bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between learning transfer climates and innovation in public and private organizations in Korea
Authors: Jun Choi Hee , Park Ji-Hye
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the results of an empirical exploration of the relationship between learning transfer climates and organizational innovation. Additionally, factors associated with learning transfer climate that could account for innovation in Korean public and private organizations have been explored.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study relies on quantitative data obtained from two survey questionnaires. The sample consists of 390 employees working for seven private and five public organizations; further, each employee has completed at least one training program within a one-year period.

Findings

– Results of the study demonstrate that private, rather than public organizations, have significantly higher mean scores for all five learning transfer climate variables and for perceived organizational innovation. The results of multiple regression analyses reveal that openness to change and performance coaching have common and significant impacts on perceived innovation in both private and public organizations. However, the other three variables (i.e., transfer effort-performance expectations, performance-outcomes expectations, and performance self-efficacy) have varied effects on perceived innovation depending on organizational type. Specifically, transfer effort-performance expectations has a relatively meaningful impact on perceived innovation in public organizations. Performance-outcomes expectations and performance self-efficacy have relatively meaningful effects on perceived innovation in private organizations.

Research limitations/implications

– The sample for this study consists of employees solely from Korean organizations. Therefore, further studies encompassing a greater sampling variety are required to determine the generalizability of these results. In addition, this study is limited to an investigation of the possible differences between public and private organizations with respect to their learning transfer climates and innovation. In studies to follow, researchers can further investigate these relationships in segmented organizations.

Originality/value

– The results of this study will assist human resource practitioners to promote innovation effectively and efficiently based on organizational type.
Analysis of SCOR’s approach to supply chain risk management
Authors: Rotaru Kristian , Wilkin Carla , Ceglowski Andrzej
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– SCOR 10.0, released in late 2010, is the second version of the supply chain operations reference model (SCOR) to incorporate risk management processes, metrics and best practices. Given the paucity of studies that have explored the coverage and integration of supply chain risk management (SCRM) within SCOR, the analysis and suggested improvements for SCRM are designed to enhance SCOR’s collaborative and coordinated management of supply chain (SC) risks. The paper aims to dicsuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Critical analysis was used to analyse the coverage and integration of SCRM within SCOR 10.0.

Findings

– Discrepancies were identified in how SCRM has been incorporated into SCOR, including issues with the hierarchical representation of SCRM processes, metrics, best practices and skills. These may potentially propagate into difficulties in embedding risk management processes within other SC processes, visualizing risk metrics in a SC’s value hierarchy and reconciling SCOR’s SCRM with organizational enterprise risk management.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper is limited to theoretical analysis of the coverage and integration of risk in SCOR 10.0. Once the issues identified are remedied, the subsequent suggested improvements require validation through empirical testing.

Originality/value

– Despite SCOR’s wide acceptance as a reference model in managing SC operations, there has been no investigation of its approach to SCRM. The analysis addresses this lack of prior investigation by analysing SCRM in the latest version, SCOR 10.0. The paper identifies deficiencies and suggests amendments regarding SCRM’s coverage and integration of SCRM.
Disaster relief supply chain quality management (DRSCQM)
Authors: N. Madu Christian , Kuei Chu-Hua
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for disaster relief supply chain quality management (DRSCQM).

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper introduces a structured approach to making decisions in the following areas: system foundation, system constraints, initial sudden natural disaster encounter point(s), the intensity of disaster, the efficacy of the disaster relief supply chain systems, and post-disaster relief management.

Findings

– The context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic provides guidelines for facilitating Lean Six Sigma to eliminate wastes and improve the overall performance of the DRSCQM.

Research limitations/implications

– The theoretical frameworks will enhance the current knowledge base in DRSCQM literature and will also be helpful to manage disaster relief operations and supply chains. However, there is a need to conduct empirical studies based on the proposed frameworks in the future.

Practical implications

– A transformation process based on Dr Deming's plan-do-check-act cycle has also been proposed to show how a relief organization can assess its current maturity level, react to it, develop more sustainable disaster relief practices, and move the entire system in the right direction.

Social implications

– The systemic and holistic procedure developed in this paper views the environment of disaster relief as dynamic, complex, chaotic, and ever-changing and takes into account the fact that relief organizations’ actions often involve a team of diverse specialists working on a project basis.

Originality/value

– The framework presented here helps to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of disaster relief supply chain management. This is timely and important now as there continues to be an increase in climate-related natural disasters.
Identifying and determining SPARQL endpoint characteristics
Authors: Lorey Johannes
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to introduce several metrics that enable universal and fine-grained characterization of arbitrary Linked Data repositories. Publicly accessible SPARQL endpoints contain vast amounts of knowledge from a large variety of domains. However, oftentimes these endpoints are not configured to process specific workloads as efficiently as possible. Assisting users in leveraging SPARQL endpoints requires insight into functional and non-functional properties of these knowledge bases.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study presents comprehensive approaches for deriving these metrics. More specifically, the study utilizes concrete SPARQL queries to determine corresponding values. Furthermore, it validates and discusses the introduced metrics through extensive evaluation on real-world SPARQL endpoints.

Findings

– The evaluation determined that endpoints exhibit different characteristics. While it comes as no surprise that latency and throughput are influenced by the network infrastructure, the costs for join operations depend on a number of factors that are not obvious to a data consumer. Moreover, as the author discusses mean, median and upper quartile values, it was found both endpoints behaving consistently as well as repositories offering varying levels of performance.

Originality/value

– On the one hand, the contribution of the authors work lies in assisting data consumers in evaluation of the quality of service of publicly available SPARQL endpoints. On the other hand, the performance metrics introduced in this study can also be considered as additional input features for distributed query processing frameworks. Moreover, the author provides a universal means for discerning characteristics of different SPARQL endpoints without the need of (synthetic or real-world) query workloads.
Virality over YouTube: an empirical analysis
Authors: Feroz Khan Gohar , Vong Sokha
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to seek reasons for some videos going viral over YouTube (a type of social media platform).

Design/methodology/approach

– Using YouTube APIs (Application Programming Interface) and Webometrics analyst tool, the authors collected data on about 100 all-time-most-viewed YouTube videos and information about the users associated with the videos. The authors constructed and tested an empirical model to understand the relationship among users’ social and non-social capital (e.g. User Age, Gender, View Count, Subscriber, Join Date, Total Videos Posted), video characteristics (Post Date, Duration, and Video Category), external network capital (in-links and hit counts), and Virality (Likes, Dislikes, Favorite Count, View Count, and Comment Count). Partial least square and Webometric analysis was used to explore the association among the constructs.

Findings

– Among other findings, the results showed that popularity of the videos was not only the function of YouTube systemper se, but that network dynamics (e.g. in-links and hits counts) and offline social capital (e.g. fan base and fame) play crucial roles in the viral phenomenon, particularly view count.

Originality/value

– The authors for the first time constructed and tested an empirical model to find out the determinants of viral phenomenon over YouTube.
How fundamental and supplemental interactions affect users’ knowledge sharing in virtual communities? A social cognitive perspective
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Zuo Meiyun , Yu Yan , Chai Wen
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the environment of a virtual community (users’ interactions inside and outside of a community which are defined as the fundamental and supplemental interaction (FI and SI), respectively) on its users’ knowledge sharing (KS) and the underlying cognitive mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

– A survey was conducted among the users who had experience of participating in a domain knowledge specific online community. A total of 479 valid observations were collected. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model and hypotheses.

Findings

– The empirical results show that the fundamental interaction (FI) not only directly affects users’ knowledge acquisition (KA) and contribution, but also indirectly affects users’ KA and contribution partially through the users’ self-efficacy and outcome expectation. While the supplemental interaction (SI) negatively affects users’ KA, it positively affects the users’ knowledge contribution and this effect is also partially mediated by the users’ self-efficacy and outcome expectation. The mediators of self-efficacy and outcome expectation play distinct role on users’ KA and contribution in virtual communities (VCs).

Originality/value

– This research conceptualizes the users’ interaction inside and outside of a particular virtual community as FI and SI, respectively, and reveals the mechanism how they affect users’ KA and contribution. The results shed light on the literature of KS in VCs and extend social cognitive theory's application into a complex environment with blended interactions in a virtual world. The research also provides insights for virtual community designers, administrators and users.
Managerial implications in solution business studies: analysis of type of relevance addressed
Authors: Tapio Salminen Risto , Oinonen Minna , Haimala Juha
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to gain knowledge on the character of managerial implications within business-to-business (B2B) marketing, in terms of type of relevance addressed in research articles on solution business and integrated solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

– Use of Jaworski’s framework on role-relevance to classify the type of relevance addressed in 29 journal articles. A systematic literature review on solution business preceded the selection of articles and a concern to include different journal categories.

Findings

– Managerial implications in the studied articles within solution business do not seem to emphasize role-relevance particularly; they rather address applicability of findings on a company level and for B2B marketing in a more general sense. The majority of implications for practice are framed to have an impact on “present actions”. Managerial knowledge needs are dominantly addressed by “empirical findings” or “frameworks”. The dominating managerial core tasks addressed are “transformer of marketing” and “marketing strategy”.

Research limitations/implications

– There do not seem to be studies with managerial implications addressing future actions and thinking; providing instruments, methods or models that are role- relevant; focusing on the challenges of a “coordinator”, “strategist” or “performance controller”. The focus on solution business limits the generalizability of findings.

Practical implications

– Results suggest that implications for practice potentially would benefit from being written in the form of explicit recommendations; targeted to a particular managerial role; and increasingly developed when it comes to proposed frameworks for them to be useful for managers in industrial marketing.

Originality/value

– This is one of the first studies to systematically examine the character of managerial implications by categorizing results in accordance with a framework specifically addressing role-relevance.
The theory/practice gap in B2B marketing: reflections and search for solutions
Authors: Gummesson Evert
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study was to suggest pragmatic ways of dealing with the business-to-business (B2B) theory/practice gap.

Design/methodology/approach

– Reflecting on experience both as a researcher and practitioner.

Findings

– B2B marketing is characterized by complexity. There is no straight way to harmonize the relationship between its theory and practice but there are ways to make the two benefit from each other. A dilemma is that academics and practitioners are rewarded for different types of achievements.

Research limitations/implications

– Scholars can be made aware of the need for close involvement through action research and case theory to secure access to high-quality data in a complex B2B reality, and to their mission to contribute better real world based theory.

Practical implications

– The article can make practitioners aware of the value of grand theory to improve the pragmatic use of mid-range theory as it materializes in models, checklists and heuristics.

Originality/value

– The simultaneous emphasis on explicit and tacit knowledge in both theory generation and practice, and a framework of theory generation that sorts out substantive, mid-range and grand theory relationships.
Conceptualizing for managerial relevance in B2B research: a grounded theory approach
Authors: Gustavsson Bengt , Åge Lars-Johan
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to formulate recommendations for business-to-business (B2B) researchers, with the potential to increase the extent to which B2B research is relevant to managers.

Design/methodology/approach

– These recommendations are derived from and inspired by the grounded theory methodology.

Findings

– In this article, we argue that conceptualizations which are potentially relevant to managers are those that discover new perspectives, simplify complexity, enable managers to take action and have an instant grab. To accomplish this as researchers, the authors emphasize fostering a beginner’s mind, creating umbrella models, increasing the level of abstraction of concepts and finding the core process in data.

Originality/value

– In this article, we translate the basic principles within the grounded theory methodology into more general recommendations that can be used by B2B researchers.
Accentuate the positive: how identity affects customer satisfaction
Authors: Ghosh Chowdhury Tilottama , Desai Kalpesh Kaushik , Bolton Lisa
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this research is to address an important gap in identity research – how does consumer identity affect satisfaction following an unambiguous product experience.

Design/methodology/approach

– Two experiments were conducted involving a product experience scenario and a service recovery encounter.

Findings

– Study results demonstrate that experience valence moderates the impact of identity on customer satisfaction. Specifically, we find that identity improves satisfaction with a positive (but does not increase dissatisfaction with a negative) experience, and this effect arises via enhanced performance perceptions under positive experience rather than expectations.

Research limitations/implications

– Our research investigates whether the prior research argument that identity is a powerful and “sticky” source of brand evaluation is robust to product experience. Specifically, we extend the disconfirmation paradigm of satisfaction by identifying identity as a driver of satisfaction and by testing whether identity effects emerge via biased perceptions of performance or altered expectations.

Practical implications

– Our findings offer interesting managerial implications in terms of using identity marketing to enhance customer satisfaction with positive experiences and to increase the effectiveness of recovery from brand failures, but identity marketing cannot shield a brand from negative product experience.

Originality/value

– To our knowledge, this research is first to demonstrate the joint effects of identity and experience information on satisfaction using two different identities and settings.
Effects of show windows on female consumers’ shopping behaviour
Authors: Jain Varsha , Takayanagi Mika , Malthouse Edward Carl
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study if to investigate the effects of show windows on shopping behaviour among female consumers to provide insights that a manager can use to encourage purchase behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

– On the basis of 20 in-depth interviews, we developed a survey, which we administered to female consumers (n= 209). The survey was based on a stimulus–organism–response framework. Each respondent was exposed to an image of a show window (images were taken from apparel departments of well-known department stores) and rated her perceptions of the window and intentions to purchase items sold in the store.

Findings

– Using factor analysis, we identify five components of the show window: social, hedonic, informational, image and “feel-good” factors. The first four factors are aggregated into a “show window” metric, which is shown to influence purchase intentions; this influence is fully mediated by the feel-good factor. The image factor and the social and hedonic factors each significantly influence the feel-good factor.

Practical implications

– When developing show windows, brand managers should aim to touch on all factors of the show window to make shoppers “feel good”; these positive feelings might intensify shoppers’ purchase intentions.

Originality/value

– This study identifies five factors that make up consumers’ perceptions of show windows. It shows that exposure to a show window affects consumers’ purchase intentions, and that this influence is determined primarily by the extent to which consumers “feel good” about the store.
Potential agency problems in European club football? The case of UEFA Financial Fair Play
Authors: Schubert Mathias
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– With the licence season 2013/2014 onwards Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Financial Fair Play (FFP) fully came into force. Among other things, FFP demands from the clubs to operate within their own revenues in order to counteract the increasing over indebtedness in European club football. The purpose of this paper is to cast further light on the relationship between UEFA and the clubs as the main actors of FFP and to derive implications to UEFA to improve the efficacy of this regulatory intervention.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper explicitly examines the case of FFP from an agency theory perspective. A positivist agency approach is applied in order to describe and explain (potential) problems in the relationship between UEFA and the clubs.

Findings

– The paper demonstrates that the relationship between UEFA and the clubs corresponds in many aspects to a classic principal-agent problem. A potential conflict of interest between both actors is outlined which together with asymmetric information creates incentives for opportunistic behaviour on the part of the clubs. The necessity of a stronger emphasis and communication of the economic and sport ethical legitimacy of FFP is detected.

Practical implications

– It is suggested that UEFA should consider taking a more proactive stance and endeavour to prevent non-compliance not only by limiting the opportunities to do so but also by providing information as well as education.

Originality/value

– FFP is supposed to have ground-breaking consequences for European club football. This is the first paper to systematically examine (potential) agency problems inherent in FFP.
Dynamic leadership – a leadership shortage solution
Authors: Tucker Elissa , Lam Sue
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this research paper is to explore how organizational leadership style is related to employee leadership skills, leadership and business trends, as well as leadership practices.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 547 participants representing a variety of industries and organization sizes completed an online survey on the current state of leadership at their organizations. We compared the responses of participants working in organizations using a traditional leadership style (n = 121) with those in organizations with a dynamic leadership style (n = 105).

Findings

– Consistent with hypotheses, the results show that the traditional, hierarchical and command-and-control style of organizational leadership is associated with larger leadership skills gaps, while a more dynamic, all-inclusive and collaborative leadership style is associated with smaller leadership skills gaps. Specific business trends and leadership practices partially explain the association between organizational leadership style and organizational leadership shortages. These factors provide guidance for human resources practitioners looking to set priorities and plans for fostering dynamic leadership within their organizations.

Originality/value

– This study provides insights into why the leadership deficit endures and what organizations can do to put the issue to rest. This research is unique in that it goes beyond identifying and quantifying specific leadership skills gaps to also reveal which factors may be driving these leadership deficits. This research also isolates which organizational practices and leadership approaches are associated with smaller leadership skills gaps.
Introduction of Molecular Methods into a Food Microbiology Curriculum
Authors: Pleitner Aaron M. , Hammons Susan R. , McKenzie Emily , Cho Young‐Hee , Oliver Haley F.
Published: September 2014

Maintaining current, relevant curriculum in undergraduate Food Microbiology courses is essential for training future experts in food quality and safety. Having an understanding of the fundamental techniques (for example, polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) that are used in the food industry and regulatory agencies is critical for students entering the workforce. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of integrating molecular methods into an undergraduate Food Microbiology course in both lecture and laboratory settings. Modules on PCR and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), both of which are currently used by government agencies and the food industry to investigate the presence and persistence of foodborne pathogens, were developed, introduced, and evaluated among 269 students over 4 y. Multiple teaching and learning styles were incorporated through (i) traditional lecture format on the basics of PCR and PFGE; (ii) hands‐on group activities to build upon the lecture instruction; (iii) performing PCR and PFGE in the laboratory; and (iv) group discussions to analyze results from laboratory exercises. Pre‐ and postinstruction evaluations revealed significant increases in understanding and application of both methods in lecture and laboratory settings as demonstrated by 0.60 and 0.51 mean normalized gains for respective PCR and PFGE lectures and 0.50 and 0.56 mean normalized gains in respective labs. Academic year significantly impacted score improvement, potentially due to hidden factors, such as previous exposure to material and student aptitude. This study provides the platform for successful introduction of molecular techniques in an undergraduate Food Microbiology course. The guidelines and materials developed by our group are publicly available for use by other institutions.
Food Science Education and the Cognitive Science of Learning
Authors: Chew Stephen L.
Published: September 2014

In this essay, I argue that the traditional view of teaching, that the teacher's responsibility is to present information that students are solely responsible for learning, has been rendered untenable by cognitive science research in learning. The teacher can have a powerful effect on student learning by teaching not only content, but how to study and think about information. Student learning is a shared responsibility between teacher and students, and effective teaching is much more challenging than traditionally believed.
Magnetic resonance imaging aspects of giant‐cell tumours of bone
Authors: Pereira Helcio Mendonça , Marchiori Edson , Severo Alessandro
Published: September 2014

Introduction

This study aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of giant‐cell tumours of bone.

Methods

We analysed the clinical and MRI features of patients diagnosed with giant‐cell tumours of bone confirmed by histopathology at our institution between 2010 and 2012.

Results

The peak incidence was between the second and third decades of life. There was no gender predominance. The most frequent locations were the knee and wrist. Pain and swelling were the prevailing symptoms. Fifty‐one per cent of the patients were found to have associated secondary aneurysmal bone cysts on histopathology. On MRI, lesions demonstrated signal intensity equal to that of skeletal muscle on T1‐weighted images and low signal intensity on T2‐weighted images in 90% of cases. In gadolinium‐enhanced T1‐weighted images, 76.6% of cases demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement. We observed cystic components involving more than 50% of the lesion in 17 cases (56.6%). There was extra‐osseous involvement in 13 cases (43.3%).

Conclusion

MRI offers a valuable diagnostic tool for giant‐cell tumours of bone. Contrast‐enhanced MRI can distinguish between cystic and solid components of the tumour. MRI is also the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of soft‐tissue involvement, offering a complete preoperative diagnosis.
Increased expressions of SATB1 and S100A4 are associated with poor prognosis in human colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Niu Yanfeng , Wang Lixia , Cheng Chao , Du Chao , Lu Xiaoming , Wang Guobin , Liu Jun
Published: September 2014

This study was designed to explore the correlation between expressions of SATB1 and S100A4 and their relationships to the clinicopathologic parameters of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Expressions of SATB1 and S100A4 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 131 primary CRC patients undergone surgical resection from 2005 to 2007. SATB1 and S100A4 were positively expressed in 48.9% and 54.2% of CRC cases, respectively. SATB1 and S100A4 expressions in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in the corresponding normal tissues. A positive correlation was observed between SATB1 and S100A4. Moreover, the levels of SATB1 and S100A4 were both significantly associated with invasion, lymph node status, and TNM stage of CRC, whereas S100A4 expression was also correlated with distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that SATB1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for poor survival of CRC. Further survival analysis indicated that co‐expression of SATB1 and S100A4 suggested a worse 5‐year overall survival rate in CRC patients. Thus, combined analysis of SATB1 and S100A4 expressions may be valuable in determining the development and progression of CRC. Co‐expression of SATB1 and S100A4 is an unfavorable prognostic indicator and may be useful in the follow‐up of patients with CRC.
Expression of programmed death 1 is correlated with progression of osteosarcoma
Authors: Zheng Wenjie , Xiao Hong , Liu Huan , Zhou Yue
Published: September 2014

Accumulating bodies of evidence indicate that immune dysregulation plays a key role in the development of osteosarcoma (OS). Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) is a surface receptor expressed on activated and exhausted T cells, which mediate T‐cell inhibition upon binding with its ligand. Researches on PD‐1 and OS remain extremely limited. Here, we investigated whether PD‐1 could be involved in the development of OS. Expression of PD‐1 was measured by flow cytometry on peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 56 OS cases and 42 healthy controls. Data revealed that percentages of PD‐1 were significantly upregulated on both peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from OS patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients with different tumor locations did not present obvious variations in PD‐1 level. However, patients with metastasis showed significantly higher level of PD‐1 on CD4+ T cells than those without metastasis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, PD‐1 expression on CD4+ T cells started to increase in stage III, whereas PD‐1 expression on CD8+ T cells started to increase in stage II. In addition, patients with pathological fracture were observed to have elevated PD‐1 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These data suggest that PD‐1 is involved in the pathogenesis of OS, especially in the progression of disease.
Modelling green urbanism inChina
Authors: Pow C P , Neo Harvey
Published: September 2014

This paper examines how the modelling of green urbanism is spatially manifested in flagship eco‐city projects such as theSino‐Singapore Tianjin eco‐city (SSTE) project. As part of a multi‐scalar process that taps into a host of mobile policy networks and ‘quick fix’ urban policy solutions that circulate around the world, such eco‐flagship prestige projects serve as powerful sites for the convergence of the boundaries between the social and technical and are highly symbolic places charged with the formidable task of constructing purportedly new forms of ecological urban imagineering and socio‐ecological lifeworlds. But to the extent that these eco‐flagship projects are often underwritten by state‐business growth coalition and driven by (green) entrepreneurial objectives, these urban ecological spaces are also necessarily implicated in broader normative debates and the challenge of constructing sustainable and socially just urban futures. As David Harvey has pointed out, insofar as all environmental‐ecological arguments are arguments about society and, therefore, complex refractions of all sorts of struggles being waged on other realms, eco‐cities inChina both reflect and embody the multiple contradictory tensions inherent in contemporary Chinese society.
Responsible family ownership in small‐ and medium‐sized family enterprises: an exploratory study
Authors: Aragón Amonarriz Cristina , Iturrioz Landart Cristina
Published: September 2014

The concept of responsible ownership was originally developed with reference to large, publicly held firms. However, the relevance of small‐ and medium‐sized closely held firms, such as family firms, in all economies and the specific governance and organisational characteristics of these firms require further examination of the responsible ownership concept and its operationalisation. Based on the existing literature, we define the construct of responsible family ownership to fill this gap in responsible ownership theory. We propose a scale that can be used to assess the responsible family ownership construct in small‐ and medium‐sized family enterprises. The data used in this exploratory study were collected in anad hocsurvey answered by a representative sample of 84 small‐ and medium‐sized family enterprises. The study contributes to the responsible ownership literature by presenting the responsible family ownership construct, a key driver of balance in family and firm systems that is therefore critical to the health of small‐ and medium‐sized family enterprises. In addition, a scale is proposed as a means to operationalise the construct and to derive practical implications for the governance of this kind of firms.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, monoclonal B‐lymphocytosis and pregnancy: five cases, a literature review and discussion of management
Authors: Hamad Nada , Kliman David , Best O. Giles , Caramins Melody , Hertzberg Mark , Lindeman Robert , Porter Ric , Mulligan Stephen P.
Published: September 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) occurs rarely with pregnancy and monoclonal B‐Lymphocytosis (MBL) has not previously been described in this setting. CLL is predominantly a disease of the elderly and affects men twice as often as women and hence only an estimated 2% of patients are females of childbearing age. We identified only five reported cases of CLL in pregnancy in the literature. We describe two additional cases, plus three other women with CLL dealing with pregnancy‐related decisions. We review the literature and discuss proposals for management and issues that arise in this relatively uncommon occurrence. In contrast to many other haematological malignancies where longer remissions are typically associated with a lower risk of relapse, most patients with CLL who require treatment will ultimately relapse with current therapy. This complex setting requires careful consideration and well informed patients to assist with decisions related to pregnancy.
Clinical and immunochemical profiles of food challenge proven or anaphylactic shrimp allergy in tropical Singapore
Authors: Thalayasingam M. , Gerez I. F. A. , Yap G. C. , Llanora G. V. , Chia I. P. , Chua L. , Lee C. J. A. O. , Ta L. D. H. , Cheng Y. K. , Thong B. Y. H. , Tang C. Y. , Van Bever H. P. S. , Shek L. P. , Curotto de Lafaille M. A. , Lee B. W.
Published: September 2014

Background

Shellfish allergy in Singapore is highly prevalent, and shrimp allergy is the most common.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and immunological phenotype of shellfish allergy in this population.

Methods

Patients with self‐reported shellfish allergy were recruited from outpatient clinics of three large hospitals and from a population survey. Open oral food challenges (OFC) to glass prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) were carried out on all patients except for those who had a history of severe anaphylaxis. Skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE to crude and recombinant allergens were carried out to evaluate shrimp and dust mite sensitization. Immunoblots were used to assess IgE‐binding proteins.

Results

The 104 patients recruited were categorized into shellfish allergic (SA) when OFC was positive or had a history of severe anaphylaxis (n = 39), shellfish tolerant (ST) when OFC was negative (n = 27), and house dust mite positive controls (HDM+) who were ST (n = 38). Oral symptoms (87.1%) were the predominant clinical manifestation. Positive challenge doses ranged from 2 to 80 g of cooked shrimp, with 25/52 patients reacting to either one or both shrimps challenged. The presence of specific IgE to shrimp either by SPT and/or ImmunoCAP® assay provided diagnostic test sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 22.2%. The inclusion of specific IgE to shrimp tropomyosin and IgE immunoblots with shrimp extracts did not improve the diagnostic proficiency substantially.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This study highlights the predominance of oral symptoms in shrimp allergy in tropical Asia and that a high provocation dose may be necessary to reveal shrimp allergy. Furthermore, specific IgE diagnostic tests and immunoblots were of limited use in this population.
The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae vaccine in a murine atopic dermatitis model
Authors: Liu L. , Guo D. , Liang Q. , Ding S. , Wu B. , Zhang L. , Li Q.
Published: September 2014

Background

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a potential treatment for house dust mite‐induced atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the mechanisms of action are not clear.

Objective

To establish a mouse model of AD in order to study the effect and mechanisms of SLIT.

Methods

Mice were sensitized and subsequently challenged by repeated cutaneous application of Der f allergen extract. Sensitized mice were SLIT‐treated with a Der f vaccine and analyzed for AD symptoms, histopathological and immunological parameters. This experiment was carried in the Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai University of TCM.

Results

Repeated application of Der f extract caused rapid increase in dermatitis scores. Clinical findings (scratching behaviour, dermatitis and oedema) and histological symptoms (inflammatory cell infiltration) in this model were very similar to those in human AD. Serum total and Der f‐specific IgE and IgG levels, and the expression level of T helper (Th)2 cytokine IL‐5, IL‐13; and Th1 cytokine IL‐12 and IFN‐γ were elevated compared with the control mice. SLIT treatment of sensitized mice markedly reduced the clinical and histopathological symptoms and decreased both Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The mouse model induced by Der f allergen extract reflected the typical hallmarks of human AD. In the Der f allergens‐sensitized mice, SLIT treatment with Der f vaccine was shown to significantly inhibit AD symptoms through correction of Th2 and Th1 cytokine predominance. Our study suggested that SLIT could be considered as an attractive treatment for patients with extrinsic AD.
Syntactic Complexity Effects in Sentence Production
Authors: Scontras Gregory , Badecker William , Shank Lisa , Lim Eunice , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: September 2014

Syntactic complexity effects have been investigated extensively with respect to comprehension (e.g., Demberg & Keller, 2008; Gibson, 1998, 2000; Gordon et al., 2001, 2004; Grodner & Gibson, 2005; King & Just, 1991; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005; Lewis et al., 2006; McElree et al., 2003; Wanner & Maratsos, 1978). According to one prominent class of accounts (experience‐based accounts; e.g., Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008; Gennari & MacDonald, 2008, 2009; Wells et al., 2009), certain structures cause comprehension difficulty due to their scarcity in the language. But why are some structures less frequent than others? In two elicited‐production experiments we investigated syntactic complexity effects in relative clauses (Experiment 1) and wh‐questions (Experiment 2) varying in whether or not they contained non‐local dependencies. In both experiments, we found reliable durational differences between subject‐extracted structures (which only contain local dependencies) and object‐extracted structures (which contain nonlocal dependencies): Participants took longer to begin and produce object‐extractions. Furthermore, participants were more likely to be disfluent in the object‐extracted constructions. These results suggest that there is a cost associated with planning and uttering the more syntactically complex, object‐extracted structures, and that this cost manifests in the form of longer durations and disfluencies. Although the precise nature of this cost remains to be determined, these effects provide one plausible explanation for the relative rarity of object‐extractions: They are more costly to produce.
Judging the Goring Ox: Retribution Directed Toward Animals
Authors: Goodwin Geoffrey P. , Benforado Adam
Published: September 2014

Prior research on the psychology of retribution is complicated by the difficulty of separating retributive and general deterrence motives when studying human offenders (Study 1). We isolate retribution by investigating judgments about punishing animals, which allows us to remove general deterrence from consideration. Studies 2 and 3 document a “victim identity” effect, such that the greater the perceived loss from a violent animal attack, the greater the belief that the culprit deserves to be killed. Study 3 documents a “targeted punishment” effect, such that the responsive killing of the actual “guilty” culprit is seen as more deserved than the killing of an almost identical yet “innocent” animal from the same species. Studies 4 and 5 extend both effects to participants' acceptance of inflicting pain and suffering on the offending animal at the time of its death, and show that both effects are mediated by measures of retributive sentiment, and not by consequentialist concerns.
788. LACHENALIA BULBIFERA
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: September 2014

The South African geophyte Lachenalia bulbifera (Cirillo) Engl. is one of the most striking and variable members of the genus and has a long coastal distribution. Details of its history, relationships and pollination biology are given, a recently published name for this species is reduced to synonymy, and notes on cultivation are provided.
789. ERYTHRONIUM CALIFORNICUM
Authors: Clennett Chris
Published: September 2014

The North American Erythronium californicum Purdy (Liliaceae) is illustrated and described. Details of its taxonomy, distribution and cultural requirements are also given.
794. IRIS FURSEORUM
Authors: Hall Tony , Seisums Arnis
Published: September 2014

A new juno iris for the Flora of Afghanistan, Iris furseorum T. Hall & Seisums, is described and illustrated. It was collected in N.E. Afghanistan by Paul and Polly Furse in 1966 and has been maintained in cultivation.
Clinical features and management of equine post operative ileus: Survey of diplomates of theEuropeanColleges ofEquineInternalMedicine (ECEIM) andVeterinarySurgeons (ECVS)
Authors: Lefebvre D. , Pirie R. S. , Handel I. G. , Tremaine W. H. , Hudson N. P. H.
Published: September 2014

Reasons for performing study

There is a need for an improved understanding of equine post operative ileus (POI), in terms of both clinical definition and optimal management. Although the pharmacological strategies that are used to treatPOIcontinue to evolve, little is known about the supplementary strategies used to prevent and manage this condition.

Objectives

To report the current strategies used to diagnose, prevent and managePOIfollowing emergency abdominal surgeries.

Study design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

An electronic survey invitation was sent by email to 306European college diplomates (EuropeanColleges ofEquineInternalMedicine,ECEIMn = 120, andVeterinarySurgeons,ECVSn = 186).

Results

The response rate was 33% (100 of 306). The median reported estimated incidence ofPOIwas 10–20%. The presence of reflux on nasogastric intubation was the main criterion used to definePOI. Lesions involving the small intestine were thought to be the leading risk factors for developingPOI. Anti‐inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial drugs and i.v. fluids were the primary preventative strategies when managing cases at high risk forPOI. Flunixin meglumine and lidocaine were the drugs most commonly used to treat horses withPOI. Supplementary preventative and treatment strategies forPOIincluded control of endotoxaemia, fluid therapy, early ambulation and judicious timing of post operative feeding.

Conclusions

Appreciation of the potential risk factors associated with the development ofPOIappeared to have an impact on the choice of management strategies that are implemented. The majority ofECEIMandECVSDiplomates in the survey used flunixin meglumine and lidocaine, often in combination, to treat horses withPOI, which is likely to reflect the contributory role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Various supplementary strategies were used to prevent and managePOIrisk factors intraoperatively and post operatively.
The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency in Patients with Helicobacter Pylori‐Infected Nodular Gastritis and the Serum Prohepcidin Level
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Yoneyama Osamu , Azumaya Masaki , Takeuchi Manabu , Sasaki Syun‐ya , Yokoyama Junji , Shioji Kazuhiko , Kawauchi Yusuke , Hashimoto Satoru , Nishigaki Yuuki , Kobayashi Masaaki , Sugimura Kazuhito , Honma Terasu , Narisawa Rintaro , Aoyagi Yutaka
Published: September 2014

Background and aims

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a causative agent for unexplained iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA). We evaluated many background factors influencing an iron‐deficiency state in adult patients with various H. pylori‐infected upper gastrointestinal tract diseases.

Method

Study 1: H. pylori‐infected 121 patients (nodular gastritis (NG) (n = 19), duodenal ulcer (DU) (n = 30), or gastric ulcer (GU) (n = 47), or gastric hyperplastic polyp (GHP) (n = 25)) were enrolled. The RBC count and hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, gastrin, and anti‐H. pylori antibody (Ab) levels in the serum were measured. Study 2: H. pylori‐infected 105 patients (NG, n = 19; DU, n = 43; GU, n = 32; GHP, n = 11) and non‐H. pylori‐infected individuals (n = 35) were examined for the levels of prohepcidin, ferritin, and iron in the serum. In addition, we measured the data before and after the H. pylori eradication.

Results

In the patients with GHP and NG, hypoferritinemia was observed in comparison with the GU and DU patients. In the GHP patients, low levels of PG I, a decreased PG I/II ratio, and hypergastrinemia were observed. The levels of serum prohepcidin in the patients with H. pylori‐associated disease were higher than those in the uninfected adults. In the patients with NG, the serum prohepcidin levels were higher than those in the other H. pylori‐infected patient groups and decreased after the eradication.

Conclusion

H. pylori‐related iron‐deficiency state might be associated with several factors, such as hypochlorhydria and hepcidin, in patients with GHP or NG.
Biomarker expression and druggable gene alterations for development of an appropriate therapeutic protocol for pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Watanabe Yukio , Shiraishi Kouya , Takahashi Fumiaki , Yoshida Akihiko , Suzuki Kenji , Asamura Hisao , Takeuchi Masahiro , Furuta Koh , Tsuta Koji
Published: September 2014

Aims

Pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is more aggressive than adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The genetic features and biomarkers of ASC are not well known. Here, we attempted to identify potential therapeutic markers for ASC.

Methods and results

Surgically resected ASC samples from 65 patients were analysed. We examined the expression of β III‐tubulin, thymidylate synthase, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1); identified mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS, BRAF and HER2; and detected ALK, ROS1 and RET rearrangements. Gene amplification and expression of EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), fibroblast growth factor receptor‐1 and MET were also examined. β III‐Tubulin showed the highest expression (P = 0.002), and its expression was more frequent in the AC than in the SCC component (P = 0.013). RRM1 expression was more frequent in the SCC component (P = 0.046). EGFR and KRAS mutations were detected in both components (21.5 and 10.9%, respectively). ALK and ROS1 rearrangements and MET amplification were detected in both components in one (1.5%) case.

Conclusions

In ASC, drug response‐specific gene alterations could occur in both AC and SCC components, suggesting that patients with confirmed or suspected ASC should undergo further testing for driver gene analyses.