bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Weak D Antigen in Rh Negative Blood Group: An Experience at a Tertiary Blood Centre in Bengaluru, Southern India
Authors: Singh Akriti , Belagatti Satish , Simeon Brilsee , Budha Rashmi
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The Rh blood group system, consisting of more than 50 different antigens, is the most polymorphic among human blood types. Among them, D is the most important antigen. The incidence of weak (Du) antigens ranges from 0.2 to 1%. Routine screening for RhD does not cause agglutination with anti-RhD serum; therefore, it must be detected using anti- human globulin serum. Due to the potential immunological reaction of Du-positive cells in RhD-negative individuals, it is crucial to emphasise the therapeutic implications of this finding and its relation to the risk of alloimmunisation. Aim: To determine the frequency of the Du antigen among RhD- negative individuals. Materials and Methods: This five-year hospital-based cross- sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to January 2022 in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at ESIC MC and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. ABO and Rh blood group samples were collected in EDTA vacutainers from the blood collection centre and sent to the Department of Transfusion Medicine. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. Results were presented as numbers and percentages. ABO and Rh blood group typing were carried out using the tube method (immediate spin tube technique), and negative samples were further tested for weak D (Du) using the Gel card system. The Rh-negative cases with Du testing were recorded, and the frequency of the Du antigen in Rh-negative blood group types was determined. Results: A total of 69,282 blood samples were analysed, of which 66,442 (95.90%) were Rh positive, and 2,840 (4.10%) were Rh negative. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.79. Out of the total 2,840 Rh-D negative samples, 31 samples were weak D positive. Among them, 06 (0.85%) belonged to the A blood group, 12 (1.63%) to the B blood group, 12 (1.01%) to the O blood group, and 1 (0.47%) to the AB blood group. The Du positivity noted among the Rh-negative cases was 1.09%. The overall Du positivity noted among all the samples was 0.045%. Conclusion: To prevent RhD mismatches, which can lead to life-threatening complications, it is advised to retype all Rh- negative blood samples using a Du test during routine grouping. This is because weak D antigen is immunogenic and capable of producing alloimmunisation if transfused to RhD-negative individuals.
Physicochemical Properties of SWEET Potato Chips (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Domingos Domingos Afonso , Júnior Abel Alberto Massingue , Mutie Ezequiel Carlitos , Bunga José Sarmento , Machalela Angélica Agostinho , José António Elísio
Published: December 2023

Aims: The study aimed to produce and characterize sweet potato-based chips, focusing on pH, titratable acidity, moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrates, and calorific value. Sensory quality was assessed using acceptance tests.

Study Design: The research followed an experimental design with four formulations of sweet potato chips.

Methodology: Four different formulations of sweet potato chips were prepared, varying in the addition of ingredients such as sodium chloride and spice seasoning. Various chemical analyses were conducted to determine the nutritional content of the chips, and sensory evaluations were performed.

Results: The study found differences in pH, moisture, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, ash, titratable acidity, and calorific value among the different chip formulations. However, there were no significant differences in terms of moisture, protein, and titratable acidity. Formulations (B) and (C) achieved a 70 percent acceptance rate in sensory evaluations.

Conclusion: Sweet potato chips offer an alternative way to enjoy the nutritional benefits of sweet potatoes. The study provides insights into the composition and sensory acceptability of different chip formulations, which can guide future product development.
Changes in the Land Use Pattern and Cropping Pattern among Different Gradients of Tiruchirapalli District – A Farm Level Analysis
Authors: Gayathri E. , Devi K. Sita
Published: December 2023

Agriculture plays a vital role in an Indian Economy. Changes in land use subsequently leading to decreased agricultural land in favour of the provision of residential accommodation in most urban settlements. The extent of land use is also influenced by technological changes over a period of time. The technological changes in agriculture ignited intensive cultivation resulting in conversion of marginal lands into productive agricultural lands through capital intensive cultivation. Changes in farming and land use patterns result in urbanisation, which puts ecological stability and food security at risk. Within this background, the study has been formulated with the objectives of land use pattern and cropping pattern is to analyse the temporal changes in the land use pattern and the loss of agricultural land in the selected rural, peri-urban and urban gradients, to study the changes and shift in cropping pattern and to estimate the crop diversification across the gradients. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used. The data has been analysed using descriptive statistics, diversification indices, multiple regression analysis and garett ranking. The results of farm level analysis revealed that the conversion of the agricultural land through human settlements and other uses was more pronounced in the urban and peri-urban households than the rural households, might be due to urbanization and industrialization. The results also revealed that the gradual shift in the cropping pattern was pronounced in the rural gradient, followed by peri-urban and urban gradients. The major constraint faced by the sample respondents were water scarcity and labour scarcity for the land use and crop diversification.
Implementation of Financial Ratios: Evidence from the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Nurfian Rizki , Rahmawati Ika Yustina , Tubastuvi Naelati , Bagis Fatmah
Published: December 2023

Objective: Knowing the influence between capital structure, intellectual capital, and good corporate governance mechanisms on the company's financial performance.

Study Design: The population in this study consists of 87 primary consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2022. Data from this study comes from the company's annual report.

Place and Duration of Study:  Primary consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022

Methodology: The method used in data collection is using purposive sampling techniques. For the sample used in this study, a total of 147 company data using multiple regression analysis, model fit test, and hypothesis test were tested using the Eviews 10 analysis tool.

Results: The results showed that intellectual capital variables and the board of commissioners affected profitability according to the hypothesis, while the capital structure variables, audit committee, and board of directors did not affect the profitability of the company which rejected the initial hypothesis.

Conclusion: This quantitative research assesses the impact of financial management, corporate governance, and intellectual capital utilization on the financial performance of primary consumer companies, utilizing numerical data to test hypotheses. Specifically, it evaluates the relationships between profitability, liquidity, solvency, board composition, audit committee structure, and value added efficiency of human and structural capital on company returns. The analysis intends to optimize financial ratio performance, governance mechanisms, and intellectual capital employment to improve firm profitability within the sector.
Satisfaction with Duration of Orthodontic Treatment, Knowledge and Perception of Accelerated Orthodontics by Nigerian Dental Practitioners: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Ututu Chinyere , Orikpete Mariam , Okino Benjamin O. , Okino Chikamaram O. , Onyeaso Chukwudi O.
Published: December 2023

Background: The duration of orthodontic treatment with its attendant complications has been a subject of concern in the specialty of orthodontics, necessitating the need to quicken the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Despite the growing acceptance of accelerated orthodontics, there is paucity of related information from Nigeria.

Aim: To assess the satisfaction of Nigerian dental practitioners with the duration of orthodontic treatment and their knowledge and perception of accelerated orthodontics.

Materials and Methods: Both electronic and physical survey was conducted among Nigerian dental practitioners between January and June 2023 involving both those in Government employment and private practice. The questionnaire contained questions on satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment, knowledge and perception of accelerated orthodontics. The data was analysed using the IBM SPSS version 25. In addition to the descriptive statistics, the Chi-square statistics was used to test the hypotheses with the significance level set at P < .05.

Results: The response rate was 50%. The participants gave significant differences in their levels of satisfaction with the duration of orthodontic treatment but only 42.4% of them were satisfied. Some knowledge-deficit of accelerated orthodontics was observed among the participants with significantly correct responses in only four out the seven methods assessed (P < .05), while their positive perception of accelerated orthodontics was generally significant (P < .05).

Conclusion: The participants were not significantly satisfied with the duration of orthodontic treatment; had knowledge-deficit of the methods of accelerated orthodontics but significant positive perception.
The Effectiveness and Performance of BT Cotton's Insecticidal Properties under Various Abiotic Stresses: A Review
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Aziz Sana , Fatima Sana , Raza Shozib , Mukhtiar Kashif , Yousaf Talha , Zaheer Rimsha , Arslan Muhammad , Hamna  , Asif Ayesha
Published: December 2023

Over the past two decades, biotechnology has yielded Bt cotton, a huge success in the field of agriculture. In a number of countries, commercial Bt crop production has proven successful. The global food scarcity crisis has been alleviated by transgenic Bt crops, which have improved agricultural productivity. The Bt cotton crop displays variable levels of insect resistance to several environmental abiotic circumstances, including high temperatures, salt in the soil, water logging and scarcity, inadequate nitrogen supply, and humidity. It has been demonstrated that these components lessen the transgenic crop's endotoxin protein level, which in turn reduces the insecticidal efficacy of the crop. In unfavourable climatic conditions, plants have altered nitrogen metabolism and pain in their physiological systems. This article has discussed some of the primary stresses that Bt cotton encounters as well as the underlying mechanisms that explain its variable insecticidal efficacy under both single and combination pressures. While several important elements are covered in this study, such as gene silencing, post transcriptional changes, and protein breakdown, the most important aspect of this field that still need investigation is nitrogen metabolism. A thorough meta-analysis table provides an overview of the several significant research that have been carried out to examine the impacts of stress. A comprehensive study technique is needed to clarify the metabolic and physiological changes that transpire in transgenic cotton crops under high stress. In order to increase the production and performance of the cotton crop worldwide, more research is needed to address the unpredictable insect resistance of Bt crops.
International Involvement in Sovereign States: The Role of the AU in the Preservation of Peace and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Cameroon
Authors: Dipoko Ebenye Mbappe Sonne
Published: December 2023

The Anglophone issue, the jihadist insurgency, and Boko Haram are among the several violent conflicts that are occurring in Cameroon, along with escalating ethnic and political tensions both online and offline. Nevertheless, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) tenet has been steadily adopted across Africa. This study's primary goal was to learn what the African Union (AU) is doing in connection to the peace and security situation in Cameroon in light of the above context. This study was descriptive in nature. Secondary data was the sole form of data used in this investigation. Information was gathered through the internet, periodicals, newspapers, books, journals, and other sources. Numerous studies show that the AU Peace and Security Council, which makes decisions on the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts,    do not address Cameroon's challenges and problems. Therefore the AU and the United Nations (UN) can coordinate their efforts in addressing the humanitarian needs of refugees and displaced people.
Study about the Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Kuswaha Chandramani , Singh Lokendra , Vyas R. P. , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Rathore Tarun , Yadav Arnav , Kumar Surendra
Published: December 2023

Brinjal is an important vegetable crop grown in India, Asia, and many parts of the world. The primary objective of brinjal breeding is to develop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, have higher yields, and better fruit quality. In this study, 10 brinjal varieties were crossed to obtain F1’s hybrids. The F1’s were evaluated for yield and yield-related characters. The results showed a wide range of variation for all characters. The estimates of heritability in F1 varied from 45.43% (number of primary branches per plant) to 97.69% (Average Fruit weight). The genetic advance percent over mean for F1 varied from 6.25 % (Number of primary branches per plant) to 62.16 % (Average Fruit weight). Seven characters showed high performance viz. Average Fruit weight (62.16%) , Number of Fruit per Plant (50.37%), Fruit yield per plant (49.37), Fruit circumference (35.18), Plant height (32.77), Number of Secondary branches per plant (29.14%) and Fruit length (27.11%); three medium  performance viz. Days of 50% Flowering after transplanting (18.09), Days of First Fruit harvest after transplanting (15.35) and Fruit T.S.S (11.92%); one low performance i.e., Number of primary Branches per plant (6.25%). The PCV was higher than GCV indicate the role of environment in performance of characters while value of both have narrow difference indicate the mainly genetic factors is responsible for the performance of the characters of genotypes.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for yield and yield attributing characters, which indicates that selection for these traits will be effective.
Enhancing Nutritional Security and Combating Hidden Hunger with Climate-Resilient Millets
Authors: Vidhya C. S.  , Girase Indrajitsingh P. , Spandana B. , Jejal Anand Dinesh , Singh Monika , Karmakar Arijit , Bahadur Raj
Published: December 2023

Hidden hunger, characterized by a deficiency in essential micronutrients, persists as a critical global issue, undermining human health and well-being. Despite advancements in food production, millions suffer from the consequences of inadequate access to vital nutrients. To address this multifaceted challenge and fortify nutritional security, millets have emerged as a compelling solution. These small-seeded grains, known for their climate resilience, offer a potent means to mitigate hidden hunger while ensuring sustainable food systems. Millets have garnered attention for their exceptional adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, including drought and high temperatures. Their deep root systems enable them to thrive even in water-stressed regions, making them a reliable source of sustenance in a changing climate. As global temperatures rise and extreme weather events become more frequent, the ability of millets to maintain food production under challenging conditions is of paramount importance.  Beyond their adaptability, millets are nutritional powerhouses. They are replete with essential nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, B-complex vitamins, and crucial minerals such as iron and zinc. This nutritional profile positions millets as a valuable resource in addressing malnutrition and hidden hunger, which plague populations across the globe. Moreover, millets are gluten-free, offering an inclusive dietary option for individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivities. This aspect contributes to their  accessibility and relevance in diverse dietary regimes, aligning with the principles of equitable food security.
The cultivation of millets is also aligned with broader sustainability goals. Millet farming practices encourage biodiversity conservation, reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, and protect fragile ecosystems. Additionally, the economic and social benefits of millet production are significant, providing diversified income sources for smallholder farmers and rejuvenating rural communities. Governments and policymakers worldwide are increasingly recognizing the potential of millets in sustainable agriculture. Policies, subsidies, and initiatives are being introduced to support millet production, market development, and nutritional programs, fostering food security, climate resilience, and improved livelihoods. As the global community seeks sustainable solutions to hidden hunger and nutritional insecurity, millets stand as a resilient and nourishing ally. Harnessing their potential, along with continued research, investment, policy support, and heightened consumer awareness, is pivotal to securing a sustainable, nourished, and equitable future for all. In conclusion, the integration of millets into global food systems offers a pathway to enhance nutritional security, combat hidden hunger, and advance broader sustainability objectives.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Yield, Nutrition, and Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Responses to Circular Economy-Based Innovations in a Mining-Degraded Landscape
Authors: Asante Kwaku Onwona-Hwesofour , Abugre Simon , Akoto Daniel Sarfo , Derkyi Nana Sarfo Agyemang
Published: December 2023

Mining operations in Ghana's Forest-Savannah Transition Zone have caused widespread land degradation, jeopardizing ecosystems, food security, and agroecological sustainability. In response, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects of biochar and poultry litter amendments on cassava (Manihot esculenta) growth, nutritional quality, and heavy metal accumulation at an illegal mining-degraded site in the Amansie Central District of Ashanti, Ghana. The experiment included five treatments: biochar (10 ton/ha), poultry manure (10 ton/ha), a biochar-poultry manure mix (1:1 ratio, 10 ton/ha each), and two control groups (degraded and forest sites). The combined biochar and poultry manure treatment yielded the highest cassava stover biomass (22.9 ton/ha) during the first year. Nutritional characteristics of cassava such as %carbohydrate, %protein and %total ash tubers were influenced by treatment amendments. Additionally, biochar and poultry manure reduced the accumulation of Arsenic (As) by 168.9% and Lead (Pb) by 149.8% in cassava compared with galamsey soil control. This study showcases a circular economy-based approach that employs locally available resources to restore mining-degraded landscapes and enhance regenerative agricultural practices, reducing waste, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and improving carbon sequestration. Promoting the use of biochar and poultry manure amendments for ecological restoration in mining-degraded areas can contribute to sustainable land use, food security, and livelihoods. Policymakers should consider these strategies to align with global and national development goals while improving food systems and ecosystem services. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of cassava cultivation on amended mining sites and assess the potential of these amendments for agroecological enhancement and heavy metal immobilization.
Diabetes and Alternative Treatment Models
Authors: Arslan Alparslan , Dosay-Akbulut Mine
Published: December 2023

Diabetes Mellitus is a collection of various conditions that have resulted in an increase in blood glucose levels. This article outlines the current classification of diabetes mellitus and compares the majority of the characteristics of both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Fasting and oral glucose resistance tests and legitimate biochemical demonstrative criteria when utilizing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are moreover summarized. Rising rates of diabetes require focused on screening to distinguish diabetes and prediabetes in at-risk bunches. In order to prevent the development of diabetes in these random clusters and delay its progression, it is necessary to engage in early physical activity after that initial activity has occurred.

Concurring to the most recent information from The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2021, the number of grown-up patients matured 20-79 a long time around the world is over 500 million and this number will increment to 800 million within the 2050s.

Diabetes is also a costly disease that consumes about 12% of healthcare costs globally. Considering the undesirable side effects and costs of known standard treatments; Today, the tendency and preference possibilities for alternative therapies (CAM) are increasing day by day. Herbal medicines, in other words, alternative treatments are the traditional methods used in the treatment of many diseases, which are mostly preferred especially within Eastern and Middle Eastern countries.

In this study, possible alternative treatment models and sources of active substances were presented, and the possibilities and studies for more effective treatment of diabetes were summarized and tried to be put forward.
Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Growth Attributes under Natural Farming System in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Chauhan Aman Pratap Singh , Singh Dheerendra , Kushwah Nishita , Sharma Avinash , Parihar Chitrangda , Richhariya Ravi Kumar , Singh S. P.
Published: December 2023

Aims:   To evaluate growth attributes of potato under natural farming system in gird region of Madhya Pradesh.

Study Design: Randomized complete block design.

Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute- RS, research farm Gwalior during winter (Rabi) season of 2022-2023.

Methodology: Selected 5 plants from each treatment and replicated 3 times. Then follows methods as per given in materials and methods section of paper. Treatments T1: Control, T2: Inorganic practices (standard technology), T3: NADEP compost @ 25 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 1L/ha + PSB (Phosphorus solublizing bacteria) @ 1L/ha, T4: T3+ FYM @ 25 t/ha, T5: T3 + Vermicompost @ 7.5 t/ha, T6: T3+ neem cake @ 5 t/ha + foliar spray of copper oxychloride @ 3 g/L, T7: Integrated practice [90% RDF through inorganic sources {urea, SSP, MOP}, 10% RDF through organic sources i.e., FYM @ 25 t/ha.

Results: Results revealed that treatment T7 found better for growth parameters of potato i.e., maximum plant emergence percentage (92.88%), maximum plant height (50.250 cm and 73.700 cm at 50 DAP and at harvest, respectively), highest number of stems (6.35 and 6.89 at 50 DAP and at harvest) per plant, Highest number of compound leaves (47.950 and 58.250 at 50 DAP and at harvest), Highest fresh haulm weight (0.245 kg and 0.382 kg at 50 DAP and at harvest), highest dry haulm weight (21.80 g and 25.20 g at 50 DAP and at harvest), tuber yield (48.78 kg/plot) and lowest values found in treatment T1 – Control.

Conclusion: It is concluded that treatment T7 - Integrated practice [90% RDF through inorganic sources {urea, SSP, MOP}, 10% RDF through organic sources i.e., FYM @ 25 t/ha] found better than other treatments for growth parameters and yield of potato growing in grid region of Madhya Pradesh.
Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Second-Line Antidiabetics in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Cesta Carolyn E. , Rotem Ran , Bateman Brian T. , Chodick Gabriel , Cohen Jacqueline M. , Furu Kari , Gissler Mika , Huybrechts Krista F. , Kjerpeseth Lars J. , Leinonen Maarit K. , Pazzagli Laura , Zoega Helga , Seely Ellen W. , Patorno Elisabetta , Hernández-Díaz Sonia
Published: December 2023

Importance

Increasing use of second-line noninsulin antidiabetic medication (ADM) in pregnant individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may result in fetal exposure, but their teratogenic risk is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate periconceptional use of second-line noninsulin ADMs and whether it is associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in the infant.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational population-based cohort study used data from 4 Nordic countries (2009-2020), the US MarketScan Database (2012-2021), and the Israeli Maccabi Health Services database (2009-2020). Pregnant women with T2D were identified and their live-born infants were followed until up to 1 year after birth.

Exposure

Periconceptional exposure was defined as 1 or more prescription fill of sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, or insulin (active comparator) from 90 days before pregnancy to end of first trimester.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for MCMs were estimated using log-binomial regression models, adjusting for key confounders in each cohort and meta-analyzed.

Results

Periconceptional exposure to second-line noninsulin ADMs differed between countries (32, 295, and 73 per 100 000 pregnancies in the Nordics, US, and Israel, respectively), and increased over the study period, especially in the US. The standardized prevalence of MCMs was 3.7% in all infants (n = 3 514 865), 5.3% in the infants born to women with T2D (n = 51 826), and among infants exposed to sulfonylureas was 9.7% (n = 1362); DPP-4 inhibitors, 6.1% (n = 687); GLP-1 receptor agonists, 8.3% (n = 938); SGLT2 inhibitors, 7.0% (n = 335); and insulin, 7.8% (n = 5078). Compared with insulin, adjusted RRs for MCMs were 1.18 (95% CI, 0.94-1.48), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.64-1.06), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.72-1.26), and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.65-1.46) for infants exposed to sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

Use of second-line noninsulin ADMs is rapidly increasing for treatment of T2D and other indications, resulting in an increasing number of exposed pregnancies. Although some estimates were imprecise, results did not indicate a large increased risk of MCMs above the risk conferred by maternal T2D requiring second-line treatment. Although reassuring, confirmation from other studies is needed, and continuous monitoring will provide more precise estimates as data accumulate.
Laser In Situ Joining as a Novel Approach for Joining Large‐Scale Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Aircraft Structures
Authors: Pohl Eric , Langer Maurice , Rauscher Peter , Bleil Niklas , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: December 2023

Thermoplastic matrix composites are a viable option to reduce the carbon footprint during the life of an aircraft due to their ability to be molten and resolidified again. Tape‐based layup processes, such as automated tape placement, are well‐examined but have not seen extensive use in large‐scale joining applications, since they have to be processed layer‐by‐layer. In contrast, the advanced laser in situ joining method (CONTIjoin) utilizes fully consolidated and cut‐to‐size multilayered laminates, enabling the continuous layup of tailored laminates aligned with the mechanical application requirements. Herein, sample joints are manufactured using CONTIjoin technology, describing the general process principle, and are compared with samples produced using a standard heat press process. The base material, carbon fiber‐reinforced LMPAEK (low‐melt polyaryletherketone) is characterized using infrared spectroscopy. Using a 3.5 kW carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (10.6 μm wavelength) coupled with highly dynamic beam deflection, multidirectional reinforced laminates with up to six plies are processed to produce 24‐ply plates. The influence of joining temperatures up to 400 °C on the joint quality is investigated. Cross‐cuts are examined and interlaminar shear strength tests are conducted. With CONTIjoin, maximum strengths of 48.5 MPa are observed, reaching over 90% of the heat press reference.
Moisture Absorbing and Water Self‐Releasing from Hybrid Hydrogel Desiccants
Authors: Nah So Hee , Lee Yunchan , Yu Kun‐Hao , Chi Yinding , Lee Hyemin , Chen Baohong , Patel Mohit , Wang Kunyu , Yang Shu
Published: December 2023

Atmospheric moisture is a valuable resource for fresh water and potentially sustainable energy. However, direct harvesting water from moisture (the vapor form) remains the most challenging. Hybrid desiccants made from hydrogels embedded with salt offer promise in absorbing moisture. However, the desorption process often requires additional energy to heat the samples. Here, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogels embedded with lithium chloride are prepared, demonstratng simultaneous moisture absorption and self‐release of liquid water at room temperature with 50–90% relative humidity. The water self‐releasing process can be separated into two distinct stages: 1) surface release, where water droplets grow on the hydrogel surface due to differences in nucleation and diffusion rates, and 2) bulk release, triggered by the collapse of polymer chains, subsequently releasing water from the hydrogel network. Factors such as salt concentration, hydrogel crosslinking density, and film thickness are investigated to better understand the moisture absorption and water‐releasing processes. Moreover, hydrophobic domains are introduced onto the salt‐embedded PAA films, creating an edge effect that enhances the droplet growth rates. When the hydrophobic domains are patterned, the movement of released water can be guided, resulting in a threefold increase in water removal rate attributed to gravitational force.
Non‐Hermitian Topological Phononic Metamaterials
Authors: Lu Jiuyang , Deng Weiyin , Huang Xueqin , Ke Manzhu , Liu Zhengyou
Published: December 2023

Non‐Hermitian (NH) physics describes novel phenomena in open systems that allow generally complex spectra. Introducing NH physics into topological metamaterials, which permits explorations of topological wave phenomena in artificially designed structures, not only enables the experimental verification of exotic NH phenomena in these flexible platforms, but also enriches the manipulation of wave propagation beyond the Hermitian cases. Here, a perspective on the advances in the research of NH topological phononic metamaterials is presented, which covers the exceptional points and their topological geometries, the skin effect related to the topology of complex spectra, the interplay of NH effects and topological states in phononic metamaterials, etc.
Highly Active and Stable Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst Based on Ir‐Incorporated Partially Oxidized Ru Aerogel under Industrial‐Level Current Density
Authors: Yan Su , Chen Xiaojie , Li Weimo , Zhong Mengxiao , Xu Jiaqi , Xu Meijiao , Wang Ce , Pinna Nicola , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: December 2023

The realization of large‐scale industrial application of alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen generation is severely hampered by the cost of electricity. Therefore, it is currently necessary to synthesize highly efficient electrocatalysts with excellent stability and low overpotential under an industrial‐level current density. Herein, Ir‐incorporated in partially oxidized Ru aerogel has been designed and synthesized via a simple in situ reduction strategy and subsequent oxidation process. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the optimized Ru98Ir2‐350 electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in an alkaline environment (1 M KOH). Especially, at the large current density of 1000 mA cm−2, the overpotential is as low as 121 mV, far exceeding the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the Ru98Ir2‐350 catalyst also displays excellent stability over 1500 h at 1000 mA cm−2, denoting its industrial applicability. This work provides an efficient route for developing highly active and ultra‐stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation under industrial‐level current density.
Biomimetic Electronic Skin through Hierarchical Polymer Structural Design
Authors: Zhang Mengnan , Gong Shu , Hakobyan Karen , Gao Ziyan , Shao Zeyu , Peng Shuhua , Wu Shuying , Hao Xiaojing , Jiang Zhen , Wong Edgar H. , Liang Kang , Wang Chun H. , Cheng Wenlong , Xu Jiangtao
Published: December 2023

Human skin comprises multiple hierarchical layers that perform various functions such as protection, sensing, and structural support. Developing electronic skin (E‐skin) with similar properties has broad implications in health monitoring, prosthetics, and soft robotics. While previous efforts have predominantly concentrated on sensory capabilities, this study introduces a hierarchical polymer system that not only structurally resembles the epidermis‐dermis bilayer structure of skin but also encompasses sensing functions. The system comprises a polymeric hydrogel, representing the “dermis”, and a superimposed nanoporous polymer film, forming the “epidermis”. Within the film, interconnected nanoparticles mimic the arrangement of interlocked corneocytes within the epidermis. The fabrication process employs a robust in situ interfacial precipitation polymerization of specific water‐soluble monomers that become insoluble during polymerization. This process yields a hybrid layer establishing a durable interface between the film and hydrogel. Beyond the structural mimicry, this hierarchical structure offers functionalities resembling human skin, which includes (1) water loss protection of hydrogel by tailoring the hydrophobicity of the upper polymer film; (2) tactile sensing capability via self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerators; (3) built‐in gold nanowire‐based resistive sensor toward temperature and pressure sensing. This hierarchical polymeric approach represents a potent strategy to replicate both the structure and functions of human skin in synthetic designs.
The Landscape Data Commons: A system for standardizing, accessing, and applying large environmental datasets for agroecosystem research and management
Authors: McCord Sarah E. , Webb Nicholas P. , Bestelmeyer Brandon T. , Bonefont Kristopher , Brehm Joseph R. , Brown Joel , Courtright Ericha M. , Dietrich Chris , Duniway Michael C. , Edwards Brandon , Fraser Christopher , Herrick Jeffrey E. , Knight Anna C. , Metz Loretta , Van Zee Justin W. , Tweedie Craig
Published: December 2023

Understanding where, when, and why agroecosystems are changing requires quality information about ecosystems that span land tenure, ecological processes, and spatial scales. Over the past two decades, land management agencies and research groups have adopted a suite of standardized methods for monitoring rangelands, which have been implemented at over 85,000 monitoring locations globally. However, the ability to use these data to understand agroecosystem dynamics and change across scales and across land ownership has been limited because, until now, these data have not been available in a harmonized, accessible format for analyses, modeling, and decision‐support tools. We present the Landscape Data Commons, a cyberinfrastructure platform that harmonizes and aggregates standardized agroecosystem data, enables linkages to models, and facilitates analysis and interpretation of data within decision‐support tools. The Landscape Data Commons provides a community platform for users to contribute data and develop next‐generation tools to support agroecosystem management through the 21st century.
Two‐Step Chemical Looping Cycle for Renewable NH3 Production Based on Non‐Catalytic Co3Mo3N/Co6Mo6N Reactions
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Pailes , Kaur Shaspreet , Bush H. Evan , Miller James E. , Ambrosini Andrea , Loutzenhiser Peter G.
Published: December 2023

A two‐step solar thermochemical looping cycle based on Co3Mo3N/Co6Mo6N reduction/nitridation reactions offers a pathway for green NH3 production that utilizes concentrated solar irradiation, H2O, and air as feedstocks. The NH3 production cycle steps both derive process heat from concentrated solar irradiation and encompass 1) the reduction of Co3Mo3N in H2 to Co6Mo6N and NH3; and 2) nitridation of Co6Mo6N to Co3Mo3N with N2. Co3Mo3N reduction/nitridation reactions are examined at different H2 and/or N2 partial pressures and temperatures. NH3 production is quantified in situ using liquid conductivity measurements coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Solid‐state characterization is performed to identify a surface oxygen layer that necessitates the addition of H2 during cycling to prevent surface oxidation by trace amounts of O2. H2 concentrations of > 5% H2/Ar and temperatures >500 °C are required to reduce Co3Mo3N to Co6Mo6N and form NH3 at 1 bar. Complete regeneration of Co3Mo3N from Co6Mo6N is achieved at conditions of 700 °C under 25–75% H2/N2. H2 pressure‐swings are observed to increase NH3 production during Co3Mo3N reduction. The results represent the first comprehensive characterization of and definitive non‐catalytic production of NH3 via chemical looping with metal nitrides and provide insights for technology development.
Rationalizing Electron–Phonon Interactions and Hot Carriers Cooling in 2D to 3D Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Mahata Arup , Mosconi Edoardo , Meggiolaro Daniele , Fantacci Simona , De Angelis Filippo
Published: December 2023

The cooling mechanism of hot carriers (HC) in metal halide perovskites is a topic of debate which gathered huge attention due to its critical role in the performance of perovskite‐based optoelectronics. HC cooling in 2D perovskites is faster than in its 3D counterpart, whereas in 2D/3D perovskites cooling becomes faster with decreasing the thickness of the inorganic quantum wells. Using state‐of‐the art first principles calculations it is showed that the modulation of electron–phonon (e‐ph) coupling strength between bending and stretching phonon branches can explain this observation. Starting from the prototype BA2PbI4 and PEA2PbI4 2D perovskites, e‐ph coupling of individual phonon modes is investigated for 2D/3D perovskites with n = 1 and 3, along with a vis‐à‐vis comparison with the prototypical 3D MAPbI3 system. This study shows that e‐ph coupling with high‐frequency stretching phonon modes in the 60–120 cm−1 range is highest for n = 1 while it decreases with increasing the quantum well layers, by approaching the 3D bulk limit where e‐ph coupling with low‐frequency bending phonon modes (<60 cm−1) is dominant. Longer spacer cations with identical quantum well structures have a limited impact on the e‐ph coupling, highlighting that the primary factor governing HC cooling is the quantum confinement within the inorganic sublattice. This study provides an advancement in the understanding of the mode‐specific e‐ph mediated HC cooling mechanism in metal‐halide perovskites and can provide a route map toward tuning the e‐ph interaction, which is instrumental for effectively gathering HC in solar cell devices.
Boundary‐Free Metal–Organic Framework Glasses Enable Highly Stable All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xue , Guan De‐Hui , Miao Cheng‐Lin , Li Jia‐Xin , Li Jian‐You , Yuan Xin‐Yuan , Ma Xin‐Yue , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: December 2023

Rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage systems. However, the use of reactive lithium (Li) metal and the formation of Li dendrites during battery operation would lead to serious safety concerns, especially when flammable liquid electrolytes are utilized. Herein, superior metal–organic framework (MOF) glass‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) is developed for stable all‐solid‐state LOBs (SSLOBs). These non‐flammable and boundary‐free MOF glass SSEs are capable of suppressing the dendrite growth and exhibiting long‐term Li stripping/plating stability, contributing to superior Li+ conductivity (5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 20 °C), high Li+ transference number (0.86), and good electrochemical stability. It is discovered that discharge product deposition behavior in the solid‐solid interface can be well regulated by the ion/electron mixed conducted cathode fabricated with MOF glass SSEs and electronic conductive polymers. As a result, the SSLOBs can be stably recharged for 400 cycles with a low polarization gap and deliver a high capacity of 13552 mAh g−1. The development of this proposed MOF glass displays great application potential in energy storage systems with good safety and high energy density.
Unlocking the potential of circular consumption: The influence of circular habits, environmental concerns and the search for pro‐sustainable information on circular consumption
Authors: Gomes Sofia , Lopes João M.
Published: December 2023

In response to growing environmental and sustainability concerns, the circular economy and consumption have become significant themes in recent years. The transition to a circular economy is considered a critical move toward sustainable development as it addresses challenges, such as climate change, waste, pollution and biodiversity loss. The present study evaluates the influence of environmental concerns and the search for pro‐sustainable information by Portuguese consumers on their circular habits and their influence on their circular consumption choices. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of environmental concerns and Portuguese consumers' search for pro‐sustainable information on their circular consumption when mediated by their circular habits. Through an online questionnaire, 826 valid responses were collected from Portuguese consumers over 18 years of age, using a non‐probabilistic convenience sampling technique. The hypotheses established in the research model were tested using the Partial Least Squares method. Results indicate that environmental concerns and the search for pro‐sustainable information positively impact circular habits, with more emphasis on energy and water saving, and zero plastic use. Additionally, environmental concerns and the search for pro‐sustainable information directly correlate with circular consumption decisions, although this relationship is less intense when mediated by circular habits. Based on the results obtained in this study, a model of consumer participation in the circular economy is proposed. Consumers' adherence to responsible circular consumption habits can transform traditional corporate business models into circular models, accelerating more efficient management of natural resources and ensuring global sustainability and future generations' survival.
NestWatch: An open‐access, long‐term data set on avian reproductive success
Authors: Bailey Robyn L. , Larson Lisa , Bonter David N.
Published: December 2023

Long‐term avian nesting data are valuable to researchers studying various aspects of avian ecology, conservation, and management. Administered by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, NestWatch accepts nesting data from volunteers and professionals who agree to follow its protocol and submit data in a standardized form using either the website NestWatch.org, the mobile app, or a bulk upload template. These data (N = 574,288 nest records currently spanning 1874–2023) have been used to examine geographical and temporal variation in breeding success, clutch size, nesting phenology, and other metrics of interest to researchers. When combined with other data sets (e.g., climate, land cover, maps of environmental stressors), NestWatch data have been used to explore the large‐scale effects of anthropogenic change on nesting biology. These data can also be incorporated into investigations of status and trends for declining species and can potentially be aggregated with other large‐scale nest‐monitoring data sets to explore hemispheric or even global change. By committing these data to the public domain, we aimed to increase their use among researchers and stimulate novel studies. The NestWatch Open Data Set by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology is licensed under CC BY‐NC 3.0 (creativecommons.org); users are free to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the material in any medium or format, but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Users may do so reasonably, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses such use, and may not use the material for commercial purposes.
The activating receptor NKp65 is selectively expressed by human ILC3 and demarcates ILC3 from mature NK cells
Authors: Kühnel Ines , Vogler Isabel , Spreu Jessica , Bonig Halvard , Döring Claudia , Steinle Alexander
Published: December 2023

Innate lymphocytes comprise cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells and tissue‐resident innate lymphoid cells (ILC) that are subgrouped according to their cytokine profiles into group 1 ILC (ILC1), ILC2, and ILC3. However, cell surface receptors unambiguously defining or specifically activating such ILC subsets are scarcely known. Here, we report on the physiologic expression of the human activating C‐type lectin‐like receptor (CTLR) NKp65, a high‐affinity receptor for the CTLR keratinocyte‐associated C‐type lectin (KACL). Tracking rare NKp65 transcripts in human blood, we identify ILC3 to selectively express NKp65. NKp65 expression not only demarcates “bona fide” ILC3 from likewise RORγt‐expressing ILC precursors and lymphoid tissue inducer cells but also from mature NK cells which acquire the NKp65‐relative NKp80 during a Notch‐dependent differentiation from NKp65+ precursor cells. Hence, ILC3 and NK cells mutually exclusively and interdependently express the genetically coupled sibling receptors NKp65 and NKp80. Much alike NKp80, NKp65 promotes cytotoxicity by innate lymphocytes which may become relevant during pathophysiological reprogramming of ILC3. Altogether, we report the selective expression of the activating immunoreceptor NKp65 by ILC3 demarcating ILC3 from mature NK cells and endowing ILC3 with a dedicated immunosensor for the epidermal immune barrier.
Object‐place‐context learning impairment correlates with spatial learning impairment in agedLong–Evansrats
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Branch Audrey , Shuai Cecelia , Gallagher Michela , Knierim James J.
Published: December 2023

The hippocampal formation is vulnerable to the process of normal aging. In humans, the extent of this age‐related deterioration varies among individuals. Long–Evans rats replicate these individual differences as they age, and therefore they serve as a valuable model system to study aging in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases. In the Morris water maze, aged memory‐unimpaired (AU) rats navigate to remembered goal locations as effectively as young rats and demonstrate minimal alterations in physiological markers of synaptic plasticity, whereas aged memory‐impaired (AI) rats show impairments in both spatial navigation skills and cellular and molecular markers of plasticity. The present study investigates whether another cognitive domain is affected similarly to navigation in aged Long–Evans rats. We tested the ability of young, AU, and AI animals to recognize novel object‐place‐context (OPC) configurations and found that performance on the novel OPC recognition paradigm was significantly correlated with performance on the Morris water maze. In the first OPC test, young and AU rats, but not AI rats, successfully recognized and preferentially explored objects in novel OPC configurations. In a second test with new OPC configurations, all age groups showed similar OPC associative recognition memory. The results demonstrated similarities in the behavioral expression of associative, episodic‐like memory between young and AU rats and revealed age‐related, individual differences in functional decline in both navigation and episodic‐like memory abilities.