bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear Resistance of Fibrous Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Opening – A Critical Review
Authors: Karim Dr. Ferhad Rahim , Ahmed Lawand Dyari
Published: July 2022

Reinforced concrete deep beams are more prone to shear failure. Thus, it is important to study the shear behavior for structural reinforcements. The presence of web openings in reinforced concrete deep beams is frequently required to provide accessibility such as doors and windows or to accommodate essential services such as ventilating and air conditioning ducts that affect the shear resistance. This research highlights the limited research on the shear resistance of fibrous reinforced concrete deep beams containing openings worldwide and illustrates their influence on shear behavior. This review has shown that the ultimate and the first cracking loads increase, increasing steel fiber content to a certain limit. End hooked steel fiber with 1.5% gave the highest shear resistance and ultimate load capacity compared with other types of steel fiber. Moreover, the stiffness of reinforced concrete deep beams increased with increasing fiber content from 0 to 1.5%. In addition, the effect of web openings on the shear strength of deep beams at the ultimate and cracking loads depends on the degree of interruption of the natural load path joining the loading.
The metabolic phenotype of patients with primary aldosteronism: impact of subtype and sex – a multicenter-study of 3566 Caucasian and Asian subjects
Authors: Spyroglou Ariadni , Handgriff Laura , Müller Lisa , Schwarzlmüller Paul , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Fuss Carmina Teresa , Remde Hana , Hirsch Anna , O’Toole Samuel Matthew , Thuzar Moe , Petramala Luigi , Letizia Claudio , Deflorenne Elisa , Amar Laurence , Vrckovnik Rok , Kocjan Tomaz , Zhang Catherine D , Li Dingfeng , Singh Sumitabh , Katabami Takuyuki , Yoneda Takashi , Murakami Masanori , Wada Norio , Inagaki Nobuya , Quinkler Marcus , Ghigo Ezio , Maccario Mauro , Stowasser Michael , Drake William M , Fassnacht Martin , Bancos Irina , Reincke Martin , Naruse Mitsuhide , Beuschlein Felix
Published: July 2022

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome, in particular with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Whether these manifestations are primarily linked to aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) or bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in metabolic parameters between APA and IHA patients and to assess the impact of treatment on these clinical characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including 3566 patients with APA or IHA of Caucasian and Asian origin. We compared the prevalence of metabolic disorders between APA and IHA patients at the time of diagnosis and 1-year post-intervention, with special references to sex differences. Furthermore, correlations between metabolic parameters and plasma aldosterone, renin, or plasma cortisol levels after 1 mg dexamethasone (DST) were performed.

Results

As expected, APA patients were characterized by higher plasma aldosterone and lower serum potassium levels. Only female IHA patients demonstrated significantly worse metabolic parameters than age-matched female APA patients, which were associated with lower cortisol levels upon DST. One-year post-intervention, female adrenalectomized patients showed deterioration of their lipid profile, when compared to patients treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Plasma aldosterone levels negatively correlated with the BMI only in APA patients.

Conclusions

Metabolic alterations appear more prominent in women with IHA. Although IHA patients have worse metabolic profiles, a correlation with cortisol autonomy is documented only in APAs, suggesting an uncoupling of cortisol action from metabolic traits in IHA patients.
The importance of MRI quality and reader’s experience for detecting an adenoma in Cushing’s disease
Authors: Nasi-Kordhishti Isabella , Grimm Florian , Giese Sabrina , Lörincz Katalin Nóra , Bender Benjamin , Honegger Jürgen
Published: July 2022

Objective

In Cushing’s disease (CD), detection of an adenoma by MRI is challenging. The aim of this study is to compare real-life MRI in the initial diagnostic workup of CD with high-quality MRI performed in a tertiary center for pituitary diseases.

Design and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 139 patients with CD who underwent primary transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in our department and had both an MRI conducted at a different institution (external MRI; extMRI) and an MRI conducted at our institution (internal MRI; intMRI). Preoperative interpretation of MRI was performed independently by an external radiologist (extRAD), an internal neuroradiologist (intRAD) and a pituitary surgeon (SURG). Intraoperative detection of an adenoma and endocrinological remission provided proof of the true adenoma localization in 105 patients.

Results

Interpretation of extMRI by extRAD and SURG was concordant in only 64% (89/139) of cases, while 74.1% (103/139) concordance was observed for interpretation of intMRI by intRAD and SURG. Based on extMRI, the true localization of the adenoma was correctly predicted in only 46.7% of the patients by extRAD and in 65.7% by SURG. In contrast, the sensitivity to correctly identify the adenoma on intMRI was 80.0% for intRAD and 94.3% for SURG.

Conclusion

Both the quality of MRI and the reader’s experience are paramount for detection of microadenomas in CD. Every effort should be made to perform high-quality initial MRI according to current standards and to ensure rating by an expert in pituitary imaging.
Cultural Fit and the Effects of School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports in High-Need Schools: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Deltour Caroline , Dachet Dylan , Baye Ariane
Published: July 2022

School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports is a framework that aims to improve school culture and climate, students’ behavior and attendance. As the program is largely spreading, comparative studies showing its efficacy on students’ outside the United States are needed. In addition, there is a need for studies examining SWPBIS effects on school climate from all the stakeholders’ point of view, especially students and parents. Moreover, few researches used comprehensive questionnaires including the three main components of school climate: engagement, safety and environment. The purpose of this study is twofold: investigate the SWPBIS implementation feasibility in a French speaking European country and measure implementation effects on school climate and absenteeism. Using a quasi-experimental design, the current study investigates the impact of SWPBIS implementation in elementary and secondary high-need schools (n intervention schools = 4, n control schools = 5). Findings show positive effects for all stakeholders on different components of school climate. Effects on absenteeism are mixed. Implications and limitations are discussed.
A Narrative Review on Studies of Non-cognitive Ability in China
Authors: Zhou Changheng
Published: July 2022

Non-cognitive ability has recently gained popularity as a hot topic in education and has appeared as a novel idea in contemporary study. Numerous studies on the definition, measurement, influencing factors, impact, and other aspects of non-cognitive talents have been conducted. With the intention of igniting additional conversation on this topic and encouraging student holistic development, this study attempts to present an overview of research on non-cognitive ability in China and outline the limits of existing studies.
Syntaxonomy of restoration vegetation in quarries in Central Polissya
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Ukraine, Khomiak I.V.
Published: July 2022

Syntaxonomy of restoration vegetation in quarry sites in Central Polissya of Ukraine, including 25 classes, 36 orders, 62 alliances, 116 associations, and two unranked communities, is presented. Based on the frequency of occurrence of vegetation plots, we have identified typical and atypical environments in existing and abandoned quarries. The classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea, Plantagenetea majoris, and Epilobietea angustifolii were found to be the most common. Predominance of the grassland stage in vegetation restoration under significant or moderate anthropogenic impact is demonstrated. The environmental factors and features of seed dispersal affect the mode and tempo of vegetation restoration in disturbed habitats of open pit mining. Meadow vegetation is predominant on the plateau around the zone of active production; herbaceous and woody plants penetrate the slopes simultaneously. Steep vertical outcrops of crystalline rocks for a long time remain uninhabited by higher vascular plants. Plants grow exclusively in the crevices of crystal blocks filled with loose rocks, soil, and small organic residues. On the slopes of loose sedimentary rocks, the meadow stage is not gradually transformed into the phanerophyte stage. The rate of vegetation restoration depends on the slope angle. Such successions form large ecotone areas due to numerous unfilled ecological niches in the quarry ecosystems. These areas are most vulnerable to the penetration of invasive plant species.
Senecio pokohinuensis (Asteraceae), a new combination for an endemic species of Mokohinau Islands, Hauraki Gulf (Tikapa Moana o Hauraki), northern Te Ika a Maui / North Island, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Authors:   School of Environmental & Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, Aotearoa / New Zealand, de LANGE Peter J. , PELSER Pieter B. ,   School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa / New Zealand, LIEW Chia-Sin ,   Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, United States of America, MARSHALL Andrew J. ,   School of Environmental & Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Published: July 2022

Previous research has demonstrated that Senecio repangae subsp. repangae and subsp. pokohinuensis have independent evolutionary origins. Here, we therefore elevate subsp. pokohinuensis to species rank: Senecio pokohinuensis. Updated morphological descriptions for both species are also provided.
Five new additions to the lichenized mycobiota of the Aotearoa / New Zealand archipelago
Authors:   School of Environmental & Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology / Te Pūkenga, Auckland, New Zealand, MARSHALL Andrew J. , BLANCHON Dan J. ,   School of Environmental & Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology / Te Pūkenga, Auckland, New Zealand, APTROOT André ,   Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociências, Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, LÜCKING Robert ,   Botanischer Garten, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, de LANGE Peter J. ,   School of Environmental & Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology / Te Pūkenga, Auckland, New Zealand
Published: July 2022

As part of ongoing studies of the lichenized mycobiota of the Aotearoa / New Zealand archipelago we provide formal documentation of the occurrence of Alyxoria ochrocheila, Anisomeridium anisolobum, Fissurina dumastii, Porina americana and Zwackhia viridis. Through their formal documentation in peer-reviewed literature these species can now be accepted as new additions to the lichenized mycobiota of that region.
Associação entre os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade e a intenção de corrupção
Authors: Modesto João Gabriel , Pereira Karine , Carvalho Rafaella
Published: July 2022

A comportamento corrupto deve ser investigado a partir de diferentes níveis de análise. A nível intraindividual, a personalidade é uma variável relevante para sua compreensão. Objetivo. Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a influência dos traços de personalidade na intenção de comportamento corrupto a partir do modelo dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade. Método. Participaram da pesquisa 286 indivíduos com idades entre 18 e 76 anos. Para coleta, foram utilizadas a Escala Reduzida dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade, a Medida de Intenção de Corrupção e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados. Se encontraram correlações positivas entre a intenção de corrupção com as dimensões amabilidade, conscienciosidade e abertura à experiência. Porém, por meio de uma regressão linear múltipla, apenas a conscienciosidade teve efeito significativo. Implicações são discutidas.
Exemplar-based genre instruction
Authors: Farooqui Afnan , Sonbul Suhad , Al Zahrani Sahar , Gaffas Zainab
Published: July 2022

Medical students who are learning English as a foreign language (EFL) need to master the ability to write professional reports. Several studies have focused on professional writing in the context of English as a second language (ESL) with advanced learners, but lower-intermediate EFL learners have yet to be examined. This study aimed to implement an exemplar-based genre instruction programme to examine its effectiveness in terms of improving Saudi EFL learners’ ability to write patient reports. The study consisted of two phases: analysis of the moves/steps of patient reports and exemplar-based genre instruction. First, the moves/steps in 30 authentic patient reports were analysed to build the framework which was then compared to another framework based on the work of Bench et al. (2014). Second, an exemplar-based genre instruction programme was implemented over six weeks with 36 EFL Saudi medical learners, and the outcomes were evaluated. The findings revealed that increased genre awareness improved the quality of learners’ writing, particularly their grammar and vocabulary. Teachers of English for specific purposes (ESP) may need to focus on increasing learners’ awareness of the medical-report genre’s lexico-grammatical features in addition to its moves.
Proficiency scales for early writing development
Authors: Bremholm Jesper , Bundsgaard Jeppe , Kabel Kristine
Published: July 2022

Despite the growing prominence of writing in both educational contexts and society at large, research-based knowledge about the development of writing remains lacking, particularly regarding the developmental trajectories that students pass through as they encounter and grapple with the complex system of more formal writing during their primary years of school. This article presents a study that examined writing development in Danish primary grade students (ages 6 to 8) from a linguistic perspective to identify developmental patterns in students’ writing skills during these years. In the study, we applied a multidimensional analytical framework based on a text-oriented model of writing, for the coding of a large number of digitalised student texts (N=803). Subsequently, we analysed the coding results using statistical Rasch theory. Through this procedure, we were able to identify developmental patterns in the students’ writing in the form of different proficiency groups along four textual dimensions and to describe a number of linguistic levels for each dimension. Furthermore, the article discusses didactic potentials and limits from using proficiency groups when teaching writing in primary grades.
Linguistically based scales for assessment of young students’ writing
Authors: af Geijerstam Åsa , Folkeryd Jenny W , Liberg Caroline
Published: July 2022

This study addresses the question of how different aspects of students’ writing achievement can be recognised and evaluated. We developed a linguistically based framework for criteria-based assessment, anchored in a functional view of language and language learning. The framework was used to determine what traits characterise texts at different Proficiency Groups based on comparative judgement and what traits characterise texts assessed differently. Altogether, 100 texts (written by students ages 6–9) representing four text genres were assessed and ranked using both comparative judgement (holistic assessment) and criteria-based analysis. The results indicate that texts generally are assessed as stronger (i.e., placed in a higher Proficiency Group) when comparative judgement is used than what the assessment of a specific language resource indicates. The results also indicate that assessment differences might be a result of different quality expectations for different genres. This points towards the need for genre- and subject-specific assessment criteria to scaffold students in their emergent disciplinary writing development.
A review of Scandinavian writing research between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Bremholm Jesper , Kabel Kristine , Liberg Caroline , Skar Gustaf B
Published: July 2022

Scandinavian writing research forms a relatively new field, with an increased number of studies conducted in the last two decades. In this qualitative synthesis review of 87 peer reviewed journal articles from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden published between 2010 and 2020, the aim was to outline the landscape of current educational writing research from the region. The sample included research articles published in both Scandinavian and international journals. Our analysis focused on the articles’ research approaches and main themes regarding the object of investigation. The main themes identified were Writing Instruction, Writing Assessment, and Students’ Text. We found a predominance of studies conducted in the context of language arts/first language (L1) education, concerning either disciplinary or general aspects of writing. We also found a predominance of approaches based on either sociocultural or social semiotic theory. Furthermore, a majority of the reviewed studies were explorative and small-scale, and, for the Writing Assessment studies in particular, directed at the secondary stages of school. The results suggest a call for future studies focusing on writing interventions and studies deploying a wide range of methodological approaches, as well as studies based on inter-Scandinavian collaborations across Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Identifying texts in the Warning Zone
Authors: Skar Gustaf B , Kvistad Anne H , Johansen Marita B , Rijlaarsdam Gert , Aasen Arne Johannes
Published: July 2022

[Open Access CC BY-NC-ND]This article addresses the basis for the development of the screening tool Norwegian Early Writers Signal (NEWS). The aim of the study was to develop a tool for teachers in grades 1–3 to identify student texts in ‘the Warning Zone’, i.e., texts that signal insufficient overall text quality associated with students in need of extra instructional support. Text norms were elicited from a panel of 14 experts in a standardsetting seminar. The standard-setting procedure was a benchmarking-like approach in which panelists chose texts that according to their judgement were in the Warning Zone. Additionally, in an online questionnaire, data on experts’ expectation growth pattern for eight text quality aspects in grades 1–3 were collected. Furthermore, student texts in the Warning Zone were marked and then included in the screening tool to concretize the norms, showing that texts in this zone can take several shapes. The article discusses what steps can be taken to further validate and implement the NEWS tool.
Changing Forms of Sociality Caused by the Global Pandemic Challenge
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Musatova Svetlana V.
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the features of changes and the transformation of social organizations, as well as the change in public consciousness in the context of global pandemic crises. They are not associated with the classical antagonism of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat — at least at a phenomenal level, they are apparently non-productive in nature, but the degree of their impact on social development, its forms and direction, places put these factors at the level of essential and determining values. This study exploited the dialectical-analytical method, which implements the principle of the concreteness of truth. The paper shows the value duality of social transformations, which ultimately follows from the internally contradictory nature of the existing political and economic relations of the period of late capitalism, and its immanent content.
The Effect of Epidemiological Restrictions on Youth Leisure Preferences
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Sannikova Olga V. , Yarullina Kamila I. ,   Udmurt State University
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of changing leisure preferences of students in an industrial city in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. The authors investigate different interpretations of leisure, indicate its main characteristics as a part of free time used for the manifestation of personality individuality, inclinations to activities that bring pleasure, joy. They also highlight the specifics of youth leisure characterized by increased activity in communicating with peers, self-realization and self-affirmation in various types of sports activities, amateur performances, creativity. Based on the materials of empirical research, the paper showsthat young residents of a large industrial and cultural center of Udmurtia, especially in the initial period of the introduction of strict restrictions, significantly changed the content of leisure activities. There was a transition from forms of direct communication with friends during their conduct to indirect contacts in social networks, watching movies, concerts, sports matches on a computer monitor. In the second wave of restrictions introduced in the fall of 2020, there occurred a partial return to the previous ways of organizing leisure. Once again, young people began to meet more often at parties, take walks together, play sports. They have gained valuable experience of adaptation to the new reality which can be used in the future with significant transformations of the conditions of labor and leisure activities of large social groups.
Ernst Bloch on Nazism or Joachim Florsky against the Third Reich (Comment on the translation of E. Bloch’s article “On the Original History of the Third Reich”)
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Vershinin Sergey E.
Published: July 2022

The article considers the views of the German philosopher Ernst Bloch on the problem of the evolution of the idea of the “Third Reich” in the European Christian tradition of the Middle Ages and New Times, as well as its actualization by German Nazism. The author of the paper is the translator of many texts by E. Bloch. He attempts to understand the origins of the popularity of Nazism from a culturological and historical-philosophical point of view E. Bloch in a series of works turns, for the first time in 1924, to the European Christian tradition, to those images and figures that have defined the mental landscape for many centuries. The image of the Third Reich occupies an essential place in the intellectual history of Europe and the European Christian tradition. The influence of this image on the consciousness of the masses cannot be underestimated. Bloch reveals the inconsistency of the concept of the Third Reich and the figure of the savior (“Kaiser-liberator”, “leader”), which contains both the origins of the junction of Christianity and anti-fascism, and the grounds for inversion in favor of Nazism. The author also focuses on E. Bloch’s views on the legacy of the theologian Joachim Florsky (12th century), who created a historiosophical scheme that had an impact on many philosophical and religious concepts of history. Bloch enters Joachim Florsky into the historical and philosophical tradition, analyzing the mythologeme of the Savior in the cultural history of Europe. The paper presents an overview of modern research on the legacy of I. Florsky by Russian and foreign scientists, which prove the relevance of the ideas of E. Bloch, who revealed the connection between medieval religious movements and Nazism, opening a discussion with opposing points of view. The author examines the relationship between chiliasm and revolution, the influence of mysticism on the consciousness of German society at the beginning of the 20th century and on intellectuals. The article characterizes the position of E. Bloch, who believed that German Nazism committed an ideological theft of theological Christian concepts. The article highlights Bloch’s call to change the attitude to medieval chiliasm and mysticism in connection with the revolutionary potential existing in these currents.
Doenças cardiovasculares e uso de antipsicóticos na esquizofrenia: uma revisão
Authors: Pscheidt Sabrina Leal , Zardeto Heloísa Nunes , Sá Junior Antônio Reis de , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar uma revisão de escopo a respeito dos efeitos adversos cardiovasculares e metabólicos associados ao uso de antipsicóticos em pessoas com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo utilizando-se da base de dados PubMed, com descritores MeSH relacionados às doenças cardiovasculares e antipsicóticos. Foram encontrados 976 artigos, os quais foram filtrados por títulos, seguidos dos resumos e, na sequência, lidos na íntegra. Ao final, foram selecionados 71 artigos para a análise. Resultados O uso de antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos para tratamento da esquizofrenia associa-se a alterações glicêmicas e lipídicas, síndrome metabólica, hipertensão, ganho de peso e morbidade cardiovascular. Os estudos evidenciaram a existência de subdiagnóstico e subtratamento de doenças crônicas nessa população. A mortalidade por doença cardiovascular demonstrou aumento considerável nos pacientes em tratamento com agentes antipsicóticos, em comparação com a população geral. Conclusão Alguns fatores dos antipsicóticos, ainda não completamente determinados na psicofarmacologia, vêm se mostrando relacionados a maior risco de distúrbios metabólicos, comportamentais e intrínsecos às pessoas diagnosticadas com esquizofrenia, os quais podem agravar o curso clínico de tais doenças. Reconhece-se a necessidade de aprimorar o acompanhamento e o diagnóstico de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas entre pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia em tratamento com antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos.
Territórios tradicionais de vida e as zonas de sacrifício do agronegócio no Cerrado
Authors: Rigotto Raquel Maria , Santos Valéria Pereira , Costa André Monteiro
Published: July 2022

RESUMO A imensa sociobiodiversidade do Cerrado brasileiro pode ser compreendida a partir dos modos de vida construídos pelo amplo leque de povos e comunidades tradicionais em suas relações com o bioma, do qual são guardiãs. Nas últimas décadas, projetos de desenvolvimento promovem ali acelerado avanço do agronegócio, expropriando terras, privatizando águas, contaminando o ambiente e ameaçando ou inviabilizando modos de vida tradicionais. Neste artigo, parte-se da percepção de mulheres de Campos Lindos/TO, sobre as consequências trazidas às suas vidas e saúde por empresas produtoras de soja. Em seguida, questiona-se a constituição do Cerrado como zona de sacrifício do desenvolvimento brasileiro, ao concentrar terras para a produção de 75% de quatro commodities agrícolas, desmatar mais de 50% da vegetação nativa, exaurir aquíferos e levar rios à morte, contaminar o ambiente com 73,5% dos agrotóxicos consumidos no País, trazendo implicações para o processo saúde-doença (como intoxicações agudas, malformações, cânceres, desnutrição, adoecimento mental) e para outros biomas do Brasil e países da América do Sul. Conclui-se perscrutando alternativas na perspectiva dos comuns, do decrescimento, dos direitos da natureza e do bem viver, instigando reflexões da saúde coletiva e da agroecologia sobre a contribuição dos saberes e fazeres tradicionais à saúde e à emancipação humana.
Territórios indígenas e determinação socioambiental da saúde: discutindo exposições por agrotóxicos
Authors: Lima Francco Antonio Neri de Souza e , Corrêa Marcia Leopoldina Montanari , Gugelmin Silvia Angela
Published: July 2022

RESUMO As etapas que envolvem a cadeia produtiva de commodities agrícolas produzem possibilidades diferenciadas de vulnerabilidade nas populações, afetando a situação de saúde dos povos indígenas. O uso de agrotóxicos é uma atividade intrínseca aos monocultivos. A exposição a essas substâncias gera desfechos negativos agudos e crônicos na saúde humana e contaminação no ambiente. De modo a contribuir com o debate no campo da Saúde Coletiva, o texto direciona as discussões ao estado de Mato Grosso, onde estão vários povos indígenas, enfrentando a produção de commodities e desfechos em saúde relacionados com os agrotóxicos. Para isso, recorremos à determinação socioambiental do processo saúde-doença, organizando uma matriz de indicadores que enfatizam as escolhas e as omissões do Estado nas questões ambientais, incorporando historicidade nos processos de adoecimento. Os impactos da cadeia de commodities agrícolas e as exposições por agrotóxicos em territórios indígenas são um problema intersetorial que se vincula a violação de direitos humanos, direito à terra, à saúde e à segurança alimentar e nutricional. As respostas devem ser consideradas em uma perspectiva articulada entre os setores econômico, político, ambiental e da saúde, com participação e decisão da população indígena nas etapas dos processos.
Fim dos benefícios fiscais aos agrotóxicos, sustentabilidade da agricultura e a saúde no Brasil
Authors: Soares Wagner Lopes , Cunha Lucas , Porto Marcelo Firpo
Published: July 2022

RESUMO O presente artigo avaliou o fim dos benefícios fiscais dados aos agrotóxicos a partir dos microdados do Censo agropecuário de 2017. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo explorando duas variáveis pesquisadas: a despesa com agrotóxicos e o lucro obtido com a atividade agropecuária. Foram traçados cenários de aplicação de alíquotas de tributação dos agrotóxicos e os seus respectivos aumentos de preços, o que possibilitou avaliar os impactos diretos na lucratividade dos produtores. O cenário de tributação que gere um aumento de 15% nos preços dos agrotóxicos reduziria a lucratividade em cerca de 5,1% em 2017 (R$ 4,8 bilhões). Contudo, os maiores impactados seriam os produtores de commodities, com uma redução média de 9,6% na lucratividade. Discutiram-se esses resultados à luz de dois prismas: o impacto na renda do produtor e possíveis consequências no aumento de preços da cesta básica; e a capacidade da função extrafiscal do imposto em regular o uso dos agrotóxicos e redirecionar possíveis mudanças na tomada de decisão sobre os métodos de controle de pragas mais sustentáveis. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de harmonizar regras fiscais à uma política pública mais equilibrada no âmbito do setor agropecuário que garantisse a defesa da saúde da população e a sustentabilidade ambiental.
Soberanía Alimentaria, una estrategia terapéutica para recuperar la salud ante el avance del extractivismo agroindustrial
Authors: Verzeñassi Damián , Enríquez Lucía , Vallini Alejandro , Keppl Gabriel
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Las formas de extractivismos se multiplican y diversifican, transformando de manera radical los territorios donde se instalan, como expresión del pensamiento de la modernidad insostenible y del pensamiento colonialista. Esto nos ha llevado a una crisis ambiental-civilizatoria con diversas expresiones en sus distintos campos. Dentro de los mismos, se encuentran las tensiones y desafíos al interior del campo del conocimiento científico académico. En el artículo se describen y analizan los aportes de la perspectiva de la Ecología Política Latinoamericana y la Salud Colectiva, a través de las categorías de Territorio, Salud Socioambiental, y Soberanía Alimentaria para la comprensión de los procesos salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado en los contextos actuales.
Bases teóricas para promoção da saúde e resistência camponesa: um novo horizonte metodológico
Authors: Abreu Pedro Henrique Barbosa de , Alonzo Herling Gregorio Aguilar
Published: July 2022

RESUMO O agronegócio vem historicamente promovendo a submissão da produção, economia e vida das famílias camponesas, gerando graves danos sanitários a essa parcela da população brasileira. No entanto, a resistência do campesinato perante esse secular processo evidencia que a organização das famílias e comunidades camponesas e o resgate participativo dos conhecimentos agroecológicos locais podem fundamentar estratégias de promoção da saúde que busquem mudanças concretas nesse contexto sanitário vulnerável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar pilares que fundamentaram o processo capitalista de submissão camponesa no Brasil e abordagens teórico-prático-epistemológicas que permitem sua superação. Para isso, foram apresentados tanto referenciais para pesquisas e ações que subsidiem famílias e comunidades camponesas em um processo social de autorreconhecimento, autovalorização e utilização dos seus conhecimentos e suas práticas para uma transição agroecológica emancipatória, quanto a experiência ampliada de promoção da saúde desenvolvida por meio desses referenciais em Lavras-MG. A estrutura metodológica participativa apresentada permitiu o desenvolvimento, nesse município, dos passos iniciais e fundamentais de um processo social de organização camponesa em torno de seu modo de vida e economia, tendo a agroecologia como fator determinante para a saúde e para a construção de um contexto mais justo, favorável e promissor.
Contrapontos e inconsistências do discurso da produtividade do agronegócio e suas externalidades sob a ótica do biopoder
Authors: Pereira Rafaela Corrêa , Machado Paula Bernardes , Angelis-Pereira Michel Cardoso de
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Este ensaio se propõe à análise crítica do agronegócio, buscando construir um modelo teórico compreensivo, tendo como referência o conceito de biopoder de Foucault. Pretende ainda contribuir para as discussões de alternativas sustentáveis e de combate às ações que promovem e flexibilizam o uso de agrotóxicos. Argumenta-se que o agronegócio, apesar de ter tido sua imagem construída por discursos que ressaltam sua eficiência e produtividade, impõe barreiras que impedem a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional. Pelo uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, também não disponibiliza alimentos seguros e de qualidade, ao mesmo tempo que impacta o meio ambiente e compromete a saúde da população, somado aos seus impactos políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais. A análise sob a ótica do biopoder destaca que a atuação das indústrias agrícola, agroquímica e de alimentos, enquanto normatizadoras e geradoras de consumo, desconsideram princípios morais e éticos, infringem direitos humanos e a autonomia dos sujeitos. Paralelamente, propõe-se que, por meio da educação popular e a educação alimentar e nutricional, consegue-se, em longo prazo, construir sujeitos e coletividades autônomos e críticos, capazes de transformar as estruturas de poder vigentes e de agir em prol de políticas públicas que fomentem práticas justas, saudáveis, sustentáveis e éticas.
Exposição a agrotóxicos e desenvolvimento de câncer no contexto da saúde coletiva: o papel da agroecologia como suporte às políticas públicas de prevenção do câncer
Authors: Sarpa Marcia , Friedrich Karen
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Atualmente, a agricultura brasileira é caracterizada pelo crescente consumo de agrotóxicos e fertilizantes químicos, inserindo-se no modelo de produção baseado nos fundamentos do agronegócio. As novas técnicas de cultivo baseadas no agronegócio resultaram na expansão das monoculturas sobre os ecossistemas naturais, com o consequente desmatamento, desequilíbrio e perda da biodiversidade; e o aumento da contaminação do solo, da água e do ar pelos agrotóxicos. No que tange à saúde humana, a literatura científica tem demonstrado que a contaminação química decorrente do uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura implica adoecimento dos trabalhadores rurais expostos ocupacionalmente aos agrotóxicos, dos moradores da área rural, além de consumidores de alimentos contendo resíduos de agrotóxicos. Entre os efeitos sobre a saúde humana associados à exposição a agrotóxicos, os mais preocupantes são as intoxicações crônicas, caracterizadas por infertilidade, abortos, malformações congênitas, neurotoxicidade, desregulação hormonal, imunotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e câncer. Sendo assim, neste ensaio, apresenta-se uma revisão narrativa com dados presentes na literatura científica nacional e internacional referentes à associação entre a exposição a agrotóxicos e o desenvolvimento de câncer no contexto da saúde coletiva e o papel da alimentação saudável e da agroecologia como suporte às políticas públicas de prevenção do câncer.
Covid-19 e a fome: reflexões sobre um futuro agroecológico
Authors: Machado Letiane de souza , Garcia Edna linhares
Published: July 2022

RESUMO A pandemia de Covid-19 gerou grande impacto sobre a sociedade e a economia, desnudando as faces da desigualdade no Brasil e traçando um caminho em direção à fome e à insegurança alimentar e nutricional. Desde fevereiro de 2020, com notificação do primeiro caso no País, as medidas de isolamento social e lockdown aumentaram as taxas de desemprego e desalento, assim como o fechamento de feiras locais, que concediam acesso aos alimentos frescos às periferias, elevando o preço dos gêneros in natura e aumentando o consumo de produtos industrializados. Essas questões trazem a reflexão da fragilidade das cadeias de produção e consumo, que são longas, dependentes de insumos externos e de infraestrutura para o transporte. Na perspectiva de subsidiar estratégias de enfretamento da fome, acesso à comida e mudanças na lógica da produção alimentícia, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica e de textos jornalísticos do período pandêmico. Este texto disserta sobre políticas de proteção social e de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN), relacionando com a potencialidade das práticas agroecológicas nesse contexto, entendendo que a agroecologia tem em seus princípios a liberdade, a autonomia e a saúde, dialogando com os conceitos de soberania alimentar e da luta pela equidade.
Caracterização de Revestimento Inoxidável Ligado ao Cobalto Depositado pelo Processo MIG para Utilização em Superfícies Cavitadas
Authors: Holzmann Henrique Ajuz , Borakouski Bruna , Santos Herik Duarte , Hupalo Marcio Ferreira , Pukasiewicz Anderson Geraldo Marenda
Published: July 2022

Resumo O desgaste por cavitação representa um dos principais problemas encontrados em turbinas hidráulicas, sendo as áreas danificadas recuperadas com a deposição de revestimentos resistentes a cavitação pelo processo MIG/MAG. Este trabalho buscou caracterizar amostras obtidas após deposição de um revestimento inoxidável austenítico a base de cobalto sobre substrato de ASTM A-743 CA6NM, realizada por meio do processo MIG mecanizado, avaliando as microestruturas obtidas com auxílio das técnicas de microscopia ótica, MEV/EDS, EBSD, DRX e Microdureza. Pode-se identificar a presença de microestrutura austenítica na superfície depositada, com tamanho de grão médio de 11,27 μm e traços de ferrita delta próximos a linha de fusão, com substrato majoritariamente martensítico. Acima da ZF a morfologia da microestrutura se deu em forma colunar na direção da extração de calor. O aporte térmico não afetou a superfície do revestimento, mantendo suas características químicas e de dureza, sem que houvesse uma diluição elevada do metal base no revestimento, se apresentando como uma excelente alternativa para utilização na recuperação de componentes cavitados, devido a sua baixa EFE e microestrutura que favorecem a absorção da energia proveniente do processo de cavitação.
Genetic diversity in creole genotypes of Amazon chicory
Authors: GONÇALVES Viviane Pereira , ANDRADE Francisco Laurimar do Nascimento , GOMES Rafaelle Fazzi , SANTOS Lucas da Silva
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT Amazon chicory is still a little-known vegetable despite its great agronomic potential. The characterization of chicory genotypes concerning genetic divergence is a key step for breeding programs, as it allows the selection of superior individuals and to explore the variability and complementarity of characteristics via interbreeding between newly generated genotypes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Amazon chicory creole genotypes from the northern Brazilian states of Pará and Rondônia based on morpho-agronomic traits. We conducted an experiment in a randomized block design with eight chicory genotypes (treatments) and four replications. Both quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated. Genetic divergence was estimated via squared generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2), considering only quantitative characters, and the genotypes were subsequently clustered via the UPGMA method. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied characteristics, except shoot fresh weight. The UPGMA grouped the genotypes into three clusters, which demonstrated that the genotypes from Colares and Santarém Novo (Pará) (Chic-02 and Chic-04) were the most divergent as compared to the genotypes from Castanhal and Santa Isabel do Pará (Pará). Qualitative characteristics showed a monomorphic behavior and, therefore, were not used to assess genetic divergences. To obtain segregating populations with complementary characteristics, crossbreeding between the two most divergent clusters is recommended.
Soil phosphorus fractions and their relation to leaf litterfall in a central Amazonian terra firme rainforest
Authors: SANTOS Emily Darc Andrade dos , TNG David Yue Phin , APGAUA Deborah Mattos Guimarães , ASSUNÇÃO Raul Reis , MANZI Antônio Ocimar
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) cycling is an important yet poorly studied aspect of the macronutrient balance in tropical rainforest ecosystems. As soil P occurs in different organic and inorganic forms (fractions) with varying degrees of lability, we hypothesized that these fractions will vary between soil types, and temporally within soil types. Additionally, we hypothesized a direct influence of leaf litterfall P input on soil total P and soil P fractions. We collected soil and leaf litter samples from three soil types in a central Amazonian lowland rainforest in Brazil over five months, and used a modified Hedleys fractionation method to determine six organic and inorganic soil P fractions, and also total, labile and residual P. Leaf litterfall P concentrations were determined colorimetrically. Soil inorganic and organic P fractions varied between soil types and across months, but soil type and month interactions were mostly non-significant. Some inorganic P fractions (Pi-NaOH) peaked while the organic fractions (Po-NaOH) fell and vice versa. Leaf litterfall production and leaf litterfall P input peaked around two months following the wettest month. Leaf litterfall P input was a significant predictor of Po-NaHCO3, a bioavailable P fraction. Future studies on P cycling in terrestrial ecosystems should examine the roles played by individual soil P fractions as they cycle asynchronistically and differently across soil types.
Ativismos juvenis urbanos brasileiros: questões raciais e de gênero
Authors: Borelli Silvia Helena Simões , Rocha Rose de Melo , Migliano Milene , Arantes Dariane Lima , Scudeller Pedro de Assis Pereira
Published: July 2022

Resumo Enunciamos neste artigo as principais perspectivas de análise e as categorias chave que norteiam o projeto de pesquisa “Ativismos juvenis urbanos: questões estéticas, migratórias, raciais e de gênero”, conduzido pela equipe Brasil junto à Red Iberoamericana de Posgrados en Infancias y Juventudes (RedINJU) – rede internacional de investigação constituída pelo Grupo de Trabajo Infancias y Juventudes do Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO). Nesta primeira apresentação, que corresponde aos nove meses iniciais de nosso estudo, também são compartilhados resultados parciais referentes ao cotejamento reflexivo, contextual e conjuntural de dados empíricos atinentes a alguns dos recortes interseccionais que norteiam a aproximação com nossas/os/es sujeitas/os/es de investigação, a saber, a leitura crítica, qualitativa e situada de estatísticas (oficiais e independentes) sobre as juventudes urbanas brasileiras, no tocante a questões raciais e de gênero.
Environmental journalism: characteristics and interfaces in a developing field
Authors: Holanda Juliana Sampaio Pedroso de , Kääpä Pietari , Costa Luciana Miranda
Published: July 2022

Abstract This article presents a compilation of scholarly perspectives on environmental journalism, especially between 2010 and 2020. We begin from the standpoint and experience of non-Brazilian countries to notice changes that this field of knowledge has been going through in the international context. The goal is not only to reflect about the challenges faced by professionals working in this area, but also the interfaces between environmental journalism and other fields, such as economy and politics, and its characteristics in the current context. To guide our approach, studies by Pezzullo and Cox (2018), Hansen (2019), Takahashi and Meisner (2012), Druschke and McGreavy (2016), Boykoff (2011), Dotson et al. (2012), Willer and Takahashi (2018), Christians et al. (2009), and Williams (2017), among others, helped us construct this reflection.
Jornalismo ambiental: características e interfaces de um campo em construção
Authors: Holanda Juliana Sampaio Pedroso de , Kääpä Pietari , Costa Luciana Miranda
Published: July 2022

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma compilação com alguns dos principais autores que se debruçaram sobre o jornalismo ambiental, especialmente entre 2010 e 2020. Partimos da ótica e da experiência de outros países para percebermos as transformações que esse campo de conhecimento vem passando no contexto internacional. O objetivo é refletir sobre os desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais da área, as interfaces do jornalismo ambiental com outros campos, como os da economia e da política, assim como sobre suas características no contexto atual. Para nortear nossa abordagem, estudos de Pezzullo e Cox (2018), Hansen (2019), Takahashi e Meisner (2012), Druschke e McGreavy (2016), Boykoff (2011), Dotson et al. (2012), Willer e Takahashi (2018), Christians et al. (2009) e Williams (2017), entre outros, nos auxiliaram a construir a reflexão.
A reflexive methodology for de-westernizing the subfield of Latin American Organizational Communication
Authors: Vásquez Consuelo , Burgueño Roberto , Lima Gabriela Rabello de , Queiroz Marcela Marques de
Published: July 2022

Abstract This paper aims to develop a reflexive methodology to explore the production of knowledge of the subfield of Organizational Communication research, considering the contextual, institutional, and cultural realities of the Latin American region. For this purpose, responding to the recent calls to de-westernized Communication, this paper adopted a “bottom-up” approach, which favors the realities experienced by Latin American Organizational Communication researchers and scholars. The proposed methodology provides a model that can serve as an example to de-westernize knowledge production in related fields.
Uma metodologia reflexiva para desocidentalizar o subcampo da Comunicação Organizacional LatinoAmericana
Authors: Vásquez Consuelo , Burgueño Roberto , Lima Gabriela Rabello de , Queiroz Marcela Marques de
Published: July 2022

Resumo O presente artigo visa desenvolver uma metodologia reflexiva para investigar a produção de conhecimento do subcampo de pesquisa de Comunicação Organizacional, levando em conta as realidades contextuais, institucionais e culturais da região latino-americana. Para isso, respondendo aos recentes chamados de desocidentalização da Comunicação, adotamos neste artigo uma abordagem de trabalho “de baixo para cima”, que favorece as realidades vivenciadas pelos pesquisadores latino-americanos e estudiosos em Comunicação Organizacional. A metodologia proposta proporciona um modelo investigativo que possa servir como um exemplo para desocidentalizar a produção de conhecimento em campos correlacionados.