bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histoire des philosophies et des théologies de l’occident médiéval
Authors: Grellard Christophe
Published: May 2020

Le séminaire a d’abord clos un dossier ouvert l’année passée, celui des Collationes d’Abélard. La lecture suivie du texte a permis de montrer comment celui-ci ressort très certainement d’une production à Saint-Gildas, avant le retour d’Abélard à Paris. Abélard s’y montre soucieux de promouvoir une religion intellectualisée fondée sur un rapport direct à Dieu. Dans un second temps, nous avons ouvert un second dossier consacré au concept d’ignorance invincible, et aux réflexions sur les excuses possibles de l’hétérodoxie. Ce dossier s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus large sur les conditions intellectuelles de la modernité. Enfin, en collaboration avec Jean Celeyrette (UMR 8519), nous avons consacré une partie du séminaire à l’étude des débats de logique, d’épistémologie et de philosophie naturelle à Paris vers 1340.
Religions et relations internationales
Authors: Zuber Valentine
Published: May 2020

Pour la deuxième année du séminaire « Religions et relations internationales », le thème choisi était l’évolution de la notion de blasphème depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours, dans la sphère occidentale, puis mondiale.
Les droits de l’Homme dans la pensée shi’ite contemporaine (suite)
Authors: Arminjon Constance
Published: May 2020

L’année précédente, nous avions observé l’émergence de questionnements sur les droits de l’Homme au sein du clergé shi’ite. Nous avions situé ces interrogations dans l’histoire des débats doctrinaux qui ont accompagné la modernisation du droit dans les pays du monde shi’ite depuis le milieu du xixe siècle, en distinguant les droits étatiques et le droit savant shi’ite (fiqh) – droit islamique stricto sensu. Alors que des clercs d’Iraq et du Liban ont contribué au renouvellement de la pensée juridique, seuls des clercs d’Iran ont entrepris de confronter leur tradition juridique aux principes des droits de l’Homme. Il nous restait cette année à étudier les œuvres des auteurs qui se sont engagés dans cette réflexion.
La pragmatique des dieux aztèques
Authors: Dehouve Danièle
Published: May 2020

Comment reconnaître un dieu ? Les conférences de l’an dernier ont envisagé le problème en ce qui concerne la nomination – c’est-à-dire les noms des dieux – et l’iconographie – c’est-à-dire les attributs, ornements et parures dont ils étaient recouverts. Elles ont débouché sur une série de questionnements : Y avait-il des noms et des attributs spécifiquement attribués à un dieu ? Ou l’ensemble des parures d’une divinité devait-il être lu comme un texte parlant de ses multiples fonctions ? Comment expliquer que plusieurs dieux aient partagé les mêmes attributs ? Les conférences de la présente année universitaire (2015-2016) ont traité de ces questions et, dans le but de porter dès à présent à la connaissance du milieu académique une première série de résultats de ces réflexions collectives, plusieurs articles ont été rédigés dont la parution est prévue dans un numéro de la revue franco-mexicaine Trace intitulé Les dieux aztèques.
Religions en Mésoamérique
Authors: Peperstraete Sylvie
Published: May 2020

Les Relations géographiques sont des réponses, par les autorités coloniales locales de l’Amérique espagnole, à un questionnaire standardisé élaboré à Madrid, destiné à récolter des descriptions détaillées de toutes les possessions espagnoles d’outre-mer. Sous l’impulsion de Juan de Ovando y Godoy, visiteur du Conseil des Indes, Juan López de Velasco fut nommé chroniqueur-cosmographe royal en 1571 et, en 1577, il envoyait en Amérique le questionnaire qui allait être à l’origine des Relations géographiques compilées entre 1578 et 1586. Le séminaire 2016-2017 a été consacré à l’étude des données sur les religions mésoaméricaines préhispaniques que renferment ces Relations géographiques. En effet, contrairement à ce que leur dénomination peut laisser penser, elles ne traitent pas uniquement de géographie.
Aśvaghoṣa, poète du bouddhisme indien :sources, thèmes et arguments (II)
Authors: Eltschinger Vincent
Published: May 2020

Durant l’année 2016-2017, nous avons poursuivi notre examen des œuvres d’Aśvaghoṣa, moine, poète et dramaturge bouddhiste du ier ou du iie siècle de notre ère. Tandis que la conférence de l’année précédente avait porté surtout sur l’affiliation « sectaire » d’Aśvaghoṣa, les légendes biographiques attachées à son nom et son historiographie (1830-1930 environ, soit jusqu’aux éditions de E. H. Johnston), celle de l’année 2016-2017 a été consacrée à deux thèmes corrélés, le saṃsāra ou « cycle de la transmigration/existence », et la royauté.
Étrangère et ancestrale,la Mère des dieux dans le monde romain
Authors: Haeperen Françoise Van
Published: May 2020

La Mère des dieux, Cybèle, a été honorée pendant plus d’un millénaire, dans tout le bassin méditerranéen, bien au-delà de sa Phrygie natale. Accompagnée de lions, elle suscite le respect, insuffle l’effroi, voire provoque la folie de certains de ses dévots. Cette divinité a fasciné les Anciens comme les Modernes. Les mythes liés à la déesse, les origines de son culte, sa réception, son développement et ses transformations dans les mondes grec, hellénistique puis romain ont ainsi suscité une bibliographie abondante […]
L’Évangile selon Thomas à la croisée des identités
Authors: Gagné André
Published: May 2020

De tous les textes découverts à Nag Hammadi, l’Évangile selon Thomas (ÉvTh) est sans doute celui qui a reçu le plus d'attention. Lors de notre séjour à l’EPHE, nous avons entrepris quatre sessions d’études sur les thèmes suivants : 1. Découverte de l’ÉvTh et état de la recherche ; 2. Lecture et interprétation de l’ÉvTh ; 3. Choc des identités juives et chrétiennes dans l’ÉvTh ; 4. Un nouveau milieu de production de l’ÉvTh : le monachisme égyptien au IVe siècle.
La pensée juive en France après 1945 : les colloques des intellectuels juifs de langue française et la question de « l’être-juif » (V. Jankélévitch, M. Blanchot)
Authors: Nordmann Sophie
Published: May 2020

Dans la continuité du séminaire 2015-2016, qui avait porté sur la renaissance de la pensée juive en France, au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, autour de l’École juive de Paris, et sur la genèse de ce mouvement de pensée dans la constitution de groupes clandestins d’études juives pendant la guerre, une série de séances a été consacrée cette année à l’une des institutions dans lesquelles s’est incarnée de manière privilégiée la pensée juive française contemporaine. Il s’agit des Colloques des intellectuels juifs de langue française, dont nous avons étudié les premiers développements, à la fin des années 1950. Nous avons abordé en détail le premier colloque, et porté une attention particulière à la réflexion philosophique qui s’y développe autour de la question de l’être-juif. La conférence prononcée par Vladimir Jankélévitch et les débats qu’elle a suscités ont fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie, que nous avons souhaité prolonger en la mettant en regard des textes que consacre Maurice Blanchot, à la même époque, à l’être-juif et au judaïsme.
Квадратичные законы сохранения уравнений математической физики
Authors: Kozlov Valery Vasil'evich
Published: May 2020

В работе изучаются линейные системы дифференциальных уравнений в гильбертовом пространстве, которые допускают первый интеграл в виде положительно определeнной квадратичной формы. Основное внимание уделено трeм взаимосвязанным вопросам: существованию других квадратичных интегралов, свойству гамильтоновости линейной системы, а также еe полной интегрируемости. Для невырожденных линейных систем в конечномерном пространстве на все эти вопросы известны практически исчерпывающие ответы. Результаты общего характера применяются к линейным эволюционным уравнениям математической физики: волновому уравнению, уравнению Лиувилля, уравнениям Максвелла и Шрeдингера.
Библиография: 60 названий.
Термодинамические средние для модели Изинга и спектральные инварианты тeплицевых матриц
Authors: Kaplitskii Vitalii Markovich
Published: May 2020

Выведена общая формула, дающая представление статистической суммы одномерной модели Изинга для системы $N$ частиц в виде явно заданного функционала от спектральных инвариантов конечных подматриц некоторой бесконечной тeплицевой матрицы. Получено асимптотическое представление статистической суммы при больших $N$, которое может быть основой для точного вычисления некоторых термодинамических средних, например удельной свободной энергии, в случае общего трансляционно-инвариантного спинового взаимодействия (необязательно лишь между ближайшими соседями). Получены верхняя и нижняя оценки статистической суммы в плоскости комплексной переменной $\beta$ ($\beta$ - обратная температура), и рассмотрены условия, при которых эти оценки асимптотически эквивалентны при $N\to\infty $.
Sexual Aversion
Authors: Tudose Popa Corina-Mihaela
Published: May 2020

Sexual aversion is a phobic reaction often involving trauma, not necessarily related to sexual abuse or rape. It consists of avoidance of sex related stimuli that have been associated by the patient with distressing experiences. It leads to sexual dysfunction for either male or female, and it can have a tremendous impact on a person’s life. This article investigates the etiology, evolution and factors the construct implies and explores some treatment considerations.
Objectum sexuality or objectophilia
Authors: Domnita Mihaela Kabiry
Published: May 2020

“Loving Objects” a category of peoples that explores the formation of a newly named sexual orientation, also called objectum-sexuality (OS), are the one who openly declare their desire for objects, loving the objects not like a fetishism, like a amorous partners, even life partners. The fallow material examines some aspects regarding OS behaviour, how they interact in the online environment with the rest of the world, how they perceive sexual intimacy and what rights they demand, the fact that it represents a non-specific paraphilia and that it has links with autism and synesthesia. Numerous studies (Delcea C, & Siserman C,) confirm our results.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kendali Berbasis Logika Fuzzy pada Pengendalian Eksitasi Generator Sinkron
Authors: Sudjoko Rifdian i , Margono Margono
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini menguraikan implementasi suatu sistem kendali yang berbasis logika fuzzy pada pengendalian tegangan keluaran generator dengan sumber eksitasi konverter AC-DC PWM. Logika fuzzy digunakan untuk menentukan besarnya sinyal control komparator PWM sehingga diperoleh lebar pulsa switching bagi komponen konverter daya sumber eksitasi. Prototipe sistem pengendalian diwujudkan melalui perangkat keras yang terdiri dari generator, sistem eksitasi PWM dan kontroler logika fuzzy yang direalisasikan melalui pemrograman Visual Basic pada PC.. Nilai tegangan output dari generator adalah 383 Vline-to-line dengan nilai tegangan eksitasi sebesar 84.5 Vdc untuk kondisi tanpa beban. Duty cycle yang diperlukan adalah 37.2% dengan frekuensi switching sebesar 15 kHz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan sistem kendali ini untuk menjaga nilai tegangan keluaran generator pada nilai yang diinginkan (setting) untuk berbagai variasi pembebanan maupun variasi putaran penggerak mula.
Optimization of Cellulase Enzyme Production by Co-cultures of Fungi Isolated from Lignocellulosic Waste
Authors: John V Francis , P A Dr. Soloman
Published: May 2020

Fruit wastes were incubated with the mixture of cellulolytic fungi Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus oryzae,
and Trichoderma viride to hydrolyze the cellulosic components and to increase the degree of degradation. .
The batch experiments are statistically designed and performed using Box-Benhken method of Response
Surface Methodology to investigate the influence of major parameters viz., incubation time, temperature, pH,
moisture content and substrate concentration on cellulase enzyme production. Maximum cellulase production
of 2.03 Units/ml (U/ml) was detected by the RSM method in a mixed culture containing fungi at a ratio of 1: 1:
1 under optimal conditions at an incubation time of 5.27 days, a temperature of 34.09 °C, pH 4.85, moisture
content of 63.83% and a substrate concentration of 5.03%.
Emerging Public Health Concern and Air Pollution: A Case Study of Delhi’s Air Pollution Governance
Authors: Rajpoot Dr. Subhadra , Pratap Singh Devang
Published: May 2020

Air Pollution is a major concern in today’s scenarios as it is leading to serious health hazards and also
retrograding our environment. In recent times there has been a rapid increase in various health factors which
has affected lives at a very vast scale. Talking about air pollution in cities like Delhi and other metro cities
where air pollution is at its peak. Talking about Delhi which is sometimes also referred as ‘Gas Chamber’ has
been a research model for managing risk and controlling air pollution in mounting and towards making
Delhi's environment healthy. In this research paper we are trying to understand air pollution governance as a
means of risk management. Delhi which follows multi-level governance where public health emergencies in
recent times, keeping public trust doctrine as the conceptual basis to look at governance. Delhi traversing as
National Capital Territory can be considered as a victim of the Air Pollution and its consequent impacts. The
lack of integrated approach in Delhi for risk governance has made this process multifaceted and a
challenging task. This study can enlighten us on emergence of public health concerns due to air pollution and
its governance, keeping in consideration it has not kept an equal balance even with the backing of legislative
measures and intervention of court laws. Due to increasing air pollution levels in the city, right to Life and
right to a Healthy Environment are being violated from which the levels of air quality continues to be poor.
Lastly for which good governance is required in order to reduce the same at this pandemic.
Pensar infraestructuralmente
Authors: Sánchez Criado Tomás
Published: May 2020

Ensayo celebratorio de la publicación del libro de Mongili, A. y Pellegrino, G., eds., 2014. "Information Infrastructure(s): Boundaries, Ecologies, Multiplicity". Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars
Contenedores que vomitan recogedores
Authors: Albalat i Gimeno Roc
Published: May 2020

Este artículo examina las estrategias dirigidas a programar el acceso al espacio público mediante el diseño de mobiliario urbano. Con este fin, se parte del estudio del contenedor de reciclaje, atendiendo al modo en que el diseño de dichos dispositivos opera como mecanismo regulador de las economías informales a través de los cuerpos de los recolectores de metal. A continuación, se ofrece un mapeo de los objetos implementados en el espacio urbano, cuyo diseño está dirigido a impedir la interacción con determinas formas de vida. El artículo explora criterios e instrumentos para una teoría crítica de los lenguajes de diseño, identificando los procesos que ponen a funcionar un producto bajo una lógica operativa excluyente. Finalmente, se presentan casos de estudio que permiten pensar el diseño como un campo de simulación estética en libre juego: que no se centra en impedir las conexiones, sino en recuperar los objetos técnicos para el uso común.
Diseño y posverdad
Authors: Marzo Jorge Luis , Brusadin Bani
Published: May 2020

El actual debate sobre la posverdad  -o la multiverdad- acaso solo puede enunciarse desde una exploración de la competencia pública de los discursos; cómo éstos adquieren o pierden la capacidad de articular espacios representativos de enunciación colectiva vinculante. La posverdad tiene que ver pues con un querelle sobre el lenguaje planteada a partir del triunfo de ciertas tesis de tardocapitalismo: poner a todos emotivamente de acuerdo en la relatividad de la verdad.
Oleanane- and ursane- type triterpenoids from Eugenia grandis
Authors: Pillai Manoharan Karuppiah , Young David James
Published: May 2020

Arjunolic acid (an oleanane-type triterpenoid) and asiatic acid (an ursane-type triterpenoid) were obtained as an inseparable mixture from a chloroform extract of stem-bark of Eugenia grandis (Myrtaceae). They were characterised mainly by analysis of their spectral data. Arjunolic acid and asiatic acid are reported to have a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, which include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, cardiacprotective, antitumor, anticancer and hepatoprotective activities. Arjunolic acid has been used as a cardio-protective phytotonic in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries.
INVESTIGATION OF BRUCELLA TYPE BACTERIA IN MILK FROM TOKAT PROVINCE VILLAGES
Authors: RÜSTEMOĞLU HÜSNIYE , RÜSTEMOĞLU AYDIN , KARAMAN İSA
Published: May 2020

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella. The disease is located genital organs in the females of mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and pigs and cause to infertility, mastitis, preterm birth, placenta retention and metritis; in men it causes orchitis (gonorrhea inflammation). The bacteria can also spread from animals to humans and cause disease in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucellosis in milk collected from villages of Tokat province and districts.

For this purpose, 161 cows, 58 sheep and 33 goat milk samples were investigated by Brucellosis agent with Milk Ring Test (MRT) and direct sowing method. At the end of the study, 24 of 161 cow's milk, 20 of 58 sheep's milk and 5 of 33 goat's milk were found to be positive by MRT. Of the 252 raw milk samples, 49 (n = 19.41%) were positive for MRT. Brucella melitensis biotype 3 were isolated from the 2 milk samples after the culturing from 49 samples with positive MRT. It was determined that 2 milk samples isolated from Brucea belong to 2 different sheep from the same herd. Thus, Brucella was isolated in 0.79% of all studied samples, 4.08% of MRT positive samples and 3.45% of sheep milk samples.

As a result of our first study with milk collected from the villages and towns of Tokat province and districts, 19.41% of the samples were positive for MRT and 0.79% of the samples were isolated by direct planting method. Thus, in this study, it was determined that there is a certain amount of Bruceila agent in Tokat province and its districts and it shows that dairy products may pose a risk for Brucellosis.
Remembering Judi Voelkl Friend, extraordinary teacher, International scholar, and leader
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: May 2020

-
The recreational therapist’s role in treating delirium
Authors: Fitzsimmons, MS, GNP, ARNP Suzanne , Buettner, PhD, CTRS, LRT Linda L.
Published: May 2020

Delirium is a common syndrome in older adults especially for those in hospital and acute settings. Delirium is sometimes reversible; however, it is associated with increased mortality, increased hospital costs, and long-term cognitive and functional impairment. Fortunately if recognized early, it can be treated successfully without complications and declines in health and function. Delirium can also be prevented with identification of highrisk patients and the implementation of interventions. Because delirium may be underrecognized by physicians and nurses, routine screening for delirium should be part of comprehensive nursing care of older adults. Recognition of delirium is complicated as it may be difficult to differentiate delirium from dementia and depression. This article will review the risks, signs and symptoms, consequences, and assessment techniques for the detection of delirium in this population.
Perceived benefits of and attitudes about alcohol use among therapeutic recreation students
Authors: Yang, PhD, CTRS Heewon , Yi, PhD Hansook
Published: May 2020

A previous study1 found that therapeutic recreation (TR) students are more heavily engaged in a variety of alcohol-related activities than are other recreation major students. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to provide both educators in TR and TR professionals in practice with more information about alcohol use among TR students. First, this study examined the participants’ perceptions on the benefits of alcohol use. The study results were compared with the perceived benefits that are reported by other recreation students and general public in the United States. This study further examined beliefs and attitudes about alcohol use among TR students. As supplemental data, the participants’ attitudes were compared with those of other recreation students (ie, outdoor, community, and commercial).
Medical home: Where are recreation therapists?
Authors: Hoss, PhD, CTRS, FACHE, FDRT Mary Ann Keogh
Published: May 2020

-
Use of Wii™ with older adults: A potential new recreational therapy intervention to increase physical activity
Authors: Kim, BS Hyangmi , Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS Marieke
Published: May 2020

Because of increases in life expectancy, there is a greater focus on enhancing and maintaining quality of life for older adults. One method to improve quality of life is to increase everyday physical activity, and a new approach to this is through virtual reality video games such as the Nintendo Wii™. This is a new tool for recreational therapists to use, and preliminary evidence from several trials supports the claim that Wii™ intervention is beneficial. This article will review the benefits of physical activity for older adults, the obstacles keeping older adults from physical activity, the framework of physical activity according to self-efficacy theory and principles, and will apply the self-efficacy theory to examine the Wii™ as an assistive tool for use as physical activity, as well as the resulting implications for recreational therapy practice and research.
Independence through Community Access and Navigation in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders Part 1: Theoretical and practical foundations
Authors: Snethen, PhD, LRT/CTRS Gretchen , McCormick, PhD, CTRS Bryan P. , Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS Marieke
Published: May 2020

Negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are two symptomatic categories of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) that significantly impair functioning. Treatment for adults with SSDs continues to focus primarily on medication adherence and positive symptom reduction, despite the fact that medication has little impact on negative and cognitive symptoms within this population and, thus, little impact on improving community functioning. This two-part series presents an intervention developed to increase community participation in adults with SSDs. This article presents a comprehensive description of the functional impairments experienced by this population, framed within the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This article will also apply Self-Determination Theory to this population of adults with SSDs as a foundation to help this population increase community participation and successful integration.
Efficacy of an adaptive kayaking intervention for improving health-related quality of life among wounded, ill, and injured service members
Authors: Scherer, PT, PhD, NCS Matthew R. , Gade, PhD Daniel M. , Yancosek, PhD, OTR/L, CHT Kathleen E.
Published: May 2020

Adaptive sports are popular within military and civilian rehabilitation communities as a means to promote fitness, independence, self-efficacy, and return to participation in life roles. Although widely prescribed, there is little evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of such interventions. This study surveyed 40 wounded, ill, and injured active duty and veteran service members (SMs) who participated in a week-long adaptive kayaking program. Validated health-related quality of life instruments assessing physical and behavioral health domains following trauma were administered before and after participation in a week-long adaptive kayaking trip. Postintervention analysis of these measures revealed clinically significant improvements in depression (+7 percent), anxiety (+5 percent), posttraumatic stress disorder (+4 percent), and social interaction (+7 percent) subscales on the Trauma Outcome Profile (TOP) which trended toward, but did not achieve, statistical significance. Analysis of Veterans RAND (VR-12) data revealed a mean four-point improvement in participant mental health component summary (MCS) scores (p _ 0.05) following intervention indicating clinically and statistically significant improvement in behavioral health symptoms. No improvement was observed on the mean postintervention physical health component summary (PCS) score suggesting minimal short-term effects of kayaking on self-assessment of physical well-being. In aggregate, findings from this study suggest that adaptive kayaking may be an effective intervention to remediate behavioral health sequelae commonly experienced by SM following trauma. Future research should explore the effectiveness of adaptive kayaking relative to standard of care clinical rehabilitation strategies to optimize physical as well as mental health outcomes.
Physiological effects of a technology-based music-making program in skilled nursing residents
Authors: Lyons, BS, CTRS Brigid , Nelson, PhD, CTRS Rhonda , Hsieh, PhD, CTRS Pei-Chun
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a technology-based music-making intervention (the Beamz) in elevating heart rate and producing a relaxation response in skilled nursing home residents. Using a quasi-experimental counterbalanced design, results indicated that this brief intervention produced a statistically significant elevation in heart rate and systolic blood pressure when played at a fast tempo. Heart rate was also significantly elevated when slow tempo music was used. In addition, participants reported a statistically lower level of relaxation following the slow tempo session and expressed that they found this new activity intervention enjoyable. Implications of findings and future research possibilities using technology-based music-making interventions in recreation therapy practice are discussed.
Winter 2013
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: May 2020

Volume 12, Number 1
Evaluating client perceptions to improve service delivery: Individualized attention to address disabilities
Authors: Ratnapradipa, PhD Kendra L. , Abrams, PhD Thereasa E. , Read, MA, CTRS Chris J.
Published: May 2020

A nonprofit organization providing outdoor adaptive therapeutic recreational services routinely administered a customer satisfaction survey to participants. This study analyzed the quantitative and qualitative responses to assess how well participant perceptions reflected the organization’s stated mission to enhance “the quality of life for people with disabilities.” Overall, responses supported the mission, reflecting expressions of empowerment and independence through supportive challenges. Individual responses also reflected a positive, people-centered organizational culture. Another recurrent theme was the importance of individualized adaptations in programing and equipment. Participants also identified areas for improvement. Although not required for funding, nonprofit therapeutic recreation organizations can benefit from formal program evaluation processes which incorporate participant feedback.
The missing recreational therapy facilitation technique; sexual health
Authors: Piatt, PhD, CTRS Jennifer Ann
Published: May 2020

-
The conundrum of exercise for older men in TR settings
Authors: Ihm, BS Kiana , Mobily, CTRS, PhD Kenneth E.
Published: May 2020

The purposes of this study were to determine how older men distinguished exercise from being physically active and to identify motives for exercising. Subjects were interviewed using a prepared script. They were encouraged to talk about how they characterized their exercise and physical activity (PA). Several themes emerged after transcripts were reviewed, including a tendency for men to engage in PA and exercise alone, a clear distinction between exercise and PA, and the primacy of psychological and mental benefits as motives for exercise. Comparisons were drawn between the male subjects in the present study and qualitative studies using older women as subjects, with some interesting gender contrasts apparent. The article ends with implications for practitioners.
Children’s Healing Center involvement reduces social isolation and loneliness among immunocompromised children and their family members
Authors: Luchies, PhD Laura B. , Barbour, BS Amanda L. , Anderson, BA Samantha R.
Published: May 2020

Because they must avoid environments in which they are exposed to pathogens, children with a weakened immune system and their family members are at risk of experiencing social isolation and loneliness. Social isolation and loneliness predict many negative mental and physical health outcomes and are notable mortality risk factors. Therefore, the overall health of immunocompromised children and their family members would be promoted by avoiding exposure to pathogens while being afforded the opportunity to socialize and interact with others. The Children’s Healing Center (CHC) is a recreational facility designed to meet this crucial need of children, adolescents, and young adults with weakened immune systems and their family members. Findings from focus groups and surveys of people who have been involved with CHC, including immunocompromised adolescents and young adults and parents of immunocompromised children, provide initial evidence of CHC’s effectiveness at reducing social isolation and loneliness. By extension, CHC involvement would be expected to buffer the negative mental and physical health effects of social isolation and loneliness.
Volume 18, Number 3
Authors: Recreation Therapy American Journal of
Published: May 2020

-
Volume 18, Number 4
Authors: Recreation Therapy American Journal of
Published: May 2020

-
Assessing the temporal scale of deep-sea mining impacts on sediment biogeochemistry
Authors: Haffert Laura , Haeckel Matthias , de Stigter Henko , Janssen Felix
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules is expected to have
severe environmental impacts because not only nodules but also benthic
fauna and the upper reactive sediment layer are removed through the mining
operation and blanketed by resettling material from the suspended sediment
plume. This study aims to provide a holistic assessment of the
biogeochemical recovery after a disturbance event by applying prognostic
simulations based on an updated diagenetic background model and validated against novel data on microbiological processes. It was found that the recovery strongly
depends on the impact type; complete removal of the reactive surface
sediment reduces benthic release of nutrients over centuries, while
geochemical processes after resuspension and mixing of the surface sediment
are near the pre-impact state 1 year after the disturbance. Furthermore, the
geochemical impact in the DISturbance and reCOLonization (DISCOL) experiment area would be mitigated to some degree by a
clay-bound Fe(II)-reaction layer, impeding the downward diffusion of oxygen,
thus stabilizing the redox zonation of the sediment during transient
post-impact recovery. The interdisciplinary (geochemical, numerical and
biological) approach highlights the closely linked nature of benthic
ecosystem functions, e.g. through bioturbation, microbial biomass and
nutrient fluxes, which is also of great importance for the system recovery.
It is, however, important to note that the nodule ecosystem may never
recover to the pre-impact state without the essential hard substrate and will
instead be dominated by different faunal communities, functions and
services.
Spatial and temporal variability in the response of phytoplankton and prokaryotes to B-vitamin amendments in an upwelling system
Authors: Joglar Vanessa , Prieto Antero , Barber-Lluch Esther , Hernández-Ruiz Marta , Fernández Emilio , Teira Eva
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We experimentally evaluated the temporal (interday and
interseason) and spatial variability in microbial plankton responses to
vitamin B12 and/or B1 supply (solely or in combination with inorganic
nutrients) in coastal and oceanic waters of the northeast Atlantic Ocean.
Phytoplankton and, to a lesser extent, prokaryotes were strongly limited by
inorganic nutrients. Interday variability in microbial plankton responses
to B vitamins was limited compared to interseason variability, suggesting
that B-vitamin availability might be partially controlled by factors
operating at seasonal scale. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and
prokaryote biomass (PB) significantly increased after B-vitamin amendments
in 13 % and 21 %, respectively, of the 216 cases (36 experiments × 6 treatments). Most of these positive responses were produced by
treatments containing either B12 solely or B12 combined with B1 in oceanic
waters, which was consistent with the significantly lower average vitamin-B12 ambient concentrations compared to that in the coastal station. Negative
responses, implying a decrease in Chl a or PB, represented 21 % for
phytoplankton and 26 % for prokaryotes. Growth stimulation by B1 addition
was more frequent on prokaryotes than in phytoplankton, suggesting that B1
auxotrophy in the sampling area could be more widespread in prokaryotes than
in phytoplankton. Negative responses to B vitamins were generalized in
coastal surface waters in summer and were associated with a high contribution
of Flavobacteriales to the prokaryote community. This observation suggests
that the external supply of B12 and/or B1 may promote negative interactions
between microbial components when B-vitamin auxotrophs are abundant. The
microbial response patterns to B12 and/or B1 amendments were significantly
correlated with changes in the prokaryotic community composition,
highlighting the pivotal role of prokaryotes in B-vitamin cycling in marine
ecosystems.
Rivers as linear elements in landform evolution models
Authors: Hergarten Stefan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Models of detachment-limited fluvial erosion have a long history in
landform evolution modeling in mountain ranges. However, they suffer
from a scaling problem when coupled to models of hillslope processes
due to the flux of material from the hillslopes into the rivers.
This scaling problem causes a strong dependence of the resulting
topographies on the spatial resolution of the grid. A few attempts based on the river width
have been made in order to avoid the scaling problem, but none of them
appear to be completely satisfying. Here a new scaling approach
is introduced that is based on the size of the hillslope areas in
relation to the river network. An analysis of several simulated drainage
networks yields a power-law scaling relation for the fluvial incision term
involving the threshold catchment size where fluvial erosion starts and the mesh width.
The obtained scaling relation is consistent with the concept of the steepness index
and does not rely on any specific properties of the model for the hillslope
processes.
Uncovering the shortcomings of a weather typing method
Authors: Van Uytven Els , De Niel Jan , Willems Patrick
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In recent years many methods for statistical downscaling of the precipitation climate model outputs have been developed. Statistical downscaling is performed under general and method-specific (structural) assumptions but those are rarely evaluated simultaneously. This paper illustrates the verification and evaluation of the downscaling assumptions for a weather typing method. Using the observations and outputs of a global climate model ensemble, the skill of the method is evaluated for precipitation downscaling in central Belgium during the winter season (December to February). Shortcomings of the studied method have been uncovered and are identified as biases and a time-variant predictor–predictand relationship. The predictor–predictand relationship is found to be informative for historical observations but becomes inaccurate for the projected climate model output. The latter inaccuracy is explained by the increased importance of the thermodynamic processes in the precipitation changes. The results therefore question the applicability of the weather typing method for the case study location. Besides the shortcomings, the results also demonstrate the added value of the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship for precipitation amount scaling. The verification and evaluation of the downscaling assumptions are a tool to design a statistical downscaling ensemble tailored to end-user needs.
Positive Youth Development Through Leisure: Confronting the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ettekal Andrea Vest , Agans Jennifer P.
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption in the lives of millions of people, including children and adolescents. Youth out-of-school time (OST) programs are essential ecological assets and their disruption during the pandemic may have a major impact on youth developmental pathways. Youth programs are one of the primary ways to promote positive youth development (PYD) and, in turn, develop healthy and thriving young adults who contribute positively to society. The pandemic raises the question of how to sustain developmentally oriented forms of youth leisure in times of crisis and, especially, how to support youth with few resources. Although there is considerable scientific evidence regarding the promotion of PYD through OST programs (e.g., sport, clubs, youth groups), public health initiatives to control the pandemic also curtail the delivery of such programs. Nevertheless, research on youth programs can be applied to help support PYD during the pandemic. In this commentary, we review key elements contributing to the effectiveness of youth development programs and provide ideas for how to sustain, adapt, and create these elements and bring them into unstructured leisure settings in the face of the pandemic. In doing so, we highlight particular challenges to implementation, surmise who may be most at risk, and present potential opportunities afforded by the unique situation. Throughout, we highlight innovative examples of adaptation exhibited in affected communities. We conclude with a call to action for researchers and practitioners to unite efforts to support PYD through leisure even in the face of crisis.
As políticas de desenvolvimento entre a sedução e a sedação
Authors: Radomsky Guilherme F. Waterloo
Published: May 2020

O trabalho analisa a relação entre agricultores ecologistas e o Estado no oeste de Santa Catarina através da ação de mediadores. Dois aspectos desta conexão são examinados. Primeiramente, o espaço de atuação e o poder dos mediadores estabelecendo articulações entre os diferentes níveis da ação estatal (federal, estadual e local) e as organizações. Em segundo lugar, o tema do desenvolvimento e do Estado na condução de políticas e programas de intervenção. Resultados de pesquisa de campo de orientação etnográfica – conduzida entre 2008 e 2009 – sustentam, por um lado, que os mediadores possuem papel capital ao preencherem espaços potencialmente dinâmicos, estabelecendo relações e construindo formas de promoção da agricultura. De outro lado, a investigação mostra que, a partir deste amálgama de relações, o Estado é interpretado de modo ambivalente entre o desejo e a repulsa por parte dos agricultores, portanto cobrado por ações e simultaneamente avaliado por intervenções problemáticas.
The 1727 Statutes of Herrnhut
Authors: Peucker Paul
Published: May 2020

In 1727 Zinzendorf issued two regulatory documents for the community of Herrnhut, the Manorial Commandments and the Brotherly Agreement, that regulated civic affairs and spiritual matters for the new town and defined the settlement as a Philadelphian community. Here an English translation of these two documents, together with the German original, is presented. The edition and translation are based on the original manuscript versions of both the Manorial Commandments and the Brotherly Agreement as found in the Unity Archives in Herrnhut, Germany.
Comparison of open reduction and internal fixation with total elbow arthroplasty for intra-articular distal humeral fractures in older age: a retrospective study
Authors: Jong Seok Baik , Sung Hyun Lee , Kang Hyun Tak , Song Tae Hyun , Kim Jeong Woo
Published: May 2020

Background: Intra-articular distal humeral fractures can be surgically challenging. It remains under discussion whether open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is more beneficial for treatment of the elderly. This study aimed to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of ORIF and TEA for managing intra-articular distal humerus fractures in patients aged 65 years or older.Methods: Patients who underwent ORIF (n=28) or TEA (n=43) for in intra-articular distal humerus fracture between May 2008 and December 2018 were reviewed. Range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, radiologic outcomes, and surgical complications were evaluated at the final follow-up visit.Results: The ORIF and TEA groups showed a mean arc of flexion–extension of 97°±21° and 101°±12°, respectively. The mean MEPS and DASH scores were 94±15 and 27±12 points, respectively, in the ORIF group and 81±27 and 47±28 points in the TEA group. This difference was statistically significant. The incidence of total complications was similar between the groups.Conclusions: In patients older than 65 years with intra-articular distal humerus fracture, ORIF had better outcomes than TEA.
Pollution level and risk assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge from eight wastewater treatment plants in Wuhu City, China
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Huang Yuee , Zhou Shu , Wei Liangchen , Guo Zhiyuan , Li Jinchun
Published: May 2020

Aim of study: To investigate the content, contamination levels and potential sources of five heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, As) in sewage sludge from eight wastewater treatment plants (W1 to W8).Area of study: Wuhu, located in southeastern Anhui Province, southeastern China.Material and methods: The sewage sludge pollution assessment employed the single-factor pollution index, Nemerow’s synthetic pollution index, monomial potential ecological risk coefficient and potential ecological risk index. The potential sources among the five heavy metals were determined using the Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).Main results: The mean concentrations of the heavy metals were 0.27 mg/kg (Hg), 70.78 mg/kg (Pb), 3.48 mg/kg (Cd), 143.65 mg/kg (Cr) and 22.17 mg/kg (As). W1, W5 and W6 sewage sludge samples showed the highest levels of heavy metal contamination, and cadmium had the highest contamination level in the study area. Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA revealed that Pb and Cd mainly derived from traffic emissions and the manufacturing industry and that As and Cr originated from agricultural discharges.Research highlights: The pollution of cadmium in Wuhu should be controlled preferentially. The heavy metal pollution of W1, W5 and W6 sewage treatment plants is relatively high, they should be key prevention targets.
Analyzing the Content of Reading Texts Questions in Flying High for Saudi Arabia
Authors: Barashid Majed
Published: May 2020

This study aimed at analyzing the cognitive levels of the wh-questions following the reading texts in the Students’ Book of Flying High for Saudi Arabia One. A Checklist based on the revised cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy was the instrument used to categorize the cognitive levels of these questions and to determine to what extent they are included properly in the Student’s Book of Flying High for Saudi Arabia One. The main findings revealed that the wh-questions following the reading texts which are included in the textbook under analysis were not properly included. Also, the authors of the textbook overemphasized the lower thinking skills and neglected higher thinking skills. Such study is recommended to shed light upon the role of the other series of Flying High for Saudi Arabia in developing cognitive skills among secondary Saudi students.
General Legal Limits of the Application of the Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems within the Purview of International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Dremliuga Roman
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on the problem of regulation of the application of the autonomous weapons systems from the perspective of the norms and principles of international humanitarian law. The article discusses the question of what restrictions are imposed on the application of such weapons in the international humanitarian law. The article presents a number of principles that must be met by both the weapons and their method of their application: distinction between civilians and combatants, military necessity, proportionality, prohibition on causing unnecessary suffering, and humanity.

The author concludes that from the perspective of the principles of the international humanitarian law, it is doubtful if autonomous systems would be able to comply with these principles. Weapons that hit targets without human intervention have been applied for a long time, but they have never had the independence that they have now. The issue of compliance of autonomous weapons systems with the international humanitarian law can be considered if sufficient experience of application of such weapons in real conditions is accumulated.

This study demonstrates that it is impossible to say that autonomous weapons systems do not comply with the principles of humanitarian law in general. The paper provides policy recommendations and assessments for each of the principles under consideration. The author also concludes that it would be necessary not to prohibit autonomous weapons, because they do not comply with the principles of international humanitarian law, but to develop rules for their application and for human participation in their functioning. A significant challenge to the development of such rules is the opacity of these autonomous weapons systems, if we look at them as at the complex intelligent computer systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Enforcement: Epistemological Analysis
Authors: Ovchinnikov Alexey I. , Mamychev Alexey Yu. , Yatsenko Tatiana S. , Kravchenko Artur , Kolesnikov Yuri A.
Published: May 2020

The presented study examines the epistemological and philosophical and legal problems of the introduction of artificial intelligence systems in law enforcement. The article discusses the problematic implementation and use of artificial intelligence to automate the enforcement process, the judiciary and public administration. It is shown that the latter is considered without taking into account a key factor - the specifics of the intellectual process of bringing the general norm to a particular case. The authors show that for artificial intelligence systems, the contextuality of the principles of law is not achievable, while it is extremely necessary in law enforcement. In AI, contextual intellectual procedures cannot be programmed, since the ratio between the norm and the context of its interpretation involves a break through the hermeneutic circle in which the norm is a part and the context of the norm (industry principles) is a whole. The limited possibilities of using artificial intelligence systems in justice are also discussed, it is proved that digitalization in this area will be only instrumental in nature, and the administrative functions of robotic technologies are quite problematic and generally ineffective in the spiritual, moral and ethical dimension.