bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A construção de projetos por educandos do ensino médio: uma possibilidade para a educação CTS
Authors: Carvalho Pacheco Lucas , Muenchen Cristiane
Published: April 2024

São diversas as pesquisas no campo educacional que constatam as potencialidades da abordagem com temas em sala de aula, em especial as abordagens que promovam a alfabetização científica e tecnológica, como a Educação CTS. Nesta perspectiva, foi implementado, em uma escola pública estadual de educação básica, no município de Santa Maria/RS, um conjunto de aulas de física com o tema “A expansão do bairro Camobi e os impactos da construção civil nas mudanças climáticas”. A implementação ocorreu no âmbito do estágio supervisionado de um licenciando em física e foi dividida em duas unidades temáticas, sendo elas: i) “De que forma a expansão do bairro Camobi e, consequentemente, a Construção civil impactam nas mudanças climáticas?”; e, ii) “O tipo de habitação interfere no bairro Camobi?”. Para cada uma dessas unidades temáticas, os educandos tiveram que construir e apresentar um projeto. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho é norteado pelo seguinte problema: de que forma a construção e a apresentação de projetos por educandos do Ensino Médio auxiliam na formação educacional almejada pela perspectiva da Educação CTS? Para responder a este problema, o presente relato foi balizado por uma discussão a partir dos parâmetros e propósitos brasileiros da Educação CTS, elencados por Strieder e Kawamura. Dentre os resultados obtidos, observou-se que a construção de projetos estimulou a discussão das implicações sociais e éticas relacionadas ao uso da ciência e da tecnologia, promoveu o interesse dos educandos em relacionar a ciência com aspectos tecnológicos e sociais, além de proporcionar uma compreensão mais crítica do papel da ciência e do trabalho científico.
Generando vías para el mejoramiento de la formación docente en la enseñanza de la física cuántica
Authors: González Eduardo , Fernández Patricia , Solbes Jordi
Published: April 2024

Se plantean algunos interrogantes actuales sobre las orientaciones de Enseñanza de la Física Cuántica en un marco teórico de construcción social de conocimientos. Se presentan resultados de avances provenientes de diferentes investigaciones que permitieron encontrar tanto nudos de dificultad como posibilidades de superación de lo que serían una suerte de concepciones previas en Física Cuántica, mostrando resultados de avance en aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos. Estos estudios se basan en encuestas, entrevistas, demandas y producciones didácticas de docentes en formación. Se trazan perspectivas de investigación sobre diferentes vías de acceso o ejes de desarrollo. No se trata de aspectos excluyentes y separados, sino más bien de un complejo de procesos que deben ser adecuadamente entrelazados y secuenciados. Ellas son: a) la utilización de la Historia de la Física Cuántica, con sus componentes epistémicos, ontológicos, contextuales y sociales, b) el tratamiento de las cuestiones tecnológicas y experimentales junto a una visión crítica sobre su impacto social y, c) los aspectos formales y matemáticos. Se plantea la trasposición didáctica tomando en cuenta los contextos, la evolución de los modelos tratados, la utilización de múltiples recursos y la formación docente.
The Evaluation of Training Oral and Maxillofacial Trainees in Head and Neck Cancer Doctor-Patient Communication Using the Patient Concerns Inventory
Authors: Walshaw Emma G. , Rogers Simon , Wu Jianhua , Sandars John , Kanatas Anastasios
Published: April 2024

Head and neck cancer has a significant impact on a patient’s health related quality of life (HRQOL). The head and neck specific Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI-HN) has been utilised to enhance doctor-patient dialogue in routine consultations. To date there has been no formal training for oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) surgical trainees in the use of the PCI-HN in consultations. The aim of the study was to evaluate training for OMFS surgical trainees in the use of the PCI-HN, using simulated follow-up HNC consultations, in order to improve doctor-patient communication skills. Material and methods: Ten oral and maxillofacial surgical trainees completed actor simulated HNC consultations before and after training. A study-specific mark scheme was developed based on the ComOn-Coaching rating scales and used to score the doctor-patient interaction. A group debrief afterwards explored the trainee’s experiences of the training and consultations. Results: All trainees showed an improvement in doctor-patient communication scores following their training. Overall, the six participants who were Specialty registrars, year 3 (ST3) or above, scored higher, than the four Specialty registrars, year 1–2 (ST1-2). The scores were higher if fewer PCI-HN items were discussed (3–4). The most frequently avoided PCI-HN items were intimacy and relationships. The trainees considered that their training was useful for organising their consultations and for providing holistic care. Conclusion: Although training improved surgeon-patient communication, further evaluation is required with a larger number of trainees and actual consultations in clinic.
Examining the significance of arginine vasopressin release to elucidate the often multifactorial etiology of hypotonic hyponatremia: A novel criterion
Authors: Voets Philip J. G. M.
Published: April 2024

Clinical hyponatremia guidelines, protocols and flowcharts are a convenient means for clinicians to quickly establish an etiological diagnosis for hyponatremia, and facilitate its often complex analysis. Unfortunately, they often erroneously attribute multifactorial hyponatremia to a single cause, which is potentially dangerous. In this manuscript, a novel criterion is proposed to quickly determine the physiological relevance of non‐osmotic arginine vasopressin (AVP) release, and to add nuance to hyponatremia analysis. While analyzing hypotonic hyponatremia, it is imperative to not only verify whether or not a certain degree of inappropriate AVP release is present, but also to ascertain whether it—in itself—could sufficiently explain the observed hyponatremia, as these two are not always synonymous. Using well‐known concepts from renal physiology to combine the electrolyte‐free water balance and solute‐free water balance, a novel physiological criterion is derived mathematically to easily distinguish three common hyponatremia scenarios, and to further elucidate the underlying etiology. The derived criterion can hopefully facilitate the clinician's and physiologist's interpretation of plasma and urine parameters in a patient presenting with hyponatremia, and warn against the important clinical pitfall of attributing hyponatremia too readily to a single cause.
PRORETA 5 – building blocks for automated urban driving enhancing city road safety
Authors: Popp Christoph , Serov Andreas , Glatzki Felix , Ziegler Christoph , Olaru Andreea-Iulia , Maldonado Jaime , Clemens Joachim , Adamy Jürgen , Arbitmann Maxim , Leon Florin , Peters Steven , Schill Kerstin , Schräbler Sighard , Winner Hermann
Published: April 2024

In the joint research project PRORETA 5, building blocks for automated driving in urban areas have been developed, implemented, and tested. The developed blocks involve an object tracking for cars, bicycles, and pedestrians that feeds a multimodal object prediction which is able to predict the traffic participants’ most likely trajectories. Then, an anytime tree-based planning algorithm calculates the vehicle’s desired path. Finally, logic-based safety functions ensure a collision-free trajectory for the ego vehicle. The mentioned building blocks were integrated and tested in a prototype vehicle in urban scenarios. Furthermore, a novel general framework for specifying and testing traffic rule compliance has been developed. In this paper, the automated driving concept of PRORETA 5 is introduced and the developed methods are briefly explained.
Ein Konzept zum automatisierten Rangieren von Fahrzeugen mit Anhängern
Authors: Dahlmann Julian , Völz Andreas , Graichen Knut
Published: April 2024

Die Automatisierung von Fahrzeuggespannen bedarf einer präzisen Manöverplanung, um das Gespann kollisionsfrei von einem initialen Zustand in einen gewünschten Zustand zu überführen. Durch Wahl einer Architektur, welche die Stärken verschiedener Planungsverfahren kombiniert, kann ein effizientes Zusammenspiel aus lokaler und globaler Trajektorienplanung erzielt werden. Die resultierende globale Lösung wird anschließend mit einem optimalen Geschwindigkeitsprofil versehen und die gewünschten Fahreigenschaften mittels Verfahren der numerischen Optimierung umgesetzt.
Evaluation of analytical performance of AQUIOS CL flow cytometer and method comparison with bead-based flow cytometry methods
Authors: Chiron Andrada S. , Locher Lucy , Sarthou Aurélie , Gleizes Aude , Krzysiek Roman , Chretien Pascale , Hacein-Bey-Abina Salima
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Given that method validation is mandatory for compliance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15,189 standard requirements, we evaluated the analytical performance of the AQUIOS CL system (Beckman Coulter) and compared it with two bead-based flow cytometry (FCM) protocols (BD FACSCAntoTM-II and Beckman Coulter DxFLEX). There are no comparative literature data on standardized protocols for counting lymphocyte subsets on the new-generation cytometer DxFLEX.

Methods

We evaluated the AQUIOS CL’s performance with regard to accuracy, linearity and stability by using dedicated control cell samples and patient samples. We also compared the lymphocyte counts measured on the AQUIOS CL (n=69 samples) with those measured on the BD FACSCAntoTM-II and DxFLEX FCM systems. For 61 samples, FCM results were compared with those measured on the XN-3000 Sysmex hematology analyzer.

Results

AQUIOS CL showed acceptable performance – even outside the manufacturer’s quantification ranges- and strong correlations with bead-based FCM methods. The FCM techniques and the XN-3000 gave similar absolute lymphocyte counts, although values in samples with intense lymphocytosis (B cell lymphoma/leukemia) were underestimated.

Conclusions

The AQUIOS CL flow cytometer is a time-saving, single-platform system with good performance, especially when the manufacturer’s instructions for use are followed. However, AQUIOS CL’s possible limitations and pitfalls impose validation of a bead-based FCM method for immunophenotyping verification or as a back-up system. Although the DxFLEX flow cytometer is more time-consuming to use, it can provide standardized lymphocyte subset counts in case of aberrant results on AQUIOS CL or in the event of equipment failure.
Effect of silver nanoparticles formulated by Silybum marianum on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Wei Lingyun , Wang Wenzhen , Feng Na , Qiao Si
Published: April 2024

Urinary incontinence is the major sign of menopause genitourinary syndrome and is usually related to the sexual dysfunctions. Fifty percent of menopausal women have menopausal urinary tract. Menopause genitourinary syndrome is a hypoestrogenic condition with external sexual, urological, and genital implications. The production of estrogen decline after menopause is an important parameter for urinary incontinence. Recently, nanotechnology has been applied as a remedial option for the genitourinary disease treatment. Silver nanoparticles were mediated by the Silybum marianum aqueous extract for the menopausal urinary incontinence treatment in ovariectomized rats in the current experiment. The green-formulated AgNPs@Silybum marianum were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and UV–Vis. The SEM findings prove the spherical morphology with size of 15–60 nm. The ovariectomized rats were treated by AgNPs@Silybum marianum (5 and 20 µg/kg/day) for 56 days. According to the results, AgNPs@Silybum marianum increased the urinary bladder weight and reduced the body weights in comparison with the untreated rats. AgNPs@Silybum marianum rats indicated a dose-dependent amelioration for the acetylcholine contraction index. AgNPs@Silybum marianum also ameliorated the levels of serum 17β-estradiol, urinary bladder hydroxyproline, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALP, AST, and ALT in the ovariectomized rats. Based on the experiment results, the recent formulation may be applied for the menopausal urinary incontinence treatment in humans after performing the clinical research.
Equations and methodologies of inlet drainage system discharge coefficients: A review
Authors: Zaiter Ali , Sabtu Nuridah , Almaliki Doaa F.
Published: April 2024

Accurate determination of grate inlet discharge coefficients is crucial in reducing modeling uncertainties and mitigating urban flooding hazards. This review critically examines the methods, equations, and recommendations for determining the weir/orifice discharge coefficients, based on the inlet parameters and flow conditions. Reviewing previous studies for inlets showed that the discharge coefficient of rectangular inlets under subcritical flow ranges from 0.53 to 0.6 for weirs and from 0.4 to 0.46 for orifices, while in grated circular inlets, it falls between 0.115 and 0.372 for weirs and between 0.349 and 2.038 for orifices. For circular non-grated inlets under subcritical flow, the weir and orifice coefficients are in the range of 0.493–0.587 and 0.159–0.174, respectively. However, the orifice discharge coefficients of grated and non-grated inlets with unknown Froude number range between 0.14–0.39 and 0.677–0.82, respectively. For supercritical flow, the weir and orifice discharge coefficients of grated and non-grated rectangular inlets are 0.03–0.47 and 1.67–2.68, respectively. Previous studies showed that it is recommended to correlate the discharge coefficients with the approaching flow and Froude number under subcritical and supercritical flows, respectively. Yet, additional studies are recommended for a better understanding of the limits and parameters governing the flow transitional stage between weir and orifice and between subcritical and supercritical conditions. Moreover, further research is required to determine the weir and orifice discharge coefficients of circular inlets under supercritical flow as well as the orifice discharge coefficient range of rectangular non-grated inlets under subcritical flow. Finally, it is recommended to increase the road surface roughness to reduce Froude number, and thereby, increase discharge coefficients of street inlets. The aim of this review is to help inlet designers and authorities promote sustainable cities with resilient urban drainage systems and reduce the environmental, economic, health, and social impacts of urban drainage failure.
The Regulation of Cryptocurrency in China
Authors: Hu Jiye
Published: April 2024

As a distributed ledger technology (DLT) application, cryptocurrency has impacted the current financial legal relationship, and its regulation is becoming increasingly important. Some international organizations and countries have ratified laws and regulations concerning cryptocurrency. However, the supervision and regulation of cryptocurrency in China are still encountered some problems, such as consumer protection, the opposition between the global asset flow and the supervision of a single sovereign state, and the difficulty in determining the subject of legal responsibility. To seek solutions to these problems in China, the primary task is to define the legal attribute of cryptocurrency, to balance blockchain innovation and financial risk. At the same time, the regulatory sandbox can be used to regulate blockchain-based cryptocurrency. Among others, the core regulatory measures are establishing the technical standard access system, financing audit registration system, and investor suitability management system of blockchain financial enterprises.
Variations on the models of Carnot irreversible thermomechanical engine
Authors: Feidt Michel , Costea Monica
Published: April 2024

The JETC Conference held in Salerno (June 12–17, 2023) was the opportunity to honor the two centuries anniversary of the booklet publication of Sadi Carnot. The paper reports on a selective review summarizing the evolution of the ideas and concepts proposed by Carnot. We consider mainly: a. The Carnot cycle relative to thermomechanical engine, b. The concept of efficiency (Carnot efficiency), c. The forms of energy (thermal energy or heat, Q, and mechanical energy or work, W), d. The concept of entropy, rediscovered and completed by Clausius. We show the importance of the energy conversion irreversibilities that started to be considered more recently by two methods, namely, the ratio method and the entropy production method. The second approach provides more significant results from a global point of view, also with more local modeling (cycle process modeling). Some examples are given that illustrate the proposal: Carnot cycle in endo-irreversible or exo-reversible configuration, Chambadal modeling, Curzon–Ahlborn modeling. More generally, the modeling is done in the frame of FTT (Finite Time Thermodynamics), FST (Finite Speed Thermodynamics), or FDOT (Finite physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics). Preliminary conclusions and perspectives are proposed.
Carbon materials derived by crystalline porous materials for capacitive energy storage
Authors: Wang Hang , Li Yiting , Wang Longyu , Jin Jieting
Published: April 2024

The controlled synthesis of precise carbon nanostructures with high electron conductivity, high reaction activity, and structural stability plays a significant role in practical applications yet largely unmet. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and coordination polymers (CPs) as crystalline porous materials (CPMs) have shown extraordinary porosity, tremendous structural diversity, and highly ordered pores, offering a platform for precise controlled carbon materials (CMs) with regular porous structures and high performances. Some recent studies have shown that CMs derived from CPMs with high specific surface area, superior chemical stability, excellent electrical conductivity offer a great opportunity for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this review, we summarize recent milestones of CPMs derived CMs in the field of capacitive energy storage. We hope the more precise design and control at the atomic level of CPMs could provide us a constructive view of the structure-activity relationship between CMs and electrochemical capacitors, as well as future trends and prospects.
Frames as pre-signal context: using a semiotic framing approach to explain how prior experiences shape present interpretations of control signals
Authors: Aitken Adam
Published: April 2024

Innes’s “control signals” provides a semiotic perspective for explaining how acts of social control send “signals” about the effectiveness of security mechanisms. A cross-cutting theme infers that “culture and situation matter” in the reception of signals. However, the control signals concept does not explicitly consider the influence that prior experiences may have on present interpretations. Drawing on qualitative research into how members of a residential community perceived control measures within their everyday environment for Glasgow’s 2014 Commonwealth Games, this article outlines the importance of the “pre-signalling” context in influencing how control signals are received. Goffman’s “frame analysis” is used as part of a semiotic framing approach to demonstrate that control signals are framed (or pre-signalled) by the history of relations between sender and receiver of the signal (for example, police and residents).
On some novel solitonic structures for the Zhiber–Shabat model in modern physics
Authors: Alhefthi Reem K. , Tariq Kalim U. , Bekir Ahmet , Ahmed Arslan
Published: April 2024

In this article, the modified Kudryashov and extended simple equation methods are employed to obtain analytical solutions for the Zhiber–Shabat problem. The outcomes of this study clearly indicate that the provided methodologies are appropriate techniques for generating some new exact solutions for nonlinear evolution equations. Furthermore, the nature of the solutions would be presented in three dimensions for various parameters applying the most advanced scientific instruments. The physical behavior of the solutions are graphically displayed, and it is established that the acquired solutions are newly constructed in the form of bright, dark, optical, singular, and bell-shaped periodic soliton wave structures. The properties of the nonlinear model have been illustrated using 3D, 2D, and contour plots by selecting an appropriate set of parameters, which is demonstrated to visualize the physical structures more productively. Finally, it is concluded that similar strategies can also be implemented to study many contemporary models. To the best of our knowledge, the current work presents a novel case study that has not been previously studied in order to generate several new solutions to the governing model appearing in diverse disciplines. The results show that the strategies that have been employed are more effective and capable than the traditional methods found in previous research.
Calibration of Boundary-Type Earth Pressure Cells with Sand
Authors: Bishnoi Dinesh , Patil Vikas , Dasaka S. M.
Published: April 2024

Earth pressure cells (EPCs) are a major part of any instrumentation project, whether in the field or laboratory. The reliability of EPC output mainly depends on its calibration before its installation. The calibration chart provided by manufacturers cannot be used directly because their charts are developed by applying fluid pressure, but when sand is used as contact material, EPCs’ response changes significantly. The major factor that causes deviation of EPC response in fluid and sand is that in fluid calibration, the applied load is fully transferred to EPC, irrespective of the size of the chamber, but for sand, the applied load and load reaching EPC are different because of arching, intergranular friction, and sidewall friction in a calibration chamber. In the present study, an in-house calibration chamber is developed to calibrate boundary-type EPC with Grade II sand as contact material. A load cell is attached just below the EPC to measure the actual load, which is reaching at EPC location. The output of EPC is correlated with load cell output rather than applied loading to determine calibration values of EPC for reliable measurements. A methodology for correcting the calibration factor of EPC is proposed and the effect of sidewall friction and sand layer thickness as well as the effect of load cell placement is discussed. The calibration factor of EPC is found to be dependent on the sand layer thickness and sidewall friction. It is recommended to calibrate boundary-type EPC by the proposed method along with the use of friction reduction measures.
Differential Modulation of Local Field Potentials in the Primary and Premotor Cortices during Ipsilateral and Contralateral Reach to Grasp in Macaque Monkeys
Authors: Falaki Ali , Quessy Stephan , Dancause Numa
Published: April 2024

Hand movements are associated with modulations of neuronal activity across several interconnected cortical areas, including the primary motor cortex (M1) and the dorsal and ventral premotor cortices (PMd and PMv). Local field potentials (LFPs) provide a link between neuronal discharges and synaptic inputs. Our current understanding of how LFPs vary in M1, PMd, and PMv during contralateral and ipsilateral movements is incomplete. To help reveal unique features in the pattern of modulations, we simultaneously recorded LFPs in these areas in two macaque monkeys performing reach and grasp movements with either the right or left hand. The greatest effector-dependent differences were seen in M1, at low (≤13 Hz) and γ frequencies. In premotor areas, differences related to hand use were only present in low frequencies. PMv exhibited the greatest increase in low frequencies during instruction cues and the smallest effector-dependent modulation during movement execution. In PMd, δ oscillations were greater during contralateral reach and grasp, and β activity increased during contralateral grasp. In contrast, β oscillations decreased in M1 and PMv. These results suggest that while M1 primarily exhibits effector-specific LFP activity, premotor areas compute more effector-independent aspects of the task requirements, particularly during movement preparation for PMv and production for PMd. The generation of precise hand movements likely relies on the combination of complementary information contained in the unique pattern of neural modulations contained in each cortical area. Accordingly, integrating LFPs from premotor areas and M1 could enhance the performance and robustness of brain-machine interfaces.
Distinctive and Complementary Roles of Default Mode Network Subsystems in Semantic Cognition
Authors: Shao Ximing , Krieger-Redwood Katya , Zhang Meichao , Hoffman Paul , Lanzoni Lucilla , Leech Robert , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

The default mode network (DMN) typically deactivates to external tasks, yet supports semantic cognition. It comprises medial temporal (MT), core, and frontotemporal (FT) subsystems, but its functional organization is unclear: the requirement for perceptual coupling versus decoupling, input modality (visual/verbal), type of information (social/spatial), and control demands all potentially affect its recruitment. We examined the effect of these factors on activation and deactivation of DMN subsystems during semantic cognition, across four task-based human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets, and localized these responses in whole-brain state space defined by gradients of intrinsic connectivity. FT showed activation consistent with a central role across domains, tasks, and modalities, although it was most responsive to abstract, verbal tasks; this subsystem uniquely showed more “tuned” states characterized by increases in both activation and deactivation when semantic retrieval demands were higher. MT also activated to both perceptually coupled (scenes) and decoupled (autobiographical memory) tasks and showed stronger responses to picture associations, consistent with a role in scene construction. Core DMN consistently showed deactivation, especially to externally oriented tasks. These diverse contributions of DMN subsystems to semantic cognition were related to their location on intrinsic connectivity gradients: activation was closer to the sensory-motor cortex than deactivation, particularly for FT and MT, while activation for core DMN was distant from both visual cortex and cognitive control. These results reveal distinctive yet complementary DMN responses: MT and FT support different memory-based representations that are accessed externally and internally, while deactivation in core DMN is associated with demanding, external semantic tasks.
Impaired Cortical Tracking of Speech in Children with Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Nora Anni , Rinkinen Oona , Renvall Hanna , Service Elisabet , Arkkila Eva , Smolander Sini , Laasonen Marja , Salmelin Riitta
Published: April 2024

In developmental language disorder (DLD), learning to comprehend and express oneself with spoken language is impaired, but the reason for this remains unknown. Using millisecond-scale magnetoencephalography recordings combined with machine learning models, we investigated whether the possible neural basis of this disruption lies in poor cortical tracking of speech. The stimuli were common spoken Finnish words (e.g., dog, car, hammer) and sounds with corresponding meanings (e.g., dog bark, car engine, hammering). In both children with DLD (10 boys and 7 girls) and typically developing (TD) control children (14 boys and 3 girls), aged 10–15 years, the cortical activation to spoken words was best modeled as time-locked to the unfolding speech input at ∼100 ms latency between sound and cortical activation. Amplitude envelope (amplitude changes) and spectrogram (detailed time-varying spectral content) of the spoken words, but not other sounds, were very successfully decoded based on time-locked brain responses in bilateral temporal areas; based on the cortical responses, the models could tell at ∼75–85% accuracy which of the two sounds had been presented to the participant. However, the cortical representation of the amplitude envelope information was poorer in children with DLD compared with TD children at longer latencies (at ∼200–300 ms lag). We interpret this effect as reflecting poorer retention of acoustic–phonetic information in short-term memory. This impaired tracking could potentially affect the processing and learning of words as well as continuous speech. The present results offer an explanation for the problems in language comprehension and acquisition in DLD.
Developmentally Unique Cerebellar Processing Prioritizes Self- over Other-Generated Movements
Authors: Richardson Angela M. , Sokoloff Greta , Blumberg Mark S.
Published: April 2024

Animals must distinguish the sensory consequences of self-generated movements (reafference) from those of other-generated movements (exafference). Only self-generated movements entail the production of motor copies (i.e., corollary discharges), which are compared with reafference in the cerebellum to compute predictive or internal models of movement. Internal models emerge gradually over the first three postnatal weeks in rats through a process that is not yet fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated in postnatal day (P) 8 and P12 rats that precerebellar nuclei convey corollary discharge and reafference to the cerebellum during active (REM) sleep when pups produce limb twitches. Here, recording from a deep cerebellar nucleus (interpositus, IP) in P12 rats of both sexes, we compared reafferent and exafferent responses with twitches and limb stimulations, respectively. As expected, most IP units showed robust responses to twitches. However, in contrast with other sensory structures throughout the brain, relatively few IP units showed exafferent responses. Upon finding that exafferent responses occurred in pups under urethane anesthesia, we hypothesized that urethane inhibits cerebellar cortical cells, thereby disinhibiting exafferent responses in IP. In support of this hypothesis, ablating cortical tissue dorsal to IP mimicked the effects of urethane on exafference. Finally, the results suggest that twitch-related corollary discharge and reafference are conveyed simultaneously and in parallel to cerebellar cortex and IP. Based on these results, we propose that twitches provide opportunities for the nascent cerebellum to integrate somatotopically organized corollary discharge and reafference, thereby enabling the development of closed-loop circuits and, subsequently, internal models.
From access toward sovereignty: A scoping review of municipal land access policies for urban agriculture in the United States
Authors: Santo Raychel E. , Lupolt Sara N. , Uhde Katherine M. , Bennaton Robert C. , Nachman Keeve E.
Published: April 2024

Accessing land—and protecting that access—for the purpose of growing food and other agricultural products is a significant challenge in urban agriculture (UA), an issue exacerbated by racial and wealth disparities and high land values in cities. While local policies and programs supporting the use or sale of public land for UA have increased steadily since the early 21st century, limited research has examined the diversity, accessibility, and permanency of mechanisms facilitating land access and tenure. To address this gap, we compared the availability and characteristics of land access mechanisms across the 40 most populous U.S. cities. While 75% of cities employed at least one mechanism to facilitate land access, few (20%) offered multiple options. Mechanisms facilitating temporary use of public land for UA such as Adopt-A-Lot programs and city-run farms and gardens were more common than those enabling more secure tenure through long-term leases, land trusts, and simplified sales processes. Most policies and programs explicitly focused on local residents and nonprofit/community groups rather than for-profit entities. Nearly half (45%) of cities designed their land access mechanisms with a focus on equity or supporting underserved populations. Less than a quarter of cities offered subsidized water access, liability insurance, soil testing, or funding to complement public land access. The diversity of available mechanisms for facilitating land access underscores how different cities are enabling UA for different goals. Additionally, the incongruence between advocates’ demands for land sovereignty and the mechanisms currently offered raise questions about the extent to which cities are advancing permanent land reforms or provisional interventions at risk of revocation. Our findings may be of use to policymakers and advocates who are creating, comparing, and adapting land access policies and programs to best address growers’ needs and advance sustainable and equitable food transformations.
Urocortin 3 contributes to paracrine inhibition of islet alpha cells in mice
Authors: Noguchi Glyn M , Castillo Vincent C , Donaldson Cynthia J , Flisher Marcus R , Momen Ariana T , Saghatelian Alan , Huising Mark O
Published: April 2024

Pancreatic alpha cell activity and glucagon secretion lower as glucose levels increase. While part of the decrease is regulated by glucose itself, paracrine signaling by their neighboring beta and delta cells also plays an important role. Somatostatin from delta cells is an important local inhibitor of alpha cells at high glucose. Additionally, urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a hormone that is co-released from beta cells with insulin and acts locally to potentiate somatostatin secretion from delta cells. UCN3 thus inhibits insulin secretion via a negative feedback loop with delta cells, but its role with respect to alpha cells and glucagon secretion is not understood. We hypothesize that the somatostatin-driven glucagon inhibition at high glucose is regulated in part by UCN3 from beta cells. Here, we use a combination of live functional Ca2+ and cAMP imaging as well as direct glucagon secretion measurement, all from alpha cells in intact mouse islets, to determine the contributions of UCN3 to alpha cell behavior. Exogenous UCN3 treatment decreased alpha cell Ca2+ and cAMP levels and inhibited glucagon release. Blocking endogenous UCN3 signaling increased alpha cell Ca2+ by 26.8 ± 7.6%, but this did not result in increased glucagon release at high glucose. Furthermore, constitutive deletion of Ucn3 did not increase Ca2+ activity or glucagon secretion relative to controls. UCN3 is thus capable of inhibiting mouse alpha cells, but, given the subtle effects of endogenous UCN3 signaling on alpha cells, we propose that UCN3-driven somatostatin may serve to regulate local paracrine glucagon levels in the islet instead of inhibiting gross systemic glucagon release.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of New Metal Complexes Derived from 4-chloro-N'-[(E)-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] benzohydrazide
Authors: Mhatre Kirti P. , Gharat Dipti D. , Tawde Shailesh A. , Yamgar Ramesh S. , Ajagekar Shashikant D.
Published: April 2024

Metal(II) complexes, derived from the ligand 4-chloro-N'-[(E)-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide (HCBHDCS), were synthesized. These included elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, 1H and 13C NMR, ESR and mass spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibilities and conductivities measurements. The Fe(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes exhibit a high spin octahedral geometry, Pd(II) is square planar, and Cd(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) are tetrahedral in nature. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum observed in solid copper(II) complex exhibits distinct characteristics indicative of their specific configurations. This complex possesses a ground state with an axial symmetry type. The obtained values substantiated distorted octahedral geometry, indicating a significant ionic or covalent environment. Values for molar conductance in DMF show complexes' non-electrolytic behavior. To determine their crystal structures, X-ray powder diffraction is used. Antimicrobial activity has been tested in the metal complexes and Schiff's base HCBHDCS ligand. In comparison to regular streptomycin, each combination and ligand has greater antibacterial activity against the bacteria E. Coli. At the same time, C. albicans (MCC 1439) and S. cerevisiae (MCC 1033) show good antifungal efficacy, with growth reduced by more than 90% in response to Mn(II) and Fe(II) complexes, respectively. The in-vitro cytotoxic effects of these synthesized ligands and their complexes were also investigated using the brine shrimp bioassay.
КОМП’ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ДВОЗВ’ЯЗНОГО В ПЛАНІ ШТАМПУ ТА ПРУЖНОГО ПІВПРОСТОРУ
Authors: Zaytseva Т.А. , Honcharov Y.A.
Published: April 2024

Робота присвячена розв’язанню контактної задачі про втиснення двозв’язного в плані штампу в пружний півпростір під дією вертикальної сили. Задачу розв’язано методом скінченних елементів за допомогою програмного комплексу ANSYS. Приведені числові розрахунки. Результати порівняно з отриманими раніше аналітичними. Для наочності представлення результатів, побудовано графіки.
КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ (НЕ)ЛІНІЙНИХ БІФУРКАЦІЙНИХ КРИВИХ ТА ГІПЕРПОВЕРХОНЬ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ МІЖ ГРУПО-ВИХ ВЗАЄМОДІЙ У ВИПАДКУ РОЗДІЛЬНОЇ НІШІ
Authors: Kiseleva O.M. , Kuzenkov O.O.
Published: April 2024

В роботі розглянуто математичну модель міжгрупових взаємодій з роздільною нішею. Нелінійні аспекти динаміки моделі продемонстровано фазовими портретами, а складну якісну поведінку біфуркаційними діаграмами. Показано, що біфуркаційні криві та гіперплощини мають різну ступінь нелінійності. Для запропонованої моделі проведено повний аналіз нелінійних властивостей біфуркаційних гіперплощин.
SOFTWARE FOR SOLVING THE TWO-STAGE LOCATION-ALLOCATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Kiseleva O.M. , Prytomanova O.M. , Lebediev D.M. , Filat O.A.
Published: April 2024

This article explores the construction of the mathematical model, method, and algorithm for solving the two-stage optimal location-allocation problem, along with the software implementation for algorithm execution. The developed algorithm enables the resolution of resource management and transportation problems from supply centers to consumer spaces. Considering that in the contemporary world where all resources and goods are transported over considerable distances in substantial volumes, the task of optimizing delivery routes and minimizing delivery costs remains relevant. The created algorithm can be integrated into a logistics system comprising two layers of resource delivery: initially to an intermediate supply center and subsequently to the ultimate consumer.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАДАЧІ УПОРЯДКУВАННЯ З ПЕРЕРИВАННЯ-МИ ДЛЯ ОДНОГО ПІДКЛАСУ ДЕРЕВ
Authors: Kovalenko Y.O. , Turchyna V.A.
Published: April 2024

Розглядається доцільність дозволу переривань в задачі паралельного упорядкування у випадку різних вагових коефіцієнтів вершин графа. Оцінено можливі покращення значення цільової функції та проаналізовано зв’язок між початковими даними та ефективністю переривань для даного класу дерев.
НЕЧІТКА МОДЕЛЬ УПРАВЛІННЯ БІОХІМІЧНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ В АКВАРІУМІ
Authors: Kozakova N.L. , Samodryha O.V. , Chernytska O.V.
Published: April 2024

Запропоновано нову математичну модель управління біохімічними процесами в акваріумі, яка сформована на основі методів нечіткої логіки. Модель відповідає  потребам біологічної системи для урегулювання фізичних, біологічних, хімічних процесів, які впливають на зміну життєво необхідних показників замкненого середовища акваріума. Ці показники можуть бути скореговані завдяки зовнішнім спостереженням і вимірюванням з метою  підтримання стабільності при  регулюванні складної системи.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО ПОРТФЕЛЮ ЦІННИХ ПАПЕРІВ
Authors: Kozakova N.L. , Sheychenko P.O.
Published: April 2024

Розглядається модифікована модель формування інвестиційного портфелю цінних паперів. Запропоновано постановку задачі багатокритеріальної оптимізації портфелю – отримати максимальну доходність при мінімальному ризику.
Використано поєднання методів лінійної згортки та ідеальної точки розв’язання задачі двокритеріальної оптимізації. Застосовано метод штрафних функцій для послідовного розв'язання задач безумовної оптимізації методом градієнтного спуску.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ АНОМАЛІЙ ДЛЯ ПРЯМИХ ТА ЗВОРОТНИХ ГРАФІВ
Authors: Maliienko O.O. , Turchyna V.A.
Published: April 2024

Дана робота присвячена дослідженню аномальних випадків для так званих інвертованих графів. Проаналізовано структурні характеристики орієнтованих графів та причини виникнення аномалій. Зокрема, це стосується довжини критичного шляху графа, наявності ізольованих вершин та залежності між вагами вершин. Запропоновано умови, які дозволяють запобігти виникненню аномалій інвертування.
МЕТОД ФУНДАМЕТАЛЬНИХ РОЗВ’ЯЗКІВ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНИХ ПОЛІВ У НЕДОСТУПНИХ ОБЛАСТЯХ
Authors: Molchanov A.O.
Published: April 2024

Розглянуто спосіб відновлення потенціальних фізичних полів за даними вимірювань цих полів в деякій області на дискретній множині точок. Фізичне поле апроксимувалось лінійною комбінацією гармонічних поліномів, коефіцієнти якої шукались за методом найменших квадратів. Застосовано метод регуляризації Тихонова для отримання стійкої СЛАР. Параметр регуляризації визначено за методом відхилів.
ПРО ОДНЕ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТАРНИХ БАГАТОЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ
Authors: Nakonechna T.V. , Mahas О.S.
Published: April 2024

Досить велика кількість реальних процесів мають періодичний характер, проте за своєю природою не є полігармонійними. Розвинення в тригонометричні ряди, яке, як правило, застосовується в таких випадках, певною мірою має штучний характер. У даній статті на базі елементарних багатоекстремальних функцій виконано розкладання сигналу, яке є, з певної точки зору, більш адекватним.
r-АЛГОРИТМ ДЛЯ НАВЧАННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ ЛІНІЙНОЇ РЕГРЕСІЇ
Authors: Stetsyuk P.I. , Vakulenko D.V. , Stetsyuk M.Н.
Published: April 2024

Для знаходження параметрів лінійної регресії за критерієм найменших модулів в степені  () з регуляризацією параметрів за критерієм найменших модулів в степені  () розроблено Octave-програму ralmpr (r-algorithm for least moduli to the power of p with regularization). Програма дозволяє налаштовувати степені  та  на пошук параметрів лінійної регресії за правилами ridge-регресії () та lasso-регресії (, ). За її допомогою можна знаходити параметри лінійної регресії, які забезпечуються використанням інших значень степенів . Якщо регуляризація параметрів не враховується, то програма ralmpr дозволяє знаходити найкращі параметри лінійної регресії за методом найменших модулів та за методом найменших квадратів.
Матеріал статті подано в трьох розділах. У розділі 1 наведено опис -алгоритму з адаптивним способом регулювання кроку та Octave-програми ralgb5a, яка його реалізує. У розділі 2 описано оптимізаційну задачу безумовної мінімізації опуклої функції для знаходження параметрів узагальненої лінійної регресії та наведено код програми ralmpr для її розв’язання. У розділі 3 наведено результати обчислювальних експериментів, які демонструють ефективність програми для тисячі невідомих параметрів.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЄДНОСТІ НАУКИ, ВИРОБНИЦТВА, НАВЧАННЯ І ДОЗВІЛЛЯ: ІСТОРІЯ УСПІХУ ОДНІЄЇ УНІКАЛЬНОЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ ГРУПИ
Authors: Zaytseva T.A. , Prіvarnіkova I.Y. , Shyshkanova G.A.
Published: April 2024

У роботі в історичній ретроспективі розглянуто актуальне питання важливості поєднання і співвіднесення розвитку наукової думки і навчання, зв’язків з виробництвом і організації дозвілля у здобувачів освіти у класичному університеті. Застосовано біографічний метод аналізу з використанням принципів системності, наукової об’єктивності та історизму. Висунута гіпотеза і підтверджено припущення про вплив організації в класичному університеті інтегральної системи поєднання науки, виробництва, навчання і дозвілля та унікальних умов, у яких опиняються студенти під час навчання, на їх успішність у подальшому житті.
TALLER DE DESARROLLO PERSONAL. PUNTO DE PARTIDA EN LA TRAYECTORIA DEL EMPRENDEDOR
Authors: Sobarzo Sáez Pamela Alejandra , Garrido Méndez Juan Carlos , Sandoval Adán Felipe Antonio
Published: April 2024

Una de las líneas transversales en el Centro de Formación Técnica Lota Arauco es la Línea de Emprendimiento. Ésta, es parte de la formación del estudiante y tributa a la competencia genérica declarada en el Modelo Educativo: Demostrar Espíritu Emprendedor. Los módulos son: Taller de Desarrollo Personal, Taller de Creatividad e Innovación, Taller de Emprendimiento y Taller de Proyectos. Es en el primer módulo, donde se centra el trabajo: se muestra los avances logrados por los estudiantes, resultados de prueba de autoestima, estrategias metodológicas utilizadas y el acompañamiento realizado a los estudiantes. Los resultados son significativos a la luz de las estrategias utilizadas, pues se observa un aumento en la autoestima de los estudiantes y se logra concretar la planificación de un proyecto de vida. Los estudiantes dan cuenta de lo beneficioso del taller y la posibilidad de conocer y reconocer sus cualidades.
Hemisection and porcelain fused to metal crown splinters on the first molar: A case report
Authors: Styaningrum Yunita , Kuncoro Rebbecca A. , Untara Raphael TE. , Kristanti Yulita
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this treatment was to preserve the remaining tooth structure and to restore the function of the tooth

Methods: A 37-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of pain in the lower right molar tooth after root canal treated one week ago. Clinical examination revealed a cavity on the disto-occlusal side achieve half the crown of the tooth with a dentin depth. Percussion: (+), palpation: (-), mobility: (-), vitality: (-). Radiograph examination revealed radiolucent area mesial root and ± 1.5mm radiopaque images that are thought to be file fractures in the apical foramen. Vertical radiolucent lines on dental bifurcation were detected vertical bone loss was evident on mesial root of the lower right molar with furcation involvement. Management of the patient is hemi section and Porcelain fused to metal crown splinter.

Results: After one month of hemi section, no pain detected, the gingiva shows good healing, no Intra and extraoral swelling, trismus was absent, and objective examination percussion test was (-) and mobility (-).

Conclusion: Hemi section is a conservative and effective treatment of choice overcome vertical radiolucent lines on dental bifurcation and broken file in the apical foramen.
Microbial and histological analysis of rat model of oral candidiasis
Authors: Sulistyani Erna , Triwahyuni Iin E. , Rahayu Yani C. , Syafriadi Mei , Al-Falah Hammam H. , Ayuningtyas Ainunnisak
Published: April 2024

Objective: C. albicans infection is the most common opportunistic infection in humans, and the prevalence of this infection has been increasing recently. Exploratory research on materials that have antifungal potential is urgently needed. One of the stages in the study is the use of experimental animal models. By various extrapolations, we designed models of oral candidiasis for men and women. This study aims to evaluate the infection after the treatment we provide, both microbiologically and histologically.
Material and Methods: Our male and female rats lowered their immune systems with the corticosteroid methylprednisolone. The rats' drinking water was mixed with antibiotics to disrupt the balance of the oral cavity's normal flora. To facilitate C.albicans exposure and avoid loss of C.albicans, rats were previously injected with chlorpromazine HCL.
Results: The microbiological evaluation showed that in male and female rat models, the number of fungal colonies on oral mucosal swab cultures was significantly higher at five and eight days after exposure to putrefactive control mice. Histological evaluation showed that in model rats, the number of hyphae that penetrated the dorsum of the tongue was higher than in control rats five days after exposure.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the method we used is proven to produce oral candidiasis model rats, both male, and female