bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuromyelitis optica: Pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo
Authors: Bradl Monika , Misu Tatsuro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Watanabe Mitsutoshi , Mader Simone , Reindl Markus , Adzemovic Milena , Bauer Jan , Berger Thomas , Fujihara Kazuo , Itoyama Yasuto , Lassmann Hans
Published: August 2009

Objective

Severe inflammation and astrocyte loss with profound demyelination in spinal cord and optic nerves are typical pathological features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A diagnostic hallmark of this disease is the presence of serum autoantibodies against the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP‐4) on astrocytes.

Methods

We induced acute T‐cell–mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats and confronted the animals with an additional application of immunoglobulins from AQP‐4 antibody–positive and –negative NMO patients, multiple sclerosis patients, and control subjects.

Results

The immunoglobulins from AQP‐4 antibody–positive NMO patients are pathogenic. When they reach serum titers in experimental animals comparable with those seen in NMO patients, they augment clinical disease and induce lesions in the central nervous system that are similar in structure and distribution to those seen in NMO patients, consisting of AQP‐4 and astrocyte loss, granulocytic infiltrates, T cells and activated macrophages/microglia cells, and an extensive immunoglobulin and complement deposition on astrocyte processes of the perivascular and superficial glia limitans. AQP‐4 antibody containing NMO immunoglobulin injected into naïve rats, young rats with leaky blood–brain barrier, or after transfer of a nonencephalitogenic T‐cell line did not induce disease or neuropathological alterations in the central nervous system. Absorption of NMO immunoglobulins with AQP‐4–transfected cells, but not with mock‐transfected control cells, reduced the AQP‐4 antibody titers and was associated with a reduction of astrocyte pathology after transfer.

Interpretation

Human anti–AQP‐4 antibodies are not only important in the diagnosis of NMO but also augment disease and induce NMO‐like lesions in animals with T‐cell–mediated brain inflammation. Ann Neurol 2009;66:630–643
Role of endogenous testosterone concentration in pediatric stroke
Authors: Normann Sandra , de Veber Gabrielle , Fobker Manfred , Langer Claus , Kenet Gili , Bernard Timothy J. , Fiedler Barbara , Sträter Ronald , Goldenberg Neil A. , Nowak‐Göttl Ulrike
Published: August 2009

Previous studies have indicated a male predominance in pediatric stroke. To elucidate this gender disparity, total testosterone concentration was measured in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; n = 72), children with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT; n = 52), and 109 healthy controls. Testosterone levels above the 90th percentile for age and gender were documented in 10 children with AIS (13.9%) and 10 with CSVT (19.2%), totaling 16.7% of patients with cerebral thromboembolism overall, as compared with only 2 of 109 controls (1.8%; p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for total cholesterol level, hematocrit, and pubertal status, elevated testosterone was independently associated with increased disease risk (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: overall = 3.98 [1.38–11.45]; AIS = 3.88 [1.13–13.35]; CSVT = 5.50 [1.65–18.32]). Further adjusted analyses revealed that, for each 1nmol/l increase in testosterone in boys, the odds of cerebral thromboembolism were increased 1.3‐fold. Ann Neurol 2009;66:754–758
APOE predicts amyloid‐beta but not tau Alzheimer pathology in cognitively normal aging
Authors: Morris John C. , Roe Catherine M. , Xiong Chengjie , Fagan Anne M. , Goate Alison M. , Holtzman David M. , Mintun Mark A.
Published: August 2009

Objective

To examine interactions of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype with age and with in vivo measures of preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) in cognitively normal aging.

Methods

Two hundred forty‐one cognitively normal individuals, aged 45–88 years, had cerebral amyloid imaging studies with Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PIB). Of the 241 individuals, 168 (70%) also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays of amyloid‐beta42 (Aβ42), tau, and phosphorylated tau (ptau181). All individuals were genotyped for APOE.

Results

The frequency of individuals with elevated mean cortical binding potential (MCBP) for PIB rose in an age‐dependent manner from 0% at ages 45–49 years to 30.3% at 80–88 years. Reduced levels of CSF Aβ42 appeared to begin earlier (18.2% of those aged 45–49 years) and increase with age in higher frequencies (50% at age 80–88 years) than elevations of MCBP. There was a gene dose effect for the APOE4 genotype, with greater MCBP increases and greater reductions in CSF Aβ42 with increased numbers of APOE4 alleles. Individuals with an APOE2 allele had no increase in MCBP with age and had higher CSF Aβ42 levels than individuals without an APOE2 allele. There was no APOE4 or APOE2 effect on CSF tau or ptau181.

Interpretation

Increasing cerebral Aβ deposition with age is the pathobiological phenotype of APOE4. The biomarker sequence that detects Aβ deposition may first be lowered CSF Aβ42, followed by elevated MCBP for PIB. A substantial proportion of cognitively normal individuals have presumptive preclinical AD. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:122–131
Effect of radial angle on mixing time for a double jet mixer
Authors: Manjula P. , Kalaichelvi P. , Shanawaskhan C. , Dheenathayalan K.
Published: August 2009

Mixing is one of the common unit operations employed in chemical industries. It is used for blending of liquids, flocculation, homogenization of mixtures, ensuring proper heat and mass transfer in various operations, prevention of deposition of solid particles, etc. Earlier research aspects were focused on experimental estimation of mixing time and proposing suitable correlations for the prediction of mixing time, the recent one being on flow visualization. However, most of the results reported in the literature deal with liquid flow with multi jets, whereas the effect of radial angle on mixing time was not studied. This study describes the effect of radial angle on mixing time as determined by experiment and simulation. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is done for a jet mixing tank having two jets for a water–water system. Nozzle configuration for jet1 was fixed on the basis of our earlier studies (2/3rd position, flow rate 9l/m, nozzle angle 45° and nozzle diameter 10 mm). Mixing times were estimated for different jet2 configurations (jet angle 30°, 45° and 60°; radial angles 60°, 120°, 180°) located at different tank heights (2/3rd and 1/3rd from the bottom of the tank). The results obtained for mixing time for jet mixing in a tank with two jets are analyzed and the suitable nozzle angle, radial angle and position are proposed for the jet2 of the jet mixer considered in the present study. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The LongHouse proposal for objects classified by mediums
Authors: Larsen Jack Lenor
Published: August 2009

In 1996, with funding from the Henry Luce Foundation, Jack Lenor Larsen and an advisory committee composed of distinguished museum and design professionals developed “Objects Classified by Mediums” in response to the concern that existing systems do not provide the tools for comparing information on objects. A common understanding and definitions of terms are crucial to the success of a classification project meant to cross institutional and national boundaries. “Objects Classified by Mediums” seeks to organize areas of study in fiber, clay, metal, wood, and so on, to allow curators and scholars to compare information on similar methods used, build a conceptual framework for the greater understanding of whole categories of objects rather than as isolated works, and provide a finding tool for cross‐cultural and cross‐disciplinary investigation.
Intertextual semantics: A semantics for information design
Authors: Marcoux Yves , Rizkallah Élias
Published: August 2009

In most discussions about information and knowledge management, natural language is described as too fuzzy, ambiguous, and changing to serve as a basis for the development of large‐scale tools and systems. Instead, artificial formal languages are developed and used to represent, hopefully in an unambiguous and precise way, the information or knowledge to be managed. Intertextual semantics (IS) adopts an almost exactly opposite point of view: Natural language is the foundation on which information management tools and systems should be developed, and the usefulness of artificial formalisms used in the process lies exclusively in our ability to derive natural language from them. In this article, we introduce IS, its origins, and underlying hypotheses and principles, and argue that even if its basic principles seem remote from current trends in design, IS is actually compatible with—and complementary to—those trends, especially semiotic engineering (C.S. de Souza,2005a). We also hint at further possible application areas, such as interface and interaction design, and the design of concrete objects.
New basics for new literacies
Authors: Marcus Susan
Published: August 2009

Over the last few decades, digital technologies have driven deep and profound changes in our relationships with our institutions, communications, and cultures. This process is not only ongoing but also accelerating. For the children who will inevitably grow up in this environment of change, we have done little to update the institution of education. The field of design has a great deal to offer children at this time. The thinking processes and multimodal approaches can, in part, provide the foundation for the skills that children will need for the necessary innovations of the future. The following article makes further recommendations for creativity as the next essential literacy for our children.
Digitized historic costume collections: Inspiring the future while preserving the past
Authors: Sauro Clare
Published: August 2009

Creativity and inspiration are essential elements of the fashion design process. Many historic costume collections were founded specifically to educate and inspire designers and students. While traditional research took a hands‐on approach to using these collections, students and designers increasingly rely on the Internet and other digital resources for inspiration. Consequently, to remain relevant, costume collections need to adapt to this new way of conducting research. Several projects, such as the Digital Dress Project, the Drexel Digital Museum Project, and the recently launched searchable catalog of The Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, have advanced this process.
Information studios: Integrating arts‐based learning into the education of information professionals
Authors: Snyder Jaime , Heckman Robert , Scialdone Michael J.
Published: August 2009

Successful professionals in technical disciplines require abilities beyond technical competence—to interpret complex and ambiguous situations, interact with experts from other specialties and disciplines, and constructively evaluate their own work and the work of others. In this article, we argue that experiences and interactions with the arts should play an important role in the education of a specific group of technical workers—information professionals—and that such interactions provide a useful and necessary complement to the more familiar rational, scientific model that currently informs technical professional education. We discuss the principles inherent in an arts‐based approach to learning and show how the work done by information professionals is similar to the work done by creative and performing artists as well as those in the design professions. Finally, we describe three examples of complementary learning opportunities built on arts‐based practices.
Tracking large solid constructs suspended in a rotating bioreactor: A combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Cummings L.J. , Sawyer N.B.E. , Morgan S.P. , Rose F.R.A.J. , Waters S.L.
Published: August 2009

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the trajectory of a large solid cylindrical disc suspended within a fluid‐filled rotating cylindrical vessel. The experimental set‐up is relevant to tissue‐engineering applications where a disc‐shaped porous scaffold is seeded with cells to be cultured, placed within a bioreactor filled with nutrient‐rich culture medium, which is then rotated in a vertical plane to keep the growing tissue construct suspended in a state of “free fall.” The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions based on the model of Cummings and Waters (2007), who showed that the suspended disc executes a periodic motion. For anticlockwise vessel rotation three regimes were identified: (i) disc remains suspended at a fixed position on the right‐hand side of the bioreactor; (ii) disc executes a periodic oscillatory motion on the right‐hand side of the bioreactor; and (iii) disc orbits the bioreactor. All three regimes are captured experimentally, and good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. For the tissue engineering application, computation of the fluid dynamics allows the nutrient concentration field surrounding a tissue construct (a property that cannot be measured experimentally) to be determined (Cummings and Waters, 2007). The implications for experimental cell‐culture protocols are discussed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1224–1234. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CFD analysis of cooling of electronic equipment as an undergraduate design project
Authors: Aradag Selin , Olgun Utku , Aktürk Fatih , Başıbüyük Burcu
Published: August 2009

The methods and outcome of an undergraduate senior design project related to the analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in an electronic system with computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and design of vortex promoters for cooling the system are summarized in this article. The study emphasizes the necessity to teach CFD to Mechanical Engineering students at undergraduate level. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 103–113, 2012
Managing blame in NHS weight management treatment: Psychologizing weight and ‘obesity’
Authors: Wiggins Sally
Published: August 2009

Weight management services in the UK's National Health Service (NHS) are on the increase, partly due to rising rates of patients classified as ‘obese’. Those attending such services are held accountable, on some level, for their weight, although this issue is rarely addressed in clinical research in this area. By contrast, critical social research on ‘obesity’ considers blame a prominent issue though has yet to examine this in situ, in interactions between patients and health professionals. This paper uses discursive psychology to examine how blame is managed in the turn‐by‐turn interaction in group meetings within NHS weight management treatment. The data corpus comprises of digital audio recordings of 27 discussion‐based group meetings between patients and practitioners in a specialist weight‐management service in central Scotland. The analysis focuses on those moments in which patients appear to resist the notion that they are responsible for their weight gain. Such moments are typically managed by patients in one of two ways: By denying having performed the blameworthy activity, or locating the blame as outside of individual control. Both strategies, however, rely on an individualistic concept of weight that reifies the medical model, while at the same time, troubling that model and its efficacy. The paper concludes with a consideration of the implications of these discursive practices and their relevance within the field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fat child—a sign of ‘bad’ motherhood? An analysis of explanations for children's fatness on a Finnish website
Authors: Kokkonen Riina
Published: August 2009

Children's fatness has become a central concern worldwide, Finland included. In Finland, fatness is mainly discussed from the biomedical viewpoint as a considerable health risk resulting from individual ways of life. In the case of childhood fatness, it is the parents that are mainly held responsible for its prevention and treatment. It has been widely noted that fat people are often blamed for such things as laziness and lack of self‐control. As regards fat children, however, the role and possible blaming of parents has received less scholarly attention. This paper examines the ways children's fatness is explained in an anonymous Finnish Internet discussion, focusing especially on the ways parents are depicted as causing their child's fatness and as possibly blameworthy for this. A discourse analysis revealed that parents were mainly viewed as the primary cause of the child's fatness and were negatively constructed as having ‘lousy’ characters, being unable to create an ‘adequate’ emotional bond with their child, or as otherwise engaging in ‘faulty’ child‐rearing practices. Significantly, the latter two constructions included notions similar to the psychological expert notions of parenthood. All three constructions of parents were also gendered, being either implicitly or explicitly equated with the mother. Children's fatness was also explained, and parents' primary role thus questioned or mitigated, by reference to some other factors, such as genes. These explanations, however, did not seem to hold their ground in the discussion. The occurrence and implications of these explanations is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doing weight: Pro‐ana and recovery identities in cyberspace
Authors: Riley Sarah , Rodham Karen , Gavin Jeff
Published: August 2009

This paper explores the role of online ‘body talk’ (text‐based communication about bodies and bodily experiences) in the management, negotiation and development of eating disorder related identities. Two anorexia related Internet discussion forums (a ‘pro‐ana’ and a ‘recovery’ website) were analyzed through the means of discourse analysis. The analysis focused on the type of body‐talk produced in the different sites and the functions of this talk in relation to eating disorder related identities. Three forms of body talk were identified: descriptions of doing something with the body; descriptions of the body and descriptions of bodily experiences. On both sites these forms of body talk reproduced the thin ideal; demonstrated valid claims of group membership; and, for the pro‐ana group, dynamically (re)produced eating disorder related identities through the reframing of health/appearance concerns as markers of success. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A gesture control system for intuitive 3D interaction with virtual objects
Authors: Manders Corey , Farbiz Farzam , Yin Tang Ka , Miaolong Yuan , Guan Chua Gim
Published: August 2009

We present a system for interacting with 3D objects in a 3D virtual environment. Using the notion that a typical head‐mounted display (HMD) does not cover the user's entire face, we use a fiducial marker placed on the HMD to locate the user's exposed facial skin. Using this information, a skin model is built and combined with the depth information obtained from a stereo camera. The information when used in tandem allows the position of the user's hands to be detected and tracked in real time. Once both hands are located, our system allows the user to manipulate the object with five degrees of freedom (translation inx‐,y‐, andz‐ axis with roll and yaw rotations) in virtual three‐dimensional space using a series of intuitive hand gestures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass Transfer Enhancement in Double‐Pass, Parallel‐Plate Mass Exchangers under Asymmetric Wall Fluxes
Authors: Ho C.‐D. , Lee P.‐C. , Tu J.‐W.
Published: August 2009

A device involving mass exchangers with a permeable membrane inserted to divide the open duct into two subchannels for conducting double‐pass laminar countercurrent operations under asymmetric wall mass fluxes, which results in a substantial improvement of the mass transfer, has been developed and investigated theoretically. The resultant partial differential equations for such a double‐pass forced‐convection mass transfer problem are referred to as conjugated Graetz problems and solved analytically in this work by using an eigenfunction expansion in terms of power series for the homogeneous part and an asymptotic solution for the inhomogeneous part. The theoretical predictions of mass transfer efficiency improvement in double‐pass, parallel‐plate mass exchangers are obtained by suitably adjusting the permeable membrane location. They are represented graphically and compared with the results from an open duct of a single‐pass operation (without a permeable membrane inserted). The increment of power consumption is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn5Sb4In2‐δ — A Ternary Derivative of Thermoelectric Zinc Antimonides.
Authors: Wu Yang , Lidin Sven , Groy Thomas L. , Newman N. , Haussermann Ulrich
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity in Highly Correlated Rh17S15.
Authors: Ramakrishnan S. , Naren H. R. , Thamizhavel A. , Nigam A. K.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures and Properties of the Pnictide Oxides R2PnO2 (R: Ce, Pr; Pn: Sb, Bi).
Authors: Nuss J. , Jansen M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Physical Properties of Double Perovskite Pb2FeReO6.
Authors: Nishimura Kousuke , Azuma Masaki , Hirai Shigeto , Takano Mikio , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Vinylation of Aryl Chlorides and Bromides with Vinyl ZnBr·MgBrCl.
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Yamakawa Tetsu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidative Ligand Coupling of Organoborates Bearing an Alkynyl Group.
Authors: Amaya Toru , Tsukamura Yusuke , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected TiIII/Mn‐Promoted Pinacol Coupling of Ketones.
Authors: Paradas Miguel , Campana Araceli G. , Estevez Rosa E. , Alvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Jimenez Tania , Robles Rafael , Cuerva Juan M. , Oltra J. Enrique
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide by Potassium Phthalimide for Facile Synthesis of TMS‐Protected Cyanohydrins.
Authors: Dekamin Mohammad G. , Karimi Zahra
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Limitations of the Julia—Kocienski Reaction with Fluorinated Sulfonylesters.
Authors: Calata Charlene , Catel Jean‐Marie , Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Nucleophilic Addition: Facile Approach to Prepare 2‐Amino‐1,4‐naphthalenedione and 6‐Amino‐5,8‐quinolinedione Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Chunhui , Wang Shaozhong
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2(3H)‐Furanones and 2(3H)‐Pyrrolones, Combining Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Properties with Reduced Gastrointestinal Toxicity and Lipid Peroxidation.
Authors: Alam M. M. , Husain Asif , Hasan S. M. , Suruchi Suruchi , Anwer T.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Conjugate Phosphinyl‐ and Phosphonyl‐Nitroso Alkenes with Enamines. Preparation of N‐Hydroxypyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: de los Santos Jesus M. , Ignacio Roberto , Aparicio Domitila , Palacios Francisco , Ezpeleta Jose M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Facile Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐b]indole Derivatives via Condensation of Isocyanide and Indoline‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Saeidian Hamdollah , Mirjafary Zohreh , Taheri Salman , Kheirjou Somayyeh
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Heptanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzo[d]imidazoles (III).
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh R. , Shaikh Mohammad U. , Kale Rajesh P. , Gill Charansingh H.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organochalcogen Propargyl Aryl Ethers and Their Application in the Electrophilic Cyclization Reaction: An Efficient Preparation of 3‐Halo‐4‐chalcogen‐2H‐benzopyrans.
Authors: Godoi Benhur , Speranca Adriane , Back Davi F. , Brandao Ricardo , Nogueira Cristina W. , Zeni Gilson
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,3‐Dialkyl‐5‐amino‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐ones with Acetylacetone and Ethyl Acetoacetate.
Authors: Smolyar N. N. , Lomov D. A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Oxazolopyridines.
Authors: Xu Dan , Xu Xianfang , Liu Zongliang , Sun Li‐Ping , You Qidong
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines Based on Arylidene Derivatives of 5‐Acetylbarbituric and Dehydroacetic Acids.
Authors: Rudenko Roman V. , Komykhov Sergey A. , Musatov Vladimir I. , Desenko Sergey M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azacrown‐Oxabridged Macrocycles: A Novel Hybrid Fluorogenic Chemosensor for Transition and Heavy Metal Ions.
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Parasuraman Karuppasamy , Sadhu Kalyan Kumar
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Reaction for the Preparation of α‐Amino Phosphonates from Methyleneaziridines
Authors: Mumford Peter M. , Tarver Gary J. , Shipman Michael
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐μ‐Hydroxy‐bis(N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylenediamine)copper(II) Chloride {[Cu(OH)·TMEDA]2Cl2} Catatalyzed Tandem Phosphorous—Carbon Bond Formation—Oxyfunctionalization: Efficient Synthesis of Phenacyl Tertiary Phosphine‐Boranes.
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Rao Gadde Venkata , Murthy Akula Narayana , Sridhar Balasubramanian
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Phytochemicals. Part 69. New Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida
Authors: Das Biswanath , Ravikanth Bommena , Laxminarayana Keetha , Ramarao Bethapudi , Raju Tuniki Venugopal
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pernambucone (I), a New Tropone Derivative from Croton argyroglossum.
Authors: Randau K. P. , Sproll S. , Lerche H. , Bracher F.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: JBIR‐12 (I), a Novel Antioxidative Agent from Penicillium sp. NBRC 103941.
Authors: Izumikawa Miho , Nagai Aya , Doi Takayuki , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NW‐G01, a Novel Cyclic Hexadepsipeptide Antibiotic, Produced by Streptomyces alboflavus 313. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Physicochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Guo Zhengyan , Shen Ling , Ji Zhiqin , Zhang Jiwen , Huang Luzhi , Wu Wenju
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Nanowires: A Review on Aspects of Their Growth and Their Electrical Properties
Authors: Schmidt Volker , Wittemann Joerg V. , Senz Stephan , Goesele Ulrich
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Reservoir Complexes and Other Redox‐Robust Reagents: Functions and Applications
Authors: Astruc Didier
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphate Ester Hydrolysis: Metal Complexes as Purple Acid Phosphatase and Phosphotriesterase Analogues
Authors: Gahan Lawrence R. , Smith Sarah J. , Neves Ademir , Schenk Gerhard
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Molecules Based on Aminoquinoline Ring and Their Antiplasmodial Evaluation
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Gomez‐Barrio Alicia
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Acid Catalysts in Green Chemistry. Part 2. Some Practical Examples
Authors: Rao Leena
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphenes — Aromatic Giants
Authors: Gutman Ivan , Furtula Boris
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phthalocyanine, Porphyrin, Cyclodextrin, and Polymer Systems Suitable for Studying by Circular Dichroism, Magnetic Circular Dichroism, and/or Electrochemistry
Authors: Kobayashi Nagao , Fukuda Takamitsu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral Drug Discovery: Ten More Compounds, and Ten More Stories. Part B
Authors: De Clercq Erik
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynitromethanes — Unique Reagents in the Synthesis of Nitro‐Substituted Heterocycles
Authors: Averina Elena B. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Antimicrobial Activities of Phytochemicals Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms
Authors: Simoes Manuel , Bennett Richard N. , Rosa Eduardo A. S.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecularly Mediated Processing and Assembly of Nanoparticles: Exploring the Interparticle Interactions and Structures
Authors: Lim Stephanie I. , Zhong Chuan‐Jian
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of GFP tags on the localization of EB1 and EB1 fragments in vivo
Authors: Skube Susan B. , Chaverri José M. , Goodson Holly V.
Published: August 2009

EB1 is a microtubule plus‐end tracking protein that plays a central role in the regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics. GFP‐tagged EB1 constructs are commonly used to study EB1 itself and also as markers of dynamic MT plus ends. To properly interpret these studies, it is important to understand the impact of tags on the behavior of EB1 and other proteins in vivo. To address this problem and improve understanding of EB1 function, we surveyed the localization of expressed EB1 fragments and investigated whether GFP tags alter these localizations. We found that neither N‐terminal nor C‐terminal tags are benign: tagged EB1 and EB1 fragments generally behave differently from their untagged counterparts. N‐terminal tags significantly compromise the ability of expressed EB1 proteins to bind MTs and/or track MT plus ends, although they leave some MT‐binding ability intact. C‐terminally tagged EB1 constructs have localizations similar to the untagged constructs, initially suggesting that they are benign. However, most constructs tagged at either end cause CLIP‐170 to disappear from MT plus ends. This effect is opposite to that of untagged full‐length EB1, which recruits CLIP‐170 to MTs. These observations demonstrate that although EB1‐GFP can be a powerful tool for studying microtubule dynamics, it should be used carefully because it may alter the system that it is being used to study. In addition, some untagged fragments had unexpected localizations. In particular, an EB1 construct lacking the coiled‐coil tracks MT plus ends, though weakly, providing evidence against the idea that EB1 +TIP behavior requires dimerization. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actin‐like protein 1 (ALP1) is a component of dynamic, high molecular weight complexes in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Gordon Jennifer L. , Buguliskis Jeffrey S. , Buske Paul J. , Sibley L. David
Published: August 2009

Apicomplexan parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, rely on actin‐based motility for cell invasion, yet conventional actin does not appear to be required for cell division in these parasites. Apicomplexans also contain a variety of actin‐related proteins (Arps); however, most of these not directly orthologous to Arps in well‐studied systems. We recently identified an apicomplexan‐specific member of this family called Actin‐Like Protein 1, (ALP1), which plays a role in the assembly of vesicular components recruited to the inner membrane complex (IMC) of daughter cells during cell division. In addition to its enrichment at daughter cell membranes, ALP1 is localized throughout the cytoplasm both diffusely distributed and concentrated in clusters that are detected by fluorescence microscopy, suggesting it forms complexes. Using quantitative optical imaging methods, including fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP), we demonstrated that ALP1 is a component of a large complex, and that it readily exchanges between diffusible and complex‐bound forms. Sedimentation and density gradient analyses revealed that ALP1 is found in a freely soluble state as well as high molecular weight complexes. During cell division, ALP1 was dynamically associated with the IMC, suggesting it rapidly cycles between freely diffusible and complex forms during daughter cell assembly. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pilot study of huachansu in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, nonsmall‐cell lung cancer, or pancreatic cancer
Authors: Meng Zhiqiang , Yang Peiying , Shen Yehua , Bei Wenying , Zhang Ying , Ge Yongqian , Newman Robert A. , Cohen Lorenzo , Liu Luming , Thornton Bob , Chang David Z. , Liao Zongxing , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:

Huachansu, a Chinese medicine that comes from dried toad venom from the skin glands of Bufo gargarizans or B. melanostictus, has been used in the treatment of various cancers in China. The authors conducted a pilot study, using a phase 1 trial design, of huachansu in patients with advanced cancer.

METHODS:

Huachansu was administered intravenously for 14 days followed by 7 days off (1 cycle). Without significant adverse events or progressive disease, treatment continued beyond 2 cycles. The dose of huachansu was escalated as follows with 3 patients per cohort: 10 (level 1), 20 (level 2), 40 (level 3), 60 (level 4), and 90 (level 5) mL/m2.

RESULTS:

Fifteen patients (hepatocellular cancer, n = 11; nonsmall cell lung cancer, n = 2; pancreatic cancer, n = 2) were enrolled in the trial, and no dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were found. Eleven patients had no drug‐related toxicity greater than grade 1. Six (40%) had stable disease (median duration, 6.0 months; range, 3.5‐11.1 months). One of these patients (with hepatocellular cancer) had 20% regression (duration, 11 months) (dose level 1). Quality of life improved for patients with stable disease. Plasma bufalin concentration reached maximal levels at the end of the 2‐hour infusion and was proportional to the amount of drug being administered (0.81‐3.38 ng/mL).

CONCLUSIONS:

No DLT was observed with the use of huachansu at doses up to 8× higher than typically used in China. Six patients had prolonged stable disease or minor tumor shrinkage. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The outcomes of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Yau Thomas , Yao Tzy Jyun , Chan Pierre , Epstein Richard John , Ng Kelvin K. , Chok Siu Ho , Cheung Tan Teo , Fan Sheung Tat , Poon Ronnie Tung Ping
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:

The authors evaluated and compared the treatment outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) between young (≤70 years) and elderly (>70 years) patients at their institute over an 18‐year period.

METHODS:

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who received TACE at the authors' center were analyzed retrospectively. The demographic data, TACE‐related morbidities, and survival outcome were compared between these 2 age groups.

RESULTS:

Between 1989 and 2006, 843 patients who were ≤70 years old and 197 patients who were >70 years old received TACE treatment for advanced HCC. There were significantly more comorbid illnesses associated with the elderly patients than the young patients (64 % vs 33%, P < .01). Moreover, elderly patients who received TACE treatment for HCC were at earlier stages of disease (P < .01). Both the overall median survival (14.0 months vs 8.1 months, P < .003) and disease‐specific survival (15.2 months vs 8.7 months, P < .001) were significantly higher in elderly than young patients. The most commonly encountered TACE‐related morbidity in both age groups was liver function derangement. Young patients had a significantly higher rate of developing liver derangement after TACE than elderly patients (21% vs 11%, P < .01). Conversely, the elderly patients had a significantly higher rate of developing peptic ulcer disease with TACE treatment than young patients (2.5% vs 0.5%, P = .01). Overall, there was no significant difference in TACE‐related mortality between the young and elderly patients (3% vs 4%, P = .49).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study has confirmed the comparable efficacy and tolerability in using TACE for the treatment of advanced HCC in young and elderly patient populations. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.