bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Consequences of Youth Sport Specialization
Authors: Jayanthi Neeru A. , Post Eric G. , Laury Torrance C. , Fabricant Peter D.
Published: October 2019

Sport specialization is a training method now commonly used by young athletes who hope to achieve elite-level success. This may be defined as (1) choosing a main sport, (2) quitting all other sports to focus on 1 sport, and (3) year-round training (greater than 8 months per year). A number of sports medicine organizations have published recommendations based on the limited evidence available on this topic. The objective of this article was to perform a narrative review of the currently available evidence and sports medicine organizational recommendations regarding sport specialization and its effects on health to guide athletic trainers and sports medicine providers. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a narrative review of articles and position statements on sport specialization published from 1990 through 2018. Injury, overuse injury, serious overuse injury, and lower extremity injury were likely associated with higher degrees of sport specialization in various populations. Sports medicine organizations in general recommended against sport specialization in young athletes and instead promoted multisport participation for physical and psychological benefits. Few long-term data suggest that sport specialization has negative health-related quality-of-life consequences. Higher degrees of sport specialization likely pose risks of overuse injury; however, the age of specialization at which this risk occurs is not known. Because different populations and sports activities may put children at risk for certain injuries, future researchers should monitor large populations with sport-specific prospective active surveillance.
Prevalence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus and nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients of two referral hospitals in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Okoro Chinenye , Ibhawaegbele Stellamaris , Ezema Charles , Ezeugwu Uchechukwu , Igweagu Chukwuma , Dozie-Nwakile Ogechukwu
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a type of TB that is resistant to the two most effective first-line drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid and it remains a major public health threat, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: To assess the MDR-TB prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and nonHIV positive pulmonary TB patients of two referral hospitals in southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sputum specimens of individuals presenting with a cough of >2 weeks duration were screened by Ziehl–Neelsen technique for the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Results: A total of 103 subjects with AFB-positive sputum samples were recruited from the two referral hospitals and HIV-1/2 antibodies were screened using serial algorithm method. The positive sputum samples were subjected to Xpert MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert®, Cepheid, USA) and cultured on the Lowenstein–Jensen medium for 42 days at 37°C. Drug susceptibility testing was done on the isolates using the nitrate reduction assay. Eighty-three (80.6%) of the isolates were obtained from culture after suspected colonies were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and immunological tests and of the 83 (80.6%) samples analyzed using Xpert MTB/RIF assay 45 (67.2%) were rifampicin-resistant. The prevalence of culture-positive TB was higher in the HIV-negative sub-population (82.02%) when compared with the HIV-positive participants (71.40%). The rate of MDR-TB was high among HIV-positive patients though not statistically significant. HIV positive patients showed prevalence of (66.70%), whereas HIV-negative patients had (42.60%). Conclusions: The World Health Organization estimated that 26% of patients with TB infection in Nigeria are HIV-positive and the alarming evidence of MDR-TB prevalence in this study calls for close monitoring of the prevalence of drug resistance, especially in HIV-infected population.
Heat and entropy flows in Carnot groups
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Stefani Giorgio
Published: October 2019

We prove the correspondence between the solutions of the sub-elliptic heat equation in a Carnot group

\mathbb G

and the gradient flows of the relative entropy functional in the Wasserstein space of probability measures on

\mathbb G

. Our result completely answers a question left open in a previous paper by N. Juillet, where the same correspondence was proved for

\mathbb G = \mathbb H^n

, the

n

-dimensional Heisenberg group.
Lexikalischer Wandel am Beispiel des Verbs stillen
Authors: Janz Christina
Published: October 2019

Sprachwandel in der Grammatik vollzieht sich relativ langsam. In den meisten Fällen ist grammatischer Wandel mit Veränderungen in der Semantik der Lexik verbunden. Beide Veränderungsprozesse können sich wechselseitig bedingen. So kann z. B. Bedeutungswandel im Bereich der Verben Valenzänderungen hervorrufen, die die Anzahl und Semantik der Ergänzungen im Satz beeinflussen können. In diesen Prozess sind Veränderungen hinsichtlich Transitivität und Intransitivität einzelner Verben eingebettet.Im Beitrag wird nur ein Beispiel für lexikalischen Wandel kurz beschrieben, ohne zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt eine valide empirische Untersuchung vorzulegen. Mögliche dialektale Varianten in der Verwendung des Verbs bleiben unberücksichtigt. Das bisher transitiv verwendete Verb stillen wird in bestimmten Medien wie zum Beispiel in einem Internetforum zunehmend intransitiv gebraucht. Dieser Sprachwandel steht im Zusammenhang mit dem veränderten Blick auf physische und psychische Fähigkeiten von Säuglingen, denen eine aktivere Rolle beim Stillen zugeschrieben wird. Diese Rollenänderung gehe mit einem Wandel des Menschenbildes in der Gesellschaft und Kultur einher, so erste Überlegungen von Psychologen. Beispiele aus einem Internetforum belegen einen zunehmenden intransitiven Gebrauch des Verbs stillen und somit die sprachliche Innovation in der Lexik der deutschen Gegenwartssprache.
Tabula Gratulatoria
Authors: Krevs Birk Uršula
Published: October 2019

Tabula Gratulatoria
Phraseologie und Pragmatik
Authors: Jesenšek Vida
Published: October 2019

Der Beitrag geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass die semantisch-pragmatische Darlegung von Phraseologie in allgemeinen und speziellen Wörterbüchern noch immer viel zu wünschen übrig lässt. Er wendet sich der Frage zu, wie man die kom­plexe phraseologische Semantik und Pragmatik lexikographisch erfasst, damit sowohl phraseologietheoretische als auch praktisch-lexikographische und wörterbuchbenutzerorientierte Ansprüche gedeckt werden. Speziell geht er auf ausgewählte Aspekte der Pragmatik phraseologischer Ausdrücke ein (Bildlichkeit, Expressivität, Kontextgebundenheit, Sprachhandlungspotenzial, Sprechereinstellungen, Textsorten- und Medienspezifik), um exemplarisch zu zeigen, welche Anforderungen sich daraus für die (kontrastive) Phraseologie, praktische Lexikographie, Sprachdidaktik und übersetzerische Praxis ergeben. Vor allem wird dadurch das Ziel verfolgt, systematische, korpusempirische, analytische und sprachkontrastive Detailuntersuchungen zur Pragmatik der Phraseologie anzuregen und intensivieren. Zugleich werden Probleme angesprochen, die das in der Regel reiche pragmatische Potenzial der Phraseologie sowohl für die theoretische Phraseologieforschung als auch für praktische Anwendung deren Ergebnisse darstellt.
Zur Semantik von Kollokationen
Authors: Stojić Aneta
Published: October 2019

Als eine spezifische Art von Wortverbindungen stellen Kollokationen trotz zahlreicher einschlägiger Untersuchungen noch immer eine Herausforderung aus deskriptiver Perspektive dar. Das betrifft insbesondere die lexikalisch-semantische Ebene. Diese syntagmatischen Wortkombinationen, die zusammen eine Einheit bilden, unterscheiden sich wegen ihrer Unauffälligkeit und semantischen Transparenz auf den ersten Blick nicht von anderen sprachlichen Sequenzen. Vergleicht man sie aber mit gleichwertigen Verbindungen aus anderen Sprachen, erscheinen oftmals gewisse Unterschiede. Die Art und Weise, wie man Kollokationen bildet, und somit auch die Möglichkeit der Bildung neuer Bedeutungen, die aus einer bestimmten Wortkombination ergeht, ist nämlich jeder Sprache immanent. Kollokationen sind folglich einzelsprachspeziﬁsch. Mithilfe einer funktionalen strukturell-syntaktischen Sicht auf die Kollokationsbestandteile sollen im Beitrag die semantische Motivation, die semantische Kohäsion zwischen den Bestandteilen der Kollokation sowie die semantischen Modifikationen des Kollokators beleuchtet werden. Da die Spezifik der inhaltlichen Beziehungen oftmals erst im Sprachvergleich auf der lexikalischen Ebene deutlich wird, werden einzelne semantische Charakteristika am Beispiel von Kollokationen unterschiedlicher Sprachen illustriert. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die ambivalente inhaltliche Seite der Kollokationen aufzudecken, um somit zu einem besseren Verständnis dieser sprachlichen Erscheinung beizutragen.
Microcredit and poverty reduction (a focus on Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria)
Authors: Adeniran A.S. , Ogwumike F.O.
Published: October 2019

Micro-credit is a veritable tool to combating poverty. Poverty is a condition typified by deprivation of basic human needs such as food, safe dwelling place, safe drinking water and their likes. The thrust of this work was to examine the impact of Microfinance on poverty reduction before and after procurement of credit within Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research data collection and analysis were obtained from questionnaires. The microfinance tool has roused the interest of academics, policy makers and practitioners, and it has demonstrated huge potential for lending to poor households and has the capacity to help expand the business outlay of the small and medium scale entrepreneurs. Majority of the respondents were female (64%),married (90.5%),in monogamous marriages (80%),traders (55.3%),live in flats (62.5%),possess standard functional generators (62.5%),applied for loans from Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) (88.4%),received loans (92.1%),reported asset procurement after receiving the loans (80.4%) and reported that their business expanded after receiving the loans (85.9%).From the foregoing, it was revealed that microfinance credit scheme among the low-income market traders significantly brought about poverty reduction. Provision of microcredit to low-income market traders has the capacity to strengthen their small businesses, and if well-structured within the household socio-economic space, it has the potential to enhance local and national development.Keywords: Microcredit, poverty reduction, household, market traders, development
Borel sets without perfectly many overlapping translations
Authors: Rosłanowski Andrzej , Shelah Saharon
Published: October 2019

We study the existence of Borel sets B ⊆ ω2 admitting a sequence 〈ηα : α<λ〉 of distinct elements of ω2 such that |(ηα +B)∩(ηβ +B)| ≥ 6 for all α,β< λ but with no perfect set of such η’s. Our result implies that under the Martin Axiom, if ℵα < c, α< ω1 and 3 ≤ ι< ω, then there exists a Σ0 2 set B ⊆ ω2 which has ℵα many pairwise 2ι–nondisjoint translations but not a perfect set of such translations. Our arguments closely follow Shelah [7, Section 1]
The largest higher commutator sequence
Authors: Mudrinski Nebojša
Published: October 2019

Given the congruence lattice L of a finite algebra A that generates a congruence permutable variety, we look for those sequences of operations on L that have the properties of higher commutator operations of expansions of A. If we introduce the order of such sequences in the natural way the question is whether exists or not the largest one. The answer is positive. We provide a description of the largest element and as a consequence we obtain that the sequences form a complete lattice.
Linking large-scale circulation patterns to low-cloud properties
Authors: Juliano Timothy W. , Lebo Zachary J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The North Pacific High (NPH) is a fundamental meteorological feature present during the boreal warm season. Marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds, which are persistent in this oceanic region, are influenced directly by the NPH. In this study, we combine 11 years of reanalysis and an unsupervised machine learning technique to examine the gamut of 850-hPa synoptic-scale circulation patterns. This approach, which yields the frequency at which these regimes occur, reveals two distinguishable patterns – a dominant NPH setup and a land-falling cyclone – and in between a spectrum of regimes. We then use satellite retrievals to elucidate for the first time the explicit dependence of MBL cloud properties (namely cloud droplet number concentration and cloud droplet effective radius) on 850-hPa circulation patterns over the northeast Pacific Ocean. Moreover, we find that shortwave cloud radiative forcing ranges from − 144.0 to − 117.5 W/m2, indicating that the range of MBL cloud properties must be accounted for in global and regional climate models. Our results demonstrate the value of combining reanalysis and satellite observations to help clarify the relationship between synoptic-scale dynamics and cloud microphysics.
ELIFAN, an algorithm for the estimation of cloud cover from sky imagers
Authors: Lothon Marie , Barnéoud Paul , Gabella Omar , Lohou Fabienne , Derrien Solène , Rondi Sylvain , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Bastin Sophie , Dupont Jean-Charles , Haeffelin Martial , Badosa Jordi , Pascal Nicolas , Montoux Nadège
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In the context of a network of sky cameras installed on atmospheric multi-instrumented sites,
we present an algorithm named ELIFAN, which aims to estimate the cloud cover amount
from full-sky visible daytime images with a common principle and procedure.
ELIFAN was initially developed for a self-made full-sky image system presented in this article and adapted to a set of other systems in the network.
It is based on red-to-blue ratio thresholding for the distinction of cloudy and cloud-free pixels of the image
and on the use of a cloud-free sky library, without taking account of aerosol loading.
Both an absolute (without the use of a cloud-free reference image)
and a differential (based on a cloud-free reference image) red-to-blue ratio thresholding are used. An evaluation of the algorithm based on a 1-year-long series of images shows that the proposed algorithm
is very convincing for most of the images, with about 97 % of relevance in the process, outside the sunrise and sunset transitions.
During those latter periods, however, ELIFAN has large difficulties in appropriately processing the image due to a large difference in color composition
and potential confusion between cloud-free and cloudy sky at that time.
This issue also impacts the library of cloud-free images. Beside this, the library also reveals some limitations during daytime,
with the possible presence of very small and/or thin clouds. However, the latter have only a small impact on the cloud cover estimate. The two thresholding methodologies, the absolute and the differential red-to-blue ratio thresholding processes,
agree very well, with departure usually below 8 % except in sunrise–sunset periods and in some specific conditions.
The use of the cloud-free image library gives generally better results than the absolute process.
It particularly better detects thin cirrus clouds.
But the absolute thresholding process turns out to be better sometimes, for example in some cases in which the sun is hidden by a cloud.
Synergistic radar and radiometer retrievals of ice hydrometeors
Authors: Pfreundschuh Simon , Eriksson Patrick , Buehler Stefan A. , Brath Manfred , Duncan David , Larsson Richard , Ekelund Robin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The upcoming Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) radiometer, to be launched on board the second generation of European operational meteorological satellites (Metop-SG), will be the first microwave imager to provide sub-millimeter observations of the atmosphere. The Microwave Imager (MWI) radiometer will be flown on the same satellites and complement the ICI sensor with observations at traditional millimeter wavelengths. The addition of these two new passive microwave sensors to the global system of earth observation satellites opens up opportunities for synergistic satellite missions aiming to maximize the scientific return of the Metop-SG program. This study analyzes the potential benefits of combining observations of the MWI and ICI radiometers with a 94-GHz cloud radar for the retrieval of frozen hydrometeors. Starting from a simplified numerical experiment, it is shown that the complementary information content in the radar and radiometer observations can help to better constrain the particle size distribution of ice particles in the atmosphere. The feasibility of the combined retrieval is demonstrated by applying a one-dimensional, variational cloud-retrieval algorithm to simulated observations from a high-resolution atmospheric model. Comparison of the results with passive- and radar-only versions of the retrieval algorithm confirms that synergies between the active and passive observations allow an improved retrieval of microphysical properties of frozen hydrometeors. The effect of the assumed ice particle shape on the results is analyzed and found to be critical for obtaining good retrieval performance. In addition to this, the synergistic retrieval shows improved sensitivity to liquid water in both warm and supercooled clouds. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the potential of the combined observations to constrain the microphysical properties of ice hydrometeors which can help to reduce errors in retrieved profiles of mass- and number densities.
Linking economic and social factors to peak flows in an agricultural
watershed using socio-hydrologic modeling
Authors: Dziubanski David , Franz Kristie J. , Gutowski William
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Hydrologic modeling studies most often represent humans through predefined actions and fail to account for human responses under changing hydrologic conditions. By treating both human and hydrologic systems as co-evolving, we build a socio-hydrological model that combines an agent-based model (ABM) with a semi-distributed hydrologic model. The curve number method is used to clearly illustrate the impacts of landcover changes resulting from decisions made by two different agent types. Aiming to reduce flooding, a city agent pays farmer agents to convert land into conservation. Farmer agents decide how to allocate land between conservation and production based on factors related to profits, past land use, and willingness. The model is implemented for a watershed representative of the mixed agricultural/small urban area land use found in Iowa, USA. In this preliminary study, we simulate scenarios of crop yields, crop prices, and conservation subsidies along with varied farmer parameters that illustrate the effects of human system variables on peak discharges. High corn prices lead to a decrease in conservation land from historical levels; consequently, mean peak discharge increases by 6 %, creating greater potential for downstream flooding within the watershed. However, when corn prices are low and the watershed is characterized by a conservation-minded farmer population, mean peak discharge is reduced by 3 %. Overall, changes in mean peak discharge, which is representative of farmer land use decisions, are most sensitive to changes in crop prices as opposed to yields or conservation subsidies.
Anthropogenic Influence on the Rhine water temperatures
Authors: Zavarsky Alex , Duester Lars
Published: October 2019

Abstract. River temperature is an important parameter for water quality and an important variable for physical, chemical and biological processes. River water is also used by production facilities as cooling agent.We introduce a new way of calculating a catchment-wide air temperature and regressing river temperature vs air temperatures. As a result the meteorological influence and the anthropogenic influence can be studied separately. We apply this new method at four monitoring stations (Basel, Worms, Koblenz and Cologne) along 5 the Rhine and show that the long term trend (1979–2018) of river water temperature is, next to the increasing air temperature, mostly influenced by decreasing nuclear power production. Short term changes on time scales
How plant water status drives tree source water partitioning
Authors: Nehemy Magali F. , Benettin Paolo , Asadollahi Mitra , Pratt Dyan , Rinaldo Andrea , McDonnell Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (δ2H and δ18O) have been widely used to investigate plant water source partitioning. These tracers have shed new light on patterns of plant water use in time and space. However, this black box approach has limited our source water interpretations and mechanistic understanding. Here, we combine measurements of stable isotope composition in xylem and soil water pools with measurements of plant hydraulics, fine root distribution and soil matric potential to investigate mechanism(s) driving tree water source partitioning. We used a 2 m3 lysimeter planted with a small willow tree (Salix viminalis) to conduct a high spatial-temporal resolution experiment. We found that tree water source partitioning was driven mainly by tree water status and not by patterns of fine root distribution. Source water partitioning was regulated by plant hydraulic response to changing atmospheric demand and soil matric potential. The depth distribution of soil matric potential appeared to be the largest control on the patterns of soil water partitioning during periods of tree water deficit. Contrary to the common steady state assumption in ecohydrological source water investigations, our results show that tree water use is a dynamic process, driven by tree water deficit. Overall, our findings suggest new research foci for future plant water isotopic investigations, highlighting the importance of hydrometric measurements from the plant perspective.
LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING USING A RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NEURAL NETWORK MODEL: A CASE STUDY IN SEMIROM, ISFAHAN, IRAN
Authors: Yavari H. , Pahlavani P. , Bigdeli B.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In this paper, Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Network and Logistic Regression (LR) models were proposed for hazard prediction of landslides in a part of the Semirom area (Iran) to compare their accuracy and performance. For this purpose, a spatial database of the study area was prepared that consists of 68 landslide locations and 11 influencing information layers including slope, aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature, distance from faults, distance from roads, distance from residential regions, distance from rivers, land use, lithology and rainfall. Landslide hazard maps were prepared for the study area by applying the proposed algorithms. Performance of the models was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the Normal Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) were calculated for proposed methods. The outcomes showed that the RBF Neural Network has the highest R2 (0.8224), in comparison to that of the LR model (0.5365). Also, the ROC plots, RMSEs and NRMSEs showed that the proposed RBF Neural Network is much better than the LR model. Consequently, it can be concluded that the RBF Neural Network is the best regression model in this study and it can be considered as a capable method for landslide hazard mapping in landslide-susceptible areas.
CLASSIFICATION OF MOBILE TERRESTRIAL LIDAR POINT CLOUD IN URBAN AREA USING LOCAL DESCRIPTORS
Authors: Zaboli M. , Rastiveis H. , Shams A. , Hosseiny B. , Sarasua W. A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Automated analysis of three-dimensional (3D) point clouds has become a boon in Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, Computer Vision, and Robotics. The aim of this paper is to compare classifying algorithms tested on an urban area point cloud acquired by a Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanning (MTLS) system. The algorithms were tested based on local geometrical and radiometric descriptors. In this study, local descriptors such as linearity, planarity, intensity, etc. are initially extracted for each point by observing their neighbor points. These features are then imported to a classification algorithm to automatically label each point. Here, five powerful classification algorithms including k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network, and Random Forest (RF) are tested. Eight semantic classes are considered for each method in an equal condition. The best overall accuracy of 90% was achieved with the RF algorithm. The results proved the reliability of the applied descriptors and RF classifier for MTLS point cloud classification.
SEASONS IN STUTTGART: DEVELOPING A GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE TOOL FOR HEAT ISLAND MAPPING
Authors: Zafrir R. , Ojeda S. , Singh H. , Hahn M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This study generates a process in GEE (Google Earth Engine) for SUHI (Surface Urban Heat islands) identification derived from TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) and OLI (Operational Land Imager) sensors of Landsat 8 imagery in the area of Stuttgart, Germany. By comparing the temperature images in winter and summer seasons through a regression model, a relation between the Surface Cover (SC), the Terrain Shape (DEM) and the LST (Land Surface Temperature) is established. A Python code is developed for modelling the data and displaying the results linked to GEE. Three different models are used to establish the relationship between different variables (Temperature, Height, Wind etc.). Accuracy/goodness of fit of these models are measured using R-squared and standard error. Results shows that polynomial regression of 3rd order degree fits best to the dataset used in this study. Moreover, it is found that temperature values are not perfect for this study, as Landsat 8 have been acquired at 10’o clock in the morning (local time), whereas night time acquisition (which was not available for Stuttgart, Germany) would be best suited for the study. The results indicate that urban areas and meadow (open areas without vegetation) get the bigger values of temperature. Terrain Shape with respect to height indicates that the bigger the height, the lower the temperature in most of the regions. This project provides insight into the development of applications using a web-based platform and leads to a fast and accurate result for identifying the SUHI effect. It can contribute to the necessity of planning more vegetation areas in order to reduce hot temperature values in Stuttgart.
Gestor, o novo perfil do jornalista nas assessorias de comunicação no Ceará:
Authors: Moreira Farias Lia , Magalhães Tajra Vânia Maria
Published: October 2019

Esta pesquisa trata das novas tendências de mercado relacionadas aos profissionais da área de jornalismo, como o empreendedorismo. Objetiva compreender como a tecnologia e o empreendedorismo têm transformado o mercado jornalístico e exigido novas competências desse profissional. Embasa-se em uma revisão literária focada em analisar a influência de diversos fatores, como a internet e a globalização, na formação e nas habilidades exigidas aos jornalistas na era digital e também em um estudo de caso sobre a Caramelo Comunicação e Coworking. A empresa em questão se encaixa na temática da pesquisa por ser uma agência de comunicação integrada, idealizada e administrada por profissionais de comunicação, entre eles um jornalista.
COMPORTAMENTO DO CONCRETO FRENTE À AÇÃO DE CLORETOS E CO2 NA CIDADE DE PELOTAS/RS
Authors: Ferreira Carina Farias , Paliga Charlei Marcelo , Torres Ariela da Silva
Published: October 2019

As principais causas do comprometimento da vida útil das estruturas de concreto é a ação de cloretos e CO2. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação destes agentes em corpos-de-prova de concreto expostos em ambiente urbano na cidade de Pelotas/RS. Para tanto, foi realizado um ensaio para a estimativa da evolução do processo natural de penetração de cloretos e CO2, em cinco diferentes locais da cidade (um local no bairro Centro, Porto e Fragata e dois locais no bairro Três Vendas) e, também, para diferentes tempos de exposição aos cloretos e CO2 (4, 8, 12 e 16 meses). As profundidades de avanço dos cloretos e CO2 foram determinadas por meio da aplicação de nitrato de prata e fenolftaleína, nas amostras expostas ao ambiente urbano. Conforme esperado, foi encontrada uma tendência de aumento entre a primeira e a última medição para todos os locais analisados. Os valores encontrados foram significativos tanto para a penetração de cloretos quanto CO2, principalmente devido ao clima da cidade que se mostrou favorável a estes processos. Baseado nos resultados encontrados, este trabalho tem o intuito de colaborar nas pesquisas que utilizem mesmo método, e demonstrar a importância de considerar a ação do ambiente e sua influência direta do nas estruturas de concreto e da realização de estudos que o levem em consideração.
Bloomsbury Design Library
Authors: Turner Rachel
Published: October 2019

Bloomsbury Design Library (BDL) provides information, much of it scholarly, on art, artists, and architecture from 1500 BCE to the present. It offers access to books published by Bloomsbury Publishing, and also information about certain museums and their exhibits and some images of
items in these collections. The site also offers tools for educators, such as lesson plans and bibliographic guides. The site has a clear layout that is consistent across most pages and the content seems to be abundant. However, on closer inspection the content is less robust than it appears;
it is repeated in various forms throughout the website. On the plus side, this makes things more discoverable; for example, someone looking for Southern African design can find it more easily in the “place” category than by searching through the entire Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of
Design. On the downside, the redundancy makes it difficult to remember where one is on the site, as the same thing can be seen multiple times and there is sometimes a lack of sufficient breadcrumbs to show users how they got to a particular page. In addition, some of the topics have only one
to three items on their pages. Though it is valuable to have access to entire scholarly books such as the abovementioned encyclopedia and the overall design of the website is clear and pleasing, the lack of varied content and the insufficient use of breadcrumbs keep BDL from reaching its full
potential.
Religions of America
Authors: Tanner Martha
Published: October 2019

Religions of America makes available many valuable primary sources that one could not otherwise study without traveling to several archives in person. Multiple advanced search options make it possible to zero in on specific documents and publications that are relevant for one’s
research, something that wouldn’t be as easy when browsing the original documents within archives.Despite the fairly general name, the resource is very specialized. Materials in the collection only relate to a few denominations in America, many of them small, and several at the extreme
end of the spectrum (e.g., Branch Davidians, People’s Temple). While the resource would be invaluable to researchers interested in these specific groups and topics, the collections are not as useful for more general audiences seeking a broader picture. Some of the advanced search options
and digital tools (e.g., search publications by date, Topic Finder visualization) are clunky to use or don’t add that much research value.
Sociology Source Ultimate
Authors: Millhorn Jim
Published: October 2019

EBSCO’s Sociology Source Ultimate is the latest iteration of SocIndex and SocIndex full-text. The database purports to offer the broadest purview of sociological research and related literature. Sociology Source Ultimate stands out from its predecessors in the degree and extent
of its full text journal offerings including 1,072 full-text journals of which 1,009 are peer reviewed, 647 peer reviewed without embargo, and 601 full text offerings that are covered by either Web of Science or Scopus. In addition, the database offers full-text access to thousands of monographs,
edited volumes, conference papers and proceedings, reports, working papers, etc. Subject coverage ranges from deviant behavior to gender identity to social movements. A particularly notable feature of the database is its expansive coverage of international and foreign language journals.
TRAC (Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium)
Authors: Kraft Amanda
Published: October 2019

The Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium (TRAC) is a subscription-based, open source intelligence (OSINT) repository offering academic and news coverage of topics related to international and domestic terrorism. In addition to original, expert analysis of the ideology, targets,
and tactics of politically violent groups and individuals from over 2,800 consortium members described as “researchers in the fields of terrorism studies, political science, international relations, sociology, criminal justice, philosophy, and history,” TRAC provides profiles of
geographic regions and cities vulnerable to terrorist activity as well as images, videos, and links to outside resources dedicated to the documentation and study of terrorism. Operating within the sphere of fast-paced OSINT, TRAC cannot be evaluated by the same criteria as traditional databases
that index library-acquired, print, and electronically published materials, but this review will attempt to fairly critique the quality and usability of the product.
arXiv
Authors: Rosenbloom Lucy
Published: October 2019

The innovative preprint repository, arXiv, was created in the early 1990s to improve access to scientific research. arXiv contains millions of Open Access articles in physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering
and systems science, and economics. All articles are available for free download on the open web. Often research findings are available on arXiv before they are published in a peer-reviewed journal. arXiv relies on a collaborative support business model where institutions that most heavily
utilize arXiv contribute financially. Support also comes from Cornell University and the Simons Foundation.
The Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Egypt
Authors: Rashdan Abeer , Eissa Noura
Published: October 2019

Recently, Egypt has prioritized financial inclusion in its monetary reform agenda. The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in Egypt using the World Bank’s Global Findex 2017 database to conduct a logistic regression. Empirical results prove that there is no significant relationship between gender and the level of financial inclusion in Egypt, whereas, richer, more educated and older individuals are more strongly included in the financial system. The results reveal that the main barrier to financial inclusion is actually a lack of money; which hinders opening a formal account, savings account or credit account. Through possible policy measures, the paper recommends the need for a progressive approach to robust financial literacy and awareness in order for a positive economic growth role of financial inclusion to emerge in the Egyptian economy.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Zinc in Pharmaceutical Medication Samples Using 8-Hydroxyquinoline Reagent
Authors: Najim Safaa Sabri , Hameed Maha Abid Al-Hussian , Al-Shakban Mundher Abdulhasan , Fandi Tahseen Saddam
Published: October 2019

Simple, rapid, cheap and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of zinc in pharmaceutical samples. The method is based on the formation of zinc- 8-Hydroxy quinoline chelate, the maximum absorption (lmax) at 384 nm. The method obeyed Beer's law in the range 1-5 mg/mL and the corresponding molar absorptivity value is 0.01578 ´ 103 L.mol-1.cm-1. The Sandell sensitivity values of limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) was 0.381mg/mL and 1.156 mg/mL respectively. The recovery percentage of zinc was found 98.00 %, 98.96 %,99.91%, 97.50%, 98.5% and 99.30 % for (Capsule-13 mg), (Tablet-20 mg), (Tablet-40 mg),(Capsule-50 mg), (Capsule-50 mg) and (insulin vial-0.025 mg) respectively. All variable parameters has been optimized according to ICH guidelines. The limiting concentrations of some cations for interference by Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II),Sn(II) ,Pb(II), Mg(II), Ca(II) and Ba(II) are reported. The method accuracy was established by comparison with conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometric method by using t-test, ttab.= 2.571, tcal. =0.3231 at 95% confidence level, indicating the absence of systematic errors.
De juridische houdbaarheid van de doorleverplicht – een eerste verkenning
Authors: van Schelven B.A.
Published: October 2019

De juridische houdbaarheid van de doorleverplicht - een eerste verkenning

De juridische houdbaarheid van de doorleverplicht is afhankelijk van de omstandigheden van het geval. Een rechtsgrond die zich in absolute zin tegen de doorleverplicht verzet, dient zich niet direct aan. In de precontractuele fase zal een doorleverplicht vermoedelijk het snelst ontoelaatbaar worden geoordeeld indien de doorleverplicht in combinatie met een omzetplafond wordt opgelegd door een dominante zorgverzekeraar. In de nakomingsfase zal de doorleverplicht waarschijnlijk het snelst ontoelaatbaar worden geoordeeld indien de bedrijfsvoering van de zorgaanbieder in gevaar komt, de reden voor effectuering niet bij de zorgaanbieder ligt, de verzekerden voor dezelfde zorg terecht kunnen bij een andere zorgaanbieder en de prijs-kwaliteitverhouding te veel doorslaat naar prijs.
Zorgen over vrijheidsbeperking bij ouderen met dementie
Authors: Steen S.M.
Published: October 2019

Zorgen over vrijheidsbeperking bij ouderen met dementie; verslag van de najaarsvergadering van de Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht

Verslag van de op 4 november 2016 in het Domus Medica te Utrecht gehouden najaarsvergadering van de Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht.
Medische zorg aan irreguliere migranten: een status quo
Authors: Derckx V.L.
Published: October 2019

Medische zorg aan irreguliere migranten: een status quo

Nederland kent een financieringsregeling voor de verlening van medisch noodzakelijke zorg aan mensen zonder rechtmatig verblijf (‘irreguliere migranten’). Op papier lijkt deze regeling op orde. In de praktijk staat het internationaal erkende recht op zorg van de irreguliere migrant echter onder druk. De overheid pareert kritische signalen door structureel te verwijzen naar de vertrekplicht van de irreguliere migrant. Dit artikel bespreekt een aantal knelpunten rondom de toegang tot zorg van irreguliere migranten en sluit af met een pleidooi om op meer positieve wijze vorm te geven aan het recht op zorg van deze groep.
Leve het ziekenfonds!
Authors: Rijken J.J.
Published: October 2019

Leve het ziekenfonds! Vier argumenten voor een publiekrechtelijke volksverzekering tegen ziektekosten

In deze bijdrage wordt betoogd dat er goede argumenten zijn om de huidige privaatrechtelijke zorgverzekering te vervangen door een publiekrechtelijke volksverzekering tegen ziektekosten. Het aantal onverzekerden en wanbetalers zal verminderen. Ziekenfondsen kunnen beter dan zorgverzekeraars samen zorg inkopen. De huidige ‘private budgettering’ kan verdwijnen. De rechtsbescherming zal kunnen verbeteren.
Strafvorderlijke bepalingen Wetsvoorstel zeggenschap lichaamsmateriaal
Authors: van Barneveld D.J.P. , Kastelein W.R.
Published: October 2019

Strafvorderlijke bepalingen Wetsvoorstel zeggenschap lichaamsmateriaal

In dit artikel wordt het voorstel van de minister van VWS besproken om in het kader van de opsporing van ernstige strafbare feiten zonder toestemming lichaamsmateriaal te gebruiken dat bij een geneeskundige behandeling is verkregen. Hiermede wordt het verschoningsrecht buiten toepassing verklaard. Daartegen bestaan ernstige bezwaren, onder andere omdat de vrije toegang tot de zorg daarmede in het geding komt.
De professionele standaard: wat is een open en eerlijke reactie na een medisch incident?
Authors: Laarman B.S.
Published: October 2019

De professionele standaard: wat is een open en eerlijke reactie na een medisch incident?

In deze bijdrage wordt uiteengezet wat ‘openheid van zaken geven’ concreet inhoudt. Na een begrippenkader worden het doel en de achtergrond gegeven van de Wet kwaliteit, klachten en geschillen zorg (Wkkgz) als juridisch kader. Uit actuele inzichten uit wetenschap en (tucht)rechtspraak zijn vijf elementen van openheid af te leiden waaraan een open en eerlijke reactie moet voldoen, deze worden toegelicht.
Kroniek rechtspraak HvJ EU
Authors: de Gans M.T. , Stergiou H.M.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak HvJ EU

In deze kroniek wordt een overzicht gegeven van de jurisprudentie van het HvJ EU op het terrein van het gezondheidsrecht in de periode van 1 januari 2015 tot 1 februari 2017. De behandelde arresten hebben betrekking op de aanbesteding, bloedproducten, genees- en hulpmiddelen, discriminatie op grond van handicap en beroepen.
Ontslag op staande voet. Disbalans tussen zorgvuldig onderzoek en onverwijldheid?
Authors: Bungener Alf , Mordaunt Lorraine
Published: October 2019

Problematiek onderwijldheidseis versus zorgvuldigheid en bewijs

In beginsel kan een ontslag op staande voet worden verleend zonder bewijs en kan de volledige bewijslevering aan de orde komen in een procedure. De onverwijldheidseis vergt voortvarendheid en dat kan ten koste gaan van de zorgvuldigheid van het onderzoek en dus ook de bewijsvoering. Aan de hand van de voorgestelde alternatieven wordt een meer evenwichtige methodiek geïntroduceerd voor kwesties waarin feiten spelen die ontslag op staande voet kunnen rechtvaardigen.
Ontslagbescherming in Nederland: in dienst van baanzekerheid of werkzekerheid?
Authors: Zekić Nuna
Published: October 2019

Ontslagbescherming in Nederland: in dienst van baanzekerheid of werkzekerheid?

Het ontslagrecht is sinds de Wwz ingrijpend veranderd. Een van de doelen van de Wwz was een omslag maken van baanzekerheid naar werkzekerheid. Het idee van een verschuiving van baan- naar werkzekerheid is niet nieuw. Elementen van werkzekerheid zijn met de Wwz geïntroduceerd in het ontslagrecht, maar in hoeverre heeft er nu een verschuiving plaatsgevonden van baanzekerheid naar werkzekerheid? Dit is de centrale vraag van deze bijdrage.
De generatieregeling; bezint eer ge begint?
Authors: Donner Broersma Cornelien
Published: October 2019

De generatieregeling; bezint eer ge begint?

Niet alle werknemers zijn in staat om tot aan de gestegen AOW-leeftijd te blijven werken. Voor hen kan een zogenoemde generatieregeling uitkomst bieden; oudere werknemers werken minder uren terwijl hun pensioenopbouw en (een deel van) het loon over de niet gewerkte uren door de werkgever worden gecontinueerd. Generatieregelingen zijn niet uniform; de praktijk laat een veelvoud aan regelingen zien. Wel geldt een uniform fiscaal en juridisch kader. In dit artikel ga ik in op de toepasselijke fiscale en juridische wet- en regelgeving van een generatieregeling en formuleer ik enkele aandachtspunten voor werkgevers die een generatieregeling willen opzetten.
The application of virtual reality in neuro-rehabilitation: motor re-learning supported by innovative technologies
Authors: Kiper Paweł , Szczudlik Andrzej , Mirek Elżbieta , Nowobilski Roman , Opara Józef , Agostini Michela , Tonin Paolo , Turolla Andrea
Published: October 2019

The motor function impairment resulting from a stroke injury has a negative impact on autonomy, the activities of daily living thus the individuals affected by a stroke need long-term rehabilitation. Several studies have demonstrated that learning new motor skills is important to induce neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Innovative technologies used in rehabilitation allow one the possibility to enhance training throughout generated feedback. It seems advantageous to combine traditional motor rehabilitation with innovative technology in order to promote motor re-learning and skill re-acquisition by means of enhanced training. An environment enriched by feedback involves multiple sensory modalities and could promote active patient participation. Exercises in a virtual environment contain elements necessary to maximize motor learning, such as repetitive and diffe-rentiated task practice and feedback on the performance and results. The recovery of the limbs motor function in post-stroke subjects is one of the main therapeutic aims for patients and physiotherapist alike. Virtual reality as well as robotic devices allow one to provide specific treatment based on the reinforced feedback in a virtual environment (RFVE), artificially augmenting the sensory information coherent with the real-world objects and events. Motor training based on RFVE is emerging as an effective motor learning based techniques for the treatment of the extremities.
Operational Warfare
in War College
and War Studies University
Authors: Parafianowicz Ryszard
Published: October 2019

Having own operational warfare based on deeply rooted domestic military culture and
positively verified combat cases, being now historical experiences inspiring next
generations, is one of the foundations of the armed forces. Polish art of war in the
20th century developed freely in the Second Republic of Poland: it was a period, when
the foundations for Polish operational art were established. Poland, in consequence
of a betrayal by its western allies, after World War II found itself in the Soviet zone of
influences, and this meant breaking up with the achievements of the Second Republic
of Poland, including the art of war. Regaining Independence at the break of 1989/1990
was a distinct turning point in the development of the art of war, and meant the
necessity to search for new solutions adequate for the challenges stemming from
contemporary geopolitical location, as well as from its defense self-sufficiency. This
required a new outlook on operational warfare. The following turning point was the
membership in North-Atlantic Alliance and the participation of the Polish Armed Forces
in stabilization operations in the Balkans, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Both in the Second
Republic of Poland and today, military education of command and staff professionals
had a significant impact on Polish operational art.
Wybrane aspekty
polityki bezpieczeństwa
i obrony Finlandii
Authors: Wróblewska Angelika
Published: October 2019

Po zakończeniu zimnej wojny większość państw zachodniej Europy czuła się bezpiecznie
i nie zwracała uwagi na rosnące u ich granic zagrożenie. Dopiero agresywne działania
Rosji na arenie międzynarodowej skłoniły Zachód do reakcji. Kolejne europejskie stolice
uznawały Federację Rosyjską za zagrożenie i zauważały, że ich siły zbrojne nie są gotowe
do obrony granic. Zaczęły dostrzegać, że Moskwa w swojej polityce zagranicznej kieruje
się przede wszystkim interesem narodowym.
Finlandia przez długi czas nie podejmowała działań mających na celu zwiększenie
swojego bezpieczeństwa. Obecnie próbuje nadrobić zaległości w tej dziedzinie. Ze
względu na swoje specyficzne położenie geopolityczne czyni ostrożne kroki: z jednej
strony dąży do zacieśnienia współpracy z Zachodem, z drugiej – stara się nie pogorszyć
i tak już trudnych relacji z Rosją.