bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntax Semantics Interface and Translation
Authors: Hamed Shoay Saleh Al-Mogarry
Published: August 2022

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى دراسة نقطة الاتصال والتداخل بين علم النحو وعلم الدلالة في اللغتين العربية والانجليزية وبالأخص دراسة تطبيقات منهج النحو التوليدي التحويلي لتشومسكي ومنهج الوظائف الموضوعية لفيل مور في بعض الجمل الانجليزية كنص أصل وترجمتها الى اللغة العربية كنص هدف من خلال التحليل النحوي والدلالي. اوضحت الدراسة وجود اتصال وتداخل بين علم النحو وعلم الدلالة في كلتا اللغتين. واثبتت الدراسة ايضا امكانية استخدام منهج ثنائي في التحليل اللغوي ودراسة العلاقة بين أي لغتين. كما اشارت الدراسة بان التحليل المستند الى علم النحو والدلالة يمكن ان يشكل عاملا مساعدا للمترجم من الانجليزية الى العربية والعكس.

Abstract

This study attempts to investigate the interface between syntax and semantics in English and Arabic. It is to study the potential implications of Transformational Generative Grammar (TGG) and thematic roles in translation from a linguistic point of view. It  presents a theoretical background of TGG and thematic roles  as the basis of the analysis applied on certain English sentences from three different texts along with their Arabic translations. Those sentences and their Arabic translations are analyzed syntactically according to Chomsky's TGG (1965) and  semantically to  Fillmore's thematic roles (1977). The results of the study show that there is  some kind of interface within these languages in terms of syntax and semantics. This emphasizes the idea of linguistic universals by Chomsky. The application of co-analysis showed that those syntactic and semantic aspects can be relatively similar in English and Arabic particularly in terms of the type of the NPs in the deep and surface structures and semantic roles.

The study concludes that translation is a practical field where the feasibility and utility of linguistic theories and ideas can be tested, and integration and application of more than one approach in translation e.g. TGG analysis and semantic roles can help in producing more appropriate translations. However, it should be stated that syntax semantics interface and its overlapping can't be solely used in translation studies.

Key Words: Syntax- Semantics- Interface-  Translation- analysis- implications.
Analysis of Public Agenda during Covid-19 Pandemics Based on Turkish and English Tweets Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Yavas Mustafa , Guran Aysun , Ekinci Yeliz
Published: August 2022

In this study, Turkish and English tweets through Twitter Application Program Interface (API) between 1-31 January 2021 are analyzed with respect to Covid-19. The collected tweets are preprocessed, labeled with the Vader Sentiment library, and then analyzed by topic modeling with Nonnegative Matrix Factorization. The analysis show that the most frequently mentioned word is “vaccine/aşı” after “Covid”. The topics modelled in the study are grouped into themes and the themes are seen to be similar in both languages, which means that the Turkish and world agenda are not very different in terms of themes in pandemics. Moreover, hypothesis tests are conducted to understand whether language and time period are related to sentiment class. The results show that the Turkish people are more neutral about the Covid-19 issue than other people in the world during the given period of time. Moreover, independent of the language, there are more negative and neutral tweets in the first half of January 2021, whereas there are more positive tweets in the second half of the month. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze Covid-19 related tweets in two languages to compare the local and global agendas using topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and hypothesis testing methods.
Point-of-care Ultrasound to Distinguish Retinal Detachment and Ruptured Arterial Microaneurysm
Authors: Kester Rachel , Szymanski Scott , Perreault Michael
Published: August 2022

Case presentation: We present the case of an older male with point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) imaging consistent with retinal detachment who was instead found by ophthalmology to have a ruptured arterial microaneurysm with vitreous and preretinal hemorrhage. The patient later had complete resolution of his symptoms. We discuss this retinal detachment “mimic.” Discussion: Preretinal hemorrhage is an uncommon condition that can be mistaken for ophthalmologic emergencies such as retinal detachment. The images and videos shown here add to the body of evidence that POCUS is useful in diagnosing pre-retinal hemorrhage but must be differ-entiated from retinal detachment. These images also emphasize the need for further research and application of POCUS for the identification of preretinal hemorrhage.
Infant with Groin Swelling
Authors: Polavarapu Nisha , Kilbane Brendan
Published: August 2022

swelling of the left groin. Physical examination revealed a soft, nontender abdomen and a two- centimeter firm and fixed mass on the left aspect of her mons pubis. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed a left inguinal hernia with incarcerated ovary. Discussion: Inguinal hernias are common in the pediatric population. In female patients, particularly those less than one year old, inguinal hernias most frequently contain an ovary rather than bowel; so they require careful evaluation to protect future reproductive function.
Design of a big data integration system for physical fitness training development based on speech recognition technology
Authors: Kang Jianying , Jianying Kang
Published: August 2022

Physical fitness training development research needs a large amount of data support, and the current data integration system uses the global view to extract data sequentially, which has the problems of too slow loading data and low query efficiency. Design a big data integration system for physical fitness training development based on speech recognition technology. Using FPGA as the carrier, design the speech recognition control module, storage communication module and speech input judgment module. Based on the hardware part of the system, the recognition signal is processed using speech recognition technology. By establishing global ontology mapping relationship, the integration of big data of physical training development is realized. The system functional test results show that the designed system has its minimum query efficiency improved by about 52.6%, and has higher loading efficiency and better processing capability..
Credibility evaluation system for The Internet of Things: Impact and Implications for Health Care Delivery
Authors: Meng Junxia , Yang Wang
Published: August 2022

Due to the imperfection of the technology of speech recognition embedded in the Internet of things devices, the evaluation results of the credibility evaluation system for speech recognition control of the Internet of things devices have errors, so a credibility evaluation system for the Internet of things devices based on speech recognition technology is designed. First of all, the hardware structure of the system is designed, the MCU main control chip is developed, and the system hardware is optimized with the help of MCU. In the software design, the digital filter is used for speech signal preprocessing, the rectangular window and Hamming window are used to frame and add windows to the speech, the function related gate is introduced to divide the fault events and basic events, and the credibility evaluation system of Internet of things equipment based on speech recognition technology is completed. The performance test results show that compared with the traditional system, the average recognition rate of the designed system for different lengths of instructions is improved.
Management of aerosol generation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Nampoolsuksan Chawisa , Chinswangwatanakul Vitoon , Methasate Asada , Swangsri Jirawat , Trakarnsanga Atthaphorn , Phalanusitthepha Chainarong , Parakonthun Thammawat , Taweerutchana Voraboot , Srisuworanan Nicha , Suwatthanarak Tharathorn , Tawantanakorn Thikhamporn , Akaraviputh Thawatchai
Published: August 2022

In the highly contagious coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) are associated with high-risk of transmission. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a procedure with the potential to cause dissemination of bodily fluids. At present, there is no consensus that endoscopy is defined as an AGP. This review discusses the current evidence on this topic with additional management. Prevailing publications on coronavirus related to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and aerosolization from the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched and reviewed. Comparative quantitative analyses showed a significant elevation of particle numbers, implying that aerosols were generated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The associated source events have also been reported. To reduce the dispersion, certain protective measures have been developed. Endoscopic unit protocols are recommended for the concerned personnel. Therefore, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy should be classified as an AGP. Proper practices should be adopted by healthcare workers and patients.
Upload metadata til DOAJ
Authors: Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra
Published: August 2022

Denne vejledning forklarer, hvordan et tidsskrift kan få uploadet/registreret metadata om publicerede artikler ved DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) gennem systemet bag tidsskrift.dk, OJS. Dette er en mulighed for tidsskrifter, der er indekseret hos DOAJ.

Ønsker du at læse mere om DOAJ, kan du besøge vores side om emnet. Her finder du også en kontaktformular, hvis du ønsker at høre mere eller få hjælp til at få dit tidsskrift indekseret hos DOAJ.
An amphipathic helix in Brl1 is required for nuclear pore complex biogenesis in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Kralt Annemarie , Wojtynek Matthias , Fischer Jonas S , Agote-Aran Arantxa , Mancini Roberta , Dultz Elisa , Noor Elad , Uliana Federico , Tatarek-Nossol Marianna , Antonin Wolfram , Onischenko Evgeny , Medalia Ohad , Weis Karsten
Published: August 2022

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the central portal for macromolecular exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. In all eukaryotes, NPCs assemble into an intact nuclear envelope (NE) during interphase, but the process of NPC biogenesis remains poorly characterized. Furthermore, little is known about how NPC assembly leads to the fusion of the outer and inner NE, and no factors have been identified that could trigger this event. Here, we characterize the transmembrane protein Brl1 as an NPC assembly factor required for NE fusion in budding yeast. Brl1 preferentially associates with NPC assembly intermediates and its depletion halts NPC biogenesis, leading to NE herniations that contain inner and outer ring nucleoporins but lack the cytoplasmic export platform. Furthermore, we identify an essential amphipathic helix in the luminal domain of Brl1 that mediates interactions with lipid bilayers. Mutations in this amphipathic helix lead to NPC assembly defects, and cryo-electron tomography analyses reveal multilayered herniations of the inner nuclear membrane with NPC-like structures at the neck, indicating a failure in NE fusion. Taken together, our results identify a role for Brl1 in NPC assembly and suggest a function of its amphipathic helix in mediating the fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
BIOSSEGURANÇA E COMPETÊNCIA PROFISSIONAL: um novo desafio para a educação no setor saúde
Authors: Sotelino Sheila , Fartes Vera Lúcia
Published: August 2022

O texto pretende analisar as atuais demandas do mundo do trabalho em saúde, que vem exigindo um novo perfil de competência profissional para o trabalhador do setor saúde pública, numa perspectiva de redefinição da educação profissional voltada para aquele setor, apontando para a necessária reflexão sobre as questões de biossegurança como um conhecimento que possibilita o controle dos riscos que o trabalho científico pode aportar ao ambiente e à vida. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biossegurança, saúde, processo de trabalho, competência profissional, educação. BIO-SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: a new challenge for education in the health sector The text intends to analyze the present health demands in the world of work, which require a new profile for the public health sector worker in terms of professional competence in a perspective of redefining the vocational education oriented to that sector. It points out to the necessary thoughts on bio-safety issues as a kind of knowledge that the scientific work can offer to environment and to life, thus enabling he control of risks. KEYWORDS: Bio-safety, health, process of work, professional competence, and education. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
EL ESTADO Y LA DEMOCRACIA EM AMÉRICA LATINA BAJO LA GLOBALIZACIÓN NEOLIBERAL
Authors: Costilla Lucio Oliver
Published: August 2022

El autor analiza las tendencias y contradicciones vigentes en el proceso de transformación del Estado y modernización democrática en América Latina, a partir del contexto de la internacionalización del capital y de la implantación del modelo neoliberal. Explicita formas de gobernabilidad autoritaria vigentes en América Latina, que se contraponen a dicha gobernabilidad democrática. En ese sentido evalua los límites y posibilidades reales de los partidos de oposición, las características de las fuerzas políticas que integran el bloque en el poder, la naturaleza y posibilidades que surgen con los movimientos de resistencia y sus relaciones con la estructura de los partidos; concluyendo con la necesidad de una reforma política y democrática del Estado, que cuestione la concentración de poder de las tecnocracias intermediarias del Estado, reivindique soberanía nacional y popular y libere a los partidos del engranaje midiático electoral. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Estado, democracia, gobernabilidad, governance, América Latina. DEMOCRACY STATUS IN LATIN AMERICA FACE THE NEOLIBERAL GLOBALIZATION The present study intends to analyze the current trends and contradictions, adopting a critical attitude face the unquestionable advances that the transformation of the State and the democratic modernization has introduced in Latin American countries. I would like to begin by stating that each period, situation and place bestows a specific meaning to these concepts. At present the ideas of State, democracy and governance carry a specific meaning associated to complex economic, social and political phenomena of a new capitalist globalization. KEY WORDS: State, democracy, government, governance, Latin America. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
DESEMPENHO INSTITUCIONAL E JUSTIÇA EM RELAÇÃO À EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Laniado Ruthy Nadia
Published: August 2022

O desempenho institucional em relação à justiça e à distribuição dos recursos que são aplicados nesse campo da ação social tem sido muito assimétrico no Brasil contemporâneo. Há uma grande desigualdade no acesso aos recursos voltados para a justiça, como esfera de distribuição de interesses e resolução de conflitos (coletivos ou individuais). Este trabalho discute o tema, destacando como alguns elementos da cultura política brasileira têm implicações na realização da justiça social, produzindo, em última instância, uma modalidade específica de exclusão. Para isso, privilegia o entendimento dos fundamentos básicos da ação social como a reciprocidade e a confiança na sociedade contemporânea e relaciona-os com justiça e exclusão em sociedades altamente diferenciadas e institucionalizadas. Finalmente, sugere que valores de cultura política, marcados por relações assimétricas e conflitantes entre reciprocidade, troca e confiança, interferem na realização da justiça social no Brasil. Na prática, imprimem uma forma de exclusão demarcada pelo modo como se dá o desempenho das instituições e pela conduta dos agentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Reciprocidade, confiança, desempenho institucional, justiça social, exclusão social. INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND JUSTICE RELATED TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN CONTEMPORY BRAZIL Institutional performance in relation to justice and distribution of resources that are allocated in this field of social action has been very asymmetric in contemporary Brazil. There is a considerable social inequality that results in unequal access to resources related to justice, in the spheres of interest distribution and conflict resolution (collective or individual). This work discusses this argument emphasising some elements of Brazilian political culture and their implications for social justice, which, in the last instance, I will argue, produces a specific modality of exclusion. The discussion focuses on the basic foundation of social action, that is, reciprocity and trust in contemporary society and relates them to justice and exclusion in highly complex and institutionalised societies. Finally, I will suggest that values of political culture marked by asymmetric and conflicting relations between reciprocity, exchange and trust interfere in social justice in Brazil. For, in practice, they produce a form of exclusion marked by the general performance of institutions and by the conduct of social agents. KEY WORDS: Reciprocity, trust, institutional performance, social justice, social exclusion. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O ORÇAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO COMO POLÍTICA PÚBLICA: reflexões sobre o caso de Belo Horizonte
Authors: De Azevedo Sérgio , Guia Virgínia Rennó
Published: August 2022

Este artigo se propõe a discutir a prática do Orçamento Participativo implementado pelas três últimas administrações da Prefeitura em Belo Horizonte, um desses novos instrumentos que tem mostrado grande potencialidade de “accountability ”. Na primeira seção, analisamos, de forma sucinta, conceitos vinculados à ação coletiva, participação social e formato institucional. Posteriormente, realizamos um histórico da trajetória da política do Orçamento Participativo em Belo Horizonte, destacando suas potencialidades e principais constrangimentos. Por fim, realizamos um breve balanço dessa política, inspirado nos paradigmas discutidos inicialmente. PALAVRAS:CHAVE: Ação coletiva, participação, formato institucional, orçamento participativo, gestão local. THE PARTICIPATORY BUDGET PROCESS AS A PUBLIC POLICY: THOUGHTS ON BELO HORIZONTE’S CASE This paper proposes the discussion of the Participatory Budget process implemented in the last three administrations in Belo Horizonte’s Municipality, one of the new instruments that has showed a great accountability potential. In the first section we summarize the analysis of concepts associated to collective action, social participation and institutional format. Later on, we have traced the history of the Participatory budgeting Belo Horizonte, calling attention to its potentialities and major constraints. Finally, we make a quick balance of this politics, inspired on the paradigms that were discussed in the beginning. KEY WORDS: Collective action, participation, institutional format, participatory budgeting, local management Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A FRAGMENTAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO BRASILEIRO: a criação de novos estados no Brasil
Authors: Martins Herbert Toledo
Published: August 2022

Este texto apresenta uma nova fonte de compreensão para os estudos sobre o federalismo a partir do movimento de criação de novos estados da federação brasileira. Atualmente, existem espalhados pelo território diversos movimentos políticos regionais que lutam pela transformação de suas regiões em novas unidades federativas, a partir do desmembramento e/ou fragmentação de estados já existentes. Assim, este texto descreve os antecedentes históricos da divisão territorial desde o período colonial, levando em consideração as diversas propostas, estudos e polêmicas surgidas em torno da questão. Em seguida, trata das proposições de criação de novos estados, discutidas na Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) de 1987/88 e, finalmente, dos movimentos regionais que emergiram após a Constituinte. O referencial teórico apóia-se no instrumental da sociologia política, em especial, aquele que reúne estudos sobre a relação centro e periferia. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Estado Nacional, federalismo, federação, regiões, desmembramento, separatismo. THE FRAGMENTATION OF THE BRAZILIAN TERRITORY: the creation of new states in Brazil This text presents a new source for understanding the studies on federalism based on the movement of creating new states in the Brazilian Federation. At present, several political regional movements are spread out throughout the country. They are struggling to transform their regions into new federative units, dismembering and/or fragmenting existing states. This paper describes the historical precedents of the territorial division since the colonial period, taking into consideration the several proposals, studies and polemics discussed in the National Constitutional Convention (1987/88), as well as the regional movements that emerged after it. The theoretical reference is based on the sociological political background, specially the ones that encompass studies on central and peripheral relationship. KEY WORDS: National State, federalism, federation, regions, dismemberment separatism. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O NEGRO E O PODER NO BRASIL: uma proposta de agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Pereira Cloves Luiz
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa a literatura sobre o negro e o poder no Brasil, mostrando que apesar de a sociedade brasileira ser multirracial e multiétnica, historicamente, as ciências sociais brasileiras têm dedicado pouca atenção aos estudos sobre a participação do negro na arena política nacional. O autor sustenta que os pesquisadores têm negligenciado o tema “negro e política ”, sobretudo os determinantes da sub-representação deste grupo nos cargos do Legislativo e Executivo. Conclui sugerindo a necessidade da realização de pesquisas sobre o comportamento dos negros enquanto eleitores, grupos de pressão e candidatos, e o desenvolvimento de estudos comparativos de campanhas eleitorais que envolvam candidaturas de negros a cargos majoritários e proporcionais. Também é destacada a importância da realização de estudos na área de mídia e política, para compreender as estratégias de comunicação dos políticos negros e a influência da propaganda política nos processos eleitorais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Eleição, participação política, políticos negros, agenda de pesquisa. BLACKS AND POWER IN BRAZIL: proposal of an agenda for the survey Cloves Luiz Pereira Oliveira This article analyses literature on black people and power in Brazil, showing that although the Brazilian society is multiracial and multi-ethnical, historically the Brazilian social sciences have not paid much attention to the studies on the blacks’ participation in the national political arena. The author states that the surveyors have neglected the “blacks and politics” topic, especially the determinants of the subrepresentation of this group in the legislative and executive positions. It ends up suggesting the need of carrying out researches on blacks’ behavior as voters, pressure groups and candidates, as well as the development of comparative studies of the political campaigns involving the election of blacks to higher rank positions. The importance of the development of studies in the media and political scenario is also highlighted to understand the strategies of communication of the black politicians and the influence of the political propaganda on the election processes. KEY WORDS: Election, political participation, black politicians and agenda of the survey Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
DA INFORMALIDADE À EMPREGABILIDADE (reorganizando a dominação no mundo do trabalho)
Authors: Machado Luiz Antônio
Published: August 2022

O texto discute os limites do conceito de informalidade à luz do seu desenvolvimento na atualidade brasileira. Retoma a história das diferentes nações desde as suas origens até o momento atual, tendo por objetivo confrontar a ambigüidade dos conceitos frente às realidade de cada momento. A tese principal é a de que, nas últimas décadas, em decorrência dos processos de reestruturação produtiva, terciarização, globalização, etc, ocorre um esvaziamento de conteúdo da informalidade, que perde força analítica e se transforma em uma denominação de uso trivial ou "universal" para indicar processos mais gerais como a flexibilização ou a desregulamentação. Torna-se assim um conceito esgotado e que está sendo substituído por outro: empregabilidade/empreendedorismo, como um novo modo de exploração capitalista e de dominação no mundo do trabalho, que busca reconstruir uma cultura do trabalho adptada ao desemprego, ao risco e à inseguramça. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trabalho, informalidade, empregabilidade, empreendedorismo. FROM INFORMALITY TO EMPLOYABILITY (reorganizing domination in the world of labor) Luiz Antônio Machado da Silva The text discusses the limits of the concept of  informality according to its development in the present brazilian scenario. It resumes the history of the different principles from its origin up to the present moment, bearing in mind the comparsion of the ambiguity concepts according to each moment's reality. The main proposition is that owing to the processes of productive restructuring, outsourcing, globalization, etc during the last decades, the concept of informalitylost its analytical force, thus becoming a denomination of something trivial or "universal" to indicate more general processes such as flexibilization or disregulation. It then become depleted concept, being replaced by another one: employability/entrepreneurism, a new model capitalist exploitation and of world of labor domination, which tries to rebuilt a culture of labor adepted to unemployment, risk and insecurity. KEY WORDS: Labor, informality. employability, entrepreneurism. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
TERCEIRIZAÇÃO: balanço de uma década
Authors: Druck Graça , Borges Ângela
Published: August 2022

O estudo faz uma avaliação do processo de terceirização na Bahia nos últimos dez anos e busca cotejar informações coletadas no final da década - tanto em pesquisas recentes realizadas pelas autoras como em levantamentos de outras fontes - com os resultados de um grande estudo realizado no início da década de 90, que contou com a participação das autoras e cujos resultados foram publicados. Destaca-se, sobretudo, o desenvolvimento das tendências já anunciadas no início da década e as novbas formas de terceirização. Discutem-se as principais implicações desse processo para os trabalhadores e procura-se ainda evidenciar a relação entre o processo de terceirização e as mudanças no mercado de trabalho, retratadas nos danos secundários disponíveis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trabalho, terceirização, mercado de trabalho, precarização, emprego. OUTSOURCING: THE BALANCE OF A DECADE Graça Druck Ângela Borges The study makes an evaluation of the outsourcing process in Bahia in the last ten years and tries to compare the information gathered in the late 90s - whether by the recent researchers performed by the authors or from the sources surveys - with the results of a major study carried out in the eraly 90s, whose results were already published, and with the author's participation. It is worth mentioning, however, the development of the trends that were presented at the beginning of the decade and the new outsourcing forms. The paper also discusses the main implications in this process as far as the workers are concerned. It also tries to show the relationship between the outsourcing process and the changes in the labor market, sown by the secondary data available. KEY WORDS: Labor, outsourcing, labor market, precarization, employment. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
KAROSHI: O TRABALHO ENTRE A VIDA E A MORTE
Authors: Franco Tânia
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem o intuito de apresentar a questão da sobrecarga de trabalho nas organizações japonesas e a sua ação disruptiva sobre a saúde, focalizando especialmente o karoshi - morte súbita por excesso de trabalho. Tem como objetivo precípuo divulgar pesquisas, depoimentos e casos de karoshi no Japão, que são fortes indicadores da centralidade do trabalho nas sociedades capitalistas contemporâneas e sinais do contínuo e renovado risco do trabalho dominado, instrumento de acumulção que congela o trabalho como dimensão social de vida e morte dos indivíduos. Busca contribuir para reflexões sobre a atualidade do mundo real do trabalho, marcado por uma férrea organização e rígido controle sobre homens e mulheres que vivem do trabalho, qualidades subjacentes aos processos de flexibilização e desregulamentação do emprego em voga. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Modelo japonês, karoshi, flexibilização do trabalho, trabalho e saúde, sobrecarga de trabalho. KAROSHI: LABOR BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH Tânia Franco The aim of this article is to present the over work issue in the Japanese organizations and its destructive effect on health, focusing specially on karoshi - sudden death from overwork. Its main goal is to disseminate researches, testimonies and karoshi cases in Japan; strong indicators of labor centrality in the contemporaneous capitalist societies, as well as signs of the ongoing and renovated risk of dominated labor; accumulation instrument that immobilizes work as a social dimension of the individual's life and death. The paper aims at contributing to thoughts on real life situation of the world of labor, highlighted by a stiff organization and high strain control on men and women who live from work; underlying qualities in terms of labor present trend of the present processes of labor flexibilization and disregulamentation. KEY WORDS: Japonese model, karoshi, labor flexibilization, labor and health, labor overwork. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Despite Its Fan Base, Newly Authorized “Traditional” Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine Is Having Trouble Gaining a Foothold in the US
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: August 2022

This Medical News feature examines whether the newly authorized Novavax COVID-19 vaccine will spur unvaccinated holdouts to finally get immunized.
Accuracy of 2 Rapid Antigen Tests During 3 Phases of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Drain Paul K. , Bemer Meagan , Morton Jennifer F. , Dalmat Ronit , Abdille Hussein , Thomas Katherine K. , Uppal Timsy K. , Hau Derrick , Green Heather R. , Gates-Hollingsworth Marcellene A. , AuCoin David P. , Verma Subhash C.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Variants of SARS-CoV-2 have sequence variations in the viral genome that may alter the accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests.

Objective

To assess the analytical and clinical accuracy of 2 rapid diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 during 3 phases of variants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This diagnostic study included participants aged 18 years or older who reported onset of COVID-19–like symptoms within the prior 5 days and were tested at multiple COVID-19 testing locations in King County, Washington, from February 17, 2021, to January 11, 2022, during 3 distinct phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron).

Interventions

Two anterior nasal swab specimens were collected from each participant—1 for onsite testing by the SCoV-2 Ag Detect Rapid Self-Test and 1 for reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The analytical limit of detection of the 2 rapid diagnostic tests (SCoV-2 Ag Detect Rapid Self-Test and BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card) was assessed using Omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and a wild-type (USA-WA1/2020) variant. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of clinical testing for the rapid antigen tests were compared with that of RT-PCR testing.

Results

A total of 802 participants were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 37.3 [13.3] years; 467 [58.2%] female), 424 (52.9%) of whom had not received COVID-19 vaccination and presented a median of 2 days (IQR, 1-3 days) from symptom onset. Overall, no significant differences were found in the analytical limit of detection or clinical diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen testing across SARS-CoV-2 variants. The estimated limit of detection for both rapid nucleocapsid antigen tests was at or below a 50% tissue culture infectious dose of 62.5, and the positive percent agreement of the SCoV-2 Ag Detect Rapid Self-Test ranged from 81.2% (95% CI, 69.5%-89.9%) to 90.7% (95% CI, 77.9%-97.4%) across the 3 phases of variants. The diagnostic sensitivity increased for nasal swabs with a lower cycle threshold by RT-PCR, which correlates with a higher viral load.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this diagnostic study, analytical and clinical performance data demonstrated accuracy of 2 rapid antigen tests among adults with COVID-19 symptoms across 3 phases of SARS-CoV-2 variants. The findings suggest that home-based rapid antigen testing programs may be an important intervention to reduce global SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Association Between Geospatial Access to Care and Firearm Injury Mortality in Philadelphia
Authors: Byrne James P. , Kaufman Elinore , Scantling Dane , Tam Vicky , Martin Niels , Raza Shariq , Cannon Jeremy W. , Schwab C. William , Reilly Patrick M. , Seamon Mark J.
Published: August 2022

Importance

The burden of firearm violence in US cities continues to rise. The role of access to trauma center care as a trauma system measure with implications for firearm injury mortality has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Objective

To evaluate the association between geospatial access to care and firearm injury mortality in an urban trauma system.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective cohort study of all people 15 years and older shot due to interpersonal violence in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between January 1, 2015, and August 9, 2021.

Exposures

Geospatial access to care, defined as the predicted ground transport time to the nearest trauma center for each person shot, derived by geospatial network analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Risk-adjusted mortality estimated using hierarchical logistic regression. The population attributable fraction was used to estimate the proportion of fatalities attributable to disparities in geospatial access to care.

Results

During the study period, 10 105 people (910 [9%] female and 9195 [91%] male; median [IQR] age, 26 [21-28] years; 8441 [84%] Black, 1596 [16%] White, and 68 other [<1%], including Asian and unknown, consolidated owing to small numbers) were shot due to interpersonal violence in Philadelphia. Of these, 1999 (20%) died. The median (IQR) predicted transport time was 5.6 (3.8-7.2) minutes. After risk adjustment, each additional minute of predicted ground transport time was associated with an increase in odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.03 per minute; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). Calculation of the population attributable fraction using mortality rate ratios for incremental 1-minute increases in predicted ground transport time estimated that 23% of shooting fatalities could be attributed to differences in access to care, equivalent to 455 deaths over the study period.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings indicate that geospatial access to care may be an important trauma system measure, improvements to which may result in reduced deaths from gun violence in US cities.
Missed Opportunities and Health Disparities for Advance Care Planning Before Elective Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Colley Alexis , Lin Joseph A. , Pierce Logan , Finlayson Emily , Sudore Rebecca L. , Wick Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Importance

Advance care planning (ACP) prepares patients and caregivers for medical decision-making, yet it is underused in the perioperative surgical setting, particularly among older adults undergoing high-risk procedures who are at risk for postoperative complications. It is unknown what patient factors are associated with perioperative ACP documentation among older surgical patients.

Objective

To assess ACP documentation among high-risk patients 65 years and older undergoing elective surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this observational cohort study including 3671 patients 65 years and older undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary academic center in California, electronic health record data were linked to the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project outcomes data and the California statewide death registry. The study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from January to May 2022.

Exposures

Elective surgery requiring an inpatient admission.

Main Outcomes and Measures

ACP documentation, defined as a discussion regarding goals of care documented in an ACP note, an advance directive, or a physician order for life-sustaining treatment (POLST) form, within 90 days before elective surgery requiring inpatient admission. Multivariate regression was performed to identify factors associated with missing ACP.

Results

Among 3671 patients (median [IQR] age 72 [65-94] years; 1784 [48.6%] female; 401 [10.9%] Asian, 155 [4.2%] Black, 284 [7.7%] Latino/Latina, 2647 [72.1%] White, and 184 [5.0%] of other races or ethnicities, including American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, multiple races or ethnicities, other, and unknown or declined to respond, combined owing to small numbers), 539 (14.7%) had ACP documentation in the 90-day presurgery window. Of these 539, 448 (83.1%) had advance directives, and 60 (11.1%) had POLST forms. The 30-day and 1-year mortality were 0.7% (n = 27) and 6.6% (n = 244), respectively. Missing ACP was significantly associated with male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.14-1.69) and having a non-English preferred language (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.18-2.79). Medicare insurance was significantly associated with having ACP (aOR for missing ACP, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, perioperative ACP was uncommon, particularly in men, individuals with a non-English preferred language, and those without Medicare insurance coverage. The perioperative setting may represent a missed opportunity for ACP for older surgical patients. When addressing ACP for surgical patients, particular attention should be paid to overcoming language-related disparities.
Numerical Simulation of Traditional and Technological Zinc‐Based Coatings: Part II
Authors: Friedrich Leandro F. , Vantadori Sabrina , Zanichelli Andrea , Colpo Angélica B. , Iturrioz Ignacio , Di Cocco Vittorio
Published: August 2022

Herein, the bending behavior of hot‐dip galvanizing hot‐rolled hypersandelin plates, together with the corresponding crack pattern, is numerically investigated by using a hybrid model developed in Ansys LS‐DYNA environment, by combining the discrete element method (DEM) with finite element method (FEM). The experimental bending tests here simulated and available in the literature are performed by considering two types of bath, that is, a pure zinc bath and a technological bath, consisting in a zinc bath with 3% Sn addition by weight. The results related to the bending behavior are compared with both experimental data and other FE numerical results, previously obtained by some of the present authors. Moreover, the numerical crack patterns are compared with the experimental observations of the longitudinal section of the plates at the end of testing, by means of a light optical microscope. A quite satisfactory agreement is observed.
Simulation and Experiment of Localized Electrochemical Deposition with Re‐Entrant Structures by Applying the Tip Effect
Authors: Xu Jinkai , Zou Zhaoqiang , Ren Wanfei , Xu Zhenming , Wang Xue
Published: August 2022

Re‐entrant structures on the metallic surface play an essential role in the surface properties of materials. However, low efficiency in the preparation of such structures decreases their presence in different application areas. Herein, a new method of localized electrochemical deposition (LECD) manufacturing of re‐entrant structures by applying the tip effect (TE) is introduced. Thanks to this method, manufacturing complex re‐entrant structures can be realized rapidly and efficiently by a simple process without any external control. First, electrochemical measurement methods are used to analyze the copper electrodeposition mechanism, and then a simulation software is adopted to simulate this method. The simulation results suggest that the deposition velocity of the four edges on the copper microcolumn is faster than that of the other position, which means that applying TE makes it feasible to prepare re‐entrant structures by localized electrodeposition. Moreover, experimental results show that the deposition potential of −0.70 V and the deposition time of 900 s are the optimal parameter combinations to obtain the best re‐entrant structures. In addition, the volumetric deposition rate of a single re‐entrant structure can reach 924.8 μm3 s−1. This method provides an opportunity for large‐area manufacturing of re‐entrant structures and lays the foundation for future applications.
Graphene and CNT‐Based Smart Fiber‐Reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: Islam Mohammad Hamidul , Afroj Shaila , Uddin Mohammad Abbas , Andreeva Daria V. , Novoselov Kostya S , Karim Nazmul
Published: August 2022

Multifunctional fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites provide an ideal platform for next‐generation smart composites applications including structural health monitoring, electrical and thermal conductivity, energy storage and harvesting, and electromagnetic interference shielding without compromising their mechanical properties. Recent progress in carbon‐based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has enabled the development of many novel multifunctional composites with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, the effective incorporation of such carbon nanomaterials into FRP composites using scalable, high‐speed, and cost‐effective manufacturing without compromising their performance is challenging. This review summarizes the recent progress on graphene and CNT‐based FRP composites, their manufacturing techniques, and their applications in smart composites. Current technical challenges and future perspectives on smart FRP composites research to facilitate an essential step toward moving from research and development‐based smart composites to industrial‐scale mass production are also discussed.
Multilevel Hollow Phenolic Resin Nanoreactors with Precise Metal Nanoparticles Spatial Location toward Promising Heterogeneous Hydrogenations
Authors: Pi Yutong , Ma Yanfu , Wang Xinyao , Price Cameron‐Alexander Hurd , Li Haitao , Liu Qinglong , Wang Liwei , Chen Hongyu , Hou Guangjin , Su Bao‐Lian , Liu Jian
Published: August 2022

Hollow nanostructures with fascinating properties have inspired numerous interests in broad research fields. Cell‐mimicking complex hollow architectures with precise active components distributions are particularly important, while their synthesis remains highly challenging. Herein, a “top‐down” chemical surgery strategy is introduced to engrave the 3‐aminophenol formaldehyde resin (APF) spheres at nanoscale. Undergoing the cleavage of (Ar)CN bonds with ethanol as chemical scissors and subsequent repolymerization process, the Solid APF transform to multilevel hollow architecture with precise nanospatial distribution of organic functional groups (e.g., hydroxymethyl and amine). The transformation is tracked by electron microscopy and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, the category and dosage of alcohol are pivotal for constructing multilevel hollow structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated the evolution of nanostructures accompanied with unique organic microenvironments is able to accurately confine multiple gold (Au) nanoparticles, leading to the formation of pomegranate‐like particles. Through selectively depositing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles onto the outer shell, bimetallic Au@APF@Pd catalysts are formed, which exhibit excellent hydrogenation performance with turnover frequency (TOF) value up to 11257 h–1. This work provides an effective method for precisely manipulating the nanostructure and composition of polymers at nanoscale and sheds light on the design of catalysts with precise spatial active components.
Balancing the Selective Absorption and Photon‐to‐Electron Conversion for Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics with 5.0% Light‐Utilization Efficiency
Authors: Guan Shitao , Li Yaokai , Yan Kangrong , Fu Weifei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng
Published: August 2022

Efficiently converting invisible light while allowing full visible light transmission is key to achieving high‐performance semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs). Here, a detailed balance strategy is explored to optimize the ST‐OPV via taking both absorption and carrier dynamics into consideration. Based on this principle, comprehensive optimizations are carried out, including a ternary strategy, donor:acceptor blend ratio, thickness, antireflection, etc., to compromise the invisible energy conversion and visible transmission for high‐performance ST‐OPVs. As a result, the opaque OPV device exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.35% (certificated 19.07%), and most strikingly, the best ST‐OPV shows a remarkably high light‐utilization efficiency of 5.0%, where the efficiency and the average visible transmission are 12.95% and 38.67%, respectively. An efficiency of 12.09% is achieved on the upscaled device with an area of 1.05 cm2, demonstrating its promise for large‐area fabrication. These results are among the best values for ST‐OPVs. Besides, it is demonstrated that the ST‐OPV exhibits good infrared light‐reflection capability for thermal control. This work provides a rational design of balancing the absorbing selectivity and photon‐to‐electron conversion for high‐performance ST‐OPVs, and may pave the way toward the practical application of solar windows.
Electrosynthesis of β‐Acyloxy‐γ‐Selenyl Amines via Migratory Oxyselenation of N‐Acyl Allylamines
Authors: Lin Kejun , Lan Jianyong , Zhu Tingshun
Published: August 2022

A metal‐free and external‐oxidant‐free electrosynthesis of β‐acyloxy‐γ‐selenyl amines was developed. The cascade reaction is triggered by anodic oxidative generation of electrophilic selenium cation, followed by electrophilic addition to the unactivated alkene, and successive water promoted intramolecular acyl migration. The reactions gave the products in up to 98% yield with controllable regio‐ and diastereoselectivities. Different chemoselectivity towards cyclization products was also viable with N‐Boc and N‐Cbz substrates. Both batch chemistry and flow chemistry were available for scale‐up synthesis with up to 91% yield.

magnified image
Dual Vertically Aligned Electrode‐Inspired High‐Capacity Lithium Batteries
Authors: Mu Yongbiao , Chen Yuzhu , Wu Buke , Zhang Qing , Lin Meng , Zeng Lin
Published: August 2022

Lithium (Li) dendrite formation and poor Li+ transport kinetics under high‐charging current densities and capacities inhibit the capabilities of Li metal batteries (LMBs). This study proposes a 3D conductive multichannel carbon framework (MCF) with homogeneously distributed vertical graphene nanowalls (VGWs@MCF) as a multifunctional host to efficiently regulate Li deposition and accelerate Li+ transport. A novel electrode for both Li|VGWs@MCF anode and LFP|VGWs@MCF (NCM811|VGWs@MCF) cathode is designed and fabricated using a dual vertically aligned architecture. This unique hierarchical structure provides ultrafast, continuous, and smooth electron transport channels; furthermore, it furnishes outstanding mechanical strength to support massive Li deposition at ultrahigh rates. As a result, the Li|VGWs@MCF anode exhibits outstanding cycling stability at ultrahigh currents and capacities (1000 h at 10 mA cm–2 and 10 mAh cm–2, and 1000 h at 30 mA cm–2 and 60 mAh cm–2). Moreover, full cells made of such 3D anodes and freestanding LFP|VGWs@MCF (NCM811|VGWs@MCF) cathodes with conspicuous mass loading (45 mg cm–2 for LFP and 35 mg cm–2 for NCM811) demonstrate excellent areal capacities (6.98 mAh cm–2 for LFP and 5.6 mAh cm–2 for NCM811). This strategy proposes a promising direction for the development of high‐energy‐density practical Li batteries that combine safety, performance, and sustainability.