bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light
Authors: Kluge M. , Neureiter B. , Riffeser A. , Bender R. , Goessl C. , Hopp U. , Schmidt M. , Ries C. , Brosch N.
Published: March 2020

Observations of 170 local (z ≲ 0.08) galaxy clusters in the northern hemisphere have been obtained with the Wendelstein Telescope Wide Field Imager (WWFI). We correct for systematic effects such as point-spread function broadening, foreground star contamination, relative bias offsets, and charge persistence. Background inhomogeneities induced by scattered light are reduced down to ΔSB > 31 g′ mag arcsec−2 by large dithering and subtraction of night-sky flats. Residual background inhomogeneities brighter than SB
σ
 < 27.6 g′ mag arcsec−2 caused by galactic cirrus are detected in front of 23% of the clusters. However, the large field of view allows discrimination between accretion signatures and galactic cirrus. We detect accretion signatures in the form of tidal streams in 22%, shells in 9.4%, and multiple nuclei in 47% of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and find two BCGs in 7% of the clusters. We measure semimajor-axis surface brightness profiles of the BCGs and their surrounding intracluster light (ICL) down to a limiting surface brightness of SB = 30 g′ mag arcsec−2. The spatial resolution in the inner regions is increased by combining the WWFI light profiles with those that we measured from archival Hubble Space Telescope images or deconvolved WWFI images. We find that 71% of the BCG+ICL systems have surface brightness (SB) profiles that are well described by a single Sérsic function, whereas 29% require a double Sérsic function to obtain a good fit. We find that BCGs have scaling relations that differ markedly from those of normal ellipticals, likely due to their indistinguishable embedding in the ICL.
One Hundred SMUDGes in S-PLUS: Ultra-diffuse Galaxies Flourish in the Field
Authors: Barbosa C. E. , Zaritsky D. , Donnerstein R. , Zhang H. , Dey A. , de Oliveira C. Mendes , Sampedro L. , Molino A. , Costa-Duarte M. V. , Coelho P. , Cortesi A. , Herpich F. R. , Hernandez-Jimenez J. A. , Santos-Silva T. , Pereira E. , Werle A. , Overzier R. A. , Cid Fernandes R. , Castelli A. V. Smith , Ribeiro T. , Schoenell W. , Kanaan A.
Published: March 2020

We present the first systematic study of the stellar populations of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the field, integrating the large area search and characterization of UDGs by the SMUDGes survey with the twelve-band optical photometry of the S-PLUS survey. Based on Bayesian modeling of the optical colors of UDGs, we determine the ages, metallicities, and stellar masses of 100 UDGs distributed in an area of ∼330 deg2 in the Stripe 82 region. We find that the stellar masses and metallicities of field UDGs are similar to those observed in clusters and follow the trends previously defined in studies of dwarf and giant galaxies. However, field UDGs have younger luminosity-weighted ages than do UDGs in clusters. We interpret this result to mean that field UDGs have more extended star formation histories, including some that continue to form stars at low levels to the present time. Finally, we examine stellar population scaling relations that show that UDGs are, as a population, similar to other low surface brightness galaxies.
AstroSat UVIT Survey of M31: Point-source Catalog
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Postma J. , Chen Y. , Buick M.
Published: March 2020

An ultraviolet survey of M31 has been carried out during 2017-19 with the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) instrument on board the AstroSat Observatory. Here we analyze far- and near-ultraviolet (FUV and NUV) observations from the M31 UVIT survey, which covers a sky area of ≃3° × 1° with spatial resolution of ≃1″. The observations included six filter bands in the wavelength range of 120–280 nm. The limiting magnitude (AB) in the FUV band (CaF2 filter), which has the largest number of detected sources, is ∼23. The primary product of this work is the M31 UVIT point-source catalog containing positions and photometry. In total ≃75,000 sources were detected at FUV or NUV wavelengths.
Buckle Propagation of Sandwich Pipes Under External Pressure
Authors: An C , Liu B Q , Li T T , Fu G M , Duan M L
Published: March 2020

Buckle propagation of local collapse appearing in the damaged pipes is one of the failure modes that are of particular interest for deepwater application. The local collapse can propagate along the pipeline for long distances in both directions when the external pressure magnitude is up to the propagation pressure. In this paper, the buckle propagation pressure of sandwich pipes (SP) with different material properties and geometric characteristics is investigated by numerical simulation using Python programming language based on general finite element code. The results of the pressure history data obtained are verified by comparing those published previously. The effect of material properties, geometric characteristics and adhesion conditions on the propagation pressure are analyzed.
Safe Mooring of Large Container Ships at Quay Walls Subject to Passing Ship
Effects
Authors: Van Zwijnsvoorde T , Vantorre M
Published: March 2020

Container traffic and individual ships’ sizes increased dramatically over the last decades, testing the existing harbour infrastructure to its limits. An important aspect regarding the safety of the berthed vessel is the quality of the mooring configuration. A case study is presented, where an 18000 TEU container vessel is moored at a quay. The motions of the moored vessel and the forces in its lines due to ship passages are simulated, using the potential software ROPES and the UGent in-house package Vlugmoor. Focus is on the mooring plan (operational parameter) and the characteristics of the individual lines (design parameter).
Analysis of Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors for Cracked Stiffened Plates Based on Extended FE Method
Authors: Peng Y , Yang P
Published: March 2020

The dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) for cracked stiffened plates considering the actual boundary conditions in ship structures are analyzed by the extended finite element method (XFEM). The sensitivity of numerical results with respect to mesh size and time step is discussed. Some other influential parameters including stiffener height, crack location and crack length are also analyzed. The numerical results show that the convergence is affected by mesh size and time step. By using XFEM, singular elements are not needed at the crack front and moderately refined meshes can achieve good accuracy. The height of the stiffener and crack location significantly effect DSIFs, while the crack length slightly influences the DSIFs.
Set Point Tracking Control of a Remotely Operated Vehicle Using Model Predictive Control
Authors: Prasad M P R
Published: March 2020

This paper considers kinematics and dynamics of Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle (ROV) to control position, orientation and velocity of the vehicle. Cascade control technique has been applied in this paper. The pole placement technique is used in inner loop of kinematics to stabilize the vehicle motions. Model Predictive control is proposed and applied in outer loop of vehicle dynamics to maintain position and velocity trajectories of ROV. Simulation results carried out on ROV shows the good performance and stability are achieved by using MPC algorithm, whereas sliding mode control loses its stability when ocean currents are high. Implementation of proposed MPC algorithm and stabilization of vehicle motions is the main contribution in this paper.
Apuntes críticos sobre las dinámicas de institucionalización de la interseccionalidad
Authors: Zugaza Goienetxea Uxue
Published: March 2020

Esta nota pone en relación la institucionalización de la interseccionalidad y el progresivo desapego de las trayectorias activistas e intelectuales de las mujeres de color que la inspiraron. El texto sugiere que esta pérdida de radicalidad es la consecuencia lógica de cuatro dinámicas de institucionalización de la interseccionalidad, que son: 1) el olvido de la genealogía de color y el ethos de la justicia social, 2) un desplazamiento epistemológico hacia la disciplina y la estandarización, 3) la hegemonía de las producciones científicas del Norte global frente al Sur global y 4) la política de la innovación y los mercados de la diversidad en un contexto de gobernanza neoliberal.
On the factorization of iterated polynomials
Authors: Reis Lucas
Published: March 2020

Let

\mathbb{F}_q

be the finite field with

q

elements and

f, g\in \mathbb{F}_q[x]

be polynomials of degree at least one. This paper deals with the asymptotic growth of certain arithmetic functions associated to the factorization of the iterated polynomials

f(g^{(n)}(x))

over

\mathbb{F}_q

, such as the largest degree of an irreducible factor and the number of irreducible factors. In particular, we provide significant improvements on the results of D. Gómez-Pérez, A. Ostafe and I. Shparlinski (2014).
Blockchain Empowers Social Resistance and Terrorism Through Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
Authors: Krishnan Armin
Published: March 2020

The invention of the Internet has changed the way social resistance, revolutionary movements and terror groups are organized with new features such as loose network organization, netwars, social media campaigns, and lone wolf attacks. This article argues that blockchain technology will lead to more far-reaching changes in the organization of resistance to authority. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that records transactions using a consensus protocol, and when it meets objective conditions, it also enables smart contracts that execute transactions. Blockchain technology is not only a system for transferring value, but also it is a trustless system in which strangers can cooperate without the need for having to trust each other, as computer code governs their interactions. Blockchain will not only allow resistance/ terror organizations to easily receive donations globally, to have assets that a government can easily confiscate, and to disseminate censorship-resistant propaganda, but more importantly, to operate and cooperate across the world in a truly leaderless, coordinated, and highly decentralized fashion. Governments will need to be more proactive in the area of blockchain technology to mitigate some of the dangers to political stability that may emerge from it.
Kinetics of the OH + NO2 reaction: effect of water vapour and new parameterization for global modelling
Authors: Amedro Damien , Berasategui Matias , Bunkan Arne J. C. , Pozzer Andrea , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The effect of water vapour on the rate coefficient for the atmospherically important, termolecular reaction between OH and NO2 was determined in He–H2O (277, 291, and 332 K) and N2–H2O bath gases (292 K). Combining pulsed-laser photolytic generation of OH and its detection by laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) with in situ, optical measurement of both NO2 and H2O, we were able to show that (in
contrast to previous investigations) the presence of H2O increases the rate coefficient significantly. We derive a rate coefficient for H2O bath gas at the low-pressure limit (k0H2O) of 15.9×10-30 cm6 molecule−2 s−1. This indicates that H2O is a more efficient collisional quencher (by a factor of ≈6) of the initially formed HO–NO2 association complex than N2, and it is a factor of ≈8 more efficient than O2. Ignoring the effect of water vapour will lead to an underestimation of the rate coefficient by up to 15 %, e.g. in the tropical boundary layer. Combining the new experimental results from this study with those from our previous paper in which we report rate coefficients obtained in N2 and O2 bath gases (Amedro et al., 2019), we derive a new parameterization for atmospheric modelling of the OH + NO2 reaction and use this in a chemical transport model (EMAC) to examine the impact of the new data on the global distribution of NO2, HNO3, and OH. Use of the new parameters (rather than those given in the IUPAC and NASA evaluations) results in significant changes in the HNO3∕NO2 ratio and NOx concentrations (the sign of which depends on which evaluation is used as reference). The model predicts the presence of HOONO (formed along with HNO3 in the title reaction) in concentrations similar to those of HO2NO2 at the tropical tropopause.
Variations in Ncn and Nccn over China marginal seas related to marine traffic emissions, new particle formation and aerosol aging
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Deqiang , Wang Juntao , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In this study, a cruise campaign was conducted over China marginal seas to measure concentrations of condensation nuclei (Ncn), cloud condensation nuclei (Nccn) and other pollutants during DOY 110 to DOY 135 of 2018. With exhaustedly excluded self-ship emission signals, the mean values of Nccn during the cruise campaign slightly increased from 3.2 ± 1.1 × 103 cm−3 (mean ± standard) at supersaturation (SS) of 0.2 % to 3.9 ± 1.4 × 103 cm−3 at SS of 1.0 %, and the mean value for Ncn was 8.1 ± 4.4 × 103 cm−3. Data analysis showed that marine traffic emissions apparently yielded a large contribution to the increase of Ncn in daytime, especially in marine atmospheres over their heavily travelled sea zones; however, the fresh sources had no clear contribution to the increase of Nccn. This finding was supported by the quantitative relations between Ncn and Nccn at SS = 0.2–1.0 % against mixing ratios of SO2 in self-ship emission plumes, i.e., 1 ppb increase in SO2 corresponds to 1.4 × 104 cm−3 increase in Ncn, but only 30–170 cm−3 increase in Nccn possibly because of abundant organics in the aerosols. The smooth growth of marine traffic derived particles can be observed, reflecting aerosol aging. The estimated hygroscopicity parameter (κ) values were generally as high as 0.46–0.55 under the dominant onshore winds, suggesting inorganic ammonium aerosols likely acting as the major contributor to Nccn through aerosol aging processes largely decomposed organics. Moreover, the influences of the transported new particles from the continent on Ncn and Nccn in the marine atmosphere were also investigated.
Determination and climatology of diurnal cycle of atmospheric mixing layer height over Beijing 2013–2018: Lidar measurements and implication for airpollution
Authors: Wang Haofei , Li Zhengqiang , Lv Yang , Zhang Ying , Xu Hua , Guo Jianping , Goloub Philippe
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The atmospheric mixing layer height (MLH) determines the volume available for the dispersion of pollutants and thus contributes to the assessment of the pollutant concentration near the surface. The study evaluates the capability of lidar to describe the evolution of atmospheric mixing layer and then presents a long term observed climatology of MLH diurnal cycle. A system for automatic detection of the mixing layer height based on two wavelet methods (MLH and MLH') applied to lidar observations was operated from January 2013 to December 2018 in the Beijing urban area. The two dataset results are compared with radiosonde as case studies and statistical form. MLH shows good performance to calculate the convective layer height at daytime and the residual layer height at night. While MLH' has the potential to describe the stable layer height as radiosonde at night, the performance is limited due to the high range gate of lidar. A nearly six year climatology for diurnal cycle of MLH is calculated for convective and stable conditions using the dataset of MLH from lidar. The MLH characteristics of seasonal change in Beijing indicate that it is low in winter and autumn, and high in spring and summer. A significant phenomenon is found that from 2013 to 2018, the diurnal cycle of MLH increase year by year. It may partly benefit from the improvement of air quality. As to converting the column optical depth to the surface pollution, MLH from lidar shows better accuracy than that from radiosonde. Additionally, the accuracy with lidar MLH shows a diurnal cycle, with the peak at time of 14:00 LST. The study provides a significant dataset of MLH based on measurement and could be an effective reference to atmospheric models for surface air pollution calculation and analysis.
Land cover change dominates decadal trends of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission in China
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Qizhong , Guenther Alex B. , Yang Xiaochun , Wang Lanning , Xiao Tang , Li Jie , Feng Jinming , Xu Qi , Cheng Huaqiong
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Satellite observations reveal that China has been leading the global greening trend in the past two decades. We assessed the impact of land cover change on total BVOC emission in China during 2001–2016 and found a significant increasing trend of 1.09 % yr−1 with increases of 1.35, 1.25 and 1.43 % yr−1 for isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. Comparison of different scenarios showed that vegetation change is the main driver of BVOC emission change in China. Considerable heterogeneity was observed on regional scales, with the highest increasing trends of BVOC emission found in the Qinling Mountains and in the south of China. The BVOC emission for the year 2016 in these two regions was enhanced by 61.89 and 67.64 % compared to that of 2001, respectively. We compared the long-term HCHO vertical columns (VC) from the satellite-based Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with the estimation of isoprene emission in summer. The results showed statistically significant positive correlation coefficients over the regions with high vegetation cover fractions. In addition, the isoprene emission and HCHO VC both showed statistically significant increasing trends in the south of China where these two variables have high positive correlation coefficients. This result supports our estimation of the variability and trends of BVOC emission in China. Although anthropogenic sources comprise ∼63 % NMVOC emissions in China, the continued increase of BVOC will enhance the importance of considering BVOC when making policies for controlling ozone pollution in China along with ongoing efforts to reduce anthropogenic emissions.
A monitoring system for spatiotemporal electrical self-potential measurements in cryospheric environments
Authors: Weigand Maximilian , Wagner Florian M. , Limbrock Jonas K. , Hilbich Christin , Hauck Christian , Kemna Andreas
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate-induced warming increasingly leads to degradation of high-alpine permafrost. In order to develop early warning systems for imminent slope destabilization, knowledge about hydrological flow processes in the subsurface is urgently needed. Due to the fast dynamics associated with slope failures, non- or minimally invasive methods are required for cheap and timely characterization and monitoring of potential failure sites to allow in-time responses. These requirements can potentially be met by geophysical methods usually applied in near-surface geophysical settings, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), various seismic methods, and self-potential (SP) measurements. While ERT and GPR have their primary uses in detecting lithological subsurface structure and liquid water/ice content variations, SP measurements are sensitive to active water flow in the subsurface. Combined, these methods provide huge potential to monitor the dynamic hydrological evolution of permafrost systems. However, while conceptually simple, the technical application of the SP method in high-alpine mountain regions is challenging, especially if spatially resolved information is required. We here report on the design, construction, and testing phase of a multi-electrode SP measurement system aimed at characterizing surface runoff and melt-water flow at the Schilthorn, Bernese Alps, Switzerland. Design requirements for a year-round measurement system are discussed, the hardware and software of the constructed system, as well as test measurements are presented, including detailed quality assessment studies. On-site noise measurements and one laboratory experiment on freezing and thawing characteristics of the SP electrodes provide supporting information. It was found that a detailed quality assessment of the measured data is important for such challenging field site operations, requiring adapted measurement schemes to allow for the extraction of robust data in light of an environment highly contaminated by anthropogenic and natural noise components. Finally, possible short- and long-term improvements to the system are discussed and recommendations for future installations are developed.
A Statistical Analysis of Rogue Waves in the Southern North Sea
Authors: Teutsch Ina , Weisse Ralf , Moeller Jens , Krueger Oliver
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A new wave dataset from the southern North Sea covering the period 2011–2016 and composed of wave buoy and radar measurements sampling the sea surface height at frequencies between 1.28–4 Hz was quality controlled and scanned for the presence of rogue waves. Here rogue waves refer to waves whose height exceeds twice the significant wave height. Rogue wave frequencies were analysed, compared to Rayleigh and Forristall distributions, and spatial, seasonal and long-term variability was assessed. Rogue wave frequency appeared to be relatively constant over the course of the year and uncorrelated among the different measurement sites. While data from buoys basically correspond with expectations from the Forristall distribution, radar measurement showed some deviations in the upper tail pointing towards higher rogue wave frequencies. Number of data available in the upper tail is, however, still limited to allow a robust assessment. Some indications were found that the distribution of waves in samples with and without rogue waves were different in a statistical sense. However, differences were small and deemed not to be relevant as attempts to use them as a criterion for rogue wave detection were not successful in Monte Carlo experiments based on the available data.
Using seismic attributes in seismotectonic research: an application to the Norcia Mw = 6.5 earthquake (30 October 2016) in central Italy
Authors: Ercoli Maurizio , Forte Emanuele , Porreca Massimiliano , Carbonell Ramon , Pauselli Cristina , Minelli Giorgio , Barchi Massimiliano R.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In seismotectonic studies, seismic reflection data are a powerful
tool to unravel the complex deep architecture of active faults. Such
tectonic structures are usually mapped at the surface through traditional
geological surveying, whilst seismic reflection data may help to trace their
continuation from the near surface down to hypocentral depths. On seismic
reflection data, seismic attributes are commonly used by the oil and gas
industry to aid exploration. In this study, we propose using seismic
attributes in seismotectonic research for the first time. The study area is
a geologically complex region of central Italy, struck during 2016–2017
by a long-lasting seismic sequence, including a Mw 6.5 main shock. Three
vintage seismic reflection profiles are currently the only ones available at
the regional scale across the epicentral zone. These represent a singular
opportunity to attempt a seismic attribute analysis by running attributes
like the “energy” and the “pseudo-relief”. Our results are critical, as
they provide information on the relatively deep structural setting, mapping
a prominent, high-amplitude regional reflector interpreted as the top of
basement, which is an important rheological boundary. Complex patterns of
high-angle discontinuities crossing the reflectors have also been identified
by seismic attributes. These steeply dipping fabrics are interpreted as the
expression of fault zones belonging to the active normal fault systems
responsible for the seismicity of the region. Such peculiar seismic
signatures of faulting are consistent with the principal geological and
tectonic structures exposed at surface. In addition, we also provide
convincing evidence of an important primary tectonic structure currently
debated in the literature (the Norcia antithetic fault) as well as several
buried secondary fault splays. This work demonstrates that seismic attribute
analysis, even if used on low-quality vintage 2D data, may contribute to
improving the subsurface geological interpretation in areas characterized by
limited and/or low-quality subsurface data but with potentially high seismic
hazard.
Geothermal heat flow in Antarctica: current and future directions
Authors: Burton-Johnson Alex , Dziadek Ricarda , Martin Carlos
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Antarctic geothermal heat flow (GHF) affects the temperature of the ice sheet, determining its ability to slide and internally deform, as well as the behaviour of the continental crust. However, GHF remains poorly constrained, with few and sparse local, borehole-derived estimates, and large discrepancies in the magnitude and distribution of existing continent-scale estimates from geophysical models. We review the methods to extract GHF, compile borehole and probe-derived estimates from measured temperature profiles, and recommend the following future directions: 1) Obtain more borehole-derived estimates from the subglacial bedrock and englacial temperature profiles. 2) Estimate GHF beneath the interior of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (the region most sensitive to GHF variation) via long-wavelength microwave emissivity. 3) Estimate GHF from inverse glaciological modelling, constrained by evidence for basal melting. 4) Revise geophysically-derived GHF estimates using a combination of Curie depth, seismic, and thermal isostasy models. 5) Integrate in these geophysical approaches a more accurate model of the structure and distribution of heat production elements within the crust, and considering heterogeneities in the underlying mantle. And 6) continue international interdisciplinary communication and data access.
Vowel unpredictability in Hijazi Arabic monosyllabic verbs
Authors: Ahyad Honaida , Becker Michael
Published: March 2020

We study the distribution of vowels in the monosyllabic verbs of Urban Hijazi Arabic, showing that speakers use the presence of a root emphatic consonant to partially predict the quality of stem vowels. The effect of the emphatic is observed in the lexicon, and is productively extended to nonce verbs, showing that speakers generalize over lexical representations that include both vowels and consonants; the purely consonantal representations that are commonly assumed for Arabic are insufficient to capture speakers’ knowledge of consonant-vowel interactions. We propose a probabilistic analysis that learns lexical trends from surface forms and extends them productively to nonce words.
Robert C. Neville: A Systematic, Nonconformist, Comparative Philosopher of Religion
Authors: Song Bin
Published: March 2020

Neville’s comparative study of religion cannot be neatly categorized into current divisions of human knowledge of religion. Its comparative method of vague categories remains hospitable to varying scholarly interests. With the help of this methodology, Neville contributes in a sui generis fashion to the Christian-Ru transcendence debate. An analysis of these three aspects of Neville’s work supports reflection upon the nature and future of comparative study of religion.
The Naivete of Neville’s Religion: A Celebratory Yet Despairing Reading
Authors: Irvine Andrew B.
Published: March 2020

A detailed review of the theory of religion presented by Robert Cummings Neville in Religion, the third and concluding volume of his Philosophical Theology, leads into a critical response to Neville’s notions of symbolic engagement of ultimacy and second naivete. The approach is framed by concern for our perilous ecological and human future. It is both philosophical and literary in form, and driven by the haunting role of nothing in Neville’s account of the contingency of ultimate reality(ies). Neville’s theory of religion is distinguished from and far superior to reigning ways of seeing the subject in the fields of confessional theology and religious studies. However, the present response comes to focus with a celebratory yet despairing appreciation of the possibility of second naivete in religion. It aims to show, as much as say, that the normative commendation of ontological faith, which consummates Neville’s theology, may rest in part on personal dispositions that, hard though it is to believe, underplay the despair bred by religious life engaged with persistent nothing, the ultimate contingency of nature and being.
The Center of Neville’s Vision: An Elegant Axiology
Authors: Frankenberry Nancy
Published: March 2020

This essay examines three themes that form the foundation of Neville’s philosophical system as formulated in his trilogy Axiology of Thinking, which consists of Reconstruction of Thinking (volume 1), Recovery of the Measure (volume 2) and Normative Cultures (volume 3). Some questions are raised about each theme, as well as about the very meaning of “foundation” as it plays out in Neville’s ontology.
The Craft of Factory Labor
Authors: Klekot Ewa
Published: March 2020

Ceramics can be art, craft, and industrial production. Several stages of industrial production processes resulting in a porcelain item we buy in a shop require what can easily be called “craft.” Drawing on my ongoing research project in a porcelain factory in Ćmielów, Poland, I focus on the skills and embodied knowledge of the workers. In this article, I ground my interpretation of factory work in Malafouris’ Material Engagement Theory and the knowledge category of mētis.
SIZE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF FIELD CROP FARMS
Authors: Komorowska Dorota
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is the assessment of the management effectiveness of production resources on farms of various sizes focused on cultivating cereal, oil and protein crops against a background of total field-crop farms and total farms. The assessment covered farms encompassed by the FADN system in 2017 in the scope of production organization and intensity, production and economic results as well as the effective management of resources. The productivity and profitability of resources on cereal farms was found to be on a far lower level, however, as farm size increased, the productivity of land resources generally rose, too. There is a reverse tendency when compared to the tendencies observed in the total number of farms, including horticulture farms. Together with an increase in farm size, differences in profitability declined. The greatest differences were observed when it came to land resource profitability, while the least in the scope of labour profitability. Therefore, it can be assumed that by increasing the size of cereal farms, the effectiveness of managing land resources on such agricultural holdings will clearly improve.
SUPPORTING INVESTMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN THE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE PROVINCE – A CASE STUDY OF THE BOROUGH OF KĘSOWO
Authors: Wielewska Izabela
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study was to present issues in the field of supporting the production and distribution of energy from renewable sources, especially photovoltaic systems, in Kęsowo Borough. Energy from renewable sources enables energy efficiency and security to increase. In 2018, the Marshal’s Office in Toruń carried out activities supporting the production and distribution of energy from renewable sources as part of the Regional Operational Programme of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. One of the beneficiaries that obtained information on the demand for RES from the inhabitants of the Province was the rural Kęsowo Borough. Research employed the desk research analysis method. Analysis of subject literature and data from the Borough Office of Kęsowo facilitated establishing facts, verifying data and presenting results. 41 residents of Kęsowo Borough took advantage of the opportunity to support investments in renewable energy, including photovoltaic installations, solar collector installations and air heat pumps. Research has shown that the Borough did not fully utilise the available pool of funds, while the photovoltaic installations with the requested average power of 5.22 kW enjoyed the greatest interest.
MEASURING ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY – EXPERIENCE OF MANAGING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Wasilewski Mirosław , Żurakowska-Sawa Joanna
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is to recognize management opinions on the issue of measuring economic efficiency in industrial enterprises.The article uses information from an interview conducted with the use of a questionnaire. The research objects were industrial enterprises represented by joint stock companies from the macro-sector of industry according to the classification of the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). In order to assess the economic effectiveness of enterprises, profitability ratios are most often used by managers. The assessment of economic efficiency in over half of the companies is carried out quarterly, by special departments, as well as by accounting departments, which are responsible for this. Managers in each economic unit, individually and with regard to information or decision-making needs, should specify the scope as well as the criteria for measuring economic efficiency. Both financial and non-financial measures should be used to measure economic efficiency in enterprises.
Review of methods for assessing traffic conditions on basic motorway and expressway sections
Authors: Romanowska Aleksandra , Jamroz Kazimierz , Olszewski Piotr
Published: March 2020

Motorways and expressways are the core of each country’s road system. Road planning, design and management requires tools to ensure that roads have the right geometry, traffic layout and equipment. These include methods for capacity estimation and assessing traffic conditions. Because the paper focusses on the basic segments of motorways and expressways (sections located between interchanges and outside of their influence), its objective is to review and compare methods used worldwide and establish whether their assumptions or procedures could be used in Polish conditions. Four methods were selected for analysis: US, German, Swedish and Dutch. Theoretical and empirical comparisons were conducted, with the latter using data from sections of motorways and expressways in Poland collected in the RID-2B project. The results of the analyses showed important differences between the methods in terms of procedures for traffic conditions assessment, assumptions, base capacities, traffic conditions measures, factors or speed-flow models. Significant differences were also found when traffic parameter estimates made with particular methods were compared to real data from Polish roads. The results contributed to the development of Poland’s new method, to be prepared as a result of the RID-2B project. It was concluded that none of the analysed methods can be directly adopted to Polish conditions. An important conclusion is the need to include Poland-specific motorway speed limits and procedure for determining free-flow speed, the basis for further analyses.
Analysis of vehicle stability loss due to strong crosswind gusts using web services in the route planning process
Authors: Betkier Igor , Mitkow Szymon , Kijek Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Weather conditions play a significant role in road safety. One of its component is a wind influence, which may be affected the moving vehicle from different angles. The final result of such action can take typical kinds of behavior like overturn, slideslip and rotation. Accordingly, vehicles with high side profile are particularly vulnerable to such specific phenomena, what made the planning process more difficult and complex. The article analyses possibilities of a stability loss of a truck vehicle due to strong crosswind gusts. The authors synthesized the model proposed in the literature with available web technologies and the needs of a transport market. Moreover, a method which evaluate a danger of reaching the friction limit by all of the vehicle wheels (slideslip) was developed and is practicable to use. The proposed solution is based on the RESTful API of the weather and web mapping services which allows to collate a direction and a force of wind with a direction of movement and a side profile of the vehicle moving between two locations. What is more a weather forecast is allowed to adopt appropriate variables to compute the air density and evaluate friction coefficients. From the other hand the method uses actual parameters of a vehicle such as axle loads, distance between axles, center of mass location and kind of axle (driven or not). The assumption, which consist in sequencing routes for smaller parts, made it possible to achieve the high accuracy of results on tested areas. The proposed method is simple to implement in any programming language and it can be extended by new functionalities. The analyzed issue can also be a starting point for intelligent systems that can be used in autonomous vehicles.
Research on the road linear optimization design of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Yuwen , Chen Xiaoxin
Published: March 2020

It is easy to skid and roll by centrifugal force and wind, which affects the safety of the vehicle. At the same time, the special location of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon will accelerate the wind, and make the transverse wind play a more important role in driving vehicles. Based on the acceleration effect of canyons on wind, the vehicle model is simulated by Carsim software, and the road and wind models are established. It is studied that the vehicle has different radius of circular curve under different wind levels, corresponding to different superelevation. The lateral acceleration, lateral deflection and transverse force coefficient are selected as the running state of the vehicle at different speeds to research the linear optimization design of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon. The result shows that when the wind force exceeds the fifth grade, it is possible for the vehicle to overturn under the limit minimum radius required by the standard value. In order to ensure the stability and safety of the vehicle, this paper considers the geographical position of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon and the relationship between the radius of the superelevation and circular curve. What’s more, it puts forward the optimal limit minimum radius of the circular curve with different wind grades of 5-9 grades. At the same time, when the road alignment cannot be optimized under the condition, this paper puts forward the speed limit that the vehicle safety can be guaranteed under different wind speed conditions. The speed limit can provide reference for traffic management and safety guarantee of mountain expressway.
Modelling vehicular behaviour using trajectory data under non-lane based heterogeneous traffic conditions
Authors: Gaddam Hari Krishna , Rao K. Ramachandra
Published: March 2020

The present study aims to understand the interaction between different vehicle classes using various vehicle attributes and thereby obtain useful parameters for modelling traffic flow under non-lane based heterogeneous traffic conditions. To achieve this, a separate coordinate system has been developed to extract relevant data from vehicle trajectories. Statistical analysis results show that bi-modal and multi-modal distributions are accurate in representing vehicle lateral placement behaviour. These distributions help in improving the accuracy of microscopic simulation models in predicting vehicle lateral placement on carriageway. Vehicles off-centeredness behaviour with their leaders have significant impact on safe longitudinal headways which results in increasing vehicular density and capacity of roadway. Another interesting finding is that frictional clearance distance between vehicles influence their passing speed. Analysis revealed that the passing speeds of the fast moving vehicles such as cars are greatly affected by the presence of slow moving vehicles. However, slow moving vehicles does not reduce their speeds in the presence of fast moving vehicles. It is also found that gap sizes accepted by different vehicle classes are distributed according to Weibull, lognormal and 3 parameter log logistic distributions. Based on empirical observations, the study proposed a modified lateral separation distance factor and frictional resistance factor to model the non-lane heterogeneous traffic flow at macro level. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this study would help in developing a new methodology for modelling non-lane based heterogeneous traffic.
INNOVATIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN POLAND BY REGION
Authors: Chądrzyński Mariusz
Published: March 2020

The study analyses selected economic aspects of the innovative activity of industrial and service enterprises in Poland by voivodships. The share of innovation-active enterprises and innovative enterprises as well as the share of enterprise revenue from sales of new or significantly improved products in total sales revenue were analyzed. The study was prepared based on available secondary sources. The analysis applies to selected years of the period 2008-2017 due to the completeness and comparability of data. It was found, inter alia, that within the scope of measures of innovation adopted in the study, there were multidirectional fluctuations in voivodships. A positive relationship was found between expenditure on innovation activities and the share of revenue from the sale of new or significantly improved products in the total revenue from sales of most industrial enterprises, while a negative relationship was found in the case of service enterprises. One can notice occurring polarization among voivodships in the scope of their parameters subjected to analysis. This is confirmed by the fact that Poland is continuously divided into voivodships that are leaders of innovative activities, as well as those that require special assistance in this respect.
Classificação de Espécies de Plantas Usando Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Britto Larissa , Pacífico Luciano
Published: March 2020

Plants play an important role in nature, but correct plant species identification is still a challenging task for non-specialized people. Many works have been proposed towards the development of automatic plant species recognition systems through Machine Learning methods, but most of them lack the proper experimental analysis. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a general-purpose Artificial Neural Network to perform plant classification task: the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM).We compare ELM with several classifiers from plant recognition literature by means of three real-world data sets obtained from different image processing and feature extraction processes. A statistical hypothesis test is employed to perform proper experimental evaluation.
Classificação de Ervas Daninhas em Culturas Agrícolas com Comitês de Redes Neurais Convolucionais
Authors: Carvalho Vitor , Guedes Elloá , Salame Marcos
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor e avaliar o uso de comitês de redes neurais convolucionais aplicados à classificação de culturas agrícolas e de ervas daninhas a partir de imagens de mudas. Para tanto, foi considerada uma preparação dos dados de treinamento, a utilização de cinco arquiteturas de redes neurais convolucionais e a elaboração de três comitês com diferentes agregações. Para as redes individuais, uma acurácia de 95,77% foi obtida com o uso da rede MobileNet, e o comitê mediado por uma Máquina de Vetores de Suporte obteve acurácia de 97,08%. Os resultados obtidos colaboram em uma tarefa de Visão Computacional que potencializa o desenvolvimento da agricultura digital, favorecendo um melhor rendimento da produção agrícola.
Previsão de receitas de ICMS do estado do Espírito Santo através de Seleção de Características em Cascata e técnicas de Aprendizado de Máquina
Authors: Carmo Marcelo , Komati Karin , Boldt Francisco
Published: March 2020

Dois métodos para prever a arrecadação do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS) no estado do Espírito Santo (ES) são propostos. O primeiro usa uma rede neural artificial com uma seleção de características em cascata, e o segundo usa uma combinação de métodos estatísticos. O método de aprendizagem de máquina proposto superou a rede neural univariada de referencia, com previsões em uma janela deslizante de seis meses a frente para épocas de teste em 2018. O combinado de métodos estatísticos superou na média todos os demais nas 120 épocas testadas.
Classificação de imagens de ideogramas Kuzushiji com Redes Neurais Convolucionais
Authors: Martins Lucimara , Júnior Mario , Serapião Adriane
Published: March 2020

Este artigo avalia algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina para a classificação de um conjunto de imagens de ideogramas japoneses, em estilo cursivo Kuzushiji. Atualmente tal estilo está em desuso no Japão mas foi amplamente utilizado por séculos em manuscritos. Por isso há um desafio para construir um modelo que transcreva automaticamente os antigos ideogramas Kuzushij para o hiragana a fim de recuperar documentos históricos. Este artigo propõe uma contribuição para a identificação de tais ideogramas Kuzushiji em seus diferentes estilos cursivos, usando Redes Neurais Convolucionais. Os resultados foram comparados com um trabalho de base e com outros algoritmos de classificação de Aprendizado de Máquina, obtendo resultados melhores que o trabalho de base.
Winograd Schemas in Portuguese
Authors: Melo Gabriela De , Imaizumi Vinicius , Cozman Fábio
Published: March 2020

The Winograd Schema Challenge has become a common benchmark for question answering and natural language processing. The original set of Winograd Schemas was created in English; in order to stimulate the development of Natural Language Processing in Portuguese, we have developed a set of Winograd Schemas in Portuguese. We have also adapted solutions proposed for the English-based version of the challenge so as to have an initial baseline for its Portuguese-based version; to do so, we created a language model for Portuguese based on a set of Wikipedia documents.
Uma Proposta para a Autenticação de Estações de Trabalho em Redes Definidas por Software com Utilização de Certificados Auto-Assinados
Authors: Souza Osiel O. , Nobre Jeferson C.
Published: March 2020

Ao mesmo tempo em que a arquitetura das redes definidas por software (Software Defined Networking - SDN) apresenta-se promissora, existem alguns desafios de segurança a serem transpostos na implementação de tal tecnologia. A necessidade de autenticação dos componentes da rede torna-se uma questão fundamental em SDN devido a centralização lógica dos controladores. Uma estação atacante poderia hospedar aplicações maliciosas e disparar ataques contra o plano de controle, tornando a rede vulnerável. Este trabalho propõe a implementação de uma infraestrutura de chaves públicas aliada a utilização de certificados auto-assinados como uma possível solução ao problema de autenticação da origem em uma SDN OpenFlow.
Application of Nanomaterials in Environmental Improvement
Authors: Salman Ali Ali
Published: March 2020

In recent years, researchers used many scientific studies to improve modern technologies in the field of reducing the phenomenon of pollution resulting from them. In this chapter, methods to prepare nanomaterials are described, and the main properties such as mechanical, electrical, and optical properties and their relations are determined. The investigation of nanomaterials needed high technologies that depend on a range of nanomaterials from 1 to 100 nm; these are scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffractions (XRD). The applications of nanomaterials in environmental improvement are different from one another depending on the type of devices used, for example, solar cells for producing clean energy, nanotechnologies in coatings for building exterior surfaces, and sonochemical decolorization of dyes by the effect of nanocomposite.