bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are We Missing the Circumplexity? An Examination of Love Styles
Authors: Cassepp-Borges Vicente , Ferrer Emilio
Published: August 2019

The colours of love theory is of great importance for understanding love. However, previous research on this theory did not consider the model as circular, as originally proposed. This article investigates the spatial location of items and underlying love dimensions in the Love Attitudes Scale with a large Brazilian sample of 1,549 participants. The measure replicated the six-factor structure of previous studies (Eros,Ludus,Storge,Mania,AgapeandPragma), including the small correlations between factors and internal consistency. The circumplex structure, however, differed from the original theory. Multidimensional scaling showed an opposition between Ludus and Eros, as well as between Mania and Storge, suggesting a new spatial location to love styles. Based on the findings, we propose a revised reformulation of the colours of love theory using attachment theory as a framework to interpret the results.
Covering the Dead in Later Prehistoric Britain: Elusive Objects and Powerful Technologies of Funerary Performance
Authors: Cooper Anwen , Garrow Duncan , Gibson Catriona , Giles Melanie
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the containment and covering of people and objects in burials throughout later prehistory in Britain. Recent analyses of grave assemblages with exceptionally well-preserved organic remains have revealed some of the particular roles played by covers in funerary contexts. Beyond these spectacular examples, however, the objects involved in covering and containing have largely been overlooked. Many of the ‘motley crew’ of pots and stones used to wrap, cover, and contain bodies (and objects) were discarded or destroyed by antiquarian investigators in their quest for more immediately dazzling items. Organic containers and covers – bags, coffins, shrouds, blankets – are rarely preserved. Our study brings together the diverse and often elusive objects that played a part in covering and containing prehistoric burials, including items that directly enclosed bodies and objects, and those that potentially pinned together (now mostly absent) organic wraps. Overall, we contend, wrapping, covering, and containing were significantly more prevalent in prehistoric funerary practices than has previously been recognised.
SOPHISTRY AND THE PROMETHEAN CRAFTS IN PLATO'SPROTAGORAS
Authors: Sommerville Brooks
Published: August 2019

TheProtagorasis a contest of philosophical methods. With its mix of μῦθος and λόγος, Protagoras’ Great Speech stands as a competing model of philosophical discourse to the Socratic elenchus. While the mythical portion of the speech clearly impresses its audience—Socrates included—one of its central claims appears to pass undefended. This is the claim that the political art cannot be distributed within a community as the technical arts are. This apparent shortcoming of the Great Speech does not seem to trouble philosophical commentators: it is amyth, after all, and it seems reasonable to suppose that the sly sophist slips certain claims into his myth precisely to avoid having to defend them. Nevertheless, it is worth subjecting the claim to philosophical scrutiny. What could be the reason that the political arthadto be distributed differently than were the technical arts, as the myth insists?
Assessing tourism patterns in the South Shetland Islands for the conservation of 19th-century archaeological sites in Antarctica
Authors: Senatore Maria Ximena
Published: August 2019

Although archaeological studies focusing on 19th-century sealing have been performed over the past 30 years, its history and sites have traditionally had low visibility in Antarctic narratives and the Antarctic Treaty System policymaking on heritage. Researchers face the challenge of increasing the visibility of sealers’ history and public awareness of the importance of conserving the oldest sites of Antarctica. In this paper, we propose that identifying patterns of tourism activity in the South Shetland Islands, specifically in their temporal and spatial dimensions, could help protect these sites and engage visitors with the early history of Antarctica. Data collected by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators were used to calculate landing point usage trends over time and the frequency of passenger landings from 2003–2004 to 2015–2016. We defined six different visitation patterns with temporal tendencies of passenger landings that varied from increasing, constant, or decreasing trends over time, differing in the magnitude and intensity of visitation. This information was used to assess the situation of particular sites located in the vicinity of tourism landing points. We set priorities for their conservation and management decisions and highlighted their relative potential to engage visitors with the stories of 19th-century sealing in Antarctica.
An Energy-Based Approach for n-d.o.f. Passive Dual-User Haptic Training Systems
Authors: Liu Fei , Licona Angel Ricardo , Lelevé Arnaud , Eberard Damien , Pham Minh Tu , Redarce Tanneguy
Published: August 2019

This paper introduces a dual-user training system whose design is based on an energetic approach. This kind of system is useful for supervised hands-on training where a trainer interacts with a trainee through two haptic devices, in order to practice on a manual task performed on a virtual or teleoperated robot (e.g., for an Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) task in a surgical context). This paper details the proof of stability of an Energy Shared Control (ESC) architecture we previously introduced for one degree of freedom (d.o.f.) devices. An extension to multiple degrees of freedom is proposed, along with an enhanced version of the Adaptive Authority Adjustment function. Experiments are carried out with 3 d.o.f. haptic devices in free motion as well as in contact contexts in order to show the relevance of this architecture.
BUILDING THE ENVIRONMENT AT PALENQUE: THE SACRED POOLS OF THE PICOTA GROUP
Authors: French Kirk D. , Straight Kirk D. , Hermitt Elijah J.
Published: August 2019

Throughout the world, past and present, social organizations develop to cope with restricted water sources. Relying on traditional archaeology, labor estimates, and ethnographic data, the Palenque Pool Project set out to better understand a series of interconnected artificial water features located in the western sector of this Classic Maya site. Here, we detail our 2014–2015 fieldwork. First, there is consideration that the Picota Group was a civic-ceremonial center first established in the Early Classic period (a.d.250–500), one km to the west of the “downtown” nucleus of the site. A review of labor estimates for the construction of architectural features of the Picota Group follows. We then explore the ethnographic component, comparing similar pool configurations investigated in the highland Tzotzil community of Chamula in 2015. The article concludes with a theoretical discussion of how and why social organizations evolve to manage water resources in the region, with reference to ethnographic information from highland Tzotzil communities.
Feeling at home in lonely cities: an emotional history of the West German urban commune movement during the long 1970s
Authors: Häberlen Joachim C.
Published: August 2019

In the 1970s, a commune movement emerged in West German cities. The article explores this movement as an attempt to create spaces for feeling ‘at home’ in cities that many people perceived to be alienating. After providing a brief overview of the development of the commune movement, the article explores the new domesticity that emerged in communes. It first discusses the emotional and political ambitions that motivated mostly left-leaning students to move into communes, and then explores the practical attempts to create such spaces for feelings, how such attempts succeeded but also encountered many difficulties. The article thereby contributes to an understanding of what it takes for people to feel at home in cities.
Development of a clinician–parent home care education intervention
Authors: Lane Blake , Hanke Samuel P. , Giambra Barbara , Madsen Nicolas L. , Staveski Sandra L.
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

To examine the strengths and opportunities for improvement of current home care education practices to inform the development of the Home Care for Heart Health intervention, and to develop a web-based intervention for parents and clinicians with complimentary print materials that could provide the right education at the right time to foster a safer transition from hospital to home.

Methods:

An inter-professional focus group of parents, clinicians, and designers was formed to co-create a home care education intervention for parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their care team. We used the Integrated New Product Development process model created by Jonathon Cagan and Craig Vogel at Carnegie Mellon University to develop the intervention. This process model is a way of thinking that combines horizontal and inter-disciplinary teams, stakeholder-centric focus, and a system of qualitative discovery and development evolving towards quantitative methods of refinement.

Results:

Our team developed the Home Care for Heart Health intervention. The evidenced-based intervention includes a quick reference guide for parents of children with CHD, an accompanying app, family-friendly pathways, and clinician education.

Conclusion:

Using an inter-professional approach, our team of clinicians, parents, and design experts were able to co-create a clinician–parent home care education intervention with broad application and lifelong relevance to the Congenital Heart Disease Community.

Practice Implications:

Our intervention has the potential to be used as a model for other home care education interventions for parents of children with chronic illnesses.
Transcutaneous embolisation of an axillary artery aneurysm in a child with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Yazbeck Nadine H. , Salameh Joseph , Haddad Fady F.
Published: August 2019

We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with Takayasu arteritis who developed acute onset wrist drop diagnosed with a large right axillary artery aneurysm compressing the surrounding structures. Our case is unique because it describes a rare presentation of Takayasu arteritis (axillary aneurysm) in a child that was treated successfully in an unconventional manner by transcutaneous embolisation following failure of trans-arterial approach.
Making Critical Thinking Skills Training Explicit, Engaging, and Effective through Live Debates on Current Political Issues: A Pilot Pedagogical Experiment
Authors: Tao Yu , Griffith Ed
Published: August 2019

We piloted a pedagogical experiment to find out whether students can benefit from explicit demonstrations on critical thinking skills through live debates between two instructors on current political issues that are relevant to but not necessarily a specific part of the curriculum. The empirical results show that, through a series of interventions in the form of explicit demonstrations and debriefs on critical thinking skills in these issue-based live debates, students’ academic performance can significantly improve over a relatively short period of time. Training students’ critical skills through explicit, engaging pedagogy is not only economical in practical and pragmatic terms but also has significant and immediate short-term effects in a setting where there is a high proportion of first-generation undergraduate students of varying abilities and backgrounds.
Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review
Authors: Desbouys Lucille , Méjean Caroline , De Henauw Stefaan , Castetbon Katia
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To explore dietary differences according to socio-economic and sociocultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults.

Design:

A systematic review was conducted.

Setting:

The main search source was MEDLINE, consulted between January 2012 and March 2017. Quality of selected studies was assessed based on dietary measurement method, sample selection, socio-economic indicator choice and statistical modelling.

Participants:

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, assessing relationships between socio-economic status and dietary intake (patterns, scores and food groups) in the 10- to 40-year-old general population of high-income countries, were selected.

Results:

Among the 7250 reports identified, forty were selected, seventeen of which were of high quality; their conclusions, related only to adolescents, were combined and presented. The most favourable dietary patterns, higher dietary scores, greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and lower consumption of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods, were associated with better parental socio-economic status, particularly in terms of higher education. Migrant status was associated with plant-based patterns, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods. For the other food groups, and for young adults, very few high-quality studies were found.

Conclusions:

The socio-economic gradient in adolescent diets requires confirmation by higher-grade studies of a wider set of food groups and must be extended to young adult populations. Future nutritional interventions should involve the most vulnerable adolescent populations, taking account of socio-economic status and migration.
Cultural memory and identity in the context of war: Experiential, place-based and political concerns
Authors: Drozdzewski Danielle , Waterton Emma , Sumartojo Shanti
Published: August 2019

Remembrance of war and conflict exposes the intricate interweaving of cultural memory and identity. Nations commemorate war to link narratives of the past with the present. This linking creates shared national narratives that temporally reinforce identities across the geography of the nation and among diverse citizenry. In this paper, the authors turn their attention towards the experiential and place-based concerns of the politics of memory within the context of war. It is argued that through attentiveness to individual experience we can better understand how cultural memory is enveloped into constructions of identity and critique such constructions alongside official narratives.
Eating Behaviors in Healthy Young Adult Twin Pairs Discordant for Body Mass Index
Authors: Berntzen Bram J. , Jukarainen Sakari , Bogl Leonie H. , Rissanen Aila , Kaprio Jaakko , Pietiläinen Kirsi H.
Published: August 2019

We aimed to study the eating behavioral traits that associate with body mass index (BMI) among BMI-discordant twin pairs. This cross-sectional study examined self-reported eating behaviors in 134 healthy young adult twin pairs (57 monozygotic [MZ] and 77 same-sex dizygotic [DZ]), of whom 29 MZ and 46 DZ pairs were BMI discordant (BMI difference ≥ 3 kg/m2). In both MZ and DZ BMI-discordant pairs, the heavier co-twins reported being less capable of regulating their food intake optimally than their leaner co-twins, mainly due to ‘frequent overeating’. Furthermore, the heavier co-twins reported augmented ‘disinhibited eating’, ‘binge-eating scores’ and ‘body dissatisfaction’. The twins agreed more frequently that the heavier co-twins (rather than the leaner co-twins) ate more food in general, and more fatty food, in particular. No significant behavioral differences emerged in BMI-concordant twin pairs. Overeating — measured by ‘frequent overeating’, ‘disinhibited eating’ and ‘binge-eating score’ — was the main behavioral trait associated with higher BMI, independent of genotype and shared environment.
The Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR): 15 Years of Twin and Family Research
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L.
Published: August 2019

The primary aim of the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR) is to examine developmental differences in genetic, environmental, neural, epigenetic, and neurobiological influences on psychopathology and resilience, particularly during childhood and adolescence. The MSUTR has two broad components: a large-scale, population-based registry of child, adolescent, and adult twins and their families (current N ~30,000) and a series of more focused and in-depth studies drawn from the registry (projected N ~7200). Participants in the population-based registry complete a family health and demographic questionnaire via mail. Families can then be recruited for one or more of the intensive, in-person studies from the population-based registry, using any one of several recruitment strategies (e.g., population-based, based on their answers to the registry questionnaire). These latter studies target a variety of biological, genetic, and environmental phenotypes, including multi-informant measures of psychiatric and behavioral phenotypes, functional and structural neuroimaging, comprehensive measures of the twin family environment (e.g., census and neighborhood informant reports of twin neighborhood characteristics, videotaped interactions of child twin families), buccal swab and salivary DNA samples, and/or assays of adolescent and adult steroid hormone levels. This article provides an overview of the MSUTR and describes current and future research directions.
Middle‐Atmosphere Dynamics Observed With a Portable Muon Detector
Authors: Tramontini M. , Rosas‐Carbajal M. , Nussbaum C. , Gibert D. , Marteau J.
Published: August 2019

In the past years, large particle physics experiments have shown that muon rate variations detected in underground laboratories are sensitive to regional, middle‐atmosphere temperature variations. Potential applications include tracking short‐term atmosphere dynamics, such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings. We report here that such sensitivity is not only limited to large surface detectors under high‐opacity conditions. We use a portable muon detector conceived for muon tomography for geophysical applications, and we study muon rate variations observed over 1 year of measurements at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, Switzerland (opacity of ~700 meter water equivalent). We observe a direct correlation between middle‐atmosphere seasonal temperature variations and muon rate. Muon rate variations are also sensitive to the abnormal atmosphere heating in January–February 2017, associated to a Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Estimates of the effective temperature coefficient for our particular case agree with theoretical models and with those calculated from large neutrino experiments under comparable conditions. Thus, portable muon detectors may be useful to (1) study seasonal and short‐term middle‐atmosphere dynamics, especially in locations where data are lacking such as midlatitudes, and (2) improve the calibration of the effective temperature coefficient for different opacity conditions. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of assessing the impact of temperature on muon rate variations when considering geophysical applications. Depending on latitude and opacity conditions, this effect may be large enough to hide subsurface density variations due to changes in groundwater content and should therefore be removed from the time series.
Saturnalia Revisited, Rosalind Franklin, and Other Recommendations
Authors:   AGU
Published: August 2019

What Earth and space science stories are we recommending this week?
Rainfall Estimation From Ground Radar and TRMM Precipitation Radar Using Hybrid Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Haonan , Chandrasekar V. , Tan Haiming , Cifelli Robert
Published: August 2019

Remote sensing of precipitation is critical for regional, continental, and global water and climate research. This study develops a deep learning mechanism to link between point‐wise rain gauge measurements, ground‐based, and spaceborne radar reflectivity observations. Two neural network models are designed to construct a hybrid rainfall system, where the ground radar is used to bridge the scale gaps between rain gauge and satellite. The first model is trained for ground radar using rain gauge data as target labels, whereas the second model is for spaceborne Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) using ground radar estimates as training labels. Data from 1 year of observations in Florida during 2009 are utilized to illustrate the application of this hybrid rainfall system. Validation using independent data in 2009, as well as 2‐year comparison against the standard PR products, demonstrates the promising performance and generality of this innovative rainfall algorithm.
Surface Rupture and Distributed Deformation Revealed by Optical Satellite Imagery: The Intraplate 2016 Mw6.0 Petermann Ranges Earthquake, Australia
Authors: Gold Ryan D. , Clark Dan , Barnhart William D. , King Tamarah , Quigley Mark , Briggs Richard W.
Published: August 2019

High‐resolution optical satellite imagery is used to quantify vertical surface deformation associated with the intraplate 20 May 2016 Mw6.0 Petermann Ranges earthquake, Northern Territory, Australia. The 21 ± 1‐km‐long NW trending rupture resulted from reverse motion on a northeast dipping fault. Vertical surface offsets of up to 0.7 ± 0.1m distributed across a 0.5‐to‐1‐km‐wide deformation zone are measured using the Iterative Closest Point algorithm to compare preearthquake and postearthquake digital elevation models derived from WorldView imagery. The results are validated by comparison with field‐based observations and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. The pattern of surface uplift is consistent with distributed shear above the propagating tip of a reverse fault, leading to both an emergent fault and folding proximal to the rupture. This study demonstrates the potential for quantifying modest (<1 m) vertical deformation on a reverse fault using optical satellite imagery.
Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints
Authors: Monsalve G. , Jaramillo J. S. , Cardona A. , Schulte‐Pelkum V. , Posada G. , Valencia V. , Poveda E.
Published: August 2019

The Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, in the northern Andes, is an example of an orogen in which Mesozoic basins were compressed during the Cenozoic, forming a ~2,500‐m‐high plateau in its northern portion. Significant shortening and crustal thickening have contributed to the construction of the present topography and elevation. In this contribution, we combine the use of teleseismic receiver functions, Hf isotopes, whole‐rock geochemistry, and U‐Pb dating to help elucidate the main mechanisms that played a role in the crustal thickening and uplift of the cordillera. Receiver functions calculated for three stations on top of the plateau are consistent with the presence of thrusts that converge into major crustal interfaces at upper‐middle crustal depths; they also suggest the existence of two crustal anisotropic layers beneath the western flank of the cordillera, which we interpret to have formed as a result of shearing. In the northern portion of the plateau, in the area where two Mio‐Pliocene volcanic domes and their related deposits outcrop, a lower crustal high seismic velocity layer is suggested by the receiver functions; we propose magmatic underplating for the origin of this layer. The geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks in the area are consistent with partial melt in a mantle influenced by slab‐related fluids; this magma could have been added to the crust and portions of it ascended and reached the surface, experiencing assimilation and differentiation during the process. We hypothesize that this Mio‐Pliocene volcanism was related to flattening of the Nazca subducting slab.
Cross‐Isobath Freshwater Exchange Within the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre
Authors: Pennelly Clark , Hu Xianmin , Myers Paul G.
Published: August 2019

The amount of cross‐isobath freshwater exchange within the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is estimated from numerical modelling simulations. A regional configuration of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean model is used to carry out three simulations with horizontal resolutions of 1/4°, 1/12°, and 1/4° with a 1/12° nested domain. Freshwater transport is calculated across five isobaths in six regions for three distinct water masses. Fresh Polar Water is only transported offshore from the western coast of Greenland and the southern coast of Labrador; other regions have onshore transport of freshwater or little offshore transport. The salty water masses of Irminger and Labrador Sea Water typically have onshore transport, acting to promote subsurface freshening of the Labrador Sea. The freshwater transport via the Polar Water mass experiences a large degree of seasonal variability, while the Irminger and Labrador Sea Water masses do not. Decomposing the freshwater transport into the mean and turbulent components indicates that most regions and water masses have stronger freshwater transport associated with the mean flow while the turbulent flow in often the opposite direction. The only water mass and region where the mean and turbulent freshwater transport act in the same direction is Polar Water along the western margin of Greenland. Model resolution plays an important role in determining cross‐isobath exchange as our results from an identically forced simulation at 1/4° has reduced seasonal cycles, reduced transport, and sometimes transport in the opposite direction when compared against the 1/12° resolution simulations.
Velocities of Positive Leaders in Intracloud and Negative Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Flashes
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Daohong , Takagi Nobuyuki
Published: August 2019

We have performed a statistical study on velocities of positive leaders in 553 intracloud (IC) and 220 negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes. It is found that velocities of positive leaders in IC and −CG flashes have very similar distributions, with the vast majority in the range of 1 to 3 × 104 m/s. Average velocities are 1.64 and 1.55 × 104 m/s, respectively, for positive leaders in IC and −CG flashes. Velocities of positive leaders in IC flashes show a clear negative correlation with initiation altitudes and leader propagation altitudes, similar to negative leaders in IC flashes. The negative correlation also exists for positive leaders in −CG flashes but is relatively weak. We also found that positive leaders in both IC and −CG flashes propagate with a stable velocity, contrary to downward positive leaders in +CG flashes and upward positive leaders in negative upward and triggered flashes, which were usually found to accelerate during propagations. These results suggest that positive leaders in IC and −CG flashes and those in +CG, upward and triggered flashes propagate with essentially different velocities. The differences and possible reasons are discussed.
Impact of GNSS Signal Delay Assimilation on Short Range Weather Forecasts Over the Indian Region
Authors: Singh Randhir , Ojha Satya Prakash , Puviarasan N. , Singh Virendra
Published: August 2019

Radio signals transmitted from a satellite constellation and gathered by a ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver allow computation of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), which is related to the atmospheric moisture. This study investigates the impact of assimilating ZTD obtained from a ground‐based GNSS network on a numerical weather prediction model analyses and subsequent forecasts quality. The numerical data assimilation experiments are performed using three‐dimensional variational data assimilation system in the Weather Research and Forecasting model, at 10‐km horizontal grid spacing for the entire month of July 2017. A comparison with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast analyses shows a clear positive impact of ZTD assimilation on the lower to middle tropospheric moisture, upper air temperature, and middle and upper tropospheric wind; errors are reduced by as large as 4%, when compared to the model run without ZTD assimilation. The impact on the analyses and forecast quality of surface meteorological variables is mostly neutral with some indication of positive impact on surface pressure. An improvement in the rainfall forecasts is also noticed when model assimilates ZTD observations. In addition, the impact of the formulation of forward model, which calculates model equivalent of the GNSS ZTD, has been assessed on ZTD assimilation. A revised forward model has been implemented within the Weather Research and Forecasting assimilation system. The revised forward model outperforms the original model for ZTD assimilation. Overall result implies that GNSS ZTD data has a good potential for improving the weather prediction and advocates the strengthening of the ground‐based GNSS network over the Indian region, which is currently very sparse.
Using Lightning Flashes to Image Thunderclouds
Authors: Peterson Michael
Published: August 2019

The optical energy emitted by lightning flashes interacts with the surrounding cloud medium through scattering and absorption. The optical signals recorded by space‐based lightning imagers describe a convolution of lightning flash energetics and radiative transfer effects in the intervening cloud layer. A thundercloud imaging technique is presented that characterizes cloud regions based on how they are illuminated by lightning. This technique models the spatial distribution of optical energy in radiant lightning pulses to determine whether and to what extent each illuminated cloud pixel behaves like a homogeneous planar cloud layer. A gridded product is constructed that differentiates flashes that illuminate convective cells from stratiform flashes with long horizontal channels and anvil flashes whose optical emissions reflect off of nearby cloud surfaces. Producing this imagery with a rolling 15‐min window allows us to visualize changes in convection with a rapid (20 s) update cycle.
Oceanic Aerosol Loading Derived From MISR's 4.4 km (V23) Aerosol Product
Authors: Witek Marcin L. , Garay Michael J. , Diner David J. , Smirnov Alexander
Published: August 2019

A new version (V23) of the Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Level 2 (swath‐based) aerosol product was publicly released in mid‐2018. V23 has seen many updates to the retrieval process, most notably over dark water (DW), which applies over the global oceans and other deep bodies of water. Here the quality of the new MISR DW retrievals is assessed using surface‐based aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) and island/coastal sites within the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). About 406 MISR/MAN and 11,015 MISR/AERONET collocated observations were identified. Comparison against MAN reveals the unparalleled accuracy of the V23 AOD retrievals: the correlation coefficient is 0.98, the root‐mean‐square error is 0.041, and the mean bias is −0.002. Aerosol spatial heterogeneity negatively affects comparison statistics against AERONET observations—applying stricter collocation criteria drastically improves agreement between MISR and AERONET. The reported AOD uncertainties realistically represent retrieval errors as they exhibit behavior similar to that of the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution. Over the 18 years of MISR data analyzed, the global area‐weighted average AOD over oceans is 0.103; it becomes 0.151 when the averaging is restricted to locations where MAN observations are available. The AOD uncertainties are generally higher than average in offshore areas dominated by anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosols and lower than average in regions with mineral dust outflows. These results suggest future directions for improving the predefined aerosol mixtures used in the MISR aerosol retrieval look‐up tables.
Terahertz spatial sampling with subwavelength accuracy
Authors: Peng Yan , Zhu Yiming , Gu Min , Zhuang Songlin
Published: August 2019

A simple terahertz (THz) spatial sampling method offers kilohertz (kHz) level sampling rates and greatly preserves the energy of a THz pulse, which enables THz imaging detection with a high signal-to-noise ratio, micron-grade accuracy, and subwavelength resolution.
Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles
Authors: Singh Akhand Pratap , Biswas Arpan , Shukla Aparna , Maiti Pralay
Published: August 2019

The application of nanomedicines is increasing rapidly with the promise of targeted and efficient drug delivery. Nanomedicines address the shortcomings of conventional therapy, as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery, reduced side effects, and better treatment outcome. The development of suitable and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles is a prerequisite that has been successfully achieved by using simple and functionalized liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, dendrimers, and mesoporous particles. A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. After successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials, many of these drugs have been marketed for human use, such as Abraxane®, Caelyx®, Mepact®, Myocet®, Emend®, and Rapamune®. Apart from drugs/compounds, novel therapeutic agents, such as peptides, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ailments. However, a large number of extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nanomedicines in humans. This review discusses the advantages of various drug delivery vehicles for better understanding of their utility in terms of current medical needs. Furthermore, the application of a wide range of nanomedicines is also described in the context of major chronic diseases.
Evaluating the use of whole genome sequencing for the investigation of a large mumps outbreak in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Stapleton P. J. , Eshaghi A. , Seo C. Y. , Wilson S. , Harris T. , Deeks S. L. , Bolotin S. , Goneau L. W. , Gubbay J. B. , Patel S. N.
Published: August 2019

In 2017 Ontario experienced the largest mumps outbreak in the province in 8 years, at a time when multiple outbreaks were occurring across North America. Of 259 reported cases, 143 occurred in Toronto, primarily among young adults. Routine genotyping of the small hydrophobic gene indicated that the outbreak was due to mumps virus genotype G. We performed a retrospective study of whole genome sequencing of 26 mumps virus isolates from early in the outbreak, using a tiling amplicon method. Results indicated that two of the cases were genetically divergent, with the remaining 24 cases belonging to two major clades and one minor clade. Phylogeographic analysis confirmed circulation of virus from each clade between Toronto and other regions in Ontario. Comparison with other genotype G strains from North America suggested that the presence of co-circulating major clades may have been due to separate importation events from outbreaks in the United States. A transmission network analysis performed with the software program TransPhylo was compared with previously collected epidemiological data. The transmission tree correlated with known epidemiological links between nine patients and identified new potential clusters with no known epidemiological links.
Microbiota signatures relating to reduced memory and exploratory behaviour in the offspring of overweight mothers in a murine model
Authors: Sanguinetti Elena , Guzzardi Maria Angela , Tripodi Maria , Panetta Daniele , Selma-Royo Marta , Zega Alessandro , Telleschi Mauro , Collado Maria Carmen , Iozzo Patricia
Published: August 2019

An elevated number of women of reproductive age are overweight, predisposing their offspring to metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Gut microbiota is influenced by maternal factors, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to explore the effects of maternal high-fat feeding on the relationship linking gut microbiota and cognitive development in the offspring. Murine offspring born to dams undergoing normal diet (NDm) and high-fat diet (HFDm) were studied at 1 or 6 months of age to assess cognitive function by Y-maze test, cerebral glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity by Positron Emission Tomography, brain density by Computed Tomography, microbiota profile (colon, caecum) and inferred metabolic pathways (KEGG analysis) by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. From 3 weeks post-weaning, mice born to HFDm developed hyperphagia and overweight, showing reduction in memory and exploratory behaviour, and brain insulin resistance in adulthood. We identified a panel of bacteria characterizing offspring born to HFD dams from early life, and correlating with dysfunction in memory and exploratory behaviour in adults (including Proteobacteria phylum, Parabacteroides and unclassified Rikenellaceae genera). Microbiota-derived metabolic pathways involved in fatty acid, essential aminoacid and vitamin processing, sulphur metabolism, glutaminergic activation and Alzheimer’s disease were differently present in the HFDm and NDm offspring groups. Our results document tight relationships between gut dysbiosis and memory and behavioural impairment in relation to maternal HFD. Persistent bacterial signatures induced by maternal HFD during infancy can influence cognition during adulthood, opening the possibility of microbiota-targeted strategies to contrast cognitive decline.
Application of hyperbolic geometry in link prediction of multiplex networks
Authors: Samei Zeynab , Jalili Mahdi
Published: August 2019

Recently multilayer networks are introduced to model real systems. In these models the individuals make connection in multiple layers. Transportation networks, biological systems and social networks are some examples of multilayer networks. There are various link prediction algorithms for single-layer networks and some of them have been recently extended to multilayer networks. In this manuscript, we propose a new link prediction algorithm for multiplex networks using two novel similarity metrics based on the hyperbolic distance of node pairs. We use the proposed methods to predict spurious and missing links in multiplex networks. Missing links are those links that may appear in the future evolution of the network, while spurious links are the existing connections that are unlikely to appear if the network is evolving normally. One may interpret spurious links as abnormal links in the network. We apply the proposed algorithm on real-world multiplex networks and the numerical simulations reveal its superiority than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Advanced Glycation End-Products Suppress Mitochondrial Function and Proliferative Capacity of Achilles Tendon-Derived Fibroblasts
Authors: Patel Shivam H. , Yue Feng , Saw Shannon K. , Foguth Rachel , Cannon Jason R. , Shannahan Jonathan H. , Kuang Shihuan , Sabbaghi Arman , Carroll Chad C.
Published: August 2019

Debilitating cases of tendon pain and degeneration affect the majority of diabetic individuals. The high rate of tendon degeneration persists even when glucose levels are well controlled, suggesting that other mechanisms may drive tendon degeneration in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of advanced glycation end-products on tendon fibroblasts to further our mechanistic understanding of the development and progression of diabetic tendinopathy. We proposed that advanced glycation end-products would induce limitations to mitochondrial function and proliferative capacity in tendon-derived fibroblasts, restricting their ability to maintain biosynthesis of tendon extracellular matrix. Using an in-vitro cell culture system, rat Achilles tendon fibroblasts were treated with glycolaldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) for 48 hours in normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high glucose (25 mM) conditions. We demonstrate that tendon fibroblasts treated with advanced glycation end-products display reduced ATP production, electron transport efficiency, and proliferative capacity. These impairments were coupled with alterations in mitochondrial DNA content and expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that advanced glycation end-products disrupt tendon fibroblast homeostasis and may be involved in the development and progression of diabetic tendinopathy.
The effects of playing music on mental health outcomes
Authors: Wesseldijk Laura W. , Ullén Fredrik , Mosing Miriam A.
Published: August 2019

The association between active musical engagement (as leisure activity or professionally) and mental health is still unclear, with earlier studies reporting contrasting findings. Here we tested whether musical engagement predicts (1) a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar or stress-related disorders based on nationwide patient registers or (2) self-reported depressive, burnout and schizotypal symptoms in 10,776 Swedish twins. Information was available on the years individuals played an instrument, including their start and stop date if applicable, and their level of achievement. Survival analyses were used to test the effect of musical engagement on the incidence of psychiatric disorders. Regression analyses were applied for self-reported psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, we conducted co-twin control analyses to further explore the association while controlling for genetic and shared environmental confounding. Results showed that overall individuals playing a musical instrument (independent of their musical achievement) may have a somewhat increased risk for mental health problems, though only significant for self-reported mental health measures. When controlling for familial liability associations diminished, suggesting that the association is likely not due to a causal negative effect of playing music, but rather to shared underlying environmental or genetic factors influencing both musicianship and mental health problems.
Regulation by walnut protein hydrolysate on the components and structural degradation of photoaged skin in SD rats
Authors: Xu Defeng , Li Dan , Zhao Zijian , Wu Jiaxin , Zhao Mouming
Published: August 2019

Skin photoaging induced by consecutive exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation is primarily responsible for skin aging and preparation of food-derived ingredients with anti-aging functions has been the hot topic worldwide.
Sensitive determination of the anti-viral drug valganciclovir by a nafion/magnetic nanoparticle-graphene/GCE as a voltammetric sensor
Authors: Ahmadi Elahe , Gholivand Mohammad Bagher
Published: August 2019

In this study, a rapid, selective and sensitive method was developed for the determination of valganciclovir (VLG).
Mechanism of photocatalytic toluene oxidation with ZnWO4: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Sheng Zhongyi , Ma Dingren , He Qing , Wu Kai , Yang Liu
Published: August 2019

ZnWO4 was found to adsorb O2 and H2O, and activate them to produce active radicals. The reactions to form benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid could be carried out spontaneously. The ring opening reaction is more likely to be carried out on benzoic acid.
Investigation of the effects of phosphorus on the selective hydrodeoxygenation of anisole over an Fe/SiO2 catalyst
Authors: Wang Shuyuan , Xu Dan , Zhao Jiaojiao , Zheng Wentao , Hu Caixia , Wen Xiaodong , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang
Published: August 2019

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin derivatives offers an effective approach to produce aromatics.
A study of99mTc/Re-tricarbonyl complexes of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides
Authors: Turnbull William L. , Murrell Emily , Bulcan-Gnirss Mariel , Majeed Maryam , Milne Mark , Luyt Leonard G.
Published: August 2019

4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide ligands were coordinated tofac-Re/99mTc(CO)3giving complexes of varying charge for applications in fluorescence microscopy and as components of SPECT imaging agents.
Sorption and transport of trenbolone and altrenogest photoproducts in soil–water systems
Authors: Yang Xingjian , Zhao Haoqi , Cwiertny David M. , Kolodziej Edward P.
Published: August 2019

Trenbolone and altrenogest photoproducts move faster and regenerate parents during transport in soil. Traditional agricultural runoff management can exhibit lower than expected efficiencies for trienone steroids when photoproducts were considered.
Mineralization of greywater organics by the ozone-UV advanced oxidation process: kinetic modeling and efficiency
Authors: Gassie Lucien W. , Englehardt James D.
Published: August 2019

A novel ozone-UV kinetic model provides insight into ozone-UV organic mineralization, in particular, varying the organic load and pH during treatment.
Correction: Immature dendritic cells navigate microscopic mazes to find tumor cells
Authors: Um Eujin , Oh Jung Min , Park Juhee , Song Taegeun , Kim Tae-Eon , Choi Yongjun , Shin Changsik , Kolygina Diana , Jeon Jae-Hyung , Grzybowski Bartosz A. , Cho Yoon-Kyoung
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Immature dendritic cells navigate microscopic mazes to find tumor cells’ by Eujin Um et al., Lab Chip, 2019, 19, 1665–1675.
A successful collaboration between academia, biotech and pharma led to discovery of erdafitinib, a selective FGFR inhibitor recently approved by the FDA
Authors: Murray Christopher W. , Newell David R. , Angibaud Patrick
Published: August 2019

The winners of the Malcolm Campbell Memorial Prize for 2019 discuss the discovery of erdafitinib.
Metallic filamentary conduction in valence change-based resistive switching devices: the case of TaOx thin film with x ∼ 1
Authors: Rosário Carlos M. M. , Thöner Bo , Schönhals Alexander , Menzel Stephan , Meledin Alexander , Barradas Nuno P. , Alves Eduardo , Mayer Joachim , Wuttig Matthias , Waser Rainer , Sobolev Nikolai A. , Wouters Dirk J.
Published: August 2019

A detailed study of the electrical transport in TaOx thin films with x ∼ 1 provides an insight into the conduction in conductive filaments inside Ta2O5-based resistive switching devices.
Radical free crosslinking of direct-write 3D printed hydrogels through a base catalyzed thiol-Michael reaction
Authors: Berry Danielle R. , Díaz Brisa K. , Durand-Silva Alejandra , Smaldone Ronald A.
Published: August 2019

3D printed micelle-based hydrogels were mechanically stabilized and crosslinked through the base catalyzed thiol-Michael addition in PBS buffer, without the use of potentially cytotoxic radical chemistry.
A redox-activated theranostic nanoplatform: toward glutathione-response imaging guided enhanced-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Xu Zhenli , Hu Jiwen , Dong Chunyan , Lu Yonglin , Wu Xuewen , Wumaier Maierhaba , Yao Tianming , Shi Shuo
Published: August 2019

A redox-sensitive nanoagent (DCMn-RA) for dual-mode GSH detection, NIR-II imaging and enhanced PDT is described.
Structure, stability, absorption spectra and aromaticity of the singly and doubly silicon doped aluminum clusters AlnSim0/+ with n = 3–16 and m = 1, 2
Authors: Tam Nguyen Minh , Duong Long Van , Cuong Ngo Tuan , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: August 2019

The isoelectronic “magic” clusters with 40 shell electrons have enhanced thermochemical stability.
Signal amplification method for miR-205 assay through combining graphene oxide with duplex-specific nuclease
Authors: Yang Zhaoqi , Qin Lan , Yang Dutao , Chen Weixia , Qian Yue , Jin Jian
Published: August 2019

A signal amplified method for detecting a biomarker of radiation-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma using graphene oxide and duplex-specific nuclease was constructed.
Synthesis of core–shell magnetic titanate nanofibers composite for the efficient removal of Sr(ii)
Authors: Yi Rong , Ye Gang , Chen Jing
Published: August 2019

Efficient removal of Sr(ii) by using core–shell magnetic titanate nanofibers.