bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bidirectional converter with integrated voltage equalizer for series‐connected supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Jia Zhe , Wang Dexin , Zhao Xiaobing , Su Yukui , Nie Baoxin
Published: January 2022

Energy storage systems include not only a charge/discharge bidirectional converter but also a separate voltage equalizer. This paper proposes a bidirectional converter with an integrated voltage equalizer, which saves a DC–AC converter, thus significantly reducing the size, cost, and complexity of the equalization circuit. In addition, integrating the equalizer into the bidirectional converter also has a positive impact on the realization of ZVS operation. Analytical models have been established that can be used for accurate prediction, optimal design, and effective control of the proposed converter. A control strategy is proposed, which not only enables the cells to be automatically balanced when the cell string is charged/discharged but also enables ZVS operation within a wide range of voltage changes and minimizes the RMS value of the primary current. An experimental prototype of 60 W applied to nine supercapacitors (SCs) in series was built, and the experimental results verified the theoretical analysis and demonstrated the characteristics of the proposed converter.
Evaluation of multiple myeloma measurable residual disease by high sensitivity flow cytometry: An international harmonized approach for data analysis
Authors: Soh Kah Teong , Came Neil , Otteson Gregory E. , Jevremovic Dragan , Shi Min , Olteanu Horatiu , Natoni Alessandro , Lagoo Anand , Theakston Edward , Óskarsson Jón Þórir , Gorniak Malgorzata , Grigoriadis George , Arroz Maria , Fletcher Matthew , Lin Pei , Ludwig Peter , Tembhare Prashant , Matuzeviciene Reda , Radzevicius Mantas , Kay Sigi , Chen Weina , Cabrita Carina , Wallace Paul K.
Published: January 2022

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluated by flow cytometry is a surrogate for progression‐free and overall survival in clinical trials. However, analysis and reporting between centers lack uniformity. We designed and evaluated a consensus protocol for MM MRD analysis to reduce inter‐laboratory variation in MM MRD reporting.

Methods

Seventeen participants from 13 countries performed blinded analysis of the same eight de‐identified flow cytometry files from patients with/without MRD using their own method (Stage 1). A consensus gating protocol was then designed following survey and discussions, and the data re‐analyzed for MRD and other bone marrow cells (Stage 2). Inter‐laboratory variation using the consensus strategy was reassessed for another 10 cases and compared with earlier results (Stage 3).

Results

In Stage 1, participants agreed on MRD+/MRD− status 89% and 68% of the time respectively. Inter‐observer variation was high for total numbers of analyzed cells, total and normal plasma cells (PCs), limit of detection, lower limit of quantification, and enumeration of cell populations that determine sample adequacy. The identification of abnormal PCs remained relatively consistent. By consensus method, average agreement on MRD− status improved to 74%. Better consistency enumerating all parameters among operators resulted in near‐unanimous agreement on sample adequacy.

Conclusion

Uniform flow cytometry data analysis substantially reduced inter‐laboratory variation in reporting multiple components of the MM MRD assay. Adoption of a harmonized approach would meet an important need for conformity in reporting MM MRD for clinical trials, and wider acceptance of MM MRD as a surrogate clinical endpoint.
Customised display of large mineralogical (XRD) data: Geological advantages and applications
Authors: Coimbra Rute , Kemna Kilian B. , Rocha Fernando , Horikx Maurits
Published: January 2022

X‐ray diffraction mineralogical analysis of geological sequences is a well‐established procedure in both academia and industry, rendering a large volume of data in short‐analytical time. Yet, standard data treatment and resulting interpretations present limitations related to the inherent complexities of natural geological materials (e.g. compositional variety, structural ordering), and are often time consuming and focussed on a very detailed inspection. Several alternatives were evaluated in terms of advantages and disadvantages to the main goal of generating a user‐friendly, fast and intuitive way of processing a large volume of X‐ray diffraction data. The potential of using raw X‐ray diffraction data to interpret mineralogical diversity and relative phase abundances along sedimentary successions is explored here. A Python based program was tailored to assist in raw data organisation. After this automated step, a 3D surface computation renders the final result within minutes. This single‐image representation can also be integrated with complementary information (sedimentary logs or other features of interest) for contrast and/or comparison in multi‐proxy studies. The proposed approach was tested on a set of 81 bulk and clay‐fraction diffractograms (intensity in counts per second—cps and respective angle—º2Ɵ) obtained from a Cenomanian mixed carbonate–siliciclastic stratigraphic succession, here explored by combining mineralogical (XY) and stratigraphic/geological information (Z). The main goal is to bypass preliminary data treatment, avoid time‐consuming interpretation and unintended, but common, user‐induced bias. Advantages of 3D modelling include fast processing and single‐image solutions for large volumes of XRD data, combining mineralogical and stratigraphic information. This representation adds value by incorporating field (stratigraphic/sedimentological) information that complements and contextualises obtained mineralogical data. Limitations of using raw intensity data were evaluated by comparison with the results obtained via other standard data interpretation methods (e.g. semi‐quantitative estimation). A visual and statistical contrast comparison confirmed a good equilibrium between computation speed and precision/utility of the final output.
The taxonomic structure but not the functioning of riparian herbaceous communities varies with hydrological conditions on a large, highly regulated river: Evidence from a 2‐year replicated study
Authors: Janssen Philippe , Piégay Hervé , Evette André
Published: January 2022

Riparian vegetation encompasses dynamic communities structured by strong environmental gradients. Due to anthropogenic changes, a greater uniformity of environmental conditions is observed along local gradients. To maintain diverse and functional communities in regulated rivers, there is an urgent need to finely characterize the factors controlling the spatial and temporal dynamics of riparian vegetation. In the summer of 2017 and 2019, we repeatedly sampled eight gravel bars along the regulated Rhône River. Using a taxonomic and functional approach, we assessed whether the diversity and composition of species and traits varied between the 2 years at the corridor and site scales. Taxonomic diversity decreased and composition changed between years, while functional diversity and composition did not. Specifically, we showed that variation in taxonomic diversity was largely limited to species sharing the same trait values, suggesting some functional resilience of riparian communities to environmental changes. In addition, we found that changes between the 2 years concerned primarily the communities established on low‐lying bars made up of coarse‐grained sediments, more frequently and intensely inundated. Beyond being the most responsive to environmental changes, these riparian communities were also the most diverse in species and trait values. However, by inducing a strong decrease in diversity, fine sedimentation seems to be a major threat to the functional and ecological integrity of gravel bars. Overall, these results highlight the conservation priority of low‐lying gravel surfaces and the need to promote more morphologically complex riparian habitats by renaturalizing flow variability and sediment regimes.
Chasing Polycyclic Natural Products: 5/6/5‐ or 5/6/6‐Carbotricyclic Scaffold Construction via Stereodivergent Diels‐Alder Reaction of Chiral Hydrindanes and Their Boron Complexes
Authors: Stöckl Yannick , Fellmeth Thomas , Bauer Florian , Wank Bianca , Frey Wolfgang , Claasen Birgit , Zens Anna , Köhn Andreas , Laschat Sabine
Published: January 2022

Chiral trans‐hydrindanes (bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes) are important building blocks of polycyclic natural products. In order to access 5/6/5‐ and 5/6/6‐carbotricyclic scaffolds scope and limitation of [4+2] cycloadditions of tetrahydroindanones with various dienes were studied. Cyclopentadiene gave a tetracylic endo‐(R,R)‐diastereomer under acid‐catalysis, whereas thermal conditions provided the endo‐(S,S)‐diastereomer with the opposite diastereofacial selectivity. The stereodivergent outcome was rationalized by high‐level quantum‐chemical computations which revealed the acid‐catalysis to be a kinetically controlled reaction and the thermal cycloaddition to be under thermodynamic control. Stereochemical assignment of the cycloadducts was facilitated by conversion of the 1,3‐dicarbonyls with BF3 ⋅ OEt2 into BF2‐chelate complexes. Subsequent thermal Diels‐Alder reaction of BF2‐ or BBN‐chelates (from 9‐BBN‐OTf) gave endo/exo‐mixtures of the (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐diastereomers, while more elevated temperatures yielded primarily the endo/exo‐(S,S)‐diastereomers. Thermal [4+2] cycloadditions with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene proceeded with lower diastereoselectivity as the reaction was kinetically controlled according to calculations. Attempted Diels‐Alder‐reactions with furan gave furyl‐substituted indanones rather than cycloadducts.
Rainfall‐induced landslide inventories for Lower Mekong based on Planet imagery and a semi‐automatic mapping method
Authors: Amatya Pukar , Kirschbaum Dalia , Stanley Thomas
Published: January 2022

Fatal landslides occur every year during the rainy season (June–November) in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR). There is an urgent need to develop a landslide early warning system in the LMR. In collaboration with the Asian Disasters Preparedness Center and NASA’s SERVIR Programme, we are regionalizing the global Landslide Hazard Assessment System for Situational Awareness model for the LMR (LHASA‐Mekong). A robust set of landslide inventories are needed to effectively train the machine learning‐based LHASA‐Mekong model. In this study, the Semi‐Automatic Landslide Detection (SALaD) system was modified by incorporating a change detection module (SALaD‐CD) to produce rainfall event‐based landslide inventories using pre‐ and post‐imagery from RapidEye and PlanetScope for various locations in the LMR that were identified based on media and government reports. These rainfall‐induced landslides are published as initiation points for ease of use. In total, we created 22 inventories: 2 in Laos, 4 in Myanmar, 1 in Thailand and 15 in Vietnam. These inventories are being used to train the LHASA‐Mekong model and quantify the effects of Land use/Land cover change on landslide susceptibility. These open data will be a valuable resource for advancing landslide studies in this region.
Vertical integration in the Australian community care setting: Can it work? A theoretical review of current literature
Authors: Young Sarah , Swarts Kevin , Prior Sarah J. , Doherty Douglass , Campbell Steven J.
Published: January 2022

Vertical integration (VI) is considered a strategic management plan whereby an organisation has ownership of its supply chain. It is utilised as a method for managing the economic needs and approaches of an organisation and ensuring that a product is readily available for use. From a healthcare perspective, this pertains to the coordination of services or levels of care and allows for adaptation to changing circumstances. This study reviews existing literature on VI in a healthcare setting to assess feasibility and effectiveness of this proposed solution. A theoretical literature review was performed utilising conceptual categorisation to understand how VI may benefit community care organisations, using the needs of a local organisation as an example. Seventeen articles were included from a range of databases and grey literature with findings categorised according to two research questions. The findings suggest that for VI to be effective and efficient it is important to consider the following themes: market failure, barriers to entry, productive capabilities and specific healthcare issues. In conclusion, from a management and economic perspective, when markets are not functioning efficiently and are in disequilibrium, VI may provide an appropriate avenue to address these problems, in particular for community care organisations.
Thermal radiation and magnetic field effects on squeezing motion analysis for Cu–kerosene and Cu–water nanofluids
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Prakash Om , Ganji Davood Domiri , Rao Pentyala Srinivasa , Mishra Satyaranjan
Published: January 2022

This article examines the squeezing motion of Cu–kerosene and Cu–water nanofluids with thermal radiation and magnetic field between two parallel sheets. By appropriate transformation, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta technique. The motion characteristics have been examined with graphs by relevant parameters. It is observed that fluid temperature reduces if squeezing parameter, thermal radiation, and Hartmann number increases, but fluid temperature improves if nanoparticle volume fraction, Eckert number, and Prandtl number increases and it is observed that liquid momentum improves if the squeezing parameter increases, but fluid velocity reduces if nanoparticle volume fraction and Hartmann number increases.
Inclined magnetic dipole and nanoscale energy exchange with infinite shear rate viscosity of 3D radiative cross nanofluid
Authors: Darvesh Adil , Altamirano Gilder Cieza
Published: January 2022

Working nanoliquids are used in bionomical concerns and to enhance the energy in the refrigeration system. The unique thermophysical characteristics of nanoliquids made nanoscience interesting and beneficial for fields of engineering, medical, and industry with real applications, like, food science, employing nanoparticles to deliver drugs, food microbiology, detection of foodborne pathogens, detection of foodborne pathogens, electronic device cooling, controlling fusion, magnetic cell separation, cancer therapeutics, nanocryosurgery, and so forth. The aim of this study is to deliver a broad analysis on nanoscale energy exchange and inclined magnetic dipole impact with the mathematical model of cross nanofluid. Scrutiny of movement of fluid is made by placing the magnetic dipole and buoyancy force. Transport of energy is investigated by thermal radiation, nonuniform heat sink–source while checking of mass transfer facts of activation energy and the chemical process is taken into consideration. Moreover, the nanostructured concepts of thermophoresis and Brownian movement along with zero‐mass flux constraint are also utilized for the comprehensiveness of this study. Mathematical relations of cross nanofluid are processed with similarity transformation, shooting methodology, and bvp4c Matlab procedure is rehearsed to get the numerical results of this attempt.
Energetic and exergetic investigation of single slope solar still with sponge and circular hollow fins at different water depths
Authors: Pathak Piyush Kumar , Raj Gaurav , Chandra Prakash
Published: January 2022

In this investigation, the experimental analysis of single slope solar still (SSSS) using hollow pin fins and sponge is done. The analysis of a SSSS using various sizes of water depth located in the basin was investigated based on energy and exergy analysis. The performance was estimated for the different water depths such as 15, 30, and 45 mm in basin. Four types are considered, type 1: traditional solar still (TSS), type 2: TSS with sponge, type 3: TSS with circular hollow fins and type 4: TSS with sponge and circular hollow fins. The effects of the sponge, water depth and the use of hollow pin fins were also examined. The performance was estimated for the variation of water depth such as 15, 30, and 45 mm in basin. The energy efficiency of Type 4 (TSS with sponge and circular hollow fins) is 20% higher than that of Type 3 (TSS with circular hollow fins), 38.47% higher than that of Type 2 (TSS with sponge) and 79.98% higher than that of Type 1 (TSS).
Individual differences and the relationship between education and religiosity in longitudinal versus cross‐sectional studies
Authors: Ganzach Yoav
Published: January 2022

We show that the relationship between education and religiosity is positive in cross‐sectional analyses and negative in longitudinal analyses. We explain this discrepancy by suggesting that the former relationship is due to the positive association of both education and religiosity with dispositional conformity, while the latter represents a causal effect of education on apostasy.
Covalent organic frameworks: Design and applications in electrochemical energy storage devices
Authors: Jin Shikai , Allam Omar , Jang Seung Soon , Lee Seung Woo
Published: January 2022

As an emerging class of crystalline organic material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess uniform porosity, versatile functionality, and precise control over designated structures. Aside from the favorable charge and mass transport pathways offered by the porous framework, COFs can also exhibit designed reversible redox activity. In the past few years, their potential has attracted a great deal of attention for charge storage and transport applications in various electrochemical energy storage devices, and numerous design strategies have been proposed to enhance the corresponding electrochemical properties. This review summarizes the working principle and synthesis methods of COFs and discusses significant findings for supercapacitors and various rechargeable battery systems, emphasizing the representative design strategies and their underlying relationship with electrochemical performances. In addition, key advances achieved by computations are highlighted along with the challenges and prospects in this field.

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Information is everywhere
Authors: Hao Jianhua
Published: January 2022

The saying “information is everywhere” is not just true of the real world, but also applicable to materials science. The field encompassed by the term “information” spreads across multiple disciplines, from physical science to technology and industrial manufacturing. In order to implement the new scope of our journal, we invite scientists in a wide range of research disciplines to communicate their findings and insightful opinions on our high‐quality platform.
Interinstitutional simulation of patients with COVID‐19 during a remote acute‐care advanced pharmacy practice experience
Authors: Perry Michael W. , Kobulinsky Lawrence R. , Seybert Amy L. , Kreider Madeline S. , Williams Victoria , Smithburger Pamela L.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Faculty and staff from Duquesne University and the University of Pittsburgh Schools of Pharmacy created a simulation activity focused on the care of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Students on remote, short‐term‐care advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE) rotations from both universities worked in comingled teams and completed two educational electronic health record reviews, complex simulation sessions, and debriefs. Individually, students completed two educational electronic health record reviews and verbal patient presentations before and after the simulation sessions.

Objectives

Evaluate the effects of a simulation activity during a remote short‐term‐care APPE on student confidence and knowledge surrounding the care of a critically ill patient with COVID‐19.

Methods

Student knowledge surrounding COVID‐19 short‐term‐care treatment principles was assessed through pre‐/postcase‐based multiple‐choice examinations and an intermittent clinical examination (ICE). Student confidence and perceptions were gathered through anonymous pre‐/postsurveys. The written examination and patient presentation recordings were compared from baseline to the final assessment using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

In total, 92 students participated in the activity. There was a statistically significant improvement from baseline to the final assessment (preassessment median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 55.3% [50%‐60.5%]; postassessment median [IQR]: 68.4 [60.5%‐73.7%]; P < .001) on the written examination. ICE total scores improved from baseline (preassessment median [range]: 33 [28‐36] vs postassessment median [range]: 36.5 [29.5‐43.52]; P = .004) as well as the objective (P < .001), plan (P < .001), and monitoring (P < .001) subdomain scores. Student confidence reported on surveys improved from baseline in all domains.

Conclusion

Remote simulation sessions improve student knowledge and confidence and provide an opportunity for students to experience caring for patients with COVID‐19 in a safe environment. Collaboration between schools of pharmacy can be successfully employed to leverage resources and expertise to expand opportunities for students.
Mesoporous chitosan/activated charcoal powder and bead modified in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate for the adsorption of acid blue 25 from an aqueous solution
Authors: Saheed Ismaila Olalekan , Oh Wen‐Da , Latip Ahmad Faiz Abdul , Suah Faiz Bukhari Mohd
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

A green synthesis approach involving 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate (BmimA) medium was utilised to prepare mesoporous chitosan/activated charcoal composite powder (ChA) and bead (ChB) for the removal of acid blue 25 (AB25) dye from aqueous solution. The composite’s characteristics were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The influence of initial concentration of the dye, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption and the composite’s stability in acidic and basic solutions was also examined.

RESULTS

FTIR revealed that chitosan and activated charcoal were connected through O H, N  H, CO and C═O, while AB25 adhered to ChA and ChB through the hydroxyl and amino functional groups. SEM images of ChA and ChB revealed rough‐like surfaces with randomly distributed pores. BET analysis revealed that ChA and ChB are mesoporous, with pore sizes of 2.18 and 2.26 nm. The composites were stable in acidic and basic solutions, and adsorption of AB25 onto the adsorbents was more effective at pH 2. Regeneration of the adsorbents was also influential in NaOH solution. The amount of BmimA used in the composite’s preparation has limited influence on the effectiveness of ChA and ChB for AB25 uptake. The adsorption is best described by Langmuir isotherm in both ChA and ChB with qmax of 3030.3 and 3703.7 mg g−1 respectively, although ChB also conforms to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption kinetics fitted well into the pseudo‐second‐order model.

CONCLUSION

The prepared modified chitosan/activated charcoal powder and bead were able to adsorb the AB25 dye better than other chitosan‐based materials. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Risk assessment and genetic counseling for Lynch syndrome – Practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors and the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Holter Spring , Hall Michael J. , Hampel Heather , Jasperson Kory , Kupfer Sonia S. , Larsen Haidle Joy , Mork Maureen E. , Palaniapppan Selvi , Senter Leigha , Stoffel Elena M. , Weissman Scott M. , Yurgelun Matthew B.
Published: January 2022

Identifying individuals who have Lynch syndrome involves a complex diagnostic workup that includes taking a detailed family history and a combination of various tests such as immunohistochemistry and/or molecular which may be germline and/or somatic. The National Society of Genetic Counselors and the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer have come together to publish this practice resource for the evaluation of Lynch syndrome. The purpose of this practice resource was to provide guidance and a testing algorithm for Lynch syndrome as well as recommendations on when to offer testing. This practice resource does not replace a consultation with a genetics professional. This practice resource includes explanations in support of this and a summary of background data. While this practice resource is not intended to serve as a review of Lynch syndrome, it includes a discussion of background information and cites a number of key publications which should be reviewed for a more in‐depth understanding. This practice resource is intended for genetic counselors, geneticists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, obstetricians and gynecologists, nurses, and other healthcare providers who evaluate patients for Lynch syndrome.
Unraveling the direct and indirect effects of entrepreneurial education and mindset on entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of entrepreneurial passion
Authors: Liao Ying‐Kai , Nguyen Vu Huu Anh , Chi Hsin‐Kuang , Nguyen Hieu Huu
Published: January 2022

This study uses the theory of planned behavior, and social cognitive career theory, to examine the effect of entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial mindset, and cognitive mediators on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial competencies. Adopting a cross‐sectional design, it uses data from 290 university students, from a variety of academic backgrounds, to test several hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results show that entrepreneurial education and cognitive mediators are critical for stimulating entrepreneurial behavior. The results also show that entrepreneurial mindset is formed from entrepreneurial education, and that it plays a vital role in driving entrepreneurial intention. Finally, our results indicate that entrepreneurial passion is a moderator that shapes self‐efficacy and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. These findings offer insights that could act as a reference point for academicians, educators, or anyone else who engages in creating or expanding knowledge related to entrepreneurship.
Can Imaging Predict Hearing Outcomes in Children With Cochleovestibular Nerve Abnormalities?
Authors: Kari Elina , Gillard Danielle M. , Chuang Nathaniel , Go John L.
Published: January 2022

Objectives/Hypothesis

To identify the imaging characteristics associated with better hearing outcomes found in cochleovestibular nerve (CVN) abnormalities treated with hearing aids and/or cochlear implantation (CI).

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken of 69 ears with CVN abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) treated at a tertiary referral academic center analyzing the clinical features, imaging characteristics, and hearing data. We searched for associations among the hearing and imaging data, hypothesizing that the imaging data was not a good indicator of hearing function.

Results

In univariable analysis of all those who underwent aided testing (hearing aid and CI), health status (P = .016), internal auditory canal (IAC) midpoint diameter (P < .001), and number of nerves in the IAC (P < .001) were predictors of positive hearing outcome. Modiolar abnormalities, cochlear aperture diameter, cochlear malformations, vestibular malformations, and nerves in the cerebellar cistern did not predict hearing outcome (P = .79, .18, .59, .09, .17, respectively). For patients who received CI, health status (P = .018), IAC midpoint (P = .024), and number of nerves in the IAC (P = .038) were significant. When controlling for health status, IAC midpoint diameter (P < .001) and number of nerves in the IAC (P < .001) remained significant. In our cohort, one out of the eight ears (13%) with Birman class 0 or 1 exhibited responses to sound compared to nine out of 13 ears (70%) with Birman class 2–4.

Conclusions

Current imaging modalities cannot accurately depict the status of the cochleovestibular nerve or predict a child's benefit with a CI. Cochlear implantation should be considered in children with abnormal cochleovestibular nerves.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S15, 2022
Induction of Stereocomplex Crystallization in Poly(l‐lactide)/Poly(d‐lactide) Blends with High Molecular Weight by Halloysite Nanotubes
Authors: Wei Yafei , Tian Yang , Tian Xiujuan , Fu Zhenjiang , Zhao Lifen
Published: January 2022

The stereocomplex crystal (SC) in poly(l‐lactide)/poly(d‐lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends provide great opportunities to enhance the performance of PLA materials. Unfortunately, obtaining the SC in high‐molecular‐weight (PLLA/PDLA) blends is still a challenge. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are used to induce the crystallization of SC in PLA with a high molecular weight. By investigating the non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of PLLA/PDLA/HNTs, it is demonstrated that HNTs promote SC growth over homocrystal (HC). According to the investigations of crystallization morphologies and molecular interactions, it is deduced that weak interactions between HNTs and PLA induced the accumulation of PLLA and PDLA, and the high lattice matching promoted the growth of SC. This would encourage the usage of SC crystals in PLA samples in the industry.
AM‐modulus and Hausdorff measure of codimension one in metric measure spaces
Authors: Honzlová‐Exnerová Vendula , Malý Jan , Martio Olli
Published: January 2022

Let be the family of all paths which meet a setEin the metric measure spaceX. The set function defines the ‐modulus measure inXwhere refers to the approximation modulus [22]. We compare to the Hausdorff measure of codimension one inXand show thatfor Suslin setsEinX. This leads to a new characterization of sets of finite perimeter inXin terms of the ‐modulus. We also study the level sets of functions and show that for a.e.tthese sets have finite ‐measure. Most of the results are new also in .
The stability of hypersurfaces with constant shifted k‐th mean curvature
Authors: Chen Yimin , Li Haizhong
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we prove the rigidity for the compact stable hypersurfaces with constant shifted k‐th curvature in hyperbolic spaces.
Optimal purchase planning of initial emission permits with the paid use and trading system based on mean–variance model
Authors: Jin Shuai , Niu Yifei , Zhao Liuwei
Published: January 2022

The paid use and trading of emission permits system are a major mechanistic innovation in the field of environmental resources management in China. In this system, manufacturers must purchase emission permits on the primary market under the precondition that the purchase ceiling and price will be determined by the government; subsequently, they may trade emission permits with other manufacturers on the secondary market subject to established rules. This inevitably leads to uncertainty regarding the emissions trading price on the secondary market, while the manufacturer is making the initial purchase decision; it highlights the need to investigate optimal purchase planning solutions under conditions of uncertainty from the perspective of production optimisation. This paper examines the manufacturer's random profit function, as well as its mean and variance, under uncertain emission trading prices. Using the mean–variance framework, an optimisation model with differentiated decision objectives is established. Accordingly, the manufacturer's optimal initial purchase planning approach is demonstrated with respect to each decision objective. The conclusions demonstrate that when the manufacturer exhibits risk preference, the optimal purchase planning process may systematically deviate from the risk‐neutral approach.
Adenosine A2A Receptor Occupancy by Caffeine After Coffee Intake in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ishibashi Kenji , Miura Yoshiharu , Wagatsuma Kei , Toyohara Jun , Ishiwata Kiichi , Ishii Kenji
Published: January 2022

Background

Coffee intake can decrease the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). Its beneficial effects are allegedly mediated by caffeine through adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist action.

Objective

We aimed to calculate occupancy rates of striatal A2ARs by caffeine after coffee intake in PD.

Methods

Five patients with PD underwent 11C‐preladenant positron emission tomography scanning at baseline and after intake of coffee containing 129.5 mg (n = 3) or 259 mg (n = 2) of caffeine. Concurrently, serum caffeine levels were measured.

Results

The mean serum caffeine level (μg/mL) was 0.374 at baseline and increased to 4.48 and 8.92 by 129.5 and 259 mg of caffeine, respectively. The mean occupancy rates of striatal A2ARs by 129.5 and 259 mg of caffeine were 54.2% and 65.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

A sufficient A2AR occupancy can be obtained by drinking a cup of coffee, which is equivalent to approximately 100 mg of caffeine. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Dominant follicle and gonadotropin dynamics before ovulation in postpartum lactating mares
Authors: Gastal Melba O. , Pastorello Marilia , B. Godoi Daniel , L. Gastal Eduardo
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the dominant follicle (DF) and gonadotropin dynamics for 9 days before ovulation in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) versus non‐postpartum cycling (N‐PP Cycling) mares. Every PP Lactating mare on the day of parturition was paired with a N‐PP Cycling mare, and the data analyses considered the partum‐ovulation interval (POI) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI) in PP Lactating mares and two interovulatory intervals in N‐PP Cycling mares. The results of the present study revealed several novel and unique aspects of DF development and FSH and LH dynamics before ovulation in PP Lactating mares when compared with N‐PP Cycling mares. The most remarkable differences between both groups of mares were the following: (1) a shorter interval to ovulation in PP Lactating mares during the foal heat (POI ≤22 days) compared with all other intervals; (2) a larger DF in PP Lactating mares, and an earlier day of DF at maximum diameter during the foal heat; and (3) lower gonadotropin levels in PP Lactating mares. Regarding the particularities, PP Lactating mares had lower LH levels during the POI than the PPIOI, demonstrating a strong partum effect; spring‐foaled mares had longer POIs, larger DF diameters, and lower LH levels; and lower body condition scores and higher body‐weight loss led to longer POIs and smaller DF diameters in PP Lactating mares. This study contributes to a broad understanding of ovarian function in the postpartum mare.
A network approach for managing ecosystem services and improving food and nutrition security on smallholder farms
Authors: Timberlake Thomas P. , Cirtwill Alyssa R. , Baral Sushil C. , Bhusal Daya R. , Devkota Kedar , Harris‐Fry Helen A. , Kortsch Susanne , Myers Samuel S. , Roslin Tomas , Saville Naomi M. , Smith Matthew R. , Strona Giovanni , Memmott Jane
Published: January 2022

Smallholder farmers are some of the poorest and most food insecure people on Earth. Their high nutritional and economic reliance on home‐grown produce makes them particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors such as pollinator loss or climate change which threaten agricultural productivity. Improving smallholder agriculture in a way that is environmentally sustainable and resilient to climate change is a key challenge of the 21st century.

Ecological intensification, whereby ecosystem services are managed to increase agricultural productivity, is a promising solution for smallholders. However, smallholder farms are complex socio‐ecological systems with a range of social, ecological and environmental factors interacting to influence ecosystem service provisioning. To truly understand the functioning of a smallholder farm and identify the most effective management options to support household food and nutrition security, a holistic, systems‐based understanding is required.

In this paper, we propose a network approach to understand, visualise and model the complex interactions occurring among wild species, crops and people on smallholder farms. Specifically, we demonstrate how networks may be used to (a) identify wild species with a key role in supporting, delivering or increasing the resilience of an ecosystem service; (b) quantify the value of an ecosystem service in a way that is relevant to the food and nutrition security of smallholders; and (c) understand the social interactions that influence the management of shared ecosystem services.

Using a case study based on data from rural Nepal, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to connect wild plants, pollinators and crops to key nutrients consumed by humans. This allows us to quantify the nutritional value of an ecosystem service and identify the wild plants and pollinators involved in its provision, as well as providing a framework to predict the effects of environmental change on human nutrition.

Our framework identifies mechanistic links between ecosystem services and the nutrients consumed by smallholder farmers and highlights social factors that may influence the management of these services. Applying this framework to smallholder farms in a range of socio‐ecological contexts may provide new, sustainable and equitable solutions to smallholder food and nutrition security.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Amniotic fluid‐derived stem cell potential for therapeutic and surgical use: A review of the literature
Authors: Baughn Caroline , Campion Stephani , Elbabaa Samer
Published: January 2022

Objective

Spina bifida is a debilitating neutral tube defect affecting many infants. The impact and severity of spina bifida depends on whether the patient exhibits a closed defect, spina bifida occulta, or an open defect, spina bifida aperta. Patients with spina bifida have physical and mental disabilities which merit further research into less invasive, more successful treatments. In addition to serving as protection for the growing fetus and facilitating nutrient exchange, amniotic fluid (AF) is a rich source of a mixed population of stem cells. As such, in vitro culture of AF‐derived stem cells has shown promise among therapeutic and surgical applications. We present a critical evaluation of the current preclinical efforts, amniotic fluid‐derived stem cell (AFSC) culture process, and the subsequent therapeutic application, with a focus on improvements for spina bifida outcomes in the pediatric patient population.

Method

An evidence ‐ based literature review to investigate the current literature surrounding AFSC culture and use, with an emphasis on the benefits for spina bifida treatment.

Results

47 literature sources from PubMed and three studies from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Conclusion

This review synthesizes the current literature, which shows promising data on AFSC pluripotency, as well as successful in utero coverage from AFSC ‐ supported environments in a multitude of animal models.
Increasing resources for autism evaluation and support for under‐resourced schools through a state‐wide school telehealth initiative
Authors: Shahidullah Jeffrey D. , Brinster Meredith , Patel Puja , Cannady Mariel , Krishnan Ankita , Talebi Hani , Mani Nithya
Published: January 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability affecting 1 in 44 children nationally. Timely referral to intervention and support services for ASD has consistently demonstrated significant long‐term positive effects on symptoms and subsequent skills and family outcomes. This paper highlights a novel and innovative approach of short‐term consultations for best practices to ultimately increase access to timely ASD evaluations and support through a state‐wide school telehealth initiative. The goal of the initiative was to facilitate rapid access to ASD evaluation and support (within 2 weeks of referral in school‐age youth) among under‐resourced school systems in Central Texas. First, this paper provides background relative to current disparities that many children face when attempting to obtain ASD evaluations and support. Second, a statewide legislative response is described that created a mental health consortium targeting increased access to broad‐based mental health services and supports, particularly in underserved areas. Next, the Texas Child Health Access Through Telemedicine (TCHATT) program is outlined with a particular focus on day‐to‐day operationality and concentrated efforts to increase mental health literacy among school teams relative to ASD symptoms and co‐occurring behavioral health concerns. Year 1 utilization data metrics (September 2020–May 2021) and representative case examples are presented. Finally, early “lessons learned” and future directions are discussed.
A microfluidics‐dispensing‐printing strategy for Janus photonic crystal microspheres towards smart patterned displays
Authors: Li Guo‐Xing , Qu Xiao‐Wei , Hao Lu‐Wei , Li Qing , Chen Su
Published: January 2022

From the implementation point of view, the printable magnetic Janus colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) microspheres are highly desirable. Herein, we developed a dispensing‐printing strategy for magnetic Janus CPCs display via a microfluidics‐automatic printing system. Monodisperse core/shell colloidal particles and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles precursor serve as inks. Based on the equilibrium of three‐phase interfacial tensions, Janus structure is successfully formed, followed by UV irradiation and self‐assembly of colloid particle to generate magnetic Janus CPCs microspheres. Notably, this method shows distinct superiority with highly uniform Janus CPCs structure, where the TMPTA/Fe3O4 hemisphere is in the bottom side while CPCs hemisphere is in the top side. Thus, by using Janus CPCs microspheres with two different structural colors as pixel points, a pattern with red flower and green leaf is achieved. Moreover, 1D linear Janus CPCs pattern encapsulated by hydrogel is also fabricated. Both the color and the shape can be changed under the traction of magnets, showing great potentials in flexible smart displays. We believe this work not only offers a new feasible pathway to construct magnetic Janus CPCs patterns by a dispensing‐printable fashion, but also provides new opportunities for flexible and smart displays.
Chaotic Motion near Black Hole and Cosmological Horizons
Authors: Giataganas Dimitrios
Published: January 2022

It is known that certain types of particle motion near black hole horizons are chaotic while it has been proposed the existence of a universal bound for their Lyapunov exponent. We discuss the relation between chaos and inaffinity in presence of black hole and cosmological horizons. We argue that although a relation between the Lyapunov exponent and the generalized surface gravity appears naturally, in general there is no reason for the Lyapunov exponent of classical trajectories to be bounded in generic spacetimes with horizon. Moreover, we show that the de Sitter spacetime and cosmological horizons act as a nest of chaos in holography and we find that the Lyapunov exponent of the trajectories is related to the inaffinity in the same way for both cosmological and black hole horizons. This suggests that there is no distinction by the Lyapunov exponent between maximal chaos of black hole and cosmological horizons.
New insights into the role of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huang Keming , Luo Xianling , Zhong Yi , Deng Li , Feng Jian
Published: January 2022

Diabetic cardiovascular complications and impaired cardiac function are considered to be the main causes of death in diabetic patients worldwide, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin, as the main product secreted by the pineal gland, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes. Melatonin improves myocardial cell metabolism, reduces vascular endothelial cell death, reverses microcirculation disorders, reduces myocardial fibrosis, reduces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulates cell autophagy and apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function, all of which are the characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review focuses on the role of melatonin in DCM. We also discuss new molecular findings that might facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism. Finally, we propose potential new therapeutic strategies for patients with T2DM.
S‐Benzyl cysteine based cyclic dipeptide super hydrogelator: Enhancing efficacy of an anticancer drug via sustainable release
Authors: Ghosh Saswati , Nag Sayoni , Saha Krishna Das , Banerji Biswadip
Published: January 2022

Peptide‐based low molecular weight supramolecular hydrogels hold promising aspects in various fields of application especially in biomaterial and biomedical sciences such as drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, cell proliferation, and so on due to their extreme biocompatibility. Unlike linear peptides, cyclic peptides have more structural rigidity and tolerance to enzymatic degradation and high environmental stability which make them even better candidates for the above‐said applications. Herein, a new small cyclic dipeptide (CDP) cyclo‐(Leu‐S‐Bzl‐Cys) (P1) consisting of L‐leucine andS‐benzyl protected L‐cysteine was reported which formed a hydrogel at physiological conditions (at 37°C and pH = 7.46). The hydrogel formed from the cyclic dipeptide P1 showed very good tolerance towards environmental parameters such as pH and temperature and was seen to be stable for more than a year without any deformation. The hydrogel was thermoreversible and stable in the pH range 6–12. Mechanical strength of P1 hydrogel was measured by rheology experiments. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images revealed that, in aqueous solvents, P1 self‐assembled into a highly cross‐linked nanofibrillar network which immobilized water molecules inside the cages and formed the hydrogel. The self‐assembled cyclic dipeptide acquired the antiparallel β‐sheet secondary structure, which was evident from CD and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) studies. The β‐sheet arrangement and formation of amyloid fibrils were further established by ThT binding assay. Furthermore, P1 was able to form a hydrogel in the presence of the anticancer drug 5‐fluorouracil (5FU), and sustainable release of the drug from the hydrogel was measured in vitro. The hydrogelator P1 showed almost no cytotoxicity towards the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 up to a considerably high concentration and showed potential application in sustainable drug delivery. The co‐assembly of 5FU and P1 hydrogel exhibited much better anticancer activity towards the HCT116 cancer cell line than 5FU alone and decreased the IC50dose of 5FU to a much lower value.