bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interplay Between Health Promotion, Health Education, and Instructional Design
Authors: Tamim Suha R.
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of health education. Although health education theories and models are many, the chapter focuses on the most popular four: the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior, the transtheoretical model of change, and the social cognitive theory. These models are explained through a scenario that highlights determinants of health behavior and how they can be used by health educators to plan behavioral change. The chapter continues with basic instructional design principles that guide the development of health education interventions, stressing the interplay between health education and instructional design. Lastly, the chapter ends with a brief synopsis of two widely used health education planning models, PRECEED-PROCEDE and intervention mapping, to provide a systems perspective to health education interventions.
Methadone Referrals Demystified
Authors: Sims Katarzyna M. , Brooks Ralph , Nichols Lisa , Wegener Maximilian D. , Villanueva Merceditas S.
Published: May 2022

This chapter considers social constructivism as an educational theory for the development of multimedia content to assist primary-care providers, particularly those in HIV clinics and other clinicians, and support staff involved in the care of patients with substance use disorders in better understanding the intake processes at the Methadone clinics. Main aspects of social constructivism with its focus on the collaborative and generative learning and the importance of a cultural and social context are elaborated within the framework of the multimedia design. A series of four videos were developed that feature interviews with patients who describe their experience on Methadone. In addition, medical providers and medical staff describe the intake procedures for Methadone. Also discussed is the instructional design process and the Bergman and Moore instructional design model that informed the design.
Leveraging Instructional Technology to Design Diverse Learning Experiences Through Collaborative Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Giraldo Jessica Andrea , Lemus-Martinez Samantha Marina , Campusano Garamis E.
Published: May 2022

Medical educators often receive minimal formal pedagogical and technological training. The COVID-19 pandemic made this gap even more apparent, necessitating the development of a multidisciplinary team approach to design and implement quality online learning interactions. The team is composed of faculty development and instructional design personnel, who are positioned to provide the pedagogical, technological, and theoretical expertise and guidance on how to design and develop diverse digital learning experiences. This team works within an iterative, development process that encourages collaboration by assisting faculty in shifting from lecture-based instruction to active learning, providing medical educators a form of reverse faculty development by engaging medical students as co-curriculum constructors, informing faculty regarding the implications of cognitive load and the science of learning, and cultivating positive experiences for faculty when working with the multidisciplinary team that encourages future repeated engagement.
Advising Pre-Veterinary Students for the 21st Century
Authors: Fischer Bernard M. , Trivedi Shweta , Pelzer Jacque , Dabdub Diana
Published: May 2022

The American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges has observed a steady increase of 5-6% in the number of veterinary applicants in the past five years. While the pre-veterinary student population is variable at institutions based on the presence or absence of a veterinary school, there is a need for advising resources for these students. In addition, pre-health advisors may not be familiar with resources available for pre-veterinary advising. Veterinarians serve society in areas above and beyond clinical practice, such as public health, homeland security, and international public health initiatives, along with wildlife and environmental stewardship. Therefore, pre-health advisors must have the tools to be able to advise pre-veterinary students. This chapter aims to enable pre-health advisors to have the necessary tools to advise pre-veterinary students and know what resources are available to assist them.
Supporting Pre-Health Students Experiencing Immigrant Parental Pressure and Transcultural Stressors
Authors: Matzko Jessica , Kehn Alicia
Published: May 2022

Although many pre-health students navigate stressors related to parental expectations, students whose parents identify as first-, second-, or third-generation immigrants face distinctive forms of pressure tied to culture, community, and trauma. Rather than rely on conversation directives that center fairness and individual freedoms over family, advisors must seek to understand and acknowledge the source of parental pressure in ways that avoid invalidating students' cultures and values. Student support and advisement can be improved through a multi-faceted approach that expands advisors' knowledge, awareness, and resources. In recognition of professional barriers and limitations, advisors must also become skilled in identifying and gently guiding advisees to appropriate resources that can address their whole person development.
Impact of Online Management Education
Authors: Gudimetla Satya Sekhar Venkata
Published: May 2022

This study explores the perspectives of students currently pursuing full-time management programs who are facing severe pandemic situation across the world. Students who are pursuing management education through universities that follow traditional methods may not be able to provide academic support compared to B-Schools. Conversely, leading business schools adopted the latest techniques in all areas of management education. Irrespective of methodology, no academic institution should compromise academic quality, as doing so would have far reaching consequences. Keeping in view of the situation during the last academic year, 2020-21, this chapter intends to draw the attention of stakeholders about the opinions of prospect managers in India. The objectives are 1) to make a comparative study of the perspectives of students pursuing full-time graduate programs in management offered at either universities or B-Schools and 2) to understand the psychological impact of online education in the students pursuing management programs.
Peace Development
Authors: Campbell Andrew H. , Nwosu Ambassador Felix Obirieze
Published: May 2022

This chapter is a theoretical examination of the underlying root cause of intrastate conflict. Next, the authors argue that well-developed conflict management competency intrastate and peace development leaders are strategic enablers when executing conflict prevention, conflict management, and conflict resolution processes. It is important to note that resolving conflict requires leaders with the competency to manage conflict management in an emotionally charged adversarial relationship. The reason is that during tense confrontations between parties, a dysfunctional strategy in resolving the conflict resolution by a leader frequently causes irreversible damage. Finally, they advocate raising a new generation of leaders through primary and secondary education that over time will change the narrative across different sectors with the mindset of promoting peace and unity. This research contributes both to leadership and conflict management fields of study by reconceptualizing and integrating tenets of both disciples as a foundation for leading conflict resolution activities.
We Must Talk Before We Walk
Authors: Bayard Aleen
Published: May 2022

This chapter relies on the author's findings from a qualitative grounded theory study of six peacebuilding organizations. The goal was to provide peace leaders with additional tools and strategies to support efforts to improve conditions on the ground in areas racked by politically driven conflict. This research was focused on how and why specific interventions motivate and equip individuals to reconcile with their perceived adversaries as part of a larger process of peacebuilding. Two main themes emerged, the power of dialogue and contact as mechanisms to challenge the deeply entrenched narratives perpetuating the conflict. These findings suggest peace leaders may need to pay closer attention to helping individuals learn to make peace with their own stories and perceptions of the other as a necessary step towards sustainable co-existence with individuals who have been considered their enemies.
Educating for Peace in Hiroshima Global Academy
Authors: Inugai Dixon Carol Ann
Published: May 2022

How can education and curriculum creation nurture holistic wellbeing and peace? A consideration of such a broad question as this necessitates the complicated conversations that Pinar suggests curriculum creation is, along with a bricolage approach that Kincheloe suggests for the inclusion of diverse perspectives, of which there are many in educational discourse. This chapter intends to be a contribution to those complicated conversations, bringing a bricolage of insights from diverse voices, representing multiple perspectives, which hopefully, if synergized, might positively influence the direction of education. After a consideration of the broad context of the human condition, how we have been living with a fragmented world view, and how we might reconceptualize it holistically for integration, the chapter goes on to briefly describe curriculum initiatives in a school in Japan, Hiroshima Global Academy (HiGA). Inspired by the ideas presented here, HiGA is in the process of creating and implementing a curriculum for holistic wellbeing and peace.
Peace Leadership and Indigenous Ways of Knowing
Authors: Higgins Parker Lorelei
Published: May 2022

The complexity of peace leadership requires an interconnected approach, with a focus on the interrelated whole. Indigenous ways of knowing offer a foundation integral to the evolution of the understanding of peace leadership and its practical implications. In this chapter, the seven teachings and the métis core values are explored as examples of Indigenous ways of knowing that are grounded in the honouring of the web of life, with a focus on a moral respect for all living things. This is the underpinning of what is required for peace leadership and its practical implications today – a re-centering in the inextricable links between all beings and peace leaders as a component of the greater whole. What is also required is the creation of ethical spaces. Through storytelling, important teachings are shared; they provide guiding lights and a sense of connection to the greater whole. They also offer an important connection to recognizing that at the heart of peace leadership are the individual gifts we each have.
The Promise of Peace Leadership for Physician Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Gillis Marin , Bolstad Judy K.
Published: May 2022

The authors demonstrate how the goals and values of medicine may be better reached if a peace leadership mindset serves as the foundation for physician professional identity formation. And because much of the professional identity of new physicians, residents, and fellows comes through role-modelling, any educational intervention that intends to influence professional identity formation must also include robust faculty and continuing professional development. Peace leadership is urgently attractive to the medical educator and faculty and continuing professional education developer because it provides concepts and tools to address a pervasive and growing aspect of the profession of medicine beneficially and directly, from education to practice, that remains intractable: adversarial attitudes and conflict. These make an impact on much of medical care and exact a heavy toll on all involved.
Relationship Between Education, Media, and Terror
Authors: Gelici Zehra
Published: May 2022

The subject of this study is to uncover the relations between terrorism, media, and education with examples. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of terrorist organizations, which try to recruit staff by using the media and educational environments, on education, and to discuss the effectiveness of education in preventing terrorism. Today, terrorist organizations, which use the internet actively, consider virtual media as a serious propaganda tool by taking advantage of the difficulties in the control of virtual environments. For this reason, in this study, which has a qualitative design, media analysis will also be included as well as document analysis. The PKK, which is defined as a leftist organization, and ISIS and similar religion-based terrorist groups that take Islam as their reference will be discussed in the scope of the study, and the way they use the media and the effects of their activities on education and the role of education and religious education in preventing or reducing the effects of terrorism will be discussed in the study.
Comparing National vs. International Coverage of Terrorism
Authors: Alakoc Burcu Pinar , Ozdora-Aksak Emel
Published: May 2022

While terrorist incidents are physically, psychologically, and financially costly, they also provide targeted governments with a window of opportunity to engage in public diplomacy in the international arena. In the wake of terrorist attacks, leaders of the targeted countries can try to use media outlets to convey intentionally crafted messages and framing strategies, described generally as public diplomacy, to foster dialogue and shape international public opinion. The success of public diplomacy, however, depends on how far these national messages reach, and how effective they are in swaying international public opinion. Drawing on national and international news sources, this study conducts a framing analysis of 40 new stories covering the Reina nightclub terrorist attack, which took place in Istanbul on New Year's Eve of 2017. It analyzes the similarities and differences in the national versus international media coverage of the incident and discusses their implications for the effectiveness of Turkish public diplomacy.
The International Media and Counterterrorism Operations in Nigeria
Authors: Onianwa Oluchukwu Ignatus
Published: May 2022

The essence of this chapter is to examine the challenges in the global media reportage of counter-terrorism operations in Nigeria. Boko-Haram and other terrorists' activities in Nigeria have remained security threats to the stability of Nigeria, the West African sub-region, and the entire African continent. They have succeeded in instilling fear in the minds of the local population, destruction of worships centers and houses. However, the military onslaught against Boko-Haram by the Nigerian defence forces has continued unabated. Through their respective reportage, the global media has continued to produce international context on war against terror activities in Nigeria. In carrying out their tasks, they have faced a series of challenges given the importance of their reports in shaping both local and international public opinion about counter-terrorism operations in the country. These criticisms have emanated from state actors, the security forces, the local media, and domestic opinion.
Emergence of Counternarrative Peace Media in the Northeast of Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Ibrahim Uba , Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed , Liman Musa Alhaji
Published: May 2022

The quest for a solution to the conflict is an issue of national concern. Nowadays, concerted efforts are being made at individual and group levels to sustain peace. The dominant paradigm adopted in dousing the menace of conflicts in Nigeria has been the use of gun and militarisation. However, this approach has been widely criticised as full of human rights abuse and incapable of restoring lasting peace. Furthermore, evidence has shown that violent extremists have made effective use of the media (directly or indirectly), especially cyberspace, to advance their propagandistic aims and radicalism. This chapter provides an exploratory review on understanding the impacts and prospects of peace media in the context of peacebuilding toward countering violent extremism and sustaining peace through peacebuilding using peace broadcast media in the northeast of Nigeria.
An Investigation of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mortality Risk Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kshatri Sapna Singh , Sharma Sameer , Sinha G. R.
Published: May 2022

Septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure are all possible complications of the illness. In this work, machine learning is used to construct and assess mortality risk models that were evaluated (both positive and negative). The authors employed machine learning to gather information about 51,831 individuals (of which 4,769 were confirmed cases of COVID-19). The data collection comprises data from the next week (47,401 tested and 3,624 confirmed COVID-19). It is still uncertain if the SVM classifier ensemble can beat single SVM classifiers regarding the number of positive and negative predictions made in COVID-19. This investigation will investigate the accuracy of ensembled SVM and simple SVM on small and large COVID-19 datasets. The ROC, accuracy, F-measure, classification, and calculation time of SVM and SVM ensembles are evaluated and compared. According to the data, linear-based SVM performs the best when used as a bagging strategy. When dealing with tiny datasets that need feature extraction during pre-processing, bagging and boosting SVM ensembles may benefit.
A Real-Time Cloud-Based Healthcare Monitoring System
Authors: Nayak Manjushree , Barman Anjli
Published: May 2022

Health is a basic necessity, and access to high-quality healthcare is a human right. Cloud computing provides a base for better reliable and cost-efficient business applications for corporate purposes. Cloud computing provides a good structure and a good cost for the organization with reduced administration. Recent advances in sensor communication, sensor sensing, and microelectronics are focused on monitoring and managing chronic diseases and potential emergencies. Health monitoring can be managed by one or both: the cost of main challenges and citizen-centered care. This likewise permits a specialist to make electronic visits, including no transportation with full correspondence from the specialist to the patient. They can see one another, which permits the specialist to see the wounds. The authors discussed home hospitalization frameworks on the IoT and cloud-based healthcare monitoring systems in this chapter.
Analysis and Comparison of Psychological Constraints Among Various Countries During COVID-19
Authors: Rizvi Tanu , Bhonsle Devanand , Uzma Ruhi
Published: May 2022

Behavior of any human is mostly permanent as per their personality, but it gets influenced by a variety of factors originating psychologically and socially. However, some temporary factors such as attitude, surroundings, instant mood, culture, etc. may hamper behavior severely. Researchers have published many articles depending upon human behavior and its approach. This study is aimed to describe the effect of external parameters on human behavior in Indians as well as Europeans due to COVID-19 outbreak globally. This study is a survey made on online platform in Indian premises and studies carried by researchers in four European countries: UK, France, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Comparisons have been done with different levels and parameters between India and European countries. This chapter not only concludes the psychological constraints but also the good habits adopted by peoples during COVID-19 pandemic to have a safer future.
A Bibliometric Study of Postgraduate Theses and Dissertations in Archeology: with special reference to Postgraduate Institute
Authors: Dilhani G. H. Inoka
Published: May 2022

This research is based on the study of 139 theses/dissertations accepted by the Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology (PGIAR) from 2000 – 2018, which are available in the Library. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the subject expanses of research in archaeology and related disciplines. The main objectives of this study were to find out the year and language wise distribution, to identify the subject coverage and the postgraduate research trends in the field of archaeology in Sri Lanka in last two decades. This study could be significant for any researcher to know the ongoing research works carried out in Archaeology in Sri Lanka. The study was mainly focused on providing an overview of the most significant results obtained throughout the research. Overall, a lack of stability in the growth could be observed in the past 20 years. More specifically, a downfall could be recorded in the period of 2009-2012. It is indeed essential for any researcher to be aware of the ongoing research works carried out in the field of Archaeology. However, researchers often fail to obtain the relevant resources required in order to keep up to date with the research carried out in Sri Lanka. The result of this study can be used to maintain the quality of the PG research in the Institute and the Sri Lankan context.
Information Seeking Behavior of the Final Year Special Degree Undergraduates: A Case Study at the Department of History and Archaeology in University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Authors: Kothalawala K. L. A.
Published: May 2022

Information plays an important role in human life today. It plays a vital role in the learning, teaching, and research process of university academic staff and undergraduates. This study examines the information-seeking behavior of the History and Archaeology final year special degree undergraduates of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura (USJ). The sample size of ten people was chosen from 40 people, through the purposive sampling method. Interviews were the main qualitative data instrument used to collect data. A thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data acquired. The findings of the research were that History and Archaeology final year special degree undergraduates prefer field visits for their information requirements. The undergraduates were dependent on their lecturer's recommendations including print and electronic resources, field visits, indirect personal contacts, and libraries. In seeking information, they face several barriers such as languages issues, lack of books, the accuracy of the information and, selfish behaviors of the students. The library should acquire more copies of books on History and Archaeology subject disciplines and emphasize the need for more user awareness programs for the productive use of the library.
Rationale and design of a study on D-dimer use to stratify patients after a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism for their risk of recurrence: extended low-dose Apixaban given only to patients with positive D-dimer results
Authors: Palareti Gualtiero , Prandoni Paolo , Legnani Cristina , Antonucci Emilia , Zorzi Serena , Tosetto Alberto , Bertù Lorenza , Testa Sophie , Pengo Vittorio , Ageno Walter , Martinelli Ida , Cosmi Benilde , Bucherini Eugenio , Poli Daniela
Published: May 2022

Optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with a first venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still uncertain. Extended anticoagulant treatment beyond the first 3 to 6 months is recommended in patients with unprovoked VTE for their high risk of recurrence, provided the risk of bleeding during anticoagulation is not high. Recent meta-analyses indicated that only one-third of these patients have a recurrence 10 years after anticoagulation is stopped, whereas the risk of major bleeding is consistent and persistent during anticoagulation. We designed the prospective, multicenter Apidulcis study to test whether serial D-dimer measurements, using commercial assays with predefined sex-specific cutoffs (350 ng/mL and 500 ng/mL for men and women, respectively, for assays expressing results as fibrinogen equivalent units), may be useful to stratify patients for the risk of recurrence. Those presenting positive D-dimer results, considered at higher risk, will receive low dose Apixaban, 2.5 mg tablets BID for 18 months, whereas those with persistently negative D-dimer results, considered at lower risk, will remain without anticoagulant treatment. Outpatients with a first VTE (unprovoked or associated with weak risk factors), aged 18 to 74 years, who have already received anticoagulation for at least 12 months are eligible for the study.
The Von Willebrand factor-ADAMTS-13 axis: a two-faced Janus in bleeding and thrombosis
Authors: Lancellotti Stefano , Sacco Monica , Tardugno Maira , Ferretti Antonietta , De Cristofaro Raimondo
Published: May 2022

Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a blood multimeric protein with a very high molecular weight, plays a crucial role in the primary hemostasis, the physiological process characterized by the adhesion of blood platelets to the injured vessel wall. Hydrodynamic forces are responsible for the VWF multimers conformational transitions from a globular to a stretched linear conformation. These characteristics render this protein a valuable object to be investigated by mechanochemistry, the biophysical chemistry branch that studies the effects of shear forces on protein conformation. This review will focus on the structural elements of the VWF molecule involved in the biochemical response to shear forces. The stretched VWF conformation favors the interaction with the platelet GpIb and at the same time with ADAMTS-13, the zinc-protease that cleaves VWF in the A2 domain, limiting its prothrombotic capacity. It is important to consider the level or the function of VWF or ADAMTS-13 always in relation each other, keeping in mind that in many thrombotic forms of microangiopathies the reduction of the ratio between the ADAMTS-13 activity and the VWF level (lower than 0.5) can be a valuable parameter to predict a real thrombotic risk. Hence, a significant increase in VWF level alone, even without any reduction of ADAMTS-13 concentration, would still be responsible for a significant reduction of the ADAMTS-13/VWF ratio, which ultimately could reflect or predict a prothrombotic risk. Future studies will have to validate the concept whether ADAMTS-13/VWF ratio could a valuable and reliable biomarker to predict or confirm the presence of thrombotic risk in several morbid conditions.
An ecological alliance against air pollution and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mannucci Pier Mannuccio
Published: May 2022

This narrative review article summarizes the strong available evidence that casually links indoor and outdoor air pollution to cardiovascular disease. It also discusses as a possible approach to mitigate this ubiquitous risk factor the use in the household of ornamental potted plants, and their variable degree of effectiveness for the removal of different indoor pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene). Thus, the choice of the plants should be tailored to the types and concentrations of the pollutants present in each household. Outdoor air is less polluted than indoor air in terms of concentrations of the gaseous (NO2) and particulate components (PM10, PM2.5, PM0.1), but it does hamper to a higher extent health because a large fraction of the population is inevitably exposed at the time of breezing. Being cognizant of the difficulties currently encountered in the attempts to mitigate the major sources of ambient air pollution (vehicle traffic and domestic heating) a strategy based upon a massive increase of green spaces in urban areas has been shown not only to positively mitigate air pollution but also improve life expectancy, general health and resilience.
A clinical and microbiological study to assess the efficacy of Acmella oleracea and Acacia catechu herbs as local drug delivery in treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis patients
Authors: Verma Kanika , Dhruvakumar Deepa , Pande Milind
Published: May 2022

Aim:

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of local drug delivery (LDD) of Acmella oleracea (Akarkara) and Acacia catechu (kattha) gels as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in generalized chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients with ninety sites aged 25–65 years with generalized chronic periodontitis having pocket probing depth (PPD) of more than or equal to 5 mm on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. They were treated according to split-mouth design protocol. The placement of gel containing A. oleracea (1%) (Group 1) and A. catechu (1%) (Group 2) as LDD was placed at the two test sites, respectively, and only SRP was done in the control group (Group 3). Periodontal dressing was applied to all the three sites after procedure, and patients were given oral care guidelines. Evaluation of clinical parameters gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and relative attachment level (RAL) was done at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, and microbiological parameter was assessed at baseline and 6 months. N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-napthylamide (BANA) test was used for the microbiological analysis.

Results:

Clinical parameters from baseline to 6 months at different time intervals demonstrated a significant reduction in mean GI, PI, GBI, and PPD and gain in CAL and RAL over a period of 6 months, and results were statistically significant in all the three treatment groups. However, on intergroup comparison, clinically significant difference was observed, but statistically, results were significant at few intervals. The microbiological analysis revealed a statistically nonsignificant reduction at the end of 6 months on intra- and intergroup comparison.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the use of A. catechu gel and A. oleracea gel clinically showed improvement in clinical parameters when combined with SRP, attributing to better anti-inflammatory and healing properties.
Development of descriptive mathematical models for different domains of gingival recession using multiple linear regression analysis
Authors: Grover Vishakha , Mahajan Shifali , Kaur Gurjeet , Jain Ashish
Published: May 2022

Context:

Gingival recession (GR) is a common finding seen in the periodontics clinic. It has a significant functional and esthetic impact on the patient's dentition and quality of life.

Aims:

The current study aimed to develop the descriptive mathematical models for different domains of GR based on the data obtained from the North Indian population.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional observational study.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive 130 participants were enrolled between June and August 2019. Complete case history and thorough oral examination were carried out including assessment of periodontal variables, for example, pocket depth (PD), gingival marginal level, clinical attachment level (CAL), simplified oral hygiene index, and gingival index. Prediction models for different domains of GR, namely Miller's class, severity, extent, and distribution of recession were made, and further, the best-fitted model on the basis of “coefficient of determination (R
2)” was analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Multiple linear regression.

Results:

Nine factors, i.e., mean CAL, mean PD, tooth mobility, abrasion, width of attached gingiva, number of teeth present, age, type of brush, and socioeconomic status showed a significant association with different domains of the GR. In addition, a high degree of overlap was observed among factors associated with different domains of the GR.

Conclusion:

Diverse clinical (mean CAL, mean PD, tooth mobility, and abrasion), biological (width of attached gingiva, number of teeth present, and age), and environmental factors (type of brush and socioeconomic status) were found to have a significant association with the occurrence of GR in the North Indian population. Owing to the multifactorial etiology of GR, the identification of susceptible patients based on the presence of risk factors is an essential step in developing action plans for the prevention of the disease.
Periodontal regeneration using connective tissue graft wall and xenograft with coronally advanced flap in noncontained intrabony defects
Authors: Elfana Ahmed Mohamed , Elbehwashy Mohamed Talaat
Published: May 2022

The present case report describes the novel combination of connective tissue graft (CTG) wall technique with xenograft for periodontal regeneration of extensive intrabony defects in the esthetic area. A 24-year-old female patient presented with gingival recession with mesial and distal deep bony defects at the upper lateral incisor and probing depths (PDs) of 7 and 5 mm, respectively. The surgical technique involved split-thickness buccal flap elevation, grafting the bone defects with xenograft bone substitute, securing the CTG over the surgical site followed by flap advancement. Uneventful healing was evident with reduction in PDs (5 and 4 mm), recession depths, and improvement in clinical attachment levels after 1 year. Radiographically, bone fill in the intrabony component was evident. It can be concluded that the presented approach combines the benefits of bone substitute's space maintaining and osteoconduction properties with the advantages of CTG wall to support the regeneration site and the overlying flap for improved clinical and radiographic outcomes in deep intrabony defects.
Comparative evaluation of the levels of nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3 in saliva of subjects with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls
Authors: Mitra Dipika Kalyan , Chavan Rishi Ramakant , Prithyani Saurabh Suresh , Kandawalla Shazneen Adil , Shah Rohit Ajay , Rodrigues Silvia Victor
Published: May 2022

Context:

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which is ubiquitous. When there is an onset of infection, the innate immunity gets activated followed by the adaptive immune system. Inflammasomes identify the pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns and initiate inflammation. Nod- like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP 3) is a protein belonging to the intracellular innate immune sensors that act against bacteria. The inflammasome acts along with the toll-like receptor pathways to initiate an action against pathogens. NLRP3 (also known as PYPAF-1 or cryopyrin) acts via apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC).

Aims:

The study aimed at finding out the relation between levels of NLRP3 in chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Settings and Design:

This was a Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical examination and saliva sampling of the study population was done. Reagents were prepared and NLRP3 levels were estimated using ELISA analysis.

Statistical Analysis:

Intergroup comparison was initiated using the unpaired t-test and for within the group (intragroup), the two-way analysis of variance was used. The Pearson correlation coefficient helped to determine the strength of linear association.

Results:

Increased levels of NLRP3 were seen in subjects suffering from chronic periodontitis. NLRP3 was also seen to be positively correlated to probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, and plaque index.

Conclusions:

A positive correlation exists between NLRP3 and chronic periodontitis, and hence, NLRP3 can be a potential biomarker.
Comparative evaluation of locally delivered probiotic paste and chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in treating chronic periodontitis
Authors: Vishnusripriya Jeevanandam , Melath Anil , Feroz Mohammed , Subair Kayakool , Chandran Nanditha
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

The etiological factors of periodontal diseases are the habitation of dysbiotic bacteria, absence of beneficial bacteria, and susceptibility of the host. Irresolute pattern in the periodontal diseases pathogenesis leads to the evolution of novel antimicrobial therapy.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to assess and compare the competency of locally delivered probiotic paste with chlorhexidine gel as a supplement to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:

A split-mouth randomized controlled trial was designed on 10 systemically healthy participants having chronic periodontitis at three distinct quadrants with 5–6-mm pocket depth. The sites in each participant were randomly selected for Group A (negative control), Group B (positive control), and Group C (test). In Group A, only SRP, Group B – SRP + chlorhexidine local drug delivery (LDD), Group C – SRP + probiotic LDD were done, respectively. Gingival index (GI) and bleeding index (BI) were determined at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks, whereas probing pocket depth (PPD), Russell's periodontal index, and clinical attachment level were checked at baseline and after 9 weeks.

Results:

It shows a significant reduction in GI, BI, PPD, and gain of CAL in probiotic LDD group.

Conclusion:

Nowadays, since microbes are rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics, the development of probiotics is a boon for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Diseases of the periodontium are not restricted to the oral cavity alone but also have strong systemic effects. Hence, probiotics give a natural and promising choice of therapy to establish both good oral and systemic health.
Gender-based evaluation of positional variations of gingival papilla and its proportions
Authors: Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Ikhar Aishwarya Sukhdeo
Published: May 2022

Background:

The proportionate presence of natural teeth, gingival tissues along with the interdental papilla (IDP) is critical components of an esthetic smile. Hence, the present study examined the IDP height (PH), its position clinically and radiographically as papilla proportion (PP) and crestal PP (CPP).

Materials and Methods:

The study included 120 patients with healthy periodontium with an age group of 20–40 years, equally divided as males and females. The maxillary anterior interdental sites from canine to contralateral canine were examined for PH, PP, crestal PH (CPH), and CPP.

Results:

The mean values of PH, PP, CPH, and CPP were found to be greater on the mesial aspects of all the teeth as compared to the distal aspects. The females exhibited overall higher values than males for all the parameters. Majority of the teeth exhibited statistically significant differences for PP on mesial aspect when compared based on gender with mean values of 44.58% ±3.35% (males) and 47.17% ±3.23% (females) (P < 0.0001) for central incisor (CI). The CPP on mesial aspect for CI was 50.57% ±3.51% (males) and 54.21% ±3.76% (females) with P < 0.0001. A similar trend was followed in other teeth.

Conclusion:

The maxillary anterior teeth exhibit greater values on mesial aspects for parameters such as PH, PP, and CPP in both the gender thereby indicating an apical positioning of the IDP tip on distal aspect when compared to mesial. Furthermore, the values and differences were more pronounced in females than the males.
A curious case of gingival enlargement - From seropositive diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus to periodontal management
Authors: Kakarmath Sonal Vasudev , Gaikwad Rajesh Prabhakar , Banodkar Akshaya Bhupesh , Awasare Priyanka Ganpatrao
Published: May 2022

Gingival enlargement may be a result of multifactorial etiology which includes local factors such as calculus, food lodgement, overhanging restorations, and overextended dentures as well as systemic conditions such as hormonal disturbances and blood dyscrasias. Acquired immune deficiency is a manifestation of immune disorder caused by a retrovirus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The association of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or HIV with oral and periodontal lesions is highly significant. Seropositive patients usually present with periodontal diseases and atypical periodontal lesions. These clinical findings may prove to be a link for probing patients’ systemic health. This case report describes one such case of a patient, unaware of HIV infection with localized gingival overgrowth, wherein detailed probing and investigation led to the diagnosis of underlying systemic condition as acquired immunodeficiency. Subsequently, antiretroviral therapy was started, and nonsurgical periodontal therapy was performed to resolve the gingival overgrowth.
Improvement in Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women with Depression with commonly used Antidepressants (Escitalopram vs. Desvenlafaxine)
Authors: Mahajan Sonia Shinde , Arora Manu , Tandon Vishal R. , Mahajan Annil , Kotwal Suman
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

The postmenopausal symptoms affect the quality of life (QoL) of women. Depression and anxiety too have been associated with diminished QoL. It is known that antidepressants escitalopram and desvenlafaxine are effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety. However, to the best of our knowledge, their comparative effect on the QoL of postmenopausal women with depression and anxiety has not been studied in the Indian setup.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a randomized, intention to treat, open-label trial undertaken in North India's a tertiary care teaching hospital. Postmenopausal women attending the psychiatry outpatient department and newly diagnosed with depression and anxiety were randomized in two groups to receive Tab. Escitalopram 10–20 mg and Tab. Desvenlafaxine 50–100 mg. Their QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL BREF scale at baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks.

Results:

Escitalopram was observed to be statistically better than desvenlafaxine in improving the overall QoL score of the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Individually, escitalopram significantly improved the scores of the physical health domain, psychological and environmental domains except for the social relationship domain. Desvenlafaxine significantly improved scores of all four domains.

Conclusion:

Escitalopram was observed to be significantly better than desvenlafaxine in improving the overall QoL scores. Both the drugs were well tolerated.
Intramyometrial Pregnancy Presenting as Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Perimenopausal Female
Authors: Kaul Amrita Razdan , Gupta Usha Priyambada , Kant Divya , Kant Anita
Published: May 2022

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is frequently encountered in the gynecological complaint of perimenopausal female visiting the outpatient department. Beginning in mid-40s, perimenopause is often marked with menstrual irregularities. Intramyometrial pregnancy (IMP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of <1% of all ectopic gestation may present as AUB in perimenopausal female. It remains a diagnostic challenge, especially in background of negative pregnancy test with the lesion ultrasonographically mimicking a fibroid with or without degeneration or an adenomyoma. We report the case of a 41-year-old perimenopausal female presenting with AUB not responding to medical management and ultrasound suggestive of degenerative fibroid. Hence, total laparoscopic hysterectomy was done and histopathology revealed the lesion to be IMP. The aim of this case report is to consider this rare entity as a possible cause of AUB in perimenopausal female even in the pretext of negative pregnancy test.
Development and validation of comprehensive evaluation tool for weight management at menopausal transition and early menopause stage
Authors: Kumari Archana , Chopra Sakshi , Ranjan Piyush , Verma Aditi , Malhotra Anita , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Sharma K. Aparna , Vikram Naval K
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To develop and validate a comprehensive questionnaire to evaluate risk factors, perceptions, and practices for weight management in women at menopausal transition and early menopause stage.

Methodology:

A mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the questionnaire was developed by literature review and focused group discussions with the target population and experts. In the second phase, content and face validity were established by expert evaluation and cognitive interviews with the target population. The developed questionnaire was crosssectionally administered in 215 women and responses were used to determine the construct validity by factor analysis and reliability by evaluating internal consistency.

Results:

The finalized questionnaire consisted of two sections; section A included sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and menopausal status with symptom severity, while section B contained 32-items focusing on readiness to initiate weight loss, perceptions and practices related to lifestyle behaviors, built environment, and social support. The Cronbach's α value of the questionnaire is 0.79 with good internal consistency.

Conclusion:

The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess weight-related risk factors, perceptions, and practices in middle-aged women, which can potentially be used by doctors and other healthcare practitioners to customize weight management advice in women at menopausal transition and early menopause.
Menopause and Sleep Disorders
Authors: Tandon Vishal R. , Sharma Sudhaa , Mahajan Annil , Mahajan Akhil , Tandon Apurva
Published: May 2022

Women are likely to suffer from sleep disorders more in comparison to men during menopause and with advancing age. The incidence of sleep disorders ranges from 16% to 47% at peri-menopause and 35%–60% at postmenopause. Insomnia with or without associated anxiety or low lying depression and Mood disorder is most common associated manifestations. Sleep disorders and insomnia largely remain a clinical diagnosis based on the subjective complaints of patients. Benzodiazepines remain the mainstay of the treatment in majority of the sleep disorders including chronic or acute insomnia. Treatment of associated anxiety, depression, or psychosis is most important. Tricyclic antidepressant, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI), Melatonin, Duloxetine, Fluoxetine, Imipramine, Nortriptyline or Amitriptyline and other drugs such as Eszopiclone, Escitalopram, Gabapentin, Quiteiapine, Citalopram, Mirtazapine followed by long-acting Melatonin and Ramelteon, also are very useful for the management of various sleep disorders. Hormone replacement therapy presently lacks concrete evidence to be used in menopausal women for sleep disorder. Sleep hygiene practices, self-hypnosis, meditation, and exercise play a very important role.
Gender Difference in Ocular Diseases, Risk Factors and Management with Specific Reference to Role of Sex Steroid Hormones
Authors: Korpole Nilay Reddy , Kurada Padma , Korpole Madhukar Reddy
Published: May 2022

Our eyes are windows to the world and to our soul. The approach to them offers an incredible space for conducting research to learn more about gender differences in ocular health and disease. There is inadequate data about gender differences to accurately plan and implement strategies to address the gender disparities. In this article, we discuss several conditions with ocular manifestations, focusing on those that disproportionately affect women more, with a specific emphasis on the role of sex hormones and the management of the conditions. Articles in the past two and a half decades were selected for this mini-review from the MEDLINE/PubMed database. The search terms used were: “Age Related Macular Degeneration,” “Blindness,” “Cataract,” “Diabetic Retinopathy,” “Dry Eye,” “Glaucoma,” “Ocular Diseases.” To restrict the articles found, we limited search results with the terms: “Estrogen,” “Gender difference,” “Hormone,” “Menopause,” “Sex Steroid Hormones.”