bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency aortic root replacement with the Bioconduit stentless aortic valve conduit
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, 011356, Bucharest, Romania, TULIN ADRIAN , STIRU OVIDIU , MIULESCU MIRUNA LUANA , RADUCU LAURA , GEANA ROXANA CARMEN , IULIAN SLAVU , ILIESCU VLAD ANTON
Published: October 2020

This report concerns a 73-year-old woman who presented with asymptomatic aortic root an-eurysm with severe aortic regurgitation. The purpose of this article is to present our first successful case for emergency aortic root replacement (Bentall operation) that involves annular implantation of a pericardial valved conduit (Bioconduit TM, Biointegral Surgical, Inc., Ontario, Canada) and to discuss some essential technical clue issues related to this approach.
The effect of Bacillus licheniformis as direct-fed microbial product on growth performance, gastrointestinal disorders and microflora population in weaning piglets
Authors:   National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Biotechnology, Calea Bucuresti, no. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania, DUMITRU MIHAELA , HABEANU MIHAELA , LEFTER NICOLETA AURELIA , GHEORGHE ANCA
Published: October 2020

The direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplied as live bacteria represents an alternative to antibiotics for maintaining health and performance in weaning piglets. It was been recognized as probiotic products. Early weaning is a valuable model to get improved efficiency and economical profits in the modern intensive swine industry, but negative factors as diarrhea diminished feed intake, weight loss and gastrointestinal disturbances which can affect the piglet health functions with serious economic costs. To resolve postweaning complications, probiotics have been used as a good alternative for improving and modulate intestinal health by stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria that compete with harmful bacteria or some desirable species. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two levels of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 21424 (BL) as DFM on performance growth, gastrointestinal (GI) and fecal microflora population, diarrhea incidence and pH evolution in weaning piglets. Our results indicate that BL-DFM has a probiotic potential and can be used as a possible antibiotics substitute to enhance growth rate, favored intestinal microflora, with a high reduction of piglets diarrhea incidence.
Test of some insecticides for Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. control, in organic agriculture conditions
Authors:   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania, TOADER MARIA , GEORGESCU EMIL , IONESCU ALINA MARIA , ȘONEA COSMIN
Published: October 2020

The research focus to study the effectiveness of some active substances of insecticides for the control of maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis) in the organic agriculture conditions at the Plant Protection Laboratory of National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea (NARDI). In experiment, were used some permitted active substances in organic farming, according to Annex 2 of Regulation 889/2008 for the pests control, respectively: neem oil, spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis for treatment of seeds and the same products applied in vegetation period of maize plant. The highest value of saved plants was 82.78% for treatment of maize seeds with neem oil and for spinosad applied in vegetation with 79.78%. The attack intensity had the highest level in the untreatment variant (5.90) and the lowest was in the variant of seed treated with neem oil (3.72). In conclusion, this experiment demonstrates the good efficacy of these products, that could be an alternative method for pest control in organic farming, in Romania.
Distribution and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria associated with lychee fruits
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, Deming Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan, NAN LIN-HU , CHEN YI-SHENG , WU HUI-CHUNG , SU YU-CHING , LIAO MIN-CHIN , YANAGIDA FUJITOSHI
Published: October 2020

Lychee is a popular fruit in China and southeastern Asia. Although it is very popular, the microbiota of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with lychee remains poorly described. Lychee samples from seven different markets located in three cities in Taiwan were collected and a total of 104 LAB were isolated. Through RFLP analyses of 16S rDNA and rpoA genes for grouping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these isolates were finally divided into 6 groups (A to F). The most common genera of LAB in lychee samples were Weissella and Leuconostoc. Weissella confusa strain E was found to produce a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes and some other Gram-positive bacteria. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the bacteriocin mass to be approximately 3426.77 Da, which is different to other known Weissella bacteriocins. In addition, strain MB7 included in the genus Leuconostoc was identified as potential novel species or subspecies on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, rpoA and pheS gene sequences. Thus, this is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB associated with lychee fruits. In addition, one potential novel LAB species or subspecies and one potential novel bacteriocin were also reported in this study.
Effects of disinfectant solutions incorporated in dental stone on setting expansion, compression and flexural strength of dental models
Authors:   Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, OANCEA LUMINIȚA , BILINSCHI LORELAI GEORGETA , BURLIBAȘA MIHAI , PETRE ALEXANDRU , SANDU MARIN , COSTELA ȘERBAN , DELIU BIANCA , TĂNASE GABRIELA , PERIEANU VIOREL ȘTEFAN , COSTEA RADU , PERIEANU MĂDĂLINA VIOLETA , DAVID MIHAI , ANDREI OANA CELLA , MALIȚA MĂDĂLINA ADRIANA , MARCOV NARCIS , GLIGOR MIHAELA ROMANIȚA , IONESCU CAMELIA , PAVĂL BOGDAN , CRISTACHE CORINA MARILENA , IONESCU ILEANA
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the study: The aim of the study is to analyze the way the disinfectants embedded in the plaster affect the setting linear dimensional stability, flexural and compressive strength of dental stone models. Material and Methods: Samples were made of type IV dental stone in which different disinfectants had been incorporated (sodium hypochlorite 1%, chlorhexidine 2%) in two concentrations (50%, 100%), thus obtaining four test groups. Mentioned parameters are measured using a micro comparison device and an universal testing machine, analyzing statistically the results in comparison with the control group, prepared by standard indications. Results: Disinfectants cause a decrease of the setting expansion value (ΔL) compared to the standard group in all type of mixing percentage. Variations of compressive and flexural strength are statistically significant, particularly when adding 100% of hypochlorite 1%. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, replacing the distilled water with disinfectants, alter the value of setting expansion and cause the model dental stone to be brittle in compression and bending.
Evaluating the role of the working environment on to skin and upper respiratory tract microbiota of museum workers
Authors:   The National Institute of Research and Development on Occupational Safety “Alexandru Darabont” Bucharest, Laboratory Chemical and Biological Risks Bucharest, Romania, SCARLAT IULIANA PAMELA , STROE ROXANA , DIŢU LIA-MARA , CURUŢIU CARMEN , CHIURTU ELENA RUXANDRA , STĂNCULESCU IOANA , CHIFIRIUC MARIANA CARMEN , LAZĂR VERONICA
Published: October 2020

Aims: The aim of the study was the investigation of the composition of cultivable microbiota colonizing the skin and the upper respiratory tract mucosa of museum workers, in order to evaluate the potential occupational risk to their health and wellbeing. Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 50 workers of a Romanian museum, for which their hands, noses and throats were sampled using sterile swabs.The API tests were used to identify the β-hemolytic strains, and penicillin and the cefoxitin susceptibility test was performed for Staphylococccus sp. strains. Results: This study showed that a high percentage of the museum workers presented changes in the normal oropharyngeal and skin cultivable microbiota, indicated by the presence of dysbiosis, β-hemolytic microorganisms, methicillin and penicillin resistant staphylococci. The identification step revealed species of staphylococci which showed high levels of resistance to penicillin and methicillin. Conclusions: The highlighted opportunistic and antibiotic resistant bacterial strains may be a risk factor for workers. The work environment should be further investigated as a possible source of contamination, since some of the species identified in the present study were also identified in a former study, made in the same museum, showing the possibility that contamination has occurred at the workplace.
Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of wild growing and in vitro Hypericum heterophyllum
Authors:   Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey, YAMAN CENNET
Published: October 2020

In vitro cultures of Hypericum heterophyllum Vent. was established by using MS and MS-B5 medium contained plant growth regulators such as kinetin, BAP, IAA, TDZ and picloram. Flower, leaf, stem and in vitro samples (callus and in vitro plantlets) of H. heterophyllum were analysed by LC-MS/MS for their chemical contents such as quinic acid, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin; moreover their radical scavening activities conducted by DPPH and ABTS methods were evaluated. Among all the analysed samples, the in vitro plantlets shown the highest antioxidant activity (IC50, 220 μg/mL for DPPH and 254 μg/mL for ABTS), probably due to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, specifically the higher total phenolic content (64.4 mg GAE/g extract) than other samples. The phytochemical variation among all samples was discussed through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The in vitro plantlets might offer possibilities for the production of high-value secondary metabolites as pharmaceuticals and food preservatives. This study is the first report on analyses and comparison of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in different plant parts and in vitro samples of endemic H. heterophyllum.
SAFEty and efficacy of autologous bone marrow – derived mononuclear stem cell therapy in patients with severe chronic ischemic Heart Failure – rationale and design
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Romania, MICHEU MIRUNA M. , POPA-FOTEA NICOLETA M. , BATAILA VLAD , OPRESCU NICOLETA , DOROBANTU MARIA
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this study is to explore the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow – derived mononuclear stem cell therapy in patients with severe chronic ischemic heart failure on short to medium-term (1-3 months). The SAFE-HF trial is a prospective, single center, two-arm, controlled trial with blind evaluation of endpoints. Target population will consist of patients with heart failure due to prior extensive myocardial infarction and left ventricle ejection fraction of less than 35% – namely the population with the highest risk of adverse events and the highest mortality. All patients will be treated with the state of the art reperfusion – primary percutaneous coronary intervention and also with guidelinebased optimal medical therapy. The stem cell injection will be performed 1 to 3 months after the acute event; evolution of stem cell treated patients will be compared with matched control–cases. Comprehensive assessment of outcomes will be done at 1 and 3 months follow-up; serum biomarkers, cardiac structural and physiological parameters, functional capacity and health-related quality of life will be evaluated. This pilot study possibly will serve as a foundation for designing future trials.
An Atypical Case of Cluster Convulsions with Gastroenteritis in a child harboring a likely benign heterozygous variant of the NTRK2 gene
Authors:   Dr. Victor Gomoiu Children’s Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, CARAPANCEA EVELINA , ROZA EUGENIA , NEDELEA FLORINA MIHAELA , PUIU MARIA , TELEANU RALUCA IOANA
Published: October 2020

Convulsions in the context of mild diarrhea were first described in 1982 by Morooka K. There is a description of seasonal, etiological and age distribution of cases. The role of genetic involvement in the mechanism of CwG is not yet well understood. In this report we present a case of a 3-year-old boy with convulsions with mild gastroenteritis and “de novo” heterozygous variant in NTRK2 gene that was classified as benign. The clinical context with developmental delay and dysmorphic features suggests, however, a possible genetic cause in this case. Further comprehensive re-evaluation of sequencing data, possibly with additional clinical information, is advised.
Phytochemical and microbial analyses of Berberis sp. extracts
Authors: UNGUREAN CORNELIA , CARPA RAHELA , CÂMPEAN RAMONA , MAIOR MARIA CORNELIA , OLAH NELI-KINGA
Published: October 2020

In the near past the use of herbs for health enhanced and scientists are studying new anti-microbial phytochemicals. Although plants have a wide variety of secondary metabolites, very few are still used as antimicrobial. This study performes phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of ethanolic extracts from Berberis vulgaris and Berberis aquifolium. Extracts were prepared from stem and root bark of Berberis sp. with 70% ethanol. After obtaining the plant extracts qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis were performed through spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, reversed phase HPLC and UV-VIS spectra. The results showed that B. aquifolium extract has a bigger concentration of alkaloids (5.555%) than B. vulgaris extract (4.161%). The analysis from reversed phase HPLC showed that berberine concentration in B. aquifolium is 0.515 mg/ml and in B. vulgaris extract is 1.369 mg/ml, so in oregon grape is found a smaller concentration of berberine than in common barberry. The plant extracts were tested on Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) bacteria. We found inhibition between 10-12 mm on S. aureus and on E. coli between 8-10 mm. The extracts exhibited a stronger activity versus S. aureus, which demonstrates that berberine extracts are usefull in treatment of infections.
Influence of water deficit on morphological, physiological and growth of Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
Authors:   Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Uiniversidad Catolica de Temuco, Chile, VERA PETER , ASTORGA-ELÓ MARCIA , SEVERE ROLORD , MORANTE LAURA , MORANTE JAIME , MONTENEGRO JHON , DUMORNÉ KELLY
Published: October 2020

Water is one of the main factors that influence the growth and development of plants. Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) is a fast-growing tropical tree species with a great demand in the international market. The influence of soil, water deficit on morphological, physiological, and the growth of Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) with and without irrigation was investigated. For this study, four random repetitions were carried out in a randomized complete block design. The plants were irrigated regularly with furrow irrigation. The timing of irrigation was based on the soil, water potential, according to treatment criteria. All pots were irrigated at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. Genomic DNA of O. Pyramidale was identified by ERIC-PCR and RAPD, while phylogenetic tree was determined using the UPGMA method. The results showed that leave number, shoot number, stem elongation and stem diameter were affected significantly (P 0.05) were observed, while stomata length remained high (> 20 µm) and stomata diameter was decreased during evaluation days in plants without irrigation compared to control. DNA of eight plants isolated showed different band profiles. In conclusion, the parameters evaluated can be used as a measure of water stress, growers should be careful when using O. Pyramidale in both nursery and orchards where water scarcity is present.
A microscopic study on the intercanalar isthmuses of the maxillary premolars and associated iatrogenic cracks
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Bucharest, Romania, PERLEA PAULA , IOANA SUCIU , CIOCARDEL MIHAI , BARTOK RUXANDRA IOANA , VOICULEANU MONICA , SCARLATESCU SANZIANA , TANASE MIHAELA , CHIRILA MIHAELA , AMZA OANA , DAINA LUCIA , ILIESCU ALEXANDRU
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this microscopic investigation, using stereomicroscopy and light transmited microscopy was to evaluate the configuration of the endodontic treated maxillary premolars, making correlations between the presence of the intercanalar isthmuses and also, to identify possible associated fracture lines. We also evaluated the thickness of the tertiary dentinal layer (irritation dentin layer). The study was based on microscopic investigation on thin sections on fragments or separate preparations resulting from 12 premolars that were clinically compromised. The tertiary dentin is deposited in response to irritations and moderate intensity injuries. As the tendency of crack propagation is directed to the areas corresponding to the root canal towards one of the root surfaces (which is the closest) the crackline – almost without exception, is more or less arched, without detecting an eventual crack in a straight line.
Economic efficiency of conversion of classical fish farm in organic by use of wastes fish in Green Houses
Authors:   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Biotechnology, 59 Mărăşti Blvd, Bucharest, Romania, ONIGA CATALIN COSTIN , MOCUTA DORINA , CRISTEA STELICA , JURCOANE ŞTEFANA
Published: October 2020

The scientific approach of the following paper refers to an integrated system between aquaculture and hydroponics called aquaponics, a sustainable technology of producing food and diminishing waste. Implementing an aquaponic system would be a response to the drastic global changes such as climate imbalance, soil degradation, water shortage, population growth and so on. Building a system of this kind should be highly related to its economic perspective. There is scarce research regarding the economic expectation and too irrelevant to conclude a point of view. A good example of a similar practice has been applied to Cornell University (US-Professor Michael Timmons). Engineering input and perspective on responsible aquaculture development with an emphasis on business management and formation were provided to us. Considering this, we find it very challenging and we are determined to test the application of an aquaponic system in the hospitality business sector. The advantages of this application are: fresh fish and quality greens, small production surface, controlled environment, sufficient income to sustain a family and tourism development in Danube regions. The investment, overall performance and economic return are management dependent. A real risk evaluation process could improve the system added value.
Research on the growth and development of some varieties of Lavandula Angustifolia (Mill.) in the South-East of Romania
Authors:   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Bld, District 1, Bucharest, 011464, Romania, MIHALAȘCU COSTEL , BOLOHAN CIPRIAN , TUDOR VALERICA , MIHALACHE MIRCEA , TEODORESCU RĂZVAN IONUȚ
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the canopy volume of lavender shrubs as a morphologic trait influenced by variety and also to evaluate the development of the root system on a Chromic Luvisol with an argic B horizon. The crop was established in 2017 at Belciugatele Didactic Station/Moara Domnească Farm (44°30′ North, 26°15′ East) using the following lavender varieties: Sevstopolis, Vera, Hidcote, and Buena Vista. During 2017-2019, plants’ height and diameters were measured at harvest, and these observations were used to determine lavender shrubs’ canopy volume, by applying the derived ellipsoid volume formula. Varieties (A) obtained different values in terms of canopy volumes, and these values also varied under the influence of the different doses and combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers (B). The highest canopy volume was registered by Vera, with values ranging from 0.0557 m3 (1st year, Control) and 0.0944 m3 (3rd year, organic fertilization with manure at 30 t/ha). The evaluation of the root system distribution and development was performed after carrying out a soil profile between two plants, along the row, for each researched variety. Measurements were conducted using a frame of 50/50 cm, and data sampling was performed for every 10 cm layer, by counting and measuring the roots. Based on these observations the root section area (RSA) was determined. The values of this indicator ranged between 283.06 mm2 (Buena Vista) and 378.29 mm2 (Vera).
Communication peculiarities of negotiation language on the example of texts of English-language fiction films
Authors: Shikhalkina Tatiana Grigorievna
Published: October 2020

 The object of this research the communicative peculiarities of negotiation language on the example of English-language movies. Due the growing attention to the means of successful negotiations, the authors raise the relevant question on the need to consider speech aspects of negotiation process. The goal of this work is to analyze the communicative strategies and tactics (“pressure”, “high opening offer”, “disqualification”, “guilt”, “salami”) in the process of negotiations from the perspective of their effectiveness in achieving desired communicative goals. Combination of theoretical overview of the strategies and tactics of negotiation, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of applying tactics to achieve goals of negotiating parties were chosen as the methods for this research. The novelty of this article consist in reference to communicative peculiarities of negotiations in movies that have not previously been the object of analysis in the area of communication studies. The results of this research allowed determining the key strategies and tactics of negotiation in the analyzed films, as well as defining their effectiveness in the negotiation process.
Archaisms in the Early New English play by D. Lindsay "The Satire of the Three Estates": the problem of identification and stylistic evaluation
Authors: Khavronich Alina Alekseevna
Published: October 2020

The subject of the research is the method of identification and the problem of stylistic interpretation of archaic vocabulary in literary texts of the early New England period and specifically in the play by D. Lindsay "Satire of the Three Estates". The article discusses the potential of using the data of the diachronic corpus and corpus dictionaries to detect archaic elements in the works of art of the XVI century. Based on the comments of authoritative philologists of the Early New England period and modern research, the trends of the actual perception of the introduction of archaisms into the literary text by the authors of this time are considered. The article proposes an algorithm for identifying obsolete units in artistic material created in Scottish (taking into account the archaic nature of this dialect), based on a comparison of approximate indicators of the frequency of reproduction of an element in the Early New English and Scottish sections of the Helsinki Corpus, as well as data from corpus dictionaries of Middle English and Scottish. For the stylistic evaluation of archaisms in Lindsay's play, the method of linguistic-stylistic analysis is used, in which the linguistic element is considered from the point of view of contextual conditions. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that in order to solve the problem of analyzing archaisms in the text of the Early New English period, an algorithm is being developed to clarify whether the unit was obsolete at a particular moment in the development of English. It was found that the predominant proportion of words in Lindsay's play was not archaic within the Scottish dialect and only a few of the units involved were already obsolete at the time of the creation of the text in standard Early English. The archaisms found in the play function in fragments of high style, which allows us to state that Lindsay belonged to the authors for whom archaisms were part of the sublime vocabulary. The practical value of the work is determined by the ability to apply the proposed algorithm for detecting archaisms for the stylistic analysis of any Early New English literary text, as well as to carry out a stylistic assessment of archaisms from the point of view of the identified trends in their perception by the authors of the XVI century.
Peculiarities of national cultural adaptation of Grimm's Fairy Tales when translated into Russian
Authors: Bobodzhanova Lola
Published: October 2020

This article is dedicated to the analysis of fairy tales as a special genre of children's fiction literature with unique features and a long history. In the course of this work, the author gives definitions to the key concepts; examines correlation between the literary fairly tale and folk fairy tale, evolution of fairy tale genre, namely the works of Brothers Grimm. The article the stages of establishment of fairy tales as an independent genre in the history of literature. An attempt is made to determine the genre similarities that make fairy tales comprehensible within the framework of other linguocultures. Special attention is turned to the specificities of national cultural adaptation in translation of fairy tales from German into Russia, taking into account the peculiarities of translation transformations. The conducted analysis allows concluding that children’s fairy tale literature is a reflection of the national linguistic worldview, and largely depends on the existing in the society national cultural traits, mentality and perception of the world. These facts indicate that translation and adaptation of fairy tale literature requires the translator to understand the uniqueness of worldview of the people affiliating to different cultures, as well as convey the national cultural identity and specificities of foreign perception and mentality of the representatives of various linguocultures.
To the question of prophetic nature of Nikolai Klyuev’s poetry
Authors: Kudryashov Igor' Vasil'evich
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the prophetic nature Nikolai Klyuev’s poetry. Publicistic and partially scientific literature holds a view, according to which the origins of poetic gift of prophecy of Nikolai Klyuev take roots in his extraordinary personality with certain occult knowledge that enables him to foresee the future national catastrophes. The myth on N. Klyuev, formed within public consciousness, is based on the lack of study of the peculiarities of ethical-philosophical views of the poet, who creatively embraced the rich traditions of national mythology, folklore and Ancient Rus’ culture. Leaning on the systemic analysis of artistic heritage of N. Klyuev, the author provides a new interpretation of the prophetic verses of the poet as the worldview specificities of the poet of 1920s – 1930s. The conclusion is made that numerous apocalyptic motifs and images in the poetry of N. A. Klyuev, which at the present time are perceived as prophetic, were generated by his ideology of incompatibility of civilization and culture, in their confrontation that started back in XVII century, at the time of schism of the Russian Orthodox Church, and aggravated in 1920’s – 1930’s. The poet understood civilization as repressive phenomenon that came to Rus’ from the West. Infiltration of an alien to Russia Western civilization that disrupts the identity of national culture, inevitably leads the country to a catastrophe. According to Klyuev, the tragedy of the XX century is  a destruction of the traditional national principles, followed by the imminent demise of the entire Russian world, and later of all mankind. Vast knowledge on the foundations and patterns of national life allowed the poet to look through decades into the future of Russia.
To the question on studying national versions of multinational languages (on the example of Mexican national version of Spanish)
Authors: Shakhnazaryan Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: October 2020

This article is dedicated to examination of the currently relevant question of linguistic variation. The goal consists in the analysis of key approaches towards studying the peculiarities of Mexican national version of Spanish. The subject of this research is the specificities of systemic, logical, linguistic, and cognitive-pragmatic approaches towards studying national versions of multinational languages. The starting point is the statement that problem of determination and structurization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of the genesis, statics and dynamics (state and functionality) of this national version of the modern Spanish lingual system requires a more detailed and thorough analysis. Within the framework of this article, the author considers the systematic, logical, linguistic, cognitive-pragmatic approaches and their specificity, substantiated by the peculiarities of studying linguistic and speech means of the Mexican national version of Spanish as an independent national-cultural model of the linguistic worldview. Russian and foreign Romance philology has a number of works dedicated to the topic at hand. However, the question of systematization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of development, current state, and national-cultural specificities of functionality of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical linguistic units, which determine the differences between Mexican national version of Spanish and other versions, remains unresolved.
To the question of transformation of literary texts into stage version (“Three Years” of A. P. Chekhov in theatrical interpretation of S. V. Zhenovach)
Authors: Savinova Daria
Published: October 2020

This article is dedicated to the question of text transformation from authorial intent to stage impersonation. Despite the established tradition of studying the questions of recoding of literary text into theatrical, there is yet no theoretical-literary substantiation. Recoding is considered a complex process of creating a new type of text by the theatre director for staging a play. Therefore, an attempt is made to analyze the elements of transformation of literary text into its stage version, using the example of S. V. Zhenovach’s unpublished manuscript for stage direction based on A. P. Chekhov’s novella “Three Years”. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the patterns in transformation of literary text into stage version. The tools and means of expression applied in theatre and literature are different. If in literature it is possible to set several task and solve them all within the framework of the novel, then in theatre, it must be one ultimate task that organizes the action. Identification of the key peculiarities of existence of such type of text as “stage direction” on the example of transformation of the novella “The Years” from the authorial intent to stage impersonation demonstrated its significance for not only theatre studies, but also the theory of literature.
Andrey Mytishchev and Leon Ploshovsky as exponents of the type of hero without dogma in the prose of M.V. Krestovskaya and G. Senkevich
Authors: Kharitonova Anna
Published: October 2020

This article examines the characteristic type of hero in the literature of the epoch of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries and addresses a little-studied plot from the history of Russian-European literary ties of this period. The author focuses on two works: the novel by the Polish classic G. Senkevich "Without Dogma" (1890) and the story "The Confession of Mytishchev" (1901) by the half-forgotten Russian writer M.V. Krestovskaya, whom acquaintance with the book of an older contemporary made a strong impression. Both works contain a number of parallels at the level of composition, the way of speech organization of the narrative and the plot itself, but at the root of their connection lies attention to a new type of European man, generated by the epoch of the end of the century and suffering from its "diseases".The author of the article compares the main characters of the works of Senkevich and Krestovskaya вЂ” Leon Ploshovsky and Andrey Mytishchev вЂ” as representatives of the type of hero-skeptic, hero without dogma, whose appearance in literature was an organic stage of the evolution of the hero-individualist. Time has put its own questions before him, in particular, about the need to be guided by moral principles and follow any dogmas. The named works of Russian and Polish literature of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries are placed in a single historical and literary context for the first time, and their main characters are considered as vivid exponents of the type of European man of that time. The appeal of the modern reader to these artistic images makes it possible to better understand the cultural, historical, philosophical and social prerequisites for the appearance of carriers of such a worldview in the late XIX вЂ” early XX century. This determines the novelty and relevance of this study.
Dialogue of arts in the novel “The Artist is Unknown” by V. Kaverin
Authors: Kol'tsova Natal'ya Zinov'evna , Miaowen Liu
Published: October 2020

Prose about the artist is fairly popular in the world and Russian culture, but the novel “The Artist is Unknown” by V. Kaverin holds a special place within the Russian literature, and the title itself is precedent for the philologists – it is mentioned each time when it comes to genre of the novel about artist. Kaverin not only creates a vivid image of the artist-painter, but also restores his manner via literary style. The pictorial beginning is prevalent in the text; however, orientation towards other types of art, namely sculpture and theatre, are also noticeable sculpture and theater, which is reflected in the character sphere and in the composition itself. In the novel “The Artist is Unknown”, theater and painting are deeply intertwined – and not only scenes of the play engage painting, but also the authorial “painting” involves theatrical aesthetics. However, namely the art of painting, is in the center of Kaverin’s attention, while the ekphrasis technique becomes the fundamental principle for arranging artistic material. It should be noted that the focus of attention of the audience falls onto imaginary ekphrasis, description of the image that exists only in the author's imagination, which allows revealing the features of Kaverin's original idiostyle that correlates certain literary techniques with the painter's technique (the author thinks in the categories of color, painting, texture, and perspective). In such way, painting becomes a metalanguage, the way of understanding the laws of art as such, and thus, the laws of literature, including such categories as narrative perspective and composition. The boundary between genres of the novel about artist and the novel about the novel in Kaverin's text is quite lucid: the fate of the artist is inseparable from the fate of his creation, and the questions of skill, purpose and designation of works comprise the very essence of conflicts of the novel.
The concept of “genre” in France of the XV – XVI centuries: from lexical diversity to codification of the term
Authors: Kropacheva Kseniya Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2020

This article discusses formation of the concept of “genre” in France of the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, as well as codification of the corresponding term in literary language. The subject of this research is denominations of the category of genre used by the authors of theoretical treatises of the XV – XVI centuries, and the concept of “genre”, which was gradually introduced into the French theory of poetry. The goal is to determine the stages of development of the category of genre within the framework of French theoretical texts of the XV – XVI centuries, as well as denominations for the genre forms employed by the theoreticians, their similarities and differences. An attempt is made to identify at which point in French theory appears the interpretation of the term “genre” similar to the modern one. The novelty of consists in analysis of the concept of genre in diachrony based on the material of French treatises of the XV – XVI centuries. Majority of the texts considered in the article did not receive due attention within the Russian literary studies, which substantiates the relevance of studying French literary theory of the Renaissance Era. It is demonstrated that the authors of French treatises of the XV century denoted the concept of genre as “rithme”, “taille”, “manière”, “façade”, “espèce”, using them as synonyms within the framework of a single text. However, by the early XVI century, the genre form is viewed as a separate category; therefore, the number of denominations s is gradually reduced. For the first time, the term “genre” was used in the literary context in Pierre Fabre’s treatise of 1521; although at that time it partially keeps the meaning borrowed from Latin. The terms was codified later, in 1555, in Jacques Peletier’s “Art Poétique”; and from this point on it was applied by literary theoreticians for denoting different types of genre forms.
Nomination of God in Biblical-theological tradition of Eastern (Oriental) Christians
Authors: Shukurov Dmitrii Leonidovich
Published: October 2020

The goal of this research is the philological examination of principles of nomination of God in the Oriental theological tradition of Christianity. The concurrent conceptual objective lies in comparison of Eastern Christian (Oriental) doctrine of nominations of God and the Cappadocian divine onomatology. The subject of this article is the so-called revealed nomination Other nominations of God are interpreted as replacements for the proper name of the Biblical God Yahweh, the profane usage of which was a taboo back in the Old Testament era. The research employs the methodological principles of Biblical exegetics and linguistic hermeneutics. The author differentiates the exegetic and hermeneutic approaches accepted in the theological science. It implies that that the firs is associated with the particular philological methods of interpretation of Biblical texts, while the second – with the theological generalizations and interpretations that are based on the results of exegetic explication. The conclusion is made that the key features of Syriac (and Eastern overall) divine onomatology consist in a distinct categorization of divine nominations, among which special status belongs to the proper name (nomen proprium) of God, which is inherited by Eastern Christians from the Old Testament Jewish traditions; as well as in preservation of the common to Old Testament religiosity sacralization of the name of God as a source of sanctifying power and symbol of God’s presence. Therefore, within the Syriac Christian tradition, which prompted the development of traditions of all Eastern (Oriental) non-Chalcedonian churches, was formed a special type of divine onomatology based on the Old Testament cult of the nomination of God, which is an attribute of semitic sense of the world, manifested in linguistic peculiarities of Biblical translations into Semitic languages (Targum and Peshitta).
Structural and substantive dynamics of artistic concept of “culture” in the works of V. S. Makanin
Authors: Demiral Hilmi
Published: October 2020

This article is dedicated to description of the artistic concept of “culture”, one of the fundamental in the conceptual framework of V. S. Makanin. The content of the concept is viewed in the context of evolution of Makanin’s works. The author examines the nature of transformation of each layer of the artistic concept of “culture” in light of establishment of Makanin’s concept of a human; determines interrelation of the motifs in their role in formation of the concept. Separate attention is given to determination of the meaning of precedent facts, including literary images, plots, themes, and motifs in development of the structure and content of the concept of “culture” in V. S. Makanin's works of different periods. Composition of circumnuclear zone and close periphery of this concept contributes to the formation of a cultural background, and their reinterpretation by the author reflects the objective processes taking place in cultural discourse for the past 50 years. In proportion to evolution of Makanin’s works, these images are saturated with new meanings, leading to refocus in interpretation of their classical content, substantiated by the need to place axiological accents. The conclusion is made on the extreme complexity of structure and content of the artistic concept of “culture” in the works of V. S. Makanin, which change dynamically throughout his creative path. This article is first to describe the structure of this concept and trace the dynamics of its transformation in diachrony, using the materials of most significant works of V. S. Makanin.
What is the real impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 on stroke: Do we more have to learn?
Authors: Junior Luiz Severo Bem , Aquino Pedro Lukas do Rêgo , Diniz Andrey Maia Silva , Lima Luís Felipe Gonçalves de , Marques Júlio Cesár Tavares , Dias Artêmio José Araruna , Júnior Flávio Monteiro de Oliveira , Rabelo Nicollas Nunes , Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne de Azevedo
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Coronaviruses are an infectious disease with a considerable spectrum of clinical presentation. Neurologic symptoms related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have been described recently in the literature. Among a wide variety of neurological symptoms, acute cerebrovascular disease is one of the most serious complications. This review aimed to reveal the current knowledge regarding stroke in new coronavirus infection as a way to improve its diagnosis and treatments.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic literature review was carried out to identify the particularities of SARSCoV-2 in patients with stroke. An electronic search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed database between December 1, 2019, and June 11, 2020. A total of 693 articles were extracted. We included articles in all languages and conference papers, reviews, published letters, and editorials were excluded from the study.

Results:

Out of the 693 screened articles, 39 were selected for full-text review. Twenty-nine studies were excluded because they did not report stroke in COVID-19 patients. Thus, 10 papers were included in this review with a total of 22 patients.

Conclusion:

A vascular (ischemic or hemorrhagic) neurological complication is a real event that may occur in patients with COVID-19. There is strong evidence that vascular complications may arise for the most part due to the well-recognized potentially fatal inflammatory storm, which reflects a hyperactivation of inflammatory factors and dysfunction of the coagulation system, especially D-dimer and platelet abnormalities.
What to know in Managing Spinal Cord Injury for Anesthesiologists?
Authors: Charles Charles
Published: October 2020

Background:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is trauma to the area of the vertebrae resulting in spinal cord lesions resulting in neurological disorders, depending on the location of the spinal nerve damage and the injured nerve tissue. The symptoms of SCI can range from pain and paralysis to incontinence. SCI due to trauma is estimated to occur in 30–40 per million population per year, and about 8000–10,000 sufferers each year, generally, occurs in adolescents and young adults. Although the annual incidence of events is relatively low, the cost of care and rehabilitation for spinal cord injuries is very high, at around US $ 53,000/patient.

Methods:

This study aims to provide an overview of how to manage SCI. This study reviewed various sources then reviewed as a literature review.

Conclusion:

Treatment in the hospital includes all systems that may experience complications from SCI, starting from the respiratory, cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, skin, to non-operative. and operative reduction measures.
Demographic Structure of the 18th Century Ottoman Rule in the Balkans: A Study of Judicial Records (QÄdÄ« Sijil) in Manastir
Authors: Idriz Mesut
Published: October 2020

Based on the Ottomans' archival materials, it has become incumbent upon the Ottoman or Balkan historian to investigate and analyze as objectively as possible the history of Ottoman rule in this region. Among all the Ottoman archives' documents, those of the judicial records (Shariâ€™ah or Qadi Sijils) are considered to be the most important. In them, we have both a reliable objective source and a chronology of history concerning the Balkans and other regions. These records were not merely compilations of bureaucratic, administrative, and verbose data relating only to judicial, social, architectural, economic, and agricultural undertones. These facts are already explicitly stated in the Sijils themselves. It is, however, implicit facts which are of great importance and which are of enormous historical significance. The demographic structure is among the most complicated and disputed issues among the historians of religion and social sciences. Considering the objective data found in the Shariâ€™ah Sijils, particularly to those about the most important district of the Ottomans in the Balkans, namely Manastir (today Bitola), the subject of demography will be analyzed as objectively as possible. Besides, in this article, both explicit and implicit facts will be studied.
An Analysis of the Causes of Divorce among Muslims in Mombasa County in the Sharia Law Perspective
Authors: Abdulrahman Manswab Mahsen
Published: October 2020

Divorce is the most hateful action permitted in Islamic law. Islam puts some measures to ensure that the separation of two spouses will not occur. However, on some occasions, dissolution will become necessary because two parties cannot live together in an atmosphere of hatred and disaffection. Recently, cases about the repeal have been increasing rapidly among Muslim society in Mombasa County. This study explores the issues causing divorce among spouses in Mombasa County. The result shows that some of the reasons for divorce are poverty and unemployment, seeking a job overseas, psychological problems, drug addiction, family interference, early and forced marriage, cultural issues, and domestic violence. Questionnaire and Open-ended questions were used involving divorcees as respondents. In addition to that, the researcher reviewed references and studied dissertations relating to divorce.
PENGARUH DEBIT ALIRAN TERHADAP KEDALAMAN GERUSAN LOKAL PADA PILAR JEMBATAN MONCONGLOE
Authors: Nenny Nenny , Imran Hamzah Al , S. Kuba Muhammad Syafa'at
Published: October 2020

Runtuhnya jembatan Moncongloe sebagian besar disebabkan karena terjadinya debit banjir yang sangat besar pasca banjir tahun 2018,  sehingga menyebabkan  gerusan disekitar pilar jembatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk  menganalisis pengaruh debit aliran terhadap kedalaman gerusan lokal  pada pilar jembatan Moncongloe dan pengaruh kedalaman gerusan lokal terhadap pilar jembatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jembatan Moncongloe pada aliran sungai Je’nelata dan secara administrasi terletak di Kecamatan Parangloe dan Desa Tamalate Kecamatan Manuju Kab. Gowa Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Secara geografis terletak di 119  34  52  BT dan 5’15’52’’ LS sebelah utara dari Kota Makassar  berjarak 20 km. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari beberapa metode yang digunakan untuk analisis gerusan, metode Lacey lebih mendekati dengan kondisi lapangan.