bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artist Statements
Authors: Battey Bret , Belantara Amanda , Bergeron Jason , Laliberté Emily , Boland Kieran , Boynton Neil , Rose Emma , Copps Will , Crilly Chris , Davies Nance , Drivas George , Economou Yiannos , Ferrandes Valentina , Finkelstein David , Garro Diego , Glennon Paul , Grauerholz Angela , Myette Réjean , Gunnarsson Karin , Gwiazda Henry , Hanlon Marie , Clarke Rhona , Hernandez Brian , Judge Helen , MacWilliam Susan , Mans Richard , Oldenburg Aaron , O’Reily Bart , Otani Yasuhiro , Patrick Eric , Payne Maggi , Pitts Virginia , Sanders H. Michael , Stich Susanne , Titz Florina , Turano Paul , Wright Maurice
Published: October 2013

Sinus Aestum

Ears are Dazzled, Touched by Sound

Amongst a Sea of Scratched Orient

Run it by me First

Threshold

Awakening

The Fast Runner

Trainsposition

Empirical Data

Fear is a Man’s Best Friend

Berg

Terrifying Blankness

Patah

V O Y A G E

Appassionata

Plato’s Plates

The future of music?

Lines & Spaces

There are Ghosts

100% Shredded Wheat

F-L-A-M-M-A-R-I-O-N

Abiogenesis

Pieces of Jonestown

Drip Walk

The Difference Machine

Reterocognition

Liquid Amber

Beat

Magnetic Resonance Medley

Even if we think we know things

I.will.know.you

Green Becomes Black and Blue, Smokestack

A Fish’s Tale
The Tutte polynomial of the Sierpiński and Hanoi graphs
Authors: Donno Alfredo , Iacono Donatella
Published: October 2013

We study the Tutte polynomial of two infinite families of finite graphs: the Sierpi´nski graphs, which are finite approximations of the well-known Sierpi´nski gasket, and the Schreier graphs of the Hanoi Towers group H(3) acting on the rooted ternary tree. For both of them, we recursively describe the Tutte polynomial and we compute several special evaluations of it, giving interesting results about the combinatorial structure of these graphs.
Differential Harnack estimates for backward heat equations with potentials under an extended Ricci flow
Authors: Fang Shouwen
Published: October 2013

In the paper we prove some differential Harnack estimates for positive solutions of backward heat equations with potentials when the metric is evolving by an extended Ricci flow. We also give some applications of these estimates
Efficient synthesis of substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines
Authors: Xing Yuan-Yuan , Liu Chuanxiang , Wu Fanhong
Published: October 2013

An efficient approach to the synthesis of 1-methylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives 5–10 of biological interest has been developed. The key intermediate product 4 is obtained by cyclization of 2-amino-3-methylaminopyridine (3) with phenylacetic acid.
Ruling Out Bacteremia and Bacterial Meningitis in Infants Less Than One Month of Age: Is 48 Hours of Hospitalization Necessary?
Authors: Fielding-Singh Vikram , Hong David K. , Harris Stephen J. , Hamilton John R. , Schroeder Alan R.
Published: October 2013

Objective:

The appropriate duration of hospitalization for infants ≤ 30 days admitted for fever or other concerns for a serious bacterial infection is an understudied area. We sought to determine the risk of a positive, pathogenic bacterial culture of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in this population beyond 24 hours after collection.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective review of 1145 infants aged ≤30 days who had a blood or CSF culture from 1999 to 2010 at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, a county health system in San Jose, California. Time to notification and the probability of a positive culture result after 24 hours were calculated. Infants were considered high risk if they had either a white blood cell count <5000 or >15 000 per µL, a band count >1500 per µL, or an abnormal urinalysis.

Results:

We identified 1876 cultures (1244 blood, 632 CSF) in 1145 infants aged ≤30 days; 901 (79%) of 1145 were hospitalized and 408 (45%) of 901 hospitalizations were for fever without source (FWS). Thirty-one (2.7%) of the 1145 infants had pathogenic cultures; 6 of 1145 infants (0.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.2–1.1]) had a time to notification >24 hours. All 6 patients had FWS (1.5% of hospitalized FWS sample) and met high-risk criteria on presentation. No low-risk patients had a time to notification >24 hours. Low-risk characteristics were found in 57% (232 of 408) of the entire hospitalized FWS population.

Conclusions:

Low-risk infants hospitalized for FWS or other concerns for serious bacterial infection may not need hospitalization for a full 48 hours simply to rule out bacteremia and bacterial meningitis.
A Proposed Mechanism to Assess Knowledge of Pediatric Hospitalists to Identify and Manage Rare Events During Procedural Sedation
Authors: Srinivasan Mythili , Carlson Douglas W.
Published: October 2013

Objective:

The goal of this study was to assess the knowledge of pediatric hospitalists (PHs) in identifying and managing rare events during procedural sedation (PS) with ketamine and nitrous oxide (N2O).

Methods:

A Web-based survey with multiple choice questions and case scenarios was used to determine the knowledge of PHs in identifying infrequent contraindications and managing laryngospasm, a rare life-threatening complication during PS. The survey was sent to all PHs at St Louis Children’s Hospital.

Results:

Forty percent of experienced PHs (>50 sedation procedures performed) and 5% of inexperienced PHs (<50 sedation procedures performed) identified all 4 ketamine contraindications. Twenty-one percent of experienced PHs and 4% of inexperienced PHs identified all 6 N2O contraindications. Ninety-five percent of PHs identified presence of laryngospasm in a case scenario. As the patient in the case scenario progressed from partial to complete laryngospasm, 84% and 82% of PHs chose either the preferred or acceptable strategy to manage the patient. With further deterioration in the patient’s status in the scenario, 66% and 71% of PHs chose either the preferred or acceptable strategy to manage the patient. The preferred strategy at each step is one that attempted the least invasive maneuver to manage the patient. There was no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced PHs in the management of laryngospasm.

Conclusions:

Knowledge gaps exist among PHs regarding contraindications for ketamine and N2O that are infrequently encountered in patients and for the management of laryngospasm, a rare adverse event with ketamine. Ongoing teaching tools are necessary to assess and maintain the knowledge of sedation providers regarding rare events during PS that can improve their proficiency.
The Use of Diffusion Imaging to Detect Microstructure in the Preterm Brain
Authors: Rogers Cynthia , Neil Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2013

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging utilizes the translational motion of water within tissue to provide information on a variety of tissue characteristics, including microstructure. It provides quantitative measures that reflect the normal maturational changes of brain microstructure, as well as the impact of brain injury. These applications make diffusion imaging a particularly attractive tool for evaluating preterm infants. In this review, we discuss the basic concepts underlying diffusion imaging, commonly used terminology, and the use of diffusion imaging to evaluate tissue microstructure in preterm neonates.
Late-Preterm Birth and Lifetime Socioeconomic Attainments: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Heinonen Kati , Eriksson Johan G. , Kajantie Eero , Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Barker David J. , Osmond Clive , Raikkonen Katri
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:

We examined if those born late-preterm (at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation) differed from those born at term in their maximum attained lifetime socioeconomic position (SEP) across the adult years up to 56 to 66 years, and in intergenerational social mobility from childhood parental SEP to own attained SEP.

METHODS:

Participants were 8993 Finnish men and women of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born between 1934 and 1944. Gestational age was extracted from hospital birth records and socioeconomic attainments from Finnish National Census.

RESULTS:

Compared with those born at term, those born late-preterm were more likely to be manual workers, have a basic or upper secondary level of education, belong to the lowest third based on their incomes, and less likely to belong to the highest third based on their incomes. Late-preterm individuals were also less likely to be upwardly mobile and more likely to be downwardly mobile; they were less likely to have higher occupations and more likely to have lower occupations than their fathers. They were also less likely to be upwardly mobile if incomes were used as the outcome of own attained SEP, and men were more likely to be downwardly mobile if education was used as the outcome of own attained SEP.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates that there are considerable long-term socioeconomic disadvantages associated with late-preterm birth, which are not explained by the parent-of-origin SEP.
Health Supervision for Children With Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Tinkle Brad T. , Saal Howard M. ,   the COMMITTEE ON GENETICS, Saul Robert A. , Braddock Stephen R. , Chen Emily , Freedenberg Debra L. , Jones Marilyn C. , Perrin James M. , Tarini Beth Anne
Published: October 2013

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-061450.

Marfan syndrome is a systemic, heritable connective tissue disorder that affects many different organ systems and is best managed by using a multidisciplinary approach. The guidance in this report is designed to assist the pediatrician in recognizing the features of Marfan syndrome as well as caring for the individual with this disorder.
Response of biophotonic device using retinoid
Authors: Mitachi Seiko , Tsuchida Yosuke , Nishimura Koji
Published: October 2013

The authors focus on the retina in the human eye and consider retinoic acid to be the most appropriate for use in photoreceptive devices. The authors fabricated retinoic acid–chitosan film by using the layer-by-layer self-assembly process. The photocurrent value of the devices increased from 4·0 to 7·0 mA when used in optimized conditions. One of the best responses of these manually fabricated photoreceptive devices was that the photocurrent was 7 mA and the photocurrent response continued during the longest period to date of 9 h, which is an 81 times longer life time than before. The authors calculated the external quantum efficiency of the photocurrent response for devices with the best performance. The estimated external quantum efficiency of the photocurrent response for the best device was 4·53. In comparison, for one of the gel-type devices, the efficiency was 0·004. The mechanism of the photocurrent response of biophotonic devices seems to be the radical reaction rather than any ionic or charged carrier reaction.
Reinforcement of railway ballasted track with geosynthetic bags for preventing derailment
Authors: Kachi T. , Kobayashi M. , Seki M. , Koseki J.
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: In order to prevent a long-term service interruption of Tokaido Shinkansen (bullet train) in Japan after an earthquake, various structures have been undergoing constant seismic retrofit. Despite these efforts, a Shinkansen train derailed during the Niigataken-Chuetsu earthquake in 2004. In order to prevent train derailments, it is important to prevent ballast from collapsing and flowing out during large earthquakes. Precast concrete blocks are in use on the Tokaido Shinkansen line for this purpose. However, precast concrete blocks have problems concerning workability and cost. Therefore, a new method of reinforcing ballasted track has been developed in which polymeric geomesh bags filled with ballast are stacked and strengthened by reinforcing bars. The results of shaking table tests confirmed that the reinforced ballasted track has sufficient seismic resistance against a severe seismic load matching the Tokai earthquake. Several durability tests were also performed, confirming that bags exposed to ultraviolet radiation for a long time have sufficient durability. Furthermore, a construction test on a commercial line demonstrated that the new method provides good workability. Thus the current study demonstrates that the seismic reinforcement of ballasted track using stacked bags and reinforcing bars is effective and practicable.
Applying Message Logging to Support Fault-Tolerance of SOA Systems
Authors: Danilecki Arkadiusz , Hołenko Mateusz , Kobusińska Anna , Szychowiak Michał , Zierhoffer Piotr
Published: October 2013

This paper addresses a problem of increasing fault-tolerance of serviceoriented systems built of RESTful web services. To solve such a problem, rollbackrecovery protocol is proposed. The protocol employs known rollback-recovery techniques, however, it modifies and specially adjusts them for specific characteristics of the SOA systems. The paper includes a proof of safety property of the proposed protocol.
Health Related Aspects of Sexual Behaviour Among Internet Daters in Slovenia
Authors: Kogovšek Tina , Kuhar Roman , Švab Alenka
Published: October 2013

Izvleček

Izhodišča: V članku predstavljamo izsledke prve sociološke raziskave o spolnem vedenju uporabnikov interneta za internetne zmenke v Sloveniji s posebnim poudarkom na z zdravjem povezanih vidikih spolnega vedenja ljudi, ki se za zmenke dogovarjajo prek interneta.

Metode: Vzorec predstavljajo uporabniki internetnih strani za spoznavanje partnerjev. Uporabili smo vzorčenje po metodi snežne kepe prek elektronske pošte in z objavo oglasa na portalih za spoznavanje partnerjev prek interneta. Podatki so bili zbrani v januarju in februarju 2007. Končni vzorec sestavlja 1.349 anketirancev.

Rezultati: Večina anketirancev ni imela (44,2%) ali pa je imela majhno število spolnih partnerjev, ki so jih spoznali prek interneta (od 1 do 5 - 48%). Glede na spolno usmerjenost je imelo spolni odnos na prvem zmenku z osebo z interneta od 15 do 40% moških v primerjavi z od 7 do 18% žensk. Tretjina heteroseksualnih moških in žensk pri prvem spolnem odnosu z zadnjo osebo z interneta ni uporabila kondoma. Med uporabniki kondoma pri prvem spolnem odnosu z zadnjo osebo z interneta je največ homoseksualnih moških. Med njimi jih je 17% navedlo, da kondoma niso uporabili.

Zaključki: Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je čas od prvega on-line stika do prvega spolnega odnosa pomemben pokazatelj za zdravje potencialno rizičnega spolnega vedenja. Naši podatki kažejo, da to velja še posebej za biseksualno usmerjene moške. Podatki o uporabi kondoma kažejo, da je »obdobje aidsa« pustilo močen pečat na populacijo homoseksualnih moških, ki v daleč največji meri uporabljajo kondom v primerjavi s heteroseksualno in z biseksualno usmerjenimi anketiranci.
The beauty of Victorian beasts: illustration in the Reverend J. G. Wood's Homes without hands (W. T. Stearn Prize 2012)
Authors: Kennedy Andrea
Published: October 2013

The Reverend John George Wood (1827–1889) was a successful popularizer of natural history in the Victorian era. His Illustrated natural history (1853) and Common objects series (1857–1858) have been written about extensively. However, historians have largely ignored his most successful book, Homes without hands, in spite of its exquisite designs and profound connections with natural domesticity. In addition, little research has been conducted on the illustrations that appear across Wood's publications, despite their great popularity during his lifetime. This article examines the creation, popularization and methods of communication of this beautiful natural history book. A work explicitly about animal dwellings, Homes without hands was exceedingly popular during its time, as will be shown through an analysis of previously unpublished impression and sales records from the Longman's publishing archive at Reading University. Furthermore, this article will reveal Wood's use of advanced methods in printing and engraving technologies, which made Homes without hands more accessible to the public, particularly through the use of electrotype. In addition, Wood adapted his illustrations for the sake of uniting pleasing aesthetics with scientific representations. Wood's proactive involvement in the illustrative processes of the book ensured that his vision was fully enacted in the final designs. There were elements of danger and domesticity present throughout Wood's work, which functioned as a method for enticing readership and communicating social and religious messages. This will be revealed through a close analysis of a few specific illustrations. Wood dynamically united illustration and text to create a useful domestic piece of natural history, for and about the home. This article seeks to combine methods of examination of both natural history illustration and literature through the investigation of a single book, to better communicate how works of Victorian natural history functioned as a whole.
The rhinoceros (fl.1770–1793) of King Louis XV and its horns
Authors: Péquignot A.
Published: October 2013

While receiving remarkable animals as presents was a common practice among European monarchs, the rhinoceros of Louis XV (Rhinoceros unicornis) became one of the most famous. The live male Indian rhinoceros was a gift to the King from Jean-Baptiste Chevalier, French governor of Chandannagar in West Bengal. It left Calcutta on 22 December 1769, and arrived in the port of Lorient, Brittany, six months later on 11 June 1770. From there it was transported to the royal menagerie in Versailles, which had been built in response to increasing interest in zoology and Louis XIV's passion for the exotic, in 1664. When the rhinoceros died in 1793, having been in captivity in France for more than 20 years, its skeleton and stuffed hide were preserved and have been held since then in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Here it remains on exhibition as an almost three-hundred year old relic of R. unicornis, an invaluable source for museum studies and the history of taxidermy. Why the original horn of this rhinoceros was replaced by a much longer one, and why, in turn, this was replaced by a short one is discussed.
A re-evaluation of the nineteenth-century naturalist Henri de Saussure
Authors: Hollier A. , Hollier J.
Published: October 2013

The nineteenth-century Swiss entomologist Henri de Saussure is probably better known today as the father of linguist Férdinand de Saussure than as a scientist in his own right. In this context, it is his personality rather than his work that has attracted attention, encouraged by the availability of letters and diaries in which he expresses himself openly on personal matters. This paper presents an overview of his life that includes analysis of his scientific contribution in order to give a more balanced assessment. Examination of his publications confirms his importance as a taxonomist, and shows interesting trends in his approach. He was also notable for his cultivation of a wide network of collaborators and for the way he used his status to enhance the collections of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève.
Carl Gottfried Semper (1832–1893) and the location of his type specimens of sea cucumbers
Authors: Samyn Yves , Smirnov Alexei , Massin Claude
Published: October 2013

Carl Gottfried Semper (1832–1893), German naturalist, produced one of the most influential monographs in the history of sea-cucumber systematics (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). This work, based on one of the most extensive collections of his time, introduced nearly a hundred taxa new to science. Unfortunately, Semper's collection subsequently became increasingly fragmented, and many of his types soon became considered as lost. We trace the history of Semper's holothuroid collection and report the location of many of the purported missing types.
Dead Man's Shoes: Revealing the Subtext of the Lost Maternal
Authors: Johnson Beth , Andrew Joe
Published: October 2013

Considering British cinematic representations of masculinity in crisis, this article explores the portrayal of women within Shane Meadows’ 2004 film, Dead Man's Shoes. Highlighting the dominance of the white male, the article suggests that women, by contrast, are rendered as almost completely invisible – a hole at the centre of the narrative, and, when seen, are depicted as little more than sexual holes. Within this context, the authors argue that the lost maternal is the primary subtext of this and other Meadows films. Invoking a triangulated structure in order to achieve this, the article begins by offering a detailed reading of the opening section of Dead Man's Shoes (its prologue, which is coterminous with the credit sequence), before going on to consider and analyse the role of women, present and absent, in the film. Finally, we examine the significance of the heroic quest in the film, centring on the journey through the film of its central protagonist, Richard (Paddy Considine).
METAMORPHOSIS OF PUBLIC SPACES IN HUNGARY OR THE QUESTION OF CONTEXT WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACES OF THE COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST PERIOD
Authors: Kissfazekas Kornelia
Published: October 2013

The design of successful public spaces is not merely a simple stylistic problem, but also a reflection on the social circumstances of a certain era, an architectural answer to the demands of society (Shields 1986). By following the continuous change in public spaces, we can observe a particular slice of history. This study is an investigation of the changing roles of two very different types of public spaces common in Hungary: the new urban squares of the '50s and the centres built in the '70s for public institutions. The study accomplishes this primarily by analysing them within their different contexts. The conclusion of this study is that public squares built in the communist period can meet contemporary space use demands in different ways. However these square types’ problems have great differences in scale and nature, during their renewals the deep knowledge of their history is essential. This is the precondition to creation public spaces that are intimately linked to the venue (and its spirit and history), even if we use fashinable designing tools.
Challenge and Complexity of Virtual Team Management
Authors: Chen Edward T.
Published: October 2013

To thrive in our global economy, businesses must continually seek ways to maintain a competitive advantage by supplying the market with innovative and effective products and services. To do this, barriers of space and time must be overcome, conventional business processes must be enhanced, and customer demand must be promptly answered by high-quality, low-cost, or value-based products and services. One way for companies to meet these fast-paced market demands is by utilizing virtual teams. With virtual teams, companies can expand their talent pool beyond geographical barriers. Furthermore, they can incorporate a follow-the-sun process in their business strategy. Combined, this leveraged approach can better position companies to meet market demands in a more timely and cost-effective manner. However, to achieve this competitive advantage, business leaders must thoroughly understand the challenges associated with developing and managing virtual teams. This research chapter examines the reasons for utilizing virtual teams, challenges that stem from diversity, structural and behavioral characteristics, and managerial considerations for effective leadership, supporting technologies, best practices, and future implications.
Leadership in Globally Distributed Virtual Teams
Authors: Flammia Madelyn , St.Amant Kirk
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to various factors that can affect the management of international virtual teams. In examining this topic, the authors provide an overview of what each factor is, note how each factor can create problems in international virtual teams, and explain how effective management—or informed approaches to managing such teams—can help mitigate such challenges. The authors also provide readers/managers with foundational strategies that can facilitate the sharing of information and the creation of trust in international virtual teams.
Promoting Critical Thinking in Virtual Teams
Authors: Heizmann Helena
Published: October 2013

Effective decision-making in a virtual environment is becoming increasingly important as more and more organizations introduce virtual teams into their global businesses. Critical thinking is a reflective practice that has been suggested to enhance the quality of group decision-making in organizations (Natale & Ricci, 2006). However, little is known about the value of critical thinking in a virtual team environment and the ways in which it can be promoted. This chapter provides a conceptual model of informed decision-making based on critical thinking. It further outlines how critical thinking can be promoted in virtual teams through an active shift towards a dialogic learning culture, constituted by collaborative communication behaviors, authentic leadership, and the use of social Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).
Decision-Making in Organizations
Authors: Golden Kathleen M. , Pineo Patricia P.
Published: October 2013

The use of a collaborative decision-making model has been shown to produce more creative solutions and to increase the size of the stakeholder pool, as well as increase the commitment of stakeholders to final decisions. This study combines the research in group decision-making using the functional theory and the bona fide group perspective along with the large body of research on Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS). The purpose is to assist organizations in both making decisions and understanding the processes used and individuals involved in those decisions. This longitudinal study of one university’s collaboration process presents their multiple planning efforts in accreditation and creating civility. Two participant-observers discuss several bona fide decision making groups across a five-year period along with the application of a GDSS that uses Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assist in that decision-making. The usefulness of GDSS is discussed and its future applications are suggested.
ICT in the Classroom
Authors: Falcinelli Floriana , Laici Chiara
Published: October 2013

This chapter presents the research carried out by teachers and students of 6 junior high school classes on the modern ICT use in didactics. They participated in the “Cl@ssi2.0” project and were involved in the PoliCultura&Moodle format contained in Learning4All (www.learningforall.it), a section of a national macro-project financed by FIRB (Fondo per gli Investimenti della Ricerca di Base by the Italian Ministry of Education). A short questionnaire focusing on the students’ learning needs and their aptitude for new technologies was administered to students. Some observations were carried out during a normal school day. Some student-centered focus-groups were carried out. A LCMS Moodle environment was planned and implemented to support and expand the educational activities carried out in the classroom. Research has confirmed that technological innovation in school requires a strong support from governance, and teachers who gain the digital competence and a design capacity for innovation in teaching ordinary action.
Using Digital Tools to Teach Writing in K-12 Classrooms
Authors: Anderson Rebecca S. , Goode Gretchen S. , Mitchell Jessica S. , Thompson Racheal F.
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to provide four examples from K-12 classrooms that use a variety of current, research-based online tools for teaching the following writing pedagogies: (1) process writing, (2) cultural studies, (3) content area writing, and (4) collaborative writing. Each classroom example includes supporting research, a teacher story, variations and barriers of technology tools, and additional website resources. These examples adapt five of Leu’s (2002) new literacies principles: (1) change is a defining element of the new literacies, (2) literacies build on and complement previous literacies, (3) new literacies require new forms of strategic knowledge, (4) new literacies are socially constructed, and (5) the teacher's role becomes even more important within the new literacies. The chapter concludes with future research directions for using digital tools to teach writing.
Integrated Technology for Culturally Competent Communication in Urban Schools
Authors: Linas Maura Wechsler , Aitken Joan E.
Published: October 2013

A disproportionately high number of students who live in urban centers are found eligible for special education services. For some of these students, teachers and administrators may misinterpret communication and other behaviors. This chapter will provide ideas generated from the literature and lessons learned about interpreting communication and behavior in the urban context. Although the primary focus is face-to-face communication, the authors also discuss ways to integrate technology to support the communication process.
Technology Integration in UAE Schools
Authors: Tamim Rana
Published: October 2013

Research has supported the assumption that computer technology is beneficial for students’ performance. Nevertheless, knowing that technology is beneficial is not sufficient on its own where teachers remain the key stakeholders in the success of the process. Teachers need to be aware of various issues, challenges, and ethical aspects when using technology for teaching, with such aspects being alleviated further in a young country with a conservative society such as the UAE. The chapter offers an overview of the Net Generation and computer technologies’ impact on student performance. It provides a briefing about the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and its educational system while highlighting formal initiatives launched by the government to support the educational reform and introduction of technology into the K-12 classroom. Finally, the chapter presents preliminary findings from a research study that investigates teachers’ perceptions about technology integration and their current practices in a UAE private school.
Librarians’ Roles in Informatics to Support Classroom Incorporation of Technology
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: October 2013

Informatics, particularly as applied to K12 settings, has received little systematic attention worldwide, although the field itself is growing due to the impact of technology and information advances. Too often, informatics has been approached as a tool-based skill rather than an academic domain with theoretical underpinnings. Content knowledge, technological knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge are required for success. School librarians can serve as expert partners in these endeavors. They have more knowledge and experience with informatics than anyone else in the setting, they can select and incorporate informational and technological resources and learning activities that are developmentally appropriate and relevant for students, they know how to manage knowledge effectively, and they know how to collaborate effectively with the rest of the school community in order to optimize curriculum development, instructional design, and delivery.
Virtually Unprepared
Authors: Barbour Michael K. , Siko Jason , Gross Elizabeth , Waddell Kecia
Published: October 2013

At present, there are very few examples of the preparation of teachers for the online environment in teacher education. Even more unfortunate is that less than 40% of all online teachers in the United States reported receiving any professional development before they began teaching online. While some virtual schools provide some training to their own teachers, in most instances, no such training is provided to the school-based personnel. This is unfortunate, as K-12 student success in online learning environments require support from both the online teacher and the local school-based teacher. Clearly, there is a need for teacher education programs to equip all teachers with initial training in how to design, deliver, and – in particular – support K-12 online learning. This chapter begins with an examination of the act of teaching online and how that differs from teaching in a face-to-face environment. Next, the chapter describes existing teacher education initiatives targeted to pre-service teachers (i.e., undergraduate students) and then in-service teachers (i.e., graduate students). This is followed by an evaluation of current state-based initiatives to formalize online teaching as an endorsement area. Finally, a summary of the unique aspects of teaching online and how some initiatives have attempted to address these unique skills, before outlining a course of action that all teacher education programs should consider adopting.
Enhancing Pedagogy with mLearning
Authors: Thomas Damon , Thomas Angela , Fluck Andrew
Published: October 2013

This chapter reports on a study of student mobile practices in one high school in Tasmania. This school provided all year 7 and 8 students with iPod Touches, and aimed to explore new forms of pedagogy that reflected a more relevant and contemporary curriculum for young people in the 21st century. Surveys and interviews were conducted with students to explore the effectiveness of the school’s program, as well as to understand the kinds of common practices students engaged in with mobile technologies in general. Surprisingly, the results revealed that the school practices were emerging somewhat slowly and students reported mixed comments about the program. Based on the research findings, recommendations are offered to teachers in order to maximize the benefits of mobile learning (commonly referred to as mLearning) to enhance pedagogy.
Reification of Five Types of Modeling Pedagogies with Model-Based Inquiry (MBI) Modules for High School Science Classrooms
Authors: Campbell Todd , Oh Phil Seok , Neilson Drew
Published: October 2013

It has been declared that practicing science is aptly described as making, using, testing, and revising models. Modeling has also emerged as an explicit practice in science education reform efforts. This is evidenced as modeling is highlighted as an instructional target in the recently released Conceptual Framework for the New K-12 Science Education Standards: it reads that students should develop more sophisticated models founded on prior knowledge and skills and refined as understanding develops. Reflecting the purpose of engaging students in modeling in science classrooms, Oh and Oh (2011) have suggested five modeling activities, the first three of which were based van Joolingen’s (2004) earlier proposal: 1) exploratory modeling, 2) expressive modeling, 3) experimental modeling, 4) evaluative modeling, and 5) cyclic modeling. This chapter explores how these modeling activities are embedded in high school physics classrooms and how each is juxtaposed as concurrent instructional objectives and scaffolds a progressive learning sequence. Through the close examination of modeling in situ within the science classrooms, the authors expect to better explicate and illuminate the practices outlined and support reform in science education.
Core Math Tools
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Keller Brin , Fonger Nicole , Edson Alden
Published: October 2013

Core Math Tools is an open-source suite of Java-based software tools that include general purpose tools—a spreadsheet, a computer algebra system, interactive (dynamic) geometry, data analysis, and simulation tools—together with topic-focused Custom Apps and Advanced Apps for triangle congruence and similarity, data modeling, linear programming, three-dimensional visualization, and more. Core Math Tools provides a unique linked tool set that supports the full range of contemporary high school mathematics. This design promotes the important mathematical practice of selecting and strategically using software tools. Accompanying the software is a Website at the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) providing content designed to help school districts meet the new Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM). This chapter describes and illustrates use of the software in implementing rich tasks aligned with the CCSSM.
Knock Down the Walls, Open the Doors
Authors: Taggart Kristen G.
Published: October 2013

Hybrid classrooms, or blended instruction, blend the traditional face-to-face instruction model with newer technologies of online learning. 21st Century students crave a more interactive learning environment, but unfortunately, today's teachers largely lack exposure to Web 2.0 technologies and technological expertise to offer such learning tools to their students. Therefore, teacher preparation programs, state departments of education, and local education authorities must improve the technical skills of teachers. Once teachers have 21st Century skills, they will be prepared to offer a more dynamic learning environment to students, including hybrid learning environments. This chapter will explore the possibility and effectiveness of utilizing hybrid-learning environments at the high school level. This will be accomplished through review of the literature, an evaluation of the educational objectives met through the implementation of hybrid learning, addressing the obstacles to implementation, and suggesting methods of improvement for teacher preparation programs, state departments of education, and local education authorities to improve the technical skills of teachers.
An Enquiry into the use of Technology and Student Voice in Citizenship Education in the K-12 Classroom
Authors: Olla Venus
Published: October 2013

This chapter describes a case study conducted in a high school setting. A students as researchers’ approach is used to explore the use of technology in the citizenship education classroom. The case study demonstrates how starting student learning from the perspectives of the multicultural backgrounds of the students and using technology can greatly enhance the learning experiences of the students within the citizenship education classroom.
The iPad in the Classroom
Authors: Ostashewski Nathaniel , Reid Doug
Published: October 2013

Mobile learning devices, such as the iPad tablet, have the potential of providing unique pedagogical strategies for the K-12 classroom. One of these strategies is digital storytelling, a constructivist approach using digital tools to create and share short stories. This chapter describes three iPad implementation projects involving multimedia database and digital storytelling creation that underscore the successes and challenges of these devices and the new classroom activities they make available to educators. The results of these projects suggest that the iPad is one device that can successfully support and sustain a variety of multimedia creation and use in the classroom. Specifically, this chapter reports on research that identifies mobile pedagogical strategies on the iPad, such as mobile small and large group demonstrations, student-directed control-and-playback activities, backchannel (microblogging) conversations, Web-based research activities, and digital storytelling. As with other types of technology implementations, management and process challenges exist that should be considered. This chapter details some of the challenges that are specific to iPads and multimedia creation on these devices.
Evaluating iPad Applications
Authors: Kiekel Jean , Kirk E.E.
Published: October 2013

Traditional classrooms based solely on textbooks and print-based reading material no longer fit ways students gain knowledge. Advances and innovations in technology are changing the way students of all ages learn. The latest innovation, smaller tablet style computers such as iPads, is further changing the way technology is used in schoolrooms. Popularity of these devices and the ability to download applications to them opens a world of uses for such devices in classrooms. The appropriate use of these devices and choice of appropriate applications for educational purposes provides a new realm of research opportunities for scholars. Educators and administrators need to feel confident capital expenditures on tablet devices will fulfill the promise of a positive impact in classrooms. This chapter explores the readability of one of the more popular applications for iPads in an attempt to discover whether reading levels of the application are appropriate for students in elementary, middle, and high school.
Issues and Challenges in Preparing Teachers to Teach in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Gibson Susan
Published: October 2013

Preservice teachers need to acquire both technological skill and understanding about how technology rich environments can develop subject-specific knowledge as a part of their teacher education programs. The purpose of the research project, as described in this case study, was to examine the impact that immersion in technology-infused social studies pedagogy courses had on preservice teachers’ willingness to use computer and online tools as well as how they used them during their student teaching. Teacher education students enrolled in two pedagogy courses were surveyed at the beginning and end of the courses and interviewed over the duration of the courses regarding the nature and extent of their technological knowledge and skill. Following the completion of the pedagogy courses, six volunteered to have their technology use tracked during their nine-week practice teaching experience. Findings showed that while the preservice pedagogy courses did increase the student teachers’ knowledge of and skill with a variety of computer and online tools as well as their desire to use them during their student teaching, the elementary schools in which they were placed for their practicum were poorly equipped and the mentor teachers were not using the tools that were modeled on campus. If preservice teachers are to truly understand the benefits of learning and teaching with technology, teacher education institutions and school districts need to work together to present a consistent vision of technology integration, and schools need to provide environments that encourage and support technology use.
Learning on the Move in the Web 2.0
Authors: Baladrón Carlos , Aguiar Javier M. , Calavia Lorena , Carro Belén , Sánchez-Esguevillas Antonio
Published: October 2013

This work aims at presenting the current state of the art of the m-learning trend, an innovative new approach to teaching focused on taking advantage of mobile devices for learning anytime, anywhere and anyhow, usually employing collaborative tools. However, this new trend is still young, and research and innovation results are still fragmented. This work aims at providing an overview of the state of the art through the analysis of the most interesting initiatives published and reported, studying the different approaches followed, their pros and cons, and their results. And after that, this chapter provides a discussion of where we stand nowadays regarding m-learning, what has been achieved so far, which are the open challenges and where we are heading.
Digital Library and Its Requirements in the Global World
Authors: Saini Surbhi
Published: October 2013

This chapter introduces the basics of the digital library, including needs, benefits, and requirements, and briefly describes the digitization process. The role of library and information science professionals has now become a debatable one due to the advent of digital libraries and the Internet. The cloud computing and virtualization in digital culture is also discussed here. In this regard, the chapter covers cloud computing, including the characteristics, types, and how it works. The application of cloud computing in libraries is described with an example of the cloud in the academic library in Orissa. The advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing in libraries or in organizations are also covered here. The future prospects of the digital library using cloud computing technology is like an innovative application in libraries.
Libraries and Cloud Computing Models
Authors: Sharma Satish C. , Bagoria Harshila
Published: October 2013

Cloud computing is a new breed of service offered over the Internet, which has completely changed the way one can use the power of computers irrespective of geographic location. It has brought in new avenues for organizations and businesses to offer services using hardware or software or platform of third party sources, thus saving on cost and maintenance. It can transform the way systems are built and services delivered, providing libraries with an opportunity to extend their impact. Cloud computing has become a major topic of discussion and debate for any business or organization which relies on technology. Anyone connected to the Internet is probably using some type of cloud computing on a regular basis. Whether they are using Google’s Gmail, organizing photos on Flickr, or searching the Web with Bing, they are engaged in cloud computing. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to give an overview of this technology, its connection with libraries, the models in which libraries can deploy this technology for providing services and augment the productivity of library staff and case studies.
Open Source in the Cloud
Authors: de Smet Egbert
Published: October 2013

Whereas “Open Source” in software is still gaining momentum in many fields of applications, it is even more present in the “behind the curtains” scene of the Cloud. It is behind the scenes because Cloud tools are only operated by Cloud providers creating their infrastructure, not by end users. But as that infrastructure is going to be a crucial part of the IT environment of the future, like water and power supply have become for the wider living environments, it is good to note that this infrastructure is not limited to (commercial) proprietary technology and standards, but rather is subject to input from the major Open Source players. This chapter reviews the main technologies of this moment in Cloud software: CloudStack of Citrix and Apache, OpenStack of Suse and Openshift from RedHat. Also the CEPH-technology for distributed storage is added in this overview due to its obvious relevance for the Cloud. The brief review of these products confirms that FOSS indeed plays a major role in the Cloud, opening up that technology for open standards and “public” ownership of this soon-to-be an essential part of our IT environment.
Testbed Platform
Authors: Mane Deepak
Published: October 2013

Libraries invest millions of dollars in developing and maintaining library applications that are core to their libraries and help them to improve their competitive advantage through operational excellence of libraries. Continuous changes in the library environment forces the library to innovate and optimize their library process, resulting in continuous changes in the software applications that support the library processes. As a consequence, delivering applications rapidly that are defect free, scalable, and reliable becomes challenging. Testing becomes a critical and vital step in the process – not only in terms of coverage but also in terms of performance, security, and usability. Setting up test environments that closely mirror the production environment can be expensive – in terms of hardware, licenses, people to manage library infrastructure and its application. “Testing as a Service” – a new paradigm of Cloud-based “On Demand” testing service can help libraries to address this challenge. This chapter focuses on how libraries can optimize their IT budget through a strategic initiative in the form of “On Demand” testing. This chapter describes Requirements of Testbed Platform, Cloud Testing, and Benefits of testing using cloud environment for library Amazon Web Services – Public Cloud Services.
Transdisciplinary Science and Technology and Service Systems
Authors: Funabashi Motohisa
Published: October 2013

Systems engineering has a long history with myriads of successful accomplishments. Systems thinking and engineering methodologies are reviewed in this chapter and are reorganized for service systems engineering. The effectiveness and significance of the reorganized methodology is demonstrated in an exemplary problem on service system conceptualization that is widely required to attain a sustainable society. The reorganized systems engineering methodology leads to a new systems science that is emerging (i.e., transdisciplinary science and technology).