FOREST PATHOLOGICAL MONITORING OF PINE STANDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PERGHAN SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH NATURE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT POLISH NATURE RESERVE
Authors: Levchenko Valeriy , Shulga Igor , Fuchylo Yaroslav , Karpovych Marina , Romanyuk Alla , Belska Olga 
Published: August 2023

The issue of comprehensive forest pathological monitoring of pine stands in centers of mass distribution of root, pine sponge, ordinary and snow Schütte is substantiated. The effectiveness of the practical application of forest pathology monitoring methodologies by classical phytopathological methods is analyzed, as well as a comparative assessment of the proposed and developed methods of forest pathology diagnosis of the disease complex of pine stands of different ages is given. The effectiveness of the practical complex application of modern forestry, phytopathological, taxing, geo-informational drone methods for determining the extent of damage to Scots pine by a complex of diseases, foci of epiphytotia, forecasting their further spread and the possibilities of practical localization in order to prevent the spread of pathologies of pine stands in the conditions of the Pergana nature protection research department was evaluated Polisky nature reserve.The subject of the work is a practical evaluation of the effectiveness of complex forest pathological monitoring of pine stands with signs of their damage by root and pine fungus, common and snow Schütte, as well as their complex damage by diseases of the crown and trunks in the conditions of the nature reserve fund of the Pergana Nature Conservation Scientific Research Department of the Polissky Nature Reserve. Practical studies to determine the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies regarding the possibility of applying silvicultural, phytopathological, taxing, geo-informational and drone monitoring methods for the state of pine forests of the Polissky Nature Reserve. A practical comparison of the results of complex forest pathology monitoring using the proposed methods with those already widely used in practical forest phytopathology, classic methods of assessment, forecasting the probable degree of damage to Scots pine forest stands and the vector of disease spread, including those with signs of mass epiphytoty using the example of nature, was carried out - reserve fund of the Polissky Nature Reserve. Approbation of the proposed forest pathology methods regarding the possibility of their implementation and use in the conditions of both the nature reserve fund and in the forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting and the Central Polissia zone in particular.The aim of the work is a comprehensive comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the methods of forest pathology monitoring proposed by us for the spread of Scots pine diseases in A1-2, B1-2 conditions with already existing, classic phytopathological methodologies for assessing the condition of Scots pine, as well as determining the possibility of their implementation for use in production as in under the conditions of the nature reserve fund, on the example of the Pergana nature protection research department of the Polissky nature reserve, as well as forestry enterprises of both the Zhytomyr regional forestry and hunting management, as well as forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone as a whole.The main methods of conducting research on the study and evaluation of the proposed methodologies of forest pathological monitoring of Scots pine in relation to its damage by pathogens of root fungus, pine fungus, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases of trunks and tree crowns, which were carried out in the conditions of A1-2, B 1-2 of the Pergansk nature reserve of the research department of the Polissky Nature Reserve were:1. Computational and analytical for the collection and processing of research results of our proposed complex and already existing classical methods of forest pathological monitoring of pine stands in forest vegetation conditions A1-2, B1-2 of the Pergansk nature protection scientific and research department of the Polissky nature reserve with different degrees of damage to the root systems, trunks, crowns of trees.2. Conducting complex phytopathological monitoring of forest plantations in the conditions of A1-2, B1-2 of the Pergana Scientific and Research Nature Protection Department of the Polissky Nature Reserve, comparing the results obtained with the results of already existing, generally accepted and recognized methodologies that have been used for a long time for surveying forest plantations and identification of signs of Scots pine diseases, statistical analysis of the obtained results and their comparison with the results using already existing forest pathology methodologies of studies of the phytopathological state of forest plantations.3. Evaluation of the representativeness and objectivity of the obtained research results in relation to all objects of the nature reserve fund, as well as forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone of Ukraine, using the example of the Pergana nature protection scientific research department of the Polissky Nature Reserve.4. Practical testing of the proposed methodologies for assessing the forest pathological condition of Scots pine in both the Polissky Nature Reserve and forestry enterprises in the Central Polissia zone.According to the results of the work, it was established that the methodology of forest pathology monitoring for the spread of pathogens of common pine root fungus, pine fungus, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases of tree trunks and crowns with the use of silvicultural, phytopathological, forest taxa, geo-information and drone methods for assessing the nature of damage to pine stands of Pergansk of the nature conservation scientific research department of the Polissky Nature Reserve will make it possible to determine the sanitary, including phytopathological, condition of common nightshade. It has been established that when applying the proposed method of forest pathology monitoring of Scots pine, it is possible to predict in detail and with high probability the further center of epiphytotypy and the spread of causative agents of Scots pine diseases to other areas of forest use. It was determined that the proposed forest pathology methodology for conducting reconnaissance surveys makes it possible to carry out practical preventive measures to prevent the spread of common pine root sponge, pine sponge, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases of trunks and crowns of trees both in the conditions of the Pergansk Nature Conservation and Research Department of the Polissky Nature Reserve, as well as forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting and forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone in particular.The field of application of research results is the objects of the nature reserve fund, forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting, forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone in order to preserve and protect the common pine from damage by the root sponge of the common pine, pine sponge, common and snow Schütte, of the complex of diseases of trunks and crowns of common pine trees of both the nature reserve fund and forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting, as well as the Central Polissia zone from pathology and epiphytotia in pine stands.The conclusions of the research are that today, due to climate changes in the forest ecosystems of both the Pergana Nature Conservation and Research Department of the Polissky Nature Reserve, as well as the forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone, in particular, such pathogens as pine root fungus, pine fungus, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases of the trunks and crowns of Scots pine trees have become widespread in the form of epiphytophytes, which today leads to the destruction of significant areas of the forest fund both within the boundaries of the Polissky Nature Reserve, the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting, and forestry enterprises of the zone Central Polissia. The proposed methodology of complex forest pathological monitoring, which is conceptually based on the practical application of silvicultural, phytopathological, taxing, geo-informational and drone methods for monitoring damage to pine stands in the conditions of A1-2, B1-2 of the Pergansk nature protection and research department of the Polissky Nature Reserve, will be given in the future it will be possible to carry out operational forest pathological monitoring of pine stands, to implement timely measures to prevent epiphytophytes of pathogens, to reduce the risks of their mass spread in the conditions of the nature reserve fund of the Polissky Nature Reserve, the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting, forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone of Ukraine. In the future, the complex forest pathology methodology for determining the sanitary state of pine plantations will make it possible to timely and effectively predict the foci of occurrence, vectors of spread, the probability of epiphytotia as a separately-taken pathogen, examples of which can be root sponge of common pine, pine sponge, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases trunks and crowns of Scots pine trees, as well as the probability of the occurrence of a specific center in the complex of action of causative agents of Scots pine diseases in symbiosis with trunk pests. The practical use of the method of complex phytopathological monitoring of the state of pine plantations will make it possible to predict and identify the foci of epiphytophytes of causative agents of root sponge, pine sponge, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases of trunks and crowns of pine stands, as well as timely implementation of measures to prevent the spread of causative agents to other territories forest uses and prevent their massive epiphytotyams. The proposed forest pathology methodology for conducting reconnaissance surveys makes it possible to carry out practical preventive measures to prevent the large-scale spread of the common pine root sponge, pine sponge, common and snow Schütte, a complex of diseases of trunks and tree crowns both in the conditions of the Pergansk Nature Conservation Scientific Research Department of the Polissky Nature Reserve, and forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting and forestry enterprises of the Central Polissia zone in particular.Keywords: forest, phytopathology, pathogen, disease, technique, forecast, forestry, taxation, geoinformation and drone monitoring, epiphytoty, protection.