bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Apigenin Obtained by Portulaca oleracea L in ‎Male Mice
Authors: K. Fahd Ahmed , Saliem Ali
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of ‎‎apigenin, obtained from Portulaca oleracea L., using a male mouse model‎. A total of 56 ‎healthy BLAB/c albino male mice (Mus musculus) were used in two experiments. In the first experiment‎, ‎the xylene-induced ear edema, 28 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=7). ‎The negative control group received distilled water, while the positive control, apigenin-‎treated, and indomethacin-treated groups were exposed to xylene (0.03 mL applied to ‎the anterior and posterior surface of the right ear lobe) to induce inflammation. ‎Subsequently, the apigenin-treated group received orally 50 mg/kg BW apigenin, and ‎the indomethacin-treated group received orally 0.36 mg/kg BW indomethacin.‎ Ear weight ‎difference was calculated as an indicator ‎of anti-inflammatory. For the second experiment, the carrageenan-induced paw edema‎, a ‎similar experimental design was followed, but carrageenan (50 ‎mg/kg BW of 1% solution) ‎was ‎administered intra-dermally‎ in the right hindpaws.‎ Paw skin thickness difference ‎and differential white blood ‎cells (WBCs) count, along with the ‎quantification of prostaglandin E-2 ‎‎(PGE-2) and ‎interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum samples, were used as indicators of anti-inflammatory.‎ Results showed that xylene exposure led ‎to a significant ear weight increase, ‎indicative of ‎inflammation. Conversely, the ‎apigenin-treated group demonstrated a ‎reduction in ear ‎weight compared to the positive control group. Similarly, carrageenan ‎administration resulted ‎in a substantial ‎increase in paw skin thickness and elevated levels of ‎WBCs count, PGE-2, ‎and IL-6. ‎Apigenin treatment significantly mitigated these ‎inflammatory markers, ‎‎outperforming indomethacin in PGE-2 ‎and IL-6‎. This study provides evidence supporting the potential ‎of P. oleracea-derived ‎apigenin as an effective anti-inflammatory agent, showing ‎comparable or better ‎efficacy ‎than indomethacin‎‎‎‎‎.
HÜSEYİN ADEM TÜLÜCE. TAŞKÖPRÜLÜZÂDE’NİN VARLIK VE BİLGİ ANLAYIŞI. ANKARA: İLÂHİYÂT YAYINLARI, 2023, 290 SAYFA.
Authors: Tunagöz Tuna
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada, Hüseyin Adem Tülüce tarafından kalem alınan Taşköprülüzâde’nin Varlık ve Bilgi Anlayışı adlı kitap incelenmiştir. Kitap, Osmanlı düşünce tarihinin en önemli siması Taşköprülüzâde Ahmed Efendi’nin ilmî hayatının ele alındığı “Giriş” ile “Varlık” ve “Bilgi” anlayışının incelendiği iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Müellifin külliyatının tamamına yayılan incelemenin ikincil literatürdeki önemli bir boşluğu doldurduğunu söylemek mümkündür.
LAW-LANGUAGE: THE CHALLENGE OF THE CAVEAT ‘WHENEVER REASONABLY PRACTICABLE’ IN LANGUAGE POLICIES
Authors: Montle Malesela , Kekana Tebogo Johannes
Published: June 2024

The challenge of escape clauses in various policies has been a longstanding issue for policy scholars worldwide. This challenge is also prevalent in South African institutions, particularly in their language policies. This article reports on the findings of a desk-based investigation into the escape clause "whenever practicable" as found in various language policies. A textual analysis of language policies from specifically selected institutions was conducted. The research argues that language planning agencies in these institutions have inadvertently or deliberately included escape clauses as a mechanism to allow for flexibility in case of difficulties in implementing certain provisions of the policies. Data were collected from the language policies of seven universities and three government departments using convenient sampling. Discourse analysis was employed to analyze the data, focusing on the linguistic meaning of the selected extracts containing escape clauses. The analysis revealed several key findings: the language policies examined confirmed the presence of various escape clauses expressed in different ways; these escape clauses contribute to the lack of implementation of these language policies; and the absence of non-compliance clauses also contributes to the lack of implementation. The findings clearly indicate that escape clauses are a critical pivot around which the escape mechanisms in these selected language policies revolve. Therefore, we argue that the use of escape clauses should be limited and highly regulated.
MEANING RELATION OF HYPONYM IN BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE
Authors: Rezeki Tri Indah , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: June 2024

In semantic relations, hyponymy is a relationship where a more specialized word (the hyponym) can be categorized under a more general or generic term (the hypernym). Understanding hyponymy helps elucidate how words and phrases relate to each other in terms of meaning, allowing for the classification of concepts and objects based on their specificity or generality. This research aimed to describe the hyponymic meaning relations found in Batak Toba songs and to explain the types of hyponyms used, particularly in these songs. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research method. The data comprised Batak Toba song lyrics sourced from a YouTube video uploaded on April 23, 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtSRkD9WyPU), containing fourteen songs that featured hyponymic relations. Data collection involved listening and note-taking techniques, while data analysis was guided by the theory of hyponymy proposed by Croft and Cruse. The analysis identified ten hyponymic words within the song lyrics. The study concluded that Batak Toba songs utilize hyponymic meaning relations, demonstrating how specific terms are subsumed under more general categories.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRONUNCIATION SEGMENTATION OF ALVEODENTAL PHONEME [tˤ] IN STUDENT READING TEST
Authors: Ghani Yanfa Rizal , Al Farisi Mohamad Zaka , Maulani Hikmah
Published: June 2024

This study examines the segmentation and pronunciation accuracy of the alveodental phoneme thāʾ [tˤ] in Arabic based on students' reading tests. By employing a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis design, the research seeks to obtain detailed descriptive data in the form of words and images. The Praat application is used to measure sound frequency from various sound sources, ensuring precise and comprehensive analysis. The results indicate that students face significant challenges in correctly pronouncing the phoneme [tˤ], with frequent articulation errors. These pronunciation difficulties are attributed to several factors, including the phonetic differences between the students' native languages and Arabic, the inherent complexity of Arabic phonemes, and the influence of various dialects or accents the students may possess. This study highlights the critical need for a thorough understanding of phoneme properties and emphasizes the importance of consistent practice to improve pronunciation accuracy of [tˤ]. By addressing these issues, educators can better support students in mastering Arabic pronunciation, ultimately enhancing their overall language proficiency. The findings of this research contribute to the broader field of phonetics and language education, offering valuable insights for language teachers and learners alike.
INDICATORS OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY IN THE KARATE KID MOVIE (2010): PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad , Prastiwi Yeny
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to identify and analyze the indicators of multiple intelligence theory as depicted in the movie The Karate Kid (2010). The researchers employed a documentation method for data collection and applied Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, proposed in 1983, to validate their findings. To introduce innovative approaches for enriching educational materials, the study also reviewed previous research on multiple intelligence theory. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative methodology, the research thoroughly examined the movie’s content. The results indicated that six out of Gardner's nine intelligence indicators were illustrated in various scenes: spatial (visual) intelligence, musical (audio) intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence. These findings underscore the diverse ways in which multiple intelligences can be represented and recognized within cinematic narratives, providing a valuable framework for educational and psychological applications. The research highlights the potential of films like The Karate Kid as effective tools for demonstrating and teaching the principles of multiple intelligences, thereby enriching educational practices and supporting holistic development.
VARIETIES OF NEOLOGISM USED IN ONLINE GAMING CONVERSATION
Authors: Matiini Gharizi
Published: June 2024

Neologism, a term used in linguistics, refers to the creation and definition of new lexical items with new meanings. It is frequently employed in specialized contexts, necessitating the development of new language forms. This study aims to investigate neologisms emerging from gaming language and identify the types that predominantly occur during gameplay. Given that online gaming became a popular pastime during the pandemic, observing the new language arising from in-game chat boxes is particularly intriguing. The study includes conversations from three participants playing three different online games, collected over one day of gameplay. The findings reveal that abbreviations, acronyms, and repurposed standard English terms are prevalent forms of neologisms in gaming language. Abbreviations like "CC" and standard English terms such as "skin" and "clean" are among the most frequently mentioned by players. Interestingly, despite the conversations being in three different languages, the neologisms primarily appear in English.
MULTILINGUAL COMMUNICATION IN K-POP: A TRANSLANGUAGING EXPLORATION OF WAYV'S YOUTUBE CONTENT
Authors: Alifa Andina Rahma , Degaf Agwin
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the phenomenon of translanguaging among the multilingual members of the K-pop group WayV, focusing on their YouTube content, "The Summer Talk." Translanguaging, characterized by the seamless incorporation of multiple languages into a single interaction, is an emerging global cultural phenomenon in the K-pop industry. The main objective of this research is to systematically record and examine the forms and reasons for translanguaging observed among WayV members in their YouTube content. This study employs descriptive qualitative research and content analysis, using a documentary technique to collect and analyze WayV's YouTube videos. This approach allows for an authentic analysis of the group's language use, including linguistic preferences and communicative methods. The findings reveal that translanguaging accounts for 35% of the WayV video content, with 50% of its use dedicated to explaining certain topics. Referential speech is the most common, making up 49% of the videos. Future research should explore how fans perceive translanguaging and its influence on cultural identity development.
THE POLICY OF USING ENGLISH FOR TEACHING IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC SCHOOLS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Widayani Gwi , Budianto Lestari , Damayanti Elis
Published: June 2024

Implementing English as a mandatory language for teaching remains a contentious policy, especially among educators who are not English subject teachers or do not come from the English department. This research investigates the policies, opportunities, and challenges associated with enforcing English language policies in Islamic schools in Indonesia. Using a mixed-method design, the study surveyed 77 participants from various Islamic schools across Indonesia, employing questionnaires, observations, and interviews for data collection. The findings reveal that specific policies in Indonesian Islamic schools can address three key aspects: justification (addressing particular needs and challenges while maximizing benefits and minimizing drawbacks), logic (strategic implementation to optimize outcomes), and feasibility (practicality and achievability of implementing English language policies). Furthermore, English language policies present significant opportunities, such as enhanced global competence, economic empowerment, educational advancement, cultural exchange and understanding, technological integration, and international collaboration and partnerships. However, several challenges hinder the implementation of these policies, including the preservation of cultural identity and values, resource constraints, language proficiency, resistance to change, and assessment and evaluation. Future research is expected to explore new strategies to overcome these challenges and maximize the opportunities of using English in Indonesian Islamic schools, thereby ensuring the success of English language policies.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IN NO LONGER HUMAN (2019) MOVIE: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
Authors: Setyo Fakhry Tri , Nugroho Abdillah
Published: June 2024

This study explores Osamu Dazai's defense mechanisms as depicted in the film adaptation of No Longer Human (2019) from a psychoanalytic perspective, drawing on Sigmund Freud's theoretical framework. The narrative follows the protagonist's tumultuous journey, highlighting his struggles with identity, alienation, and social conformity. Using Freud's psychoanalytic concepts, including defense mechanisms such as denial, projection, displacement, sublimation, reaction formation, undoing, and isolation, this study examines the protagonist's psychological responses to trauma and guilt. Employing Miles and Huberman’s method of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, the research conducts a close analysis of character behavior, dialogue, and symbolism. The film's depiction of these defense mechanisms offers profound insights into the human psyche and its coping strategies in the face of internal and external conflict. By integrating Freudian theory with cinematic interpretation, this study aims to elucidate the intricacies of Dazai's defense mechanisms and provide a deeper understanding of the complexity of human psychology as portrayed in the film.
EXPLORING LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE IN ACADEMIC TEXT TRANSLATION BY PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Ningrum Dwi Kurnia Surya , Sofyan Rudy , Saragih Erikson
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore linguistic competence in academic text translation by professionals, focusing on their awareness, dominant linguistic competence and strategies, and the impact of Machine Translation (MT) and AI-driven software on their workflow. The research utilized the PACTE TC’s model (2003), which includes pragmatic, sociolinguistic, textual, grammatical, and lexical sub-competences. A qualitative research design by Creswell Creswell (2018) with a descriptive method was employed to delve deeply into the subjective experiences of professional translators.  The surveys were conducted via Google Form from March to April 2024. The results indicate that the respondents demonstrated high awareness of linguistic competence, particularly in pragmatic, sociolinguistic, textual, grammatical, and lexical aspects. Respondents identified linguistic challenges such as lexical, textual, and sociolinguistic issues. Strategies to overcome these challenges included using online resources, human checks, and continuous learning. The results also show varied attitudes towards MT and AI, with some translators embracing these tools for efficiency and others preferred manual methods. MT and AI were perceived to enhance translation quality, especially in grammar accuracy and efficiency. However, the study’s limitations highlight the need for future research on the effectiveness of different MT and AI tools, balancing technological assistance with human expertise, and the impact of training programs.
TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN STARTUP GUIDE SONY XPERIA C5 ULTRA DUAL SMARTPHONE
Authors: Siregar Nurmaliana Sari
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to identify the translation procedures employed in the startup guide for the Sony Xperia C5 Ultra Dual Smartphone from English to Indonesian. The ata were collected from the guide and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on established translation procedures. Translation theory categorizes these procedures into seven types: borrowing, calque, literal, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. The studies revealed that five of these procedures—literal, adaptation, borrowing, transposition, and modulation—were used in the translation process. The results showed that literal translation was the most frequently applied method, with 19 out of 48 items translated in this way. Adaptation translation accounted for 12 items, while borrowing and transposition were each applied to 8 items. Modulation was the least utilized procedure, appearing in only 1 item. This analysis highlights the predominance of literal and adaptation methods in translating technical documents, emphasizing the importance of accurate and contextually appropriate translations in user guides for electronic devices.
Could the Next Platform be the Transformational Platform and Tourism? A Platform Based Expansion Model in the Context of Global Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Akıncı Zeki , Yurcu Gülseren , Bahtiyar Sarı Dilara , Himmetoğlu Ayşe
Published: June 2024

After the Second World War, the tourism industry started to turn into a global phenomenon with the development of the economy and globalization since 1950. The restoration of peace and stability in most of the post-war world, emergence of a strong middle class as a result of global financing and economic support, increased tendency to travel, use of idle large-capacity warplanes for civilian purposes are among the important factors ensuring the development and expansion of tourism. Moreover, decrease in long-distance transportation and travel costs, as well as technological development made significant contributions to facilitating access to larger markets, wider geographies, and destinations. In terms of sustainable tourism from 1950 to 2020, the global tourism activity, which caused problems due to conscious and / or unconsciously implemented tourism policies, led to an uncontrollable tourism mobility and geographical expansion with an increasing momentum. In the context of sustainable tourism, this model first analyzes the platform-based model and the geographical expansion model separately, and then synthesizes both models as a mixed model. In addition, this model deals with the development and change processes of global tourism, which is affected by positive and negative developments, and proposes a transformational tourism platform model that provides significant contributions to both the demand side (tourists) and the supply side (tourism industry).
Home, Office or Hybrid? Which is the Ideal Working Model for Software Developers?
Authors: Tortumlu Muhammet , Uzunbacak Hasan Hüseyin
Published: June 2024

The main aim of this research is to examine the impacts of the radical changes in work model choice brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic on the emotions and attitudes of employees. The study group consists of 113 software developers who have returned to working from the office after Covid-19, 163 who continue to work from home, and 131 who are hybrid working from home. As a result of the research, it was seen that there were significant differences in the levels of job-related affective well-being, loneliness at work and leader member exchange between home-based, office-based and hybrid employees. Job related affective well-being and leader member exchange were found to be higher in hybrid employees compared to those working from home and office, and loneliness at work was found to be lower. There was no significant difference between the study groups in the levels of coworker exchange. Due to the current nature of the research findings, they have been discussed within the framework of limited studies in the field literature.
Application Area and Scope of the Principle of Social Risk
Authors: Agahabaleı Fanıd Nemetullah
Published: June 2024

The administration can only be subjected to financial liability due to its nature and structure as a legal entity. As a requirement of the rule of law principle, the compensation of damages arising from the execution of public services by the administration is evaluated within the theory of "service fault". However, the financial liability of the administration is not limited to service fault. As a requirement of the social state principle, in addition to the principle of balancing the sacrifice, there is also the strict liability of the administration based on the principle of danger or risk. If the administration causes damage while engaging in dangerous activities or using hazardous vehicles, it is held liable even in the absence of fault. Nonetheless, the characteristic that distinguishes social risk liability from the principle of strict liability is that the causal link between the damage and the administrative activity is not sought. The social risk principle ensures that the administration is held strictly liable for damages caused by actions of anarchy and terrorism that disrupt public order.
Analisis Perbandingan User Experience Aplikasi E-Commerce Shopee Dan Tokopedia Menggunakan Metode User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Authors: Ulhaq Dhiya , Masa Amin Padmo Azam , Setyadi Hario Jati
Published: June 2024

E-Commerce Merupakan Sebuah toko digital dimana di dalamnya terdapat penjual dan pembeli tanpa harus bertemu satu sama lain. E-Commerce didefinisikan sebagai segala bentuk transaksi komersial atau perdagangan barang dan jasa dengan menggunakan sarana elektronik. Berdasarkan penjabaran di atas, pada penelitian ini yang di uji ialah Shopee dan Tokopedia antara masing masing aplikasi dan perbandingan keduanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalalah untuk untuk membandingkan UX para pengguna dari ke dua aplikasi e-commerce Shopee dan Tokopedia dengan menggunakan User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Populasi penelitian ini adalah pengguna aplikasi e-commerce Shopee dan Tokopedia dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Analisis Data dilakukan dengan menggunakan UEQ Data Analysis Tool. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ditemukan bahwa semua aspek-aspek mendapatkan nilai evaluasi positif pada semua aspek yang di mana diketahui bahwa skala stimulation pada Shopee dengan nilai (mean 1,45) mendapatkan nilai good (bagus). Untuk skala attractiveness (mean 1,55), perspicuity (mean 1,66), efficiency (mean 1,39),  dependability (mean 1,38), dan novelty (mean 0,92) mendapatkan nilai above average (diatas rata- rata). Sementara pada Tokopedia skala efficiency (mean 1,53) dan stimulation (mean 1,43) mendapatkan nilai good (bagus). Untuk Skala attractiveness (mean 1,53), perspicuity (mean 1,68), dependability (mean 1,43), dan novelty (mean 1,05) mendapatkan nilai above average (diatas rata- rata).
Reliability of Nonlinear least square broken stick model in quantifying the effects of temperature and photoperiod on flowering of pigeonpea genotypes (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)
Authors: Mahendraraj Sabampillai , Collins Marisa , Chauhan Yash , Mellor Vincent , Rachaputi Rao C.N
Published: June 2024

Temperature and photoperiod are two major environmental determinants that affect the flowering time. The information on the effect of temperature and photoperiod on flowering response in pigeonpea is limited and needs updating for new genotypes. The present study aimed to assess the reliability of the Nonlinear least square broken stick model to quantify photothermal effects in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes. Data at 50 % flowering (FL) from pot, field, and temperature-controlled glasshouse experiments under eight sowing dates were analysed using regression models to describe the individual effect of temperature and photoperiod and photothermal models to quantify the combined effect. The critical photoperiod (Pce)and optimum temperature (To)predicted by the Nonlinear broken stick model for 50 % FL ranged from 12.4 - 13.4 h and 21.0 - 23.5 °C, respectively. The higher Pce reported for extra-early flowering genotype (QPL 1001) indicates that their insensitiveness to a range of photoperiod regimes compared to QPL 941 and ICP 14425 (medium duration). Further, the results also revealed that the time to 50 % FL of genotype QPL 1001 was strongly sensitive to the temperature at sub-optimal range (T < To), with warmer temperatures accelerating reproductive development. In contrast, QPL941 and ICP 14425 were sensitive to supra-optimal temperature (T > To), with flowering being delayed in warmer temperatures. The parameters (To and Pce) derived from Nonlinear least square broken stick model can be used as a proxy to identify photoperiod insensitivity in pigeopea genotypes.
Antimicrobial activity with special reference to antimycobacterial activity of the coral, Junceella delicata (Grasshoff,1999) collected from Madh island, West coast of Mumbai, India
Authors: Borate Meenakshi Prakash , Zodape G.V.
Published: June 2024

The world now needs new antimicrobial drugs because many infections are resistant to existing treatments. Many microbial infections pose a significant global health challenge and a critical need for new, effective treatment. Soft corals are being explored for their potential as sources of new antimicrobial drugs. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antimycobacterial properties of the crude extract of coral Junceella delicata, collected from Madh island, Mumbai. The crude extract was prepared by adding an equal volume of methanol: dichloromethane (1:1) for 24 hours in the water bath at 45 ⁰C. The sample was filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 1 and was subjected to concentrate in a rotary vacuum evaporator at 45⁰ C.  Further, antimycobacterial drugs viz. Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, and Streptomycin were used to compare the activity with crude extract of the coral. It was observed that Coral J. delicata extract showed a zone of inhibition against all the bacterial strains viz., Klebsiella pneumonia (15 mm), Escherichia coli (15 mm), Salmonella typhi (14 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (09 mm), Sarcina lutea (15 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (12 mm), Corynebacterium diphtheria (27 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm), whereas antifungal activity was observed in Penicillium sp.(10 mm), Candida albicans (14 mm) and no activity was observed in Aspergillus sp. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain showed sensitivity at (25µg/ml of coral extract, nearly close to the standard antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (3.2µg/ml). The above results indicated that the crude extract of J. delicata had antibacterial activity nearly against the standard antituberculosis drug Pyrazinamide.The study suggests the crude extract of coral J. delicata can be used as an antimicrobial agent to cure different diseases, including tuberculosis.
Partial purification and characterization of bacteriocin from novel Brevibacillus borstelensis sp. isolated from Donkey’s lactation
Authors: Kumari Ankur , Sharma Parvati , Bhardwaj Anuradha , Pal Yash
Published: June 2024

The heightened awareness of ensuring enhanced safety standards is growing in order pertaining to the avoidance of chemical food preservation. Concurrently, there is a discernible increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among foodborne pathogens, which engenders infections such as food poisoning, gastro-intestinal infections etc.. In this regard, bacteriocins present themselves as a compelling alternative for achieving both preservation and safety objectives in the realm of food science. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteins that demonstrate inhibitory activities against a diverse spectrum of undesirable microorganisms. In the present study, a bacterium  (Brevibacillus borstelensis sp.) derived from Donkey milk was scrutinized for its ability to generate a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS). The effectiveness of this substance was assessed against pathogens linked to foodborne/spoilage, specifically Bacillus subtilis (KK01), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HCS36), and Escherichia coli (O22) .The evaluation comprised the bit/disc method followed by the Well-diffusion method. Employing a combination of phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics, including the 16S rRNA gene technique, the bacterial isolate was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis strain 3.1 [OR272522.1]. The Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by B. borstelensiswas purified for the first time by using the chloroform extraction method, unveiling a molecular mass of 56 kDa. Further analysis examined the BLIS reactions to temperature, pH, proteolytic enzymes, and stability. The Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance exhibited thermo-stability up to 90 °C, activity at neutral pH, sensitivity to trypsin, and partial stability up to 15 days of storage, indicating its potential as a bio-preservative for food.
Storing cork oak (Quercus suber) seeds under different temperatures and the effect of storage treatments on the germination and growth of stored seeds
Authors: Fargani Marwan YM El , Khaddari Amal El , Ouajdi Mohamed , Oubrahim Hayat , Aoujdad Jalila , El Antry Salwa , Dahmani Jamila , Zidane Lahcen
Published: June 2024

The cork oak "Quercus suber L." is one of the most important forest trees in the world, especially in the Mediterranean Basin, due to its high environmental, socioeconomic, and landscape value throughout the year. In general, these trees face particular problems that affect their germination, growth, survival, and  the other biotic and abiotic causes that affect natural regrowth.Thus, the most important of these problems is the annual irregularity in tree seed production. For this reason, The storage problems of this species are of concern to managers, who are using new alternative techniques to deal with the problem of the irregular annual production of oak seeds and to preserve them for as long as possible. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of storing cork oak Quercus suber  L. seeds at different temperatures and for different periods of up to 300 days on their vitality and ability to germinate.  For this, the seeds were subjected to four storage parameters at four temperature levels: -0.5°C, -1°C, +4°C with thermotherapy, and +4°C without thermotherapy as a control from January 2019 to September 2019. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the treatments studied significantly affected the measured parameters. After 30 and 60 days, the results of the 4 treatments concluded that the fourth storage treatment (storage of seeds directly at +4°C) presented a good performance in terms of the length of the seedlings, which was high (52.45 cm), the production of seedlings with an average diameter of 5.28 mm, and the important germination percentage (88.57%), unlike the other treatments. After a storage period of 270 days, the fourth storage treatment, the control, stored at 4°C without thermotherapy, still showed the best growth and development. This treatment also achieved a higher germination percentage (17.14%), plant height (11.33cm), and average diameter (1.85 mm) than the other treatments.
Prevalence of β-lactamase enzymes and molecular detection of the AmpC gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical infections
Authors: Saleh Mahmood Khalaf , Suood Abdalmohaimen Mohammed , Saeed Ahmed Yas
Published: June 2024

Most species of Gram-negative bacteria produce the enzyme β-lactamase, which can inactivate the structure of β-lactam antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has revealed countless resistances to β-lactam antibiotics and others over the last few decades. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ampicillin β-lactamase (AmpC) enzymes, conduct a molecular investigation of the AmpC gene expressing the enzymes and assess their impact on the widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. One hundred and fourteen P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from wounds, UTIs, burns, ears, and sputum and identified using various culture media, tests, and the VITEK 2 compact system. The isolates were identified, exhibiting high resistance rates of 100% to Ampicillin and 95.4% to Nalidixic acid. They also demonstrated resistance rates of 18.2% to Chloramphenicol and 22.7% to Ciprofloxacin. The Iodometric method test revealed that 63.1% produced β-lactamase enzymes, while the remaining 36.8% did not produce β-lactamase enzymes. The finding of the CHROM agar and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases) ESBLs (tests showed that 100% of isolates produced broad-spectrum β-lactamase. The double disk synergy test (DDST) for detecting AmpC enzymes showed that 19.2% tested positive, while 80.7% were unable to produce these enzymes. Molecular detection of the AmpC gene revealed that 81.8% of the isolates possessed this gene, while 18.1% did not. Out of the 22 isolates of P. aeruginosa studied, 18 exhibited a high percentage of the AmpC gene. This gene produces penicillinase enzymes, contributing to resistance against most studied antibiotics.
Application of Satellite and Geospatial technology for flash flood mapping over Himalayan with reference to Dharamshala in Himachal Pradesh, India during July 2021
Authors: Nagamani Katukotta , Meer Mohammad Suhail , Mishra Anoop Kumar , Sheriff M Riaz , Najar Mohmad Ashraf
Published: June 2024

Floods have devastating consequences for human life and economies worldwide. The present study focuses on flash flooding in the Himalayan environment, specifically in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India. In July 2021, a low-pressure system developed in the area, intensifying into a deep depression and resulting in extreme rainfall on July 12, 2021. This extreme rainfall event resulted flash flooding, landslides, and extensive damage in Dharamshala. Utilizing satellite observation and geospatial technology, this study examined the heavy rainfall events and the vulnerability of the geology of Dharamshala to flash flooding. The area received a cumulative rainfall of more than 370 mm, with over 35 mm recorded at 09:00 Universal Time Coordinated (UTC). The steep slopes of the region, combined with sudden heavy downpours from multiple extreme rainfall events, contributed to flash flooding and landslides. The consequences were severe, resulting in the loss of seven lives and impacting thousands of people in the study area. The research findings emphasize the significance of satellite-borne remote sensing applications and geospatial technology for real-time short-lived localised rainfall events in the study area. The study also highlights the role of Bhagsu Nala in exacerbating flood risks. This research provides a valuable model for implementing effective disaster mitigation measures. Moreover, it contributes to global efforts to reduce the risk of natural catastrophes, particularly in Himachal Pradesh. The findings offer valuable insights into disaster management and mitigation strategies.
Applied fixed effect of Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) with M- Estimator approach to estimate sugarcane yield data in East Java
Authors: Mondiana Yani Quarta , Pramoedyo Henny , Iriany Atiek , Marjono
Published: June 2024

Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR), a combination of panel regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR), is used to analyze panel data and capture diverse relationship between locations. GWPR was developed on data with panel-fixed effects and applied to modeling data with spatial heterogeneity and time series. One method for estimating parameters in the GWPR is weighted least squares (WLS), which are sensitive to outliers. The present study  aimed to use the M- method to estimate GWPR model parameters in data containing outliers using fixed-effect GWPR modeling for the sugar cane yield in East Java of Indonesia from 2019 to 2021. Sugarcane yield data in East Java contained outliers in several areas, including Malang, Blitar, and Ngawi Districts. Because the data contains outliers, a robust method with the M estimator was applied. The results showed that plantation areas significantly affected production in all districts.The R2 of the model was 0.87, showing that GWPR model with M estimation was appropriate in predicting sugarcane yield. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value, the GWPR model with M estimation had better performance than GWPR model alone.
Biocontrol measures to manage Parthenium hysterophorus: Current paradigms, scope and relevance
Authors: Sahu Komal , Kumar Vikas , Sharma Anil Kumar , Rana M. K. , Singh Amarjeet , Singh Raj
Published: June 2024

Parthenium hysterophorus, a noxious weed of tropical America, had relocated to Indian plains and rapidly encroached on north-western Himalayas Mountain regions. Earlier, the plant was primarily found in wastelands, but it now thrives in cultivated fields, pastures, and roadsides. Parthenium weed threatens human and animal health, destroys vegetation, lowers the diversity of native plant groups and causes significant financial damage to individuals and their significance in numerous nations worldwide. Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone found in P. hysterophorus, is harmful to livestock and poses a serious health risk to people, e.g., dermatitis and skin rashes, emaciation, tissue rupturing, internal organ haemorrhages and death are the hazardous side effects. Several studies are being conducted to determine the most efficient and reasonable method to control this harmful weed worldwide, including physical, chemical and biological ones. The study revealed that biocontrol of P. hysterophorus was a cost-effective, safe and viable technique and poses no threat to non-target organisms, environment and biodiversity, e.g., some allelopathic plants are used to curb the growth of congress grass. The combined effects of biocontrol agents like insects, fungi, nematodes, snails, slugs, and competitive plants decrease the density and vigour of congress grass and increase its production. The work done over the past 20 years on screening and evaluating both insect and fungal agents and the actual and potential employment of natural enemies as traditional biological control agents has been discussed. The study concludes that biological control, because of its affordability, environmental safety and sustainability, could be a significant constituent of an effective strategy for managing weed.
Taxonomic redescription of subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Haryana, India
Authors: Singh Vijay , Grewal Sunita , Goyal Vivek , Malik Vinay
Published: June 2024

The ladybird beetles of Scymninae, a subfamily of Coccinellidae are efficient biocontrol agents. Many earlier studies document their protective role associated with many crops. This subfamily is represented by 5 tribes,15 genera and 138 species in the Indian subcontinent. However there is no scientific record of taxonomic description of the subfamily Scymninae within the Coccinellidae family of beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera)  in Haryana, India. In the present study, seven species from three genera and two tribes of sub-family Scymninae i.e. Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann,1794), Nephus regularis (Sicard), Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1925, Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) posticalis Sicard and Stethorus aptus Kapur were identified. It included the generation of keys to the tribes, genera, subgenera and species found during the study. It provided detailed taxonomy of the identified species based on various morphological characteristics such as coxal lines, antennae, mandibles, and male and female genitalia. This study marks the first taxonomic exploration of species within the Scymninae subfamily in Haryana, India. It will significantly contribute to understanding the biodiversity of beetles in the region and will lay the groundwork for further research and conservation initiatives.
Standardization of packaging material, storage durations and chemical treatments on vase life of soft shield fern Polystichum squarrosum (D. Don)
Authors: Kaushal Nitesh , Sharma B P , Dilta B S , Kashyap Bharati , Bhalla Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Polystichum species, native to warm-temperate and montane-tropical environments (including some alpine regions), are terrestrial or rock-dwelling ferns. These plants exhibit dark green, leather-like, and lustrous fronds, which are highly valued in floral arrangements due to their aesthetic elegance and longevity. Polystichum squarrosum is not being cultivated commercially but collected from forests for its use as cut green in the florist industry. Hence the collected material should be handled carefully to utilize every frond. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop suitable post-harvest handling procedures for this valued cut green. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial layout with 19 treatment modules (M0 to M18) was employed. Treatment modules included packaging material as poly mesh net bags and packing materials as corrugated fiberboard boxes , two storage durations (3 and 6 days) and chemical treatments [glycerol (4%) and Benzyl adenine (25mg L-1)]. Results revealed that spraying cut fronds with 4% glycerol, wrapping them in cellophane sheets and storing them for three days (M9) resulted in significant improvements in appearance, weight change, vase life and water uptake. Fronds from Season-II (March-April 2020) exhibited excellent performance over Season-I (August-September 2019). The interaction between M9 and Season-II further enhanced the postharvest parameters. The combination of glycerol treatment and cellophane wrapping for three-day storage proved most effective in preserving the quality of cut fronds.
PM2.5 concentration prediction using Generative adversarial network: A novel approach
Authors: Medhi Shrabani , Gogoi Minakshi
Published: June 2024

Over the last few years, air pollution has become a matter of great concern. Numerous machine learning and deep learning techniques have been applied to predict PM2.5 (Particulate Matter2.5). However, deterministic models perform forecasting based on the mean of probable outputs and cannot handle the uncertainties in real-life situations. With the aim of solving the low accuracy of PM2.5 concentration prediction during uncertainties, the present study proposed an innovative probabilistic model-Prob PM2.5  which predicts one day ahead PM2.5 concentration for time series data, which is multivariate in nature. First, a comprehensive correlation analysis between the meteorological features and PM2.5 concentration is done. Finally, the Conditional GAN framework is used to train the ProbPM2.5  with the help of adversarial training. The proposed framework that transformed a deterministic model into a probabilistic model provided improved performance. Comparative analysis with conventional models, such as LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) reveals that ProbPM2.5 outperforms during testing, showcasing resilience in the face of unforeseen events like COVID-19. Hence, the proposed method could perform improved characterization of time series characteristics of the air pollutant changes in order to obtain better accuracy of PM2.5 concentration prediction
Study on soil organic carbon dynamics and its different pools in maize crop (Zea mays L.) under different agricultural practices in semiarid region of Punjab, India
Authors: Jackson Khaidem , Changade Nitin , Meetei Thounaojam Thomas , Devi Heisnam Sobhana , Devi Yumnam Bijilaxmi , Bokado Kangujam
Published: June 2024

The soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital resource whose presence or absence can determine the quality of soils. The sustainability potential of soils can be unlocked with the presence of SOC.  The present study aimed to evaluate the implications of different agricultural field practices on the soil organic carbon, its various fractions, and the soil organic carbon stocks in the semiarid region of Phagwara (Punjab) with a maize variety (Suvarna NMH-589). Soil samples were collected from all the treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, …, T9) at two soil depths, ‘a’ (0-15 cm) and ‘b’ (15-30 cm), during the experimental period of 2022-23 and 2023-24. Analyses were performed on the soils collected at 0 DAS (days after sowing), 45 DAS and 90 DAS. A pooled mean data of the analysis revealed that the total organic carbon (TOC) was maximum in the straw mulching treatment T1 (7.87, 9.40, 11.50, along with increasing DAS). Values of TOC ranged from 5.48-11.05 g kg-1 and 4.16-7.93 g kg-1 at the surface and subsurface layers during the experimental periods. The oxidizable soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 3.67-6.07 g kg-1 and 2.62-4.63 g kg-1 at soil depths ‘a’ and ‘b’, respectively. There was the suggestive notion that the incorporation of organic matter and its decomposition has a positive effect towards increasing the organic carbon content in soils. The SOC stocks also fluctuated in a range of 7.26- 11.51 Mg ha-1 and 9.69-19.23 Mg ha-1 at the different soil depths ‘a’ and ‘b’. Differential accumulation of biomass in the surface and subsurface layers was the driving factor for such a range in the values obtained. The carbon fractions also fluctuated during the experimental periods. It was concluded that different agricultural practices greatly influenced the organic carbon dynamics in soil. The agricultural practices that could boost SOC could improve crop productivity, improve nutrient transformation, and act as a sink for CO2 in the soil.
Identification of class I, II, and III Integron genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Authors: Abed Esraa S. , Ali Munim R.
Published: June 2024

Integrons are one genetic factor that can contribute to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and their spread. This research aimed to study the prevalence of class 1,2 and 3 integron in A. baumannii isolates and their relatedness to virulence factors of antibiotics resistance. Seventy clinical isolates of A.baumannii were isolated from several sources such as blood, urinary tract infection (UTI), sputum, urine, and  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). First, the isolates were identified and characterized according to certain morphology, cultural and biochemical tests. Second genotypic ally Identification of the isolates was confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was performed by housekeeping gene 16sRNA and by (blaOxa 51gene) for A. baumannii species. The antimicrobial susceptibility technique was evaluated through disk diffusion methods. These isolates resistant to various antibiotics were analyzed for integron class I, II and III content and sequences of the amplification products by PCR. The findings showed that the predominant A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant and they were most resistant to 15 antibiotics. The higher resistance of A. baumannii to Gatifloxacin and lower resistance to polymyxin. Sixty clinical Multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates of A. baumannii had class I integron and five class III integron, but class II integron was not detected in the isolates. This revealed that the dissemination of MDR among A. baumannii may be associated with the presence of integrons class I and class III. These data indicate that integrons are gene cassettes containing antibiotic-resistance genes that play a major role in the virulence characteristics of MDR and Extensively-drug resistance (XDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii.