bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the health literacy survey19‐Europe‐Q12 into Turkish culture: A psychometric study
Authors: Terzi Handan , Akca Ayşegül , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan
Published: October 2024

Rationale

Misinformation can lead to adverse outcomes on the health beliefs and behaviors of individuals. Therefore, health literacy skills are needed as a central competency to recognize the trustfulness of health‐related knowledge in any resources. To ensure this, a time‐efficient, skill‐oriented psychometric tools are needed to measure the comprehensive general health literacy level of communities.

Aims and Objectives

This research was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 12‐item Health Literacy Survey‐Europe (HLS19‐Q12) regarding Turkish culture.

Method

A methodological design was adopted. The population consisted of adult individuals registered to two family health centers in Ankara. The sample was determined based on 5–10 times the number of scale items rule (ntotal = 192). A questionnaire and Health Literacy Survey‐Europe‐Q12 were used to collect data. Language, content and construct validities and internal consistency reliability tests were performed through IBM‐SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs. The content validity was determined via the Davis technique. The construct validity was examined by exploratory (EFA) (n1 = 120) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n2 = 72). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Time invariance was evaluated by test‐retest method (nretest = 32) 4 weeks later.

Results

The mean age was 30.17 ± 10.37 (min. 18‐max. 61). The Kaiser‐Meyer Olkin test result was 0.898, and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity result was 604.889 (p < 0.001). The model‐fit indices showed good fit. The difference between the first and the second measurements was statistically insignificant (t = −1.659, p = 0.107). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.88.

Conclusions

The HLS19‐Q12‐TR was a valid and reliable measurement tool in determining the health literacy level of the Turkish adult population. As one of the social determinants of health, easy measurement and generating a general health literacy map of the population is considered a necessity.
Exploring the reduction in aquaporin‐4 and increased expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor with the frontal–striatal gliosis induced by chronic high‐fat dietary stress
Authors: Fu Jing‐Ting , Huang Hui‐Ting , Chen Pei‐Chun , Kuo Yu‐Min , Chen Po‐See , Tzeng Shun‐Fen
Published: October 2024

High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity induces peripheral inflammation and hypothalamic pathogenesis linking the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Clinical evidence indicates a positive correlation between obesity and psychiatric disorders, such as depression. The connectivity of the frontal‐striatal (FS) circuit, involving the caudate putamen (CPu) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is known for its role in stress‐induced depression. Thus, there is a need for a thorough investigation into whether chronic obesity‐induced gliosis, characterized by the activation of astrocytes and microglia, in these brain regions of individuals with chronic obesity. The results revealed increased S100β+ astrocytes and Iba1+ microglia in the CPu and ACC of male obese mice, along with immune cell accumulation in meningeal lymphatic drainage. Activated GFAP+ astrocytes and Iba1+ microglia were observed in the corpus callosum of obese mice. Gliosis in the CPu and ACC was linked to elevated cleaved caspase‐3 levels, indicating potential neural cell death by chronic HFD feeding. There was a loss of myelin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)+ oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the corpus callosum, an area known to be linked with injury to the CPu. Additionally, reduced levels of aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), a protein associated within the glymphatic systems, were noted in the CPu and ACC, while ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene expression was upregulated in these brain regions of obese mice. The in vitro study revealed that high‐dose CNTF causing a trend of reduced astrocytic AQP4 expression, but it significantly impaired OL maturation. This pathological evidence highlights that prolonged HFD consumption induces persistent FS gliosis and demyelination in the corpus callosum. An elevated level of CNTF appears to act as a potential regulator, leading to AQP4 downregulation in the FS areas and demyelination in the corpus callosum. This cascade of events might contribute to neural cell damage within these regions and disrupt the glymphatic flow.

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Diverse functions of DEAD‐box proteins in oligodendrocyte development, differentiation, and homeostasis
Authors: Bizen Norihisa , Takebayashi Hirohide
Published: October 2024

Oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell in the central nervous system, have a critical role in the formation of myelin around axons, facilitating saltatory conduction, and maintaining the integrity of nerve axons. The dysregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of neurological diseases, including dysmyelinating disorders (e.g., Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease), demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms of oligodendrocyte development, differentiation, and homeostasis is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and the development of therapeutic interventions. Numerous studies have identified and analyzed the functions of transcription factors, RNA metabolic factors, translation control factors, and intracellular and extracellular signals involved in the series of processes from oligodendrocyte fate determination to terminal differentiation. DEAD‐box proteins, multifunctional RNA helicases that regulate various intracellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, and translation, are increasingly recognized for their diverse roles in various aspects of oligodendrocyte development, differentiation, and maintenance of homeostasis. This review introduces the latest insights into the regulatory networks of oligodendrocyte biology mediated by DEAD‐box proteins.

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Perceptions and Experiences of Animal‐Assisted Interventions for People Living With Dementia: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Dou , Hennessy Marita , Li Qiuxia , Paley Nuala , Paley Gerry , Houghton Catherine
Published: October 2024

Aim

To synthesise stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of animal‐assisted intervention (AAI) for people with dementia in community care settings.

Design

Qualitative evidence synthesis.

Methods

We systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and AgeLine for potentially eligible studies. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data from included studies. We assessed the methodological limitations of included studies using an adaptation of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and used Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE‐CERQual) tool to assess confidence in review findings. This review is reported using the ENTREQ checklist.

Results

We included 14 reports from 11 studies and developed three analytical themes incorporating a gardening analogy: planting–connecting with animals, growing–engaging in AAI and nurturing–making AAI work; and six subthemes: willingness to connect, building relationships, a rich experience, the benefits of AAI, individualised and holistic approach and training and support, with 15 key findings.

Conclusion

This review describes people's experiences and perceptions of AAI for people with dementia, and provides recommendations on the development and implementation of AAI, with moderate to high confidence. Nurses need to consider the factors that influence the implementation of AAI identified in this review, to facilitate engagement and long‐term impacts while adopting AAI in community care settings.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

This review may enhance healthcare professionals' understanding of AAI for people with dementia in community care settings. AAI is a complex intervention that can be delivered in varied manner. A multicomponent, flexible and individualised AAI is important. Additional training and education for staff are needed.

Patient or Public Contribution

A man with dementia and his wife who share a love of dogs, advised at each step of the review, providing insights and perspectives and contributing as co‐authors.
Adherence to Evidence‐Based Guidelines and Implications When Designing Electronic Documentation for Urinary Catheters
Authors: Janine Bothe , Sheena Lagat , Crellin Rebecca , Hahn Kelly‐Ann , Vicki Patton
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence and the rate of adherence to evidence‐based guidelines for patients who had indwelling urinary catheters in three Australian acute care hospitals.

Design

A cross‐sectional observational design was used.

Methods

A multisite cross‐sectional observational design was utilised in three acute hospitals across Australia. Data were collected from each site in a single day directly from observation of the patient, the bedside notes and medical records. The data collected included observations of clinical care and scrutiny of the documentation of the insertion details and catheter care using best practice guidelines.

Results

Of the 1730 patients audited, 47% were female. The mean point prevalence of catheters in situ across three sites was 12.9%. Correct documentation compliance was reported to be, on average, 40%. Documentation was significantly better when a template was available to guide information recorded: this was regardless of whether it was hard copy or electronic. Overall, clinical care compliance with best practices was 77%. Of note for improvement was the fixing of the urinary catheter to the thigh in highly dependent patients.

Conclusion

It was identified that there is a need for improvement across all three sites: specifically regarding securement of the urinary catheter to the patient’s thigh within the ICU. In addition, it was identified that there is a need for documentation of the urine bag change in ward areas. Documentation may be improved by incorporating templates into healthcare documentation systems in the future. Further work is needed to ensure nurses are aware of the adverse effects of urinary catheters and thus, the need to adhere to best practice guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

There has been no patient or public contribution.

Reporting Method

We have adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting.
Celebrating the legacy and work of John Schulenberg: Answering the question “Does adolescence matter?”
Authors: Jager Justin , Patrick Megan E.
Published: October 2024

Dr. John Schulenberg (1957–2023) was a brilliant and internationally recognized developmental scientist. In equal measure, he was an outstanding, dedicated, and generous mentor. Through his scholarship and mentorship, his impact on the fields of adolescent and substance use research will be deep and enduring. The overriding theme of his research was illuminating the importance of adolescence in the life course, which he referred to as “Taking the Long View” on adolescence. John's longstanding motivation for this was to answer the question: “Does adolescence matter?” This special issue, which (in addition to this introduction) includes 14 papers and 2 invited commentaries, is designed to honor his scholarship and impact. For this introduction to the special issue, we divide what it means to “Take the Long View” on adolescence into four major themes: (1) Turning points; (2) Developmental disturbances; (3) Continuity and long‐term developmental connections; and (4) Heterogeneity in the age curve. We describe these four themes, consider how they connect with the overarching question “Does adolescence matter?,” and discuss how the research papers included in this special issue are excellent examples of research inspired by these themes.
Discrimination, critical consciousness, and mental health in American youth of color
Authors: Desmarais Ariane , Christophe N. Keita
Published: October 2024

To resist and cope with oppression, youth of color may use the process of critical consciousness which involves understanding racial injustices (critical reflection), developing motivation to fight these injustices (critical motivation), and taking action to enact sociopolitical change (critical action). However, little is known about how each dimension of critical consciousness affects mental health in adolescents of color. In a sample of 367 ethnically and racially diverse American adolescents of color (age range = 13–17; 68.9% girls, 28.6% boys, and 2.5% gender minority; 84.4% US‐born), we conducted multivariate regressions in Mplus to examine the cross‐sectional links between each critical consciousness dimension (reflection, motivation, and action) and mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, and stress) over and above the impact of everyday discrimination. We also investigated the interaction between critical consciousness and discrimination in predicting mental health outcomes. Controlling for age, gender, nativity, and social class, we found that discrimination and critical action were both positively associated with anxiety, depression, and stress. For our covariates, girls and gender minority adolescents reported worse outcomes. No interactions were significant. Overall, critical action, while necessary to enact societal change, may have a complex relationship with youth's depression, anxiety, and psychological stress symptoms and warrants careful exploration. Future research should focus on understanding the longitudinal mechanisms of critical action and how we can maximize the benefits by protecting youth from those negative effects.
Identifying the role of siblings in adolescent decision‐making: A developmental processes approach
Authors: Rogers Christy R. , Morgan Derek D.
Published: October 2024

Adolescence represents a period of opportunity in decision‐making as developmental motivations and processes shift, particularly in social contexts. Sibling relationships may be especially influential in adolescent decision‐making, as siblings spend a disproportionate amount of time with one another and can affect how adolescents think, feel, and behave. However, the ways in which siblings may shape adolescent decision‐making through psychological, behavioral, and neurological processes, particularly their interactions, are less well known. This review introduces the developmental processes approach to understanding adolescent decision‐making in the sibling context by reviewing patterns in the literature as to how each developmental process in sibling contexts may contribute to adolescent decision‐making. Interdisciplinary collaborations across theories and methods (i.e., surveys, observations, and neuroimaging) can contribute to a more holistic understanding of how siblings may shape adolescent decision‐making, for better and for worse. Further, this approach can inform practice through sibling‐focused prevention programs and other sibling‐focused programming (e.g., government, nonprofit) in promoting adaptive adolescent decision‐making.
All (economic) politics is local: Voting responses to localized price shocks during the great recession
Authors: Cheung Ron , Meltzer Rachel
Published: October 2024

The connection between individual and macroeconomic conditions and voting behavior is well‐established. We contribute to the less resolved “spatial gap” in the literature that centers on how the localized economic conditions of where voters live influence their likelihood to vote. We test how space mediates the tension between voter mobilization and withdrawal in the face of economic shocks. We consider a scenario, the Great Recession, where economic shocks were quite localized and sudden, and compile an extensive dataset of all registered voters in the four‐county Tampa metropolitan area between 2006 and 2015. Using sales prices and property characteristics from the tax assessor rolls, we estimate a neighborhood‐level shock to housing values induced by the Great Recession. Results show that when we do not account for local neighborhood variation, the Great Recession is associated with a significant decrease in voter turnout. However, when we account for localized economic shocks, we find that residents in neighborhoods with negative price shocks were more likely to vote after the Recession, especially in non‐local elections. In addition, the propensity to vote increases with the size of the negative price shock. There is some evidence that variation at the neighborhood level matters more than voter‐level heterogeneity. The positive voting response is most profound in predominantly Black neighborhoods, and, to a lesser extent, in predominantly Hispanic and the lowest income neighborhoods. Increases in the propensity to vote are robust to models controlling for baseline economic vulnerabilities, such as localized unemployment, the weakness of the local housing market and exposure to sectors hit hardest by the Recession. The results indicate that dramatic and sudden changes in localized economic conditions can drive voting behavior, and in ways that are distinct from macroeconomic drivers. In addition, the housing asset channel appears to be a powerful one, which can induce significant voting responses at the national level apart from other localized economic drivers, especially among homeowners.
Correlation of Reaction Time Differences in Naïve vs. Scientific Concept Conflict Task with the Stroop Interference Effect: Exploring the Concepts that “Moving Things are Alive” or “Stationary Things are Not”
Authors: Harada Yuki , Hino Sakura
Published: October 2024

Recent studies have proposed that the automatic activation of naïve concepts, which persist even after learning scientific concepts, must be inhibited to successfully output scientific concepts. This model assumes that individual differences in inhibitory control (IC) within executive functions represent differences in conceptual change. However, the reported correlations between concept conflict and IC tasks are weak, casting doubt on this assumption. This study improves on previous methodologies by focusing on the performance of adult subjects in living and nonliving concept tasks presumed to have successfully achieved conceptual change and quantifying semantic‐level IC through the Stroop interference effect. The results revealed that the correlations between the Stroop interference effect and reaction time (RT) differences between conditions of the concept conflict task, which are assumed to represent the time required to inhibit naïve concepts, were relatively stronger compared with findings reported in previous studies. These findings suggest that individual differences in fluent inhibition of naïve concepts after acquiring scientific concepts align with those in IC, thereby supporting the validity of the inhibition model of naïve concepts.
The intricacies of vegetation responses to changing moisture conditions
Authors: Green Julia K.
Published: October 2024

A long‐standing debate looks at whether air or soil dryness is more limiting to vegetation water use and productivity. The answer has large implications for future ecosystem functioning, as atmospheric dryness is predicted to increase globally while changes in soil moisture are predicted to be far more variable. Here, I review the complexities that contribute to this debate, including the strong coupling between atmospheric and soil dryness, and the widespread heterogeneity in vegetation hydraulic traits, acclimations, and adaptations to water stress. I discuss solutions to improve understanding and modeling of vegetation sensitivity to dryness, including how different types of observational data can be used together to gain insight into vegetation response to water stress across spatial and temporal scales.
Oropharyngeal Adverse Events to Drugs and Vaccines: Pharmacovigilance Data From Italy (2019–2021)
Authors: Sportiello Liberata , La Mantia Gaetano , Panzarella Vera , Colella Giuseppe , Potenza Simona , Oteri Giacomo , Sottosanti Laura , Bellavia Giuseppe , Gaio Mario , Zinzi Alessia , Morreale Ilaria , Parrinello Gaspare , Geninatti Elisabetta , Marrazzo Eleonora , Fusco Vittorio , Capuano Annalisa , Campisi Giuseppina
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis of oropharyngeal adverse events (AEs) related to drugs and/or vaccines in order to provide useful information for clinicians.

Methods

Data related to three regions of Italy were analyzed from 2019 to 2021 by using the National Pharmacovigilance database.

Results

Among overall 67,384 cases, 2773 (4.1%) reported at least one oropharyngeal AE. Most cases referred to females (71.0%) and adults (70.8%). The majority of cases were reported as not serious (68.4%) and the outcome was mainly positive (73.5%). The cases related to drugs (52.2%) were slightly more than those related to vaccines (47.8%), the latter nearly completely represented by COVID‐19 vaccines. Among 3324 oropharyngeal AEs, the most commonly reported were oropharyngeal conditions (65.9%). The most reported AEs related to vaccines were paresthesia oral and oropharyngeal pain, whereas the most reported AEs related to drugs were throat tightness and angioedema. A marked under‐reporting of osteonecrosis of the jaw (2.9%) was observed, despite this risk was well documented in the same country.

Conclusions

This analysis suggested an under‐reporting of oropharyngeal AEs and the need to better train dentists, dental hygienists, and also general practitioners.
Painful Realities: Navigating the Complexities of Head and Neck Cancer Pain
Authors: Byrd Hayden F. , Kohutek Zachary A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatments can cause significant pain, which can profoundly impact patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. Understanding the full scope of HNC pain is essential for effective management and improved patient care.

Objective

This review aims to comprehensively analyze the multifaceted nature of pain experienced by individuals with HNC, including its various etiologies and management strategies.

Results

HNC pain can arise from tumor extent, treatment‐related toxicity, or comorbid conditions. The pathophysiology involves complex interactions between nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory mechanisms. Optimal pain control requires a multimodal patient‐tailored approach utilizing both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapies.

Conclusion

Enhancing our understanding of HNC pain and optimizing its management is imperative for improving the overall well‐being and treatment outcomes of affected individuals. Future research should focus on understanding detailed pain mechanisms, with the goal of developing personalized pain management strategies and exploring novel therapeutic targets. By implementing comprehensive approaches to HNC pain management, healthcare providers can better support patients through their cancer treatment journey.
Fertility Desires and Contraceptive Transition
Authors: Yeatman Sara , Sennott Christie
Published: October 2024

Fertility desires are fundamental to understanding contraceptive use, yet the relationship between the two remains unclear and is the subject of much debate in demography. To understand the macrolevel relationship between fertility desires and contraceptive transition in low‐ and middle‐income countries, we introduce a conceptual model that articulates the microlevel processes through which a desire to avoid childbearing translates into contraceptive use and reasons for their frequent misalignment. The model calls for a more nuanced understanding of fertility desires, differentiates between the acceptability and accessibility of contraception, and highlights the multilevel forces that shape the costs of fertility regulation. These microlevel processes are key to understanding the evolving role of changes in fertility desires and changes in the implementation of desires on contraceptive transition across time and space. We conclude these relationships are additive, multiplicative, and dynamic over time.
Entomopathogenic Nematodes‐Killed Insect Cadavers in the Rhizosphere Activate Plant Direct and Indirect Defences Aboveground
Authors: Wang Ailing , Tang Hongbo , Sun Jie , Wang Lei , Rasmann Sergio , Ruan Weibin , Wei Xianqin
Published: October 2024

Plants can perceive and respond to external stimuli by activating both direct and indirect defences against herbivores. Soil‐dwelling entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), natural enemies of root‐feeding herbivores, carry symbiotic bacteria that grow and reproduce once inside arthropod hosts. We hypothesized that the metabolites produced by EPN‐infected insect cadavers could be perceived by plants, thereby activating plant defences systemically. We tested this hypothesis by adding three EPN‐infected Galleria mellonella cadavers to maize plants and testing plant responses against a major maize pest (Spodoptera frugiperda) and one of its parasitoids (Trichogramma dendrolimi). We found that S. frugiperda females deposited fewer, and caterpillars fed less on maize plants growing near EPN‐infected cadavers than on control plants. Accordingly, EPN‐infected cadavers triggered the systemic accumulation of defence hormones (SA), genes (PR1), and enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) in maize leaves. Furthermore, four volatile organic compounds produced by plants exposed to EPN‐infected cadavers deterred S. frugiperda caterpillars and female adults. However, these compounds were more attractive to T. dendrolimi parasitoids. Our study enhances the understanding of the intricate relationships within the above‐ and belowground ecosystems and provides crucial insights for advancing sustainable pest management strategies.
“Why did she do that?”: Chinese children's preference for trait‐based explanations of behavior
Authors: Marble Kimberly E. , Boseovski Janet J. , Guan Siyu , Ma Fengling
Published: October 2024

The current study addressed the extent to which Chinese children rely on situational characteristics to reason about the causes of valenced behavior (i.e., positive or negative). Specifically, one hundred fifteen 4‐ to 7‐year‐olds from Hangzhou, China, were asked to attribute a character's behavior toward a peer to either that character's traits (e.g., “nice”) or the situation (e.g., being tired and being happy). Across ages, children made trait attributions for both positive and negative behavior but were least likely to do so when information about the character's emotions was available, particularly in congruent valence conditions. In addition, children made an intentionality judgment about whether the character's behavior was accidental or intentional. Overall, children judged positive behavior as intentional but were unsystematic in their judgments of negative behavior. These findings highlight cross‐cultural similarities in children's personal perception and suggest connections between trait and mental state reasoning that may inform strategies for peer relationships.
Frontline Worker Discretion in the For‐Profit Banking Industry: Lessons From Early Pandemic Relief Programming
Authors: Wood Anna K. , Friedline Terri
Published: October 2024

In April and May 2020, the United States banking industry approved over $650 billion in federal relief funds as part of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). Since then, extensive evidence of discriminatory lending has been revealed by investigative journalism and academic studies. Our study is based on 41 interviews with frontline banking professionals conducted during the days and weeks of the PPP rollout. We find that under the crisis conditions of the pandemic, capped funds in the PPP and built‐in incentives that encouraged certain types of loans, banking employees relied upon the professional norms and logic of the for‐profit sector. We argue that these norms and logics threatened the integrity of the PPP as a public relief programme by applying profit‐oriented priorities to resources marked for universal and fair distribution. Our findings offer new directions for theorising sector‐level differences in street‐level bureaucratic discretion in the context of mixed‐sector collaboration on public service delivery, particularly under conditions of crisis and urgency.
New classes of goodness‐of‐fit tests for the one‐sided Lévy distribution
Authors: Kumari Aditi , Bhati Deepesh , Batsidis Apostolos
Published: October 2024

New estimators for the scale parameter of the one‐sided Lévy distribution are proposed, which are used for constructing new classes of goodness‐of‐fit (gof) tests, based on the ratio of two estimators of the scale parameter. A Monte Carlo study examines the performance of the new gof tests in controlling type I error rate and evaluates their power performance. The performance of the new classes of gof test is also compared with existing tests. Finally, the applicability of the new gof tests is illustrated using three real data sets.
Space–Time Analysis of Refueling Patterns of Alternative Fuel Vehicles Using GPS Trajectory Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Dong , Kan Zihan , Kwan Mei‐Po , Tang Luliang
Published: October 2024

The urgency to combat climate change has led countries worldwide to embrace clean energy solutions across various sectors, including transportation, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This shift is evident in the growing popularity and adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), such as natural gas vehicles and electric vehicles. AFVs have significantly lower carbon footprints compared to conventional petrol‐powered vehicles with internal combustion engines. Consequently, there arises a need to gain a deeper understanding of AFV refueling demand to optimize the distribution of refueling stations. To address this, our research proposes an innovative space–time method that integrates GPS trajectory data with the support vector machine technique to accurately identify and analyze patterns in AFV refueling behavior. The results highlight distinct space–time patterns, notably the clustering of refueling activities in areas like Shuiguohu, Shouyilu, Houhu, Hanshuiqiao, Zhoutou, and Yongfeng around noon, influenced by taxi drivers' breaks. This underscores the importance of increasing staff levels at refueling stations in these areas during peak refueling periods, forming alliances with local eateries, and coordinating taxi shift hours to evenly distribute refueling demand throughout the day, ultimately reducing congestion during peak refueling periods in these areas. The proposed method by this research is applicable to urban contexts worldwide and equips policymakers and planners with a powerful tool for effective planning of future AFV refueling stations.
Barriers and facilitators to routine revaccination among adult Hematopoietic Cell Transplant survivors in the United States: A convergent mixed methods analysis
Authors: Wickline Mihkai , Carpenter Paul A , Harris Jeffrey R. , Iribarren Sarah J. , Reding Kerryn W. , Pike Kenneth C. , Lee Stephanie J. , Salit Rachel B. , Oshima Masumi Ueda , Vo Phuong T. , Berry Donna L.
Published: October 2024

Background

Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) survivorship care includes recommendations for post‐HCT revaccination to restore immunity to vaccine‐preventable diseases (VPDs). However, not all survivors agree to be vaccinated. No existing studies have comprehensively reported barriers and facilitators to adult HCT survivors completing revaccination.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 194 adult HCT survivors was analyzed using convergent mixed methods. The analysis used various statistical methods to determine the prevalence of barriers and facilitators and the association between revaccination and the number and specific type of barriers and facilitators. Content analysis was applied to open‐ended item responses. Integrated analysis merged quantitative and qualitative findings.

Results

The most frequent barriers included the inability to receive live vaccines because of immunosuppression, identifying a suitable community location for administering childhood vaccines to adults, and delayed immune recovery. The most frequent facilitators were having healthcare insurance and a clear calendar of the revaccination schedule. Complete revaccination rates were lower with each additional reported barrier (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.459–0.722) and higher with each additional reported facilitator (OR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.05–1.63). Content analysis suggested that most barriers were practical issues. One significant facilitator highlighted by respondents was for the transplant center to coordinate and serve as the vaccination location for revaccination services. Merged analysis indicated convergence between quantitative and qualitative data.

Conclusion

Practical barriers and facilitators played a consequential role in revaccination uptake, and survivors would like to be revaccinated at the transplant center.

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T2T genomes of carrot and Alternaria dauci and their utility for understanding host–pathogen interactions during carrot leaf blight disease
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Xu Shiyao , Ou Chenggang , Liu Xing , Zhuang Feiyun , Deng Xing Wang
Published: October 2024

Carrot (Daucus carota) is one of the most popular and nutritious vegetable crops worldwide. However, significant yield losses occur every year due to leaf blight, a disease caused by a fungal pathogen (Alternaria dauci). Past research on resistance to leaf blight disease in carrots has been slow because of the low‐quality genome assemblies of both carrot and the pathogen. Here, we report the greatly improved assemblies and annotations of telomere‐to‐telomere (T2T) reference genomes of carrot DH13M14 (451.04 Mb) and A. dauci A2016 (34.91 Mb). Compared with the previous carrot genome versions, our assembly featured notable improvements in genome size, continuity, and completeness of centromeres and telomeres. In addition, we generated a time course transcriptomic atlas during the infection of carrots by A. dauci and captured their dynamic gene expression reprogramming during the interaction process. During infection, A. dauci genes encoding effectors and enzymes responsible for the degradation of plant cell wall components, e.g., cellulose and pectin, were identified, which appeared to increase pathogenic ability through upregulation. In carrot, the coordinated gene expression of components of pattern‐ and effector‐triggered immunity (PTI and ETI) in response to A. dauci attack was characterized. The biosynthesis or signal transduction of plant hormones, including JA, SA, and ethylene, was also involved in the carrot response to A. dauci. This work provides a foundation for understanding A. dauci pathogenic progression and carrot defense mechanisms to improve carrot resistance to leaf blight disease. The Carrot Database (CDB) developed also provides a useful resource for the carrot community.
Evaluation of the progress of a decade‐long haemovigilance programme in India
Authors: Bisht Akanksha , Patidar Gopal Kumar , Arora Satyam , Marwaha Neelam
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Implementation of national haemovigilance programmes has significantly improved donor and recipient safety. Recently, India completed a decade of successful implementation of its national haemovigilance programmes. The national programme is still enrolling more blood centres. This study aimed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of Haemovigilance Programme of India (HvPI), thereby providing valuable insights for future initiatives.

Materials and Methods

The National Coordinating Centre (NCC) conducted a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based survey among the reporting blood centres (January to April 2022). The survey consisted of three sections with a total of 27 questions focusing on the demographics of the participant blood centre as well as the impact on the recipient and donor haemovigilance. The survey was sent to 733 blood centres regularly reporting to the donor and recipient HvPI through Donor and Hemovigil Software.

Results

Total 296 responses were received (response rate of 40.4%) with maximum participation of private non‐teaching hospital‐based blood centres (33.8%). After their involvement in recipient HvPI, 85.7% of the respondents reported changes in their blood centre's work procedures, with the maximum improvement seen in the documentation of transfusion reactions (92.7%). Out of the 278 respondents who participated in donor HvPI, 89.9% (250) found that their blood centre's policies or work process changed as a result of their involvement in the programme.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our haemovigilance programme facilitates national collaboration for learning and sharing experiences, leading to improved policies and practices in reducing adverse reactions for both recipients and donors.
Annexin A1: a key regulator of T cell function and bone marrow adiposity in aplastic anaemia
Authors: Liu Xia , Li Xiaomei , Li Hui , Guan Bingxin , Jiang Yang , Zheng Chengyun , Kong Dexiao
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in regulating T cell function and its implications in bone marrow adiposity in aplastic anaemia (AA). Utilizing single‐cell sequencing analysis, we compared bone marrow tissues from AA patients and healthy individuals, focusing on T cell subgroups and their impact on bone marrow pathology. Our findings reveal a significant activation of CD8+ T cells in AA, driven by reduced ANXA1 expression. This heightened T cell activity promotes adipogenesis in bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells via IFN‐γ secretion. Overexpression of ANXA1 was found to suppress this process, suggesting its therapeutic potential in AA treatment. The study highlights ANXA1 as a crucial regulator in the AA‐associated immune microenvironment and bone marrow adiposity.

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Key points

This study found that ANXA1 is significantly downregulated in AA and provides detailed insights into its critical role in the disease.

The study demonstrates the excessive activation of CD8+ T cells in the progression of AA.

The research shows that the overexpression of ANXA1 can effectively inhibit the activation of CD8+ T cells.

The study confirms that overexpression of ANXA1 reduces the secretion of the cytokine IFN‐γ, decreases adipogenesis in bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and may improve AA symptoms.

This research provides new molecular targets for the treatment of AA.
The sustainability of social work education during low enrolment in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Kim Hagyun
Published: October 2024

Viewpoint
Journeys into palliative care: Social workers' narratives of mobilising and sustaining practice
Authors: Choi Lee Ruth , Marlowe Jay
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: With Aotearoa, New Zealand's increasing diversity and ageing population, social work has a vital role in palliative care practice. This study advances the understanding of palliative care social work and its implications for practice, education and support from a practitioners’ point of view.
METHODS: Utilising a constructivist case study approach, in-depth data was collected from social work practitioners about their pathways and practices in palliative care. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed, resulting in 12 individual semi-structured interviews and a focus group with 5 participants.
FINDINGS: The participants' voices illustrate current social work practice and its implications from personal, pedagogical, and professional perspectives. Participants were often drawn to palliative care social work through career embeddedness and personal experiences of loss and grief. The study revealed how past, present, and future considerations shape palliative social work practice, including journeys to palliative care, mobilising social work practice, and sustaining support. Participants used various assessment tools based on service context, with limited exposure to palliative care in tertiary curricula. Most participants continued to seek post-qualifying professional development opportunities working in this field.
CONCLUSION: The study underscores the importance of team support, ongoing education, and self-care for effective social work practice in palliative care. Recommendations include enhancing educational emphasis on palliative care, developing a New Zealand-based assessment tool for palliative care social work, and improving professional encounters related to death and dying. These insights can guide efforts to enhance palliative care social work practice in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Who cares? Life on welfare in Australia
Authors: Pitt Lesley
Published: October 2024

Review of Who cares? Life on welfare in Australia by Eve Vincent. Melbourne University Press: Victoria, Australia, 2023
ISBN 9780522878950 (pbk), pp.102, pbk and ebook $36.32
Towards an optimal design of acoustic Luneburg lenses
Authors: da Silva Andrey Ricardo , Duarte Victor Mosimann
Published: October 2024

Although the concept of acoustic Luneburg lenses was first proposed more than 50 years ago, its physical realization became feasible only in the last decade, owing to advancements in metamaterials research. Since then, numerous studies have explored the potential of these devices from the acoustic perspective. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms associated with the optimal performance of these lenses remains underexplored in the literature. This study conducts numerical investigations to identify parameters enhancing acoustic gain in Luneburg lenses. The analyses are conducted with the results obtained from a flattened Luneburg lens model based on the lattice Boltzmann method. Results, scaled with the Helmholtz number, He, indicate that the maximum acoustic gain occurs at He = 1.3, with performance sustained over a wide range of Helmholtz values. Analysis of surface impedance reveals underperformance for Helmholtz values below 0.5 due to viscous dissipation and above 2.0 due to Bragg reflections. These results provide a basis for evaluating the Helmholtz parameters that optimize the acoustic gain of Luneburg lenses.
Can We Talk? Exploring the Effects of Mental Health Stigma, Support, and Openness on National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athlete Mental Health
Authors: Brown Braden J. , Aller Ty B. , Lyons Logan K. , Jenson Autumn , Juhasz Audrey C. , Jensen Jakob F. , Hodgson Jennifer L.
Published: October 2024

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student athletes may have more stigmatic views toward mental health (MH) and be less open to talking about or seeking support for MH struggles than their peers. This may contribute to and/or exacerbate existing MH challenges. This cross-sectional study explored the impact of MH stigma, support, and openness on student athletes’ levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among 478 NCAA student athletes representing 20 different sports from 56 universities. Results indicated that male, Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC), and Division I athletes reported higher levels of MH stigma. Compared with their White peers, BIPOC athletes exhibited less openness to talk about MH challenges. Division I and BIPOC athletes felt less supported to seek help for MH concerns. Structural equation modeling showed that MH stigma was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas MH openness was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Research/practical implications, limitations, and future research and athletic department programming needs are discussed.
The Utility of Head-Mounted Eye Gaze Tracking for Vision-in-Action Assessments to Enhance Skill Acquisition and Sport Performance: A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis
Authors: Aitcheson-Huehn Nikki , Kiefer Adam W.
Published: October 2024

Mobile eye tracking technology enables the objective evaluation of what, when, and how athletes use visual information from the environment to control action in service of skilled performance. This review highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to consider before adopting this technology to evaluate visual–motor control for enhanced skill acquisition and performance in sport. Strengths include increased ecological validity by recording the athlete within their natural performance environment. Weaknesses include diminished tracking fidelity based on the eye’s morphology or squinting, eye tracker movement, and lens fogging. Opportunities consist of novel assessments around research themes such as combatting the negative effects of pressure and performance enhancement through personalized training. The formfitting technologies also introduce recording opportunities during standard practices. Data processing time, synchronization of video streams, and hand coding of variables comprise the threats in addition to the hardware cost and the fees associated with crowdsourcing data coding. Currently, it is also not feasible to provide coaches with a report of their athletes’ data in a timeline suitable to create player-specific drills. Evaluating portable eye tracking technology with a SWOT framework helps translate scientific knowledge to practitioners considering implementing this technology for athlete assessment and development.
Virtual Neuromuscular Training Among Physically Active Young Adults: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Magliato Samantha N. , Wingerson Mathew J. , Smulligan Katherine L. , Little Casey C. , Lugade Vipul , Wilson Julie C. , Howell David R.
Published: October 2024

Context: Evidence indicates a 2 to 3 times increased risk of musculoskeletal injury after return to play from concussion. Undetected neuromuscular control deficits at return to play may relate to increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Rehabilitation to improve neuromuscular control may benefit patients with concussion, but access to rehabilitation professionals and/or poor adherence may limit efficacy. Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of an 8-week virtual neuromuscular training (NMT) program administered through a novel smartphone application among physically active, uninjured adults. Design: Feasibility trial. Methods: Participants were instructed to complete an NMT program administered via a smartphone application and returned for follow-up questionnaires 8 weeks later. They were instructed to complete 3 asynchronous self-guided workouts per week during the 8-week intervention period. Workouts included balance, plyometrics, strengthening, and dual-task exercises. The application provided instructions for each exercise using video, text, and audio descriptions. Our primary feasibility measure was participant adherence, calculated as the percentage of workouts completed out of the total possible 24 workouts. We recorded the average duration of each workout using start/stop/advance features within the application. Results: Twenty participants were enrolled, of which 15 (age = 26.3 [2.7] y, 67% female) returned for follow-up (75% retention). Participant adherence was 57.2% (25.0%; range: 16.7%–91.7%). Participants spent 17.3 (8.0) minutes per workout (range: 7.4–37.9 min). There were no adverse reactions or injuries. Most participants (60%) reported time availability as a primary barrier to intervention completion. Conclusions: Participants were moderately (>50%) adherent to a virtual NMT program, without any reported injuries. We identified several barriers to participation and pathways for improved adherence in the future. The virtual NMT program completed by uninjured adults provides evidence of its feasibility and future scalability to those with a recent concussion to address neuromuscular control deficits and reduce future injury risk.