bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excitation Wavelength Regulated Dynamic Luminescence in Bi/Sb co‐Doped Tin Halide for Encrypted Information Transmission and High‐Sensitivity Wavelength Sensor
Authors: Chang Jianglong , Xu Sai , Gao Yuefeng , Li You , Wang Yichao , Yu Hongquan , Cao Yongze , Zhang Xizhen , Chen Baojiu
Published: December 2024

The coordination structure of Sb3+ within the host lattice critically influences its photophysical properties, sparking interest in luminescent metal halides with multiexciton emissions. Furthermore, the multi‐coordination lattice structure of Sb3+ dynamically emits light with excitation wavelength, highlighting the potential of Sb3+ ions in tuning luminescence and developing advanced optoelectronic materials. Herein, Sb3+ ions are successfully doped into Cs2SnCl6, and the obvious excitation wavelength‐dependent emission of Cs2SnCl6: Sb at room temperature is observed. To explain this phenomenon, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and time‐resolved spectra are conducted to confirm that the emission originated from two luminescence centers associated with the [SbCl6]3− and [SbCl5]2− coordination. Based on the tunable emission of Cs2SnCl6: Sb and the effective electron transfer between two triplet self‐trapped exciton states induced by Bi3+ and Sb3+, a pixelated code for information encryption is designed. The encoded patterns exhibit color changes under different UV wavelengths, enabling secure and straightforward information encryption. Furthermore, a sensitive UV wavelength sensor is prepared based on Cs2SnCl6: Bi/Sb, exploiting the monotonic relationship between chromaticity coordinates and wavelength, achieving a resolution superior to previously reported wavelength sensors. This study marks a substantial step toward advancing the multifunctional application of lead‐free metal halides.
A Tetrahydropyran‐Based Weakly Solvating Electrolyte for Low‐Temperature and High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Zezhuo , Liao Yaqi , Ji Haijin , Lin Xing , Wei Ying , Hao Shuaipeng , Hu Xueting , Yuan Lixia , Huang Zhimei , Huang Yunhui
Published: December 2024

Ether‐based electrolytes show great potential in low‐temperature lithium metal batteries (LMBs) for their low viscosity and decent reduction stability. However, conventional ethers with multidentate chelate sites suffer from low oxidation stability and high desolvation energy barrier due to the strong coordination between oxygen and Li+. Herein, cyclic tetrahydropyran (THP) with a unidentate site is designed as a solvent, and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) serve as additives for low‐temperature LMBs. The cyclic strain and unidentate chelate effect endow THP with a weak affinity to Li+ ions, which accelerates Li+ desolvation process and induces the anion‐derived electrode/electrolyte interface at low temperature. The formed inorganic‐rich interface further improves the oxidation stability and expedites the interfacial ion transportation. As a result, the assembled Li‐LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cell stably cycles with 87% capacity retention after 100 cycles at −40 °C and 4.5 V. The 2.7 Ah Li‐NMC811 pouch cell with an energy density of 403 Wh kg−1 delivers 53% of the room‐temperature capacity at −50 °C. This work reveals that regulating the chelate site of solvents can well optimize the electrolytes to realize low‐temperature LMBs.
CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products Over Cu2O@Mesoporous SiO2 Confined Catalyst: Relevance of the Shell Thickness
Authors: Wang Yanan , Lai Wenchuan , Tao Haolan , Qiao Yan , Chen Xuli , Lian Cheng , Ge Jingjie , Li Jiong , Huang Hongwen
Published: December 2024

Despite the advantage of high carbon utilization, CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) in acid is challenged by the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Designing confined catalysts is a promising strategy to suppress HER and boost CO2ER, yet the relationship between the confined structure and catalytic performance remains unclear, limiting rational design. Herein, using Cu2O@mesoporous SiO2 core‐shell catalysts as a well‐defined platform, a volcano‐shaped relationship is found between the thickness of mesoporous SiO2 layer and productivity of multicarbon (C2+) products in CO2 electroreduction. The optimal shell thickness of 15 nm is identified, with in situ spectroscopies and theoretical simulations attributing this to the trade‐off between the local alkalinity and CO2 concentration, arising from the nanoconfinement effect. At this optimal thickness, the Cu2O@ mesoporous SiO2 catalyst achieves a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 83.1% ± 2.5% and partial current density of 687.8 mA cm−2 in acidic electrolytes, exceeding most reported catalysts. This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of confined catalysts for electrocatalysis.
Fluorescent imaging agents for mapping temperature field and capillary flow on the surface of volatile solvent
Authors: Gu Hao , Wan Sibo , Lu Sheng , Chen Yahui , Wang Fang , Zheng Shiyue , Li Yourong , Chen Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2024

The understanding of thermocapillary convection is important in both fundamental and industrial aspects. However, efficient tools that can provide dynamic details of the convective flows are still lacking. Here, we discovered a unique phenomenon of photoinduced fluorogenic shift of HDPI derivatives in chloroform and utilized this trait to map the temperature field and capillary flow on the surface of or inside volatile chloroform with a high spatial resolution and a long observation window. By inducing a proper co‐imaging agent that enhanced the fluorescence contrast via generating more distinguishable chromaticity, the fluorescence‐based method exhibited further enhanced imaging resolution and elongated observation time, facilitating the continuous monitoring of temperature field and capillary flow. This work presents a powerful tool to study the behaviors of fluid (thermo‐)dynamics.
Chemometrics of the Seasonal Influence on Chemical Composition, Yield, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anti‐Candida Activity of Alpinia nutans Essential Oil Growing in the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: de Figueiredo Raphael O. , Vilhena Ester Caroline S. , Santos Daniel Barbosa , Cesar Kellyane Karen F. A. , Sarrazin Sandra Layse F. , Mourão Rosa Helena V. , Setzer William N. , da Silva Joyce Kelly R. , Figueiredo Pablo Luis B.
Published: December 2024

Alpinia nutans (L.) Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) is used in folk medicine as an antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonality effects on the yield, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anti‐Candida activity of the A. nutans essential oil (EO). The specimen was collected monthly for 1 year in Belém, Pará, Brazil. The leaf EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and β‐carotene/linoleic acid. The EO yield showed no significant difference between dry (1.80% ± 0.29) and rainy (1.75% ± 0.11) seasons. The main chemical constituents identified in the EOs were terpinen‐4‐ol (13.93%–23.14%), 1,8‐cineole (15.83%–18.43%), and p‐cymene (14.41%–20.16%). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed three groups with major constituents in different proportions. None of the samples showed significant inhibition in the DPPH and β‐carotene/linoleic acid antioxidant method. Analyzing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), the samples from dry and rainy seasons showed high activity against strains of Candida albicans (MIC 5 mg/mL; MFC 10 mg/mL), Candida parapsilosis (MIC 2.5 mg/mL; MFC 10 mg/mL), and Candida tropicalis (MIC 10 mg/mL; MFC 10 mg/mL). There were only quantitative variations in the chemical composition of A. nutans EO. The anti‐Candida potential of the EO was also not influenced by seasonality. The A. nutans EO may be promising to produce anti‐Candida phytopharmaceuticals. However, the chemical variability of this species throughout the year should be considered for this purpose.
Inferring Distant Relationships From Dense SNP Data Utilizing Two Genealogy Algorithms
Authors: Lin Xinyi , Han Shuang , Zhang Nan , Ling Xiaohua , Bai Zhaochen , Ou Xueling
Published: December 2024

A highly esteemed method known as investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) has been developed to identify DNA samples from forensic crime scenes and human remains of disaster victims. With the advent of next‐generation sequencing, it is now feasible to access information on millions of SNPs typed in a single sequencing run that fulfill the requirements for kinship inference. However, challenges such as the poor quality of forensic samples, the high cost associated with sequencing technology, and privacy concerns regarding large‐scale genetic databases remain unresolved in this field. In the present study, we validated the identification of relationships up to the seventh degree using two genealogy algorithms (IBIS and KING) under various parameter settings. This was accomplished through whole genome sequencing data derived from two southern Chinese Han pedigrees during an initial phase, while also exploring workflows adapted for low‐quality samples. To achieve this objective, low‐coverage whole genome sequencing data were downsampled from high‐coverage original datasets; additionally, mimic SNP array data—containing less information but offering greater accessibility—were prepared as reference samples. Through a series of experimental analyses, we not only validate the applicability of selected processing procedures and inference tools for low‐coverage samples but also proposed that a meticulously crafted site filtering strategy can significantly improve the accuracy of kinship identification. This acknowledges the necessity for further systematic evidence in future research endeavors.
Regional adaptation of integrated pest management to control invasive forest insects
Authors: Stastny Michael , Corley Juan C , Allison Jeremy D
Published: December 2024

Globalization is increasing the threat of invasive forest insects to ecosystems. Control efforts against the same pest species progressively occur across distant jurisdictions as integrated pest management (IPM) programs or tactics developed in one region are adopted by another region. This knowledge exchange accelerates responses and collaboration; however, transplanted IPM programs can overlook preexisting or emerging differences between regions, which may explain their varying success. These differences include biological variation in the pest system, environmental conditions, issues of scale and capacity of the response, regulatory environment, and cultural context. We examine the role of these factors in the adoption and outcomes of IPM programs, drawing from case studies and an online survey of forestry IPM experts. To facilitate regional adaptation of IPM programs during their adoption and implementation in new regions, we propose an evaluation framework and recommend approaches to not only reduce risks but also maximize uptake, efficacy, and resilience.
Investigating the reasons behind a later or missed diagnosis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young people: A population cohort study
Authors: Barclay Isabella , Sayal Kapil , Ford Tamsin , John Ann , Taylor Mark J. , Thapar Anita , Langley Kate , Martin Joanna
Published: December 2024

Background

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, more often diagnosed in males. In many individuals, particularly females, ADHD is diagnosed later or missed, the reasons for this are not fully understood. Timely diagnosis is needed to provide support, management, and treatment to improve outcomes. This study aimed to understand why some young people with ADHD experience later or missed diagnosis and to consider sex differences.

Methods

This study included 9991 (females = 43.69%) individuals from the Millenium Cohort Study, a UK based population study which defined recognised ADHD by a parent‐reported clinician diagnosis, and unrecognised ADHD by parent‐reported questionnaires. Behavioural and emotional difficulties, engagement in leisure activities, and parental characteristics, were compared between those recognised earlier (by ages 5/7, n = 264, f = 19.3%) versus later (by ages 11/14, n = 260, f = 21.2%), and those recognised (n = 524, f = 20.2%) versus unrecognised (n = 1,138, f = 38.7%) using logistic regression, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) analysed. Sex differences were investigated with an interaction analysis.

Results

Those recognised with ADHD earlier had more peer, conduct, and emotional problems, emotional dysregulation, lower cognitive ability, and poorer prosocial skills compared with those recognised later, ORs ranged from 0.27 (95% CI = 018, 0.41) to 1.20 (95% CI = 1.20, 1.32). Similar findings were seen when comparing those with recognised and unrecognised ADHD; ORs ranged from 0.11 (95% CI = 0.09, 0.15) to 1.31 (95% CI = 1.19, 1.43). Additionally, those recognised were more likely to have diagnosed autism and have less reported physical activity. Sex stratification showed that recognised males had higher emotional dysregulation than unrecognised males, but this was not seen in females.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the need to consider ADHD referral, regardless of cognitive and prosocial ability or comorbidities, if children are displaying ADHD symptoms. Additionally, symptoms of ADHD not traditionally included in screening criteria, such as emotional dysregulation, should be considered to improve gender‐inclusive recognition of ADHD.
Evaluation of teaching cognitive bias to dental students during the transition to independent dental practice
Authors: Nakhapaksirat Dechsak
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Cognitive bias is an increasingly important topic in healthcare education, though its significance in dental education remains underexplored. Ensuring that dental students learn more about cognitive bias to enhance dental care is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate dental students’ perceptions of the value of teaching cognitive bias awareness in independent practice.

Methods

The content of cognitive biases, along with related theories and debiasing strategies, was delivered through interactive lectures in April 2022 and May 2024 to final‐year dental students transitioning to independent dental practice at Mahidol Dental School. At the end of the session, students’ perceptions of the benefits of cognitive bias awareness in dental practice were assessed using an online questionnaire via Google Form. Students also provided feedback on the lecture through the same questionnaire.

Results

Seventy‐six dental students completed the questionnaire (55.47% response rate). Students reported gaining greater knowledge and understanding of cognitive biases, with most expressing satisfaction with the teaching format (interactive lecture with case discussions). They noted that they could apply debiasing strategies in their future practice to minimize clinical errors, enhance clinical reasoning and decision‐making skills, and provide better patient care. Students also recommended incorporating cognitive bias awareness into both undergraduate and postgraduate dental curricula.

Conclusion

Cognitive bias awareness is an important topic that should be integrated into dental education before students begin independent dental practice. Debiasing strategies can help dental students and practitioners reduce clinical errors and improve the quality of dental care.
Inhibition of fibulin‐3 ameliorates periodontal inflammation through reducing M1 macrophage polarization via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Mu Hailin , Yang Beining , Wang Yan , Wang Shuo , Yu Wenqian , Jia Meie , Dong Wei , Wang Xinyi , Xu Xiaoxiao , Dong Zhipeng , Yang Baochen , Li Xuemei , Wang Jiawei
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the role of fibulin‐3 (FBLN3) in macrophage polarization, its mechanism, and its effect on periodontitis.

Methods

We conducted studies on periodontitis using both clinical samples and ligature‐induced mouse periodontitis model. The inflammatory state was assessed using microcomputed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining. In vitro, bone marrow‐derived macrophages, and RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin (IL)‐4 to induce polarization. The role of FBLN3 in macrophage polarization was investigated using overexpression plasmids or siRNAs. Furthermore, local injection of adeno‐associated virus was employed to suppress FBLN3 expression in periodontal tissues.

Results

FBLN3 levels were greater in periodontitis tissues. FBLN3 promoted M1 polarization and suppressed M2 polarization in macrophages. The overexpression of FBLN3 promoted M1 polarization via the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, an effect that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor PD153035 reversed. Suppressing FBLN3 expression improved periodontal inflammation and reduced alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.

Conclusions

FBLN3 suppression can mitigate periodontitis by decreasing the M1 macrophage ratio. FBLN3 regulates M1 macrophage polarization through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Plain language summary

Disruption in the collaboration between extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune system is a significant pathology in periodontitis. Macrophages are a crucial part of the immune system and have unique functions, such as polarization. Fibulin‐3, an ECM protein, may play a vital role in this dynamic interplay. Fibulin‐3 expression is elevated in periodontitis and is closely related to immune cell function. Inhibiting fibulin‐3 can alleviate periodontitis by reducing infiltration of immune cells and M1 macrophage ratio. Furthermore, fibulin‐3 promoted macrophage M1 polarization by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through EGFR binding. Our findings offer a clinically relevant rationale for immune response modulation through fibulin‐3.
Microstructure of sulfosuccinates based microemulsions
Authors: Tartaro Giuseppe , Schirone Davide , Gentile Luigi , Palazzo Gerardo
Published: December 2024

The system made by water, isooctane and a blend of Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) with its more hydrophilic homologue sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (SDHS) can give raise to Winsor I, III and II equilibria at room temperature by slight changes in salinity. The phase transitions have been tracked using diffusion NMR, and solubilized volume fractions while small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) provided insight into the characteristic lengths (ξ) within the microemulsions' structures. Our findings reveal a peculiar linear correlation between the reciprocal of these characteristic lengths (ξ−1) and the HLD values. For HLD <0, ξ−1 decreases linearly with HLD with a slope = −0.0056 Å−1 but just above HLD = 0 the slope reverses (+0.0056 Å−1) and ξ−1 increases linearly with HLD demonstrating that the HLD reflects the direction of interfacial curvature. However, at the optimal composition where the curvature is null and HLD = 0, the linear trends observed for ξ−1 below and above HLD = 0 converge at a ξ−1 value that is significantly greater than 0. This indicates that HLD is a measure of the interface/volume ratio and not of the interface curvature. This work aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between the semi‐empirical HLD equation and the spontaneous curvature of microemulsions.
Colorful Narrow‐Band Organic Polariton Light‐emitting Diodes Based on a Single Emitter
Authors: Yuan Shiyi , Guan Yuanjun , Zhao Yang , An Cunbin , Liao Bo , Gu Chunling , Sun Zheng , Liao Qing , Fu Hongbing
Published: December 2024

Organic light‐emitting diodes hold promise for producing multicolor, narrowband emissions, and high‐definition displays. However, achieving a wide color gamut and strict color purity with high fidelity in line with BT.2020 standards is challenging. Here, a method is developed that incorporates organic films into a microcavity, leading to efficient organic polariton electroluminescence. The polariton OLEDs offer several advantages, such as a low turn‐on voltage, the ability to emit in six distinct narrowband colors covering blue to red, and robustness at current densities up to 118 A cm−2. By controlling photonic components, a wide color gamut and high color purity can be achieved. Remarkably, the method enables the red‐emitting devices to overcome the challenges posed by the exciton dark state, where the oscillator strength of the exciton is negligible. This innovation has the potential to promote the realization of electrically driven organic solid‐state lasers integrated into single‐component systems for cutting‐edge display and lighting applications.
Quality Markers of Fufang Shenqi Oral Liquid Based on Integrated Fingerprint Analysis, Chemical Pattern Recognition, and Quantification
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Li Yangling , Cheng Yanwei , Nan Huiling , Wu Yuqiang , Chen Hongtao , Li Xuejian , Luo Yudong , Tan Anqiang , Chen Qing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Fufang Shenqi Oral Liquid (FFSQOL) is an important Chinese medicine compound preparation with a wide range of clinical applications, which is mainly used to regulate immune function, improve cardiovascular function, and have anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effects. At present, it is of great importance to establish the quality evaluation method of FFSQOL and to investigate its quality markers (Q‐markers).

Objectives

The aim of this study is to establish a quality evaluation method for FFSQOL and screen its Q‐markers to provide a scientific basis for its quality control.

Methods

Fourteen batches of FFSQOL were subjected to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and similarity analysis. The components of FFSQOL were identified, and their content was determined. This was combined with cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the Q‐markers of FFSQOL.

Results

In this study, an HPLC fingerprint was established for 14 batches of FFSQOL, identifying 12 common peaks and six major components. Four components were identified as stable and reproducible: gallic acid (504.94 ~ 1219.04 μg/mL), caffeic acid (452.15 ~ 783.01 μg/mL), 7‐O‐glucoside (1097.72 ~ 2440.41 μg/mL), and formononetin (176.2 ~ 177.51 μg/mL). Quality evaluation of the 14 batches was conducted using chemical pattern recognition analysis. CA results indicated two distinct groups, and PCA revealed that principal components 1 and 2 were the main factors influencing batch differences. A combination of HPLC fingerprint, content determination results, and chemical pattern recognition analysis was employed to identify Q‐markers for FFSQOL. The markers identified were gallic acid, caffeic acid, calycosin 7‐O‐glucoside, and formononetin.

Conclusion

In this study, a quality evaluation method for FFSQOL was established through the implementation of fingerprint, content determination, and chemical pattern recognition analysis, resulting in the identification of four Q‐Markers of FFSQOL, which laid the foundation for the formulation of FFSQOL quality standards.
Computational Search for Compounds with the Highest Melting Temperature in the Ternary HfC‐Based Ceramics
Authors: Peng Junhui , Tikhonov Evgenii
Published: December 2024

The melting temperature (Tm) determines the service temperature of ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs), so it is of great significance to search for compound with the highest Tm in UHTCs. In present work, the formula to calculate the Tm of UHTCs with the rock salt structure is modified first: Tm = f(c)EVm/(100kB), f(c) = 0.6412*c + 0.9947, which considers the influence of vacancy concentration (c) on the Tm. The calculated Tms are in good agreement with the experimental values of UHTCs, and the calculation accuracy exceeds 91%. The Tm could be obtained by only calculating the elastic modulus and volume per atom. Using this formula, the Tms of ternary HfC‐based UHTCs with the rock salt structure are predicted, and a new compound with the highest melting temperature, HfTa2C3, is found. Finally, the empirical relationship between the Tm and shear modulus or Vickers hardness of UHTCs with the rock salt structure is also investigated.
Carrier Tunnelings on Ultrashort‐Gate Junction‐Less Field‐Effect Transistor Designs
Authors: Sugiura Takaya
Published: December 2024

This study discusses tunneling problems encountered when designing ultrashort‐gate junction‐less field‐effect transistors (FETs). Ultrathin‐body silicon‐on‐insulator (UTB‐SOI) FETs are suitable for nano‐length gate designs owing to the augmented bandgap at channel regions. However, a comprehensive understanding of source‐to‐drain (S/D) and gate‐dielectric (G/D) tunneling is essential to ensure optimal performance and reliability. In this study, numerical simulations of UTB‐SOI FETs are conducted to reveal their effects. First, for S/D tunneling, only a p‐channel FET (PFET) is considered critical, and larger tunneling mass eases this problem. Second, for G/D tunneling, an n‐channel FET (NFET) is considered critical. Therefore, the oxide‐wall UTB‐SOI design is considered for the NFET, enabling a large and small ratios for NFET and PFET. Conversely, the conventional trenched UTB‐SOI is considered suitable for PFET. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that adopting hafnium oxide (HfO) as the oxide material renders good FET characteristics. The optimized FET designs can facilitate the minimum gate length to be 1 nm or shorter, especially for NFETs.
Direct Purification of Bell and Multipartite GHZ States via Weak Measurement
Authors: Harraz Sajede , Cong Shuang
Published: December 2024

Maximally entangled states are crucial for various quantum information processing, yet their quality suffers from entanglement loss due to decoherence. In this paper, a direct purification technique that utilizes weak measurement and requires only two copies of the entangled state is proposed. The method involves transforming the damped entangled state with weak measurements and then applying a direct purification process. This approach yields a maximally entangled state with a certain probability. In the context of Bell state purification, two weak measurement‐based operations designed to convert amplitude‐damped Bell states into the desired state for direct purification method are presented. The first operation is applied prior to the noisy channel, while the second is employed after the noisy channel. Through comprehensive analysis, the performances of these two schemes are evaluated and compared and benchmarked them against a pioneering weak measurement‐based scheme. The findings demonstrate that the proposed methods exhibit superior performance in terms of both fidelity and probability. Additionally, a novel technique for purifying multipartite amplitude‐damped Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states is introduced, which existing methods cannot address. By employing only two copies of the entangled states and harnessing the unique advantages of weak measurement operations, the method achieves both resource efficiency and effectiveness.
Evaluating the Potential of Information and Communication Technologies to Increase Aquaculture Sustainability
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Wang Xiaohui , Nan Zhang
Published: December 2024

Focusing on environmental and ecological concerns, the European Union (EU27) ranks as the world's fifth‐largest aquaculture producer. Acknowledging the necessity of enhancing productivity and competitiveness, the EU recognizes the importance of investing in the sustainability and growth of the aquaculture industry. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) elements on the development of the aquaculture sector within the European Union (EU13) and the European Union (EU14) from 1990 to 2023. To address potential endogeneity issues, this research employs Cross‐Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS‐ARDL) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators. The findings reveal significant insights. It is evident that, in comparison to emerging EU13 countries, developed EU14 countries place greater importance on ICT, human capital, and governance in facilitating the growth of the aquaculture industry. On the other hand, compared to EU14 developed countries, carbon dioxide emissions seem to be a major contributor to the deterioration of the aquaculture sector in EU13 developing countries. It is advised that policymakers in the EU13 countries give priority to projects that support ICT development, improve human capital, and put in place efficient governance procedures in light of these results. The EU14 countries' officials are encouraged to concentrate on promoting economic development in the aquatic industry and easing the anticipated expansion of aquaculture in the interim.
A Binary siRNA‐Loaded Tetrahedral DNA Nanobox for Synergetic Anti‐Aging Therapy
Authors: Yue Ziqi , Yang Yichen , Nie Lulingxiao , Sun Yuezhang , Wang Qi , Lin Yunfeng , Gao Yang , Cai Xiaoxiao
Published: December 2024

Extensive accumulation of senescent cells contributes to organismal aging, and slowing down the process of cellular senescence may ameliorate age‐related pathologies. Targeted inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is found to suppress the conversion of cells to senescence. The regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR (Raptor), a key component of mTORC1, has been implicated as important in the aging process, and its druggability deserves to be investigated. Due to high efficiency and high convenience in drug construction, siRNA shows great potential in silencing Raptor expression via RNA interfering therapy. Here, we developed a functionalized anti‐aging nanoplatform based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) encapsulating siRNA targeting Raptor for synergistic anti‐aging therapy, named siR‐TDNbox. Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of TDN beneficially attenuate age‐associated inflammation while serving as siRNA nanocarrier, and thus play a binary role. The results suggest that the siR‐TDNbox binary therapeutic nanoplatform has demonstrated an excellent ability to delay aging, inhibit mTORC1 signaling, and extend lifespan. This anti‐aging nanoplatform may provide a medium for the combined application of traditional senotherapeutic drugs and promote the upgrading of nanomaterials with anti‐aging effects.
Erving Goffman at 100: A Chameleon Seen as a Rorschach Test within a Kaleidoscope
Authors: Marx Gary T.
Published: December 2024

The 100th anniversary of Erving Goffman's birth was in 2022. Drawing on his work, the Goffman archives, the secondary literature, and personal experiences with him and those in his university of Chicago cohort, I reflect on some implications of his work and life, and the inseparable issues of understanding society. This paper seeks to make some sense of the highly varied, often conflicting, characterizations of Goffman. He was the ultimate Rorschach test in a kaleidoscope, ever ready to be turned (or turning himself) to a different angle, which, even then, does not guarantee that observers will draw the same conclusions. I identify 14 contrasting characterizations of his work (e.g., map maker‐theorist/hypothesizer; structure functionalist‐symbolic interactionist; conservative‐liberal; outsider‐insider) and note ways of connecting, or at least making sense of, diverse perspectives. I explore two of the categories—politics and outsider‐insider—in detail and discuss an appendix on sociology of information issues involving privacy and publicity with respect to intellectual biography.
WD‐XRF Determination of Gold in Geological Samples: An Eco‐Friendly Pre‐Concentration Method
Authors: Maurya Ashok Kumar , Deb Barman Piyali , Kumar Abhishek , Yadav Upendra , Pandey Ashish Kumar
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a novel approach for gold analysis in soil and rock samples using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. The method offers advantages over traditional techniques like fire assay and MIBK extraction by being less labor‐intensive, environmentally friendly, and achieving lower limits of detection of 20–70 μg/kg depending on matrix of sample. The method involves pre‐concentration steps including aqua regia digestion, evaporation of filtrate and pressed pellet preparation, followed by WD‐XRF analysis to quantify gold content. The instrumental parameters for optimal signal‐to‐background ratio were determined. To ensure precise measurements, the calibration curve was created using specially made pressed pellets of gold‐spiked hematite ore samples. These samples contained known amounts of gold and matched the matrix of the pellets being analyzed. The proposed method demonstrates good accuracy and precision, making it a viable alternative for gold exploration and mining activities.
Ward Design, Coercion and Aggression in Psychiatric (Intensive) Care
Authors: van der Kruijff Eric Noorthoorn , van der Schaaf Petra , Doedens Paul , Lamers Bas , Thomas Bart
Published: December 2024

The healing environment is a social psychological concept developed in the 1970s and 1980s for general hospital wards. In the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries, these concepts were introduced in mental health care in the architectural design of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). This chapter first provides a historical overview of the concept of PICUs, then a historical overview of the healing environment. This is followed by a selection of studies looking into the association of ward design with mental health and some studies relating aggression to ward design. To wrap up, we provide an example of redesigning a PICU from the perspective of an architect and a ward nurse.
Safety and Security: A Delicate Balance
Authors: Doedens Paul , Wikman Sofia , Kuper Hadassah , Bilgin Hülya
Published: December 2024

Safety and security are essential concepts for everyone involved in mental health care. Safety means the absence of potential harm, while security refers to the protection against deliberate, external threats. The focus on the management of safety and security changes from Safety-I (avoiding that something goes wrong) to Safety-II (ensuring that everything goes right). Due to societal dilemmas, clinical practice needs to address safety and security for everyone involved in mental services, instead of primarily safety and security of professionals. The primary focus of safety management should be on relational safety and security, instead of procedural and environmental safety and security. Several organisational innovations, such as High Intensive Care, Six Core Strategies, and Safewards, assist in ensuring safety and security for all involved. People working or staying in mental health wards need to be safe and secure but also need to feel safe and secure.
Pharmacological Approaches for Managing Inpatient Aggression
Authors: Mistler Lisa A. , Baker John A. , Mihai Adriana
Published: December 2024

Despite the high prevalence of use, evidence for the efficacy of the pharmacological management of aggressive inpatient behaviour is currently lacking. As such, when psychiatric emergencies occur and medications become necessary, medication should be as non-traumatic and non-coercive as possible and client preference should guide choice of type and route of administration of medication. A broad range of pharmacological approaches to manage psychiatric inpatient aggression has been investigated and are described in this chapter. We briefly summarise pertinent systematic reviews and guidelines and recommend general approaches to manage inpatient aggression based on these. Behavioural and pharmacological management of aggression on psychiatric wards ideally involves patients as partners as early in the process as possible.
Coercion in Contemporary Mental Health Services: Key Concepts, Historical Development and Contextual Factors
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , de Almeida José Miguel Caldas , Richter Dirk , Whittington Richard
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we introduce some of the key ideas relating to the use of coercion in mental health services around the world. This introduction focuses upon clarifying the key terms in the area, providing an historical overview of the topic, and considering current evidence on contextual factors which are linked to high and low rates of coercion. We also consider attempts to estimate coercion rates in different countries around the world and start to examine the question of whether coercion can ever be justified on the basis of ‘best interest’. Finally, we note some of the interventions which have shown the most promise in enabling organisations to reduce their reliance on coercive interventions and move towards a fully human rights-based approach to mental health care. This chapter therefore provides a basis for consideration of the many issues raised throughout this volume.
Reducing Involuntary Admissions
Authors: Maguire Jim , Hatling Trond , Kjus Solveig
Published: December 2024

Involuntary admission or detention of persons is a controversial though widespread practice in modern mental health services. Accordingly, for decades now, there have been calls and initiatives to try to reduce the practice. Human rights-based mental health care has gained considerable momentum in recent decades and integral to that approach is the push for reduction or abolition of coercive practices within psychiatry. A key juncture in this movement has been the formulation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006, in particular, articles 12 and 14, which call respectively for equal recognition of persons with disabilities before the law, and for those persons not to be deprived of their liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. This chapter discusses the concept and practice of involuntary admission, and the views and experiences of some who have assisted with, or who have been subject to such admissions. It considers some of the authoritative stipulations of the CRPD and the feasibility of implementing them in legislation and practice. Concepts of advance directives and supported versus substitute decision-making are analysed. It looks at justifications offered for the continued use of involuntary admission and concludes with an examination of the better known initiatives to reduce involuntary detention rates.
Optimising Policy Synergies: The Role of Tax Incentives in International Trade and Investment
Authors: Chaisse Julien
Published: December 2024

This chapter comprehensively analyses tax incentives and their impacts on trade and investment, focusing on the need to balance policy objectives in different jurisdictions. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between tax incentives and foreign direct investment (FDI) within the international legal framework governed by Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), World Trade Organisation’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), and Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs). It examines the concept of performance requirements and their role in tax-incentive policies, emphasising the lessons learned and implications for modern BITs. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the development of appropriate institutions for tax incentives, highlighting the importance of identifying incentives and requirements tailored to local economies. It delves into the interplay among BITs, TRIMs, and ASCM, providing insights into designing tax incentive regimes that strike a balance between promoting investments, safeguarding trade interests, and ensuring equitable outcomes. The chapter also addresses the future of tax incentives and performance requirements, advocating the adoption of naturally attractive incentives, promoting stability and predictability in tax incentive regimes, and fostering transparency and accountability to build trust and credibility. By employing a qualitative approach and comparative analysis, this chapter offers a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay among international legal frameworks, national policy objectives, and strategic choices in economic development paths. It concludes by presenting major legal lessons derived from the analysis and emphasising the need for a balanced and context-specific approach to tax incentives. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, legal scholars, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of tax incentives and to contribute to the development of sustainable and inclusive economies while complying with international legal obligations.
Kompetenz- und Bedarfsoptimierte Lehrstrategie
Authors: Strasser Alexandra , Motzet Rudolf , Stahl Karsten
Published: December 2024

Seit der Covid-19-Pandemie wird den Lehrenden immer wieder empfohlen, das Beste aus den zwei Welten „Online-“ und „Präsenz“-Lehre in die eigene Lehre zu integrieren. Aber woran erkennen Lehrende, an welcher Stelle sich eher analoge, digitale, asynchrone oder synchrone Lehrelemente anbieten? Ziel des Projekts „NewNormal – Kompetenz- und Bedarfsoptimierte Lehrstrategie“ war es, hierfür kriterienbasierte Empfehlungen zu entwickeln. Grundgedanke des Projekts war es, den Digitalisierungsgrad der Lehrvermittlung an den Bedürfnissen der Studierenden, den zu erwerbenden Kompetenzen und dem Studienverlauf anzupassen. Bei den Bedürfnissen werden die drei Grundbedürfnisse soziale Eingebundenheit, Kompetenzerleben und Autonomie nach Ryan und Deci (2000) verwendet. Es wird vermutet, dass diese je nach Phase im Studium unterschiedlich wichtig sind. Erprobt und evaluiert wurden diese Annahmen im Grundlagenstudium des Bachelorstudiengangs Maschinenwesen an der TUM. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass sowohl die Studierenden als auch die Lehrenden mit der Wahl der Lehrformate zufrieden sind und das Gefühl haben, dass die gewählten Formate gut geeignet für die Vermittlung der jeweilig angestrebten Kompetenzen sind. Darüber hinaus liefern sie Hinweise dafür, dass die Berücksichtigung der Bedürfnisse der Studierenden ein wichtiger Faktor für die Zufriedenheit und Motivation der Studierenden ist.
Portfolio-Prüfungen – die Patentlösung für kompetenzorientiertes Prüfen?
Authors: Fischer Sabine , Jung Simone , Fisch Karina
Published: December 2024

Portfolio-Prüfungen werden immer beliebter. Das Projekt THDKomPort an der Technischen Hochschule Deggendorf hat Portfolio-Prüfungen im Rahmen verschiedener Pilotveranstaltungen evaluiert. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden konstatiert: Je nach Ausgestaltung der Lehrveranstaltung ergeben sich positive Effekte auf das studentische Lernen. Portfolio-Prüfungen gehen jedoch mit einem höheren Workload für Studierende und Lehrende einher. Insgesamt wurde das Potenzial von Portfolio-Prüfungen in den Pilotveranstaltungen nicht immer voll ausgeschöpft. Portfolio-Prüfungen sind ein gutes Instrument für Kompetenzorientiertes Prüfen, wenn Lehrveranstaltungen im Sinne von Constructive Alignment geplant und höhere Kompetenzniveaus abgebildet werden. Portfolio-Prüfungen werden daher vor allem für Lehrveranstaltungen, bei denen ein breites Spektrum an Kompetenzen in höheren kognitiven Niveaus erworben werden soll, empfohlen. Voraussetzung ist zudem eine Sensibilisierung der Lehrenden für Constructive Alignment.
Explainable automated debugging via large language model-driven scientific debugging
Authors: Kang Sungmin , Chen Bei , Yoo Shin , Lou Jian-Guang
Published: December 2024

Automated debugging techniques have the potential to reduce developer effort in debugging. However, while developers want rationales for the provided automatic debugging results, existing techniques are ill-suited to provide them, as their deduction process differs significantly froof human developers. Inspired by the way developers interact with code when debugging, we propose Automated Scientific Debugging (AutoSD), a technique that prompts large language models to automatically generate hypotheses, uses debuggers to interact with buggy code, and thus automatically reach conclusions prior to patch generation. In doing so, we aim to produce explanations of how a specific patch has been generated, with the hope that these explanations will lead to enhanced developer decision-making. Our empirical analysis on three program repair benchmarks shows that AutoSDperforms competitively with other program repair baselines, and that it can indicate when it is confident in its results. Furthermore, we perform a human study with 20 participants to evaluate AutoSD-generated explanations. Participants with access to explanations judged patch correctness more accurately in five out of six real-world bugs studied. Furthermore, 70% of participants answered that they wanted explanations when using repair tools, and 55% answered that they were satisfied with the Scientific Debugging presentation.
Group Decision Making in Multiobjective Optimization: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pajasmaa Juuso , Miettinen Kaisa , Silvennoinen Johanna
Published: December 2024

Group decision making has been studied from several viewpoints and a variety of methods has been proposed. However, in the literature on solving multiobjective optimization problems, the main focus has been on supporting a single decision maker. We conducted a systematic literature review to examine and synthesize the state-of-the-art of multiobjective optimization methods developed for group decision making. We analyze group decision making methods of multiobjective optimization according to how preferences of several decision makers are incorporated into the solution process, how to select the most preferred solution for the group, different types of decision makers, types of groups and how the group is to operate during the solution process. In addition, we identify the key issues in the literature that are required to be considered in further method development to increase the methods’ applicability in solving real-world problems. Finally, we guide how to select a method for solving real-world multiobjective optimization problems with multiple decision makers and suggest future research directions.
Accelerated life in academic capitalism: PhD student’s time experience in project work
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Huang Jinghui
Published: December 2024

In the context of accelerated knowledge production, projectification is a typical form of work under academic capitalism, profoundly reshaping the practice and conditions of academic research. The doctoral students’ experience of time in research projects contributes to understand the consequences of the extension of the time system within projectification to the doctoral student in academic capitalism. Based on semi-structured interviews with 12 doctoral students, this article explores what kind of discomforts and difficulties pose for doctoral students caused by time constraints in projects and how they cope with the challenges. Employing 4C (Compress, Commodification, Control, Colonisation) model of project time, four patterns of negative effects caused by time conflicts are summarised. By the lens of value orientation, considering four modes of strategies to time tension depending on whether achievement-oriented or self-care-oriented, students are identified as Balancers, Realists, the Resilient, and Avoiders. This article develops the application of the 4C model in doctoral students’ academic time regimes and the four modes of their strategies, which contributes to an understanding of doctoral students’ perceptions of temporal tension in projectification and their initiative embedded in structural conditions of the academic capitalism.