bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-Assisted Restoration of Yangshao Painted Pottery Using LoRA and Stable Diffusion
Authors: Zhang Xinyi
Published: November 2024

This study is concerned with the restoration of painted pottery images from the Yangshao period. The objective is to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the restoration process for complex pottery patterns. Conventional restoration techniques encounter difficulties in accurately and efficiently reconstructing intricate designs. To address this issue, the study proposes an AI-assisted restoration workflow that combines Stable Diffusion models (SD) with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) technology. By training a LoRA model on a dataset of typical Yangshao painted pottery patterns and integrating image inpainting techniques, the accuracy and efficiency of the restoration process are enhanced. The results demonstrate that this method provides an effective restoration tool while maintaining consistency with the original artistic style, supporting the digital preservation of cultural heritage. This approach also offers archaeologists flexible restoration options, promoting the broader application and preservation of cultural heritage.
Cu Concentration in Vegetable-Cultivated Soil: Comparison Between Open Fields and Protected Environments in Brazil
Authors: Schmitt Odair , Andriolo Jerônimo , Tiecher Tadeu , De Conti Lessandro , Lourenzi Cledimar , Vieira Renan , Kaiser Douglas , Marchezan Carina , Corrêa Aparecida , Silva Isley , Chassot Tatiane , Wolski Mario , Morsch Letícia , Trentin Edicarla , Toselli Moreno , Baldi Eleną , Ferreira Paulo , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: November 2024

High copper (Cu) concentration in soils used for vegetable production is an agricultural, social and environmental issue. The excess of Cu in soil can cause toxicity in plants, reducing growth and yields. Moreover, Cu can also be absorbed and accumulated in edible organs, increasing risks for human health. This study aimed to compare Cu fractions in soils: (1) non-cultivated, natural soil (NC), (2) soils cultivated with open field crops (FCs) and (3) soils cultivated in controlled environments (CEs). The survey was carried out on 25 sites in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil), with each site containing the three types of soils described above. From these sites, the four with the highest soil Cu concentrations were selected to compare soluble (Cu-CaCl2), available (Cu-EDTA) and total (Cu-EPA) Cu. Both total and available soil Cu concentration in soil solution, in CE and FC areas were higher than in NC. At sites 23R1 (Oxisol) and 11R1 (Molisol) the soluble and available Cu content was higher in the FC environment than in CEs, and the same was observed for the total Cu content at sites 23R1 (Oxisol) and 9R1 (Molisol). Some FC soils showed total Cu concentrations higher than the limits established by Brazilian environmental legislation, being, as a consequence, potentially contaminated. Soil monitoring and cropping practices must be adopted to reduce the Cu content in soils of vegetable crops in this region.
Catalytic Production and Upgrading of Furfural: A Platform Compound
Authors: Gan Peng , Zhang Kai , Yang Guihua , Li Jinze , Zhao Yu , Chen Jiachuan
Published: November 2024

Furfural is a renewable platform compound that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. The highly functionalized molecular structure of furfural enables us to prepare a variety of high value-added chemicals, which will help realize biomass high-value utilization, and alleviate energy and environmental problems. This paper reviews the research progress on furfural production and upgrading to C5 chemicals from the catalyst perspective. The emphasis is placed on summarizing and refining the catalytic mechanism and in-depth analysis of available data. Specifically, the reaction mechanism of furfural production and upgrading is summarized firstly from the perspective of reaction pathways and reaction kinetics. Then, the available data are further processed to evaluate the actual reaction efficiency of different catalytic systems from multiple dimensions. Finally, based on statistical analysis, the challenges and opportunities of furfural-based research are proposed.
Disruption of the Physical Interaction Between Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Impacts Lactate Transport in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Combs Jacob E. , Murray Akilah B. , Lomelino Carrie L. , Mboge Mam Y. , Mietzsch Mario , Horenstein Nicole A. , Frost Susan C. , McKenna Robert , Becker Holger M.
Published: November 2024

It has been previously established that breast cancer cells exhibit high expression of the monocarboxylate (lactate) transporters (MCT1 and/or MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and form a functional metabolon for proton-coupled lactate export, thereby stabilizing intracellular pH. CD147 is the MCT accessory protein that facilitates the creation of the MCT/CAIX complex. This study describes how the small molecule Beta-Galactose 2C (BGal2C) blocks the physical and functional interaction between CAIX and either MCT1 or MCT4 in Xenopus oocytes, which reduces the rate of proton and lactate flux with an IC50 of ~90 nM. This value is similar to the Ki for inhibition of CAIX activity. Furthermore, it is shown that BGal2C blocks hypoxia-induced lactate transport in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, both of which express CAIX. As in oocytes, BGal2C interferes with the physical interaction between CAIX and MCTs in both cell types. Finally, X-ray crystallographic studies highlight unique interactions between BGal2C and a CAIX-mimic that are not observed within the CAII active site and which may underlie the strong specificity of BGal2C for CAIX. These studies demonstrate the utility of a novel sulfonamide in interfering with elevated proton and lactate flux, a hallmark of many solid tumors.
Evidence of a Lytic Pathway in an Invertebrate Complement System: Identification of a Terminal Complement Complex Gene in a Colonial Tunicate and Its Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Ballarin Loriano , Peronato Anna , Malagoli Davide , Macor Paolo , Sacchi Sandro , Sales Gabriele , Franchi Nicola
Published: November 2024

The complement system is a pivotal component of innate immunity, extensively studied in vertebrates but also present in invertebrates. This study explores the existence of a terminal complement pathway in the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri, aiming to understand the evolutionary integration of innate and adaptive immunity. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified a novel transcript, BsITCCP, encoding a protein with both MACPF and LDLa domains—a structure resembling that of vertebrate C9 but with a simpler organization. Phylogenetic reconstruction positions BsITCCP between invertebrate perforins and vertebrate terminal complement proteins, suggesting an evolutionary link. Localization studies confirmed that bsitccp is transcribed in cytotoxic morula cells (MCs), which are also responsible for producing other complement components like BsC3, BsMBL, BsMASP, and BsBf. Functional assays demonstrated that bsitccp transcription is upregulated in response to nonself challenges and is dependent on BsC3 activity; inhibition of BsC3 led to a significant reduction in BsITCCP expression. Electron microscopy revealed that MCs form contact with perforated yeast cells, indicating a possible mechanism of cell lysis similar to the immunological synapse observed in vertebrates. These findings suggest that a C3-governed lytic complement pathway exists in B. schlosseri, challenging the assumption that a C5 ortholog is necessary for such a pathway. This work enhances our understanding of the evolution of the complement system and suggests that invertebrates possess a terminal complement complex capable of mediating cell lysis, regulated by C3. Future studies will focus on confirming the pore-forming ability of BsITCCP and its role in the immunological synapse.
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway and Its Role in Shaping the Architecture of Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Konopka Adrianna , Gawin Kamil , Barszcz Marcin
Published: November 2024

The hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays a key role in both embryonic and postnatal development of the intestine and is responsible for gut homeostasis. It regulates stem cell renewal, formation of the villous–crypt axis, differentiation of goblet and Paneth cells, the cell cycle, apoptosis, development of gut innervation, and lipid metabolism. Ligands of the Hh pathway, i.e., Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh), are expressed by superficial enterocytes but act in the mesenchyme, where they are bound by a Patched receptor localised on myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. This activates a cascade leading to the transcription of target genes, including those encoding G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 and -E1, B-cell lymphoma 2, fibroblast growth factor 4, and bone morphogenetic protein 4. The Hh pathway is tightly connected to Wnt signalling. Ihh is the major ligand in the Hh pathway. Its activation inhibits proliferation, while its blocking induces hyperproliferation and triggers a wound-healing response. Thus, Ihh is a negative feedback regulator of cell proliferation. There are data indicating that diet composition may affect the expression of the Hh pathway genes and proteins, which in turn, induces changes in mucosal architecture. This was shown for fat, vitamin A, haem, berberine, and ovotransferrin. The Hh signalling is also affected by the intestinal microbiota, which affects the intestinal barrier integrity. This review highlights the critical importance of the Hh pathway in shaping the intestinal mucosa and summarises the results obtained so far in research on the effect of dietary constituents on the activity of this pathway.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Model System to Investigate the Role of the Innate Immune Response in Human Infectious Diseases
Authors: Franza Maria , Varricchio Romualdo , Alloisio Giulia , De Simone Giovanna , Di Bella Stefano , Ascenzi Paolo , di Masi Alessandra
Published: November 2024

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a valuable model for studying host-pathogen interactions due to its unique combination of characteristics. These include extensive sequence and functional conservation with the human genome, optical transparency in larvae that allows for high-resolution visualization of host cell-microbe interactions, a fully sequenced and annotated genome, advanced forward and reverse genetic tools, and suitability for chemical screening studies. Despite anatomical differences with humans, the zebrafish model has proven instrumental in investigating immune responses and human infectious diseases. Notably, zebrafish larvae rely exclusively on innate immune responses during the early stages of development, as the adaptive immune system becomes fully functional only after 4–6 weeks post-fertilization. This window provides a unique opportunity to isolate and examine infection and inflammation mechanisms driven by the innate immune response without the confounding effects of adaptive immunity. In this review, we highlight the strengths and limitations of using zebrafish as a powerful vertebrate model to study innate immune responses in infectious diseases. We will particularly focus on host-pathogen interactions in human infections caused by various bacteria (Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), viruses (herpes simplex virus 1, SARS-CoV-2), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans).
Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects
Authors: Nowak-Jary Julia , Machnicka Beata
Published: November 2024

Owing to recent advancements in nanotechnology, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), are currently widely employed in the field of medicine. These MNPs, characterized by their large specific surface area, potential for diverse functionalization, and magnetic properties, have found application in various medical domains, including tumor imaging (MRI), radiolabelling, internal radiotherapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy, drug delivery, and theranostics. However, ensuring the non-toxicity of MNPs when employed in medical practices is paramount. Thus, ongoing research endeavors are essential to comprehensively understand and address potential toxicological implications associated with their usage. This review aims to present the latest research and findings on assessing the potential toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles. It meticulously delineates the primary mechanisms of MNP toxicity at the cellular level, encompassing oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, disruption of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane perturbation, alterations in the cell cycle, dysregulation of gene expression, inflammatory response, disturbance in ion homeostasis, and interference with cell migration and mobility. Furthermore, the review expounds upon the potential impact of MNPs on various organs and systems, including the brain and nervous system, heart and circulatory system, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, urinary, and reproductive systems.
Oleocanthal and Oleacein from Privet Leaves: An Alternative Source for High-Value Extra Virgin Olive Oil Bioactives
Authors: Peyrot des Gachons Catherine , Willis Claudia , Napolitano Michael P. , O’Keefe Abigail J. , Kimball Bruce A. , Slade Louise , Beauchamp Gary K.
Published: November 2024

Current research strongly suggests that phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are potent preventive and therapeutic agents against metabolic diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Oleocanthal (OC) and oleacein (OA) are two of the most abundant and promising EVOO phenolics. To fully establish their health-promoting efficacy, additional animal studies and human clinical trials must be conducted, but the sourcing of both compounds at gram scale, reasonable cost, and ease of access remains a challenge. Here, we describe an extraction procedure to obtain OC and OA from the common privet (Ligustrum vulgare), a fast-growing, semi-evergreen shrub. We show that, compared to the olive tree, in addition to its broader geographical distribution, L. vulgare offers the benefit of yielding both OA and OC from its leaves. We also demonstrate the necessity of providing adapted enzymatic conditions during leaf treatment to optimize OC and OA concentrations in the final extracts.
Invasion Risk of Established and Horizon Non-Native Ants in the Mediterranean: A Screening for Italy
Authors: Schifani Enrico , Giannetto Daniela , Vilizzi Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Over five hundred non-native ant species have spread worldwide, including many that have severe effects on biodiversity, are serious economic pests, or threaten human health and agriculture. The number of species in the Mediterranean is steadily increasing, with Italy being a prominent example. We provide risk screenings for non-native ant species in Italy using a Terrestrial Species Invasiveness Screening Kit using current climate conditions and future predictions. The screened species consist of 15 established and 12 horizon taxa. The results highlight the threat posed by Linepithema humile and Solenopsis invicta, followed by Wasmannia auropunctata, Brachyponera chinensis, and Solenopsis geminata. The threat posed by other tropical invaders such as Anoplolepis gracilipes and Pheidole megacephala depends on climate change scenarios. The Palearctic non-native Lasius neglectus and Tetramorium immigrans species are recognized as intermediate threats, while most screened species are far less threatening. The biology and ecology of most non-native ant species remain scarcely documented. Among the established species, B. chinensis, L. humile, and S. invicta deserve the most attention, while W. auropunctata is rapidly spreading in neighboring countries. Detection is still often accidental and late compared to establishment. Most species first establish around urban areas, making citizen science a promising tool for biosurveillance.
Precision Ice Detection on Power Transmission Lines: A Novel Approach with Multi-Scale Retinex and Advanced Morphological Edge Detection Monitoring
Authors: Nusantika Nalini Rizkyta , Xiao Jin , Hu Xiaoguang
Published: November 2024

Line icings on the power transmission lines are dangerous risks that may lead to situations like structural damage or power outages. The current techniques used for identifying ice have certain drawbacks, particularly when used in complex environments. This paper aims to detect lines on the top and bottom in PTLI with low illumination and complex backgrounds. The proposed method integrates multistage image processing techniques, including image enhancement, filtering, thresholding, object isolation, edge detection, and line identification. A binocular camera is used to capture images of PTLI. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated through a series of metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision, and compared with existing methods. It is observed that the proposed method significantly outperforms the existing methods of ice detection and thickness measurement. This paper uses average accuracy of detection and isolation of ice formations under various conditions at a percentage of 98.35, sensitivity at 91.63%, specificity at 99.42%, and precision of 96.03%. Furthermore, the accuracy of the ice thickness based on the thickness measurements is shown with a much smaller RMSE of 1.20 mm, MAE of 1.10 mm, and R-squared of 0.95. The proposed scheme for ice detection provides a more accurate and reliable method for monitoring ice formation on power transmission lines.
The Development of Intellect in Emerging Adults: Predictors of Longitudinal Trajectories
Authors: Mussel Patrick
Published: November 2024

Intellect is an important personality trait, especially with regard to the prediction and explanation of intellectual performance, such as occupational or academic success. However, much less is known about the development of Intellect. I present results from a longitudinal study spanning eight years to investigate changes in Intellect during a critical period: the transition from school to vocation. The study is based on a large and heterogeneous sample with up to 1964 participants. Using a facet approach, I investigate predictors of longitudinal trajectories theoretically derived from construct definition, including subjective and objective attributes of education and profession; attitudes regarding the malleability of personality traits; as well as personality traits beyond Intellect, especially intelligence. Results reveal some support for the social investment principle according to neo-socioanalytic theory, as epistemic job demands and epistemic leisure activities predicted the increase in Intellect over time. The study contributes to our understanding of the development of personality traits related to intellectual achievement, including important internal and external predictors of longitudinal trajectories.
Spatiotemporal Changes and Utilization Intensity of the Zhoushan Archipelago Coastline over Four Decades
Authors: Liu Zhuocheng , Shi Lianqiang , Guo Junli , Cai Tinglu , Wang Xinkai , Xia Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Coastal changes in China, notably in the Zhoushan Islands, have primarily been driven by coastal reclamation since the establishment of New China. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the Zhoushan Archipelago shoreline spanning four decades, employing remote sensing, aerial photographs, and shoreline data since 1984, along with GIS (Geographic Information System) technology. We assessed shoreline changes using the shoreline change index and shoreline artificialization index, as well as examined the influence of the Yangtze River’s suspended sediment and impoldering activities on Zhoushan’s shoreline. Furthermore, the correlation between local economic development and shoreline development was explored. The results revealed the following key findings: (1) From 1984 to 2018, the Zhoushan Archipelago shoreline decreased by 7.05 km. Temporally, the shoreline change index was −0.08%, with the most significant reduction occurring between 2008 and 2018. Spatially, differences among island groups were not pronounced. (2) The shoreline diversity index consistently increased, indicating greater diversity and complexity in shoreline use over the four decades. (3) The shoreline artificiality index steadily rose, particularly after 2000. It was highest in the south, followed by the center, and lowest in the north. (4) The intensity index of coastal land use continuously increased, with the southern island group having a higher index compared to the Zhoushan Islands. (5) The Yangtze River contributed significantly to sand inflow, influencing shoreline changes and beach shaping in Zhejiang. However, reclamation projects were identified as the primary and direct factor. (6) A positive correlation existed between Zhoushan City’s economic development and the intensity of coastal land use. This study emphasized the need for improving the control over reclamation projects and the better management of coastal protection and use. These measures could optimize resource allocation and establish a more scientific and rational coastal zone pattern.
Mountain Logistics: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Teshome Mehari Beyene , Rasool Faisal , Orzes Guido
Published: November 2024

Background: The sustainable development of mountain areas, which have fragile ecosystems, has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers and practitioners. Logistics systems are crucial in supporting these regions and addressing mountainous terrain’s unique challenges. While many studies have examined aspects of mountain logistics, a comprehensive and systematic review of the field is still lacking. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper aims to fill the gap by systematically reviewing the existing literature on mountain logistics using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. Results/Conclusions: We identify four main research foci: design of logistics infrastructure or vector, optimization of logistics systems, safety in logistics systems, and impact of logistics systems on mountain communities. In addition to categorizing these themes, we conduct a detailed descriptive analysis of published studies in this domain. Our findings highlight significant research gaps, particularly in integrating digital technologies, sustainable mass transportation solutions, and logistics systems’ socioeconomic and environmental impacts. We propose targeted directions for future research to advance sustainable logistics practices in mountain regions.
Assessing the Drying Sensitivity of Alkali-Activated Binders Through Mechanical Reliability: Effect of Particle Size and Packing
Authors: Camargo Willian F. , Segadães Ana M. , Cruz Robinson C. D.
Published: November 2024

Despite the steady progress of research on the alkali activation of wastes or subproducts from established industrial processes, the brittleness of the hardened alkali-activated materials frequently results in questionable mechanical reliability, particularly in industrial applications beyond construction materials. This work used a 33 factorial Design of Experiments to examine the effect of three different particle size distributions on the compressive strength and mechanical reliability (Weibull modulus) of a sodium silicate-activated blast-furnace slag under the same processing conditions. As expected, curing temperature and time were strongly correlated, and the corresponding response surfaces showed that, for all studied particle sizes, compressive strengths above 60 MPa with mechanical reliability above 5.0 could be obtained by curing at ~60 °C for ~40 h. The particle size differences caused no significant changes in the extent of alkali activation, as seen in the infrared-spectroscopy results. However, the intersection of the response surfaces showed that a coarser and narrower particle size distribution extended the working area (time × temperature) and favored mechanical reliability. Thus, the precursor’s particle size distribution, which governs particle packing and viscosity during processing, also determines the permeability of the set binder, which affects water removal during drying and the dried binder’s mechanical performance.
Study on the Factors Influencing the Adsorption Mechanism of CSH Gel for Chloride Ions
Authors: Liu Shijie , Cui Suping , Guo Hongxia , Wang Yali , Zheng Yan
Published: November 2024

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel is an important hydration product of cement, significantly influencing the coagulation and hardening processes, as well as the mechanical properties, volume stability, and durability of cement. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in the adsorption of harmful ions. In this study, CSH gel was synthesized through the precipitation of calcium acetate and sodium silicate and was subsequently used to adsorb chloride ions. The results indicated that when the calcium-to-silicon ratio was 1.2, the CSH gel exhibited excellent adsorption performance for chloride ions introduced via CaCl2 and NaCl, with adsorption capacities of 17.45 mg·g−1 and 8.06 mg·g−1, respectively. The adsorption of chloride ions in CSH gel primarily occurs due to the physical adsorption of chloride ions on the surface and within the internal pores of the CSH gel, accompanied by a displacement reaction between hydroxide ion and chloride ions.
Aeruginosin 525 (AER525) from Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon Sp. (KUCC C2): A New Serine Proteases Inhibitor
Authors: Overlingė Donata , Cegłowska Marta , Konkel Robert , Mazur-Marzec Hanna
Published: November 2024

Aeruginosins (AERs) are one of the most common classes of cyanobacterial peptides synthesised through a hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthase/polyketide synthase pathway. They have been found in Microcystis, Nodularia spumigena, Oscillatoria/Plantothrix, and Nostoc. The presence of AER in Aphanizomenon isolated from the Curonian Lagoon was reported for the first time in our previous work. Here, the structure of aeruginosin 525 (AER525), isolated from Aphanizomenon sp. KUCC C2, was characterised based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. This new AER variant shows potent activity against thrombin. It also inhibits trypsin and carboxypeptidase A but has no effect on elastase and chymotrypsin. In terms of the N-terminal residue and biological activity, AER525 displaces some similarity to dysinosins, which belongs to the most potent inhibitors of thrombin among AERs. The findings underline the potential of AER525 as a new anticoagulant agent.
Robotic Management of Complex Obstructive Megaureter Needing Ureteral Dismembering and/or Tapering in Children: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Masieri Lorenzo , Carraturo Francesca , Chiodi Annalisa , Di Mento Claudia , Esposito Giorgia , Porcaro Mauro , Araiza Kelly Daniella , Escolino Maria
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Robot-assisted extravesical ureteral reimplantation (REVUR) has been described as valuable alternative to open reimplantation in the pediatric population. This study aimed to report the outcome of REVUR in children with complex obstructed megaureter (COM) needing ureteral dismembering and/or tapering. Materials and Methods: The records of patients with COM, who received REVUR with ureteral dismembering and/or tapering over the last 3 years (2021–2024), were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criteria for COM included previous surgery, paraureteral diverticula, or ectopic megaureter. Results: A total of 16 patients (15 boys), with a median age of 7.8 years (range 2–16), were treated over the study period. COM was associated with paraureteral diverticula (n = 6), previous failed endoscopic balloon dilation (n = 4), ectopic megaureter (n = 2), and previous bulking agent endoscopic injection causing iatrogenic ureteral obstruction (n = 4). Presentation symptoms included febrile urinary tract infections (n = 8), flank pain (n = 4), hematuria (n = 2), and pseudo-incontinence (n = 2). All surgical procedures were accomplished robotically without conversions or intra-operative complications. Ureteral tapering was performed in 7/16 (43.7%). The median operative time (including robot docking) was 220 min (range 155–290). The median length of stay was 3.8 days (range 3–7). The indwelling double J stent was removed 4–6 weeks postoperatively. Clavien 2 grade complications occurred postoperatively in 2/16 (12.5%). At median follow-up of 34.5 months, all patients were asymptomatic and showed improved hydroureteronephrosis on ultrasound and improved drainage on diuretic renogram. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that robot-assisted extravesical ureteral reimplantation is a safe and effective treatment for primary obstructive megaureter and other complex ureteral anomalies in our patient cohort. The procedure showed low complication rates, high success rates, and favorable long-term outcomes, supporting the feasibility and effectiveness of robotic surgery for these conditions.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Microbial Profiles and Clinical Outcomes in Orbital and Preseptal Cellulitis
Authors: Tsao Yu-Ting , Tsai Yueh-Ju , Chen Chau-Yin , Chu Yen-Chang , Tsai Yun-Shan , Liao Yi-Lin
Published: November 2024

Orbital cellulitis and severe preseptal cellulitis are critical periocular infections with potential vision- and life-threatening implications. The COVID-19 pandemic is hypothesized to have had an influence on their presentation and pathogenesis; however, the real impact remains unclear. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study from January 2017 to December 2022, we analyzed 1285 cases with preseptal or orbital cellulitis in pre-pandemic (2017–2019) and pandemic (2020–2022) cohorts. A notable decrease in hospitalized cases during the pandemic period was observed (97 patients in the pre-pandemic group vs. 54 in the pandemic group, p = 0.004), particularly among individuals aged 30–39 (p = 0.028). Sinusitis remained the leading cause, but odontogenic cases increased (p = 0.025). In addition, microbial diversity decreased during the pandemic, with the effective number of species decreasing from 17.07 to 8.87, accompanied by a rise in antibiotic resistance, notably against erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and metronidazole. While visual outcomes appeared worse in the pandemic group, statistical significance was not reached. These findings suggest that the characteristics, etiology, microbial profiles, resistance patterns, and visual outcomes of orbital and preseptal cellulitis have undergone alterations post-COVID-19 pandemic. Vigilance in clinical management and public health measures is crucial, with further research needed to optimize treatment strategies.
The Knob Domain of the Fiber-1 Protein Affects the Replication of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Xie Zhixun , Wei You , Xie Zhiqin , Wu Aiqiong , Luo Sisi , Xie Liji , Li Meng , Zhang Yanfang
Published: November 2024

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) outbreaks have caused significant economic losses in the Chinese poultry industry since 2015. The relationships among viral structural proteins in infected hosts are relatively unknown. To explore the role of different parts of the fiber-1 protein in FAdV-4-infected hosts, we truncated fiber-1 into fiber-1-Δ1 (73–205 aa) and fiber-1-Δ2 (211–412 aa), constructed pEF1α-HA-fiber-1-Δ1 and pEF1α-HA-fiber-1-Δ2 and then transfected them into leghorn male hepatocyte (LMH) cells. After FAdV-4 infection, the roles of fiber-1-Δ1 and fiber-1-Δ2 in the replication of FAdV-4 were investigated, and transcriptome sequencing was performed. The results showed that the fiber-1-Δ1 and fiber-1-Δ2 proteins were the shaft and knob domains, respectively, of fiber-1, with molecular weights of 21.4 kDa and 29.6 kDa, respectively. The fiber-1-Δ1 and fiber-1-Δ2 proteins were mainly localized in the cytoplasm of LMH cells. Fiber-1-Δ2 has a greater ability to inhibit FAdV-4 replication than fiber-1-Δ1, and 933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the fiber-1-Δ1 and fiber-1-Δ2 groups. Functional analysis revealed these DEGs in a variety of biological functions and pathways, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase–protein kinase b (PI3K–Akt) signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the Janus tyrosine kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak–STAT) signaling pathway, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) signaling pathway, and other innate immune pathways. The mRNA expression levels of type I interferons (IFN-α and INF-β) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) were significantly increased in cells overexpressing the fiber-1-Δ2 protein. These results demonstrate the role of the knob domain of the fiber-1 (fiber-1-Δ2) protein in FAdV-4 infection and provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the function of the fiber-1 protein of FAdV-4.
Simulation Analysis of the Annular Liquid Disturbance Induced by Gas Leakage from String Seals During Annular Pressure Relief
Authors: Du Qiang , Ke Ruikang , Bai Xiangwei , Du Cheng , Luo Zhaoqian , Huang Yao , Du Lang , Pei Senqi , Zeng Dezhi
Published: November 2024

Due to the failure of string seals, gas can leak and result in the abnormal annulus pressure in gas wells, so it is necessary to relieve the pressure in gas wells. In the process of pressure relief, the leaked gas enters the annulus, causes a the great disturbance to the annulus flow field, and thus reduces the protection performance of the annular protection fluid in the string. In order to investigate the influence of gas leakage on the annular flow field, a VOF finite element model of the gas-liquid two-phase flow disturbed by gas leakage in a casing was established to simulate the transient flow field in the annular flow disturbed by gas leakage, and the influences of leakage pressure differences, leakage direction, and leakage time on annular flow field disturbance and wall shear force were analyzed. The analysis results showed that the larger leakage pressure difference corresponded to the faster diffusion rate of the leaked gas in the annulus, the faster the flushing rate of the leaked gas against the casing wall, and a larger shear force on the tubing wall was detrimental to the formation of the corrosion inhibitor film on the tubing wall and casing wall. Under the same conditions, the shear action on the outer wall of tubing in the leakage direction of 90° was stronger than that in the leakage directions of 135° and 45° and the diffusion range was also larger. With the increase in leakage time, leaked gas further moved upward in the annulus and the shear effect on the outer wall of tubing was gradually strengthened. The leaked acid gas flushed the outer wall of casing, thus increasing the peeling-off risk of the corrosion inhibitor film. The study results show that the disturbance law of gas leakage to annular protection fluid is clear, and it was suggested to reduce unnecessary pressure relief time in the annulus to ensure the safety and integrity of gas wells.
The Influence of Temperature and Stoichiometry on the Optical Properties of CdSe Nanoplatelets
Authors: Koshkinbayev Yerkebulan , Ospanova Aigerim , Akhmetova Aizhan , Nurakhmetov Turlybek , Kainarbay Asset , Zhangylyssov Keleshek , Dorofeev Sergey , Vinokurov Alexander , Bubenov Sergei , Daurenbekov Dulat
Published: November 2024

Colloidal quasi-two-dimensional cadmium chalcogenide nanoplatelets have attracted considerable interest due to their narrow excitonic emission and absorption bands, making them promising candidates for advanced optical applications. In this study, the synthesis of quasi-two-dimensional CdSe NPLs with a thickness of 3.5 monolayers was investigated to understand the effects of synthesis temperature on their stoichiometry, morphology, and optical properties. The NPLs were synthesized using a colloidal method with temperatures ranging from 170 °C to 210 °C and optimized precursor ratios. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis was employed to determine stoichiometry, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the structural and optical characteristics. The results showed a strong correlation between increasing synthesis temperature and the enlargement of nanoscroll diameters, indicating dynamic growth. The best results in terms of uniformity, stoichiometry, and optical properties were achieved at a growth temperature of 200 °C. At this temperature, no additional optical bands associated with secondary populations or hetero-confinement were observed, indicating the high purity of the sample. Samples synthesized at lower temperatures exhibited deviations in stoichiometry and optical performance, suggesting the presence of residual organic compounds.
A Systematic Review of Isotopically Measured Iron Absorption in Infants and Children Under 2 Years
Authors: Gallahan Samantha , Brower Stephanie , Wapshott-Stehli Hannah , Santos Joelle , Ho Thao T. B.
Published: November 2024

Background: Iron is an essential element for critical biological functions, with iron deficiency negatively affecting growth and brain development and iron excess associated with adverse effects. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of up-to-date evidence on iron absorption measured isotopically in children, preterm infants, and full-term infants, up to 24 months of age. Methods: Search databases included Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus from a date range of 1 January 1953 to 22 July 2024. The included articles were experimental studies with iron absorption outcomes measured by isotopic techniques. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: A total of 1594 records were identified from databases, and 37 studies were included in the quality review with a total of 1531 participants. Article results were grouped by study commonality: absorption and red blood cell incorporation, type of milk feedings, additives to improve absorption, how and when to supplement with iron, and iron forms and complimentary foods. Conclusions: The results from this review support the current recommendations of oral iron supplementation. Iron from breast milk has high bioavailability, and unmodified cow’s milk reduces iron absorption. Supplemental iron is required at 4–6 months for healthy, full-term infants and sooner for preterm infants. Ascorbic acid increases iron absorption in full-term infants and children. Lactoferrin and prebiotics are promising candidates for enhancing iron absorption, but they require further investigation. Research evidence of iron absorption mechanisms and modulating factors in preterm infants is limited and should be a research priority.
Benign Evolution of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Type 1 in Patients Treated with Intravenous Neridronate: A Single-Center Real-Life Experience
Authors: Ciaffi Jacopo , Festuccia Gianluca , Ripamonti Claudio , Mancarella Luana , Brusi Veronica , Pignatti Federica , Lisi Lucia , Berti Lisa , Ruscitti Piero , Faldini Cesare , Ursini Francesco
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of intravenous neridronate treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS) in a real-life setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on consecutive CRPS patients treated at our hospital from February 2018 to July 2023. All were treated within three months of the onset of CRPS symptoms. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-Item Health Profile (PROMIS-29) version 2.1 was administered. The main outcome of interest was the evolution of the PROMIS-29 scores from baseline to the last follow-up visit. Patients were categorized as “complete responders” or “non-complete responders”. The association of clinical and demographic variables with a complete response was analyzed using chi-square tests and univariate logistic regression. Results: Thirty-six patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. A significant improvement was noted in the mean numerical pain rating scale (from 6.4 ± 1.9 to 3.1 ± 2.4, p < 0.001), as well as across all PROMIS-29 domains. Physical function improved from 34.2 ± 4.9 to 49.2 ± 9.9, p < 0.001; anxiety from 58.0 ± 6.7 to 49.6 ± 6.9, p < 0.001; depression from 55.3 ± 6.3 to 47.7 ± 6.6, p < 0.001; fatigue from 55.7 ± 7.7 to 50.9 ± 8.7, p < 0.001; sleep disturbance from 53.8 ± 6.8 to 51.3 ± 6.6, p = 0.034; social roles and activities from 41.8 ± 5.2 to 51.8 ± 8.9, p < 0.001; and pain interference from 64.1 ± 5.9 to 52.4 ± 9.9, p < 0.001. The likelihood of achieving a complete response was associated with the male sex, foot or ankle injuries (compared to hand and wrist injuries), and a younger age. No association was found with the type of inciting event or with the body mass index. Conclusions: Our real-life data indicate that early treatment with neridronate leads to substantial benefits in patients affected by CRPS type 1. The strongest responses are seen in young patients, males, and those with lower limb involvement.
Synchronization Between Kerr Cavity Solitons and Broad Laser Pulse Injection
Authors: Dolinina Daria A. , Vladimirov Andrei G.
Published: November 2024

The synchronization of a soliton frequency comb in a Kerr cavity with pulsed laser injection is studied numerically. The neutral delay differential equation is used to model the light dynamics in the cavity. This model allows for the investigation of both cases where the pulse repetition period is close to the cavity round-trip time and where the repetition period of the injection pulses is close to a rational fraction M/N of the round-trip time. It is demonstrated that solitons can exist in this latter case, provided that the injection pulses are of a higher amplitude, which is directly proportional to the number M. Furthermore, it is shown that the synchronization range of the solitons is also proportional to the number M. The solitons excited by pulses with a period slightly different from the M:N-resonance can be destabilized by the Andronov–Hopf bifurcation, which occurs when the injection level at the soliton position decreases to M times the injection amplitude corresponding to the saddle-node bifurcation in a model equation with uniform injection.
CO2-Enhanced Gas Recovery in Offshore Carbon-Rich Gas Reservoirs—Part 1: In Situ Gas Dispersion Behaviors
Authors: Jiang Ping , Zha Yuqiang , Ye Qing , Xiong Runfu , Zhao Nan , Mo Fengyang , Sun Lei , Li Minxuan , Zeng Yuqi , Liang Bin
Published: November 2024

In the middle and late stages of offshore carbon-rich gas reservoir development, insufficient reservoir energy poses significant challenges and difficulty in improving gas recovery. Injecting CO2 back into the reservoir is a promising development approach that can address both carbon emissions and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). During the CO2 injection process, the CO2–CH4 dispersion significantly impacts the recovery of CH4. To understand the mass transfer and dispersion laws of CO2 and high-carbon natural gas under current in situ reservoir conditions, this study conducted 1-m-long core experiments to investigate the effects of different gas compositions and permeabilities on gas recovery and diffusion laws in offshore reservoirs, taking into account the evolution of permeability in the porous medium. The experimental results indicate that the higher carbon concentration helps reduce mixing with formation gas, which consists of 70% methane, 25% nitrogen, and 5% carbon dioxide, resulting in a smaller diffusion coefficient. Under the conditions of an injection rate of 0.4 mL/min, a temperature of 81 °C, and a pressure of 7 MPa, the diffusion coefficient decreases by 27.5% as the carbon dioxide concentration increases from 70% to 90%, resulting in a 1.5% increase in recovery efficiency. As the permeability decreases, the viscous resistance of the fluid increases, leading to longer breakthrough times, and the reservoir fluid becomes more akin to piston displacement, reducing the degree of dispersion. The findings of this study provide guidance for optimizing gas injection strategies by reducing CO2 dispersion and further enhancing natural gas recovery.
Blockchain and Its Application in the Peer Review of Scientific Works: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morales-Alarcón Cristian Hugo , Bodero-Poveda Elba , Villa-Yánez Henry Mauricio , Buñay-Guisñan Pamela Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that ensures the security and transparency of data, guaranteeing that they cannot be altered. Its application in the peer review of scientific papers can contribute to improving the integrity, transparency, and efficiency of the process, mitigating issues of manipulation and fraud. This work analyzes the contributions of various research studies that address the use of blockchain technology in peer review. The study is a systematic literature review (SLR) in which the PRISMA methodology was applied. Fifty primary studies were identified through searches in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, and ACM. The analyzed research reveals innovative approaches, such as decentralized solutions, smart contracts, and token economy, to address challenges like biases, transparency, and speed in the review process. It is concluded that the use of blockchain in peer review processes is still emerging and has not yet been widely adopted globally. However, studies addressing this topic focus on its potential to improve transparency and trust in the process, offer incentives and rewards to reviewers and authors, enhance the quality and fairness of evaluations, and strengthen the security and privacy of the data involved.
Valuable Ca/P Sources Obtained from Tuna Species’ By-Products Derived from Industrial Processing: Physicochemical and Features of Skeleton Fractions
Authors: López-Álvarez Miriam , Souto-Montero Paula , Durán Salvador , Pérez-Davila Sara , Vázquez José Antonio , González Pío , Serra Julia
Published: November 2024

The global tuna canning industry generates substantial volumes of by-products, comprising 50% to 70% of the total processed material. Traditionally, these by-products have been utilized in low-value products such as fish oils and fishmeal. However, there is significant potential to extract high-value compounds from these by-products, such as calcium phosphates (CaP), which can have pharmaceutical, agricultural and biotechnological applications. This work explores the potential of tuna canning by-products, particularly mineral-rich fractions (central skeleton, head and fish bones) as sources of calcium phosphates (CaP), offering a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic derivatives within a circular bioeconomy framework. By-products from two of the most exploited species (yellowfin and skipjack) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical extraction, followed by controlled calcination to obtain CaP. The content of organic matter, nitrogen, total proteins, lipids and amino acids in the cleaned bones, as well as the main chemical bonds, structure and elemental composition (FT-Raman, XRD, XRF) were evaluated. Results indicated that the highest recovery yield of wet bones was achieved using the chemical method, particularly from the dorsal and caudal fins of yellowfin tuna. The proximal composition, with ash content ranging from 52% to 66% and protein content varying between 30% and 53%, highlights the potential of tuna skeleton substrates for plant growth formulations. Furthermore, variations in crystalline structures of the substrates revealed significant differences depending on the by-product source and species. XRD and Raman results confirmed a monophase calcium phosphate composition in most samples from both species, primarily based on hydroxyapatite (central skeleton, caudal and dorsal fin) or whitlockite/β-tricalcium phosphate (viscera), whereas the heads exhibited a biphasic composition. Comparing the species, yellowfin tuna (YF) exhibited a hydroxyapatite structure in the branchial arch and scales, while skipjack (SKJ) had a biphasic composition in these same regions.