bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Conductive Color Powders
Authors: Weng Chin-Cheng , Cheng I-Jein , Wu Ching-Mao , Lin Yu-Chin , Huang Kuo-Tung
Published: January 2010

In this paper, we report that the experimental procedures for the preparation of conductive color powders that were aggregated from color pigment and conductive materials. We first modified the pigment and make the particles surface to have charges (ex: positive) and modified another conductive materials like ITO、Au、Ag particles or conductive polymer to be opposite charges (ex: negative). Then these two kinds of charge particles will aggregate in appropriate processing by static electricity and form a powder. After annealing treatment, the conductive color powder with ITO particles reveals good thermal stability and lower surface resistivity.
Key Role of Aspect Ratio in Optimising Local Surface Plasmon Sensitivities of Solution Phase Triangular Silver Nanoplates
Authors: Charles Denise E. , Aherne Damian , Ledwith Deirdre M. , Gun'ko Yurii K , Kelly John M , Blau Werner J , Brennan-Fournet Margaret E
Published: January 2010

Solution phase triangular silver nanoplate (TSNP) ensembles are herein presented as tunable, highly sensitive, LSPR sensors with excellent potential for versatile amply responsive biosensing applications. The recorded LSPR refractive index sensitivities for the highest aspect ratio TSNPs examined are amongst the highest reported to date for various other nanostructures. Calculations demonstrate that sensitivities of the TSNP sols, as high as the theoretical upper limit, are achievable by tuning the aspect ratio parameter, without any significant diminution observed due to ensemble averaging. Theoretical studies identify the aspect ratio of the nanoplates as a key parameter in controlling the LSPR sensitivity of the TSNPs.
Mechanical Processing in Hydrogen Storage Research and Development
Authors: Balema Viktor P
Published: January 2010

The article addresses an experimental approach, which proved to be indispensable in basic and applied hydrogen storage R&D—the preparation and modification of hydrogen-rich materials using mechanical processing. A possible mechanism of mechanically induced transformations in solid materials is highlighted.
Monodisperse Pt-Cu Nanocubes：Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Xu Dan , Yang Hongzhou , Zou Shouzhong , Fang Jiye
Published: January 2010

High-quality Pt-Cu nanocubes were prepared through simultaneous reduction of platinum (II) acetylacetonate and copper II) acetylacetonate in 1-octadecene by 1,2–tetradecanediol in the presence of tetraoctylammonium bromide, oleylamine, and 1-dodecanethiol. The growth process of Pt-Cu nanocubes was explored based on the observation of intermediates. The electrocatalytic behavior indicates that cubic Pt-Cu nanocrystals are more active than spherical Pt-Cu nanocrystals and Pt nanocrystals towards methanol oxidation reaction.
Catalytic Performance of Nanostructured Plate-type Cu and Cu-Fe on ZnO Nanorods for Steam Reforming of Methanol
Authors: Li Chien-Cheng , Lin Ran-Jin , Chen Li-Chyong , Chen Kuei-Hsien
Published: January 2010

The Cu-type and (Cu-Fe)-type film catalysts have been successfully prepared by the electroless plating on ZnO nanorods/stainless steel substrates. The microstructure features of the (Cu-Fe)-type films are high porosity and plate-type grains. The addition of iron into Cu-type film can improve the reducibility and the stability of the film catalysts. The reduction temperature of the (Cu-Fe)-type film catalysts decreases with increasing the addition of Fe. For Cu-5 at% Fe film, the reduction temperature is in the range of 195°C to 216°C as comparison in the range of 208°C to 233°C of the Cu-type film catalysts.
Tailored Mesoporous Silicas: From Confinement Effects to Catalysis
Authors: Buchanan, III A. C. , Kidder Michelle K.
Published: January 2010

Ordered mesoporous silicas continue to find widespread use as supports for diverse applications such as catalysis, separations, and sensors. They provide a versatile platform for these studies because of their high surface area and the ability to control pore size, topology, and surface properties over wide ranges. Furthermore, there is a diverse array of synthetic methodologies for tailoring the pore surface with organic, organometallic, and inorganic functional groups. In this paper, we will discuss two examples of tailored mesoporous silicas and the resultant impact on chemical reactivity. First, we explore the impact of pore confinement on the thermochemical reactivity of phenethyl phenyl ether (PhCH2CH2OPh, PPE), which is a model of the dominant β-aryl ether linkage present in lignin derived from woody biomass. The influence of PPE surface immobilization, grafting density, silica pore diameter, and presence of a second surface-grafted inert “spacer” molecule on the product selectivity has been examined. We will show that the product selectivity can be substantially altered compared with the inherent gas-phase selectivity. Second, we have recently initiated an investigation of mesoporous silica supported, heterobimetallic oxide materials for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide. Through surface organometallic chemistry, isolated M-O-M’ species can be generated on mesoporous silicas that, upon irradiation, form metal to metal charge transfer bands capable of converting CO2 into CO. Initial results from studies of Ti(IV)-O-Sn(II) on SBA-15 will be presented.
Increasing the Photocatalytic Activity by Mechano-chemically Milling on Zn- Doped TiO2
Authors: Li Chennan , Srinivasan Sesha , Algarin Paula , Kislov Nikolai , Phani Ayala , Stefanakos Lee , Goswami Yogi
Published: January 2010

This paper pursed one new cost effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic activity of the sol-gel developed Zn doped TiO2 by mechano-chemically milling in high energy planetary mill. The results showed that the photocatlytic activity was improved two times due to the increase of the surface area and the decrease in average crystallite size at the same time after using the high energy ball milling. Kubelka-Munk spectra of pristine and ball milled samples revealed a blue shift from 3.2 eV to 3.35 eV, which may be because of the presence of quantum size effects. SEM microstructural investigations revealed variations in the surface morphology with different Zn doping concentrations in the TiO2-Xwt.% Zn nanoparticulates. EDS spectra of these samples confirmed the stoichiometric concentration of Zn. Other characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface and the photocatalytic decomposition were also studied and the results were in agreement with each other.
Fabricating Nanocomposite Catalysts through Interfacial Fusion of Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Choi Yong-Jae , Chen Tsan-Yao , Chiu Chi-Kai , Luo Tzy-Jiun Mark
Published: January 2010

Fusion of metallic nanoparticles at both surfaces of silica colloids and nanoporous bulk materials has been utilized as an effective method to integrate inorganic and organic components into nanocomposite materials. When performed on substrates that have been modified with hydrophobic functional groups, aminosilica colloids doped with metallic nanoparticles through the ethylenediamine functional groups adhere to the substrates and self-assemble into nanocomposite film with its thickness to be the function of the time. On the contrary, without metal-bound functional groups, fusion of metallic nanoparticles can be induced at the interface of nanoporous silica when polymer is utilized as the mobile phase for metal nanoparticles inside of silica. Formation, mobilization, and fusion of metallic nanoparticles within the polymer phase can be simultaneously induced at 160 ˚C, during which reactions alter the physical appearance of the materials from transparent to silver metallic color. These two methods can combine with soft-lithography method to create functional structures that exhibit enhanced electrochemical property.
Single Step Morphology-controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Etacheri Vinodkumar , Georgekutty Reenamole , Seery Michael K , Pillai Suresh C
Published: January 2010

Silver nanoparticles having different size and plasmon resonances were synthesized through a single step aqueous based method. The current procedure was based on the reduction of silver ions by ascorbic acid in the presence of sodiumborohydride and trisodium citrate. Triangular colloidal nanoparticles having different plasmon resonances (and hence different size and colours) were synthesized by varying only the concentration of ascorbic acid. These nanoparticles were found to be stable without using any surfactants or polymers. This study revealed a strong correlation between particle growth and concentration of constituent chemicals. Crystallinity and phase purity of the silver samples were investigated through powder X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). Absorption spectra of various silver particles were recorded using UV/Vis/NIR spectrometer. Morphological analysis was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and average edge lengths of nanoparticles were also calculated.
Synthesis and catalytic application of ceria nanoparticles and ceria-SiC composites
Authors: Schrage Christian , Kockrick Emanuel , Kaskel Stefan
Published: January 2010

The synthesis of ceria nanoparticles using an inverse microemulsion technique and precipitation method was investigated. Ceria nanoparticles were synthesized by adding diluted ammonia to a microemulsion consisting of n-heptane, Marlophen NP5 and cerium nitrate. The micelle and particle size were adjustable in the range of 5-12nm by varying the molar ratio of water to surfactant and analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). After isolation through precipitation, the nanoparticles were subsequently treated at 100-600 °C. The catalytic activity of particles annealed at 400 and 600 °C were tested in soot combustion reactions and characterized by temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) indicating a size-dependant activity. To prevent the nanoparticles from aggregation, the microemulsion technique was adopted to integrate the nanoparticles homogeneously into a mesoporous SiC matrix through the use of a preceramic polymer. The obtained composite material was also tested in soot combustion reactions.
Development of Switchable “Smart” Biomaterials Using an Environmental Friendly Technology
Authors: Barroso Telma , Viveiros Raquel , Costa Eunice , Temtem Márcio , Casimiro Teresa , Aguiar-Ricardo Ana
Published: January 2010

The possibility of using three dimensional porous networks as microreactors for synthesizing thermoresponsive polymers and hydrogels in a CO2 environment is an important breakthrough in the strategies to prepare smart films, membranes and porous bulky devices that undergo fast reversible changes in surface properties triggered by external stimuli. In situ synthesis of thermoresponsive polymers namely, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly (N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) within chitosan (CHT), collagen (CLG) and chitosan-collagen (CHT:CLG) blended scaffolds were performed in order to further impregnate with model drugs. The performance of these switchable release devices was evaluated through the study of drug release kinetics as a function of temperature and pH. The same methodology was successfully applied to produce thermoresponsive polysulfone-based membranes.
Controllable Mesopore-size and Outer Diameter of Silica Nanoparticles Prepared by a Novel Water/Oil-Phase Technique
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Kaihatsu Yutaka , Iskandar Ferry , Okuyama Kikuo
Published: January 2010

Tunable pore size and outer particle diameter of spherical mesoporous silica particles in the nanometer range were successfully synthesized using a novel water/oil-phase synthesis technique. This method involves (i) simultaneous hydrolytic condensation of tetraorthosilicate to form silica and polymerization of styrene into polystyrene (PS), (ii) self-assembly nanocluster silica and nanocluster PS to form silica/PSL nanoparticle, and (iii) calcination process to remove organic components and to produce mesoporous silica particle. In this study, an amino acid (e.g. lysine) was utilized to catalyze and to maintain the silica formation due to its ability in covering prepared silica after reaction. Further, another advantage of this catalyst is more harmless than other catalysts (e.g. ammonia, N2H4). The result showed spherical particles with controllable pore size (from 4 to 15 nm) and outer diameter (from 20 to 80 nm) was produced. The ability to control pore size and outer diameter was drastically altered by adjusting the concentration of styrene and hydrophobic molecules, respectively. After the preparation of particle was understood clearly, the large-molecule-adsorption performance of the prepared porous particles was conducted. As expected, relatively large organic molecules (i.e. Rhodamine B) were well-absorbed in the prepared sample but not by the commercial non-porous particles. With this reason, the prepared mesoporous silica particles may be used efficiently in various applications, including electronic devices, sensors, pharmaceuticals, and environmentally sensitive pursuits, due to its harmless process, compatibility for bio-application, and excellent adsorption properties.
Fabrication,Transport and Raman Studies of Pulsed Laser Deposited Al/Ga Doped PBCO Thin Films
Authors: Kandel Hom R , Chen Tar-Pin , Seo Hye-Won , Iliev Milko , Wadekar Paritosh , Cui Jing-Biao , wang Shouzheng , Watanabe Fumiya , Chen Quark , Li Zhongrui , Yuan Lixi , Norman Dever
Published: January 2010

We have fabricated highly resistive materials PrBa2 (Cu1-xMx) 3O7 (M=Al, Ga, x = 0.20) by doping metals Ga and Al on PrBa2Cu3O7(PBCO). X-ray data indicated no significant second phases in substituting Cu by Al or Ga up to 20%.The electrical resistivity of these materials were three to four orders in magnitude higher than PBCO at 200K, which may give an effective potential barrier to YBCO in high Tc S-I-S Josephson junction. Epitaxial thin films of these materials were grown using KrF excimer laser on LAO (110) single crystal substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were deployed to study the crystal orientation, epitaxy and roughness of the single crystal thin films. Micro Raman spectroscopy was carried out to investigate the dopant site in PBCO.
In-Situ Measurement of Actuation in Thin Films of Conducting Polymers
Authors: Montemayor Lauren C. , Pillai Priam Vasudevan , Hunter Ian W
Published: January 2010

Conducting polymer materials can be developed as muscle-like actuators for applications in robotics, micro-electro mechanical systems, drug delivery systems etc. These materials are available in a large number of different varieties that can be synthesized and processed in different ways. However, their applications as actuators are limited due to the inability to create conducting polymer materials with robust mechanical properties. Currently most of the dynamic mechanical analysis technologies require the polymer created to be free standing and able to withstand large stresses. This severely limits the development of new materials with potential actuator applications. In this study, a technique to measure the actuation of polymers in the electrochemical deposition environment is described. This allows testing of an electrochemically grown conducting polymer sample on the surface of the deposition electrode itself. Thin polypyrrole films (2 to 20 microns thick) doped with tetraethylammonium hexaflourophosphate were grown on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. These films were then tested on the surface of the glassy carbon using a custom built electrochemical dynamic mechanical analyzer. A square wave potential (+/- 0.8 V) is applied to the films that results in the actuation of the films. The films are able to generate a changing force of 3 mN of force against a 0.1 N sensor preloaded at 5 mN. The resulting magnitude of the measured force is a function of the film thickness while the change in force due to actuation is approximately constant.
Piezoresistive Cantilever Optimization and Applications
Authors: Doll Joseph C. , Park Sung-Jin , Harjee Nahid , Rastegar Ali J. , Mallon Joseph R. , Petzold Bryan C. , Hill Ginel C. , Barlian A. Alvin , Pruitt Beth
Published: January 2010

Piezoresistors are commonly used in microsystems for transducing force, displacement, pressure and acceleration. Silicon piezoresistors can be fabricated using ion implantation, diffusion or epitaxy and are widely used for their low cost and electronic readout. However, the design of piezoresistive cantilevers is complicated by coupling between design parameters as well as fabrication and application constraints. Here we discuss analytical models and design optimization for piezoresistive cantilevers, and describe several applications ranging from studying electron movement using scanning gate microscopy to measuring the biomechanics of whole organisms.
Microwave Absorbing Ferrite Thin Films for Microwave Heating of Microstructured Reactors
Authors: Gao Pengzhao , Rebrov Evgeny V. , Schouten Jaap C. , Kleismit Richard , Cetnar John , Subramanyam Guru , Kozlowski Gregory
Published: January 2010

Nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 thin films have been synthesized with various grain sizes by sol–gel method on polycrystalline silicon substrates. The morphology and microwave absorption properties of the films calcined in the 673–1073 K range were studied by using XRD, AFM, near–field evanescent microwave microscopy, coplanar waveguide and direct microwave heating measurements. All films were uniform without microcracks. The increase of the calcination temperature from 873 to 1073 K and time from 1 to 3h resulted in an increase of the grain size from 12 to 27 nm. The complex permittivity of the Ni-Zn ferrite films was measured in the frequency range of 2–15 GHz. The heating behavior was studied in a multimode microwave cavity at 2.4 GHz. The highest microwave heating rate in the temperature range of 315–355 K was observed in the film close to the critical grain size of 21 nm in diameter marked by the transition from single– to multi–domain structure of nanocrystals in Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 film and by a maximum in its coercivity.
Deposition Profile Control of Carbon Films on Patterned Substrates using a Hydrogen-assited Plasma CVD Method
Authors: Nomura Takuya , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Setsuhara Yuichi , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru
Published: January 2010

We have studied effects of H atom source on deposition profiles of carbon films, deposited by H assisted anisotropic plasma CVD method. Deposition rate normalized by that for the aspect ratio of 1 at sidewall and bottom decreases with increasing discharge power of H atom source from 0 W to 500 W, because the incident H atom flux per surface area in a trench increases and H atoms etch carbon films.
Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices in Thermoplastic Elastomeric Materials for DNA Detection on Thermal Plastic Substrate
Authors: Li Kebin , Brassard Daniel , Normandin François , Miville-Godin Caroline , Geissler Matthias , Roy Emmanuel , Veres Teodor
Published: January 2010

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based microfluidic devices integrated with a microfluidic pumping manifold which consists of 4 electromagnetic valves (EMV) were fabricated. The back and forth shuttling flow and its application in the DNA hybridization process were validated on a thermal plastic Zeonor 1060R substrate. The flow rate can be as fast as 23μl/min when the channel width and the channel height are in 100μm, and 25μm, respectively. The DNA hybridization process is detected by using a fluorescence microscopy. Remarkable DNA hybridization is achieved with the continuous flow of the target DNA at a concentration of 10 nM within the first 1 min by using this device.
Indentation Crystal Plasticity: Experiments and Multiscale Simulations
Authors: Chang Hyung Jun , Fivel Marc , Verdier Marc
Published: January 2010

This work aims at a quantitative simulation of instrumented indentation test based on physics of crystal plasticity. Indentation loading is associated with a complex 3D deformation path: it can be viewed as an ideal benchmark to test various crystal plasticity assumptions. For large scale indentation (micron size), a 3D numerical simulation using finite element crystal plasticity (FEM) is setup and quantitatively compared to experimental results using critical constraints: the load/stiffness-displacement curves and the surface displacements. Various set of parameters obtained from Dislocation Dynamics (DD) are used. A comparison with experiments shows the dominant effect of initial dislocation density and slip system interactions.
For smaller depth (maximum 100 nm), Dislocation Dynamics coupled simulations to FEM are setup. Since this approach does not provide defect nucleation rules, several strategies are implemented and tested: fitting to Molecular Dynamics (MD) load-depth curve for spherical tip, or automatic generation of deformation accommodating dislocation (GND) for conical tip geometry for example. In this framework, size effects show up in the modification of the dislocation structures with depth through critical expansion of dislocation loops and junction formation.
Development of a Biaxial Tensile Module at Synchrotron Beamline for the Study of Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Films
Authors: Le Bourhis Eric , Girault Baptiste , Renault Pierre-Olivier , Goudeau Philippe , Geandier Guillaume , Thiaudière Dominique , Randriamazaoro Rado N , Chiron Rémy , Faurie Damien , Castelnau Olivier
Published: January 2010

We have developed on the DIFFABS-SOLEIL beamline a biaxial tensile machine with synchrotron standard for in-situ diffraction characterization of thin polycrystalline metallic film mechanical response. The machine has been designed to test cruciform substrates coated by the studied film under controlled applied strain field. Technological challenges comprise the fixation of the substrate, the generation of a uniform strain field in the studied (central) volume, the operations from the beamline pilot. Tests on W and W/Cu multilayers films deposited on polyimide substrates are presented.
One Step Nano-Selective Area Growth of Localized InAs/InP Quantum Dots For Single Photon Source Applications
Authors: Gogneau Noelle , Le Gratiet Luc , Hostein Richard , Fain Bruno , Largeau Ludovic , Patriarche Gilles , Beaudoin Gregoire , Elvira David , Beveratos Alexios , Robert Isabelle , Sagnes Isabelle
Published: January 2010

We demonstrate the feasibility of a new approach of Nano Selective Area Growth (Nano-SAG) to precisely localize InAs/InP QDs, by low-pressure Metalorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). This approach is based on a partial patterning with a dielectric mask containing nano-openings. The two main advantages of MOVPE are: the important diffusion length of the active species and the inhibition of growth on the dielectric mask. We demonstrate the synthesis of localized nanostructures with high structural properties and the precise control of their dimensions at the nanometer scale. This allows in principle the precise control of the tunability of the emission length.
Monte Carlo Modelisation of Photoexcited Carriers Relaxation Including Auger Effect in Narrow Band Gap InGaAs
Authors: Tea Eric , Aniel Frederic
Published: January 2010

The Auger effect is one of the fastest recombination mechanisms in narrow band gap semiconductors at high carrier concentration. This regime is of great interest for high efficiency hot carrier solar cells application and is also involed in many optical devices. Therefore, the knowledge of this limitting process is required for the determination of carrier lifetime useful to accurate solar cell efficiency calculations. For the first time, we present a carrier lifetime study versus carrier concentration in InGaAs based on a Monte Carlo model where the Auger effect is included as a relaxation mecanism.
A New Bio-Inorganic Nanocomposite Membrane for Glucose-Modulated Release of Insulin
Authors: Gordijo Claudia Regina , Shuhendler Adam Jason , Wu Xiao Yu
Published: January 2010

This work focuses on the development of a new bio-inorganic nanocomposite glucose-responsive membrane to be applied as a single self-regulated platform for insulin delivery. Crosslinked bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based membranes were prepared containing impregnated pH-responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) nanoparticles (hydrogel NPs), glucose oxidase (GOx), catalase (CAT), with or without MnO2 NPs. The membrane acts as a glucose sensor and insulin release attenuator. In this system glucose is oxidized by GOx to produce gluconic acid, which regulates the permeability of the membrane to insulin. CAT and/or MnO2 NPs are introduced into the membrane in order to quench unwanted H2O2 produced by GOx turnover cycles, which can cause inactivation of GOx and toxicity. The glucose-modulated insulin release through the membrane is determined by alternating glucose concentration between 100 – 400 mg/dL (normal and hyperglycemic levels, respectively). The results show that the combination of CAT and MnO2 NPs in the membrane formulation leads to better efficiency in quenching the H2O2 and better long-term stability of GOx than using either alone. Very small amounts of insulin permeate though the membrane at the normal blood glucose level while a four-fold increase in the release rate is observed when glucose concentration is raised to a hyperglycemic level. The release rate of insulin drops when the glucose level is reduced to a normal value. These results demonstrate the self-regulated capability of the system.
Thermosensitive Core-Shell Microgel as a “Nanoreactor” for Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Yan , Ballauff Matthias
Published: January 2010

In our study, thermosensitive core-shell microgel particles have been used as the carrier system for the deposition of metal nanoparticles, in which the core consists of polystyrene (PS) whereas the shell consists of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) network crosslinked by N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS). Silver, gold and palladium nanoparticles have been homogeneously embedded into thermosensitive PNIPA-networks, respectively. We demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the microgel-metal nanocomposites can be tuned by the volume transition within the microgel of these systems by using the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol as the model reaction. Moreover, following the concept of a “green chemistry”, the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones can be carried out in aqueous solution under aerobic conditions at room temperature by using microgel-metal nanocomposites as the catalyst. The influence of temperature on the catalytic activity has been also investigated, which will be affected both by the volume transition of the microgel and by the change of polarity of the microgel in this case.
Religion Studies
Authors: Goldburg Peta
Published: January 2010

As a religious educator I am passionate about the teaching of religion in the school sector and I see the Study of Religion as a critical component in the education of all students. I believe all schools should teach religion; that all students should be engaged in the critical study of religion; and that we need continually to shape and re-shape the ways in which religion in schools is taught. The paper is in three sections. The first section comments on the teaching of religion in schools and in particular traces the shift in teaching styles from enfaithing (Lovat 2002) approaches to educational approaches. The second section centres on the development of Study of Religion courses in the senior years of secondary schools and the growing popularity of such courses. In the third section, I will offer a critique of current practice in the area of Study of Religion in schools and suggest some ways forward which I believe will strengthen the teaching of Study of Religion.
Little Buddha and Gandhi Go to School
Authors: Kameniar Barbara
Published: January 2010

In this paper, I analyse two different feature films used by four religious education teachers when they taught a unit of work on Buddhism. I engage elements of postcolonial theory to make visible racialised and gendered elements of each of the films that may not be immediately apparent to the viewer. I describe the different approaches each of the teachers took up when they utilised the films during the unit, and then highlighted how the two films assisted the teachers to teach white, middle class, heterosexual and gendered Christian subjectivities whilst simultaneously not explicitly teaching Christianity. The paper concludes by suggesting that a Critically Engaging Creative Arts approach might assist teachers to better engage with popular film in the future.
Interpreting Religion
Authors: O'Donoghue Michael
Published: January 2010

Scholars of religion and western Muslims have been accused of glossing over the aggressive interpretation of jihad in Islam in order to make the religion more palatable to a western audience. This paper argues that the accusation is based on a narrow understanding of the available hermeneutical strategies and, by exploring some of the interpretative tradition, highlights the point that religions are rich reservoirs of meaning developed in multiple contexts. As living traditions religions can, and do, call on different meanings from this reservoir.
Religion and Public Reason
Authors: De Vietri Raphaël
Published: January 2010

Using Audi’s argument for secular public debate as a starting point, which argues for the exclusion of religion from individuals’ public political discourse, this paper argues that it is a fundamental obligation of all citizens in a pluralistic liberal democracy to adhere to a notion of ‘public reason’. It does not, however accept Audi and Rawls’ interpretations of the notion of public reason uncritically. Through a comparative study of both philosophers’ principles, a new interpretation of the notion is put forward which focuses on epistemic sources as the crucial criteria for deciding what counts as public reason.
Secreting Religion
Authors: Lahood Gregg
Published: January 2010

I present narratives from nine women describing the special events of consciousness they experienced during childbirth. These narratives are discussed in terms of transpersonal psychology. Most of the women interviewed spoke of a meaningful encounter with death and this will be explored as the primary catalyst for such events. I will also outline how these events seem to suggest a unique category of transpersonal consciousness particular to birth-giving women for which the term ‘reproductive consciousnesses’ will be tentatively designated.
Birth as a Spiritual Initiation
Authors: Moloney Sharon
Published: January 2010

In Western, industrialised culture, menstruation and birth are generally seen as medical concerns. Women learn to detach from their menstrual rhythms which become associated with shame, pathology and the profane. Obstetric medicine, which is widely accepted as the norm for our birth practices, does not regard spirituality as its remit. Yet pre-patriarchal and non-patriarchal cultures have revered both menstruation and childbirth as spiritual phenomena. My doctoral research examined the links between Western cultural attitudes to menstruation and spirituality, and women’s experiences of birth. Using the Organic Inquiry methodology, I conducted ten interviews and seven groups with Australian women to explore the spirituality of their female body experiences. My findings reveal that despite the presence of patriarchal constraints, some women transcended the cultural givens and discovered the ecstatic potential of their embodied spirituality. Menstruation was experienced as a sacred connection with the Divine and birth was a transformative opening to Spirit.
Midwiving the Spirit
Authors: Bailey Jennifer
Published: January 2010

Based on my case study of a metropolitan clinic in Southern Ontario, I argue that Ontario midwives are able to meet the needs of religiously and culturally diverse populations. A sizeable majority of study participants embraced diverse religious or spiritual practices and stated that these were complimented by midwifery care. While some clients reported a perception that midwives were willing to accept religious or spiritual perspectives as legitimate in the context of birth, others choose midwives because a religious investment in the virtue of modesty motivated them to seek out a female caregiver. I argue that by practicing the core values of Ontario midwifery (informed choice, continuity of care, and choice of birthplace) and being willing to accept multiple knowledge systems as valid, Ontario midwives enable women to direct the course of their care according to religious or spiritual beliefs and practices.
W. Randolph Tate, Biblical Interpretation: An Integrated Approach.
Authors: Young Ian
Published: January 2010

W. Randolph Tate, Biblical Interpretation: An Integrated Approach. Hendrickson, Peabody, MA, 3rd ed., 2008, pp. xix+380, ISBN 9781598560800. R
Odors of Sanctity: Distinctions of the Holy in Early Christianity and Islam
Authors: Thurlkill Mary F.
Published: January 2010

Medieval scholars and cultural historians have recently turned their attention to the question of ‘smells’ and what olfactory sensations reveal about society in general and perceptions of holiness in particular. In this paper, I examine how early Christians and Muslims linked notions of the ‘sweet smell of sanctity’ with ideas of the body and sexuality. I demonstrate that early Christians associated the body’s sweet smells with salvation and spiritual transformation usually linked with asceticism. Early Muslims associated the body’s odors of sanctity with purity.
From the Bodies of Bees: Classical and Christian Echoes in  Surat al-Nahl
Authors: Foster Andrew , Kueny Kathryn
Published: January 2010

Within Surat al-Nahl, the bee, like the very earth and God’s most privileged human hierophants, receives a direct revelation from the Lord. This revelation consists of a series of injunctions: go to your homes, eat of the earth’s fruits and “follow the trodden paths of the Lord.” These key elements of the Sura’s meditation upon the bee resonate very strongly with Classical and Christian ideas about the nature and habit of bees. Just as the Sura privileges the bee to communicate directly with God and to live an ideal life, throughout Graeco- Roman Antiquity the bee was similarly thought to be a creature particularly endowed with a divine nature and entrusted with divine revelation. And like their perfectly obedient Muslim counterparts, the Classical bee offered a paradigm for life and how to live it. And yet, Muslim exegetes both Sunni and Shi'i are hardly satisfied to merely import a pre-fabricated trope into their discourse as their rich interpretive tradition elaborates the bee’s rhetorical valence and symbolic power to make the insect wholly their own.
Islam, Muslims and Arabs in the Popular Hollywood Cinema
Authors: Kozlovic Anton Karl
Published: January 2010

This is the age of Hollywood, yet, the pedagogic utilisation of popular films as a legitimate extra-ecclesiastical resource for the study of religion is frequently ignored, unappreciated or under-utilised. To thrive in the post-Millennial period, however, the religion professions need to integrate movies proactively into the educational curricula that go beyond their traditional deployment as visual aides, diversionary entertainment or student pacification. Applied cinema studies can thus contribute significantly to interreligious understanding, cooperation and peace-building, particularly the exposition of the many anti-Islamic messages embedded within the films of the West. Using textually based, humanist film criticism as the guiding analytical lens, the critical literature was reviewed and the popular Hollywood cinema scanned to reveal selected (mis-)representations of Islam, Muslims and Arabic culture in general. Both deconstructive and constructive issues were addressed. It was argued that: (a) the Hollywood hermeneutic is a viable pedagogic resource for the classroom, home and pulpit, (b) popular films can be profitably employed as a legitimate mode of interreligious dialogue, and (c) Islamic sacred subtexts should be constructed

to spread the message of God further afield. Additional research into

the emerging interdisciplinary field of religion-and-film was recommended.
Brazilian Literature on Ayahuasca Religions
Authors: Labate Beatriz Caiuby
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this text is to provide an overview of Brazilian literature on the principal ayahuasca religions of Brazil: Santo Daime, the Barquinha and the União do Vegetal. To this end, the article offers the most exhaustive survey available of the university theses that have been produced on the subject, published or not; it also deals with various research projects in progress and a few articles which have been chosen for their particular importance. Beyond that, we shall comment on several works of a non-academic nature produced by adepts of ayahuasca religions. This effort to provide an overview of the whole area is especially important since the majority of the studies about the topic are scattered, many of them have not been published and are difficult to obtain. The article is organized in two parts. The first part comments on the academic works. Generally speaking, the anthropological works deal with the uses of ayahuasca from the point of view of beliefs and symbolic systems, touching particularly on topics such as syncretism, shamanism, and healing.
Use of Ayahuasca among Rubber Tappers of the Upper Juruá
Authors: Pantoja Mariana Ciavatta , Silva da Conceição Osmildo
Published: January 2010

The article is the fruit of co-authorship between an anthropologist with long research experience in the area of the Extractivist Reserve of the Alto Juruá, in the far west of the state of Acre in the Brazilian Amazon, and a rubber tapper who was first introduced to ayahuasca in the context of a rubber camp. His initiation has elements of non-indigenous and indigenous culture and results in a quite original synthesis, which is narrated in the first-person at the beginning of the article. The article traces the history of the introduction of ayahuasca, or cipó (vine), among the rubber tappers of the Alto Juruá in their relations with indigenous populations and their pajés (shamans), highlighting those rubber tappers who distinguished themselves as apprentices and became healers renowned among their contemporaries. Beginning in the 1980s the use of cipó occurs in the context of the struggle of rubber tappers against the rubber bosses, and ayahuasca mysticism merges with political conflict. New syntheses take place, now with the introduction of elements of the religious doctrine of Santo Daime.
Underlying principles of organizational competence
Authors: Yates Roberts , Kenkel James
Published: January 2010

We argue that a cognitive perspective provides an understanding of the principles underlying the communication of L2 learners. Specifically we propose that learners’ knowledge of organizational competence, the ordering of information in sentences to construct texts, is principled and underlain by language and communicative universals. We assume that knowledge of language is modular; there are two basic principles that all learners have access to. There is a universal pragmatic principle based on Relevance Theory and universal principles of ordering based on the Basic Variety. We show how these assumptions provide insight into the non-target-like structures in texts composed by low-level L2 learners
On the need for a new understanding of language and its development
Authors: Larsen-Freeman Diane
Published: January 2010

Applied linguists have quite naturally turned to linguists’ theories for their conceptions of language. Until recently, dominant theories in linguistics have encouraged applied linguists to view language as an abstract, static system. However, static views of language are not especially helpful when it comes to language teaching, language acquisition and other areas that applied linguists study. An alternative view, one inspired by Chaos/Complexity Theory (C/CT), sees the language resources of speakers as a dynamic network of language-using patterns – emergent, mutable and self-organizing – and their development within language learners not as an act of conformity, but rather as continuing dynamic adaptedness to a specific context. C/CT is centrally concerned with describing the mutual constitution of a system and its development, thus overcoming the dualistic thinking that is fostered by considering language apart from its access or use. It also counters the tendency to portray learner language as being an incomplete and deficient version of native speaker language. Finally, it addresses the ‘inert knowledge problem’, which results when language is taught as a system of fixed rules. There are a number of new theories that are much more compatible with a C/CT way of viewing language, and applied linguists would do well to consider them.
‘We’re just fillin’ in the blanks’
Authors: Platt Elizabeth , Brooks Frank B.
Published: January 2010

We propose an alternative view to the metaphor ‘access to the linguistic system’ for the study of early stage adult L2 learning, drawing on a sociocultural theoretic perspective and taking a microgenetic analytic approach to our data. We believe a reciprocal process called internalization/externalization aptly describes the performance of L2 learners during problem-solving tasks, and has explanatory potential for theory-building in L2 learning. Our data come from transcriptions of videotaped task performance by two of very early stage L2 Swahili learners. Our tasks required them to jointly identify the direction of Point B from Point A on a map of a fictitious East African village. They found the task very challenging, despite its conceptual simplicity. Our questions are: • What evidence exists of the internalization/externalization process cycle in carrying out the map tasks? • How does this cycle better capture the processes underlying learners’ task performance than the term access? We begin with an overview of the theoretical framework, then explain relevant concepts and describe the background, data collection and analysis. The findings section portrays the two learners’ performance in terms of ways they successfully enacted the task. The discussion and conclusions sections follow with implications for theory building in Second Language Learning.
What access? Which system?
Authors: Lier Leo Van
Published: January 2010

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Translated hypermodality
Authors: Calzada-Perez Maria
Published: January 2010

The present paper revolves around the notions of hypermodality and translation under the current globalizing scenario. The first section of the paper presents a basic framework of analysis devised within multimodal/hypertextual paradigms, drawing mainly on Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996), Lemke (2002), Lim (2004), Cheong (2002), Askehave and Nielsen (2004), among others. The second section applies this framework to the study of electronic ‘translational material’. Thus, section 2 is devoted to a set of webpages devised by Procter and Gamble, which play the role of new electronic forms of advertising. These webpages result from a combination of different kinds of translational processes which are discussed at some length with the help of the hypermodal framework proposed earlier. In short, the present paper places itself in the midst of our current globalized (i.e. dematerialized) environment – where technical advances result in new textual typologies, where there is an increasing exchange of translation material and where cross cultural hypermodality simply cannot be avoided.
Towards evaluative meaning-making through enactive role play
Authors: Ho Caroline M.L. , Ong Amilyn M.H.
Published: January 2010

This paper is an exploratory study into enhancing students’ critical thinking and argumentation skills through enactive role play in a virtual environment. Specifically, it focuses on the construction of evaluative expressions within a community of 17-18 year old Singaporean participants in the Second Life virtual world. Drawing on Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal framework, the investigation delves into how participants overtly encode through linguistic means the virtual roles which they enact as they challenge, defend or persuade each other where appropriate. Participants’ evaluative meaning-making practices are reflective of the argumentation process at work through the virtual role-play. The study also examines paralinguistic cues adopted by participants. Form-function analysis of features such as facial expressions, head movements, body gestures in the virtual dialoguing offers a study of the interplay of these modalities as strategic devices which enhance to varying degrees the nuances of evaluative meaning-making in the virtual environment. Pedagogical implications of our findings are discussed.
School Supervisors’ Feedback to Student Teachers
Authors: Le Phuong Thi Anh
Published: January 2010

This paper presents an analysis of 23 post-classroom observation discussions between 15 EFL student teachers and 23 school supervisors in six high schools in Vietnam and individual interviews with these participants. The analysis was aimed to describe linguistic features of the supervisors’ feedback regarding turn taking and speech act patterns and the participants’ perceptions of the tone of the feedback. Findings showed a considerable imbalance in the lengths of the turns taken, with school supervisors doing much more talking and using few compliments directed at student teachers’ teaching. In fact the criticisms predominated and were not always as well-received by the student teachers as the supervisors thought. The student teachers were divided in their feelings about the feedback they received and while many felt somewhat discouraged, they did not reveal this to their supervisors. These findings raised awareness among teacher trainers about the importance of the tone and language features in their feedback and gave some indications of what linguistic areas in supervisors’ discourse should be targeted in attempting to develop supervisors’ ability to give effective and acceptable feedback to student teachers.
Where do they stand? Spatial arrangement of patient companions in geriatric out-patient interaction in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Mei-hui
Published: January 2010

Using 69 medical encounters collected in southern Taiwan, this research examined two issues related to spatial configurations in geriatric triads: the entering sequence of elderly patients and their companions and the spatial arrangement for companions in the consultation room. The main findings include the following. The prevalent entering sequence of patients entering the room followed by their companions (78.3%) reflects the elderly patient’s role as the legitimate party for medical service, a dependent on the companion, and a superior/senior family member to their adult child. Exceptions to this sequence also suggest a potentially marked relationship, e.g., companions with a hidden agenda, of doctor’s acquaintance, or without close rapport with the patient. As most companions’ physical locations are not arranged by doctors (87%), they tend to stand near the door (47.8%) or between doctors and patients (20.3%). These two configurations reflect a fast opening pattern observed in Taiwanese context, in which neither companions’ identities are introduced nor are their physical positions arranged. This research sheds light on cross-cultural studies by showing how socio-economic variants shape verbal and nonverbal interaction in medical encounters.