bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Polymerization Catalytic Process Effect of Various Biomass through a Pilot Plant
Authors: Mackintosh Alexis F. , Jung Hyunchol , Kang In-Kook , Yoo Seongyeun , Kim Sanggyu , Choe Kangil
Published: April 2021

Through the previous study a hydrothermal polymerization (HTP)—a catalytic methodology for treating various biomass and organic wastes—has been developed on a lab scale with a 1 L reactor and the results published. The research work described herein aims to ensure that the catalytic process is scalable for pilot and even commercial scale plants. A 1700 L binary reactor system has been built and the assumptions of a commercial scale plant that would have 10,000 to 20,000 L pressure vessels tested. The HTP catalytic biofuel process converts mono- and polysaccharides into a solid polymer fuel that is based on a furfuraldehyde ring system. The calorific value of the material obtained from the pilot plant is on the order of 27 MJ/kg and the material typically has low ash and fixed carbon content order of 48% which are about same as the lab results for various wood biomass feedstocks. Though a 1700 times scale up binary reactor system the scalability of the HTP catalytic methodology has been confirmed and the mass and energy balance of the binary reactor identified in order to provide fundamental data for commercial scale establishment in future.
The Case of Ahmad Shamieh’s Campaign against Dublin Deportation: Embodiment of Political Violence and Community Care
Authors: Zorn Jelka
Published: April 2021

Differently from studies that analyze antideportation struggles in relation to concepts of state sovereignty and (un)making of citizenship, this paper focuses more on intersection of politics and body. It discusses struggle for the “place in the world” as an embodied experience. Ahmad Shamieh came to Slovenia in 2016 through the humanitarian corridor on the Balkan route. The Slovene Ministry of the Interior refused to examine his asylum claim and instead issued him a Dublin Regulation decision, stating that he was to be deported to Croatia. Ahmad’s and his supporters’ legal and political struggle, which lasted several years, prevented his deportation. In contrast to state’s politics of exclusion, causing dehumanization and traumatization the grassroots community struggle developed the politics of inclusion, solidarity and care from below, in practice transforming the conditions of belonging.
R&D Intensity and Its Curvilinear Relationship with Firm Profitability: Perspective from the Alternative Energy Sector
Authors: Hazarika Natasha
Published: April 2021

There is an inconclusive debate concerning the relationship between environmental research and development (R&D) and corporate financial performance (CFP). The debate becomes more complex because a win–win situation between environmental and financial goals is not as plausible in practice as it is in theory. Though arguments have been made that when time-lag is considered, the relationship can produce positive outcomes for both entities, ambiguities persist because linear models dominate this analysis. This study, therefore, empirically tested the existence of a curvilinear relationship between R&D intensity and CFP in the context of the alternative energy sector. Using a panel dataset of 24 companies and 232 unbalanced firm-year observations for 10 years, it was found that after passing the inflection points, investment in R&D reaps financial benefits that will eventually offset the cost of the initial investment. The curvilinear relationship of R&D intensity on return on sales and net profit margin is strongly supported.
Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Ethiopia
Authors: Johannessen Asgeir , Mekasha Bitsatab , Desalegn Hailemichael , Aberra Hanna , Stene-Johansen Kathrine , Berhe Nega
Published: April 2021

High viral load and positive hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) results are risk factors for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the distribution of these risk factors, as well as early childhood HBV transmission. In this study, Ethiopian women aged 18–45 years with chronic hepatitis B were assessed for the presence of HBeAg and high viral load. Their children below 4 years of age were invited for assessment of viral markers, defining active HBV infection as a positive hepatitis B s-antigen (HBsAg) and/or detectable HBV DNA. In total, 61 of 428 HBV-infected women (14.3%) had a positive HBeAg result and/or a high viral load. Of note, 26 of 49 women (53.1%) with viral load above 200,000 IU/mL were HBeAg negative. Among 89 children born of HBV-infected mothers (median age 20 months), 9 (10.1%) had evidence of active HBV infection. In conclusion, one in seven women with chronic hepatitis B had risk factors for MTCT, and HBeAg was a poor predictor of high viral load. One in ten children born of HBV-infected women acquired HBV-infection despite completing their scheduled HBV vaccination at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age.
Water Quality Prediction in the Luan River Based on 1-DRCNN and BiGRU Hybrid Neural Network Model
Authors: Yan Jianzhuo , Liu Jiaxue , Yu Yongchuan , Xu Hongxia
Published: April 2021

The current global water environment has been seriously damaged. The prediction of water quality parameters can provide effective reference materials for future water conditions and water quality improvement. In order to further improve the accuracy of water quality prediction and the stability and generalization ability of the model, we propose a new comprehensive deep learning water quality prediction algorithm. Firstly, the water quality data are cleaned and pretreated by isolation forest, the Lagrange interpolation method, sliding window average, and principal component analysis (PCA). Then, one-dimensional residual convolutional neural networks (1-DRCNN) and bi-directional gated recurrent units (BiGRU) are used to extract the potential local features among water quality parameters and integrate information before and after time series. Finally, a full connection layer is used to obtain the final prediction results of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and potassium permanganate index (COD-Mn). Our prediction experiment was carried out according to the actual water quality data of Daheiting Reservoir, Luanxian Bridge, and Jianggezhuang at the three control sections of the Luan River in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, from 5 July 2018 to 26 March 2019. The minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of this method was 2.4866, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was able to reach 0.9431. The experimental results showed that the model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy and generalization than the existing LSTM, GRU, and BiGRU models.
Paskutiniai vokiečių okupacijos mėnesiai Lietuvoje: gyventojų bėgimas į reichą ir politiniai lūkesčiai 1944 metais
Authors: Laukaitytė Regina
Published: April 2021

THE LAST MONTHS OF THE GERMAN OCCUPATION IN LITHUANIA: ESCAPE OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION TO THE REICH AND POLITICAL EXPECTATIONS IN 1944 The article analyses the situation in Lithuania in the last months of the German occupation, focusing on what preparations were made for the evacuation of the population in the spring and summer of 1944 and how it proceeded, and the impact of the actions and propaganda of the German authorities and the deliberations of Lithuanian underground organisations regarding the political and military situation and the end of the war on the numbers of war refugees (around 80,000 people left in July–October, with the exception of the Klaipėda region, which was deserted after the Germans retreated) and citizens’ political expectations. The research is based on historiography, official and underground publications, diaries and memoirs. During the war, there was no political centre in Lithuania that processed reliable political information and provided it to the public. Although, starting from 1943, there were institutions and organisations to take care of war refugees flooding in from the USSR, when the Red Army crossed the Lithuanian border in early July 1944, local government was no longer coordinating population movements. The German occupying authorities and the Lithuanian government, consisting of general advisers, had prepared plans for the evacuation of the population and property; however, until the very last minute, no one risked taking the initiative to implement them. People in Lithuania were still quite optimistic in the summer and autumn of 1944. Quite a few believed that the front would stabilise at the German border, and that the Soviet Union ‘will run out of steam’ and suspend hostilities. Optimism was encouraged by official German propaganda, and the fact that in August–October, military action ‘stuck’ in Lithuania for two and a half months, as the Red Army stopped in order to replenish its supplies. Moreover, influential Lithuanian underground organisations did not believe that the country was on the brink of a long Soviet occupation, and did not discuss the situation of the civilian population. Lithuanian underground organisations, from Social Democrats to Nationalists, which were unequivocally optimistic about the international situation, believing the promises of US and British politicians to restore prewar borders, used the press and proclamations to shape expectations in society that the Soviet occupation would be temporary. Politicians leaving Lithuania expected to return soon, thus leaving the people with the hope of rapid political change.
Effects of calving year, season, and age on some lactation traits of Anatolian buffaloes reared at farmer conditions in Turkey
Authors: ÖZ Sezer , ALKOYAK Kürşat , KÜÇÜKERSAN Seher
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some environmental factors like calving year, season, buffalo cow age and village on some milk yield traits of Anatolian buffaloes, such as daily milk yield for lactation length (MYLL), total lactation milk yield (TLMY), lactation length (LL), and daily milk yield for calving interval (MYCI). 1838 milk yield records obtained from 851 Anatolian buffaloes reared under different environmental conditions from 2015 through 2019 within the scope of the Bartın Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project were assessed. The least square means and standard errors for MYLL, TLMY, LL, and MYCI were 4.07  0.02 kg, 1078.6  7.54 kg, 263.83  1.16 days, and 2.75  0.03 kg, respectively. As a result of the study, the effects of village, calving year and age (P<0.001) and calving season (P<0.05) on MYLL; village, calving year and age (P<0.001) on TLMY; village, calving year and age (P<0.001) and calving season (P<0.05) on MYCI; calving age, village (P<0.001) and calving year (P<0.05) on LL were found statistically significant. Moreover, high positive phenotypic correlations between TLMY and MYLL (r = 0.78, P<0.001) and LL and TLMY (r = 0.67, P<0.001) were estimated. The results revealed that milk production traits might be improved by considering calving season and age in breeding studies and stud-selection programs in Anatolian buffaloes. Besides, it will remarkably contribute to the number of limited studies that have focused on this breed.
Marketing digital 4.0 para fortalecer el posicionamiento en el mercado manufacturero
Authors: Aguilar Ronald , Alvarado Juan
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un plan estratégico basado en el marketing 4.0 con el fin de fortalecer el mercado manufacturero de la empresa INRUE C.A ubicada en Valencia, estado Carabobo, Venezuela, dedicada a la fabricación, venta y distribución de ruedas industriales en hierro. Para ello, el estudio se apoyó en una investigación de campo y documental y como unidades de estudio se tomó una muestra representada por 22 clientes de los distintos Municipios del Estado Carabobo, a las que se aplicó un cuestionario tipo Escala de Likert. Los datos recolectados permitieron determinar la información necesaria para recomendar a la empresa sobre el diseño e implementación de un plan estratégico de Marketing 4.0 que permita posicionar la compañía en el mercado manufacturero.
Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Outcomes: A WHO-CHOICE Analysis for Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia
Authors: Stenberg Karin , Watts Rory , Bertram Melanie Y. , Engesveen Kaia , Maliqi Blerta , Say Lale , Hutubessy Raymond
Published: April 2021

Background: Information on cost-effectiveness allows policy-makers to evaluate if they are using currently available resources effectively and efficiently. Our objective is to examine the cost-effectiveness of health interventions to improve maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) outcomes, to provide global evidence relative to the context of two geographic regions. Methods: We consider interventions across the life course from adolescence to pregnancy and for children up to 5 years old. Interventions included are those that fall within the areas of immunization, child healthcare, nutrition, reproductive health, and maternal/newborn health, and for which it is possible to model impact on MNCH mortality outcomes using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Generalized cost-effectiveness analysis (GCEA) was used to derive average cost-effectiveness ratios (ACERs) for individual interventions and combinations (packages). Costs were assessed from the health system perspective and reported in international dollars. Health outcomes were estimated and reported as the gain in healthy life years (HLYs) due to the specific intervention or combination. The model was run for 2 regions: Eastern sub-Saharan Africa (SSA-E) and South-East Asia (SEA). Results: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended interventions to improve MNCH are generally considered cost-effective, with the majority of interventions demonstrating ACERs below I$100/HLY saved in the chosen settings (low-and middle-income countries [LMICs]). Best performing interventions are consistent across the two regions, and include family planning, neonatal resuscitation, management of pneumonia and neonatal infection, vitamin A supplementation, and measles vaccine. ACERs below I$100 can be found across all delivery platforms, from community to hospital level. The combination of interventions into packages (such as antenatal care) produces favorable ACERs. Conclusion: Within each region there are interventions which represent very good value for money. There are opportunities to gear investments towards high-impact interventions and packages for MNCH outcomes. Cost-effectiveness tools can be used at national level to inform investment cases and overall priority setting processes.
Health in Food Systems Policies in India: A Document Review
Authors: Pradyumna Adithya , Mishra Arima , Utzinger Jürg , Winkler Mirko S.
Published: April 2021

Background: Food systems affect nutritional and other health outcomes. Recent literature from India has described policy aspects addressing nutritional implications of specific foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, and trans-fats), and identified opportunities to tackle the double burden of malnutrition. This paper attempts to deepen the understanding on how health concerns and the role of the health sector are addressed across food systems policies in India. Methods: This qualitative study used two approaches; namely (i) the framework method and (ii) manifest content analysis, to investigate national-level policy documents from relevant sectors (ie, food security, agriculture, biodiversity, food processing, trade, and waste management, besides health and nutrition). The documents were selected purposively. The textual data were coded and compared, from which themes were identified, described, and interpreted. Additionally, mentions of various health concerns and of the health ministry in the included documents were recorded and collated. Results: A total of 35 policy documents were included in the analysis. A variety of health concerns spanning nutritional, communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were mentioned. Undernutrition received specific attention even beyond nutrition policies. Only few policies mentioned NCDs, infectious diseases, and injuries. Governing and advisory bodies were instituted by 17 of the analysed policies (eg, food safety, agriculture, and food processing), and often included representation from the health ministry (9 of the 17 identified inter-ministerial bodies). Conclusion: We found some evidence of concern for health, and inclusion of health ministry in food policy documents in India. The ongoing and planned intersectoral coordination to tackle undernutrition could inform actions to address other relevant but currently underappreciated concerns such as NCDs. Our study demonstrated a method for analysis of health consideration and intersectoral coordination in food policy documents, which could be applied to studies in other settings and policy domains.
INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE WAVE PROFILE OF THE JOINT BOUNDARY OF TITANIUM-ALUMINUM COMPOSITE LAYERS ON STRESS BEHAVIOR
Authors: Gurevich L. M. , Danenko V. F. , Pisarev S. P.
Published: April 2021

Simulation by the finite element of tensile deformation of the titanium-aluminum composite D20 - AD1 - VT6S was carried out. The relative thickness of the soft layer AD1 was constant, and the parameters of the wave profile of the welded joint varied. An increase in the ratio of the amplitude to the step of the wave up to 0.5 leads to an increase in effort by 4-5%. It was compared with the force in a specimen with a flat boundary at comparable stretches. Plastic deformation is localized mainly near free surfaces.
ANALYSIS OF REDUCING THE GROWTH RATE OF FATIGUE CRACKS FROM OVERLOADS OF VARIOUS VALUE AND CHARACTER IN ALUMINUM ALLOY 2024-T3
Authors: Savkin A. N. , Denisevich D. S. , Sedov A. A. , Badikov K. A. , Baryshnikov A. N.
Published: April 2021

This work highlights the results of tests with overloads and underloads on aluminum samples in the region of near-threshold crack growth rates. Crack growth curves and fatigue life values were obtained that the classical fatigue life prediction models of Elber, Barsom, Wheeler and Willenborg could not explain. Fractographic analysis verified the correctness of the fatigue fracture curves. The chemical analysis of the oxygen content on the fractured surfaces of the sample by the method of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the possibility of a relationship between the weight fraction of active particles and residual stresses in the material and confirmed some of the provisions of the theory of brittle microfracture on the effect of oxygen and hydrogen on fatigue crack propagation.
Investigation of the Products of Heavy Hypernuclei
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Süleyman , BÜYÜKÇİZMECİ Nihal
Published: April 2021

Evaporation of hypernuclei is investigated similar to evaporation of normal nuclei taking place in deep-inelastic nuclear collisions. Final cold hypernuclei can be obtained in such processes and offer a new direction for investigation. This may concern the production of exotic states which can exist due to the presence of a hyperon. It will be difficult to obtain such exotic states in other reactions since there are practical limitations on the use of radioactive targets in experiments. We have investigated the evaporation mechanism of some heavy hypernuclei for emission of light hypernuclei which take place from the target and projectile residues. Theoretical calculations are carried out by using computer codes developed for the statistical multifragmentation model generalized to hypernuclei.
GELENEKSEL TARSUS EVLERİNDE AHŞABIN YERİ VE KULLANIMI
Authors: GÜRANİ Fehime Yeşim
Published: April 2021

Geleneksel Türk evinde ahşap malzeme strüktürde, iç mekânda zeminde, tavanda, merdivenlerde, çatı örtüsünde, kapılarda, pencerelerde ve mobilyalarda kullanılmaktadır. Geleneksel konutlarda ahşap malzeme, bulundukları bölgenin mimari karakterini oluşturmada belirleyicidir. Yapım tekniği, mimari detaylar ve diğer yapı malzemeleri de bu karakterin ayırt edici unsurlarındandır. Bu çalışmada ahşabın mimaride yaygın kullanım çeşitliliği, geleneksel konut örnekleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Akdeniz mimarisinin karakteristik özelliklerini yansıtan geleneksel taş ve ahşap malzemelerin bir arada bulunduğu geleneksel Tarsus evleri, çalışma alanı seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda ahşap malzemenin, sıcak-nemli iklim bölgesinde yer alan Tarsus’un geleneksel evlerine kazandırdığı karakteristik özellikler örneklerle tespit edilmiştir.
Helikobakter Pylori Birinci Basamak Tedavisi Alan Hastalarda Üç Farklı Tedavi Rejiminin Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: EKİN Nazım , EBİK Berat , BACAKSIZ Ferhat
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız en sık kullanılan Helikobakter pylori (Hp) tedavi rejimlerinin HP eradikasyon başarı oranlarını saptamaktır.Materyal ve Metod: 2016 – 2020 yılları arasında üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisi sırasında Helikobakter pylori pozitif saptanan ve eradikasyon tedavisi sonrası kontrol endoskopik biyopsi alınan hastalar geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar tedavi rejimlerine göre 3 gruba ayrıldı; lansoprazol 30 mg 2x1, klaritromisin 500 mg 2x1, amoksisilin 1000 mg 2x1 14 gün alanlar (grup 1, n=20), lansoprazol 30 mg 2x1, bizmut subsalisilat 262 mg 4x1, klaritromisin 500 mg 2x1, amoksisilin 1000 mg 2x1 14 gün alanlar (grup 2, n = 23) ve lansoprazol 30 mg 2x1, bizmut subsalisilat 262 mg 4x1, metronidazol 500 mg 3x1, tetrasiklin 500 mg 4x1 14 gün alanlar (grup 3, n = 17). Bu üç grubun tedavi başarıları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya, ortalama yaşı 42.8±15.17 olan 60 hasta dahil edildi. Grup 1,2 ve 3’ün yaş ortalamaları sırasıyla 40.05±15.33, 42.86±15.90 ve 46.23±14.14 olup gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların %57.6’sında (34/60) eradikasyon tedavisi sonrası Hp eradikasyonu sağlandı. Grup 1, 2 ve 3'teki HP eradikasyon oranları sırasıyla %50, %52.2 ve %66.7 idi. Gruplar arasında başarı oranları açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, yüksek antibiyotik direnci ve hedeflenen eradikasyon oranlarından daha düşük eradikasyon oranları nedeniyle klasik üçlü tedavi, bizmut eklenmiş klasik üçlü tedavi ve bizmutlu dörtlü tedavinin Türkiye’de kullanılmasının uygun olmayabileceği sonucuna vardık. Helikobakter pylori tedavisinde yeni tedavi rejimlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Pobreza rural y alimentación: programas de autoabastecimiento en América Latina
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Lefever Ma. Consuelo , Uribe Juan Manuel ,   Universidad de Chile, Boza Sofía ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: April 2021

La pobreza extrema está vinculada, habitualmente, a la falta de acceso a una alimentación sana y nutritiva, en forma regular y suficiente. En muchos países, este problema tiene mayor incidencia en el ámbito rural. Desde el sector público se han planteado estrategias para garantizar el derecho a la alimentación en hogares rurales vulnerables. En este artículo describimos tres iniciativas latinoamericanas para el fomento del autoabastecimiento agrícola.
¿Alternativas para la gestión del agua y el desarrollo regional? Conflicto por la presa El Zapotillo
Authors:   Universidad de Berna, Ochoa García Heliodoro ,   Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente
Published: April 2021

La presa El Zapotillo se vende en el discurso oficial como un proyecto de desarrollo para abastecer de agua a las ciudades de León y Guadalajara. Sin embargo, el costo social de este proyecto es asumido de manera injusta por la región de los Altos de Jalisco, comprometiendo con ello su propio desarrollo. En este artículo se analiza el conflicto en torno a esta empresa desde una perspectiva regional, tomando en cuenta las alternativas sociales.
Cambio climático y construcción de alternativas: hacia una agricultura sustentable para enfriar el planeta
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, Morales Hernández Jaime
Published: April 2021

La humanidad se enfrenta a una crisis compleja y multidimensional. El cambio climático es una de las consecuencias más evidentes de un proyecto civilizatorio basado en la industrialización de la naturaleza y el uso intensivo de recursos naturales. La agricultura industrial se extiende como el proceso hegemónico en la producción de alimentos y constituye una amenaza para la vida rural, los agricultores y los consumidores, además de que representa una de las causas del cambio climático. Ante ello, el presente texto pretende dar cuenta de los avances en la construcción de alternativas agrícolas sustentables en América Latina.
Konservasi Alam Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Kokoda di Kepulauan Ugar, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua Barat
Authors: Saputra Reza
Published: April 2021

(Article History: Received 8 October 2020; Revised 2 November 2020; Accepted 10 November 2020) ABSTRAKPenelitian eksplorasi mengenai konservasi berbasis kearifan lokal Suku Kokoda di Kepulauan Ugar, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua Barat telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran jenis kearifan lokal terhadap alam sebagai penyangga kehidupan masyarakat Suku Kokoda. Aspek penelitian yang diamati yaitu kearifan lokal yang berdampak pada konservasi tingkat spesies atau ekosistem. Data yang didapat berasal dari wawancara semistruktural kepada 10 informan kunci. Pada penelitian ini terdapat tiga kearifan lokal yang teramati, yaitu sasi laut, hutan keramat, dan apotik hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kearifan lokal yang ada pada suku Kokoda berperan penting dalam kelestarian alam di wilayah tersebut. Kata kunci: Kearifan lokal; Konservasi; Papua Barat; Suku Kokoda ABSTRACTExploration research on the local wisdom-based conservation of the Kokoda Tribe in the Ugar Islands, Fakfak Regency, West Papua, was conducted in May 2016. This research aimed to determine the role of Kokoda Tribe's local wisdom in preserving nature. The research aspect observed was local wisdom, which impacted conservation at the species or ecosystem level. The data obtained from semi-structured interviews of 10 key informants. In this research, three local wisdoms were observed, i.e. sasi laut, hutan keramat, and apotik hidup. The results show that the local wisdom of the Kokoda tribe plays an essential role in preserving nature.Keywords: Local Wisdom; Conservation; West Papua; Kokoda Tribe
IDENTIFIKASI INTERAKSI OBAT POTENSIAL PADA PASIEN STROKE RAWAT INAP DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO
Authors: Solang Natasia G , Wiyono Weny , Mpila Deby Afriani
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTMost stroke patients receive polypharmacy, because most stroke patients have complications. Stroke therapy is important because if an interaction occurs, it can cause an increased risk of hospitalized patients and higher health care costs. This study is a descriptive study which aims to determine the prevalence of potential drug interactions that occur in inpatients of stroke hospitalization at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado with retrospective data collection in October-December 2017. Samples were obtained as many as 40 patients. The results showed potential drug interactions in 20 patients (50%), with 57 potential interactions. Based on the mechanism, 30 events (52.63%) were pharmacokinetic, 15 events (26.31%) included in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic combination and 12 events (21.05%) were pharmacodynamic. The potential severity of the drug, at the moderate level was found to be 27 potential (47.36%), at the minor level 16 potential (28.07%) and at the major level with 14 potential (24.56%). Keywords: Drug Interaction, Stroke ABSTRAKKebanyakan pasien stroke menerima obat polifarmasi karena sebagian besar pasien stroke mengalami komplikasi. Terapi penyakit stroke sangat penting karena jika terjadi interaksi dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko pasien dirawat rawat inap dan biaya perawatan kesehatan akan lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi interaksi obat potensial yang terjadi pada pasien stroke rawat inap di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif pada bulan oktober-desember 2017. Sampel diperoleh sebanyak 40 pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya interaksi obat potensial pada 20 pasien (50%), dengan jumlah potensial interaksi sebanyak 57 kejadian. Berdasarkan mekanismenya, 30 kejadian (52,63%) merupakan farmakokinetik, 15 kejadian (26,31%) termasuk dalam kombinasi farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik dan 12 kejadian (21,05%) merupakan farmakodinamik. Tingkat keparahan potensial interaksi obat, pada tingkat moderate didapati 27 potensi (47,36%), pada tingkat minor 16 potensi (28,07%) dan pada tingkat major dengan 14 potensi (24,56%). Kata Kunci: Interaksi Obat, Stroke
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA DARI JAMUR LAUT YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN ALGA Halimeda opuntia
Authors: Djakatara Ridwan Sukardi , Wewengkang Defny S , Rotinsulu Henki
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Algae is a place of life for various microorganisms symbiosis with it, one of which is fungi. Marine fungi are known to have an important contribution to the marine ecosystem. Many types of marine fungi that have been isolated and are known to produce a number of antimicrobial compounds were become a new choice in the world of health. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of isolates fungi which associated with Halimeda opuntia algae collected from the Bay of Manado against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The results showed extracts of fungi that were associated with algae Halimeda opuntia did not possesed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E.coli and C. albicans. Keywords: Antimicrobials, marine fungi, Halimeda opuntia ABSTRAK Alga merupakan tempat hidup berbagai mikroorganisme yang bersimbiosis dengannya, salah satunya ialah jamur. Jamur laut diketahui memiliki kontribusi yang penting bagi ekosistem laut. Banyak jenis jamur laut yang telah diisolasi dan diketahui menghasilkan sejumlah senyawa antimikroba yang kini menjadi pilihan baru di dunia kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antimikroba dari isolat jamur yang berasosiasi dengan alga Halimeda opuntia yang diperoleh dari Teluk Manado terhadap bakteri  Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan jamur Candida albicans. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak dari jamur yang berasosiasi dengan alga Halimeda opuntia tidak memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli dan jamur C. albicans. Kata kunci : Antimikroba , jamur laut , Halimeda opuntia
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD NOONGAN, KABUPATEN MINAHASA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Monibala Tiarma , Citraningtyas Gayatri , Yamlean Paulina V. Y.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTDrug management is one aspect of hospital management that is very important in providing overall health services because the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of drug management will have a negative impact on hospitals both medically, socially and economically. This study aims to evaluate the storage and distribution of drugs in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 72 of 2016 in Pharmacy Installation of Noongan District Hospital using a descriptive method with a retrospective and prospective approach. The results showed that the drug storage system in the Pharmacy Installation of Noongan General Hospital as a whole was not in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 72 of 2016 such as, warehouses that are not too large to store all drug supplies, the absence of regulators of humidity, the absence of pedestal boards and drugs placed directly on the floor, while the process of drug distribution is in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 72 of 2016 using the Centralization and Individual methods for medicines and the Floor Stock method for Medical Materials. Keywords: Storage, Distribution, Medicine, Pharmacy Installlation Noongan District Hospital  ABSTRAK Pengelolaan obat merupakan salah satu segi manajemen rumah sakit yang sangat penting dalam penyediaan pelayanan kesehatan secara keseluruhan karena ketidakefisienan dan ketidaklancaran pengelolaan obat akan memberi dampak negatif terhadap rumah sakit baik secara medik, sosial, maupun secara ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyimpanan dan pendistribusian obat sesuai  dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 72 Tahun 2016 di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Noongan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif dan prospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem penyimpanan obat di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Noongan secara keseluruhan belum sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 72 Tahun 2016 seperti, gudang yang tidak terlalu luas untuk menyimpan semua persediaan obat, tidak adanya pengatur kelembaban, tidak adanya papan alas dan obat diletakkan langsung dilantai, sedangkan pada proses pendistribusian obat telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 72 Tahun 2016 dengan menggunakan metode Sentralisasi dan Perorangan untuk obat-obatan dan metode Floor Stock untuk Bahan Medis Habis Pakai. Kata Kunci : Penyimpanan, Pendistribusian, Obat, Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Noongan
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN Mimosa pudica Linn. MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH
Authors: Wulan Wulan , Yudistira Adithya , Rotinsulu Henki
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Antioxidant are compounds that can inhibit the oxidation rate of other molecules or neutralize free radicals. Putri Malu Leaf (Mimosa pudica Linn.) is not yet widely known as a medicinal plant. Through phytochemical screening, Mimosa pudica Linn. leaves known to have antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and coumarin. This study aims to determine how much the antioxidant content in the extract of Mimosa pudica Linn. leaves using DPPH method with a concentration of 100 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L and Vitamin C as a positive control. Each sampel was made three repetitions of the test. The test uses a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The highest results were obtained from the concentration of 100 mg/L in the second repetition of 89.74%. The highest average percentage  of yield obtained is at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Based on the result obtained from Mimosa pudica Linn. leaf extract seems like that the ethanol extract of Mimosa pudica Linn. leaves has high antioxidant activity. Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Mimosa pudica Linn.  ABSTRAK Antioksidan  ialah senyawa yang mampu menghambat laju oksidasi molekul lain atau menetralisir radikal bebas. Daun Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica Linn.) belum dikenal luas sebagai tanaman obat.Melalui skrining fitokimia, daun Mimosa pudica Linn.diketahui memiliki senyawa antioksidan seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, saponin dan kumarin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kandungan antioksidan didalam ekstrak tanaman daun Mimosa pudica Linn.menggunakan metode DPPH dengan konsentrasi 100 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 50 mg/L dan 25 mg/L dan Vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Masing-masing sampel dibuat tiga kali pengulangan uji.Pengujian menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Terlihat hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari konsentrasi 100 mg/L pada pengulangan ke-II yaitu sebesar 89,74%. Rata-rata persentase hasil yang diperoleh tertinggi ialah pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun Mimosa pudica Linn.terlihat bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Mimosa pudica Linn. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi.  Kata Kunci : Antioksidan, DPPH,Mimosa pudica Linn.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PASIEN GERIATRI YANG MENDERITA HIPERTENSI DISERTAI PENYAKIT PENYERTA DI RSU PANCARAN KASIH MANADO PERIODE SEPTEMBER-OKTOBER 2018
Authors: Runtuwene Widia N , Wiyono Weny I , Yudistira Adithya
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTHypertension is one of chronic disease with commonly treatment for lifetime. The adherence of geriatric patients in following treatment very important that doesn’t happen can lead to death. This type of research is a descriptive study. The population of this study amounted to 465 patients. The number of samples taken was 40 patients. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling. The level of adherence was measured using the Modified MoriskyAdherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8)questionnaire. From the results of this study it can be concluded that geriatric patients who do treatment at the manado pancaran kasih hospital have a high level of adherence of 10%, have a moderate level of adherence of 40%, and have a low level of adherence of 50%. The results of this study found a problem related to the adherence of geriatric patients aged 60-69 years who took medication at the manado pancaran kasih hospital, namely because of forgetfulness and lack of information obtained from health workers regarding the patients condition and the importance of drugs to drink continue.Keywords : Hypertension, Geriatric, Adherence. ABSTRAKHipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis dengan pengobatan yang umumnya seumur hidup.Kepatuhan pasien geriatri dalam menjalani pengobatan sangat penting agar tidak terjadi komplikasi berbagai penyakit yang dapat berujung pada kematian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif.Populasi dari penelitian ini berjumlah 465 pasien.Jumlah sampel yang di ambil sebanyak 40 pasien.Teknik pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling.Tingkat kepatuhan di ukur dengan menggunakan Kuesioner MMAS-8 (Modified MoriskyAdherence Scale). Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan di RSU Pancaran Kasih Manado memiliki tingkat kepatuhan tinggi sebanyak 10%, memiliki tingkat kepatuhan sedang sebanyak 40%, dan memiliki tingkat kepatuhan rendah sebanyak 50%. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan masalah terkait kepatuhan pasien geriatri yang berusia 60-69 yang melakukan pengobatan di RSU Pancaran Kasih Manado yaitu karena lupa dan kurangya informasi yang didapatkan pasien dari tenaga kesehatan terkait kondisi pasien dan pentingnya pengobatan secara kontinu.Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, Geriatri, Kepatuhan.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANALISIS KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI DARI FRAKSI DAUN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Authors: Paputungan Ayu Natasya , Lolo Widya Astuty , Jayanto Imam
Published: April 2021

Mangosteen leaves have flavonoid compounds, tannins, and saponins that can be efficacious as antibacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the fraction of mangosteen leaves having an antibacterial effect and knowing the class of compounds identified as having antibacterial activity after TLC- Bioautography testing was carried out. The samples were extracted using 96% maceratarion method and fractioned using liquid-liquid fractionation method with methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer) with 3 concetrations namely 10%, 20% and 30%. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) uses n-hexane and chloroform solvens. TLC-Bioautography uses contact bioautography methods. The resultd showed that mangosteen leaves in methanol fraction with a concentration of 30% had a very large inhibitory activity again Staphylococcus aureus and ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 30% had the gratest antibacterial activity against  Escherichia coli. The results of the TLC- Bioautography study showed that the flavonoids compounds after spraying with AlCl3 and the mangosteen leaf Biosutography test had inhibitory zone activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Keywords: Mangosteen Leaves. Antibacterial, TLC Bioautography.  ABSTRAK Daun manggis mempunyai senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang dapat berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi daun manggis memiliki efek antibakteri dan mengetahui golongan senyawa yang teridentifikasi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri setelah dilakukan pengujian KLT Bioautografi. Sampel diektrak dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut 96% dan difraksinasi dengan metode  fraksinasi cair-cair dengan pelarut metanol, n-heksan dan etil asetat, aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar (Kirby and Bauer) dengan 3 kosentrasi yaitu 10%, 20% dan 30%. Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan klorofom. KLT-Bioautografi menggunakan metode bioautografi kontak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan daun manggis pada fraksi metanol  dengan kosentrasi 30% memiliki aktivitas zona hambat ppaling besar terhadapat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan fraksi etil asetat dengan kosentrasi 30% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar terhadap  Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian KLT-Bioautografi menunjukan golongan senyawa flavonoid setelah disemprotkan dengan AlCl3 dan uji Bioautografi daun manggis memiliki aktivitas zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Kata kunci : Daun Manggis, Antibakteri, KLT- Bioautografi.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT ORGANISME LAUT SPONS Amphimedon sp., TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, DAN Jamur Candida albicans
Authors: Latif Rizky Akbar , Wewengkang Defny S. , Rotinsulu Henki
Published: April 2021

Sponges are marine animals that can produce bioactives that are useful as anti-virus, anti-fungal, antibiotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants. Amphimedon sp., sponge itself is found in the waters of Lembeh islands, the City of Bitung. This study was to determine the inhibitory activity against the microorganisms growth of Amphimedon sp., sponge, against microbes of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Based on the results of the study, the extracts and fractions of Amphimedon sp., sponge samples did not have microbial inhibitory activity against the test microbes of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans Keywords : Amphimedon sp., Antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans   ABSTRAK Spons merupakan hewan laut yang dapat menghasilkan bioaktif yang bermanfaat sebagai anti virus, anti jamur, antibiotik, anti kanker, anti inflamasi, dan antioksidan. Spons Amphimedon sp sendiri ditemukan didaerah perairan pulau Lembeh kota bitung. Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya hambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dari spons Amphimedon sp., terhadap mikroba Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak dan fraksi sampel spons Amphimedon sp., tidak memiliki aktivitas daya hambat terhadap mikroba uji Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans Kata kunci : Amphimedon sp., Antimikroba, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans
FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK TANGAN
Authors: Manarisip Thesya , Yamlean Paulina V.Y , Lolo Widya Astuty
Published: April 2021

Kerson Fruit (Muntingia calabura L.) contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes, steroids, and tannins, which are potentially as antibacterial compounds. The aim of this study was to make a formulation of hand antiseptic gel from kerson leaf extracts with three variations in extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and to test the effectiveness of antibacterial preparations against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method of this research is laboratory experimental research. Kerson extracts was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. The results showed that kerson leaf extract can be formulated as a hand antiseptic gel preparation that meets organoleptic requirements, like homogeneity, pH, dispersion, consistency, adhesion, cycling test, and antiseptic power testing using a colony counter. On the results of antibacterial effectiveness testing, there is a clear zone that presents the ability to inhibit the growth of gel test bacteria. The average diameter of the hand antiseptic gel preparation of kersen leaf extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% respectively were 10.00 mm, 11.66 mm and 12.00 mm so that the ability of inhibition of gel test bacteria in all concentrations was categorized strong. Keywords: Kerson, Muntingia calabura L, Hand Antiseptic Gel, Staphylococcus aureus.  ABSTRAK Kersen (Muntigia calabura L.) mengandung senyawa bioaktif yaitu senyawa flavonoid, saponin, triterpen, steroid, dan tannin yang merupakan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi sediaan gel antiseptik tangan dari ekstrak daun kersen dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yakni 5%, 10%, dan 15%, serta menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Ekstrak tanaman kersen diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kersen dapat diformulasikan sebagai sediaan gel antiseptik tangan yang memenuhi persyaratan organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, konsistensi, daya lekat, cycling test, dan pengujian daya antiseptik dengan menggunakan alat colony counter. Pada hasil pengujian efektivitas antibakteri, terdapat zona bening yang mempresentasikan kemampuan penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri uji oleh gel. Diameter rata-rata sediaan gel antiseptik tangan ekstrak daun kersen pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% berturut-turut yaitu 10,00 mm , 11,66 mm dan 12,00 mm sehingga kemampuan penghambatan bakteri uji oleh gel disemua konsentrasi dikategorikan kuat. Kata kunci: Kersen, Muntingia calabura L, Gel Antiseptik Tangan, Staphylococcus aureus.