bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum Organic Loading Rate in the Biomethanation of a Mixture of Cow Dungs and Poultry Droppings
Authors: Jeje Julius Olatunji , Alo Oluwaseun Ruth , Akadiri Tomiwa Oke
Published: June 2020

The effect of varying the organic loading rate in the digester volume using a mixture of poultry droppings and cow dung as biomass was studied. The study was aimed at determining the optimum organic loading rates, which would produce the maximum volume of biogas from a mixture of poultry droppings and cow dung. The pH was maintained between 6.8 and 7.2. All other parameters affecting the production of gas were kept constant except the organic loading rate. The wastes, poultry droppings and cow dung was mixed in the ratio 60:40 and maintained at a sludge concentration of 700g/l. It was observed that biogas produced from the digester with the organic loading rate of 2.8 kg vs/m3/day gives the highest proportion of methane and the digester with organic loading rate of 3.2 kg vs/m3/day produced the highest proportion of carbon dioxide.
Marco conceptual para una formación virtual distribuida, integral para la vida a escala mundial desde un enfoque ecosistémico
Authors: Sánchez Arias Víctor Germán
Published: June 2020

Gracias a las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) los sistemas educativos han tenido un impulso sin precedente, se han extendido a escala mundial y pueden ser accesibles sin importar la localidad geográfica; pero este potencial podría darle un mayor impulso, un sistema de formación distribuida, integrando la educación formal, no formal e informal, con el mundo del trabajo y el cultural. En este trabajo se realizó un acercamiento crítico teórico-conceptual para fundamentar, desde un enfoque ecosistémico, el rediseño de ecosistemas educativos distribuidos y colaborativos para una formación virtual distribuida, integral y para la vida a escala mundial.
Malondialdehyde Level in Seminal Plasma of Cryopreserved Holstein Bull Semen after Addition of Zinc, Cysteine, Prostaglandin F2α and their Combination in vitro
Authors: Al-Dahan M. R. G. , Majeed A. F. , Abed M. A. , Ibrahim F. , yahya K. J.
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to know the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma of cryopreserved semen of Holstein bulls after addition of zinc sulphate, cysteine, PGF2α and their combination in vitro. Semen was collected from 7 Holstein bulls, presented in Artificial insemination Center which belonged to the Directorate of Animal Resources/ Ministry of Agriculture at Abu-Graib at the west of Baghdad. Pooled semen were diluted with Tris- based extender and divided into five parts. The first part (T1) serve as a control (without addition). The 2nd part (T2) added to it zinc sulphate (0,576 mmol/ ml). The 3rd part (T3) added to it cysteine (5 mmol/ ml). The 4th part (T4) added to it PGF2α (37.5 pg/ ml). while the 5th part added to it a combination of previous substances at the same concentration. They packed in straws and cryopreserved in a liquid nitrogen and after 30, 60 and 90 days. Seminal plasma when isolated to measure the level of MDA. The results showed a significant decrease (P>0.01) in MDA level in the combination treated group (zinc, cysteine and PGF2α) 0.450 ± 0.11 (mmol/ ml) as compared with control group 1.025 ± 0.38 (mmol/ ml), zinc 0.867 ± 0.12 (mmol/ ml), cysteine 1.06 ± 0.12 (mmol/ ml) and PGF2α group 0.968 ± 0.17 (mmol/ ml) respectively. It was concluded from this study that addition of a combination of zinc, cysteine and PGF2α to the Holstein bull semen could decrease the level of MDA which might be due to the synergistic effect of these substances.
The Effect of Adding Cumin Cyminym Seeds to Concentrated Feed on Some Blood Biochemical Parameters of Black Local Goats
Authors: Awad Amal , Shwayel Mohamed
Published: June 2020

The current study was conducted the effect of adding cumin cyminym seeds to concentrated feed on some blood biochemical parameters of black local goats. Fifteen female black goats aged 3 years, third milk production season. The study was in a private animal field of the Department of Animal Production- College of Agriculture/ University of Diyala, during the period from 1/11/2018 to 16/4/2019. The goats were divided randomly into three equal groups, 5 for each group. The first group (T1) left without treatment as a control group. The second group (T2) was given 10 g of cumin seed powder to the concentrated feed/ animal per day. The third group (T3) was given 20 g of cumin seed powder to the concentrated feed/ animal per day. Blood samples were collected before the experiment (Zero day) and at the end of the experiment (3 months), 10 ml from jugular vein by via vacationer tubes without anticoagulant. Blood biochemical parameters were also estimated includes: Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Glucose, Urea and Triglycerides. The results showed no significant (P>0.05) in Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Glucose, Urea and Triglycerides between (Zero day) and at the end of the experiment (3 months) and between different treated groups during the study period. It was concluded from this study that addition of cumin seed powder to the black local goats ration have no effects on some blood biochemical parameters.
Histopathological Study of Using Single-layer Simple Continuous and Continuous Lembert Suture Patterns for Systotomy Closure in Rabbits
Authors: AL-Falahi Nadia , Atiyah Ali
Published: June 2020

Two techniques of single-layer closure were studied experimentally by created cystotomy in six male rabbits, they separated randomly into two equal groups (A and B). In animals of either groups, cystotomy was initiated experimentally on the dorsal side of the urinary bladder wall through standard midline ventral laparotomy. In group A, the cystotomy wound was closed by single-layer, full thickness, simple continuous pattern, while in group B, the closure was accomplished by single-layer continuous Lambert pattern, applying polydioxanone PDS (3/0) in the two groups. The effectiveness of cystotomy wound healing and a urine-firm seal of the urinary bladder were examined at days 3, 7 and 14 post-operatively by gross changes. In both groups, the macroscopic observation revealed thickening of the bladder wall with adhesion in both groups, the microscopic evaluation showed optimum healing at the site of cystotomy wound sealing on the 14th day post operation despite a slight to moderate adhesions were noted in both groups. The histological evaluation of the urinary bladder biopsies indicated regular epithelization of the mucosal coat and normal arrangement of the muscularis and serosal layers at the location of cystotomy closure were evident in animals of both groups on the 14th day post operation.
Evaluation the Effect of Vernonia amygdalina. Del Leaves Ethanol Extract on Blood Sugar and its Synergism with Glibenclamide in Rats
Authors: K Igwe , O Ikpeazu , I Otuokere
Published: June 2020

Antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina and its possible synergism with glibenclamide was checked. Forty eight rats were used for the research, for hypoglycermic study of V. amygdalina alone, they were grouped into five of six rats each. Group 1 was the negative control and was administered distilled water orally. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were the treatment groups which received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the V. amygdalina extract respectively orally by intubation. Group 5 was the positive control group which received a known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced with alloxan. For the synergism study, another 18 rats grouped into 3 of six rats each was used. Both groups of glibenclamide only and glibenclamide plus V. amygdalina extract were dosed for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. There were 5 replicates grouped by weight throughout the study and both single and synergistic studies had the same controls. Effect of V. amygdalina extract was checked on blood glucose and its possible synergism with glibenclamide. All results in treatment groups were compared with the normal control at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Result shows that V. amygdalina extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. Combination of V. amygdalina with glibenclamide demonstrated further deduction in blood glucose levels in the treatment rats groups. Therefore addition of V. amygdalina into glibenclamide increased efficacy in the diabetic rats. The interaction between V. amygdalina and glibenclamide in this work was additive and therefore synergistic.
Macroscopical and Microscopical Changes of Body Organs after E. coli O157:H7 Inoculation in Puppies
Authors: Hasan Mustafa , Yousif Afaf , Alwan Mohammed
Published: June 2020

E. coli O157:H7 are an important pathogen of human and animals. The puppies were divided into two groups randomly, infected group: (15 puppies) were drenched once orally with 5 ml bacterial suspension of PBS containing 5×107 CFU, and control group: (5 puppies) drenched 5 ml PBS, then specimens from internal organs including: kidney, intestine, liver, spleen, brain and lung after sacrificed puppies at (24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, 6 days, 12days, 24days, and 36days) from infected and control groups were used for histopathological examination. After inoculation, all animals were examined for presence or absence of signs. The shedding patterns of E. coli O157:H7 in feces were started after 24hrs. after inoculation and ceased at day 14th.The results of gross lesions of internal organs revealed no gross lesions in the intestine, kidney, lung and spleen at 24, 48 and 72 hours. While at days 6, 12, 24, 36 the intestine showed congestion and hemorrhage. Also the kidneys were swollen and showed congestion. The lung showed sever hemorrhages at day 12 post infection, also the spleen showed enlargement at day 24 post infection. The results of histopathological changes showed that E. coli O157:H7 infection caused thrombus development, necrosis, vacuolar degeneration of epithelial lining cells and congestion of blood vessels of kidney and intestine with superficial sloughing of epithelial mucosa of intestine at 24hrs and 48hrs. post-infection at 48hrs post-infection. Also the result revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolar degeneration appeared in the examined organs at 72hrs. At 6-day post infection the infiltration of inflammatory cells became more prominent with severe congestion of blood vessels in examined organs. At day 12 post infection, there was mucus attachment in the epithelium of intestine, congestion of blood vessels, necrosis, with infiltration of the inflammatory cells in the examined organs. The most important event at day 24 post infection is the presence of regeneration in the intestine which became more prominent at day 36 post infection. This study aimed to highlighting the gross and histopathological effect of E. coli O157:H7 in different organs post inoculation in puppies. In conclusion, the shiga toxin can cause damage in many body organs like liver, spleen, kidney, lung, brain and intestine.
The Effect of Diabetes on the Physiological Parameters in Male Rats
Authors: mukhlif Ziadoon , Rahim Saleh , jamal Mustafa
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of high blood glucose levels in male rats with diabetic induced by alloxan on their physiological conditions. Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic hyperglycemia disorders caused by insufficient body production or pancreatic action. In addition to hyperglycemia, a number of other factors are also important for pathogenesis, such as Hyperlipidemics and cortisol oxidative. Forty five mature male rats used in this study, these were divided into 3 groups, Control group(G1) : gavage distilled water, Group2(G2): injection intraperitoneally with Alloxan150 mg/kg bw for two weeks and Group3(G3): injection intraperitoneally with Alloxan 150mg/kg bw for twenty four days. Blood samples taken from all groups estimation of Peroxynitrate, GSH, CAT, and SOD concentrations%. The findings revealed a significant improvement in diabetic classes in glucose (p<0.05) and peroxynitrate relative to control (G1). Diabetic concentrations of (G2, G3) relative to the control group (G1) were substantially reduced in SOD, GSH, CAT and diabetes mediated (P < 0,05). In conclusion, diabetes can cause significant changes in SOD, GSH, CAT levels in rats.
Effect of Intravenous Phloroglucinol Injections upon duration of Active First Stage of Labor
Authors: Malik Bilqees Akhtar , Shabbir Ambreen , Zeb-Un-Nisa  , Ambreen Asma
Published: June 2020

Objective: In our part of the world poverty and illiteracy has adversely affected our core objective of pregnancy i.e. healthy mother and healthy child. Exploring the role of a routinely used drug in reducing the duration of labor could be a breakthrough. Present study was planned accordingly to evaluate the effect of phloroglucinol (PHL).
Materials and Methods: It was a Randomized controlled trial conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur from January 2019 to June 2019. This study included 60 cases of age 18 to 40 years, having singleton pregnancy and in active first stage of uncomplicated labor. Patients with history of multiple pregnancies, obstetrical and surgical complications and cardiorespiratory diseases were excluded. The cases were placed randomly into Group A & Group B and given intravenous PHL and a placebo respectively. After this, duration of the first stage of labor was recorded in minutes from when there was 3-4 cm cervical dilatation with regular uterine contractions to complete cervical dilation i.e. 10 cm and descent of the presenting fetal part.
Results: Mean duration of active first stage of labor in experimental group A (230.20 ± 52.96 minutes) was significantly higher than that of control group B (345.30 ± 50.57 minutes).
Conclusion: This study concluded that intravenous PHL has efficiently reduced the duration of active first stage of labor in these randomly selected nulliparous and multiparous women. PHL is a useful drug serving the purpose of a spasmolytic, analgesic and labor augmentation at the same time.
Phẫu thuật robot cắt bàng quang tận gốc cho ung thư bàng quang, chuyển lưu nước tiểu: kinh nghiệm tại bệnh viện bình dân
Authors: Nguyễn Phúc Cam Hoàng
Published: June 2020

Đặt vấn đề: Phẫu thuật robot cắt bàng quang tận gốc, chuyển lưu nước tiểu cho ung thư bàng quang đã được thực hiện khá thường quy tại Bệnh viện Bình Dân từ hơn 3 năm qua. Với số trường hợp và số kỹ thuật chuyển lưu khá nhiều, cần một báo cáo tổng kết để có cái nhìn tổng quát về kết quả phẫu thuật.
Mục tiêu: Báo cáo kết quả phẫu thuật 131 trường hợp phẫu thuật robot cắt bàng quang tận gốc, chuyển lưu nước tiểu trong cơ thể/ngoài cơ thể cho ung thư bàng quang được thực hiện tại Khoa-Bộ môn Tiết niệu Bệnh viện Bình Dân trong thời gian 3 năm qua.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Trong gần ba năm từ 31/12/2016 đến 31/10/2019, một trăm ba mươi mốt (131) bệnh nhân bị ung thư bàng quang, được chẩn đoán qua cắt đốt nội soi sinh thiết bướu, có chỉ định cắt bàng quang và được phẫu thuật robot cắt bàng quang tận gốc, chuyển lưu nước tiểu đơn thuần hay tạo hình bàng quang bằng hồi tràng ngoài cơ thể hay trong cơ thể nối thẳng. Hệ thống robot Da Vinci™ Si với bốn cánh tay được dùng để phẫu thuật, kết quả phẫu thuật được ghi nhận và báo cáo.
Kết quả: Một trăm ba mươi mốt bệnh nhân ung thư bàng quang có chỉ định cắt bàng quang tận gốc, tuổi trung bình 59 ± 9,51 (32-83), với 110 bệnh nhân nam (84%) và 21 bệnh nhân nữ (16%); BMI trung bình: 22,5 ± 3 (16,9-30,4). Số trô-ca sử dụng: 6 (4 trô-ca cho các cánh tay robot); Cắt bàng quang tận gốc theo kỹ thuật cấu trúc cơ thể học của Guru với nạo hạch chậu-bịt tiêu chuẩn. Chuyển lưu nước tiểu sau cắt bàng quang: Mở hai niệu quản ra da: 29/131 trường hợp (22,1%); chuyển lưu nước tiểu qua ống hồi tràng ngoài cơ thể: 37/131 trường hợp (28,2%); tạo hình bàng quang bằng hồi tràng nối thẳng ngoài cơ thể (kỹ thuật Hautmann): 44/131 trường hợp (33,6%); tạo hình nối thẳng trong cơ thể (kỹ thuật Gaston): 21 / 131 trường hợp (16%). Thời gian mổ trung bình: 391,8 phút (297-660); Lượng máu mất trung bình: 387,5 mL (200-600). Thời gian lưu ống dẫn lưu: 7 ngày (6-10); Nằm viện sau mổ trung bình: 10,7 ngày (8-30). Mô học bướu: Bướu tế bào chuyển tiếp (transitional cell carcinoma): 122/131 trường hợp (93,1%), Bướu tế bào biểu mô tuyến (adenocarcinoma): 9/131 trường hợp (6,8%); Ung thư bàng quang xâm lấn cơ: 124/131 trường hợp (94.6%), Ung thư bàng quang không xâm lấn cơ: 7/131 trường hợp (5,3%). Hạch chậu dương tính trên 10/131 trường hợp (7,6%). Bờ biên dương tính trên 8/131 trường hợp (6,1%). Biến chứng sớm sau mổ: 37/131 trường hợp (28,2%); Biến chứng muộn sau mổ: 22/131 trường hợp (16,8%).
Kết luận: Một trăm ba mươi mốt trường hợp phẫu thuật robot cắt bàng quang tận gốc, chuyển lưu nước tiểu bằng hồi tràng đầu tiên đã có kết quả quanh phẫu thuật đáng khích lệ. Cần thực thêm nhiều trường hợp tạo hình bàng quang nối thẳng trong cơ thể hơn nữa để hoàn thiện kỹ thuật này vì đây là kỹ thuật có nhiều thách thức nhất, được người bệnh mong đơi nhất.
Từ khóa: Phẫu thuật robot, cắt bàng quang tận gốc, chuyển lưu nước tiểu qua ống hồi tràng, tạo hình bàng quang bằng hồi tràng nối thẳng
Functional-Foods Use: A Novel Dietary Regimen for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment and Management
Authors: OLAGUNJU A.S. , OLORUNFEMI F.G. , TEIBO O.J. , BELLO S.A , FABUNMI T.E , AJAO O.M
Published: June 2020

The benefit of food as medicine is that healing and health promotion begins as soon as the next meal and this is known some decades ago as the significance of diet in health improvement, and prevention of diseases came to vanguard. Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus is a complex, multi-faceted disease particularized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia), insulin resistance, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and altered insulin secretion. Recent data indicates a disturbing increase in the rate of hitches among individuals having type 2 diabetes mellitus despite the availability of several pharmacological involvements such as oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy for its control. As a response to this, functional foods for example whole grains, cinnamon, legumes, nuts were developed, which are now vital substitutes for enhancing nutrition and public health. Therefore, investigation into the advantages of functional foods on type 2 diabetes mellitus is essential and can decide if these can be a proper substitute for the inhibiting, treatment and management of this pathology and related metabolic effects.
Myanmar’s Current Transportation System Concerning with Development
Authors: Min Ei Thinzar , Myanmar Nay Pyi Taw,
Published: June 2020

Transportation plays as an important role for developing countries actually. Currently, Myanmar is also in transition period to the democratic governance that containing reforms to upgrade the quality of transportation system because living standards of a nation are directly related to the development of the transportation. The development of transport activities of a nation is the ability to deliver transport systems which will prosper the economic, social and political segments of the nation. There is no doubt that good transportation can make to become national development absolutely. If Myanmar can effectively change the challenges and difficulties such as transportation and policy to opportunities, it will certainly
Principals’ Environmental Supportive Administrative Services for Effective Classroom Management in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Anambra State
Authors: Regina Okoye, Chinasa , Omenyi Prof. A. S.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyse the environmental supportive administrative services provided by principals for effective classroom management in public and private secondary schools in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. It was a descriptive study conducted in Anambra state covering the six education zones in the state. A total of 15,990 respondents constituted the population for the study. A sample of 852 teachers was used. The instrument for data collection is a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was duly validated by experts who are lecturers. The reliability of the instrument was also established. Cronbach alpha statistic was used to determine reliability which gave the reliability coefficient of 0.81. The instrument was administered on the respondents directly by the researchers who assisted by six research assistants. Out of 852 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 850 copies were correctly filled, retrieved and subjected to statistical analysis. The data were analyzed using mean ratings to answer the research question and t- test to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated that, in public secondary schools, adequate workshops are not provided as part of environmental supportive administrative services for effective classroom management. Accordingly, it was among others recommended that government should organize workshops for secondary schools on environmental supportive administrative services.
Principals’ Climate Change Supportive Administrative Services for Effective Classroom Management in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Anambra State
Authors: Regina Okoye, Chinasa , Omenyi Prof. A. S.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyse the climate change supportive administrative services provided by principals for effective classroom management in public and private secondary schools in Anambra State. The area of this study is Anambra state and the descriptive survey research design was used. There are six education zones namely Aguata, Awka, Nnewi, Ogidi, Onitsha, and Otuocha education zones. The population for this study comprised 15,990 respondents made up of 6,293 teachers in the 256 public secondary schools and 9,697 teachers in the 481 registered private secondary schools in Anambra state. The sample size for this study is 852 teachers. The instrument for data collection is a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was subjected to face validation using three experts who are lecturers. The reliability of the instrument was established using 100 teachers (50 in private secondary schools and 50 in public secondary schools) in 20 secondary schools in Enugu state. Cronbach alpha method was used to determine reliability of the items because the instrument is homogeneously structured. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.74. The instrument was administered on the respondents directly by the researchers with the help of eight research assistants who are teachers in the various schools sampled. All the 852 copies of the questionnaire were correctly filled and retrieved. They were collated and subjected to statistical analysis. Data collected were analyzed using mean ratings to answer the research questions and t- test to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Sources in Awka-urban, Anambra State
Authors: Eze Prof. Anthony N.
Published: June 2020

The focus of this study was analyse the physico-chemical properties of water sources in Awka Urban, Anambra state. The water sources include bore well/hole water. It was an experimental research carried out in Awka metropolis between July 1, 2018 and October 10, 2018. The experimental research design was adopted. Five different villages in Awka were selected as sample area for the study. A total of 5 water samples from the area were collected using bottles. The bottles were washed with tap water with the aid of detergent and ethanol. The chemical parameters of the samples determined using standard method as soon as the samples got into the laboratory. HANNA Phep (model H 19) was used to determine the water PH. In the same manner, TDS/TEM meter was used to determine the water samples temperature. The electrical conductivity of the water samples was also determined using precalibrated conductivity meter model 611 in measuring the electrical conductivity. The titration method by means of EDTA solution was used to determine the total hardness of the collected water samples. The dichrometre refluction method was used to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the collected water samples. The alkali azide method was employed in the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the water samples. The chlorides content of the water samples were determined using silver nitrate solution.
Investigation of the Dielectric Strengths of Locally Sourced Vegetable Oil as an Alternative to Mineral Based Transformer Oil
Authors: N Prof. Eze,Anthony , I. Dr. Okoye,Peter
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the dielectric strengths of locally produced vegetable oils from Nigerian farms to compare the dielectric strength of the vegetable oil with the mineral oil to see if vegetable oil can be used as an alternative for insulating and cooling of transformers. It was an experimental research. The experimental procedures adopted in carrying out the investigation were sample collection, processing of sample and storing and testing for different properties such as pour point, flash point, peroxide value determination (aging), moisture content, and breakdown voltage test were conducted and results obtained. The findings of the study indicated that vegetable oil has the highest dielectric constant when placed on the same temperature with the mineral oil. One of the recommendations was that owners and managers of electrical transformers should see the urgent need of using vegetable oil as alternative to mineral oil.
IOT Based Automatic Water Container Filler Using Arduino
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Yadav Sarvgya , Singh Shweta , Pandey Vineet , Dwivedi Vishal , Ojha Deepti
Published: June 2020

The objective of our project is to design, develop and monitor “Automatic Water Container Filler using Arduino”. This work provides with a lot of benefits like low power feeding, low functioning cost, less care, accuracy and many more. This project is based on automation and is a vast application IOT concept. A prototype has been developed to illustrate the project. Feeding the container in hand to hand is the main task that is carried out by a machine and this process is commonly used by many Robot.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electoral Conflicts in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Mutemi Dorothy Muthoni , Onkware Professor Kennedy
Published: June 2020

This study sought to examine the challenges and opportunities in the management of electoral conflicts in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design. Questionnaires, interview guides, and FGDs were used to collect primary data whereas secondary data was gathered from journals and reports. Quantitative data was analysed by SPSS version 22 while qualitative data was analysed through coding, verbatim and thematic organization. The study found out that the major challenges to the peacebuilding process include suspicion, lack of trust, ethnicity, corruption within the electoral body, misinterpreting the constitution, and rampant unemployment across the country. From the findings and the expansive literature review, peacebuilding efforts can be boosted by training security forces, conducting voter awareness campaigns, developing citizens trust, conducting civic education, training and planning, and monitoring and watchdog initiatives. The findings and recommendations of this study will benefit scholars in the field of peacebuilding and related fields, policy makers, and other stakeholders in peacebuilding and conflict management.
Assessing the Impact of Government Initiatives on Reducing Poverty amongst Women at Professor Dora Akunyili Women Development Centre in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: U Onugu Charles , O Anumudu Oluchi , A Obianefo Chukwujekwu
Published: June 2020

The study examined the impact of Government Initiatives of reducing poverty amongst women in Anambra state based on a case study of Professor Dora Akunyili Women Development centre. The paper focused on the activities of the centre in championing poverty reduction among women. A wellstructured questionnaire was used to elicit information from randomly selected 112 trainees for the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and mean were used. Percentage difference was equally used to ascertain the difference in poverty status of women before and after the training. The study showed that the trainees had mean income of N50,405.56 and N151,338.89 before and after the training; mean savings before and after the training was N35,741.11 and N48,150.00; mean expenditure on household food was N21,266.67 and N38,111.11 before and after the training; mean expenditure on household health before and after the training was ₦26,000.00 and ₦28,927.78, while mean expenditure on household assets acquisition before and after the training was ₦27,811.11 and ₦55,075.00 respectively. The major challenges faced by the trainees were administrative bottlenecks and bureaucracy in the release of capital funds, late arrival of materials used for the training, among others.
Enhanced Class Normalization Rules for Refactoring Large Class Smell
Authors: Lardhi Marwan Ahmed , Baneamoon Saeed Mohammed
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes an effective method for optimizing extraction large class smell using enhanced class normalization rules in order to ease maintenance and improve the quality of software by creating new classes with strongly and similarity attributes and shared behavior.
Enhancing the Performance of Dynamic Source Routing Protocol by Modifying the Algorithm in Mobile ad-hoc Network
Authors: Helana Temesgen Mengistu , Keba Alazar Merdekios
Published: June 2020

In our day-to-day life, wireless technology plays a great role, because users move from place to place across the globe, it’s important to think about the type of network we can deploy quickly. Collection of two or more node forms A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) without the aid of any centralized infrastructure. There are independent nodes that communicate without a wire in a mobile ad hoc network. Due to the behavior of nodes in MANET the time when node joining/leaving the network is unknown. This study focuses on improve performance of DSR protocol affected due to selfish nodes. So, identify path without any selfish node is the main issue for delivering a packet by selecting a reserved path. The algorithm counts the number of failed route request messages to aware the selfish node that causes failure on NS-2 simulator tools. The node is assigned to indicating the selfishness status of the node during route discovery. In this study the researcher conducts performance evaluation of existing DSR and modified one is assessed by using packet delivery ratio, and endto-end delay metrics and achieved very good result.
THE IMPACT OF “REVOLUTION 4.0”ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD AND NATIONAL ECONOMIES UNDER GROWING GLOBAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Authors: Norin V. G.
Published: June 2020

The article analyses the global socio-economic problems caused by the aggravation of post-crisis inflation spikes and the possibility of minimizing the consequences of post-crisis negative phenomena due to "Revolution 4.0".
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE RATE OF PROFITABILITY IN TERMS OF THE MATERIAL PRODUCTION SECTOR AND THE SERVICE SECTOR IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (1992–2017) UNDER CONDITIONS OF NEOINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Golub L. A.
Published: June 2020

The article presents an analysis of the rateof profitability of the Russian Federation for the period of 1992-2017, in terms of the material production sector and the service sector. The dynamics was analysed by the statistical and graphical methods, the general trends and the specifics of the sector functioning were determined.
BASIC FEATURES OF DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Gasanov E. A. , Shportko O. V.
Published: June 2020

The article considers digital entrepreneurship, its essence, functions, main features and some features of its manifestation in Russia.
THE DIGITALIZATION OF THEPROCESSES OF ORGANIZING FIRE INVESTIGATIONS IN THE FORENSIC UNITS OF THE RUSSIAN MIA
Authors: Smetana A.A. , Rudetskaya A.V.
Published: June 2020

The article considers the main approaches to digitalization of processes and the feasibility of using a technical and forensic complex for the organization of fire investigation in the expert and forensic units of the Russian Ministry of internal Affairs system.
THE METHODOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE CLASSIFICATION IN THE COMPANY FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Fathulin A.A. , Fathulina N. A. , Basova S. N.
Published: June 2020

The complexity of understanding the nature of risks, as well as the diversity of their types and manifestations, including financial risks, requires the use of a methodological approach to their classification. Classification of financial risks is of particular importance in the company's activities in order to effectively manage them. The article analyzes the concepts of "risk" and "uncertainty", and provides risk classifications for various reasons. It is concluded that it is possible to control and manage risks through comprehensive accounting and, accordingly, prevention of various types of threats and uncertainties in the company's activities.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CONDITIONS OF THE REGIONAL DIGITAL ECONOMY FORMATION
Authors: Kulikov A.V. , Hao Van , Sianwei Lee
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the formation and development of small energy entrepreneurship in the regional economy. The dominating factors of development of small energy entrepreneurship necessary for increase of their efficiency and competitiveness in the regional markets of the country are allocated.
Politique de recherche nationale et risque environnemental global
Authors: Crespy Cécile , Jouvenet Morgan
Published: June 2020

La « crise de l'ozone » a transformé les sciences de l'atmosphère. Sur le plan politique, elle a entrainé une reconfiguration des discussions internationales sur l'environnement, aujourd'hui bien documentée. Mais comment la question de la pollution par les chlorofluorocarbones (CFC) a-t-elle influencé les relations entre savants et politiques en France, au cours des années 1970 ? Quels sont les tenants et aboutissants du soutien dont les spécialistes français de la stratosphère ont bénéficié, dans la première phase de cette crise ? L'article propose de le saisir à travers le prisme offert par les archives de la Délégation générale à la recherche scientifique et technique (DGRST), organisme qui a constitué l'un des vecteurs importants de ce soutien, avec la mise en place d'une « action concertée » (AC) dédiée à la physico-chimie de la stratosphère (1976-1981). L'exploitation de ces archives permet de montrer comment la nécessité d'une coopération internationale s'est articulée avec des enjeux de souveraineté nationale, au sujet d'une crise environnementale globale. Elle permet aussi d'analyser la teneur des interactions entre décideurs scientifiques et politiques, au sein du dispositif des AC. S'il démultiplie les forces de recherche, il apparait aussi comme un lieu important de définition de la « recherche utile », dans lequel les chercheurs sont directement confrontés aux attentes du pouvoir politique.
Coproduire la règle du jeu
Authors: Benquet Marlène , Foureault Fabien , Lagneau-Ymonet Paul
Published: June 2020

Dans cet article, nous concevons le droit des affaires comme un processus agonistique de coproduction de règles, entre les représentants des autorités publiques et ceux d'intérêts privés. L'interdépendance asymétrique entre les agents qui exercent le pouvoir d'instituer les règles ­ y compris celles de l'accumulation de capital ­ et les intermédiaires financiers qui se disputent les moyens de son allocation explique la miseen place, à la fin des années 1990, d'une niche fiscale favorable au capital-investissement ­ les contrats d'assurance-vie DSK. Notre approche, qui ne considère l'État ni comme une sorte d'arbitre ni comme l'instrument des capitalistes, permet ainsi de restituer les rivalités entre financiers, ainsi que les différends entre administrations centrales, cabinets ministériels et élus. Ces antagonismes indiquent que les règles de droit comme leurs usages ne sont pas extérieurs à l'activité économique, mais bien constitutifs des manières de faire du profit. Dans les affaires, établir la règle du jeu fait partie du jeu.
TUMOR TARGETING WITH INTEGRIN LIGAND - DRUG CONJUGATES
Authors: Gennari Cesare
Published: June 2020

Non disponibile.
CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI: EVIDENZE SCIENTIFICHE, RISCHI ED OPPORTUNITÃ€ DI MITIGAZIONE
Authors: Giorgi Filippo
Published: June 2020

This contribution presents the various pieces of evidence which bring the scientific community to conclude that global warming is happening and it is mostly due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide and methane, deriving from the use of fossil fuels and some intensive agricultural practices. The main climatic changes associated with global warming are then discussed, along with the main model-derived future climate scenarios and the impacts that climate change can have on different socioeconomic sectors. Finally, the response policies to global warming are described, and in particular the concepts of adaptation and mitigaziotn (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions).
Giornata d'Alembert â€“ Dâ€™ALEMBERT EDITORE E â€œPHILOSOPHEâ€
Authors: Sacchi Landriani Giannantonio
Published: June 2020

On November 16, 1717 on the steps of Saint Jean-Baptiste le Rond de Paris, a newborn was found, and he was given the name of the discovery place. He was placed with a poor craftsman family until he was an adult. Out of this poor origin grew up a man of strong intellectual force and social distinction. At the age of twelve he was admitted the Mazzarino College, then placed in the La Coupole building, which from 1805 hosts, in quai Conti, the Institute de France together with his ve academies. In the Mazzarino College the joung man gave himself the pseudonym of Dâ€™Alembert, got the Baccalaureat when he was eighteen, and became attorney at the age of 24. He was attracted from scientic disciplines and in particular from mathematics, in which he showed an exceptional attitude. Very soon he published works of such an interest to be admitted to the AcadÂ´emie des Sciences when he was 24. In few years he published four works of mechanics: (SOLID, FLUID, CELESTIAL). In 1758 he published the TRAITEÂ´ DE DYNAMIQUE which can be considered a landmark of scientic culture of the XVIII century. In 1751 the rst volume of the monumental EÂ´NCYCLOPEÂ´DIE appeared; he was co-editor with DIDEROT. The Kings: LUIGI XV DI FRANCIA, FEDERICO II DI PRUSSIA, CATERINA II DI RUSSIA have been the main sponsors of Dâ€™Alembert, together with other â€œPhilosophesâ€. They were absolute monarchs, who maybe did not agree with the ideas of Enlightenment, but were forced by the public opinion to show respect in their regards.
Эффективный классический гармонический кристалл с выпрямлением потока тепла
Authors: Silva Saulo Henrique
Published: June 2020

Доказано существование механизма выпрямления потока тепла в цепочке гармонических осцилляторов с эффективным потенциалом, зависящим от температуры. В отличие от более ранней работы, где для данной модели было показано, что выпрямление происходит в коротких цепочках, до шести узлов, аналитически доказано, что в материале с неоднородным распределением массы это явление имеет место при любом размере цепочки и не зависит от конкретного режима теплопередачи. Обнаружено, что термическое выпрямление наблюдается при наличии в системе других асимметричных параметров. Они могут быть связаны со структурными параметрами системы или характеристиками, которые зависят от температур внутренних узлов цепочки и изменяются, когда термостаты на концах цепочки меняются местами. Описание термического выпрямления в таких упрощенных моделях с минимальным набором составляющих показывает, что это явление наблюдается повсеместно и может помочь исследовать теоретически и создать практически эффективный тепловой диод.
Соответствия Лиувилля между многокомпонентными интегрируемыми иерархиями
Authors: Kang Jing , Liu Xiaochuan , Olver Peter J , Qu Changzheng
Published: June 2020

С помощью преобразований Лиувилля установлены соответствия для интегрируемой двухкомпонентной иерархии Камассы-Холма, двухкомпонентной иерархии Новикова (иерархии Гэна-Сюэ) и двухкомпонентной иерархии уравнений волн на воде с двойной дисперсией. Это расширяет на многокомпонентный случай более ранние результаты, посвященные скалярным иерархиям Камассы-Холма и Кортевега-де Фриза, а также иерархиям Новикова и Савады-Котеры.
Построение динамических полугрупп методом функциональной регуляризации по Като
Authors: ter Elst A F. M , Zagrebnov Valentin Anatol'evich
Published: June 2020

Для построения генератора динамической полугруппы в случае возмущений с относительной гранью, равной единице, вводится функциональный вариант однопараметрической регуляризации Като. В качестве примера применения рассмотрена регуляризация, основанная на обрезании числа бозонов.
О зависимости фазы амплитуды упругого рассеяния от передачи импульса
Authors: Petrov Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: June 2020

Обсуждается вопрос, в какой степени часто предполагаемая независимость фазы амплитуды упругого рассеяния от передачи импульса в области только малых значений $t$ ограничивает зависимость от $t$ фазы в целом. На основе аналитичности доказано, что если фаза амплитуды рассеяния в сильных взаимодействиях не зависит от переданного импульса в области его малых значений, то она остается таковой во всей физической области. Более того, если такая независимость имеет место в любой области физических энергий, включающей в себя значения, бесконечно близкие к первому неупругому порогу снизу, то вся амплитуда рассеяния оказывается равной нулю. Обсуждается также связь зависимости от $t$ фазы с размером области взаимодействия.
Socio-Political and Financial Risk Analysis of Infrastructure Projects Linked with China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Shaheen Wasim , Ghaffar Abdul , Hussain Zahid , Ali Maqsood
Published: June 2020

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is more than just a project between Pakistan and China because it will have financial, economic, and social changes at a massive level around the globe especially in the Asian region. Multiple projects have been planned under the umbrella of CPEC including construction and extension of highways, railways, special economic zones to connect China from Kashgar to Gawadar in Pakistan. This project will have a massive infrastructural development in Pakistan. Rehabilitation and Expansion of Karachi-Peshawar Railway Line known as ML-1 to be completed in 6 years approximately is one of the vital infrastructure projects in this mass transit corridor. This is the oldest and busiest rail line in Pakistan for passengers as well as cargo transfer with almost 75% share of the country’s transfer. The approximate cost allocation on that project is $8 billion which is shared by the Government of China and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This route is covering KPK, Punjab and Sindh Provinces. These provinces have different political ruling parties. We have concluded that to deal with any kind of possible delay or termination of the project, the sponsoring agency and guarantor involved must make sure the transparency in this whole process.
Role of Food Porn: Luxury Food Desire among Adolescents
Authors: Hassan Asad
Published: June 2020

Luxury consumption is excessively done by individuals to show off their wealth and success. Thus, social media platforms are enhancing their luxury consumption desire and showing off to others. The need for status, need for uniqueness, and attitude influences in a positive way towards food porn. The purpose of this study was to understand the new concept of food porn how it affects and mediates between the different relationships of an individual's personality traits and luxury food desire. The results have shown that the new construct food porn is mediating well between the NFS and LFD, NFU and LFD, and ATT and LFD. In the future, more work can be done to develop food porn theory and further see food porn in different roles.
Volatility Modelling of Chinese Stock Market Monthly Return and Investor Sentiment Using Multivariate GARCH Models
Authors: Zeng Hongjun
Published: June 2020

This article examines the linkage and volatility spillover among Chinese Stock Market Monthly Return and Investor Sentiment, investigating the effect dynamic links of various investor sentiment indicators and Chinese stock market return volatility. Employing the DCC and BEKK GARCH, we find investor sentiment is to some extent linked to the yield fluctuations of the Chinese stock market, but the volatility spillover is relatively weak. In the test period (2005-2020), we observe that several indicators do not explain their linkage effects with CSI 300 index of return fluctuations and volatility spillovers well, with no indicators can reflect both of these effects. Most indicators are linkage with the CSI 300 index, especially consumer confidence index (CCI), new investor account openings last month (NIA) and the volume of transactions last month (TURN) have significant linkage effects with the CSI 300 index. We also find that only the CCI index has a one-way volatility spillover on the CSI 300 index, and the CSI 300 index has no volatility spillover on any indicator.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBANTUAN LKS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 TEGALLALANG
Authors: Sartini Ni Made Kadek
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar kimia siswa SMA Negeri 1Tegallalangmelalui penggunaan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbantuanLKS.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari perencanaan,pelaksanana tindakan, observasi, evaluasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalamdua siklus dengan tiga kali tatap muka untuk setiap siklus. Data prestasi belajar siswadikumpulkan dengan mengunakan tes prestasi belajar setelah diberikan pembelajaranmelalui pendekatan konstruktivistik untuk melatih pemahaman konsep siswa. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada prestasi belajar siswa dalam mengikutipembelajaran kimia dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan bantuanLKS untuk melatih pemahaman konsep siswa melalui pendekatan konstruktivis. Padasiklus I diperoleh nilai rata kelas 80.84 dengan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 83,87%. Padasiklus II perolehan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 8352dengan ketuntasan belajar sebesar96.77%. Jadi dari siklus ke siklus hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan sesuai dengantarget pencapaian kurikulum yaitu ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal 80 % dengan kreteriaketuntasan minimal sebesar 77. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaanmodel pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan LKS dapat meningkatkan PrestasiBelajar KimiaSiswa Kelas XI IPA 5 SMA Negeri 1 Tegallalang tahun Pelajaran2017/2018.