bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on type 1 diabetes mellitus rat muscles
Authors: Sabadine Maria Augusta , Russo Thiago Luiz , Luna Genoveva Flores , Oliveira Leal Angela Merice
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) causes marked skeletal muscle atrophy. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an attractive therapy to avoid diabetic complications because of their ability to modify the microenvironment at sites of tissue injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of MSC transplantation on muscle adaptation caused by diabetes. Methods: DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and the diabetic animals received systemic MSC transplantation. The von Frey test and footprint analysis were used to assess sensation and sensory motor performance, respectively. Tibialis anterior muscles were investigated by morphology; molecular markers atrogin‐1/muscle RING‐finger protein‐1, nuclear factor κB/p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis‐like weak inducer of apoptosis/fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14, myostatin, myogenic differentiation 1, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 were also assessed. Results: MSC transplantation improved sensation and walking performance and also decreased muscle fibrosis in DM rats by modulating atrogenes but did not prevent muscle atrophy. Discussion: MSCs can reduce muscle and functional complications that result from type 1 DM in rats. Muscle Nerve 58: 583–591, 2018
Nonparametric extraction of oscillations in short time series
Authors: Li Xiang , Pöppel Ernst , Bao Yan
Published: July 2018

Oscillations are important for functional homeostasis. However, the oscillatory processes are sometimes masked by noise. A nonparametric method to extract oscillatory components does not assume stability in period or amplitude, it is resistant to linear components and phase insensitive, and it allows statistical inference.
AT‐rich interactive domain 5B regulates androgen receptor transcription in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yamakawa Takahiro , Waer Christi , Itakura Keiichi
Published: July 2018

Background

The androgen receptor (AR) is one of the most important and dynamically regulated factors in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Despite the importance of AR expression regulation, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. ARID5B, an AT‐rich interaction domain DNA‐binding motif‐containing transcription factor, is expressed higher in primary PCa than normal prostate, and correlated with AR expression. We therefore hypothesized that ARID5B could regulate AR expression.

Methods

Correlation between AR and ARID5B expression was analyzed using publicly and commercially available microarray data. To examine the role of ARID5B in AR expression, ARID5B was knocked down in VCaP and LNCaP cells, then mRNA and protein levels of AR were measured and an in vitro cell proliferation assay was performed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to further examine molecular mechanisms.

Results

Knockdown of ARID5B suppressed the AR mRNA and protein expression in VCaP and LNCaP cells and decreased in vitro cell proliferation. Suppression of ARID5B decreased the occupancy of active RNA polymerase II in the AR promoter, indicating that ARID5B regulates AR transcription. The active histone mark, H3K4me3, occupancy was decreased with ARID5B knockdown.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that AR transcription is positively regulated by ARID5B through H3K4me3 recruitment in the AR promoter. Our findings reveal novel mechanisms of AR transcription, which is dynamically regulated in prostate tumor progression.
To shrink or not to shrink: Hotelling'sT2chart based on shrunken covariance estimates
Authors: Shepherd Deborah K. , Jones‐Farmer L. Allison , Rigdon Steven E. , Bodden Kevin M.
Published: July 2018

Several authors have studied the effect of parameter estimation on the performance of Phase II control charts and shown that large in‐control reference samples are necessary for the Phase II control charts to perform as desired. For higher dimensional data, even larger reference samples are required to achieve stable estimation of the in‐control parameters. Shrinkage estimation has been widely studied as a method to achieve stable estimation of the covariance matrix for high‐dimensional data. We investigate the average run length (ARL) distribution of the HotellingT2chart when using a shrunken covariance matrix. Specifically, we explore the following questions: (1) Does the use of a shrinkage estimator of the covariance matrix result in reduced variability in the ARL performance of theT2chart? (2) Does the use of a shrinkage estimator of the covariance matrix result in a reduced occurrence of “strictly multivariate” false alarms on theT2chart? (3) How does shrinkage of the covariance matrix affect the out‐of‐control performance of theT2chart? We use a simulation study to investigate the use of shrinkage estimation with the HotellingT2chart in Phase II. Our results indicate that, while shrinkage estimation affects the ARL performance of theT2chart, the benefits are small and occur in fairly specific circumstances. The benefits of shrinking may not justify the use of more advanced techniques.
On the cycle space of a random graph
Authors: Baron Jacob D. , Kahn Jeff
Published: July 2018

Write for the cycle space of a graph G, for the subspace of spanned by the copies of the κ‐cycle in G, for the class of graphs satisfying , and for the class of graphs each of whose edges lies in a . We prove that for every odd and ,

so the
's of a random graph span its cycle space as soon as they cover its edges. For κ = 3 this was shown in [6].
Two Novel Binuclear Lanthanide Complexes with 2,5‐Dichlorobenzoic Acid and 5,5’‐Dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine: Crystal Structures, Luminescence and Thermal Properties
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Hui , Li Ying‐Ying , Ren Ning , Zhang Jian‐Jun
Published: July 2018

Two novel binuclear lanthanide complexes [Ln(2, 5‐DClBA)3(5,5’‐DM‐2,2’‐bipy)(H2O)]2(5,5’‐DM‐2,2’‐bipy) (Ln=Eu(1), Tb(2)); 2,5‐DClBA=2,5‐dichlorobenzoate; 5,5’‐DM‐2,2’‐bipy=5,5’‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine) have been successfully synthesized via conventional solution method and then characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and elemental analysis. These two binuclear complexes differ from other reported binuclear complexes, because the free neutral ligands are not common in crystal structure. The complexes are isomorphic, which have the same coordination number of eight with a distorted square antiprismatic molecular geometry. The binuclear units feature hydrogen bonding (O−H⋅⋅⋅N and C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl) and π‐π stacking interactions assemble the adjacent molecular units into 1D, 2D and 3D supramolecular novel structures. It is worth noting that the novel 1D supramolecular structure is formed by the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen atoms of free 5,5’‐DM‐2,2’‐bipy ligand and the oxygen atom of the coordination water molecule. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the two complexes were studied by TG/DSC‐FTIR techniques. Additionally, the luminescence spectra and lifetime have been studied in detail. The results indicate that Eu3+ ion and Tb3+ ion could be sensitized by ligands and thus emitted intense characteristic red and green luminescence, respectively.
Metal Phosphide:A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural to 2‐Methylfuran
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Liu Fei , Han Han , Xiao Linfei , Wu Wei
Published: July 2018

A series of metal phosphides were prepared by temperature programmed reduction and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (31P MAS NMR), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD) and pyridine infrared spectroscopy (Py‐IR), their catalytic performance were investigated in the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural to form 2‐methylfuran. The effects of metal phosphide and the initial P/Ni molar ratios on the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural were studied, and the reaction conditions were optimized. Furfural was thoroughly converted when the reaction was carried out under 240 °C and 2.0 MPa for 4 h over MoP or Ni2P, and the selectivity of 2‐methylfuran was achieved 83.1% when the Ni2P_0.5 was employed as a catalyst. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the Ni2P_0.5 catalyst could be used for six times with slightly decrease in catalytic performance.
Visible‐Light Induced Simultaneous Oxidation of Methyl Orange and Reduction of Cr(VI) with Fe(III)‐Grafted K2Ti6O13 Photocatalyst
Authors: Khan Azam , Alam Umair , Ali Danish , Muneer M.
Published: July 2018

The broad absorption of visible light and efficient separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pair with high redox ability are important for enhancing the photocatalytic process. Herein, visible light sensitive Fe(III)‐grafted K2Ti6O13 NBs were successfully synthesized by molten salt cum‐impregnation method. Different analytical techniques such as XRD, UV‐Vis‐DRS, SEM‐EDS, TEM, EPR and BET analyses were employed to characterize the structure, morphology, and surface elemental composition of the prepared samples. The surface grafting of amorphous form of Fe(III) nanocluster was confirmed by TEM and EPR analyses. The visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic removal of individual and binary mixture of Methyl orange and Cr(VI) was tested with prepared samples and the results indicated that simultaneous removal is more efficient in the presence of Fe(III)‐grafted K2Ti6O13. Particularly, 0.1 Fe(III)‐K2Ti6O13 has shown the best activity when compared with pure K2Ti6O13 and Degussa P25. Efficient absorption of visible light and effective separation of charge carriers are the key factors for enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Metal‐Free Preparation of α‐H‐Chlorinated Alkylaromatic Hydrocarbons by Sunlight
Authors: Gaspa Silvia , Valentoni Antonio , Mulas Gabriele , Porcheddu Andrea , De Luca Lidia
Published: July 2018

A metal and additive free process for the synthesis of benzyl chloride and α‐chloro alkyl arenes is reported. The proposed methodology can be carried out by the use of sunlight. The yield and conversion of the obtained benzyl chlorides are very high.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Au Embedded ZnO Nanorods Composite Heterostructures with Excellent Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Haldar Krishna Kanta , Biswas Rathindranath , Tanwar Swati , Sen Tapasi , Lahtinen Jouko
Published: July 2018

Here, we have designed a noble composite nanostructure by embedding gold (Au) nanoparticles into zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods surface in one pot synthesis as a photocatalyst. The formation the composite nanostructure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations. Microscopic studies suggest that spherical Au nanoparticles are nucleated on the ZnO nanorods surface. XPS shows shifting of peak positions towards higher binding energy which indicates charge transfer from ZnO to Au in the composite nanostructures. This is unambiguously confirmed by the steady state spectroscopic studies. It was found that 95.7% (1.8 × 10−5 mM) of Methylene blue dye is degraded by the composite nanostructure after 140 min under UV light illumination and the apparent rate constant was found to be 0.015 min−1. This new class of Au nanoparticles embedded ZnO nanorods composite nanostructure opens up new possibilities in photocatalytic, solar energy conversion, photovoltaic, and other new emerging applications.
Surface‐Engineered Hollow Polymer Spheres for Efficient Enrichment and Photodegradation of Aqueous Organic Wastes
Authors: Wang Yaru , Fan Jie , Lin Shiting , Liu Chang , Yang Shun
Published: July 2018

To conquer the low light utilization efficiency of traditional photocatalysts‐polymer composites with core‐shell structure, and boost the adsorption efficiency of functional polymer in the composites. Photocatalysts surface‐engineered hollow polymer spheres are successfully synthesized by a Pickering emulsion polymerization method for removal of organic pollutants from water. Batch experiments (phenol as a model molecular, BiOI0.5Cl0.5 as a model photocatalysts) showed that the removal efficiency of photocatalysts surface‐engineered hollow polymer spheres was higher than that of solid polymer spheres. The significant increase in removal efficiency suggests that photocatalysts surface‐engineered hollow polymer spheres might serve as powerful agents in treating organics‐polluted water.
Opportunities of Ionic Liquids for Lignin Utilization from Biorefinery
Authors: Zhu Xinyun , Peng Chang , Chen Huaxin , Chen Qin , Zhao Zongbao Kent , Zheng Qiang , Xie Haibo
Published: July 2018

The development of economically viable biorefineries for the transformation of lignocellulose into sustainable biofuels, chemicals and materials requires effective valorization of lignin. The high solubility of lignocelluloses and lignin in ionic liquids has created new probabilities, which renders the essential significance of understanding the cell structure of biomass, isolation of lignin from biomass (IL‐lignin), elucidation of the chemical structure of wood and lignin, and valorization of IL‐lignin. In this review, we first give an overview of lignin chemistry, and then describe the current development of structural elucidation of lignin with IL‐mediations, extraction fractionation and its catalytic conversion. This review also highlight the relationship between the research challenges, lignin utilization and the properties of ILs, on which a brief conclusion and perspectives are drawn.
CuNiFe a Magnetic Nano‐Catalyst: an Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Synthesis of Benzoxazoles
Authors: Chaurasia Shivkumar R. , Bhanage B. M.
Published: July 2018

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of benzoxazoles from o‐nitrophenols and benzyl alcohols using CuNiFe as a magnetic nano‐catalyst via hydrogenation transfer has been described. The CuNiFe magnetic nano‐catalyst was prepared by an operationally simple method, without the use of any toxic reagents. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, FEG‐SEM, EDAX, TEM, and FT‐IR techniques. No additional additives such as oxidants and reductants were required for this reaction. CuNiFe magnetic nano‐catalyst showed good air stability and could be recycled up to six times without any significant loss in its catalytic activity.
Design of Shape‐Palladium Nanoparticles Anchored on Titanium(IV) Metal‐Organic Framework: Highly Active Catalysts for Reduction of p‐Nitrophenol in Water
Authors: Augustyniak Adam W. , Sadakiyo Masaaki , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Trzeciak Anna M.
Published: July 2018

The three‐dimensional microporous Ti‐based MOF material MIL‐125‐NH2 (MIL: Material of Institut Lavoisier) was successfully used as a support for palladium nanoparticles designed as catalysts for p‐nitrophenol hydrogenation. According to the mild and green synthetic approach, two catalysts of different nanoparticle morphology and different catalytic activity were obtained. Enhanced catalytic activity was found for a catalyst prepared using KBr as a capping agent, while Pd NPs of undefined shape synthesized without KBr were less active.
Controllable Colloidal Synthesis of Tin(II) Chalcogenide Nanocrystals and Their Solution‐Processed Flexible Thermoelectric Thin Films
Authors: Yin Deqiang , Dun Chaochao , Gao Xiang , Liu Yang , Zhang Xian , Carroll David L. , Swihart Mark T.
Published: July 2018

A systematic colloidal synthesis approach to prepare tin(II, IV) chalcogenide nanocrystals with controllable valence and morphology is reported, and the preparation of solution‐processed nanostructured thermoelectric thin films from them is then demonstrated. Triangular SnS nanoplates with a recently‐reported π‐cubic structure, SnSe with various shapes (nanostars and both rectangular and hexagonal nanoplates), SnTe nanorods, and previously reported Sn(IV) chalcogenides, are obtained using different combinations of solvents and ligands with an Sn4+ precursor. These unique nanostructures and the lattice defects associated with their Sn‐rich composition allow the production of flexible thin films with competitive thermoelectric performance, exhibiting room temperature Seebeck coefficients of 115, 81, and 153 μV K−1 for SnS, SnSe, and SnTe films, respectively. Interestingly, a p‐type to n‐type transition is observed in SnS and SnSe due to partial anion loss during post‐synthesis annealing at 500 °C. A maximum figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.183 is achieved for an SnTe thin film at 500 K, exceeding ZT values from previous reports on SnTe at this temperature. Thus, a general strategy to prepare tin(II) chalcogenide nanocrystals is provided, and their potential for use in high‐performance flexible thin film thermoelectric generators is demonstrated.
Design of synthetic single reference standards for the simultaneous determination of sesamin, sesamolin, episesamin, and sesamol by HPLC using relative molar sensitivity
Authors: Takahashi Miki , Nishizaki Yuzo , Morimoto Koji , Sugimoto Naoki , Sato Kyoko , Inoue Koichi
Published: July 2018

A single reference standard can be used as an internal standard for both quantitative proton NMR spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography to estimate the relative molar sensitivity for a simultaneous determination of multiple analytes. However, we find it difficult to choose a candidate single reference standard from currently existing compounds. The present work aims to design and synthesize idealized single reference standards for the simultaneous determination of sesamin, sesamolin, episesamin and sesamol by high‐performance liquid chromatography using relative molar sensitivity. These analytes all contain a 1,3‐benzodioxole derivative that has an absorption wavelength near 290 nm. Using this core structure, piperoanol and synthetic methyl, butyl and hexyl sesamol derivatives were evaluated by quantitative proton NMR spectroscopy. The purities of these candidate single reference standards were higher than 97.0%. The relative molar sensitivity of the analyte was calculated from slope ratios of the calibration curves (three ranges from 0 to 100 mM, r2 = 0.999). The averaged relative molar sensitivity values of the analytes and other single reference standards ranged from 0.73 ± 0.01 to 2.26 ± 0.01. Using these relative molar sensitivity values, the concentrations of sesamin, sesamolin, episesamin and sesamol in sesame oil, health foods, and food additives could be evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography within the expanded uncertainty. This approach for the design of single reference standards based on structural information can be applied for the simultaneous determination of similar chemical compositions where native standards do not yet exist.
Synthesis of Dodecaallylhexasilacyclohexane and Its Convertibility
Authors: Omatsu Yamato , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: July 2018

Dodecaallylhexasilacyclohexane 4, which would be a stable precursor for a variety of hexasilacyclohexane derivatives, was synthesized by the reaction of [pedeta·SiH2Cl]2[Si6Cl12·2Cl] (1) with allylmagnesium bromide. In addition, an effective synthetic route of dodecachlorohexasilacyclohexane 3 from trichlorosilane was found. Deallylmethoxylation of 4 with catalytic amount of iodine and methanol yielded dodecamethoxyhexasilacyclohexane 5 almost quantitatively, but was found to be highly sensitive toward water. Herein, we report the first spectroscopical and structural data of 5.
Gauged Peccei-Quinn symmetry — A case of simultaneous breaking of SUSY and PQ symmetry
Authors: Fukuda Hajime , Ibe Masahiro , Suzuki Motoo , Yanagida Tsutomu T.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Recently, a simple prescription to embed the global Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry into a gauged U(1) symmetry has been proposed. There, explicit breaking of the global PQ symmetry expected in quantum gravity are highly suppressed due to the gauged PQ symmetry. In this paper, we apply the gauged PQ mechanism to models where the global PQ symmetry and supersymmetry (SUSY) are simultaneously broken at around

$$ \mathcal{O}\left(1{0}^{11-12}\right) $$

O

1

0

11
−
12

GeV. Such scenario is motivated by an intriguing coincidence between the supersymmetry breaking scale which explains the observed Higgs boson mass by the gravity mediated sfermion masses, and the PQ breaking scale which evades all the astrophysical and the cosmological constraints. As a concrete example, we construct a model which consists of a simultaneous supersymmetry/PQ symmetry breaking sector based on SU(2) dynamics and an additional PQ symmetry breaking sector based on SU(N) dynamics. We also show that new vector-like particles are predicted in the TeV range in the minimum model, which can be tested by the LHC experiments.
Character integral representation of zeta function in AdSd+1. Part II. Application to partially-massless higher-spin gravities
Authors: Basile Thomas , Joung Euihun , Lal Shailesh , Li Wenliang
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We compute the one-loop free energies of the type-Aℓ and type-Bℓ higher-spin gravities in (d + 1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS
d+1) spacetime. For large d and ℓ, these theories have a complicated field content, and hence it is difficult to compute their zeta functions using the usual methods. Applying the character integral representation of zeta function developed in the companion paper [arXiv:1805.05646] to these theories, we show how the computation of their zeta function can be shortened considerably. We find that the results previously obtained for the massless theories (ℓ = 1) generalize to their partially-massless counterparts (arbitrary ℓ) in arbitrary dimensions.
Lorentz covariant form of extended higher-spin equations
Authors: Didenko V. E. , Misuna N. G. , Vasiliev M. A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The extension of nonlinear higher-spin equations in d = 4 proposed in [30] for the construction of invariant functional is shown to respect local Lorentz symmetry. The equations are rewritten in a manifestly Lorentz covariant form resulting from some Stueckelberg-like field transformation. We also show that the two field-independent central terms entering higher-spin equations which are not entirely fixed by the consistency alone get fixed unambiguously by the requirement of Lorentz symmetry. One of the important advantages of the proposed approach demonstrated in the paper is the remarkable simplification of the perturbative analysis.
Correction to: Manifesting heterozygotes in McArdle disease: a myth or a reality‐role of statins
Authors: Núñez‐Manchón Judit , Ballester‐Lopez Alfonsina , Koehorst Emma , Linares‐Pardo Ian , Coenen Daniëlle , Ara Ignacio , Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Ramos‐Fransi Alba , Martínez‐Piñeiro Alicia , Lucente Giuseppe , Almendrote Miriam , Coll‐Cantí Jaume , Pintos‐Morell Guillem , Santos‐Lozano Alejandro , Arenas Joaquin , Martín Miguel Angel , de Castro Mauricio , Lucia Alejandro , Santalla Alfredo , Nogales‐Gadea Gisela
Published: July 2018

Unfortunately the name of one of the authors was spelled incorrectly in the published original article. The correct name is Alejandro Santos‐Lozano. The original article got updated.
Maternal Stress and the Functions of Positivity in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jess Mikeda , Totsika Vasiliki , Hastings Richard P
Published: July 2018

Although mothers raising children with Intellectual Disability (ID) report poorer mental health than parents raising typically developing children, they also report feelings of positivity; both generally and specific to their child. To date little is known about the function of maternal positivity thus, we explored the putative compensatory and protective functions of maternal positivity, within both a cross-sectional and one-year longitudinal framework that examined the relationship between children’s behaviour and mental health problems with maternal mental health problems. Participants included 135 mothers of children with severe ID who were between 3 and 18 years of age. Multiple linear regression models investigated the potential function of maternal positivity. At a cross-sectional level, maternal positivity was found to be a significant independent predictor of maternal stress and moderated the impact of child behaviour problems on maternal parenting stress. Longitudinally, maternal positivity did not have a direct effect on later parenting stress nor function as a moderator. Findings from our cross-sectional analysis are consistent with the view that positivity serves a compensatory function. Further exploration is needed to understand the longitudinal function of maternal positivity.
Lower Palar River Sediments, Southern Peninsular, India: Geochemistry, Source-Area Weathering, Provenance and Tectonic Setting
Authors: Resmi M. R. , Achyuthan Hema
Published: July 2018

This present study describes the geochemistry of fluvial sediments of the Palar river (lower reaches), Southern Peninsular India, with an aim to evaluate their provenance, weathering and tectonic setting. The bulk sediment chemistry is influenced by grain size. The river sediments are enriched with SiO2 and depleted in Al2O3, K2O, CaO, Na2O, MgO, P2O5, MnO, Fe2O3 as compared with UCC values. Geochemical classification indicate that the sediments are mainly arkose, wacke and shale in composition. Discriminant diagrams together with immobile element ratio plots reveal that, the Palar river sediments are mostly derived from rocks formed in an active continental margin. Additionally, the rare earth element ratios as well as chondrite-normalized REE patterns with flat HREE, LREE enrichment, and negative Eu anomalies indicate felsic rock sources. The chemical indices of alteration suggest that Palar river sediments are chemically immature and have experienced low chemical weathering effects. This is further supported by the Th/U Rb/Sr ratio and A-CN-K ternary diagram, with most of the sample data points falling close to the plagioclase-smectite line. The bivariate plot of Th/Sc versus Zr/Sc suggest a moderate recycled origin of the sediments.
Formation Environment of Main Brown Coal Seam in Xi-2 Minefield of Shengli Coalfield Based on Coal Ash Phase Analysis
Authors: Wang Boyang , Qin Yong , Shen Jian , Wang Gang , Li Jiuqing
Published: July 2018

The formation environment of the main coal seam in Shengli coal mine is analyzed, and the effect of coal ash parameters on the coal-forming environment is mainly discussed according to gray component parameters combined with other coal quality test analysis data. Results show that the hydrodynamic conditions of the main coal during coal accumulation have a general pattern of strong northeast and weak southwest, and lakeside swamp is generally in the retrograde process from south to north. The No.5 coal seam is a water entry cycle, and the No.5lower coal is a water withdrawal cycle. The No.6 thick coal seam is formed in the peat swamp environment where the water is shallow and the groundwater activity is weak. The input of terrestrial debris material was most abundant in the formation period of No.5lower coal, followed by No.5 coal, and that in No.6 coal is the least. Vertically, the peat swamp environment changed from weak reduction to weak oxidation to strong reducing environment. The ash yield was low to high to low from bottom to top. The organic sulfur is the main type of sulfur in the main coal seam. The weaker the hydrodynamic condition, the higher the organic sulfur content in the reduction environment, while lower organic sulfur content in the oxidation environment. The peat swamp water of No.5lower coal is medium alkaline, and the peat swamp water of No.5 and No. 6 coals is weakly alkaline or acidic.
Relationship-specific investment and hold-up problems in supply chains: theory and experiments
Authors: Haruvy Ernan , Katok Elena , Ma Zhongwen , Sethi Suresh
Published: July 2018

Supply chains today routinely use third parties for many strategic activities, such as manufacturing, R&D, or software development. These activities often include relationship-specific investment on the part of the vendor, while final outcomes can be uncertain. Therefore, writing complete contracts for such arrangements is often not feasible, but incomplete contracts, especially when relationship-specific investment is required, may leave the supplier vulnerable to a version of the “hold-up problem,” which is known to result in sub-optimal levels of investment. We model the phenomenon as a sequential move game with asymmetric information. Absent behavioral considerations, the unique Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium implies zero investment. However, with social preferences, the hold-up problem may be mitigated. We propose a model that incorporates social preferences and random errors, and solve for the equilibrium. In addition, we look at reputation and find it to be effective for increasing investment. We conduct laboratory experiments with human subjects and find that a model with social preferences and random errors organizes our data well.
Difference of two norms-regularizations forQ-Lasso
Authors: Moudafi Abdellatif
Published: July 2018

The focus of this paper is inQ-Lasso introduced in Alghamdi et al. (2013) which extended the Lasso by Tibshirani (1996). The closed convex subsetQbelonging in a Euclideanm-space, form∈IN, is the set of errors when linear measurements are taken to recover a signal/image via the Lasso. Based on a recent work by Wang (2013), we are interested in two new penalty methods forQ-Lasso relying on two types of difference of convex functions (DC for short) programming where the DC objective functions are the difference ofl1andlσqnorms and the difference ofl1andlrnorms withr>1. By means of a generalizedq-term shrinkage operator upon the special structure oflσqnorm, we design a proximal gradient algorithm for handling the DCl1−lσqmodel. Then, based on the majorization scheme, we develop a majorized penalty algorithm for the DCl1−lrmodel. The convergence results of our new algorithms are presented as well. We would like to emphasize that extensive simulation results in the caseQ={b}show that these two new algorithms offer improved signal recovery performance and require reduced computational effort relative to state-of-the-artl1andlp(p∈(0,1)) models, see Wang (2013). We also devise two DC Algorithms on the spirit of a paper where exact DC representation of the cardinality constraint is investigated and which also used the largest-qnorm oflσqand presented numerical results that show the efficiency of our DC Algorithm in comparison with other methods using other penalty terms in the context of quadratic programing, see Jun-ya et al. (2017).
Putting authentication in the palm of your hand
Authors: Bengs Thomas
Published: July 2018

In a ubiquitous network society, individuals can easily access their information anytime and anywhere. The problem – and risk – is that others can also easily access the same information anytime, anywhere. For this reason personal identification technology, which can distinguish between registered legitimate users and imposters, has been generating increasing levels of interest.
PRÁCTICAS ALFARERAS PREHISPÁNICAS Y PROCESOS DE INTERACCIÓN SOCIAL EN EL CENTRO-ESTE DE ARGENTINA DURANTE EL HOLOCENO TARDÍO
Authors: Di Prado Violeta
Published: July 2018

Con el propósito de conocer la variabilidad en la producción de alfarería en el centro-este de Argentina, se estudiaron conjuntos procedentes de 14 sitios arqueológicos ubicados temporalmente en el Holoceno tardío (ca. 3000–250 años aP). Se registraron prácticas de elaboración compartidas a escala macrorregional, relacionadas con la preparación de las pastas cerámicas (agregado de tiesto molido) y la decoración (aplicación de variantes del inciso para plasmar elementos de diseño similares). El tiesto molido no siempre es observable a simple vista en las vasijas, por lo que su contexto de transmisión entre comunidades involucraría la presencia de los ceramistas durante el proceso de manufactura. Por su parte, las representaciones decorativas poseen gran visibilidad y pueden ser copiadas o tomadas prestadas entre comunidades en situaciones de contacto más superficiales y ocasionales, sin que esto implique necesariamente el movimiento de alfareros. En el marco de amplias redes de interacción social circularon modos de decorar, ceramistas con sus modos de preparar las pastas y, excepcionalmente, vasijas. En este escenario, ciertos elementos de diseño reconocidos en la alfarería de la macrorregión abordada habrían funcionado como diacríticos de interacción social, es decir, como un medio para reforzar relaciones de intercambio entre diferentes grupos.
Public interest litigation and the civil society factor
Authors: Samuels Harriet
Published: July 2018

This article explores civil society organisations’ (CSOs) participation in judicial review proceedings. This became contentious when the Ministry of Justice announced that it intended to reform the judicial review process, and suggested changes to the law on standing and third-party interventions. Ultimately, the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 did not amend the law in these areas, but has arguably made it more difficult for CSOs to engage in public interest litigation. Attempts to restrict the access of CSOs to judicial review need to be seen in the context of the shifting relationship between CSOs and the state, and differing perspectives on their function. If CSOs are to continue to take part in judicial review cases they need to justify their presence in terms of their expertise and on the ground knowledge. It is argued that deliberative, dignitarian and more general theories about the nature of civil society may well establish a basis for CSOs’ continued presence in judicial review litigation.
BABY STEPS FOR OCTAVIAN: 44 B.C.?
Authors: Wardle D.
Published: July 2018

Historians of antiquity are trained to be suspicious of accounts that may retroject onto the early years of figures, who were later dominant, positive traits that plausibly were exhibited only later, in essence the creation of a mythology. In the case of the Emperor Augustus, who exercised a firm control on the Roman world for over forty years after the defeat of his rival M. Antonius and introduced a new form of government, the probability that the years of his ascent to supreme power were subjected to careful recasting is very high. Here I examine an argument that was presented in 2004 on the very beginning of Octavian's public life, which, if correct, reveals a stuttering start by a young man inexperienced in the realities of Roman politics at a tumultuous moment in Roman history.
SCIPIO AEMILIANUS AND GREEK ETHICS
Authors: Barlow Jonathan
Published: July 2018

Philosophical influences in the personality and public life of Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, consul in 147 and 134b.c., were once emphasized in scholarship. In 1892, Schmekel demonstrated the reception of Stoic philosophy in the second half of the second centuryb.c.among the philhellenic members of the governing elite in general, and statesmen like Scipio Aemilianus in particular, in what he called the ‘Roman Enlightenment’. In the 1920s and 1930s, Kaerst showed influences of Stoic philosophy on Scipio, contemporary politics and the Principate to come, while Capelle and Pohlenz identified Stoic ideas in Scipio's foreign and domestic policies. Together they formed a body of scholarship which held that Scipio possessed a serious interest in philosophy which defined his character and informed his public life. In the 1960s, the challenge to this scholarship was led by Strasburger in two articles, and by Astin in his 1967 biography. Both scholars downplayed and devalued philosophical influences on Scipio and denied him the pursuit of the Greek virtuous life. They placed him within the traditions of the Roman elite, ambitious for glory and results-driven, and they have successfully formed influential views to this end, despite the critique made by Erskine. Astin remained the authoritative study of Scipio and there was much in hisRealpolitikthat scholarship found compelling, even when it allowed Scipio an attachment to Greek culture. For example, Gruen, Elvers and Badian acknowledged Scipio's interest in Greek culture and philosophy, in combination with the practices and goals of a traditional Roman aristocrat, but they placed their accent on the latter by affirming that Greek learning did not change the current of a traditional aristocratic life. The contention of this article is that the pre-Strasburger/Astin interpretation of Scipio, despite its shortcomings, was indeed correct to detect a deep current of philosophical influences on Scipio. The article argues that the evidence demonstrates that in education, character and public life Scipio was informed by the Greek moral and political tradition; that Scipio had claimed to possess the cardinal virtues, derived ultimately from Plato; and that he had acted under a moral imperative of power formulated by the Stoic philosopher Panaetius; the conclusion will address the ethical intention of Scipio.
Trends in the use of care among people aged 65–85 with cognitive impairment in the Netherlands
Authors: Aaltonen Mari , Raitanen Jani , Comijs Hannie , Broese van Groenou Marjolein
Published: July 2018

Observation of long-term trends within countries is needed to increase insight into how policy initiatives are reflected in the use of care over time in addition to individual determinants of care use. In the past decades, Dutch care policies have favoured homecare and reduced the availability of institutional care which extended the care responsibilities of formal and informal care-givers at home. This study investigates the changes in the use of informal and formal homecare, community services and residential care among cognitively impaired older adults over time in the Netherlands. In addition, of special interest here are the associations of the presence of a spouse, other family members or social network with care use, and the interdependency between the use of different types of care. The study employs the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) covering the years 1992–2012, analysed with generalised estimating equations. The data consisted of 1,022 observations gathered from 813 respondents aged 65–85. The respondents were cognitively impaired according to the age- and education-standardised Mini-Mental State Examination score. The analyses took into account several individual determinants of care use. The use of informal care and residential care decreased while the use of formal homecare and community services remained the same. Simultaneously, the proportion of those who did not use the studied care types increased. The contribution of partners in informal care decreased. Informal care and formal homecare use increasingly became complementary services. The findings suggest that the decreases in informal care and residential care have not been replaced by other types of care, as reflected in the increased number of persons receiving no care. Care policies should not rely excessively on the availability of informal help and should guarantee adequate formal help, especially for those in high need.
Dosimetric feasibility of an anthropomorphic three-dimensional PRESAGE® dosimeter for verification of single entry hybrid catheter accelerated partial breast brachytherapy
Authors: Iqbal Khalid , Ibbott Geoffrey S. , Lafratta Ryan G. , Gifford Kent A. , Akram Muhammad , Buzdar Saeed A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To determine the feasibility of an anthropomorphic breast polyurethane-based three-dimensional (3D) dosimeter with cavity to measure dose distributions and skin dose for a commercial strut-based applicator strut-adjusted volume implant (SAVI™) 6–1.

Materials and methods

An anthropomorphic breast 3D dosimeter was created with a cavity to accommodate the SAVI™ strut-based device. 2 Gy was prescribed to the breast dosimeter having D95 to planning target volume evaluation (PTV_EVAL) while limiting 125% of the prescribed dose to the skin. Independent dose distribution verification was performed with GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film. The dose distribution from the 3D dosimeter was compared to the distributions from commercial brachytherapy treatment planning system (TPS) and film. Point skin doses, line profiles and dose–volume histogram (DVHs) for the skin and PTV_EVAL were compared.

Results

The maximum difference in skin dose for TPS and the 3D dosimeter was 4% whereas 41% between the TPS and EBT2 film. The maximum dose difference for line profiles between TPS, 3D dosimeter, and film was 4·1%. DVHs of skin and PTV_EVAL for TPS and 3D dosimeter differed by a maximum of 4% at 5 mm depth and skin differed by a maximum 1·5% between TPS and 3D dosimeter. The criterion for gamma analysis comparison was 92·5% at ±5%±3 mm criterion. The TPS demonstrated at least ±5% comparability in predicting dose to the skin, PTV_EVAL and normal breast tissue.

Conclusions

3D anthropomorphic polyurethane dosimeter with cavity gives comparable results to the TPS dose predictions and GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film results in the context of HDR brachytherapy.
Gene–Environment Correlations Affecting Children's Early Rule-Breaking and Aggressive Play Behaviors
Authors: DiLalla Lisabeth F. , DiLalla David L.
Published: July 2018

Play among peers is an important developmental context for child socialization. We have earlier shown that children at genetic risk for aggression were more likely to be treated aggressively by unfamiliar peers during peer play, reflecting genotype-evoked behaviors manifested during play. In this study, 118 5-year-old twin pairs were paired randomly with an unfamiliar, same-age, same-sex child, thus controlling for parent- and child-chosen environments (passive and active rGE). Twins played separately from each other with unmatched children. Play behaviors were coded for aggressive and assertive behaviors. Children were also independently rated by parents for rule-breaking problem behaviors at age 5, and 97 children were rated again on these behaviors 2–10 years later. Analyses showed that children at genetic risk for early rule-breaking were more likely to have partners who behaved more aggressively, suggesting that this was evoked behavior during play. Some evidence of an ‘early bloomer’ phenomenon emerged via early difficult temperament and parent-rated delinquency significantly predicting later delinquency. Children's play, which is one of the most important influences on early development, requires further study from an rGE perspective.
Twins Reared Apart and Twins in Families: The Findings Behind the Fascination
Authors: Segal Nancy L. , Montoya Yesika S. , Becker Erika N.
Published: July 2018

Dr. Irving I. Gottesman was very creative in applying twin research designs to test hypotheses and predictions about human behavior. Two designs stand out among others: twins reared apart from birth and the twin-family study. I (NS) was inspired to incorporate both of these approaches into my own research programs at California State University, Fullerton. Gottesman's involvement and contributions to reared-apart twin research are described, followed by selected findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA), the Fullerton Study of Chinese Twins Reared Apart (CTA), a case report on separated monozygotic (MZ) female twins from South Korea, and doubly exchanged MZ male twin pairs from Colombia, South America. Recent findings from an ongoing twin-family study of social closeness, and future directions, are also presented.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability in the Geotail Low‐Latitude Boundary Layer
Authors: Leonovich A. S. , Kozlov D. A.
Published: July 2018

The low‐latitude boundary layer stability problem in the geotail is solved numerically. This study relies on a cylindrical model of the geotail, with a smooth boundary, enwrapped by a helical solar wind flow. It is shown that three types of unstable magnetohydrodynamic waves exist in this plasma system: (1) surface waves at the magnetopause, (2) waves radiated into the solar wind, and (3) eigenmodes of the waveguide within the geotail. Unstable surface waves generated in the low‐ to medium‐speed solar wind have the largest growth rate. They are driven in the Pc3–Pc6 geomagnetic pulsation range and have a local maximum at Pc4 frequencies. In the cylindrical model in question the minimum transverse wavelengths of the unstable oscillations are much less than the shear layer thickness. This differentiates it from models with Cartesian geometry, where the minimum transverse wavelengths of unstable oscillations are larger than the boundary layer thickness. In high‐speed solar wind flows the magnetopause is stable to surface waves but unstable to radiative modes. The growth rate of such oscillations is an order of magnitude smaller than that for surface waves generated in the low‐ to medium‐speed solar wind. If the helicity of high‐speed solar wind flows enwrapping the magnetosphere is small, the oscillations are unstable in the Pc4–Pc6 geomagnetic pulsation range, with their maximum growth rate being in the Pc5 range. If the helicity of high‐speed solar wind flow enwrapping the magnetosphere is large enough, the oscillations are unstable throughout the Pc1–Pc6 geomagnetic pulsation range.
Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests
Authors: Reisen F. , Meyer C. P. , Weston C. J. , Volkova L.
Published: July 2018

In fire‐prone areas such as southern Australia and parts of the United States, prescribed burning is a common fire management tool to reduce fuel load for wildfire suppression purposes. The burns are typically undertaken during calm and stable conditions when the burn extent and duration can be carefully controlled. This often coincides with poor atmospheric ventilation, leading to a buildup of smoke, which can impact air quality and human health. The low intensity of these burns also means that the plume is less buoyant and the main impact on local populations is due to emissions during the slow and prolonged smoldering combustion of heavy fuels. This study presents emission measurements of PM2.5 at prescribed burns in eucalypt forests of southern Australia using a smoke collection method suitable for both flaming combustion of fine fuels and residual smoldering combustion of heavy fuels and logs. The median PM2.5 emission factors (EFs) measured were 16.9‐g/kg fuel during flaming combustion and 38.8‐g/kg fuel during smoldering combustion. The correlation between PM2.5 EFs and modified combustion efficiency highlights two distinct trends at low modified combustion efficiency, attributed to the distinct combustion processes of glowing char combustion and pyrolysis. Hence, two distinct relationships were developed that best fitted the measurements and that can be used to extrapolate measured EFs to a wider range of fuel and burning conditions. The results from this study addressed a gap in our knowledge of particle emissions during burns in eucalypt forests under different burning conditions and help to better forecast and manage air quality impacts from prescribed burns on nearby communities.