bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Correlates of (Internet) Gaming Disorder among Young Adults in Singapore
Authors: Chew Peter K. H. , Naidu Kuhanesan N. C. , Shi Jing , Zhang Melvyn W. B.
Published: February 2025

There is a lack of estimates of prevalence rates of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gaming disorder (GD) among young adults in Singapore. Consequently, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of IGD and GD, and their relationships with known correlates. Participants were a representative sample of 1008 young adults in Singapore. They completed instruments that assess IGD, GD, gaming motivations, negative emotional states, and sleep quality. The results showed a prevalence rate of 10.3% for IGD and 5.0% for GD. Males had a higher IGD and GD prevalence rate (14.6% and 7.2%) than females (6.2% and 2.8%). Furthermore, participants with IGD or GD reported higher gaming time, and higher scores on gaming motivations, negative emotional states, and sleep quality than their counterparts with no IGD or GD. The higher prevalence rates in this study compared to other global studies suggest that problematic gaming is a social issue in Singapore. Known correlates relating to gender, gaming time, motivations, and emotions were confirmed in the current study. The finding that participants with IGD or GD had better sleep quality was inconsistent with previous studies and could be due to the use of a single item to assess sleep quality. Limitations include the use of a cross-sectional correlational design. Future research could develop and evaluate prevention programs or intervention programs to alleviate the symptoms and negative consequences of problematic gaming.
Dugin’s apocalypticism: Western or Russian?
Authors: Meng Michael
Published: February 2025

This essay historically contextualizes Aleksandr Dugin as an apocalyptic thinker by considering his interpretation of Western history as dominated by an apocalyptic desire for destruction. Exploring this interpretation of Western history through several key figures from the ancient and modern eras (Thucydides, Plato, Augustine, and Hitler), it concludes that Dugin’s apocalypticism hopes to overcome the destructive apocalypticism of Western history in a “new” beginning led by Russia for the sake of “preserving” Russia’s supposedly distinctive cultural-linguistic identity as an anti-Western, “Dionysian” culture of “openness” and “inclusivity” in contrast to the Apollonian, imperial culture of “closure” and “exclusivity” found in the United States. However, Dugin’s claim to want to preserve Russia’s putative openness is belied by his exclusion of certain ways of thinking and being, most notably Epicureanism and most violently Ukrainian nationalism. Dugin condemns Epicureanism as the basis of crass American hedonism, and he supports Vladimir Putin’s violent assertion of Russian nationalism on Ukraine.
Magnetic Reconnection in Space: An Introduction
Authors: Burch J. L. , Nakamura Rumi
Published: February 2025

An International Space Science Institute (ISSI) workshop was convened to assess recent rapid advances in studies of magnetic reconnection made possible by the NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission and to place them in context with concurrent advances in solar physics by the Parker Solar Probe, astrophysics, planetary science and laboratory plasma physics. The review papers resulting from this study focus primarily on results obtained by MMS, and these papers are complemented by reports of advances in magnetic reconnection physics in these other plasma environments. This paper introduces the topical collection “Magnetic Reconnection: Explosive Energy Conversion in Space Plasmas”, in particular introducing the new capabilities of the MMS mission used in majority of the articles in the collection and briefly summarizing the advances obtained from MMS.
Shape Function-Based Strain Determination in DIC for Solids and Lattice Structures
Authors: Hofmann M. , Greiner M. , Klein M. , Oechsner M. , Mittelstedt C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Additive Manufacturing offers the opportunity to build lattice structures with benefits in manufacturing efficiency and weight. For the determination of the fatigue properties of lattice structures, it lacks a method to determine the deformation under mechanic stress.

Objective

A digital image correlation (DIC) algorithm was implemented. The algorithm determines strains within a subset in an uncommon way by physically interpreting the subset shape function and does not need neighboring subsets, therefore.

Method

With a monochrome background this shape function-based strain determination is able to determine the deformation of a whole lattice unit cell, even if the background is visible in sectors of the subset. The implementation is validated by comparing the results in quasi-static tests on bulk material specimens to the results tactile sensors and a conventional DIC program. Then the deformation of lattice unit cells in fatigue tests is evaluated.

Results

The shape function-based strain determination performs well in quasi-static tests even for large deformations. The deformation of lattice unit cells is determined successfully, whereby conventional DIC algorithms can be challenged if the lattice’s strut diameter becomes close to the image resolution. The determined strains are appropriate for lifetime prediction and fractures can be detected.

Conclusion

The shape function-based strain determination is a suitable tool for determination of large local strains as well as strains in lattice structures, which do partially not cover the background in the whole region of interest due to periodic empty spaces between the lattice struts. For determination of strain fields, conventional DIC algorithms will still be more efficient in this state of development.
Development of Edible Coating Incorporating Cherry Stem Powder or Leek Powder to Decrease Oil Uptake and Lipid Oxidation in Potatoes During Air, Oven, and Deep Oil Frying Methods
Authors: Yazicioglu Nalan , Mert Imran , Özmen Tuğba , Öztürk Şevval , Saritaş Esra , Özer Ramazan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to compare the effects of various coating materials, including cherry stem powder (C) or leek powder (L), Aloe vera (A), or glycerol (G) on the quality parameters of potatoes during different frying methods (air frying, conventional oven frying, and deep oil frying), considering factors such as moisture content, texture, oil uptake, frying loss, colour, total phenolic content (TPC), lipid oxidation, and sensory analysis. The moisture content of air-fried CG was higher compared to oven frying and deep oil frying. The air frying yields a firmer texture for LG and LA compared to the deep oil frying of these samples. Additionally, uncoated potatoes exhibited greater hardness than CG, CA, and LA samples when oven-fried. The frying method had no notable impact on surface oil; coated samples absorbed less oil than uncoated ones, notably in air frying. Incorporating cherry stem powder into coatings significantly increased the phenolic content to 228.63 ± 0.106 mg GAE/100 g, surpassing that of samples containing leek powder and the control, which measured at 190.76 ± 1.98 mg GAE/100 g. Coatings with elevated levels of TPC (CA, CG) decreased secondary oxidation in fried potato to 1.275 ± 0.021 mg MDA/kg, which was 18.5% lower than the control. Cherry stem powder-added samples, when air-fried, showed promise in reducing oil uptake and lipid oxidation.
Examples and effects of avalanches on the surface of mountain lakes: Morskie Oko, a case study from Poland (Tatra Mountains)
Authors: Choiński Adam , Denega Wojciech , Macias Andrzej , Piniarski Witold
Published: February 2025

This study represents a pioneering effort to analyze the impact of avalanches descending into Morskie Oko from Marchwiczny Gully, the most active avalanche path around the lake. It focuses on catastrophic avalanches that descended from the analyzed gully, as reported in the literature from the 1900s until now. However, only the data collected in recent years, our field studies, combined with modern LIDAR data and GIS-based modeling, allowed us to perform a detailed analysis. The GIS-based approach effectively uses spatial data to address snow avalanche modeling challenges. Although the study area lies within Tatra National Park, no official services carry out systematic avalanche monitoring or measurements. The impact of hazardous events, such as snow avalanches, on the most famous Polish mountain lake, Morskie Oko, has been poorly described in the literature and has yet to be discovered. Therefore, to analyze the selected avalanche parameters, we mainly used our ground and additional aerial photographs taken by local mountain services and related field measurements. Our analysis resulted in figurative estimates of the extent and volume of avalanche snow and its weight, both on the surface of the ice sheet and the part of the avalanche that did not reach the lake’s shore and remained on the slope of Marchwiczny Gully. For example, the values for the mighty avalanche on February 3, 2023, are 23,500 m3 and 4,700 tons on the ice surface and 20,000 m3 and 4,000 tons on the slope. It was determined that avalanches that descend onto the studied lake’s surface result in its shallowing. This process occurs because of sedimentation of slope material carried by avalanches, especially during the final phase of ice cover melting. When openings appear in the solid ice cover in spring, floating ice can migrate, driven by wind pressure, and deposit avalanche material in various parts of the lake bottom. Thus, avalanches contributed to the gradual disappearance of the lake.
Microstructural, Oxidation, and Mechanical Behavior of NbTi-Based Refractory Alloys with 5 to 10 Pct Co, Cr, and Ni Additions
Authors: Ochieze U. P. , Sun L. , Simpson N. A. , Josyula S. , Kim T. K. J. , Carter J. L. W. , Steiner M. A. , Payton E. J.
Published: February 2025

NbTi-based refractory alloys with additions of Co, Cr, and Ni represent an interesting medium-entropy alloy system with potential for protective oxide film formation, high strength, and ductility. This study investigates the microstructural evolution, oxidation behavior, and mechanical properties of NbTi-based alloys containing 5 to 10 at. pct Co, Cr, and Ni. CALPHAD predictions suggest that this composition range can be heat treated to obtain a predominantly body-centered cubic matrix phase. Mechanical properties, including microhardness, yield strength, maximum strength, and specific strength are evaluated through isothermal compression tests conducted between room temperature and 800 °C. The oxidation kinetics of these alloys are assessed through discontinuous oxidation tests. Parabolic oxidation kinetics were observed for NbTi–10Ni and NbTi–5Co, while linear oxidation kinetics were found for NbTi–10Cr and NbTi–10(CoCrNi). Microstructures and oxide layers are characterized using X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. All alloys exhibit significant mechanical softening between room temperature and 800 °C, with elastic-perfectly plastic flow observed at 800 °C. The addition of 10 pct Cr to NbTi resulted in two BCC phases up to 1050 °C, conflicting with CALPHAD predictions of a single-phase solid solution at this temperature, and resulting in higher flow stress at 800 °C. NbTi–10(CoCrNi) exhibited the lowest flow stress at 800 °C despite having more ‘cocktail effect’ potential and insufficient molar fractions of Co, Cr, or Ni to form a desirable protective oxide film.
Data-driven insights to reduce uncertainty from disruptive events in passenger railways
Authors: Marques Luís , Moro Sérgio , Ramos Pedro
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the predictive modeling of the impact of disruptive events on passenger railway systems, using real data from the Portuguese main operator, Comboios de Portugal. We develop models using neural networks and decision trees, using key features such as the betweenness centrality indicator, railway track, time of day, and the train service group. Conclusively, these attributes significantly predict the impact on the proposed models. The research reveals the superior performance of neural network models, such as convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks in smaller datasets, while decision tree models, particularly random forest, stand out in larger datasets. The findings of this study unveil new attributes that can be employed as predictors. Additionally, they confirm, within this study’s context, the effectiveness of certain traits previously recognized in the literature for mitigating the uncertainty associated with the uncertainty of the impact of disruptive events in passenger railway systems.
Modelling free residual chlorine decay in a residential district water distribution network using smart water meter data
Authors: Obaid S. , Hosoi K. , Ngoc N. M. , Inoue T. , Yokota K.
Published: February 2025

Chlorine is the most common disinfectant in drinking water worldwide, and the free residual chlorine concentration has been stipulated at least 0.1 mg/L according to Japanese drinking water standard to ensure disinfection efficacy during distribution. In addition, Japan is also applying approximately 0.4 mg/L chlorine at treatment plants to supply tasty drinkable water to residents. Although a concentration lower than 0.4 mg/L can help avoid an unpleasant chlorine taste in the supply water, it raises challenges for maintaining residual chlorine greater than the standard throughout distribution pipelines. The chlorine concentration decreases along distribution pipes because of bulk decay and wall decay. These decays depend on the initial chlorine concentration, temperature, time, pipe material, etc. Therefore, bottle tests with the Arrhenius theory were set up on the water at the distribution inlet in the Chibata district in Kosai city, Japan at various temperatures and times to measure the bulk decay coefficient. A literature review and root square mean error matching field data were conducted to estimate the wall decay coefficient. These decay coefficients were input into EPANET 2.2 to simulate water quality using smart water meters’ hourly consumption data. Therefore, the points where chlorine concentrations were below the standard could be hourly estimated.
Complexity in the EU’s Resolution Mechanism: An Expanding but Unavoidable Phenomenon?
Authors: Fromage Diane
Published: February 2025

The Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), which has been in operation since 2016, is particularly complex. It is headed by a ‘specific’ agency, the Single Resolution Board (SRB), but national authorities as well as national legal frameworks continue to play a decisive role in its operation. The Meroni doctrine also sets limitations on the extent to which (discretionary) powers may be delegated to the SRB. For this reason, very complex mechanisms had to be devised to guarantee that the European Commission and the Council would be sufficiently involved. Also, the SRM only applies to Banking Union Member States (i.e., euro area Member States and states in close cooperation). The co-existence of the Internal Market/EU27 on the one hand and the Banking Union on the other is a further source of complexity, as is the fact that the SRM partially relies on international law (the Single Resolution Fund and perhaps the European Stability Mechanism in the future). In short, the complexities within the SRM are many, and this article sheds light on them by considering complexities of a procedural, institutional and legal nature. It concludes by demonstrating that complexity has increased over time, yet it is probably unavoidable at this stage of European integration. However, efforts could still be made to simplify the applicable legal framework.
Synergistic Single-Atom and Clustered Cobalt Sites on N/S Co-Doped Defect Nano-Carbon for Efficient H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Huang Yuzhong , Zhang Chang , Wang Xingyu , Wu Yuji , Lv Jun , Zhang Jian , Shen Wangqiang , Lu Xing
Published: February 2025

Non-noble-based single atomic catalysts have exhibited significant potential in electrochemical production of H2O2 via two-electron oxygen reduction reactions (2e− ORR). However, constructing highly efficient and acid-resistant catalysts remains a challenge but significant. In this work, fullerene (C60) with abundant pentagonal inherent defects was employed as a carbon substrate to synthesize defect-rich nanocarbon electrocatalysts doped with NSCo single atoms and accompanied by metallic Co nanoparticles (CoSA/CoNP-NSDNC) for the first time. The electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the active sites of CoSA/CoNP-NSDNC are formed through the synergistic interaction between NSCo single atoms and Co nanoparticle clusters embedded within the carbon framework. The obtained CoSA/CoNP-NSDNC catalyst exhibits an onset potential as 0.72 V versus RHE and achieves up to 90% H2O2 selectivity over a wide potential range of 500 mV. Moreover, the as-obtained CoSA/CoNP-NSDNC configured as the cathode in a self-assembled flow cell under acidic conditions achieves a high H2O2 production rate of 4206.96 mmol gcat⁻1 h⁻1 with a Faraday efficiency of ∼ 95% and exhibit ultra fast degradation of organic pollutants. This work focuses on the synergistic effect of non-noble metal nanoparticles, metal single-atom sites, and topological defects on the 2e− ORR process, which provides a new direction for designing carbon-based catalysts for efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Social and Emotional Impacts of Airplane Headache: Insights into Patient Expectations and Management Needs
Authors: Bui Sebastian Bao Dinh , Nan Ana Maria , Blicher Jakob Udby , Gazerani Parisa
Published: February 2025

A headache attributed to airplane travel is a headache that occurs during landing and/or take-off, also called “airplane headache” (AH). The emotional and social impacts on AH remain uncertain today. The purpose of this study was to assess the social and emotional impacts of airplane headache (AH) from the perspective of affected individuals and to explore their treatment expectations and needs. Specifically, the study examined whether stress, anxiety, and fatigue are significant factors influencing AH patients’ decision to seek medical treatment. An online anonymous survey was conducted in Denmark to investigate the emotional and social effects of AH. According to IHS diagnostic criteria for AH, participants self-identified as AH patients and completed a 36-question survey. Through social media and institutional channels over a 62-day period from March to May 2024, the questionnaire was developed using prior research and pilot-tested for clarity. The study included 33 patients with AH who reported increased pain intensity and significant social and emotional effects. Over-the-counter medications were ineffective, and participants expressed a need for more effective treatments that would have minimal side effects. A strong public awareness and reliable information about AH was needed, as it affected daily activities during flight. The development of treatments and preventative measures for AH should involve patients. In order to implement a holistic approach, both the social and emotional aspects must be considered, along with the need for preventive treatments and better awareness programs.
Investigating the factors that define and influence safety culture: perspectives from expert professionals
Authors: Ortega Natalia , Paes Daniel , Feng Zhenan , Sutrisna Monty , Yiu Tak Wing
Published: February 2025

Reducing the number of harmed workers in the construction sector has proven to be a challenging task. While promoting a Safety Culture (SC) is crucial for achieving that goal, defining it and pinpointing the key factors that influence it is difficult. SC has been defined in many different ways, and there is no consensus on what it exactly entails. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors that define and influence SC in the New Zealand construction sector. This goal was achieved through a modified Delphi study conducted in two rounds to gather experts’ views and reach a consensus. Data collection included in-depth interviews and survey questionnaires. A total of 32 experienced construction safety professionals participated in the first round, and 26 of them continued in the second round. Data were analyzed using Thematic Analysis and Relative Importance Index (RII). The main findings are twofold. First, they indicate the need for a holistic definition of SC incorporating its various defining factors. Second, they indicate that the top-ranked influencing factors are ‘Level of Leadership Commitment,’ followed by ‘Level of Experience and Mindset,’ and ‘Level of Communication.’ Furthermore, the results show the dual nature of these influencing factors, as they can either facilitate or hinder SC depending on whether their level is low or high. The results of this study offer valuable insights that enable practitioners to assess and promote SC in their organizations.
Lean manufacturing implementation in food and beverage SMEs in Tanzania: using structural equation modelling (SEM)
Authors: Matindana Juma M. , Shoshiwa Mary J.
Published: February 2025

Currently globally industries are increasingly adopting lean production methods to enhance operational efficiency and overall business performance. Lean tools, which significantly reduce waste, are particularly beneficial for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), including the food and beverage sector. However, research in developing countries like Tanzania has predominantly focused on large-scale industries, neglecting the contributions of SMEs and the impact of lean tools on waste reduction. This study fills that gap by examining the application of lean manufacturing tools and processes in Tanzanian food and beverage SMEs. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Composite Analysis (CCA), data from 113 SMEs were analysed, revealing that lean tools and processes are strong predictors of improved output, with a significant portion of variance explained by the model. Key lean tools such as 5S, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and Just In Time (JIT) were found to be instrumental in waste reduction and suited to the unique needs of SMEs in the food and beverage industries. Communication and training also emerged as crucial lean processes for minimizing waste. The study identified three latent variables; lean tools, lean processes, and lean output, which provided a comprehensive framework for lean manufacturing implementation in SMEs. This research is pioneering in expanding the theoretical understanding of lean manufacturing in emerging economies, highlighting the critical role of lean manufacturing and offering practical insights for improving industrial efficiency, sustainability, and competitiveness in the food and beverage sector.
Guideline for ethics review of clinical trials
Authors:   Medical Ethics Society of China Anti-Cancer Association, Hong Minghuang , Yan Zhao
Published: February 2025

This article is the first ethical review technical guideline in the field of oncology in China, compiled by the Medical Ethics Society of China Anti-Cancer Association and jointly completed by 104 national ethics review experts in accordance with a series of Chinese laws and regulations. The document, taking into account the national conditions of China and from an integrated perspective, for the first time proposes a comprehensive ethical review of clinical research from five dimensions: "benefit-risk assessment, foster innovation, full process risk control, safeguard the right and interests of subjects by law, and Achieve gains in both survival duration and quality of life." The guideline emphasizes that benefit-risk assessment should be the primary task of ethical review in clinical trials, proposes trial designs that balance science and ethics to promote pharmaceutical innovation, and requires proactive tracking review to control risks in the trial process. It advocates for the collective protection of the rights and interests of research participants in accordance with the law and emphasizes that the dual benefits of research participants' survival time and quality of life are the goals and missions of ethical review. The publication of this article aims to provide ethical guidelines and operational technical guidance for the ethical review of clinical research in the field of oncology in China. The guideline, grounded in practicality, clarifies the composition and operational mechanisms of the ethics review committee and particularly emphasizes the full process review that pays close attention to and protects the rights and interests of research participants through informed consent, research protocol review, protection of vulnerable groups, benefit-risk assessment, privacy and security review, and tracking review. The document also provides detailed explanations of the operational procedures and key points for important aspects such as review focus and tracking review.

To ensure that this guideline is in line with the latest research trends and more referential, the article also covers key issues such as the recruitment of research participants, ethical issues in medical device clinical research, and ethical review of investigator-initiated clinical research. Through a comprehensive analysis of these contents, the document provides comprehensive guidance and recommendations for ethical review in oncology clinical research, aiming to promote the ethical and scientific nature of clinical research and to ensure that the rights and interests of research participants are protected to the greatest extent possible.
Corrosive wear behavior of a new medium manganese steel compared to 316L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Li Shilin , Guan Kunpeng , Huang Xingmin , Wang Fengtao , Ji Xiulin
Published: February 2025

Applying metals without passivation ability in corrosive environments presents a significant challenge. Medium manganese steel (MMS), a widely used wear-resistant metal, had been investigated for its tribocorrosion behavior following critical annealing at different temperatures, with potential applications in seawater. Notably, the new MMS alloy, designated as 5MnAl, demonstrates superior corrosive wear resistance compared to 316L stainless steel (SS) in a 3.5% NaCl solution, with an average wear rate reduction ranging from 69.3% to 93.9% and lower friction coefficients under 10–60 N load. Specifically, the corrosive wear rate of 316L SS is more than 16 times higher than that of 750 °C annealed 5MnAl under an applied load of 60 N. Additionally, corrosion-induced wear volume loss (V
cw) typically accounts for more than half of the total volume loss. The corrosive wear rate of 5MnAl can be significantly reduced by applying a cathodic protection potential of -1.2 V. Consequently, due to its outstanding resistance to mechanical wear, metals without passivation ability may offer superior prospects for use in friction components in seawater environments compared to 316L SS.
A maximum likelihood approach for uncertain volumes in the additive reserving model
Authors: Riegel Ulrich
Published: February 2025

The additive reserving model assumes the existence of volume measures such that the corresponding expected loss ratios are identical for all accident years. While classical literature assumes these volumes are known, in practice, accurate volume measures are often unavailable. The issue of uncertain volume measures in the additive model was addressed in a generalization of the loss ratio method published in 2018. The derivation is rather complex and the method is computationally intensive, especially for large loss development triangles. This paper introduces an alternative approach that leverages the well-established EM algorithm, significantly reducing computational requirements.
Extinction studies in focus: Reflections on photography at a time of ecological decline
Authors: Simpson Kate , Oakes Sarah , Stirbyte Aureja , Prosser Katie , Brown Timothy M. , Roberts Jonathan David , Bartlett Amy J.
Published: February 2025

Through compositional inclusion or exclusion, the photograph can assert and communicate what belongs in a picture, in a landscape, in an ecosystem. It can illuminate what we deem conservation-worthy, or, on a larger scale, which extinctions are attention-worthy. Photographic practice helps to illuminate the active nature of extinction, and our choices as actors and witnesses within that process. Here, researchers from the University of Leeds’ Extinction Studies Doctoral Training Programme present individual reflections on interdisciplinary practice-led research in the Scottish Small Isles. We consider how photography, as a form of praxis, can generate new forms of knowledge surrounding extinction: its meanings, representations, and legacies, particularly through visual representation. We offer seven perspectives on contemporary image-making, from disciplines including philosophy, conservation biology, literature, sociology, geology, cultural anthropology, and palaeontology. Researchers gathered experiential, ethical, even biological meanings from considering what to include or exclude in images: from the micro to the macro, the visible to the invisible, the aesthetic to the ecological. We draw conclusions around meaning-making through the process of photography itself, and the tensions encountered through framing and decision-making in a time of mass ecological decline.
DocSpider: a dataset of cross-domain natural language querying for MongoDB
Authors: Özer Arif Görkem , Cekinel Recep Firat , Toroslu Ismail Hakki , Karagoz Pinar
Published: February 2025

Natural language querying allows users to formulate questions in a natural language without requiring specific knowledge of the database query language. Large language models have been very successful in addressing the text-to-SQL problem, which is about translating given questions in textual form into SQL statements. Document-oriented NoSQL databases are gaining popularity in the era of big data due to their ability to handle vast amounts of semi-structured data and provide advanced querying functionalities. However, studies on text-to-NoSQL systems, particularly on systems targeting document databases, are very scarce. In this study, we utilize large language models to create a cross-domain natural language to document database query dataset, DocSpider, leveraging the well-known text-to-SQL challenge dataset Spider. As a document database, we use MongoDB. Furthermore, we conduct experiments to assess the effectiveness of the DocSpider dataset to fine-tune a text-to-NoSQL model against a cross-language transfer learning approach, SQL-to-NoSQL, and zero-shot instruction prompting. The experimental results reveal a significant improvement in the execution accuracy of fine-tuned language models when utilizing the DocSpider dataset.
A PUZZLE IN THE MANUSCRIPT TRADITION OF POLYBIUS
Authors: Wilson Nigel
Published: February 2025

abstract

This note offers the solution to a puzzle in the manuscript tradition of Polybius that has baffled eminent modern authorities.
Population structure of the endangered green turtles in a feeding ground in Brazilian Northeast: insights for conservation strategies
Authors: de Farias Daniel Solon Dias , Zamana Roberta Ramblas , Ventura Aline da Costa Bomfim , Silva Flávio José de Lima , Gavilan Simone Almeida , Santana Vinícius Gabriel da Silva , Peres Puertas Igor , Gattamorta Marco Aurélio , Reiko Matushima Eliana , do Amaral Viviane Souza
Published: February 2025

Understanding the population structure and genetic diversity of green turtles is crucial for effective conservation. This study investigated the occurrence, genetic composition, and potential origins of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil, based on stranding data from 2010 to 2019. Analysis revealed that 87.36% of the population consisted of juveniles, primarily females with a curved carapace length (CCL) between 30 and 59.9 cm. Genetic analysis of the mtDNA control region (481 bp, n = 39) revealed eight haplotypes, with CM-A8 (48.7%) and CM-A5 (30.8%) being the most common. This may be related to the geographic position of the Potiguar Basin, located in the ‘corner’ of the South American continent. High haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity were observed, consistent with other Brazilian foraging grounds. Mixed stock analysis identified Ascension Island as the primary source population, followed by Guinea-Bissau and Surinam. The results highlight the importance of the Potiguar Basin as a foraging area for green turtles and emphasize the need for comprehensive conservation strategies to protect this vulnerable population.
Height and weight trajectories are associated with submaximal and maximal exercise capacity in children with congenital heart defects
Authors: Longmuir Patricia E. , Kung Tyler , Ramanan Neya , Porras Gil Javier , Yusuf Warsame , Bijelic Vid , Belaghi Reza , Lougheed Jane
Published: February 2025

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) are often short/lightweight relative to peers. Limited growth, particularly height, may reflect energy deficits impacting physical activity. Latent class analyses of growth from birth and Bruce treadmill exercise data retrospectively identified for height, weight, and body mass index z-scores growth trajectories. Linear regression models examined exercise parameters by growth trajectory, adjusting for age/sex/CHD severity. A total of 213 children with CHD (39% female, 12.1 ± 2.9 years) achieved 85.8 ± 10.1% of the predicted peak heart rate. Peak heart rate among children whose height was consistently below average (class 1) was 15.2 ± 4.9 beats/min lower than children with other height trajectories. These children also attained a lower percentage of predicted peak heart rate. Children whose weight (p = 0.03) or body mass index (p < 0.001) z-score increased throughout childhood had significantly lower exercise duration (mean difference 1–2 min) than children whose growth trajectories were stable or declined. Children with above-average weight or an increasing body mass index also used a higher percentage of their heart rate reserve at each submaximal exercise stage. A very low height z-score trajectory is associated with decreased exercise capacity that may increase the risk for morbidities associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Future studies should examine potential mechanisms for the observed height deficits, such as an inadequate energy supply that could impact physical activity participation, congestive heart failure, cyanosis, pubertal stage, supplemental feeding history, or familial growth patterns. Prospective studies examining growth in relation to objective measures of daily physical activity are required.
Assessment of the Quality of Manual Chest Compressions and Rescuer Fatigue in Different Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Positions
Authors: Li Beibei , Zhang Pan , Xu Shuang , Liu Qian , Ma Yannan , Zhou Siyi , Xu Li , Sun Peng
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Following the 2020 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines, this study compared participant’s fatigue with the quality of manual chest compressions performed in the head-up CPR (HUP-CPR) and supine CPR (SUP-CPR) positions for two minutes on a manikin.

Methods:

Both HUP-CPR and SUP-CPR were performed in a randomized order determined by a lottery-style draw. Manual chest compressions were then performed continuously on a realistic manikin for two minutes in each position, with a 30-minute break between each condition. Data were collected on heart rate, blood pressure, and Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale scores from the participants before and after the compressions.

Results:

Mean chest compression depth (MCCD), mean chest compression rate (MCCR), accurate chest compression depth ratio (ACCDR), and correct hand position ratio were significantly lower in the HUP group than that in the SUP group. However, there were no significant differences in accurate chest compression rate ratio (ACCRR), correct recoil ratio, or mean arterial pressure (MAP) before and after chest compressions between the two groups. Changes in heart rate and RPE scores were greater in the HUP group.

Conclusion:

High-quality manual chest compressions can still be performed when the CPR manikin is placed in the HUP position. However, the quality of chest compressions in the HUP position was poorer than those in the SUP position, and rescuer fatigue was increased.
Partizipation in der Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie
Authors: Nolkemper Daria , Schroth Jennifer , Doering Bettina K. , v. Weizsäcker Antonia , Zerbe Paul-Simon , Kölch Michael , Bienioschek Stefanie
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Untersuchungen zeigen einen großen Wunsch minderjähriger Patient_innen nach Partizipation. Die Umsetzung im Alltag einer teil- und vollstationären Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie hängt auch von der Haltung der Behandelnden ab. In einer schriftlichen Befragung wurde untersucht, inwieweit die klinischen Mitarbeitenden einer Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie eine partizipative Haltung innehaben und mit welchen Persönlichkeitsfaktoren diese zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle Teilnehmenden ( N = 54) eine hohe partizipative Haltung angeben. Soziodemografische Angaben wie Alter oder Berufsgruppe spielen dabei keine Rolle. Mitarbeitende mit einer hohen Ausprägung auf der Persönlichkeitsskala „Verträglichkeit“ weisen auch hohe Werte auf der Partizipationsskala „Vertrauen“ auf. Weitere Forschung sollte hinderliche und förderliche Faktoren partizipativer Arbeit in einer Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie in den Blick nehmen. Konzepte zur Umsetzung von Partizipation sollten erprobt und etabliert werden.
The Impact of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) on the Mexican Power Grid: Numerical Modeling and Observations From the 10 May 2024, Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Caraballo R. , González‐Esparza J. A. , Pacheco C. R. , Corona‐Romero P. , Arzate‐Flores J. A. , Castellanos‐Velazco C. I.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of the 10 May 2024, geomagnetic storm on the Mexican power grid, utilizing geomagnetically induced currents (GIC), measurements and regional magnetic field data recorded by the Laboratorio Nacional de Clima Espacial. Significant GIC were observed at three different locations within the grid. The observations were complemented with estimates for the Mexican power grid provided by a numerical model developed in late 2022. Our findings suggest that the GIC can pose a potential threat to low‐latitude power grids during extreme geomagnetic disturbances. Furthermore, the model demonstrates its potential to forecast the grid response during these events, providing critical insight into the behavior of the electrical grid during extreme space weather events.
Variability and Controls of pCO2 and Air‐Water CO2 Fluxes in a Temperate River
Authors: Young Fischer L. , Colman Benjamin P. , Carter Alice M. , Fiejó de Lima Rafael , Shangguan Qipei , Payn Robert A. , DeGrandpre Michael D.
Published: February 2025

Measurements of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity (AT), pH, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) can provide insights into the biogeochemical function of rivers, including the processes that control biological production, chemical speciation, and air‐water CO2 fluxes. The complexity created by these combined processes dictates that studies of inorganic carbon be made over broad spatial and temporal scales. Time‐series data like these are relatively rare, however, because sampling and measurements are labor intensive and, for some variables, good measurement quality is difficult to achieve (e.g., pH). In this study, spectrophotometric pH and AT were quantified with high precision and accuracy at biweekly to monthly intervals over a four‐year period (2018–2021) along 216 km of the Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We use these and other time‐series data to provide insights into the processes that control river inorganic carbon, with a focus on pCO2 and air‐water CO2 fluxes. We found that seasonal snowmelt runoff increased pCO2 and that expected increase and decrease of pCO2 due to seasonal heating and cooling were likely offset by an increase and loss of algal biomass, respectively. Overall, the UCFR was a small net source (0.08 ± 0.14 mol m−2 d−1) of CO2 to the atmosphere over the four‐year study period with highly variable annual averages (0.0–0.10 mol m−2 d−1). The seasonally correlated, offsetting mechanisms highlight the challenges in predicting pCO2 and air‐water CO2 fluxes in rivers.
Evaluating the Performance of Sentinel‐1 SAR Derived Snow Depth Retrievals Over the Extratropical Andes Cordillera
Authors: Bulovic N. , Johnson F. , Lievens H. , Shaw T. E. , McPhee J. , Gascoin S. , Demuzere M. , McIntyre N.
Published: February 2025

Monitoring and estimating mountain snowpack mass over regional scales is still a challenge because of the inadequacy of observational networks in capturing spatiotemporal variability, and limitations in remotely sensed retrievals. Recent work using C‐band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter data from the Sentinel‐1 satellite mission has shown good promise for tracking mountain snow depth over specific northern hemisphere ranges, although the broader potential is still unknown. Here, we extend the new Sentinel‐1 based modeling framework beyond the northern hemisphere by only utilizing globally available input data, and evaluate different model parametrization and model performance over the Chilean and Argentine Andes mountains, which contain the largest mountain snowpack in the southern hemisphere. The accuracy of Sentinel‐1 snow depth estimates is evaluated against an extensive in situ network available for the region. Satellite‐retrieved snow depth is found to have poorer performance across the Andes than observed for northern hemisphere mountain ranges because of greater sensitivity to evergreen forest cover and shallower snowpacks. The algorithm does offer some skill but performance is variable and site‐dependent. Algorithm performance is best over regions with limited evergreen forest cover (15%) and snow depths greater than 0.75 m, although the retrievals over‐estimate snow depth across most sites. Systemic errors for specific snow classes and across different snow depths are shown, highlighting specific areas in need of further investigation and development.
Spatiotemporal expression pattern of dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (DYX1C1) during rat cerebral cortex development
Authors: Zensho Kazumasa , Miyazaki Ikuko , Isse Aika , Misawa Ichika , Masai Kaori , Oka Makio , Tsukahara Hirokazu , Asanuma Masato
Published: February 2025

Background

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a common learning disorder with significant consequences for affected individuals. Although several candidate genes, including dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (DYX1C1), have been implicated in dyslexia, their role in brain development remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the spatiotemporal expression patterns of DYX1C1 during cerebral cortex development in rats.

Methods

We investigated DYX1C1 expression during cerebral cortex development using rat embryos at various gestational stages (E13.5, 15.5, 17.5 and 20.5) by immunohistochemistry (n = 7 embryos/stage), quantitative real-time PCR (n = 6), and in situ hybridization (n = 11–15).

Results

The DYX1C1-positive cells were predominantly located in the outermost layers of the cortical plate, particularly at E15.5. DYX1C1 mRNA expression peaked at E15.5 and subsequently declined. DYX1C1-positive cells did not co-localize with reelin-positive Cajal-Retzius cells, but co-localized with neuronal markers expressed during development, and had shorter primary cilia than DYX1C1-negative cells.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the dynamic expression of DYX1C1 in the developing cerebral cortex of rats, implicating its involvement in neurodevelopmental processes. Further investigation of the functional interactions of DYX1C1, particularly its relationship with reelin and its role in cerebrocortical and hippocampal development, may provide insights into the pathophysiology of dyslexia and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Impact

Our study elucidates spatiotemporal expression patterns of endogenous DYX1C1 predominantly in the primitive cortical zone (PCZ), outermost layer of the cortical plate (CP) during cerebral cortex development, particularly peaked at E15.5.

We revealed the spatial relationship between DYX1C1-positive and reelin-expressing Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells, and co-localize with neuronal markers expressed during cerebral cortex development, indicating its contribution to neuronal migration and cortical layer formation.

DYX1C1-positive cells mainly in the PCZ possess shorter primary cilia than DYX1C1-negative cells, suggesting the completion of migration.
STING directly interacts with PAR to promote apoptosis upon acute ionizing radiation-mediated DNA damage
Authors: Sun Yirong , Aliyari Saba R. , Parvatiyar Kislay , Wang Lulan , Zhen Anjie , Sun Wei , Han Xiaobo , Zhang Adele , Kato Ethan , Shi Helen , De Schutter Elena , McBride William H. , French Samuel W. , Cheng Genhong
Published: February 2025

Acute ionizing radiation (IR) causes severe DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest, cell death, and activation of the innate immune system. The role and signaling pathway of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in IR-induced tissue damage and cell death are not well understood. This study revealed that STING is crucial for promoting apoptosis in response to DNA damage caused by acute IR both in vitro and in vivo. STING binds to poly (ADP‒ribose) (PAR) produced by activated poly (ADP‒ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) upon IR. Compared with that in WT cells, apoptosis was suppressed in Sting

gt-/gt-
cells. Excessive PAR production by PARP1 due to DNA damage enhances STING phosphorylation, and inhibiting PARP1 reduces cell apoptosis after IR. In vivo, IR-induced crypt cell death was significantly lower in Sting

gt-/gt-
mice or with low-dose PARP1 inhibitor, PJ34, resulting in substantial resistance to abdominal irradiation. STING deficiency or inhibition of PARP1 function can reduce the expression of the proapoptotic gene PUMA, decrease the localization of Bax on the mitochondrial membrane, and thus reduce cell apoptosis. Our findings highlight crucial roles for STING and PAR in the IR-mediated induction of apoptosis, which may have therapeutic implications for controlling radiation-induced apoptosis or acute radiation symptoms.
Direct synthesis of a semiconductive double-helical phosphorus allotrope in a metal-organic framework
Authors: Sapchenko Sergei A. , Belosludov Rodion V. , Vitoria-Irezabal Inigo J. , da Silva Ivan , Chen Xi , Whitehead George F. S. , Maddock John , Natrajan Louise S. , Kippax-Jones Meredydd , Alwis Jayasinghe Dukula De , Bawn Carlo , Polyukhov Daniil M. , Chen Yinlin , Fedin Vladimir P. , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin
Published: February 2025

There remains much ambiguity regarding the structure of red phosphorus. We report the adsorption and photo-polymerisation of P4 molecules encapsulated in an indium(III)-based metal-organic framework to afford a double-helical chain composite comprising of [P8] units. The similarity between the Raman spectrum of bulk red phosphorus and of the metal-organic framework – (P8)n adduct suggests the presence of such helical chains in the structure of amorphous red phosphorus. This provides crystallographic evidence of the structural building blocks of the red phosphorus allotrope stabilized within the pores of a metal-organic host. The (P8)n inclusion compound is an air-stable semiconductor with a band gap of 2.3 eV, which is relevant for gas detection and photo-catalysis. We demonstrate that this phosphorus adduct demonstrates a 10-fold increase in conversion in the oxidation of methyl orange dye compared with the parent metal-organic framework material.