bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penguatan Komoditas Aren Sebagai Komoditas Unggulan Di Kampung Werur Distrik Sausapor Dengan Perbaikan Budidaya Dan Pengolahan Aren
Authors: Maruapey Azis
Published: May 2022

Tema hasil jangka panjang program Pengabdian ini adalah pelestarian lingkungan dengan budidaya aren sebagai tanaman hutan produksi, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dengan perbaikan bentuk olahan gula aren menjadi gula semut aren, peningkatan indeks pembangunan manusia sehingga tercapainya pemenuhan bahan primer, peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan penduduk kampung Werur dan indeks pembangunan gender pada aspek partisipasi penduduk desa baik pria maupun wanita. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakatÂ  bertujuan untukÂ Â  1) meningkatkan sikap peduli, empati mahasiswa terhadap kondisi perekonomian masyarakat pengolah aren serta memberikan pelayanan keilmuan praktis dan bantuan teknologi riil yang sangat dibutuhkan masyarakat. 2) mengembangkan semangat entrepreneurship dengan berpikir kreatif dalam memecahkan masalah dan persoalan masyarakat dengan mengembangkan pola kemandirian masyarakat dengan berbagai ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dengan memanfaatkan komoditas lokal yang melimpah. 3) berkontribusi dalam peningkatan ekonomi dengan perubahan bentuk produk untuk nilai jual yang lebih tinggi, dan 4) berpartisipasi dalam perbaikan lingkungan dengan pelestarian tanaman aren di wilayah hulu sungai. Metode yang dipakai dalam pencapaian tujuan tersebut adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan transfer ilmu dan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan memberikan pengetahuan yang disertai praktek pembelajaran kelompok, teknologi pembibitan, seleksi bibit, proses budidaya dan pengolahan gula semut aren. Pembelajaran disertai praktek akan dilakukan mahasiswa bersama kelompok sasaran sebagai lembaga mitra yaitu kelompok petani aren dan masyarakat kampung Werur. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian pada masyarakat dan petani Aren kampung werur membantu perbaikan budidaya Aren serta menghasilkan produk gula semut aren.Â
Pengelolaan Keuangan Program Unggulan Sumber Daya Manusia Kontruksi Pada Kegiatan Bimbingan Teknis Manager Kontraktor Pengusaha Orang Asli Papua
Authors: Bintari Wisang Candra , Wijiastuti Retno Dewi , Zain Evi Mufrihah
Published: May 2022

Usaha dibidang Jasa Konstruksi merupakan salah satu bidang usaha yang telah berkembang pesat di Indonesia, baik dalam bentuk usaha perorangan maupun sebagai badan usaha skala kecil, menengah dan besar. UntukÂ  itu perlu diimbangi dengan kualitas pelayanannya. Pada kenyataannya saat ini mutu produk, ketepatan waktu penyelesaian, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan sumber daya relatif masih jauh dari yang diharapkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa factorÂ  antara lain adalah kesediaan tenaga ahli / terampil dan penguasaan manajemen yang efisien, kecukupan permodalan serta penguasaan teknologi dan tata kelola keuangan yang masih perlu ditingkatkan.
Konseling Orientasi Masa Depan Dan Potensi Peserta Didik SMU IT HB di Semarang
Authors: Jembarwati Otih , Anggraheni Dini
Published: May 2022

Konseling bertujuan mengetahui dan membantu menyelesaikan masalahÂ  yang terjadi dalam proses pendidikan dan dapat dimanfaatkan bagi pengembangan peserta didik, tindakan kelas oleh guru dan keputusan penting lainnya. Pemahaman tentang hasil psikotes dan hasil pelatihan OMD ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan peserta didik di sekolah. Analisis dilakukan dengan membuat profile sesuai tema dalam orientasi masa depan, aspek kecerdasan dan Hasil Konseling. Hasil dari Penelitian menunjukan Tingkat kecerdasan peserta didik 80 % berada pada taraf rata-rata dan terdapat 3 orang pada kecerdasan di atas rata-rata., 50 % peserta didik tidak mengambil jurusan yang sesuai dengan hasil Psikotes pada pengabdian. Hampir seluruh pesertaÂ  menggunakan kata Dream, mimpi sebagai kata kunci untuk mengembangkan rencananya. Tujuan-tujuan yang dikembangkan selain tujuan individual juga tujuan-tujuan Sosial. SebagianÂ  besar belum mengetahui langkah-langkah apa yang harus diambil bagi masa depannya, namun maping yang dibuat cenderung lebih luas dan lengkap.
Pendampingan Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Bagi Siswa SMPN 1 Saonek Raja Ampat
Authors: Tahang Heriyanti , Febriadi Ihsan , Ngelo Siti Mumtahanah
Published: May 2022

Berdasar pada data observasi awal, sebagai Sekolah yang hanya memiliki satu guru Bahasa Inggris Aktif dan kurangnya motivasi belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa di SMP N 01 Saonek menjadi salah satu alasan pelaksanaan Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini. Program ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga bentuk kegiatan yaitu penyuluhan pendidikan, mengajar bahasa Inggris di sekolah dan English fun day. Program ini bertujuan menumbuhkan motivasi belajar bahasa Inggris siswa SMP N 1 Saonek Raja Ampat. Seluruh siswa sekolah menjadiÂ  peserta dalam program ini, 43 siswa yang tersebar di tiga tingkatan kelas. Diantaranya 13 siswa di Kelas 1, 15 siswa di Kelas 2 dan 15 siswa di kelas 3. Program ini dilaksanakan oleh dosen bersama 25 mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong. Penyuluhan pendidikan merupakan salah satu bentuk agenda pembuka yang bertujuan memberikan penjelasan dan pemahaman kepada peserta didik tentang pentingnya mempelajari bahasa Inggris.Â  Program kedua adalah mengajar bahasa Inggris setiap hari di sekolah. Terakhir, English fun day yang diadakan setiap sore hari di sekitar pantai. Hasil dari program pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa program ini cukup berhasil dilihat dari antusiasme peserta didik selama mengikuti program-program yang telah disebutkan diatas. Antusiasme partisipasi aktif dari peserta didik ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar Bahasa Inggris yang tadinya kurang tertarik hingga akhirnya tertarik belajar bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, program ini juga sangat bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa dalam dalam mempraktekkan ilmu yang dipelajari dalam perkuliahan.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Persemaian Dan Cabutan Anakan Alam Di Kampung Kasih Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Ponisri Ponisri , Farida Anif , Nanlohy Lona Helti
Published: May 2022

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan pembuatan persemaian sementara dan permanen serta anakan cabutan alami. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah dengan cara pelatihan , penyuluhan dan diskusi tentang persemaian dan cabutan anakan alami. PenyemaianÂ adalah kegiatan memproses benih menjadiÂ bibit. Penyemaian diperlukan ketika benih terlalu kecil sehingga jika ditanam langsung akan rentan hanyut atau hilang terbawa air. Kegiatan Â dimana benih di tanam di suatu mediaÂ  yang bertujuan agar benih bisa tumbuh maksimal, biasanya benih yangÂ  melalui persemaian bisa terlindung dari hama penyakit yang mengganggu bibit tanaman. Dengan melakukan persemaianÂ  benih yang di tanam dapat terpelihara dengan baik di bandingkan dengan yang langsung tanam, persemaian tentunya memiliki bagian yang sangat pentingÂ  dari sebagian tanaman yangÂ  akan Â dibudidayakan walaupun tidak semua tanaman harus di semai, beberapa tanaman sebenarnya berupaya tumbuh sehat namun dengan bantuan campur tangan manusia sekarang ini maka akan memepercepat pertumbuhan tanaman tersebut. Dimana persemaian merupakan tempat penyiapan bibit yang baik sebelum di pindah ke lahan. Untuk pembangunan hutan tanaman yang membutuhkan bibit dalam jumlah yang besar dan memiliki prasarana perhubungan yang lancarÂ  kelokasi penanaman sebaiknya dipergunakan tipe persemaian permanen.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Literasi Baca dan Digital Berbasis Perpustakaan Online Di Kampung Klabili Distrik Selemkai
Authors: Arpian Arpian , Aswad Ahmad Nur , Prasetya Bagas , Ode Endang Syahputri , Habibi Habibi , Wira Muhammad Alif , Thaufiq Muhammad , Muhiddin Retno , Khalisa Wafiq Salsabillah , Manurung Yolanda Iriana , Kahar Muhammad Syahrul
Published: May 2022

Kabupaten Tambrauw secara geografis memiliki wilayah yang begitu besar yang sangat memungkinkan daerah tersebut memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah, namun dengan tingginya sumber daya alam tidak di dukung dengan pembangunan sumber daya manusia di daerah tersebut. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini mencakup 2 hal yaitu (1) Untuk menjelaskan sejauh mana peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam implementasi Literasi Baca, (2) Untuk menggambarkan tingkat keterampilan masyarakat dalam menggunakan literasi digital sebagai media informasi. Metode yang diterapkan dalam program ini mencakup beberapa tahapan yakni: tahap 1 pembinaan dan Pendampingan, salah satunya dengan memberikan modul baca dan mendata buku-buku baca online yang akan digunakan serta mendampingi proses belajar warga. Selanjutnya tahap 2 pelestarian yakni dengan memberikan kepada warga belajar kalimat-kalimat yang lebih komplek, Sedangkan untuk pembelajaran literasi digital diberikan pengkajian informasi yang berkaitan dengan fakta atau kabar yang diterima hoaks. kemudian pada tahap ini juga masyarakat diminta untuk belajar mengakses perpustakaan online. Adapun responden dalam penelitian ini masyarakat kampung Klabili. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa warga cukup tertarik mengikuti pembelajaran yang diberikan, dikarenakan materi yang diajarkan adalah sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang mereka inginkan. Berdasarkan perihal tersebut terdapat Peningkatan pengetahuan pada warga belajar dengan rata rata presentase keberhasilan kegiatan sebesar 71 persen. Kemudian pada capaian literasi digital menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik pula dengan persentase sebesar 69 persen. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran yang diberikan mampu berkontribusi dalam mendorong pengetahuan warga, disatu sisi mereka juga terbantu dengan program-program yang diberikan pada saat kegiatan berlangsung.Â
Female’s Experience with Post-placental Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Use in a Tertiary Care Centre in Pakistan
Authors: Safdar Zahra , Sabir Sumaira Fatima , Zaib Sumaira , Abid Saleena
Published: May 2022

Background: Insertion of a post-placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the safe and effective methods of temporary contraception. In the immediate post-delivery period, females are highly driven and in need of an effective method for contraception so that child-rearing can be easy without unintended pregnancy.

Objective: To assess the outcome of females accepting PPIUCD in terms of insertion, complications, and discontinuation rate at 6 weeks and 6 months.

Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan, from May 2015 to August 2019. The data were collected and analysed after approval from the hospital ethical committee and were retrieved from the maternal and neonatal child health programme. Record of clinical visit and telephonic survey for miscellaneous complaints at 6 weeks and 6 months were evaluated from the medical records department and relevant data were extracted. The data were analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS® Statistics) V21.0 software (International Business Machines Corporation [IBM], New York, USA) and the results were expressed in descriptive statistics in frequencies and percentages.

Results: Total live births during the study period were 43,065. PPIUCD was inserted in 5,275 females (12.24%). Only 13% presented for clinical follow-up; 87% had a telephonic conversation. Of these, 33% were advised to have a clinical visit; 83% reported no complaints. Reassurance was needed in 11% and threads were trimmed in 2%. Problems reported were displaced intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD; 3.3%); spontaneous expulsion (24.0%); vaginal infections (4.7%); missing strings (3.0%); cramping (25.0%); dyspareunia (6.0%); spotting (52.0%); and vaginal discharge (16.0%). Ultrasound was advised (3.0%), as were symptomatic treatment (14.0%) and antibiotics and IUCD removal (0.7%). IUCD was discontinued by 6.7% of the females for various reasons: family pressure (0.3%); wanting a further child (0.7%); and opting for another method of family planning (14.0%). IUCD was removed and reinserted in 4.9%.

Conclusion: PPIUCD has a low turnover rate of follow-up but has high compliance with devices and a low complication rate; however, complications can be reduced by improving patient selection and clinical follow-up. It provides an excellent window of opportunity for providing effective long-term contraception to the patients who need it the most.
An Alternative Approach to Optimal Growth Path by Adaptive Decision-Making based on Budgetary Control Management
Authors: Sakaki Shungo
Published: May 2022

In economics, we generally assume rational decision-making. However, practical decision-making is performed based on budgetary control management from businesses to households and governments. This principle corresponds to adaptive decision-making through sequentially updating decisions by managing variances between plans and actual results. In this paper, we examine the consumers' over time decision-making problem within the framework of the neoclassical growth model by incorporating replicator dynamics instead of the Keynes-Ramsey rule. Consequently, we show analytically that numerous and stable paths exist following the optimal growth path that leads to the modified golden rule level. Furthermore, simulation results show that we can achieve levels above 0.9 of the optimal growth path based on the social welfare level over time. The optimal growth model remains valuable because it provides a social welfare norm. But we can practically realize sufficient economic benefits without assuming the existence of an omniscient government or perfectly rational economic agents.
Influência de políticas públicas no saneamento básico
Authors: Marques Liliane Aparecida da Silva , Ferreira Alves Alessandro , Frogeri Rodrigo Franklin , Brisola Elisa Maria Andrade , Silva Ariovaldo Francisco
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho aborda o papel das políticas municipais de saneamento na universalização do saneamento básico. Para isso, buscou-se responder à pergunta: as políticas municipais de saneamento estão relacionadas aos índices de água e esgoto de municípios do Sul de Minas? Foram analisadas a existência e a relação das políticas municipais de saneamento e dos índices de água e esgoto dos 155 municípios que compõem o Sul de Minas Gerais, e os reflexos em aspectos socioeconômicos. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico relacional sobre as políticas públicas de saneamento e análise dos índices de políticas municipais de saneamento, de água e esgoto (dados secundários). Por meio da aplicação de estatística descritiva, foi possível compreender os papéis das políticas públicas e sua interação com a infraestrutura de saneamento básico. Verificou-se que as políticas públicas de saneamento dos municípios do Sul de Minas interagem com os índices de saneamento (água e esgoto), pois à medida que aumentam os municípios com políticas públicas de saneamento, também elevam os índices da universalização do saneamento, como população atendida, água tratada e esgoto coletado.
Uberização do Trabalho
Authors: Flausino Juliana Guratti , Rezende Ana Paula Nogueira de Barros , Brisola Elisa Maria Andrade , Silva André Luiz
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os aspectos sociológicos que permeiam a nova dinâmica de trabalho precarizado, instaurada por meio dos aplicativos de transporte e entrega em domicílio, além de observar as consequências, crises e bloqueios que estes novos formatos laborais trazem para a morfologia do trabalho e para a identidade dos trabalhadores. Metodologicamente, trata-se de estudo de natureza bibliográfica e documental, interdisciplinar, com base nos teóricos que estudam o trabalho na contemporaneidade. Consideramos finalmente que a uberização do trabalho, impacta objetiva e subjetivamente na identidade da classe trabalhadora, não somente pelo avanço tecnológico e pela substituição de trabalho vivo por trabalho morto, mas pela mutação da essência dos ofícios, enfraquecimento do reconhecimento social, extrema individualização e consequente fragmentação da classe trabalhadora, bem como a falta de responsabilidade trabalhista por parte das plataformas digitais.
DOS PCN À BNCC: UMA ANÁLISE INTERPRETATIVA DAS INDICAÇÕES DE APRENDIZAGENS NO TEMA PROBABILIDADE
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Gracilene de Carvalho , Silva Angélica da Fontoura Garcia , Galvão Maria Elisa Esteves Lopes
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise interpretativa das orientações curriculares brasileiras – Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN – e Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC – para o ensino de Probabilidade a partir dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo documental e bibliográfico de natureza qualitativa, cuja relevância destacamos apoiados em investigações que justificam a sua inserção no currículo desde os anos iniciais. A análise dos documentos permitiu observar que o tema probabilidade é indicado para os anos iniciais pelaprimeira vez nos PCN. Tanto nos PCN como na BNCC discute-se sobre a necessidade de levar em conta noções intuitivas, explorar espaços equiprováveis e favorecer a compreensão da aleatoriedade presente no cotidiano. Na BNCC propõe-se que o trabalho se desenvolva ao longo de todos os anos; nos PCN a proposta é para estudantes de 9 e 10 anos. Os dois documentos contemplam a ideia de quantificação. Na BNCC expõe-se quais são as habilidades a serem desenvolvidas em cada ano escolar. Foi possível identificar também a necessidade de se favorecer a constituição de espaçosformativos que promovam a discussão e reflexão sobre a Probabilidade e seu ensino para os anos iniciais uma vez que investigações que discutem a formação de professores concluem que, no geral, as indicações curriculares são diferentes das experiências vivenciadas pelos professores enquanto alunos.
From Compact Discs to Streaming: A Comparison of Eras within the Brazilian Market
Authors: Seufitelli Danilo B. , Oliveira Gabriel P. , Silva Mariana O. , Barbosa Gabriel R. G. , Melo Bruna C. , Botelho Juliana E. , Melo-Gomes Luiza de , Moro Mirella M.
Published: May 2022

The music industry has undergone many changes in the last few decades, notably since vinyl, cassettes and compact discs faded away as streaming platforms took the world by storm. This Digital evolution has made huge volumes of data about music consumption available. Based on such data, we perform cross-era comparisons between Physical and Digital media within the music market in Brazil. First, we build artists' success time series to detect and characterize hot streak periods, defined as high-impact bursts that occur in sequence, in both eras. Then, we identify groups of artists with distinct success levels by applying a cluster analysis based on hot streaks' features. We find the same clusters for both Physical and Digital eras: Spike Hit Artists, Big Hit Artists, and Top Hit Artists. Our results reveal significant changes in the music industry dynamics over the years by identifying the core of each era.
Real-time Analysis of Interactive Scores in PWGL
Authors: Kuuskankare Mika
Published: May 2022

In this article, we introduce an original approach to computerized music analysis within the graphical computer-assisted composition environment called PWGL. Our aim is to facilitate real-time analysis of interactive scores written in common Western music notation. To this end, we have developed a novel library that allows us to analyze scores realized with the help of ENP, and to visualize the results of the analysis in real-time. ENP is the native music notation tool of PWGL able to produce automatically typeset and interactive music notation. Here, it is extended to support the display of analytical information that can be drawn on top of the score as an overlay. The analysis backend is realized with the help of our built-in musical scripting language. The language is based on pattern-matching and allows for a rich access of score information. The results of the analysis are presented directly as a part of the original score leveraging the extensible and interactive visualization capabilities of ENP.
A Molecular Docking Study of Human STEAP2 for the Discovery of New Potential Anti-Prostate Cancer Chemotherapeutic Candidates
Authors: Ongaba Timothy , Ndekezi Christian , Nakiddu Nana
Published: May 2022

Prostate cancer is a rising health concern and accounts for 3.8% of all cancer deaths globally. Uganda has one of the highest incidence rates of the disease in Africa at 5.2% with the majority of diagnosed patients found to have advanced disease. This study aimed to use the STEAP2 protein (prostate cancer–specific biomarker) for the discovery of new targeted therapy. To determine the most likely compound that can bind to the STEAP2 protein, we docked the modeled STEAP2 3D structure against 2466 FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved drug candidates using AutoDock Vina. Protein basic local alignment search tool (BLASTp) search, multiple sequence alignment (MSA), and phylogenetics were further carried out to analyze the diversity of this marker and determine its conserved domains as suitable target regions. Six promising drug candidates (ligands) were identified. Triptorelin had the highest binding energy (−12.1 kcal/mol) followed by leuprolide (docking energy: −11.2 kcal/mol). All the top two drug candidates interacted with residues Ser-372 and Gly-369 in close proximity with the iron-binding domain (an important catalyst of metal reduction). The two drugs had earlier been approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer with an elusive mode of action. Through this study, further insight into figuring out their interaction with STEAP2 might be important during treatment.
Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy in South Africa: Facts, Gaps, and Opportunities
Authors: Coetzee Ankia , Hall David R. , Conradie Magda
Published: May 2022

This review contextualizes hyperglycemia in pregnancy from a South-African perspective. It aims to create awareness of the importance of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in low-middle-income countries. We address unanswered questions to guide future research on sub-Saharan African women with hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP). South African women of childbearing age have the highest prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa. They are predisposed to Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the leading cause of death in South African women. T2DM remains undiagnosed in many African countries, with two-thirds of people living with diabetes unaware. With the South African health policy’s increased focus on improving antenatal care, women often gain access to screening for non-communicable diseases for the first time in pregnancy. While screening practices and diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) differ amongst geographical areas in South Africa (SA), hyperglycemia of varying degrees is often first detected in pregnancy. This is often erroneously ascribed to GDM, irrespective of the degree of hyperglycemia and not overt diabetes. T2DM and GDM convey a graded increased risk for the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy, with cardiometabolic risk accumulating across the lifespan. Resource limitations and high patient burden have hampered the opportunity to implement accessible preventative care in young women at increased risk of developing T2DM in the broader public health system in SA. All women with HFDP, including those with true GDM, should be followed and undergo glucose assessment postpartum. In SA, studies conducted early postpartum have noted persistent hyperglycemia in a third of women after GDM. Interpregnancy care is advantageous and may attain a favourable metabolic legacy in these young women, but the yield of return following delivery is suboptimal. We review the current best evidence regarding HFDP and contextualize the applicability in SA and other African or low-middle-income countries. The review identifies gaps and shares pragmatic solutions regarding clinical factors that may improve awareness, identification, diagnosis, and management of women with HFDP.
The Desmosome-Keratin Scaffold Integrates ErbB Family and Mechanical Signaling to Polarize Epidermal Structure and Function
Authors: Green Kathleen J. , Niessen Carien M. , Rübsam Matthias , Perez White Bethany E. , Broussard Joshua A.
Published: May 2022

While classic cadherin-actin connections in adherens junctions (AJs) have ancient origins, intermediate filament (IF) linkages with desmosomal cadherins arose in vertebrate organisms. In this mini-review, we discuss how overlaying the IF-desmosome network onto the existing cadherin-actin network provided new opportunities to coordinate tissue mechanics with the positioning and function of chemical signaling mediators in the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. We focus in particular on the complex multi-layered outer covering of the skin, the epidermis, which serves essential barrier and stress sensing/responding functions in terrestrial vertebrates. We will review emerging data showing that desmosome-IF connections, AJ-actin interactions, ErbB family members, and membrane tension are all polarized across the multiple layers of the regenerating epidermis. Importantly, their integration generates differentiation-specific roles in each layer of the epidermis that dictate the form and function of the tissue. In the basal layer, the onset of the differentiation-specific desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) dials down EGFR signaling while working with classic cadherins to remodel cortical actin cytoskeleton and decrease membrane tension to promote cell delamination. In the upper layers, Dsg1 and E-cadherin cooperate to maintain high tension and tune EGFR and ErbB2 activity to create the essential tight junction barrier. Our final outlook discusses the emerging appreciation that the desmosome-IF scaffold not only creates the architecture required for skin’s physical barrier but also creates an immune barrier that keeps inflammation in check.
Extreme Events and Production Shocks for Key Crops in Southern Africa Under Climate Change
Authors: Thomas Timothy S. , Robertson Richard D. , Strzepek Kenneth , Arndt Channing
Published: May 2022

Many studies have estimated the effect of climate change on crop productivity, often reflecting uncertainty about future climates by using more than one emissions pathway or multiple climate models, usually fewer than 30, and generally much fewer, with focus on the mean changes. Here we examine four emissions scenarios with 720,000 future climates per scenario over a 50-year period. We focus on the effect of low-frequency, high-impact weather events on crop yields in 10 countries of Southern Africa, aggregating from nearly 9,000 25-kilometer-square locations. In the highest emissions scenario, median maize yield is projected to fall by 9.2% for the region while the 5th percentile is projected to fall by 15.6% between the 2020s and 2060s. Furthermore, the frequency of a low frequency, 1-in-20-year low-yield event for rainfed maize is likely to occur every 3.5 years by the 2060s under the high emissions scenario. We also examine the impact of climate change on three other crops of considerable importance to the region: drybeans, groundnuts, and soybeans. Projected yield decline for each of these crops is less than for maize, but the impact varies from country to country and within each country. In many cases, the median losses are modest, but the losses in the bad weather years are generally much higher than under current climate, pointing to more frequent bouts with food insecurity for the region, unless investments are made to compensate for those production shocks.
The Early Miocene Provenance Shift of ODP Site 1177 and Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Shikoku Basin, Philippine Sea Plate
Authors: Liu Wei , Feng Wanyi , Gai Congcong , Zhou Yang , Zhong Yi , Cao Wei , Li Yuanjie , Zhao Xixi , Liu Qingsong
Published: May 2022

The Ocean Drilling Program Site 1177 recovered the oldest (∼23 Ma) sedimentary records in the Shikoku Basin, northeastern part of the Philippine Sea Plate. Changes in sediment provenances bear important implications for the tectonic evolution of the Philippine Sea Plate, but existing data are still controversial for the early Miocene. By integrating Sr-Nd isotopes, rock-magnetic parameters, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the previous data on the detrital zircons and clay minerals from Site 1177, we found that a significant provenance shift occurred at ∼16.5 Ma. The sediments of Site 1177 before ∼16.5 Ma were mainly sourced from the Pearl River and Izu-Bonin Arc, but changed to the Yangtze River and Izu-Bonin Arc sources after that. This provenance shift was strongly linked with the northward motion and clockwise rotation of the Shikoku Basin in the Miocene, which marked the final time of separation between the Shikoku Basin and the South China Sea.
Association Between Four Anthropometric Indexes and Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults
Authors: Li Yaling , Zheng Rui , Li Shuting , Cai Ruyi , Ni Feihua , Zheng Huiyan , Hu Ruying , Sun Ting
Published: May 2022

Objective

To study the association between anthropometric indexes [lipid accumulation products (LAP), visceral obesity index (VAI), triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) and waist triglyceride index (WTI)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a representative sample of American adult population surveyed by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the NHANES were used. Participants were adults aged 18–80 y from 1996–2006. MetS were defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP-ATP III) for Americans. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the ability of these indexes in screening MetS. Statistical differences among the AUC values of these indexes were compared. The association between the anthropometric indexes and MetS was investigated using weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.

Results

560 (35.2%) males and 529 (26.4%) females were diagnosed with MetS. LAP was the strongest predictor of MetS for men (AUC=0.87, 95% CI 0.85-0.89), and also was the strongest for women [AUC=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.86], according to the ROC curve analysis. In men, differences in AUC values between LAP and other anthropometric indicators were also significant (all P<0.001). In women, there was a significant difference in AUC values between LAP and WTI (P<0.001), but differences in AUC values between LAP and TyG, VAI were not significant.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that LAP is a better predictor in the clinical setting for identifying individuals with MetS in the American adult population.
A Modelling Study of Post-Combustion Capture Plant Process Conditions to Facilitate 95–99% CO2 Capture Levels From Gas Turbine Flue Gases
Authors: Michailos Stavros , Gibbins Jon
Published: May 2022

The principal purpose of this study is to examine the changes in process conditions that might be needed to achieve up to 99% capture levels in amine post-combustion capture (PCC) plants for combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) flue gases. This information is of interest since, while 95% capture is adequate for current market and regulatory conditions, net zero fossil emissions (99% capture for a CCGT plant) will be required to deliver global climate mitigation targets and is increasingly a target for national climate policies. The conventionally-configured plant in the study is based on FEED studies carried out by Bechtel Corporation and uses MEA at 35% w/w. Performance modelling is undertaken using the Aspen Plus CCSI MEA Steady State Model. The results show that efficient operation at higher capture levels appears to be feasible with minimal adjustments to the plant configuration, provided that the absorber has a sufficient packing height and the stripper is capable of operation at pressures above 2 bar. The study primarily focuses on operation at low lean loadings (0.09–0.15 molCO2/molMEA) and correspondingly low L/G ratios (<1 by mass), the combination of which, in principle, can give a higher rich loading for a given capture level and packing height and consequently reduce energy consumption. However, for a given capture level, there is a minimum absorber packing height below which a near-optimal rich loading cannot be achieved for any lean loading and L/G ratio. For example, at a lean loading of 0.12 molCO2/molMEA, an absorber packing height of approximately 24 m is required for 99% capture with a minimal increase in specific energy requirements (3.77 GJ/tCO2 at 99% capture vs. 3.50 GJ/tCO2 at 95% capture). A stripper pressure of 2.4 bar is also found to be necessary to achieve this lean loading level without excessive energy requirements. The effect of varying lean loading at three constant rich loading levels is reported in detail, as are the effect of rich loading at constant lean loading and the effect of pressure on stripper performance and energy requirements. The study also examines the effects of cooling and intercooling at elevated capture levels. A simple analysis of break-even operating costs suggests that capture levels higher than the 95% envisaged in current United Kingdom guidance, to further reduce CO2 emissions costs for CCGT + PCC, might be attractive if carbon dioxide removal from air is the alternative.
Assessing the Structure and Function of Distress Calls in Cuban Fruit-Eating Bats (Brachyphylla nana)
Authors: Arnold Bryan , De La Cruz Mora Jose Manuel , Roesch Joseph
Published: May 2022

Most bat species are highly social and utilize a variety of calls to communicate with each other including distress calls that may warn other bats of potential threats. The function of these calls in different species varies and could include eliciting help or acting as a warning signal to stay away. In this study, Cuban fruit-eating bats, Brachyphylla nana, were captured from La Barca Cave in Guanahacabibes National Park, Cuba and distress calls were recorded to examine call structure and variability among different bats. We used Avisoft SASlab pro to analyze 14 different spectral and temporal characteristics of the calls and utilized factor analysis to reduce the dimensionality in the data set and assess variability in call structure. The recorded calls and a pink noise control were used in a playback experiment inside the cave to analyze how bats respond to distress calls. An infrared video camera and ultrasonic microphone were used during the playback to determine if there were any changes in bat behavior, such as an increase in calls observed, bats flying by the speaker, or bats leaving the area. Our results suggest that call structure is variable with limited evidence that call characteristics are unique to specific individuals. Our playbacks suggest that these calls serve a social function in that the number of bats approaching the speaker increased during distress call playbacks relative to the control. Future work will include building on these results to further explore Brachyphylla nana social behavior including anti-predatory behavior and social communication.
Effect of Y Concentration on the In Situ Growth Behavior and Corrosion Protection of the MgAlY-LDH Sealing Film on the Anodized Surface of Mg–2Zn–4Y Alloy
Authors: Hong Yuqi , Wu Liang , Zhang Xinyi , Zhan Guoxiang , Chen Yanning , Yao Wenhui , Dai Xu , Wu Tao , Dai Xiaowei , Xiang Jianpeng , Zhou Yan , Pan Fusheng
Published: May 2022

The successful doping of Yttrium (Y) in the Mg-Al layered double hydroxide film (MgAlY-LDHs) is obtained by hydrothermal way on the anodic oxide film of Mg-2Zn-4Y alloys. The composition, morphology and structure of MgAlY-LDHs were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field-emission scanning electronic microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) respectively. The electrochemical behavior was observed by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Y ions can be incorporated into the MgAl-LDHs film in a completely isomorphic replacement manner and have the ability to improve the corrosion resistance of the film. Moreover, the ternary LDHs film grown in situ on the Mg-2Zn-4Y alloy provides a high possibility for the corrosion resistance of industrial metals. The schematic representation of electrochemical behavior and the growth mechanism of MgAlY-LDHs nanosheet are as following eventually.
Early Spondyloarthritis Clinic: Organizational Improvements in the Patient Journey
Authors: D'Angelo Salvatore , Afeltra Antonella , Atzeni Fabiola , Baldissera Elena , Caminiti Maurizio , Ciccia Francesco , D'Agostino Maria Antonietta , Dagna Lorenzo , Erre Gian Luca , Franceschini Franco , Fusaro Enrico , Giacomelli Roberto , Gremese Elisa , Guggino Giuliana , Lomater Claudia , Lubrano Ennio , Padula Angela Anna , Pagano Mariano Giuseppa , Russo Romualdo , Sarzi Puttini Piercarlo , Scarpa Raffaele , Selmi Carlo , Tirri Enrico , Ferri Stefano , Iannone Florenzo
Published: May 2022

Spondyloarthritis are chronic inflammatory diseases affecting spine, peripheral joints and enthesis, as well as extra-articular sites (bowel, eyes, skin). Diagnosis of spondyloarthritis often is slow and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The “Early SpA Clinic” project aimed at improving the patient care and journeys, by solving some organizational issues existing in Rheumatology Clinics. The “Early SpA Clinic” involved 19 Italian Rheumatology Centers using in-depth organizational analyses to identify areas for improvement. From the results of the analyses, some organizational solutions were suggested, and their impact measured at the end of the project through specific KPI. With the implementation of the suggested organizational solutions, Centers achieved relevant results, positively impacting on all the phases of the patient journey: decrease in waiting lists (−23%) and in the time length to transit the Center (−22%), increase in the percentage of new diagnoses (+20%), in the saturation of outpatient clinic capacity (+16%), and in the patient satisfaction (+4%). Centers involved in the “Early SpA Clinic” implemented several organizational actions based on an overall assessment of their activities and on solutions that required no additional resources. Overall, the Centers achieved the “Early SpA Clinic” objectives in terms of better management of resources, personnel, spaces, equipment, in relation to the volumes of patients.
Case Report: Let Us Not Forget the Treatment That Some Patients Have Received—The Brief 50-Year History of a Kidney Transplant Survivor
Authors: Nordheim Espen , Raki Melinda , Midtvedt Karsten
Published: May 2022

Background

There has been a considerable improvement in post-transplant care since the early 1960s. Some patients we meet in the clinic have personally experienced this progress and have histories to tell that one must not forget. This is the brief history of a long-time “transplant survivor.”

Case Presentation

In 1970, a young woman developed acute oedema, proteinuria, hypertension and oliguria during pregnancy. Labor was induced, but neither the child nor the kidney function could be saved. Our patient started dialysis, and 4 years later received a kidney transplant donated by her father (then 55 years of age). Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of prednisolone and azathioprine until 2011, when azathioprine was switched to everolimus due to skin cancer. Before this, our patient was highly satisfied with prednisolone/azathioprine, despite discussions regarding newer immunosuppressive drugs, and always reminded the treating physician that one should “never change a winning team.” Retrospectively, the avoidance of calcineurin inhibitors might have been beneficial for this patient who still has preserved an excellent renal function with s-creatinine levels around 100 μmol/L and just had sparse fibrosis detected in a recently performed transplant biopsy. The transplanted kidney is now 101 years old and is still working 24/7.

Conclusions

Our patient received a kidney transplant for 46 years ago and still has a remarkably stable transplant function with s-creatinine levels around 100 μmol/L. This case report illustrates the potential endurance of the kidneys and is a reminder to keep taking individualized treatment decisions even though new treatment alternatives promise superiority.
Oxidative Fermentation of Acetic Acid Bacteria and Its Products
Authors: He Yating , Xie Zhenzhen , Zhang Huan , Liebl Wolfgang , Toyama Hirohide , Chen Fusheng
Published: May 2022

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria, including 19 reported genera until 2021, which are widely found on the surface of flowers and fruits, or in traditionally fermented products. Many AAB strains have the great abilities to incompletely oxidize a large variety of carbohydrates, alcohols and related compounds to the corresponding products mainly including acetic acid, gluconic acid, gulonic acid, galactonic acid, sorbose, dihydroxyacetone and miglitol via the membrane-binding dehydrogenases, which is termed as AAB oxidative fermentation (AOF). Up to now, at least 86 AOF products have been reported in the literatures, but no any monograph or review of them has been published. In this review, at first, we briefly introduce the classification progress of AAB due to the rapid changes of AAB classification in recent years, then systematically describe the enzymes involved in AOF and classify the AOF products. Finally, we summarize the application of molecular biology technologies in AOF researches.
Linear Growth Trajectories, Catch-up Growth, and Its Predictors Among North Indian Small-for-Gestational Age Low Birthweight Infants: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Sinha Bireshwar , Choudhary Tarun Shankar , Nitika Nitika , Kumar Mohan , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita
Published: May 2022

Background

Low birthweight small-for-gestational-age (SGA-LBW) (birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age; SGA-LBW) infants are at an increased risk of poor postnatal growth outcomes. Linear growth trajectories of SGA-LBW infants are less studied in South Asian settings including India.

Objectives

To describe the linear growth trajectories of the SGA-LBW infants compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age LBW (AGA-LBW) infants during the first 6 months of life. In addition, we estimated catch-up growth (ΔLAZ > 0.67) in SGA-LBW infants and their performance against the WHO linear growth velocity cut-offs. Additionally, we studied factors associated with poor catch-up growth in SGA-LBW infants.

Methods

The data utilized came from an individually randomized controlled trial that included low birthweight (LBW) infants weighing 1,500–2,250 g at birth. A total of 8,360 LBW infants were included. For comparison between SGA-LBW and AGA-LBW infants, we presented unadjusted and adjusted estimates for mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) for the outcomes of length, linear growth velocity, length for age z-score (LAZ) score, and stunting. We estimated the proportion of catch-up growth. Generalized linear models of the Poisson family with log links were used to identify factors associated with poor catch-up growth in SGA-LBW infants.

Results

Low birthweight small-for-gestational-age infants had a higher risk of stunting, lower attained length, and a lower LAZ score throughout the first 6 months of life compared with AGA-LBW infants, with differences being maximum at 28 days and minimum at 6 months of age. The linear growth velocity in SGA-LBW infants compared with AGA-LBW infants was significantly lower during the birth–28 day period [MD −0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.28 to −0.10] and higher during the 3- to 6-month period (MD 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06–0.28). Among the SGA-LBW infants, 55% showed catch-up growth for length at 6 months of age. Lower wealth quintiles, high birth order, home birth, male child, term delivery, non-exclusive breastfeeding, and pneumonia were associated with the higher risk of poor catch-up in linear growth among SGA-LBW infants.

Conclusion

Small for gestational age (SGA) status at birth, independent of gestational age, is a determinant of poor postnatal linear growth. Promotion of institutional deliveries, exclusive breastfeeding, and prevention and early treatment of pneumonia may be helpful to improve linear growth in SGA-LBW infants during early infancy.

Clinical Trial Registration

[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT02653534].
Citrus Peel Flavonoid Extracts: Health-Beneficial Bioactivities and Regulation of Intestinal Microecology in vitro
Authors: Li Ping , Yao Xu , Zhou Qingqing , Meng Xia , Zhou Tao , Gu Qing
Published: May 2022

Citrus peel and its extracts are rich in flavonoids, which are beneficial to human health. In this study, the extraction, component analysis, biological activity and intestinal microbiota regulation of citrus peel flavonoid extracts (CPFEs) were investigated. CPFEs from 14 Chinese cultivars were purified by ultrasound-assisted extraction and XAD-16 macroporous resin. The total flavonoid content of lemon was greatest at 103.48 ± 0.68 mg/g dry weight (DW) by NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH spectrophotometry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection, the highest concentrations of naringin, hesperidin and eriocitrin were found in grapefruit (52.03 ± 0.51 mg/g DW), chachiensis (43.02 ± 0.37 mg/g DW) and lemon (27.72 ± 0.47 mg/g DW), respectively. Nobiletin was the most polymethoxylflavone in chachiensis at 16.91 ± 0.14 mg/g DW. CPFEs from chachiensis and grapefruit had better antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory and sodium glycocholate binding ability. In addition, chachiensis and grapefruit CPFEs had positive effects on intestinal microecology, as evidenced by a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., and production of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid, by a simulated human intestinal model. Collectively, our results highlight the biological function of CPFEs as prebiotic agents, indicating their potential use in food and biomedical applications.
Carnosol Maintains Intestinal Barrier Function and Mucosal Immune Homeostasis in DSS-Induced Colitis
Authors: Xu Xiang , Zhang Gao , Peng Kun , Gao Yanping , Wang Jinxia , Gao Caiping , He Chong , Lu Fang
Published: May 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by recurrent flares of mucosal inflammation, which is limited in the colon and rectum. Compromised epithelial barrier functions have been indicated in the initiation of UC. Carnosol (CA), a natural active ortho-diphenol diterpene compound, is one of the active ingredients in plants such as rosemary and sage. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of CA have been reported in several animal models, but its effect on mucosal inflammation remains elusive. We established a mouse experimental colitis model characterized by epithelial barrier destruction using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). CA was intraperitoneally administrated. Flow cytometry was performed to determine phenotypes of intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria cells. qRT-PCR was used for gene expression. ER stress in the colon was determined by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Thapsigargin was used to induce ER stress in HCT-116 cells in vitro. We found CA significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice marked by relieved clinical symptoms and colonic pathological damage. Inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the colon were suppressed by CA during colitis. Furthermore, CA restored epithelial barrier functions and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) homeostasis in mice with DSS insults. Mechanistically, we induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HCT-116 cells (an intestinal epithelial cell line) with thapsigargin, and CA reversed this effect. In addition, we collected inflamed mucosal biopsies from 23 patients with UC, and cultured overnight with or without CA, showing CA significantly reduced expression of ER stress signaling molecule and pro-inflammatory agents. Our data demonstrate that CA acts as an effective drug for experimental colitis and maintains proper epithelial barrier functions via suppressing epithelial ER stress, providing new evidence that CA might be a promising therapeutic candidate for UC.