bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The GUAPOS project
Authors: Mininni C. , Beltrán M. T. , Colzi L. , Rivilla V. M. , Fontani F. , Lorenzani A. , López-Gallifa Á. , Viti S. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schilke P. , Testi L.
Published: July 2023

Context. The G31.41+0.31 Unbiased ALMA sPectral Observational Survey (GUAPOS) project targets the hot molecular core (HMC) G31.41+0.31 (G31) to reveal the complex chemistry of one of the most chemically rich high-mass star-forming regions outside the Galactic center (GC).

Aims. In the third paper of the project we present a study of nine O-bearing (CH3OH, 13CH3OH, CH318OH , CH3CHO, CH3OCH3, CH3COCH3, C2H5OH, aGg′-(CH2OH)2, and gGg′-(CH2OH)2) and six N-bearing (CH3CN,13CH3CN, CH313CN, C2H3CN, C2H5CN, and C2H513CN) complex organic molecules toward G31. The aim of this work is to characterize the abundances in G31 and to compare them with the values estimated in other sources. Moreover, we searched for a possible chemical segregation between O-bearing and N-bearing species in G31, which hosts four compact sources as seen with higher angular resolution data. In the discussion we also include the three isomers of C2H4O2 and the O- and N-bearing molecular species NH2CHO, CH3NCO, CH3C(O)CH2, and CH3NHCHO, which were analyzed in previous GUAPOS papers.

Methods. Observations were carried out with the interferometer ALMA and cover the entire Band 3 from 84 to 116 GHz (~32 GHz bandwidth) with an angular resolution of 1.2″ × 1.2″ (~4400 au × 4400 au) and a spectral resolution of ~0.488 MHz (~1.3–1.7 km s−1). The transitions of the 14 molecular species were analyzed with the tool SLIM of MADCUBA to determine the physical parameters of the emitting gas. Moreover, we analyzed the morphology of the emission of the molecular species.

Results. The values of abundances with respect to H2 in G31 range from 10−6 to 10−10 for the different species. We compared the abundances with respect to methanol of O-bearing, N-bearing, and O- and N-bearing COMs in G31 with 27 other sources, including other hot molecular cores inside and outside the GC, hot corinos, shocked regions, envelopes around young stellar objects, and quiescent molecular clouds, and with chemical models.

Conclusions. From the comparison with other sources there is not a unique template for the abundances in hot molecular cores, pointing toward the importance of the thermal history for the chemistry of the various sources. The abundances derived from the chemical models are in good agreement, within a factor of 10, with those of G31. From the analysis of the maps we derived the peak positions of all the molecular species toward G31. Different species peak at slightly different positions, and this, together with the different central velocities of the lines obtained from the spectral fitting, point to chemical differentiation of selected O-bearing species.
The extremely sharp transition between molecular and ionized gas in the Horsehead nebula
Authors: Hernández-Vera C. , Guzmán V. V. , Goicoechea J. R. , Maillard V. , Pety J. , Le Petit F. , Gerin M. , Bron E. , Roueff E. , Abergel A. , Schirmer T. , Carpenter J. , Gratier P. , Gordon K. , Misselt K.
Published: July 2023

Massive stars can determine the evolution of molecular clouds by eroding and photo-evaporating their surfaces with strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation fields. Moreover, UV radiation is relevant in setting the thermal gas pressure in star-forming clouds, whose influence can extend across various spatial scales, from the rims of molecular clouds to entire star-forming galaxies. Probing the fundamental structure of nearby molecular clouds is therefore crucial to understand how massive stars shape their surrounding medium and how fast molecular clouds are destroyed, specifically at their UV-illuminated edges, where models predict an intermediate zone of neutral atomic gas between the molecular cloud and the surrounding ionized gas whose size is directly related to the exposed physical conditions. We present the highest angular resolution (~0.″5, corresponding to 207 au) and velocity-resolved images of the molecular gas emission in the Horsehead nebula, using CO J = 3–2 and HCO+ J = 4−3 observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We find that CO and HCO+ are present at the edge of the cloud, very close to the ionization (H+/H) and dissociation fronts (H/H2), suggesting a very thin layer of neutral atomic gas (<650 au) and a small amount of CO-dark gas (AV = 0.006–0.26 mag) for stellar UV illumination conditions typical of molecular clouds in the Milky Way. The new ALMA observations reveal a web of molecular gas filaments with an estimated thermal gas pressure of Pth = (2.3 – 4.0) × 106 K cm−3, and the presence of a steep density gradient at the cloud edge that can be well explained by stationary isobaric photo-dissociation region (PDR) models with pressures consistent with our estimations. However, in the H II region and PDR interface, we find Pth,PDR > Pth,H II suggesting the gas is slightly compressed. Therefore, dynamical effects cannot be completely ruled out and even higher angular observations will be needed to unveil their role.
All’s well that ends well: an early-phase study testing lower end-session exercise intensity to promote physical activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fessler Layan , Sarrazin Philippe , Maltagliati Silvio , Smeding Annique , Cheval Boris
Published: July 2023

Decreasing the intensity of exercise at the end of a session has been associated with greater post-exercise pleasure and enjoyment. Here, we investigated whether this manipulation can enhance affective attitudes toward physical activity (PA) and promote PA in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Seven patients (72.9 ± 5.6 years, 3 women) were included in an eight-week within-subject study consisting of weekly exercise sessions. The first four weeks were used as a control condition. In the last four weeks, 9 minutes of lower-intensity exercise were added at the end of each session (experimental condition). Results of the linear mixed-effects models showed that the addition of lower-intensity exercise improved the explicit affective attitudes toward PA (b = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.36 to 1.64, P = 0.022). We found no evidence of an effect on implicit affective attitudes (P = 0.564), accelerometer-based PA (P = 0.417) and self-reported measures of PA (P = 0.122). Although not significant, self-reported PA per day was 36 minutes longer in the experimental than in the control condition. The findings of this early-phase study may suggest that reducing the intensity of an exercise at the end of the exercise sessions enhanced explicit affective attitudes toward PA in patients with PD. Yet, future well-powered and randomized studies are needed to provide more robust evidence.
Conformity to the obligatory contour principle and the strict layer hypothesis: the avoidance of initial gemination in Maltese
Authors: Alqahtani Mufleh Salem M.
Published: July 2023

This research investigates how the avoidance of initial gemination in Maltese is motivated by conformity to the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) and the Strict Layer Hypothesis (SLH) in light of Optimality Theory (OT) as a framework. The data of this study were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The data in this study were harvested from existing literature reviews peculiar to the Phonology of Maltese. Furthermore, the same data were verified by consulting several native speakers of Maltese when necessary. This study concludes that initial gemination in Semitic verbs of pattern V (t-C1iC2C2eC3) derives from the assimilation of the [+coronal] feature of prefixes to the initial consonant of the following stem to conform to the OCP. Vowel prosthesis helps to affiliate an initial semi-syllable, as the peripheral member of this type of gemination, to the syllable node in order to comply with the SLH. Vowel prosthesis serves to ensure conformity to the OCP and to geminate integrity by the underlying initial geminates in non-Semitic verbs (from English and Italian) of CC-stems, which obey the SLH since their members belong to the same morpheme, unlike derivational forms. This research demonstrates the insightfulness of Optimality Theory (OT) as a framework to account for these phenomena in Maltese. The results of this study lead to future research pertinent to the analysis of both segmental and suprasegmental structures in Maltese in light of OT and their relationship to other languages such as Arabic, English, and Italian.
Comprehensive evaluation of higher education systems using indicators: PCA and EWM methods
Authors: Cao Cong , Wei Tianlan , Xu Shengyuan , Su Fan , Fang Haiquan
Published: July 2023

The higher education system refers to the organisational structure of higher education institutions and the staff and infrastructure needed to provide postsecondary education. To better develop a country or region’s higher education system, administrators need to have a handle on the current state of the system, which requires regular and realistic assessments of the quality and sustainability of higher education. Thus, this study constructed a quality-sustainability model (QSM) for national higher education. Nine countries with developed higher education and 13 indicators were selected to reference higher education quality and sustainability globally. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to downgrade these 13 indicators and extract the factor coefficient score matrixes. Of these, four principal components were used for further analysis. Each sub-indicator is assigned weights by the entropy weighting method (EWM) to obtain a quantifiable QSM. The model innovatively includes indicators such as “academic integrity” and is applied experimentally to data from nine countries to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of their higher education systems. The study found that each country’s education system has different strengths, and by comparing and summarising them, the findings can guide the development of future-oriented higher education. This study has made some development recommendations based on the model by combining multidisciplinary theories. The study enriches existing methods for assessing the quality of higher education and identifies the weaknesses and directions for the development of higher education in some developed countries.
An autoantigen-ome from HS-Sultan B-Lymphoblasts offers a molecular map for investigating autoimmune sequelae of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Julia Y. , Zhang Wei , Roehrl Victor B. , Roehrl Michael W. , Roehrl Michael H.
Published: July 2023

To understand how COVID-19 may induce autoimmune diseases, we have been compiling an atlas of COVID autoantigens (autoAgs). Using dermatan sulfate (DS) affinity enrichment of autoantigenic proteins extracted from HS-Sultan lymphoblasts, we identified 362 DS-affinity proteins, of which at least 201 (56%) are confirmed autoAgs. Comparison with available multi-omic COVID data shows that 315 (87%) of the 362 proteins are affected in SARS-CoV-2 infection via altered expression, interaction with viral components, or modification by phosphorylation or ubiquitination, at least 186 (59%) of which are known autoAgs. These proteins are associated with gene expression, mRNA processing, mRNA splicing, translation, protein folding, vesicles, and chromosome organization. Numerous nuclear autoAgs were identified, including both classical antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) of systemic autoimmune diseases and unique autoAgs involved in the DNA replication fork, mitotic cell cycle, or telomerase maintenance. We also identified many uncommon autoAgs involved in nucleic acid and peptide biosynthesis and nucleocytoplasmic transport, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In addition, this study found autoAgs that potentially interact with multiple SARS-CoV-2 Nsp and Orf components, including CCT/TriC chaperonin, insulin degrading enzyme, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, and the ezrin-moesin-radixin family. Furthermore, B-cell-specific IgM-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) complex (including MBZ1, BiP, heat shock proteins, and protein disulfide-isomerases) is enriched by DS-affinity and up-regulated in B-cells of COVID-19 patients, and a similar IgH-associated ER complex was also identified in autoreactive pre-B1 cells in our previous study, which suggests a role of autoreactive B1 cells in COVID-19 that merits further investigation. In summary, this study demonstrates that virally infected cells are characterized by alterations of proteins with propensity to become autoAgs, thereby providing a possible explanation for infection-induced autoimmunity. The COVID autoantigen-ome provides a valuable molecular resource and map for investigation of COVID-related autoimmune sequelae and considerations for vaccine design.
A deep dive into the ecology of Gamay (Botany Bay, Australia): current knowledge and future priorities for this highly modified coastal waterway
Authors: Stelling-Wood T. P. , Gribben P. E. , Birch G. , Bishop M. J. , Blount C. , Booth D. J. , Brown C. , Bruce E. , Bugnot A. B. , Byrne M. , Creese R. G. , Dafforn K. A. , Dahlenburg J. , Doblin M. A. , Fellowes T. E. , Fowler A. M. , Gibbs M. C. , Glamore W. , Glasby T. M. , Hay A. C. , Kelaher B. , Knott N. A. , Larkum A. W. D. , Parker L. M. , Marzinelli E. M. , Mayer-Pinto M. , Morgan B. , Murray S. A. , Rees M. J. , Ross P. M. , Roughan M. , Saintilan N. , Scanes E. , Seymour J. R. , Schaefer N. , Suthers I. M. , Taylor M. D. , Williamson J. E. , Vila Concejo A. , Whittington R. J. , Figueira W. F.
Published: July 2023

Context Gamay is a coastal waterway of immense social, cultural and ecological value. Since European settlement, it has become a hub for industrialisation and human modification. There is growing desire for ecosystem-level management of urban waterways, but such efforts are often challenged by a lack of integrated knowledge. Aim and methods We systematically reviewed published literature and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), and consulted scientists to produce a review of Gamay that synthesises published knowledge of Gamay’s aquatic ecosystem to identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities. Key results We found 577 published resources on Gamay, of which over 70% focused on ecology. Intertidal rocky shores were the most studied habitat, focusing on invertebrate communities. Few studies considered multiple habitats or taxa. Studies investigating cumulative human impacts, long-term trends and habitat connectivity are lacking, and the broader ecological role of artificial substrate as habitat in Gamay is poorly understood. TEK of Gamay remains a significant knowledge gap. Habitat restoration has shown promising results and could provide opportunities to improve affected habitats in the future. Conclusion and implications This review highlights the extensive amount of knowledge that exists for Gamay, but also identifies key gaps that need to be filled for effective management.
A constructional approach to causative support verbs in
Spanish
Authors: Jiménez Martínez María Isabel , Melis Chantal
Published: July 2023

Complex predicates formed with a semantically
bleached verb and a predicating nominal (take a
walk) have posed a challenge to grammatical theories.
One must explain how the two elements integrate into a semantic and
syntactic unit, without losing sight of the lexical constraints the
so-called support or light verb constructions are subjected to
(*give a jog). In this work, centered on a
family of Spanish phrases featuring an emotional state noun and
associated with a causative meaning (cf.
dar
miedo
‘to frighten’, lit. ‘to give
fear’), we adopt Goldberg’s
(1995, 2006)
analysis of “argument structure constructions”, introducing
necessary adjustments to fit the composite nature of the predicate,
and we show how Cognitive Construction Grammar offers a particularly
well-suited model to handle linguistic expressions that combine
regular syntactic properties with lexical idiosyncrasies.
The construction [a TODO Nsg] in
Spanish
Authors: López Meirama Belén , Iglesias Iglesias Nely M.
Published: July 2023

In this chapter we present a holistic analysis of
instances of the constructional idiom [a TODO
Nsg], as conceived, both theoretically and
methodologically, from the perspective of Construction Grammar
(Croft, 2001; Goldberg, 2006). The
construction under scrutiny here presents a high degree of fixedness
in use. Its free slot, as the reference corpora consulted have
shown, is filled preferentially by a series of nouns with
intensifying properties, especially those referring to speed,
loudness, power, and luxury or comfort.
From he aquí to
aquí está
Authors: Tacke Felix
Published: July 2023

This study provides a construction grammar
account in line with Lakoff
(1987) and Goldberg
(2006) of two types of deictic-presentative constructions
in Spanish, [
he aquí
NP] and
[
aquí está
NP].
Following up on Lakoff’s
(1987, pp. 462–585) seminal analysis of English
there-constructions and drawing on the findings
of Bergen & Plauché (e.g.
2005) on French
voilà
-constructions, it will be
shown how the formal properties of both structures are not only
linked to the same function but also motivated by it. This
synchronic constructional analysis is meant to lay the groundwork
for a subsequent diachronic account of the historical origins of
these constructions, that is, their constructionalization from
Indo-European and Semitic deictic particles (
he
aquí
NP) and from presentational
adverb-verb-subject constructions (
aquí
está
NP). It will be argued that
the substitution of
he
aquí
-constructions by

aquí
está
-constructions can be described in
terms of syntactic regularization. Depending on the matter in
question, this study relies on both qualitative and quantitative
analyses of corpus data.
On the role of verb-particle constructions in Old Spanish
Authors: Wiesinger Evelyn
Published: July 2023

The present contribution investigates
verb-particle constructions formed with

atras

‘back(wards)’ in
Old Spanish, against the background of the typological change from
(mostly) satellite-framed patterns in Latin to the predominantly
verb-framed strategies in the Romance languages. The study
innovatively combines diachronic Construction Grammar with a
functional-onomasiological perspective. This means that VPCs are
studied relative to “competing” strategies of motion
encoding such as instantiations of the prefix-construction
[re-V] ‘V back’ and newly formed path verbs
such as
tornar/volver

‘turn/go back’.

The diachronic study shows that VPCs are in
principle available at all language stages of Spanish. Moreover, the
onomasiological perspective suggests that the observed “rise” of
VPCs in Old Spanish could in fact be related to constructional
micro-changes occurring among path verbs and instantiations of
[re-V]. Within this network of functionally
related constructions, VPCs prove to form a transparent and
potentially expressive, mostly intransitive pattern to encode
directed motion meanings.
Structural Priming in the Grammatical Network
Authors: Ungerer Tobias
Published: July 2023

This book brings together research in cognitive linguistics and experimental psychology to construct a psychologically plausible account of grammar as a mental network. To explore the organisation of this network, the author examines evidence from structural priming, which occurs when speakers’ processing of a grammatical construction is affected by prior exposure to the same or a similar construction. Previous experimental findings are innovatively reinterpreted to shed light on various aspects of the grammatical network, including the strength of the similarities between constructions, the level of abstraction at which they are represented and the ways in which similar constructions can either boost or inhibit each other. Moreover, new experiments are reported that extend structural priming to phenomena like the resultative, the depictive and the caused-motion construction. The book is directed at theoretical linguists, psycholinguists and cognitive psychologists alike, showcasing how recent work in these areas can be integrated and extended.
IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation
Authors: Petersone Lina , Wang Chun Jing , Edner Natalie M. , Fabri Astrid , Nikou Spyridoula-Angeliki , Hinze Claudia , Ross Ellen M. , Ntavli Elisavet , Elfaki Yassin , Heuts Frank , Ovcinnikovs Vitalijs , Rueda Gonzalez Andrea , Houghton Luke P. , Li Hannah M. , Zhang Yang , Toellner Kai-Michael , Walker Lucy S.K.
Published: July 2023

Germinal center (GC) dysregulation has been widely reported in the context of autoimmunity. Here, we show that interleukin 21 (IL-21), the archetypal follicular helper T cell (Tfh) cytokine, shapes the scale and polarization of spontaneous chronic autoimmune as well as transient immunization-induced GC. We find that IL-21 receptor deficiency results in smaller GC that are profoundly skewed toward a light zone GC B cell phenotype and that IL-21 plays a key role in selection of light zone GC B cells for entry to the dark zone. Light zone skewing has been previously reported in mice lacking the cell cycle regulator cyclin D3. We demonstrate that IL-21 triggers cyclin D3 upregulation in GC B cells, thereby tuning dark zone inertial cell cycling. Lastly, we identify Foxo1 regulation as a link between IL-21 signaling and GC dark zone formation. These findings reveal new biological roles for IL-21 within GC and have implications for autoimmune settings where IL-21 is overproduced.
Accelerating a car from rest: friction, power and forces
Authors: Isacsson Andreas , Malmgren Niklas , Pendrill Ann-Marie
Published: July 2023

The directions of frictional forces for bodies in motion are conceptually challenging. Students may be able to provide a correct solution using only calculus without drawing free-body diagrams. This can make their misconceptions go unnoticed and put them at risk to become further reinforced. Here, we discuss first-year bachelor students’ responses to multiple-choice questions and an open-ended question regarding friction when they come fresh out of high school. We further look into student solutions submitted to a national competition in physics for high-school students involving a problem concerning the acceleration of an electric rear-wheel drive car. Finding that most students had avoided drawing figures, we discuss to what extent teachers’ grading practices contribute to students’ development of problem-solving habits.
Quasinormal modes from EFT of black hole perturbations with timelike scalar profile
Authors: Mukohyama Shinji , Takahashi Kazufumi , Tomikawa Keitaro , Yingcharoenrat Vicharit
Published: July 2023

The Effective Field Theory (EFT) of perturbations on an arbitrary background geometry with a timelike scalar profile was recently constructed in the context of scalar-tensor theories. In this paper, we use this EFT to study quasinormal frequencies of odd-parity perturbations on a static and spherically symmetric black hole background. Keeping a set of operators that can accommodate shift-symmetric quadratic higher-order scalar-tensor theories, we demonstrate the computation for two examples of hairy black holes, of which one is the stealth Schwarzschild solution and the other is the Hayward metric accompanied by a non-trivial scalar field. We emphasize that this is the first phenomenological application of the EFT, opening a new possibility to test general relativity and modified gravity theories in the strong gravity regime.
Design of distributed feedback lasers grown on Si using time-domain traveling wave model combined with mode refractive index method
Authors: Ming Rui , Wang Jun , Liu Shuaicheng , Ge Qing , Lin Feng , Zhai Hao , Ma Bojie , Liu Zhuoliang , Liu Hao , Bai Yiming , Cai Shiwei , Huang Yongqing , Ren Xiaomin
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes an optimization method combining the time-domain traveling wave model and the mode refractive index method, employed for characterizing both the transverse and longitudinal modes of quantum dot distributed feedback (DFB) lasers grown on Si. We use this method to optimize the overall performance of the Si-based DFB laser, and determine the material and chip structural parameters, including the ridge width, etching depth, grating thickness and grating position as optimization parameters. Here, the optimal DFB laser operating under fundamental transverse and single longitudinal mode is obtained. Its threshold current is as low as 5 mA, the slope efficiency is as high as 0.77 mW mA−1, and the side mode suppression ratio is up to 48 dB. When the injection current is 150 mA, the output power exceeds 100 mW. The corresponding ridge width, etching depth and grating thickness are 2 μm, 1.3 μm and 20 nm, respectively. The distance from the grating to the active region is 200 nm. Therefore, the novel method presented in this paper offers an effective scheme for the design of DFB lasers grown on Si with excellent performance.
A sub-region combination scheme for spatial coding in a high-frequency SSVEP-based BCI
Authors: Hu Ruochen , Ming Gege , Wang Yijun , Gao Xiaorong
Published: July 2023

Objective. In studying the spatial coding mechanism of visual evoked potentials, it is significant to construct a model that shows the relationship between steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses to the local and global visual field stimulation. In order to investigate whether SSVEPs produced by sub-region stimulation can predict that produced by joint region stimulation, a sub-region combination scheme for spatial coding in a high-frequency SSVEP-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is developed innovatively. Approach. An annular visual field is divided equally into eight sub-regions. The 60 Hz visual stimuli in different sub-regions and joint regions are presented separately to participants. The SSVEP produced by the sub-region stimulation is superimposed to simulate the SSVEP produced by the joint region stimulation with different spatial combinations. A four-class spatially-coded BCI paradigm is used to evaluate the simulated classification performance, and the performance ranking of all simulated SSVEPs is obtained. Six representative stimulus patterns from two performance levels and three stimulus areas are applied to the online BCI system for each participant. Main results. The experimental result shows that the proposed scheme can implement a spatially-coded visual BCI system and realize satisfactory performance with imperceptible flicker. Offline analysis indicates that the classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) are 89.69 ± 8.75% and 24.35 ± 7.09 bits min−1 with 3 s data length under the 3/8 stimulus area. The online BCI system reaches an average classification accuracy of 87.50 ± 9.13% with 3 s data length, resulting in an ITR of 22.48 ± 6.71 bits min−1 under the 3/8 stimulus area. Significance. This study proves the feasibility of using the sub-region’s response to predict the joint region’s response. It has the potential to extend to other frequency bands and lays a foundation for future research on more complex spatial coding methods.
Abstraction and simulation of EV battery systems—resilience engineering by biological transformation
Authors: Hess Katharina , Bessler Simon , Schneider Johannes M , von Ramin Malte
Published: July 2023

While the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is continuously growing, safety issues still remain, specifically related to fire hazards. This research aims to improve the resilience of battery systems in EVs by transferring concepts found in biology to a bioinspired battery system. Due to the complexity of modern battery systems, the biological concepts cannot be applied directly. A simplified simulation battery system for EVs is modelled, which contains the essential battery components necessary to understand both, software and battery dynamics. This is used as a baseline model to study the effects of typical heat-related disturbances. Subsequently, this simulation model is modified to demonstrate the transfer of biological concepts underlying specifically the hypersensitization and vasospasm mechanisms related to wound healing, and to test the effects of disturbances and alterations comparable to damages caused by vehicle accidents. As a battery system’s mass and volume should not be increased by additional hardware, the biological concepts target the interaction within, and the composition of, the system, while leaving single components relatively unchanged. It is found that small bioinspired alterations to the battery system can have significant impacts on their vulnerability to common hazards.
The Development of the Space Utilization Trading Function in the Integrated High Education Area of Makassar City
Authors: Arief Rimba , Rasyidi Emil Salim , Taking Muh. Idris
Published: July 2023

Regulation of spatial use patterns is the basis for developing a balanced and integrated city. The rapid development of space utilization in Makassar for commercial aspects can threaten its dynamic balance. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the tendency of space utilization of business functions, which significantly impacts the integrated high education area. This research aims to describe the space utilization trading function’s development towards spatial planning in the integrated high education area over 2005-2013. This research used a quantitative deductive approach. The primary data was Maps image and Map Land Parcels of Makassar City in 2005-2013d. The analysis methods used in this research, namely quantitative analysis, use GIS applications to describe the space utilization trading function’s development toward spatial planning in the integrated high education area. The finding of this research showed that there had been a rapid and significant development of space utilization on trade function. This trend is faster than the distribution of space utilization on education function.
Magnetic Levitation System Prototype Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control
Authors: Satria Rayhan Asprilla , Suhendi Asep , Qurthobi Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Magnetic levitation is a phenomenon of levitation objects by using a magnetic field to defy gravity. Magnetic levitation is an interesting research topic widely used in industry or transportation such as magnetic levitation trains, conveyors, lifts, and many more. In general, magnetic levitation can be realized by regulating the current as a magnetic field source. However, due to the normally unstable power supply source, results in magnetic field instability. Therefore, a magnetic field control system is needed to stabilize the magnetic levitation system. In this study, a magnetic lifting system has been developed using the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control method and hall effect sensor. The result shows that by using the PID controller, the magnetic object successfully floated stably at the reference point form 1.4 cm to 6.5 cm with an error ± 0.02 cm and overshoot 0.2 cm, if without using PID, oscillations occur with an error rate of ± 0.1 cm and overshoot of 0.6 cm.
The Simulation of Frequency Stability Settings of PV-Diesel Electric Hybrid Power Plant
Authors: Syarif Irwan , Putri Andi Nur , Syamsurijal  , Mappeasse Muhammad Yusuf
Published: July 2023

In power generation, several problems, such as high gain settings in the automatic voltage regulator and many transmission networks, can increase low-frequency oscillations in the line. This study aims to determine the stability adjustment of Hybrid PV - Diesel Generating Load Frequency. In this study, simulation was done by using the Simulink Matlab program. The control design is applied by finding the optimum proportional-integral (PI) to set the program’s load frequency. The transfer function from the photovoltaic and diesel diagrams was changed to a matrix and applied in the M-File to get the control value by tuning the damping ratio. The real part of the simulation was obtained to get the optimal overshoot and rise time. The lowest fundamental element, the faster the system responds. Regulations and monitoring systems are carried out to maintain power quality and maintain the stability of frequency fluctuations caused by arbitrary power at generation and on the load side. It also supports the stability of power flow fluctuations in the power line tie-line due to frequency fluctuations from the system interconnection hybrid.
Machine-learning Kohn–Sham potential from dynamics in time-dependent Kohn–Sham systems
Authors: Yang Jun , Whitfield James
Published: July 2023

The construction of a better exchange-correlation potential in time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) can improve the accuracy of TDDFT calculations and provide more accurate predictions of the properties of many-electron systems. Here, we propose a machine learning method to develop the energy functional and the Kohn–Sham potential of a time-dependent Kohn–Sham (TDKS) system is proposed. The method is based on the dynamics of the Kohn–Sham system and does not require any data on the exact Kohn–Sham potential for training the model. We demonstrate the results of our method with a 1D harmonic oscillator example and a 1D two-electron example. We show that the machine-learned Kohn–Sham potential matches the exact Kohn–Sham potential in the absence of memory effect. Our method can still capture the dynamics of the Kohn–Sham system in the presence of memory effects. The machine learning method developed in this article provides insight into making better approximations of the energy functional and the Kohn–Sham potential in the TDKS system.
High-entropy electrolytes in boosting battery performance
Authors: Xu Jijian
Published: July 2023

Entropy, once overlooked, is an essential aspect of electrolytes. Recently emerged high-entropy electrolytes with multiple components provide vast compositional space and interfacial chemistry possibilities for electrolyte design. It is noteworthy that high-entropy electrolytes exhibit extraordinarily high ionic conductivity at low temperatures, thereby creating a new direction for batteries to operate at ultra-low temperatures. This commentary discusses the underlying mechanism, challenges encountered, and potential solutions of high-entropy electrolyte design in the hope of sparking future research in this subject.
A Prolog assisted search for new simple Lie algebras
Authors: Cushing David , Stagg George , Stewart David
Published: July 2023

We describe some recent computer investigations with the ‘Constraint Logic Programming over Finite Domains’ library in the Prolog programming environment to search for new simple Lie algebras over the field

GF
⁡
(
2
)

\operatorname {GF}(2)

of

2
2

elements. Motivated by a paper of Grishkov et al., we specifically look for those with a thin decomposition, and we settle one of their conjectures. We extrapolate from our results the existence of two new infinite families of simple Lie algebras, in addition to finding seven new sporadic examples in dimension

31
31

. We also better contextualise some previously discovered simple algebras, putting them into families which do not seem to have ever appeared in the literature, and give an updated table of those currently known.
Lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 overlap zones drives stabilization of interzonal microtubules
Authors: do Rosário Carline Fermino , Zhang Ying , Stadnicki Jennifer , Ross Jennifer L. , Wadsworth Patricia
Published: July 2023

In mammalian cells, there is a gradual reduction in midzone microtubule dynamics from a single, highly dynamic population to a mixture of dynamic and more stable microtubules during anaphase. As cells enter telophase, the microtubules transition to a static array, which requires both lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 on microtubules.
Setting conservation priorities in multi-actor systems
Authors: O'Bryan Christopher J , Rhodes Jonathan R , Osunkoya Olusegun O , Lundie-Jenkins Geoff , Mudiyanselage Nisansala Abeysinghe , Sydes Travis , Calvert Moya , McDonald-Madden Eve , Bode Michael
Published: July 2023

Nature conservation is underresourced, requiring managers to prioritize where, when, and how to spend limited funds. Prioritization methods identify the subset of actions that provide the most benefit to an actor's objective. However, spending decisions by conservation actors are often misaligned with their objectives. Although this misalignment is frequently attributed to poor choices by the actors, we argue that it can also be a byproduct of working alongside other organizations. Using strategic analyses of multi-actor systems in conservation, we show how interactions among multiple conservation actors can create misalignment between the spending and objectives of individual actors and why current uncoordinated prioritizations lead to fewer conservation objectives achieved for individual actors. We draw three conclusions from our results. First, that misalignment is an unsuitable metric for evaluating spending, because it may be necessary to achieve actors’ objectives. Second, that current prioritization methods cannot identify optimal decisions (as they purport to do), because they do not incorporate other actors’ decisions. Third, that practical steps can be taken to move actors in the direction of coordination and thereby better achieve their conservation objectives.
Chronic intracranial EEG recordings and interictal spike rate reveal multiscale temporal modulations in seizure states
Authors: Schroeder Gabrielle M , Karoly Philippa J , Maturana Matias , Panagiotopoulou Mariella , Taylor Peter N , Cook Mark J , Wang Yujiang
Published: July 2023

Many biological processes are modulated by rhythms on circadian and multidien timescales. In focal epilepsy, various seizure features, such as spread and duration, can change from one seizure to the next within the same patient. However, the specific timescales of this variability, as well as the specific seizure characteristics that change over time, are unclear. Here, in a cross-sectional observational study, we analysed within-patient seizure variability in 10 patients with chronic intracranial EEG recordings (185–767 days of recording time, 57–452 analysed seizures/patient). We characterized the seizure evolutions as sequences of a finite number of patient-specific functional seizure network states. We then compared seizure network state occurrence and duration to (1) time since implantation and (2) patient-specific circadian and multidien cycles in interictal spike rate. In most patients, the occurrence or duration of at least one seizure network state was associated with the time since implantation. Some patients had one or more seizure network states that were associated with phases of circadian and/or multidien spike rate cycles. A given seizure network state’s occurrence and duration were usually not associated with the same timescale. Our results suggest that different time-varying factors modulate within-patient seizure evolutions over multiple timescales, with separate processes modulating a seizure network state’s occurrence and duration. These findings imply that the development of time-adaptive treatments in epilepsy must account for several separate properties of epileptic seizures and similar principles likely apply to other neurological conditions.
Dietary Patterns Are Not Associated With Disease Activity Among Patients With Inflammatory Conditions of the Pouch in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Barnes Edward L , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Deepak Parakkal , Raffals Laura , Kayal Maia , Dubinsky Marla , Chang Shannon , Higgins Peter D R , Barr Jennifer I , Anderson Chelsea , Cross Raymond K , Long Millie D , Herfarth Hans H
Published: July 2023

Background

Evidence-based recommendations regarding the influence of diet on inflammatory conditions of the pouch after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) are limited.

Methods

We analyzed dietary patterns at enrollment in a prospective registry of patients with 1 of 4 inflammatory conditions of the pouch (acute pouchitis, chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis, chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis, and Crohn’s disease of the pouch). We analyzed dietary intake by disease activity at enrollment and then compared dietary patterns among patients who remained in remission throughout the 12-month follow-up to those patients who experienced a disease relapse. We also compared dietary patterns among patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommended daily goals.

Results

Among 308 patients, there were no differences in dietary patterns among patients with 1 of the 4 disease states at enrollment. Additionally, among the 102 patients in remission at baseline, there were no significant differences noted among patients who went on to experience a disease flare in the 12 months after enrollment compared to those patients who remained in remission. However, patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch demonstrated decreased intake of several food groups and macronutrients including dairy, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber when compared to USDA recommendations.

Conclusions

In a prospective cohort, we demonstrated no impact of dietary patterns on disease activity. The relative deficiencies in several food groups and macronutrients among patients after IPAA indicate the potential role of targeted nutritional counseling in this population.
AI4FoodDB: a database for personalized e-Health nutrition and lifestyle through wearable devices and artificial intelligence
Authors: Romero-Tapiador Sergio , Lacruz-Pleguezuelos Blanca , Tolosana Ruben , Freixer Gala , Daza Roberto , Fernández-Díaz Cristina M , Aguilar-Aguilar Elena , Fernández-Cabezas Jorge , Cruz-Gil Silvia , Molina Susana , Crespo Maria Carmen , Laguna Teresa , Marcos-Zambrano Laura Judith , Vera-Rodriguez Ruben , Fierrez Julian , Ramírez de Molina Ana , Ortega-Garcia Javier , Espinosa-Salinas Isabel , Morales Aythami , Carrillo de Santa Pau Enrique
Published: July 2023

The increasing prevalence of diet-related diseases calls for an improvement in nutritional advice. Personalized nutrition aims to solve this problem by adapting dietary and lifestyle guidelines to the unique circumstances of each individual. With the latest advances in technology and data science, researchers can now automatically collect and analyze large amounts of data from a variety of sources, including wearable and smart devices. By combining these diverse data, more comprehensive insights of the human body and its diseases can be achieved. However, there are still major challenges to overcome, including the need for more robust data and standardization of methodologies for better subject monitoring and assessment. Here, we present the AI4Food database (AI4FoodDB), which gathers data from a nutritional weight loss intervention monitoring 100 overweight and obese participants during 1 month. Data acquisition involved manual traditional approaches, novel digital methods and the collection of biological samples, obtaining: (i) biological samples at the beginning and the end of the intervention, (ii) anthropometric measurements every 2 weeks, (iii) lifestyle and nutritional questionnaires at two different time points and (iv) continuous digital measurements for 2 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, AI4FoodDB is the first public database that centralizes food images, wearable sensors, validated questionnaires and biological samples from the same intervention. AI4FoodDB thus has immense potential for fostering the advancement of automatic and novel artificial intelligence techniques in the field of personalized care. Moreover, the collected information will yield valuable insights into the relationships between different variables and health outcomes, allowing researchers to generate and test new hypotheses, identify novel biomarkers and digital endpoints, and explore how different lifestyle, biological and digital factors impact health. The aim of this article is to describe the datasets included in AI4FoodDB and to outline the potential that they hold for precision health research.

Database URL https://github.com/AI4Food/AI4FoodDB
Differential effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal outcomes according to renal function: a dose–response meta-analysis involving 10 randomized clinical trials and 71 553 individuals
Authors: Lin Donna Shu-Han , Yu An-Li , Lo Hao-Yun , Lien Cheng-Wei , Lee Jen-Kuang , Chiang Fu-Tien , Tu Yu-Kang
Published: July 2023

Background

The main target of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), the sodium–glucose cotransporters 2, is found in the kidneys, and their activity is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). How the efficacy of SGLT2i may vary in patients with different levels of renal impairment has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

We searched the PubMed databases for relevant studies published through May 25, 2022. Randomized control trials comparing SGLT2i with placebo and reporting cardiovascular or renal outcomes were included. The primary outcome was the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which were defined as cardiovascular death (CV death), nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included the components of MACE, all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), the composite of CV death and HHF, and composite renal outcomes. Linear meta-regression analysis was used to assess the effects of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the risks associated with SGLT2i treatment vs placebo for all outcomes. Nonlinear meta-regression analysis was also performed for MACE to investigate the combined influence of reduced drug efficacy in CKD but possible greater risk reduction in a population with higher risk at baseline. Further analyses were performed by including additional study-level covariates, including the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Results

Risk ratios for MACE, CV death, nonfatal MI, HHF, and composite renal outcomes associated with SGLT2i treatment were not significantly related to baseline eGFR values. A positive association was observed between eGFR values and the risk of stroke with SGLT2i use (regression coefficient β = .0109, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0029–0.0188). A similar positive association was observed between eGFR values and the composite outcome of CV death and HHF (β = .0025, 95% CI 0.0000–0.0051). The results of the meta-regression analyses, including the additional covariates of DM, HF, and ASCVD, were consistent with the results of the primary analyses for most outcomes.

Conclusion

The protective effects of SGLT2i for reducing most adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes persisted in patients with variable degrees of renal impairment. The observed benefits such as preventing CV death, HF worsening, or stroke may be greater for patients with more severe CKD. Considering the cardiovascular and renal benefits associated with SGLT2i treatment, patients with CKD should be treated aggressively to improve outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021273500