bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Chloroplast Genome of Bamboo Species Pleioblastus ovatoauritus and Comparative Analysis of Pleioblastus from China and Japan
Authors: Peng Weihan , Wang Beibei , Shen Zhuolong , Guo Qirong
Published: May 2023

Pleioblastus ovatoauritus T.H.Wen ex W.Y.Zhang is bamboo species published in 2018, originated from and existing in southeastern China. The chloroplast genome of Pl. ovatoauritus was obtained using a high-throughput sequencing platform. The chloroplast genome is up to 139,708 bp in length and displays a typical quadripartite structure with one large single-copy region, one small single-copy region, and two inverted repeat regions. There are 82 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 39 tRNA genes in the plastome genome. However, the interspecific relationship of Pleioblastus species originated from China and Japan has not been revealed explicitly. To understand their relationship, data from four Chinese species and four Japanese species were selected to investigate the distinctions between their genome structures, codon usage patterns, and SSR sites. We moved forward to examine the sequence divergence and polymorphic sites between the eight species. Phylogenetic trees were then plotted using the maximum likelihood method based on different parts of the sequences. Obvious difference found in the JLB boundary and a split in the phylograms contributed to our decision to split Pleioblastus species of China and Japan into different clades. Moreover, taxonomy using the subgenera concept in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae proved untenable. Nine SSR primers for Pleioblastus genus were then developed from cp genomes, aimed at facilitating identification and germplasm investigation.
Engineered Bacillus subtilis for the Production of Tetramethylpyrazine,(R,R)-2,3-Butanediol and Acetoin
Authors: Shi Lin , Lin Yuan , Song Jiaao , Li Hongxing , Gao Yinhao , Lin Yonghong , Huang Xiaowen , Meng Wu , Qin Weishuai
Published: May 2023

2,3-Butanediol, acetoin and tetramethylpyrazine have a wide range of applications as important chemicals in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical fields. Bacillus subtilis has a very wide application potential in many industries as a food-safe grade strain and has a good performance as a potential strain for tetramethylpyrazine production. In this study, we constructed a recombinant plasmid with dual promoter to overexpress 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and introduced it into Bacillus subtilis BS2. The constructed strain (BS-ppb11) was then optimized for fermentation conditions, and the maximum concentration of 2,3-butanediol produced was 96.5 g/L, which was 36.4% higher than that of the original strain, in which the (R,R)-2,3-butanediol had a chiral purity of 94.7%. Meanwhile, BS-ppb11 produced a maximum concentration of 82.2 g/L acetoin, which was 36.7% higher than that of the original strain. Subsequently, through optimization of metabolic conditions, BS-ppb11 produced 34.8 g/L of tetramethylpyrazine in staged batch replenishment fermentation, which was 95.5% higher than the original strain and was the highest ferritin production reported to date for Bacillus subtilis. In addition, we introduced a photocatalytic coenzyme regeneration system in BS-ppb11 to further improve the metabolic yield of 2,3-butanediol by regulating cofactor homeostasis, which laid the foundation for the subsequent in-depth study of the related mechanism.
Exploring Factors and Impact of Blockchain Technology in the Food Supply Chains: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Mohammed Abubakar , Potdar Vidyasagar , Quaddus Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Blockchain technology (BCT) has been proven to have the potential to transform food supply chains (FSCs) based on its potential benefits. BCT promises to improve food supply chain processes. Despite its several benefits, little is known about the factors that drive blockchain adoption within the food supply chain and the impact of blockchain technology on the food supply chain, as empirical evidence is scarce. This study, therefore, explores factors, impacts and challenges of blockchain adoption in the FSC. The study adopts an exploratory qualitative interview approach. The data consist of Twenty-one interviews which were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques in NVivo (v12), resulting in identifying nine factors classified under three broad categories (Technology—complexity, compatibility, cost; Organization—organization size, knowledge; Environment—government support, competitive pressure, standardization, and compliance) as the most significant factors driving blockchain adoption in the FSC. In addition, five impacts were identified (visibility, performance, efficiency, trust, and value creation) to blockchain technology adoption. This study also identifies significant challenges of blockchain technology (interoperability, privacy, infrastructure conditions, and lack of knowledge). Based on the findings, the study developed a conceptual framework for blockchain adoption in food supply chains. The study adds to the corpus of knowledge by illuminating the adoption of blockchain technology and its effects on food supply chains and by giving the industry evidence-based guidance for developing its blockchain plans. The study provides full insights and awareness of blockchain adoption challenges among executives, supply chain organizations, and governmental agencies.
Microwave-Triggered 4D Automatic Color Change in 3D-Printed Food Materials Incorporating Natural Pigments
Authors: Zhu Yaolei , Liu Zhenbin , Zhang Xiaofan , He Chaojun , Zhang Xinxin
Published: May 2023

The feasibility of using microwaves to quickly stimulate automatic color change in 3D-printed food containing curcumin or anthocyanins was studied. Firstly, with a dual-nozzle 3D printer, stacked structures included mashed potatoes (MPs, upper part, containing anthocyanins) and lemon juice–starch gel (LJSG, lower part) were 3D-printed and post-treated using a microwave. The results indicated that the viscosity and gel strength (indicated by the elastic modulus (G′) and complex modulus (G*)) of LJSG were improved with the increase in starch concentration, while water mobility was reduced. During microwave post-treatment, the color change speed was negatively correlated with the gel strength but positively correlated with the diffusion of H+ and anthocyanin concentration. Secondly, nested structures were 3D-printed using MPs containing curcumin emulsion and baking soda (NaHCO3). During microwave post-treatment, the curcumin emulsion structure was destroyed, and NaHCO3 was decomposed, along with an increase in alkalinity; thus, the automatic color change was achieved with the automated presentation of hidden information. This study suggests that 4D printing could enable the creation of colorful and attractive food structures using a household microwave oven, leading to more imaginative solutions regarding personalized foods, which may be particularly important to people with poor appetites.
Influence of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Structural Network Attributes of Wheat Flour and Respective Dough
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jehanzaib , Jovicic Vojislav , Zbogar-Rasic Ana , Zettel Viktoria , Delgado Antonio , Hitzmann Bernd
Published: May 2023

Due to its “generally recognized as safe status” (GRAS) and moderate treatment temperatures, non-thermal plasma (NTP) has lately been considered a suitable replacement for chemicals in the modification of food properties and for preserving food quality. One of the promising areas for the application of NTP is the treatment of wheat flour, leading to improved flour properties and product quality and consequently to higher customer satisfaction. In the present research, the German wheat flour type 550, equivalent to all-purpose flour, was treated using NTP in a rotational reactor to determine the influence of short treatment times (≤5 min) on the properties of flour (moisture and fat content, protein, starch, color, microbial activity, and enzymes), dough (visco-elastic properties, starch, wet and dry gluten, and water absorption), and baking products (color, freshness, baked volume, crumb structure, softness, and elasticity). Based on the properties of NTP, it was expected that even very short treatment times would have a significant effect on the flour particles, which could positively affect the quality of the final baking product. Overall, the experimental analysis showed a positive effect of NTP treatment of wheat flour, e.g., decreased water activity value (<0.7), which is known to positively affect flour stability and product shelf life; dough stability increased (>8% after 5 min. treatment); dough extensibility increased (ca. 30% after 3 min treatment); etc. Regarding the baking product, further positive effects were detected, e.g., enhanced product volume (>9%), improved crumb whiteness/decreased crumb yellowness, softening of breadcrumb without a change in elasticity, and limited microorganism and enzymatic activity. Furthermore, no negative effects on the product quality were observed, even though further food quality tests are required. The presented experimental research confirms the overall positive influence of NTP treatment, even for very low treatment times, on wheat flour and its products. The presented findings are significant for the potential implementation of this technique on an industrial level.
Generalized ρ-Almost Periodic Sequences and Applications
Authors: Kostić Marko , Chaouchi Belkacem , Du Wei-Shih , Velinov Daniel
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we analyze the Bohr ρ-almost periodic type sequences and the generalized ρ-almost periodic type sequences of the form F:I×X→Y, where ∅≠I⊆Zn, X and Y are complex Banach spaces and ρ is a general binary relation on Y. We provide many structural results, observations and open problems about the introduced classes of ρ-almost periodic sequences. Certain applications of the established theoretical results to the abstract Volterra integro-difference equations are also given.
Comparing Charging Management Strategies for a Charging Station in a Parking Area in North Italy
Authors: Andrenacci Natascia , Caputo Giampaolo , Balog Irena
Published: May 2023

Via the analysis of a set of parking and journey information for vehicles traveling to the parking site at the University of Brescia (Italy), we evaluated the possibility of managing the electric recharging of these vehicles, which are hypothesized to be electric. The paper investigates charging optimization techniques that can limit the charge power peaks and distribute the energy demand throughout the day. A cost assessment for an auxiliary system consisting of a photovoltaic energy source (PV) and battery stationary storage (BSS) is also carried out. Optimal power management at the station with PV and BSS is introduced, and the performance of two feedback controllers based on the optimized results is compared with that of a real-time management algorithm in the presence of randomness in charging requests and insolation. The results show that the BSS degradation cost plays a primary role in determining the strategy to adopt to minimize the operating expenditure of a charging station.
Coinage Metals Doped ZnO Obtained by Sol-Gel Method—A Brief Review
Authors: Vlăduț Cristina Maria , Mocioiu Oana-Cătălina , Soare Elena Mirabela
Published: May 2023

ZnO is one of the most studied oxides due to its nontoxic nature and remarkable properties. It has antibacterial and UV-protection properties, high thermal conductivity, and high refractive index. Various ways have been used to synthesize and fabricate coinage metals doped ZnO, but the sol-gel technique has received a lot of interest because of its safety, low cost, and facile deposition equipment. Coinage metals are represented by the three nonradioactive elements of group 11 of the periodic table: gold, silver, and copper. This paper, which was motivated by the lack of reviews on the topic, provides a summary of the synthesis of Cu, Ag, and Au-doped ZnO nanostructures with an emphasis on the sol-gel process and identifies the numerous factors that affect the morphological, structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of the produced materials. This is accomplished by tabulating and discussing a summary of a number of parameters and applications that were published in the existing literature over the previous five years (2017–2022). The main applications being pursued involve biomaterials, photocatalysts, energy storage materials, and microelectronics. This review ought to serve as a helpful reference point for researchers looking into the many physicochemical characteristics of coinage metals doped ZnO, as well as how these characteristics vary according to the conditions under which experiments are conducted.
Microbial Polysaccharide-Based Formulation with Silica Nanoparticles; A New Hydrogel Nanocomposite for 3D Printing
Authors: Marin Maria Minodora , Gifu Ioana Catalina , Pircalabioru Gratiela Gradisteanu , Albu Kaya Madalina , Constantinescu Rodica Roxana , Alexa Rebeca Leu , Trica Bogdan , Alexandrescu Elvira , Nistor Cristina Lavinia , Petcu Cristian , Ianchis Raluca
Published: May 2023

Natural polysaccharides are highly attractive biopolymers recommended for medical applications due to their low cytotoxicity and hydrophilicity. Polysaccharides and their derivatives are also suitable for additive manufacturing, a process in which various customized geometries of 3D structures/scaffolds can be achieved. Polysaccharide-based hydrogel materials are widely used in 3D hydrogel printing of tissue substitutes. In this context, our goal was to obtain printable hydrogel nanocomposites by adding silica nanoparticles to a microbial polysaccharide’s polymer network. Several amounts of silica nanoparticles were added to the biopolymer, and their effects on the morpho-structural characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite hydrogel inks and subsequent 3D printed constructs were studied. FTIR, TGA, and microscopy analysis were used to investigate the resulting crosslinked structures. Assessment of the swelling characteristics and mechanical stability of the nanocomposite materials in a wet state was also conducted. The salecan-based hydrogels displayed excellent biocompatibility and could be employed for biomedical purposes, according to the results of the MTT, LDH, and Live/Dead tests. The innovative, crosslinked, nanocomposite materials are recommended for use in regenerative medicine.
ITGAM rs1143679 Variant in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Associated with Increased Serum Calcification Propensity
Authors: Halfon Matthieu , Zhang Li , Ehirchiou Driss , Pandian Vishnuprabu Durairaj , Dahdal Suzan , Huynh-Do Uyen , Pasch Andreas , Ribi Camillo , Busso Nathalie
Published: May 2023

Objectives: CD11B/ITGAM (Integrin Subunit α M) mediates the adhesion of monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes and promotes the phagocytosis of complement-coated particles. Variants of the ITGAM gene are candidates for genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SNP rs1143679 (R77H) of CD11B particularly increases the risk of developing SLE. Deficiency of CD11B is linked to premature extra-osseous calcification, as seen in the cartilage of animals with osteoarthritis. Serum calcification propensity measured by the T50 test is a surrogate marker for systemic calcification and reflects increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. We aimed to assess whether the CD11B R77H gene variant is associated with a higher serum calcification propensity (i.e., a lower T50 value) in SLE patients compared to the wild-type allele (WT). Methods: Cross-sectional study incorporating adults with SLE genotyped for the CD11B variant R77H and assessed for serum calcification propensity with the T50 method. Participants were included in a multicenter trans-disciplinary cohort and fulfilled the 1997 revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE. We used descriptive statistics for comparing baseline characteristics and sequential T50 measurements in subjects with the R77H variant vs. WT CD11B. Results: Of the 167 patients, 108 (65%) were G/G (WT), 53 (32%) were G/A heterozygous, and 6 (3%) were A/A homozygous for the R77H variant. A/A patients cumulated more ACR criteria upon inclusion (7 ± 2 vs. 5 ± 1 in G/G and G/A; p = 0.02). There were no differences between the groups in terms of global disease activity, kidney involvement, and chronic renal failure. Complement C3 levels were lower in A/A individuals compared to others (0.6 ± 0.08 vs. 0.9 ± 0.25 g/L; p = 0.02). Baseline T50 did not differ between the groups (A/A 278 ± 42′ vs. 297 ± 50′ in G/G and G/A; p = 0.28). Considering all sequential T50 test results, serum calcification propensity was significantly increased in A/A individuals compared to others (253 ± 50 vs. 290 ± 54; p = 0.008). Conclusions: SLE patients with homozygosity for the R77H variant and repeated T50 assessment displayed an increased serum calcification propensity (i.e., a lower T50) and lower C3 levels compared to heterozygous and WT CD11B, without differing with respect to global disease activity and kidney involvement. This suggests an increased CV risk in SLE patients homozygous for the R77H variant of CD11B.
Factors Impacting Advance Decision Making and Health Care Agent Appointment among Taiwanese Urban Residents after the Passage of Patient Right to Autonomy Act
Authors: Wu Yi-Ling , Yang Chun-Yi , Lin Tsai-Wen , Shen Pei-Han , Tsai Zong-Dar , Liu Ching-Nu , Hsu Chia-Chen , Wang Samuel Shih-Chih , Huang Sheng-Jean
Published: May 2023

In recent years, advance care planning (ACP) promotion in Taiwan has expanded beyond clinical practice to the broader population. This study aims to investigate people’s attitudes toward ACP and to identify factors influencing their signing of advance directives (ADs) and appointment of health care agents (HCAs). Methods: We identified 2337 ACP participants from consultation records between 2019 and 2020. The relationships among the participants’ characteristics, AD completion, and HCA appointment were investigated. Results: Of 2337 cases, 94.1% completed ADs and 87.8% were appointed HCAs. Welfare entitlement (OR = 0.47, p < 0.001), the place ACP progressed (OR = 0.08, p < 0.001), the participation of second-degree relatives (OR = 2.50, p < 0.001), and the intention of not being a family burden (OR = 1.65, p = 0.010) were significantly correlated with AD completion. The probability of appointing HCAs was higher in participants with family caregiving experience (OR = 1.42, p < 0.05), who were single (OR = 1.49, p < 0.05), and who expected a good death with dignity (OR = 1.65, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our research shows that adopting ACP discussion in Taiwan is feasible, which encourages ACP conversation and facilitates AD completion. Implications: Male and younger adults may need extra encouragement to discuss ACP matters with their families. Limitations: due to sampling restrictions, our data were chosen from an urban district to ensure the integrity of the results. Furthermore, interview data could be collected in future research to supplement the quantitative results.
Affecting Factors of Prostate Volume in Forensic Autopsied Decedents
Authors: Tanaka Kota , Hitosugi Masahito , Takaso Marin , Nakamura Mami , Takeda Arisa
Published: May 2023

Because decedents undergoing forensic autopsies would have behaved normally before death, prostate volume according to age group can be confirmed with forensic autopsy materials. The objectives of this study were to first confirm the current prostate volume by age and then determine diseases that can influence prostate volume using forensic autopsy materials. Prostate specimens were collected from forensic autopsies performed at Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan, between January 2015 and December 2019. Overall, 207 decedents were included in the study. Prostate volume was measured by the Archimedes’ principle. Concomitant diseases were determined by the past medical histories and autopsy results. The mean crude prostate volume was 29.1 ± 10.3 mL (range, 2.8–88.0 mL). The crude prostate volume increased with age. The mean corrected prostate volume (divided by body surface area) was significantly higher in patients with atherosclerosis than in those without. However, multiple regression analysis revealed that only age influenced the corrected prostate volume. Age was the only significant influencing factor for prostate volume. We propose applying age estimation using prostate volume for forensic medicine purposes. Because prostate volume was not influenced by concomitant disease, it would be valuable to estimate the decedent’s age using the prostate volume.
Imaging Methods to Quantify the Chest and Trunk Deformation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Literature Review
Authors: San Román Gaitero Ana , Shoykhet Andrej , Spyrou Iraklis , Stoorvogel Martijn , Vermeer Lars , Schlösser Tom P. C.
Published: May 2023

Background context: Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine with the most prevalent type being adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The rotational spinal deformation leads to displacement and deformation of the ribs, resulting in a deformity of the entire chest. Routine diagnostic imaging is performed in order to define its etiology, measure curve severity and progression during growth, and for treatment planning. To date, all treatment recommendations are based on spinal parameters, while the esthetic concerns and cardiopulmonary symptoms of patients are mostly related to the trunk deformation. For this reason, there is a need for diagnostic imaging of the patho-anatomical changes of the chest and trunk in AIS. Aim: The aim of this review is to provide an overview, as complete as possible, of imaging modalities, methods and image processing techniques for assessment of chest and trunk deformation in AIS. Methods: Here, we present a narrative literature review of (1) image acquisition techniques used in clinical practice, (2) a description of various relevant methods to measure the deformity of the thorax in patients with AIS, and (3) different image processing techniques useful for quantifying 3D chest wall deformity. Results: Various ionizing and non-ionizing imaging modalities are available, but radiography is most widely used for AIS follow-up. A disadvantage is that these images are only acquired in 2D and are not effective for acquiring detailed information on complex 3D chest deformities. While CT is the gold standard 3D imaging technique for assessment of in vivo morphology of osseous structures, it is rarely obtained for surgical planning because of concerns about radiation exposure and increased risk of cancer during later life. Therefore, different modalities with less or without radiation, such as biplanar radiography and MRI are usually preferred. Recently, there have been advances in the field of image processing for measurements of the chest: Anatomical segmentations have become fully automatic and deep learning has been shown to be able to automatically perform measurements and even outperform experts in terms of accuracy. Conclusions: Recent advancements in imaging modalities and image processing techniques make complex 3D evaluation of chest deformation possible. Before introduction into daily clinical practice, however, there is a need for studies correlating image-based chest deformation parameters to patient-reported outcomes, and for technological advancements to make the workflow cost-effective.
Quality Evaluation of Mustard Microgreens Grown on Peat and Jute Substrate
Authors: Min Allah Samar , Dimita Rosanna , Negro Carmine , Luvisi Andrea , Gadaleta Alessio , Mininni Carlo , De Bellis Luigi
Published: May 2023

Consumers appreciate microgreens for their vast variety of colors and flavors. Usually, they are grown employing peat, a substrate that is used in large quantities. In order to identify a more sustainable propagation protocol and to reduce the amount of peat consumed, alternative propagation protocols were evaluated. Jute is a biodegradable substrate with lower post-harvest costs because it does not leave particles on microgreens. This work evaluates the microgreen yield, flavor, texture, and phytochemical compounds when grown on jute. Green mustard (Brassica nigra) is one of the most popular microgreens. When growing these microgreens on jute (three repetitions), it was necessary to increase the frequency of irrigation and reduce the amount of water for each turn. In addition, the propagation time needed to be increased from 5 to 7 days. The tasters found no difference in flavor and only a slight difference in texture was observed when microgreens were grown on jute. The phenol and chlorophyll levels were unchanged, while carotenoid levels were slightly higher. Thus, the cultivation of green mustard on jute has a minimal impact on microgreens and leads to increased sustainability and reduced post-harvest costs.
Urban–Rural Disparities in Case Fatality of Community-Acquired Sepsis in Germany: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Matthaeus-Kraemer Claudia T. , Rose Norman , Spoden Melissa , Pletz Mathias W. , Reinhart Konrad , Fleischmann-Struzek Carolin
Published: May 2023

Background: We aimed to examine urban–rural disparities in sepsis case fatality rates among patients with community-acquired sepsis in Germany. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using de-identified data of the nationwide statutory health insurance AOK, covering approx. 30% of the German population. We compared in-hospital- and 12-month case fatality between rural and urban sepsis patients. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and the estimated adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) using logistic regression models to account for potential differences in the distribution of age, comorbidities, and sepsis characteristics between rural and urban citizens. Results: We identified 118,893 hospitalized patients with community-acquired sepsis in 2013–2014 with direct hospital admittance. Sepsis patients from rural areas had lower in-hospital case fatality rates compared to their urban counterparts (23.7% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001, Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.91 (95% CI 0.88, 0.94), ORadj = 0.89 (95% CI 0.86, 0.92)). Similar differences were observable for 12-month case fatalities (45.8% rural vs. 47.0% urban 12-month case fatality, p < 0.001, OR = 0.95 (95% CI 0.93, 0.98), ORadj = 0.92 (95% CI 0.89, 0.94)). Survival benefits were also observable in rural patients with severe community-acquired sepsis or patients admitted as emergencies. Rural patients of <40 years had half the odds of dying in hospital compared to urban patients in this age bracket (ORadj = 0.49 (95% CI 0.23, 0.75), p = 0.002). Conclusion: Rural residence is associated with short- and long-term survival benefits in patients with community-acquired sepsis. Further research on patient, community, and health-care system factors is needed to understand the causative mechanisms of these disparities.
Clinicians’ and Users’ Views and Experiences of a Tele-Mental Health Service Implemented Alongside the Public Mental Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Isaacs Anton , Mitchell Eleanor K. L. , Sutton Keith , Naughton Michael , Hine Rochelle , Bullock Shane , Azar Denise , Maybery Darryl
Published: May 2023

A tele-mental health model called Head to Health was implemented in the state of Victoria, Australia to address the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a free centralized intake service that adopted a targeted approach with several novel elements, such as stepped care and telehealth. This study examines the views and experiences of clinicians and service users of the tele-mental health service in the Gippsland region of Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from clinicians were obtained via an online 10-item open-ended survey instrument and from service users through semi-structured interviews. Data were obtained from 66 participants, including 47 clinician surveys and 19 service user interviews. Six categories emerged from the data. They were: ‘Conditions where use of tele-mental health is appropriate’, ‘Conditions where tele-mental health may not be useful’, ‘Advantages of tele-mental health’, ‘Challenges in using tele-mental health’, ‘Client outcomes with tele-mental health’, and ‘Recommendations for future use’. This is one of a few studies where clinicians’ and service users’ views and experiences have been explored together to provide a nuanced understanding of perspectives on the efficacy of tele-mental health when it was implemented alongside public mental health services.
Relationship between COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Life Behavior, Dispositional Mindfulness, and Psychological Health: Evidence from a Sample of Japanese Working Adults
Authors: Miyata Hiromitsu , Yamasaki Kaho , ChaeEun Noh , Ishikawa Haruyuki
Published: May 2023

The present study investigated how altered daily life behavior and its self-evaluation associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relate to psychological health in Japanese working adults, and how such relationships may be moderated by dispositional mindfulness. A total of 1000 participants completed an online survey comprising questions on how they used time and self-evaluated life behavior before and during the pandemic, as well as scales on mindfulness and psychological health. The results revealed that after the pandemic, participants spent significantly more time at home and using a PC/smartphone. They were also more likely to perceive frequent exposure to COVID-19-related media reports and less likely to find their work going well. Many of these variables were significantly correlated with lower psychological health. Moreover, hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed the moderating effects of mindfulness, such that the perceived frequency of exposure to pandemic-related media reports and poorer views that work was going well were less likely to predict lower psychological health when mindfulness was high. These findings suggest that altered daily life behavior and its self-evaluation after the pandemic are associated with deteriorated psychological health, but that mindfulness can serve as a protective factor against psychological distress among Japanese workers.
Challenges in Improving Adherence to Diet and Drug Treatment in Hypercholesterolemia Patients
Authors: Baratta Francesco , Angelico Francesco , Del Ben Maria
Published: May 2023

Poor adherence to chronic disease treatment may seriously compromise the effectiveness of therapy, characterizing itself as a critical element for the population’s health, both from the point of view of quality of life and health economics. The causes of low adherence are many and can depend on the patient, the physician and the healthcare system. Low adherence to dietary recommendations and lipid-lowering drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia is a widespread phenomenon that may strongly limit the great advantages of serum lipid reduction strategies in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Many patients discontinue treatment, and adherence decreases with time. Increasing therapeutic adherence can have a much greater impact on the health of the population than any other therapeutic advance. There are numerous strategies to increase therapy adherence according to behavior change theories. They concern the doctor and the patient. Some must be implemented at the time of prescription, others later during the follow-up. The active role of the patient in the therapeutic decision and the shared definition of LDL cholesterol targets are of paramount importance. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize evidence on current levels of adherence to lipid-lowering strategies, the causes of the lack of adequate adherence and possible physician-applicable strategies to improve it.
“Instead of Being on a Screen You Can Be More Out There and Enjoy Your Life”: Young People’s Understandings of Physical Activity for Health
Authors: Wilson Natasha , Cale Lorraine , Casey Ashley
Published: May 2023

Background: Despite documented evidence of the benefits of leading a physically active life, it is reported that less than half of young people in Europe meet the physical activity recommendations. Schools, and in particular physical education (PE), are viewed to be at the forefront of addressing inactive lifestyles and educating young people about physical activity. Nonetheless, given advancements in technology, young people are increasingly exposed to physical activity information “beyond the school gates”. Consequently, if PE teachers are to support young people to understand the information they receive surrounding physical activity online, then they need to be able to address any misconceptions about health they may have. Methods: In this study, fourteen young people (7 boys and 7 girls) in year 9 (13–14 years old) from two secondary schools in England participated in a digitally-based activity and semi-structured interviews which aimed to explore their conceptions of physical activity for health. Results: It was found that the young people had limited and narrow conceptions of what it means to be physically active. Conclusions: It was suggested the findings could be partly attributed to limitations in students’ learning and experiences with respect to physical activity and health in the PE curriculum.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Pool Data from Meta-Analysis for the Prediction of Countermovement Jump Improvement
Authors: Ho Indy Man Kit , Weldon Anthony , Yong Jason Tze Ho , Lam Candy Tze Tim , Sampaio Jaime
Published: May 2023

To solve the research–practice gap and take one step forward toward using big data with real-world evidence, the present study aims to adopt a novel method using machine learning to pool findings from meta-analyses and predict the change of countermovement jump. The data were collected through a total of 124 individual studies included in 16 recent meta-analyses. The performance of four selected machine learning algorithms including support vector machine, random forest (RF) ensemble, light gradient boosted machine, and the neural network using multi-layer perceptron was compared. The RF yielded the highest accuracy (mean absolute error: 0.071 cm; R2: 0.985). Based on the feature importance calculated by the RF regressor, the baseline CMJ (“Pre-CMJ”) was the most impactful predictor, followed by age (“Age”), the total number of training sessions received (“Total number of training_session”), controlled or non-controlled conditions (“Control (no training)”), whether the training program included squat, lunge, deadlift, or hip thrust exercises (“Squat_Lunge_Deadlift_Hipthrust_True”, “Squat_Lunge_Deadlift_Hipthrust_False”), or “Plyometric (mixed fast/slow SSC)”, and whether the athlete was from an Asian pacific region including Australia (“Race_Asian or Australian”). By using multiple simulated virtual cases, the successful predictions of the CMJ improvement are shown, whereas the perceived benefits and limitations of using machine learning in a meta-analysis are discussed.
Cancer Prevention Literacy among Different Population Subgroups: Challenges and Enabling Factors for Adopting and Complying with Cancer Prevention Recommendations
Authors: Sharp Lena , Dodlek Nikolina , Willis Diane , Leppänen Arja , Ullgren Helena
Published: May 2023

It is estimated that 40% of the cancer cases in Europe could be prevented if people had better information and tools to make healthier choices and thereby reduce some of the most important cancer risk factors. The aim of this study is to gain knowledge and understanding about cancer prevention literacy among people with intellectual disabilities, immigrants, young people and young cancer survivors. In this qualitative study, we conducted six online focus-group interviews, including forty participants, to explore the cancer prevention literacy of four population subgroups and determine how cancer prevention recommendations according to the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) were perceived. The analysis resulted in the following main categories: current health beliefs and their impacts on how the ECAC recommendations were perceived, communication strategies and sources benefiting or hindering cancer prevention information from reaching out, and how vulnerabilities in these subgroups impact cancer prevention literacy. To improve cancer prevention literacy in Europe, more attention is needed this topic to overcome barriers among different population subgroups. Recommendations include improved and adapted cancer prevention information, support to individuals, as well as societal support, such as easy-access screening and vaccination programmes and regulations related to tobacco, alcohol, and diet.
Factors Affecting Delirium in ICU Patients
Authors: Jeong I Seul , Cho Mi-Kyoung
Published: May 2023

This study examined delirium severity using a delirium screening tool and analyzed the predictors, including pain, acuity, level of consciousness, fall risk, and pain score, to increase understanding of delirium and present foundational data for developing nursing interventions for delirium prevention. This was a retrospective study of 165 patients admitted to three intensive care units (ICUs). the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) was used as a research tool to screen for delirium and measure the degree of delirium. The incidence of delirium in patients was 53.3%, and the average delirium score in the delirium group was 2.40 ± 0.56. Nu-DESC scores were significantly correlated with ICU days, ventilator days, restraint applications, the number of catheters inserted, sedative medication use, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS III), the Morse Fall Scale (MFS), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, pain scores, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that the number of restraint applications, GCS score, ICU days, and BUN levels were factors influencing delirium. Based on the findings, ICU nurses should use delirium screening tools to ensure accurate delirium screening and work to reduce the incidence and degree of delirium by observing factors affecting delirium in patients.
Putative Wound Healing Induction Functions of Exosomes Isolated from IMMUNEPOTENT CRP
Authors: García Coronado Paola Leonor , Franco Molina Moisés Armides , Zárate Triviño Diana Ginette , Menchaca Arredondo Jorge Luis , Zapata Benavides Pablo , Rodriguez Padilla Cristina
Published: May 2023

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients can take months or years to heal, representing a great cost for the healthcare sector and impacts on patients’ lifestyles. Therefore, new effective treatment alternatives are needed to accelerate the healing process. Exosomes are nanovesicles involved in the modulation of signaling pathways that can be produced by any cell and can exert functions similar to the cell of origin. For this reason, IMMUNEPOTENT CRP, which is a bovine spleen leukocyte extract, was analyzed to identify the proteins present and is proposed as a source of exosomes. The exosomes were isolated through ultracentrifugation and shape-size, characterized by atomic force microscopy. The protein content in IMMUNEPOTENT CRP was characterized by EV-trap coupled to liquid chromatography. The in silico analyses for biological pathways, tissue specificity, and transcription factor inducement were performed in GOrilla ontology, Panther ontology, Metascape, and Reactome. It was observed that IMMUNEPOTENT CRP contains diverse peptides. The peptide-containing exosomes had an average size of 60 nm, and exomeres of 30 nm. They had biological activity capable of modulating the wound healing process, through inflammation modulation and the activation of signaling pathways such as PIP3-AKT, as well as other pathways activated by FOXE genes related to specificity in the skin tissue.
Extraction Optimization, Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharide Extracts from Nymphaea hybrid
Authors: Liu Hui-Min , Tang Wei , Lei Sheng-Nan , Zhang Yun , Cheng Ming-Yan , Liu Qing-Lei , Wang Wei
Published: May 2023

In this study, polysaccharide–rich Nymphaea hybrid extracts (NHE) were obtained using the ultrasound-assisted cellulase extraction (UCE) method optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The structural properties and thermal stability of NHE were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR), high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thermogravimetry–derivative thermogravimetry (TG–DTG) analysis, respectively. Moreover, the bioactivities of NHE, including the antioxidant, anti–inflammatory, whitening and scratch healing activities were evaluated by different in vitro assays. NHE conveyed a good ability to scavenge against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibit the hyaluronidase activity. NHE can effectively protect the HaCaT cells against oxidative damage by inhibiting the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the H2O2 stimulation assays and promoting the proliferation and migration in the scratch assays. In addition, NHE was proven to inhibit melanin production in B16 cells. Collectively, the above results seem to be the evidence needed to promote the potential of NHE to be regarded as a new functional raw material in the cosmetics or food industries.
NETosis in Parasitic Infections: A Puzzle That Remains Unsolved
Authors: Omar Marwa , Abdelal Heba
Published: May 2023

Neutrophils are the key players in the innate immune system, being weaponized with numerous strategies to eliminate pathogens. The production of extracellular traps is one of the effector mechanisms operated by neutrophils in a process called NETosis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are complex webs of extracellular DNA studded with histones and cytoplasmic granular proteins. Since their first description in 2004, NETs have been widely investigated in different infectious processes. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi have been shown to induce the generation of NETs. Knowledge is only beginning to emerge about the participation of DNA webs in the host’s battle against parasitic infections. Referring to helminthic infections, we ought to look beyond the scope of confining the roles of NETs solely to parasitic ensnarement or immobilization. Hence, this review provides detailed insights into the less-explored activities of NETs against invading helminths. In addition, most of the studies that have addressed the implications of NETs in protozoan infections have chiefly focused on their protective side, either through trapping or killing. Challenging this belief, we propose several limitations regarding protozoan-NETs interaction. One of many is the duality in the functional responses of NETs, in which both the positive and pathological aspects seem to be closely intertwined.
CSF Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Papaliagkas Vasileios , Kalinderi Kallirhoe , Vareltzis Patroklos , Moraitou Despoina , Papamitsou Theodora , Chatzidimitriou Maria
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a rapidly growing disease that affects millions of people worldwide, therefore there is an urgent need for its early diagnosis and treatment. A huge amount of research studies are performed on possible accurate and reliable diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Due to its direct contact with extracellular space of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most useful biological fluid reflecting molecular events in the brain. Proteins and molecules that reflect the pathogenesis of the disease, e.g., neurodegeneration, accumulation of Abeta, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and apoptosis may be used as biomarkers. The aim of the current manuscript is to present the most commonly used CSF biomarkers for AD as well as novel biomarkers. Three CSF biomarkers, namely total tau, phospho-tau and Abeta42, are believed to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for early AD diagnosis and the ability to predict AD development in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Moreover, other biomarkers such as soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), apoptotic proteins, secretases and inflammatory and oxidation markers are believed to have increased future prospects.
Limited Association between Antibodies to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Vascular Affection in Patients with Established Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wirestam Lina , Jönsson Frida , Enocsson Helena , Svensson Christina , Weiner Maria , Wetterö Jonas , Zachrisson Helene , Eriksson Per , Sjöwall Christopher
Published: May 2023

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate whether antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with different SLE phenotypes (lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and skin and joint involvement). Anti-oxLDL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 60 patients with SLE, 60 healthy controls (HCs) and 30 subjects with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Intima-media thickness (IMT) assessment of vessel walls and plaque occurrence were recorded using high-frequency ultrasound. In the SLE cohort, anti-oxLDL was again assessed in 57 of the 60 individuals approximately 3 years later. The levels of anti-oxLDL in the SLE group (median 5829 U/mL) were not significantly different from those in the HCs group (median 4568 U/mL), while patients with AAV showed significantly higher levels (median 7817 U/mL). The levels did not differ between the SLE subgroups. A significant correlation was found with IMT in the common femoral artery in the SLE cohort, but no association with plaque occurrence was observed. The levels of anti-oxLDL antibodies in the SLE group were significantly higher at inclusion compared to 3 years later (median 5707 versus 1503 U/mL, p < 0.0001). Overall, we found no convincing support for strong associations between vascular affection and anti-oxLDL antibodies in SLE.
Triphosphate Tunnel Metalloenzyme 2 Acts as a Downstream Factor of ABI4 in ABA-Mediated Seed Germination
Authors: Feng Yu-Rui , Li Ting-Ting , Wang Shi-Jia , Lu Ying-Tang , Yuan Ting-Ting
Published: May 2023

Seed germination is a complex process that is regulated by various exogenous and endogenous factors, in which abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role. The triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) superfamily exists in all living organisms, but research on its biological role is limited. Here, we reveal that TTM2 functions in ABA-mediated seed germination. Our study indicates that TTM2 expression is enhanced but repressed by ABA during seed germination. Promoted TTM2 expression in 35S::TTM2-FLAG rescues ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development and ttm2 mutants exhibit lower seed germination rate and reduced cotyledon greening compared with the wild type, revealing that the repression of TTM2 expression is required for ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development. Further, ABA inhibits TTM2 expression by ABA insensitive 4 (ABI4) binding of TTM2 promoter and the ABA-insensitive phenotype of abi4-1 with higher TTM2 expression can be rescued by mutation of TTM2 in abi4-1 ttm2-1 mutant, indicating that TTM2 acts downstream of ABI4. In addition, TTM1, a homolog of TTM2, is not involved in ABA-mediated regulation of seed germination. In summary, our findings reveal that TTM2 acts as a downstream factor of ABI4 in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling growth.