bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IoT Based Sensor Network for Air Quality Monitoring in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Ngonadi I. V. , Ajiroghene S. , Orji O. M. , Oyewo M. O. , Oshasha R. I.
Published: August 2024

Emissions from the petroleum industry occur in every chain of the oil producing process from extraction to the consumption phase. During the extraction phase, various pollutants like methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methanol are released. These pollutants cause air pollution which can be harmful to humans, animals and plants. This paper develops an IoT based sensor network for air quality monitoring in the oil and gas industry which monitors the quality of air around the oil and gas facilities with a view to ensuring that the quality of air is within tolerable limit at all times. This was achieved by deploying the MQ2 and MQ8 sensors together with ESP32 processor. The MQ2 and MQ8 sensors monitor gases like LPG, carbon monoxide, smoke and hydrogen and send the data to the ESP32 processor. The processor massages the raw data and sends the result to the cloud via the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol to the losant dashboard for data analytics and visualization. A C++ program which was written in the Arduino text editor enables communication between the processor and the losant platform. When the sensors get an abnormal reading, they send messages to the control center and automatically shuts down the drilling pump until the situation is brought under control. The result of this research effort is an air quality monitoring system which deploys sensors to monitor the quality of air around the oil and gas facilities and ensures that the gases emitted around the oil and gas facility are controlled at all times.
A Machine Learning Approach to Determining the CO2 Adsorption Capacity of Coconut Shell-Derived Activated Carbon
Authors: Kevin D. A. , Aimikhe V. J. , Ikeokwu C. C.
Published: August 2024

Coconut shell-derived activated carbon is widely used for the adsorption of gaseous contaminants including CO2 capture applications due to its availability, low costs, high surface area and tunable porous structure. However, determining the adsorption capacity of activated carbons through experimentation is challenging due to time constraints and the required equipment and experimental costs. This study aimed to develop a machine-learning model correlating the pore size distribution, pore volume, surface area, temperature, and pressure of activated carbons to their CO2 adsorption capacity. The Cochran model was used to determine the minimum number of data samples required to perform an unbiased representative analysis. Consequently, over 100 published coconut shell–derived activated carbon samples were collected from the open literature. A decision tree and linear regression model were developed to relate the pore volumes, pore diameter in different size intervals, surface area, temperature, and pressure to the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity. The model achieved good predictive accuracy with the decision tree regressor mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.49 on the test set. This data-driven machine learning model can be useful for predicting CO2 capacities based on synthesized pore structures and can become a useful tool for determining first estimates of CO2 adsorption capacity of coconut shell-derived activated carbon. The approach demonstrated here can be extended to model the adsorption of other gases on microporous carbons and utilized for software applications.
Downhole Fluid Analysis and Sampling: Some Results and Learnings from Shallow Offshore Niger Delta
Authors: Lawal Kazeem A. , Ukaonu Cyril , Cliff-Ekubo Cathy , Sanyaolu Adeniyi , Pelemo Olatunbosun , Preye Indutimi , Otubanjo Modupe , Sunmonu Rasak , Owolabi Segun
Published: August 2024

Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) and sampling entails deploying special tools and sensors to measure some physical and chemical properties of reservoir fluids for quality control in-situ before extracting samples of same fluid downhole. In principle, samples preceded by DFA should yield more representative fluid properties for reservoir characterization and other applications than obtainable with surface sampling. Typically, DFA tools are either optical or nuclear. The latter employs nuclear sources and detectors, while the former utilizes light sources and detectors to measure the optical properties of reservoir fluids. Combined with proprietary algorithms, the optical properties are exploited to determine relevant fluid properties such as fluid type, density, gas-oil ratio (GOR), composition, and condensate-gas ratio (CGR). Towards improving confidence in DFA, this paper presents the results and learnings from deploying optical-type DFA services in some oil and gas reservoirs in the shallow-water area of the Niger Delta. We compare results from DFA against outcome of laboratory studies (gas chromatography and phase behaviour) conducted on same fluid samples. Deviations between DFA and laboratory measurements of fluid compositions and other properties are about 2 - 308%. For the fluid samples examined in this study, the largest deviations between DFA and laboratory measurements apply to composition (~308%) and GOR (~74%). Relevant learnings and improvement areas for future DFA applications include (i) proper pre-job planning amid subsurface uncertainties, (ii) rigorous quality-control of results plus post-job engagements, and (iii) robust integration of results with other independent sources such as petrophysical logs, static-pressure profiling, equation-of-state models, and analogues. Based on this study and learnings from other applications, major improvement areas for DFA include (i) reliable determination of fluid contamination downhole before initiating sample extraction, (ii) robustness of compositional analysis in terms of accuracy and range of components covered, as well as (iii) accuracy of GOR/CGR measurements. Body text 2 paragraphs.
A Critical Review of Commingled and Stacked Reservoir Performances and Impact on Reservoir Management in Nigeria
Authors: Nwonodi Chike , Obi Onyekonwu Michael , Atubokiki Ajienka Joseph , Chima Emelle , Amieibibama Joseph
Published: August 2024

In many of the world's prolific hydrocarbon basins, multiple reservoirs are encountered stacked one above the other. Often, these stacked reservoirs are laterally extensive, each requiring multiple individual wells due to materiality in volumes and pattern of compartmentalization for proper and timely reservoir development. In Nigeria, the government regulations and good petroleum practices prescribe that the production of conventional oil and gas from distinct reservoirs or pools must be well accounted for good resource management and optimal reservoir development. Indeed, the development of commingled reservoirs and challenges of interval allocation remain a critical development concern. While most of these developments, present huge opportunity for accelerated reservoir exploitation, little or no review of the field performance evaluation for these reservoirs under commingled production are handy.

To maximize the recovery of well penetrating through stacked reservoirs, most of the wells are usually with dual strings multi-zones selective completions. Commingling wells have historically provided an avenue to economically produce marginal reservoirs and production acceleration of multiple reservoirs through a single conduit when the conditions are deemed acceptable for reservoir management and volume recovery. These decisions are generally made with limited understanding of future well and reservoir performance. One of most famous challenges is trying to prevent early water or gas breakthrough. Another known challenge is failure of Interval Control Valves (ICV) or the intelligent completion systems, before the lifecycle of the reservoir, leading to early abandonment or production losses. More challenges like cross flow or pressure impact between zones, non-uniform flow from production zones and sand control issues are well-known challenges and these challenges individually present severe impact to the development objective. Of these development, equipment reliability issues and failures have been the key challenge to the lifecycle development of commingled smart wells. This performance review indicates a probability of survival after 5 years more than 96%. The extrapolated expected probability of survival after 10 years is more than 85%.

This paper presents an in-depth review of actual well performances of commingled reservoir production in Nigeria. The paper also details the technical considerations required to reduce smart well completion failures and their impact on the reservoir management integrity and development objective. A guidance on the recovery factor benchmarks for productivity of intelligently completed wells, screening workflow and reservoir management strategies are presented. Finally, the paper highlights key performance and productivity indicators for smart well screening and selection for optimal reservoir management.
Reduction of Carbon Emissions via Production of Blue Hydrogen and Sustainable Fertilizer
Authors: Okoh C. I. , Maduabuchi G. I. , Ebere E. N.
Published: August 2024

The escalating threat of climate change necessitates innovative solutions to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper addresses the challenge by proposing a groundbreaking integrated system that combines Blue Hydrogen production through Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and the sustainable generation of fertilizer using Chlorella Algae. The synergistic approach not only reduces carbon emissions but also fosters sustainable agriculture.

The study meticulously details the methodologies employed for Blue Hydrogen production and Chlorella Algae cultivation. It explicates the chosen SMR technologies, the intricacies of Chlorella Algae cultivation, and the orchestrated synergy between the two processes, emphasizing the utilization of waste heat and CO2 from SMR for algae cultivation.

The findings from this study encompasses technical feasibility, economic viability, and scalability aspects of the integrated system. The results reveal the potential for significant greenhouse gas emission reduction, validated through life cycle assessments and comparisons with conventional methods.

This research projects a promising pathway for sustainable energy and agriculture and fosters sustainable practice on a global scale.
Optimization Strategy for Producing a Low Permeability Non-Associated Gas Reservoir
Authors: Nwankwo Kenechukwu , Adeyinka Adeboye , Jaja Adagogo , Olayomi Joe , Udeh Uchenna , Ajao Oyekunle , Idowu Hamed
Published: August 2024

Planning a well to drain low permeability non associated gas reservoirs is challenging especially when, production from existing wells from other reservoirs has started declining and the need to sustain gas volume contract requirement becomes imperative. The fundamental expectation is to demonstrate that product volumes add up to an acceptable stipulated economic standard to approve or endorse project execution. Commitment to Flow Assurance management (surface and subsurface) is also paramount while optimizing all other objective functions. This paper reviews the optimization strategy of a non-associated gas reservoir taking into consideration the dynamics of operational needs and then carrying out the value chain optimization of products to provide a profitable solution.

An Inflow Performance Relation (IPR) modelled from a Drill stem Test (DST) data was used to estimate productivity from an Experimental Design (ED) methodology involving varied reservoir thickness, reservoir permeability and Gas Initially In Place volumes. Vertical lift performance was designed to ensure that the overall well flow honored darcy flow of analogue gas reservoirs that are currently producing in experimented data space. An Integrated Production model was developed out of reservoir model, well model and surface flow model to mimic productivity in real time conditions and serve as the basis for reserves forecasting, project life and product volume forecasting. Additionally, the model enables investigation of surface and subsurface Flow Assurance.

Results from the forecasts were used to update reserves, optimize wells’ drilling plan, improve expected products volume records, and adequately plan the flow assurance of the wells. One well per reservoir, adjudged from economics as being optimal, was planned on three reservoirs and the economics indicator (Discounted Profitability Index – DPI) for the individual projects were (5.0, 2.9 and 1.7) uniquely proven worthwhile for any standard investment. A total gain of about 80 MMSCFD and 4,100 BPD of condensate was achieved proving up about 250 BCF of gas with associated condensate reserves of 7 MMSTB.
Strategic Reservoir Management for Sustainable Tight Gas Extraction: Navigating Future Prospects and Challenges in Exploration
Authors: Igwe Justus Uzoma
Published: August 2024

The growing global energy demand has brought unconventional resources into focus, with tight gas sandstones holding significant importance and promise. Tight gas sandstones are characterized by low permeability but contain substantial amounts of natural gas. Efficient gas production from these reservoirs necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their geological and physical properties, including sedimentary facies, depositional setting, diagenesis, flow units, porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, capillary pressure, and pore size distribution. This paper provides an overview of tight gas sandstone reservoirs, their distribution, and their global significance. The main challenges in tight gas extraction include environmental concerns, regulatory frameworks, water usage, reservoir characteristics, and economics. To overcome these challenges, cutting-edge production and retrieval approaches are employed, including horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and advanced wellbore imaging. Additionally, artificial intelligence is increasingly applied in reservoir characterization to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of reservoir modeling and evaluation. This research explores the application of different AI techniques in characterizing tight gas reservoirs, aiming to minimize uncertainty in estimating rock properties and identifying pay zones within gas fields. The strategic management of tight gas reservoirs is crucial for sustainable development, and this paper highlights the technological advancements and sustainable practices that have significantly improved extraction efficiency, emphasizing the role of reservoirs in enhancing energy security and generating economic gains.
The Role of Natural Gas in Energy Transition in Nigeria
Authors: Oruwari H. , Salihu A. , Obunwa Q.
Published: August 2024

Nigeria is endowed with abundant natural gas; Nigeria’s proven gas reserve is placed at 209.5 trillion cubic feet. The natural gas sector holds significant potential. Natural gas is a strategic asset and a transition fuel that will foster sustainable development in Nigeria. The study investigated the role of natural gas in the energy transition in Nigeria. Despite abundant natural gas reserves in Nigeria, the role of natural gas in the country's energy transition has been minimal. The main problems with the efficient utilization of natural gas in the energy transition in Nigeria are inadequate funding and limited domestic gas penetration. Using a literature review and case studies of natural gas projects to illustrate how natural gas can contribute to sustainable development. The study findings revealed that while natural gas can play a vital role in addressing emission impacts, helping to decarbonizes the energy industry, and mitigating climate change, the key challenges to a low-carbon gas future in Nigeria are inadequate infrastructure, gas flaring, inadequate funding, and limited gas penetration for domestic use. The study concluded and recommended that the government should provide an enabling environment that will boost investors confidence, such as adequate security, the right legal and regulatory framework, the development of the gas market in the supply chain, and strengthening other gas development structures.
Contrasting Two Methods Along the Spectrum of Geologic Concept vs Seismic-Driven Approaches to Reservoir Modeling: Case Study from a Deepwater Field, Offshore Nigeria
Authors: Anene C. C. , Nwachukwu D. U. , Oshuntuyi T. O. , Adebowale B. T. , Ndianefo U. K. , Adegbaju A. S. , Onyido C. P. , Dada R. D. , Olopade B. A. , Orupabo B. A.
Published: August 2024

The approach taken to integrate static data in reservoir modeling, varies along a spectrum from purely concept driven on one end to data driven on the other. Different methods can be adopted along this spectrum with varying levels of data integration and control. The method adopted usually depends on several factors including time available for the study, quality of data available etc. In this study, we contrast two methods along this spectrum to show the pros and cons of both.

The study uses data from a mature field in deep-water Nigeria with over 16 years of production from 11 oil producers and eight water injectors. Declining field production and a depleting opportunity inventory necessitated a comprehensive study of the field and building of integrated reservoir models. The results from the field study will be the basis for drill-well and workover opportunity generation/maturation, water injection optimization and other value-added field depletion optimization strategies.

A dual pronged approach was adopted for the reservoir modeling: A concept-driven approach involving representation of key reservoir architectural elements using object-based modeling (OBM) and use of qualitative seismic-conditioning to distribute key reservoir properties such as Net-To-Gross ratio, porosity etc.A seismic data-driven approach involving direct sampling of seismic inversion-derived properties into the model grids.

Two distinct reservoir models were built and taken through model initialization, history-matching, and flow simulation. The history-matched model scenarios will be instrumental in generating production forecasts for field management and for infill well opportunity generation/maturation.

This dual pronged approach enabled comparison of both modeling methods in terms of quality of match to existing static and dynamic data, reservoir characterization cycle time and achievement of field study objectives. The key learnings from the application of these two methods in a mature field and considerations for their application in other mature and green fields are the focus of this paper.
Reservoir Heterogeneity and Boundary Delineation Using Numerical Well test Analysis and Multi-Seismic Attributes in Complex Channel Environment
Authors: Thompson Sonny , Meshioye Oluwafisayo , Benard Ebere , Amsata-Awani Tolulope , Ipoola Fisayo
Published: August 2024

The effective management of hydrocarbon reservoirs in complex channel environments demands a comprehensive understanding of reservoir heterogeneity and accurate delineation of reservoir boundaries. This study presents an integrated approach combining numerical well test analysis and multi-seismic attribute analysis to enhance reservoir characterization in intricate channel settings of a reservoir in the Niger-Delta region. The investigation focuses on unraveling the complexities associated with fluid flow dynamics, heterogeneity, and the identification of reservoir boundaries, crucial for optimizing hydrocarbon recovery. Numerical well test simulations are employed to model the dynamic behavior of the reservoir, providing insights into fluid mobility, connectivity, and distribution within the channel system. Integrating numerical well test interpretation techniques enables a comprehensive comprehension of reservoir boundaries, facilitating the identification and characterization of heterogeneities that influence reservoir performance. In conjunction with numerical well test analysis, multi-seismic attribute analysis was conducted to extract detailed information about the reservoir architecture. Utilizing a suite of seismic attributes, such as spectral decomposition and elastic rock properties, enables the delineation of complex channel geometries and the identification of potential barriers. The synergistic integration of numerical well test analysis and multi-seismic attributes provides a holistic perspective on reservoir heterogeneity and facilitates accurate boundary delineation. This approach enhances reservoir modeling precision, aids in optimizing production strategies, and mitigates uncertainties associated with reservoir management decisions. The findings of this study contribute to advancing reservoir characterization methodologies, particularly in challenging channel environments, ultimately improving the efficiency and sustainability of hydrocarbon recovery operations.
Advancements in Subsea Technologies for Deepwater Exploration for Optimum and Efficient Production; a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ikpe E. J.
Published: August 2024

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons from deepwater reserves have become essential for meeting the world's energy needs as energy demand continues to rise. However, the deepwater domain presents unique challenges, ranging from extreme environmental conditions to complex reservoir characteristics.This paper aims to give a comprehensive overview and analysis of deepwater development and operations. Evaluating the most recent developments in subsea technology, their implications for deepwater exploration, and the potential for improved efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. Main objectives are to examine technological advancements, address operational challenges, and put forth innovative ideas that can guide the sector toward efficient and sustainable practices.A comprehensive review of existing literature forms the foundation of this study. Academic journals, industry reports, and case studies were scrutinized to identify key trends and advancements in subsea technologies. The findings reveal significant advancements in subsea sensors, enabling real-time monitoring of deepwater environments, the evolution of sensor technologies, renewable energy integrations, and their applications in optimizing exploration processes.Insights from this study will enable practicing engineers to take a more informed and deliberate approach when working on deepwater projects. This study aims to offer fresh perspectives on deepwater development by integrating the most recent advancements, challenges, and possible paths. The findings give practicing engineers better understanding of modern technology, operational strategies, and emerging trends, which will ultimately aid in the successful completion of the deepwater project.
Petroleum Industry Value Chain Optimization: the Inevitability of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science in Midstream and Downstream Development
Authors: Favour Daniel Adah
Published: August 2024

Implementing artificial Intelligence (AI) and data science holds significant potential for optimizing Midstream and Downstream operations in the petroleum industry, fostering margin enhancement opportunities and overall value chain optimization. This involves streamlining processes such as production, logistics, pipeline monitoring, refinery operations, plant safety, and environmental impact reduction. Artificial intelligence involves developing intelligent systems that operate autonomously, learn from experiences, and improve performance with increasing knowledge. On the other hand, data science focuses on extracting, cleaning, and analyzing data to drive valuable insights. In the midstream stage, which pertains to crude or refined petroleum transportation, digital twin technology plays a crucial role, offering applications like pipeline monitoring and logistics optimization. Downstream is the refinery, processing and purifying of crude oil and natural gas. Companies like Shell and Chevron leverage in real-time data from sensors, cameras, and drones to create dynamic representations of operations and equipment for real-time monitoring and analysis.

However, maintaining accurate and up-to-date digital twin models poses challenges. This is where AI techniques like optimization (model creation and updating), generative modelling, data analytics, predictive analytics, and decision-making come to play. For instance, according to Abn resource, Shell Lubricants introduced the AI-powered Chatbot tool, Shell LubeChat, in 2018, enhancing customer service for business-to-business lubricant clients and optimizing profits.

Cognite Data Fusion, a data solution, codifies industrial knowledge into software for seamless integration with existing ecosystems, facilitating scalability from proofs of concepts to operation-driven scenarios. Maintenance systems often struggle to intelligently schedule tasks without contextualized data from various sources provided by Cognite Data Fusion.

Artificial intelligence and Data science solutions are instrumental in helping midstream and downstream operators achieve optimal performance, contributing to both profitability and sustainability.
The impact of work environment conditions on missed nursing care in selected hospitals of Abadan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Elhami Saeideh , naeimi samaneh , hatefimoadab nasim , Tamimi Ali
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Missed nursing care is emerging as a notable index of patient safety and satisfaction. Nurses will forget or omit some care for a variety of reasons. This study investigates the relationship between specific factors of the nursing environment and missed nursing care.
Methods:
The current research is a descriptive-cross-sectional type, which was carried out with the participation of 373 nurses. The research tool includes 3 parts: Individual information, PEW-NWI(Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index), and missed nursing care questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software.
Results:
In the examination of the missed nursing care items, the most malpractice was in the re-evaluation item, oral care, and helping the patient toilet, and also the least malpractice was in the meal preparation item, which is significantly related to things such as Finance status, work shift, level of interest, satisfaction with the work environment, income, and gender. Also, all scales of working environment conditions are significantly related to the magnitude of missed nursing care.
Conclusion:
Missed nursing care is related to various aspects of working environment conditions, such as the ability to manage and lead nurses and their participation in management affairs, the sufficiency of resources and personnel, and the existence of sufficient infrastructure to improve the quality of care and the relationship between doctor and nurse as a therapeutic team. By improving them, cases of malpractice in care can be reduced.
WITHDRAWN: FXR-regulated COX6A2 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shao Lianqi , Kong Xiangchen , Lv Simian , Shu Xing-sheng , Ai Xiaojiao , Yan Dan , Ma Xiaosong , Ying Ying
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 (COX6A2) and Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) have been identified in pancreatic β-cells, however, whether they are involved in β-cell apoptosis is unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the role of FXR-regulated COX6A2 in diabetic β-cell apoptosis. We found that COX6A2 expression was increased in islets from diabetic animals, whereas FXR expression was suppressed. Notably, overexpression of COX6A2 facilitated β-cell apoptosis, whereas its deficiency attenuated this process and ameliorates type 2 diabetes, suggesting a pro-apoptotic role of COX6A2 in β-cells. Mechanistically, increased COX6A2 interacted with and enhanced the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), thereby promoting the mitochondrial translocation of Bax, leading to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and ultimately causing β-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FXR negatively regulated COX6A2 expression through the inhibition of histone acetyltransferase p300 occupancy, diminishing histone H3 acetylation at lysine 27 on the Cox6a2 promoter. Furthermore, the deficiency of FXR intensified β-cell apoptosis under diabetic situations. Thus, it is probable that in diabetogenic environments, reduced FXR expression contributes to enhanced COX6A2 expression, culminating in β-cell apoptosis. These findings emphasize the essential involvement of the FXR/p300 pathway-controlled COX6A2 in β-cell apoptosis, revealing a previously undiscovered mechanism underlying diabetic β-cell apoptosis.
Tittle: Quantification of Historical and Future Loss of Different Landuse/ Landcover in Response to Erosion-Accretion: A DSAS-Based Approach for Future Predictions along the Purba Medinipur Coast, West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Milan , Sahu Abhay Sankar
Published: August 2024

From the historic past the Purba Medinipur coastal region undergoes constant transformation due to its morpho-dynamic attributes and impact of human interventions. Predicting the loss of landuse/landcover along the Purba Medinipur coast is crucial for environmental conservation and sustainable development through safeguarding both humans and natural ecosystems of the region. The current study quantified the historical and future loss of different landuse/ landcover types in response to erosion-accretion along the Purba Medinipur coast. using digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS). Temporal multispectral data of TM, ETM + and OLI sensors of the years of 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021 have been used here. Threshold method (NIR band) and remotely sensed indices (NDVI and NDWI) have been adopted to extract shoreline. Linear regarrison rate (LRR), Net shoreline movement (NSM) and End point rate (EPR) have been calculated to estimate the change rate. Finally, shoreline of the year of 2031 and 2041 have been predicted using beta shoreline forecast tool in ArcGIS. Predicted erosion is estimated to be 337.12 hectares in 2031 and 663.91 hectares in 2041. The study reveals that Digha, Mandarmoni and Bankiput areas are most susceptible to erosion. Subsequently, the agricultural land experienced the highest degree of loss (33.07%) followed by wetland (22.13%), vegetation (15.73%) and builtup area (9.97%). The study forecasts the highest loss in agricultural (33.80%) and barren land (31.76%) due to coastal erosion. Validation of the model has been done using RMSE (27.259 metre) and Kappa co-efficient (94.03%) which ensured that the predicted result is accurate and reliable.
1.8 Å resolution structure of the cyanobacterial Photosystem I assembly intermediate lacking cytoplasmic subunits
Authors: Naschberger Andreas , Charras Quentin , Komenda Josef , Gupta Sadanand , Tichý Martin , Al‐Amoudi Ashraf , Lukeš Martin , Koník Peter , Sobotka Roman , Novák Petr , Zákopčaník Marek
Published: August 2024

Despite the detailed knowledge of photosystem I structure, the biogenesis of this energy-converting complex remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a 1.83 Å resolution model of a cyanobacterial PSI assembly intermediate isolated from a PsaC-less mutant. Our structure revealed the association of all small membrane subunits with the central PsaA/PsaB heterodimer except PsaL, which was missing together with PsaD and PsaE. The intermediate contained nearly all pigments and cofactors as the mature complex including the iron-sulfur cluster at the FX site, which was found incomplete; possibly due to conformational changes of PsaB. The data contravene previous assembly models initiated by the formation of PsaA/PsaB heterodimer and ending by incorporation of small membrane subunits. They rather support a parallel assembly of PsaA, PsaB, and PsaC, which is essential for the correct FX formation, while stable binding of small membrane subunits to the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer is mostly independent of the cytoplasmic subunits.
The safety and efficacy of stapler method for transection of the pancreatic parenchyma during pancreatoduodenectomy (STRAP-PD trial): study protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Kitahata Yuji , Shimizu Atsushi , Takeuchi Akihiro , Motobayashi Hideki , Yoshimura Tomohiro , Sato Masatoshi , Matsumoto Kyohei , Hayami Shinya , Miyamoto Atsushi , Kawai Manabu
Published: August 2024

Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a highly difficult and invasive type of gastrointestinal surgery. Prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula is important, and this may be possible by the stapler method.Methods STRAP-PD is a single center randomized controlled trial. We compare a method of transecting the pancreatic parenchyma in pancreaticoduodenectomy using a surgical stapler device with a conventional transecting method using energy devices (e.g., scalpel, ultrasonic coagulator and incision devices). Patients with soft pancreas who are scheduled to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy are randomized to arm A (conventional method) or arm B (stapler method). We aim to examine the safety and usefulness of dissection by the automatic suture device, with attention to the rate of pancreatic fistula ISGPF grade B or C and to postoperative complications. This is a single-center randomized study, which began in September 2023 at Wakayama Medical University Hospital.Discussion Pancreatic parenchymal transection is typically performed either by direct incision using a scalpel or by employing energy devices such as ultrasonic coagulating cutting devices during pancreaticoduodenectomy. In a prospective pilot study, we conducted pancreatic parenchymal transection in 20 consecutive normal pancreatic cases during pancreaticoduodenectomy, observing postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B in one case (5%). Traditional methods involving scalpel incision or the use of ultrasonic coagulating cutting devices have been historically favored but perceived as technically challenging, and they have been reliant upon the surgeon's skill. Notably, relatively high incidences of postoperative pancreatic fistula among patients with soft pancreas have also been observed. Our proposed stapler method may therefore be a useful method responsible for reducing the development of pancreatic fistula. This method would be as part of minimally-invasive surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy. It uses an endoscopic linear stapler to cut the pancreatic parenchyma, so it is likely to be more convenient than conventional methods and can be used universally.Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000052089. the Registration Date on 1st September 2023.
ECAD Study: Evaluating agreement degree among paediatricians in hip dysplasia assessment by Graf ultrasound method
Authors: Aguilar Isabel Miras , Marrón Laura Fidalgo , Gómez María Pangua , Olteani Filip Camil Olteanu , Herrera Cristina Gilarte , Ramos Pilar Sevilla , Martínez Gonzalo Mateo , Martín Laura Montes , Matamala Alfonso Ortigado
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common musculoskeletal anomaly of childhood. This study analyses paediatrician’s concordance performing hip ultrasound according to Graf's method.
Materials and methods
an analytical cross-sectional study is designed. Patients’ hips are evaluated by Graf´s ultrasound method at 4–6 and 12–16 weeks of age. Demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, factors related to DDH, hip type, and α and β angles are collected. To assess agreement degree of hip diagnosis and hip types Kappa index (I. kappa) is used. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) evaluates concordance of α and β angles. A p value < 0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. All results are represented with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
Results
467 neonates are recruited and meet inclusion criteria. 3182 images were analysed. Agreement between paediatricians according to hip diagnosis and different types ranges from moderate to almost perfect I. kappa 0.6–1.0 (95%CI 0.5–0.7; 95%CI 1.0–1.0). α angle ICC for paediatricians is between 0.75–0.88 (95%CI 0.61–0.86; 95%CI 0.80–0.92). β angle value agreement degree among paediatricians at both visits is moderate.
Discussion
Graf method is the most popular ultrasound technique for hip assessment. In our setting, paediatricians carry out children follow-up, therefore, they should perform universal screening. In this study agreement degree between paediatricians varies between substantial and almost perfect. As conclusion, Graf ultrasound procedure performed by paediatricians is a reliable test and can be used for DDH screening.
A Geography of indoors for analyzing global ways of living using computer vision
Authors: Mazzarello Martina , Klimenka Mikita , Sanatani Rohit , Eshtiyagh Javad , Yao Yanhua , Santi Paolo , Duarte Fabio , Florida Richard , Ratti Carlo
Published: August 2024

Globalization is often seen as having a homogenizing effect, reducing pronounced local cultural differences. The kinds of housing people live in are one of the most pronounced expressions of local culture. Our research utilizes a unique dataset of more than 640,000 Airbnb images and employs a visual AI framework to exam- ine the differences and similarities in people’s living spaces across 80 cities. We show that geographic proximity and socio-economic connectivity—measured by air traffic data—are significantly correlated with the visual features of indoor spaces (R = 0.19 to 0.32), with cities closer to each other or having high pas- senger traffic between them also exhibiting high visual similarity. Our results challenge the prevailing notion that cultural homogenization may be overdrawn. Despite the homogenizing influence of globalization, distinctive local styles per- sist in domestic living arrangements. This research highlights the resilience of local identities and cultural distinctions in the face of global pressures.
Climate Change Integration and Budgeting in National and Subnational Policies in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Ampaire Edidah Lubega , Mwongera Caroline , Marois Isabelle Le , Kinuya Ivy
Published: August 2024

Climate change integration and budgeting are essential components of policies, programs, and strategies for addressing climate change. Integrating adaptation and mitigation measures into policies and strategies ensures a more holistic response to climate change, considering both short-term and long-term goals and leading to greater synergies, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Climate policy integration refers to incorporating climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives into all policy sectors, including non-environmental sectors, at all stages of policy-making. This study aims to assess climate change integration in national and subnational policies in Tanzania and Uganda and evaluate the degree of climate finance integration into government budget cycles. We conducted a content analysis of 157 policy documents in Tanzania and Uganda to evaluate climate change integration across governance levels. The selected documents focused on agriculture, natural resources, including land, water, and forestry, and climate change development and action plans. The assessment of climate change integration utilized two frameworks: Gumucio and Tafur-Rueda (2015) and Mickwitz et al. (2009), to analyze the degree of integration based on varying but complementary variables. We adjusted both frameworks to assess the extent to which existing policies integrate climate change concerns. The analysis results indicate that although Tanzania and Uganda have made progress in integrating climate change concerns into national and subnational policies, more work remains, including developing effective climate budgeting.
Regarding climate budgeting integration, we found a lack of clarity and coherence in integrating climate budgeting into government budget cycles in both countries. Climate budgeting varies inconsistently across administrative levels, with intermittent budget allocations. The alignment between national and subnational climate change policies, budget allocation, and execution also varies. Based on these findings, we recommend further research on effective approaches for developing and implementing transparent, accountable, and effective climate budgeting.
Intensive 2-days Training on Perfused Human Placenta for Microvascular Anastomoses
Authors: Colombo Elisa , Wolf Fabian , Helg Fiona , Höbner Lara Maria , Watson Jennifer Ashley , Sebök Martina , Haslinger Christian , Doormaal Tristan van , Regli Luca , Esposito Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose: We report on an intensive two-day training program on microanastomoses performed on perfused human placenta models. A specific scoring system was elaborated to evaluate the participants’ microsurgical skills and report the participants’ results.
Materials and Methods: Trainees who attended the Zurich Microsurgery Courses in 2023 were included in the study. Before performing the microanastomoses, each participant received a visual didactic training. Training was made on perfused human placenta models. To perform the microvascular anastomoses, vessels of different diameters were chosen, and 9-0 and 10-0 microsutures were used. The course was structured in two days. On day one, participants practiced microvascular dissection, microsuturing and end-to-end anastomoses, while the second day was dedicated to end-to-side and to repeat the most useful microanastomosis depending on the specialty. A score system for the evaluation of a successful microanastomosis was developed and applied to assess the participants’ anastomoses. User satisfaction was measured by means of a survey-based questionnaire.
Results: Fifty-two participants from different institutions, specializations and levels of experience were included. A significant improvement in the overall microsurgical skills of the included cohort was documented (p < 0.005). The initial average score per anastomosis of 3.56 points (SD 0.71) increased to an average of 3.8 points (SD 0.87) at the end of the course. The steepest learning curve was observed in the placement of knots (Δ 0.48 points, p = 0.003) and microvascular dissection (Δ 0.44 points, p = 0.002). Most participants rated the fidelity and importance of the placental microsuturing course as extremely high.
Conclusion: The two-day training program is efficient to teach microvascular dissection and microanastomosis techniques. A significant improvement of participants’ microsurgical skills was reported. The human placenta model proved to be a high-fidelity simulator with great user satisfaction.
Ethical concerns in the provision of in vitro fertilization treatment in Ghana: A qualitative study.
Authors: Appiah David , Ganle John K
Published: August 2024

Background
Infertility presents both medical and public health challenges, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) emerging as a prominent solution, particularly when other alternatives are exhausted. However, IVF treatment raises significant ethical questions that have been under explored in the Ghanaian context. This study aimed to explore ethical concerns regarding the provision of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in Ghana.
Methods
A phenomenological descriptive qualitative design was employed. Purposive sampling techniques were used to recruit 12 participants from three in vitro fertilization (IVF) centres. In-depth face-to-face interviews guided by an open-ended interview guide were conducted. Thematic analysis of the interviews was performed to identify major themes.
Results
Providing IVF in Ghana raises several ethical issues, including inequitable access due to high costs and limited availability, which favour wealthier individuals and leave marginalized populations with fewer options. There are significant ethical considerations in balancing the potential benefits of successful IVF outcomes against the health risks and emotional tolls on patients. Decisions about the fate of surplus embryos present moral dilemmas, including whether to preserve, donate, or discard them. Differing personal beliefs about the moral status of the embryo further complicate the ethical landscape. Ensuring informed consent is challenging due to the complex medical, ethical, and emotional implications of IVF, potentially leading to compromised consent. Additionally, there are ongoing risks of breaches in confidentiality, given the sensitive nature of reproductive health data and the importance of protecting patient privacy.
Conclusion
This study revealed that several ethical dilemmas confront both healthcare providers and couples in the process of IVF. There is an urgent need for the development of clear and uniform regulations to govern the practice of IVF treatment in Ghana, with further attention given to mitigating financial barriers and enhancing support systems for couples considering IVF.
Production of Antimicrobial Nonwoven Fabrics Based on Polyamide-6 (PA-6) Fibers on Industrial Scale
Authors: Shalaby Samy E , Beliakova Margaretia K , Al-Balakocy Naser G , Elshakankery Mahmoud H
Published: August 2024

The ultimate goal of this article is to produce antimicrobial PA-6 nonwoven fabrics on industrial scale. Therefore, the adaptation and development of pilot conditions for imparting PA textile materials antimicrobial properties is highly needed. This will pave the way for establishment a technological package for the production of antimicrobial PA nonwoven fabrics on industrial scale. The effect of semi-industrial scale finishing conditions, mainly antimicrobial substrate (AS) concentration, duration and temperature on the (%) colony forming unit (CFU) reduction after treatment with aqueous solutions of AS was examined. The antimicrobial activity of PA treated with AS fibers against S. areus, E. Coli and C. albicans was investigated using the shake flask method. All PA-6 fibers bounded with AS showed outstanding antimicrobial activities against the previously mentioned three microorganisms. In fact the % of CFU reduction for all PA-6 samples are significant, whereas it is null for the parent fibers.
Effect of oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) on surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332
Authors: Martins Taise , Debon Janaina , Schmidell Willibaldo , Soares Hugo M.
Published: August 2024

Surfactin is one of the most effective biosurfactants available and has several interesting properties. However, the high cost and low yield associated with surfactin production have been major drawbacks preventing its wider industrial application. The use of intensive stirring and aeration, in order to increase surfactin synthesis, can cause excessive foaming, resulting in low levels of biosurfactant production inside the bioreactor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) on surfactin productivity in a bioreactor integrated with a foam collector using low aeration rates. The experiments were carried out at 32°C, using a mineral salts medium containing 10 g/L of glucose, at constant pH 7.0. The results showed that the best surfactin production performance was achieved at kLa = 21.88 h− 1 (with 0.3 vvm aeration and 250 rpm stirring), which resulted in a maximum productivity of 14.1 mg/L.h and a maximum surfactin concentration of 443.1 mg/L in the foam. Despite loss of the culture broth through the exhaust air line, a very high surfactin concentration was reached in the foam phase, which can facilitate downstream processing and purification of the product. Besides, the best results regarding surfactin enrichment and recovery were obtained by using low aeration rate combined with high agitation rate.