bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates in the Context of Different Theories of Thermoelasticity
Authors: Zenkour A. M. , Mashat D. S. , Elsibai K. A.
Published: March 2010

The quasistatic bending response is presented for a simply supported functionally graded rectangular plate subjected to a through‐the‐thickness temperature field under the effect of various theories of generalized thermoelasticity, namely, classical dynamical coupled theory, Lord and Shulman′s theory with one relaxation time, and Green and Lindsay′s theory with two relaxation times. The generalized shear deformation theory obtained by the first author is used. Material properties of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple exponential law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The numerical illustrations concern quasistatic bending response of functionally graded square plates with two constituent materials are studied using the different theories of generalized thermoelasticity
Aerosol Monitoring over Athens Using Satellite and Ground‐Based Measurements
Authors: Kaskaoutis D. G. , Sifakis N. , Retalis A. , Kambezidis H. D.
Published: March 2010

Satellite data of moderate spatial resolution (MODIS and MERIS) were used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the urban area of Athens. MODIS products were obtained at a horizontal resolution of 10 by 10 km2centered over Athens, while the differential textural analysis (DTA) code was applied to MERIS images to retrieve relative‐to‐reference AOD with a resolution of 260 m by 290 m. The possibility of exploiting the full resolution of MERIS data in retrieving AOD over a grid of a few hundreds metres was thereby investigated for the first time. MERIS‐based AOD, centred at 560 nm, showed strong positive correlation to ground‐based PM10data (R2= 0.85), while MODIS AOD products were in agreement with both MERIS and PM10. Back trajectories were used to study the impact of atmospheric conditions prevailing during the examined days. Days associated with Saharan air masses corresponded to enhanced AOD and predominance of coarse‐mode particles. The results suggest that, at least for the case of Athens, AOD retrieved by MERIS images using the DTA code over cloud‐free areas can be related to PM10. The accuracy of retrieval mainly depends on the successful selection of the reference satellite data, namely, an image being least contaminated by tropospheric aerosols.
The Dark Matter Annihilation Signal from Dwarf Galaxies and Subhalos
Authors: Kuhlen Michael
Published: March 2010

Dark Matter annihilation holds great potential for directly probing the clumpiness of the Galactic
halo that is one of the key predictions of the Cold Dark Matter paradigm of hierarchical structure
formation. Here we review the γ‐ray signal arising from dark matter annihilation in the centers of Galactic subhalos. We consider both known Galactic dwarf satellite galaxies and dark clumps without a stellar component as potential sources. Utilizing the Via Lactea II numerical simulation, we estimate fluxes for 18 Galactic dwarf spheroidals with published central densities. The most
promising source is Segue 1, followed by Ursa Major II, Ursa Minor, Draco, and Carina. We show
that if any of the known Galactic satellites can be detected, then at least ten times more subhalos
should be visible, with a significant fraction of them being dark clumps.
Study of the Effect of Reduced Iron Temperature Rising on Total Carbon Formation in Iron Reactor Isobaric and Cooling Zone
Authors: Alamsari Bayu , Torii Shuichi , Trianto Azis , Bindar Yazid
Published: March 2010

We presented the mathematical model in the iron reactor. The model was limited to Isobaric Zone and Cooling Zone termed as IZ and CZ, respectively. The simulation was done by adapting the heat and mass transfer equations. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the temperature increasing effect of reduced-iron on sponge-iron quality. The calculations are solved using Finite Element Method (FEM). The results showed that the temperature and concentration values from the simulation have high similarity to the reference data with Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) about 0.7. The formation of total-carbon in the both zones decreased metallization degree until 1.72%. The increase in reduced-iron temperature higher than 1200 K produces total-carbon higher than 3%. Thus the increase in reduced-iron temperature more than 1200 K is not recommended because it can decrease metallization degree.
Optimal Portfolios in Lévy Markets under State‐Dependent Bounded Utility Functions
Authors: Figueroa-López José E. , Ma Jin
Published: March 2010

Motivated by the so‐called shortfall risk minimization problem,
we consider Merton′s portfolio optimization problem in a non‐Markovian
market driven by a Lévy process, with a bounded state‐dependent utility
function. Following the usual dual variational approach, we show that the
domain of the dual problem enjoys an explicit “parametrization,” built on
a multiplicative optional decomposition for nonnegative supermartingales
due to Föllmer and Kramkov (1997). As a key step we prove a closure property
for integrals with respect to a fixed Poisson random measure, extending a
result by Mémin (1980). In the case where either the Lévy measure ν of Z has finite number of atoms or for a process ζ and a
deterministic function ϑ, we characterize explicitly the admissible trading
strategies and show that the dual solution is a risk‐neutral local martingale.
Fulminant Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia Just after Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Auxiliadora-Martins Maria , Alkmin-Teixeira Gil Cezar , Feres Omar , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Basile-Filho Anibal
Published: March 2010

Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is not a rare clinical entity in intensive medicine, and it can be a consequence of several clinical or surgical situations. This pathology results from reduced intestinal microvascular blood supply associated with an acute inflammatory process, culminating with bowel necrosis. This is a case on a female patient who developed immediate postsurgical NOMI following hip arthroplasty and died. Since diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition remains a dilemma, NOMI should always be considered an eventual postoperative complication in high-risk surgical patients such as elderly individuals with previous history of nicotine abuse, congestive heart failure, and essential hypertension. The present paper highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt adequate treatment of NOMI in subjects with diminished cardiac output and severe abdominal pain.
Hard-Wired Dopant Networks and the Prediction of High Transition Temperatures in Ceramic Superconductors
Authors: Phillips J. C.
Published: March 2010

I review the multiple successes of the discrete hard-wired dopant network model ZZIP, and comment on the equally numerous failures of continuum models, in describing and predicting the properties of ceramic superconductors. The prediction of transition temperatures can be regarded in several ways, either as an exacting test of theory, or as a tool for identifying theoretical rules for defining new homology models. Popular “first principle” methods for predicting transition temperatures in conventional crystalline superconductors have failed for cuprate HTSC, as have parameterized models based on planes (with or without apical oxygen). Following a path suggested by Bayesian probability, it was found that the glassy, self-organized dopant network percolative model is so successful that it defines a new homology class appropriate to ceramic superconductors. The reasons for this success in an exponentially complex (non-polynomial complete, NPC) problem are discussed, and a critical comparison is made with previous polynomial (PC) theories. The predictions are successful for the superfamily of all ceramics, including new non-cuprates based on FeAs in place of .
Cytokines and Their STATs in Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Cummings Hannah E. , Tuladhar Rashmi , Satoskar Abhay R.
Published: March 2010

Cytokines play a critical role in shaping the host immune response toLeishmaniainfection and directing the development of protective and non-protective immunities during infection. Cytokines exert their biological activities through the activation and translocation of transcription factors into the nucleus whether they drive the expression of specific cytokine-responsive genes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) are transcription factors which play a critical role in mediating signaling downstream of cytokine receptors and are important for shaping the host immune response duringLeishmaniainfection. Here we discuss the signature cytokines and their associated STATs involved in the host immune response during cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
Ghrelin, Des-Acyl Ghrelin, and Obestatin: Regulatory Roles on the Gastrointestinal Motility
Authors: Fujimiya Mineko , Asakawa Akihiro , Ataka Koji , Chen Chih-Yen , Kato Ikuo , Inui Akio
Published: March 2010

Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin, and obestatin are derived from a common prohormone, preproghrelin by posttranslational processing, originating from endocrine cells in the stomach. To examine the regulatory roles of these peptides, we applied the manometric measurement of gastrointestinal motility in freely moving conscious rat or mouse model. Ghrelin exerts stimulatory effects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in both fed and fasted state of animals. Des-acyl ghrelin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum but not on the motility of duodenum in the fasted state of animals. Obestatin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in the fed state but not in the fasted state of animals. NPY Y2 and Y4 receptors in the brain may mediate the action of ghrelin, CRF type 2 receptor in the brain may mediate the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain may mediate the action of obestatin. Vagal afferent pathways might be involved in the action of ghrelin, but not involved in the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas vagal afferent pathways might be partially involved in the action of obestatin.
Endonuclease IV Is the Main Base Excision Repair Enzyme Involved in DNA Damage Induced by UVA Radiation and Stannous Chloride
Authors: Motta Ellen S. , Souza-Santos Paulo Thiago , Cassiano Tuany R. , Dantas Flávio J. S. , Caldeira-de-Araujo Adriano , De Mattos José Carlos P.
Published: March 2010

Stannous chloride (SnCl2) and UVA induce DNA lesions through ROS. The aim of this work was to study the toxicity induced by UVA preillumination, followed bySnCl2treatment.E. coliBER mutants were used to identify genes which could play a role in DNA lesion repair generated by these agents. The survival assays showed (i) Thenfomutant was the most sensitive toSnCl2; (ii) lethal synergistic effect was observed after UVA pre-illumination, plusSnCl2incubation, thenfomutant being the most sensitive; (iii) wild type andnfomutants, transformed with pBW21 plasmid (nfo+) had their survival increased following treatments. The alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis assays pointed that (i) UVA induced DNA breaks andfpgmutant was the most sensitive; (ii)SnCl2-induced DNA strand breaks were higher than those from UVA andnfomutant had the slowest repair kinetics; (iii)UVA+SnCl2promoted an increase in DNA breaks thanSnCl2and, again,nfomutant displayed the slowest repair kinetics. In summary, Nfo protectsE. colicells against damage induced bySnCl2andUVA+SnCl2.
Is There a Predisposition Gene for Ewing's Sarcoma?
Authors: Randall R. L. , Lessnick S. L. , Jones K. B. , Gouw L. G. , Cummings J. E. , Cannon-Albright L. , Schiffman J. D.
Published: March 2010

Ewing's sarcoma is a highly malignant tumor of children and young adults. The molecular mechanisms that underlie Ewing's Sarcoma development are beginning to be understood. For example, most cases of this disease harbor somatic chromosomal translocations that fuse theEWSR1gene on chromosome 22 with members of the ETS family. While some cooperative genetic events have been identified, such as mutations inTP53or deletions of theCDKN2Alocus, these appear to be absent in the vast majority of cases. It is therefore uncertain whether EWS/ETS translocations are the only consistently present alteration in this tumor, or whether there are other recurrent abnormalities yet to be discovered. One method to discover such mutations is to identify familial cases of Ewing's sarcoma and to then map the susceptibility locus using traditional genetic mapping techniques. Although cases of sibling pairs with Ewing's sarcoma exist, familial cases of Ewing's sarcoma have not been reported. While Ewing's sarcoma has been reported as a 2nd malignancy after retinoblastoma, significant associations of Ewing's sarcoma with classic tumor susceptibility syndromes have not been identified. We will review the current evidence, or lack thereof, regarding the potential of a heritable condition predisposing to Ewing's sarcoma.
Intraosseous Hemangioma of the Inferior Turbinate
Authors: Takeda Kazuya , Takenaka Yukinori , Hashimoto Michiko
Published: March 2010

The nasal cavity harbors an enormous variety of neoplasms, including epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Hemangioma is an infrequent mesenchymal tumor of the nasal cavity, mostly arising in the mucosa and rarely in the bones. We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with a tumor in her left nasal cavity. The tumor originated from the left inferior turbinate. Histological examination subsequent to complete excision revealed that the tumor was an intraosseous cavernous hemangioma. To our knowledge, this is the second case of intraosseous hemangioma of the inferior turbinate reported in the English literature.
Tight Junctions: A Barrier to the Initiation and Progression of Breast Cancer?
Authors: Brennan Kieran , Offiah Gozie , McSherry Elaine A. , Hopkins Ann M.
Published: March 2010

Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that arises from epithelial cells lining the breast ducts and lobules. Correct adhesion between adjacent epithelial cells is important in determining the normal structure and function of epithelial tissues, and there is accumulating evidence that dysregulated cell-cell adhesion is associated with many cancers. This review will focus on one cell-cell adhesion complex, the tight junction (TJ), and summarize recent evidence that TJs may participate in breast cancer development or progression. We will first outline the protein composition of TJs and discuss the functions of the TJ complex. Secondly we will examine how alterations in these functions might facilitate breast cancer initiation or progression; by focussing on the regulatory influence of TJs on cell polarity, cell fate and cell migration. Finally we will outline how pharmacological targeting of TJ proteins may be useful in limiting breast cancer progression. Overall we hope to illustrate that the relationship between TJ alterations and breast cancer is a complex one; but that this area offers promise in uncovering fundamental mechanisms linked to breast cancer progression.
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Endocrine Disease
Authors: Peppa Melpomeni , Koliaki Chrysi , Nikolopoulos Panagiotis , Raptis Sotirios A.
Published: March 2010

We summarize the existing literature data concerning the involvement of skeletal muscle (SM) in whole body glucose homeostasis and the contribution of SM insulin resistance (IR) to the metabolic derangements observed in several endocrine disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adrenal disorders and thyroid function abnormalities. IR in PCOS is associated with a unique postbinding defect in insulin receptor signaling in general and in SM in particular, due to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Adrenal hormone excess is also associated with disrupted insulin action in peripheral tissues, such as SM. Furthermore, both hyper- and hypothyroidism are thought to be insulin resistant states, due to insulin receptor and postreceptor defects. Further studies are definitely needed in order to unravel the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In summary, the principal mechanisms involved in muscle IR in the endocrine diseases reviewed herein include abnormal phosphorylation of insulin signaling proteins, altered muscle fiber composition, reduced transcapillary insulin delivery, decreased glycogen synthesis, and impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
Blind Feedforward Timing Estimation for Constant‐Modulus Signalling in Time‐Varying Fading Channels
Authors: Prakriya Shankar
Published: March 2010

A simple low‐complexity algorithm is proposed for blind feedforward symbol timing estimation in time‐varying flat‐fading channels, assuming constant modulus
signalling. Its important properties are brought out using asymptotic analysis. It is shown that at high Signal‐to‐Noise Ratios (SNRs), the algorithm results in a timing estimate with negligible bias. It also has a Mean‐Square‐Error (MSE) performance that is superior for short data records and small roll‐off factors to that of the Square‐Law‐(SQL‐) and the CycloStationarity‐(CS‐) based algorithms available to date. Computer simulations are presented to demonstrate effectiveness of the algorithm.
Aberrant Methylation of Thrombospondin-1 and Its Association with Reduced Expression in Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Wei , Dong Zhiming , He Ming , Guo Yanli , Guo Jianwen , Chen Zhifeng , Yang Zhibin , Kuang Gang
Published: March 2010

Aim. Investigate the promoter methylation of the Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) gene in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA).Methods. MSP approach, immunohistochemistry method, and RT-PCR were used respectively to examine the promoter methylation of TSP1, its protein and mRNA expression in tumors and corresponding normal tissues. The expression and concentration of TGF-β1 were examined respectively by immunohistochemistry and ELISA method. The status of T cell immunity was examined by Flow cytometry analysis.Results. TSP1 was methylated in 34/96 (35.4%) tumor specimens, which was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (P<.001). Protein and mRNA expression of TSP1 in GCA tumor tissues were reduced significantly and were associated with TSP1 methylation. The protein expression of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in tumor tissues (P<.001) and was associated with TNM stage and histological differentiation. The concentration of active and total TGF-β1 did not show significant difference between the GCA patients with hypermethylation of TSP1 and without methylation of TSP1 (P>.05). The function of T cell immunity was significantly different between the GCA patients with hypermethylation of TSP1 and without methylation of TSP1.Conclusions. Epigenetic silencing of TSP1 gene by promoter hypermethylation may play an important role in GCA.
The Software for the Robotization of the TROBAR Telescope
Authors: Stefanon Mauro
Published: March 2010

The Telescopi ROBotic de ARas (TROBAR) is a new robotic facility built at
Aras de Los Olmos (Valencia, Spain). This is a 60 cm telescope equipped with a 4 k × 4 k optical camera, corresponding to 30 × 30 arcmin2 FoV, and it will be primarily used for a systematic search of Ha emitting stars in the Galactic Plane to a depth of ≈14 mag. Both data acquisition and reduction will be performed automatically. The robotization of data acquisition is now entering its final coding phase while the development of the data reduction pipeline has just started.
𝒩‐Structures Applied to Closed Ideals in BCH‐Algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Öztürk Mehmet Ali , Roh Eun Hwan
Published: March 2010

The notions of 𝒩‐subalgebras and 𝒩‐closed ideals in BCH‐algebras are introduced, and the relation between 𝒩‐subalgebras
and 𝒩‐closed ideals is considered.
Characterizations of 𝒩‐subalgebras and 𝒩‐closed ideals are provided. Using special subsets, 𝒩‐subalgebras and
𝒩‐closed ideals are constructed.
A condition for an 𝒩‐subalgebra to be an
𝒩‐closed ideal is discussed. Given an 𝒩‐structure,
the greatest 𝒩‐closed ideal which is contained in the 𝒩‐structure is established.
Two Versions of the Projection Postulate: From EPR Argument to One‐Way Quantum Computing and Teleportation
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei
Published: March 2010

Nowadays it is practically forgotten that for observables with degenerate spectra the original von Neumann projection postulate differs crucially from the version of the projection postulate which was later formalized by
Lüders. The latter (and not that due to von Neumann) plays the crucial role in the basic constructions of quantum information theory. We start this paper with the presentation of the notions related to the projection postulate. Then we remind that the argument of Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen against completeness of QM was based on the version of the projection
postulate which is nowadays called Lüders postulate. Then we recall that all basic measurements on composite systems are represented by observables with degenerate spectra. This implies that the difference in the formulation
of the projection postulate (due to von Neumann and Lüders) should be taken into account seriously in the analysis of the basic constructions of quantum information theory. This paper is a review devoted to such an analysis.
Design and Fabrication of 1 2 Nanophotonic Switch
Authors: Shahmoon Asaf , Birenboim Maoz , Frydman Aviad , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: March 2010

We present the design and the fabrication of a novel nanophotonic switch. The switch is a photonic T-junction in which a gold nano particle is being positioned in the junction using the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). The novelty of this switch is related to its ability to control the direction of wave that propagates along a photonic structure. The selectivity of the direction is determined by a gold nanoparticle having dimension of a few tens of nanometer. This particle can be shifted. The shift of the gold nano particle can be achieved by applying voltage or by illuminating it with a light source. The shifts of the particle, inside the air gap, direct the input beam ones to the left output of the junction and once to its right output. Three types of simulations have been done in order to realize the photonic T-junction, and they are as follows: photonic crystal structures, waveguide made out of PMMA, and a silicon waveguide.
Real-Time Observation of Cuprates Structural Dynamics by Ultrafast Electron Crystallography
Authors: Carbone F. , Gedik N. , Lorenzana J. , Zewail A. H.
Published: March 2010

The phonon-mediated attractive interaction between carriers leads to the Cooper pair formation in conventional superconductors. Despite decades of research, the glue holding Cooper pairs in high-temperature superconducting cuprates is still controversial, and the same is true for the relative involvement of structural and electronic degrees of freedom. Ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC) offers, through observation of spatiotemporally resolved diffraction, the means for determining structural dynamics and the possible role of electron-lattice interaction. A polarized femtosecond (fs) laser pulse excites the charge carriers, which relax through electron-electron and electron-phonon couplings, and the consequential structural distortion is followed diffracting fs electron pulses. In this paper, the recent findings obtained on cuprates are summarized. In particular, we discuss the strength and symmetry of the directional electron-phonon coupling inBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(BSCCO), as well as thec-axis structural instability induced by near-infrared pulses inLa2CuO4(LCO). The theoretical implications of these results are discussed with focus on the possibility of charge stripes being significant in accounting for the polarization anisotropy of BSCCO, and cohesion energy (Madelung) calculations being descriptive of thec-axis instability in LCO.
A Framework for the Prioritization of Investment in the Provision of Genetic Tests
Authors: Kroese Mark , Burton Hilary , Whittaker Joanne , Lakshman Rajalakshmi , Alberg Corinna
Published: March 2010

Background: The UK Genetic Testing Network (UKGTN) established a process for the evaluation of genetic tests for entry onto the National Health Service (NHS) Directory of Molecular Genetic Testing. The Network requested the development and piloting of a prioritization framework that could be used for the commissioning of genetic tests by the NHS. Methods: A selected working group developed and piloted a multi-criteria prioritization process using 10 genetic tests evaluated by the UKGTN. Results: The framework was able to rank the 10 genetic tests used in the pilot. The rankings were also consistent with the commissioning recommendations for these genetic tests by the UKGTN. Conclusion:A set of criteria for the prioritization of genetic tests has been developed. The results from the pilot suggest that the methodology is valid and robust but requires considerable resources to implement. Further development of the process is needed before the framework could be used to influence commissioning decisions for clinical genetic services in the NHS.
Men’s health promotion in Canada: Current context and future direction
Authors: Robertson Steve , Galdas Paul M , McCreary Donald R , Oliffe John L , Tremblay Gilles
Published: March 2010

The issue of ‘men’s health’, and how best to promote it, has been gaining increasing attention in both academic and media arenas across the globe. Whilst commentaries on the state of health promotion for men have been provided in countries including Australia and the United Kingdom, no corresponding Canadian-specific insights have yet been published. This article provides such an overview, focusing on research, policy and practice and suggesting what future direction men’s health promotion in Canada might take.
A qualitative evaluation of the views of community workers on the dental health education material available in New South Wales for culturally and linguistically diverse communities
Authors: Blinkhorn Anthony , Gittani Jamily
Published: March 2010

Objective To record the views of individuals whose main professional role is community liaison on dental health education material for culturally and linguistically diverse communities.

Methods Tape-recorded interviews were undertaken, reviewed by two individuals and themes identified.

Results Twenty four individuals were interviewed out of a possible 30 potential participants. Three main themes emerged: translation and use of language; inappropriate use of illustrations; dental problems inadequately addressed. There was consensus that the majority of health education literature produced by a multitude of health care agencies was patronizing, inadequately tested and gave little thought to different end-user groups.

Conclusion Producers of dental health information literature should research their potential user groups more carefully.
Occupational stress, mental health status and stress management behaviors among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Sharron SK , Wah Mak Yim , Yu Chui Ying , Chiang Vico CL , Lee Angel CK
Published: March 2010

Objective This study aimed to examine occupational stress and mental health among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong, and to identify the differences between those actively engaged in stress management behaviors and those who were not.

Design Survey design was adopted using validated instruments including Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) II.

Setting The sample was 89 secondary school teachers who attended a professional development course offered by the University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China.

Method All 99 students who attended the professional development course were invited and 89 consented to participate and returned the completed questionnaires.

Results The majority of participants (75.3 percent) reported fair to very low satisfaction with the teaching career, and 82 percent of them felt unaccountably tired or exhausted. Results of OSI-R showed that 38.6 percent had experienced strong maladaptive stress due to vocational strain but coping resource was limited with most deficits on rational and cognitive coping. Analysis of DASS-21 indicated that 30.3 percent had severe to extremely severe anxiety and 12.3 percent had severe to extremely severe depression. HPLP II revealed that participants paid little attention to their own health and the management of stress. Those who exhibited more stress management behaviors showed significantly less physical symptoms, higher satisfaction with teaching, and lower occupational stress.

Conclusion Secondary teachers in Hong Kong have high occupational stress but insufficient stress coping resources. Cognitive-behavioral programs to enhance teachers’ stress management resources are recommended.
Do we need to understand the technology to get to the science? A systematic review of the concept of computer literacy in preventive health programs
Authors: Dominick Gregory M , Friedman Daniela B , Hoffman-Goetz Laurie
Published: March 2010

Objective To systematically review definitions and descriptions of computer literacy as related to preventive health education programs.

Method A systematic review of the concept of computer literacy as related to preventive health education was conducted. Empirical studies published between 1994 and 2007 on prevention education programs with a computer literacy component were found using medical/health, communication, information science and education databases.

Results A total of 464 citations were retrieved from 12 databases using specific search terms. Six articles met the inclusion criteria of: search terms in title, abstract and/or key words; peer-reviewed; original empirical research; and written in English.

Conclusion Findings show limited and inconsistent definitions of computer literacy in the literature on computer-based prevention interventions. Without a clear construct of computer literacy, it will be difficult to determine the impact of such programs on health information seeking and, ultimately, health status.
In defiance of genre: The language of Patrick Modiano’s Dora Bruder project
Authors: Howell Jennifer
Published: March 2010

Dora Bruder, unique to Patrick Modiano’s literary repertoire, remains unclassifiable with respect to genre due to its constant oscillation between fiction, biography and autobiography. The publication of an English translation has further complicated the task of classification.While some scholars persist in their usage of the term ‘autofiction’ to describe this work, Modiano’s reliance on visual elements such as photography and maps suggests that Dora Bruder would be more aptly classified as an instance of second-generation Holocaust ekphrasis. It is my contention that strict textual analyses that ignore Dora Bruder’s distinctive publication history fail to grasp not only the work’s defining image—text dynamic, but also its continued existence as a work in progress. The current analysis therefore proposes a new reading of Dora Bruder in an attempt to reach beyond the Western conception of canonical literature and to better understand Modiano’s Dora Bruder project.
Commodity aesthetics: The industrial exhibitions of Paris, 1834—1844, reviewed
Authors: Murphy Margueritte
Published: March 2010

The industrial exhibitions in Paris during the July Monarchy drew large crowds and broad coverage in the press. Reviews of these exhibitions frequently appeared in newspapers that covered the annual art Salons, and often in the same part of the publication — in the feuilleton space. Thus an aesthetic of the commodity emerges in the reviews of the industrial exhibitions, as readers were taught to view the objects produced by industry with the same eye that assessed the value of new works of art. This essay concerns the contours of this aesthetic and how reviewers produced interest in these objects on display. Coverage of these exhibitions reveals the dominance of progress as an organizing paradigm for the historical consciousness in the early nineteenth century. Yet, at the same time, counterbalancing such a valuation of progress, objects are often represented as connected to or evocative of a lost pre-Revolutionary past.
Reinvigorating the Reich: African slaves, German saviours and imperial identity in the Deutsche Kolonialzeitung, 1888—1889
Authors: Geissler Christopher M
Published: March 2010

The Deutsche Kolonialzeitung , the preeminent colonialist publication in the German Empire, was at the forefront of the German anti-slavery movement in the late 1880s.This pan-European movement, with its origins in the Roman Catholic Church, was quickly co-opted by the Kolonialzeitung to advance public enthusiasm for German colonialism. This article examines how the newspaper used the anti-slavery movement as a tool for building German national consciousness in 1888—9, at the height of the movement. To do this, the Kolonialzeitung drew upon historical examples to portray a German leadership role as preordained. By using nationalized religious language and criticizing European partners, the newspaper sought to unite Germans, who were still divided by religion as a result of Bismarck’s anti-Catholic politics. This article further seeks to address the relative lack of attention to the colonial press in examinations of German imperialism.
Imitation without Interaction: How Firms Identify with Clusters
Authors: Staber Udo
Published: March 2010

Although shared identity occupies a central place in theorizing about regional business clusters, there has been little research on the processes by which identity is constructed. In particular, little is known about the role of imitation and its relationship to social interaction in managers’ identification with the cluster in which the firm is located. Drawing on economic and socio-economic approaches, I develop hypotheses concerning the effect of frequency-based and trait-based imitation on the strength of identification with the cluster. Using data on 146 small business owners in five mature textile clusters in south-west Germany, I find that both imitation modes strengthen identification, though to varying degrees. Contrary to much research on clusters, the regression results indicate that identification can be sustained even in the absence of cooperative social interaction.
Civilizations or Globalization(s)?
Authors: Inglis David
Published: March 2010

Civilizational analysis of the kind propounded by Eisenstadt and globalization theory are apparently wholly incommensurate paradigms, with radically differing visions of the contemporary world order, the former championing the notion of ‘multiple modernities’ and the latter envisioning a world of trans-national processes and institutions. This articles challenges such a dichotomizing view, and seeks to illustrate how in various ways they overlap and can come to inform each other. Particular attention is given to how a focus on inter-civilizational interactions can lead to productive rapprochements between civilizational analysis and globalization theory, as it allows some of the themes of the latter to be analysed through civilization-analytic lenses. The pioneering work in this regard of Benjamin Nelson is shown to provide a basis for future civilizational analyses of globalization, especially in the pre-modern world.
Visual Environment Within the Already-built Underground Development in South Korea
Authors: Kim Gon , Jeong Tai Kim
Published: March 2010

The utilisation of underground spaces has been receiving more attention in Korea in recent years. However, due to continuous complaints of environmental quality from would-be occupiers, the developers must identify the possible negative aspects that could potentially relate to the physical characteristics of underground spaces to alleviate the impacts. This research aims to determine the sustainable design guidelines for underground developments in relation to the visual environments. At the first stage, the study focused on the evaluation of the already-built examples to assess the problems that exist in the underground spaces of high-rise offices recently built in Korea. The visual aspect in terms of illuminance and the human responses with regard to naturally occurring lighting in the underground environment are the issues of major concern. A series of model simulation has provided the advance configurations for the commonly used sunken structures. The study has also proffered skylight systems as a better sustainable solution for the underground development.
Asbestos in Korean Buildings, Safety Concerns, and Sensible Risk Assessment
Authors: Jeong Tai Kim  , Hoskins John A.
Published: March 2010

In spite of concerns by some, chrysotile or white asbestos continues to be used throughout much of the world although several countries have questioned its safety and a number of them have decided to ban its use for any purpose. The reason is largely because the commercial exploitation over a century ago was carried through with little regard for health and safety through ignorance of possible health effects. Poor working conditions with high airborne fibre levels produced a high level of disease. No effects were noted in people exposed to chrysotile at low fibre levels and recent studies have confirmed this lack of effect. However, concern regarding the early mistakes persists to the present time, the subject has become politicised and in 2007 the Korean government banned further use of chrysotile cement. This high level action affects the attitudes of the public, building owners, and occupiers. There is overwhelming evidence that low level exposure has no adverse health effects and that there is a practical threshold. Whether or not the Korean government ever rescinds the ban the fact remains that abatement and replacement of existing chrysotile materials because of a fear of very low level exposure is incompatible with sustainable building practices.
Effect of Background Luminance on Discomfort Glare in Relation to the Glare Source Size
Authors: Kim Wonwoo , Jeong Tai Kim
Published: March 2010

Discomfort glare from bright luminaires or windows is not a simple matter but consists of a complex relationship between a number of factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the background luminance on discomfort glare in relation to the size of the glare source. An experiment was conducted with observers. In the experiment, the change in the discomfort glare, depending on the change in the background luminance, was measured using different sizes of glare sources. Seven sizes of steradian of the glare source were selected and five levels of background luminance were chosen for the experiment. The results showed that the higher the background luminance, the smaller the observer’s degree of discomfort glare. The exponent of background luminance changed clearly into different patterns in relation to the sizes of the glare source. A new mathematical formula has been developed by this study to determine the exponent of the background luminance for use in the range from 0.0003 to 5 sr of the glare source. The use of this formula would extend the application limit of the current unified glare rating formula from the current limit of 0.1 to 5 sr. Using the formula, the change in the background luminance would have no impact on the discomfort glare, in case when the glare source occupies the entire visual field.
Monitoring and Evaluation of a Light-pipe System used in Korea
Authors: Geun Young Yun  , Hwa Young Shin  , Jeong Tai Kim
Published: March 2010

The use of natural lighting has the potential for improving both the energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality in buildings. A light-pipe system can bring natural light to spaces that would otherwise not be able to benefit from the advantages of daylight penetration. This paper presents the monitoring results of a light-pipe system that was installed in a window-less space of a building located in Korea. Indoor illuminance distributions and concurrent outdoor illuminance were monitored at a 1 s interval over a period from April 2009 to May 2009. The results demonstrated the effects caused by the amount of clouds, solar altitudes and external total illuminances; on both the daylighting performance of the light-pipe system and the indoor illuminance distributions of the space. The findings of this study indicated that the light-pipe system could be an effective tool particularly for introducing daylight indoors, even under overcast sky conditions in Korea.
UV-Ray Filtering Capability of Transparent Glazing Materials for Built Environments
Authors: Kim Gon , Jeong Tai Kim
Published: March 2010

In terms of lighting for the built environment, both providing healthy light and eliminating harmful components of light are the key factors for consolidation and for health promotion. The ingredients of daylight are exceedingly complicated and are classified by the wavelength of light. Ultraviolet (UV) light, wavelength between 400 nm—10 nm, is more energetic and will penetrate more readily through obstacles than visible light. In spite of all their positive uses, UV rays are very harmful for anyone who spends a large amount of time in the sun without proper protection. Glass and film manufacturers produce optically functional glass panes to control UV and infrared rays of sunlight. In order to curb excessive penetration of UV rays, optically functional glasses have been proposed and the performance assessments of the glazed materials have been measured and reported in this paper. Various pair-glasses consisting of UV control glass and the conventional are manufactured and evaluated, providing the photometric data in terms of wavelength. In conclusion, UV protection glass is more effective in controlling UV rays of natural light. Obviously, clear glass treated with UV protection film would provide excellent control of UV penetration and a pair of clear and UV protection glass treated with UV protection film should be recommended; this achieves 96.7% UV protection performance from natural light.
Energy Saving by Utilizing Natural Ventilation in Public Housing in Hong Kong
Authors: Yik Francis W.H. , Yu Fat Lun
Published: March 2010

Building occupants can enjoy a healthy and comfortable indoor environment and use less cooling energy if sufficient natural ventilation is available in their dwellings. Assessing the natural ventilation performance of building designs requires modelling of the external wind environment, the natural ventilation rate and the thermal environment in individual rooms, and reduction in the use of air-conditioning equipment. These are complicated processes. A practical approach for assessing the natural ventilation performance of residential building designs is presented in this paper. The method includes prediction of wind pressures upon window openings in the building façade by computational fluid dynamics simulation, natural ventilation rate prediction using a flow network simulation model, and indoor free-float temperature and air-conditioning energy-use predictions using a building heat transfer and an air-conditioner performance simulation programme. Additionally, the method includes a simplified statistical approach to deal with the random variations in the speed and direction of the wind. This method has been applied to assess the natural ventilation performance of a standard public housing block design widely used in Hong Kong, taking into account when the wind wing walls were incorporated into the building façade and when the separation distances among the building blocks were widened by 25% and 50%.
Review: The Impact of Light in Buildings on Human Health
Authors: Boyce Peter R.
Published: March 2010

The effects of light on health can be divided into three sections. The first is that of light as radiation. Exposure to the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation produced by light sources can damage both the eye and skin, through both thermal and photochemical mechanisms. Such damage is rare for indoor lighting installations designed for vision but can occur in some situations. The second is light operating through the visual system. Lighting enables us to see but lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort are likely to lead to eyestrain. Anyone who frequently experiences eyestrain is not enjoying the best of health. The lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort in buildings are well known and easily avoided. The third is light operating through the circadian system. This is known to influence sleep patterns and believed to be linked to the development of breast cancer among night shift workers.

There is still much to learn about the impact of light on human health but what is known is enough to ensure that the topic requires the attention of all those concerned with the lighting of buildings.
Developing a Building Energy Management Framework Based on Ubiquitous Sensor Networks
Authors: Lertlakkhanakul Jumphon , Yoon Seunghyun , Choi Jinwon
Published: March 2010

Building energy management systems (BEMS) have commonly been applied to minimise building operation costs through effective building management. Our approach was to find a new method by which building information could be applied to ubiquitous sensor networks. A new BEMS framework to minimise energy consumption in building facility management and utilise energy optimally was devised. A sensor location model was constructed based on the concept of defining the minimum activity area dependent on furniture boundaries. Semantic location of the usable area relative to architectural components was first introduced to deliver high-level context to the sensing environment. A Gong-BEMS solution has been developed to demonstrate how spatial information can be constructed and exploited in the building energy management process.
Wireless Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality by a Sensor Network
Authors: Kim Jong-Jin , Sung Kwon Jung  , Jeong Tai Kim
Published: March 2010

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important public health issue. Driven by rising energy costs, buildings are increasingly built or renovated to be air tight to reduce unwanted heat loss. In consequence the air quality levels in such buildings are degraded. This study presents a wireless sensor network for monitoring IAQ in buildings. Comprised of various IAQ sensors, this network is capable of measuring IAQ levels at various locations within a building simultaneously. The network is integrated with the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems in the building to ensure acceptable air quality in interior spaces. Using the sensor network, various indoor air pollutants (CO, CO2, VOCs, and airborne particles) can be measured in spaces that house potential sources of pollutant production. When measured pollutant levels are higher than acceptable, the network will alarm indoor occupants, trigger activation of the building’s climate control equipment, exhaust polluted air, and bring in fresh air from the outside. The ultimate aim of this study is to implement the sensor network throughout various building types. To this end, an affordable, low-cost, wireless IAQ controller that can be easily installed avoiding the need for costly wiring was developed.