bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA extraction protocol for DNA-metabarcoding of marine phytoplankton using Zymobiomics DNA minprep kit (Zymo Research; D4300) v1
Authors: Agneta Andersson , Karlson Bengt , F. Anders Andersson , Brugel Sonia , Meike Latz , Jenny Lycken , Hedblom Mikael , Torstensson Anders , Lindh Markus
Published: February 2022

The DNA extraction protocol described in this document follows the standard protocol provided with the Zymobiomics DNA miniprep kit (https://files.zymoresearch.com/protocols/_d4300t_d4300_d4304_zymobiomics_dna_miniprep_kit.pdf) with a few modifications. The protocol is part of the project "DNA-metabarcoding of marine phytoplankton" funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management. Phytoplankton play a key role in global biogeochemical cycles and form the basis of marine food webs. Quantitative assessment of the abundance and biodiversity of phytoplankton is therefore a natural component of environmental monitoring programs. Until now such monitoring has largely been based on microscopic counting. This is a time consuming process and requires personnel with high skill for identifying the organisms, and the smallest cells can hardly be identified with this method. There is hence an urge for faster, more precise and reproducible ways of quantifying plankton species in environmental samples. High-throughput sequencing of taxonomic marker genes (metabarcoding) has emerged as a popular alternative for studying plankton diversity. However, also this method has its limitations, and in order to be robustly implemented in monitoring programs, protocols need to be optimised and validated. The main goal of the project is to evaluate high-throughput sequencing as a tool to investigate the diversity of phytoplankon in the seas surrounding Sweden, with special focus on non-indigenous species and harmful algae. Specifically we want to test effects of storage of samples, sample volume, replication and background DNA in the water (“eDNA”), develop and evaluate an improved method for identifying phytoplankton based on sequencing a longer region of the rRNA operon and compare results from metabarcoding with results from microscope-based methods. The tests will be conducted on water samples collected as part of the Swedish National Marine Monitoring programme. This will provide a large data set covering all major sea areas surrounding Sweden and allow us to compare the metabarcoding results with taxonomic identifications obtained using microscopy as part of the monitoring programme. This collaborative project will be conducted by a team of researchers with complementary expertise in plankton ecology, marine monitoring, molecular biology and bioinformatics.
Transition to Circular Economy and Management of Public Services of General Economic Interest
Authors: Antoniazzi Sandra
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to clarify the topic of the transition to circular economy, an expression of the European “Green New Deal”, which has several application consequences for the SGEI sector. Approach: The approach consists of examining the European policy framework, the most relevant consequences of the transposition of the 2018 waste directives for the domestic system, the new measures for local authorities and users, and the new “purpose” of the utilities industries based on sharing and environmentally friendly solutions. Findings: The study highlights the need for several practical adjustments in the implementation of circular economy: the necessary technological innovation requirements for industrial production, reforms of the national legal framework, and an inevitable wider cultural evolution. Publications concerning the transition to circular economy in relation to public services of the general economic interest sector are not numerous in law literature. Most of the existing documents and communications are provided by the European Commission and the analyses are based mainly on the guidelines of the new green policy and the specific EU legal framework. Academic contribution to the field and originality/significance/value: The paper adds to existing research focusing mainly on legal studies of the wider consequences for national utility policy and companies’ business plans, the role of local public authorities having direct powers that need reforms, and the position of consumers.
The Financial Aspect of Non_Governmental Organizations:
Authors: Stanimirović Tatjana
Published: February 2022

Aim: Non-governmental organizations as part of the third sector have become an important factor in the public life of modern countries. This emerging wave can be noticed especially in the South-East Europe in the transition period. In this context, the aim of the paper is to analyse the financial aspect of the NGOs' business model, exposing cumulative data for the last 11 years in Slovenia.Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the financial data obtained, the paper reveals the structure of financial resources of Slovenian NGOs, delving into total amounts, as well as trends of changes for specific resources.  Using descriptive methodology, it focuses mainly on dissection of resources provided from public finance.Findings: The results show that in 2019 NGOs in Slovenia achieved almost 1 billion euro of total revenues, after they were increasing rapidly in the hole observed period (2009-2019). As far as resources obtained from public finances are concerned, the amount is higher at governmental level provided by ministries then at the local level received from municipalities, what has not been the case before year 2019. Practical implications:  The challenge for further research is the in-depth study of Slovenian NGOs’ financial strategy focusing on the challenge of bidirectional financing as well as analysis of public services provided by NGOs at the moment compared to services needed in the future.Originality/value: The paper is the pioneer attempt among scientific papers to analyse the financing of NGOs in Slovenia.
Reconstruction of capital construction objects on the example of the Penza region
Authors: Koroleva Marina E. , Tyuklenkova Elena P.
Published: February 2022

Consider the concepts of reconstruction and renovation on the example of the Penza region. Solving problems in the example of reconstruction and renovation. Improvement of capital construction projects not only from the point of view of aesthetics, but also from the point of view of the safety of residents and protection from the destruction of buildings and structures. Development of territories, their enrichment and gradual improvement of the quality of housing in the city of Penza.
Characteristics of open public spaces and examples of car storage in the conditions of the historical center of the city
Authors: Veretennikov Dmitrii B.
Published: February 2022

The article considers theoretical approaches to the study of open public spaces by foreign and domestic authors. The main focus is on public spaces in the structure of the citys transport and communication framework. The importance of such spaces for the organization of pedestrian traffic is emphasized. The definition and urban planning features of open public spaces are formulated. The factors that determine the need to improve methods of storing light vehicles in historical parts of cities in the immediate vicinity of pedestrian zones are considered. The examples of the most interesting from an architectural and technical point of view of projects of urban underground parking in recent years are given.
To the calculation of the apparatus of water-evaporative air cooling
Authors: Nadeev Aleksandr A. , Barakov Aleksandr V. , Prutskikh Dmitry A.
Published: February 2022

The use of evaporative cooling in ventilation and air conditioning systems can significantly reduce energy consumption during their operation. The paper describes the design and principle of operation of water-evaporative air cooling apparatus, in which a fluidized bed of dispersed material is used as a packing, which is continuously circulating in the working chamber. A test sample of an air cooler is described, the parameters of its packing are given. The technique of its experimental research and the used measuring instruments are presented. The criterion ratios for the efficiency factor of the air cooler, the hydraulic resistance of the working chamber and the interfacial heat transfer coefficient are given.
Features of calculation and design of the installation for testing the load of reinforced concrete wall ring
Authors: Ilyin Nikolay A. , Mordovsky Sergey S.
Published: February 2022

The article presents a constructive solution for the installation for testing the loading of a reinforced concrete wall ring of an inspection well, which belongs to the field of construction, in particular, to the design of testing equipment to establish the strength of materials and structures. Formulas are proposed by which it is possible to determine the strength of the wall ring (the maximum force of the load jack on the power frame of the test installation), the diameter of the tie, the width of the wooden block, and select the cross-section of the composite beam. Several calculation examples are considered. The given design of the test setup helps to reduce the consumption of materials and simplify the design in comparison with the known analogs.
POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE INTEGRAL À POPULAÇÃO LGBT: CONHECIMENTOS DE DISCENTES DA ÁREA DA SAÚDE
Authors: Ravadelli Nathália , De Souza Janaina Samantha Martins
Published: February 2022

Os movimentos sociais, liderados por grupos lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT’s), foram, dentre outros, os principais motivadores para a criação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral (PNSI) de LGBT’s. Mesmo com a melhora dos serviços, ainda há barreiras devido a um padrão de sociedade heteronormativa. Os desafios consistem na discriminação e falta de conhecimento por parte dos profissionais da saúde que carecem de preparo e conduta apropriada, o que culmina em atraso no direito à saúde dessa população. Tomando como base esta constatação, este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar o conhecimento dos discentes da área da saúde sobre a PNSI de LGBT’s, e se eles estão aptos para atuar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva/exploratória de caráter quantitativo, realizada com discentes da área da saúde do município de Caxias do Sul/RS por meio virtual. Foram entrevistados 70 discentes da saúde, através de um questionário semiestruturado. Sobre o informações acerca PNSI de LGBT, 57% referiram não obter conhecimento sobre a Política, enquanto 43% responderam que detinham algum tipo de referência. Quando questionados se alguma disciplina abordou a Política, 71% afirmaram que não foi apresentada em sala de aula, contrapondo-se a 29% dos discentes que responderam sim. Ressalta-se, de um modo geral, que a maioria dos entrevistados não têm embasamento teórico para atuar na prática com este determinado público e suas especificidades, portanto, é notório que o sistema institucional de educação preveja em grade curricular o estudo de políticas de minorias, permitindo que o discente detenha conhecimento teórico e saiba atuar na prática prestando um atendimento eficaz e humanizado.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO DE PROFISSIONAIS EM UMA UNIDADE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: De Andrade Felipe Muniz , Soares Gabriella Barreto
Published: February 2022

O debate sobre Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) é importante, pois envolve dimensões intelectuais e desenvolvimento de diferentes técnicas e competências para o manejo da saúde individual, da família e da comunidade, cursando assim com maior carga física e mental para os profissionais de saúde. Com isso, o objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a QVT de trabalhadores de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, com aplicação de formulário sociodemográfico e questionário QWLQ-bref na USF Integrando Vidas, Distrito Sanitário II, em fevereiro de 2021. De 60 profissionais, obteve-se índice 64,86, considerado satisfatório pela escala de classificação do QWLQ-bref. A única variável que diferiu da classificação total foi a categoria profissional de técnico de enfermagem ou laboratório, com índice 47,11, considerado neutro (nem boa, nem ruim). O nível satisfatório de QVT pode ser relacionado às características da USF, como possuir equipes de Saúde da Família completas, com atuação de programas de residência multiprofissional e médica. No entanto, existem fatores que poderiam ser melhorados como o índice do domínio profissional menor que os demais, bem como a classificação inferior da categoria de técnicos, destacando a falta de insumos, problemas de infraestrutura, falta de formação continuada e reuniões de equipe. A QVT dos trabalhadores de saúde da USF Integrando Vidas foi considerada satisfatória, com o domínio pessoal com maior escore e o profissional com o menor.
Formation of the ideological worldview in the Ukrainian lexicography of the Soviet era
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Renchka I. Ye.
Published: February 2022

Language in totalitarian states of the XX century was a part of a powerful ideological mechanism, a means of formation of a mindset stereotype with definite evaluative attitudes and judgments. In the Soviet political context, the language was considered as an important tool for establishing the leading ideology, materialistic worldview, and socialist culture. The dissemination of ideological constructs took place through the official press, radio and television. They were constantly repeated in political speeches, textbooks and scientific works. The influence of totalitarianism also affected linguistics and its practical part – lexicography. The goal of the article is to highlight the techniques of ideological manipulations used in the lexicographic practice of the Soviet period in order to strengthen communist ideology and create an ideological view of the world. The study is based on the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in 11 volumes (1970–1980). The article clarifies that the introduction of ideological and evaluative component into the semantic structure of words belonging to different topical groups, including the names of political sphere, scientific directions, philosophical, moral and ethical concepts, names of time intervals etc., the explanation of their meaning by using newspeak set phrases, led to the formation of a biased worldview and system of the ideological values of a Soviet man. It is found out that lexicographic methods of the ideologization of words are the use of positive evaluative or negative evaluative attributive phrases in dictionary articles, creation of antonymous contexts, transformation of meanings and change of lexical compatibility of words, use of politicized illustrative material. In this way, the dictionaries contained premises and myths of the totalitarian era, which contributed to their dissemination and introduction into the public consciousness, the formation of an evaluative worldview according to the guidelines of the political system.
DIGITAL MULTIMODALITY OF MUSEUMS DISCOURSE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Belova Alla
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 pandemic triggered radical changes and transformations in modern world, business, professional fields, communication including. In the wake of lockdowns and quarantines museums had taken a hit too. Museums had to remain accessible and visible, at least in the digital domain, therefore they had to shift to virtual realm, to offer digital services, to increase their activity in social media. Museums faced a number of challenges like dealing with global digital audience, cognitive modelling of the online content and online user. Their efficiency in the digital domain was different, so museums evidenced 10 – 200% increase of online visits and growth of global digital audience. Due to implementation of digital technologies small local museums made a breakthrough to multimodal domain and received international recognition. In pre-pandemic world, museums had been working on their virtual environment, opened virtual-real museums and extended multimodality of exhibitions, making visitors impressions multisensory. During the pandemic virtual exhibitions, virtual tours, films, education material have become more multimodal and interactive. In films and virtual tours the focus was on stories not on 3D image of the exhibits and a standard 360 tour only. They experimented with modes and conquered new media, used multimodal storytelling. Museums tried to create a sense of presence and place and to relocate online visitors from their homes to museums. To encourage children, museums implemented gamification and edutainment strategies, created virtual games. Museums started a new trend – collecting online (collecting COVID-19, BLM), creating Big Data and digital collections which might be used for multi-vector multidisciplinary research. Digital multimodality might become an indispensable component of museum online landscape in the post-pandemic world.
Ritz values and the free joint numerical radius
Authors:   , Dela Rosa Paul Reine Kennett , Woerdeman Hugo J.
Published: February 2022

Let A [is an element of] C^[n [times] n] be normal. For a given z in the numerical range of A, consider the set B_[A,k](z) of k [times] k matrices W for which [matrix [z * / 0 W]] is a compression of A. Elements of B_[A,1](z) are the Ritz values associated to z. If no eigenvalues of A are in the interior of its numerical range, we identify the smallest convex region containing B_[A,1](z). If no three eigenvalues of A lie on the same line, we also prove that for any compact subset K of the numerical range of A that avoids the eigenvalues, the mappings z [maps to] B_[A,k](z) and z [maps to] [sigma](B_[A,k](z)) are uniformly continuous on K. The free joint numerical radius w(X₁, ... , X_m) of Hilbert space operators X₁, ... , X_m [is an element of] B(H) is w(X₁, ... , X_m) = sup{w(X₁ [o times] U₁ + ... + X_m [o times] U_m)}, where the supremum is taken over every Hilbert space K, every choice of m unitaries U₁, ... , U_m [is an element of] B(K), and the tensor product is spatial. The free joint numerical radius coincides with the classical numerical radius when there is only one operator (m = 1). We prove a formula for the free joint numerical radius of a tuple of generalized permutations. When dim(H) < [infinity], we show that w(X₁, ... ,X_m) < 1/2 is equivalent to the existence of a fixed point of the operator-valued function f_[X₁, ... ,X_m](Z) := I + [sum]_[j=1]^m [(Z^[1/2]X_j^*ZX_jZ^[1/2] + [1/4]I)^[1/2] + (Z^[1/2]X_jZX_j^*Z^[1/2] + [1/4]I)^[1/2]]. We also present a conjecture how to compute such fixed point.
On Backwards Causation
Authors: Garrett Brian
Published: February 2022

In our world we never observe an effect which is earlier than its cause. All of our experience is of future-directed (or perhaps simultaneous) causation. But many have thought that backwards causation is at least logically or metaphysically possible. Max Black (1956) famously argued against this thought. I think his argument fails, but it’s still instructive. The correct rejoinder to Black teaches us what backwards causation must be like in a world of free agents, and implies that we can never have reason to bring about past events (in a world with backwards causal chains).
The Causal Nature of Dispositions and Modality
Authors: Hauska Jan
Published: February 2022

Theories of modality which invoke possible worlds have recently been challenged by accounts that appeal to dispositional properties. A prominent strand of the accounts maintains that there is an intimate link between dispositions and possibility. The link is said to be captured by the proposition that, at first approximation, a state of affairs is possible just in case there is some actual disposition whose manifestation is (or includes) the state. Focusing on the most detailed exposition and defence of this approach, put forward by Barbara Vetter, I critically examine the adequacy of the view of dispositional properties on which it rests and which seems to be required by any plausible dispositionalist account of possibility. In the course of doing so, I offer arguments in favour of the causal nature of dispositions.
Anselm, Existence, and the Metaphysics of Intentionality: Proslogion 2 Revisited
Authors: Hughes Christopher
Published: February 2022

I argue that (i) the Proslogion 2 argument rests on Meinongian assumptions, and (ii) Meinongianism is more defensible than many metaphysicians think, but (iii) although Meinongianism can be defended from (venerable) objections, the most promising (known) strategies for doing that call into question the cogency of the Proslogion 2 argument, so (iv) that argument is less than convincing, even if Meinongianism is true.
Gene Centrism, Causal Specificity and Missing Heritability
Authors: Akbay Gökhan
Published: February 2022

Gene centrism is the idea that genes have a privileged causal role in the ontogeny of phenotypes. It has traditionally been defended on the grounds that genetic causation is a special kind of causation. According to this viewpoint, genes are special causal agents because they carry the information to build the organism. The recent trend in the philosophy of biology is to replace informational concepts with causal ones. Specific influence of genes in the production of RNA and proteins has received much attention. However, the history of genetics shows that gene centrism concerns not only the most proximate effects of genes, but also higher level phenotypes and the kind of specificity required to justify gene centrism must extend beyond proteins and RNAs. The missing heritability problem implies that it is no easy task to find specific causal relations between genomes and phenotypes. It seems to be the case that thousands of genes somehow influence variation in any complex trait and genomic findings offer no clear-cut mechanistic explanation. Thus, causal specificity concepts currently employed in philosophy are inadequate for answering the substantive problem of genotype-phenotype relations.
Contemporary societal division: resonance, alienation, and (politics of) fear
Authors: Zalec Bojan
Published: February 2022

The current situation is marked by a negative attitude of people towards politics and division between them. The author shows how we can understand the nature and origin of such a condition with the help of Rosa’s resonance theory and his theory of action. Rosa interprets the modern situation as alienation between people and politics and as a reaction of people to it. On this basis, the author explains the functioning of the politics of fear. He shows that the foundation of the fight against the politics of fear is to improve our relationships in terms of resonance. The author concludes that Rosa’s theory is very useful for understanding the central social and political problem of the modern world, the division between people and politics, which is also a major problem for democracy. Therefore, discussing this theory, elaborating it, applying it and developing it is very relevant and beneficial.
Fluorescent Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assisted with Streptavidin-coated Quantum Dots
Authors: Aliasgharian Aily , Gill Pooria , Ahanjan Mohammad , Rafati Adele
Published: February 2022

Background: Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could be considered as a major concern in medicine can cause nosocomial infection and bacteremia, especially in patients using catheter and household medical devices.
Methods: Using molecular diagnostic methods are important for identification of MRSA from the Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Here we described a fluorescent assay using biotin-labelling Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method assisted with streptavidin-coated Quantum Dots (QDs) for detection of MRSA. For comparison, another fluorescent assay using LAMP assisted with Green Viewer (GV; a fluorescent dye) was applied for detection of MRSA. The mecA gene was selected as the target for amplification by LAMP and for biotin-labeling of the LAMP amplicons, biotin-11-dUTP was mixed with the dNTPs (deoxy Nucleotide Phosphates) in LAMP reaction. For determining the clinical performance of the developed assay, 30 blood samples with MRSA positive results were tested with QD-LAMP, the conventional LAMP, GV-LAMP, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Results: Obtained results indicated that % sensitivity of QD-LAMP was 86.66% for detection of mecA positive MRSA samples; however, the Limit of Detection (LoD) of QD-LAMP was 1.5×104 Colony Forming Unit (CFU).
Conclusion: The results suggested that the QD-LAMP assay was easy to operate and could be used for detection of MRSA in parallel to the blood culture with less sensitivity for detection of bacteremia and pediatric septicemia with low counts of MRSA.
COVID 19 and Nutrition in Mucormycosis (Black Fungus)
Authors: Jafari-Nodoushan Abbas Ali
Published: February 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to COVID-19 in People of Yazd, 2021
Authors: Marzban Ameneh , Yoshany Nooshin , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Khaleghi Moori Mahdiye , Maayeshi Najmeh , Zamani Marzieh
Published: February 2022

Background: The importance of healthy nutrition in increasing immunity and reducing disease has been identified for many years. Nutrient deficiencies lead to decreased immune function and thus increase the incidence or exacerbation of infections. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and nutritional function associated with COVID-19 disease in people of Yazd. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted in 2021. The sample size was 420 adults in Yazd referring to health centers. Research tools included demographic checklist and questionnaire of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices related to COVID-19. Results: The mean scores of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices related to COVID-19 in people of Yazd were 21.35 ± 4.54, 20.74±  3.58, and 38.99 ±  7.39, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge and level of education and history of COVID-19 and practice with gender and history of COVID-19. The most important source of information for people was cyberspace. Conclusion: Knowledge of the nutritional factors affecting a disease can affect people's attitudes and practices. So that lack of sufficient knowledge and misunderstanding among people can increase the prevalence of the disease and delay the recovery of COVID-19. Due to the importance of this matter, the need to implement educational programs to inform people about proper practices should be considered.
The Effect of Lower Dietary Fat and Higher Fruit Intakes on Reducing Aggressive Behaviors in Young Males
Authors: Asgharzade Ali , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Mahmudiono Trias , Ghanbari Masoud , Azizova Feruza
Published: February 2022

Background: Trait anger is associated with numerous physiological and psychological problems and is a social health problem. The current study aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic and nutritional determinants of trait anger in young males. Methods: In the current study, 150 young males aged between 14-44 years were randomly selected. General information was obtained and anthropometric assessments were performed. Trait anger was measured by the state-trait anger expression inventory, and affective control scale (ACS) was used for assessing affective disorders, including four subscales of anger, depressive mood, anxiety, and positive emotion. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: According to the findings of the current study, trait anger score was higher among young male subjects who were illiterate or had low educational attainment, unemployed, single, and had no physical activity. Similarly, among affective disorder subscales, the subjects who were illiterate or had lower educational attainment and were single, had higher scores of anger, positive emotion, depressive mood, and anxiety. Among dietary intakes, trait anger score was positively associated with dietary fat intake and negatively associated with fruit intake (P = 0.04). Conclusion: The current study highlighted the effects of education, marital status, physical activity, and fruit intake in the attenuation and suppression of trait anger and affective disorders. The preventive strategies for trait anger can be focused to promote these healthy habits and modify life style into a physically active healthy diet pattern.
The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Saffron (Crocus sativus L. Stigma) on the Behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium in A Food Model during Storage at Different Temperatures
Authors: Valizadeh Soghra , Moosavy Mir-Hassan , Ebrahimi Alireza , Akhondzadeh Basti Afshin , Mahmoudi Razzagh , Khatibi Seyed Amin
Published: February 2022

Background: Given the concerns about the use of chemical preservatives in food, the consumers and producers have been interested in natural alternatives, such as plant essential oils and extracts. Since there are limited studies about the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on the behavior of foodborne pathogens in food models, this study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of saffron stigma on the growth behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in commercial barley soup (as a food model) during storage at different temperatures. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined against S. Typhimurium using broth microdilution method. The growth of S. Typhimurium was investigated in the presence of this extract in commercial barley soup during 12 days of storage at 10, 20, and 30 °C. Results: The MIC and MBC values ​​for saffron extract against S. Typhimurium were 100 and >200 mg/ml, respectively. Also, the saffron extract at a concentration of 200 mg/ml and temperature of 10 °C had the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria in commercial barley soup during storage. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the antimicrobial effect of this extract increased in a dose-dependent manner against this bacterium. Therefore, the use of proper concentrations of this extract together with appropriate storage temperature can have an appropriate inhibitory effect on the growth of this bacterium, improving food safety shelf life.
Study of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Grade Water Quality in Iran
Authors: Mazidi Ataallah , Hakimian Homa
Published: February 2022

Background: The use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water is very important for laboratory studies, especially food quality control. These studies have a great impact on diagnosing food health. Food health improves the health of the community and these two parameters are closely related. HPLC grade water is ultra-pure water with low UV absorption ability. This water is often purified through a micron filter and all contaminants are removed. Methods: Thirty samples of HPLC grade water with Iranian and non-Iranian brands purchased from Tehran were tested for electrical conductivity and silica. Results: The quality of all the tested samples was approved which was lower than the allowable limit. None of the Iranian and non-Iranian samples exceeded the standard limit. Conclusion: This study indicated the good quality of this product. It was concluded that all the samples had desirable quality.
Prevalence of Obesity among Elementary Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Mehrabbeik Akram , Askari Maryam , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Namiranian Nasim , Aghaee Meybody Seied Mohammadreza
Published: February 2022

Background: Childhood obesity can affect life in three aspects, including continuing obesity after childhood, increased risk of chronic diseases, and mortality. Over the last year, students' lifestyles have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to plan educational interventions to improve students' health, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity among elementary students during COVID-19 pandemic in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 583 elementary students in 4th-6th grades (aged 10-12 years) in Yazd in 2021. The participants were recruited using multistage sampling (cluster, stratified, and random) method. Data collection tools included the physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and a validated researcher-made questionnaire in terms of fast food and carbonated sweet beverages consumption. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the students’ height and weight information registered in student electronic registration system (SANAD).  Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students was 23.9% and 14.5%, respectively. Gender (P < 0.0001), type of school (P < 0.0001), mother’s education level (P = 0.03), amount of carbonated sweet beverages (P < 0.0001), and level of physical activity (P = 0.04) were associated with BMI status. There was no significant association between frequency of students’ consumption of fast food (P = 0.41) or soft drinks and BMI status (P = 0.48). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 outbreak, students’ weight gain has been more affected by reducing physical activity than consuming high-calorie foods. Therefore, it is required to create new infrastructure and opportunities for improving physical activity among students
Integrating English for Academic Writing Virtual Lab Setting in Pre-Service Math and Science Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Haggag Haggag Mohamed
Published: February 2022

This research focuses on identifying the effect of integrating English for academic writing virtual lab setting in pre-service math and science teacher education programs. Four instruments were utilized in the different process of the research and the test was reported in the results. It utilized English for academic writing questionnaire to identify the academic writing skills needed for the participants, while a virtual academic writing module was used in the instruction of the target skills. English was utilized for the academic writing test and its rubric was used in the pre-post testing of the participants and their assessment. The participants were pre-service students (N=58) from math and science departments at Hurghada Faculty of Education, South Valley University, Egypt. Using a one-group quasi-experimental design, the research followed a pre and post testing procedure before and after applying the virtual academic writing lab. Results of the study were obtained quantitatively and qualitatively through the test of academic writing and the reflection sheet, respectively. Quantitative results showed that there were significant mean differences between participants' scores at level 0.05≥ in the pre and post testing procedure. These differences were in favor of the post testing of both basic academic writing concepts’ variable and academic writing skills variable (000), as well as the total score of participants’ academic writing (sig .002). Qualitative results also showed the positive attitudes of the participants and their satisfaction with the online module based on the feedback provided during the writing process. Recommendations of the research included integrating online virtual writing labs in pre-service math and science teachers’ education programs as well as integrating academic writing in their academic English courses.
Estimación poblacional de Crocodylus moreletii en cuatro sitios de la Reserva de Biósfera Pantanos de Centla
Authors: Rodas-Trejo Jenner , Ocampo-González Paola , Mandujano-Camacho Hernán Orbelín
Published: February 2022

La cuantiﬁcación de los cocodrilos en ambientes naturales representa información básica para establecer estrategias de manejo y conservación de estas especies. Con el objetivo de evaluar la tasa de encuentro (TE), abundancia y estructura poblacional del cocodrilo de pantano (Crocodylus moreletii) en la Reserva de la Biósfera Pantanos de Centla (RBPC), entre los meses de septiembre a diciembre de 2018 se llevaron a cabo recorridos mensuales nocturnos en las localidades Tabasquillo, Tembladeras, La Mixteca y Lázaro Cárdenas. En total se obtuvieron 797 registros en 16 conteos nocturnos. En la localidad de Tembladeras se registró la menor TE y tamaño poblacional con 1.12 cocodrilos km−1 lineal y 54.09 ± 6.31 individuos, respectivamente, en tanto que los valores más altos se presentaron en la localidad La Mixteca con 3.14 cocodrilos km−1 lineal y 84.79 ± 6.44 individuos. Se encontraron diferencias signiﬁcactivas entre los individuos observados por transecto (H = 10.775, gl. = 3, p < 0.05). En las cuatro localidades se observaron individuos de todas las clases de tamaño. Las mayores proporciones se presentaron en las clases I y II. Esta información contribuye al conocimiento sobre la ecología poblacional y es una primera aproximación el estado actual del cocodrilo de pantano y representa el primer estudio para C. moreletii en estas localidades de la RBPC.
Optimal Covert Communication Technology
Authors: Okello Moses
Published: February 2022

Due to advancement in hacking/reverse engineering tools, threat against transfer of sensitive data or highly classified information is always at risk of being intercepted by an attacker. Covert communication outwit this malicious breach of privacy act better than cryptography as it camouflage secret information inside another innocent looking information, while cryptography shows scrambled information that might arouse attention of an attacker. However, the challenges in Steganography are the modification of carrier that causes some abnormalities, which is detectable and often the methods are not optimize. This paper presents an approach in Covert communication Chanel, which utilizes mathematical concept of combination to optimize time of transmission using sets of multiple transmitter’s, and receiver’s addresses where each abstractly represents a set of bits or characters combination without modifying the address. To minimize the number of physical address to be use, a combinatorial and permutation concept of virtual address generation from physical address is introduce. The paper in addition presents some technique like relationship and their application in both re-enforcing resistivity against Steganalysis and generating combinations. Furthermore, a concept of dynamical clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation of combination over addresses after every transmission is introduce to further improve on resistivity against Steganalysis. A simple test was performed for demonstrating relay address, combination and permutation concepts. Based on test results and analysis, the method is effective as expected and it is quite easy to use as it can be implemented in different platform without much difficulties.
Genetic Algorithm-based Optimal Deep Neural Network for Detecting Network Intrusions
Authors: Adhikary Sourav , Anwar Md. Musfique , Morshed Chowdhury Mohammad Jabed , H. Sarker Iqbal
Published: February 2022

Computer network attacks are evolving in parallel with the evolution of hardware and neural network architecture. Despite major advancements in Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) technology, most implementations still depend on signature-based intrusion detection systems, which can’t identify unknown attacks. Deep learning can help NIDS to detect novel threats since it has a strong generalization ability. The deep neural network’s architecture has a significant impact on the model’s results. We propose a genetic algorithm based model to find the optimal number of hidden layers and the number of neurons in each layer of the deep neural network (DNN) architecture for the network intrusion detection binary classification problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DNN architecture shows better performance than classical machine learning algorithms at a lower computational cost.
Successful Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Volar Locking Plate Plastic Deformation with Associated Fracture
Authors: Ardavanis Kyle S. , Imlay Hannah N. , Van Steyn Peter M. , Drayer Nicholas J. , Shin Emily H. , Pavey Gabriel J.
Published: February 2022

Case:

Distal radius fractures are among the most common orthopaedic injuries. The volar locking plate is now the most utilized internal fixation method for these fractures. There are few reports of mechanical failure of volar locking plates within the literature. In this case report, we describe successful closed reduction of traumatic volar locking plate plastic deformation with associated fracture. In addition, we discuss existing literature regarding plastic deformation of distal radius plates.

Conclusion:

Traumatic, plastic deformation of distal radius volar locking plates with associated fracture may be managed nonoperatively with closed reduction.
Difficult Diagnosis of Fungal Arthritis After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Taniguchi Yu , Kanamori Akihiro , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: February 2022

Case:

An 18-year-old woman underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) but developed recurrent knee effusion. At age 25 years, her right knee pain worsened, and radiographs revealed extensive bone loss. She was diagnosed with fungal (Candida parapsilosis) osteomyelitis by synovial fluid cultures. She underwent 2-stage surgery involving an amphotericin B-loaded cement spacer implantation and bone defect grafting. No recurrence of infection has been noted for 3 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Fungal osteomyelitis may have few signs of local infection and often remains undiagnosed until bone loss occurs. Differential diagnosis should include this disease when there is recurrent knee effusion after ACLR.
Corrective Osteotomy and Physeal Bar Resection for Distal Radial Physeal Arrest After Flexible Nailing
Authors: Rizk Paul A. , Ihnow Stephanie , Chan Chung Ming
Published: February 2022

Case:

A 9-year-old girl developed a physeal bar after flexible nailing for a proximal radius fracture. The patient presented 2 years after initial injury with gross deformity of the wrist with confirmed physeal bar. The patient underwent physeal bar resection, cement interposition, and corrective osteotomy with improvement of radial height, wrist deformity, and function.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates the importance of meticulous flexible nail insertion technique and the subsequent, successful treatment for the complication.
Deconstruction feasibility assessment of warehouse district facilities at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri
Authors: Vance Samuel , Carlson Thomas , Davila-Perez Juan , Gilbert Dominique
Published: February 2022

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) and Fort Leonard Wood, MO, are in the sixth year of efforts to plan and implement a program in support of installation sustainability. As part of this effort, ERDC-CERL personnel supported the Fort Leonard Wood Directorate of Public Works (DPW) by conducting a deconstruction assessment of multiple buildings in the warehouse district. The project delivery team visited Fort Leonard Wood in April 2017 to conduct quantity take-offs of the buildings. An abbreviated interim report that focused exclusively on Bldgs. 2338 and 2339 was provided to the Chief, Master Planning Branch, at that time. These two buildings were representative of the majority of the buildings in the assessment and thus became the model that we describe in detail in the sections below. Differences between the other warehouses and the model are discussed. Several buildings that had configurations different from that of the model were evaluated independently.
Fluid Saturation in the Lithosphere of the Altai-Sayan Folded Region according to Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Belyavsky V.V. , Lozovsky I.N.
Published: February 2022

—A model of deep electrical conductivity of the Altai–Sayan folded region is presented, which was compiled from the results of three-dimensional inversion of the invariant values of the impedance matrix and interactive selection of three-dimensional model curves of magnetotelluric sounding to experimental ones. The obtained electrical resistivity values were used to estimate the fluid saturation of the Earth’s crust by applying the Shankland–Waff equation. The NaCl salinity of the aqueous solution is taken equal to 170 g/L, for which the fluid saturation is most consistent with the seismic data. The electrical conductivity and fluid saturation of focal zones of earthquakes, activated blocks of the region and deep faults were studied. Most of the earthquake hypocenters are located above the top of the conductors and near deep low-resistivity faults. The position of low-resistivity anomalies correlates with the position of domains with the enhanced attenuation of converted earthquake waves and reduced velocities of compressional waves. The Teelin, Samagaltai, and Kaa-Khem earthquake sources are characterized by the maximum fluid content (0.5–0.9%), and the Altai, Shapshal, Shagonar and Bolsheporoshskii sources, by minimum ones (0.1–0.2%). The fluid saturation of deep faults reaches 1.2%. The faults characterized by tensile stresses oriented orthogonally to their strike, show the highest fluid content. A similar pattern is observed for the crustal blocks located beneath depressions. The high fluid content beneath the Kyzyl Basin and its surroundings correlate with the major compressional-wave velocity deficit beneath it.
Neotectonic Fault Pattern of the Salair Area (Southern West Siberia): Relation with the Pre-Cenozoic Tectonic Framework
Authors: Novikov I.S. , Zhimulev F.I. , Pospeeva E.V.
Published: February 2022

—Neotectonic activity in the area of the Salair Ridge (southern West Siberia) rejuvenated a system of large arc-shaped faults separating the Salair tectonic arc from the adjacent tectonic units. These regional faults, which make up the general tectonic framework of the Altai–Sayan Folded Area, originated in the late Paleozoic and were repeatedly reactivated in the Mesozoic. The deformation within the major Salair thrust sheet is mainly brittle and follows small fault planes that crosscut the margins of Paleozoic thrusts. The neotectonic faulting has controlled the erosion pattern of the territory and produced a reticulate drainage system. The Salair tectonic unit is a single 80 × 250 km block consisting of multiple neotectonic blocks, with relative vertical offset no more than 100 m in the block interior and 100–200 m in its southern, northern, and eastern borders. The northwestern and southeastern border faults have reverse slip geometry, while the motions on the en-echelon northeastern fault boundary include reverse and right-lateral strike-slip components. The thickness of the Salair thrust sheet estimated from magnetotelluric (MT) data increases in the western direction from 5 to 15 km in the northern block part and from 10 to >20 km in the south. The allochthon base is delineated by a low-resistivity zone interpreted as a horizontal detachment. This boundary formed in the Mesozoic and was rejuvenated at the neotectonic stage. The lithology and deformation of Jurassic sediments filling piedmont basins around the Salair Ridge indicate that the Cenozoic fault pattern generally inherits the Mesozoic framework but differs in about ten times smaller vertical offset.