bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio comparativo de los enfoques de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de los Grados en Pedagogía y Educación Primaria
Authors: Mirete Ruiz Ana Belén , Pérez Rubio Raquel , Maquilón Sánchez Javier J.
Published: July 2018

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
permitió introducir profundos cambios en
las Universidades a nivel estructural, académico,
organizativo y de gestión, aunque
para los estudiantes se materializaron en
cambios relacionados con sus procesos
de aprendizaje y los modos de abordar las
demandas que la institución y el profesorado
les realizó.
Una vez superado el horizonte del 2010 y
con la mirada puesta en el horizonte 2020,
pero en pleno proceso de renovación de
las acreditaciones de los títulos universitarios
de grado y máster, surge la necesidad
de reflexionar si los resultados obtenidos
tras toda esta reforma han sido los esperados,
o deberían acometerse nuevas reformas.
Desde esta perspectiva se presenta una
investigación que analizó el perfil y los

enfoques de aprendizaje de 416 estudiantes
universitarios del grado de Educación
Primaria y del Grado de Pedagogía, a lo
largo de los tres primeros cursos.
El diseño de investigación seguido fue
cuantitativo no experimental tipo encuesta.
Para la recogida de información se empleó
es Cuestionario de Proceso de Estudio
en su versión revisada a dos factores
(CPE-R-2F). Los datos fueron analizados
con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23.
Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que
el enfoque de aprendizaje más empleado
por los estudiantes es el profundo y que
además, su porcentaje de uso se incrementa
curso a curso. Estos datos están relacionados
con la calidad del aprendizaje
y el rendimiento académico que, a priori,
debería ser adecuado.
Del abandono educativo temprano al reenganche formativo: un estudio narrativo con biogramas
Authors: Nieto Cano José Miguel , Portela Pruaño Antonio , Torres Soto Ana , Rodríguez Entrena M.ª Jesús
Published: July 2018

El estudio explora los motivos que lle-
varon en el pasado a los alumnos 3 a una
trayectoria que culminó en el abandono
escolar temprano. Partiendo de este ob-
jetivo general, la investigación realizada
tiene carácter exploratorio y heurístico,
adoptando una metodología cualitativa
conducente a obtener conocimiento liga-
do a la experiencia, significado y contexto
de los sujetos protagonistas. Para ello, y

en el marco de un estudio de caso, se ha
recurrido a entrevistas semiestructuradas
en profundidad con el alumnado joven
perteneciente a la Escuela de la Construc-
ción en Ceuta, que oferta itinerarios for-
mativos para la inserción socio-laboral de
personas en situación o riesgo de exclu-
sión social. El procedimiento ha permitido
recoger información sobre la trayectoria
de los alumnos hasta acceder al centro.
Los relatos han sido sometidos a un aná-
lisis narrativo, adoptando los resultados
el formato de biogramas con categorías
referidas a periodos vitales que permitie-
ran dar cabida a singularidades asociadas
a cada situación personal. Los resultados
obtenidos indican que la reanudación de
la trayectoria formativa no sólo depende
de la propia formación sino también de la
trayectoria previa de los sujetos. Existen
razones que, desde los centros, empujan
a los alumnos a abandonar su educación
y, desde fuera de ellos, a sacarles de la
educación, teniendo asimismo ambos ti-
pos de razones incidencia en la posterior
decisión de reanudar su formación.
Relaciones entre teoría y práctica en la formación inicial. Percepciones de formadores y estudiantes del Grado de Maestro en Educación primaria
Authors: Montero Mesa Lourdes
Published: July 2018

 

 

El propósito básico de este artículo es el de explorar las relaciones teoría y práctica en la formación inicial del Grado de Maestro en Educación primaria de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). El trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio que se propuso identificar, analizar e interpretar las percepciones de futuros profesores y sus formadores sobre los conocimientos que están construyendo en el desarrollo del Plan de estudios del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria y la contribución de estos a configurar una identidad profesional determinada. Con un enfoque metodológico cualitativo se utilizó análisis documental, relatos, grupos de discusión y entrevistas a profesorado, coordinadores de titulación, decanos, estudiantes y tutores/as de Practicum durante el periodo 2013/2016. Para su análisis se ha empleado una categorización deductiva-inducti-
va llevada a cabo con el apoyo del soporte
informático Atlas.ti.
El análisis e interpretación de los datos
evidencia un modelo de separación teoría
y práctica en el que la teoría precede a
la práctica y ésta es comprendida como
aplicación de la teoría. Una situación que
genera tensiones e insatisfacción entre
formadores –profesores y tutores- y es-
tudiantes, pero también la búsqueda de
estrategias alternativas para la co-implica-
ción deseable entre ambos tipos de sabe-
res. Sin embargo, los obstáculos son más
poderosos que los deseos de cambiar una
realidad socialmente construida en la que
el juego dialéctico, bidireccional, se cons-
tituya en principio para la acción.
Interference and the Translation of Phraseological Units in a Parallel and Multilingual Corpus
Authors: Sanz-Villar Zuriñe
Published: July 2018

This paper will report on findings obtained from a corpus-based translation analysis of phraseological units on texts translated from German into Basque, with special emphasis placed on the shape that interference (Toury 1995/2012) takes in German-into-Basque literary translations. It will be shown not only that “typical” source language interference can be found in translated texts, but also that interference arises from other texts and/or languages present in the translator’s mind, most commonly in this study; Spanish. For the purpose of carrying out such an analysis, a digitized, parallel and multilingual corpus was compiled consisting of German source texts (STs), Basque target texts (TTs) and their corresponding intermediary versions in cases of indirect translation.
La autotraducción como versión prototípica
Authors: Dasilva Xosé Manuel
Published: July 2018

En el presente artículo se desarrolla el concepto de versión prototípica, que aplicamos en algunos casos al texto autotraducido que sirve de fuente para realizar las versiones a otros idiomas en lugar del texto escrito en una primera lengua. Creemos que el autor que se traduce a sí mismo considera el texto autotraducido en ocasiones habituales una versión de jerarquía superior, debido a que en el mismo ha introducido importantes modificaciones estéticas o, por otra parte, ha resuelto problemas lingüísticos y culturales con la finalidad de facilitar la tarea a los demás traductores. El concepto de versión prototípica está ilustrado a lo largo de nuestro estudio con múltiples ejemplos pertenecientes a varios espacios culturales.
A mechanism for exocytotic arrest by the Complexin C-terminus
Authors: Makke Mazen , Mantero Martinez Maria , Gaya Surya , Schwarz Yvonne , Frisch Walentina , Silva-Bermudez Lina , Jung Martin , Mohrmann Ralf , Dhara Madhurima , Bruns Dieter
Published: July 2018

ComplexinII (CpxII) inhibits non-synchronized vesicle fusion, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, we provide evidence that the far C-terminal domain (CTD) of CpxII interferes with SNARE assembly, thereby arresting tonic exocytosis. Acute infusion of a CTD-derived peptide into mouse chromaffin cells enhances synchronous release by diminishing premature vesicle fusion like full-length CpxII, indicating a direct, inhibitory function of the CTD that sets the magnitude of the primed vesicle pool. We describe a high degree of structural similarity between the CpxII CTD and the SNAP25-SN1 domain (C-terminal half) and show that the CTD peptide lowers the rate of SDS-resistant SNARE complex formation in vitro. Moreover, corresponding CpxII:SNAP25 chimeras do restore complexin’s function and even ‘superclamp’ tonic secretion. Collectively, these results support a so far unrecognized clamping mechanism wherein the CpxII C-terminus hinders spontaneous SNARE complex assembly, enabling the build-up of a release-ready pool of vesicles for synchronized Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.
Cryo-EM structure of the benzodiazepine-sensitive α1β1γ2S tri-heteromeric GABAA receptor in complex with GABA
Authors: Phulera Swastik , Zhu Hongtao , Yu Jie , Claxton Derek P , Yoder Nate , Yoshioka Craig , Gouaux Eric
Published: July 2018

Fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian nervous system is largely mediated by GABAA receptors, chloride-selective members of the superfamily of pentameric Cys-loop receptors. Native GABAA receptors are heteromeric assemblies sensitive to many important drugs, from sedatives to anesthetics and anticonvulsant agents, with mutant forms of GABAA receptors implicated in multiple neurological diseases. Despite the profound importance of heteromeric GABAA receptors in neuroscience and medicine, they have proven recalcitrant to structure determination. Here we present the structure of a tri-heteromeric α1β1γ2SEM GABAA receptor in complex with GABA, determined by single particle cryo-EM at 3.1–3.8 Å resolution, elucidating molecular principles of receptor assembly and agonist binding. Remarkable N-linked glycosylation on the α1 subunit occludes the extracellular vestibule of the ion channel and is poised to modulate receptor assembly and perhaps ion channel gating. Our work provides a pathway to structural studies of heteromeric GABAA receptors and a framework for rational design of novel therapeutic agents.
Emission Area Patterning of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) via Printed Dielectrics
Authors: Han Donggeon , Khan Yasser , Gopalan Karthik , Pierre Adrien , Arias Ana C.
Published: July 2018

Solution‐processibility is one of the distinguished traits of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) compared to existing solid‐state LED technologies. It allows new opportunities which can simplify the fabrication and potentially reduce the cost of manufacturing process. Emission area patterning is one of the crucial fabrication steps and it usually involves subtractive methods, such as photolithography or etching. Here, printing techniques are used to pattern the emission area of blade‐coated OLED layers. The print qualities of a number of printing schemes are characterized and compared. Spray coating and screen printing are used to deposit dielectrics with desired patterns on the OLED layers. At luminance of 1000 cd m−2 the OLEDs patterned using spray‐coated and screen‐printed dielectric show current density of 8.2 and 10.1 mA cm−2, external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.1% and 2.1%, and luminous efficacy of 5.5 and 6.3 lm W−1, respectively. The OLED characteristics and features of each printing scheme in depositing the dielectric layer are discussed. The printing methods are further applied to demonstrate displays with complex shapes and a seven‐segment display.
Aircraft Trajectory Optimization for Collision Avoidance Using Stochastic Optimal Control
Authors: Liu Wensheng , Liang Xuelin , Ma Yunzhu , Liu Weiyi
Published: July 2018

Optimizing aircraft collision avoidance and performing trajectory optimization are the key problems in an air transportation system. This paper is focused on solving these problems by using a stochastic optimal control approach. The major contribution of this paper is a proposed stochastic optimal control algorithm to dynamically adjust and optimize aircraft trajectory. In addition, this algorithm accounts for random wind dynamics and convective weather areas with changing size. Although the system is modeled by a stochastic differential equation, the optimal feedback control for this equation can be computed as a solution of a partial differential equation, namely, an elliptic Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation. In this paper, we solve this equation numerically using a Markov Chain approximation approach, where a comparison of three different iterative methods and two different optimization search methods are presented. Simulations show that the proposed method provides better performance in reducing conflict probability in the system and that it is feasible for real applications.
Ruptured popliteal artery aneurysm
Authors: Cervin A , Ravn H , Björck M
Published: July 2018

Background

Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are generally complicated by thrombosis and distal embolization, whereas rupture is rare. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome in a cohort of patients who had surgery for ruptured PAA (rPAA).

Methods

Operations for rPAA were identified from the Swedish Vascular Registry, Swedvasc, 1987–2012. Medical records and imaging were reviewed. Comparison was made with patients treated for PAA without rupture.

Results

Forty-five patients with rPAA were identified. The proportion with rupture among those operated on for PAA was 2·5 per cent. Patients with rPAA were 8 years older (77·7 versus 69·7 years; P < 0·001), had more lung and heart disease (P = 0·003 and P = 0·019 respectively), and a larger mean popliteal aneurysm diameter (63·7 versus 30·9 mm; P < 0·001) than patients with PAA treated for other indications. At time of surgery, 22 of 45 patients were already receiving anticoagulants, seven for concomitant deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the affected leg. There was extensive swelling of the whole leg in 20 patients. In 27 patients, the initial diagnosis was DVT or a Baker's cyst. All patients underwent surgery, all but three by the open method. There were four amputations, all performed within 1 week of surgery. One year after surgery, 26 of the 45 patients were alive. Among these, the reconstructions were patent in 20 of 22 patients.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of rPAA is difficult, and often delayed. The condition affects old patients, who often are on anticoagulation treatment and have large aneurysms. The immediate surgical results are acceptable, but the condition is associated with a high risk of death within the first year after surgery.
Balancing the Concentrations of Redox Species to Improve Electrochemiluminescence by Tailoring the Symmetry of the AC Voltage
Authors: Oh Hwan , Kim Yong Min , Jeong Unyong , Moon Hong Chul
Published: July 2018

We propose an effective methodology to improve the brightness of Ru(bpy)32+‐based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) devices driven by the annihilation path, based on an understanding of the great importance of concentration balance between oxidized Ru(bpy)3.3+ and reduced Ru(bpy)3.1+ species. From cyclic voltammetry experiments, we verify that Ru(bpy)3•3+ is more stable than Ru(bpy)3.1+, which is a fundamental physical parameter for balanced electrochemical annihilation reaction. Accordingly, we adjust the symmetry (i.e. the duty ratio) of the input AC voltage to control the concentrations of redox species. The frequency and peak‐to‐peak voltage (Vpp) are fixed at 60 Hz and 7.5 Vpp, respectively. When the duty ratio is 40 %, a luminance of approximately 174 Cd/m2 is detected, which is brighter than the 148 Cd/m2 achieved under a symmetric voltage wave. We investigate the feasibility of further enhancing device luminance by modulating the frequency of applied voltage at the fixed duty ratio of 40 %, achieving a maximum luminance of approximately 207 Cd/m2 at 150 Hz. Overall, this work elucidates the critical role of electrochemical stability of redox species that participate in the light‐emitting annihilation reaction and suggests a simple but effective route (e.g. adjusting symmetry of AC input) to improve luminance of ECL devices.
Semi‐synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship of Neuritogenic Oleanene Derivatives
Authors: Bian Linglin , Cao Shining , Cheng Lihong , Nakazaki Atsuo , Nishikawa Toshio , Qi Jianhua
Published: July 2018

(3S,4R)‐23,28‐Dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl (2E)‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate (1 a), which possesses significant neuritogenic activity, was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plant, Desmodium sambuense. To confirm the structure and to assess biological activity, we semi‐synthesized 1 a from commercially available oleanolic acid. A series of novel 1 a derivatives was then designed and synthesized for a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. All synthetic derivatives were characterized by analysis of spectral data, and their neuritogenic activities were evaluated in assays with PC12 cells. The SAR results indicate that the number and position of the hydroxy groups on the phenyl ring and the triterpene moiety, as well as the length of the (saturated or unsaturated) alkyl chain that links the phenyl ring with the triterpene critically influence neuritogenic activity. Among all the tested compounds, 1 e [(3S,4R)‐23,28‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl (2E)‐3‐(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)acrylate] was found to be the most potent, inducing significant neurite outgrowth at 1 μm.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nanocomposite of Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide – Chitosan and its Application for Flow Injection Detection of Anticancer Thiopurine Drugs
Authors: Shpigun Liliya K. , Andryukhina Elena Yu.
Published: July 2018

Electrochemical activity of carbositall electrodes (CSEs) covered with polymeric films of Chitosan (Chit) containing different types of graphene oxide (GO) dispersed in a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) was comparatively investigated by using cyclic voltammetry of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a model redox probe. It was recognized that the nanocomposite film with in situ electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO) provided an improved electrochemical activity, including increased peak current and electron‐transfer efficiency, compared to the initial GO nanosheets and chemically reduced GO (RGO). The novel electrochemical sensor ERGO‐IL‐Chit/CSE showed enhanced electrochemical response characteristics towards the antimetabolic thiopurines such as 6‐thioguanine, 6‐mercaptopurine and azathioprine which play a significant role in medicinal chemistry and cancer therapy. The diagnostic characteristics of the voltammetric signals for all investigated compounds in neutral aqueous media were established and the nature of the corresponding redox‐reactions was discussed. The developed sensor was incorporated into a flow injection amperometric system for the automatic dissolution testing of thiopurine anticancer drugs with a sampling rate of 60 h−1.
Structural Adaptations in the Rat Tibia Bone Induced by Pregnancy and Lactation Confer Protective Effects Against Future Estrogen Deficiency
Authors: de Bakker Chantal MJ , Li Yihan , Zhao Hongbo , Leavitt Laurel , Tseng Wei-Ju , Lin Tiao , Tong Wei , Qin Ling , Liu X Sherry
Published: July 2018

The female skeleton undergoes substantial structural changes during the course of reproduction. Although bone mineral density recovers postweaning, reproduction may induce permanent alterations in maternal bone microarchitecture. However, epidemiological studies suggest that a history of pregnancy and/or lactation does not increase the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis or fracture and may even have a protective effect. Our study aimed to explain this paradox by using a rat model, combined with in vivo micro–computed tomography (μCT) imaging and bone histomorphometry, to track the changes in bone structure and cellular activities in response to estrogen deficiency following ovariectomy (OVX) in rats with and without a reproductive history. Our results demonstrated that a history of reproduction results in an altered skeletal response to estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss later in life. Prior to OVX, rats with a reproductive history had lower trabecular bone mass, altered trabecular microarchitecture, and more robust cortical structure at the proximal tibia when compared to virgins. After OVX, these rats underwent a lower rate of trabecular bone loss than virgins, with minimal structural deterioration. As a result, by 12 weeks post-OVX, rats with a reproductive history had similar trabecular bone mass, elevated trabecular thickness, and increased robustness of cortical bone when compared to virgins, resulting in greater bone stiffness. Further evaluation suggested that reproductive-history-induced differences in post-OVX trabecular bone loss were likely due to differences in baseline trabecular microarchitecture, particularly trabecular thickness. Rats with a reproductive history had a larger population of thick trabeculae, which may be protective against post-OVX trabecular connectivity deterioration and bone loss. Taken together, these findings indicate that reproduction-associated changes in bone microarchitecture appear to reduce the rate of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency later in life, and thereby exert a long-term protective effect on bone strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Advantage of Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether Carboxylate as a Mild Cleansing Agent. Part 2: Effects on Skin Functions and Conditions
Authors: Endo Koji , Ozawa Toshiaki , Masui Takashi , Ichihashi Toshiki , Yanagawa Kiyotaka , Miyaki Masahiro , Matsuo Keiko , Yamada Shinji
Published: July 2018

The relationship between skin stratum corneum (SC) swelling induced by the treatment of surfactant solutions and skin functions/conditions was investigated in vivo for six anionic surfactants used in commercial skin cleansers. A skin soak test was carried out (2% heavy water [D2O] solutions) on the inner surface of forearm skin; the D2O depth profile in the SC was obtained using confocal Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the solution penetration. The D2O depth profile had a plateau layer near the skin surface and the water content decreased progressively with depth. This profile indicates the presence of a diffusion front of the penetrated surfactants at the boundary of the two layers; the surfactant concentration is higher in the inner side of the front (plateau layer near the skin surface) than the deeper section. After continual treatments with the solutions for 3 days, the SC hydration, water permeability, and the degree of skin irritation were all found to be related to the plateau layer thickness of D2O; small thickness gave little reduction of SC functions/conditions. When the plateau thickness is small, the damaged section in the SC could be renewed by turnover, and little accumulation of the damage during cleansing may be expected with repeated use. In our study, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate (EC) had the thinnest plateau layer and exhibited smallest changes in the skin functions/conditions. For practical purposes, the formulation of a mild skin cleanser is obtained by replacing part of the main surfactant base with EC.
Matricial Baxter's theorem with a Nehari sequence
Authors: Kasahara Yukio , Bingham Nicholas H.
Published: July 2018

In the theory of orthogonal polynomials, (non‐trivial) probability measures on the unit circle are parametrized by the Verblunsky coefficients. Baxter's theorem asserts that such a measure is absolutely continuous and has positive density with summable Fourier coefficients if and only if its Verblusnky coefficients are summable. This note presents a version of Baxter's theorem in the matrix case from a viewpoint of the Nehari problem.
How Do I Assess a Family Tree for Inheritance Patterns?
Authors: Kievit Anneke , Bonifati Vincenzo
Published: July 2018

An accurate collection and evaluation of the family history remains an important part in the clinical evaluation of every patient. Knowledge of a patient's family history is useful for diagnosis and risk assessment of relatively uncommon single‐gene disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, Huntington's disease, and other disorders, inherited following the classical Mendelian patterns. Moreover, a positive family history is a major risk factor for several common diseases, including neurodegenerative disease and movement disorders. Here, we first show how to draw a pedigree, and we then use patient cases to practice in the recognition of the inheritance patterns.
A Call to Action for Optimizing the Electronic Health Record in the Parenteral Nutrition Workflow
Authors: Vanek Vincent W. , Ayers Phil , Kraft Michael , Bouche Jean M. , Do Van T. , Durham Charles W. , Guenter Peggi , Hoggle Lindsey , Kent Sue , Lin Emily T. , Molinar L. Steven , Plogsted Steven W. , Poehls Jessica M. , Turner Peggy , Van Way Charles ,   American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists
Published: July 2018

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex therapeutic modality provided to neonates, children, and adults for various indications. Surveys have shown that current electronic health record (EHR) systems are in need of functionality enhancement for safe and optimal delivery of PN. This is a consensus statement from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists outlining some of the key challenges to prescribing, order review/verification, compounding, and administration of PN using EHRs today and is a call to action for clinicians and vendors to optimize their EHRs regarding the PN build and workflow.
Relationship between sustainable strategies and export performance: An analysis of companies in the Brazilian gems and jewelry industry
Authors: Palma Eliete Pozzobon , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Kruglianskas Isak , Kneipp Jordana Marques , da Rosa Luciana Aparecida Barbieri , Frizzo Kamila
Published: July 2018

This study was conducted to develop an understanding of how the adoption of sustainable management strategies influences the export performance of Brazilian industrial companies internationalized in the gems and jewelry industry. The sustainable strategies were evaluated based on the adaptation of Battelle American Institute's strategic model as presented by Placet et al. (2005, Research‐Technology Management, 48, 32–41), which notably considers innovation as a perspective as it addresses the interactions of the economic, social, and environmental aspects that are reflected in a company and in society. The surveyed companies’ export performances were analyzed based on an adaptation of a model by Papadopoulos and Martín (2010, International Business Review, 19, 388–406), which develops and tests a formative measure of export performance and identifies and quantifies the relative contribution of its consequences within the economic and strategic dimensions. The research consisted of a descriptive study, and it was also characterized as quantitative research through the application of a survey. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. It was possible to observe which dimensions of sustainable development influenced the export performance of the companies in the gems and jewelry industry and to establish significant correlations. The results may contribute to a better understanding of this industry, which has been contributing to Brazil's positive balance of the trade on a yearly basis. The companies surveyed are in the early stages of internationalization. The changes that accrue to industrial companies undergoing internationalization in this sector can be perceived, and they have an influence on the strategic management and growth of these companies.
Correction to: A paradox of latitudinal leaf defense strategies in deciduous and evergreen broadleaved trees
Authors: Saihanna Saihanna , Tanaka Tomoe , Okamura Yu , Kusumoto Buntarou , Shiono Takayuki , Hirao Toshihide , Kubota Yasuhiro , Murakami Masashi
Published: July 2018

The article “A paradox of latitudinal leaf defense strategies in deciduous and evergreen broadleaved trees”, written by Saihanna Saihanna, Tomoe Tanaka, Yu Okamura, Buntarou Kusumoto, Takayuki Shiono, Toshihide Hirao, Yasuhiro Kubota, and Masashi Murakami, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 01 June 2018 without open access.
Correlation coefficients of thermodynamic fluctuations in compressible aerodynamic turbulence
Authors: Gerolymos G. A. , Vallet I.
Published: July 2018

Thermodynamic fluctuations of pressure, density, temperature or entropy$\{p^{\prime },\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime },T^{\prime },s^{\prime }\}$in compressible aerodynamic turbulence, although generated by the flow, are fundamentally related to one another by the thermodynamic equation of state. Ratios between non-dimensional root-mean-square (r.m.s.) levels ($\text{CV}_{p^{\prime }}:=\bar{p}^{-1}\,p_{rms}^{\prime }$,$\text{CV}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }}:=\bar{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}^{-1}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{rms}^{\prime }$,$\text{CV}_{T^{\prime }}:=\bar{T}^{-1}\,T_{rms}^{\prime }$), along with all possible 2-moment correlation coefficients$\{c_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }T^{\prime }},c_{p^{\prime }\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }},c_{p^{\prime }T^{\prime }},c_{s^{\prime }\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }},c_{s^{\prime }T^{\prime }},c_{s^{\prime }p^{\prime }}\}$, represent, in the sense of Bradshaw (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 9, 1977, pp. 33–54), the thermodynamic turbulence structure of the flow. We use direct numerical simulation (DNS) data, both for plane channel flow and for sustained homogeneous isotropic turbulence, to determine the range of validity of the leading-order, formally$O(\text{CV}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }})$, approximations of the exact relations between thermodynamic turbulence structure parameters. Available DNS data are mapped on the$(\text{CV}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }}^{-1}\,\text{CV}_{T^{\prime }},c_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\prime }T^{\prime }})$-plane and their loci, identified using the leading-order approximations, highlight specific behaviour for different flows or flow regions. For the particular case of sustained compressible homogeneous isotropic turbulence, it is shown that the DNS data collapse onto a single curve corresponding to$c_{s^{\prime }T^{\prime }}\approxeq 0.2$(for air flow), while the approximation$c_{s^{\prime }p^{\prime }}\approxeq 0$fits reasonably well wall turbulence DNS data, providing building blocks towards the construction of simple phenomenological models.
EXISTENCE AND CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION FOR A NON-LOCAL REGIONAL SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH COMPETING POTENTIALS
Authors: ALVES CLAUDIANOR O. , TORRES LEDESMA CÉSAR E.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we study the existence and concentration phenomena of solutions for the following non-local regional Schrödinger equation$$\begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \epsilon^{2\alpha}(-\Delta)_\rho^{\alpha} u + Q(x)u = K(x)|u|^{p-1}u,\;\;\mbox{in}\;\; \mathbb{R}^n,\\ u\in H^{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^n) \end{array} \right. \end{equation*}$$where ϵ is a positive parameter, 0 < α < 1,$1
 2α; (−Δ)ραis a variational version of the regional fractional Laplacian, whose range of scope is a ball with radius ρ(x) > 0, ρ,Q,Kare competing functions.
Astrometric Application of the Photoelectric Scanning Technique
Authors: Franz Otto G.
Published: July 2018

A new photoelectric area scanner, designed primarily for observations of double stars, has been put into routine use at the Lowell Observatory. A description of the scanner and of the associated data acquisition system is given. The procedure of measuring the relative positions of double star components is described and the accuracy obtainable by this method is discussed. This contribution and a subsequent one (p. 170) will appear jointly under the title 'A Photoelectric Area Scanner for Astrometry and Photometry of Double Stars' in Lowell Observatory Bulletin No. 154. This work has been supported by National Science Foundation Grant GP-6983.
A Scanning Micrometer with on-Line Computer
Authors: HøG Erik
Published: July 2018

A photoelectric scanning photometer is being tested at the 60 cm-refractor in Hamburg in order to measure visual binaries. The data-acquisition is accomplished by a small on-line computer PDP-8/S which samples data from three photon-counters connected to three narrow slits in the focal plane.

A preliminary investigation of the image profile as it is obtained from the adding of many scans of a star on top of each other shows that about 80% of the light is concentrated in a Gaussian core with σ = 1"-2" whereas the rest goes into non-Gaussian wings. The deviation of the profile from a single Gaussian is most pronounced in good seeing.
Astrometry of Double Stars
Authors: Strand K.Aa.
Published: July 2018

Progress in the study of visual binaries depends upon the existence of a series of astrometric observations in addition to observations of their relative motions. The present paper discusses the proper motions, parallaxes and mass-ratios of visual binaries, the detection of astrometric binaries and the photographic astrometry of faint binaries.
Étoiles Doubles Révélées par Leurs Mouvements Propres Communs
Authors: Deutsch A. N.
Published: July 2018

L'observatoire de Poulkovo a publie dans plusieurs mémoires les mouvements propres des 50000 étoiles jusqu'á la 15-me grandeur photographique obtenus par l'astrographe de la Carte du Ciel. Dans la présente étude nous avons utilisé 74 aires de Kapteyn [1, 2] et 25 autres aires ayant au centre les amas stellaires, les nébuleuses planétaires, les Novae etc [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
Contribution á la Mesure des Binaires Visuelles au Moyen de la Camera Électronique Lallemand
Authors: Laques P.
Published: July 2018

En 1961, au cours du Symposium IAU sur ce même sujet, M. Rosch avait déjá annoncé l'intérêt que pourrait présenter l'utilisation d'un convertisseur d'image de type Lallemand pour la photographie des étoiles doubles. Des essais prometteurs avaient deja ete faits sur le rêfracteur de 60 cm du Pic-du-Midi.
Some Spectroscopic Observations of Visual Binaries
Authors: Scarfe C.D.
Published: July 2018

The use of a coudé spectrograph for securing the high-resolution spectrograms necessary to follow the slow variations of radial velocity exhibited by visual binaries is discussed. Recent observations, using the spectrograph at the coudé focus of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory's 48-in. reflector, are then presented for the systems of α UMa, ε Hya, β LMi and γ Leo.
Errors of Observation in Double-Star Work
Authors: Heintz W. D.
Published: July 2018

Astronomical observation frequently is focused on minute quantities, and on digging information even from below the 'noise level'. In all cases of long-term variations, such as visual binary motions, measurements over a long time interval have to be combined. All of this requires a knowledge of the observational errors in the past and present. We usually are not at liberty to discard old observations since we cannot repeat them at any later time desired. Visual observations leave no re-measurable records, so we have to take the word of the observer, and make the best of it.
The Light Variation and the Orbital Elements of am LEONIS = ADS 8024 A
Authors: Binnendijk L.
Published: July 2018

The star was followed photoelectrically in two colors through five consecutive nights in 1968 at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The light of the fainter visual component (a physical companion) was excluded. At primary minimum the system undergoes a total eclipse lasting 25 min. New internally consistent elements have been derived. A subluminous region on the larger star can be located. The previous light curve by Abrami leads to the same geometrical elements but to different photometric elements even when freed from the light of the distant companion.

The paper appeared in Astron. J. 74, 1031 (1969).
Controlling weapons circulation in a postcolonial militarised world
Authors: Stavrianakis Anna
Published: July 2018

What are the politics of, and prospects for, contemporary weapons control? Human rights and humanitarian activists and scholars celebrate the gains made in the UN Arms Trade Treaty as a step towards greater human security. Critics counter that the treaty represents an accommodation with global militarism. Taking the tensions between arms transfer control and militarism as my starting point, I argue that the negotiating process and eventual treaty text demonstrate competing modes of militarism. Expressed in terms of sovereignty, political economy, or human security, all three modes are underpinned by ongoing imperial relations: racial, gendered, and classed relations of asymmetry and hierarchy that persist despite formal sovereign equality. This means human security is a form of militarism rather than the antithesis of it. Drawing on primary sources from negotiations and participant observation with actors involved in the campaign for the ATT, the argument challenges the idea that human security has scored a victory over militarism. It also complicates our understanding of the nature of the accommodation with it, demonstrating the transformation as well as entrenchment of contemporary militarism. The argument reframes the challenges for controlling weapons circulation, placing the necessity for feminist, postcolonial anti-militarist critique front and centre.
Electron energy optimization by plasma density ramp in laser wakefield acceleration in bubble regime
Authors: Kaur M. , Gupta D. N.
Published: July 2018

Energy gain of electron beams in bubble regime of the laser wakefield accelerator can be optimized by improving the acceleration length, radial accelerating and focusing force, number of monoenergetic electrons trapped inside the bubble, and increasing dephasing length. In order to enlarge the dephasing length, the phase velocity of the plasma wave can be increased by optimizing the plasma density profile. We report the estimation of dephasing length using plasma density distribution with the flat and linear-upward profile using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The size of wakefield bubble depends on the plasma density. With a positive plasma density gradient, the size of bubble decreases. The front and trail part of wake bubble will have different phase velocity in plasma density gradient region. After density transition in constant density region, the bubble elongates and the velocity of the back part of the bubble increases so that the accelerated electron phase synchronizes with the phase of the plasma wave. In a result, the electron acceleration length enhances to improve the beam quality.
Vision-only egomotion estimation in 6DOF using a sky compass
Authors: Jouir Tasarinan , Strydom Reuben , Stace Thomas M. , Srinivasan Mandyam V.
Published: July 2018

A novel pure-vision egomotion estimation algorithm is presented, with extensions to Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) navigation through visual odometry. Our proposed method computes egomotion in two stages using panoramic images segmented into sky and ground regions. Rotations (in 3DOF) are estimated by using a customised algorithm to measure the motion of the sky image, which is affected only by the rotation of the aircraft, and not by its translation. The rotation estimate is then used to derotate the optic flow field generated by the ground, from which the translation of the aircraft (in 3DOF) is estimated by another customised, iterative algorithm. Segmentation of the rotation and translation estimations allows for a partial relaxation of the planar ground assumption, inherently increasing the robustness of the approach. The translation vectors are scaled using stereo-based height to compute the current UAS position through path integration for closed-loop navigation. Outdoor field tests of our approach in a small quadrotor UAS suggest that the technique is comparable to the performance of existing state-of-the-art vision-based navigation algorithms, whilst also removing all dependence on additional sensors, such as an IMU or global positioning system (GPS).
Procedures to determine the principal directions of kinematic performance in serial robots
Authors: Flores-Díaz Ociel , Juárez-Campos Ignacio , Carrera-Bolaños Jorge
Published: July 2018

Assume that the end-effector of a serial mechanism with n-degrees of freedom arrives at the position p0, where it can change arbitrarily the direction of its movement. The physical conditions imply that this change in direction also alters its velocity. The kinematic performance ellipse represents the velocities according to the new direction of the system, and thus solving the problem of which direction will correspond to a maximum or minimum (principal directions) magnitude of the corresponding velocity. In this paper, a new procedure to calculate these principal directions is presented and contrasted with two of the most common procedures employed in the field. All three procedures are considered in some detail, in order to understand their underlying concepts and, therefore, gain a deeper understanding of the physical situation. They are all proved in standard examples.
Additionality of European Cohesion Policy
Authors: Šlander Sonja , Wostner Peter
Published: July 2018

Is cohesion policy effective? Does it contribute to the reduction of development disparities and strengthen competitiveness in the European Union? These are the questions that have inspired a growing body of research on cohesion policy evaluation, and which has come to varied and inconclusive results. There has been significant variation with regards to the established (in)effectiveness of cohesion policy among different methodological approaches, which all have serious methodological shortcomings. In order to circumvent these, the authors have not only continued to rely on rigorous econometric methods but also focused on the potential benefits through an indirect estimation approach. They have confirmed that cohesion policy is de facto additional, i.e. that it effectively increases the structural expenditures of the recipient Member States, which, given the evidence on fiscal multiplier, should lead to stronger growth performance.
Low Phosphorus Availability Decreases Susceptibility of Tropical Primary Productivity to Droughts
Authors: Goll D. S. , Joetzjer E. , Huang M. , Ciais P.
Published: July 2018

Large uncertainties in the susceptibility of tropical forest productivity to precipitation changes hamper climate change projection. Interactions between the availabilities of water and phosphorus could theoretically either increase or decrease the susceptibility of tropical gas exchange to variation of precipitation. The inclusion of phosphorus‐water interactions in a land surface model reduces the coefficient of variance, a measure of variability, of biweekly gross primary productivity by a factor of 1.5–2.3 at three tropical forest sites in Brazil, bringing it closer to estimates from eddy covariance measurements and remote sensing. Soil drought conditions are attenuated due to 8–30% lower water consumption during wet periods in presence of phosphorus limitation. When soils are dry, plant phosphorus acquisition is impaired by reduced ion mobility, despite an increase in net phosphorus mineralization. We conclude that water‐phosphorus interactions cannot be omitted in analysis of the resilience of tropical ecosystems to precipitation changes.
Does Soil Moisture Affect Warm Season Precipitation Over the Southern Great Plains?
Authors: Welty J. , Zeng X.
Published: July 2018

Numerous observational and modeling studies have addressed the impact of soil moisture on subsequent precipitation (primarily its initiation), yet consensus remains elusive. Here we quantify the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation amplification over the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Warm season (June–September) days for the 2002–2011 period (with ~1220 total days) are partitioned into three dynamic regimes based on daily water vapor convergence, among which afternoon precipitation event days are identified based on simple criteria. We find that antecedent soil moisture conditions are negatively correlated with subsequent afternoon precipitation magnitude for low dynamic regimes, but this correlation becomes positive for high dynamic regimes. In contrast, this correlation is markedly reduced in magnitude and becomes insignificant when all regime days are considered. These results are also confirmed by analyzing the precipitation histogram and diurnal cycle. Furthermore, different pathways are provided for precipitation amplification for low and high dynamic regimes.
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Storm Time Midlatitude Ionospheric Trough Based on Global GNSS‐TEC and Arase Satellite Observations
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Shepherd Simon G. , Nishitani Nozomu
Published: July 2018

Temporal and spatial variations of the midlatitude ionospheric trough during a geomagnetic storm on 4 April 2017 have been investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data together with Arase satellite observations. After the geomagnetic storm commencement, the trough minimum location moves equatorward from 60 to 48° in geomagnetic latitude within 4 hr. The trough minimum location identified from the Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data is located near the footprint of an abrupt drop of electron density detected by the Arase High‐Frequency Analyzer instrument. The longitudinal variation of the trough minimum location shows a significant variation with a scale of 1,000–2,500 km during both storm and quiet times. This phenomenon has not yet been reported by previous studies. After the onset of the storm recovery phase, the trough minimum location rapidly moves poleward back to the quiet time location within 4 hr.
Impulsively Excited Nightside Ultralow Frequency Waves Simultaneously Observed on and off the Magnetic Equator
Authors: Takahashi Kazue , Denton Richard E. , Motoba Tetsuo , Matsuoka Ayako , Kasaba Yasumasa , Kasahara Yoshiya , Teramoto Mariko , Shoji Masafumi , Takahashi Naoko , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Nosé Masahito , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Redmon Robert J. , Rodriguez Juan V.
Published: July 2018

The Arase spacecraft is capable of observing ultralow frequency waves in the inner magnetosphere at intermediate magnetic latitudes, a region sparsely covered by previous spacecraft missions. We report a series of impulsively excited fundamental toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves in the midnight sector observed by Arase outside the plasmasphere at magnetic latitudes 13–24°. The wave onsets are concurrent with Pi2 onsets detected by the Van Allen Probe B spacecraft at the magnetic equator in the duskside plasmasphere and by ground magnetometers at low latitudes. The duration of each toroidal wave packet is ∼20 min, which is much longer than that of the corresponding Pi2 wave packet. The toroidal waves cannot be the source of high‐latitude Pi2 waves because they were not detected on the ground near the magnetic field footprint of Arase. Overall, the toroidal wave event lasted more than 2 hr and allowed us to use the wave frequency to estimate the plasma mass density at L = 6.1–8.3. The mass density (in amu/cm3) is higher than the electron density (cm−3) by a factor of ∼6, which implies that 17–33% of the ions were O+.
Spatial Variation in the Slip Zone Thickness of a Seismogenic Fault
Authors: Kirkpatrick J. D. , Shervais K. A. H. , Ronayne M. J.
Published: July 2018

Fault slip is predominantly localized onto narrow slip zones embedded within broader zones of fault rock and subsidiary damage. As earthquakes re‐rupture the same slip zone multiple times, the composition and geometry of the slip zone significantly affect dynamic processes. Here we use three large cross‐sectional exposures of an exhumed fault to show that the thickness of a slip zone that accommodated seismic slip varies by an order of magnitude over tens of meters along strike. Geostatistical analyses show that the thickness variations are characterized by a correlation length scale of ~1 m and a characteristic spacing of 2–4 m. We suggest that the spacing between regions of correlated thickness represents the dimension of contact asperities on the fault. Similar magnitude variations in slip zone thickness should be generic to faults in the brittle crust, implying that slip‐weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurization are spatially variable during seismic slip.