bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revistas académicas en acceso abierto: cómo identificarlas, sus beneficios y buenas prácticas para publicar
Authors: Acevedo Saavedra Maribel , Santander Meneses Paola , Vilches Vargas Ricardo
Published: December 2023

En el contexto del proyecto: "Construyendo las bases para la Ciencia Abierta en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Proyecto de Innovación en la Educación Superior, InES, Ciencia Abierta". Los objetivos de este documento fueron, primero, entregar definiciones, criterios y metodología para identificar revistas académicas en acceso abierto pertinentes a las áreas y/o temas de investigación. Segundo, conocer de la importancia y beneficios de las revistas académicas en acceso abierto. Tercero, utilizar bases de datos y otras fuentes para publicar en revistas académicas de acceso abierto.
Análisis espacial de Servicios Ecosistémicos en la periferia de Ciudad de México: Implicaciones para la conservación en el Bosque de Agua
Authors: Villanueva Antonio , Fagandini Ruiz Francesca , Galicia Leopoldo , Figueroa B. Eugenio
Published: December 2023

Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas han sido tradicionalmente empleadas para preservar los ecosistemas naturales, aunque en las últimas décadas se han añadido esquemas de Pago por Servicios Ambientales para complementar estas iniciativas. Sin embargo, los Bosques Templados endémicos están expuestos a fuertes presiones por actividades antrópicas como el crecimiento urbano y la fuerte demanda hídrica para abastecer una de las ciudades más grandes del centro de México. La evidencia de México muestra que los PSA han tenido un impacto limitado en la conservación, ya que en sus primeros años los pagos fueron asignados en áreas con bajo riesgo de degradación ambiental, principalmente en las ANP. Esta asociación ha generado debates sobre su efectividad en la conservación y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Fue cuantificada la efectividad espacial de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas y el sistema de Pago por Servicios Ambientales para la conservación de Servicios Ecosistémicos de la zona central de México específicamente en la zona denominada Bosque de Agua. Los servicios de provisión de agua y regulación climática fueron modelizados con el software InVEST, mientras que los servicios de provisión de alimentos agrícolas y de madera fueron estimados a partir de la cobertura de stock de biomasa elaborado por el programa para la reducción de las emisiones derivadas de la deforestación, y la degradación de los bosques. A partir de estas estimaciones por unidades mínimas de análisis (1 ha) se generaron modelos de puntos calientes para cada SE. Luego, se cruzaron áreas con altos valores de estos servicios ("puntos calientes") con Áreas Naturales Protegidas y zonas con Pago por Servicios Ambientales. Los resultados destacan que el Bosque de Agua no solo es proveedor de agua, sino que otros servicios también son significativos y necesitan una protección más eficaz. El 62% del área total del Bosque de Agua (160,356 ha.) presenta puntos calientes para al menos uno de los cuatro servicios medidos. Sin embargo, el 19% (28,864 ha.) de los puntos calientes de servicios no está protegido por ningún instrumento de conservación. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de revisar y ajustar los enfoques de conservación existentes para garantizar la sostenibilidad de estos valiosos servicios que nos da la naturaleza.
Rodenticidas anticoagulantes en mesocarnívoros de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Fernández-Casado David , García Muñoz Javier , Pérez López Marcos , Soler Rodríguez Francisco
Published: December 2023

Los rodenticidas anticoagulantes (RA) tienen un uso muy extendido en el control de plagas de roedores, pero no solo ellos se ven comprometidos por estos compuestos, sino que también se da la exposición en especies "no objetivo", cobrando una gran relevancia las intoxicaciones secundarias. Uno de los grupos biológicos que se ve más afectado por este tipo de intoxicación son los mesocarnívoros, tanto en la Península Ibérica como a nivel mundial. Esto es debido a factores tan variados como la dieta que poseen y los nuevos cambios que esta está experimentando (disminución de principales presas, convivencia con súperdepredadores, etc.), las adaptaciones a los nuevos medios que están colonizando (antropización del ecosistema, sistemas agroganaderos y núcleos urbanos) y su etología, cobrando gran importancia en este caso el carroñerismo (unido a la práctica de colocación de cebos ilegales). Los mesocarnívoros conforman el segundo grupo de animales más afectado por las intoxicaciones secundarias por rodenticidas anticoagulantes, únicamente precedido por las aves rapaces; sin embargo, se desconoce el impacto real de estos compuestos en sus poblaciones, creyéndose mucho mayor. Esto se debe, principalmente, a la notoria falta de estudios específicos sobre esta problemática en nuestro país (únicamente dos), en comparación a otros como Gran Bretaña o Francia, que aun sin ser numerosos, sobrepasan con creces los propios. A los pocos estudios de impacto poblacional se suma la falta de artículos de investigación sobre los síntomas y problemas que acarrean las exposiciones subletales a estos tóxicos, que pueden llevar a la muerte del depredador sin ser la causa principal de ella. Se requiere por tanto un análisis y estudio más exhaustivo de las implicaciones reales de los rodenticidas anticoagulantes en los mesocarnívoros peninsulares, los procedimientos de minimización de riesgos en cuanto a su uso y nuevas alternativas para el control de plagas.
Automated system of inter-operational transport with a pneumatic drive
Authors:   Department  of Information Technology and Robotics in Production, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36 street, Lublin, Poland, Domińczuk Jacek , Gałat Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a design solution for a system used for the inter-operational transport of tanks. Thanks to its innovative design, this solution allows to carry out the processing and assembly of components on the tank without the need to change its orientation. The application of the solution allows for the reduction of line dimensions and its full automation. Thanks to the use of commercially available modular components for the construction of the system, the time and cost of its implementation has been significantly reduced.
A Simulation Model for Small Aircraft Fuel System Design
Authors:   MEtRICs Research Center, University of Minho, 4800 - 058, Guimarães, Portugal, Mazzitelli Leonardo , Watanabe Paulo , Machado José , Teixeira José
Published: December 2023

An aircraft fuel system can be seen as a set of components that work together to store, manage, and deliver fuel to the engines. Fuel systems models are built and simulated to ensure a fast, reliable, and low-cost way of testing different configurations and if system requirements are accomplished. In this paper, a generic aircraft fuel system model architecture is proposed and modelled using MATLAB and Simulink’s Simscape add-on. The model capabilities are explored with meaningful simulations, and analyses focused on the feed and transfer functions, such as the sensitivity analysis of the scavenge jet pump, showing that the position of the jet pump in the system can highly impact its performance in terms of flow ratio, and the positive impact that the wing dihedral angle has on the fuel transfer and minimising unusable fuel quantities. The results also demonstrate how computational tools such as Simscape Fluids can be integrated with MATLAB and used on the system’s modelling, providing a reference for small aircraft fuel system design.
Mechanical Mixing and Deaeration Station for Adhesive Compositions
Authors:   Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Computerization and Production Robotization, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, Miturska-Barańska Izabela
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the design of a specialised mixing and deaeration station for adhesive compositions. The aim of the work was to present a device for simultaneous mixing and gas bubble removal, as well as to verify the correctness of the practical application of the station by conducting experimental tests. In the experimental research, the subject of the study was an adhesive composition of the Epidian 5 epoxy resin with the PAC curing agent, which was prepared using four mixing methods carried out with the use of the station for simultaneous mixing and deaeration. In addition, the composition was physically modified by adding particles of CaCO3 calcium carbonate to verify the correct mixing of the composition components. The prepared samples were subjected to tensile and compression strength tests. The structure of the prepared samples was also analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tests carried out showed that the stand for simultaneous mixing and deaeration of adhesive compositions meets the expectations set for it. Mixing variant 4, in which mixing was realised using a dispersing disc mixer, proved to be the most favourable mixing method. Mixing was carried out at a speed of 1170 rpm for 3 minutes. In addition, during the mixing process, a deaeration process of the mixed composition was carried out, as well as deaeration was realised after the mixing process in a time of 2 minutes. Changing the mixing parameters contributed to an increase in both the tensile strength and compression strength of the tested compositions. SEM analysis of the observed samples showed that changing the mixing parameters reduced the amount of air bubbles in the adhesive structure and, in the case of modified compositions, resulted in a better distribution of the filler in the structure of the mixed compositions.
Mechanizing Sugarcane Harvesting in India: A Review
Authors: Ashraf Md. Tahsin , Victor V. M. , Naik R. K.
Published: December 2023

In the contemporary scenario, agriculture holds a pivotal position in India, surpassing other sectors in significance. The cultivation of sugarcane alone encompasses approximately 4.6 million hectares of land, positioning India as the second-largest contributor to global sugarcane growth. However, a burgeoning issue faced by farmers is the escalating labor shortage in rural areas, attributed to the migration of people to urban centers. Sugarcane stands as a crucial crop in India, and the harvesting process has undergone mechanization with the introduction of small sugarcane harvesting machines. To address the challenges of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and serviceability, new mechanisms have been incorporated into existing machines. Despite the availability of advanced sugarcane harvesters in the market, their high costs pose a significant hurdle. Presently, the country grapples with surplus sugar production, leading to an upsurge in the costs associated with sugarcane cultivation and harvesting. To navigate these challenges, the imperative lies in the development and adoption of cost-effective, small-scale sugarcane harvesting machines.
Isolation and Antibiogram Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Automated Teller Machine (ATM) at Abuja Campus, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Innocent-Adiele H. C.  , Nkara N. D.  , Osuala O. J.  , Daokoru-Olukole, C. G.  , Okafor, O. F.  , Onu E. N.  , Cookey, T. I.  , Nwankwo, G. A.  , Mbah, E. I.  , Adim, C. C.  , Anagboso, M. O.  , Okonko I. O.
Published: December 2023

The growing use of automated teller machines (ATMs) has sparked worries about possible microbial contamination on ATM keypads, which might be harmful to the general public's health. This study examines the antibiotic resistance characteristics of the bacterial infections linked to ATM keypads at the University of Port Harcourt's Abuja campus in Nigeria. Tests for antimicrobial susceptibility, bacterial isolation, and identification were carried out on swab samples obtained from different bank ATMs. Common contaminants found in the research were Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Aerobacter, Photohabdus, and Micrococcus species. With a 40% prevalence, Bacillus species predominated, followed by Staphylococcus species at 30%. The range of total heterotrophic counts was 3.38–4.69 Log Cfu/ml. The necessity for efficient biocides was highlighted by the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, which showed different resistance patterns in Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. This study demonstrates the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and emphasizes the importance of microbial contamination on ATM keypads for public health. Advocating for the slowing of the spread of resistant microbes, research promoting frequent surveillance, hygiene education, and the creation of antimicrobial measures is endorsed. All things considered, insightful information on the microbial environment of often-touched surfaces was provided by the results, emphasizing the advocacy for taking preventative measures to reduce the health hazards related to ATMs.
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Efficacy of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas) Leaves, Stem-bark and Root Extracts on Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Buduwara J. H. , Naphtali R. S. , Adiel T. , Sami R. , Tafem M. L. , Tadouno M. F.
Published: December 2023

The advance of battle by mosquito species to artificial chemicals has obliged the unrelenting pursuit of nontoxic ones from plants. This study screened the qualitative phytochemicals and evaluated the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of Jatropha curcas leaves, stem-bark and root extracts against third and fourth mosquito instar larvae. The J. curcas obtained were subjected to extraction by maceration. Qualitative phytochemical screening of ethanolic stem-bark, aqueous and ethanolic root extracts plants showed the presence of phenols, saponins, steroids flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates and terpenoids. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem-bark showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids whereas, ethanolic leaves extract had similar phytochemicals with the leaves and stem-bark aqueous extracts but did not have steroids. Twenty-four (24) hours exposure of different concentrations (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml, 10 mg/ml) of various extracts showed that larval mortality increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Aqueous stem-bark extract showed highest mortality with 87% against third mosquito instar larvae followed by aqueous, ethanolic root extracts against third and fourth mosquito instar larvae respectively with 85% larval mortality. However, least mortality was observed in ethanolic leaf extract with 5% larval mortality against fourth mosquito instar larvae. Low LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were noticed in ethanolic root and aqueous stem-bark extracts with 2.19mg/ml and 11.51mg/ml respectively. Whereas the highest LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were noticed in both ethanolic leaves extracts with 14.09mg/ml and 26.20mg/ml respectively against fourth mosquito instar larvae. Conclusively, aqueous stem-bark and ethanolic root extracts can be harnessed to control 50% and 90% mosquito instar larval mortality respectively. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. curcas and its toxicity to non-target organisms.
Performance of Different Graded Dose of Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Black Gram Varieties (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Manker Gaurav , Chaturvedi D. P.
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 at the Research plot, Department of Agronomy, AKS University, Madhya Pradesh to investigate the impact of graded doses of fertilizers viz., Control (F0), NPK @ 18:18:18 kg ha-1 (F1), NPK @ 19:19:19 kg ha-1 (F2), and NPK @ 20:20:20 kg ha-1 (F3) and three varieties i.e., IPU-2-43 (V1), PU-31 (V2), Indira-1 (V3) on black gram. The experimental design employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design, with the 12 treatment combinations replicated three times. Results revealed that treatment F3 (NPK @ 20:20:20 kg ha-1) significantly enhanced plant height (40.73 cm), number of branches per plant (4.49), number of leaves per plant (27.09) and number of root nodules (30.89). This grade also resulted in maximum yield attributes such as the number of pods per plant (22.00), grains per pod (4.89), test weight (36.98 g), grain (9.31 q/ha) and stover yield (18.10 q/ha). Additionally, the highest protein content (21.71 %) in black gram grain was observed with the application of F3 (NPK @ 20:20:20 kg ha-1). Regarding varieties, Indira-1 displayed superior growth parameters and yield-contributing characters compared to IPU-2-43 and PU-31. Notably, Indira-1 exhibited higher protein content in seeds. The results suggest that the application of NPK @ 20:20:20 kg ha-1 and cultivation of the Indira-1 variety hold promise for enhancing black gram productivity.
The Pillars of Health Disparities Science—Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Webb Hooper Monica
Published: December 2023

This Viewpoint examines the importance of race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status as the pillars of health disparities science.
Description of spatiotemporal patterns of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) detections in marine Atlantic Salmon farms in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Gautam Milan , Hammell K. Larry , Burnley Holly , O'Brien Nicole , Whelan Daryl , Thakur Krishna Kumar
Published: December 2023

Objective

The objectives of this study were to describe spatiotemporal patterns of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) detections in marine salmonid production sites in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada.

Methods

Infectious salmon anemia virus surveillance data between 2012 and 2020 from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador were used. Data comprised a total of 94 sampling events from 20 Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar production sites in which ISAV was detected. Using linear regression models, factors influencing time to detection (days from stocking to first ISAV detection) and time to depopulation (days from first detection to production site depopulation) were investigated.

Result

Based on 28 unique cases, site-level annual incidence risk of ISAV detection ranged from 3% to 29%. The proportion of ISAV detection by PCR in fish samples ranged from 2% to 45% annually. Overall, ISAV variants from the European clade were more common than variants from the North American clade. The type of ISAV clade, detections of ISAV in nearest production sites based on seaway distances, and year of infectious salmon anemia cases were not associated with time to first ISAV detection. Time to depopulation for sites infected with the ISAV-HPRΔ variant was not associated with ISAV North American or European clades.

Conclusion

Our results contribute to the further understanding of the changing dynamics of infectious salmon anemia detections in Newfoundland and Labrador since its first detection in 2012 and will likely assist in the design of improved disease surveillance and control programs in the province.
Accurate and robust auto‐segmentation of head and neck organ‐at‐risks based on a novel CNN fine‐tuning workflow
Authors: Luan Shunyao , Wu Kun , Wu Yuan , Zhu Benpeng , Wei Wei , Xue Xudong
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Obvious inconsistencies in auto‐segmentations exist among various AI software. In this study, we have developed a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) fine‐tuning workflow to achieve precise and robust localized segmentation.

Methods

The datasets include Hubei Cancer Hospital dataset, Cetuximab Head and Neck Public Dataset, and Québec Public Dataset. Seven organs‐at‐risks (OARs), including brain stem, left parotid gland, esophagus, left optic nerve, optic chiasm, mandible, and pharyngeal constrictor, were selected. The auto‐segmentation results from four commercial AI software were first compared with the manual delineations. Then a new multi‐scale lightweight residual CNN model with an attention module (named as HN‐Net) was trained and tested on 40 samples and 10 samples from Hubei Cancer Hospital, respectively. To enhance the network's accuracy and generalization ability, the fine‐tuning workflow utilized an uncertainty estimation method for automatic selection of candidate samples of worthiness from Cetuximab Head and Neck Public Dataset for further training. The segmentation performances were evaluated on the Hubei Cancer Hospital dataset and/or the entire Québec Public Dataset.

Results

A maximum difference of 0.13 and 0.7 mm in average Dice value and Hausdorff distance value for the seven OARs were observed by four AI software. The proposed HN‐Net achieved an average Dice value of 0.14 higher than that of the AI software, and it also outperformed other popular CNN models (HN‐Net: 0.79, U‐Net: 0.78, U‐Net++: 0.78, U‐Net‐Multi‐scale: 0.77, AI software: 0.65). Additionally, the HN‐Net fine‐tuning workflow by using the local datasets and external public datasets further improved the automatic segmentation with the average Dice value by 0.02.

Conclusion

The delineations of commercial AI software need to be carefully reviewed, and localized further training is necessary for clinical practice. The proposed fine‐tuning workflow could be feasibly adopted to implement an accurate and robust auto‐segmentation model by using local datasets and external public datasets.
Characteristics of breathing‐adapted gating using surface guidance for use in particle therapy: A phantom‐based end‐to‐end test from CT simulation to dose delivery
Authors: Qubala Abdallah , Shafee Jehad , Tessonnier Thomas , Horn Julian , Winter Marcus , Naumann Jakob , Jäkel Oliver
Published: December 2023

To account for intra‐fractional tumor motion during dose delivery in radiotherapy, various treatment strategies are clinically implemented such as breathing‐adapted gating and irradiating the tumor during specific breathing phases. In this work, we present a comprehensive phantom‐based end‐to‐end test of breathing‐adapted gating utilizing surface guidance for use in particle therapy. A commercial dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns recorded by the GateRT respiratory monitoring system. The amplitudes and periods of recorded breathing patterns were analysed and compared to planned patterns (ground‐truth). In addition, the mean absolute deviations (MAD) and Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) between the measurements and ground‐truth were assessed. Measurements of gated and non‐gated irradiations were also analysed with respect to dosimetry and geometry, and compared to treatment planning system (TPS). Further, the latency time of beam on/off was evaluated. Compared to the ground‐truth, measurements performed with GateRT showed amplitude differences between 0.03 ± 0.02 mm and 0.26 ± 0.03 mm for regular and irregular breathing patterns, whilst periods of both breathing patterns ranged with a standard deviation between 10 and 190 ms. Furthermore, the GateRT software precisely acquired breathing patterns with a maximum MAD of 0.30 ± 0.23 mm. The PCC constantly ranged between 0.998 and 1.000. Comparisons between TPS and measured dose profiles indicated absolute mean dose deviations within institutional tolerances of ±5%. Geometrical beam characteristics also varied within our institutional tolerances of 1.5 mm. The overall time delays were <60 ms and thus within both recommended tolerances published by ESTRO and AAPM of 200 and 100 ms, respectively. In this study, a non‐invasive optical surface‐guided workflow including image acquisition, treatment planning, patient positioning and gated irradiation at an ion‐beam gantry was investigated, and shown to be clinically viable. Based on phantom measurements, our results show a clinically‐appropriate spatial, temporal, and dosimetric accuracy when using surface guidance in the clinical setting, and the results comply with international and institutional guidelines and tolerances.
Bi‐Functional Phosphine Oxide Passivator for Efficient Near‐Infrared Sn‐Based Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Ultra‐Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan , Guan Xiang , Weng Yalian , Lu Jianxun , Li Yuqing , Zhao Yaping , Li Mingliang , Feng Wenjing , Sun Chao , Lin Junpeng , Wei Zhanhua
Published: December 2023

Recently, lead‐free Sn‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted wide attention due to their near‐infrared emission and environmental friendliness. However, desired Sn2+ is easily oxidized to Sn4+ in the crystallization process, resulting in defects and intrinsically p‐doped properties in the perovskite films. The uncontrollable oxidation affects the charge injection balance and radiative recombination, leading to poor device performance. Herein, a bi‐functional conductive molecular, 2,7‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (SPPO13) with two P═O functional groups, is used to interact with perovskite to passivate defects and suppress the oxidation of Sn2+. Moreover, the SPPO13 modification layer inserted between the perovskite emitter and the electron transport layer can regulate the carrier injection and transport, thus promoting the charge balance. As a result, the high‐performance near‐infrared CsSnI3 PeLEDs with a record external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.60% and ultra‐low efficiency roll‐off are achieved. The work provides a novel approach to regulate defect passivation and charge transport for efficient Sn‐based PeLEDs.
H‐Bond Modulation Mechanism for Moisture‐driven Bacteriostat Evolved from Phytochemical Formulation
Authors: Zhang Xinai , Wang Zhuanlong , Huang Xiaowei , Hu Xuetao , Li Yanxiao , Zhou Yue , Wang Xin , Zhang Roujia , Wei Xiaoou , Zhai Xiaodong , Zhang Junjun , Li Zhihua , Zhang Yang , Zou Yucheng , Shi Yongqiang , Shen Tingting , Sun Jinyuan , Kang Shifei , Shi Jiyong , Zou Xiaobo
Published: December 2023

The development of environment‐friendly bacteriostats in humid atmosphere is designated as a crucial step pointing to sustainable antibiotic‐free alterative. Thanks to the excellent biosafety and intrinsic bacteriostatic attributes, bioactive phytochemical formulations become a fascinating substitute for traditional antibiotics; yet, it remains a challenge to deliver them toward moisture‐activated bacteriostatic application due to the unclear release mechanism and bacteriostatic behavior. Benefitting from “green” metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) evolved from natural γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) and potassium ion (K+), an intelligent moisture‐activated phytochemical formulation is developed, which is featured by grafting bacteriostatic vanillin (a specific phytochemical extracted from Rutaceae vanilla bean) into microporous structure of MOFs via ligand implantation mechanism. According to the molecular simulation docking, the dominant pattern of host–guest structure is characteristic for H‐bond with a length of 1.9 Å, beneficial for the sterling adsorption capacity. Nevertheless, under moisture exposure, the intermolecular H‐bond is disrupted for vanillin release to destroy bacterial membrane structure, accelerate protein decomposition, and especially inhibit virulence gene transcription of cfa gene in Escherichia coli and sea gene in Staphylococcus aureus, directing to upgrade the insights into the bacteriostatic potency of phytochemicals in high‐humidity circumstance.
Nitric Oxide‐Based Nanomedicines for Conquering TME Fortress: Say “NO” to Insufficient Tumor Treatment
Authors: Xiang Yuting , Chen Qiaohui , Nan Yayun , Liu Min , Xiao Zuoxiu , Yang Yuqi , Zhang Jinping , Ying Xiaohong , Long Xingyu , Wang Shuya , Sun Jian , Huang Qiong , Ai Kelong
Published: December 2023

Almost all cancer treatments are significantly limited by the strong tumor microenvironment (TME) fortress formed by abnormal vasculature, dense extracellular matrix (ECM), multidrug resistance (MDR) system, and immune “cold” environment. In the huge efforts of dismantling the TME fortress, nitric oxide (NO)‐based nanomedicines are increasingly occupying a central position and have already been identified as super “strong polygonal warriors” to dismantle TME fortress for efficient cancer treatment, benefiting from NO's unique physicochemical properties and extremely fascinating biological effects. However, there is a paucity of systematic review to elaborate on the progress and fundamental mechanism of NO‐based nanomedicines in oncology from this aspect. Herein, the key characteristics of TME fortress and the potential of NO in reprogramming TME are delineated and highlighted. The evolution of NO donors and the advantages of NO‐based nanomedicines are discussed subsequently. Moreover, the latest progress of NO‐based nanomedicines for solid tumors is comprehensively reviewed, including normalizing tumor vasculature, overcoming ECM barrier, reversing MDR, and reactivating the immunosuppression TME. Lastly, the prospects, limitations, and future directions on NO‐based nanomedicines for TME manipulation are discussed to provide new insights into the construction of more applicable anticancer nanomedicines.
Building Near‐Unity Stacked (002) Texture for High‐Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Wei Tingting , Zhang Hong , Ren Yingke , Mo Li'e , He Yi , Tan Peng , Huang Yang , Li Zhaoqian , Zhu Daming , Hu Linhua
Published: December 2023

Dendrite‐free Zn anode is the key to avoiding battery failure, which is largely determined by the crystal growth during the electrodeposition process. Therefore, controlling the specific crystal orientation growth of Zn is imperative for high‐performing aqueous zinc ion batteries. Herein, an electrocrystallization orientation regulation strategy is proposed to achieve near‐unity stacked Zn (002) texture growth. Featuring the zincophilic nature and high electronegative carboxylate radical, disodium maleate molecules tend to selectively adsorb on the Zn (002) crystal plane, forming a dynamic protection layer. This adsorption layer regulates Zn2+ diffusion along [100] and [101] orientations with the lowest deposition rate on the (002) plane, homogenizes Zn2+ flux, and keeps away water from Zn surface, constructing the flattened and horizontally arranged Zn deposition layer with dominantly Zn (002) texture and inhibited side‐reaction. Consequently, the Zn anode with near‐unity stacked (002) texture exhibits a 40‐fold enhancement in running lifetime beyond 3200 h and improved coulombic efficiency of 99.81% over 3000 cycles than that with bare ZnSO4 electrolyte. Even at harsh plating/stripping conditions of 30 and 30 mAh cm−2, the Zn anode still sustains state‐of‐the‐art stability over 120 h, enabling a substantial advance in the long‐term stability of the battery.
Deep Separation Between In(III) and Fe(III) Ions by Regulating the Lewis Basicity of Adsorption Sites on Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Lin , Xu Damin , Cheng Nianshou , Wang Mingyue , Shao Penghui , Yang Liming , Yao Ziwei , Zhao Chun , Feng Jian , Luo Xubiao
Published: December 2023

The deep separation between In(III) and Fe(III) ions is considered as an important technological challenge in the engineering fields. The In(III) ions are closer to the soft acid in terms of Lewis acidity due to the smaller polarizability and greater deformability than the Fe(III) ions, which facilitates the possibility of separating them. Herein, the Lewis basicity of the N‐containing adsorption sites is regulated by the fluorine‐containing group to better match with the In(III) ions rather than Fe(III) ions, causing a significant discrepancy in the binding of the adsorption sites to them. Moreover, targeted programmed desorption techniques based on the potential energy differences of the adsorption sites can achieve the deep separation of In(III) and Fe(III) ions, and reach an exceptional concentration of 20.7 mmol L−1 for In(III) ions in the initial desorption solution with extremely high mass ratio (mIn/mFe = 151.7). This work provides a novel technique for in‐depth separation of In(III) and Fe(III) ions from mixed systems, and a new strategy for separating metal ions with similar or close properties.
Lysosome‐Inspired Enclosed and Deep Surface Decontamination Strategy for Management of Peri‐Implant Infections
Authors: Hu Xingyu , Xie Li , Xu Zhaoyu , Huo Fangjun , Shu Guoqiang , He Kun , Fan Linli , Zhang Ruitao , Liu Suru , Mai Yao , He Min , Liao Li , Tang Wei , Tian Weidong
Published: December 2023

Surface decontamination is a crucial step in the treatment of peri‐implant infections, yet deep and mild cleansing techniques are lacking. Drawing inspiration from lysosomes, which enclose hydrolytic enzymes within their membranes to safely and effectively degrade organics within cells, the use of a near‐infrared (NIR)/H2O2‐activated TiO2‐x‐Alginate system for enclosed and deep surface decontamination is proposed. It leverages synergistically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate bacterial contaminants, mimicking the process of lysosomal digestion. By employing Ca2+ spray‐induced surface gelation, the TiO2‐x and H2O2 around implant surface are enclosed, creating a membrane‐like isolation. This system robustly degrades extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)‐mimic biomacromolecules, removes organic residues (OR) from both mono‐species (Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis) biofilm and polymicrobial ex vivo biofilm of peri‐implantitis, while avoiding healthy tissue irritation. Encouragingly, this system has also demonstrated powerful decontamination capabilities when applied to clinic‐retrieved infected dental implants. Notably, this technique restores the pristine implant surface topography and chemical composition, which are further revealed by the minimal inflammation response observed in macrophage culture and subcutaneous implantation. Consequently, osteoblast functionalities are effectively restored, and re‐osseointegration in vivo is also greatly enhanced. Thus, this deep decontamination strategy holds great promise for clinical applications in managing peri‐implant infections.
3D Printed Implantable Hydrogel Bioelectronics for Electrophysiological Monitoring and Electrical Modulation
Authors: Wang Fucheng , Xue Yu , Chen Xingmei , Zhang Pei , Shan Liangjie , Duan Qingfang , Xing Junfei , Lan Yang , Lu Baoyang , Liu Ji
Published: December 2023

Electronic devices based on conducting polymer hydrogels have emerged as one of the most promising implantable bioelectronics for electrophysiological monitoring and diagnosis of a wide spectrum of diseases, in light of their distinct conductivity and biocompatibility. However, most conducting polymer hydrogels‐based bioelectronics are routinely fabricated through conventional techniques, which are challenged by its intrinsic poor processability of conducting polymers, as well as the essentially fragile biointerface, thus hampering their rapid innovation and application in advanced implantable bioelectronics. Here, 3D printable hydrogels based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is reported, featuring superior 3D printability for direct ink writing (DIW), tissue‐like mechanical compliance (Young's modulus of 650 kPa), instant and tough bioadhesion (interfacial toughness of 200 J m−2 and shear strength of 120 kPa), highly‐tunable electrical properties, as well as long‐term in vitro and in vivo structural and electrochemical robustness. Electro‐physiological studies rat heart models with normal or arrhythmic conditions highlight the capabilities of establishing conformal biointerface with the dynamic organs, allowing for long‐term and high‐precision spatiotemporary epicardial electrophysiological monitoring, as well as electrical modulation of acute myocardial infarction (MI) model. These advances provide a promising strategy to improve the tissue‐electronics interfacing, and could serve as the basis for the next generation bioelectronics toward healthcare monitoring, diagnosis and medical therapies.
Dielectrophoretic Capture of Cancer‐Derived Small‐Extracellular‐Vesicle‐Bound Janus Nanoparticles via Lectin–Glycan Interaction
Authors: Choi Yonghyun , Akyildiz Kubra , Seong Jihyun , Lee Yangwoo , Jeong Eunseo , Park Jin‐seok , Lee Don Haeng , Kim Kyobum , Koo Hyung‐Jun , Choi Jonghoon
Published: December 2023

Glycosylation is closely related to cellular metabolism and disease progression. In particular, glycan levels in cancer cells and tissues increase during cancer progression. This upregulation of glycosylation in cancer cells may provide a basis for the development of new biomarkers for the targeting and diagnosis of specific cancers. Here, they developed a detection technology for pancreatic cancer cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (PC‐sEVs) based on lectin–glycan interactions. Lectins specific for sialic acids are conjugated to Janus nanoparticles to induce interactions with PC‐sEVs in a dielectrophoretic (DEP) system. PC‐sEVs are selectively bound to the lectin‐conjugated Janus nanoparticles (lectin–JNPs) with an affinity comparable to that of conventionally used carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) antibodies. Furthermore, sEVs‐bound Lectin–JNPs (sEVs‐Lec‐JNPs) are manipulated between two electrodes to which an AC signal is applied for DEP capture. In addition, the proposed DEP system can be used to trap the sEVs–Lec–JNP on the electrodes. Their results, which are confirmed by lectin–JNPs using the proposed DEP system followed by target gene analysis, provide a basis for the development of a new early diagnostic marker based on the glycan characteristics of PC‐sEVs. In turn, these novel detection methods could overcome the shortcomings of commercially available pancreatic cancer detection techniques.
Chiral Quantum Materials: When Chemistry Meets Physics
Authors: Wang Xia , Yi Changjiang , Felser Claudia
Published: December 2023

Chirality is a fundamental property of nature with relevance in biochemistry and physics, particularly in the field of catalysis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying chirality transfer is crucial for advancing the knowledge of chiral‐related catalysis. Chiral quantum materials with intriguing chirality‐dependent electronic properties, such as spin‐orbital coupling (SOC) and exotic spin/orbital angular momentum (SAM/OAM), open novel avenues for linking solid‐state topologies with chiral catalysis. In this review, the growth of topological homochiral crystals (THCs) is described, and their applications in heterogeneous catalysis, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen electrocatalysis, and asymmetric catalysis are summarized. A possible link between chirality‐dependent electronic properties and heterogeneous catalysis is discussed. Finally, existing challenges in this field are highlighted, and a brief outlook on the impact of THCs on the overarching chemical–physical research is presented.
Carbonyl Fused Organoboron Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Bathochromic‐Shifted Narrowband OLED
Authors: Yang Zhihai , Yang Guo‐Xi , Jiang Simin , Li Mengke , Qiu Weidong , Peng Xiaomei , Shen Chenyang , Gan Yiyang , Liu Kunkun , Li Deli , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: December 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds are prospective materials for highly efficient narrowband organic light‐emitting diodes. Specifically, boron‐nitrogen doped PAHs exhibit multiple resonance (MR) effect toward thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and narrow full width at half‐maximum (FWHM). Currently, the molecular design strategy for bathochromic‐shifted narrowband MR‐TADF emitters is a hotspot and challenging puzzle. Herein, a carbonyl is fused in the boron‐nitrogen doped PAH for constructing a boron/nitrogen/carbonyl MR‐TADF emitter. Benefiting from the carbonyl, the developed emitter exhibits enhanced intramolecular charge transfer and decreased reorganization energy, which displays bathochromic‐shifted narrowband emission pertinently. As a consequence, the proof‐of‐concept compound TCZBAO achieves an emission peak at 522 nm and narrow FWHM of 39 nm, while the carbonyl‐free TCZBAC exhibits an emission peak at 502 nm and FWHM of 46 nm. Maximum external quantum efficiencies of 36.1 % and 32.4 % are realized for the devices based on TCZBAO and TCZBAC, respectively, indicating the guiding significance of the proposed design strategy for developing bathochromic‐shifted narrowband MR‐TADF emitters.
Julia‐Kocienski‐Like Connective C−C and C=C Bond‐Forming Reaction
Authors: Bon David J.‐Y. D. , Chrenko Daniel , Kováč Ondřej , Ferugová Vendula , Lasák Pavel , Fuksová Markéta , Zálešák František , Pospíšil Jiří
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present a one‐pot protocol that enables a straightforward and selective transformation of alkyl benzothiazol‐2‐yl and phenyltetrazol‐2‐yl sulfones and acyl chlorides into ketones, E‐olefins, Z‐olefins, and even pyrroles. The final product of the reaction depends on the proper choice of the reaction workup. Notably, the protocol designed for olefin formation allows a switch between E‐ and Z‐olefin formation by the correct choice of the reaction workup. These developed protocols facilitate the formation of all compounds under mild reaction conditions, as evidenced by the synthesis of (nitro)‐fatty acids, and the concept can be extended to other product formations, as demonstrated by the synthesis of pyrroles.
Direct Synthesis of (E)‐β‐(Thiocyanato)vinyl Sulfones by 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Alkynes with Sulfinic Acids and Potassium Thiocyanate
Authors: Jin Haoru , Shi Wei , Zhou Chao , Li Hongji , Wang Lei , Miao Tao
Published: December 2023

A direct thiocyanatosulfonation of alkynes with sulfinic acids and potassium thiocyanate was developed at room temperature. This method provided a efficient and practical pathway to selectively access (E)‐β‐(thiocyanato)vinyl sulfones by two C−S bonds formation in one step under metal‐free condition. The advantages of this method included simple reaction conditions, easily available starting materials, good functional group compatibility, high regio‐ and stereoselectivity and good to excellent yields of products.
Electrochemical 1,3‐Oxofluorination of Gem‐Difluoro Cyclopropanes: Approach to α‐CF3‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Dutt Shiv , Kumar Rakesh , Banerjee Nakshatra , Saha Debarshi , Banerjee Prabal
Published: December 2023

An electrochemical methodology for the construction of α‐CF3‐substituted carbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields under exogenous metal and oxidant‐free conditions has been developed. The protocol involves the single‐electron oxidation of the aryl ring to generate a radical cation followed by a three‐electron SN2 reaction resulting in the formation of α‐CF3 substituted ketones.
Photocatalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Followed by Carbonyl Stereoselective Bioreduction for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fernández Laura , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente
Published: December 2023

Oxidative alkene cleavage of a series of (hetero)aryl alkyl styrenes in aqueous medium has been developed using either 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium perchlorate ([AcrMes]ClO4) and sodium anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (SAS) as photosensitizers under blue LED irradiation. Reaction conditions were studied to find a suitable media for the development of a linear cascade after subsequent stereoselective reduction of the corresponding ketone intermediate. The use of cesium carbonate provided an adequate pH to the reaction medium for the alcohol dehydrogenase action. [AcrMes]ClO4 was found to be the best photocatalyst, allowing the development of concurrent or sequential cascades depending on the ability of the photosensitizer to oxidize back the chiral alcohol to the ketone. Overall, the photobiocatalytic approach has allowed the synthesis of a wide number of alcohol compounds, the formation of (S)‐ or (R)‐enantiomers being attained with excellent stereoselectivity and moderate to good yields.
How to Interpret Transient Absorption Data?: An Overview of Case Studies for Application to Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tamai Yasunari , Murata Yasuhiro , Natsuda Shin‐ichiro , Sakamoto Yuji
Published: December 2023

Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is a time‐resolved spectroscopic technique that can quantitatively observe temporal changes in the absorption spectrum associated with transient species, such as excitons and charges. Therefore, it is extensively used in photophysics, photochemistry, and photobiology. TAS plays a crucial role in unveiling charge generation and recombination dynamics in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the interpretation of TA data is sometimes difficult for those who are not familiar with TAS. In this Perspective, therefore, the utility of TAS is briefly explained in studying OSCs and highlight key considerations for interpreting TA data. Measuring TA data at appropriate excitation fluence and appropriate spectral assignment are essential to correctly interpret photophysics of OSCs. With this Perspective, it aims to offer readers sufficient advice to enable them to perform TA measurements appropriately and interpret the TA data correctly.
Li/Ni Intermixing: The Real Origin of Lattice Oxygen Stability in Co‐Free Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Song Yijun , Cui Yongpeng , Geng Lin , Li Bingyu , Ge Lina , Zhou Li , Qiu Zhijian , Nan Jun , Wu Wei , Xu Han , Li Xuejin , Yan Zifeng , Xue Qingzhong , Tang Yongfu , Xing Wei
Published: December 2023

The Co‐free Ni‐rich layered cathode materials with excellent structural stability and low‐cost in Ni‐rich family are emerging as the promising candidates for the next generation of high‐energy density cathodes. Previously, Mn is generally regarded as the structural stabilizer in Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes, while the role of inevitable Li/Ni intermixing is underestimated. Herein, the study reveals that the real origin of the lattice oxygen/structure stability of Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes is dominated more by Li/Ni intermixing than the widely accepted Mn. In the Li/Ni intermixing configuration, the intermixed Ni ions can suppress the oxidation of lattice oxygen by increasing the formation energy of oxygen vacancy and reducing charge compensation. Besides, the Li vacancy formed via the delithiation of intermixed Li in transition metal layer can serve as O2 capture sites. This dual stabilization mechanism is proposed and proved to be effectively in enhancing the reversibility of lattice oxygen and the stability of material structural. This work sheds light on the mechanism of stabilizing lattice oxygen through Li/Ni intermixing, which provides new insights for designing better batteries.
Is the long‐tailed macaque at risk of extinction?
Authors: Hilborn Ray , Smith David R.
Published: December 2023

We review the evidence that long‐tailed macaques are at risk of extinction and find that papers supporting this argument present no data supporting a hypothesized decline in abundance. These papers contain numerous misrepresentations of the published literature. Long‐tailed macaques thrive in human‐altered habitats, are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as an invasive species of concern, and have shown the ability to increase by 7%–10% per year from low numbers, making the probability of extinction very low.
Effect of Alkali‐ and Alkaline‐Earth‐Metal Promoters on Silica‐Supported Co−Fe Alloy for Autocatalytic CO2 Fixation
Authors: Song Youngdong , Beyazay Tuğçe , Tüysüz Harun
Published: December 2023

Hydrothermal vents harbor numerous microbial communities rich in reduced carbon species such as formate, acetate, and hydrocarbons. Such essential chemicals for life are produced by H2‐dependent CO2 reduction, where serpentinization provides continuous H2 and thermal energy. Here, we show that silica‐supported bimetallic Co−Fe alloys, naturally occurring minerals around serpentinite, can convert CO2 and H2O to key metabolic intermediates of the acetyl coenzyme A pathway such as formate (up to 72 mM), acetate, and pyruvate under mild hydrothermal vent conditions. Long‐chain hydrocarbons up to C6 including propene are also detected, just as in the Lost City hydrothermal field. The effects of promoters on structural properties and catalytic functionalities of the Co−Fe alloy are systematically investigated by incorporating a series of alkali and alkaline earth metals including Na, Mg, K, and Ca. Alkali and alkaline earth metals resulted in higher formate concentrations when dissolved in water and increased reaction pH, while alkaline earth metals also favored the formation of insoluble hydroxides and carbonates similar to the constituent minerals of the chimneys at the Lost City hydrothermal fields.