bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trastuzumab holds potential to accelerate spontaneous sensory reinnervation after free flap breast reconstruction: a proof of concept
Authors: Leskovar Jana , Petrovečki Marko , Bulić Krešimir
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Breast sensation following autologous breast reconstruction impacts patients’ quality of life. Although spontaneous reinnervation in free flaps was documented by many authors, there are efforts to further improve restoration of breast sensation. Interestingly, animal studies indicated that trastuzumab has several beneficial effects on transected peripheral nerves. Our aim was to compare spontaneous sensory recovery after free TRAM flap breast reconstruction between patients who were and were not treated with trastuzumab.

Methods

The study included 14 subjects who underwent tactile sensation examination in 5-year period after noninnervated free muscle-sparing TRAM flap breast reconstruction at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia. Small and large flap skin islands and contralateral healthy breasts were tested with Semmes-Weinstein type monofilaments. Three sensory scores were created to more accurately compare breast sensation.

Results

In subjects receiving trastuzumab, sensory recovery earlier extended to at least four of five large skin island regions and was always present in the central flap area in comparison with subjects who were not administered trastuzumab (p=0.0476). As indicated by total sensory scores, trastuzumab-treated subjects restored sensation better resembling healthy control breasts (54 vs. 39 % in large skin islands; 95 vs. 71 % in small skin islands).

Conclusions

To the authors’ knowledge, the current study for the first time demonstrated trastuzumab’s potential to improve sensory outcomes in human. Our results support the strategy that accelerated nerve regeneration is a key to more successful reinnervation. HER2 and EGFR inhibitors emerge as new candidates for pharmacological interventions in peripheral nerve injury treatment.
Ileal free flap for hypopharynx reconstruction – case series
Authors: Tintinago-Londoño Luis Fernando , Candelo Estephania , Guzmán Tania , Victoria-Morales William
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Reconstructing the hypopharynx while preserving the larynx poses a complex surgical challenge due to the limited space and the high position of the hypopharynx in the neck. We present our experience with hypopharyngeal reconstruction and larynx preservation using an ileal free flap.

Case presentation

Six consecutive cases were reported (age range 17–75; 2 females). Indications for surgery were tumor excision, postexcision flap failure, postradiation stenosis, caustic ingestion injury, and cervical esophageal perforation. The larynx was preserved in four cases. Graft survival rate was 100 %. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies conducted at postoperative day 20–80 were normal in three cases. Two cases presented with stenosis but responded well to endoscopic dilations. Unfortunately, the third case expired due to tumor recurrence.

Conclusions

The ileal free flap is a surgical alternative for the reconstruction of the hypopharynx, especially in cases where the larynx is preserved.
Association between aerobic performance and physiological responses in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, and the futsal-specific intermittent endurance test in trained futsal players
Authors: Parnow Abdolhossein , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh , Mohr Magni , Bagchi Sovan , Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to delineate associations between the performance and physiological responses to the Bruce test with two field tests, the futsal intermittent endurance test (FIET) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level-2 (YYIR2) in elite male futsal players, in order to endorse one of field test to futsal coaches.

Methods

Fifteen elite futsal players (age 20 ± 3 years) have been participated in this study. Main outcome measurements included aerobic power, heart rate, blood lactate, ventilation, VO2, VCO2, VE-VO2, and VE-VCO2 indicators during FIET, YYIR2, and the Bruce test with carrying out a portable gas analyzer.

Results

The Bruce test is significantly correlated with FIET and YYIR2 with respect to key outcome measures, including performance (r>0.59), aerobic power (r>0.69), heart rate (r>0.80), and blood lactate levels (r>0.60). The two field tests, FIET and YYIR2, were found to exhibit strong to perfect interrelationships. When examining the indicators such as VE, VO2, VCO2, VE-VO2, and VE-VCO2, moderate to strong correlations were identified across all three testing methods. However, the relationship between the Bruce test and YYIR2 was particularly noteworthy in terms of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and metabolic equivalent of task (METS), showing a significant correlation.

Conclusions

The YYIR2 and FIET appear to be valid practical field tests for measuring aerobic fitness and performance in competitive male futsal players.
System theory safety analysis of network malfunction in nuclear power plant distributed control systems
Authors: Beini Xiong , Jieling Wang , Yichun Wu , Jiayan Fang
Published: July 2024

A secure and highly reliable communication network is a crucial component of the distributed control system (DCS) in nuclear power plants (NPPs), particularly for the protection system. However, there have been numerous reported cases of cyber-attacks in the field of nuclear power, and the cybersecurity threats faced by a DCS are increasing. Given that the DCS is a complex integrated system combining computers, communication, and control with a large number of interactions between components and external interferences, traditional linear safety analysis methods fail to meet its requirements. To minimize cybersecurity accidents caused by potential vulnerabilities, it is necessary to conduct systematic safety analysis on DCS cybersecurity accidents in NPPs. Therefore, this paper selected a specific case of cybersecurity accidents in a NPP for abstract modeling and reproduction. The causal analysis based on system theory (CAST) method was applied to conduct an analysis of the accident causes. It can identify existing vulnerabilities and potential factors impacting the safe operation of NPPs, and countermeasures and recommendations can be proposed. The reference for assessing potential risks and devising solutions can be provided for other DCS communication networks.
A detection and defense security system design for nuclear waste storage against stealth terrorists attack
Authors: Wadoud Amir A. , Alhawsawi Abdulsalam M. , Ghandourah Emad , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A.E.
Published: July 2024

The physical protection system (PPS) is one of the main systems used in nuclear facilities to protect these facilities from terrorist attacks, the possibility of bombing, sabotage, and theft. Installation of a security system for nuclear waste stores from the outside is necessary and very important for early detection and physiological deterrence greater than the internal security system. From this perspective, this work provides a solution for the protection of nuclear waste stores, which means detection and defense systems. This paper introduces an advanced security system and proposes a design for a detection and defense security system for nuclear waste storage against stealth terrorist attacks. The security system that is being suggested will have smart camera surveillance system, electric chock system, intense flashlight barrier, high-intensity sound barriers, and dual-side infrared rays. Three consecutive processes – detection, deterrence, and defense – will be operated around the building of the waste storage. The concept may be implemented by establishing an early detection system to detect any intrusion by terrorist attackers through a protected area surrounded by storage. The following step is deterring the attackers from completing their mission by installing advanced deterrence system and putting delay components along the path of their attack on the waste storage to complicate the mission. Then the defense system is operating to stop terrorist progress. Finally, the work make an evaluation process of the overall security system which has been designed by using EASI program to verify the accepted level of physical protection, maintain the validity and updates of security system components, and follow procedures, rules and requirements of the nuclear regulatory authority at the national level and meet the international IAEA concept and recommendations.
Nonlinear mid-infrared meta-membranes
Authors: Sartorello Giovanni , Bocanegra Joshua , Knez David , Lukin Daniil M. , Yang Joshua , Vučković Jelena , Fishman Dmitry A. , Shvets Gennady , Shcherbakov Maxim R.
Published: July 2024

Nanophotonic structures have shown promising routes to controlling and enhancing nonlinear optical processes at the nanoscale. However, most nonlinear nanostructures require a handling substrate, reducing their application scope. Due to the underwhelming heat dissipation, it has been a challenge to evaluate the nonlinear optical properties of free-standing nanostructures. Here, we overcome this challenge by performing shot-controlled fifth harmonic generation (FHG) measurements on a SiC meta-membrane – a free-standing transmission metasurface with pronounced optical resonances in the mid-infrared (λ
res ≈ 4,000 nm). Back focal plane imaging of the FHG diffraction orders and rigorous finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal at least two orders of magnitude enhancement of the FHG from the meta-membrane, compared to the unstructured SiC film of the same thickness. Single-shot measurements of the meta-membrane with varying resonance positions reveal an unusual spectral behavior that we explain with Kerr-driven intensity-dependent resonance dynamics. This work paves the way for novel substrate-less nanophotonic architectures.
CMOS-compatible, AlScN-based integrated electro-optic phase shifter
Authors: Yoshioka Valerie , Jin Jicheng , Zhou Haiqi , Tang Zichen , Olsson III Roy H. , Zhen Bo
Published: July 2024

Commercial production of integrated photonic devices is limited by scalability of desirable material platforms. We explore a relatively new photonic material, AlScN, for its use in electro-optic phase shifting and modulation. Its CMOS-compatibility could facilitate large-scale production of integrated photonic modulators, and it exhibits an enhanced second-order optical nonlinearity compared to intrinsic AlN, indicating the possibility for efficient modulation. Here, we measure the electro-optic effect in Al0.80Sc0.20N-based phase shifters. We utilized the TM0 mode, allowing use of the r
33 electro-optic coefficient, and demonstrated V

π

L around 750 V cm. Since the electro-optic response is smaller than expected, we discuss potential causes for the reduced response and future outlook for AlScN-based photonics.
Dual-band complex-amplitude metasurface empowered high security cryptography with ultra-massive encodable patterns
Authors: Gu Zhen , Xie Rensheng , Liu Haoyang , Liu Yiting , Wang Xiong , Zhang Hualiang , Gao Jianjun , Si Liming , Chen Shuqi , Ding Jun
Published: July 2024

The significance of a cryptograph method lies in its ability to provide high fidelity, high security, and large capacity. The emergence of metasurface-empowered cryptography offers a promising alternative due to its unparalleled wavefront modulation capabilities and easy integration with traditional schemes. However, the majority of reported strategies suffer from limited capacity as a result of restricted independent information channels. In this study, we present a novel method of cryptography that utilizes a dual-band complex-amplitude meta-hologram. The method allows for the encoding of 225 different patterns by combining a modified visual secret-sharing scheme (VSS) and a one-time-pad private key. The use of complex-amplitude modulation and the modified VSS enhances the quality and fidelity of the decrypted results. Moreover, the transmission of the private key through a separate mechanism can greatly heighten the security, and different patterns can be generated simply by altering the private key. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we design, fabricate, and characterize a meta-hologram prototype. The measured results are in good agreement with the numerical ones and the design objectives. Our proposed strategy offers high security, ultra-capacity, and high fidelity, making it highly promising for applications in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
Something to talk about; crosstalk disruption at the neurovascular unit during HIV infection of the CNS
Authors: Galpayage Dona Kalpani N. Udeni , Benmassaoud Mohammed M. , Gipson Cassandra D. , McLaughlin Jay P. , Ramirez Servio H. , Andrews Allison M.
Published: July 2024

Although treatable with antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection persists in people living with HIV (PLWH). It is well known that the HIV virus finds refuge in places for which antiretroviral medications do not reach therapeutic levels, mainly the CNS. It is clear that as PLWH age, the likelihood of developing HIV-associated neurological deficits increases. At the biochemical level neurological dysfunction is the manifestation of altered cellular function and ineffective intercellular communication. In this review, we examine how intercellular signaling in the brain is disrupted in the context of HIV. Specifically, the concept of how the blood-brain barrier can be a convergence point for crosstalk, is explored. Crosstalk between the cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) (endothelium, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia and neurons) is critical for maintaining proper brain function. In fact, the NVU allows for rapid matching of neuronal metabolic needs, regulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dynamics for nutrient transport and changes to the level of immunosurveillance. This review invites the reader to conceptually consider the BBB as a router or convergence point for NVU crosstalk, to facilitate a better understanding of the intricate signaling events that underpin the function of the NVU during HIV associated neuropathology.
Sedation with midazolam in the NICU: implications on neurodevelopment
Authors: Nguyen Nghi M. , Pendyala Gurudutt
Published: July 2024

The developing brain, particularly in premature infants, is highly susceptible to environmental and pharmacological influences. Premature neonates often require prolonged stays in the NICU, where midazolam (MDZ), a benzodiazepine, is commonly used as a sedative, despite concerns raised by the FDA in 2016 regarding its potential neurological complications in infants. Understanding the long-term effects of MDZ on these vulnerable patients is hindered by ethical considerations and limited research. This review emphasizes the vulnerability of premature infants to sedation and anesthesia and outlines how early exposure to MDZ can impact brain development at both molecular and behavioral levels, drawing from clinical and preclinical data. Additionally, we highlighted existing knowledge gaps and suggested avenues for further research to better comprehend the enduring consequences of MDZ exposure on neurodevelopment in this population.
III. Dis Manibus. Zum römischen Grabrecht
Authors: Babusiaux Ulrike
Published: July 2024

The Roman law of burial can be reconstructed not only from the legal sources, but also from the numerous funerary inscriptions that have been found in the city of Rome. Doing so requires resolving various inconsistencies between the two groups of sources. The main conflict stems from the categorisation of the tomb as a res religiosa in the legal sources, while the inscriptions seem to allow the transfer of the ius sepulchri through transactions and wills. Furthermore, the legal nature of the funerary inscriptions for qualifying a tomb and establishing burial rights needs to be clarified. Contrary to a scholarly opinion, the inscriptions themselves do not constitute the burial order. Instead, they merely reproduce parts of the underlying legal transactions that were used to establish the order of the tomb and the burial rights associated with it. Against this background, an analysis of the well-known distinction between sepulchra hereditaria and sepulchra familiaria provides for new insights into the design and the limits of the grave founder’s dispositions. In sum, the thorough comparison of the epigraphic and the legal material demonstrates the reliability of the funerary inscriptions for the legal analysis of Roman burial law.
IV. Depositum/παρακαταθήκη und Vertrag zugunsten Dritter. Zu D. 32,37,5–6 (Scaev. 18 dig.) und C. 3,42,8 (Diocl.; a. 293)
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

D. 32,37,5 contains a testamentary disposition in Greek in which the testator refers to a deposit of 15.000 denarii. It was agreed that the testator (depositee) should pay the sum of money received from the depositor, together with interest, to a third party upon coming of age. The article seeks to show that the testator and the other persons involved are Romans and that the beneficiary third party received a fideicommissum. The fragment has nothing to do with a contract in favour of a third party. D. 32,37,6 is about the attempt of a Roman woman to circumvent the lack of testamenti factio of a beneficiary by renaming a testamentary donation. There is no substantive connection between § 5 and § 6. The rescript of the chancery of Diocletian in C. 3,42,8 (a. 293) cannot serve as evidence for the admission of a contract in favour of a third party. It was changed by the second Codex commission, as the reproduction of the version in the Codex Iustinianus’ 1st ed. in the index of Thalelaios shows. The actio utilis granted to the third at the end is an addition of the second Codex commission. In its original content, the constitution, in accordance with the principles of Roman law, did not grant the third party an action arising from an agreement in his favour.
V. Textkritische Bemerkungen zu D. 47,10,15,15 (Ulp. [77] <57> ed.)
Authors: Ehmer Matthias
Published: July 2024

While the older scholarship modified the last sentence of our text by logical reasons, the reinforced textual conservatism of the last decades led to full confidence in the text handed down in the Florentina, so they tried to solve contradictions by interpretation. The following remarks try to confirm this confidence as unjustified. Based on thoughts on the meaning of praetextatus and materfamilias in the sense of the commented edict ‘de adtemptata pudicitia’ and its telos to punish the degredation of the victim’s honour (contumelia), the first two sentences give indeed a coherent explanation of the edict’s scope. The last one however contains based on today’s prevailing interpretations neither something new nor any conclusion, but only a summary. If we assume instead – as indicated by the Eastern Roman tradition – a partial dittography in the Florentina and apply the original acceptation of habitus as behaviour, the last sentence explains the edict only to require appropriate behaviour and not appropriate dress.
Politikoi Nomoi Again
Authors: Yiftach Uri
Published: July 2024

The following paper studies the much-debated term politikoi nomoi (‘civil laws’), as recorded in P.Gur. 2.44–45 = Sel.Pap. II 256 = CPJ I 19 (226 BCE, Crocodilopolis). The term is used here in the context of a diagramma, which allows the consideration in court of the politikoi nomoi – a body of law subsidiary to royal legislation, applicable whenever matter at dispute is not addressed by the latter. I argue that the term is used here for the designation of city laws of Alexandria. In P.Gur. 2, in a case heard by Greek dikasts outside Alexandria, the diagramma is introduced in order to allow one of the litigants to draw upon the Alexandrian dikê erêmos. However, it is quite plausible that in its original context of conception, the diagramma was meant to serve as guideline in Alexandrian courts of law only, not elsewhere in Egypt. Its usurpation, and ultimate admission by non-Alexandrian dikasts is indicative of the proliferation of Alexandrian laws and regulations in Ptolemaic Egypt at large.
Zur Konzeption des neuen Handbuchs des Römischen Privatrechts
Authors: Babusiaux Ulrike , Meissel Franz-Stefan
Published: July 2024

After ten years of preparation, the “Handbuch des Römischen Privatrechts” was published in 2023. Two of the co-editors explain the origin, the objectives, and the structure of the work and provide information on the progress and the challenges of the project. The footnotes contain a link to corrigenda to the index of sources.
ENCONTRO CONSIGO E COM O OUTRO: TECENDO SUBJETIVIDADES EM NARRATIVAS DE UMA PESQUISAFORMAÇÃO NA PANDEMIA
Authors: Morais Joelson de Sousa , Bragança Inês Ferreira de Souza
Published: July 2024

O presente texto tem como objetivo refletir acerca das potencialidades da produção de subjetividades tecidas em narrativas (auto)biográficas do encontro consigo e com o outro, no contexto de uma pesquisaformação, em período de pandemia. Configura-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como um relato de experiência, na qual traz narrativas (auto)biográficas de 05 (cinco) sujeitos, que participaram dos encontros virtuais de um ciclo de estudos criado na pandemia e compartilharam coletivamente suas narrativas (auto)biográficas dos percursos trilhados, evocando memórias, histórias e reflexões de si, das leituras realizadas e dos tantos outros aspectos contemplados durante os encontros que os fizeram lembrar, mediados por afetos, emoções e subjetividades contemplados na narração. Os dispositivos metodológicos materializados nos encontros do ciclo de estudos, e com os quais foi possível ter acesso às fontes narrativas, foram:  diário de pesquisa, narrativas escritas e memórias (auto)biográficas. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram a potencialidade do gênero da narrativa escrita efetuando-se como uma tessitura de subjetividades que foi desbravando um universo simbólico-existencial do sujeito, ao descobrir-se em produções de si, revelando marcas do ser, fazer-se e estar na vida, profissão e formação que estavam tecendo cotidianamente. Portanto, as narrativas se caracterizam como uma linguagem fundamental para instituir um processo de significação da vida e da realidade em que está imerso o sujeito.
SOĞUK PLAZMA TEKNOLOJİSİNİN MEYVE, SEBZE, ET, TAVUK VE SU ÜRÜNLERİNDEKİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Özdemir Murat , Şengül Alpaslan Kerem , Bulamacı Bartu , Taşdemir Berke
Published: July 2024

Tüketiciler kimyasal maddeler içeren ve ısıl olarak işlenmiş gıdaların yerine koruyucu içermeyen ve ısıl işlem uygulanmamış gıdaları talep etmektedir. Tüketicilerin bu isteklerini karşılamak için ısıl olmayan alternatif gıda işleme teknolojileri geliştirilmiş ancak, bu teknolojilerin etkinliği gıda kaynaklı mikroorganizmaların dirençli sporlar oluşturması ve toksin üretmesi nedeniyle sınırlı kalmaktadır. Yeni bir teknoloji olan soğuk plazma, özellikle gıda kaynaklı mikroorganizmaların ve sporların inaktivasyonunda ümit vadeden bir teknoloji olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Soğuk plazma teknolojisi, çok yönlü, etkin, ekonomik, kalıntı bırakmayan ve çevre dostu bir yöntem olması nedeniyle mikrobiyal inaktivasyon için konvansiyonel gıda işleme teknolojilerine göre önemli avantajlar da sağlamaktadır. Soğuk plazma teknolojisi ile gıdaların mikrobiyal yükü azaltılabilmekte, kaliteleri korunabilmekte ve raf ömürleri uzatılabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında soğuk plazma teknolojisi, soğuk plazma üretim yöntemleri, soğuk plazmanın mekanizması ile meyve, sebze, et, tavuk ve su ürünlerindeki mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.
Glucose metabolism disorder related to follicular fluid exosomal miR-122-5p in cumulus cells of endometriosis patients
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Li Kaiquan , Gao Liusijie , Zhu Peipei , Shu Li , Cai Lingbo , Diao Feiyang , Mao Yundong
Published: July 2024

In Brief

Elevated expression of miR-122-5p in exosomes in the follicular fluid of patients with endometriosis impairs glucose metabolism in cumulus cells and may further impair oocyte quality.

Endometriosis (EMs) affects fertility in women of childbearing age in many ways. The underlying mechanisms, including the decrease in oocyte quality, require further investigation. Exosomes, small vesicles responsible for intercellular information exchange, have been found to be involved in many biological events, including follicle development and oocyte meiosis recovery. From the perspective of follicular fluid exosomes, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in EMs-related oocyte quality decline. Follicular fluid was collected from three groups of women: the untreated EMs group (EMs_UT), the satisfactorily treated EMs group (EMs_ST), and the control group (Ctrl). Mouse cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were co-cultured with exosomes extracted from follicular fluid during in vitro maturation. Oocyte quality and cumulus cell function were assessed. High-throughput sequencing of miRNA in exosomes was conducted. The function of differentially expressed miRNAs was studied by using SVOG human ovarian granulosa cells transfected with an miRNA mimic and inhibitor. It was found that the follicular fluid exosomes from patients with untreated EMs reduced both the rate of maturation and the quality of mouse oocytes. Overexpression of miR-122-5p in untreated EMs inhibited the translation of key aldolase enzymes related to glucose metabolism and partly impaired glucose metabolism in the cumulus cells of patients with endometriosis. miR-122-5p was also observed to reduce proliferation and increase apoptosis after cell transfection with an miR-122-5p mimic and inhibitor. Further experiments are needed to determine whether there are additional small molecules in the follicular fluid of patients with endometriosis that could be involved in damaging oocyte quality and to identify where harmful substances in follicular fluid exosomes are loaded.
A proposed model of a clock that governs the length of human pregnancy
Authors: Rosen Todd , Wang Bingbing
Published: July 2024

In Brief

The mechanisms that determine the length of pregnancy remain undetermined. Here, we review what has been previously published on the topic and incorporate new data to describe a molecular model in which placental stress and fetal signaling ultimately lead to labor onset in uncomplicated pregnancies.

The mechanisms that govern the length of human pregnancy have not been determined, while preterm birth remains the leading cause of death and disability in newborns worldwide. Here, we review recent data to generate a novel hypothesis about how the pregnancy clock may function to initiate human labor in uncomplicated pregnancies. In this model, placental stress induced by the growing fetus drives placental production of NFKB, which is then activated by exosomes containing platelet-activating factor and complement 4-binding protein-A from the mature fetus, to drive pro-labor genes in the placenta. A better understanding of the clock that triggers labor may lead to new, more effective therapies to prevent spontaneous preterm birth.
Desarrollo de habilidades en la primera infancia: una mirada desde la neuroeducación
Authors: Silva Monsalve Alexandra María , Rodríguez Ibáñez Fredy Leonardo
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo se orienta como una reflexión en la relación entre el desarrollo de habilidades en la primera infancia y las neurociencias en el contexto educativo, teniendo en cuenta que en la primera infancia se produce el desarrollo de habilidades de tipo cognitivo, socioemocional, físicas, del lenguaje y el habla. Al respecto, se propone una reflexión teórica, que se abordará por medio de una serie de preguntas que se proyectan como una guía para los lectores interesados en el tema.
El sistema de puntos: una alternativa de evaluación en la educación posgradual
Authors: Ramírez Téllez Alberto , Toro González Carlos Mario , Fonseca Ortiz Lina María , Muñoz Buitrago Darwin Arturo
Published: July 2024

La evaluación en la educación posgradual parece un asunto que ya se da por sentado y del cual no se reflexiona muy a menudo. Cada programa de posgrado y de manera autónoma cada docente configura su manera de realizarla, incluyendo allí los elementos que considera le dan validez a su proceso y desde los cuales puede dar cuenta del alcance del mismo en términos de resultados de aprendizaje para sus estudiantes. Sin embargo, los retos a los cuales se ve hoy enfrentado el docente, en relación con los fenómenos histórico-sociales, con los medios masivos de comunicación y las nuevas tecnologías que generan cambios de manera constante y muy rápida, así como la forma como concebimos al mundo, al mismo ser humano y su relación con el entorno, se convierten en desafíos que impactan a las instituciones de educación superior y que no se pueden desconocer en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y en la comprensión sobre la práctica pedagógica del docente de hoy (Fonseca Ortiz y Corrales Mejía, 2019).
Es por ello que ante los nuevos desafíos que los docentes de los programas de posgrado deben enfrentar, ya sea en términos de contexto, como de políticas educativas y propuestas institucionales como los denominados resultados de aprendizaje, conviene reflexionar sobre los sistemas de evaluación y calificación desde los cuales se puede responder con mayor eficacia a estos retos en el ámbito de los posgrados para fortalecer nuestras habilidades y conocimientos en evaluación (Sánchez Mendiola, 2018).
Emprendimiento para el fortalecimiento del empoderamiento femenino: propuesta interventiva rural
Authors: Cifuentes Carranza Laura Alejandra , Garzón Medina Carolina , Forero Molina Sara Catalina
Published: July 2024

La violencia doméstica hacia la mujer rural se ha constituido como un fenómeno sociocultural que se ha presentado con alta frecuencia en el territorio colombiano, específicamente en los contextos más vulnerables, como es el campo. Por tal motivo, es necesario atender a esta problemática que incide en aspectos de salud, educación, trabajo, relaciones interpersonales e intrapersonales. A este respecto, el objetivo del presente artículo es diseñar un programa de emprendimiento para el fortalecimiento del empoderamiento femenino rural como alternativa para combatir algunas de las vulnerabilidades a las que las mujeres se ven expuestas. En ese sentido, el diseño del programa se encuentra en línea con el proyecto de vida y se soporta en dos modelos: 1) el de empoderamiento socioeconómico con enfoque de género; y 2) el de gestión para el empoderamiento económico de las mujeres rurales emprendedoras, los cuales dieron lugar a tres módulos que trabajan competencias de liderazgo, habilidades comunicativas y empresariales.
Teología del perdón, un acercamiento al proceso de reconciliación entre los seres humanos que han sido victimizados y sus victimarios
Authors: Rivera Gómez Andrés Felipe
Published: July 2024

La oscuridad no puede expulsar a la oscuridad; sólo la luz puede hacerlo. El odio no puede expulsar al odio; sólo el amor puede hacer eso.
Martin Luther King
 
La violencia en Colombia ha generado la pérdida de la dignidad entre víctimas y victimarios, lo cual ensancha más el tema del conflicto en este país. Dado esto, es fundamental que la teología se acerque más a dicha realidad a partir de la teología del perdón, enfoque que puede propiciar, a partir de la experiencia con Jesucristo, una restauración para la víctima y el victimario, teniendo presente que a la primera, el perdón le permite una liberación del yugo del odio y la venganza y, en cuanto al segundo, el reconocimiento del daño cometido es el paso que le puede acercar al perdón por parte de su víctima, la cual le puede ayudar a restaurar su naturaleza humana lastimada. El victimario experimenta, así, el regreso a la casa del “Padre”; y la víctima puede reconocer en su vida la presencia del Cristo resucitado, al optar por el perdón en lugar de una “revancha” con quien habría sido su opresor.
Enfoques interdisciplinarios y transdisciplinarios en la formación posgradual
Authors: Jiménez Karen Lorena , Triana-Moreno Diana
Published: July 2024

La formación posgradual, desde su aparición en las universidades a comienzo de siglo XX, tuvo como objetivo la especialización en campos y áreas al interior de las disciplinas. Esa ha sido la tendencia, pero dentro de los contextos contemporáneos parece presentar algunos obstáculos, en la medida en que se ha reconocido que, para solucionar los problemas globales, se requiere abordajes simultáneos desde diversas perspectivas.
Reinhold's "letters on kantian philosophy": their significance for Kant and german philosophy
Authors: SEKUNDANT Sergii
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted primarily to the analysis of Reinhold’s Letters on Kantian Philosophy, published in the “Der Teutsche Merkur” (German Mercury) 1786-1787. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal the peculiarities of Reinhold’s interpretation of Kant’s philosophy, as well as the possibility of the influence of these letters on Kant's practical philosophy and the further development of German idealism in general. To more clearly define Reinhold's own position, the article turns to Reinhold's early works, written before Letters, as well as to the 1790 and 1923 editions of the Letters. Particular respect is given to three topics that are closely related to each other: “Why did Reinhold’s Letters bring fame to Kant?”, “To what extent was Reinhold an independent philosopher?” і “What kind of infusion did his Letters make into the development of Kant’s philosophy and German idealism?” The article proves that before 1786, Reinhold had, in general terms, formed a program for the reform of philosophy, which was critical in its nature and had a clearly expressed practical focus. However, Reinhold's criticism was closer to the criticism of the eclectics and Leibniz than of Kant: it was aimed at overcoming the limitations of the original points of view and assumed a deep knowledge of the history of philosophy. The main reason for the popularity of Reinhold’s Letters lies in his idea of the “scientific revolution” in Germany, which should have become an alternative to social revolutions in other countries of Europe. Formed in “pre-revolutionary” articles, this idea received its justification in the second edition of the Letters. It was the nationalist idea of transforming the Germans into a “nation of scientists”, that became the reason for the rise of national consciousness in Germany and attracted “thinking youth” to it Reinhold's program for the reform of all philosophical sciences from a generally valid point of view gave impetus and largely determined the further development of German classical philosophy: not only Fichte, but also Schelling and Hegel relied primarily on his program. The first edition of his Letters largely determined the main themes of the Critique of Practical Reason, and the second - the Metaphysics of Morals. The second edition inspired Kant to develop a system of criticism and the basic ideas of Kant’s philosophy of law.
Concept of ressentiment by Max Scheler and its contemporary relevance
Authors: KEBULADZE Vakhtang
Published: July 2024

The article deals with Max Scheler's philosophical concept of ressentiment. In “Ressentiment in the Structure of Morals”, he uses Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of "ressentiment" to describe an important negative phenomenon in modern moral and culture in general. The article shows that Max Scheler's descriptive method organically grows out of the phenomenological philosophy of Edmund Husserl and at the same time imitates some specific features of Wilhelm Diltai's descriptive and analytical psychology. On the basis of this methodological approach, Max Scheler does not explain ressentiment and does not give a clear definition of this concept, but instead reproduces its formation in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and describes the phenomenon of ressentiment. Using the descriptive method, Scheler concludes that ressentiment is related to the desire for revenge and feelings of powerlessness. He also describes the different dimensions of ressentiment, which can be formulated as follows: Kinship and sexual dimension. Age dimension. Professional dimension. Class dimension. There is also noted in the article that Scheler demonstrates national ressentiment rather than critically analyzes it. This circumstance to some extent brings to light the Zeitgeist, i.e. the spirit of time, when authoritarian and totalitarian ideologies and regimes such as Russian Bolshevism and German Nazism were formed, being undoubtedly feed by the destructive energy of resentment. The author of the article also discovers a connection between Scheler's concept of ressentiment and Freud's concept of suppression. The study shows how, on the theoretical basis of Max Scheler's concept of ressentment, it is possible to critically deconstruct not only such historical manifestations of ressentiment as Bolshevism and Nazism, but also some dangerous and destructive trends in the modern world, namely the ideology of the "Russian world" (“Russkii mir”).
Beyond the Question: Reexamining a Parent’s Unusual Request
Authors: Callahan Katharine P. , Narva Aliza , Stoller Jason Z. , Fiester Autumn
Published: July 2024

Pediatricians sometimes think about medical ethics as the field of determining right and wrong in in answering difficult moral questions that occur at the bedside. But an emphasis on rapidly determining right and wrong when faced with ethical dilemmas can lead clinicians to miss important issues underlying both the question and their approach to answering it. We argue that ethical reflection is not merely a process of getting to the right answer but also a way to probe beyond the original question to better understand the stakeholders’ perspectives and priorities. In this Ethics Rounds, we present the case of an infant born at 23 weeks’ gestation who initially faced numerous complications of prematurity, but has progressed beyond acute critical illness. His father requests a transition to palliative care at a point this option would not typically be offered. The straightforward response to this father’s request is “no.” However, we reexamine the father’s request from the perspective of a neonatologist, a clinical ethicist, and a conflict mediator. Why is the father making this request? Why do clinicians feel rushed to respond? The authors discuss how elements of surprise and implicit biases can push clinicians to hasty answers. We introduce tools used in clinical ethics consultation and conflict mediation that can facilitate alternative responses from the clinical team. Employing the “Ladder of Inference,” ascertaining the “View from Everywhere,” and differentiating positions from interests can help clinicians explore the context of ethical questions and lead to more fruitful resolutions.
O protagonismo do Estado ampliado (capitalista-neoextrativista minerário)
Authors: Barbosa Fontes Renato
Published: July 2024

Este artigo ocupa-se de um debate sobre o neoextrativismo minerário em Minas Gerais, a partir de dois aspectos: o primeiro relaciona-se ao Estado e sua relação com o capital minerário e o direcionamento de (des)regulações recentes em benefício das mineradoras; o segundo relaciona-se as empresas minerárias e sua inserção nas sociedades civis no plano local, tendo como caso a AngloGold Ashanti. As atividades de responsabilidade social ou de investimento social privado nos territórios minerados são aqui entendidas como ampliação de sua hegemonia e de (re)organização de interesses e apaziguamento de resistências. Para tanto, o artigo se sustenta nos conceitos de hegemonia e Estado ampliado de Antonio Gramsci, no uso de uma pesquisa documental e de marcos legais, sem deixar de localizar o neoextrativismo no contexto do Estado brasileiro.
Para Além da Rotina: a Dimensão Política no Trabalho de Assistentes Sociais e sua indissociabilidade com o Projeto Ético-Político e da Direção Social da categoria profissional
Authors: Pintos de Oliveira Eliane , Reidel Tatiana
Published: July 2024

Este artigo mostra resultados de pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica realizada com assistentes sociais. Buscou-se saber a respeito das apreensões desses profissionais sobre a dimensão política do trabalho. Os dados coletados, junto à categoria profissional, são mediados pela análise teórica. Deu-se visibilidade a mesma, por meio da evidência do perfil dos profissionais, suas apreensões acerca desta dimensão e os principais desafios para a efetivação da dimensão política no trabalho, sob o horizonte do Projeto Ético-Político do Serviço Social. Como resultado, observou-se fragilidade na apreensão dos profissionais. Além disso, constatou-se dificuldade em seus cotidianos profissionais, associada a um distanciamento da perspectiva crítica, o que aponta urgência de retomar a discussão da dimensão política do trabalho de assistentes sociais em tempos de ascensão neoconservadora, individualização, competição, imediatismo, flexibilização, precarização e regressão dos direitos da classe trabalhadora em um contexto ultraneoliberal.
Enhancing the performance of photovoltaic module using exhaust air from thermal comfort spaces
Authors: Alwan Hanaa L. , Al-Shohani Wisam A. M. , Ahmed Ahmed Q.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an experimental investigation using the exhaust air from the central air conditioning system as cooling air for the photovoltaic (PV) modules. Experimental tests were conducted under harsh outdoor weather conditions in Baghdad, Iraq, during the summer season, where the recorded ambient temperature was around 33°C to 47°C. In this study, the exhaust air was flowing in the back side of the PV module to reduce the operating temperature of the PV module and thus improve its performance and electrical efficiency. The results show that the temperature of the PV module decreased from 62.42°C to 47.42°C, the output voltage increased from 14.28 to 16.17 V, the generated electrical power increased from 80.39 to 87.89 W, and the electrical efficiency increased from 13.88% to 15.18%. Overall, the enhancement percentage of the PV temperature, voltage, power, and electrical efficiency is 23.7%, 13%, 9.33%, and 9.33%, respectively, compared with the PV module without cooling.
Recursos e Ferramentas Didáticas para o Ensino de Imunologia
Authors: De Souza Pio Willian Samuel , Da Silva Alves Janete Maria
Published: July 2024

Abordagens de ensino utilizando ferramentas de caráter lúdico vêm ganhando espaço no ensino de disciplinas complexas como a Imunologia. O presente estudo busca realizar um levantamento e uma revisão das ferramentas e dos materiais utilizados no ensino em Imunologia disponíveis em publicações científicas do período de 2014 a 2022, a partir de sites de livre acesso, tendo por objetivo oferecer aos docentes opções para desenvolver aulas atrativas e dinâmicas. Foram selecionadas 28 publicações, e após a leitura desse material, 34 ferramentas didáticas foram contabilizadas, dentre elas: softwares, Jogos Sérios (focados no ensino), modelos 3D, jogos de cartas e tabuleiro, animações e podcasts. Esse material foi organizado nas seguintes categorias: Ferramentas Virtuais, Ferramentas Físicas e Ferramentas Audiovisuais. Abordagens utilizando ferramentas alternativas de ensino vêm sendo implementadas cada vez mais no meio docente, apresentando ótimos resultados e servindo como complemento importante nas aulas expositivas tradicionais.
Intervention and amelioration effects in the acquisition of Spanish object relative clauses: the role of word order and DOM
Authors: Presotto Giacomo , Torregrossa Jacopo
Published: July 2024

In this study we tested the comprehension of Subject Relative Clauses (SRCs) and Object Relative Clauses (ORCs) by Spanish monolingual children aged 4-6. Our results provide novel evidence that a subject-object asymmetry holds true also for Spanish: SRCs are easier than ORCs. Moreover, the test of different types of ORCs revealed that both overt Differential Object Marking (DOM) and word order properties (i.e. the subject position within the relative clause) constitute ameliorating factors in the comprehension of ORCs. Children proved to benefit more from word order than DOM-marking, with pre-verbal subjects bringing about higher accuracy rates than overt DOM. Moreover, these cues interact when occurring together: children’s comprehension decreases when ORCs with a pre-verbal subject also feature overt DOM. We additionally measured children’s knowledge of the grammar underlying DOM through an ad-hoc Sentence Repetition Task and found that DOM constitutes an ameliorating cue only with children who have acquired it. At the empirical level, we integrate these findings with the vast literature on children’s comprehension of relative clauses and advance a new descriptive generalisation of which grammatical properties characterise as ameliorating cues across languages. At the conceptual level, we interpret our results as evidence for both processing-oriented theories and grammar-based accounts to intervention locality. Whereas the interaction between DOM and word order suggests an effect of processing cost, the fact that cues need to be associated with an acquired grammatical representation inevitably tie amelioration effects to language-specific factors. We show that this apparent contrast is predicted if amelioration effects are regulated at the interface between the grammar and the performance system, and argue in favour of an interface interpretation in line with tout court minimalist criteria.
The French Telemedicine System: Challenges, Procedures and Difficulties
Authors: Rousset Guillaume
Published: July 2024

In France, telemedicine has been developing rapidly for several years, in response to economic, technical and legal challenges. The aim of the article is to present the broad outlines of the system that has been put in place, from a number of angles. The first deals with the problems to which telemedicine is proposed as a response. These problems are essentially what are known as “medical deserts”. Telemedicine is presented as a tool for compensating for the absence or shortage of healthcare professionals in a given area. This system would then promote reliable access to healthcare for the population. While this is a laudable objective, a more detailed analysis casts doubt on whether this result will be achieved. The second angle of this reflection concerns the conditions and procedures for implementing telemedicine. This involves looking at the players involved in order to determine what type of person can be mobilized, in terms of both the type of healthcare professional involved and the type of patient concerned. It is also a question of determining where a telemedicine procedure should be carried out, which shows the diversity of possibilities: where can the booths be set up and, more generally, where should the patient be on this occasion? The third and final angle of this contribution deals with the question of the risks that the practice of telemedicine may generate for patients over and above the benefits that can be imagined.