bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Applied to Real-Time Evaluation of Spoken English Communication in Tourism
Authors: Ming Xing , Han Dan , Cao Congcong
Published: October 2024

Effective interaction between travellers and local suppliers of services is critical in the increasingly international tourism business. Speaking and understanding English well is frequently essential to a satisfying trip. In the setting of tourism, this study investigates the use of machine learning algorithms for the real-time assessment of spoken English interaction. The aim of this research is to create a new system that uses algorithms based on machine learning to evaluate and enhance English-language conversations among travellers and travel agents. We provide a novel method for assessing many facets of a conversation, such as spelling, syntax, proficiency, and general sentiment, that integrates automated speech recognition (ASR), natural language processing (NLP), and sentiment analysis. The gathering of a broad collection of spoken English exchanges in travel-related contexts, the creation of a tailored ASR models taught on terminology unique to the travel industry, and the incorporation of natural language processing (NLP) methods to assess the sentiment and linguistic structure of dialogues are important aspects of the project. To assist businesses and visitors improve their ability to communicate, models based on machine learning will be taught to deliver immediate input. The goal of this project is to benefit the tourism sector by developing a tool that will enable better English-speaking interaction, which will eventually end up resulting in more satisfied and better experiences for visitors. It also covers the requirement for domain-specific individualized language instruction and evaluation tools. The study’s findings could revolutionize the way spoken English proficiency is assessed and enhanced in the travel and tourism industry. They could also have wider ramifications for language acquisition and intercultural interaction across a range of sectors.
Optimizing Hadoop Data Locality: Performance Enhancement Strategies in Heterogeneous Computing Environments
Authors: Kim Si-Yeong , Kim Tai-Hoon
Published: October 2024

As organizations increasingly harness big data for analytics and decision-making, the efficient processing of massive datasets becomes paramount. Hadoop, a widely adopted distributed computing framework, excels in processing large-scale data. However, its performance is contingent on effective data locality, which becomes challenging in heterogeneous computing environments comprising diverse hardware resources. This research addresses the imperative of enhancing Hadoop’s data locality performance in heterogeneous computing environments. The study explores strategies to optimize data placement and task scheduling, considering the diverse characteristics of nodes within the infrastructure. Through a comprehensive analysis of Hadoop’s data locality algorithms and their impact on performance, this work proposes novel approaches to mitigate challenges associated with disparate hardware capabilities. Weighted Extreme Learning Machine Technique (Weighted ELM) with the Firefly Algorithm (WELM-FF) is used in the proposed work. The integration of Weighted Extreme Learning Machine (WELM) with the Firefly Algorithm holds promise for enhancing machine learning models in the context of large-scale data processing. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and practical experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed enhancements. Factors such as network latency, disk I/O, and CPU capabilities are taken into account to develop a holistic framework for improving data locality and, consequently, overall Hadoop performance. The findings presented in this study contribute valuable insights to the field of distributed computing, offering practical recommendations for organizations seeking to maximize the efficiency of their Hadoop deployments in heterogeneous computing environments. By addressing the intricacies of data locality, this research strives to enhance the scalability and performance of Hadoop clusters, thereby facilitating more effective utilization of big data resources.
Research on Algorithm of Composite Material Painting Creation based on Image Processing Technology
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

In the study we proposed a novel approach is called a Customized Convolutional Neural Network (CCNN) to innovate in the field of art creation, particularly in composite material paintings. This research harnesses the power of image processing technology to analyze and synthesize various artistic elements, thereby facilitating the creation of composite material paintings. The core of the study revolves around the development of a unique algorithm that enables the integration of diverse materials and textures into a cohesive artistic expression. The Customized CNN is trained on a vast dataset of images, encompassing a wide spectrum of textures, colors, and patterns, representative of different materials commonly used in art. The network learns to identify and replicate the aesthetic qualities of these materials, thereby empowering artists to explore new realms of creativity. The algorithm not only recognizes the distinct characteristics of each material but also understands how to blend them effectively, maintaining artistic coherence. The results are evaluated to prove proposed performance.
Intelligent Positioning Algorithm for Urban Substation Personnel based on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Lishuo , Ma Zhuxin , Kang Zhe , Li Xiaoguang , Liu Yongzhao
Published: October 2024

In order to solve the problem of accurate and low-cost location of substation personnel in digital cities, a substation personnel location system based on wireless sensor cloud computing network is proposed. ZigBee wireless sensor cloud computing network is introduced into the substation to improve the direct location algorithm of substation personnel, and a fuzzy reasoning algorithm is proposed. The algorithm takes the signal strength received by each reference node and the relative distance between the reference nodes as input. After fuzzy, fuzzy reasoning and deblurring, the reliability of the received signal strength of each reference node is obtained, and then three reference nodes with high reliability are selected for trilateral positioning calculation. The experimental results show that the positioning error after improvement is more stable than that before improvement, and the maximum error before improvement is 1.4115m. Practice has proved that the algorithm can significantly improve the positioning accuracy of substation personnel without adding any hardware and using fewer nodes.
A Long Short Term Memory Model for Character-based Analysis of DNS Tunneling Detection
Authors: Kadhim Tayyeh Huda , AL-Jumaili Ahmed Sabah Ahmed
Published: October 2024

DNS tunneling is the attempt to create a hidden tunnel through a domain name service. Such a tunnel would jeopardize the targeted network and open the door for illegal access, control, and data exfiltration. The information security research community showed the variety of techniques that have been proposed to detect the tunnel. The majority of these efforts were relying on machine learning techniques where features of tunneling are considered such as length of DNS query, size, and entropy of the query. However, an additional analysis of the lexical information of the DNS query has been depicted recently and showed remarkable performance. This paper aims to examine the role of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model in terms of DNS lexical analysis. Two benchmark datasets related to DNS have been used. In addition, a character mapping mechanism has been used to replace every possible character with an integer number. Consequentially, the mapped representation has been fed into an LSTM model for DNS tunneling detection. Results showed that the proposed method was able to obtain a weighted average F1-score of 98% for both datasets respectively. Such results are competitive in the context of the state of the art and demonstrate the efficacy of the lexical analysis within the DNS tunneling detection task.
Research on Digital Media Algorithm Recommendation based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Lei Mengwei , Chen Qiong
Published: October 2024

Within digital media, the effectiveness of content material advice systems is pivotal for boosting user engagement and satisfaction. This study’s article delves into the development and implementation of a singular set of rules recommendation gadgets based totally on the principles of support Vector device (SVM), a distinguished machine learning approach. The objective is to address the demanding situations faced by using traditional recommendation structures, such as media content problems, by leveraging the type and regression talents of SVM. The methodology encompasses the usage of a large dataset of person interactions and alternatives extracted from diverse virtual media systems. This statistic is then processed via an SVM version and relationships among user behaviors and content material characteristics. The particular issue of this technique lies in its adaptability and precision in dealing with excessive-dimensional facts, which is ordinary in digital media environments. The SVM model is high-quality-tuned to optimize content recommendation via not most effective matching consumer choices but additionally introducing a degree of content material variety to combat echo chambers. This research evaluates the performance of the SVMbased recommendation system towards traditional algorithms via a sequence of metrics inclusive of accuracy, range, and consumer engagement charges. This assessment gives insights into the efficacy of SVM in delivering extra applicable and various content to users, thereby enhancing their digital media experience.
Application and Effect Evaluation of Information Technology in Physical Education
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Zhou Min
Published: October 2024

The Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter algorithm are widely used in physical education video processing, but their performance still needs to be improved for complex backgrounds or high dynamic targets. This paper presents an interactive multi-model algorithm. The displacement detection Kalman filter is used to track moving objects. This method can solve the problem of a single model not being able to match the motion features well. Finally, the simulation experiment of football match video proves that the proposed method can significantly improve the tracking accuracy of moving objects in video.
Computer-Assisted Online Learning of English Oral Pronunciation Based on DAE End-to-End Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Lai Kangsheng , Mo Liujun
Published: October 2024

With the development of globalization, learning a second language has received increasing attention from people. To improve English oral proficiency, a computer-aided online learning system for English oral pronunciation is studied. A denoising autoencoder is integrated into the system to create a simplified end-to-end recurrent neural network for pronunciation detection and diagnosis based on deep learning. The study first collected and preprocessed oral pronunciation data of English learners, including enhancing speech signals and reducing noise. Next, an RNN model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as the core was constructed to capture time series characteristics in pronunciation. And use DAE to extract features and reduce the influence of background noise to enhance the recognition of pronunciation features. At the same time, the study utilized web crawler technology to collect a large amount of oral pronunciation data from non-native English learners, and constructed an English oral corpus containing pronunciation errors. And in order to simulate real situations, white noise and pink noise were artificially added to the corpus in the study, and they were divided into training and testing sets in a ratio of 60% to 40%. The results showed that the classification accuracy of the system in the training and testing sets under white noise environment was 78.97% and 94.01%, respectively, and the classification accuracy in the pink noise environment was 76.19% and 94.03%, respectively. The system’s error detection accuracy in vowel and consonant pronunciation detection is 88.91% and 91.68%, respectively, and the error correction accuracy in vowel and consonant pronunciation detection is 90.67% and 91.96%, respectively. In summary, the research on computer-aided online learning of English oral pronunciation based on Denoising Auto Encoders end-to-end recurrent neural networks has effectively improved learning efficiency.
The Main Thing About the Social Bank Deposit and the Social Bank Account
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: October 2024

On July 22, 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed Federal Law № 202-FZ, which establishes the possibility of opening special banking products, namely a social bank deposit and a social bank account.
Determination of Accounting Estimates Related to Impairment of Non-current Assets
Authors: Kartashov V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of accounting estimates related to the impairment of non-current assets. The author considers the features of impairment test for fixed assets and intangible assets, considering the requirements of federal and international standards. Based on the systematization of discounted cash flow calculation practices, a formula for determining the value in use as one of the possible values of the recoverable amount and a formula for the present value of cash flows, considering improvements in the accounting regulation system, are proposed. The practical significance of the research is the development of specific methodological recommendations for the calculation of individual articles and components of the value in use.
Actual Problems of Application of Anti-Dumping Measures in the System of State (Municipal) Procurement
Authors: Trofimovskaya A. , Scheglov S.
Published: October 2024

At present, in the context of a difficult geopolitical situation, the application of an unprecedented number of economic sanctions against Russia, the task of targeted and at the same time effective spending of budgetary funds is urgent. In this regard, the forms of administrative management and control of the system of state and municipal procurement considered in the article, in particular, anti-dumping regulation carried out in order to protect public interest, are of particular practical interest. The article presents an analysis and assessment of the applied anti-dumping measures in the Russian contract system, which made it possible to identify the problems of applying anti-dumping measures in the system of state (municipal) procurement.
Polish adaptation and validation of the standard 27-item Highly Sensitive Person Scale
Authors: Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Ewa , Gałczyńska-Rusin Małgorzata , Grobelna Natalia , Jelonek Jacek , Rutkowski Radosław , Rybakowski Janusz , Rybakowski Filip
Published: October 2024

Cel pracy

Celem badania było utworzenie polskiej adaptacji Skali Wysokiej Wrażliwości (Highly Sensitive Person Scale, HSPS), ocena jej właściwości psychometrycznych oraz analiza czynnikowa, w grupie osób dorosłych.

Metoda

Ocenę polskiej adaptacji przeprowadzono wśród 502 studentów Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu w wieku od 19 do 40 lat, z zastosowaniem 27-itemowej skali HSPS, Inwentarza Depresji Becka (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) oraz Kwestionariusza NEO-FFI. Analizę czynnikową eksploracyjną i konfirmacyjną, przeprowadzono w 2 podgrupach (odpowiednio N=250 oraz N=252).

Wyniki

Polska wersja została zaakceptowana przez autorów skali. Współczynnik α Cronbacha wyniósł 0,90, a współczynnik korelacji międzyklasowej ICC 0,95 dla danych retestowych. Eksploracyjna analiza czynnikowa wyróżniła 3-czynnikowy model skali HSPS (czynniki EOE, LST i AES), a analiza konfirmacyjna potwierdziła jego lepsze dopasowanie. Skala HSPS, czynnik EOE i LST wykazały istotną zależność z BDI i Neurotyzmem, a ujemną z Ekstrawersją, natomiast czynnik AES był silnie związany z Otwartością. Kobiety uzyskały wyższe wyniki we wszystkich podskalach HSPS, w wyniku całkowitym HSPS i sumienności.

Wnioski

Polska wersja skali HSPS charakteryzuje się dobrą rzetelnością, zgodnością i trafnością, a wyniki wskazują na model 3-czynnikowy. Rekomendujemy wykorzystanie skali HSPS w warunkach polskich przez profesjonalistów związanych ze zdrowiem psychicznym.
(Dossier Colin Rowe) Un giro al Sur: recontextualizar la ciudad collage para reconceptualizar la ciudad informal.
Authors: Martínez-Fons Lola
Published: October 2024

Este ensayo presenta una relectura de las teorías de la ciudad collage de Colin Rowe y Fred Koetter desde la perspectiva del Sur-Este Global y, en concreto, desde sus ciudades y barrios informales, donde ‘la aparente combinación de lo esquizoide y lo inevitale’ encierra, en realidad, la experiencia de hacer ciudad de sus bricoleurs. Las ciudades informales representadas como estructuras colectivas que !uctúan del andamiaje al accidente cotidiano. Auténticas ciudades collage en un proceso de continuum experiencial: una pluralidad de prácticas moleculares, de acontecimientos impulsados por la imaginación colectiva y la adaptación. Hábitats urbanos de una densidad inmaterial que se captura y revela en sus fragmentos urbanos ‘montados en colisión’: entidades materiales o formas de expresión y conocimiento con las que sus habitantes, bajo formas diversas de relaciones y saberes, interactúan entre sí y con su entorno. Aproximarse a estos hábitats urbanos informales de estructuras complejas y autoorganizadas bajo un orden espontáneo nos enfrenta a una realidad enmarañada y elusiva, a una red de lugares ‘experienciados’, decodi"cable sólo si aunamos mito y logos. Aprehender las lógicas o patrones que construyen estos artefactos colectivos requerirá cartogra"ar las interacciones del espacio geográ"co y del espacio existencial de sus bricoleurs usando herramientas tecnológicas, cientí"cas y metodológicas.
Colombia, la grande: abordajes historiográficos y nuevas perspectivas
Authors: Dorta Vargas Miguel Felipe , González Martínez Nelson Fernando , Martínez Garnica Armando , Mejía Sergio , Quintero Inés , Uribe-Uran Víctor M. , Urrego Ardila Miguel Ángel , Vanegas Muñoz Laura Ximena
Published: October 2024

Colombia, la grande reúne las perspectivas de destacados historiadores e historiadoras en una obra colectiva que ofrece una mirada innovadora y crítica sobre la primera República de Colombia (1819-1830). A través de rigurosos ensayos historiográficos y novedosos estudios con base en fuentes de archivo, el equipo autoral explora las complejidades de este periodo crucial en la historia latinoamericana. El prólogo, a cargo de Marco Palacios, subraya la relevancia y actualidad política e historiográfica de los temas abordados. Esta obra desafía las narrativas convencionales sobre el Congreso de la Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta de 1821, analizando críticamente cómo se ha interpretado este momento fundacional. Además, profundiza en aspectos clave como el constitucionalismo, la comunicación política, la ciudadanía y la representación visual del poder. El libro constituye un aporte fundamental para comprender la complejidad del proceso de independencia y la formación de los estados nacionales en el norte de Sudamérica, y brinda una visión más inclusiva y matizada de este periodo trascendental. Se trata de una lectura esencial para historiadores, estudiantes y todos aquellos interesados en la historia política latinoamericana.
Imaging insights suggesting a sinister cause of a breast mass in adolescents: A case of rhabdomyosarcoma in a teenager
Authors: Malik Mariam , Idrees Rana Bilal , Khalid Maham , Munir Ameema , Nawaz Saba , Nawaz Zainab , Chaudhary Muhammad Hamid
Published: October 2024

Background: Sarcomas of the breast are exceedingly rare, accounting for less than 1% of malignant breast tumors, with primary rhabdomyosarcomas being even rarer. Due to the scarcity of reported cases, the imaging characteristics of breast rhabdomyosarcoma are not well-defined, making diagnosis challenging, especially in adolescents. Case description: We present the case of a 17-year-old female diagnosed with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma following a comprehensive workup for right breast masses. Initial imaging showed no distant metastasis, and the patient underwent a right mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A few months post-treatment, she developed recurrent nodules in the chest wall. Further investigation confirmed the recurrence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of considering primary rhabdomyosarcoma as a differential diagnosis in adolescent breast lesions. Given its rare occurrence and potential imaging overlap with more common tumors like cystosarcoma phyllodes, awareness and careful evaluation are critical for accurate diagnosis and timely management.
Countercultural Denial in the UK: “New” Social Movements?
Authors: Esteves Victoria
Published: October 2024

limate change is a divisive issue within the United Kingdom, as policy and popular rhetoric circulating within England and Scotland can be at odds with one another. Whilst climate denial is problematic, it is by no means the first form of denialin the broader British cultural sphere. In order to comprehend climate change denial fully, it is useful to gain an understanding of denialism itself as it operates in the UK more broadly, including other sceptically ideological movements, both recent and historical. Ecologies of the Right go some way towards explaining these converging tendencies; however, postmodern deconstructionism—which has left-wing origins—also seems to permeate these sceptical lines of thought. Additionally, postmodernism itself has been adopted by right-wing nationalism (Wolin, 2019), evidencing that it might be more productive to think beyond current political alignments in order to understand climate denial more wholly.
O Diagnóstico de Requisitos como Tópico de Inovação Tecnológica – A Ferramenta iStar Diagnoses
Authors: Oliveira Antonio de Padua Albuquerque
Published: October 2024

Resumo: De um modo geral, a inovação pode ser considerada um propulsor da produtividade. A inovação trabalha para alcançar resultados de sucesso (mais eficácia) com menor esforço ou menor desperdício de tempo (mais eficiência). A inovação não distingue se o objeto que recebe a inovação é uma atividade, humana ou não, ou mesmo se envolve o aprimoramento de uma ferramenta. “Inovar é Fazer, Pensar e Ser DIFERENTE”. Apesar da Engenharia de Requisitos estar sempre em evolução, observamos que a atividade de análise (V&V - verificação e validação de requisitos) não é agraciada com tecnologias inovadoras com a mesma frequência que outras atividades do processo de desenvolvimento software. Neste trabalho apresentamos a ferramenta de software “iStar Diagnoses” que apoia uma técnica para análise de requisitos em modelos do Framework i*, mais precisamente: no artigo resumimos o método que possui a técnica de diagnósticos, explicamos a técnica e exemplificamos o uso da ferramenta com diagnósticos em modelos SD e SR do Framework i*.
Rio Street Museum - Viabilizando um Museu a Céu Aberto na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Prata Renan Carlos , Lovisolo Lisandro
Published: October 2024

Neste trabalho apresentamos o Rio Street Museum, este é uma ferramenta que visa auxiliar o registro e a disseminação de aspectos culturais e a memória histórica e arquitetônica da cidade. O Rio Street Museum é um aplicativo Android que apresenta os principais pontos turísticos, monumentos e museus da cidade e possíveis serviços próximos (restaurantes, lojas, cafés e etc.) característicos do Rio de Janeiro. O aplicativo contém um módulo no qual Realidade Aumentada é utilizada para apontar os locais de interesse. O aplicativo está na loja Google Play e pode ser instalado em qualquer dispositivo móvel com versão Android acima da 4.0. De forma mais genérica, tem-se um aplicativo “Street Museum” (um museu pelas ruas) capaz de fornecer um catálogo de monumentos, arte urbana, arquitetura relevante e interessante, museus, etc de uma cidade; isso permite facilitar o acesso à história, à arte e a cultura da cidade, na cidade e pela cidade; ele é customizado à cidade do Rio de Janeiro, perfazendo o “Rio Street Museum”. Porém, o sistema proposto é facilmente adaptável para outras cidades.Neste trabalho apresentamos o Rio Street Museum, este é uma ferramenta que visa auxiliar o registro e a disseminação de aspectos culturais e a memória histórica e arquitetônica da cidade. O Rio Street Museum é um aplicativo Android que apresenta os principais pontos turísticos, monumentos e museus da cidade e possíveis serviços próximos (restaurantes, lojas, cafés e etc.) característicos do Rio de Janeiro. O aplicativo contém um módulo no qual Realidade Aumentada é utilizada para apontar os locais de interesse. O aplicativo está na loja Google Play e pode ser instalado em qualquer dispositivo móvel com versão Android acima da 4.0. De forma mais genérica, tem-se um aplicativo “Street Museum” (um museu pelas ruas) capaz de fornecer um catálogo de monumentos, arte urbana, arquitetura relevante e interessante, museus, etc de uma cidade; isso permite facilitar o acesso à história, à arte e a cultura da cidade, na cidade e pela cidade; ele é customizado à cidade do Rio de Janeiro, perfazendo o “Rio Street Museum”. Porém, o sistema proposto é facilmente adaptável para outras cidades.
Não-Alague - Um aplicativo que integra multiagentes e mapeamento colaborativo para indicar pontos de alagamento na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Costa Rosa Maria Moreira da
Published: October 2024

Atualmente, os smartphones possuem diversos recursos, como câmera e GPS, que registram e compartilham informações baseadas em geolocalização. Com a intenção de explorar essas características e diante da ausência de um recurso eficiente que auxilie a população da cidade do Rio de Janeiro a identificar pontos de alagamento, durante as ocorrências de fortes chuvas, este trabalho descreve a integração das abordagens de multiagentes e mapeamento colaborativo para indicar esses pontos usando smartphones. A avaliação apontou o interesse dos participantes em colaborar no fornecimento das informações sobre os alagamentos, assim como no recebimento dessas informações.
CATIE: A Catalogue of iStar Extensions
Authors: Gonçalves Enyo , Heineck Tiago , Araújo João , Castro Jaelson
Published: October 2024

iStar has been extended since its initial proposal in the 90’s. It is worth noting that since 2016 the language notation is under standardisation. However, new extensions continue to be proposed. The search for previous extensions and its constructs can be a starting point in the proposal of new ones. So, to ease the identification of the previous extensions and its constructs is essential to next proposals. Motivated by this situation, the objective of this paper is to present a catalogue of iStar extensions. The extensions and their constructs were identified from a systematic literature review, which identified that 96 extensions had been proposed until 2016. The results suggest that catalogue is important during future iStar extensions proposal.
O Uso de Design Thinking no Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Software: Um Estudo de Caso no Contexto de Academias de Musculação
Authors: Correa Lauriane , Maria Daniel , Bellio Jean Carlos , Marczak Sabrina , Conte Tayana
Published: October 2024

Design Thinking (DT) aparece na Engenharia de Software como uma abordagem promissora. Inspirado em pr´aticas de design centradas  no usuário, ainda tem seus benef´ıcios pouco conhecidos. Como parte de um projeto que visa identificar como o DT é utilizado, este artigo apresenta o relato de um estudo de caso da aplicação de DT na exploração das necessidades de academias de musculação. Utilizou-se o modelo duplo diamante [Design Council 2012] com um conjunto de 13 técnicas. Baseado na opinião dos stakeholders e demais participantes, o entendimento foi adequado e a solução proposta foi desejada pelos stakeholders, sugerindo que as técnicas utilizadas foram apropriadas.
Management of dental trauma: re-attachment workflows. Guidelines and case studies
Authors: Chandrapal Andrew
Published: October 2024

Dental trauma presents in a number of different ways and the outcome of treatment of trauma is equally varied, and can be dependent on the mode of management at the acute presentation. Pulpal vitality, retention of the periodontal ligament, discolouration factors, apical maturity, mobility and recession are just some of the follow-up complications that can be influenced not only by the nature of the injury, but also the method of immediate management. This report of two cases of broken incisors highlights the use of adhesive techniques and a knowledge of hue, chroma and opacity to re-attach tooth fragments in an aesthetic zone trauma. The cases also highlight the variance of outcome based on the nature of the trauma and the injury sustained.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To highlight the relevance of trauma management, the techniques available and the variation in outcome with treatment.
The integration of facial aesthetics and aesthetic dentistry
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Zainab
Published: October 2024

The aesthetics industry is still unregulated in the UK, and with the surge in people seeking facial aesthetic procedures, there has been a concomitant increase in the incidence of complications associated with these procedures. Dentists are especially well positioned to undertake facial aesthetic treatments providing that they have the appropriate training. Dentists generally have a strong foundational understanding of facial anatomy, in particular skeletal jaw structure, musculature, nerve and main vascular supply. In particular, dentists are exceptionally insightful around the peri-oral region and the smile.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: There are many parallels and transferable skills between dentistry and facial aesthetics and dentists are well positioned to undertake facial aesthetic treatments after appropriate training.
To bond or not to bond: considerations for choosing the appropriate treatment for closing a midline diastema
Authors: Halley Elaine
Published: October 2024

In the realm of dental aesthetics, the decision between employing a resin composite material bonded to the dental hard tissues, or orthodontics to address a midline diastema and enhance smile aesthetics, can be complex and multifaceted. This article delves into the critical considerations and decision-making processes guiding dental practitioners through how to decide when orthodontic movement, while a more costly and complex treatment option, might provide optimum aesthetics. By exploring the aetiology of midline diastemas, and the pivotal role of the central incisor in smile aesthetics the author aims to equip clinicians with a comprehensive framework.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article shows how to assess suitable treatment modalities for closing midline diastemas in adult patients.
Biophysical and aesthetic recovery in incisor hypomineralisation: a modified protocol
Authors: Tam Clarence P
Published: October 2024

The clinical management of incisor hypomineralisation (IH) as it pertains to biophysical and aesthetic recovery, especially in the teeth of young individuals, is fraught with complexity. Treatment modalities are wide and varied, and often, if used in the wrong sequence, can lead to a suboptimal aesthetic result. Approaches, such as chemical micro-abrasion, air particle abrasion and tooth whitening have been used in the past, in addition to resin infiltration for the treatment of affected enamel. The penetration depth of hypomineralised lesions by resin infiltrant has been reported to vary and be dependent on the pre-treatment modalities used. The elimination of brown-coloured aspects of the IH lesion via tray-delivered tooth whitening is critical prior to resin infiltration because once the resin has polymerised, it will be more impermeable and thus less likely to be modified by oxidative action. This case report describes an extended resin infiltration period under diminished ambient light prior to polymerisation that was required for aesthetic success.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Ideal sequencing of treatment prior to resin infiltration is critical for physico-aesthetic success. The length of resin infiltration can be increased if results are not seen by the manufacturer-prescribed application time.
Women's experiences of the transition to motherhood and self-compassion
Authors: Hunter Stephanie , Dickson Caroline
Published: October 2024

Health visitors have a pivotal role in supporting women in their transition to motherhood, equipping them with the necessary skills and knowledge to help them cope and thrive. This review was conducted to appraise the current literature around the role of self-compassion in the transition to motherhood and women's experiences of this, as well as the effectiveness of self-compassion on women's psychological wellbeing in this transition. Databases were searched against an inclusion criterion and 11 studies were selected for review. Review findings give insights into how self-compassion practices can aid the transition to motherhood by mitigating psychological challenges and promoting maternal wellbeing and mother–infant bonding. Self-compassion training opportunities should be provided to health visitors and other health professionals working with women from pregnancy, to competently deliver and facilitate such interventions.
The role of moral disengagement and lack of empathy in cyberbullying: How school nurses can respond
Authors: Holdsworth Adele
Published: October 2024

Cyberbullying offers no escape for its victims and provides little opportunity for children and young people (CYP) to defend themselves. Many interventions relating to all forms of bullying focus primarily on victims and the negative effects that it causes toward their emotional health. There is a requirement, however, for school nurses (SNs) to develop an understanding of the differing roles CYP may adopt in the bullying process, in order for universal preventative interventions to be developed, in collaboration with schools and specialist agencies, which target all children. This article explores the risk factors associated with cyberbullying (e.g. moral disengagement and lack of empathy), both as a victim and perpetrator, and protective factors which could aid in the development of preventative intervention strategies for school nurses.
Teaching empathy can have a positive impact on behaviour and tolerance
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: October 2024

A new report has found that teaching empathy can help improve emotional awareness, tolerance and behaviour in children and young people, as Dorothy Lepkowska explains
Food poverty: The role of the school nurse
Authors: Gallogly Ann Marie
Published: October 2024

The cost of living crisis and food poverty continue to be a significant challenge for children, young people and their families. In SAPHNA's augural survey of school nurses, 70% of respondents reported to have supported children, young people, and families where the cost of living and/or food poverty was an issue. Comments include that services had noticed ‘an increased demand for community services – food banks, uniform banks, charity funding for white goods, etc.’ School nurses reported a range of activities in relation to supporting children, young people and families, which broadly fell into direct provision, supported access to community services and provision, and advocacy work. You will be able to read more about this in the full survey report which will be published soon.

Ann Marie Gallogly, deputy professional officer shares how SAPHNA works as part of a coalition to support children, young people and their families and respond to the challenges of food poverty and the cost of living crisis, and explains how school nurses support children and young people.
Introducing a 12/10 Induction Switched Reluctance Machine (ISRM) for Electric Powertrains
Authors: Joodi M. , Abbasian M. , Delshad M.
Published: October 2024

The induction switched reluctance machine (ISRM) is a novel electric machine that integrates the switched reluctance machine (SRM) with rotor inductive conductors to enhance performance in electric vehicle (EV) powertrain applications. In this topology, the rotor conductors act as a magnetic shield, diverting magnetic flux and preventing magnetic field lines from penetrating the rotor body. By engineering this design, short magnetic flux paths are created in both the stator and rotor of the electric machine. Since its recent introduction, the ISRM represents an emerging technology in the early stages of development. Similar to conventional SRMs, the ISRM can take on various topologies with different stator and rotor pole numbers. Minimizing rotor copper loss is a critical consideration in the ISRM design process. This paper examines two distinct ISRM topologies (12/10 and 12/8), and their characteristics are analyzed using the finite element method. Simulation results, including power density, torque density, efficiency, and copper loss, are presented and compared. Finally, the optimal ISRM topology is proposed for hybrid electric powertrains.
Enhanced Authorship Verification for Textual Similarity with Siamese Deep Learning
Authors: Aouchiche Rebeh Imane , Boumahdi Fatima , Remmide Mohamed Abdelkarim , Hemina Karim , Guendouz Amina
Published: October 2024

The internet is filled with documents written under false names or without revealing the author’s identity. Identifying the authorship of these documents can help decrease the success rate of potential criminals for financial or legal consequences. Most previous research on authorship verification focused on general text, but social media texts like tweets are more challenging since they are short, improperly structured, and cover a wide range of subjects. This paper proposes a new approach to determining textual similarity between these challenging messages. Inspired by the popularity of the Siamese networks in determining input similarity, four deep learning models based on this architecture were developed: a long-short-term memory (LSTM), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a combination of the two and a BERT model. These models were evaluated on a Twitter-based dataset, and the results show that the Siamese CNN-LSTM similarity model achieved the best performance with 0,97 accuracy.
A Computer Vision-based Architecture for Remote Physical Rehabilitation
Authors: Rezende Daniel Muller , Rozatto Paulo Victor de Magalhães , Almeida Dauane Joice Nascimento de , Namorato Filipe de Lima , Santos Tatiane Daniele dos , Silva Rodrigo Luis de Souza da
Published: October 2024

The use of computer vision in healthcare is constantly growing and the application of these techniques in the context of physical rehabilitation can bring great benefits. In this work, a software architecture was proposed which, with the use of computer vision techniques, aims to assist in the treatment and remote diagnosis of patients undergoing physical rehabilitation. The architecture was developed to allow the system to be used on computers and mobile devices. In the proposed system, the user with a professional profile can register and prescribe exercises for their patients according to the treatment. Users with a patient profile can view and perform the exercises that were prescribed for them in the application, relying on the application’s help to visually assist them with proper execution. A field research and a qualitative assessment were carried out in order to verify the usability and effectiveness of the application from the users’ point of view, with a positive reception.
October 2024 Critical Care Case of the Month: Respiratory Failure in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Wesselius Lewis
Published: October 2024

No abstract available. Manuscript truncated after 150 words. History of Present Illness The patient is a 57-year-old woman with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) complicated by toxic megacolon with subsequent colectomy. She presented to the emergency department with cough, shortness of breath and hypoxemia (87% on RA). PMH, SH • UC with history of toxic megacolon (4 years prior) with a total colectomy • History of a prior episode of respiratory failure a year earlier thought possibly medication induced (ustekinumab, Stelara®) which she was taking for her UC. She was treated with steroids at that time with good response. • Pyoderma gangrenosum of both ankles (attributed to UC). • Anemia of chronic disease. • She is a lifelong non-smoker. • No exposures to toxic dusts, birds, down, humidifiers, mold or other antigens associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Physical Exam • Afebrile, Oxygen saturation 94% on 2 lpm supplemental oxygen. • Chest: crackles noted at left base. • CV regular rhythm, no murmur. Ext: scarring and erythema on …
Optimization design of a polarization-independent grating coupler on lithium-niobate-on-insulator
Authors: Xing Xinke , Chen Bin , Chen Kaixuan , Liu Liu
Published: October 2024

We have designed a novel, to the best of our knowledge, polarization-independent grating coupler with non-uniform periods, assisted by plasmonic modes on a lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform. Through simulations, we demonstrate that depositing metal into the LN grating trenches excites plasmonic modes, which effectively tune the effective refractive index difference between the TE and TM modes. Unlike previous studies, the etching depth of the LN is optimized to maximize the coupling efficiency for both polarization modes simultaneously within the C-band. The coupling efficiency, polarization-dependent loss (PDL), and back reflection were further optimized using inverse design. The simulated coupling loss of the proposed grating is −3.18dB for the TE mode and −3.22dB for the TM mode. The PDLs are less than 0.09 dB, and the back reflection to the waveguide is below −11.9dB for both polarization modes over an 80 nm wavelength range. Additionally, we designed a taper that connects the gratings and single-mode waveguides to reduce transmission loss for TM modes by mitigating the influence of mode hybridization, resulting in a PDL of less than 0.03 dB. This novel grating coupler has potential applications in polarization multiplexing and polarization-independent systems on LNOI chips.
Improving current-matching in textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells via a thickness control strategy
Authors: Piralaee Mina , Annabi Milani Elmira , Asgari Asghar
Published: October 2024

This study presents an analysis of a two-terminal tandem solar cell that integrates
metal-doped, lead-free double Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6 perovskite with silicon to enhance
overall energy conversion efficiency. This study explores how the
thicknesses of the top and bottom sub-cells affect current-matching in
two-terminal tandem perovskite/silicon solar cells with two separate
planar and textured configurations. Using numerical modeling in
MATLAB, and considering dominant recombination effects, we calculated
the performance parameters of the device. We investigated the optical
and electrical properties of textured tandem structures, focusing on
current- matching and the influence of layer thickness on device
performance. Given the complexity, time, and expense involved in
constructing tandem solar cells, being able to analytically determine
the thickness at which current-matching occurs can be highly
advantageous. This approach offers the benefit of providing a precise
analytical relationship for this purpose. Our findings demonstrate
that increasing the top cell thickness enhances current density and
power conversion efficiency, but at the cost of the bottom cell’s
efficiency due to increased light absorption. Moreover, we discovered
a nearly linear behavior between the thickness of the top and bottom
cells for achieving current-matching. The study highlights the
critical balance required to optimize layer thicknesses, thereby
improving the design and performance of tandem solar cells. These
insights are significant as they pave the way for more efficient and
cost-effective tandem solar cell designs in the future, potentially
accelerating the adoption of advanced photovoltaic technologies. The
results show good agreement with experimental data, validating our
model.
Kerr Switch versus Nonlinear Thermal Effects in Whispering Gallery Resonators
Authors: Frigenti Gabriele , Farnesi Daniele , Pelli Stefano , Conti Gualtiero Nunzi , Soria Silvia , Murzina Tatyana V.
Published: October 2024

Whispering-gallery-modes resonators are effective switching devices when either coated or filled with non-linear material. We present examples of all-optical switching of hybrid WGM using polyfluorene, a methacrylate azobenzene and an acrylate derivates.
Cultural values and digital gap: Overview of behavioral patterns
Authors: Jamalova Maral
Published: October 2024

The study uses different statistical techniques to understand the relationship between variables explaining the digital divide and classification based on The Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map for 2023. To achieve this purpose variables focusing on Digital Penetration (the percentage of internet and social media users and mobile cellular connections), Operating Systems share (iOS and Android), Device Traffic (laptop/mobile phone-based web traffic) as well as Mobile Commerce variables (bills and payments using mobile internet) were included in the analysis. To minimize any effects arithmetic means of data was calculated.: The results from one-way ANOVA tests indicate significant differences among groups classified by cultural values for almost all measured variables of digitalization. The mean squares and F-values across variables like cellular mobile connections, internet users, and active social media users are significant indicating a shift towards more secular and self-expressive cultural values. The results of the GLM procedure show that significant portions of the total variance in digitalization variables are associated with membership in groups based on the cultural map. This suggests that cultural classifications can explain substantial differences in digital behavior and preferences across populations. Spearman’s correlation coefficients showed strong positive correlations between Traditional/Secular values and several digitalization metrics, such as the use of mobile phones or the internet for payments, and negative correlations with others like share of web traffic by device type (mobile vs. laptop/computer). These correlations suggest that cultural values play a substantial role in influencing digital habits and accessibility.