colleagues to improve the quality of nursing services. Nurses must be able to foster good relations with all nurses in their work environment, Must respect each other and high tolerance so as to create job satisfaction in a hospital