bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Jumlah Angka Kuman Pada Spons Dapur
Authors: Gusti Awalia , Lindawati Lindawati , Onasis Aidil , Hidayanti Rahmi
Published: August 2022

Peralatan makan yang tidak hygiene dapat menyebabkan penularan penyakit. Peralatan makan dapat terbebas dari mikroorganisme melalui proses pencucian. Pencucian peralatan makan menggunakan perangkat lunak dan keras, seperti . Perangkat lunak seperti air dan larutan pencucian, sedangkan perangkat keras seperti baskom, kran air, bak pencucian dan spons. Kebiasaan meninggalkan spons dalam air cucian mengakibatkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Bahan spons berpori dapat menjadi sumber kontaminasi utama, karena kontaminasi silang menularkan mikroba patogen yang berasal dari sisa makanan yang mengalami pembusukan pada sisa makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jumlah angka kuman pada spon dapur yang digunakan untuk mencuci alat makan. Jenis penelitian deskriptif, pemeriksaan angka kuman pada spons berdasarkan frekuensi pemakaian dan penyimpanan. Kriteria sampel adalah spon yang digunakan rumah tangga setelah penggunaan dicuci dan dikeringkan, setelah penggunaan di cuci dan tidak dikeringkan, setelah penggunaan tidak di cuci dan dikeringkan serta spons setelah digunakan tidak dicuci dan tidak di keringkan. Sampel diambil dan ditumbuhkan pada media agar, selanjutnya di inkubasi pada incubator. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan. Hasil penelitian jumlah angka kuman pada spons dapur berbeda berdasarkan  perlakuan. Spons dapur yang dicuci dan di keringkan setelah penggunaan mempunyai kandungan angka kuman lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan spons dapur yang tidak di cuci dan tidak dikeringkan setelah penggunaan. Sehingga disarankan spon setelah digunakan harus dicuci dan dikeringkan untuk memperlambat pertumbuhan bakteri serta mengganti spons cuci piring seminggu sekali.
Penerapan Fatwa DSN MUI NO: 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 Tentang Pembiayaan Murabahah Dilingkungan Perbankan Syariah Perspektif Maqasyid Syariah Jaseer Auda
Authors: Istiqomah May Lailatul
Published: August 2022

Murabahah merupakan sebuah akad jual beli barang dengan menyatakan harga perolehan dan keuntungan yang disepakati oleh penjual dan pembeli. Seiring berkembangnya perbankan syariah pada saat ini sangat memerlukan regulasi yang berkaitan dengan kesesuaian operasional lembaga keuangan syariah dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Bank syariah merupakan bank yang menggunakan prinsip syariah dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya dimana landasan hukum dijalankannya sesuai dengan prinsip syariah ini mengacu kepada AL-quran dan AL-hadits. Adapun beberapa peraturan lainnya terkait dengan kegiatan usaha bank syariah sebagai financial intermediary yakni menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana kepada masyarakat terutama dalam kegiatan penyaluran kepada masyarakat ini ada beberapa pembiayaan yang dijalankan dalam prinsip syariah diantaranya adalah pembiayaan jual beli atau biasa kita kenal dengan akad murabahah. Murabahah meruapakan salah atu jenis kontrak yang paling umum diterapkan daklam aktivitas pembiayaan perbankan syariah. Murabahah diterapkan melalui mekanisme jual beli barang dengan penambahan margin sebagai keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh bank.
The Impact of Trauma Simulation on Pre-Hospital Emergency Operations Staff
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran., Bozorgnejad Mehri , Najafi Tahere ,   Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haghani Shima ,   Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nazari Peyman ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2022

Background & Aims: Trauma is the main cause of death and disability in the world. Pre-hospital care is the first line of trauma care and treatment. Pre-hospital emergency services include immediate actions to save lives. Simulation allows employees to acquire basic skills in thinking, evaluating, solving problems, making decisions and analyzing data. Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The participants were 60 pre-hospital emergency staff selected from among 200 staff of Fars pre-hospital emergency center . The simulation training was based on an educational model. The clinical skills of the participants in dealing with trauma patients was evaluated by the Objective Structured Clinical Skills Evaluation method in nine areas. After the training, the skills were re-evaluated and analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software. Results: The lowest mean score (from 0 to 100) was related to the skill of using traction splint (71.01±18.73) and the highest score was related to the skill of bleeding control and shock treatment (81.04±22.75). The results of the paired t-test showed that the overall clinical skill and nine standard skills of dealing with trauma patients were significantly increased after simulation training (P<0.001). Conclusion: The simulation training can increase the skills of pre-hospital emergency staff in dealing with trauma patients.
Spinal Giant Cell Tumor in Neurospine Surgery: A Narrative Study
Authors:   Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Mousavi Seyed Reza , Kalani Navid ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran, Kazeminezhad Ali ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Peymanieh Hospital, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Spinal Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) is a primary low-grade malignant aggressive tumor of the spine and is more prevalent in the third and fourth decades of life. Spinal GCT frequently occurs in the sacrum. The most common presentation of spinal GCT is pain. Spinal GCT is seldom observed as an asymptomatic, incidental radiological occurrence. Based on the clinic-radiological findings, differential diagnoses of spinal GCT are Aneurismal Bone Cyst (ABC), plasmacytoma, symptomatic hemangioma, and Tuberculosis (TB). A biopsy is crucial for a definitive diagnosis. Because of the rich vascular supply about 24 hours prior to operation, Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) with tumor embolization is recommended. The treatment of choice for these tumors is complete, extralesional surgical resection which is not usually possible. General treatment is resorted as incomplete partial resection following local radiotherapy. The method of choice for reconstruction is cement or metallic cages and because of the high recurrence rate, bone graft is avoided. The local recurrence rate in the spinal column is lower than in other areas. Methods and Materials/Patients: The spinal GCT incidence, manifestations, diagnosis, and management were concisely reviewed. Using the keywords of GCT, GCT manifestations, GCT complications, GCT management, and GCT incidence, all the relevant articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed, reviewed critically, and analyzed. Results: Spinal GCT rarely presents as an incidental finding in radiologic studies. Because of the high vascular supply of GCTs, preoperative embolization must be performed. The ideal treatment of spinal GCT is complete surgical tumor excision and when not possible, intralesional resection is an alternative treatment. The prognosis of spinal GCT is not good as other primary spinal tumors because of incomplete excision of the tumor and following high recurrence rate. Conclusion: Spinal GCTs are complex clinical entities. Operation is obligatory, and postoperative close follow-up is mandatory to stop recurrences early
The concept of objects of civil turnover
Authors: Slipchenko A. S. Slipchenko
Published: August 2022

In the conditions of the current world crisis, the urgent need for the further development of Ukraine in the conditions of a market economy and its economic integration with the European Union, the isues of legal regulation of civil turnover are gaining relevance. To solve them, it is necessary to define the concept of the object of civil turnover, because, as it is rightly noted in the legal literature, it is important for a lawyer to understand not only whether a certain substrate is an object of civil rights, but also whether it is an object civil turnover. The first allows to determine the content of the legal relationship that could be formed in relation to the corresponding good. The second makes it possible to determine the range of circumstances that allow or prevent the transition, transfer, alienation of such goods in society. The purpose of the study is to determine the objects of civil turnover. Methodologically, the very concept of civil turnover was considered, on the basis of which its object was determined. With the help of such a method of scientific knowledge as a conclusion by analogy, it was established that the object of civil turnover and the object of legal succession are different legal phenomena. The result of the study is the definition of the objects of civil turnover and the establishment of their distinctive features from other, similar concepts. It was determined that every object of civil turnover is an object of civil law, and vice versa, every object of civil law is an object of civil turnover, thereby questioning the truth of the popular saying "the object of civil rights cannot be that, which is not defensive. It was established that the object of turnover is precisely the objects of civil law. Subjective rights (obligations) can be considered objects of civil turnover only if they perform the function of objects of civil rights, that is, in the “right to right” construction. In all other cases, the dynamics of rights is a form of civil turnover. The legal form of civil turnover is implemented in the order of legal establishment or legal succession. Only the objects of the latter are subjective rights and obligations, but not objects of civil rights.
International Student Challenges Further Amplified in the Era of a Pandemic
Authors: Zabin Rakha
Published: August 2022

International students have always been in challenging situations and this pandemic amplified it further. To smoothly transition to the educational platforms and integrate into a new country, especially during and after the Covid-19 pandemic, international students need adequate support from educational institutions and governments. Integration plays a dominant role in adaptation to life in a foreign country and academic success. Based on Tinto's (2011) integration model, this study explores the unique challenges based on the lived experiences of an international doctoral student from a lower-income country, Bangladesh, enrolled in an Ontario university. It focuses on the learning experience of the international doctoral student's integration to become a scholar within this changing time. Self-reflection on the hurdles experienced and the coping strategies during the evolution inform the analysis. Finally, the study concludes by highlighting the role of adequate institutional and government support services by offering valuable recommendations for international students’ integration.
Internationalization in Higher Education: Equity, Affordability, Epistemic Democracy? or Social Reproduction and World-Systems Stratification
Authors: Castaneda Maribel
Published: August 2022

This autoethnographic paper exposes the multiple barriers encountered by an international doctoral female student in the United States: health issues especially Covid-19, institutional, political, geopolitical, knowledge production and economic factors. Reproduction theory, the world-system analysis and intellectual imperialism are used to examine these factors exposing the illusion of equity in international higher education and its role in perpetuating the imbalances and exclusion of large groups of people and entire countries. Contrary to the narrative, international students are often part of these large excluded groups of people but are not regularly included in the discussion.
From Being to Becoming: An International Student’s Journey at Becoming an International Education Scholar
Authors: Castiello-Gutiérrez Santiago
Published: August 2022

Framed as a critical autoethnography (Boylorn & Orbe, 2020), this study is a reflection on my personal and academic journey from ‘being’ an international student in the United States, to ‘becoming’ a scholar who studies issues of international student mobility. Through a comprehensive dataset comprised of self-reflection, personal communications, published and unpublished scholarly works, and presentations, I show how by being the Other and observing or experiencing issues of discrimination against international students, I transformed my scholarly identity and used my agency to bring attention to these issues.
New Voices from Intersecting Identities Among International Students Around the World
Authors: Koo Katie , Mathies Charles
Published: August 2022

In this article, we introduce our special issue, “International students’ lived experiences in the era unprecedented uncertainty and challenges: New voices from intersectional identities.” Our motivation and intention for this special issue, the focus, and the overall methodological approach are discussed. In addition to presenting the contributions of each article to this issue, we also discuss what we (all authors of this special issue) try to talk and how our voices are reflecting our unique experiences of coming to the new counties and leaving where we lived as international students by unfolding our stories and multiple identities that are intersecting while we experienced.
Correlation of mandibular canal wall resorption with angular cortical thickness among edentulous patients using panoramic radiographs (A comparative study between male and female)
Authors: Hassan Dr. Nuhad A.
Published: August 2022

BackgroundResorption of alveolar bone is the best recognized feature of mandibular aging inthe edentate subject. The aim of this is study to evaluate the mandibular canal wallresorption using panoramic radiographs among edentulous male and female.Material and methodThe sample of this study was collected from patients who attended TeachingHospital of the College of Dentistry at Al- Mustansiria University and panoramicradiographs were taken in Al-Karama specialized center for dentistry. Forty threepatients were selected in this study with age range between 59-85 years (25 malesand 18 females) . Panoramic radiographs for all patients and sides were examinedand evaluated .ResultsChi-square between males and females of angular cortical thickness (ACT) ≥1mm and ACT ˂ 1mm was (37.06) which statistically significant with p-value(0.008) and between resorption (grades) and age of males was(34.72) which itstatistically significant p-value(0.049) also between resorption (grades) and age offemales was(15.6) which was statistically significant p-value (0.003) . Spermancorrelation showed statistically significant moderate correlation between gender andage (r=0.581,p-value=0.01) and there was a moderately statistical significantcorrelation between the grades of mandibular canal resorption and the angularcortical thickness measurements in both gender (r=0.532,p-value=0.033).ConclusionThe resorption of the wall is found more often in edentulous females than in themales due to hormonal imbalance.
Evaluation of the shear bond strengths between two alternative metal alloys and porcelain
Authors: Jassim Dr. Haider H. , Jassim Dr. Haider H.
Published: August 2022

The success of metal-ceramic restorations is influenced by the compatibilitybetween base metal alloys and porcelains. Although porcelain manufacturersrecommend their own metal systems as the most compatible for fabricating metalceramicprostheses, a number of alloys have been used. The purpose of this study wasto evaluate the bond strength of CoCr alloy (Wironbond C) and NiCr alloy (Wiron 99)using shear forces at the metal-ceramic interface. A stainless steel cylindrical matrixwas used for preparation of the metal dies, application of ceramic and to perform theshear tests. Ten metal dies of each alloy were made for each alloy, and the metallicportion was obtained with the lost wax casting technique with standardized waxing of6.5mm of height and of 6mm of diameter. The ceramic was applied according to themanufacturer’s recommendations with the aid of a Teflon matrix that allowed itsdimension to be standardized in the same size as the metallic portion, and shear testswere performed in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min.The mean shear bond strength values were 53.06MPa for Wirobond C alloy, withstandard deviation of 10.67, and 45.38MPa for Wiron 99, with standard deviation of9.01. No statistically significant difference was observed between the shear strengthof the two metal-ceramic alloys.
Comparison of marginal adaptation, internal fitness and microleakage of Zolid, Zirconia and Empress 2 all-ceramic crown materials (An in vitro study)
Authors: Ali Dr. Ammar Atta-Allah , Sabea Dr. Nasr Rifat
Published: August 2022

The purposes of this in vitro study were to compare the marginal adaptation,internal fitness and the microleakage of three CAD-CAM all ceramic crownsmaterials: Zolid, Zircon, and Empress 2. This study also evaluated the correlation ofmicroleakage of these ceramic crowns materials to the marginal fitness.Forty-five maxillary first premolar teeth were prepared with 2-mm occlusalreduction and 1-mm all around shoulder finish line, teeth were randomly divided intothree main groups according to the type of ceramic material that was used (n=15).Group 1: received a CAD-CAM Ceramill Zolid® unilayered transparent zircon Group2: received a CAD-CAM Ceramill ZI units (Zirconium oxide) Group 3: received aCAD-CAM Ceramill wax units that would subsequently invested and heat pressed tofabricate a hot-press ceramic crowns.The results showed statistical significant difference in marginal fitness, internalfitness and microleakage between Zolid group and other groups (P>0.0001). Therewas highly significant correlation of the marginal and internal fitness, whilst there wasno significant correlation marginal fitness and microleakage.,
Effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength of zirconia bonded to dentin with two resin luting cements
Authors: Behnam Dr. Ihsan N.
Published: August 2022

All-ceramic materials, especially silica-based lithium di-silicate and non-silicatebasedZirconia have become a topic of interest in the field of dentistry. It is stilldifficult to achieve a strong and durable resin-ceramic adhesion, especially resin-Zirconia bonding, focusing on the latest resin bonding techniques including surfacetreatment, priming and cementation.The purposes of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surfacetreatments on shear bond strength of zirconia bonded to dentin with two resin lutingcements.A total 60 zirconia discs 3mm thickness and 6 mm diameter subjected tothree types of surface treatments,irradiated with CO2 laser,etched with hydrofluoricacid, sandblasted+ceramic primer application,then bonded to dentin with two types ofresin cement (variolinkII and Dentocem). Shear bond strength was measured and thetype of failures were determined. The data were statistically analyzed by one-wayanalysis of variance and Independent T-test. The results of this study showed that thegroups which were sandblasted treated with ceramic primer produced highest shearbond strength followed by hydrofluoric etched groups and CO2 laser irradiated groupsshowed the lowest bond strength. Dentocem resin cement showed better bonding thanvariolink II.The failures were either adhesive (between discs and cement)orcohesive(cements on both disc and dentin).As a conclusion the bonding of Zirconiacan be improved by the different surface treatments especially by sandblastingceramic primer . Dentocem resin cement showed higher shear bond strength thanvariolinkII so promoted better adhesion between dentin and zirconia..
The Effect of Incorporation of Two Different Fibers on Some Mechanical Properties of Heat Cure Acrylic Resin
Authors: Fatihallah Dr. Abdalbasit A , Mohammed Dr. Mithaq Radhi , Taha Dr. Yasameen Taha , Salih Dr. Zainab Salih
Published: August 2022

To evaluate the effect of addition of different fibers on some mechanicalproperties of heat cured acrylic resin (flexural strength, impact strength and hardness).210 specimens were used in the study.70 specimens were used for flexuralstrength with measurements (65mm*10mm*2.5mm) length, width and thicknessrespectively. The specimens were divided into seven test groups (n=10). The firstgroup is the Control one and it was without fiber reinforcement, second groupreinforced with 2mm polyester fibers, third group reinforced with 4mm polyesterfibers, fourth group reinforced with 2mm Polypropylene fibers, fifth group reinforcedwith 4mm Polypropylene fibers, sixth group reinforced with 2mm of both fibers(polyester and Polypropylene), and seventh group reinforced with 4mm of both fibers(polyester and Polypropylene). 70 specimens were used for impact strength in sevengroup (n=10) with measurements (80mm*10mm*4mm) length, width and thicknessrespectively. 70 specimens were used for hardness test in seven groups (n=10) withmeasurements (65mm*10mm*2.5mm) length, width and thickness respectively.The Results Show that there are highly significant differences between all groupsexcept for a significant differences between control and combination 2 mm fiberlength (mean differences=33.45). For the hardness test the comparisons show thatthere is no significant differences between groups except for a significant differencesbetween control and combination of both fibers with 2mm length (mean differences=-1.34). For impact strength; there are highly significant differences between all groupsexcept for a significant differences between Polyester fiber of 2mm length andcombination of the two fiber of 2 mm length (mean differences=-3.1).In conclusion, the addition of different fibers (polyester and Polypropylene) toacrylic resin gives it more resistance to break and more resistance to bend.
Restoring implant bed alveolar defect with autologous bone graft taken from the patient’s chin: a case report for the surgical procedure
Authors: Shallawi Dr. Wael Sheet , Albannaa Dr. Rasha F.
Published: August 2022

Alveolar bony defects represent one of the most common problems that face oralsurgeons who practice dental implant placement. This case report describes amodification of a recent technique that aims to restore a bony defect in the implantsite using a cylindrical bone block autograft taken from the patient’s own chin; then tomake both clinical and radiographic evaluation of the prognosis periodically over sixmonths postoperatively. The technique was found to be effective and successful as atreatment option to restore implant site bony defects.
Influence of patient position on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Block Anesthesia
Authors: Alhamdani Dr. Faaiz Alhamdani , Sabah Dr. Mustafa Sabah
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Despite the wide use of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia indentistry it has a high percentage of failure (10 to 20%). This failure raterepresents a challenging clinical problem in the management of mandibular teeth.There have been several explanations for this problem. Some authors believe thatincorrect localization of the nerve near the mandibular foramen is the mainproblem with subsequent improper localization of the needle. Despite the attentionpaid to the different possible reasons for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, thepatient position and its influence on the operator's position and subsequently onthe success of the technique did not get enough attention.Aim of the study: To determine the influence of patient's position on the failure rateof Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia.Materials and Methods: Patients attended Oral Surgery Department, College ofDentistry, Almustansiria University in Baghdad for dental extraction wereincluded in this study. Dental extraction procedures were performed by 4th and5th class students. Inclusion criterion for the students was: students who performthe anaesthetic injection technique without the help of the supervising staffmember.Results: Fifty seven students were included in this study, 21(36.8%) were males and36 (63.2%) were females. Fifty seven students performed the local anaesthesia.Twenty four students were from 4th year (42.1%), and thirty three (57.9%) from5th year.Chi-Square Test showed highly significant relationship between patient's position andthe success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (p<0.01, df=1). Chi-Square Testshowed no significant relation (p>0.05, df=1) between the success level ofanaesthesia and the student's year.Conclusion: Patient position is one of the factors that could influence the success ofIANB anaesthesia. Considerable deviation from the accurate chair angulation canincrease the chance of failure of IANB.
New approach in Bisecting angle technique
Authors: Al-Safi Dr. Mona Abdul Hadi
Published: August 2022

Since the conventional radiograph was introduced in 1901, it seems that it has wide spectrum in it use in medical, dentistry & engineering branches.The importance came from its value in diagnosis and predicate the causes of different effects. This lead to more researches for more advanced programs , which continued through last century lead to an advanced radiography like digital one, C.T. scan and M.R.I. Still the conventional radiographs are the baseline for this progress a far farther for future progression.Aim of the study is to prove a new approach in "Bisecting angle technique".The present study indicate the new approach in using the bisecting angle technique since the old one give instructions on three main lines:-A. Patients positioning in the dental chair.B. Positioning of dental intraoral film inside patient mouth.C. The position of the cone of X-ray machine in both vertical and horizontal angles.But Al-Safi method gives instructions number D- about the anatomical landmarks that lead to the apex of the tooth to which central beam is directed, by drawing a line from ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear called ala tragus line indicate the apecies of maxillary teeth , for the mandibular arch a line draw indicate apices of mandibular teeth from the angle of the chin to the angle of the mandible in proper manner.In present study, two groups of fifth years students in the college of Dentistry in Baghdad had been taken. The first group had given instructions A-B-C-, second group had given instructions A-B-C- and D- according to Al-Safi method.The statically analysis using t-test shows , a significant difference between the first and second group in the effectiveness of sharpness and allignments artifacts , from the same point of view there were no significant difference between members of second group while there is a significant difference between members of the first group.The results indicate that the new approach in instructing the second group of students were gave wide predictors for their work and better results in decreasing the technical errors and dental artifacts.
Comparing required dislodging forces between different types of posterior palatal seal
Authors: Abed Albaki Dr Mohammed A. , Fatihallah Dr Abdalbasit A. , Ali Dr Mohammed M. M.
Published: August 2022

Background: In this study forces required to dislodge a maxillary complete denture were compared for different types of posterior palatal seals " Group 1 single beading design , Group 2 double beading design and group 3 with butter fly posterior palatal seal.Materials and Methods :Using a specially designed strain gauge force transducer and strain measuring device ,the force required to dislodge a maxillary complete denture measured and compared. Ten male subjects are selected with age range 55-65 yrs, the primary impression made in the usual manner and the final impression made with zinc oxide euogenol paste after the border seal made with tracing stick impression compound ,then the master cast duplicated using a heavy body silicone impression materials in order to produce a three additional casts, then the casts scraped to incorporate the posterior palatal seals and produce the three groups .a denture base constructed after postdum scraping.Results: Comparing the three groups the results shows that a significant difference found between the group 1 and 2 and group 1 and 3 with no significant difference found between group 2 and 3. Using ANOVA Table with LSD.Conclusion: No Design Provide superior priority than the other type of posterior palatal seals but a double beading and butter fly posterior palatal seal can improve the retention of a maxillary complete denture.
Linear setting expansion of three different types of dental stones Available in Iraqi market , a comparative study.
Authors: Al-Nakkash Dr. Widad A. , Fatihallah Dr.Abdalbasit A. , Al-Taie Dr.Ghassan A.
Published: August 2022

Aims of the study: To identify the must appropriate type of dental stone produceswith minimal setting expansionMaterials and methods: Three typee of dental stone compared, two groupsproduced depending on the mixing ratio so that the setting expansion values obtainedby the aids of extensometer then compare them statistically.Results and discussion: Comparing setting expansion within each group thelowest setting expansion found in Elite model stone while the highest value in SilkyRock model, in Q.D. dental stone While comparing the two groups with each othershows no considerable changes take place due to increase in the W/P ratioConclusion: Increasing the W/P ratio to a considerable limit results in a minimalchanges in the setting expansion for Silky Rock stone, while for Q.D. dental stone &Elite model the setting expansion decreased. Heat generated from the mixture didn'taffected by the changes in W/P ratio.
Destructive periodontitis, its prevalence among chronic periodontitis patients, with cohort incentive conditions
Authors: Al-Juboury Abdullatif Al-Juboury
Published: August 2022

Sixty-six patients have been diagnosed and distinguished as having destructive periodentitis out of one thousand slowly growing chronic periodontitis (S.G.Ch.P.), constituted 6.6%, females was 68.18%, male was 31.81%, a significant difference was found between male and female.Possible activating and inverting factors was studied, restraint stress and depression appear having a significant relationship, nutritional factor as well showed a significant influence on inversion of S.G.Ch.P. into DP.High gingival index, sever bone destruction; deep packet and an eventual tooth mobility with generalized distribution pattern were the characteristic clinical feature of the disease.In conclusion local bacterial and systemic conditions either psychic or somatic may interfere in the activation and inversion of the adult periodentitis into destructive periodontitis under the basis of systemic and psychological factors .
Comparison the bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets bases using three types of adhesive generations
Authors: Sadiq Dr. Suhad M. A.
Published: August 2022

Sixty stainless steel brackets were divided into two groups, group I used coarsemesh base type (Dentaurum); group II used casted mesh base type (Orthoorganizer).Each group was subdivided into three sub groups (Ten brackets for each), all thebrackets were bonded to sixty sound freshly extracted human upper first premolarsteeth using Microfilled composite material cured with light emitted diode (LED) lightcure unit. The first sub group was bonded with 5th generation bonding system; thesecond group was bonded with 6th generation bonding system, while the third subgroup bonded with 7th generation bonding system.The results of this study revealed that the 7th generation shows higher shear bondstrength than other two groups. The brackets with casted mesh type base demonstratehigher shear bond strength than brackets with coarse mesh type base.
Mobile phone reminder as a tool in maintaining good oral health status of Iraqi students
Authors: Jawad Dr. Kadhim Jawad
Published: August 2022

Improving the oral health status through out a group directed periodontal health educational programs was and still as one of the most applied strategies in field of dental and periodontal disease prevention. Eighty systemically fit undergraduate dental students were randomly chosen and allocated into two groups (control and experimental). A two-lecture educational program was carried out for both groups, but Students in the experimental group were instructed to use their mobile phone reminder to remind them the time of performing oral hygiene practice. Results of this research clearly reflect the proposed positive effect of the educational program on the oral health status of the participant and highly significant improvement was recorded for those who use the mobile reminder
The effect of denture cleansers on surface roughness and microhardness of stained light cured denture base material
Authors: Salem Dr. Salem Abdul- Latif , Al-Hachem Dr. Aseel Mohammed , Al-Khafagy Dr. Mohammed Talib
Published: August 2022

Denture cleanser is the most widely used method by the patients to maintain clean and healthy denture but the prolong use of such cleansers may affect the properties of the denture. So the aim of our study is to observe the effect of denture cleansers on surface hardness and surface roughness of the light cured acrylic resin after their immersion in the tea solution.Light curing acrylic resin was prepared and immersed in four types of denture Cleansers after there staining with tea then surface hardness and surface roughness of the acrylic resin was measured.There is no change in the stained acrylic properties when the samples were immersed in the denture cleansers compared to that immersed in the distilled water.The prepared denture cleanser solutions are good and satisfactory cleanser materials for the acrylic resin denture base. It’s recommended to use the denture cleanser for cleansing the prostheses which cured by light curing method.
Influence of different recycling protocols on load deflection of nickel titanium orthodontic wire
Authors: Al-Khatieeb Dr. Mustafa M.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the load deflection of nickel titanium orthodontic wire after different recycling protocols. A spooled 0.014 inch nickel titanium wire was separated into 7 groups: as received condition (T0,control group),treated in artificial saliva for 4 weeks (T1), treated in artificial saliva and autoclaved (T2), treated in artificial saliva and dry heated (T3), treated in artificial saliva and disinfected by glutaraldehyde (T4), treated in artificial saliva and disinfected by iodophor (T5) and treated in artificial saliva and disinfected by chlorhexidine (T6).The changes in the load deflection were observed by special test apparatus based on 3-point bending mechanism, the findings of the current study showed that there was highly significant difference in mean load deflection of nickel titanium wire between all recycling protocols (P< 0.0001). The recycling by sterilization of the wire by heat autoclave or disinfection by chlorhexidine both seem to be the best recycling protocols because of lowest detrimental effect on the load deflection, while the disinfection by glutaraldehyde or iodophor shows intermediate detrimental effect on the load deflection, and the sterilization by dry heat seems to be the worst recycling protocol because it shows highest detrimental effect on the load deflection value.
The knowledge and practices of oral hygiene methods in a sample of college students; Baghdad
Authors: Al-Rahim Dr.Yousif A. , Hamid Dr.Mohammed A.
Published: August 2022

Back ground: Poor oral health can have a profound effect on general health and the quality of life, the experience of pain, endurance of dental abscesses, problems with eating, chewing, and missing, discolored or damaged teeth, has a major impact on people’s daily lives and wellbeing. All these problems can be prevented by good personal oral hygiene practices.Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge and practices of oral hygiene methods and assess any association between these methods with the prevalence of dental caries among the students in different colleges in BaghdadMethods:-Study design: Cross sectional-Study period: The study was conducted from September, 1st to December, 31st 2005-Settings: Different colleges in Baghdad-Participants: A convenience sample of Four hundred and seventy students, male 236 (50.2%) and female 234 (48.8%).-Data collection: The data were collected by using a specially prepared questionnaire and oral examination.Results: 73.6% shows a poor and intermediate knowledge and practices methods of oral hygiene, the prevalence of dental caries reaches 66.4%. The proportion of dental carries among students with excellent score for the knowledge and practice methods of oral hygiene was 15.4 % (4 out of 26) only, while those with poor score showed 97.4% (76 out of 78).Conclusions: There is a need to enhance the knowledge of oral health and disease among our students, early detection and treatment of dental and oral diseases.
The Effect of Laser Irradiation on the Thickness of the Caries Surface Zone
Authors: Rajab Dr. Muthenna Sh. , Al-Gharrawi Dr. Hikmet A. Sh.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study aimed to assess the relation between various CW CO2 laser parameters and the thickness of the surface zone in the created carieslike lesion.A total of twenty four extracted human premolar teeth were irradiated with three various power densities (63.66, 31.83, and 15.9) W/cm2. The CO2 laser system emitted laser with 10.6m in wavelength. All samples were subjected to 3.5 pH lactic acid for 21 days to form carieslike lesion. The crowns after that were sectioned into ground cross sections and the surface zone thicknesses were measured under a polarizing microscope.Continuous wave (CW) CO2 laser had a noticeable effect on the prominence of the surface zone. The mean of the surface zone thicknesses found to be directly related to the power density of CW CO2 laser.
The effect of the petroleum jelly on the hardness of Zinc Oxide Eugenol dental cement
Authors: Hanna Dr. Bassam Afram m
Published: August 2022

Dental cement is one of few materials which have been developed specifically for dental use, most of the other dental materials have been borrowed from other environment and then modified to meet the particular requirements of dentistry (1).The zinc oxide eugenol is one of the most dental cement that is used as a base material beneath metallic dental restoration and as an insulating temporary filling material and cement temporary crown, it is required to improve the physical properties of zinc oxide eugenol in order to be superior than other cement, notably in respect of its palliative effect on the pulp so the addition of additives such as O –ethexy benzoic acid (EBA) and polystyrene may increase the strength of ZOE cement (2,3,4,5,6,7), such additives may have a deleterious effects on the film thickness and solubility (8,3,9) .Zinc oxide are mixed with eugenol the mix sets to a hard cement , it is supplied as a powder and liquid or two pasts system, Simple mixed of these plain tow materials harden in the mouth in about 12 hours (1) but did nothave great strength when compared with other types of cements (11,12), An attempt to achieve a convenient setting time and strength of cement changing the ratio of base to accelerator has been advocate (6,7,13).So generally recognized or as a company suggestion to improve the handling and physical properties (hardness) of commonly used temporary ZOE cement by combining it with a mixture of semisolid saturated hydrocarbons lubricant of petroleum jelly (14).Aim of Study: Comparing (in-vitro) the hardness of Zinc Oxide Eugenol cement before and after adding different amount of Petroleum jelly.
Pattern of Maxillo-Facial Fractures and Their Management in Iraqi Kurdistan Province
Authors: Hayder Dr. Ahmed Abdulla , Abdulla Dr. Hajer Ibrahim , Kotany Dr. Muneer Yousif
Published: August 2022

Forty three in-patients with Maxillo-facial fractures admitted to Rizgaree hospital in Arbil in the period from May 2007 to April 2008. Thirty seven males were affected and only 6 females were involved with a ratio of male: female ratio of 6.2 : 1.65 % of the patients belonged to 16 – 35 years age group .People with small businesses were the mostly affected group 39.5% . They mostly attended between June and August and on Saturday and Sundays and Wed8) Maxillofacial fractures sites related to gunshots.Figure 8 show the distribution of site of Maxillofacial fractures resulting from gunshots. There were only 4 patients involved in gunshots Maxillofacial fractures all of them were males . There were 10 fractures.Maxilla was mostly involved (40%) followed by zygoma (20%) and body of mandible (20%). One of the victims have lost a right eye .Fighting or assaults –involved only 2 patients, both were male and they had 2 zygomatic fractures on the left side..The most common cause of facial injures were falls and road traffic accidents followed by gunshots and fighting .The most common site of facial fractures in road accidents and assaults were left zygoma and maxilla (> 65 %) while with falls they were nearly equal ( 37.7 % and 31.1%) .Most of the cases were treated conservatively, and most of the surgical intervention was localized in zygomas with Gillies approach as the most common surgery (24.2%) performed.Occiptomented view was the most common X-ray taken (34.4%) because the majority of trauma was localized in the middle third.
Selected dental anomalies in Ramadi population (Clinical and radiographic survey)
Authors: Sami Dr. Ali Sami
Published: August 2022

The form, size, shade and time of eruption of teeth in humans show very wide variation among different population and some times within the same population. Anomalies like Dilaceration, Taurodontism and recently Talon cusp were a subject for a large number of studies, Studies related to such anomalies in our community are very little and for this reason, this current research is carried out to provide a quick view on the prevalence of these anomalies in our community. The sample of this research composed of 1908 teeth from them the prevalence of the selected dental anomalies were recorded. The results showed that the prevalence of these anomalies where found to be 7.52 % in the maxillary teeth and 7.35% in the mandibular teeth and these anomalies were more frequent in molars and lateral incisors than other teeth.
Salivary gland mucoceles: A clinical study of 103 cases
Authors: Shebeeb Dr.Adil H. , Muhsin Dr.Ali S.
Published: August 2022

Mucocele is a tissue swelling composed of pooled mucus that escaped into the connective tissue from a severed salivary excretory duct (extravasated).In the present study 103 cases of mucoceles reviewed from the records of patients at the Department of the Oral Pathology, faculty of Dentistry , Baghdad University over 11 years period ( 1982-1992). Mucoceles were statically analyzed according to age, gender , site of occurrence and type.It was found that a greater number of mucoceles cases 37(36%) occur in patients at 2nd decade of age followed by 29(28.2) of cases occurred in 3rd decade of age. Mucoceles were occurred more in males than females 57(55.2%) ,46 (44.8%),respectively.Lower lip was the predominant site for occurrence of mucocele 84(81.6%) followed by the floor of the mouth 12(11.7%).The most frequent type of mucocele was of extravasated type100(97.1%) whereas it was only 3(2.9%)for mucous retention type.Key words: Mucocele, Salivary gland cyst.
Clinical Management of an Unusual Case of Gingival Enlargement
Authors: Atrooshi Dr. Barzan Abdulwahab
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this article is to report a case of conditioned gingival enlargement managed by non surgical periodontal therapy. Hormones are specific regulatory molecules that modulate a host of body functions. Hormonal effects reflect physiologic and pathologic changes in almost all tissues of the body with the periodontium being no exception. Physiologic changes like puberty, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy cause hormonal variations that may cause inflammation of the gingiva. Oral contraceptives that contain estrogen and/or progesterone are associated with gingival enlargement.A 28-year-old female presented with a complaint of swelling of the gingiva with spontaneous bleeding in the maxillary anterior region for a period of one year. The health history documented the use of contraceptives for one year, and a clinical examination revealed the existence of poor oral hygiene and enlarged painful gingival tissues that bleed when touched.This case reaffirms the fact plaque control is the most important procedure in any periodontal therapy. Another factor contributing to the excellent response to therapy is patient compliance. The patient followed home care instructions well and was effective in personal oral hygiene measures.
A comparison between two methods of brushing on clinical periodontal parameters in patients with fixed orthodontic appliance
Authors: Sadiq Dr. Suhad M. A. , Badea Dr. Raed A.
Published: August 2022

Fifty four orthodontic patients wearing upper and lower fixed appliances were assigned either an electric tooth brush or a manual tooth brush. Each patient was instructed and trained on the proper use of the allocated brush. Clinical parameters included (Plaque index, Gingival index and Eastman interdental bleeding index) were measured at base line, at 4 weeks and at 8 weeks. Data for each group were analyzed using paired t-test.Patients using electric tooth brush and manual one showed a significant reduction in all clinical parameters at 4 and 8 weeks, but the reduction of the values of all parameters in electric brush group is higher than in manual group and the difference is statically significant.The present study concluded that electric tooth brush is real alternative to the often laborious manual tooth cleaning procedures used during active appliance therapy.
Chromatographic determination of salivary amoxicillin trihydrate concentration in healthy Iraqi volunteers
Authors: Sami Dr. Ali Sami
Published: August 2022

Amoxicillin have been widely described by dentists in Iraq, especially in treatment of periodontal and other oral bacterial infections. Amoxicillin is the 4-hydroxy analogue of ampicillin and is used in a similar variety of susceptible infections. Clinical pharmacology of amoxicillin in saliva was not sufficiently studied on normal subjects or patients required amoxicillin treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the amoxicillin concentration in saliva by using an efficient, low cost and reproducible method. The obtained results from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method revealed that salivary concentration of amoxicillin ranged from 0.22 to 0.44 μg. / ml. The HPLC method was proved to be a successful method for monitoring the amoxicillin in saliva with a detection limit reached to 0.08 μg/ml. It is important to suggest further study to know the therapeutic effect of amoxicillin through saliva against certain oral lesions.
Hypodontia in Iraqi people
Authors: Ibraheem Dr Manahel Muhamad Husain
Published: August 2022

The most common congenital missing teeth are the upper lateral incisors. This study is performed to find the frequency of missing upper laterals in the young adult Iraqis and to assess their orthodontic treatment. The sample consists of twenty patients with hypodontia of upper lateral incisors (right and left) out of a thousand patients examined for three years in the orthodontic clinic of the Institute of Medical Technology. Gender distribution for patients was 15 females and 5 males. Age distribution for patients ranged from 15 to 25 years. Full record for the hypodontic patients included: photographs, panoramic x-rays and casts taken before and after orthodontic treatment. The treatment by space closure took more orthodontic treatment time and retention period than by space opening and prosthodontic treatment. The frequency of missing upper lateral incisors is 2% (consisting of 1.5% for females and 0.5% for males).