bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Rights Jurisprudence: An Essay on Methodologies. Special Issue - Comparative Law
Authors: Tourkochoriti Ioanna
Published: January 2018

Comparative Rights Jurisprudence: An Essay on Methodologies. Special Issue - Comparative Law

This paper discusses three approaches that can be helpful in the area of comparative rights jurisprudence, oriented in reference to three different kinds of studies that are possible in that area. To a large extent the methods for a comparative legal research depend on the research question and the goal of the researcher. First, a comparative law study may focus on the sociocultural context that led to the elaboration of differences or similarities in the protection of rights. Second, a comparative law approach can be a normative enterprise. It can focus on engaging in a philosophical analysis enlightened by the differences or similarities in the regulation of rights, in order to propose concrete solutions for the regulation of a right. Third, a comparative law approach can combine both elements of the two previously mentioned approaches. The paper discusses the challenges that the researcher faces in her attempt to use these methodologies and how these challenges can be overcome. The law as a normative discipline has its own constraints of justifiability. If what motivates a comparative law study is the search for principles of justice the researcher needs to persuade that her methodological approach serves her aim.
Delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid in België
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove J.M.M.
Published: January 2018

Delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid in België

De auteur gaat in op de staatsrechtelijke voorwaarden en beperkingen voor delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid in België. Op het eerste gezicht lijkt dit vrij streng geregeld, maar bij nadere beschouwing blijkt dat er in de praktijk toch de nodige ruimte is voor delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid. Dit kan ten eerste historisch worden verklaard, omdat de Raad van State en het Grondwettelijk Hof nog niet heel lang bestaan. Ten tweede is het Grondwettelijk Hof bij een flink aantal onderwerpen betreffende delegatie vrijwillig teruggetreden, zodat in die gevallen geen constitutionele toetsing plaatsvindt. Ten derde staat ook het parlement delegatie ruimhartig toe. Dat is waarschijnlijk een bewuste keuze, omdat de hoeveelheid wetgeving die door het parlement moet worden beoordeeld zodanige proporties zou aannemen, dat het parlement zijn controlerende rol in dat opzicht niet langer waar zou kunnen maken. Dit alles doet wel de vraag rijzen wat de toegevoegde waarde is van een uitgebreide theoretische constructie omtrent de toelaatbaarheid van delegatie.
Delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid in Nederland: tijd voor herbezinning
Authors: Verhey L.F.M. , Aal C.S.
Published: January 2018

Delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid in Nederland: tijd voor herbezinning

In deze bijdrage staat delegatie van regelgevende bevoegdheid in Nederland op het niveau van de centrale overheid centraal. Het lijkt tijd voor een herbezinning op het geldende constitutionele kader voor delegatie. De auteurs merken op dat deze uitgangspunten weliswaar formeel nog worden onderschreven, maar onder druk van maatschappelijke veranderingen wordt daar in de praktijk steeds vaker van afgeweken. De samenleving verandert in technologisch, economisch en cultureel opzicht snel en de regering staat voor de uitdaging om wetgeving die veranderingen bij te laten benen. Dit gebeurt mede door bijvoorbeeld steeds meer gebruik te maken van kaderwetgeving, waarbij op formeel wetsniveau alleen kaderstellende regels worden vastgelegd; de uitwerking vindt plaats in lagere regelgeving. Dit roept echter de nodige vragen op over onder meer de positie van het parlement als controleur en medewetgever. Het is vanwege deze ontwikkelingen dat het volgens de auteurs tijd is voor een herbezinning op het constitutionele kader voor delegatie.
Politiek-Media: 3-0
Authors: Melenhorst L.D. , van Holsteyn J.J.M.
Published: January 2018

Politiek-Media: 3-0. Over de rol van media-aandacht in wetgevingsprocessen

Hoewel al decennia onderzoek wordt gedaan naar media-effecten op ‘de’ politiek, is de aandacht voor de invloed van de media op wetgeving bescheiden. In deze bijdrage staat dit effect van media-aandacht op de parlementaire behandeling van wetsvoorstellen centraal. Uit drie gevalsstudies blijkt dat die aandacht weliswaar een rol speelt, maar dat het effect op de substantiële uitkomst van het wetgevingsproces verwaarloosbaar is. Media-aandacht heeft een zogenoemd klemtooneffect: het legt de nadruk op een onderwerp, argument of actor, en wordt primair als retorisch instrument gebruikt. Wetgevingsprocessen blijken niet immuun voor mediaberichtgeving, maar worden er zeker niet door gedomineerd.
De afwikkeling van medische schade onder de Wkkgz
Authors: Laarman B.S. , Akkermans A.J.
Published: January 2018

De afwikkeling van medische schade onder de Wkkgz. De beloften van het klachtrecht voor patiënten, de eerste stappen naar verwezenlijking door de ziekenhuizen en de eerste verrichtingen van de Wkkgz-geschilleninstanties

Door de Wkkgz vindt de buitengerechtelijke afwikkeling van medische schadeclaims plaats in het klachtrecht in plaats van het aansprakelijkheidsrecht. Zorgaanbieders moeten zelf proactief en oplossingsgericht schadeclaims onderzoeken en beoordelen. De rol van de patiëntencontactpersoon in het ziekenhuis, van de zorgverlener en de samenwerking tussen ziekenhuis en verzekeraar zijn daarmee ingrijpend veranderd. Dit overzichtsartikel bespreekt de eerste stappen naar implementatie van de Wkkgz, de aard van het klachtrecht, de noodzaak van triage, de werkwijzen van zelfregelende ziekenhuizen, de noodzaak van informed consent, BGK , de zeswekentermijn, de eerste resultaten van de Wkkgz-geschilleninstanties, en het wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van de Wet BIG.
De verjaring van een vordering tot schadevergoeding op grond van de blootstelling aan asbest na Heijnen/Maersk
Authors: Wolters P.T.J.
Published: January 2018

De verjaring van een vordering tot schadevergoeding op grond van de blootstelling aan asbest na Heijnen/Maersk

In Heijnen/Maersk volhardt de Hoge Raad in zijn oordeel dat het Nederlandse recht met betrekking tot de verjaring van een vordering tot schadevergoeding op grond van de blootstelling aan asbest niet in strijd is met het recht op toegang tot de rechter van artikel 6 lid 1 EVRM. Het arrest verduidelijkt daarnaast de afweging van de gezichtspunten van Van Hese/Koninklijke Schelde. Het sluit aan bij de conclusies in de bestaande jurisprudentie en literatuur. Deze verduidelijking ondersteunt het oordeel dat het systeem van Van Hese/Koninklijke Schelde niet in strijd is met artikel 6 lid 1 EVRM.
Islam, Europa en de ‘joods-christelijke beschaving’
Authors: Berger Maurits
Published: January 2018

Islam, Europe and the ‘Judeo Christian civilisation’

The term ‘Judeo Christian civilization’ dates from the second half of the twentieth century, but has of recent gained in popularity with politicians and policy makers. It seems to be no coincidence that this has a direct correlation with the debates on the position of Islam in Europe. This article is a critical assessment of the meanings of the various elements of this term: what is so Christian about European civilization, what is Judaism’s part therein, and what role does the Islam play? It is notable that one often considers this Judeo Christian ‘culture’ or ‘civilization’ as an uninterupted historical proces, while the second half of the twentieth century shows a clear rupture when it concerns values or the experience of religion. Also remarkable is that one often fails to make the differentiation between religion as a theological cult and as a culture carrier, or between the principles and the practice of a religion. As a consequence, the term ‘Judeo Christian civilization’ or ‘culture’ is being used in a very sloppy or selective manner, often with the purpose to exclude Islam.
Redaksjonelt
Authors: Tønnesson Johan L.
Published: January 2018

Vårt tidsskrifts første porsjon av fagfellevurderte artikler viser både bredde og dybde. Felles for dem alle er at leseren på samme tid kan lære nytt om teori og metode samtidig som vi blir mer fortrolige med bestemte tekster og tekstkulturer. Felles for tekstene som studeres er at de tilfredsstiller et hovedkriterium fra det nå avsluttede svenske sakprosaprosjektets innretning: Tekstene er blant de «mycket lästa».
Politisk flerstemmighet - hvordan skapes et partiprogram?
Authors: Tvedten Hilde Marie
Published: January 2018

I denne artikkelen presenterer jeg en analysemetode som legger vekt på dialogen mellom tekster i en retorisk situasjon. Med utgangspunkt i hovedfunnene fra min masteroppgave “Partiprogrammet som flerstemmig tekst – en retorisk genreanalyse av Arbeiderpartiets partiprogram 2009–2013 på bakgrunn av forslag som kom inn til programmet” gir jeg eksempler på hvordan denne metoden ble brukt til å analysere partiprogrammet som en dialogisk tekst, og jeg diskuterer om metoden kan være hensiktsmessig for andre analyser.
Partiene og offentligheten -- Norske partiprogrammer 1884-1906
Authors: Vatnøy Eirik
Published: January 2018

Artikkelen presenterer de sentrale funnene fra MA-oppgaven "Vaart valgopraab -- Norske partiprogrammer 1884-1906. Et teksthistorisk sjangerstudium". Oppgaven benytter teksthistorisk teori og metode for å analysere hvordan norske partiprogrammer oppstår som en egen sakprosasjanger i sammenheng med partiorganisasjonenes fremvekst og en omfattende strukturendring av den norske offentligheten på slutten av 1800-tallet. Partiprogrammene endres i denne perioden fra å være organisasjonsinterne tekster, distribuert i forbindelse med partiene landsmøter, til å bli massedistribuerte tekster som tydelig skal mobilisere og agitere ovenfor velgere i forbindelse med valg. Partiprogrammene gir også et innblikk i en til nå ukjent tekstkultur i de tidlige partibevegelsene i Norge. Særlig interessant er dette i tilfellet Arbeiderpartiet. Oppgaven gir en beskrivelse av hvordan arbeiderbevegelsen entrer skriftligheten, en utvikling som hadde stor betydning for organisasjonsstrukturen og dens rolle i offentligheten.
Digitalisert resepsjon av en klassiker: Louisa May Alcott i Bokhylla.no
Authors: Egeland Marianne
Published: January 2018

SammendragAmerikanske Louisa M. Alcotts Little Women (1868), litteraturhistoriens første (ung)pikebok, har blitt oversatt til mer enn 50 språk. Før den forelå på norsk i 1908 med tittelen Smaafrøkner, leste et stort norsk publikum Alcotts bøker i dansk oversettelse, fra de begynte å komme på 1870-tallet. Den lange og mangfoldige resepsjonen kan studeres ved hjelp av søk i Bokhylla.no: Nasjonalbibliotekets i verdenssammenheng enestående samling av digitaliserte bøker og periodiske publikasjoner frem til og med 2000. Hvilket bilde av forfatteren, hennes lesere og deres forventningshorisont kan trekkes ut av listen på 582 treff som et søk i Bokhylla genererte våren 2016? For å avgrense materialet legges det særlig vekt på treffene i aviser og konversasjonsleksika. I tillegg til å definere undersøkelsen som en resepsjonsstudie der det trekkes inn andre slags kilder enn vanlig, kan den betraktes som et eksempel på digital humaniora i praksis og på hvordan Bokhylla kan benyttes i litteraturforskning.AbstractLittle Women (1868) by the American author Louisa M. Alcott, the first ever coming of age novel for girls, has been translated into more than 50 languages. Before the first Norwegian translation was published in 1908, numerous Norwegians read the Danish versions of Alcott’s work when they started appearing in the 1870s. The extent, variety and multiple manifestations of the long Norwegian reception may be studied with the help of Bokhylla.no, the National Library’s digital stacks, a digitized library unparalleled in the world, containing nearly all published Norwegian books and periodicals until 2000. The article discusses the 582 Alcott hits resulting from Bokhylla in June 2016 and the image we can draw of the author on the one hand and her readers’ rhetoric and horizon of expectations on the other, especially based on the many newspapers and encyclopedias included in the search list. The study may be seen as an example of digital humanities, data mining and of how Bokhylla can be used in literary research.
Klimanarrativer i ulike sjangrer
Authors: Fløttum Kjersti
Published: January 2018

Innledningen presenterer utviklingen rundt studier av språkbruk i klimadebatten og i LINGCLIM-prosjektet. Deretter følger en kort gjennomgang av narrativbegrepet i et tekstlingvistisk perspektiv. Hovedinspirasjonen er hentet fra Jean-Michel Adams arbeid med narrativsekvenser, kombinert med enkelte aspekter fra Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) utviklet av Michael Jones og kollegaer. Dette rammeverket blir demonstrert gjennom enkeltstudier av ulike sjangrer: FN-rapporter, «Summaries for policymakers» i IPCC-rapporter, Green & White papers, Stortingsmeldinger og meningsmålingsdiskurs. Det overordnede forskningsspørsmålet dreier seg om i hvilken grad det er mulig å anvende en narrativ tilnærming i analyser av svært forskjellige sjangrer. Resultatene viser at det narrative perspektivet bidrar til å identifisere og forklare ulike komponenter og aktørroller i en kompleks klimadiskurs. I de avsluttende kommentarene pekes det på nødvendigheten av å bevege seg fra et narrativt makronivå til et lingvistisk mikronivå for å gjøre rede for klimadiskursens flerstemmighet (eller polyfonien).
Intimbiografi og kraftprosa - kan det være legitimt?
Authors: Hellesnes Jon
Published: January 2018

Forskningsmiljøet Norsk sakprosa arrangerte 10. juni 2009 eit ope seminar med tittelen Etikk på sakprosaplakaten. Eitt av foredraga blei halde av filosofen og essayisten professor emeritus Jon Hellesnes. Redaksjonen i Sakprosa finn foredraget så relevant for det vidare faglege og kulturpolitiske ordskiftet om den litterære sakprosaens etikk at vi vel å publisere teksten om lag slik han blei framført på seminaret. Redaktøren
Från demokratisk rättighet till tips och småknep i skrivandet Några nedslag i det svenska klarspråksarbetet
Authors: Palicki Lena Lind , Nord Andreas
Published: January 2018

Klarspråk beskrivs ofta som ett väletablerat projekt som syftar till att skapa enklare och mer läsarvänliga myndighetstexter, med målet att uppnå demokratisk insyn. Det praktiska genom-förandet av detta språkplaneringsprojekt har dock bara studerats sporadiskt. Artikeln utgår från forskning om språkplanering för att undersöka relationen mellan den politiska diskursen om klarspråk i språkpolitiska dokument och dess genomförandepraxis, såsom den realiseras i marknadsföringsmaterial från företag som erbjuder klarspråkstjänster och i en kort kurs vid ett kommunkontor. Resultaten visar att den ideologiska aspekt som framträder i den politiska diskursen om klarspråk är svår att identifiera på mikronivå, eftersom demokratiaspekten där nästan helt har trätt i bakgrunden. I stället används motiveringar grundade på effektivitet och minskade kostnader och andra fördelar för den enskilda författaren. I artikelns avslutning diskuterar vi därför om klarspråksprojektet riskerar att tunnas ut och förlora sin legitimitet om det konsekvent reduceras till att lösa de enskilda författarnas problem “här och nu” snarare än att inspirera till mer ideologiskt grundade förändringar i skrivpraktiker.Abstract:Plain Swedish is often described as a well-established project whose aim it is to create simpler and more reader-friendly public administration texts, in order to promote democratic transparency; however, the practical operationalisation of this language-planning project have been only sparsely studied. The current study draws on the Language Policy and Planning tradition, to investigate the relationship between the political discourse on Plain Swedish in language-policy documents and its operative side, especially as seen in marketing materials from small commercial providers of Plain Swedish services and in a short course offered at municipal offices. The results indicate that the ideological aspects of the political Plain Swedish effort are barely recognizable at the micro level, since its democratic aspects are virtually absent. Instead, arguments tend to reference efficiency, cost reductions, and other benefits for the individual writer. This study concludes by arguing that the Plain Swedish project may lose its validity if it is consistently reduced to resolving individual authors’ ‘here and now’ problems, rather than inspire a more ideological change in writing practices.
Využití gamaspektrometrie při studiu spodnobadenských sedimentů ve vrtu 2241_B Brno-Černá Pole
Authors: Dostalíková Lucie , Valentíková Hana , Nehyba Slavomír
Published: January 2018

Lower Badenian deposits represent volumetrically significant part of the Carpathian Foredeep infill. New drilled borehole 2241_B Brno-Černá Pole recorded sedimentary profile of these deposits with an almost complete core data. Two different Lower Badenian facies were documented. The first facies of calcareous clays (Tegel) have been documented in depths 20–167 m. Calcareous clays cover underlying “Brno sands“, which represent the second lithofacies and were recorded in depths 167–236 m. Gamma-ray spectrometry was studied on 418 samples of both clays and sands. The results show signifi cant differences in both concentrations and source of signal for these two lithofacies. Lower Badenian clays reveal in general relatively higher concentrations of Th and K than was recognised for Lower Badenian sands. However, concentrations of U are higher in Lower Badenian sands. Remarkable is unusually high U content in selected samples from “Brno sands” (which was also confirmed by supplementary XRF analyses). Whereas Lower Badenian clays were deposited in mostly oxidic condition, deposition of “Brno sands” reveals more reducing conditions. The value Th /K points to varying mineralogy of clays, which is preliminary connected with alternation of more or less humid/arid climatic phases during Lower Badenian. Similar diff erences within the Lower Badenian sands are explained by source area variations.
Tektonické porušení neogénu jižní části karpatské předhlubně v okolí Hevlína
Authors: Otáhalová Marie , Melichar Rostislav
Published: January 2018

V dané lokalitě na Mikulovsku byla rozpoznána deformační zóna s hustou sítí malých zlomů v neogením jílu v Karpatské předhlubni. Zlomy jsou nápadné od S-J, se směrem SZ-JV a směrem sklonu V-SV. Byly nalezeny dva systémy rýhování na zlomových plochách. Starší z nich se ponořilo pod střední úhly, zatímco mladší je téměř subhorizontální. Odpovídající starší fáze má orientaci σ1 273/69, σ2 98/21 a σ3 7/2 (μ = -0,61) a mladší fáze má orientaci σ1 333/43, σ2 70/7 a σ3 167/46 (μ = -0,31). Orientace s mladší fází se neshoduje s Andersonovou teorií a může být snad vysvětlena reakcemi na pohyby na zlomech v podloží.
Uran, thorium a draslík v krystaliniku a paleozoických sedimentech na mapovém listu 14-33 Polička – laboratorní gamaspektrometrie a parciální chemické složení variských plutonitů
Authors: Zimák Jiří
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with natural radioactivity of metamorphic and igneous rocks and Palaeozoic sediments within the map sheet 14-33 Polička. Studied rocks belong to three geological units: the Hlinsko Zone (phyllites and quartzites of the Mrákotín Fm., flysch sediments of the Hlinsko-Rychmburk Fm.), the Svratka Crystalline Complex (mainly mica schists, paragneisses, orthogneisses and migmatites, also amphibolites, skarns, erlans and quartzites) and the Polička Crystalline Complex (mica schists, paragneisses to migmatites and the Variscan granitoids are dominant). Concentrations of potassium, uranium and thorium were measured using a laboratory gamma-ray spectrometer in 805 rock samples. Data are tabled and discussed. Natural radioactivity of rocks is evaluated on the basis of the calculated values of mass activity of 226Ra equivalent (am). Slightly increased am values were found in migmatites and orthogneisses of the Svratka Crystalline Complex (187 Bq.kg-1 on average), granites and granodiorites of the Budislav Pluton (216 Bq.kg-1), granodiorites and rocks of a tonalite suite of the Miřetín Pluton (199 and 194 Bq.kg-1). Increased concentrations of uranium and thorium were found in some samples of pegmatite and aplite. Radioactivity of rocks of the Hlinsko-Rychmburk and Mrákotín Fms. can be assessed as relatively low.
Composer, enseigner et diffuser à la rencontre des musiques du monde : un entretien avec José Evangelista
Authors: Gervasi Flavia
Published: January 2018

Le 26 juillet 2017, l’ethnomusicologue Flavia Gervasi réalise un entretien avec le compositeur José Evangelista afin d’approfondir l’influence que les musiques du monde ont eue sur son travail de compositeur, mais aussi de professeur et de diffuseur. En effet, Evangelista est reconnu non seulement pour son engagement envers la musique classique contemporaine, mais aussi pour sa contribution importante quant à la diffusion de musiques non occidentales à Montréal, cela tant à titre d’enseignant que d’opérateur culturel. L’enjeu de l’entretien est ainsi de nourrir une curiosité intellectuelle intéressée par la question suivante : que fait un compositeur de formation occidentale avec des musiques non occidentales, qui constituent habituellement, pour un ethnomusicologue ou un anthropologue de la musique, un objet de réflexion épistémologique ?
Sous les eaux demeurent les mots
Authors: Nouss Alexis
Published: January 2018

S’appuyant sur la collaboration l’ayant mené à écrire trois livrets pour José Evangelista, l’auteur réfléchit sur le rapport du musicien à la littérature, au langage, à la structure narrative et à la tradition. À cette fin, le duende, tel qu’il a été théorisé par Lorca, lui sert d’emblème herméneutique, non par réduction régionaliste, mais en tant que principe esthétique affirmant le corps et le combat. Affirmation également d’une liberté créatrice qui, pour José Evangelista, est aussi liberté humaine.
Le rapport à l’écrit des élèves : focalisation sur la dimension métascripturale
Authors: Colognesi Stéphane , Lucchini Silvia
Published: January 2018

Cet article présente une partie des résultats obtenus au cours d’une recherche visant, à travers un dispositif appelé Itinéraires (Colognesi, 2015), le développement de la compétence scripturale (Dabène, 1991) dans ses trois composantes des élèves de 10 à 12 ans. Nous approfondissons ici la dimension métascripturale du rapport à l’écrit en suivant de manière fine quatre élèves tout au long du dispositif. Nous montrons ainsi le rôle des médiations métacognitives amenées par l’enseignant lors des tâches de (ré)écriture de textes. L’enjeu est, d’une part, de mettre en évidence comment les médiations métacognitives des enseignants amènent les jeunes scripteurs à développer les habiletés métascripturales et, d’autre part, de quelle manière cette composante agit sur l’évolution globale du rapport à l’écrit.
Perception étudiante de la commande d’écriture de mémoires et rapport à l’écriture
Authors: Samson Dominique , de Saint Martin Claire , Monceau Gilles
Published: January 2018

Le rapport à l’écriture d’étudiants est analysé à partir de la perception que ces derniers ont de la commande d’écriture des mémoires – professionnels ou de recherche – nécessaires pour valider leur diplôme. Notre recherche a été menée auprès d’étudiants, de formateurs et de responsables dans trois filières de formation dont deux combinent un diplôme professionnel et un diplôme universitaire. Le dispositif socio-clinique institutionnel a permis de mener la recherche transversalement à ces différentes formations et d’associer les sujets de la recherche à la production des analyses. Trois postures ont été identifiées pour décrire les rapports des étudiants à la commande d’écriture du mémoire: «écrire un mémoire comme un exercice à faire», «faire une recherche» et «se construire intellectuellement et professionnellement».
The History, Law and Practice of Cabinet Immunity in Canada
Authors: Campagnolo Yan
Published: January 2018

Canada has the dubious honour of being the sole Westminster jurisdiction to have enacted a near-absolute immunity for Cabinet confidences. Through the adoption of sections 39 of the Canada Evidence Act and 69 of the Access to Information Act in 1982, the federal Parliament has deprived the courts of the power to inspect Cabinet confidences and order their disclosure when the public interest demands it. Why has Parliament enacted these draconian statutory provisions? How have these provisions been interpreted and applied since they have been proclaimed into force? This article seeks to answer these questions based on a detailed examination of the relevant historical records, parliamentary debates, case law and government reports. The first section seeks to demonstrate that the political decision to provide a near-absolute immunity for Cabinet confidences was made at the highest level of the State, by Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, based on the debatable justification that the courts could not be trusted to properly adjudicate Cabinet immunity claims. The second section seeks to establish that the government has taken advantage of the inherent vagueness of sections 39 and 69 to give an overbroad interpretation to the term “Cabinet confidences.” In addition, by modifying the Cabinet Paper System, the government has significantly narrowed the scope of an important exception to Cabinet immunity, that is, the “discussion paper exception,” which was initially intended to provide some level of transparency to the Cabinet decision-making process. These problems are compounded by the fact that only a weak form of judicial review is available against Cabinet immunity claims which, in practice, makes it tremendously difficult to challenge such claims.
From Medical Prescription to Patient Compliance
Authors: Schlegel Vincent , Leray Emmanuelle
Published: January 2018

Background:

Approximately 12 disease-modifying treatments are available worldwide for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). These recent therapeutic advances have led to major changes in patient and neurologist attitudes toward drug prescription. Herein, we aimed to characterize patient choice regarding treatment for MS and identify how neurologists assess and monitor patient compliance during follow-up.

Methods:

In 29 patients with MS, we observed visits to their neurologist to understand how questions related to compliance were addressed in the doctor-patient relationship. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 of the 29 patients to discuss how they dealt with their drug prescription from a patient-centered perspective.

Results:

Of the 15 patients with MS, nine were offered a choice of treatment. However, we found that neurologists were not always willing to consider the patients' input. Even if physicians attempt to align treatment choice with patient preferences to ensure compliance, preferences are often assumed rather than solicited from patients. Furthermore, patients may be unwilling to make their own treatment decisions. Various ways for neurologists to assess compliance during visits were also identified. Noncompliance can be considered as a way for patients to communicate their preferences and demonstrate involvement in their drug therapy, and it can lead to a renegotiation of the current treatment course.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the neurologist-patient relationship has a great influence on patient compliance throughout the MS disease course.
ЈАВНЕ ПОЛИТИКЕ САВЕЗНЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ ЊЕМАЧКЕ У ОБЛАСТИ БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТИ
Authors: Ћеранић Предраг
Published: January 2018

Безбједносни изазови, ризици и пријетње којима јеевропски континент изложен сигурно нису мали. Европске земље, какочланице Европске уније (ЕУ), тако и друге, које то формално нису, алисе налазе у различитим фазама процеса интеграције, траже најбољеодговоре за растуће проблеме у области безбједности. Дефинисањеквалитетних јавних политика у области безбједности услов је за правилнофункционисање система безбједности сваке земље. Наравно да СавезнаРепублика Њемачка, главни стуб ЕУ, привредни горостас и земља чијиполитички утицај у Европи постоје све израженији, може послужити каоузор другима. Стога је проучавање јавних политика Њемачке, посебноначина њиховог креирања и анализа њихове дјелотворност у областибезбједности важан посао јер мање земље са слабије уређеним системомбезбједности у њемачком креирању јавних политика могу пронаћиузоре, и, сходно приликама и потребама, одређена рјешења и искуствапримијенити у пракси. Босна и Херцеговина је сигурно једна од земаљакоја од развијених европских држава попут Њемачке може да преузме иприлагоди одређене моделе којима је уређена област безбједности.
УЛОГА И ЗНАЧАЈ (ЛИСТИНГА) ТЕЛЕКОМУНИКАЦИОНИХ БАЗНИХ СТАНИЦА У КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧКО-ОПЕРАТИВНОМ РАДУ
Authors: Миладиновић Александар
Published: January 2018

Криминалистички аспект базних станица се огледа крознеколико сегмената који омогућавају долазак до одређених података,информација и сазнања у погледу индиција о нечијој (не)присутностина одређеном подручју за конкретан период. Оперативним кориштењеммогућности које пружају базне станице, те адекватним и благовременимкомбиновањем са другим оперативно-тактичким мјерама и радњама иистражним радњама може да се дође до одређених индиција у погледунечије криминалне активности, примарно посматрајући наведено крозприсутност, односно неприсутност сумњивих лица на мјесту извршењакривичног дјела у вријеме извршења дјела. Наиме, преко базнихстаница се, на посредан начин, за одређено вријеме или за одређенипериод могу локализовати корисници одређених телефонских бројеваили мобилних телефона на подручју које „покрива“ базна станица.Такође, базне станице омогућавају накнадно, посредно и прилагођено„праћење“ одређених корисника телефонских бројева или мобилнихтелефона лоцирањем преко базних станица преко којих остварујукомуникацију.
ГЕОПРОСТОРНИ НИВО АНАЛИЗЕ ЕКОЛОШКОГ КРИМИНАЛА
Authors: Грумић Синиша
Published: January 2018

У савременим условима, поред стандарднихорганизационих захтјева, јавља се потреба за посебним знањима,методама, вјештинама, материјално-технчким и другим средствима заефикасно рјешавање еколошких деликата. И, управо, практични циљовог рада би се огледао у могућностима његове практичне примјенеприликом остваривања еколошке безбједности од стране полицијскеорганизације, односно унапређења рада полиције. Приликом анализепостојећих резултата реализованих истраживања на геопросторуРепублике Српске, односно Босне и Херцеговине, која се односе наугрожавање еколошке безбједности, може се констатовати да суона спроведена у малом броју, и то већином у областима шумарства,водних ресурса, земљишта и биљног свијета. Са безбједносног аспекта,угрожавању еколошке безбjедности не поклања се довољна пажња, теовај рад има намјеру да допринесе безбедносној науци уопште.
Покушај изградње руске цркве у Сарајеву између два свјетска рата
Authors: Петровић Далибор
Published: January 2018

Између два свјетска рата у Сарајеву је постојала знатна популација Руса белогардејаца који су ту организовали свој живот и рад. Велики број тих људи био је изузетно образован а притом и свјестан својих коријена, културе и духовности. Жељели су да своје насљеђе очувају у новонасталим околностима, те су због тога и покренули иницијативу за подизање руског православног храма у Сарајеву. Ипак, за њих и средину у којој су обитавали често није било одговарајућег рјешења. Исто тако, уочљива је извјесна доза неспремности српских институција у Сарајеву да овој популацији пружи додатну помоћ на основу које би у Сарајеву руски избјеглички корпус оставио упечатљивији материјални траг свог постојања.
BAD and KATP channels regulate neuron excitability and epileptiform activity
Authors: Martínez-François Juan Ramón , Fernández-Agüera María Carmen , Nathwani Nidhi , Lahmann Carolina , Burnham Veronica L , Danial Nika N , Yellen Gary
Published: January 2018

Brain metabolism can profoundly influence neuronal excitability. Mice with genetic deletion or alteration of Bad (BCL-2 agonist of cell death) exhibit altered brain-cell fuel metabolism, accompanied by resistance to acutely induced epileptic seizures; this seizure protection is mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Here we investigated the effect of BAD manipulation on KATP channel activity and excitability in acute brain slices. We found that BAD’s influence on neuronal KATP channels was cell-autonomous and directly affected dentate granule neuron (DGN) excitability. To investigate the role of neuronal KATP channels in the anticonvulsant effects of BAD, we imaged calcium during picrotoxin-induced epileptiform activity in entorhinal-hippocampal slices. BAD knockout reduced epileptiform activity, and this effect was lost upon knockout or pharmacological inhibition of KATP channels. Targeted BAD knockout in DGNs alone was sufficient for the antiseizure effect in slices, consistent with a ‘dentate gate’ function that is reinforced by increased KATP channel activity.
Molecular and serological dynamics ofChlamydia pecoruminfection in a longitudinal study of prime lamb production
Authors: Bommana Sankhya , Walker Evelyn , Desclozeaux Marion , Jelocnik Martina , Timms Peter , Polkinghorne Adam , Carver Scott
Published: January 2018

Background

Chlamydia pecorumis a globally significant livestock pathogen causing pathology and production losses. The on-farm infection and serological dynamics and the relevance of existing diagnostic tools for diagnosingC. pecorumin livestock remains poorly characterized. In this study, we characterized the antigen and antibody dynamics of this pathogen in a longitudinal study of prime lamb production, utilizing the infection focusedC. pecorum-specific 16S rRNA qPCR assay and serology based chlamydial Complement fixation Test (CFT).

Methods

The study consisted of 76 Border Leicester mixed sex lambs (39 females and 37 males) that were sampled bimonthly from 2–10 months of age in a commercial farm operating in Central NSW, Australia. Blood/plasma was analysed for CFT antibodies, and swabs from conjunctival, rectal and vaginal sites were analysed forC. pecorumshedding using qPCR. We assessed the temporal and overall dynamics ofC. pecorumin lambs, including detailed description and comparison of qPCR and CFT, the timing of first detection by either diagnostic method, the lag between infection and antibody response; and the distribution of qPCR load and CFT antibody titre over time.

Results

Over the study period,C. pecorumwas highly prevalent (71.0% by qPCR, 92.1% by CFT, 96.0% by both), with 21.1% (16/76) lambs shedding ≥1, 000 qPCR copies/µl (denoted as high shedders).C. pecorumshedding (as evidence of infection) were first observed at two months of age (14.4%) with a significant peak of infection occurring at six months of age (34.2%), whereas seroconversions peaked at eight months of age (81.5%). 52.6% ofC. pecorumqPCR and CFT positive lambs became qPCR negative by 10 months of age, indicating clearance of chlamydial infection. Although CFT is utilised for on-farm detection of active infection, we confirm that it lagged behind qPCR detection (average lag 1.7 ± 2.1 months) and that the proportion of qPCR positives simultaneously identified by CFT was low with 2/11 (18.1%), 0/13, 17/25 (68.0%), 5/7 (71.4%) and 1/10 (10.0%) concurrent seroconversions occurring at two, four, six, eight and 10 months of age, respectively.

Discussion

This work reveals rapid rates ofC. pecoruminfection and widespread exposure during lamb production. The comparison of molecular and serological diagnostic agreement longitudinally, supports the use of qPCR as an important ancillary tool for the detection of active infections in conjunction with chlamydial CFT for routine veterinary diagnostics. Development of rapid Point-of-Care (POC) tools for diagnosing active infection would be valuable for producers and veterinarians.
Tissue material properties and computational modelling of the human tibiofemoral joint: a critical review
Authors: Peters Abby E. , Akhtar Riaz , Comerford Eithne J. , Bates Karl T.
Published: January 2018

Understanding how structural and functional alterations of individual tissues impact on whole-joint function is challenging, particularly in humans where direct invasive experimentation is difficult. Finite element (FE) computational models produce quantitative predictions of the mechanical and physiological behaviour of multiple tissues simultaneously, thereby providing a means to study changes that occur through healthy ageing and disease such as osteoarthritis (OA). As a result, significant research investment has been placed in developing such models of the human knee. Previous work has highlighted that model predictions are highly sensitive to the various inputs used to build them, particularly the mathematical definition of material properties of biological tissues. The goal of this systematic review is two-fold. First, we provide a comprehensive summation and evaluation of existing linear elastic material property data for human tibiofemoral joint tissues, tabulating numerical values as a reference resource for future studies. Second, we review efforts to model tibiofemoral joint mechanical behaviour through FE modelling with particular focus on how studies have sourced tissue material properties. The last decade has seen a renaissance in material testing fuelled by development of a variety of new engineering techniques that allow the mechanical behaviour of both soft and hard tissues to be characterised at a spectrum of scales from nano- to bulk tissue level. As a result, there now exists an extremely broad range of published values for human tibiofemoral joint tissues. However, our systematic review highlights gaps and ambiguities that mean quantitative understanding of how tissue material properties alter with age and OA is limited. It is therefore currently challenging to construct FE models of the knee that are truly representative of a specific age or disease-state. Consequently, recent tibiofemoral joint FE models have been highly generic in terms of material properties even relying on non-human data from multiple species. We highlight this by critically evaluating current ability to quantitatively compare and model (1) young and old and (2) healthy and OA human tibiofemoral joints. We suggest that future research into both healthy and diseased knee function will benefit greatly from a subject- or cohort-specific approach in which FE models are constructed using material properties, medical imagery and loading data from cohorts with consistent demographics and/or disease states.
OPEN-AIR MUSEUM: A RETHINKING FOR INDONESIAN PARADIGM (AN OVERVIEW TOWARDS OPEN-AIR VERNACULAR HOUSES MUSEUMS IN AUSTRIA)
Authors: Yusran Yusfan Adeputera
Published: January 2018

Undisputedly, globalization has changed the human beings. Unexceptionally the way we live. The value of tradition is slowly fading, replaced by modern lifestyles with all its pragmatism. Traditional houses are also abandoned gradually, changed by contemporary modern houses. Then, where these traditional houses should be? Fortunately for the locals who are still committed to consistently withstand with their traditions. In contrast to other deteriorated cultural peoples, which most of them are no longer willing to dwell their inherited houses. Here, open-air museum arose to be reconsidered. Behind its controversy, open-air museum has been an answer to the phenomenon of conservation in Europe. In the midst of the controversy over the value of the place, open-air museum become a solution for European when their traditional houses increasingly burdensome in terms of maintenance. This paper aims to give an image of how Austrians preserve their traditional/vernacular houses. Six biggest open-air vernacular/traditional houses museums that dispersed on characterized-cultural region over Austria will be described comparatively here in order to give a description about the prospect for Indonesia. There are numerous principles that could be considered as guidelines, both as a theoretical framework and technical issues. Resulted recommendation could be used as hints in conserving Indonesian traditional houses in a different perspective.
GENEALOGY OF HEARTH IN NUSANTARA HOUSE
Authors: Dewi Pancawati , Trilita Minarni Nur , Safeyah Muchlisiniyati
Published: January 2018

The use of hearth in Nusantara (especially in Indonesia) all this time shows a remarkable diversity. An important role is also shown through the location and activities around it. Genealogy of hearth in Nusantara can show the evolution occurred in the use of hearth. Through the typology approach and interpretive-historical method, genealogy can be arranged based on the form or shape, function, characteristics and location of the hearth in the house in Nusantara. Genealogy of hearth in Nusantara shows the sustainability efforts from society in Indonesia in adapting and making innovations to the changing times. Technology is used wisely without having to leave the tradition that formed the life pattern of society in Nusantara.
SETTLEMENT OPEN SPACE DEVELOPMENT BY APPROACH WSUD METHOD IN MANADO CITY
Authors: Warouw Fela , Kumurur Veronica , Moniaga Ingerid
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, the quality of green open space in urban settlements is gradually decreasing because of land use changes as well as new building construction. Moreover, urban community is often facing risk of river flooding and rainwater puddles during the rainy season. The purpose of this research is developing an urban open space network with function to managing rain water in settlement areas in Manado city. The WSUD planning principles is analysis as research variable and open space areas are defined into four type’s namely public zone, semipublic zone, semi private zone and private zone. This open space zones is considering into two main aspect, first the user of space (private or public) and next the decision maker (individual, groups, local government). The planning concept for urban settlement areas sensitive to water can be achieved by approaching three development types: open space network, buildings layout and streetscape.
BRIGHTNESS PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE INTERIOR DUE TO ROOM’S WINDOW COMPONENTS CONFIGURATION
Authors: Dinapradipta Asri , Krisdianto Johanes
Published: January 2018

The paper reports room’s brightness performance of glass dominance office building facade in Jakarta due to the use of tinted and reflective type of glass wall and the combination of these with internal roller and venetian shading types. Method used to collect the data was mainly by direct measurements at three open-plan office buildings with different window components configurations under overcast sky condition, and at parallel sitting positions. Comparing the results of measurement with the standard of luminance value for office building was used as data analysis. Results show that the window components configuration influenced the luminance values of the interior and thus affected mostly on the brightness perception of the rooms. Both tinted and reflective glazing configured with roller blinds yielded accepted luminance value of rooms’ surfaces. They contributed to bright enough light perception of the rooms. On the other hand, the problem of room’s luminance values may occur with the use of reflective type of glass configured with the venetian blinds. The blinds exacerbated the daylight coming from window in which it resulted in significantly high average luminance value of the window.
THE EFFECT OF BUILDING FAÇADE MODEL ON LIGHT DISTRIBUTION (CASE STUDY: MENARA PHINISI BUILDING OF UNM)
Authors: Jamala Nurul
Published: January 2018

Global warming issues influence the temperature of the earth surface. It is an impact on energy consumption, especially in buildings. Utilization of daylight is one of the factors that need to be considered, in order to minimize energy consumption as a source of artificial lighting. This study analyzed the distribution of light on the Menara Phinisi building of Makassar State University. Quantitative research method that is to describe the data of simulation in Autodesk Ecotect program. The research objective was to determine the effect of the building facade model on the value of illumination inside the building. Results of the study concluded that the decrease percentage of the distribution of light on the building facade using and not using the facade is 3,16% or 236 lux. Distribution of light in horizontal and diagonal facade models differ in the amount of 2,5%. Design analysis of the building serves as a guide for analyzing the influence of the building facade model so that it can create energy efficient buildings.
Arctic Ice‐Ocean Coupling and Gyre Equilibration Observed With Remote Sensing
Authors: Dewey Sarah , Morison James , Kwok Ronald , Dickinson Suzanne , Morison David , Andersen Roger
Published: January 2018

Model and observational evidence has shown that ocean current speeds in the Beaufort Gyre have increased and recently stabilized. Because these currents rival ice drift speeds, we examine the potential for the Beaufort Gyre's shift from a system in which the wind drives the ice and the ice drives a passive ocean to one in which the ocean often, in the absence of high winds, drives the ice. The resultant stress exerted on the ocean by the ice and the resultant Ekman pumping are reversed, without any change in average wind stress curl. Through these curl reversals, the ice‐ocean stress provides a key feedback in Beaufort Gyre stabilization. This manuscript constitutes one of the first observational studies of ice‐ocean stress inclusive of geostrophic ocean currents, by making use of recently available remote sensing data.
How Do Microphysical Processes Influence Large‐Scale Precipitation Variability and Extremes?
Authors: Hagos Samson , Ruby Leung L. , Zhao Chun , Feng Zhe , Sakaguchi Koichi
Published: January 2018

Convection permitting simulations using the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) are used to examine how microphysical processes affect large‐scale precipitation variability and extremes. An episode of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation is simulated using MPAS‐A with a refined region at 4‐km grid spacing over the Indian Ocean. It is shown that cloud microphysical processes regulate the precipitable water (PW) statistics. Because of the non‐linear relationship between precipitation and PW, PW exceeding a certain critical value (PWcr) contributes disproportionately to precipitation variability. However, the frequency of PW exceeding PWcr decreases rapidly with PW, so changes in microphysical processes that shift the column PW statistics relative to PWcr even slightly have large impacts on precipitation variability. Furthermore, precipitation variance and extreme precipitation frequency are approximately linearly related to the difference between the mean and critical PW values. Thus observed precipitation statistics could be used to directly constrain model microphysical parameters as this study demonstrates using radar observations from DYNAMO field campaign.
Whole Atmosphere Simulation of Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Solomon Stanley C. , Liu Han‐Li , Marsh Daniel R. , McInerney Joseph M. , Qian Liying , Vitt Francis M.
Published: January 2018

We simulated anthropogenic global change through the entire atmosphere, including the thermosphere and ionosphere, using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended. The basic result was that even as the lower atmosphere gradually warms, the upper atmosphere rapidly cools. The simulations employed constant low solar activity conditions, to remove the effects of variable solar and geomagnetic activity. Global mean annual mean temperature increased at a rate of +0.2 K/decade at the surface and +0.4 K/decade in the upper troposphere but decreased by about −1 K/decade in the stratosphere‐mesosphere and −2.8 K/decade in the thermosphere. Near the mesopause, temperature decreases were small compared to the interannual variation, so trends in that region are uncertain. Results were similar to previous modeling confined to specific atmospheric levels and compared favorably with available measurements. These simulations demonstrate the ability of a single comprehensive numerical model to characterize global change throughout the atmosphere.