bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Lung Blood Perfusion Measured With Laser Doppler Method During Body Position Change, Valsalva Manoeuvre and Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Taivans Immanuels , Strazda Gunta , Porīte Nora , Vanags Indulis , Lejnieks Juris , Lācis Romāns , Strīķe Eva
Published: December 2008

Regional Lung Blood Perfusion Measured With Laser Doppler Method During Body Position Change, Valsalva Manoeuvre and Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Methodological approaches to investigate local regulatory mechanisms of lung blood supply in humans are restricted. We tried a new approach using laser Doppler technique. During bronchoscopy, an angled laser Doppler flow probe was introduced through a biopsy channel and wedged into small bronchus. Laser light penetrated the wall of small bronchus and was reflected from blood cells running through neighbouring capillaries. Regional blood perfusion changes were recorded during body position change from vertical to supine and back to vertical, while performing Valsalva maneuver and during cardiac bypass surgery. Body position change and Valsalva maneuver markedly influenced the blood perfusion signal. During cardiac bypass when lungs were supplied with blood only through bronchial arteries regional blood perfusion dropped substantially on average from 93 ± 42 to 7.3 ± 4.3 perfusion units. We conclude that blood perfusion measured with this method reflect mainly the pulmonary vascular bed and may be used for investigation of its local regulatory mechanisms.
Comparison Of Stress Response Performing Endotracheal Intubation By Direct Laryngoscopy, Fibreoptic Intubation And Intubation By The Glidescope Laryngoscope
Authors: Jakušenko Nataļja , Kopeika Uldis , Mihelsons Māris , Nagobade Dace , Vija Putniña Aina , Pavārs Andrejs
Published: December 2008

Comparison Of Stress Response Performing Endotracheal Intubation By Direct Laryngoscopy, Fibreoptic Intubation And Intubation By The Glidescope Laryngoscope

Stress response is regulated by two primary neuroendocrine systems—the hypothalamuspituitary- adrenocortical (HPA) and sympathetic adrenomedullary (SAM) systems. Salivary alphaamylase (AA) levels can be used as an index of the SAM activity, and serum cortisol as an index of HPA activity. The aim of the study was to compare patient stress response to different intubation techniques. Sixty adult patients, ASA I-III, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were included in this study, with median age of 54±18 years. Patients were prospectively randomly divided into three groups-intubation with a GlideScope (GS), Macintosh laringoscope (ML) and PENTAX fibreoptic bronchoscope (FB). After preoxygenation for 3 min anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 mkg/kg, mivacuronium 0.2 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg, injected intravenously over 20 seconds. Intubation was started 2 min after mivacuronium injection. Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane 1-2 vol% and fentanyl 1 mkg/kg as needed. Intubation time (IT) was measured, blood and saliva samples were collected before and shortly after intubation. Haemodynamic response was recorded. Intubation time was statistically significantly longer in the FB group (120±65 s) versus the ML group (29±5 s) and GS group (26±9 s), P < 0.05. In the three patients groups the initial AA level was similar (54±20 KU/ml, P > 0.05). In GS patients the alpha amylase level after intubation significantly decreased (42±15 KU/ml, P < 0.05), but in ML and FB patients—significantly increased (68±24 KU/ml and 73±32 KU/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). After intubation, blood cortisol did not differ between the ML (377±181 U/ml) and GS (484±61 U/ml) patient groups, but was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the FB group (530±79 U/ml). Both heart rate and blood pressure increased during intubation, the difference between groups was not significant. All intubations were successful, but in the FB patient group IT was significantly longer than in the ML and GS patient group. IT in the GS and FB patient groups did not statistically significantly differ. In our opinion, shorter and more confident intubations with a GlideScope produce less nociceptive stimulus and less stress to the patient. Intubations using GlideScope videolaryngoscope causes lesser stress response in comparison to intubation with a Macintosh laryngoscope or fibreoptic bronchoscope.
Material and Energy Balances for Sulfur Disposal in Sulfates
Authors: Rappold Tim , Lackner Klaus  S.
Published: December 2008

Excess production of by-product sulfur from oil and gas requires sequestration beyond acid gas injection and the piling of elemental sulfur. Here we introduce a process concept for the disposal of sulfur as magnesium sulfate brine. Besides H2S and air, the process requires the addition of an alkaline mineral, such as olivine (Mg2SiO4), and water or seawater. As a waste product, MgSO4 is benign and thermodynamically stable. The product brine could therefore be disposed of in the ocean or in permeable underground formations, without the need to closely monitor its fate. The overall process is highly exothermic (895 kJ/mol S) and can provide carbon-neutral thermal energy for steam generation and other processes. Two unit processes are reviewed to assess their potential to operate at industrial reaction conditions (~ 1 µmol/cm3/sec). The unit processes include the absorption of SO2 into aqueous solution and its subsequent catalytic oxidation to yield dilute sulfuric acid, anda neutralizing unit, which dissolves the mineral olivine in the acid.

The reaction kinetics of the neutralizing unit is favorable; the development of the absorbing-oxidizing unit will require additional research.
Seligi : Complex Modeling Case Study and Optimization of a Malay Basin Giant
Authors: Frankel David Stanley , Abdullah Muhammad Aw Yong , Hartshone Nathan , Yap Kok-Thye , Kechut Nor Idah , Abdul Razak Ezzam
Published: December 2008

This paper describes a two-year effort by ExxonMobil and PETRONAS to develop a simulation model of a complex Seligi group J-sand, a major reservoir of this Malay Basin giant. This joint study demonstrated the successful collaboration between ExxonMobil and PETRONAS to enhance the existing depletion plan and identify improved oil recovery opportunities. This J-sand contains roughly 750 to 850 million stb of oil originally in place in this maturing offshore reservoir in the Malay Basin comprising multiple interdependent closures with relatively thin oil columns and large gas caps. The reservoir communicates with nine producing fields via a common regional aquifer encompassing an area of more than 7000 square kilometers.

Seligi was challenging to model because of its large size (8km x 12km), long history (30 years), significant gas and water coning issues, and its interaction with the regional aquifer. This paper will highlight techniques that were critical in creating an integrated simulation model of the field and regional aquifer, managing large quantities of data, and evaluating history match improvements due to the large well count and interdependent closures. The integrated simulation model was created from two geomodels of different vintages by seamlessly integrating the coarsely gridded Regional Aquifer Model, required for capturing the material balance impact of neighboring fields, and the finely gridded Seligi model to simulate field performance. Advances in reservoir simulation capabilities allowed a large single integrated model to be built, significantly reducing turnaround time from the previous version, where two models were run in tandem.

This study resulted in the recommendation to increase the OOIP by nearly 20% and has been the catalyst for focusing on production enhancement opportunities. The model is currently being used to identify and highgrade opportunities to maximize economic hydrocarbon recovery.
Development Of Natural Gas Supply Chain By Means Of Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH)
Authors: Nogami Tomoori , Watanabe Shigeru
Published: December 2008

Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (MES) has been conducting research and development on natural gas hydrate (NGH) technology since 1990s. Since NGH can be stabilized at 253K and is easy to handle, NGH is expected to be an alternative natural gas transportation medium against currently available system including liquefied natural gas (LNG), for the initial investment is considered lower under the certain conditions.

Based on the research and development, MES stepped further to practical stage and has been implementing a joint project, which involves an NGH production plant of 5 tpd (NGH)(under commissioning), together with The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. (CEP) with assistance of New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), a governmental institute of Japan since 2006. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate natural gas land transportation by means of NGH. In parallel, MES has been studying feasibility study of NGH ocean transportation chain together with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (Mitsui) and their joint company named NGH Japan Co., Ltd. (NGHJ). The study has been conducted on certain cases in Southeast Asia in cooperation with six leading Japanese companies and with assistance of Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC).

According to the study, NGH ocean transportation chain can be considered economical compared with conventional LNG system under some conditions including the capacity and distance of natural gas to transport. Furthermore, MES, Mitsui and NGHJ are drawing a plan of pilot marine transportation project with 100 to 200 tpd (NGH) production. If it could be materialized, NGH supply chain will take a step closer to commercialization.

NGH will provide a new option to monetize small to medium or stranded gas fields that are left undeveloped with existing technology due to its low economical efficiency, and the diversification of distribution method will also contribute to stably deliver low-cost natural gas to the districts where are isolated from current gas supply chains.

Introduction

Since the idea of ocean transportation of natural gas by means of NGH utilizing so called "self-preservation effect" was advocated by Dr. Gudmundsson of Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 1996, various kinds of research on NGH ocean transportation chain have been made in all over the world, as in the case of Marathon Oil Corporation which constructed a test plant of NGH production and started its experimental operation in the United States. MES has been continuously investing in research and development for NGH technology, just like as it has been conducting its research and development on NGH production process, carrier ship, and re-gasification process, etc. since 2001, and as it constructed the experimental plant for process development (Process Development Unit: PDU) and the research and development facility for mixed gas based process incorporating a pelletizer (Bench Scale Unit: BSU) and continued their experimental operation.
Skills Shortages, How Mutual Dependency and Entrepreneurialism Can Fill the Gap Left by the Majors
Authors: Stuart Colin , Spangarkar Sunil
Published: December 2008

A case history is described of a graduate training programme for drilling engineers, showing how two independent companies, one an International Drilling Contractor, the other an experience based Drilling Engineering Consultancy, combined their unique resources to create a successful ‘ground up’ engineering development programme localized to Southeast Asia, and outside of major Oil Company funding.

The complexity of drilling in the current crunch for resources, means that drilling contractors and independent oil companies who may not have all the expertise in house, would want to tap diverse pools of knowledge, or may be in a stage of growth that does not justify keeping large unused capacity as overhead, need to explore collaborative business models that aim at unique value creation or risk reduction. The current collaboration displays both these features.

The paper explains how the training programme was postulated, partners were proposed, and the key drivers for each participant were explored and agreed. One partner benefited from access to practical rig based training opportunities, while the other benefited from enhanced well engineering risk assessment advice, particularly in HPHT drilling. Some examples will be shown of other tangible benefits for each partner.
Pneumothorax complicating “in-out-in” thoracic pedicle screw placement for kyphotic deformity correction in a child
Authors: Viswanathan Ashwin , Relyea Katherine , Whitehead William E. , Curry Daniel J. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew
Published: December 2008

The authors describe a rare case of pneumothorax as a complication of thoracic pedicle screw placement in an 11-year-old girl undergoing posterior segmental instrumentation for a kyphotic deformity. Spontaneous pneumothorax after posterior fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has been reported in the orthopedic literature; however, to the best of the authors' knowledge, pneumothorax directly related to pedicle screw placement for spinal deformity has not been previously described. The authors discuss the anatomical and technical aspects leading to this complication and the lessons learned from it.
Pathological satiety caused by brainstem hemangioblastoma
Authors: Song Debbie K. , Lonser Russell R.
Published: December 2008

Because of the multiplicity and saltatory growth pattern associated with central nervous system hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, resection of individual tumors is usually reserved until symptoms occur, to avoid unnecessary surgery over the lifetime of a patient. Brainstem hemangioblastomas in VHL typically cause lower cranial nerve dysfunction, long-tract signs, sensory impairment, and gait abnormalities. The authors report on a 16-year-old girl with VHL who presented with abnormal early satiety resulting in growth and developmental arrest associated with a growing obex hemangioblastoma. Tumor resection resulted in restoration of appetite, with rapid weight gain, growth in stature, and onset of menses. These findings indicate that caudal brainstem-mediated mechanisms have a profound effect on satiety. Moreover, brainstem hemangioblastomas may present with abnormalities in satiety and feeding that can be effectively reversed with resection.
Atraumatic epidural hematoma secondary to a venous sinus thrombosis: a novel finding
Authors: Knopman Jared , Tsiouris A. John , Souweidane Mark M.
Published: December 2008

Venous sinus thrombosis is a rare entity that usually arises secondary to underlying thrombophilia, neoplasm, head injury, or infection. Tympanic infection accounts for the majority of infectious etiologies, and the sigmoid sinus becomes the likely anatomical site of thrombosis. The authors report a case involving a child with recurrent otitis media who presented with an atraumatic epidural hematoma secondary to sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Intraoperative evaluation revealed epidural hemorrhage that originated from the venous sinus, with hemorrhagic products of varying ages. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a venous sinus thrombosis resulting in an epidural hematoma.
Radiolucent hair accessories causing depressed skull fracture following blunt cranial trauma
Authors: Syed Omar N. , Hankinson Todd C. , Mack William J. , Feldstein Neil A. , Anderson Richard C. E.
Published: December 2008

Pediatric neurosurgeons frequently care for children with traumatic scalp and skull injury. Foreign objects are often observed on imaging and may influence the clinician's decision-making process. The authors report on 2 cases of poorly visualized hair beads that had become embedded into the skull during blunt trauma. In both cases, skull radiography and CT scanning demonstrated depressed, comminuted fractures with poorly demonstrated spherical radiolucencies in the overlying scalp. The nature of these objects was initially unclear, and they could have represented air that entered the scalp during trauma. In one case, scalp inspection demonstrated no evidence of the bead. In the other case, a second bead was observed at the site of scalp laceration. In both cases, the beads were surgically removed, the fractures were elevated, and the patients recovered uneventfully. Radiolucent fashion accessories, such as hair beads, may be difficult to appreciate on clinical examination and may masquerade as clinically insignificant air following cranial trauma. If they are not removed, these foreign bodies may pose the risk of an infection. Pediatric neurosurgeons should consider hair accessories in the differential diagnosis of foreign bodies that may produce skull fracture following blunt trauma.
The use of noninvasive electromagnetic neuronavigation for slit ventricle syndrome and complex hydrocephalus in a pediatric population
Authors: Clark Simon , Sangra Meharpal , Hayhurst Caroline , Kandasamy Jothi , Jenkinson Michael , Lee Maggie , Mallucci Conor
Published: December 2008

Object

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the use of noninvasive electromagnetic neuronavigation in children, in particular its use in complex hydrocephalus and slit ventricle syndrome.

Methods

Prospective data was collected from all pediatric patients undergoing insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunts using electromagnetic frameless neuronavigation from January 2006 to November 2007.

Results

Twenty-three patients fulfilled the study criteria. All ventricles were cannulated on the first pass. There were no immediate or early postprocedural complications. All but 1 patient had resolution of symptoms (mainly chronic headache) on follow-up (median 7 months, range 1–17 months). The proximal revision rate was 9% (2 of 23 patients). One patient required distal catheter revision. Infection occurred in 1 patient.

Conclusions

Electromagnetic neuronavigation using a frameless and pinless system is especially suited for pediatric patients. The authors hypothesize that successful placement of ventricular catheters will reduce morbidity and improve shunt longevity.
Machine Learning: A Crucial Tool for Sensor Design
Authors: Zhao Weixiang , Bhushan Abhinav , Santamaria Anthony D. , Simon Melinda G. , Davis Cristina E.
Published: December 2008

Sensors have been widely used for disease diagnosis, environmental quality monitoring, food quality control, industrial process analysis and control, and other related fields. As a key tool for sensor data analysis, machine learning is becoming a core part of novel sensor design. Dividing a complete machine learning process into three steps: data pre-treatment, feature extraction and dimension reduction, and system modeling, this paper provides a review of the methods that are widely used for each step. For each method, the principles and the key issues that affect modeling results are discussed. After reviewing the potential problems in machine learning processes, this paper gives a summary of current algorithms in this field and provides some feasible directions for future studies.
Discovery of Proteomic Code with mRNA Assisted Protein Folding
Authors: Biro Jan C.
Published: December 2008

The 3x redundancy of the Genetic Code is usually explained as a necessity to increase the mutation-resistance of the genetic information. However recent bioinformatical observations indicate that the redundant Genetic Code contains more biological information than previously known and which is additional to the 64/20 definition of amino acids. It might define the physico-chemical and structural properties of amino acids, the codon boundaries, the amino acid co-locations (interactions) in the coded proteins and the free folding energy of mRNAs. This additional information, which seems to be necessary to determine the 3D structure of coding nucleic acids as well as the coded proteins, is known as the Proteomic Code and mRNA Assisted Protein Folding.
Raman Tweezers as a Diagnostic Tool of Hemoglobin-Related Blood Disorders
Authors: Rusciano Giulia , De Luca Anna C. , Pesce Giuseppe , Sasso Antonio
Published: December 2008

This review presents the development of a Raman Tweezers system for detecting hemoglobin-related blood disorders at a single cell level. The study demonstrates that the molecular fingerprint insight provided by Raman analysis holds great promise for distinguishing between healthy and diseased cells in the field of biomedicine. Herein a Raman Tweezers system has been applied to investigate the effects of thalassemia, a blood disease quite diffuse in the Mediterranean Sea region. By resonant excitation of hemoglobin Raman bands, we examined the oxygenation capability of normal, alpha- and beta-thalassemic erythrocytes. A reduction of this fundamental red blood cell function, particularly severe for beta-thalassemia, has been found. Raman spectroscopy was also used to draw hemoglobin distribution inside single erythrocytes; the results confirmed the characteristic anomaly (target shape), occurring in thalassemia and some other blood disorders. The success of resonance Raman spectroscopy for thalassemia detection reported in this review provide an interesting starting point to explore the application of a Raman Tweezers system in the analysis of several blood disorders.
Design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace (1954), Hiroshima, by Togo Murano (Part 3): Formal manipulations observed in the process of schematic design of the cathedral (1948)
Authors: Tomioka Yoshito , Tabata Chikako
Published: April 2024

The collection of Kyoto Institute of Technology features numerous sketches and drawings scanning wide variety of exterior compositions of the cathedral. Togo Murano recalled that receiving the understanding and approval of the Fathers was challenging. This study analyzes the creative evolution of the cathedral's exterior form until the conclusion of the schematic design in November 1948. The proposed analytical method was applied to completely undated sketches and drawings to reveal the architect's morphological creation. Furthermore, it revealed the development of diverse types in an extremely short period, as well as the architect's design thinking and strategy in this phase.
Implementing a Staff‐Led Smoking Cessation Intervention in a Diverse Safety‐Net Rheumatology Clinic: A Pre‐Post Scalability Study in a Low‐Resource Setting
Authors: Brandt Jennifer , Ramly Edmond , Lim S. Sam , Bao Gaobin , Messina Monica L. , Piper Megan E. , Bartels Christie M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Quit Connect (QC), our specialty clinic smoking cessation intervention, supports clinic staff to check, advise, and connect willing patients to a state quit line or class. QC improved tobacco screening and quit line referrals 26‐fold in a predominantly White academic health care system population. Implementing QC includes education, electronic health record (EHR) reminders, and periodic audit feedback. This study tested QC's feasibility and impact in a safety‐net rheumatology clinic with a predominantly Black population.

Methods

In this pre‐post study, adult rheumatology visits were analyzed 12 months before through 18 months after QC intervention (November 2019 through November 2021, omitting COVID‐19 peak April through November 2020). EHR data compared process and clinical outcomes, including offers, referrals to resources, completed referrals, and documented cessation. Clinic staff engaged in pre‐post focus groups and questionnaires regarding intervention feasibility and acceptability. Cost‐effectiveness was also assessed.

Results

Visit‐level patients who smoked were 89.8% Black and 69.5% women (n = 550). Before intervention, clinic staff rarely asked patients about readiness to cut back smoking (<10% assessment). After QC intervention, staff assessed quit readiness in 31.8% of visits with patients who smoked (vs 8.1% before); 58.9% of these patients endorsed readiness to cut back or quit. Of 102 accepting cessation services, 37% (n = 17) of those reached set a quit date. Staff found the intervention feasible and acceptable. Each quit attempt cost approximately $4 to $10.

Conclusion

In a safety‐net rheumatology clinic with a predominantly Black population, QC improved tobacco screening, readiness‐to‐quit assessment, and referrals and was also feasible and cost‐effective.

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Time Resolved Cryo‐Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Szabo Gréta V. , Burg Thomas P.
Published: April 2024

Complex materials exhibit fascinating features especially in situations far from equilibrium. Thus, methods for investigating structural dynamics with sub‐second time resolution are becoming a question of interest at varying spatial scales. With novel microscopy techniques steadily improving, the temporal and spatial limits of multiple imaging methods are investigated with an emphasis on the important role of correlative imaging and cryo‐fixation. A deep‐dive is taken into cryo‐correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) as a starting point for multimodal investigations of ultrastructural dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution. The focus is on highlighting the different microscopy methods that capture the following key aspects: 1) samples are as close to native state as possible 2) dynamic process information is captured, 3) high structural resolution is enabled. Additionally, the size of samples that can be imaged under these conditions is looked at and approaches not only focusing on single molecules, but larger structures are highlighted.
Robust Macroscale Superlubricity in Humid Air via Designing Amorphous DLC/Crystalline TMDs Friction Pair
Authors: Zhu Dongxiang , Zhang Jie , Li Panpan , Li Zhan , Li Hongxuan , Liu Xiaohong , Ma Tianbao , Ji Li , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin
Published: April 2024

Superlubricity, a cutting‐edge concept, has the potential to drive the Fourth Industrial Revolution giving its near‐zero energy consumption, but the challenge is how to achieve it in humid air with chemical activity and at macroscale surfaces with unavoidable defects. Here, a novel principle involving the amorphous/crystalline  friction pair based on the cognition that tribochemical interaction sites originate from grain boundary defect locations is proposed to achieve macroscale superlubricity in humid air. The absence of grain boundaries in amorphous diamond‐like carbon (DLC) significantly reduces chemical interaction during the sliding process. This is supported by experimental observations of priority oxidation at the grain boundaries. Results indicate DLC versus MoS2 friction pair has weakened chemical interaction and less humid insensitivity compared to the MoS2 versus MoS2 pair, even increasing the contact area. Theoretical simulation suggests that DLC versus MoS2 pair eliminates the cross‐linking of friction interlayers induced by the enrichment of H2O molecules at MoS2 defects. The robust superlubricity is achieved for the typical friction pair of DLC versus MoS2 in air (RH≤25%) at macroscopic contact pressure (1.1 GPa) with friction coefficient in 10−3 magnitude and extra‐long anti‐wear life (more than 2 × 105 cycles), which is of significance for the industrialization of superlubricity.
Core@paratroopers Nanoassemblies with Catalytic Cascade for Efficient Tumor Starvation Therapy
Authors: Lu Qianqian , Hou Mengmeng , Huang Xirui , Yu Hongyue , Li Xingjin , Jia Jia , Zhou Qiaoyu , Lv Kexin , Ren Tingting , Liu Minchao , Zhan Yating , Kou Yufang , Dong Lingkai , Zhao Tiancong , Li Xiaomin
Published: April 2024

The catalytic therapy based on the nanozymes has received increasing interest in cancer treatment. However, the catalytic capabilities of standalone nanozymes are relatively limited, necessitating the development of a nano‐bio composite system that integrates both nanozymes and natural enzymes. This construction often inevitably leads to interference between natural enzyme and nanozymes, resulting in reduced synergistic performance. Herein, a cascade catalysis system featuring the “core@paratroopers” structure is proposed, wherein hollow manganese dioxide (HMnO2) serves as “core” and ultra‐small hybrid single‐micelle (H‐micelle) encapsulated with glucose oxidase (GOx) as “paratroopers” (H‐micelle‐GOx). The outer SiO2 layer of the H‐micelle can effectively protect the GOx. Under hypoxic conditions, HMnO2 reacts with endogenous H2O2 to produce O2, thereby enhancing the catalytic efficiency of GOx for starvation therapy. Simultaneously, the generated H2O2 boosts the catalytic efficiency of HMnO2, accelerating local O2 generation and alleviating tumor hypoxia. Additionally, this system exhibits rapid degradation in the tumor microenvironment characterized by high glutathione (GSH) expression, facilitating the release and deep penetration of the ultra‐small H‐micelle‐GOx “paratroopers” within the solid tumor.
Erbium‐Induced Boost in Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission of Double Perovskites for Highly Sensitive Multimodal and Multiplexed Optical Thermography
Authors: Li Gaoqiang , Cheng Shanshan , Chen Xu , Wang Meng , Zhang Fei , Chen Zhipeng , Liang Yurun , Li Xu , Ji Huifang , Yang Dongwen , Han Yanbing , Li Xinjian , Xu Wen , Jia Mochen , Shan Chongxin , Shi Zhifeng
Published: April 2024

Self‐trapped excitons (STEs) of lead‐free perovskites have aroused tremendous interest in remote optical thermometry due to strong exciton–phonon coupling and large Stokes shifts. Herein, a bright multimodal and multiplexed optical thermometer is constructed with high sensitivity (Sr) and self‐calibrating ability based on Cs2NaInCl6:Er3+ double perovskite, allowing for fast and simplified reading via mobile devices. Intriguingly, Er3+ doping not only shows the characteristic green emissions but also introduces nanoelectronic domains through a new localized valance band maximum and breaks the symmetry of In3+ site, which facilitates the generation of more STEs. The temperature‐sensitive blue emission of STEs and temperature‐insensitive green emission of Er3+ endow multimodal optical thermometry including time‐resolved and ratiometric readout schemes with a maximum Sr of 3.8% K−1, where an upconversion primary thermometry serves as a reference to calibrate other modes. Meanwhile, the designed thermometers show robust photostability, repeatability, and structural stability for long‐time working and storage. In addition, the remarkable thermochromic phenomenon from blue to green enables a quick color‐multiplexed thermography on a smartphone, which is utilized to capture real‐time 2D thermal imaging of microelectronic devices. This work demonstrates the great potential of lead‐free double perovskite for low‐cost and portable optical thermometry.
High‐Performance Self‐Powered Flexible Thermoelectric Device for Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Ge Bangzhi , Feng Jianghe , Kuang Nianling , Ye Haolin , Yuan Ziling , Wu Mengyue , Jiang Binbin , Li Juan , Sun Qiang , Niu Lin , Zhu Menghua , Xu Yadong , Jie Wanqi , Liu Ruiheng , Dong Shaojie , Zhou Chongjian
Published: April 2024

Electric signal accelerates full‐thickness wound healing in the clinic, which is usually generated by a large power generation system and requires delicate control by authorized personnel. Here, a self‐powered flexible and biocompatible thermoelectric device with exceptionally high power generation efficiency is developed. It generates 10 mV voltage at a temperature gradient of 10 K, outperforming all reported flexible thermoelectric devices. Accordingly, it can directly and efficiently convert the omnipresent heat in the skin to electricity at the microvolt level. The output electricity activates and upregulates the expression of Piezo1‐mediated pathways that are associated with tissue regeneration, accelerating the cell migration and proliferation in vitro and healing the wound 4 days faster in vivo. Importantly, the thermoelectric device fast‐heals the wound without involving any additional electric circuit such as an amplifier. These advantages will revolutionize the designing of self‐powered wearable bioelectronics for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating various pathological conditions employing the skin heat.
Cuproptosis: Advances in Stimulus‐Responsive Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lu Jiacheng , Miao Yuqing , Li Yuhao
Published: April 2024

Cuproptosis, a recently identified non‐apoptotic programmed cell death modality, attracts considerable attention in the realm of cancer therapeutics owing to its unique cellular demise mechanisms. Since its initial report in 2022, strategies inducing or amplifying cuproptosis for cancer treatment emerge. The engineering of nano‐systems to elicit cuproptosis effectively circumvents constraints associated with conventional small‐molecule pharmaceutical interventions, presenting novel prospects for oncological therapy. Stimulus‐responsive nanomaterials, leveraging their distinctive spatiotemporal control attributes, are investigated for their role in modulating the induction or augmentation of cuproptosis. In this comprehensive review, the physiological characteristics of cuproptosis, encompassing facets such as copper overload and depletion, coupled with regulatory factors intrinsic to cuproptosis, are expounded upon. Subsequently, design methodologies for stimulus‐responsive induction or enhancement of cuproptosis, employing stimuli such as light, ultrasound, X‐ray, and the tumor microenvironment, are systematically delineated. This review encompasses intricacies in nanomaterial design, insights into the therapeutic processes, and the associated advantages. Finally, challenges inherent in stimulus‐responsive induction/enhancement of cuproptosis are deliberated upon and prospective insights into the future trajectory of copper‐mediated cancer therapy are provided.
Crystal‐Phase‐Engineered High‐Entropy Alloy Aerogels for Enhanced Ethylamine Electrosynthesis from Acetonitrile
Authors: Huang Honggang , Chen Cun , Chang Chun‐Chi , Lai Feili , Liu Shangheng , Fu Hui , Chen Yao , Li Hanjun , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Zhang Nan , Liu Tianxi
Published: April 2024

Crystal‐phase engineering that promotes the rearrangement of active atoms to form new structural frameworks achieves excellent result in the field of electrocatalysis and optimizes the performance of various electrochemical reactions. Herein, for the first time, it is found that the different components in metallic aerogels will affect the crystal‐phase transformation, especially in high‐entropy alloy aerogels (HEAAs), whose crystal‐phase transformation during annealing is more difficult than medium‐entropy alloy aerogels (MEAAs), but they still show better electrochemical performance. Specifically, PdPtCuCoNi HEAAs with the parent phase of face‐centered cubic (FCC) PdCu possess excellent 89.24% of selectivity, 746.82 mmol h−1 g−1cat. of yield rate, and 90.75% of Faraday efficiency for ethylamine during acetonitrile reduction reaction (ARR); while, maintaining stability under 50 h of long‐term testing and ten consecutive electrolysis cycles. The structure–activity relationship indicates that crystal‐phase regulation from amorphous state to FCC phase promotes the atomic rearrangement in HEAAs, thereby optimizing the electronic structure and enhancing the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates, improving the catalytic performance. This study provides a new paradigm for developing novel ARR electrocatalysts and also expands the potential of crystal‐phase engineering in other application areas.
Handedness‐Inverted and Stimuli‐Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescent Nano/Micromaterials Through Pathway‐Dependent Chiral Supramolecular Polymorphism
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Wang Yuan , Jiang Yuqian , Wu Ningning , Wang Hanxiao , Li Tiejun , Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua
Published: April 2024

The precise manipulation of supramolecular polymorphs has been widely applied to control the morphologies and functions of self‐assemblies, but is rarely utilized for the fabrication of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with tailored properties. Here, this work reports that an amphiphilic naphthalene‐histidine compound (NIHis) readily self‐assembled into distinct chiral nanostructures through pathway‐dependent supramolecular polymorphism, which shows opposite and multistimuli responsive CPL signals. Specifically, NIHis display assembly‐induced CPL from the polymorphic keto tautomer, which become predominant during enol‐keto tautomerization shifting controlled by a bulk solvent effect. Interestingly, chiral polymorphs of nanofiber and microbelt with inverted CPL signals can be prepared from the same NIHis monomer in exactly the same solvent compositions and concentrations by only changing the temperature. The tunable CPL performance of the solid microbelts is realized under multi external physical or chemical stimuli including grinding, acid fuming, and heating. In particular, an emission color and CPL on–off switch based on the microbelt polymorph by reversible heating–cooling protocol is developed. This work brings a new approach for developing smart CPL materials via supramolecular polymorphism engineering.
High Strain Engineering of a Suspended WSSe Monolayer Membrane by Indentation and Measured by Tip‐Enhanced Photoluminescence
Authors: Chiout Anis , Tempez Agnès , Carlier Thomas , Chaigneau Marc , Cadiz Fabian , Rowe Alistair , Zheng Biyuan , Pan Anlian , Pala Marco , Oehler Fabrice , Ouerghi Abdelkarim , Chaste Julien
Published: April 2024

Straintronics involves the manipulation and regulation of the electronic characteristics of 2D materials through the use of macro‐ and nano‐scale strain engineering. In this study, an atomic force microscope (AFM) coupled with an optical system is used to perform indentation measurements and tip‐enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL), allowing to extract the local optical response of a suspended monolayer membrane of ternary WSSe at various levels of deformation, up to strains of 10%. The photoluminescence signal is modeled considering the deformation, stress distribution, and strain dependence of the WSSe band structure. An additional TEPL signal is observed that exhibits significant variation under strain, with 64 meV per percent of elongation. This peak is linked to the highly strained 2D material lying right underneath the tip. The amplification of the signal and its relation to the excitonic funneling effect are discussed in a more comprehensive model. The diffusion caused by Auger recombination against the radiative excitonic decay will also be compared. TEPL is used to examine and comprehend the local physics of 2D semi‐conducting materials subjected to extreme mechanical strain. Chemical vapor deposition‐fabricated 2D ternaries possess high strain resistance, comparable to the benchmark MoS2, and a high Young's modulus of 273 GPa.
Chitosan Composite Membrane with Efficient Hydroxide Ion Transport via Nano‐Confined Hydrogen Bonding Network for Alkaline Zinc‐Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Hu Jing , Wang Pengfei , Hu Jianbo , Zheng Menglian , Dong Mingdong
Published: April 2024

The development of membranes with rapid and selective ionic transport is imperative for diverse electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems, including fuel cells and flow batteries. However, the practical application of membranes is significantly hindered by their limited conductivity and stability under strong alkaline conditions. Herein, a unique composite membrane decorated with functional Cu2+ cross‐linked chitosan (Cts‐Cu‐M) is reported and their high hydroxide ion conductivity and stability in alkaline flow batteries are demonstrated. The underlying hydroxide ions transport of the membrane through Cu2+ coordinated nano‐confined channels with abundant hydrogen bonding network via Grotthuss (proton hopping) mechanism is proposed. Consequently, the Cts‐Cu‐M membrane achieves high hydroxide ion conductivity with an area resistance of 0.17 Ω cm2 and enables an alkaline zinc‐based flow battery to operate at 320 mA cm−2, along with an energy efficiency of ≈80%. Furthermore, the membrane enables the battery for 200 cycles of long‐cycle stability at a current density of 200 mA cm−2. This study offers an in‐depth understanding of ion transport for the design and preparation of high‐performance membranes for energy storage devices and beyond.
Is there an association between proficiency in fundamental movement skills and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity in childhood on weekdays and weekends? The REACT project
Authors: Garbeloto Fernando , Maia José , Barreira Tiago V. , Hedeker Donald , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Garganta Rui , Farias Cláudio , Santos Ricardo , Stodden David F. , Tani Go , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Pereira Sara
Published: April 2024

Objective

The present study probes into the association between children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during weekdays and weekends.

Methods

This cross‐sectional sample included 1014 children aged 6–10 years from the REACT project. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometry, and five FMS (stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll) were assessed with the digital platform Meu Educativo®. Three groups were formed based on the frequency of FMS that each child mastered: group 1 (wizard level in four or five FMS); group 2 (wizard level in two or three FMS); and group 3 (wizard level in at most one skill). Multilevel models were used to analyze the data treating children (level‐1) nested within schools (level‐2).

Results

Compared to group 1, groups 2 (−12.9 ± 2.3 min day−1) and 3 (−23.9 ± 2.4 min day−1) were less physically active during weekdays and weekends (group 2: −14.7 ± 2.7 min day−1 and group 3: −22.4 ± 2.9 min day−1), independent of age and sex. There was a decline in MVPA during the weekend. Further, on average, boys were more active than girls, and with increasing age, children were less active.

Conclusion

On average, children with higher FMS levels are generally more physically active than their peers with lower FMS levels. Even though MVPA tends to decline on weekends, FMS proficiency is a significant factor in maintaining 60 min of MVPA on weekends.
Longitudinal cerebral perfusion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia: GENFI results
Authors: Pasternak Maurice , Mirza Saira S. , Luciw Nicholas , Mutsaerts Henri J. M. M. , Petr Jan , Thomas David , Cash David , Bocchetta Martina , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Mitchell Sara B. , Black Sandra E. , Freedman Morris , Tang‐Wai David , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Russell Lucy L. , Bouzigues Arabella , van Swieten John C. , Jiskoot Lize C. , Seelaar Harro , Laforce Robert , Tiraboschi Pietro , Borroni Barbara , Galimberti Daniela , Rowe James B. , Graff Caroline , Finger Elizabeth , Sorbi Sandro , de Mendonça Alexandre , Butler Chris , Gerhard Alex , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Moreno Fermin , Synofzik Matthis , Vandenberghe Rik , Ducharme Simon , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Santana Isabel , Strafella Antonio P. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Masellis Mario ,   the GENetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI)
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

Effective longitudinal biomarkers that track disease progression are needed to characterize the presymptomatic phase of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigate the utility of cerebral perfusion as one such biomarker in presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers.

METHODS

We investigated longitudinal profiles of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in 42 C9orf72, 70 GRN, and 31 MAPT presymptomatic carriers and 158 non‐carrier controls. Linear mixed effects models assessed perfusion up to 5 years after baseline assessment.

RESULTS

Perfusion decline was evident in all three presymptomatic groups in global gray matter. Each group also featured its own regional pattern of hypoperfusion over time, with the left thalamus common to all groups. Frontal lobe regions featured lower perfusion in those who symptomatically converted versus asymptomatic carriers past their expected age of disease onset.

DISCUSSION

Cerebral perfusion is a potential biomarker for assessing genetic FTD and its genetic subgroups prior to symptom onset.

Highlights

Gray matter perfusion declines in at‐risk genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Regional perfusion decline differs between at‐risk genetic FTD subgroups .

Hypoperfusion in the left thalamus is common across all presymptomatic groups.

Converters exhibit greater right frontal hypoperfusion than non‐converters past their expected conversion date.

Cerebral hypoperfusion is a potential early biomarker of genetic FTD.
Characterizing Frontal Lobe Seizure Semiology in Children
Authors: van Dalen Thijs , Kirkham Jessica F , Chari Aswin , D'Arco Felice , Moeller Friederike , Eltze Christin , Cross J Helen , Tisdall Martin M , Thornton Rachel C
Published: April 2024

Objective

The objective was to analyze seizure semiology in pediatric frontal lobe epilepsy patients, considering age, to localize the seizure onset zone for surgical resection in focal epilepsy.

Methods

Fifty patients were identified retrospectively, who achieved seizure freedom after frontal lobe resective surgery at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Video‐electroencephalography recordings of preoperative ictal seizure semiology were analyzed, stratifying the data based on resection region (mesial or lateral frontal lobe) and age at surgery (≤4 vs >4).

Results

Pediatric frontal lobe epilepsy is characterized by frequent, short, complex seizures, similar to adult cohorts. Children with mesial onset had higher occurrence of head deviation (either direction: 55.6% vs 17.4%; p = 0.02) and contralateral head deviation (22.2% vs 0.0%; p = 0.03), ictal body‐turning (55.6% vs 13.0%; p = 0.006; ipsilateral: 55.6% vs 4.3%; p = 0.0003), and complex motor signs (88.9% vs 56.5%; p = 0.037). Both age groups (≤4 and >4 years) showed hyperkinetic features (21.1% vs 32.1%), contrary to previous reports. The very young group showed more myoclonic (36.8% vs 3.6%; p = 0.005) and hypomotor features (31.6% vs 0.0%; p = 0.003), and fewer behavioral features (36.8% vs 71.4%; p = 0.03) and reduced responsiveness (31.6% vs 78.6%; p = 0.002).

Interpretation

This study presents the most extensive semiological analysis of children with confirmed frontal lobe epilepsy. It identifies semiological features that aid in differentiating between mesial and lateral onset. Despite age‐dependent differences, typical frontal lobe features, including hyperkinetic seizures, are observed even in very young children. A better understanding of pediatric seizure semiology may enhance the accuracy of onset identification, and enable earlier presurgical evaluation, improving postsurgical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1138–1148
Development of an FeII Complex Exhibiting Intermolecular Proton Shifting Coupled Spin Transition
Authors: Ji Tianchi , Su Shengqun , Wu Shuqi , Hori Yuta , Shigeta Yasuteru , Huang Yubo , Zheng Wenwei , Xu Wenhuang , Zhang Xiaopeng , Kiyanagi Ryoji , Munakata Koji , Ohhara Takashi , Nakanishi Takumi , Sato Osamu
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigated reversible intermolecular proton shifting (IPS) coupled with spin transition (ST) in a novel FeII complex. The host FeII complex and the guest carboxylic acid anion were connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). We extended the intramolecular proton transfer coupled ST phenomenon to the intermolecular system. The dynamic phenomenon was confirmed by variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, neutron crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of IPS was further validated using density functional theory calculations. The discovery of IPS‐coupled ST in crystalline molecular materials provides good insights into fundamental processes and promotes the design of novel multifunctional materials with tunable properties for various applications, such as optoelectronics, information storage, and molecular devices.