bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic flow in striped superhydrophobic channels
Authors: Zhou Jiajia , Belyaev Aleksey V. , Schmid Friederike , Vinogradova Olga I.
Published: May 2012

We report results of dissipative particle dynamics simulations and develop a semi-analytical theory of an anisotropic flow in a parallel-plate channel with two superhydrophobic striped walls. Our approach is valid for any local slip at the gas sectors and an arbitrary distance between the plates, ranging from a thick to a thin channel. It allows us to optimize area fractions, slip lengths, channel thickness, and texture orientation to maximize a transverse flow. Our results may be useful for extracting effective slip tensors from global measurements, such as the permeability of a channel, in experiments or simulations, and may also find applications in passive microfluidic mixing.
In situ etched gratings embedded in AlGaAs for efficient high power 970 nm distributed feedback broad-area lasers
Authors: Schultz C. M. , Crump P. , Maaßdorf A. , Brox O. , Bugge F. , Mogilatenko A. , Wenzel H. , Knigge S. , Sumpf B. , Weyers M. , Erbert G. , Tränkle G.
Published: May 2012

We report optical nanostructuring technology, developed for distributed feedback gratings, broadly useable for many applications. The nanostructure is pre-structured into aluminum-free layers on top of AlGaAs then etched inside the epitaxy reactor and overgrown with AlGaAs. Oxygen contamination at the grating-interface is ∼3 × 1011 cm−2. These gratings introduce no extra internal optical loss and series resistance in broad-area lasers. Distributed feedback broad-area lasers using this technology achieve optical power >12 W, peak efficiency >60%, wide spectral locking range in current and heatsink temperature (over at least ∼30 °C) and operate at 10 W for >5000 h in a preliminary reliability test.
Nano-sized Ba2NaNb5O15–NaNbO3 co-crystallized glass-ceramics in phosphoniobate system
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihiro , Fujie Nobuhiro , Fujiwara Takumi
Published: May 2012

Glass-ceramics (GC) consisting of nano-sized Nb-dielectrics were fabricated in BaO–Na2O–P2O5–Nb2O5 system, and their crystallization and physical features were studied. Precursor of 0.67(2BaO–0.5Na2O)–1P2O5–2.5Nb2O5 glass co-crystallized Ba2NaNb5O15 (BNN) and NaNbO3 phases, which are about 10 nm in size, and resulting GC possessed an optical transparency comparable to the precursor glass, and optical band-gap of the GC was close to that of BNN. It is suggested that the fabricated GC is not merely a GC with transparency but Nb-dielectric GC, in which light scattering due to the crystallized phases evolution is minimized, i.e., practically transparent GC material.
Near-field ablation threshold of cellular samples in the mid-infrared wavelength region
Authors: Raghu Deepa , Hoffmann Joan A. , Gamari Benjamin , Reeves M. E.
Published: May 2012

We report the near-field ablation of biological material with spot sizes as small as 1.5 μm under 3 μm wavelength radiation. The fluence dependence of the ablation of both cellulose acetate coverslips in water and myoblast cell samples in growth media has been studied. We find that for all near-field experiments, the ablation thresholds are very high compared to far-field experiments. A detailed analysis of the length and time scales of the systems provides support for the identification of a plasma-induced mechanism. Thus, applications of sub-wavelength ablation will require robust near-field techniques with capability for high-power density delivery of light.
High mobility of the strongly confined hole gas in AgTaO3/SrTiO3
Authors: Nazir S. , Upadhyay Kahaly M. , Schwingenschlögl U.
Published: May 2012

A theoretical study of the two-dimensional hole gas at the (AgO)−/(TiO2)0 p-type interface in the AgTaO3/SrTiO3 (001) heterostructure is presented. The Ag 4d states strongly hybridize with the O 2p states and contribute to the hole gas. It is demonstrated that the holes are confined to an ultra thin layer (∼4.9Å) with a considerable carrier density of ∼1014cm-2. We estimate a hole mobility of 18.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is high enough to enable device applications.
Lagrangian statistics of light particles in turbulence
Authors: Mercado Julián Martínez , Prakash Vivek N. , Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Sun Chao , Lohse Detlef ,   (International Collaboration for Turbulence Research)
Published: May 2012

We study the Lagrangian velocity and acceleration statistics of light particles (micro-bubbles in water) in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Micro-bubbles with a diameter db = 340 μm and Stokes number from 0.02 to 0.09 are dispersed in a turbulent water tunnel operated at Taylor-Reynolds numbers (Reλ) ranging from 160 to 265. We reconstruct the bubble trajectories by employing three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry. It is found that the probability density functions (PDFs) of the micro-bubble acceleration show a highly non-Gaussian behavior with flatness values in the range 23 to 30. The acceleration flatness values show an increasing trend with Reλ, consistent with previous experiments [G. Voth, A. La Porta, A. M. Crawford, J. Alexander, and E. Bodenschatz, “Measurement of particle accelerations in fully developed turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 469, 121 (2002)]10.1017/S0022112002001842 and numerics [T. Ishihara, Y. Kaneda, M. Yokokawa, K. Itakura, and A. Uno, “Small-scale statistics in highresolution direct numerical simulation of turbulence: Reynolds number dependence of one-point velocity gradient statistics,” J. Fluid Mech. 592, 335 (2007)]10.1017/S0022112007008531. These acceleration PDFs show a higher intermittency compared to tracers [S. Ayyalasomayajula, Z. Warhaft, and L. R. Collins, “Modeling inertial particle acceleration statistics in isotropic turbulence,” Phys. Fluids. 20, 095104 (2008)]10.1063/1.2976174 and heavy particles [S. Ayyalasomayajula, A. Gylfason, L. R. Collins, E. Bodenschatz, and Z. Warhaft, “Lagrangian measurements of inertial particle accelerations in grid generated wind tunnel turbulence,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 144507 (2006)]10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.144507 in wind tunnel experiments. In addition, the micro-bubble acceleration autocorrelation function decorrelates slower with increasing Reλ. We also compare our results with experiments in von Kármán flows and point-particle direct numerical simulations with periodic boundary conditions.
Inverted organic solar cells based on aqueous processed ZnO interlayers at low temperature
Authors: Bai Sai , Wu Zhongwei , Xu Xiaoli , Jin Yizheng , Sun Baoquan , Guo Xiaojun , He Shasha , Wang Xin , Ye Zhizhen , Wei Huaixin , Han Xiaoyuan , Ma Wanli
Published: May 2012

A facile solution processable and low temperature (≤150 °C) approach was developed to deposit ZnO electron transport interlayers for inverted organic solar cells. The ZnO thin films were fabricated from the stable and non-toxic aqueous precursor solutions of ammine-hydroxo zinc complex, [Zn(NH3)x](OH)2. The resulting inverted poly (3-hexylthiophene): [6-6]-phenyl C61 butryric acid methyl ester solar cells exhibited power conversion efficiency of 4.17% as well as decent stability. We demonstrate that the work function of the ZnO electron transport interlayers was critical in terms of governing the photovoltaic performance of the inverted devices.
Molecular control of photoexcited charge transfer and recombination at a quaterthiophene/zinc oxide interface
Authors: Mou Weiwei , Ohmura Satoshi , Shimojo Fuyuki , Nakano Aiichiro
Published: May 2012

Nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study photoexcited charge transfer (CT) and charge recombination (CR) at an interface between a conjugated oligomer donor, quaterthiophene (QT), and an inorganic acceptor (ZnO). Simulations reveal a detrimental effect of static disorder in QT conformation on the efficiency of hybrid QT/ZnO solar cells due to increased CR. On the contrary, dynamic disorder (i.e., fluctuation of carbon-hydrogen bonds in QT) is essential for high efficiency by assisting CT. The separate controllability of CT and CR at the molecular level has impacts on molecular design for efficient solar cells and explains recent experimental observations.
Heating asymmetry induced by tunneling current flow in magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Gapihan E. , Hérault J. , Sousa R. C. , Dahmane Y. , Dieny B. , Vila L. , Prejbeanu I. L. , Ducruet C. , Portemont C. , Mackay K. , Nozières J. P.
Published: May 2012

In this work, exchange bias was used as a probe to characterise the temperature profile induced by the inelastic relaxation of electrons tunnelling across a MgO barrier. Thermally assisted magnetic random access memory (TA-MRAM) cells comprising a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with a reference pinned layer and a FeMn exchange biased storage layer were used. The pinning direction of the ferromagnetic storage layer is reversed when heated above the blocking temperature of the antiferromagnetic layer (FeMn). The power density required to reach this blocking temperature in the FeMn layer depends on the current polarity, indicating that the heat source term associated with the current flowing through the barrier depends itself on the current direction in contrast to simple Joule heating. This effect is due to the mechanism of energy dissipation in tunnelling. The tunnelling itself is ballistic i.e., without dissipation. However, after tunnelling, the hot electrons very quickly relax to the Fermi energy thereby loosing their excess energy in the receiving electrode. Therefore, the heat is essentially generated on one side of the barrier so that the whole profile of temperature throughout the pillar depends on the current direction. Full 3D thermal simulations also confirmed the temperature profile asymmetry. The proper choice of heating current direction (i.e., voltage polarity applied to the MTJ) can yield a reduction of about 10% in the heating power density required to enable writing in thermally assisted MRAM cells.
Demonstration of charge breeding in a compact room temperature electron beam ion trap
Authors: Vorobjev G. , Sokolov A. , Thorn A. , Herfurth F. , Kester O. , Quint W. , Stöhlker Th. , Zschornack G.
Published: May 2012

For the first time, a small room-temperature electron beam ion trap (EBIT), operated with permanent magnets, was successfully used for charge breeding experiments. The relatively low magnetic field of this EBIT does not contribute to the capture of the ions; single-charged ions are only caught by the space charge potential of the electron beam. An over-barrier injection method was used to fill the EBIT's electrostatic trap with externally produced, single-charged potassium ions. Charge states as high as K19+ were reached after about a 3 s breeding time. The capture and breeding efficiencies up to 0.016(4)% for K17+ have been measured.
Improved conductivity and long-term stability of sulfur-passivated n-GaAs nanowires
Authors: Tajik N. , Chia A. C. E. , LaPierre R. R.
Published: May 2012

The surface passivation of n-type GaAs nanowires (NWs) by ammonium polysulfide solution, (NH4)2Sx, is described. The passivation resulted in a two order of magnitude increase in current density in an ensemble NW device. A depletion and recombination model is used to explain the results in terms of a reduction in surface trap density upon passivation. The results are comparable to a previous passivation method using AlInP shells. The S passivation was found to be unstable according to the degradation in the ensemble NW conductivity after a 7 months exposure to air.
The investigation of a compact auto-connected wire-wrapped pulsed transformer
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Zhang Jiande , Chen Dongqun , Cao Shengguang , Li Da , Zhang Tianyang
Published: May 2012

For the power conditioning circuit used to deliver power efficiently from flux compression generator (FCG) to the load with high impedance, an air-cored and wire-wrapped transformer convenient in coaxial connection to the other parts is investigated. To reduce the size and enhance the performance, an auto-connection is adopted. A fast and simple model is used to calculate the electrical parameters of the transformer. To evaluate the high voltage capability, the voltages across turns and the electric field distribution in the transformer are investigated. The calculated and the measured electrical parameters of the transformer show good agreements. And the safe operating voltage is predicted to exceed 500 kV. In the preliminary experiments, the transformer is tested in a power conditioning circuit with a capacitive power supply. It is demonstrated that the output voltage of the transformer reaches −342 kV under the input voltage of −81 kV.
Shape controllable microgel particles prepared by microfluidic combining external ionic crosslinking
Authors: Hu Yuandu , Wang Qin , Wang Jianying , Zhu Jintao , Wang Hong , Yang Yajiang
Published: May 2012

Alginate microgels with varied shapes, such as mushroom-like, hemi-spherical, red blood cell-like, and others, were generated by combining microfluidic and external ionic crosslinking methods. This novel method allows a continuous fine tuning of the microgel particles shape by simply varying the gelation conditions, e.g., viscosity of the gelation bath, collecting height, interfacial tension. The release behavior of iopamidol-loaded alginate microgel particles with varied morphologies shows significant differences. Our technique can also be extended to microgels formation from different anionic biopolymers, providing new opportunities to produce microgels with various anisotropic dimensions for the applications in drug delivery, optical devices, and in advanced materials formation.
Influence of flow rate on different properties of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films grown by PECVD
Authors: Santra T. S. , Bhattacharyya T. K. , Tseng F. G. , Barik T. K.
Published: May 2012

Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) thin films were deposited on pyrex glass substrate using different flow rate of haxamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) based liquid precursor with nitrogen gas as a glow discharged decomposition by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The significant influence of different precursor flow rates on refractive index and thickness of the DLN films was measured by using spectroscopic filmatrics and DEKTAK profilometer. Optical transparency of the DLN thin films was analyzed by UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer. FTIR spectroscopy, provides the information about shifted bonds like SiC2, Si-C, Si-O, C-C, Si-H, C-H, N-H, and O-H with different precursor flow rate. We have estimated the hardness of the DLN films from Raman spectroscopy using Gaussian deconvolution method and tried to investigate the correlation between hardness, refractive index and thickness of the films with different precursor flow rates. The composition and surface morphology of the DLN films were investigated by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. We have analyzed the hardness by intensity ratio (ID/IG) of D and G peaks and correlates with hardness measurement by nanoindentation test where hardness increases from 27.8 μl/min to 80.6μl/min and then decreases with increase of flow rate from 80.6μl/min to 149.5μl/min. Finally, we correlates different parameters of structural, optical and tribological properties like film-thickness, refractive index, light transmission, hardness, surface roughness, modulus of elasticity, contact angle etc. with different precursor flow rates of DLN films.
Connexin-43 prevents hematopoietic stem cell senescence through transfer of reactive oxygen species to bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Taniguchi Ishikawa Eri , Gonzalez-Nieto Daniel , Ghiaur Gabriel , Dunn Susan K. , Ficker Ashley M. , Murali Bhuvana , Madhu Malav , Gutstein David E. , Fishman Glenn I. , Barrio Luis C. , Cancelas Jose A.
Published: May 2012

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging has become a concern in chemotherapy of older patients. Humoral and paracrine signals from the bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) control HSC activity during regenerative hematopoiesis. Connexin-43 (Cx43), a connexin constituent of gap junctions (GJs) is expressed in HSCs, down-regulated during differentiation, and postulated to be a self-renewal gene. Our studies, however, reveal that hematopoietic-specific Cx43 deficiency does not result in significant long-term competitive repopulation deficiency. Instead, hematopoietic Cx43 (H-Cx43) deficiency delays hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU-treated H-Cx43-deficient HSC and progenitors (HSC/P) cells display decreased survival and fail to enter the cell cycle to proliferate. Cell cycle quiescence is associated with down-regulation of cyclin D1, up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21
cip1.
and p16
INK4a
, and Forkhead transcriptional factor 1 (Foxo1), and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), indicating that H-Cx43-deficient HSCs are prone to senescence. The mechanism of increased senescence in H-Cx43-deficient HSC/P cells depends on their inability to transfer reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the HM, leading to accumulation of ROS within HSCs. In vivo antioxidant administration prevents the defective hematopoietic regeneration, as well as exogenous expression of Cx43 in HSC/P cells. Furthermore, ROS transfer from HSC/P cells to BM stromal cells is also rescued by reexpression of Cx43 in HSC/P. Finally, the deficiency of Cx43 in the HM phenocopies the hematopoietic defect in vivo. These results indicate that Cx43 exerts a protective role and regulates the HSC/P ROS content through ROS transfer to the HM, resulting in HSC protection during stress hematopoietic regeneration.
Demonstration of Al:ZnO as a plasmonic component for near-infrared metamaterials
Authors: Naik Gururaj V. , Liu Jingjing , Kildishev Alexander V. , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra
Published: May 2012

Noble metals such as gold and silver are conventionally used as the primary plasmonic building blocks of optical metamaterials. Making subwavelength-scale structural elements from these metals not only seriously limits the optical performance of a device due to high absorption, it also substantially complicates the manufacturing process of nearly all metamaterial devices in the optical wavelength range. As an alternative to noble metals, we propose to use heavily doped oxide semiconductors that offer both functional and fabrication advantages in the near-infrared wavelength range. In this letter, we replace a metal with aluminum-doped zinc oxide as a new plasmonic material and experimentally demonstrate negative refraction in an Al:ZnO/ZnO metamaterial in the near-infrared range.
Allee effect promotes diversity in traveling waves of colonization
Authors: Roques Lionel , Garnier Jimmy , Hamel François , Klein Etienne K.
Published: May 2012

Most mathematical studies on expanding populations have focused on the rate of range expansion of a population. However, the genetic consequences of population expansion remain an understudied body of theory. Describing an expanding population as a traveling wave solution derived from a classical reaction-diffusion model, we analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of its genetic structure. We show that the presence of an Allee effect (i.e., a lower per capita growth rate at low densities) drastically modifies genetic diversity, both in the colonization front and behind it. With an Allee effect (i.e., pushed colonization waves), all of the genetic diversity of a population is conserved in the colonization front. In the absence of an Allee effect (i.e., pulled waves), only the furthest forward members of the initial population persist in the colonization front, indicating a strong erosion of the diversity in this population. These results counteract commonly held notions that the Allee effect generally has adverse consequences. Our study contributes new knowledge to the surfing phenomenon in continuous models without random genetic drift. It also provides insight into the dynamics of traveling wave solutions and leads to a new interpretation of the mathematical notions of pulled and pushed waves.
Languages left behind
Authors: Jordan David K.
Published: May 2012

The Unicode standard is an enormous step toward realizing the goal of a single computer encoding scheme for virtually all of the world’s scripts. Although not all computers will necessarily have the type fonts to print all characters, at least all computers will be able to recognize what characters are required for proper display of text in almost any language. However the Unicode standard presupposes that each language has a script consisting of a finite number of agreed-upon characters. Some languages still lack such agreement. As planning has gone forward for Unicode, more and more code points are being assigned, leaving ever less conveniently accessed code points for future expansion. This article describes the Unicode project. Then it describes the special challenge of encoding Chinese characters. Finally it uses the example of Hokkien, a “dialect” of Chinese spoken by most people in Taiwan, to explore the problem of unorthodox, unstable, or unofficial scripts. Political forces and technical considerations make it difficult to include such scripts in Unicode. As Unicode becomes the “de facto” standard for writing human languages, script innovations will presumably become less and less likely to receive wide use.
Latein
Authors: Barandovská-Frank Vera
Published: May 2012

Nach dem 18. Jhd. verlor Latein, nach und nach, seine Position als internationale Sprache. Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jhd. wird es auf mehreren Feldern wiederbelebt. Der Wortschatz wird durch nötige moderne Worte ergänzt, umfangreiche Fachterminare werden erarbeitet, einheitliche Aussprache wird benutzt, es erscheinen moderne Lehrmittel, -programme und -methoden, die zum Lateinsprechen und -schreiben anregen. Außer traditionellen wissenschaftlichen, universitären und schulischen Gebieten pflegen das lebendige Latein verschiedene internationale Organisationen mit vielfältigen Aktivitäten, von wissenschaftlichen Kongressen bis zu lustigen Ferien. Die Sprache funktioniert also als modernes Kommunikationsmittel, obwohl im verminderten Umfang, weil hinter ihr keine ökonomische Macht steht.
Gossamer — a resource-efficient de novo assembler
Authors: Conway Thomas , Wazny Jeremy , Bromage Andrew , Zobel Justin , Beresford-Smith Bryan
Published: May 2012

Motivation: The de novo assembly of short read high-throughput sequencing data poses significant computational challenges. The volume of data is huge; the reads are tiny compared to the underlying sequence, and there are significant numbers of sequencing errors. There are numerous software packages that allow users to assemble short reads, but most are either limited to relatively small genomes (e.g. bacteria) or require large computing infrastructure or employ greedy algorithms and thus often do not yield high-quality results.

Results: We have developed Gossamer, an implementation of the de Bruijn approach to assembly that requires close to the theoretical minimum of memory, but still allows efficient processing. Our results show that it is space efficient and produces high-quality assemblies.

Availability:  Gossamer is available for non-commercial use from http://www.genomics.csse.unimelb.edu.au/product-gossamer.php.

Contact:  tom.conway@nicta.com.au
Sphingobacterium hotanense sp. nov., isolated from soil of a Populus euphratica forest, and emended descriptions of

Sphingobacterium daejeonense

and

Sphingobacterium shayense
Authors: Xiao Ting , He Xiang , Cheng Gang , Kuang Haiju , Ma Xiangru , Yusup Khayir , Hamdun Maryam , Gulsimay Abaidulla , Fang Chengxiang , Rahman Erkin
Published: May 2012

A novel Gram-staining-negative bacterial strain, designated XH4T, was isolated from soil of a Populus euphratica forest in the Hotan River valley, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, PR China. The cells were strictly aerobic, non-motile, short rods. The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and at pH 7.0–8.0. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XH4T belonged to the genus

Sphingobacterium

and was closely related to

Sphingobacterium mizutaii

ATCC 33299T (96.1 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The major polar lipid of strain XH4T was phosphatidylethanolamine, and several unidentified polar lipids were also present. Strain XH4T showed the typical chemotaxonomic features of the genus

Sphingobacterium

, with the presence of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine 2 (CerPE-2) as the major ceramide. The major cellular fatty acids of strain XH4T were iso-C15 : 0 (34.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 20.7 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.7 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain XH4T represents a novel species of the genus

Sphingobacterium

, for which the name Sphingobacterium hotanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XH4T ( = NRRL B-59204T  = CCTCC AB 209007T). Emended descriptions of

Sphingobacterium daejeonense

and

Sphingobacterium shayense

are also given.
Bacillus ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Lan , Kim Yeon-Ju , Hoang Van-An , Min Jin Woo , Liang Zhi-qi , Yang Deok-Chun
Published: May 2012

A novel bacterial strain DCY53T was isolated from a soil sample from a ginseng field and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile with flagella. The strain was aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, optimum growth temperature and pH were 30–37 °C and 6.0–7.5, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DCY53T was shown to belong to the genus

Bacillus

and the closest phylogenetic relatives were

Bacillus pocheonensis

KCTC 13943T (98.3 %),

Bacillus bataviensis

LMG 21833T (98.0 %),

Bacillus soli

LMG 21838T (97.9 %),

Bacillus drentensis

LMG 21831T (97.8 %),

Bacillus niacini

DSM 2923T (97.8 %),

Bacillus novalis

LMG 21837T (97.7 %),

Bacillus vireti

LMG 21834T (97.6 %) and

Bacillus fumarioli

LMG 17489T (97.3 %). The DNA G+C content was 43.6 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA–DNA relatedness with closest relatives was below 55 %. The results of the genotypic analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that DCY53T represented a novel species within the genus

Bacillus

, for which we propose the name Bacillus ginsengisoli. The type strain is DCY53T ( = KCTC 13945T = JCM 17335T).
Phyllobacterium endophyticum sp. nov., isolated from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Flores-Félix José-David , Carro Lorena , Velázquez Encarna , Valverde Ángel , Cerda-Castillo Eugenia , García-Fraile Paula , Rivas Raúl
Published: May 2012

A strain, PEPV15T, was isolated from a nodule on Phaseolus vulgaris grown in soil in northern Spain. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and atpD genes showed that this strain belongs to the genus

Phyllobacterium

. The most closely related species were, in both cases,

Phyllobacterium brassicacearum

,

Phyllobacterium bourgognense

and

Phyllobacterium trifolii

, the type strains of which gave sequence similarities of 98.9, 98.6 and 98.4 %, respectively, in the 16S rRNA gene and 88.1, 87.5 and 88.7 %, respectively, in the atpD gene. PEPV15T contained Q-10 as the major quinone (88 %) and low amounts of Q-9 (12 %). It differed from its closest relatives in its growth in diverse culture conditions and in the assimilation of several carbon sources. The strain was not able to produce nodules in Phaseolus vulgaris. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid analyses confirmed that this strain represents a novel species of the genus

Phyllobacterium

for which the name Phyllobacterium endophyticum sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is PEPV15T ( = LMG 26470T = CECT 7949T). An emended description of the genus

Phyllobacterium

is also provided.
Flavobacterium tilapiae sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater pond, and emended descriptions of

Flavobacterium defluvii

and

Flavobacterium johnsoniae
Authors: Chen Wen-Ming , Huang Wei-Cheng , Young Chiu-Chung , Sheu Shih-Yi
Published: May 2012

A bacterial strain, designated Ruye-71T, was isolated from a freshwater tilapiine cichlid fish culture pond in Taiwan and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain Ruye-71T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented rods that were motile by gliding. Growth occurred at 10–30 °C (optimum, 15–30 °C), at pH 7.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0–2 % NaCl (optimum, 0–1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ruye-71T belonged to the genus

Flavobacterium

and was most closely related to

Flavobacterium defluvii

EMB117T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.7 %. Strain Ruye-71T contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Ruye-71T was 39.2 mol%. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Ruye-71T and

Flavobacterium defluvii

DSM 17963T was 39.9±1.2 %. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Ruye-71T should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium tilapiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ruye-71T ( = BCRC 80262T = KCTC 23312T). Emended descriptions of

Flavobacterium defluvii

and

Flavobacterium johnsoniae

are also proposed.
Subscale flight testing used in conceptual design
Authors: Jouannet Christopher , Berry Patrick , Melin Tomas , Amadori Kristian , Lundström David , Staack Ingo
Published: May 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the latest subscale demonstrator aircraft developed at Linköping University. It has been built as part of a study initiated by the Swedish Material Board (FMV) on a Generic Future Fighter aircraft. The paper will cover different aspects of the performed work: from paper study realised by SAAB to the first flight of the scaled demonstrator. The intention of the paper is to describe what has been realised and explain how the work is may be used to fit within aircraft conceptual design.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach has been to address the challenges proposed by the customer of the demonstrator, how to design, manufacture and operate a scaled demonstrator of an aircraft study in conceptual design within five months. Similar research projects have been reviewed in order to perform the current work.

Findings

The results obtained so far have led to new questions. In particular, the project indicated that more research is needed within the area of subscale flight testing for usage in aircraft conceptual design, since a scaled demonstrator is likely to answer some questions but will probably open up new ones.

Research limitations/implications

The current research is just in its infancy and does not bring any final conclusion but does, however, offer several guidelines for future works. Since the aircraft study was an early phase concept study, not much data are available for validation or comparison. Therefore, the paper is not presenting new methods or general conclusions.

Practical implications

Results from a conceptual aircraft study and a realisation of a scaled prototype are presented, which show that scaled flight testing may be used with some restriction in conceptual design.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is to show that universities can be involved in prototype development and can work in close collaboration with industries to address issues and solutions within aircraft conceptual design.
Entrepreneurship research
Authors: Audretsch David
Published: May 2012

Purpose

With the rapid emergence of scholarly thinking and analysis about entrepreneurship has come a multiplicity of approaches, emanating from different academic traditions. This has resulted in an academic field that is complex and heterogeneous with respect to approaches, methodologies and even the understanding about what exactly constitutes entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to try to reconcile the different approaches and views about entrepreneurship that are prevalent in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes the form of a literature review.

Findings

The paper finds that while such heterogeneity can be the source of a nuanced and at times contractor research field, it is also the source of richness and diversity that has contributed to making the emerging field so dynamic.

Practical implications

The field of entrepreneurship should remain committed to a diversity of approaches, understandings and methodologies about what constitutes entrepreneurial activity.

Originality/value

The value of the paper is that it presents a coherent framework that reconciles disparate approaches and understandings about what actually constitutes entrepreneurship.
The entrepreneurial growth ceiling
Authors: Welbourne Theresa M. , Neck Heidi , Dale Meyer G.
Published: May 2012

Purpose

In this paper the authors aim to introduce a concept that they call the “entrepreneurial growth ceiling” (EGC). They develop arguments that new venture IPOs hit the EGC prior to their IPO, and the ceiling is part of the impetus for going public. The paper argues that proceeds from the IPO will aid firms in breaking through the ceiling if the proceeds are strategically allocated.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines a cohort of firms that went public in the same year. The authors code data from the prospectuses of 366 organizations, including how proceeds were to be spent, and then add performance data post‐IPO.

Findings

The results from a longitudinal study of IPOs indicate that firms that allocate proceeds to human resources and innovation (research and development) are more likely to break through the EGC quickly and enhance long‐term stock performance.

Practical implications

Entrepreneurial firms will have higher success when investing money into their human resources (people) and in research and development (innovation). Given the current high rate of change in business, the authors expect these findings are even more relevant for not just IPOs but for all organizations going through change.

Social implications

Organizations that support and fund entrepreneurship and new venture growth should consider expanding their training to include human resource management, in particular as it ties to innovation.

Originality/value

The entrepreneurial growth ceiling is a new concept introduced in this paper. This research has important implications for IPOs and other high‐growth organizations.
Organizing change: testing cultural limits of sustainability
Authors: Magala S.J.
Published: May 2012

Purpose

A concept of culture as a solid black box of mental software is gone from serious research surviving in consulting modules and undergraduate teaching. Cultural values evolve and are more frequently examined in public through filters of institutional patterns and frames. The new, emergent cluster of sustainability values dominates and realigns all other values in unpredictable ways. One of the most relevant consequences consists of reinventing democracy, even within business corporations, Large Hadron Colliders and office work floors. The paper aims to define and interpret the cultural dimension of the emergent value of sustainability, which migrates towards the center of core values in the management of organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a theoretical interpretation with cutting‐edge empirical reports on the most complex research projects and their management based on negotiating values, goals and pragmatics. The paper also applies Boisot's information space model.

Findings

It is through continuous organized renegotiations that we learn how to construct a multiple, multilevel, ongoing platform for a global governance in the face of serious challenges.

Practical implications

The practical implications of the paper include a possible redesign of complex research projects with diverse organizational members (public authorities, business companies, NGOs, communities of knowledge) and a revision of the curricula of business schools from the point of insertion of the humanities.

Originality/value

The paper is the first attempt to draw a road map for a multidimensional information‐space inspired approach towards organizational change as a renegotiated process.
Entrepreneurship as connecting: some implications for theorising and practice
Authors: Anderson Alistair R. , Drakopoulou Dodd Sarah , Jack Sarah L.
Published: May 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider why entrepreneurship theorising has become fragmented and how the research problem might be resolved.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors first examine how entrepreneurial constructs reflect only part of what we “mean” by the construct to argue that we use different social constructions. This explains why theories are fragmented. But the authors then ask how we might use and reconcile this diversity, pointing to the utility of the constructs as part of a complex whole. The authors discuss entrepreneurship as a complex adaptive system showing how connections and relatedness help explain the power of entrepreneurship to use and adapt to change.

Research implications

The authors' proposition of entrepreneurial endeavours as a complex adaptive system provides a fresh theoretical platform to examine aspects of entrepreneurship and improve theorising.

Practical implications

The authors argue that this idea of connecting can also be used at the level of practice – how the connections that entrepreneurs use may help to explain some of what goes on in entrepreneurial practice.

Originality/value

The paper's contribution is a relatively novel way of connecting diverse theorising.
Using toolkits to achieve STEM enterprise learning outcomes
Authors: Watts Carys A. , Wray Katie
Published: May 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of using several commercial tools in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) subjects for enterprise education at Newcastle University, UK.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an overview of existing toolkit use in higher education, before reviewing where and how tools are used across science and engineering disciplines. Feedback was collated from Newcastle educators and students to determine whether the projected enterprise learning outcomes were achieved. STEM learning outcomes were also mapped to the NCEE entrepreneurship learning outcomes framework.

Findings

The paper investigated the use of three key enterprise toolkits across the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering and the Faculty of Medical Sciences, where the focus is on innovation and product/service development, rather than on the desire to “be an entrepreneur”. This reflection on practice evaluates the benefits and student perceptions of workshop tools for enterprise, decision making and teamwork. It makes comparison between the perceived employability needs of these students, and addresses the intended and actual outcomes of these tools.

Research limitations/implications

Evaluating toolkit use within a single university is constrained by common internal workings, however as exemplars of good practice this is of value to other UK higher education institutions.

Practical implications

Consideration is given to entrepreneurial support and development, and whether using existing tools should be used for summative or for formative assessment. It also questions whether tools are fit for purpose.

Originality/value

This paper reveals patterns of tool use and their effectiveness across science and engineering.
International enterprise education in Sri Lanka: a blended approach
Authors: Kasturiratne Dulekha , Lean Jonathan , Phippen Andy
Published: May 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how enterprise education was adapted from a UK higher education institution (HEI) setting into an international context through collaboration with two Sri Lankan universities. It demonstrates the value of enterprise education in different cultures, and presents learning from the challenges faced by both staff and students in moving away from a traditional delivery method.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a case study approach, the paper describes a blended, incremental implementation strategy aimed at developing staff and students’ understanding of enterprise education in a gradual, supportive and culturally‐sensitive manner. Evaluation is conducted through an analysis of formal assessment performance and qualitative module review.

Findings

The paper demonstrates the impact of enterprise education in an international context and a capability amongst most students to engage with it successfully, whilst also highlighting the challenges of delivery in a different culture.

Practical implications

The adaptation of enterprise education to an international setting can be shown to add value in various ways, including the development of soft skills and building confidence in team working and communication. It can also be shown to empower staff in delivering teaching using non‐traditional techniques. However, consideration of context is essential to effective delivery.

Originality/value

This study makes a contribution to the fields of transnational education and enterprise education in international contexts. It shows the value of enterprise education in challenging traditional delivery methods and the acceptance of such by both staff and students.
Increasing awareness and use of the library's resources and facilities through relationship marketing strategies
Authors: David Lourdes T. , Kim A. Sagun Karryl
Published: May 2012

Purpose

To increase the use of its resources and services, the Rizal Library of the Ateneo de Manila University embarked on a relationship marketing program targeted at three segments of the market, namely, the faculty, the graduate students and the undergraduate students. This paper aims to investigate this program.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports the results of its program over a period of time to compare usage before and after the program was implemented.

Findings

Results indicate that the program was successful in its implementation. Success indicators showed a marked increase in the use of its resources and services.

Practical implications

More relationship marketing strategies involving the students and faculty should be introduced to further make the library more visible, open lines of communication between the library and its users and increase customer satisfaction.

Originality/value

The strategy increased library traffic. It could be adapted by other libraries to increase usage of their resources and facilities.
Strategic analysis process at academic libraries in Oman
Authors: Al Hijji Khalfan
Published: May 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate methods that are used for analyzing strategically various aspects of academic libraries in Oman.

Design/methodology/approach

A research framework was designed to explore various steps of conceptualizing, collecting, analyzing data, and reporting results. Data gathered through in‐depth interviews with participants represented different management levels of academic libraries in the country. The analysis process utilized content analysis to shape the relationship between categories that were subjected to formulate knowledge.

Findings

The results indicate that strategic analysis process has been practiced in 40 percent of academic libraries in Oman, utilizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis technique. However, all respondents identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of their libraries under one or more of the following factors: information resources; administrative support; human resources; financial resources; building and space; facilities and equipment; and cooperation and communication. Yet, the priority and importance of each issue to each library varies from one institution to another, according to size and history of each university.

Research limitations/implications

The great differences in history, size, and infrastructure between the institutions investigated had affected the selection of the research population. Moreover, reports, statistics, existed in some libraries found unable to provide the necessary data, which forced the researcher to depend on the data gathered from respondents in building the research knowledge.

Originality/value

This research fills part of the gap that exists in the strategic management of information services. It is the first study shedding light on the application of strategic analysis in academic libraries in Oman.
A little planning beats a lot of firefighting
Authors: O'Connell Fergus
Published: May 2012

Purpose

To encourage more careful planning and discourage the idea that “we don't have time to plan it, just go do it.”

Design/methodology/approach

The opinions are based on more than 35 years working with, and consulting to, over 500 organizations.

Findings

Many projects are not planned properly and most organizations do not do enough planning when it comes to how the organization goes about achieving its objectives.

Originality/value

The picture of how most organizations are run is new. If the people who ran organizations did more planning they would be far more successful with far less stress and waste.
The problem of addressing culture in workplace strategies
Authors: Heeroma Daphne M. , Melissen Frans W. , Stierand Marc B.
Published: May 2012

Purpose

This conceptual paper explores the problems associated with trying to address culture as one of the key aspects in effective workplace strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper critically addresses the relationship between workplace strategies and the behavioural components of locality. It reviews the role that the concept of culture has, so far, played in trying to predict these behavioural consequences as part of (literature discussing) efforts to design appropriate workplace strategies.

Findings

The discussion reveals the need to further address this relation through dedicated research. What is more, it is argued that there is a clear need to focus explicitly on work patterns, and how these can be accounted for in workplace strategies, instead of continuing to focus on the concept of culture as a predictor for successfulness. It is argued that the latter does not allow for practical application, whereas the former could help us to better understand and predict the effectiveness of specific workplace strategies in specific (local) circumstances.

Practical implications

The outcome of the discussion suggests that organisations consisting of multiple locations could benefit from explicitly accounting for (local) work patterns in setting up workplace strategies for the organisation as a whole.

Originality/value

This paper reveals a relevant research gap in current literature on workplace strategies and suggests a shift in focus from culture to work patterns as one of the key aspects to address.