bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFECTO DE LA APLICACIÓN DE GABA EN LA EXPRESIÓN DE GENES ANTIOXIDANTES EN LIMÓN PERSA
Authors: Flores-de la Rosa Felipe Roberto , Vergara Estudillo Elias , Santillán-Mendoza Ricardo , Rodriguez-Quibrera Cynthia Guadalupe , Adame-García Jacel
Published: August 2022

Background: The Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) is one of the most economically important citrus fruits in Mexico. However, it confronts a vast range of threats to reach optimal productivity. Different sources of biotic and abiotic stress cause an alteration in the metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which leads a high level of oxidative stress. The application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to induce an increase in the expression of antioxidant genes in various plant species. Objective: Determine the effect of exogenous application of GABA on the expression of APX and CAT genes in Persian lime plants, as well as to determine the similarity of the coding regions of these genes with other plant species. Methodology: a GABA 1 mM solution was applied in Persian lime plants of 1 year and RNA was extracted at 0, 1, 5, 24 h after application. CAT and APX genes were amplified through RT-PCR and expression was quantified using a densitometric approach.  Results: The application of GABA generated an increase in the activity of both genes, especially at 1 hour after the application. The APX gene was the one that showed the greatest increase at 1 hour; however, 24 hours after application, the activity of this gene was repressed. The CAT gene showed an increase at 1h, and it was decreasing over time, however, it was always higher compared to the control. Sequence analysis showed a high similarity between APX from Persian lime and A. thalina and CAT between Persian lime and C. sinensis. Implications: Further studies are necessary to evaluate if the application of GABA in Persian lime helps against biotic and abiotic sources of stress. Conclusions: The application of GABA in Persian lime is a possible strategy to counteract the effects of oxidative damage caused by biotic and abiotic stress.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA APTITUD DE TIERRAS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA PORCICULTURA A ESCALA REGIONAL EN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO
Authors: Bautista Francisco , Aguilar Yameli
Published: August 2022

Background. Pig farms are an important economic activity in the state of Yucatán, but they cause great environmental damage, such as groundwater contamination, air pollution, and soil degradation, which together affect both health and economy of local populations. Objective: The aim of this work was to spatially identify the surface suitable for the establishment of pig farms in the state of Yucatán where damage to the environment and human health are not a serious problem. Methodology: For the elaboration of the cartographic model, four maps were used as inputs that represent the evaluation variables, they are: altitude, karst depressions, soils and duration of the rainy season. They were converted to raster formats and handled in a geographic information system. Five classes of territorial aptitude for the establishment of pig farms were defined, 1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 = mean; 4 = discharge; and 5 = very high. The index and superposition method were used to integrate the four variables in a territorial aptitude model. To assign weights to each variable, a multi-criteria decision technique called "analytical hierarchies’ method" was used. Results: The surface area of the territory of the state of Yucatán according to the suitability classes for the establishment of pig farms was: a very low with 21%; low with 50%; medium with 15%; high with 6%; and the very high zone with 8%. The areas of high and very high suitability for the establishment of pig farms are located in the south of the state. Implications: the map of the suitability for the establishment of pig farms on a regional scale will be an important input for updating the "program of ecological land management" of the state of Yucatan. However, due to the particularities of the karst, it is very necessary to carry the analysis to scales greater than 1:50 000 for the development of specific pig projects. Conclusions: The land evaluation model for the establishment of pig farms in the state of Yucatán on a regional scale, allows spatially identifying suitable and highly suitable areas for such activity. The most suitable territories are located in the south of the state, so it would be recommended that the growth of pig farming be those territories after consulting with the native populations.
APORTACIONES DE LA FMVZ-UADY AL CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE CERDOS, AVES Y CONEJOS CON RECURSOS TRÓPICALES
Authors: Sarmiento-Franco L. , Santos Ricalde Ronald , Sandoval-Castro C.A. , Torres-Acosta J.F.J.
Published: August 2022

Background. In the Yucatan peninsula there are a large number of floristic resources that can be used in the feeding of monogastric in either intensive or alternative systems that also seek for animal welfare. Objective. To review the information that has been published in scientific journals about the research on monogastric feeding systems in the FMVZ-UADY. Methodology. A compilation was made of the published works on feeding systems of pigs, poultry and rabbits. Publications in scientific journals were considered, where researchers and students of the FMVZ-UADY participated. Main findings. Forty scientific articles were reviewed, of which 10 were about pigs, 26 about poultry and 4 about rabbits. Implications. The information that has been published in recent years has contributed to the knowledge about tropical floristic resources with nutritional potential for monogastric animals, which facilitate their incorporation into poultry, pig and rabbit production systems. Conclusions. The floristic resources available in the region have limitations for their use in monogastric animals due to their fiber content and anti-nutritional factors, however, in the FMVZ-UADY processes, treatments and feed management have been developed that allow their use at acceptable and safe levels, without affecting the productive behavior of the animals.
ANÁLISIS MULTIVARIADO PARA CARACTERIZAR Y TIPIFICAR FINCAS PRODUCTORAS DE PAPA (Solanum tuberosum L.) EN CUTERVO, CAJAMARCA, P
Authors: Tirado-Malaver R. H. , Mendoza-Saenz J. , Tirado-Lara R. , Tirado-Malaver R.
Published: August 2022

Background: The potato production system is an important socioeconomic and environmental activity in the high Andean areas of Peru, and it is necessary to characterize and typify said system to identify types of producing farms with homogeneous and representative characteristics, and thus design strategies to improve the production system of potatoes, in the northern highlands of Peru. Objectives: The objective of this research is to characterize and classify potato-producing farms using of multivariate methods in the province of Cutervo, Peru. Methodology: 165 farms were selected, and data was collected through a survey that describes the social, economic and environmental characteristics. Results: The principal component analyzes report seven principal components which explain 73.46% of the total variability of the data, which highlight the most important variables that characterize the potato system; show that most of the producers have basic education, belong to a peasant community, have an area of 1 ha or more and their production exceeds 13 t ha-1, but production costs are high, due to the excessive use of pesticides, added to this the low price of potatoes, obtaining low monthly income. The lack of training by state institutions and the application of new technologies. The cluster analysis characterized five typical farms, with different levels of technology and economy, social and environmental characteristics of the potato production system. Implications: Multivariate analysis can typify and characterize the production system of different crops in an agoecological zone, by selecting uncorrelated variables that are easier to understand and explain to design agricultural development strategies. Conclusions: The multivariate analysis managed to identify the most critical or risk characteristics of the potato production system at the farm level, establishing five standard farms, made up of a group of producers with homogeneous socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, therefore, intervention is necessary and implementation of strategies to improve the most critical characteristics of each group of producers to increase yield, combining chemical pesticides with biological agents to control pests and diseases, manage biodiversity and increase the quality of life of families that produce crops papa in Cutervo.
POTENTIAL OF Entada africana Guill. & Perr. SEED MEAL AS FEED INGREDIENT IN THE DIET OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Makinde O.J. , Ajibade A.J. , Opoola E. , Sikiru A.B. , Okunade S.A.
Published: August 2022

Background. The demand and cost of feed ingredients for broiler chicken production have increased in many African countries. This has necessitated the search for alternative feed sources. Objective. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded levels of Entada africana seed meal (EASM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and organ weight of broiler chickens. Methodology. A total of 150 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five experimental diets formulated to contain 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% EASM and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. There were 30 birds in each treatment which was replicated three (3) times with ten (10) birds per pen in a completely randomized design. Throughout the experimental period, feed and water were provided ad libitum for all treatment groups. Result. Average body weight gain (40.01-44.36 g/d), average feed intake (90.47-94.33 g/d) and FCR (2.09-2.33) were not influenced by dietary treatments at both starter and finisher phases of the study (P>0.05). The carcass parameters and organ weight measured across the treatment groups were similar (P>0.05) except back (14.85-17.80 %) and breast (16.45-19.87 %) weights (P<0.05). Implication. Entada africana seed is a rich source of protein that will serve as alternative feed resource in broiler feeds. Conclusion. Therefore, up to 20 % processed EASM could be included in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and organ weight of the birds.
ZINC BIOFORTIFICATION IMPROVES YIELD, NUTRACEUTICAL QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN LETTUCE
Authors: Preciado-Rangel Pablo , Campos-Ortiz Adriel , Sánchez Chávez Esteban , Reyes-Gonzalez Arturo , Ruiz-Espinoza Francisco , Ojeda-Barrios Dámaris , Hernandez-Montiel Luis
Published: August 2022

Background: Zinc (Zn) is an important element in human health and is consumed through foods of animal origin. However, the biofortification of plants with Zn can be a strategy for the consumption of this micronutrient and to increase the morphology, physiology, and plant yield. Objective: Quantify the effect of Zn application on yield, nutraceutical quality and antioxidant activity of lettuce. Methodology: Foliar application of ZnSO4 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM L-1) on lettuce plants was made. Yield, nutraceutical quality and the concentration of Zn in the plant tissue was determinate. Results: The optimum Zn dose that maximized yield and nutraceutical quality, as well as the recommended consumption concentration in lettuce in this study was 75 µM L-1 (ZnSO4). Implications: Higher doses of Zn decreased bioactive compound biosynthesis. Conclusion: Zn biofortification is an alternative to increase phytochemical compound biosynthesis and yield with the possibility of improving public health.
Ontología, modos de existencia y tecnologías: Propuestas para un acercamiento relacional en arqueología
Authors: Troncoso Andrés , Armstrong Felipe , Moya Francisca
Published: August 2022

En este trabajo exploramos un acercamiento teórico-metodológico al registro arqueológico desde una mirada ontológica. Para ello proponemos un conjunto de premisas teóricas basadas en el hecho que toda práctica social es relacional, lo cual implica que, a través de ellas, y el habitar-en-el-mundo, se despliega todo un campo de relaciones históricamente posicionadas entre humanos y una serie de otros existentes (lugares, materias, seres). Al tener este campo de relaciones una dimensión espacial, material y temporal, puede ser abordado desde el estudio arqueológico. Para realizar tal labor, esbozamos un acercamiento desde la tecnología y las cadenas operativas, que es aplicado al arte rupestre del centro norte de Chile.
PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN PURUS RW 07 DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Irdha Yusra  , Lidya Martha  , Riri Mayliza  , Maizul Rahmizal  , Maria Magdalena  , Habibatul Hidayati  , Juarsa Badri  , Helmi Prilia Aldino
Published: August 2022

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, yaitu: Mengetahui sejauh mana kelangsungan perekonomian bagi usaha Border Er dengan membuat masker sebagai salah satu bentuk kreatifitas yang dilakukan guna menambah pendapatan bagi para ibu-ibu penjahit di tengah kondisi Pandemik Covid-19. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada Semester Genap Tahun Akademik 2019/2020, tepatnya Minggu, 31 Mei 2020. Tempat pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Jl. Rambai Gang Makmur RW 07 Kelurahan Purus Kecamatan Padang Barat Kota Padang. Berdasarkan hasil pertemuan dengan pemilik usaha Bordir ER, diperoleh suatu solusi sumber ekonomi di masa Covid-19 bagi ibu-ibu di RW 07 Kelurahan Purus Kecamatan Padang Barat Kota Padang, yaitu dengan menjahit masker. Empat puluh penjahit teah diberdayakan oleh Ibu ER. Ibu-ibu penjahit sangat merasakan dampak positif karena dapat memperoleh pendapatan guna menunjang ekonomi rumh tangga.
PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DENGAN TANAMAN PEKARANGAN “KUJARAI” DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Syamsuwirman  , Yonny Arita Taher  , Herda Gusvita
Published: August 2022

Tujuan kegiatan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani dengan memproduksi pupuk organik yang digunakan untuk tanaman “kujarai”  (kunyit,  jahe,serai).Kegiatan direncanakan akan dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa KKN setelah  proposal diterima oleh Kemenristek, tertanggal 28 Januari 2020. Namun dikarenakan pandemi  Covid-19 yang terjadi pada tahun 2020 munculnya  larangan berkumpul yang  juga  berdampak  pada  berubahnya sistem KKN pada mahasiswa yang akan melaksanakan kegiatan KKN. Selanjutnya kegiatan  diperluas  dari  awalnya  Nagari  Lubuk Pandan,   menjadi Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Teknis   pelaksanaan, pertama didata mahasiswa yang  bertempat tinggal di Kabupaten Padang  Pariaman, dengan 30 orang mahasiswa yang  melaksanakan kegiatan.Masing-masing  mahasiswa peserta membina dan melakukan  penanaman “Kujarai”  di pekarangan sebanyak  10 keluarga.Dari kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan, diperkirakan masing-masing petani mendapatkan peningkatan pendapatan 6 -7 bulan ke depan, Rp. 294.000 dari kunyit, Rp. 1.350.000,- dari jahe, dan Rp. 400.000,- dari serai, dengan total pendapatan Rp. 2.044.000, Target untuk kegiatan ini adalah petani mampu membuat pupuk organik dari limbah pertanian dan mengaplikasikannya ke tanaman, memaksimalkan pekarangan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat.
Serangan Aljabar pada Algoritme S-IDEA dan Miniatur S-IDEA
Authors: Matanggwan Nadya Marta , Carita Sa'aadah Sajjana
Published: August 2022

Serangan aljabar dapat dilakukan dalam dua tahapan yaitu mendapatkan sistem persamaan polinomial dan menentukan solusi dari sistem persamaan polinomial tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan serangan aljabar pada S-IDEA. Proses enkripsi satu round S-IDEA terdiri dari 14 langkah sedangkan sampai dengan Langkah ke-7 sudah diperoleh persamaan polinomial yang besar yaitu terdiri dari 4.721 monomial. Oleh karena keterbatasan sumber daya, dibuat miniatur S-IDEA agar serangan aljabar dapat dilakukan pada setiap langkah secara utuh. Algoritme miniatur S-IDEA terdiri dari 2,5 round yang setiap round-nya terdiri dari 14 langkah seperti halnya S-IDEA. Proses serangan aljabar pada miniatur S-IDEA menghasilkan 8 persamaan polinomial dengan monomial maksimal yang diperoleh yaitu sebanyak 1.109 monomial. Penentuan solusi dari persamaan polinomial yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan metode XL algorithm dan basis Gröbner. Metode XL algorithm dilakukan sampai tahap 4 dari 5 tahap, yaitu tahap linierisasi. Tahap linierisasi menghasilkan 136 persamaan yang didalamnya terdapat 1512 monomial. Konstanta dari persamaan linier tersebut dapat direpresentasikan ke dalam bentuk matriks berukuran 1512×136. Besarnya sistem persamaan hasil linierisasi yang diperoleh menyebabkan nilai kunci belum bisa didapatkan secara langsung melainkan harus dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan mana saja yang perlu digunakan untuk tahap selanjutnya pada XL algorithm. Sementara itu penentuan solusi dengan basis Gröbner menghasilkan 34 persamaan baru yang cukup panjang, sehingga nilai kunci belum dapat diperoleh secara langsung.
Desain PRNG Berbasis Fungsi Hash Menggunakan GIMLI
Authors: Dian Pradana Galuh , Nurul Qomariasih
Published: August 2022

Rangkaian bit acak merupakan komponen penting dalam kriptografi yang digunakan dalam berbagai hal, salah satunya digunakan sebagai kunci masukan dalam algoritme kriptografi. Rangkaian tersebut dapat diperoleh dari RNG atau PRNG. Menurut Stallings (2017) PRNG merupakan suatu mekanisme yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan bit-bit acak yang digunakan untuk membangkitkan kunci sesi, rangkaian kunci stream cipher, dan bilangan acak yang digunakan pada algoritme kunci publik yang harus memenuhi sifat randomness dan unpredictability. Berdasarkan NIST SP 800-90 A revisi 1 suatu PRNG dapat dibangun dari block cipher atau fungsi hash (HASH_DRBG). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka peneliti mengajukan desain PRNG berbasis fungsi hash menggunakan fungsi pembangkit GIMLI_HASH. GIMLI_HASH merupakan fungsi hash yang menghasilkan keluaran 256 bit dan dibangun dari fungsi permutasi GIMLI. Keluaran PRNG diuji dengan tool uji keacakan sts 2.1.2 NIST SP 800-22 revisi 1a. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan level signifikan  dengan pendekatan proporsi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua skenario, kedua skenario pengujian menggunakan seed sama yang diperoleh dari algoritme Mersenne Twister. Pengujian pertama digunakan additional_input adalah nilai null, tetapi pada pengujian kedua digunakan additional_input adalah nilai acak dengan panjang 64 bit. Hasil pengujian terhadap keluaran PRNG menunjukan bahwa keluaran PRNG lulus pada seluruh uji yang direkomendasikan pada NIST SP 800-22 revisi 1a.
Rancang Bangun Model Machine Learning untuk Mendeteksi Malicious Webpage dengan Metode Wang, et al. (2017)
Authors: Mohamad Arifandy  , Septia Ulfa Sunaringtyas
Published: August 2022

Penggunaan internet dengan mengakses suatu web kerap kali dilakukan untuk berbagai kepentingan. Akibatnya terdapat pihak tertentu yang memanfaatkannya untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Keuntungan tersebut dilakukan dengan melakukan tindak kejahatan berupa penyisipan konten berbahaya pada suatu halaman web sehingga halaman tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai malicious webpage. Machine learning yang saat ini sedang menjadi trend dapat digunakan untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut. Machine learning dapat digunakan sebagai cara untuk mendeteksi malicious webpage dengan melakukan klasifikasi terhadap suatu web berdasarkan ciri berupa fitur yang dimiliki dari halaman web. Performa terbaik dari machine learning dalam mendeteksi malicious webpage sangat diperlukan. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan rancang bangun model machine learning menggunakan metode Wang, et al. (2017) untuk mendeteksi malicious webpage. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rancang bangun model machine learning terdiri dari tahapan mempersiapkan lingkungan, pembuatan dataset, dan training dan testing dataset menggunakan algoritme decision tree. Model machine learning memiliki performa berupa akurasi, precision, dan f-measure yang dihasilkan adalah 0.921, 0.925, dan 0.914. Penggunaan algoritme decision tree memberikan performa terbaik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan algoritme lain seperti naïve bayes dan support vector machine (SVM). Performa berupa akurasi, precision, dan f-measure  yang dihasilkan dari algoritme naïve bayes adalah 0.738, 0.645, dan 0.773. Performa berupa akurasi, precision, dan f-measure yang dihasilkan dari algoritme SVM adalah 0.802, 0.738, dan 0.807.
Pembuatan Bahan Cyber Exercise sebagai Sarana Latihan Penanganan Insiden Malware (Studi Kasus: Instansi XYZ)
Authors: Ghina Mariyah Fairuz  , M. Yusuf Bambang Setiadji
Published: August 2022

Serangan malware semakin berkembang di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu sektor yang menjadi target serangan malware adalah sektor pendidikan. Contoh nyata insiden malware pada sektor pendidikan adalah insiden malware di Instansi pendidikan XYZ. Insiden tersebut mengakibatkan terganggunya layanan e-mail Instansi XYZ, data-data pribadi mahasiswa hilang atau terenkripsi, serta terganggunya kinerja perangkat elektronik yang terinfeksi. Berkaca dari insiden yang pernah terjadi, Instansi XYZ sebaiknya memiliki kemampuan penanganan insiden. Kemampuan penanganan insiden dapat dilatih melalui kegiatan Cyber Exercise. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan berupa dokumen Participants Handout dan lingkungan simulasi yang dapat digunakan untuk Cyber Exercise insiden malware oleh pengelola TI Instansi XYZ. Pembuatan bahan dilakukan berdasarkan siklus Cyber Exercise dengan skenario insiden malware jenis ransomware. Skenario penanganan insiden yang dilakukan mengacu pada NIST SP 800-83r1. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil keluaran berupa mesin virtual sebagai lingkungan simulasi insiden, berkas hasil tangkapan jaringan, dan dokumen Participants Handout yang berisi enam studi kasus skenario insiden.
Perancangan Rencana Tata Kelola dan Manajemen Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan COBIT 2019 dan NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 (Studi Kasus: Instansi Pemerintah ABC)
Authors: Afiansyah Hafizh Ghozie , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: August 2022

Untuk mendukung fungsinya sebagai instansi pemerintahan, Instansi Pemerintah ABC menggunakan layanan teknologi informasi (TI) untuk membantu proses bisnis dan penyediaan layanan publik. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dari penggunaan TI, diperlukan adanya rencana tata kelola dan manajemen terhadap TI sehingga penggunaanya dapat sejalan dengan tujuan dan capaian yang diinginkan dari instansi. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perancangan rencana tata kelola dan manajemen TI untuk Instansi Pemerintah ABC dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 2019 dan kendali dari NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5. Hasilnya, terdapat 9 proses dari COBIT 2019 dan 14 kendali dari NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 yang dapat diterapkan oleh Instansi Pemerintah ABC sebagai rencana tata kelola dan manajemen TI.
Ehliyet Arızası Olarak Çocukluğun Damân Sorumluğuna Etkisi
Authors: AYDOĞDU Ahmet Enes
Published: August 2022

İslâm hukukunda kişinin mali olarak ödemek zorunda olduğu cezalar genel bir kavram olan damân kavramının kapsamına dâhil edilmektedir. Başlangıçta kefalet veya tazmin anlamlarında kullanılan damân terimi bir-çok tanımı yapılmakla beraber giderek kişinin genel mali yükümlülükleri şeklinde daha kapsayıcı bir anlam kazanmıştır. Damân kavramı kişinin genel mali yükümlülükleri olarak ele alındığında verilen bir zarardan veya akitlerden kaynaklanan mali sorumlulukların yanında kişinin ibadet olarak mükellef olduğu zekât, kefaret ve nezir için ödenen bazı mali bedelleri de kapsamaktadır. İslâm hukukunda şahsıların mallarına veya canlarına veri-len zararların tazmin veya diyet ile telafi edilmesi ve kişinin dinen mükellef olduğu bazı mali yükümlülüklerin yerine getirilmesi genel bir prensiptir. İnsan hayatında bazı arızi durumlarda kişinin dini ve hukuki sorumlulukla-ra elverişli olması anlamına gelen ehliyet ortadan kalkmaktır. İnsanda do-ğuştan var olan veya sonradan meydana gelen bu arızi hallere ehliyet arıza-sı denilmektedir. Doğuştan var olan veya sonradan meydana gelen bu hal-ler kişinin dini ve hukuki olarak mükellef olduğu bazı sorumlukları ortadan tamamen kaldırmakta veya uygulanacak cezada hafifletilme yapılmasına sebep olmaktadır. Sabi gayr-i mümeyyiz ve sabi mümeyyizleri içeren çocuk-luk döneminde olmak İslam hukuku açısından ehliyet arızası olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çocukluk çağında olan kişilerin genel mali yükümlükler anla-mına gelen damân sorumluklarında bazı değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Örneğin Kendisine emanet bırakılan bir malı telef eden çocuk âlimlerin bazı-larına göre zararı tazmin etmesi gerekirken bazılarına göre her hangi bir sorumluluğu bulunmamaktadır. Adam öldürme cezası olarak katilden ödenmesi istenen diyet cezasında katil çocuk olursa durum değişmektedir. Çoğunluk çocuğun işlediği cinayeti hata (en ölüdürme) kapsamında değer-lendirdiği için diyet çocuğun kendi malından değil âkilesi tarafından öden-mesi gerektiği savunmuştur. İbadet olarak mali bir sorumluluk olan zekât, söz konusu mükellef çocuk olduğunda bazılarına göre ödenmesi gerekirken bazılarına göre ödenmesine gerek yoktur.
Compound words implementations in “flowers in the attic” novel by VC Andrews
Authors: Yusuf Aprilulloh , Shand Shellma Deu
Published: August 2022

Background:  Compound word is a word that include of two elements (a root/a word/a phrase and a root/a word) formed a new word and new meaning. Compounding is very important word formation process to know, especially in learning morphology in linguistics where students are required to learn the origin of the word formed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the types and the meanings of compound words refers to theory of Plag, then to know the types of compound words mostly found in articles.

Design and methods: Method of this study used descriptive qualitative research. To collect the data, the writer used documentation technique. From four types of compound, nominal compound is often appearing, because nominal compound is compound words that indicate and refer to the single noun (person, thing, animals, etc.).

Results: This result also shows that the compound words not only create new word but also create new meaning. It can use to study about word formation especially in compounding.
Effect of sowing windows on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes
Authors: K RAAGAVALLI  , T M SOUMYA  , H K VEERANNA  , S P NATARAJU  , H NARAYANSWAMY
Published: August 2022

In general, groundnut crop is subjected to varied climatic conditions and monsoon vagaries in particular, as it is mostly grown under rainfed conditions during kharif. It is necessary to select a suitable groundnut genotype and sowing window as a non-monetary input to reduce the effect of climate on crop yield. Field experiment was conducted at AHRS, Bavikere, UAHS, Shivamogga, to study the influence of sowing windows on growth and yield of groundnut genotypes under rainfed conditions during kharif, 2017 in sandy loam soil. Four groundnut genotypes viz., GKVK-5, GPBD-4, G2-52 and TMV-2 and four sowing windows viz., II fortnight of June, I and II fortnights of July and I fortnight of August were selected. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept using two factors, each with four levels replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that, the genotype GKVK-5 recorded significantly higher pod yield (16.73 q/ha), shelling percentage and kernel yield, followed by G2-52, GPBD-4 and TMV-2. While, the crop sown during II fortnight of June recorded significantly higher pod yield, shelling percentage and kernel yield compared to other sowing windows, due to increased crop growth parameters. Delayed sowings reduced crop growth and development due to moisture stress, thereby, decreasing the pod yield. However, among the treatment combinations, genotype GKVK-5 sown during II fortnight of June recorded higher pod yield (18.07 q/ha).
Response of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties to different plant spacing and fertilizer levels
Authors: S R GAIKWAD  , V P SURYAVANSHI  , A M MISAL
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2016 in Vertisols at Oilseed Research Station, Latur to assess the response of  inseed varieties to different plant spacing and fertilizer levels. Number of branches/plant, spread/plant, dry matter accumulation/plant, number of capsules/plant, weight of capsule/plant, number of seeds/capsule, seed yield/plant, test weight, seed yield (kg/ha), harvest index (%) and oil content (%) were significantly higher with linseed variety LSL-93 over variety NL-260. All individual plant characters were higher with plant spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm. The spacing of 30 cm × 5 cm gave significantly higher seed yield over the spacing of 45 cm × 5 cm and 30 cm × 10 cm. The significant response to applied fertilizer was up to 100% recommended dose of fertilizer and this level produced higher seed yield and gross returns.
Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam Pada Ibu Post Sectio Caesarea RSUD Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya: Studi Kasus
Authors: Agnesia Anita Putri , Aryanti Dewi
Published: August 2022

Persalinan sectio caesarea dapat menyebabkan rasa nyeri akibat pengeluaran histamin dan prostaglandin, rasa nyeri ini diperlukan intervensi non farmakologi agar dapat membantu pasien mengurangi respon nyeri, salah satunya adalah teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran implementasi teknik relaksasi nafas dalam pada ibu post sectio caesarea, proses pemberian asuhan keperawatan dilaksanakan selama tiga hari, dimulai 11 April  sampai 14 April 2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional. Teknik relaksasi nafas dalam pada dua asuhan keperawatan pada ibu post sectio caesarea dengan Standar Operasional PPNI yang meliputi 15 langkah, yang dilaksanakan 6x implementasi selama 3 hari dan dilakukan 2x sehari (pagi dan siang). Respon setelah dilakukan teknik relaksasi napas dalam pada pasien post sectio caesarea semua sampel yakni subjek 1 dan subjek 2 sudah tidak ada data nyeri. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dalam studi kasus ini adalah teknik relaksasi nafas dalam pada pasien post sectio caesarea, yaitu terdiri dari 15 langkah sesuai dengan standar operasional (PPNI).
Արցախյան հակամարտության ընկալումն ԻԻՀ ներքին խոսույթում՝ քառօրյայից մինչև քառասունչորսօրյա պատերազմ (2016-2020 թթ.)
Authors:   ԵՊՀ արևելագիտության ֆակուլտետ, իրանագիտության ամբիոնի դասախոս, Վարդանյան Ահարոն
Published: August 2022

The examination of the views, analysis, and positions in the internal discourse of the IRI on the Artsakh conflict is important from the point of view of understanding the logic forming this country's approaches to the conflict. The approaches of policy-making institutions and various political parties are reflected in internal discourse through the views of individuals associated with them and through the main media resources. During the military operations in 2016, the elements of a "positive approach" to the Artsakh Republic prevailed in Iran’s internal discourse. These days, the Iranian discourse is also more homogeneous in terms of its approaches to the conflict. In terms of the opinions expressed and the publications made during the war in 2020, the differences in the approaches of the decision-making institutions were quite noticeable. Particularly, the Foreign Ministry was promoting a policy of "active neutrality" and "mediation" when in parallel the military power structures (especially ICRC) were more focused on activities aimed at security targets. The article discusses the above-mentioned peculiarities both in the context of the dynamics of changing the perception of the Artsakh conflict in the internal discourse, as well as in the context of its place in IRI's foreign policy and IRI-Armenia relations.
Հայկական եկեղեցիների և վանքերի պահպանումը Իրանում (նորագույն շրջան)
Authors: Յահյամասիհի Անահիտ
Published: August 2022

In Iran, Armenian people due to their vitality, the mass exiles gradually grew into an organized community that kept its national identity, language, religion, traditions and diverse arts inherited from the homeland, and most importantly, not to be assimilated. The Armenian colonies of Iran have built remarkable and valuable cultural assets such as, monasteries and churches, rooted their faith, traditions and customs during the centuries of their existence. The Iranian-Armenian communities are divided into the dioceses of Atrpatakan, Isfahan, and Tehran. The daily problems of the communities are solved through the work of religious leaders and the diocesan council. More than 341 monasteries, churches and shrines were built in Iran, but only 123 withstand today.
Away with oppressed methodology! Reflections on an experiment in Law & Development education
Authors: Eenmaa Helen , Goodwin Morag , Ikdahl Ingunn , Santocildes Marta Enciso
Published: August 2022

Ten years ago, six institutions came together to establish a joint doctoral programme. The shared motivations behind this project were to improve the quality of doctoral research that we encountered and to create a space for qualitative research within our law schools. We called the project the ‘European Joint Doctorate in Law and Development’ (EDOLAD). A key element of the programme was to be a core, and therefore compulsory, curriculum that all researchers were to follow. For most of the scholars involved in the project, L&D was a useful label that allowed us to bridge our different interests and to create shared ground. For some, though, the core curriculum also provided an opportunity to define what we thought L&D education or legal research should be. What emerged was a focus on critical methodology. This paper explores this by reflecting on what we had hoped to achieve with the core curriculum and draws on EDOLAD researchers’ experiences to determine what impact our efforts at creating an L&D-focused education may have had. What our reflections here suggest, in part, is the difficulty of creating a coherent, field-building, programme of education in a multi-university collaboration in which resources are unevenly distributed; but also, more interestingly, that L&D as a concept - at least as we imagined it - seems to struggle to provide a scholarly identity for critical researchers.
Wissenschaftliche Kritik und ›positivistische Ideologiekritik‹ Zur Relevanz zweier Kriterien für die zeitgenössische (Ideologie-)Kritik
Authors: Haase Michaela
Published: August 2022

Eine positivistische Denkfigur besagt, dass nur empirisches Wissen den Anspruch erheben kann, Wissen zu sein. Nicht-empirisch begründetes wissenschaftliches Wissen gibt es demnach nicht. Wenn z. B. Werturteile vorgeben, Wissen zu sein, werden sie zur Ideologie. Unter Bezugnahme auf die neukantianische Wissenschafts- und Wertphilosophie, die von Jürgen Habermas aufgezeigten ›Fallstricke des Positivismus‹ und die analytische Wissenschaftsphilosophie beleuchtet der Artikel die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der ›positivistischen‹ (Ideologie-)Kritik.
How Is Post-Normal Science Possible?
Authors: Shipovalova Lada V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The author starts from the contemporary image of “post-normal science”, which implies the openness of science to policy (S. Funtovicz and J. Ravetz). She considers the idea of post-normal science as a normative basis for the scientists’ demand for the politicization of science, as a conceptual condition for grasping crises and the role of scientific expertise in their resolution, and as a designation of a special phenomenon of contemporary science with the ambiguous status of a scientist-expert. Based on the analysis of the concept, the author emphasizes the problem of combining scientific validity and political relevance, inherent in post-normal science. The elements of this problem are the danger of including science in politics, the violation of objectivity and the lack of demarcating scientific and non-scientific knowledge. The author argues that the solution of the problem becomes possible if the political relevance of science is interpreted as interaction, and scientific validity as objectivity are revealed through attention to the concept of “knowing-how”.
The Problem of Typology of Scientific Cognition in the Context of Cultural-Historical Epistemology
Authors: Pruzhinin Boris I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The existing variants of the classification of sciences differentiate and correlate the types of cognitive practices on various grounds. At the same time, the attention of epistemologists is usually concentrated on the instrumental logical and methodological functions of the proposed classifications, which guide scientists in the holistic cognitive space of rational cognition (by subject, by epistemological preferences, by methods, etc.). As for the sociocultural dimensions of scientific and cognitive activity, they (as long as they are taken into account) mostly correlate with the typological features of research practices only slightly. Meanwhile, science as a whole is undergoing significant changes today, affecting, among other things, the status and methodological functions of its socio-cultural parameters, which significantly change the configuration of the cognitive space of scientific and cognitive activity. The article attempts to demonstrate the features of the problematization of contemporary science’s philosophical and methodological foundations. When discussing these issues, it is fundamentally important to consider how a scientist realizes his methodological tools and the socio-cultural status of scientific and cognitive activity. According to the author, these problematics are stepping into the center of today’s philosophical and methodological reflection on science, forcing us to take a fresh look at the meaning (target bases) of science as a holistic cognitive phenomenon, accordingly, the typological features of its cognitive practices.
Early Career Researcher: From Managerial Construct to Socio-Epistemic Reality
Authors: Pirozhkova Sofia V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of the study of young scientists (early career researchers) and their role in the functioning of research teams and the academic system. It shows why this topic has not only applied relevance connected with the theoretical justification of science policy but also concerns fundamental issues of philosophy of science. The nature of the structural organization of scientific teams and the scientific community as a whole is discussed. It is argued that science shares with other social institutions a socio-epistemic hierarchy, involving the division of participants into more and less experienced ones, performing certain functions in accordance with the available amount of knowledge and skills. It is shown that this hierarchy is supported by the system of division of labor in science, but does not lead to the formation of a rigid structure, which is reflected in the mismatch of social and cognitive hierarchies of research teams. It is also shown that the contribution of young scientists to the overall scientific result can not only be great due to the appearance of young geniuses. Scientific youth performs a number of cognitive and social functions that are system-forming and are not duplicated at other levels of the scientific hierarchy. These functions may undergo changes depending on the general state of both a separate research area and the scientific system as a whole. This makes the research of scientific youth promising for studying the transformations of science as a social institution and a cultural and historical phenomenon, in particular, for analyzing scientific communications that constitute the scientific community as a collective subject of scientific knowledge, and changes in scientific ethos.
Towards a “New Epistemology”: Yuk Hui’s Recursivity and Contingency
Authors: Ivakhnenko Evgeniy N. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The article critically examines the project of the Hong Kong philosopher Yuk Hui to create organological and cosmotechnical epistemology. To open up the prospect of a “new epistemology” of this kind, Hui carries out a historical and rational reconstruction of the 250-year movement of European thought – from German idealism to second-order cybernetics. In all these theories and approaches, he reveals the key role of the recursive-contingent ligament. But what has happened in recent decades that prompted the author to reassemble Wiener’s non-trivial cybernetic machines and propose a cosmotechnical strategy for moving towards a “new epistemology”? How justified is it that, in constructing his axiocosmotechnics, he turns to the philosophy of the East, ancient and modern? The author of the article attempts to provide answers to these and other questions.
Alternativas à estratégia neoliberal em curso no país
Authors: Magalhães João Paulo de Almeida
Published: August 2022

O neoliberalismo, no que concerne aos países subdesenvolvidos, tem como fundamento o chamado Consenso de Washington, decididamente apoiado pelo FMI e pelo Banco mundial. Trata-se de documento divulgado em 1990, que pretende definir o comportamento desejável das economias retardatárias. Parte dele doutrinariamente neutra, limita-se a listar pressupostos básicos de qualquer política de desenvolvimento, tais como os equilíbrios monetário, fiscal e cambial. O matiz ideológico surge na proposta de irrestrita abertura às importações e ao capital estrageiro, complementada pela defesa do mercado como regulador exclusivo da economia.
Globalização e regionalização
Authors: Anése Rogério Luis Reolon
Published: August 2022

Nos últimos anos, a economia mundial passou a conviver com dois processos aparentemente contraditórios: a globalização e a regionalização. O presente artigo investiga esses dois fenômenos do ponto de vista do comércio internacional e seus desdobramentos recentes.
Aspectos históricos da ocupação e evolução da estrutura fundiária no Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1940 a 1996
Authors: Sehn Pedro Selomar , Ilha Adayr da Silva
Published: August 2022

Os objetivos deste artigo são: estudar os aspectos históricos da ocupação do Rio Grande do Sul, especificamente da Metade Sul e da Metade Norte e analisar a evolução da estrutura fundiária nessas duas regiões, entre 1940 e 1996. Verificou-se que não houve variações significativas na distribuição dos estabelecimentos rurais tanto no estado como em cada uma das regiões.
A tese do fim da centralidade do trabalho: mitos e realidades
Authors: Prieb Sérgio Alfredo Massen
Published: August 2022

Este artigo trata do fim da centralidade do trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo, procurando analisar dois dos principais defensores dessa tese: Adam Schaff e André Gorz. Esses autores constatam que, com toda a série de inovações tecnológicas em curso nos últimos 30 anos, a classe trabalhadora estaria fadada ao desaparecimento e, junto com ela, estaria ocorrendo a perda da importância do seu papel histórico de criadora de riqueza no modo de produção capitalista. Dessa forma, a classe trabalhadora estaria inapta a reivindicar a propriedade dos meios de produção por meio da superação positiva do capitalismo. Para contrapor a tese dos referidos autores, busca-se recuperar, na literatura marxiana e marxista da teoria do valor-trabalho, os elementos necessários para negar a perda da centralidade do trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo.
A política de preços na indústria de produtos alimentares
Authors: Mello Elder Estevão de
Published: August 2022

Este artigo trata da política de determinação de preços, sob o ponto de vista de empresários da indústria de produtos alimentares, no momento atual. Após o estudo dos aspectos teóricos, aborda-se o comportamento empresarial, através da comparação de indústrias do município de Santa Maria em relação às grandes indústrias instaladas no Rio Grande do Sul. Esse comportamento é investigado com a utilização de um questionário sobre os critérios de determinação do preço de venda, número de concorrentes e os motivos relevantes para manter ou alterar os preços dos produtos. Os resultados, além de tratarem das características da política de preços adotada, consideram, na percepção dos empresários, a importância dos aspectos da demanda e da concorrência entre empresas.
Déficit público, aspectos institucionais e políticos: um modelo normativo
Authors: Veloso Gilberto de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

A literatura corrente sobre a economia política do déficit público assume a existência de interação entre déficit público e restrições de ordens política e institucional. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir essa relação a partir da construção de um modelo normativo com base em fatos estilizados tomados de evidências empíricas e da literatura corrente. São discutidos os resultados do equilíbrio de Nash na ausência de coordenação da autoridade governamental. Neste ambiente, o produto fiscal é compatível a um jogo não cooperativo mediante o processo de Markov.
Características recentes da agroindústria de lácteos no Brasil
Authors: Martinelli Orlando
Published: August 2022

O trabalho analisa algumas características recentes da agroindústria de lácteos. No plano da estrutura produtora da matéria-prima, detecta as tendências recentes dos aspectos produtivos regionais e as formas de coleta e de distribuição do leite, ressaltando o movimento de especialização e concentração regional. No plano da indústria processadora, salienta as principais características da dinâmica competitiva, destacando a importância das barreiras à entrada e o movimento de concentração econômica na atividade.
Desenvolvimento e industrialização no interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro: uma contribuição para o (raro) debate sobre as peculiaridades regionais
Authors: Santos Jorge Sant’Anna dos
Published: August 2022

O artigo se dispõe a tratar, numa perspectiva histórica, a interiorização do desenvolvimento no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da focalização desse processo em uma de suas porções mais industrializadas fora do perímetro da atual região metropolitana, o Vale do Paraíba fluminense, onde está localizada uma das mais importantes unidades produtivas do país, a Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional-CSN. Nesse sentido, retoma o debate acerca das origens e da expansão do desenvolvimento capitalista no país que, no caso de São Paulo, maior economia industrial do país, foi condicionado pelo crescimento da atividade cafeeira, em fins do século XIX. No Rio de Janeiro, nesse mesmo período, a produção cafeeira enfrentou profunda crise. No entanto, embora essa região tenha perdido a liderança industrial, manteve-se durante todo o século XX como o segundo PIB do país, a despeito das análises que insistem em qualificar sua economia como desindustrializada e “decadente”. A análise aqui empreendida busca localizar as fontes dos investimentos e identificar alguns empreendedores responsáveis pela continuidade do desenvolvimento industrial no estado, numa tentativa de explicar as alternativas ali encontradas para enfrentar a diminuição da importância da sua agricultura.
Aplicação do modelo de Thirlwall para a Argentina e o Brasil de 1992-2006
Authors: Balbé Fabiane Frois , Veloso Gilberto de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

Na década de 90, a Argentina e o Brasil depararam-se com reformas de estabilização econômica, flexibilização comercial e maior integração na corrente de comércio exterior. Sob esse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é verificar se as exportações e as importações dessas duas economias são afetadas por variações na renda externa e interna, no período de 1992 a 2006. Inspirando-se no Modelo de Crescimento de Thirlwall e utilizando técnicas da literatura de raiz unitária e co-integração, testa-se o equilíbrio de longo prazo entre as variáveis exportação, importação, renda interna e renda externa. Estima-se o Mecanismo de Correção de Erros e no caso de presença de autocorrelação serial, corrige-se tal problema com a estimação pelo algoritmo de Gauss Newton. Conclui-se para as economias em estudo que as exportações e importações são afetadas por variações das respectivas rendas interna e interna. Argentina demonstrou elasticidade-renda das importações menor que a elasticidade renda das exportações, ao passo que o Brasil apresentou elasticidade-renda das importações maior que a elasticidade-renda das exportações.