bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK TALK WRITE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: AMILUDIN RIPKI , ANWAR SAIFUL
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui impelentasi model think talk write yang diaplikasikan pada materi IPS. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis quasi eksperimen. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VIII MTs Nurul Huda yang terdaftar pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara Tes, Observasi, Wawancara, dan Catatan Lapangan. Hasil analisis ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran IPS siswa kelas VIII sebelum diajar dengan model pembelajaran think sebesar 35,08 berkategori D. (2) Hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran IPS di kelas VIII sesudah diajar dengan model pembelajaran think talk write sebesar 77,00 berkategori C (3) Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran think talk write.
Effect of Endosulfan on Intestine and Pancreas of frog Rana tigrina
Authors: Rathod S. H  , N. R. Thorat
Published: April 2022

Now a day's use of pesticides is the matter of great discussion for environmentalist to gain more relevant information on tolerance of organism to the pesticides. Rana tigrina were exposed to sub lethal concentration of Endosulfan (0.073 ml/lit) for 7 days regularly. The globlet cells of intestine was found to be swollen, enlargement of cells, cell shrinkage, damage of cell membrane, vacuoles formation and pancreas exocrine secreatory acini cells was found to be damaged and connective tissue was loosely bounded also observed on exposure to Endosulfan.
Analysis of Power Supply and Demand in Maharashtra State for Load Forecasting Using ANN
Authors: Suraj G. Patil  , Dr. M. S. Ali
Published: April 2022

The power system energy management system plays a crucial role in load forecasting. Load forecasting lowers production costs, increases spinning reserve capacity, and improves power system reliability. Financial institutions, power suppliers, and other participants in the electric energy market, such as transmission, generation, and distribution, rely heavily on load forecasts. The allocation of generation for economic reasons is a critical goal of short-term load forecasting. For short-term load forecasting, this research provides a solution paradigm based on an artificial neural network. Dry bulb temperature, Dew point temperature, humidity, and load data are the inputs used to forecast the load. To minimize the error function generated from computed and actual load, the back propagation algorithm was implemented.
Study on the Development Path of Smart Elderly Care in Guangxi
Authors: Lian Juan
Published: April 2022

Smart elderly care refers to the provision of real-time and efficient elderly care services to the elderly based on Internet technology and intelligent equipment such as big data. In the development of traditional elderly care service, Guangxi witnessed slow development in its foundation and lags behind in infrastructure construction. Smart elderly care provides a new path for the development of Guangxi elderly care industry. This study investigated the demand of the elderly in Guangxi for elderly care services, Based on the current development of elderly care services in Guangxi, three smart elderly care paths that adapt to the development characteristics of the region is proposed: community grid management + community elder security, smart home + home care, Internet + hospital health care + home care.
́ ́¿Por qué alguien se iría?": Desarrollo, sobreendeudamiento y migración en Guatemala.
Authors:   California State University, Long Beach, Heidbrink Lauren , Batz Giovanni ,   University of California, Davis, Sánchez Celeste ,   Loyola University, Chicago
Published: April 2022

En las dos décadas pasadas, los encargados de desarrollar políticas han expresado un optimismo considerable sobre la capacidad del desarrollo internacional para frenar la migración transnacional; sin embargo, hay una escasez de investigación que analice cómo y bajo qué condiciones las intervenciones del desarrollo pueden impactar las decisiones de migrar. Siguiendo un enfoque de estudio de caso en la comunidad Maya-K’iche’ de Almolonga, este artículo examina las prácticas y significados divergentes de “desarrollo” y su impacto en las aspiraciones y los resultados migratorios de las familias indígenas en Guatemala. Las autoridades gubernamentales y los expertos en desarrollo internacional exaltan a Almolonga como un ejemplo próspero de una economía agraria globalizada. La clave de su éxito es la industria del microcrédito que promueve el préstamo como un medio para invertir en los negocios pequeños y dar poder adquisitivo a los hogares. Sin embargo, como se ve en nuestro estudio, este crédito a menudo es causa de sobreendeudamiento, lo que conduce a una emigración significativa. En cambio, el entendimiento local del desarrollo está arraigado en el concepto K’iche’ de utz k’aslemal, un sistema de economías complementarias e intercambio de conocimientos entre generaciones a través de la educación y de emprendedores en un esfuerzo para crear caminos hacia “el buen vivir”. Rastreando los significados conflictivos asignados al desarrollo, argumentamos que el sobreendeudamiento que resulta del microcrédito no solo refuerza, sino que también agrava las desigualdades sociales ya existentes en Guatemala y, contrario a las afirmaciones del desarrollo, induce la migración.
Inteligência artificial e o teste de Turing: uma análise do prêmio Loebner de 2017 e 2018
Authors: Silva Rafael Veiga Teixeira e , Souza Alan Marcel Fernandes de , Nascimento Polyana Santos Fonseca , Girotto Pedro Henrique Sales
Published: April 2022

A partir dos estudos iniciais sobre as competências de Inteligência Artificial (IA), na década de 1950, Alan Turing, em seu artigo Computing Machinery and intelligence, inseriu a premissa “Máquinas são capazes de pensar?”. Nesse sentido, percebe-se que os chatbots estão diretamente relacionados a essa ideia, haja vista que eles são capazes de conversar e de aprender, via deep learning, para se adaptar em diversos cenários de conversação. A pergunta de pesquisa deste artigo é: as avaliações das IAs finalistas que disputam o prêmio Loebner são coerentes com as ideias propostas por Turing? Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é: analisar as soluções de IA apresentadas no prêmio Loebner (correlacionando com o teste de Turing) e atribuir uma pontuação própria para elas. Ao final, vê-se, após a aplicação do teste aos finalistas do prêmio de Loebner, a discrepância de pontuações entre a campeã Mitsuku e as demais IAs. Além disso, constatou-se, que apesar da sua pontuação elevada, o problema da mimetização ainda é diretamente implicado nas IAs que realizam o teste justamente com o objetivo de ganhar a prova, interferindo, dessa forma, nas reais capacidades da IA testada.
El impacto de la satisfacción en la confianza del consumidor en establecimientos de autoservicios
Authors: Pérez Villarreal Héctor Hugo , Martínez Ruiz María Pilar , Lagunes Pérez Mario Alberto
Published: April 2022

En la última década se ha incrementado el interés de las organizaciones en crear relaciones duraderas con los clientes. Partiendo de dicha premisa fundamental, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la satisfacción en la confianza del consumidor en establecimientos de autoservicios. El ámbito geográfico considerado es la ciudad de Toledo, que constituye una de las localidades más importantes de Castilla-La Mancha, y con una tendencia creciente en el consumo en establecimientos de autoservicios. Para lo cual se utiliza una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, no experimental, causal y transversal simple. Por lo que después de la revisión de la literatura realizada así como el análisis empírico que se ha llevado a cabo, se concluye que existe una correlación positiva y significativa entre la satisfacción y la confianza del consumidor.
NAMIK KEMAL'İN VAVEYLA ŞİİRİNDE RETORİK SÖYLEM
Authors: KÖKER Saniye
Published: April 2022

Retorik, Antik Yunan’dan beridir insanların kullandığı en eski iletişim yollarından biridir. Sözü etkileyici ve ikna edici bir şekilde kullanmak, retoriğin başlıca amacını oluşturmaktadır. Nitekim güzel ve etkileyici biçimde söylenen söz, hitap edilen kitlenin ikna olmasında önemlidir. Sözünü etkileyici ve güzel kullanmak isteyen konuşmacı retoriğini ethos, pathos ve logos bileşenleri çerçevesinde oluşturur. Bu unsurlardan logos, konuşmacının kullandığı mantıksal argümanları esas alır. Böylece delil kullanmak suretiyle konuşma inandırıcılık kazanır. Pathos, dinleyicilerin duygularına hitap eder ve onları duygusal açıdan etkilemeye çalışır. Huy, mizaç, ahlak anlamına gelen ethos ise konuşmacının karakterini ifade eder. Dinleyicinin konuşmacıya duyduğu güven, konuşmanın etkileyiciliğinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, modern Türk şiirinin ethos çizgisinde yer alan Namık Kemal’in karakterinden hareketle Vaveyla şiirinin retorik analizi yapılacak, retoriğin muhatap kitle üzerindeki etkisi ethos bağlamında ele alınacaktır.
GUARDING SULTAN MURAD IV’S FRONTIER: AN ATTEMPT AT CONTEXTUALISING THE HUNGARIAN GARRISONS AROUND 1630
Authors: CEVRİOGLU Mahmut Halef
Published: April 2022

Tangible evidence regarding Ottoman military entity in the early modern period is provided by the frontier garrisons. Therefore, studies of Ottoman military history in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have started to focus on the garrisons on the Hungarian frontier. The present study undertakes a similar attempt but with a particular focus on the border garrisons stationed in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Murad IV (r. 1623-1640). Both provincial (pay lists and treasury registers) and central registers (central treasury register in Istanbul) provide us with data that render it possible to have a rough idea regarding the garrisons troops. Thus, this study aims at a comparison of the Hungarian frontier troops with those of other Ottoman provinces in Europe. Furthermore, a similar comparison will be made by comparing Ottoman frontiers with the troops stationed across the border, i.e., the troops of the Ottoman rival states. As a result, the present study argues that the Ottoman administration placed the lion’s share of its military entity/garrison troops on the western frontier against the Habsburgs.
HALİL YAVER BEY'İN “BUGÜNKÜ BULGARİSTANDA TÜRK DÜŞMANLIĞI” ADLI KİTABININ LA BULGARİE VE TRAKYA GAZETELERİNDEKİ AKİSLERİ
Authors: GÜNER Deniz
Published: April 2022

Uzun yıllar Türk egemenliğinin hüküm sürdüğü Balkanlarda yaşanan milliyetçi isyanlar neticesinde kendi devletini kuran azınlık halklarından biri de Bulgarlardır. Bulgarların milli uyanış için geliştirdikleri saldırgan tutum milliyetçi Bulgar basını için bir gelenek haline gelmiş ve özellikle Türkler aleyhindeki tehditkâr yayınlar ve davranışlar Bulgaristan’da ikamet eden Türkler için sorun yaratmıştır. 1928 sonrasında şiddetlenen “Bulgaristan Bulgarlarındır” politikası pek çok Türk’ün malını yok pahasına elden çıkarıp göç etmesine neden olmuş, hadiseler iki ülke arasında sorun teşkil etmeye başlamıştır.

Bulgaristan’da artan Türk düşmanlığı karşısında İstanbul Barosu avukatlarından Halil Yaver Bey 1932’de “Bugünkü Bulgaristan’da Türk Düşmanlığı” adlı bir kitap yayınlamıştır. Söz konusu kitap Bulgaristan basınında gündeme gelmiş ve eleştirilere uğramıştır. La Bulgarie gazetesi konuyla ilgili bir makale yayınlarken, Trakya gazetesi kitaba cevaben birkaç makale yayınlamıştır.

Bu çalışmada gazete makalelerinin Dışişleri Bakanlığı tarafından Başbakanlığa gönderilen Fransızca suretlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Halil Yaver Bey’in kitabının orijinal baskısı ve karşılığında La Bulgarie ve Trakya gazetelerindeki söz konusu makaleler değerlendirilerek “Bulgaristan’daki Türk düşmanlığı” meselesinin Türk ve Bulgar kamuoyundaki akisleri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
How is Taḍmīn (Implication of Meaning) Translated in the Qur’an? An assessment of four English Translations of An-Nisāʾ (Women), the Fourth Sūrah (An Ongoing Project)
Authors: Nouraldeen Abdullah Soliman
Published: April 2022

This paper is a part of ongoing project of Nouraldeen (2020; 2021a; 2021b). The project aims at studying and assessing the Qur’an translation of the āyāt which embodies one type of taḍmīn, complete taḍmīn, in the entire Qur’an. This paper studies, analyses and assesses the āyāt with taḍmīn found in the fourth sūrah (chapter), an-Nisāʾ (Women). This project is important in that it appreciates the rhetorical aspect of complete taḍmīn, which provides the reader with rich, additional meaning in a concise way. Four Muslim-Arab authored English translations are studied and assessed through two Arabic sources in which complete taḍmīn can be identified. Textual analysis is applied to the source text and the target text. All the four translators fail to pay attention to taḍmīn in their translations, except for Khattab in āyah (verse) 1 and āyah 3, though he does not translate the explicit verb, and Bridges in āyah 1, who successfully translates taḍmīn.
Accompagner l'implantation de l'approche par compétences en histoire : avec quels moyens d'enseignement ?
Authors: Jadoulle Jean-Louis
Published: April 2022

À la fin des années 1990, en Belgique, les responsables de l’enseignement ont fait le choix de l’approche par compétences. Cette décision modifie de manière fondamentale les situations d’apprentissage à proposer aux élèves et, partant, les moyens d’enseignement dont le professeur doit pouvoir bénéficier. Le présent article analyse la manière dont ces moyens d’enseignement ont été adaptés, depuis le début des années 2000, en Communauté française de Belgique.
Oralhistory.ch : un nouveau portail pour l'histoire orale en Suisse
Authors: Fink Nadine
Published: April 2022

L’association oralhistory.ch a vu le jour en 2013 dans le but de promouvoir la pratique et la visibilité de l’histoire orale en Suisse. Son site internet répertorie des projets d’histoire orale sur des thématiques variées et propose un guide pédagogique pour faire de l’histoire orale à l’école. Il constitue une ressource intéressante pour l’enseignement de l’histoire.
Un cas pratique d'interdisciplinarité en histoire - géographie - éducation à la citoyenneté : les luttes pour la liberté au xxe siècle
Authors: Guillaume-Gentil Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Le module présenté ici permettra d’aider les élèves à prendre conscience des nombreux mouvements d’indépendance des peuples – ou de reconnaissance de leur existence – qui ont caractérisé le xxe siècle, en marge des grandes guerres et faits plus connus de cette période. Sur la base d’un documentaire, Le siècle des libertés, les étudiants constatent que de nombreux événements sont rarement évoqués, alors qu’ils comportent une masse importante d’informations expliquant la complexité du monde actuel et les enjeux collectifs des civilisations d’aujourd’hui. Cet exercice permet d’exploiter l’analyse de texte sur une base audiovisuelle, d’entraîner la prise de notes et sa restitution sous forme de document synthétique et soutient la mise en valeur des synergies entre deux branches : l’histoire et le français. Enfin, il favorise l’approfondissement des connaissances liées à la culture générale et le travail heuristique des étudiants.
Visite scolaire dans un mémorial : d’un fait historique mis en exposition à des contenus d’apprentissage
Authors: Souplet Catherine
Published: April 2022

This paper is part of some educational research that takes as its object school visit situations in the Memorial Internment and Deportation of Royallieu-Compiègne. Several aspects have already been the subject of analysis in other publications: the status of the actors involved, as well as the identifications of learning contents. This text continues the discussion by studying how the historical fact is put on display in the Memorial and presented by the teaching intervener, all contributing to construct learning contents for students.
Paisajes con monumentos arqueológicos: el caso de las líneas y geoglifos de Nasca y Palpa
Authors: Bolaños Baldassari Aldo Fernando
Published: April 2022

Las líneas y geoglifos de Nasca y Palpa se ubican en la costa desértica del Perú, 450 km al sur de Lima. Están inscritos en calidad de paisaje cultural en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO. Se analizó la problemática, amenazas y formas de afectación del paisaje y los monumentos arqueológicos del lugar, producidos por el crecimiento urbano, la expansión agrícola, la construcción de infraestructuras, las necesidades sociales y los factores económicos del uso del suelo. Asimismo, se documentó la pérdida de valores del paisaje natural y cultural en Nasca. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer soluciones para la protección de los valores universales excepcionales (VUE), mediante el uso de unidades de tratamiento paisajístico que integren la futura reglamentación del área patrimonial a las dinámicas territoriales existentes.
RELATO DAS ATIVIDADES NUMA SALA TEMÁTICA DE TERMODINÂMICA E FLUIDOS
Authors: Buffon Luiz Otavio , Piumbini Cleiton Kenup , Modolo Felipe Martins , Amorim Ivo Souto de , Silva Jonas Vinícius de Sousa , Nascimento Raynara Souza do , Moraes Sávio Cesar Heringer de
Published: April 2022

Este artigo apresenta um relato da sala de Termodinâmica e Fluidos, durante a VI EXPOFÍSICA, realizada no Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - Cariacica em 2019. Esta atividade de extensão tem sido realizada anualmente junto com a Semana de Ciência e Tecnologia com o objetivo de promover a divulgação científica para a comunidade. O público são alunos da rede pública e particular do Estado, visitantes externos, além dos alunos do próprio campus.  Na sala atuaram como mediadores 21 licenciandos do curso de Licenciatura em Física do campus. Para essa pesquisa foram utilizadas observações feitas pelos professores coordenadores da sala e um questionário respondido pelos mediadores. Além da divulgação científica, os resultados apontam para diversos aspectos positivos para os licenciandos mediadores, tais como: ganho de autonomia, aprendizado de Física, interação com os visitantes, colaboração com os colegas proporcionando a integração do curso, evolução e aprendizado na transmissão de conhecimento e incentivo para a carreira docente.
Palavras-chave: Extensão. Exposição de Física. Termodinâmica. Fluidos. Formação de professores.
 
ABSTRACT: This article presents an account of the Thermodynamics and Fluids room, during the VI EXPOFÍSICA, held at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo - Cariacica in 2019. This extension activity has been carried out annually together with the Science and Technology Week with the aim of promoting scientific dissemination to the community. The public are students from the State's public and private network, external visitors, in addition to students from the campus itself. In the room, 21 undergraduates from the Physics Degree course on campus acted as mediators. For this research, observations made by the coordinators of the room and a questionnaire answered by the mediators were used. In addition to scientific dissemination, the results point to several positive aspects for undergraduate mediators, such as: gaining autonomy, learning Physics, interacting with visitors, collaborating with colleagues, providing the integration of the course, evolution and learning in the transmission of knowledge. and encouragement for a teaching career.
Keywords: Extension. Exhibition of Physics. Thermodynamics. Fluids. Teacher training.
Edaravone Attenuates Disease Severity of Experimental Auto-Immune Encephalomyelitis and Increases Gene Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1
Authors: MICHALIČKOVÁ D , KÜBRA ÖZTÜRK H , HROUDOVÁ J , ĽUPTÁK M , KUČERA T , HRNČÍŘ T , KUTINOVÁ CANOVÁ N , ŠÍMA M , SLANAŘ O
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic potential of edaravone in the murine model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to expand the knowledge of its mechanism of action. Edaravone (6 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally from the onset of clinical symptoms until the end of the experiment (28 days). Disease progression was assessed daily using severity scores. At the peak of the disease, histological analyses, markers of oxidative stress (OS) and parameters of mitochondrial function in the brains and spinal cords (SC) of mice were determined. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha was determined at the end of the experiment. Edaravone treatment ameliorated EAE severity and attenuated inflammation in the SC of the EAE mice, as verified by histological analysis. Moreover, edaravone treatment decreased OS, increased the gene expression of the Nrf2 and HO-1, increased the activity of the mitochondrial complex II/III, reduced the activity of the mitochondrial complex IV and preserved ATP production in the SC of the EAE mice. In conclusion, findings in this study provide additional evidence of edaravone potential for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and expand our knowledge of the mechanism of action of edaravone in the EAE model.
Concrete Pavement Preservation: Lessons Learned from 11 Case Studies
Authors: Ram Prashant , Stempihar Jeff , Van Dam Tom , Snyder Mark , Smith Kurt , Yu Tom
Published: April 2022

An ongoing FHWA project is redefining concrete pavement preservation as “preserving the existing concrete pavement structure to extend its service life for as long as possible, by arresting, greatly diminishing, or avoiding the pavement deterioration process.” This can be achieved through three fundamental approaches: (a) designing and constructing pavements that remain structurally adequate and relatively distress-free throughout their service lives (i.e., using long-life concrete pavement), (b) using asphalt or concrete overlays as preservation treatments to maintain the functional performance of the pavement, and (c) maintaining the serviceability of the pavement using concrete pavement restoration (CPR) treatments. One of the tasks under the project was to document 11 concrete pavement projects around the U.S. that have successfully demonstrated the application of the three fundamental preservation approaches mentioned above. This includes information on the following: (a) original pavement design, materials, and construction, (b) traffic and service conditions, (c) maintenance and rehabilitation history, (d) present day condition [based on site visits in 2018], and (e) economic analysis. This paper highlights key information for 11 different case study projects and presents a summary of lessons learned from each project. The information gleaned from these success stories are being used in the development of guidelines for long-term concrete pavement preservation strategies.
Green Metallic Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis to Applications
Authors: Chopra Hitesh , Bibi Shabana , Singh Inderbir , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Khan Muhammad Saad , Yousafi Qudsia , Baig Atif Amin , Rahman Md. Mominur , Islam Fahadul , Emran Talha Bin , Cavalu Simona
Published: April 2022

Current advancements in nanotechnology and nanoscience have resulted in new nanomaterials, which may pose health and environmental risks. Furthermore, several researchers are working to optimize ecologically friendly procedures for creating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The primary goal is to decrease the adverse effects of synthetic processes, their accompanying chemicals, and the resulting complexes. Utilizing various biomaterials for nanoparticle preparation is a beneficial approach in green nanotechnology. Furthermore, using the biological qualities of nature through a variety of activities is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Algae, plants, bacteria, and fungus have been employed to make energy-efficient, low-cost, and nontoxic metallic nanoparticles in the last few decades. Despite the environmental advantages of using green chemistry-based biological synthesis over traditional methods as discussed in this article, there are some unresolved issues such as particle size and shape consistency, reproducibility of the synthesis process, and understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing metallic nanoparticlesviabiological entities. Consequently, there is a need for further research to analyze and comprehend the real biological synthesis-dependent processes. This is currently an untapped hot research topic that required more investment to properly leverage the green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles through living entities. The review covers such green methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their utilization in the scientific world.
Preparation and Evaluation of Liposomes and Niosomes Containing Total Ginsenosides for Anti-Photoaging Therapy
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Liu Da , Lu Zhen , Yang Lubing , Chen Jiangli , Zhou Xuyan , Qiu Zhidong , Jin Ye
Published: April 2022

Ginsenosides are the principal bioactive compounds of ginseng. Total ginsenosides (GS) contain a variety of saponin monomers, which have potent anti-photoaging activity and improve the skin barrier function. To enhance the efficiency of GS transdermal absorption, GS liposomes (GSLs) and GS niosomes (GSNs) were formulated as delivery vehicles. Based on the clarified and optimized formulation process, GSL and GSN were prepared. The structure, cumulative transmittance, skin retention, total transmittance, and bioactivity of GSLs and GSNs were characterized. GSL and GSN were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). In addition, HaCAT cell migration, proliferation, and GS cellular uptake were significantly increased. The therapeutic effects of GSL and GSN were also evaluated in a rat model of photoaging. Histopathological changes were assessed in rat skin treated with GSL, GSN, or GS by hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and aldehyde fuchsine staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, GSH-Px, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels were determined. Results indicated that the optimal formulation of GSL used soybean lecithin (SPC) as the phospholipid, with a lipid–drug ratio of 1:0.4 and a phospholipid–cholesterol ratio of 1:3.5. The optimal temperature for the preparation process of GSN by ethanol injection was 65°C, with a ratio of the organic phase to aqueous phase of 1:9. It was demonstrated that the cumulative release rate, skin retention rate, and total transmission rate of GSL-7 at 24 h were higher than those of GSN-4 and GS. GSL-7 significantly inhibited skin lipid peroxidation caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In addition, GSL-7 reduced the contents of MMPs and inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue. In conclusion, GSL-7 may reduce skin aging caused by UV radiation and contribute to skin tissue repair.
Applicability of Convolutional Neural Networks for Calibration of Nonlinear Dynamic Models of Structures
Authors: Lanning Angela , E. Zaghi Arash , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to examine a machine learning (ML) framework for calibrating the parameters of analytical models of complex nonlinear structural systems where experimental data is significantly limited. Because of the high cost of large-scale structural tests, analytical models are widely used to enhance the understanding of structural performance under complex loading environments. In this study, an ML framework is proposed and evaluated for the calibration of an analytical model representing a shake table test performed on a composite column developed in OpenSees software. A large number of parameters for modeling the constitutive behavior of the concrete core, steel reinforcement, exterior composite tube, as well as the interactions between the concrete core and the tube, base fixity, and nonlinear shear deformations are included. A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was used to calibrate these parameters by using the lateral load, displacement, and axial load time histories as input variables. First, a synthetic dataset is generated for permutations of different model parameters. Next, four CNNs were trained to evaluate the presentation of input data in time-domain and time-frequency domain. Finally, the trained model was prompted with real experimental data and the values of peak lateral force, residual displacement, and hysteresis energy dissipation from the analytical model were compared with those from the experiment. The results show that the proposed framework is appropriate for calibration of complex nonlinear structural models when experimental data is limited.
miR-874: An Important Regulator in Human Diseases
Authors: Zhang Qiudan , Zhong Chenming , Yan Qianqian , Zeng Ling-hui , Gao Wei , Duan Shiwei
Published: April 2022

miR-874 is located at 5q31.2, which is frequently deleted in cancer. miR-874 is downregulated in 22 types of cancers and aberrantly expressed in 18 types of non-cancer diseases. The dysfunction of miR-874 is not only closely related to the diagnosis and prognosis of tumor patients but also plays an important role in the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy drugs. miR-874 participates in the ceRNA network of long non-coding RNAs or circular RNAs, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer and other non-cancer diseases. In addition, miR-874 is also involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. This review summarizes the molecular functions of miR-874 in the biological processes of tumor cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumorigenesis, and reveal the value of miR-874 as a cancer biomarker in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Future work is necessary to explore the potential clinical application of miR-874 in chemotherapy resistance.
Strategies for Success With Umbilical Cord Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children With Malignant and Non-Malignant Disease Indications
Authors: Wynn Rob , Nataraj Ramya , Nadaf Rubiya , Poulton Kay , Logan Alison
Published: April 2022

Umbilical Cord blood is an intuitively attractive stem cell source, but its use has declined since it is associated with an increased procedure-related morbidity and transplant related mortality. Some of this reflects that cord blood transplants are more often HLA-mismatched compared to other unrelated donor transplants. The ability to transplant in such a setting, indeed without high rates of chronic Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD), constitutes an advantage compared to other unrelated donor cell sources and there are other advantages specifically associated with cord blood as a donor cell source. These advantages must be weighed against its disadvantage, and we have utilised cord blood preferentially as a donor cell source in certain clinical situations in paediatric medicine. In non-malignant diseases, outcomes in metabolic disease are critically dependent on age at transplant and the enzyme delivered by that transplant, and in cord blood transplantation then the time to transplant can be minimised and the engrafted recipients have higher chimerism that delivers higher enzyme levels. In malignant diseases, studies have described reduced relapse rate and better GVHD-free survival, and so we have prioritised cord as a donor cell source where the risk of relapse is highest, and the effects of higher transplant related mortality is most clearly offset by the reduced relapse rates.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induced Osteoblast Dysregulation Involved in Bone Destruction in Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Ma Wenxin , Jin Weidong , He Xijing , Sun Yuhang , Yin Huquan , Wang Zili , Shi Shiyuan
Published: April 2022

Disturbance of bone homeostasis caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is a key clinical manifestation in spinal tuberculosis (TB). However, the complete mechanism of this process has not been established, and an effective treatment target does not exist. Increasing evidence shows that abnormal osteoclastogenesis triggered by an imbalance of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis may play a key role in the disturbance of bone homeostasis. Previous studies reported that RANKL is strongly activated in patients with spinal TB; however, the OPG levels in these patients were not investigated in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the OPG levels in patients with spinal TB and the dysregulation of osteoblasts caused byMtbinfection. Inhibition of theMce4agene ofMtbby an antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer (Mce4a-ASO) was also investigated. Analysis of the serum OPG levels in clinical samples showed that the OPG levels were significantly decreased in patients with spinal TB compared to those in the group of non-TB patients. The internalization ofMtbin osteoblasts, the known major source of OPG, was investigated using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeledMycobacteriumstrain H37Ra (H37RaGFP). The cell-associated fluorescence measurements showed thatMtbcan efficiently enter osteoblast cells. In addition,Mtbinfection caused a dose-dependent increase of the CD40 mRNA expression and cytokine (interleukin 6, IL-6) secretion in osteoblast cells. Ligation of CD40 by soluble CD154 reversed the increased secretion of IL-6. This means that the induced CD40 is functional. Considering that the interaction between CD154-expressing T lymphocytes and bone-forming osteoblast cells plays a pivotal role in bone homeostasis, the CD40 molecule might be a strong candidate for mediating the target for treatment of bone destruction in spinal TB. Additionally, we also found that Mce4a-ASO could dose-dependently inhibit theMce4agene ofMtband reverse the decreased secretion of IL-6 and the impaired secretion of OPG caused byMtbinfection of osteoblast cells. Taken together, the current finding provides breakthrough ideas for the development of therapeutic agents for spinal TB.
Comparing Machine Learning Models and Statistical Models for Predicting Heart Failure Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Zhoujian , Dong Wei , Shi Hanrui , Ma Hong , Cheng Lechao , Huang Zhengxing
Published: April 2022

Objective

To compare the performance, clinical feasibility, and reliability of statistical and machine learning (ML) models in predicting heart failure (HF) events.

Background

Although ML models have been proposed to revolutionize medicine, their promise in predicting HF events has not been investigated in detail.

Methods

A systematic search was performed on Medline, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore for studies published between January 1, 2011 to July 14, 2021 that developed or validated at least one statistical or ML model that could predict all-cause mortality or all-cause readmission of HF patients. Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and random effect model was used to evaluate the pooled c-statistics of included models.

Result

Two-hundred and two statistical model studies and 78 ML model studies were included from the retrieved papers. The pooled c-index of statistical models in predicting all-cause mortality, ML models in predicting all-cause mortality, statistical models in predicting all-cause readmission, ML models in predicting all-cause readmission were 0.733 (95% confidence interval 0.724–0.742), 0.777 (0.752–0.803), 0.678 (0.651–0.706), and 0.660 (0.633–0.686), respectively, indicating that ML models did not show consistent superiority compared to statistical models. The head-to-head comparison revealed similar results. Meanwhile, the immoderate use of predictors limited the feasibility of ML models. The risk of bias analysis indicated that ML models' technical pitfalls were more serious than statistical models'. Furthermore, the efficacy of ML models among different HF subgroups is still unclear.

Conclusions

ML models did not achieve a significant advantage in predicting events, and their clinical feasibility and reliability were worse.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled ECG Algorithm for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Han Changho , Kang Ki-Woon , Kim Tae Young , Uhm Jae-Sun , Park Je-Wook , Jung In Hyun , Kim Minkwan , Bae SungA , Lim Hong-Seok , Yoon Dukyong
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery calcium (CAC), which can be measured in various types of computed tomography (CT) examinations, is a hallmark of coronary artery atherosclerosis. However, despite the clinical value of CAC scores in predicting cardiovascular events, routine measurement of CAC scores is limited due to high cost, radiation exposure, and lack of widespread availability. It would be of great clinical significance if CAC could be predicted by electrocardiograms (ECGs), which are cost-effective and routinely performed during various medical checkups. We aimed to develop binary classification artificial intelligence (AI) models that predict CAC using only ECGs as input. Moreover, we aimed to address the generalizability of our model in different environments by externally validating our model on a dataset from a different institution. Among adult patients, standard 12-lead ECGs were extracted if measured within 60 days before or after the CAC scores, and labeled with the corresponding CAC scores. We constructed deep convolutional neural network models based on residual networks using only the raw waveforms of the ECGs as input, predicting CAC at different levels, namely CAC score ≥100, ≥400 and ≥1,000. Our AI models performed well in predicting CAC in the training and internal validation dataset [area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) 0.753 ± 0.009, 0.802 ± 0.027, and 0.835 ± 0.024 for the CAC score ≥100, ≥400, and ≥1,000 model, respectively]. Our models also performed well in the external validation dataset (AUROC 0.718, 0.777 and 0.803 for the CAC score ≥100, ≥400, and ≥1,000 model, respectively), indicating that our model can generalize well to different but plausibly related populations. Model performance in terms of AUROC increased in the order of CAC score ≥100, ≥400, and ≥1,000 model, indicating that higher CAC scores might be associated with more prominent structural changes of the heart detected by the model. With our AI models, a substantial proportion of previously unrecognized CAC can be afforded with a risk stratification of CAC, enabling initiation of prophylactic therapy, and reducing the adverse consequences related to ischemic heart disease.
Serum FGF21 Levels Predict the MACE in Patients With Myocardial Infarction After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Xie Wei , Li Dan , Shi Yaru , Yu Ning , Yan Yu , Zhang Yingchao , Yu Qiongli , Li Yulin , Du Jie , Lin Zhuofeng , Wu Fan
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Prognosis evaluation in myocardial infarction (MI) patients with major adverse clinical events (MACE) who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is greatly important to identify high-risk patients. Elevated metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is associated with the risk of MI. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between FGF21 and the incidence of MACE in patients with MI after CABG surgery.

Methods

Patients with three-vessel disease who were scheduled for first-time isolated CABG were enrolled in this project and underwent to evaluate the incidence of MACE during 48 h after CABG surgery, as well as to collect serum samples for FGF21 levels in both preoperative- and postoperative-CABG (pre-CABG and post-CABG).

Results

A total of 265 patients with MI undergoing CABG were enrolled in this study, 21 patients experienced MACE during the 48 h after CAGB surgery. Serum FGF21 levels of patients with MACE at post-CABG were significantly higher than that in patients without MACE [553.7 (433.6) vs. 291.7 (334.4), p < 0.001]. Furthermore, among 81 individuals of these 265 patients, a lower level of FGF21 in preoperative-CABG (pre-CABG) and a higher level of FGF21 at postoperative-CABG (post-CABG) were observed in MI patients with MACE as compared to those without MACE respectively [ (275.0 (260.4) vs. 410.3 (420.7), p = 0.049; 550.7 (519.9) vs. 370.6 (441.2), p = 0.031]. In addition, serum FGF21 levels of MI patients with MACE at post-CABG were significantly increased compared with the baseline levels in pre-CABG [550.7 (519.9) vs.275.0 (260.4) p < 0.001]. However, these profiles were not observed in patients without MACE [410.3 (420.7) vs. 370.6 (441.2), p=0.2137]. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both serum FGF21 and CK-MB levels at post-CABG were independently associated with the incidence of MACE in patients with MI after CABG surgery. Finally, ROC analysis for FGF21 levels of 265 MI patients at post-CABG identified 455.4 pg/ml as an optimal cut-off value to predict MACE, with a sensitivity and specificity of 91.7 and 68.4% respectively.

Conclusion

Serum FGF21 levels at post-CABG are independently associated with the incidence of MACE in patients with MI who have undergone CABG. Measurement of FGF21 may help distinguish patients with MI at a high risk of MACE after CABG surgery.
Influence of Karst Caves on the Pile’s Bearing Characteristics-A Numerical Study
Authors: Liang Jia-hui , Fan Qiu-yan , Qin Kuo
Published: April 2022

Compared with the amount of research undertaken on vertical-bearing piles in karst areas, there are fewer studies on the stability of horizontal-bearing piles (e.g., anti-slide piles and supporting piles), and little in the way of theoretical developments. In order to study the influence of karst cave in front of and under the pile on the stability of anti slide pile, this study designs orthogonal test, carries out numerical simulation by using ABAQUS finite element analysis software, deduces the displacement load curve of each group of piles, and then determines the lateral ultimate bearing capacity of anti slide pile when karst cave exists, and Through multiple linear regression analysis and test on the parameters such as the distance between the karst cave under the pile and the pile tip, the span height ratio of the cave in front of the pile and the span height ratio of the cave under the pile, it is concluded that there is a significant correlation between the above participation and the lateral ultimate bearing capacity. The research results have certain guiding significance for the application of anti slide pile in karst area.
Mineral Leaching Modeling Through Machine Learning Algorithms − A Review
Authors: Saldaña Manuel , Neira Purísima , Gallegos Sandra , Salinas-Rodríguez Eleazar , Pérez-Rey Ignacio , Toro Norman
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have an increasingly pervasive presence in all fields of science due to their ability to find patterns, model dynamic systems, and make predictions of complex processes. This review aims at providing the researchers in the mineral processing area with structured knowledge about the applications of machine learning algorithms to the leaching process, showing the applications of techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), or Bayesian networks (BN), among others. Additionally, future perspectives are indicated, emphasizing both the generalization of the algorithms and the productive potential of the application of modeling, simulation, and optimization of the tools studied to industrial processes.
Microscopic Characteristics of Fault Gouge in Minor-Surface-Rupture Faults: A Case Study in the Longmenshan Fault Zone, Eastern Tibetan
Authors: Li Yanbao , Chen Lichun , Ran Yongkang , Chang Yuqiao
Published: April 2022

Active faults with potential earthquake magnitude of 6–7 are often incorrectly identified as non-Holocene active faults by traditional geological methods because their co-seismic displacements were very small or even did not reach to surface, and are defined as minor-surface-rupture faults. Geological studies associated with the 2013 Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake show that the Dachuan–Shuangshi fault (DSF) in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone (LFZ) is a minor-surface-rupture fault. This study focuses on the microstructure and mineral composition of the fault gouge in the DSF using optical microscopy, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods; then, we compare our results with the previous achievements in the Beichuan–Yingxiu fault (BYF), a major seismogenic fault of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, in the middle–northern segment of the LFZ. The results show that the microscopic characteristics of the fault gouge of the DSF are obviously different from those of the BYF in the following aspects: 1) the thickness of the fault gouge produced by one fault event is less than 5 mm; 2) under the microscope, no obvious micro-cracks were examined in surrounding rocks around the fault gouge, and discontinuous micro-cracks and untypical S-C fabrics in the fault gouge were observed; 3) under the SEM, reworked fragments were rare in the fault gouge; 4) the XRD mineral analysis reveals that the total clay content is less than 50%, the content of kaolinite is obviously higher than that of clinochlore, and the content of illite/smectite mixed layer is less than 30%. A contrastive analysis reveals the differences between the microscopic features of the fault gouge of the DSF and the BYF, which are systematical. Therefore, the abovementioned microscopic characteristics identified from the fault gouge in the DSF may be used as auxiliary indicators to identify minor-surface-rupture faults.
Treatment of Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity: Now and the Future
Authors: Dimitri Paul
Published: April 2022

The hypothalamus is the centre of neuroendocrine regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. Maldevelopment of, or damage to, the key hypothalamic nuclei disrupts the coordinated balance between energy intake and expenditure leading, to rapid and excessive weight gain. Hypothalamic obesity is compounded by a disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, sleep disruption, visual compromise, and neurological and vascular sequalae. Amongst suprasellar tumors, craniopharyngioma is the most common cause of acquired hypothalamic obesity, either directly or following surgical or radiotherapeutic intervention. At present, therapy is limited to strategies to manage obesity but with a modest and variable impact. Current approaches include optimizing pituitary hormone replacement, calorie restriction, increased energy expenditure through physical activity, behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches include stimulants that increase energy consumption, anti-diabetic agents, hypothalamic–pituitary substitution therapy, octreotide, and methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitors. Some pharmacological studies of hypothalamic obesity report weight loss or stabilization but reported intervention periods are short, and others report no effect. The impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss in hypothalamic obesity again is variable. Novel or combined approaches to manage hypothalamic obesity are thus required to achieve credible and sustained weight loss. Identifying etiological factors contributing hypothalamic obesity may lead to multi-faceted interventions targeting hyperphagia, insulin resistance, decreased energy expenditure, sleep disturbance, hypopituitarism and psychosocial morbidity. Placebo-controlled trials using current single, or combination therapies are required to determine the impact of therapeutic agents. A well-defined approach to defining the location of hypothalamic damage may support the use of future targeted therapies. Intranasal oxytocin is currently being investigated as an anorexogenic agent. Novel agents including those targeting pro-opimelanocortin-C and AgRP/NPY expressing neurons and the MC4 receptor may result in better outcomes. This article discusses the current challenges in the management of hypothalamic obesity in children and young people and future therapeutic approaches to increasing weight loss and quality of life in these patients.