bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL MICROPHYSICAL CLOUD MODEL FOR ASSESSMENT OF PARAMETERIZATION OF WARM CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION FORMATION PROCESSES IN MODELS WITH BULK MICROPHYSICS
Authors: Krakovska S. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

Several series of numerical experiments were conducted using the one-dimensional spectral microphysical cloud model developed at UkrHMI for marine stratiform-convective clouds of the surface layer and diagrams were constructed to determine the coefficients of coagulation of cloud droplets and precipitation drops. The rates of autoconversions, accretion, and sedimentation were estimated based on generalized (bulk) parameterizations of microphysics from regional atmosphere models (Kessler, Beheng, and Khairutdinov-Kogan) and corresponding characteristics from the spectral (bin) cloud model. The obtained results have been analysed and the limits where the bulk parameterizations can be applied have been determined. Based on spectral model estimations new nonlinear formulations are proposed for parameterizations of sedimentation rates of droplet concentration and water content in models with bulk microphysics, but they need further approbation and estimation of biases against experimental measurements. Evolution in time and at vertical cloud levels of precipitation drops’ spectra are presented and analysed showing more natural two maxima shapes observed in clouds as a rule.
DATA RESCUE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DAILY TIME SERIES OF AIR TEMPERATURE (MEAN, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM) AND ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Sidenko V. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kravchenko I. , Kyreieva Z. , Pinchuk D. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the results of the digitization of hard copies (meteorological tables) containing records of daily values of mean (TM), maximum (TX) and minimum (TN) surface air temperatures and atmospheric precipitation sums (RR). The daily values of TM, TX and TN obtained at 176 meteorological stations of the national hydrometeorological monitoring network were digitized. The largest number of stations (178) were processed for digitizing atmospheric precipitation data. The total number of digitized values is 3,571,778. The digitized values fill in the gaps in the digital database of daily values of the essential climatic variables (TM, TX, TN and RR), which was created at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute. The quality control of the digital database was carried out using state-of-the-art, well-tested dedicated software INQC and Climatol. The number of detected gross errors is 3,933 and ranges from 9 to 2015, depending on the meteorological parameter (however, not more than 0.04% of the total set of values of each variable). A slightly larger number of values were recorded that fell into the category of probable errors, outliers, suspicious values, and collectively suspicious values. The percentage of such values from the total amount of values for each dataset reaches up to 0.14%. Based on the results of the quality control procedure, all identified errors were checked and corrected in correspondence with the data in the original hard copies.
HEAT FLOW COEFFICIENTS AT THE LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF THE ICE PHENOMENA APPEARANCE DATES AT THE DNIPRO CASCADE RESERVOIRS
Authors: Rozlach V. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khrystiuk B. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Reliable and efficient water management is impossible without information on the current and future condition of river basins. Timely informing stakeholders about the future development of hydrological processes is based on a system of hydrological forecasts. Long-term forecasts of ice phenomena are of great importance, as they are used to plan the end of navigation and the crossing of economic facilities to winter regime. Reliable and lead-time forecasts of appearance dates of ice phenomena and freeze-up on reservoirs are essential for the rational use of water resources and for establishing reservoir operation regimes that take into account the requirements and interests of various economic sectors: hydropower, shipping, fisheries, utilities, etc. The appearance dates of floating ice are one of the most important characteristics of autumn ice phenomena. In recent years, the frequency of warm seasons in autumn and pre-winter has increased, and the process of ice formation is often protracted. In such conditions, it is of great importance to forecast the appearance dates of stable ice and the dates of freeze-up, as these characteristics determine the most effective hydrological strategy in the autumn-winter period. The paper investigates the relationship between heat flow coefficients and the appearance dates of ice phenomena in the reservoirs of the Dnipro cascade. The received forecasting dependencies revealed very weak and moderate correlations, and the efficiency of the forecasting equations was 60 % or less. Thus, the use of heat flow coefficients as predictors of atmospheric processes is very limited. That is why the search for predictors of atmospheric processes should be expanded for long-term forecasting of the appearance dates of ice phenomena in space and time.
CAN CORRELATIONS BE AN EVIDENCE, THAT CHANGES IN THE COUNT RATE OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY SIGNALS ARE DUE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE?
Authors: Zelenskyi O. ,   STE “Central enterprise for radioactive waste management”, Chornobyl, Kyiv obl., Ukraine, Skorbun A. , Sploshnoi B. , Shevchenko O. , Shpyg V. ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NASU: Chornobyl, UA,   STE “Central enterprise for radioactive waste management”, Chornobyl, Kyiv obl., Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a debate in the scientific literature about the possibility of variability in the rate of radioactive decay under the influence of external factors, as evidenced by separate experiments. However, since such effects are in sharp conflict with the basic principles of nuclear physics, there is also a strong criticism, which converges to that all such experiments are incorrect. At the same time, one way or another, everything converges to that the observed effects are the result of the response of the measurement equipment to external weather conditions, that is, caused by changes in temperature, humidity, etc. And these effects are not changes of the actual measured physical quantity. In this work, the possibility of influence of such a factor as temperature is carefully considered. A correlation was found between regular series of measurements of temperature and gamma background level in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, which is contaminated by fuel fallouts from the destroyed power unit. The assumption was made regarding the mechanism of formation of features in gamma background signals. The revealed relation may indicate the existence of a common global factor (cause) of the variability of the gamma background signals and temperature, which should be sought beyond trivial assumptions about the influence of meteorological conditions on the operation of the equipment.
POPULATION MIGRATION AS A PRESSURE IMPACT FACTOR ON THE STATUS OF SURFACE WATERS CAUSED BY RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors: Osadcha N. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Nabyvanets Yu. , Ukhan O. , Luzovitska Yu. , Klebanov D. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by russian troops has caused massive population displacement. The International Organization for Migration noted that the number of officially registered internally displaced persons is 38% of the total number of refugees. The abrupt migration of population to the western regions of Ukraine has created an additional burden within the river basins. The priority migration destination was cities, while others dispersed to rural areas. In the first case, population growth led to an additional load on the municipal infrastructure and increased the impact of point sources on river ecosystems. In the second case, it has created conditions for an increasing of diffuse pollution. The results of water utilities reporting in the western regions of Ukraine (by the 2TP-Vodhosp form) indicate the rising in 2022of wastewater discharge compared to the volume in 2021. Based on the analysis of organic substances (BOD5 and COD) and nutrients (ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus), a significant increase in their content was revealed for rivers in the Vistula basin, the upper and middle parts of the Dniester basin, sub-basins of the Danube (Tisza, Prut, and Siret rivers). These substances are formed as a result of the vital activity of living organisms and are protein in nature, which makes them characteristic indicators of municipal wastewater. By calculating the mass balance, it was shown that in Lviv, the load of ammonium nitrogen increased to about 67 tons per year, and phosphorus - 31 tons per year. The relative share of the load from point sources reached 37% and 87%, respectively. The average impact of point sources due to military actions was 8.3% for nitrogen compounds and 7.5% for phosphorus compounds. Against this background, the content of nitrate nitrogen compounds, which are formed mainly by diffuse sources, decreased. Most of the small rivers in the western region of Ukraine had deviations from the 'good' ecological status. The reason for this was a small natural flow, which does not allow for effective dilution of insufficiently treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Among them, the Poltva River was the most polluted water body in Ukraine.
DETERMINATION OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOWER DNIPRO TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE EXPLOSION OF KAHOVKA HPP
Authors: Chornomorets Yu. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Perevozchykov I. , Oreshchenko A. , Mala L. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine
Published: August 2024

The full-scale invasion by the russian federation has significantly impacted the quantity and quality of water in the rivers located within the conflict zone. The explosion at the Kakhovka HPP was accompanied by the most catastrophic consequences for hydrological systems. Due to ongoing active military operations in the region of the disaster, direct measurements of water flow there are impossible. Therefore, in this study, the average year discharge of the Dnipro River for the year 2023 was calculated using computational methods. Therefore, the paper separately examined the flow of the Dnipro River for flow without Kakhovka HPP Explosion; and the actual flow in 2023. The lag time of the flow in the section between the Dnipro HPP and the Kakhovka HPP was determined through joint daily observations of water discharge in 1952 at the Dnipro HPP and Beryslav stations. Changes in the inside-year distribution of runoff were determined by comparing the actual average monthly water discharges of the Dnipro HPP with the normalized monthly discharge values of the Kakhovka HPP for the year 2023. An automated method for decoding satellite images was also used in the study to create a map showing the main stages of the desiccation of the former Kakhovka reservoir bed. Using automated satellite image interpretation, we created a map showing the main stages of dewatering of the bed of the former Kakhovka Reservoir. The difference between our calculated real flow in 2023 and the flow brought to conditions without dam blowing is water, that the Kakhovka Reservoir failed to retain could have been used for industrial and agricultural production, water supply and sewage, the normal functioning of nature reserves, tourism, water transport, and much more. All of these losses are very difficult to assess, but they definitely need to be recorded.
SPREADING OF THE EXTREME WATER DISCHARGE FROM THE DNIPRO-BUH ESTUARY INTO THE BLACK SEA IN JUNE 2023 BY SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS DATA
Authors: Ilyin Yu. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

A series of satellite images of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea, recorded by the MODIS and VIIRS scanners in the visible range of the spectrum from June 4 to July 1, 2023, were analyzed. Data from operational observations of the river water level and wind and seawater salinity on the Northwestern coast of the Black Sea were also used. A description of the Dnipro water anomalous distribution of in the sea after the Russian occupiers blew up the Kakhovka reservoir’s dam was obtained. Three time intervals and corresponding dynamic modes of the riverine water spreading are allocated. Quantitative indicators of the riverine water dynamics in the sea at the first stage of its expansion are calculated based on the assessment of the average water discharge for 3 days after the dam explosion. It was concluded that the abnormal discharges of the Dnipro (20.5 thousand m3/s) produce an unusual mode of the riverine water dynamics in the sea, namely, the supercritical flow from the Kinburn Strait and the formation of a buoyant plume that interacts with the bottom at a depth of no more than 6 m. According to satellite observations, the plume of turbid riverine waters moved on the shelf at a speed of more than 50 cm/s and quickly reached the Odesa Bay, forming an anticyclonic eddy structure, which later increased to more than 40 km in diameter. As a first approximation, it is accepted that after the dam explosion, about 700 tons of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and more than 1,000 tons of dissolved inorganic nitrogen entered the Black Sea. Such an unusually large amount of nutrients could obviously cause the explosive reproduction (blooming) of phytoplankton. At the qualitative level, the negative environmental consequences for the marine environment of the abnormal input of pollutants and nutrients are outlined.
ESTIMATION OF THE INTERNAL WATER EXCHANGE VOLUME OF THE KYIV RESERVOIR USING 90Sr EMISSION DATA
Authors: Sizonenko V. ,   The Institute of Software Systems of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shevchenko O. ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Given that the hydrodynamics of internal and external water exchange in reservoirs creates fundamentally different living conditions for hydrobionts and significantly affects water quality, the task of separating the volumes of internal and external water exchange arises. The aim of the study is to obtain estimates of the magnitude and variability of internal and external water exchange in the Kyiv reservoir depending on the reservoir level. The research method is full-scale modeling, which consists in observing the dispersion in space of a certain passive conservative admixture (tracer) artificially introduced into the flow. As a tracer, we propose 90Sr, which by its properties almost meets the requirements for a tracer substance. The data of hydrological and toxicological monitoring in 1990-1991, 1993-1994 and 1998-1999 were used. Based on the data on 90Sr inputs to the upper reaches of the Kyiv Reservoir in 1991, 1994, and 1999, which had the character of sharp spikes, and the data on 90Sr concentrations at the outlet of the Kyiv Reservoir, the values of transport time and volumes corresponding to the time of contamination transport to the outlet of the reservoir were established. Guided by the transportation time and data on water consumption in the reservoir, calculated by the balance model, the values of the volumes of internal and external water exchange, as well as the parts that these volumes makeup of the total volume of the reservoir, were obtained. An interpolation of the dependence of the internal water exchange volume on the level of the Kyiv reservoir was constructed. The results obtained are in good agreement with some results obtained with the hydrodynamic mathematical model using the full-flow method by another group of researchers. The dependence of the volumes of internal and external water exchange of reservoirs on the reservoir level can be used to determine the time of pollution transportation along the reservoir, for environmental assessments and forecasts related to the study of water quality conditions.
Incumbent Banks Vs New Entrants: The Impact of Peer-To-Peer Lending and Market Power on The Stability of Islamic Commercial Banks
Authors: Sholihin Anwarul
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effect of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending and market power on the stability of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS). Stability is measured by the Z-score, and market power is measured by the Lerner Index. This study uses aggregate data from BUS, conventional bank, and P2P lending from January 2018 to December 2021. This quantitative research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results show that P2P lending does not affect BUS stability, whereas BUS market power has a positive effect on their stability. The implications of these findings suggest that while P2P lending is a rapidly growing competitor in the financial sector, its presence does not destabilize existing Islamic banks (BUS). Instead, BUS stability is more significantly influenced by their market power. Therefore, BUS should focus on enhancing their market power through strategic initiatives such as innovation in financial products, improving customer service, and increasing operational efficiencies.
Public Sentiment Towards Mandatory Halal Certification: A Large Language Model (LLM) Approach
Authors: Rahmadian Adhi
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes public sentiment towards mandatory halal certification in Indonesia, as mandated by Law No. 33/2014 and its revision in Government Regulation No. 39/2021. Using the Large Language Model (LLM) approach, sentiment analysis was conducted on a dataset consisting of 320 samples of headlines from various electronic media platforms, published between 2019 and 2023. The LLM model, employing the RoBERTa architecture, was trained on an Indonesian language dataset and optimized for sentiment classification tasks. Data preprocessing included web scraping, data cleansing, and text vectorization using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) techniques and cosine-similarity. The model demonstrated a confidence score of the classifications mean of 87.35% and median 96.12% in classifying the news headlines. Results revealed a predominant positive sentiment (57%) towards halal certification, indicating public awareness of its significances. However, negative sentiments (26%) highlighted challenges faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), including high costs and lack of understanding about the certification process. The temporal analysis showed an increase in halal-related news coverage following the implementation of new regulations. This study contributes to the understanding of public perception towards regulatory changes in the halal industry and demonstrates the effectiveness of LLM-based sentiment analysis in comprehending public opinions. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and businesses in addressing the potential and challenges in implementing mandatory halal certification.
Generation Z and Halal Travel: How Digital Promotion and Service Quality Influence Interest
Authors: Syamsurizal Syamsurizal , Andrini Rozi , Rismawati Viona
Published: August 2024

One of the industries that has the potential to expand in Indonesia in recent years is halal tourism. Therefore, tourist destination managers must improve management, including digital promotions and services. Especially for Generation Z who are the largest number of tourists on halal tourism. The study aims how digital promotion and service quality influence interest of Gen Z. Quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis is the method used in this study. Digital promotion and service quality influenced the interest of Gen Z tourists to travel for halal tourims. Another finding is that digital promotion and service quality of Tan Kayo Sharia Eco Park are in accordance with Islamic principles and Minang culture, which is very strong with Islamic nuances. This research should be a reference for decision-making on digital promotion and services of halal tourist destinations, which will encourage the improvement of local to national sharia economies.
The Development of Islamic Financial Instrument: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Samudera Ahmad Bayu , Ismail Depid , Suhendi Suhendi , Muslim Sarip
Published: August 2024

Islamic financial instruments are an integral component of the global economic system, particularly in countries with a majority Muslim population. The growing Muslim population and increased awareness of Islamic compliance are driving the use of Islamic financial instruments as an alternative to conventional options. This study aims to explore the development, challenges, and opportunities of Islamic financial instruments using a descriptive qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques involve literature review with secondary data sourced from academic journals, official publications, and reports on Islamic financial developments from various institutions. The results of this study indicate that there are various Islamic financial instruments, such as murabahah and mudharabah, used for Islamic funding instruments, as well as other instruments for Islamic financing instruments, Islamic savings and deposit instruments, Islamic investment instruments, Islamic insurance instruments, and social Islamic finance instruments. There is also the development of Islamic financial instruments like green sukuk and Islamic financial technology. However, this development faces challenges, including regulatory and policy issues, liquidity challenges, and others. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the expansion of Islamic financial instruments and raise awareness among the public, particularly among academics and practitioners, to address the challenges in Islamic finance.
Examining The Determinants of Halal Food Preferences in Gen Z: The Moderating Role of Motivation on Lifestyles and Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Prasasti Riska , Ashwat Natasya Ul , Gunawan Syahrul , Azhar Jeihan Ali
Published: August 2024

This research aims to develop the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by adding halal brands as an internal variable and investigating the influence of halal brands and technology as independent variables using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to make judgments about lifestyle and the purchase of halal food. The moderating effect of motivation on the link between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), lifestyle, and decisions to buy halal food is also investigated in this study. This research utilized a Gen Z sample, comprising 313 respondents. This study processes the data using the Smart PLS 3 program and a quantitative methodology with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. A Google Form was utilized to facilitate online data collecting, and it was shared through social media. The findings of the study indicate that opinions are significantly influenced by halal brands; Subjective norms are significantly impacted by technological variables; lifestyle and purchase decisions are significantly impacted by attitude variables; lifestyle and purchase decisions are significantly impacted by subjective norm variables; and lifestyle and purchase decisions are significantly impacted by the PBC variable. In the meanwhile, the interaction between attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC on lifestyle and purchasing decision is unabated by motivation.
The t-test of a regression coefficient for imprecise data
Authors: Aslam Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The existing t-test for testing the significance of the regression coefficient is applied when cent percent observations of the data are precise, exact and certain. In practice, the measurement data or data recorded in an uncertain environment do not have all precise observations. The imprecise data cannot be analyzed using the existing t-test for testing the significance of the regression coefficient. In this paper, we will present the design of a t-test for testing the significance of the regression coefficient under neutrosophic statistics. The proposed t-test for testing the significance of the regression coefficient can be applied to imprecise data. The effect of the degree of uncertainty on the power of the test will be studied. The proposed t-test for testing the significance of the regression coefficient will be applied using the imprecise data. From the analysis, it is concluded that the proposed t-test for testing the significance of the regression coefficient will be informative, flexible and adequate to be applied to imprecise data.
Effects of Weeding Frequency and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Yield performance, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Jaleta Mendera , Zerihun Jalata , Alemayehu Wagari
Published: August 2024

Background: Food barley is one of the main staple crops in Ethiopia, however, its production is influenced by several factors including the effect of weeds and low soil fertility. Purpose: An experiment was conducted with the objective of investigating the combined impact of weeding frequencies and NPS fertilizer rates on barley growth and yield performance. Methodology: Three levels of weeding frequencies (designated as W1, W2, and W3 for one-time, two-time, and three-time weeding, respectively), and five levels of NPS fertilizers (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) were applied in an RCB and replicated three times. HB1307 was used as the test material. Results: The results indicated that NPS fertilizer rates and weeding frequency had a significant (p < 0.01) main influence on barley phenology. The interaction between NPS fertilizer rates and weeding frequency resulted in a highly significant (p < 0.01) impact on food barley production, grain yield, and other yield component metrics. Maximum straw yield (5476 kg ha-1) was obtained from the application of 200 kg NPS ha-1 with three weeding frequencies. Moreover, the highest grain output (4726 kg ha-1) and highest net return (106,889.8 ETB (Ethiopian Birr ha-1) with a marginal rate of return (47430.8%) were achieved by applying 200kg NPS ha-1 and weeding three times. Conclusion: Barley yield performance was greatly influenced by the application of 200 kg NPS ha-1 with three times weeding, resulting in the maximum grain yield (4726 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5476 kg ha-1) that was determined to be cost-effective. However, further research is required to achieve optimum rates of treatment.
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: PhenoCam for Green Chromatic Coordinate v1
Authors: M. Browning Dawn
Published: August 2024

Phenology is the study of seasonal dynamics and how environmental conditions such as temperature and rainfall influence it over different time periods. In the case of plants, phenology is a primary control of productivity. Phenology can be studied through color-based image analysis using a digital camera (PhenoCam) most commonly mounted on a tower that captures time-lapse photographs of vegetation canopies. Metrics of canopy greenness can be calculated from PhenoCam imagery as a continuous record of canopy and surface greenness. The most commonly used greenness metric is the green chromatic coordinate (GCC), which is similar to the normalized difference vegetation index derived from satellite remote sensing. PhenoCam images provide unique insights into vegetation dynamics at a daily time step and the associated ecosystem metrics affected by management and climate change.
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: Non-crop plant biodiversity v1
Authors: H. Boughton Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Non-crop plant diversity, implemented by producers to manage environmental quality or biodiversity-based ecosystem services within croplands, is important because it is strongly related to other biodiversity-based ecosystem services and ecosystem function. Diversity is often correlated with primary production and thus associated with numerous ecosystem services, including food, fuel, and fiber provisioning; water management and erosion control; nutrient cycling; carbon storage; and habitat for wildlife and pollinators. Moreover, plant diversity is an ecosystem characteristic amenable to manipulation and predictively responsive to climate change, thus providing a mechanism whereby ecosystem services may be sustainably managed now and into the changing future. In the LTAR croplands common experiment, non-crop plant diversity is measured using a multi-scale plot known as a Whittaker plot. The presence and percent cover of species and ancillary data is observed in eight 1 m2 subplots. The presence of species is observed in eight 10 m2 subplots and four 100 m2 subplots, which can be combined for a list of species at the 400 m2 plot scale. The multi‐scale plot design is consistent with the methods of NEON (Barnett et al. 2019) and the Carolina Vegetation Project (Peet et al. 1998), similar to other multi-scale methods (Stohlgren 2007), and is based on Robert Whittaker’s approach to sampling vegetation. It is possible to modify the size of a Whittaker plot as necessary to fit within experimental constraints. Because the effectiveness of floral strips or hedgerows may depend on landscape context, we also recommend assessing the proportional cover of arable crops as a proxy for landscape simplification (e.g., Tscharntke et al., 2005; Dainese et al., 2019). Calculate the proportional cover of arable crops in circular sectors of a 1 km radius around focal crops or a 750 m or 500 m radius (Albrecht et al. 2020). To assess the impact of non-crop plant diversity on other aspects of biodiversity and ecosystem services, co-locate measurements of beneficial insects (e.g., butterflies and pollinators), soil health attributes, and soil microbial diversity with Whittaker plots.
A Comparative Study of the Impact of Social Media Advertisements on Working Women and Homemakers in Jaipur
Authors: Prajapat Sunita
Published: August 2024

The evolution of social media has transformed advertising strategies, providing businesses with innovative tools to target distinct audience segments effectively. This study investigates the impact of social media advertisements on working women and homemakers, examining their consumption patterns, engagement levels, and overall response to marketing strategies on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest. With social media use reaching approximately 4.9 billion people globally in 2023, advertisers have a unique opportunity to target specific demographics with personalized content. Online advertisements have significantly impacted the purchasing habits of the general public due to the increasing internet use. The online retail sector in India is transitioning, as many brands are shifting away from traditional brick-and-mortar stores. Various parameters of online advertising influence consumer behavior. As the online retail market in India continues to expand, new brands and shopping websites are emerging daily. Women consumers play a crucial role in this growth, as their buying behavior significantly influences the online shopping landscape across different platforms and applications. Social media advertising is rapidly evolving, with platforms like Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and shopping apps such as Nykaa, Meesho, Amazon, and Myntra offering numerous shopping opportunities for women, featuring a wide range of national and international cosmetic brands. This research focuses on the influence of advertisements on homemakers, who have shifted from traditional media to social media.  This also explores how working women use the knowledge gained through online advertisements.  The study utilizes a quantitative research questionnaire survey method, gathering data from 100 women (50 working women and 50 homemakers) in Jaipur City to understand their behavior toward social media advertisements. The present research aims to explore a comparative study of the impact of online advertisements on working women and homemakers in Jaipur.
Is Mental Health Literacy the Optimal Lever of Stigma Change? Examining the Link in 17 Countries
Authors: Pescosolido Bernice
Published: August 2024

Background. Literacy campaigns stand as the most common approach to raising awareness of mental health problems, increasing the use of services, and reducing stigma. However, research suggests that more informed public beliefs may have little effect or even trigger the stigma backlash. We aim to provide a wider, cross-national examination of how stigma varies globally and to examine whether the ability to recognize a mental health problem and see it as “a disease like any other” is the optimal roadmap for stigma reduction. Methods. Data came from the Stigma in Global Context – Mental Health Study (SGC-MHS), which were collected from non-institutionalized adults 18 years of age or older through face-to-face interviews using vignettes meeting DSM-IV clinical criteria for schizophrenia and major depression in 17 countries (N=18,342; response rate 65.9%). Analyses of association between public’s endorsement of problem recognition, disease attributions, and severity on the desire for social distance were conducted using multivariate regression models in SEM framework. Results. For both depression and schizophrenia, countries fell into three groups of low, medium and high levels of public stigma. Consistently, Brazil and Germany anchored the lowest levels, Bangladesh and Hungary reported the highest levels, with Great Britain, USA, Belgium falling in midrange. Measures of mental health literacy did not have uniform effects, but, where significant, tended to align with expectations under labelling theory’s ideas about rejection rather than attribution theory’s claims for mental health literacy. Ironically, the most stable factor associated with lower stigma is the assessment that the situation will improve on its’ own, in direct contradiction to literacy theories. Conclusion. Overall results suggest that anti-stigma efforts should move past a focus on mental health literacy or at least recognize its’ limitation and potential unintended consequences. Recognizing a situation as a mental illness can change the public’s support for mental health services to some extent. The association between seeing the problem resolving on its own and lower stigma levels suggests that newer approaches that focus on connectedness and mental health may hold greater purchase to decrease public stigma and increase recovery.
ACS NSQIP and hip fracture in the elderly. A mini review
Authors: Piccolo Annalisa
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Hip fractures occur commonly in the geriatric population and represent an important source of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. The increasing incidence of hip fracture in this type of patients is due both to increased life expectancy and to the high prevalence of osteoporosis in the elderly. Hip fracture not only affects the health status of the individual patient, but it is responsible for an increased commitment of resources by the healthcare system. A preoperative tool predicting a potential postoperative complication can help to stratify the risk of each individual patient, to set the best diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) has promoted the development of a surgical risk calculation system widespread throughout the world. A surgical risk calculation system was officially created in 2013 and it is available on the web, including twenty different variables such as factors related to the individual patient and the planned surgical procedures. This electronic calculator allows to obtain the percentage of risk of mortality, need for readmission and morbidity, and to estimate the duration of hospitalization. Methods: We performed a search on the main database such as PubMed and Cochrane Library, using specific terms: i.e. “Hip surgery”, “ACS NSQIP risk calculator”, "proximal femur fracture” and "hip fracture”. We reviewed all the articles relevant to our topic, performing a qualitative analysis of the data presented. Results: We found 107 articles, only four were eligible for a full review. After a careful evaluation, only two studies fitted well with the purpose of our review. These two studies showed a good effectiveness of ACS NSQIP to predict postoperative mortality. Conclusions: The ACS NSQIP risk calculator seems to be effective in predicting postoperative complications and in particular postoperative mortality after hip surgery, but we do not have enough data. In fact, we have only two studies regarding hip fractures in elderly patients (> 60 years). Further studies are necessary.
Exploring health knowledge: An extensive review of information seeking behaviors, health literacy, and the relevance of libraries and community resources
Authors: Halder Sambhu Nath , Tiwari V. R. , Ali Sazzad
Published: August 2024

The complicated interactions between health literacy, health information-seeking behaviors, and the vital roles that libraries and community resources play are all explored in detail in this comprehensive examination. Underscoring the importance of well-informed decision-making and enhanced health outcomes, the research delves into many models, such as the "Health Belief Model" and the "Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model". Factors impacting health information seeking, such as psychological variables and socioeconomic status, highlight the challenges in meeting the requirements of a varied community.

The multifaceted character of health literacy is investigated, including aspects such as the quality of educational resources and the influence on patient outcomes. Libraries, which have evolved into vital health information centers, serve critical roles in disseminating trustworthy information. Collaboration between libraries and community services has been shown to dramatically advance health literacy levels.

The analysis finds links between health information-seeking behavior, health literacy, and the functions of libraries and community resources. Budget limits coexist with the potential opportunities for leveraging technology and collaborative approaches for enhanced health information services. Practical implications emphasize recommendations for policymakers, librarians, and community organizations to improve health literacy programs.

The findings emphasize the constant adaptation required to satisfy the changing needs of the healthcare sector. Future studies should focus on evaluating the influence of innovative library programs, community initiatives, and emerging technology on health literacy outcomes. This study serves as a basic resource for policy and strategy development to promote health literacy on a larger scale.
Exploring the role of generative AI in academia: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Panda Subhajit , Kaur Navkiran
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to comprehensively examine the multifaceted role of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) within academic settings, exploring its diverse applications, opportunities, and challenges.

Employing a systematic review approach, this study synthesizes and analyzes the existing literature pertaining to the integration of AI in academia. It critically evaluates the varied applications of generative AI tools across different domains such as literature review, visualization, content generation, plagiarism detection, language enhancement, data analysis, and journal selection.

The examination reveals a myriad of advantages brought forth by generative AI applications, including a substantial reduction in researchers’ workloads, time-saving mechanisms, the extraction of valuable insights from extensive datasets, and an overall enhancement in the quality of scholarly outputs. However, alongside these benefits, several challenges and limitations emerge. These include concerns regarding accuracy and reliability, ethical implications, limitations in linguistic and contextual understanding, potential hindrance to critical thinking and creativity, issues with data visualization, training requirements, staying updated with recent research, and the complexity and costs associated with specialized training.

This paper provides a comprehensive and structured overview of the applications, advantages, and challenges of utilizing generative AI in academic settings. It synthesizes existing knowledge, critically evaluates the implications, and highlights the need for a balanced approach to harness the full potential of AI while mitigating ethical and practical challenges. The paper's contribution lies in offering a holistic view of AI's impact on academia, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to maximize benefits while ensuring ethical standards and academic integrity.
Research on genus : A gap finding bibliometric outlook
Authors: Hazra Subhajit , Aziz Abdul
Published: August 2024

For ages, the world has primarily depended on the rich diversity of flora and fauna for therapeutic lead molecules. Once such flora of biological importance is plants included in the genus , as evidenced in Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushruta Samhita. With this backdrop, the present review aims to scrutinize the work done between the time frame of 1999-2021 on the genus based on bibliometric parameters by analyzing manuscripts indexed in one of the most popular databases, the Web of Science. The bibliometric review was carried out using VOSviewer software to demonstrate the research gap in this thematic area. In this, the various analyses carried out included co-occurrence analysis, citations analysis, and analysis of funding agencies. From the result, it could be seen that most researchers focused on the pharmacognostic/phytochemical evaluation of . while at the same time leading to a shortage of research on their pharmacological and pharmaceutical aspects.
Web learning: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Tukaram Patange Jagadish T Patange
Published: August 2024

Web Learning is a powerful, world-class Virtual Learning Environment VLE that allows, information users like Students Faculty and Research Scholars to engage in meaningful online flexible delivery of courses and assessments to on-site or distance learners, while meeting their specific needs and learning styles. this concept represented multifaceted ideas. Transactional distance consisted of four dimensions—instructor-learner, learner-learner, learner-content, and learner-interface transactional distance. The results inform researchers and practitioners of Web-based instruction concerning the factors of transactional distance that need to be taken into account This article describes a year-long application of critical information literacy theory for social-science-related library workshops. Each of these workshops had a customized section that included working with special collections and university archives. The students who participated ranged from incoming freshmen to seniors at Stanford University. The curriculum development method for these workshops.
Useful online open-access digital resources and their selection for researchers in the digital information world
Authors: Bharti Mukesh Chand
Published: August 2024

Open educational resources are becoming important in achieving the research goal and quality education. Available open education resources were recognized early on by UNESCO in 2004 when they first used the term “Open Education Resources “In the current era of digital information, many types and subjective, open resources are available for the world’s education. The Researcher and scholars can take advantage of these open resources with the consultation of librarians. The scholars need to meet your librarian and discuss the correct information for your work. In the digital era, much wrong information is available, but searching for correct information from open resources is challenging. Open access online resources and selection for research work: The selection of correct information for research work is essential therefore, research scholars and researchers must focus on the different components and platforms of open resources.
Application of blockchain technology in data security
Authors: Ram Bal , Verma Pratima
Published: August 2024

Blockchain technology has revolutionised how data is stored, managed, and secured. Its decentralised, transparent, and immutable nature presents unique advantages for data security. This paper delves into the application of blockchain technology in enhancing data security, exploring its fundamental principles, mechanisms, real-world applications, benefits, and challenges. By examining case studies across various industries, this paper aims to demonstrate the transformative potential of blockchain technology in securing data and protecting against cyber threats.
LA TEORÍA DEL EQUILIBRIO INSULAR EN BIOGEOGRAFÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN
Authors: Pozo Carmen , Llorente Bousquets Jorge
Published: August 2024

Con base en la revisión de abundante bibliografía, se hacen comentarios en relación con la teoría de la ecogeografía insular propuesta por MacArthur & Wilson y sobre el impacto, implicaciones y limitaciones generadas en la aplicación de dicha teoría en investigaciones relativas a la biogeografía, la ecología y la biología de la conservación. Se destaca cómo tal modelo sirvió de estímulo para realizar numerosas investigaciones y generar nuevos conceptos como el de "Población viable mínima" (MVP).
NOVEDADES EN VERNONIEAE (ASTERACEAE) DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Díaz - Piedrahita Santiago , Obando Sandra
Published: August 2024

Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas especies de Vernonieae originarias de Colombia y pertenecientes a los géneros Lessingianthus H. Rob. y Critoniopsis Sch. Bip. Se discuten sus afinidades y diferencias. También se propone una nueva sección para el género Lessingianthus.