bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineral dust impacts on regional precipitation and summer circulation in East Asia using a regional coupled climate system model
Authors: Guo Jun , Yin Yan
Published: September 2015

The climatic impacts of dust on East Asian precipitation, summer monsoon, and sea surface temperature (SST) were investigated by a regional coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐land model. The regional and annual mean dust clear‐sky (all‐sky) direct radiative forcings were predicted to be −6.65 W m−2 (−1.78 W m−2) at the surface and 3.79 W m−2 (8.65 W m−2) at the top of atmosphere. The climatic effects of dust include a cooling effect below 700 hPa and a warming effect above, leading to more stabilized lower troposphere and anomalously cyclonic wind over Japan and surrounding oceans. Sensitivity tests show that the “surface cooling” effect by dust could reduce evaporation over land and enhance stability of the lower atmosphere, leading to reduced vapor content and precipitation in China in the spring. However, the upward movements by the “elevated heat pump” effect of dust over northern China or by the atmospheric convergence over southern China, and the downward movement by the secondary circulation over central China, along with the enhanced evaporation and the weakened lapse rate over Chinese continent, lead to increased precipitation in downwind areas of dust source regions and southern China and to decreased precipitation in central China in summer. Results from this simulation also show that dust aerosol tends to weaken the East Asia summer monsoon by reducing the land‐sea‐temperature contrast. In addition, dust could also perturb SST by the local net heat flux rebalance as well as the northward heat transport from surrounding oceans. The anomalous northward surface wind contributes even larger on SST in June, July, and August.
Observational evidence of summer precipitation deficit‐temperature coupling in China
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Xiao Mingzhong , Singh Vijay P. , Liu Lin , Xu Chong‐Yu
Published: September 2015

Partition of the energy between sensible heat and latent heat indicates that surface temperatures are affected by soil moisture deficits. Since transpiration by plants is the largest contributor to the land's total latent heat, the coupling of temperature and soil moisture will depend on the response of vegetation to soil moisture deficit and those are influenced by the soil moisture regimes. Utilizing daily precipitation and temperature data from China for a period of 1961–2010, this study computes average annual climatic water balance (AACWB) for defining soil moisture regimes and then quantitatively investigates the summer soil moisture‐temperature coupling. With precipitation deficits (indicated by standardized precipitation index with the selected optimal timescale of 3 months) as proxy of soil moisture deficits, results indicate that the relationship between summer precipitation deficits and hot extremes tends to be enhanced when the negative AACWB draws closer toward zero while tends to be weakened with the increase of positive AACWB. For the region with the negative AACWB closing zero, the enhanced relationship should be attributed to the increase of the proportion of latent heat compared to the absorbed total energy. However, the weakened relationship with the increase of positive AACWB may be owing to the different responses of vegetation to precipitation deficit that the transpiration in the region with lower positive AACWB is less when responding to precipitation deficit. However, the physiological mechanisms behind vegetation response to soil moisture deficits still need to be further analyzed. By quantifying relevant biological and hydrological processes and their interaction, it is expected that the uncertainties in future climate scenarios be reduced, which would then allow the development of early warning and adaptation measures prior to the occurrence of hot extremes. Further, the summer precipitation deficit‐temperature coupling is strongest along the strip stretching from southwest to northeast in China.
Effect of spatial sampling from European flux towers for estimating carbon and water fluxes with artificial neural networks
Authors: Papale Dario , Black T. Andrew , Carvalhais Nuno , Cescatti Alessandro , Chen Jiquan , Jung Martin , Kiely Gerard , Lasslop Gitta , Mahecha Miguel D. , Margolis Hank , Merbold Lutz , Montagnani Leonardo , Moors Eddy , Olesen Jørgen E. , Reichstein Markus , Tramontana Gianluca , van Gorsel Eva , Wohlfahrt Georg , Ráduly Botond
Published: September 2015

Empirical modeling approaches are frequently used to upscale local eddy covariance observations of carbon, water, and energy fluxes to regional and global scales. The predictive capacity of such models largely depends on the data used for parameterization and identification of input‐output relationships, while prediction for conditions outside the training domain is generally uncertain. In this work, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used for the prediction of gross primary production (GPP) and latent heat flux (LE) on local and European scales with the aim to assess the portion of uncertainties in extrapolation due to sample selection. ANNs were found to be a useful tool for GPP and LE prediction, in particular for extrapolation in time (mean absolute error MAE for GPP between 0.53 and 1.56 gC m−2 d−1). Extrapolation in space in similar climatic and vegetation conditions also gave good results (GPP MAE 0.7–1.41 gC m−2 d−1), while extrapolation in areas with different seasonal cycles and controlling factors (e.g., the tropical regions) showed noticeably higher errors (GPP MAE 0.8–2.09 gC m−2 d−1). The distribution and the number of sites used for ANN training had a remarkable effect on prediction uncertainty in both, regional GPP and LE budgets and their interannual variability. Results obtained show that for ANN upscaling for continents with relatively small networks of sites, the error due to the sampling can be large and needs to be considered and quantified. The analysis of the spatial variability of the uncertainty helped to identify the meteorological drivers driving the uncertainty.
Selective internal radiation therapy for liver malignancies
Authors: Moir J A G , Burns J , Barnes J , Colgan F , White S A , Littler P , Manas D M , French J J
Published: September 2015

Background

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a non-ablative technique for the treatment of liver primaries and metastases, with the intention of reducing tumour bulk. This study aimed to determine optimal patient selection, and elucidate its role as a downsizing modality.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively on patients who underwent SIRT between 2011 and 2014. The procedure was performed percutaneously by an expert radiologist. Response was analysed in two categories, based on radiological (CT/MRI according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST)) and biological (α-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, chromogranin A) parameters.

Results

Forty-four patients were included. Liver metastases from colorectal cancer (22 patients) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (9) were the most common pathologies. Radiological response data were collected from 31 patients. A reduction in sum of diameters (SOD) was observed in patients with HCC (median −24·1 (95 per cent c.i. –43·4 to −3·8) per cent) and neuroendocrine tumours (−30·0 (−45·6 to −7·7) per cent), whereas a slight increase in SOD was seen in patients with colorectal cancer (4·9 (−10·6 to 55·3) per cent). Biological response was assessed in 17 patients, with a reduction in 12, a mixed response in two and no improvement in three. Six- and 12-month overall survival rates were 71 and 41 per cent respectively. There was no difference in overall survival between the RECIST response groups (median survival 375, 290 and 214 days for patients with a partial response, stable disease and progressive disease respectively; P = 0·130), or according to primary pathology (P = 0·063). Seven patients underwent liver resection with variable responses after SIRT.

Conclusion

SIRT may be used to downsize tumours and may be used as a bridge to surgery in patients with tumours deemed borderline for resection.
Absolute Configuration Determination of Azulenyl Diols Isolated From Asymmetric Pinacol Coupling
Authors: Dragu Eugenia Andreea , Naubron Jean‐Valere , Hanganu Anamaria , Razus Alexandru C. , Nica Simona
Published: September 2015

A convenient enantioselective approach for the pinacol coupling of 1‐acetylazulene involving easily accessible (R)‐ or (S)‐BINOLs as chiral additive is reported. This supposes the preformation of the chiral titanium–BINOL complex in 1:2 ratio and subsequent reduction with zinc when, 2,3‐di(azulen‐1‐yl)butane‐2,3‐diol can be isolated in around 60% enantiomeric excess. The absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by comparison of the experimental and Boltzmann‐weighted calculated VCD and ECD spectra and assigned as (+)‐(2S;3S)‐di(azulen‐1‐yl)butane‐2,3‐diol. Chirality 27:826–834, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards Ruthenium‐Based Building Blocks for CuAAC Click Reactions: Challenges in Generating Ruthenium(II) Poly­pyridine Alkynes
Authors: Zabarska Natalia , Sorsche Dieter , Heinemann Frank W. , Glump Susanne , Rau Sven
Published: September 2015

Ag+‐free complexation of alkyne‐bipyridines at ruthenium(II) polypyridine centers proceeds with surprisingly low yields. The alkyne‐bipyridine‐substituted ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes in this work were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. A detailed analysis of the side products revealed an unexpected carbon–carbon alkyne bond splitting promoted by the ruthenium(II) center, leading to the formation of a CO–RuII species, methyl‐bipyridine, and a methyl‐bipyridine‐substituted ruthenium(II) complex accompanying the target product. The side products were characterized using complimentary methods including X‐ray crystallography. A possible mechanism is suggested based on these side products and exemplary reaction studies.
Not “just words”: Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men
Authors: Fasoli Fabio , Paladino Maria Paola , Carnaghi Andrea , Jetten Jolanda , Bastian Brock , Bain Paul G.
Published: September 2015

We examined whether homophobic epithets (e.g., faggot) function as labels of deviance for homosexuals that contribute to their dehumanization and physical distance. Across two studies, participants were supraliminally (Study 1) and subliminally (Study 2) exposed to a homophobic epithet, a category label, or a generic insult. Participants were then asked to associate human‐related and animal‐related words to homosexuals and heterosexuals. Results showed that after exposure to a homophobic epithet, compared with a category label or a generic insult, participants associated less human‐related words with homosexuals, indicating dehumanization. In Study 2, we also assessed the effect of a homophobic epithet on physical distance from a target group member and found that homophobic epithets led to greater physical distancing of a gay man. These findings indicate that homophobic epithets foster dehumanization and avoidance of gay people, in ways that other insults or labels do not.
Evaluation of the Deacetylation Degree of Chitosan with Two‐Abrupt‐Change Coulometric Titration
Authors: Wang Chao , Yuan Fang , Jin Ling , Du Xiaodi , Cai Hongwei
Published: September 2015

The two‐abrupt‐change coulometric titration was proposed for the analysis of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. The potential was indicated by an antimony electrode which could sensitively response to the variation of activity of hydrogen ion in the turbid and viscous chitosan solution. Through this new approach, the deficiency of combination pH glass electrode in that medium is successfully overcome. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was obtained by the difference of electrolysis time between two inflection points in the electrolysis process. The measurement error, which is caused by the residual acid or alkali in the chitosan, could be eliminated. The degree of deacetylation of four chitosan samples were investigated by this new method, which found to be consist with those determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The standard deviations were found to be lower than 0.60 % and the whole experimental process can be completed within 15 min. With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, accuracy, the proposed new method would possess extensive practicability in scientific research and industrial production.
Design, operation, and performance evaluation of a cable‐drawn dual‐axis solar tracker compared to a fixed‐tilted system
Authors: Lo Summer , Cheng Fritz , Chang Vincent , Liu William Der‐Jenq , Chang Leo , Adurodija Ojo F. , Chou ErhNan , Lung Curtis , Liu Jeff , Lu Tim , Su Jeffery , Cheng Eve
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the design, operation, and performance evaluation of a unique cable‐operated 6.24 kWp commercial‐size solar tracking system called iPV dual‐axis tracker or iPV DAT with a position detector to gain the maximum power from the sunlight. Compared with other solar tracking systems, low cost, simplified hardware structure, and controlling algorithm are the advantages of this system. The operating method of the 6.24 kWp iPV DAT follow a simple pull and release of the steel cables connecting the corners of the PV module frame to the electric motors and directed by an electronic control system. The steel cables attached to the corners of the module frame also provide an extra stability in the event of high wind of up to 220 km/h. The accuracy of the tracking effect is managed by an astronomical algorithm that enables a full 360° azimuth rotation and altitude tilt of −40° to 40° (0 = horizontal). The controller algorithm also includes backtracking capability that allows optimization of ground cover ratio. Performance evaluation of the iPV DAT installed and operated in Taiwan for 12 months is compared with a fixed‐tilt PV system. An average electricity gain of 30.1% and performance ratio of 93% are realized using iPV DAT.
An old solution to a new problem? Hydrogen generation by the reaction of ferrosilicon with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions
Authors: Brack Paul , Dann Sandie E. , Wijayantha K. G. Upul , Adcock Paul , Foster Simon
Published: September 2015

The chemical hydrogen storage properties of ferrosilicon were investigated. A hydrogen yield of ~4.75 wt.% (with respect to the mass of ferrosilicon) was estimated by the reaction of varying quantities of ferrosilicon with 5 mL of 40 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction of ferrosilicon with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form hydrogen was found to have an activation energy of 90.5 kJ mol−1 by means of an Arrhenius plot. It was observed that the induction period of the hydrogen generation reaction varies exponentially with temperature. Although this combination of high activation energy and a lengthy induction period at low temperatures reduces the attractiveness of ferrosilicon for portable hydrogen storage applications unless methods can be developed to accelerate the onset and rate of hydrogen generation, its low cost and widespread availability make it attractive for further studies focused on higher temperature stationary applications.
Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer during Absorption of Hydrogen in Metal Hydride Tank
Authors: Rabienataj Darzi A.A , Hassanzadeh Afrouzi H. , Alizadeh Ebrahim , Shokri Vahid , Farhadi Mousa
Published: September 2015

The present study is concerned with cooling a metal hydride tank during the charging process by using a water jacket and fins. Results indicate that the effect of the water jacket becomes more significant over time. Variation of the Reynolds number has no influence on the charging time in the turbulent regime while changing the flow regime from laminar to turbulent improves the results slightly. Furthermore, adding fins on the cooling jacket enhances the heat transfer significantly through better removal of the heat from the central region of the metal bed. Hence, the charging time was significantly reduced.
Estimating Drainage Periods for Agricultural Fields from Measured Data: Data‐Mining Methodology and a Case Study (La JailliÈRe, France)
Authors: Trajanov Aneta , Kuzmanovski Vladimir , Leprince Florence , Real Benoit , Dutertre Alain , Maillet‐Mezeray Julie , Džeroski Sašo , Debeljak Marko
Published: September 2015

The identification of intensive drainage periods is important for determining mitigation strategies for protecting water against pollution with plant protection products (PPPs). Most attempts to estimate the start, duration and the end of a drainage period are based either on mechanistic modelling approaches or on empirical knowledge about tile drainage. Mechanistic modelling requires many parameters, while the empirical approach does not allow for making the simulations and predictions needed for proposing reliable mitigation measures. In order to complement these two approaches, we have used a data‐mining approach on data from 25 (1987–2011) agricultural seasons (campaigns) from the experimental station La Jaillière, France. The models for estimating the start and the end of the intensive drainage period for a particular campaign have the form of decision trees and tell us which factors influence these dates the most. The start of a drainage period depends mostly on the cumulative drainage and the cumulative rainfall since the beginning of the campaign and the average air temperature of the last 7 days. For estimating the end of a drainage period, the most important variables are the cumulative rainfall of the last 7 days and the average air temperature of the following 7 days. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of CCN2 in Amino Acid Metabolism of Chondrocytes
Authors: Murase Yurika , Hattori Takako , Aoyama Eriko , Nishida Takashi , Maeda‐Uematsu Aya , Kawaki Harumi , Lyons Karen M. , Sasaki Akira , Takigawa Masaharu , Kubota Satoshi
Published: September 2015

CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a multi‐functional molecule that promotes harmonized development and regeneration of cartilage through its matricellular interaction with a variety of extracellular biomolecules. Thus, deficiency in CCN2 supply profoundly affects a variety of cellular activities including basic metabolism. A previous study showed that the expression of a number of ribosomal protein genes was markedly enhanced inCcn2‐null chondrocytes. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the impact of CCN2 on amino acid and protein metabolism in chondrocytes. Comparative metabolome analysis of the amino acids inCcn2‐null and wild‐type mouse chondrocytes revealed stable decreases in the cellular levels of all of the essential amino acids. Unexpectedly, uptake of such amino acids was rather enhanced inCcn2‐null chondrocytes, and the addition of exogenous CCN2 to human chondrocytic cells resulted in decreased amino acid uptake. However, as expected, amino acid consumption by protein synthesis was also accelerated inCcn2‐null chondrocytes. Furthermore, we newly found that expression of two genes encoding two glycolytic enzymes, as well as the previously reportedEno1gene, was repressed in those cells. Considering the impaired glycolysis and retained mitochondrial membrane potential inCcn2‐null chondrocytes, these findings suggest thatCcn2deficiency induces amino acid shortage in chondrocytes by accelerated amino acid consumption through protein synthesis and acquisition of aerobic energy. Interestingly, CCN2 was found to capture such free amino acids in vitro. Under physiological conditions, CCN2 may be regulating the levels of free amino acids in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 927–937, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Thieno[2,3‐c]pyrazole Hydrazide Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Mahajan Pravin S. , Nikam Mukesh D. , Chate Asha V. , Bobade Anil S. , Gill Charansingh H.
Published: September 2015

In search of new antimicrobial agents with enhanced potency, we have designed and synthesized three series of hydrazones with 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐5‐carbohydrazide. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities by employing broth microdilution method. It is observed that compounds are more susceptible to Vibrio cholerae than other tested strains. In particular, compounds (3a), (3c), (5g), and (5 h) are highly potent against bacterial strain V. cholerae. The results suggest that hydrazones bearing two core pyrazole scaffolds would be potent antimicrobial agents.
The relation between circulation types and regional Alpine climate. Part II: the dependence of the predictive skill on the vertical level of the classification for Trentino
Authors: Panziera L. , Giovannini L. , Laiti L. , Zardi D.
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the effect of varying the vertical level of a synoptic circulation classification on its predictive skill with respect to surface temperature, rainfall, solar radiation and wind in Trentino, a mountainous region in the South‐Eastern Alps. A synoptic climatology based on the same data set and classification method presented in part I of the present article, in fact, showed that seasonal anomalies of mean daily temperature, daily rainfall, daily solar irradiation and mean daily wind intensity vary not only among weather types and seasons but also within the same type and season for different vertical levels. This analysis quantifies the ability of the method to classify synoptic circulation in classes associated with distributions of atmospheric variables different from climatology and to identify the occurrence of extreme events. The statistical metrics presented in the article demonstrate that the differences in predictive skill between classifications applied to distinct levels are comparable in magnitude to those between different atmospheric variables and seasons for the same level. The level of 500 hPa generally provides the largest predictive skill with respect to total daily rainfall, daily solar irradiation and daily temperature range in all seasons. On the other hand, the largest skill with respect to wind intensity is found for sea level pressure and 850 hPa circulation types. Large seasonal variations are also evident, with the colder seasons providing the largest predictive skill. Combinations of circulation types derived at two vertical levels increase the skill, although an optimal combination of levels could not be found even for the same atmospheric variable and season.
Optical performance characterization of flexible mobile displays
Authors: Kimmel Jyrki
Published: September 2015

The high interest in the display industry to produce curved or flexible displays for mobile, wearable, and television markets has raised concerns on the performance of displays in their bent state. Flexible display technologies have been developed for this purpose, but their optical characteristics have not been previously reported at various degrees of curvature. The measurement of flexible displays is possible only with special measurement arrangements using common display characterization devices. A conoscope with a working distance of 15 mm was used to demonstrate the curvature dependence of luminance, viewing angle, and color coordinates of the white point of a flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting display. The results show that the effect of curvature on the optical characteristics of the display is most evident at the smallest measured bending radii of +/−50 mm and that the effects are most visible when viewing the bent ends of the display, from the central normal vantage point, with uniform curvature along the display.
Development and application of a gas chromatography method for simultaneously measuring H2 and CH4 in hydrothermal plume samples
Authors: Wang Hu , Zhou Huaiyang , Yang Qunhui , Lilley Marvin D. , Wu Jialin , Ji Fuwu
Published: September 2015

A robust, simple and efficient gas chromatography (GC) method is presented for determining H2 and CH4 concentrations simultaneously in water samples. The GC system consists of one detector (pulsed discharge helium ionization detector—PDHID), two columns in two ovens, respectively, and two 2‐position‐6‐port purge valves. In this method, H2 and CH4 in water samples were first extracted into the headspace of syringes, then injected into the GC system. Both H2 and CH4 were detected by a PDHID. The separation of CH4 from O2 and N2 in seawater is achieved by switching the O2 and N2 out of the carrier gas flow at the appropriate time window. H2 and CH4 concentrations in water samples collected from hydrothermal plumes at the Southwest Indian Ridge were determined successfully using this method.
Vascularized axillary lymph node transfer: A novel model in the rat
Authors: Kwiecien Grzegorz J. , Uygur Safak , Korn Jason , Gharb Bahar Bassiri , Madajka Maria , Djohan Risal , Zins James E. , Schwarz Graham S.
Published: September 2015

Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is a promising microvascular free flap technique for the surgical treatment of lymphedema. To date, few experimental animal models for VLNT have been described and the viability of lymph nodes after the transfer tested. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of axillary VLNT in the rat. Lymph node containing flaps were harvested from the axillary region in 10 Lewis rats based on the axillary vessels. Flaps were transferred to the ipsilateral groin and end‐to‐side microanastomosis was performed to the femoral vessels using 10‐0 sutures. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography was used to confirm flap perfusion. On postoperative day 7, flaps were elevated to assess their structure and vessel patency. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to confirm the presence and survival of lymph nodes. All animals tolerated the procedure well. Immediate post‐procedure ICG angiography confirmed flap perfusion. No signs of ischemia or necrosis were observed in donor extremities. At postoperative day 7, all flaps remained viable with patent vascular pedicles. Gross examination and histology confirmed the presence of 3.6 ± 0.5 lymph nodes in each flap without any signs of necrosis. This study showed that the transfer of axillary lymph nodes based on the axillary vessels is feasible. The flap can be used without the need for donor animals and it contains a consistent number of lymph nodes. This reliable VLNT can be further utilized in studies involving lymphedema, transplantation, and induction of immunologic tolerance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:662–667, 2015.
Paraumbilical perforator flap for reconstruction of the external auditory meatus: A case report
Authors: Lassus Patrik , De Leo Anna , Moussa Islam Hazem , Lindford Andrew
Published: September 2015

We herein present a technique of using the umbilical stalk for reconstruction of the external auditory meatus. A 49‐year‐old female presented with locally aggressive melanoma affecting her mastoid region. She underwent radical excision including the skin and soft tissues around the external ear with simultaneous lymph node clearance. The resultant defect measured 15 cm × 8 cm in diameter and was 2.5 cm deep. This was reconstructed with a similarly sized microvascular paraumbilical perforator flap that included the umbilical stalk. In the post‐operative course there was complete flap survival but a prolonged wound dehiscence near the auditory meatus that required revision surgery. At 15‐months follow‐up, the patient was melanoma‐free and the auditory meatus was patent. Hearing was also preserved. The umbilical stalk is one of the few skin covered tubed structures in the human body that may be used without major donor morbidity to “replace like with like,” the auditory channel. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:573–575, 2015.
A spatial epidemic model for disease spread over a heterogeneous spatial support
Authors: Porter Aaron T. , Oleson Jacob J.
Published: September 2015

Data from the Iowa mumps epidemic of 2006 were collected on a spatial lattice over a regular temporal interval. Without access to a person‐to‐person contact graph, it is sensible to analyze these data as homogenous within each areal unit and to use the spatial graph to derive a contact structure. The spatio‐temporal partition is fine, and the counts of new infections at each location at each time are sparse. Therefore, we propose a spatial compartmental epidemic model with general latent time distributions (spatial PS SEIR) that is capable of smoothing the contact structure, while accounting for spatial heterogeneity in the mixing process between locations. Because the model is an extension of the PS SEIR model, it simultaneously handles non‐exponentially distributed latent and infectious time distributions. The analysis within focuses on the progression of the disease over both space and time while assessing the impact of a large proportion of the infected people dispersing at the same time because of spring break and the impact of public awareness on the spread of the mumps epidemic. We found that the effect of spring break increased the mixing rate in the population and that the spatial transmission of the disease spreads across multiple conduits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Une justice plus commerciale qu’industrielle ? Comparaison des attentes d’une « bonne justice » en Suisse
Authors: De Santis Lorenzo Gennaro
Published: September 2015

Le but de cet article est triple. D’abord, nous identifions les qualités d’une bonne justice en Suisse, telles que définies par les différents acteurs qui forment le tribunal au sens large (juges, gestionnaires de tribunaux, avocats, journalistes, politiciens). Deuxièmement, nous vérifions si ces qualités peuvent coexister avec les valeurs véhiculées par le monde managérial (NGP). Enfin, nous évaluons la manière dont elles cohabitent (hybridation, dominance des unes sur les autres, etc.). Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé une série d’entretiens (56) semi-structurés menés dans des tribunaux de première et seconde instance dans des cours civiles, administratives et criminelles, dans les trois régions linguistiques du pays. Les résultats montrent que les groupes d’acteurs interviewés ont des attentes relativement similaires et qu’elles ne semblent pas être incompatibles avec celles de l’univers managérial. Cependant, lorsqu’ils décrivent la bonne justice, les participants font plus souvent appel à des notions liées au monde commercial qu’au monde industriel contrairement à d’autres études menées auprès d’employés du secteur public suisse, mais dans la lignée de ceux du Québec. L’article ouvre la voie à des recherches ultérieures dont l’objectif sera de tester ces conclusions.
Notes from Libya
Authors: Bennett Paul , Graham Pauline
Published: September 2015

‘Notes from Libya’ is a new regular feature of Libyan Studies and follows the reports of the Society's Head of Mission, as well as updates on the business environment from Pauline Graham. These reports were previously concerned with the organisation of fieldwork and administrative matters connected to obtaining permissions, visas, and so on, and were recorded in the minutes of the Council meetings. However, they have recently taken on a new form, outlining the alarming developments in Libya, largely focusing on its heritage but also on the political and economic situations which impact on the management of Libya's ancient monuments and artefacts. The importance and historical interest of these reports now, however, merit a wider audience and a more formal record, so these accounts will now be published in Libyan Studies.
High serum carotenoids associated with lower risk for the metabolic syndrome and its components among Japanese subjects: Mikkabi cohort study
Authors: Sugiura Minoru , Nakamura Mieko , Ogawa Kazunori , Ikoma Yoshinori , Yano Masamichi
Published: September 2015

Recent epidemiological studies show the association of carotenoids with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk of developing the MetS and its components in Japanese subjects. We conducted a follow-up study on 1073 men and women aged 30–79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in the baseline and completed follow-up surveys were examined longitudinally. Over the 10-year period, 910 subjects (295 men and 615 women) took part in the follow-up survey at least once. Over a mean follow-up period of 7·8 (sd 2·9) years, thirty-six men and thirty-one women developed new MetS. After adjustments for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for the MetS in the highest tertile of serum β-carotene against the lowest tertile was 0·47 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·95). On the other hand, significantly lower risks for dyslipidaemia were observed in the highest tertiles of serum α- and β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96; HR, 0·54; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·79; and HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·99, respectively). Other significant associations between the risks for obesity, high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia with serum carotenoids were not observed. Our results further support the hypothesis that eating a diet rich in carotenoids might help prevent the development of the MetS and its complications in Japanese subjects.
Performing selves: The trope of authenticity and Robert Wilson's stage production ofI La Galigo
Authors: Davies Sharyn Graham
Published: September 2015

In 2010, La Galigo, a Bugis mythological epic describing the founding of the human world, was included in UNESCO's Memory of the World register. This accolade again brought La Galigo into the international spotlight, as had occurred when Robert Wilson's stage playI La Galigo, based on this epic, debuted in Singapore in 2004. Wilson's production received acclaim and critique, with reviews primarily focusing on his ability to achieve an authentic representation of Bugis identity and their past. These responses raise questions around the presupposition that there is an authentic Bugis identity and past that can be publicly recreated. This article analyses the concept of authenticity through reviews of Wilson's production and the work of key theorists to show that for many people, authenticity is achievable and of critical importance in underpinning any sense of a unified and singular ethnic identity, while for others, identity is always already a mix of different global influences and as such is either irrelevant, or liberated from a sense of a singular heritage.
Dancing architecture at Angkor: ‘Halls with dancers’ in Jayavarman VII's temples
Authors: Chemburkar Swati
Published: September 2015

The spiritual power of dance in Cambodia has been valued since pre-Angkorian times, and the plentiful images of dance and music in the bas-reliefs of the great monuments of Angkor suggest that this tradition was markedly enhanced in the reign of Jayavarman VII, as a contemporary Chinese report attests. This article explores the ‘halls with dancers’ of the Ta Prohm, Preah Khan and Bayon temples built by king Jayavarman VII and concludes that here dance became a determinant in some Khmer sacred architecture.
Coming of age? Asian Arctic research, 2004–2013
Authors: Stensdal Iselin
Published: September 2015

This article surveys ten years of Asian involvement with Arctic research, from 2004 to 2013. The Asian countries have consolidated their Arctic research efforts, with publication output, funding and infrastructure showing a marked increase from 2008. Most of this research is in the natural sciences and relates to climate change, but there is also an emerging branch of social science studies. National polar institutes play important roles as links between the science communities and governments. Asian polar research still focuses more on Antarctica than the Arctic. As to the relationship between research and policies, there is little evidence that the Asian governments have aspirations of gaining political influence through their Arctic research.
Is There a Role for Assent or Dissent in Animal Research?
Authors: KANTIN HOLLY , WENDLER DAVID
Published: September 2015

Current regulations and widely accepted principles for animal research focus on minimizing the burdens and harms of research on animals. However, these regulations and principles do not consider a possible role for assent or dissent in animal research. Should investigators solicit the assent or respect the dissent of animals who are used in research, and, if so, under what circumstances? In this article we pursue this question and outline the relevant issues that bear on the answer. We distinguish two general reasons for respecting the preferences of research participants regarding whether they participate in research—welfare-based reasons and agency-based reasons. We argue that there are welfare-based reasons for researchers to consider, and in some cases respect, the dissent of all animals used in research. After providing a brief account of the nature of agency-based reasons, we argue that there is good reason to think that these reasons apply to at least chimpanzees. We argue that there is an additional reason for researchers to respect the dissent—and, when possible, solicit the assent—of any animal to whom agency-based reasons apply.
Figuring out the Anguipede (‘snake-legged god’) and his relation to Judaism
Authors: Nagy Árpád M.
Published: September 2015

So-called magical gems constitute an especially rich body of material evidence for magic and religion in the Roman Empire. They differ from the ordinary run of gems in three respects: in their selection of iconographic types, normally divine images of one sort or another; by their use of magic words and occasionally longer texts, primarily in Greek script; and by their use of magic signs, usually called characteres. At least one of these three elements must be present for a gem to be identifiable as magical. These “Zaubergemmen” form the most easily distinguishable sub-group of the wider class of amuletic gems, that is, engraved stones of talismanic function. The majority of the iconographic schemes appearing on magical gems adhere closely to the classical Graeco-Roman and Egyptian traditions. Others, however, are unique to this class of gems: rare even on other magical objects, they are practically unknown outside this sphere in the whole variety of ancient art.
The divinatory kit from Pergamon and Greek magic in late antiquity
Authors: Mastrocinque Attilio
Published: September 2015

Divination was one of the most important features of the learned magical arts in the Imperial period. Not only do the Graeco-Egyptian ‘magical papyri’ contain an abundance of recipes which claim to enable the practitioner to know the future, but several ancient authors attest that divination was of special interest to occultists. Recent scholarship has indeed recognised the importance of divination in ritual-magical practice, but the relevant archaeological evidence has not been much discussed since the publication of the second volume of Th. Hopfner'sGriechisch-ägyptischer Offenbarungszauberin 1924. The major new evidence here has been the Near-Eastern divination- and incantation-bowls. The present article, however, is concerned with the possible implications of a much older find, the divination kit from Pergamon, and its recently-discovered analogue from Apamea in Syria, for the study of specifically theurgic divination. The rôle of magical ritual within theurgy has received considerable attention in recent years, but the relevance of the divination kits has not hitherto been noticed. I shall argue that the physical instruments employed in theurgic divination help us to understand several features of theurgic practice. I shall also stress the possible contribution of magical gems in the same context, for in them we can recognise images and attributes of divine beings with whom magicians and theurgists identified themselves during their performances.
Another Alexander mosaic: reconstructing the Hunt mosaic from Palermo
Authors: Wootton William
Published: September 2015

In 1904, a mosaic representing a hunt scene was found in House B in the Piazza della Vittoria in the centre of modern Palermo. The results of the excavations were published in 1921 by E. Gabriel. In 1931 H. Fuhrmann included an analysis and reconstruction of the mosaic in his book on the painter Philoxenos of Eretria. Work on both the context of the house and the mosaic has continued, confirming that House B was a richly-decorated Hellenistic house situated close to the E wall of the old town of Panormus. In this article I will re-assess Fuhrmann's reconstruction and subsequent interpretations. After describing the mosaic in detail, I will present and explain a new reconstruction.

The Hunt mosaic was found set centrally in a large room (r) to the north of the peristyle (figs. 1 and 6). The main picture of the mosaic (205 × 174 cm) is framed by two bands, the inner black and the outer white. An intricate floral border comes next, then a band of white tesserae set at a 45° angle, and an outer frame consisting of two parallel black bands with a white one running through the middle. An adjusting border of white tesserae, also set at a 45° angle, runs up to the base of the walls.
Forum Novum–Vescovio: Studying urbanism in the Tiber valley
Authors: Gaffney Vince , Patterson Helen , Roberts Paul , Barratt G. , Bradley A. , Clarke W. , Goodman D. , Harlow M. , Nishimura Y. , Piro S. , Sudds B. , Watters M.
Published: September 2015

The Roman town of Forum Novum lies in the Sabine hills to the northeast of Rome. Its study forms part of the British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project, a collaborative research initiative which studies the Tiber valley as the hinterland of Rome, tracing the impact of Rome's development on the history of its settlement, economy, and cultural identity from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1300 (Patterson and Millett 1999; Pattersonet al.2000) (fig. 1). The project draws on the extensive work carried out in this area to produce a new, material-based history of the valley. While the project seeks to re-evaluate past survey material, a vital contrast is provided by the development of new field projects to fill the gaps in settlement knowledge. Three main lacunae have been identified: the study of urban centres; the dearth of data from the E bank of the Tiber; and the poor understanding of the late-antique and early Mediaeval landscape. Forum Novum offers an opportunity to address all these lacunae.

Urbanism forms a key research theme for the Tiber Valley Project. In marked contrast to the intensity of archaeological work on rural settlement in this area, there has been little systematic research on towns. Study has tended to concentrate on the excavation of monumental structures or, more rarely, the investigation of single and exceptional towns such as Ostia and Rome itself. Surprisingly little is known of the organization of the smaller towns and knowledge of their history is based largely on the epigraphic and documentary evidence.
The temple of the imperial cult (Augusteum) at Narona and its statues: interim report
Authors: Marin Emilio
Published: September 2015

Ancient Narona (the modern village of Vid, near Metković in Croatia; figs, 1a-b) was an important Roman colony in the valley of the river Neretva/Naron (Greek)/Naro (Latin) near the E coast of the Adriatic. The first mention of the place comes from Pseudo-Scylax and Theopompus in the 4th c. B.C. By the mid 2nd c. B.C. there was an emporium located at the top of the river delta, on the same spot where the forum of the colonia would be built in the last decades of the 1st c. B.C. That location was of strategic importance for communication between the Adriatic and the interior as far inland as the Sava and Danube rivers, and from the Late Republican period Narona connected the coast with the interior (the areas of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina) (fig. 2).
L'obélisque du cirque d'Arles
Authors: Charron A. , Heijmans M.
Published: September 2015

L'obélisque d'Arles est mentionné pour la première fois en 1389, au sud de la ville, au-delà des murs, sur l'emplacement du cirque romain dont il ornait la spina. Il fut redécouvert en 1565 et était alors scindé en deux grands fragments de 4,60 m pour la partie supérieure et de 10,80 m pour la base, et une pointe, signalée au XVIe s. dans le couvent des religieuses de Saint-Césaire, qui n'a malheureusement jamais été retrouvée. Depuis son érection entre les 20 et 26 mars 1676 devant l'Hôtel de Ville pour la plus grande gloire de Louis XIV (fig. 1), il fut l'objet d'un vif débat quant à l'origine de la roche le composant. L'attribution à une carrière varoise et plus particulièrement de l'Esterel qui fut longtemps retenue, est désormais à écarter. On dispose actuellement d'indications quant à une possible provenance orientale, bien que non égyptienne. Cette nouvelle identification permet de reprendre le dossier de l'obélisque et de proposer une date pour son installation.

Pour L. Lazzarini, la pierre serait une quartzo-monzonite provenant d'une carrière située près d'Alexandrie de Troade (Turquie) qui n'a commencé à exporter qu'à partir du IIe s. et qui connut son apogée durant l'Antiquité tardive. On peut donc supposer que la mise en place de cet obélisque au milieu du cirque remonte vraisemblablement à cette dernière période et l'obélisque arlésien serait alors l'un des rares monolithes d'origine orientale, sinon le seul, installé pendant l'Antiquité en Occident en dehors de tous ceux destinés à décorer Rome.
Two sets of technical comments on P. Kessener, “The aqueduct at Aspendos,” JRA 13
Authors: Blackman Deane R. , Peleg Yehuda
Published: September 2015

Kessener's comprehensive and scholarly contribution, which bravely tackles the basic science in some detail and which will surely be an enduring reference, nevertheless perpetuates some technical misunderstandings that recur in the literature. I begin with the term “siphon”. It is unfortunate that this term continues to be used. The term applies to the situation when, at some point in a closed conduit, the hydrostatic pressure is less than atmospheric. It is not just that the overwhelming proportion of the innumerable pipe systems in the world never know sub-atmospheric pressure and should not be confused with this unusual arrangement, which warrants a technical term of its own (indeed, many modern textbooks do not mention siphons); but to introduce the term inappropriately also leads to misleading reporting and misconceptions. When we reach the discussion of the hydraulics of this system, real siphons find their way into the argument (p. 125), though the evidence shows that there was no siphon at Aspendos. The presence of air pockets and so on is almost irrelevant to operations if no point in the system lies above the Hydraulic Grade Line; were it not so, no garden hose would work reliably.

It is quite true that the problems of getting a siphon to start and to keep it running are significant: even without leaks, air tends to come out of solution and will eventually destroy the liquid column. But in a pipe system which does not go sub-atmospheric, the inverse (if we might dare to use the word) applies: air trapped at a high point will tend to be taken into solution, and the confused internal flow at such a point will be very efficient at entraining and so removing air. Just as a garden hose may splutter when first turned on, very rapidly all air is expelled from the system and there is no question that flow will eventually be established without further intervention.