bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of preserving the international legal status of Lake Baikal in the light of the analysis of the practice of excluding objects from the World Heritage List (Part 2)
Authors: Kolobov Roman Yurievich , Ditsevich Yaroslava Borisovna , Ganeva Ekaterina Olegovna , Shornikov Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: August 2022

The article is a continuation of the presentation of the results of the study of the current state and consideration in retrospect of the existing cases of exclusion of UNESCO World Heritage sites from the World Heritage List. Focusing on the general problems of conservation of World Heritage sites, the authors extrapolate the findings to the situation in the field of conservation of the World Natural Heritage site Lake Baikal in order to develop proposals to improve the situation in the field of ensuring its protection. In particular, the problem of insufficient certainty and clarity in establishing the boundaries of World Heritage sites is noted, in order to solve which a proposal is made to consolidate the regime of World Natural heritage sites in the law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories", with the mandatory formation of a unified administration and approval of the boundaries of such a protected area by an act of the Russian Government, taking into account the requirements of the World Heritage Convention and Guidelines for the application of the Convention when they change. The problem of preserving the appearance of cultural heritage is also considered, since the issue of aesthetic perception of the lake and its immediate surroundings is considered important from the point of view of fulfilling obligations under the Convention on the Protection of World Heritage (taking into account the fact that Baikal is recognized as a World Heritage by all four criteria for assessing outstanding universal value). The lack of representation of protection of natural beauty at the national level is noted, since the current legislation does not contain tools for the protection of Baikal landscapes. Based on the results of the analysis of the world practice of excluding World Heritage sites from the List, the authors conclude that the extrapolation of the main reasons for such exclusionof Lake Baikal as a World Natural Heritage site necessitates the state to develop and make appropriate adjustments to the legislation on the protection of Lake Baikal and to the practice of its application, regardless of the relevant UNESCO events.
Theoretical research of two-dimensional germanether in sodium-ion battery
Authors: Chen Si-Yu , Ye Xiao-Juan , Liu Chun-Sheng ,   College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China,   College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: August 2022

Because sodium is more abundant in earth’s reserves and the lower cost to produce, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become the most popular energy storage system in research after lithium-ion batteries. However, the the lack of suitable anode materials is a major bottleneck for the commercialization of SIBs. Owing to their large specific surface area and high electron mobility, two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered as the promising anode materials. Some 2D materials have already demonstrated remarkable properties, such as 2D BP (1974 mAh·g–1) and BC7 (870.25 mAh·g–1). However, most of the predicted 2D materials are difficult to satisfy the various requirements for high-performance battery materials. Therefore, it is still necessary to find a new 2D material with excellent properties as electrode material. Recently, Ye et al. [Ye X J, Lan Z S, Liu C S 2021 J. Phys. condens. Mat. 33 315301] predicted a potential 2D material named germanether. The germanether exhibits high electron mobility, which is higher than that of phosphine and MoS2, indicating its great potential applications in Nano Electronics. Therefore, by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), the electrochemical properties of germanether as an anode material for SIBs are fully investigated. The computation results reveal that Na atoms can be adsorbed on germanether without clustering, and the adsorbed energy of Na-ion on the germanether is –1.32 eV. Then the charge redistribution of the whole system is also investigated through Mulliken charge population. In the adsorption process, Na atom transfers 0.71e to germanether. Even at low intercalated Na concentration, the Na adsorbed germanether system demonstrates metallic characteristics, showing good electronic conductivity. Two possible diffusion paths of material are calculated: one is along the armchair direction and the other is along the zigzag direction. The diffusion barrier along the zigzag direction is 0.73 eV for the most likely diffusion path, which is slightly higher than the diffusion barrier of MoS2, but still lower than many electrode materials used today. Meanwhile, germanether has a suitable specific energy capacity (167.1 mAh·g–1) and open circuit voltage (1.12 V). The volume change rate is only 10.8 %, which is lower than that of phosphorene and graphite. Based on the above results, germanether can serve as a potential anode material for SIBs.
Effect of plasma properties on magnetic bubbles
Authors: Peng Guo-Liang , Zhang Jun-Jie , Wang Zhong-Qi , Ren Ze-Ping , Xie Hai-Yan , Du Tai-Jiao ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China,   Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: August 2022

In this work, a three-dimensional hybrid simulation program is used to investigate the process of the explosion and expansion of a large number of thermal debris ions in a low density background plasma. By quantitatively calculating the variation of the magnetic bubble and the bubble constraint in the motion of the debris cloud, studied are the influences of the background plasma charge density, the background ion atomic weight, and the charge-mass ratio of the fragment ion on the magnetic bubble. The results show that the background charge density has an important effect on the motion of the bubble and debris cloud. In the early stage of the debris cloud expansion, the background ion atomic weight has little effect on the bubble expansion, but it affects the movement of debris cloud at a later time. When the charge-mass ratio of the debris ion is small, the radius of the ion gyration is larger than the bubble radius, and the bubble radius is small so that it cannot restrain the debris cloud. When the charge-mass ratio of the debris ion is large, the radius of the ion gyration is smaller than the bubble radius. If the background charge density is low in this condition, the early expansion of the bubble and the debris cloud are slightly affected by the charge-mass ratio of the fragment ions, and only the subsequent evolution of the system is influenced. If the background charge density is large in this condition, the charge-mass ratio of the fragment ion has a prominent influence on the motion of the bubble and the debris cloud.
Numerical study on predicting MHD stability of HL-2A tokamak pedestal structure
Authors: Sun Zi-Yuan , Wang Yuan-Zhen , Liu Yue ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
Published: August 2022

HL-2A tokamak achieved the first ELMy H-mode discharge operation in 2009 under divertor configuration, and many experimental and simulation researches have been carried out to investigate the pedestal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability. However, there are still few studies on the effect of pedestal structure on MHD stability. Therefore, based on HL-2A experimental parameters, equilibria with different pedestal structures are generated by using TOQ code, and the MHD stability of the equilibria is simulated by using the BOUT++ three-field module. The linear simulations show that reducing the pedestal height, increasing the pedestal width, reducing the pedestal current density and reducing the ion density in the pedestal can improve the MHD stability of pedestal. Using the theory of dispersion relation, the simulation results are explained. Under the premise of MHD stability, the maximum pedestal heights corresponding to different pedestal widths are found, and the data are fitted to obtain an empirical formula that can predict pedestal height, and on this basis, considering the kinetic ballooning mode theory, pedestal height and width are predicted simultaneously. The effect of the pedestal structure on the MHD mode structure is investigated, it is found that the pedestal height can affect the radial width of the mode. Nonlinear simulations show that the pre-growth of instability is affected mainly by a single dominant mode, and the growth of the dominant mode to a certain size will cause the collapse of the pedestal and the eruption of the edge localized mode (ELM). The variation of ELM size after ELM eruption is synchronized with the evolution of the dominant mode. Generally, equilibria with larger linear growth rates have larger ELM sizes and a wider range of pedestal collapse in nonlinear simulations. In this work, the scanning of the pedestal data focuses mainly on the width and height of the pedestal, and other parameters such as small radius, toroidal magnetic field, plasma current, and the pedestal safety factor values will be changed in the future based on the work in this paper, with the aim of enriching the HL-2A pedestal database and predicting the pedestal structure more accurately. Finally these results will be integrated under the HL-2A integrated platform, which in turn will provide a reference for HL-2A tokamak H-mode experiments and integrated simulations.
Generalized Pisano numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Soykan Yüksel , Okumuş İnci ,   Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Taşdemir Erkan ,   Pınarhisar Vocational School, Kırklareli University
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we define and investigate the generalized Pisano sequences and we deal with, in detail, two special cases, namely, Pisano and Pisano–Lucas sequences. We present Binet’s formulas, generating functions and Simson’s formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices associated with these sequences. Furthermore, we show that there are close relations between Pisano and Pisano–Lucas numbers and modified Oresme, Oresme–Lucas and Oresme numbers.
Nordenholt's Million
Authors: Connington J. J.
Published: August 2022

As a bacteria threatens to wipe out humankind, a plutocrat sets himself up as the benignant dictator of a survivalist colony.

In this novel originally published in 1923, as denitrifying bacteria inimical to plant growth spreads around the world, toppling civilizations and threatening to wipe out humankind, the British plutocrat Nordenholt sets himself up as the benignant dictator of a ruthlessly efficient, entirely undemocratic, survivalist colony established in Scotland's Clyde Valley. Discovering just how far their employer is willing to go in his effort to spare one million lives, Jack Flint, the colony's director of operations, and Elsa Huntingtower, Nordenholt's personal assistant, are forced to grapple with the question of whether a noble end justifies dastardly means.

Matthew Battles is the author of Library: An Unquiet History, Palimpsest, and Tree, as well as the story collection The Sovereignties of Invention. His writing on the cultural dimensions of science, technology, and the natural world have appeared in the Atlantic, the Boston Globe, and Orion. For Harvard''s metaLAB, he develops research into the dark abundance of collections, cultural and technology, and conditions of experience in the context of deep time.

Evan Hepler-Smith teaches the history of science and technology and environmental history at Duke University. He has a special interest in the history of chemicals and chemistry, information technology, and environmental regulation. His book in progress is entitled Compound Words: Chemical Information and the Molecular World. His writing has been published in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Time.com, and Public Books.
Full spectrum flow cytometry reveals mesenchymal heterogeneity in first trimester placentae and phenotypic convergence in culture, providing insight into the origins of placental mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Boss Anna Leabourn , Damani Tanvi , Wickman Tayla J , Chamley Larry W , James Joanna L , Brooks Anna ES
Published: August 2022

Single-cell technologies (RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry) are critical tools to reveal how cell heterogeneity impacts developmental pathways. The placenta is a fetal exchange organ, containing a heterogeneous mix of mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, perivascular, and progenitor cells). Placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSC) are also routinely isolated, for therapeutic and research purposes. However, our understanding of the diverse phenotypes of placental mesenchymal lineages, and their relationships remain unclear. We designed a 23-colour flow cytometry panel to assess mesenchymal heterogeneity in first-trimester human placentae. Four distinct mesenchymal subsets were identified; CD73+CD90+ mesenchymal cells, CD146+CD271+ perivascular cells, podoplanin+CD36+ stromal cells, and CD26+CD90+ myofibroblasts. CD73+CD90+ and podoplanin + CD36+ cells expressed markers consistent with cultured pMSCs, and were explored further. Despite their distinct ex-vivo phenotype, in culture CD73+CD90+ cells and podoplanin+CD36+ cells underwent phenotypic convergence, losing CD271 or CD36 expression respectively, and homogenously exhibiting a basic MSC phenotype (CD73+CD90+CD31-CD144-CD45-). However, some markers (CD26, CD146) were not impacted, or differentially impacted by culture in different populations. Comparisons of cultured phenotypes to pMSCs further suggested cultured pMSCs originate from podoplanin+CD36+ cells. This highlights the importance of detailed cell phenotyping to optimise therapeutic capacity, and ensure use of relevant cells in functional assays.
Multiple UBX proteins reduce the ubiquitin threshold of the mammalian p97-UFD1-NPL4 unfoldase
Authors: Fujisawa Ryo , Polo Rivera Cristian , Labib Karim PM
Published: August 2022

The p97/Cdc48 ATPase and its ubiquitin receptors Ufd1-Npl4 are essential to unfold ubiquitylated proteins in many areas of eukaryotic cell biology. In yeast, Cdc48-Ufd1-Npl4 is controlled by a quality control mechanism, whereby substrates must be conjugated to at least five ubiquitins. Here, we show that mammalian p97-UFD1-NPL4 is governed by a complex interplay between additional p97 cofactors and the number of conjugated ubiquitins. Using reconstituted assays for the disassembly of ubiquitylated CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) helicase by human p97-UFD1-NPL4, we show that the unfoldase has a high ubiquitin threshold for substrate unfolding, which can be reduced by the UBX proteins UBXN7, FAF1, or FAF2. Our data indicate that the UBX proteins function by binding to p97-UFD1-NPL4 and stabilising productive interactions between UFD1-NPL4 and K48-linked chains of at least five ubiquitins. Stimulation by UBXN7 is dependent upon known ubiquitin-binding motifs, whereas FAF1 and FAF2 use a previously uncharacterised coiled-coil domain to reduce the ubiquitin threshold of p97-UFD1-NPL4. We show that deleting the Ubnx7 and Faf1 genes impairs CMG disassembly during S-phase and mitosis and sensitises cells to reduced ubiquitin ligase activity. These findings indicate that multiple UBX proteins are important for the efficient unfolding of ubiquitylated proteins by p97-UFD1-NPL4 in mammalian cells.
Hematopoietic plasticity mapped in Drosophila and other insects
Authors: Hultmark Dan , Andó István
Published: August 2022

Hemocytes, similar to vertebrate blood cells, play important roles in insect development and immunity, but it is not well understood how they perform their tasks. New technology, in particular single-cell transcriptomic analysis in combination withDrosophilagenetics, may now change this picture. This review aims to make sense of recently published data, focusing onDrosophila melanogasterand comparing to data from other drosophilids, the malaria mosquito,Anopheles gambiae, and the silkworm,Bombyx mori. Basically, the new data support the presence of a few major classes of hemocytes: (1) a highly heterogenous and plastic class of professional phagocytes with many functions, called plasmatocytes inDrosophilaand granular cells in other insects. (2) A conserved class of cells that control melanin deposition around parasites and wounds, called crystal cells inD. melanogaster, and oenocytoids in other insects. (3) A new class of cells, the primocytes, so far only identified inD. melanogaster. They are related to cells of the so-called posterior signaling center of the larval hematopoietic organ, which controls the hematopoiesis of other hemocytes. (4) Different kinds of specialized cells, like the lamellocytes inD. melanogaster, for the encapsulation of parasites. These cells undergo rapid evolution, and the homology relationships between such cells in different insects are uncertain. Lists of genes expressed in the different hemocyte classes now provide a solid ground for further investigation of function.
COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in South Africa and epidemiological characteristics of three variants of concern (Beta, Delta, and Omicron)
Authors: Yang Wan , Shaman Jeffrey L
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) have been key drivers of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic waves. To better understand variant epidemiologic characteristics, here we apply a model-inference system to reconstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in South Africa, a country that has experienced three VOC pandemic waves (i.e. Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1) by February 2022. We estimate key epidemiologic quantities in each of the nine South African provinces during March 2020 to February 2022, while accounting for changing detection rates, infection seasonality, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and vaccination. Model validation shows that estimated underlying infection rates and key parameters (e.g. infection-detection rate and infection-fatality risk) are in line with independent epidemiological data and investigations. In addition, retrospective predictions capture pandemic trajectories beyond the model training period. These detailed, validated model-inference estimates thus enable quantification of both the immune erosion potential and transmissibility of three major SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, that is, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1. These findings help elucidate changing COVID-19 dynamics and inform future public health planning.
Collecting Slovenian School Lore Via E-Questionnaire: Analysis of the Collected Material and Revision of the Questionnaire
Authors:   Institute of Slovenian Ethnology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia, Babič Saša
Published: August 2022

Although folklorists recognise the active role of children in intangible heritage, collecting and analysing children’s lore and school lore has been a side issue in Slovenian folkloristics. Especially since the beginning of the new millennium, it seems that school lore has been put aside. In order to revive collecting of school lore, the Institute of Slovenian Ethology at the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU) organised riddle collecting in schools in 2015 and an e-collection during the 2018/2019 school year. The first collection was organised as part of interviews while the other collection was based on an e-questionnaire. This was sent to Slovenian elementary and high schools as well as to acquaintances in order to get as many responses as possible, i.e., using the snowball method. The article gives both an overview and a sketch of the results.
Children as Agents, Targets, and Intermediaries of Family Humour
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Fiadotava Anastasiya
Published: August 2022

The paper focuses on the humour produced by, aimed at, or referring to children in family communication. It seeks to establish which roles children play in family’s humorous communication, and how these roles reflect their agency in the interactions with parents. The research results show that much of family humour is generated by children either consciously or unconsciously. Many of children’s idiosyncratic words that provoke laughter when they are originally uttered can go on to form long-standing jokes in family folklore, sometimes losing some of their humorous flavour but still being cherished by adults as children grow up and stop using them. Plenty of family humour is also generated at children’s expense. This aspect of family humour highlights the different power dynamics between children and their parents, some of whom tend to playfully tease their children to a greater extent than they do each other. However, when parents do laugh at one another, children may be mentioned as a point of reference: being compared to a child often means being a target of family humour. Humorous family folklore does not only assign children the roles of subjects, objects or intermediaries of jokes. It is also used by parents didactically, helps families to bond and can both reinforce and challenge power dynamics in family interactions. Finally, by referring to children metaphorically in family jokes, adults maintain the generalized image of children that exists in popular imagination.
Folklore and Greek Hagiography: Some Preliminary Notes
Authors:   Department of Philology and Literary Criticism, University of Siena, Italy, Gollo Giulia
Published: August 2022

Based on personal experience and previous academic research, this article aims to lay the foundations for an interdisciplinary approach to Greek hagiography. It represents the first attempt to define the coordinates of the study of ancient hagiographical texts (lives of saints, collections of miracles, praises, etc.) through methodologies from folklore studies. By presenting a concrete example from a collection of miracles of healing dreams, I hope to show the potentialities of such an approach to scholars of my field, who are generally unaware and skeptical of it. At the same time, I would like to outline the richness of data that Greek hagiography has to offer to folklorists. To sum up, mutual exchange is expected (and needed) in the future.
Introduction: Earlier Experience of Collecting and Researching School Lore in Estonia and Slovenia
Authors:   Institute of Slovenian Ethnology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia, Babič Saša , Voolaid Piret
Published: August 2022

The current issue of the journal Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore was created as a collaboration between Estonian and Slovenian folklorists and ethnologists within the joint bilateral project, “Slovenian and Estonian Contemporary School Lore”. The main objective of the project was to analyse and compare the contemporary school lore, its collecting, use, and dynamics in two European countries with different geographical positions and characteristics, with a similar history, and no direct contact. The project focused on tradition and transformations of the folklore material, playfulness, and creativity in (new) formats, and on how they reflect the social reality that produces them. The project aimed to apply a new dynamic comparative approach from an intercultural as well as diachronic and synchronic point of view, which offers a unique and innovative perspective in folklore studies of Slovenia and Estonia.
Differential proteomic analysis of mouse cerebrums with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia
Authors: Chen Changming , Wen Meiling , Wang Caixia , Yuan Zhongwen , Jin Ya
Published: August 2022

Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood cholesterol and triglycerides and there is accumulated evidence that the disease might affect brain functions. Here we report on a proteomic analysis of the brain proteins in hyperlipidemic mice. Hyperlipidemia was successfully induced in mice by a 20 week high-fat diet (HFD) feeding (model group). A control group with a normal diet and a treatment group with HFD-fed mice treated with a lipid-lowering drug simvastatin (SIM) were established accordingly. The proteins were extracted from the left and right cerebrum hemispheres of the mice in the three groups and subjected to shotgun proteomic analysis. A total of 4,422 proteins were detected in at least half of the samples, among which 324 proteins showed significant difference (fold change >1.5 or <0.67, p < 0.05) in at least one of the four types of comparisons (left cerebrum hemispheres of the model group versus the control group, right cerebrums of model versus control, left cerebrums of SIM versus model, right cerebrums of SIM versus model). Biological process analysis revealed many of these proteins were enriched in the processes correlated with lipid metabolism, neurological disorders, synaptic events and nervous system development. For the first time, it has been reported that some of the proteins have been altered in the brain under the conditions of HFD feeding, obesity or hyperlipidemia. Further, 22 brain processes-related proteins showed different expression in the two cerebrum hemispheres, suggesting changes of the brain proteins caused by hyperlipidemia might also be asymmetric. We hope this work will provide useful information to understand the effects of HFD and hyperlipidemia on brain proteins.
Investigation of discriminatory attitude toward people living with HIV in the family context using socio-economic factors and information sources: A nationwide study in Indonesia
Authors: Nursalam Nursalam , Sukartini Tintin , Kuswanto Heri , Setyowati Setyowati , Mediarti Devi , Rosnani Rosnani , Pradipta Rifky Octavia , Ubudiyah Masunatul , Mafula Dluha , Klankhajhon Sirikanok , Arifin Hidayat
Published: August 2022

Background

The well-being of people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains a concern. In addition to facing discrimination in their communities, many PLHIV have family members who have a discriminatory attitude. This study analyzes the discriminatory attitude toward PLHIV in the family context using socio-economic factors and information sources in Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was adopted using secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS). A total sample of 28,879 respondents was selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The study variables are information sources, sex, age, education, residence, earnings, and familial discriminatory attitude. We used the STATA 16.1 software to analyze Chi-square and binary logistics with a 95% confident interval (CI) with a significance of 5% (p-value < 0.05).

Results

In Indonesia, familial discriminatory attitude has a prevalence of 72.10%. In the survey, the respondents with access to some information about HIV (AOR: 0.794; 95% CI [0.722–0.873]), women (AOR: 0.768; 95% CI [0.718–0.820]), and those living in rural areas (AOR: 0.880; 95% CI [0.834–0.929]) were the least likely to have a familial discriminatory attitude. Meanwhile, the respondents aged 15–24 years (AOR: 1.329; 95% CI [1.118–1.581]) and those with a secondary level of education (AOR: 1.070; 95% CI [1.004–1.142]) were the most likely to have a familial discriminatory attitude.

Conclusion.

In the study, we found that, the younger the age and the lower the educational level of the respondent, the more likely they were to have a familial discriminatory attitude. The government may consider these factors when designing policies to tackle familial discrimination faced by PLHIV; in particular, education on HIV and AIDS should be promoted.
Ropivacaine: A Review on the Pharmacological Features, Therapeutic Efficacy and Side-effects When used for Caudal Epidural Analgesia
Authors: Shankar Shilpa , Chakole Vivek
Published: August 2022

Inadequate post operative pain treatment can lead to clinical and psychological changes, as well as increased morbidity, mortality, and financial burden, all of which can influence quality of life. A review of the pharmacological characteristics, therapeutic efficacy in delivering postoperative analgesia, and side-effects of Ropivacaine is presented in this article. Motor blockade is an unwanted effect during the post operative period. The fear of side-effects and hemodynamic instability caused by the most of the analgesic drugs are the challenges faced in providing effective post operative analgesia in children. Ropivacaine has lesser cardiotoxic effects, lesser motor blockade and minimal side-effects as compared to bupivacaine. These properties make it a promising drug for pediatric caudal analgesia and forms a cost-effective method by decreasing the requirement of systemic analgesics, morbidity and improving the life quality postoperatively.
COMO SOBREVIVI A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: esboço de uma avaliação feminista
Authors: Vielmo Paula
Published: August 2022

Repetir que o ano de 2020 foi difícil não é excessivo. Foi um ano marcante para o início do século XXI, afinal foi a primeira pandemia deste século. O novo coronavirus: coronavírus 2 da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave provocou a doença Covid-19. Com ela, muitas pessoas ficaram dentro de casa como principal medida sanitária e provocou mudanças sociais e subjetivas ainda não precisamente identificadas. Neste ensaio, procuro retomar o ano e refletir criticamente sobre o período, reconhecendo a importância e limites do ponto de vista e de emoções diversas que permeiam este processo, por vezes embaraçando a análise. Ao responder a questão: quais os elementos que compõem a minha avaliação do ano de 2020 envolvendo a pandemia da Covid-19?, concluo que este ano não deve ser esquecido e precisa nos ensinar que a dor deve impulsionar a luta e as mudanças somente serão possíveis se além de resistência, formos capazes de sonhar e lutar por uma nova sociabilidade.
MIDIAS, CULTURAS JOVENS E VIOLÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA
Authors: Belloni Maria Luiza Araujo
Published: August 2022

Sub-título: Reflexões ao final do primeiro ano da peste.Reflexões sobre as mudanças e o aprofundamento da influência das mídias na socialização das novas gerações, no contexto peculiar de pandemia, tendo como temas (variáveis de conteúdo) orientadores: a primazia do simbólico nas sociedades altamente tecnificadas, o paradoxo entre a prevalência da ciência e da tecnologia e estruturas sociais e simbólicas arcaicas, a violência física, psicológica e simbólica contra mulheres e crianças. A importância da educação, especialmente a mídia-educação,  como forma de luta e meio de tranformação da sociedade.
23 de maio
Authors: Silva Ribeiro de Macedo Meg Saiara
Published: August 2022

Este poema está sendo submetido ao dossiê: "Nossas Vivências, Experiências, Transcendências e Traumas na Pandemia do Covid-19".
TRABALHO DE CUIDADO E MULHERES NA POLÍTICA PARLAMENTAR: UMA ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA DE GÊNERO SOBRE PROJETOS DE LEI DE LICENÇA-MATERNIDADE DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO BRASIL
Authors: Lemes Luana Borges
Published: August 2022

A perspectiva de gênero sobre políticas de cuidado propostas por parlamentares brasileiras aborda a garantia de direitos sociais, a partir da análise documental dos Projetos de Lei nº 2.765 e nº 3.418 apresentados em 2020, a fim de ampliar licenças maternidade e paternidade devido à pandemia do Covid-19. A categoria trabalho de cuidado orienta a análise dos projetos sob uma perspectiva feminista integrada às políticas públicas e à legislação brasileira. A metodologia de análise documental remete à análise crítica da História das Mulheres sobre narrativas do passado e relações de poder do meio social ao politizar o espaço privado e ampliar o debate público e democrático representativo. A maternidade fomenta debates de gênero na historiografia e nas políticas públicas sobre trabalho de cuidado e economia imprescindíveis ao desenvolvimento do país.
Contribuição para memória coletiva sobre a pandemia a partir do projeto e intervenção de Estágio Supervisionado III
Authors: Sobral Clara Mazzei , Araujo Francileide , Andrade Darlane
Published: August 2022

O presente relato de experiência versa sobre a realização do documentário “Oi, sumida” derivado da pesquisa ``Solteiras/os em Isolamento Social: Um Estudo Transnacional”, coordenada pela  Professora Dra. Darlane Andrade, ainda em andamento, que visa compreender como pessoas solteiras de diferentes países estão vivenciando o período de isolamento e distanciamento social em função da pandemia do COVID-19/Coronavirus, a partir de uma perspectiva feminista e de gênero. Este estudo tem caráter interdisciplinar e transnacional, envolvendo docentes da UFBA, UnB, da Universidade de Lodz, na Polônia, e Universidade do Distrito de Columbia, nos Estados Unidos, bem como discentes da UFBA, e busca visibilizar uma parcela da população que não está em destaque nos discursos sobre prevenção, cuidados da saúde e assistência, que focam em como se proteger e a sua família em situações de adoecimento por coronavírus. O documentário foi elaborado durante a pandemia da COVID-19 de maneira totalmente remota, através das mídias sociais e reuniões pelo Zoom Meeting. Sendo um grande desafio realizar durante toda essa conjuntura, que afetou emocionalmente e fisicamente em todos os processos de elaboração, mas acreditamos que mesmo passando por esse processo de desgoverno perante a crise sanitária, de adoecimento mental perante a crise e acompanhando número de mortes e escassez de vacina, o documentário ajudará na compreensão sobre esse período assombroso da história do Brasil, a partir de perspectivas de mulheres que passaram por esse período solteiras e em isolamento social.
Cutaneous Herpetiform Ulcerations as the Presenting Sign of an Acute Aortic Occlusion
Authors: Sacotte Ryan , Patel Ashaki , Wanat Karolyn A. , Young Kara , Roth Gretchen , Wilson Barbara
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a woman in her 40s with a 2-week history of abrupt painful ulcerations of the perineum.
Deimplementation of Low-Value Care in Surgery
Authors: Pitt Susan C. , Dossett Lesly A.
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the deimplementation of low-value care in surgery.
Survival Benefit of Living-Donor Liver Transplant
Authors: Jackson Whitney E. , Malamon John S. , Kaplan Bruce , Saben Jessica L. , Schold Jesse D. , Pomposelli James J. , Pomfret Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Despite the acceptance of living-donor liver transplant (LDLT) as a lifesaving procedure for end-stage liver disease, it remains underused in the United States. Quantification of lifetime survival benefit and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease incorporating sodium levels (MELD-Na) score range at which benefit outweighs risk in LDLT is necessary to demonstrate its safety and effectiveness.

Objective

To assess the survival benefit, life-years saved, and the MELD-Na score at which that survival benefit was obtained for individuals who received an LDLT compared with that for individuals who remained on the wait list.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study was a retrospective, secondary analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database of 119 275 US liver transplant candidates and recipients from January 1, 2012, to September 2, 2021. Liver transplant candidates aged 18 years or older who were assigned to the wait list (N = 116 455) or received LDLT (N = 2820) were included. Patients listed for retransplant or multiorgan transplant and those with prior kidney or liver transplants were excluded.

Exposures

Living-donor liver transplant vs remaining on the wait list.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome of this study was life-years saved from receiving an LDLT. Secondary outcomes included 1-year relative mortality and risk, time to equal risk, time to equal survival, and the MELD-Na score at which that survival benefit was obtained for individuals who received an LDLT compared with that for individuals who remained on the wait list. MELD-Na score ranges from 6 to 40 and is well correlated with short-term survival. Higher MELD-Na scores (>20) are associated with an increased risk of death.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the 119 275 study participants was 55.1 (11.2) years, 63% were male, 0.9% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 4.3% were Asian, 8.2% were Black or African American, 15.8% were Hispanic or Latino, 0.2% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 70.2% were White. Mortality risk and survival models confirmed a significant survival benefit for patients receiving an LDLT who had a MELD-Na score of 11 or higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.47-0.88]; P = .006). Living-donor liver transplant recipients gained an additional 13 to 17 life-years compared with patients who never received an LDLT.

Conclusions and Relevance

An LDLT is associated with a substantial survival benefit to patients with end-stage liver disease even at MELD-Na scores as low as 11. The findings of this study suggest that the life-years gained are comparable to or greater than those conferred by any other lifesaving procedure or by a deceased-donor liver transplant. This study’s findings challenge current perceptions regarding when LDLT survival benefit occurs.
Tieing together loose ends: telomere instability in cancer and aging
Authors: Borges Gustavo , Criqui Mélanie , Harrington Lea
Published: August 2022

Telomere maintenance is essential for maintaining genome integrity in both normal and cancer cells. Without functional telomeres, chromosomes lose their protective structure and undergo fusion and breakage events that drive further genome instability, including cell arrest or death. One means by which this loss can be overcome in stem cells and cancer cells is via re‐addition of G‐rich telomeric repeats by the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). During aging of somatic tissues, however, insufficient telomerase expression leads to a proliferative arrest called replicative senescence, which is triggered when telomeres reach a critically short threshold that induces a DNA damage response. Cancer cells express telomerase but do not entirely escape telomere instability as they often possess short telomeres; hence there is often selection for genetic alterations in the TERT promoter that result in increased telomerase expression. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the consequences of telomere instability in cancer and aging, and outline the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in exploiting the reliance of cells on telomere maintenance for preserving genome stability.
Abdominopelvic MR to CT registration using a synthetic CT intermediate
Authors: Heo Jin Uk , Zhou Feifei , Jones Robert , Zheng Jiamin , Song Xin , Qian Pengjiang , Baydoun Atallah , Traughber Melanie S. , Kuo Jung‐Wen , Helo Rose Al , Thompson Cheryl , Avril Norbert , DeVincent Daniel , Hunt Harold , Gupta Amit , Faraji Navid , Kharouta Michael Z. , Kardan Arash , Bitonte David , Langmack Christian B. , Nelson Aaron , Kruzer Alexandria , Yao Min , Dorth Jennifer , Nakayama John , Waggoner Steven E. , Biswas Tithi , Harris Eleanor , Sandstrom Susan , Traughber Bryan J. , Muzic Raymond F.
Published: August 2022

Accurate coregistration of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide clinically relevant and complementary information and can serve to facilitate multiple clinical tasks including surgical and radiation treatment planning, and generating a virtual Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/MR for the sites that do not have a PET/MR system available. Despite the long‐standing interest in multimodality co‐registration, a robust, routine clinical solution remains an unmet need. Part of the challenge may be the use of mutual information (MI) maximization and local phase difference (LPD) as similarity metrics, which have limited robustness, efficiency, and are difficult to optimize. Accordingly, we propose registering MR to CT by mapping the MR to a synthetic CT intermediate (sCT) and further using it in a sCT‐CT deformable image registration (DIR) that minimizes the sum of squared differences. The resultant deformation field of a sCT‐CT DIR is applied to the MRI to register it with the CT. Twenty‐five sets of abdominopelvic imaging data are used for evaluation. The proposed method is compared to standard MI‐ and LPD‐based methods, and the multimodality DIR provided by a state of the art, commercially available FDA‐cleared clinical software package. The results are compared using global similarity metrics, Modified Hausdorff Distance, and Dice Similarity Index on six structures. Further, four physicians visually assessed and scored registered images for their registration accuracy. As evident from both quantitative and qualitative evaluation, the proposed method achieved registration accuracy superior to LPD‐ and MI‐based methods and can refine the results of the commercial package DIR when using its results as a starting point. Supported by these, this manuscript concludes the proposed registration method is more robust, accurate, and efficient than the MI‐ and LPD‐based methods.
Robust optimization of VMAT for prostate cancer accounting for geometric uncertainty
Authors: Wada Takuya , Kawahara Daisuke , Murakami Yuji , Nakashima Takeo , Nagata Yasushi
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to propose optimal robust planning by comparing the robustness with setup error with the robustness of a conventional planning target volume (PTV)‐based plan and to compare the robust plan to the PTV‐based plan for the target and organ at risk (OAR). Data from 13 patients with intermediate‐to‐high‐risk localized prostate cancer who did not have T3b disease were analyzed. The dose distribution under multiple setup error scenarios was assessed using a conventional PTV‐based plan. The clinical target volume (CTV) and OAR dose in moving coordinates were used for the dose constraint with the robust plan. The hybrid robust plan added the dose constraint of the PTV‐rectum to the static coordinate system. When the isocenter was shifted by 10 mm in the superior–inferior direction and 8 mm in the right‐left and anterior directions, the doses to the CTV, bladder, and rectum of the PTV‐based plan, robust plan, and hybrid robust plan were compared. For the CTV D99% in the PTV‐based plan and hybrid robust plan, over 95% of the prescribed dose was secured in all directions, except in the inferior direction. There was no significant difference between the PTV‐based plan and the hybrid robust plan for rectum V70Gy, V60Gy, and V40Gy. This study proposed an optimization method for patients with prostate cancer. When the setup error occurred within the PTV margin, the dose robustness of the CTV for the hybrid robust plan was higher than that of the PTV‐based plan, while maintaining the equivalent OAR dose.
Construction of 3D Ordered Honeycomb Films with Controllable Pores as Efficient Catalytic Supports
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Jin Haibao , Yao Yuan , Lin Shaoliang
Published: August 2022

The facile construction of 3D porous film using the breath figure technique is critically important in diverse practical applications. However, the discovery of easy synthetic methods and preparation of stimuli‐responsive 3D ordered nano‐/micro‐architectures remain challenging. Herein, the promotive breath figure technique is presented to construct 3D honeycomb porous films on curved substrates using an azobenzene‐containing copolymer. The nanopore size of honeycomb structure decreases gradually with the increase of surface curvature, due to the different solvent drying speeds. Upon irradiation with directional linear polarization light, the round‐shaped nanopores are converted into rectangular‐ and rhombic‐shaped nanopores under different polarization directions. Moreover, these porous films are employed as substrates to load various metal nanoparticles, successfully preparing the nanocomposites. The catalytic capacity of both control and these nanocomposites are evaluated using the NaBH4‐mediated reduction reaction from 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol. Compared to the control and nonporous films, the porous films with smaller nanopores exhibit larger catalytic activity. Additionally, UV irradiation upon the nanocomposites promotes the catalytic action, due to the change in surface hydrophilicity caused by the photoisomerization of azobenzene. Recyclable use of nanocomposites demonstrates the high stability. This research provides an innovative strategy to prepare 3D curved porous films for potential on catalysis.
Manipulating Offense and Defense Signaling to Fight Cold Tumors with Carrier‐Free Nanoassembly of Fluorinated Prodrug and siRNA
Authors: Wu Pengkai , Zhang Haitian , Sun Meiling , Mao Shuai , He Qifeng , Shi Yuze , Deng Yexuan , Dong Zhongjun , Xu Qingxiang , Zhao Chen , Zhang Wenjie , Sun Beicheng
Published: August 2022

Chemoimmunotherapy has shown great potential to activate an immune response, but the immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with T cell exhaustion remains a challenge in cancer therapy. The proper immune‐modulatory strategy to provoke a robust immune response is to simultaneously regulate T‐cell exhaustion and infiltration. Here, a new kind of carrier‐free nanoparticle is developed to simultaneously deliver chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX), cytolytic peptide (melittin, MPI), and anti‐TOX small interfering RNA (thymocyte selection‐associated high mobility group box protein, TOX) using a fluorinated prodrug strategy. In this way, the enhanced immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by the combination of DOX and MPI can act as “offense” signaling to increase CD8+ T‐cell infiltration, while the decreased TOX expression interfered with siTOX can serve as “defense” signaling to mitigate CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion. As a result, the integration of DOX, MPI, and siTOX in such a bifunctional system produced a potent antitumor immune response in liver cancer and metastasis, making it a promising delivery platform and effective strategy for converting “cold” tumors into “hot” ones.
A Soft Magnetoelastic Generator for Wind‐Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhao Xun , Nashalian Ardo , Ock Il Woo , Popoli Steven , Xu Jing , Yin Junyi , Tat Trinny , Libanori Alberto , Chen Guorui , Zhou Yihao , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

The current energy crises and imminent danger of global warming severely limit the ability to scale societal development sustainably. As such, there is a pressing need for utilizing renewable, green energy sources, such as wind energy, which is ubiquitously available on Earth. In this work, a fundamentally new wind‐energy‐harvesting technology is reported, which is based on the giant magnetoelastic effect in a soft composite system, namely, magnetoelastic generators. Its working principle is based on wind‐induced mechanical deformation, which alters the magnetic field in a soft system converting the wind energy into electricity via electromagnetic induction from arbitrary directions. The wind‐energy‐harvesting system features a low internal impedance of 68 Ω, a high current density of 1.17 mA cm–2, and a power density of 0.82 mW cm–2 under ambient natural wind. The system is capable of sustainably driving small electronics and electrolytically splitting water. The system can generate hydrogen at a rate of 7.5 × 10–2 mL h–1 with a wind speed of 20 m s−1. Additionally, since magnetic fields can penetrate water molecules, the magnetoelastic generators are intrinsically waterproof and work stably in harsh environments. This work paves a new way for wind‐energy harvesting with compelling features, which can contribute largely to the hydrogen economy and the sustainability of human civilization.