bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracheid dimensions of Norway spruce in uneven-aged stands
Authors: Pyörälä Jiri , Piispanen Riikka , Valkonen Sauli , Lundqvist Sven-Olof
Published: October 2021

Tracheid length and width patterns from pith to bark at a height of 0.6 m in uneven-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were studied. Identification of the main factors and a comparison with even-aged stands were also carried out. Ninety-six trees were sampled from experimental stands in southern Finland. The material encompassed the variation in tracheid properties from early years to silvicultural maturity, i.e., from corewood to outerwood up to a cambial age of 111 years. Data from 39 Norway spruce trees from even-aged stands were utilized for comparison. Models fitted to the data indicated that annual ring widths did not influence mean tracheid dimensions but that the latewood proportion had a significant influence on tracheid dimensions. Tracheids in uneven-aged stands were slightly wider and longer at the base of the stem in trees with a similar diameter, cambial age, and annual ring number.
Polarization tensor of magnetized quark-gluon plasma at nonzero baryon density
Authors: Wang Xinyang , Shovkovy Igor
Published: October 2021

We derive a general expression for the absorptive part of the one-loop photon polarization tensor in a strongly magnetized quark-gluon plasma at nonzero baryon chemical potential. To demonstrate the application of the main result in the context of heavy-ion collisions, we study the effect of a nonzero baryon chemical potential on the photon emission rate. The rate and the ellipticity of photon emission are studied numerically as a function the transverse momentum (energy) for several values of temperature and chemical potential. When the chemical potential is small compared to the temperature, the rates of the quark and antiquark splitting processes (i.e., $$q\rightarrow q +\gamma $$

q
→
q
+
γ

and $${\bar{q}}\rightarrow {\bar{q}} +\gamma $$

q

¯

→

q

¯

+
γ

, respectively) are approximately the same. However, the quark splitting gradually becomes the dominant process with increasing the chemical potential. We also find that increasing the chemical potential leads to a growing total photon production rate but has only a small effect on the ellipticity of photon emission. The quark-antiquark annihilation ($$q+{\bar{q}}\rightarrow \gamma $$

q
+

q

¯

→
γ

) also contributes to the photon production, but its contribution remains relatively small for a wide range of temperatures and chemical potentials investigated.
Remarks on inverse electrodynamics
Authors: Gaete Patricio , Helayël-Neto José A.
Published: October 2021

We study physical aspects for a new nonlinear electrodynamics (inverse electrodynamics). It is shown that this new electrodynamics displays the vacuum birefringence phenomenon in the presence of external magnetic field, hence we compute the bending of light. Afterwards we compute the lowest-order modification to the interaction energy within the framework of the gauge-invariant but path-dependent variables formalism. Our calculations show that the interaction energy contains a long-range ($${1 \big / {{r^5}}}$$1/r5-type) correction to the Coulomb potential.
Chloride transport modulators as drug candidates
Authors: Verkman Alan S. , Galietta Luis J. V.
Published: October 2021

Chloride transport across cell membranes is broadly involved in epithelial fluid transport, cell volume and pH regulation, muscle contraction, membrane excitability, and organellar acidification. The human genome encodes at least 53 chloride-transporting proteins with expression in cell plasma or intracellular membranes, which include chloride channels, exchangers, and cotransporters, some having broad anion specificity. Loss-of-function mutations in chloride transporters cause a wide variety of human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, secretory diarrhea, kidney stones, salt-wasting nephropathy, myotonia, osteopetrosis, hearing loss, and goiter. Although impactful advances have been made in the past decade in drug treatment of cystic fibrosis using small molecule modulators of the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, other chloride channels and solute carrier proteins (SLCs) represent relatively underexplored target classes for drug discovery. New opportunities have emerged for the development of chloride transport modulators as potential therapeutics for secretory diarrheas, constipation, dry eye disorders, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Approaches to chloride transport-targeted drug discovery are reviewed herein, with focus on chloride channel and exchanger classes in which recent preclinical advances have been made in the identification of small molecule modulators and in proof of concept testing in experimental animal models.
Mechanisms underlying the prokinetic effects of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 in the rat proximal colon
Authors: Nakamori Hiroyuki , Iida Koji , Hashitani Hikaru
Published: October 2021

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) activates CGRP-containing intrinsic afferent neurons resulting in the acceleration of colonic peristalsis. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate the secretion of endogenous GLP-1 from L cells that accelerates colonic peristalsis. Thus, besides the well-known humoral insulinotropic action, GLP-1 exerts a local action via the activation of the enteric nervous system to accelerate colonic motility. Such a prokinetic action of GLP-1 could underlie the mechanisms causing diarrhea in patients with type-2 diabetes treated with GLP-1 analogs.
Brain-gut communication: vagovagal reflexes interconnect the two “brains”
Authors: Powley Terry L.
Published: October 2021

The gastrointestinal tract has its own “brain,” the enteric nervous system or ENS, that executes routine housekeeping functions of digestion. The dorsal vagal complex in the central nervous system (CNS) brainstem, however, organizes vagovagal reflexes and establishes interconnections between the entire neuroaxis of the CNS and the gut. Thus, the dorsal vagal complex links the “CNS brain” to the “ENS brain.” This brain-gut connectome provides reflex adjustments that optimize digestion and assimilation of nutrients and fluid. Vagovagal circuitry also generates the plasticity and adaptability needed to maintain homeostasis to coordinate among organs and to react to environmental situations. Arguably, this dynamic flexibility provided by the vagal circuitry may, in some circumstances, lead to or complicate maladaptive disorders.
Inducing neuroplasticity through intracranial θ-burst stimulation in the human sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Herrero Jose L. , Smith Alexander , Mishra Akash , Markowitz Noah , Mehta Ashesh D. , Bickel Stephan
Published: October 2021

θ-Burst stimulation (TBS) protocols in transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have shown improved treatment efficacy in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The optimal protocol to induce neuroplasticity in invasive direct electrical stimulation approaches is not known. We report that intracranial TBS applied in human sensorimotor cortex increases local coherence of preexistent β rhythms. The effect is specific to the stimulation frequency and the stimulated network and outlasts the stimulation period by ∼3 min.
Optimal Placement of Wind Power Plants in Transmission Power Networks by Applying an Effectively Proposed Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Duong Minh Quan , Nguyen Thang Trung , Nguyen Thuan Thanh
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a modified equilibrium algorithm (MEA) is proposed for optimally determining the position and capacity of wind power plants added in a transmission power network with 30 nodes and effectively selecting operation parameters for other electric components of the network. Two single objectives are separately optimized, including generation cost and active power loss for the case of placing one wind power plant (WPP) and two wind power plants (WPPs) at predetermined nodes and unknown nodes. In addition to the proposed MEA, the conventional equilibrium algorithm (CEA), heap-based optimizer (HBO), forensic-based investigation (FBI), and modified social group optimization (MSGO) are also implemented for the cases. Result comparisons indicate that the generation cost and power loss can be reduced effectively, thanks to the suitable location selection and appropriate power determination for WPPs. In addition, the generation cost and loss of the proposed MEA are also less than those from other compared methods. Thus, it is recommended that WPPs should be placed in power systems to reduce cost and loss, and MEA is a powerful method for the placement of wind power plants in power systems.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Bladder: Critical Features to Differentiate Occupied Lesions
Authors: Liu Qiping , Gong Huiling , Zhu Hui , Yuan Chunyan , Hu Bin
Published: October 2021

Objective. To study the clinical diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in bladder occupied lesions. Methods. 38 cases of conventional-ultrasound-found bladder occupied lesions did color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and CEUS checks. By comparing the difference between two types of blood flow imaging technologies in displaying the flow of bladder occupied lesions and observing the perfusion modes of contrast agents to enter lesions, the perfusion characteristics of CEUS were analyzed. Finally, they were contrasted with the surgical pathology results. Results. Of all the 38 cases, there were 51 bladder occupied lesions, including 43 bladder malignant tumors, 2 bladder inverted papillomas, and 6 glandular cystitis lesions. The blood flow display rate of bladder occupied lesions was 100% using CEUS. Apparently, it was higher than that of CDFI (62.7%), and the result of these showed a statistically significant difference (

P
<
0.05

). Using CEUS, 46 malignant lesions and 5 glandular cystitis lesions were indicated, and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 86.3%. Conclusion. CEUS can improve the blood flow display rate of bladder occupied lesions, and it can also observe the real-time blood flow of these lesions. It can help judge their nature and has a higher clinical value in differentiating the benign from the malignant.
Growth and Carotenoid Contents of Intercropped Vegetables in Building-Integrated Urban Agriculture
Authors: Ju Jin-Hee , Cho Sun-Young , Song Hee-Yeon , Ju Seyoung , Yoon Yong-Han , Yeum Kyung-Jin
Published: October 2021

Sustainable food security due to climate and social change is more important than ever. This study was conducted to increase plant growth and bioactive contents using intercropping technology in urban agriculture. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) were intercropped in different ratios in outdoor rooftop, and lettuce (Lactuca savita L.) was grown with chicory (Cichorium intybus. L.) in the indoor LED plant growth chambers. Carotenoids in plant foods were analyzed using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Chlorophyll contents were determined by the soil analysis development chlorophyll meter. Tomatoes planted with sunflowers (3 : 1) had a significantly larger stem diameter (

p
<
0.05

), a large number of leaves (

p
<
0.05

), and significantly higher lycopene at d88 (

p
<
0.05

), d102 (

p
<
0.001

), and d115 (

p
<
0.01

), and β-carotene contents at d102 (

p
<
0.05

) as compared to those of monocultured tomatoes. Lettuce planted in a ratio of 1 : 3 with lettuce and chicory had significantly higher contents of chlorophyll (

p
<
0.05

), β-carotene (

p
<
0.05

), and lutein (

p
<
0.01

), than lettuce planted alone. On the other hand, intercropping of chicory and lettuce did not have a beneficial effect on the growth and carotenoid content of chicory. The current study indicates that plant growth and carotenoid content can be substantially modified by cocultivation, and the effects may vary depending on the type of plant and the crop ratio.
Housing Rental Incentive and Development Empirical Analysis from the Perspective of Financial Decentralization
Authors: Zhang Xuanxuan
Published: October 2021

This study aims to evaluate and analyze the implementation effect by central government of the housing rental market in different cities in the context of rent and purchase in parallel. Game theory and panel data empirical analysis were used to study the subsidy transmission mechanism of the development of the housing rental market under the perspective of financial decentralization. The central finance played an indirect role in the development of the local housing rental market, and the local government’s support for the local housing rental market was an intermediary variable. To promote the rapid and healthy development of the domestic housing rental market, the central government needs to make top-level design and give certain local policies and financial support. At the same time, local governments must actively implement relevant policies of the central government and support corresponding local support policies.
Sixth Generation (6G) Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) Application, Requirements, Security Issues, and Key Challenges
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Muzamil , Du Liping , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Yueyun , Ahmed Zahoor , Qureshi Bushra
Published: October 2021

Recently, 5G installation has been started globally. Different capabilities are in the consistent procedure, like ultrareliability, mass connectivity, and specific low latency. Though, 5G is insufficient to meet all the necessities of the future technology in 2030 and so on. Next generation information and communication technology is playing an important role in attraction of researchers, industries, and technical people. With respect to 5G networks, sixth‐generation (6G) CR networks are anticipated to familiarize innovative use cases and performance metrics, such as to offer worldwide coverage, cost efficiency, enhanced spectral, energy improved intelligence, and safety. To reach such requirements, upcoming 6G CRNs will trust novel empowering technologies. Innovative network architecture and transmission technologies and air interface are of excessive position, like multiple accesses, waveform design, multiantenna technologies, and channel coding schemes. (1) To content, the condition should be of worldwide coverage, there will be no limit on 6G to global CR communication networks that may require to be completed with broadcast networks, like satellite communication networks, therefore, attaining a sea integrated communication network. (2) The spectrums overall will be entirely travelled to the supplementary rise connection density data rates in optical frequency bands, millimeter wave (mmWave), sub‐6 GHz, and terahertz (THz). (3) To see big datasets created because of tremendously varied CR communication networks, antenna rush, diverse communication scenarios, new provision necessities, wide bandwidth, and 6G CRNs will allow an innovative variety of intelligent applications with the assistance of big data and AI technologies. (4) Need to improve network security when deploying 6G technology in CR networks. 6G is decentralized, intended, intelligent innovative, and distributed network. In this article, we studied a survey of current developments and upcoming trends. We studied the predicted applications, possible technologies, and security issues for 6G CR network communication. We also discussed predicted future key challenges in 6G.
Mental Nerve Paraesthesia: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Endodontic Etiology
Authors: Patel Neeta , Langaliya Akshayraj , Kanodia Shikha , Kumbhar Aravind , Buch Aastha , Shah Aarshvi , Bhatt Himani , Panchal Drashti , Shah Sharan , Shah Jinali
Published: October 2021

Paraesthesia of the mental nerve can occur due to various etiological factors. Rarely, dental infections can cause paraesthesia. However, this article discusses two cases of endodontic etiology in the mental nerve region as a causative factor for paraesthesia. In the first case, the patient had severe pain localized to his right mandible, with numbness of his lower lip. Endodontic treatment led to quick regression and resolution of paraesthesia. In the second case, a patient who was referred for retreatment of a mandibular second premolar infection developed profound paraesthesia in the region of the mental nerve distribution following prior therapy. Possible mechanisms responsible for periapical infection-related paraesthesia are discussed here. CBCT imaging may be useful in the diagnosis and management of such conditions.
Key Node Discovery Algorithm Based on Multiple Relationships and Multiple Features in Social Networks
Authors: Li Xianyong , Tang Ying , Du Yajun , Li Yanjie
Published: October 2021

The key nodes play important roles in the processes of information propagation and opinion evolution in social networks. Previous work rarely considered multiple relationships and features into key node discovery algorithms at the same time. Based on the relational networks including the forwarding network, replying network, and mentioning network in a social network, this paper first proposes an algorithm of the overlapping user relational network to extract different relational networks with same nodes. Integrated with these relational networks, a multirelationship network is established. Subsequently, a key node discovery (KND) algorithm is presented on the basis of the shortest path, degree centrality, and random walk features in the multirelationship network. The advantages of the proposed KND algorithm are proved by the SIR propagation model and the normalized discounted cumulative gain on the multirelationship networks and single-relation networks. The experiment’s results show that the proposed KND method for finding the key nodes is superior to other baseline methods on different networks.
Relationship between Acute Mastitis and Constitution of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chinese Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Bao Yijia , Hu Jingyi , Qin Yuenong
Published: October 2021

Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between acute mastitis and the constitution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the potential risk factors of acute mastitis in Chinese breastfeeding mothers. Method. A retrospective study on infant feeding practices was conducted in the Breast Surgery Department of Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2017 and March 2018. A total of 184 women with acute mastitis and 201 women without mastitis of childbearing age were included in this study. All participants filled a baseline questionnaire on demographic characteristics, previous deliveries, and mastitis history and other possible risk factors; data were collected by face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to ascertain pertinent risk factors affecting the incidence of acute mastitis. The biased constitution of TCM of participants was identified through questionnaires surveyed with the TCM constitution table (ZYYXH/T157-2009). The relationship between acute mastitis and the constitution of TCM was assessed. Results. The protective factors included regular nipple cleansing and cesarean section. The risk factors were nipple infection, Primipara, improper diet, emotional stimuli, postpartum colostrum overdue for more than 72 h, breastfeeding more than 7 times each day, and late primiparity age. Forty-five percent of acute mastitis occurred within 8 weeks after postpartum, and the most common biased constitution of TCM at this period was Qi-Deficiency Constitution (QDC) and Qi-Stagnation Constitution (QSC). Another peak was 25–48 weeks after delivery, accounting for 18%, and the most common biased constitution of TCM was QSC and QDC. More participants were or were prone to be classified as Balanced Constitution (BC) in the control group than the case group (88.5% vs 29.6%), while QDC was the most common constitution of TCM in the case group. The logistic regression analysis further proved that BC was the protective factor of acute mastitis while QDC was a risk factor. Conclusions. The protective factors of acute mastitis were regular nipple cleansing and cesarean section. The risk factor was nipple infection. Among all the constitutions of TCM, BC was a protective factor, while QDC was a risk factor. For all breastfeeding mothers with various constitutions of TCM, regular nipple cleansing and breast vacuuming, a healthy lifestyle, and a positive mental state can keep mastitis away.
CircPTK2 (hsa_circ_0003221) Contributes to Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by the miR-1278/YAP1 Axis
Authors: Yang Zhendong , Jin Jianping , Chang Tao
Published: October 2021

Laryngeal cancer accounts for 20% of all head and neck malignancies. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common type of laryngeal cancer and is characterized by squamous differentiation, a high mortality rate, and poor prognosis. Accumulating studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical regulators in many cancers. CircPTK2 exerts an important regulatory role in several cancers. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of circPTK2 (hsa_circ_0003221) in LSCC. Through a series of investigations, we discovered that circPTK2 was significantly upregulated in LSCC tissues cells. Functionally, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analyses revealed that knockdown of circPTK2 suppressed LSCC cell viability and the cell cycle while promoting cell apoptosis. Notably, silencing circPTK2 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circPTK2 functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-1278 to upregulate YAP1 expression in LSCC cells. Moreover, YAP1 knockdown inhibited malignant phenotypes of LSCC cells. The rescue experiments showed that YAP1 overexpression reversed the effects of circPTK2 on LSCC cells. Therefore, we concluded that circPTK2 facilitates LSCC progression through the miR-1278/YAP1 axis.
Influence of Diagnostic Informing on Negative Emotions, Illness Perception, Self-Perceived Burden, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Xu Wei , Tang Juan , Chen Jie
Published: October 2021

Objective. To investigate the influence of diagnostic informing on negative emotions, illness perception (IP), self-perceived burden (SPB), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Methods. A total of 261 patients with gastrointestinal tumors admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected. According to whether the patients were informed of the disease diagnosis, they were divided into the informing group (n = 125) and the concealment group (n = 136). The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the self-rating depression scale (SDS), the brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ), the self-perceived burden scale (SPBS), and the PTSD checklist-civilian version (PCL-C) were used to investigate the two groups. Results. The SAS and SDS scores of the informing group were lower than those of the concealment group (t = 7.853 and 6.444,P < 0.05). The total BIPQ score of the informing group was higher than that of the concealment group (t = −4.089,P < 0.05). The total SPBS score of the informing group was lower than that in the concealment group (t = 2.443,P < 0.05). The total PCL-C score of the informing group was lower than that of the concealment group (t = 2.173,P < 0.05). Conclusion. Diagnosis informing can reduce the negative emotions, increase positive IP, and reduce the risk of SPB and PTSD in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
The Effects of Garlic and Red Chilli Pepper Powder on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Properties of Cincalok
Authors: Nofiani Risa , Syahmurdiandi Novi Maulidi , Ardiningsih Puji
Published: October 2021

Cincalok, a traditional fermented shrimp, is prepared by mixing rebon shrimps (Acetes sp) with coarse salt and granulated sugar in a certain ratio. This research was aimed at studying the effect of adding garlic and red chilli pepper powder on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of cincalok. Cincalok was made to be three recipes, namely, original cincalok, A, consists of 2 kg of rebon shrimp, 400 g of granulated sugar, and 100 g of coarse salt; B (A ingredients plus 20 g of red chilli pepper powder); and C (A ingredients plus 20 g of garlic powder). Sensory analysis was conducted on recipe A, and the colour was observed by the naked eye on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 43, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. According to the highest criterion score on sensory results, the panellists chose day 6 as the best fermentation for recipe A. The colour of recipe A started changing from pink to a light brown colour on the surface on day 28. Therefore, the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of each recipe were analyzed for 28 days. Overall, the water, ash, and fat content; titratable acid (TA); total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN); and amino acid nitrogen (AAN) showed insignificant differences (

p
>
0.05

) among the recipes during 28 days of the same observation. The crude protein, pH, and free fatty acid (FFA) of recipe C were significantly different (

p
<
0.05

) from recipes A and B. All recipes contained the total count of mesophilic anaerobic bacteria (TMABs) and the lactic acid bacteria (LABs) except Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae for all observation times. The highest criterion score for consumer acceptability was awarded for recipe C followed by recipes B and A. The addition of garlic and red chilli pepper powder affected the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of cincalok.
Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activity of Herb Extracts Used in Burn Wound Healing: “San Huang Powder”
Authors: Wu Jia-Ru , Lu Yu-Chu , Hung Sung-Jen , Lin Jung-Hsing , Chang Kai-Chih , Chen Jhong-Kuei , Tsai Wan-Ting , Ho Tsung-Jung , Chen Hao-Ping
Published: October 2021

“San Huang Powder,” a nonsterile milled herb powder, is frequently used to treat burn wounds in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, treating a wound with a nonsterile dressing or reagent is not compatible with the current guidelines in modern medicine. Therefore, we investigated the bactericidal and anti-inflammatory activities of four herb extracts used in “San Huang Powder” in vitro. Meanwhile, an in vivo porcine model with superficial second-degree burns was used for the experiments since the size and skin composition of pigs are the closest to that of the human body. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the herb extracts was determined. The in vitro assay indicated that Rhubarb and Phellodendron bark extracts decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, and GM-CSF on LPS-induced HMEC-1 cells. In accordance with this result, the histopathological evaluation results showed that the efficacy of “San Huang Powder” containing both herb materials was much better than the group without Rhubarb. Our results not only provide a basis to understand why “San Huang Powder” has been used to clinically treat wounds without sterilization directly since ancient times but also show the advantages of using multiple herb materials simultaneously on wound sites to prevent infection during treatment. Rhubarb is the recommended ingredient involved in the preparation of “San Huang Powder” to ensure the healing efficacy of burn wounds.
AIoT Used for COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control
Authors: Chen Shu-Wen , Gu Xiao-Wei , Wang Jia-Ji , Zhu Hui-Sheng
Published: October 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 is continuing to wreak havoc in 2021, with at least 170 million victims around the world. Healthcare systems are overwhelmed by the large-scale virus infection. Luckily, Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most effective paradigms in the intelligent world, in which the technology of artificial intelligence (AI), like cloud computing and big data analysis, is playing a vital role in preventing the spread of the pandemic of COVID-19. AI and 5G technologies are advancing by leaps and bounds, further strengthening the intelligence and connectivity of IoT applications, and conventional IoT has been gradually upgraded to be more powerful AI + IoT (AIoT). For example, in terms of remote screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients, AI technology based on machine learning and deep learning has recently upgraded medical equipment significantly and has reshaped the workflow with minimal contact with patients, so medical specialists can make clinical decisions more efficiently, providing the best protection not only to patients but also to specialists themselves. This paper reviews the latest progress made in combating COVID-19 with both IoT and AI and also provides comprehensive details on how to combat the pandemic of COVID-19 as well as the technologies that may be applied in the future.
Desensitization of TRPV1 Involved in the Antipruritic Effect of Osthole on Histamine-Induced Scratching Behavior in Mice
Authors: Yang Niuniu , Ju Ying , Huang Delun , Ling Kunhong , Jin Han , Liu Jiamin , Ma Jing , Chen Yongxin , Zhang Yingge , Zhu Chan , Yang Yan , Tang Zongxiang , Chen Xi , Wu Guanyi
Published: October 2021

Osthole has been isolated from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, which has been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat pruritic disorders for a long time. However, the antipruritic mechanism of osthole is not fully understood. In the present study, using calcium imaging, molecular docking, and animal scratching behavior, we analyzed the pharmacological effects of osthole on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The results showed that osthole significantly induced calcium influx in a dose-dependent manner in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Osthole-induced calcium influx was inhibited by AMG9810, an antagonist of TRPV1. Osthole and the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin-induced calcium influx were desensitized by pretreatment with osthole. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that osthole could bind to TRPV1 with a hydrogen bond by anchoring to the amino acid residue ARG557 in the binding pocket of TRPV1. In addition, TRPV1 is a downstream ion channel for the histamine H1 and H4 receptors to transmit itch signals. Osthole attenuated scratching behavior induced by histamine, HTMT (histamine H1 receptor agonist), and VUF8430 (histamine H4 receptor agonist) in mice. These results suggest that osthole inhibition of histamine-dependent itch may be due to the activation and subsequent desensitization of TRPV1 in DRG neurons.
An Expanded Heterogeneous Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Adaptive Inertia Weight
Authors: Zdiri Sami , Chrouta Jaouher , Zaafouri Abderrahmen
Published: October 2021

In this study, a modified version of multiswarm particle swarm optimization algorithm (MsPSO) is proposed. However, the classical MsPSO algorithm causes premature stagnation due to the limitation of particle diversity; as a result, it is simple to slip into a local optimum. To overcome the above feebleness, this work presents a heterogeneous multiswarm PSO algorithm based on adaptive inertia weight strategies called (A-MsPSO). The MsPSO’s main advantages are that it is simple to use and that there are few settings to alter. In the MsPSO method, the inertia weight is a key parameter affecting considerably convergence, exploration, and exploitation. In this manuscript, an adaptive inertia weight is adopted to ameliorate the global search ability of the classical MsPSO algorithm. Its performance is based on exploration, which is defined as an algorithm’s capacity to search through a variety of search spaces. It also aids in determining the best ideal capability for searching a small region and determining the candidate answer. If a swarm discovers a global best location during iterations, the inertia weight is increased, and exploration in that direction is enhanced. The standard tests and indications provided in the specialized literature are used to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, findings of comparisons between A-MsPSO and six other common PSO algorithms show that our proposal has a highly promising performance for handling various types of optimization problems, leading to both greater solution accuracy and more efficient solution times.
Local Stress Field Correction Method Based on a Genetic Algorithm and a BP Neural Network for In Situ Stress Field Inversion
Authors: Yao Tianzhi , Mo Zuguo , Qian Li , He Jianhua , Zhang Jianhai
Published: October 2021

The in situ stress field is the fundamental factor causing deformation and damage in geotechnical engineering, so it is the main basis for underground engineering design and excavation. However, it is difficult to accurately obtain the in situ stress through most existing inversion methods in areas with complex geological conditions. For the problem of a relatively discrete and nonlinear relationship of measured stress in the Yebatan Hydropower Station area, a new in situ stress inversion method called the local stress field correction (LSFC) method combining a genetic algorithm (GA), backpropagation (BP) neural network, and submodel method is proposed. The inverted in situ stress results produced by this method show that the distribution of in situ stress is greatly influenced by tectonic movements in the Yebatan area, there is no obvious linear relationship with depth, and the stress release phenomenon occurs at the faults. By comparison with the multiple regression method, it is found that the method still has high inversion accuracy under complex geological conditions, and the average relative error of LSFC inversion results is 17.05%, which is much lower than the value of 43.58% via the multiple regression method. Therefore, the LSFC method can be used for the inversion of in situ stress in complex geological regions and provide a reference for engineering design and construction.
A Novel SAR Image Target Recognition Algorithm under Big Data Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiang , Wang Xing , Chen You , Wang Haihan
Published: October 2021

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image target recognition technology is aimed at automatically determining the presence or absence of target information from the input SAR image and improving the efficiency and accuracy of SAR image interpretation. Based on big data analysis, dirty data is removed, clean data is returned, and standardized processing of SAR image data is realized. At the same time, by establishing a statistical model of coherent speckles, the convolutional autoencoder is used to denoise the SAR image. Finally, the network model modified by softmax cross‐entropy loss and Fisher loss is used for automatic target recognition. Based on the MSTAR data set, two scene graphs containing the target synthesized by the background image and the target slice are used for experiments. Several comparative experiments have verified the effectiveness of the classification and recognition model in this paper.
Applications of Machine Learning in Public Security Information and Resource Management
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Wang Jinyu
Published: October 2021

The data mining and big data technologies could be of utmost importance to investigate outbound and case datasets in the police records. New findings and useful information may potentially be obtained through data preprocessing and multidimensional modeling. Public security data is a kind of “big data,” having characteristics like large volume, rapid growth, various structures, large-scale storage, low density, and time sensitiveness. In this paper, a police data warehouse is constructed and a public security information analysis system is proposed. The proposed system comprises two modules: (i) case management and (ii) public security information mining. The former is responsible for the collection and processing of case information. The latter preprocesses the data of major cases that have occurred in the past ten years to create a data warehouse. Then, we use the model to create a data warehouse based on needs. By dividing the measurement values and dimensions, the analysis and prediction of criminals’ characteristics and the case environment realize relationships between them. In the process of mining and processing crime data, data mining algorithms can quickly find out the relevant information in the data. Furthermore, the system can find out relevant trends and laws to detect criminal cases faster than other methods. This can reduce the emergence of new crimes and provide a basis for decision-making in the public security department that has practical significance.
Effect of Combining Traditional Chinese Medicine with Hormonal Therapy on Quality of Life and Tumor Markers of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Gai Pengpeng , Li Na , Liu Min
Published: October 2021

Objective. To explore the effect of combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with hormonal therapy on the quality of life and tumor markers of prostate cancer patients. Methods. A total of 60 prostate cancer patients treated in Zibo Central Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021 were selected for the retrospective analysis study and divided into the control group and experimental group based on whether applying TCM treatment, with 30 cases each. The patients in the experimental group received the combined treatment of TCM and hormonal therapy, and those in the control group only accepted the hormonal therapy, so as to analyze their clinical efficacy and tumor marker levels after treatment. Results. The patients’ general information were not statistically different (

P
>
0.05

); after treatment, the levels and ratios of total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (FPSA) of patients in both groups were improved, and the experimental group obtained significantly lower TPSA and FPSA levels (

P
<
0.05

) and higher TPSA/FPSA ratios (

P
<
0.05

); the incidence of androgen-independent prostate cancer was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (8 vs. 16,

P
<
0.05

); in addition, the time to develop into the androgen-independent prostate cancer was longer in patients of the experimental group than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

); the treated patients in the experimental group obtained obviously higher Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) quality of life scores and Karnofsky score (KPS) than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and the number of patients with recovered PSA levels was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Combining self-made TCM formula with hormonal therapy can effectively improve the levels of prostate tumor markers and postpone the progress of developing from prostate cancer to androgen-independent prostate cancer, which is conducive to promoting the patients’ quality of life.
Adaptive Diagnosis of Lung Cancer by Deep Learning Classification Using Wilcoxon Gain and Generator
Authors: Obulesu O. , Kallam Suresh , Dhiman Gaurav , Patan Rizwan , Kadiyala Ramana , Raparthi Yaswanth , Kautish Sandeep
Published: October 2021

Cancer is a complicated worldwide health issue with an increasing death rate in recent years. With the swift blooming of the high throughput technology and several machine learning methods that have unfolded in recent years, progress in cancer disease diagnosis has been made based on subset features, providing awareness of the efficient and precise disease diagnosis. Hence, progressive machine learning techniques that can, fortunately, differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy persons are of great concern. This paper proposes a novel Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Gain Preprocessing combined with Generative Deep Learning called Wilcoxon Signed Generative Deep Learning (WS-GDL) method for lung cancer disease diagnosis. Firstly, test significance analysis and information gain eliminate redundant and irrelevant attributes and extract many informative and significant attributes. Then, using a generator function, the Generative Deep Learning method is used to learn the deep features. Finally, a minimax game (i.e., minimizing error with maximum accuracy) is proposed to diagnose the disease. Numerical experiments on the Thoracic Surgery Data Set are used to test the WS-GDL method's disease diagnosis performance. The WS-GDL approach may create relevant and significant attributes and adaptively diagnose the disease by selecting optimal learning model parameters. Quantitative experimental results show that the WS-GDL method achieves better diagnosis performance and higher computing efficiency in computational time, computational complexity, and false-positive rate compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Salivary Biomarkers in Lung Cancer
Authors: Skallevold Hans E. , Vallenari Evan M. , Sapkota Dipak
Published: October 2021

A very low percentage of lung cancer (LC) cases are discovered at an early and treatable stage of the disease, leading to an abysmally low 5-year survival rate. This underscores the immediate necessity for improved diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for LC. Biopsied lung tissue, blood, and plasma are common sources used for LC diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. A growing number of studies have reported saliva to be a useful biological sample for early and noninvasive detection of oral and systemic diseases. Nevertheless, salivary biomarker discovery remains underresearched. Here, we have compiled the available literature to provide an overview of the current understanding of salivary markers for LC detection and provided perspectives for future clinical significance. Valuable markers with diagnostic and prognostic potentials in LC have been discovered in saliva, including metabolic (catalase activity, triene conjugates, and Schiff bases), inflammatory (interleukin 10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), proteomic (haptoglobin, zinc-α-2-glycoprotein, and calprotectin), genomic (epidermal growth factor receptor), and microbial candidates (Veillonella and Streptococcus). In combination, with each other and with other established screening methods, these salivary markers could be useful for improving early detection of the disease and ultimately improve the survival odds of LC patients. The existing literature suggests that saliva is a promising biological sample for identification and validation of biomarkers in LC, but how saliva can be utilized most effectively in a clinical setting for LC management is still under investigation.
Effects of Sinapic Acid Combined with Cisplatin on the Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Hepatoma Cells HepG2 and SMMC-7721
Authors: Zhao Jian , Li Hewei , Li Wanying , Wang Zixian , Dong Zhewen , Lan Huan , Wang Chengqiang , Song Jia-Le
Published: October 2021

Sinapic acid (Sa) is a small-molecule phenolic acid compound predominant in fruits, vegetables, and grains. This study investigated the antitumor effects of cisplatin (DDP) combined with Sa (Sa/DDP) on the hepatic cancer cells (HCC), HepG2 and SMMC-7721. The HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells were treated with Sa or Sa/DDP, and the cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected using the MTT assay. The cell migration was detected using the transwell and scratch assays, while apoptosis and autophagy were detected using Hoechst, MDC, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The protein expression was quantitated using the western blot. Sa/DDP was found to not only inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration but also induce cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, the Sa/DDP combination was found to activate autophagy, and the HCQ autophagy inhibitor enhanced the apoptosis in the Sa/DDP-induced liver cancer cells. The combined use of Sa and DDP makes it an attractive adjuvant therapy strategy for tumors, establishing the prospect of phenolic acid compounds for the adjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Bayesian Analysis of Cancer Data Using a 4-Component Exponential Mixture Model
Authors: Noor Farzana , Masood Saadia , Sabar Yumna , Shah Syed Bilal Hussain , Ahmad Touqeer , Abdollahi Asrin , Sajid Ahthasham
Published: October 2021

Cancer is among the major public health problems as well as a burden for Pakistan. About 148,000 new patients are diagnosed with cancer each year, and almost 100,000 patients die due to this fatal disease. Lung, breast, liver, cervical, blood/bone marrow, and oral cancers are the most common cancers in Pakistan. Perhaps smoking, physical inactivity, infections, exposure to toxins, and unhealthy diet are the main factors responsible for the spread of cancer. We preferred a novel four-component mixture model under Bayesian estimation to estimate the average number of incidences and death of both genders in different age groups. For this purpose, we considered 28 different kinds of cancers diagnosed in recent years. Data of registered patients all over Pakistan in the year 2012 were taken from GLOBOCAN. All the patients were divided into 4 age groups and also split based on genders to be applied to the proposed mixture model. Bayesian analysis is performed on the data using a four-component exponential mixture model. Estimators for mixture model parameters are derived under Bayesian procedures using three different priors and two loss functions. Simulation study and graphical representation for the estimates are also presented. It is noted from analysis of real data that the Bayes estimates under LINEX loss assuming Jeffreys’ prior is more efficient for the no. of incidences in male and female. As far as no. of deaths are concerned again, LINEX loss assuming Jeffreys’ prior gives better results for the male population, but for the female population, the best loss function is SELF assuming Jeffreys’ prior.
The Construction of English Smart Classroom and the Innovation of Teaching Mode under the Background of Internet of Things Multimedia Communication
Authors: Liu Qingxiang , Yang Zhongguo
Published: October 2021

There are some problems in English smart classroom, such as slow response speed of related platforms and room for improvement of teaching effect. Therefore, it is necessary to construct English smart classroom and innovate teaching mode under the background of Internet of Things (IoT) multimedia communication. The teaching objectives are divided into classroom teaching objectives, curriculum objectives, and education and training objectives, so as to design the technical support for English smart classroom, that is, to build a smart classroom integrating cloud application platform (including students’ learning cloud and teachers’ teaching cloud), teaching platform, resource platform, learning space, and interactive classroom by using Internet of Things multimedia communication technology, and build an innovative teaching mode of English wisdom classroom. The fuzzy hierarchical evaluation model is used to design the fuzzy hierarchical evaluation algorithm. Through the fuzzy hierarchical evaluation algorithm, the teaching effect of smart classroom is evaluated, and the final evaluation result is obtained. The results show that the average platform login time of the proposed method is always below 0.3 s, the average score of the summative evaluation is high, the evaluation time is always below 0.4 s, the average communication delay is 0.54 s, and the user satisfaction is always above 9.2. The practical application effect is better.