bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood maltreatment and identity diffusion among inpatient adolescents: The role of reflective function
Authors: Penner Francesca , Gambin Malgorzata , Sharp Carla
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Identity integration, as opposed to identity diffusion, has been associated with greater self‐esteem, meaning in life, and functioning. Trauma may have negative effects on identity; however, few studies have examined trauma and identity among adolescents, particularly those with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, factors that may promote healthy identity in adolescents who have experienced trauma have not been identified. This study aimed to test associations between childhood maltreatment and identity diffusion among adolescents with psychiatric disorders, and evaluated reflective function (RF) as a mediator of these associations.

Methods

107 adolescents (Mage = 15.36, 75.7% female) who were inpatient at a psychiatric hospital in the United States completed self‐report measures of childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect; total maltreatment), identity diffusion, and RF. Path analysis was used to test two models of the relations between childhood maltreatment, RF, and identity diffusion.

Results

Total maltreatment and all forms of maltreatment except physical abuse were significantly associated with identity diffusion at the bivariate level. In path analysis (Model 1), emotional and physical neglect were directly associated with identity diffusion, and RF mediated the association between emotional abuse and identity diffusion. In Model 2, RF partially mediated the association between overall level of maltreatment and identity diffusion.

Conclusions

Emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and total combined maltreatment exposure may be risk factors for adolescent identity diffusion. Targeting RF may help to build healthy identity among adolescents with symptoms of psychiatric disorders who have experienced maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse.
Injury-Related Emergency Department Visits After Hurricane Maria in a Southern Puerto Rico Hospital
Authors: Frasqueri-Quintana Verónica M. , Oliveras García Carene A. , Adams Laura E. , Torres-Figueroa Xiomara , Iriarte Rafael Iván , Ryff Kyle , Sánchez-González Liliana , Pérez Gómez Vivian , Pérez-Rodríguez Nicole M. , Alvarado Luisa I. , Paz-Bailey Gabriela
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to describe individuals seeking care for injury at a major emergency department (ED) in southern Puerto Rico in the months after Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017.

Methods:

After informed consent, we used a modified version of the Natural Disaster Morbidity Surveillance Form to determine why patients were visiting the ED during October 16, 2017–March 28, 2018. We analyzed visits where injury was reported as the primary reason for visit and whether it was hurricane-related.

Results:

Among 5 116 patients, 573 (11%) reported injury as the primary reason for a visit. Of these, 10% were hurricane-related visits. The most common types of injuries were abrasions, lacerations, and cuts (43% of all injury visits and 50% of hurricane-related visits). The most common mechanisms of injury were falls, slips, trips (268, 47%), and being hit by/or against an object (88, 15%). Most injury visits occurred during the first 3 months after the hurricane.

Conclusions:

Surveillance after Hurricane Maria identified injury as the reason for a visit for about 1 in 10 patients visiting the ED, providing evidence on the patterns of injuries in the months following a hurricane. Public health and emergency providers can use this information to anticipate health care needs after a disaster.
Activity of the sesquiterpene lactone goyazensolide against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Milagre Matheus Marques , Branquinho Renata Tupinambá , Gonçalves Maira Fonseca , de Assis GMP , de Oliveira Maykon Tavares , Reis LES , Saúde-Guimarães Dênia Antunes , de Lana Marta
Published: August 2019

Background:

The current drugs for Chagas disease treatment present several limitations

Methods:

The sesquiterpene lactone goyazensolide (GZL) was evaluated regarding to cytotoxicity and trypanocidal activity against amastigotes, selectivity index (SI) in vitro, acute toxicity and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity in vivo.

Results:

The in vitro cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells was observed at doses >250 ng mL−1 of GZL and the SI were of 52.82 and 4.85 (24 h) and of 915.00 and 41.00 (48 h) for GZL and BZ, respectively. Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were not verified. Treatment with GZL of mice infected with CL strain led to a significant decrease of parasitaemia and total survival at doses of 1 and 3 mg kg−1 day−1 by oral and IV, respectively. This last group cured 12.5% of the animals (negativation of HC, PCR, qPCR and ELISA). Animals infected with Y strain showed significant decrease of parasitaemia and higher negativation in all parasitological tests in comparison to BZ and control groups, but were ELISA reactive, as well as the BZ group, but mice treated with 5.0 mg kg−1 day−1 by oral were negative in parasitological tests and survived.

Conclusion:

GZL was more active against T. cruzi than benznidazole in vitro and presented important therapeutic activity in vivo in both T. cruzi strains.
Evidence for default mode network dysfunction in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Aguilar-Ortiz Salvatore , Salgado-Pineda Pilar , Vega Daniel , Pascual Juan C. , Marco-Pallarés Josep , Soler Joaquim , Brunel Cristina , Martin-Blanco Ana , Soto Angel , Ribas Joan , Maristany Teresa , Sarró Salvador , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni , Salvador Raymond , McKenna Peter J. , Pomarol-Clotet Edith
Published: August 2019

Background

Although executive and other cognitive deficits have been found in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), whether these have brain functional correlates has been little studied. This study aimed to examine patterns of task-related activation and de-activation during the performance of a working memory task in patients with the disorder.

Methods

Sixty-seven DSM-IV BPD patients and 67 healthy controls underwent fMRI during the performance of then-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of within-group activations and areas of differential activation between the groups.

Results

On corrected whole-brain analysis, there were no activation differences between the BPD patients and the healthy controls during the main 2-backv.baseline contrast, but reduced activation was seen in the precentral cortex bilaterally and the left inferior parietal cortex in the 2-backv.1-back contrast. The patients showed failure of de-activation affecting the medial frontal cortex and the precuneus, plus in other areas. The changes did not appear to be attributable to previous history of depression, which was present in nearly half the sample.

Conclusions

In this study, there was some, though limited, evidence for lateral frontal hypoactivation in BPD during the performance of an executive task. BPD also appears to be associated with failure of de-activation in key regions of the default mode network.
Crystal structure of metolazone, C16H16ClN3O3S
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Gindhart Amy M. , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: August 2019

The crystal structure of metolazone has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Metolazone crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 8.1976(5), b = 14.4615(69), c = 16.0993(86) Å, α = 115.009(18), β = 90.096(7), γ = 106.264(4)°, V = 1644.52(9) Å3, and Z = 4. The broad (02-1) peak at 3.42° 2θ indicates stacking faults along this direction. The crystal structure consists of alternating polar and hydrocarbon layers parallel to the ac-plane. Only one of the sulfonamide groups acts as a hydrogen bond donor. Both ring nitrogen atoms act as hydrogen bond donors, but one forms an N–H···N hydrogen bond, while the other participates in an N–H···O bond. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™, to replace entry 00-066-1624.
Developing “Herd Immunity” in a Civilian Community Through Incorporation of “Just-In-Time” Tourniquet Application Training
Authors: Marcus Cameron , Pontasch Josef , Duff Joseph , Khambadkone Trisha , Fink Brian , Jones Corion , Brickman Kristopher , Rega Paul
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Herd immunity, a concept normally applied in vaccinated populations, is a preventative measure to determine if a significant portion of a population can protect vulnerable individuals against a certain disease. Like vaccines, tourniquet education can be a form of herd immunity to protect vulnerable individuals in a population and prevent the loss of life from a peripheral hemorrhage. The authors have identified a deficiency in simple, quick, and effective hemorrhage control education. Therefore, to maximize herd immunity, the novel educational platform evaluates the efficacy of “Just-in-Time” (JiT) tourniquet application training.

Hypothesis/Problem:

The authors hypothesize that the utilization of JiT training will be effective in promoting both competence and confidence for individuals to utilize tourniquets in response to a disaster environment.

Methods:

This Institutional Review Board-approved study recruited medical students who were trained in hemorrhage control measures at a Level 1 Trauma Center. Tourniquet training sessions were held, and naïve civilians received tourniquet education. The subjects received a five- to ten-minute lesson on indications, contraindications, and application techniques of commercial and improvisational tourniquets. Participants subsequently applied a tourniquet to an instructor’s arm to demonstrate proper tourniquet application for a brachial artery hemorrhage. Pre- and post-educational surveys were completed to test participant competency and confidence.

Results:

Of the 104 subjects who completed the course, 97 had no prior training in hemorrhage control techniques, including commercial and improvisational tourniquet application. The mean pre-test score was 2.27/5.00 and the mean post-test score was 4.38/5.00, P <.001 (n = 97). When queried “How competent would you feel applying a tourniquet (commercial or improvisational) on an individual with a bleeding wound?” 92/97 felt confident (95%), one felt less confident, and four felt no difference in confidence levels (P <.001).

Conclusion:

Just-in-Time training is an effective method in teaching naïve civilians proper tourniquet application. This platform could serve as an alternative to more extensive training programs and requires less time, costs, and resources. If a significant number of individuals in a local community can effectively apply a tourniquet in a disaster scenario, a “herd immunity” effect could be achieved to control peripheral hemorrhages.
Measuring the performance of interprofessional primary health care teams: understanding the teams perspective
Authors: Donnelly Catherine , Ashcroft Rachelle , Mofina Amanda , Bobbette Nicole , Mulder Carol
Published: August 2019

Aim:

The aim of the study was to describe practices that support collaboration in interprofessional primary health care teams, and identify performance indicators perceived to measure the impact of this collaboration from the perspective of interprofessional health providers.

Background:

Despite the surge of interprofessional primary health care models implemented across Canada, there is little evidence as to whether or not the intended outcomes of primary health care teams have been achieved. Part of the challenge is determining the most appropriate measures that can demonstrate the value of collaborative care. To date, little remains known about performance measurement from the providers contributing to the collaborative care process in interprofessional primary care teams. Having providers from a range of disciplinary backgrounds assist in the development of performance measures can help identify measures most relevant to demonstrate the value of collaborative care on the intended outcomes of interprofessional primary care models.

Methods:

A qualitative study; part of a larger mixed methods developmental evaluation to examine performance measurement in interprofessional primary health care teams. A stakeholder workshop was conducted at an annual association meeting of interprofessional primary health care teams in the province of Ontario, Canada. Six questions guided the workshop groups and participant responses were documented on worksheets and flip charts. All responses were collected and entered verbatim into a word document. Qualitative analytic strategies were applied to each question.

Findings:

A total of 283 primary health care providers from 14 health professions working in interprofessional primary health care teams participated. Top three elements of interprofessional collaboration (total n = 628) were communication (n = 146), co-treatment (n = 112) and patient-based conferences (n = 81). Top three performance indicators currently used to demonstrate the value of interprofessional collaboration (total n = 241) were patient experience (n = 71), patient health status (n = 35) and within team referrals (n = 30).
Dissipation of Earthward Propagating Flux Rope Through Re‐reconnection with Geomagnetic Field: An MMS Case Study
Authors: Poh Gangkai , Slavin James A. , Lu San , Le Guan , Ozturk Dogacan Su , Sun Wei‐Jie , Zou Shasha , Eastwood Jonathan P. , Nakamura Rumi , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Russell Christopher T. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara L. , Pollock Craig J. , Moore Thomas E. , Torbert Roy B. , Burch James L.
Published: August 2019

Three‐dimensional global hybrid simulations and observations have shown that earthward‐moving flux ropes (FRs) can undergo magnetic reconnection (or re‐reconnection) with the near‐Earth dipole field to create dipolarization front (DF)‐like signatures that are immediately preceded by brief intervals of negative BZ. The simultaneous erosion of the southward BZ field at the leading edge of the FR and continuous reconnection of lobe magnetic flux at the X‐line tailward of the FR result in the asymmetric south‐north BZ signature in many earthward‐moving FRs and possibly DFs with negative BZ dips prior to their observation. In this study, we analyzed Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) observation of fields and plasma signatures associated with the encounter of an ion diffusion region ahead of an earthward‐moving FR on 3 August 2017. The signatures of this re‐reconnection event were (i) +/− BZ reversal, (ii) −/+ bipolar‐type quadrupolar Hall magnetic fields, (iii) northward super‐Alfvénic electron outflow jet of ~1,000–1,500 km/s, (iv) Hall electric field of ~15 mV/m, (v) intense currents of ~40–100 nA/m2, and (vi) J·E′ ~0.11 nW/m3. Our analysis suggests that the MMS spacecraft encounters the ion and electron diffusion regions but misses the X‐line. Our results are in good agreement with particle‐in‐cell simulations of Lu et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022815). We computed a dimensionless reconnection rate of ~0.09 for this re‐reconnection event and through modeling, estimating that the FR would fully dissipate by −16.58 RE. We demonstrated pertubations in the high‐latitude ionospheric currents at the same time of the dissipation of earthward‐moving FRs using ground‐ and space‐based measurements.
The Planet's Stressed River Basins: Too Much Pressure or Too Little Adaptive Capacity?
Authors: Varis Olli , Taka Maija , Kummu Matti
Published: August 2019

Freshwater is one of the most critical elements for sustainable development of ecosystems and societies. River basins, concomitant with administrative zones, form a common unit for freshwater management. So far, no comprehensive, global analysis exists that would link the ecological challenges of the planet's river basins to the capacity of the societies to cope with them. We address this gap by performing a geospatial resilience analysis for a global set of 541 river basins. We use the social‐ecological systems approach by relating three ecological vulnerability factors (human footprint, natural hazards, and water scarcity) with three adaptive capacity factors (governance, economy, and human development), based on temporal trajectories from 1990 to 2015. Additionally, we examine resilience by subtracting ecological vulnerability from adaptive capacity. The most striking result is the fundamentally different patterns of controlling factors of the resilience in different developing regions, particularly those of Africa and Asia. Their root causes are particularly low adaptive capacity in Africa and high ecological vulnerability in Asia. Alarmingly, the difference between those continents grew within the study period. Finally, this study highlights the rapid dynamics of adaptive capacity in comparison to ecological vulnerability, the latter having more inertia. Their fragile balance is of our interest; they can either support or counteract each other depending on the geographic location.
A Comparative Analysis of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions at City Level Using OCO‐2 Observations: A Global Perspective
Authors: Fu Peng , Xie Yanhua , Moore Caitlin E. , Myint Soe W. , Bernacchi Carl J.
Published: August 2019

Satellite observations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within urban settings offer unique potential to understand carbon sources and sinks and evaluate carbon mitigation strategies. Despite availability of column‐averaged dry air mole fraction of CO2 (
) from Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2), temporal variations of
and their drivers in cities remain poorly understood due to inconsistent definitions of urban extent, diverse urban forms, and unresolved impacts of urban vegetation on carbon fluxes. To this end, this study revealed that OCO‐2
measurements from 2014 to 2018 exhibited statistically significant seasonal and trend components for each city. A correlation analysis suggested a weak association between
trends and fossil fuel CO2 emissions (
) trends but a close relationship between yearly average
and
trends. Vegetation abundance exhibited a negative relationship with the
seasonality, though it only explained 21% of the variance. No statistically significant relationship between urban morphological factors (areal extent, complexity, and compactness) and temporal
components was observed. However, urban morphological factors had a close relationship with the total amount of
aggregated over the study period. Thus, it was speculated that urban morphological factors exerted their influence on
through fossil fuel consumption. When only cities of high normalized difference vegetation index seasonality were used, statistically significant correlation coefficients between urban morphological factors and winter/summer averaged
measurements were found. The variations of these correlation coefficients between leaf‐on and leaf‐off seasons stress the important role that urban trees play in mitigating carbon emissions in cities.
Melting of Al‐Rich Phase D up to the Uppermost Lower Mantle and Transportation of H2O to the Deep Earth
Authors: Xu Chaowen , Inoue Toru
Published: August 2019

We investigated the stability of the Al‐rich dense hydrous magnesium silicate Phase D (PhD) in a MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐H2O system between 14 and 25 GPa at 900–1,500 °C. Al‐rich PhD has a very wide stability region from 900 °C and 14 GPa to at least 1,500 °C and 25 GPa, showing strong temperature stability with increasing pressure. Al‐rich PhD decomposes to Phase Egg at pressure of the mantle transition zone, whereas it decomposes to δ‐AlOOH phase with a temperature increase at pressure of the uppermost lower mantle. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements of Al‐rich PhD show that the unit‐cell volume is slightly larger, but the Raman spectra resemble that of Al‐free PhD. The wide stability region of Al‐bearing PhD would contribute an important storage site for water in the mantle transition zone, suggesting that it can deliver a certain amount of water into the lower mantle along hot subduction and even at the normal mantle geothermal P‐T condition. Furthermore, the dehydration of Al‐bearing PhD might be responsible for a series of observed seismic discontinuities from the transition zone to the uppermost lower mantle and even for deep earthquakes in some typical locations.
Health and Environmental Justice Implications of Retiring Two Coal‐Fired Power Plants in the Southern Front Range Region of Colorado
Authors: Martenies Sheena E. , Akherati Ali , Jathar Shantanu , Magzamen Sheryl
Published: August 2019

Despite improvements in air quality over the past 50 years, ambient air pollution remains an important public health issue in the United States. In particular, emissions from coal‐fired power plants still have a substantial impact on both nearby and regional populations. Of particular concern is the potential for this impact to fall disproportionately on low‐income communities and communities of color. We conducted a quantitative health impact assessment to estimate the health benefits of the proposed decommissioning of two coal‐fired electricity generating stations in the Southern Front Range region of Colorado. We estimated changes in exposures to fine particulate matter and ozone using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and predicted avoided health impacts and related economic values. We also quantitatively assessed the distribution of these benefits by population‐level socioeconomic status. Across the study area, decommissioning the power plants would result in 2 (95% CI: 1–3) avoided premature deaths each year due to reduced PM2.5 exposures and greater reductions in hospitalizations and other morbidities. Health benefits resulting from the modeled shutdowns were greatest in areas with lower educational attainment and other economic indicators. Our results suggest that decommissioning these power plants and replacing them with zero‐emissions sources could have broad public health benefits for residents of Colorado, with larger benefits for those that are socially disadvantaged. Our results also suggested that researchers and decision makers need to consider the unique demographics of their study areas to ensure that important opportunities to reduce health disparities associated with point‐source pollution.
Author Correction: Recent increases in tropical cyclone intensification rates
Authors: Bhatia Kieran T. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Knutson Thomas R. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Kossin James , Dixon Keith W. , Whitlock Carolyn E.
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Adaptive Properties of the Genetically Encoded Amino Acid Alphabet Are Inherited from Its Subsets
Authors: Ilardo Melissa , Bose Rudrarup , Meringer Markus , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Grefenstette Natalie , Stephenson James , Freeland Stephen , Gillams Richard J. , Butch Christopher J. , Cleaves H. James
Published: August 2019

Life uses a common set of 20 coded amino acids (CAAs) to construct proteins. This set was likely canonicalized during early evolution; before this, smaller amino acid sets were gradually expanded as new synthetic, proofreading and coding mechanisms became biologically available. Many possible subsets of the modern CAAs or other presently uncoded amino acids could have comprised the earlier sets. We explore the hypothesis that the CAAs were selectively fixed due to their unique adaptive chemical properties, which facilitate folding, catalysis, and solubility of proteins, and gave adaptive value to organisms able to encode them. Specifically, we studied in silico hypothetical CAA sets of 3–19 amino acids comprised of 1913 structurally diverse α-amino acids, exploring the adaptive value of their combined physicochemical properties relative to those of the modern CAA set. We find that even hypothetical sets containing modern CAA members are especially adaptive; it is difficult to find sets even among a large choice of alternatives that cover the chemical property space more amply. These results suggest that each time a CAA was discovered and embedded during evolution, it provided an adaptive value unusual among many alternatives, and each selective step may have helped bootstrap the developing set to include still more CAAs.
Collagen microsphere based 3D culture system for human osteoarthritis chondrocytes (hOACs)
Authors: Yeung P. , Cheng K. H. , Yan C. H. , Chan B. P.
Published: August 2019

The current study aims to evaluate collagen microencapsulation as anin vitro3D culture platform for human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (hOACs), and to exemplify its feasibility in screening potential disease modifying factors. We first isolated and expanded hOACs from osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage samples harvested from multiple patients during total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. These cells were microencapsulated into collagen microspheres for subsequent 3D cultures. The change in chondrocyte phenotypes and OA phenotype was evaluated over time, using 2D monolayer culture and traditional 3D pellet culture as controls. The hOACs in the 3D collagen microsphere model resumed theirin vivophenotypes when compared to 2D monolayer. When compared with the 3D pellet model, the 3D hOAC-collagen microsphere model better recapitulated the OA phenotypes. We further demonstrated the responsiveness of the microencapsulated hOACs towards a number of external factors altering the chondrogenic phenotype, corroborating with previous studies. The hOAC encapsulated collagen microspheres better maintained the hOAC phenotype than the traditional 2D monolayer and 3D pellet cultures. The feasibility to use this hOAC-collagen microspherein vitromodel as a screening platform for disease-modifying agents has been demonstrated, contributing to future development of OA therapeutics.
Antarctic food web architecture under varying dynamics of sea ice cover
Authors: Rossi Loreto , Sporta Caputi Simona , Calizza Edoardo , Careddu Giulio , Oliverio Marco , Schiaparelli Stefano , Costantini Maria Letizia
Published: August 2019

In the Ross Sea, biodiversity organisation is strongly influenced by sea-ice cover, which is characterised by marked spatio-temporal variations. Expected changes in seasonal sea-ice dynamics will be reflected in food web architecture, providing a unique opportunity to study effects of climate change. Based on individual stable isotope analyses and the high taxonomic resolution of sampled specimens, we described benthic food webs in contrasting conditions of seasonal sea-ice persistence (early vs. late sea-ice break up) in medium-depth waters in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). The architecture of biodiversity was reshaped by the pulsed input of sympagic food sources following sea-ice break up, with food web simplification, decreased intraguild predation, potential disturbance propagation and increased vulnerability to biodiversity loss. Following our approach, it was possible to describe in unprecedented detail the complex structure of biodiverse communities, emphasising the role of sympagic inputs, regulated by sea-ice dynamics, in structuring Antarctic medium-depth benthic food webs.
Morphological and biomechanical characterization of immature and mature nasoseptal cartilage
Authors: Jessop Zita M. , Zhang Yadan , Simoes Irina N. , Al-Sabah Ayesha , Badiei Nafiseh , Gazze Salvatore A. , Francis Lewis , Whitaker Iain S.
Published: August 2019

Nasoseptal cartilage has been assumed to be isotropic, unlike the well-defined zonal organization of articular cartilage attributed to postnatal biomechanical loading. We know from clinical experience that malrotation of surgical nasoseptal cartilage grafts can lead to increased graft absorption. Other studies have also suggested directionally dependent compressive stiffness suggesting anisotropy, but morphological investigations are lacking. This study characterizes immature and mature native bovine nasoseptal cartilage using a combination of immunohistochemistry, biomechanical testing and structural imaging. Our findings indicate that there is extensive postnatal synthesis and reorganization of the extracellular matrix in bovine nasoseptal cartilage, independent of joint loading forces responsible for articular cartilage anisotropy. Immature nasoseptal cartilage is more cellular and homogenous compared to the zonal organization of cells and extracellular matrix of mature cartilage. Mature samples also exhibited greater glycosaminoglycan content and type II collagen fibre alignment compared to immature cartilage and this correlates with greater compressive stiffness. Engineered neocartilage often consists of immature, isotropic, homogenous tissue that is unable to meet the functional and mechanical demands when implanted into the native environment. This study demonstrates the importance of anisotropy on biomechanical tissue strength to guide future cartilage tissue engineering strategies for surgical reconstruction.
Microscopic photoelectron analysis of single crystalline LiCoO2 particles during the charge-discharge in an all solid-state lithium ion battery
Authors: Akada Keishi , Sudayama Takaaki , Asakura Daisuke , Kitaura Hirokazu , Nagamura Naoka , Horiba Koji , Oshima Masaharu , Hosono Eiji , Harada Yoshihisa
Published: August 2019

We report synchrotron-based operando soft X-ray microscopic photoelectron spectroscopy under charge-discharge control of single crystalline LiCoO2 (LCO) particles as an active electrode material for an all solid-state lithium-ion battery (LIB). Photoelectron mapping and the photoelectron spectrum of a selected microscopic region are obtained by a customized operando cell for LIBs. During the charge process, a more effective Li extraction from a side facet of the single crystalline LCO particle than from the central part is observed, which ensures the reliability of the system as an operando microscopic photoelectron analyzer that can track changes in the electronic structure of a selected part of the active particle. Based on these assessments, the no drastic change in the Co 2p XPS spectra during charge-discharge of LCO supports that the charge-polarization may occur at the oxygen side by strong hybridization between Co 3d and O 2p orbitals. The success of tracking the electronic-structure change at each facet of a single crystalline electrode material during charge-discharge is a major step toward the fabrication of innovative active electrode materials for LIBs.
OrgaQuant: Human Intestinal Organoid Localization and Quantification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kassis Timothy , Hernandez-Gordillo Victor , Langer Ronit , Griffith Linda G.
Published: August 2019

Organoid cultures are proving to be powerful in vitro models that closely mimic the cellular constituents of their native tissue. Organoids are typically expanded and cultured in a 3D environment using either naturally derived or synthetic extracellular matrices. Assessing the morphology and growth characteristics of these cultures has been difficult due to the many imaging artifacts that accompany the corresponding images. Unlike single cell cultures, there are no reliable automated segmentation techniques that allow for the localization and quantification of organoids in their 3D culture environment. Here we describe OrgaQuant, a deep convolutional neural network implementation that can locate and quantify the size distribution of human intestinal organoids in brightfield images. OrgaQuant is an end-to-end trained neural network that requires no parameter tweaking; thus, it can be fully automated to analyze thousands of images with no user intervention. To develop OrgaQuant, we created a unique dataset of manually annotated human intestinal organoid images with bounding boxes and trained an object detection pipeline using TensorFlow. We have made the dataset, trained model and inference scripts publicly available along with detailed usage instructions.
Proximity interactions of the ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 reveal a role in regulation of epithelial polarity complex proteins
Authors: Dho Sascha E. , Silva-Gagliardi Nancy , Morgese Fabio , Coyaud Etienne , Lamoureux Emily , Berry Donna M. , Raught Brian , McGlade C. Jane
Published: August 2019

MIB1 belongs to the RING domain containing family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. In vertebrates, MIB1 plays an essential role in activation of Notch signaling during development, through the ubiquitination and endocytosis of Notch ligands. More recently, Notch independent functions for MIB1 have been described in centriole homeostasis, dendritic spine outgrowth and directional cell migration. Here we use proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to define the MIB1 interactome that included 163 high confidence interactions with polypeptides linked to centrosomes and cilia, endosomal trafficking, RNA and DNA processing, the ubiquitin system, and cell adhesion. Biochemical analysis identified several proteins within these groups including CCDC14 and EPS15 that were ubiquitinated but not degraded when co-expressed with MIB1. The MIB1 interactome included the epithelial cell polarity protein, EPB41L5. MIB1 binds to and ubiquitinates EPB41L5 resulting in its degradation. Furthermore, MIB1 ubiquitinates the EPB41L5-associated polarity protein CRB1, an important determinant of the apical membrane. In polarized cells, MIB1 localized to the lateral membrane with EPB41L5 and to the tight junction with CRB1, CRB3 and ZO1. Furthermore, over expression of MIB1 resulted in altered epithelial cell morphology and apical membrane expansion. These results support a role for MIB1 in regulation of polarized epithelial cell morphology.
The pain alarm response - an example of how conscious awareness shapes pain perception
Authors: Pontén Moa , Fust Jens , D’Onofrio Paolo , Dorp Rick van , Sunnergård Linda , Ingre Michael , Axelsson John , Jensen Karin
Published: August 2019

Pain is subjective and largely shaped by context, yet, little is known about the boundaries for such influences, in particular in relation to conscious awareness. Here, we investigated processing of noxious stimuli during sleep. Four experiments were performed where participants (n = 114) were exposed to repetitions of noxious heat, either when awake or during sleep. A test-phase followed where participants were awake and exposed to painful stimuli and asked to rate pain. Two control experiments included only the test-phase, without any prior pain exposures. Participants in the awake condition rated all test-phase stimuli the same. Conversely, participants who had been sleeping, and thus unaware of getting noxious heat, displayed heightened pain during the first part of the test-phase. This heightened reaction to noxious stimuli—a pain alarm response—was further pronounced in the control conditions where participants were naïve to noxious heat. Results suggest that the pain alarm response is partly dependent on conscious awareness.
Feasibility study of using one-tenth mSv radiation dose in young children chest CT with 80 kVp and model-based iterative reconstruction
Authors: Sun Jihang , Zhang Qifeng , Hu Di , Shen Yun , Yang Haiming , Chen Chenghao , Zhou Zuofu , Peng Yun
Published: August 2019

CT has become a routine imaging modality based on its excellent ability of displaying lung structures and diseases. But, how to reduce radiation dose of routine CT examination is a concern for radiologists. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using 80kVp and a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm to achieve one-tenth mSv dose chest CT in infants and young children. Thirty-two cases (study group, average age 1.71 ± 1.01 years) underwent non-contrast chest CT examination at low dose with 80 kV, 4mAs and was reconstructed with MBIR (LD-MBIR) and the standard adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm (LD-ASIR); another group (control group) of 32 children underwent routine-dose chest CT with 100 kV and was reconstructed with ASIR only (RD-ASIR). The subjective and objective image quality of the three groups were measured and statistically compared. The radiation dose for the low dose scan was 0.09 ± 0.02 mSv, 6% of the routine dose. All LD-MBIR images were diagnostically acceptable. Compared with the RD-ASIR images, the LD-MBIR images were similar in noise in the left ventricle, muscles, lung field, on-par in displaying large airways, lung lucency and mediastinum, but were inferior in displaying lung marking, small airways and mediastinum. Thus, MBIR images with low dose in pediatric chest CT can be used in the diagnosis for lung field and air way disorders in infants and young children.
Self-assembling peptide-based nanodrug delivery systems
Authors: Wang Qian , Jiang Nan , Fu Bo , Huang Fan , Liu Jianfeng
Published: August 2019

The present review outlines the methods designing self-assembling peptide-based NDDs for small molecule drugs, with an emphasis on the different drug delivery strategies and their applications in using peptides and peptide conjugates.
Water-mediated polyol synthesis of pencil-like sharp silver nanowires suitable for nonlinear plasmonics
Authors: Inose Tomoko , Toyouchi Shuichi , Lu Gang , Umemoto Kazuki , Tezuka Yuki , Lyu Bozhang , Masuhara Akito , Fron Eduard , Fujita Yasuhiko , Hirai Kenji , Uji-i Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

We report a simple method to control the end shape of silver nanowires by adding pure water in the conventional polyol synthesis.
Simulated enzyme inhibition-based strategy for ultrasensitive colorimetric biothiol detection based on nanoperoxidases
Authors: Yu Renzhong , Wang Rui , He Xue , Liu Tianbao , Shen Jian , Dai Zhihui
Published: August 2019

A simulated enzyme inhibition-based strategy based on a nanoperoxidase mimic was adopted for ultrasensitive colorimetric glutathione detection.
Photoredox asymmetric catalytic enantioconvergent substitution of 3-chlorooxindoles
Authors: Zeng Guangkuo , Li Yunqiang , Qiao Baokun , Zhao Xiaowei , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: August 2019

An enantioconvergent substitution of 3-substituted 3-chlorooxindoles with N-aryl glycines under visible light irradiation is reported.
Synergy of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction leads to electrochemical deoxygenative C2 arylation of quinoline N-oxides
Authors: Yuan Yong , Jiang Minbao , Wang Tao , Xiong Yunkui , Li Jun , Guo Huijiao , Lei Aiwen
Published: August 2019

We herein report an electrochemical deoxygenative C2 arylation protocol of quinoline N-oxides. By employing both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, a variety of 2-arylquinolines were obtained under environmentally benign conditions.
Carbazole-containing porphyrinoid and its oligomers
Authors: Wu Tongjing , Kim Taeyeon , Yin Bangshao , Wang Kaisheng , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Kim Dongho , Song Jianxin
Published: August 2019

A novel carbazole-containing porphyrinoid 4H and its oligomers 6H and 7H were synthesized for the first time via the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The structures of 4H, 4Pd, 6H, and 6Zn were finally confirmed by X-ray analysis.
Polymorphism of levofloxacin: structure, properties and phase transformation
Authors: Wei Ning , Jia Lina , Shang Zeren , Gong Junbo , Wu Songgu , Wang Jingkang , Tang Weiwei
Published: August 2019

The landscape of solid-state crystal forms of levofloxacin is further expanded with one solved anhydrous α form and three newly discovered solvates includingn-propanol solvate, ethylene glycol solvate and acetic acid solvate.
First-principles investigation of the hydrogen evolution reaction on different surfaces of pyrites MnS2, FeS2, CoS2, NiS2
Authors: Wu Ming-Hsiu , Chou Wan-Jou , Huang Jian-Syun , Putungan Darwin Barayang , Lin Shi-Hsin
Published: August 2019

We theoretically investigated hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the XRD observed (100), (110), (111), and (210) surfaces of pyrite structure CoS2.
Evaluation of interfacial stability and strength of cermets based on work function
Authors: Lu Hao , Wang Haibin , Zhao Chong , Tang Fawei , Hou Chao , Liu Xuemei , Song Xiaoyan
Published: August 2019

A stable and strongly bonded interface has a gradually changing interfacial work function.
Unusually strong heteroatomic bonding in the complex polyanion of intermetallic Ba6Pt22Al53
Authors: Stegemann Frank , Touzani Rachid Stefan , Janka Oliver
Published: August 2019

Ba6Pt22Al53exhibits a complex polyanion with an extremely short Pt–Al bond of 239 pm. DFT calculations show that this bond is a strong covalent interaction.
Mesoporous ZnO thin films obtained from molecular layer deposited “zincones”
Authors: Perrotta Alberto , Berger Richard , Muralter Fabian , Coclite Anna Maria
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of MLD-derived mesoporous ZnO with 20% of porosity is demonstrated and studied by advanced in situ characterization techniques.
Water-mediated proton conduction in Ni(ii) and Co(ii) benzenetriphosphonates
Authors: Feng Lu , Pan Zhi-Quan , Zhou Hong , Zhou Min , Hou Hao-Bo
Published: August 2019

Two novel transition metal compounds, [Ni(4,4′-bipyH)2(H2O)4]·2(H4bmt)·9H2O (1) and [Co(4,4′-bipy)(H2O)4][Co(4,4′-bipyH)2(H2O)4]·2(H3bmt)·6H2O (2), have been synthesized.
Efficient catalytic hydrogenation of alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone
Authors: Padilla Rosa , Jørgensen Mike S. B. , Paixão Márcio W. , Nielsen Martin
Published: August 2019

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone is achieved under mild reaction conditions employing pincer PNP-M complexes. High efficacy is demonstrated with TON's exceeding 9000. Furthermore, the feasibility of recycling is shown.
Photoinduced hydroxylation of arylboronic acids with molecular oxygen under photocatalyst-free conditions
Authors: Xu Yu-Ting , Li Chen-Yuan , Huang Xiao-Bo , Gao Wen-Xia , Zhou Yun-Bing , Liu Miao-Chang , Wu Hua-Yue
Published: August 2019

We disclose a photoinduced aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids under photocatalyst-free conditions, providing a green entry to phenols and alcohols.
Electrochemical oxidative cyclization of olefinic carbonyls with diselenides
Authors: Guan Zhipeng , Wang Yunkun , Wang Huamin , Huang Yange , Wang Siyuan , Tang Hongding , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: August 2019

The tandem cyclization of olefinic carbonyls with easily accessible diselenides facilitated by electrochemical oxidation has been successfully developed, which provides an environmentally friendly method for the construction of C–Se and C–O bonds simultaneously.
A von Hamos spectrometer for in situ sulfur speciation by non-resonant sulfur Kα emission spectroscopy
Authors: Kuzmenko Dzulija , Vogelsang Urs , Hitz Stephan , Müller David , Clark Adam H. , Kinschel Dominik , Czapla-Masztafiak Joanna , Milne Christopher , Szlachetko Jakub , Nachtegaal Maarten
Published: August 2019

A von Hamos geometry based wavelength dispersive spectrometer combined with an in situ reactor cell has been developed to measure non-resonant sulfur Kα emission for the in situ speciation of low concentrations of sulfur.
An integrated microfluidic system for on-chip enrichment and quantification of circulating extracellular vesicles from whole blood
Authors: Chen Yi-Sin , Ma Yu-Dong , Chen Chihchen , Shiesh Shu-Chu , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: August 2019

An integrated microfluidic system was developed for extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment and quantification by using anti-CD63-coated magnetic beads and an on-chip enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human whole blood.
Variation of the donor and acceptor in D–A–π–A based cyanopyridine dyes and its effect on dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Hemavathi B. , V. Jayadev , Ramamurthy Praveen C. , Pai Ranjith Krishna , K. N. Narayanan Unni , T. N. Ahipa , Soman Suraj , Balakrishna R. Geetha
Published: August 2019

Two organic D–A–π–A dyes (TPCTh and TPCRh), having 3-cyanopyridine as auxiliary acceptor with triphenylamine donor and cyanoacetic acid/rhodanine-3-acetic acid anchoring group, were synthesized and utilized as sensitizers in the fabrication of DSSC.
Kevlar fiber-reinforced multifunctional superhydrophobic paper for oil–water separation and liquid transportation
Authors: Li Qi , Wu Daheng , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2019

Herein, a novel kind of versatile superhydrophobic paper was successfully fabricated, which exhibited outstanding oil/water separation, liquid repellence, mechanical strength, fire-resistance and flexibility.
A homo-chiral helical coordination polymer constructed from an achiral ligand with excellent photo-physical properties and cell imaging application
Authors: Ma Xiaofan , Kong Weili , Abudoureheman Maierhaba , Zhang Jun , Xuan Xiaopeng
Published: August 2019

Polymer 1 was prepared as nanoparticles and added to the culture media, and bright red fluorescence was observed in SH-SY5Y cells.
Enantioselective construction of 3-substituted 3-amino-2-oxindoles containing an N,N-ketal skeleton via organocatalyzed aza-addition of isatin imines
Authors: Zhang Chen , Shang Xinye , Cheng Yuyu , Li Fushuai , Zhao Hanhui , Li Pengfei , Li Wenjun
Published: August 2019

The first example of organocatalytic chemo-, regio- and enantioselective aza-Mannich reactions of triazoles and arylamines, respectively, with isatin-derived imines has been achieved.
Approaching subthreshold-swing limit for thin-film transistors by using a giant-dielectric-constant gate dielectric
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Lan Linfeng , Peng Junbiao
Published: August 2019

Low-temperature giant-dielectric-constant thin films (In0.0025Nb0.0025Ti0.995O2) fabricated with RF sputtering are employed as the dielectrics for IZO-TFTs.
Exploring the chemical space and the bioactivity profile of lactams: a chemoinformatic study
Authors: Saldívar-González Fernanda I. , Lenci Elena , Trabocchi Andrea , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: August 2019

Lactams are a class of compounds important for drug design, due to their great variety of potential therapeutic applications, spanning cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases.
Effect of responsive graft length on mechanical toughening and transparency in microphase-separated hydrogels
Authors: Mussault Cécile , Guo Hui , Sanson Nicolas , Hourdet Dominique , Marcellan Alba
Published: August 2019

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafts in a hydrophilic covalently crosslinked polymer network enable efficient T-responsive toughening. Here, we show that graft length is a key-parameter to enhance stiffness and fracture (bulk and adhesion) properties.
The synthetic strategies of metal–organic framework membranes, films and 2D MOFs and their applications in devices
Authors: Zhu Haolin , Liu Dingxin
Published: August 2019

Here we review the synthetic methods and applications of 2D-MOF architectures, especially some novel synthetic strategies and applications. In addition, the outlook of 2D-MOF architectures are also proposed.
Retraction: Preparation of face-centered-cubic indium nanocubes and their superior dehydrogenation activity towards aqueous hydrazine with the assistance of light
Authors: Tong Dong Ge
Published: August 2019

Retraction of ‘Preparation of face-centered-cubic indium nanocubes and their superior dehydrogenation activity towards aqueous hydrazine with the assistance of light’ by Fang Luo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 17665–17672.
Dirac–Weyl semimetal phase in noncentrosymmetric transition metal monochalcogenides MoTe and WTe
Authors: Meng Lijun , Wu Jiafang , Li Yizhi , Zhong Jianxin
Published: August 2019

We investigated the topological properties of hexagonal transition metal monochalcogenides (TMMs) MoTe and WTe by combining first-principles calculations, the Wannier-based tight-binding method and the low energy k·p effective model.
The PHD finger of Spp1 mediates histone modification cross-talk
Authors: Musselman Catherine A. , Kutateladze Tatiana G.
Published: August 2019

Binding of the Spp1 PHD finger to histone H3K4me3 is sensitive to adjacent post-translational modifications in the histone tail. This commentary discusses the findings of He and colleagues [Biochem. J.476, 1957–1973] which show that the PHD finger binds to H3K4me3 in a selective manner which is conserved in the Saccharomyces pombe and mammalian orthologues of Spp1.