bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible ameliorative effect of taurine in the treatment of iron‐deficiency anaemia in female university students of Gaza, Palestine
Authors: Sirdah Mahmoud M. , El‐Agouza Ibrahim M. A. , Abu Shahla Abdel Nasser K.
Published: March 2003

Abstract:The aim of the study was to evaluate the haematological effects of adding the antioxidant taurine to iron sulfate in the treatment of iron‐deficiency anaemia (IDA). A sample of 730 students from Al‐Azhar University, Gaza, in Palestine underwent screening with complete blood counts and serum samples. In subjects with microcytosis/hypochromasia, Alpha2delta2(HbA2) and serum concentrations of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin and taurine were determined. Samples from 17 normocytic, normochromic, and non‐anaemic subjects were used as baseline controls. At base‐line, 81 of the 730 subjects (11.1%) had microcytosis/hypochromasia, 26 (3.6%) were diagnosed as β‐thalassemia carriers, none of which was iron deficient. Four subjects had microcytosis of unknown cause. Fifty‐one subjects (all females) had iron‐deficiency anaemia and were included in the therapeutic study, which lasted for 20 wk. They were matched for Hb into pairs and were treated with oral iron (325 mg of slow‐release iron sulfate). In addition, they were, in a double‐blind procedure, randomised to additional oral taurine (1000 mg d−1at a cost comparable to that of adding ascorbic acid) or placebo. Mean S‐taurine was significantly lower in the IDA subjects than in the controls. After 20 wk of iron supplementation, both the taurine and placebo group significantly improved their Hb concentrations and normalised the markers of iron deficiency. Apart from the expected, albeit in this study mild side‐effects of oral iron, no significant side‐effects were noted. In the taurine group, there was a statistically significant additive positive change from the baseline values on Hb (2.67 ± 1.24 g dL−1), red blood cell (RBC) count [(0.57 ± 0.25) × 1012 L−1] and serum ferritin (30.33 ± 17.99 μg L−1) as compared to placebo group values, which were 1.80 ± 1.10 g dL−1, (0.39 ± 0.36) × 1012 L−1, and 20.11 ± 7.34 μg L−1, respectively. Oral taurine appears to increase the effectiveness of oral iron in the treatment of IDA, and has no significant side‐effects. This merits further cost–benefit and clinical analyses.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia in a man with myasthenia gravis treated by thymectomy
Authors: Pavithran Keechilat , Panakkel Charles , Roy Dinesh , Thomas Mathew
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Treatment‐related chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a less commonly recognised entity. It differs from treatment‐related acute leukaemias in frequency, clinical course, and prognosis. Previously two cases of CML have been described following treatment of myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma treated by thymectomy. We report a 25‐yr‐old man with myasthenia gravis without thymoma who developed CML, 68 months after thymectomy. Cytogenetic study showed translocation (9,22)(q34;q11) with 10% showing double Ph chromosome. Reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of peripheral blood demonstrated the presence of p210BCR/ABL with b3a2 transcripts. He was treated with hydroxyurea, and still remained in the chronic phase during the last 6 months of follow up. His myasthenic symptoms remained stable.
Symptomatic Epstein–Barr virus reactivation in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia and treatment with the monoclonal anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab
Authors: Tinchon Christoph , Auner Holger W. , Beham‐Schmid Christine , Aberle Stephan W. , Sill Heinz , Linkesch Werner
Published: March 2003

Abstract: In a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia, treated with several courses of chemotherapy including a fludarabine‐containing regimen, severe symptoms due to Epstein–Barr virus reactivation occurred but could be successfully treated with the monoclonal anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab. Depletion of viral host cells may be effective in treatment of symptoms due to Epstein–Barr virus reactivation.
Hemoglobin H disease resulting from the association of the – α3.7 rightward deletion and the (αα)ΜΜ deletion in a Brazilian patient
Authors: Wenning M.R.S.C. , Harteveld C.L. , Giordano P.C. , Kimura E.M. , Saad S.T.O. , Costa F.F. , Sonati M.F.
Published: March 2003

Abstract:  A patient with Hb H disease resulting from the association of the – α3.7 rightward deletion with the rare (αα)ΜΜ deletion, which removes the entire α‐major regulatory element (MRE), is reported. This is the first description of an α‐thalassemic mutation resulting from deletion of the locus‐controlling sequences in the South‐American population.
Dramatic efficacy of fludarabine in the treatment of an aggressive case of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes
Authors: Yasukawa Masaki , Yamauchi Hayato , Azuma Taichi , Takada Kiyonori , Ishimura Mina , Fujita Shigeru
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder of mature B lymphocytes. Splenectomy is primarily recommended for treating this disease, and splenic irradiation or alkylating agents may be effective; however, frequent recurrence is observed after these therapies. We report here an unusual case of SLVL in which the degree of splenomegaly and the serum IgM level increased rapidly. Although the effects of splenic irradiation and combination chemotherapy were both unsatisfactory and transient, complete remission lasting for more than 15 months was achieved after two courses of treatment with low‐dose fludarabine (15 mg m−2 daily for 3 d). The present case indicates that treatment with fludarabine is effective for SLVL and recommended as the first‐line therapy for elderly patients and those with an aggressive form of the disease.
Myasthenia gravis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation treated with mycophenolate mofetil monitored by peripheral blood OX40+ CD4+ T cells
Authors: Kotani Ai , Takahashi Atsushi , Koga Hikari , Morita Rinpei , Fukuyama Hidenao , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Ishikawa Takayuki , Hori Toshiyuki , Uchiyama Takashi
Published: March 2003

Abstract: A patient who developed myasthenia gravis (MG) 25 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplant was immunologically analyzed. OX40+CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood prominently increased one month before the onset of MG. CD4/CD8 ratios, usually abnormally inverted in patients with chronic graft‐vs.‐host disease (cGVHD), showed pseudonormalization during the course of MG. We succeeded in uneventful rapid tapering of prednisolone (PSL) using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Monitoring of OX40+CD4+ T cells supported the tapering of PSL and MMF as a marker of cGVHD activity. This case suggested the utility of MMF and monitoring of OX40+CD4+ T cells in the management of cGVHD‐associated autoimmune diseases.
Imatinib‐induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) in two patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Schwarz Michaela , Kreuzer Karl‐Anton , Baskaynak Gökben , Dörken Bernd , Le Coutre Philipp
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Imatinib mesylate blocks bcr/abl kinase activity effectively, and thus is a promising drug in Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemias. While under imatinib treatment high hematological and cytogenetic response rates could be observed, usually only mild non‐hematological side‐effects like skin rash, edema, and muscular cramps occur. Here we report two severe cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to imatinib. In both patients the generalized pustular eruptions could be observed 12 wk after initiation of imatinib treatment. Numerous microbiological investigations excluded an infectious etiology, and histopathology of cutaneous lesions was consistent with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Accordingly, withdrawal of imatinib led to a restitutio at integrum of the integument. Our report confirms another single observation of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis in chronic myeloid leukemia under imatinib therapy, and confirms that this is a rare but proven adverse effect of imatinib.
Acquired haemophilia in HIV negative, HHV‐8 positive multicentric Castleman's disease: a case report
Authors: Marietta Marco , Pozzi Samantha , Luppi Mario , Bertesi Marcello , Cappi Cinzia , Morselli Monica , Torelli Giuseppe
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Multicentric Castleman's Disease (MCD) is an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, related to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection and often associated with autoimmune diseases such as haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Acquired haemophilia (AH) is a rare, life‐threatening disease, which can occur in association with lymphoproliferative disorders, although only one case of AH in MCD has been described so far. We report the case of a human immuno deficiency virus negative 71‐yr‐old woman referred to our hospital for prolonged bleeding on surgical site following a lymph node biopsy. Lymph node histology revealed MCD, while the screening for the bleeding disorder showed prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (ratio: 1.89, normal value <1.24), low factor VIII (FVIII:C) levels (6%) with anti‐factor VIII antibodies (2.3 Bethesda units), leading to a diagnosis of AH. Virological studies on plasma, lymphocyte and bronchoalveolar wash showed positivity for HHV‐8 infection. Treatment with steroids (metilprednisolone 1–1.5 mg/kg/d) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/d orally) was unsuccessful, and then antiviral therapy with cidofovir (5 mg/kg/wk) was started. A transient normalisation of APTT was seen after two administrations of cidofovir, but then coagulation parameters worsened and a large haematoma of the arm appeared. Bleeding was successfully stopped with two boluses of recombinant activated factor VII (Novoseven® 90 μg/kg). Therapy with anti‐CD 20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Mabthera® 375 mg/m2 once a week for 4 wk) was started, and following two administrations APTT normalised once again. Cardiological and neurological complications arised before the third dose of rituximab and the patient died shortly afterwards.
CAL72: a human osteosarcoma cell line with unique effects on hematopoietic cells
Authors: Rochet Nathalie , Leroy Pascale , Far Dariush Farahi , Ollier Laurence , Loubat Agnès , Rossi Bernard
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Permanent osteoblastic cell lines are potential tools to study the interactions between osteoblastic and hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow cavity. In a recent work we have shown that the osteosarcoma cell line CAL72 may be more closely related to normal osteoblasts than the osteosarcoma cells previously described. In the present work we continued the characterisation of the CAL72 cell line with regard to its effects on various hematopoietic cells, in coculture experiments. We show here that CAL72 cells, in contrast to MG‐63 or SaOS‐2 osteosarcoma cell lines, do not inhibit hematopoietic colony formation and sustain the limited expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in a similar way to that described for normal osteoblasts. We also demonstrate that CAL72 cells induce the monocytic differentiation of the promyelocytic HL‐60 cell line like MG‐63 and SaOS‐2, but support a better maturation and a longer survival of the differentiated cells than the two other osteosarcoma cell lines. In order to better understand the differential effects observed between CAL72 and MG‐63 or SaOS‐2, we analysed the cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression of these cells using the RNase protection quantitative assay. We show here that the expression profile of CAL72 is clearly different from that of MG‐63 or SaOS‐2 and may explain, at least in part, its specific effects on hematopoietic cells. Taken together these experiments confirm that CAL72 has particular properties and is an interesting tool to study the role of osteoblastic cells in hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation.
Lanceolate hair‐J (lahJ): A mouse model for human hair disorders
Authors: Sundberg J. P. , Boggess D. , Bascom C. , Limberg B. J. , Shultz L. D. , Sundberg B. A. , King, Jr L. E. , Montagutelli X.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Lanceolate hair‐J (lahJ) arose spontaneously in 1994 on the DBA/1LacJ inbred background at The Jackson Laboratory. Mutant mice were runted, alopecic, and lacked vibrissae. As they aged, their skin wrinkled. Affected mice developed a noninflammatory, proliferative skin disease with follicular dystrophy. Hair fibers developed a number of abnormalities including periodic nodules along the shaft (trichorrhexis nodosa), compaction resembling trichorrhexis invaginata, spiral fractures, broken tips, and lance‐shaped tips. This mutation exhibits some characteristics that resemble an autosomal recessive ichthyosiform disease that occurs in humans characterized in part by peculiar, invaginating, multinodal, hair shaft abnormalities known as Netherton's syndrome. Periodic nodules also resemble the human genetic based disease monilethrix. This autosomal recessive mouse mutation, allelic with lanceolate hair (lah), based on breeding studies, is located on mouse Chromosome 18, within a cluster of genes coding for adhesion molecules. Homozygotes for either of these allelic mouse mutations have elevated serum IgE levels, a feature also common with human Netherton's syndrome.
Characterization of the desmosomal cadherin gene family: Genomic organization of two desmoglein genes on human chromosome 18q12
Authors: Frank J. , Cserhalmi‐Friedman P. B. , Ahmad W. , Panteleyev A. A. , Aita V. M. , Christiano A. M.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The human desmoglein genes, desmogleins 1–3, are members of the desmosomal cadherin superfamily, and encode critical components of the desmosome. These genes are tightly clustered within 150–200 kb of chromosome 18q12.1 and represent excellent candidate genes for genetic disorders of the epidermis linked to this region of the genome. Mutations in desmoglein 1 have already been implicated in the genetic disorder striate palmoplantar keratoderma. Similarly, a mutation in desmoglein 3 underlies the balding mouse phenotype, although no human mutations in desmoglein 3 have been identified to date. In this study, we have characterized the genomic organization of two of the three desmoglein genes mapped to chromosome 18q12. Comparison of their exon–intron structure reveals the high level of evolutionary conservation expected from these related genes. The identification of the genomic structure of the desmoglein genes will facilitate mutation detection in genodermatoses with desmosomal abnormalities resulting from underlying defects in these genes.
The nitroxide Tempol affords protection against ultraviolet radiation in a transgenic murine fibroblast culture model of cutaneous photoaging
Authors: Bernstein E. F. , Kong S. K. , Brown D. B. , Kwak B. C. , Takeuchi T. , Gasparro F. P. , Uitto J.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The generation of reactive oxygen species is among the various mechanisms by which ultraviolet radiation damages skin. Tempol, a superoxide dismutase analogue which readily penetrates cell membranes when administered exogenously, has been shown to provide protection against some forms of oxygen‐dependent damage. In this study, we measured the ability of Tempol to protect against ultraviolet A‐ and ultraviolet B‐induced damage, using a previously described transgenic mouse model of cutaneous photoaging. The ability of Tempol to prevent ultraviolet radiation‐induced elastin promoter activation was determined in vitro. Tempol provided over 50% protection against ultraviolet B and over 70% protection against ultraviolet A as measured in our in vitro system. These results demonstrate the ability of the superoxide dismutase mimic, Tempol, to protect against ultraviolet induced elastin promoter activation. This compound could be a useful pharmacological agent to prevent cutaneous photoaging.
Release of soluble tryptase but only minor amounts of chymase activity from cutaneous mast cells
Authors: Kivinen P. K. , Kaminska R. , Naukkarinen A. , Harvima R. J. , Horsmanheimo M. , Harvima I. T.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Tryptase and chymase are the major serine proteinases of skin mast cells but their biologic significance depends on their activity. In this study, we demonstrate the release of soluble activity of tryptase, but not markedly that of chymase, into skin blister fluids induced by freezing with liquid nitrogen as well as into supernatant during incubation of 8 whole skin specimens with compound 48/80 for up to 2 days followed by sonication. Incubation of 3 other skin specimens in compound 48/80 for up to 2 days revealed that the number of mast cells displaying tryptase activity decreased significantly on day 2, and the number of mast cells showing chymase activity (but not those showing chymase immunoreactivity) decreased significantly on day 1 but not thereafter on day 2. The results of 3 skin organ cultures for up to 14 days showed steady decrease in the number of tryptase‐positive cells but persistence of mast cells containing chymase activity. Chymase in solution was sensitively inhibited by 0.01 mg/ml α1‐antichymotrypsin but higher concentrations (0.3–3.0 mg/ml) were needed for inhibiting chymase on skin sections. In conclusion, after mast cell degranulation tryptase activity is substantially solubilized and it may potentially affect both local and distant skin structures. Instead, chymase is partially inactivated and the remaining chymase activity persists at the site of degranulation having only local effects.
Solar simulated irradiation modulates gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in cultured human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Leccia M.‐T. , Yaar M. , Allen N. , Gleason M. , Gilchrest B. A.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Exposure of skin to solar irradiation generates reactive oxygen species that damage DNA, membranes, mitochondria and proteins. To protect against such damage, skin cells have evolved antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), copper and zinc‐dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD1), the mitochondrial manganese‐dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and catalase. This report examines the effect of a single low or moderate dose exposure to solar‐simulating combined UVB and UVA irradiation on the gene expression and activities of these antioxidant enzymes in cultured normal human fibroblasts. We find that both doses initially decrease GSH‐Px, SOD2 and catalase activities, but within 5 days after irradiation the activities of the enzymes return to pre‐irradiation level (catalase) or are induced slightly (SOD1, GSH‐Px) or substantially (SOD2) above the basal level. For SOD1, SOD2 and catalase, the higher dose also detectably modulates the mRNA level of these enzymes. Our results indicate that the effects of a single physiologic solar simulated irradiation dose persist for at least several days and suggest that skin cells prepare for subsequent exposure to damaging irradiation by upregulating this antioxidant defense system, in particular the mitochondrial SOD2. Our findings are consistent with the existence of a broad‐based SOS‐like response in irradiated human skin.
Soymilk reduces hair growth and hair follicle dimensions
Authors: Seiberg M. , Liu J.‐C. , Babiarz L. , Sharlow E. , Shapiro S.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: We have recently shown that soybean‐derived serine protease inhibitors and soybean extracts alter skin pigmentation, suggesting that soymilk could be used as a natural alternative to skin lightening. The present studies were initiated to examine the possible effect of STI, BBI and soymilk on hair pigmentation. Interestingly, these agents were found to affect not only hair pigmentation, but also the rate of hair growth, the dimensions of the hair follicle and hair shaft, and the appearance of the hair. The studies presented here provide first evidence, at the morphological and histological level, that soymilk and the soybean‐derived serine protease inhibitors could be used as effective agents for hair care and management. These agents could reduce the rate of hair growth, decrease hair shaft dimensions and alter the pattern of melanogenic gene expression.
Tumor regression of human and murine melanoma after intratumoral injection of IL‐12‐encoding plasmid DNA in mice
Authors: Heinzerling Lucie , Dummer Reinhard , Pavlovic Jovan , Schultz Jan , Burg Günter , Moelling Karin
Published: March 2003

Abstract: DNA coding for murine interleukin 12 (IL‐12) prevents the formation of B16‐melanoma metastasis when administered intramuscularly. Here, the antitumor effect of IL‐12‐encoding DNA on established mouse B16 melanoma and human melanoma tumors was investigated in vivo using two animal models: B16 melanoma in C57B/6 mice and human melanoma in nude mice. In B16 melanoma, intratumoral injections of IL‐12‐encoding DNA resulted in highly significant growth retardation when compared with mice injected with control vector. In the case of the human melanoma model, treatment with DNA coding for IL‐12 induced regression of tumors in all cases, with complete disappearance of the tumor in two out of five animals. DNA treatment did not induce systemic side‐effects. In the animals injected with control vector the human melanoma tumors grew expansively. The therapeutic effect of the DNA injection was mediated in part by natural killer (NK) cells as shown by NK‐depletion experiments. An antivascular effect of IL‐12 treatment was evident in histological examination with endothelial thickening and abrupt changes in vessel diameters. These results suggest that intratumoral plasmid DNA coding for IL‐12 holds some promise as a new therapeutic tool for accessible melanoma lesions and should be tested in clinical trial.
Augmentation of monocyte interleukin‐8 production by psoralen/UVA‐treated CD4+ T cells
Authors: Tokura Y. , Seo N. , Tomida M. , Sarukawa M. , Hashizume H. , Takigawa M. , Moriwaki S.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Treatment of cells with psoralen and ultraviolet A light (UVA) modulates their cytokine production. As extracorporeal photochemotherapy has been reported to induce cytokine production by monocytes, we quantified interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a representative chemokine produced by monocytes, in culture supernatants from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) and UVA. Lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL‐8 production in 8‐MOP‐phototreated PBMC more efficiently than those untreated or treated with 8‐MOP or UVA. More interestingly, when cultured with T‐cell‐stimulating anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 antibodies, 8‐MOP/UVA‐treated PBMC produced enhanced amounts of IL‐8 with an increased level of IL‐8 mRNA expression. Depletion of CD4 but not CD8 T cells from PBMC abrogated this augmented IL‐8 elaboration, and CD4 T cells per se secreted no substantial amount of IL‐8 even upon CD3/CD28 stimulation. Thus, 8‐MOP/UVA‐treated CD4 T cells stimulated monocytes to secrete IL‐8. The IL‐8 overproduction was induced by direct contact of monocytes with 8‐MOP/UVA‐treated CD4 T cells but not by cytokines from the treated CD4 T cells. These findings imply that in extracorporeal photochemotherapy, monocytes effectively produce IL‐8 by cell‐to‐cell contact with 8‐MOP/UVA‐treated malignant CD4 T cells. The augmentation of monocyte cytokine/chemokine production by 8‐MOP/UVA may be one of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy.
Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Pusey B. J. , Arthington A. H. , Bird J. R. , Close P. G.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year‐round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis, which occurs in high‐elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history.Note
Does timing of daily feeding affect growth rates of juvenile three‐spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L?
Authors: Ali M. , Wootton R. J.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – To assess the consequences of unpredictability in the availability of food, this study measured the effect of timing of the daily feeding on food consumption and growth rates of juvenile Gasterosteus aculeatus. The experiment lasted 21 days at 14 °C and a photoperiod of 10 hours of light and 14 hours of dark. Fish were housed individually and allocated at random to three treatments. The mean initial weight of fish was 0.402 g. Group 1 were fed live enchytraeid worms for 2 h after lights came on (“morning”), group 2 was offered food for 2 h randomly at any time of the day (“random”) during the light period and group 3 received food for 2 h before the lights went off (“evening”). There was no significant effect of timing of feeding on mean daily food consumption, which was 0.052 g day−1. Daily consumption on the random schedule was more irregular than on the two fixed schedules. Timing of feeding had no significant effect on mean specific growth rate (G) (2.42% day−1), gross growth efficiency (23.3%), white muscle RNA:DNA ratio (5.6), carcase lipid content (31.7% dry wt) and carcase dry matter content (27.4% wet wt). Thus, a lack of predictability in the availability of food during the light period of the day did not impose a detectable cost on the growth performance of the stickleback.
The effects of fluvial processes and habitat heterogeneity on distribution, growth and densities of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), with consequences on abundance of the adult fish
Authors: Gibson R. J.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – The required freshwater habitats of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are, in general, well known, but vary in quality, related to interacting effects of several variables, which may depend on different parts of a river system. Examples are given of ranges of densities and growth that can be found at various sites in eastern Canada, illustrating the biological and physico‐chemical factors affecting production of juvenile salmon. Relative growth rates can indicate habitat quality and population densities. Salmon parr have negative effects on brook trout in riffle habitats. The effects of migrations within the river and of changes with stream succession on juvenile salmon production are illustrated with examples from a Newfoundland river. Migration of age‐classes can be quantified from ‘self‐thinning’ curves. Lakes have enhancing effects on downstream fluvial habitats, and, at least in Newfoundland, and probably in many boreal areas, the lacustrine proportion of the basin can be used as an index for deriving estimates of required spawning escapement. The factors described should be taken into account for more refined estimates of river production and management of the salmon resource.
Recruitment patterns of six species of cyprinid fishes in the lower River Trent, England
Authors: Nunn A. D. , Cowx I. G. , Harvey J. P.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – Fisheries data were collected for six species of 0‐group cyprinid fishes from eight sites in the lower reaches of the River Trent, England, between May and October 1999 inclusive, using a micromesh seine net. Recruitment and growth patterns were observed via monthly length–frequency histograms and estimations of mean length. In the cases of roach and dace, growth was approximately linear through the summer, before declining in September and October. In the cases of chub and gudgeon, and to a lesser extent bream and bleak, however, there were suggestions of multiple recruitment events. It is argued that some of the fish species examined in the present study adopt fractional or protracted spawning strategies in the lower River Trent.
Brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus(L.)) as predators on three sympatric whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus(L.)) forms in the subarctic Lake Muddusjärvi
Authors: Kahilainen K. , Lehtonen H.
Published: March 2003

Abstract – Brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus(L.)) use whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus(L.)) as their main prey in the subarctic Lake Muddusjärvi. Brown trout dwelled in littoral and pelagic habitat, whereas Arctic charr lived only in epibenthic habitat. Both species shifted to whitefish predation at a length of 20–30 cm. At this size, brown trout fed on larger whitefish than Arctic charr. Whitefish occur in three sympatric forms, differing in their habitat, ecology and morphology. Both the predators preyed primarily upon the small‐sized, densely rakered whitefish form (DR), which was the most numerous whitefish form in the lake. DR used both epibenthic and pelagic habitat, whereas two sparsely rakered whitefish forms dwelled (LSR and SSR) only in epibenthic habitat: LSR in littoral and SSR in profundal areas. Sparsely rakered whitefish forms had minor importance in predator diet.
Accuracy of radiographic assessment of interproximal bone loss in intrabony defects using linear measurements
Authors: Eickholz P. , Hausmann E.
Published: March 2003

The aim of the present study was to examine the accuracy of linear measurements on radiographs of interproximal bone loss in intrabony defects utilizing the gold standard of surgical measurements. In 22 patients with untreated advanced periodontal disease, 33 standardized radiographs were taken presurgically. The horizontal and vertical angulation difference of the central beam from the orthoradial projection and radiographic magnification was calculated for each radiograph. At the time of surgery, for 34 interproximal intrabony defects, the distances from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) to the bottom of the bony defect (BD) and alveolar crest (AC) to BD, and the height of the one‐, two‐ and three‐walled section of the intrabony defects were measured. In all radiographs, the linear distance CEJ to BD was assessed. Radiographic and surgical assessments were compared. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors (angulation difference, patient, surgical measurements) that influenced the discrepancy between radiographic and surgical measurements. The radiographic assessments underestimated bone loss as compared to surgical measurements (1.41±2.58 mm).
Patterns of cell death induced by eluates from denture base acrylic resins in U‐937 human monoblastoid cells
Authors: Cimpan Mihaela Roxana , Cressey Lill Irene , Skaug Nils , Halstensen Alfred , Lie Stein Atle , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Matre Roald
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the apoptosis‐ and necrosis‐inducing potential of eluates from three heat‐polymerized and four autopolymerized poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based denture base resins. Our hypothesis was that the rate of cell death by apoptosis and/or necrosis induced by such denture base resins could be an important indicator of their cytotoxicity degree. U‐937 human monoblastoid cells were exposed for 24 h and 48 h to eluates of 0.1 g/ml, 0.2 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml, and 0.8 g/ml extracted for 24 h and 48 h. The characteristics of apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and light and electron microscopy. Eluates from all resins enhanced cell death by apoptosis and necrosis in U‐937 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion. Eluates from autopolymerized resins yielded higher percentages of apoptosis and necrosis than the heat‐polymerized ones. The results support our hypothesis that eluates of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based denture base acrylic resins activate death‐signaling pathways, and that the extent of this process reflects their biocompatibility degree.
Variability of the masticatory process during chewing of elastic model foods
Authors: Lassauzay Claire , Peyron Marie‐Agnès , Albuisson Eliane , Dransfield Eric , Woda Alain
Published: March 2003

Many studies show a consistent individual chewing pattern; chewing being governed by a pattern generator and regulated by sensory feedback. The aim of this study was to determine the variation in chewing between sessions, replicates and subjects using elastic model foods. Fifteen young male subjects were selected to chew four food products differing in hardness. Four sessions were performed at 1‐wk intervals for each subject and, within each session, the four model foods were presented 3 times each. Jaw movement was recorded simultaneously with masseter and anterior temporalis electromyographic activities. Several chewing characteristics increased progressively from one session to the next; the largest increase occurred from the 1st to the 2nd session, with little difference between the last two sessions. No differences were observed between the samples of the same food product within a session. As mastication progressed, the amplitude and speed of the cycles and the muscular work decreased progressively. The first cycle appeared to be very different from the subsequent for all parameters except for occlusal duration. Thus, under our experimental conditions, the origin and amount of variation in chewing patterns were identified and provide information to improve the accuracy and comparability of results in studies of mastication.
Factors influencing proximal dental contact strengths
Authors: Dörfer Christof E. , Von Bethlenfalvy Eric R. , Staehle Hans Jörg , Pioch Thomas
Published: March 2003

The aim of this study was to systematically measure proximal contact strength in complete natural dentitions of 30 adults (25.3±3.0 years of age), and to analyze its relationship to tooth type, tooth location, chewing effort and time of day variation. The contact strengths were measured dynamically during removal of a calibrated 0.05‐mm‐thick metal strip between the proximal contacts of adjacent teeth. Proximal contact strengths were lower in the maxilla (2.51±1.36 N) compared to the mandible (4.26±1.88 N). Within the jaws, the lowest proximal contact strength was measured between canine and first premolar (2.91±1.79 N) and the highest between second premolar and first molar (3.73±1.95 N). Chewing increased the proximal contact strength within the maxilla (before: 2.51±1.36 N, after: 3.02±1.45 N) but it remained unchanged in the mandible (before: 4.26±1.88 N, after: 4.22±1.85 N). The proximal contact strength increased significantly from morning (3.39±1.86 N) to noon (3.61±1.77 N), and then decreased in the afternoon (3.43±1.60 N). It was concluded that proximal contact strength can be significantly influenced by location, tooth type, chewing and time of day variation. Based on the differences in distribution due to the effect of chewing and time of day, it is speculated that proximal contact strength is a physiological entity of multifactorial origin.
A randomised prospective clinical trial into the effect of infant orthopaedics on maxillary arch dimensions in unilateral cleft lip and palate (Dutchcleft)
Authors: Prahl Charlotte , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne M. , Van 'T Hof Martin A. , Prahl‐Andersen Birte
Published: March 2003

Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of infant orthopaedics (IO) on maxillary dimensions in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The study design was a prospective two‐arm randomised controlled trial in parallel with three participating academic Cleft Palate Centres. Treatment was assigned by means of a computerised balanced allocation method. One group (IO+) wore passive maxillary plates during the first year of life, the other group (IO−) did not. Maxillary casts, made at birth, and at 15, 24, 48, 78 wk were digitised three‐dimensionally. Before lip closure alveolar, midpalatal and posterior cleft width reduced significantly more in IO(+) than in IO(−). After lip closure, the alveolar cleft width reduced significantly more in IO(−). Until soft palate closure the slope of the palatal vault flattened significantly by IO. It is concluded that IO only has a temporary effect on maxillary arch dimensions that does not last beyond surgical soft palate closure. Therefore, infant orthopaedics as a tool to improve maxillary arch form could be abandoned. However, other outcome variables like facial and dental appearance, speech outcome, and cost‐effectiveness need to be investigated further in order to assess the comprehensive effect of infant orthopaedics.
Burnout intervention among Dutch dentists: long‐term effects
Authors: Te Brake Hans , Gorter Ronald , Hoogstraten Johan , Eijkman Michiel
Published: March 2003

The aim of the present study was to determine the long‐term effects of a burnout‐intervention program among Dutch dentists using a longitudinal design. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Dutch version: MBI‐NL), at the initial measurement in 1997 a ‘burnout risk group’ (n=171) was identified. This group received feedback on their scores and was invited to participate in an intervention program. Of the total group, 19 dentists participated in an intervention program. After the end of the intervention program, 92 dentists (the 19 participants and a control group) responded to a post‐intervention survey in 1998. These dentists were approached once more 1 yr later, and this time 78 dentists (84.8%) returned a questionnaire. While demonstrating an improvement on all subscales of the MBI‐NL at the first post‐test, results show that the program participants showed a relapse at the second post‐test. Controls who took action on their own initiative, on the other hand, reported a beneficial effect in the long run. Finally, controls that did not take any preventive action showed little or no progress. Possible causes for these findings are discussed, including the influence of coping style, perceived control, confounding factors, demand characteristics, and the necessity of post‐intervention follow‐up.
Experience of pain during an orthodontic procedure
Authors: Bergius Marianne , Berggren Ulf , Kiliaridis Stavros
Published: March 2003

This study investigated pain experiences during a common orthodontic treatment. Fifty‐five patients (12–18 yr) starting treatment due to crowding were included. Molar elastic separators were inserted bilaterally, and telephone interviews were made during evenings for a week. Pain intensity was assessed on a VAS scale, and pain medications were recorded. Forty‐eight patients (87%) reported pain the first evening. The highest intensity of pain was reached the day after placement of separators (VAS mean=43.7). At day 7, 42% of the patients still reported pain. Pain medication was used by 27% of the patients during the first 2 d, after which no patients used painkillers. While motivational factors and reasons for seeking treatment did not influence pain assessments, patients taking pain medication made significantly higher pain ratings during the days medication was used. Girls made significantly higher pain ratings during the later phase (day 3–7) of the follow‐up week. Statistically significant relationships were found between ‘late’ VAS assessments and reported level of previous general pain experiences. The perceived pain from separators was comparable to previous general and dental pain experiences. It was concluded that pain is common after a simple procedure such as placement of molar separators. The experience of pain varied substantially among subjects. The intensity of pain was gradually reduced, but still more than 40% of the teenagers reported some pain after 1 week.
Determining low levels of fluoride released from resin based dental materials
Authors: McCabe John F. , Carrick Thomas E. , Sidhu Sharanbir K.
Published: March 2003

Fluoride release determinations were made on two resin matrix dentine bonding systems using an ion‐selective electrode and ion chromatography. Calibrations were made on serially diluted samples of standard fluoride solutions. The electrode method consistently gave higher values than the chromatographic method for one of the materials, and this was considered to be due to the use of total ionic strength adjustment buffer in electrode determinations. The lower limit of fluoride determination using the electrode was 0.5–0.1 p.p.m. Below this concentration the output from the electrode became meaningless. The chromatographic method gave meaningful results down to 0.001 p.p.m. The fluoride release results for the meter were meaningful only for the first 2 d for one test material and for up to 10 d for the other material. Using chromatography, fluoride release could be monitored for the full 44 d of the trial for both materials. Over the range of concentrations where fluoride determinations were possible by both methods, the values were correlated (R = 0.98). Ion chromatography appears to have an advantage over the ion‐selective electrode for measuring low levels of fluoride release from dental materials.
Organic material and the optical properties of the dark zone in caries lesions of enamel
Authors: Shellis R. P. , Hallsworth A. S. , Kirkham J. , Robinson C.
Published: March 2003

Sections of uncavitated natural caries lesions of human enamel were extracted with various solvents and examined by polarizing microscopy. After lipid extraction, the dark zone enlarged by 19–162% and its birefringence increased, while after protein extraction it shrank by 37–92% and became less birefringent. It is concluded that occlusion of submicroscopic pores by organic material largely accounts for the optical properties of the dark zone. The results are not consistent with occlusion of pores by reprecipitation of mineral. On the basis of previous work, organic material in this location could influence demineralization and remineralization.
Expression of cytoskeletal proteins in developing human minor salivary glands
Authors: Domingues Martins Manoela , De Araújo Vera Cavalcanti , Raitz Ricardo , Soares de Araújo Ney
Published: March 2003

The presence of an epithelium at different stages of proliferation and differentiation raises interesting questions concerning the histogenesis, cell turnover and differentiation of normal salivary glands. In order to expand knowledge of these aspects, we investigated the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 7,8,10,13,14,16,18 and 19, vimentin (VIM), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in developing human minor salivary glands using monoclonal antibodies. Labial, buccal, palatine, and lingual salivary glands and those from the floor of the mouth were obtained from human fetuses (forensic postmortem) ranging in age from gestational weeks 10 to 29. Serial sections, 3 µm thick, were immunostained using a strepto‐avidin‐biotin technique. Reactivity for all antibodies was negative in the salivary gland epithelium during the developmental stages of bud formation, cord growth, and branching of cord. During canalization and cytodifferentiation, the glandular epithelial cells showed a positive reaction to some CKs and SMA. Cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, and 19 showed strong labeling in luminal duct cells that exhibited some degree of morphological differentiation. Myoepithelial cells were recognized by antibodies to SMA. Cytoskeletal protein expression changes according to the cell type, degree of differentiation, and stage of morphological development of the glandular structure. These changes occur independently of the localization of the gland.
Keratinocyte growth factor and scatter factor expression by regionally defined oral fibroblasts
Authors: William McKeown Scott Thomas , Hyland Paula Lisa , Locke Matthew , Mackenzie Ian Campbell , Irwin Christopher Robert
Published: March 2003

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (SF) are two signalling molecules thought to play important roles in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. Expression of both factors by fibroblasts in subepithelial connective tissue may play a role in maintaining epithelial integrity in health and in the apical migration of junctional epithelium in periodontitis. The aims of this study were (a) to compare expression levels of KGF and SF by periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingival fibroblasts; and (ii) to determine the effects of interleukin (IL)‐1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on KGF/SF expression by these cell populations. Three paired PDL and gingival fibroblast strains were developed. The KGF and SF protein levels were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Relative levels of KGF and SF mRNA in cytokine‐treated cultures were determined using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. No differences in the levels of KGF and SF produced by PDL and gingival (SOG) populations were found. In both cell types IL‐1β stimulated KGF and SF expression, while TGF‐β1 significantly inhibited expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Epidermal growth factor and PDGF‐BB induced differing effects on expression, stimulating SF protein production but inhibiting KGF output in both fibroblast populations. Differences in response to EGF and PDGF were also seen between paired PDL and gingival fibroblasts.
Mutual interactions of boar seminal plasma proteins studied by immunological and chromatographic methods
Authors: Jonáková Vìra , Maòásková Pavla , Balínová Pavla , Tichá Marie
Published: March 2003

Mammalian fertilization includes highly regulated biochemical interactions: binding of seminal plasma proteins to the sperm surface during ejaculation, interaction of sperm surface proteins with oviductal epithelial cells, sperm capacitation, gamete recognition, primary binding of the sperm to the ovum, etc. Spermadhesins, sperm binding proteins of seminal plasma, play roles in all these events. The plasma membrane of spermatozoa undergoes extensive remodeling when sperm mixes with seminal plasma proteins at ejaculation. Some proteins of seminal plasma become sperm‐coating agents. Two types of interactions could be involved in this process: (i) the interaction of proteins with the sperm membrane, (ii) mutual interactions between protein components. The second type of interactions is the subject of the present communication. Proteins of boar seminal plasma have been shown to be present mostly as aggregates of different composition and binding properties. Mutual interactions of proteins of boar seminal plasma likely to form aggregates were investigated by gel chromatography and affinity chromatography on immobilized spermadhesins. The protein composition of boar seminal plasma fractions adsorbed to immobilized spermadhesins was found to correspond to that of aggregated forms of seminal plasma proteins. Mutual interactions of isolated proteins were tested by gel chromatography and by specific antibodies against spermadhesins. The results obtained confirmed the existence of complex formation between spermadhesins of the AQN and AWN families, as well as between proteins involved in the formation of heterodimer PSP I/PSP II. Aggregated forms of spermadhesins are likely to be physiologically important in fertilization.