bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña: Escribir para aprender. Disciplinas y escritura en la escuela secundaria por Federico Navarro y Andrea Revel Chion (Paidós)
Authors: Molina Maria Elena
Published: November 2018

¿Cómo y qué se escribe en las distintas asignaturas del currículo de la educación secundaria en Argentina? ¿Por qué y para qué se escribe? ¿De qué modos se entrelazan las prácticas de escritura con los contenidos disciplinares de materias como Física, Biología o Historia? ¿Qué aprendizajes promueven estas situaciones didácticas? Federico Navarro y Andrea Revel Chion ofrecen algunas respuestas concretas y certeras en relación con estas preguntas en su libro Escribir para aprender. Disciplinas y escritura en la escuela secundaria. Destinado a docentes, directivos y gestores de centros educativos, este libro describe y fundamenta un dispositivo pedagógico-institucional que enfatiza los potenciales epistémicos de la escritura en aulas de educaión secundaria y brinda lineamientos de trabajo que podrían replicarse en otros contextos institucionales. Su propuesta tiene una gran solidez teórica y empírica y se inspira en las propuestas del movimiento escribir a través del currrículum [WAC: Writing Across the Curriculum].
The European Digital Kitchen Project
Authors: Seedhouse Paul , Preston Anne , Olivier Patrick , Jackson Dan , Heslop Philip , Balaam Madeline , Rafiev Ashur , Kipling Matthew
Published: November 2018

This article reports on the European Digital Kitchen, an EU-funded language learning project which promotes learning of languages, cultures and cuisines in digital interactive kitchens. The project involves taking a normal kitchen and specifically adapting it for language learning using the next generation of digital technology, namely activity recognition and sensor technology. We intend that learners will be able to learn aspects of the language whilst performing a meaningful real-world task and will simultaneously experience the cultural aspect of learning to cook a foreign dish.The article starts by outlining the project background, including rationale, motivation and aims. We then explain in detail how the technology works (using photographs) and outline our design methodology, which blends Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). We then present 3 extracts of Digital Kitchen interaction to illustrate the type of learning which takes place.
Ressenya: A cremallengua. Elogi de la diversitat lingüística per Joan-Lluís Lluís (Viena Edicions)
Authors: Casadellà Marina
Published: November 2018

L’autor d’A cremallengua, Joan-Lluís Lluís, és fill de la capital nord-catalana. Segurament, el fet de viure com a catalanoparlant al bell mig del Rosselló l’ha ajudat a esdevenir, avui en dia, un defensor aferrissat de les llengües minoritzades, començant per la pròpia. La trajectòria de Lluís com a ferm guardià de la llengua catalana és molt remarcable [...]
Relación entre gramática y escritura en el currículo de lengua Portuguesa
Authors: Teixeira Madalena
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre los dominios de la gramática y de la escritura en el diseño curricular portugués, con vista a la comprensión de los resultados de los exámenes que se observan en las pruebas oficiales. Estas pruebas arrojan resultados muy bajos. Para realizar este análisis nos basamos en los principios definidos para la enseñanza de la gramática de dos documentos oficiales: los Programas del área curricular de Portugués (1er y 2º ciclos de la Enseñanza Básica) y la asignatura de Portugués (3er ciclo de la enseñanza Básica) (PPEB, 2009) y las Metas Curriculares de Portugués para la Enseñanza Básica (MCPEB, 2012). Estos documentos son normativos y funcionan como referentes para el profesorado en relación tanto a los diseños curriculares de aula como al desarrollo de la práctica docente y a la evaluación interna de los aprendizajes y de los libros de texto. A partir de aquí nos planteamos los siguientes objetivos: (1) conocer el impacto de la relación entre los dominios de la gramática y de la escritura, en el contexto del sistema nacional de evaluación; (2) describir el marco teórico y los mecanismos didácticos de los Programas (2009) y las Metas (2012); y (3) proponer actividades didácticas para la enseñanza de la gramática en articulación con la escritura. Como conclusión, señalamos como una prioridad la articulación entre los Programas del área curricular de lengua y la inversión en la formación continuada de los docentes.
Ressources en transformation: multimodalitat, plurilingüismo, acquisizione – seen from an interactional perspective. Una entrevista amb Lorenza Mondada
Authors: Llompart Esbert Julia
Published: November 2018

Aquesta entrevista amb la Dra Lorenza Mondada, Catedràtica de lingüística general i lingüística francesa a la Universitat de Basilea, Suïssa, està escrit en quatre idiomes (francès, italià, anglès i espanyol). L'entrevistada és doctora en lingüística per la Universitat de Lausanne (1994), guardonada l’any 2001 amb el National Latsis Prize (premi anual a Suïssa als millors investigadors menors de quaranta anys), i fos directora de l'ICAR Research Lab (CNRS, Universitat de Lyon 2 i École Nationale Supérieure) des de 2007 al 2010. La seva recerca s’ha centrat en la investigació de les interaccions socials en diversos àmbits (científic, mèdic, laboral i de la vida quotidiana...) i en com la gramàtica és un recurs per a la interacció i emergeix en la seva organització seqüencial. Ha contribuït de forma decisiva al desenvolupament d’un enfocament en el qual s’analitzen els recursos lingüístics i multimodals per a l’organització de la interacció. Recentment, ha guanyat una beca del Finland Distinguished Professor Programme, gràcies a la qual durà a terme un projecte, juntament amb la Universitat de Helsinki, sobre la interacció social i la comunicació multimodal.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOLUTION TREATMENT ON THE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY WE54
Authors: BARYLSKI Adam , ANIOŁEK Krzysztof , DWORAK Michał
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the influence of solution treatment on the mechanical and tribological properties of the WE54 magnesium alloy. The investigated alloy was solution treated at a temperature of 545oC for 8 hours and cooled in ice water (0oC), in room temperature water (20oC), and in hot water (95oC). Depending on the applied solution treatment parameters, a diversified decrease in hardness and Young's modulus was obtained. The lowest values of hardness H and modulus E were obtained when cooling in ice water. Abrasive wear of alloy WE54 was tested using a ball-on-disc tribometer (with a ZrO2 ball). The tests have shown more than a threefold reduction in the volumetric wear and a twofold reduction in the linear wear, as well as favourable changes of the friction coefficient (a 20% decrease) as compared to the material in the as-received condition.
THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON FRICTION REDUCTION AS THE RESULT OF SURFACE TEXTURING BY ABRASIVE JET MACHINING
Authors: WOŚ Sławomir , KOSZELA Waldemar , PAWLUS Paweł
Published: November 2018

Various machining methods are currently used to obtain the best co-action of sliding surfaces. Application of two-process surfaces led to a decrease of frictional resistance. Textured surfaces after abrasive jest machining are practical examples of two-process topographies. The results of the application of textured discs with the same array of oil pockets of similar sizes, but with different roughness in areas free of dimples, are presented in this paper. It was determined that after this type of machining, the effect of the friction force decrease was caused by surface texturing.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FRICTION PAIR LOAD ON TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES IN RECIPROCATING MOTION
Authors: PAWELEC Zbigniew
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the influence of the friction pair load on the wear and friction coefficient of polymer composites in reciprocating motion. The tested polymer composites are used in regeneration purposes of supports in cutting tools. Tribological characteristics were evaluated for composites modified with graphite and molybdenum disulphide as the additives (modifiers). The tests were performed by the use of T-17 tribotester under conditions of various loads (100, 150, 200 N), with a frequency of 1 Hz, and the 20 000 cycles of 25 mm amplitude. The friction pairs were lubricated with standard machine oil. For comparison purposes, the tribological characteristics of steel-steel configuration were performed. The mechanism of friction pair wear was evaluated by the analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have shown that the increase in the load of friction pair affects the friction coefficient only restrainedly. The polymer regeneration composites designed for flat guide rails in cutting machines proved to be more useful and resistant than the steel-steel combination.
THE INFLUENCE OF COOLING AND LUBRICATION LIQUID QUANTITY ON THE ISOTROPY OF A MACHINE COMPONENT SURFACE DURING MACHINING
Authors: MATUSZEWSKI Maciej , MIKOŁAJCZYK Jarosław , MIKOŁAJCZYK Tadeusz , STYP-REKOWSKI Michał
Published: November 2018

This paper presents an initial verification of the influence of a cooling- -lubrication liquid or its lack on the geometric surface structure of machine components undergoing the process of machining. It has been proposed to use the degree of isotropy of the finish surfaces, apart from commonly used roughness parameters, for the evaluation of changes in the quality of components machined in different cooling and lubrication conditions. In this study, the usefulness of the degree of isotropy for a description of the surface geometric structure characteristics has been verified.
THE LUBRICITY AND LOW FRICTION ADDITIVES
FOR TRANSMISSION OIL
Authors: SÓJKA Michał
Published: November 2018

The subject of this paper is the extension of the durability of multi-stage gear units working in moments or
constant overloads. Gear oils in sugar conveyor systems of the DC tray extractor were tested. Lubrication
parameters and modifications of this parameter have been studied by adding additional materials to the oil.
Additionally, the noise levels emitted by practical transmissions before and the addition of modifiers were
measured. The lubrication tests were carried out on a semi-Timken apparatus, for example, friction roller
friction – roller, in oils extracted from the gear unit. Sound level tests were performed using the SoundMeter
application with a MIC001 microphone adapter. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the modified
equipment, which was raised to a higher value, and also the noise level of the working gear was reduced. It
has been shown that, in the current operating systems, a method of increasing the lubricant parameters of the
gear oils is required, which translates into the durability of the gear pairs during operation.
WEAR RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEELS AS A RESULT OF BORONISING OPERATIONS
Authors: KALINOWSKA-OZGOWICZ Elżbieta , LENIK Klaudiusz , KORGA Sylwester
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of investigations on the effect of thermochemical treatment, boronising and chemical composition of selected structural steels on their wear in sliding friction process. The operation of boronising on C45, 37CrNiMo, 42CrMo6, 41Cr4, 50CrSi4-4 steels was performed by powder method at 950°C for 8 h. Following this operation, rod sections of the test steels were subjected to quench hardening from 850°C with isothermal holding at 300°C for 1h. The assessment of the construction, thickness and microhardness of boronised layers depending on the level of carbon and alloying elements in chemical composition of analysed steels was made. The testing for wear resistance of steels after boronising was carried out with the sliding friction method by applying a load of 150 N, counter-sample rotational speed of 1000 rpm and using aqueous solution of potassium chromate as a cooling medium. The metallographic observations of the structure and thickness measurement of the boronised layers were carried out using a light microscope, while the identification of phases was made by the X-ray qualitative analysis method. The hardness and microhardness measurements were taken by the Vickers method.
ANALYSIS OF FRICTION JOINING OF PRESSED GRATING FLATS
Authors: KRUPICZ Bazyli , SZYBKA Mariusz , KRUPICZ Paweł
Published: November 2018

The aim of the paper is to analyse the friction forces in joints of pressed platform flat and transverse bars. Actual friction forces could have been determined based on the diagrams of force changes in the process of removal of a transverse bar from a groove in a flat bar. The paper presents diagrams of pressing and removing forces of transverse bars. The measurement of forces has been done for three distances between grooves in flat bars, i.e. 11.1 mm, 22.2 mm, and 33.3 mm. A significant variation of force values has been observed during both pressing and the extrusion of the bars. It has been assumed that one of the main causes of variation is the groove geometry. On the groove, walls there are stamp material shearing areas and breaking areas. The shearing area determines the friction force values.
ANALYSIS OF THE LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY OF A HYDRODYNAMIC WATER-LUBRICATED BEARING IN A HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Authors: OLSZEWSKI Artur , ŻOCHOWSKI Tomasz , GOŁĘBIEWSKI Grzegorz , GOŁĘBIEWSKI Grzegorz
Published: November 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the load-carrying capacity of a historic hydrodynamic water-lubricated radial bearing of an unconventional segment design installed in the Braniewo Hydroelectric Power Plant. The aim of the calculations was to determine whether the bearing operates in the conditions of hydrodynamic or mixed lubrication, as well as to establish the optimal geometry of the axial grooves allowing for the highest load-carrying capacity. Computer simulations were performed using proprietary ARTbear software developed at Machine Design and Vehicles Department of Gdańsk University of Technology. The calculation results led to the creation of the technical documentation of the bearing’s modernization serving to increase its lifespan and reliability.
APPLICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS FOR THE FRICTION PAIR MODIFICATED WITH A BORON
Authors: SZCZYPIŃSKI-SALA Wojciech , LUBAS Janusz
Published: November 2018

In the article, the results of the conducted research were discussed, and the aim was the evaluation of the characteristics of the operation of sliding pairs when vegetable oils are used for lubrication. Particularly, friction pairs with hard layers containing boron were taken into account. For comparison, two of the most common vegetable oils were used during the tests. Rapeseed oil was chosen, since it is most frequently applied in Europe, soybean oil was chosen due to its occurrence in North American areas. The oils are also applied in industry for commercial aims as oil bases for lubricants. The products based on vegetable oils can constitute an alternative for those of mineral origin. However, vegetable oils are characterized by different properties than mineral oils. The most essential issue is the fact that biolubricants are free of sulphurcontaining compounds that can have an unfavourable influence on the health of human beings. The wear measurements were conducted on a block-on-ring test stand T-05. In the sliding pair lubricated with vegetable oils, steel specimen interacted with a counterpart made of bearing alloy. In the second variant of a friction pair, a steel ring specimen with a boronized surface layer was used. The changes of the surface roughness of the specimen and counterpart during operation were evaluated. In the comparative evaluation, the best results were obtained choosing the sample with the hard layer lubricated with soybean oil. In this case, the observed wear of the surface of sliding pairs was the lowest. The lowest friction force and the lowest temperature of the elements of the friction pair also corresponded to this. The application of the TiB2 layer allows reducing the wear of both the sample with the layer and the counterpart with the bearing alloy layer.
A ESCRITA DE SI COMO CONTEXTO FORMATIVO DE UMA PROFESSORA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE SUA IDENTIDADE PROFESSORAL
Authors: da Silva Souza Edvone , Aurimar dos Santos Angelim Jose
Published: November 2018

This article is the product an autobiographical research, seeking to weave theoretical reflections, based on the writings of self, of teachers who are students of a specialization course in youth and adult education, searching, from their narratives, to investigate in what terms the memories of the experiences of teaching of these students / teachers manifest self-formation as training. We use this approach because we understand that life and training stories present a study based on the events, events, knowledge, attitudes and feelings that emerge from a differentiated teaching practice, when adults. For the construction of this narrative, we rely on the possibility of triangulation of data, using the logbook, questionnaires and interviews, seeking to build a solid research. As evidence of the subjects' speeches, we visualized that the option for teaching was already consolidated in the life trajectory of many of the subjects surveyed, confirmed by the feeling of alterity, which allows the subjects to understand and reinforce theories such as Nóvoa (1995), Schön (2000), Tardif (2002) and Freire (2006), who seek to characterize a professional education more focused on human values.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Authors: Williams Shelly M. , Killeen Anthony A.
Published: November 2018

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an acute, life-threatening disease among adults and children that is associated with the initiation of cytoreductive therapy in the treatment of malignancy. A pattern of metabolic derangements occurs as a result of a massive release of intracellular contents into the systemic circulation. Characteristic findings include hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and uremia, all of which can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, renal failure, and sudden death. The incidence of TLS appears to be increasing because of a rapidly growing armamentarium of highly effective biologic and targeted therapies. Risk assessment and prevention are at the forefront of management and rely on clinician awareness, prophylactic measures, and vigilant laboratory monitoring. Established TLS requires early, aggressive intervention with intravenous hydration, electrolyte management, and the use of hypouricemic agents. This review highlights the central role of diagnostic laboratory criteria for TLS, and summarizes the clinical findings, pathophysiology, and evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and management of TLS.
Ovarian Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors: Reflections on a 40-Year Experience With a Fascinating Group of Tumors, Including Comments on the Seminal Observations of Robert E. Scully, MD
Authors: Young Robert H.
Published: November 2018

Context.—

This year being the 60th anniversary of the publication of the excellent book Endocrine Pathology of the Ovary by John McLean Morris, MD, and Robert E. Scully, MD, the writer reflects on that work and in particular the remarkable contributions of its second author to our knowledge in this area.

Objective.—

To review ovarian sex cord–stromal tumors.

Data Sources.—

Literature and personal experience.

Conclusions.—

The essay begins with remarks on the oftentimes straightforward stromal tumors of the ovary because the commonest of them, the fibroma, dominates from the viewpoint of case numbers. Then, the sclerosing stromal tumor and the peculiar so-called luteinized thecomas of the type associated with sclerosing peritonitis are discussed in greater detail and their wide spectrum is illustrated. Brief mention is made of 2 rare neoplasms: the ovarian myxoma and signet-ring stromal tumor. Discussion then turns to the more recently recognized intriguing tumor tentatively designated microcystic stromal tumor and the commonest malignant tumor in this entire family, the so-called adult granulosa cell tumor, which despite its name may occasionally be seen in young individuals. The second variant of granulosa cell tumor—that which usually, but not always, occurs in the young—the so-called juvenile granulosa cell tumor, is then discussed. In the section of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, particular attention is focused on unusual tumors with heterologous elements and the remarkable so-called retiform tumors, which have a predilection for the young, often have distinctive gross features, and exhibit slitlike spaces and papillae. The essay concludes with consideration of the sex cord tumor with annular tubules.
Data Set for the Reporting of Nodal Excisions and Neck Dissection Specimens for Head and Neck Tumors: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting
Authors: Bullock Martin J. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Carlson Diane L. , Fonseca Isabel , Hunt Jennifer L. , Katabi Nora , Sloan Philip , Taylor S. Mark , Williams Michelle D. , Thompson Lester D. R.
Published: November 2018

Standardized, synoptic pathologic reporting for tumors greatly improves communication among clinicians, patients, and researchers, supporting prognostication and comparison about patient outcomes across institutions and countries. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to develop evidence-based, universally available surgical pathology reporting data sets. Within the head and neck region, lymph node excisions and neck dissections are frequently performed as part of the management of head and neck cancers arising from the mucosal sites (sinonasal tract, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx) along with bone tumors, skin cancers, melanomas, and other tumor categories. The type of specimen, exact location (lymph node level), laterality, and orientation (by suture or diagram) are essential to accurate classification. There are significant staging differences for each anatomic site within the head and neck when lymph node sampling is considered, most importantly related to human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal carcinomas and mucosal melanomas. Number, size, and site of affected lymph nodes, including guidelines on determining the size of tumor deposits and the presence of extranodal extension and soft tissue metastasis, are presented in the context of prognostication. This review elaborates on each of the elements included in the data set for Nodal Excisions and Neck Dissection Specimens for Head & Neck Tumours.
The Big Five, aesthetic judgment styles, and art interest
Authors: Afhami Reza , Mohammadi-Zarghan Shahin
Published: November 2018

The current study aimed to examine the associations between the Big Five personality dimensions, aesthetic judgment styles, and art interest. Participants (N = 253) were university students in Tehran, Iran. All participants completed measures of personality, aesthetic Judgment styles, and general interest in art. Results suggested that Openness to Experience was related to advanced styles of art judgment and interest in art-related activities. Regression analyses showed that sex (β = .18, t = 3.18, p = .002), Emotional Stability (β = .14, t = 2.47, p = .01), Openness to Experience (β = .18, t = 3.14, p = .002), symbolic aesthetic judgment style (β = .31, t = 4.63, p < .001), and concrete aesthetic judgment style (β = -.19, t = -3.25, p = .001) significantly predicted art interest. The role of personality and individual difference constructs in aesthetic judgment and art interest is discussed and future directions are outlined.
Self representations and music performance anxiety: A study with professional and amateur musicians
Authors: Castiglione Claudia , Rampullo Alberto , Cardullo Silvia
Published: November 2018

Individual, social and situational factors might play an important role on the experience of anxiety during musical performances. The present research focused on the relationship between self-representations, including musical self, and performance anxiety among a sample of Italian professional and amateur musicians (N = 100; age, M = 23.40, 50% females). We predicted that higher self-discrepancies (actual vs. future self) would be associated with higher performance anxiety in a musical setting (vs. a non musical one), via musical self, and only in professional musicians. The results confirmed our hypothesis. Higher discrepancies between actual and future self-representations were positively associated with higher performance anxiety levels via the musical self only in participants who play instruments at a professional level. Furthermore, musical self influenced performance anxiety levels in a music related setting (i.e., a concert) but not in a non musical one (i.e., an exam).
Apreciação Musical e Envolvimento: Um Estudo Sob a Perspectiva da Teoria do Fluxo
Authors: Stocchero Mariana , Araújo Rosane Cardoso de
Published: November 2018

Este artigo traz como tema a motivação no contexto de aulas de música na educação básica a partir da utilização de atividades de apreciação ativa. O objetivo geral é analisar o envolvimento de crianças em atividades de apreciação musical com base na Teoria do Fluxo (Flow Theory) de Csikszentmihalyi. Para este fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa quase experimental, envolvendo 12 crianças de 8 e 9 anos de idade, pertencentes ao 3o ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola particular de ensino básico da cidade de Curitiba/PR. As categorias de análise utilizadas foram baseadas nos estudos de Csikszentmihalyi e em estudos anteriores sobre experiência de fluxo e prática musical: desafios X habilidades, objetivos claros, concentração, controle da situação e prazer/envolvimento. Como resultado foi possível verificar que as atividades de apreciação musical ativa, realizadas pelas crianças, propiciaram um equilíbrio satisfatório entre desafios e habilidades; geraram um alto nível de concentração além de favorecer a percepção de objetivos claros; desencadearam um sentimento de “controle da situação” por parte das crianças, gerando altos índices de prazer e envolvimento e caracterizando, assim, a possibilidade das crianças vivenciarem o fluxo.
Documentos Oficiais e Educação Musical na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis: da Legislação à Prática
Authors: Borghetti Juliana Lhullier
Published: November 2018

Partindo dos depoimentos de um grupo de professores, neste artigo traça-se um panorama das relações entre as providências e orientações oficiais e a prática de professores de música curricular da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis. Por meio de questionários, os dados obtidos foram analisados à luz da legislação e dos documentos oficiais voltados à educação e à educação musical nos âmbitos federal e municipal. Essa análise demonstrou que o ensino de Música vem se ampliando nas escolas municipais de Florianópolis em consonância com os documentos oficiais, a legislação, de acordo com iniciativas governamentais e dos profissionais da Educação Musical.
Pericentromeric hypomethylation elicits an interferon response in an animal model of ICF syndrome
Authors: Rajshekar Srivarsha , Yao Jun , Arnold Paige K , Payne Sara G , Zhang Yinwen , Bowman Teresa V , Schmitz Robert J , Edwards John R , Goll Mary
Published: November 2018

Pericentromeric satellite repeats are enriched in 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Loss of 5mC at these sequences is common in cancer and is a hallmark of Immunodeficiency, Centromere and Facial abnormalities (ICF) syndrome. While the general importance of 5mC is well-established, the specific functions of 5mC at pericentromeres are less clear. To address this deficiency, we generated a viable animal model of pericentromeric hypomethylation through mutation of the ICF-gene ZBTB24. Deletion of zebrafish zbtb24 caused a progressive loss of 5mC at pericentromeres and ICF-like phenotypes. Hypomethylation of these repeats triggered derepression of pericentromeric transcripts and activation of an interferon-based innate immune response. Injection of pericentromeric RNA is sufficient to elicit this response in wild-type embryos, and mutation of the MDA5-MAVS dsRNA-sensing machinery blocks the response in mutants. These findings identify activation of the innate immune system as an early consequence of pericentromeric hypomethylation, implicating derepression of pericentromeric transcripts as a trigger of autoimmunity.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
TAPBPR mediates peptide dissociation from MHC class I using a leucine lever
Authors: Ilca F Tudor , Neerincx Andreas , Hermann Clemens , Marcu Ana , Stevanović Stefan , Deane Janet E , Boyle Louise H
Published: November 2018

Tapasin and TAPBPR are known to perform peptide editing on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules; however, the precise molecular mechanism(s) involved in this process remain largely enigmatic. Here, using immunopeptidomics in combination with novel cell-based assays that assess TAPBPR-mediated peptide exchange, we reveal a critical role for the K22-D35 loop of TAPBPR in mediating peptide exchange on MHC I. We identify a specific leucine within this loop that enables TAPBPR to facilitate peptide dissociation from MHC I. Moreover, we delineate the molecular features of the MHC I F pocket required for TAPBPR to promote peptide dissociation in a loop-dependent manner. These data reveal that chaperone-mediated peptide editing on MHC I can occur by different mechanisms dependent on the C-terminal residue that the MHC I accommodates in its F pocket and provide novel insights that may inform the therapeutic potential of TAPBPR manipulation to increase tumour immunogenicity.
Rejection of immunogenic tumor clones is limited by clonal fraction
Authors: Gejman Ron S , Chang Aaron Y , Jones Heather F , DiKun Krysta , Hakimi Abraham Ari , Schietinger Andrea , Scheinberg David A
Published: November 2018

Tumors often co-exist with T cells that recognize somatically mutated peptides presented by cancer cells on major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I). However, it is unknown why the immune system fails to eliminate immune-recognizable neoplasms before they manifest as frank disease. To understand the determinants of MHC-I peptide immunogenicity in nascent tumors, we tested the ability of thousands of MHC-I ligands to cause tumor subclone rejection in immunocompetent mice by use of a new ‘PresentER’ antigen presentation platform. Surprisingly, we show that immunogenic tumor antigens do not lead to immune-mediated cell rejection when the fraction of cells bearing each antigen (‘clonal fraction’) is low. Moreover, the clonal fraction necessary to lead to rejection of immunogenic tumor subclones depends on the antigen. These data indicate that tumor neoantigen heterogeneity has an underappreciated impact on immune elimination of cancer cells and has implications for the design of immunotherapeutics such as cancer vaccines.
The spatial separation of processing and transport functions to the interior and periphery of the Golgi stack
Authors: Tie Hieng Chiong , Ludwig Alexander , Sandin Sara , Lu Lei
Published: November 2018

It is unclear how the two principal functions of the Golgi complex, processing and transport, are spatially organized. Studying such spatial organization by optical imaging is challenging, partially due to the dense packing of stochastically oriented Golgi stacks. Using super-resolution microscopy and markers such as Giantin, we developed a method to identify en face and side views of individual nocodazole-induced Golgi mini-stacks. Our imaging uncovered that Golgi enzymes preferentially localize to the cisternal interior, appearing as a central disk or inner-ring, whereas components of the trafficking machinery reside at the periphery of the stack, including the cisternal rim. Interestingly, conventional secretory cargos appeared at the cisternal interior during their intra-Golgi trafficking and transiently localized to the cisternal rim before exiting the Golgi. In contrast, bulky cargos were found only at the rim. Our study therefore directly demonstrates the spatial separation of processing and transport functions within the Golgi complex.
Powerful learning at SEA
Authors: Rowland Gordon , Kitchen-Meyer Allison L.
Published: November 2018

The Sea Education Association (SEA) has an international reputation for creating powerful learning experiences in semester-long programs that involve conducting scientific research while sailing tall ships. To what extent, how and why these experiences occur was studied through interviews, extant data analysis, and participant observation of the SEA Semester program Marine Biodiversity and Conservation. Themes consistent with past studies of powerful learning emerged, for example, authenticity, openness, relationships with others, and intense engagement, while outcomes continued to be highly individual. Relationships among these themes point toward complexity, design, and systemic design and suggest seeds of a theory of powerful learning systems.
Effects of waste stream combinations from brewing industry on performance of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Chia Shaphan Y. , Tanga Chrysantus M. , Osuga Isaac M. , Mohamed Samira A. , Khamis Fathiya M. , Salifu Daisy , Sevgan Subramanian , Fiaboe Komi K.M. , Niassy Saliou , van Loon Joop J.A. , Dicke Marcel , Ekesi Sunday
Published: November 2018

Background

In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing demand for readily accessible substrates for mass production of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens Linnaeus. Beer production results in various by-products that typically end up in uncontrolled dumpsites constituting pollution problems, which merits urgent attention. The present study investigated whether the 12 formulated diets composed of brewers’ spent grains (BSGs), brewers’ yeast and cane molasses can serve as substrate for H. illucens production.

Methods

Four different BSGs were selected and formulated into 12 diets, aiming at varying protein and net energy levels. The diets were offered to newly hatched (∼1 h old) H. illucens larvae and the influence on developmental duration, survival, wet weight, pre-oviposition time, fecundity, and longevity were compared.

Results

Developmental duration of the larvae (16–21 days) and pre-pupae (8–11 days) differed significantly across the different diets. The developmental duration of the pupae (8.7–9.1 days) was not affected by diet. The larval (86–99.2%), pre-pupal (71–95%), and pupal (65–91%) survival rates varied significantly between flies reared on the different diets. The pre-oviposition time was similar for flies provided with water (7–11 days) and 10% sugar solution (8–14 days) or across the different diets. The mean fecundity per female ranged from 324–787 eggs and did not differ between females provided with water or sugar solution. However, the number of eggs laid per female varied significantly across the different diets when provided with water. The longevity of starved H. illucens adults was significantly lower (5 days) compared to those provided with water (11–14 days) or sugar solution (14–15 days).

Discussion

The implications of these findings as part of a quality control procedure for commercial production of high-quality H. illucens larvae as an alternative protein ingredient in livestock and aquaculture feed are discussed.
Anti-predator defences of a bombardier beetle: is bombing essential for successful escape from frogs?
Authors: Sugiura Shinji
Published: November 2018

Some animals, such as the bombardier beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachinini), have evolved chemical defences against predators. When attacked, bombardier beetles can discharge noxious chemicals at temperatures of approximately 100 °C from the tip of their abdomens, “bombing” their attackers. Although many studies to date have investigated how bombardier beetles discharge defensive chemicals against predators, relatively little research has examined how predators modify their attacks on bombardier beetles to avoid being bombed. In this study, I observed the black-spotted pond frogPelophylax nigromaculatus(Anura: Ranidae) attacking the bombardier beetlePheropsophus jessoensisunder laboratory conditions. In Japan,Pe. nigromaculatusis a generalist predator in grasslands where the bombardier beetle frequently occurs. Almost all the frogs (92.9%) observed rejected live bombardier beetles; 67.9% stopped their attacks once their tongues touched the beetles, and 25.0% spat out the beetles immediately after taking the beetles into their mouths. No beetle bombed a frog before being taken into a frog’s mouth. All beetles taken into mouths bombed the frogs. Only 7.1% of the frogs swallowed live bombardier beetles after being bombed in the mouth. When dead beetles were provided instead, 85.7% of the frogs rejected the dead beetles, 71.4% stopped their attacks after their tongues touched the beetles, and 14.3% spat out the beetles. Only 14.3% of the frogs swallowed the dead beetles. The results suggest that the frogs tended to stop their predatory attack before receiving a bombing response from the beetles. Therefore, bombing was not essential for the beetles to successfully defend against the frogs. Using its tongue,Pe. nigromaculatusmay be able to rapidly detect a deterrent chemical or physical characteristics of its potential preyPh. jessoensisand thus avoid injury by stopping its predatory attack before the beetle bombs it.
Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturizedMegaphragmawasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Diakova Anna V. , Makarova Anastasia A. , Polilov Alexey A.
Published: November 2018

One of the major trends in the evolution of parasitoid wasps is miniaturization, which has produced the smallest known insects.Megaphragmaspp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are smaller than some unicellular organisms, with an adult body length of the smallest only 170 µm. Their parasitoid lifestyle depends on retention of a high level of sensory reception comparable to that in parasitoid wasps that may have antennae hundreds of times larger. Antennal sensilla of males and females ofMegaphragma amalphitanumandM. caribeaand females of the parthenogeneticM. mymaripenneare described, including sensillum size, external morphology, and distribution. Eight different morphological types of sensilla were discovered, two of them appearing exclusively on female antennae. Two of the types, sensilla styloconica and aporous placoid sensilla,have not been described previously. Regression analyses were performed to detect and evaluate possible miniaturization trends by comparing available data for species of larger parasitoid wasps. The number of antennal sensilla was found to decrease with the body size;M. amalphitanummales have only 39 sensilla per antenna. The number of antennal sensilla types and sizes of the sensilla, however, show little to no correlation with the body size. Our findings on the effects of miniaturization on the antennal sensilla ofMegaphragmaprovide material for discussion on the limits to the reduction of insect antenna.
РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ БОЛОТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЯМНИЦКАЯ ЧИСТЬ (ЛЕНИНГРАДСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ), "Ботанический журнал"
Authors: Смагин В. А. , Стёпочкина О. Е. , Доронина А. Ю. , Дорошина Г. Я. , Кузьмина Е.Ю. , РЕЗНИКОВ А. И.
Published: November 2018

Приводятся результаты первичного исследования болотной системы Ямницкая Чисть, а также ближайших ее окрестностей, осуществленного авторами статьи в 2015 г. Ранее опубликованные сведения с описанием этой территории отсутствовали. Болотная система Ямницкая Чисть расположена на юго-востоке Ленинградской обл. (Бокситогорский р-н) в границах планируемой к созданию одноименной особо охраняемой природной территории (ООПТ) регионального значения, занимая основную ее площадь. Особенности болотной системы обусловлены положением на наклонной поверхности равнины, примыкающей с юга к Вепсовской возвышенности, а также, по-видимому, обширными торфяными пожарами в прошлом. Слагающие болотную систему разнотипные болотные массивы, среди которых встречаются редкие для Ленинградской обл. типы болот, имеют заметный уклон поверхности, что отражается на ландшафтной структуре и характере растительного покрова. Болотная система окружена лесами, эталонными для юго-востока Ленинградской обл. и представляющими весь спектр южнотаежных лесных ассоциаций. На территории болотной системы и в окружающих ее лесах обнаружены редкие виды сосудистых растений, мхов, лишайников и грибов - Betula humilis, Epipogium aphyllum, Pulsatilla patens, Sphagnum palustre, Pylaisia selwynii, Heterogemma laxa, Lobaria pulmonaria, Hericium coralloides и др.
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФИТОЦЕНОЛОГИИ В 10-30-Х ГОДАХ XX ВЕКА, "Ботанический журнал"
Authors: Василевич В. И.
Published: November 2018

Началом фитоценологии как науки можно считать Международный ботанический конгресс 1910 г. в Брюсселе, на котором комиссия по фитогеографии представила свои предложения по номенклатуре основных понятий этой науки: растительное сообщество, растительная формация, ассоциация. Новая наука получила название «фитосоциология». В этом же году В. Н. Сукачев (1910) в докладе на XII съезде русских естествоиспытателей и врачей дал развернутое определение растительного сообщества, в котором подчеркнул наличие взаимоотношений как между растениями, так и между ними и определенными условиями существования. Это сильно отличает позицию Сукачева, делая ее более экологической. В дискуссии 1934 г. В. Н. Сукачев впервые использовал термин «фитоценология» вместо «фитосоциология», а термин «фитоценоз» вместо «сообщества». В его докладе впервые прозвучали критические высказывания в адрес англо-американской, швейцарской и шведской школ. В. Н. Сукачев много внимания уделял классификации растительности, настаивая на сходстве фитоценозов одной ассоциации по большому числу признаков, но в его работах ассоциации хорошо очерчены экологически. К сожалению, его последователи нередко выделяли громадное число плохо отличающихся друг от друга ассоциаций. Во второй половине 1930-х годов возросла изоляция советской фитоценологии, прекратились публикации в иностранных журналах, меньше цитировались иностранные работы в русскоязычных публикациях. Но и другие фитоценологические школы также развивались независимо друг от друга до начала «глобализации» в 1980-х годах, в которой российская фитоценология принимает очень скромное участие.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЗАРАЖЕНИЯ ЦЕСТОДОЙ PROTEOCEPHALUS TORULOSUS BATSCH, 1786 НА АКТИВНОСТЬ ФЕРМЕНТОВ В КИШЕЧНИКЕ СИНЦА (BALLERUS BALLERUS L.), "Паразитология"
Authors: Фролова Т.В. , Извекова Г.И.
Published: November 2018

Определена активность пищеварительных ферментов (протеиназ и гликозидаз) слизистой оболочки кишечника синца (Ballerus ballerus L.). Установлено, что при заражении цестодами Proteocephalus torulosus Batsch, 1786 активность протеиназ слизистой оболочки кишечника синца снижается, гликозидаз - повышается, а сахаразы - не изменяется. При этом снижение протеолитической активности происходит главным образом за счет снижения доли сериновых протеиназ и металлопротеиназ. Выявлена способность экстракта P. torulosus ингибировать протеолитическую активность слизистой оболочки кишечника хозяина и коммерческого препарата трипсина in vitro.
ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ МИКСОСПОРИДИЙ (MYXOZOA: MYXOSPOREA) РЫБ БАССЕЙНА ОЗЕРА БАЙКАЛ, "Паразитология"
Authors: Батуева М.Д.
Published: November 2018

Приводится список миксоспоридий, паразитирующих у рыб бассейна оз. Байкал, с указанием хозяев и авторов первых находок вида. Данные паразиты встречаются у 51 вида рыб. Список включает 72 вида миксоспоридий. Проведен анализ распределения миксоспоридий по экологическим зонам озера.
ПАМЯТИ НАТАЛЬИ АЛЕКСАНДРОВНЫ ФИЛИППОВОЙ (1930-2018) - КРАТКАЯ НА0ЧНАЯ БИОБЛИОГРАФИЯ, "Паразитология"
Authors: Медведев С. Г.
Published: November 2018

Наталья Александровна Филиппова (15.02.1930-07.01.2018) - доктор биологических наук, скончалась на 88-м году жизни. Вся трудовая деятельность Натальи Александровны связана с Зоологическим институтом Российской академии наук (ЗИН РАН, С.-Петербург). Н. А. Филиппова являлась крупнейшим специалистом в области систематики, зоогеографии, морфологии, экологии и микроэволюции иксодовых и аргазовых клещей.
АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ АКТИВНОСТИ МАТРИКСНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОПРОТЕИНАЗ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ХОНДРОГЕННОЙ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВКИ ЛИНИИ МЕЗЕНХИМНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ ВАРТОНОВА СТУДНЯ ПУПОЧНОГО КАНАТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА, "Цитология"
Authors: Воронкина И.В. , Смагина Л.В. , Гин И. И. , Крылова Т. А. , Мусорина А. С. , Полянская Г.Г.
Published: November 2018

С целью изучения механизмов дифференцировки мезенхимных стволовых клеток (МСК) человека проведено исследование динамики активностей матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММП) 1, 2, 8, 9 и 13, экспрессии маркеров хондрогенеза (коллагена II типа и аггрекана) и некоторых компонентов внеклеточного матрикса (ВКМ) в процессе хондрогенеза клеточной линии MSCWJ-1, выделенной из Вартонова студня пупочного канатика, и изначально представленной монослойной (2D) культурой и клеточными сфероидами (3D). Анализ обоих вариантов линии MSCWJ-1 при культивировании в индукционной среде в течение 21 сут в культуре микромасс показал наличие хондрогенной дифференцировки. Тем не менее в 3D-кyльтyре процесс хондрогенеза был более интенсивным, чем в монослойной (2D) культуре. Сравнительный анализ активности ММП свидетельствует о снижении активности ММП-1, -2 и -9 в процессе дифференцировки, но характер снижения у этих ММП различен. Экспрессия маркеров хондрогенеза (коллагена II типа и аггрекана) значительно увеличивается в процессе дифференцировки в течение 21 сут в 2D- и 3D-вариантах линии MSCWJ-1. Одновременно анализировали содержание в лизатах клеток и кондиционированной среде таких компонентов ВКМ, как коллаген I типа, хондроитинсульфат (ХС) и декорин. При этом количество коллагена I типа и ХС снижалось в процессе дифференцировки, а количество декорина, наоборот, значительно увеличивалось. Показано, что клетки линии MSCWJ-1 при индукции хондрогенной дифференцировки кроме маркеров хондрогенеза синтезируют также коллаген I типа и декорин, что характерно для волокнистого хряща.
МЕХАНИЗМ СВОРАЧИВАНИЯ ТРАНСАКТИВАЦИОННОГО ДОМЕНА Е-БЕЛКОВ ПРИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ С KIX-ДОМЕНОМ КОАКТИВАТОРА ТРАНСКРИПЦИИ CBP, "Цитология"
Authors: Фонин А.В. , Шарма Н. , Силонов С. А. , Шпиронок О. Г. , Туроверов К.К. , Уверский В.Н. , Гири Р. , Кузнецова И.М.
Published: November 2018

Внутренне неупорядоченные белки, неспособные образовывать компактную упорядоченную структуру за счет самоорганизации, могут подвергаться компактизации при взаимодействии с партнерами, если свободная энергия возникающего комплекса меньше свободной энергии белка и партнера до взаимодействия. В частности, при комплексообразовании неупорядоченного трансактивационного домена белков Е-семейства с KIX-доменом коактиватора транскрипции CBP TAD претерпевает конформационный переход типа неупорядоченный клубок-спираль. В настоящей работе охарактеризованы конформационные изменения TAD и его мутантной формы L20P в различных растворителях. Это позволило установить механизм упорядочивания структуры этого домена. Показано, что условия макромолекулярного краудинга, создаваемого высококонцентрированными растворами полиэтиленгликоля, изменение рН, ионной силы раствора, а также присутствие осмолитов (саркозина и таурина) не вызывают компактизации структуры TAD. В то же время существенное упорядочивание структуры TAD было зарегистрировано в растворах TMAO и в растворах спиртов - TFE, этанола и HFIP. Полученные данные позволили заключить, что упорядочивание TAD обусловлено его дегидратацией. Соответственно мы предположили, что приобретение TAD альфа-спиральной структуры при связывании с KIX также обусловлено вытеснением воды из ближайшего окружения TAD. Для проверки этой гипотезы была исследована структура мутантной формы TAD с заменой L20P в различных растворителях. Известно, что эта замена ослабляет взаимодействие белков Е-семейства с KIX. Показано, что структура мутантной формы TAD/L20P практически не изменяется в растворах спиртов. Эти данные подтвердили наше предположение об упорядочивании TAD при взаимодействии с KIX вследствие дегидратации taD.