bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a self-management intervention for stroke survivors with aphasia using co-production and behaviour change theory: An outline of methods and processes
Authors: Wray Faye , Clarke David , Cruice Madeline , Forster Anne
Published: November 2021

Background

Self-management is a promising approach to improve quality of life after stroke. However, evidence for the appropriateness and effectiveness of self-management for stroke survivors with aphasia is limited. This article reports on the process used to develop a supported self-management intervention for stroke survivors with aphasia (SSWA) using co-production and behaviour change theory. Preparatory research included systematic reviews, and qualitative interviews and focus groups with SSWA, family members and speech and language therapists (SLTs).

Materials and methods

We conducted six, 2 hour long intervention development workshops with key stakeholders. The workshops were informed by principles of co-production and the intervention development process outlined by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). We also incorporated the findings of our preparatory research within workshops. Each workshop included an introduction, 1–2 co-production tasks and time for feedback at the end of the session. Data were analysed on an ongoing basis so that findings could be used to feed in to subsequent workshops and intervention development.

Results

Workshop participants (n = 12) included; SSWA (n = 5), family members (n = 3) and SLTs (n = 4). Together, participants engaged with accessible and participatory co-production tasks which aligned with the BCW framework. Participants engaged in discussion to define self-management in behavioural terms (behavioural diagnosis) and to identify what needed to change to support self-management. Participant’s co-produced solutions for supporting self-management and discussed options to implement these in practice. Prototype materials were generated by the research team and evaluated by participants. Intervention functions and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were mapped to the solutions generated by participants by the research team, after the final workshop. A supported self-management intervention for SSWA was developed which will be delivered by SLTs through community stroke services.

Conclusions

This paper reports the process we used to integrate co-production work with behaviour change theory to develop a complex self-management intervention. This is of relevance for researchers looking to harness the strengths of co-production methods and theory in intervention design. Future research will feasibility test the supported self-management intervention developed. This paper provides transparency to our intervention development process which will help others to better interpret the findings of our feasibility work.
Variations in greenhouse gas emissions of individual diets: Associations between the greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient intake in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rippin Holly L. , Cade Janet E. , Berrang-Ford Lea , Benton Tim G. , Hancock Neil , Greenwood Darren C.
Published: November 2021

Background

Food production accounts for 30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Less environmentally sustainable diets are also often more processed, energy-dense and nutrient-poor. To date, the environmental impact of diets have mostly been based on a limited number of broad food groups.

Objectives

We link GHG emissions to over 3000 foods, assessing associations between individuals’ GHG emissions, their nutrient requirements and their demographic characteristics. We also identify additional information required in dietary assessment to generate more accurate environmental impact data for individual-level diets.

Methods

GHG emissions of individual foods, including process stages prior to retail, were added to the UK Composition Of Foods Integrated Dataset (COFID) composition tables and linked to automated online dietary assessment for 212 adults over three 24-hour periods. Variations in GHG emissions were explored by dietary pattern, demographic characteristics and World Health Organization Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs).

Results

GHG emissions estimates were linked to 98% (n = 3233) of food items. Meat explained 32% of diet-related GHG emissions; 15% from drinks; 14% from dairy; and 8% from cakes, biscuits and confectionery. Non-vegetarian diets had GHG emissions 59% (95% CI 18%, 115%) higher than vegetarian. Men had 41% (20%, 64%) higher GHG emissions than women. Individuals meeting RNIs for saturated fats, carbohydrates and sodium had lower GHG emissions compared to those exceeding the RNI.

Discussion

Policies encouraging sustainable diets should focus on plant-based diets. Substituting tea, coffee and alcohol with more sustainable alternatives, whilst reducing less nutritious sweet snacks, presents further opportunities. Healthier diets had lower GHG emissions, demonstrating consistency between planetary and personal health. Further detail could be gained from incorporating brand, production methods, post-retail emissions, country of origin, and additional environmental impact indicators.
Clean vs dirty labels: Transparency and authenticity of the labels of Ceylon cinnamon
Authors: De Silva Devarahandhi Achini Melda , Jeewanthi Renda Kankanamge Chaturika , Rajapaksha Rajapakshage Heshani Navoda , Weddagala Weddagala Mudiyanselage Tharaka Bilindu , Hirotsu Naoki , Shimizu Bun-ichi , Munasinghe Munasinghe Arachchige Jagath Priyantha
Published: November 2021

Ceylon cinnamon, which was regarded as a luxury spice during ancient times, has been consumed for its medicinal properties and health benefits for thousands of years. For centuries, Arabian traders controlled the European cinnamon trade through limited supplies from a country which they did not reveal. Content marketing analysis and chemical profiling of value-added products of Ceylon cinnamon in the global marketplace are proposed to investigate the clean status of the product labels. In the present study, a mixed-method approach was employed to investigate the labels of 6 types of value-added forms of cinnamon; i.e. quills, powder, tea, breakfast cereals, confectionery and bakery and nutraceuticals which are used in USA, UK, Mexico, Japan and products of Sri Lankan cinnamon exporters. Two hundred and seventy-six labels were analyzed to find out the aspects of clean status, transparency and authenticity. Key label claims of the cinnamon products lie within the bounds of cleaner, healthy, nutritional and sustainable attributes. Consumer perception lies within ingredients, nutritional value, country of origin and claim on safety and quality standards and certification. The value chain transparency, ethical rules (species mislabeling), and chemical profile of the pharmaceutical, confectionery and fragrance industry inputs were ignored. The best claim and competitive advantage of the Ceylon cinnamon; an ultra-low level (<0.01 mg/g Dry Weight) of Coumarin, were rarely indicated in labels. Lack of clean labels and traceability lagged Ceylon cinnamon in the 40 international markets while Cassia cinnamon (Coumarin content 2.23 mg/g DW), a major competitor of Ceylon cinnamon appears in the market with dirty labels. Millennials and upper-middle-class female consumers in their active ages, place a high demand on Ceylon cinnamon. Today’s tech-savvy global consumers of Ceylon cinnamon use market intelligence frequently for identifying product authenticity. Well equipped clean labels were found to be demanded by the modern cinnamon consumers.
THE HARVARD AUTOMATED PHONE TASK: NEW PERFORMANCE-BASED ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING TESTS FOR EARLY ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Marshall G.A. , Dekhtyar M. , Bruno J.M. , Jethwani K. , Amariglio R.E. , Johnson K.A. , Sperling R.A. , Rentz D.M.
Published: November 2021

Background: Impairment in activities of daily living is a major burden for Alzheimer’s disease dementia patients and caregivers. Multiple subjective scales and a few performance-based instruments have been validated and proven to be reliable in measuring instrumental activities of daily living in Alzheimer’s disease dementia but less so in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: To validate the Harvard Automated Phone Task, a new performance-based activities of daily living test for early Alzheimer’s disease, which assesses high level tasks that challenge seniors in daily life. Design: In a cross-sectional study, the Harvard Automated Phone Task was associated with demographics and cognitive measures through univariate and multivariate analyses; ability to discriminate across diagnostic groups was assessed; test-retest reliability with the same and alternate versions was assessed in a subset of participants; and the relationship with regional cortical thickness was assessed in a subset of participants. Setting: Academic clinical research center. Participants: One hundred and eighty two participants were recruited from the community (127 clinically normal elderly and 45 young normal participants) and memory disorders clinics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital (10 participants with mild cognitive impairment). Measurements: As part of the Harvard Automated Phone Task, participants navigated an interactive voice response system to refill a prescription (APT-Script), select a new primary care physician (APT-PCP), and make a bank account transfer and payment (APT-Bank). The 3 tasks were scored based on time, errors, and repetitions from which composite z-scores were derived, as well as a separate report of correct completion of the task. Results: We found that the Harvard Automated Phone Task discriminated well between diagnostic groups (APT-Script: p=0.002; APT-PCP: p<0.001; APT-Bank: p=0.02), had an incremental level of difficulty, and had excellent test-retest reliability (Cronbach’s α values of 0.81 to 0.87). Within the clinically normal elderly, there were significant associations in multivariate models between performance on the Harvard Automated Phone Task and executive function (APT-PCP: p<0.001), processing speed (APT-Script: p=0.005), and regional cortical atrophy (APT-PCP: p=0.001; no significant association with APT-Script) independent of hearing acuity, motor speed, age, race, education, and premorbid intelligence. Conclusions: Our initial experience with the Harvard Automated Phone Task, which consists of ecologically valid, easily-administered measures of daily activities, suggests that these tasks could be useful for screening and tracking the earliest functional alterations in preclinical and early prodromal AD.
A COMBINED MEASURE OF COGNITION AND FUNCTION FOR CLINICAL TRIALS: THE INTEGRATED ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RATING SCALE (IADRS)
Authors: Wessels A.M. , Siemers E.R. , Yu P. , Andersen S.W. , Holdridge K.C. , Sims J.R. , Sundell K. , Stern Y. , Rentz D.M. , Dubois B. , Jones R.W. , Cummings J. , Aisen P.S.
Published: November 2021

It is generally recognized that more sensitive instruments for the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are needed. The integrated Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (iADRS) combines scores from 2 widely accepted measures, the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study – instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-iADL). Disease progression and treatment differences as measured by the iADRS were analyzed using data from solanezumab EXPEDITION, EXPEDITION2, and EXPEDITION-EXT Studies; semagacestat IDENTITY Study; and donepezil ADCS – mild cognitive impairment (ADCS-MCI) Study. Psychometric properties of the iADRS were established through principal component analysis (PCA) and estimation of contributions of subscores and individual item scores to the iADRS total score. The iADRS performed better than most composites and scales in detecting disease progression and comparably or better than individual scales in detecting treatment differences. PCA demonstrated the iADRS can be divided into two principal components primarily representing cognitive items and instrumental ADLs. Dynamic ranges of the subscales were similar across all studies, reflecting approximately equal contributions from both subscales to the iADRS total score. In item analyses, every item contributed to the total score, with varying strength of contributions by item and across data sets. The iADRS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and was effective in capturing disease progression from MCI through moderate AD and treatment effects across the early disease spectrum. These findings suggest the iADRS can be used in studies of mixed populations, ensuring sensitivity to treatment effects as subjects progress during studies of putative disease-modifying agents.
CONVERSAS DA ESCOLUNIVERSIDADESCOLA POR MEIO DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM INGLÊS
Authors: Morais Gleison Araujo , Andrade Mariana Rosa Mastrella de
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é discutir e problematizar as relações desenvolvidas em uma disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado em Inglês para a formação de professores(as) no cenário de ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia da Covid-19, no ano de 2020. Para tanto, baseamo-nos em perspectivas da decolonialidade (GROSFOGUEL, 2010; SANTOS, 2010), a fim de discutir criticamente questões como a separação entre teoria e prática (MATEUS, 2009), a relação escola e universidade (BORELLI, 2018) e o papel da língua inglesa na escola (JORGE, 2009). Em nossas discussões problematizamos a importância da escola pública na formação docente e apontamos como o estágio em questão, em parceria e colaboração com a escola, promoveu ressignificações em três aspectos: nas relações com a própria escola pública, com as professoras da escola e com a língua inglesa. Essas discussões reforçam a relevância da presença do estágio na escola e da escola no estágio, sobre o que, concordando com Sussekind; Coube (2020), ressaltamos como escoluniversidadescola.
POLÍTICAS CURRICULARES NO CONTEXTO DA PRÁTICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Silva Paulo de Tássio Borges da , Moura Ana Paula da Purificação de , Luz Rafael Reis da
Published: November 2021

O ano letivo da rede estadual de ensino do estado da Bahia iniciou em 10 de fevereiro de 2020. E como todo início de ano letivo, começou com planejamento inicial, jornada pedagógica, calendário, proposta de trabalho, projetos e, para algumas escolas, tentativas de tradução e interpretação do Novo Ensino Médio e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Não havia, portanto, no âmbito do planejamento do ano letivo, previsão de que teríamos uma ruptura tão drástica com a chegada do vírus Sars-Cov-19 ao Brasil. Diante do cenário de pandemia pelo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), que provocou a necessidade de afastamento social e consequente fechamento das escolas, esse artigo objetiva identificar as políticas curriculares fomentadas no contexto da prática pelo Complexo Integrado de Educação de Itamaraju (CIEI) ao longo do período de pandemia. Na análise, estamos operando teórico e metodologicamente a partir do Ciclo de Políticas, especificamente com o contexto da prática. Também fazemos uso da netnografia, a etnoprintgrafia e questionários com professores(as) e estudantes na produção dos dados. A partir das atividades realizadas pelo CIEI, observamos que as escolas públicas têm construído políticas curriculares no contexto da prática, viabilizando processos pedagógicos com os(as) estudantes, estabelecendo diferentes canais de comunicação. Essas atividades, que vem sendo construídas pelo CIEI, mostram o compromisso das escolas públicas com o ensino e os(as) estudantes nesses tempos de pandemia. Compromisso realizado diante de desafios, como falta de equipamentos tecnológicos, formação continuada para o ensino remoto, entre outros. Há que se dizer ainda, que professoras(es) têm se reinventado constantemente na construção de propostas que produzam conhecimentos e políticas de acolhimento.
COTIDIANO ESCOLAR E PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Peixoto Leonardo Ferreira , Vieira Rafael dos Santos
Published: November 2021

O ano de 2020 será marcado mundialmente pela pandemia de Covid-19, que até o final do primeiro semestre de 2021 já vitimou mais de 500 mil vidas. A partir de 16/03/2020 as aulas presenciais foram suspensas nas redes públicas e privadas em todo o estado do Amazonas e na maioria dos estados brasileiros. Nesse contexto, muitas foram e são as alternativas apresentadas e há muitos discursos em torno da continuidade ou não das atividades escolares. Passado mais de um ano de pandemia, algumas redes de ensino já experimentam o retorno presencial das atividades com número reduzido de estudantes e outras estratégias para tentar manter a saúde e segurança da comunidade escolar. No estado do Amazonas, a rede pública já retornou com as aulas presenciais, ignorando o aumento vertiginoso dos casos no estado e no país. O objetivo principal da pesquisa que desenvolvemos foi buscar narrativas de professoras e professores sobre os impactos da Covid-19 nos cotidianos das escolas públicas de Tabatinga-AM. Como também somos professor e estudante, tecemos nossas vivências juntamente com a de um interlocutor professor da rede municipal de ensino pesquisada. Neste texto, buscamos trazer nossas narrativas e identificamos as alternativas curriculares criadas por nós, professores e estudantes.
90 ANOS DO QUILOMBO PORTÃO DO GELO
Authors: Leão Maria Sandra Montenegro Silva , Silva Auxiliadora Maria Martins da
Published: November 2021

Este artigo é o resultado de um trabalho de extensão, realizado no quilombo do Portão do Gelo, através do qual surgiram experiências transformativas que colocaram em destaque a importância cultural, política e educativa deste espaço. Através de diversas atividades, tornou-se possível compreender a força que o quilombo desenvolve para sobreviver, assim como a relevância da resistência de seus membros contra o racismo estrutural, institucional e religioso, empreendendo ações pela valorização da cultura negra. A atividade dialogou com a perspectiva teórica decolonial. O campo metodológico se amparou na sociopoética, o que permite vivenciar a pesquisa compreendendo o todo e as partes enquanto construção coletiva de conhecimentos e saberes. O resultado das produções mostra o impacto e o fortalecimento da educação social, presentes no interior do quilombo. Nesse sentido, argumentamos a necessidade do diálogo permanente entre universidades públicas com espaços sociais e culturais diferentes da cultura acadêmica, mas que não deixam de construir complexas e inteligentes percepções de mundo e de vida.
Japanese and English Students Perspective on Social Media
Authors: Alfarisy Fitri
Published: November 2021

Social media has created new possibilities for digitally native students to engage, interact and collaborate in learning tasks that foster learning processes and the overall learning experience. By using both qualitative and quantitative data, this article discusses the perspectives of Japanese and English students towards social media. As we know, foreign language learning is facilitated by social media and especially for a new generation of students. This paper contributes to an understanding of how language learners’ perspectives on social media. 52 English students and 18 Japanese students participate in the research as the sample. We found that most of the students aware of the benefit of social media for learning languages. Furthermore, the study showed that both English and Japanese students preferred to use English or Indonesian languages to do social media activities such as posting, writing a caption, or commenting than local language or Japanese language. Therefore, Japanese and English students should improve their awareness of social media for language learners.
Makna Verba Bahasa Jepang “Tsukuru” Dan Bahasa Indonesia “Membuat”
Authors: Trahutami Sri Wahyu Istana
Published: November 2021

(Verb Means "to make" in Japanese and Indonesian). The number of Japanese vocabularies which is much more than Indonesian often causes problems when learning Japanese. One of the difficulties that are often faced is understanding the meaning and finding its equivalent in Indonesian. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the meaning of the verb tsukuru in Japanese, and the verb to make in Indonesian while looking for similarities and differences in the meanings of the two verbs. Research data was obtained from articles and websites. The qualitative descriptive method was used to analyze the data of Japanese and Indonesian sentences, followed by analyzing the similarities and differences in their meanings through comparisons (contrastive). Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that both verbs function as predicates intransitive sentences. Both are also polysemy with the basic meaning of creating objects or things that did not exist before, using the abilities possessed by the maker. While the difference is, the verb to make in Indonesian also has the meaning of causing. Meanwhile, in Japanese, the verb tsukuru means not only to make but also to maintain, to care for, to educate. In addition, there are three different letters for the verb tsukuru, each of which has a different pair of objects
Citraan Dalam Lirik Lagu Polaris Karya Aimer
Authors: Hastuti Nur
Published: November 2021

Song lyrics are a pitched arrangement/sequence of words, song lyrics are not as easy as composing an essay, but can be obtained from various inspirations. And broadly, song lyrics are a person's expression of something he has seen, heard or experienced. In expressing his experience, the poet or songwriter performs a play on words and language to create attraction and uniqueness to the lyrics or poetry. An image or image is a word or arrangement of words that can express sensory experiences, such as seeing, hearing, and feeling. Images can make the reader feel as if they see, hear, and feel what the poet experienced. Based on this, the author wants to examine the Polaris song to find out what images / images are in the lyrics of the song
Refleksi Isu Sosial Di Jepang Dalam Empat Karya Fiksi: Hiyama Kentarou No Ninshin, Sanju Mariko, Sensei No Kaban, Dan Death Sweeper
Authors: Mulyadi Budi , Tamarlin Margie Yusifa , Wisesa Umar Bayu
Published: November 2021

This study examines how Japanese social issues are portrayed in four fiction works in the form of manga and novels:”Hiyama Kentarou no Ninshin”,”Sanju Mariko”, “Sensei no Kaban”, and “Death Sweeper”. Using qualitative methods by conducting descriptive analysis method to describe how social ties and community weakening in Japan in the scope of Shoushikoureika and Kodoku issues are portrayed in the said works. The findings of this study are the followings: 1) Hiyama Kentarou no Ninshin portrayed the dilemma faced by women and men in child-bearing and child-rearing activities. 2) Sanju Mariko portrayed the vigor of Japanese elders and their struggle to find a place in society. 3) Sensei no Kaban portrayed the changes of Japanese narrowing social structure. 4) Death sweeper portrayed lonely death as the effect of Kodoku. As a reflection of reality, fiction works could also serve as a cross-cultural study by examining the phenomenon explained inside the works through the eyes of the writers and characters.
RAMPO NOIR : Proses Alih Wahana Cerpen “Kagami Jikoku” Karya Edogawa Rampo
Authors: Rahmah Yuliani , Meinati Dwi
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan pada cerpem Kagami Jikoku,sebuah cerpen terkenal yang ditulis oleh Edogawa Rampou. Setelah dilakukan penelitian terhadap struktur cerpen tersebut, penelitian lanjutan dilakukan untuk menganalisis proses-proses alih wahana yang terjadi dari cerpen Kagami Jigoku ke dalam  film Rampo Noir. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif analisis proses alih wahana dilakukan pada unsur pembangun ceritanya. Sebagai hasilnya diketahui bahwa proses ekranisasi yang terjadi pada cerpen ke dalam film mencakup seluruh perubahan yang meliputi perubahan bervariasi, penambahan, dan penciutan.  Unsur-unsur pembangun cerita yang mengalami seluruh proses ekranisasi adalah unsur tokoh, latar, dan alur. Unsur tokoh dan alur mengalami seluruh proses ekranisasi sementara unsur latar hanya mengalami proses penambahan dan perubahan bervariasi tanpa adanya penciutan. Dari proses tersebut diketahui pula bahwa pendekatan adaptasi yang digunakan dalam proses alih wahana ini adalah loose, karena meskipun cerita pada kedua media tersebut berbeda karena mengalami penyesuaian tetapi ide cerita dari cerita aslinya tetap dijaga.
The Use Of "Minato" As A Character Learning Self-Study Application And Its Effects: An Introduction To Beginner Japanese Language Learners At Indonesian Higher Education Institution
Authors: Okamoto Taku , Ratna Maharani Patria , Trahutami Sriwahyu Istana
Published: November 2021

Self-learning atau pembelajaran mandiri merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang menjawab tantangan pembelajaran pada era pembelajaran jarak jauh yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah karena pandemic Covid-19. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan efektifitas penggunaan Minato sebagai media self-learning pada pembelajar pemula bahasa Jepang di Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro, Sebagai media pembelajaran, Minato memiliki beberapa kelas yang dapat diambil untuk pembelajaran bahasa Jepang dasar secara mandiri, diantaranya adalah pembelajaran mandiri hiragana dan katakana, dialek, dan kanji. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei yang digunakan sebagai media untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Minato. Sebelum melaksanakan pembelajaran self-learning, mahasiswa diminta untuk mengisi survei dan pretest. Setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan Minato, pembelajar kembali mengisi survei dan posttest. Hasil survei dan tes akan digunakan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Minato. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Minato sangat efektif untuk pembelajaran mandiri. Hal tersebut disimpulkan berdasarkan angket yang disebar kepada mahasiswa, sertifikat elektronik mahasiswa, serta pendapat pengajar.
Impact of habitat variability on growth dynamics of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. along an altitudinal gradient in Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Magray Junaid A , Zargar Shabir A , Islam Tajamul , Nawchoo Irshad A
Published: November 2021

Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. is an important medicinal plant of the Himalayan region. Phenotypic attributes of a particular plant species varies along different altitudes in order to adapt and to overcome the changeable and stressful conditions. A number of environmental factors such as mean temperature, precipitation, soil characteristics, radiation intensity etc. changes with altitudinal gradient and thereby affect the morphological pattern of a plant species. The present study was undertaken to reveal the impact of the elevational gradient and habitat variability on the morphological features of the selected species. Under different environmental conditions the species exhibited enormous variability in its phenotypic traits. The plants were shorter at high altitude site, Gulmarg while the plants of low altitude site, Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG) were taller and more vigorous. A significant decrease in the plant height, inflorescence length, leaf length, leaf breadth and petiole length occurred with increasing altitude. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the habitat of KUBG and Ferozpora (Tangmarg) proved relatively better for the growth of B. ciliata. The regression analysis revealed positive correlation between plant height and traits like inflorescence length, leaf length, leaf number and thus predicting a direct impact of plant height on other traits. Our findings present a comprehensive account on the variability of phenotypic characteristics, in relation to the environmental conditions of this valuable medicinal plant species.
Development of a CFD-based simulation model and optimization of thermal diffusion column: application on noble gas separation
Authors: Eghbalahmadi Hamed , Khadiv-Parsi Parissa , Mousavian Seyed Mohammad Ali , Eghbal Ahmadi Mohammad Hosein
Published: November 2021

In this study, numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the separation of the helium-argon gas mixture by thermal diffusion column. This research determined the significant parameters and their effects on the process performance. Effects of feed flow rate, cut ratio, and hot wire temperature in a 950 mm height column with an inner tube of 9.5 mm radius were examined through the simulation of the thermal diffusion column. For minimizing the number of simulations and obtaining the optimum operating conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Analysis of separative work unit (SWU) values as a target function for helium-argon separation clearly showed that the maximum amount of SWU in thermal diffusion column was achieved, when hot wire temperature increased as large as technically possible, and the feed rate and cut ratio were equal to 55 Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute (SCCM) and 0.44, respectively. Finally, the SWU value in optimum conditions was compared with the experimental data. Results illustrated that the experimental data were in good agreement with simulation data with an accuracy of about 90%.
Pedestrian fatality risk as a function of tram impact speed
Authors: Gaca Stanislaw , Franek Lukasz
Published: November 2021

The objective of the presented research-work was to develop a model to describe the risk of fatal accident involving tram and pedestrian. This study extends research concerning relationships between the “impact speed” and probability of pedestrian death in case of tram accident. Over 400 “tram-pedestrian” accidents were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used in these studies. The main objective of the research is to compare the risk of fatal accidents when pedestrians are struck by passenger cars and trams. GPS system from trams is used to analyze correlation between the tram speed and different conditions along the public transport stop areas (e.g. traffic signals, priority, and platforms localization). The results show that the fatal risk of hitting pedestrians by a tram running at a speed of 50 km/h is two and a half times greater than that by a car. Research clearly proves that comparing to car impact speed, there is much higher probability of death when pedestrian is hit by a tram running at a speed of 30 km/h – almost 40% (compared to 5% when hit by car). There are even cases of deaths with a very low speed of tram (5–10 km/h).
A pair of rational double sequences
Authors: Altynbek Serik , Begehr Heinrich
Published: November 2021

Double sequences appear in a natural way in cases of iteratively given sequences if the iteration allows to determine besides the successors from the predecessors also the predecessors from their followers.
A particular pair of double sequences is considered which appears in a parqueting-reflection process of the complex plane.
While one end of each sequence is a natural number sequence, the other consists of rational numbers.
The natural numbers sequences are not yet listed in OEIS Wiki.
Complex versions from the double sequences are provided.
“Some people work a bit more than me, and so we tease them”: the production of an elite student community in an elite French higher education institution
Authors: Birolini Christophe
Published: November 2021

This article presents the results of an ethnographic study of student humor in a French elite higher education institution, specifically how students in the student community use the termpolard. The data was collected between 2014 and 2018 in one of France’s most prestigious elite higher education institution. There are two main ways this term is used as humor, indirectly mocking students, notably those outside the student community, a practice that constructs thepolardas a foil figure of a student who spends all their time doing schoolwork and refrains from participating in extracurricular activities, and teasing friends and acquaintances in interactions following a devalued behavior, seeming over-concerned with studies. Furthermore, there exist interactional scripts students can use to successfully navigate these teasing interactions without losing face. Finally, this humor is discussed in relation to the elite setting, as it is linked to the social closure of these elite higher education institutions, and it contributes to the production of an elite student community, by socializing students to privileged self-presentations characterized by ease and by creating distinctions between students, separating the truly elite students from the others.
Analysis of beta globin gene mutations in Diyarbakir
Authors: Tekeş Selahaddin , Oral Diclehan , Söker Murat , Şimşek Selda , Uzel Veysiye Hülya , Çürük Mehmet Akif
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Hemoglobin disorders are quite heterogeneous in the Turkish population. Up to now, more than forty different beta thalassemia mutations and 60 hemoglobin variants have been characterized in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic heterogeneity of HBB gene mutations in patients and their parents at Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey.

Methods

Genomic DNA was isolated from 145 thalassemic patients’ blood samples and their parents in this study. Ten different HBB gene mutations HBB:c.-80T>A, HBB:c.17_18delCT, HBB:c.25_26delAA, HBB:c.92+1G>A, HBB:c.92+5G>C, HBB:c.92+6T>C, HBB:c.93-21G>A, HBB:c.135delC, HBB:c.315+1G>A, HBB:c.316-106C>G were screened by amplification refractory mutation system. Four Hb variants and some rare beta thalassemia mutation were characterized by DNA sequencing.

Results

In this study, 97 homozygous and 48 compound heterozygous thalassemic patients were diagnosed by molecular genetic analyses. As a results, 18 β-thalassemia mutations and four abnormal hemoglobins; HBB:c.20A>T, HBB:c.364G>C, HBB:c.34G>A and HBB:c.208G>A were detected at Dicle University Hospital.

Conclusions

In the results, HBB:c.93-21G>A is the most common mutation in the region. Three mutations [(HBB:c.93-21G>A), (HBB:c.25_26delAA) and (HBB:c.135delC)] account for about 58 per cent of all the point mutations. Except HBB:c.20A>T and HBB:c.364G>C, two silent Hb variants (HBB:c.34G>A and HBB:c.208G>A) were detected in this study. Hb Hamilton [β11 (GTT>ATT) Val>Ile] was seen first time in Turkey.
The Excerpt Tablets of Šumma ālu: Reconstructing Tablets 80 to 95
Authors: Boddy Kaira , Huber Vulliet Fabienne , Mittermayer Catherine
Published: November 2021

Our knowledge about the omen series šumma ālu ina mēlê šakin has much advanced since the first manuscripts were edited. Even though the overall structure of Šumma ālu is generally well established, the final third of the series still poses considerable problems. In this article we will present a new reconstruction for the sequence from Tablet 80 to 95. As colophons with catchlines and Tablet numbers are scarce for this part of the series, we have developed a new method for the reconstruction mainly relying on clusters of excerpt tablets originating from Nineveh.
Comparisons of Countermovement Jump Force-Time Characteristics Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Athletes: Use of Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Merrigan Justin J. , Rentz Lauren E. , Hornsby William Guy , Wagle John P. , Stone Jason D. , Smith Holden T. , Galster Scott M. , Joseph Michael , Hagen Joshua A.
Published: November 2021

Merrigan, JJ, Rentz, LE, Hornsby, WG, Wagle, JP, Stone, JD, Smith, HT, Galster, SM, Joseph, M, and Hagen, JA. Comparisons of countermovement jump force-time characteristics among NCAA Division I American football athletes: use of principal component analysis. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 411–419, 2022—This study aimed to reduce the dimensionality of countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time characteristics and evaluate differences among positional groups (skills, hybrid, linemen, and specialists) within National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division I American football. Eighty-two football athletes performed 2 maximal effort, no arm-swing, CMJs on force plates. The average absolute and relative (e.g., power/body mass) metrics were analyzed using analysis of variance and principal component analysis procedures (p < 0.05). Linemen had the heaviest body mass and produced greater absolute forces than hybrid and skills but had lower propulsive abilities demonstrated by longer propulsive phase durations and greater eccentric to concentric mean force ratios. Skills and hybrid produced the most relative concentric and eccentric forces and power, as well as modified reactive strength indexes (RSIMOD). Skills (46.7 ± 4.6 cm) achieved the highest jump height compared with hybrid (42.8 ± 5.5 cm), specialists (38.7 ± 4.0 cm), and linemen (34.1 ± 5.3 cm). Four principal components explained 89.5% of the variance in force-time metrics. Dimensions were described as the (a) explosive transferability to concentric power (RSIMOD, concentric power, and eccentric to concentric forces) (b) powerful eccentric loading (eccentric power and velocity), (c) countermovement strategy (depth and duration), and (d) jump height and power. The many positional differences in CMJ force-time characteristics may inform strength and conditioning program designs tailored to each position and identify important explanatory metrics to routinely monitor by position. The overwhelming number of force-time metrics to select from may be reduced using principal component analysis methods, although practitioners should still consider the various metric's applicability and reliability.
Macro photography with Lighsheet Illumination Enables Whole Expanded Brain Imaging with Single-cell Resolution
Authors:   Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Lee Chia-Ming , Tian Xuejiao ,   Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,   Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Tsao Chieh ,   Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Chen Peilin ,   Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Huang Tzyy-Nan ,   Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Hsueh Yi-Ping ,   Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Chen Bi-Chang ,   Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,   Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan,   Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
Published: November 2021

Macro photography allows direct visualization of the enlarged whole mouse brain by a combination of lightsheet illumination and expansion microscopy with single-cell resolution. Taking advantage of the long working distance of a camera lens, we imaged a 3.7 cm thick, transparent, fluorescently-labeled expanded brain. In order to improve 3D sectioning capability, we used lightsheet excitation confined as the depth of field of the camera lens. Using 4x sample expansion and 5x optical magnification, macro photography enables imaging of expanded whole mouse brain with an effective resolution of 300 nm, which provides the subcellular structural information at the organ level.
Information technology-based joint preoperative assessment, risk stratification and its impact on patient management, perioperative outcome, and cost
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Karim Habib Md Reazaul , Singha Subrata Kumar ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Neema Praveen Kumar ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Baruah Tridip Dutta ,   Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Ray Rubik ,   Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Mohanty Debajyoti ,   Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Siddiqui Md Sabah ,   Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Nanda Rachita ,   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, Bodhey Narendra Kuber ,   5Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
Published: November 2021

Background: Despite negative recommendations, routine preoperative testing practice is nearly universal. Our aim is to bring the healthcare providers on one platform by using information-technology based preanaesthetic assessment and evaluate the routine preoperative testing’s impact on patient outcome and cost. Methods: A prospective, non-randomised study was conducted in a teaching hospital during January 2019-August 2020. A locally developed software and cloud-computing were used as a tool to modify preanaesthesia evaluation. The number of investigations ordered, time taken, cost incurred, were compared with the routine practice. Further data were matched as per surgical invasiveness and the patient's physical status. Appropriate tests compared intergroup differences and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data from 114 patients (58 in routine and 56 in patient and surgery specific) were analysed. Patient and surgery specific investigation led to a reduction in the investigations by 80-90%, hospital visit by 50%, and the total cost by 80%, without increasing the day of surgery cancellation or complications. Conclusion: Information technology-based joint preoperative assessment and risk stratification are feasible through locally developed software with minimal cost. It helps in applying patient and surgery specific investigation, reducing the number of tests, hospital visit, and cost, without adversely affecting the perioperative outcome. The application of the modified method will help in cost-effective, yet quality and safe perioperative healthcare delivery. It will also benefit the public from both service and economic perspective.
Factors affecting enterprise level green innovation efficiency in the digital economy era – Evidence from listed paper enterprises in China
Authors: He Zhengxia , Lu Wenqi , Hua Guihong , Wang Jianming
Published: November 2021

The Guidelines on Building a Market-Oriented Green Technology Innovation System, which was released by China in 2019, has become a powerful signal to guide the development of green technology innovation (GTI). In the current digital strategy of China, the public media has become a key factor for promoting the transparency of enterprise environmental information. This paper measures the GTI efficiency of the listed paper enterprises in China as well as incorporating media attention into the research framework to explore the influencing factors of GTI of the listed paper enterprises in China during the digital economy era. The results showed that a positive media report had a positive impact on GTI and has become a new driving factor in promoting sustainable production in the digital era. Government support and openness also have a positive impact on GTI. However, negative media reports, environmental regulations, and technological innovation abilities have an inhibitory effect on the GTI efficiency of paper making enterprises.
Influence of hot pressing technological parameters on plywood bending properties
Authors: Spulle Uldis , Meija Anete , Kūliņš Laimonis , Kopeika Evija , Liepa Kārlis H. , Šillers Haralds , Zudrags Kaspars
Published: November 2021

Different types of wood are used to manufacture of various wood products. In direct production processes, additional resources such as energy, adhesives, labor, etc. are also used. In line with sustainable environmental policies, all resources must be used more rationally, while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of the direct production processes. This research examined whether it is possible to reduce energy and labor resources in the technological process of hot pressing of birch plywood (nominal thickness 9 mm), by varying the holding time under pressure, pressure, and adhesive consumption. The Box-Behnken experimental design for a multifactor experiment was used to investigate the influence of technological parameters of plywood pressing. The highest strength in static bending both parallel and perpendicular to the plywood grain was achieved by pressing plywood with the following gluing parameters: highest pressing pressure, 3.2 MPa; minimal holding time under pressure, 9 minutes; and average phenol-formaldehyde adhesive consumption 150 grams per square meter.
Influence of pH and ionic strength on the aggregation behaviors of xylan rich hemicelluloses with alkaline lignins
Authors: Hu Guichun , Hu Jinguang , Chen Honglei , Song Shunxi , Chu Fuqiang
Published: November 2021

The evolution of xylan-rich hemicelluloses (XH) aggregation behaviors in the presence of alkaline lignins (AL) under a wide range of pH values and NaCl concentration were investigated via dynamic light scattering and turbidity measurements. XH isolated from wheat straw contain a xylose backbone with arabinose side chains and a small amount of phenol groups. XH tend to aggregate in solution due to their low ratio of arabinose to xylose and hydrophobic phenol groups. AL interact with XH through the phenol groups bonded to the hemicellulose main chain to form an AL-XH complex. As the pH value decreases, the particle size and turbidity of AL, XH and their bonded complex all increase. The size of the AL-XH complex agglomerate is greater than the size of a XH at the same pH value, which indicates that the self-assembly of lignin molecules initiate the aggregation of XH. The particle size and turbidity of XH and AL-XH complexes increase as the XH concentration increase. At low pH values, e.g., 6.0, the particle size of the AL-XH complex more obviously increases compared to the XH particles. The size and turbidity of the AL, XH, and AL-XH complex agglomerates increased as the NaCl concentration increased.
Thermal yellowing of hornbeam chemi-mechanical pulps bleached with hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite
Authors: Vaysi Ramin , Ebadi Seyed Eshagh
Published: November 2021

The thermal yellowing of hornbeam chemi-mechanical pulps (CMP) after bleaching with ‎hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite was investigated. The hornbeam chips were randomly chosen ‎from Mazandaran wood and paper industries. The CMP pulps prepared with 85% yield were separately ‎bleached with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), without DTPA, and hydrogen ‎peroxide. Some pulps were bleached with sodium ‎dithionite. The optical ‎properties of prepared hand-sheets of 60 g/m2 after spraying with 0.5% DTPA were measured using TAPPI standard methods. All prepared papers were thermally aged ‎separately in an oven at 105 °C for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 h. The optical properties, such as brightness, ‎yellowness, coefficient of absorption, k/s ratio, post ‎color (PC) number, and a* factor, before and after ‎thermal aging were measured. The results showed that from 0 to 40 h, the optical properties ‎of paper increased except brightness and ‎greenness. ‎This increase was more extensive up to 15 h. Additionally, among the various treatments, DTPA treatment in long-term thermal aging and the use of ‎sodium ‎dithionite and hydrogen peroxide in the short-term aging had noticeable effects on brightness ‎‎durability and decrease in the color reversion. Thus, there was an increase in the durability of the paper ‎against thermal deterioration.