bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An inverse problem of reconstructing the refractive index interrain parabolic equations
∗
Authors: Deng Zui-Cha , Yang Liu
Published: July 2023

This work deals with an inverse problem of identifying the refractive index in terrain parabolic equations, which has important applications in radio systems and other applied scientific fields. Unlike other inverse coefficient problems arising in the real field, the underlying mathematical model is discussed in the complex field which may lead to many mathematical tools not available, and the corresponding theoretical analysis rather difficult. Based on the optimal control framework, the recognition problem is transformed into an optimization problem, and the existence and necessary condition of the minimizer for the cost functional are deduced. The local uniqueness and stability of the minimizer are derived from the necessary condition. Finally, a gradient descent iterative scheme is designed to solve the numerical solution of the inverse problem. The validity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by some typical numerical examples.
Novel Duffing chaotic oscillator and its application to privacy data protection
Authors: Lu Zhiheng , Jean De Dieu Nkapkop , Jiang Donghua , Tsafack Nestor , Xiong Jianping , Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Kengne Jacques
Published: July 2023

Traditional Compressive Sensing (CS) achieves both compression and encryption of digital data. However, most existing compressive sensing methods present some shortcomings, including weak resistance to chosen-plaintext attacks and heavy key management burden. To overcome these shortcomings, this work presents a new combination of CS with optical transformation for digital image compression and encryption. The proposed compression-encryption scheme utilizes the interesting properties of CS and permutation-diffusion techniques to reduce the image size and encrypt the image data. A Novel Duffing Oscillator (NDO) is proposed, its dynamics is deeply analyzed, and its sequences are exploited to build a hardware-friendly measurement matrix for the CS process. This also contributes to reducing the total size of secret key sent to the receiving end. In addition, the final image compression-encryption output is obtained by applying one of the most significant optical encryption methods, namely Double Random Phase Encoding (DRPE). This contributes to further strengthen the security of the proposed scheme. Eventually, the experimental results imply that our scheme is effective in improving the resistance against various attacks, while guaranteeing good imperceptibility and reconstruction performance. It can then be employed in the information security communication field.
The Λ-type P-wave bottom baryon states via the QCD sum rules*
Authors: Xin Qi , Wang Zhi-Gang , Lü Fei
Published: July 2023

Our study focuses on the Λ-type P-wave bottom baryon states with spin-parity

,

. We introduce an explicit P-wave between the two light quarks in the interpolating currents (these light quarks are antisymmetric in the flavor space, thus giving rise to the designation of Λ-type baryon) to investigate the

and

states within the framework of the full QCD sum rules. The predicted masses show that

and

could be the P-wave bottom-strange baryon states with spin-parity

and

, respectively; meanwhile,

and

could be the P-wave bottom baryon states with spin-parity

and

, respectively. Moreover,

and

may have two remarkable under-structures or Fock components at least.
Effect of Additive Manufacturing Thickness on Microstructure and Properties of DG09 Welding Wire Wear-resistant Layer
Authors: Du Zunzhong , Wang Yiming , Chen Jialu , Zhang Qingyu , Li Chao , Jiang Yang , Pu Ye , Wang Xiaonan
Published: July 2023

In order to study the influence of additive manufacturing thickness of coal mining machine-guide slide shoe on the microstructure and properties of wear-resistant layers, four kinds of wear-resistant layers with different thicknesses were mainly manufactured in this paper. The influence of the cladding thickness on wear resistance was further clarified by analyzing the metallographic structure, hardness, and wear resistance of the material. The experimental results show that the thickness of the wear-resistant layer has little effect on its microstructure and wear resistance. Hardness has a great influence on wear resistance. The higher the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is, the wider the wear width of the sample is. The main wear mechanism of produced cladding is abrasive wear accompanied by oxidation wear with a certain degree of spalling wear. The experimental results have a key role in the overall use performance of the coal mining machine.
Study on Attenuation Mechanism of High Energy Density Lithium Rich Battery Materials
Authors: Ren Huanhuan , Jia Guorui , Chen Chuan , Wang Jianbin , Zou Daijiang
Published: July 2023

The development of lithium rich layered oxide cathode materials with high energy density is one of the keys to improve the range of new energy vehicles. However, there are two bottlenecks in the development of this material: the voltage attenuation caused by structural transformation and the drastic decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage. In this paper, spherical Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 cathode material (LLO) was prepared, and the cycle performance of LLO cathode in LiBOB electrolyte with different content was compared. In addition, the effect of LiBOB electrolyte additives on lithium rich layered oxide materials was investigated. The decomposition path of LiBOB and the composition of stable CEI film were inferred by using computational chemistry and a variety of surface / interface detection methods.
Time Series Analysis on Flame Length of Micron Coal Dust Explosion with Ignition Delay Time
Authors: Dong Xiaoting , Liu Tianqi , Wang Xiaoyi , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: July 2023

To discuss Pm
variation law with t in large scale coal dust explosion equipment, shock wave pipe is used and a 60 m linear explosion test system is built. P
m of dust explosion is measured by flame collection system. ARIMA (p,q,d) time series analysis model of t and P
m is built, differential methods are used to eliminate upward trend of the maximum flame length data. By calculating the autocorrelation, the partial correlation coefficient, and the value of AIC and SBC, autoregression and moving average orders are got. Model parameters are estimated by least squares method. 20 groups of flame length prediction show that: ARIMA model have high precision, prediction value of optimum ignition delay time is consistent with measured value, which realizes reasonable analysis on fluctuation characteristics of P
m. This model can reasonably predict the up and down fluctuations of the local flame length data, reflecting the superiority of the model, which is not achievable by general prediction models. The results of this study can greatly reduce the number of coal dust explosion tests, save material costs and provide a new idea for studying the relationship between ignition delay time and coal dust explosion flame length.
Numerical Modeling of Microstructure and Properties of Wear-resistant Layer Fabricated by Overlaying with different Wire Compositions
Authors: Yuan Yuedong , Zhang Qingyu , Du Zunzhong , Wang Xiaonan , Zang Sen , Shen Xinjun , Zhang Guoqun , Chen Yu
Published: July 2023

In order to investigate the influence of the composition in DG09 steel on the microstructure and properties of the wear-resistant layer manufactured by overlaying welding on the guide slippers of coal-cutters, the finite element method (FEM) simulations were used. After importing the physical parameters of the filler metal with different Cr and Ni contents calculated by JMatPro into the FEM software, the evolution of the temperature was simulated. The simulated results showed that the first layer melted when the second layer was welding. The microstructure and properties of the wear-resistant layer were simulated. The results revealed that reducing the Cr and Ni content increases the tensile strength and hardness of the wear-resistant layer. In addition, the microstructure of the wear-resistant layer fabricated by designed fillers was the martensite phase. The simulation results not only demonstrate that reducing the Cr and Ni content in DG09 steel can improve the mechanical properties, but also provide a theoretical basis for the design of low-cost filler metal.
Effects of High Temperature Tempering on Microstructure and Hardness Distribution on 18Cr2Ni4WA Alloy Steel Heavy-duty Gears: Numerical Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Yuan Yuedong , Zhang Qingyu , Xue Yu , Jiang Yang , Liu Kun , Shen Xinjun , Zhang Hu , Wang Xiaonan
Published: July 2023

In the present work, simulations of gas carburizing heat treatment of heavy-duty gears on a coal-cutting machine fabricated by a 18Cr2Ni4WA alloy steel were carried out by using a finite element method software. The physical property database of the 18Cr2Ni4WA alloy steel was constructed in the software. The effects of the high temperature tempering process on the microstructure and hardness distributions were simulated and studied. The hardness distribution results obtained by simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation. The evolution of the volume fractions of the austenite, martensite, and bainite microstructure after high temperature tempering was simulated, while the change of the retained austenite varying with the number of high temperature tempering was studied. The results show that with the increase of the number of high-temperature tempering, the content of retained austenite in the gear decreases, and it could reduce the surface carbon concentration. The hardness variation, calculated by the Maynier equation through secondary development, is shown to be governed by the joint influence of carbon concentration and microstructure distribution. The hardness distribution from the surface layer to the core is 62HRC-32HRC after the heat treatment process with twice high tempering, which meets the needs of the practical application of the gears.
On complete trapped submanifolds in globally hyperbolic spacetimes
Authors: Albujer Alma L , Herrera Jónatan , Rubio Rafael M
Published: July 2023

The aim of this manuscript is to obtain rigidity and non-existence results for parabolic spacelike submanifolds with causal mean curvature vector field in orthogonally splitted spacetimes, and in particular, in globally hyperbolic spacetimes. We also obtain results regarding the geometry of submanifolds by ensuring, under some mild hypothesis, the non-existence of local minima or maxima of certain distinguished function. Furthermore, in this last case the submanifold does not need to be parabolic or even complete. As an application in General Relativity, we obtain several nice results regarding (non-necessarily closed) trapped surfaces in a huge family of spacetimes. In fact, we show how our technique allows us to recover some relevant previous results for trapped surfaces in both, standard static spacetimes and generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes.
The Lie algebra of the lowest transitively differential group of degree three
*
Authors: Grundland Alfred Michel , Marquette Ian
Published: July 2023

We investigate the real Lie algebra of first-order differential operators with polynomial coefficients, which is subject to the following requirements. (1) The Lie algebra should admit a basis of differential operators with homogeneous polynomial coefficients of degree up to and including three. (2) The generator of the algebra must include the translation operators

∂
k

for all the variables

x
1

,
…
,

x
k

. (3) The Lie algebra is the smallest indecomposable Lie algebra satisfying (1) and (2). It turns out to be a 39-dimensional Lie algebra in six variables (k = 6) and the construction of this algebra is also the simplest possible case in the general construction of the Lie algebras of the transitively differential groups introduced by Guillemin and Sternberg in 1964 involving the coefficients of degree 3. Those algebras and various subalgebras have similarities with algebras related to different applications in physics such as the Schrödinger, Conformal and Galilei algebras with and without central extension. The paper is devoted to the presentation of the structure and different decompositions of the Lie algebra under investigation. It is also devoted to the presentation of relevant Lie subalgebras and the construction of their Casimir invariants using different methods. We rely, in particular, on differential operator realizations, symbolic computation packages, the Berezin bracket and virtual copies of the Lie algebras.
The advance of magnetic diagnostics system in support of EAST long-pulsed operation
Authors: CHEN 陈 Dalong 大龙 , SHEN 沈 Biao 飊 , SHI 石 Tonghui 同辉 , GUO 郭 Bihao 笔豪 , LI 李 Tingyu 婷玉 , CHEN 陈 Lixing 力行 , XUE 薛 Minmin 敏敏 , CHU 楚 Nan 南
Published: July 2023

In EAST long-pulsed discharge (hundreds of seconds), electric magnetic diagnosis (EMD) is very important, since EMD not only monitors tokamak security status but also provides accurate measurement accuracy for reconstruction of the plasma boundary. To avoid current measurement drift, a fiber optic current sensor, based on the Faraday effect, is developed and used for poloidal and plasma current feedback control for the first time, relative current measurement accuracy is within 0.5%. To ensure plasma boundary control accuracy, a detailed set of magnetic measurement calibration methods is developed before the plasma discharge. The maximum relative error is less than 1%, the corresponding control accuracy is within 1 cm. To minimize integrator drift error, a long-pulse integrator test is essential, the corresponding drift error needs to be subtracted in plasma control system. Besides, the saddle coil and Mirnov coil not only help to detect MHD issues, but are also utilized for plasma disruption prediction during the long-pulse discharge.
Milnor operations and classifying spaces
Authors: Kameko Masaki
Published: July 2023

We give an example of a nonzero odd degree element of the classifying space of a connected Lie group such that all higher Milnor operations vanish on it. It is a counterexample of a conjecture of Kono and Yagita [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 339 (1993), pp. 781–798].
Hellenic Philosophy, Arabic and Syriac reception of
Authors: Gutas Dimitri
Published: July 2023

Hellenic philosophy died a lingering death even before Islam appeared. The Christianization of the Roman empire, and the increasing self-identification by the Greek-speaking population as Romans in the so-called Byzantine age, rendered Hellenic philosophy the object of scorn. By the end of the 6th century, philosophy was neither practised nor taught, nor were philosophical texts copied. In addition, all Greek texts, and not only the philosophical ones, went through two periods of sifting in their physical transmission—from papyrus rolls to codices (3rd–4th centuries) and from uncial writing to minuscule script (8th–9th centuries)—at the end of which only a small fraction survived.

By late antiquity the Hellenic philosophical and scientific corpus had been organized into a potent curriculum, based on the classification of the sciences originally introduced by Aristotle, which represented the sum total of human knowledge. It was received as such by the Hellenized peoples of the Near East, who had been participating in the philosophical enterprise in Greek. As the practice of philosophy attenuated in the Greek-speaking world, Persians in the Sasanian empire, and Arameans, now Christianized into the churches of the East, began translating selectively parts of the philosophical curriculum into Middle Persian and Syriac, respectively. With the emergence of Islam in the 7th century and the subsequent development of scholarship in Arabic, political, social, and cultural exigencies required that the rulers of the new empire participate, own, and promote the high Hellenic culture cultivated amid the Persian- and Syriac-speaking subjects. As a result there was launched a far-flung translation movement into Arabic, from Sanskrit, Middle Persian, Syriac, and especially from Greek, of all sciences and philosophy. The philosophical texts that passed into Arabic were primarily the Aristotelian corpus, the near-totality of which was translated with some notable omissions, and the long list of commentators from Alexander of Aphrodisias to the last Neoplatonists of Alexandria. The Platonic tradition was not favoured, Platonism having been proscribed in Greek, and to a lesser degree in Syriac, Christianity. Not a single complete dialogue was translated into Arabic; what was available of Plato was various selections from the dialogues, Galen’s summaries of the dialogues, biographies, and sayings. Selections from Plotinus and Proclus were available in paraphrastic and interpolated versions that were attributed to Aristotle. The remaining schools of Hellenic philosophy, already extinct long before the rise of Islam, were known primarily through quotations among the translated authors like Aristotle and Galen.
Column of Trajan, reception of
Authors: Macaulay Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2023

Since Late Antiquity, architects, leaders, and nations have emulated, adapted, and reinterpreted the Column of Trajan. Its appeal has been due to its height, ability to dominate the surrounding landscape, and complex spiral reliefs detailing the emperor Trajan’s annexation of Dacia as a Roman province. Its form has inspired countless honorific, triumphal, and commemorative monuments in the post-antique era.
An anomaly arising in the analysis of processes with more than one source of variability
Authors: Battey H S , McCullagh Peter
Published: July 2023

It is frequently observed in practice that the Wald statistic gives a poor assessment of the statistical significance of a variance component. This paper provides detailed analytic insight into the phenomenon by way of two simple models, which point to an atypical geometry as the source of the aberration. The latter can in principle be checked numerically to cover situations of arbitrary complexity, such as those arising from elaborate forms of blocking in an experimental context, or models for longitudinal or clustered data. The salient point, echoing Dickey (2020), is that a suitable likelihood-ratio test should always be used for the assessment of variance components.
Safety and efficacy of amlitelimab, a fully human nondepleting, noncytotoxic anti-OX40 ligand monoclonal antibody, in atopic dermatitis: results of a phase IIa randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Weidinger Stephan , Bieber Thomas , Cork Michael J , Reich Adam , Wilson Rosamund , Quaratino Sonia , Stebegg Marisa , Brennan Nuala , Gilbert Sally , O’Malley John T , Porter-Brown Ben
Published: July 2023

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease with significant unmet need. Blockade of the OX40–OX40 ligand (OX40L) costimulation pathway by targeting OX40L on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with a fully human noncytotoxic, nondepleting anti-OX40L monoclonal antibody (amlitelimab; SAR445229; KY1005) is a novel way to modulate persistent inflammation.

Objectives

To assess the safety and efficacy of amlitelimab over 16 weeks in adults with AD in a phase IIa double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Methods

The study was conducted at 19 hospitals in Germany, Poland, Spain and the UK. Eligible patients with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized (1 : 1 : 1) to low-dose intravenous (IV) amlitelimab (200 mg), high-dose IV amlitelimab (500 mg) or placebo, followed by three maintenance doses (50% of loading dose) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, with safety follow-up to week 36. The co-primary endpoints were the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (all patients who received ≥ 1 dose of the study drug) and mean percentage change in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) to week 16 (full analysis set).

Results

Between 13 December 2018 and 12 May 2020, 89 patients were randomly assigned to low- (n = 29) or high-dose amlitelimab (n = 30) or placebo (n = 29), of whom 88 proceeded to treatment [37 women (42%), 51 (58%) men; mean (SD) age 33.6 (11.9) years]. Amlitelimab was generally well tolerated with an unremarkable safety profile; no hypersensitivity events were reported. For the primary endpoint, the least square mean percentage change in EASI from baseline to week 16 was –80.12% [95% confidence interval (CI) –95.55 to –64.68; P = 0.009 vs. placebo] and –69.97% (95% CI –85.04 to –54.60; P = 0.07 vs. placebo) for the low- (n = 27) and high-dose (n = 27) amlitelimab groups, respectively, vs. –49.37% (95% CI –66.02 to –32.72) for placebo (n = 24). Numerically greater reductions in EASI were observed for amlitelimab vs. placebo from weeks 2 to 16.

Conclusions

Novel targeting of OX40L-expressing APCs with amlitelimab was well tolerated and resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in AD.
Opportunistic salpingectomy during non-gynaecological surgery in the United States: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Cathcart Ann M , Harrison Ross , Luccarelli James
Published: July 2023

Lay Summary

The most common type of ovarian cancer likely begins in the fallopian tubes. Surgically removing the fallopian tubes decreases a person’s risk of ovarian cancer. ‘Opportunistic salpingectomy’ refers to the removal of the fallopian tubes during surgery that is done for other reasons. Opportunistic salpingectomy is commonly done during hysterectomy. The types of other surgery performed together with opportunistic salpingectomy in the USA were analysed in the present study. Opportunistic salpingectomy was found to be done at the time of bariatric surgery, bowel surgery, hernia repair, gallbladder surgery, and breast surgery. Offering opportunistic salpingectomy to all women who are scheduled for those types of surgeries could lead to between 3600 and 5800 fewer deaths from ovarian cancer in the USA per year.
A Machine Learning Framework Identifies Plastid-Encoded Proteins Harboring C3 and C4 Distinguishing Sequence Information
Authors: Yogadasan Nilanth , Doxey Andrew C , Chuong Simon D X
Published: July 2023

C4 photosynthesis is known to have at least 61 independent origins across plant lineages making it one of the most notable examples of convergent evolution. Of the >60 independent origins, a predicted 22–24 origins, encompassing greater than 50% of all known C4 species, exist within the Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae (PACMAD) clade of the Poaceae family. This clade is therefore primed with species ideal for the study of genomic changes associated with the acquisition of the C4 photosynthetic trait. In this study, we take advantage of the growing availability of sequenced plastid genomes and employ a machine learning (ML) approach to screen for plastid genes harboring C3 and C4 distinguishing information in PACMAD species. We demonstrate that certain plastid-encoded protein sequences possess distinguishing and informative sequence information that allows them to train accurate ML C3/C4 classification models. Our RbcL-trained model, for example, informs a C3/C4 classifier with greater than 99% accuracy. Accurate prediction of photosynthetic type from individual sequences suggests biologically relevant, and potentially differing roles of these sequence products in C3 versus C4 metabolism. With this ML framework, we have identified several key sequences and sites that are most predictive of C3/C4 status, including RbcL, subunits of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, and specific residues within, further highlighting their potential significance in the evolution and/or maintenance of C4 photosynthetic machinery. This general approach can be applied to uncover intricate associations between other similar genotype-phenotype relationships.
COL11A2 as a candidate gene for vertebral malformations and congenital scoliosis
Authors: Rebello Denise , Wohler Elizabeth , Erfani Vida , Li Guozhuang , Aguilera Alexya N , Santiago-Cornier Alberto , Zhao Sen , Hwang Steven W , Steiner Robert D , Zhang Terry Jianguo , Gurnett Christina A , Raggio Cathleen , Wu Nan , Sobreira Nara , Giampietro Philip F , Ciruna Brian
Published: July 2023

Human vertebral malformations (VMs) have an estimated incidence of 1/2000 and are associated with significant health problems including congenital scoliosis (CS) and recurrent organ system malformation syndromes such as VACTERL (vertebral anomalies; anal abnormalities; cardiac abnormalities; tracheo-esophageal fistula; renal anomalies; limb anomalies). The genetic cause for the vast majority of VMs are unknown. In a CS/VM patient cohort, three COL11A2 variants (R130W, R1407L and R1413H) were identified in two patients with cervical VM. A third patient with a T9 hemivertebra and the R130W variant was identified from a separate study. These substitutions are predicted to be damaging to protein function, and R130 and R1407 residues are conserved in zebrafish Col11a2. To determine the role for COL11A2 in vertebral development, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to create a nonsense mutation (col11a2L642*) as well as a full gene locus deletion (col11a2del) in zebrafish. Both col11a2L642*/L642* and col11a2del/del mutant zebrafish exhibit vertebral fusions in the caudal spine, which form due to mineralization across intervertebral segments. To determine the functional consequence of VM-associated variants, we assayed their ability to suppress col11a2del VM phenotypes following transgenic expression within the developing spine. While wildtype col11a2 expression suppresses fusions in col11a2del/+ and col11a2del/del backgrounds, patient missense variant-bearing col11a2 failed to rescue the loss-of-function phenotype in these animals. These results highlight an essential role for COL11A2 in vertebral development and support a pathogenic role for two missense variants in CS.
The Index With Respect to a Rigid Subcategory of a Triangulated Category
Authors: Jørgensen Peter , Shah Amit
Published: July 2023

Palu defined the index with respect to a cluster tilting object in a suitable triangulated category, in order to better understand the Caldero–Chapoton map that exhibits the connection between cluster algebras and representation theory. We push this further by proposing an index with respect to a contravariantly finite, rigid subcategory, and we show this index behaves similarly to the classical index. Let ${\mathcal{C}}$ be a skeletally small triangulated category with split idempotents, which is thus an extriangulated category $({\mathcal{C}},{\mathbb{E}},{\mathfrak{s}})$. Suppose ${\mathcal{X}}$ is a contravariantly finite, rigid subcategory of ${\mathcal{C}}$. We define the index $ {\operatorname{\textrm{ind}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}(C)$ of an object $C\in{\mathcal{C}}$ with respect to ${\mathcal{X}}$ as the $ {K}{_{0}}$-class $[C {]}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}$ in Grothendieck group $ {K}{_{0}}({\mathcal{C}}, {{\mathbb{E}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}, {{\mathfrak{s}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}})$ of the relative extriangulated category $({\mathcal{C}}, {{\mathbb{E}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}, {{\mathfrak{s}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}})$. By analogy to the classical case, we give an additivity formula with error term for $ {\operatorname{\textrm{ind}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}$ on triangles in ${\mathcal{C}}$. In case ${\mathcal{X}}$ is contained in another suitable subcategory ${\mathcal{T}}$ of ${\mathcal{C}}$, there is a surjection $Q\colon{K}{_{0}}({\mathcal{C}}, {{\mathbb{E}}}{_{{\mathcal{T}}}}, {{\mathfrak{s}}}{_{{\mathcal{T}}}}) \twoheadrightarrow{K}{_{0}}({\mathcal{C}}, {{\mathbb{E}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}, {{\mathfrak{s}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}})$. Thus, in order to describe $ {K}{_{0}}({\mathcal{C}}, {{\mathbb{E}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}}, {{\mathfrak{s}}}{_{{\mathcal{X}}}})$, it suffices to determine $ {K}{_{0}}({\mathcal{C}}, {{\mathbb{E}}}{_{{\mathcal{T}}}}, {{\mathfrak{s}}}{_{{\mathcal{T}}}})$ and $\operatorname{Ker}\nolimits Q$. We do this under certain assumptions.
Intergenerational Effects of Lay Beliefs: How Parents’ Unhealthy = Tasty Intuition Influences Their Children’s Food Consumption and Body Mass Index
Authors: Briers Barbara , Huh Young Eun , Chan Elaine , Mukhopadhyay Anirban
Published: July 2023

Childhood obesity is a major problem worldwide and a key contributor to adult obesity. This research explores caregivers’ lay beliefs and food parenting practices, and their long-term, intergenerational effects on their children’s food consumption and physiology. First, a cross-cultural survey reveals the link between parents’ belief that tasty food is unhealthy and the use of extrinsic rewards to encourage their children to eat healthily, with adverse downstream consequences for the children’s body mass indices. Next, two studies demonstrate the mechanism by which this strategy backfires, as providing extrinsic rewards ironically increases children’s unhealthy food consumption, which in turn leads to an increase in their body mass indices. The final two studies demonstrate potential solutions for public policy and health practitioners, either by manipulating “unhealthy = tasty” beliefs directly or by breaking the association between these food beliefs and the use of extrinsic rewards through an intervention.
Homoharringtonine sensitizes pancreatic cancer to erlotinib by direct targeting and miRNA-130b-3p-mediated EphB4-JAK2-STAT3 axis
Authors: Sarwar Ammar , Zhu Zeren , Zhu Man , Tang Xiaoyu , Su Qi , Yang Tianfeng , Tang Wenjun , Zhang Yanmin
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a very lethal malignancy with a scarcity of treatment options. Although erlotinib- and gemcitabine-based treatments have been approved for PC, their effectiveness is limited. The present study is aimed at exploring the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of anticancer activities of homoharringtonine (HHT) and its interaction with erlotinib to develop a potential therapeutic strategy for PC.

Methods

The RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence and expression-vectors and oligonucleotide transfection were employed to determine the expression characteristics of onco-factors. Anticancer activities were determined by MTT, colony forming, and flowcytometric analysis. Dual luciferase assay was conducted to confirm putative target of miR-130b-3p. In-vivo experiments were followed by immunohistochemical assay.

Key findings

The EphB4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway drives the growth and proliferation of PC through induction of prosurvival factors and cell cycle mediators. HHT directly and epigenetically via miR-130b-3p targets EphB4, leading to downregulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The inactivation of STAT3 results in diminution of antiapoptotic factors and cell cycle mediators. HHT also enhances the anticancer activity of erlotinib.

Conclusions

HHT demonstrates potential anticancer activities in PC by downregulating EphB4/JAK2/STAT3 signalling. HHT also produces synergistic effects with erlotinib.
Tracing the transmission of mpox through wastewater surveillance in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Amarasiri Mohan , Phattharapornjaroen Phatthranit , Hurst Cameron , Modchang Charin , Chadsuthi Sudarat , Anupong Suparinthon , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Cui Longzhu , Thuptimdang Wanwara , Ali Hosseini Rad S M , Fernandez Stefan , Huang Angkana T , Vatanaprasan Porames , Jay Dylan John , Saethang Thammakorn , Luk-in Sirirat , Storer Robin James , Ounjai Puey , Ragupathi Naveen Kumar Devanga , Kanthawee Phitsanuruk , Sano Daisuke , Furukawa Takashi , Sei Kazunari , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Higgins Paul G , Nanbo Asuka , Kicic Anthony , Singer Andrew C , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Trowsdale Sam , Siow Richard , Shibuya Kenji , Abe Shuichi , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Hongsing Parichart
Published: July 2023

High population density and tourism in Southeast Asia increase the risk of mpox due to frequent interpersonal contacts. Our wastewater surveillance in six Southeast Asian countries revealed positive signals for Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA, indicating local transmission. This alerts clinicians and helps allocate resources like testing, vaccines and therapeutics in resource-limited countries.
Eccentricity dynamics of wide binaries – I. The effect of Galactic tides
Authors: Modak Shaunak , Hamilton Chris
Published: July 2023

A major puzzle concerning the wide stellar binaries (semimajor axes a ≳ 103 au) in the Solar neighbourhood is the origin of their observed superthermal eccentricity distribution function (DF), which is well approximated by P(e) ∝ eα with α ≈ 1.3. This DF evolves under the combined influence of (i) tidal torques from the Galactic disc and (ii) scattering by passing stars, molecular clouds, and substructure. Recently, it was demonstrated that Galactic tides alone cannot produce a superthermal eccentricity DF from an initially isotropic, non-superthermal one, under the restrictive assumptions that the eccentricity DF was initially of power-law form and then was rapidly phase-mixed toward a steady state by the tidal perturbation. In this paper, we first prove analytically that this conclusion is valid at all times, regardless of these assumptions. We then adopt a thin Galactic disc model and numerically integrate the equations of motion for several ensembles of tidally perturbed wide binaries to study the time evolution in detail. We find that even non-power-law DFs can be described by an effective power-law index αeff which accurately characterizes both their initial and final states, and that a DF with initial (effective or exact) power-law index αi is transformed by Galactic tides into another power law with index αf ≈ (1 + αi)/2 on a time-scale $\sim 4\, \mathrm{Gyr}\, (a/10^4\mathrm{AU})^{-3/2}$. In a companion paper, we investigate separately the effect of stellar scattering. As the GAIA data continues to improve, these results will place strong constraints on wide binary formation channels.
Discovery of periodic hot subdwarf variables through a systematic search in Zwicky Transient Facility data
Authors: Wang Kevin , Kupfer Thomas , Barlow Brad N
Published: July 2023

We conduct a systematic search for periodic variables in the hot subdwarf catalogue using data from the Zwicky Transient Facility. We present the classification of 67 HW Vir binaries, 496 reflection effect, pulsation or rotation sinusoids, 11 eclipsing signals, and 4 ellipsoidally modulated binaries. Of these, 486 are new discoveries that have not been previously published including a new mass-transferring hot subdwarf binary candidate. These sources were determined by applying the Lomb–Scargle and box least squares periodograms along with manual inspection. We calculated variability statistics on all periodic sources, and compared our results to traditional methods of determining astrophysical variability. We find that ≈60 per cent of variable targets, mostly sinusoidal variability, would have been missed using a traditional varindex cut. Most HW Virs, eclipsing systems, and all ellipsoidal variables were recovered with a varindex >0.02. We also find a significant reddening effect, with some variable hot subdwarfs meshing with the main-sequence stripe in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Examining the positions of the variable stars in Galactic coordinates, we discover a higher proportion of variable stars within |b| < 25° of the Galactic plane, suggesting that the Galactic plane may be fertile grounds for future discoveries if photometric surveys can effectively process the clustered field.
Effect of belimumab on kidney-related outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis: post hoc subgroup analyses of the phase 3 BLISS-LN trial
Authors: Anders Hans-Joachim , Furie Richard , Malvar Ana , Zhao Ming-Hui , Hiromura Keiju , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Green Yulia , Jones-Leone Angela , Negrini Daniela , Levy Roger A , Lightstone Liz , Tanaka Yoshiya , Rovin Brad H
Published: July 2023

Background

Data on belimumab efficacy in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) according to diagnosis duration or induction therapy are limited. Post hoc analyses of the phase 3, randomized, double-blind BLISS-LN study (GSK BEL114054; NCT01639339) were performed to assess belimumab efficacy on kidney-related outcomes in newly diagnosed and relapsed LN subgroups and according to the use of glucocorticoid (GC) pulses at induction.

Methods

BLISS-LN randomized 448 patients with active LN to monthly intravenous belimumab 10 mg/kg or placebo plus standard therapy. Post hoc analyses assessed primary efficacy renal response (PERR) and complete renal response (CRR) at week 104, time to kidney-related event or death and time to first LN flare from week 24 in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients and patients with/without GC pulses at induction.

Results

A greater proportion of patients achieved a PERR with belimumab versus placebo in the newly diagnosed {69/148 [46.6%] versus 55/148 [37.2%]; odds ratio [OR] 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–2.20]} and relapsed [27/75 (36.0%) versus 17/75 (22.7%); OR 2.31 (95% CI 1.07–5.01)] subgroups. Similarly for CRR [newly diagnosed: 50/148 (33.8%) versus 36/148 (24.3%); OR 1.49 (95% CI 0.88–2.51) and relapsed: 17/75 (22.7%) versus 8/75 (10.7%); OR 3.11 (95% CI 1.16–8.31)]. The probability of kidney-related event or death, or LN flare was lower with belimumab versus placebo in both subgroups. Belimumab was associated with improved kidney outcomes versus placebo with or without GC pulses at induction.

Conclusion

Data suggest consistent benefits of belimumab on kidney outcomes for newly diagnosed and relapsed patients, and irrespective of GC pulses at induction.
TERT Promoter Mutations Frequency Across Race, Sex, and Cancer Type
Authors: El Zarif Talal , Machaalani Marc , Nawfal Rashad , Nassar Amin H , Xie Wanling , Choueiri Toni K , Pomerantz Mark
Published: July 2023

Background

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter mutations have been explored, as biomarkers of improved survival for patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We sought to investigate their prevalence by race and sex across different cancer types to inform patient selection in clinical trials.

Results

In this observational study, 31 925 patients with cancer underwent next-generation sequencing of their tumors with 88% (27 970) patients self-reported being Whites, 7.1% (2273) Asians, and 5.3% (1682) Blacks. Examining the distribution of TERT promoter mutations by race, White patients with melanoma harbored more TERT promoter mutations than Asian and Black patients (OR = 25.83; 95%CI, 6.84-217.42; P < .001). In contrast, Asian patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) harbored more TERT promoter mutations compared to White patients (OR = 2.47; 95%CI, 1.39-4.37; P = .004). In addition, the distribution of TERT promoter mutations differed by sex. Males were enriched for TERT gene promoter mutations compared to females with melanoma (OR = 1.82; 95%CI, 1.53-2.16; P < .001), cancer of unknown primary (OR = 1.96; 95%CI, 1.43-2.69; P < .001), hepatobiliary (OR = 3.89; 95%CI, 2.65-5.69; P < .001), and thyroid cancers (OR = 1.42; 95%CI, 1.10-1.84; P = .0087), while females were more enriched for TERT promoter mutations compared to males for HNC (OR = 0.56; 95%CI, 0.39-0.81; P = .0021).

Conclusions

The prevalence of TERT gene promoter mutations varies among patients with cancer based on race and sex. These findings inform our understanding of cancer biology and can assist in the design of future clinical trials that leverage drugs targeting TERT promoter dependencies.
Mitochondria Are a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Basavalingiah Anish J. , Fang Yan Shi , Yan Shirley ShiDu
Published: July 2023

Mitochondria are organelles that play an essential role in many cellular processes including, but not limited to, oxidative phosphorylation, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis signaling. Mitochondrial dysfunction is pertinent to the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases; more specifically, it has been shown to be involved in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction in AD manifests through various mechanisms, including opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), impaired mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction of mitophagy, and aberrant protein import, among others. No current effectively cure for AD exists and current therapies target the aforementioned mechanisms but struggle to produce positive effects on AD pathology while also being able to cross the blood brain barrier, have high bioavailability, and low levels of cytotoxicity and immunosuppression. Thus, the development of new, clinically viable therapeutic targets and strategies is imperative to furthering the ability to successfully treat AD. This review covers the various levels of mitochondrial dysfunction present in AD pathology, outlines past and current therapeutic targets and strategies, and postulates ways to efficiently discover effective therapies for AD.
Constance Naden
Authors: Stainthorp Clare
Published: July 2023

Constance Naden (1858–1889) was a freethinker whose scientific studies during the 1880s provided a foundation for an idealist-materialist philosophy that rejected dualism. While most scholarship labels her a poet, she identified more strongly as a philosopher. The development of her thought can be traced through her essays and poems, published both independently and in periodicals. Naden initially propounded the theory of Hylo-Idealism, but she became increasingly uneasy with dogmatic advocacy of a single creed and, influenced by Herbert Spencer’s Synthetic Philosophy and the radical freethought movement, came to write more broadly about ethics and the social nature of humanity. Her mature writings focused on Cosmic Identity, a relational system that found unity in diversity and prioritized mutual understanding over individualism. This chapter traces Naden’s development as a thinker, outlining her cumulative philosophical practice through which she synthesized diverse knowledge to develop a secular theory of life and mind.
Pastorals in the City
Authors: Pandit Huzaifa
Published: July 2023

The desire to trace localized nodes of memory and resistance is a recurrent motif in Kashmiri American poet Agha Shahid Ali’s work. A significant part of his oeuvre is dedicated to exploring the subjectivities of postcolonial marginality. This chapter seeks to explore select poems from his critically acclaimed collection The Country without a Post Office. It also explores the collection’s shift from the “restorative nostalgia” that pervades his earlier work to a “reflective nostalgia” of fragmentation, loss, and irreversibility. The poems establish Kashmir as a liminal space of nostalgic longing, reclamation, and loss, where multiple and contradictory trajectories of nation-making converge to articulate counter-discursive allegories of the nation.
The Natural Evolution of Computing
Authors: Duran-Nebreda Salva , Valverde Sergi
Published: July 2023

The evolution of computing is an example of a major, transformative technological adaptation still unfolding in human history. Information technologies are supported by many other knowledge domains that have evolved through a cumulative cultural process, yet at the same time computing affects the tempo and mode of cultural evolution, greatly accelerating innovation processes driven by recombination of present technologies. Additionally, computing has created entire new domains for cumulative cultural evolution, furthering an era dominated by digital economies and media. These new domains offer very desirable qualities for cultural evolution research and digital archaeology, including good coverage in data completeness in widely different aspects of human culture, from social networks to innovation in programming languages. We review the major transitions in information technologies, with especial interest in their connections to a biological evolutionary framework. In particular, software versus hardware evolution poses an interesting example of symbiotic technologies that display strong social dependencies as well as an extrinsic fitness due to energetic and temporal constrains. Properly accounting for the interplay of material and social factors can explain the coexistence of gradualism and punctuated dynamics in cultural and technological evolution.
The Cultural Transmission and Evolution of Folk Narratives
Authors: Tehrani Jamshid J.
Published: July 2023

Folk narratives—such as fairy tales, legends, and fables—are products of tradition, rather than individual authors. As they get passed on from person to person and from generation to generation new variants evolve, some of which catch on and generate new traditions, while others soon fade into extinction. Folklorists have long been interested in documenting and reconstructing these processes, but have often been stymied by the limitations of the folklore record. Cultural Evolution has brought powerful new concepts and methods to investigate the transmission histories of folk narratives, from comparative phylogenetic analyses of the relationships among similar tales from different cultures, to experimental studies of how stories mutate and evolve through oral transmission. This chapter reviews these contributions and considers prospects for future research into the cultural evolution of folk narrative traditions.
Inaugural dropped head syndrome and camptocormia in inflammatory myopathies: a retrospective study
Authors: Robert Marie , Lessard Lola E R , Bouhour Françoise , Petiot Philippe , Fenouil Tanguy , Svahn Juliette , Fiscus Julie , Fabien Nicole , Perard Laurent , Robinson Philip , Durieu Isabelle , Coury Fabienne , Streichenberger Nathalie , Hot Arnaud , Gallay Laure
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Inaugural axial muscle involvement, defined as dropped head syndrome (DHS) and/or camptocormia (CC), is poorly described in inflammatory myopathies (IM). This study aimed to further characterize IM patients with inaugural DHS/CC, their outcome and care management.

Methods

This retrospective study included IM patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2021. The main inclusion criterion was IM revealed by axial muscle deficit (DHS/CC).

Results

Twenty-seven patients were included; median (IQR) age at first symptoms was 66.0 years (55.5–75.0); 21 were female (77.8%). There were nine IBM, 33.3%, nine overlap myositis (OM, 33.3%), five DM, 18.5%, two immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis (7.4%), one focal myositis (3.7%) and one myositis with anti-Hu antibodies (3.7%). Age at first symptoms was ≤70 years in 16 patients (59.3%), including all DM patients and 8/9 OM patients (88.9%). In this group, partial remission of the disease was obtained in 9/16 (56.3%) and complete remission in 1/16 patients (6.3%); regression of DHS/CC was achieved in 3/16 patients (18.8%). Conversely, in the group of 11 patients aged >70 years at first symptoms, there were eight IBM (72.7%). Partial remission was obtained in 5/11 patients (45.5%), the disease was stable in 6/11 patients (54.5%); no complete remission was obtained nor regression of DHS/CC.

Conclusion

The analysis of IM patients with inaugural DHS/CC delineates two groups of patients according to the age at first symptoms in terms of clinical and outcome specificities, and proposes an adapted diagnostic and care management approach to prevent long-term complications.