bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNAs in endometriosis: Biological functions, expressions, and mechanisms
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiaojing , Wei Bing , Zhan Lei
Published: June 2020

Endometriosis refers to a benign chronic gynecological disorder, and is defined as the ectopic growth of endometrium in pelvic cavity. Endometriosis affects about 10% of reproductive‐aged women. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains obscure, and the disease witnesses a lack of effective therapy approaches. Therefore, more research needs to be performed to throw light on endometriosis, its pathogenesis, and therapy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are defined as functional cellular RNA longer than 200 nucleotides, have been implicated in many chronic disorders. It has been suggested that lncRNAs are closely related to the endometriosis process. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs associate with endometriosis should be elucidated more detailed. In our brief review, we first exhibit the aberrant lncRNAs expression in endometriosis. Then, we talk about the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs in endometriosis. Finally, we also present the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers for endometriosis.
Love Leads to Action: Short‐Term Mating Mindset Mitigates the Status‐Quo Bias by Enhancing Promotion Focus
Authors: He Yang , Cunha Marcus
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate that short‐term mating (STM) mindsets lead individuals to a preference for action over inaction, thus violating the status‐quo bias. We hypothesize, and provide supporting evidence through five experiments, that STM enhances one's promotion focus, which increases one's approaching tendencies and leads to the preference for actions against the status quo of affairs. This effect emerges independently of intrinsic product characteristics, such as the risk associated with gambling and investment decisions, and the signaling value of fashionable apparel. We also demonstrate that, for the STM mindset's effect on action‐against‐status‐quo behavior to take place, individuals must construe choice sets in the light of default vs. non‐default options, rather than mere side‐by‐side comparisons. Accordingly, upselling tactics and opt‐in offers might be effective implementations of the findings of this research.
The effects of cobalt and cerium promoters on hydrogen production performance of alumina‐supported nickel catalysts in propane steam reforming
Authors: Azizzadeh Fard Amir , Bazyari Amin , Alavi Seyed Mehdi , Aghamiri Ali Reza
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: The effects of Co and Ce promoters on the performance of Ni (10 wt%)–Co (0.0, 2.75, 5.5 wt%)/Ce (0.0, 5.0, 10.0 wt%)–Al2O3 catalysts have been studied for steam reforming of C3H8 (SRP). In this work, Ni (NO3)2 and Co (NO3)2 are co‐impregnated on the co‐precipitated Al2O3–CeO2 supports. X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis were accomplished to explain the SRP activity of the catalysts. The performance of the resulting catalysts was evaluated under the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 45 000 mL h‐1 gcat−1, T = 600 °C, steam/C3H8 ratio (S/C) = 3 and P = 1 atm.

RESULTS: The experimental findings revealed that Ce and Co promoters markedly improved the catalyst activity, stability and H2 yield of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The sample with 2.75 wt% Co and 10.0 wt% Ce showed highest C3H8 conversion, while maximum yield of H2 was obtained for catalyst containing 5.5 wt% Co and 5.0 wt% Ce.

CONCLUSION: Higher loadings of Co decreased C3H8 conversion and catalyst stability due to more coke formation on the catalyst surface, whereas Ce significantly improved catalyst resistance to coke deposition due to the enhanced Ni metal particles distribution over the support. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Zeolite biofilm aeration filter plays a pre‐nitritation role in autotrophic nitrogen removal from iron oxide red wastewater
Authors: Feng Xinghui , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Ruixin , Zheng Xuwen , Zhong Zhong , Chen Xiaozhen
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) system has excellent performance in treating ammonium‐rich wastewater and it depends on ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) working together with anammox bacteria in a reactor. Higher ammonium nitrogen loading requires higher aeration to provide sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) for nitritation, whereas high‐strength aeration in theCANON will destroy the sludge structure and inhibit the activity of anammox bacteria. The present study uses a stable pre‐nitritation system to reduce a part of nitritation and also decrease aeration intensity in the CANON.

RESULTS

Continuous aeration to maintain the DO concentration between 1.5 and 4.3 mg L–1 in the CANON achieved a stable nitrogen removal rate (1.22 kg N m–3 d–1) from iron oxide red wastewater with 400–1016 mg N L–1 after 183 days of operation. Using a mixed alkalinity donor [sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and bicarbonate (NaHCO3)] in the combined system can save ≈14.1–28.2% of the alkalinity cost compared with using NaHCO3 only.

CONCLUSIONS

A zeolite biofilm aeration filter (ZBAF) used in a pre‐nitritation process can tolerate high DO concentration of ≤6.5 mg L–1 for nitritation and avoid all of the nitritation taking place in the CANON system. This can protect the sludge structure and anammox bacteria from high‐strength aeration erosion. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Preoperative cholangitis is associated with increased surgical site infection following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Akashi Masanori , Nagakawa Yuichi , Hosokawa Yuichi , Takishita Chie , Osakabe Hiroaki , Nishino Hitoe , Katsumata Kenji , Akagi Yoshito , Itoi Takao , Tsuchida Akihiko
Published: June 2020

Background

Few reports describe the relationship between preoperative cholangitis and surgical site infections (SSIs) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We aimed to determine the association between the incidence of preoperative cholangitis and surgical site infection following PD.

Methods

The surgical outcomes of 359 patients who underwent PD were compared between patients with (n = 92) and without (n = 267) preoperative cholangitis. Bacterial cultures from the postoperative drainage fluid were examined. Risk factors for postoperative infectious complication were evaluated.

Results

The incidence of postoperative infectious complications including grade B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula was high among patients with preoperative cholangitis (P < .01). The positive rate of bacterial culture in the drainage fluid until postoperative day 3 (P < .01) and the detection rate of Enterococcus species (P < .01) were higher in the preoperative cholangitis group. The most common cause of preoperative cholangitis was drainage device dysfunction mainly with plastic stent occlusion. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative cholangitis (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 3.69; P = .02) was an independent risk factor for postoperative infectious complications.

Conclusions

Preoperative cholangitis significantly increased ascitic bacterial contamination and the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. after PD. Appropriate preoperative biliary drainage for the prevention of preoperative cholangitis is important for improving outcomes after PD.
Level of total bilirubin in the bile of the future remnant liver of patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing hepatectomy predicts postoperative liver failure
Authors: Uemura Shuichiro , Higuchi Ryota , Yazawa Takehisa , Izumo Wataru , Otsubo Takehito , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: June 2020

Background

We investigated whether the daily level of total bilirubin in the bile (LTB) excreted from the future remnant liver (FRL) can predict post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing hepatectomy.

Methods

Seventy‐four patients who underwent biliary drainage and collection of bile juice from the FRL before undergoing right hepatectomy or right/left trisectionectomy with bile duct resection were included. The LTB from the FRL (mg/d) was calculated as the volume of the bile (dL) per day multiplied by the density of total bilirubin in the bile (mg/dL). We compared patients' characteristics with or without PHLF, which was defined as the total serum bilirubin level remaining >10 mg/dL after postoperative day 10. Then, pre‐ and intraoperative factors related to PHLF were examined.

Results

PHLF was observed in six patients. LTB was significantly lower in the PHLF group. The LTB cut‐off value for predicting PHLF, as determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 56 mg/d. On multivariate analysis, LTB was found to be an independent risk factor for PHLF (P = .01, OR 35.88).

Conclusions

LTB may be a potential functional assessment in jaundiced patients before right hepatectomy and right/left trisectionectomy.
Effects of higher and more frequent dosing of alglucosidase alfa and immunomodulation on long‐term clinical outcome of classic infantile Pompe patients
Authors: Poelman Esther , van den Dorpel Jan J. A. , Hoogeveen‐Westerveld Marianne , van den Hout Johanna M. P. , van der Giessen Lianne J. , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. , Pijnappel W. W. M. Pim , van der Ploeg Ans T.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the long‐term outcome of classic infantile Pompe patients treated with 20 mg/kg alglucosidase alfa every other week (eow) to those treated with 40 mg/kg/week, and to study the additional effect of immunomodulation. Six patients received 20 mg/kg eow and twelve 40 mg/kg/week. Five patients were cross‐reactive immunologic material (CRIM)‐negative, two in the 20 mg, three in the 40 mg group. We compared (ventilator‐free) survival, motor outcome, infusion associated reactions (IARs), and antibody formation. From 2012 on patients >2 months in the 40 mg group also received immunomodulation with rituximab, methotrexate, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)‐naïve setting. Survival was 66% in the 20 mg group and 92% in the 40 mg group. Ventilator‐free survival was 50% and 92%. Both CRIM‐negative patients in the 20 mg group died, whereas all three are alive in the 40 mg group. In the 20 mg group, 67% learned to walk compared with 92% in the 40 mg group. At the age of 3 years, 33% and 92% were able to walk. Peak antibody titers ranged from 1:1250 to 1:31 250 in the 20 mg group and from 1:250 to 1:800 000 in the 40 mg group. Five patients of the 40 mg group of whom two CRIM‐negative also received immunomodulation. B‐cell recovery was observed between 5.7 and 7.9 months after the last dose of rituximab. After B‐cell recovery titers of patients with and without immunomodulation were similar (ranges 1:6 250‐1:800 000 and 1:250‐1:781 250). This study shows that classic infantile patients treated with 40 mg/kg/week from the start to end have a better (ventilator‐free) survival and motor outcome. Immunomodulation did not prevent antibody formation in our study.
Dysregulated expression of the alternatively spliced variant mRNAs of the mu opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, in the medial prefrontal cortex of male human heroin abusers and heroin self‐administering male rats
Authors: Brown Taylor G. , Xu Jin , Hurd Yasmin L. , Pan Ying‐Xian
Published: June 2020

Heroin, a mu agonist, acts through the mu opioid receptor. The mu opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, undergoes extensive alternative splicing, creating an array of splice variants that are conserved from rodent to humans. Increasing evidence suggests that these OPRM1 splice variants are pharmacologically important in mediating various actions of mu opioids, including analgesia, tolerance, physical dependence, rewarding behavior, as well as addiction. In the present study, we examine expression of the OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), one of the major brain regions involved in decision‐making and drug‐seeking behaviors, of male human heroin abusers and male rats that developed stable heroin‐seeking behavior using an intravenous heroin self‐administration (SA) model. The results show similar expression profiles among multiple OPRM1 splice variants in both human control subjects and saline control rats, illustrating conservation of OPRM1 alternative splicing from rodent to humans. Moreover, the expressions of several OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs were dysregulated in the postmortem mPFCs from heroin abusers compared to the control subjects. Similar patterns were observed in the rat heroin SA model. These findings suggest potential roles of the OPRM1 splice variants in heroin addiction that could be mechanistically explored using the rat heroin SA model.
Carbon nanotubes functionalized mesoporous silica for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Loussala Herman Maloko , Feng Juanjuan , Han Sen , Sun Min , Ji Xiangping , Li Chunying , Fan Jing , Pei Meishan
Published: June 2020

A mesoporous silica was functionalized by carbon nanotubes to enhance the extraction performance. The mesoporous material was coated on stainless steel wires, and three wires were inserted inside of a polyetheretherketone tube for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction. The tube was coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection to obtain online analytical system, then its extraction performance was evaluated using eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the targets. In order to good sensitivity and accuracy, four conditions were optimized such as sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol content in the sample, and desorption time. Under the optimum conditions, an online analytical method was established and exhibited low limits of detection from 0.005 to 0.050 µg/L, wide linear range of 0.016‐20.00 µg/L with acceptable correlation coefficients in 0.9921‐0.9999, as well as large enrichment factors in the range of 311‐2412. The method was successfully applied to determine trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some real water samples including, two kinds of bottled water, tap water, and river water, a few polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected but none quantified in these samples.
Resolving human DNA mixtures with F‐108 polymer and capillary electrophoresis single‐strand conformational polymorphism analysis
Authors: Jordan Deidra , Mills DeEtta
Published: June 2020

Current technologies have increased the sensitivity for analyzing forensic DNA samples, especially those considered “touch samples.” Because of this, there has been an increase in the number of forensic mixtures–two or more contributors within a single sample–submitted to the crime laboratories. Therefore, the need to resolve these mixtures has increased as well. Several technologies are currently utilized, but many of them are time consuming and do not resolve the entire profile. Therefore, CE‐Single‐Strand Conformational Polymorphisms coupled with the Pluronic F‐108 polymer was assessed for its ability to resolve human forensic mixtures. This technique has been able to detect sequence variation, such as single nucleotide polymorphism in short tandem repeat loci, such as D7S820 and vWA. Samples were first analyzed with the Performance Optimized Polymer‐7, and mixtures created from samples that shared alleles. These samples were sequenced to detect single base‐pair mutations and evaluated with the F‐108 and CE‐Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism analysis. Results from this study indicated the method would serve as a valuable screening tool to detect base sequence variation between individuals when they share alleles in a mixture and before using Massive Parallel Sequencing technology to distinguish which bases differ.
Layered double hydroxide/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) coated solid phase microextraction Arrow for the determination of volatile organic compounds in water
Authors: Li Xinpei , Lan Hangzhen , Hartonen Kari , Jussila Matti , Wang Xinghua , Riekkola Marja‐Liisa
Published: June 2020

Today, wide variety of adsorbents have been developed for sample pretreatment to concentrate and separate harmful substances. However, only a few solid phase microextraction Arrow adsorbents are commercially available. In this study, we developed a new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating, in which nanosheets layered double hydroxides and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) were utilized as the extraction phase and poly(vinyl chloride) as the adhesive. This new coating entailed higher extraction capacity for several volatile organic compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, 3‐pentanone, 2‐butanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone) compared to the commercial Carboxen 1000/polydimethylsiloxane coating. Fabrication parameters for the coating were optimized and extraction and desorption conditions were investigated. The validation of the new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating was accomplished using water sample spiked with volatile organic compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of quantification for the five volatile organic compounds by the new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating and developed gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method were in the range of 0.2‐4.6 ng/mL. The proposed method was briefly applied for enrichment of volatile organic compounds in sludge.
Comparative investigation of phytochemicals among ten citrus herbs by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and evaluation of their antioxidant properties
Authors: He Ying‐Jie , Zhu Meng , Zhou Ying , Zhao Kang‐Hong , Zhou Jia‐Li , Qi Zi‐Heng , Zhu Yan‐Yan , Wang Zhao‐Jie , Xie Tian‐Zhen , Tang Qi , Wang Yi‐Fen , Luo Xiao‐Dong
Published: June 2020

The citrus herbs have proved their important medicinal and nutritional values as medicine–food dual‐purpose herbs, functional foods, or medical herbs in China. In this study, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity among ten typical citrus herbs (ethanol extracts) were investigated comprehensively. The major ingredients and their contents were analyzed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and the differences of typical fragment ions between flavanone‐7‐O‐rutinoside(s) and flavanone‐7‐O‐neohesperidoside(s) were discriminated properly in negative electrospray ionization mode. Total polyphenols, total flavonoids, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power tests were performed, which indicated their beneficial values and antioxidant effects. The medicine–food dual‐purpose herbs including Chenpi, Juluo, Daidaihua, Huajuhong, Xiangyuan, and Foshou exhibited antioxidant capacities significantly by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species intensity (P < 0.01), enhancing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities (P < 0.01) in H2O2‐induced RIN‐m5F cells. Moreover, the functional foods Zhishi, Zhiqiao, and Qingpi showed moderate antioxidant bioactivity, while the medical herb Juhe showed weak antioxidant bioactivity, which were consistent with the multivariate analysis of their major flavonoids. The study provided a new sight for the chemical differentiation and practical application of citrus herbs as medicine–food dual‐purpose herbs, functional foods, or medical herbs.
A fast and green reversed‐phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and celecoxib in their newly approved fixed‐dose combination tablets
Authors: Abdel Hamid Mohamed A. , Mabrouk Mokhtar M. , Michael Mary A.
Published: June 2020

A fast, green, sensitive, and accurate analytical method using high‐performance liquid chromatography couple with fluorescence detection was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate and celecoxib in their recently approved fixed‐dose combination tablets (1:20). Separation of the two drugs was achieved on C18 reversed‐phase column (Thermo ODS Hypersil, 4.6 × 250 mm, particle size 5 µm) using acetonitrile:potassium phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 5.5, 60:40 v/v) as a mobile phase at 40°C, which eluted at a rate of 1 mL/min. Detection was carried out with excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 446 nm for amlodipine and 265 and 359 nm for celecoxib, respectively. The method was linear over a concentration range of 0.05‐2 and 0.05‐10 µg/mL and limit of detection reached to 0.017 and 0.0167 µg/mL for amlodipine and celecoxib, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to assess the cited drugs in their newly FDA approved fixed‐dose combination tablet dosage form. Furthermore, the method was found to be sensitive and eco‐friendly green alternative to the reported methods as it was evaluated according to the green analytical procedure index tool guidelines and analytical Eco‐Scale.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Veterans in Primary Care
Authors: Jain Shaili , Ortigo Kile , Gimeno Julia , Baldor Denine A. , Weiss Brandon J. , Cloitre Marylène
Published: June 2020

This randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of a five‐session version of Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) among veterans obtaining treatment in primary care. Veterans who screened positive for either posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression (N = 26) were enrolled and randomized into either five‐session STAIR or treatment as usual (TAU). Assessments of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5; PCL‐5), depression (Beck Depression Inventory–II; BDI‐II), emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; DERS), and social engagement difficulties (World Health Organization Disability Assessment 2.0; WHODAS‐2) were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3‐month follow‐up assessments. Participants assigned to the five‐session STAIR condition reported significant improvements on all measures, whereas those assigned to TAU showed no change. Group × Treatment interactions were significant for all outcomes, and effect sizes for the interactions ranged from moderate to large, Hedge's gs = 0.81 for the PCL‐5, 1.15 for the BDI‐II, 0.75 for the DERS, and 0.81 for the WHODAS‐2. The results indicate that five‐session STAIR, a brief, skills‐focused treatment, may be effective in reducing a range of symptoms and in improving social functioning among veterans treated in primary care settings.
Thermal decomposition of N2O near 900 K studied by FTIR spectrometry: Comparison of experimental and theoretical O(3P) formation kinetics
Authors: Pham Tien V. , Tsay T. J. , Lin M. C.
Published: June 2020

The spin‐forbidden dissociation reaction of the N2O(X1Σ+) ground state has been investigated by both quantum calculations and experiments. Ab initio prediction at the CCSD(T)/CBS(TQ5)//CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ+d level of theory gave the crossing point (MSX) energy at 60.1 kcal/mol for the N2O(X1Σ+) → N2() + O(3P) transition, in good agreement with published data. TheT‐ andP‐dependent rate coefficients,k1(T,P), for the nonadiabatic thermal dissociation predicted by nonadiabatic Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus (RRKM) calculations agree very well with literature data. The rate constants at the high‐ and low‐pressure limits,k1∞ = 1011.90exp (−61.54 kcal mol−1/RT) s−1andk1o = 1014.97exp(−60.05 kcal mol−1/RT) cm3mol−1s−1, for example, agree closely with the extrapolated results of Röhrig et al. at both pressure limits. The second‐order rate constant (k1o) is also in excellent agreement with our result measured by FTIR spectrometry in the present study for the temperature range of 860‐1023 K as well as with many existing high‐temperature data obtained primarily by shock‐wave heating up to 3340 K. Kinetic modeling of the NO product yields measured at long reaction times in the present work also allowed us to reliably estimate the rate constant for reaction (3), O + N2O → N2+ O2, based on its strong competition with the NO formation from reaction (2) which has been better established. The modeled values ofk3confirmed the previous finding by Davidson et al. with significantly smaller values ofA‐factor and activation energy than the accepted ones. A least‐squares analysis of both sets of data gavek3 = 1012.22 ± 0.04exp[− (11.65 ± 0.24 kcal mol−1/RT)] cm3mol−1s−1, covering the wide temperature range of 988‐3340 K.
Genomics and Liver Transplantation: Genomic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection
Authors: Kohut Taisa J. , Barandiaran Jose F. , Keating Brendan J.
Published: June 2020

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a common complication in liver transplantation recipients (LTRs), especially within the first 12 months, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although abnormalities in standard liver biochemistries may raise the clinical suspicion for ACR, it lacks specificity, and invasive liver biopsies, which are associated with numerous risks, are required for definitive diagnoses. Biomarker discovery for minimally invasive tools for diagnosis and prognostication of ACR after liver transplantation (LT) has become a rapidly evolving field of research with a recent shift in focus to omics‐based biomarker discovery. Although none are yet ready to replace the standard of care, there are several promising minimally invasive, blood‐derived biomarkers that are under intensive research for the diagnosis of ACR in LTRs. These omics‐based biomarkers, encompassing DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, hold tremendous potential. Some are likely to become integrated into ACR diagnostic algorithms to assist clinical decision making with a high degree of accuracy that is cost‐effective and reduces or even obviates the need for an invasive liver biopsy.
HOW OUTSTANDING LEADERS USE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Cherniss Cary , Roche Cornelia W.
Published: June 2020

The popularity of emotional intelligence among business leaders is based in part on the realization that cognitive intelligence, or “IQ,” accounts for only part of what leaders need to be effective. A meta‐analysis combining the results from 151 independent studies and over 40,000 leaders found that IQ accounted for only about 7% of the variability in leader effectiveness. Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, and manage our own emotions and those of others. We have studied how 25 outstanding leaders have used their emotional intelligence to confront critical challenges and opportunities. Using a modified behavior event interview, we asked the leaders to describe “one or more incidents in which they used or managed their own emotions and/or those of others to deal with a challenge or opportunity.” We identified nine strategies that the leaders used often. In this article, we describe each strategy. In their roles as supervisors, managers, or executives, organizational leaders are in a particularly good position to help others develop emotional intelligence. Organizational leaders are often able to see their people behaving in various real‐life situations on multiple occasions over time. They also are better able to provide feedback immediately or soon after an incident.
Identification of two decision‐making paths underpinning the continued use of branded apps
Authors: Stocchi Lara , Pourazad Naser , Michaelidou Nina
Published: June 2020

This study investigates two decision‐making paths that underpin the continued use of branded apps. One path originates from past use of a category of apps and leads to continued use of a branded app from that category via recognition. The second path also starts with past use, but leads to continued use through the evaluation of the app's benefits. Two empirical studies test and subsequently validate the resulting conceptual model, confirming that both paths underpin continued use; however, the strength of the theoretical links varies, and the two paths warrant separate investigation. These outcomes support the generalizability of the proposed model, highlighting its potential as a tool to advance the understanding of consumer decision‐making leading to the continued use of branded apps. The findings of this study also yield practical relevance, especially for the delineation of strategies to enhance the chances of market survival of branded apps.
Subjective Cognitive Complaint in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Normal Cognition: Canary in the Coal Mine?
Authors: Purri Rachael , Brennan Laura , Rick Jacqueline , Xie Sharon X. , Deck Benjamin L. , Chahine Lana M. , Dahodwala Nabila , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Duda John E. , Morley James F. , Akhtar Rizwan S. , Trojanowski John Q. , Siderowf Andrew , Weintraub Daniel
Published: June 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and impact of subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with normal cognition.

Methods

Patients with PD with expert consensus‐determined normal cognition at baseline were asked a single question regarding the presence of SCC. Baseline (N = 153) and longitudinal (up to 4 follow‐up visits during a 5‐year period; N = 121) between‐group differences in patients with PD with (+SCC) and without (−SCC) cognitive complaint were examined, including cognitive test performance and self‐rated and informant‐rated functional abilities.

Results

A total of 81 (53%) participants reported a cognitive complaint. There were no between‐group differences in global cognition at baseline. Longitudinally, the +SCC group declined more than the −SCC group on global cognition (Mattis Dementia Rating Scale–2 total score, F1,431 = 5.71, P = 0.02), processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, F1,425 = 7.52, P = 0.006), and executive function (Trail Making Test Part B, F1,419 = 4.48, P = 0.04), although the results were not significant after correction for multiple testing. In addition, the +SCC group was more likely to progress to a diagnosis of cognitive impairment over time (hazard ratio = 2.61, P = 0.02). The +SCC group also demonstrated significantly lower self‐reported and knowledgeable informant–reported cognition‐related functional abilities at baseline, and declined more on an assessment of global functional abilities longitudinally.

Conclusions

Patients with PD with normal cognition, but with SCC, report poorer cognition‐specific functional abilities, and are more likely to be diagnosed with cognitive impairment and experience global functional ability decline long term. These findings suggest that SCC and worse cognition‐related functional abilities may be sensitive indicators of initial cognitive decline in PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Description and validation of a simple histological nerve tissue scoring system for nerve allografts
Authors: Bulstra Liselotte F. , Hundepool Caroline A. , Shin Delaney M. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: June 2020

Background

In nerve allograft development, currently used subjective histological scoring systems to evaluate nerve structure in experimental studies are not uniform and have not been validated.

The aim of this study was to describe and validate a simple, fast and inexpensive method to compare structural properties of nerve allografts on a histological level.

Materials and methods

A total of 113 histological sections of rat (sciatic nerves) and human peripheral nerve segments (thoracodorsal and long thoracic nerve for motor and sural for sensory nerve) treated with various decellularization protocols were analyzed. Slides were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), Toluidine Blue and Laminin. A subjective scoring system using a 5‐point scale was used to score each nerve section by four independent researchers. For validation of this score both inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability were calculated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

Results

Overall, an excellent correlation between the different observers was found for the Toluidine Blue (ICC = 0.919, 95% CI: 0.891–0.941), H&E (ICC = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.865–0.927) and Laminin staining (ICC = 0.897, 95% CI: 0.860–0.926). Intra‐rater reliability was good for all three staining techniques (ICC >0.8).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the validity of this simple scoring system to evaluate nerve structure after different processing protocols. All three evaluated staining techniques can reliably be used for both rat and human nerve tissue. We believe this method is suitable to compare different processing techniques to create processed nerve allografts, especially when the average scores of multiple raters are used.
Noise‐induced transformations in corporate dynamics of coupled chaotic oscillators
Authors: Ryashko Lev
Published: June 2020

Stochastic effects in corporate dynamics of two symmetrically coupled chaotic oscillators are studied. As a functional unit, we use a discrete system defined by the logistic map. It is shown that increasing coupling parameter changes corporate deterministic dynamics and causes transitions “chaos‐order‐chaos.” We study an order window between Neimark–Sacker and crisis bifurcation points and show how this window is contracted and eliminated by increasing noise. For parametric analysis of these stochastic phenomena in coupled system, we apply the method of confidence domains based on the mathematical theory of stochastic sensitivity.
Numerical solutions of time and space fractional coupled Burgers equations using time–space Chebyshev pseudospectral method
Authors: Mittal Avinash K. , Balyan Lokendra K.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the paper is to develop and analyze a spectrally accurate time–space pseudospectral method to the approximate solution of nonlinear time and space fractional coupled Burgers equations. Liouville–Caputo fractional derivative formula is used to evaluate the fractional derivatives matrix at CGL points. Using the Chebyshev fractional derivative matrices, the given problem is reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. A mapping is used to transform the nonhomogeneous initial–boundary values to homogeneous initial–boundary values. Error analysis of the proposed method for the equation is presented. A model example of fractional coupled Burgers equations is tested for a set of fractional‐order derivatives. For the proposed method, highly accurate numerical results are obtained, which confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Bone‐Specific Metabolism of Dietary Polyphenols in Resorptive Bone Diseases
Authors: Kunihiro Andrew G. , Luis Paula B. , Frye Jennifer B. , Chew Wade , Chow H. H. , Schneider Claus , Funk Janet L.
Published: June 2020

Scope

Curcumin prevents bone loss in resorptive bone diseases and inhibits osteoclast formation, a key process driving bone loss. Curcumin circulates as an inactive glucuronide that can be deconjugated in situ by bone's high β‐glucuronidase (GUSB) content, forming the active aglycone. Because curcumin is a common remedy for musculoskeletal disease, effects of microenvironmental changes consequent to skeletal development or disease on bone curcumin metabolism are explored.

Methods and results

Across sexual/skeletal development or between sexes in C57BL/6 mice ingesting curcumin (500 mg kg−1), bone curcumin metabolism and GUSB enzyme activity are unchanged, except for >twofold higher (p < 0.05) bone curcumin‐glucuronide substrate levels in immature (4–6‐week‐old) mice. In ovariectomized (OVX) or bone metastasis‐bearing female mice, bone substrate levels are also >twofold higher. Aglycone curcumin levels tend to increase proportional to substrate such that the majority of glucuronide distributing to bone is deconjugated, including OVX mice where GUSB decreases by 24% (p < 0.01). GUSB also catalyzes deconjugation of resveratrol and quercetin glucuronides by bone, and a requirement for the aglycones for anti‐osteoclastogenic bioactivity, analogous to curcumin, is confirmed.

Conclusion

Dietary polyphenols circulating as glucuronides may require in situ deconjugation for bone‐protective effects, a process influenced by bone microenvironmental changes.
Natural Xanthone α‐Mangostin Inhibits LPS‐Induced Microglial Inflammatory Responses and Memory Impairment by Blocking the TAK1/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Guan Huifeng , Li Jiabing , Tan Xiaofang , Luo Shenying , Liu Yangdan , Meng Yiwen , Wu Baichuan , Zhou Yan , Yang Yang , Chen Hongzhuan , Hou Lina , Qiu Yu , Li Juan
Published: June 2020

Scope

The effect of α‐mangostin (α‐M), a polyphenolic xanthone isolated from mangostin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced microglial activation and memory impairment is explored. The possible underlying mechanisms are also investigated.

Methods and Results

Cytokine production and activation of transforming growth factor activated kinase‐1 (TAK1) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) are detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot. Microglial migration and phagocytosis are evaluated with scratch wound‐healing assay and phagocytosis of fluorescent latex beads, respectively. Learning and memory abilities of mice are evaluated with the Morris water maze test. The nanomolar (100–500 nm) α‐M suppresses LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in microglia. It also inhibits LPS‐induced microglial migration and phagocytosis. α‐M rescues LPS‐caused, microglia‐mediated neuronal dendritic damage. Moreover, α‐M represses LPS‐induced toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and activation of TAK1 and NF‐κB. In a mouse neuroinflammation model, α‐M (50 mg kg−1 day−1) shows obvious anti‐neuroinflammatory, neuroprotective, and memory‐improving effects in vivo.

Conclusion

α‐M inhibits microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and prevents neurotoxicity and memory impairment from inflammatory damage. These results indicate that α‐M has great potential to be used as a nutritional preventive strategy for neuroinflammation‐related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Interaction between Tea Polyphenols and Intestinal Microbiota in Host Metabolic Diseases from the Perspective of the Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Yan Ruonan , Ho Chi‐Tang , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2020

Tea polyphenols (TP) have shown multiple biological activities and the ability to modulate the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. Certain human metabolic diseases are engendered by the disruption of the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm oscillations exist in both intestinal microbiota and hypothalamus. The brain–gut‐microbiome axis enables intestinal microorganisms to communicate with the brain. The close reciprocity between intestinal microbiota and circadian rhythm supplies a new opportunity for TP to regulate circadian‐rhythm‐related diseases relying on intestinal microbiota. Therefore, based on the potential bidirectional association of the brain and gut microbes, this review mainly discussed the interaction between TP and intestinal microbiota from the perspective of the gut–brain axis (GBA) to improve the theory of metabolic diseases prevention.
Experimental assessment of microwave ablation computational modeling with MR thermometry
Authors: Faridi Pegah , Keselman Paul , Fallahi Hojjatollah , Prakash Punit
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Computational models are widely used during the design and characterization of microwave ablation (MWA) devices, and have been proposed for pretreatment planning. Our objective was to assess three‐dimensional (3D) transient temperature and ablation profiles predicted by MWA computational models with temperature profiles measured experimentally using magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry in ex vivo bovine liver.

Materials and methods

We performed MWA in ex vivo tissue under MR guidance using a custom, 2.45 GHz water‐cooled applicator. MR thermometry data were acquired for 2 min prior to heating, during 5–10 min microwave exposures, and for 3 min following heating. Fiber‐optic temperature sensors were used to validate the accuracy of MR temperature measurements. A total of 13 ablation experiments were conducted using 30–50 W applied power at the applicator input. MWA computational models were implemented using the finite element method, and incorporated temperature‐dependent changes in tissue physical properties. Model‐predicted ablation zone extents were compared against MRI‐derived Arrhenius thermal damage maps using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).

Results

Prior to heating, the observed standard deviation of MR temperature data was in the range of 0.3–0.7°C. Mean absolute error between MR temperature measurements and fiber‐optic temperature probes during heating was in the range of 0.5–2.8°C. The mean DSC between model‐predicted ablation zones and MRI‐derived Arrhenius thermal damage maps for 13 experimental set‐ups was 0.95. When comparing simulated and experimentally (i.e. using MRI) measured temperatures, the mean absolute error (MAE %) relative to maximum temperature change was in the range 5%–8.5%.

Conclusion

We developed a system for characterizing 3D transient temperature and ablation profiles with MR thermometry during MWA in ex vivo liver tissue, and applied the system for experimental validation of MWA computational models.
Whole‐body heat exposure causes developmental stage‐specific apoptosis of male germ cells
Authors: Yoon Jungbin , Rhee Kunsoo
Published: June 2020

Humans are occasionally exposed to extreme environmental heat for a prolonged period of time. Here, we investigated testicular responses to whole‐body heat exposure by placing mice in a warm chamber. Among the examined tissues, the testis was found to be most susceptible to heat stress. Heat stress induces direct responses within germ cells, such as eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation and stress granule (SG) formation. Prolonged heat stress (42°C for 6 hr) also disturbed tissue organization, such as through blood‐testis barrier (BTB) leakage. Germ cell apoptosis was induced by heat stress for 6 hr in a cell type‐ and developmental stage‐specific manner. We previously showed that spermatocytes in the early tubular stages (I–VI) form SGs for protection against heat stress. In the mid‐tubular stages (VII–VIII), BTB leakage synergistically enhances the adverse effects of heat stress on pachytene spermatocyte apoptosis. In the late tubular stages (IX–XII), SGs are not formed and severe leakage of the BTB does not occur, resulting in mild apoptosis of late‐pachytene spermatocytes near meiosis. Our results revealed that multiple stress responses are involved in germ cell damage resulting from prolonged heat stress (42°C for 6 hr).
Hippo signaling, actin polymerization, and follicle activation in fragmented human ovarian cortex
Authors: Lunding Stine A. , Andersen Anders N. , Hardardottir Lilja , Olesen Hanna Ø. , Kristensen Stine G. , Andersen Claus Y. , Pors Susanne E.
Published: June 2020

The Hippo pathway has been associated with regulation of early follicle growth. Studies of murine ovaries suggest that changes in the actin cytoskeleton, caused by fragmentation, result in inhibition of the Hippo pathway, and in turn, may activate follicle growth. In humans, the connections between fragmentation, the actin cytoskeleton, and follicle activation are yet to be confirmed. In this study, we investigated the impact in vitro fragmentation of a human ovarian cortex on (a) actin polymerization, (b) components of the Hippo pathway, and (c) follicle growth in vivo. The results showed that the ratio between globular and filamentous actin remained unchanged at all timepoints (0, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min) following tissue fragmentation. Neither was the Hippo pathway effector protein YES‐associated protein upregulated nor was gene expression of the downstream growth factors CCN2, CCN3, or CCN5 increased at any timepoint in the fragmented cortex. Furthermore, the number of growing follicles was similar in fragmented and intact cortex pieces after 6 weeks' xenotransplantation. However, the total number of surviving follicles was considerably lower in the fragmented cortex compared with intact tissue, suggesting detrimental effects of fragmentation on tissue grafting. These results indicate that fragmentation is likely to be ineffective to activate follicle growth in the human ovarian cortex.
Underrepresentation of functional conditions of the lower urinary tract in adults in US federal research funding
Authors: Souders Colby P. , Lo Eric M. , Ackerman A. Lenore
Published: June 2020

Aims

Evaluation and treatment of functional conditions of the lower urinary tract (fcLUT), a subset of benign urinary tract conditions, is highly subjective due to overlapping symptomatology. Despite high prevalence and socioeconomic cost, there has been little improvement in their treatment and lack of progress in understanding their pathophysiology. This study investigates trends in quantity, monetary amounts, and awardees' characteristics of federally funded research awards for fcLUT compared to nonurologic benign conditions (NUBCs) and urologic malignancies.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and federal RePORTER databases in December 2019. We identified currently active awards in fcLUT, NUBC, and malignant urologic conditions and the associated demographic features of awardees. The authors also examined temporal funding trends for such awards.

Results

These database searches revealed that there are consistently fewer awards and funding dollars for the study of fcLUT compared to other benign conditions with similar prevalences. While most research topics have received increased funding in awards and overall funding dollars over time, fcLUT funding has remained relatively flat. Urologists are also underrepresented; only 11 of the 86 recipients of NIH R01 awards to study fcLUT have clinical training in urology.

Conclusions

Even when compared to NUBC, funding for the study of fcLUT remains low and has stagnated over time. Further, investigators who are clinicians in the field of urology are in the minority of those doing this study. Given the need for clinical perspectives in fcLUT research, the lack of urologist representation will inhibit discovery and translational advances.
Contemporary multicenter outcomes of continent cutaneous ileocecocystoplasty in the adult population over a 10‐year period: A Neurogenic Bladder Research Group study
Authors: Cheng Philip J. , Keihani Sorena , Roth Joshua D. , Pariser Joseph J. , Elliott Sean P. , Bose Sanchita , Khavari Rose , Crescenze Iryna , Stoffel John T. , Velaer Kyla N. , Elliott Christopher S. , Raffee Samantha M. , Atiemo Humphrey O. , Kennelly Michael J. , Lenherr Sara M. , Myers Jeremy B.
Published: June 2020

Aims

Evidence is sparse on the long‐term outcomes of continent cutaneous ileocecocystoplasty (CCIC). We hypothesized that obesity, laparoscopic/robotic approach, and concomitant surgeries would affect morbidity after CCIC and aimed to evaluate the outcomes of CCIC in adults in a multicenter contemporary study.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of adult patients from sites in the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group undergoing CCIC (2007‐2017) who had at least 6 months of follow‐up. We evaluated patient demographics, surgical details, 90‐day complications, and follow‐up surgeries. the Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables and χ² and Fisher's Exact tests were used to compare categorical variables.

Results

We included 114 patients with a median age of 41 years. The median postoperative length of stay was 8 days. At 3 months postoperatively, major complications occurred in 18 (15.8%), and 24 patients (21.1%) were readmitted. During a median follow‐up of 40 months, 48 patients (42.1%) underwent 80 additional related surgeries. Twenty‐three patients (20.2%) underwent at least one channel revision, most often due to obstruction (15, 13.2%) or incontinence (4, 3.5%). Of the channel revisions, 10 (8.8%) were major and 14 (12.3%) were minor. Eleven patients (9.6%) abandoned the catheterizable channel during the follow‐up period. Obesity and laparoscopic/robotic surgical approach did not affect outcomes, though concomitant surgery was associated with a higher rate of follow‐up surgeries.

Conclusions

In this contemporary multicenter series evaluating CCIC, we found that the short‐term major complication rate was low, but many patients require follow‐up surgeries, mostly related to the catheterizable channel.