bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMOS-Based Physically Unclonable Functions: A Review and Tutorial
Authors: Y. Kamal Kamal , Muresan Radu , Al-Dweik Arafat
Published: June 2021

This article reviews complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based physically unclonable functions (PUFs) in terms of types,
structures, metrics, and challenges. The article reviews and classifies the
most basic PUF types. The article reviews the basic variations originated during a
metal–oxide–semiconductor ﬁeld-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process. Random
variations at transistor level lead to acquiring
unique properties for electronic chips. These variations help a PUF system to
generate a unique response. This article discusses various concepts which allow
for more variations at CMOS technology, layout, masking, and design levels. It
also discusses various PUF related topics.
Training of a Spiking Neural Network on spintronics based analog hardware for handwritten digit recognition
Authors: Sahu Upasana , Goyal Kushaagra , Bhowmik Debanjan
Published: June 2021

We trained Spiking neural network (SNN) using spike time dependent plasticity (STDP)-enabled learning under two different learning schemes in MNIST data set(hand written digit recognition). We showed how the post-neurons need to be far more in number than the output classes for larger data sets in the case of SNN for reasonably high accuracy number. We have also reported the net energy consumed for learning in the spintronic devices and associated transistor-based circuits that enable synaptic functionality for this SNN.
Angle Bisector Algorithm and Modified Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Dhulipala Eswara Venkata Kumar
Published: June 2021

A Dubin's Travelling Salesman Problem (DTSP) of finding a minimum length tour through a given set of points is considered. DTSP has a Dubins vehicle, which is capable of moving only forward with constant speed. In this paper, first, a worst case upper bound is obtained on DTSP tour length by assuming DTSP tour sequence same as Euclidean Travelling Salesman Problem (ETSP) tour sequence. It is noted that, in the worst case, \emph{any algorithm that uses of ETSP tour sequence} is a constant factor approximation algorithm for DTSP. Next, two new algorithms are introduced, viz., Angle Bisector Algorithm (ABA) and Modified Dynamic Programming Algorithm (MDPA). In ABA, ETSP tour sequence is used as DTSP tour sequence and orientation angle at each point $i_k$ are calculated by using angle bisector of the relative angle formed between the rays $i_{k}i_{k-1}$ and $i_ki_{k+1}$. In MDPA, tour sequence and orientation angles are computed in an integrated manner. It is shown that the ABA and MDPA are constant factor approximation algorithms and ABA provides an improved upper bound as compared to Alternating Algorithm (AA) \cite{savla2008traveling}. Through numerical simulations, we show that ABA provides an improved tour length compared to AA, Single Vehicle Algorithm (SVA) \cite{rathinam2007resource} and Optimized Heading Algorithm (OHA) \cite{babel2020new,manyam2018tightly} when the Euclidean distance between any two points in the given set of points is at least $4\rho$ where $\rho$ is the minimum turning radius. The time complexity of ABA is comparable with AA and SVA and is better than OHA. Also we show that MDPA provides an improved tour length compared to AA and SVA and is comparable with OHA when there is no constraint on Euclidean distance between the points. In particular, ABA gives a tour length which is at most $4\%$ more than the ETSP tour length when the Euclidean distance between any two points in the given set of points is at least $4\rho$.
ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ УЛЬТРАРЕЛЯТИВИСТСКИХ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ И ПОЗИТРОНОВ ПРИ КАНАЛИРОВАНИИ В КРИСТАЛЛАХ И ПОЛЯХ МОЩНЫХ ЛАЗЕРОВ
Authors: Хоконов М.Х. , Бекулова И.З. , Ломаносов В.С.
Published: June 2021

Изучены нелинейные эффекты в излучении ультрарелятивистских электронов в поле линейно-поляризованной интенсивной лазерной волны в сравнении с излучением при плоскостном каналировании позитронов в ориентированных кристаллах. Показано, что формулы для спектра излучения могут быть представлены в универсальной форме, которая определяется двумя Лоренц-инвариантами. Учитываются квантовые эффекты в излучении. Показаны и существенные отличия лазеров и ориентированных кристаллов, связанные с тем, что в последнем случае параметр недипольности излучения зависит от энергии позитронов.
ЭЛЛИПСОМЕТРИЯ ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК НИОБАТОВ БАРИЯ-СТРОНЦИЯ
Authors: Кара-Мурза С.В. , Корчикова Н.В. , Сильчева А.Г. , Техтелев Ю.В. , Жидель К.М. , Павленко А.В.
Published: June 2021

Представлены результаты эллипсометрических измерений оптических параметров наноразмерных сегнетоэлектрических пленок ниобатов бария-стронция Sr0,5Ba0,5Nb2O6 (SBN-50) / Al2O3 (0001) и Sr0,61Ba0,39Nb2O6 (SBN-61) / MgO (001) разной толщины. Установлено, что все пленки эпитаксиальные с направлением роста, параллельным полярной оси с кристалла. Определены показатели преломления, толщины базового и нарушенного слоев каждой из пленок, установлены закономерности свойств пленок в зависимости от их толщины.
THE SEMANTICAL STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE UNITS EXPRESSING THE LEVEL OF A SYMBOL
Authors: Nilufarkhon Ravshanovna Makhmudova
Published: June 2021

In the article, the semantic structure of language units representing the hierarchy of a character is analyzed in detail using data from the scientific literature. Besides, this work clarify the issue of the structure of the meanings of lexical-semantic means (lexical-semantic indicators of graduality) representing gradation as well.
KEY WORDS: lexical layer, character, hierarchy, language units, semantic structure.
“Stranger in One’s Own Country”: Afro-Germans and Post-Unification Memory Contests in Laura Horelli’s "Namibia Today" and the Works of Ingrid Mwangi Hutter
Authors: Balisz-Schmelz Justyna
Published: June 2021

The article offers an analysis of the situation of black German men and women after 1989 in the context of post-unification contests of memory. In contrast to the wide-spread and relatively consensual policy of remembering the Second World War and the Holocaust, which was aimed at unification of the German society divided for 40 years, the works of Laura Horelli and Mwangi Hutter discussed in the article are examples of alternative discourses around the definition of the contemporary German identity. They question the dominant and coherent narratives present in numerous post-unification publications and exhibitions treating the specificity of Germanness and German art, and constitute an appeal to broaden the symbolic borders of Germanness.
FUZZY SYSTEMS BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC AND THEIR APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Authors:   Graduate Student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Konyusheva O. N.
Published: June 2021

Currently, fuzzy systems based on fuzzy logic are being implemented in all areas of human activity. The most relevant application of fuzzy set theory is in medicine, environmental protection, disaster protection, education, and many other fields for information processing, diagnostics, evaluation, forecasting, and modeling. This trend exists because of the main feature of fuzzy systems. It consists in the fact that in addition to objective laws, subjective representations and judgments of people play an essential role in their functioning. Almost all concepts in natural language and our knowledge in most areas are fuzzy. The ability of a person to make the right decisions in real situations containing a large number of uncertainties and inaccuracies requires the creation of a mathematical theory that would take into account and model the approximate judgments of a person.
THE ALGORITHM FOR MARKING VERTEXES. COMPARISON OF ALGORITHMS FOR SEARCHING FOR CONNECTIVITY COMPONENTS IN A GRAPH USING THE EXAMPLE OF COMBINING WALLETS IN A BITCOIN DATABASE
Authors:   Candidate of Economics Sciences, Professor, Federal Financial Monitoring Service, Moscow, Russia, Glotov V. I. , Mikhailov D. M. ,   Candidate of Technical Sciences, FIAN P.N. Lebedeva RAS, Moscow, Russia, Yurov A. A. ,   Chief Specialist FIAN P.N. Lebedeva RAS, Moscow, Russia, Россия, Volkova M. I. ,   PhD in Economics, Federal Financial Monitoring Service, Moscow, Russia, Panteleev A. A. ,   Engineer of the FIAN P.N. Lebedeva RAS, Moscow, Russia, Demkin K. V. ,   Engineer of the FIAN P.N. Lebedeva RAS, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to comparing the efficiency of algorithms for processing Bitcoin blockchain transaction database. The article describes the algorithm of vertex marking developed by the group. Based on the comparison of this and other algorithms, it is expected to identify the most effective algorithm for clustering addresses based on belonging to a single user. The Bitcoin database contains information about millions of financial transactions. Even though information about transactions is anonymous, there are methods for combining user addresses into wallets. In this article, we study algorithms of searching connectivity components, which are based on one of the methods of combining wallets based on the heuristic feature of the «total waste» of one user. The emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of implementation – hardware limitations in processing big data sets, as well as the choice of a solution for many graph connectivity components – the maximum connected set of graph vertices, in other words, a set of nonempty vertex sets and a set of vertex pairs.
Student’s Perception regarding the Effect of Faculty based Assessment Approaches on their Academic Performance at University Level
Authors: Sadia Mushtaq  , Dr. Erum Asla Khan  , Dr. Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
Published: June 2021

Instructional and assessment methods are varied and preferred by their teachers at higher-level institutions. A teacher guides their students with detail information and instructions to achieve their educational targets. Students share views regarding their faculty norms and standards that influence the adoption of their study methods. The major focus of this study was to find out the faculty-based differences of learners' views of assessment and its relationship with achievement at the university level. The study was correlational and the survey was conducted to investigate the research problem. All the public sector universities of Punjab were considered as a population of the study and only seven (07) public sector universities were taken as a sample. A questionnaire, students' perception of assessment (Waldrip et al., 2008) was adapted to collect the data from the respondents. Using the mean scores, standard deviation, t-test, and regression the collected data were analyzed. The findings of the study showed students have not the same perception about the assessment and the study concluded a significant relationship between students' perception of assessment and academic outcomes. Based on the study results, it was recommended that each faculty should well inform the students about the assessment methods and strategies for their outcomes improvement.
Tourism as one of the priority directions in Georgia
Authors: Loid Karchava Loid Karchava , Elene Kutaladze Elene Kutaladze
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the history of development and the stages that different countries have gone through so far, in details about the stages of tourism development in Georgia. And about the contribution of the state, to the best results from the long term perspectives. It also focuses on the increase of the country popularization, to the tourism programs developed by the government and for the detailed discussion of the set goals and objectives. Georgia has a great potential in the field of tourism, as it is distinguished by the ancient culture, beautiful nature, historic buildings, stunning landscapes and hospitable people. The final part of the article concludes that tourism is crucial for many countries, as it brings growing employment opportunities and large monetary incomes for local businesses. First of all, it is necessary to develop long-term strategic plans for tourism development, both at the national and regional levels and the adoption of them should be done through close consultation with interested parties. When developing long-term strategic plans, it is essential that government structures take the initiative, give private incentives to private structures, and implement relevant projects of the well-planned strategies.
The horizontal migration of hammerhead sharks along the southern Brazilian coast, based on their exploitation pattern and considerations about the impact of anchored gillnets activities on these species
Authors: Kotas Jorge Eduardo , Petrere Jr Miguel , Dos Santos Roberta Aguiar , Bustamante Ajax , Lin Celso Fernandes , Da Silveira Menezes Antônio Alberto , Micheletti Elizabethe Lobão Veras
Published: June 2021

Between 1995-2009 hammerhead sharks were sampled from the landings ofthe industrial fleets based in the harbours of Itajaí and Navegantes, SC State,and Ubatuba, SP State, Brazil. In this case, fishing boats which operated with gillnetslonglines and trawls along the southern Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone and internationaladjacent waters were targeted. A total of 2483 and 353 S. lewini and S. zygaena carcasses respectively were sexed, measured and converted to total lengths (LT). Additionallyinformation about, year, season, latitude/longitude and local depth (m) from the catches,by fishing category, were obtained. During the considered period, intense fishing mortalityover pups was caused by gillnets and trawls operating on shallow waters (≤20m) and overjuveniles along the continental shelf (>20m and ≤200m). Additionally, adults were exploitedby driftnets and longlines along the shelf border and slope (>200m). Therefore,both hammerhead species are exploited at all life-stages and throughout their migratory circuit.This includes during their inshore-offshore migration while they are growing from pupsto juveniles and as the offshore-inshore migration of pregnant females to pupping areas inshallower waters. This apparently unsustainable exploitation pattern, over different sizeclasses (newborns-juveniles-adults), and the economic pressure caused by the internationalfin market, is one of the reasons for population declining of these two species in southernBrazil. Non fishing zones for the hammerheads, protecting their migratory circuit, which isdriven by their growth pattern and reproduction, are necessary. Additionally, fishing effortreduction and a control over the international fin market are recommended.
Avaliação quali-quantitativa de algas marinhas macrófitas ocorrentes na Praia da Vigia, Garopaba/SC
Authors: Marmitt Diorge Jônatas , De Freitas Elisete Maria , Marczinski Fabiele , Flesh Adriane , Reis Blasi Édina Aparecida
Published: June 2021

O estudo teve por objetivo, identificar espécies e conhecer a estrutura da comunidade de algas da Praia da Vigia, Garopaba, Santa Catarina, pertencentes aos filos Rhodophyta (algas vermelhas), Phaeophyta (algas pardas) e Chlorophyta (algas verdes). Foram distribuídas 100 unidades amostrais de 0,25 m² de modo aleatório em nove pontos ao longo da praia, considerando locais de submersão contínua e imersão temporária. Foram registradas 15 espécies. O filo Rhodophyta foi representado por sete espécies, seguido por Chlorophyta e Phaeophyta, com cinco e três espécies cada. Os índices de diversidade estimados pelo Shannon (H’) e equabilidade de Pielou (J) foram, respectivamente, 1,95 nats.ind.-1 e 0,72. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a espécie de maior valor de importância foi Ulva lactuca, seguida por Chaetomorpha antennina e Sargassum cymosum. Além dos baixos valores de diversidade, houve pouca diferença na estrutura da comunidade e a distribuição das espécies entre os locais de inundação constante e temporária foi pequena.
A contribuição da gestão da informação para o uso dos recursos pesqueiros no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Charles
Published: June 2021

Vivencia-se um período de crescente fluxo de informação entre as nações, o que é a base das relações de poder político, econômico, social, científico, tecnológico e comercial. Uma das formas de exercer esse poder é conhecer as fontes de informação. Para isso, é necessário organizá-las, tratá-las e analisá-las dentro de um contexto a fim de utilizá-las da forma mais apropriada para a tomada de decisão. Neste estudo, visa-se refletir e discutir sobre a contribuição da gestão da informação para o uso dos recursos pesqueiros no Brasil, entrelaçando o processo de uso e o compartilhamento das informações. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e exploratória, de método qualitativo. O texto se organiza em cinco partes: a) a introdução, em que são apresentados os objetivos e a problemática de pesquisa; b) a metodologia; c) a contextualização da pesca na sociedade da informação; d) a apresentação dos conceitos relacionados à gestão, ao uso e ao compartilhamento da informação; e e) a discussão e as considerações finais, em que se apresenta um modelo de gestão da informação para o uso dos recursos pesqueiros, estruturado em forma de processos sequenciais e interativos, composto por quatro etapas. O resultado esperado é um processo informacional que contribua para a elaboração, a implementação e o controle de ações, para o monitoramento do ambiente interno e externo e para as tomadas de decisão, proporcionando, assim, uma gestão mais adequada dos recursos pesqueiros no Brasil.
Até onde posso arrastar? – Construindo acordos sobre os limites da pesca artesanal de arrasto na Baía Norte de Florianópolis frente à legislação ambiental.
Authors: Steenbock Walter , Dos Santos Roberta Aguiar , Macedo Heitor Schulz , De Almeida Edson Gracindo , Da Silva Marcos Cesar , Medeiros Rodrigo Pereira , Vizuete Eloisa Pinto
Published: June 2021

A região marinha entre o norte da Ilha de Santa Catarina e o continente, em Santa Catarina, tem sido considerada pelos órgãos de fiscalização ambiental como uma baía e, portanto, como área de restrição à pesca de arrasto de camarões, de acordo com a Portaria n° 51/83, da extinta Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Pesca (SUDEPE). Essa Portaria, que permanece válida, proíbe essa modalidade de pesca em baías do Estado, mas não define o limite geográfico dessas baías, tornando legalmente insegura a atividade de centenas de pescadores artesanais da região. O debate sobre a determinação dos limites da chamada “Baía Norte” de Florianópolis foi incrementado a partir da construção participativa do Plano de Manejo da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Anhatomirim (APAA), publicado em 2013. Em setembro de 2014, pescadores artesanais de arrasto de camarões foram autuados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), por estarem pescando dentro dos limites da “Baía Norte”, muito embora os pescadores estivessem fora destes limites, considerando tanto os limites usualmente praticados pela Polícia Ambiental de Santa Catarina quanto a proposição deste limite pelo Plano de Manejo da APAA. O episódio deflagrou a mobilização dos pescadores para a institucionalização da definição deste limite, durante a qual foram realizadas reuniões em diferentes fóruns e elaborados vários documentos técnicos, subsidiando um acordo sobre o limite em questão, envolvendo pescadores e órgãos ambientais, dentre outras agências governamentais, em novembro de 2014. Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados do acompanhamento das reuniões realizadas neste período e da análise dos documentos técnicos produzidos, bem como uma discussão em torno dos aspectos sociais, ambientais e institucionais relativos à aplicabilidade da legislação ambiental.
Characterization and comparison of Brazilian and foreign leased pelagic longline fleets in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean between 2003 and 2014. How different are these fisheries?
Authors: Fiedler Fernando Niemeyer , Sales Gilberto , Giffoni Bruno Barros , Maçaneiro Luiz Rodrigo , Britto Mariana de Karam e , Nascimento Caiame Januário , Port Dagoberto , Barreto André Silva , Schwingel Paulo Ricardo
Published: June 2021

The pelagic zone of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean is an important area for longline fisheries. Brazilian waters are strategic regions for the performance of this modality in International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas - ICCAT. In order to reach international quotas government strengthened its rent policy of foreign vessels aiming to promote technology transfer to the national fleet. Knowledge of vessel characteristics, technology used in equipment and strategies used by skippers are important for the management of this activity. The present study characterized vessels from national and foreign fleets operating out of the port of Itajaí, in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), between 2003 and 2014. Results indicate that these fleets are different in relation to size of vessels, engine power, cargo hold capacity, length of the main and branchlines, and steel wire length. Despite these differences, strategies adopted are critical to achieve better yields per trip. For the national fleet, the skills acquired to the use of equipments, in understanding the behavior of the target species, and change of fishing strategies often compensate for the lack of technology.
Philosophical Dualism and the Service Ethic: A Response to Megan Bailey’s “Ritualized Relief and the Misapplication of Dewey in Service-Learning”
Authors: Sheffield Eric
Published: June 2021

Firstly, I want to thank Megan Bailey for maintaining an important critical perspective on an approach to living and learning that I believe can be transformative—but only if we keep a constant critical lens on it: service-learning.1 Service-learning, like many social
practices enacted over increasing timespans, has periodically lost its proverbial way; some would argue (and I’m one) that service learning has never been understood well enough theoretically for it to succeed completely in practice—at least not within the institution generally
known as “education.” My initial examination of the service-learning pedagogy some twenty-five years ago was precisely the result of a theory/practice disconnect that turned into a Deweyan felt problem connected to several service-learning projects I led at a high school in North
Central Florida. Those projects succeeded, but only kind of. And the only reason they succeeded “kind of” was due to a lack of sound theoretical understanding which might reasonably drive its practice. The present manuscript certainly furthers this critical examination in important
ways.
A Novel Spatiotemporal Method for Predicting Covid-19 Cases
Authors: Cai Junzhe , Revesz Peter Z.
Published: June 2021

Prediction methods are important for many applications. In particular, an accurate prediction for the total number of cases for pandemics such as the Covid-19 pandemic could help medical preparedness by providing in time a sucient supply of testing kits, hospital beds and medical personnel. This paper experimentally compares the accuracy of ten prediction methods for the cumulative number of Covid- 19 pandemic cases. These ten methods include three types of neural networks and extrapola- tion methods based on best fit quadratic, best fit cubic and Lagrange interpolation, as well as an extrapolation method proposed by the second author. We also consider the Kriging and inverse distance weighting spatial interpolation methods. We also develop a novel spatiotemporal prediction method by combining temporal and spatial prediction methods. The experiments show that among these ten prediction methods, the spatiotemporal method has the smallest root mean square error and mean absolute error on Covid-19 cumulative data for counties in New York State between May and July, 2020.
ON A SUBCLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS WITH FIXED FINITELY MANY COEFFICIENTS BASED ON SALAGEAN OPERATOR AND MODIFIED SIGMOID FUNCTION
Authors: Oluwayemi M.O. , Joseph Olubunmi A. Fadipe , Najafzadeh Sh.
Published: June 2021

A new family of analytic functions involving sigmoid function defined as $ T_\gamma(\lambda, \beta, \alpha, \mu, c_m)\subset T_\gamma(\lambda, \beta, \alpha, \mu)$ are established. Certain geometric properties of the class are obtained.
Galectin-3 Level Insera Patients with Bladder Cancer in Babylon Province
Authors: Behayaa HibaResheed , Ewadh Mufeed Jalil , Obaid Ahmed Turki
Published: June 2021

For the assessment of Galectin-3 leveland toinvestigate the possible relation of Galectin-3 with age, genderand different stage and grade of bladder cancer in Babylon province. Galectin-3 was measured in two hundredsubjects; 100 diagnosed with bladder cancer and 100 healthy subjectswere registered in this revision.Theage of patients and control ranged between (38-79) years.The level of Galectin-3was assessed in serum byenzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)technique.Serum levels of Galectin-3displayed a significantincrease in bladder cancer group associated with control group (p<0.01). Amongbladder cancer patients inBabylon province, increase Galectin-3 concentration indicate the significant relationshipwithbladder cancer.
Evaluation of the Role of Pentraxin 3, B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Troponin I in Acute Carbon Monoxide Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Alaa Essam Mahmoud  , Suzan Mostafa Mahmoud  , Mona El KotbMoussa  , AyaShawky Khater
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute carbon monoxide induced cardiotoxicity is one of the main causes of mortality. It is considered as a poor prognostic factor in patients with carbon monoxide intoxication.Although early diagnosis of cardiac injury is often difficult and might be misdiagnosed.This study aimed to assess the role of Pentraxin 3 and B-type natriuretic peptide in comparison with cardiac Troponin I as early predictors of cardiotoxicity in patients presented with acute CO poisoning. Methods: Thirty patients with acute CO poisoning were recruited from PoisonControl Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Serum levels of Cardiac biomarkers (Pentraxin3, BNP and Troponin I) were measured on admission and after 10 hours after exposure. Conclusion: Our results revealed that, B-type natriuretic peptide and Troponin I were more reliable cardiac biomarkers in early prediction of cardiotoxicity in acute CO poisoning patients.While Pentraxin3 had low sensitivity and specificity to predict the cardiotoxicity in acute CO poisoning in comparing with BNP and Troponin I
Bacterial Co-infections and Antibacterial therapy in retrospective COVID-19 patients in AL Fallujah General Teaching Hospital
Authors: AL-Karbolii M. M
Published: June 2021

In order to determine a retrospective study data were collected from all 2031 COVID-19 patients detected by PCR (nasal swap) from January/ 2020- January /2021 for Fallujah General Teaching Hospital ,which total number of Positive covid19 were 210 in isolation ward and Negative number of COVID-19 were 1821.The study condense on bacterial co-infections and antibacterial therapy for this bacteria. Clinical information were : the genera females were 60 ( 28.5%) and were males 150 (71.4%). microbiological detected isolation from blood sample through 48hour of 210 COVID-19 patients in isolation ward detected by BACT/ALERT® Culture Media(1)then cultured on routine bacteriological media according to(2)for positive growth isolated bacteria then identification were done by biochemical test. The result of bacterial isolation from blood of patients assumptive co-infections among 210 samples, positive growth isolated of bacteria which were 121 (57,6%) and included S. pneumoniae , S. aureus , S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, p. aeroginosa and E. coli and total negative isolated which indeed enclose 89 (42.3%). Depending on ABS achieve guidelines, the most commonly used antibiotic way was Meropenem, Azithromycin and Cefixime with a median duration of 6 (range 1–13) days in isolation ward and when using Antibiotic Susceptibility test expressed each resistant and sensitive bacteria to antibiotic discs for all positive isolate and detected by sensitivity patterns of VITEK2 system to some species as ensuring method, but; the study focus on co-infection had the highest frequency of Staphylococcus aureus 57 (47.1%) isolates which were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Amikacin, azithromycin, Cefotaxime, tetracycline ,Trimethoprim/ Sulphamethoxazole and sensitive to Levofloxacin and imipenem.
Wave Breaker Model of Transmission Waves
Authors: Sukaphone Phetthanan , Yaxasiht Buonkun Ounlesy
Published: June 2021

The wavelength, the wave height, and the depth of the water under which the waves travel are critical criteria for describing water waves. According to previous research, the depth and period of the waves have a significant effect on the propagation and reflection coefficients. The hollow breakwater's varied model is supposed to minimize wave reflection and propagation in addition to reducing wave reflection, due to its capacity to capture and reduce incident wave energy.
Why We Must Learn The Lessons Now: A call for a truly independent public inquiry by the UK Government
Authors: Chakravorty Indranil , Bamrah JS , Chand Kailash , Mehta Ramesh
Published: June 2021

The BAPIO Think-tank recommends that the Independent Inquiry establishes;

If the scientists did get the advice right (best practice at the time on protection, prevention of spread, detection of new cases, restriction of movement internal/external), and timely.

Whether the government adhered to its own mantra of ‘following the science’ of acting on scientific evidence

If the policy effectively assessed the risk to and protected key workers, how should this be conducted in the future?

If the government had formed ‘a protective ring’ for Care Homes and if the early policy of encouraging NHS Trusts to discharge patients without repeat testing, compromised the care of other residents and care, home workers,

If the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities and deprived communities was recognised in policy actions, so those at enhanced risk were appropriately prioritised if there was active engagement and co-designed provision of culturally appropriate timely information; if disinformation was tackled, and if there was an enhanced drive to vaccinate those at higher risk.

If there was recognition by the government of public health expert advice that a blanket national policy is ineffective. More local intelligence, engagement, and leadership should tackle the outbreaks seen in different regions.

If there was transparency and efficiency in the financial investment in tackling the pandemic - potential wastage and duplication from unusable PPE and the Nightingale hospitals), and the cost of private firms supplying testing, tracing and other equipment.

Urgently, the health–social care priorities for recovery; whether segregation of facilities, protected allocation of resources in dealing with non-Covid conditions,  how the NHS might continue to function optimally in the event of a third or subsequent waves

If there is action on pressures on the NHS workforce, the impact on their morale, wellbeing and actions that are required to manage these in the future.
True Masses of the Long-period Companions to HD 92987 and HD 221420 from Hipparcos–Gaia Astrometry
Authors: Venner Alexander , Vanderburg Andrew , Pearce Logan A.
Published: June 2021

The extensive time span of modern radial velocity surveys has made the discovery of long-period substellar companions more common in recent years; however, measuring the true masses of these objects remains challenging. Astrometry from the Gaia mission is expected to provide mass measurements for many of these long-period companions, but these data are not yet available. However, combining proper-motion data from Gaia DR2 and the earlier Hipparcos mission makes it possible to measure true masses of substellar companions in favorable cases. In this work, we combine radial velocities with Hipparcos–Gaia astrometry to measure the true masses of two recently discovered long-period substellar companion candidates, HD 92987 B and HD 221420 b. In both cases, we find that the true masses are significantly higher than implied by radial velocities alone. A 2087 ± 19 m s−1 astrometric signal reveals that HD 92987 B is not close to its 17 M
J minimum mass but is instead a 0.2562 ± 0.0045 M
⊙ star viewed at a near-polar orbital inclination, whereas the 22.9 ± 2.2 M
J HD 221420 b can be plausibly interpreted as a high-mass “superplanet” or a low-mass brown dwarf. With semimajor axes of ∼10 au, both companions are interesting targets for direct imaging, and HD 221420 b in particular would be a benchmark metal-rich substellar object if it proves possible to directly detect. Our results demonstrate the power of Hipparcos–Gaia astrometry for studying long-period planet and brown dwarf candidates discovered from radial velocity surveys.
EDEN: Flare Activity of the Nearby Exoplanet-hosting M Dwarf Wolf 359 Based on K2 and EDEN Light Curves
Authors: Lin Chia-Lung , Chen Wen-Ping , Ip Wing-Huen , Apai Dániel , Bixel Alex , Boyle Richard , Chavez Jose Perez , Espinoza Nestor , Gibbs Aidan , Gabor Paul , Henning Thomas , Mancini Luigi , Rackham Benjamin V. , Schlecker Martin , Dietrich Jeremy , Socia Quentin Jay , Keppler Miriam , Bhandare Asmita , Häberle Maximilian
Published: June 2021

We report the flare activity of Wolf 359, the fifth closest star to the Sun and a candidate exoplanet-hosting M dwarf. The star was a target of the Kepler/K2 mission and was observed by the EDEN project, a global network of 1–2 m class telescopes for detection and characterization of rocky exoplanets in the habitable zones of late-M dwarfs within 50 light year from the solar system. In the combination of the archived K2 data and our EDEN observations, a total of 872 flares have been detected, 861 with the K2 (860 in the short-cadence and 18 in the long-cadence data, with 17 long-cadence events having short-cadence counterparts) and 11 with EDEN. Wolf 359 has relatively strong flare activity even among flaring M dwarfs, in terms of the flare activity indicator (FA) defined as the integrated flare energy relative to the total stellar bolometric energy, where FA = ∑E

f
/∫L
bol
dt ∼ 8.93 × 10−5 for the long-cadence flares, whereas for K2 short cadence and EDEN flares, the FA values are somewhat larger, FA ≈ 6.67 × 10−4 and FA ≈ 5.25 × 10−4, respectively. Such a level of activity, in accordance with the rotation period (P
rot), suggests the star to be in the saturation phase. The size of the starspots is estimated to be at least 1.87% ± 0.59% of the projected disk area of Wolf 359. We find no correlation of FA with the stellar rotational phase. Our analysis indicates a flare frequency distribution in a power-law form of

dN

/

dE
∝

E

−
α

with α = 2.13 ± 0.14, equivalent to an occurrence rate of flares E

f
≥ 1031 erg about once per day and of superflares with E

f
≥ 1033 erg approximately 10 times per year. These superflares may impact the habitability of system in multiple ways, the details of which are topics for future investigations.
High-resolution Laboratory Measurements of K-shell X-Ray Line Polarization and Excitation Cross Sections in Helium-like S XV Ions
Authors: Shah Chintan , Hell Natalie , Hubbard Antonia , Gu Ming Feng , MacDonald Michael J. , Eckart Megan E. , Kelley Richard L. , Kilbourne Caroline A. , Leutenegger Maurice A. , Porter F. Scott , Brown Gregory V.
Published: June 2021

We report measurements of electron-impact excitation cross sections for the strong K-shell n = 2 → 1 transitions in S xv, using the LLNL EBIT-I electron beam ion trap, two crystal spectrometers, and the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer. The cross sections are determined by direct normalization to the well-known cross sections of radiative electron capture, measured simultaneously. Using contemporaneous polarization measurements with the two crystal spectrometers, whose dispersion planes are oriented parallel and perpendicular to the electron beam direction, the polarization of the direct excitation line emission is determined, and in turn the isotropic total cross sections are extracted. We further experimentally investigate various line-formation mechanisms, finding that radiative cascades and collisional inner-shell ionization dominate the degree of linear polarization and total line-emission cross sections of the forbidden line, z.
Transfer of Westermannia difficilis Dohrn to the genus Polauchenia McAtee & Malloch (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae, Emesini)
Authors: Gil-Santana Hélcio R. , Deckert Jürgen
Published: June 2021

Based on the examination of its lectotype (here designated), Westermannia difficilis Dohrn, 1860 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae, Emesini), currently included in Dohrnemesa Wygodzinsky, 1945, is transferred to the genus Polauchenia McAtee & Malloch, 1925 with the resulting new combination: Polauchenia difficilis (Dohrn, 1860), comb. nov. An updated key to the species of Polauchenia is provided.
Hyperferritinemia: A Diagnostic Marker for Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection?
Authors: Nishitani Miki , Alali Muayad , Hageman Joseph R. , Nubani Reem , Chong Grace , Tran Lily , Husain Aliya N. , Rosebush Julia
Published: June 2021

Although the prognosis of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has improved with intravenous acyclovir, the morbidity and mortality of disseminated disease remains high. Transaminitis and thrombocytopenia have been reported to be sensitive markers of neonatal HSV disease; however, early diagnosis remains a challenge due to a lack of specific clinical and laboratory indicators for this disease process. Ferritin, an acute phase reactant known for its use in diagnosing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, has recently been reported as extremely elevated in neonates with disseminated HSV due to its high inflammatory nature. We report three cases of neonates at a single institution with hyperferritinemia in the setting of disseminated HSV. Based on this case series, we discuss whether ferritin can be used as an early diagnostic marker in the setting of suspected neonatal HSV disease.

[
Pediatric Annals
. 2021;50(6):e264–e267.]
Which Review Can Make You Engage?
Authors: Fu Senhui , Yan Qing , Feng Guangchao Charles , Peng Jiamin
Published: June 2021

Online reviews facilitate customer brand engagement, but few studies have explored this problem from the perspective of interpersonal attraction and its psychological mechanisms in the social commerce context. This paper aims to investigate the effect of reviewer-reader similarity (including external and internal similarity) in online reviews on customer brand engagement in the social commerce context. Drawing upon the social categorization theory, a conceptual framework was developed and tested empirically. Data collected from a sample of Chinese consumers with the shopping experience on social commerce websites (N=392) was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Findings reveal that both external and internal similarities are indirectly influenced consumer brand engagement, and mediated by consumers' perceived value and congruence transferred through this process. The impact of external similarity on customer brand engagement was greater through consumers' perceived value, whereas the influence of internal similarity was stronger through consumers' self-brand congruence.
Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors:   Skansense SLU, Porcel Magnusson Cristina
Published: June 2021

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm, to calculate object distance and position. Exterior automotive paint covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with vehicle coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Sensing technologies and materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, multidisciplinary approaches need to be taken to ensure reliability and safety in the future. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles provides a transversal view of different industry segments, from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR components and vehicle system development and integration. The report includes a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved.
Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems
Authors:   Have Blue LLC, Waraniak John
Published: June 2021

Many automotive industry safety advocates have been pushing for greater market penetration for active safety and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), with the goal of ending deaths due to car crashes. However, there are far-reaching implications for the collision repair, specialty equipment, and performance aftermarket sectors—after a collision or modification, the ADAS system functionality must be preserved to maintain, driver, passenger, and road user safety. To do this, sensor recalibration and ADAS functional safety validation and documentation after repair, modification, or accessorizing are necessary. Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket ADAS tackles the challenges of accelerating the pace of ADAS implementation; increasing industry understanding of systems, sensors, software, controllers; and minimizing the overwhelming variety of sensor calibration procedures and automaker targets. Additionally, this report addresses the liability concerns that are challenging the industry as it seeks to move forward safely.
Creatinine based equations and glomerular filtration rate: interpretation and clinical relevance
Authors: Boima Vincent
Published: June 2021

No Abrsact
Impacted third molar transplantation on the malpracticed extraction socket
Authors: Soung Min Kim , Amponsah Emmanuel K
Published: June 2021

Autotransplantation with or without endodontic therapy is regarded as an alternative treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. A primary responsibility of a maxillofacial surgeon is to reverse any malpractice to promote successful outcomes and improve the patient’s quality of life. This paper presents a malpractice case of incorrect extraction of the lower second molar instead of the impacted third molar. A simple technique of transplanting the impacted third molar to the site of the extracted second molar is introduced by a maxillofacial specialist in Ghana. By making an intentional root socket and fixation without using additional appliances, a novel second molar was achieved with complete recovery. This patient was followed after transplant for a four-year period with the best satisfaction.Funding: A grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea. (HI15C0689)Keywords: Autotransplantation, Endodontic treatment, Impacted third molar, Malpracticed extraction, Maxillofacial specialty
Perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity in Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Tuoyire Derek A. , McNair Sarah , Debrah Samuel A. , Duda Rosemary B.
Published: June 2021

Background: This study examined the association between perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity.Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based surveySetting: Out-patient department of the Central Regional Hospital in Cape Coast, Ghana Participants: Adult men and women at least 18 years oldInterventions: NoneMain outcome measures: Perception of risk for hypertension, overweight/obesityResults: About 39% of the participants (N=400) were found to be overweight/obese, with disproportionally higher rates among women (50%) than men (28%). Results of the binary logistic regression models revealed a strong positive association (OR = 2.21, 95% CI =1.23, 3.96) between perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity. Increasing age, high television exposure, female gender and being in a relationship were also noted to be associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for the design of programmes to help individuals appreciate the reality of weight-related health risks, as well as the need to embrace lifestyles that promote healthy weight outcomes. Funding: Harvard Medical School Travelling Fellowship, Scholars in Medicine Office, Harvard Medical SchoolKeywords: overweight, obesity, risk, perception, hypertension, Cape Coast, Ghana
Fluoroscopic-guided sacroiliac joint injections for treatment of chronic axial low back pain in a tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: a preliminary study
Authors: Suleiman Zakari A. , Kolawole Israel K. , Okeyemi Ajibade
Published: June 2021

Background: The injection of mixture of plain bupivacaine and triamcinolone acetonide into the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) to relieve chronic low back pain is uncommon in the West African sub-region. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy or otherwise of fluoroscopic-guided SI joint injection in the management of chronic axial low back pain in Nigeria.Design: This was a prospective observational interventional studySetting: The study was carried out at a tertiary hospital in NigeriaParticipants: Twenty-six patients with SI joint pain, based on IASP diagnostic criteria, who presented to our unit over 36 months from March 2012 to March 2015 and.Interventions: Fluoroscopic-guided injections of 5mls mixture of bupivacaine and triamcinolone acetonide into the sacro-iliac (SI) joints of 26 patients with SI joint pain out of 116 patients who were offered different interventions for chronic low back pain. The patients were followed up for year and pain intensity and functional status were assessed at 3-, 6- and 12 months post-intervention.Main outcome measures: Pain relief and functional improvement were the main outcome measures.Results: The mean numeric rating score (NRS) and Oswestry Disability index (ODI) score in 14 (53.9%) patients at 12 months post-interventions were significantly lower compared with baseline values; 3.19 ± 1.10 vs 8.54 ±1.14 p=0.000 and 25.35 ± 5.40 vs 37.54 ±8.41, p=0.000 respectively.Conclusion: Fluoroscopic-guided steroid injection into the SI joint resulted into reduction in pain intensity and improved physical function in the majority of patients with SI joint pain. Funding: Not declaredKeywords: Axial low back pain, sacroiliac joint, steroid injection, fluoroscopy, pain relief
Comparative Assessment of Public Policy Initiatives in the Agricultural Sector of Rivers State, Nigeria (2007-2020)
Authors:   Department of Political and Administrative Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Obomanu Edmund Felix
Published: June 2021

This paper examined how the second tier of government in Nigeria has been able to promote agriculture and food security through its programmes and policies using Rivers State as a paradigm. This responsibility is captured in the concurrent list as provided in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It adopts the political systems theory as its theoretical underpinning. Primary source of data were used through interviews of principal officers from the Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture, as well as Rivers State Sustainable Development Agency’s Songhai Initiative. The study observed that within the period under review, the administration embarked on various agricultural programmes. Amongst other recommendations is the need for continuation of programmes and policies of successive administrations, as well as the need for more proactive measures in the execution of public policies for efficient service delivery.
Noticias
Authors: Morales Sanabria Carmen
Published: June 2021

Noticias