bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice Bolstering Changes Attribute Importance and Affects Future Choices
Authors: Zemborain Martin R. , Johar Gita Venkataramani , Roggeveen Anne L. , Ansari Asim
Published: August 2024

Prior research has established that decision‐makers engage in a bolstering process by magnifying the value of a previously made choice in order to justify their choices. The current research examines the impact of bolstering on attribute importance weights and future choices. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that after making a choice between a priori comparable options, consumers prefer attributes (e.g., sunlight in an apartment) that they associate with positive features of their chosen option (lot of sunlight) more than attributes they associate (a) with negative features of their chosen option or (b) with positive features of their nonchosen option. These postchoice associations and altered attribute importance weights drive subsequent preferences. In an incentive‐compatible study, Experiment 3 demonstrates that bolstering goes beyond choice justification and impacts subsequent choice. After an initial choice, participants choose new products that have positive features consistent with their original chosen option rather than products with positive features consistent with their original nonchosen option. This research contributes to the literature on preference construction by examining the impact of justification for one's previous choices on constructed attribute preferences and subsequent choices.
The QAA's subject benchmarks and critical pedagogy: The example of ‘gateway to King's’
Authors: Armstrong John
Published: August 2024

The UK's Quality Assurance Association for Higher Education (QAA) recommend that all undergraduate courses at UK universities include in their curricula elements of Equality, Diversity and Inclusion; Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Education; and Education for Sustainable Development. This paper examines the detail of the QAA's recommendations and finds that they are significantly influenced by critical pedagogy. While the potential benefits of the QAA's recommendations are readily apparent, the paper identifies a number of potential risks, including opportunity costs for students, dumbing down and political bias. Alongside this theoretical analysis, this paper presents a case study which examines in detail the course materials of a cross‐curricular module piloted at King's College London called the ‘King's First Year: Gateway to King's’ which covered essentially the same themes. It appears that many of the risks identified with the QAA's approach would have been realised had this module been introduced as a compulsory module for all undergraduates at King's College London as was originally planned. As student take‐up was low, it was abandoned after the pilot, and so ultimately the risks were not realised. When introducing significant curriculum changes such as those proposed by the QAA, it is important to be certain that the benefits outweigh the risks. For this reason, a case study of an unsuccessful educational intervention is valuable and may correct for the possibility of publication bias in the literature if institutions choose not to publicise their less successful projects.
Navigating firm financial distress in turbulent times: The impact of the institutional context
Authors: Zouaghi Ferdaous , Garcia‐Marco Teresa , Martinez Marian Garcia
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the impact of environmental practices on firm financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic in both emerging and developed countries. Analysing a sample of 12,181 firm observations from 2016 to 2021, our results indicate that adopting of environmental practices leads to reduced financial distress and more crisis‐resilient economies. The mitigating effect of environmental practices is more pronounced in developed countries. This study provides crucial implications for governments and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of encouraging firms to adopt environmental practices to reduce the likelihood of default.
Noralashinols D−F, New Norlignans from Syringa pinnatifolia and its Anti‐Inflammation in BV2 Cells
Authors: Liang Yana , Wuken Shana , Chen Panlong , Huang Zhiqiang , Liu Changxin , Wang Jiatong , Chen Hongying , Zhang Ye , Chai Xingyun
Published: August 2024

Four new norlignans, noralashinols D−F (1a/b–3), and two known analogues (4 and 5) were isolated from the peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. The structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, such as IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD. All compounds were evaluated for anti‐inflammatory activities against NO production induced by LPS in BV2 microglia cells. Compounds 1b and 2 exhibited moderate activities with IC50 values of 32.39±9.1 and 47.83±10.44 μM, respectively, compared with positive control indomethacin (IC50=21.62 μM). It is worth to note that 1, 3, and 4 have a distinctive woody fragrance.
Microfluidic device: A versatile biosensor platform to multiplex aptamer‐based detection of malaria biomarkers
Authors: Ogunmolasuyi Adewoyin M. , Adewoyin Mary A.
Published: August 2024

Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a dominant infectious disease that affects Africa than the rest of the world, considering its associated cases and death rates. It's a febrile illness that produces several reliable biomarkers, for example, P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), P. falciparum Plasmodium glutamate dehydrogenase (PfGDH), and P. falciparum histidine‐rich proteins (HRP‐II) in blood circulatory system that can easily be employed as targets in rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). In recent times, several DNA aptamers have been developed via SELEX technology to detect some specific malaria biomarkers (PfLDH, PvLDH, HRP‐II, PfGDH) in a biosensor mode with good binding affinity properties to overcome the trend of cross‐reactivity, limited sensitivity and stability problems that have been observed with immunodiagnostics. In this review, we summarized existing diagnostic methods and relevant biomarkers to suggest promising approaches to develop sensitive and species‐specific multiplexed diagnostic devices enabling effective detection of malaria in complex biological matrices and surveillance in the endemic region.
Case of idiopathic left ventricular summit premature ventricular contractions successfully treated by catheter ablation
Authors: Tian Na , Ma Like , Ma Yinjiao , Yang Zhen
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

CA of LVS premature beats complexes is difficult due to anatomical limitations. We report a patient with PVCs originating from the LVS region who was successfully ablated by ablation.

Catheter ablation (CA) of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arising from the left ventricular summit (LVS) presents technical challenges due to the regional anatomy and frequently intramural site of origin. Herein, we demonstrated a case of a successful CA, originating from the LVS region. We further discussed the detailed anatomical background and clinical feasibility of CA as an alternative ablation route for PVCs originating from the LVS.
Flexible Trilinearity Alignment (FTA) and Shift Invariant Transformation (SIT) Constraints in Three‐Way Multivariate Curve Resolution Data Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Tauler Romà
Published: August 2024

In this work, two alternative ways of analyzing three‐way data with multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) using the trilinearity constraint are described and compared. Different synthetic datasets and experimental three‐way datasets covering different scenarios are analyzed, and the results obtained are compared. The two new different ways of applying the trilinearity constraint are named flexible trilinearity alignment (FTA) and shift invariant transformation (SIT). The effects of noise in the application of both types of constraints are investigated in detail. Results show that both approaches are particularly adequate for those cases like in gas chromatography and especially in liquid chromatography where the elution profiles of the same chemical component in different chromatographic runs are not totally reproducible because they are time shifted, although they preserve their shape. When strong time shifts and co‐elution occur, then the “standard” trilinear model does not work, and alternative approaches should be used, such as the MCR extended bilinear model to multiset (multirun) data, or the proposed relaxation of the trilinearity constraint in the FTA and SIT methods to capture the time drift changes produced in the elution profiles of the resolved components.
H‐Bond Donor‐Directed Switch of Diastereoselectivity in the Enantioselective Intramolecular Aza‐Henry Reaction of Ketimines
Authors: Tian Jun‐Song , Yi‐Gong  , Wu Zhong‐Wei , Yu Jin‐Sheng , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2024

We report an H‐bond donor controlled diastereoselective switchable intramolecular aza‐Henry reaction of ketimines derived from α‐ketoesters and 2‐(2‐nitroethyl)anilines, allowing facile access to chiral tetrahydroquinolines bearing an aza‐quaternary carbon stereocenter, which are privileged scaffold for medicinal researches. While newly developed cinchona alkaloid derived phosphoramide‐bearing quaternary ammonium salt C2 selectively give cis‐adducts in up to 20 : 1 dr and 99 % ee, the corresponding urea‐bearing analogue C8 preferentially give trans‐adducts in up to 20 : 1 dr and 99 % ee.
Metal‐Decorated Porous Organic Polymers: Bridged the Gap between Organic and Inorganic Scaffolds†
Authors: Gao Zhu , Liu Yufei , Wu Shaofei , Tang Juntao , Yuan Kuanyu , Pan Chunyue , Yu Guipeng
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Advanced functionalization‐decorated porous organic polymers (POPs) are emerging as a prominent research focus, spanning from their construction to applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, energy storage, electrochemistry, and other areas. Furthermore, the inherent organic nature, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components of POPs offer a versatile platform for the incorporation of various metal active sites. Meticulously designed molecular building blocks can serve as organic ligands uniformly distributed throughout POPs, leading to the effective isolation of inorganic metal active sites at the molecular level. In this manner, POPs containing active metal centers bridge the gap between organic and inorganic scaffolds. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research progress on metal‐decorated POPs, focusing on strategies for incorporating metal active sites into POPs and their applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, and photoelectrochemistry. Finally, current challenges and future prospects are discussed for further research.

Key Scientists

Advanced functionalized porous organic polymers have become a new research hotspot, ranging from their construction to their use in gas storage and separation, catalysis, energy storage, electrochemistry, and other applications. In 2002, the McKeown group was the first to report phthalocyanine‐based MPOPs with permanent porosity and a moderate surface area. In 2010, the Yu group prepared nanoporous polyporphyrin materials P(Fe‐TTPP) from the metallated porphyrin with functionalized thiophenyl groups by the FeCl3 catalyzed oxidation couple reaction showing the surface area of 1522 m2·g–1. Subsequently, in 2013, the Deng group was the first to use metalated salens as the original building blocks for preparing MPOPs. The Morin group was the first to produce a series of ferrocene‐based nanoporous frameworks via radical polymerization, with surface areas ranging from 385 to 899 m2·g–1. In 2016, the Han group synthesized two N‐pyridinylphenylcarbazole (PPC) ligands to produce a series of metalized polycarbazole networks. Recently, the Tan group reported a solvent‐knitting hyper‐cross‐linking reaction to produce HUST‐1, which contains a porphyrin unit. The porphyrin moiety provides a centered square‐planar metal post‐coordination site, resulting in the metalated HUST‐1‐Co, which exhibits high efficiency in the catalytic conversion of CO2. Additionally, the Kegnæs group combined the decomposition of the palladium complex with an in situ catalyzed polymerization reaction, enabling the confinement of nascent Pd particles in the developing polymer network. This review focuses on recent research progress in metal‐decorated POPs, emphasizing strategies for incorporating metal active sites into POPs and their applications.
Machine Learning Constructed Based on Patient Plaque and Clinical Features for Predicting Stent Malapposition: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xia Qianhang , Deng Chancui , Yang Shuangya , Gu Ning , Shen Youcheng , Shi Bei , Zhao Ranzun
Published: August 2024

Background

Stent malapposition (SM) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial infarction continues to present significant clinical challenges. In recent years, machine learning (ML) models have demonstrated potential in disease risk stratification and predictive modeling.

Hypothesis

ML models based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, laboratory tests, and clinical characteristics can predict the occurrence of SM.

Methods

We studied 337 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China, who had PCI and coronary OCT from May to October 2023. We employed nested cross‐validation to partition patients into training and test sets. We developed five ML models: XGBoost, LR, RF, SVM, and NB based on calcification features. Performance was assessed using ROC curves. Lasso regression selected features from 46 clinical and 21 OCT imaging features, which were optimized with the five ML algorithms.

Results

In the prediction model based on calcification features, the XGBoost model and SVM model exhibited higher AUC values. Lasso regression identified five key features from clinical and imaging data. After incorporating selected features into the model for optimization, the AUC values of all algorithmic models showed significant improvements. The XGBoost model demonstrated the highest calibration accuracy. SHAP values revealed that the top five ranked features influencing the XGBoost model were calcification length, age, coronary dissection, lipid angle, and troponin.

Conclusion

ML models developed using plaque imaging features and clinical characteristics can predict the occurrence of SM. ML models based on clinical and imaging features exhibited better performance.
Identifying the drivers of overall rating of cancer care: Insights from the second wave of the Swiss Cancer Patient Experiences study
Authors: Jolidon Vladimir , Eicher Manuela , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle , Aebi Stefan , Anchisi Sandro , Bettini Adrienne , Chalandon Yves , Dietrich Pierre‐Yves , Duchosal Michel A. , Dürr Donat , Peters Solange , von Moos Roger , Wicki Andreas , Arditi Chantal
Published: August 2024

Background

Patient experience surveys gather information on various aspects of care via numerous survey items. Identifying the most critical areas of patient experience to prioritize for quality care improvement can be challenging. The objective of this study was to determine which care experience items are the drivers influencing patients' overall rating of cancer care.

Methods

Data from 2750 adult patients with cancer from the second wave of the Swiss Cancer Patient Experiences study were analyzed. This cross‐sectional survey was conducted in eight Swiss hospitals from September 2021 to February 2022. Stepwise logistic regression examined the relationship between overall care rating and 29 patient experience items covering different patient‐centered care dimensions while adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables.

Results

Overall, patients rated their cancer care experience at 8.9 out of 10. Stepwise regression identified seven drivers contributing to overall care rating. The strongest drivers were “professionals worked well together” (odds ratio [OR], 4.81) and “tests were not repeated” (OR, 2.09) from the coordination and integration dimension, “offered support for symptoms during treatment” (OR, 2.11) from the physical comfort dimension, followed by “hospital staff ensured available home support” (OR, 1.99), “offered to see health professional for concerns” (OR, 1.91), “treatment options were explained” (OR, 1.75), and “involved in treatment decisions as desired” (OR, 1.68).

Conclusions

This study evaluated the care experiences of patients with cancer with a comprehensive tool that identified seven key factors independently associated with overall care rating. By concentrating on these areas, hospitals can not only improve the patient care experience but also efficiently allocate resources to quality improvement initiatives.
Deciphering the Molecular Complexity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unveiling Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Through Advanced Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Moghimi Ata , Bani Hosseinian Nasrin , Mahdipour Mahdi , Ahmadpour Ehsan , Miranda‐Bedate Alberto , Ghorbian Saeid
Published: August 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a primary liver tumor characterized by a bleak prognosis and elevated mortality rates, yet its precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study uses advanced bioinformatics techniques to discern differentially expressed genes (DEGs) implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC. The primary objective is to discover novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets that can contribute to the advancement of HCC research.

Methods

The bioinformatics analysis in this study primarily utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as data source. Initially, the Transcriptome analysis console (TAC) screened for DEGs. Subsequently, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the proteins associated to the identified DEGs with the STRING database. We obtained our hub genes using Cytoscape and confirmed the results through the GEPIA database. Furthermore, we assessed the prognostic significance of the identified hub genes using the GEPIA database. To explore the regulatory interactions, a miRNA‐gene interaction network was also constructed, incorporating information from the miRDB database. For predicting the impact of gene overexpression on drug effects, we utilized CANCER DP.

Results

A comprehensive analysis of HCC gene expression profiles revealed a total of 4716 DEGs, consisting of 2430 upregulated genes and 2313 downregulated genes in HCC sample compared to healthy control group. These DEGs exhibited significant enrichment in key pathways such as the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, nuclear receptors meta‐pathway, and various metabolism‐related pathways. Further exploration of the PPI network unveiled the P53 signaling pathway and pyrimidine metabolism as the most prominent pathways. We identified 10 hub genes (ASPM, RRM2, CCNB1, KIF14, MKI67, SHCBP1, CENPF, ANLN, HMMR, and EZH2) that exhibited significant upregulation in HCC samples compared to healthy control group. Survival analysis indicated that elevated expression levels of these genes were strongly associated with changes in overall survival in HCC patients. Lastly, we identified specific miRNAs that were found to influence the expression of these genes, providing valuable insights into potential regulatory mechanisms underlying HCC progression.

Conclusion

The findings of this study have successfully identified pivotal genes and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC. These novel discoveries have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of HCC at the molecular level, opening new ways for the development of targeted therapies and improved prognosis evaluation.
Electrocatalysts for Urea Synthesis from CO2 and Nitrogenous Species: From CO2 and N2/NOx Reduction to urea synthesis
Authors: Li Chun , Zhu Qiuji , Song Chaojie , Zeng Yimin , Zheng Ying
Published: August 2024

The traditional industrial synthesis of urea relies on the energy−intensive and polluting process, namely the Haber−Bosch method for ammonia production, followed by the Bosch−Meiser process for urea synthesis. In contrast, electrocatalytic C−N coupling from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogenous species presents a promising alternative for direct urea synthesis under ambient conditions, bypassing the need for ammonia production. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the electrocatalytic coupling of CO2 and nitrogen sources for urea synthesis. It focuses on the role of intermediate species and active site structures in promoting urea synthesis, drawing from insights into reactants’ adsorption behavior and interactions with catalysts tailored for CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction, and nitrate reduction. Advanced electrocatalyst design strategies for urea synthesis from CO2 and nitrogenous species under ambient conditions are explored, providing insights for efficient catalyst design. Key challenges and prospective directions are presented in the conclusion. Mechanistic studies elucidating the C−N coupling reaction and future development directions are discussed. The review aims to inspire further research and development in electrocatalysts for electrochemical urea synthesis.
Phenological mismatches mitigate the ecological impact of a biological invader on amphibian communities
Authors: Everts Teun , Van Driessche Charlotte , Neyrinck Sabrina , Haegeman Annelies , Ruttink Tom , Jacquemyn Hans , Brys Rein
Published: August 2024

Horizon scans have emerged as a valuable tool to anticipate the incoming invasive alien species (IAS) by judging species on their potential impacts. However, little research has been conducted on quantifying actual impacts and assessing causes of species‐specific vulnerabilities to particular IAS due to persistent methodological challenges. The underlying interspecific mechanisms driving species‐specific vulnerabilities therefore remain poorly understood, even though they can substantially improve the accuracy of risk assessments. Given that interspecific interactions underlying ecological impacts of IAS are often shaped by phenological synchrony, we tested the hypothesis that temporal mismatches in breeding phenology between native species and IAS can mitigate their ecological impacts. Focusing on the invasive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), we combined an environmental DNA (eDNA) quantitative barcoding and metabarcoding survey in Belgium with a global meta‐analysis, and integrated citizen‐science data on breeding phenology. We examined whether the presence of native amphibian species was negatively related to the presence or abundance of invasive bullfrogs and whether this relationship was affected by their phenological mismatches. The field study revealed a significant negative effect of increasing bullfrog eDNA concentrations on native amphibian species richness and community structure. These observations were shaped by species‐specific vulnerabilities to invasive bullfrogs, with late spring‐ and summer‐breeding species being strongly affected, while winter‐breeding species remained unaffected. This trend was confirmed by the global meta‐analysis. A significant negative relationship was observed between phenological mismatch and the impact of bullfrogs. Specifically, native amphibian species with breeding phenology differing by 6 weeks or less from invasive bullfrogs were more likely to be absent in the presence of bullfrogs than species whose phenology differed by more than 6 weeks with that of bullfrogs. Taken together, we present a novel method based on the combination of aqueous eDNA quantitative barcoding and metabarcoding to quantify the ecological impacts of biological invaders at the community level. We show that phenological mismatches between native and invasive species can be a strong predictor of invasion impact regardless of ecological or methodological context. Therefore, we advocate for the integration of temporal alignment between native and IAS's phenologies into invasion impact frameworks.
Helpful or Not? A Qualitative Study on Female Adolescents’ Experience of TikTok When Recovering From Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Sjöström David K. , de Mendonca Lindström Tore , Kapetanovic Sabina , Claesdotter‐Knutsson Emma
Published: August 2024

Objective

The scientific literature reports on how social media potentially influences eating disorders, although there is a large gap in the specific case of TikToks influence of adolescent's recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). Our study uses in‐depth interviews with female adolescents primarily suffering from AN to explore how they perceive the social media platform TikTok in relation to their recovery.

Method

A total of 14 interviews with female adolescents recovering from AN were conducted and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

We developed four distinct main themes: social connectivity, algorithmic engagement, regulation and adaptation, and personal agency and recovery pathways.

Our findings indicate both potential benefits and harm by TikTok use when in recovery from AN, depending on a complex interplay of individual and contextual factors.

Discussion

The study adds nuance to the on‐going scientific debate on the role that TikTok plays in recovery from AN in general from the perspective provided by female adolescents. Suggestions are made for clinical implications at adolescent AN outpatient care including parental or professional support in TikTok adaptations and advice on how to discern when use may be triggering or supportive. Future research would benefit from longitudinal designs and inclusion of how individual differences, such as gender and personality, influence the effects on recovery and TikTok use.
Evaluation of genetic consequences of stocking on the southern‐margin populations of white‐spotted charr
Authors: Masuda Taro , Shimono Yoshiko , Kishi Daisuke , Koizumi Itsuro
Published: August 2024

Coldwater‐adapted freshwater fishes, especially their populations along warm‐range margins, are most vulnerable to the climate oscillations associated with global warming. Stocking is a major strategy for avoiding the extinction of these species. However, while stocking can reverse the decline of isolated populations, it may also result in a loss of genetic diversity in the native local population due to the introgressive replacement of hatchery genes. To plan an adequate strategy for conserving locally adapted populations, the genetic impacts of stocking on native lineages should be evaluated from small river branches to wide‐ranging drainage areas. We investigated the population genetic structure of white‐spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) within its southern range (Lake Biwa basin, Japan). By applying genome‐wide SNP analysis to the population's genetic structure, we assessed the extent of genetic introgression resulting from stocking. White‐spotted charr in the Lake Biwa watershed constitutes a distinctive genetic group, within which apparent genetic differentiation was observed. The hatchery‐reared fish line commonly used for supplementation stocking in the catchment was discernable from the native population, enabling us to analyze genetic introgression across the entire drainage area. Admixed individuals resulting from hatchery introgression were observed in most of the stocked sites that showed relatively high heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity. However, their genetic differentiation was much lower than that of native populations. The supplementation history as well as the road availability contributed substantially to the introgression of hatchery genes. Populations with the native genetic structure remained in the upstream regions of the tested rivers. However, their heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity were low when compared with that of the populations with hatchery supplementation. Our results shed light on the genetic impacts of stocking on isolated native populations and suggest that conventional supplementation methods cannot preserve a unique biodiversity in the distribution margin.
Landscape of glycolytic metabolites and their regulating proteins in myocardium from human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Koleini Navid , Meddeb Mariam , Zhao Liang , Keykhaei Mohammad , Kwon Seoyoung , Farshidfar Farnaz , Hahn Virginia S. , Pearce Erika L. , Sharma Kavita , Kass David A.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) reflects half of all clinical HF yet has few therapies. Obesity and diabetes are now common comorbidities which have focused attention towards underlying myocardial metabolic defects. The profile of a major metabolic pathway, glycolytic intermediates and their regulating enzymes and ancillary pathways, remains unknown.

Methods and results

Endomyocardial biopsies from HFpEF (n = 37) and non‐failing controls (n = 21) were assayed by non‐targeted or targeted metabolomics and immunoblot to determine glycolytic and ancillary pathway metabolites and protein expression of their regulating enzymes. Glucose and GLUT1 expression were higher in HFpEF, but prominent glycolytic metabolites: glucose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐1,6‐biphosphate (F1,6bP), and 3‐phosphoglycerate were reduced by −78%, −91%, and −73%, respectively, versus controls. Expression of their corresponding synthesizing enzymes hexokinase, phospho‐fructokinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase were also significantly lower (all p < 0.0005). Pentose phosphate and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway metabolites were reduced while glycogen content increased. Despite proximal reduction in key glycolytic intermediates, pyruvate increased but mitochondrial pyruvate transporter (MPC1) expression was reduced. Pyruvate dehydrogenase converting pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA was more activated but some Krebs cycle intermediates were reduced. This HFpEF glycolytic profile persisted after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), diabetes, age, and sex, or in subgroup analysis with controls and HFpEF matched for BMI and diabetes/insulin history. In HFpEF, BMI but not glycated haemoglobin negatively correlated with F1,6bP (p = 7e‐5, r = −0.61) and phosphoenolpyruvate (p = 0.006, r = −0.46).

Conclusions

Human HFpEF myocardium exhibits reduced glycolytic and ancillary pathway intermediates and expression of their synthesizing proteins. This combines features reported in HF with reduced ejection fraction and obesity/diabetes that likely exacerbate metabolic inflexibility.
Influence of Peripheral Substituents on Fe(II) Spin State in Complexes with Tridentate Schiff‐Base Ligands
Authors: Gakiya‐Teruya Miguel , Le Duy , Kumar Divya , Jen Natalie , Rydberg Drake , Jo Minyoung , Rahman Talat , Shatruk Michael
Published: August 2024

Six Fe(II) complexes with substituted 6‐((quinoline‐8‐ylimino)methyl)phenolates (R2qsal) were synthesized. X‐ray crystal structure determination for [Fe(R2qsal)2], where R=F (1), Cl (2), Br (3), I (4), CF3/H (5), or CN/H (6), revealed mononuclear complexes that crystallize either solvent‐free in case of 1, 5, and 6 or as CH2Cl2 solvates in the case of 2, 3, and 4. Complexes 1–4, which contain π‐donating substituents, exhibit only high‐spin (HS) state, as shown by crystal structure analysis and magnetic measurements. In contrast, complexes 5 and 6, which contain electron‐withdrawing substituents, exist in the low‐spin (LS) state at lower temperatures but exhibit crossover to the HS state above 300 K. Electronic structure calculations show a good correlation between the relative energies of the LS and HS states and the experimentally observed behavior.
The effect of a combined cooling intervention on cognitive function in the heat during an intermittent running protocol
Authors: Cowe Stacey , Cooper Simon , Malcolm Rachel , Hall Louis , Donkin David , Sunderland Caroline
Published: August 2024

Despite optimal cognitive function being essential for performance, there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of combined cooling interventions on team sport athlete's cognitive function when exercising in the heat. In a randomised, crossover design, 12 unacclimatised men (age: 22.3 ± 3.0 years, body mass: 73.4 ± 5.1 kg, height: 181.0 ± 5.3 cm and max: 51.2 ± 9.5 mL/kg/min) participated in a control (CON) and combined cooling trial (ice slurry and ice collar; COOL). A battery of cognitive tests were completed prior to, during (at half‐time) and following a 90‐min intermittent running protocol in the heat (33°C, 50% relative humidity (RH)). Perceptual and physiological measures were taken throughout the protocol. In CON, response times were quicker on the Stroop task complex level (p = 0.002) and the visual search test complex level at full‐time (p = 0.014) compared to COOL. During COOL, response times were quicker at half‐time on the Stroop task complex level (p = 0.024) compared to CON. Lower rectal temperatures were seen during COOL (CON: 37.44 ± 0.65°C and COOL: 37.28 ± 0.68°C) as well as lower skin, neck and forehead temperatures (main effect of trial, all p < 0.05). Lower ratings of thermal sensation and perceived exertion and enhanced thermal comfort were recorded during COOL (main effect of trial, all p < 0.05). Whilst minimal differences in cognitive function were found when using the combined cooling intervention, the findings highlight a practical and effective strategy to improving many physiological and perceptual responses to intermittent exercise in the heat.
Comparative analysis of SNaPshot and massively parallel sequencing for body fluid–specific DNA methylation markers
Authors: Kim Bo Min , Park Sang Un , Lee Hwan Young
Published: August 2024

The identification of tissue‐specific differentially methylated regions has significantly contributed to the field of forensic genetics, particularly in body fluid identification crucial for linking evidence to crimes. Among the various approaches to analyzing DNA methylation, the SNaPshot assay has been popularly studied in numerous researches. However, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative methods such as the use of massively parallel sequencing (MPS), which can process a large number of samples simultaneously. This study compares SNaPshot and MPS multiplex assays using nine cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine markers for body fluid identification. As a result of analyzing 112 samples, including blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, and semen, both methods demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, indicating their reliability in forensic investigations. A total of 92.0% samples were correctly identified by both methods. Although both methods accurately identified all blood, saliva, and semen samples, some vaginal fluid samples showed unexpected methylation signals at nontarget loci in addition to the target loci. In the case of menstrual blood samples, due to their complexity, independent typing criteria were applied, and successful menstrual blood typing was possible, whereas a few samples showed profiles similar to vaginal fluid. The MPS method worked better in vaginal fluid samples, and the SNaPshot method performed better in menstrual blood samples. This study offers valuable insights into body fluid identification based on the characteristics of the SNaPshot and MPS methods, which may help in more efficient forensic applications.
Modelling the effects of green finance and renewable energy on environmental sustainability: Fresh insights for BICST economies
Authors: Han Jiaojiao , Shah Nida , Baloch Muhammad Awais
Published: August 2024

Policymakers are increasingly recognizing the need to prioritize sustainability in their economic growth agendas due to escalating environmental deterioration. Green financing and the utilization of clean energy are advanced solutions to this problem. However, there is a significant need to investigate the green finance‐emission nexus in the presence of renewable energy. This study investigates the impact of green financing and renewable energy on environmental sustainability in BICST economies from 2000 to 2021. The analysis considers GDP, urbanization and access to electricity as controlling factors in the model. A Method of Moments Quantile Regression was executed and indicated that green financing and renewable energy play a crucial role in managing and reducing ongoing CO2 emissions in BICST countries. The scientific evidence indicates that increasing levels of CO2 emissions can be attributed to both urbanization and economic development. On the other hand, having access to power has a positive impact on the environment. Additionally, numerous other tests confirm the validity, strength and reliability of the major findings. In the BICST countries, major policy recommendations to enhance environmental sustainability include private sector investment, promoting incentive‐based policies and ensuring the financial sector's autonomy to stimulate the integration of renewable energy sources into economic operations.
Segmentation of stroke lesions using transformers‐augmented MRI analysis
Authors: Ahmed Ramsha , Al Shehhi Aamna , Werghi Naoufel , Seghier Mohamed L.
Published: August 2024

Accurate segmentation of chronic stroke lesions from mono‐spectral magnetic resonance imaging scans (e.g., T1‐weighted images) is a difficult task due to the arbitrary shape, complex texture, variable size and intensities, and varied locations of the lesions. Due to this inherent spatial heterogeneity, existing machine learning methods have shown moderate performance for chronic lesion delineation. In this study, we introduced: (1) a method that integrates transformers' deformable feature attention mechanism with convolutional deep learning architecture to improve the accuracy and generalizability of stroke lesion segmentation, and (2) an ecological data augmentation technique based on inserting real lesions into intact brain regions. Our combination of these two approaches resulted in a significant increase in segmentation performance, with a Dice index of 0.82 (±0.39), outperforming the existing methods trained and tested on the same Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke (ATLAS) 2022 dataset. Our method performed relatively well even for cases with small stroke lesions. We validated the robustness of our method through an ablation study and by testing it on new unseen brain scans from the Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) 2015 dataset. Overall, our proposed approach of transformers with ecological data augmentation offers a robust way to delineate chronic stroke lesions with clinically relevant accuracy. Our method can be extended to other challenging tasks that require automated detection and segmentation of diverse brain abnormalities from clinical scans.
TikTok as a platform for hysteroscopy information: An analytical video‐based cross‐sectional study to assess quality, reliability, and accuracy
Authors: Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Angioni Stefano , Saponara Stefania , Sicilia Gilda , Etrusco Andrea , D'Alterio Maurizio Nicola , Cobellis Luigi , De Franciscis Pasquale , Riemma Gaetano
Published: August 2024

Objective

To assess the quality, reliability, and level of misinformation in TikTok videos about hysteroscopy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of TikTok videos retrieved using “hysteroscopy” as search term was performed. Patient education materials assessment tool for audio‐visual content (PEMAT A/V), the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), global quality scale (GQS), video information and quality index (VIQI) and misinformation assessment were used.

Results

Of three hundred videos captured, 156 were excluded and 144 were included. Most videos were partially accurate or uninformative (43.8% and 34.7%, respectively). Non‐healthcare providers produced more inaccurate or uninformative videos than healthcare workers (51.1% vs 4.0%; P < 0.001). Compared to content by professionals, content by patients showed increased distrust towards gynecologists (11.7% vs 0%; P = 0.012) and increased incidence of anxiety and concern towards hysteroscopy (25.5% vs 2%; P < 0.001). PEMAT A/V scores for understandability and actionability were low at 42.9% (interquartile range [IQR]: 11.1–70) and 0% (IQR: 0–0), respectively. Understandability (P < 0.001) and actionability (P = 0.001) were higher for professionals' created content relative to patients' videos. Similarly, median mDISCERN score was low (1 [IQR 0–2]), with significantly higher score for healthcare professionals compared to patients (P < 0.001). Overall video quality was also low, with median VIQI and GQS score of 7 (IQR 4–11) and 1 (IQR 1–3), respectively, and significantly higher scores for healthcare workers' captions compared to patients' for both (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

TikTok videos' quality on hysteroscopy seems unsatisfactory and misinformative, with low understandability and actionability scores. Videos recorded by healthcare workers show higher quality and less misinformation than those by patients. Raising the awareness regarding the low quality of medical information on social media is crucial to increase future reliability and trustworthiness.
Building bilateral global research capacity among students and faculty through initiation of a medical student research grant in Ghana
Authors: Thiyagarajan Dhanalakshmi , Ibine Rebecca , Nuamah Mercy , Lawrence Emma
Published: August 2024

Synopsis

This global grant program provides the opportunity for students to develop meaningful projects and translate them into academic success, while building bilateral faculty research capacity.
Unlocking the potential of carbon quantum dots: Versatile photocatalysts for methylene blue degradation—A comprehensive review of synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, and environmental applications
Authors: Ali Farhad , De Juan‐Corpuz Lyn Marie , Corpuz Ryan D.
Published: August 2024

Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are nanoscale carbon‐based particles with unique quantum properties. Because of their customizable size, optical properties, and surface functions, CQDs are frequently used in a wide range of applications. The present thorough analysis delves into the crucial function of CQDs in the photocatalytic breakdown of Methylene Blue (MB), providing valuable perspectives on their production, attributes, and catalytic processes. The effects of pH, wavelength, intensity, and other variables on the effectiveness of MB degradation are covered in detail. An analytical review of the kinetic models used to estimate the deterioration process is given. For improved stability and recyclability, the synergistic effects of CQD‐based composites and developments in catalyst immobilization techniques are examined. Prospects for the future center on reactor designs, integration into large‐scale water treatment systems, and optimization of CQD features. The research highlights the revolutionary potential of CQDs in transforming wastewater treatment and advancing environmentally sound solutions.
Pediatric dental clinic transformations post‐COVID‐19 reopening in a public dental school
Authors: de Oliveira Yasmin I. , Gois Carla M. B. , Puppin‐Rontani Regina M. , Pascon Fernanda M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To assess the impact of transformations in pediatric dental clinics following reopening during the COVID‐19 pandemic on pediatric dentistry procedures performed by dental students.

Methods

Data were collected from electronic clinical records of Integrated Dental Clinical disciplines (I, II, III, and IV) from 2018 to 2023. The procedures were categorized into phases: prevention/stabilization, restorative/definitive, and maintenance. The data were analyzed descriptively and by t‐test considering the pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods (α = 5%).

Results

During the pandemic, Integrated Dental Clinics I and III saw increased prevention/stabilization procedures percentages (92.4% and 74.3%) compared to pre‐pandemic (84.9% and 70%), while Integrated Dental Clinic II and IV saw a decline (76.6% and 66.1%) compared to pre‐pandemic (79.1% and 67.9%). Restorative/definitive procedures decreased in Integrated Dental Clinic I and III (5.5% and 20.3%) from pre‐pandemic period (10% and 24.1%) but increased in Integrated Dental Clinic II and IV (18.3% and 26.2%) from pre‐pandemic (15.3% and 25%). Maintenance procedures decreased in Integrated Dental Clinic I, II, and III (2.1%, 5%, and 5.4%) compared to pre‐pandemic (5.1%, 5.6%, and 6%), except for Integrated Dental Clinic IV, which saw an increase (7.8% from 7.2%). Despite the percentage changes, no significant differences were found between the periods analyzed (p > 0.05). However, when considering the total procedures across all disciplines and phases, there was a significant decrease during the pandemic in phases 1 and 3 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Despite the changes in pediatric dentistry procedures, the transformations within the dental clinic suggest tangible benefits for the teaching–learning process and safe patient care.
Gingival phenotype classification by visual and probe visibility assessments: Relationship with thickness and probe design
Authors: Uysal Burak Fatih , Köse Timur , Gürkan Ali
Published: August 2024

Background

This study investigated the agreement among dentists in classifying gingival phenotype (GP) through periodontal probe visibility (PPV) assessment with various probe types and the visual method. Additionally, the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness (GT) was evaluated.

Methods

Photographs were taken with standard periodontal probe (SPP), color‐coded periodontal probe (CCPP) tips in white, green, and blue, as well as metal phenotype probe (MPP) tips in gray and black. Evaluators (periodontist, periodontics resident, endodontics resident, dental student) assessed the photographs and classified the GPs. GT was measured by trans gingival probing.

Results

Visual method showed poor to fair agreement to classify GP. The lowest agreement regarding PPV was noted with white‐tipped CCPP. The highest agreement in singular PPV was observed with CCPP blue (κ = 0.932), followed by CCPP green (κ = 0.791), MPP black (κ = 0.783), SPP (κ = 0.730), and MPP gray (κ = 0.690). Combined PPV data revealed fair to moderate agreement with CCPP and moderate to substantial agreement with MPP in GP classification. The corresponding GT to different GP classifications based on combined PPV were comparable. The agreement between SPP and CCPP in classifying non‐thin phenotypes was 89.8%, while the agreement between SPP and MPP was 75.4%. Based on PPV, no significant GT cutoff value was found to distinguish between thin and non‐thin phenotypes.

Conclusion

Determining a precise GT that guarantees the visibility of a given probe can be difficult when evaluating GP. Regardless of the type of probe, the PPV method has a high potential for misclassifying GP, despite having an acceptable agreement.

Plain language summary

Gingival phenotype (GP) is constituted by thickness of the gums and width of keratinized tissue around teeth. Direct visual evaluation or evaluating a periodontal probe's visibility beneath gums are established techniques to classify gingival phenotype. This study investigated how dentists classify GP using visual assessments and different types of periodontal probes, while also exploring the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness. Results showed varied agreement among dentists in classifying GP, with lower agreement observed when using certain types of probes, notably the white‐tipped phenotype probe. The highest agreement was found with the blue phenotype probe. Data from periodontal probe visibility assessments indicated fair to moderate agreement with certain probes, suggesting some inconsistency in classification methods. Interestingly, GP classification with visual assessments or probes did not correlate with gingival thickness, which may highlight the importance of considering both factors in clinical practice. These findings underline the need for attention when relying solely on visual assessments or specific probe types for accurate GP classification.