bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silane-catalysed fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Tang Shujie , Wang Haomin , Wang Hui Shan , Sun Qiujuan , Zhang Xiuyun , Cong Chunxiao , Xie Hong , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhou Xiaohao , Huang Fuqiang , Chen Xiaoshuang , Yu Ting , Ding Feng , Xie Xiaoming , Jiang Mianheng
Published: March 2015

The direct growth of high-quality, large single-crystalline domains of graphene on a dielectric substrate is of vital importance for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Traditionally, graphene domains grown on dielectrics are typically only ~1 μm with a growth rate of ~1 nm min−1 or less, the main reason is the lack of a catalyst. Here we show that silane, serving as a gaseous catalyst, is able to boost the graphene growth rate to ~1 μm min−1, thereby promoting graphene domains up to 20 μm in size to be synthesized via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Hall measurements show that the mobility of the sample reaches 20,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, which is among the best for CVD-grown graphene. Combining the advantages of both catalytic CVD and the ultra-flat dielectric substrate, gaseous catalyst-assisted CVD paves the way for synthesizing high-quality graphene for device applications while avoiding the transfer process.
Multiple-length-scale deformation analysis in a thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Sui Tan , Baimpas Nikolaos , Dolbnya Igor P. , Prisacariu Cristina , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: March 2015

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers enjoy an exceptionally wide range of applications due to their remarkable versatility. These block co-polymers are used here as an example of a structurally inhomogeneous composite containing nano-scale gradients, whose internal strain differs depending on the length scale of consideration. Here we present a combined experimental and modelling approach to the hierarchical characterization of block co-polymer deformation. Synchrotron-based small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and radiography are used for strain evaluation across the scales. Transmission electron microscopy image-based finite element modelling and fast Fourier transform analysis are used to develop a multi-phase numerical model that achieves agreement with the combined experimental data using a minimal number of adjustable structural parameters. The results highlight the importance of fuzzy interfaces, that is, regions of nanometre-scale structure and property gradients, in determining the mechanical properties of hierarchical composites across the scales.
Microstructural Abnormalities in Children with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study at 3.0T
Authors: Lei Du , Li Lingjiang , Li Lei , Suo Xueling , Huang Xiaoqi , Lui Su , Li Jing , Bi Feng , Kemp Graham J. , Gong Qiyong
Published: March 2015

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. Brain microstructure abnormalities in PTSD, especially in children, are not yet well characterized. The aim of this study was to use MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to identify brain microstructure alterations in children with PTSD compared to non-PTSD controls who experienced the same time-limited trauma. We studied 27 children with PTSD and 24 age- and gender-matched traumatized controls without PTSD, who all experienced the 2008 Sichuan major earthquake. DTI data were acquired and analyzed in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). Children with PTSD showed an abnormal pattern, not only of FA, but also of the diffusivity measures MD, AD and RD. Most of the abnormal brain regions belonged to two important networks: the default-mode network, including precuneus and angular gyrus and the salience network, including insula, putamen and thalamus. This DTI study identifies microstructural abnormalities of children with PTSD after a major earthquake, our results are consistent with the suggestion that pediatric PTSD is accompanied by a connectivity disequilibrium between the salience and default-mode networks, a finding of potential pathophysiological significance.
Segmentation of biological multivariate time-series data
Authors: Omranian Nooshin , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: March 2015

Time-series data from multicomponent systems capture the dynamics of the ongoing processes and reflect the interactions between the components. The progression of processes in such systems usually involves check-points and events at which the relationships between the components are altered in response to stimuli. Detecting these events together with the implicated components can help understand the temporal aspects of complex biological systems. Here we propose a regularized regression-based approach for identifying breakpoints and corresponding segments from multivariate time-series data. In combination with techniques from clustering, the approach also allows estimating the significance of the determined breakpoints as well as the key components implicated in the emergence of the breakpoints. Comparative analysis with the existing alternatives demonstrates the power of the approach to identify biologically meaningful breakpoints in diverse time-resolved transcriptomics data sets from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
Wrinkle motifs in thin films
Authors: Budrikis Zoe , Sellerio Alessandro L. , Bertalan Zsolt , Zapperi Stefano
Published: March 2015

On length scales from nanometres to metres, partial adhesion of thin films with substrates generates a fascinating variety of patterns, such as ‘telephone cord’ buckles, wrinkles and labyrinth domains. Although these patterns are part of everyday experience and are important in industry, they are not completely understood. Here, we report simulation studies of a previously-overlooked phenomenon in which pairs of wrinkles form avoiding pairs, focusing on the case of graphene over patterned substrates. By nucleating and growing wrinkles in a controlled way, we characterize how their morphology is determined by stress fields in the sheet and friction with the substrate. Our simulations uncover the generic behaviour of avoiding wrinkle pairs that should be valid at all scales.
Monolithic DSSC/CIGS tandem solar cell fabricated by a solution process
Authors: Moon Sung Hwan , Park Se Jin , Kim Sang Hoon , Lee Min Woo , Han Jisu , Kim Jin Young , Kim Honggon , Hwang Yun Jeong , Lee Doh-Kwon , Min Byoung Koun
Published: March 2015

Tandem architecture between organic (dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC) and inorganic (CuInGaSe2 thin film solar cell, CIGS) single-junction solar cells was constructed particularly based on a solution process. Arc-plasma deposition was employed for the Pt interfacial layer to minimize the damage to the layers of the CIGS bottom cell. Solar cell efficiency of 13% was achieved, which is significant progress from individual single-junction solar cells (e.g., 7.25 and 6.2% for DSSC and CIGS, respectively).
Hall and field-effect mobilities in few layered p-WSe2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Pradhan N. R. , Rhodes D. , Memaran S. , Poumirol J. M. , Smirnov D. , Talapatra S. , Feng S. , Perea-Lopez N. , Elias A. L. , Terrones M. , Ajayan P. M. , Balicas L.
Published: March 2015

Here, we present a temperature (T) dependent comparison between field-effect and Hall mobilities in field-effect transistors based on few-layered WSe2 exfoliated onto SiO2. Without dielectric engineering and beyond a T-dependent threshold gate-voltage, we observe maximum hole mobilities approaching 350 cm2/Vs at T = 300 K. The hole Hall mobility reaches a maximum value of 650 cm2/Vs as T is lowered below ~150 K, indicating that insofar WSe2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) display the largest Hall mobilities among the transition metal dichalcogenides. The gate capacitance, as extracted from the Hall-effect, reveals the presence of spurious charges in the channel, while the two-terminal sheet resistivity displays two-dimensional variable-range hopping behavior, indicating carrier localization induced by disorder at the interface between WSe2 and SiO2. We argue that improvements in the fabrication protocols as, for example, the use of a substrate free of dangling bonds are likely to produce WSe2-based FETs displaying higher room temperature mobilities, i.e. approaching those of p-doped Si, which would make it a suitable candidate for high performance opto-electronics.
Multi-scale modeling for the transmission of influenza and the evaluation of interventions toward it
Authors: Guo Dongmin , Li King C. , Peters Timothy R. , Snively Beverly M. , Poehling Katherine A. , Zhou Xiaobo
Published: March 2015

Mathematical modeling of influenza epidemic is important for analyzing the main cause of the epidemic and finding effective interventions towards it. The epidemic is a dynamic process. In this process, daily infections are caused by people's contacts and the frequency of contacts can be mainly influenced by their cognition to the disease. The cognition is in turn influenced by daily illness attack rate, climate and other environment factors. Few existing methods considered the dynamic process in their models. Therefore, their prediction results can hardly be explained by the mechanisms of epidemic spreading. In this paper, we developed a heterogeneous graph modeling approach (HGM) to describe the dynamic process of influenza virus transmission by taking advantage of our unique clinical data. We built social network of studied region and embedded an Agent-Based Model (ABM) in the HGM to describe the dynamic change of an epidemic. Our simulations have a good agreement with clinical data. Parameter sensitivity analysis showed that temperature influences the dynamic of epidemic significantly and system behavior analysis showed social network degree is a critical factor determining the size of an epidemic. Finally, multiple scenarios for vaccination and school closure strategies were simulated and their performance was analyzed.
Bilberry extract (Antho 50) selectively induces redox-sensitive caspase 3-related apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by targeting the Bcl-2/Bad pathway
Authors: Alhosin Mahmoud , León-González Antonio J. , Dandache Israa , Lelay Agnès , Rashid Sherzad K. , Kevers Claire , Pincemail Joël , Fornecker Luc-Matthieu , Mauvieux Laurent , Herbrecht Raoul , Schini-Kerth Valérie B.
Published: March 2015

Defect in apoptosis has been implicated as a major cause of resistance to chemotherapy observed in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B CLL). This study evaluated the pro-apoptotic effect of an anthocyanin-rich dietary bilberry extract (Antho 50) on B CLL cells from 30 patients and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects and determined the underlying mechanism. Antho 50 induced concentration- and time-dependent pro-apoptotic effects in B CLL cells but little or no effect in PBMCs. Among the main phenolic compounds of the bilberry extract, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside induced a pro-apoptotic effect. Antho 50-induced apoptosis is associated with activation of caspase 3, down-regulation of UHRF1, a rapid dephosphorylation of Akt and Bad and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Antho 50 significantly induced PEG-catalase-sensitive formation of reactive oxygen species in B CLL cells. PEG-catalase prevented the Antho 50-induced induction of apoptosis and related signaling. The present findings indicate that Antho 50 exhibits strong pro-apoptotic activity through redox-sensitive caspase 3 activation-related mechanism in B CLL cells involving dysregulation of the Bad/Bcl-2 pathway. This activity of Antho 50 involves the glucoside and rutinoside derivatives of delphinidin. They further suggest that Antho 50 has chemotherapeutic potential by targeting selectively B CLL cells.
Fe(NO3)3-assisted large-scale synthesis of Si3N4 nanobelts from quartz and graphite by carbothermal reduction–nitridation and their photoluminescence properties
Authors: Liu Shuyue , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui , Huang Juntong , Ji Haipeng , Liu Haitao , Liu Yan-gai , Wu Xiaowen
Published: March 2015

The large-scale synthesis of Si3N4nanobelts from quartz and graphite on a graphite-felt substrate was successfully achieved by catalyst-assisted carbothermal reduction–nitridation. The phase composition, morphology and microstructure of Si3N4nanobelts were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Si3N4nanobelts were ~4–5 mm long and ~60 nm thick and exhibited smooth surfaces and flexible shapes. The Si3N4nanobelts were well crystallized and grow along the [101] direction. The growth is dominated by the combined mechanisms of vapor–liquid–solid base growth and vapor–solid tip growth. The Fe(NO3)3played a crucial role in promoting the nanobelt formation in the initial stage. The room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of Si3N4nanobelts consists of three emission peaks centered at 413, 437 and 462 nm, indicating potential applications in optoelectronic nanodevices.
Lysosomal Targeting with Stable and Sensitive Fluorescent Probes (Superior LysoProbes): Applications for Lysosome Labeling and Tracking during Apoptosis
Authors: Chen Xin , Bi Yue , Wang Tianyang , Li Pengfei , Yan Xin , Hou Shanshan , Bammert Catherine E. , Ju Jingfang , Gibson K. Michael , Pavan William J. , Bi Lanrong
Published: March 2015

Intracellular pH plays an important role in the response to cancer invasion. We have designed and synthesized a series of new fluorescent probes (Superior LysoProbes) with the capacity to label acidic organelles and monitor lysosomal pH. Unlike commercially available fluorescent dyes, Superior LysoProbes are lysosome-specific and are highly stable. The use of Superior LysoProbes facilitates the direct visualization of the lysosomal response to lobaplatin elicited in human chloangiocarcinoma (CCA) RBE cells, using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, we have characterized the role of lysosomes in autophagy, the correlation between lysosome function and microtubule strength and the alteration of lysosomal morphology during apoptosis. Our findings indicate that Superior LysoProbes offer numerous advantages over previous reagents to examine the intracellular activities of lysosomes.
Fast discharge process of layered cobalt oxides due to high Na+ diffusion
Authors: Shibata Takayuki , Fukuzumi Yuya , Kobayashi Wataru , Moritomo Yutaka
Published: March 2015

Sodium ion secondary battery (SIB) is a low-cost and ubiquitous secondary battery for next-generation large-scale energy storage. The diffusion process of large Na+ (ionic radius is 1.12 Å), however, is considered to be slower than that of small Li+ (0.76 Å). This would be a serious disadvantage of SIB as compared with the Lithium ion secondary battery (LIB). By means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we determined the diffusion constant (D) of Na+ in thin films of O3- and P2-type NaCoO2 with layered structures. We found that the D values (~ 0.5–1.5 × 10−10 cm2/s) of Na+ are higher than those (< 1 × 10−11 cm2/s) of Li+ in layered LiCoO2. Especially, the D values of O3-NaCoO2 are even higher than those of P2-NaCoO2, probably because O3-NaCoO2 shows successive structural phase transitions from the O3, O’3, P’3, to P3 phases with Na+ deintercalation. We further found that the activation energy (ED ~ 0.4 eV) for the Na+ diffusion is significantly low in these layered cobalt oxides. We found a close relation between the relative capacity and the renormalized discharge rate ( = L2/DT, where L and T are the film thickness and discharge time, respectively).
Causal evidence between monsoon and evolution of rhizomyine rodents
Authors: López-Antoñanzas Raquel , Knoll Fabien , Wan Shiming , Flynn Lawrence J.
Published: March 2015

The modern Asian monsoonal systems are currently believed to have originated around the end of the Oligocene following a crucial step of uplift of the Tibetan-Himalayan highlands. Although monsoon possibly drove the evolution of many mammal lineages during the Neogene, no evidence thereof has been provided so far. We examined the evolutionary history of a clade of rodents, the Rhizomyinae, in conjunction with our current knowledge of monsoon fluctuations over time. The macroevolutionary dynamics of rhizomyines were analyzed within a well-constrained phylogenetic framework coupled with biogeographic and evolutionary rate studies. The evolutionary novelties developed by these rodents were surveyed in parallel with the fluctuations of the Indian monsoon so as to evaluate synchroneity and postulate causal relationships. We showed the existence of three drops in biodiversity during the evolution of rhizomyines, all of which reflected elevated extinction rates. Our results demonstrated linkage of monsoon variations with the evolution and biogeography of rhizomyines. Paradoxically, the evolution of rhizomyines was accelerated during the phases of weakening of the monsoons, not of strengthening, most probably because at those intervals forest habitats declined, which triggered extinction and progressive specialization toward a burrowing existence.
STAT3 controls IL6-dependent regulation of serotonin transporter function and depression-like behavior
Authors: Kong Eryan , Sucic Sonja , Monje Francisco J. , Reisinger Sonali N. , Savalli Giorgia , Diao Weifei , Khan Deeba , Ronovsky Marianne , Cabatic Maureen , Koban Florian , Freissmuth Michael , Pollak Daniela D.
Published: March 2015

Experimental evidence suggests a role for the immune system in the pathophysiology of depression. A specific involvement of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) in both, patients suffering from the disease and pertinent animal models, has been proposed. However, it is not clear how IL6 impinges on neurotransmission and thus contributes to depression. Here we tested the hypothesis that IL6-induced modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission through the STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the role of IL6 in depression. Addition of IL6 to JAR cells, endogenously expressing SERT, reduced SERT activity and downregulated SERT mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, SERT expression was reduced upon IL6 treatment in the mouse hippocampus. Conversely, hippocampal tissue of IL6-KO mice contained elevated levels of SERT and IL6-KO mice displayed a reduction in depression-like behavior and blunted response to acute antidepressant treatment. STAT3 IL6-dependently associated with the SERT promoter and inhibition of STAT3 blocked the effect of IL6 in-vitro and modulated depression-like behavior in-vivo. These observations demonstrate that IL6 directly controls SERT levels and consequently serotonin reuptake and identify STAT3-dependent regulation of SERT as conceivable neurobiological substrate for the involvement of IL6 in depression.
Nonlinear resonance-assisted tunneling induced by microcavity deformation
Authors: Kwak Hojeong , Shin Younghoon , Moon Songky , Lee Sang-Bum , Yang Juhee , An Kyungwon
Published: March 2015

Noncircular two-dimensional microcavities support directional output and strong confinement of light, making them suitable for various photonics applications. It is now of primary interest to control the interactions among the cavity modes since novel functionality and enhanced light-matter coupling can be realized through intermode interactions. However, the interaction Hamiltonian induced by cavity deformation is basically unknown, limiting practical utilization of intermode interactions. Here we present the first experimental observation of resonance-assisted tunneling in a deformed two-dimensional microcavity. It is this tunneling mechanism that induces strong inter-mode interactions in mixed phase space as their strength can be directly obtained from a separatrix area in the phase space of intracavity ray dynamics. A selection rule for strong interactions is also found in terms of angular quantum numbers. Our findings, applicable to other physical systems in mixed phase space, make the interaction control more accessible.
Sumoylation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α is implicated in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell development through regulating runx1 in zebrafish
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhang Tao , Liu Xiaohui , Deng Min , Zhang Wenqing , Wen Zilong , Chen Saijuan , Chen Zhu , de The Hugues , Zhou Jun , Zhu Jun
Published: March 2015

The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) participates in various cellular processes, including maintenance of genome integrity, nuclear transport, transcription and signal transduction. However, the biological function of sumoylation in hematopoiesis has not been fully explored. We show here that definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are depleted in SUMO-deficient zebrafish embryos. Impairment of sumoylation attenuates HSPC generation and proliferation. The hyposumoylation triggered HSPC defects are CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα) dependent. Critically, a SUMO-C/ebpα fusion rescues the defective hematopoiesis in SUMO-deficient embryos, at least in part through restored runx1 expression. While C/ebpα-dependent transcription is involved in myeloid differentiation, our studies here reveal that C/ebpα sumoylation is essential for HSPC development during definitive hematopoiesis.
Interferon-α inducible protein 6 impairs EGFR activation by CD81 and inhibits hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Meyer Keith , Kwon Young-Chan , Liu Shuanghu , Hagedorn Curt H. , Ray Ratna B. , Ray Ranjit
Published: March 2015

Viral entry requires co-operative interactions of several host cell factors. Interferon (IFN) and the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) play a central role in antiviral responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We examined the effect of interferon-α inducible protein 6 (IFI6) against HCV infection in human hepatoma cells. HCV RNA level or infectious foci were inhibited significantly by ectopic expression of IFI6. IFI6 impaired CD81 co-localization with claudin-1 (CLDN1) upon HCV infection or CD81 cross-linking by specific antibody. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a co-factor involved in CD81/CLDN1 interactions, was reduced in IFI6 expressing cells in response to HCV infection or CD81 cross linking by antibody, but not by treatment with EGF. Taken together, the results from our study support a model where IFI6 inhibits HCV entry by impairing EGFR mediated CD81/CLDN1 interactions. This may be relevant to other virus entry processes employing EGFR.
Complete magnesiothermic reduction reaction of vertically aligned mesoporous silica channels to form pure silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hwan , Lee Dong Jin , Cho Kyeong Min , Kim Seon Joon , Park Jung-Ki , Jung Hee-Tae
Published: March 2015

Owing to its simplicity and low temperature conditions, magnesiothermic reduction of silica is one of the most powerful methods for producing silicon nanostructures. However, incomplete reduction takes place in this process leaving unconverted silica under the silicon layer. This phenomenon limits the use of this method for the rational design of silicon structures. In this effort, a technique that enables complete magnesiothermic reduction of silica to form silicon has been developed. The procedure involves magnesium promoted reduction of vertically oriented mesoporous silica channels on reduced graphene oxides (rGO) sheets. The mesopores play a significant role in effectively enabling magnesium gas to interact with silica through a large number of reaction sites. Utilizing this approach, highly uniform, ca. 10 nm sized silicon nanoparticles are generated without contamination by unreacted silica. The new method for complete magnesiothermic reduction of mesoporous silica approach provides a foundation for the rational design of silicon structures.
In vivo CaspaseTracker biosensor system for detecting anastasis and non-apoptotic caspase activity
Authors: Tang Ho Lam , Tang Ho Man , Fung Ming Chiu , Hardwick J. Marie
Published: March 2015

The discovery that mammalian cells can survive late-stage apoptosis challenges the general assumption that active caspases are markers of impending death. However, tools have not been available to track healthy cells that have experienced caspase activity at any time in the past. Therefore, to determine if cells in whole animals can undergo reversal of apoptosis, known as anastasis, we developed a dual color CaspaseTracker system for Drosophila to identify cells with ongoing or past caspase activity. Transient exposure of healthy females to environmental stresses such as cold shock or starvation activated the CaspaseTracker coincident with caspase activity and apoptotic morphologies in multiple cell types of developing egg chambers. Importantly, when stressed flies were returned to normal conditions, morphologically healthy egg chambers and new progeny flies were labeled by the biosensor, suggesting functional recovery from apoptotic caspase activation. In striking contrast to developing egg chambers, which lack basal caspase biosensor activation under normal conditions, many adult tissues of normal healthy flies exhibit robust caspase biosensor activity in a portion of cells, including neurons. The widespread persistence of CaspaseTracker-positivity implies that healthy cells utilize active caspases for non-apoptotic physiological functions during and after normal development.
MNAzyme-catalyzed nucleic acid detection enhanced by a cationic copolymer
Authors: Gao Jueyuan , Shimada Naohiko , Maruyama Atsushi
Published: March 2015

The cationic comb-type copolymer, PLL-g-Dex, enhanced multiple-turnover reactivity of multi-component nucleic acid enzymes (MNAzymes) by 200 times.
Achieving optimum carrier concentrations in p-doped SnS thermoelectrics
Authors: Bhattacharya Sandip , Gunda N. S. Harsha , Stern Robin , Jacobs Stéphane , Chmielowski Radoslaw , Dennler Gilles , Madsen Georg K. H.
Published: March 2015

Tin(ii)sulfide, SnS, is a commercially viable and environmentally friendly thermoelectric material. This work is a comprehensive guide to achieve effective p-doped SnS.
Towards single molecule switches
Authors: Zhang Jia Lin , Zhong Jian Qiang , Lin Jia Dan , Hu Wen Ping , Wu Kai , Xu Guo Qin , Wee Andrew T. S. , Chen Wei
Published: March 2015

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) controlled reversible switching of a single-dipole molecule imbedded in hydrogen-bonded binary molecular networks on graphite.
Synthesis of dibenzothiophene-based host materials with a dimesitylborane substituent and their green PHOLED performances
Authors: Na Yoon-Jung , Song Wook , Lee Jun Yeob , Hwang Seok-Ho
Published: March 2015

Two structural isomers composed by linking between dibenzothiophene and dimesitylborane moieties on the phenyl group were synthesized and showed similar green device performance regardless of their different linkage positions.
Antireflective gradient-refractive-index material-distributed microstructures with high haze and superhydrophilicity for silicon-based optoelectronic applications
Authors: Choi Minkyu , Leem Jung Woo , Yu Jae Su
Published: March 2015

Antireflective gradient-refractive-index material-distributed microstructures consisting of hierarchical MgF2/SU8 MCs/Si with high haze and superhydrophilicity.
Double-edged sword in cells: chemical biology studies of the vital role of cytochrome c in the intrinsic pre-apoptotic mitochondria leakage pathway
Authors: Wang Zhi-Peng , Ding Xiao-Zhe , Wang Jun , Li Yi-Ming
Published: March 2015

Besides functioning as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytochrome c (cyt c) is also one of the determinants in the execution of cell death.
Performance studies of PEI/SPEI blend ultra-filtration membranes via surface modification using cSMM additives
Authors: Kanagaraj P. , Neelakandan S. , Nagendran A. , Rana D. , Matsuura T. , Muthumeenal A.
Published: March 2015

Sulfonated poly(ether imide) and charged surface modifying macromolecules were synthesized, characterized and blended into a casting solution of poly(ether imide) in different amounts to develop surface modified ultra-filtration membranes by means of improved hydrophilicity.
Enhanced p-nitrophenol removal in a membrane-free bio-contact coupled bioelectrochemical system
Authors: Lou Shuai , Jiang Xinbai , Chen Dan , Shen Jinyou , Han Weiqing , Sun Xiuyun , Li Jiansheng , Wang Lianjun
Published: March 2015

In this study, a membrane-free bio-contact coupled bioelectrochemical system (BC-BES) was established for the enhanced reductive transformation of p-nitrophenol (PNP).
Recovery of absorbance spectra of micrometer-sized biological and inanimate particles
Authors: Lukacs R. , Blümel R. , Zimmerman B. , Bağcıoğlu M. , Kohler A.
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we first provide an overview of the Mie type scattering at absorbing materials and existing correction methods, followed by a new method to obtain the pure absorbance spectra of biological systems with spherical symmetry.
Direct determination of the oxygen 18 stable isotope ratio of in situ water contained in pasty matrices
Authors: Guyon Francois , Gaillard Laetitia , Sabathié Nathalie , Salagoity Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2015

Quantification of the oxygen 18 isotope ratio of in situ water without any water extraction using a commercial IRMS system.
A novel inorganic mesoporous material with a nematic structure derived from nanocrystalline cellulose as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Jun-Hui , Zhang Mei , Xie Sheng-Ming , He Pin-Gang , Yuan Li-Ming
Published: March 2015

Chiral nematic mesoporous silica (CNMS) was first used as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of positional isomers with excellent selectivity.
From slow to fast – the user controls the rate of the release of molecules from masked forms using a photoswitch and different types of light
Authors: Warford C. Chad , Carling Carl-Johan , Branda Neil R.
Published: March 2015

Light-gated release of a small molecule increases when exposed to UV or visible light.
A reusable microRNA sensor based on the electrocatalytic property of heteroduplex-templated copper nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Zhaoyin , Si Ling , Bao Jianchun , Dai Zhihui
Published: March 2015

Repeat detection of miRNA is accomplished by reconstruction of DNA–RNA heteroduplexes-templated copper nanoclusters on an electrode surface.
Polypyrrole nanoprobes with low non-specific protein adsorption for intracellular mRNA detection and photothermal therapy
Authors: Ke Kaimei , Lin Lisen , Liang Hong , Chen Xian , Han Chao , Li Juan , Yang Huang-Hao
Published: March 2015

Polypyrrole–DNA nanoprobes for intracellular mRNA detection and photothermal therapy.
Palladium-catalyzed highly efficient synthesis of functionalized indolizines via cross-coupling/cycloisomerization cascade
Authors: Zhang Liangwei , Li Xiangdong , Liu Yuanhong , Zhang Dayong
Published: March 2015

Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling/cycloisomerization of 3-(2-pyridyl) propargyl carbonates with organoboronic acids provides a straightforward route for the synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted indolizines.
Palladium-catalyzed amination of 2,3,3-trifluoroallyl esters: synthesis of trifluoromethylenamines via an intramolecular fluorine shift and CF3group construction
Authors: Isa Kazuki , Minakawa Maki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: March 2015

The palladium-catalyzed reaction of 2,3,3-trifluoroallyl esters with amines afforded trifluoromethylenamines, which were formed by the addition of a nitrogen nucleophile at the C-2 position and the fluorine atom shift from the C-2 to C-3 position.
Nickel-catalyzed borylation of arenes and indoles via C–H bond cleavage
Authors: Furukawa Takayuki , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2015

The first nickel-catalyzed method for the borylation of carbon–hydrogen bonds in arenes and indoles is described. The use of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand is essential for an efficient reaction, with an N-cyclohexyl-substituted derivative being optimal. This method is readily applied to the gram scale synthesis of 2-borylindole.
The molecular motion of bovine serum albumin under physiological conditions is ion specific
Authors: Medda Luca , Monduzzi Maura , Salis Andrea
Published: March 2015

Specific ion effects on the Brownian motion of BSA protein under physiological conditions give new useful insights into the electrolyte–protein interactions and the molecular mechanisms involved in the Hofmeister effect.
Formation of a nanometer-thick water layer at high humidity on a dynamic crystalline material composed of multi-interactive molecules
Authors: Yakiyama Yumi , Lee Gil Ryeong , Kim Sung Yeon , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Morita Yasushi , Park Moon Jeong , Kawano Masaki
Published: March 2015

Powder analysis revealed that multi-interactive molecules formed an ion conductive nanometer-thick water layer at high humidity and porous insulator by dehydration.
Effect of π–π stacking interactions on the emission properties of cadmium metal–organic frameworks based on 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene
Authors: Calahorro Antonio J. , San Sebastián Eider , Salinas-Castillo Alfonso , Seco Jose M. , Mendicute-Fierro Claudio , Fernández Belén , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio
Published: March 2015

Experimental and theoretical luminescence properties have been studied for multidimensional cadmium metal–organic frameworks based on the luminescent 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene linker.
Understanding the packing in the 1 : 1 molecular complex 1,3,5-tricyanobenzene–hexamethylbenzene by probing lattice modes
Authors: Stride John A.
Published: March 2015

Inelastic neutron scattering is used to directly probe the effect of intermolecular interactions in the text-book co-crystal hexamethylbenzene : tricyanobenzene.
Kinetic analysis of the reduction of 4-nitrophenol catalyzed by Au/Pd nanoalloys immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes
Authors: Gu Sasa , Lu Yan , Kaiser Julian , Albrecht Martin , Ballauff Matthias
Published: March 2015

We present a detailed study of the catalytic activity of Au/Pd nanoalloys with Au : Pd molar ratio 75 : 25 synthesized using spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) as carrier system.
Well-defined phosphino-phenolate neutral nickel(ii) catalysts for efficient (co)polymerization of norbornene and ethylene
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ping , Li Wei-Wei , Li Bai-Xiang , Mu Hong-Liang , Li Yue-Sheng
Published: March 2015

With B(C6F5)3as a singular cocatalyst, a series of phosphino-phenolate neutral nickel catalysts were found to be highly efficient for norbornene (co)polymerization. High molecular weight (co)polymers with good solubility in common organic solvents were obtained.
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of rare-earth metallacarborane alkyls [η1:η5-O(CH2)2C2B9H9]Ln(σ:η1-CH2C6H4-o-NMe2)(THF)2
Authors: Yang Jingying , Xie Zuowei
Published: March 2015

Rare-earth metallacarborane alkyls have been prepared for the first time, which react with unsaturated organic molecules to give either mono- or di-insertion products depending on the nature of the substrates.
Antitumor properties of platinum(iv) prodrug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles
Authors: Lozano-Pérez A. Abel , Gil Ana L. , Pérez Sergio A. , Cutillas Natalia , Meyer Hajo , Pedreño Mónica , D. Aznar-Cervantes Salvador , Janiak Christoph , Cenis Jose Luis , Ruiz José
Published: March 2015

We have successfully generated silk nanoparticles loaded with the hydrophobic platinum(iv) antitumor prodrug PtBz achieving high cell selectivity factors.
Woven electrochemical fabric-based test sensors (WEFTS): a new class of multiplexed electrochemical sensors
Authors: Choudhary Tripurari , Rajamanickam G. P. , Dendukuri Dhananjaya
Published: March 2015

Textile weaving is presented as a new, highly scalable and affordable route for fabrication of electrochemical sensors.
Cooperation between adsorbates accounts for the activation of atomic layer deposition reactions
Authors: Shirazi Mahdi , Elliott Simon D.
Published: March 2015

Adsorbed fragments can become reactive once sufficient numbers of molecules adsorb in their neighbourhood, which accelerates the crucial reaction steps in the deposition process.
Linchpin dienes: key building-blocks in the synthesis of polyenic frameworks
Authors: Cornil J. , Guérinot A. , Cossy J.
Published: March 2015

This review focuses on the preparation of dienic linchpin reagents and on their use in the synthesis of polyenic frameworks.
A copper-catalyzed one-pot, three-component tandem conjugative alkynylation/6-endo cyclization sequence: access to pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Rajesh Nimmakuri , Prajapati Dipak
Published: March 2015

A copper-catalyzed one-pot, atom/step-economical, three component method for the construction of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines has been developed via a tandem conjugative alkynylation/6-endo cyclization sequence.
Correction: A novel Prins cascade process for the stereoselective synthesis of oxa-bicycles
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Venkateswarlu A. , Sridevi B. , Marumudi Kanakaraju , Kunwar A. C. , Gayatri G.
Published: March 2015

Correction for ‘A novel Prins cascade process for the stereoselective synthesis of oxa-bicycles’ by B. V. Subba Reddy et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13, 2669–2672.
Correction: Folate-decorated polymeric Pt(ii) prodrug micelles for targeted intracellular delivery and cytosolic glutathione-triggered release of platinum anticancer drugs
Authors: Jamal Tabatabaei Rezaei Seyed , Amani Vahid , Reza Nabid Mohammad , Safari Nasser , Niknejad Hassan , Notash Behrouz
Published: March 2015

Correction for ‘Folate-decorated polymeric Pt(ii) prodrug micelles for targeted intracellular delivery and cytosolic glutathione-triggered release of platinum anticancer drugs’ by Seyed Jamal Tabatabaei Rezaei et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5py00156k.
Enhanced mechanical properties of ammonia-modified graphene nanosheets/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Dong-Dong , Zhao Dong-Lin , Yao Ran-Ran , Xie Wei-Gang
Published: March 2015

The amine-functionalization of GNSs with ammonia had an obvious effect on the mechanical performances of epoxy matrix nanocomposites.
Spectroscopic signatures and structural motifs in isolated and hydrated serotonin: a computational study
Authors: Srivastava Santosh Kumar , Singh Vipin Bahadur
Published: March 2015

The conformational landscapes of neutral serotonin characterized by MP2, CC2 and DFT methods. The Gph-out/anti conformation is found most stable.
Self-assembly of l-cysteine–gold nanoparticles as chiral probes for visual recognition of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine enantiomers
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xu Chunli , Song Guoxin , Li Baoxin
Published: March 2015

A simple protocol to distinguish enantiomers is extremely intriguing and useful.
A microdevice for producing monodispersed droplets under a jetting flow
Authors: Li Y. K. , Liu G. T. , Xu J. H. , Wang K. , Luo G. S.
Published: March 2015

A new capillary extended step microchannel for generating monodispersed droplets with a much wider narrowing jetting flow regime was specially designed.
Yellow electrophosphorescent devices with hosts containing N1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N1,N4-diphenylnaphthalene-1,4-diamine and tetraphenylsilane units
Authors: Zhang Song , Xu Qiu-Lei , Jing Yi-Ming , Liu Xuan , Lu Guang-Zhao , Liang Xiao , Zheng You-Xuan , Zuo Jing-Lin
Published: March 2015

Two novel host materials SiP and SiM with a high glass transition temperature were synthesized and the yellow phosphorescent OLEDs show maximum current and power efficiency of 40.81 cd A−1 and 33.60 lm W−1 with low efficiency roll-off.
Goethite (α-FeOOH) nanopowders synthesized via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method: morphology, magnetic properties and conversion to rice-like α-Fe2O3 after annealing
Authors: Li Dongyun , Hu Xuzhao , Sun Yukun , Su Shubing , Xia Ailin , Ge Hongliang
Published: March 2015

Acicular goethite (α-FeOOH) nanopowders were synthesized at a high temperature via a CTAB-assisted hydrothermal method.
N6-Hydroperoxymethyladenosine: a new intermediate of chemical oxidation of N6-methyladenosine mediated by bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Wu Jinjun , Xiao Heng , Wang Tianlu , Hong Tingting , Fu Boshi , Bai Dongsheng , He Zhiyong , Peng Shuang , Xing Xiwen , Hu Jianlin , Guo Pu , Zhou Xiang
Published: March 2015

A new route is found in the chemical oxidation ofN6-methyladenosine using a H2O2/bicarbonate system through theN6-hydroperoxymethyladenosine (oxm6A) intermediate.
Growth and setting of gas bubbles in a viscoelastic matrix imaged by X-ray microtomography: the evolution of cellular structures in fermenting wheat flour dough
Authors: Turbin-Orger A. , Babin P. , Boller E. , Chaunier L. , Chiron H. , Della Valle G. , Dendievel R. , Réguerre A. L. , Salvo L.
Published: March 2015

The X-ray tomography image of fermented dough, and the proposed scheme of a structure element representing gas cells with liquid film walls, embedded in the composite matrix of starch granules/gluten filaments.
Hierarchical line-defect patterns in wrinkled surfaces
Authors: Glatz Bernhard A. , Tebbe Moritz , Kaoui Badr , Aichele Roland , Kuttner Christian , Schedl Andreas E. , Schmidt Hans-Werner , Zimmermann Walter , Fery Andreas
Published: March 2015

We show experimentally and theoretically that step-wise changes in the Young's modulus can trigger hierarchical wrinkle pattern formation.
Systematic increase of electrocatalytic turnover at nanoporous platinum surfaces prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Assaud Loïc , Schumacher Johannes , Tafel Alexander , Bochmann Sebastian , Christiansen Silke , Bachmann Julien
Published: March 2015

An atomic layer deposition reaction for metallic platinum is investigated mechanistically and exploited to generate electrochemically active nanoporous surfaces.
In situ X-ray pair distribution function analysis of accelerated carbonation of a synthetic calcium–silicate–hydrate gel
Authors: Morandeau Antoine E. , White Claire E.
Published: March 2015

The kinetics of reaction and the local atomic structure of carbonating C–S–H gel are characterised using high-energy synchrotron radiation.
Preparation and characterization of side-chain liquid crystal polymer/paraffin composites as form-stable phase change materials
Authors: Wu Dang , Ni Bin , Liu Yujie , Chen Sheng , Zhang Hailiang
Published: March 2015

SCLCP/paraffin composites as a novel FSPCM supported by a SCLCP three-dimensional network with high heat storage density and excellent thermal stability.
Preparation of ZnFe2O4 nanostructures and highly efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen generation with the assistance of nanoheterostructures
Authors: Song Hui , Zhu Liping , Li Yaguang , Lou Zirui , Xiao Mu , Ye Zhizhen
Published: March 2015

ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanoheterostructures are synthesized by a facile template method. The hydrogen generation rate of ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanoheterostructures without co-catalysts is up to 2.15 mmol h−1 g−1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), which is 45 times higher than the best yields ever reported for ZnFe2O4-based photocatalysts.
Cycling performance of lithium-ion polymer cells assembled with a cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte using a fibrous polyacrylonitrile membrane and vinyl-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Shin Won-Kyung , Yoo Ji Hyun , Choi Wonchang , Chung Kyung Yoon , Jang Seung Soon , Kim Dong-Won
Published: March 2015

A cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte was prepared with a fibrous PAN membrane and reactive SiO2 nanoparticles.
Construction of a 3D-rGO network-wrapping architecture in a YbyCo4Sb12/rGO composite for enhancing the thermoelectric performance
Authors: Zong Peng-an , Chen Xihong , Zhu Yanwu , Liu Ziwei , Zeng Yi , Chen Lidong
Published: March 2015

The construction of a 3D-rGO network architecture dramatically reduced the lattice thermal conductivity and simultaneously enhanced the Seebeck coefficient, leading to a maximum ZT of 1.51.
Facile fabrication of a three-dimensional gold nanowire array for high-performance electrochemical sensing
Authors: Shi Lei , Chu Zhenyu , Liu Yu , Jin Wanqin
Published: March 2015

A three-dimensional gold nanowire array (3D GNA) was successfully prepared with a facile template-assisted approach, in order to construct an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor.
Enhanced photoluminescence and phosphorescence properties of red CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor via simultaneous UV-NIR stimulation
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Haoran , Lei Bingfu , Xia Zhiguo , Dong Hanwu , Liu Yingliang , Zheng Mingtao , Xiao Yong
Published: March 2015

Enhanced emission was observed under simultaneous UV-NIR stimulation due to the equilibrium of detrapping and retrapping of electrons in traps.
Bifunctional superparamagnetic–luminescent core–shell–satellite structured microspheres: preparation, characterization, and magnetodisplay application
Authors: Li Chung-Lin , Huang Bohr-Ran , Chang Jia-Yaw , Chen Jem-Kun
Published: March 2015

Bifunctional superparamagnetic–luminescent core–shell–satellite structured microspheres are prepared by a layer-by-layer assembly between metal cations and thiol groups for magnetodisplay applications.
A highly selective fluorescence sensor for Zn2+ and Cu2+ based on diarylethene with a piperazine-linked amidoquinoline unit
Authors: Xia Shuijun , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi
Published: March 2015

A new asymmetrical diarylethene compound with a piperazine-linked amidoquinoline unit was synthesized and its multi-controllable switching behaviors induced by light and chemical stimuli were investigated.
A well-aligned simple cubic blue phase for a liquid crystal laser
Authors: Kim Kibeom , Hur Sung-Taek , Kim Sunhwan , Jo Seong-Yong , Lee Bo Ram , Song Myoung Hoon , Choi Suk-Won
Published: March 2015

A well-aligned dye-doped blue phase II laser shows tunable emission wavelength and much lower emission threshold energy.
Identification of signalling cascades involved in red blood cell shrinkage and vesiculation
Authors: Kostova Elena B. , Beuger Boukje M. , Klei Thomas R.L. , Halonen Pasi , Lieftink Cor , Beijersbergen Roderick , van den Berg Timo K. , van Bruggen Robin
Published: March 2015

Even though red blood cell (RBC) vesiculation is a well-documented phenomenon, notably in the context of RBC aging and blood transfusion, the exact signalling pathways and kinases involved in this process remain largely unknown. We have established a screening method for RBC vesicle shedding using the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin which is a rapid and efficient method to promote vesiculation. In order to identify novel pathways stimulating vesiculation in RBC, we screened two libraries: the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) and the Selleckchem Kinase Inhibitor Library for their effects on RBC from healthy donors. We investigated compounds triggering vesiculation and compounds inhibiting vesiculation induced by ionomycin. We identified 12 LOPAC compounds, nine kinase inhibitors and one kinase activator which induced RBC shrinkage and vesiculation. Thus, we discovered several novel pathways involved in vesiculation including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, the Jak–STAT (Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway and the Raf–MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)–ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated a link between casein kinase 2 (CK2) and RBC shrinkage via regulation of the Gardos channel activity. In addition, our data showed that inhibition of several kinases with unknown functions in mature RBC, including Alk (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), induced RBC shrinkage and vesiculation.