bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A practice‐based clinical evaluation of the survival and success of metal‐ceramic and zirconia molar crowns: 5‐year results
Authors: Rinke S. , Kramer K. , Bürgers R. , Roediger M.
Published: September 2015

This practice‐based study evaluates the survival and success of conventionally luted metal‐ceramic and zirconia molar crowns fabricated by using a prolonged cooling period for the veneering porcelain. Fifty‐three patients were treated from 07/2008 to 07/2009 with either metal‐ceramic crowns (MCC) or zirconia crowns (ZC). Forty‐five patients (26 female) with 91 restorations (obser‐vational period: 64·0 ± 4·8 months) participated in a clinical follow‐up examination and were included in the study. Estimated cumulative survival (ECSv), success (ECSc) and veneering ceramic success (ECVCSc) were calculated (Kaplan–Meier) and analysed by the crown fabrication technique and the position of the restoration (Cox regression model) (P < 0·05). Five complete failures (MCC: 2, ZC: 3) were recorded (5‐year ECSv: MCC: 97·6%, (95% confidence interval (95%‐CI): [93%; 100%]/ZC: 94·0%, (95%‐CI): [87%; 100%]). Of the MCCs (n = 41), 85·0%, [95%‐CI: (77%; 96%)] remained event‐free, whereas the ECSc for the ZCs (n = 50) was 74·3% (95%‐CI): [61%; 87%]. No significant differences in ECSv (P = 0·51), ECSc (P = 0·43) and ECVCSc (P = 0·36) were detected between the two fabrication techniques. Restorations placed on terminal abutments (n = 44) demonstrated a significantly lower ECVCSc (P = 0·035), (5‐year VCF‐rate: 14·8%) than crowns placed on tooth‐neighboured abutments (n = 47), (5‐year VCF‐rate: 4·3%). In the present study, zirconia molar crowns demonstrated a 5‐year ECSv, ECSc and ECVCSc comparable to MCCs. Irrespective of the fabrication technique, crowns on terminal abutments bear a significantly increased risk for VCFs. Clinical investigations with an increased number of restorations are needed.
The (Non) Religion of Mechanical Turk Workers
Authors: Lewis Andrew R. , Djupe Paul A. , Mockabee Stephen T. , Su‐Ya Wu Joshua
Published: September 2015

Social science researchers have increasingly come to utilize Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to obtain adult, opt‐in samples for use with experiments. Based on the demographic characteristics of MTurk samples, studies have provided some support for the representativeness of MTurk. Others have warranted caution based on demographic characteristics and comparisons of reliability. Yet, what is missing is an examination of the most glaring demographic difference in MTurk—religion. We compare five MTurk samples with a student convenience sample and the 2012 General Social Survey, finding that MTurk samples have a consistent bias toward nonreligion. MTurk surveys significantly overrepresent seculars and underrepresent Catholics and evangelical Protestants. We then compare the religiosity of religious identifiers across samples as well as relationships between religiosity and partisanship, finding many similarities and a few important differences from the general population.
Religion, Cultural Clash, and Muslim American Attitudes About Politically Motivated Violence
Authors: Acevedo Gabriel A. , Chaudhary Ali R.
Published: September 2015

Does adherence to Islam predict attitudes about “suicide bombing” among American Muslims? This study examines the effects of religious and political factors on views of politically motivated violence (PMV). We draw from diverse scholarship, emphasizing arguments that are inspired by Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations perspective, as well as recent work in the sociology of Islam. Using a measure that gauges support for “suicide bombing” from the 2007 Pew Survey of American Muslims, results from logistic regression models suggest that political views and religious factors have a minimal effect on Muslim American attitudes toward suicide bombing. Furthermore, we find that Qur’ānic authoritativeness (i.e., the view that the Qur’ān is the word of God and not written by men) is associated with lower odds of supporting this form of PMV. We discuss the implications of our findings for the often anecdotal and alarmist accounts that link Muslim religiosity to support for “radical” extremism. We close with study limitations and avenues of future research.
Interventionist Secularism: A Comparative Analysis of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (1923–1928) and the Indian Constituent Assembly (1946–1949) Debates
Authors: Madra Aysel
Published: September 2015

The debates in the Turkish Grand National Assembly (1923–1928) and the Indian Constituent Assembly (1946–1949) inscribed the secular infrastructures of these states into law. A close examination of these debates shows that while the separation of religion and state was an important aspect of Turkish and Indian secularisms, both allowed the state to intervene in the religious sphere. In both, state intervention in religion sought to transform the majority religion into a secularized and modernized form that would complement national identity. However, whereas Turkish secularism adopted “restrictive intervention,” which sanctions state interference to construct a monolithic national identity, the Indian nationalist leaders adopted “emancipative intervention,” which seeks to create an overarching national identity while preserving the cultural and religious diversity of society. While the former type of secularist intervention limits religion's public visibility and places it under state control, the latter seeks to eliminate and reform religious practices that hinder social justice and equality. Based on this analysis, I argue that secularism may be seen as a tool state authorities utilize in the service of the political project of creating a modern nation.
Holy War, Progress, and “Modern Mohammedans” in Colonial Southeast Asia1
Authors: Gedacht Joshua
Published: September 2015

The idea of perang sabil, a hybrid Malay/Arabic term roughly translated as war in the way of Allah, persists as an enduring staple of the popular and academic literature on resistance to colonial rule in Aceh and Mindanao. However, even in the midst of a genuine conflict zone, holy war signified neither a fixed term with any preordained meaning nor a straightforward reflection of violence between implacably opposed antagonists. Drawing from the records of colonial scholars, soldiers, and officials, as well as a variety of local Southeast Asian newspapers, I argue that perang sabil emerged as a multivalent discursive weapon. The idea of perang sabil served as a contingent and contested signifier that non‐Muslim colonizer and Muslim colonized alike could deploy in ongoing dialogical engagements over the proper definition of progress and reform, of “good” versus “bad” Muslims, and of the very nature of what might be called a “modern Mohammedan.” Indeed, while colonial invaders frequently portrayed perang sabil as the antithesis of modernity, logically embedded in that very rhetorical move was the necessity of acknowledging some “good” Islamic alternative, of promoting forms of piety that could eschew rebellion and serve the aspirations of the colonial state. This article will demonstrate that many Acehnese and Mindanaons seized this opening, promoting theological reform, forging new mutual aid societies, and in the process, paradoxically, leveraging the epistemic violence of colonialism to reconfigure their Muslim identity. However, such categories of progress and reform, “good Muslim” and “bad” Muslim, would not prove stable. This article will further demonstrate that the constant valuation and revaluation of holy war that arose from debates across the colonial divide often spun well beyond the control of the authorities. Indeed, even as colonial regimes sought to produce “good Muslims” in opposition to violent resistance, by the late 1930s and 40s, a fledgling cohort of nationalists moved to commemorate martyrdom and perang sabil not as the antithesis of modernity, but as its very apotheosis.
Changes in serum cystatin C, creatinine, and C‐reactive protein after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with normal preoperative kidney function
Authors: Svensson Anders S. , Kvitting John‐Peder Escobar , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Cederholm Ingemar , Szabó Zoltán
Published: September 2015

Aim

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause changes in serum creatinine and cystatin C independent of glomerular filtration rate. We aimed to quantify the temporal changes of these biomarkers and C‐reactive protein (CRP) after CPB.

Methods

This was a prospective study at an academic medical centre between April and October 2013. We compared postoperative changes in serum creatinine and cystatin C in 38 patients with normal preoperative kidney function who underwent cardiac surgery using CPB and did not develop perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI). The effect of inflammation on intra‐individual changes was examined in mixed effects regressions, using measurements of pre‐ and postoperative CRP.

Results

Both serum creatinine (79.9 ± 22.7 vs. 92.6 ± 21.4 µmol/L, P = 0.001) and cystatin C (1.16 ± 0.39 vs. 1.33 ± 0.37 mg/L, P = 0.012) decreased significantly in the first 8 h postoperatively compared to preoperatively, as a result of haemodilution. Thereafter serum creatinine returned to preoperative levels, whereas serum cystatin C continued to rise and was significantly elevated at 72 h post‐CPB compared to preoperative levels (1.53 ± 0.48 vs. 1.33 ± 0.37 mg/L, P = 0.003). CRP levels increased significantly post‐CPB and were significantly associated with increases in both serum creatinine and cystatin C.

Conclusion

Serum creatinine and cystatin C appear not to be interchangeable biomarkers during and immediately after CPB. Processes unrelated to kidney function such as acute inflammation have a significant effect on post‐CPB changes in these biomarkers, and may result in significant increases in serum cystatin C that could erroneously be interpreted as AKI.
‘CPAN 1842’: a new source of adult plant leaf rust resistance in bread wheat
Authors: Mishra Akhilesh N. , Kaushal Kamini , Dubey Vijay G. , Sai Prasad Sakuru V. , T.L Prakasha
Published: September 2015

There is worldwide interest in adult plant resistance (APR) because of greater durability of APR to the cereal rusts. Peruvian bread wheat genotype ‘CPAN (Coordinated Project Accession Number) 1842’ (LM 50–53) has shown leaf rust resistance in disease screening nurseries since its introduction in 1977. However, it is susceptible at the seedling stage to several Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotypes including the widely prevalent 77‐5 (121R63‐1) that infects bread wheat. Inheritance studies showed that CPAN 1842 carried a dominant gene for APR to pathotype 77‐5, which was different from Lr12, Lr13, Lr22a, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr46, Lr48, Lr49 and Lr68, based on the tests of allelism; and from Lr67, based on genotyping with the closely linked SSR marker cfd71. This gene should also be different from Lr22b as the latter is totally ineffective against pathotype 77‐5. CPAN 1842 therefore appears to be a new promising source of leaf rust resistance. Also having resistance to stem rust and stripe rust, this line can contribute to breeding for multiple rust resistances in wheat.
Assessing accuracy and precision for field and laboratory data: a perspective in ecosystem restoration
Authors: Stapanian Martin A. , Lewis Timothy E. , Palmer Craig J. , Amos Molly M.
Published: September 2015

Unlike most laboratory studies, rigorous quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures may be lacking in ecosystem restoration (“ecorestoration”) projects, despite legislative mandates in the United States. This is due, in part, to ecorestoration specialists making the false assumption that some types of data (e.g. discrete variables such as species identification and abundance classes) are not subject to evaluations of data quality. Moreover, emergent behavior manifested by complex, adapting, and nonlinear organizations responsible for monitoring the success of ecorestoration projects tend to unconsciously minimize disorder, QA/QC being an activity perceived as creating disorder. We discuss similarities and differences in assessing precision and accuracy for field and laboratory data. Although the concepts for assessing precision and accuracy of ecorestoration field data are conceptually the same as laboratory data, the manner in which these data quality attributes are assessed is different. From a sample analysis perspective, a field crew is comparable to a laboratory instrument that requires regular “recalibration,” with results obtained by experts at the same plot treated as laboratory calibration standards. Unlike laboratory standards and reference materials, the “true” value for many field variables is commonly unknown. In the laboratory, specific QA/QC samples assess error for each aspect of the measurement process, whereas field revisits assess precision and accuracy of the entire data collection process following initial calibration. Rigorous QA/QC data in an ecorestoration project are essential for evaluating the success of a project, and they provide the only objective “legacy” of the dataset for potential legal challenges and future uses.
Pharmaceutical Product Development and Liability With Chantix®: A Teaching Case
Authors: Wells Brenda
Published: September 2015

In 2006, Pfizer introduced Chantix® to the American medical marketplace. Touted as an effective tool for smoking cessation, the drug experienced first‐year sales of just under $900 million. With smokers costing employers thousands of dollars more each year than nonsmokers, and with public pressure to give up cigarettes, many embraced Chantix® as a miracle drug. What many did not understand was that the drug was rushed to market before extensive testing and clinical trials could be conducted to prove its safety for a wide variety of users, especially those with psychiatric conditions.

This case tells the story of Chantix®: how it works, how it came to market, and the more than 2,700 lawsuits that were filed as a result of injuries claimed to be caused by the drug. Students are given the opportunity to consider the ramifications of risk management decisions made throughout the development and marketing of the drug, as well as how litigation involving the medication might have been handled.
Is ERM Legally Required? Yes for Financial and Governmental Institutions, No for Private Enterprises
Authors: Whitman Andrew F.
Published: September 2015

We examine whether enterprise risk management (ERM) is legally required for financial institutions (e.g., banks, securities brokerage firms, insurance, hedge funds and mutual funds), government entities, publicly traded companies, and private enterprises. We find that ERM is legally required for U.S. financial institutions and for some government‐sponsored enterprises. Legally required means required by U.S. statutes, federal case law, or U.S. regulatory agencies (e.g., Securities and Exchange Commission [SEC]). ERM is an important factor for rating organizations (e.g., Standard & Poor's [S&P]), but not legally required. We found no U.S. statutes or federal court cases requiring an ERM framework for private enterprises, although ERM is accepted as a value‐contributing best practice, and elements of ERM are practiced by some private enterprises. For publically traded companies, elements of ERM are required by federal statute, by the SEC, and by S&P. We suggest that if a private enterprise is sued in U.S. federal court alleging breach of a legal duty to practice ERM, the suit will likely be dismissed. We trace the development of ERM from a traditional risk management (TRM) base. Fortunately, ERM is recognized as a value‐contributing best practice in corporate governance even when legal standards do not require it.
Self‐Funding of Health‐Care Plans by Small Firms: Risks and Reforms
Authors: Pozen Robert , Vinjamoori Anant
Published: September 2015

Small employers that offer health insurance have usually offered fully insured products through traditional health plans. Recently, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has created new requirements for fully insured products that will entice more small firms to fund their own health‐care benefits. However, self‐funding poses significant risks to these small firms, their employees, and state exchanges. To mitigate some of these risks within current political realities, we recommend advance disclosures—to small firms of material changes in their stop‐loss policies, and to their employees that premium subsidies are available only on ACA exchanges. We also suggest strengthening Small Business Health Options Program exchanges by broadening the availability of subsidies and building partnerships with brokers. Finally, we recommend an expanded role for brokers and third‐party administrators in helping small firms improve their choice of health‐care insurance.
Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Subset Studies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Oturai D. B. , Søndergaard H. B. , Börnsen L. , Sellebjerg F. , Romme Christensen J.
Published: September 2015

Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) involves the need of a proper standard for normalizing the gene expression data. Different studies have shown the validity of reference genes to vary greatly depending on tissue, cell subsets and experimental context. This study aimed at the identification of suitable reference genes for qPCR studies using different peripheral blood cell subsets (whole blood (WB) cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMC subsets (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, monocytes, B cells and dendritic cells) from healthy controls (HC), patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and interferon‐β‐treated patients with RRMS (RRMS‐IFN‐β). Eight candidate reference genes (CASC3, EEF1A1, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPLP0, UBC, UBE2D2 and YWHAZ) were analysed using normfinder and genorm algorithms to identify the most stably expressed genes. We found reference gene expression varied most across cell subsets, and less variation between the donor groups. UBE2D2 was the most stably expressed gene across both HC and RRMS patients and across cell subsets, while UBC was the most stably expressed gene between HC, RRMS and RRMS‐IFN‐β patients. UBE2D2 and HPRT1 was the most stable combination for analyses of cell subsets between HC and RRMS patients, while the combination of UBC and YWHAZ was superior for analysis of cell subsets between HC, RRMS and RRMS‐IFN‐β groups. GAPDH was generally unsuitable for blood cell subset studies in multiple sclerosis. In conclusion, we found that blood cell subsets result in marked variation in reference gene expression, and we identified suitable reference genes for studies involving PBMC subsets, RRMS patients and interferon‐β treatment.
Financial advisors, financial ecologies and the variegated financialisation of everyday investors
Authors: Lai Karen P Y
Published: September 2015

While recent work on financialisation of everyday life has elucidated the reshaping of everyday consumers as risk‐taking investors, the role of financial advisors (FAs) has been overlooked, even though they are key intermediaries in articulating households and individuals into circuits of global finance. Through a financial ecologies approach, this paper focuses onFAs to reveal the ambiguities and inconsistencies inherent in their professional practice as varied modes of corporate management and organisational practices lead to differentiated encounters that shape the financial knowledge and investment decisions of clients. Empirical analysis is based on industry reports, regulatory documents, personal interviews and ethnographic fieldwork at professional training and networking events. The findings demonstrate how professional intermediaries likeFAs are vital in explaining the shifting and uneven configuration of investor subjects. A critical analysis ofFAs reveals how the decision making process and investment practices of consumers are fraught with knowledge asymmetries and embedded in distinctive financial ecologies with variegated outcomes. The ecologies concept is mobilised to explain the resilience or fragility of relational formations, the entanglement of diverse elements and motivations in the variegated formation of investor subjects, and the operation of constitutive ecologies within the financial system.
Comparison of manual hematocrit determinations versus automated methods for hematopoietic progenitor cell apheresis products
Authors: Avecilla Scott T. , Marionneaux Steven M. , Leiva Tyler D. , Tonon Jo‐ann , Chan Virgil T. , Moung Christine , Meagher Richard C. , Maslak Peter
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donor selection is based primarily on human leukocyte antigen degree of match and it often occurs without regard to the red blood cell (RBC) compatibility between donor and recipient. When major ABO‐mismatched grafts are infused, it is imperative that an accurate determination of the incompatible RBC content is made to ensure that the product is safe for infusion. RBC content determination requires the hematocrit (Hct) parameter which can be obtained via manual (directly measured) or automated (calculated) methods.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Ninety‐seven apheresis hematopoietic progenitor grafts were assessed for Hct by manual testing and by four commercially available automated hematology analyzer instruments. A clinical model was developed to assess the frequency of unnecessary RBC reductions or alteration in standard infusion practice.

RESULTS

Significant (p < 0.001) differences were observed where the manual Hct value was markedly lower than automated Hct values. At stringent incompatible RBC threshold of 10 mL, the number of preventable RBC reduction procedures ranged from 18% to 69%.

CONCLUSION

Accurate determination of RBC content of hematopoietic progenitor grafts is essential for patient safety. Despite the rapidity and convenience offered by automated Hct methods, they significantly overestimate the incompatible RBC content of grafts, which may trigger unnecessary RBC reduction procedures or split infusions. In products where automated Hct methods indicate excessive amounts of incompatible RBCs are present, we advise the performance of confirmatory testing with a manual Hct method to ensure that the automated Hct value is not a false positive.
Accuracy of routine cytology and immunocytochemistry in preoperative diagnosis of oral amelanotic melanomas in dogs
Authors: Przeździecki Rafał , Czopowicz Michał , Sapierzyński Rafał
Published: September 2015

Background

Amelanotic melanomas are one of the most common oral malignancies. The cytologic and histopathologic differentiation between amelanotic melanoma, sarcoma, and poorly differentiated carcinoma is often difficult or even impossible.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of routine cytology and immunocytochemistry in preoperative diagnosis of canine oral amelanotic melanoma.

Methods

Cytologic preparations from undifferentiated canine oral tumors were stained with Giemsa and by immunocytochemistry (ICC) using anti‐cytokeratin, anti‐vimentin, and anti‐Melan A antibodies. The final cytologic diagnosis (includingICC) was compared to the final diagnosis based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, and sensitivity and specificity of cytologic examination were determined.

Results

Final cytologic diagnoses of 38 cases agreed well with the histopathologic/immunohistochemical diagnoses, thus both specificity and sensitivity of combined routine cytology andICCwere 100% (95% confidence interval 90.8–100%). Of 32 oral tumors, diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma was made using routine cytology andICC. In 4 of 6 aspirates taken from lymph nodes, a preliminary diagnosis of metastatic amelanotic melanoma corresponded with the final diagnosis. Both sensitivity and specificity of routine cytology in diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas were considered moderate (66.7% and 85.7%, respectively).

Conclusions

In conclusion, routine cytology is a reliable diagnostic method for canine oral amelanotic melanoma and metastatic amelanotic melanoma, andICC, using anti‐cytokeratin, anti‐vimentin, and anti‐Melan A antibodies, is an excellent supporting method for presurgical diagnosis of poorly differentiated oral malignancies in dogs.
Perioperative trends in plasma colloid osmotic pressure in horses undergoing surgery
Authors: Raftery Alexandra G. , Morgan Ruth A. , MacFarlane Paul D.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To compare perioperative trends in plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) between horses undergoing orthopedic and colic surgery.

Design

Prospective clinical study September 2009–January 2011.

Setting

Veterinary university teaching hospital.

Animals

Thirty‐three healthy, client‐owned horses presenting for orthopedic surgery (non‐GI) and 85 client‐owned horses presenting for emergency exploratory celiotomy (GI, gastrointestinal).

Interventions

None.

Measurements

Data relating to the horse's parameters on presentation, surgical lesion, post‐operative management and survival were extracted from computerized clinical records. Heparinized blood samples were taken on presentation (PreOp, pre‐operative), on recovery from anesthesia (T0), at 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) hours post recovery. COP was measured within 4 hours of collection.

Results

There was no significant difference in PreOp or T0 COP between groups. Both groups had a significant decrease in COP during anesthesia. When compared to their respective pre‐operative values, horses in the non‐GI group had significantly increased COP at T12, whereas those in the GI group had significantly reduced COP. This trend was continued at T24. Horses in the GI group placed on intravenous crystalloid isotonic fluids post‐operatively had a significantly lower COP at T12 and T24. Horses in the GI group that did not survive had significantly lower post‐operative COP values at T24.

Conclusions

Horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy had significantly lower COP post‐operatively than those horses undergoing orthopedic surgery. This difference was more marked in those horses receiving isotonic crystalloid intravenous fluid therapy post‐operatively and in those that did not survive to discharge. In the non‐GI group an increase in COP post‐operatively was common.
Primary isolated osteoma cutis causing eyelid deformation and strabismus in a dog
Authors: Hindley Kate E. , Billson F. Mark , Piripi Susan , Verbruggen Anne Marie , Havlicek Martin
Published: September 2015

Osteoma cutis describes bone formation in skin and is well documented in the medical literature, but veterinary reports are few. We report a single case of a juvenile samoyed that was referred for assessment of a superior eyelid anomaly. Exploratory surgery and histopathology revealed the presence of mature, lamellar bone within the superior eyelid. The histologic appearance was consistent with primary osteoma cutis. The presence of the ossification within the deep dermis of the eyelid was associated with an abnormal conformation causing trichiasis, keratitis and dorsal strabismus. Identification of the osseous lesion during surgery and its removal was curative with no recurrence of disease during the 32 month follow‐up period.
La responsabilidad social del grupo EPM: una nueva postura política frente al territorio
Authors: Polanco López de Mesa Jorge Andrés
Published: September 2015

El Grupo EPM experimenta un cambio notable en su estrategia de responsabilidad social. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre el cambio de estrategia y la postura política de la empresa en el área de influencia de la hidroeléctrica Río Grande II en Colombia. La responsabilidad social se asume teóricamente como una iniciativa de sostenibilidad corporativa. La metodología de investigación es un estudio de caso exploratorio. Los resultados muestran que la empresa busca una posición más central en su relación con el Estado y la comunidad local. El relacionamiento con el Estado se orienta hacia la construcción colectiva del territorio, y con la comunidad local se busca mayor participación. Esta nueva postura corporativa conlleva a procesos inexplorados donde se  compartan costos y beneficios con el Estado y la comunidad.
Caracterización y efectividad de programas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica de las funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido: una revisión
Authors: Martínez Martínez Adriana Marcela , Martínez Villar Susana , Aguilar Mejia Oscar Mauricio , Mariño García Daniela
Published: September 2015

En este artículo se realiza una revisión de los principales programas de rehabilitación de las funciones ejecutivas ampliamente reconocidos en la literatura, así como una recopilación de aquellos estudios que han replicado dichos programas en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido. Estos estudios son seleccionados a través de PubMed al incluir palabras clave tales como: funciones ejecutivas, daño cerebral, evaluación neuropsicológica e intervención. Luego, se analizan a partir de una organización y división de los componentes que trabajan: solución de problemas y memoria de trabajo, autorregulación, motivación e iniciativa y habilidades metacognitivas. Por último se describen aquellos programas que integran más de dos dominios. De la revisión se concluye que existe una gran cantidad de propuestas para la rehabilitación de estas funciones, y queda claro que la rehabilitación de las funciones ejecutivas ofrece efectos positivos sobre el funcionamiento y calidad de vida de la persona, en especial enfocando la intervención a aquellas áreas personales, familiares y ambientales relevantes para su funcionamiento. Sin embargo, aún se carece de suficientes estudios que demuestren la efectividad y eficiencia de dichos programas, lo cual se explica por el uso de muestras pequeñas o de caso único que no permiten la generalización de resultados, las características heterogéneas de los participantes y la baja generalización a la vida cotidiana.
Justicia organizacional, engagement en el trabajo y comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional: Una combinación ganadora
Authors: Rodríguez Montalbán Ramón Luis , Martínez Lugo Miguel , Salanova Soria Marisa
Published: September 2015

Se han realizado muchos estudios sobre la relación de la justicia organizacional y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional. Sin embargo, todavía existen preguntas sobre los procesos psicológicos que explican esta relación. Este estudio pone a prueba el rol del mediador del engagement en el trabajo, como proceso psicológico que explica la relación entre la justicia organizacional y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional. Una muestra de 144 empleados de múltiples sectores ocupacionales (servicios, ventas, entre otros) de Puerto Rico participó en el estudio. Los resultados de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con Partial Least Squares apoyan nuestra hipótesis: el engagement media en su totalidad la relación entre justicia y comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional. Cuando las personas perciben que son tratadas en el trabajo de forma justa, se fomenta el engagement en el trabajo, lo que a su vez, predice de los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional.
Relaciones de la disonancia emocional y del clima de servicio con el bienestar en el trabajo: un estudio multinivel
Authors: Carrasco Hugo , Martínez-Tur Vicente , Peiró Jose María , Moliner Carolina , Ramis Carmen
Published: September 2015

In this study, emotional dissonance and service climate are related to well-being at work through two independent corridors. To consider emotional dissonance and service climate, we designed a cross-level model where multilevel predictors (individual emotional dissonance and work-unit service climate) were related to individual levels of burnout and engagement. Using a sample of 512 employees working in 152 work-units, we confirmed the existence of a model where service climate is significantly related to burnout and engagement, beyond the role of emotional dissonance. The research concludes with a discussion of these results and future implications.
Adaptación y validación española del Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ)
Authors: Camacho Álvaro Sicilia , Ferriz Morell Roberto , Trigueros Ramos Rubén , González-Cutre Coll David
Published: September 2015

El objetivo de este estudio fue validar la versión española del Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) dentro del contexto de la Educación Física (EF). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 858 estudiantes, de edades comprendidas entre 15 y 21 años. Las propiedades psicométricas del PACSQ fueron analizadas a través de varios métodos. Los resultados apoyaron el modelo de primer orden con nueve factores y el modelo de orden superior. La estructura de ambos modelos fue invariante respecto al género. La correlaciones entre las subescalas indicaron un modelo factorial relacionado, apoyando la validez de constructo de la escala. Los valores alfa de Cronbach fueron superiores a 0.7 y se obtuvieron niveles apropiados de estabilidad temporal. Los resultados de este estudio muestran evidencias de validez para la utilización del PACSQ en el contexto español.
Diseño y análisis psicométrico de un instrumento que evalúa competencias básicas en Economía y Finanzas: una contribución a la educación para el consumo
Authors: Vargas Prieto Mónica , Avendaño Prieto Bertha Lucía
Published: September 2015

En Colombia, se evidencia la falta de instrumentos válidos y confiables para realizar diagnósticos y mediciones que contribuyan a la definición de los contenidos de programas en educación económica y financiera y su efectividad en los objetivos que persiguen. El propósito del presente estudio fue diseñar y realizar el análisis psicométrico de un instrumento para evaluar competencias básicas en educación financiera y económica en estudiantes universitarios mayores de 15 años; se contó con la participación de 410 estudiantes. El instrumento se elaboró en concordancia con el plan de prueba, y la validación de contenido se realizó con ocho expertos. El estudio fue de tipo instrumental. Los datos se analizaron en el marco de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). La consistencia interna establecida mediante el alfa de Cronbach arrojó un valor de 0.98. Los valores Infit y Outfit encontrados indicaron buen ajuste al modelo de Rasch. Los resultados permiten concluir que la prueba cumple con los requerimientos psicométricos exigidos para este tipo de instrumentos, constituyéndose en una herramienta útil para la medición de competencias básicas en economía y finanzas.
Intensidad de demanda de los videojuegos y su efecto sobre el estado de ánimo y la activación percibida
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Rolando , Torres Fernández David
Published: September 2015

Este estudio busca indagar la relación entre el uso de videojuegos con diferente intensidad de activación demandada sobre la activación fisiológica percibida y los estados de ánimo. Se utilizó un diseño de medidas repetidas (N = 27). Los resultados muestran que el estado de ánimo positivo aumenta ante el juego de alta activación demandada, mientras que el uso de videojuegos no afecta los estados de ánimo negativos. En cuanto a la activación fisiológica percibida, se encontró que, tanto ante el juego de baja como con el de alta activación demandada, se presenta un aumento en la activación percibida. Igualmente, se encontraron variaciones por género en el juego de baja intensidad. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados.
El papel de los facilitadores en la implementación de los “Espacios para Crecer”: evaluación formativa del programa con menores trabajadores “Edúcame Primero, Colombia”
Authors: Holgado Ramos Daniel , Maya Jariego Isidro , Ramos Vidal Ignacio , Palacio Sañudo Jorge
Published: September 2015

Se describe la evaluación formativa de un programa de intervención educativa con menores trabajadores en Barranquilla (Colombia). Un equipo internacional de evaluadores realizó entrevistas cualitativas a una selección de facilitadores (n = 8), familias de los participantes (n = 38) y profesores de los centros educativos, en los que se implementó el programa (n= 40). Las entrevistas se centraron en el proceso de implementación y analizaron el papel de los facilitadores que aplicaban el programa y desarrollaron estrategias de mediación comunitaria. Los resultados muestran la conexión entre los procesos de implicación comunitaria y la efectividad de la intervención. Los facilitadores hicieron de puente entre el programa y los contextos organizativo y comunitario. En el proceso de implementación, el papel de los facilitadores consistió en (a) ajustar el programa a las particularidades y dificultades del contexto, (b) el intercambio de buenas prácticas y (c) la mediación con el profesorado y las familias implicadas. Mientras que el papel de mediación y ajuste comunitario de los facilitadores estaba previsto en el diseño, la formación de un grupo informal entre los aplicadores más activos terminó afectando a los componentes centrales del programa. Paradójicamente, dicha dinámica mejoró la implementación y los resultados. En ese contexto, se discuten las lecciones aprendidas en la prevención del trabajo infantil.
Estudio piloto de diseño de un sitio web para el bienestar de cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral
Authors: Boixadós Mercè , Gómez-Zúñiga Benigna , Hernández-Encuentra Eulàlia , Guillamón Noemí , Redolar-Ripoll Diego , Pousada Modesta , Muñoz-Marrón Elena , Armayones Manuel
Published: September 2015

The objective is to present a website designed to improve the quality of life of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy and show data concerning its usefulness. The website was developed in accordance with scientific literature about caregivers’ burden. We organized the website around different sections (e.g. family communication, learning to relax) and social support forums. The interactive features of the site were designed to accommodate different caregivers’ needs and enable them to choose different pathways according to their own individual needs. Participants were 10 caregivers who took part in a pilot study and completed a questionnaire to analyze the usefulness of the website after five months using it. Preliminary results suggested that the website was useful for participants. The most useful sections were the “peer-to-peer” and the professional forums. This study shows the potential of an online intervention for parents of children with cerebral palsy.
our clothes are going to magically come off": An Exploratory Study of U.S. Latino Adolescents' Reasons for Having or not Having First-time Vaginal Intercourse
Authors: Useche Bernardo , Medina Gilda , Ross Michael W , Markham Christine
Published: September 2015

US Latino adolescents have higher teenage birthrates and higher probabilities for early sexual initiation, compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Understanding their reasons for delaying or initiating first-time vaginal intercourse is important in designing culturally relevant health promotion programs. Using qualitative methods, we analyzed 21 semi-structured interviews with US Latino adolescents regarding their sexual debuts. Seven had sexually debuted, acknowledging sexual feelings of desire, curiosity and pleasure for their romantic partner. The remaining 14 had not debuted citing reasons of self-interest reasons and external prohibitive factors. Eight out of 14 also attributed their status to not being in a romantic relationship. Our findings suggest several areas for increased discussion including how romantic relationships and Latino cultural values influence sexual initiation and the use of contraception. These findings could improve health promotion programs by identifying critical elements that may resonate with US Latino adolescent socio-cultural values and sexual development.
Claves psicológicas fundacionales del autogobierno ciudadano: la “psicología del pueblo español” como estudio de caso (1902-1918)
Authors: Castro Tejerina Jorge
Published: September 2015

A finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la configuración psicológica del concepto liberal de autogobierno fue clave para diseñar el sujeto político de la modernidad y la propia idea de “ciudadanía”. Nuestro trabajo estudia ese proceso sociohistórico a través de los primeros textos dedicados a la “psicología del pueblo español”. Además de confirmar la estrecha relación entre psicología y autogobierno, el análisis revela el papel de la psicología en la transición histórica desde las tradicionales teorías y prácticas de la subjetividad hasta las modernas –particularmente en el dominio educativo y religioso–. Gracias a la psicología, el proyecto liberal también estableció los supuestos límites sociopolíticos para la potencial participación ciudadana de la población española.
Georg F. Nicolai: aportes para un estudio de recepción de las ideas de Pavlov en Argentina
Authors: Ferrari Fernando José
Published: September 2015

El trabajo se enmarca dentro de los estudios de recepción de las ideas psicológicas en Argentina. Se aborda la figura y la obra del médico y fisiólogo alemán Georg Nicolai, exiliado pacifista que se instala en la ciudad de Córdoba entre 1922 y 1927. Se estudia el período de formación con el fisiólogo ruso Iván Pavlov y el impacto de la difusión de sus ideas en Córdoba, Argentina. A su vez se estudian las redes intelectuales con las que tuvo contacto y se muestran los espacios institucionales y editoriales que posibilitaron la mencionada difusión.
Psychology and social policies: A historical overview of psychological practice in Brazilian Public Health
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Isabel , Hajime Yamamoto Dr. Oswaldo
Published: September 2015

This article examines the evolution of public health policies in Brazil after 1985, when the democratic transition process began at the end of the military rule, and their impact on the professional practice of psychologists. Brazilian social policies of this period and the construction and development of the Unified Healthcare System – SUS (the Brazilian National Health System) are reviewed, as the context for the discussion of the inclusion of psychologists into public health. Issues such as the suitability of traditional clinic models of practice to public health services, questions concerning the academic training and the limits imposed by social policies for the practice are discussed.
Mnemotecnia y metamemoria en las personas mayores
Authors: Campos Alfredo , Ameijide Letica
Published: September 2015

En esta investigación, a través de dos experimentos, deseábamos averiguar la influencia de la mnemotecnia de la palabra clave en el recuerdo y en los juicios metamnemónicos: juicios de facilidad de aprendizaje (EOL), juicios de aprendizaje (JOL), y juicios de confianza (CL), tanto en una lista corta, de 16 palabras latinas (Experimento 1), como en una lista larga, de 32 palabras latinas (Experimento 2). En el Experimento 1 participaron 88 mujeres, con una media de edad de 74.34 años, y se encontró que el método de la palabra clave fue superior al método de repetición en el recuerdo, y en los juicios de confianza en la respuesta (CL). En el Experimento 2 participó un grupo de 84 mujeres, de una edad similar al anterior, y se encontró que el método de la palabra clave fue significativamente superior que el método de repetición en el recuerdo y en todos los juicios metamnemónicos estudiados.
Wind Speed Dependency of Low-Frequency Vibration Levels in Full-Scale Wind Turbines
Authors: Escaler Xavier , Mebarki Toufik
Published: September 2015

A series of continuous vibration measurements in 14 upwind wind turbines of the same model and belonging to the same wind farm have been conducted. The data were acquired over a period lasting approximately half a year. The tower axial vibration acceleration has been monitored in the frequency band from 0 to 10 Hz with an accelerometer mounted on the gearbox casing between the intermediate and the high-speed shafts. It has been observed that the average frequency spectrum is dominated by the blade passing frequency in all the wind turbines. The evolution of the vibration magnitudes over the entire range of operating conditions is also very similar for all the wind turbines. The root-mean-square (rms) acceleration value has been correlated with the wind speed, and it has been found that a linear fit with a positive slope is a useful model for prediction purposes.
Al2O3 e-beam evaporated onto silicon (100)/SiO2 by ToF-SIMS
Authors: S. Kanyal Supriya , Jensen David S. , Zhu Zihua , Linford Matthew R.
Published: September 2015

The authors report the positive and negative ion time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry characterization of a thin film of e-beam evaporated alumina on a silicon substrate using Bi3++ primary ions at 50 keV, where this film prevents poisoning of a Fe catalyst in carbon nanotube growth. The positive ion spectrum showed a strong Al+ signal, while the negative ion spectrum showed strong peaks due to AlO−, AlO2−, AlO3H2−, and OH−.
Sacrificial structures for deep reactive ion etching of high-aspect ratio kinoform silicon x-ray lenses
Authors: Stöhr Frederik , Michael-Lindhard Jonas , Hübner Jörg , Jensen Flemming , Simons Hugh , Jakobsen Anders Clemen , Poulsen Henning Friis , Hansen Ole
Published: September 2015

This article describes the realization of complex high-aspect ratio silicon structures with feature dimensions from 100 μm to 100 nm by deep reactive ion etching using the Bosch process. As the exact shape of the sidewall profiles can be crucial for the proper functioning of a device, the authors investigated how sacrificial structures in the form of guarding walls and pillars may be utilized to facilitate accurate control of the etch profile. Unlike other sacrificial structuring approaches, no silicon-on-insulator substrates or multiple lithography steps are required. In addition, the safe removal of the sacrificial structures was accomplished by thermal oxidation and subsequent selective wet etching. The effects of the dimensions and relative placement of sacrificial walls and pillars on the etching result were determined through systematic experiments. The authors applied this process for exact sidewall control in the manufacture of x-ray lenses that are very sensitive to sidewall shape nonuniformities. Compound kinoform lenses for focusing hard x-rays with structure heights of 200 μm were manufactured, and the lenses were tested in terms of their focusing ability and refracting qualities using synchrotron radiation at a photon energy of 17 keV. A 180 μm long line focus with a waist of 430 nm at a focal length of 215 mm was obtained.
Aging as a driver of leukemogenesis
Authors: McKerrell Thomas , Vassiliou George S.
Published: September 2015

Certain leukemia-initiating mutations drive expansion of hemopoietic clones specifically under the selection pressures that prevail in an aged microenvironment.
Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal JC polyomavirus VP1–specific antibodies as candidate therapeutics for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Jelcic Ivan , Combaluzier Benoit , Jelcic Ilijas , Faigle Wolfgang , Senn Luzia , Reinhart Brenda J. , Ströh Luisa , Nitsch Roger M. , Stehle Thilo , Sospedra Mireia , Grimm Jan , Martin Roland
Published: September 2015

Human monoclonal antibodies broadly neutralize multiple PML-causing JC polyomavirus variants.
March to the beat of adaptive immunity
Authors: Singh Anne Marie
Published: September 2015

Progression of the atopic march occurs through adaptive immune mechanisms.
Precision cancer medicine: Hype or hope?
Authors: Wang Andrew Z.
Published: September 2015

A clinical trial comparing precision cancer medicine (treatment based on tumor mutations) to standard care did not show survival benefit to precision medicine.