bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Cares about the Health of Health Care Professionals? An 18-Year Longitudinal Study of Working Time, Health, and Occupational Turnover
Authors: Kramer Amit , Son Jooyeon
Published: March 2016

Health care workers are employed in a complex, stressful, and sometimes hazardous work environment. Studies of the health of health care workers tend to focus on estimating the effects of short-term health outcomes on employee attitudes and performance, which are easier to observe than long-term health outcomes. Research has paid only scant attention to work characteristics that are controlled by the employer and its employees, and their relationship to employees’ long-term physical health and organizational outcomes. The authors use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) from 1992 to 2010 to estimate the relationships among working time, long-term physical health, job satisfaction, and turnover among health care employees. Using a between- and within-person design, they estimate how within-person changes in work characteristics affect the within-person growth trajectory of body mass index (BMI) over time and the relationship between working-time changes and physical health, and occupational turnover. The study finds that health care employees who work more hours suffer from a higher level of BMI and are more likely to leave their occupation.
What Is the Slope of this Pitch?
Authors: Luigi Barazzetti , Fabio Roncoroni
Published: March 2016

The FIFA Quality Concept (2012) requires a slope lower than 1% for soccer fields (<0.5% recommended). On the other hand, the use of a single constraint is not sufficient to capture the singularities and local anomalies of the pitch. This paper presents a procedure able to (1) reconstruct the entire pitch surface and (2) analyze its shape. The method can be intended as a multi-step methodology where three-dimensional coordinates are captured with accurate and rapid surveying techniques, a model of the pitch is extracted with automated techniques for data interpolation based on non-uniform rational B-spline curves and surfaces, and raster algebra provides a detailed and exhaustive visualization of slope distribution and profile curvature.
Introduction to Special Issue on Community Psychology and the Hermeneutics of Love
Authors: Robbins Brent Dean
Published: March 2016

In this introduction to the special issue on humanistic community psychology and the hermeneutics of love, a context is provided for the emergence of a community psychology founded on a hermeneutics love. The origins of the concept are traced to the development of a humanistic community psychology program at Point Park University. The introduction also provides a basic overview of hermeneutics and its relevance and importance for humanistic psychology, especially as informed by the phenomenological and existential tradition of continental philosophy. The hermeneutics of love is shown to be especially indebted to Paul Ricoeur who identified a hermeneutics of suspicion as a common, interpretive style in thinkers including Marx, Freud, and Nietzsche. The hermeneutics of love is contrasted with the hermeneutics of suspicion and forms the basis for charitable interpretation in research that is in the service of social justice and the marginalized sociopolitical “other.”
Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries
Authors: van der Meer Tom , Hakhverdian Armen
Published: March 2016

This article extends and tests the trust-as-evaluation approach that is dominant in political science. Citizens supposedly grant and withhold trust in politics based on an assessment of its merits. We argue that the relevance of performances and processes should be conditional on the values that citizens hold dear and the accuracy with which they perceive them. Through multilevel analyses of the European Value Survey 2008, we model the (conditional) effects of a wide range of macro-economic outcomes and procedural characteristics on two aspects of political trust: satisfaction with democracy and confidence in political institutions. We find that macro-economic outcomes do not relate to political trust once we control for corruption. The effects of corruption and macro-economic outcomes are indeed stronger among the higher educated. However, the effect of macro-economic outcomes is not conditional on citizens’ values. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for the use of the trust-as-evaluation approach.
Feminism and rethinking our models of the self
Authors: Meehan Johanna
Published: March 2016

In this article I argue that Butler and Benhabib work with models of the self that should be jettisoned. Butler relies on what I call the outside-to-inside model, while Benhabib shuttles between an outside-to-inside and an inside-to-outside model. Because of the inherent limitations of these models neither can do what both authors set out to do, which is to describe the ontogeny of the self. I trace their discussions over the course of their writings and then propose that the notion of emergence that one finds in Developmental Systems Theory offers a much better starting point for account of the nature and development of the self.
Sudden‐Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss after Immunization
Authors: Baxter Roger , Lewis Ned , Bohrer Pamela , Harrington Theresa , Aukes Laurie , Klein Nicola P.
Published: March 2016

Objective

Case reports of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) following vaccines have led to concerns that vaccines may rarely cause hearing loss. Because of this concern, we analyzed for an association between SSHL and vaccinations.

Study Design

We used a case‐centered method, equivalent to a case control design using immunization dates from all matched members of the population to calculate exposure to vaccines, rather than sampling.

Setting

Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2007 to 2013.

Subjects and Methods

We searched KPNC databases from 2007 to 2013 for all first‐time diagnoses of SSHL. We used the date of any hearing‐ or ear‐related visit in the 60 days prior to the first SSHL diagnosis as the onset date. Using only SSHL cases immunized in the prior 9 months, we compared the vaccine exposure in several risk intervals prior to onset with the exposure to the same vaccine during the same time period in all KPNC membership, matched to sex and age.

Results

During the study period, >20 million vaccines were administered at KPNC. In all risk intervals prior to onset of SSHL, we found no evidence of increased risk of immunization compared with matched controls. The odds ratios for vaccination 1 week prior to SSHL were 0.965 (95% confidence interval, 0.61‐1.50) for trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV); 0.842 (0.39‐1.62) for tetanus, reduced diphtheria, and reduced acellular pertussis; and 0.454 (0.08‐1.53) for zoster vaccine.

Conclusion

A large‐scale analysis applying a case‐centered method did not detect any association between SSHL and previous receipt of TIV or other vaccines.
Effects of Memantine on Aminoglycoside‐Induced Apoptosis of Spiral Ganglion Cells in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kim Bo Young , Bae Woo Yong , Hur Dae Young , Kim Jae‐Ryong , Koh Tae Kyung , Lee Tae Hoon , Park Ga Bin
Published: March 2016

Objective

To explore whether memantine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, exerts a neuroprotective effect against apoptosis of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) induced by gentamicin.

Study Design

An animal experiment.

Setting

Dong‐A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Subjects and Methods

Gentamicin was injected into the left cochleae of guinea pigs to induce apoptosis of SGCs; the contralateral cochleae served as controls. Memantine was intraperitoneally injected 12 hours and 1 hour prior to gentamicin injection. At 1 week after gentamicin and/or memantine injection, the cochleae were removed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate morphologic changes and apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to measure FasL expression and the extent of caspase activation in SGCs.

Results

SGC numbers remained stable after memantine treatment. Western blotting showed that FasL expression and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were reduced in SGCs after memantine treatment.

Conclusion

Memantine attenuated the gentamicin‐induced apoptosis of SGCs in guinea pigs. Moreover, memantine may affect Fas‐FasL signaling in the receptor‐mediated apoptotic pathway and caspase activation involved in the receptor‐mediated and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
Income management in New Zealand and Australia: Differently framed but similarly problematic for Indigenous peoples
Authors: Humpage Louise
Published: March 2016

Income management, which reduces the control that benefit recipients have over social security income by quarantining a percentage for approved expenses, was introduced in both Australia and New Zealand in the late 2000s. In Australia, income management explicitly targeted Indigenous communities, being initiated as part of the Northern Territory Emergency Response in 2007, then later extended to other benefit recipients. In New Zealand, all 16- and 17-year-old benefit recipients and 18-year-old parents on a benefit became subject to income management in 2012 as a means to inhibit future ‘welfare dependency’ amongst young people. Despite the absence of an explicitly racialised framing in New Zealand, this article contends that both income management programmes represent a form of institutional racism, disproportionately affecting Indigenous peoples and significantly limiting Indigenous opportunities for self-determination.
Singing together or apart: The effect of competitive and cooperative singing on social bonding within and between sub-groups of a university Fraternity
Authors: Pearce Eiluned , Launay Jacques , van Duijn Max , Rotkirch Anna , David-Barrett Tamas , Dunbar Robin I. M.
Published: March 2016

Singing together seems to facilitate social bonding, but it is unclear whether this is true in all contexts. Here we examine the social bonding outcomes of naturalistic singing behaviour in a European university Fraternity composed of exclusive “Cliques”: recognised sub-groups of 5–20 friends who adopt a special name and identity. Singing occurs frequently in this Fraternity, both “competitively” (contests between Cliques) and “cooperatively” (multiple Cliques singing together). Both situations were recreated experimentally in order to explore how competitive and cooperative singing affects feelings of closeness towards others. Participants were assigned to teams of four and were asked to sing together with another team either from the same Clique or from a different Clique. Participants ( N = 88) felt significantly closer to teams from different Cliques after singing with them compared to before, regardless of whether they cooperated with (singing loudly together) or competed against (trying to singing louder than) the other team. In contrast, participants reported reduced closeness with other teams from their own Clique after competing with them. These results indicate that group singing can increase closeness to less familiar individuals regardless of whether they share a common motivation, but that singing competitively may reduce closeness within a very tight-knit group.
Multivariate Analysis of the Risk Factors for First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury in High School and College Athletes
Authors: Vacek Pamela M. , Slauterbeck James R. , Tourville Timothy W. , Sturnick Daniel R. , Holterman Leigh-Ann , Smith Helen C. , Shultz Sandra J. , Johnson Robert J. , Tourville Kelly J. , Beynnon Bruce D.
Published: March 2016

Background:

Multivariate analysis that identifies the combination of risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) trauma is important because it provides insight into whether a variable has a direct causal effect on risk or an indirect effect that is mediated by other variables. It can also reveal risk factors that might not be evident in univariate analyses; if a variable’s effect is moderated by other variables, its association with risk may be apparent only after adjustment for the other variables. Most important, multivariate analyses can identify combinations of risk factors that are more predictive of risk than individual risk factors.

Hypothesis:

A diverse combination of risk factors predispose athletes to first-time noncontact ACL injury, and these relationships are different for male and female athletes.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Athletes competing in organized sports at the high school and college levels participated in this study. Data from injured subjects (109 suffering an ACL injury) and matched controls (227 subjects) from the same athletic team were analyzed with multivariate conditional logistic regression to examine the effects of combinations of variables (demographic characteristics, joint laxity, lower extremity alignment, strength, and personality traits) on the risk of suffering their first ACL injury and to construct risk models.

Results:

For male athletes, increases in anterior-posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur (knee laxity), posterior knee stiffness, navicular drop, and a decrease in standing quadriceps angle were jointly predictive of suffering an ACL injury. For female athletes the combined effects of having a parent who had suffered an ACL injury and increases in anterior-posterior knee laxity and body mass index were predictive of ACL injury.

Conclusion:

Multivariate models provided more information about ACL injury risk than individual risk factors. Both male and female risk models included increased anterior-posterior knee laxity as a predictor of ACL injury but were otherwise dissimilar.
Effect of Trochlear Dysplasia on Outcomes After Isolated Soft Tissue Stabilization for Patellar Instability
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie A. , Kerslake Sarah , Loewen Michael , Lafave Mark
Published: March 2016

Background:

Trochlear dysplasia is a well-described risk factor for patellofemoral instability. Despite its clear association with the incidence of patellar instability, it is unclear whether the presence of high-grade trochlear dysplasia influences clinical outcome after patellofemoral stabilization.

Purpose:

To determine whether isolated proximal soft tissue stabilization for patellofemoral instability is as successful in patients with high-grade dysplasia compared with low-grade or no dysplasia, as measured by disease-specific quality-of-life and pain scores.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 277 patellofemoral stabilization procedures were performed during the study period. An isolated stabilization was performed in 233 patients, and 203 of these patients (87%) had adequate lateral radiographs and complete Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII) scores available for assessment. Of these, 152 patients underwent a medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) and 51 patients received a medial patellofemoral ligament imbrication (MPFL-I). There were 21 patients with no trochlear dysplasia, 89 patients with low-grade dysplasia (Dejour type A), and 93 patients with high-grade dysplasia (Dejour types B-D). An independent-samples t test was used to determine the difference between the pre- and postoperative BPII scores. A Spearman rho correlation was calculated between 3 trochlear dysplasia groups and the BPII scores at a mean 24 months after patellofemoral stabilization. An independent-samples t test was used to assess the influence of trochlear bump size on outcomes by stratifying data and assessing for a relationship to BPII scores.

Results:

The independent-samples t test demonstrated statistically significant improvements in pre- to postoperative BPII scores for both groups. The MPFL-R group improved from a mean BPII score of 24.36 to 65.16 ( P < .001), and the MPFL-I group improved from a mean of 28.92 to 73.45 ( P < .01). For the MPFL-R patient cohort, the Spearman rho correlation demonstrated a significant relationship between postoperative BPII scores and presence of a trochlear bump and degree of dysplasia ( P ≤ .05). Overall, a trochlear bump of ≥5 mm was associated with lower postoperative BPII scores ( t(193) = 2.65, η2 = 0.04).

Conclusion:

This research has established a statistically significant correlation between trochlear dysplasia and disease-specific outcomes after MPFL-R surgery. Overall, there was evidence of significant improvement in disease-specific quality-of-life scores after patellofemoral stabilization surgery. This study is the largest cohort reported to date and therefore adds substantially to the evidence that trochlear dysplasia is a significant risk factor for and predictor of outcome among patients with patellofemoral instability.
Double Burden of Undernutrition and Obesity in Palestinian Schoolchildren
Authors: Massad Salwa , Deckelbaum Richard J. , Gebre-Medhin Mehari , Holleran Steve , Dary Omar , Obeidi Maysoun , Bordelois Paula , Khammash Umaiyeh
Published: March 2016

Background:

The coexistence of underweight and overweight (double burden) remains a major problem in many developing countries. Little is known about the factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition in Palestinian children.

Objective:

To assess factors associated with undernutrition and overnutrition in 1500 schoolchildren aged 5 to 16 years, in the West Bank.

Methods:

We surveyed a sample of 22 schools run by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and the Palestinian government. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with malnutrition. The hunger index, a composite score from 8 questions, was used to measure food insecurity.

Results:

In the 1484 children enrolled in UNRWA and government schools in the West Bank, the prevalence of stunting was 7% and underweight 3%. Around 12% of students were overweight and 6% obese. The hunger index was negatively associated with height for age. Factors associated with being underweight were male sex, mother being unemployed, and households not having enough food to eat for at least 2 days in the previous month. Factors associated with obesity were older age and time spent watching television. When overweight and obesity were combined in the analysis, they were inversely associated with increasing number of days spent playing sports.

Conclusion:

Our results show that the important nutritional risks for school-age children in the West Bank would seem to be the simultaneous occurrence of undernutrition and obesity. The study highlights the need to balance obesity management and prevention with interventions to tackle undernutrition.
Practices of pharmaceutical waste generation and discarding in households across Portugal
Authors: Dias-Ferreira Celia , Valente Susana , Vaz João
Published: March 2016

This work is the first nationwide study in Portugal on pharmaceutical waste generated at households, exploring people’s attitudes and risk perception. The waste audit was carried out from September to November 2014, targeting pharmaceutical products kept by a sample of families ( n = 244). This campaign was an assignment of VALORMED, the non-profit association that manages waste and packaging from expired and unused pharmaceutical products collected by the pharmacies. On average, each household kept at home 1097 g of pharmaceutical products, of which 20% were in use, 72% were not in use, and 8% were mostly expired products ready to discard. Face-to-face interviews with householders showed that 69% of the respondents claimed returning pharmaceutical waste to the local pharmacy. However, this figure is overrated, probably owing to a possible ‘good answer’ effect. The barriers identified to proper disposal were mainly established routines and lack of close disposal points. This study also provides an insight into the Portuguese awareness and daily practices concerning pharmaceutical waste, which is the cornerstone of any future strategy to reduce the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients into ecosystems.
Rape Perpetrators on Trial: The Effect of Sexual Assault–Related Schemas on Attributions of Blame
Authors: Stuart Shannon M. , McKimmie Blake M. , Masser Barbara M.
Published: March 2016

Research has consistently shown that jurors are influenced by multiple schemas in cases of alleged sexual assault, including offense stereotypes and victim stereotypes. These schemas appear to be organized in a hierarchy, as victim stereotypicality seems to matter most in acquaintance assaults (counter-stereotypical offense). However, despite numerous studies demonstrating the impact of defendant stereotypes on juror perceptions of guilt for other crimes, to date, the impact of stereotypes about defendants (perpetrators) in cases involving sexual violence have been overlooked. As such, the current research aimed to build on the existing hierarchical schema model by systematically examining the influence of perpetrator stereotypes. Following pilot work, mock jurors’ ( N = 163) read a rape scenario that varied in terms of offense stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical), victim stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical), and perpetrator stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical). Broadly consistent effects of offense stereotypicality and victim stereotypicality were observed across the outcome measures, such that the victim was perceived more positively and the perpetrator more negatively when the victim was described as being stereotypical and when the offense was described as stereotypical. However, contrary to past findings, the effect of victim stereotypicality did not differ as a function of offense stereotypicality. Furthermore, perpetrator stereotypicality did not influence perceptions in the stereotypical offense scenario. These findings suggest that contrary to the assertions of previous research, there is not a series of specific, individual stereotypes that impact attributions of blame, rather, there may be one underlying schema about consent that influences perceptions. These findings have important implications for how we address the effect of juror-held schemas on attributions of blame in cases of sexual assault.
Circumferential propagating characteristics of tip leakage flow oscillation and its induced rotating pressure wave
Authors: Hao Wang , Yadong Wu , Hua Ouyang , Zhaohui Du
Published: March 2016

The tip leakage flow oscillation and its circumferential propagation features are investigated numerically on a low-speed axial compressor rotor. Full-annulus unsteady simulations are performed at different operating conditions. The tip leakage flow oscillation is detected by the pressure fluctuation in the rotor tip region. The results show that the tip leakage flow has the same oscillating pattern in each passage, yet pressure fluctuations of neighboring passages have a phase lag, which can be modeled as a pressure wave propagating circumferentially relative to the rotor. This rotating pressure wave is considered mathematically using Fourier series. The results show that the rotating pressure wave induced by tip leakage flow oscillation contains multiple modes. A theoretical model is proposed to calculate the mode order, angular velocity and frequency of each mode. Finally, by comparing the calculated frequencies with both the predicted and measured pressure spectra, the theoretical model is demonstrated.
Adolescent Physiological and Behavioral Patterns of Emotion Dysregulation Predict Multisystemic Therapy Response
Authors: Winiarski D. Anne , Schechter Julia C. , Brennan Patricia A. , Foster Sharon L. , Cunningham Phillippe B. , Whitmore Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2016

This study examined whether physiological and behavioral indicators of emotion dysregulation assessed over the course of multisystemic therapy (MST) were related to treatment response. Participants were 180 ethnically diverse adolescents ( n = 120 males), ranging in age from 12 to 17 years. Treatment response was assessed through therapist report and official arrest records. Changes in cortisol reactivity and changes in scores on a Behavioral Dysregulation subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist were used as indicators of emotion dysregulation. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses examined whether a less favorable treatment response was associated with cortisol reactivity measures collected (a) early in treatment and (b) over the course of treatment as well as with behavioral reports of emotion dysregulation reported (c) early in treatment and (d) over the course of treatment. Sex was explored as a moderator of these associations. Results indicated that both cortisol and behavioral indices of emotion dysregulation early in treatment and over the course of therapy predicted treatment responsiveness. This relationship was moderated by sex: Girls were more likely to evidence a pattern of increasing emotion regulation prior to successful therapy response. The results lend further support to the notion of incorporating emotion regulation techniques into treatment protocols for delinquent behavior.
Creating Highly Reliable Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: Vogus Timothy J. , Singer Sara J.
Published: March 2016

Accountable Care Organizations’ (ACOs) pursuit of the triple aim of higher quality, lower cost, and improved population health has met with mixed results. To improve the design and implementation of ACOs we look to organizations that manage similarly complex, dynamic, and tightly coupled conditions while sustaining exceptional performance known as high-reliability organizations. We describe the key processes through which organizations achieve reliability, the leadership and organizational practices that enable it, and the role that professionals can play when charged with enacting it. Specifically, we present concrete practices and processes from health care organizations pursuing high-reliability and from early ACOs to illustrate how the triple aim may be met by cultivating mindful organizing, practicing reliability-enhancing leadership, and identifying and supporting reliability professionals. We conclude by proposing a set of research questions to advance the study of ACOs and high-reliability research.
Penguins, Hype, and MMOGs for Kids: A Critical Reexamination of the 2008 “Boom” in Children’s Virtual Worlds Development
Authors: Grimes Sara M.
Published: March 2016

According to various media and academic sources, the virtual worlds landscape underwent a profound transformation in 2008, with the arrival of numerous new titles designed and targeted specifically to young children. Although a growing body of research has explored some of the titles involved in this shift, little remains known of its overall scope and contents. This article provides a mapping of the initial “boom” in children’s virtual worlds development and identifies a number of significant patterns within the ensuing children’s virtual worlds landscape. The argument is made that while the reported boom in children’s virtual worlds has been exaggerated, a number of important shifts for online gaming culture did unfold during this period, some of which challenge accepted definitions of “virtual world” and “multiplayer online game.” The implications of these findings are discussed in light of contemporary developments and trends within children’s digital culture and within online gaming more broadly.
Stable, synthetic analogs of diadenosine tetraphosphate inhibit rat and human P2X3 receptors and inflammatory pain
Authors: Viatchenko-Karpinski Viacheslav , Novosolova Natalia , Ishchenko Yevheniia , Azhar M Ameruddin , Wright Michael , Tsintsadze Vera , Kamal Ahmed , Burnashev Nail , Miller Andrew D , Voitenko Nana , Giniatullin Rashid , Lozovaya Natalia
Published: March 2016

Background

A growing body of evidence suggests that ATP-gated P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) are implicated in chronic pain. We address the possibility that stable, synthetic analogs of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) might induce antinociceptive effects by inhibiting P2X3Rs in peripheral sensory neurons.

Results

The effects of two stable, synthetic Ap4A analogs (AppNHppA and AppCH2ppA) are studied firstly in vitro on HEK293 cells expressing recombinant rat P2XRs (P2X2Rs, P2X3Rs, P2X4Rs, and P2X7Rs) and then using native rat brain cells (cultured trigeminal, nodose, or dorsal root ganglion neurons). Thereafter, the action of these stable, synthetic Ap4A analogs on inflammatory pain and thermal hyperalgesia is studied through the measurement of antinociceptive effects in formalin and Hargreaves plantar tests in rats in vivo. In vitro inhibition of rat P2X3Rs (not P2X2Rs, P2X4Rs nor P2X7Rs) is shown to take place mediated by high-affinity desensitization (at low concentrations; IC50 values 100–250 nM) giving way to only weak partial agonism at much higher concentrations (EC50 values ≥ 10 µM). Similar inhibitory activity is observed with human recombinant P2X3Rs. The inhibitory effects of AppNHppA on nodose, dorsal root, and trigeminal neuron whole cell currents suggest that stable, synthetic Ap4A analogs inhibit homomeric P2X3Rs in preference to heteromeric P2X2/3Rs. Both Ap4A analogs mediate clear inhibition of pain responses in both in vivo inflammation models.

Conclusions

Stable, synthetic Ap4A analogs (AppNHppA and AppCH2ppA) being weak partial agonist provoke potent high-affinity desensitization-mediated inhibition of homomeric P2X3Rs at low concentrations. Therefore, both analogs demonstrate clear potential as potent analgesic agents for use in the management of chronic pain associated with heightened P2X3R activation.
China: Economic magnet or rival? Framing of China in the Dutch- and French-language elite press in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: Lams Lutgard
Published: March 2016

Given the increasing attention China has attracted on a global scale over the last few decades, ample academic research has been conducted into the types of China discourses, spread through the media. Studies have pointed at a mounting Sino-phobic discourse in some US media, which prompts the question whether similar attitudes and frames emerge in non-English media narratives. Hence, this study examines how the Belgian as well as the Dutch elite press engage with the new world player. It combines a content analysis, looking into thematic hierarchies and tone/perspective with a critical discourse analysis, retrieving discursive practices, such as evaluative positioning and framing of the country and its main actors. In addition, the article integrates framing research with a Gramscian notion of media hegemony to investigate whether the particular source selection leaves room for a heteroglossic environment.
A Fall in the Workplace Leads to a Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lurati Ann Regina
Published: March 2016

A 62 year old male worker sustained a head contusion from a fall in the workplace. When assessing the mechanism of the fall, it was noted that the worker stated that his feet became “stuck” and would not move. He also stated that he could not move fast enough to break his fall. Upon physical examination, a resting tremor was noted as well as upper and lower body rigidity, and a festinating gait. The worker was evaluated by a neurologist and diagnosed with early Parkinson’s disease.
Obesity, Prediabetes, and Perceived Stress in Municipal Workers
Authors: O’Keefe Louise C. , Brown Kathleen C. , Frith Karen H. , Heaton Karen L. , Maples Elizabeth H. , Phillips Jennan A. , Vance David E.
Published: March 2016

The primary cause of death for men and women in the United States is heart disease. Obesity and diabetes are major contributors to heart disease, and the risk is worsened in the presence of stress. It is clinically useful to identify predictors of obesity and prediabetes in a working population. The purpose of this current cross-sectional, correlational study was to examine relationships among obesity, prediabetes, and perceived stress in municipal workers using a subset of worksite wellness program data from employees screened in 2010 and 2011. Multiple regression models indicated that age, gender, race, HA1c, shift schedule, physical activity, and occupation were significant predictors of obesity in municipal workers ( p < .01). Prediabetes in municipal workers was predicted by age, Black race, and body mass index (BMI; p < .01). Perceived stress was not a significant predictor of obesity or prediabetes in municipal workers. Overall, the findings of this study provide guidance to occupational health nurses when evaluating individuals in an occupational health setting. Further research is needed to examine relationships among the variables and validate the models.
Factors Influencing the Decision to Receive an Influenza Vaccination Among Manufacturing Plant and Day Care Center Employees
Authors: McKeirnan Kimberly C.
Published: March 2016

To improve influenza immunization rates, it is essential to understand why adults are not immunized and the factors that influence their decisions. This information can be used to tailor educational materials and outreach.
An Interview with Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Robbins Bruce
Published: March 2016

In this interview, conducted at Columbia University in the fall of 2013, Turkish Nobel Prize winner Orhan Pamuk discusses the trajectory of his own novels, what has and has not changed in the genre's social aspirations and challenges, its characteristic topics and settings, its distinct forms of competition with journalism, on the one hand, and television, on the other. He comments on his relation as a writer to Western postmodernism and the concept of national allegory, on the meaning of innocence, the phenomenology of love, and the novelist's responsibility to both national and international readerships.
A curated transcriptome dataset collection to investigate the functional programming of human hematopoietic cells in early life
Authors: Rahman Mahbuba , Boughorbel Sabri , Presnell Scott , Quinn Charlie , Cugno Chiara , Chaussabel Damien , Marr Nico
Published: March 2016

Compendia of large-scale datasets made available in public repositories provide an opportunity to identify and fill gaps in biomedical knowledge. But first, these data need to be made readily accessible to research investigators for interpretation. Here we make available a collection of transcriptome datasets to investigate the functional programming of human hematopoietic cells in early life. Thirty two datasets were retrieved from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and loaded in a custom web application called the Gene Expression Browser (GXB), which was designed for interactive query and visualization of integrated large-scale data. Quality control checks were performed. Multiple sample groupings and gene rank lists were created allowing users to reveal age-related differences in transcriptome profiles, changes in the gene expression of neonatal hematopoietic cells to a variety of immune stimulators and modulators, as well as during cell differentiation. Available demographic, clinical, and cell phenotypic information can be overlaid with the gene expression data and used to sort samples. Web links to customized graphical views can be generated and subsequently inserted in manuscripts to report novel findings. GXB also enables browsing of a single gene across projects, thereby providing new perspectives on age- and developmental stage-specific expression of a given gene across the human hematopoietic system. This dataset collection is available at: http://developmentalimmunology.gxbsidra.org/dm3/geneBrowser/list.
Fractal Geometric Model of Microsurface
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov G. , Брылкин  , Brylkin Yuriy
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to the construction of spatial

model of microsuface module of copper alloy. A real surface has a

characteristic roughness associated with the material creating technology,

so knowing the geometric parameters of the surface microstructure

is very important in studying properties such as microhardness,

friction, aero- and gas-dynamic resistance and catalytic

activity towards reactions of heterogeneous recombination of atoms

in the active centers. To obtain qualitative data on the microsuface

morphology, without imposing on the sample to stringent requirements,

used a scanning tunneling microscope. Building a model

creates a need to recreate the surface topology to study its geometrical

properties, expressed through the fractal dimension. Such

a simulation should help to study the interaction mechanism between

molecules of a rarefied gas with the flying vehicle surface in the

solution of gas dynamics problems associated with heat and mass

transfer. In MathCAD the calculation of geometric characteristics

of a spatial model from the standpoint of the fractal theory for the

formation of geometrical shapes and GOST 2789-73 requirements

to control their numerical parameters. The example of procedural

(algorithmic) construction of geometrical model equivalent to the

real is given. It is shown that with sufficient for practical applications

accuracy the surface topology can be described by the fractal

patterns that take into account irregularities, both at the micro and

nanoscale. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to broadcast

a method of creating a fractal structure at any detail level.

Its positive and negative features based on the midpoint displacement

modernized algorithm use are noted. The algorithm

correctness for modeling the other materials surfaces geometry is

shown.
Contracting for On-Time Delivery in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Supply Chain
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Cho Soo-Haeng , Zhang Fuqiang
Published: March 2016

Although influenza vaccine shortage is often attributed to low supply, it has been observed that even with abundant supply, a major shortage can still occur because of late delivery. In this paper, motivated by the influenza vaccine industry, we study a supply chain contracting problem in the presence of uncertainties surrounding design, delivery, and demand of the influenza vaccine. In this supply chain, a manufacturer has insufficient incentive to initiate at-risk early production prior to the design freeze because it is a retailer who reaps the most benefits from selling more vaccines delivered on time. Anticipating that late delivery will lead to potential loss in demand, the retailer tends to reduce the order size, which further discourages the manufacturer from making an effort to improve its delivery performance. To break this negative feedback loop, a supply contract needs to achieve two objectives: incentivize at-risk early production and eliminate double marginalization. We find that two commonly observed supply contracts in practice, the delivery-time-dependent quantity flexibility (D-QF) contract and the late-rebate (LR) contract, may fail to coordinate the supply chain because of the tension between these two objectives. To resolve such a tension, we construct a buyback-and-late-rebate (BLR) contract and show that a properly designed BLR contract can not only coordinate the supply chain but also can provide full flexibility of profit division between members of the supply chain. Numerical experiments further demonstrate that the BLR contract significantly improves supply chain efficiency compared to the contracts used in the industry.
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Metal Oxide Nanohybrid for Efficient Adsorption, Photodegradation and Photoinactivation of Chemical and Microbial Contaminants
Authors: Thakur Suman , Barua Shaswat , Karak Niranjan
Published: March 2016

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-semiconductor metal oxide nanohybrids at different compositions of RGO and metal oxides (ZnO and/or TiO2) were prepared. The prepared nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These nanohybrids demonstrated a great improvement in the adsorption of heavy metal ions (As3+ ions) and an enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of an organic pollutant (methylene blue) over the individual nanomaterials in the presence of sunlight. The nanohybrids effectively removed As3+ ions within 60min from the contaminated water. The organic pollutant was efficiently degraded by the studied nanohybrids under solar light as well as direct sunlight. However, among them, RGO-TiO2 demonstrated the best photocatalytic degradation of it under both the conditions. The best-performed nanohybrid was significantly inhibited the growth of both gram negative and positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) under sunlight, though photoinactivation was more pronounced for E. coli. Thus, the studied nanohybrid shows a great potential as a promising water purifying material.
Argonaute2 Protein in Rat Spermatogenic Cells Is Localized to Nuage Structures and LAMP2-Positive Vesicles Surrounding Chromatoid Bodies
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Onohara Yuko , Fujita Hideaki , Yokota Sadaki
Published: March 2016

Localization of Argonaute2 (AGO2) protein—an essential component for the processing of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-directed RNA interference (RNAi) in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in nuage of rat spermatogenic cells—was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). AGO2 was shown, for the first time, to be localized to four previously classified types of nuage: irregularly shaped perinuclear granules (ISPGs), intermitochondrial cement (IMC), satellite bodies (SBs), and chromatoid bodies (CBs). Dual IEM staining for AGO2/Maelstrom (MAEL) protein or AGO2/MIWI protein demonstrated that AGO2 is colocalized with MAEL or MIWI proteins in these types of nuage. Dual IFM and IEM staining of AGO2/lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) showed that CB in round spermatids are in contact with and surrounded by LAMP2-positive vesicles, whereas nuage in pachytene spermatocytes are not. Taken together, our findings indicate that: (i) AGO2 in pachytene spermatocytes functions in ISPGs, IMC, and SBs; (ii) AGO2 in round spermatids functions in CBs, and that CBs are associated with lysosomal compartments.
Monitoring mRNA Translation in Neuronal Processes Using Fluorescent Non-Canonical Amino Acid Tagging
Authors: Kos Aron , Wanke Kai A. , Gioio Anthony , Martens Gerard J. , Kaplan Barry B. , Aschrafi Armaz
Published: March 2016

A steady accumulation of experimental data argues that protein synthesis in neurons is not merely restricted to the somatic compartment, but also occurs in several discrete cellular micro-domains. Local protein synthesis is critical for the establishment of synaptic plasticity in mature dendrites and in directing the growth cones of immature axons, and has been associated with cognitive impairment in mice and humans. Although in recent years a number of important mechanisms governing this process have been described, it remains technically challenging to precisely monitor local protein synthesis in individual neuronal cell parts independent from the soma. This report presents the utility of employing microfluidic chambers for the isolation and treatment of single neuronal cellular compartments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a protein synthesis assay, based on fluorescent non-canonical amino acid tagging (FUNCAT), can be combined with this cell culture system to label nascent proteins within a discrete structural and functional domain of the neuron. Together, these techniques could be employed for the detection of protein synthesis within developing and mature neurites, offering an effective approach to elucidate novel mechanisms controlling synaptic maintenance and plasticity.
Die körperliche Konstruktion des Sozialen
Authors: Stadelbacher Stephanie
Published: March 2016

Trotz einer mittlerweile florierenden Beachtung des Körpers in der gegenwärtigen Soziologie fehlt ihm bis dato eine Anerkennung als analytische und praktische Basiskategorie des Sozialen. Dabei hat der Körper grundlegende Relevanz für das Wissen von Welt sowie für soziale Interaktion - und zwar über performative, wahrnehmungs- und handlungspraktische Aspekte hinaus auch bezogen auf abstrakt-symbolisches Wissen. Stephanie Stadelbacher macht die Theorie kognitiver Metaphorik von George Lakoff und Mark Johnson für eine körpersoziologisch fundierte Theorie des Sozialen fruchtbar und erweitert so die derzeit verhandelten Dimensionen von Körperwissen - Wissen über, im und am Körper - um das Wissen durch den Körper.
Gegenstimmbildung
Authors: Meyer Tania
Published: March 2016

Wie intervenieren Theaterprojekte in eine rassistisch strukturierte Gesellschaft und ihre Identitätskonstruktionen? Aus postkolonialer Perspektive und mit Blick u.a. auf postmigrantisches Theater oder die Kontroverse um Blackfacing an deutschen Bühnen zeichnet Tania Meyer Strategien rassismuskritischer Theaterarbeit nach. Sie stellt Theaterprojekte vor, die das dominanzgesellschaftliche Narrativ über die Aufklärung als ›europäische Errungenschaft‹, mit dem Identitäten des Eigenen und Anderen konstruiert werden, zur Debatte stellen. Die Studie öffnet den Blick auf die historischen Dimensionen rassistischer Unterscheidungspraxen und ihre Tradierungen bis in die Gegenwart und ist zugleich ein Plädoyer zur Repolitisierung von Theater und Theaterpädagogik.
Perioperative and Early Postoperative Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nailing for Stable and Unstable Trochanteric Fractures
Authors: Đorđević Nina , Stanojlović Miloš , Milenković Saša , Stojiljković Predrag , Kocić Mirjana , Golubović Ivan
Published: March 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze perioperative parameters as well as early postoperative period of patients with trochanteric fractures nailing in relation to the fracture stability.

The prospective study included 46 patients with trochanteric fractures fixed with the third generation cephalomedullary nail. Two groups were formed - stable fractures (Group 1) and unstable fractures (Group 2). There were 20 patients in Group 1, and 26 in Group 2. All the patients underwent Bioimpianti “basic-nail” fracture fixation. Perioperative and early postoperative parameters were monitored and the groups were compared.

The average duration of surgery in both groups was not significantly different. The number of patients needing transfusion as well as the average transfusion volume was similar in both groups. Average Intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospitalization were longer in Group 1, though not significantly. In both groups, 80% of patients started early rehabilitation according to the protocol.

Trochanteric fracture fixation with Bioimpianti “Basic-nail” is a minimally invasive, safe method, giving the similar perioperative and early postoperative outcome regardless of the fracture stability. It enables fast postoperative recovery and reduction of early postoperative complications.
Chemical modification of alginic acid by ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Murdzheva Dilyana , Denev Panteley
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Chemical modification of alginic acid has been done by ultrasonic irradiation to obtain its methylated, ethylated and isopropylated derivatives. The influence of ultrasonic frequency and power on esterification process of alginic acid has been investigated. Alginate derivatives have been characterized by degree of esterification (DE) and IR-FT spectroscopy. It has been found that 45 kHz ultrasonic frequency accelerated modification process as reduced the reaction time from 16 hours to 2 hours. The obtained results showed that ultrasound irradiation increased the reaction efficiency in methanol and depended on the ratio of the M/G.