bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O-087 FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTIVE TASKS BY OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIANS AND STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THESE – AN IMPLEMENTATION MAPPING APPROACH
Authors: Pees Suzanne Orhan , Van Oostrom Sandra , Schaafsma Frederieke , Proper Karin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Work-related mental health problems are a major and growing public and occupational health issue. This underlines the need for prevention, in which occupational physicians have a key role. However, implementation of preventive tasks can still improve. The aim of this study is therefore to identify facilitators and barriers for the implementation of preventive tasks by occupational physicians and to develop strategies to support the implementation.

Methods

This study follows the systematic approach of Implementation Mapping. First, a literature search was performed to identify facilitators and barriers. These factors were clustered in nine themes and scored by stakeholders on the aspects of importance and changeability. In addition, the stakeholders proposed strategies to counteract the barriers, which were scored on the aspects of expected impact and feasibility.

Results

The most important barriers are: insufficient knowledge about prevention among employees and employers, insufficient multidisciplinary collaboration and insufficient knowledge and skills of the occupational physician. Facilitators for the execution of prevention are: combining preventive tasks with other tasks and delegating preparatory tasks to other professionals involved in the organization, such as the prevention officer. Strategies proposed for occupational physicians to overcome the barriers are visiting the workplace to increase visibility, including multidisciplinary collaboration in contracts with OHS and highlighting best practices with regard to prevention.

Discussion and conclusion

These findings will be used to develop a peer support based intervention for occupational physicians, which will be evaluated in a cluster randomized controlled trial.
P-161 OCCUPATIONAL SKIN INJURIES: FROM ANALYSIS TO THE SETTING OF PREVENTIVE STRATEGY
Authors: Hakim Zina , Sellami Imen , Kchaou Amel , Dhouib Feriel , Hammami Kaouthar Jmal , Masmoudi Mohamed Larbi , Hajjaji Mounira
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Occupational skin injuries (OSI) are frequent and underestimated. Working in manufacturing settings is particularly prone to this type of accident. To develop appropriate prevention strategies, risk assessment is essential. The aim of our study is to describe the particularities of OSI, analyze them and propose appropriate prevention actions.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional study in a pastry-making factory. Quantitative analysis of OSI was performed by calculating the frequency rate FR, the frequency index FI and the severity rate SR, main indicators of work-related injuries. Qualitative analysis was conducted using the causal-tree method.

Results

The study included 47 employees who had been victims of OSI. The average age was 38.3±10 years. Average job seniority was 12.7±7.8 years, and 72.3% of the individuals occupied manual tasks. Among 52 recorded OSI, wounds counted for 63.5% and burns for 36.5%. Hands were most affected (86.5%). Four cases of second-degree burns were recorded, covering an average body surface of 1.75%. The FR, IF and SR indicators were 3195, 36.2 and 25.9, respectively. The causal-tress analysis enabled us to retrace the deeper facts that contributed to their occurrence.

Discussion

Agri-food industries are particularly known for the use of heat sources and handling sharp utensils. This suggests that OSI are frequent in this sector. In Tunisia, among reported occupational injuries, wounds and burns are the most frequent, and hands are usually the most affected site.

Conclusion

OSI in the agri-food sector require greater attention. Rigorous analysis will enable targeted prevention through technical and organizational measures, employee training and information
O-097 THE FORGOTTEN HISTORIAN: THE PASSION OF LUIGI CARROZZI (1880–1963) FOR OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE’S PAST
Authors: Riva Michele Augusto , Paladino Maria Emilia , Belingheri Michael , D’Orso Marco Italo , Mazzagatti Roberto
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Luigi Carozzi (1880–1963) is known for his role as Head of the Industrial Hygiene Service at the International Labour Office (ILO) from 1920 to 1940 and as the secretary of the ICOH from 1906 to 1954. However, Carozzi’s interest in the history of occupational medicine remained in the background.

Methods

This study is based on the examination of largely unpublished documents from the ILO Historical Archives (Geneva), and his personal papers.

Results and discussion

During his career, Carozzi showed a profound interest in the history of occupational medicine. This interest was likely inherited from his mentor Luigi Devoto (1864–1936), who rediscovered the contributions of Bernardino Ramazzini (1633–1714). Carozzi’s dedication to the history of occupational diseases is evident in writings published in French and Italian in 1930. Notably, his major work, the 1930 Encyclopaedia of Safety, begins with a motto from Ramazzini, and references to the founding figure of the discipline are frequent throughout the text. Carozzi was keen on presenting a historical image on the first pages of the Encyclopaedia, such as the “Landscape with a Foundry” (c. 1525) by the Flemish painter Herri met de Bles (c. 1490–1566). In 1941, Carozzi published his main work dedicated to the history of silicosis. Finally, according to the testimony of his son, Albert (1925–2014), Carozzi worked in his last few years on an unfinished treatise on the history of occupational medicine.

Conclusion

Luigi Carozzi’s originality, depth of analysis, and methodology established him as one of the early modern historians of occupational medicine.
O-098 VECTORS FORMATION OF RUSSIA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DISSERTATION RESEARCH IN THE PERIOD 1998-2020
Authors: Shigan Vgeny , Budaragin Valery
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The scientometric indicators analysis makes it possible to identify the various directions influence in the science development, to evaluate the flow of scientific information in quantitative terms and to predict its further formation. To do this, you can use dissertation research.

Methods

Dissertations in the specialty “Occupational Health” were selected on the Internet site of the Russian State Library in the Electronic Documents Fund, data analysis, generalization and mathematical processing were carried out.

Results

45% of researchers developed issues of occupational hygiene and 55% of occupational medicine. On the industry basis the works are devoted mining industry 25%, chemical and oil refining industry 15%, mechanical engineering 11%, metallurgy 10%. Of the clinical profile dissertations, the largest number is devoted to study of nervous and musculoskeletal systems (17%), the cardiovascular system 16% and the bronchopulmonary system 15%. There has been a reorientation from medical developments towards research on diseases prevention, their share has begun to approach half of the work and amounts 46%, the diagnostic methods - 12%; the clinical course study - 30%; treatment - 13%.

Discussion

The results confirm the relevance of developing the workers` health in industries with dangerous and harmful working conditions, show the demand for specialists who know the diseases aspects of those organs and systems that are often subject to a pathological process in occupational medicine.

Conclusion

The analysis of occupational health dissertations made it possible to identify the topics of study in occupational hygiene and medicine, to identify priority research areas and trends for the further development.
O-101 LEAKAGE VERSUS MATERIAL FILTRATION IN BARRIER FACEMASK EFFICIENCY
Authors: Bahloul Ali , Brochot Clothilde , Layne Barbara
Published: July 2024

Introduction

During COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Association recommend the wearing of facemasks to prevent the spread of virus.

Methods

Masks can significantly protect others and may offer some protection to the wearer. Although there are standards for FFRs (respirators), they all indicate the level of protection for the wearer. However, testing facial masks not at the point of inhalation, but at the source, the exhale, offers a new perspective on how to impede particle emissions.

Results

In this work, the experimental results show that, although the barrier face covering is less effective than respirators or surgical masks, it can reduce the concentration of aerosols downstream of the device. Three different facemasks are tested. Two heads manikin (emitter and receptor) are installed in a controlled environment chamber. A wet air jet containing NaCl particles is installed at the mouth of the head emitter. Barrier efficiency is defined by the effectiveness of the facemask in stopping the transmission of simulated virus to the receptor. The results on barrier efficiency show a rapid decrease in effectiveness the face covering is not sealed to the head. The barrier efficiency of two of the barrier face coverings tested is strongly dependent on leakage caused by the fit rather than the material.

Discussion and conclusion

While some materials certainly are more effective than others in inhibiting particle penetration, an even more profound factor is the amount of leakage emitted from a mask. New approaches to fit and design in order to reduce leakage an important factor in combatting virus aerosol transmission.
O-102 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND THERAPY BEHAVIOR OF WORKERS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Tanaka Masahiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Odagami Kiminori , Adi Nuri Purwito , Mori Koji
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The previous study showed that supervisor support was associated with continuation of diabetes treatment. However, little is known about the association between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and hypertension treatment. The present study examined the relationship between POS and seeking behavior of hypertension treatment.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2022 among employees aged 20 years or older using self-administered questionnaires. Out of 27,693 workers, 3,198 workers with hypertension were included in the analysis. The independent variable was POS score (0-48 points). The dependent variable was seeking behavior of hypertension treatment. We examined the relationship between POS and seeking behavior of hypertension treatment using logistic regression analysis. We adjusted age, sex, equivalent income, marital status, the number of employees in the workplace, and occupation as covariates. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the UOEH.

Results

There were 2,215 (69.3%) in the treatment group and 983 (30.7%) in the non-treatment group. The higher POS score by one point, the higher the odds ratio of seeking behavior by 1.01, a significant difference. (p-value = 0.02)

Discussion

The study found that there was a statistically significant relationship between POS and seeking behavior of hypertension treatment. A previous study showed that high POS in the workplace is associated with workers’ participation in health behaviors.

Conclusion

High POS may encourage workers to participate in health measures implemented by the company such as a health guidance after health examination.
O-103 WORKPLACE-BASED STAFF HEALTH SCREENING: AN EFFECTIVE NURSE-LED PROGRAM TO INCREASE PREVENTATIVE HEALTH SCREENING AND PROMOTE HEALTH AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Goei Anne , Lim See Ming , Tay Suzanna S K , Ng Choon Teck , Chew Eileen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Chronic disease burden is increasing in Singapore, with earlier onset -- among those with diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia (DHL), between 14.5% and 31.6% are aged 18-39 years. Chronic diseases result in disability and absenteeism, reducing income and work productivity. Screening is a valuable tool to (i) detect pre-clinical disease, allowing early interventions, and (ii) treat clinical disease early, reducing morbidity and mortality. Workplaces are a useful setting to encourage screening.

Methods

Collaborating with Human Resources (HR) and Operations, the Staff Clinic held a screening exercise among hospital workers from April-July 2023. Staff signed up online and registered under a separate queue at staggered times. Investigations were done within 10 minutes. Results were reflected online within 3 days. Those with borderline abnormalities were advised lifestyle modifications, while gross abnormalities warranted doctor’s consultation. HR bore screening and consultation costs.

Results

36% (n=1763) of eligible staff attended screening. Mean age was 31.03 years (±4.77 years). Staff were primarily nursing (36%), allied health (38%) and administrative (20%) personnel. 30% (n=537) had never undergone screening for DHL. 84% (n=1479) had no pre-existing DHL; of these, 12% had abnormalities. 15% (n=262) required follow-up consultations.

Discussion

Screening uptake and DHL disease detection increased. Total costs to HR were $57,344. Using an average of 1.9 days absent-from-work per chronic condition, potential lost wages among this population totaled $181,924, with projected cost-savings of $124,580.

Conclusion

Workplace-based screening programs can improve screening uptake, allowing earlier detection of pre-clinical and clinical DHL. Averted productivity loss was almost 3:1 that of expended screening costs, suggesting cost-effectiveness.
P-173 EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTEGRATED WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM ON THE LIFESTYLE OF EMPLOYEES: RESULTS FROM A CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Smit Denise , Van Oostrom Sandra , Engels Josephine , Van der Beek Allard , Proper Karin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

An integrated workplace health promotion program (WHPP) which targets multiple lifestyle themes at both the individual and organizational level is potentially more effective than a single component WHPP. The aim was to evaluate the effect of an integrated WHPP on the lifestyle of employees.

Methods

A two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial with measurements at baseline and six months was conducted. Working groups in the intervention condition implemented activities from a catalogue according to the integrated WHPP. The primary outcome was an overall lifestyle score, measured by the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire, consisting of questions regarding diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and stress. Effectiveness of the integrated WHPP on overall lifestyle score and the specific targeted lifestyle behaviors was analyzed using multilevel analysis. The Medical Ethical Committee of the VU University Medical Center approved the study protocol.

Results

Preliminary results of two organizations (n=90) are reported. The mean age of employees was 42 (SD = 12) years and 54% was female. The mean overall lifestyle score at baseline was 7 on a scale from 1-10 for both conditions. No significant changes on overall lifestyle were observed at six months follow up.

Discussion

A strength is the study design, which included the entire process of implementation and evaluation of the integrated WHPP. A limitation is that predominantly employees with a healthy lifestyle participated.

Conclusion

Preliminary results showed that the integrated WHPP has not yield an effect on lifestyle. This might be partly explained by the degree of implementation of the WHPP at six months follow-up.
P-177 COMMON TRAUMA IN THE WORKPLACE IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Eugenia Maria , Meraglia Igor , Prinzio Reparata Rosa Di , Maurizio Paolo , Stasio Enrico Di , Viti Giacomo , Magnavita Nicola , Arnesano Gabriele , Gasbarri Martina , Iuliano Angela , Matera Carmela , Mauro Igor , Mele Luca , Eugenia Maria , Viti Giacomo , Meraglia Igor
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Mental illnesses are reported to be very common after major trauma. However, even modest, persistent emotional harm and trauma can have an impact on mental health.

Methods

On a sequential sample of 901 employees who had routine physicals, a retrospective study was conducted. Ad hoc questions on the frequency of common trauma in the previous year (physical or verbal abuse, road accidents, injuries at home and at work, and bereavement in families) were inserted to the survey form. The Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression, while the effort/reward imbalance model was used to quantify stress.

Results

Violence was claimed to occur 19.4% of the time, job injuries 4.4%, car accidents 6%, home injuries 9%, bereavement and family issues 25%, and driving accidents 6%. Threats, harassment, and stalking were significantly linked with occupational stress in multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender; harassment, threats, driving accidents, home injuries, and bereavement were significantly associated with anxiety and depression.

Discussion and conclusion

When evaluating the occupational fitness of the workers during mandated health surveillance, the occupational physician should methodically gather data on mild trauma and mental health consequences. Minor, recurrent emotional injury and trauma can have an impact on mental health. For employees who experience minor trauma, companies should offer support and counselling services.
P-180 BEHAVIORFIT: ENHANCING WORKPLACE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING THROUGH FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN HUMAN RESOURCES
Authors: Calderón Mafud José Luis
Published: July 2024

Introduction and methods

This paper reports the results of an investigation that had the objective of measuring the impact of an intervention focused on the work environment, career development and training, from the point of view of functional behavior analysis, which served to reduce the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, somatization and requests for medical attention in service companies in western Mexico.

Results

The data revealed that workers who underwent physical redesigns of the workplace, provided access to continuous training and promotion opportunities through performance evaluation and an individual development plan, decreased the presence of employees by up to 50%. musculoskeletal symptoms, somatization and less absent from work due to physical and mental ailments.

Discussion

The evidence obtained shows that the work environment and job redesign are factors that influence the presence of psychosocial risks, and that human resources administration can resort to applied behavior analysis programs, together with development programs based on the performance, to structure simple and high-impact wellness interventions.

Conclusion

Based on these results, the BehaviorFIT intervention program was structured: Enhancing Workplace Health and Well-being through Functional Behavior Analysis in Human Resources, in order to offer a structured system for performance management, based on the redesign of the workplace. and a self-administered training plan that impacts the career development of employees and their physical and mental health.
P-181 OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF LESS FREQUENT TOOTHBRUSHING
Authors: Ishizuka Kotaro , Watanabe Yuuya , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Yamamoto Yu , Kimura Mitsuo , Nakagawa Tohru , Nagano Chikage , Horie Seichi
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Dental care has become increasingly important in occupational health to prevent not only periodontal diseases but also systemic diseases among workers. The frequency of toothbrushing is regarded as a health index to evaluate a dental care. We implemented a cross-sectional study in a large enterprise to elucidate the risks of less frequent toothbrushing.

Methods

A total of 16,247 examinees who had at least one dental checkup at Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Health Care Center in 2016-2019 were surveyed regarding their ages, genders, occupations, overtime hours, frequencies of night shifts and business travels, and the number of toothbrushing per day. The odds ratio of brushing teeth less than once a day was calculated by job category using multiple logistic regression analysis. We used gender, age, smoking and drinking habits, and job position as adjustment factors.

Results

The odds ratio of not brushing teeth twice or more was significantly higher in computer system engineers and mechanical designers (OR=1.15, 95%CI 1.03-1.28, p=0.0052. The frequency of night shifts, overtime hours, and business trips had no significant relationship with the frequency of toothbrushing.

Discussion

Heavy workloads not allowing mistakes and constricted working environment at the customers’ workplace may prohibit computer system engineers from brushing their teeth at workplaces.

Conclusion

A proactive approach to dental health seems necessary for workers who suffer from high work demands and less control.
P-185 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WELL-BEING INTERVENTIONS IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Gilek Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Mental health and well-being is a growing concern for organisations and policymakers across many occupations and industries. A 2022 report by the Health and Safety Executive in the UK revealed that the rate of self-reported work-related stress, depression and anxiety has shown signs of increasing when compared to pre-pandemic levels and in 2022 accounted for 51% of all work-related ill-health (HSE, 2022). On a positive side, in the UK more organisations than ever offer interventions to promote employee well-being (CIPD, 2020). Most current approaches focus on enhancing personal resources and creating an environment that is more health conscious (Richardson, 2017). For example, interventions aimed at building personal resilience or mindfulness are increasingly more common and have increased in the UK from 16% in 2015 to 33% in 2020 (CIPD, 2020). While this increased interest in employee well-being is encouraging, to date it is not clear what types of well-being interventions organisations should be looking to provide, to whom, and how different types of interventions may benefit employees. The overarching aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of well-being interventions.

Methods

The study is based on a qualitative research design and draws on 32 semi-structured interviews with employees, managers, and mental health champions in four UK-based organisations.

Results, discussion and conclusion

The findings highlight positive and negative implications of well-being interventions, which appear much more complex than those reported in previous literature. More importantly, the study shows there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution to mental health and well-being. Practical and policy implications are discussed.
P-186 PRECISION OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH USING DIGITAL THERAPEUTICS
Authors: Sharan Deepak
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Managing chronic health conditions in workers can be difficult due to the subjectivity of patient-reported outcomes and the focus on symptomatic management rather than understanding the underlying causes.However, a new category of medicine called Digital therapeutics (DTx) allows for treatments to be delivered directly to patients via software, apps, wearables, and digital devices. DTx is becoming increasingly popular as a low-threshold solution to improve access and quality of care.

Methods

This presentation will explore several emerging applications of DTx in occupational health. These include: Automatic real-time data collection by smartphones, wearables, sensors, connected devices, activity logs and user-generated content. This data can be used for assessment, clinical decision-making, and research.A risk-matched whole-person approach to care considering all aspects of a worker’s health and well-being.Digital pain phenotyping to guide the management and prognosis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Delivering personalised care based on available evidence using DTx. This includes physician-guided self-care through teleconsultation, telerehabilitation, virtual and augmented reality, eye tracking, motion analysis, exercise platforms, relaxation techniques, and psychologically informed rehabilitation.

Results, discussion and conclusion

- Facilitating lifestyle modifications related to chronic diseases and providing targeted health education. - Systematic tracking and monitoring of patient progress to ensure the effectiveness of treatment. - Supporting and strengthening the patient-provider alliance. - Facilitating communication and collaboration between members of the multidisciplinary care team. - Addressing social determinants of health and monitoring the recovery and prognosis of patients.
O-108 ASSESSMENT OF THE INCREMENTAL LIFETIME CANCER RISK BY WHO AND US-EPA CRITERIA FOR THE CONTRIBUTION OF PM 2,5 BOUNDED CARCINOGENIC PAHS INSIDE A UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM IN ROME
Authors: Gherardi Monica , Gordiani Andrea , Ribeca Martina , Pelliccioni Armando
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Directive 2004/107/EC identifies annual 1 ng/m3 benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as the air quality indicator for PAHs. The WHO still assumes the BaP for estimating the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR). Instead, US-EPA for the ILCR takes into account the contribution of individual PAHs to total carcinogenic potency (TCP).

Methods

WHO and the US EPA criteria were applied to assess the contribution to the ILCR of PM2,5-bound carcinogenic PAHs inside a classroom of the Sapienza University of Rome and outdoors. Aggregating data according to weekdays (WD) and weekends (WE), it allowed distinguishing the contribution by working and non-working days. WHO ILCR was calculated from the BaP concentration and the carcinogenic risk unit (UR) 8.7x10-5 ng/m3); that of US-EPA, from the TCP concentration and the carcinogenic unit risk of inhalation (URI) 6.4x10-7 ng/m3. The contribution of individual congeners to carcinogenic potency was also calculated (%potency).

Results and discussion

BaP_WE concentrations were similar to those of BaP_WD, while TCP concentrations about 1.15 higher, indoors and outdoors. ILCRs_WHO were approximately 60 times ILCRs_US-EPA. BaP and DahA contributed about 80% to the carcinogenic potency of the mixture, with the greatest contribution given by BaP_WD.

Conclusion

ILCRs for indoor carcinogenic PAHs from outdoor on working and non-working days show that the WHO criterion BaP based is more protective in representing the carcinogenic risk of the mixture. The US-EPA criterion, while considering the contributions of individual congeners, returns lower ILCR values, being however more sensitive to variations between weekdays and weekends, better reflecting the different contribution of external sources.
P-188 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHODS OF AIR PURIFIERS
Authors: Lin Cindy , Huang Sheng-Hsiu , Lin Chih-Wei , Chen Chih-Chieh
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) measures the appliance’s ability to reduce aerosol particles. There are two test methods for CADR measurement: pull-down and single-pass. Pull-down uses a chamber to measure aerosol concentration decay and obtain CADRC. Another method is to use the product of the air purifier’s flow rate and filtration efficiency, referred to as CADRE. This study compares the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods.

Methods

For pull-down, a small chamber is built to measure aerosol decay. The single-pass method uses a scanning mobility particle size analyzer to measure the aerosol number concentrations and particle size distributions upstream and downstream of the air purifier to obtain filtration efficiency and the most penetrating particle size (MPPS).

Results

Filtration efficiency increases with decreasing velocity due to longer retention times within the filter media. If the test aerosol is monodisperse, CADRE and CADRC should be identical. CADRE is consistently lower than CARDC when based on MPPS. CADRE is higher than CADRC when measuring the entire aerosol size spectrum. This mismatch becomes more pronounced as the spread of the aerosol size distribution increases.

Discussion

Through simulation, it is found that the longer the air purifier runs, the closer the aerosol size distribution is to MPPS. Furthermore, CADRC is overestimated if the test aerosol is far from the MPPS. Both performance testing methods have a reasonable correlation.

Conclusion

The filtration curve should be measured to determine MPPS. Hence, we can have a more conservative CADRE. The CADRE is more robust and faster than the CADRC.
P-189 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) IN A HOSPITAL BUILDING
Authors: Ketsakorn Arroon , Sripaiboonkij Penpatra , Suksawaeng Chaninpong
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Exposure to indoor air pollutants can cause adverse health effects especially if the workplace has poor ventilation. The purpose of this study was to assess associations of sick building syndrome (SBS) related to indoor air concentration and ventilation in a building in medical staff while performing task in a hospital building in Thailand.

Methods

The study was conducted between June and September 2022. Data collection involved using questionnaires which were developed by the researchers and used scientific instruments for the measurements of indoor air quality. The questions included population characteristics, work information, medical centre characteristics, indoor quality perception, indoor air quality parameters and SBS. The prevalence of SBS was classified into four groups: general symptoms, mucous irritation symptoms, lower respiratory symptoms, and skin problems. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze data.

Results

The results showed that factors e.g. gender, age, education levels, job position, duration of working indoor or outdoor, ventilation at workplace, use of office equipment with printer ink, use of volatile and smelly office equipment, use of cleaners and air fresheners in the room are significantly associated with prevalence of health effects e.g. general health symptoms (fatigue, aching at different body parts e.g. shoulder, neck, back, anxious nausea), lower respiratory symptoms, mucus irritation symptoms, and skin problems.

Discussion and conclusion

Therefore, efforts should be made to improve indoor air quality by applying ventilation systems in the building to reduce the prevalence of health effects that may occur in staff working in a hospital.
P-190 INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND HEAT STRESS FOR ELDERLY REQUIRING MEDICAL HOME VISITS
Authors: Chang Che-Jui , Yang Hsiao-Yu
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Climate change’s impact on public health is a growing concern, especially for vulnerable populations like the elderly. This study aims to assess indoor air quality and heat exposure levels for elderly patients in home healthcare settings.

Methods

During a three-month period from May to July 2023, this study focused on elderly patients receiving medical home visits from National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch. AirBoxes (Edimax AI-1001W V3) were placed in each patient’s home to monitor indoor PM2.5 levels, temperature, and relative humidity. Heat index (HI) values were calculated to evaluate the severity of heat exposure.

Results

The study included eleven elderly patients, with an average age of 72.5 years, comprising nine males and two females. Approximately 41.19% of person-time faced Extreme Caution levels of heat exposure (HI: 32.2 - 39.4°C), indicating significant exposure to elevated heat index values. An additional 37.06% of person-time experienced Caution levels (HI: 26.7 - 32.2°C). Moreover, 14.46% of person-time faced Danger levels (HI: 39.4 - 51.1°C) of indoor heat exposure. Regarding 24-hour average PM2.5 levels, 44.51% of person-time experienced Good air quality (below 12 μg/m³), and 43.67% encountered Moderate air quality (12 - 35.5 μg/m³). However, 6.88% of person-time were exposed to Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups of air quality (35.5 - 55.5 μg/m³), and 2.06% faced Unhealthy or Very Unhealthy air quality (55.5 - 250.5 μg/m³).

Discussion and conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance of indoor air quality and heat stress for elders. Proactive efforts to manage indoor environments are important for the elderly population.
O-116 HOW CAN SENSORS HELP OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS? INSIGHTS FROM THE EPHOR PROJECT
Authors: Mueller Will , Smith Alice , Loh Miranda , Kuijpers Eelco
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The use of low-cost sensors is becoming more prevalent in society and could help improve worker health and safety. Our aim was to gain insights on how to best develop these technologies and expand their use by relevant stakeholders.

Methods

As part of stakeholder engagement activities in the Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research (EPHOR), we developed a cross-sectional online survey to understand the acceptability and use of low cost sensors in the workplace from the perspective of occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals. Results were analysed using chi-squared tests.

Results

There were 195 survey respondents, mainly from the Netherlands (79; 41%) or the UK (69; 35%). Respondents were most interested in receiving information on peaks of exposure to different hazards (115; 81%), signalling of exposure above thresholds (109; 77%), and stimulating good working practices (106; 75%). There was no difference in sensor use by country, sector, or company size, but use was more common in hygienists compared to non-hygienists (67% vs 41%; p<0.001).

Discussion

While monitoring instruments are a typical part of many OSH professionals’ work, use of low-cost sensors is less common. However, there is an interest in adopting low cost sensors and wearables to help OSH professionals understand patterns of exposure and improve exposure management practices.

Conclusion

Development of practical lower cost sensors and wearables for day-to-day management of workplace exposures should include OSH professionals. This will help ensure that sensor data collected are useful to the target audience and will encourage the use of sensors to promote worker health.
P-195 DECODING ACID SOLUTIONS PERMEATION IN CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE GLOVES: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Authors: Da Wang -Jun , Lin Yu-Wen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Acid exposure may lead to contact dermatitis. Gloves are usually the last line of defense. This study assesses glove permeation behaviors under potential acid exposure by evaluating their performance against various acids.

Methods

This study employed ASTM F739 open-looped permeation test method, collecting samples every 15 minutes over 4 hours. Sulfuric acid (96% and 18%) and nitric acid (65% and 33%) were used as challenge solutions. Deionized water and artificial sweat served as collection media. Investigated nitrile gloves A (0.38 mm) and B (0.56 mm) and neoprene gloves C (0.60 mm) and D (0.75 mm). Permeation samples were measured using a pH meter, universal test papers for hydrogen ion breakthrough times (BTs), and ion-exchange chromatography for acidic ion BTs.

Result

The thickest glove, Glove D, exhibit no breakthroughs in all tests. Gloves A and B had average BTs of 50±8.66 and 125±22.91 minutes in the 65% nitric acid tests. Neoprene glove C broke through at 60±30 minutes in 96% sulfuric acid, earlier than nitrile gloves (glove A 110±8.66 minutes, glove B 175±8.66 minutes). Low acid concentrations showed no breakthrough. Permeation behaviors varied across the glove materials and acid ions. Collection media had no effect on BTs.

Discussion and conclusion

Glove material and thickness significantly impact acid solution permeation. The hydrogen ion concentration is crucial for BTs. Universal test papers were validated and recommended as practical low-tech acid breakthrough monitors.
P-198 3,3’-DICHLORO-4,4’-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (MBOCA) EXPOSURE AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN JAPANESE WORKERS
Authors: Nomiyama Tetsuo , Tsukahara Teruomi , Hasegawa Kohei , Mizuki Masaru , Yamano Yuko , Yamauchi Takenori , Okubo Shigeko , Takeuchi Yasuhito , Nishinoiri Osamu
Published: July 2024

Introduction

3,3’-Dichloro-4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (MBOCA) (CAS: 101-14-4) is used as urethane resin hardener etc. in industries. Mean concentration of occupational exposure limit (OEL-M) is recommended at 0.005 mg/m3, and biological exposure index (OEL-B) is provisionally recommended at 10 µg/g·creatine of urinary MBOCA after shift work by Japanese Society of Occupational Health (JSOH). Carcinogenicity classification of MBOCA is proposed as Group 2A based on sufficient evidence from animal carcinogenicity.

Methods

Personal exposure concentrations and biological exposure index of MBOCA in urine were assessed in ten male workers exposed to MBOCA during 5 consecutive workdays and next beginning of the work-shift in Japan. The types of works were handling dissolved MBOCA (type 1, n=3), handling molded urethane (type 2, n=3), and demolding urethane product (type 3, n=4).

Results, discussion and conclusion

No MBOCA personal exposure and urinary MBOCA were detected in type 2 and 3 engaged workers. MBOCA personal exposure were between N.D. and 0.2 µg/m3, these were below OEL-M. Urinary MBOCA were between 2.5 and 15 µg/g·creatinine in there type 1 engaged workers, and were relatively higher in comparison with exposure concentrations. It might be due to dermal absorption in addition to respiratory absorption.
P-200 AIRBORNE EXPOSURE TO LABORATORY ANIMAL ALLERGENS: 2005-2022
Authors: Mason Howard , Jones Kate
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The use of animals remains pivotal in many research studies. Predominantly mice are the species used, followed by rats. However, exposure to laboratory animals allergens is a well recognized cause of sensitisation with symptoms including occupational asthma (OA). Since late 2004 we have been monitoring major mouse and rat allergens, (mus m 1 and rat n 1 respectively), in air samples collected in animal facilities.

Methods

We have investigated the levels and changes in mus m 1 and rat n1 over the period 2005-2022. We estimated the annual incidence rate of OA based on case reports to the SWORD scheme (Manchester University), and the size of the sector from the number of personal license holders.

Results

5441 mus m 1 and 2042 rat n 1 results met the criteria for inclusion. Samples were derived from 429 site visits to 89 facilities. Approximately 10% of sites undertake annual monitoring. A significant downward shift in mus m 1 personal sample results was apparent from 2014 onwards, as well as significant downward trend in its 90th percentile from 2008. We calculated the annual incidence rate of OA as declining from 0.68-1.67 per 1000 staff for 2004-2006 to 0.30-0.81 per 1000 staff in 2017-2019. ie. about a 55% decrease.

Discussion and conclusion

A decrease is apparent in personal exposure in the predominant species used, together with a decrease in OA. A number of activities remain a potential source of high exposure in some facilities. The data allow facilities to benchmark their own monitoring results against their peers. ©Crown copyright (2023)
P-202 HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF NAIL TECHNICIANS IN THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS OF JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Keretetse Goitsemang , Brouwer Derk , Nelson Gill
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from nail salon activities presents a risk of acute and chronic health effects to nail technicians. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported symptoms associated with using nail products, and to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of selected VOCs among formal and informal nail technicians in Johannesburg, South Africa, using a probabilistic risk assessment approach.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to 54 formal and 60 informal nail technicians to elicit information on sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions, and self-reported symptoms. Passive sampling was used to measure 60 personal breathing zone concentrations of 20 nail technicians over a period of three consecutive days, for selected VOCs. In addition, 29 passive samples for formaldehyde were collected in the informal sector.

Results

The findings showed that the formal sector employs mainly females while the informal sector employs male and female nail technicians. With the exception of formaldehyde, all VOC concentrations were below their respective occupational exposure limits. Sixty percent of the informal nail technicians reported having experienced health-related symptoms, compared to 52% of the formal nail technicians. All nail technicians’ median and 95th percentile non-cancer risks exceeded the acceptable risk of 1 for xylene, 2-propanol, and benzene.

Discussion and conclusion

The cancer risk estimates (medians and 95th percentiles) for benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the US EPA cancer risk threshold of 1 x 10-6. These findings indicate that nail technicians are a risk of developing acute and chronic health effects from long-term low level-exposure to VOCs.
P-205 THE SAFECHROM PROJECT - EVIDENCE FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY SHOWS THAT HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IS STILL A CONCERN IN SWEDEN
Authors: Jiang Zheshun , Schenk Linda , Assarsson Eva , Albin Maria , Bertilsson Helen , Dock Eva , Hagberg Jessika , Karlsson Lovisa E , Kines Pete , Krais Anette M , Ljunggren Stefan , Lundh Thomas , Modig Lars , Möller Rickie , Pineda Daniela , Ricklund Niklas , Saber Anne T , Storsjö Tobias , Amir Evana Taher , Tinnerberg Håkan , Tondel Martin , Vogel Ulla , Wiebert Pernilla , Engfeldt Malin , Broberg Karin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen, but the current exposure to Cr(VI) at Swedish workplaces is unknown.

Methods

Recruitment of 113 workers with potential Cr(VI) exposure and 72 controls was combined with measurements of inhalable Cr(VI) (only exposed workers) and total Cr in urine and red blood cells (RBC), Bayesian analysis of occupational exposure limit (OEL) compliance was used, as well as the Swedish job-exposure-matrix.

Results

Exposed workers performed processing of metal products, steel production, welding, and plating. The geometric mean concentration of inhalable Cr(VI) in exposed workers was 0.15 μg/m3. Eight workers (7%) exceeded the Swedish OEL (5 μg/m3), and the share of OEL exceedances was estimated to be up to 19.6% for stainless steel welders. Urine- and RBC-Cr were significantly higher in exposed workers compared with controls. Workers with inferred non-acceptable local exhaustion ventilation showed significantly higher inhalable Cr(VI), urine- and RBC-Cr than those with acceptable ventilation. Workers with inferred correct use of respiratory protection had higher inhalable Cr(VI), and, paradoxically, higher urine- and RBC-Cr concentrations than workers with incorrect use. We estimate that ~17 900 Swedish workers are occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) today.

Discussion

Our study showed that although most air measurements were relatively low, 7% exceeded the OEL, and particularly stainless steel workers are at risk for exceeding the OEL. The existing protective measures implemented at workplaces are still inadequate and insufficient.

Conclusion

Some workers in Sweden are exposed to high levels of the non-threshold carcinogen Cr(VI). National strategies aligned with European strategies are needed to eliminate occupational cancer.
P-206 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL SETTINGS: IMPORTANCE OF AN ADAPTED BIOMONITORING STRATEGY
Authors: Mirela Ani Maria , Creta Matteo , Van Nieuwenhuyse An , Duca Radu
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The investigation of hygiene samples is often insufficient to evaluate the health risks due to occupational exposure. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool to determine directly the concentrations of substances or their metabolites in the body. In this context, we investigated workers exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an occupational setting by means of HBM in urine, integrated with air exposure measurements.

Methods

Exposed workers (n=57) were recruited during the remediation works in an old industrial site polluted by VOCs, from December 2019 until June 2020. Pre-shift and post-shift urine samples were collected together with continuous air monitoring for total VOCs using PIDs. Urinary concentration of methylhippuric acid; S-phenyl mercapturic acid; muconic acid; mandelic acid; phenylglycoxylic acid; trichloroacetic acid; o-cresol acid; hippuric acid were determined. Information about the performed tasks and personal protective equipment (PPEs) were also collected.

Results

The concentration of o-cresol were lower in the period before Covid-19 outbreak, ranging from 0.08 to 0.51 mg/gcreat, while, after the Covid-19 restriction, the concentration ranged from 0.34 to 0.55 mg/gcreat. However, the analyses of air samples have shown a higher VOCs concentration (1.72 – 33.98 ug/m3) in the first period, compared with the second period (1.5 – 12.03 ug/m3).

Discussion

In this study, it has been observed that concentrations of urine metabolites were highly related with exposure. These findings have been associated with an improper use of PPEs.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of HBM and its utility in better determining the absorbed dose compared with the more conventional environmental assessment.
O-120 DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH EFFICIENCY SOURCE-CONTROL DEVICE FOR COVID-19
Authors: Chiu Ching-Yi , Huang Sheng-Hsiu , Lin Chih-Wei , Chen Chih-Chieh
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Preventing the particles exhaled by infected persons from contaminating the environment plays a crucial role in breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19. This study aims to develop a breath-responsive personal exhaled breath aerosol receiver (BR-PEBAR) to capture exhaled particles without burdening the wearer’s breath.

Methods

BR-PEBAR comprises a hood, a connecting tube, a filter unit, and a fan powered by a lithium battery. A pressure-sensor-based microprocessor controls the autofeedback following the breathing pattern. A mannequin and a breathing machine simulate actual wearing and breathing conditions. The capture efficiency of BR-PEBAR is evaluated in an aerosol chamber to validate and optimize the design.

Results

The results show that the hood’s optimal height, width, and thickness are 3, 10, and 2 cm, respectively. The 3D design transparent sheet is designed to adjust the distance between the sheet and the face. This design effectively minimizes the interaction of the exhaled airflow with the environment. The BR-PEBAR achieves 99.9% capture efficiency without creating significant negative pressure inside the BR-PEBAR.

Discussion

The hood can be worn with ear straps or headbands. The heavy parts are hung from the neck strap or tied to the waist belt for comfort. If necessary, the capture efficiency can be even higher by adjusting the baseline negative pressure inside the hood.

Conclusion

The BR-PEBAR has high capture efficiency and comfort. It can control airborne diseases by preventing exhaled particles from contaminating the environment. Patients with airborne diseases should wear a BR-PEBAR.