bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metallographic Estimation of the Number of Forming Metallic Particles Obtained during Direct and Indirect Reduction of Metals from Complex Oxides
Authors: Bilgenov Arman S. , Gamov P.A. , Roshchin V.E.
Published: February 2019

The direct reduction of metals from a complex oxide with low iron content by solid carbon and indirect reduction by CO gas were studied in a vertical laboratory resistance furnace at 1300 °C for an hour reduction time. The experimental results were described from the point of view of the electrochemical nature of the metal reduction process, that involves the interaction of ions and electrons in the oxide lattice. The technique was developed by using the two different software programs for the quantitative estimation of the areas, average size and number of the metal forming in a complex oxide with extensive fields of vision. The obtained results of the quantitative characteristics of the metal forming during solid-phase carbo-thermal reduction were presented. The processes of reduction by solid carbon and CO gas based on the areas occupied by metal particles were quantitatively compared. The experimental results and the prospects for further experimental work were assessed and outlined.
Position Control and Alignment of the CCM Equipment
Authors: Sholomitskii Andrei , Sotnikov Aleksey
Published: February 2019

The improved technology of position control and alignment of the continuous casting machine (CCM) equipment based on high-precision online geodetic measurements is considered. The mathematical model for the technological axis of the continuous casting machine, the technique of the rational alignment of the machine’s equipment and the software implementing this technique are proposed. The application experience of the developed technique for control and aligning the equipment of continuous casting machines of different types is shown. The data on the efficiency of the technique for continuous casting machine equipment and its impact on the quality of a continuously cast ingot are presented.
Experimental Study of Energy Force Parameters of Combined Process "Rolling - ECA-Pressing"
Authors: Naizabekov Abdrakhman B. , Lezhnev Sergey N. , Panin Evgeniy
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to the study of energy-force parameters of combined process "rolling-equal-channel angular pressing". The objectives of the work were to determine the forces of rolling and pressing in the deformation by this combined method. The strength calculation of the matrix and the experiment on deformation of AISI 6063 aluminum samples were carried out. During the experiment, the force values were recorded using a tensometric station. The results of the strength analysis showed that this matrix design is suitable for creating an experimental stand of combined process "rolling – equal-channel angular pressing", since the calculated safety margin is sufficient to implement the pressing under extreme conditions. Analysis of the results of force measurement showed that rolling forces at all stages of deformation exceed the corresponding pressing forces, which is a necessary condition for the implementation of this combined process. The obtained results can be used in the design of experimental stands that implement investigated combined process. At the same time, the used tensometric technique for studying strength characteristics is suitable for the case of calibrated rolls.
Single Track Formation during Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Baitimerov R.M.
Published: February 2019

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technology that allows to produce functional parts with extremely complex shape from metal powder feedstock. 240 single tracks with the length of 10 mm were fabricated using different SLM process parameters: laser power output, powder layer thickness, point distance and exposure time. Obtained single tracks were measured using optical microscopy. An influence of SLM process parameters on geometrical characteristics of obtained single tracks was investigated.
TLR-Induced IL-12 and CCL2 Production by Myeloid Cells Is Dependent on Adenosine A3 Receptor–Mediated Signaling
Authors: van der Putten Céline , Veth Jennifer , Sukurova Lejla , Zuiderwijk-Sick Ella A. , Simonetti Elles , Koenen Hans J. P .M. , Burm Saskia M. , van Noort Johannes M. , IJzerman Ad P. , van Hijum Sacha A. F. T. , Diavatopoulos Dimitri , Bajramovic Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2019

TLR-induced signaling potently activates cells of the innate immune system and is subject to regulation at different levels. Inflammatory conditions are associated with increased levels of extracellular adenosine, which can modulate TLR-induced production of cytokines through adenosine receptor–mediated signaling. There are four adenosine receptor subtypes that induce different signaling cascades. In this study, we demonstrate a pivotal contribution of adenosine A3 receptor (A3R)–mediated signaling to the TLR4-induced expression of IL-12 in different types of human myeloid APC. In dendritic cells, IL-12 and CCL2 responses as evoked by TLR2, 3, 4, 5, and 8, as well as IL-12 responses evoked by whole pathogens, were all reduced when A3R-mediated signaling was blocked. As a result, concomitant production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by T cells was significantly inhibited. We further show that selective inhibition of A3R-mediated signaling reduced TLR-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 at tyrosine 701. Next-generation sequencing revealed that A3R-mediated signaling controls the expression of metallothioneins, known inhibitors of STAT1 phosphorylation. Together our results reveal a novel regulatory layer of innate immune responses, with a central role for metallothioneins and autocrine/paracrine signaling via A3Rs.
NKAP Must Associate with HDAC3 to Regulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Survival
Authors: Shapiro Michael Jeremy , Lehrke Michael Jonathan , Chung Ji Young , Romero Arocha Sinibaldo , Shapiro Virginia Smith
Published: February 2019

NKAP is a multifunctional nuclear protein that associates with the histone deacetylase HDAC3. Although both NKAP and HDAC3 are critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and survival, it was not known whether these two proteins work together. To assess the importance of their association in vivo, serial truncation and alanine scanning was performed on NKAP to identify the minimal binding site for HDAC3. Mutation of either Y352 or F347 to alanine abrogated the association of NKAP with HDAC3, but did not alter NKAP localization or expression. Using a linked conditional deletion/re-expression system in vivo, we demonstrated that re-expression of the Y352A NKAP mutant failed to restore HSC maintenance and survival in mice when endogenous NKAP expression was eliminated using Mx1-cre and poly-IC, whereas re-expression of wild type NKAP maintained the HSC pool. However, Y352A NKAP did restore proliferation in murine embryonic fibroblasts when endogenous NKAP expression was eliminated using ER-cre and tamoxifen. Therefore, Y352 in NKAP is critical for association with HDAC3 and for HSC maintenance and survival but is not important for proliferation of murine embryonic fibroblasts, demonstrating that NKAP functions in different complexes in different cell types.
Банаховы пространства, в которых длина кратчайшей сети зависит только от попарных расстояний между точками
Authors: Burusheva Leyla Sharipovna
Published: February 2019

Доказывается, что в действительном банаховом пространстве, реализующем кратчайшие сети для всех своих конечных подмножеств, длина кратчайшей сети зависит только от попарных расстояний между точками тогда и только тогда, когда пространство либо предуально к $L_1$, либо гильбертово. Получена характеризация пространств, предуальных к $L_1$, и гильбертовых пространств в терминах кратчайших сетей.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Энтропийные и ренормализованные решения анизотропных эллиптических уравнений с переменными показателями нелинейностей
Authors: Kozhevnikova Larisa Mikhailovna
Published: February 2019

Для некоторого класса анизотропных эллиптических уравнений второго порядка с переменными показателями нелинейностей и $L_1$-правой частью в произвольных областях рассматривается задача Дирихле. В анизотропных пространствах Соболева с переменными показателями доказано существование энтропийного решения. Установлено, что построенное энтропийное решение является ренормализованным решением рассматриваемой задачи.
Библиография: 37 названий.
Detection and identification of medically important microorganisms isolated from pigeon excreta collected in a university in a newly industrialized country
Authors: Ericsson de Oliveira Xavier Alessandra Rejane , Cardoso Léia , Brito Ronise Viviane Jorge , Nobre Sérgio Avelino Mota , De Almeida Anna Christina , Ericsson de Oliveira Alexandre Moisés , De Sousa Xavier Mauro Aparecido
Published: February 2019

A exposição humana a fezes de animais contaminados com microrganismos patogênicos representa um risco para a saúde. A presença de fungos e leveduras em ambientes está relacionada a efeitos adversos na saúde respiratória. A abordagem objetiva para a mitigação de possíveis efeitos à saúde devido à exposição a fungos e leveduras em ambientes fechados é difícil devido à falta de diretrizes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as condições higiênico-sanitárias, identificar e caracterizar organismos de importância médica isolados de fezes de pombos coletadas na laje de um telhado de um prédio público. Para tais pontos, a coleta de excrementos foi estabelecida e os microrganismos foram identificados por métodos bioquímicos e microbiológicos padronizados, seguidos da abordagem proteômica de MALDI-TOF para a identificação do nível de espécie. Os resultados da identificação microbiana revelaram a presença de microrganismos de importância médica nas amostras analisadas, a saber: Candida krusei, Candida rugosa, Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Trichosporon asahii. Os resultados encontrados revelam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de metodologias que permitam mitigar os riscos à saúde humana devido à exposição a agentes patogênicos no ambiente examinado.
Análise do uso de microhabitat, distribuição espacial e dieta de Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Rhamphichthyidae) em riachos de baixa ordem, Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Virgilio Lucena Rocha , Gomes Rodrigo , Suçuarana Monik , Vieira Lisandro
Published: February 2019

O hábito alimentar, psamófilo, e a morfologia de Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni, o tornam uma espécie altamente especializada, com importante papel em sistemas de riachos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o uso de microhabitats, composição da dieta, estratégias alimentares, amplitude de nicho e distribuição espacial da espécie de G. rondoni, em riachos de cabeceiras. Em cada um dos três riachos selecionados (P1, P2 e P3), localizados na Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, Acre, foram amostrados três pontos compostos por substrato de areia, três compostos por substrato de matéria orgânica e três compostos por argila, durante os períodos de seca, vazante e cheia. Os resultados mostraram que a população de G. rondoni aumentou ao longo do gradiente longitudinal, principalmente, durante o período de seca (376 indivíduos), no qual os indivíduos ocuparam substratos compostos por areia e apresentaram dieta baseada, principalmente, por presas bentônicas, como larvas de Diptera e Coleoptera. Assim, a preferência pelo consumo de larvas autóctone por G. rondoni e a sua morfologia especializada podem estar associadas à sua relação com os microhabitats de areia. O que se sugere é que a perda desses microhabitats pode influenciar negativamente a população de G. rondoni.
Variability, timescales, and nonlinearity in climate responses to black carbon emissions
Authors: Yang Yang , Smith Steven J. , Wang Hailong , Mills Catrin M. , Rasch Philip J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles exert a potentially large warming influence on
the Earth system. Reductions in BC emissions have attracted attention as a
possible means to moderate near-term temperature changes. For the first time,
we evaluate regional climate responses, nonlinearity, and short-term
transient responses to BC emission perturbations in the Arctic, midlatitudes,
and globally based on a comprehensive set of emission-driven experiments
using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Surface temperature responses
to BC emissions are complex, with surface warming over land from midlatitude
BC perturbations partially offset by ocean cooling. Climate responses do not
scale linearly with emissions. While stronger BC emission perturbations have
a higher burden efficiency, their temperature sensitivity is lower. BC
impacts temperature much faster than greenhouse gas forcing, with transient
temperature responses in the Arctic and midlatitudes approaching a
quasi-equilibrium state with a timescale of 2–3 years. We find large
variability in BC-induced climate changes due to background model noise. As a
result, removing present-day BC emissions results in discernible surface
temperature changes for only limited regions of the globe. In order to better
understand the climatic impacts of BC emissions, both the drivers of
nonlinear responses and response variability need to be assessed across
climate models.
Aerosol Properties and Their Influences on Low Warm Clouds during the Two-Column Aerosol Project
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Li Zhanqing
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Twelve months of measurements collected during the Two-Column Aerosol Project field campaign over Cape Cod, Massachusetts, which started in the summer of 2012, were used to investigate aerosol physical, optical, and chemical properties, and their influence on the dependence of cloud development on thermodynamic (lower tropospheric stability, LTS) conditions. Relationships between aerosol loading and cloud properties under different dominant air-mass conditions and the magnitude of the first indirect effect (FIE), as well as the sensitivity of the FIE to different aerosol compositions, are examined. The seasonal variation in aerosol number concentration (Na) was not consistent with variations in aerosol optical properties (scattering coefficient, σs, and columnar aerosol optical depth), which suggests that a greater number of smaller particles with less optical sensitivity were present. Strong surface winds generally resulted in smaller σs and a smaller contribution of fine particles to the total scattering extinction, but resulted in large Na, suggesting that strong surface winds transported more aerosols with small particle sizes and less optical sensitivity to the site. The large contribution of organics to small particle sizes was observed which decreased during the particle growth period. For low aerosol loading conditions, the liquid water path (LWP) and droplet effective radius (DER) significantly increase with increasing LTS, but for high aerosol loading conditions, LWP and DER changed little, indicating that aerosols significantly weaken the dependence of cloud development on LTS. The reduction in LWP and DER from low to high aerosol loading conditions was greater in stable environments, suggesing that clouds in a stable conditions are more influenced by aerosol perturbations than those in more unstable conditions. High aerosol loading weakened the increase in DER as LWP increased and strengthened the increase in COD with increasing LWP, resulting in the changes in the pattern of cloud properties each other. Under both continental and marine air-mass conditions, high aerosol loading can significantly made the shift in COD towards larger values, and in LWP and DER towards smaller values, and significantly narrowed the distribution of LWP and DER. Magnitudes of the FIE estimated under continental air-mass condition ranged from 0.07 ± 0.03 to 0.26 ± 0.09 with a mean value of 0.16 ± 0.03 and showed an increase trend as LWP increased. The calculated FIE values for aerosols with a low mass of organics dominated cases are larger than that for aerosols with a high mass of organics dominated cases, implying that clouds over regions dominated by aerosol particles containing mostly inorganics are more susceptible to aerosol perturbations, resulting in larger climate forcing, than clouds over regions dominated by aerosol particles containing mainly organics.
SO2 Layer Height retrieval from Sentinel-5 Precursor/TROPOMI using FP_ILM
Authors: Hedelt Pascal , Efremenko Dmitry S. , Loyola Diego G. , Spurr Robert , Clarisse Lieven
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Precise knowledge of the location and height of the volcanic SO2 plumes is essential for accurate determination of SO2 emitted by volcanic eruptions for aviation control applications, but so far very time-consuming to retrieve from UV satellite data. The SO2 height is furthermore one of the most critical parameters that determine the impact on the climate. We have developed an extremely fast yet accurate SO2 layer height retrieval algorithm using the Full-Physics Inverse Learning Machine (FP_ILM) algorithm, which, for the first time, is applied to TROPOMI aboard Sentinel-5 Precursor. In this work we demonstrate the ability of the FP_ILM algorithm to retrieve layer heights in near-real time applications with an accuracy of better than 2 km for SO2 total columns larger than 20 DU and show SO2 layer height results for selected volcanic eruptions.
Determination of n-alkanes, PAHs and hopanes in atmospheric aerosol: evaluation and comparison of thermal desorption GC-MS and solvent extraction GC-MS approaches
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang Ru-Jin , Cao Junji , Dai Wenting , Zhou Jiamao , Lin Chunshui , Ni Haiyan , Duan Jing , Wang Ting , Chen Yang , Li Yongjie , Chen Qi , Haddad Imad El , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) constitutes a large fraction of fine particulate matter (PM) in the urban air. However, the chemical nature and sources of OA are not well constrained. Quantitative analysis of OA is essential for understanding the sources and atmospheric evolution of fine PM, which requires accurate quantification of some organic compounds (e.g., markers). In this study, two analytical approaches, i.e., thermal desorption (TD) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and solvent extract (SE) GC-MS were evaluated for the determination of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and hopanes in ambient aerosol. For the SE approach, the recovery obtained is 89.3–101.5 %, the limits of detection (LOD) are 0.05–1.1 ng (1.5–33.9 ng m−3), repeatability is 3.5–14.5 % and reproducibility is 1.2–10.9 %. For the TD approach, the recovery is 57.2–109.8 %, the LODs are 0.1–1.9 ng (0.04–0.9 ng m−3), repeatability is 2.1–19.4 % and reproducibility is 1.1–12.9 %. Ambient aerosol samples were collected from Beijing, Chengdu, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, during the winter of 2013 and were analyzed by the two methods. After considering the recoveries, the two methods show a good agreement with a high correlation efficient (R2 > 0.98) and a slope close to unity. The concentrations of n-alkanes, PAHs, and hopanes are found to be much higher in Beijing than those in Chengdu, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, most likely due to emissions from coal combustion for wintertime heating in Beijing.
Objective extraction and analysis of statistical features of Dansgaard-Oeschger events
Authors: Lohmann Johannes , Ditlevsen Peter D.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The strongest mode of centennial to millennial climate variability in the paleoclimatic record are the Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles. Despite decades of research their dynamics and physical mechanism remain poorly understood. Valuable insights can be obtained by studying high-resolution Greenland ice core proxies, such as the NGRIP δ18O record. However, conventional statistical analysis is complicated by the high noise level, the cause of which is partly due to glaciological effects unrelated to climate, and which is furthermore changing over time. We remove the high-frequency noise and extract the most robust features of the DO cycles, such as rapid warming and interstadial cooling rates, by fitting a consistent piecewise-linear model to three Greenland ice core records. With statistical hypothesis tests we aim to obtain an empirical, mechanistic understanding of what controls the of amplitudes and durations of the DO cycles. To this end, we investigate distributions of and causalities in between different features, as well as modulations of them in time by external climate factors, such as CO2 and insolation. Our analysis suggests different mechanisms underlying warming and cooling transitions due to contrasting distributions and external influences of the stadial and interstadial durations, as well as the fact that the interstadial durations can be predicted to some degree by the linear cooling rates already shortly after interstadial onset.
Annual Dynamics of Global Land Cover and its Long-term Changes from 1982 to 2015
Authors: Liu Han , Gong Peng , Wang Jie , Clinton Nicholas , Bai Yuqi , Liang Shunlin
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Land cover (LC) is an important terrestrial variable and key information for understanding the interaction between human activities and global change. As the cause and result of global environmental change, land cover change (LCC) influences the global energy balance and biogeochemical cycles. Continuous and dynamic monitoring of global LC is urgently needed. Effective monitoring and comprehensive analysis of LCC at the global scale is rare. Using the latest version of GLASS (The Global Land Surface Satellite) CDRs (Climate Data Records) from 1982 to 2015, we built the first set of CDRs to record the annual dynamics of global land cover (GLASS-GLC) at 5 km resolution using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Compared to earlier global LC products, GLASS-GLC is characterized by high consistency, more detailed classes, and longer temporal coverage. The average overall accuracy is 85 %. We implemented a systematic uncertainty analysis at the global scale. In addition, we carried out a comprehensive spatiotemporal pattern analysis. Significant changes and patterns at various scales were found, including deforestation and agricultural land expansion in the tropics, afforestation and forest expansion in northern high latitudes, land degradation in Asian grassland and reclamation in northeast China, etc. A global quantitative analysis of human factors showed that the average human impact level in areas with significant LCC was about 25.49 %. The anthropogenic influence has a strong correlation with the noticeable Earth greening. Based on GLASS-GLC, we can conduct long-term LCC analysis, improve our understanding of global environmental change, and mitigate its negative impact. GLASS-GLC will be further applied in Earth system modeling in order to facilitate research on global carbon and water cycling, vegetation dynamics and climate change. The data set presented in this article is published in the Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898096. The data set includes 34 TIFF files and one instruction doc file.
Relevance and controls of preferential flow at the landscape scale
Authors: Demand Dominic , Blume Theresa , Weiler Markus
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The spatial and temporal controls of preferential flow (PF) during infiltration are still not fully understood. Soil moisture sensor networks give the possibility to measure infiltration response in high temporal and spatial resolution. Therefore, we used a large-scale sensor network with 135 soil moisture profiles distributed across a complex catchment. The experimental design covers three major geological regions (Slate, Marl, Sandstone) and two land covers (forest, grassland) in Luxembourg. We analyzed the responses of up to 353 rainfall events for every of the 135 soil moisture profiles. Non-sequential responses within the soil moisture depth-profiles were taken as an indication of PF. For sequential responses wetting front velocities were determined from the observations and compared with predictions by capillary flow. A measured wetting front velocity higher than the capillary prediction was also taken as a proxy for PF. We observed the highest fraction of non-sequential response (NSR) in forests on clay-rich soils (Slate, Marl). Furthermore, these two landscape units showed an increase of NSR with lower initial soil water content and higher maximum rainfall intensity. Wetting front velocities ranged from 6 cm day−1 to 80 640 cm day−1 with a median of 113 cm day−1 across all events and landscape units. The soils in the Marl geology had the highest flow velocities, independent of land cover, especially between 30 and 50 cm depth where the clay content increased. For Marl the median water content change was highest for the deepest soil moisture sensor (50 cm), whereas the other two geologies (Slate, Sandstone) showed a decrease of soil moisture change with depth. This confirms that clay content and vegetation strongly influence infiltration and reinforce preferential flow. Capillary-based soil water flow modelling was unable to predict the observed patterns. This demonstrates the danger of treating especially clay soils in the vadose zone as a low-conductivity layer, as the development of soil structure can dominate over the effect of low-conductive texture.
Envejecimiento (de tópicos) activo(s) en el cine español de las décadas del “bienestar”. La tercera edad en el cine español durante los gobiernos socialistas de finales del siglo XX.
Authors: Guarinos Galán Virginia
Published: February 2019

A partir de los años 80 del siglo XX se producen prejubilaciones masivas, consecuencia de la necesidad de reorganización de procesos productivos de empresas, y de la reducción de excedentes de plantilla. Por esas mismas fechas la legislación de los gobiernos socialistas (1982-1996) comienza a fraguar un incipiente y deseado “estado del bienestar”, donde los prejubilados jóvenes con poder adquisitivo aumentan en España; un sector de población con necesidades de ocio y ocupación. La ficción audiovisual fue consciente de ello, pero no de forma igualitaria. Mientras el storytelling publicitario y las series de televisión incorporaban personajes “maduros” o “envejecientes” en sus tramas, el cine quedó prácticamente ajeno a este nuevo perfil de consumidor de ocio audiovisual. Este trabajo analiza algunos de los títulos fílmicos de esa fecha, los perfiles de personajes referidos y su vinculación a la realidad social del momento con objeto de reflexionar sobre su construcción y funcionamiento en el relato fílmico.
Dificultades en la sanción de los delitos contra el medio ambiente en la normativa española
Authors: González Uriel Daniel
Published: February 2019

La preocupación medioambiental ha provocado que se den respuestas internas e  internacionales para hacer frente a los excesos contaminantes causados por los sistemas productivos, industriales y económicos, y por los modos de vida del hombre, que han originado daños al medio ambiente, en muchas ocasiones de carácter irreversible. Frente a esta situación ha surgido la convicción de la necesidad de proteger la naturaleza, con lo que los Estados y las Organizaciones Internacionales han tomado conciencia de la conveniencia de adoptar Convenios, Acuerdos, Tratados Internacionales, de cooperar en su salvaguarda y de adecuar sus legislaciones para proteger de una forma efectiva el entorno natural. En este trabajo se analiza la protección jurídica del medio ambiente desde una perspectiva global, valorando las implicaciones nacionales e internacionales. Se presta una atención especial a los delitos contra el medio ambiente tipificados en el Código Penal español y se exponen algunos aspectos problemáticos a la hora de enjuiciar tales conductas.
n. 6 - SOBRE LA POLÍTICA COMO CIENCIA. EDUCACIÓN, DESARROLLO LEGISLATIVO Y TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LAS SOCIEDADES CONTEMPORÁNEAS
Authors: Rubio Mayoral Juan Luis , Trigueros Gordillo Guadalupe
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad determinar los requisitos científicos que deben cumplir los estudios en Política y legislación educativa. Trata de contribuir a la resolución de los problemas de delimitación de objeto, concepto y método que como área de conocimiento tiene planteados y debe resolver. Para ello desarrolla un enfoque metodológico integrador aplicado a la investigación sobre el potencial transformador del sistema legislativo y el orden jurídico en materia de políticas en educación. Su objeto es analizar lo que han supuesto como parte de las políticas públicas para la transformación de las sociedades contemporáneas como mejora individual y colectiva al resolver en el plano normativo los temas más disputados como son los fines, modelos de sistema educativo y programas de acción.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Hypertension: 8-Year Prospective Findings From a Nationwide Thai Cohort Study
Authors: Thawornchaisit Prasutr , de Looze Ferdinandus , Reid Christopher M , Seubsman Sam-ang , Sleigh Adrian , Sakolchai Nipa
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: As Thailand modernizes an ensuing health risk transition associates with rising chronic non-communicable diseases, especially hypertension. This is a driving force for emerging vascular disease, especially stroke and hypertension. Studies in other countries have shown hypertension is associated with obesity. Longitudinal information is needed forthailand and here we present our cohort data collected over 8 years And recording incidence of hypertension and exposure to elevated abnormal BMI.

DESIGN & METHODS: BMI effects on incident hypertension were investigated prospectively in a nationwide Thai Cohort Study (TCS) from 2005 to 2013. Data were derived from 42 785 off-campus Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University students returning mail-based questionnaire surveys in both 2005 and 2013. Participants analysed were normotensive at the start (40 548). Multivariable regression estimated adjusted relative risks estimate linking obesity (measured by BMI) and hypertension (self-reported) among Thai men and women.

RESULTS: In Thailand from 2005 to 2013 the TCS 8-Year Incidence of hypertension was 5.1% (men 7.1%, women 3.6%), which meant 1958 participants developed hypertension. BMI was directly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Compared to participants with a normal BMI (18.5-22.9 Kg/M2), The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of developing hypertension with a BMI of ≤ 18.5.23.0–24.9, 25-29.9 and >30 Kg/m2 were 0.54 (0.3-0.97), 1.8(1.49-2.18), 3.27 (2.73-3.91) and 6.73 (5.1-8.97) for men and 0.65 (0.45-0.95), 2.28 (1.81-2.88), 3.71 (2.96-4.64) and 9.72 (7.09-13.32) for women respectively (p-trend <0.0001).

CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the adverse effects of long-term high bmi on an increased risk of hypertension in Thai people. Therefore, Ministry of Public Health should develop a national program to encourage people to remain healthy with a normal BMI. There are many health gains from such a program and the information presented here shows clearly that decreased hypertension would be one of the expected benefits for the Thai population.
Language Policy and Power in Out-of-Classroom EFL Contexts: The Case of English Departments in Saudi Arabian Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Almoaily Mohammad
Published: February 2019

Most of the research on language policies in educational institutions has hitherto focused on the creation, interpretation, or appropriation of language policies that govern language use in the classroom. Language policies, however, can be instantiated or implemented in out-of-classroom settings. Hence, the current study examines the impact of language policies, in terms of both beliefs and practices, as mechanisms of power in communication between staff members in official meetings taking place at higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia. An online survey taken by 208 members, in addition to semi-structured interviews with eight department chairpersons, revealed that the implementation of monolingual English language policies can minimize the proportion of engagement of staff members, who are less competent in English, in department council meetings, committee meetings, and other official meetings. The data also suggested that the majority of participants in the study believe that multilingual language policies (allowing the use of both Arabic and English) should be avoided in order to not exclude non-Arabic speaking staff members from participation in official dialogue. The study concludes with implications for language policy creation and implementation for out-of-classroom English use in EFL educational institutions.
Language Courses as Potential Indicators of Translation Performance: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Alenazi Oudah
Published: February 2019

Linguistic competence is a key factor in the preparation of translation students. Although translation competence encompasses linguistic competence, the interaction between the two calls for empirical exploration. This study examines whether students’ performance, particularly in language skills, can be a potential indicator of the quality of their translations. A total of forty-eight translation students from a college of languages and translation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were recruited to participate in the study. Students marks in previous language skills courses were statistically correlated with their marks in the final exam of a translation course. The results indicated a significant positive association between two language skills, namely grammar and reading, and students’ competence in translation. The writing skill, however, showed no significant impact on students’ performance in translation. This study has practical implications for students in translation programmes, teachers of language skills courses in these programmes, and those in charge of curriculum.
An Ethnographic Investigation of Code Switching and Mixing in Pakistan: A Case Study of Nine-Year Old Child, Alia
Authors: Bhatti Jahangir , Sartaj Shabana
Published: February 2019

Bilingualism has special designation in learning of language especially in countries where English is second or third language. Bilingualism sketches the concept of a speaker that either mixes or switches two or different codes while making an utterance. In that perspective, the present study is designed as an ethnographic research to validate the notion of bilingual action of speech turning in Pakistan. This case study of nine year old child named Alia has been conducted to formulate the situation of bilingualism in multilingual society of Pakistan. In that regard the researcher recorded the dialogues of a child while taking part in different roles. The speech of the child was later analyzed to investigate the influence of bilingualism on it. The two languages were focused Urdu and English with the little extent of Punjabi code. Various reasons were researched for finding out the basic factors that led to switch or mix codes within an utterance. The parents of a child Alia were also interviewed that led to find specific factors of their child to code switch and mixes. The factors include bilingual environment, partners, mother tongue, social interactions and medium of education in school.
Counter-Intentional Errors of Basketball Free Throw Shooting Under Elevated Pressure: An Educational Approach of Task Instruction
Authors: Gorgulu Recep
Published: February 2019

The aim of this experimental study was to test Wegner’s (1994) theory of ironic processes in a basketball free throw task under pressure. More specifically, Wegner (1994) predicts that when instructed not to perform in a certain manner performers’ performance will break down where it is least desired way which is the main hypothesis of the current study. More specifically, it was hypothesized that when basketball players were instructed “not to throw the ball’’ into the certain zone on the backboard would decrease their performance in ironic fashion especially under manipulated high-anxiety condition. The sample of the present study comprised 37 male (Mage=22.30, SD=2.89) experienced university basketball players. Participants’ anxiety was measured using MRF-3 (Krane, 1994). In a basketball free-throw task; the numbers of targets, non-target non-ironic balls and ironic error balls were counted and overall performance was also calculated in order to measure participants’ performance. Based on the scoring system, participants gained +5 points for throwing into the target, scored -5 points making an ironic error and 0 points for throwing the ball to anywhere (except the target and non-target ironic error zone) on the backboard. Results revealed that when instructed not to throw in a certain zone, performers’ overall performance changed in ironic fashion across anxiety conditions. Findings suggest that understanding the mechanism of ironic processes of mental control theory may be a useful theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport, physical education and motor control studies.
Numerical and Experimental Study of a Novel Valve Using the Return Stream Energy to Adjust the Speed of a Hydraulic Actuator
Authors: Filo Grzegorz , Lisowski Edward , Kwiatkowski Dominik , Rajda Janusz
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the possibility of increasing the speed of movement of a single-sided hydraulic cylinder piston rod using a fluid stream from the return line. Directing the return stream back to the supply line instead of the fluid reservoir causes significant increase in the inflow rate to the actuator. This situation may arise when the piston rod of the cylinder is not fully loaded on part of the movement range. As part of this work, we proposed a solution in the form of a novel control valve, consisting of a throttle valve and a differential valve controlled by the pressure difference between the supply line and the return line. A geometric model was created using SolidWorks, then a simulation model was made in Matlab/Simulink. Next, simulations were carried out to prove that the use of the return fluid stream gives a possibility of a significant increase in the piston rod speed. The results of the numerical analyses were verified on a test bench where the valve prototype was tested. Speed characteristics of the piston rod against both payload force and throttle valve setting were determined. High convergence with the simulation results was obtained. It has also been confirmed that the proposed solution can be advantageous in practical applications.
Hydroxyapatite/Silver Nanoparticles Powders as Antimicrobial Agent for Bone Replacements
Authors: Sobczak-Kupiec Agnieszka , Malina Dagmara , Kijkowska Regina , Florkiewicz Wioletta , Pluta Klaudia , Wzorek Zbigniew
Published: February 2019

This paper reports a superficial morphological modification of the hydroxyapatite grains obtained by in situ deposition of Ag nanoparticles on natural origin calcium phosphate powder. Ceramic material was prepared in three stage bone treatment, including hydrolysis with a lactic acid, pre-calcination, and proper calcination. Subsequently, the Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction of Ag+ by sodium borohydride in a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and in presence of hydroxyapatite. Such-prepared materials were investigated with X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Furthermore, Ca/P molar ratio was calculated and microbiological tests were performed to investigate materials antimicrobial activity. The appearance of Ag nanoparticles located on phosphate surface was confirmed by SEM analysis, and no chemical bonding with hydroxyapatite was recorded by IR and XRD techniques. Additionally, the biological assessment revealed bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while slightly affected on Enterococcus faecalis viability.
A formação docente continuada para as relações étnico-raciais no Rio de Janeiro: a experiência do programa de estudo sobre o negro na sociedade brasileira (PENESB/UFF)
Authors: De Souza Vitor Leandro , Da Silva Tiago Dionísio , De Mattos Tatiane Pacheco
Published: February 2019

Após 15 anos da aprovação da Lei nº 10.639/2003, sobre a obrigatoriedade do ensino da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira, percebemos inúmeros entraves para sua implantação dentre eles a formação docente. Neste texto refletimos sobre os marcos legais que tangem a formação continuada, desaguando posteriormente na Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e, por fim, nas experiências teórico-metodológica do curso de especialização em Educação e Relações Raciais do PENESB/UFF. Tal experiência se mostra original e dife-renciada frente aos demais cursos existentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, pois além de ter como objetivo central a intervenção e transformação da realidade a partir do chão da sala de aula, também leva em consideração os fatores que impedem aos professores da Educa-ção Básica investirem em seus estudos.
Plano Nacional de Educação: diversos olhares, de Andréia Nunes Militão e Fabio Perboni
Authors: Do Nascimento Sueli , De Queiroz Welcianne Iris
Published: February 2019

Resenha.
Dos livros, da leitura, da literatura, Entrevista com o professor Clóvis Da Rolt
Authors: Maria Haddad Baptista Ana , Fusaro Marcia
Published: February 2019

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Da Educação e da Literatura
Authors: Maria Haddad Baptista Ana , Fusaro Márcia
Published: February 2019

Editorial.
Escola e interculturalidade: elementos para pensar a diversidade no currículo
Authors: Marques Luciana Pacheco , Meireles Gabriela Silveira
Published: February 2019

O objetivo é pensar que a interculturalidade, enquanto mecanismo entre diferentes culturas, tornou-se uma perspectiva de se pensar a educação na sua globalidade. A perspectiva da interculturalidade contraria o discurso etnocêntrico, evidenciando as contradições nas práticas curriculares explícitas e implícitas, operando uma “rachadura” no sistema escolar e educacional, levando os/as profissionais que nele estão envolvidos/as a uma reflexão que propõe à necessidade de mudança e de desconstrução. Cabe-nos reconhecer que a complexidade dos enunciados denuncia a necessidade do enfrentamento das relações dominantes de poder na escola, visando torná-la um lugar de encontro, de aproximação e de articulação das diferenças, a partir da incorporação das relações interculturais e da promoção do diálogo entre os padrões culturais existentes e suas múltiplas significações. Torna-se um desafio à construção de uma nova relação com o currículo entendido como processo de construção social.
Formação de professores universitários: novos paradigmas epistemológicos, outras práticas
Authors: Ramos Evódio Mauricio Oliveira , Sabino de Farias Isabel Maria
Published: February 2019

O artigo analisa uma experiência formativa realizada em uma universidade pública baiana, apontando algumas contribuições pedagógicas dessa formação na prática dos docentes participantes. O grupo pesquisado foi constituído por 06 professores da referida universidade que participaram da formação pedagógica e o professor formador. O procedimento de coleta e produção de dados adotado foi a entrevista individual semiestruturada e o método de análise escolhido, a Análise Temática de Bardin (1977), tendo como categorias teóricas: identidade docente, profissionalização e modelos de formação pedagógica. Tomando como referência a abordagem qualitativa de cunho descritivo e com base nos achados da pesquisa, conclui-se que: a formação se constituiu como um fórum de reflexão, espaço dialógico que possibilitou ao docente universitário a ampliação de sua capacidade de ver, sentir, pensar, planejar, agir e avaliar sua ação pedagógica, dado o acesso propiciado a um novo paradigma epistêmico e metodológico, pautado na dialogicidade, criticidade, contextualidade e protagonismo dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo. As ações desenvolvidas na experiência formativa geraram mudanças significativas no uso de estratégias inovadoras de ensino, no processo de aprendizagem e de avaliação e na concepção epistemológica dos participantes, o que denota a relevância da formação pedagógica para a docência universitária, bem como a necessidade urgente de políticas institucionais de formação continuada para docentes que atuam no ensino superior.
A expansão da educação superior privada no Brasil por meio do FIES
Authors: Pereira Tarcísio Luiz , Brito Silvia Helena Andrade
Published: February 2019

Este artigo objetiva discutir como o financiamento do governo federal foi importante tanto para a expansão quanto para o crescimento dos grupos empresariais de educação superior privada no Brasil, entre a segunda metade dos anos 1990 à primeira década do século XXI. Para tal, apresenta dados de pesquisa acerca das ações gerenciais tomadas por uma instituição privada, a União das Instituições Educacionais do Estado de São Paulo (UNIESP), que tinha em 2013 cerca de 77,0% dos seus 130 mil alunos utilizando o Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior (FIES), conforme dados publicados pela Revista Isto É Dinheiro (n. 815, 29 maio 2013). Analisa-se como as ações do governo federal, por meio do fundo público, vêm respondendo às demandas do setor privatista, e como este transforma a formação do indivíduo em mercadoria, que deve ser disponibilizada por meio de variadas formas, ampliando assim o acesso, por um lado, e também realizando seus lucros, por outro, como forma de consolidar os grandes grupos empresariais do setor.
Bolsa Permanência na UFMS: novas configurações e velhos desafios
Authors: Gimenez Felipe Vieira , Maciel Carina Elisabeth
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos estudantes sobre a ação “Bolsa Permanência” na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, campus Campo Grande, como estratégia para favorecer a permanência nos cursos de graduação presencial. O presente texto é resultado de pesquisa realizada em rede e produto de dissertação já defendida, por meio do qual buscamos o desvelamento do real, intrínseco nas práticas sociais e na materialização das políticas educacionais. A pesquisa é de caráter exploratório e tem natureza bibliográfica e documental, apresentando como fontes relatórios e documentos institucionais do MEC e da UFMS para o período 2013, 2014 e 2015. Os resultados indicam que a bolsa permanência, vinculada à política de assistência estudantil na UFMS, constituiu estratégia política que favorece, mas não garante, a permanência dos estudantes no campus universitário por meio de bolsas e auxílios financeiros concedidos no âmbito da ação Bolsa Permanência.
A educação superior em Santa Catarina: um século de história (1917-2017)
Authors: De Bastiani Sherlon Cristina , Trevisol Joviles Vitório , Pegoraro Ludimar
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre o processo de expansão/interiorização da educação superior em Santa Catarina. É um estudo que visa analisar a evolução da educação superior catarinense a partir de especificidades (contextos e realidades) locais e regionais.  A escolha está associada ao fato de o estado ter completado, em 2017, cem anos de implantação dos primeiros cursos superiores. A investigação foi desenvolvida por métodos e técnicas quantitativos e qualitativos. A pesquisa bibliográfica, se deu, sobretudo, com base em Cunha (2007), Saviani (2007, 2010), Romanelli (1989), Freitag (1980),  Muniz (2006), Sampaio (2000),  Pegoraro (2006, 2013), e Gumbowsky (2004). Já, a busca por dados quantitativos se deu, sobretudo, nas bases do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). A pesquisa revela que a expansão em SC se deu por meio das fundações educacionais de direito privado. O modelo fundacional foi hegemônico até os anos 2000, momento em que passa a ocorrer a expansão de IES públicas e de privadas com fins lucrativos. Do total de 94 instituições em 2015, 88% eram privadas com e sem fins lucrativos. A graduação a distância tem se expandido com altas taxas de crescimento, contudo, as matrículas em cursos presenciais de graduação ainda representam, em 2015, 72% do universo de estudantes catarinenses.