bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Sporting Situation and Emotional Intelligence Levels of Different Occupation Groups
Authors: Sarıkabak Murat
Published: June 2019

The contribution of the physiologic and cognitive processes is important for increasing the quality of the education and occupational productivity. The new researches done indicate that exercising frequency and emotional intelligence level have precious contributions on the occupational performances of the individuals. The purpose of this research was determined as evaluating the sporting situation and emotional intelligence levels of adults in different occupational groups. 586 individuals participated in the research, who works in various professions in Bartın Province. The information on the participant group and the other variables of the research was analyzed via descriptive statistic techniques. For evaluating the data, SPSS 21.0 package software was used and for analyzing the data, descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) techniques were used. As a result of the data obtained, no significant difference was encountered in the emotional intelligence sub-dimensions and total scores depending on the sporting situation of the participants (p > 0.05). As a result of the analyses done for the gender variable, significant differences were obtained on behalf of the women and it was seen that emotional intelligence total scores of the female workers are higher compared with the male workers (p < 0.05). For the finding where the relations between age variable and emotional intelligence was evaluated, it was seen that there is a significant decrease in the emotional intelligence level with the increase in age (p < 0.05). This decrease was tried to be explained with occupational exhaustion. At the same time, the finding was arrived that the total emotional intelligence scores of the participants who work as teacher, compared with the other professions, is higher with a significant level compared with the other profession groups (p < 0.05). The findings of the research were discussed in the light of the literature and recommendations were offered for contributing to the new researches to be made.
Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of a Solar Parabolic Dish Assisted Multigeneration System
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sajid , Hussain Ratlamwala Tahir Abdul
Published: June 2019

The concentration ratio of the parabolic dish solar collector (PDSC) is considered to be one of the highest among the concentrated solar power technologies (CSPs); therefore, such system is capable of generating more heat rate. The present paper focuses on the integration of the PDSC with the combined cycle (gas cycle as the toping cycle and steam cycle as the bottoming cycle) along with the utilization of waste heat from the power cycle to drive the single effect lithium bromide/water absorption cycle. Molten salt is used as a heat transfer fluid in the solar collector. The engineering equation solver (EES) is employed for the mathematical modeling and simulation of the solar integrated system. The various operating parameters (beam radiation, inlet and ambient temperatures of heat transfer fluid, mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid, evaporator temperature, and generator temperature) are varied to analyze their influence on the performance parameters (power output, overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies, outlet temperature of the receiver, and as coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiencies) of the integrated system. The results show that the overall energy and exergy efficiencies are observed to be 39.9% and 42.95% at ambient temperature of 27 °C and solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2. The outlet temperature of the receiver is noticed to decrease from 1008 K to 528 K for an increase in the mass flow rate from 0.01 to 0.05 kg/s. The efficiency rate of the power plant is 38%, whereas COP of single effect absorption system is 0.84, and it will decrease from 0.87 to 0.79. However, the evaporator load is decreased to approximately 9.7% by increasing the generator temperature from 47 °C to 107 °C.
Sesame seeds, by near-ambient pressure XPS
Authors: Roychowdhury Tuhin , Bahr Stephan , Dietrich Paul , Meyer Michael , Thißen Andreas , Linford Matthew R.
Published: June 2019

Near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., greater than ca. 2500 Pa. With NAP-XPS, XPS can probe moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. In this submission, we show NAP-XPS of sesame seeds, a food sample that could not be analyzed at moderate pressures by conventional approaches. Survey spectra from three separate seeds are shown. In addition to the expected C 1s and O 1s signals, seeds show calcium. The C 1s narrow scans from the three seeds are well fit by four components. The largest of these is attributed to carbon singly bonded to oxygen (C—O), which suggests carboydrates or cellulose in the material. A small N 1s peak is observed in all the survey spectra.
Song production by the North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica
Authors: Crance Jessica L. , Berchok Catherine L. , Wright Dana L. , Brewer Arial M. , Woodrich Daniel F.
Published: June 2019

This paper describes song production by the eastern North Pacific right whale (NPRW, Eubalaena japonica) in the southeastern Bering Sea. Songs were localized in real-time to individuals using sonobuoys. Singers whose sex could be determined were all males. Autonomous recorder data from 17 year-long deployments were analyzed to document and characterize song types. Four distinct song types were documented over eight years (2009–2017) at five distinct locations. Each song type consists of a hierarchical structure of 1–3 different repeating phrases comprised predominantly of gunshot sounds; three of the four songs contained additional sound types (downsweep, moan, and low-frequency pulsive call). Songs were detected annually (July–January); all song types remained consistent over eight years. Two different songs often occurred simultaneously, produced by different individuals; the same song was never detected simultaneously at the same location. The same song type was detected on the same day and time at two distant locations, indicating multiple individuals can produce the same song. These findings provide support that males produce song; it remains unknown if females also sing. NPRW is the first right whale species documented to produce song. Based on current knowledge about song in mysticetes, it is hypothesized that these songs are reproductive displays.
Echolocation signals of free-ranging pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the South China Sea
Authors: Gong Zining , Dong Lijun , Caruso Francesco , Lin Mingli , Liu Mingming , Dong Jianchen , Li Songhai
Published: June 2019

Echolocation signals of free-ranging pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the western Pacific Ocean have not been studied much. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of echolocation signals of S. attenuata in the northern South China Sea. A six-arm star array with 13 hydrophones was used and a total of 131 on-axis clicks were identified to analyze the acoustic features of the echolocation signals of dolphins. The mean center frequency was 89 ± 13 kHz, with mean peak-to-peak sound source levels of 190 ± 6 dB re: 1 μPa @ 1 m. The mean −3 dB bandwidth and root-mean-square bandwidth were 62 ± 15 kHz and 26 ± 3 kHz, respectively, with mean −10 dB duration of 18 ± 4 μs and root-mean-square duration of 6 ± 2 μs. The results showed that click parameters of S. attenuata in the northern South China Sea are different from those of clicks of the species in Hawaii waters. The differences in click parameters may be due to both behavioral context and/or environmental adaptation of S. attenuata in different habitats.
A parametric study of an acoustic black hole on a beam
Authors: Hook K. , Cheer J. , Daley S.
Published: June 2019

Acoustic black holes (ABHs) are geometric structural features that provide a potential lightweight damping solution for flexural vibrations. In this article, a parametric study of an ABH on a beam has been carried out to assess how practical design constraints affect its behaviour, thus providing detailed insight into design trade-offs. The reflection coefficient of the ABH has been calculated for each taper profile, parameterised via the tip-height, taper-length, and power-law, and it has been shown to exhibit spectral bands of low reflection. These bands have been related to the modes of the ABH cell and become more closely spaced in frequency as the ABH parameters are suitably varied. This suggests that ABH design should maximise the modal density to minimise the broadband reflection coefficient; however, the minimum level of reflection is also dependent on the power-law and tip-height. Consequently, broadband reflection values have been used to show that optimum power-law and tip-height settings exist that achieve a balance between maximum modal density and minimum level of reflection. Additionally, at discrete frequencies, in cases where tip-height and taper-length are practically constrained, the power law can be tuned to maximise performance. Finally, an experimental study is used to validate the results.
A Two-Component System That Modulates Cyclic di-GMP Metabolism Promotes Legionella pneumophila Differentiation and Viability in Low-Nutrient Conditions
Authors: Hughes Elisa D. , Byrne Brenda G. , Swanson Michele S.
Published: June 2019

Although an intracellular pathogen,
L. pneumophila
has developed mechanisms to ensure long-term survival in low-nutrient aqueous conditions. Eradication of
L. pneumophila
from contaminated water supplies has proven challenging, as outbreaks have been traced to previously remediated systems. Understanding the genetic determinants that support
L. pneumophila
persistence in low-nutrient environments can inform design and assessment of remediation strategies. Here we characterize a genetic locus that encodes a two-component signaling system (
lpg0278-lpg0277
) and a putative regulator protein (
lpg0279
) that modulates the production of the messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP. We show that this locus promotes both
L. pneumophila
cell differentiation and survival in nutrient-limiting conditions, thus advancing the understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to
L. pneumophila
environmental resilience.
Bifidobacterium dentium Fortifies the Intestinal Mucus Layer via Autophagy and Calcium Signaling Pathways
Authors: Engevik Melinda A. , Luk Berkley , Chang-Graham Alexandra L. , Hall Anne , Herrmann Beatrice , Ruan Wenly , Endres Bradley T. , Shi Zhongcheng , Garey Kevin W. , Hyser Joseph M. , Versalovic James
Published: June 2019

Microbe-host interactions in the intestine occur along the mucus-covered epithelium. In the gastrointestinal tract, mucus is composed of glycan-covered proteins, or mucins, which are secreted by goblet cells to form a protective gel-like structure above the epithelium. Low levels of mucin or alterations in mucin glycans are associated with inflammation and colitis in mice and humans. Although current literature links microbes to the modulation of goblet cells and mucins, the molecular pathways involved are not yet fully understood. Using a combination of gnotobiotic mice and mucus-secreting cell lines, we have identified a human-derived microbe,
Bifidobacterium dentium
, which adheres to intestinal mucus and secretes metabolites that upregulate the major mucin MUC2 and modulate goblet cell function. Unlike other
Bifidobacterium
species,
B. dentium
does not extensively degrade mucin glycans and cannot grow on mucin alone. This work points to the potential of using
B. dentium
and similar mucin-friendly microbes as therapeutic agents for intestinal disorders with disruptions in the mucus barrier.
Contributions of Candida albicans Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with Streptococcus gordonii
Authors: Montelongo-Jauregui Daniel , Saville Stephen P. , Lopez-Ribot Jose L.
Published: June 2019

Microbial communities have a great impact in health and disease.
C. albicans
interacts with multiple microorganisms in the oral cavity, frequently forming polymicrobial biofilms. We report on the synergistic interactions between
C. albicans
and the Gram-positive bacterium
S. gordonii
, for which we have examined the different contributions of adhesive interactions, filamentation, and the extracellular matrix to the formation of dual-species biofilms. Our results demonstrate that growth in the presence of the bacterium can restore the biofilm-forming ability of different
C. albicans
mutant strains with defects in adhesion and filamentation. The mixed-species biofilms also show high levels of resistance to antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics, and our results indicate that the fungal biofilm matrix protects bacterial cells within these mixed-species biofilms. Our observations add to a growing body of evidence indicating a high level of complexity in the reciprocal interactions and consortial behavior of fungal/bacterial biofilms.
Cicada Endosymbionts Have tRNAs That Are Correctly Processed Despite Having Genomes That Do Not Encode All of the tRNA Processing Machinery
Authors: Van Leuven James T. , Mao Meng , Xing Denghui D. , Bennett Gordon M. , McCutcheon John P.
Published: June 2019

The smallest bacterial genomes, in the range of about 0.1 to 0.5 million base pairs, are commonly found in the nutritional endosymbionts of insects. These tiny genomes are missing genes that encode proteins and RNAs required for the translation of mRNAs, one of the most highly conserved and important cellular processes. In this study, we found that the bacterial endosymbionts of cicadas have genomes which encode incomplete tRNA sets and lack genes required for tRNA processing. Nevertheless, we found that endosymbiont tRNAs are correctly processed at their 5′ and 3′ ends and, surprisingly, that mostly exist as tRNA halves. We hypothesize that the cicada host must supply its symbionts with these missing tRNA processing activities.
Successful pregnancy outcome after septum resection and use of amnion graft in patient with high transverse vaginal septum
Authors: Sohail Rubina , Malik Aisha , Ashraf Afroze , Kanwal Shahlla
Published: June 2019

A 20-year-old woman recently married presented to the outpatient department of the hospital, with primary amenorrhea and difficulty in having coitus. Her height was 155 cm, breast development was normal for age, and other secondary sexual characters seemed normal. On local examination, external genitalia was normal looking, and there was no vaginal discharge. She had a blind vagina of 2 cm length. The ultrasound showed a normal-sized uterus and ovaries seemingly normal. Hormonal profile comprising serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone were all within normal limits. Karyotyping was done, which showed a 46,XX pattern. The patient underwent vaginal surgery during which septum resection was done, and amnion grafting was performed to prevent stricture formation. The patient resumed successful coitus 3 months after surgery. There was no discomfort on coitus. She conceived 7 months later. Following this, the patient delivered a healthy baby boy through caesarean section at term.
Effects of community health worker interventions on socioeconomic inequities in maternal and newborn health in low-income and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Blanchard Andrea Katryn , Prost Audrey , Houweling Tanja A J
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Community health worker (CHW) interventions are promoted to improve maternal and newborn health in low-income and middle-income countries. We reviewed the evidence on their effectiveness in reducing socioeconomic inequities in maternal and newborn health outcomes, how they achieve these effects, and contextual processes that shape these effects.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies published between 1996 and 2017 in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases. We included studies examining the effects of CHW interventions in low-income and middle-income countries on maternal and newborn health outcomes across socioeconomic groups (wealth, occupation, education, class, caste or tribe and religion). We then conducted a narrative synthesis of evidence.

Results

We identified 1919 articles, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. CHWs facilitated four types of interventions: home visits, community-based groups, cash transfers or combinations of these. Four studies found that CHWs providing home visits or facilitating women’s groups had equitable coverage. Four others found that home visits and cash transfer interventions had inequitable coverage. Five studies reported equitable effects of CHW interventions on antenatal care, skilled birth attendance and/or essential newborn care. One study found that a CHW home visit intervention did not reduce wealth inequities in skilled birth attendance. A study of women’s groups reported greater reductions in neonatal mortality among lower compared with higher socioeconomic groups. Equity was most improved when CHWs had relevant support for assisting women to improve health practices and access health care within community contexts.

Conclusion

While current evidence remains limited, particularly for mortality, existing studies suggest that CHW interventions involving home visits, cash transfers, participatory women’s groups or multiple components can improve equity in maternal and newborn health. Future mixed-methods research should explore intervention strategies and contextual processes shaping such effects on equity to optimise these efforts.
Information and communication technology enabling partnership in person-centred diabetes management: building a theoretical framework from an inductive case study in The Netherlands
Authors: Wildevuur Sabine E , Simonse Lianne WL , Groenewegen Peter , Klink Ab
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to construct a theoretical framework for information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled partnership towards diabetes management.

Design

We conducted an inductive case study and held interviews on the development and use of an artificial pancreas (AP) system for diabetes management.

Setting

The study was carried out in the Netherlands with users of an AP system.

Participants

We interviewed six patients with type 1 diabetes, five healthcare professionals (two medical specialists and three diabetes nurses), and one policy advisor from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.

Results

We built a new theoretical framework for ICT-enabled person-centred diabetes management, covering the central themes of self-managing the disease, shared analysing of (medical) data and experiencing the partnership. We found that ICT yielded new activities of data sharing and a new role for data professionals in the provision of care as well as contributed to carefree living thanks to the semiautomated management enabled by the device. Our data suggested that to enable the partnership through ICT, organisational adjustments need to be made such as the development of new ICT services and a viable financial model to support these services.

Conclusion

The management of diabetes through ICT requires an adjustment of the partnership between persons with the chronic condition and the healthcare professional(s) in such a way that the potential for self-managing the condition by analysing the newly available (medical) data (from the AP system) together leads to an experience of partnership between patients and healthcare professionals.
Impact of the consumption tax rate increase on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Japan: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Onozuka Daisuke , Nishimura Kunihiro , Hagihara Akihito
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The Japanese government increased the consumption tax rate from 5% to 8% on 1 April 2014. The impact of this policy on the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate a potential association between the consumption tax rate increase and OHCA.

Design

An interrupted time series design.

Setting

National registry data for all cases of OHCA in Japan.

Participants

All OHCA cases of presumed cardiac origin in Japan between January 2005 and December 2016.

Primary outcome measure

We used a quasiexperimental design with interrupted time series analysis to investigate whether the consumption tax rate increase was associated with changes in OHCA trends after adjusting for baseline trends. The effective date of the consumption tax rate increase (1 April 2014) was used to split the OHCA data into categories of before and after the change.

Results

In total, 808 055 OHCAs of presumed cardiac origin were reported during the study period. Prior to the consumption tax rate increase, the mean monthly OHCA rate was 5.12 cases per 100 000 population (mean monthly count: 5483.45). After adjusting for underlying trends, there was a substantial step change in the incidence of OHCAs (relative risk (RR): 0.921; 95% CI 0.889 to 0.955).

Conclusions

The implementation of the consumption tax rate increase was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of OHCAs in Japan.
Comparing reporting of abortions in three nationally representative surveys: methodological and contextual influences
Authors: Scott Rachel H , Bajos Nathalie , Wellings Kaye , Slaymaker Emma
Published: June 2019

Background

Abortions are known to be underreported in surveys. Previous research has found a number of ways in which survey methodology may affect respondents’ willingness to disclose abortions. The social and political climate surrounding abortion may also create stigma affecting abortion reporting, and this may vary between countries and over time.

Methods

We estimate the extent of underreporting in three nationally representative population surveys by comparing survey rates with routine statistics, in order to explore the ways in which survey methodology and cultural context might influence reporting of abortion. Data are analysed from two National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, conducted in 2000 and 2010 (Natsal-2 and Natsal-3) in Britain, and the Fertility, Contraception and Sexual Dysfunction survey (FECOND) conducted in 2010 in France. The three surveys differ with regard to survey methodology and context.

Results

There was no strong evidence of underreporting in Natsal-2, which collected data on abortion using a direct question. There was evidence of underreporting in Natsal-3 and FECOND, both of which collected data on abortion through a pregnancy-history module. There was no evidence of a difference in the extent of underreporting between Natsal-3 and FECOND, which differed with regard to survey methodology (self-administered module in Natsal-3, telephone interview in FECOND) and country context.

Conclusion

A direct question may be more effective in eliciting reports of abortion than a pregnancy-history module.
Impaired oxygen uptake kinetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Hearon Jr Christopher M , Sarma Satyam , Dias Katrin A , Hieda Michinari , Levine Benjamin D
Published: June 2019

Objective

The time needed to increase oxygen utilisation to meet metabolic demand (V̇O2kinetics) is impaired in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and is an independent risk factor for HF mortality. It is not known if V̇O2kinetics are slowed in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We tested the hypothesis that V̇O2kinetics are slowed during submaximal exercise in HFpEF and that slower V̇O2kinetics are related to impaired peripheral oxygen extraction.

Methods

Eighteen HFpEF patients (68±7 years, 10 women) and 18 healthy controls (69±6 years, 10 women) completed submaximal and peak exercise testing. Cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing, Q̇c), ventilatory oxygen uptake (V̇O2, Douglas bags) and arterial-venous O2difference (a-vO2difference) derived from Q̇cand V̇O2were assessed during exercise. Breath-by-breath O2uptake was measured continuously throughout submaximal exercise, and V̇O2kinetics was quantified as mean response time (MRT).

Results

HFpEF patients had markedly slowed V̇O2kinetics during submaximal exercise (MRT: control: 40.1±14.2, HFpEF: 65.4±27.7 s; p<0.002), despite no relative impairment in submaximal cardiac output (Q̇c: control: 8.6±1.7, HFpEF: 9.7±2.2 L/min; p=0.79). When stratified by MRT, HFpEF with an MRT ≥60 s demonstrated elevated Q̇c, and impaired peripheral oxygen extraction that was apparent during submaximal exercise compared with HFpEF with a MRT <60 s (submaximal a-vO2difference: MRT <60 s: 9.7±2.1, MRT ≥60 s: 7.9±1.1 mL/100 mL; p=0.03).

Conclusion

HFpEF patients have slowed V̇O2kinetics that are related to impaired peripheral oxygen utilisation. MRT can identify HFpEF patients with peripheral limitations to submaximal exercise capacity and may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Increased risk of non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating syndromes in patients with preexisting septicaemia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chou Chung-Hsing , Lee Jiunn-Tay , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Lien Li-Ming , Yin Jiu-Haw , Lin Chun-Chieh , Tsai I-Ju , Sung Yueh-Feng , Yang Fu-Chi , Tsai Chia-Lin , Wang I-Kuan , Tseng Chun-Hung , Hsu Chung-Y
Published: June 2019

Background

Growing evidence shows links between septicaemia and non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating syndromes (NMSDS); nevertheless, epidemiological data are still very limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between septicaemia and NMSDS in a general population.

Methods

The study included 482 781 individuals diagnosed with septicaemia and 1 892 825 age/sex-matched non-septicaemia patients for the comparison. Data were drawn from a population-based nationwide National Health Insurance Research Database Taiwan, from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011. The two cohorts of patients with and without septicaemia were followed up for the occurrence of NMSDS. The Cox-proportional hazard regression model was performed to estimate adjusted HR after multivariate adjustment.

Results

Individuals with septicaemia had a 4.17-fold (95% CI 3.21 to 5.4, p < 0.001) higher risk to develop NMSDS compared with those without septicaemia. Patients aged <65 years had a greater NMSDS risk (<45 years: HR = 6.41, 95% CI 3.65 to 11.3, p < 0.001; 45–64 years: HR = 6.66, 95% CI 3.98 to 11.2, p < 0.001). Furthermore, females with septicaemia and individuals with higher severity of septicaemia were associated with increased risks of developing NMSDS.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that patients with septicaemia were likely to develop NMSDS. A possible contributing role of septicaemia in increasing the hazard of NMSDS is proposed, based on the outcome that individuals with higher severity of septicaemia carried elevated threat of encountering NMSDS.
Effect of IQOS introduction on cigarette sales: evidence of decline and replacement
Authors: Stoklosa Michal , Cahn Zachary , Liber Alex , Nargis Nigar , Drope Jeffrey
Published: June 2019

Background

Philip Morris International, one of the largest transnational cigarette manufacturers, has heavily invested in its new heated tobacco product, IQOS, marketing it aggressively as a less harmful alternative to cigarette smoking. The company’s assertions that the product replaces cigarettes in a market have never been independently tested. The objective of this study is to determine whether introduction of IQOS affected cigarette sales in a large economy.

Data and Methods

Using 2014 to 2018 monthly retailer panel data from Japan, we analyse whether different dates of IQOS introduction across Japan’s regions are reflected in the patterns of cigarette sales in those regions. A series of placebo models are estimated to test if events other than IQOS introduction could have better explained the observed trends in cigarette sales.

Results

Cigarette sales begin to substantially decline at the time of the introduction of IQOS in each of 11 Japanese regions (Chow tests p<0.001). IQOS introduction, which varied across regions, better predicted the timing of cigarette sales decline than any one time applied to all regions simultaneously (a national-level exogenous shock) and than nearly all possible rearrangements of the true IQOS introduction months among the regions (exact permutation test’s p value from 0.02 to 0.13, depending on the study approach).

Conclusions

The introduction of IQOS likely reduced cigarette sales in Japan. The net population health impact, however, cannot be assessed without resolving several key uncertainties related to the direct harms of IQOS and the precise patterns of both smoking and IQOS use.
Analyses of artificial morel soil bacterial community structure and mineral element contents in ascocarp and the cultivated soil
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Long Li , Hu Zongyue , Yu Xiaorui , Liu Qingya , Bao Jinku , Long Zhangfu
Published: June 2019

This study explored the differences among various artificial morel cultivations as well as the factors that influence these differences, including soil bacterial community structure, yield, and mineral element contents of ascocarp and the cultivated soil. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla in all the samples, including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroides, and Gemmatimonadetes, were found not only in morel soils (experimental group) but also in wheat soil (control group); the highest richness and diversity in the soil bacteria were observed during the primordial differentiation stage. The M6 group exhibited the highest yield (271.8 g/m2) and had an unexpectedly high proportion of Pseudomonas (25.30%) during the primordial differentiation stage, which was 1.77∼194.62 times more than the proportion of Pseudomonas in other samples. Pseudomonas may influence the growth of morel. The mineral element contents of the different soil groups and the ascocarp were determined by electrothermal digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results revealed that morel had high enrichment effects on phosphorus (P, bioconcentration factor = 16.83), potassium (K, 2.18), boron (B, 1.47), zinc (Zn, 1.36), copper (Cu, 1.15), and selenium (Se, 2.27). P levels were the highest followed by Se and K, and the mineral element contents in ascocarp were positively correlated with the soil element contents.
Measuring intrinsic significance of community structure
Authors: Xie Jiarong , Du Mingwei , Di Zengru , Zhu Huaiwei , Fan Ying , Hu Yanqing
Published: June 2019

The significance of communities is an important inherent property of the community structure. It measures the degree of reliability of the community structure identified by the algorithm. Real networks obtained from complex systems always contain error links. Moreover, most of the community detecting algorithms usually involve random factors. Thus evaluating the significance of community structure is very important. In this paper, using the matrix perturbation theory, we propose a normalized index to efficiently evaluate the significance of community structure without detecting communities. Furthermore, we find that the peaks of this index can be used to determine the optimal number of communities and identify hierarchical community structure, which are two challenging problems in many community detecting algorithms. Lastly, the index is applied to 16 typical real networks, and we find that significant community structures exist in many social networks and in the C. elegans neural network. Comparatively insignificant community structures are identified in protein-interaction networks and metabolic networks. Our method can be generalized to broad clustering problems in data mining.
Time-like line congruence in the dual Lorentzian 3-space 𝔻13
Authors: Abdel-Baky Rashad A.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we introduce a time-like line congruence which has the parameter ruled surfaces as principal ruled surfaces. Then we extend several well-known formulae of line congruence in the Euclidean 3-space to the Minkowski 3-space. Meanwhile, we report some geometric descriptions of these formulae. Finally, an example of application is introduced and described in detail.
Self-Adaptive Firefly Algorithm with Pole Zero Cancellation Method for Controlling SMIB Power System
Authors: Gharghory Sawsan Morkos , Ebrahim Azza Elsayed
Published: June 2019

The accurate analysis and controller design for high-order systems are important issues. In this paper, a design of controller is suggested to Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) System in which its order is reduced by the proposed self-adaptive Firefly Algorithm (FA). First, the dynamic adaption to the dominant parameters of the standard FA is proposed for overcoming its disadvantages and improving its ability in searching the global optimum solution with application to reduce the model order of SMIB. The parameters which are proposed to self-adaption are both of the light absorption based on the mean distance of fireflies’ positions and the step setting based on the fitness information to the status of preceding firefly and the current fireflies. Second, proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is suggested to be designed by pole zero cancellation method via the step response characteristics of the reduced-order SMIB to be applied to its high order. The efficiency of the proposed methods is tested on high-order SMIB to get its corresponding low order and to control it. The experimental results prove the efficacy of self-adaptive FA compared to the standard FA and the methods in the literature in terms of step response characteristics using error indices. The proposed methods assure the stability of the reduced order and the ability of the designed controller to handle both high and low-order model.
Deciphering background fractures from damage fractures in fault zones and their effect on reservoir properties in microporous carbonates (Urgonian limestones, SE France)
Authors: Aubert Irène , Lamarche J. , Leonide P.
Published: June 2019

Most carbonates have a dual porosity and permeability (matrix and fracture). As fractures are preferential conduits for fluid flows, fracture networks strongly impact reservoir hydraulic properties. Two fracture patterns can affect reservoirs: random background fractures in the host rock; and damage-zone-clustered fractures in fault zones. This study identifies the structural and diagenetic attributes of both fracture patterns and determined their respective impact on reservoir properties. The study focuses on the eastern part of La Fare Anticlinal (SE France). Lower Cretaceous, Urgonian facies carbonates underwent a polyphase tectonic history. Faults were set up as normal and were later reactivated as strike-slip. We made a 290 m scanline along the outcrop to characterize the fracture network in and outside the fault zones. The diagenetic analysis of 45 thin sections in polarized light microscopy with scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence evidenced three cementation phases and two micrite recrystallization phases. This study shows that fault-zone structural properties and deformation are dependent of the initial host-rock background fracture network. The fault-zone structure with a damage-zone fracture network encouraged fluid flow and the cementation of S2 phase. This fluid flow, absent in the host rock, strongly modified the reservoir properties of the studied zone.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Naturally Fractured Reservoirs collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/naturally-fractured-reservoirs
Toward Verifying Nonlinear Integer Arithmetic
Authors: Beame Paul , Liew Vincent
Published: June 2019

We eliminate a key roadblock to efficient verification of nonlinear integer arithmetic using CDCL SAT solvers, by showing how to construct short resolution proofs for many properties of the most widely used multiplier circuits. Such short proofs were conjectured not to exist. More precisely, we give
n

O
(1)

size regular resolution proofs for arbitrary degree 2 identities on array, diagonal, and Booth multipliers and
n

O
(log
n
)

size proofs for these identities on Wallace tree multipliers.
Cybersecurity is not very important
Authors: Odlyzko Andrew
Published: June 2019

There is a rising tide of security breaches. There is an even faster rising tide of hysteria over the ostensible reason for these breaches, namely the deficient state of our information infrastructure. Yet the world is doing remarkably well overall, and has not suffered any of the oft-threatened giant digital catastrophes. This continuing general progress of society suggests that cyber security is not very important. Adaptations to cyberspace of techniques that worked to protect the traditional physical world have been the main means of mitigating the problems that occurred. This "chewing gum and baling wire" approach is likely to continue to be the basic method of handling problems that arise, and to provide adequate levels of security.
Cognitive Network Science: A Review of Research on Cognition through the Lens of Network Representations, Processes, and Dynamics
Authors: Siew Cynthia S. Q. , Wulff Dirk U. , Beckage Nicole M. , Kenett Yoed N.
Published: June 2019

Network science provides a set of quantitative methods to investigate complex systems, including human cognition. Although cognitive theories in different domains are strongly based on a network perspective, the application of network science methodologies to quantitatively study cognition has so far been limited in scope. This review demonstrates how network science approaches have been applied to the study of human cognition and how network science can uniquely address and provide novel insight on important questions related to the complexity of cognitive systems and the processes that occur within those systems. Drawing on the literature in cognitive network science, with a focus on semantic and lexical networks, we argue three key points. (i) Network science provides a powerful quantitative approach to represent cognitive systems. (ii) The network science approach enables cognitive scientists to achieve a deeper understanding of human cognition by capturing how the structure, i.e., the underlying network, and processes operating on a network structure interact to produce behavioral phenomena. (iii) Network science provides a quantitative framework to model the dynamics of cognitive systems, operationalized as structural changes in cognitive systems on different timescales and resolutions. Finally, we highlight key milestones that the field of cognitive network science needs to achieve as it matures in order to provide continued insights into the nature of cognitive structures and processes.
Production-Induced Subsidence at the Los Humeros Geothermal Field Inferred from PS-InSAR
Authors: Békési Eszter , Fokker Peter A. , Martins Joana E. , Limberger Jon , Bonté Damien , van Wees Jan-Diederik
Published: June 2019

Surface deformation due to fluid extraction can be detected by satellite-based geodetic sensors, providing important insights on subsurface geomechanical properties. In this study, we use Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) observations to measure ground deformation due to fluid extraction at the Los Humeros Geothermal Field (Puebla, Mexico). Our main goal is to reveal the pressure distribution in the reservoir and to identify reservoir compartmentalization, which can be important aspects for optimizing the production of the field. The result of the PS-InSAR (Persistent Scatterer by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) analysis shows that the subsidence at the LHGF was up to 8 mm/year between April 2003 and March 2007, which is small relative to the produced volume of5×106 m3/year. The subsidence pattern indicates that the geothermal field is controlled by sealing faults separating the reservoir into several blocks. To assess if this is the case, we relate surface movements with volume changes in the reservoir through analytical solutions for different types of nuclei of strain. We constrain our models with the movements of the PS points as target observations. Our models imply small volume changes in the reservoir, and the different nuclei of strain solutions differ only slightly. These findings suggest that the pressure within the reservoir is well supported and that reservoir recharge is taking place.
Modeling and Analysis of Progressive Ice Shedding along a Transmission Line during Thermal De‐Icing
Authors: Xie Yunyun , Huang Linyan , Wang Da , Ding Huaiping , Yin Xiaochun
Published: June 2019

Progressive ice shedding (PIS) along transmission lines is a common type of ice shedding during thermal de‐icing that requires investigation to ensure the security of transmission lines. In current research, PIS is commonly analyzed using a constant speed for ice detaching from the conductor, which is not accurate for PIS simulation. Therefore, a mechanical model of PIS is established in this study to analyze PIS during thermal de‐icing. First, an ice detachment model during thermal de‐icing is built to determine the detachment times of the initial ice and remaining ice. Then, a two‐node isoparametric truss element is employed to derive the static and dynamic equilibrium equations of an iced conductor to simulate the dynamic response of PIS. Relative to commercial software, these equations can easily accommodate the changing mass of ice with the flow of melted water. The dynamic equilibrium equations are then solved using the ice detachment model to obtain the dynamic response of PIS. Finally, small‐scale and full‐scale experimental results are employed to verify the proposed method. The simulation results show that the results of the proposed method are more consistent with the experimental results than are the results of existing methods that assume a constant propagation speed. The proposed method can be further applied to optimize transmission line designs and evaluate the application of thermal de‐icing devices.
Remote Corticotomy Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Rat Model
Authors: Zou Min , Li Chenshuang , Zheng Zhong
Published: June 2019

Introduction. With an increasing demand for orthodontic treatment for adult patients, orthodontic professionals are constantly seeking novel strategies and technologies that can accelerate tooth movement in order to shorten the treatment period. For instance, in recent years, the influences of different surgical techniques on orthodontic tooth movement in the ipsilateral side of surgery were intensively investigated. Here, we attempt to examine if corticotomy could also affect the rate of tooth movement in the contralateral side of the surgery by using a rodent model. Materials and Methods. 72 eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: the Control group (orthodontic treatment devices delivered only, no tooth movement), the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) group (orthodontic treatment devices delivered and orthodontic treatment performed), and the Corticotomy + OTM group (remote corticotomy performed, orthodontic treatment devices delivered, followed by orthodontic treatment). The surgical procedure was conducted on the right side of the maxilla at the time of appliance placement and a force of 60 g was applied between the maxillary left first molar and maxillary incisors using nickel-titanium springs to stimulate OTM. The OTM distance and speed were tracked at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery, followed by histological and immunohistochemical assessments. Results. In comparison with orthodontic treatment only, the contralateral corticotomy significantly accelerated OTM. Furthermore, animals undergoing corticotomy + OTM presented with a greater number of osteoclasts on the compression side, stronger staining of the osteogenic marker on the tension side, and higher expression of an inflammatory marker than the OTM group animals. Conclusion. Our current study demonstrates that remote corticotomy effectively accelerates alveolar bone remodeling and OTM. The study enriches our understanding of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) and offers an alternative strategy for accelerating OTM to shorten the orthodontic treatment period.
Constructive Existence of (1,1)-Solutions to Two-Point Value Problems for Fuzzy Linear Multiterm Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Choi HuiChol , Kwon SungHyok , Sin Kinam , Pak Sunae , So Sungryol
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we consider the following two-point boundary value problems of fuzzy linear fractional differential equations: (Dc1,1αy)(t)⊕b(t)⊗(Dc1,1βy)(t)⊕c(t)⊗y(t)=f(t), t∈(0,1), y(0)=y0 and y(1)=y1, where b,c∈C(I), b(t),c(t)≥0, y,f∈C(I,RF), I=[0,1], y0,y1∈RF and 1<β<α≤2. Our existence result is based on Banach fixed point theorem and the approximate solution of our problem is obtained by applying the Haar wavelet operational matrix.
Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
Authors: Hemmerle Hannes , Hale Sina , Dressel Ingo , Benz Susanne A. , Attard Guillaume , Blum Philipp , Bayer Peter
Published: June 2019

Subsurface temperature data is usually only accessible as point information with a very limited number of observations. To spatialize these isolated insights underground, we usually rely on interpolation methods. Unfortunately, these conventional tools are in many cases not suitable to be applied to areas with high local variability, like densely populated areas, and in addition are very vulnerable to uneven distributions of wells. Since thermal conditions of the surface and shallow subsurface are coupled, we can utilize this relationship to estimate shallow groundwater temperatures from satellite-derived land surface temperatures. Here, we propose an estimation approach that provides spatial groundwater temperature data and can be applied to natural, urban, and mixed environments. To achieve this, we combine land surface temperatures with anthropogenic and natural processes, such as downward heat transfer from buildings, insulation through snow coverage, and latent heat flux in the form of evapotranspiration. This is demonstrated for the city of Paris, where measurements from as early as 1977 reveal the existence of a substantial subsurface urban heat island (SUHI) with a maximum groundwater temperature anomaly of around 7 K. It is demonstrated that groundwater temperatures in Paris can be well predicted with a root mean squared error of below 1 K by means of satellite-derived land surface images. This combined approach is shown to improve existing estimation procedures that are focused either on rural or on urban conditions. While they do not detect local hotspots caused by small-scaled heat sources located underground (e.g., sewage systems and tunnels), the findings for the city of Paris for the estimation of large-scale thermal anomalies in the subsurface are promising. Thus, the new estimation procedure may also be suitable for other cities to obtain a more reliable insight into the spatial distribution of urban ground and groundwater temperatures.