bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State‐feedback adaptive tracking of linear systems with input and state delays
Authors: Mirkin Boris , Mirkin Eugene L. , Gutman Per‐Olof
Published: September 2008

A state‐feedback Lyapunov‐based design of direct model reference adaptive control is developed for a class of linear systems with input and state delays based only on lumped delays without so‐called distributed‐delay blocks. The design procedure is based on the concept of reference trajectory prediction, and on the formulation of an augmented error. We propose a controller parametrization that attempts to anticipate the future states. An appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii type functional is found for the design and the stability analysis. A simulation example illustrates the new controller. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urbanisation in Contemporary China Observed: Dramatic Changes and Disruptions
Authors: Weiwen Huang
Published: September 2008

Shenzhen is one of the fastest‐growing cities in China, having leapt from fishing village to a global city in a matter of a couple of decades. Here Huang Weiwen, the Deputy Director of the Urban and Architecture Department at Shenzhen Municipal Planning Bureau, provides the background to China's unrivalled urbanisation, which is unmatched in terms of both its speed and intensity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Street Life and the ‘People’s City’
Authors: Jian Shi
Published: September 2008

Could large‐scale urban development and an erosion of rights to public space prove the death knoll for China’s vibrant street life? Shi Jian, Planning Director of ISreading Culture in Beijing, looks at the tradition of Chinese street culture and how it is currently shifting and reinventing itself for new urban contexts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐Event Cities
Authors: Wenjun Zhi , Yuyang Liu
Published: September 2008

Planning ‘events’ such as the 19th‐century foreign concessions in the sink ports and the late 20th‐century Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have proved an important catalyst for development in China. Professor Zhi Wenjun, chief editor of Time + Architecture magazine, and architect Liu Yuyang look at how the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo are redefining urbanism in China and raising significant questions about the sustainability of the post‐event city. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into the Role of Oxygen Diffusion in the Sensing Mechanisms of SnO2 Nanowires
Authors: Hernandez‐Ramirez Francisco , Prades Joan Daniel , Tarancon Albert , Barth Sven , Casals Olga , Jimenez‐Diaz Roman , Pellicer Eva , Rodriguez Jordi , Morante Joan Ramon , Juli Miguel Angel , Mathur Sanjay , Romano‐Rodriguez Albert
Published: September 2008

The role of oxygen diffusion in the response of individual SnO2 nanowires to this gas is studied. Different oxygen partial pressures lead to strong changes of their electrical resistance, even at room temperature. Since surface models fail to explain the experimentally observed long‐term resistance transients, it is necessary to make a description of the interaction mechanisms between oxygen species and SnO2 nanowires by taking ion diffusion into account. Our model correctly describes the experimentally measured dependence of the nanowire resistance with oxygen partial pressure, and it can be applied to the characterization of other metal oxide materials.
A Novel Cross‐linked Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for Vascular Grafts
Authors: Chaouat Marc , Le Visage Catherine , Baille Wilms E. , Escoubet Brigitte , Chaubet Frédéric , Mateescu Mircea Alexandru , Letourneur Didier
Published: September 2008

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water‐soluble synthetic polymer with excellent film‐forming, emulsifying, and adhesive properties. The aim of this study is to design a simple process for PVA cross‐linking with sodium trimetaphosphate to form membrane devices suitable for biomedical applications. This procedure requires no organic solvent, nor melting process to obtain films with high mechanical strength. Fabrication of a small diameter tube from a PVA film is easy with a single wrapping step around a Teflon rod. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that, upon removal of the applied stress, the PVA film with a Young's modulus of 2 × 105 kPa returns to its original size and shape. The wall thickness of PVA tubes is 344 ± 13 µm (n = 12), which is close to the wall thickness of a human artery (350–710 µm). Suture retention of a PVA tube is excellent (140 ± 11 g), close to that of human vessels. The burst pressure of PVA tubes is found to be 507 ± 25 mm Hg, more than three times higher than the human healthy systolic arterial pressure. Under arterial pressure, there was no leakage even after needle puncture, contrary to clinical vascular expanded polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses. Finally, PVA tubes of 2 mm in diameter are used to replace a segment of an infrarenal aorta in rats. For at least one week, no mechanical nor thrombotic complications are noticed even in the absence of anticoagulant or antiplatelet treatment. Graft patency is also evidenced with non‐invasive imaging techniques. As a conclusion, this novel cross‐linking method confers to poly(vinyl alcohol) particular mechanical properties such as compliance, elasticity and resistance to mechanical stress, compatible with the circulatory blood flow.
Surface‐Directed Phase Separation of Conjugated Polymer Blends for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yim Keng‐Hoong , Zheng Zijian , Friend Richard H. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Kim Ji‐Seon
Published: September 2008

The ability to control organic‐organic interfaces in conjugated polymer blends is critical for further device improvement. Here, we control the phase separation in blends of poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene‐((4‐sec‐butylphenyl)imino)‐1,4‐phenylene) (TFB) via chemical modification of the substrate by microcontact printing of octenyltrichlorosilane molecules. The lateral phase‐separated structures in the blend film closely replicate the underlying micrometer‐scale chemical pattern. We found nanometer‐scale vertical segregation of the polymers within both lateral domains, with regions closer to the substrate being substantially pure phases of either polymer. Such phase separation has important implications for the performance of light‐emitting diodes fabricated using these patterned blend films. In the absence of a continuous TFB wetting layer at the substrate interface, as typically formed in spin‐coated blend films, charge carrier injection is confined in the well‐defined TFB‐rich domains. This confinement leads to high electroluminescence efficiency, whereas the overall reduction in the roughness of the patterned blend film results in slower decay of device efficiency at high voltages. In addition, the amount of surface out‐coupling of light in the forward direction observed in these blend devices is found to be strongly correlated to the distribution of periodicity of the phase‐separated structures in the active layer.
Sequential Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Amines with o‐Acetylenyl‐Substituted Phenyldiazoacetates
Authors: Peng Cheng , Cheng Jiajia , Wang Jianbo
Published: September 2008

A highly efficient, tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate [Cu(MeCN)4PF6]‐catalyzed tandem Cu(I)‐carbene NH insertion/Cu(I)‐catalyzed hydroamination of alkynes, which leads to sequential formation of two CN bonds to yield isoindole derivatives, has been developed.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones in Water using a Polymer‐Supported Chiral Catalyst Containing a Hydrophilic Pendant Group
Authors: Arakawa Yukihiro , Chiba Atsuko , Haraguchi Naoki , Itsuno Shinichi
Published: September 2008

Hydrophilic polymers having pendant groups of carboxylates or sulfonates have been used as a polymer support for chiral 1,2‐diamine monosulfonamides. The polymeric chiral complex prepared from the polymer‐supported chiral ligand with ruthenium dichloride⋅p‐cymene was used in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones in water. The balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the polymer support influenced both the reactivity and the enantioselectivity of the reaction in water. The chiral polymeric complex having a quaternary ammonium salt structure as the pendant group worked well in water. In most cases the polymer‐supported catalyst having a quaternary ammonium sulfonate pendant group showed superior enantioselectivity compared to the corresponding non‐supported model catalyst in the solution system. The polymeric catalysts can be reused without loss of catalytic activity.
Perfluorocarbon Soluble Crown Ethers as Phase Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Pozzi Gianluca , Quici Silvio , Fish Richard H.
Published: September 2008

Fluorous derivatives of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 ether were readily prepared by means of metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, and then successfully applied as catalysts in representative solid‐liquid phase transfer catalysis (PTC) reactions, which were performed in standard organic solvents, such as chlorobenzene and toluene, and also in fluorous solvents, such as perfluoro‐1,3‐dimethylcyclohexane (PFDMC). It was clearly shown that properly designed fluoroponytailed crown ethers can promote the disintegration of the crystal lattice of alkali salts and transfer anions from the solid surface into an apolar, non‐coordinating perfluorocarbon phase. Far from being a simple chemical curiosity, this unprecedented observation has relevant implications in the design of PTC scenarios of wide applicability. This new paradigm represents an advance in crown ether chemistry, and their use as recyclable phase transfer catalysts.
Catalytic Synthesis of Indoles from Alkynes
Authors: Krüger (née Alex) Karolin , Tillack Annegret , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2008

In the past decade alkynes have become attractive starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of indole derivatives. This review summarizes the development of diverse homogeneous catalytic methods for the synthesis of indoles from alkynes and different N nucleophiles such as arylhydrazines, aniline derivatives, aryl isonitriles and nitroarenes.
Kommentar zu “Homoleptische Silber(I)‐Acetylen‐Komplexe”
Authors: Krapp Andreas , Frenking Gernot
Published: September 2008

In einer kürzlich erschienenen Veröffentlichung berichteten Krossing, Scherer und Mitarbeiter über interessante experimentelle Ergebnisse zu homoleptischen AgI‐Acetylen‐Komplexen. Diese Korrespondenz hinterfragt die Interpretation der Röntgenstrukturanalyse und die Behauptung von „Pseudo‐Gasphasenbedingungen“ in kondensierter Phase.
Reply
Authors: Himmel Daniel , Trapp Nils , Krossing Ingo , Altmannshofer Sandra , Herz Verena , Eickerling Georg , Scherer Wolfgang
Published: September 2008

The comments of Krapp and Frenking are acknowledged, however, it is proposed that a detailed description of the nature of the metal–ligand bonding in the AgI acetylene complexes has to consider orbital interactions, in contrast to the electrostatic picture drawn by Krapp and Frenking.
Metallic Li in carbonaceous nanotubes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition from a metalorganic precursor
Authors: Das Mahua , Bittencourt C. , Pireaux J‐J , Shivashankar S. A.
Published: September 2008

Metallic Li in carbonaceous nanostructures was obtained in high concentration (as much as 33.4%) through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition involving certain lithium–aminoalkyl moieties, which are formed in situ, by decomposition of a precursor containing both cobalt and lithium. The bimetallic complex containing both lithium and cobalt was characterized by IR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements performed on the as‐grown films demonstrate that lithium can be stable in metallic form in such a film. Results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the as‐grown films are presented as direct evidence of the formation and stabilization of metallic lithium in carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes, encapsulating metallic lithium, can potentially act as a miniaturized nanobattery. Such a battery would be potentially useful in the next generation of communication and remote sensing devices, where a pulse of current is required for their operation. In addition, with metallic lithium, having an effective nuclear magnetic moment, such materials can be envisioned to show potential applications in devices based on nuclear magnetic resonances. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estuarine eutrophication in the UK: current incidence and future trends
Authors: Maier Gerald , Nimmo‐Smith Rebecca J. , Glegg Gillian A. , Tappin Alan D. , Worsfold Paul J.
Published: September 2008

Increased inputs of nutrients to estuaries can lead to undesirable effects associated with eutrophication, including algal blooms, changes in species composition and bottom anoxia. Several estuaries and coastal areas around the UK have increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, elevated concentrations of chlorophyll a and changes in algal community composition and abundance. This paper reviews the pressures that lead to high nutrient concentrations in estuaries and considers the likely effectiveness of current and proposed regulatory actions.

The main sources of nutrients to estuaries are river runoff, sewage discharges, atmospheric inputs and possibly submarine groundwater discharges, although little is known about the latter. Significant reductions in N and P inputs have been realized following application of the EU's Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. Atmospheric NOx and NHx emissions have also decreased and are expected to decrease further in the next decade as implementation of existing legislation continues, and new controls are introduced for activities such as shipping.

Agricultural inputs reach estuaries principally through diffuse sources, either in surface water (and in some areas possibly groundwater) or, for N, via the atmosphere. Over 10 years ago the Nitrates Directive was introduced to tackle the problem of N discharges from agriculture but little change in N loads to estuaries has been recorded.

To meet the aims of the EU Water Framework Directive, for at least ‘good’ ecological status, more rigorous application and implementation of the Nitrates Directive, together with changes in the Common Agriculture Policy and farming practice are likely to be needed. Even then, the slow response of the natural environment to change and the inherent variability of estuaries means that their responses may not be as predicted. Research is needed into the relationship between policy drivers and environmental responses to ensure actions taken will achieve the planned results.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises 6.1 “Geotechnik der Deponiebauwerke” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. (DGGT)
Authors: Witt Karl Josef , Ramke Hans‐Günter
Published: September 2008

Der Arbeitskreis “Geotechnik der Deponiebauwerke” hat in den Empfehlungsgruppen E 1 bis E 5 bisher 76 Empfehlungen veröffentlicht. Die jährliche Publikation wird fortgesetzt durch eine grundlegend überarbeitete Fassung der zuletzt im Jahre 1998 erschienenen Empfehlung E 2‐7 “Gleitsicherheit der Abdichtungssysteme”. In die grundlegende Überarbeitung sind die Erfahrungen aus jüngeren Schadensfällen und die mittlerweile verpflichtende Nachweismethode mit Teil sicherheitsbeiwerten nach DIN 1054 eingeflossen.
Hydraulischer Grundbruch: neue Erkenntnisse
Authors: Odenwald Bernhard , Herten Markus
Published: September 2008

Der Beitrag beinhaltet die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen zum Nachweis gegen hydraulischen Grundbruch bei unterströmten, relativ gering in den Untergrund einbindenden Wänden mit baugrubenseitigem Auflastfilter. Auf Grundlage von numerischen Grundwasserströmungsberechnungen wird dargestellt, dass sich in diesem Fall unterhalb des Wandfußes signifikante, vertikale Strömungsanteile ergeben, die beim Nachweis gegen hydraulischen Grundbruch berücksichtigt werden müssen. Zur Ermittlung der erforderlichen Höhe des Auflastfilters in Abhängigkeit vom Wandabstand wird ein auf der Strömungsberechnung basierendes Verfahren vorgestellt und mit den bisher verwendeten Berechnungsansätzen verglichen. Weiterhin wird die Berücksichtigung von Sicherheiten nach DIN 1054 sowie von Reibungskräften innerhalb des Auflastfilters auf Grundlage dieses Verfahrens erläutert.
Sanierung der Felseremitage Bretzenheim a.d. Nahe
Authors: Jahnel Christian , Meier Jürgen , Sachtleben Volker
Published: September 2008

Die Felseremitage in Bretzenheim/Nahe liegt ca. 5 km nördlich von Bad Kreuznach am südlichen Talhang des Guldenbachtals. Seit den 60‐er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts wurde an dem historischen Bauwerk eine fortschreitende Standsicherheitsgefährdung durch Verwitterungsprozesse und Bewegungen von Großkluftkörpern beobachtet. Die erforderliche Sanierung erfolgte durch Verankerung mit vorgespannten Dauerankern im Jahre 1997. An der Sanierungsplanung hat der Arbeitskreis “Geotechnik historischer Bauwerke und Naturdenkmäler” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik beratend mitgewirkt. Mittels Verformungsmessungen wurden die Sanierungsmaßnahmen bis in das Jahr 2007 kontrolliert.
A novel biosensor for bovine serum albumin based on fluorescent self‐assembled sandwich bilayers
Authors: Sun Xiangying , Liu Bin , He Fei
Published: September 2008

Fluorescent dyes butyl rhodamine B were assembled via a dl‐cystenine intermediate onto quartz wafers whose surface had first adsorbed gold nanoparticles. Hence self‐assembled sandwich bilayers with nanocomposite structure were constructed which can be used as a biosensor for bovine serum albumin. The biosensor‐based self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are regenerable and have high sensitivity, five orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk solution phase sensing. The effects of existing forms of dyes on the fluorescence spectra of bilayers in the presence of bovine serum albumin were investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the enhancement of a new chemiluminescence reaction and its application to determination of β‐lactam antibiotics
Authors: Sorouraddin M. H. , Iranifam M. , Imani‐Nabiyyi A.
Published: September 2008

An enhanced thiosemicarbazide(TSC)–H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) system was established and proposed as a new analytical method for determination of β‐lactam antibiotics, ampicillin sodium and amoxicillin at microgram levels. The method is based on the inhibition of CL emission accompanying oxidation of TSC by H2O2 in alkaline medium. The effect of anionic, cationic, and non‐ionic surfactants on the CL emission of the system was studied. Both N‐cetyl‐N,N,N‐trimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) and Triton X‐100, unlike sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), reinforced the CL intensity and were efficient to approximately the same level. The effect of the presence of eight non‐aqueous solvents on the CL system was also investigated. Upon addition of both of the non‐ionic surfactant, Triton X‐100, and the non‐aqueous solvent, N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), the intensity of the CL reaction was increased 100‐fold. This method allows the measurement of 25–545 µg amoxicillin, and 35–350 µg ampicillin sodium. The detection limits are 8 µg for amoxicillin and 9 µg for ampicillin sodium. The relative standard deviations of six replicate measurements of 200 µg amoxicillin and 200 µg ampicillin sodium were 1.9 and 2.1%, respectively. The effect of foreign species on the determination of amoxicillin and ampicillin sodium was also examined. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ampicillin sodium and amoxicillin in some pharmaceutical dosage forms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of methionine residue at hydrophobic core destabilizes p53 tetrameric structure
Authors: Nomura Takao , Kamada Rui , Ito Issaku , Chuman Yoshiro , Shimohigashi Yasuyuki , Sakaguchi Kazuyasu
Published: September 2008

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a tetrameric phosphoprotein that induces cell cycle, development, and differentiation by regulating the expression of target genes. The tetramerization of p53 is essential for its tumor suppressor functions. It has been known that oxidation of proteins affects their structure and function. A methionine residue (Met340) is located at the hydrophobic core in p53 tetramerization domain. Here, we demonstrated that Met340 residue can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide under oxidative conditions and investigated effects of the oxidation of p53 tetramerization domain on its stability and oligomerization state by CD measurement and gel filtration. The oxidation of Met340 drastically induced destabilization of the p53 tetramer by 22.8 kJ/mol of ΔΔGTm, while retaining the identical conformation as that of the wild‐type peptide. Trypsin digestion experiments also showed that oxidation of Met340 allowed the peptide to form locally loose structure and become more sensitive to enzyme degradation. The tetrameric structure may be destabilized because the oxidation of Met340 induces charge repulsion and/or steric hindrance between the sulfoxide groups. These results taken together suggested that oxidation of methionine residues in the p53 protein might be one of the inactivation mechanisms of p53 transcriptional function under conditions of oxidative stress. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 78–84, 2009.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Betaine structure and the presence of hydroxyl groups alters the effects on DNA melting temperatures
Authors: Vasudevamurthy Madhusudan K. , Lever Michael , George Peter M. , Morison Ken R.
Published: September 2008

Betaine lowers the melting temperature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and decreases its dependence on base composition. The effects of synthetic betaine analogs on the melting of DNA samples with different GC content were measured. Since many polyhydroxy compounds also lower DNA melting temperatures, hydroxyl‐substituted betaine analogs were included. Some synthetic sulfonate analogs of betaine lowered the DNA melting temperatures by twice as much at the same molar concentration. They were up to twice as effective at decreasing the base pair dependence. Some carboxylate homologs of betaine, substituted with hydroxyl groups, increased the melting temperature. This effect was greater with low GC content DNA. Sulfonate analogs of betaine with hydroxyl groups usually destabilize the DNA, while their carboxylate analogs stabilize the DNA. Distances between the charges of these synthetic zwitterionic solutes influence the effect on DNA, with the optimum separation being two or three methylene groups. A betaine with two hydroxyl groups on one N‐alkyl group had a greater effect than an isomer with two hydroxyl groups on separate N‐alkyl substituents. We suggest that the effect of these solutes depends on structuring the hydration water of DNA, as well as interactions with the DNA structure itself. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 85–94, 2009.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Presentations of psychosis with violence: variations in different jurisdictions. A comparison of patients with psychosis in the high security hospitals of Scotland and England
Authors: Taylor Pamela J. , Hill Jon , Bhagwagar Zubin , Darjee Rajan , Thomson Lindsay D. G.
Published: September 2008

Background

International literature is consistent on there being a significant relationship between psychosis and violence, less so on its extent and nature, but two main presentational types are increasingly recognized. In one, people are unremarkable before onset of illness and psychotic symptoms commonly drive violence; in the other, psychosis is preceded by childhood conduct problems, associated with personality disorder, and psychotic symptoms seem less relevant.

Aims

To explore the extent to which variations in aspects of social and service context in different jurisdictions affect presentational type among people admitted to high security hospitals.

Hypotheses

There will be differences between jurisdictions in proportions of patients with pure psychosis or with psychosis and antecedent personality disorder, but symptom drive to violence will be more common in the pure psychosis group regardless of social, legal and service context.

Method

Independently conducted record studies were used to compare high security hospital patients with psychosis in Scotland and England, all resident between 25 August 1992 and 13 August 1993.

Results

The cohorts were similar in offence histories, predominance of schizophrenia, age at first hospitalization for psychosis and first high security hospitalization. More Scottish patients had co‐morbid substance misuse diagnoses and/or personality disorder than patients in England. Psychotic symptom drive to the index offence was, however, four times more likely in the pure psychosis groups, regardless of sex, ethnic group or country. Scottish patients spent less time in high security after the index act.

Conclusions

Our hypotheses were sustained. Knowledge about lifestyle before onset of psychosis is important for interpreting literature on how psychotic symptoms relate to violence. This may also influence longer term outcome, although the shorter length of secure hospital stay in Scotland was perhaps affected more by greater availability of open ‘step‐down’ beds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Crystallization Parameters for the Synthesis of Germanosilicate with UTL Topology
Authors: Shvets Oleksiy V. , Zukal Arnošt , Kasian Natalia , Žilková Naděžda , Čejka Jiří
Published: September 2008

The investigation of the critical synthesis parameters of germanosilicate of UTL topology, possessing 14‐ and 12‐rings, has been carried out in detail. (6R,10S)‐6,10‐Dimethyl‐5‐azoniaspiro[4.5]decane hydroxide was used as the structure‐directing agent (SDA). The kinetics of the synthesis, the role of the Si/Ge ratio in the synthesis mixture, and the effect of the calcination procedure were investigated in relation to the crystallinity and textural properties of the synthesized material. The optimum synthesis time was found to be six days for Si/Ge and (Si+Ge)/SDA molar ratios of 2 and 1.7, respectively. The UTL zeolite crystallizes as small sheets of 10 μm in size. The micropore volume of the best crystals is 0.22 cm3 g−1 with a micropore diameter of 1.05 nm, based on DFT and Saito–Foley analyses of adsorption data.
Reactivity of the 4‐Amino‐5H‐1,2‐Oxathiole‐2,2‐Dioxide Heterocyclic System: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: de Castro Sonia , Peromingo M. Teresa , Lozano Angel E. , Camarasa María‐José , Velázquez Sonsoles
Published: September 2008

The reactivity of the 4‐amino‐5H‐1,2‐oxathiole‐2,2‐dioxide (or β‐amino‐γ‐sultone) heterocyclic system has scarcely been studied. Here we describe the reactivity of this system towards electrophiles and amines on readily available model substrates differently substituted at the C‐5 position. A variety of C‐electrophiles, carbonyl electrophiles (such as acyl chlorides, isocyanates, or aldehydes) and halogen or nitrogen electrophiles have been explored. Both the C‐3 and 4‐amino positions of the β‐amino‐γ‐sultone system are able to undergo electrophilic reactions, and the reaction products depend on the electrophile used and on the reaction conditions. On the other hand, nucleophilic attack of amines occurs at the C‐4 position of the β‐amino‐γ‐sultone system only in spiranic substrates bearing alicyclic substituents at the C‐5 position. A comparative computational study between spiranic and non‐spiranic substrates suggests that conformational changes, undergone on intermediate compounds, account for the observed reactivity differences. Moreover, these conformational changes seem to bring about an increase of electron density on the N‐4 and C‐3 atoms of the enaminic system, and a possible enhancement in the reactivity of spiranic substrates towards electrophiles in the presence of amines. Experimental data consistent with this predicted enhanced reactivity is also presented.
Synthesis of Substituted Phenols by Using the Ring‐Closing Metathesis/Isoaromatization Approach
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Narui Rintaro , Imamoto Tsuneo
Published: September 2008

Ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM) of 4‐methylene‐1,7‐octadien‐3‐ones 2, followed by isomerization of the carboncarbon double bond of 6‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexenones 3 from exo to endo, produced various phenols 4. As an application of the method, the RCM/Mizoroki–Heck reaction of 2 was proven to be also effective for the synthesis of phenols having an additional substituent at ortho‐benzylic position.
Counterion Effect on the Spin‐Transition Properties of the Cation [Fe(btzx)3]2+ (btzx=m‐Xylylenebis(tetrazole))
Authors: Quesada Manuel , Prins Ferry , Bill Eckhard , Kooijman Huub , Gamez Patrick , Roubeau Olivier , Spek Anthony L. , Haasnoot Jaap G. , Reedijk Jan
Published: September 2008

The influence of the counteranion on the structure and the spin‐transition properties of original 1D bis(tetrazole) FeII systems, namely [Fe(btzx)3]X2 (X=PF6− (1), CF3SO3− (2) and ClO4− (3); btzx=m‐xylylenebis(tetrazole)) is studied. The X‐ray crystal structures of compounds 1 and 2 are described in detail. These structures present a solvent molecule encapsulated within pockets formed by btzx ligands along the 1D coordination chains. Compound 2 is shown to be the first structurally characterised alternating HS–LS 1D spin‐transition system (HS=high spin, LS=low spin). The magnetic susceptibility measurements of all three compounds are compared. The degree of completion and the transition temperature are both drastically influenced by the counterion used, while surprisingly, the cooperative nature of the transition is not affected by the choice of counterion. Compounds 1 and 2 are further studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and their distinct LIESST properties are compared.
Self‐Assembly of Alkyl‐Substituted Cubic Siloxane Cages into Ordered Hybrid Materials
Authors: Shimojima Atsushi , Goto Ryota , Atsumi Norimasa , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: September 2008

Siloxane‐organic hybrids with well‐ordered mesostructures were synthesized through the self‐assembly of novel amphiphilic molecules that consist of cubic siloxane heads and hydrophobic alkyl tails. The monoalkyl precursors functionalized with ethoxy groups (CnH2n+1Si8O12(OEt)7, 1 Cn, n=16, 18, and 20) were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions with the retention of the siloxane cages, leading to the formation of two‐dimensional hexagonal phases by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly processes. Analysis of the solid‐state 29Si MAS NMR spectra of these hybrid mesostructures confirmed that the cubic siloxane units were cross‐linked to form siloxane networks. Calcination of these hybrids gave mesoporous silica, the pore diameter of which varied depending on the alkyl‐chain length. We also found that the precursors that had two alkyl chains formed lamellar phases, thus confirming that the number of alkyl chains per cage had a strong influence on the mesostructures. These results expand the design possibility of novel nanohybrid and nanoporous materials through the self‐assembly of well‐defined oligosiloxane‐based precursors.
Elusive Trimethyllanthanum: Snapshots of Extensive Methyl Group Degradation in LaAl Heterobimetallic Complexes
Authors: Gerber Laura C. H. , Le Roux Erwan , Törnroos Karl W. , Anwander Reiner
Published: September 2008

Reactions of [La(AlMe4)3] and [Y(AlMe4)3] with PMe3 show that the phosphine can cleave LnCH3Al linkages, separating Me3Al(PMe3). PMe3 (3 mol equiv) reacts with [Y(AlMe4)3] to give [(YMe3)n] contaminated with by‐products containing phosphorus and aluminum. The La‐based analog, [(LaMe3)n], is not formed selectively from the reaction of [La(AlMe4)3] with PMe3 or Et2O, which rather yields insoluble La/Al heterobimetallic products. Three multi‐nuclear La‐based clusters were obtained from a reaction of [La(AlMe4)3] with PMe3 (1 equiv) and identified by X‐ray structure analyses. Each cluster exhibits extensive methyl group degradation and contains methylene, methine, or carbide moieties. [La4Al8(CH)4(CH2)2(CH3)20(PMe3)] has a {La4(CH)4} cuboid core supported by AlMe3, Me2AlCH2AlMe2, and PMe3 ligands. [La4Al8(C)(CH)2(CH2)2(CH3)22(toluene)] also contains a cuboid core, {La3Al(C)(CH)2(CH2)}, which includes one exo cubic lanthanum atom, and is supported by AlMe3, Me3AlCH2AlMe2, (AlMe4)−, and toluene ligands. The lanthanum atoms in [La5Al9(CH)6(CH3)30] are arranged in a trigonal bipyramidal fashion with (CH) functionalities capping each face. The {La5(CH)6}3− core is formally balanced by three AlMe2+ moieties and is additionally supported by six AlMe3 ligands. The unit cell contains two independent La5 clusters, one with pseudo‐C3h and the other with pseudo‐D3 symmetry, as well as two molecules of the separation co‐product Me3Al(PMe3).
Hybrid Host–Guest Complexes: Directing the Supramolecular Structure through Secondary Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Streb Carsten , McGlone Thomas , Brücher Oliver , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: September 2008

A set of four hybrid host–guest complexes based on the inorganic crown ether analogue [H12W36O120]12− ({W36}) have been isolated and characterised. The cluster anion features a central rigid binding site made up of six terminal oxygen ligands and this motif allows the selective binding of a range of alkali and alkali‐earth‐metal cations. Here, the binding site was utilised to functionalise the metal oxide‐based cavity by complexing a range of protonated primary amines within the recognition site. As a result, a set of four hybrid organic–inorganic host–guest complexes were obtained whereby the interactions are highly directed specifically within this cavity. The guest cations in these molecular assemblies range from the aromatic 2‐phenethylamine (1) and 4‐phenylbutylamine (2) to the bifunctional aromatic p‐xylylene diamine (3) and the aliphatic, bifunctional 1,6‐diaminohexane (4). Compounds 1–4 were structurally characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, FTIR and bond valence sum calculations. This comparative study focuses on the supramolecular effects of the amine guest cations and investigates their structure‐directing effects on the framework arrangement arising by locking the protonated amines within the cavity of the {W36} cluster. It was shown that parts of the organic guest cation protrude from the central binding cavity and the nature of this protruding organic “tail” directs the solid‐state arrangement of compounds 1–4. Guest cations with a hydrophobic phenyl tail result in an antiparallel assembly of {W36} complexes arranged in a series of pillared layers. As a consequence, no direct supramolecular interactions between {W36} clusters are observed. In contrast, bifunctional guest cations with a secondary amino binding site act as molecular connectors and directly link two cluster units thus locking the supramolecular assembly in a tilted arrangement. This direct linking of {W36} anions results in the formation of an infinite supramolecular scaffold.
Highly Stereoselective Iodolactonization of 4,5‐Allenoic Acids—An Efficient Synthesis of 5‐(1′‐Iodo‐1′(Z)‐alkenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐2(3H)‐furanones
Authors: Jiang Xinpeng , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: September 2008

In this paper, it is reported that the efficient iodolactonization of 4,5‐allenoic acid with I2 in cyclohexane in the presence or absence of K2CO3 afforded 5‐(1′‐iodo‐1′(Z)‐alkenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐2(3H)‐furanones highly stereoselectively. However, the reaction of axially optically active 4,5‐allenoic acids (R)‐(−)‐5 a and (R)‐(−)‐5 b with I2 afforded the corresponding products with a serious loss of chirality. This problem was solved by conducting the iodolactonization with N‐iodosuccinimide in CH2Cl2 in the presence of Cs2CO3; however, the Z/E selectivity is somewhat lower. The pure optically active Z products were prepared by subsequent kinetic resolution with Sonogashira coupling. The reaction of the substrates with a substituent at the 3‐position of the starting 4,5‐allenoic acids afforded the trans‐4,5‐disubstituted γ‐butyrolactones as the only products. The reaction of the 4,5‐allenoic acids (S)‐(+)‐1 l, (R)‐(−)‐1 l, and (S)‐(+)‐1 m with a center chirality at the 3‐position afforded the trans products with very high enantiopurity and up to 98:2 Z/E selectivity regardless of the axial chirality of the allene moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: A Potential Red Phosphor ZnMoO4:Eu3+ for Light‐Emitting Diode Application.
Authors: Zhou Li‐Ya , Wei Jian‐She , Gong Fu‐Zhong , Huang Jun‐Li , Yi Ling‐Hong
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Relationship Between Interlayer Hydration and Photocatalytic Water Splitting of A′1‐xNaxCa2Ta3O10 ×nH2O (A′: K and Li).
Authors: Mitsuyama Tomohiro , Tsutsumi Akiko , Sato Sakiko , Ikeue Keita , Machida Masato
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lanthanide Fluorides LnF3 (Ln: La to Lu) Nano‐/Microcrystals with Multiform Structures and Morphologies.
Authors: Li Chunxia , Yang Jun , Yang Piaoping , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Behavior of Mixed Metal Leucophosphite.
Authors: Shi Fa‐Nian , dos Santos Antonio Moreira , Cunha‐Silva Luis , Costa Benilde F. O. , Klinowski Jacek , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Amaral Vitor S. , Rocha Joao , Trindade Tito
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Copper Cyanide Complexes via the Transformation of Organonitrile to Inorganic Cyanide.
Authors: Deng Hong , Qiu Yongcai , Daiguebonne Carole , Kerbellec Nicolas , Guillou Olivier , Zeller Matthias , Batten Stuart R.
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Promoted Iodovinylation of Amides: Synthesis of β‐Functionalized Enamides.
Authors: Sanapo Gabriel F. , Daoust Benoit
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Triflates with Primary Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Wang Shifa , Zhang Aijun
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction with Ketones.
Authors: Fernandez‐Ibanez M. Angeles , Macia Beatriz , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Reduction of β,β‐Disubstituted Aromatic Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Clostridium sporogenes.
Authors: Fryszkowska Anna , Fisher Karl , Gardiner John M. , Stephens Gill M.
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure 1,5‐Diols from Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation. Useful Synthetic Intermediates for the Preparation of Chiral Heterocycles.
Authors: Leijondahl Karin , Boren Linnea , Braun Roland , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐TBS‐N‐Tosylhydroxylamine: A Reagent for Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Oximes.
Authors: Kitahara Katsushi , Toma Tatsuya , Shimokawa Jun , Fukuyama Tohru
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Nitrocyclopropanation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Vesely Jan , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Cordova Armando
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of β,γ‐Alkynyl α‐Imino Esters by a Broensted Acid.
Authors: Kang Qiang , Zhao Zhuo‐An , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Irradiated Transition‐Metal Catalysis: Rapid and Efficient Dehydrative Carbon—Carbon Coupling of Alcohols with Active Methylenes.
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Yasuda Makoto , Tsukahara Yasunori , Yamauchi Tomohisa , Wada Yuji , Baba Akio
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylation of Arenes Through FeCl3‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Reaction via C—O Activation of Benzyl Ether.
Authors: Wang Bi‐Qin , Xiang Shi‐Kai , Sun Zuo‐Peng , Guan Bing‐Tao , Hu Ping , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nb(salan)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Approach to Highly Functionalized Benzo[b]furans from Phenols and Aryl Iodides via Aryl Propargyl Ethers.
Authors: Lingam V. S. Prasada Rao , Vinodkumar Ramanatham , Mukkanti Khagga , Thomas Abraham , Gopalan Balasubramanian
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical Transformation of 2‐Iodomethyl‐1‐(phenylmethyl)‐1,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindol‐4‐ones.
Authors: Mphahlele Malose J. , El‐Gogary Tarek M.
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Nitrophenyl Isocyanide as a Versatile Convertible Isocyanide: Rapid Access to a Fused γ‐Lactam β‐Lactone Bicycle.
Authors: Gilley Cynthia B. , Kobayashi Yoshihisa
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Pyrazol‐4‐aryl‐thiazoles in a Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Nalajam Guravaiah , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Route to Imidazo[1,2‐a]quinolines via a Domino Reaction.
Authors: Iminov Rustam T. , Tverdokhlebov Anton V. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Kostyuk Alexander N. , Chernega Alexander N. , Rusanov Eduard B.
Published: September 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.