bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo Antibody Painting for Next Generation Weight Loss Drugs
Authors: Kitahara Katsushi , Rondon Aurélie , Miller Edward , Mak Howard H. , Loas Andrei , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: August 2024

Peptide-based therapeutics are currently in great demand but often suffer from rapid clearance and accumulation in off-target tissues which continue to present barriers in their clinical translation. Here, we developed an electrophilic peptide for the attachment of therapeutics to native immunoglobulin (IgG) in vivo, enabling the bioorthogonal covalent linkage, or ‘painting’, of peptide drugs of choice to circulating IgGs directly in live animals. Native IgG painting with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) results in sustained body weight loss and prolonged blood glucose management after one dose. Such technology might revolutionize the next generation of long-acting peptide-based medicines.
Human melanoma cell lines that possess wild-typeBRAFalleles but are dependent onERBB4andERBB2
Authors: Dwivedi Vipasha , Lucas Lauren M. , Cooke Rees , Davis Jeniffer , Wilson Ella , Scott Markelle , O’Daniel Kaitlyn , Dion Chloe , Kerley Jaxon , Zelan Madison , DeFeo Nicholas , Huffman Victoria , Ingrao Madison N. , Riese David J.
Published: August 2024

Metastatic skin cutaneous melanomas that contain wild-typeBRAFalleles typically possess an activating mutation in aRASallele or a loss-of-function mutation in anNF1allele (“BRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanomas”). Nonetheless, these tumors remain a significant clinical challenge; they are resistant to MEK and BRAF inhibitors, their response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is less robust than the response ofBRAFmutant melanomas to these agents, and additional validated targets for therapeutic intervention have yet to be identified.

Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated thatERBB4is required for the proliferation of the IPC-298, MEL-JUSO, MeWo, and SK-MEL-2BRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanoma cell lines. Surprisingly, the synthetic constitutively dimerized and active Q646CERBB4mutant allele appears to strongly inhibits the proliferation ofBRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanoma cell lines. Given that we have also previously demonstrated that ERBB4-ERBB2 and ERBB4-EGFR heterodimers are more potent drivers of proliferation than are ERBB4 homodimers, here we begin to test the hypothesis that ERBB4 heterodimers drive the proliferation ofBRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanoma cell lines.

Here we demonstrate that the kinase-deficient (dominant-negative)ERBB2K753A mutant allele inhibits the clonogenic proliferation of the IPC-298, MEL-JUSO, and MeWoERBB4-dependent,BRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the kinase-deficient (dominant-negative)EGFRK721A mutant allele inhibits the clonogenic proliferation of the MeWo cell line, but not the IPC-298 or MEL-JUSO cell lines. Finally, the clonogenic proliferation of the SK-MEL-2ERBB4-dependent,BRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanoma cell line is unaffected by theERBB2K753A orEGFRK721A dominant-negative mutant alleles. We discuss these findings in the context of our hypothesis that ERBB4 heterodimers drive the proliferation ofBRAF-WT&RAS/NF1-mutant melanoma cell lines.
Residence time structures microbial communities through niche partitioning
Authors: Mueller Emmi A. , Lennon Jay T.
Published: August 2024

Much of life on Earth is at the mercy of currents and flow. Residence time (τ) estimates how long organisms and resources stay within a system based on the ratio of volume (V) to flow rate (Q). Short residence times promote immigration but may prevent the establishment of species that cannot quickly reproduce, or resist being washed out. In contrast, long residence times reduce resource input, selecting for species that can survive on a low supply of energy and nutrients. Theory suggests that these opposing forces shape the abundance, diversity, and function of flowing systems. In this study, we subjected chemostats inoculated with a complex lake microbial community to a residence time gradient spanning seven orders of magnitude. Microbial abundance, richness, and evenness increased with residence time, while functions like productivity and resource consumption decreased along the gradient. Microbial taxa were non- randomly distributed, forming distinct clusters of short-τ and long-τ specialists, reflecting a pattern of niche partitioning. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we demonstrate that residence time shapes assembly processes with direct implications for biodiversity and community function. These insights are crucial for understanding and managing flowing environments, such as animal gut microbiomes, soil litter invertebrate communities, and plankton in freshwater and marine ecosystems.
Selection of streptococcal glucan-binding protein C specific DNA aptamers to inhibit biofilm formation
Authors: Harkai Ákos , Beck Yoon Kee , Tory Anna , Mészáros Tamás
Published: August 2024

Streptococcus mutansis a commensal bacterium in the oral cavity, but its overgrowth leads to biofilm formation and dental caries.S. mutansglucan-binding protein C (GbpC) is a cornerstone of the biofilm scaffold and thus a rational target for biofilm inhibition. Here we present a selection of DNA aptamers for GbpC to aid in the development of biofilm inhibiting drugs.

During SELEX, we used the extracellular domain of GbpC as the target of selection and the structurally homologous antigen I/II protein and a GbpC-deficient strain ofS. mutansas counter-targets. The aptamer candidates obtained were panned using a method based on primer-blocked asymmetric PCR and AlphaScreen. The interaction between the most promising candidates of panning and GbpC was analysed by biolayer interferometry and microscale thermophoresis. Finally, we tested the biofilm inhibitory effect of the aptamers on a wild-type and a GbpC-deficient strain ofS. mutans. The measurements demonstrated both the efficacy and selectivity of the aptamers. Two of the aptamers studied reduced biofilm formation by 30% in the case of wild-type strains and no reduction was detected in the GbpC-deficient strain, confirming the suitability of the selection strategy presented and providing lead molecules for the development of biofilm inhibitors.
Unveiling microglial heterogeneity from single-cell transcriptomics in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Palma Alessandro
Published: August 2024

Microglia are key players in maintaining brain homeostasis and responding to pathological conditions. Their multifaceted roles in health and disease have garnered significant attention in the context of neurodegeneration. In recent years, single-cell transcriptomic techniques have provided unprecedented insights into microglial heterogeneity, revealing distinct subpopulations and gene expression patterns associated with neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of microglia has been dissected by leveraging human single-nuclei RNA sequencing datasets of neurodegenerative conditions, encompassing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, aging, and Parkinson's disease. Results have led to the identification of distinct cell subpopulations, representative of the functional heterogeneity of the brain microglia. Moreover, distinct gene signatures and regulatory networks linked to inflammation and neurodegeneration have been identified. Overall, the study provides an improved portrait of microglia in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, and it holds promise for developing a more targeted research aimed at modulating microglial function to mitigate disease progression and foster neuroprotection.
Exploring the uncharted: Novel potential filariasis vectors unveiled in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nimalrathna Sachini U , Amarasiri Chathuri , Aluthge Kaveesha , Mallawarachchi Chandana , Chandrasena Nilmini , de Silva Nissanka , de Silva Nilanthi , Kimber Michael , Harischandra Hiruni
Published: August 2024

Brugian filariasis (BF) has reemerged in Sri Lanka recently. Studies suggest the emergence of a variant brugian parasite. Knowledge on transmission dynamics is important in restraining the spread of infection. This study investigated the potential vector mosquitoes of this variant brugian parasite around six indexed human BF cases in five BF endemic districts in Sri Lanka. A total of 1711 mosquitoes from 20 species were analyzed. Potential infective mosquitoes were detected by the presence of L3 larval stage of brugian parasites within the head and thorax regions upon dissections and confirmed by amplification of the Brugia species-specific HhaI region. Twelve (12) mosquito species that could potentially serve as vectors for BF transmission in selected endemic areas in the country were identified due to the presence of L3 larvae in the head and thorax regions. This is the first report of Ma. indiana, Ar. subalbatus, Ae. albopictus, Cq. crassipes, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. lopoceraomyia and Cx. vishnui with the potential of serving as vectors for BF transmission in Sri Lanka and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. lopoceraomyia and Cx. vishnui in the world through a field study. Of these, Ma. indiana, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ar. subalbatus together with Ma. uniformis, Ma. annulifera had the highest prevalence and infection rate at certain study sites. The recovery of parasite-positive Ma. indiana, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ar. subalbatus mosquitoes from window traps demonstrate the probable anthropophilic nature of these species, and their high prevalence in the respective areas deems further investigation on their vector potentiality essential.
Inferring plant community phenology via bee-collected pollen
Authors: Wizenberg Sydney B. , Pepinelli Mateus , Do Bao Ngoc , Moubony Mashaba , Tamashekan Darya , Conflitti Ida M. , Zayed Amro
Published: August 2024

Global climate change is producing novel biospheric conditions, presenting a threat to the stability of ecological systems and the health of the organisms that reside within them. Variation in climatic conditions is expected to facilitate phenological reshuffling within plant communities, impacting the plant-pollinator interface, and the release of allergenic pollen into the atmosphere. Impacts on plant, invertebrate, and human health remain unclear largely due to the variable nature of phenological reshuffling and insufficient monitoring of these trends. Large-scale temporal surveillance of plant community flowering has been difficult in the past due to logistical constraints. To address this, we set out to test if metabarcoding of honey bee collected pollen could be used to infer the phenology of plant communities via comparison toin situfield monitoring. We found that honey bees can accurately indicate the onset of anthesis, but not its duration, in the plant species they selectively forage on. Increasing the number of colonies used to monitor, and employing a multi-locus approach for metabarcoding of pollen, substantially increased the species detection power of our approach. Here, we demonstrate that metabarcoding of honey bee collected pollen can substantively streamline the establishment of long-term phenological monitoring programs to document the on-going consequences of global climate change and its impact on the temporal aspects of plant-pollinator relationships.
Light single-gluon hybrid states with various exotic quantum numbers
Authors: Tan Wei-Han , Su Niu , Chen Hua-Xing
Published: August 2024

We apply the QCD sum rule method to study the light single-gluon hybrid states with various (exotic) quantum numbers. We construct 24 single-gluon hybrid currents and use 18 of them to calculate the masses of 44 single-gluon hybrid states with the quark-gluon contents q¯qg (q=u/d) and s¯sg. We concentrate on the hybrid states with the exotic quantum number JPC=1−+, whose masses and widths are calculated to be M|q¯qg;1−1−+⟩=1.67−0.17+0.15  GeV, Γ|q¯qg;1−1−+⟩=530−330+540  MeV, M|q¯qg;0+1−+⟩=1.67−0.17+0.15  GeV, Γ|q¯qg;0+1−+⟩=120−110+160  MeV, M|s¯sg;0+1−+⟩=1.84−0.15+0.14  GeV, and Γ|s¯sg;0+1−+⟩=100−80+110  MeV. Our results support the interpretations of the π1(1600) and η1(1855) as the hybrid states |q¯qg;1−1−+⟩ and |s¯sg;0+1−+⟩, respectively. Considering the uncertainties, our results suggest that the π1(1600) and η1(1855) may also be interpreted as the hybrid states |q¯qg;1−1−+⟩ and |q¯qg;0+1−+⟩, respectively. To differentiate these two assignments and to verify whether they are hybrid states or not, we propose to examine the a1(1260)π decay channel in future experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Primitive quantum gates for an
SU(3)
discrete subgroup:
Σ(36×3)
Authors: Gustafson Erik J. , Ji Yao , Lamm Henry , Murairi Edison M. , Perez Sebastian Osorio , Zhu Shuchen
Published: August 2024

We construct the primitive gate set for the digital quantum simulation of the 108-element Σ(36×3) group. This is the first time a non-Abelian crystal-like subgroup of SU(3) has been constructed for quantum simulation. The gauge link registers and necessary primitives—the inversion gate, the group multiplication gate, the trace gate, and the Σ(36×3) Fourier transform—are presented for both an eight-qubit encoding and a heterogeneous three-qutrit plus two-qubit register. For the latter, a specialized compiler was developed for decomposing arbitrary unitaries onto this architecture.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Magicity versus Superfluidity around
O28
viewed from the Study of
F30
Authors: Kahlbow J. , Aumann T. , Sorlin O. , Kondo Y. , Nakamura T. , Nowacki F. , Revel A. , Achouri N. L. , Al Falou H. , Atar L. , Baba H. , Boretzky K. , Caesar C. , Calvet D. , Chae H. , Chiga N. , Corsi A. , Delaunay F. , Delbart A. , Deshayes Q. , Dombrádi Z. , Douma C. A. , Elekes Z. , Gašparić I. , Gheller J.-M. , Gibelin J. , Gillibert A. , Harakeh M. N. , Hirayama A. , Holl M. , Horvat A. , Horváth Á. , Hwang J. W. , Isobe T. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kawase S. , Kim S. , Kisamori K. , Kobayashi T. , Körper D. , Koyama S. , Kuti I. , Lapoux V. , Lindberg S. , Marqués F. M. , Masuoka S. , Mayer J. , Miki K. , Murakami T. , Najafi M. , Nakano K. , Nakatsuka N. , Nilsson T. , Obertelli A. , Orr N. A. , Otsu H. , Ozaki T. , Panin V. , Paschalis S. , Rossi D. M. , Saito A. T. , Saito T. , Sasano M. , Sato H. , Satou Y. , Scheit H. , Schindler F. , Schrock P. , Shikata M. , Shimada K. , Shimizu Y. , Simon H. , Sohler D. , Stuhl L. , Takeuchi S. , Tanaka M. , Thoennessen M. , Törnqvist H. , Togano Y. , Tomai T. , Tscheuschner J. , Tsubota J. , Uesaka T. , Wang H. , Yang Z. , Yasuda M. , Yoneda K. ,   SAMURAI21-NeuLAND Collaboration
Published: August 2024

The neutron-rich unbound fluorine isotope F2130 has been observed for the first time by measuring its neutron decay at the SAMURAI spectrometer (RIBF, RIKEN) in the quasifree proton knockout reaction of Ne31 nuclei at 235  MeV/nucleon. The mass and thus one-neutron-separation energy of F30 has been determined to be Sn=−472±58(stat)±33(sys)  keV from the measurement of its invariant-mass spectrum. The absence of a sharp drop in Sn(F30) shows that the “magic” N=20 shell gap is not restored close to O28, which is in agreement with our shell-model calculations that predict a near degeneracy between the neutron d and fp orbitals, with the 1p3/2 and 1p1/2 orbitals becoming more bound than the 0f7/2 one. This degeneracy and reordering of orbitals has two potential consequences: O28 behaves like a strongly superfluid nucleus with neutron pairs scattering across shells, and both F29,31 appear to be good two-neutron halo-nucleus candidates.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Hyperspectral full-field quick-EXAFS imaging at the ROCK beamline for monitoring micrometre-sized heterogeneity of functional materials under process conditions
Authors: Briois Valérie , Itié Jean Paul , Polian Alain , King Andrew , Traore Aliou Sadia , Marceau Eric , Ersen Ovidiu , La Fontaine Camille , Barthe Laurent , Beauvois Anthony , Roudenko Olga , Belin Stéphanie
Published: August 2024

Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy has been recently implemented at the hard X-ray ROCK–SOLEIL quick-EXAFS beamline, adding micrometre spatial resolution to the second time resolution characterizing the beamline. Benefiting from a beam size versatility due to the beamline focusing optics, full-field hyperspectral XANES imaging has been successfully used at the Fe K-edge for monitoring the pressure-induced spin transition of a 150 µm × 150 µm Fe(o-phen)2(NCS)2 single crystal and the charge of millimetre-sized LiFePO4 battery electrodes. Hyperspectral imaging over 2000 eV has been reported for the simultaneous monitoring of Fe and Cu speciation changes during activation of a FeCu bimetallic catalyst along a millimetre-sized catalyst bed. Strategies of data acquisition and post-data analysis using Jupyter notebooks and multivariate data analysis are presented, and the gain obtained using full-field hyperspectral quick-EXAFS imaging for studies of functional materials under process conditions in comparison with macroscopic information obtained by non-spatially resolved quick-EXAFS techniques is discussed.
Risk factors related to the mental health issues of selected South African adolescent learners living with mild to moderate intellectual difficulties
Authors: Warnick Johan Erlank , Pillay Jace , Munongi Lucia
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The risk factors related to the mental health issues of adolescents diagnosed with mild to moderate intellectual difficulties (MMID) are not consistently recognised in South Africa. This paper aims to address the scarcity of literature by examining the risk factors linked to the mental health issues of adolescents with MMID.

Design/methodology/approach

Four hundred and fourteen participants were sampled from adolescent learners attending three special educational needs schools in Gauteng, South Africa. The selected sample included 275 male and 139 female participants with a median age of 16.5 years. The three schools represented Grade 8 with 177 learners and Grade 9 with 237 learners. Data were collected through a biographical questionnaire and an Adverse Child Experiences Questionnaire. A quantitative approach was used to identify the risk factors impacting the mental health of adolescents with MMID. The findings were used to propose intervention programmes for the support of adolescents diagnosed with MMID.

Findings

The findings suggest that risk factors for mental health difficulties issues among adolescents with MMID include family dysfunction, along with experiences of physical, sexual and verbal abuse as well as emotional and physical neglect. The recommendations stemming from the findings advocate empowering teachers, parents and caregivers to provide support for the mental health of learners with MMID.

Originality/value

The study makes a valuable contribution to reducing the existing gap in the literature regarding risk factors impacting the mental health of adolescents with MMID in South Africa. The study served as a platform for adolescents diagnosed with MMID to articulate their challenges. This cohort is occasionally marginalised and this research acts as an active contribution to research that focuses on their experiences. Their insights are crucial for enhancing intervention programmes and promoting their overall well-being.
Comparative computer simulation and empirical analysis of MIDAS and artificial neural network-UMIDAS models for short- and long-term US GDP forecasting
Authors: Safi Samir K H. , Sanusi Olajide Idris , Arif Afreen
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate linear mixed data sampling (MIDAS), nonlinear artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a hybrid approach for exploiting high-frequency information to improve low-frequency gross domestic product (GDP) forecasting. Their capabilities are assessed through direct forecasting comparisons.

Design/methodology/approach

This study compares quarterly GDP forecasts from unrestricted MIDAS (UMIDAS), standalone ANN and ANN-enhanced MIDAS models using five monthly predictors. Rigorous empirical analysis of recent US data is supplemented by Monte Carlo simulations to validate findings.

Findings

The empirical results and simulations demonstrate that the hybrid ANN-MIDAS performs best for short-term predictions, whereas UMIDAS is more robust for long-term forecasts. The integration of ANNs into MIDAS provides modeling flexibility and accuracy gains for near-term forecasts.

Research limitations/implications

The model comparisons are limited to five selected monthly indicators. Expanding the variables and alternative data processing techniques may reveal further insights. Longer analysis horizons could identify structural breaks in relationships.

Practical implications

The findings guide researchers and policymakers in leveraging mixed frequencies amidst data complexity. Appropriate modeling choices based on context and forecast horizon can maximize accuracy.

Social implications

Enhanced GDP forecasting supports improved policy and business decisions, benefiting economic performance and societal welfare. More accurate predictions build stakeholder confidence and trust in statistics underlying critical choices.

Originality/value

This direct forecasting comparison offers unique large-scale simulation evidence on harnessing mixed frequencies with leading statistical and machine learning techniques. The results elucidate their complementarity for short-term versus long-term modeling.
Adaptive immune fuzzy quasi-sliding mode control for leader–follower formation of wheeled mobile robots under uncertainties and disturbances with obstacle avoidance
Authors: Goto Willy John Nakamura , Wildgrube Bertol Douglas , Martins Nardênio Almeida
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a robust kinematic controller based on sliding mode theory designed to solve the trajectory tracking problem and also the formation control using the leader–follower strategy for nonholonomic differential-drive wheeled mobile robots with a PD dynamic controller.

Design/methodology/approach

To deal with classical sliding mode control shortcomings, such as the chattering and the requirement of a priori knowledge of the limits of the effects of disturbances, an immune regulation mechanism-inspired approach is proposed to adjust the control effort magnitude adaptively. A simple fuzzy boundary layer method and an adaptation law for the immune portion gain online adjustment are also considered. An obstacle avoidance reactive strategy is proposed for the leader robot, given the importance of the leader in the formation control structure.

Findings

To verify the adaptability of the controller, obstacles are distributed along the reference trajectory, and the simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, which was capable of generating control signals avoiding chattering, compensating for disturbances and avoiding the obstacles.

Originality/value

The proposed design stands out for the ability to adapt in a case involving obstacle avoidance, trajectory tracking and leader–follower formation control by nonholonomic robots under the incidence of uncertainties and disturbances and also considering that the immune-based control provided chattering mitigation by adjusting the magnitude of the control effort, with adaptability improved by a simple integral-type adaptive law derived by Lyapunov stability analysis.
What are the contrasting types of proactivity that manifest at work? A systematic literature review, content analysis, and future directions
Authors: Ahmed Rawia , Al-Riyami Said , Ahmad Nisar , Bibi Aqsa
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study summarizes widely dispersed literature on proactivity at work in its many different forms and highlights contrasts between the various themes in detail.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on systematic literature review of proactivity at work using 1708 peer reviewed articles published between 1969 and 2021 using R and Vos viewer software; a content analysis of the 100 most cited articles in proactivity research; and synthesis and integrative literature review to develop future research directions.

Findings

This study uncovers many interesting facets of knowledge, including proactivity-related themes that have emerged over 50 years of research, time-related publication trends, top journals, top authors, and the most commonly used keywords. The content analysis of the 100 most-cited articles revealed findings such as the role of each proactivity theme impacting academic discussions to date. For example, quantitative research appears to be more prevalent among the most cited articles compared to different types of qualitative research. Finally, future research directions building on our findings are provided.

Originality/value

To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to contrast different types of proactivity at work as opposed to extant literature, which is either driven by the proactivity phenomenon or focuses on similarities rather than on contrasting aspects of the various forms of proactivity at work. Hence, the significance of this research extends beyond theoretical considerations and incorporates valuable practical elements.
Unlocking Generation Y’s continuance intentions in personal cloud storage services: an extended expectation confirmation model analysis
Authors: Vafaei-Zadeh Ali , Nikbin Davoud , Loo Jing , Hanifah Haniruzila
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the continuance intention to use personal cloud storage services among Generation Y.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative online survey was carried out to collect data from 271 respondents. Structural equation modelling with SmartPLS 4.0 software was used to run the analysis and examine the hypothesized relationships in the research model.

Findings

The study revealed that both satisfaction and habit exert a significant influence on continuance intention, whereas self-efficacy does not demonstrate a significant effect. In addition, satisfaction was found to be influenced by confirmation, perceived usefulness and perceived security. Furthermore, confirmation and cloud storage service quality were found to impact perceived usefulness, while confirmation also had an effect on perceived security. However, the hypothesized moderating role of perceived privacy risk in the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived security and satisfaction was not supported.

Originality/value

This study advances the field by adapting an expanded expectation-confirmation model that delineates the nuanced impacts of habit, user satisfaction and self-efficacy on Generation Y’s continuance intention to use personal cloud storage services. It challenges the conventional wisdom regarding self-efficacy’s influence on technology adoption, offering a more intricate portrayal of its role. This research contributes a distinctive theoretical perspective, emphasizing the complex interplay of factors that inform sustained user engagement with cloud technologies.
Data-driven wall modeling for LES involving non-equilibrium boundary layer effects
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sarath , Calafell Joan , Miró Arnau , Font Bernat , Lehmkuhl Oriol
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Wall-modeled large eddy simulation (LES) is a practical tool for solving wall-bounded flows with less computational cost by avoiding the explicit resolution of the near-wall region. However, its use is limited in flows that have high non-equilibrium effects like separation or transition. This study aims to present a novel methodology of using high-fidelity data and machine learning (ML) techniques to capture these non-equilibrium effects.

Design/methodology/approach

A precursor to this methodology has already been tested in Radhakrishnan et al. (2021) for equilibrium flows using LES of channel flow data. In the current methodology, the high-fidelity data chosen for training includes direct numerical simulation of a double diffuser that has strong non-equilibrium flow regions, and LES of a channel flow. The ultimate purpose of the model is to distinguish between equilibrium and non-equilibrium regions, and to provide the appropriate wall shear stress. The ML system used for this study is gradient-boosted regression trees.

Findings

The authors show that the model can be trained to make accurate predictions for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium boundary layers. In example, the authors find that the model is very effective for corner flows and flows that involve relaminarization, while performing rather ineffectively at recirculation regions.

Originality/value

Data from relaminarization regions help the model to better understand such phenomenon and to provide an appropriate boundary condition based on that. This motivates the authors to continue the research in this direction by adding more non-equilibrium phenomena to the training data to capture recirculation as well.
Is return on investment the appropriate tool for healthcare quality improvement governance?
Authors: Thusini S'thembile , Soukup Tayana , Henderson Claire
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In this article, we outline our views on the appropriateness and utility of Return on Investment (ROI) for the evaluation of the value of healthcare quality improvement (QI) programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

Our recent research explored the ROI concept and became the genesis of our viewpoint. We reflect on our findings from an extensive research project on the concept of ROI, involving a multidisciplinary global systematic literature review, a qualitative and Delphi study with mental healthcare leaders from the United Kingdom National Health Service. Research participants included board members, clinical directors and QI leaders. Our findings led to our conclusions and interpretation of ROI against the broad QI governance. We discuss our views against the predominant governance frameworks and wider literature.

Findings

ROI is in-line with top-down control governance frameworks based in politics and economics. However, there is evidence that to be of better utility, a tool for the assessment of the value of QI benefits must include comprehensive benefits that reflect broad monetary and non-monetary benefits. This is in-line with bottom-up and collaborative governance approaches. ROI has several challenges that may limit it as a QI governance tool. This is supported by wider literature on ROI, QI as well as modern governance theories and models. As such, we question whether ROI is the appropriate tool for QI governance. A more pragmatic governance framework that accommodates various healthcare objectives is advised.

Practical implications

This article highlights some of the challenges in adopting ROI as a QI governance tool. We signal a need for the exploration of a suitable QI governance approach. Particularly, are healthcare leaders to be perceived as “agents”, “stewards” or both. The evidence from our research and wider literature indicates that both are crucial. Better QI governance through an appropriate value assessment tool could improve clarity on QI value, and thus investment allocation decision-making. Constructive discussion about the utility and appropriateness of ROI in the evaluation of healthcare QI programmes may help safeguard investment in effective and efficient health systems.

Originality/value

The article raises awareness of QI governance and encourages discussions about the challenges of using ROI as a tool for healthcare QI governance.
Identifying the success factors for TQM implementation among automotive spare parts companies using analytic hierarchy process (AHP): evidence from Palestine
Authors: Zaid Ahmed Adnan , Saleh Yahya , Tomeh Alaa Jawdat
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the success factors (SFs) for total quality management (TQM) implementation in automotive spare parts companies to improve their business performance. It also intends to rank these factors in a hierarchical structure in descending order of their criticality.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a significant number of automotive spare parts companies were extensively surveyed to ascertain the contributions made by various factors toward the successful deployment of TQM practices. The collective and individual evaluation and ranking of the SFs were determined using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach to develop the framework based on the prioritisation of the identified SFs.

Findings

The findings of the study show that five success factors, namely, internal environment, top management involvement, process management, supplier management and external environment, were ranked as critical factors with a total weight of 49.2%. Nine success factors, namely, employee training, teamwork, customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, communications, using new technologies, zero-defect processes, employee empowerment and benchmarking, were ranked as important with a total weight of 39.1%. The last five success factors, namely, strategic planning, quality policy, employee satisfaction, self-assessment and cost of quality, were ranked as minor factors with a total weight of 11.7%.

Originality/value

The current study adds to the existing body of knowledge for scholars and practitioners of TQM by specifically focusing on identifying and categorising the critical SFs for TQM implementation. The 19 categorised critical SFs have been used to construct a framework for TQM implementation in the Palestinian automotive spare parts companies. Such a framework would offer a comprehensive overview of the SFs, their categories, significance and priorities within a TQM environment in the automotive spare parts companies.
Assessing the role of consumer innovativeness and government incentives in enhancing the intention to install solar photovoltaic panels in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Khoa Tien , Le Nga , Nguyen Phuong V.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In response to increasing concerns about climate change and evolving public policies, consumer behaviour and attitudes are shifting towards the adoption of renewable energy solutions like photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. This study aims to address this shift by developing a conceptual framework grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Diffusion of Innovation theory. The framework identifies and analyses the factors influencing Vietnamese consumers’ decisions to install PV panels, focusing on the roles of consumer innovativeness, government incentives and social influence. By examining these dynamics, this study offers insights to inform policy in promoting renewable energy adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 339 Vietnamese households were analysed using SmartPLS 3.0 to test the proposed hypotheses. A structured questionnaire survey focused on consumer innovativeness, government incentives and social influence. The partial least squares structural equation modelling approach was used to evaluate the relationships between constructs.

Findings

The findings indicate that consumer innovativeness significantly predicts knowledge, sustainable lifestyles and attitudes towards solar PV panels. Moreover, household attitudes are influenced by government incentives and knowledge, but not by sustainable lifestyles. Crucially, the intention to install solar PV panels among Vietnamese households is positively affected by facilitating conditions, government incentives and social influence.

Originality/value

The results can assist government officials and policymakers in emerging markets in devising strategies to alleviate environmental burdens and facilitate a shift towards sustainability. Furthermore, by understanding the factors impacting the residents’ intention, public communication can be improved to raise awareness of environmental concerns and sustainable lifestyles, which results in the encouragement of the purchase and installation intention of solar panels.
Institutionalisation of CSR stakeholders: an analysis of the Indian corporate sector in the mandatory regime
Authors: Bhatia Aparna , Dhawan Amandeep
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the deployment of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure incurred by Indian corporate sector, under various development heads as specified by CSR statutes in India.

Design/methodology/approach

The thematic distribution of mandatory CSR expenditure is calculated on a large sample of top 500 Bombay Stock Exchange-listed companies in India over a time span of seven years from 2014 to 2015 till 2020–2021. The money spent on each of the specified stakeholders is extracted from the annual reports of the sampled companies to calculate the average expenditure under each of the development heads.

Findings

The findings indicate that the distribution of CSR expenditure by Indian companies into various development heads is unbalanced. Some of the heads such as “Education”, “Healthcare”, “Development Projects”, “Employment” and “Environment” attract more CSR contributions, whereas some other equally important heads such as “Art & Culture”, “Sports”, “Armed Forces” and “Technology Incubators” have comparatively received much less contributions in all the years of assessment. However, during the times of COVID, Indian companies proactively contributed to combat the virus so much so that “COVID-19 Relief” received all-time high contributions among all the development indicators.

Practical implications

The institutionalised back up has replaced the randomness in stakeholders’ approach followed by Indian companies. To ensure the balanced development of the country, the disproportionate contribution into various development heads in all the years of mandatory CSR era calls for further assessment of CSR guidelines issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MOCA).

Originality/value

This study gives significantly novel insights into the CSR literature by comprehensively analysing the deployment of mandatory CSR funds into various development heads as specified by MOCA in India.
What did school administrators learn from the pandemic? A qualitative research
Authors: Koçak Seval , Sümer Murat
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to determine gains acquired by school administrators in the process of emergency remote teaching based on problems they experienced and strategies they used in the process, as well as skills that increased in importance with this process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was designed as a case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods.

Findings

After the analysis of the data, the themes are as follows: problems experienced, administrative gains provided by the process and administrative skills that increase in importance. In this study, it was found that school administrators used different strategies to solve the problems encountered in the emergency remote teaching process, and these strategies provided them with different perspectives.

Originality/value

This crisis can be turned into an opportunity and that it is necessary to suggest new ways by drawing lessons from this crisis.
Tribological performance of di-n-octyl sebacate synthesized with carboxylated nano-MoS2/sericite as catalyst
Authors: Gong Junjie , Li Zhixiang , Lin Qingqing , Hu Kunhong
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the synthesis and tribological performances of di-n-octyl sebacate (DOS) synthesized with spherical nano-MoS2/sericite (SMS) and carboxylated SMS (CSMS) as catalysts.

Design/methodology/approach

SMS and CSMS were used as esterification catalysts to synthesize DOS from sebacic acid and n-octanol. The two catalysts were in situ dispersed in the synthesized DOS after the reaction to form suspensions. The tribological performances of the two suspensions after 20 days of storage were studied.

Findings

CSMS was more stably dispersed in DOS than SMS, and they reduced friction by 55.6% and 22.2% and wear by 51.3% and 56.5%, respectively. Such results were mainly caused by the COOH on CSMS, which was more conducive to improving the dispersion and friction reduction of CSMS than wear resistance. Another possible reason was the difference between the dispersion amounts of CSMS and SMS in DOS. The sericite of SMS was converted into SiO2 to enhance wear resistance, while that of CSMS only partially generated SiO2, and the rest still remained on the surface to reduce friction.

Originality/value

This work provides a more effective SMS catalytical way for DOS synthesis than the traditional inorganic acid catalytical method. SMS does not need to be separated after reaction and can be dispersed directly in DOS as a lubricant additive. Replacing SMS with CSMS can produce a more stable suspension and reduce friction significantly. This work combined the advantages of surface carboxylation modification and in situ catalytic dispersion and provided alternatives for the synthesis of DOS and the dispersion of MoS2-based lubricant additives.
The possibility of establishing an endowment (Waqf) from the Islamic financial institutions’ provisioned funds in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bessais Sofien , Zakariyah Habeebullah , Mohd Noor Azman
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) can gather provisioned funds from various sources, but they are prohibited from incorporating these funds into their profits or using them for personal gain as they are considered illegitimate income. Instead, IFIs are required to allocate these funds to charitable purposes. This study aims to examine the potential establishment of a Waqf (an Islamic alternative for endowment) using the provisioned funds of IFIs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by analyzing its Shariah perspective, utility and viability.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses an information-gathering approach, gathering data from books, articles, journals and websites to illuminate the Shariah perspective of endowing provisioned funds. Additionally, it draws upon interviews with experts in Waqf and Islamic banking and finance to grasp the potential and viability of establishing a Waqf from provisioned funds in the UAE.

Findings

Establishing a Waqf using provisioned funds is permissible. Although Waqf is always advantageous, in the current situation, endowing Islamic financial institutions' provisioned funds will not adequately address societal needs in the UAE. This is because the majority of annual returns on UAE Waqf investments are low compared to the amount invested, and there is an urgency to disburse these funds to those in need. If these needs are identified and met using Zakat and other charitable funds, a Waqf can be created from provisioned funds and prove beneficial. However, the authors have suggested some proposals to establish a relevant Waqf from provisioned funds that satisfy the required conditions and address the societal needs of the UAE. They concluded that creating a Waqf school would be the best suggestion.

Research limitations/implications

The scope of this study is limited to examining the use of IFIs' provisioned funds to establish a Waqf in the UAE. Furthermore, the findings and conclusions of this study may be applicable only to the UAE and may not be universally applicable to other countries.

Practical implications

Proposed initiatives to create a “Cash Waqf” fund and a “Waqf School” using provisioned funds are anticipated to bring about immediate positive changes for the underprivileged and the wider UAE community. Furthermore, the sustainable establishment of any Waqf could greatly benefit society by addressing all societal needs through Zakat and charitable contributions.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the potential and practicality of creating a Waqf using provisioned funds from IFIs in the UAE.
Impact of exchange rate volatility on export of small economies
Authors: Rojid Tasneem , Rojid Sawkut
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the extent to which exchange rate volatility (ERV) is crucial for small island economies. These economies by their very nature and size tend to be net importers and highly dependent on trade for their economic survival. The island of Mauritius is used as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach

A GARCH model has been utilized using yearly data for the period 1993–2022. The ARDL bounds cointegration approach has been used to determine the long run relationship between exchange rate volatility and the performance of exports. The ECM-ARDL model has been used to estimate the short-run relationships, that is the speed of adjustments between the variables under consideration.

Findings

The findings reveal that exchange rate volatility has a positive and significant effect on exports in the short run as well as in the long run. The study also finds out that export has a long-term relationship with world GDP per capita. Both the presence and degree of exchange rate volatility are important aspects for consideration in policy making.

Originality/value

The literature gap that this study attempts to close is one related to global impacts within the recent time horizon. Recently, numerous important events shaped the financial and economic landscape globally, including but not limited to the financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. Both these events stressed the global volume of trade and the exchange rate markets, and these events affects small islands comparatively more given their heavy dependence on international trade for economic development, albeit economic survival.
The aspects of behavioral finance with new insights: an analysis of individual investors at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)
Authors: Munir Sara , Chishti Mazhar Farid , Bashir Rizwana
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The cognitive biases exhibited by investors could hinder their capacity for logical reasoning and impact their perception and reaction to information when making financial choices. So, this study was done to identify the behavioral biases that hinder investors' sound decision-making at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was undertaken employing a causal research design approach. Questionnaires were administered to individual investors of the PSX as the data collection methodology. The data were subsequently analyzed through the utilization of the Smart PLS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique.

Findings

The results suggest that information factors and cognitive biases, namely home bias, geographical bias, investor sentiment, salience, and over/under reaction have a positive association with the investors' choices at PSX.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s emphasis is on the impact of behavioral biases on individual investors only, even though such biases also influence the investment decisions of institutional investors.

Practical implications

The study holds implications for scholars engaged in the field of behavioral finance as well as professionals involved in the stock market, particularly those interacting with individual investors and personal finance. Additionally, the current study will take into account investors, financial advisors, practitioners, policymakers, investment experts, stakeholders or target groups, etc. to support various groups in their professional activity and to help them overcome such biases that influence their sound decision-making power.

Originality/value

The innovative aspect of this research is its ability to advance the understanding of the conceptual underpinnings and social structure of behavioral biases by critically analyzing the body of prior research and adding value to the existing body of literature on behavioral finance in Pakistan by investigating the combined impact of never-studied variables, i.e. geographical bias and information variables, understudied behavioral variables, i.e. home bias and salience and studied variables, i.e. investor sentiment and over/under reaction on individual investor investment decisions at PSX.