bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing diesel engines with oxyhydrogen dual fuel: Enhancing performance with green methyl ester using MCDM techniques
Authors: Ajay Goud P. , Baba Mohammad Sikindar
Published: September 2024

The current scenario of the automobile industry states the huge demand and necessity of hydrogen production as well as its storage. An alternative to hydrogen that is widely introduced in recent times is oxyhydrogen gas, often abbreviated as HHO due to its ratio of hydrogen to oxygen (2:1) content. HHO fuel can be extracted using the process of water electrolysis and is free of any carbon content, thus making it a clean fuel. In this present work, two types of fuels are used for carrying out the analysis of a diesel engine. The first one being used is HHO, while the second one is either pure diesel or a mixture of diesel (80%) and Jatropha methyl ester (20%). The study suggested that 20% Jatropha methyl ester (JME20) with HHO reduces the amount of smoke from emission, carbon monoxide (CO) content, and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) while having an increase of parameters, such as NOx emissions. The desirability approach was implemented in this study to identify the optimal solution out of different combinations. The optimal solution in this study was recorded as Opt.JME20 + HHO fuel at 50% load condition. It has the maximum desirability score of 0.91 and provided the advantages of higher brake thermal efficiency by 1.25%, lower smoke, UHC, and CO emissions by 22.22%, 25%, and 27.27%, respectively, in comparison to the scores of respective parameters in baseline diesel operation.
Specific growth velocity reference charts for monochorionic twin pregnancies
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Hua , Chen Lu , Zhan Hong , Pan Jiao'e , Zhao Li , Zhao Wei , Liang Qiong‐Xin , Li Xiao‐Qing , Wen Hong
Published: September 2024

Objective

We aimed to create specific growth velocity reference charts for monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies and provide additional information for assessing fetal growth in MC twins.

Study Design

This retrospective study collected data from uncomplicated MC twins with serial ultrasound parameters. The four ultrasound parameters, including biparietal diameter, femur length, head circumference, and abdominal circumference, were used to calculate the estimated fetal weight (EFW). Multilevel linear regression models were applied to fit growth velocity charts for each biometric parameter and EFW. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences in birthweight by whether EFW velocity and EFW values were <10th or ≥10th percentiles.

Results

The final analysis encompassed a total of 5956 ultrasound examinations conducted on 487 MC twins. The growth velocity of four biparietal diameters exhibited a gradual decrease in a nearly linear fashion progressing from 18 to 37 gestational weeks. The EFW velocity increased steadily from 18 to 36 gestational weeks, reaching a peak of 178.2 g/week, and then the velocity gradually decreased until delivery. At 32 weeks for illustration, the lightest birth weight was observed when both EFW and EFW velocity were <10th percentile (1899 g). The study also found that birth weight was higher when EFW velocity was ≥10th percentile compared with <10th percentile, regardless of EFW being below or above the 10th percentile (2263 and 1906 g, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We developed specific growth velocity reference charts for MC twins, which could provide a valuable reference point for a more precise evaluation of fetal growth in MC twins. Preliminary findings indicate that the inclusion of fetal growth velocity in monitoring fetal growth provides additional information beyond EFW alone.
Model ensemble techniques of machine learning algorithms for soil moisture constants in the semi‐arid climate conditions
Authors: Alaboz Pelin
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the use of prediction models based on intelligent algorithms has become widespread in soil science. However, each algorithm has advantages and disadvantages, and variable results can occur on different datasets. The evaluation of ensemble techniques for solving these problems is the current approach. Water problems will arise due to global warming, and soil water will become more important. This study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of different machine learning algorithms (support vector machine regression (SVR), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and multivariate linear regression (MLR)) and ensemble techniques (equal weight [EQ], Bates–Granger‐BG), Granger–Ramanathan (GR), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC)) on the field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and available water content (AWC) of soils. As a result, higher prediction accuracy was obtained with the RF algorithm than with the value machine learning algorithm in the estimation of moisture constants. The coefficients of determination (R2) obtained for the prediction of FC, WP, and AWC via the RF algorithms were 0.624, 0.759 and 0.641, respectively. MLR had the highest error rate. Among the ensemble techniques, GR was the most successful. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) values obtained from the estimation of FC, WP, and AWC with the GR model were 0.801, 0.894, and 0.801, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values obtained in the estimation of the available water content with the MLR algorithm were 1.905 and 1.435, respectively, whereas these values were 1.173 and 0.767, respectively, when the GR model was used. As a result of the present study, better predictive results were obtained with ensemble techniques instead of evaluating the algorithms individually.
Longitudinal associations between parental psychological control and adolescents' intergroup attitudes to prosocial behaviors towards ethnic outgroups
Authors: Agalar Afra , Laible Deborah , Carlo Gustavo , Liew Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Introduction

While a substantial body of existing literature has examined the negative effects of parental psychological control on adolescents' prosocial behaviors, there is a noticeable gap in whether parental psychological control affects prosocial behaviors towards ethnic outgroup members. This three‐wave longitudinal study investigated whether similar relations can be observed between parental psychological control and prosocial behaviors targeted at ethnic outgroup persons, and whether these relations are mediated by adolescents' intergroup attitudes.

Methods

Participants were 412 European American adolescents (42% girls; Mage = 15.63 years at Time 1) and their primary caregivers (52% mothers) residing in the United States. They completed online questionnaires. Parents completed a measure of parental psychological control at Time 1. Adolescents completed measures of intergroup attitudes, public, and altruistic outgroup prosocial behavior at all three time points (T1, T2, T3), each approximately 8 months apart. The retention rate was 38.1% (N = 157; 44% girls) at Time 3.

Results

Path analyses revealed a direct negative link between parental psychological control and altruistic prosocial behavior towards ethnic outgroup persons but a direct positive association to public prosocial behavior towards outgroup persons. Importantly, parental psychological control was indirectly related to adolescents' prosocial behavior towards ethnic outgroup persons, via its effect on their intergroup attitudes.

Conclusions

The findings underscore how parental psychological control and adolescents' intergroup attitudes contribute to shaping prosocial behaviors towards ethnic outgroups.
Dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and awareness regarding interprofessional collaboration with physical therapists
Authors: Fischer Kathleen M. , Harrison James L. , O'Malley DeGaris Megan A. , Granada Tara M. , Hartmann Julie , Knabel Courtney M. , Hill Margaret O. , Sekula Michael N.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) between dentists and physical therapists (PT) could improve access to patient treatment and oral care outcomes. This study aimed to assess dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of IPC with PT.

Methods

The study design included a 16‐question online survey sent to dentists (n = 102) at a university in fall 2022 via SurveyMonkey. This survey evaluated dentists’ knowledge of PT services and IPC referrals, awareness of PT IPC improving oral health and continuing education (CE) opportunities, and attitudes toward team care. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann‐Whitney U, Kruskal‐Wallis, and Chi‐squared tests.

Results

Participants included general dentists (71.2%) and dental specialists (28.8%), with experience ranging from 1‐5 years through 55+ years. Gender distribution included approximately 46.2% female and 53.8% male, with a survey response rate of 51.0% (n = 52). Females reported a significantly higher interest in PT IPC (p = 0.016) and referring (p = 0.022) than males. Dentists in practice for 21–40 years reported significantly higher participation in CE referral courses compared to other groups (p = 0.011). Compared to dental specialists, general dentists had a significantly more positive attitude when asked if dental collaboration with PT and physicians is equally important (p = 0.001). Additionally, 78.8% of respondents reported interest in attending a CE course on interprofessional education.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated dentists' limited awareness of the PT interprofessional collaborative approach. Females and general dentists reported higher positive attitudes toward PT IPC relationships. Most dentists were interested in attending additional IPC training.
Integrin α6‐containing extracellular vesicles promote lymphatic remodelling for pre‐metastatic niche formation in lymph nodes via interplay with CD151
Authors: Lin Yan , Zheng Hanhao , Jia Linpei , Luo Yuming , Zhang Dingwen , An Mingjie , Pang Mingrui , Diao Xiayao , Li Wenjie , Chen Jiancheng , Li Yuanlong , Liu Daiyin , Liu Zhicong , Huang Jian , Lin Tianxin , Chen Changhao
Published: September 2024

Heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various types of tumours are acknowledged for inducing the formation of pre‐metastatic “niches” in draining lymph nodes (LNs) to promote lymphatic metastasis. In order to identify the specific subpopulations of EVs involved, we performed high‐resolution proteomic analysis combined with nanoflow cytometry of bladder cancer (BCa) tissue‐derived EVs to identify a novel subset of tumour‐derived EVs that contain integrin α6 (ITGA6+EVs) and revealed the positive correlation of ITGA6+EVs with the formation of pre‐metastatic niche in draining LNs and lymphatic metastasis in multicentre clinical analysis of 820‐case BCa patients. BCa‐derived ITGA6+EVs induced E‐selectin (SELE)‐marked lymphatic remodelling pre‐metastatic niche and promoted metastasis in draining LNs through delivering cargo circRNA‐LIPAR to lymphatic endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, LIPAR linked ITGA6 to the switch II domain of RAB5A and sustained RAB5A GTP‐bound activated state, thus maintaining the production of ITGA6+EVs loaded with LIPAR through endosomal trafficking. ITGA6+EVs targeted lymphatic vessels through ITGA6‐CD151 interplay and released LIPAR to induce SELE overexpression‐marked lymphatic remodelling pre‐metastatic niche. Importantly, we constructed engineered‐ITGA6 EVs to inhibit lymphatic pre‐metastatic niche, which suppressed lymphatic metastasis and prolonged survival in preclinical models. Collectively, our study uncovers the mechanism of BCa‐derived ITGA6+EVs mediating pre‐metastatic niche and provides an engineered‐EV‐based strategy against BCa lymphatic metastasis.
Evaluation of bleeding risk in patients who received pirtobrutinib in the presence or absence of antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Lamanna Nicole , Tam Constantine S. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Alencar Alvaro J. , Palomba M. Lia , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Flinn Ian W. , Fakhri Bita , Cohen Jonathon B. , Kontos Arrin , Konig Heiko , Ruppert Amy S. , Chatterjee Anindya , Sizelove Richard , Compte Livia , Tsai Donald E. , Jurczak Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Clinical bleeding events are reported here from 773 patients with B‐cell malignancies receiving pirtobrutinib monotherapy from the phase 1/2 BRUIN study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03740529), either in the presence or absence of antithrombotic therapy (antithrombotic exposed [AT‐E], n = 216; antithrombotic nonexposed [AT‐NE], n = 557). Among the AT‐E cohort, 51.9% received platelet aggregation inhibitors, 36.6% received direct factor Xa inhibitors, 18.5% received heparins, 5.6% received salicylic acid for indications other than platelet aggregation inhibition, and 2.3% received thrombolytics. Warfarin was not permitted. Any‐grade bleeding/bruising events occurred in 97 patients (44.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 38.3–51.5) in the AT‐E cohort and 181 patients (32.5%; 95% CI, 28.6–36.4) in the AT‐NE cohort. Most bleeding/bruising events in both cohorts began within the first 6 months of treatment (AT‐E: 65.4%; AT‐NE: 72.5%). Contusion was the most common bleeding/bruising event in both cohorts (AT‐E: 22.7%; AT‐NE: 18.1%). Grade ≥3 bleeding/bruising events were reported in six patients (2.8%) in the AT‐E cohort and 11 patients (2.0%) in the AT‐NE cohort. Bleeding/bruising events requiring or prolonging hospitalization were reported in 2.3% and 1.6% of patients in the AT‐E and AT‐NE cohorts, respectively. No bleeding/bruising events led to pirtobrutinib dose reduction or permanent discontinuation in the AT‐E cohort, and one patient (0.2%) in the AT‐NE cohort experienced an event requiring dose reduction. These data support the safety of pirtobrutinib in patients requiring antithrombotic therapies.
Pleomorphic Liposarcoma of the Extremity and Trunk: Multimodality Therapy for Some but Not All?
Authors: Tseng William W. , Barretta Francesco , Tucci Francesco , Barisella Marta , Radaelli Stefano , Colombo Chiara , Callegaro Dario , Morosi Carlo , Sanfilippo Roberta , Fabbroni Chiara , Stacchiotti Silvia , Sun Steven H. , Collini Paola , Fiore Marco , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: September 2024

Background

Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is an ultra‐rare malignancy distinct from well‐differentiated/dedifferentiated and myxoid liposarcoma. In this study, we sought to (1) assess outcomes after surgery for primary, non‐metastatic PLPS and (2) explore potential indications for multimodality therapy.

Methods

Clinicopathologic data were retrospectively collected for patients treated from 2002 to 2019 at our sarcoma referral center. Descriptive data were summarized and Kaplan–Meier plots were constructed for overall survival (OS) and crude cumulative incidences (CCI) of disease‐specific death (DSD), local recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM). Univariable models were performed to assess the association of specific variables of interest on outcome.

Results

Forty‐four pathology‐verified PLPS cases were included in this study. Median tumor size was 8.5 cm; 75% were FNCLCC Grade 3. All patients underwent complete resection, including 15 patients (34%) who required re‐excision to secure microscopic negative margins. Radiation therapy was given to 75% of patients, chemotherapy in 36%. At 5 years, OS was 75.3%; CCI of DSD, LR, and DM were 17.5%, 2.3%, and 32.5%. Larger tumor size was strongly associated with worse OS (p = 0.028) and DSD (p ≤ 0.001). A subgroup of patients (n = 10, 23%) with smaller, predominantly Grade 2 tumors underwent surgery alone without any LR or DM event at a median follow‐up of 7.9 years.

Conclusions

In PLPS, aggressive surgery and when appropriate, radiation therapy, results in excellent local control. Chemotherapy can be considered for larger tumors. Patients with smaller, Grade 2 tumors may be potentially cured with surgery alone.
A Review of Functional Properties and Applications of Legume‐Based Edible Coatings
Authors: Thamarsha A. K. A. N. W. M. R. K. , Kumar Nishant , Pratibha  , Mor Kiran , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Sudhani Hemanth P. K. , Pamu Venkata Sarath
Published: September 2024

Legumes are rich in starch, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, making them a better source for developing films with high nutritional value. They have become a sustainable and eco‐friendly coating to prolong the shelf life of perishable products while preserving both quality and safety. Legume‐based polysaccharides and proteins are cost‐effective materials to use as an alternative to synthetic materials. Additionally, legume‐based edible coatings are gluten free and acceptable to consumers with dietary restrictions for coatings derived from nonplant sources. Their use in edible coating further extends the economic significance of legumes. The physicochemical properties of these coatings may vary based on several factors including composition of the film, conditions of processing, and additives used. Legume‐based edible coatings and films hold the ability to enhance the shelf life and quality of food items by acting as barriers against oxygen, moisture, and solute transfer. Also, they can aid in maintaining the nutritional value, flavor, and sensory qualities of food products. Incorporation of bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials, into legume‐based coatings further enhances their functionality in food preservation. This article provides an in‐depth review of the current state of research on legume‐based edible coatings, focusing on their development, physical and mechanical properties, applications in food preservation, and future scope.
The History and Pedigree of Australian Lentil Cultivars
Authors: Thackwray Em L. , Materne Michael A. , Shunmugam Arun S. K. , Henares Bernadette M. , Lee Robert C. , Kamphuis Lars G.
Published: September 2024

Lentils are an ancient, edible grain legume, consumed worldwide in an array of dishes as either whole or split seed. While India and Canada are the largest modern‐day producers, Australia is a close third and the second largest exporter of lentil globally. An overview of lentil introduction cultivar development and production in Australia since the 1960s is presented. This commenced with obtaining international germplasm, and in the 1970s, Australia participated in the ICARDA‐led Food Legume Improvement Program (FLIP), which saw the release of nine varieties in the span of a decade. The first local breeding efforts in Australia commenced in the 1990s through the Coordinated Improvement Program for Australian Lentils (CIPAL), which transitioned into Pulse Breeding Australia (PBA) in the 2000s, and saw the first Australian‐bred varieties released in 2008. Currently, Agriculture Victoria's National Lentil Breeding Program and Grains Innovation Australia (GIA) breed and release varieties for Australian lentil growers, and future perspectives for their programmes are presented. One of the main diseases of lentil is Ascochyta blight, which is caused by the fungus Ascochyta lentis. The discovery of a major avirulence gene within Australian A. lentis populations which determines pathotype has allowed recent categorisation of a collection of isolates, and their response to Australian varieties is discussed. The narrowing gene pool and viability of interspecific hybridisation of Australian lentil is additionally explained. Taken together, this review summarises the history and pedigree of Australian varieties and lentil breeding, the impact of major disease pathotypes on cultivar utility and the pursuits of public and private lentil breeding initiatives.
Laser‐Driven (Ga/Sc)2O3:Cr3+ Luminescent Ceramics Enabling Near‐Infrared Light Source for Noninvasive Imaging and Detection
Authors: Xiong Zhan , Liu Gaochao , Chen Weibin , Xia Zhiguo
Published: September 2024

High‐power broadband near‐infrared (NIR) light sources have received extensive attention in long‐distance night vision lighting, non‐invasive detection and imaging, and quantitative analysis of organic components. However, developing targeted NIR‐emitting phosphors with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and thermal stability remains a challenge to raise the NIR output power and expand the applications. Herein, Ga1.98−xScxO3:0.02Cr3+ luminescent ceramics are prepared with redshifted emission peaks from 710 to 820 nm depending on the weakened crystal field. The optimized Ga1.18Sc0.8O3:0.02Cr3+ ceramic exhibits a high EQE of 79.6% and excellent thermal stability (I423 K/I298 K = 72%) under 468 nm excitation, which brings a saturation threshold up to 893 mW@3 W mm−2 under 450 nm laser pumping. The high‐power laser‐driven broadband NIR light source demonstrates potential in non‐invasive detection and quantitative analysis of alcohol concentration. This study opens up new avenues for the exploration of high‐power broadband NIR light sources.
Supersonic flows with a contact discontinuity to the two‐dimensional steady rotating Euler system
Authors: Weng Shangkun , Zhang Zihao
Published: September 2024

We concern the structural stability of supersonic flows with a contact discontinuity in a finitely long curved nozzle for the two‐dimensional steady compressible rotating Euler system. Concerning the effect of Coriolis force, we first establish the existence of supersonic shear flows with a contact discontinuity in the flat nozzle. We then investigate the structural stability of these background supersonic shear flows with a contact discontinuity under the perturbations of the incoming supersonic flow and the upper and lower nozzle walls. It can be formulated as an initial boundary value problem with a contact discontinuity as a free boundary. The Lagrangian transformation is employed to straighten and fix the contact discontinuity, and the rotating Euler system is reduced to a first‐order hyperbolic system for the Riemann invariants. The key ingredient of the analysis is to obtain the estimates of the solution for the associated linearized hyperbolic system via the characteristic method.
The Protective Potential of Butyrate against Colon Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Is Critically Dependent on Cell Type
Authors: Oncel Sema , Safratowich Bryan D. , Zeng Huawei
Published: September 2024

Scope

Short‐chain fatty acids such as butyrate are produced through the fermentation of dietary fiber by colonic bacteria. Preclinical studies indicate an anticancer potential of butyrate, but clinical evidence shows greater variability. The study hypothesizes the effectiveness of butyrate on reducing colon cancer cell migration and invasion may vary due to the cell‐type.

Methods and results

The study determines the efficacy of butyrate (0–4 mM) to inhibit cancer cell migration, invasion, and related signaling proteins in three distinct human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines: HCT116, HT‐29, and Caco‐2. Butyrate exhibits a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration and invasion. This inhibitory potential on oncogenic focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and sarcoma (Src) proteins is greater in HCT116 cells (1.1 and 0.8‐fold) and HT‐29 cells (0.9 and 0.4‐fold) compared to Caco‐2 cells, respectively. Conversely, E‐cadherin protein, a classical epithelial cell marker and potential tumor suppressor, is 2.3‐fold greater in HCT116 cells than in HT‐29 cells and Caco‐2 cells. Moreover, survival analysis from a public cancer database demonstrates that CRC patients with high E‐cadherin expression have a 13% greater 5‐year survival rate than those with low expression.

Conclusion

Collectively, butyrate's anti‐cancer efficacy on CRC cells varies depending on cell‐type and is linked to the FAK/Src/E‐cadherin pathway.
The Effect of Telerehabilitation‐Based Self‐Management Programme on Individuals With Scleroderma
Authors: Karakuş Emirhan , Sari Fulden , Avanoğlu Güler Aslıhan , Oskay Deran , Öksüz Çiğdem
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Our study endeavoured to develop an online self‐management programme facilitated by an interdisciplinary team and to assess its impact on the quality of life, sleep patterns, pain perception, and fatigue levels among individuals diagnosed with scleroderma.

Methods

Twenty‐nine individuals with scleroderma completed the programme. The study spanned 8 weeks during which participants received weekly 45‐min video sessions. Assessment tools included the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) for disease severity and pain intensity, the Self‐Efficacy Scale for Chronic Disease Patients for self‐management evaluation, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality, the Fatigue Severity Scale for measuring fatigue severity, and the Short Form‐12 Quality of Life Scale (SF‐12) for evaluating quality of life.

Results

Self‐management score increased significantly, while fatigue score decreased significantly. Feedback from participants indicated a positive perception of the programme and its content, suggesting its usefulness in managing their condition. Feedback from participants indicated a positive perception of the programme and its content, suggesting its usefulness in managing their condition.

Conclusions

The self‐management programme, developed collaboratively by an interdisciplinary team and implemented via telerehabilitation, yielded beneficial outcomes concerning self‐management skills and fatigue severity among individuals with scleroderma. Strengthening the interdisciplinary composition of the study team by incorporating diverse healthcare professionals may enhance future investigations. Additionally, we advocate for the repetition of the study employing randomised methodologies and implementing long‐term follow‐up assessments to further elucidate the programme's efficacy and sustainability over time.
Intelligent Parameter Identification for a High‐Cycle Accumulation Model of Sand With Enhancement of Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: He Shao‐Heng , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Sun Yifei , Ding Zhi
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel approach of intelligent parameter identification (IPI) for a high‐cycle accumulation (HCA) model of sand, which reduces the subjective errors on manual parameter calibration and makes the use of the HCA model more accessible. The technique is based on optimization theory and adopts the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). To improve search ability and convergence speed of CSA, several enhancements are implemented. First, the improved CSA (ICSA) incorporates quasi‐opposition learning to expand the search space and replaces the original search strategy with a Cauchy random walk to enhance global search ability. Second, an adaptive scaling factor is introduced in the algorithm's control parameters to achieve a better balance between exploration speed and accuracy. Third, a dynamic inertia weight is used to balance the search between global and local spaces when generating new nest positions after abandoning old ones. The performance of the ICSA‐based IPI approach is evaluated by comparing it with the original CSA‐based IPI and manual calibration in determining the HCA model parameters. A comprehensive analysis is also conducted to assess the effectiveness and superiority of each improvement strategy introduced in the ICSA over the original CSA. All comparisons demonstrate that the proposed ICSA‐based IPI method is more powerful and efficient in finding optimal parameters.
Lateral Dynamic Impedances of Pile Embedded in Saturated Soil Considering Local Debonding at the Pile–Soil Interface
Authors: Ding Nansheng , Ding Zhaowei , Zhao Qihua
Published: September 2024

An analytical solution based on the infinite layer theory of Novak and Biot's consolidation equation is developed in this study to evaluate the impact of local debonding occurring at the pile–soil interface. The potential functions are employed to decouple the differential equations that govern the soil deformations, while the dynamic resistances of soil are determined from the boundary conditions at the pile–soil interface in accordance with computational theory for mixed boundary problems. The Adomian decomposition method is introduced to obtain the dynamic impedances of pile. The effects of local debonding on the dynamic resistances of soil are investigated by comparing the results from the present solution with available schemes based on perfect contact assumption. The influences of pile–soil modulus ratio, exciting frequency, soil permeability, and slenderness ratio of pile while considering local debonding were then examined. The numerical results indicate that the local debonding occurring at the pile–soil interface dramatically weakened the lateral dynamic impedances of pile, and this trend was particularly pronounced at high frequency and small modulus ratio. Additionally, the local debonding phenomenon also imposes limitations on the implementation of the equivalent single‐phase solution in practical engineering applications. The presented solution theoretically demonstrates the significant impact of local debonding on the dynamic response of piles embedded in saturated soil and may provide insight into determining parameter values in empirical equations.
Differential mitochondrial adaptation and FNDC5 production in brown and white adipose tissue in response to cold and obesity
Authors: Neira Gabriela , Hernández‐Pardos Ana Wenting , Becerril Sara , Ramírez Beatriz , Valentí Víctor , Moncada Rafael , Catalán Victoria , Gómez‐Ambrosi Javier , Burrell María A. , Silva Camilo , Escalada Javier , Frühbeck Gema , Rodríguez Amaia
Published: September 2024

Objective

Fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5 (FNDC5) modulates adipocyte metabolism by increasing white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) browning and activity, respectively. We investigated whether FNDC5 can regulate visceral WAT and BAT adaptive thermogenesis by improving mitochondrial homeostasis in response to cold and obesity.

Methods

Adipose tissue expression of FNDC5 and factors involved in mitochondrial homeostasis were determined in patients with normal weight and obesity (n = 159) and in rats with diet‐induced obesity after 1 week of cold exposure (n = 61). The effect of different FNDC5 concentrations on mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy was evaluated in vitro in human adipocytes.

Results

In human visceral adipocytes, FNDC5/irisin triggered mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM) and fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) while inhibiting peripheral fission (DNM1L and FIS1) and mitophagy (PINK1 and PRKN). Circulating and visceral WAT expression of FNDC5 was decreased in patients and experimental animals with obesity, whereas its receptor, integrin αV, was upregulated. Obesity increased mitochondrial fusion while decreasing mitophagy in visceral WAT from patients and rats. By contrast, in rat BAT, an upregulation of Fndc5 and genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fission was observed. Cold exposure promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and healthy peripheral fission while repressing Fndc5 expression and mitophagy in BAT from rats.

Conclusions

Depot differences in FNDC5 production and mitochondrial adaptations in response to obesity and cold might indicate a self‐regulatory mechanism to control thermogenesis in response to energy needs.

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Management and treatment modalities of inferior alveolar nerve injuries: Review of literature
Authors: Hosseini Kosar , Akhondian Salehe , Jafarpour Kimia , Tolooei Afsaneh , Valizadeh Maryam , Ganjehzadeh Shabnam
Published: September 2024

Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is recognized as a potentially serious complication of a wide range of dental procedures. Treatment options include nonsurgical therapies, surgical intervention, or a combination of these techniques. However, no consensus exists regarding the timing of treatment or the preferred intervention modalities for each case. This study aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the management and treatment modalities of IAN injuries. We conducted a search using keywords such as “management,” “inferior alveolar nerve,” and “injury.” Related English‐language articles were identified through electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to June 2023. Due to the limited quality and quantity of studies and the conflicting results regarding various treatments for injured IANs, further research and randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish the optimal treatment protocol for medications, laser therapy, and surgical procedures.
Impact of diet adherence on weight and lipids among African American participants randomized to vegan or omnivorous diets
Authors: Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle M. , Wilcox Sara , Frongillo Edward A. , Murphy E. Angela , Kim Yesil , Hu Emily A. , Okpara Nkechi , Bailey Shiba
Published: September 2024

Objective

Prior research has found that plant‐based diets (PBDs) are rated as acceptable and have similar levels of adherence as compared to other therapeutic dietary approaches; however, previous studies were mostly among white populations. Plant‐based diets can produce clinically meaningful weight loss, but outcomes may vary by level of adherence. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in weight and lipids among participants in the Nutritious Eating with Soul study based on adherence to their diet assignment.

Methods

African American adults (n = 159; 79% female) with overweight or obesity (mean BMI 36.9 ± 6.9 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in a 24‐month intervention. Participants were randomized to a plant‐based vegan (n = 77) or a low‐fat omnivorous (n = 82) diet, both emphasizing soul food cuisine. Participants attended nutrition classes and had dietary intake/adherence (three 24‐h recalls; adherence score 1–5), body weight, lipids, and other secondary outcomes assessed at baseline, 6‐, 12‐, and 24 months. Participants who met at least half of the adherence criteria (≥2.5 out of 5) were categorized as adherents.

Results

At 24 months, adherent vegans lost 5% of their body weight, non‐adherent vegans lost −0.005%, adherent omnivores lost −0.03%, and non‐adherent omnivores lost −0.02%. Adherent vegans lost more weight (kg) than all other participants at both 6‐ (−3.32 ± 0.92 (−5.14, −1.49), p < 0.001) and 24 months (−3.27 ± 1.49 (−6.23, −0.31), p = 0.03). Adherent vegans also lost more weight than less adherent vegans (−3.74 ± 1.05 (−5.82, −1.65)), adherent omnivores (−4.00 ± 1.27 (−6.51, −1.48)), and less adherent omnivores (−2.22 ± 0.98 (−4.15, −0.28)) at 6 months and lost more weight than less adherent vegans at 24 months (−4.96 ± 1.8 (−8.54, −1.37)) (all p < 0.05). Adherent vegans had greater improvements in cholesterol‐to‐HDL ratio at 24 months (−0.47 ± 0.22 (−0.92, −0.03), p = 0.04) and greater decreases in insulin (−4.57 ± 2.16 (−8.85, −0.29), p = 0.04) at 6 months than all other participants combined.

Conclusions

The study points to the benefit of the use of a PBD for reducing weight, lipids, and insulin in African American adults, but also highlights the importance of supporting adherence to the PBD.

Clinical Trials.Gov ID

Nutritious Eating With Soul (The NEW Soul Study); NCT03354377.
Spatial analysis of microRNA regulation at defined tumor hypoxia levels reveals biological traits of aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Skingen Vilde E , Salberg Unn Beate , Hompland Tord , Fjeldbo Christina S , Helgeland Hanna , Frikstad Kari‐Anne M , Ragnum Harald B , Vlatkovic Ljiljana , Hole Knut Håkon , Seierstad Therese , Lyng Heidi
Published: September 2024

Mechanisms regulating the gene expression program at different hypoxia severity levels in patient tumors are not understood. We aimed to determine microRNA (miRNA) regulation of this program at defined hypoxia levels from moderate to severe in prostate cancer. Biopsies from 95 patients were used, where 83 patients received the hypoxia marker pimonidazole before prostatectomy. Forty hypoxia levels were extracted from pimonidazole‐stained histological sections and correlated with miRNA and gene expression profiles determined by RNA sequencing and Illumina bead arrays. This identified miRNAs associated with moderate (n = 7) and severe (n = 28) hypoxia and predicted their target genes. The scores of miRNAs or target genes showed prognostic significance, as validated in an external cohort of 417 patients. The target genes showed enrichment of gene sets for cell proliferation and MYC activation at all hypoxia levels and PTEN inactivation at severe hypoxia. This was confirmed by RT‐qPCR for MYC and PTEN, by Ki67 immunohistochemistry, and by gene set analysis in an external cohort. To assess whether miRNA regulation occurred within the predicted hypoxic regions, a method to quantify co‐localization of multiple histopathology parameters at defined hypoxia levels was applied. A high Ki67 proliferation index co‐localized significantly with hypoxia at all levels. The co‐localization index was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Absence of PTEN staining co‐localized significantly with severe hypoxia. The scores for miRNAs correlated with the co‐localization index for Ki67 staining and hypoxia, consistent with miRNA regulation within the overlapping regions. This was confirmed by showing miR‐210‐3p expression within severe hypoxia by in situ hybridization. Cell line experiments (22Rv1, PC3) were conducted to determine whether miRNAs and target genes were regulated directly by hypoxia. Most of them were hypoxia‐unresponsive, and probably regulated by other mechanisms such as MYC activation. In conclusion, in aggressive, hypoxic prostate tumors, cancer cells exhibit different proliferative gene expression programs that is regulated by miRNAs and depend on whether the cells reside in moderate or severe hypoxic regions. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
DNA methylation as a new tool for the differential diagnosis between T‐LBL and lymphocyte‐rich thymoma
Authors: Latiri Mehdi , Belhocine Mohamed , Smith Charlotte , Garnier Nathalie , Balducci Estelle , Pinton Antoine , Andrieu Guillaume P , Bruneau Julie , Spicuglia Salvatore , Jamain Stéphane , Latapie Violaine , de Montpreville Vincent Thomas , Chalabreysse Lara , Marx Alexander , Girard Nicolas , Besse Benjamin , Plass Christoph , Gibault Laure , Badoual Cécile , Macintyre Elizabeth , Asnafi Vahid , Molina Thierry Jo , Touzart Aurore
Published: September 2024

T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) and thymoma are two rare primary tumors of the thymus deriving either from T‐cell precursors or from thymic epithelial cells, respectively. Some thymoma subtypes (AB, B1, and B2) display numerous reactive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐positive (TdT+) T‐cell precursors masking epithelial tumor cells. Therefore, the differential diagnosis between T‐LBL and TdT+ T‐lymphocyte‐rich thymoma could be challenging, especially in the case of needle biopsy. To distinguish between T‐LBL and thymoma‐associated lymphoid proliferations, we analyzed the global DNA methylation using two different technologies, namely MeDIP array and EPIC array, in independent samples series [17 T‐LBLs compared with one TdT+ lymphocyte‐rich thymoma (B1 subtype) and three normal thymi, and seven lymphocyte‐rich thymomas compared with 24 T‐LBLs, respectively]. In unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), T‐LBL and thymoma samples clustered separately. We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using MeDIP‐array and EPIC‐array datasets and nine overlapping genes between the two datasets considering the top 100 DMRs including ZIC1, TSHZ2, CDC42BPB, RBM24, C10orf53, and MACROD2. In order to explore the DNA methylation profiles in larger series, we defined a classifier based on these six differentially methylated gene promoters, developed an MS‐MLPA assay, and demonstrated a significant differential methylation between thymomas (hypomethylated; n = 48) and T‐LBLs (hypermethylated; n = 54) (methylation ratio median 0.03 versus 0.66, respectively; p < 0.0001), with MACROD2 methylation status the most discriminating. Using a machine learning strategy, we built a prediction model trained with the EPIC‐array dataset and defined a cumulative score taking into account the weight of each feature. A score above or equal to 0.4 was predictive of T‐LBL and conversely. Applied to the MS‐MLPA dataset, this prediction model accurately predicted diagnoses of T‐LBL and thymoma. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Genomic analysis defines distinct pancreatic and neuronal subtypes of lung carcinoid
Authors: Domingo‐Sabugo Clara , Willis‐Owen Saffron AG , Mandal Amit , Nastase Anca , Dwyer Sarah , Brambilla Cecilia , Gálvez José Héctor , Zhuang Qinwei , Popat Sanjay , Eveleigh Robert , Munter Markus , Lim Eric , Nicholson Andrew G , Lathrop G Mark , Cookson William OC , Moffatt Miriam F
Published: September 2024

Lung carcinoids (L‐CDs) are rare, poorly characterised neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). L‐CDs are more common in women and are not the consequence of cigarette smoking. They are classified histologically as typical carcinoids (TCs) or atypical carcinoids (ACs). ACs confer a worse survival. Histological classification is imperfect, and there is increasing interest in molecular markers. We therefore investigated global transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of 15 L‐CDs resected with curative intent at Royal Brompton Hospital. We identified underlying mutations and structural abnormalities through whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Transcriptomic clustering algorithms identified two distinct L‐CD subtypes. These showed similarities either to pancreatic or neuroendocrine tumours at other sites and so were named respectively L‐CD‐PanC and L‐CD‐NeU. L‐CD‐PanC tumours featured upregulation of pancreatic and metabolic pathway genes matched by promoter hypomethylation of genes for beta cells and insulin secretion (p < 1 × 10−6). These tumours were centrally located and showed mutational signatures of activation‐induced deaminase/apolipoprotein B editing complex  activity, together with genome‐wide DNA methylation loss enriched in repetitive elements (p = 2.2 × 10−16). By contrast, the L‐CD‐NeU group exhibited upregulation of neuronal markers (adjusted p < 0.01) and was characterised by focal spindle cell morphology (p = 0.04), peripheral location (p = 0.01), high mutational load (p = 2.17 × 10−4), recurrent copy number alterations, and enrichment for ACs. Mutations affected chromatin remodelling and SWI/SNF complex pathways. L‐CD‐NeU tumours carried a mutational signature attributable to aflatoxin and aristolochic acid (p = 0.05), suggesting a possible environmental exposure in their pathogenesis. Immunologically, myeloid and T‐cell markers were enriched in L‐CD‐PanC and B‐cell markers in L‐CD‐NeU tumours. The substantial epigenetic and non‐coding differences between L‐CD‐PanC and L‐CD‐NeU open new possibilities for biomarker selection and targeted treatment of L‐CD. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Optimization of conductive nanofillers in bio‐based polyurethane foams for ammonia‐sensing application
Authors: Selvaraj Vinoth Kumar , Subramanian Jeyanthi , Krishna Rajeev P. , Rajendran Vijayakumar , Raja S.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on transforming inherently insulating bio‐based polyurethane foam into a susceptible gas sensor. The foam is chemically treated and reinforced with conductive fillers, including polyaniline, zinc oxide, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, synthesized through in situ polymerization. A statistical approach employing the design of experiments with response surface methodology was applied for optimization. Scanning electron microscopy imaging visually confirmed the size, shape, and uniformity of nanofillers in the polyurethane foam. The electrical conductivity of the composite material and its sensitivity to ammonia exposure were evaluated using a Rigol DM3068 digital multi‐meter. Our optimization identified the ideal composition to achieve the highest electrical conductivity, attained with 2.5 wt% polyaniline, 0.5 wt% zinc oxide, and 1 wt% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, resulting in a value of 2544.30 S/m. The resistance measurements demonstrated the sample's suitability for ammonia sensing, ranging from 0.8 to 200 Ω with a response time of less than 20 s. In conclusion, our research underscores the versatility of this innovative material, providing a comprehensive solution for gas detection across various domains. By sensitively responding to ammonia, this composite material safeguards the industrial environment and finds applications in healthcare and agriculture, contributing to enhanced safety, and diagnostics.

Highlights

Fabricated bio‐based polyurethane foam into a conductive gas sensor

Used polyaniline, zinc oxide, and multi‐walled carbon nanotube fillers synthesized via in situ polymerization

Optimized using design of experiments with response surface methodology and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy

Achieved excellent electrical conductivity

Ammonia sensing with 0.8 to 200 Ω resistance for industrial, healthcare, and agricultural applications
Synthesis and applications of natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mahmud Md. Zobair Al , Rabbi S. M. Fazle , Islam Md. Didarul , Hossain Nayem
Published: September 2024

This review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the synthesis methods, properties, and applications of natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites, highlighting their potential as sustainable materials for various industries. The objective of the study is to examine how different natural fibers such as jute, flax, hemp, and sisal impact the mechanical performance of epoxy composites. The synthesis of these composites involves fiber selection, surface treatments, and epoxy matrix formulation, with processing techniques like hand lay‐up, vacuum infusion, and compression molding playing critical roles. Quantitative results show that tensile strengths of these fibers range from 12 MPa (abaca) to 1627 MPa (pineapple), and densities range from 295 kg/m3 (kenaf) to 1560 kg/m3 (pineapple), reflecting their variability and influence on composite performance. The review finds that fiber‐matrix compatibility, fiber orientation, and interfacial adhesion significantly affect the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and thermal stability. The composites demonstrate potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries, where they can be used for interior components, structural elements, and non‐load‐bearing parts. The study concludes that natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites offer a promising solution for reducing environmental impact while maintaining material performance in various structural applications.

Highlights

Epoxy‐reinforced natural fiber composites synthesis and applications.

Synthesis involves fiber selection, treatment, and epoxy matrix formulation.

Natural fibers like jute, flax, hemp, and sisal used due to their renewable nature and biodegradability.

Applications include automotive and furniture industries.