bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing NGS-Based identification of bloodstream infections to traditional culture methods for enhanced ICU care: a comprehensive study
Authors: Wang Wei , Chauhan Varun , Luo Yutian , Sharma Sonu , Li Chenxi , Chen Huaisheng
Published: September 2024

Background

Accurate identification of infectious diseases using molecular techniques, such as PCR and NGS, is well-established. This study aims to assess the utility of Bactfast and Fungifast in diagnosing bloodstream infections in ICU settings, comparing them against traditional culture methods. The objectives include evaluating sensitivity and specificity and identifying a wide range of pathogens, including non-culturable species.

Methods

We collected 500 non-duplicate blood samples from ICU patients between January 2023 and December 2023. Specimens underwent traditional culture, MALDI-TOF, VITEK®2 compact system, and NGS-based Bactfast and Fungifast analyses.

Results

Out of the 500 samples, 26.8% (n=134) showed bacterial growth via traditional culture methods, while 4.8% (n=24) were positive for fungal growth. MALDI-TOF and VITEK®2 compact system yielded comparable results, identifying 26.4% (n=132) of specimens with bacterial growth. NGS-based Bactfast detected bacterial presence in 38.2% (n=191) of samples, including non-culturable bacteria missed by traditional methods. However, NGS-based Fungifast showed concordant fungal detection rates with culture methods. Among identified pathogens by culture method included Klebsiella pneumoniae 20.89% (n=28), Enterococcus faecalis 18.65% (n=25), Escherichia coli 15.67% (n=21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12.68% (n=17), Acinetobacter baumannii 10.44% (n=14), various Streptococcus species 7.46% (n=10), Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6.71% (n=9), Mycobacterium abscessus 4.47% (n=6), and Salmonella spp 2.98% (n=4). Non-culture-based NGS identified additional (n=33) pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae 27.27% (n=9), Bacteroides fragilis 21.21% (n=7), Aerococcus viridans 15.15% (n=5), Elizabethkingia anopheles 12.12% (n=4), Aeromonas salmonicida 9% (n=3), Clostridium 9% (n=3), and Bacteroides vulgatus 6% (n=2). Candida albicans was reported in 5% (n=24) of samples by both methods.

Conclusion

NGS-based Bactfast and Fungifast demonstrate high sensitivity in identifying a wide array of bacterial and fungal pathogens in ICU patients, outperforming traditional culture methods in detecting non-culturable organisms. These molecular assays offer rapid and comprehensive diagnostic capabilities, potentially improving clinical outcomes through timely and accurate pathogen identification.
The triglyceride–glucose index is associated with no-reflow phenomenon in STEMI patients with type 2 diabetes after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ma Juan , Wu Peng , Ma Shengzong , Ma Xueping , Jin Ping , Jia Shaobin
Published: September 2024

Background

The relationship between the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline TyG index and no-reflow phenomenon in STEMI patients with T2DM after PCI.

Methods

This study enrolled 695 patients with T2DM and STEMI from the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (2014–2019). Patients were divided into tertiles according to the TyG index levels. The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon was recorded. A multivariate regression model was developed to analyze the association between the baseline TyG index and no-reflow phenomenon. The linear association between the baseline TyG index and no-reflow phenomenon was explored using smooth curve fitting with parallel subgroup analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the predictive power of the TyG index.

Results

A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the TyG index was an independent risk factor of no-reflow phenomenon [OR = 3.23, 95%CI: 2.15–4.86, P < 0.001], and the occurrence of no-reflow phenomenon increased gradually with the increase of TyG index tertile interval (P < 0.001). Smooth curve fitting showed that the TyG index was linearly related to the risk of no-reflow. Subgroup analysis showed that they participated in this positive correlation. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the TyG index for evaluating the occurrence of no-reflow was 0.710 (95% CI: 0.640–0.780; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The TyG index is independently associated with no-reflow phenomenon, suggesting that the simple index of the TyG index can be used for risk assessment of no-reflow phenomenon after PCI in STEMI patients with T2DM.
Stellate ganglion, inflammation, and arrhythmias: a new perspective on neuroimmune regulation
Authors: Lei Qiulian , Jiang Zefei , Shao Yu , Liu Xinghong , Li Xiaoping
Published: September 2024

Current research on the stellate ganglion (SG) has shifted from merely understanding its role as a collection of neurons to recognizing its importance in immune regulation. As part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the SG plays a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular function, particularly cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. Abnormal SG function can lead to disordered cardiac electrical activity, which in turn affects heart rhythm stability. Studies have shown that excessive activity of the SG is closely related to the occurrence of arrhythmias, especially in the context of inflammation. Abnormal activity of the SG may trigger excessive excitation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through neuroimmune mechanisms, thereby increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Simultaneously, the inflammatory response of the SG further aggravates this process, forming a vicious cycle. However, the causal relationship between SG, inflammation, and arrhythmias has not yet been fully clarified. Therefore, this article deeply explores the key role of the SG in arrhythmias and its complex relationship with inflammation, providing relevant clinical evidence. It indicates that interventions targeting SG function and inflammatory responses have potential in preventing and treating inflammation-related arrhythmias, offering a new perspective for cardiovascular disease treatment strategies.
Indigenous cultural heritage policies as a pathway for Indigenous sovereignty and the role of local governments: an example with K'ómoks First Nation, British Columbia
Authors: Kelly Mary , Morin Jesse , Tarle Lia , Newman Candace , Bevilacqua Raini , Barnett Sheriden , Markey Sean , Lepofsky Dana
Published: September 2024

Indigenous cultural heritage (ICH) is threatened worldwide, driven by factors like development, private property rights, and colonial planning. Indigenous communities are increasingly navigating the inadequacies of ICH protection by exerting their rights through laws, protocols, and policies. These initiatives assert sovereignty and relational responsibility to ancestral cultural heritage outside of the mandated colonial systems of management. This study centers on the Comox Valley in British Columbia, where the ICH of K'ómoks First Nation is under increasing threat of erasure due to private and commercial development. In response, the K'omoks First Nation has developed their own Cultural Heritage Policy (CHP), and accompanying archaeological permits to protect their cultural heritage where provincial archaeological legislation fails to. In the context of the K'omoks First Nation, we explore three interconnected questions associated with the assertion of Indigenous Peoples' rights and responsibilities around protecting their ICH: how do Indigenous communities exert self-determination over their ICH, how does ICH interact with local planning processes, and how can local (settler) governments strengthen ICH protection at the local level? Our findings reveal that local level implementation of Indigenous cultural heritage policies help to ensure that ICH protection strategies are effective and meet the needs of Indigenous Indigenous communities. Challenges remain, however, regarding jurisdictional barriers to formal policy adoption within the colonial regulatory regime, capacity limitations, and the need for public education and communications regarding Indigenous-led heritage policies.
Virtual simulation of mass casualty drills: using breakout rooms to simulate physical locations
Authors: Padaki Amit S. , Rudner Joshua R. , Phillips Lara L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The spread of COVID-19 has posed a significant challenge to educators in the disaster medicine community. While lectures can often be given remotely with little revision, simulations and other workshops can prove more challenging to adapt. Here, we describe our framework for conducting multi-site mass casualty simulations via video conference.

Methods

The authors of this paper adapted a mass casualty scenario from an in-person format to a virtual format delivered via the video conference software Zoom. Key physical locations of the simulated incident were mapped onto separate video conference breakout rooms. With this geographic framework established, rules were created to govern movement, communication, treatment, and transportation.

Results

Three separate virtual MCI drills were conducted. Both students and instructors were able to grasp the new format quickly. Students reported the drills to be informative and engaging, and instructors felt the drills mimicked the real-world experience well. This format had the added benefit of allowing multiple rounds of simulation to occur in rapid succession.

Discussion

Using breakout rooms to simulate physical locations can be a simple and intuitive framework for adapting disaster scenarios for remote delivery. We believe other instructors can utilize this framework to increase the availability of their educational content.
Association between serum Klotho levels and estimated pulse wave velocity in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007–2016
Authors: Wang Baiqiang , Xu Wenqu , Mei Zeyuan , Yang Wei , Meng Xiao , An Guipeng
Published: September 2024

Background

Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness, which can be assessed using estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum klotho levels and ePWV in postmenopausal women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from postmenopausal women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2016. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence of hypertension. Weighted multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum Klotho levels and ePWV in each group. Restricted cubic spline models with multivariable adjustments were employed to examine nonlinear associations within each group.

Results

Our analysis included 4,468 postmenopausal women from the NHANES database, with 1,671 in the non-hypertensive group and 2,797 in the hypertensive group. In all regression models, serum Klotho (ln-transformed) levels were significantly and independently negatively correlated with ePWV in the non-hypertensive group. After fully adjusting for confounders, a 1-unit increase in ln(Klotho) was associated with a 0.13 m/s decrease in ePWV (β = −0.13, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.03; p = 0.008). Additionally, in the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of ln(Klotho) had an ePWV value 0.14 m/s lower than those in the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.017; 95% CI −0.23 to −0.05; p = 0.002). This negative correlation was consistent across subgroups and was particularly significant among women aged < 60 years, nonsmokers, and non-Hispanic Black women. However, no association was observed between serum Klotho levels and ePWV in the hypertensive group.

Conclusion

Hypertension may affect the relationship between serum Klotho level and ePWV in postmenopausal women. Increased serum Klotho levels may reduce arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Synergistic relationship between green finance and industrial structure upgrade in the yangtze river economic belt
Authors: Yuan Minglan , Shi Zetai , Tang Decai , Zhu Jie , Li Jiannan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is experiencing rapid economic development, while ecological and environmental problems are prominent. The development of green finance can help optimize the upgrade of regional industrial structure and promote the improvement of the ecological environment.

Methods

This study constructs an evaluation system for the development level of the YREB based on the panel data of 11 provinces (cities) in the YREB from 2010 to 2020. The entropy method is used to evaluate and analyze the current status of the ecosystem in the YREB, and a panel data model is used to conduct an in-depth investigation to explore the impact of green finance (GF) on the industrial structure upgrade (INS) of the YREB.

Results

The results of the study show that from 2010 to 2020, the level of GF development in the YREB has increased, and the INS has further developed. In addition, the growth of GF injects a strong impetus to the improvement of INS in YREB, but there are regional differences, which are more obvious in the eastern region and not significant in other regions.

Discussion

Finally, based on the research conclusions, relevant strategies and suggestions are proposed to assist the development of GF and INS in the YREB.
Case report: Early (molecular) diagnosis is the clue: report on ALDH7A1 deficiency in newborns
Authors: Lipiński Patryk , Wójcicka-Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Bogdańska Anna , Ehmke Ewa , Pajdowska Magdalena , Skrzypek Katarzyna , Charzewska Agnieszka , Hoffman-Zacharska Dorota
Published: September 2024

The first-tier genetic testing for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) is now increasingly used in routine clinical practice. Antiquitin deficiency, also referred to as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1), represents an inherited metabolic disorder with the phenotype of an early infantile DEE. In addition to the fact that biochemical biomarkers of PDE-ALDH7A1, including α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, pipecolic acid (PA), Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, and 6-oxopipecolate (6-oxo-PIP), are well-characterized, and their analysis and usefulness have some limitations. Here, we describe the case of a newborn presenting with seizures from the first hours of life, who was resistant to standard antiepileptic drugs and was found to be a biallelic compound heterozygote of two clearly pathogenic variants in the ALDH7A1 gene based on targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). The diagnostic process of PDE-ALDH7A1 was limited by the possibility to determine only urinary PA and 6-oxo-PIP (urinary organic acid profile using the GC–MS method), and the exogenous peak of levetiracetam, due to the fact that it has a similar retention time as 6-oxo-PIP, masked the detection of 6-oxo-PIP.
The Reg protein family: potential new targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer
Authors: Yao Anqi , Huang Cuilan , Wang Xuyang , Zhou Renmin , Hao Wujuan , Lin Qiong
Published: September 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and an elevated risk of colorectal cancer due to persistent inflammation. The Regenerating gene (Reg) family proteins exhibit properties that promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, reduce inflammation, combat microbial infections, and potentially modulate the immune system. There is increasing evidence of the potential function of the Reg family of proteins in the development of IBD and colorectal cancer, but the exact mechanism of action of the Reg family of proteins has not yet been fully clarified. In this paper, we reviewed the Reg protein family’s involvement in the development of IBD by regulating intestinal microbes and immunity to maintain intestinal homeostasis. We also explored its possible regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways in the progression and treatment of colorectal cancer, which is expected to serve as a target and a new biomarker for the treatment of IBD and colorectal cancer in the future.
Advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in developing feline herpesvirus 1 as a vaccine vector
Authors: Luo Xinru , Liang Ruiying , Liang Lin , Tang Aoxing , Hou Shaohua , Ding Jiabo , Li Zibin , Tang Xinming
Published: September 2024

As the most prevalent companion animal, cats are threatened by numerous infectious diseases and carry zoonotic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and Bartonella henselae, which are the primary causes of human toxoplasmosis and cat-scratch disease. Vaccines play a crucial role in preventing and controlling the spread of diseases in both humans and animals. Currently, there are only three core vaccines available to prevent feline panleukopenia, feline herpesvirus, and feline calicivirus infections, with few vaccines available for other significant feline infectious and zoonotic diseases. Feline herpesvirus, a major component of the core vaccine, offers several advantages and a stable genetic manipulation platform, making it an ideal model for vaccine vector development to prevent and control feline infectious diseases. This paper reviews the technologies involved in the research and development of the feline herpesvirus vaccine vector, including homologous recombination, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacterial artificial chromosomes. It also examines the design and effectiveness of expressing antigens of other pathogens using the feline herpesvirus as a vaccine vector. Additionally, the paper analyzes existing technical bottlenecks and challenges, providing an outlook on its application prospects. The aim of this review is to provide a scientific basis for the research and development of feline herpesvirus as a vaccine vector and to offer new ideas for the prevention and control of significant feline infectious and zoonotic diseases.
Pregnancy-related factors induce immune tolerance through regulation of sCD83 release
Authors: Krupa Pauline , Wein Hannah , Zemmrich Lea Sophie , Zygmunt Marek , Muzzio Damián Oscar
Published: September 2024

A well-balanced maternal immune system is crucial to maintain fetal tolerance in case of infections during pregnancy. Immune adaptations include an increased secretion of soluble mediators to protect the semi-allogeneic fetus from excessive pro-inflammatory response. B lymphocytes acquire a higher capacity to express CD83 and secrete soluble CD83 (sCD83) upon exposure to bacteria-derived components such as LPS. CD83 possesses immune modulatory functions and shows a promising therapeutic potential against inflammatory conditions. The administration of sCD83 to pregnant mice reduces LPS-induced abortion rates. The increased CD83 expression by endometrial B cells as compared to peripheral blood B cells suggests its modulatory role in the fetal tolerance, especially in the context of infection. We postulate that in pregnancy, CD83 expression and release is controlled by pregnancy-related hormones. The intra- and extracellular expression of CD83 in leukocytes from peripheral blood or decidua basalis and parietalis at term were analyzed by flow cytometry. After treatment with pregnancy-related hormones and LPS, ELISA and qPCR were performed to study sCD83 release and CD83 gene expression, respectively. Cleavage prediction analysis was used to find potential proteases targeting CD83. Expression of selected proteases was analyzed by ELISA. Higher levels of CD83 were found in CD11c+ dendritic cells, CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells from decidua basalis and decidua parietalis after LPS-stimulation in vitro. An increase of intracellular expression of CD83 was also detected in CD19+ B cells from both compartments. Stimulated B cells displayed significantly higher percentages of CD83+ cells than dendritic cells and T cells from decidua basalis and peripheral blood. Treatment of B lymphocytes with pregnancy-related molecules (E2, P4, TGF-β1 and hCG) enhanced the LPS-mediated increase of CD83 expression, while dexamethasone led to a reduction. Similarly, the release of sCD83 was increased under TGF-β1 treatment but decreased upon dexamethasone stimulation. Finally, we found that the hormonal regulation of CD83 expression is likely a result from a balance between gene transcription from CD83 and the modulation of the metalloproteinase MMP-7. Thus, data supports and complements our previous murine studies on hormonal regulation of CD83 expression, reinforcing its immunomodulatory relevance in anti-bacterial responses during pregnancy.
A study on the governance pathways of the Law of the Sea in response to climate change
Authors: Zeng Wanping , Wang Guihua
Published: September 2024

The legal systems for ocean governance and climate change governance are based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, respectively. However, due to differences in their negotiation backgrounds, legal scope, goals, and tasks, there is a lack of interaction between the two at the legal system level. The ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate system, yet its value is often underestimated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in addressing climate change. Specifically, we will examine the Convention’s ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and identify areas where it falls short, such as inadequate regulation of sea level rise, ocean acidification, and ocean fertilization. Based on this, proposals for governance paths from the perspective of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea include developing the Agreement relating to the climate change and ocean governance and reinterpreting the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in accordance with the Paris Agreement. The content should be adapted more flexibly to current climate change challenges, and provisions related to sea level rise and maritime boundaries should be reinterpreted to fill legal gaps. In addition, it is important to establish coordinated regulatory rules and framework agreements to address the issues of ocean fertilization and ocean acidification. Finally, to remedy the shortcomings in proving causation, scientific theories and due diligence obligations should be attributed. Through these measures, effective ocean law governance paths that address climate change can be explored.
Antifungal activity of indolicidin-derived peptide In-58 against Sporothrix globosa in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Sushan , Tang Zhanhan , Liu Zhe , Lv Sha , Yao Chunli , Wang Shuang , Li Fuqiu
Published: September 2024

In-58, a peptide derived from indolicidin, shows extraordinary antibacterial activity and lower toxicity than indolicidin toward mammalian cells. Here, we investigated the antifungal activity of In-58 against the human pathogen Sporothrix globosa in vitro and in vivo. In-58 markedly inhibited the growth of Sporothrix globosa isolates in microdilution assays and showed no antagonism with any tested antifungal agent (itraconazole, terbinafine or amphotericin B). Scanning electron microscopy and propidium iodide staining indicated that In-58 alters the cell wall integrity and interacts with DNA, leading to disruption of S. globosa in a dose-dependent manner. In S. globosa, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and reactive oxygen species increased after treatment with In-58. In vivo experiments in the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larval infection model revealed the effectiveness of In-58 against S. globosa infection with low toxicity. Our results indicate that In-58 possesses remarkable antifungal activity against S. globosa in vitro and in vivo. It has potential as a novel drug for the treatment of sporotrichosis.
Huge intermediate-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma in the retroperitoneum revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT: a case report
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Mei Tengyue , Wang Pan , Cai Jiong , Hu Xianwen
Published: September 2024

Myofibroblastic sarcoma (MS) is a relatively rare malignant bone and soft tissue tumor, which originates from myofibroblasts, with some characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. It can develop in individuals at any age and can affect various regions, especially the head and neck; however, it is rarely reported retroperitoneally. Generally, this type of sarcoma is considered a low-grade malignancy, and cases classified as moderate and high-grade malignancy are rare. In this study, we describe a case of intermediate-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (IGMS) originating from the retroperitoneum, which was confirmed through pathological diagnosis. The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large, borderless mass located retroperitoneally with a significantly increased 18F-FDG uptake, accompanied by adjacent visceral and soft tissue infiltration and peripheral lymph node metastasis. The patient received chemotherapy for 3 weeks; however, the tumor did not shrink significantly. Therefore, the patient discontinued the treatment. After 5 months, his condition gradually deteriorated, which eventually led to death. Through this case report, the diagnosis and treatment of moderate malignant retroperitoneal myofibroblastoma were discussed, aiming to increase clinicians' understanding of this disease.
Identification and pathogenicity of Alternaria and Fusarium species associated with bagged apple black spot disease in Shaanxi, China
Authors: Ding Dandan , Shao Yating , Zhao Jirong , Lin Jinshui , Zhang Xiangqian , Wang Xiukang , Xu Xiangming , Xu Chengnan
Published: September 2024

Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, “bagged apple black spot disease,” has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2), endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG), and anonymous region OPA1-3. Alternaria alternata was the most abundant species (64%), followed by Fusarium acuminatum (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. F. acuminatum led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to A. alternata. This is the first report of Fusarium and Alternaria co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of F. acuminatum affecting apples. The optimal growth of A. alternata occurred at 25–30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of F. acuminatum occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.
Effects of supplemental feeding of Chinese herbal mixtures to perinatal sows on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring piglets
Authors: Duan Xuelei , Wang Xiao , Li Zhaonian , Liu Chenggong , Bao Yongzhan , Shi Wanyu , Zhao Xinghua
Published: September 2024

The stress response of pig herds poses a significant challenge in the pig breeding industry, and investigating strategies to mitigate this stress is of paramount importance. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of supplemental feeding of Chinese herbal mixtures to perinatal sows on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring piglets. A total of 60 healthy sows (Large white) at fourth parity were randomly assigned to five treatment groups. The control group received a basal diet, while the TRT1 group received a basal diet supplemented with 2kg/t Bazhen powder (BZP). The TRT2, TRT3, and TRT4 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1kg/t, 2kg/t, and 3kg/t Qi-Zhu- Gui-Shao soothing liver and replenishing blood powder (QZGSP), respectively. The trial lasted for 5weeks, starting from day 100 of gestation until day 21 of delivery. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of 2kg/t and 3kg/t QZGSP significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of sows and their offspring piglets to different degrees, thereby effectively alleviating oxidative stress. Analysis of gut microbiota revealed that QZGSP influenced the composition of gut microbiota in both sows and their offspring piglets. Specifically, at the genus level, the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in the gut microbiota of sows in the TRT4 group was significantly lower than that in the TRT1 group (p < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of sows in the TRT4 group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, at the genus level, compared to those in the TRT1 group, piglets from the TRT4 group exhibited a significant decrease in relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Parabacteroides, and Methanobrevivacter (p < 0.05), but a significant increase in Phascolarctobacterium (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and serum contents of T-AOC and CAT (p < 0.05), as well as a negative correlation with serum concentration MDA (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between relative abundance Lactobacillus and serum levels SOD (p < 0.01) and GSH-Px (p < 0.05). Therefore, supplementation of 3kg/t QZGSP in the periparturient sow diet significantly augmented antioxidant capacity in both sows and offspring piglets, while concurrently modulating the composition and structure of their intestinal microflora. The findings from this study demonstrate that QZGSP represents a beneficial feed additive for perinatal sows.
Clinical features and immunotherapy outcomes in antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Gao Weiwei , She Jingjing , Su Lihong , Jin Shouyue , Yang Qingwei , Chen Xingyu , Zhu Renjing
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare clinical features, laboratory findings, and immunotherapy responses between antibody-positive and antibody-negative Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 60 AE patients (33 antibody-positive, 27 antibody-negative) diagnosed at Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University between January 1, 2016, and March 1, 2024 was conducted. Disease severity and treatment response were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE).

Results

Antibody-positive AE patients more frequently presented with multiple symptoms (≥4 symptoms: 39.4% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.036). They demonstrated significantly elevated serum IgG concentrations (p = 0.010) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte counts (p = 0.014). Conversely, antibody-negative AE patients presented with higher CSF total protein levels (p = 0.025) and albumin quotients (p = 0.018), indicative of more severe blood–brain barrier disruption. Antibody-positive AE patients more frequently received combination first-line immunotherapy (75.8% vs. 48.1%, p = 0.027) and exhibited superior treatment outcomes (90.9% vs. 70%, p = 0.022). Among critically ill patients (peak mRS score: 4–5), improvement in CASE scores was markedly greater in the antibody-positive cohort (median: 4.50 vs. 1.00, p = 0.024).

Conclusion

Antibody-positive AE patients manifested a more diverse symptom spectrum, elevated serum IgG concentrations and CSF leukocyte counts, and superior responses to immunotherapy. In contrast, antibody-negative AE patients demonstrated more severe blood–brain barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by higher CSF total protein concentrations and albumin quotients.
Effectiveness of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet program for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in South Korea
Authors: Cho Eunbyul , Kim Sohye , Kim Hwa Jung , Cho Belong , Park Jin Ho , Kwon Hyuktae , Kim Ju Young , Go Yumi , Kang Dong Gyun , Shin Eunyoung , Lee Sumi , Gil Siye , Kim Hyerim , Ahn Jihyun , Kim Joo Young , Jung WonJoo , Go Eunyoung
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Weight-loss strategies through meal replacements are effective and sustainable options. However, few studies have assessed their effects on weight loss including body composition through protein-supplemented meal replacements targeting the Asian population, including Koreans. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet (PSVLCD) for weight reduction and changes in body composition in individuals with obesity over a 12-month long-term period.

Methods

In total, 106 participants with obesity were randomly assigned to a PSVLCD or control group (food-based calorie-restricted diet). Body weight, waist circumference, body composition, and blood marker levels were measured throughout the study. Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the groups.

Results

Among the 106 participants, 84 completed the 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the mean weight loss from baseline to 12 months was −6.86 kg (8.21% of baseline weight) in the PSVLCD group and − 4.66 kg (5.47% of initial body weight) in the control group; the difference was −2.20 kg with a marginally significant interval (95% confidence interval [CI], −4.90; 0.50). Waist circumference (−8.35 cm vs. -4.85 cm; mean difference, −3.49 cm; 95% CI, −6.48 to −0.50) and visceral fat area (−28.28 cm2 vs. −13.26 cm2; mean difference, −15.03cm2; 95% CI, −29.01 to −1.04) also significantly decreased in the PSVLCD group at 12 months.

Discussion

The PSVLCD group demonstrated a substantial initial reduction in waist circumference that was sustained over the study period, alongside a marginally significant decrease in weight. These findings suggest that a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet may be an effective strategy for long-term weight management and body composition improvement in individuals with obesity.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identififer NCT04597788.
VDR gene TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism affects gut microbiota diversity and composition in a Caucasian population
Authors: Gonzalez-Soltero Rocío , Tabone Mariangela , Larrosa Mar , Bailen Maria , Bressa Carlo
Published: September 2024

Background

The VDR gene is identified as a crucial host factor, influencing the gut microbiota. The current research focuses on an observational study that compares gut microbiota composition among individuals with different VDR gene TaqI polymorphisms in a Caucasian Spanish population. This study aims to elucidate the interplay between genetic variations in the VDR gene and the gut microbial composition.

Methods

87 healthy participants (57 men, 30 women), aged 18 to 48 years, were examined. Anthropometric measures, body composition, and dietary habits were assessed. VDR gene polymorphism TaqI rs731236 was determined using TaqMan assays. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to study bacterial composition, which was analyzed using QIIME2, DADA2 plugin, and PICRUSt2. Statistical analyses included tests for normal distribution, alpha/beta diversity, ADONIS, LEfSe, and DESeq2, with established significance thresholds.

Results

No significant differences in body composition or dietary habits were observed based on VDR genotypes. Dietary intake analysis revealed no variations in energy, macronutrients, or fiber among the different VDR genotypes. Fecal microbiota analysis indicated significant differences in alpha diversity as measured by Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity index. Differential abundance analysis identified taxonomic disparities, notably in the genera Parabacteroides and Butyricimonas.

Conclusion

Overall, this study suggests potential associations between genetic variations in the VDR gene and the composition and function of gut microbiota.
Objective assessment of shared plate eating using a wearable camera in urban and rural households in Ghana
Authors: Domfe Christabel A. , McCrory Megan A. , Sazonov Edward , Ghosh Tonmoy , Raju Viprav , Frost Gary , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda , Sun Mingui , Jia Wenyan , Baranowski Tom , Lo Benny , Anderson Alex K.
Published: September 2024

Background

Shared plate eating (SPE), defined as two or more individuals eating directly from the same plate or bowl, is a common household food consumption practice in many Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Examination of household engagement in SPE remains largely unexplored, highlighting a gap in research when interpreting dietary information obtained from these settings. The dearth of research into SPE can be attributed to the inherent limitations of traditional dietary assessment methods which constrain their usability in settings where SPE is common.

Objective

In this expository narrative, we describe what SPE is when it is practiced in an LMIC such as Ghana; and also compare the frequency of SPE versus individual plate eating (IPE) by different household members in rural and urban households using a wearable camera (Automatic Ingestion Monitor version 2: AIM-2).

Methods

Purposive convenience sampling was employed to recruit and enroll 30 households each from an urban and a rural community (n = 60 households) in Ghana. The AIM-2 was worn on eyeglass frames for 3 days by selected household members. The AIM-2, when worn, automatically collects images to capture food consumption in participants’ environments, thus enabling passive capture of household SPE dynamics.

Results

A higher percentage of SPE occasions was observed for rural (96.7%) compared to urban (36.7%) households (p < 0.001). Common SPE dynamics included only adults sharing, adults and children sharing, only children sharing, and non-household member participation in SPE.

Conclusion

The wearable camera captured eating dynamics within households that would have likely been missed or altered by traditional dietary assessment methods. Obtaining reliable and accurate data is crucial for assessing dietary intake in settings where SPE is a norm.
Early puberty: a review on its role as a risk factor for metabolic and mental disorders
Authors: Sun Yukun , Liu Haiyan , Mu Chunguang , Liu Peipei , Hao Changfu , Xin Yongjuan
Published: September 2024

Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a trend of early puberty onset in humans. The early timing of puberty has raised concerns due to its association with significant negative health outcomes. However, overall impact and potential risk of early puberty remain uncertain. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of existing epidemiological studies to gain insights into the long-term adverse health effects associated with early puberty. Our objective was to provide a consolidated summary of these outcomes at a population level by considering studies that encompass various indicators of puberty. In all, early puberty has been identified as a potential risk factor for various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Children who experience early puberty are more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI) during adulthood, increasing their risk of obesity. Early puberty also has been found to be an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as earlier onset of menarche in girls and voice breaking in boys is associated with a higher prevalence of T2DM. Furthermore, evidence suggests that early puberty may contribute to an elevated risk of CVD, including conditions like coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, angina, and hypertension. In addition, adolescents who experience early puberty, particularly girls, are more likely to suffer from mental problems, such as behavioral dysfunction and depression. Notably, early puberty has a more significant impact on girls than boys. Further research should consider the underlying mechanisms and potential preventive measures.
Very severe aplastic anemia in a child with pulmonary mucormycosis: a case report
Authors: Huang Minchun , Jiang Nanchuan , Ren Yahui , Peng Yun , Wu Xiaoyan
Published: September 2024

Aplastic anemia (AA), is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow. Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a rare but life-threatening fungal infection observed in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with neutropenia and those using corticosteroids, with a high mortality rate from 40 to 80%. However, PM diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. This study reports a case of very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) in a male child with PM. The innovation of this article lies in the following aspects: the patient exhibited typical clinical manifestations, the reverse halo sign (RHS) on chest computed tomography (CT), and a positive metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis; despite aggressive anti-infective treatment and left lower lobectomy, he experienced a poor clinical outcome. Reflecting on cases with poor prognosis can indeed offer valuable insights and opportunities for learning. This study underlines the diagnostic challenges in mucormycosis, which should be considered in persistent fever that is unresponsive to standard antibiotic and antifungal therapies, and conduct a comprehensive examination to achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment. It was concluded that, in addition to antifungal treatment, early surgery is essential for treating mucormycosis.
Mapping and visualization of global research progress on deubiquitinases in ovarian cancer: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Qiu Fang , Li Yuntong , Zhou Lile , Wu Yingli , Wu Yunzhao , Fan Zhilei , Wang Yingying , Qin Dongjun , Li Chaoqun
Published: September 2024

Background

Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as critical regulators of protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, influencing various cellular processes relevant to cancer pathogenesis. In this study, the research progress between ovarian cancer and DUBs was mapped and visualized using bibliometrics, and the expression patterns and biological roles of DUBs in ovarian cancer were summarized.

Methods

Studies related to DUBs in ovarian cancer were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. VOSviewer 1.6.20, CiteSpace 6.3.R1, and R4.3.3 were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization.

Results

For analysis 243 articles were included in this study. The number of publications on DUBs in ovarian cancer has gradually increased each year. China, the United States, and the United Kingdom are at the center of this field of research. The Johns Hopkins University, Genentech, and Roche Holding are the main research institutions. David Komander, Zhihua Liu, and Richard Roden are the top authors in this field. The top five journals with the largest publication volumes in this field are Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal of Biological Chemistry, PLOS One, Nature Communications, and Oncotarget. Keyword burst analysis identified five research areas: “deubiquitinating enzyme,” “expression,” “activation,” “degradation,” and “ubiquitin.” In addition, we summarized the expression profiles and biological roles of DUBs in ovarian cancer, highlighting their roles in tumor initiation, growth, chemoresistance, and metastasis.

Conclusion

An overview of the research progress is provided in this study on DUBs in ovarian cancer over the last three decades. It offers insight into the most cited papers and authors, core journals, and identified new trends.
Safety assessment of sulfasalazine: a pharmacovigilance study based on FAERS database
Authors: Ye Wangyu , Ding Yuan , Li Meng , Tian Zhihua , Wang Shaoli , Liu Zhen
Published: September 2024

Background

Sulfasalazine is a widely used anti-inflammatory medication for treating autoimmune disorders such as ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its safety profile has not been systematically evaluated in real-world settings. By analyzing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, we identified risk signals associated with adverse reactions to sulfasalazine, offering valuable insights for clinical decision-making and risk management.

Methods

Reports of adverse events (AEs) associated with sulfasalazine, covering the period from Q1 2004 to Q4 2023, were extracted from the FAERS database. Detailed case information was aggregated to assess demographic characteristics. The associations between sulfasalazine and adverse events were evaluated using the Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM).

Results

We extracted 7,156 adverse event reports from the FAERS database where sulfasalazine was identified as the “Primary Suspect (PS)” drug. Using disproportionality analysis, we identified 101 preferred terms (PT) related to sulfasalazine across 24 organ systems. Notable adverse reactions consistent with the drug’s labeling were observed, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, and crystalluria. Additionally, novel positive signals not previously documented in the drug label were identified, including acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, aseptic meningitis, glomerulonephritis, and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma.

Conclusion

Most of the adverse reaction findings in this study are consistent with previous clinical research, and we have also identified new potential AEs associated with sulfasalazine. These findings provide valuable insights for the safety monitoring and clinical application of sulfasalazine.
Screening key sorghum germplasms for low-nitrogen tolerance at the seedling stage and identifying from the carbon and nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Liu Chunjuan , Gu Wendong , Li Bang , Feng Yihao , Liu Chang , Shi Xiaolong , Zhou Yufei
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) can withstand drought and heat stress and efficiently utilize water and nutrients. However, the underlying mechanism of its tolerance to low-nitrogen (N) stress remains poorly understood.

Materials and methods

This study assessed low-N tolerance in 100 sorghum-inbred lines and identified those with exceptional resilience. Principal component analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and Y value analysis were used to examine various seedling growth metrics, including plant and root dimensions, biomass, chlorophyll content, root N content, shoot N content, and root/shoot ratio.

Results and discussion

The genotypes were categorized into four distinct groups based on their respective Y values, revealing a spectrum from highly tolerant to sensitive. Low-N-tolerant sorghum lines maintained higher photosynthetic rates and exhibited increased enzymatic activities linked to carbon and N metabolism in the leaves and roots. Furthermore, low-N-tolerant genotypes had higher levels of key amino acids, including cystine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tyrosine, indicating a robust internal metabolic response to N deficiency.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive and reliable approach for the evaluation of sorghum tolerance to low-N environments, sheds light on its morphological and physiological adaptations, and provides valuable insights for future breeding programs and agricultural practices.