bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOXF1 transcription factor promotes lung regeneration after partial pneumonectomy
Authors: Bolte Craig , Flood Hannah M. , Ren Xiaomeng , Jagannathan Sajjeev , Barski Artem , Kalin Tanya V. , Kalinichenko Vladimir V.
Published: August 2017

FOXF1, a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, has been previously shown to be critical for lung development, homeostasis, and injury responses. However, the role of FOXF1 in lung regeneration is unknown. Herein, we performed partial pneumonectomy, a model of lung regeneration, in mice lacking one Foxf1 allele in endothelial cells (PDGFb-iCre/Foxf1
fl/+ mice). Endothelial cell proliferation was significantly reduced in regenerating lungs from mice deficient for endothelial Foxf1. Decreased endothelial proliferation was associated with delayed lung regeneration as shown by reduced respiratory volume in Foxf1-deficient lungs. FACS-sorted endothelial cells isolated from regenerating PDGFb-iCre/Foxf1
fl/+ and control lungs were used for RNAseq analysis to identify FOXF1 target genes. Foxf1 deficiency altered expression of numerous genes including those regulating extracellular matrix remodeling (Timp3, Adamts9) and cell cycle progression (Cdkn1a, Cdkn2b, Cenpj, Tubb4a), which are critical for lung regeneration. Deletion of Foxf1 increased Timp3 mRNA and protein, decreasing MMP14 activity in regenerating lungs. ChIPseq analysis for FOXF1 and histone methylation marks identified DNA regulatory regions within the Cd44, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2b genes, indicating they are direct FOXF1 targets. Thus FOXF1 stimulates lung regeneration following partial pneumonectomy via direct transcriptional regulation of genes critical for extracellular matrix remodeling and cell cycle progression.
Identification of a p53 target, CD137L, that mediates growth suppression and immune response of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Tsuda Yusuke , Tanikawa Chizu , Miyamoto Takafumi , Hirata Makoto , Yodsurang Varalee , Zhang Yao-zhong , Imoto Seiya , Yamaguchi Rui , Miyano Satoru , Takayanagi Hiroshi , Kawano Hirotaka , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Tanaka Sakae , Matsuda Koichi
Published: August 2017

p53 encodes a transcription factor that transactivates downstream target genes involved in tumour suppression. Although osteosarcoma frequently has p53 mutations, the role of p53 in osteosarcomagenesis is not fully understood. To explore p53-target genes comprehensively in calvarial bone and find out novel druggable p53 target genes for osteosarcoma, we performed RNA sequencing using the calvarial bone and 23 other tissues from p53+/+ and p53−/− mice after radiation exposure. Of 23,813 genes, 69 genes were induced more than two-fold in irradiated p53+/+ calvarial bone, and 127 genes were repressed. Pathway analysis of the p53-induced genes showed that genes associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were enriched. Three genes, CD137L, CDC42 binding protein kinase gamma and Follistatin, were identified as novel direct p53 target genes that exhibited growth-suppressive effects on osteosarcoma cell lines. Of the three genes, costimulatory molecule Cd137l was induced only in calvarial bone among the 24 tissues tested. CD137L-expressing cells exhibited growth-suppressive effects in vivo. In addition, recombinant Fc-fusion Cd137l protein activated the immune response in vitro and suppressed osteosarcoma cell growth in vivo. We clarified the role of CD137L in osteosarcomagenesis and its potential therapeutic application. Our transcriptome analysis also indicated the regulation of the immune response through p53.
Revisiting myocardial necrosis biomarkers: assessment of the effect of conditioning therapies on infarct size by kinetic modelling
Authors: Ternant David , Ivanes Fabrice , Prunier Fabrice , Mewton Nathan , Bejan-Angoulvant Theodora , Paintaud Gilles , Ovize Michel , Angoulvant Denis
Published: August 2017

Infarct size is a major predictor of subsequent cardiovascular events following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is frequently used in clinical trials focused on cardioprotection. Approximately assessed through serial blood sampling, it can be accurately measured by imaging techniques, e.g. cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which is the actual gold standard for infarct size determination but with limited availability in daily practice. We developed a mathematical biomarker kinetic model based on pharmacokinetic compartment models to easily and accurately estimate infarct size using individual data from five clinical trials evaluating the impact of conditioning therapies in STEMI between 2005 and 2013. Serial blood sampling was available in all studies with data regarding creatine kinase (CK), CK specific of cardiomyocytes (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I. Our model allowed an accurate estimation of biomarker release as a surrogate marker of infarct size and a powerful assessment of conditioning treatments. This biomarker kinetic modelling approach identified CK-MB as the most accurate biomarker in determining infarct size and supports the development of limited sampling strategies that estimate total biomarker amount released with a lower number of samples. It will certainly be a useful add-on to future studies in the field of STEMI and cardioprotection.
Analysis and imaging of biocidal agrochemicals using ToF-SIMS
Authors: Converso Valerio , Fearn Sarah , Ware Ecaterina , McPhail David S. , Flemming Anthony J. , Bundy Jacob G.
Published: August 2017

ToF-SIMS has been increasingly widely used in recent years to look at biological matrices, in particular for biomedical research, although there is still a lot of development needed to maximise the value of this technique in the life sciences. The main issue for biological matrices is the complexity of the mass spectra and therefore the difficulty to specifically and precisely detect analytes in the biological sample. Here we evaluated the use of ToF-SIMS in the agrochemical field, which remains a largely unexplored area for this technique. We profiled a large number of biocidal active ingredients (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides); we then selected fludioxonil, a halogenated fungicide, as a model compound for more detailed study, including the effect of co-occurring biomolecules on detection limits. There was a wide range of sensitivity of the ToF-SIMS for the different active ingredient compounds, but fludioxonil was readily detected in real-world samples (wheat seeds coated with a commercial formulation). Fludioxonil did not penetrate the seed to any great depth, but was largely restricted to a layer coating the seed surface. ToF-SIMS has clear potential as a tool for not only detecting biocides in biological samples, but also mapping their distribution.
Controlled droplet microfluidic systems for multistep chemical and biological assays
Authors: Kaminski T. S. , Garstecki P.
Published: August 2017

Droplet microfluidics is a relatively new and rapidly evolving field of science focused on studying the hydrodynamics and properties of biphasic flows at the microscale, and on the development of systems for practical applications in chemistry, biology and materials science.
Direct conversion of syngas to aromatics
Authors: Yang Junhao , Pan Xiulian , Jiao Feng , Li Jian , Bao Xinhe
Published: August 2017

A composite catalyst combining the partially reducible ZnCrOx with zeolite ZSM-5 enables direct conversion of syngas to aromatics, with a selectivity to aromatics reaching 73.9% at a single pass CO conversion of 16.0%.
Photoswitchable molecules as key ingredients to drive systems away from the global thermodynamic minimum
Authors: Kathan Michael , Hecht Stefan
Published: August 2017

We highlight the unique features of photodynamic equilibria that drive chemical reactions and transport, structure formation and molecular motion.
Direct growth of graphene on rigid and flexible substrates: progress, applications, and challenges
Authors: Pham Viet Phuong , Jang Hyeon-Sik , Whang Dongmok , Choi Jae-Young
Published: August 2017

A review of various strategies, including transfer-free direct graphene growth on insulating substrates, which avoids the transfer processes that cause graphene defects, residues, tears and performance degradation in graphene-based functional devices. Applications and challenges of "direct growth of graphene'' in commercialization are discussed and addressed.
A room temperature reversible phase transition containing dielectric switching of a host–guest supramolecular metal–halide compound
Authors: Lu Yang , Hua Xiu-Ni , Liao Wei-Qiang , Gao Ji-Xing , Yin Zi
Published: August 2017

A host–guest supramolecular metal–halide compound undergoes a reversible phase transition, accompanied by distinct dielectric switching.
Efficient solar-driven electrochemical CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons and oxygenates
Authors: Gurudayal Gurudayal , Bullock James , Srankó Dávid F. , Towle Clarissa M. , Lum Yanwei , Hettick Mark , Scott M. C. , Javey Ali , Ager Joel
Published: August 2017

In a process analogous to natural photosynthesis, solar-driven reduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon and oxygenate products is demonstrated with an overall efficiency exceeding 5%.
Beverage waste derived biomaterials for tissue engineering
Authors: Yates M. , Ramos-Gomez M. , Civantos A. , Ramos V. , López-Lacomba J. L. , Sanz Casado J. V. , Lluis Tarterra J. , Fité Luis B. , Martin-Luengo M. A.
Published: August 2017

For the first time waste from the beverage manufacturing industry has been valorised as an in vivo tissue engineering scaffold.
A new selective route towards benzoic acid and derivatives from biomass-derived coumalic acid
Authors: Pfennig Toni , Carraher Jack M. , Chemburkar Ashwin , Johnson Robert L. , Anderson Austin T. , Tessonnier Jean-Philippe , Neurock Matthew , Shanks Brent H.
Published: August 2017

The selective production of aromatics from bio-based sources is an area of interest to expand the potential for greener alternatives to petroleum-derived chemicals.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG17 is an unfavourable prognostic factor and promotes cell proliferation by epigenetically silencing P57 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Zhonghua , Gu Shengying , Song Min , Yan Changsheng , Hui Bingqing , Ji Hao , Wang Jirong , Zhang Jianping , Wang Keming , Zhao Qinghong
Published: August 2017

The first report of potential mechanisms of IncRNA SNHG17 in CRC, prompting the development of IncRNA-directed diagnosis and treatments.
CarSite: identifying carbonylated sites of human proteins based on a one-sided selection resampling method
Authors: Zuo Yun , Jia Cang-Zhi
Published: August 2017

Protein carbonylation is one of the most important biomarkers of oxidative protein damage and such protein damage is linked to various diseases and aging.
Effect of film thickness on gas sensing properties of sprayed WO3 thin films
Authors: Godbole Rhushikesh , Godbole V. P. , Alegaonkar P. S. , Bhagwat Sunita
Published: August 2017

This study correlates thicknesses, morphology, electrical properties with gas-sensing capability of WO3 thin-film sensors which contributes to understanding of property-performance relationship.
Effect of heteroatom (S/Se) juggling in donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) fused systems: synthesis and electrochemical polymerization
Authors: Ghosh Sirina , Das Sarasija , Kumar Neha Rani , Agrawal Abhijeet R. , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: August 2017

Planarization of donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) systems through N-bridges with systematic alteration of S/Se atom(s) resulted in interesting fluorosolvatochromic molecules and their electrochemical polymers.
A simple one-pot synthesis of a Zn(O,S)/Ga2O3 nanocomposite photocatalyst for hydrogen production and 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Abdullah Hairus , Gultom Noto Susanto , Kuo Dong-Hau
Published: August 2017

Herein, we demonstrate the great photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of a noble metal-free Zn(O,S)/Ga2O3 heterojunction nanocomposite in ethanol solution and its application in 4-nitrophenol reduction.
Fe3O4–Ag2WO4: facile synthesis, characterization and visible light assisted photocatalytic activity
Authors: Rajamohan Satheesh , Kumaravel Vignesh , Muthuramalingam Rajarajan , Ayyadurai Suganthi , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed , Sub Kwak Byeong , Kang Misook , Sreekantan Srimala
Published: August 2017

Photo-generated charge carriers are effectively separated on a magnetic nano-composite (Fe3O4–Ag2WO4) surface under visible light irradiation.
Synthesis of 2-aminoBODIPYs by palladium catalysed amination
Authors: Alnoman Rua B. , Stachelek Patrycja , Knight Julian G. , Harriman Anthony , Waddell Paul G.
Published: August 2017

Palladium catalysed amination of a 2-iodoBODIPY with a range of anilines and a primary alkylamine has been used as the basis for a ‘switch-on’ fluorescence sensor for phosgene.
Dye-conjugated complementary lipophilic nucleosides as useful probes to study association processes by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
Authors: Mayoral M. J. , Camacho-García J. , Magdalena-Estirado E. , Blanco-Lomas M. , Fadaei E. , Montoro-García C. , Serrano-Molina D. , González-Rodríguez D.
Published: August 2017

Resonance energy transfer is used here to study the association and self-sorting events between lipophilic nucleosides in apolar aromatic solvents.
Copper matrix nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes or graphene
Authors: Janas Dawid , Liszka Barbara
Published: August 2017

This review provides an in-depth overview of the production of Cu–nanocarbon composites.
Dependence of electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4on Li2CO3with micro-flaky, micro-flower and nanorod morphologies
Authors: Li Lang , Sui Jinsong , Huang Rui , Xiang Wei , Qin Wei
Published: August 2017

The electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4prepared with three typical Li2CO3morphologies as raw materials. The micron-size Li2CO3showed good cycling capacity.
Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and dissolved organic matter from a sludge in situ reduction process effluent by coagulants
Authors: An Ying , Zhou Zhen , Qiao Weimin , Pan Wei , Chen Zhihui
Published: August 2017

Owing to the long solids retention time and effective sludge decay, the increase in the amount of phosphorus and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in effluents is a major obstacle to the sludge in situ reduction process.
Novel 1,2,3-triazolium-functionalized inulin derivatives: synthesis, free radical-scavenging activity, and antifungal activity
Authors: Li Qing , Qiu Lishushi , Tan Wenqiang , Gu Guodong , Guo Zhanyong
Published: August 2017

A new class of inulin derivatives possessing 1,2,3-triazolium charged units by associating “click reaction” with efficient 1,2,3-triazole quaternization were designed and synthesized. The synthesized inulin derivatives possess excellent free radical-scavenging ability.
Adaptive empirical Bayes filter
Authors: Deng G.
Published: August 2017

A new edge‐aware filter called the empirical Bayes filter (EBF) is presented. It is shown that the bilateral filter (BF), being a special case of the EBF, is an optimal filter in terms of Bayesian linear least square estimation. An adaptive EBF (AEBF), which is an adaptive combination of the BF output and the original image, is developed. Experimental results demonstrated that the AEBF outperforms the boosting algorithm in terms of improving the contrast of the bilateral filtered image.
Modelling of the effective dielectric constant of planar spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Authors: Unutmaz M.A. , Unlu M.
Published: August 2017

The modelling of the effective dielectric constant of a planar spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguide for X‐band frequencies is presented. The waveguide has a single conductor structure that is corrugated on both sides. A methodology to extract the effective dielectric constant of waveguides with complex patterns and a novel closed‐form formula based on complex analysis of the structure and empirical methods are suggested. The suggested formula is a function of the corrugation depth, aperture, periodicity, thickness of the substrate material and permittivity. The worst case error between the formula and measurement result is 8.4%, which is much lower than the previously reported coplanar stripline formulation approach having an error of 14.5%.
Finding the ‘faster’ path in vehicle routing
Authors: Guo Jing , Wu Yaoxin , Zhang Xuexi , Zhang Le , Chen Wei , Cao Zhiguang , Zhang Lu , Guo Hongliang
Published: August 2017

In this study, the authors improve the faster criterion in vehicle routing by extending the bi‐delta distribution to the bi‐normal distribution, which is a reasonable assumption for travel time on each road link. Based on this assumption, theoretical models are built for an arbitrary path and subsequently adopted to evaluate two candidate paths through probabilistic comparison. Experimental results demonstrate the bi‐normal behaviour of link travel time in practice, and verify the faster criterion's superiority in determining the optimal path either on an artificial network with bi‐normal distribution modelling link travel time or on a real road network with real traffic data. This study also validates that when the link number of one path is large, the probability density function of the whole path can be simplified by a normal distribution which approximates the sum of bi‐normal distributions for each link.
Direct growth of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice photodiodes on silicon substrates
Authors: González Burguete Claudia , Guo Daqian , Jurczak Pamela , Cui Fan , Tang Mingchu , Chen Wei , Deng Zhuo , Chen Yaojiang , Gutiérrez Marina , Chen Baile , Liu Huiyun , Wu Jiang
Published: August 2017

In this study, p‐i‐n InAs/GaSb type II superlattice photodiodes were directly grown on silicon substrates. The superlattice structures were grown monolithically on miscut Si substrates via a 10 nm AlSb nucleation layer. Interfacial misfit array technique was used to accommodate the large lattice mismatch between III‐Sb epi‐layers and Si. Atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements revealed degraded material quality of type II superlattices grown on Si, compared with the sample grown on GaAs. Photoluminescence characterisation indicates comparable optical properties with about 39% deduction of peak intensity. Dark current measurements were also used to study the electrical properties of the samples.
Time‐domain characterisation of multicarrier‐based digital SPWM of multilevel VSI
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Gupta Rajesh
Published: August 2017

The effect of sampling frequency on digital sinusoidal pulse width modulated (SPWM) output of phase‐shifted carrier‐based multilevel voltage source inverter (VSI) and the characteristics of output voltage and load current has been discussed here. The generalised equation of digitally controlled phase‐shifted carrier‐based multilevel VSI output voltage is derived using double Fourier integral solution. The Jacobi–Anger expansion has been used to obtain the integral solution. Time‐domain analysis has been used to establish the relation between sampling frequency, carrier frequency, and fundamental frequency, at different modulation indices for n‐level VSI. The load current of VSI is stepped in nature due to stepped variation in the output of the digital SPWM. Therefore, the low‐frequency harmonic components closer to the fundamental frequency appear in the frequency spectrum. The variation of total harmonic distortion with respect to multisampling factor (sampling to carrier frequency ratio) has been discussed at different modulation indices for multicarrier‐based multilevel inverter. The analytical results are verified through simulation and laboratory experimental results.
Optimisation of grid connected hybrid photovoltaic–wind–battery system using model predictive control design
Authors: Mbungu Nsilulu T. , Naidoo Raj , Bansal Ramesh C. , Bipath Minnesh
Published: August 2017

This study explores optimisation of the hybrid power system in the smart grid framework, in conjunction with the model predictive control (MPC) design. This study also creates a strategy that can maximise the use of renewable energy, e.g. photovoltaic, the wind turbine with battery storage and minimise the utilisation of the utility grid for electricity usage in the industry. This is devised by modelling a discrete state‐space model of the hybrid power system for a given industry application. The system design is implemented within a real‐time electricity pricing environment that is integrated with renewable energy to optimally meet the demand according to a specific performance of the consumer. The emphasis of this approach is on its capacity to supply optimal power to the demand side by selecting the appropriate source; and its robustness against uncertainties. The results show that MPC design for hybrid power system not only optimises the energy flow but also improves the overall process of energy management. It was also observed that the optimal solution minimises the delay cost of energy demand from the utility grid according to a given reference from the consumer for the specified tuning parameter values of the performance index.
Subspace tracking in a sensor array using complex Bingham distribution
Authors: Sabzikar Ebrahim , Ferdowsi Mohammad Hossein , Parsayan Ali
Published: August 2017

This study presents a subspace‐based tracking algorithm called Bingham filter using the outputs of a sensor array. Given n sensors in the sensor array with spatially and temporally white Gaussian noise in the outputs of the array, the Bingham filter estimates the signal subspaces generated by the targets based on the phased array observations, a priori information and previous estimates. Assuming the complex Bingham distribution as the probability distribution of the target subspace, the authors propose a closed‐form solution to the problem of updating the predicted subspace using the phased array observations. Furthermore, the authors offer a closed‐form solution for the prediction step of the tracking algorithm based on the relation between the complex Bingham distribution parameters and its covariance matrix. Combining these two steps, a new subspace tracking algorithm is derived that is similar to the Kalman filter. The algorithm is applied to track underwater targets and its efficiency is investigated using simulated phased array observations. Simulation results show that compared with the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm alone, the combination of the Bingham filter and MUSIC algorithm has better performance in low SNR scenarios.
Low‐profile quad‐band perforated rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications
Authors: Malhat Hend A. , Zainud‐Deen Saber H.
Published: August 2017

A novel low‐profile, high‐efficiency quad‐band perforated rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) for wireless communication applications has been introduced. The quad‐band perforated RDRA consists of a single dielectric sheet virtually divided into four sections. The perforation technique is used to alter the dielectric constant of each section. The effective dielectric constant is changed according to the perforation radii and their separation distances. The quad‐band RDRA is made of four blocks of different materials. An investigation of the radiation characteristics of the quad‐band perforated RDRA has been introduced. Two quad‐band perforated RDRA array elements are introduced for multiple‐input–multiple‐output applications. The effect of separation distances between the array elements for two different array arrangements has been studied. Cutting slots in the ground plane is employed to minimise the mutual coupling between the perforated RDRA array elements. The antenna structure is designed and analysed using the finite‐integration technique, and confirmed using the finite‐element technique.
Averaged time-optimal control problem in the space of positive Borel measures
Authors: Cavagnari Giulia , Marigonda Antonio , Piccoli Benedetto
Published: August 2017

We introduce a time-optimal control theory in the space ℳ+ (ℝd) of positive and finite Borel measures. We prove some natural results, such as a dynamic programming principle, the existence of optimal trajectories, regularity results and an HJB equation for the value function in this infinite-dimensional setting. The main tool used is the superposition principle (by Ambrosio–Gigli–Savaré) which allows to represent the trajectory in the space of measures as weighted superposition of classical characteristic curves in ℝd.
Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of β-Nitrostyrenes to Olefins upon Irradiation with Visible Light
Authors: Mohr Lisa-Marie , Bach Thorsten
Published: August 2017

The title compounds were found to undergo a [2+2] photocycloaddition with olefins at λ = 419 nm in CH2Cl2 as the solvent. The resulting cyclobutanes were isolated in yields of 32–87% (11 examples) and showed a defined relative configuration at C1/C4 in the major dia­stereoisomer (nitro and aryl trans). The analysis of side products and triplet sensitization experiments support a mechanistic scenario in which a 1,4-diradical is formed as a key intermediate.
MOG Spectrum Disorders and Role of MOG-Antibodies in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hennes Eva-Maria , Baumann Matthias , Lechner Christian , Rostásy Kevin
Published: August 2017

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (abs) are present in one third of all children with an acute demyelinating syndrome (ADS). MOG-abs can be found in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), transverse myelitis, isolated optic neuritis (ON), or recurrent demyelinating diseases, such as multiphasic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) without aquaporin-4 (AQP4) abs or multiphasic ADEM (MDEM), but rarely in children who subsequently develop multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of MOG-abs is age dependent with the highest seropositivity rates found in young children and an episode of ADEM, whereas older children with MOG-abs present with ON, myelitis, or brainstem symptoms. MOG-abs, initially thought to be associated with a benign disease course, are found in a substantial proportion of children with relapsing episodes associated with high and persisting MOG-ab titers. This review describes, in particular, the increasing spectrum of phenotypes associated with MOG-abs with a focus on clinical characteristics, radiological features, and therapeutic aspects.
Von Nährstoffen zu Lebensmitteln und Mahlzeiten: das Konzept der Optimierten Mischkost für Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Kalhoff Hermann , Lücke Thomas
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Nährstoffbezogene Empfehlungen müssen in lebensmittelbasierte Richtlinien übersetzt werden, damit sie für die Bevölkerung anwendbar werden. Noch praxisnäher sind mahlzeitenbezogene Richtlinien, gerade für die Kinderernährung. Diese Public-Health-Empfehlung wird in Deutschland mit dem Präventionskonzept der Optimierten Mischkost (OMK) für Kinder und Jugendliche umgesetzt. Verschiedene Überarbeitungen der D-A-CH-Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr erforderten eine Neuberechnung der OMK.

Methodik Ausgangsbasis waren Speisepläne für 4 Wochen (28 Tage) für 4 – 6-jährige Kinder als Referenzaltersgruppe. Mit einer vorsichtigen Optimierung von Lebensmittelauswahl und -mengen unter Berücksichtigung bevorzugt verzehrter Lebensmittel bei Kindern und Jugendlichen und üblicher Mahlzeitengewohnheiten (3 Haupt- und 2 Zwischenmahlzeiten am Tag) sollten die empfohlenen maximalen Nährstoffdichten (g[mg]/1000 kcal) im Altersbereich von 1 – 18 Jahren erreicht werden. Unter Annahme eines Energiebedarfs bei geringer körperlicher Aktivität (Physical Activity Level PAL 1.4) wurden altersgemäße Verzehrmengen für 11 Lebensmittelgruppen pro Tag und pro Mahlzeit ermittelt.

Ergebnisse Allein mit herkömmlichen Lebensmitteln ohne Nährstoffanreicherung konnte bei den betrachteten Nährstoffen eine empfehlungsgerechte Zufuhr erreicht werden, mit Ausnahme der generell kritischen Nährstoffe Vitamin D und Jod. Dabei sind die Anteile der Lebensmittel am Gesamtverzehr pro Tag und pro Mahlzeit in allen Altersgruppen gleich, lediglich die Mengen ändern sich mit dem Energiebedarf. Die mahlzeitenspezifischen Nährstoffprofile ergänzen sich in einem Baukastensystem zu einer ausgewogenen Tagesernährung.

Schlussfolgerung Mit dem durchkalkulierten Konzept der Optimierten Mischkost steht ein Referenzinstrumentarium für eine präventiv ausgerichtete Ernährung von Kindern und Jugendlichen zur Verfügung. Es kann für gesunde und kranke Kinder und Jugendliche in der Familienernährung und der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung angewendet werden.
1′-Acetoxychavicol Acetate Increases Proteasome Activity by Activating cAMP-PKA Signaling
Authors: Yaku Keisuke , Matsui-Yuasa Isao , Kojima-Yuasa Akiko
Published: August 2017

Protein degradation systems are critical pathways for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The age-dependent attenuation of the proteasome activity contributes to age-related neurodegenerative processes. The molecule 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is naturally obtained from the rhizomes and seeds of Zingiberaceae plants, such as Languas galangal and Alpinia galangal, and exhibits anti-carcinogenic effects. Recently, we have shown that ACA protected the age-related learning and memory impairments in senescence-accelerated mice and maintained cognitive performance. Therefore, we here examined the effects of ACA on the protein degradation systems and cell protection against neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. ACA increased proteasome activity in PC12 cells. Increased proteasome activity occurred during the initial stages of ACA treatment and lasted at least 9 h. The activity returned to control levels within 24 h. The increase in proteasome activity by ACA was suppressed by H-89, which is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor. ACA increased the adenylate cyclase activity and therefore the intracellular cAMP levels. Furthermore, ACA recovered the initial cell viability, which was reduced after the addition of the amyloid β-protein fragment to neuronally differentiated PC12 cells. The effects of ACA on amyloid toxicity were reduced after treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. These results demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of ACA via activation of cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells.
Spectral tunability and enhancement of molecular radiative emission by metal-dielectric-metal stratified plasmonic nanostructure
Authors: Golmakaniyoon Sepideh , Hernandez-Martinez Pedro Ludwig , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: August 2017

Plasmonic nanostructures have been widely known for their notable capability to enhance spontaneous emission of an electric dipole in their vicinity. Due to the availability of large optical density of states at their metallic surface, the radiative and nonradiative decay channels are dramatically modified. However, enhancement cannot be realized for any desired emissive dipole as the plasmonic resonance frequency is mostly determined intrinsically by the existing plasmonic materials. Although recent studies using metamaterial structures demonstrate a promising approach of tuning the Purcell factor across the emission wavelength, many of the demonstrations lack efficient radiative emission besides the fabrication complexity. Here, we show theoretically and experimentally that a simple metal-dielectric-metal stratified architecture allows for high tunability of the resonance frequency to obtain a maximum radiative decay rate for any desired dipole peak emission wavelength. Owing to the effective cascaded plasmonic mode coupling across the metal-dielectric interfaces, the proposed approach uniquely provides us with the ability to optimize the plasmonic nanostructure for 100% radiative transmission and 3-fold radiative emission enhancement.
Enhanced second harmonic generation and photoluminescence in Pr-doped LiNb0.5Ta0.5O3 nanocrystals embedded in a borate based glass
Authors: Jaschin P. W. , Varma K. B. R.
Published: August 2017

Non-linear optical properties and photoluminescence exhibited by Pr-doped LiNb0.5Ta0.5O3 nanocrystals embedded in a borate based glass are presented here. The glasses of composition 1.5Li2O–2B2O3–0.5Nb2O5–0.5Ta2O5:xPr6O11 (x = 0.0025, 0.005, and 0.01) were synthesized via the conventional melt-quenching technique, and the nanocrystal growth was induced by subjecting the as-quenched glasses to heat treatment between 530 and 560 °C for 3 h. Coalesced nanocrystals of sizes in the 20–38 nm range, resulting in the formation of dendritic spherulites, were obtained from the isothermal heat treatment. Effect of doping on the structural units of LiNb0.5Ta0.5O3 lattice was analysed by Raman studies, which indicated that Pr ions occupied Li+ vacancies or Nb/Ta antisites. A strong red emission at 620 nm, due to 1D2 → 3H4 electronic transition of Pr3+ ions, was observed upon excitation by a 450 nm radiation. The maximum intensity was exhibited by the composition corresponding to Pr-doping level, x = 0.005, while the crystallization had a pronounced effect on the intensity of the red output. A non-linear optical coefficient as high as 0.77 pm/V (twice that of d36 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystal) was obtained from the bulk glass–nanocrystal composites of the composition in which x = 0.0025.
Oxygen reduction on a Pt(111) catalyst in HT-PEM fuel cells by density functional theory
Authors: Sun Hong , Li Jie , Almheiri Saif , Xiao Jianyu
Published: August 2017

The oxygen reduction reaction plays an important role in the performance of high-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells. In this study, a molecular dynamics model, which is based on the density functional theory and couples the system’s energy, the exchange-correlation energy functional, the charge density distribution function, and the simplified Kohn–Sham equation, was developed to simulate the oxygen reduction reaction on a Pt(111) surface. Additionally, an electrochemical reaction system on the basis of a four-electron reaction mechanism was also developed for this simulation. The reaction path of the oxygen reduction reaction, the product structure of each reaction step and the system’s energy were simulated. It is found that the first step reaction of the first hydrogen ion with the oxygen molecule is the controlling step of the overall reaction. Increasing the operating temperature speeds up the first step reaction rate and slightly decreases its reaction energy barrier. Our results provide insight into the working principles of HT-PEM fuel cells.
Type-I band alignment at MoS2/In0.15Al0.85N lattice matched heterojunction and realization of MoS2 quantum well
Authors: Tangi Malleswararao , Mishra Pawan , Li Ming-Yang , Shakfa Mohammad Khaled , Anjum Dalaver H. , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Ng Tien Khee , Li Lain-Jong , Ooi Boon S.
Published: August 2017

The valence and conduction band offsets (VBO and CBO) at the semiconductor heterojunction are crucial parameters to design the active region of contemporary electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this report, to study the band alignment parameters at the In0.15Al0.85N/MoS2 lattice matched heterointerface, large area MoS2 single layers are chemical vapor deposited on molecular beam epitaxial grown In0.15Al0.85N films and vice versa. We grew InAlN having an in-plane lattice parameter closely matching with that of MoS2. We confirm that the grown MoS2 is a single layer from optical and structural analyses using micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The band offset parameters VBO and CBO at the In0.15Al0.85N/MoS2 heterojunction are determined to be 2.08 ± 0.15 and 0.60 ± 0.15 eV, respectively, with type-I band alignment using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, we design a MoS2 quantum well structure by growing an In0.15Al0.85N layer on MoS2/In0.15Al0.85N type-I heterostructure. By reducing the nitrogen plasma power and flow rate for the overgrown In0.15Al0.85N layers, we achieve unaltered structural properties and a reasonable preservation of photoluminescence intensity with a peak width of 70 meV for MoS2 quantum well (QW). The investigation provides a pathway towards realizing large area, air-stable, lattice matched, and eventual high efficiency In0.15Al0.85N/MoS2/In0.15Al0.85N QW-based light emitting devices.
Power-generating capacity of manure- and wastewater-to-energy conversion systems for commercial viability in Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Jiang , Zhang Siyang , Kong Chuixue , Duan Qiwu , Deng Liangwei , Mei Zili , Lei Yunhui
Published: August 2017

This study determined the power-generating capacity at which manure- and wastewater-to-energy conversion systems become commercially viable in Yunnan Province, China. Capacity was determined through technical and economic analyses of 12 full-scale biogas plants with 40-, 60-, or 80-kW engines. Each biogas plant made use of one of the two types of anaerobic digestion processes. Market and policy conditions, rather than technological limitations, resulted in the poor performance of both processes. Conversion systems with both normal-temperature and mesophilic digesters had relatively high wastewater treatment capacities of 0.06–0.10 m3 m−3 d−1, whereas systems with only one mesophilic digester had capacities of 0.03–0.06 m3 m−3 d−1. Capacity depended on demand by farms, not on the amount of fermentation material. Only the 80-kW biogas plants had acceptable payback times, together with positive net present values and internal rates of return. Furthermore, the price of digested effluent was an important factor that influenced the commercial viability of the 80-kW plants.
Synthesis of Imine and Amine-Linked Macrocycles Containing Tris-Indoles
Authors: Kandemir Hakan , Sengul Ibrahim F. , Kumar Naresh , Black David StC.
Published: August 2017

The synthesis of 21-membered imine- and amine-linked tris-indole macrocycles starting from 7-nitroethylindoles is described. The 7-nitroethylindoles are converted to 2,2′-diindolylmethanes and the nitro groups reduced to amino. The resulting diamines undergo reactions with indole-2,7-dicarbaldehydes to form the macrocyclic imines, which can subsequently be reduced to the macrocyclic amines.
Riding the Waves: Professor T. H. Laby as Imperial Scientist and Radio Visionary
Authors: Bowen Jennifer
Published: August 2017

Thomas Laby, Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Melbourne 1915–1942, was an outspoken proponent of science broadcasting during the years when broadcast radio was developing in Australia. While earlier biographical studies have paid some attention to Laby's role in public affairs, there has been no discussion of his sustained advocacy for radio as a means of public education. This article shows how his position was supported by, and in turn enriched, his imperial politics as well as his commitment to scientific research; it draws on a range of archival materials from public hearings, the Australian Broadcasting Commission, and Australian universities. It shows Laby's remarkable grasp of a medium in its formative years, as well as his belief in the need for scientists to participate in social debate.
Peter Gavin Hall 1951–2016
Authors: Robinson John , Welsh Alan H.
Published: August 2017

Peter Hall, in the forty years of his research career, produced work in both probability and statistics, whose breadth and depth must be regarded as phenomenal. He displayed extraordinary technical skills together with remarkable intuition in developing and applying multifaceted mathematical approaches in the whole of his work. The impact of this wide-ranging use of powerful mathematical methods has had a profound effect on much of modern mathematical statistics. After completing his DPhil at Oxford, he remained in Australia for almost all his career although he was renowned as one of the major international figures in probability and statistics. Peter was a mentor to a large group of post-graduate students and post-doctoral colleagues giving encouragement and guidance and he attracted many research visitors contributing greatly to the whole of Australian statistical research. Remarkably, given his immense research output, he took a significant role in both editorial duties in major international journals and in advocacy for mathematics and statistics in Australia. Peter was a man of great charm whose modest demeanour belied his staggering abilities. His loss to mathematics and statistics is great, but is matched by the personal loss to us and to his many friends.
Insulinotropic nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 is dynamically expressed in the haemochorial mouse and human placenta
Authors: Legg-St Pierre Crystalyn B. , Mackova Martina , Miskiewicz Ewa I. , Hemmings Denise G. , Unniappan Suraj , MacPhee Daniel J.
Published: August 2017

The placenta is the physiological bridge between mother and fetus and has life-sustaining functions during pregnancy, including metabolic regulation, fetal protection and hormone secretion. Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is a calcium- and DNA-binding protein and precursor of nesfatin-1, a signalling peptide with multiple functions, including regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose transport. These are also key functions of the placenta, yet NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression has never been comprehensively studied in this organ. In the present study, mouse placental samples from Embryonic Day (E) 7.5 to E17.5 and human chorionic villi from the first and second trimester, as well as term pregnancy, were analysed for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression by immunohistochemistry with an antiserum that recognised both NUCB2 and nesfatin-1. From E7.5 to E9.5, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the ectoplacental cone, then parietal trophoblast giant cells and early spongiotrophoblast. At E10.5–12.5, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression became detectable in the developing labyrinth. From E12.5 and onwards, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the glycogen trophoblast cells, as well as highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast, sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells and fetal capillary endothelial cells of the labyrinth. In all trimesters of human pregnancy, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast. In addition, there was a significant increase in NUCB2 expression in human primary trophoblast cells induced to syncytialise. Thus, the haemochorial mammalian placenta is a novel source of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and likely a site of its action, with potential roles in glucose homeostasis and/or nutrient sensing.
Association of the cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP-3) and some of its polymorphisms with the quality of cryopreserved stallion semen
Authors: Usuga Alexandra , Rojano Benjamín A. , Restrepo Giovanni
Published: August 2017

Contribution of seminal plasma proteins to semen freezability has been reported in several species, suggesting these proteins as genetic markers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP-3) and some of its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with post-thawing semen quality in stallions. DNA was obtained from 100 stallions, regions of interest were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Evaluated SNPs within the equine CRISP-3 gene were CRISP3c.+199A > G (SNP1), CRISP3c.+566C > A (SNP2), CRISP3c.+622G > A (SNP3) and CRISP3c.+716A > G (SNP4). CRISP-3 protein content in seminal plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Semen from 30 stallions was cryopreserved and post-thaw motility, kinetics, abnormal morphology (AM), sperm vitality (SV) and membrane integrity (MI) were evaluated. Generalized linear models were fitted and means were compared using Tukey’s test. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. For SNP1 and SNP3, the AA genotype had the highest results for motility and MI; for SNP2, the best results for motility and AM were obtained with the CC genotype. For SNP4, the GG genotype had the lowest results, except for MI. A high level of CRISP-3 protein in seminal plasma had the best results for motility, kinetics, SV and AM. In conclusion, there was a relationship between CRISP-3 genotype and seminal plasma protein and post-thawing semen quality in stallions.
A gradual reformation: empirical character and causal powers in Kant
Authors: Indregard Jonas Jervell
Published: August 2017

According to Kant each person has an empirical character, which is ultimately grounded in one’s free choice. The popular Causal Laws interpretation of empirical character holds that it consists of the causal laws governing our psychology. I argue that this reading has difficulties explaining moral change, the ‘gradual reformation’ of our empirical character: Causal laws cannot change and hence cannot be gradually reformed. I propose an alternative Causal Powers interpretation of empirical character, where our empirical character consists of our mind’s causal powers. The resulting picture of empirical character allows for moral change and Kantian weakness of will.
Utilizing External Features and a Consensus Field-Based Approach to Determine Sex of Lake Michigan Yellow Perch
Authors: Dub Joshua D. , Roswell Charles R. , Czesny Sergiusz
Published: August 2017

Understanding fluctuations in population sex ratios is important for evaluating the effects of changes in population demographics and for making informed management decisions. The Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, an important sport fish in Lake Michigan, undergoes sexually dimorphic growth, likely resulting in differing vulnerabilities to angler harvest. However, sex ratio data from angler-harvested fish have not been collected because of the handling time and intrusiveness of the methods for distinguishing sexes. We utilized digital photographs of the urogenital papilla (UGP) from known-sex Yellow Perch to establish a method whereby UGP shape could be used to rapidly, accurately, and inexpensively determine the sex of Yellow Perch. Overall, 88.1% of Yellow Perch examined were assigned to the correct sex, and the sex ratio estimate of 48:87 (female : male) did not differ significantly from the known sex ratio of 46:89. Classification success was not affected by fish sex, TL, or month of collection. Our results demonstrate accurate, rapid, inexpensive, and nonlethal applicability of this method across a wide range of sizes and geographic and temporal scales. Applying this methodology will permit accurate sex ratio estimates for angler-harvested Yellow Perch, which can be used to better understand harvest composition and its implications for management.

Received February 17, 2017; accepted June 9, 2017 Published online August 31, 2017
14-3-3 regulation of Ncd reveals a new mechanism for targeting proteins to the spindle in oocytes
Authors: Beaven Robin , Bastos Ricardo Nunes , Spanos Christos , Romé Pierre , Cullen C. Fiona , Rappsilber Juri , Giet Régis , Goshima Gohta , Ohkura Hiroyuki
Published: August 2017

The meiotic spindle is formed without centrosomes in a large volume of oocytes. Local activation of crucial spindle proteins around chromosomes is important for formation and maintenance of a bipolar spindle in oocytes. We found that phosphodocking 14-3-3 proteins stabilize spindle bipolarity in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes. A critical 14-3-3 target is the minus end–directed motor Ncd (human HSET; kinesin-14), which has well-documented roles in stabilizing a bipolar spindle in oocytes. Phospho docking by 14-3-3 inhibits the microtubule binding activity of the nonmotor Ncd tail. Further phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase can release Ncd from this inhibitory effect of 14-3-3. As Aurora B localizes to chromosomes and spindles, 14-3-3 facilitates specific association of Ncd with spindle microtubules by preventing Ncd from binding to nonspindle microtubules in oocytes. Therefore, 14-3-3 translates a spatial cue provided by Aurora B to target Ncd selectively to the spindle within the large volume of oocytes.