bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV SPECTROSCOPY OF STAR-GRAZING COMETS WITHIN THE 49 CETI DEBRIS DISK
Authors: Miles Brittany E. , Roberge Aki , Welsh Barry
Published: June 2016

We present the analysis of time-variable Doppler-shifted absorption features in far-UV spectra of the unusual 49 Ceti debris disk. This nearly edge-on disk is one of the brightest known and is one of the very few containing detectable amounts of circumstellar (CS) gas as well as dust. In our two visits of Hubble Space Telescope STIS spectra, variable absorption features are seen on the wings of lines arising from Cii and Civ but not for any of the other CS absorption lines. Similar variable features have long been seen in spectra of the well-studied

Pictoris debris disk and attributed to the transits of star-grazing comets. We calculated the velocity ranges and apparent column densities of the 49 Cet variable gas, which appears to have been moving at velocities of tens to hundreds of km s−1 relative to the central star. The velocities in the redshifted variable event seen in the second visit show that the maximum distances of the infalling gas at the time of transit were about 0.05–0.2 au from the central star. A preliminary attempt at a composition analysis of the redshifted event suggests that the C/O ratio in the infalling gas is super-solar, as it is in the bulk of the stable disk gas.
CHEMICAL SIMULATIONS OF PREBIOTIC MOLECULES: INTERSTELLAR ETHANIMINE ISOMERS
Authors: Quan Donghui , Herbst Eric , Corby Joanna F. , Durr Allison , Hassel George
Published: June 2016

The E- and Z-isomers of ethanimine (CH3CHNH) were recently detected toward the star-forming region Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N) using the Green Bank Telescope PRIMOS cm-wave spectral data, and imaged by the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Ethanimine is not reported in the hot cores of Sgr B2, but only in gas that absorbs at +64 and +82 km s−1 in the foreground of continuum emission generated by H ii regions. The ethanimine isomers can serve as precursors of the amino acid alanine and may play important roles in forming biological molecules in the interstellar medium. Here we present a study of the chemistry of ethanimine using a gas-grain simulation based on rate equations, with both isothermal and warm-up conditions. In addition, the density, kinetic temperature, and cosmic ray ionization rate have been varied. For a variety of physical conditions in the warm-up models for Sgr B2(N) and environs, the simulations show reasonable agreement with observationally obtained abundances. Isothermal models of translucent clouds along the same line of sight yield much lower abundances, so that ethanimine would be much more difficult to detect in these sources despite the fact that other complex molecules have been detected there.
FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION OF POLARIZED LIGHT IN THE Λ-TYPE MULTI-TERM POLARIZED ATOM
Authors: Casini R. , Sainz R. Manso
Published: June 2016

We study the effects of Rayleigh and Raman scattering on the formation of polarized spectral lines in a Λ-type multi-term atom. We fully take into account the partial redistribution of frequency and the presence of atomic polarization in the lower states of the atomic model. Problems that can be modeled with this formalism include, for example, the formation of the Ca ii H–K and IR triplet, the analogous system of Ba ii, and the Lyβ–Hα system of hydrogenic ions.
PHOTOLYTIC HAZES IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF 51 ERI B
Authors: Zahnle K. , Marley M. S. , Morley C. V. , Moses J. I.
Published: June 2016

We use a 1D model to address photochemistry and possible haze formation in the irradiated warm Jupiter, 51 Eridani b. The intended focus was to be carbon, but sulfur photochemistry turns out to be important. The case for organic photochemical hazes is intriguing but falls short of being compelling. If organic hazes form, they are likeliest to do so if vertical mixing in 51 Eri b is weaker than in Jupiter, and they would be found below the altitudes where methane and water are photolyzed. The more novel result is that photochemistry turns H2S into elemental sulfur, here treated as S8. In the cooler models, S8 is predicted to condense in optically thick clouds of solid sulfur particles, while in the warmer models S8 remains a vapor along with several other sulfur allotropes that are both visually striking and potentially observable. For 51 Eri b, the division between models with and without condensed sulfur is at an effective temperature of 700 K, which is within error its actual effective temperature; the local temperature where sulfur condenses is between 280 and 320 K. The sulfur photochemistry we have discussed is quite general and ought to be found in a wide variety of worlds over a broad temperature range, both colder and hotter than the 650–750 K range studied here, and we show that products of sulfur photochemistry will be nearly as abundant on planets where the UV irradiation is orders of magnitude weaker than it is on 51 Eri b.
THE IMPACT OF A SUPERNOVA REMNANT ON FAST RADIO BURSTS
Authors: Piro Anthony L.
Published: June 2016

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond bursts of radio radiation whose progenitors, so far, remain mysterious. Nevertheless, the timescales and energetics of these events have lead to many theories associating FRBs with young neutron stars (NSs). Motivated by this, I explore the interaction of FRBs with young supernova remnants (SNRs), and I discuss the potential observational consequences and constraints of such a scenario. As the supernova (SN) ejecta plows into the interstellar medium (ISM), a reverse shock is generated that passes back through the material and ionizes it. This leads to a dispersion measure (DM) associated with the SNR as well as a time derivative for DM. The times when DM is high are generally overshadowed by free–free absorption, which, depending on the mass of the ejecta and the density of the ISM, may be probed at frequencies of

400

MHz

–

1.4

GHz

on timescales of ∼100–500 years after the SN. Magnetic fields generated at the reverse shock may be high enough to explain Faraday rotation that has been measured for one FRB. If FRBs are powered by the spin energy of a young NS (rather than by magnetic energy), the NS must have a magnetic field

≲

10

11

–

10

12

G

to ensure that it does not spin down too quickly while the SNR is still optically thick at radio frequencies. In the future, once there are distance measurements to FRBs and their energetics are better understood, the spin of the NS can also be constrained.
INWARD MOTIONS IN THE OUTER SOLAR CORONA BETWEEN 7 AND 12 R⊙: EVIDENCE FOR WAVES OR MAGNETIC RECONNECTION JETS?
Authors: Tenerani Anna , Velli Marco , DeForest Craig
Published: June 2016

DeForest et al. used synoptic visible-light image sequences from the COR2 coronagraph on board the STEREO-A spacecraft to identify inbound wave motions in the outer corona beyond 7 solar radii and inferred, from the observation, that the Alfvén surface separating the magnetically dominated corona from the flow dominated wind must be located beyond at least 12 solar radii from the Sun over polar coronal holes and beyond 15 solar radii in the streamer belt. Here, we attempt identification of the observed inward signal by theoretically reconstructing height-speed diagrams and comparing them to the observed profiles. Interpretation in terms of Alfvén waves or Alfvénic turbulence appears to be ruled out by the fact that the observed signal shows a deceleration of inward motion when approaching the Sun. Fast magnetoacoustic waves are not directly ruled out in this way, as it is possible for inward waves observed in quadrature, but not propagating exactly radially, to suffer total reflection as the Alfvén speed rises close to the Sun. However, the reconstructed signal in the height-speed diagram has the wrong concavity. A final possibility is decelerating reconnection jets, most probably from component reconnection, in the accelerating wind: the profile in this case appears to match the observations very well. This interpretation does not alter the conclusion that the Alfvén surface must be at least 12 solar radii from the photosphere. Further observations should help constrain this process, never identified previously in this way, in the distance range from 7 to 12 solar radii.
A Case of a Probable drug Interaction between Lurasidone and Atazanavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Naccarato Mark , Hall Elise , Wai Alan , Ostrowski Mario , Carvalhal Adriana
Published: June 2016

The cytochrome P450 isoform that is primarily involved in the metabolism of the antipsychotic lurasidone is CYP3A4. Drugs that inhibit or induce this enzyme would then be expected to increase or decrease serum concentrations of lurasidone, respectively. Atazanavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, has demonstrated to be an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and would be expected to increase the exposure of any drug metabolized by this enzyme. We report a case of an atazanavir-precipitated drug–drug interaction that led to elevated serum concentrations of lurasidone and associated clinical symptoms of drug toxicity.
Évaluer l’impact institutionnel dans les systèmes à niveaux multiples : Conceptualisation des effets de la décentralisation dans une approche comparative
Authors: Kuhlmann Sabine , Wayenberg Ellen
Published: June 2016

La littérature comparée sur les réformes institutionnelles dans les systèmes à niveaux multiples s’appuie sur une tendance pour ainsi dire mondiale en faveur de la décentralisation des fonctions de l’État. On ne sait cependant que peu de choses au sujet de l’impact qu’a (eu) la décentralisation, notamment sur les gouvernements sous-centraux concernés. Quelles sont ses incidences sur les gouvernements régionaux et locaux ? Ces réformes ont-elles également des effets inattendus sur l’échelon sous-central et comment expliquer cela ? Le présent article vise à développer un cadre conceptuel afin d’évaluer les conséquences de la décentralisation sur l’échelon sous-central. Ce cadre a pour but de donner un aperçu des principaux modes et modèles de décentralisation et des hypothèses théoriques en ce qui concerne les effets de la décentralisation et de la recentralisation, ainsi que des approches internationales pertinentes destinées à évaluer et à comparer les réformes institutionnelles. Il propose par ailleurs un ensemble de recommandations analytiques et constitue un fondement structurel pour les différents articles par pays contenus dans ce numéro spécial. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Il est reconnu que les réformes en faveur de la décentralisation ont un rôle essentiel à jouer dans la réalisation de la « bonne gouvernance ». Pourtant, il y a aussi la tentation, dans le chef des gouvernements des États, de décharger de plus en plus de responsabilités en vue de surcharger les échelons locaux de l’État, ce qui peut se traduire par des écarts de performance de plus en plus grands entre les administrations locales infraétatiques. Dans ce contexte, notre article propose un cadre conceptuel permettant d’évaluer les conséquences des réformes dans une approche comparative. Ce cadre analytique pourra servir aux praticiens, afin de conforter leurs décisions à propos des nouvelles stratégies de décentralisation ou des adaptations nécessaires en ce qui concerne les mesures de réforme en cours.
La décentralisation du système de protection sociale français : entre « Big Bang » et « débrouillardise »
Authors: Reiter Renate , Kuhlmann Sabine
Published: June 2016

Le présent article analyse la décentralisation du système de protection sociale français en s’intéressant au transfert du revenu minimum d’insertion (RMI) vers les départements en 2003 et 2004. Nous tenterons d’analyser et d’expliquer les effets de la réforme sur le système et l’efficacité de la prestation infranationale des services d’aide sociale. Afin d’évaluer l’impact de la décentralisation sur l’action des départements liée au RMI, nous avons effectué une analyse documentaire qualitative et utilisé des données issues de deux études de cas. La décentralisation du RMI illustre la mise en œuvre progressive de la décentralisation française. On observe de nombreux effets non désirés en termes de performance et de résultat de la prestation d’aide sociale infranationale. Ces effets s’expliquent par des réformes institutionnelles conjuguées à des réformes stratégiques, ainsi que par des attentes politiques élevées qui ont été mal transposées dans un programme d’action inapproprié, deux phénomènes qui se sont traduits par une surcharge des acteurs locaux. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens La décentralisation des tâches publiques est associée à des attentes élevées en ce qui concerne les effets sur la performance des services publics et de la gouvernance publique aux échelons infranationaux. Pour bien mesurer les choses, il y a lieu de prendre en considération l’éventail des conséquences sur la performance administrative et les systèmes politiques. Nous proposons un système en cinq dimensions permettant de déterminer les effets de la décentralisation sur, d’une part, la contribution des ressources aux services publics infranationaux et, d’autre part, les résultats opérationnels de ceux-ci, sur la coordination horizontale entre les agents infranationaux et les acteurs non publics concernés, sur la coordination intergouvernementale verticale et sur l’imputabilité démocratique des autorités infranationales.
Dans la richesse et dans la pauvreté ? Le nouveau rôle des municipalités espagnoles dans la mise en œuvre des services à la petite enfance
Authors: Navarro Carmen , Velasco Francisco
Published: June 2016

Durant la dizaine d’années d’expansion économique qui a touché à sa fin en 2008, les municipalités espagnoles se sont efforcées d’étendre leurs fonctions au moyen de politiques vigoureuses dans toute une série de domaines. Compte tenu de la crise, les municipalités avaient du mal à offrir ces services et en 2013, le gouvernement central a approuvé une politique de recentralisation, fondée sur l’idée que les gouvernements locaux avaient provoqué des structures des dépenses insoutenables. Notre article s’appuie sur une perspective théorique néo-institutionnaliste pour analyser les phénomènes d’expansion de la participation municipale aux politiques de services à la petite enfance et l’influence de ces processus sur le fonctionnement des gouvernements locaux. Nous verrons que la réattribution des tâches a notamment eu pour effet positif (inattendu) de légitimer les gouvernements locaux grâce à leur intervention dans des domaines qui n’étaient pas prévus initialement dans les modalités de décentralisation formelles, et que les citoyens les apprécient en tant que prestataires de services de protection sociale. Ils ne sont cependant pas venus à bout de l’absence structurelle d’autonomie dont ils jouissent légalement et ils ne parviennent pour l’instant à répondre aux attentes des citoyens que lorsque les conditions économiques sont favorables. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’étude indique que le seul moyen de comprendre la dynamique de la décentralisation consiste à s’intéresser non seulement à l’application des règles formelles, mais aussi à d’autres aspects du fonctionnement des communautés, comme les circonstances financières favorables, les demandes des citoyens à un moment donné et le comportement stratégique des acteurs politiques. Par ailleurs, la décentralisation a non seulement pour effet d’engendrer une réattribution des tâches, mais aussi de modifier la légitimité des gouvernements locaux, qui peut être renforcée lorsque les résultats sont positifs.
La politique d’aménagement du territoire en Angleterre : nouveau management public, gouvernance en réseau ou post-démocratie ?
Authors: Laffin Martin
Published: June 2016

Trois cadres (le nouveau management public, la gouvernance en réseau et la post-démocratie) sont appliqués pour identifier et expliquer la direction de l’évolution institutionnelle dans le domaine de l’aménagement du territoire en Angleterre. Nous nous appuyons sur ces cadres pour déterminer la mesure dans laquelle l’aménagement du territoire a été centralisé ou décentralisé ces vingt dernières années. Nous comparons le dernier gouvernement travailliste (1997-2010) au gouvernement de coalition dirigé par les conservateurs (2010-15). Les travaillistes ont introduit des politiques d’aménagement et un appareil administratif régional sous-jacent, que les conservateurs ont remplacés par un système d’aménagement « localiste » et des partenariats locaux avec les entreprises ( Local Enterprise Partnerships ) sous-régionaux. Nous verrons en conclusion que tant les travaillistes que la coalition conservatrice se sont lancés dans des politiques qui préconisaient une plus grande centralisation, mais que la centralisation a pris différentes formes, même si les deux partis ont refusé aux institutions infranationales les ressources politiques ou autres nécessaires pour s’opposer au gouvernement central de Westminster. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les principales perspectives analytiques en matière d’administration publique sont le nouveau management public et la gouvernance en réseau. Dans le présent article, nous proposons une troisième perspective (la post-démocratie) (Crouch 2004), qui n’est pas encore appliquée dans l’administration publique. Nous nous appuyons ici sur la post-démocratie pour considérer les ministres au gouvernement comme des « managers politiques-bureaucratiques », dont le but est de maintenir la compétitivité économique nationale et de mobiliser l’appui des électeurs par des moyens innovants compte tenu du déclin du parti politique traditionnel de masse. Par conséquent, les ministres s’en remettent de plus en plus aux intérêts privés et adoptent une politique populiste, qui s’oppose bien souvent aux intérêts bureaucratiques et professionnels établis au sein du gouvernement. Le présent article porte sur les implications de cette évolution politique dans le cas de l’aménagement du territoire en Angleterre.
Exploration des processus de recherche d’informations par les entreprises : Analyse des choix de la source et du canal dans les interactions entre entreprises et services publics
Authors: van den Boer Yvon , Pieterson Willem , Arendsen Rex , van Dijk Jan
Published: June 2016

Avec l’avènement des canaux de communication électroniques, il est devenu plus facile aux entreprises de consulter divers types de sources d’informations dans leurs processus de recherche d’informations. Les gouvernements sont poussés à repenser leur rôle de sources d’information fiables et les rôles de leurs canaux de service (électroniques) pour fournir un soutien efficace au service. Le présent article se penche sur la manière dont les gouvernements pourraient s’adapter à la disponibilité de sources et de canaux multiples et approfondit les similitudes, différences et interdépendances entre les processus de sélection des sources et des canaux. Des entretiens individuels et collectifs ont été organisés avec des entreprises dans l’ensemble des Pays-Bas. Les résultats indiquent que certains facteurs influencent les choix des sources et des canaux (p. ex. caractéristiques de la tâche ), d’autres influencent uniquement le choix du canal (p. ex. facteurs conjoncturels, caractéristiques du canal ). Les caractéristiques de la source et de la relation permettent de découvrir des interdépendances entre les deux éléments, sachant que ces concepts liés à la source influencent le choix des canaux. Un examen plus approfondi est requis pour améliorer notre compréhension et parvenir à une théorie intégrée des choix des sources et des canaux dans les processus de recherche d’information. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les canaux utilisés par le gouvernement détiennent le contrôle (p. ex. qualité de l’information), mais d’autres sources et leurs canaux échappent à leur contrôle. Des partenariats stratégiques avec des sources cruciales peuvent permettre de gérer ces sources. La première conséquence est que les gouvernements fournissent des contenus à d’autres sources, qui peuvent les utiliser pour conseiller leurs clients. La seconde concerne l’utilisation de références croisées entre les sources et leurs canaux. Par exemple, le site Internet du gouvernement recommande de contacter un conseiller pour des informations spécifiques, étant donné que cette combinaison source-canal ne fournit que des informations générales.
An organic geochemical investigation of the Carboniferous Mabou Group intersected by groundwater wells in McCully Gas Field, southern New Brunswick - its hydrocarbon source potential and character
Authors: Jiang C , Lavoie D , Rivard C
Published: June 2016

Water wells were drilled in November 2015 over the McCully gas field in southern New Brunswick as part of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) Environmental Geoscience program. Drill cuttings were collected and immediately put in Isojars at the well sites.
Cuttings samples from PO-01 to PO-06 wells have been submitted to the Organic Geochemistry and Petrology Laboratories at the GSC-Calgary for Rock-Eval and hydrocarbon compositional analyses to evaluate their hydrocarbon potential, hydrocarbon property and source rock characteristics. Cuttings from
one well (PO-06) have generated results indicative of presence of organic matter and hydrocarbons in the rock although no dissolved hydrocarbons were detected in groundwater at the well site. New Rock-Eval analyses were carried out on the cuttings as well as organic extracts and detailed
geochemistry to further address the issue of either in situ hydrocarbon production or external hydrocarbon charge into the sediments.
Maestro for a moment: A conceptual framework for music integration in Grade R
Authors: Van Vreden Mignon
Published: June 2016

In South Africa, possibilities to utilise music to contribute to the holistic development of preschool learners are under continuous investigation. However, music education in the Grade R classroom is limited due to insufficient time in the daily programme and a lack of sufficient musical training amongst generalist educators. The urgent need to equip these educators with the necessary competencies is critical. Therefore, in this article the practicability of integrating music into the daily programme in Grade R is explored by means of a conceptual framework. This conceptual framework was generated from the literature review and data analysis, describing six aspects of integrating music into Grade R teaching and learning: about music, from music, on music, with music, in music and through music. Within this framework, every aspect of integration is connected with music activities in accordance with the Grade R learning principles of play, exploration and practical experiences. In this article, the author argues that music can be successfully integrated into the Grade R daily programme by music specialists as well as generalist teachers with no or minimal musical training.
Abdominal and neuroimaging quiz case
Authors: Misser Shalendra
Published: June 2016

No abstract available
On the historical semantics of the notion of software architecture
Authors: Gruner Stefan
Published: June 2016

This study outlines in some detail the semantic variety of the notion of ‘software architecture’ in the field of software engineering since the early 1970s. This paper shows that there are two schools of thought in software architecture, namely a material-substantialist and a formal-structuralist one. In the former school of thought, software architecture is basically regarded as a thing (device) on its own, whereas in the latter one, software architecture is basically considered a property, not a thing (device). From an ontological point of view, these two opinions are mutually exclusive. In their mutual exclusivity, however, they coincide with non-formalist versus formalist philosophies and interpretations of informatics or computer science in general, wherein software engineering –and, by implication, software architecture– is embedded. In this way, the field of software architecture mirrors an ongoing science-philosophical dispute about the characteristics and foundations of computer science or informatics as a scholarly and practical discipline. In summary it seems fair to say that the metaphor of ‘architecture’, with its distinct fine arts connotations, has been particularly attractive to software engineers because this metaphor has helped software engineers to circumvent the notorious scientific immaturity and shortage of classical engineering methods in the field of software engineering.
‘Listening with our eyes’: Collaboration and HIV and AIDS curriculum integration in South African higher education
Authors: Tanga Pius , De Lange Naydene , Van Laren Linda
Published: June 2016

Integrating HIV and AIDS into the academic curriculum is not engaged with vigorously enough in South African higher education institutions, for several reasons, ranging from lack of interest to complaints of belabouring the issue of HIV and AIDS, especially from the biomedical perspective. Through such integration the academic curriculum could be a key space and engine for persuading change and abating the effects of HIV and AIDS in higher education as well as in the communities served by the universities. We reflect on our three-year research project engagement and explore how collaboration facilitated integration of HIV and AIDS issues in our academic curriculum. Working from a critical paradigm and using a collaborative self-study approach, we utilised drawings and responses from questions which we compiled for ourselves. Textual and visual data generated were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that collaboration counteracts isolation; enables capacity development in integration for the collaborating researchers; and permits engaging with participatory visual methodologies to encourage integration. We conclude that collaboration is key in facilitating integration of HIV and AIDS in the higher education curriculum, and that collaboration using participatory visual methodologies enhances entry-points in engaging with HIV and AIDS in South Africa and beyond. This work has implications for integrating HIV and AIDS issues into the higher education curriculum.
The knowledge and perceptions of history students of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Authors: Oelofse M , Oosthuysen A
Published: June 2016

Using the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC) and the concept of reconciliation as a case study, the article attempts to assess the knowledge and understanding of the registered undergraduate history students at the University of the Free State’s main campus about the TRC and the concept and process of reconciliation in the country at large. The research will firstly assess whether the younger generation of students, specifically students taking history as a subject, have any knowledge of such a significant and contemporary event in South African historiography as the TRC process. Secondly, in relation to the aims and recommendations of the TRC and against the background of reconciliation efforts in the country, to perceive the views and thoughts of undergraduate history students on the progress in reconciliation endeavours in South Africa. As a result, a sample of 128 undergraduate history students was randomly selected to complete a quantitative questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of both closed and open-ended questions. Group interviews, as a qualitative research method, were added and used to conduct interviews with 16 undergraduate history students selected randomly and answers were recorded. Accordingly, an explanatory mixed- method research method approach was employed by implementing both the qualitative and quantitative method.
A survey of the knowledge, use, and adoption of emerging technologies by academics in an Open Distance Learning environment
Authors: Chimbo B , Tekere M
Published: June 2016

The realisation of the advantages offered by e-learning accompanied by the use of various emerging information technologies has resulted in a noticeable shift by academia towards e-learning. An analysis of the use, knowledge and adoption of emerging technologies by academics in an Open Distance Learning (ODL) environment at the University of South Africa (UNISA) was undertaken in this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use, knowledge and adoption of emerging e-learning technologies by the academics from the selected schools. The academics in the Schools of Arts, Computing and Science were purposively selected in order to draw on views of academics from different teaching and educational backgrounds. Questionnaires were distributed both electronically and manually. The results showed that academics in all the Schools were competent at the use of information technology tools and applications such as emailing, word-processing, Internet, myUnisa (UNISA’s online teaching platform), and Microsoft PowerPoint and Excel. An evaluation of the awareness of different emerging technological tools showed that most academics were aware of Open Access Technologies, Social Networking Sites, Blogs, Video Games and Microblogging Platforms. While the level of awareness was high for these technologies, the use by the academics was low. At least 62.3% of the academics indicated willingness to migrate to online teaching completely and also indicated the need for further training on new technologies. A comparison of the different schools showed no statistically significant difference in the use, knowledge and willingness to adopt technology amongst the academics.
‘Through music and into music’, through music and into well-being: Dalcroze eurhythmics as music therapy
Authors: Habron John
Published: June 2016

There is a longstanding relationship between music therapy and Dalcroze Eurhythmics, an approach to music education that had its beginnings in the reform pedagogy movement of the European fin de siècle. Émile Jaques-Dalcroze (1865-1950), the founder of the approach, initially focused on educational aims, but was soon to include therapeutic ones as well. During the early twentieth century, Dalcroze teachers applied the approach to their work with disabled children. Such applications have continued to develop to the present day and have expanded to include palliative treatment in HIV/AIDS and gerontology.There are many theoretical and technical similarities between Dalcroze Eurhythmics and improvisational music therapy, including communication through musical improvisation and attunement in playing for movement. However, many of these similarities remain to be discussed in relation to the literatures on music therapy and communicative musicality. To address this gap, this article takes a transdisciplinary approach, making conceptual connections between the theory and practice of both Dalcroze Eurhythmics and music therapy. Implications for future training, practice and research in Dalcroze Eurhythmics are discussed.
From trauma to well-being: how music and trauma can transform us
Authors: Swart Inette
Published: June 2016

Traumatic events can have a profound influence on the way musicians experience “musicing” as well as on their actual performance. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of two case histories is presented here – one being that of a professional singer whose family members were brutally murdered, and the other of a conductor whose mentor committed suicide and who was paralysed for three months after a serious motor vehicle accident. Before turning the focus to the two musicians, issues pertaining to the subject of trauma are highlighted and the author “brackets out” her own experiences with particular reference to work as repétiteur for the opera Winnie and postgraduate piano studies in Warsaw. For the two case study participants, healing comprised a journey consisting of various phases in which music played an integral role. Traumatic influence was seen to have a discernible impact on expression of emotion in music, memory for music, career choices and interpersonal relationships. It was through music that they re- established their connection to self and others, and, after a period of struggling with emotional expression, experienced a deepening of affect. For the conductor, drumming played an essential role in recovering lost motor function and memory. Counselling formed the other pillar in their recovery process, and for the conductor this also entailed a journey leading to spiritual growth. The participants offered advice to others. Both these case histories provide striking examples of how musicing can first suffer in the wake of experiencing overwhelming traumatic events, yet later prove to be instrumental in restoring well-being and bringing about transformation.
Understanding music’s therapeutic efficacy: Implications for music education
Authors: Thram Diane
Published: June 2016

In the current era of electronic domination of human experience, be it via cell phone and/or computer addiction, or the ubiquitous television, actual participation in music- making is less and less common for the average person, child or adult. Passive participation through listening is most often cited by people as their major experience with music in their lives. When asked if listening has therapeutic effects, it is rare for anyone to respond in the negative. Likewise, for performers/active participants in music- making, be it solitary or as part of a group, invariably an enhanced sense of well-being from the act of making music is reported.This paper addresses therapeutic aspects of musical participation (singing, clapping, playing an instrument, dancing, listening) by providing a historical overview (12th c to present) of attitudes toward music’s therapeutic effects. It argues that music exists through the interaction of our biological capacity to make music with our cultural circumstances. How individuals benefit in all aspects their being – physical, mental and emotional – from engaging in the act of making music is illustrated with examples from field research in southern Africa. Finally implications for Music Education are explored which emphasize how more comprehensive integration of music into the curriculum can serve as an antidote to the increasing isolation and alienation of modern life.
On the special edition of Td: Focusing on music and well-being
Authors: Potgieter Hetta
Published: June 2016

NO ABSTRACT AVAILIBLE
Performing arts medicine: A research model for South Africa
Authors: Devroop Karendra
Published: June 2016

Performing Arts Medicine has developed into a highly specialised field over the past three decades. The Performing Arts Medical Association (PAMA) has been the leading proponent of this unique and innovative field with ground-breaking research studies, symposia, conferences and journals dedicated specifically to the medical problems of performing artists. Similar to sports medicine, performing arts medicine caters specifically for the medical problems of performing artists including musicians and dancers. In South Africa there is a tremendous lack of knowledge of the field and unlike our international counterparts, we do not have specialised clinical settings that cater for the medical problems of performing artists. There is also a tremendous lack of research on performance-related medical problems of performing artists in South Africa. Accordingly the purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the field of performing arts medicine, highlight some of the significant findings from recent research studies and present a model for conducting research into the field of performing arts medicine. It is hoped that this research model will lead to increased research on the medical problems of performing artists in South Africa.
Tracking Gauteng thunderstorms using Crowdsourced Twitter data between Soweto and Pretoria
Authors: Butgereit Laurie
Published: June 2016

Summer thunderstorms in Gauteng are often dramatic, noisy, wet events. They can appear suddenly on exceptionally hot sunny days travelling fast across the province. With such dramatic arrivals, people often flock to social media sites such as Twitter to comment on the rain, wind, hail, lightning and thunder. This paper investigates the possibility of mapping the track of Gauteng thunderstorms by using crowdsourced data from Twitter. This paper describes a model (entitled the ThunderChatter Model) and instantiation of that model which extracts data from Twitter, analyses the textual information for thunderstorm information and plots the appropriate data on a map. For evaluation purposes, these generated maps are then compared against lightning-stroke maps provided by the South African Weather Service. The maps are visually compared by independent people using Content Analysis techniques ensuring unbiased and reproducible results. The results of this research are mixed. For thunderstorms which traverse the strip of land between Soweto and Pretoria more or less correlated to the N1 highway (and representing the most heavily populated area of Gauteng and the area with the highest percentage of home Internet facilities), the results are excellent. However, in outlying areas of Gauteng such as Carletonville, Heidelberg, Hammanskraal and Bronkhorstspruit, the thunderstorms are only trackable using crowdsourced Twitter data in the case of extreme storms which damage property. The results imply that data obtained from social media could be used in some cases to supplement geographical data obtained from traditional sources.
Rebel movements in the DRC as sub-national terrorists and the need for appropriate counter initiatives
Authors: Neethling Theo
Published: June 2016

The word “terrorism” has been used in various political and policy contexts, and studied in several scholarly disciplines. Most contemporary writing on terrorism focuses on the international dimensions or manifestations of terrorism. However, in Africa, sub- national terror (and even state terror) has been a feature of conflict on the African continent. This ranges from amorphous internationally connected groups in which people locally band together around a religious paradigm, to rebels who terrify civilians in civil wars, e.g. the armed movements in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Specifically, the north-eastern and eastern parts of the DRC have been major conflict zones where sub-national or domestic terrorists employed and continue to employ terror as a strategy. This paper examines rebel movements in the DRC as a phenomenon of sub-national terrorism – a phenomenon that manifests in life-and-death struggles over access to mineral resources and where there is a clear correlation between conflict and the accumulation of resources.
A first generation African community grappling with urbanisation: the views of Platfontein’s San on water and sanitation service delivery
Authors: Tempelhoff Johann
Published: June 2016

Since their relocation in 2004 to Platfontein near Kimberley in South Africa’s Northern Cape Province, members of the !Xun and Khwe San, originally from the northern parts of Namibia and southern Angola, became a first generation African community grappling with urbanisation in a rapidly modernising South Africa. The Platfontein area, a number of farms with a settlement housing complex accommodating about 7 000 people, is currently an emergent urban area in which residents have the opportunity to lead urban lives. However, the local water supply and sanitation infrastructure is in a bad state. People reside in early RDP houses, which since being handed over by the Department of Housing have not all been provided with proper water, sanitation and electricity.In the article attention is given to the perceptions of the San community of Platfontein on their prospects for the future under current conditions. The focus is on local water and sanitation service delivery provided by the Sol Plaatje Local Municipality. In many respects their views reflect the complex cultural adjustments necessary to live in an urban environment. Water supply and sanitation are services taken for granted in a modern urban setting. The fact that the San community is subject to considerable frustration about poor service delivery in these important services is a root cause of their discontent with the realities of life in an urban environment that does not live up to their expectations.
Socio-economic factors as causes and remedies for conflict of the San community in Platfontein
Authors: Beyene H G
Published: June 2016

The study examines the role of socio-economic factors in conflict in the San community of Platfontein. This article’s analysis is based on the primary data collected from individual interviews and focused group discussions conducted in 2013 and 2014. It reveals that socioeconomic factors are both the cause of the conflict and serve as remedies for the conflict. The causes date back to the historical displacement and dispossession of land the community faced. The San community is highly dependent on the limited income of a few veterans while the vast majority is unemployed. The lack of skills and limited command of the dominant language in the community makes them less able to compete for jobs. The community’s economic hardships are increased by the dependency syndrome shown by the adults, who tend towards job-seeking rather than job creation and self-reliance. The economic hardship has become one formidable cause of conflict in the community. A concerted effort is needed to change the attitude of the community so that it becomes entrepreneurial and independent.One factor that erodes unity within the San community is that the leadership does not work closely with the people – a situation that increases the likelihood of conflict. The efforts undertaken to empower the San community and lift them out of poverty are very limited. The conflict between !Xun and Khwe is attributed to the divisive political rule adopted during the apartheid regime in South Africa. Comparative economic asymmetries between !Xun and Khwe are also causes of conflict. Furthermore, the widening of social distance, along with competition for jobs and housing, increases the tensions and divisions between the !Xun and Khwe communities. The cause of conflict between the San community and other communities is also associated with unemployment and unfair treatment. Socio-economic factors are valuable ingredients in the process of conflict resolution and healing the emotional problems of the conflicting parties.
Do out-of-body and near-death experiences point towards the reality of nonlocal consciousness? A critical evaluation
Authors: Craffert Pieter
Published: June 2016

In recent years there was a steady flow of academic studies claiming that the mind or consciousness can function independently from a working brain. Such research is presented with great confidence as a scientific breakthrough and one that will alter received views on both humanity and the meaning of life as well as medical science in general and neuroscience in particular. In this article the three major streams of evidence for the existence of nonlocal consciousness are critically evaluated. Neither the testimonies of thousands of experients nor research on cardiac arrest patients or experimental research on veridical perception during out-of-body experiences at this stage provide sufficient evidence for such claims about nonlocal consciousness. Extraordinary claims about paradigm chances in the scientific world should be supported by uncontroversial and high quality evidence, which is currently not available.
The process of developing distributed-efficacy and social practice in the context of ‘ending AIDS’
Authors: Burman Christopher , Aphane Marota , Mamabolo Robert , Mtapuri Oliver , Delobelle Peter
Published: June 2016

Introduction: this article reflects on data that emanated from a programme evaluation and focuses on a concept we label ‘distributed-efficacy’. We argue that the process of developing and sustaining ‘distributed-efficacy’ is complex and indeterminate, thus difficult to manage or predict. We situate the discussion within the context of UNAIDS’ recent strategy — Vision 95:95:95 — to ‘end AIDS’ by 2030 which the South African National Department of Health is currently rolling out across the country.Method: A qualitative method was applied. It included a Value Network Analysis, the Most Significant Change technique and a thematic content analysis of factors associated with a ‘competent community’ model. During the analysis it was noticed that there were unexpected references to a shift in social relations. This prompted a re-analysis of the narrative findings using a second thematic content analysis that focused on factors associated with complexity science, the environmental sciences and shifts is social relations.Findings: the efficacy associated with new social practices relating to HIV risk-reduction was distributed amongst networks that included mother—son networks and participant—facilitator networks and included a shift in social relations within these networks.Discussion: it is suggested that for new social practices to emerge requires the establishment of ‘distributed-efficacy’ which facilitates localised social sanctioning, sometimes including shifts in social relations, and this process is a ‘complex’, dialectical interplay between ‘agency’ and ‘structure’.Conclusion: the ambition of ‘ending AIDS’ by 2030 represents a compressed timeframe that will require the uptake of multiple new bio-social practises. This will involve many nonlinear, complex challenges and the process of developing ‘distributed-efficacy’ could play a role in this process. Further research into the factors we identified as being associated with ‘distributed-efficacy’ — relationships, modes of agency and shifts in social relations — could add value to achieving Vision 95:95:95.
Beyond the academic’s dilemma: Transdisciplinary and existential perspectives of re-enchantment
Authors: Naidoo Rennie
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this article is to stimulate debate about the developing paradoxes and dilemmas facing the university academic. This article argues that academics are increasingly being steeped in an inauthentic existence due, at least partly to, egocentrism and sociocentrism. A modest transdisciplinary- existential analytical framework is applied as an intellectual method to reflect on the prevailing monological perspectives stifling the role of academics, in working towards building a more sustainable future. Using concepts such as the subject, facticity and transcendence, the article investigates the dialectical tensions between some of these monological perspectives and proposes avenues to create new possibilities to progress the role of the academic. The article argues that the multilogical perspectives of transdisciplinary thinking and the empowering perspectives of existential thinking can provide academics with the necessary conceptual tools to transcend egocentrism and sociocentrism. While it is likely that new contradictions will emerge as a result of this synthesis, open-minded academics are urged to ignite their imaginative powers and take up the challenge of creating and acting on new possibilities. A transdisciplinary-existential dialectical approach can provide a richer understanding of present dilemmas in academia and the world, and suggest more satisfying paths to a sustainable future.