bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Historical Perspective Through the Lens of the Islamic City Theory: Konya Example
Authors: Navruz Mücahit
Published: October 2024

The concept of the Islamic city elucidates the spatial structures specific to Islam religion and civilization, deeply influencing the lives of Muslims. Despite geographical, ethnic, and cultural diversities, it has been observed that the fundamental influence of the religion shaped similar urban formations in the Islamic geography. A key determining factor in the transition from traditional bedouin tribal life to urban civilization is the need for more suitable settlements to meet the multifaceted requirements and rituals of Islam. Societies embracing Islam have restructured their ways of life, with mosques becoming centers of worship, simultaneously reshaping legal, administrative, educational, and commercial structures, thereby becoming central to urban life. Islamic cities, reaching their zenith during the Golden Age of Islam, gradually weakened over time during the processes of modernization/secularization, with the rise of rational/bureaucratic powers diminishing their role as the primary shaping force of space. Konya, representing the characteristics of the Islamic city during the Seljuk and Ottoman Empires, underwent significant transformations approaching the modern era, affecting its physical, social, economic, and administrative fabric. Particularly in the Republican era, the Islamic city features were sidelined due to modernist spatial shaping, but have recently regained importance with the emergence of Islamic political movements and approaches by National Vision (Milli Görüş) municipalities. This study examines the Islamic city from a historical perspective, highlighting common characteristics of Islamic cities worldwide, scrutinizing the erosive effects of secularization/modernization trends on the Islamic city, specifically focusing on Konya, and finally evaluating recent revitalization policies directed towards the Islamic city in Konya.
SIA Criteria Compliance of Third Bosphorus Bridge(Yavuz Sultan Selim) Social Impact Assistment
Authors: Velioğlu Nimet
Published: October 2024

Social, economic, cultural conditions and living systematics that differ according to these, deepen the human-environment relationship. This relationship brings along human’s tendency to the environment through positive or negative activities. Therefore; determining the impact of politics, law, planning and the implementation conditions of these on the environment and human’s health has become crucial. When the environmental impact of the activities in point are determined, it brings forth the possibility to prevent potential damage on the environment. Various impact evaluation systems exist around the world. In our country, Environmental Impact Assestment (EIA), Strategic Environmental Impact Assestment(SEA), Cumulative Environmental Impact Assestment(CIA) and Social Impact Evaluation (SIA) systems are implemented.
In the process of project permits in our country, there exists legal regulations which enforce EIA, SEA, CIA. However, there is an absence of social impact evaluation enforcement in the project permission process in Turkey. Even though EIA, SEA and CIA are mandatory in legislation and execution, the social impact of these projects are not stressed adequately. Consequently, even in the existence of mandatory EIA, SEA and CIA by Turkish legislation, foreign investors reinforcing credit on politics, programs, plans and projects do not consider these as sufficient and enforce SIA to be included.
There is a lack of standard implementation model to evaluate social impact which could be applied to every project. Due to the weakness and non-existing basic criteria in Turkish legislation on SIA in plans and projects, in this study, the SIA reporting has been prepared by benefiting the social approval criteria and comprehensive studies conducted by certain institutions such as UN, OECD and the World Bank. The sample project bridge, which is the widest bridge in the world with its 52 metre width and “Worlds topmost bridge” in the leaning sling bridge classification with its 322 meter tower height, unites the Asian and European continents to each other. The project with such importance, do not hold EIA, SEA, and CIA reports which evaluates environmental and social impact. The project only holds the SIA report which was conducted in 2013 by international finance institutions and the report was evaluated according to the criteria for social approval. Along with the evaluations on the sample field, suggestions has been set forth for the SIA implementations in Turkey.
Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries
Authors: Cebeci Mazlum Esra
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint in MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkiye) for the years 2003-2022. First of all, the cointegration relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund (2016) panel cointegration. As a result of the cointegration analysis, it was concluded that the variables were cointegrated. The long-term relationship was estimated by the DOLSMG method. According to the DOLSMG estimator, it was determined that a 1% increase in the human development index in MINT countries reduced the ecological footprint by 1.89%, a 1% increase in urbanization increased the ecological footprint by 0.22%, and a 1% increase in economic growth increased the ecological footprint insignificantly. Secondly, the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality analysis. According to the findings, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between ecological footprint and urbanization in MINT countries. Additionally, the findings of the study show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from ecological footprint to human development index and a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to ecological footprint.
Correlation between portal hypertension and somatic constitution: rationale behind the concept
Authors: Zharikov Yury O. , Voloshin Ilia A. , Maslennikov Roman V. , Gadzhiakhmedova Aida N. , Zharikova Tatiana S. , Nikolenko Vladimir N.
Published: October 2024

Portal hypertension, one of the serious consequences of liver cirrhosis, contributes to the aggravation of complications such as ascites, varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach and anterior abdominal wall, splenomegaly and hepatic encephalopathy.
This review article evaluates the biomolecular mechanisms that determine the role of human constitutional characteristics as a prognostic factor for portal hypertension and the course of liver cirrhosis. A search for publications and an analysis of literary sources was conducted using the PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases, mainly for the last 10 years. A search for publications was performed by keywords, as a result of which 6418 works were found (3623 full-text papers), 108 publications were studied, of which 23 publications were referenced.
The analysis of papers resulted in the identification of one of the leading biomolecular mechanisms that determine the correlation between the constitutional features of the body, namely, an increased endomorphic component, and the risk of developing portal hypertension. The greatest influence on the endomorphic component of body composition derives from proinflammatory factors, insulin resistance and the absence of insulin sensitization syndrome caused by food intake.
Clinical and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with disease dynamics
Authors: Safronova Yana A. , Charkina Marya A. , Pan'kov Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2024

Aim – to study the clinical and immunological indicators of COVID-19 convalescents 1 and 3 months after the disease in dynamics with the determination of predictors of the development of changes in the lungs.
Material and methods. The object of the study was 35 patients aged 22 to 75 years in the dynamics of COVID-19 disease, divided into two groups according to the identified clinical and immunological disorders. Markers of cellular (CD-3, CD-4, CD-8, CD-19) and humoral immunity, cytokines (IL-6,8, TGF-β, TNF-α), CEC were determined in all examined patients. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software suite.
Results. It was found that all the subjects retained clinical and immunological changes during the entire follow-up period, which indicates an ongoing disease. At the same time, significant differences in the severity of changes in individuals were revealed, taking into account age and the presence of chronic somatic pathology, expressed primarily in violation of the parameters of the T-system of immunity. In patients with the development of post-Covid changes in the lungs, characteristic immunological features were revealed, taking into account age.
Conclusions. A violation of the identified indicators of the immune system may indicate the persistence of the virus, which means a prolongation of a specific inflammatory response with the risk of extensive tissue damage. The tendency towards the formation of humoral immunity persists in both groups within three months after recovery. Humoral immunity was formed by the end of 1 month after the disease in both groups and continued to persist throughout the entire follow-up period. In the risk group for the development of pneumofibrosis in the outcome of a new coronavirus infection, the combination of IL-8 and TGF-β is the most optimal, despite their significant decrease in dynamics compared with the acute period.
Patient Blood Management (PBM) é o Futuro da Terapia Transfusional
Authors: Romilton Viana
Published: October 2024

Editorial trata das vantagens do gerenciamento do sangue do paciente (PBM) em relação às transfusões sanguíneas,
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Spontaneous Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients: Cross-Sectional Observational Study and Literature Review
Authors: Daniel Pazos Pinto  , Filipe Quadros Costa  , Alina Coutinho Rodrigues Feitosa
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Spontaneous hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL unrelated to insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of spontaneous hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) in adult patients admitted to Hospital Santa Izabel in 2023. Additionally, a narrative review was conducted to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, main contributing factors, and mortality associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study reviewed an electronic medical record database of adult patients. Capillary blood glucose measurements from patients admitted to general wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and emergency services at Hospital Santa Izabel (HSI) in 2023 were analyzed. A narrative review was also performed through a non-systematic PubMed search using the terms hypoglycemia, mortality, hospital, and individuals without diabetes. The search yielded 61 articles, which, along with reference analysis, brought the total to 81 articles. After excluding duplicates and studies irrelevant to the topic, 10 articles were selected for analysis. Results: In 2023, HSI recorded 6,609 episodes of hypoglycemia, accounting for 2.63% of the blood glucose measurements. The prevalence of spontaneous hypoglycemia in the reviewed articles ranged from 0.01% to 0.51%. Spontaneous hypoglycemia occurs more frequently in ICU patients and the elderly. Common risk factors included heart failure, renal failure, malignancy, and pre-existing diabetes. Severe conditions such as cirrhosis, multiple organ failure, polytrauma, and sepsis were also associated with hypoglycemia. Moreover, spontaneous hypoglycemia was linked to higher mortality, with 5 out of 10 studies showing mortality rates 2 to 3 times higher in patients who experienced at least one episode. This association was not commonly observed in insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Conclusion: Spontaneous hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients is a rare event, typically associated with severe acute conditions and advanced age. It is more frequently linked to higher mortality compared to medication-induced hypoglycemia, with mortality rates correlating with the severity of the hypoglycemic episodes.
Isquemia e Angina com Artérias Coronárias Não Obstrutivas: Uma Revisão Atualizada
Authors: Yago Santana de Oliveira  , Marcelo Góes Alves da Silva  , Ramon Lima Machado de Santana
Published: October 2024

Angina com artérias coronárias não obstrutivas (ANOCA) e isquemia com artérias coronárias não obstrutivas (INOCA) representam entidades clínicas que desafiam as abordagens tradicionais de diagnóstico e manejo da doença arterial coronariana. Estas condições são causadas por anormalidades estruturais e funcionais da microcirculação coronária, incluindo disfunção endotelial, inflamação e espasmo coronário, que resultam em isquemia miocárdica ou dor torácica anginosa, na ausência de estenoses significativas nas artérias epicárdicas. Este artigo revisa as bases fisiopatológicas da ANOCA e INOCA, destacando os mecanismos subjacentes, os desafios no diagnóstico, os avanços nos testes funcionais e as opções terapêuticas mais atuais. Também abordamos o papel de novas técnicas diagnósticas e a importância de uma terapêutica multidisciplinar para o manejo de pacientes.
Leaks e Fístulas Pós-Cirurgias Esofagogástricas: Avanços Recentes
Authors: Luis Fernando Pinto Johnson  , Daniel Sadigursky Ribeiro  , Marcos Dantas Morais Freire
Published: October 2024

Fístulas e leaks pós-cirurgias esofagogástricas são complicações graves associadas a alta morbimortalidade, aumento do tempo de internação e dos custos hospitalares. A incidência dessas complicações pode chegar a 30% e o manejo delas é complexo, envolvendo uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Recentemente, avanços significativos foram alcançados no manejo dessas complicações, com o desenvolvimento de técnicas endoscópicas, como o uso de clipes over-the-scope (OTSC), stents metálicos autoexpansíveis (SEMS), drenagem interna endoscópica e terapia de vácuo endoscópico com resultados promissores. O uso individual e por vezes combinado dessas técnicas tem mostrado bons resultados. Embora o manejo continue desafiador e não haja um protocolo universal estabelecido, a personalização do tratamento com base nas características do paciente e do defeito parece ser o futuro do tratamento dessas complicações. Este artigo revisa os avanços recentes no tratamento de fístulas e leaks pós-gastrectomia, com foco nas técnicas endoscópicas e suas implicações na prática clínica moderna.
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Orofaringe: Como Estadiar pelo TNM e Orientar Cirurgia Robótica Transoral (TORS) – Ensaio Iconográfico
Authors: Cristiane Abbehusen  , Carolina Abbehusen Castelo Branco
Published: October 2024

O CEC é a neoplasia mais comum da orofaringe e o estadiamento TNM é utilizado para a decisão terapêutica. Nesta atualização, são exemplificados os achados de imagem que devem ser descritos nos laudos radiológicos em relação ao tumor primário e a disseminação linfonodal, baseados no estadiamento TNM e nos critérios cirúrgicos para indicação de TORS.
Fibrose Cística em Paciente Adulta: Relato de Caso
Authors: Almerio de Souza Machado Júnior  , Tainá Guimarães Cardoso  , Gabriela Magalhães Lima Barreto  , Antônio Bruno Castro Magalhães Valverde  , Fernanda de Souza Silva Dantas  , Juliane Penalva Costa Serra  , Jorge Humberto Ardila Serra  , Ceila Beatriz Oliveira Menezes  , Bruno Dantas Santana  , Jamocyr Moura Marinho
Published: October 2024

A Fibrose Cística (FC) é uma doença de alta morbidade e mortalidade e tem como causa básica a alteração do gene da proteína chamada de Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana da FC (CFTR), esta proteína provoca um aumento da viscosidade das secreções pulmonares, o que favorece a obstrução das vias respiratórias e infecções pulmonares graves. Até 2012 o tratamento era baseado na expressão fenotípica dos pacientes, quando surgiram medicamentos moduladores da CFTR, com melhoras importantes nos sintomas e na sobrevida dos pacientes com esta doença. Este relato descreve um caso avançado de FC e enfatiza que a exacerbação tratada adequadamente traz benefícios rápidos. Além disso, a instituição do modulador CFTR melhora a doença pulmonar muito rapidamente.
Oclusão Aguda de Tronco de Coronária Esquerda Durante Ablação de Arritmia Centricular: Relato de Caso
Authors: Daniel Gomes Braga dos Reis  , Marina Chetto Coutinho Bispo  , Ramon Lima Machado de Santana  , Ricardo Peixoto Oliveira  , Marcelo Goes Alves da Silva  , Bráulio José Baraúna de Pinna Júnior  , Thiago Silva Marques  , Carlos Manoel de Oliveira Figueiredo
Published: October 2024

Introdução: Extrassístoles ventriculares são frequentes na população. Assintomáticas em sua maioria, podem estar relacionadas a palpitação e taquicardiomiopatia. Quando representam >10% dos batimentos em 24h se relacionam a sintomas e risco de disfunção ventricular. O tratamento farmacológico com betabloqueadores pode não ter efetividade em parte dos pacientes. A ablação por cateter das arritmias ventriculares pode ser curativa nesses casos e, embora segura, pode estar associada a sérias complicações. É relatado um caso de paciente com severa complicação aguda durante ablação transcateter de arritmia ventricular.
Detecção de Vírus Causadores de Encefalite e Predominância do Chikungunya na Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Mateus Santana do Rosário
Published: October 2024

A encefalite é uma condição neurológica grave frequentemente causada por vírus como herpesvírus e enterovírus. Entretanto, o vírus Chikungunya (CHIKV) também emergiu como um agente relevante, especialmente em áreas endêmicas. Neste estudo, conduzido em 12 hospitais da Bahia, Brasil, entre 2020 e 2022, analisamos amostras de 43 pacientes com encefalite. O CHIKV foi identificado em 23,1% dos casos, sendo o agente mais prevalente. Os achados destacam a importância do CHIKV como causa significativa de encefalite, sugerindo a necessidade de vigilância contínua para arbovírus na região.
Yakov Denisovich Petrov: Smolensk Teacher
at the Head of the Regional Pedagogical University
during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Popov Michail , Shitov Andrej
Published: October 2024

In this publication, the authors continued their work on the study of the
personality of the director of the Sverdlovsk State Pedagogical Institute, Yakov Denisovich Petrov, who held this post more than anyone else who headed this university, and his role in the development of the system of higher pedagogical education in the Sverdlovsk region. Based on the materials identified by the authors and previously unknown
materials deposited in archival institutions of the Sverdlovsk and Smolensk regions,
the authors analyzed in detail the features of the early biography of the
director of the institute. This allowed us to fully answer questions related to Petrov's
social background, which in the 1920s and 1930s was one of the main criteria
for evaluating the political and business qualities of a communist and an
employee for party and Soviet officials. And his gradual advancement up the career
ladder: from a rural teacher to an experienced manager.
At the same time, the authors abandoned the historical-party approach in
consecrating the work of the Sverdlovsk Pedagogical Institute in the early years
of Ya.D. Petrov's official activity, which is characteristic of Soviet historians. The
personal participation of the director in solving the personnel and material problems
of the university is specially investigated. The authors draw readers' attention to the fact that Petrov's solution of state tasks for the development of higher pedagogical education in the Sverdlovsk region and improving its quality in the most difficult conditions of the war years were quite successful. In many ways,
this was the result of the rich work experience that Yakov Denisovich had accumulated
during his years working in the public education system of the Smolensk region and in the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR.
Ways to Form a Literary Reputation: F.G. Klopstock in Russia in the 19th Century
Authors: Sibirtseva Vera
Published: October 2024

The given article is devoted to the reconstruction of the apologetic literary reputation of F.G. Klopstock. Klopstock is a canonical author in the history of literature; his work has not received due attention in Russia. Literary reputation is a multidimensional phenomenon. It develops under the influence of various factors and can be the result of random circumstances. Klopstock is a great sentimentalist and epicist; his work is included in the curriculum of educational institutions of the 19th century. But there are almost no translations into Russian. Serious studies of the works of the German poet in Russia were created only in the 20th century. This article is based on the fundamental works of N.I. Rozanov and I.A. Reitblat and analyzes the paradoxical nature of Klopstock’s literary reputation.
The image of the poet, discreetly outlined by N.M. Karamzin acquires the features of a saint under the pen of subsequent critics. A review of translated critical reviews of Klopstock shows ways of distorting the original. Klopstock is deliberately described as an ideal pious poet. The article describes the beginning of the formation of Klopstock's literary reputation: the most important stage that influenced the German poet's entry into the reading circle of a cultured person in Russia in the 19th century. Consistent attempts to place Klopstock within the convenient framework of great epics lead to peculiar results: Klopstock enters the circle of compulsory educational reading and at the same time disappears from the field of view of literary scholars. Until the mid-twentieth century, Klopstock remained a canonical literary name without due attention from researchers.
«They Held Each Other in a Communicative Clinch»: a Showdown in Football Fans’ Subculture (by the Example of the Revier Derby Schalke 04 vs Borussia Dortmund)
Authors: Belyutin Roman
Published: October 2024

The article considers cases of verbal conflict between football fans of competing clubs. The issue is analysed by the example of the famous German (Revier) derby in which the teams Schalke 04 (Gelsenkirchen) and Borussia (Dortmund) participate. The author gives account of the origin of the discourse of rivalry between the two clubs and their fans, characterizes the derby from the point of view of sports mass media, football fans, etc. The article states a great diversity of linguistic means, styles, genres used by fans of Schalke and Borussia to achieve communicative aims, of which the main is to humiliate, offend, downgrade in a communicative clinch the so-called ‘others’, attribute negative qualities to them, besmirch them in the eyes of people around (first and foremost representing the fan culture) and so on. It distinguishes the most frequent patterns of creating ‘tension’ and provocative modality in the analyzed discourse – intertextuality, metaphorization, play on words, mixing discourses. The author emphasizes linguistic creativity of both clubs’ fans in creating conflict speech acts, stresses comic attitude in many messages, whereby humour is employed to disguise offense. As a direction for further research the author proposes surveying the discourse of rivalry in fan subculture by the example of famous derbies held in other countries. Instances are given to demonstrate verbal attacks on an adversary in the communication of the Moscow clubs Spartak’s and CSKA’s fans. The methods used are discourse, contextual, stylistic, semantic, linguistic and cultural, axiometric analysis
Semantically Modified Proverb in the System of German-language Virtual Communication
Authors: Shitikova Anshelika
Published: October 2024

The object of study in the article is the German proverb Ohne Fleiß kein Preis in the German-language virtual communication system, namely Germany, Austria, Switzerland. The subject of research is the types of semantic modifications of the above sentiment. The purpose of the study is to highlight the features of the functioning of the semantically modified form of the proverb on the information and advertising portals of Germany, Austria, Switzerland. The theoretical part of the article describes the specifics of the linguistic aspect of virtual communication, which replaced the traditional one together with its own language laws and rules; and the role and place of the proverb fund in the new system. In the second part, examples are given, the goals of using the semantically transformed proverb in articles, notes, messages on the sites of the German-speaking Internet space are indicated. The study conducted on the basis of a descriptive method and a selective type of linguistic analysis is based on the concepts, methods and results of modern paremiology and the works of such paremiologists as V.P. Zhukov, V. Mider, H. Walter, V.M. Mokienko. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that modified proverbs are a rarer phenomenon in virtual space than conventional ones, but more remarkable and interesting from a linguopragmatic point of view. A detailed description and analysis of the methods of modifying the German proverb, as well as its functioning in the context of virtual communication, will help students of the German language to understand more deeply the linguoculturological features of the proverb fund of the language and apply the knowledge gained for successful communication.
Smolensk in the Book Tradition of Russia of the XVI Century
Authors: Pashkova Irina
Published: October 2024

The article examines a number of ancient Russian works dating back to the XVI century, in which Smolensk is at the center of the narrative. On the basis of indirect data, the author concludes about the possibility of the appearance of these plots on the Smolensk land, possibly in the form of folk legends, and then the emergence of a literary version based on them, recorded in the sources of the XVI century. The appearance of these plots in the XVI century was not accidental. In 1514, Prince Vasily III of Moscow annexed Smolensk to his possessions. The annexation of an ancient Russian city with a rich history and tradition required legitimization. Literature has become a way of including Smolensk in the ethnocultural space of the Moscow state.
Vyazma’s Merchant Savva Timofeev Son Altukhov:
the Problem of Determining the Personality
and Motivation of the Temple-Builder of the 18th Century
Authors: Bespalenok Elena
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the little-studied problem of merchant temple building in a provincial Russian city of the 18th century using the example of Vyazma.
The author applied anthropological, systemic and critical approaches. In the 18th
century, donations for the construction of churches became a characteristic feature of the daily life of the merchant elite. The focus of the study is the history of
the Vyazma merchant-temple builder S.T. Altukhov. The example of this merchant
shows what problems a historian may encounter in the process of research. A
critical approach to the publications of the 19th century made it possible to make a more plausible assumption about the date of construction of the Vyazma temple,
for which the merchant Altukhov donated his capital. Establishing the identity of
the merchant, determining the approximate date of his birth, the composition of
the merchant family were studied on the basis of a comprehensive study of the
materials of the first and second revisions, as well as parish registers. The problem of motivation for the temple-building activity of the merchant S.T. Altukhova
is considered on the basis of the study of archival documents from the fund of the
Chief Magistrate. When working on the article, the funds of the Russian State
Archive of Ancient Acts and the State Archive of the Smolensk Region were used.
This article develops the topic of articles about the Vyazma merchant-temple
builders of the 18th century, published by the author earlier.
The Image of the Small Homeland in the Lyrics of Modern Smolensk Poets
Authors: Koroleva Inna
Published: October 2024

The article examines the question of the peculiarities of Smolensk poetry, in which one of the main motives is to show the image of the small homeland, the native Smolensk region. The main features of the Smolensk poetic school, highlighted by the famous Soviet critic, native of Smolensk Adrian Vladimirovich Makedonov back in 1960, are determined. The poetic work of one of the brightest modern poets of the Smolensk region – Yuri Vasilyevich Pashkov – is analyzed. Based on the opinion of Makedonov, it is proved that Pashkov belongs to the followers of the Smolensk poetic school, especially one of its founders, Nikolai Ivanovich Rylenkov.The activity of Pashkov is shown as the organizer of the famous literary association of the modern Smolensk region, which was named by the poet «Spring». Based on the example of the analysis of the poetic lines of some representatives of «Rodnik», a tendency to continue to show the image of the small homeland in modern Smolensk poetry is noted.
Aphoristics of N.S. Gumilev
Authors: Korolkova Angelika
Published: October 2024

The article talks about the aphoristic heritage of N.S. Gumilev. Sayings are included both in Gumilev's literary texts and in journalism, are contained in articles on literary theory and in literary criticism, as well as scientific and popular science articles related to his travels. In the corpus of N.S. Gumilev's aphoristics, as in the aphoristic heritage of any author, the historical and nationalcultural component is important, since the sayings illustrate the author's worldview, his belonging to a special national linguistic culture. In the poet's poetic aphorism, the whole human life is represented with deep personal contradictions. The theme of Gumilev's aphorisms represents the ideological foundations of his works, reveals value orientations, as well as the genesis of his personal development. It should be noted that the poet's aphorism reflects multiple contradictions of a philosophical nature. It can even be argued that the inconsistency of Gumilev's aphorisms is a striking feature of the corpus of his sayings. Gumilev's aphorism is a reflection of his conceptual picture of the world, allows us to take a different look at his artistic work, the deepest inner world, to see the consistent development of his creative and literary–critical thinking.
Influence of Extralinguistic Factors on the Formation of Oikonymy in Kaliningrad Region
Authors: Peteshova Olga
Published: October 2024

This article studies the impact of such factors as the size and the location of a settlement and the time of its renaming as well on the choice of new oikonyms made by the Soviet authorities when the settlements of the Kaliningrad region were renamed after the inclusion of the eastern Prussian territories into the USSR. 2497 acts of renaming were selected and studied. The author examines the connection of each factor with the preferred methods of coordination of the original and new geographical names, with the share of natural-geographical and memorial oikonyms in the corresponding samples, and for the «time» factor the share of migrant toponyms and ideological names is also considered. As a result of the «time» factor study it was revealed that the sequence of the most common methods of coordination fully coincide at different stages of renaming while the share of ideological names decreases over the time. In addition, it was discovered that the share of coordination tends to increase in the groups selected according to the «size» factor together with the increase of the population of the settlements. Finally, while «place» factor was considered it turned out that onomastically uncoordinated areas are located in the southeast of the region, while onomastically coordinated ones form a line stretching from the north to the south of the region slightly shifting to the west. The obtained results prove the fact that extra linguistic factors influence the process and the results of massive renaming in the field of oikonymy.
Raylike Subject Model of Text Deauthorization in Media Genres (in English and Belarusian)
Authors: Basovets Irina
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to construct a raylike subject model of text deauthorization based on the material of English and Belarusian media texts of information genres with the identification of common and distinctive features. In the result of analysis of the ways in which the subject components of deauthorization structures are located in news articles and interviews using the modeling method, methods of semantic and contextual analysis, the raylike subject model of text deauthorization is constructed, which exhibits similar and distinctive features in the compared English and Belarusian media texts. The characteristics of the analyzed model that are common to the compared media cultures are established: structural and semantic parallelism of deauthorization structures, the presence of similar narrating subject groups, the dichotomy of opinions of specialists and non-specialists. Different features of the analyzed model in the compared media cultures are identified, which relate to the nature of the dominant pragmatic marking and the formal-referential characteristics of the subject components in deauthorization structures. The genre specificity of the studied model in the interview texts is revealed, where a new version of raylike subject model is discovered, in which two collective opinions are contrasted on the principle of «we» vs «strangers», while a number of fortifying discursive signals are used to strengthen the we-position.
Köller's Motifs as a Style Marker: Comparative Analysis Original – Translation
Authors: Andreev Sewrgey
Published: October 2024

The article sets the task of conducting a comparative study of the original text and its translations using the technique of supersegmental units. The latter were taken as units, which are defined as sequences or «motifs» and are formed by analyzing the order of units in the text. Motifs are a tool for analyzing the author’s style and make it possible to give a quantitative description of stylistic features, comparison and classification of the styles of various authors. These possibilities of motifs are used in this article to compare a number of stylistic features of one of the best poems by the famous romantic poet John Keats, «The Eve of St. Agnes», and two translations of this work, made by famous poets-translators Sergey Sukharev and Evgeniy Vitkovsky. Sequences of attributes of various types were used to form motives. The study is quantitative in nature and various statistical measures were used (Euclidean distance, chi-square, correlation coefficient). As a result of the analysis, a level of similarity and a number of differences in the manner of rendering the original in the translations were established.
Evaluative Vocabulary Denoting Dishonest Behavior in the German Language
Authors: Basyrov Shamil
Published: October 2024

Unfaithfulness and betrayal have always been viewed as a crime from a moral standpoint and received negative evaluation since they were associated with a violation of loyalty to a common cause, the bonds of solidarity, friendship, camaraderie, love, fidelity, and deserting to enemy. Great sages and righteous people considered betrayal and delations as a terrible evil. This article deals with the semantics and structure of stylistically marked vocabulary denoting dishonest human behavior in the German language, in particular a delation, treason, adultery, betrayal etc. Many words of the semantics under analysis have an emotional and expressive connotation which has occurred through metonymic and metaphorical transfers of inanimate objects or animals, birds to humans. The metonymic model «a clothing item – a name of a person based on this clothing item» demonstrates high productivity in this regard. A distinctive differentiation of German nouns by subject and/or object of delation is due to the peculiarities of their word formation structure: composites are typically used to nominate informants of a certain organisation, and non-derivative (root) words are characterised by a broad context of use. In axiological terms, the vocabulary under analysis is of a distinct pejorative character which indicates the negative attitude of German linguistic culture towards delations, treason, adultery, betrayal and those who committed them. The derivation of evaluative vocabulary occurs according to the models and methods of formation of German literary language. Substantive lexemes are productively formed by suffixation and compounding, and verbs by a prefixal method respectively. As a further research perspective, it is proposed to consider this issue in a comparative aspect.
An Attempt to Reform the Civil Rank System in the Russian Empire
in 1883–1885
Authors: Galtsov Valery , Makey Artem
Published: October 2024

Based on new data from unpublished documents of the Russian State Historical
Archive (RSHA), this study examines the activities of the Special Secret Meeting,
which developed a draft of a new Civil Service Statute from 1883 to 1885. This document
proposed fundamental reforms to the Russian system of ranks, including the
complete abolition of ranks and their replacement with a hierarchy of positions.
However, due to disagreements between ministries, the project was not approved by
the State Council. The study of interdepartmental and intradepartmental documents
from higher and central state institutions, using event analysis, chronological, and
retrospective research methods, revealed the institutions' attitudes towards the draft
statute and identified the reasons for their refusal to adopt it. The findings of this
research broaden our understanding of the reasons behind the failures of attempts to
reform the civil service repeatedly made in the Russian Empire throughout the 19th
and early 20th centuries.
The relevance of the research topic lies in the traditional interest in the historical
experience of the functioning of the bureaucratic apparatus of the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries, in the context of increased interest from
various researchers in the activities of the modern Russian state mechanism.
Belarusization in Russian Regions in the 1920s
in Modern Russian Historiography
Authors: Kobets Olga
Published: October 2024

The article presents a historiographical review of publications on the policy
of Belarusization carried out in the Russian regions in the 1920s. This work does
not address the publications of Belarusian and foreign researchers on the practice
of implementing the new Soviet national policy within the territorial borders of the Belarusian Republic. The main attention is paid to the three Russian provinces bordering
Belarus – Pskov, Smolensk and Bryansk. At the same time, the eastern territories
of the RSFSR – the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East, where Belarusians
found themselves as a result of the resettlement policy, especially at the beginning
of the 20th century during the Stolypin agrarian reform, were not ignored.
Belarusization, as part of the general policy of Korenization, proclaimed in
1923 at the XII Congress of the Russian Communist Party (b), in modern research
is closely linked to the need to show new principles and directions of Soviet national
policy for the development of Belarusian statehood and culture in contrast to the
all-out polonization carried out by the Pilsudski government in Western Ukrainian
and Belarusian lands ceded to Poland by the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921. A significant
role in this process was assigned to the expansion of the state borders of the
BSSR at the expense of Russian territories, especially in 1924 and 1926.
However, Belarusization did not find any real support from the local authorities,
who considered Belarusians to be part of the Russian population until the
end of the 1920s, as well as due to the significant self-Russification of the Belarusian
population in the Russian regions that had already taken place by the middle of
the decade. Formally, these tasks were constantly on the agenda of the party and
Soviet authorities in the second half of the 1920s. But they have not received any
significant practical implementation.
English Nationalism and the Study of the History of Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maxim
Published: October 2024

The author in the presented article analyses the features and directions of
development of English academic historiography, focused on the history of England
before 1066, as a form of political memory. It is assumed that UK political
elites do not pursue memorial politics in its classical forms. Therefore, the author
notes that the role of a similar historical policy in Europe and in England is
played by academic historiography.The purpose of the study is to analyse the role, place and significance of research focused on the history of Anglo-Saxon England in the context of the development of memory policy and memorial culture. The novelty of the research lies in the study of academic historiography as a form of
historical policy in a society where there are institutions of memory and memorial
laws.The article shows that 1) Anglo-Saxon narratives in modern memorial culture
have become a form of nationalist historical interaction, 2) actors and agents
of English politics are both historians and the intellectual community in general,
since the ruling elites distance themselves from participation in the politics of
collective historical memory, 3) Anglo-Saxon narratives in the historical general
began to show interest in English cultural nationalism, since its political forms and dimensions are undeveloped.It is suggested that academic historians in modern England have become both important and forced participants in the politics of history, nationalizing history before 1066, drawing attention to the significance of the past in modern identity.The article shows that modern English historiography in the field of memory and memorial culture actually plays the role of a political expert and agent who shapes and promotes ideas about the past, instrumentalizing history as a political resource.
Party Leadership of the Partisan Movement
during the Occupation of Smolensk Region by Nazi Troops (1941–1942)
Authors: Ivanova Olga
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the most difficult, ambiguous
and contradictory issues of the Great Patriotic War – the party leadership of
the partisan movement in the Smolensk region in 1941–1942. Unfortunately, Soviet
historiography used to evaluate the party leadership of the deployment of the
guerrilla struggle exclusively in rosy tones, avoiding any critical assessments,
which distorted the real picture of events. Party leadership and influence was a
complex phenomenon. If at the level of ordinary party members heroism in the
fight against the enemy, the personal qualities of real communists manifested
themselves massively and everywhere, then confusion often reigned in regional
party organizations, there was a lack of discipline. This was the result of serious
failures in the leadership of the party members on the ground by the Smolensk
Regional Committee of the CPSU (b). At the same time, after the occupation of
the region, the regional committee had no systematic connection with district organizations
and did not lead the partisan movement for five months.
The situation began to change only after the defeat of the Nazis near Moscow.
The turning point was the IX Plenum of the Smolensk Regional Committee
of the CPSU (b) in April 1942, after which the systematic and active leadership
of the underground district committees and the partisan movement in the Smolensk
region began. But even then, in the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), in
the NKVD, the partisans (many of whom were surrounded) were looked at suspiciously,
with distrust. This can explain the enormous losses of the partisans in the
summer and autumn of 1942.
Thus, the thesis about the outstanding leadership role of the CPSU (b) in
the deployment of the partisan movement is significantly embellished and does
not correspond to reality.
Marina Tsvetaeva’s Poem «An Attempt at Jealousy»: a Comparative Analysis of Three Italian Translations
Authors: Kosta Erika
Published: October 2024

The aim of the paper is to analyse the translation strategies of three Italian translators (Pietro Antonio Zveteremich, Serena Vitale, Marilena Rea) who at different times addressed Marina Tsvetaeva’s poem «An Attempt at Jealousy». First of all, they considered the peculiarities of conveying the semantic potential of the text as expressed by lexical items. Translation is an arduous combination of meaning (implication of meanings) and structure (speech expression, Tsvetaeva’s original syntax, rhymes, alliteration, etc.). The aim of a translation strategy is to convey the meaning of the original text as appropriately as possible, although it is not easy to convey the rich metaphors and the «twists» and «distortions» of Tsvetaeva’s syntax in another language. The conclusion is that in all three translations the general meaning of Tsvetaeva’s poem has been preserved. Moreover, Vitale and Rea’s versions convey the significant sound component of Tsvetaeva’s texts. If Zveteremich’s translation strategy can be called a «formalist translation», Vitale and Rea’s translations convey not only the literal meaning of the original, but also the «subtext» (i.e. carry out an artistic and aesthetic function).
A Cycle of Poems about Armenia by R. Gamzatov
Authors: Nabigulaeva Marshanat , Murtazaliev Achmet , Bashirova Rosa
Published: October 2024

The subject of the article is the cycle of poems by R. Gamzatov about Armenia. This work represents the first detailed scientific study of the poetics of R. Gamzatov’s cycle of poems about Armenia. Using the example of the most striking works, the methods, techniques and means of expression used by the author to create the image of Armenia are identified. The poet describes the nature of this country, its song traditions, socio-political events, recreates the images of Armenian friends, sacred and iconic symbols for Armenia, its cultural objects and geographical topoi. The purpose of the article is to identify works from R. Gamzatov’s cycle of poems about Armenia, to conduct a philological analysis of the texts, to identify their genre specificity, and to determine the main motifs and images. The objectives of the work are to identify the themes and problems of poems about Armenia; their figurative and emotional-style similarities and differences from each other: determination of techniques and methods, as well as means of expression in realizing the image of Armenia. The study, carried out on the basis of the comparative method and the method of philological analysis of the text, led to the following conclusions: 1) in the cycle of poems by R. Gamzatov about Armenia, typical attributes are used, found in similar poems about Armenia by other authors (Ararat, Sevan, Matenadaran, Saryan); 2) a distinctive feature of the author’s feelings is admiration for nature, national cultural monuments and the creativity of literary and artistic figures of the Armenian people; 3) depending on the object and subject of the author’s attention, the mood and emotional tone of the works changes from lively, respectful, in love with the songs, music, and nature of Armenia to sad, sympathetic for the fate of this country and its long-suffering people. The results of the study can be used in further studying the work of R. Gamzatov. In addition, the article may arouse interest in wide circles, in particular in Dagestan-Armenian literary relations. This work can be used in teaching courses on the history of Avarian, Dagestan and Armenian literature.