bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of In-Vitro Biological Activities of Methyl Eugenol Rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., Leaf Essential Oil with Pure Methyl Eugenol Compound
Authors: Gogoi Roktim , Loying Rikraj , Sarma Neelav , Begum Twahira , Pandey Sudin K. , Lal Mohan
Published: February 2020

Background:

The essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack. was evaluated and its bioactivities were compared with pure methyl eugenol. So far, methyl eugenol rich essential oil of lemongrass was not studied for any biological activities; hence, the present study was conducted.

Objective:

This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., and evaluated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and herbicidal properties and genotoxicity, which were compared with pure compound, methyl eugenol.

Material and Methods:

Methyl eugenol rich variety of Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., with registration no. INGR18037 (c.v. Jor Lab L-9) was collected from experimental farm CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam (26.7378°N, 94.1570°E). The essential oil wasobtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated using GC/MS analysis and its antioxidant (DPPH assay, reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (Egg albumin denaturation assay), and antimicrobial (Disc diffusion assay, MIC) properties, seed germination effect and genotoxicity (Allium cepa assay) were studied and compared with pure Methyl Eugenol compound (ME).

Results:

Major components detected in the Essential Oil (EO) through Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis were methyl eugenol (73.17%) and β-myrcene (8.58%). A total of 35components were detected with a total identified area percentage of 98.34%. DPPH assay revealed considerable antioxidant activity of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil (IC50= 2.263 μg/mL), which is lower than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 2.58 μg/mL), and higher than standard Methyl Eugenol (ME) (IC50 2.253 μg/mL). Methyl eugenol rich lemongrass EO showed IC50 38.00 μg/mL, ME 36.44 μg/mL, and sodium diclofenac 22.76 μg/mL, in in-vitro anti-inflammatory test. Moderate antimicrobial activity towards the 8 tested microbes was shown by methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil whose effectiveness against the microbes was less as compared to pure ME standard. Seed germination assay further revealed the herbicidal properties of methyl eugenol rich essential oil. Moreover, Allium cepa assay revealed moderate genotoxicity of the essential oil.

Conclusion:

This paper compared the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, genotoxicity and herbicidal activities of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass with pure methyl eugenol. This methyl eugenol rich lemongrass variety can be used as an alternative of methyl eugenol pure compound. Hence, the essential oil of this variety has the potential of developing cost-effective, easily available antioxidative/ antimicrobial drugs but its use should be under the safety range of methyl eugenol and needs further clinical trials.
Metaxalone Suppresses Production of Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Painful Conditions in Mouse Macrophages RAW264.7 Cells in Vitro: Synergistic Effect with β-caryophyllene
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayoshi , Levy Robert M.
Published: February 2020

Backgrounds and Objective:

Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis
of many diseases. Inflammatory cytokines with painful conditions are well known as
biomarkers in human muscle pain, and they are produced by macrophages. Metaxalone
is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant, but the mechanism by which metaxalone acts is
unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate whether or not metaxalone exhibits
an inhibitory effect on the activity of inflammatory macrophages in vitro.

Methods:

Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modification
of Eagle’s Medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum in the presence of metaxalone.
Cell growth was assayed by counting the number of cells attached to culture dishes.
Inflammatory cytokines released into the culture medium were analyzed with the ELISA
kit.

Results:

Metaxalone (1-100 μM) was found to decrease the number of macrophages by
inhibiting the proliferation and stimulating the death of RAW264.7 cells in vitro. The
combination of metaxalone (0.1 or 1 μM) and β-caryophyllene (10 or 50 μM), which
alone did not have a significant effect on the cell number, caused potential effects on the
growth and death of RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, molecular levels of mitogenactivated
protein kinase were decreased by treatment with metaxalone or β-
caryophyllene, and each effect was enhanced by their combination. Furthermore, levels
of caspase-3 were increased by metaxalone or β-caryophyllene and enhanced by their
combination. Notably, productions of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis
factor-α, interleukin-6 or prostaglandin E2, which were enhanced by lipopolysaccharide
(LPS), were repressed by culturing with metaxalone. Levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1,
COX-2 and nuclear factor kappa B, which were increased by LPS treatment, were
reduced by metaxalone.

Conclusion:

Metaxalone was found to suppress the activity of inflammatory
macrophages in vitro.
Elevated Testosterone Level and Urine Scent Marking in Male 5xFAD Alzheimer Model Mice
Authors: Gadomsky Lisa , dos Santos Guilherme Malena , Winkler Jakob , van der Kooij Michael A. , Hartmann Tobias , Grimm Marcus , Endres Kristina
Published: February 2020

Background:

Function of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (AβPP) and its various cleavage products still is not unraveled down to the last detail. While its role as a source of the neurotoxic Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is undisputed and its property as a cell attachment protein is intriguing, while functions outside the neuronal context are scarcely investigated. This is particularly noteworthy because AβPP has a ubiquitous expression profile and its longer isoforms, AβPP750 and 770, are found in various tissues outside the brain and in non-neuronal cells.

Objective:

Here, we aimed at analyzing the 5xFAD Alzheimer’s disease mouse model in regard to male sexual function. The transgenes of this mouse model are regulated by Thy1 promoter activity and Thy1 is expressed in testes, e.g. by Sertoli cells. This allows speculation about an influence on sexual behavior.

Methods:

We analyzed morphological as well as biochemical properties of testicular tissue from 5xFAD mice and wild type littermates and testosterone levels in serum, testes and the brain. Sexual behavior was assessed by a urine scent marking test at different ages for both groups.

Results:

While sperm number, testes weight and morphological phenotypes of sperms were nearly indistinguishable from those of wild type littermates, testicular testosterone levels were significantly increased in the AD model mice. This was accompanied by elevated and prolonged sexual interest as displayed within the urine scent marking test.

Conclusion:

We suggest that overexpression of AβPP, which mostly is used to mimic AD in model mice, also affects male sexual behavior as assessed additional by the Urine Scent Marking (USM) test. The elevated testosterone levels might have an additional impact on central nervous system androgen receptors and also have to be considered when assessing learning and memory capabilities.
A Protective Role of Translocator Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain
Authors: Jung Marianna E.
Published: February 2020

Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein that locates cytosol cholesterol to mitochondrial membranes to begin the synthesis of steroids including neurotrophic neurosteroids. TSPO is abundantly present in glial cells that support neurons and respond to neuroinflammation. Located at the outer membrane of mitochondria, TSPO regulates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) that controls the entry of molecules necessary for mitochondrial function. TSPO is linked to neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) such that TSPO is upregulated in the brain of AD patients and signals AD-induced adverse changes in brain. The initial increase in TSPO in response to brain insults remains elevated to repair cellular damages and perhaps to prevent further neuronal degeneration as AD progresses. To exert such protective activities, TSPO increases the synthesis of neuroprotective steroids, decreases neuroinflammation, limits the opening of mPTP, and reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species. The beneficial effects of TSPO on AD brain are manifested as the attenuation of neurotoxic amyloid β and mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by the improvement of memory and cognition. However, the protective activities of TSPO appear to be temporary and eventually diminish as the severity of AD becomes profound. Timely treatment with TSPO agonists/ligands before the loss of endogenous TSPO’s activity may promote the protective functions and may extend neuronal survival.
Potential Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Adki Kaveri M. , Kulkarni Yogesh A.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the important complications of diabetes. In major cases, diabetic retinopathy is unnoticed until the irreversible damage to eye occurs and leads to blurred vision and, eventually, blindness.

Objective:

The pathogenesis and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy are very complex and not fully understood. Currently, well-established laser techniques and medications are available, but these treatment options have their own shortcomings on biological systems. Biomarkers can help to overcome this problem due to easy, fast and economical options for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

The search terms used were “Diabetic retinopathy”, “Biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy”, “Novel biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy” and “Potential biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy” by using different scientific resources and databases like EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus. Eligibility criteria included biomarkers involved in diabetic retinopathy in the detectable range. Exclusion criteria included the repetition and duplication of the biomarker in diabetic retinopathy.

Results:

Current review and literature study revealed that biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy can be categorized as inflammatory: tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor- β; antioxidant: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; nucleic acid: poly ADP ribose polymerase- α, Apelin, Oncofetal; enzyme: ceruloplasmin, protein kinase C; and miscellaneous: erythropoietin. These biomarkers have a great potential in the progression of diabetic retinopathy hence can be used in the diagnosis and management of this debilitating disease.

Conclusion:

Above mentioned biomarkers play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy; hence they can also be considered as potential targets for new drug development.
Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Processing: Technological Significance and Updates
Authors: Rasane Prasad , Sharma Nitya , Fatma Sana , Kaur Sawinder , Jha Alok , Kaur Damanpreet , Singh Jyoti
Published: February 2020

Background:

Background: Milk forms an integral part of the human diet from the nutritional point of
view. Besides nutrition, it has also unique functional properties which are harnessed by the industry
for numerous uses. Being highly perishable specific techniques are required to minimize the losses
during processing and adequate preservation of this precious commodity. In the U.S. and many other
parts of the world, the traditional pasteurization of milk requires a minimum heat treatment of 72ºC
for 15 seconds with subsequent refrigeration. However, the advent of Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
treatment of milk has added a new dimension to the marketing of liquid milk in urban as well as remote
areas without the requirement of cold chain management. The distinctive feature of UHT processed
milk is that it is commercially-sterile-not pasteurized and so has long shelf life at room temperature.
UHT milk, also known as long-life milk, is emerging as an attractive commercial alternative
offering a hygienic product of unmatched quality, which can be bought anywhere, at any time
and in any quantity. The present review will discuss numerous aspects of UHT processing of milk
with reference to historical significance, fundamental principle, various systems used and prerequisites,
type of exchangers used, fouling and other defects in system, chemical and microbiological effect
of the treatment, its effect on nutritional components, organoleptic quality of milk and the advantage
and involved challenges of the process.

Conclusion:

Raw milk is easily contaminated with pathogens and microbes and hence its consumption
of raw milk is associated with certain ill health effects. Therefore, heating milk before consumption
is strongly suggested. Thus, UHT treatment of milk is done to ensure microbial safety and also
to extend the shelf life of this highly perishable commodity. Heating milk at such a high temperature
is often associated with the change of organoleptic properties like change in flavor or cooked flavor,
rancidity due to microbes or acid flavor, etc. But UHT treatment does not substantially decrease the
nutritional value or any other benefits of milk.
Biological Activity of MelAnnurca Flesh Apple Biophenols
Authors: Vuoso Daniela C. , Porcelli Marina , Cacciapuoti Giovanna , D’Angelo Stefania
Published: February 2020

Background:

The apple is among the most consumed fruits in the world and several studies
suggest that apple polyphenols could play a role in preventing degenerative diseases. Recent studies
have shown that polyphenols possess a high antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative power, therefore
their food intake could play a decisive role in the prevention of various pathologies, in particular
those associated with the production of free radicals. The Annurca apple (MelAnnurca), a variety
from southern Italy, is called the "queen of apples" due to its remarkable organoleptic qualities: taste,
flavor and aroma. The Annurca apple is a constituent component of the Mediterranean diet and its
potential health benefit could be attributed to a large amount of bioactive components; in fact, this
apple is characterized by an extremely high content of polyphenols.

Objective:

The aim of this paper was to review the most recent literature regarding the health benefits
of Annurca apples and their phytochemicals. In particular, this review highlighted the effects of the
flesh of this fruit on different types of human cells.

Methods:

A literature research was performed using the keywords “Annurca”, “apple”, “flesh”,
“fruit”, “polyphenols”, “nutrition”, “nutraceuticals”, individually or all together, in Scopus, Web of
Science and PubMed.

Results:

The MelAnnurca apple has a higher content of bioactive compounds (polyphenols) than
other apples, making it an ideal source of nutraceuticals. Both the cytotoxic activity and the antioxidant
effect of the extracts of polyphenols obtained from its flesh have been highlighted.

Conclusion:

These results give new insights for future implementation of the production chain of the
Annurca apple in the area of Campania, Southern Italy. However, although evidence to support the
health benefits of MelAnnurca apple polyphenols is rapidly accumulating, further human studies may
be needed before the public is convinced and willing to incorporate the apple Annurca into their diet,
accepting the idea that the integration of polyphenols has a beneficial effect on the health of the human
body.
Designing Novel Teduglutide Analogues with Improved Binding Affinity: An In Silico Peptide Engineering Approach
Authors: Alizadeh Ali A. , Dastmalchi Siavoush
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a disabling condition which occurs following the loss of substantial portions of intestine leading to inadequate absorption of nutrients and fluids. Teduglutide is the only drug which has been FDA-approved for long-term treatment of SBS. This medicine exerts its biological effects through binding to the GLP-2 receptor.

Methods:

The current study aimed to use computational mutagenesis approaches to design novel
potent analogues of teduglutide. To this end, the constructed teduglutide-GLP2R 3D model was
subjected to the alanine scanning mutagenesis where ARG20, PHE22, ILE23, LEU26, ILE27 and
LYS30 were identified as the key amino acids involved in ligand-receptor interaction. In order to
design potent teduglutide analogues, using MAESTROweb machine learning method, the residues
of teduglutide were virtually mutated into all naturally occurring amino acids and the affinity improving
mutations were selected for further analysis using PDBePISA methodology which interactively
investigates the interactions established at the interfaces of macromolecules.

Result:

The calculations resulted in D15I, D15L, D15M and N24M mutations, which can improve
the binding ability of the ligand to the receptor. The final evaluation of identified mutations was
performed by molecular dynamics simulations, indicating that D15I and D15M are the most reliable
mutations to increase teduglutide affinity towards its receptor.

Conclusion:

The findings in the current study may facilitate designing more potent teduglutide analogues leading to the development of novel treatments in short bowel syndrome.
Theoretical Study of Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors as Drug Candidates for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Souza Lucilene R. , Picanço Leide C.S. , Brito Maiara F.B. , Almeida Marcos R.S. , Marino Bianca L.B. , Sousa Kessia P.A. , Ferreira Jaderson V. , dos Santos Cleydson B.R. , Silva Guilherme M. , Silva Carlos H.T.P. , Taft Carlton A. , Hage-Melim Lorane I.S.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Drugs used for Parkinson's disease (PD) are mainly responsible for only
relieving major symptoms, but may present several side effects that are typical of such pharmacological
treatment.

Methods:

This study aimed to use in silico methods for drug designing inhibitors of the PD therapeutic
target, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Thus, 20 MAO-B inhibitors from the BindingDB
database were selected followed by a calculation of their descriptors at DFT B3LYP/6-31G**
level of theory.

Results:

Statistical analysis considering a Pearson correlation matrix led to the selection of electrophilicity
index as a descriptor related to the biological activity of inhibitors. Furthermore, based
on the prediction of suitable ADME/Tox properties, the molecule CID 54583085 was selected as a
template to carry out structural modifications to obtain 3 analogues, whereas molecules B and C
showed significant improvement in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, in relation to the template.

Conclusion:

Thus, it is concluded that the proposed modifications led us to satisfactory results,
since there was an improvement in the toxicological properties of molecules, however, further
studies must be carried out to evaluate their biological activities as possible MAO-B inhibitors for
PD treatment.
The Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle as A Final Irrigation Solution on The Smear Layer Removal, Micro-hardness and Surface Roughness of Root Canal Dentin
Authors: Ratih Diatri Nari , Enggardipta Raras Ajeng , Kartikaningtyas Aqilla Tiara
Published: February 2020

Background:

Root canal irrigation is one of the most important stages during root canal treatment. One of the requirements of root canal irrigation material is that it can eradicate the smear layer but does not alter the physical properties of the root canal dentin.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of chitosan nanoparticle as a final irrigation solution on the smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin.

Methods:

Seventy-two premolars used in this study and divided by three evaluations, namely smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness. Each study used 24 teeth and was assigned randomly into three groups of eight teeth. Group-1, final irrigation with 17% EDTA; group-2, with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles; group-3, with 2.5% NaOCl. Specimens were evaluated for smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness using a Scanning Electron Microscope, Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness measuring instrument, respectively. Data obtained from smear layer removal evaluation were statically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U and data from micro-hardness and surface roughness were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.

Results:

Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles produced similar smear layer removal than 17% EDTA (P>0.05), but it was greater than 2.5% NaOCl (P<0.05). Chitosan had higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness than EDTA (P<0.05), but it was the same as 2.5% NaOCl (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles had the same effect on smear layer removal compared to 17% EDTA; however, 0.2% chitosan produced higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness of root canal dentin than 17% EDTA.
Sustainable Fishing? Ecological Footprint Analysis of an Artisanal Fishing Organization
Authors: Bravo-Olivas Myrna L. , Chávez-Dagostino Rosa M.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Small-scale fisheries are an important economic sector in terms of employment, national food security, enterprise development and foreign exchange earnings. Overfishing is one of the main impacts directly affecting fisheries. However, there are other kinds of global impacts not frequently considered. The ecological footprint indicator is not new but has been mostly overlooked by scholars in the artisanal fishing sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corporate ecological footprint of small-scale fisheries through a fishing cooperative at La Cruz de Loreto in Mexico, and determine its eco-efficiency as non-direct global impacts.

Methods:

The Compound Method Based on Financial Accounts (MC3.V.2 for its acronym in Spanish, version 2) was used. It includes the categories of emissions, materials, resources, services and contracts, land use and waste.

Results:

Eco-efficiency, determined by the organization´s ecological footprint, was 0.6 t/ha and its carbon footprint was 0.2 t/tCO2 per year, a low one when compared to others. The consumption category that contributed most to the footprint was indirect emissions and the ecosystem’s fossil energy, which could be explained by the characteristics of the fishing cooperative analyzed.

Conclusion:

The corporate ecological footprint for La Cruz de Loreto fishing cooperative is low when compared to others, but it indicates that they should improve in the category of indirect emission (reduce the consumption of electricity generated by fossil fuel and use of alternative energy) and should invest in the “forest” type of ecosystem to increase carbon sinks and mitigate the impacts.
Information Technology in Nursing Education: Perspectives of Student Nurses
Authors: Singh Fiona , Masango Thembekile
Published: February 2020

Background:

Nursing education institutions in South Africa are integrating Information Technology (IT) into nursing programmes to prepare student nurses to meet the demands of a contemporary healthcare landscape.

Objective:

To explain and describe the perspectives of student nurses at a private nursing education institution on the use of IT in nursing education.

Methods:

A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive research design was selected. The target population included student nurses registered for basic and post-basic qualifications. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results:

The respondents acknowledged the importance of IT in nursing education but also experienced challenges in terms of training and internet connectivity, owned at least one IT device, used IT frequently for study and work purposes, reported IT competence, and had positive attitudes to IT. The respondents were significantly competent in general IT (M=3.5410, SD=.98619), t (243)=8.569, p<.0005; used IT significantly frequently for medical purposes/learning (M=3.2917, SD=0.76598), t (243)=5.948, p<.0005, and were significantly competent in the use of IT for medical purposes/learning (M=3.3646, SD=.94497), t (242)=6.015, p<.0005; and had significantly positive attitude towards using IT (M=4.2964, SD=0.66557), t (243)=30.426, p<.0005.

Conclusion:

While there are numerous advantages to IT in nursing education, IT challenges are a reality for student nurses. Identified gaps must be closed to ensure that IT is accepted, adopted and used effectively and efficiently. The inclusion of an IT module in the curriculum is recommended to improve the use of IT in nursing education.
On The Distribution of Partial Sums of Randomly Weighted Powers of Uniform Spacings
Authors: Aly Emad-Eldin A. A.
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

To study the asymptotic theory of the randomly wieghted partial sum process of powers of k-spacings from the uniform distribution.

Methods:

Earlier results on the distribution of the uniform incremental randomly weighted sums.

Methods:

Based on theorems on weak and strong approximations of partial sum processes.

Results and conculsions:

Our main contribution is to prove the weak convergence of weighted sum of powers of uniform spacings.
Nitrous Oxide-induced Impairment of Spatial Working Memory Requires Activation of GABAergic Pathways
Authors: Emmanouil Dimitris E. , Klein Evan D. , Chen Katherine , Brewer Abigail L. , Zhang Yangmiao , Quock Raymond M.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Previous research from our laboratory implicated opioid and benzodiazepine-
GABA mechanisms in other effects of N2O (antinociception and anxiolysis),
so a decision was made to study these as potential mechanisms of N2O-induced dysfunction
of spatial working memory.

Objective:

to explore potential mechanisms of N2O in reducing spatial working memory in
mice.

Methods:

we monitored spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) in male NIH Swiss mice
exposed to N2O during a T-maze spontaneous alternation task (T-SAT).

Results:

mice that were exposed to 70% N2O (in O2) exhibited severely and significantly
reduced spontaneous alternation behavior in the T-SAT. Mice in this environment alternated
their route only 33% of the time, in comparison to the control (room air) rate of alternation
at approximately 70%. Mice pretreated with the benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil
exhibited a dose-dependent restoration of spatial working memory under 70% N2O in the
T-SAT. Alternatively, pretreatment with neither the GABAA antagonist gabazine nor the
opioid antagonist naloxone had any appreciable effect on the N2O-reduced SAB.

Conclusion:

this study verified that 70% N2O can reduce spatial working memory in mice,
which appears to involve benzodiazepine mechanisms in the brain.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Induction in Human Liver Cell Lines Exposed to Three Food Additives
Authors: El-Hefny Ingy M. , Al Senosy Neima K. , Hozayen Walaa G. , Ahmed Amr E. , Diab Ayman , Basal Wesam T.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Rapid lifestyle, especially among people living in urban areas, has led to
increasing reliance on the processed food market. Unfortunately, harmful effects caused by the excessive
use of food additives in such type of industry are often neglected.

Objective:

This proposal investigates in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of three food preservatives
commonly consumed in daily meals; sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid.

Methods:

The effect of the three preservatives on cell viability was tested on two different cell
lines; normal liver cell line THLE2 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cell line HepG2
using MTT assay. Cell cycle arrest was measured using flow cytometry by propidium iodide.
Measurement of expression levels of two central genes, p53 and bcl-2 that play key roles in cell cycle
and apoptosis was carried out in HepG2 cells using real time-PCR.

Results:

Although the effect was more significantly realized in the HepG2 cell line, the viability of
both cell lines was decreased by all of the three tested compounds. Flow cytometric analysis of
HepG2 cells treated with sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid has revealed an increase in
G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In Sodium sulphite and boric acid-treated cells, expression levels of
p53 were up-regulated, while that of the Bcl2 was significantly down-regulated. On the other hand,
Benzoic acid has shown an anti-apoptotic feature based on the increased expression levels of Bcl-2
in treated cells.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, all of the tested compounds have decreased the cell line viability and
induced both cell cycle arrest and apoptotic events indicating their high potential of being cytotoxic
and genotoxic materials.
REVITALISASI BADAN KOORDINASI WILAYAH (BAKORWIL) PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR DALAM RANGKA EFEKTIFITAS PELAKSANAAN KOORDINASI PEMERINTAHAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN DI DAERAH
Authors: Sutanto Slamet Hari , Setyonagoro Permadi , Herdianto Muhammad Hendra
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a policy strategy in strengthening the role and function of the East Java Provincial Coordination Board in the context of the effectiveness of the coordination of the implementation of Government and development in East Java. The research method used is a mixed research approach, with the main analysis technique being the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. 40 respondents were selected purposively from all partners related to the implementation of Government and Development in East Java carried out by the Bakorwil. The research was carried out for 6 months, namely between March and August 2018. The research sites were selected from the regencies / cities which were the work areas of the East Java Province Bakorwil which were used as research objects, namely the Pamekasan Bakorwil and Bakjonwil Bojonegoro. The results showed that the chosen policy priority based on the level of interest of the respondents or the most important priority was the information system (0.391), then the second was planning and budgeting (0.320), then the third and fourth priorities were organizational structures (0.144), and supervision function control (0.144), which according to respondents has the same level of importance.
EFEKTIVITAS UNIT LAYANAN ADUAN SURAKARTA DALAM MENERIMA KELUHAN WARGA DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Utomo Is Hadri , Suryawati Retno , Parwiyanto Herwan
Published: February 2020

The establishment of the Surakarta Complaint Service Unit (ULAS) in 2013 as a non-structural government organization unit that carried out public complaints services. ULAS was formed to improve service quality and ensure the provision of public services in accordance with the principles of good governance, including the realization of public information disclosure in response to complaints from people who are not satisfied with the services they receive. This study examines the effectiveness of ULAS in accepting citizen complaints and the steps of the Surakarta City Government to follow up on these complaints, as well as solutions. All results state the existence of effectiveness, with some special notes on the conditions or variable questions that have answers that do not agree, among others concerning: the target of resolving citizen complaints by ULAS, complaints of citizens against certain problems have not been channeled to more than one OPD, solving problems against Complaints have also not fulfilled the satisfaction and aspirations of citizens, and related infrastructure facilities have not been in line with the development of information technology. Some of these are specific notes regarding the organizational effectiveness of ULAS.
Educação ambiental política para a participação da comunidade rural nas discussões do plano municipal de saneamento básico de Novo Hamburgo-RS
Authors: Rossetti Milena , Caporlingua Vanessa Hernandez , Moura Vanessa Dos Santos
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho busca apresentar uma ação de Educação Ambiental (EA) que teve sua origem no seguinte problema motivador: a EA política pode auxiliar para que ocorra a participação da comunidade da área rural do município de Novo Hamburgo, estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), nas discussões e elaboração do seu Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico (PMSB)? Para tentar responder a esta pergunta foram pensadas e realizadas quatro práxis fundamentadas nos objetivos da Carta de Belgrado e orientadas pela metodologia dialógica, a qual aposta nas interações comunicativas em busca de estabelecer um objetivo comum. Assim, os principais resultados decorrentes da ação foram a participação da comunidade nas discussões com o Poder Público para a construção do PMSB, porém a falta de poder deliberativo da população nas políticas públicas é a principal lacuna a preencher para a conquista da participação popular no exercício da cidadania.
Paulo Freire em Aotearoa - Nova Zelândia: uma discussão sobre a produção de Peter Roberts
Authors: Nogueira Gabriela Medeiros , Arriada Eduardo , Vahl Mônica Maciel
Published: February 2020

Buscamos com este trabalho dar visibilidade à discussão da obra de Freire em Aotearoa– Nova Zelândia, a partir da produção acadêmica de Peter Roberts, professor na University of Canterbury.Realizamos uma busca bibliográfica em artigos, capítulos de livros e livros organizados pelo autor neozelandês desde os anos oitenta. Entrevistamos o professor ampliando dados sobre como Freire passa a ser conhecido e estudado na Nova Zelândia. Assim, pudemos conhecer sobre o contexto da produção acadêmica e da prática didática que Roberts vem realizando nas últimas três décadas. Ao longo do texto destacamos as seguintes estratégias de produção de Peter Roberts: i)estudos comparativos entre Freire e autores de obras literárias e/ou filosóficas; ii) acompanhamento a produção de Freire ao longo do tempo sem perder a dimensão histórica; iii) análise de autores que criticam Freire e a partir de seus postulados, tece argumentos justificativos que demonstram certa fragilidade nas críticas elaboradas.
Pedagogia de Paulo Freire na concepção da educação moçambicana
Authors: Schwengber Ivan Luis , Chicava Augusto Kessai Agostinho
Published: February 2020

O texto é um ensaio sobre a influência de Paulo Freire no continente africano, especialmente em Moçambique. A análise é feita a partir da legislação educacional moçambicana em dois momentos, a partir da independência em 1975, e depois a partir da extinção da união soviética. A filosofia da educação de Paulo Freire permite compreender e dinamizar o sistema educacional de Moçambique, que assim, como o sistema educacional brasileiro necessita resistir às influências do capitalismo vigente que procura identificar desenvolvimento econômico com desenvolvimento social.
Identidade terrena e educação ambiental complexa: reflexões a partir de uma experiência no Brasil
Authors: Neumann Patricia , Antonio Juliana Mara , Kataoka Adriana Massaê
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é pensar a identidade terrena em relação com a Educação Ambiental (EA) Complexa. Para isso, descrevemos e interpretamos doze imagens escolhidas por professoras(es) em um curso de formação continuada em EA no sul do Brasil. O curso foi desenvolvido teórica-metodologicamente com base na EA Complexa e as imagens representam o pertencimento a um grupo. Os resultados foram que a identidade terrena tem a ver um processo de identificação com o Outro, envolve a unidade e a diversidade, crenças e valores e é um suporte para lidar com as vulnerabilidades. Trabalhar a identidade terrena é um dos compromissos da EA Complexa, pois é um dos meios para modificar as relações de exploração e dominação. Consideramos que a identidade terrena é fundamental à consciência acerca de nosso comum pertencimento ao planeta e isto é essencial para nos assumir como seres responsáveis pelo cuidado e proteção do meio ambiente em suas complexas inter-relações.
Gênero e religião: disputas políticas na construção do Plano Municipal de Educação de Chapecó/SC
Authors: Vargas Santin Myriam Aldana , Cattani Daian , Cecchetti Elcio
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho objetivamos narrar e analisar as disputas políticas travadas entre gênero e religião a partir da denominada “ideologia de gênero” na discussão da proposta do Plano Municipal de Educação (PME) de Chapecó/SC. Para isso, apresentamos algumas razões pelas quais os defensores da “ideologia de gênero” defendem seus posicionamentos relativos as questões de gênero e orientação sexual qualificando estes conceitos como algo destrutivos para a ordem estabelecida. Neste embate foi possível identificar as tensas relações entre gênero e religião no contexto do Estado laico e na incessante busca pela promoção dos direitos humanos. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, combinamos pesquisa do tipo bibliográfico com a observação in loco da audiência pública realizada pela Câmara Municipal de Chapecó para debater o PME. Por fim, destacamos a complexidade que estes temas tem atualmente na sociedade, onde diversos grupos travam uma batalha político-ideológica a respeito desta questão, e indicamos que é imprescindível a criação de políticas de combate à violência e a desigualdade de gênero, inclusive no espaço escolar.
CATADORAS DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS EM NATAL: GÊNERO, MEIO AMBIENTE E DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO
Authors: Nascimento Aline Gadelha , Cabral Carla Giovana
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa com mulheres catadoras da Associação de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Por meio de uma abordagem etnográfica, foram analisadas as relações de gênero no contexto laboral, com foco na divisão sexual do trabalho e princípios como separação e hierarquia. Constatou-se que a divisão sexual presente no trabalho das catadoras alimenta desigualdades de gênero e desvaloriza suas tarefas. Esses elementos provocam reflexões sobre as condições de precariedade e vulnerabilidade social no trabalho das catadoras de materiais recicláveis.
PLURALISME ASIMETRIS: PLURALITAS DAN GERAKAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT INDONESIA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Abzar Duraesa Muhammad , Ahyar Muzayyin
Published: February 2020

This study aims to look at the diversity condition of Indonesian society related to the discourse of pluralism. Based on the fieldwork conducted from several regions in Indonesia; Samarinda, Manado, and Jakarta which is considered as representative regions in term of its dynamic diversity, by using a socio-political approach, the results of this study show that the condition of diversity in Indonesian society constitutes an asymmetrical discourse of pluralism; a plurality based on social conditions and phenomena that differ from one region to another, one community to another, and one case to another. The concept of pluralism does not merely a notion that emerge because of religious diversity and does not always shape people's behavior in facing diversity. On the contrary, the diversity of Indonesian society will enrich the concept of pluralism to be an ethnic, religious, and political pluralism.
Zastosowanie marketingu internetowego w "Indykpolu"
Authors: Pizło Wojciech
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the use of the Internet in marketing actions of one of the biggest food processing industry enterprises in Poland - "Indykpol". In the paper the general characteristic of the company: the history, the origin of the capital group "Indykpol" and marketing actions done by the capital group are presented. The marketing strategy of the company, the strategy realized by the Internet, and problems of the Internet marketing development in the capital group were also presented.
Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Upadhyay Mrs. Madhu
Published: February 2020

Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.
SoftMax Recurrent Neural Network based Faded Channel Estimation using FIM in MIMO-OFDM
Authors: Ansari Gulzar , Bhatt Dr. Abhishek
Published: February 2020

The combination of MIMO technology with OFDM system, there is enhancement of wireless digital communication which is quite beneficial for future communicating system. MIMO-OFDM improves the efficiency and quality of the wireless scenario. With efficient channel estimation technique especially non-blind under MIMO-OFDM scenario present an enhanced performance with low complexity. In the pilot type, the least squares method (LS method) is less complex and requires an implicit knowledge of the channels. However, it suffers from inter-carrier interference (ICI). For this reason, the optimal design of Channel Estimator is an area of ongoing research. In this work, the performance of the DWT-OFDM scheme in combination with a multi-input system and multiple outputs for unknown pilot symbols is evaluated using a neural network. Take advantage of time series prediction using a recurrent neural network (RNN) with a SoftMax layer with frequency index modulation to perform channel prediction. In this research work a comparative analysis is performed among proposed softmax recurrent neural network based channel estimation with existing channel estimation technique for variable signal to noise ratio (Eb/No) for frequency indexed modulation techniques. The existing channel estimation techniques for MIMO-OFDM communicating environment are based on known pilots over the noisy fading wireless environment. From simulation result, it is observed and concluded that the existing channel estimation techniques gives higher BER as compared to proposed softmax recurrent neural network channel estimation technique.
Examination of industrial safety of emergency port transshipment process
Authors: Panasenko Nikolay Nikitovich , Dulger Nadezhda Valerievna , Korablin Anatoliy Victorovich
Published: February 2020

Underestimated importance of port transshipment technologies brings negative results and contradicts the purpose of river transport development, strengthening its positions in the transport system, where in the context of the technical revolution on the river and sea transport the most important task of operators and machine operators is the comprehensive and effective development of new equipment and technologies, creation of a system of optimal organization of production for goods transportation and reloading. If to accept the idea that the process is a consistent change of conditions and stages of development, the process is a description of production processes, instructions for the implementation of technological rules, requirements of projects of works (lifting) cranes, working flowcharts, projects of works, maps of labor processes, etc. Because technologically loading-unloading processes are divided into discrete (periodic), continuous and combined ones, less likely to indulge in the valuation are the discrete loading processes, in each case having features that do not duplicate established rules and regulations for traditional general goods. There is taken as an example the emergency reloading of the centrifugal compressor by means of the port crane Kondor in Osetrovsky river port, JSC in Ust'-Kut village, the Irkutsk region, the centrifugal compressor weighing (gross) 33 t and being made in 2017 by General Electric Oil & Gas, Nuove Pignone S.r.L., Florence, Italy, brand 2BCL457/B brought to the port by the road transport. The industrial safety examination of the emergency port transshipment process was carried out. The materials of the video recorder of the process of dropping the containers with a compressor have been presented. The reasons for the fall of the cargo in the port have been analyzed, expert conclusions being given
Analysis of operating characteristics of 7S50MC diesel engine under direct air management
Authors: Konyukov Vyacheslav Leontievich
Published: February 2020

The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the operational performance of a marine two-stroke diesel engine in a wide range of modes, operating on a helical characteristic. Reducing the diesel load causes a decrease in the coefficient of excess air for combustion, which is characteristic of two-stroke diesel engines with a relatively high boost pressure. To control the air flow rate, it is proposed to use an adjustable nozzle apparatus as part of a turbine of a turbocharger unit. Changing the angle of the blades of an adjustable nozzle apparatus by turning them, an impact was made on the characteristics of the turbine, compressor and, accordingly, on the operational performance of the diesel engine. With decreasing the angle of the blades of the nozzle apparatus, the effective passage area of the turbine of the turbo-charging unit decreases. This causes an increase in gas pressure in front of the turbine and, consequently, an increase in the power of the turbine and compressor. This increases the boost pressure and the available work of the air charge of the cylinder. The engine operates with a large excess air ratio for combustion and increased efficiency. There are presented the results of a comparative analysis of diesel performance caused by rotation of the blades of an adjustable nozzle apparatus and the initial version, in which the angle of the blades of the nozzle apparatus remained unchanged. The angle of rotation of the blades was selected in such a way as to ensure unchanged the coefficient of excess air for combustion in all the studied diesel operation modes. The studies showed a considerable improvement in the performance of a two-stroke diesel engine at shared load modes when using an adjustable nozzle apparatus of a turbo-charging unit.
MEMAHAMI PENGUNGKAPAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK (UNDERSTANDING DISCLOSURE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN)
Authors: Rusyidi Binahayati , Krisnani Hetty
Published: February 2020

Abstrak
Hacia la (re)privatización del cuidado infantil en México. Las modificaciones al Programa de Estancias Infantiles Sedesol
Authors: López Estrada Silvia
Published: February 2020

La literatura especializada muestra evidencias de que los programas de subsidios para la provisión de cuidado infantil incrementan la participación laboral femenina, en tanto que los subsidios directos promueven que las mujeres se queden en su casa para cuidar a sus hijas/os. En el contexto de austeridad republicana que caracteriza al actual gobierno mexicano, el artículo analiza la sustitución del Programa de Estancias Infantiles Sedesol (PEI), que se basa en transferencias indirectas, por el Programa de Apoyo para el Bienestar de Niñas y Niños, Hijos de Madres Trabajadoras (PABNNMT), basado en entregas monetarias directas a las beneficiarias. Con base en el análisis comparativo del diseño de ambos programas se sugiere que el objetivo y las acciones del nuevo apuntan hacia la privatización del cuidado infantil en las familias, así como a la posible invisibilización y devaluación del trabajo de cuidados. El artículo está basado en la revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, así como en el análisis de las reglas de operación de los programas de cuidado infantil.