bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic relevance of treatment deviations in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were treated in the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 study
Authors: Argyriadi Eleni A. , Steffen Ingo G. , Chen-Santel Christiane , Lissat Andrej , Attarbaschi Andishe , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Henze Guenter , von Stackelberg Arend
Published: December 2024

Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is among the most common causes of cancer-associated deaths in children. However, little is known about the implications of deviations from ALL treatment protocols on survival rates. The present study elucidates the various characteristics of treatment deviations in children with relapsed ALL included in the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 (i.e., Relapse Berlin-Frankfurt- Münster) trial and determines their prognostic relevance for relapse and death rates. Among 687 patients, 100 were identified with treatment deviations, further classified, and examined by occurrence time, cause and type. Protocol deviation was considered a time-dependent variable and its impact on Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) was examined using the time-dependent model Mantel Byar. Five years after the relapse diagnosis, deviations were significantly related to both inferior DFS (38%) and OS (57%) rates compared to protocol conformed treatment (DFS = 61%; OS = 70%, P < 0.001). Based on multivariate analyses, protocol deviation proved to be an independent adverse prognostic factor of DFS. Moreover, deviations triggered by chemotherapy-induced toxicity were associated with a higher relapse rate compared to deviations due to insufficient response. Therefore, to avoid impairment of results by deviations, future clinical trials, and treatment strategies should focus on less toxic treatments and stricter protocol compliance.
Bioprinting of a multi-composition array to mimic intra-tumor heterogeneity of glioblastoma for drug evaluation
Authors: Lee Gihyun , Kim Soo Jee , Choi Yejin , Park Jongho , Park Je-Kyun
Published: December 2024

Microextrusion printing is widely used to precisely manufacture microdevices, microphysiological systems, and biological constructs that feature micropatterns and microstructures consisting of various materials. This method is particularly useful for creating biological models that recapitulate in vivo-like cellular microenvironments. Although there is a recent demand for high-throughput data from a single in vitro system, it remains challenging to fabricate multiple models with a small volume of bioinks in a stable and precise manner due to the spreading and evaporation issues of the extruded hydrogel. As printing time increases, the extruded bioink spreads and evaporates, leading to technical problems that decrease printing resolution and stability, as well as biological problems that affect 3D culture space and cell viability. In this study, we describe a novel microextrusion bioprinting technique to stably fabricate a multi-composition array consisting of massive and nanoliter-scale hydrogel dots by using multi-bioink printing and aerosol-based crosslinking techniques to prevent spreading and evaporation issues. We confirmed that the crosslinking aerosol effectively prevented spreading and evaporation by analyzing the morphological changes of the extruded hydrogel. By adjusting the extruding ratio of the bioinks, we were able to print a multi-composition array. This stable and massive array printing technique allowed us to improve the replicates of biological models and provide various data from a single culture system. The array printing technique was applied to recapitulate the intra-tumor heterogeneity of glioblastoma and assess temozolomide efficacy on the array model.
Mitochondrial oxidant stress promotes α-synuclein aggregation and spreading in mice with mutated glucocerebrosidase
Authors: La Vitola Pietro , Szegö Eva M. , Pinto-Costa Rita , Rollar Angela , Harbachova Eugenia , Schapira Anthony HV , Ulusoy Ayse , Di Monte Donato A.
Published: December 2024

In this study, heterozygous expression of a common Parkinson-associated GBA1 variant, the L444P mutation, was found to exacerbate α-synuclein aggregation and spreading in a mouse model of Parkinson-like pathology targeting neurons of the medullary vagal system. These neurons were also shown to become more vulnerable to oxidative and nitrative stress after L444P expression. The latter paralleled neuronal formation of reactive oxygen species and led to a pronounced accumulation of nitrated α-synuclein. A causal relationship linked mutation-induced oxidative/nitrative stress to enhanced α-synuclein aggregation and spreading that could indeed be rescued by neuronal overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2. Further evidence supported a key involvement of mitochondria as sources of reactive oxygen species as well as targets of oxidative and nitrative damage within L444P-expressing neurons. These findings support the conclusion that enhanced vulnerability to mitochondrial oxidative stress should be considered an important mechanism predisposing to pathology conversion in carriers of GBA1 mutations.
E→Z contra-Thermodynamic isomerization of alkenes with SEGPHOS
Authors: Riomet Margaux , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas
Published: December 2024

Herein we disclose a photosensitized E→Z contra-thermodynamic isomerization of vinyl sulfones, employing SEGPHOS as a promoter.
Mn-based tunnel-structured Na0.44MnO2 cathode materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries: electrochemical mechanism, synthesis and modifications
Authors: Wang Dong , Teng Liumei , Liu Weizao
Published: December 2024

This review systematically summarizes the electrochemical mechanisms, material synthesis methods, and modification strategies for Mn-based tunnel-structured cathodes while also proposing future research directions.
Repeatable and renewable synthesis of nickel–iron nitrate hydroxide needle-like arrays for water electrolysis
Authors: Gao Lihua , Huang Junjie , Heng Yuan , Pan Zhong-Qin , Ye Changqing , Yang Yuhuan , Huo Xiao-Lei , Zhou Qingwen
Published: December 2024

Using a low temperature sustainable molten salt strategy, we have synthesized a nickel–iron nitrate hydroxide nanoneedles needle-like arrays electrode, which provides a feasible solution for multifunctional electrocatalysis.
Electrocatalytic systems for NOx upgrading
Authors: Jia Shunhan , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing
Published: December 2024

We highlight recent advances and future directions in the electrocatalytic upgrading of NOx into value-added chemicals.
Designing superoxide-responsive near-infrared afterglow materials for enhanced arthritis imaging
Authors: Huang Shuai , Bai Shuaige , Liu Meihui , Huang Xueyan , Hou Jing , Luo Ting , Zhou Yiyang , Huang Shuang , Zeng Wenbin
Published: December 2024

Here, we first developed a near-infrared afterglow material for high SNR arthritis imaging.
Effect of the 1D/2D dimensionality in copper and silver thiolate coordination polymers on their photophysical properties
Authors: Veselska Oleksandra , Abdallah Ahmad , Giraudon Alexis , Andrade Chloé , Hawila Saly , Guillou Nathalie , Jeanneau Erwann , Monge Miguel , Mesbah Adel , Fateeva Alexandra , Pailhès Stéphane , Ledoux Gilles , Perret Florent , Demessence Aude
Published: December 2024

Control of the 1D/2D dimensionality and photoluminescence of copper and silver thiolate coordination polymers through weak interactions: bright emissive 1D vs. no emissive 2D.
CoP electrocatalysts embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon as a host toward fast iodine conversions
Authors: Zhu Lingfeng , Guan Xinwei , Zhang Zhenfang , Fu Yang , Yuan Zhilong , Zhang Congcong , Wang Ye , Fan Hua , Xu Haimei , Li Xiaoning , Li Hui , Jia Baohua , Yu Hai , Sun Yifei , Ma Tianyi
Published: December 2024

A well-dispersed CoP electrocatalyst embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (CoP@NC) is developed for the first time as a novel host, demonstrating excellent performance in zinc–iodine batteries.
Correction: Influence of cobalt on the performance of Pt/CeO2 for CO-PROX at low temperature: reducing the energy of the Pt–O–Ce bond
Authors: Xu Ao , Zhang Jing , Yang Chunhua , Li Jinxiao , Song Rensheng , Zhao Yue , Liu Yulong , Lian Minghui , Pan Liwei
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Influence of cobalt on the performance of Pt/CeO2 for CO-PROX at low temperature: reducing the energy of the Pt–O–Ce bond’ by Ao Xu et al., CrystEngComm, 2024, 26, 6493–6500, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CE00868E.
Strongly adsorbent rough surface induced rapid hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar in the aqueous phase
Authors: Feng Chengqi , Liu Hong , Lei Yan , Jin Chenkai , Yang Jinhang , Huang Yifei , Huang Juncheng , Na Haining , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2024

Solid acid with strongly adsorbent rough surface and medium-strength acidic groups exhibits the same function as cellulase for the efficient hydrolysis of cellulose to obtain non-food biomass carbon source in pure water.
PepMNet: a hybrid deep learning model for predicting peptide properties using hierarchical graph representations
Authors: Garzon Otero Daniel , Akbari Omid , Bilodeau Camille
Published: December 2024

Peptides are a powerful class of molecules that can be applied to a range of problems including biomaterials development and drug design.
Design of a deuterated TSPO tracer and its application in glioma and atherosclerotic imaging
Authors: Huang Yong , Jiang Zeng , Zhang Lu , Yu Ziyue , Li Chengze , Chen Hualong , Liang Ying , Wu Zehui
Published: December 2024

TSPO tracer [18F]BIBD-239-d2 is designed and applied to improve imaging of glioma and atherosclerosis.
Optimizing electromagnetic wave absorption in electrospun carbon-based fibers through dielectric and magnetic component modulation
Authors: Wang Yuchao , Liu Yunlong , Yuan Shenglin , Huang Hui , Wu Zhijun , Xu Lijia , Zhao Yongpeng
Published: December 2024

Electrospinning technology-driven carbon fiber provides a promising approach for fabricating high-performance electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.
Transformation of a benzocorrole isomer into pyrrole-containing polycyclic molecules via copper-mediated cleavage and annulation
Authors: Basumatary Biju , Yada Sawako , Oka Shunsuke , Mori Shigeki , Mori Tatsuya , Abe Tatsuki , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Yasuda Takuma , Furuta Hiroyuki , Ishida Masatoshi
Published: December 2024

Copper-facilitated oxidative ring cleavage, followed by ring fusion of a corrole isomer, produced a pyrrole-embedded polycyclic molecule. This molecule demonstrates near-infrared absorption and possesses p-type semiconducting properties.
Recent advances of ethylene glycol oxidation reaction: catalytic mechanism, catalyst design and applications
Authors: Zhao Juan-Juan , Zhu Hong-Rui , Huang Chen-Jin , Yin Meng-Han , Li Gao-Ren
Published: December 2024

Ethylene glycol has broad application prospects in the upcycling of PET and direct fuel cells. This paper focuses on recent advancements in the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction, including catalytic mechanisms, catalyst design and applications.
Polar atom-pair catalysts for electrochemical C–N coupling
Authors: Li Renyi , Zhang Jiao , Wang Caimu , Guo Wei
Published: December 2024

The polar B–V atom pair catalyst was constructed to realize the polarization and activation of the dinitrogen molecule, thus accelerating the electrochemical coupling of C–N.
Lipid droplet specific BODIPY based rotors with viscosity sensitivity to distinguish normal and cancer cells: impact of molecular conformation
Authors: Kalarikkal Charutha , Anjali  , Bhattacharjee Sarbani , Mapa Koyeli , P Chinna Ayya Swamy
Published: December 2024

Impact of structural modulations on the optical properties of BODIPY-cyanostilbene based rotors for lipid droplet targeting and intracellular viscosity detection to differentiate normal and cancerous cells.
An International Consensus Practical Guide on Left Atrial Appendage Closure for the Non-implanting Physician: Executive Summary
Authors: Potpara Tatjana , Grygier Marek , Haeusler Karl Georg , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Berti Sergio , Genovesi Simonetta , Marijon Eloi , Boveda Serge , Tzikas Apostolos , Boriani Giuseppe , Boersma Lucas V. A. , Tondo Claudio , Potter Tom De , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Schnabel Renate B. , Bauersachs Rupert , Senzolo Marco , Basile Carlo , Bianchi Stefano , Osmancik Pavel , Schmidt Boris , Landmesser Ulf , Doehner Wolfram , Hindricks Gerhard , Kovac Jan , Camm A. John
Published: December 2024

Many patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are in need of stroke prevention are not treated with oral anticoagulation or discontinue treatment shortly after its initiation. Despite the availability of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such undertreatment has improved somewhat but is still evident. This is due to continued risks of bleeding events or ischemic strokes while on DOAC, poor treatment compliance, or aversion to anticoagulant therapy. Because of significant improvements in procedural safety over the years left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), using a catheter-based, device implantation approach, is increasingly favored for the prevention of thromboembolic events in AF patients who cannot have long-term oral anticoagulation. This article is an executive summary of a practical guide recently published by an international expert consensus group, which introduces the LAAC devices and briefly explains the implantation technique. The indications and device follow-up are more comprehensively described. This practical guide, aligned with published guideline/guidance, is aimed at those non-implanting physicians who may need to refer patients for consideration of LAAC.
The Role of Soft Skills in Dental Education: Challenges and Importance
Authors: Kodali Murali Venkata Rama Mohan , Kodali Unati Sai , Gadicherla Srikanth , Smriti Komal , Singh Anupam , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: December 2024

Soft skills encompass interpersonal abilities and values that enable individuals to adapt to diverse circumstances. In dentistry, a combination of soft and hard skills is crucial for successful practice and for achieving health care organization goals. However, dental schools face significant challenges in teaching and evaluating soft skills, including the subjective nature of assessment, variability in student engagement, and the lack of standardized curricula. The development of ethical and critical thinking skills is essential for students to balance competing interests in the profession while maintaining professionalism, such as dedication, accountability, competence, dependability, and respect for others. Health care professionals, including dentists, must cultivate soft skills to effectively guide and treat patients. This study aims to raise awareness of the importance of soft skills in dental education, specifically highlighting challenges in instruction and evaluation. Key conclusions include the need for a more structured approach to teaching soft skills, integrating them into the broader curriculum, and developing more objective assessment tools. By addressing these issues, dental education can better equip future dentists with the necessary skills for efficient patient care.
Association of Chronic Periodontitis with Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tsimpiris Athanasios , Tsolianos Ioannis , Grigoriadis Andreas , Tsimtsiou Zoi , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Grigoriadis Nikolaos
Published: December 2024

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory condition linked to dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by the gradual destruction of the structures supporting the teeth owing to compromised immune system function. Hemorrhagic stroke, which primarily occurs within the brain tissue or in the subarachnoid space as a blood leak of ruptured vessels, is a sudden neurological impairment caused by vascular damage in the central nervous system, resulting in focal neurological deficits. Chronic periodontitis (CP) and hemorrhagic stroke may share common pathogenic features involving inflammation and immune system activation, prompting researchers to investigate their potential connection. The aim of the study is to systematically review the literature on the epidemiological association between CP and hemorrhagic stroke in adults. The study protocol adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and the design followed the Cochrane methodology. A thorough literature search encompassing PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and a manual search and evaluation of gray literature was conducted. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4, with the effect size represented by the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the chi-squared and I
2 statistics. The selected articles, written in English without time constraints, focused on observational studies involving patients and controls and included disease diagnostic criteria. Duplicate entries were eliminated. The reliability of each study's results was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE tools. Two reviewers conducted the assessments, and a third reviewer resolved any disagreements. The meta-analysis comprised four observational studies involving 1,882 individuals. It revealed that individuals diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke were notably more likely to have concurrent CP (OR: 6.32; 95% CI: 1.35–29.49; p = 0.02) or severe CP (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.56–6.06; p = 0.001) compared with healthy controls. A notable occurrence of CP was detected in patients with hemorrhagic stroke compared with controls. Health care professionals need to acknowledge the connection between the two conditions, as it allows them to provide optimal holistic care through a thorough approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Sellar Neurocysticercosis: A Literature Review
Authors: Rodrigues Mateus de Sousa , Coelho Camila Maciel Martins , Sousa Camila Rodrigues de , Oliveira Echeley Islany da Silva , Sales Atalana Sofia da Silva , Cerqueira Filho Renato Bispo de , Leite Antonio Vinicius Ramalho , Moura Samuel Miranda de , Moura José Carlos de
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to carry out a literature review on neurocysticercosis. In this sense, a literature review was performed based on articles published on Bireme and Pubmed in the period 2018–2024. The descriptor was used: “intrasellar cysticercosis.” Five studies met the eligibility criteria. Headache was the main symptom observed. The prevalence of the disease by age profile occurred mainly in young adults. The lack of general knowledge and the lack of resources for prevention, diagnosis, and early treatment may be factors that contribute to the persistence of the disease in the population. Furthermore, the lack of resources, such as neuroimaging exams and neurological care, makes it difficult to diagnose and treat the disease; thus, delaying diagnosis contributes to the spread of the infection.
Therapy Options in the Management of Brain Abscess. Literature Review
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Setton Lauro Roberto de Azevedo
Published: December 2024

Introduction Despite the advancements in modern neurosurgical techniques, new antibiotics, neuroimaging technologies, anesthesia practices, and microbial isolation methods, cerebral abscess remains a potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system. Its treatment remains controversial to this day. The combination of clinical and surgical interventions has been widely accepted, yielding satisfactory outcomes.

Methods The literature review process primarily relied on data obtained from the Pubmed database, Bireme (Lilacs, Medline, Scielo, Medicaribe, Cochrane). Key search terms included: central nervous system infection, cerebral abscess, and treatment. After a thorough selection analysis, 103 articles covering the period from 1980 to 2023 were included in this work.

Results The ideal treatment is surgical; however, clinical treatment has been employed in selected cases. Simple aspiration, stereotactic-guided aspiration, and endoscopy have been performed with efficient results. The outcomes of clinical or surgical treatment depend on factors such as the patient's age, neurological status, microbial isolation, primary cause of the abscess, number of infectious foci, location, and stage of abscess development. Corticosteroids have been recommended for cases of vasogenic cerebral edema, while anticonvulsants are indicated for supratentorial abscesses.

Conclusion The combination of aspiration or excision, tailored to the specific cause, number, location, and developmental stage, and intravenous antibiotics has consistently yielded satisfactory results.
Localization of states and kinetic properties of one-dimensional disordered systems
Authors: Antsygina T. N. , Pastur L. A. , Slyusarev V. A.
Published: December 2024

A number of results on the state, structure, and kinetics of one-dimensional disordered systems that have been obtained in recent years is presented. These results are deduced within the framework of a unified approach. The one-dimensional nature of the problem permits writing a closed system of dynamic equations, which are valid for each realization of the random potential v(x), for any characteristic quantity. If the potential is weak, or if E≪rc−2 (E is the energy, rc is the statistical correlation length of the potential), then it can be considered to be Gaussian white noise, when ⟨v(x) ⟩ = 0⟨v(x)v(x′) ⟩ = Dδ (x − x′). If, in addition, D/k3≪ 1 (condition for the quasiclassical approximation), then just as in the theory of parametric resonance, only the Fourier harmonics of the random potential corresponding to the momenta q,q±E where |q|≪E are significant in the dynamic equations indicated. This circumstance greatly simplifies the equations and permits completing the corresponding calculations. Application of this method to finding the attenuation of the wavefunction, the asymptotic properties of the transmission coefficient for a wave transmitted through a random barrier, the average Green’s function, the density-density correlation functions and the conductivity for high and low frequencies is described in the review.
Theory of the nuclear magnetic resonance line shape in magnetically concentrated crystals at low temperatures
Authors: Aliev M. N. , Rakhman M. M.
Published: December 2024

The nuclear magnetic resonance lineshape is evaluated in diamagnetic crystals with paramagnetic impurities at low temperatures and for nuclear and electron spins I = 1/2, S = 1/2. The resonance linewidth and shift are found for slow and fast fluctuations of the local field produced by the paramagnetic impurities in nuclei of diamagnetic atoms.
Atomic dynamics of small xenon crystals
Authors: Kovalenko S. I. , Krainyukova N. V.
Published: December 2024

The paper reports an electron-diffraction investigation of the effect of the size of xenon islet film blocks on the mean-square atomic displacements. The observations were made in temperature range from 5 to 50 °K with an ÉMR-100 scanning unit at an accelerating voltage of 50 kV. The crystallite size was varied from 40 to 250 Å. The electron-diffraction investigation revealed a significant increase in the mean-square displacements in small particles. The indicated effect depended essentially on the particle size and the sample temperature, increasing as the latter was raised. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results not only allowed the estimation of the increased role of the surface, but also revealed a considerable weakening of the interatomic interaction in small crystals of the inert gas.
The peak effect in superconducting films in parallel magnetic fields
Authors: Ichkitidze L P. , Skobelkin V. I.
Published: December 2024

The dependence, Ic (H), of the critical current on the parallel external magnetic field is investigated in superconducting niobium films. The observed dependence exhibits the peaks predicted by the Shmidt theory. A quantitative comparison of the results obtained with this theory is carried out. It is shown that, as the temperature is raised, the peak in the Ic (H) curve diminishes and disappears. The disappearance of the peak near the critical temperature is due to the increase of the coherence length ξ to a value equal to half the film thickness d.
Contribution of the domain walls to the low-temperature thermodynamics of a one-dimensional ferromagnet
Authors: Bogdan M. M. , Kovalev A. S.
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear domain-wall dynamics is investigated in terms of many-soliton collisions within the framework of the exactly soluble one-dimensional Landau–Lifshitz equation for an orthorhombic ferromagnet. The change in the density of magnon states in the presence of domain walls is found from the data on magnon-drop scattering by a domain wall, and the contribution of domain walls to classical low-temperature phenomenological thermodynamics is computed.
Laser melting, evaporation, and fragmentation of nanoparticles: Experiments, modeling, and applications
Authors: Pustovalov Victor K.
Published: December 2024

This review examines the processes of laser heating, melting, evaporation, fragmentation, and breakdown of metal nanoparticles, as well as the dependences and values of the threshold laser parameters that initiate these processes. Literature results are analyzed from experimental studies of these processes with gold, silver, and other nanoparticles, including laser surface melting and evaporation of nanoparticles and Coulomb fragmentation of nanoparticles by ultrashort laser pulses. A theoretical model and description of the thermal mechanisms of mentioned processes with metal (solid) nanoparticles in a liquid (solid) medium, initiated by the action of laser pulses with the threshold fluences, are presented. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data confirms the accuracy of the model and makes it possible to use them to evaluate the parameters of laser thermal processing of nanoparticles. Applications of the processes include the laser melting, reshaping, and fragmentation of nanoparticles, the formation of nanostructures and nanonetworks, the laser processing of nanoparticles located on substrates, and their cladding on surfaces in various laser nanotechnologies. The use of laser ignition, combustion, and incandescence of nanoparticles is discussed, as is the use of nanoparticle-triggered laser breakdown for spectroscopy. These laser processes are used in photothermal nanotechnologies, nanoenergy, laser processing of nanoparticles, nonlinear optical devices, high-temperature material science, etc. In general, this review presents a modern picture of the state of laser technology and high-temperature processes with nanoparticles and their applications, being focused on the latest publications with an emphasis on recent results from 2021–2024.
Quantitative radiography for determining density fluctuations in HED experiments
Authors: Merritt E. C. , Doss F. W. , Levesque J. M. , Rasmus A. M. , Desjardins T. , Di Stefano C. A. , Flippo K. A. , Schmidt D. W.
Published: December 2024

We have developed a method to extract density fluctuation measurements from x-ray radiographs of high-energy density (HED) instability growth and turbulence experiments. We use this information to calculate density fluctuation statistics for constraining the performance of turbulent mix models in HED systems. The density calculation combines image filtering, removal of systemic effects such as backlighter variation, calculation of transmission across multiple materials, and use of tracer materials to generate an approximate single-material density field. From the density map, we calculate both average density and a variance-like moment b (density-specific-volume covariance), which we compare to our models. We infer both quantities from a single image, which is significantly more information than the historic single scalar mix width measurements. We also develop a method of analyzing simulation outputs that incorporate both the density fluctuation metric from a turbulence model and the bulk material maps from the hydrodynamic code. This analysis helps address the question of how to initialize the simulations for best comparison to data from systems with large separations of scale in the mixing perturbation initial condition. We find that our data analysis method yields 1D average density and b curves with similar morphology and amplitudes as those from preliminary simulation comparisons.
Resistive switching behavior of quasi-2D CsPbBr3 memristors: Impact of ambient atmosphere on logic storage and computing integration with anti-crosstalk and reconfiguration features
Authors: Zhu Mufan , Yao ChuTing , Zhang Xiaofei , He Song , Cheng Baochang , Zhao Jie
Published: December 2024

Passive units integrating storage and computing with anti-crosstalk and multi-logic reconstruction are crucial for high computing power and high-density non-volatile storage. In this study, we report an anti-crosstalk and reconfigurable logic memory based on a single passive quasi-two-dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3 device. The effect of the ambient atmosphere (air and N2 environments) on the resistive behavior of the memristors is explored. In air, these devices exhibit negative differential resistance (NDR) effects and antipolar resistive switching behavior, while in N2, they display irreversible switching from low-resistance state to high-resistance state. Various active electrodes (Ag, Cu, Au, and C) were employed to investigate this phenomenon. It is proposed that in air, O ions interact with surface defects under high alternating voltage, retaining a significant quantity of Br− ions within the quasi-2D CsPbBr3, resulting in capacitive-like behavior. Conversely, in N2, surface defects capture Br− ions, leading to the absence of a hysteresis loop in the I-V characteristic. Under N2 operation, write-once-read-many (WORM) capability is achieved. Surprisingly, operating under air enables integrated non-volatile storage and computing, facilitating 12 reconfigurable logic operations in a passive 1R structure and suppressing sneak current in crosstalk setups. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of air in the resistive switching mechanism and provides novel insights for developing next-generation memories tailored for high-density integrated circuits and storage-computing integration.
Laser-driven betatron x rays for high-throughput imaging of additively manufactured materials
Authors: Senthilkumaran V. , Beier N. F. , Fourmaux S. , Shabaninezhad P. , Stinehart J. , Zhou L. , Moore J. A. , Hussein A. E.
Published: December 2024

Betatron x rays from a laser wakefield accelerator provide a new avenue for high-resolution, high-throughput radiography of solid materials. Here, we demonstrate the optimization of betatron x rays for three-dimensional tomography of defects in additively manufactured (AM) alloys at a repetition rate of 2.5 Hz. Using the Advanced Laser Light Source in Varennes, Qc, we characterized the x-ray energy spectrum, spatial resolution, beam stability, and emission length from three different gas targets {He, N2, and He–N2 [He (99.5%) + N2 (0.5%)] mixture} to determine the conditions for optimized imaging resolution with minimized acquisition time. Mixed He–N2 produced the highest x-ray critical energy (19 ± 5) keV and average brightness (∼3.3×1010 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1% BW) vs pure N2 gas (12 ± 4 keV and ∼1.6×1010 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1% BW). The mixed gas demonstrated the best beam stability and pointing compared to pure He gas. The optimization of betatron sources at 2.5 Hz for high-resolution imaging of micrometer-scale defects in AM alloys will enable high-throughput data collection, accelerating the characterization of complex mechanical deformation processes in these materials.
Experimental demonstration of the “unipolar cell” dynamics in a large laboratory magnetoplasma
Authors: Aidakina N. A. , Korobkov S. V. , Gushchin M. E. , Zudin I. Yu. , Strikovskiy A. V.
Published: December 2024

The nonambipolar or “unipolar” particle transport accompanied by excitation of a system of eddy (short-circuit) currents can ensure the fast dynamics of small-scale magnetoplasma disturbances arising under pulsed localized rf heating, and evolving in electron magnetohydrodynamics regime of parameters. In this regime, redistribution of plasma density is possible, which is an order of magnitude faster than the classical mechanism of the ambipolar transport with the joint movement of electron-ion pairs. During the evolution of thermal plasma irregularity in the unipolar transport regime, magnetized electrons leave the heated plasma area along the magnetic field, while nonmagnetized ions drift predominantly across the field. The electric current arising in this case can be closed through the background plasma surrounding the irregularity. This regime can determine the times of development and decay of narrow field-aligned plasma density irregularities that arise, e.g., in the pulsed ionospheric heating experiments. The refined laboratory experiments with specially selected parameters, which were carried out in a large-scale Krot plasma device with localized (pointlike) short-pulse rf heating of electrons, demonstrated clearly the unipolar-cell dynamics. The “unipolar cell” is understood as a self-consistent, freely relaxing plasma-field structure, which is formed by the initial field-aligned plasma density depletion in a heated flux tube, the peripheral background plasma density enhancements and depletions, and a quadrupole system of electric eddy currents.
Drift kinetic electrostatic simulations of the edge localized mode heat pulse
Authors: Geyko V. I. , Joseph I. , Dorf M. A. , Ghosh D. , Dorr M. R.
Published: December 2024

In the present work, electrostatic drift kinetic simulations of parallel plasma transport within the tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) are conducted using the COGENT code. The SOL configuration is represented in one-dimensional slab geometry, incorporating a heat source localized in the midplane. The heat source parameters correspond to those characterizing edge-localized modes observed in the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak. The numerical model includes kinetic treatment of both ions and electrons, a simplified model for the gyrokinetic Poisson equation that allows one to step over short time scales associated with fast electrostatic shear Alfvèn waves, and the logical sheath boundary condition (LSBC) that enforces global system quasineutrality. A third-order accurate LSBC is derived to be consistent with the third-order accurate upwind advection scheme utilized in the code, and it was shown to noticeably impact the simulation results, especially parallel heat flux at the target plate. The findings of this study are in agreement with results from preceding fluid and kinetic simulations.
Boosting viscosity sensitivity of magnetic particle imaging using selection field gradients
Authors: Topcu A. , Alpman A. , Utkur M. , Saritas E. U.
Published: December 2024

In magnetic particle imaging (MPI), selection field (SF) gradients are utilized to form a field-free point (FFP) in space, such that only the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the vicinity of the FFP respond to the applied drive field (DF) and contribute to the received signal. While the relaxation behavior of MNPs adversely affects image quality by reducing signal intensity and causing blurring, it also provides MPI with functional imaging capabilities, such as viscosity and temperature mapping. This work investigates the effects of SF gradients on the relaxation behavior of the MNPs using an in-house magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS) setup equipped with an additional DC electromagnet SF coil, which switches the MPS setup into an MPI system. The results reveal that the presence of SF gradients boosts the viscosity sensitivity of MPI, and that the MPI signal can be sensitized to viscosity even at high DF frequencies and amplitudes if sufficiently large SF gradients are applied.
Radiation resilience of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes under high dose gamma radiation
Authors: Khan Saleh Ahmed , Saha Sudipto , Singisetti Uttam , Bhuiyan A. F. M. Anhar Uddin
Published: December 2024

A systematic investigation of the electrical characteristics of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) has been conducted under high-dose 60Co gamma radiation, with total cumulative doses reaching up to 5 Mrad (Si). Initial exposure of the diodes to 1 Mrad resulted in a significant decrease in on-current and an increase in on-resistance compared to the pre-radiation condition, likely due to the generation of radiation-induced deep-level acceptor traps. However, upon exposure to higher gamma radiation doses of 3 and 5 Mrad, a partial recovery of the device performance occurred, attributed to a radiation annealing effect. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements showed a decrease in net carrier concentration in the β-Ga2O3 drift layer, from ∼3.20 × 1016 to ∼3.05 × 1016 cm−3, after 5 Mrad irradiation. Temperature-dependent I–V characteristics showed that 5 Mrad irradiation leads to a reduction in both forward and reverse currents across all investigated temperatures ranging from 25 to 250 °C, accompanied by slight increases in on-resistance, ideality factors, and Schottky barrier heights. Additionally, a slight increase in reverse breakdown voltage was observed post-radiation. Overall, β-Ga2O3 SBDs exhibit high resilience to gamma irradiation, with performance degradation mitigated by radiation-induced self-recovery, highlighting its potential for radiation-hardened electronic applications in extreme environment.
Thermal inverse design for resistive micro-heaters
Authors: Dao Khoi Phuong , Hu Juejun
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes an inverse design scheme for resistive heaters. By adjusting the spatial distribution of a binary electrical resistivity map, the scheme enables objective-driven optimization of heaters to achieve pre-defined steady-state temperature profiles. The approach can be fully automated and is computationally efficient since it does not entail extensive iterative simulations of the entire heater structure. The design scheme offers a powerful solution for resistive heater device engineering in applications spanning electronics, photonics, and microelectromechanical systems.
Characterization of cardiorespiratory coupling via a variability-based multi-method approach: Application to postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Cairo Beatrice , Bari Vlasta , Gelpi Francesca , De Maria Beatrice , Barbic Franca , Furlan Raffaello , Porta Alberto
Published: December 2024

There are several mechanisms responsible for the dynamical link between heart period (HP) and respiration (R), usually referred to as cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC). Historically, diverse signal processing techniques have been employed to study CRC from the spontaneous fluctuations of HP and respiration (R). The proposed tools differ in terms of rationale and implementation, capturing diverse aspects of CRC. In this review, we classify the existing methods and stress differences with the aim of proposing a variability-based multi-method approach to CRC evaluation. Ten methodologies for CRC estimation, namely, power spectral decomposition, traditional and causal squared coherence,\;information transfer, cross-conditional entropy, mixed prediction, Shannon entropy of the latency between heartbeat and inspiratory/expiratory onset, conditional entropy of the phase dynamics, synchrogram-based analysis, pulse-respiration quotient, and joint symbolic dynamics, are considered. The ability of these techniques was exemplified over recordings acquired from patients suffering from postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and healthy controls. Analyses were performed at rest in the supine position (REST) and during head-up tilt (HUT). Although most of the methods indicated that at REST, the CRC was lower in POTS patients and decreased more evidently during HUT in POTS, peculiar differences stressed the complementary value of the approaches. The multiple perspectives provided by the variability-based multi-method approach to CRC evaluation help the characterization of a pathological state and/or the quantification of the effect of a postural challenge. The present work stresses the need for the application of multiple methods to derive a more complete evaluation of the CRC in humans.
The eddies are attached, but it is all right
Authors: Jiménez Javier
Published: December 2024

The behavior of velocity fluctuations near a wall has long fascinated the turbulence community, because the prevalent theoretical framework of an attached-eddy hierarchy appears to predict infinite intensities as the Reynolds number tends to infinity. Although an unbounded infinite limit is not a problem in itself, it raises the possibility of unfamiliar phenomena when the Reynolds number is large and has motivated attempts to avoid it. We review the subject and point to possible pitfalls stemming from uncritical extrapolation from low Reynolds numbers or from an over-simplification of the multiscale nature of turbulence. It is shown that large attached eddies dominate the high-Reynolds-number regime of the near-wall layer, and they behave differently from smaller-scale ones. In that limit, the near-wall layer is controlled by the outer flow, the large-scale fluctuations reduce to a local modulation of the near-wall flow by a variable friction velocity, and the kinetic-energy peak is substituted by a deeper structure with a secondary outer maximum. The friction velocity is then not necessarily the best velocity scale. While the near-wall energy peak probably becomes unbounded in wall units, it almost surely tends to zero when expressed in terms of the outer driving velocity.
Multiscale derivation of deterministic and stochastic cross-diffusion models in a fluid: A review
Authors: Bendahmane M. , Karami F. , Zagour M.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a survey and critical analysis of the mathematical literature on modeling of dynamic populations living in a fluid medium. The present review paper is divided into two main parts: The first part deals with the multiscale derivation of deterministic and stochastic cross-diffusion systems governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The derivation is obtained from the underlying description at the microscopic scale in kinetic theory models according to the micro–macro decomposition method. In the second part of this review, we are delighted to present a new variety of mathematical models describing different applications, namely, the pursuit–evasion dynamics, cancer invasion, and virus dynamics. Finally, critical analysis and future research perspectives are discussed.
Data-driven classification of flow modes in unsteady galloping and its applications in flow mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Liyang , Yu Chuanjin , Chen Xinyu , Chen Qian , Li Yongle
Published: December 2024

Galloping is a divergent behavior of bluff bodies under aerodynamic forces and should be strictly suppressed in civil engineering. Considering that most studies focus on unsteady vibration response and lift, neglecting the overall flow field structure and its fundamental modes, this study explores the applicability of dynamic mode decomposition in modes classification according to sources of excitation, explaining the flow mechanisms associated with galloping. First, the results of an ideal section demonstrate the presence of two distinct modes in the uniform flow involving fluid-solid coupling issues, instability-induced mode (IIM) and movement-induced mode, respectively. Second, galloping stability is primarily determined by the phase of the first movement-induced mode, which is also verified in the complex engineering sections. Third, the energy contribution of these modes is dependent on vibration amplitude. In the complex engineering section, galloping exhibits amplitude dependence near the critical state, whereas this behavior is absent in the ideal rectangular section. This difference is closely related to the complexity of the frequency components in the IIM. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of unsteady galloping dynamics, offering insights for both theoretical research and practical engineering applications.
A scrutiny of streamline calculation in analytical solutions of Oseen flow past cylinders and spheres
Authors: Moosaie Amin
Published: December 2024

The problems associated with the calculation of streamlines in the analytical solutions of Oseen's equation for the creeping flow past cylinders and spheres are addressed in this paper. First, the analytical solutions to Oseen flow past cylinders and spheres are presented. Then, the solutions and their computer implementation are validated against existing data. To examine the correctness of the streamlines obtained as contours of the stream function, the true streamlines are calculated by directly integrating the velocity components. The comparison shows that the stream function proposed by past researchers is correct for the cylinder flow whereas it is incorrect for the sphere flow. Thus, the streamline patterns of the sphere flow as predicted by the stream function, both approximate and full formulations, are erroneous. In particular, it overpredicts the separation angle and the size of the recirculation zone. The correctness of the stream function for flow around a cylinder is mathematically proved. Additionally, it is rigorously shown why the stream function for flow around a sphere is incorrect. Specifically, the analysis shows that while the circumferential velocity component derived from the stream function is accurate for the cylinder, it is incorrect for the sphere.
Molecular dynamics study of nanodroplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces with varying inclination angles
Authors: Liao Mingjun , Ren Xinquan , Wang Baihan , Hong Wenpeng , Xie Fangfang
Published: December 2024

The dynamic behavior of nanodroplets impacting solid surfaces has significant applications in fields such as anti-icing, self-cleaning, and nanotechnology. However, research on nanodroplet impacts on inclined superhydrophobic surfaces remains limited. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to systematically investigate the impact of nanodroplets on superhydrophobic surfaces with varying inclination angles. The study reveals the underlying mechanisms of droplet rebound modes, contact time, and sliding distance. The results demonstrate that droplet rebound behavior can be categorized into three modes: regular rebound, cavity rebound, and splashing rebound. The occurrence of these modes is governed by both the Weber number and the surface inclination angle. An analysis of contact time shows a three-phase variation: contact time decreases rapidly at low speeds, remains relatively stable at moderate speeds, and decreases significantly at high speeds. Notably, in the moderate-speed range, the formation of cavity rebound increases contact time, a phenomenon not commonly observed in previous studies on flat surfaces. Additionally, this study derives a theoretical formula for droplet sliding distance based on the Lennard-Jones potential and verifies it through simulations, demonstrating the competition between inertial forces and intermolecular interactions during sliding. The research not only presents a phase diagram of nanodroplet impact outcomes but also contributes novel theoretical insights into contact time and sliding behavior, providing a solid theoretical foundation for optimizing nanodroplet behavior in industrial applications.