bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of Grouping and Cutting Pattern of Cutting Problem of Two-Dimensional Plate
Authors: Qiu Xue Shao , Zhang Yin He , Wu Jie Yun , Ma Xue Man
Published: February 2012

Through a case of glass plate cutting, two-dimensional cutting pattern problem of rectangular blanks is discussed. The raw material is cut and layout by applying the method of grouping and two-stage cutting pattern types. Here first all the blanks are divided into different groups based on certain requirement, and then two-dimensional cutting pattern problem is transformed into two one-dimensional cutting problems. Through constructing an integer programming model, the cutting program of the raw material can be obtained step by step by calculating in LINGO. Because here the precise algorithm of integer programming is applied, which is not the time algorithm of polynomial, in the specific implementation, there shouldn’t be more variables, so all the data should be divided into different groups to calculate. In each group, there should be no more than 6 blanks, which are grouped according to their size. This algorithm is simple and easy to operate with a high material usage.
Numerical Simulation Analysis on Residential Building Indoor Thermal Environment of Intermittent Heating in Lhasa Based on DeST
Authors: Wang Ying Ying , Liu Yan Feng , Wang Deng Jia
Published: February 2012

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether the intermittent heating mode is feasible for residential buildings in Lhasa, the thermal parameters of each palisade structure and the influence law of intermittent heating mode on the indoor thermal environment. In this paper, the DeST energy consumption simulation software that is compiled by Tsinghua University was used to simulate and analyze a residential building in Lhasa city. The results show that: It is completely feasible to carry out intermittent heating in Lhasa area. Considering the indoor temperature reduction should not be too large during intermittent heating break, it is recommended to adopt external insulation. Compared with continuous heating mode, heating open 8 hours and 12 hours a day can save energy 24% and 39% respectively. The results can provide evidences for intermittent heating operating control and energy- saving.
Methane Sensor Arrangement Method in the Coal Mining Face Inlet Lane
Authors: Zhao Chun Gang , Yan Man , Gong Ping
Published: February 2012

This paper theoretically analyzed the distribution of gas concentration in the coal mining face inlet lane under normal ventilation and provided a theoretical basis for sensor arrangement.Monitoring the gas reflux in the coal mining face, and it is difficult to simultaneously simulate the air flow in inlet lane,the air flow in coal mining face and gas outburst in coal mining face lead to gas reflux into inlet lane from the perspective of simulation.So we calculate the range of the highest concentration in target monitoring area under certain confidence interval,and determine the location of methane sensor placement,alarm concentration and power concentration.So we can ensure gas safety within the target monitoring location.
Design and Analysis of AFDX Network Based High-Speed Avionics System of Civil Aircraft
Authors: Wang Hong Chun , Niu Wen Sheng
Published: February 2012

Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) standardized as ARINC 664 is a major upgrade for integrated avionics systems of civil aircraft. It becomes the current communication technology in the context of avionics and provides a backbone network for the civil avionics system. This paper focuses on features of AFDX network protocol. Architecture of AFDX switch based on shared memory is proposed to meet the requirements of avionics real-time system. In addition, frame filtering, traffic policing and frame schedule function are used to eliminate uncertainties in huge traffic flows. End System (ES) host-target architecture is also researched in this paper. Virtual link scheduler, redundancy management, and protocol stack in ES are designed to ensure determinism and reliability of data communication. AFDX switch and ES have been successfully developed, and configuration tool, ARINC 615A loader and simulation tool related to AFDX network are also provided as package solution to support avionics system construction. Finally, AFDX switch and ESes have passed ARINC 664 protocol conformance test and certification, the test results show that our AFDX products meet the requirements of real-time communication, determinism and reliability defined in ARINC 664
A Method for the Temperature Measurement of PCR Instrument Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion
Authors: Fang Rong Rui , Xue Sheng Hu , Ye Zi Hong , Yu Xiao Ping
Published: February 2012

Method based on multi-sensor detection and data fusion technology is proposed for the temperature of real-time quantitative PCR reaction samples .The principle of Grubbs is used to eliminate the careless mistake data. Particularly, the fusion method based on weighted mean value and estimation in batches is used to process the sampled data, which gives error of indication. And then we can revise indication values.
Study on ANN Noise Adaptability in Application of Industry Process Characteristics Mining
Authors: Huang Xian
Published: February 2012

One important technical solution to improve the efficiency and environment-friendly of a running industry process is to grasp its characteristics by data miming tools such as ANN. As field data are usually polluted by noise more or less and, even badly polluted sometimes, the noise adaptability of ANNs such as BP, RBF and fuzzy neural networks built on BP or RBF is analyzed in a quite thorough way. Firstly, as for computer simulation study, a MIMO non-linear process is supposed to be polluted by 3 different levels of white noise so as to observe and analyze the mining performances of the above 4 kinds ANNs. Then, their performances in characteristics mining of the combustion process of a running 600MWe boiler are further analyzed as a practical application case, which is polluted even more seriously by field data noise. The results show that noise adaptability cannot be ignored in the selection of data mining tools in engineering application. The ascending strong sort order of noise adaptability is BP, RBF and the fuzzy ones built on BP and RBF respectively. Fuzzy neural networks built on RBF are recommended for those complicated and noisy application like the boiler combustion case.
Experiment and Study of Electric Control Loading System
Authors: Fu Jia Cai , Liu Xian Hua , Ma Tian Chu
Published: February 2012

According to the aircraft control load power model, using electric power servo loading approach in designing the aircraft simulator electric control loading system, introduced a control loading system works as well as excess power causes. According to the direct driving torque control servo motor applied characteristics of double by force, and the compensation of hybrid control strategy. Using force is the inner loop, current loop using. At the same time as manipulate load system, we can adopt " Structure invariability principle " compensation strategies that speed compensation measures to abate force to influence on the performance of the control system. Experiment measures to eliminate that speed compensation system of plus torque, and good results have been achieved. Simulation results show that, using the hybrid control strategy can effectively eliminate the surplus torque control steady-state error, tracking precision, to force the requirements for the construction, performance control principle prototype system load provides data parameters and the control strategy.
Research on the Servo Position Control System of the Carrying Manipulator Based on Pneumatic Drive
Authors: Zhao Mei Ning , Wang Fang , Dong Miao Xin
Published: February 2012

Ammunition fuse shell is carried rapidly by the carrying manipulator from heating furnace to molding machine, so manipulator need accurate repeated position. The servo position control system is established to meet manipulator multi-point and flexible location based on pneumatic driving system. Linear mathematical model of the servo position control system is built based proper assumption, and model was used to analyze control system theoretically. The carrying manipulator can satisfy demands including decided order and positions; the control character is good by debugging.
Design of Water Bath Temperature Control System Based on DS18B20
Authors: Zhang Zhi Yong , Guo Tie Liang
Published: February 2012

The features and working principle of single-wire digital temperature sensor DS18B20 are introduced. Through applying single chip microcontroller AT89C51, the water bath temperature control system is designed based on DS18B20. The paper also gives the structure of the hardware device, main design of software and the C51 program of DS18B20. In the end, the experimental result shows that the DS18B20 system has a higher accuracy.
Application of IMC-PID in the Hydraulic Headbox Total Pressure Control
Authors: Tang Wei , Niu Xu Zhong , Shan Wen Juan
Published: February 2012

It is very difficult to obtain perfect performance to apply the conventional PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller, because hydraulic headbox needs high precision total pressure control. Transfer function of total pressure control system was identified by using the direct identification method which is based on the least square method for the first-order plus delay time model. Then combined with IMC (Internal-Model-control) –PID method, an IMC-PID controller was designed, which is simple and only needed to adjust one parameter-the time constant of low pass filter. Acceptable performance can also be obtained by tuning time constant of the low pass filter when the model doesn't match with the real process. The algorithm was applied to total pressure control system of hydraulic headbox. Simulation and practical application show that, IMC-PID is of strong robustness and good dynamic characteristics. Finally, the control system is implemented by S7-300 PLC.
The Role of Information Sharing and Joint Transportation Process for Empty Run Reduction
Authors: Peetijade Chaiyot , Bangviwat Athikom
Published: February 2012

In Thailand pickup truck is the most popular vehicle both for individual and organization. Manufacturing sector also uses pickup trucks to delivery products. Empty truck run is a major problem for transportation sector which increases transportation cost and inefficient use of energy. This paper attempts to present the information gathered from the survey and to provide general characteristics of pickup truck runs in manufacturing sector. More than 95 percent of backhaul trips using pickup truck were empty. Information of truck trips from each factory is the key point to lower empty miles by joint transportation processes. The survey showed that if the information of empty truck runs was shared and the matching of truck trips was carried out, a total empty mile of 15,161 kilometers out of 220 pairs of matching backhaul trips, or 15.36 percent of total truck runs, could be saved. Consequently, the cost of product will be reduced.
Prediction of Rupture in Gas Forming Process Using Continuum Damage Mechanic
Authors: Rahafrooz M. , Sanjari M. , Moradi M. , Ghodsiyeh Danial
Published: February 2012

The Continuum Damage Mechanics is a branch of applied mechanics that used to predict the initiation of cracks in metal forming process. In this article, damage definition and ductile damage model are explained, and also ductile damage model is applied to predict initiation of fracture in gas metal forming process with ABAQUS/EXPLICIT simulation. In this method instead of punch, the force is applied by air pressure. In this study, first the ductile damage criterion and its relations are taken into account and, subsequently, the process of gas-aid formation process is put into consideration and ductile damage model for prediction of rupture area is simulated using ABAQUS simulation software. Eventually, the process of formation via gas on the aluminum with total thickness of 0.24 [mm] was experimentally investigated and the results acquired from experiment were compared with relating simulations. The effect of various parameters such as radius of edge matrix, gas pressure and blank temperature has been evaluated. Simulation was compared with experimental results and good agreement was observed.
An Approach for Simulation Design of Mechanical Assembled Units
Authors: Dinev Georgi
Published: February 2012

An approach for cinematic analysis of mechanical assembled unit is presented. The equation for study of reciprocating movement of safety overflow valve is defined. We give the values of limiting technological parameters. Base these limiting conditions for pressure and rate of transported fluids developed a simulating model. Thus we are searching for collision, between components in composed assembled unit and are grounded the values for regulation of limiting conditions of flexible element in designed product. The results could be used for training of students of master degree and post-graduated students in this field of CAD design, as well as for creating animation models of assembled units in engineer design.
Modeling and Simulation of A 6 Dof Robot
Authors: Enescu Monica Loredana , Alexandru Cătălin
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this paper is to model and simulate a 6 DOF robotic system with revolute joints. This is in order to optimize the motion law which results in uniform coating deposited by spray pyrolysis. The structure and the complexity of the robotic system are determined by the necessary movements in the spray pyrolysis process. The nozzle (end-effector of the robot manipulator) has two translations, in longitudinal and transversal direction relative to the surface deposition. The mechanical model of the robot mechanism was developed by using the MBS (Multi Body Systems) environment ADAMS of MSC Software.
Morphology Evolution and Luminescence Properties of YF3: Sm Nano-/Microcrystals
Authors: Tao Feng , Zhu Geng , Wang Zhi Jun , Pan Feng , Sun Yu Feng , Fang Zhen
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Recently, there has been increasting interest in the doping of nano-/microcrystal hosts with Sm3+. However, very few examples of Sm3+ doped YF3 -based nanophosphors have been reported. In this paper, a variety of uniform YF3:Sm nano-/microcrystals have been successfully prepared by a facile, effective, and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method. The morphology evolution process has been investigated by quenching the reaction at different time. Based on the results, a possible growth mechanism is presented in detail. The as-obtained YF3:Sm nano-/microcrystals show strong yellow and red light emissions under room temperature, which is quite different from those reported previously and might find potential applications in fields such as light phosphor powers and advanced flat panel display devices.
Software Module for Objects Shape Tracing and Recognition before Gripping
Authors: Staretu Ionel , Itu Alexandru Mihail
Published: February 2012

This paper presents the general structure, implementation features and a software module for tracing, visualization, shape recognition, measurement and efficiency evaluation for 3D model generation of objects to grip by an anthropomorphic gripper. Viewing is possible with an advanced video camera and shape recognition is possible through classifiers method. After setting the object shape, the gripper will approach the target, and its displacement is measured. Implementation, and how to work with the software designed are possible in several steps that are specified and described. The performance evaluation of the software system is based on a series of external factors, the most important being: light conditions; quality of video device; capture size; the human factor through a series of experiments focused on the system's ability to cope with external factors above mentioned.
Numerical Analysis of Crack Propagation in Brittle Materials under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Guo Xi Xi , Su Zhao Bin
Published: February 2012

The new simple and effective grid remeshing method on crack propagation in brittle materials is successfully introduced which is under uniaxial compression. Numerical analysis is applied to brittle materials of a single pre-existing crack considering various dip angles, lengths and friction coefficient. According to linear elastic fracture mechanics theory, we introduce node moving method to guarantee the good shape of the grid in the process of crack growth, and set contact element between the friction surfaces, and then get the crack tip stress intensity factor by using quarter singular element. The influence of length, angle and friction coefficient on crack propagation is quantitatively described. The method is consistent with the experimental results and is effective in 2D problems.
Comparative Analysis of ZMP for Biped Robot and Human Plantar Pressure
Authors: Dobra Andreea
Published: February 2012

The paper presents comparative analysis of human plantar pressure variations and Zero Moment Point (ZMP) of bipedal mobile robots. Based on information obtained, this type of analysis may lead to results immediately applicable in the field of mobile bipedal robots. Application is create in Visual Basic environment and the results are stored in a database – MS Access.
Optimum Design of Multi-Links Finger Grippers
Authors: Simionescu Ion , Ciupitu Liviu
Published: February 2012

The grippers for industrial robots with two or more DOF and a single driving motor are used to grasp the work pieces with poor stiffness in terms of low positioning accuracy. These grippers have a simple structure and are proper and suitable to blanks or semi-finished work pieces, with major dimensional deviations, which are handled between various tasks from manufacturing process. The geometrical symmetry of the system made by fingers and work piece is got by a suitable distribution of the force. This distribution is realized by an adequate design of the gripper fingers. In present paper some considerations concerning the optimum synthesis of the gripper mechanism with two multi-links fingers are shown.
Researches Regarding the Use of Elctrohydraulic Servosystems at Industrial Robots
Authors: Barsan Ioan , Popp Ilie
Published: February 2012

This paper presents some researches regarding the use of electro-hydraulic servo-systems in driving the industrial robots, taking into consideration the conditions in which the robots work. The researches conducted upon a particular system, reveal the optimum design elements for obtaining a good behaviour in use, subsequently a good stability in use.
The Use of Sensors in a Working Area of a Mobile Robot
Authors: Bitea Mihai Alin , Dolga Valer
Published: February 2012

One purpose of this study lies in presenting a method of detecting the distance and recorder it, between the mobile robot and obstacles, and in the same time the possibility of implementing in order for it to be used by individuals (subjects) in applied studies. Another purpose it is to present the main issues that might appear during the experimental analysis of a mobile robot.
Towards the Development of Internet of Things Oriented Robot to Object Interaction Framework
Authors: Stanescu Aurelian , Moisescu Mihnea Alexandru , Sacala Ioan Stefan
Published: February 2012

The main objectives of this paper are to provide an overview of the current progress of Internet of Things oriented technologies and to propose a framework which will enable the transformation of real world objects into intelligent virtual objects and allow for a simplified robot to object interaction.
Investigation of the Scanning Angle and the Orientation of the Absorber Effects on the Photoacoustic Tomography Imaging
Authors: Rong Jian , Liu Li Xin , Zhong Xiao Chun , Lu Kui , Huang Lin , Chen Bing Zhang
Published: February 2012

In this paper, based on circular scanning configuration of photoacoustic tomography (PAT), we have tested the effects of the stepping angle of scanning and the relationship between the scanning range and the orientation of the absorber on the quality of the reconstructed image. The experiment results have shown that the reconstructed image would be influenced more by artifacts as the increase of the stepping angle of scanning, and for the limited-view scanning, while the relationship of the scanning path and the orientation of the absorber is parallel, compared with vertical, we can use the data got from less detecting position to reconstruct image clearly.
MMA-Grafted PE Separators of Lithium-Ion Battery Prepared by UV-Radiated Grafting
Authors: Zhang Zhi Qiang , Li Hua , Lv Xiao Yuan , Liu He Zhou , Theng Li Xuan
Published: February 2012

In this paper, ultraviolet (UV) radiated grafting technique was introduced to the modifying of lithium-ion battery separator, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) grafted polyethylene separators were prepared through this technique to improve the affinity between the separator and liquid electrolyte, and thus improve the battery performance. Bulk photografting process was conducted, while solution grafting processes in petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone, and butyl acylate were conducted for comparison as well, the grafting degree could reach 49%. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that MMA could be efficiently grafted by UV radiation. Influence of photosensitizer concentration and radiation time was disscussed, and the morphology was observed in this paper as well.
Preparation of Pure Anatase TiO2 Thin Films by DC Sputtering Technique: Study on the Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure
Authors: Pansila P. Pungboon , Witit-Anun Nirun , Jamnongkan Tongsai , Chaiyakun Surasing
Published: February 2012

Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon wafer and glass slide at sputtering power of 210 watt under total pressure of 5.0×10-3 mbar at different oxygen partial pressure. A pure metallic titanium target was sputtered in a mixture of argon and oxygen gases. The crystal structure and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The optical transmission was measured by spectrophotometer. The results show that the crystalline was pure anatase structure titanium dioxide thin films. The surface morphology of the films is strongly the oxygen partial pressure. It was found that surface roughness of the thin films was around 2.42 to 4.82 nm and the thickness was around 72 to130 nm. In addition, it was found that all the titanium dioxide thin films were deposited by reactive sputtering with the different oxygen pressure exhibit the transparency property.
Enhancement of TiO2 Thin Film UV Detectors by Study of Electromagnetic Effects of Silver Nanoparticle
Authors: Mohammadnejad S. , Bazmara A. , Hajigholam M.H.
Published: February 2012

In this article Tio2 thin film Containing dispersed Ag metal particle was prepared by the sol gel method, and the effect of the metal particles on the optical properties such as responsivity, extinction coefficient, plasmonic resonance of the thin films were investigated. UV/Vis optical spectra and Scanning electron microscopy were recorded to characterize the Ag/Tio2 composite films.
Studies Regarding the Movement on the Cochleoid
Authors: Luca Liliana , Ghimişi Stefan , Popescu Iulian
Published: February 2012

There are given details about the cochleoid geometry and there are traced, based on equations, different areas of cochleoid, based on a supporting mechanism. They are shown the laws of variation of the curvature radius and of the tracer point coordinates. It is studied the material point movement on the cochleoid and there are presented relationships and diagrams for speeds and accelerations.
Study of an Inorganic Ion Exchanger Al2Ti(PO4)3.3333
Authors: Li Heng
Published: February 2012

New complex inorganic ion exchanger Al2Ti(PO4)3.3333 was synthesized by a solid state reaction crystallization method. using Al2O3, TiO2 and NH4H2PO4 as raw materials. The optimum conditions were obtained by thermal experiment, calcination temperature was at 770°C, calcination time was 4.5h. The ion exchange behavior of Al2Ti(PO4)3.3333 has been studied in detail. Results of column test indicated, that the exchange capacity obtained from tests for Li+ in 0.1mol /L HNO3 solution is 7.1mmol/g..
Experimental Setup for Harmonic Drive Efficiency Determination
Authors: Rizescu Ciprian Ion , Udrea Constantin , Rizescu Dana
Published: February 2012

This paper deals with a harmonic drive, which can be used for an industrial robot, such as RIP 63, COMAU, or KUKA (RRR). The robot could be integrated in an industrial manufacturing process where it has to manipulate / transport bags, sacks, or other loads. The paper presents also the experimental setup for efficiency determination as well as experimental determinations. The computation operations were performed in MATLAB environment and the results were in good agreement with experimental tests.
Designing the Tracking System for a String of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Tatu Nicoleta Irina , Alexandru Cătălin
Published: February 2012

This paper presents the virtual prototype of the mono-axis tracking system used for improving the efficiency of a string of photovoltaic modules. The solar tracker simultaneously changes the daily position of the modules, using a linear actuator that drives a rack-pinion mechanism. The key in optimizing the tracking system is to maximize the received solar radiation and to minimize the energy consumption for tracking. The virtual prototype is developed using a digital platform which integrates the following software solutions: CATIA - for the solid modeling of the components, ADAMS - for developing the mechanical model in MBS (Multi-Body Systems) concept, and MATLAB/Simulink - for the control system design.
Indoor Navigation and Guidance of an Autonomous Robot Vehicle by Using Wireless (ZigBee) Cummunication
Authors: Mutlu Lutfi , Uyar Erol
Published: February 2012

In this work, a novel approach for navigation and guidance of a duo cycle autonomous robot vehicle by using ZigBee wireless control is presented. For navigation the angular position and location of the vehicle is measured intermittent by means of an electronic compass and a linear position encoder. Both measured values are then compared through a PC with the reference points of a certain trajectory, so that a given path can be followed by the vehicle autonomously. Besides navigation a self developed algorithm is integrated to the system control for possible obstacle avoidance and optimal path finding. The results of experimental testing showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Logic Design of Improved Backup Power Automatic Switching Considering the Influence of Small Hydropower Stations
Authors: Zhou Chen Jie , Xiong Yi , Qin Liang , Zha Xiao Ming
Published: February 2012

The correct and quick operation of backup power automatic switching（BPAS）devices is an effective guarantee of reliable power supply to the system. However, when transformer substations are connected to small-capacity distributed power like the local small hydropower stations, the conventional BPAS devices usually fail to get into operation, which leads to the loss of power in some parts of the system. To solve this shortage，this article comes up with an improved scheme of BPAS, which has been proved through PSCAD simulation to be effective in enhancing the stability and reliability of the power grid
PID Parameters Tuning Based on Wavelet Neural Network for Automatic Voltage Regulator Control System
Authors: Hu Hai Na , Wang Wu
Published: February 2012

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) was applied to hold terminal voltage magnitude of a synchronous generator at a specified level and its stability seriously affects the security of power system. PID control was applied for AVR system control, but the parameters of PID controller were hard to determine, to overcome this problem, some intelligent techniques should be taken. Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) was constrictive and fluctuant of wavelet transform and has self-study, self adjustment and nonlinear mapping functions of neural networks, so the structure of WNN and PID tuning with WNN was proposed, the tuning algorithm was applied into AVR control system, the simulation was taken with normal BP neural network and WNN, the efficiency and advantages of this control strategy was successfully demonstrated which can applied into AVR system for power system stability.
The Study of Epoxy Resins Modified By PPESK
Authors: Xu Ya Juan , Cao Qin Cun , Jian Xi Gao
Published: February 2012

A series of blends have been prepared by adding a novel thermoplastic poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) in varying proportions to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) cured with p-diaminodiphenylsulfone. The kinetics of curing reaction and glass transition temperature (Tg) of PPESK/DGEBA blends were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. It is proved that the addition of PPESK accelerated curing reaction and resulted in great enhancement of thermal properties of the blends. There was moderate increase in the fracture toughness as estimated by the critical stress intensity factor (KIc). Compared to that of unmodified epoxy, the maximum toughness of the modified blends had increased 32% by addition of 15 phr PPESK. Fracture mechanisms such as crack deflection and branches, ductile microcracks, ductile tearing of the thermoplastic of the matrix were responsible for the increase in the fracture toughness of the blends
Thermodynamics of Organic Dyes Adsorption onto Thermal Modified Rectorite
Authors: Song Jing Yan , He Ling Rong
Published: February 2012

Adsorption behavior of Rhodamine B (RhB) onto thermal modified rectorite (TM-R) has been thermodynamically investigated. The thermal modified rectorite prepared at different temperatures was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The analysis of the isotherm equilibrium data using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations by linear methods showed that the data fitted better with Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated based on Van’t Hoff equation. The average change of standard adsorption heat of RhB was 88.96 kJ/mol. The adsorption Gibbs free energy changes are in the range of -26.88～-34.52 kJ/mol, The negative of adsorption Gibbs free energy changes in all cases are indicative of the spontaneous nature of the adsorption interaction, and the values of adsorption entropy changes are positive.
Chiral Inorganic Solid Material Development
Authors: Min Liang , Xu Guo Liang , Liu Yi Min , Yao Wen Hua
Published: February 2012

After the invention of mesoporous material, the chiral mesoporous materials had been regarded as a hot research issue. Inspired by the chiral phenomenon, in this investigation, we presented several aspect of chiral mesoporous material from its first appearance, especially stated the template that could be used to prepare chiral mesoporous material, including chiral template and achiral template, besides, the different mechanisms and several distinguished scientists’ works were introduced, and some application of these material were introduced such as catalyst, HPLC stationary phases and many other fields.
Evaluation of Direct Rapid Prototyping Pattern for Investment Casting
Authors: Omar M.F.M. , Sharif S. , Ibrahim M. , Hehsan H. , Busari M.N.M. , Hafsa M.N.
Published: February 2012

The ability of rapid prototyping (RP) technology to fabricate direct part of any complex shape as a sacrificial pattern in shorter lead time has benefited the foundry industries significantly. The quality of investment casting (IC) parts is directly related to the master pattern fabricated from RP process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of various RP patterns that were fabricated by various RP processes which include 3D Printer (3DP), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Multijet Modeling (MJM). Evaluation of the RP patterns was carried out on dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and pattern shrinkage. Different internal pattern designs for the RP parts were developed using Insight software for FDM process and Solidworks 2011 for other RP systems. In addition to the quality assessments, the effect of the internal pattern designs on the burn out behaviour of the RP patterns was also evaluated. Experimental results showed that FDM and MJM produced patterns with better accuracy, surface roughness and part shrinkage when compared to 3DP. It was evident that the internal pattern structure improved the accuracy of the patterns produced from all RP processes. Results showed that FDM and MJM processes were superior in terms of mold cleanliness when no residual ash was observed during the burn out stage. Significant oxidation of ceramic powder was observed on the molds of the 3DP patterns which need to be removed manually from the molds.
Properties of Cold Pressure Welded Aluminium and Copper Sheets
Authors: Sahin Mumin , Misirli Cenk
Published: February 2012

Cold pressure welding has been used as an industrial process with an increasing rate for several years. In this study, cold pressure welding has been applied to aluminum and copper alloy sheets having commercial purity. Hydraulic press having 150 metric-ton capacities has been used for welding process. As the surface roughness and the weld deformation ratios of aluminum sheets increased, tensile strength of the joints also increased. Purchased specimens with original roughness had the lowest weld deformation as-is and it was not possible to join these sheets at 30% weld deformations. Hardness increases due to local hardening at the interface as a result of cold deformation. Results showed that the cold pressure welding technique in lap form resulted in strong Al-Al joints and the intermetallic layer formed in Al-Cu joints did not affect the joint strength to a great extent.
Gold Nanoparticle's Temperature Effect in Photoacoustic Tomography
Authors: Rong Jian , Huang Lin , Liu Li Xin , Lu Kui , Chen Bing Zhang , Zhong Xiao Chun
Published: February 2012

With the help of Photoacoustic tomography ( PAT) to precise positioning the tumor in tissue which use gold nanoparticle as contrast agents , this paper proposes the One Temperature Model (OTM) to analysis the influence of the temperature effect in PAT. The first time quantitative analysis and verify the nanoparticle’s temperature gradient on the importance of PAT.
A Theoretical Study of the Internal Forces in a Hydraulic Vane Pump with Hypertrochoid Curve in the Inner Surface of its Stator
Authors: Ebrahimi M. , Jazayeri Seyed Ali
Published: February 2012

In the latest our works, Performance of a fixed displacement- hydraulic balance vane pump, theoretically and practically was studied by application of the basic hypertrochoid curve in the inner surface of its stator. Also the effect of the inertia force of the vanes on the performance of the pump with this curve was studied. This study presents a theoretical analysis of the internal pressure distribution in the pump, and of the resulting forces and torques applied to its components. This analysis is essential to the study of the pump dynamics and control, the pump design, and selection of the pump bearings. These forces are shown to be a function of the line pressure, the shaft rotational speed, the fluid bulk modulus, the fluid viscosity, and the design geometry. These forces are composed of two components: a continuous component due to the exposure of chambers to the line port, and an intermittent component due to a hydraulic lock phenomenon.
Corrosion Failure Analysis of L80 Oil Tube
Authors: Cai Rui , Kuang Xian Ren , Lin Guan Fa , Bai Zhen Quan
Published: February 2012

Material properties of L80 oil tube were tested by means of chemical composition analysis, hardness testing and metallographic examination. Micro-morphology and corrosion production analysis of inner surface were carried out by SEM, EDS and XRD. The results showed that the material properties accorded to API SPEC 5CT. The main reason of inner wall corrosion and thinning for tube sample was solid erosion of multiphase fluid.
Surface Measurement of GLSI Wafer with Copper Interconnects after CMP
Authors: Wang Ru , Pan Guo Feng , Wang Juan , Yang Rui Xia , Liu Yu Ling
Published: February 2012

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is the best global planarization technology of GLSI process. After CMP process, there may appear large roughness, micro scratch, dishing pit, erosion pit, with-in-wafer-non-uniformity (WIWNU), organic contamination, particles and metal ions pollution on wafer with copper interconnects. Surface measurement of CMP process on the wafer mainly involves the test of roughness, defects and the contaminations. Atomic force profiler (AFP) combined with the resolution of the AFM and long-range-scan ability of the steps instrument (100 mm), is suitable for CMP process which needs to measure both the planarization of long-range scanning and tungsten plug and copper interconnects with high resolution imaging. Optical detection technology combined with the advantages of dark and bright view detection is suitable for detection of particles, crystal originated pits (COP), defects, etc. The time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) are applicable to detect metal ions. The selection and use of advanced data analysis theory and method can help to improve the speed of analysis and to find the main factors of influence surface quality. Pareto diagram analysis is very beneficial for study polishing effects and the main reason of the surface state for Cu-CMP wafer. Nine sampling method and five sampling method fit to analysis the uniform surface distribution, on the contrast isometric sampling can reflect the distribution of the surface state along the radius difference.
Synthesis, Characterization and Emission Properties of a Mixed Metal Complex of Europium (III) and Terbium (III) with a Tripodal Heptadentate Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Kanesato Masatoshi , Nagahara Keiko , Goto Midori
Published: February 2012

The preparation and characterization of a novel mixed metal complex of europium (III) and terbium (III) of a tripodal heptadentate Schiff-base ligand N [CH2CH2N=CH (2-OH-3-MeC6H3)]3 (H3L1) have been studied. The complex was prepared by the reaction of [EuL1] and [TbL1] in N, N-dimethylformamide. The ratio of europium (III) to terbium (III) in the mixed metal complex was found to be 3 to 7. The molecular structure of [Eu0.3Tb0.7L1] was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure analysis revealed that the Schiff-base behaves as a tri-deprotonated heptadentate ligand encapsulating the each metal ion within the N4O3 cavity. Under the excitation of UV light, the solid state of the complex exhibited red emission corresponding to europium (III) ion. The emission bands of 5D0 → 7Fj (j = 2, 3, 4) were observed at 609, 652, and 706 nm, respectively. On the other hand, the green emission corresponding to terbium (III) ion was not observed.
The Application of FDM in Solving Problem of Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Zhao Pei Nan , Zhang Meng Yun
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a static electromagnetic field problem will be solved. The method to solve the problem is Finite Difference Method ( FDM ). The software MATLAB is the main environment used to finish the numerical computing. Finally, we found using Finite Difference Method to solve a static electromagnetic field problem is quite convenient. We also can draw the two-dimension and three-dimension graph of the distribution of the electromagnetic field. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of using FDM to solve the problem, and the disadvantages still exist in this method.
Transition in the Fretting Phenomenon Based on the Variabile Coefficient of Friction
Authors: Ghimişi Stefan , Luca Liliana , Popescu Gheorghe
Published: February 2012

Fretting is now fully identified as a small amplitude oscillatory motion which induces a harmonic tangential force between two surfaces in contact. It is related to three main loadings, i.e. fretting-wear, fretting-fatigue and fretting corrosion. Fretting regimes were first mapped by Vingsbo. In a similar way, three fretting regimes will be considered: stick regime, slip regime and mixed regime. The mixed regime was made up of initial gross slip followed by partial slip condition after a few hundred cycles. Obviously the partial slip transition develops the highest stress levels which can induce fatigue crack nucleation depending on the fatigue properties of the two contacting first bodies. Therefore prediction of the frontier between partial slip and gross slip is required.
A Two-Step Method to Prepare Stable Superhydrophobic Surface on Steel Substrates
Authors: Guo Feng , Su Xun Jia , Hou Gen Liang , Liu Zhao Hui , Jia Hai Peng
Published: February 2012

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been a hot topic during the last decade owing to their great potential in widely application. In this work, we report on a facile and low-cost two-step method to fabricate superhydrophobic surface on steel substrates. The as-obtained surface shows an interesting hierarchical structure composed of microscale flowerlike cluster and nanoscale particles, which is similar to that of a lotus leaf. After further modification with stearic acid, the resultant surface exhibits remarkable superhydrophobic properties. The water contact angle is as high as 155°. Moreover, the superhydrophobic properties are long-term stable.
Effects of Surface Pretreatment to the Properties of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Cutting Tool Coated Amorphous Graphite
Authors: Ramli J. , Sh’ri D.N. Awang , Alang Nasrul Azuan , Nor Imrah Yusof , Mahat M.M.
Published: February 2012

Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and sand blasting have been incorporated together with chemical surface pretreatment (HF) for the surface pretreatment of the Al2O3 cutting tool. Amorphous graphite was deposited on the substrates by using PVD technique. Morphological observation by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), surface roughness and topography of the substrate by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was done in order to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment on the substrates. Critical load required in scratching the substrate’s surface after coating by different surface pretreatment was evaluated by microscratch testing. As-received micrograph has a continuous 45° direction based on horizontal line when the substrate was put in the chamber at the time the image was taken. Substrate with surface pretreatment shows non-uniform surface with peak and valley image. Coated surface micrograph shows amorphous graphite with cube in shape. Surface roughness and critical load for microscratch of sample was found increased with surface pretreatment both chemically and mechanically.
Electroless Ni-P Coating of Cenospheres Using Copper Sulfate Activator
Authors: Zeng Ai Xiang , Hu Kai Long , Luo Li
Published: February 2012

Electroless Ni- P-coating of fly-ash cenosphere particles is demonstrated in the present investigation. The Electroless Ni- P-coating process is modified by replacing the conventional sensitization and activation steps with only using activation step with CuSO4 activator. The cenosphere particles are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during and after the coating process. Relatively uniform and continuous coating is obtained under the given coating conditions. The possible mechanism of electroless Ni-P-coating of cenosphere particles utilizing CuSO4 activator is suggested. The low density Ni-P coated cenosphere particles may be utilized for manufacturing conducting polymers for EMI-shielding application and microwave absorbing materials.
Electron Spectroscopic Studies of Homogenous (GaMn)As Layers
Authors: Ulfat I. , Adell J. , Pal P. , Sadowski J. , Ilver L. , Kanski J.
Published: February 2012

By incorporating magnetism into semiconductors, it may possibly be viable to enhance the functionality of materials. An exceptionally important material in this context is GaAs, which can be doped with Mn atoms. (GaMn)As has fascinated research community as a promising candidate for spintronic application. It is quite appealing due to both its compatibility with existing III-V technology and great progress in improving its magnetic properties. Being fabricated by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE), due to thermal instability at elevated temperatures, the material contains a high density of various defects compensating Mn acceptors. It is a well-established fact that the ferromagnetic state of (GaMn)As can be stabilized via post growth annealing. Nevertheless, in general, the annealed (GaMn)As layers do not remain useful for further epitaxial overgrowth that might be included in multilayer structure. We present a summary of our investigations regarding the synchrotron-based characterization of (GaMn)As layers grown via molecular beam epitaxy carried out at the Swedish National Facility of Synchrotron Radiation-the MAX-lab aiming at the reduction of the density of Mn interstitial and increase in the content of Mn.
Effect of Low Temperature Aging on Internal Friction of AA2024
Authors: Risanti D.D. , van der Zwaag Sybrand
Published: February 2012

The anelastic behavior of AA2024 alloy is studied in the temperature range between room temperature and 325 °C. The internal friction technique is shown to be very sensitive to the microstructural changes that take place at these temperatures. Interrupted aging performed at low temperature induces increase in the peak height at ~230 °C indicating the slow release of vacancies aiding the aggregation of Mg and Cu which further transforms into semicoherent precipitates. Stretched specimens indicate increase in background which is attributed to anelastic or viscoelastic of dislocations. TDIF of T6I4 samples is strongly affected to the point of deformation, whilst TDIF of T6I6 samples is affected by the deformation but irrespective to the point of deformation.
Research on Corrosion Resistance of the GTAW Joint of Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Tian Gang , Yang Mei , Zeng De Zhi , Lin Yuan Hua , Zhu Da Jiang , Liu Fei
Published: February 2012

In order to study welding performances of duplex stainless steel, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was adopted to butt-weld the S31803 tube whose wall thickness is 18.26mm. Metallographic structures of the weld, base metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) were also analyzed. Crevice corrosion resistance of the GTAW joint in 6%FeC13 + 0.05mol/L HCl solution in different temperatures had been tested according to ASTM G48. The results showed that with rising of temperature the average rate of crevice corrosion increased but the growth of corrosion rate slowed when the temperature reached a certain degree. There was corrosion groove in submarginal area of the crevice and the area near HAZ of the groove was much deeper. The results provided a reference to welding technology of S31803 DSS and also provided experiment resources for research on welding of the DSS.
Comparison of Oscillography Impact Properties between a New Type Drilling Collar Steel and 4145H
Authors: Liu Fei , Zeng De Zhi , Fu Jian Hong , Li Xiao Ming , Lv Fu Zhi , Tu Jun Jun
Published: February 2012

Average impact energy of 4145H steel and X new type drilling collar steel satisfied the standard of “SYT5144-2007 Drilling collar” and “API SPEC7”. With temperature getting down, impact energy of 4145H steel decreased, impact energy Cof X drilling collar steel is a lot higher than 4145H steel, crack propagation energy and crack propagation energy/impact energy ratio decreased. Lower temperature leads to higher crack propagation rate. The crack propagation energy of 4145H is lower than X drilling collar steel. The crack propagation energy/impact energy ratios of X drilling collar steel are at least 3% higher than 4145H for different temperature. In drilling, crack growth rate in X DC was slower than 4145H DC, crack growth rate was fast, and the DC was easy to fracture in low temperature