bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Basic Competence in Primary Care: A Spanish Translation and Cross-Cultural Validation of the CAPA Questionnaire
Authors: Romero-Domínguez Victor , Ponjoan Anna , Vidal Mireia , Alves-Cabratosa Lia , Pol-Pons Anna
Published: September 2024

Background:

The number of validated questionnaires that assess the level of breastfeeding competence of primary care professionals who attend lactating mothers is limited.

Research Aim:

To validate the CAPA (Competència en l’Atenció Primària sobre Alletament [Breastfeeding Competence in Primary Care]) questionnaire into Spanish in collaboration with professionals from the primary care services of the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain).

Methods:

In this multicentric study, four bilingual healthcare professionals translated the CAPA questionnaire into Spanish and back-translated it into Catalan. The cross-cultural adaptation included a discussion by an expert committee, a review by a philologist, and a pilot study that involved 13 healthcare residents. We randomly selected professionals from specialties involved in breastfeeding. The re-test was conducted 3 weeks later, aiming to avoid changes in the studied population. We performed a factor analysis to identify underlying constructs and hypothesis-testing to assess the validity of the questionnaire and estimated the Cronbach Alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess its reliability.

Results:

A total of 198 professionals participated by responding to the questionnaire. Factorial analysis showed that the questionnaire was unidimensional. Hypothesis testing showed that, of all the considered professional groups, midwives achieved the highest mean score ( M = 131.7, SD = 10.9, p < 0.001). Amongst the other professionals, only 26.5% achieved a basic level of breastfeeding competence. The Cronbach alpha and ICC were 0.852 (95% CI [0.821, 0.880]) and 0.890 (95% CI [0.800. 0.937]).

Conclusions:

The Spanish CAPA questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing breastfeeding basic competence among primary care professional groups who attend lactating mothers.
Research and analysis of rock breaking mechanical model of single-roller PDC compound bit
Authors: Kong Chunyan , Yang Mingkun , Jin Yangyang , Li Yang , Junfu Zhang
Published: September 2024

In order to improve wear resistance and rock breaking efficiency of single-roller bit, a new type of bit, single-roller PDC compound bit is designed. The mechanical model of interaction between PDC teeth and rock of single-roller PDC compound bit is established, and the theoretical calculation formula of resultant force and torque generated by interaction between PDC teeth and rock on cone and bit is obtained. The rock-breaking experiment on the single-roller PDC compound bit are carried out. The results show that with the increase of front inclination angle, the axial force and radial force of PDC teeth decrease greatly at first and then tend to be stable, while the tangential force of PDC teeth decreases at first and then increases slightly; the axial force, radial force and tangential force all increase with the increase of the cutting depth; the maximum values of the three forces all appear at the position of the combined effect of the maximum cutting depth and the minimum front inclination angle. The maximum value of moment [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] both appear at the minimum value of h C and δ, while the maximum value of moment [Formula: see text] appears at the minimum value of δ. In order to reduce the acting moment generated by PDC cutter on the roller, the PDC cutter at different position heights can be designed with different front inclination angles. The rock breaking experiment results show that compared with the common single-roller bit, the single-roller PDC compound bit has higher rock breaking efficiency and better development prospect. When drilling in hard limestone, the single-roller PDC compound bit is more energy-efficient under higher WOB.
Damping optimization of a fully viscoelastic structure with enforced mass reduction
Authors: McKenzie Adam , Potvin Marie-Josée , Kim Il Yong
Published: September 2024

Current damping methods employed in industry, such as Constrained Layer Damping (CLD), all require the introduction of additional mass and a secondary material to the structure. In transportation industries, this weight addition is often correlated with an increase in operational costs. Additionally, in applications with large temperature changes, such as in space, the secondary material introduces an additional source of stress during thermal expansion and contraction. This work presents a methodology to significantly improve the damping performance of a fully viscoelastic, single material structure while also enforcing a mass reduction. The work expands upon the modal strain energy (MSE) method to calculate the damping performance of a fully viscoelastic structure and develops a novel weighting scheme to make the optimization more robust. The methodology is then implemented on a technology demonstration thermoplastic lunar rover. This implementation demonstrates the ability to optimize a fully viscoelastic structure to significantly improve the damping performance while also achieving a large decrease in mass. The implementation also demonstrates the robustness of the weighting scheme as it allows the natural frequencies to shift between iterations. The skin thickness of the rover’s base panel was optimized. After optimization, the base panel of the rover achieved a 20% damping improvement for Mode 1 with a 9% mass reduction. The skin thickness of the full rover was optimized and achieved a 15% damping improvement for Mode 2 with an 11% mass reduction.
Dynamic decoupling and compensation based on the inverted network technique and experiment research for multi-axis hydraulic road simulator
Authors: Wang Xiao , Hu Fanglin , Yao Longyuan , Li Kun , Han Junwei
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a dynamic decoupling and compensation approach to eliminate channel interaction for a multi-axis hydraulic road simulator. Misalignment of the concentrated moving mass centroid on the entire test bench with the control point and inconsistencies in actuator dynamics leads to dynamic coupling, which deteriorates the motion performance of the system. To solve the problem, an inverted decoupling and compensation network based on an identification model is proposed. Firstly, the system is modeled using the recursive extended least square (RELS) identification method. In the feedforward compensation modeling process, the steady-state inverse is obtained using zero-magnitude error technology control (ZMETC). In addition, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter with an adaptive algorithm is employed to reduce the adverse impact of the modeling error. The proposed decoupling strategy is validated by conducting experiments using a multi-axis hydraulic road simulator. The experimental results indicate that the designed compensator can effectively decrease the cross-coupling of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. The suggested approach is also applicable to applications that necessitate the elimination of interactions between different control variables.
Can applying a motivation theory of elderly volunteers help solve the management dilemma of rural libraries? A case study from China
Authors: Pan Wei , Chen Geng , Li Chenlu , Wu Yuxi
Published: September 2024

The biggest management dilemma of rural libraries stems from the shortage of librarians. This study draws upon the case analysis of Qiluo Library in China to investigate the volunteering motivation of the elderly as well as the feasibility of the model of a rural library run entirely by elderly volunteers. Through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, it was found that the elderly had four types of motivation for volunteering at rural libraries: endogenous egoism, exogenous egoism, endogenous altruism, and exogenous altruism. Connecting motivation with rural libraries’ dilemma of personnel shortages is of great significance. Despite some challenges, the Qiluo model of library operations provides an innovative and effective way of managing rural libraries in the context of librarian shortages and an aging population, especially in areas with low elderly mobility and less-developed economies. The construction of a motivational framework of elderly volunteers also provides new ideas for addressing the library dilemma.
Idle Time in Prison: The Emotional, Social, and Practical Impacts of Incapacitation
Authors: Fox Kathryn J. , Crocker Abigail M.
Published: September 2024

The existing research on the prevalence and impact of boredom in prison is extensive. The passing of time and its unique meaning in a prison context has been documented. Missing from the research is an analysis of the ways in which “warehouse” prisons do not prioritize meaningful activity, even when there is agreement between correctional staff and incarcerated individuals about the negative impacts of idle time in prison. Based upon research in a Vermont men’s prison, we use data involving incarcerated individuals and correctional staff, including focus groups and interviews, surveys, and qualitative feedback on the meaning of the survey results. Synthesizing these various data forms, this article focuses on the relationship between incarcerated persons’ perceptions of how they are able to spend their time in the facility, how prepared they feel for release, lack of opportunities to earn money, and the impacts on their wellbeing. “Warehousing,” as it is known in prison terms, contributes to the sense of hopelessness that incarcerated people feel, and acknowledgment by staff that the prison function is incapacitation. As this project is aimed at improving prison climate, addressing idle time in prison emerged as a high priority.
Facets of Team Equity: A Scoping Review
Authors: Moffat Andrew D. , Matz Rebecca L. , Fowler Robin Revette , Jeffrey Madison
Published: September 2024

This article presents the findings of a scoping review looking at conceptualizations of team equity in academic literature between 2017 and 2021. A search and filter process produced a set of 42 publications containing discussion of equity or equality at the team level. A qualitative thematic analysis was carried out on the data resulting in a set of seven themes characterized as facets of team equity: alignment, dialogism, heterophily, participation, power, ownership, and risk. Each facet is presented and illustrated with excerpts from the scoping review data followed by implications for the operationalization of equity at the team level. This analysis sheds light on the multi-dimensionality of equity in a team space, providing context for discussions about the difficulty of using simple quantitative measures for such a complex phenomenon. We hope the facets help researchers and practitioners use and operationalize the concept in ongoing efforts to combat historically-grounded injustices.
Evaluation of Sphenoid Sinus Variations in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Comprehensive Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Tepe Rabia Duman , Guray Beliz , Akca Elif Akbas , Karabas Hulya Cakir
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to compare sphenoid sinus variations between unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and healthy controls using CBCT images. It is notable for its large sample size and comparison of unilateral and bilateral cleft patients, cleft and noncleft sides, and different age groups.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

University Hospital.

Patients

CBCT images of 97 CLP patients (76 unilateral, 21 bilateral) and 97 healthy controls were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures: Sphenoid sinus main types, sellar subtypes, clival, and lateral extensions were assessed for all groups.

Results

A significant increase in the anterior type was observed in both unilateral and bilateral CLP groups. The bilateral CLP group had a higher prevalence of the lesser wing type. In CLP and control groups, lesser wing, combined type, and lateral type were statistically significantly lower under 13 years of age.

Conclusions

The study highlights an elevated prevalence of anterior pneumatization in unilateral and bilateral CLP individuals, emphasizing its significance in surgery planning due to proximity to critical structures like the optic nerve and sphenopalatine artery. The increased prevalence of the lesser wing type in bilateral CLP patients requires extra caution during anterior clinoidectomy. Lower pneumatization rates in CLP patients under 13 suggest their sphenoid sinus development is similar to that of healthy individuals. Understanding these variations is crucial for appropriate surgical planning and avoiding complications during transsphenoidal surgery.
Disturbance in Multitier Supply Chain Under Competition
Authors: Zhang Wenxiu , Shen Zuo-Jun Max
Published: September 2024

Disturbances in production along with volatile demand have raised concerns over shortfalls in the global supply chain and prompted the need to build a more diversified supply chain with competitive suppliers. This research investigates the impact of disturbances on a two-tier supply chain network with asymmetric competing firms. We establish the equilibrium in a unique structure that represents the maximum set of profitable upstream supply paths achievable through competition and exhibits stability under specific conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of the supply chain configuration by a shortfall problem and solve it with an adapted pseudoflow algorithm that efficiently identifies the mismatches between shortfalls and capacity surpluses in the multitier network. The parametric analysis reveals that the disturbance loss can be significantly offset by supplier competition, although the marginal benefit of competition decreases rapidly with the number of suppliers. Furthermore, shortfalls could be magnified by network asymmetries that increase configuration inefficiency, and supply chain performance could be improved by pushing high-cost firms to cease production. Simulation results indicate that the supply chain with a moderate level of competition and a balanced configuration can be robust against disturbance and demand volatility.
From Ads to Action: The Influence of Interest Group Supreme Court Confirmation Advertisements on Political Engagement
Authors: Bird Christine C. , Houston Rachael , Shieh Marcy
Published: September 2024

Interest groups capitalize on the opportunity to influence salient U.S. Supreme Court confirmations, while pursuing organizational and policy goals and hoping to mobilize the public. We test the opportunities and limits of ad influence on political mobilization specifically looking at calls to action (i.e., donations, contacting senators, and social media engagement). By analyzing responses to real interest group-produced video ads from Amy Coney Barrett’s and Ketanji Brown Jackson’s nominations, we discover ads can potentially influence individuals’ political behavior online and spur offline political engagement. Specifically, we find name recognition, partisan congruence, and positive tone positively influence respondent engagement in calls to action. We find ad format in terms of forced exposure and negative tone decrease engagement likelihood. Our study contributes novel insights into the role of online advertising in shaping political behavior around nominations in the digital age.
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor Predominant Mixed Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sarkar Subho , Mandal Srijita , Ayyanar Pavithra , Goud M Srikanth , Naik Suprava , Mishra Tushar Subhadarshan , Panigrahi Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2024

An epithelioid trophoblastic tumor is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia that mostly affects the uterus and endocervix in female patients of the reproductive age group. The tumor is believed to arise from chorion leave-type intermediate trophoblast. The epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in men is extremely rare and mostly described in association with mixed germ cell tumors of the testis. It is more commonly identified at the metastatic sites than in the testis. The epithelioid trophoblastic tumor should be differentiated from placental site trophoblastic tumor and squamous cell carcinoma. The distinctive morphology and characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern help differentiate epithelioid trophoblastic tumors from other neoplasms. Only 7 male patients with epithelioid trophoblastic tumors have been described to date. Of these 7 patients, 4 were in metastatic sites, 2 in the testis, and 1 in the lung without the involvement of the testis or retroperitoneum. The proportion of epithelioid trophoblastic tumors was only 5% in the 2 patients with testis involvement. Here, we report the third patient with a primary testicular epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in a young man. Further, this is the first report to document epithelioid trophoblastic tumor as dominant histology in a testicular germ cell tumor.
Physicochemical and microbiological evaluation of treated Gastrodia elata with combination of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and lithium magnesium silicate under certain temperatures and different storage periods
Authors: Aleryani Hamzah , Al-Dalali Sam , Gao Qing , Abdo Abdullah AA , Al-Zamani Zakarya , Sri Prabakusuma Adhita , Ahmada Ahmada Khamis , Alals Omar Abdulqader , He Jin-song
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with lithium magnesium silicate hydrosol on the quality of fresh slices of Gastrodia elata under varying storage temperatures, including room temperature fresh slices of Gastrodia elata 25 °C and 37 °C. Fresh slices of Gastrodia elata 25 and 37 samples were stored for 13 days and extensively analyzed for color, weight loss, decay index, bacterial count, vitamin C, and polysaccharide contents during different storage periods. The findings revealed that the slightly acidic electrolyzed water + hydrosol treatment notably decreased weight loss and decay index compared to distilled water and slightly acidic electrolyzed water treatments. Moreover, fresh slices of Gastrodia elata treated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water  + hydrosol exhibited untraceable bacterial counts after 3 days, with counts starting to increase after 7 days of storage. The bacterial counts rose from 3.25 to 5.36 and from 4.13 to 5.79 log CFU/g under both storage conditions. The application of slightly acidic electrolyzed water + hydrosol resulted in reduced chromaticity values of L*, a*, and b* on the Gastrodia elata surface, along with a lower percentage loss of polysaccharide contents and vitamin C compared to distilled water and slightly acidic electrolyzed water treatments. These results suggested that Gastrodia elata treated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water + hydrosol maintained its quality characteristics and nutritional attributes, exhibiting greater stability during storage.
To Alleviate Stigma: How Incels Negotiate Masculinity Online
Authors: Andersen Jan Christoffer
Published: September 2024

This article draws on Goffman’s stigma theory to explore how incels (involuntary celibates) alleviate stigma and negotiate masculinity by employing normification, minstrelization, and militant chauvinism. Using netnographic research, I qualitatively explore three incel forums consisting of 927 comment threads. While incels advocate antifeminism and misogyny, they also exhibit traits and behaviors usually avoided in subcultures dominated by men, such as narratives of loneliness and inadequacy related to hegemonic ideals of masculinity and hyper-masculinity. This article explores the ambiguity of gender processes online, identity negotiation among incels and the use and combination of various stigma management strategies to uphold, challenge, or reject hegemonic masculinity. I argue that closer attention to stigma can help us understand incels’ countercultural expressions within broader social and cultural notions about masculinity and shame.
Management of vascular access inflow-outflow imbalance: A bimodal approach
Authors: Beathard Gerald A , Jennings William C , Malik Jan , Wasse Haimanot , Dolmatch Bart L , Ross John , Shenoy Surendra , Pabir Roy-Chaudhury , Sachdeva Bharat , Rajan Dheeraj , Niyyar Vandana Dua , Nassar George M , Peden Eric , Lee Timmy , McLennan Gordon , Shahverdyan Robert
Published: September 2024

A more accurate descriptive and clinically useful diagnosis based upon pathophysiology for what is commonly referred to as venous outflow stenosis is inflow-outflow imbalance. In these cases, the total outflow capacity of the AV access is inadequate to handle the inflow volume (Qa) without an increase in pressure. The relative inadequacy of the access outflow capacity in comparison to Qa results in increased outflow resistance and a proportional increase in intraluminal pressure. The clinical indicators associated with venous stenosis are the resulting manifestations of this imbalance. The point at which this occurs is dependent upon variations in these two parameters—Qa and outflow resistance. The variations in these two parameters are considerable and reciprocal. Excessive Qa results in or can lead to an entire list of serious problems that adversely affect patient morbidity and mortality. Most studies dealing with AV access Qa reduction have been for the treatment of an existing condition rather than its prevention; however, prevention of disease rather than waiting for its development is an important tenet of medical practice. The resulting clinical picture of inflow-outflow imbalance is taken as an indication for corrective treatment. In the past, in most cases this has meant angioplasty to open the outflow if it is reduced; however, this clinical picture may be associated with an excessive Qa and angioplasty in these cases creates the risk for a further increase in Qa. It is the authors’ opinion that access flow measurements should be a part of the evaluation of these cases prior to planning treatment. Using this information, a bimodal approach to primary treatment should be adopted involving either angioplasty for cases with a low or normal Qa or flow reduction in cases with an elevated Qa.
The Impact of a Medication Therapy Management Service on the Outcomes of Hypertension Treatment Follow-Up Care in an Ethiopian Tertiary Hospital: A Pre-Post Interventional Study
Authors: Bulo Belachew , Woldu Minyahil , Beyene Alemseged , Mekonnen Desalew , Engidawork Ephrem
Published: September 2024

Background:

According to a report from the WHO, an estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. Medication therapy management (MTM) service is a clinical service based on the theoretical and methodological framework of pharmaceutical care practice, which aims to ensure the best therapeutic outcomes for the patient by identifying, preventing, and resolving drug therapy problems (DTPs).

Purpose:

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of MTM on hypertension management in Ethiopia.

Methods:

A pre-post interventional study design was used. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and logistic regressions were employed to present and analyze data.

Results:

The final analysis included 279 patients out of 304, with a 7.8% attrition rate. The prevalence of drug therapy problems (DTPs) reduced from 63.4% at baseline to 31.5% during the post-intervention phase. Polypharmacy (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.27-4.77) and complications (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27-0.99) were substantially associated with DTPs at the start of the study. The MTM resulted in a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (AOR = 5.31, 95% CI (3.50-7.11), P < .001), as well as a significant increase ( P < .001) in the number of study patients who reached a target BP. At the end of the MTM intervention, non-adherence was linked with DTP (AOR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.33-4.334) and living outside Addis Ababa (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.38-1.88). On average, treatment satisfaction was 86.55% (+SD) 10.34.

Conclusion:

To resolve DTPs and improve clinical outcomes, the MTM service was critical. The majority of patients were found to be compliant with a high treatment satisfaction score.
Caring for a child with cancer: Parental competence, distress, and cortisol levels
Authors: Benaroya-Milshtein Noa , Cohen Ben-Simon Or , Natanzon Tamar , Avishai-Neumann Meital , Moka Adi , Tsuk-Ram Noa , Roessner Veit , Buse Judith , Uhlmann Anne , Daches Shimrit
Published: September 2024

Parents of children facing cancer are subject to psychological distress. In this study, we explored whether the time that had passed since a child’s cancer diagnosis was associated with parents’ distress levels and whether parental sense of competence (PSOC) moderated this association. Forty-four parents of children with cancer who were hospitalized during 2022 participated. Parents completed questionnaires and provided hair samples for the examination of hair cortisol concentration (HCC). Correlations indicated no significant association between time since diagnosis and distress indices. Yet, linear regression analysis revealed that PSOC moderated the association between time since diagnosis and parental HCC ( β = −0.36, p < 0.05). For parents with low PSOC, time since diagnosis did not predict parental HCC. For parents with high PSOC, a longer time since diagnosis was associated with lower levels of parental HCC. Our results provide support for the clinical significance of PSOC as a target for intervention.
A hierarchical clustering analysis of classroom emotional profiles of Grade-4-to-5 EFL learners: Classroom emotions, motivation, family backgrounds, and proficiency development
Authors: Tsang Art , Yeung Susanna Siu-sze
Published: September 2024

Although research into emotions has flourished in second language (L2) / foreign language (FL) learning in recent decades, few attempts have been made to examine learners as clusters based on their emotional profiles. The current study set out to first investigate the nature of 98 Grade-4-to-5 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ emotional profiles, as represented by classroom anxiety, boredom, and enjoyment. The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three distinct profiles: Negative Emotion (NE; 21.43%), High Enjoyment (HE; 46.93%), and high in both Enjoyment and Anxiety (EA; 31.63%). We then analysed FL motivation and family background (household income and parental education) between the three groups. We also compared the FL proficiency levels (listening, reading, speaking, and writing) between the three groups from three perspectives: baseline scores (T1), scores one year later (T2), and growth (from T1 to T2). Multiple significant differences were found. The most common pattern was HE demonstrated higher scores than NE (e.g. in various aspects of language proficiency). EA also had higher scores than NE in some areas. HE and EA were largely similar, the only significant difference being HE having higher listening and speaking motivation than EA did. Interestingly, no significant differences were found in family background between the three groups.
‘They think we’re just in God’s waiting room’: A discursive study on identity aloneness in stroke survivors
Authors: Jefferson Lewis , Dunne Stephen
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the rhetorical strategies used by stroke survivors to attend to identity aloneness, a phenomenon in which individuals experience a sense of disconnect from others as a consequence of identity change, for which stroke is known as an antecedent. Three stroke survivors, and their spouses, were interviewed about their stroke, social support, and experiences with loneliness and identity change. The data was transcribed using a simplified version of the Jeffersonian method and analysed using a critical discursive psychological approach. This made it possible to examine the way in which the psychological business of identity aloneness was managed in participants’ talk via discursive devices such as metaphors and category entitlement, while also leaving room to consider how broader societal discourses were drawn upon. The analysis revealed two critical ways in which participants attended to the issue of identity aloneness: (1) by crafting and occupying a position of resilience; (2) by managing the impact of the post-stroke social world on their identities. These findings offer insight into how the issue of identity aloneness is made sense of by stroke survivors in the context of a discussion with an interviewer. Finally, findings informed future directions for research, including developing a comprehensive theory of identity aloneness using a grounded theory approach and developing and validating a psychometric measure of identity aloneness to be applied in a rehabilitative setting.
Recasting technocracy theory and analysis: Avenues for a critical-qualitative research framework
Authors: Cozzolino Adriano , Caterina Daniela , Giannone Diego
Published: September 2024

Technocracy strongly marks contemporary transformations of political and institutional regimes. Such increasing relevance triggered an exponential growth of dedicated research. Yet, this research often features a quantitative approach based on a reified conception of technocracy, resulting in a rationalist and functionalist perspective neglecting the political dimension. Technocracy is thus implicitly conceived as a depoliticised phenomenon deterministically set to ever-expand in democratic regimes. In contrast, this article proposes a recast of technocracy theory and analysis. First, we rethink the phenomenon of technocracy by exploring the agency of technocratic politics. Second, in epistemological and methodological terms, we lay the foundations for a systematic and robust qualitative research framework capable of tackling this form of politics by other – technocratic – means. To this end, we propose Critical Discourse Analysis as a main candidate to fulfil our theoretical-epistemic purposes, offering a detailed roadmap of a critical-qualitative approach to technocrats’ agency and discourse.
A universal application of the general integral transform: New technique for the analysis of nonlinear oscillator systems
Authors: Niu Jing-Yan
Published: September 2024

The wide applicability of a nonlinear oscillator is the main reason why it has gained so much attention from mathematicians and scientists, while it is difficult to be solved both numerically and theoretically. Variational iteration method is one of the numerical approaches which are used to investigate these nonlinear systems. In this paper, we present a nonlinear oscillator arising in a micro-electromechanical system as an example and derive its analytical solution by He’s frequency formula method and variational iteration method coupled with a new general integral transformation. The Lagrange multiplier is formulated and the new iterative format for the correction functional of the variational iteration method is given by the general integral transformation. The approximate nonlinear frequencies are achieved by this new technique and compared with the numerical ones obtained by the Runge–Kutta method. The new general integral transformation has the same essential qualities as those for Laplace and Fourier transform, and it becomes a promising tool to nonlinear problems when coupled with the variational iteration method.
Assessing the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of coconut coir composites with varying iron particle concentrations
Authors: Johny K Robin , Bhagyanathan C , Rathnaraj J David
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of Coconut Coir-based Porous Carbon (CCPC) composites with varying iron (Fe) particle concentrations, specifically focusing on four different weight ratios of CCPC/Fe-80, CCPC/Fe-60, CCPC/Fe-40, and CCPC/Fe-20. The novelty of this work lies in the use of sustainable coconut coir as a base material, emphasizing its eco-friendly and cost-effective attributes for Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The significance of varying iron particle concentrations is highlighted to optimize electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on these composites. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline Fe particles and amorphous carbon, with crystalline sizes determined via Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot, Scherrer Equation, and Strain Size Plot (SSP) ranging from 17.33 nm to 18.01 nm for the former. Raman spectroscopy revealed distinctive D and G bands, with intensity ratios indicating a slight increase in structural disorder with higher Fe content. UV-Visualization spectroscopy demonstrated distinct absorption peaks, with higher Fe content resulting in more pronounced absorbance and lower band gap energies. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses provided detailed insights into the material's microstructure and elemental composition, confirming the successful integration of Fe particles within the porous carbon matrix. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) testing measured the reflection loss (RL), showing values in the range of −26.4 dB to −20.2 dB, for 2 mm thick samples, corresponding to electromagnetic wave attenuation of over 99%. These results underscore the potential of CCPC/Fe composites, particularly in applications requiring effective Electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation. This research offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution, contributing significantly to the field of materials science by enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in various technological applications.
Computational investigation of a methanol compression ignition engine assisted by a glow plug
Authors: Liu Xinlei , Sim Jaeheon , Raman Vallinayagam , Viollet Yoann , AlRamadan Abdullah S , Cenker Emre , Im Hong G
Published: September 2024

This work explores the feasibility of pure methanol combustion in a light-duty diesel engine assisted by a glow plug (GP). The simulations represented a mild engine load with an indicated mean effective pressure of 7 bar. An extensive computational study was conducted, and the successful operation of the pure methanol compression ignition engine was demonstrated. The effects of the GP position, spray umbrella angle, the relative angle (RA) between the glow plug and jet trajectory, and the injection strategy on the engine performance were evaluated. The autoignition of methanol-air mixture was found to primarily occur at an equivalence ratio between 0.2 and 0.4. However, an even richer mixture accompanied the lower temperature due to intense heat absorption of evaporation, significantly prolonging the ignition delay. Therefore, to improve the ignition and combustion heat release processes, RA was optimized to adequately control the mixture distribution around the GP. At each position of the GP, the optimum RA differed due to the complex flow and air-fuel mixing within the combustion chamber, which became smaller (from 12.5° to 5°) when the GP was moved anticlockwise from the intake port to the exhaust port regions. Furthermore, a split injection strategy was proposed to ensure the successful ignition of the methanol jets. The engine performance exhibited a high sensitivity to the pilot and main injection timings. A small pilot mass fraction of no higher than 20% was recommended to mitigate fuel jet-GP interaction and fuel impingement in the squish region.
Safer dementia care spaces: Perspectives from LGBTQ+ people with cognitive impairment and caregivers
Authors: Stinchcombe Arne , Oueis Jeremy , Wilson Kimberley , Wright David Kenneth
Published: September 2024

The number of caregivers and people living with dementia and other related forms of cognitive impairment is increasing worldwide. Compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals, studies suggest that lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or other sexual and/or gender minority people (LGBTQ+) are at a higher risk for known risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia, stemming from minority stress experiences. Limited research has explored the distinct obstacles that LGBTQ+ people with cognitive impairment and caregivers encounter, especially within dementia care. The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding regarding LGBTQ+ people with cognitive impairment and caregivers’ experiences with dementia care spaces, and to identify the strategies that they perceive as effective in creating safer and more inclusive spaces. Fourteen LGBTQ+ participants aged 27–78 ( M = 58.07), consisting of two individuals with cognitive impairment and 12 caregivers, were interviewed about the care needs of LGBTQ+ people with cognitive impairment and caregivers, and their experiences with dementia care spaces. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three overarching themes from the data, indicating that LGBTQ+ people with cognitive impairment and caregivers feel left “on the margins” of dementia care and express a desire for their identities to be celebrated and recognized. Additionally, they proposed recommendations for policy change to foster safer and more inclusive spaces for dementia care. The findings call attention to the negative experiences of LGBTQ+ people with cognitive impairment and caregivers with dementia care, but also highlight the ways in which care practices can be transformed to effectively address their care needs.
Rapidly progressive pulmonary actinomycosis
Authors: Hainey Scott , Reid Phil , Wood Andrew
Published: September 2024

This clinical image documents a rare case of rapidly progressive pulmonary actinomycosis in a patient initially seen in lung cancer clinic. Despite radiological findings suggestive of malignancy, biopsy was consistent with a diagnosis of actinomycosis. The patient responded well to prolonged antibiotics with significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering actinomycosis even in rapidly progressive cases and emphasises the need for tissue diagnosis in patients with suspected lung cancer.
Latour’s Discernment Tools in Action: Exploring and Solving Complex Social Problems Through Participatory Methods
Authors: Keiff Sebastien
Published: September 2024

This article explores the practical application of Bruno Latour’s “tools of discernment,” designed to facilitate open collective inquiry without preconceived outcomes. These tools aim to enhance understanding of complex social phenomena, often called “wicked problems,” by encouraging participants to self-describe their experiences and perspectives. This approach allows for individual expression, constructing collective narratives, and pursuing societal solutions. In Bordeaux, research focused on young people’s engagement and aspirations. Researchers employed discernment tools alongside a non-participatory observational approach, meticulously documenting interactions and discussions. The abductive process enabled a real-time understanding of young participants’ social dynamics and concerns, highlighting essential themes such as the multifunctionality of public spaces and the impact of digital technology on social relations. In Montreal, the study addressed systemic racism and discrimination using discernment tools. Written contributions were analyzed to identify recurring themes and underlying dynamics. This process ensured participants’ voices were accurately represented, resulting in 38 recommendations for institutional recognition and action against systemic racism. The deployment of discernment tools in both cities demonstrated their effectiveness in capturing individual experiences and fostering collective understanding while addressing complex societal challenges. However, challenges such as participant engagement and interpretive bias require adaptive planning and critical reflection. This article demonstrates the potential of discernment tools in participatory social science research, advocating for inclusive and iterative methodologies to tackle complex societal issues. Additionally, it proposes a deployment protocol to foster constructive dialogue, improve understanding of complex social dynamics, and facilitate the development of workable solutions.
Spare parts provisioning strategy of warranty repair demands for capital-intensive products
Authors: Xie Wei , Liu Zhaohan , Fu Kani , Zhong Shuneng
Published: September 2024

The inventory cost of stocking spare parts is a nonnegligible expenditure of providing after-sales service for the manufacturers making capital-intensive products, such as electric vehicles. Especially, for warranty repair service, it is important to manage the spare stock appropriately to satisfy the warranty claims of customers as well as reduce the associated inventory costs. In this paper, we investigate the spare parts inventory issue related to a critical component for under-warranty units of a product. In particular, under the free-replacement warranty policy, failed component will be replaced by a new one by consuming the spare stock. According to the field claim data, we find that the general trend of warranty claims is nonstationary, which will be affected by the product sales and under-warranty failures. Thus, we first propose a model to forecast the time-varying warranty repair demand by explicitly considering the randomness from two major sources, that is, product sales and under-warranty failures. Under the assumptions of Poisson sales process and exponential failure distribution, the closed-form expressions of mean and variance of cumulative warranty repair demand over time are obtained. Because the number of warranty claims in each period is a one-time data, the associated distribution information is unavailable. Then, based on the properties of the demand statistics, we derived a worst-case upper bound for the associated inventory cost and formulate a three-phase finite-horizon spare parts inventory model, which can be used to appropriately address the time-varying warranty claims. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the key parameters affecting the optimal decisions where a case study based on real data is presented.
Preoperative nebulised lidocaine for children with mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jarraya Anouar , Kammoun Manel , Cherif Olfa , khcherem Jaouhar , Abdelhedi Amir , Mhiri Riadh
Published: September 2024

Nebulised lidocaine was previously used in infants and children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy and was safe and beneficial. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to assess the impact of preoperative nebulised lidocaine on the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events in children aged one to five years proposed for ilioinguinal ambulatory surgery while having mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups of the study: Group L (lidocaine) received 4 mg/kg of nebulised lidocaine 2% (0.2 ml/kg), and Group P (placebo) received 0.2 ml/kg of normal saline nebulisation, 30 minutes before anaesthesia. Nebulised lidocaine reduced the risk of bronchospasm, with p = 0.003 and a risk ratio (RR) = 0.326 [0.140–0.760], and prolonged oxygen support postoperatively, with p = 0.004 and RR = 0.222 [0.067–0.732]. It also reduced the risk of hospitalisation, with p = 0.001 and RR = 0.138 [0.033–0.577]. No side effects for nebulised lidocaine 2% were noted. Preoperative nebulised lidocaine seems to be a safe and efficient premedication for children with upper respiratory tract infections.
Safety padding performances to protect from severe head injuries during alpine skiing
Authors: Dorsemaine Marine , Masson Catherine , Riveill Serge , Bailly Nicolas , Arnoux Pierre-Jean
Published: September 2024

To protect skiers from the collisions with obstacles (CWOs), ski areas place padding on these obstacles. Padding behavior was previously experimentally investigated for few specific head impact conditions. The goal of this study is to numerically evaluate padding ability to reduce head injury risks in multiple scenarios of CWOs. A multibody model of a skier colliding with an obstacle was associated with a padding model, calibrated based on experimental tests. Different obstacle protections (unprotected, 15-, 20-, 30-cm thick padding), skier speeds, obstacle shapes and distances were investigated to model 3692 scenarios of CWOs. Head injury risks were evaluated based on HIC15 and maximal linear accelerations (Amax). Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to investigate the injury risks regarding the initial conditions, impact conditions and obstacle protection. These simulations resulted in high head impact speeds (30.4 ± 14.2 km/h). The padding modeled significantly reduced Amax (368 ± 275 g unprotected VS 215 ± 240 g with 15-cm thick padding) and severe injury risks ( p < 0.001). For low head impact speeds (<20 km/h), all pads were able to protect from severe injuries, whereas for moderate impact speeds (<40 km/h), the 30-cm thick padding offered better protection from severe injuries. However, even thick padding could not protect the skier model from high-speed impacts (>40 km/h). This study evaluated padding performances in various accident conditions and brought quantitative information for field evolutions regarding padding protection. These results constitute useful information to improve the padding standard and to design more efficient padding.
Development of a video-based test for assessing decision-making proficiency in football referees
Authors: Kayhan Recep Fatih , Kizile Ali , Kizilet Tuba
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable video-based test to analyze the decision-making performance of Turkish football referees. Twenty-two divisional and fifteen local football referees affiliated to the Turkish Football Federation participated in the study. Using SuperLab 5 software and a Cedrus response pad, a test consisting of 20 video clips to be answered as yellow card, red card, and no card was designed. The referees watched the video clips in sequence and made a decision by pressing the button assigned for the decision of their choice. After each decision, the next video automatically appeared on the screen. The protocol was repeated at 10-day intervals for validity and reliability analyses. Content validity and construct validity were used for validity. Cohen’s kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for reliability. Expert referees confirmed content validity by assessing the degree to which the video clips reflected actual match conditions (CVR > 0.80). Difference analysis results showed that the test was able to discriminate the performance of the referees according to their level of performance, thus establishing construct validity ( p < 0.05). High Cohen kappa values indicated that the video clips were reliable ( K = 0.84). High ICC values indicated that the scoring scale was reliable and consistently assessed the decision-making performance of the referees (ICC = between 0.81 and 0.95; CV = between 0.74 and 4.49; MDC = between 0.02 and 1.45; SEM = between 0.01 and 0.52). In conclusion, the fact that the video-based decision-making test meets the validity and reliability criteria shows that the decision-making performance of the referees can be measured accurately and consistently.