bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje autodirigido: Enseñanza de la avifauna en una Institución Rural (La Calera)
Authors: Cortés-Dussán Germán Duglas , Araméndiz-Méndez Amine Paola , Cantor-Marentes Heidy Rocío
Published: August 2023

Esta investigación se desarrolló en la Institución Educativa Departamental Rural (IEDR) El Salitre en el municipio de La Calera, (Cundinamarca). Se diseñó una estrategia didáctica con la construcción, diseño e implementación de un Espacio Virtual de Aprendizaje sobre la importancia ecosistémica de las aves, dirigido a veintidós estudiantes de grado noveno. El ejercicio promovió la conservación de la biodiversidad y motivó la reflexión y el sentido crítico de los participantes, respecto al tema de estudio. Para esto, se llevó a cabo la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, aplicada en tres fases: diagnóstico, implementación y evaluación. El uso de la clasificación taxonómica logró incorporar una relación con los Estándares Básicos de Competencias y los Derechos Básicos de Aprendizaje en Ciencias Naturales. Esta estrategia de educación ambiental en la ruralidad permitió a los estudiantes acercarse al conocimiento de las especies de aves de su territorio, su ecología y su rol en el ecosistema.
Effect of Gear Transmission System to Vibration Test Machine
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, Junaidi Abdul , Weriono Weriono ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, MS Deden ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

This research aims to investigate the vibration analysis for equipment test of chassis. The frame model of the gear transmission vibration test is developed. The prototype of the vibration and noise testing tool was constructed for the gear transmission system. The vibration equipment test consists of three gears that function as a gear transmission. The chassis is considered to be one of the vital elements of equipment. The rotation of gears and shafts can occur the vibration. The simulation with the 3D model using ANSYS was resulted in structure analysis. The simulation was resulted in total deformation, equivalent strain, and equivalent stress where the structure of the equipment was definitely safe and had good stability.
Inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in acute lung injury using hydrogen: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Guoshen , Shi Yanhua , Kong Lingyu , Lv Kaixuan , Zhang Lichun , Yang Mei , Tian Na , Yang Nana
Published: August 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) results from excessive inflammation and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hydrogen, known as a reducing substance, has been commonly used in preclinical trials of ALI. The present paper aims to summarize the effects of hydrogen on animal models of ALI and the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammation mechanisms of hydrogen. We conducted a thorough search of the relevant literature on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI. Data retrieved from 20 studies were analyzed to assess the beneficial effects of hydrogen therapy on ALI animal models. To evaluate the effects of hydrogen, commonly assessed outcome indicators include wet-to-dry ratio (W/D), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The results demonstrate that hydrogen reduces pulmonary edema (W/D: 95% CI = −0.98 – −0.85, P < 0.001), mitigates hypoxia (PaO2: 95% CI = 6.08 – 22.30, P < 0.001), represses lipid peroxidation (MDA: 95% CI = −2.12 – −1.06, P < 0.001), scavenges free radicals (SOD: 95% CI = 10.12 – 30.07, P < 0.001), and inhibits inflammatory response (TNF-α: 95% CI = −5.52 – −1.72, P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis showed significant differences between interventions (MDA: P < 0.05; TNF-α: P < 0.05; SOD: P < 0.001). The meta-regression suggests that species may cause heterogeneity (P < 0.05). These results suggest the potential of using hydrogen in clinical trials. Different interventions with hydrogen can affect metabolic transport and distribution in vivo. Further studies should be conducted to validate and confirm these findings.
Novel Strategy for Optimizing the Antibacterial Activity of Psidium guajava Against Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Streptococcus spp.
Authors: Gideon Mathew
Published: August 2023

The development of a new antibiotic is a challenging task, with an estimated failure rate of 95%. Minor changes in the chemical structure of a drug, such as stereochemistry, geometry, or functional group modifications, can significantly impact its medicinal activity. In this study, we aim to devise novel strategies for optimizing the antimicrobial properties of guava leaf extract through simple reactions, either by self-reaction or combination reactions with a reagent, drug, or different plant extract. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed conjugation and formation of new functional groups in the prepared sample of Guava Guava (GG) and Guava Aspirin Guava (GAG), which were further confirmed by weight analysis. The results demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants can be improved or optimized through simple reactions, such as combining the plant extract with a non-antimicrobial drug like aspirins or adding a small volume of concentrated sulfuric acid to the plant extract by heating at a temperature range of 100 – 110°C. Among the two combinatory methods used, GG exhibited better performance in inhibiting the growth of all tested bacterial strains at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL compared to GAG at the same concentration, which inhibited the growth of only two bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. These methods can be further explored and applied in various studies, including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer research, leveraging the availability and diverse range of natural products found in medicinal plants.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES OF TRANSFORMATIONS AND CHANGES IN BUSINESS
Authors: Sofia Paliani Sofia Paliani
Published: August 2023

In the article - "Contemporary challenges of transformations and changes in business" - the views of various scientists (Moran, Brightman, Jones Gumming and others) on the essence of transformations are first characterized, and then - the need for transformations in companies and the challenges they face in today's digital environment is discussed. The article states that many changes have taken place in the world in the last decade, but the most important among them was (and is) digitalization of business and economy, which practically changed the world and required a change in people's thinking. People born in the 21st century, who are called "digital natives", could easily adapt to this innovation, but those born in the previous century, who are called "digital immigrants", could not adapt.
Nowadays, 95-98% of managers employed in business are "digital immigrants". They find it difficult to drive digital transformations because they can't change their mindset. Total digitization of business requires generational change.
The article also discusses a number of ongoing transformations, which seem to be not difficult to implement, but managers avoid it due to fear of failure. The author of the article advises them to get acquainted with the ADKAR model for this purpose, through which they will successfully carry out transformations.
Keywords: changes; transformations; digital challenges; ADKAR model.
Implementasi Kebijakan City Branding Madiun Kota Pendekar dan Dampaknya bagi Kota Madiun
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso , Halim Abdul , Puspadyna Bilyastuti Mai , Kristanti Setyaningtyas Ester
Published: August 2023

This study aims to find out how the strategy for implementing the city branding policy for Madiun, the City of Pendekar and its impact on the City of Madiun. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation techniques, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Then for data analysis, the researcher did it in the following stages: (a) data collection; (b) data assessment; (c) data interpretation; and (d) data inference. The results showed that the implementation of the city branding policy for Madiun City Pendekar was well implemented through several program strategies, namely: 1) making the Madiun City Pendekar logo and clothing; 2) identity development through warrior statues; 3) Development of the Pencak Silat Gallery; 4) the Friends of Pencak Silat program; 5) organizing pencak silat events; and 6) empowering youth communities and the creative economy. The city branding policy of Madiun City of Pendekar has had a positive impact, namely improving communication between silat schools, increasing security and public order, and providing support for city tour policies. However, this positive impact is considered not optimal because clashes or brawls between silat schools still occur at low intensity.
ANALISIS KESULITAN PENYELESAIAN SOAL GEOMETRI PADA SD ISLAM AL AZHAR 34 MAKASSAR
Authors: Herlina  , Rukli  , Erwin Akib
Published: August 2023

Geometry at the elementary school level brings various benefits to students. Firstly, it is a critical stage in the development of spatial abilities. Geometry helps students understand the world around them in different ways. This study aims to analyze the difficulties in solving geometry problems among elementary school students. The research design used is quantitative research with data collection techniques using tests and documentation. The research subjects are fifth-grade students of SD Islam Al Azhar 34 Makassar, consisting of 30 individuals. The research sample consists of 5 students. The results of the study indicate that visual-spatial understanding, perception, interpretation, and mathematical communication skills play a crucial role in students' understanding of geometric concepts. Student A needs to be introduced to the concept of classifying plane figures to improve their spatial understanding, while student B needs a deeper understanding of the types of plane figures. Student C needs to develop mathematical communication skills and pay attention to the instructions of the problems in order to accurately transfer their understanding of concepts. Student D has adequate conceptual understanding but needs to improve their accuracy in solving the final steps. Student E has good conceptual understanding of solving geometry problems but needs to be reminded of the importance of completing all solution steps accurately. An approach that includes introducing the concept of classifying plane figures, deepening understanding of the types of plane figures, developing mathematical communication skills, and paying attention to problem instructions needs to be implemented to enhance students' understanding of geometric concepts and their ability to solve problems accurately.
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP KARAKTER RELIGIUS PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS II DI SDN 21/II RANTAU IKIL KEMATAN JUJUHAN
Authors: Lika Apreasta  , Yulia Darniyanti  , Ela Pertiwi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to see how the impact of using smartphones, the religious character of students and the efforts of teachers in instilling religious character in students. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type, the informant selection technique was carried out by means of purposive sampling. Data collection techniques with in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman models. The results of this study are in accordance with the formulation of the problem (1) the impact of using smartphones on the religious character of students, (2) the efforts of teachers in instilling religious character in students. Based on the formulation of the problem, it can be formulated that the impact of smartphone use greatly influences the religious character of students. As for the impact of using a smartphone, namely (a) likes to rebel or fight, (b) lack of interest in learning, (c) lazy to pray, (d) arrogant, (e) likes to be alone. These efforts were carried out by the teachers to shape the personality of students to be better, and have good character as well.
PERAN KOMPETENSI GURU PENGGERAK DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sitti Rahma  , Irwan Akib  , Rukli
Published: August 2023

This study aims to investigate the role of competence of teacher motivators in enhancing student motivation in elementary schools. Through observation and interviews conducted at UPT SPF SD Inpres Karuwisi 2, it was found that teacher motivators have a significant impact on student motivation in learning. By implementing effective strategies such as providing praise and recognition, actively involving students, and maintaining communication with parents, teacher motivators are able to create a positive and motivating learning environment. This is supported by motivational theories from experts, such as Self-Determination Theory, Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Goal Setting Theory, and Social-Cognitive Theory. With competent teacher motivators, students experience improved motivation in learning, become motivated, confident, and achieve better academic performance. In conclusion, the competence of teacher motivators plays a crucial role in enhancing student motivation in elementary schools and positively influencing the overall development of students' potentials.
e Knowledge of the UKM Community on the Use of Digital Marketing Strategies in Ciherang Pondok Village, Kec. Caringin Based on Islamic Economic Perspective
Authors: Awaludin Ardi Gusnadi , Rahmat Fariddudin Malikur
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze people's knowledge and skills about digital marketing, especially in social media platforms for Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) actors who can increase sales and profits. In this study the authors used a qualitative descriptive research methodology. The object of this research is the SMEs in Ciherang Pondok Village, Caringin Subdistrict. The results of this study indicate that there are still many factors that hinder the people of Ciherang Pondok Village from using digital marketing. Marketing through online can increase and marketing profits. From the results of the study it was found that only a small proportion actively used social media as a means of promotion, the use of accounts was not separated between personal and shops. This also causes a lack of customer convenience in visiting the store. The reason for this is due to the lack of community guidance regarding the understanding and use of technology, especially in digital marketing techniques. Even though many people show great interest in using social media for shopping, because it is practical in its use, so do sellers who show an interest in using digital marketing but are hampered by their knowledge
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Perspective
Authors: Silva Altieres de Oliveira , Janes Diego dos Santos
Published: August 2023

Objective: This synthesis explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in augmenting the educational process, addressing the global teacher shortage, and personalizing learning experiences. The objective is to reconcile the potential of AI in revolutionizing education with the pedagogical and ethical nuances highlighted by leading experts.
Method: A qualitative analysis of insights from UNESCO MGIEP's 'Artificial Intelligence for Education' publication was undertaken. The method involved critically reviewing perspectives on AI's role in education, its ethical considerations, and the historical evolution of AI systems.
Results: The analysis revealed a dual view where AI is positioned as a significant tool for personalizing education and addressing educational disparities. However, it is not seen as altering the fundamental human-centric process of learning but rather augmenting and supporting it.
Conclusions: The convergence of perspectives suggests that while AI can greatly enhance the personalization and accessibility of education, it serves best as a complement to human teaching rather than a replacement. The pedagogical integration of AI necessitates a balanced approach that values ethical considerations and the innate complexity of the learning process.
Kegiatan P5 Guna Mengatasi Learning Loss Dalam Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi di Sekolah
Authors: Putri Tiara Swastika , Rery Usman , Agustina Agustina
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi yang baik kepada satuan pendidikan, pendidik dan siswa tentang gambaran pelaksanaan kegiatan P5 untuk mengatasi learning loss sebagai penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang situasi dan kondisi dengan menyelidiki berbagai sumber kebijakan pemerintah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan observasi. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan observasi kemudian dianalisis. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pohon masalah. Dengan demikian, hasil dari pebelitian ini adalah adanya penerapan kegiatan P5 pada kurikulum merdeka mampu mengatasi Learning Loss dan menyebabkan pembelajaran menjadi pembelajaran terdiferensiasi.
Sistema Integrado de Gestión para la sostenibilidad de la Empresa de Bendita, Lima, 2022
Authors: Cerna Garnique Betsy Roxana Lourdes , Cerna Garnique Pierina Prisila , Cerna Garnique Cinthia Lilibeth , Cerna Garnique Sara Consuelo , Olórtegui Cristóbal Yta Zunilda
Published: August 2023

El presente estudio titulado “Sistema integrado de gestión para la sostenibilidad de la empresa de Bendita S.A.C., Lima, 2022” tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la manera en que el sistema integrado de gestión impacta en la sostenibilidad de la empresa Bendita S.A.C. de la ciudad de Lima, en el periodo 2022. La metodología empleada fue de tipo aplicada de nivel explicativo y diseño experimental de sub diseño preexperimental de pre prueba y post prueba dentro del enfoque cuantitativo. La población fue constituida por 24 meses de implementado el sistema integrado de gestión; la muestra corresponde a los 24 meses en donde se registran 50 reportes de sostenibilidad. El instrumento de recolección de datos fueron los registros y reportes de sostenibilidad empresarial proporcionados por la institución. El estudio demostró que el sistema integrado de gestión impactó significativamente en la sostenibilidad de la empresa Bendita S.A.C. de la ciudad de Lima, en el periodo 2022, según la comparación de medias, la normalidad obtenida por Shapiro – Wilk, de 0.001 antes y 0.001 después y la prueba Z de Wilcoxon de 0.008, p=0,000 < 0,05, lo que significó que existe una relación alta y directa
Utilización de tecnologías educativas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de asignaturas en ciencias. Estudio de caso: software educativo Exploración de la Efectividad de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos
Authors: Román Aguilar María Magdalena , Jumbo Castillo Esther Maricela , Cunalata Miguel Ángel , Tusa Jumbo Fernanda Esperanza , Maza Cordova Jorge
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo se centró en la integración de tecnologías educativas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en América Latina. El objetivo principal fue analizar el impacto de estas tecnologías, como aplicaciones móviles, realidad aumentada y plataformas educativas, en la motivación y comprensión de conceptos por parte de los estudiantes. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología mixta, combinando revisión bibliográfica con estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos en diferentes contextos educativos de la región. Los resultados evidenciaron un aumento significativo en la retención de información y en la motivación estudiantil cuando se implementan adecuadamente estas herramientas. Sin embargo, también se destacó la importancia de la formación docente y la infraestructura adecuada para su óptima implementación. Además, se identificaron desafíos en términos de acceso y adaptación cultural de las herramientas a contextos específicos. En conclusión, las tecnologías educativas ofrecen oportunidades significativas para mejorar la educación en América Latina, pero es esencial considerar diversos factores para su efectiva integración
Genome wide in-silico analysis of NPR1 gene family in Citrus reticulata and its comparison with Arabidopsis
Authors: Ali Mobeen , Rizvi Syeda Shehar   Bano , Shafiq Muhammad , Javed Muhammad   Arshad , Shahid Ahmad Ali , Ali Numan , Haseeb Muhammad , Tabassum Nosheen
Published: August 2023

Nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 (NPR1), and its paralogue are important salicylic acid (SA) receptors that play important roles in plant defense. NPR gene family analysis has not yet been conducted in C. reticulata. The CrNPR1-like and AtNPR1-like protein sequences were retrieved from online genome databases and were subjected to various bioinformatics tools. This study presents the first genome-wide identification of NPR1 gene in C. reticulata, resulting in 7 family members. Phylogenetic analysis of 7 CrNPR1-like proteins, along with NPR1-related proteins from 15 species revealed that the proteins were grouped into three major clades. The CrNPR1-like genes in the same Arabidopsis subfamilies had similar protein domain compositions, number of exons and conserved motifs. All 7 CrNPR genes were segmented duplicated, and no tandem duplicate was observed. Transcriptome data revealed note-worthy expression in leaf, fruit and rind patterns of CrNPR1-like genes. Nearly six out of seven CrNPR, expressed in leaf infected with Xylella fastidiosa, indicates that these tissues and organs contribute to improved defense response against pathogens. These results pave the way for more functional characterization of NPR1s in C. reticulate and related species.
Increasing yield and quality of citrus by pruning and fertilization
Authors: . Sakhidin , Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da , Purwantono Anung Slamet Dwi , Suparto Slamet Rohadi
Published: August 2023

Pruning and fertilization are factors that can determine the production and quality of citrus. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pruning intensity and fertilizer doses of N (nitrogen), P (phosporus), and K (potassium) on citrus production and quality. The study was carried out in a citrus orchard in Central Java, Indonesia, over the course of two seasons, 2016-17 and 2017-18.The experiment was conducted as a two-factorial, completely randomized block design where the first factor was pruning intensity, namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 % of the total number of branches per tree while the second factor was doses of N, P, and K fertilizers, namely 0, 2, and 4 % of the weight of harvested citrus fruit in the previous season. The result showed that increasing doses of N, P, K fertilizers from 0 to 4 % increased fruit set, harvested fruits, fruit size, content of vitamin C, sugar, and soluble solid. The highest fruit set, weight of harvested fruits, and content of vitamin C were achieved by pruning intensity of 10 %.
Ergonomic evaluation of hand tools used in grape pruning activities in vineyards
Authors: Thiyagarajan R. , Surendrakumar A. , Palaniselvam V.
Published: August 2023

Grape farming is a labour-intensive operation, with pruning as one of the tasks performed with hand tools. Most of the tropical countries use locally made and commercially available hand pruning tools for grape pruning. Different pruning tools were selected for ergonomic evaluation and refinement was completed based on the physiological responses of the subjects. The comparison between the commercially available Economy tool (M2), Maharashtra tool (L1) and Karnataka tool (L2) model pruner shows that the model Economy tool (M2) gives better performance. Economy tool (M2) model is highly preferred by the grape farmers due to its high performance and more comfort than Maharashtra tool (L1) and Karnataka tool (L2) pruner. This is due to standard material, shape of the pruner slightly bent for easy handling. In Maharashtra (L1) and Karnataka pruning tool (L2) due to direct pressure or “contact stress” refers to on-going contact between a part of the body and a hard edge or surface which in cause the discomfort and pain. Similarly, pressure points of any type can interfere with production. The physiological responses were measured and compared between the ergo refined pruning tool (EM3) and other selected pruning tools. The results for the Ergo refined pruning tool (EM3) registered are 95.2 beats min-1 (Heart rate), 0.566 l min-1 (Oxygen consumption), 11.81 KJ min-1 (Energy expenditure), 30.31 and 20.8 percent of AWL and LCP which is lower values when compared to other selected pruning tools. It was also observed that cutting frequency and area coverage for selected pruning tool varies from 11 to 24 cuts/ min and 750 to 1350 m2/ h. Ergo refined pruning tool (EM3) registered 24 cuts/ min and 1350 m2/ h when compared with other pruning tools. A full hand loop was fitted below the lower handle to improve grip and uniformly apply force throughout the pruning operation, resulting in increased area coverage and frequency of cut.
Increasing off-season snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) yield by preventing fruit set failure with different exogenous auxin spray
Authors: Rai I.N. , Wiraatmaja I.W. , Astiari N.K. Alit , Dwiyani R.
Published: August 2023

Snake fruit blooms every three months, but only one to two of the flowering seasons result in fruit production. Failure of fruit set causes the fruit harvest seasonally. Therefore, the aim of this research was to increase off-season production by preventing the failure of fruit set with various exogenous auxin spray. The research was conducted in the snake fruit orchard at Bebandem Sub-District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia, from February to November 2019. The experiment was designed as a nested factorial with a randomized block design. The treatment consisted of three types of auxin with a specific concentration for each, IAA at 0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm, IBA at 0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm, and NAA at 0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The IAA, IBA, and NAA were sprayed on the flowers and leaves 3 times in March, April, and May. The results showed the highest percentage of fruit set, fruit weight per tree, and weight per fruit obtained with IAA treatment were 59.80 %, 2,612.91 g, and 91.06 g, respectively. These results were not statistically different to those of the IBA and NAA. Furthermore, the IAA concentration of 25, 50, and 75 ppm produced a significantly higher percentage of fruit set compared with the control. The increased fruit set in the IAA, IBA and NAA treatments resulted in better yield than the control. The novelty of this result is that spraying snake fruit with IAA, IBA and NAA can prevent the failure of the fruit set. Therefore, IAA, IBA, and NAA are recommended to be applied to increase off-season fruit production of snake fruit.
Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of spine gourd powder (Momordica dioica Roxb.) formulated product (Khakra) in STZ induced diabetic rats
Authors: Hamsa R. , Bhuvaneshwari G. , Jagadeesh S.L. , Chandrashekhar V.M. , Basavaraj N. , Natikar N.A.
Published: August 2023

Spine gourd is popular as an emerging underutilized crop due to its various health benefits and medicinal properties. Its powder is used to form a dish called Khakra. Khakra is one of the famous dishes made out of mat bean and wheat flour, a popular dish of western India mainly in Gujarat and Rajasthan, which is used as a snack or during breakfast. During the preparation of Khakra along with whole wheat flour and Bengal gram flour, 50 % of spine gourd powder was used and evaluated for hypoglycaemic activity in STZ induced diabetic wistar rats. The oral administration of Khakra of about 5 to 10 g/rat/day was given for diabetic induced and normal rats for about 21 days and observations were recorded at 0th, 7th, 14th and 21st day for serum glucose (mg/dL), serum cholesterol (mg/dL) and serum haemoglobin (mg/dL). The Group 6 (STZ + Laboratory diet + Spine gourd Khakraat 10g/ kg body weight/day) showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in serum glucose, serum cholesterol and significant increase (P<0.01) in serum haemoglobin which was found to be dose-dependent. In case of normal rats no significant decrease in serum glucose and serum cholesterol was observed.
Floral biology studies in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Verma N. , Kumar R. , Kaur J. , Thakur D.S.
Published: August 2023

Artificial pollination of vegetable crops necessitates the knowledge of crop's floral biology. In this aspect present investigations were carried out, to gather the information on the floral biology of monoecious (K-75 and UHF-CUC-101) and gynoecious (GYNO-1 and GYNO-2) varieties of cucumber at the Experimental Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YSPUHF Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif, 2016. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. The observations were recorded on time of anthesis, dehiscence, pollen viability (%), stigma receptivity and node number bearing first female flower. The experimental results showed that anthesis started at 6AM and completed by 8AM with the maximum anthesis between 6AM to 7AM in monoecious varieties whereas, in gynoecious varieties it was maximum upto 6:00AM in both open and controlled conditions and similar pattern was observed for dehiscence. Dehiscence occurs soon after anthesis. Maximum pollen viability was recorded on the day of anthesis and viability of pollen under refrigerated condition did not decrease as rapidly as it was under room temperature condition with the duration of pollen storage. Maximum stigma receptivity was noticed at anthesis time and pollination during this interval recorded maximum fruit set. Gynoecious lines were earlier in flowering and fruiting than monoecious varieties.
Fruit quality of the low-chill early ripening peach cultivar KU-PP2 is affected by the time of fruit thinning
Authors: Raj Khanal Sanjaya , Beppu Kenji , Kataoka Ikuo , Ryosuke Mochioka
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to see how the timing of fruit thinning affected the fruit quality of the peach cultivar 'KU-PP2'. In the present study. 'KU-PP2' peach trees (12-year-old) were trained to an open center system at the Kagawa University Research Farm in Japan. Fruits were thinned at intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after full bloom (DAFB) on four branches per tree, for a total of 16 branches, to determine the best fruit thinning time for high fruit quality and larger fruit size. The branches were hand-thinned at each thinning date, keeping a distance of 10 cm between the fruits. Fruit maturity was accelerated by the fruit thinning treatments. Fruit weight and size increased when the fruits were thinned at 7 and 28 DAFB. Furthermore, the highest total soluble solids were found at 7, 14 and 28 DAFB, followed by 21 DAFB, which was higher than the control. All of the thinning treatments reduced skin and fruit firmness; however, the treatments did not affect flesh firmness. In control, the fruit colour value L was highest. The fruit colour value a, on the other hand, was the highest at 7 and 28 DAFB. Furthermore, b did not differ significantly between treatments, including the control. Based on our findings, we concluded that the 7 DAFB fruit thinning treatment produced the best results compared to other treatments.
A comparison of onion seedling growth under various environmental conditions, with an emphasis on mechanical transplanting
Authors: Pagare V. , Din M. , Nandede B.M. , Yadav D. , Mehta C.R. , Kumar M. , Singh K.
Published: August 2023

A healthy and robust seedling is one of the benchmarks for mechanical transplantation. The investigation aimed to see how different environmental conditions affect the growth of onion seedlings. Onion seedlings (varieties Puna Fursungi and Gavraan) were grown in an open field nursery compared to a protected structure viz., low tunnel and a 50 % shade net. During the nursery’s growth period, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and solar intensity were recorded. At 50 days after sowing, physical and mechanical properties were observed. Higher temperature was measured in a low tunnel structure, followed by shade net and open field. The shade net structure had the highest percentage of seedling survival (76.23 %), followed by the low tunnel (68.77 %) and the open field (58.37 %). Plant height was also greater in the shade net structure, followed by the low tunnel and open field conditions, respectively. This could be attributed to how plants compete for sunlight, water, aeration, and nutrition under different growing conditions. Except for plant height, all physical and mechanical properties were higher in open field conditions. Because of its adequate strength, the healthy seedling obtained from open field conditions was more suitable for mechanical transplanting.
Differences in morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of grape explants grafted using various micrografting techniques
Authors: Sahar Abd EL-Zaher M.H. , Elwahab M. Abd , El-Sattar Abd El-Gany   Abd , Fathy Heba A.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to improve the micrografting technique for rapid in vitro grapevine plantlet propagation using Flame Seedless scion and Freedom as rootstock. Explants obtained in vitro were cultured in MS media containing 0.4 mg L-1 BAP. For micrografting, six methods were used: sterile wire ties, sterile metal needle, wax, aluminum foil, gel, and callus. Data was collected on morphological and biochemical parameters in micrografts produced using various procedures. With various degrees of success, all in vitro micrografting procedures successfully produced grafts. The best results of morphological parameters were recorded in micrografting in wax method with the highest survival (83.88%), number of shoots/explants (1.77), shoot length (1.66 cm), leaves/shoot (4.55), rooting (58.20 %), root length (1.27 cm). In contrast, the callus method had the least value for these parameters. Wax and aluminum foil methods were found to be a promising alternative to traditional grapevine propagation methods in the study.
Grafting as a tool for improved water use efficiency, physio-biochemical attributes of cucumber plants under deficit irrigation
Authors: Taha S.S. , Abdel-Wahab A. , Hosny S.
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 under net house conditions at the Eastern Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University to investigate the effect of some cucurbit rootstocks on the growth, quality, yield and chemical compositions of cucumber under drought stress. The study included 12 treatments that were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot included two levels of water irrigation (50 or100%) and sub main plot included five rootstocks viz., 1-Bottle Gourd (Legenaria siceraria), 2-Luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca), 3-Squash (Cucurbita pepo), 4- Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) and 5-Shintoza (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata), in addition, to control treatment (Cucumber, cv. Hayel, without grafting). The results indicated that drought stress treatment (50%) significantly reduced leaf area and fruit length compared with normal irrigation (100%). Also, no significant differences were noticed between the treatments of water regime (50 or 100%) on plant height, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll readings, fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit TSS), total yield and K%. On the other hand, grafted cucumber onto luffa rootstock caused a significant decrease in plant height, fruit weight and P and K% in leaves, whereas grafting onto bottle gourd significantly increased leaf area and total yield of cucumber, as compared with control.
Effect of fungal elicitors on morphophysiological characteristics and resistance to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in cut flowers of rose
Authors: Hasanzadeh-Naemi M. , Zarinnia V. , Jari S. Kalateh , Fatehi F.
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to enhance the vase life, maintain quality, and reduce the percentage of infection with gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea using fungal elicitors on cut flowers of roses. Based on a completely randomized design with three replications, a factorial experiment was performed. The eight treatments were as follows: three concentrations of fungal elicitor (600, 800 and 1000 ppm), the three concentrations along with B. cinerea fungal spores, sterile distilled water (as negative control), and B. cinerea spore suspension (positive control). Vase life, cell membrane stability index, superoxide dismutase, catalase, carbohydrate content, and disease severity on the leaves were measured during the experiment. The measurements were carried out on days 3, 7 and 10 after spraying the spores. The results showed that treating rose flowers with the elicitor (1000 ppm) improved soluble carbohydrate preservation, cell membrane stability index, relative water content, catalase enzyme, and leaf superoxide dismutase, resulting in a significant increase in vase life (15.66 days) compared to the control (8.66 days) (P?0.01). Evaluating the disease index also showed that the elicitor (1000 ppm) along with B. cinerea spores caused a significant increase in vase life (12.33 days) compared to the positive control (7.66 days) (P?0.01). Finally, the disease severity in treated samples was lower than that of the B. cinerea treatment as control.
Fortification with Morus indica extract attenuates the formation of AGEs in bread
Authors: Reddy M. Madhavi , Shivakumara C.S. , Anandan Satish
Published: August 2023

Intake of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may be increased by consuming high-sugar meals and foods cooked at high temperatures. AGEs-induced inflammation has been linked to diabetes and degenerative diseases. Leaves from mulberry (Morus indica L) (MI) trees have been used in Chinese medicine for over 3000 years and are a functional food because of their phytochemical content. MI extract was used to substitute 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1% of wheat ?our for making MI wheat bread (MI-B). 5% of turmeric powdered bread (TM-B) was also prepared and used as a positive control. The bread’s overall acceptability was determined using a sensory evaluation on hedonic test. Further, the antioxidant capacity was assayed by using DPPH method and antiglycation effects of MI extract against the formation of ?uorescent AGEs in fortified bread samples. The overall acceptability of bread with MI extract at substitution levels of 0.5% had a good liking score. The total polyphenol content in the MI-B and TM-B were 2.01 mg GAE g-1 and 1.54 mg GAE g-1 on a dry weight basis. MI-B showed significantly higher antioxidant activities, followed by TM-B > control bread. When compared to TM-B, AGEs inhibit fluorescent formation by 31%. Overall, the findings support MI extract as a functional food ingredient in the bread system, providing consumers with a higher antioxidant intake by depleting AGEs load. However, the stability and reactivity of polyphenols during thermal processing should be considered before commercialization.
Identification of gene transcripts contributing to trunking and non-trunking sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
Authors: Hussain H. , Kamarol S.I.L. , Julaihi N. , Tomm R.
Published: August 2023

Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is an economically valuable crop and cultivated widely in Sarawak, Malaysia, for its storage starch. Under certain conditions, such as deep peat areas, some sago palms do not develop well and become stunted, described as non-trunking sago palms. Morphologically, this type of sago palm is abnormal, leading to wastage of various resources and affecting starch production. The research objective was to understand the molecular process that affects non-trunking and starch synthesis in sago palm. Representational Difference Analysis was performed to identify the differences between trunking and non-trunking sago palm transcriptome. This subtractive hybridisation technique detects the differences in gene expression. After three rounds of hybridisation, the differentiated RDA products were cloned and 24 DNA sequences obtained were compared with the sequences in the NCBI database. Results showed that the differentiated genes in response to the non-trunking sago palm have similarities to genes implicated in plant growth, cell metabolism, and salt or osmotic stress. Some of these genes are related to growth, development and signaling involving neutralising the imbalance in plant stress. The information obtained through this work could be used to develop a database on related genes and enzymes contributing to trunking and non-trunking sago palm.
An Investigation on Effects of In-Leaf and Out-of-Leaf Conditions on Propagated Radio Broadcast FM Signal
Authors: Adesanya Aderemi Temitayo , Popoola Julius Jide
Published: August 2023

The daily increasing desire for the right information at any place, anytime, and anywhere by people has made broadcast media indispensable media for disseminating information to the public. Propagation models are deployed in planning and designing wireless communication systems. Different environments do require a unique propagation model. In this paper, least squares regression analysis was utilized to create the path loss models for the in-leaf and out-of-leaf conditions of a teak (Tectona grandis) plantation. The developed model was found to be more suitable compared to the existing Weissberger’s and COST235 models because it gives the least difference in root mean square error of 3.9 dB in the two scenarios compared to COST 234 and Weissberger, which stand at 11.2 dB and 10.8 dB, respectively, and the developed model was closer to the assessed path loss obtained from the measurement carried out. The results of the study establish a standard model that can be deployed in the effective planning and design of wireless communication links for very high bands within the radial distance in the tropical rain forest of 30m to 45m foliage depth. This study confirms the need for distinctive models for radio signals at different locations under different conditions.
A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium (Helotiales, Ascomycota) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan
Authors: Itagaki Hiyori , Hosoya Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2023

Mollisioid fungi, represented by Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst., are characterized by soft, sessile apothecia with globose, dark-celled excipula, hyaline ascospores, and worldwide distribution in temperate regions. Their generic and species delimitation is difficult due to the lack of distinct features, and studies based on DNA sequences are urgently required. Two genera of mollisioid fungi, Belonopsis and Trichobelonium, comprise relatively few species and are recognized by (0–)1–3-septate ascospores, medullary excipulum composed of loosely interwoven hyphae, and calcium oxalate crystals in the excipulum. Specimens of undescribed species that are morphologically assignable to Belonopsis or Trichobelonium were collected from various sites in Japan and their assignment to the proper genera was attempted. According to a molecular phylogenetic analysis involving members of Mollisiaceae based on concatenated sequences of ITS, LSU, and RPB1, eight taxonomic entities were placed in a strongly supported single clade with Mollisia diesbachiana, separated from the type species of Belonopsis, B. excelsior. A new genus Neobelonopsis was thus proposed to accommodate the undescribed species. In this study, eight new species of Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium were described. A new combination was also proposed for M. diesbachiana. The generic distinction of Neobelonopsis and Trichobelonium was supported by molecular analysis. Some additional characteristics to delimit Trichobelonium were identified, such as the presence of anchoring hyphae between the base of the apothecium and subiculum, and the production of abundant crystals and soluble pigments on the colonies. Derivative species of Neobelonopsis were found to have multi-septa in ascospores.
Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia
Authors: Maher Jacob , Stringham Oliver C. , Moncayo Stephanie , Wood Lisa , Lassaline Charlotte R. , Virtue John , Cassey Phillip
Published: August 2023

Invasive plants seriously impact our environmental, agricultural and forestry assets, and the ornamental plant trade is a major introduction pathway. The variety and extent of the ornamental plant trade is growing in reach and is increasingly facilitated by the internet (i.e., through e-commerce). A lack of surveillance and regulation of e-commerce has resulted in invasive species being widely traded on these platforms. Here, we investigated the extent of illegal trade in invasive plant species in Australia by collecting advertisements found on a popular public e-commerce website. Across a 12-month period we collected a total of 235,162 plant advertisements. From 10,000 of these advertisements (4.25% of total advertisements) we found 155 plant taxa advertised online that were prohibited to trade in at least one Australian State or Territory (12.5% of Australia’s total prohibited plant taxa). We detected 1,415 instances of invasive plants advertised, of which 411 breached local jurisdictional (i.e., State or Territory) laws. Opuntia cacti and invasive aquatic plants were traded in the greatest quantities. A variety of uses for plants prohibited to trade were reported by the sellers, with aquatic uses being the most popular (i.e., water filtering and habitat for aquatic animals). We used generalised linear mixed-effects models to test the effect of prohibiting the sale of invasive plants on the quantity and price of online advertisements. Despite Australia’s strict internal biosecurity regulations, we found that trade prohibitions had no influence on the quantity and price of trade in illegal invasive plants. Given this, and the extent of illegal invasive plants traded, we believe increased monitoring and regulation of online plant trade is warranted. We demonstrate that targeted searches using string matching is an effective tool for detecting e-commerce trade of invasive species. However, to obtain the most optimal outcomes, regulations should be coupled with increased cooperation from e-commerce platforms and public awareness campaigns. Future weed risk assessments should consider online trade as a key factor in the long-distance dispersal and propagule pressure of a plant. Jurisdictions would also benefit from greater alignment on plant trade prohibitions and revision of associated compliance policies.