bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat stress, species pool size and biotic resistance influence exotic plant richness in the Flooding Pampa grasslands
Authors: PERELMAN SUSANA B. , CHANETON ENRIQUE J. , BATISTA WILLIAM B. , BURKART SILVIA E. , LEÓN ROLANDO J. C.
Published: May 2007

Theory and empirical evidence suggest that community invasibility is influenced by propagule pressure, physical stress and biotic resistance from resident species. We studied patterns of exotic and native species richness across the Flooding Pampas of Argentina, and tested for exotic richness correlates with major environmental gradients, species pool size, and native richness, among and within different grassland habitat types.

Native and exotic richness were positively correlated across grassland types, increasing from lowland meadows and halophyte steppes, through humid to mesophyte prairies in more elevated topographic positions. Species pool size was positively correlated with local richness of native and exotic plants, being larger for mesophyte and humid prairies. Localities in the more stressful meadow and halophyte steppe habitats contained smaller fractions of their landscape species pools.

Native and exotic species numbers decreased along a gradient of increasing soil salinity and decreasing soil depth, and displayed a unimodal relationship with soil organic carbon. When covarying habitat factors were held constant, exotic and native richness residuals were still positively correlated across sites. Within grassland habitat types, exotic and native species richness were positively associated in meadows and halophyte steppes but showed no consistent relationship in the least stressful, prairie habitat types.

Functional group composition differed widely between native and exotic species pools. Patterns suggesting biotic resistance to invasion emerged only within humid prairies, where exotic richness decreased with increasing richness of native warm‐season grasses. This negative relationship was observed for other descriptors of invasion such as richness and cover of annual cool‐season forbs, the commonest group of exotics.

Our results support the view that ecological factors correlated with differences in invasion success change with the range of environmental heterogeneity encompassed by the analysis. Within narrow habitat ranges, invasion resistance may be associated with either physical stress or resident native diversity. Biotic resistance through native richness, however, appeared to be effective only at intermediate locations along a stress/fertility gradient.

We show that certain functional groups, not just total native richness, may be critical to community resistance to invasion. Identifying such native species groups is important for directing management and conservation efforts.
Defoliation changes mycorrhizal benefit and competitive interactions between seedlings and adult plants
Authors: PIETIKÄINEN A. , KYTÖVIITA M.‐M.
Published: May 2007

Competition is considered to be one of the main biotic factors shaping plant communities. Experiments on the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant competition have reported conflicting results.

We studied the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on below‐ground interactions between seedlings and established adult plants in a system where plants compete for below‐ground resources. In this glasshouse experiment, seedlings of Gnaphalium norvegicum were grown with and without an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, in the presence and absence of a large conspecific adult plant. The ability of adult plants to support the fungus was modified by defoliating 0%, 50% or 75% of its leaf area.

We found that mycorrhiza increased below‐ground competitive intensity. The mycorrhizal benefit to the seedlings was low in the vicinity of non‐defoliated adult plants, but increased with increasing defoliation intensity of the adult plant. This was mirrored by reductions in mycorrhizal benefit that adult plants gained at the highest level of defoliation.

These results emphasize the importance of below‐ground competition during seedling establishment and show that competition for mycorrhiza‐mediated resources may be an important factor underlying seedling establishment in nutrient‐poor systems. Defoliation of neighbours can increase the beneficial effect of mycorrhizae to seedlings establishing in the vicinity of larger plants, suggesting that grazing or mowing may improve seedling establishment by decreasing below‐ground competition.
The ArcA regulon and oxidative stress resistance in Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Wong Sandy M. S. , Alugupalli Kishore R. , Ram Sanjay , Akerley Brian J.
Published: May 2007

Haemophilus influenzae transits between niches within the human host that are predicted to differ in oxygen levels. The ArcAB two‐component signal transduction system controls gene expression in response to respiratory conditions of growth and has been implicated in bacterial pathogenesis, yet the mechanism is not understood. We undertook a genome‐scale study to identify genes of the H. influenzae ArcA regulon. Deletion of arcA resulted in increased anaerobic expression of genes of the respiratory chain and of H. influenzae's partial tricarboxylic acid cycle, and decreased anaerobic expression levels of genes of polyamine metabolism, and iron sequestration. Deletion of arcA also conferred a susceptibility to transient exposure to hydrogen peroxide that was greater following anaerobic growth than after aerobic growth. Array data revealed that the dps gene, not previously assigned to the ArcA modulon in bacteria, exhibited decreased expression in the arcA mutant. Deletion of dps resulted in hydrogen peroxide sensitivity and complementation restored resistance, providing insight into the previously uncharacterized mechanism of arcA‐mediated H2O2 resistance. The results indicate a role for H. influenzae arcA and dps in pre‐emptive defence against transitions from growth in low oxygen environments to aerobic exposure to hydrogen peroxide, an antibacterial oxidant produced by phagocytes during infection.
Human Gnathostomiasis in Ecuador (Nodular Migratory Eosinophilic Panniculitis)
Authors: Ollague Wenceslao , Ollague Jose , Guevara De Veliz Angela , Penaherrera Servio
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Fifteen patients with human gnathostomiasis are reported from Ecuador. The name “nodular migratory eosinphilic panniculitis” is proposed because of the histopathologic and clinical changes found in two cases in which the parasite was found on biopsy.
Transepidermal Elimination of Actinically Damaged Connective Tissue
Authors: Goette Detlef K.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Three patients with actinically damaged skin had scaling lesions clinically resembling actinic keratoses. Histologic examination of the lesions disclosed transepidermal elimination (TE) of degenerated (solar elastotic) dermal connective tissue via a transepidermal canal, a previously undescribed phenomenon.
Inhibition of Cutaneous Paresthesia Resulting from Synthetic Pyrethroid Exposure
Authors: Tucker Stephen B. , Flannigan Stephen A. , Ross CharlesE.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Synthetic pyrethroids are potent lipophilic insecticides recognized as nerve toxins. Their increased usage in recent years has established them as a serious competitor against the currently available pesticides. Reported cases of occupational exposure have noted the presence of paresthesia without the clinical symptoms of erythema, edema, or vesiculation. Pilot studies were performed with six prophylactic agents to assess their capability of preventing or ameliorating the paresthesia that accompanies exposure. Vitamin E oil (dl‐alpha tocopheryl acetate) proved the most efficacious.
Cutaneous Angiosarcoma in a Site of Healed Herpes Zoster
Authors: Hudson Charles P. , Hanno Ruth , Callen Jefrrey P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 57‐year‐old woman presented with an ery‐thematous plaque of the left postauricular area that was diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma on clinical and histologic bases. It was revealed that herpes zoster had been diagnosed in the same dermatomal distribution 10 years previously. The lesion recurred 2 years after irradiation, and angiosarcoma was diagnosed. Recent evidence linking viral infection and vascular tumors is examined as it might apply to the pathogenesis of angiosarcoma. Repeat biopsy, reticulum stain, and electron‐microscopic examination of a lesion of the head and neck region that histologically suggests metastatic carcinoma are recommended if no primary malignancy is discovered.
Alclometasone Dipropionate Cream 0.05% Versus Clobetasone Butyrate Cream 0.05%
Authors: Lassus Allan
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted comparing the efficacy and safety of alclometasone dipropionate cream 0.05% and clobetasone butyrate cream 0.05% in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in 43 children. The medications were applied to study areas as a thin layer of cream twice daily for 2 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by evaluation of three disease signs (erythema, induration, and pruritus) and by mean of a physician's global evaluation following treatment. Safety was evaluated through patient‐reported and clinically observed adverse experiences. Both treatments were effective. At the end of the trial, average reduction in disease signs was 85% for alclometasone dipropionate‐treated patients and 86% in the clobetasone butyrate‐treated group. In the global evaluation, the physician rated symptoms as cleared in 9 of 22 alclometasone dipropionate‐treated patients and in 10 of 21 clobetasone butyrate‐treated patients.
The Absence of Dengue Virus in the Skin Lesions of Dengue Fever
Authors: Anorno RichardM. de , Botet MiguelVazquez , Gubler, Sc.D. Duane J. , Garcia Carlos , Laboy Ernesto , Espada Francisco , Waterman Stephen H.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Patients with confirmed dengue infection were studied man attempt to elucidate the cause of the eruption of dengue fever. Punch biopsies of lesional skin were obtained and processed for the presence of viral antigen and immune globulins by the direct fluorescent antibody test. Another biopsy specimens and the acute sera were processed for virus isolation. Although virus isolated from the serum of two patients, isolation attempts from the biopsy specimens of all four patients were negative. fluorescent antibody studies vealed no evidence of either viral antigen or immune globulins in lesional skin. Although limited, the data suggest that the maculopapular rash of dengue fever may be caused by some mechanism other than direct viral infection of the skin or involvement of immune globulins.
Alcoholism and Skin Disease
Authors: Parish LawrenceCharles , Fine Eric
Published: May 2007

Abstract: One hundred and one patients who met criteria for alcoholism were evaluated for dermatologic signs. There were 98 men and 3 women, with an average age of 40.85 years; 40 were white and 61 black. Significant findings were no skin disease in 19, acne in 27, folliculitis in 8, seborrheic dermatitis in 12, tinea pedis in 32, and xerosis in 7. Only two patients had rosacea, which is contrary to previously held beliefs about the drinker's nose.
Serum IgE Antibodies to the Scabies Mite
Authors: Dahl JensChristensen , Scwartz Bente , Graudal CHarlotte , Christophersen Jette , Henrisken SvendAace
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Porcine scabies mites, Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis are more readily available in sufficient quantities than are human scabies mites. Circulating IgE antibodies specific to porcine scabies mites were found in 6 (30%) of 20 scabies patients with an RAST score of at least 2. Seven patients had elevated serum total IgE levels. Correlation between the RAST values, the duration of pruritus, and the IgE levels was not found. The results do not prove the existence of antibodies specific to porcine scabies mites but strongly support this assumption.
Dermatomyositis and Cancer in Singapore
Authors: Chan H. L
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Of 12 patients with adult dermatomyositis studied. 5 (41 %) had associated malignancies, of which 3 were nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The youngest was a 23‐year‐old woman. In view of the high incidence of cancer and the predominance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignancy evaluation in Chinese patients from the Far East, 20 years of age or older with dermatomyositis should have extended workups for postnasal cancer. Two patients who had positive antinuclear not have associated cancers. Three patients died of acute myocardial infarction.
Clobetasol Propionate Versus Fluocinonide Creams in Psoriasis and Eczema
Authors: Jecasothy Brian , Jacobson Coleman , Levine Norman , Millikan Larry , Olsen Elise , Pinnell Sheldon , Cole Gary , Weinstein Gerald , Porter Marvin
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A double‐blind, parallel comparison was made of the short‐term efficacy and safety of three times daily regimens of 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream and 0.05% fluocinonide cream in 114 adolescent and adult patients with psoriasis and 113 with eczema. After 2 weeks of topical applications, patients were assessed according to (1) investigators' overall judgment of clinical response, (2) degree of severity of specific signs and symptoms, and (3) patients' evaluation of improvement. In all three response categories in psoriasis, and in two of three in eczema, clobetasol was statistically significantly superior to fluocinonide (p < 0.05‐p < 0.001). Healing commenced more rapidly with clobetasol and there was no indication of tachyphylaxis. In contrast, the healing rate with fluocinonide slowed noticeably after the first week, and there was a greater tendency to relapse following fluocinonide treatment. Both regimens were safe: drug‐related side effects were generally mild and occurred most commonly with fluocinonide therapy in eczema patients. Overall, drug‐related effects occurred in 4% of patients receiving clobetasol and 72% receiving fluocinonide (p < 0.05). Transient morning plasma cortisol reductions below 5 μg/dl occurred in 6% of clobetasol‐treated patients, reverting to normal within 1 week of the end of treatment.
Alcoholism and Skin Disease
Authors: Parish Lawrence Charles , Fine Eric
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: One hundred and one patients who met criteria for alcoholism were evaluated for dermatologic signs. There were 98 men and 3 women, with an average age of 40.85 years; 40 were white and 61 black. Significant findings were no skin disease in 19, acne in 27, folliculitis in 8, seborrheic dermatitis in 12, tinea pedis in 32, and xerosis in 7. Only two patients had rosacea, which is contrary to previously held beliefs about the drinker's nose.
Pigmented Follicular Cysts
Authors: Pavlidakey George P. , Mehregan Amir , Hashimoto Ken
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Pigmented follicular cysts are newly described cutaneous cysts with characteristic histology. They are usually single pigmented lesions occurring in men between 20 and 63 years of age that often are mistaken for nevi. The eighth case of this newly described cyst is presented; a brief review of epithelial cysts and how they differ from pigmented follicular cysts also is reported.
Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Responsive to Selenium Sulfide
Authors: Nordby Catherine A. , Mitchell Andrew J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Cougerot and Carteaud (CRP) is a distinctive clinicopathologic entity, of unknown etiology, which shows some resemblance to pityriasis versicolor. A case of CRP that showed a signific ant therapeutic response to topical selenium sulfide is reported. In previously described cases, response to this agent and to other medications, both antifungal and keratolytic, has been variable. A review of these cases reveals conflicting evidence regarding the questionable role of Malassezia furfur in CRP.
Behçet's Disease
Authors: Müftüoǧlu AsumanÜ. , Yazici Hasan , Yurdakul Sabahattin , Tüzün Yalçlin , Pazarli Halit , Güncen Günseli , Deniz ŠEbnem
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In a prospective study of 150 patients with Behcet's disease, significant associations were shown between CRP positivity and the presence of erythema nodosum (p < 0.02) and acute thrombophlebitis (p < 0.05) and between ESR and erythema nodosum (p < 0.01), acute thrombophlebitis (p < 0.001), and acute arthritis (p < 0.01). Mucocutaneous, ocular, or central nervous system activities did not show significant associations with these indices of inflammation. In 50 patients in whom quantitative CRP determinations were performed, clinical disease activity was accompanied by slight to moderate increases in CRP and ESR.
Immunoprofile of Reactions in Leprosy
Authors: Sehgal V. N. , Gautam R. K. , Sharma V. K.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The immunologic profile during erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) revealed increased percentage and absolute count of B‐lymphocytes, in addition to considerably lowered levels of complement component C3. Serum immunoglobulins—IgG, IgA, and IgM—were significantly raised after subsidence of ENL, whereas upgrading reaction showed an increase of absolute count of total T lymphocytes and percentage and count of B‐lymphocytes. In addition, a raised serum IgM level was noted after regression of ENL. Downgrading reaction demonstrated a decreased percentage of early T‐lymphocytes and raised the absolute count of B‐lymphocytes. Serum IgA levels were found to be increased after amelioration of ENL.
Pagetoid Bowen's Disease on the Breast
Authors: Blobstein Steven H. , Wolfin Nancy S. , Urmacher Carlos , Myskowski Patricia L.
Published: May 2007

A 75‐Year‐old while woman was referred to Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center for evaluation of a slowly enlarging, asymptomatic plaque that had been present on the left breast for several years. She had developed hypothyroidism and hypertension. There was no personal or family history of skin cancer or broast disease. Results of mammography, performed 1 month earlier, were normal. Physical examination revealed an elderly, moderately obose white woman. Examination of the breasts did not reveal any masses, and there were no palpable axillary lymph nodes.

On the left breast, tbere was a well circumscribed, orangered plaque, 3 cm in diameter, with a peripheral collarette scale. The lesion was located 2 cm from the areola, in the medio‐inferior quadrant of the breast (Fig. 1). A punch biopsy of the lesion showed atypical cells in the epidermis characterized by abundant pale cytoplasm (Fig. 2). Result of PAS stain for glycogen was only weakly positive, and results of all stains for mucin were negative. A lichenoid lymphohistiocytic infiltrate was seen in the dermis. A complete excision of the lesion was performed, revealing Bowen's disease. The specimen contained areas of pagetoid cells (Fig. 2) as well as more typical areas of Bowen's disease (Fig. 3).
Iron, Copper, and Zinc Concentrations in Normal Skin and in Various Nonmalignant and Malignant Lesions
Authors: Gorodetsky Raphael , Sheskin Jacob , Weinreb Arye
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in the skin have been noninvasively determined in vivo by diagnostic x‐ray spectrometry. The skin of healthy controls was divided into two major groups based upon the distribution of the concentrations of these elements. In the face and upper neck, the following wet weight concentrations were recorded: Fe, 14.2 ± 3.3 ppm; Cu, 1.3 ± 0.3 ppm; and Zn, 6.7 ±1.1 ppm. In the chest, abdomen, arm, axilla, and lower neck, the concentrations of these elements were as follows: Fe, 10.2 ± 2.5 ppm; Cu, 0.8 ± 0.3 ppm; and Zn, 4.5 ± 1.7 ppm. In most lesions of solar dermatitis, solar keratosis, basal and squamous cell carcinomas, variable elevations of Zn and Fe (up to significant levels) were recorded in most of the contralateral, apparently uninvolved skin. In the majority of pigmented nevi and malignant melanomas, the levels of Fe and Zn were elevated. In some of these, the Cu concentration also was increased.
Papillon‐Lefevre Syndrome
Authors: Pareek Shiv Shanker , Al‐Aska Abdul Karim
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome in six‐Saudi children in the same family is described. The parents were unaffected, and parental consanguinity was present. Palmoplantar keratosis started at the age of 11/2 years. The loss of deciduous teeth was a consequence of juvenile periodontitis. All essential features of the syndrome were present in the series.
Impact of Leprosy on Family and Intimate Relationships
Authors: Ashamalla L.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Ninety‐eight families with leprotic members were examined. Of these, only two families were identified where both couples were leprotic. The father was the known leprotic member in 46 cases and the mother in 12 families. There were seven cases where the father and one son were leprotic, while in one case it was the mother and son; 25 families presented a leprotic son or daughter, while their parents were apparently free. Leprotic siblings or cousins of nonleprotic parents were seen in five families.

The duration of marriage and details of history were taken in each case. The relation between close contact and the development of leprosy will be discussed.
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis Mimicking Erythema Multiforme in Adult
Authors: Argenyi Zsolt B. , Bekcfeld Wuma F. , Valenzuela Rafael , Mcmahon James T. , Tomecki Kenncth J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: This report describes a 49‐year‐old woman with an erythema multiforme‐like rash and direct immunofluorescence showing linear IgA deposits at the dernmepidermal junction. Light microscopy revealed features of bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and erythema multiforme: immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated IgA deposition beneath the lamina densa about anchoring fibrils. These data provide additional information about the variable clinical and histologic manifestations of the adult linear IgA bullous dermatosis and emphasize the diagnostic dilemmas of light microscopy, which are resolved by immunohistochemical methods.
Secondary Tuberculosis of the Skin
Authors: Ramesh V. , Misra R. S. , Jain R. K.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: One hundred patients with secondary skin tuberculosis–59 with lupus vulgaris (LV), 27 with scrofuloderma (SD), and 14 with tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TVC)–were included in this study. The buttocks and lower limbs were seen to be important sites of involvement in LV, besides the occurrence over the face. An active focus of tuberculosis was present in 18, a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis in 8, and intrafamilial tuberculous infections in 21. Histopathology and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were done in all the cases. Guinea pig inoculation was done in 11. The poor results of these investigations have been highlighted and discussed with reference to studies done in the past by other workers. The need for improvement in laboratory techniques is suggested.
Corynebacterium pyogenes
Authors: Kotrajaras Renoo , Tagami Hachiro
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: There is a yearly outbreak of endemic leg ulcers in Thailand Corynebacterium pyogenes, a pathogen to animals, is frequently isolated from the fresh lesions in addition to common pyogenic bacteria such as beta‐hemolytic streptococci mostly group A, and Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although circulating titers of IgG and IgM anti‐C. pyogenes antibodies were found to be very low in studied cases, intradermal skin test with C. pyogenes vaccine containing nonviable 105 microorganisms induced an erythematous reaction with maximum intensity at 6 hours; direct immunofluorescence showed granular deposition of C3 along the dermoepidermal junction at this time. Unexpectedly, the sites of such a skin test that subsequently underwent biopsy presented tender erythematous induration 1 week later and developed granulomatous ulceralive lesions after 10 days in 11 of 15 patients.

Radioimmunoassay for C5a and C5a of arginine demonstrated that C. pyogenes activaited complement even in the absence of specific antibodies. These findings suggest the importance of skin injury followed by infection with C. pyogenes in the development of endemic leg ulcers supporting our hypothesis that the infection of accidentally traumatized skin by C. pyogenes, which is carried by Oriental‐eye files, induces the granulomatous lesions of endemic leg ulcers.
Mongolian Spots in Chinese Children
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Ninety‐two Chinese Canadian newborn infants (49 boys and 43 girls J and 1633 Chinese Canadian children (819 boys and 814 girls J in Calgary, Alberta, Canada were examined for the presence of Mongolian spots. Mongolian spots were present in all newborns and disappeared slowly until 6 years of age when the rate of disappearance increased. At 10 years of age, none were found. The overall incidence regardless of age was 58% in boys and 53.3% in girls. The most frequent site of involvement was the sacrococcygeal area, followed by the gluteal and lumbar areas. Both sides were equally affected. In only 7.8% of boys and 3.3% of girls was the involved area greater than 15% of the body surface area. Most (63.8% of boys and 67.4% of girls J had less than 5% involved. The color of the Mongolian spots varied from gray to grayish blue to grayish black. In general, younger children had darker Mongolian spots.
Papillon‐Lefévre Syndrome
Authors: El Darouti M.A. , Al Raubaie S. M. , Eiada M. A.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of palmoplantar keratinization in which there is a unique association of the palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and premature loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth. We report three patients with papillon‐lefévre syndrome who showed a remarkable degree of improvement after treatment with an oral retinoid.
Cutaneous Mast Cell Quantity in Pruritic and Nonpruritic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Klein Laura R. , Klein Jon B. , Hanno Ruth , Callen Jeffrey P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Pruritus remains a significant complication of end‐stage renal disease. Its cause in hemodialysis patients is not known. It has been postulated that increased numbers of mast cells occur in these patients and may account for the presence of pruritus. Our objective was to determine if there is a difference in the number of cutaneosus mast cells between pruritic and nonpruritic patients. A 3‐mm punch biopsy specimen was obtained from pruritic (n = 7) and nonpruritic (n ‐ 6) hemodialysis patients. We observed no significant difference in the quantity of cutaneous mast cells in pruritic and nonpruritic hemodialysis patients. We conclude that the etiology of pruritus in hemodialysis patients is not related to an increase in the number of cutaneous mast cells.
The Course and Prognosis of Pemphigus
Authors: Seidenbaum Moshe , David Michael , Sandbank Miriam
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A survey of 115 pemphigus patients who have been followed for 4–24 years was carried out in an attempt to analyze the possible factors influencing the course and prognosis of the disease. At the time of the study, 45 patients were in complete remission, 45 still had lesions, and 25 had died. In 12 cases, the death occurred from causes related to the disease or consequences of treatment. The comprehensive statistical analysis revealed that a good prognosis may be expected for patients who, in the initial stage of the disease, show involvement of the skin only (p < 0.05) and when systemic steroid therapy is instituted within half a year of appearance of the disease (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rate of recovery and mortality between the different groups of patients in regard to the initial dose of prednisone. A daily dose of 120 mg of prednisone was sufficient to control the lesions in most of the severe cases and less contributory to death in comparison with previous studies.
Skin Diseases in Tropical Africa
Authors: George A. O.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Diseases, ignorance, and poverty are linked in a vicious web in Africa. Economic changes (foreign debts) and frequent political instability (eg, due to military coups), refugee influx, and industrialization have had profound effects on skin diseases. The interaction of these influences on skin diseases is discussed, and suggestions are made to bring about some improvement.
Treatment of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Duschet Peter , Schwarz Thomas , Soyer Peter , Henk Alfhit , Hausmaninger Hubert , Gschnait Fritz
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Sixty‐four patients received systemic α‐interferon (10 million units subcutaneous daily) and 63 received systemic acyclovir (5 mg/kg body weight intravenously thrice daily) in a randomized study of acute herpes zoster. Start of healing, complete healing, development of new skin lesions in the primarily affected and in other dermatomes, and degree and duration of pain were evaluated. Both drugs proved equally clinically efficient without statistically different findings between the two groups; herpes zoster neuralgia was not prevented by either interferon or acyclovir therapy. Minor clinical side effects occurred slightly more frequently during interferon treatment and included fever and nausea. Transient and moderate leukopenia was observed in nearly all patients in the interferon group.
Generalized Lichen Nitidus
Authors: Ocampo Jorge , TornÉ RamÓn
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Two patients, one man aged 65 and one woman aged 48, presenting generalized lichen nitidus are reported. The clinical and histopathologic features of this uncommon presentation of lichen nitidus are illustrated as well as the excellent clinical response to the treatment with an H1‐blocking antihistaminic (astemizol).
Healing of Necrobiotic Ulcers with Antiplatelet Therapy Correlation with Plasma Thromboxane Levels
Authors: Heng Madalene C. Y. , Song Moon K. , Heng Ming Kiat
Published: May 2007

Necrobiosis lipoidica in diabetics has been considered to be a cutaneous manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy. Seven diabetic patients with necrobiotic ulcers of recent onset that healed after administration of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole had elevated thromboxane levels. Healing was associated with depression of the elevated thromboxane levels in all seven patients.
The Prestige of Dermatologists
Authors: Rosoff Stephen M. , Leone Matthew C.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Dermatology generally has been rated low in past studies of the prestige of medical specialties when the raters have been doctors and/or medical students. This investigation considers whether dermatologists maintain their relatively unfavorable position in the specialty prestige hierarchy when the raters are members of the lay public. Four hundred respondents ranked dermatology last out of ten specialties in ascribed esteem, perceived income, and assigned social value, suggesting that dermatologists are less well regarded by the public than are other doctors. Moreover, the relatively low prestige of dermatology appears to be largely independent of a rater's personal experience.
Vitiligo in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: George A. O.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The incidence of vitiligo at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, was 6% for the period from 1980–1983. Approximately 70% were not older than 30 years of age. Sixty‐three percent of the lesions were in exposed areas. No family history was obtained. Leucoderma from cosmetics needs to be differentiated from vitiligo. Mercuric iodide‐containing “germicidal” soap, antiseptics with phenolic derivatives, and hydroquinone‐containing cosmetics have become endemic and are contributing to the former type of hypomelanosis. More worrisome is the use of topical corticosteroids as adjuncts with hydroquinone for lightening the skin tone. Oral and topical psoralens are not available in Nigeria, and management of this already complex disease with other modalities of treatment remains unsatisfactory.
Disseminated Lupus Vulgaris Presenting as Granulomatous Folliculitis
Authors: Hruza George J. , Posnick Robert B. , Weltman Robert E.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 69‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐year history of scattered, grouped, asymptomatic follicular papules, pustules, and nodules tending toward coalescence into large geographic aggregates. Repeated cutaneous biopsy specimens showed granulomatous follculitis with negative Ziehl‐Neelsen stains. Finally, biopsy material submitted for mycobacterial culture grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. No evidence of active systemic tuberculosis was found. The patient had a very rare form of tuberculosis, disseminated lupus vulgaris, presenting with granulomatous folliculitis, which is usually not seen in lupus vulgaris. The lesions resolved after an 18‐month course of isoniazid and rifampin. The unusual clinical and histologic presentation as well as occasional partial remissions following a variety of nonspecific empiric therapies delayed diagnosis despite multiple evaluations. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining mycobacterial cultures from skin biopsy specimens in addition to special stains whenever cutaneous tuberculosis is suspected.
Proteoglycans in So‐Called Cellulite
Authors: Lotti T. , Ghersetich I. , Grappone C. , Dini G.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Glycosaminoglycans are a group of polysaccharide chains covalently linked to proteins to form proteoglycan molecules with high water‐attracting properties. The ultra‐structural localization of glycosaminoglycans in the so‐called cellulite skin and in normal subjects was studied. Data show that there is increasing concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the cellulite skin, presumably leading to a rise in the amount of water retained in the skin in this disease.
Acne Keloidalis‐like Lesions on the Scalp Associated with Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Grunwald Marcelo H. , Ben‐Dor David , Livni Ella , Halevy Sima
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A man developed acne keloidalis‐like lesions in the scalp during treatment with diphenylhydantoin and car‐bamazepine for epilepsy. These drugs were suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of this skin disease in an unusual location, based on clinical evidence and on the in vitro test, mast cell degranulation (MCD).
Cutaneous Thrombosis, Cerebrovascular Thrombosis, and Lupus Anticoagulant—the Sneddon Syndrome
Authors: Alegre Victor A. , Winkelmann R. K. , Gastineau Dennis A.
Published: May 2007

Ten patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant who presented with cutaneous vascular disease and Cerebrovascular disease are presented. Cutaneous manifestations were gangrene, thrombophlebitis, ulcers, and livedo reticularis. All 10 patients had cerebral infarction. The relationship between the cerebral and cutaneous vascular changes and the presence of lupus anticoagulant is supported by a common noninflammatory vascular thrombosis histologically in these patients and by the presence of similar pathologic and clinical findings in patients with the lupus anticoagulant syndrome.
Meta‐analysis for Dermatologists
Authors: Lycka Barry A. S.
Published: May 2007

Meta‐analysis is a relatively new statistical technique that is attracting a great deal of attention in the medical and social science literature. This technique is discussed in terms of its tenents, advantages, rudiments, and controversies.
Molluscum Contagiosum Treated with Iodine Solution and Salicylic Acid Plaster
Authors: Ohkuma M.
Published: May 2007

Twenty cases of molluscum have been evaluated for the clinical effectiveness of 70% PVP‐iodine solution and 50% salicylic acid plaster therapy. The treatment works well, and the shorter duration of treatment necessary for healing is statistically significant as compared with the duration of treatment for controls who lacked either one of the applications. Although the working mechanism for the effectiveness is not known, the treatment is characterized as a less expensive and less painful procedure. All patients were completely healed after a mean treatment of 26 days; there were no adverse effects. This therapy is recommended for the office patient, young children, diabetic patients, and those with multiple lesions.
Dermatologic Complications in Colostomy and Ileostomy Patients
Authors: Hellman Judith , Lago Charles P.
Published: May 2007

This study was designed to determine the prevalence and type of peristomal skin complications in ileostomy and colostomy patients. The influence of sex, race, age, and stoma location as possible risk factors for developing these conditions was examined. A chart review in combination with a telephone survey was conducted. The population included all ileostomy and colostomy patients (362) who had their procedure between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1985 at the Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York. Ninety‐three patients were ultimately surveyed. There were 58 ileostomy and 35 colostomy cases. This study concluded that there may be a direct relationship between age and peristomal skin problems; gender is not a risk factor for acquiring these conditions in ileostomy (p>0.7) or colostomy (p>0.3) patients; most patients seek the enterostomal therapist for treatment of peristomal skin problems; and the most common peristomal skin condition is minor to moderate skin irritation with redness. It is recommended that both the health professional managing the ostomy patients, and the ostomy patients themselves, receive more education concerning the techniques and the importance of proper stoma care. Future studies examining the role of the dermatologist with regard to these problems are recommended.
Dexamethasone‐Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy in Pemphigus
Authors: Kaur Surrinder , Kanwar Amrinder J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Fifty patients with pemphigus (45 pemphigus vulgaris, 5 pemphigus foliaceus) were treated with dexameth‐asone‐cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. The pulse consisted of 136 mg dexamethasone dissolved in 5% dextrose given in a drip over a period of 1–2 hours on 3 consecutive days. In addition, 500 mg cydophosphamide was added in the drip on the first day. Such pulses were given at monthly intervals. In between the pulses patients were given 50 mg cydophosphamide orally each day. The results were encouraging, the chief advantage being freedom from side effects of corticosteroid therapy. The lesions healed in 3–4 days and the patients were able to resume their work within one week. Further scope of such therapy in pemphigus is discussed.
Histoid Lepromas of Lepromatous Leprosy
Authors: Janniger Camila Krysicka , Kapila Rajendra , Schwarts Robert A. , Levis William R. , Lambert W. Clark
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Histoid lepromas are a rare eruption in patients with lepromatous leprosy. A 59‐year‐old man from India with lepromatious leprosy who developed histoid lepromas and who was dapsone resistant was studied. These tumors resembled cutaneous metastases. This Indian man is to our knowledge the first patient to be reported with this rare disorder in the continental United States.
Epidemiological Studies on Head Lice Infestation in Israel
Authors: Mumcuoglu Kosta Y. , Miller Jacqueline , Gofin Rosa , Adler Bella , Ben‐Ishai Fiameta , Almog Ruth , Kafka Dorothy , Klaus Sidney
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Of 3,079 children in a medium‐sized community near Jerusalem, 11.2% were found to be infested with living lice and eggs and another 23.4% had only nits. Boys and girls were equally infested. The incidence of infestation was highest among children4–11 years of age. About 78% of the infested children had from one to ten lice. Approximately 80% of the infested children had nits that were 2–5cm away from the scalp. Boys with medium length hair and girls with short hair showed the highest incidence of lice infestation. Children with brown and red hair were more infested than those with black and blond hair. Boys and girls with straight and wavy hair were more infested than those with curly and frizzy hair.
Antipsoriatic Therapies Inhibit Epidermal Plasminogen Activator Activity
Authors: Lotti Torello , Bonan Paolo , Cannarozzo G. , Fedi A. M. , Panconesi Emiliano
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Urokinase (UK, Mr 55,000) and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA, Mr 74,000) are serine proteinases involved in many biological processes, ie, cell migration, neoplastic transformation, and extracellular proteolysis. Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity (dependent on the activity of UK and tPA) was studied with the autohistographic fibrin film method in 40 patients affected by psoriasis vulgaris before and after topical (anthralin, betamethasone valerate, hydrocolloid occlusive dressing) or systemic psoralen‐ultraviolet‐light (PUVA) treatments. Autohistographic studies also were performed after apposition of monoclonal antibodies directed against the catalytic site of UK and tPA. Finally, UK and tPA were localized immunohistochemically in the psoriatic plaques and in controls using the immunoperoxidase procedure based on the biotin/avidin system. UK and tPA immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm and around the outlines of keratinocytes in the psoriatic patches before treatment and in the patches not cleared after treatment, while it was not detectable in normal epidermis, in the unaffected psoriatic epidermis, and in the cleared psoriatic skin. Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity was present in the cases in which UK and tPA were detected histochemically and, in the psoriatic epidermis, it was abolished by preincubation with anti‐tPA but not with anti‐UK antibodies. This study suggests that established topical and systemic treatments for psoriasis possess UK and tPA antagonist activity.
Age and Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas in Australia
Authors: Czarnecki D. , Meehan C. , Lewis A. , Nicholson Ian , Tait Brian
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A survey of patients with skin cancer in southern Australia detected that the development of multiple BCCs is common. The incidence of multiple BCCs peaks during the sixth decade and reaches a plateau. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR1 was associated with the development of multiple BCCs in people under the age of 55, but not in older people.
The Changing Face of Skin Cancer In Australia
Authors: Czarnecki D. , Meehan C. , O'Brien T. , Leahy S. , Nash C.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A survey of patients with basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) revealed that major changes have occurred since the World War II. In the pre‐World War II generations, men outnumber women and most BCCs occur on the head and neck. Men had more BCCs on the ear and trunk, while women had more on the head and leg. In the post‐World War II generation, women outnumbered men and most BCCs occurred on the trunk.
Puncta Priffftica
Authors: Crissey John Thorne
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Puncta pruritica is a chronic condition of unknown cause that is characterized by the occurrence of one or more intensely itchy pinpoint spots in clinically normal skin. Four cases are reported here.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Sweet Syndrome
Authors: Levenstein Mordechai M. , Fisher Benjamin K. , Fisher LeeOna L. , Pruzanski Waldemar
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A 78‐year‐old man presented simultaneously with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and Sweet syndrome (neutrophilic dermatosis). He was subsequently investigated for and found to have Sjögren syndrome. We believe that the simultaneous occurrence of the above cutaneous manifestations are very suggestive of and should prompt investigation for Sjögren syndrome.
Sweet Syndrome Associated with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Dompmartin Anne , Troussard Xavier , Lorier Elisabeth , Jacobs F. , Reman O. , Leroy D. , Leporrier M.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A case of Sweet syndrome in a patient with an acute myelomonocytic leukemia is reported, it is an unusual case simulating a facial erysipela. This case illustrates the difficulty in differentiating infection from Sweet syndrome in an immuno‐compromised patient. The negative cultures, ineffective antibiotics, and histopathologic examination results allowed the onset of corticosteroid therapy. The phagocytic function of the neutrophils studied by chemoluminescence was normal in the patient. The physiopathology of Sweet syndrome is discussed, in particular the role of cytokines in the accumulation of granulocytes.
Regional Dermatoses in the African
Authors: Olumide Yetunde Mercy , Odunowo Bolanie Darub , Odiase Abimbola Olajuwon
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Acquired facial hyperpigmentation is a common problem among African patients, particularly women, where the causes of the dermatoses are identified largely from circumstantial evidence of exposure to known agents. These include hydroquinone‐induced exogenous ochronosis from skin‐bleaching creams, mercury deposits from mercury‐containing skin‐lightening soaps and creams, sulfonamide‐related drugs, antimalarlals, fixed drug eruptions, clofazimine, and photosensitizing herbal concoctions. The differential diagnosis includes melasma and facial erythema ab igne (local cooks).
Mycologic Study of Tinea Capitis In Qatar
Authors: EI‐Benhawi Mohamed O. , Fathy Somaia , Moubasher A. H. , Alem Nawal S
Published: May 2007

Abstract: The causative dermatophytic species of tinea capitis were identified in 91 patients in Qatar. Microsporum canis was the most common isolated organism (86.81%) followed by Microsporum ferrugineum and Trichophyton violaceum. A gray patch type of tinea capitis was the predominant presentation (87.91%), and the disease was more prevalent among Qatari boys.
Tinea Capitis in Three Adults
Authors: Vidimos Allison T , Camisa Charles , Tomecki Kenneth J
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Three cases of tinea capitis in healthy adults are presented. In light of the very low incidence (<1%) of tinea capitis in nonimmunocompromised adults and the possibility of contagion from asymptomatic dermatophyte carriers in the pediatric and adult populations, the necessity for heightened clinical suspicion and diagnostic tenacity in the evaluation of adults with scalp dermatitis and/or alopecia for possible tinea capitis is underscored.
The Use of Mupirocin Before Skin Surgery
Authors: Czarnecki D. B. , Nash C. G. , Bohl T. G.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Presumed skin cancers were excised from 46 consecutive outpatients without antibiotic cover. A purulent wound developed in ten patients. Similar, but contaminated lesions were excised from 40 patients, but mupirocin ointment was used before surgery. Not one purulent wound developed out of 45 excisions.
Book Review
Authors: Beerman Herman
Published: May 2007

Book reviewed in this article:

The AIDS Knowledge Base. P. T. Cohen, M.A. Sande, P.A. Volberding.
The Incidence of Skin Diseases in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
Authors: Abu Share'ah Ahmed M. , Dayem Hussein Abdel
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: This is the first report on the incidence of skin diseases in the United Arab Emirates. A diagnostic analysis of 26,670 patients seen over the last 2 years (January 1987 to December 1988) at the Dermatology Clinic in Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE, is presented. The skin diseases have been listed in order of frequency and their percentages are compared with figures from other parts of the world. The common skin diseases as well as the peculiarities are discussed.
Sebum Measurements for Rapid Identification of Hyperandrogenism Due to an Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumor
Authors: Zlotogorski Abraham , Glaser Benjamin , Bercovici Bruno , Dikstein Shabtay
Published: May 2007

Direct measurements of sebum with the Sebumeter were used in a patient with a benign androgen‐producing tumor of the ovary. Androgen levels fell immediately after surgery whereas the markedly elevated sebum levels found preoperatively dropped to normal after a delay of more than 2 weeks. Therefore, the Subumeter, due to its simplicity, may useful for the preliminary screening and follow‐up of patients with hyperandrogenic states.
NONBULLOUS BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
Authors: WOLF RONNI , OPHIR JOSEPH , DECHNER EDIT
Published: May 2007

Three patients had a rare form of bullous pemphigoid, clinically similar to the erythematous type of bullous pemphigoid without vesiculobullous lesions. All the patients displayed immunofluorescence features of bullous pemphigoid. This form of the disease presents a substantial diagnostic problem because it lacks the principal morphologic feature of bullous pemphigoid, namely the vesicles and bullae.