bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive profile of captive Sumateran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)
Authors: SEMIADI GONO , NUGRAHA R. TAUFIQ PURNA
Published: July 2014

The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is one of several endemic Indonesian wild cat groups which population is critically endangered. A program to increase the population size had been conducted in captivity, especially in the zoo. In order to monitor the captive population and for the means of management in captivity, a logbook data recording system had been developed for individual animals. A compilation data from the Tiger International Stud Book from 1942 to 2000 was analyzed. The extraction data consisted of the reproduction performance of the animals, such as calving pattern, sex ratio, litter size etc. The results showed that mortality of cubs at â‰¤ 5 months old reached 59%, between 5 and 24 months old was 9.3% and above 24 months was 31.7%. Cubs were born all year round with concentration in July for Europe and North America regions. The mean of first reproductive age was at 4.6 years old (Â± 2.28), with the mean of the oldest reproductive age was at 8.3 years (Â± 3.63). Mean litter size was 2.21 cubs from dame born in captivity and 2.45 cubs from dame capture from the wild. Sex ratio of male to female was 53.8:46.2. The average lifespan of adult wild captive tiger was 5108.9 day (Â± 2365.4) day, while for adult (â‰¥ 24 months of age) captive tiger was 4417.4 day (Â± 1972.7).Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Sumateran tiger, Panthera tigris sumatrae, reproduction, stud book.
Study of Feed and habitat on Tarsius spectrum (Tarsier) in the Nature Reserve of Tangkoko â€“Batu Angus, North Sulawesi
Authors: WIRDATETI WIRDATETI , DAHRUDIN HADI
Published: July 2014

This research was conducted in the nature reserve on beach forest of Tangkoko Batu Angus. Study sites were located at 0 until 150 m above sea level. Data being collected were the type of feed, nest sites and habitat utilization. During the observation, 18 animals species were identified being consumed and consist of 77.7% insects, 16. 6% reptil and 5.5% bird. Fifty four species from 30 families were identified being habitat and eight species from four families were the nest of TarsierÂ© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Tarsius spectrum, Feed, Habitat, Nature reserve, Tangkoko- Batu Angus
Viability tests of LIPI-MC mould collection in ampoule of L-drying preservation after one year of storage at 5Âº C
Authors: ILYAS MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2014

A study on viability test of several LIPI-MC mould isolates in ampoule of L-drying preservation after one year storage at 5Âº C had been conducted. In this study, cell survival level of 34 ampoules number from eight mould generas and 17 species had been counted. The objective of this study was to observe the survival or viability level of several mould isolates in ampoule L-drying preservation after one year storage at 5Âº C. The measurement of viability level was based on the average of colony forming unit density (CFU/ml). The result showed that there were seven mould isolates have hingh viabilitiy, 18 isolates have medium viabilitiy, two isolates have low viability, and five isolates have lost its viability.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: viability, mould, ampoule, L-drying, colony forming unit (CFU/ml).
The Effect of zeolite addition on viability of paddy straw mushroom spawn
Authors: PATMASARI UTIK , SUHARNI THERESIA TRI , PERMANA DJUMHAWAN RATMAN
Published: July 2014

The objective of this research was to increase the viability of the paddy straw mushroom spawn by adding natural stone on the mediaâ€™s composition for the paddy straw mushroom spawn. Mycelium of the paddy straw mushroom was take from the pure development of the paddy straw mushroom which was planted on the various treatment for media e.i. 100% cotton media and rice bran + 0% zeolite (A), 75% cotton media and rice bran + 25% zeolite (B), 50% cotton media and rice bran + 50% zeolite (C), 25% cotton and rice bran + 75% zeolite (D), 0% cotton media and rice bran + 100% rice bran (E). Each treatment was observed for the length of mycelium, the concentration ofreduced sugar, total carbon and water content, spawn media weight, pH and temperature. Results demonstrated that there is a positive effect of zeolite added to the paddy straw mushroom media. The zeolite able to adsorbed nutrient through its pores, so the mycelium of the paddy straw mushroom able to use the nutrient gradually and equally appropriate with its growth. Therefore the viability of the paddy straw mushroom is increase. Result showed that the B is the best viability in the Potetos Dectrose Agar (PDA) media, that has viability power up to 50 days after inoculation and the temperature are 29,6 0C, then followed by treatment C, D, A and E, each has viability power up to 42; 38; 34; 22 days after inoculation and the maximum length of each mycelium are 17.5; 9.2; 0.9; 0.5 cm, but in the treatment D being contaminated by Aspergillus sp.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Zeolite, viability, paddy straw mushroom spawn.
Genetic uniformity of sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) regenerated from tissue culture
Authors: IMELDA MARIA , ESTIATI AMY , SARI LAELA , ERLYANDARI FEBRYANA
Published: July 2014

Sungkai or jati sebrang (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of the industrial timber estate species native to Indonesia, which is commonly chosen for reforestation and as raw materials for the furniture and handicraft industry. In order to provide this planting material in large and sustainable quantities, a technique for in vitro propagation of sungkai through adventitious shoot proliferation is needed and has been successfully developed at the Research Centre for Biotechnology, LIPI. Since tissue culture method is prone to genetic variations, it is important to assess the genetic uniformity of sungkai planting materials derived from this in vitro method at an early stage. In this research, early detection of genetic uniformity was done by morphological observation of the regenerant plants and RAPD analysis using 4 primers namely OPB 5, OPB 9, OPH 11 and OPH 19. Morphological test showed differences in leaf shape, stem diameter and plant height among plantlets originating from Kalbar, Kaltim, Jambi and Cibinong. However, RAPD analysis with PCR showed that all planting materials were genetically uniform among those originating from the same or different places.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack), perbanyakan in vitro, morfologi, RAPD
Study on Flowering Biology of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.)
Authors: PRANA MADE SRI
Published: July 2014

An observation on flowering behaviour of 20 selected taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) cultivars was conducted at the Germ Plasm Conservation Garden belonging to the Reserch Centre for Biotechnology of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor Regency. The observation included the emergence of inflorescences, the number of inflorescences in a cluster, the opening of the inflorescence, maturity of pistilate and staminate flowers, and pollinating agents that might play role in the pollination process. The study was aimed at elucidating some baseline information that might be used as a base to carry out breeding programme for future cultivarimprovement. The study indicated that the 20 cultivar studied may be divided into 3 cultivar groups, namely a) Cultivars which fully did not appear to flower during the periode of obeservation, which includes Lampung, Enau, Siriwa, Ketan and Bentul biru, b) Cultivars that produced only a few (not more than 3) inflorescences per cluster or per individul plant. This includes cultivars : Bogor, Bentul, Kaliurang and Ketan hitam and c) Cultivars that were profusedly flowering (produced a lot of inflorescences), usually 4-5 inflorescences per cluster and several clusters in an individual plant. This includes cultivars : Sutera, Semir, Lampung hitam, Boring, Burkok, Berod, Lampung hitam, Lompong, Ketune dan Kudo. The cultivar Sutera produced flower quite readily, followed by Burkok. Apart from the few inflorescences it produced, the cultivar Kaliurang also produced rather abnormal shape of inflorescence with only a few pollen grains. Taro flowers proved to be protogenic since the atipulate flowers have become receptive 1-2 days prior to anther dehiscence. Pollination was due to the role of (Dacus dorsalis).Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Colocasia esculenta, talas, inflorescences, floweringpendahuluan
Flora Diversity from Kersik Luway Nature Monument, East Kalimantan
Authors: HARTINI SRI
Published: July 2014

Kersik Luway is one area in Padang Luway Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan which have some potential plants. Ornamental plants are can be found in this area, which several of them are attractive and useful. The aims of the research were to inventory interesting flora diversity in Kersik Luway. The method used in this research were explorative method at the place. The result showed that there were approximately 18 species of interesting flora in Kersik Luway. The plants are Uaccinium varingiaefolium, Ficus deltoideus, Eugenia zeylanica, Rhodomyrtus tomentosu.s, ArthrophyÂ°llarm diver.sifoliurrr, Nepenthes reimwurdticrna. Hown eoricrcÂ°ea. C'oelngune pandurata, Coelogyne foerstermannii, Renanthera elongata, Grammatophyllum .speciosum, Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Stenochlaena palustris, Nephrolepis hirsutula, Davallia denticulata, Schizaea dichotoma, P.silotum nudum, and Lygodium microphyllum. The botanical information of eachspecies is presented in this paper.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Flora, Kersik Luway, Nature Monument, East Kalimantan
The new record orchids from Wawonii Island
Authors: SULISTIARINI DIAH , SUNARTI SITI , WIRIADINATA HARRY
Published: July 2014

Wawonii Island is belonging to Province of South-east Sulawesi, which covers area of about 650 km2. The areas is divided into four forest zones that were protected forests, production forests, limited production forests and social forests. This island was selected as a study site with consideration that this island estimated to have unique flora as same as to Sulawesi Island in general. In addition, so far there is no information about flora in this area. The study was conducted by exploring where the forest area visited, in order to collected and inventoried of plant with special attention to orchid species. Out of this study there are about 80 species of orchid were recorded and three species of them were Anoectochilus cetaceus Bl., Cryptostylis javanica J.J. Sm. and Malaxis koordersii (J.J. Sm.) Bakh. f., identified as new record from Wawonii Island. Those three species according to previous information were admitted as endemic of Java. Although morphologically those three species collected from Wawonii were little bit different to which occurred in Java, but based on the species character they unable to be considered as different species. Consequently since those three the species found in Wawonii Island, those species should be categorized as non endemic of Java.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Orchid, new record, Wawonii Island.
Antimalaria in-vivo activity test of ki pahit extract (Picrasma javanica) to mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
Authors: PRAPTIWI PRAPTIWI , HARAPINI MINDARTI , CHAIRUL CHAIRUL
Published: July 2014

Malaria remains as one of global health problem, in which malaria infection in the last two decades increase twice. On the other hand, the uses of plants as antimalarial sources had been known. Some plant species of Simaroubaceae have been known to have antimalarial properties. Picrasma javanica is one plant species of Simaroubaceae. In this study, P. javanica extracts was tested for antimalarial against rodent plasmodium, Plasmodium berghei in single dose (20 mg/kg BW). Leaves, fruit and stem bark extracts of P. javanica were tested to determine the extract which has the best in decreasing parasitemia, followed by variation doses test (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm) to determine the effectivity dose (ED50). The results showed that stem bark extract decrease parasitemia (73.89%) better than leaves (71.4%), fruit (-) extracts and chloroquin (32.35%) as positive control. The effective dose (ED50) of stem bark extract was 110.09 mg/kgBW. Phytochemical screening showed that stem bark extract of ki pahit (P. javanica) contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and diterpene.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Picrasma javanica, Plasmodium berghei, ED50
Varanus Species at The Arfak Strict Nature Reserve
Authors: PATTISELANNO FREDDY , RAHAYU ENY , WANGGAI JACOBUS
Published: July 2014

The varanid fauna on West Papua particularly have not been well documented, and are poorly known. Survey was conducted in the Arfak Strict Nature Reserve (ASNR) from March to May 2001. During the survey, specimen collected from the field consisted of Varanus indicus (Daudin 1802), Varanus prasinus (Schlegel 1839) and Varanus salvadorii (Peters and Doria 1878). Among three species encountered skin was not utilized, and only Varanus prasinus (Schlegel 1839) meat was not consumed yet.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words:. Varanus, Arfak Strict Nature Reserve
Phenotypic charactheristics of fluorescent pseudomonss, biological control agent of lincat disease of temanggung tobacco
Authors: ARWIYANTO TRIWIDODO , MARYUDANI YMS , AZIZAH NINING NURUL
Published: July 2014

Fluorescent pseudomonass isolated from local plants rishosphere in temanggung controlled lincat disease of tobacco. This report describe phenotypic charactheristics of the bacteria in order to be used as a base for the development of the bacteria as a biological control agent of lincat disease. Phenotypic charactheristics of six isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonass which controlled lincat disease in the field weredetermined in the laboratory of Plant Bacteriology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. Plant pathogenicity tests were conducted by hypersensitive reaction into tobacco leaf and inoculation to tobacco plants. Antagonism test between fluorescent Pseudomonass and other candidate of biological control agents were also conducted. The results indicated that the bacteria were rod shape, Gram negative, positive reaction in catalase and oxidase tests. Nitrate reduce to nitrite, arginine was hydrolysed, fluorescent pigment were produced on Kingâ€™s B medium, levan formation positive and all bacteria denitrifiy. The bacteria used urea, tween 80 and amylum were not hydrolised, poly- -hydroxybutyrate was not accumulated in the cells. Negative reactions were observed for lysine decarboxylation, indol production, VP/MR reaction, and gelatn liquefation. Some compounds could be used as solely carbon sources. All isolates grew on the medium containing 2% NaCl. The best pH for growth was 6-7 and all isolates grew at 20-41C. Negative result were obtained for hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity tests.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: fluorescent Pseudomonas, phenotypic characteristics, tobacco, lincat disease
Ecological Research on Endangered Medicinal Plants in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: HIDAYAT SYAMSUL , RISNA ROSNIATI A
Published: July 2014

An ecological research on some endangered medicinal plants in Ranu Pani, Senduro and Pronojiwo Resort, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java was conducted on July 2006. Nine study areas were chosen inside the forest of national park and one site at the enclave area (non-forest area), covering a wide range of plant association, abundances, forest and habitat types, and altitudes. A systematic parallel line sampling method using quadrat technique was employed and total area sampled were 1 ha. The total of 13 medicinal plant species were found in quadrats and there were three species i.e. Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn., Cinnamomum sintocBl., and Alyxia reinwardtii Bl. known as endangered species which seemed to have a tendency for cluster distribution. Instead of being discovered inside the conservation area, an endangered species, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb., was found at an agriculture land in the adjacent area. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was 1.10 with Evenness value of 0.99. Based on contingency table constructed from the sampling result, we found no single association between the endangered medicinal plant species. Habitat, conservation status andpotential threats of the four endangered species are also briefly described.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: endangered medicinal plant, ecology, diversity, conservation
Detektion antigen virus den on monocyts by streptavidin biotin test as early diagnostic for dengue fever haemorhagic
Authors: WURYANINGSIH Y NINING SRI
Published: July 2014

Dengue virus infection is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Clinically it may manifest as asymtomastic, undifferentiated fever,dengue fever,dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome cases.. The mechanism underlying the disease with severe complication is not clear yet,however it has been previosus reported that primary andsecondary infections of dengue virus play an important role in the patogenesis of this diseases. Early diagnosis of dengue virus infection has a great contribution for appropriate management of the disease, especialy for the prognosis of the patient. Laboratory investigations for such cases will be methods on serological investigation as well as virus isolation and identification.of dengue virus infection could be madeby detection of specific virus ,viral antigen,genomic sequence and or detection of antibodies. These methods are sensitive and precise for detecting dengue virus infection,but there need special equipment,costly and detection of IgM and IgG often positive or negative false the dengue virus in the blood stream There for, this study was performed in order to develop a method to detect dengue virus antigen on the monocytes using Streptavidin biotin technique. The result of Streptavidin biotin study demonstrated that 32 sera from patient suspectedwith DHF 78,1% were positive DHF,and 21,9% were negative DHF. These results are consistent with the result from WHO criteria as standard .The Chi Square analysis showed that the presentage of sensitivity and specificity of Streptavidin biotin methode were 88% and 87,7% respectively. In conclusions ,immunocytochemistry method using streptavidin biotin technique could be used as a method to detect antigen dengue virus on monocytes in the serum patient suspected with DHF. This technique has high sensitivity and specivicity andconsistent with the clinical WHO criteria for DHF,Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Dengue Haemorrhagic ,Monocyte , Steptavidin biotin
The silk characteristics of jedung silkworm (Attacus atlas L.) reared on senggugu (Clerodendron serratum Spreng) food plant
Authors: INDRAWAN MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2014

The objective of this research was to determine the silk characteristics of Jedung silkworm reared on Senggugu food plant. Cocoon characteristics examined was the weight of cocoon and the value of Shell Ratio (SR). Meanwhile, the characteristics of fiber conclude the tensile strength, the elongation and the moisture absorption. The results showed that the range of cocoon weight was between 5.849 + 0.378 g. If it is compared to other cocoon reared on other food plants, the cocoons from Jedung silkworm were less weight. This wasprobably because of the characteristics of Senggugu leaf that was thinner and less water content which will produced cocoon with less weight. The lower weight of cocoon could affect to the value of measured SR. The value of SR was 9.828 + 1.475 %. The good range of SR value is between 19-20 %. The tensile strength was 14,444 + 5.270 g per denier. The good range of tensile strength is between 2.6 to 4.8 g per denier. The elongation was 2.184 + 2.168 %. This study showed the elongation was lower compared to other characteristics ofgood fiber with value more than 18 %. The moisture absorption varies between 20.214 + 0.618 %. It will cause fabric made from this material were considered cooler to wear, so that relatively good from the side of convenience.In general, characteristics of the fiber were relatively good. Therefore, it needs higher effort to increase weight of cocoon and the elongation of fiber.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: characteristics of fiber, Jedung silkworm, Senggugu food plant
The species of cuscus in northern coastal areas of Manokwari, Papua
Authors: FATEM SEPUS , SAWEN DIANA
Published: July 2014

This study aims to identify cuscus species found in the northern part areas of Manokwari. The study was conducted on 5-26 November 2005 and 10-25 August 2007. The method used in the research was descriptive by means of applying observation and interview techniques. The result of the research reveals that there are two cuscus species that exist in the area, namely Phalanger orientalis (Mesber) and Spilocuscus maculatus (Mowodu). The activity pattern of cuscus is strongly inter-related to the phases of the moon, weather, and secure and unspoiled environment. The cuscus is commonly hunted by local people for its meat and handicrafts. The local people do not have a pattern of traditional conservations. Therefore, the government needs to issues policies dealing with wildlife hunting.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Cuscus species, northern area of Manokwari
Formulation of microbes inoculum: AMF, PSB and Rhizobium isolated of ex-coal mining site for Acacia crassicarpa Cunn. Ex-benth seedlings
Authors: WIDYATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

The shoddier succeed land revegetation particularly caused by least adaptability of the seedlings planted on this site. To encourage their growth and survival rate it can be achieved by means do inoculation with the compatible functional microbes such as rhizobium, Psolubilizing bacteria (PSB) and/or arbuscular-mycorrhiza fungy (AMF). This reserach is aimed to formulate the most compatible inoculant to support the growth of A. crassicarpa seedlings. Compatibility study is carried out in RCB design with 3 replications, each contain 5 seedlings. Height and biomass are accessed to measure the growth responses of the seedlings. The result showed that the best reponse is given by consortia that consist of the three kinds of these microbes. This increase the shoot biomass (137%) compare to the control. The consortia also improved N 164%, P 335% and K 167% in the plant tissues. While pure AMF improved absorption of N plants 80%, P 383% and K 51% compare to the control. It is suggested that to prepare the A. crassicarpa seedlings is better inoculated by consortium ofmicrobes or AMF as a sole inoculant.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: AMF, PSB, Rhizobium, revegetation
Identification of genetic diversity of jarak pagar (jatropha curcas l.) in central java based on isoenzyme marker
Authors: YUNUS AHMAD
Published: July 2014

Jatropha curcas is one of the plant which produces the renewable fuel. At the present time, the problems of the jatropha are litle information about genetic information included genetic diversity on inter species at Central Java and even in Indonesia. The diversity of inter species can be known by isozyme traits, this marker provide clustering species. The objective of this research were to identify jatropha based onisozyme markers. This research was conducted on Mei until December 2006. The samples were obtained from Banyumas, Pati, Cilacap, Pemalang, Jepara, Kudus, Batang and Grobogan. Isozyme analysis was conducted on Central Laboratory, Sebelas Maret University. Analysis of isozyme were conducted with isozyme Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SOD), Schimimate dehydrogenase (SHD) and Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Analysis of data used the metode of Cluster Metode Average Linkage withDICE coefficienct. The conclusion of this research were: based on analysis of enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase (SOD) and schimimate dehydrogenase (SHD), spesies from Kudus I was different with other species, while based on Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) showed that species from Grobogan has genetic similarity with Kudus I.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Jatropha curcas, Isoenzim
Mangrove vegetation diversity after tsunami in east coastal area of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam
Authors: SURYAWAN FERI
Published: July 2014

It has been conducted the research on mangrove vegetation diversity after tsunami in East Coastal area of Aceh. The method used square method. Amount of mangrove species at tree growth stage was consisted of 9 species. Rhizophora mucronata has the highest important value index (118.62%). The density of mangrove at tree growth stage was 118 tree./hectare, the diversity index was H =1.67. Amount of mangrove species at sapling growth which was found consisted of 10 species. R. mucronata has the highest important value index (138.28%). The density at sapling growth stage was 633 sapling/hectare, the diversity index was H =1.78. The growth of mangrove at seedling stage was consisted of 10 species. It shows that R. mucronata has the highest important value index (50.92%). The densitymangrove at seedling growth stage was 4925 seedling/hectare, the diversity index was H =2.13.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove, diversity, coastal
Type of intraspecific and interspecific interaction among three heron species, while foraging around Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Serang, Banten's province
Authors: ELFIDASARI DEWI
Published: July 2014

This research intends to know interaction type among three heron species while foraging around Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, SerangBanten's Province. Observational method that is utilized is direct observing up to 6 months, pictures taking supported watch utilizeHandycam by focal observation method, meanwhile data analyze was done by using scan sampling method. The researchâ€™s result points out that interaction during foraging for three species herons, namely Casmerodius albus, Egretta garzetta, and Bubulcus. Ibis, cover neutralism, competition and cooperation. C. albus showed cooperative's interaction as much as 66.67%. This interaction is happening between C. albus and Phalacrocorax sp. The competition and neutralism on C. albus each of them are 16.67%. E. garzetta showed neutralism as much as 50%, between E. garzetta and other waterbird which are Threskiornis melanocephalus and Plegadis falcinellus. Meanwhile, cooperative as high as 37.50% and competitions as high as 12.50%. B. ibis showed neutralism, as high as 44.44% between B. ibis and both Ardeola speciosa and P. falcinellus. Neutralism and competition interaction each of them are 33.33% and 22.22%.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: interaction, cooperation, neutralism, competition, heron.
Study on Plantago major L. dan Phaseolus vulgaris L. chlorophyll and carotenoid content using as bioincator for air pollution
Authors: ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN
Published: July 2014

The aims of this research were to study using chlorophyll and carotenoid as bioindicator air quality. This research used completely randomized design 2 x 4 factorial with 5 replicates. The first factor was distance from source of exhaust automobile emissions, consists of 4 levels: 0,50, 100, and 200 m. The second factor was plant spesies, consist 2 level: Plantago major and Phaseolus vulgaris. Data collected were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test in 5% confidence level. The result indicated that increasing distance from source exhaust automobile emission, increased growth and chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content in Phaseolus is more sensitive as bioindicator for air pollution.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: chlorophyll, bioindicator, Planatago major, Phaseolus vulgaris.
Genetic variations of East Kalimantan Orangutan based on D-Loop mitochondria DNA
Authors: PRASETYO DIDIK , SUGARDJITO JITO
Published: July 2014

Analysis of the variation of D-Loop mtDNA of East Kalimantan orangutan was done to provided the genetic information data from endangerd species in order to support their population conservation efforts. The reason using mtDNA in this research is caused by higher level of mutation ( 5 â€“ 10 trimes) when compared with nuclear DNA and it enable to transmited via maternal transmission without experience in recombination. From the analysis conducted on 38 samples resulting eight types of haplotype that is A, B, C, D, E, G, H and I haplotype. Level of variation of the haplotype at East Kutai district was more uniform when compared by variation in Kutai district. From the paternal analysis had been got three cluster with the nearer among cluster IADG and cluster EH compared by cluster BC. Dissociation timebetween haplotype are 250.000-400.000 years ago, and known the population of East Kalimantan orangutan separated from Sumatran orangutan (X97708) since 1.158.300 years ago.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: , D-Loop mtDNA, East Kalimantan
Collembola population in revegetated tin-mined lands in Bangka Island
Authors: NURTJAHYA EDDY , SETIADI DEDE , GUHARDJA EDI , MUHADIONO MUHADIONO , SETIADI YADI
Published: July 2014

Several indicators used to evaluate revegetation programs are survival, plant growth, root growth, cover, litter production, natural recolonisation, habitat improvement, microbes, insects, and birds. To study the prediction of the potency of Collembola as bioindicator of revegetated tin-mined lands, population densities on revegetated tin-mined lands under Acacia mangium stands at 0, 3, 7, 9, 12, and 13- years old were measured using pitfall trap method. It was recorded four Collembola species i.e. one belongs to family Isotomidae, two to family Entomobryidae, and one to family Sminthuridae. Population density of Collembola spp. in unrevegetated tin-mined land (0-year old) was significantly different to those in revegetated tin-mined lands. Although population density was higher in the older revegetated tinminedlands with the highest density recorded in 13-year old site (4816 ind. m-2), densities among revegetated tin-mined lands were notsignificantly different. The different population density appears related to organic material, litter either from revegetated plant, or from plant invaders during succession, and soil humidity. This study confirms the prediction of the potency of Collembola population density as bioindicator of revegetated tin-mined lands under Acacia mangium stands.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: , Collembola, bioindicator, revegetation, tin tailing, Bangka
Identification of soil actinomycetes in Bukit Bangkirai fire forest East Kalimantan and its potention as cellulolitic and phosphate solubilizing
Authors: NURKANTO ARIF
Published: July 2014

Some actinomycetes which were isolated from Bukit Bangkirai fire forest in East Kalimantan have been identified. Those isoates were also characterized for its cellulolitic and phosphate solubilizing ability. Identification was based on Miyadoh (1997) and Holt (1994) methods. Actinomycetes could be identified by microscopic observation on spores, chain spore, hypha, aerial hypha and its pigmentation. The cellulolitic ability was observed by clear zone ratio in CMC medium and phosphate solubilizing activity by same approach in Pikovskaya medium. From 91 Bukit Bangkiraiâ€™s actinomycetes isolates which had been deposited in LIPI Microbial Collection (LIPIMC) were identified as 7 genera (Streptomyces, Nocardia, Microbiospora, Micromonospora, Microtetraspora, Streptosporangium and Actinoplanes). 57,14 %phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes and 38,46 % cellulolitic actinomycetes were detected with clear zone ratio average of 1,48 and 1,59 respectively.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Actinomycetes, spore, chain spore, aereal hypha, phosphate solubilizing, cellulase
The growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on various alternative gelling agents
Authors: PRIADI DODY , FITRIANI HANI , SUDARMONOWATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

Gelling agents which is an important component in plant tissue culture media is considered expensive which causes high cost of plant micropropagation in developing countries. The objective of the study was to evaluate various commercial starches (hunkue, sago, tapioca, maize and arrowroot) and food agars for substitution of standard technical agar which commonly used in tissue culture medium. Young stem cuttings with five buds of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz. genotype Iding and Gebang) cultured on MS hormone-free media solidified with those starches and agars. Parameters observed were total and length of shoots and rate of contamination. Result of studyshowed that the highest total shoots (2.45) on genotype Iding obtained from Agar Swallow 0.8% (control), meanwhile on Gebang (2.85) obtained from tapioca 25%. The highest shoot length on genotype Iding (17.2 mm) obtained from maize, meanwhile on Gebang obtained from agar Sinar Kencana 2% (8.95 mm). Contamination rate of explants caused by bacteria or fungi on genotype Iding was 30-70%, meanwhile on Gebang was 20-60%. Further study needs to be done to evaluate more gelling agents from different sources and theircombinations.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: medium, gelling agents, agar, starch, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).
The inventory of mollusc species and its potent on seagrass bed in Kei Kecil Islands, Southeast Moluccas
Authors: KUSNADI AGUS , TRIANDIZA TEDDY , HERNAWAN UDHI EKO
Published: July 2014

Inventory of mollusk species and its potential on sea grass bed in Kei Kecil islands, Southeast Moluccas have been conducted by using quadrate-transect line method. The study was carried out in February-August 2007. There were 103 species of mollusk observed, 80 species belong to gastropods and 23 belong to bivalves. From the total species, 72 of them were reported as the potential species and the others still unknown. Most of potential group was used as food resources (55 species) and other species were potential as decoration, souvenir, ornament, and accessories (31 species). Some species were potential for building material, knife tool, barter tool and bioactive compounds. The top shells (Trochus niloticus), the giant clams (Tridacna spp. and Hippopus hippopus) and the abalone (Haliotis spp.) were the major trading commodities for shellfish fisheries.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: inventory, mollusk, potency, Kei Kecil.
Pollen viability and its effect on fruit set of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: WIDIASTUTI ALFIN , PALUPI ENDAH RETNO
Published: July 2014

The research was aimed at studying (1) the decline of pollen viability during storage, and (2) the effect of pollen amount on fruit set of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The experiment was conducted at PT. Dami Mas Sejahtera and PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resource and Technology (SMART) Tbk, Riau from February to August 2004. The first experiment was investigated up to six months storage period in the refrigerator, whereas in the second experiment a randomized complete block design with two factors was used: length of storage, i.e. 0, 1 and 2 months and amount of pollen, i.e. 0.022, 0.044, 0.066, 0.088, and 0.11 g mixed with powder to 10g to pollinate an inflorescence. The result showed that the viability of pollen started to decline three months after storage from about 92% to 83%, and declined to about 75% after six months of storage. Result of the second experiment showed that storage of pollen up to two months did not affect percentage ofnormal fruit, although the percentage of parthenocarpic fruits was decreased. This could be due to the high viability of pollen as the viability was remained high (about 90%) after being stored for two months in the refrigerator. Pollen with high viability could be used in a smaller amount to pollinate a female inflorescence without affecting fruit set of about 70-76%.SD037 had a higher reproductive success than SD038 and SD39.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: pollen storage, fruit set, amount of pollen, oil palm, Elaeis guineensis
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) relationship analysis using RAPD-PCR and isozyme methods
Authors: JULISANIAH NUR INDAH , SULISTYOWATI LILIEK , SUGIHARTO ARIFIN NOOR
Published: July 2014

RAPD-PCR method and isozyme analysis were used to obtain information of genetic relationship among cucumber varieties. Such information is urgently utilized to support plant breeding program of cucumber. Research was done at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture of Brawijaya University, Malang and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Matemathic and Natural Sciences of Brawijaya University, Malang. DNA isolation was done using CTAB method by additional NaCl modification. Sixteen primers from operon were employed to amplify DNA genome by RAPD-PCR. Two enzymes, Esterase and AAT were chosen for isozyme analysis. Clad 97 Program was used for analyzing the data and results in data grouping based on proximity value. Cluster analysis based on isozyme data indicated that there was an adequate lower genetic variation in cucumber, where seven of nine tested varieties showed proximity value of 1.00. Eleven of sixteen primers in RAPD-PCR analysis produced DNA bands. Relativity analysis by using RAPD-PCR method showed high enough of genetic variation. Relativity analysis by using both methods showed that variety 07 was the furthermost. The proximity value between varieties 01 and 02 was 0.916667, these varieties have the higest proximity value among allvarieties.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Cucumis sativus L., RAPD-PCR, isozyme.
Chemical properties of different rattan species traded in Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: TELLU ANDI TANRA
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to undstand chemical properties of different rattan species traded in Central Sulawesi Province. The chemical of rattan were tested according to SII.1657-85 for wich character of holoselulosa, SII.0443-81 for wich character of ï¡-selulosa, SII.0528-81 for wich character of lignin, and SII.1292.85 for wich character of silica. The study indicated that chemical properties of rattan varied amongst the species. The differences are supposed to have important criteria in identifying different species of rattan species traded in Central Sulawesi. Based on the result the highest quality of rattan is Calamus inops and the lowest is Calamus ornatus var. celebicus (lambang).Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: chemical, rattan, traded.
Starch conversion of ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) to bioethanol using acid hydrolysis and fermentation
Authors: PUTRI LILY SURAYYA EKA , SUKANDAR DEDE
Published: July 2014

Starch of ganyong is one of the sources of ethanol which is able to be produced by acid hydrolysis and fermentation process. It had high concentration of carbohydrate that is 80%, so it could produce glucose highly within acid hydrolysis process. The result showed that the optimal amount of reducing sugar had been produced by nitrate acid 7% (dextrose equivalent, DE = 28.4). Nevertheless, type and concentration of acid had no significantly correlation to reducing sugar yielded. The total amount of glucose had correlation to amount of ethanol, in fermentation process. The optimal amount of ethanol was yielded from 4.81% of glucose and it produced about 4.84% ethanol. The more amount of glucose was yielded the more ethanol was produced. Controlling pH every 12 hours did not affected to production of ethanol significantly.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: bioethanol, Canna edulis Ker, acid hydrolysis, fermentation.
Root yield and reserpine content of Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. on media under the plant with potential allelopathic effect by nutrient addition
Authors: SULANDJARI SULANDJARI
Published: July 2014

The root of Rauvolfia serpentina Benth (pule pandak) contains more than 50 kinds of alkaloid which is useful to treat many kinds of diseases and reserpine is ones to treat of hypertension. Eucalyptus deglupta and Acacia mangium have become release an allelochemy to ecosystem that are can reduce the growth of the plant association. The purpose of this research is to know about the influence of nutrient and media under the plant with potential allelopathic effect to root yield and reserpine content. The research was arranged in CompleteRandom Block Design. Nutrient was nested on media. Media are: under Tectona grandis, A. mangium, and E. deglupta. Nutrient is 30 t ha-1 organic fertilizers, 200 ha-1 inorganic (NPK) fertilizers and control. Polybag with 30 cmx30 cm plant densities and 20% of shading. The result are that beside under the T. grandis, pule pandak was capable to growth under the A. mangium and E. deglupta. Thirty ton per hectare organic fertilizers was increased of growth and yield more than 200 ha-1 inorganic (NPK) fertilizers. Allelocemy from A. mangium and E. deglupta was decreased dry root yield but was not effect to reserpine content.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: nutrient, Rauvolfia serpentina, reserpine, root yield.
Difference planted season and creeper-pole on both growth and yield of the two cultivars of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.)
Authors: SUPRIYONO SUPRIYONO
Published: July 2014

The aims of this research were to know the effect of different cultivars, planted seasons and creeper poles at velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.) growth, yield and their interactions. This research was conducted on litosol soil in Tancep, Ngawen, Gunungkidul on 170 m up sea level and 9-10Â° elevation. The depth of soil tillage was 5-17 cm. Design utilization was Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with factorial 3 factors. The treatment was (i) cultivars: rase and putih Gunungkidul (ii) planted seasons: dry and rainy seasons and (iii) creeperpoles: control, corn 0 weeks old, corn 2 weeks old, corn 4 weeks old and bambu. There is replicated 3 times. The result of this research was the 1st velvet bean growth on rainy season was rapidly but they have long time planted. The 2nd, by splited rase cultivars, rainy season and creeper-pole utilization was yield increased. The 3rd, on the rainy season, the high yield was come by rase cultivar and creeper-poleutilization. The 4th, with the 2 times velvet bean density and without calculated corn yield, rase cultivar planted on rainy season and bamboo creeper-pole coused the highest velvet bean yield but no significant different with 4 weeks corn creeper-pole.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: cultivars, planted seasons, creeper-pole, velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.).
Relationship between phytoplankton diversity and water quality of Bauluang Island in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: PIRZAN ANDI MARSAMBUANA , PONG-MASAK PETRUS RANI
Published: July 2014

Phytoplankton can be used as indicator of waters environment quality. This research was conducted in Bauluang Island waters of Takalar Regency of South Sulawesi. The aims of this research were study the richness and stabilization of Bauluang Island waters by analysis of phytoplankton diversity and their relationship of waters quality. Plankton net no. 25 was used to phytoplankton collection then it was preserved in MAF solution. Identification of phytoplankton was conducted until species level and counting cell method was used to calculate their population density. Varies phytoplankton density at the range of 470-2,680 ind./L and species at the range of 5-20 species. Phytoplankton stabilization was moderate while phytoplankton evenness was spread. Correlation (r) of phytoplankton diversity with alkalinity and total organic matter was 0.61 respectively.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: diversity, phytoplankton, water quality, Bauluang Island
Biomonitoring of ecosystem degradation caused by CPO waste of Mentaya River in Central Kalimantan use of esterase isozym electromorf method
Authors: SETYONO PRABANG , SOETARTO ENDANG SUTARININGSIH
Published: July 2014

The impact of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dock activity in Mentaya River of Central Borneo caused degradation of ecosystem, particularly on both mangrove and macrozoobenthos community. One of methods used for monitoring of ecosystem degradation was to determine species that were still survive under the polluted conditions. These survival species were assumed to synthesize alloenzyme that can be used as indicator. Alloenzyme was synthesized as an effort of adaptation processes toward environmental pressures caused by CPO spillon Mentaya River. Alloenzyme would be expressed as phenotypic and genotypic adaptation processes or phenotypic plasticity. Research was carried out, consisted of field research included collecting sample and environmental data (oil content, temperature, pH, electric conductivity and redox potential), and laboratory research included series analysis of water quality (DO, BOD, COD, pH, TSS, TDS) and also alloenzyme content of Soneratia caseolaris L. and Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man. The alloenzyme of root and leaves mangrove and prawnâ€™s hepatopancreas was analyzed using Spencer starch gel electrophoresis modified method of exposed on sucrose solution. Separated components of alloenzyme were detected by special staining for Esterase isozyme. The results revealed that Soneratia caseolaris L. and Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man were bioindicator organisms for the polluted site by oil spills from CPO loading activities. The polluted river water by oil spill from CPO activities decreased redox potential, DO, increased oil content, DHL, water temperature, pH sediment, pH water, TDS, BOD, COD, TSS. Gel electrophoretical analysis demonstrated that Mangrove Soneratia caseolaris synthesized alloenzyme consisted of complex enzymes such as EST in its root and leave cells. Those enzymes were nearly similar to those of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The oil spill from CPO have ester bonding so its adaptation mechanism with release Esterase isozyme to hodrolysis process. The similar component of the isozyme are promising enzyme used as a tool for biomonitoring and an effective methods for detection of early river ecosystem degradation.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: CPO, Isozym
Genetic implication of Shorea johorensis Foxw propagation methods in selective cutting and line planting silvicultural system
Authors: SIREGAR ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN , YUNANTO TEDI , PAMOENGKAS PRIJANTO
Published: July 2014

Attempt to rehabilitate degraded natural forests in Indonesia is recently carried out by applying selective cutting and line planting (TPTJ) silvicultural system. One of the most important aspects of TPTJ silvicultural system is the procurement methods of large number of planting stocks. Shorea johorensis Foxw was investigated in this regards as one of promising Shorea species for rehabilitating degraded forests due to its fast growing character. The species is usually propagated by three different propagation techniques, namely up-rooted seedlings, seeds and cuttings. Genetic consequences due to different propagation methods in this species are poorly known and need to be studied in order to determine genetic variation and differentiation. Material from five origins (populations), namely: (i) up-rooted seedlings, (ii) seeds, (iii) cuttings, (iv) young plantation and (v) natural forest were randomly taken in the field and subsequently assessed by RAPD using threepreviously tested random primers of OPO-11, OPO-13 and OPO-16. Results showed that natural tree populations showed the highest levels of genetic variation with mean values na = 1.2593, ne = 1.2070, PLP = 25.93% and He = 0.1109. Cutting populations showed the lowest levels of genetic variation with mean values na = 1.1111, ne = 1.0773, PLP = 11.11% and He = 0.0445. Meanwhile, according to the propagation techniques, up-rooted seedling population revealed the highest levels of genetic variation with mean values na = 1.2222, ne =1.1613, PLP = 22.22% and He = 0.0886. Particular methods of plant propagation in this company, especially cutting method, reduced significant genetic variation of S. johorensis.Key words: Shorea johorensis Foxw, RAPD, genetic variation, silvicultural system