bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Czy tłumaczona powieść kryminalna może uczyć historii? O przekładach Śmierci w Breslau i Głowy Minotaura Marka Krajewskiego
Authors: Skibińska Elżbieta
Published: August 2021

Is a Translated Crime Novel Likely to Teach History? About the Translations of Śmierć w Breslau [Death in Breslau] and Głowa Minotaura [The Minotaur’s Head] by Marek Krajewski

Crime novel is considered one of the most important innovations of the twentieth century in the field of fiction. Together with cinema, television and “elite” literature which often take over some of its features (themes and plots), it plays a significant role in creating the representation of reality proposed to the readers. The investigation described in the novels is set in a context which refers to the real world, in its social, political or historical aspects. The realistic dimension of the crime story makes it a kind of “social document”, which attracts the attention of researchers, including non-literary scholars. Reading crime novels allows them to acquire strictly literary information, but also some knowledge about communities, which leads them to an interpretation of relationships between literature and society. In this paper, the translated crime novel is seen as a special means of enriching the reader’s knowledge of the source culture. The realistic character of the work, which is supposed to fulfil a primarily ludic function, implies a certain tension in the work of the translator, who is led to ask himself: “shall I entertain or shall I entertain and teach”? If realism becomes a constitutive feature of crime fiction, if, as stated by Maryse Petit and Gilles Menegaldo, “under the pretext of attracting a crime novel client, the intention is to give him a history lesson or to make him think about a certain state of society”, the translator may be bound to include in the translation some elements that supplement the “encyclopaedic” knowledge of the target reader. The analysis is based on two novels by Marek Krajewski – his first novel, Death in Breslau (1999), set in the inter-war period, featuring the German policeman Eberhard Mock, and The Minotaur’s Head, published a decade later, which action takes Mock to Lwów in the time when it was a Polish city and makes him befriend a Polish commissioner, Popielski. A comparison of some of their translations (eight for the first book, three for the second) shows differences in the treatment of the historical component of the novels, both in the treatment of selected text elements, as a result of the translator’s project, and in the peritexts, which, however, usually do not depend on the translator, but on the publisher.
Zbiorniki ze stęchłymi ściekami: przekład specjalistycznej terminologii w powieści detektywistycznej, przełożyła Joanna Sobesto
Authors: Linder Daniel
Published: August 2021

Greasy Scummy Sumps: Translating Specialized Terminology in Detective Fiction Fictional texts containing specialized terms pose a challenge for literary translators. Rooted in raw factual accuracy, terms can nonetheless be used in extremely expressive ways. Raymond Chandler used oil industry terminology (bull wheel, derrick, oil field, scum, walking-beam, and especially the term sump) in his first novel The Big Sleep (1939) within intentionally artistic phrasings involving alliteration, parallel structuring and repetition. The novel was (re)translated into Spanish many times (El sueño eterno 1947, 1948, 1958, 1972 and 2001), offering a view into how different translators met this challenge. Though the published translations reveal lower frequency of repetition in all cases, inconsistent co-textual use of the terminology and usage of non-terms, omissions and errors, these instances were qualitatively compensated with creatively reproduced alliterative elements and added literary devices. This study of a seldomly explored aspect of literary translation shows how professionals are aware of the importance of language for specific purposes in literature and how effective balances between technical accuracy and literary expressiveness can be attained. For theorists who might believe that literary and technical translation are separate worlds of translatorial action, the results of this study show that literary translators tend to bridge this gap proficiently with both accuracy and literary flair.
Lokalny gatunek – uniwersalny odbiór? Polski reportaż literacki dwóch pierwszych dekad XXI wieku w oczach francuskojęzycznego odbiorcy
Authors: Łapiński Paweł
Published: August 2021

Local Genre – Universal Reception? Polish Literary Reportage from the Two First Decades of the 20th Century Read by the French-Speaking Audience The article examines the reception of Polish contemporary authors associated with the genre of “literary reportage” among the readers of their French translations. The analysis starts with the assumption taken from the thoughts of Tzvetan Todorov, who claimed that genre – shaping both the author’s writing model and the reader’s horizon of expectations – can be an important mechanism of mediation driving the literary communication. The analysis includes translations of books by Wojciech Tochman, Jacek Hugo- Bader, Mariusz Wilk and Mariusz Szczygieł. In the first part, the publishing peritext is examined, through which French publishers create the perception of Polish authors and the literary genre they can be associated with. The second part of the analysis is devoted to the reception of translations of the above-mentioned authors – both among professional critics and amateur reviewers or readers – with particular emphasis put on the genre classification made by the audience. The summary attempts to determine whether French-speaking readers perceive Polish authors in accordance with the specific rules of “literary reportage” and what role the publishing peritext may play in this process. The issue of marketing potential of the literary genre as an important tool in creating the publisher’s offer is also discussed.
Problemy przekładu terminologii z zakresu prawa na podstawie wybranych polskich tłumaczeń sztuk Williama Szekspira
Authors: Jaworska-Biskup Katarzyna
Published: August 2021

Problems of Translating Legal Language Based on William Shakespeare’s Selected Plays The paper discusses major problems and issues of translating law and legal language into Polish as illustrated by selected examples from William Shakespeare’s three plays: King Lear, The Merchant of Venice and Measure for Measure. The common feature of the plays is the context of the court and the trial. In King Lear, Shakespeare depicts a mock-trial of the main character’s two daughters, Regan and Goneril. The crux of The Merchant of Venice is the proceedings instigated by Shylock against his debtor, Antonio. Measure for Measure features a summary trial of two local rogues, Froth and Pompey, who are brought to justice by the constable Elbow. A comparison of the English original law-embedded scenes with their Polish counterparts shows that Polish translators approached Shakespeare’s legal lexicon differently. They frequently neutralised legal language or offered the equivalents that do not overlap with the source text. The different treatment of legal language by the translators results in various readings and interpretations of the original. The paper also provides a commentary on the basic concepts and institutions of English law in Shakespeare’s analysed plays.
Dziewictwo utracone w tłumaczeniu: analiza indywidualnego stylu Zuzanny Ginczanki w oryginale i w przekładzie na język ukraiński
Authors: Piątkowska Józefina Inesa
Published: August 2021

Virginity Lost in Translation: The Analysis of Individual Style of Zuzanna Ginczanka in Polish Original Poems and Their Ukrainian Renditions

The aim of this article is a comparative study of original poems by Zuzanna Ginczanka (Zuzanna Gincburg) and their translations into Ukrainian language by Yaroslav Polishchuk. The poetess crafted a distinctive, highly dynamic style in Polish literature. Among the particular features of her style are: phonetic experiments, neologisms, lexical and grammatical repetitions, ironic utterances and extended metaphors. The loss or rendering of these features will be the key criterion in judging Polishchuk’s translations. The study focuses on the poem called Virginity, but numerous examples are taken from many other poems and their Ukrainian versions.
W prowincjonalnym mieście na ziemiach zachodnich. O Prokuraturze Sądu Okręgowego w Głogowie z siedzibą w Nowej Soli (1945–1950)
Authors: Siemaszko Karol
Published: August 2021

In a Provincial City in Western Poland. Concerning the Prosecutor’s Office of the District Court in Głogów with Its Seat in Nowa Sól (1945–1950)

After World War II, a number of territories that had belonged to Germany before 1945 were incorpo­rated into those of the Polish state. The change of borders resulted in the need to build structures of the Polish judiciary and prosecutor’s offices in these territories. This article is devoted to describing the functioning of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Regional Court in Głogów with its seat in Nowa Sól. The history of this office is an example of how prosecutors’ offices operated in difficult post-war conditions in the recovered territories, as well as of relations between the prosecutors’ offices and other public authorities such as the Citizens’ Militia or the judiciary.
Sabrina Lo Iacono, Ambulatoria est voluntas defuncti? Ricerche sui „patti successori” istitutivi. Milano: Giuffrè Francis Lefebvre, 2019, stron IX+ 358
Authors: Grebieniow Aleksander
Published: August 2021

Books debunking stereotypes are particularly noteworthy. Such is the monograph of S. Lo Iacono. The author compares Italian, Swiss, and Roman laws to eventually demonstrate that contracts on succession do not in fact infringe the freedom of testation to the extent that they are usually thought to.
Dorota Skotarczak, Otwierać, milicja! O powieści kryminalnej w PRL. Szczecin–Warszawa: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2019, 231 stron
Authors: Pilarczyk Piotr M.
Published: August 2021

Militia, Open Up! About Crime Fiction in People’s Poland. Szczecin–Warszawa: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2019, 231 Pages

In People’s Poland, a distinct type of crime fiction was developed. Popular militia novels were entertaining, but also dictated attitudes towards the legal system.
Nowe idiomy Śląska Opolskiego? Działania społeczne kobiet jako problematyzacje
Authors: Baer Monika
Published: August 2021

New Idioms of Opole Silesia? Social Activities of Women as Problematisations By the use of critical anthropological perspective, in this paper I unsettle specific theoretical and methodological premises of studies on Opole Silesia, which have in many ways determined resultant images of the region in scholarly literature. In this context, I find particularly problematic essentialised approaches toward “(Silesian) women,” and the more recent discourses of “disintegration,” which dwell on depopulation, migration, and collapsing social and family relations, or Silesian culture. To this end, I discuss social activities of women in the Dobrzeń Wielki commune, exemplified by an educational group focused on family issues, an association acting for a local community, a vocal ensemble, and a sporting team. Variously embedded in the late industrial condition, these activities are conceived as problematisations. Seen through this prism, they become significant contexts for emerging “norms and forms” of gender, Silesianity, and/or locality. At the same time, they encourage critical insights into such “norms and forms,” and their contribution to various idioms of Opole Silesia. Such problematisations allow therefore for revealing “discursive gaps” and “risks” (re)produced in the aforementioned literature on the region. By unsettling subjects and discursive forms with which it deals, the proposed ethnographic analysis turns into a tool for “generating surprises.”
Wrocławskie cmentarze żydowskie – miejsca (nie)znane. Wiedza i wyobrażenia młodych mieszkańców Wrocławia
Authors: Banasiewicz-Ossowska Ewa
Published: August 2021

Jewish Cemeteries in Wrocław – Places (Un)known. Knowledge and Beliefs of Young Residents of Wrocław

The article is based on empirical research, one of the elements of which was to verify the knowledge, beliefs and ideas of young Wrocław residents about the Jewish cemeteries located in the city. The subject of the analysis was, first of all, knowledge of their history, importance for local culture and community; ideas about the role of cemeteries in Jewish culture and customs related to death and funeral. An important aspect was also finding out what the place of cemeteries is and how they are perceived in the local community, do they function in the minds of young people and in what way, are they really known to them and are they associated with the Jewish community living here, or rather perceived as places of memory and museum space.
„Ja”, „my”, „oni” – gramatyka opowieści o sobie. Rozważania w czasie pandemii
Authors: Sławek Tadeusz
Published: August 2021

Wykorzystując zapis dziennikowy Samuela Pepysa z czasów zarazy panującej w Londynie w połowie XVII wieku, zadajemy pytanie o słabo i mocno wartościujące dyskursy tworzące podmiotowość jednostki w relacji do grupy. W istocie pytamy więc o warunki zaistnienia „osoby”, której życie zachowuje możliwość odwoływania się do „mocnych” pojęć moralnych, co wiąże się z konieczną fazą krytyczną wobec dyskursów hegemonicznych. Podczas analizy tekstu Pepysa postulujemy pojawienie się fazy „my”, umożliwiającej krytyczną refleksję i ocalającej nietrwale „osobę”, wydobywając ją spod petryfikujących dyskursów narzuconych przez społeczne „oni”. Pozwala to „osobie” zaistnieć, odnieść się krytycznie do „wszechrozumienia powszedniego mniemania”; dzieje się to za sprawą odwołania do silnej wartości, jaką jest sprzeciw wobec „okrucieństwa”, ale odwołanie to nie utrzymuje się długo i nie kontynuuje się w dalszych pytaniach. “I,” “We,” “They” – The Grammar of Self-Narrative: Reflections from the Times of Pandemic With the use of journals by Samuel Pepys written during the 17th-century plague epidemic in London, we discuss the issue of weak and strong evaluation discourses which create the subjectivity of an individual in its relation to a group. Our fundamental goal is therefore to discover the conditions indispensable for the emergence of a “person” whose life retains the ability to refer to “strong” moral concepts, which is necessarily connected with a phase of critical approach to hegemonic discourses. In our analysis of the text by Pypus, we postulate the emergence of a “we” phase which allows for critical reflection and temporarily frees a “person” from petrifying discourses imposed by the social “they.” This makes it possible for the “person” to come into existence and critically approach the “understanding of everyday estimations”; this takes place by referring to the strong value of opposition against “cruelty,” but this reference is fleeting and does not endure in further questioning.
Życie w brulionach. O Dzienniku we dwoje Jadwigi Stańczakowej
Authors: Głąb Anna
Published: August 2021

Autorka podziela stanowiska Charlesa Taylora i Davida Parkera, którzy relacje autobiograficzne łączą z „gęstymi” językami dobra. Uważa, że relacja z własnego życia potrzebuje adekwatnego języka, jakiego nie może dostarczyć perspektywa trzecioosobowa, charakterystyczna dla nauk ścisłych. Na przykładzie Dziennika we dwoje Jadwigi Stańczakowej pokazuje, że pisanie dziennika to rodzaj ćwiczenia duchowego i, idąc za słowami Iris Murdoch, sposób prowadzenia dobrego życia. Life in Sketchbooks: On Jadwiga Stańczakowa’s Diary of a Twosome The author agrees with the positions held by Charles Taylor and David Parker, who associate autobiographical accounts with “thick” languages of the good. She believes that writing an account of one’s own life requires adequate language which the third-person perspective typical for hard science cannot supply. On the example of Jadwiga Stańczakowa’s Diary of a Twosome, she demonstrates that keeping a diary is a type of spiritual exercise understood as a way of living a good life.
A Teaching Material Based on Science, Environment, Technology, and Society to Improve Student’s Critical Thinking Skills: Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aziza Syaila Amilyana  , Tjandra Kirana M. Sjaifullah Noer  , Raharjo
Published: August 2021

Student's critical thinking has not been maximally train in learning, learning activities are only memorizing demands of passing the assessment. Students are less understand, build, and criticize arguments about a problem, especially in science learning. This is the introduction for the development of teaching materials based on Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS). This study aims to determine how the feasibility of science teaching materials based on SETS in ecosystem materials to improve the critical thinking skills of grade 5 students. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development) with a 4D model. This research was conducted online using Microsoft Teams which was carried out synchronously and asynchronously due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data collection technique is the expert validation stage, the implementation of learning observation sheets, critical thinking tests (pretest and posttest), and student response questionnaires and then analyzed using quantitative and descriptive techniques. The results show that: (1) teaching materials were in the feasible category with an average of 3.4, (2) practical based on observations of the implementation of learning with an average of 93% and the categories are good, and 95% of the student activity was active, ( 3) effective based on the acquisition of N-gain on the critical thinking test is 0.77 (high category), and the student response questionnaire that is 97% very good category. This teaching material based on SETS is expected to improve students' critical thinking skills, in this study students can be categorized as having high critical thinking skills.
The Effect of Learning Motivation on Learning Independence and Learning Outcomes of Students in the Package C Equivalence Program
Authors: Moh Ghoizi Eriyanto  , M.V. Roesminingsih  , Soedjarwo  , Ivan Kusuma Soeherman
Published: August 2021

The purposes of this research are (1) Knowing the effect of learning motivation on the learning independence of students in the Package C Equivalence Program in; (2) Knowing the effect of learning motivation on student learning outcomes of the Package C Equivalence Program students. This research uses quantitative research with correlational methods. The number of research samples was 120 students. There are two variables in this research, namely the independent variable and the dependent variable. The independent variable is the treatment of this study, namely learning motivation. The dependent variable is learning independence and learning outcomes. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and tests. Questionnaires are used to determine the results of learning motivation and learning independence, while tests are used to determine learning outcomes. Hypothesis test data analysis technique is simple linear regression analysis. The results and analysis of research data were obtained as follows: (1) There was an effect of learning motivation on the learning independence of students in the Package C Equality Program.
ROMEOS IN LOCKDOWN - ONE YEAR ON
Authors: Delcea Cristian
Published: August 2021

We worked with the fact that, nowadays, the majority of teachers in schools are female, so the aim of
our research became to assess the general state of mental hygiene in female teachers, and its causal
relations. In this study we presented the may-sided, diversified roots of the research, based on positive,
Jungian and personal psychology, educational researches on teachers personality, gender issues
in education. We also exhibited the connected studies on stress and burn out mostly in connection
to teachers and the field of education. The research has a specific focus on female teachers' mental
hygiene states in connection with their developing professional and female identity. We pointed out
some connections of our main points of examination and the Finnish teacher training practice, too.
As a main hypothesis we presume that just a certain group of female teachers are in a state of fragile
mental hygiene. In the detailed hypotheses we are looking for evidence that the mental hygiene state
shows differences between certain groups among female teachers. The best way for examination
appeared to be by using two validated (MBI-ES, LOT-R) and two personal creating questionnaires
(BÉIK, SzSzK, only in Hungarian), as a comparative survey. On the whole, our starting assumption
has been proved, that female teachers' mental hygiene state in our meaning the level of burnout and
psychological well-being are in connection with the level of the elaboration of their professional and
female identity.
LET’S TALK ABOUT SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors:   CAMELIA STANCIU, SORINA MIHAELA BĂLAN*
Published: August 2021

Sexual Health Education must be is on important field of education. The purpose of our article is to synthesize the diverse aspects founded in the literature of sexual health education. We conducted a search of the literature on sexual health education and specific results of subject. We synthetized there information about standards and specific skill elements, teaching sexual health education, pedagogical, methodological and theoretical approach. During the workshops organized with teachers, students and parents, the topic of sex education was debated, the topic giving rise to controversy, especially due to the religious aspect. Important is the role of parents in sexual health education and finally is important to know the perceptions of adolescents.
Arta excesului și a compromisului
Authors: Boanta Adriana
Published: August 2021

Investigation of codependent relationship between the work-author-commanditaire and its implications circumscribed to the „new order“, imposed by the grid of values established by the political-cultural context during the communist totalitarian regime.
Capacidade de armazenagem de produtos agrícolas em armazéns dos municípios da mesorregião Norte de Minas
Authors: Beirão Éder de Souza , Silveira Natália Daniella Santos , Gomes Thamires Alves
Published: August 2021

A armazenagem é um dos processos mais importantes quem compõem a cadeia produtiva, a logística e o agronegócio. Neste último, o processo de armazenagem torna possível o aumento da produção de grãos, a distribuição e a estabilidade no mercado. Tendo em vista a importância da armazenagem agrícola para o agronegócio, o presente estudo têm como objetivo geral analisar a capacidade estática de armazenagem de produtos agrícolas em armazéns dos municípios da mesorregião Norte de Minas nos anos 2015 e 2020. Através de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa foi possível realizar o levantamento dos dados. Para a realização das análises os dados foram obtidos através do Sistema da Cadastro Nacional de Unidades Armazenadoras da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (SICARM/Conab). Através das análises realizadas foi possível inferir que os municípios de Montes Claros/MG e Buritizeiro/MG possuem maiores percentuais de armazéns do tipo convencional nos períodos analisados. Quanto aos armazéns do tipo graneleiro, os municípios de Buritzeiro/MG, Chapada Gaúcha/MG e Pirapora/MG apresentaram os maiores percentuais. Os municípios que possuem maior percentual de capacidade de armazenagem de grãos em armazéns convencionais são Montes Claros/MG e Buritizeiro/MG. No que tange aos armazéns graneleiros, os municípios com as maiores capacidades de armazenamento foram Buritizeiro/MG, Chapada Gaúcha/MG e Pirapora/MG.
Experiences of Iranian Women with Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Abnormalities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ranjbar Fahimeh , Oskouie Fatemeh , Hashemi Dizaji Shahrzad , Gharacheh Maryam
Published: August 2021

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with congenital anomalies due to advances in new technologies in medical science. Following prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities, women may be forced to make decisions about whether to continue a pregnancy with fetal abnormalities. This can be a dilemma for the women. The aim of the study was to explore women’s experiences of prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. A qualitative study was conducted in a referral women’s hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Participants were a purposeful sample of 15 women with prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Data were collected by individual, in-depth interviews. The conventional content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Two main themes “emotional suffering” and “decision-making challenge” were extracted from the participants’ experiences. Emotional suffering consisted of subthemes “commiseration,” “self-blame,” “sense of guilt,” and “projection.” Decision-making challenge included subthemes “lack of support,” “stereotypical beliefs,” and “uncertainty.” The women’s experiences of prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities were associated with emotional suffering and challenges in decision-making to continue or terminate the pregnancy. Strategies need to be employed to improve women’s autonomy in decision-making. Healthcare professionals should be trained in communication skills to provide appropriate counseling to support women with diagnosis of fetal anomalies.
Relationship between Reflective Teaching and Teacher Autonomy among Iranian EFL Experienced and Novice Teachers
Authors: Moslehi Parvinsadat , Salehi Hadi
Published: August 2021

The present study was an attempt to examine the relationship between reflective teaching and teacher autonomy among Iranian EFL experienced and novice teachers. The study was conducted with a sample of 100 EFL teachers that were selected by convenience sampling from language institutes in Isfahan, Iran. In order to neutralize the role of gender, as an intervening variable, an equal number of male and female participants were invited to take part in the study. Out of participants, 50 of them were experienced and 50 were novice teachers (those teachers who had fewer than five years and more than five years of teaching experience were considered novice and experienced participants). The participants were requested to fill out two questionnaires measuring reflective teaching and teacher autonomy. The descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. The findings showed that there was a strong positive relationship between the experienced teachers' reflective teaching and their teacher autonomy and there was a moderate positive relationship between the novice teachers' reflective teaching and their teacher autonomy. The results of the present study will be useful for EFL teachers to have effective teaching. Obviously, reflective teaching would help teachers to foster their independence.
Cognitive Research in Asian Small-Clawed Otters
Authors: Perdue Bonnie M. , Snyder Rebecca J. , Maple Terry L.
Published: August 2021

Little research has been conducted on cognitive abilities in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) despite behavioral and social characteristics which suggest that this species would perform well on cognitive tasks and are likely to provide relevant data for comparison to other taxa. Asian small-clawed otters are relatively long-lived and have complex social systems that t involve cooperative breeding, paternal care and reproductive suppression. These life-history characteristics have been associated with highly intelligent behavior, yet little is known about the cognitive abilities of this species. The current study explored spatial memory in Asian small-clawed otters using a modification of the radial arm maze. Performance on all measures improved significantly across sessions. These results provide evidence that Asian small-clawed otters have spatial memory for food locations and illustrate the potential for cognitive testing with this species.
Behavioral Monitoring of Big Cats Involved in ‘Behind-the-Scenes’ Zoo Visitor Tours
Authors: Szokalski Monika S. , Foster Wendy K. , Litchfield Carla A.
Published: August 2021

While interactive tours have been argued to hold great conservation potential for zoo visitors, the influence on the participating animal’s behavior is often ignored. To investigate this, we observed the behavior of one Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and three African lions (Panthera leo leo) involved in a protected contact tour, as well as that of three cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) involved in a hands-on tour, at Zoos South Australia. Instantaneous scan sampling (30-s intervals) was used to record animal behavior before, during, and after behind-the-scenes tours, as well as for equivalent times on non-tour days, over a three-month period. Estimated proximity (close, < 2 m; moderate, 2-5 m; and distant, > 5 m) to humans was also recorded as an indirect measure of interaction. The animals in the protected contact tour displayed decreased inactivity and increased feeding and pacing during the tours, compared to before and after. We suggest that the increased pacing is more associated with the animals being fed during the tours, rather than the tours being a stressful experience. Those in the hands-on tour showed variation in proportions of multiple behavior categories and primarily these were shifts in species-typical behaviors. In contrast to those in the protected contact tour, they showed decreased pacing during the tour sessions. No aggressive or otherwise antagonistic behaviors directed at humans were observed by animals in either tour, with these animals typically spending more than half of their tour times in distant proximity to keepers and visitors. Combined, these findings indicate that large felid behavior may be altered by participation in interactive tours, but that these changes are not necessarily indicative of compromised wellbeing. Additional research is needed to determine the impact that these experiences are having on the welfare of the animals. This study reinforces the potential for behavioral monitoring to be used as a method for assessing the influence of visitors on zoo animals.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ranitidine Hydrochloride Loaded Floating Microspheres for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer
Authors:   Professor & Head Department of Pharmaceutics, Senghundhar college of Pharmacy, Kuraramangalam (po), Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India -637205., Palanivelu Manikandan
Published: August 2021

The study was aimed to prepare gastro retentive floating microsphere of Ranitidine Hydrochloride by Ionotropic Gelation technique and solvent evaporation technique by using the different carriers’ ratios (Carbopol 934, Chitosan, and sodium alginate). Both natural and synthetic polymers have been used to prepare floating microspheres and evaluated the relevant parameters. There was no drug and carrier interactions assessed from FTIR. Depending upon the ratio, the percentage yield was found between 58.33% to 90.38%. in all formulations. The surface morphology of microspheres was characterized by SEM and it was discrete, spherical in shape with rough outer surface and showed free flowing properties. The mean particle size of microspheres significantly increases with increasing polymer concentration and the range between 99.92±1.221 to 168.23±1.963 µm. Among all the formulations, RF3 showed high drug entrapment efficiency (87.52%). The percentage in-vitro buoyancy of the floating microspheres was in the range of 66.92% to 81.52%. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that RF3, RF6 and RF9 Formulations having 89.97%,92.91%,93.68% drug released at the end of dissolution studies respectively. It could be concluded that the developed floating microsphere of Ranitidine Hydrochloride can be used for prolonged release in stomach. Therefore improving the bioavailability and patient compliance.
Experiences of Distance Education Students with Their Study Modules: The Case of University of Education, Winneba (UEW), Ghana
Authors:   College for Distance and e-Learning, UEW., Mensah Ph.D Francis Owusu-
Published: August 2021

Design of distance education course materials is the single most important aspect of any distance education program. In recent times, many have questioned the experiences of the learners in the use of their course modules. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to find out the experiences of the distance education students in their use of the course modules (learner-content interaction), to see how it has been engaging, effective and efficient in their distance learning journey. Five graduates of the UEW distance education programme were chosen at random for this study and the in-depth interview guide was used to gather data. The four major themes that emerged from the phenomenological reduction process of the learners’ experiences with the distance education course modules were the user experience; module content; interactivity of the modules; and assessments. The findings of the study were that respondents had positive experiences in user experiences, module content, and interactivity of the modules. They however had not so good experiences with the assessment practices of their program. The findings only confirm the importance of learner-content interactions in distance education, it also adds to the limited literature on learner-content interaction in distance education in the developing countries like Ghana.
Legal Protection of Personal Data against Customers in Technology. Based Money Lending Services
Authors:   Lecturer of Postgraduate Masters in Law, Universityof National Development Veterans Jakarta, Joesoef Iwan Erar
Published: August 2021

Information technology-based money lending service is the implementation of financial services to bring lenders together with borrowers in order to make loan agreements to borrow money. Many people have complained about the dissemination of personal data by online loan providers without notice and without the owner's permission. The purpose of this paper is to review the legal protection of customers' personal data in technology-based money lending services. The motto used in this writing is a normative legal method with a statutory approach and a fact approach. The results of the study show that legal protections and sanctions for personal data breaches have been stipulated in Law No. 11 of 2008 and changes in information and electronic transactions, but specifically regarding legal protection and sanctions for personal data breaches in online loan services have been listed in the financial services authority regulation No. 77/POJK.01/2016. Information technology-based money lending services. The organizer is responsible for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of personal data use and in the utilization must obtain approval from the data owner, the organizer may be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of written warnings, fines, obligation to pay a certain amount of money, restrictions on business activities, and revocation of business license
Legal Protection of Consumers that Have Funds in Illegal Cooperative Legal Entities in Indonesia Study of the Supreme Court Decision Number 3 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2019
Authors:   Master Program of Law, Faculty of Law, State University of Veteran Jakarta, Adil Daffa Muamar
Published: August 2021

This study aims to provide a way out regarding legal protection for consumers who carry out fund-keeping activities in illegal cooperative legal entities. Seeing the development of the pattern of life in society, where the current economic sector is growing rapidly, in this case the investment or deposit of funds in a particular legal entity is in great demand by the public. This interest is then used by unscrupulous cooperative bodies in carrying out their illegal business activities. The state as a regulator and protector of the public interest needs to be present in regulating the procedures for storing funds and how to protect them for the community. This then becomes interesting for the author in conducting this research. Where the cooperative legal entity carries out business activities to raise funds in the community illegally and when carrying out its business activities the cooperative legal entity fails to pay, the big question is what form of legal protection is provided by the state to consumers who have already done fundraising on illegal cooperative legal entities the. The existence of the court as the last door for consumers that can then be given by the state as a form of legal protection that can be taken.
BUEN GOBIERNO Y BUENA ADMINISTRACIÓN EN LA SANIDAD PÚBLICA
Authors: CUETO PÉREZ MIRIAM
Published: August 2021

El ámbito sanitario constituye uno de los sectores que presentan una mayor importancia para la ciudadanía, como ha puesto en evidencia la actual crisis. por ello se deben producir avances que garanticen la adecuada gestión de este servicio público. Desde hace tiempo se han venido reclamando cambios estructurales muchos de los cuales se pueden impulsar desde los principios de buen gobierno como desde una implantación real y efectiva del derecho a una buena administración. Desde la perspectiva del buen gobierno son necesarios unos mayores avances que garanticen aspectos como la equidad, la profesionalización de la toma de decisiones y la implantación de códigos éticos de conducta. Por su parte, la buena administración en el ámbito sanitario implica la consecución de derechos previamente reconocidos en las normas sanitarias y el refuerzo de la posición jurídica del paciente.

Osasunaren eremua sektorerik garrantzitsuenetako bat da herritarrentzat, oraingo krisiak agerian utzi duen bezala, eta horregatik, zerbitzu publiko hori egoki kudeatzea bermatzen duten aurrerapenak gertatu behar dira. Egiturazko aldaketak eskatu dira aspalditik, eta gobernu onaren printzipioetatik bultzatu ahal dira horietako asko, bai eta administrazio on baterako eskubidea benetan eta eraginkortasunez ezarriz ere. Gobernu onaren ikuspegitik aurrerapen handiagoak behar dira zenbait alderdi bermatzeko, hala nola ekitatea, erabakiak hartzeko prozesuaren profesionalizatzea eta jokabide-kode etikoen ezarpena. Eremu sanitarioko administrazio onak, berriz, arau sanitarioetan aurretiaz aitortutako eskubideak lortzea dakar, bai eta pazientearen egoera juridikoa indartzea ere.

Health is one of the most important sectors for citizenship, as the ongoing crisis has shown, and accordingly some advances have to be introduced in order to ensure the adequeate managing of this public service. For some time now some structural changes have been called which many of them can be promoted both from the principle of good government and from a real and effective implementation of the right to good adminisration. From the perspective of the good government, some advances are necessary to ensure issues as equity, the profesionalization of the decision making process and the implantation of the ethic codes of conduct. For its part, good administration within the health sector implies the realization of rights previously acknowledged by the health laws and the strengthtening of the legal position of the patient.
LA PROHIBICIÓN DEL ENRIQUECIMIENTO INJUSTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA Y EL RECONOCIMIENTO EXTRAJUDICIAL DE CRÉDITOS
Authors: LEIVA LÓPEZ ALEJANDRO DAVID
Published: August 2021

La cada vez más extendida práctica administrativa local consistente
en asumir compromisos de pago derivados de contratos sin contar con la
previa consignación presupuestaria, o excediéndose del crédito preexistente,
pone de relieve que nos encontramos ante gastos nulos de pleno derecho. Sin
embargo, la invalidez de estos contratos no podía eximir a la Administración de
su obligación de resarcir aquellas prestaciones realizadas por terceros de buena
fe, si con ello se evita el enriquecimiento injusto de la Administración. Por ello, se
configuró el procedimiento de reconocimiento extrajudicial de créditos, como mecanismo
excepcional que busca evitar que las Administraciones se enriquezcan
injustamente. Así pues, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la legitimidad
de este mecanismo desde la perspectiva de la teoría del enriquecimiento injusto
¿entendido éste como una fuente de obligaciones autónoma¿, así como examinar
las disputas jurisprudenciales que ha suscitado esta institución del reconocimiento
extrajudicial de créditos en los últimos tiempos.

Toki-administrazioan gero eta ohikoagoa da kontratuen ondoriozko
ordainketa-konpromisoak hartzea aldez aurretik aurrekontuan kontsignatu
gabe, edo lehendik dagoen aurrekontua gaindituta, eta horrek agerian uzten du
gastu horiek erabat deusezak direla. Hala ere, kontratu horiek baliozkoak ez izateak
ez du administrazioa salbuesten beste batzuek fede onez egindako prestazioak ordaintzeko
betebeharretik, betiere horrela administrazioa bidegabe aberastea eragozten
bada. Horregatik, kredituak auzibidetik kanpo aitortzeko prozedura eratu
zen, administrazioak bidegabe aberastea eragotzi nahi duen salbuespenezko mekanismo
modura. Hori horrela, lan honek xedetzat du mekanismo horren zilegitasuna
aztertzea bidegabeko aberastearen teoriaren ikuspegitik ¿hori eginbehar-iturri
autonomotzat hartuta¿, bai eta kredituak auzibidetik kanpo aitortzeko instituzio
horrek azkenaldian eragin dituen jurisprudentzia-eztabaidak aztertzea ere.

When the Spanish Administration assumes payment commitments
derived from contracts, without having the prior budget or exceeding the preexisting
credit, those expenses will be automatically void. However, the invalidity
of these contracts could not exempt the Administration from the obligation
to compensate those services provided by third parties in good faith, if this
avoids the unjust enrichment. For this reason, the extrajudicial recognition of
credits was created as an exceptional mechanism that seeks to avoid the unjust enrichment. Therefore, this paper analyzes the legitimacy of this mechanism from
the perspective of the theory of unjust enrichment ¿understood as an autonomous
source of obligations¿, as well as we also examine the most important Spanish
case law disputes about this institution of extrajudicial recognition of credits in
recent times.
LOS ÓRGANOS ADMINISTRATIVOS TRANSITORIOS
Authors: IZU BELLOSO MIGUEL JOSÉ
Published: August 2021

Las clasificaciones de los órganos administrativos suelen dar por
supuesto que todos los órganos tienen carácter estable y permanente. Ignoran la
existencia, absolutamente normal, de órganos administrativos que se crean con
un carácter no solo temporal, sino transitorio, con una misión determinada, a menudo
para la tramitación de un único procedimiento administrativo, a cuya conclusión
quedan disueltos. Tanto el legislador como la doctrina científica no prestan atención a estos órganos, la mayor parte de la normativa general aplicable a los
órganos administrativos resulta incompatible con su naturaleza.

Administrazio-organoen sailkapenek jakintzat eman ohi dute
organo guztiek izaera egonkorra eta iraunkorra dutela. Ez dute kontuan hartzen
guztiz normala dela zenbait administrazio-organo aldi baterako izaeraz ez ezik,
baita izaera iraunkorraz ere, sortzea, xede jakin batez, maiz administrazioprozedura
bakar bat izapidetzeko, eta hura amaituta, desegin egiten direla.
Hala legegileak nola zientzia-doktrinak ez diete jaramonik egiten organo horiei,
eta administrazio-organoei aplikatu beharreko araudi orokor gehienak ez dira
bateragarriak haien izaerarekin.

Classifications of administrative bodies or agencies usually
assume that all of them are stable and permanent. They ignore the absolutely
normal existence of administrative bodies that are created not only temporarily,
but also transitory, with a specific task, often for the processing of a single
administrative procedure, at the conclusion of which they are dissolved. Both the
legislator and the scientific doctrine do not pay attention to these bodies, most of
the general regulations applicable to administrative agencies are incompatible
with their nature.
Strategi diplomasi publik Pemerintah Korea Selatan terhadap Indonesia melalui Hallyu
Authors: Kumalaningrum Widya Sari
Published: August 2021

South Korea is an example of a country that realizes the strategic meaning of public diplomacy. Korea uses public diplomacy with the Korean Wave or Hallyu being one of the media. The public diplomacy carried out by South Korea through Hallyu attracted the attention of many groups. Hallyu itself refers to all aspects of South Korean culture, including television dramas, films, music, fashion, hairstyles and cosmetics that spread throughout the world. This paper aims to describe the achievement of state interests through the implementation of public diplomacy. The research method used is normative research using conceptual and historical approaches and using literature study. This paper finds that public diplomacy has succeeded in increasing the popularity of South Korea. The South Korean government then uses this popular culture as a diplomatic strategy.
Edukasi Cara Mencuci Tangan Yang Baik Dan Benar Sebagai Upaya Untuk Mencegah COVID-19 Di Desa Tibang Kecamatan Syiah Kuala
Authors: Kiti Annisa Ammalia , Yuliana Cut , Dewi Resmila
Published: August 2021

The habit of washing hands is one of the Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS) as an effort to maintain health to avoid various diseases. The purpose of this community service program was to provide education to the societies about how to wash hands properly and correctly according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). This Community Service activity was held on June 23, 2020, in Tibang Village, Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh. The targets of this program were the Tibang Village Communities, amounting to 40 people with an age range of 30-70 years consisting of men and women. The method used in its implementation were using lectures, demonstrations, question and answer methods.  Overall the results of this community activities program were run smoothly, conducive, and according to procedures. The conclusion of this Community Service activity was expected to increase the understanding of the Tibang village community regarding the importance of proper and correct handwashing according to WHO rules and it is hoped that this activity can also help one of the Government Agenda in reducing the transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Aceh region.Abstrak: Kebiasaan cuci tangan merupakan salah satu Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) sebagai upaya untuk menjaga kesehatan agar terhindar dari berbagai penyakit. Tujuan dari program pengabdian masyakat ini yaitu untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat mengenai cara mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar sesuai anjuran World Health Organization (WHO). Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 23 Juni 2020 di Desa Tibang, Kecamatan Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh. Sasaran dari Program ini yaitu Masyarakat Desa Tibang yang berjumlah 40 orang dengan kisaran usia 30-70 Tahun terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pelaksanaannya yaitu menggunakan metode ceramah, demonstrasi dan tanya jawab. Secara keseluruhan hasil dari program kegiatan masyarakat ini berjalan dengan lancar, kondusif, dan sesuai prosedur. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat Desa Tibang mengenai pentingnya cara mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar sesuai aturan WHO dan diharapkan kegiatan ini juga dapat membantu salah satu Agenda Pemerintah dalam mengurangi penularan wabah COVID-19 di daerah Aceh.