bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An induction machine‐based drive system and supervisory control for application to smart water‐pumped storage and networks
Authors: Ebrahim O. S. , Badr M. A.
Published: December 2024

The authors present an effective induction machine (IM) drive system and intelligent supervisory control for application to smart water‐pumped storage and networks. The main IM drive unit comprises reduced voltage starter, regenerative clutch/variable speed mode fluid coupling and reversible pump to allow bidirectional power flow. Under the wide umbrella of supervisory control, the following objectives are achieved: (1) Recurrent neural network (RNN) and RNN‐aided Kalman filter are proposed for wired and wireless sensor fault‐tolerant control of the plant based on Wald's likelihood ratio test. (2) Cheap fuzzy logic‐based availability assessment scheme is presented and deployed on cloud to arrange for preventive maintenance of the starter. (3) Robust energy saving mode decision‐making algorithm is developed for best energetic cost reduction. (4) Remote synchronisation method of multi‐motor starting with a mechanically switched capacitor is introduced to minimise voltage dip. Further, an auxiliary inverter fed pump unit is adopted to improve system availability and revenue. The validity and superiority of the proposed drive system and control are confirmed through theoretical analysis, computer simulations, cost study, efficiency evaluation and application example to a single‐pump water network during motor and generator operational modes using preliminary test results.
Frequency‐diverse aperture imaging using an open cavity with a rough base
Authors: Rashidi‐Ranjbar Ehsan , Rashed‐Mohassel Jalil A. , Dehmollaian Mojtaba
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a single‐shot computational imaging using a new frequency‐diverse aperture, an open‐ended cavity with a rough surface base. First, it shows that scattering from a conducting rough surface made of conducting cones placed at random positions on a conducting ground plane, normally illuminated by an ultra‐wideband horn antenna (working in the 2–20 GHz range) provides random patterns with a frequency correlation function (FCF) width of Δf, about hundreds of MHz. Next, by introducing four conducting walls placed around the rough surface, it obtains a higher number of spatially uncorrelated radiation patterns and a narrower FCF width of about Δf/10, tens of MHz. To approximate the radiation patterns and measurement matrices in the numerical simulations, the geometrical optics (GO) approximation is used taking into account multiple interactions. On the other hand, to estimate them in practice, a trihedral corner reflector installed on an XYZ positioning table is employed. Finally, the image of a planar object with the shape of plus is reconstructed using the minimum least‐squares technique. The paper shows that for a 0.81 square metre image size, a decent‐focused image with a pixel size of about 0.81/400 square metres (about 5 cm × 5 cm) is realisable by using 400 frequency samples within the frequency range of 2–20 GHz.
A study of particle acceleration, heating, power deposition, and the damping length of kinetic Alfvén waves in non-Maxwellian coronal plasma
Authors: Ayaz S. , Zank G. P. , Khan I. A. , Li G. , Rivera Y. J.
Published: December 2024

Context. The heating of the solar corona and solar wind, particularly through suprathermal particles and kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) within the 0–10 RSun range, has been a subject of great interest for many decades. This study investigates and explores the acceleration and heating of charged particles and the role of KAWs in the solar corona.

Aims. We investigate how KAWs transport energy and accelerate and heat the charged particles, focusing on the behavior of perturbed electromagnetic (EM) fields, the Poynting flux vectors, net power transfer through the solar flux loop tubes, resonant particles’ speed, group speed, and the damping length of KAWs. The study examines how these elements are influenced by suprathermal particles (κ) and the electron-to-ion temperature ratios (Te/Ti).

Methods. We used kinetic plasma theory coupled with the Vlasov-Maxwell model to investigate the dynamics of KAWs and particles. We assumed a collisionless, homogeneous, and low-beta electron-ion plasma in which Alfvén waves travel in the kinetic limits; that is, me/mi ≪ β ≪ 1. Furthermore, the plasma incorporates suprathermal high-energy particles, necessitating an appropriate distribution function to accurately describe the system. We adopted the Kappa distribution function as the most suitable choice for our analysis.

Results. The results show that the perturbed EM fields are significantly influenced by κ and the effect of Te/Ti. We evaluate both the parallel and perpendicular Poynting fluxes and find that the parallel Poynting flux (Sz) dissipates gradually for lower κ values. In contrast, the perpendicular flux (Sx) dissipates quickly over shorter distances. Power deposition in solar flux tubes is significantly influenced by κ and Te/Ti. We find that particles can heat the solar corona over long distances (RSun) in the parallel direction and short distances in the perpendicular direction. The group velocity of KAWs increases for lower κ values, and the damping length, LG, is enhanced under lower κ, suggesting longer energy transport distances (RSun). These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of particle-wave interactions in the solar corona and wind, with potential applications for missions such as the Parker Solar Probe, (PSP), and can also apply to other environments where non-Maxwellian particle distributions are frequently observed.
Phenylketonurie und maternales PKU-Syndrom
Authors: Rohde Carmen , Thiele Alena G. , Tomm Anne , Arélin Maria , Beblo Skadi
Published: December 2024

Die Phenylketonurie (PKU) ist die häufigste angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankung des Aminosäurestoffwechsels. Nach ihrer Entdeckung in den 1930er-Jahren, der Etablierung einer Therapie in den 1960er-Jahren und Einführung eines Neugeborenenscreenings Anfang der 1970er-Jahre gilt sie heute als Modellerkrankung für viele andere angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen. Unbehandelt führt die klassische PKU zu schwerster psychomotorischer Retardierung. Allein durch eine spezifische Ernährungstherapie von Geburt an kann dies verhindert werden. Die Patienten können sich darunter altersgerecht und gesund entwickeln ohne Einschränkung bezüglich ihrer schulischen und beruflichen Laufbahn. Neuere erfolgreiche therapeutische Ansätze umfassen die Kofaktortherapie mit Sapropterinhydrochlorid bzw. zukünftig mit Sepiapterin sowie die Möglichkeit einer Enzymsubstitutionstherapie mit Pegvaliase. Der Familienplanung bei bestehender PKU steht heutzutage nichts im Wege. Frauen mit PKU können gesunde Kinder zur Welt bringen, vorausgesetzt die Schwangerschaft wurde sorgfältig geplant, die Frau hält sich konsequent an die strikte Phe-bilanzierte Diät und es besteht eine gute metabolische Einstellung während der gesamten Schwangerschaft. Andernfalls besteht ein hohes Risiko für ein maternales PKU-Syndrom, einer schweren Embryo-/Fetopathie des ungeborenen Kindes, die klinisch dem fetalen Alkoholsyndrom stark ähnelt. Dementsprechend ist eine ungeplante Schwangerschaft bei PKU-Patientinnen ein medizinischer Notfall und die Vermeidung des maternalen PKU-Syndroms ist das wichtigste Ziel der professionellen Betreuung von Frauen mit PKU im gebärfähigen Alter. Hierbei ist neben einer kontinuierlichen intensiven Betreuung der jungen Frauen mit PKU in spezialisierten Stoffwechselzentren die Unterstützung durch den Partner die wesentliche Voraussetzung. Spezielle Schulungsseminare für junge Frauen mit PKU gemeinsam mit ihren Partnern werden derzeit zunehmend etabliert.
Risk Assessment of FMS and YBT on Sports Injuries in Collegiate
Athletes
Authors: Xie Mingyang , Zhang Rui , Gong Yuxi
Published: December 2024

This prospective cohort study investigated the predictive validity of the
Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT) for sports injuries in
458 collegiate athletes across various sports. Preseason screening using FMS and
YBT was conducted, followed by injury data collection over the competitive
season. Logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between screening
scores and subsequent injury risk. Results indicated that lower composite FMS
scores (≤14) were associated with increased injury risk (OR=2.32; 95% CI:
1.54–3.48; p<0.001), as were YBT anterior reach asymmetries > 4 cm
(OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.43–3.26; p<0.001). The combination of both risk factors
demonstrated the strongest association (OR=3.57; 95% CI: 2.18–5.83; p<0.001)
when compared to individuals with FMS scores >14 and YBT asymmetry
< 4 cm.The combination of low FMS scores and YBT asymmetries demonstrated the
strongest predictive value. These findings underscore the value of the FMS and
YBT as screening tools to identify collegiate athletes who may be at elevated
risk for sports injuries, potentially guiding the implementation of targeted
injury prevention strategies.
Early forest flame and smoke detection based on improved feature extraction module with enhanced image processing inspired by YOLOV7
Authors: Han Ruipeng , Liu Yunfei , Kong Xueyi , Qiu Zhihui , Li Shuang , Liu Han
Published: December 2024

Background The forest environment is intricate and dynamic, with its depiction influenced by various factors such as geographical location, weather conditions, and capture angles. Relying solely on flame or smoke is insufficient for precise fire information. Aims This paper proposes a method for accurate detection on forest flame and smoke based on improved feature extraction module with enhanced image processing. Methods We a fusion-guided filtering image processing method and flame segmentation strategy to augment the quality of dataset. Additionally, an outstanding extraction backbone, incorporating ghost modules and decoupled fully connected (DFC) attention modules, is developed to increase the model’s receptive field. Furthermore, the ELAN-S neck with SimAM attention mechanism is introduced to fuse features from the backbone network, facilitating the extraction of shallow and deep-level semantic information. Key results Compared to YOLOV7, our model demonstrates superior performance with a 5% increase in mean average precision (mAP), a 4.3% increase in average precision for small objects (APS), and a 3–4% enhancement in other metrics. Conclusions The proposed model achieves a good balance between detection speed and detection accuracy. The improved model performs well in real forest fire detection scenarios. Implications In the early forest fire detection, the model considers both flame and smoke information to describe the fire situation, and effectively combines the semantic information of both for fire warning.
Persuasive claims in Chinese real estate advertisements
Authors: Lai Chung Yee , Cheung Kwok Yip , Lau Wan Man
Published: December 2024

This exploratory study adopts qualitative and quantitative methods to examine Chinese presuppositions in 132 real
estate advertisements from 2007 to 2022. From the advertisements, we have identified a list of lexical items and syntactic
constructions that trigger presuppositions in Chinese. We analyze how the presuppositions convey persuasive claims in Chinese real
estate advertisements and contribute to the literature by presenting a novel framework including new categories and subtypes for
analyzing Chinese presuppositions for future research. Statistical frequencies of presupposition triggers are identified to
describe their occurrence in Chinese real estate advertisements. The study provides insights for consumers to improve their
ability to identify presupposition triggers and for regulatory bodies to monitor the presupposed contents.
Doing things with grammar
Authors: Khachaturyan Maria , Sandman Erika , Crane Thera Marie
Published: December 2024

This paper studies the way utterances project properties of the interactional context via the choice of
grammatical indexicals. Our analysis is an original combination of existing theoretical developments including notions of
grammatical indexicality (Silverstein 1976), of the relational structure of indexical
reference (Hanks 2014) and of presupposition accommodation (von Fintel 2008; Heim 1982; Karttunen 1974, among others). While Silverstein (1976) suggested that
different types of grammatical indexicals can be (relatively) context-creating or (relatively) context-presupposing, we argue that
presupposition vs creativity is not a property of specific categories, but rather of tokens in a given context and that in natural
interaction, they are subject to negotiation. While all indexicals are presupposing, there are two types of uses of pragmatic
presupposition involved forming a scale (Mazzarella & Domaneschi 2018; Sbisà 1999): non-informative (when the presupposition is already part of common ground of
the interlocutors) and informative (when the presupposition needs to be accommodated by the addressee). The theoretical analysis
is grounded in a discussion of data on evidentiality, egophoricity, pronouns of address, demonstrative reference, and tense and is
based on literature review, as well as first-hand recordings of conversations in Wutun (mixed Sinitic language, China) and Mano
(Mande, Guinea).
Anomalous relaxation behaviour in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)-ZnO nanocomposite
Authors: Chatterjee Sumon , Kundu Tapas Kumar
Published: December 2024

The temperature-dependent relaxation behaviour and the conduction mechanism in LSMO-ZnO nanocomposite have been studied by employing complex impedance spectroscopic techniques. The imaginary part of impedance exhibits a relaxation phenomenon, with the relaxation frequency showing a Gaussian-like dependence on temperature. At temperatures below 340 K the relaxation frequency increases with increase in temperature due to the reduction in grain and grain boundary resistances. However, an unusual decreasing nature of relaxation frequency with increase in temperature, above 358 K, is observed. This feature is explained in terms of an increased value of the grain boundary capacitance owing to a transition from bipolaron hopping to single polaron hopping. Such anomalous relaxation behavior makes the nanocomposite a suitable candidate for applications in sensors, switches, actuators etc. The dispersion behavior of the AC conductivity is explained with Jonscher’s law involving small polarons. The study confirms that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) is the dominant dynamic process involved in the AC conduction mechanism in LSMO-ZnO nanocomposite across the measured range of temperature.
Oscillation criteria for nonlinear fractional (p, q)-difference equations
Authors: Yu Changlong , Li Shuangxing , Li Jing , Wang Jufang
Published: December 2024

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the oscillatory behavior of solutions for nonlinear Riemann-Liouville fractional (p, q)-difference equations. We obtain sufficient conditions for the oscillation of solutions using Young’s inequality and various other inequalities. Additionally, we present results by substituting the Riemann-Liouville (p, q)-differential operator with the Caputo (p, q)-fractional difference operator. It is noteworthy that some MATLAB codes for the (p, q)-analogues, (p, q)-derivatives, (p, q)-integrals, and (p, q)-gamma functions are provided. Finally, two illustrative examples validate the main theorems presented in this paper.
Electrochemical detection of catechol with a disposable carbon nanotube paste electrode modified with CTAB
Authors: Chen Tingfei , Huang Yanzhi , Liu Xiaojun , Zhu Chunnan , Liu Chao , Zheng Dongyun
Published: December 2024

The accurate and rapid detection of catechol which is a class of highly toxic organic phenolic compounds, is of great importance for the protection of environment and human health. In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor for catechol was constructed by modifying multi-walled carbon nanotube paste microelectrode with a cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) through a simple and controllable adsorption method. Electrochemical experiment results show that the modified electrode has good sensitization effect to the electrochemical response of catechol. The electrochemical response mechanism of the sensor to catechol were investigated through using many analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. Under the optimal fabrication and application conditions, the response current of catechol on the sensor exhibits a good linear relationship with its concentration from 1.0 μmol l−1 ∼ 7.0 mmol l−1 with a sensitivity of 1.33 nA/(μmol l−1) and a low detection limit of 15 nmol l−1 (S/N = 3). Applying the sensor in the detection of catechol in tap water samples and urine samples, the results were satisfactory, indicating its good application prospect.
Revised bounds on local cosmic strings from NANOGrav observations
Authors: Kume Jun'ya , Hindmarsh Mark
Published: December 2024

In a recent paper, the NANOGrav collaboration studied new physics explanations of the observed pulsar timing residuals consistent with a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) [1], including cosmic strings in the Nambu-Goto (NG) approximation. Analysing one of current models for the loop distribution, it was found that the cosmic string model is disfavored compared to other sources, for example, super massive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). When both SMBHB and cosmic string models are included in the analysis, an upper bound on a string tension Gμ≲ 10-10 was derived. However, the analysis did not accommodate results from cosmic string simulations in an underlying field theory, which indicate that at most a small fraction of string loops survive long enough to emit GW. Following and extending our previous study [2], we suppose that a fraction f
NG of string loops follow NG dynamics and emit only GWs, and study the three different models of the loop distribution discussed in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration analyses.
We re-analyse the NANOGrav 15yrs data with our signal models by using the NANOGrav ENTERPRISE analysis code via the wrapper PTArcade. We find that loop distributions similar to LVK Model B and C yield higher Bayes factor than Model A analysed in the NANOGrav paper, as they can more easily accommodate a blue-tilted spectrum of the observed amplitude. Furthermore, because of the degeneracy of Gμ and f
NG in determining the signal amplitude, our posterior distribution extends to higher values of Gμ, and in some cases the uppermost value of credible intervals is close to the Cosmic Microwave Background limit Gμ≲ 10-7.
Hence, in addition to the pulsar timing array data, further information about the fraction of long-lived loops in a cosmic string network is required to constrain the string tension.
Quantum-enhanced interferometry with unbalanced entangled coherent states
Authors: Tang 汤 Jun 俊 , Du 堵 Zi-Hang 子航 , Zhong 钟 Wei 伟 , Zhou 周 Lan 澜 , Sheng 盛 Yu-Bo 宇波
Published: December 2024

We propose a quantum-enhanced metrological scheme utilizing unbalanced entangled coherent states (ECSs) generated by passing a coherent state and a coherent state superposition through an unbalanced beam splitter (BS). We identify the optimal phase sensitivity of this scheme by maximizing the quantum Fisher information (QFI) with respect to the BS transmission ratio. Our scheme outperforms the conventional scheme with a balanced BS, particularly in the presence of single-mode photon loss. Notably, our scheme retains quantum advantage in phase sensitivity in the limit of high photon intensity, where the balanced scheme offers no advantage over the classical strategy.
Improved reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with intensity fluctuations
Authors: Chen 陈 Zi-Qi 子骐 , Sun 孙 Hao-Bing 昊冰 , Sun 孙 Ming-Shuo 铭烁 , Wang 王 Qin 琴
Published: December 2024

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) can avoid real-time calibration operation of reference frames and improve the efficiency of the communication process. However, due to imperfections of optical devices, there will inevitably exist intensity fluctuations in the source side of the QKD system, which will affect the final secure key rate. To reduce the influence of intensity fluctuations, an improved 3-intensity RFI-QKD scheme is proposed in this paper. After considering statistical fluctuations and implementing global parameter optimization, we conduct corresponding simulation analysis. The results show that our present work can present both higher key rate and a farther transmission distance than the standard method.
Scaling up the assessment of logging’s impact on forest structure in Central Africa using field and UAV data
Authors: Dupuis Chloé , Ligot Gauthier , Bastin Jean-François , Lejeune Philippe , Doucet Jean-Louis , Rossi Vivien , Fayolle Adeline
Published: December 2024

A third of the forest area in Central Africa has been granted to logging companies. Logging is highly selective in the region, with an average of 0.7–4.0 trees harvested per ha, but its direct impact on forest structure and the spatial variation of this impact remain understudied. Here, we investigated the direct impact of logging on forest structure, we related this impact to logging intensity and canopy opening. We compiled unique datasets collecting field measurements and aerial observations in four FSC certified concessions. Our data includes pre- and post-logging inventory of forest plots covering 38 ha, records of over 6000 harvested trees, and drone RGB images covering over 6000 ha. In average, logging activities reduced forest above-ground biomass by 8.8%, stem density by 6.5%, basal-area by 8.5% and canopy cover by 4.4%. Strong relationships were found between the reduction in biomass, stem density, or basal area with logging intensity, canopy opening and the number and volume of harvested trees (relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between 0.128 and 0.164). Additionally, we demonstrated that canopy opening can be a good indicator to monitor and upscale logging intensity (rRMSE between 0.0005 and 0.0022). This study is the first covering extensive inventory plots and uninhabited aerial vehicle images before and after logging in different locations in Central Africa, providing a valuable reference to evaluate the impact of logging on forest structure. It demonstrates how canopy opening can be used to estimate measurements usually collected in the field and provides to the remote sensing community a unique dataset that will help improving monitoring systems (Dupuis et al 2024 (available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2268/323683)). These findings also have significant implications to control and manage logging activities, especially for certification standards, forest administrations, and European regulations.
Quantifying magic resource via quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence
Authors: Tian Peihua , Sun Yuan
Published: December 2024

Magic is a precious resource necessary for achieving universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Therefore, it is of vital importance to study the detection and quantification of the magic resource encompassed in quantum states and quantum gates both theoretically and experimentally. In this work, we adopt the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence to quantify the magic resource of quantum states and quantum gates. On the one hand, we determine the magic resource of a pure state as the minimal and average distance between this state and the set of pure stabilizer states via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence, respectively, and extend them to the general mixed states through the method of convex roof construction. We investigate the basic properties of these two magic quantifiers and utilize them to evaluate the magic resource for some typical qubit and qutrit states. By comparing the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence with the min-relative entropy of magic and the stabilizer α-Rényi entropies, we find that the min-relative entropy of magic provides both an upper bound and a lower bound for the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence, and the stabilizer α-Rényi entropies provide a series of lower bounds for the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence. On the other hand, based on the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence for quantum states, we further propose two quantifiers for the magic-resource-generating power of quantum gates and demonstrate that the T-gate is the optimal diagonal unitary gate in creating magic resource for both qubit and qutrit systems in the sense of Clifford equivalence.
An explicit formula for the extended Gross-Keating datum of a quadratic form
Authors: Cho Sungmun , Ikeda Tamotsu , Katsurada Hidenori , Lee Chul-hee , Yamauchi Takuya
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we give a formula for the extended Gross-Keating datum of a half-integral symmetric matrix over a finite extension of

Q

p

\mathbb {Q}_p

(for

p
>
2

p>2

) or a finite unramified extension of

Q

2

\mathbb {Q}_2

. As an application, we describe an explicit formula for the Siegel series for

Q

p

\mathbb {Q}_p

. We also present the details of algorithms implemented in a Mathematica package to compute the extended Gross-Keating datum and the Siegel series.
A randomized lattice rule without component-by-component construction
Authors: Goda Takashi
Published: December 2024

We study the multivariate integration problem for periodic functions from the weighted Korobov space in the randomized setting. We introduce a new randomized rank-1 lattice rule with a randomly chosen number of points, which avoids the need for component-by-component construction in the search for good generating vectors while still achieving nearly the optimal rate of the randomized error. Our idea is to exploit the fact that at least half of the possible generating vectors yield nearly the optimal rate of the worst-case error in the deterministic setting. By randomly choosing generating vectors

r
r

times and comparing their corresponding worst-case errors, one can find one generating vector with a desired worst-case error bound with a very high probability, and the (small) failure probability can be controlled by increasing

r
r

logarithmically as a function of the number of points. Numerical experiments are conducted to support our theoretical findings.
Efficient computation of Wiener-Hopf factorization of Markov-modulated Brownian motion
Authors: Liu Changli , Xue Jungong
Published: December 2024

The Wiener-Hopf factorization, which is characterized as special solutions to a pair of nonlinear matrix equations, plays a crucial role in analysis of the Markov-modulated Brownian motion (mmbm). This paper deals with the general case where the diffusion coefficients are nonzero for some but not all states of the governing Markov chain. Based on a novel regrouping of the unknowns in the Wiener-Hopf factorization and a new form for the initialization phase, a doubling algorithm is proposed to solve the pair of nonlinear matrix equations simultaneously. With the parameters of the mmbm as input, this doubling algorithm is implemented in a subtraction-free manner to compute the Wiener-Hopf factorization to high entrywise relative accuracy. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate and confirm our claims.
Fourier multipliers via twisted convolution
Authors: Maity Arup Kumar , Ratnakumar P.
Published: December 2024

We study

L
p

→

L
q

L^p \to L^q

boundedness of Fourier multipliers on

R

2
n

{\mathbb {R}}^{2n}

, which arise as twisted convolution of functions from Lebesgue spaces. We also study the Fourier multipliers in the Lorentz space setting, and the analysis leads to a further class of

L
p

→

L
q

L^p \to L^q

Fourier multipliers on

R

2
n

{\mathbb {R}}^{2n}

.
A 𝑝-adic Second Main Theorem
Authors: Huynh Dinh Tuan
Published: December 2024

Let

K

\mathbf {K}

be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic, complete with respect to a non-archimedean absolute value

|

|

|\,|

. We establish a Second Main Theorem type estimate for analytic map

f
:

K

→

P

n

(

K

)

f\colon \mathbf {K}\rightarrow \mathbb {P}^n(\mathbf {K})

and a family of

n
n

hypersurfaces in

P

n

(

K

)

\mathbb {P}^n(\mathbf {K})

intersecting transversally and not all being hyperplanes. This implements the previous work of Levin where the case of all hypersurfaces having degree greater than one was studied.
On the symmetry of hyperfocal subalgebras of a block
Authors: Hu Xueqin , Zhou Yuanyang
Published: December 2024

L. Puig proved the existence and uniqueness of hyperfocal subalgebras of a block [Invent. Math. 141 (2000), pp. 365–397]. In this note, we show that these hyperfocal subalgebras are symmetric.
Chern flat manifolds that are torsion-critical
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Zheng Fangyang
Published: December 2024

In our previous work, we introduced a special type of Hermitian metrics called torsion-critical, which are non-Kähler critical points of the

L
2

L^2

-norm of Chern torsion over the space of all Hermitian metrics with unit volume on a compact complex manifold. In this short note, we restrict our attention to the class of compact Chern flat manifolds, which are compact quotients of complex Lie groups equipped with compatible left-invariant metrics. Our main result states that, if a Chern flat metric is torsion-critical, then the complex Lie group must be semi-simple, and conversely, any semi-simple complex Lie group admits a compatible left-invariant metric that is torsion-critical.
Classification of quasi-free compact group actions on Cuntz algebras
Authors: Gabe James
Published: December 2024

Quasi-free actions of finite groups on Cuntz algebras

O

n

\mathcal O_n

for

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

are classified up to conjugacy by data in the representation ring. Partial results are obtained for quasi-free actions by compact groups.
Quantum metrics on crossed products with groups of polynomial growth
Authors: Austad Are , Kaad Jens , Kyed David
Published: December 2024

We show how to equip the crossed product between a group of polynomial growth and a compact quantum metric space with a compact quantum metric space structure. When the quantum metric on the base space arises from a spectral triple, which is compatible with the action of the group, we furthermore show that the crossed product becomes a spectral metric space. Lastly, we analyse the spectral triple at the crossed product level from the point of view of unbounded

K
K

KK

-theory and show that it arises as an internal Kasparov product of unbounded Kasparov modules.
Some equations involving the gamma function
Authors: Eterović Sebastian , Padgett Adele
Published: December 2024

Let

V
⊆

C

2
n

V\subseteq \mathbb {C}^{2n}

be an algebraic variety with no constant coordinates and with a dominant projection onto the first

n
n

coordinates. We show that the intersection of

V
V

with the graph of the

Γ
\Gamma

function is Zariski dense in

V
V

. Our method gives an explicit description of the distribution of these intersection points, and can be adapted for some other functions.
Seeing ourselves among the stars
Authors: Davies C
Published: December 2024

Exploring identity-formation in astronomical outreach, aiming at a STEMM sector that reflects the full range of the people who made and maintain it
Increased occurrence of malignancy before and after chemoradiation for anal squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Hallemeier Chris L , Chang Daniel T , Lu Shou-En , Hathout Lara , Hristidis Vasilis C , Jethwa Krishnan R , Baclay J Richelcyn M , Manne Veeraswamy , Chakrani Zakaria , Haddock Michael G , Toesca Diego Augusto Santos , Pollom Erqi Liu , Wu Abraham J , Sandhyavenu Harigopal , Romesser Paul B , Jabbour Salma K
Published: December 2024

Background

Anal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cancer with increased occurrence of multiple cancers before and after the anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. However, there are limited data on this aspect. This multi-institutional analysis aimed to define the occurrence of malignancies before and after anal squamous cell carcinoma, time trends, and impact on survival and to identify prognostic factors.

Methods

Initial primary malignancy was defined as a malignancy occurring before the anal squamous cell carcinoma. Second primary malignancy was defined as a distinct primary cancer that developed after anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Retrospective multi-institutional chart review was done. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and prognostic factors were evaluated.

Results

A total of 647 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative intent were analyzed. Median age was 61.2 years with 72% as females. Of these, 150 (23.3%) patients had multiple malignancies with initial primary malignancy in 16% and second primary malignancy in 8%. Patients without prior cancer had better 5-year PFS (81.2% vs 67.2%, P = .011) and overall survival (81% vs 69%, P = .008) compared with those with prior cancer. Second primary malignancies had a statistically significant adverse impact on PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22) and overall survival (HR = 3.56). Females had better 5-year PFS (82% vs 70%, P = .016) as compared with males. The median time interval for developing anal squamous cell carcinoma (as second primary malignancy) after initial primary malignancy was 9.32 years.

Conclusions

Anal squamous cell carcinoma patients have an increased risk of multiple malignancies. These patients who have prior cancers have inferior outcomes. Second primary malignancy is a poor prognostic factor in patients with anal cancer. Second primary malignancy can develop years after treatment of primary anal squamous cell carcinoma.
Evolution of massive black holes in galactic nuclei
Authors: Inoue Hajime
Published: December 2024

We propose a scenario for mass evolution of massive black holes (MBHs) in galactic nuclei, to explain both the mass correlation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with bulges and the downsizing behavior of active galactic nuclei. Primordial gas structures that produce galactic bulges are supposed to be formed at $z \sim 10$ and the core region, called the nuclear region (NR) here, is considered to be a place for an MBH to grow to an SMBH. The downsizing behavior requires the MBH to significantly increase its mass in a time $\sim$1 Gyr. The rapid mass increase is discussed as being realized only when the MBH stays in a very high-density region such as the core of a molecular cloud throughout the period $\sim$1 Gyr. According to these arguments, MBHs formed from population III stars born in mini-halos at $z \sim 20$–30 are excluded from the candidates for the seed black hole for an SMBH and only MBHs from population II stars born in the core of the central molecular cloud (CMC) in the NR are left as candidates. The MBHs in the dense core of the CMC started increasing in mass through mass accretion and the most massive black hole (MMBH) saw the most rapid evolution, possibly restraining the relatively slow evolutions of the less massive black holes. Dynamical interactions of the MMBH with ambient MCs induced the wandering motion and the further mass increase. However, when the MMBH mass exceeds a boundary mass, dynamical friction with field stars brakes the MMBH wandering and mass accretion. This scenario can semi-quantitatively reproduce both the downsizing behavior and the SMBH mass–bulge mass correlation with reasonable parameter values.
Hyperelliptic and Trigonal Modular Curves in Characteristic p
Authors: Derickx Maarten , Najman Filip
Published: December 2024

Let $X_\Delta(N)$ be an intermediate modular curve of level N, meaning that there exist (possibly trivial) morphisms $X_1(N)\rightarrow X_\Delta(N) \rightarrow X_0(N)$. For all such intermediate modular curves, we give an explicit description of all primes $p \nmid N$ such that $X_\Delta(N)_{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}$ is either hyperelliptic or trigonal. Furthermore we also determine all primes p such that $X_\Delta(N)_{\mathbb{F}_p}$ is trigonal.

This is done by first using the Castelnuovo–Severi inequality to establish a bound N0 such that if $X_0(N)_{{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}}$ is hyperelliptic or trigonal, then $N \leq N_0$. To deal with the remaining small values of N, we develop a method based on the careful study of the canonical ideal to determine, for a fixed curve $X_\Delta(N)$, all the primes p such that $X_\Delta(N)_{{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}}$ is trigonal or hyperelliptic.

Furthermore, as a byproduct of the developed methods we show that $X_\Delta(N)_{{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}}$ is not a smooth plane quintic, for any N and any p.
FRK exerts oncogenic effects by targeting NQO2 via exosomal miR‐9‐3p to regulate mitochondrial function
Authors: Huang Hong , Wang Yan , Gan Jiadi , Bu Hong , Li Cong , Li Yi , Yang Yongfeng , Liu Dan
Published: December 2024

The role of Fyn‐related kinase (FRK) in promoting tumor progression and metabolism in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in our earlier study, and here we further explored whether exosome could serve as a key player in the relevant regulatory mechanism. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of FRK‐knockout (KO) cells and co‐cultured with NSCLC cells, showing negative effects on cell proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Exosomal miR‐9‐3p was selected as an intermediate messenger through microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. The miR‐9‐3p inhibitor and exosome inhibitor GW4869 were then applied in the co‐culture system to verify the contribution of exosomal miR‐9‐3p to cell malignant phenotype and mitochondrial function. Moreover, NQO2, a potential target of exosomal miR‐9‐3p, was also suggested to be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functional status. In brief, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which FRK promotes the malignant progression of NSCLC by targeting NQO2 via exosomal miR‐9‐3p to strengthen mitochondrial function.
Purification of mitochondria from skeletal muscle tissue for transcriptomic analyses reveals localization of nuclear‐encoded noncoding RNAs
Authors: Silver Jessica , Trewin Adam J. , Loke Stella , Croft Larry , Ziemann Mark , Soria Megan , Dillon Hayley , Nielsen Søren , Lamon Séverine , Wadley Glenn D.
Published: December 2024

Mitochondria are central to cellular function, particularly in metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle. Nuclear‐encoded RNAs typically localize within the nucleus and cytosol but a small population may also translocate to subcellular compartments such as mitochondria. We aimed to investigate the nuclear‐encoded RNAs that localize within the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells and tissue. Intact mitochondria were isolated via immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by enzymatic treatments (RNase‐A and proteinase‐K) optimized to remove transcripts located exterior to mitochondria, making it amenable for high‐throughput transcriptomic sequencing. Small RNA sequencing libraries were successfully constructed from as little as 1.8 ng mitochondrial RNA input. Small RNA sequencing of mitochondria from rat myoblasts revealed the enrichment of over 200 miRNAs. Whole‐transcriptome RNA sequencing of enzymatically purified mitochondria isolated by IP from skeletal muscle tissue showed a striking similarity in the degree of purity compared to mitoplast preparations which lack an outer mitochondrial membrane. In summary, we describe a novel, powerful sequencing approach applicable to animal and human tissues and cells that can facilitate the discovery of nuclear‐encoded RNA transcripts localized within skeletal muscle mitochondria.
Relationships Between Tacrolimus Exposure and Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Patients: The ExpoTac Study
Authors: Monchaud Caroline , Humeau Antoine , Crépin Sabrina , Kawsarani Lama , Villeneuve Claire , Etienne Isabelle , Rerolle Jean-Philippe , Marquet Pierre
Published: December 2024

In transplantation, the association of tacrolimus exposure with efficacy is better known than with adverse effects. The ExpoTac study explored the relationships between tacrolimus exposure and adverse events (AEs) in kidney transplant patients who benefited from at least 3 measurements of tacrolimus area under the curve (AUC) within 2 years of transplantation. The relationships between tacrolimus AUC, trough concentration C0, peak concentration Cmax, and AEs were explored using univariate analysis and Cox models in 386 patients (1281 sets of exposure biomarkers). Headaches and renal impairment potentially induced by tacrolimus were associated with significantly lower mean dose-standardized exposure biomarkers and a higher proportion of Cmax values above the median. Patients with tremor displayed significantly higher mean AUC0–24 (343 ± 79 versus 308 ± 63 hours·mcg/L, P = 0.041). Cox analysis revealed a significant association between (1) the time to the first headache report and mean Cmax, mean AUC0–24, and the proportion of Cmax values above the median (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] = 0.237 [0.007–0.538]; 7.499 [1.508–29.713]; 5.055 [1.577–17.137]) and (2) the time to first renal impairment report and the proportion of C0 values above the median (0.401 [0.098–0.681]). Refining AUC, Cmax, and C0 upper limits would help to refine tacrolimus therapeutic ranges and limit the risks of AEs after kidney transplantation.
Handgrip strength and diabetes in postmenopausal women: insights from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019
Authors: Chung Yun Soo , Baek Jin Kyung , Tran Thi Minh Chau , Kim Hae-Rim , In Jung Hye , Lee Jae Kyung , Choi Eun A. , Kim Hee Yon , Yun Bo Hyon , Seo Seok Kyo
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in postmenopausal women in Korea relative to the menopausal duration.

Methods

Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. A total of 4,098 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 65 years were included in the study. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on HGS with Q1 representing the weakest strength and Q4 the greatest strength. The association between DM and HGS was assessed using logistic regression analysis while adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results

Postmenopausal women aged 45 to 65 years with stronger HGS were less likely to have DM (P < 0.001). This association persisted even after adjusting for age, body mass index, and comorbidities (P < 0.001). The inverse relationship between HGS and DM prevalence was more pronounced in women who had been postmenopausal for >10 years than in those who had been postmenopausal for a shorter duration (P-interaction <0.001). In addition, compared to their nondiabetic counterparts, women with DM were less likely to be categorized into the Q4 group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that weaker HGS was associated with likelihood of having DM among postmenopausal women in Korea. Owing to the inherent limitation to the cross-sectional study design, further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the association between DM and HGS in postmenopausal women.
miRNAs in HCC, pathogenesis, and targets
Authors: Song Guisheng , Yu Xiaofan , Shi Hongtao , Sun Bo , Amateau Stuart
Published: December 2024

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. HCC, the most common type of primary liver cancer, is driven by complex genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. MicroRNAs, a class of naturally occurring small noncoding RNAs, play crucial roles in HCC by simultaneously modulating the expression of multiple genes in a fine-tuning manner. Significant progress has been made in understanding how miRNAs influence key oncogenic pathways, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as their role in modulating the immune microenvironment in HCC. Due to the unexpected stability of miRNAs in the blood and fixed HCC tumors, recent advancements also highlight their potential as noninvasive diagnostic tools. Restoring or inhibiting specific miRNAs has offered promising strategies for targeted HCC treatment by suppressing malignant hepatocyte growth and enhancing antitumor immunity. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate previous research and provide the latest insights into how miRNAs regulate HCC and their therapeutic and diagnostic potential. We delve into the dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis in HCC, the roles of miRNAs in the proliferation and apoptosis of malignant hepatocytes, angiogenesis and metastasis of HCC, the immune microenvironment in HCC, and drug resistance. We also discuss the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of miRNAs and delivery approaches of miRNA drugs to overcome the limitations of current HCC treatment options. By thoroughly summarizing the roles of miRNAs in HCC, our goal is to advance the development of effective therapeutic drugs with minimal adverse effects and to establish precise tools for early diagnosis of HCC.
Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise and ventricular arrhythmias: a suspicious association in athletes
Authors: Di Gioia Giuseppe , Ferrera Armando , Maestrini Viviana , Monosilio Sara , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Lemme Erika , Serdoz Andrea , Mango Federica , Pelliccia Antonio
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise (ABPR) in athletes is considered a risk for incident hypertension, conferring a higher cardiovascular risk profile. We sought to describe the clinical cardiovascular features of athletes with ABPR and, moreover, the relationship of ABPR with occurrence of exercise-induced ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs).

Methods and results:

We enrolled 1460 elite athletes (56.1% male; mean age 25.8 ± 5.1 years old), engaged in skills, power, mixed and endurance sport, who underwent clinical examination, transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and exercise stress testing. ABPR was defined as >220/85 mmHg in males and >200/80 mmHg in females. ABPR was found in 8% (n = 117) of athletes, being older (P = 0.049) and presenting higher cardiovascular risk profile (obesity, P = 0.007; glucose intolerance, P = 0.043 and familiarity for cardiovascular disease, P = 0.026). Athletes with ABPR had higher prevalence of exercise-induced VEBs (19.6% vs. 11.9% in normotensive athletes, P = 0.015). Uncommon VEBs morphology was more frequent in athletes with ABPR (64.7% vs. 19% in the normotensive, P = 0.0002). Finally, in those with ABPR and VEBs, TTE revealed greater left ventricular end-diastolic diameter indexed (P = 0–006), LVEDVi (P = 0.017) and LVMi (P = 0.04) compared to those without VEBs.

Conclusion:

A not small group of elite athletes (8%) presented an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise and exhibited higher cardiovascular risk profile compared to their normotensive counterparts. Moreover, athletes with ABPR showed higher prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias on effort and the combination of ABPR and ventricular arrhythmias was associated with more pronounced cardiac remodelling.