bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impinge of the State of Emergency on the Fundamental Freedoms
Authors: Le Teno Sandrine
Published: March 2019

This article is about the state of emergency in France, which will be in force until the 15th July 2017. After explaining the previous declaration of the state of emergency and its consequences, the article points out the conflict between the declaration of the state of emergency in France and fundamental freedoms as they are enshrined in French Law (law of 3rd April 1955 and law of 20th November 2015) as well as European (European Convention on Human Rights) and International (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) law and explains under which conditions the state of emergency can be lawful even if it implies a reduction or a derogation to fundamental freedoms which are supposed to be protected by the national and international pieces of legislation.
Precios promocionales de las aerolíneas ¿constituyen precios predatorios?
Authors: Moreno Burns Isabela
Published: March 2019

El proceso de competitividad entre los operadores por ganar clientes en el tiempo y la rivalidad entre ellos es lo que, en simples palabras, envuelve a la competencia. Existe, sin embargo, una serie de prácticas que pueden afectar a la competencia, como las conductas exclusorias y explotativas. El presente artículo se centrará específicamente en la predación como práctica ilegal, típicamente exclusoria, puesta en contraste con su más común justificación: los precios promocionales. Prácticas predatorias son aquellas que atentan contra la competencia, donde uno de los operadores disminuye sus precios con la finalidad de eliminar la competencia. Las aerolíneas se manejan en un mercado bastante particular, que no puede ser puesto bajo la lupa de parámetros generalizados. En el caso específico del mercado aeronáutico ecuatoriano, se analizará la Resolución del antiguo Ministerio de Industrias y Productividad (en adelante, MIPRO) MIPRO-COMP-002-2010 del 29 de junio de 2010, que resolvió que Aerolane Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A. (en adelante, LAN) no incurrió en una práctica predatoria al ingresar al mercado ecuatoriano. Por medio del análisis y la exposición de casos emblemáticos de precios predatorios en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y en la Unión Europea, se pondrá en conocimiento del lector los distintos tests y criterios de decisión para determinar la existencia o no de la práctica ilegal de competencia. El objetivo del artículo se centra en demostrar que los criterios utilizados en la Resolución del MIPRO fueron erróneos. La decisión que se tomó fue con base en un análisis limitado de lo que significa “participación de mercado”, que fue un factor determinante y equivocado para la toma de decisión final, configurando finalmente una suerte de abuso de derecho para el infractor.
Independencia de la acción de perjuicios frente al incumplimiento contractual
Authors: Wray Vinueza Mateo José
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo realiza un análisis sobre la posibilidad de demandar en forma autónoma la acción de perjuicios en el sistema contractual ecuatoriano. Este problema jurídico no tiene una salida legal clara, de modo que este estudio expone la situación del régimen jurídico y las diferentes posturas existentes sobre el tema. Para ello, el trabajo se estructura de la siguiente forma: en primer lugar, para comprender la relevancia del problema jurídico planteado, se explican los conceptos de condición resolutoria tácita, responsabilidad contractual e indemnización de perjuicios. En segundo lugar, se exponen las diferentes corrientes doctrinarias al respecto. Asimismo, se analiza la postura tradicional de la jurisprudencia ecuatoriana y la tendencia moderna adoptada por los jueces en Chile. Por último, con el objetivo de comprender la corriente internacional, se examina la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre Compraventa Internacional de Mercaderías.
La gradación de instrumentos internacionales, el pacta sunt servanda y pro homine como herramientas para la inclusión de normas de soft law en el bloque de constitucionalidad ecuatoriano
Authors: Barona Martínez Natalia , Tescaroli Espinosa Antonella
Published: March 2019

Las ramas de Derecho Internacional Público y Derecho Constitucional se encuentran en constante desarrollo y evolución, por lo que el significado de sus respectivas normas varía según la importancia que los Estados les den. Siendo así, la presente investigación se enfocará en explicar cómo se manifiesta aquella actitud estatal, así como qué implicaciones tiene para la adopción de instrumentos internacionales que tradicionalmente no han sido considerados como fuentes de obligaciones vinculantes para los Estados; a saber, las normas internacionales de soft law. Con el fin de poder profundizar sobre este tema, se comenzará por dar una explicación general de la noción de bloque de constitucionalidad en Ecuador, y del significado mismo de los instrumentos de soft law. Se continuará con el análisis de las distintas aplicaciones prácticas e influencia de las normas de soft law para el Derecho Constitucional ecuatoriano, en conexión a los principios pro homine y pacta sunt servanda. Finalmente, y a partir de todo lo mencionado, se expondrá la relevancia y exigibilidad de estas normas internacionales para el Estado ecuatoriano.
Relación jurídica entre la muerte presunta y la desaparición forzada según el Código Civil
Authors: Friend Macías Robert , Naveda Vera María Cristina
Published: March 2019

La presente investigación analiza la relación entre la muerte presunta y la desaparición forzada de personas mediante el estudio del antecedente histórico, características, efectos y procedimientos de estas instituciones jurídicas. Además, se analizarán el caso Restrepo y el caso Fybeca desde la perspectiva de la muerte presunta para demostrar que los informes adoptados por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos que declaran el derecho a indemnización económica a las familias de las víctimas objeto de desapariciones forzadas, no implican la declaratoria de muerte presunta en el ámbito civil. Finalmente, se analizará la situación presentada en las últimas elecciones efectuadas en Ecuador respecto de los hermanos Restrepo y su inclusión en el padrón electoral.
Credit Success Rates of Certified Green Buildings in Turkey
Authors: TOĞAN Vedat , THOMOLLARI Xhensila
Published: March 2019

The green building rating systems have been used as a tool to evaluate the environmental impact of buildings since 1990. In Turkey, LEED is in the first place concerning the total number of certified green buildings and then followed by BREEAM and DBGN. This paper aims to give general information concerning the 287 certified green buildings, and further investigate an updated situation of credit success rates of 127 LEED new construction certified green buildings in Turkey. The results of the study show that the certified green buildings in Turkey have a lower average percentage of credit success rates in indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency and material and resources categories compared with the other groups.
Educação profissional de pessoas com deficiência no Brasil: marcos legais e reflexões ético-políticas
Authors: Angelucci Carla Biancha , Carvalho de Oliveira Fábia
Published: March 2019

A participação da pessoa com deficiência no mundo do trabalho constitui um campo de complexidades e desafios que compreende o estudo do mundo do trabalho na contemporaneidade e da educação e seus princípios, como a perspectiva inclusiva. Este ensaio se propõe a constituir um panorama da Educação Profissional destinada a pessoas com deficiência no Brasil, a partir de seus marcos legais. Ainda que a legislação brasileira garanta, há quase duas décadas, vagas para as pessoas com deficiência em empresas e que exista uma consequente demanda por esses trabalhadores/as, percebe-se a ausência dessa população nos espaços que oferecem educação profissional de nível técnico e também no mundo do trabalho. É possível afirmar que não há, no campo das políticas educacionais, programas interligados entre a educação especial e a educação profissional que fomentem a formação e o acesso das pessoas com deficiência para/ao o mundo do trabalho. E que há, portanto, um processo de invisibilização dessa parcela da população brasileira, que, alijada desses espaços, não encontra os meios de ter efetivado o seu direito à educação, tampouco a oportunidade de constituir-se pelo e para o trabalho.
As contribuições da Educação Física na formação intercultural de professores indígenas na UFG
Authors: Da Silva Tiago Onofre , De Marchi Francisco Luiz , Sousa Wilson Luiz Lino de
Published: March 2019

No presente artigo pretende-se relatar uma experiência com o processo de formação de professores indígenas, no âmbito da educação física, realizado na Faculdade de Educação Física em janeiro de 2009. A formação de professores indígenas – Licenciatura Intercultural – é organizada pela Faculdade de Letras da UFG, tendo por objetivo a formação de professores para atuarem no ensino fundamental e médio das escolas indígenas. Dentre os conteúdos tratados no currículo do referido curso se encontra o tema contextual esporte e lazer, parte integrante da matriz de formação básica do professor.  O texto ora apresentado se refere aos processos formativos do professor indígena, no que tange às trocas interculturais de conhecimentos acerca das manifestações da cultura corporal, em especial no esporte e lazer, tendo como metodologia norteadora do processo a pedagogia histórico-crítica.
Internacionalização da educação superior e redes de acreditação na América Latina: teias do pensar democrático
Authors: Santos Margareth Guerra dos
Published: March 2019

A temática relativa às redes de agências de acreditação e avaliação da qualidade da educação superior surge no contexto da internacionalização e do movimento de integração entre os países. Esse contexto tem fomentado o estabelecimento de relações de cooperação e troca de informações sobre avaliação das universidades na América Latina, por meio dessas redes. Compreender perspectivas democráticas construídas no interior dessas redes e as relações que dentro delas se tecem, privilegiando possíveis tramas de resistência a modelos de avaliação da educação superior de características hegemônicas no subcontinente, é o objetivo deste texto, que, por sua vez, se vale de pesquisa cujas opções metodológicas incluíram a seleção de duas redes, Riaces e Rana, a escolha intencional de sujeitos de pesquisa dentre seus gestores e especialistas e a técnica de coleta de dados de produção de narrativas.
Integração latino-americana para a educação infantil: em foco as políticas intersetoriais recomendadas pela Unesco
Authors: Bortot Camila Maria , Lara Ângela Mara de Barros
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo foi examinar as orientações propaladas pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura nos relatórios Participación de Las Familias en La Educación Infantil Latinoamericana e Síntesis Regional de Indicadores de La Primera Infancia, ambos datados em 2004. Ilustrado por meio de Mapas Conceituais, os documentos evidenciam ‘boas práticas’ de programas de países da América Latina, e, orientam que a educação na primeira infância é uma oportunidade para se assegurar melhores resultados na educação posterior, tendo em vista que uma experiência educativa bem-sucedida nos primeiros anos ocasiona importantes benefícios sociais, educativos e econômicos no futuro. Tais orientações assinalam a uma Agenda Regionalmente Estruturada para a etapa analisada, por meio de ações intersetoriais entre educação-saúde das crianças e de suas famílias. Conclui-se que a ênfase em práticas intersetoriais se figuram como um dos antídotos para o alívio e gestão da pobreza, bem como a manutenção do capital humano futuro, para prefigurar, tendencialmente, na dinâmica geopolítica que envolvem as políticas para a educação infantil na América Latina.
Educación e interculturalidad: perspectivas teóricas y practicas en América Latina
Authors: Jardim Raoni Machado , Ramos Máncel Martínez
Published: March 2019

¿Cuáles son los sentidos de la interculturalidad? ¿Cómo se ha utilizado este concepto en el campo educativo? ¿Cuáles perspectivas teóricas y prácticas se vienen desarrollando a partir de él? ¿Por qué se ubica como un paradigma para la formulación de políticas públicas, educativas y de investigación? ¿Por qué es importante para la lucha por el reconocimiento de epistemes subalertinazadas? ¿Cuáles son sus riesgos, conquistas y desafíos? La interculturalidad despierta muchas preguntas. En este artículo se abordan algunas de ellas con el interés de colaborar con el debate sobre la interculturalidad en la docencia, la investigación y la producción de conocimiento en Latinoamérica. Se problematiza la posición “de dominador-dominado” que los docentes de la región asumen o rechazan dentro de la actual estructura de producción de conocimiento, fuertemente condicionada por actores neoliberales. El pensamiento decolonial se ubica como un campo importante para la aplicación de eses análisis o simplemente para analizar la perpetuación, la reacomodación o el rompimiento con las herencias coloniales rumbo a una universidad más abierta y representativa de las comunidades y epistemes latinoamericanas, incluyendo los conocimientos de las comunidades tradicionales. Los sentidos de la interculturalidad ganan correspondencia con el “grado” del llamado giro epistémico dentro de las propuestas de diferentes pensadores de este tema, que es crucial para la transformación de realidades.
关于加强石油化工建设工程项目管理的几点思考
Authors: 昌生 尹
Published: March 2019

石油化工行业是我国重要的能源支柱产业，石油化工项目建设管理对于合理利用以及开发石油资源具有非常重要的意义。石油化工工程与其他的建筑工程相比有很大区别，对项目管理的要求较高，过程更为复杂且投入巨大。由于石油化工工程安全和质量、成本以及进度之间的联系是非常密切的，假如对石油化工工程项目管理不当，就会给投资方造成巨大的损失。本文针对加强石油化工工程项目管理展开研究和分析。
石油化工工程项目建设的质量控制及安全管理
Authors: 燕 孟
Published: March 2019

今天，随着中国经济的高速发展，石化工程项目的安全管理已成为关注的焦点。主要是因为这个问题在很大程度上影响了公司的利益，同时和员工的人身安全也与此息息相关。文章研究了我国在该领域的安全管理现状，研究存在的问题和成因，并提出了制定石化工程项目安全管理计划的建议。
石油企业采油成本分析及改进建议
Authors: 维武 高
Published: March 2019

在我国现代化社会经济不断发展的过程中，石油企业的发展起着至关重要的作用。在石油企业经营的过程中，不可替代的一项内容就是成本管理以及有效的控制。在我国现代化石油企业发展的过程中，通过成本的预算、结算以及核算等相关环节的控制和处理，这就在一定程度上对石油企业的经营成本进行了有效的管理和控制。
+(-)catechin raises body temperature, changes blood parameters, improves oocyte quality and reproductive performance of female mice
Authors: Mohammed A.A. , Al-Hozab A.A.
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed to explore changes in physiological and reproductive performances upon supplementation of +(-) cactechin (200 vs. 2000 mg/kg BW) in mice. In addition, body temperature, heart rate, blood oxygen and glucose were explored after general anesthesia of +(-)cactechin animals. Sixty albino female mice were classified into three groups; control group (G1) versus two +(-) cactechin groups [G2 (200 mg/kg BW) and G3 (2000 mg/kg BW)] for 15 days in aqueous solution. Changes of body temperature, heart rate, blood parameters, oocyte quality and reproductive performances were determined and recorded. In addition, changes of body temperature, heart rate, blood oxygen and glucose were measured after anesthesia. The results indicated that +(-)catechin supplementation resulted in significant increase in body temperature, blood oxygen and WBCs in addition to significant hypoglycemia. The oocytes quality and reproductive performances were improved upon +(-)catechin supplementation. +(-)catechin supplementation did not improve the negative side effects of anesthesia. In conclusion, supplementation of +(-)catechin could benefit physiological and reproductive performances in mice.
Evaluation of urdbean (Vigna mungo) genotypes for mungbean yellow mosaic virus resistance through phenotypic reaction and genotypic analysis
Authors: Tamilzharasi M. , Vanniarajan C. , Karthikeyan A. , Souframanien J. , Pillai M.Arumugam , Meenakshisundram P.
Published: March 2019

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is a whitefly-transmitted major destructive virus affecting urdbean productivity in India. The objective of this research was to identify urdbean genotypes resistant against MYMV based on the phenotypic reaction and genotypic analysis. A total 48 urdbean genotypes were evaluated for resistance to MYMV by visual scoring of symptoms in the field under natural conditions. Disease severity was assessed using 0-9 rating scale, according to the mean disease score, the urdbean genotypes were categorized into five groups resistant (R, 14 genotypes), moderately resistant (MR, 4 genotypes), moderately susceptible (MS, 10 genotypes), susceptible (S, 18 genotypes) and highly susceptible (HS, 2 genotypes). These results were confirmed through genotyping based on MYMV-resistance tagged molecular markers CEDG180, ISSR8111357 and YMV1 FR. In addition, biochemical analysis was carried out in the genotypes of each category (R-HS). Results showed that MYMV resistance was significantly and positively correlated with the phytic acid and total phenol contents, whereas negative correlation was observed with total sugars in susceptible genotypes. The new identified genotypes (resistant sources) can be utilized in the urdbean breeding programme for improving resistance to MYMV.
Effect of seed coating on germination of Ciliate Medick [Medicago ciliaris (L.) All.] and Snail Medick [Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.]
Authors: KIR B.
Published: March 2019

A study was conducted in the Seed Technology Laboratory of Department of Field Crops, Pasture and Forage Crops Section, Faculty of Agriculture of Ege University, Turkey. Aim of the study was to remove the seed coat hardness by various treatments of Ciliate and Snail Medick to enhance germination which is significant in terms of agronomical handicaps of sowing small seeded legumes under field conditions. Pre-sowing seed treatments (Control, scarification by sandpaper, acid treatment with 95.0-98.0% H2SO4 for 5-10-15 minutes and soaking in water for 24-48 hours) were practiced on these small seeded legumes. All observations and tests were conducted following ISTA regulations and notifications. Germination of tested seeds highly increased by acid treatment for 10-15 minutes duration, while scarification treatment provided favorable germination rates.
¿Surgimiento de órdenes jurídicos sin normas independientes? El caso de las secesiones acordadas = Can Legal Orders Emerge Without Independent Norms? The Case of the Consensual Secession
Authors: Baquerizo Minuche Jorge
Published: March 2019

Resumen: Según algunas elaboraciones conceptuales muy conocidas dentro de la teoría del derecho, todo orden jurídico se origina a través de la producción de normas «independientes», esto es, normas que carecen de algún fundamento de validez identificable en normas jurídicas. No obstante, hay autores que consideran que lo anterior no constituye condición necesaria ni suficiente para el surgimiento de un nuevo orden jurídico: en los casos de secesión acordada, por ejemplo, un nuevo orden jurídico estatal emergería sin necesidad de que se hayan dictado normas no autorizadas jurídicamente. En el presente trabajo analizaré y criticaré esta última idea y concluiré que, incluso ante la posibilidad de una exitosa secesión acordada, de ello no se sigue, per se, la existencia de un nuevo orden jurídico (lo que sólo puede ocurrir bajo una condición necesaria: producir normas «independientes»).Palabras clave: Orden jurídico, orden estatal, normas independientes, poder constituyente, secesión.Abstract: According to some well-known conceptual elaborations within the theory of law, every legal order emerges through the production of «independent» norms, i.e., norms that lack any identifiable basis of validity in legal norms. However, some authors consider that this is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the emergence of a new legal order: in cases of consensual secession, for instance, a new legal order would emerge without unauthorized norms. In this paper I will analyze and criticize this last idea and conclude that, even with the possibility of a successful consensual secession, the existence of a new legal order does not follow per se. This can only occur under a necessary condition: to produce «independent» norms.Keywords: Legal order, state order, independent norms, constituent power, secession.
Esclavitud negra y procesos de racialización en el Atlántico Colonial Ibérico: Perspectivas confrontadas = Black Slavery and Racialization Processes in the Iberian Colonial Atlantic: Conflicting Perspectives
Authors: Jiménez González Aitor
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El racismo como ideología ordenadora y jerarquizadora de la realidad social se configuró en torno a normas y leyes. Fue enunciado en términos legales y jurídicos. Este desarrollo jurídico legal tuvo su máximo exponente en los territorios conquistados y sometidos a régimen de gobierno colonial por parte de las naciones europeas. A pesar de que este desarrollo fue especialmente marcado en las regiones americanas colonizadas por España y Portugal no existe un cuerpo doctrinario latinoamericano consolidado que haya analizado el fenómeno del Derecho y el racismo. Con este artículo proponemos un análisis de la literatura existente en torno a la esclavitud africana y las diferencias sustanciales que existen entre las perspectivas hispanas y anglosajonas que abordan esta cuestión. Exponemos así mismo la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones que desde una perspectiva no anglocentrada nos permita comprender el fenómeno del racismo en el Derecho colonial de raíz hispana. Consideramos que el análisis de los procesos de racialización de la región desde una epistemología situada podría ayudar a comprender los fenómenos de racialización que suceden en la actualidad.Palabras clave: Derecho, racismo, esclavitud negra, racialización, tecnologías de poder, blanquitud, manumisión, colonialismo, gubernamentalidad, historia atlántica.Abstract: Racism, as a hierarchizing and ordering ideology of   the social reality arose as a part of the legal order. Norms and rules were its constituent body. Territories submitted to colonial governance of European nations were its experimentations camps. Despite of the importance of racialized legal orders in colonial Latin-America, the region lacks of its own coherent body of socio-legal studies looking at the colonial racial relations. In this paper I will scrutinize relevant contributions in Law and Race looking at racial relations in colonial Latin America, specifically those related with black slavery. I aim to expose the substantial difference between Latin-American and Anglo-Saxon perspectives. My intention with that is to remark the necessity of developing a non anglocentered analytical perspective of the Iberian colonial world. This will give academics the possibility, not only of understanding Latin-American racial history but also of apprehending the nature of the current racialization processes.Keywords: Law, racism, slavery, black slavery, racialization, technologies of power, whiteness, manumission, colonialism, governmentality, Atlantic history.
Voluntarismo heurístico e historicidad en los estudios de género: un debate epistémico = Heuristic Voluntarism and Historicity in Gender Studies: An Epistemic Debate
Authors: Villarreal Julio Francisco
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El presente trabajo provee a indagar respecto a las condiciones metodológicas y epistémicas que limitan la praxis heurística de todo aquel que se vea llamado a indagar sobre los estudios de género. Se sugiere aquí que en tanto el investigador social pretenda cuestionar los límites valorativos, axiológicos y gnoseológicos sobre los cuales se instituye la tradición de los estudios de género, tal investigador deberá poder renunciar, al menos iniciáticamente, a toda pretensión de cientificismo para su obra (a tal fin se apelará, cual ejemplo paradigmático, a la noción de la “performatividad de los cuerpos” de Butler). En tal sentido, se sugerirá que, a fin de cuentas, el costo de oportunidad teórico relativo a  tal cuestionamiento puede ser exorbitantemente alto en tanto el mismo suponga coartar la libertad heurística del investigador de referencia. A lo largo de este ensayo, el autor no apelará a bibliografía filiada en el corpus teórico de los estudios de género, sino a contribuciones de la epistemología y la sociología del conocimiento. Por otro lado, tampoco se proveerá aquí a debatir sobre los derechos de aquellos grupos a cuyo análisis se abocan los estudios de género sino, por el contrario, a consideraciones epistemológicas relativas en tal disciplina.Palabras clave: Epistemología de los estudios de género, sociología del conocimiento, performatividad de los cuerpos, voluntarismo de los estudios de género, historicidad de los estudios de género.Abstract: The present work is intended to investigate the methodological and epistemic conditions that may constrain the heuristic realms of anyone who is devoted to the gender studies. It is suggested here that as long as the social researcher intends to question the values, mindset and gnoseological constructs on which the tradition of gender studies is instituted, such a researcher should be able to renounce, at least initially, to any claim of scientism to his work (to such an end, the author will appeal, as a paradigmatic example, to the notion of the "performativity of the bodies" of Butler). In such a sense, it will be suggested that, in the end, the theoretical cost of opportunity related to the abovementioned inquiry can be exorbitantly considerable as long as it supposes restricting the heuristic freedom of the researcher.  Throughout this essay, the author will not appeal to bibliography related to the theoretical corpus of gender studies, but to contributions from epistemology and sociology of knowledge. On the other hand, the current essay is not grounded to discuss the rights of those groups which the gender studies attention is focused on, but, on the contrary, it will provide to exert some relative epistemological considerations within such a discipline.Keywords: Epistemology of gender studies, sociology of knowledge, performativity of bodies, voluntarism of gender studies, historicity of gender studies.
Rafael Escudero y Sebastián Martín (eds.) (2018), Fraude o esperanza: 40 años de la Constitución
Authors: García Higuera Rubén
Published: March 2019

Este artículo reseña: Rafael Escudero y Sebastián Martín (eds.), Fraude o esperanza: 40 años de la Constitución  . Madrid, Akal, 2018, 272 pp
Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
Authors: Vieira Maria João , Guimarães Sandra Viegas , Costa Patrício , Silva Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Amblyopia requires a timely diagnosis and treatment to attain maximum vision recovery. Specialty literature is lacking on how early amblyopia is referred. We aimed to understand if there are mean age differences at first referral for ophthalmologic tertiary center consultation among non-amblyopic and different types of amblyopia, in a context of lack of population screening.Material and Methods: In this retrospective model, the sample corresponded to all children born in Braga Hospital during 1997 - 2012 (3 - 18 years-old), with an ophthalmologic consultation in 2014. Data was collected from the clinical records and children were divided in a non-amblyopic versus amblyopic group. The amblyopic group was subdivided in strabismic versus refractive (anisometropic/bilateral).Results: The sample had a total of 1665 participants, 1369 (82.2%) without amblyopia and 296 (17.8%) with amblyopia. Among amblyopia: 67.9% (n = 201) refractive, 32.1% (n = 95) strabismic. Within refractive amblyopia: 63.7% (n = 128) anisometropic and 36.3% (n = 73) bilateral. The mean age at first consultation was 6.24 ± 3.90 years-old: 6.39 ± 3.98 for non-amblyopic and 5.76 ± 3.58 for amblyopic. Among amblyopia subgroups, there were significant differences in mean age at first consultation (F3,1250 = 8.45; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.020). Strabismic and bilateral refractive amblyopia were referred earlier, when compared to non-amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia (p < 0.05). Anisometropic amblyopia had the highest first consultation mean age: 6.92 ± 3.57 years-old.Discussion: Without specific pre-school screening, children with amblyopia were referred to their first ophthalmologic evaluation significantly later than desired, especially anisometropic amblyopia, with a postschool mean age for first consultation.Conclusion: Recognizing high-risk children is essential for earlier referral and helps minimize future visual handicap.
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Seven-Year Experience of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Monteiro Nuno Ferreira , Peres Susana , Mansinho Kamal
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous organisms. Precise determination of infection numbers is difficult, since reporting them to public health departments is frequently not mandatory; furthermore, isolating a non-tuberculous mycobacteria does not necessarily translate into disease. The aims of this study were to ascertain non-tuberculous mycobacteria data of a tertiary hospital, determine the incidence and approach to colonization versus disease, and the incidence of predisposing comorbidities.Material and Methods: Retrospective study in a tertiary hospital, involving patients with positive cultural exam for non-tuberculous mycobacteria in any biological sample, from 2010 to 2017.Results: A total of 125 non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates was identified, corresponding to 96 patients. Of these, 57.4% were male (n = 54); median age was 65 years (interquartile range = [50 - 82]). From these, 60.7% (n = 57) had some degree of immunosuppression, most frequently due to malignant tumour (49.0%) or HIV infection (39.2%). It was found that 29 patients (31.0%) had structural respiratory tract changes. Colonization was defined in 65.6% of patients (n = 63). While 71.0% of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections were pulmonary, the remaining 29.0% presented as disseminated. According to available clinical records, 60.6% (n = 20) of the presumably infected patients fulfilled American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria for non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease.Discussion: Several cases of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection in this study presented as life-threatening, multi-systemic disease, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Other cases of presumed infection might instead have corresponded to colonization, possibly resulting in futile therapy.Conclusion: While there are diagnostic criteria for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections, no such guidelines exist to assess colonization. One of the most challenging aspects remains the correct differentiation between colonization and early-stage infection.
Anonimato, Acesso e Partilha de Informação na Doação de Gâmetas em Portugal: Como se Posicionam os Profissionais em Medicina da Reprodução?
Authors: Silva Susana , Samorinha Catarina , De Freitas Cláudia
Published: March 2019

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O Desafio de Tratar Idosos com Cancro
Authors: Luz Paulo
Published: March 2019

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Los Semilleros como espacios de investigación para el investigador novel
Authors: Numa-Sanjuan Nahín , Márquez Delgado Rodolfo Alfonso
Published: March 2019

Este artículo de carácter empírico e interpretativo tiene como objetivo ofrecer un aporte a la discusión de los Semilleros como espacios investigativos en la formación del investigador novel. Es producto de reflexiones realizadas por los autores sobre la temática y de las discusiones realizadas con jóvenes de pregrado y postgrado que aspiran ser investigadores en el campo de la educación. Se sustenta en un marco referencial relacionado con: a) la investigación como Proceso sistemático que se aprende y enseña y; b) Competencias en Investigación para la formación de los investigadores noveles. Parte del supuesto que investigar en el ámbito de las ciencias de la educación es complejo, sin embargo, ello las hace fértiles y un semillero para obtener competencias investigativas. Se concluye con la propuesta de tres acciones o caminos relacionados con la formación de investigadores nóveles: a) la institucionalización de los semilleros como espacios investigativos; b) la producción de artículos científicos y; c) la articulación de la investigación con el currículo. La expectativa de los autores es que estas reflexiones contribuyan a promover en las instituciones educativas espacios, como los Semilleros de investigación, que permitan que estas superen las brechas investigativas que actualmente existen en Latinoamérica y se consoliden como organizaciones que aprenden y gestionan el conocimiento.
Principais recomendações em cuidados pré-operatórios
Authors: Garcez Josiani Dos Santos , Sousa Liane Carvalho de Brito de , Novais Neta Maria Barreto , Maia Flávio Lobo , Araújo Fernanda Paula Cavalcante
Published: March 2019

Introdução: a avaliação pré-anestésica (APA) é uma prática imprescindível no cuidado perioperatório, por oferecer condições de planejamento do ato anestésico e cirúrgico, mantendo a segurança física e emocional do paciente. Objetivo: apresentar uma revisão das principais orientações pré-anestésicas disponíveis na literatura. Metodologia: trabalho de revisão bibliográfica realizada nos domínios PubMed, SciELO, British Journal of Anaesthesia (BJA), Aneshesiology e Current Opinion. Resultados: as principais recomendações abordam a estratificação do risco anestésico/cirúrgico, jejum pré-operatório, controle da ansiedade e dos hábitos sociais, além do manejo das drogas de uso contínuo, como as medicações de ação cardiovascular, hipoglicemiantes, antiplaquetários, anticoagulantes, drogas modificadoras de doença reumática, agentes biológicos e antidepressivos. Conclusão: a APA tem como finalidade estratificar o risco anestésico e otimizar condições clínicas desfavoráveis, além de propor medidas de cuidados pré-operatórios que ofereçam segurança ao paciente.
A telemedicina em foco
Authors: Feitosa Helvécio Neves
Published: March 2019

A Telemedicina, como um componente da Telessaúde, tem sido utilizada principalmente para suporte diagnóstico de forma remota, pela interpretação de exames e a emissão de laudos médicos à distância, mediante o apoio de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs). O Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) a conceituou inicialmente como o exercício da Medicina através da utilização de metodologias interativas de comunicação e audiovisual e de dados, com o objetivo de assistência, educação e pesquisa em saúde (Resolução CFM nº 1.642/2002).1 Em sua formulação mais recente, a mesma entidade a conceitua como o exercício da medicina mediado por tecnologias para fins de assistência, educação, pesquisa, prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde (Resolução CFM nº 2.227/2018).2 A Telessaúde, por sua vez, pode ser definida como a prestação de serviços de saúde à distância, através do uso de TICs, compreendendo um campo mais abrangente, que engloba serviços em tele-educação, redes de investigação e tele-epidemiologia, redes de administração e gestão em saúde. Há ainda o conceito de e-Saúde (ou saúde digital), como uma proposta da OMS para unificar informações sobre pacientes, como medicamentos, consultas e exames, integrando softwares e dispositivos por meio da tecnologia.  Para o Ministério da Saúde, o e-Saúde tem como objetivo aumentar a qualidade e ampliar o acesso à atenção à saúde, de forma a qualificar as equipes de saúde, agilizar o atendimento e melhorar o fluxo de informações para apoio à decisão em saúde, incluindo tanto a decisão clínica, de vigilância em saúde, de regulação e promoção da saúde, quanto à decisão de gestão.
Ansiedade cardíaca: uma análise em ambulatórios cardiológicos subespecializados
Authors: Maciel Patricia Helena Alves , Silva Ricardo Pereira , Sobrinho Carlos Roberto Martins Rodrigues , Sá Júnior Antônio Reis , Pontes Leticia Marinho , Santos Brena Ferreira dos
Published: March 2019

Objetivos: a condição clínica ansiedade cardíaca é o medo de sensações relacionadas ao coração por consequências negativas dos eventos cardíacos. O Questionário de Ansiedade Cardíaca (QAC) é uma ferramenta internacionalmente utilizada no rastreamento dessa ansiedade. Este artigo objetiva verificar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do instrumento QAC. Metodologia: o QAC foi aplicado em amostra de 239 pacientes distribuídos entre cinco ambulatórios de cardiologia (arritmia, hipertensão, miocardiopatia, doença coronariana e valvulopatia) para avaliação da confiabilidade e extração fatorial da amostra total e para a Análise Fatorial Multigrupo entre esses ambulatórios. Resultados: os resultados indicam que o QAC apresenta boa consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,79) e quando da realização da análise fatorial, o modelo com quatro fatores mostrou ser o mais adequado, com uma explicação de 54,9% da variância total no geral. A estrutura fatorial do QAC apresentou a mesma importância para o construto de ansiedade cardíaca, independente do ambulatório. Ao comparar as médias fatoriais entre os ambulatórios, houve diferenças significativas apenas no fator evitação. Conclusão: Os resultados comprovam a utilidade da escala QAC para uso no contexto ambulatorial brasileiro, sendo fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de rastreio da ansiedade cardíaca, bem como para propostas de intervenções baseadas nessas medidas.
Free Vibration of Axially Loaded Multi-Cracked Beams Using the Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Al Rjoub Yousef S. , Hamad Azhar G.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, an analytical method is developed to study the free vibration of multi-cracked, axially loaded beams
with differing boundary conditions, namely, hinged-hinged, clamped-clamped, clamped-hinged, and clamped-free.
The cracked beam system is modelled as a number of beam segments connected by massless rotational springs with
sectional flexibility. Each segment is assumed to obey the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The characteristic equation
of the cracked beam with differing boundary conditions, which is a function of the natural frequency, sizes and
location of the cracks, and the physical parameters of the beam, as well as the corresponding mode shapes, is
derived using a simple transfer matrix method. In this paper, a detailed parametric study is conducted to show the
effects of cracks and axial load on vibrational properties of the cracked beam. The results obtained in this study
agree well with analytical results available in the literature.
A Comprehensive Analytical Dynamic Model of a T-Beam
Authors: Hull Andrew J. , Perez Daniel , Cox Donald L.
Published: March 2019

This paper derives a comprehensive analytical dynamic model of a T-shaped beam that includes in-plane and outof-plane vibrations for mid-frequency range analysis, defined here as approximately 1 kHz to 10 kHz. The web,
right part of the flange, and left part of the flange of the T-beam are modelled independently with two-dimensional
elasticity equations for the in-plane motion and the classical flexural plate equation for the out-of-plane motion.
The differential equations are solved with unknown wave propagation coefficients multiplied by circular spatial
domain functions, which are inserted into equilibrium and continuity equations at the intersection of the web and
flange and into boundary conditions at the edges of the system resulting in 24 algebraic equations. These equations
are solved to yield the wave propagation coefficients and this produces a solution to the displacement field in all
three dimensions. An example problem is formulated and compared to solutions from Bickford beam theory and
finite element analysis. Higher order branch waves are discussed and a simplified symmetric model is presented.
Drilling of Sub-100 μm Hourglass-Shaped Holes in Diamond with Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Jeong Bosu , Lee Byunghak , Kim Jung-Hoon , Choi Jung-An , Yang Juhee , Sall Elena G. , Kim Jun Wan , Heo Duchang , Jang Jinah , Kim Youngtae , Kim Guang-Hoon
Published: March 2019

A Micro holes in a diamond are presented by using a homemade femtosecond (fs) Yb:KGW laser. An fs laser source was used emitting pulse duration of 230 fs at 1030 nm wavelength, whereas the spot size amounted to 8.9 μm. Parameters like pulse energy, and pulse number were varied over a wide range in order to evaluate their influence both on the micro hole geometry like hole diameter, circularity, taper angle, and on the drilling quality. Hourglass-shaped micro holes whose diameters decrease and increase again after a certain depth have important applications. The results demonstrate the feasibility of extending the drilling of an hourglass-shaped hole in a diamond sample, which has similar diameters at the hole entrance (92 μm) and exit (95 μm), but a much smaller diameter (28 μm) at a certain waist section inside the hole.
Team Approach: Emergencies in Patients with Skeletal Metastases
Authors: Levin Adam S. , Alcorn Sara R. , Neuman Brian J. , Meyer Christian F.
Published: March 2019

» Understanding the potential complexities and emergencies involved in the management of skeletal metastases, as well as the role of a carefully coordinated multidisciplinary care team to help to mitigate and manage these concerns, is essential in preventing potentially devastating complications when treating these patients.

» A standardized algorithm, including serum and urine laboratory analysis and advanced imaging studies, can help to confirm the diagnosis for patients who have an osseous lesion without a previously proven malignancy with skeletal metastases. The order and timing of the various studies are often dictated by the urgency of the patient’s clinical care.

» The optimal clinical management strategy may be dictated by the tumor’s responsiveness to radiation or systemic therapy options, as well as the patient’s functional needs and anticipated duration of survival. Early engagement and communication among all members of the clinical care team are critical to the efficient coordination of systemic therapy, radiation therapy, and orthopaedic surgical management of each patient with metastatic disease.

» Hypercalcemia of malignancy may present a medical emergency in patients with skeletal metastatic disease, and its prompt recognition and multidisciplinary treatment is critical to patient survival.

» Radiation therapy can provide excellent pain relief and may preclude the need for surgical intervention for many osseous metastases. However, for lesions treated with both radiation and a surgical procedure, wound-healing complications may ensue. Similarly, some systemic therapy modalities may impair wound-healing during the postoperative period. Thoughtful coordination and planning, along with continued communication, are key to the successful multidisciplinary management of these complex patients.
Social Media Use for Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Jildeh Toufic R. , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Guthrie S. Trent , Parsons Theodore W.
Published: March 2019

» There has been increasing use of social media in recent years by hospitals and health-care providers. Social media can provide an extension of the physician to an online presence and have potential practice-building implications.

» Online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat are widely used and provide convenient opportunities for marketing, patient education, generation of referrals, professional development, and other career opportunities. Also, professional networks provide physicians with opportunities for collaboration, potentially improving care.

» The benefits of social media use must be weighed against the potential risks, including potential liability, confidentiality breach, and risk to reputation.

» This article reviews the current state of social media use for the orthopaedic surgeon, with focus on utilization of an online surgeon-patient relationship, compliance with ethical obligations, professionalism, and reputation.
Relationship Between the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid–NNDMA Copolymer Properties and Fluid Loss and Mixability in Cementing Fluids
Authors: Pearl William , Lewis Samuel , Singh John
Published: March 2019

Five different variants of the acrylamidotertiary-butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) / N,N-dimethylacrylamide (NNDMA) copolymer were examined and evaluated, comparing their mixability and fluid-loss performance. These were characterized using gel permeation chromatography equipped with multi-angle laser light scattering (GPC-MALLS) and viscometry to evaluate the effects of number average molecular weight (Mn), radius of gyration (Rg), dispersity (Đ), and viscosity values in water and cement.

It was determined that there was an optimum Đ value at which the mixability performance of the cement slurry formulated with the fluid loss copolymer was achieved. Additionally, it was determined that an increase in Đ improved fluid loss performance for a given Mn and Rg. More interestingly, an increase in Rg at fixed Mn and Đ decreases fluid-loss performance, which is counterintuitive to the particle bridging mechanism.

A quantitative relationship between the copolymer characteristics and its fluid-loss performance was determined. Understanding the relationship between structure and function of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-NNDMA copolymers in a cement slurry is the first step toward designing fluid-loss additives with targeted properties.
Comparison of intubating conditions after induction with propofol combined with remifentanil or sufentanil in surgical tooth extraction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dolsan Adeline , Bruneteau Laura , Roche Christine , Ferré Fabrice , Labaste François , Sommet Agnès , Conil Jean-Marie , Minville Vincent
Published: March 2019

Background The aim of this study was to compare tracheal intubation conditions after anesthetic induction bolus of propofol-sufentanil or propofol-remifentanil. Methods A total of 70 patients, ASA I-II undergoing ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia with intubation for tooth extraction were randomly assigned in this double-blind study. They received either remifentanil (3 μg/kg) or sufentanil (0,3 μg/kg) associated with 2,5 mg/kg of propofol for intubation. Intubating conditions score were compared using the Scandinavian scale. The primary outcome was the comparison of the percentage of excellent intubation conditions. The secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients with a decrease of over 20% in MAP or HR, time to have a spontaneous respiration, time between the end of the surgery and extubation, time to obtain an Aldrete score of 10. The percentage of patients having a pain score>3 or having laryngeal pain 15 minutes after arriving in PACU were also analyzed. Discussion Compared with the sufentanil group, intubating conditions were significantly better in the remifentanil group (51.4% vs. 20%; p=0.0064). When using remifentanil, the hemodynamic conditions were good. Using remifentanil did not increase significantly the pain score or the laryngeal pain in recovery room. This is confirmed by the fact that morphine consumption was not significantly different in the two groups. Injecting remifentanil decreased significantly the time to obtain an Aldrete score of 10. When intubating without muscle relaxants is required, intubating conditions are widely better when remifentanil is used in comparison with sufentanil. Study registration This study was approved by the research ethics board (protocol number 09.001.03, favorable opinion of the CPP Sud-Ouest et Outre-Mer 1 dated January 19, 2011) and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01533662).