bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking down barriers: exploring the impact of social capital on knowledge sharing and transfer in the workplace
Authors: Peng Michael Yao-Ping
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed formidable challenges to economic mobility and corporate expansion. Among these challenges is its pronounced effect on knowledge innovation, a cornerstone upon which many organizations depend. To re-establish the flow of internal knowledge, organizations are compelled to refine their knowledge management strategies and amplify employees’ motivation and eagerness to share and transfer information. This study delves into the influence of knowledge management processes on employees’ knowledge-sharing and transfer behaviors, viewed through the lens of the social exchange theory. It also probes the role of social capital in fostering and augmenting employees’ involvement in refining these processes. Data was gleaned from 30 information service firms in mainland China, resulting in 483 valid responses. Our findings highlight that both relational and structural forms of social capital positively influence the knowledge management processes, subsequently enhancing employees’ knowledge-sharing and transfer behaviors.
Electron-phonon interaction, magnetic phase transition, charge density waves, and resistive switching in VS2 and VSe2 revealed by Yanson point-contact spectroscopy
Authors: Bashlakov D. L. , Kvitnitskaya O. E. , Aswartham S. , Shipunov G. , Harnagea L. , Efremov D. V. , Büchner B. , Naidyuk Yu. G.
Published: August 2024

VS2 and VSe2 have attracted particular attention among the transition metals dichalcogenides because of their promising physical properties concerning magnetic ordering, charge density wave (CDW), emergent superconductivity, etc., which are very sensitive to stoichiometry and dimensionality reduction. Yanson point-contact (PC) spectroscopic study reveals metallic and nonmetallic states in VS2 PCs, as well as a magnetic phase transition, was detected near 20 K. The rare PC spectra, where the magnetic phase transition was not visible, show a broad maximum of around 20 mV, likely connected with electron-phonon interaction (EPI). The PC spectra of VSe2 demonstrate metallic behavior, which allowed us to detect features associated with EPI and CDW transition. The Kondo effect appeared for both compounds, apparently due to interlayer vanadium ions. Besides, the resistive switching was observed in PCs on VSe2 between a low resistive, mainly metallic-type state, and a high resistive nonmetallic-type state by applying bias voltage (about 0.4 V). Reverse switching occurs by applying a voltage of opposite polarity (about 0.4 V). The reason may be the alteration of stoichiometry in the PC core due to the displacement of V ions to interlayer under a high electric field. The observed resistive switching characterizes VSe2 as a potential material, e.g., for non-volatile resistive RAM, neuromorphic engineering, and other nanoelectronic applications. Per contra, VS2 attracts attention as a rare layered van der Waals compound with magnetic transition.
Contact and bulk rectification effects in ferromagnetic resonance experiments
Authors: Babu Md. Majibul Haque , Tsoi Maxim
Published: August 2024

We present an experimental study of the spin rectification effects produced by ferromagnetic resonance in a NiFe wire. A system of four independent nonmagnetic contact probes was used to supply both rf and dc currents to the wire and to measure dc voltages at different locations in the wire. The rf current drives the ferromagnet’s magnetization into resonance and produces a dc photovoltage which results from the rectification of rf current in the ferromagnet with oscillating magnetization. Our 4-probe system provided a means to detect the photovoltage and separate contributions from the ferromagnet/nonmagnet contacts and the bulk of the ferromagnet. The contact photovoltage was found to increase approximately linearly with the dc bias applied to the wire. In contrast, the bulk contribution was found to be almost independent of the dc bias. By tuning properties of individual contact probes we were able to change the magnitude of the contact photovoltage and even reverse its sign. Our results highlight the different contributions to photovoltage and the importance of contact properties/nonlinearities for rectification effects in spintronic devices.
Two-phase/two-gap scenario in heavily reduced superconducting ITO films revealed by point-contact spectroscopy
Authors: Menesenko D. , Feia O. , Shapovalov A. , Tarenkov V. , Gavrysh I. , Zhitlukhina E. , Belogolovskii M. , Parra A. , Aliev A.
Published: August 2024

We present the first point-contact measurements of heavily reduced indium tin oxide (ITO) films in the superconducting state, which simultaneously demonstrate high transparency in the visible light spectrum. Analysis of the differential conductance spectrum indicates the presence of two superconducting phases, the main one with a critical temperature Tc of about 4.6 K and an additional phase with Tc ∼ 10 K, most likely localized near the surface. The phase separation is indirectly confirmed by resistance measurements of the layers and ab initio calculations of the doped ITO electronic structure. The results obtained give hope for the creation of transparent superconducting films with critical temperatures of about 10 K.
Phytophthora cinnamomi: extent and impact in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia (1983–2024)
Authors: Hart Ray P. , Freebury G. , Barrett S.
Published: August 2024

Context Phytophthora cinnamomi has been present in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve in Western Australia for decades, with impacts observed in susceptible plant communities. Aims This study aimed to examine the past and present impact of P. cinnamomi on ecosystems. Methods The distribution of P. cinnamomi was mapped 1983–1995 and reassessed in 2024. The long-term spread of the pathogen was measured. Plant densities were assessed, dry-weight biomass measured, and visits by avifauna quantified in infested and healthy vegetation. The persistence of chlamydospores was assessed. Key results Mapping confirmed the widespread distribution of P. cinnamomi in the Reserve, with some areas mapped as disease-free up to 1995 now infested. Phytophthora dieback has spread in Banksia shrubland at an average of 1.5 m/year over a 33-year period. The density of species from the Proteaceae, Fabaceae, Ericaceae, and Hibbertia was significantly reduced; and the biomass of non-sedge species and visits by avifauna lower in infested compared with healthy Banksia shrubland. However, pockets of healthy habitat persist in infested areas and two highly susceptible Ericaceae (Leucopogon glabellus, Styphelia flavescens) were observed in high numbers in infested vegetation. Recovery of chlamydospores confirmed the persistence of the pathogen behind the dieback front. Conclusions The impact of P. cinnamomi is long term and irreversible, however, some susceptible species may have mechanisms to ensure their persistence through prolific seed production. Implications Protection of areas of healthy susceptible habitat from the introduction and spread of P. cinnamomi, the implementation of existing control measures and research into alternative measures continue to be a priority.
Laws of macroevolutionary expansion
Authors: Žliobaitė Indrė
Published: August 2024

Van Valen’s law of constant extinction postulates that in comparable ecological contexts, the probability for a taxon to survive to the next time interval is independent of how long it has already existed. The law implies that species do not age, that is, the survival probability from one time step to the next does not decrease with species’ age. While the original law describes survivorship over time, here we show that there is a counterpart to the law describing species dynamics in space. Indeed, the probability for a taxon to expand a step further in its range size does not depend on how large of a range the taxon already occupies. We show that such patterns of stochastically constant expansion are common in the global mammalian fossil record throughout the Cenozoic and are consistent with the mammalian species distribution in the present-day world. Intriguing is that the law in space holds best for the linear dimension of the range rather than for the range area. We interpret this as suggesting that species primarily expand via the frontier of their range; this process is known as leading-edge expansion in ecology. And while the difficulty of expanding in linear steps remains constant, the area gains diminish. In line with evolutionary theory collectively known as the Red Queen’s hypothesis, this suggests that the effectiveness of expansion saturates, even if species longevity does not. When interpreted in reverse, this explains from the macroevolutionary perspective why larger species ranges are associated with lower extinction risks.
Dispensability of extrinsic DnaA regulators in
Escherichia coli
cell-cycle control
Authors: Boesen Thias Oberg , Charbon Godefroid , Fu Haochen , Jensen Cara , Sandler Michael , Jun Suckjoon , Løbner-Olesen Anders
Published: August 2024

Investigating a long-standing conceptual question in bacterial physiology, we examine why DnaA, the bacterial master replication initiator protein, exists in both ATP and ADP forms, despite only the ATP form being essential for initiation. We engineered the Δ4
Escherichia coli
strain, devoid of all known external elements facilitating the DnaA-ATP/ADP conversion and found that these cells display nearly wild-type behaviors under nonoverlapping replication cycles. However, during rapid growth with overlapping cycles, Δ4 cells exhibit initiation instability. This aligns with our model predictions, suggesting that the intrinsic ATPase activity of DnaA alone is sufficient for robust initiation control in
E. coli
and the DnaA-ATP/ADP conversion regulatory elements extend the robustness to multifork replication, indicating an evolutionary adaptation. Moreover, our experiments revealed constant DnaA concentrations during steady-state cell elongation in both wild-type and Δ4 cells. These insights not only advance our understanding of bacterial cell-cycle regulation and DnaA but also highlight a fundamental divergence from eukaryotic cell-cycle controls, emphasizing protein copy-number sensing in bacteria versus programmed protein concentration oscillations in eukaryotes.
A therapeutic small molecule enhances γ-oscillations and improves cognition/memory in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Wei Xiaofei , Campagna Jesus J. , Jagodzinska Barbara , Wi Dongwook , Cohn Whitaker , Lee Jessica T. , Zhu Chunni , Huang Christine S. , Molnár László , Houser Carolyn R. , John Varghese , Mody Istvan
Published: August 2024

Brain rhythms provide the timing for recruitment of brain activity required for linking together neuronal ensembles engaged in specific tasks. The γ-oscillations (30 to 120 Hz) orchestrate neuronal circuits underlying cognitive processes and working memory. These oscillations are reduced in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, including early cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we report on a potent brain-permeable small molecule, DDL-920 that increases γ-oscillations and improves cognition/memory in a mouse model of AD, thus showing promise as a class of therapeutics for AD. We employed anatomical, in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological, and behavioral methods to examine the effects of our lead therapeutic candidate small molecule. As a novel in central nervous system pharmacotherapy, our lead molecule acts as a potent, efficacious, and selective negative allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors most likely assembled from α1β2δ subunits. These receptors, identified through anatomical and pharmacological means, underlie the tonic inhibition of parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons (PV+INs) critically involved in the generation of γ-oscillations. When orally administered twice daily for 2 wk, DDL-920 restored the cognitive/memory impairments of 3- to 4-mo-old AD model mice as measured by their performance in the Barnes maze. Our approach is unique as it is meant to enhance cognitive performance and working memory in a state-dependent manner by engaging and amplifying the brain’s endogenous γ-oscillations through enhancing the function of PV+INs.
Investigating 3D microbial community dynamics of the rhizosphere using quantitative phase and fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Zhang Oumeng , Alcalde Reinaldo E. , Zhou Haowen , Yin Siyuan , Newman Dianne K. , Yang Changhuei
Published: August 2024

Microbial interactions in the rhizosphere contribute to soil health, making understanding these interactions crucial for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management. Yet it is difficult to understand what we cannot see; among the limitations in rhizosphere imaging are challenges associated with rapidly and noninvasively imaging microbial cells over field depths relevant to plant roots. Here, we present a bimodal imaging technique called complex-field and fluorescence microscopy using the aperture scanning technique (CFAST) that addresses these limitations. CFAST integrates quantitative phase imaging using synthetic aperture imaging based on Kramers–Kronig relations, along with three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence imaging using an engineered point spread function. We showcase CFAST’s practicality and versatility in two ways. First, by harnessing its depth of field of more than 100 μm, we significantly reduce the number of captures required for 3D imaging of plant roots and bacteria in the rhizoplane. This minimizes potential photobleaching and phototoxicity issues. Second, by leveraging CFAST’s phase sensitivity and fluorescence specificity, we track microbial growth, competition, and gene expression at early stages of colony biofilm development. Specifically, we resolve bacterial growth dynamics of mixed populations without the need for genetically labeling environmental isolates. Moreover, we find that gene expression related to phosphorus sensing and antibiotic production varies spatiotemporally within microbial populations that are surface attached and appears distinct from their expression in planktonic cultures. Together, CFAST’s attributes overcome commercial imaging platform limitations and enable insights to be gained into microbial behavioral dynamics in experimental systems of relevance to the rhizosphere.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
effector EgeA facilitates infection by hijacking TANGO1 and SCFD1 from ER–Golgi exit sites to pathogen-occupied inclusions
Authors: Wang Lidan , Lin Mingqun , Hou Libo , Rikihisa Yasuko
Published: August 2024

The obligatory intracellular bacterium
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging zoonosis.
Anaplasma
has limited biosynthetic and metabolic capacities, yet it effectively replicates inside of inclusions/vacuoles of eukaryotic host cells. Here, we describe a unique Type IV secretion system (T4SS) effector,
E
R–
G
olgi
e
xit site protein of

A
naplasma

(EgeA). In cells infected by
Anaplasma
, secreted native EgeA, EgeA-GFP, and the C-terminal half of EgeA (EgeA-C)-GFP localized to
Anaplasma-
containing inclusions. In uninfected cells, EgeA-C-GFP localized to cis-Golgi, whereas the N-terminal half of EgeA-GFP localized to the ER. Pull-down assays identified EgeA-GFP binding to a transmembrane protein in the ER, Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1). By yeast two-hybrid analysis, EgeA-C directly bound Sec1 family domain-containing protein 1 (SCFD1), a host protein of the cis-Golgi network that binds TANGO1 at ER–Golgi exit sites (ERES). Both TANGO1 and SCFD1 localized to the
Anaplasma
inclusion surface. Furthermore, knockdown of
Anaplasma
EgeA or either host TANGO1 or SCFD1 significantly reduced
Anaplasma
infection. TANGO1 and SCFD1 prevent ER congestion and stress by facilitating transport of bulky or unfolded proteins at ERES. A bulky cargo collagen and the ER-resident chaperon BiP were transported into
Anaplasma
inclusions, and several ER stress marker genes were not up-regulated in
Anaplasma-
infected cells. Furthermore, EgeA transfection reduced collagen overexpression-induced BiP upregulation. These results suggest that by binding to the two ERES proteins, EgeA redirects the cargo-adapted ERES to pathogen-occupied inclusions and reduces ERES congestion, which facilitates
Anaplasma
nutrient acquisition and reduces ER stress for
Anaplasma
survival and proliferation.
A bioactive supramolecular and covalent polymer scaffold for cartilage repair in a sheep model
Authors: Lewis Jacob A. , Nemke Brett , Lu Yan , Sather Nicholas A. , McClendon Mark T. , Mullen Michael , Yuan Shelby C. , Ravuri Sudheer K. , Bleedorn Jason A. , Philippon Marc J. , Huard Johnny , Markel Mark D. , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: August 2024

Regeneration of hyaline cartilage in human-sized joints remains a clinical challenge, and it is a critical unmet need that would contribute to longer healthspans. Injectable scaffolds for cartilage repair that integrate both bioactivity and sufficiently robust physical properties to withstand joint stresses offer a promising strategy. We report here on a hybrid biomaterial that combines a bioactive peptide amphiphile supramolecular polymer that specifically binds the chondrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) and crosslinked hyaluronic acid microgels that drive formation of filament bundles, a hierarchical motif common in natural musculoskeletal tissues. The scaffold is an injectable slurry that generates a porous rubbery material when exposed to calcium ions once placed in cartilage defects. The hybrid material was found to support in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells in response to sustained delivery of TGFβ-1. Using a sheep model, we implanted the scaffold in shallow osteochondral defects and found it can remain localized in mechanically active joints. Evaluation of resected joints showed significantly improved repair of hyaline cartilage in osteochondral defects injected with the scaffold relative to defects injected with the growth factor alone, including implantation in the load-bearing femoral condyle. These results demonstrate the potential of the hybrid biomimetic scaffold as a niche to favor cartilage repair in mechanically active joints using a clinically relevant large-animal model.
Oxysterol binding protein regulates the resolution of TLR-induced cytokine production in macrophages
Authors: Diercks Alan H. , Podolskaia Irina S. , Murray Tara A. , Jahn Ana N. , Mai Dat , Liu Dong , Amon Lynn M. , Nakagawa Yoshimi , Shimano Hitoshi , Aderem Alan , Gold Elizabeth S.
Published: August 2024

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages sense microbial components and trigger the production of numerous cytokines and chemokines that mediate the inflammatory response to infection. Although many of the components required for the activation of the TLR pathway have been identified, the mechanisms that appropriately regulate the magnitude and duration of the response and ultimately restore homeostasis are less well understood. Furthermore, a growing body of work indicates that TLR signaling reciprocally interacts with other fundamental cellular processes, including lipid metabolism but only a few specific molecular links between immune signaling and the macrophage lipidome have been studied in detail. Oxysterol-binding protein (Osbp) is the founding member of a family of lipid-binding proteins with diverse functions in lipid sensing, lipid transport, and cell signaling but its role in TLR responses is not well defined. Here, we demonstrate that altering the state of Osbp with its natural ligand, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), or pharmacologically, sustains and thereby amplifies Tlr4-induced cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR-induced knockdown of Osbp abrogates the ability of these ligands to sustain TLR responses. Lipidomic analysis suggested that the effect of Osbp on TLR signaling may be mediated by alterations in triglyceride production and treating cells with a Dgat1 inhibitor, which blocks triglyceride production and completely abrogates the effect of Osbp on TLR signaling. Thus, Osbp is a sterol sensor that transduces perturbations of the lipidome to modulate the resolution of macrophage inflammatory responses.
Affleck-Dine leptogenesis scenario for resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter
Authors: Kasai Kentaro , Kawasaki Masahiro , Murai Kai
Published: August 2024

Sterile neutrino is a fascinating candidate for dark matter.
In this paper, we examine the Affleck-Dine (AD) leptogenesis scenario generating a large lepton asymmetry,
which can induce
the resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter
via the Shi-Fuller (SF) mechanism.
We also revisit the numerical calculation of the SF mechanism and the constraints from current X-ray and Lyman-α forest observations.
We find that the AD leptogenesis scenario can explain the production of sterile neutrino dark matter by incorporating a non-topological soliton with a lepton charge called L-ball.
Finally, we discuss
an enhancement of second-order gravitational waves at the L-ball decay and investigate the testability of our scenario with future gravitational wave observations.
A 128 × 128 SPAD LiDAR sensor with column-parallel 25 ps resolution TA-ADCs
Authors: Tian Na , Wang Zhe , Ma Kai , Yang Xu , Qi Nan , Liu Jian , Wu Nanjian , Dou Runjiang , Liu Liyuan
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a design of single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor with 128 × 128 pixels and 128 column-parallel time-to-analog-merged-analog-to-digital converts (TA-ADCs). Unlike the conventional TAC-based SPAD LiDAR sensor, in which the TAC and ADC are separately implemented, we propose to merge the TAC and ADC by sharing their capacitors, thus avoiding the analog readout noise of TAC’s output buffer, improving the conversion rate, and reducing chip area. The reverse start-stop logic is employed to reduce the power of the TA-ADC. Fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process, our prototype sensor exhibits a timing resolution of 25 ps, a DNL of +0.30/−0.77 LSB, an INL of +1.41/−2.20 LSB, and a total power consumption of 190 mW. A flash LiDAR system based on this sensor demonstrates the function of 2D/3D imaging with 128 × 128 resolution, 25 kHz inter-frame rate, and sub-centimeter ranging precision.
Embedded high-quality ternary GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dots in GaAs nanowires by molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Hou Xiyu , Wen Lianjun , He Fengyue , Zhuo Ran , Liu Lei , Wang Hailong , Zhong Qing , Pan Dong , Zhao Jianhua
Published: August 2024

Semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for preparing high-performance single photon sources. A basic requirement for this application is realizing the controlled growth of high-quality semiconductor quantum dots. Here, we report the growth of embedded GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dots in GaAs nanowires by molecular-beam epitaxy. It is found that the size of the GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dot can be well-defined by the GaAs nanowire. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses show that the antimony content x can be up to 0.36 by tuning the growth temperature. All GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dots exhibit a pure zinc-blende phase. In addition, we have developed a new technology to grow GaAs passivation layers on the sidewalls of the GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dots. Different from the traditional growth process of the passivation layer, GaAs passivation layers can be grown simultaneously with the growth of the embedded GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dots. The spontaneous GaAs passivation layer shows a pure zinc-blende phase due to the strict epitaxial relationship between the quantum dot and the passivation layer. The successful fabrication of embedded high-quality GaAs1−x
Sb
x
quantum dots lays the foundation for the realization of GaAs1−x
Sb
x
-based single photon sources.
Peripheral carbazole units-decorated MR emitter containing B−N covalent bond for highly efficient green OLEDs with low roll-off
Authors: Wan Danrui , Zhou Jianping , Meng Guoyun , Su Ning , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Ding Junqiao
Published: August 2024

Boron−nitrogen doped multiple resonance (BN-MR) emitters, characterized by B−N covalent bonds, offer distinctive advantages as pivotal building blocks for facile access to novel MR emitters featuring narrowband spectra and high efficiency. However, there remains a scarcity of exploration concerning synthetic methods and structural derivations to expand the library of novel BN-MR emitters. Herein, we present the synthesis of a BN-MR emitter, tCz[B−N]N, through a one-pot borylation reaction directed by the amine group, achieving an impressive yield of 94%. The emitter is decorated by incorporating two 3,6-di-t-butylcarbazole (tCz) units into a B−N covalent bond doped BN-MR parent molecule via para-C−π−D and para-N−π−D conjugations. This peripheral decoration strategy enhances the reverse intersystem crossing process and shifts the emission band towards the pure green region, peaking at 526 nm with a narrowband full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 41 nm. Consequently, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing this emitter achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) value of 27.7%, with minimal efficiency roll-off. Even at a practical luminance of 1000 cd∙m−2, the device maintains a high EQE value of 24.6%.
Implementing the TRIAD Algorithm for Nanosatellite Attitude using NUCLEO-F303RE Microcontroller: Contributing to Mexico’s Space Initiatives
Authors: Ramírez Martínez J. G. , Reyes Morales R.
Published: August 2024

Space exploration continues to inspire humanity, with nanosatellites standing at the forefront of critical sectors like remote sensing, telecommunications, and meteorology. In this panorama, accurately determining their attitude is a considerable challenge. Addressing this, our research delves into the application of the well-known TRIAD algorithm. Utilizing four distinct vectors - two reference and two observed - sourced from solar position vectors and the magnetic field, we implemented the algorithm in the NUCLEO-F303RE microcontroller, equipped with the ARM® Cortex® M4 architecture. By carefully corrupting the observed vectors using data from prospective sensors, realized through the Systems Tool Kit software, we aspired to simulate real-world conditions. While tools like STK® for simulations are not new globally, they remain relatively unknown to many Mexican students. By introducing these resources, we aim to pave the way for future researchers at the Mexican Space Agency (AEM), bolstering Mexico’s ongoing journey in space exploration.
A variational Bayesian based robust filter for unknown measurement bias and inaccurate noise statistics
Authors: Yang Shaohua , Fu Hongpo , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

In many practical fields, the unknown time-varying
measurement biases (additive and multiplicative bias) and
heavy-tailed measurement noise caused by some unpredictable
anomalous behaviors may degrade the performance of conventional
Kalman filter seriously. To solve the state estimation problem of
systems with time-varying measurement biases and heavy-tailed
measurement noise, this paper proposes a new variational Bayesian
(VB) based robust filter. Firstly, the non-Gaussian measurement
likelihood probability density function (ML-PDF) with multiplicative
and additive measurement bias is built. Then, the conjugate prior
distributions for unknown bias and noise scale parameters are
selected, and the VB method is utilized to jointly infer the system
state, unknown measurement biases and inaccurate measurement noise
covariance matrix. Finally, a VB based robust filter is derived and
its effectiveness is verified by the numerical simulations.
Estimation of selling price for grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis Burm.) snack bar products using cost-based method
Authors: Amri A F , Iwansyah A C , Irzaqi W F
Published: August 2024

Determination of the selling price is an important part of the commercialization process of researched food products. The food product that had been developed was a snack bar product made from grasshopper flour (Valanga nigricornis Burm.). This research purpose was to determine the selling price of snack bar products made from grasshopper flour based on recipe differences. The method of determining the selling price was the cost-based method. Variations of this method are variable costing and full costing. The result of this research was the chosen recipe for the main snack bar production was recipe two. Recipe two had an additional level of grasshopper flour of 8,39% per batch. The estimated selling price of the grasshopper snack bar product from all of these product recipes was Rp. 10,000.00 – Rp. 14,500.00 per pack containing one snack bar per pack. Based on variable and full costing calculations, recipe two had an estimated selling price of Rp. 11,714.01 – Rp. 13,311.37 and of Rp. 12,242.62 – Rp. 13,912.06 respectively. The nutritional values of recipe two per package were water content of 8.08%; ash content of 2.3919%; protein of 13.894%, fat 25.1424%; carbohydrates of 50.4914%; and total Energy of 483.8245 kcal. This value served as nutrition value information that must be printed on the product packaging label. These research results can be used to help the development and design of scale-up processes to make food products compete in the market.
Potential carriers for biofertilizers: microstructural and entrapment properties
Authors: Yuliani S , Pratiwi Etty , Ratnaningsih
Published: August 2024

The suitability of carrier materials for the entrapment of bacteria is an important factor in developing biofertilizers as it determines their functional properties during use and storage. This study examines the microscopic structure and entrapment properties of several potential carriers for biofertilizers. The carriers studied included rice straw, sago dregs, cassava dregs, gum, carrageenan, pea fiber, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), all in powder form. The entrapment process was carried out by mixing the bacterial solution (10%) of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Methylobacterium with the carrier material by spraying and shaking followed by air drying. CMC and carrageenan exhibited a swollen structure when mixed with a bacterial solution, forming lumps. Gum, pea fiber, sago dregs, and cassava dregs swelled slightly, while rice straw demonstrated a non-swollen fibrous structure. The incorporated bacteria appeared entrapped inside the lumps and/or adhered to the surface of the lumps or fibrous particles. The largest number of bacteria was found in gum (log10 6 – log10 7) and pea fiber (log10 4 to – log10 7), followed by cassava dregs (log10 2 – log10 7), CMC (log10 2 – log10 6), sago dregs (log10 5) and rice straw (log10 3 – log10 4), while no bacteria was observed in carrageenan. Most bacteria survived in the carrier with swelling properties and loose structures. In conclusion, the microstructure of carrier materials provides information that can describe bacterial entrapment properties. This study gives important insight useful in formulating carrier materials for developing biofertilizers.
Potato seed production of G2 from plantlet cutting by setting of population, spacing, and mulch
Authors: Dianawati M , Fahmi T
Published: August 2024

Quick multiplication of potato seeds using plantlet cuttings outside of screen house can accelerate the availability of high quality seeds, especially G2 seeds. However, some obstacles are faced, especially the low adaptation rate of plantlet cuttings. This study aimed to increase the production of potato seed G2 from plantlet cutting by using various population number per hole, spacing, and plastic mulch. The study used a randomized completed block design with three treatment factors and six replications. The first factor was the population number (1, 2, 3, and 4 cuttings per hole). The second was spacing in row (20 and 30 cm). The third was the usage of mulch (yes and no). The results showed that the technology combination of four cuttings per hole, spacing in rows of 30 cm, and mulch had the largest number of total and medium tubers per plant. The population at a planting distance of 30 cm which was reduced in this treatment could be increased by increasing the number of cuttings per hole, so that the total number of tubers remained high, especially when using mulch. Single cutting in no mulch and wider spacing would promote much number of large tubers.
Comparative seed yields of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.): evaluating seeds sources and fertilizers
Authors: Wahyuni S , Susanti Z , Arief R , Widiastuti M L , Susilawati P N
Published: August 2024

The use of high-quality seeds from high-yielding rice varieties (HYV) is crucial for enhancing grain yield. Yet, the supply of certified seed meets only 57.3% of the total rice seed demand, leading some farmers to plant non-certified local rice seeds. A study examining the effects of seed sources and fertilization on seed yields was conducted in Bogor Village, Sukra District, Indramayu Regency during the Dry Season of 2019. The treatments consisted of two factors: A. Seed sources (Local non-certified seed (Local-NC), HYV non-certified seed (HYV-NC), and HYV-certified seed) and B. Fertilization methods (Recommended Fertilizer (RF), RF+BioF, RF+P as top dressing, and RF+N as top dressing). These were designed in a Complete Block Design with three replications. Results showed that Local-NC was more susceptible to BPH and RSB than HYV varieties. Additionally, Local-NC had the highest percentage of off-type plants and produced the lowest grain and seed yields. The addition of P or N fertilizer to RF during the heading stage notably improved the panicle number per hill, 1000-grain, seed yields and rendement. Our findings suggest that optimal rice seed yields can be achieved by planting HYV– certified seeds and applying either RF + 18 kg P ha−1 or RF + 11.5 kg N ha−1 as top dressing.
Maize production at phenological stages affected by water irrigation stress in dryland conditions
Authors: Suriadi A , Syarifinnur  , Mulyati  , Sumarsono J , Hadiawati L , Khaerana  , Putra GS
Published: August 2024

The growth and yield of maize are significantly influenced by the adequacy of soil moisture during the growth period. Given the uncertain rainfall due to climate change, the availability of water for maize production is becoming increasingly limited, while the demand is rising due to population growth. The extent to which maize yield is affected by soil moisture stress at each phenological stage in dryland areas has not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to determine the production and biomass of maize at various growth stages due to water stress. Watering using drip irrigation equipped with soil moisture sensors was stopped after the maize plants reached 20, 40, 60 (flowering), 80 days after sowing (DAS), and at harvest. Parameters of biomass, maize yield, and other parameters were determined when the soil’s permanent wilting point reached, and soil samples were taken to determine the moisture content. The results showed that irrigation up to 80 DAS was not significantly different in yield, although it was 30% lower than that irrigation up to harvest. However, irrigation up to 60 DAS reduced the yield by 3.9 times and 4.9 times compared to the yield at irrigation up to 80 DAS (85.897 grams/plant) and at harvest (108.57 grams/plant), respectively. Other parameters, such as dry biomass, cob weight, cob length, and cob diameter followed the yield trend, although their values varied. The dry biomass of maize at irrigation until 20 and 40 DAS were 13.68 grams/plant and 40.05 grams/plant, respectively. The experiment implies that irrigation water should be provided until 80 DAS to minimize significant yield losses of maize in dryland conditions.
Utilization of coconut fiber waste as a filling material for list profile
Authors: Sushardi  , Woesono H B , Hadi D S , Suwadji S
Published: August 2024

List profile is a mineral board product that is increasingly in demand by the wider public. One of the advantages of list profiles is that they are cheap, quick to obtain, resistant to attacks by wood-destroying organisms, and can be obtained in the form of attractive ornaments. From an economic perspective, list profile with rofing filler is more expensive. Coconut fiber can be used as a type of filler that has the same strength at a low price. This research aims to determine the type and level of gypsum adhesive, white cement, and their mixtures on the properties of the coconut fiber list profile. The research design used a completely randomized design with Tukey’s follow-up test. The factors used were the type of adhesive (gypsum, white cement, and a mixture of gypsum with white cement), and the amount of adhesive (600 g, 690 g, and 780 g). The parameters observed were water content, density, thickness expansion, and fracture toughness. The research results showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on water content and thickness development, the amount of adhesive had a significant effect on density and the adhesive type had a significant effect on water content, while the amount of adhesive had a significant effect on density and thickness development. The average value of water content is 15.90 - 18.85 %, density 0.67 - 0.92 g/cm3, thickness expansion 0.37 - 2.54 % and strength at fracture 3.88 - 35.90 kg/cm2.
Advancements in DNA analysis for distinguishing wild boar and domestic pig: a mini-review on research developments for food authentication studies
Authors: Volkandari S D , Rohman A , Jenie S N A , Cahyadi M , Erwanto Y
Published: August 2024

Ensuring food authenticity is integral to quality control and food safety, demanding traceability of food ingredient origins to be prominently featured on labels. Pork, a widely consumed and processed animal protein source, is susceptible to adulteration with wild boar meat, primarily driven by factors such as production costs and profitability. Complicating matters, the quality of wild boar meat obtained through game hunting lacks guarantees for hygienic standards, posing potential harm to consumers. Recent outbreaks of African Swine Fever in pigs and wild boars further emphasize the critical link between food safety and meat authenticity. This study addresses the need for research in distinguishing between pork and wild boar meat to uphold food quality control standards. Establishing the meat origin is not only crucial for quality control but also vital for mapping and tracing meat distribution patterns. The study adopts a DNA-based approach, utilizing biomarkers to distinguish domestic pig and wild boar meat. However, researchers encounter significant challenges due to their shared species (Sus scrofa) and high DNA sequence similarity. The pursuit of robust biomarkers and analytical methods becomes imperative. Exploring both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, this mini-review outlines the research developments in identifying resilient biomarkers and employing various analytical methods, including conventional PCR, PCR-RFLP, Real-time PCR, microsatellite (STR), and deep sequencing (NGS or GWAS). The paper provides a concise overview of the ongoing efforts to find effective biomarkers and analytical methods based on DNA approaches for distinguishing domestic pigs and wild boars, showcasing their potential applications in food authentication.
Mycotoxin contamination profiling in coffee bean by targeted LC-HRMS
Authors: Wanita Y P , Damayanti E , Hatmi R U , Amri A F , Karim M A , Ushada M , Sukartiko A C
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is the fourth coffee producer in the world which is 95% produced by smallholder plantations with various ways of processing and storage in the form of green beans and roasted beans. This study aims to analyse the presence of mycotoxin contamination of Menoreh coffee in various storage levels using Liquid Chromatography tandem High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. The analysis of mycotoxin contamination in green beans and roasted beans is crucial to ensure the safety and quality of the coffee for consumption. This study used a random sampling method. The samples tested were Menoreh Robusta coffee bean from two processors in Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that green beans stored in the dryer house for more than 6 months were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), ochratoxin, and patulin with 24.48; 10.98; 57.18 and 16.92 of area max (106), respectively. Samples of broken green beans stored in contaminated warehouses were contaminated with patulin. However, all roasted bean and roasted bean samples that have been mashed do not contain aflatoxin B1, B2, or patulin. Targeted metabolomic using LC-HRMS profiling is a powerful tool for the rapid detection of mycotoxin in coffee bean. This method could be developed for quantitative analysis to provide accurate concentration.
Development of meat analog patty using lion’s mane mushroom and pumpkin seeds
Authors: Marcello M , Halim Y
Published: August 2024

High meat consumption globally has caused several problems, such as environmental, animal welfare, and public health issues. Consumption of plant-based meat products or meat analog can be used as an alternative to overcome these problems. In this research, a meat analog patty was formulated using lion’s mane mushroom as a main ingredient as it contains high protein content (20.8%), along with texturized soy protein. Furthermore, pumpkin seeds were also added to provide sufficient iron to the meat analog. This research was done in two stages, in which the first stage of the research was done to observe the effect of different ratios of lion’s mane mushroom and texturized soy flour (30:50, 40:40, 50:30) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the meat analog patty. The analyses done included proximate analysis, color analysis, texture profile analysis, and organoleptic analysis. On the other hand, the second stage of research was focused on determining the best concentration of pumpkin seeds added (10%, 20%, 30%) to the meat analog patty to obtain the optimum iron content. The analyses done included texture profile analysis, proximate analyses, and iron content analysis. Results showed that the selected formulation of the meat analog patty was the one made from a 50:30 ratio of lion’s mane mushroom and texturized soy flour added with 10% pumpkin seeds. It had 0.79 mg of iron/30g of sample and was most preferred by the panelists based on organoleptic tests. The addition of pumpkin seeds did not affect the proximate chemical content of the meat analog patty, except for its moisture content. Regarding textural profile, the meat analog patty made with the addition of pumpkin seeds was comparable to commercial meat analog in terms of hardness while being less springy, cohesive, and chewy. Compared to a meat patty, it had a higher hardness and chewiness value with a lower springiness and cohesiveness value.
Effect of glycerol plasticizer on the structure and characteristics of bacterial cellulose-based biocomposite films
Authors: Agustin S , Cahyanto M N , Wahyuni E T , Supriyadi
Published: August 2024

Biocomposite film was successfully produced by combining bacterial cellulose (BC) and sodium alginate (ratio of 80:20) with the addition of glycerol as conventional plasticizer at varied concentration (2, 4, 6% w/w, based on total sample weight) through solution casting method. The influence of glycerol content on structure (by FTIR), mechanical properties, optical properties (by colorimeter and spectrophotometer) and water vapor permeability (WVP, gravimetric method) of BC biocomposite film was investigated. The addition of glycerol disrupts the inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the cellulose chains, replaced by weaker BC-alginate-glycerol bonds. This resulted a decrease in film density, causing lower tensile strength, lightness, opacity and WVP of BC biocomposite film. An increase in glycerol concentration led to an increase in elongation percentage due to the effect of glycerol plasticization. Film with 4% glycerol exhibited the lowest WVP (5.08x10-13 g/m.s.Pa), highest lightness (L = 73.49), lowest opacity (3.24 Abs/mm) with tensile strength of 19.57 MPa and elongation 8.38%. The addition of glycerol significantly affects the BC biocomposite film properties. The resulting biofilm shows performance equivalent to commercial bioplastic TeloRoll.
Evaluation of butterfly pea powder addition to cow’s milk kefir on the antibacterial activity against bacteria causing foodborne disease
Authors: Nur’Aini K , Prabaningtyas S , Febrisiantosa A , Trinugraha A C
Published: August 2024

Foodborne diseases are caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxic chemicals, as well as biotoxins. Bacteria responsible for foodborne disease include Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The typical approach to managing foodborne disease involves the use of antibiotics, which might lead to resistance over time. Kefir is a probiotic drink that can help maintain health by balancing the natural gut microflora. This study aims to investigate the impact of adding butterfly pea powder to kefir on its antibacterial activity against the bacteria that cause foodborne disease. Kefir was prepared by adding butterfly pea powder in six different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) with four replications. Kefir’s pH, total titrated acid, total LAB, and its antibacterial activity using the microdilution method were observed. The results revealed that the addition of butterfly pea flower powder at various concentrations significantly influenced the pH value, total acidity, and antibacterial effects against E.coli and S.aureus but did not significantly affect the total LAB count. Butterfly pea flower powder reduced the pH value, increased the total acidity, and enhanced the antibacterial activity, resulting in a higher percentage of inhibition against the tested bacteria without adversely affecting LAB growth. It was concluded that adding butterfly pea powder to cow milk kefir potentially improves the antibacterial functions against bacteria causing foodborne disease.
Effects of yeast variations and fermentation time on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory quality of sorghum soy sauce
Authors: Munir N F , Malle S , Mariani  , Sarwina
Published: August 2024

Soy sauce is a traditional salty liquid condiment produced by fermenting soybeans. However, the increasingly high price of soybeans on the market has led to the need for alternative substitutes to the raw material for making soy sauce. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) is a cereal crop that is widely grown in Indonesia and has high carbohydrate and protein content but has yet to be utilized optimally, so sorghum has the potential to be used as a functional. The sensory quality of soy sauce is affected by the fermentation process. This research aims to analyze the effect of adding yeast variations and fermentation time on the physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics of sorghum soy sauce. The research method used a wholly randomized factorial design with three repetitions. The first factor is yeast variations, which use two levels, Rhizopus oligosporus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The second factor is the fermentation time, with four levels, namely 7, 11, 15, and 19 days. The resulting soy sauce is then analyzed for protein content, acidity, viscosity, and sensory analysis using the attributes of taste, color, and flavor. The data obtained was processed with SPSS software using two-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) if the results obtained had a significant effect. The research results showed that the use of various types of yeast has a substantial impact on the protein content, viscosity, and flavor attributes of sorghum soy sauce. Meanwhile, fermentation time treatment had a significant effect on acidity and color. Overall, the best treatment was obtained by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a fermentation time of 11 days, resulting in a protein content of 1.32%, acidity of 4.60, and viscosity of 3.11 cp. Sensory analysis showed that the best treatment was soy sauce fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus for 11 days, which obtained a taste attribute value of 3.24, flavor value of 2.21, and color value of 3.96.