bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inflammatory response to colloids and crystalloids used for pump priming during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: TAMAYO E. , ÁLVAREZ F. J. , ALONSO O. , CASTRODEZA J. , BUSTAMANTE R. , GÓMEZ‐HERRERAS J. I. , FLOREZ S. , RODRÍGUEZ R.
Published: August 2010

Background: Systemic inflammatory response frequently occurs after coronary artery bypass surgery and is strongly correlated with the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study tests the hypothesis that the priming of the extracorporeal circuit with colloid solutions results in less inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery than priming with crystalloid solutions.

Methods: A prospective, randomized study was designed. Forty‐four patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly allocated to one of two groups: 22 patients primed with Ringer's lactate (RL) solution and 22 patients primed with gelatin‐containing solution during the surgery. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and, complement 4 were measured during the surgical intervention and over the following 48 postoperative hours. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‐linked assays from plasma samples obtained at specific time points pre‐ and post‐operatively.

Results: In both groups the serum levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α), CRP, complement 4, and leukocytes increased significantly over the baseline, although no significant differences were observed between the two groups. The operation time, blood loss, need for inotropic support, extubation time, and length of intensive care unit stay did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusion: Priming with gelatin vs. RL produces no significant differences in the inflammatory response in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Comparison of three doses of epidural fentanyl followed by bupivacaine and fentanyl for labor analgesia
Authors: SIDDIK‐SAYYID S. M. , TAHA S. K. , AZAR M. S. , HAKKI M. A. , YAMAN R. A. , BARAKA A. S. , AOUAD M. T.
Published: August 2010

Background: Epidural fentanyl 100 μg after lidocaine–epinephrine test dose has been shown to provide adequate analgesia in early labor. This investigation determines the effect of three different bolus doses of epidural fentanyl on duration and quality of analgesia during early first stage of labor.

Methods: In this prospective, double‐blind study, 103 laboring nulliparous at cervical dilation <5 cm were enrolled. After an epidural test dose of lidocaine (60 mg) with epinephrine (15 μg), parturients received, randomly, bolus of epidural fentanyl 50, 75, or 100 μg, followed by a continuous infusion of epidural bupivacaine 0.0625% and fentanyl 3 μg/ml at a rate of 10 ml/h. Pain scores and maternal sedation, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were recorded 10, 20, and 30 min after fentanyl, and every 30 min thereafter until first request for additional analgesia.

Results: Adequate analgesia was achieved in 87% (28/32), 94% (35/38), and 94% (31/33) in the fentanyl 50, 75, and 100 μg groups within 20 min. Mean duration of analgesia before re‐dosing was significantly longer in fentanyl 100 and 75 μg groups (185.6±82.9 and 188.5±82.2 min, respectively) as compared with fentanyl 50 μg group (133.6±46.2 min, P<0.016). There was no difference in the incidence of maternal side effects or neonatal Apgar scores among the three groups.

Conclusion: After a test dose of lidocaine–epinephrine, the three epidural fentanyl doses produced similar effective labor analgesia. However, epidural fentanyl 75 μg followed by epidural infusion of dilute bupivacaine and fentanyl produced longer duration of analgesia than fentanyl 50 μg followed by the same infusion, with no further prolongation when the dose of fentanyl was increased up to 100 μg.
High‐volume infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: ANDERSEN L. Ø. , HUSTED H. , OTTE K. S. , KRISTENSEN B. B. , KEHLET H.
Published: August 2010

Background: High‐volume infiltration analgesia may be effective with a low risk of side effects in hip and knee arthroplasty. The present placebo‐controlled study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic effect of high‐volume infiltration analgesia in bilateral total knee arthroplasty, along with a detailed description of the infiltration technique.

Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 12 patients undergoing bilateral knee arthroplasty, saline or high‐volume (170 ml) ropivacaine (0.2%) with epinephrine was infiltrated around each knee, with repeated doses administered through an intra‐articular catheter for 24 h and pain and opioid requirements assessed for 48 h in a fast‐track setting.

Results: Pain at rest and during movement was significantly reduced for up to 32 h with the high‐volume local anesthetic infiltration technique. No major side effects were observed. The median hospital stay was 4 days.

Conclusion: High‐volume infiltration analgesia is effective in knee arthroplasty and, due to its simplicity, may be preferable compared with other analgesic techniques in knee arthroplasty.
Effect of intraoperative magnesium sulphate infusion on pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: MENTES O. , HARLAK A. , YIGIT T. , BALKAN A. , BALKAN M. , COSAR A. , SAVASER A. , KOZAK O. , TUFAN T.
Published: August 2010

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the analgesic efficiency of perioperative magnesium sulphate infusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind trial study, 83 patients were divided into two groups. Group MT received 50 mg/kg i.v. magnesium sulphate in 100 ml of 0.9% normal saline and Group T received the same volume of isotonic saline during the intraoperative period. The cumulative post‐operative tramadol consumption was measured to assess the analgesic effect using a patient‐controlled analgesia device. Pain intensities at rest and while coughing were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post‐operatively.

Results: The pain scores in Group MT were significantly lower than Group T at 0, 4, and 12 h post‐operatively. The average of visual analogue scale at rest and during cough during 24 h post‐operatively was found to be statistically significant between groups. The total dose of tramadol the 24‐h period in Group MT and Group T was found to be 281.34±90.82 and 317.46±129.59, respectively.

Conclusion: Per‐operative 50 mg/kg magnesium sulphate infusion is effective in reducing post‐operative pain in patients undergoing LC.
Are Monomorphic Species Really Sexually Indistinguishable: No Evidence in Wild Long‐Tailed Finches (Poephila acuticauda)
Authors: Van Rooij Erica P. , Griffith Simon C.
Published: August 2010

Studies of sexual selection have focused mainly on dimorphic and/or polygynous species, where males, typically possess more exaggerated secondary sexual characters. However in many species, receiving far less attention, the expression of ornamental traits by females matches that in males. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain sexual monomorphism, including mutual mate choice, genetic correlation, weak sexual selection and sexual indistinguishability. The sexual indistinguishability hypothesis suggests that sexual monomorphism is an adaption to avoid competition in monogamous flock‐living species. Based on measurements of museum skins and domesticated birds in Europe, the Australian long‐tailed finch was classified as a sexually monomorphic species, providing the best empirical support for the sexual indistinguishability hypothesis. Using both domestic and wild long‐tailed finches, we have re‐evaluated the extent to which the sexes are really indistinguishable. Morphological measurements of wing, tail, tail streamers, tarsus, bill and patch size, and colour spectrometric measurements of the yellow upper mandible and grey crown, were compared between the sexes. While the sexes are similar, males and females nonetheless differed in seven of ten traits in wild populations. In domestic populations, the sexes differed to a lesser extent but were still significantly different at three of ten traits, and discriminant analysis showed that 92% of wild individuals and 89% of domestic individuals could reliably be sexed based on just these morphological traits. Contrary to previous work, this study demonstrates that wild long‐tailed finches are sexually dimorphic, and that the similarity between males and females in this species cannot be explained by the sexual indistinguishability hypothesis.
Repertoire Sharing and Song Similarity between Great Tit Males Decline with Distance between Forest Fragments
Authors: Rivera‐Gutierrez Hector F. , Matthysen Erik , Adriaensen Frank , Slabbekoorn Hans
Published: August 2010

Birdsong can play a critical role in establishing a territory and finding a mate among individuals from local and foreign populations. Variation in birdsong among populations can be influenced by habitat fragmentation and might affect successful dispersal among habitat fragments. We studied variation in great tit song in a long‐term study population distributed over nine forest fragments. All individual males recorded had a known dispersal history within the fragmented forest habitat. We found spatial structure of declining song‐type sharing with distance, with a marked drop from an individual’s own forest fragment to another across a habitat gap. We also found decreasing song similarity among increasingly distant fragments in terms of temporal and spectral characteristics of shared song types. The change in acoustic structure was more gradual and seemed less affected by habitat discontinuity but also showed a tight correlation with dispersal index among forest fragments. Immigrant birds shared fewer song types with neighbouring birds that were born within the same forest fragment, but not less compared to birds born in another forest fragment within the study area. Our data provide detailed insight into the relationship between song differentiation and male dispersal and contribute to our understanding of the potential role of song in reproductive exchange and avian speciation. The fact that birds in small forest fragments shared more songs than birds in larger forest fragments confirms that song analysis has potential as a tool for conservation in rare species.
Survival of sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies in large field cages after release at different ages
Authors: McInnis D. O. , Paranhos B. J. , Shelly T. E.
Published: August 2010

In Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) sterile insect technique (SIT) programs worldwide, sterile flies are usually released at 2–3 days of age. However, they usually do not reach full sexual maturity until ca. 5 days of age. We tested whether holding sterile males longer at a fly emergence and release facility, until they were 5 days old, might result in significantly more flies surviving to reach sexual maturity in the field. In large field cages in Hawaii, we released sterile Mediterranean fruit fly males 2 or 5 days old under conditions where food and water were provided, or not provided. Flies were released 2 days after peak emergence in one field cage, while they were released 5 days after peak emergence in a second field cage. The numbers of flies flying out and remaining (dead, dying or non‐flying) in the holding boxes were recorded on the day of fly release. At 5 and 8 days of fly age, the size of the male fly populations were estimated using trimedlure‐baited traps placed into each of the two field cages for a 30‐min period when the numbers of flies trapped were compared. Following six tests (three replications each with and without water and sugar provided), the differences in fly captures (i.e. survival) between 2 days vs. 5 days old releases were highly significant. With food and water provided, several times as many flies from the 5‐day‐old release field cage were captured at 5 and 8 days of age compared to the 2‐day‐old release field cage. These differences were magnified under conditions of no food and water provided. Holding Mediterranean fruit flies longer prior to release, requires more holding space and food, but will lead to significantly greater numbers of sexually mature flies in the field.
Hepato‐biliary clinical trials and their inclusion in the Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group register and reviews
Authors: Klingenberg Sarah Louise , Nikolova Dimitrinka , Alexakis Nicholas , Als‐Nielsen Bodil , Colli Agostino , Conte Dario , D'Amico Gennaro , Davidson Brian , Fingerhut Abe , Fraquelli Mirella , Gluud Lise Lotte , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Keus Frederik , Khan Saboor , Koretz Ronald , van Laarhoven Cornelis , Liu Jianping , Myers Robert , Pagliaro Luigi , Simonetti Rosa , Sutton Robert , Thorlund Kristian , Gluud Christian
Published: August 2010

Background and Aims:  The Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group (CHBG) is one of the 52 collaborative review groups within The Cochrane Collaboration. The activities of the CHBG focus on collecting hepato‐biliary randomized clinical trials (RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT), and including them in systematic reviews with meta‐analyses of the trials. In this overview, we present the growth of The CHBG Controlled Trials Register, as well as the systematic reviews that have been produced since March 1996.

Results:  The CHBG register includes almost 11 000 RCT and 700 CCT publications. The earliest RCT in the register were published in 1955, and the earliest CCT in 1945. From 1945 to 1980, there were less than 100 publications each year. From 1981 to 1997, their number increased from over 100 to 600 a year. After 1997, the number of publications seems to have been decreasing. The CHBG has published 199 protocols for systematic reviews and 107 systematic reviews through to August 2009 in which 21% of the RCT and CCT were included. The CHBG reviews have been cited approximately 1200 times.

Conclusions:  A large amount of work has been carried out since 1996. However, there is still much to do, as the CHBG register contains a great number of RCT and CCT on topics that have not yet been systematically reviewed.
Clinical and immunohistochemical features of 34 solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Nguyen Nam Q , Johns Amber L , Gill Anthony J , Ring Nicole , Chang David K , Clarkson Annette , Merrett Neil D , Kench James G , Colvin Emily K , Scarlett Christopher J , Biankin Andrew V
Published: August 2010

Background and Aim:  Clinicopathological data regarding pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPT) in a multiethnic country are limited. The aim of the present study was to characterize pancreatic SPT in Australia.

Methods:  Clinicopathological features, treatment, immunohistochemical findings and outcome data of 34 patients (79% Caucasian, 12% Asian, 6% South Pacific Islander and 3% African) with pancreatic SPT were reviewed.

Results:  The most presenting complaint was abdominal pain. Median diameter of tumors was 60 mm (range: 20–220); predominantly located in the pancreatic tail (tail : body :  head = 23:3:8). All tumors were resected and patients underwent surgery, including a liver resection for metastasis, all patients were alive after a median follow up of 70 months (IQR: 48–178). Two patients underwent repeated surgery for local recurrences with liver metastases after 8 and 18 months, which were successfully managed by surgical resection. Completeness of excision, perineural spread, vascular space invasion, mitotic rate and cellular atypia did not predict recurrence. In all cases, there was aberrant nuclear staining of beta‐catenin and a loss of membranous expression of E‐cadherin with aberrant nuclear localization of the cytoplasmic domain. Most pancreatic SPT were also strongly positive for CD10 (96%), progesterone receptor (79%), cytokeratin (28%), synapthophysin (26%) and chromogranin (15%).

Conclusions:  Pancreatic SPT occur in all races and are uniformly indolent. Given complete resection of a pancreatic SPT is usually curative and recurrences can be treated with re‐operation, correct diagnosis is important.
Peritoneal dialysis practice in Australia and New Zealand: A call to action
Authors: JOSE MATTHEW D , JOHNSON DAVID W , MUDGE DAVID W , TRANÆUS ANDERS , VOSS DAVID , WALKER ROWAN , BANNISTER KYM M
Published: August 2010

Peritoneal dialysis technique survival in Australia and New Zealand is lower than in other parts of the world. More than two‐thirds of technique failures are related to infective complications (predominantly peritonitis) and ‘social reasons’. Practice patterns vary widely and more than one‐third of peritoneal dialysis units do not meet the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis minimum accepted peritonitis rate. In many cases, poor peritonitis outcomes reflect significant deviations from international guidelines. In this paper we propose a series of practical recommendations to improve outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients through appropriate patient selection, prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications, investigation of social causes of technique failure and a greater focus on patient education and clinical governance.
SÉZARY SYNDROME: REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE SHOWING SYSTEMIC DEGENERATIVE CHANGE OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Tateishi Ryuhei , Wada Akira , Fujimoto Yukio , Inoue Shozo
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of Sezary syndrome is presented. Brief clinical records, major gross and microscopic findings are described. The histological findings characterized by a presence of perivascular edema and fibrosis associated with a proliferation of histiomonocytic cells are so striking as to suggest that this exceptional disease may comprise a distinct clinical and anatomical entity. We consider that Sezary syndrome is a reactive reticulosis that is dependent on a primary degenerative state of the connective tissue.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PRIMARY OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Kikuchi Kokichi , Nakamura Kyoji , Nakajima Fumio , Ohmuro Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the urinary bladder is reporte, and 20 comparable cases in the past literatures are reviewed. A careful study must be done before classifying a tumor as an osteogenic sarcoma, because there are many variants of bladder carcinomas.

The possible histogenesis of osteogenic sarcoma of the bladder is discussed.
ROLE OF THE RETICULAR CELLS DURING MATURATION PROCESS OF THE ERYTHROBLAST
Authors: Seki Masatoshi , Yoneyama Tatsuo , Shirasawa Haruyuki
Published: August 2010

Through electron microscopic observations of the normal mouse spleen, the following findings were obtained concerning denucleation mechanism of the erythroblast:

1. In mice the nuclei of the erythroblasts are denucleated by phagocytic activity of the reticular cell, located in the center of the erythroblastic islets. In a physiologic state, this mechanism is considered to be playing the main role in denucleation.

2. The protoplasmic projection of the reticular cell compresses and makes an infolding between the head and body of the orthochromatic erythroblast, and finally the head is cut off and phagocytized by this reticular cell, leaving the body to develop into a reticulocyte.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS WITH NECROTIZING PULMONARY ARTERITIS
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Ito Hisaaki , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case charactarized by changes consistent with recurent interstitial pneumonitis accentuated by necrotizing inflammation of the pulmonary arteries and renal glomeruli was reported.

The mechanisms involved in the causation of the set of organic lesions are discussed in the light of other expressions of collagen diseases.

Secondary pulmonary hypertension may have played a role in inducing the arterial lesions in the lung.
PATHOLOGY OF RENAL INTERSTITIUM: ‐ESPECIALLY IN VARIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES‐
Authors: TAKAMIYA Haruo
Published: August 2010

Studies were made with main emphasis on changes in the renal interstitium, using 301 cases including various forms of metabolic disease, drug‐induced nephritis, viral disease, scarlet fever, delayed sepsis, obsolete pulmonary abscess, various cases in the state of prolonged sensitization, various types of collagen disease and glomerulonephritis. Pyelonephritis was excluded from this study, because it was caused directly by bacterial infection.

The results induced from the study are that there are two types of interstitial nephritis: the primary type which originates in the interstitium by way of the vascular system and the secondary type which first develops degeneration or necrosis in the tubular epithelium, being followed by an interstitial inflammation. In the former the changes of the interstitium are a simultaneous affair with those of the glomeruli. When diseases are in an allergic hyperergic condition, changes of the glomeruli are more conspicuous than those of the interstitium, though the lesions are diffuse and intense in both. With the state of prolonged sensitization of the diseases or in collagen disease, inflammatory processes become localized within a part of each glomerulus and focalized also in the interstitium, forming such lesions as collected lymphocytic infiltration, occasional lymph follicles or focal fibrosis with proliferation of capillaries and small vessels. When these focalized lesions are seen markedly in the interstitium, an introduction of the morphological expression “Primary interstitial nephritis” is necessary. In typical chronic primary interstitial nephritis, though small in number, the focal interstitial lesions stand out prominent, the glomerular changes being minimal and hyperazotemia is clinically manifest or may become a cause of death. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 279–309, 1970.
HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SPONTANEOUS RENAL LESIONS OF PRAOMYS (MASTOMYS) NATALENSIS
Authors: KOZIMA Keniti , MUROHASHI Takeshi , SOGA Jun , TAZAWA Kenji
Published: August 2010

A high incidence of renal lesions (120 of 164) was confirmed in Mastomys. As high as 86.4% of the tumor‐bearing cases developed renal lesions, while 50.8% of animals without tumors were involved by such lesions. Glomerulonephritis was the most frequent with an incidence of 88.3% of the cases. An increase of the mesangial matrix was the initial form. Almost one‐third of glomerulonephritis cases were complicated by pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis. Tumor‐bearing cases had more advanced lesions in an average severity, although a half of them had only mild changes. Immunohistochemical studies revealed localization of globulins and beta 1C along the walls of the glomerular tufts suggesting deposition of immune complexes. Nodular homogenous deposits in close contact to the basement membrane were ultrastructurally evidenced in the glomeruli. A tiny adenoma was found in a male case with stomach tumor. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 311 ‐ 325, 1970.
A SURVEY OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF CYCADS AND MORTALITY RATE FROM CANCER IN THE MIYAKO ISLANDS, OKINAWA*
Authors: HIRONO Iwao , KACHI Hideki , KATO Takehiko
Published: August 2010

In 1959, the Miyako islands, Okinawa were continually attacked by typhoons and the natives who had lost their agricultural products subsisted largely on cycads. Since cycad compounds have a carcinogenic effect in a variety of laboratory animals, it is possible that they could become carcinogenic agents after ingestion in humans. The present authors attempted a statistical survey of the mortality from cancer during the years 1961 through 1966 to follow‐up the tumor incidence among these natives. Mortality from stomach cancer in the Miyako islands was lower than in interior Japan. Although there was no significant difference in death rate for hepatoma between the two, it was higher in TJeno and Irabu district. The death rate for liver cirrhosis in the Miyako islands was higher than that in interior Japan, especially it was most prominent in Tarama district. These statistical results in each district was not proportional to the rate of ingestion of cycad material during the time of famine. However, most natives in these islands have long used this plant as a food before and during World War II. High death rate for liver cirrhosis in the Miyako islands may have some correlation to such a habit of the natives. Symptoms of an acute toxicity of cycad in humans were also studied on 18 patients. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 327 ‐ 337, 1970.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF CIRRHOTIC LIVER ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM: –A Case Report–
Authors: SOGA Jun , TERADA Ichiro , KASUKAWA Masao , KOIZUMI Fumitomo
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural observation has been made on a cirrhotic liver in a 44‐year‐old man with a known history of heavy whisky consumption for the past 20 years. Observations were mainly focussed on the mitochondrial changes and perinuclear amorphous granular bodies presumably identical to the so‐called Mallory's alcoholic hyalines.

The mitochondrial changes consisted of (1) gigantism and disfiguration of the mitochondria, (2) presence of intramitochondrial crystalline inclusions, (3) aggregation and disorientation of microtubular cristae, and (4) increase in the number and size of mitochondrial granules.

The perinuclear amorphous granular bodies were limited in part by an incomplete membrane outlined by scattered electron‐dense bodies suggestive of altered lysosomes, and contained irregularly distributed filamentous structures that were often paired not unlike the fragmented cristae of mitochondria. It is emphasized that these structures are consistent with the so‐called Mallory's alcoholic hyaline bodies and that they make up one of the forms described as focal cytoplasmic degradation.

Since no definite evidence of transitional forms has been observed, the relationship between the altered mitochondria and Mallory's hyaline bodies has not been established. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 339 ‐ 356, 1970.
FINE STRUCTURE OF XANTHELASMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: TAKEBAYASHI Shigeo
Published: August 2010

The foam cell of xanthelasma of the stomach is lipid laden histiocyte having a number of microvilli measuring approximately 0.1 μ in width and 2–3μ in length. In the cytoplasm, a number of lipid particles of vacuolar type and osmophilic type were seen but the former type was more numerous.

Lipid particles were also observed in the plasma cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells of the lesion and all these particles were of vacuolar type. It was estimated that the lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm in case of xanthelasma of the stomach is not entirely caused by phagocytosis but by localized change in metabolic pathway of lipid. It is most likely that lipid consists of various constituents including from neutral fat to fatty acids. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 357–363, 1970.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF KASABACH‐MERRITT SYNDROME
Authors: TANAKA Ryozo , OHNISHI Yoshihisa , FUJIMAKI Shigeo
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome in an infant has been reported. Clinically, multiple congenital subcutaneous hemangiomata, severe thrombocytopenia, considerable anemia and abnormal blood cells in the peripheral blood were observed. Postmortem examination revealed remarkable extramedullary hematopoiesis in various organs, hyperplasia of bone marrow and alveolar and glomerular dysplasia. Discussing these findings, we have reached an assumption that Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome may be a state of developmental anomaly of angiomesenchyma. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 365–378, 1970.
ATAXIA‐TELANGIECTASIA
Authors: MATSUO Takeshi , MUTO Yoshihiro , TSUCHIYAMA Hideo
Published: August 2010

The clinical history and pathological findings in a case of ataxia‐telangiectasia are reported.

Clinically the case showed characteristic neurological manifestations and telangiectases with frequent respiratory infections. Absence of IgA immunoglobulins was demonstrated. There is parental consanguinity and a younger sister is also affected.

The significant histological abnormalities in the central nervous system were a severe degeneration of the cerebellar cortex. Both lungs were fibrotic with old bronchopneumonia and bronchiectasis. There were atrophy, and perhaps hypoplasia of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 379 ‐ 385, 1970.
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX OF RATS ‐ ITS EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION In Vivo
Authors: Sugihara Hajime
Published: August 2010

The development and tissue differentiation of the adrenal cortex of rats were studied by giving experimental treatments to the fetus in vivo. A low‐AGTH‐condition was given to the fetus by administrating Dexamethasone through its mother, or directly into the subcutaneous tissue of the fetus, or by decapitation, brain aspiration or hypophysectomy. When the fetus was given the low‐ACTH‐condition for the last 5 days or more, the hypoplastic adrenal cortex developed specifically. It had nearly normal zona glomerulosa (ZG), and poorly differentiated zona fasciculo‐reticularis (ZF‐R) without differentiated ZF‐R. The observing day was settled at 21 1/2 days old. The shorter the period of low‐ACTH‐condition was, the more thickened the differentiated zone (ZF‐R) grew. On the contrary, the poorly differentiated layer became thinner in proportion to the period of low‐ACTH‐condition. The poorly differentiated cortical cell had ACTH‐reactivity. It seems that the development and tissue differentiation of the ZF‐R depend on fetal own ACTH, and poorly differentiated cortical cells appear below the ZG, and differentiate by ACTH and were gradually pushed inside. The zona glomerulosa develops and differentiates without dependence of ACTH. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 759‐773, 1977.
ACCOMPANYING GASTRO‐ENTERIC LESIONS IN FAMILIAL ADENOMATOSIS COLI
Authors: Watanabe Hidenobu , Enjoji Muaetomo , Yao Tsuneyoshi , Iida Mitsuo , Ohsato Keiichi
Published: August 2010

An effort was made to detect accompanying gastro‐enteric lesions in 26 patients with familial adenomatosis coli (FAG) belonging to 18 pedigrees. One or more types of various gastric lesions were found in 17 (65.4%) of the 26 patients, these gastric lesions consisting of adenoma in 11 cases, fundic gland polyposis in six, carcinoma in three and microcarcinoid in two. The fundic gland polyposis composed of simple hyperplasia of the fundic glands seems to be peculiar to FAC. Duodenal lesions were present in all of the 19 patients examined and consisted of “carcinoma in adenoma” in one case and adenoma in 18 cases in which one had a microcarcinoid in addition. Out of 16 cases investigated through the entire jejunum and ileum by endoscopy and/or at autopsy, eight (50%) showed small polyps limited to the proximal jejunum. Histologic study showed adenoma in five of them. In the remaining three, polyps did seem clearly to be adenoma on endoscopy. Only four (25%) cases revealed one or a few neoplastic lesions restricted to the distal ileum. Histologic study showed malignant lymphoma in one case, and adenoma in three. The present study strongly suggests that accompanying gastroenteric lesions are higher in incidence than previously considered, and special attention should be given to the stomach and small intestine as well as to the colon and rectum. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 823‐839, 1977.
ENHANCEMENT OF PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ‐INDUCED DNA SYNTHESIS OF MOUSE THYMOCYTES AND T‐LYMPHOCYTES BY A NEUTRAL PROTEASE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Yoshinaga Masaru , Nakamura Shuji , Higuchi Shigenori
Published: August 2010

Mouse thymocytes were poorly triggered in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to induce DNA synthesis and the response was markedly enhanced by culture supernatant (SUP) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The PMN factor was nondialysable, heat‐labile and precipitated with 65% ammonium sulphate. Its molecular weight was approximately 19,000 on sephadex G‐75. The sephadex fraction had a proteolytic activity on 3H‐acetyl hemoglobin at neutral pH. The protease seemed to be a chymotrypsin‐like enzyme on the basis of inhibition profile using various protease inhibitors. The thymocyte‐helping activity in the protease fraction was absorbed by affinity columns of protease inhibitors. The PMN‐protease also enhanced the DNA synthesis by antigen‐stimulated lymph node cells and by PHA‐stimulated T‐lymphocytes, but not by LPS‐stimulated B‐lymphocytes. Only the lymphocytes already been stimulated with antigen or mitogen received preferentially the helping action by PMN‐protease. The helping activity was effectively absorbed by PHA‐stimulated thymocytes but not by nonstimulated thymocytes. These evidences seems to suggest that acceptor sites for the protease, newly developed on lymphocyte surface after stimulation, may play an important role in the enhanced DNA synthetic response. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 857‐868, 1977.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF HEPATIC INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL CRYSTALLOID INCLUSIONS (IMCI)
Authors: Tange Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2010

A 45‐year‐old female with systemic lupus erythematosus underwent liver biopsies twice during the period of cefazolin administration and a complication of cefazolin‐induced toxic hepatitis was strongly suggested. Histologically, a small number of spindle‐shaped, esoinophilic crystalloid bodies were faintly noticed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections, while they showed strong positivity for stains inherent to mitochondria as well as specific to phospholipid and sharply showed a spindle or needle shaped configuration. Moreover, they greatly increased in number in these sections. They were distributed throughout the parenchyma but were prominent in the degenerated hepatocytes with slight fatty metamorphosis. Electron microscopically, they proved to correspond to the intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusions (IMCI). Despite many ultrastructural descriptions of the IMCI, precise histopathological examination of the IMCI referring to the staining property on the deparaffinated sections has not yet been described since the first report of the IMCI by Napolitano (1958).14
A PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON EOSINOPHILIC LYMPHFOLLICULOID GRANULOMA (KIMURA'S DISEASE)
Authors: Ishikawa Eisei , Tanaka Hisako , Kakimoto Shinichi , Takasaki Satoshi , Kirino Yuji , Sakata Akihiko , Suzuki Masafumi
Published: August 2010

The present study Included 46 cases of eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma(Kimura's disease), which occurred mainly in males between the ages of 11 to 52 years. The common sites were the soft tissue of the head and neck region. Although recurrence was not infrequent, the clinical course was benign. Laboratory findings revealed eosinophilia and frequent elevation of serum IgE. The histological characteristics consisted of proliferation of lymphoid follicles and granulation tissue with infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes, some degree of vascular proliferation, and fibrosis. With the appliance of unlabeled peroxidase‐antiperoxidase method, a marked reticular reaction of IgE was confirmed in the germinal center of the folliculoid structure, and there were quite a number of IgE producing plasma cells. Many mast cells with IgE bound to their cell surface were seen in the granulation tissue. Toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy revealed fairly well preserved granules in mast cells, being quite different from the changes seen in type I allergy.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON PLASMA CELL OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Yasuma Tsuguo , Nakajima Yutaka
Published: August 2010

Clinicopathologic findings of a case of chronic plasma cell ostoemyelitis of a sixteen years old Japanese boy who underwent surgery under the diagnosis of malignant bone tumor of the proximal tibial metaphysis, have been presented. Sixty‐one cases of chronic plasma cell osteomyelitis including this case were reviewed. The authors described that it is necessary to make a careful differentiation between these cases and solitary myeloma clinically and microscopically.
BILATERAL RENAL DYSPLASIA ACCOMPANIED BY PANCREATIC FIBROSIS, MECONIUM ILEUS, AND SITUS INVERSUS TOTALIS
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasuji , Watanabe Teruo , Kato Nobuyoshi
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of bilateral renal dysplasia with other congenital malformations is reported. Malformations included severe pancreatic fibrosis with meconium ileus, situs inversus totalis, cardiovascular anomalies, and others. The only syndrome of multiple congenital malformations involving renal dysplasia which is similar to the present case is Ivemark's syndrome, though the present case lacked hepatic lesions. Apart from the pancreatic lesion, there were no abnormalities compatible with cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis). It was considered that meconium ileus in the present case was caused by pancreatic achylia secondary to severe pancreatic fibrosis, unrelated to cystic fibrosis, but closely allied to renal dysplasia.
EPIDERMOID CYST OF ACCESSORY SPLEEN
Authors: Hanada Masato , Kimura Masaharu , Kitada Masayuki , Nakajima Toshio , Yamada Kentaro , Yoshii Machiko
Published: August 2010

A case of a 51‐year‐old male with calcified epidermoid cyst arising from an accessory spleen in the tail of the pancreas is reported. This appears, to the best of our knowledge, to be the first report of such a case.
CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY FOR POLYMORPHONUCLEAR AND MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL FLUIDS
Authors: Okamoto Tsutomu , Ueda Keishi , Kambara Takeshi , Kutsuna Tatsuo
Published: August 2010

In order to why polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are predominant and mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) are few in rheumatoid synovial fluids, chemotactic factor(s) for PMNs and MNLs were studied in the synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (RA‐SF) and osteoarthritis (OA‐SF) using both Boyden's and agarose methods. The RA‐SF showed strong chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood PMNs compared with non‐rheumatoid OA‐SF. The chemotactic activity for PMNs was well correlated with the number of PMNs in RA‐SF, suggesting that it was a natural mediator for PMN emigration into rheumatoid joint cavity. The major chemotactic factor for PMN in RA‐SF was of apparent molecular weight of 14,000 and its activity was suppressed to less than 10 percent by anti‐C5a antibody, but it failed to show any anaphylatoxin activity which was an attribute of C5a. It was, therefore, suggested to be C5a‐like molecule but not C5a itself. The possibility that the factor may be a C5a des‐Arg was discussed. On the contrary, the chemotactic activity for MNLs was not found neither in RA‐SF nor OA‐SF. These findings may explain the fact that PMNs are predominant in rheumatoid synovial fluids.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF PROLACTIN IN THE HUMAN PITUITARY PROLACTINOMAS AND ITS CHANGES BY BROMOCRIPTINE TREATMENT
Authors: Osamuea R. Yoshiyuki , Teramoto Akira , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: August 2010

Fourteen human prolactinomas, four of which received bromocriptine treatment, were studied by immunoelectron microscopy to observe the intracellular localization of prolactin (PRL). In the untreated cases two different patterns of PRL localization were noted. In the first type (Type I) PRL was seen in Golgi saccules, single stacks of rough endoplasmlc retlculum (RER), and a few secretory granules and in the second type (Type II) it was present in the predominant parallel arrays of RER. Type II cells were observed more frequently in the cases with higher serum prolactin levels. In the treated cases with normalized serum prolactin levels, the tumor cells showed accumulation of secretory granules. This finding suggested secretory inhibition. RER and Golgi saccules were inconspicuous in these cells and this might indicate decreased production of PRL. In a case which was resistant to the bromocriptine treatment, most tumor cells were similar in ultrastructural localization of PRL to those cells in the untreated cases and this might suggest the lack of dopamine receptor.
DETECTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND OTHER SERUM PROTEINS IN THE DERMAL AND GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY WALLS FROM PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Inoue Wataru , Tomino Yasuhiko , Miura Masahiko , Yagame Mitsunori , Nomoto Yasuo , Sakai Hideto
Published: August 2010

Deposition of immunoglobulins or acute phase reactant (APR) proteins in the dermal and glomerular capillary walls from patients with diabetes mellitus was examined to determine whether development of microangiopathy in such patients was related to exudation and/or entrapment of these proteins. Skin and renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with diabetic nephropathy and diabetes mellitus without nephropathy. These biopsy samples were stained with FITC‐labeled anti‐human IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, APR proteins, and β‐Hpoprotein antisera. Linear depositions of IgA, IgG and/or APR proteins were observed in the dermal and/or glomerular capillary walls from some patients with diabetic nephropathy or diabetes mellitus without nephropathy. It is indicated that deposition of such immunoglobulins in the dermal and glomerular capillary walls might be due to exudation and/or entrapment of these substances in patients with diabetes mellitus.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON MUCOSAL CHANGES IN SMALL INTESTINE OF RAT BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF RICIN: I. Microscopical Observation
Authors: Sekine Ichiro , Kawase Yoshihisa , Nishimori Issei , Mitarai Masako , Harada Hiromichi , Ishiguro Masatsune , Kikutani Motosuke
Published: August 2010

A histological study on small intestine of Wistar rats after oral administration of ricin, a proteinous toxin from castor bean seeds, was carried out. In Experiment I, the jejunum was examined at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 24, and 40 hours after oral administration of ricin 30 mg/kg. In Experiment II, ricin was administered at dose of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, and after 5 hours the jejunum, mid‐portion, and ileum were examined. For comparison, ricin 0.5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally and castor bean hemagglutinin (CBH) 30 mg/kg orally. In both experiments, the changes of mucosa were essentially similar dependent on time‐lapse and dose respectively, which were atrophy of villus, elongation of crypt, degeneration of epithelium, decrease of goblet cell, fusion of intervillous epithelia, infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, and dissociation between epithelium and lamina propria. These changes were most manifest in the jejunum that was contacted with ricin first in a high concentration. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of ricin caused only dissociation between epithelium and lamina propria and oral administration of CBH caused only milder atrophic changes. The evidences suggest that the mucosal changes by oral administration were caused by direct contact with ricin.
HYPOTHALAMIC GANGLIOCYTOMA: Selective Appearance of Neurofibrillary Changes, Granulovacuolar Degeneration, and Argentophilic Bodies
Authors: Kudo Motoshige
Published: August 2010

A hamartomatous gangliocytoma was observed in the hypothalamus of a 54‐year‐old woman. The ganglion cells were atypical, highly pleomorphic and often multinucleated, and they possessed neurofibrillary changes, granulovacuolar degeneration, and argentophilic bodies. The neuronal changes were highly selective and were not found in other parts of the brain. The tumor was also characterized by the presence of angiomatous blood vessels having such degenerative changes as fibrosis and thrombosis. The angiomatous blood vessels were found only in the lesion. The ultrastructural features of the neuroflbrillary changes were similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease. Vascular alterations have been suggested to be a possible contributor to the morphogenesis of neuroflbrillary changes. In this case the exact etiology of these neuronal changes remains unclear, however, the possibility of a regional vascular role is considered with respect to their morphogenesis.
RENAL AND PROSTATIC MALAKOPLAKIA ASSOCIATED WITH SUBMASSIVE HEPATIC NECROSIS: A Case Report with Immunocytochemical, Ultrastructural and X‐ray Analytical Observations
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Kono Naoko , Takazakura Eisuke , Ohta Goroku
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of malakoplakia involving the kidney and prostate was reported. The case was a 58‐year‐old Japanese male with submassive hepatic necrosis of three and half months' duration. He received 20 to 40 mg of prednisolone dally during the course of the disease (total 2,700 mg). Malakoplakic lesions were incidentally found in the right renal parenchyma and prostate at autopsy. The lesions were characterized microscopically by an accumulation of macrophages with PAS‐positive intracytoplasmic granules and with intracytoplasmic inclusions of owl's eye appearance called Michaelis‐Gutmann bodies and, electronmicroscopically, by numerous phagolysosomes with varing numbers of bacteria. Immunocytochemical stain revealed that the bodies were positive for lysozyme, indicating that the Michaelis‐Gutmann bodies are of lysosomal origin. No calcium, phosphorous, and iron were demonstrated in them by X‐ray microanalysis, suggesting that they are of immature form in which a mineralization does not take place as yet. Malakoplakia has not been previously described in association with submassive hepatic necrosis. Administration of a large amount of steroid for the treatment of submassive hepatic necrosis was suspected to be implicated in the development of the malakoplakia in the present case.
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA ORIGINATING FROM DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY
Authors: Shirai Mutsunori , Kitagawa Tomoyuki , Nakata Hiroyuki , Urano Yoshinori
Published: August 2010

A case of renal cell carcinoma developing from a unilateral dysplastic kidney is presented. The patient was a 33‐year‐old woman who had lumbago one year and a half prior to death. Multiple abnormal uptakes of 67Ga were seen by scintigraphy. Bone marrow biopsy indicated adenocarcinoma but the primary site was unknown despite extensive examination. At autopsy the carcinoma was wide‐spread but no obvious primary‐appearing lesion was detected in all the organs except the left kidney. Incidentally the patient had unilateral (left) renal dysplasia. An elaborate study revealed the primary site of the carcinoma within the cystic structure of the dysplastic kidney. This tumor showed reactivity with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin associated antigen (DBA‐Ag), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) which have reactivity with renal tubules.
ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH EPITHELIAL and MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE BREAST
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Sekiya Nao , Mobimoto Junji , Kiyozuka Yasuhiko , Tsubura Yoshihiko , Sakamoto Goi
Published: August 2010

Monoclonal antibodies which are considered to be able to differentiate epithelial and myoepithelial cells in the breast have been developed. Human mammary carcinoma cell line (HBC‐4W) was used for immunization. Monoclonal antibodies‐B4B2F10 (epi‐1), E9E8B7 (myo‐l)‐with IgM was examined using tissues from diseased breast by avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase assay. Epi‐1 antibody reacted with epithelial cells while myo‐1 antibody reacted with myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands, respectively. The reaction was markedly visible, in particular, in fibroadenoma, mastopathy, and papilloma, which showed clear two‐cell‐type structures. In the infiltrating ductal carcinoma, epi‐1 antibody reacted with carcinoma cells, while myo‐1 antibody reacted with stromal cells rather than carcinoma cells suggesting that infiltrating ductal carcinoma was mainly of epithelial origin. In the infiltrating lobular carcinoma, however, myo‐1 as well as epi‐1 antibodies reacted with carcinoma cells. It is suggested that infiltrating lobular carcinoma was of a mixture of epithelial and myoepithelial cell origin. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1319–1326, 1986.