bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STAURÓS
Authors: Gielen Harry
Published: December 2021

Certamente muitos conhecem os monumentais afrescos do pintor mexicano José Clemente Orozco, cujo centenário de nascimento comemoramos este ano. Os quadros inspiram-se numa representação extraordinária, sem igual na iconografia: o Homem das Dores que, voltando a um mundo cheio de assassinatos e opressões, destrói a golpes de machado a própria cruz. No fundo, os símbolos das diversas culturas, esmagados por inúmeros apetrechos de guerra. O Salvador, num gesto profético, dirige-se contra uma civilização que oferece guerra e opressão e corrompe o símbolo do seu amor...
Determinants of Dividend Payout Policies: Evidence from Airline Industry
Authors: KİRACI Kasım
Published: December 2021

The goal of this research is to uncover the financial factors that influence airline dividend payment policies. The panel data analysis method was used to analyze the financial data of 16 airlines from 2009 to 2018. In the study, the dividend payout of the airlines was used as the dependent variable. The independent variables of the study were determined as firm size, leverage ratio, tangible fixed assets, profitability level, market value, liquidity ratio, and corporate cash availability. The findings of the study reveal that in the airline industry, there is a strong link between corporate cash holdings and dividend payments. According to the findings, increased corporate cash availability results in a significant increase in dividend payments.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Aviation Industry
Authors: HEİETS Iryna , XİE Yibing
Published: December 2021

The impact of the pandemic is far from over, with most countries still grappling with whether and how to lift lockdowns and travel bans. The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on international aviation. First, a brief review of the literature regarding previous crises that affected the aviation industry in recent decades is provided. Next, utilising PEST (Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Technological factors) analysis, the influence of the pandemic on the aviation industry is investigated. The findings indicate that the aviation industry will enter a new round of the adjustment cycle, with the possibility of a large number of airlines going bankrupt, whilst others will need to reorganise, or be subject to merger with, or acquisition by, larger players in the sector. It would appear that the recovery of the aviation industry will be a long and slow process. Moreover, existing aviation business models may well need to be replaced by new ones, with airlines having to develop in the direction of unmanned and contactless service provision. The article is concluded with short-term and long-term recommendations for airlines regarding recovery of the demand for air travel.
The Effect of Stress on Job Satisfaction: A Study on Pilots
Authors: BAKANOĞLU Kaan
Published: December 2021

Aviation is a form of transportation that is developing rapidly. The rapidly growing aviation sector has started to be preferred by people because it is advantageous compared to other modes of transportation in terms of both time and passenger comfort. As people prefer aircrafts more as a means of transportation, airline companies have started to grow, have placed new aircraft orders and continue to give. However, the most important issue that will never be compromised in the face of this rapid growth is undoubtedly flight safety. Studies have shown that, the human factor is around 70% is affected the accidents and incidents in aviation. For this reason, the human factor is important in aviation, and everything from the working hours of the employees, the time to spend on the way to and from work, and even the rest time, has become a rule by international aviation organizations. For this reason, in this thesis, it is aimed to measure the stress levels of pilots, which are one of the most important parts of the aviation industry, to observe how their inner world is in business life and also to measure how these levels affect pilots' job satisfaction. As a result of the research, a significant relationship was found between the stress levels of the pilots and their job satisfaction levels.
Pilot Adaylarının Uçuş Okulu Seçim Davranışını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: TUNCER Bekir , KIZGIN Yıldıray
Published: December 2021

Havacılığın gelişimi ile doğru orantılı olarak uçaklara ve de pilotlara olan talep artmaktadır. Pilotluk; seyahat imkanı geniş olan, farklı kültürler tanıma ve birlikte çalışma fırsatı veren ve de maddi olarak tatmin edici ücretler kazandıran bir meslek olarak kariyer hedefleyen bireyler arasında cazibesini sürdürmektedir. Pilot olmak isteyen kişi sayısındaki artış uçuş okullarına olan talebi arttırmıştır. Pilot adaylarının uçuş okulu seçimlerini etkileyen kriterleri belirlemeye yönelik yapılan araştırma, eğitimine devam eden ve mezun olmuş pilotlardan oluşan 168 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucu uçuş okulu seçimini etkileyen kriterler 4 faktör altında 16 madde ile belirlenmiştir. Pilot adaylarının uçuş okulu seçim kriterleri arasında öne çıkan maddelerin eğitimin içeriği, uçuş öğretmenleri, eğitim uçakları ve eğitimi bitirmek için gerekli süre olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pilot adaylarının uçuş okulu seçim kriterlerinin tespit edilmesi, uçuş okullarının pazarlama stratejilerini oluşturmada yarar sağlayacaktır. Uçuş okullarına pazarlama stratejileri için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Reflexiones sobre el procedimiento especial para pueblos indígenas en el Sistema penal del Paraguay
Authors: Prieto Giménez Fulvia Esther , Melgarejo Raggini Jorge
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo analiza las prescripciones establecidas en el Título VI (Libro segundo) del Código Procesal Penal paraguayo sobre el procedimiento especial para los hechos punibles relacionados con pueblos indígenas, a la luz de los principios y estándares contenidos en las disposiciones constitucionales, las normativas internacionales ratificadas por nuestro país, y otros instrumentos de derechos humanos. Se presentan las consideraciones pertinentes sobre las actuaciones de los distintos participantes dentro del procedimiento penal, contemplando las especificidades que se deben tener en cuenta para garantizar un efectivo acceso a la justicia para los pueblos indígenas.
Production of green hydrogen by efficient and economic electrolysis of water with super-alloy nanowire type electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Linsheng
Published: December 2021

Green hydrogen production from the electrolysis of water has good application prospect due to its renewability. The applied voltage of 1.6-2.2V isrequired in the traditional actual water electrolysis process although the the oretical decomposition potential of electrolyzing water is 1.23V. The high overpotential in the electrode reaction results in the high energy-consuming for the water electrolysis processes. The overpotentials of the traditional Ru, Ir and Pt based electrocatalysts are respectively 0.3V, 0.4V and 0.5V, furthermore use of the Pt, Ir and Ru precious metal catalysts also result in high cost of the water electrolysis process. For minimizing the overpoten tials in water electrolysis, a novel super-alloy nanowire electrocatalysts have been discovered and developed for water splitting in the present pa per. It is of significance that the overpotential for the water electrolysis on the super-alloy nanowire electrocatalyst is almost zero. The actual voltage required in the electrolysis process is reduced to 1.3V by using the novel electrocatalyst system with zero overpotential. The utilization of the super-alloy nanowire type electrocatalyst instead of the traditional Pt, Ir and Ru precious metal catalysts is the solution to reduce energy consumption and capital cost in water electrolysis to generate hydrogen and oxygen.
Lean Office: The Lean methodology applied to the improvement of administrative processes in a Higher Education Institution
Authors: Carvalho Cleginaldo Pereira de  , Martins Itúrbides Vicente de Paiva
Published: December 2021

With the advent of globalization, provided in part by the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT), has allowed companies in different segments and on different continents to have a significant increase in their visibility on the world market, thus requiring them to be more competitive with other companies. The specific objectives are the following phases: to carry out a survey of the current conditions of the administrative procedures related to the sector of the Directorate of Administrative Services, as well as their demands and results; to verify at which stages of the processes there is a waste of time in the execution of these administrative procedures, that is, to identify opportunities in the procedures practiced by the IES; to propose improvements based on LO thinking for each of the opportunities found; and finally to identify to what extent the results, or the deliveries made, have had a significant improvement from the proposition of applying LO concepts. As a research method, it will use the following tools: bibliographic research, documentary research, statistical treatments, Quality Management, Value Flow Map, using the 5S tools, Standardized Work, SIPOC, Visual Management and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). To this end, LO concepts will be used for the organization, the survey, analysis and proposals for improvements in the identified processes. As a result, there is an alignment among its employees and compliance with all mapped activities, without rework and with significant results.
Kajian Predasi Catfish terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: DION ALDY , MICHELLE CHRISTINA PRAYOGO  , HINDRI MUFTI YUANA  , HEBERT ADRIANTO
Published: December 2021

Aedes aegypti acts as a primary vector of the dengue virus which causes Indonesia to become a dengue-endemic country. Chemical and physical vector control methods to prevent the spread of DHF are considered less effective so that additional biological vector control is needed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential ability of catfish predation as Ae. aegypti vector controller. This paper was prepared by reviewing eight Indonesian research journals, eight international research journals, reports and regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the University of Florida Entomology and Nematology, and one textbook. The results showed that the predation ability of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias garipenus) was 80.3% greater on average than Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Oreochromis niloticus as well as the predation ability of Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) with an average of 79.6%. larger than Anabas testudineus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Poecilia reticulata. Further experimental research to deepen scientific information on the predation ability of various catfish species against Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae are still needed. Cooperation between fields and communities is also needed to prevent the spread of dengue disease properly. Mosquito larvae eating fish belonging to catfish species, namely African sharptooth catfish (Clarias garipenus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) have the potential to be a new biological vector controller because they have very high predation power compared to other mosquito larvae eating fish.
Potensi Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus Maxima Merr) Sebagai Antibakteri Propionibacterium acne Penyebab Jerawat
Authors: PARIURY JOHAN AXEL , JUAN PAUL CHRISTIAN HERMAN  , TIFFANY REBECCA  , ELVINA VERONICA  , I GUSTI KAMASAN NYOMAN ARIJANA
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Jerawat atau sering disebut juga acne vulgaris merupakan peradangan lapisan polisebaseus disertai penyumbatan bahan keratin akibat bakteri Propionibacterium acnes (P.acne). Prevalensi jerawat di Indonesia sebesar 80%-85% pada remaja. Kemunculan jerawat seringkali menimbulkan rasa minder akan penampilan kita. Obat jerawat yang ada dapat menimbulkan efek samping iritasi dan sudah mulai mengalami resistensi sehingga diperlukan alternatif obat lainnya. Produksi Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima merr) di Indonesia mencapai 511 kg setiap tahunnya dengan berat kulit Jeruk Bali sejumlah 208 kg. Sebesar 50% kulit Jeruk Bali dibuang tanpa diolah kembali padahal memiliki banyak kandungan antioksidan dan  antibakteri.

Tujuan: mengetahui potensi kulit Jeruk Bali sebagai alternatif antibakteri P.acne penyebab jerawat.

Metode: Studi literatur menggunakan artikel penelitian maupun artikel tinjauan pustaka dari jurnal internasional dan nasional dalam 10  tahun terakhir. Diakses dari Pubmed, Garuda, NCBI, dan Google Scholar dengan mengetikan kata kunci. Digunakan 30 artikel terkait dalam  penulisan article review ini.

Hasil: Antioksidan kulit Jeruk Bali  mengganggu metabolisme bakteri dengan menghambat kinerja enzim reverse transkriptase RNA,  topoisomerase DNA, transport aktif bakteri, mengganggu regulasi PH, mendenaturasi protein bakteri, merusak membran sel sehingga menghambat replikasi dan menimbulkan kematian bakteri  P.acne.

Kesimpulan: Kulit Jeruk Bali berpotensi sebagai antibakteri P.acne penyebab jerawat. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut terutama dalam konsentrasi ekstrak dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan.
Peran Brain Stimulation TMS Pada Prajurit Penderita Depresi Yang Penugasan di Kapal Perang
Authors: NANDAKA I KETUT TIRKA
Published: December 2021

Personel militer mempunyai resiko yang tinggi menderita depresi karena sifat pekerjaan dan latihannya, perpisahan dengan keluarga, melaksanakan misi militer , berpindah-pindah tugas, penugasan di tempat yang sempit (kapal perang) dan terpapar dengan peristiwa maupun peralatan yang berbahaya.

Pada penelitian oleh Al-Amri et al., di Arab Saudi dengan mengambil 357 sampel secara acak, didapatkan hasil prevalensi depresi sebesar 17,1% disuatu daerah operasi militer di Timur Tengah. PDSKJI (2017) melaporkan 3,7% dari populasi di Indonesia  menderita gangguan depresi.

Studi ini merupakan case report  pre dan post test  design sebanyak 4 pasien prajurit angkatan laut yang sudah didiagnosis menderita gangguan depresi berat yang  akan mendapatkan terapi standar berupa antidepresan dan psikoterapi . Pertama-tama dilakukan assesment tingkat depresi dengan memakai BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) dan HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Terapi standar depresi diberikan terhadap kedua kelompok dan satu kelompok ditambah  terapi augmentasi TMS ,  power disesuaikan dengan RMT ( resting motoric threshold), protokol terapi  TMS dengan amplitudo 100%  figh frequency 18 Hz , 2 sec dengan interval inter train 20 sec , 55 dan 59  train  selama 20 menit  sebanyak 5 X seminggu  .

Dari hasil studi ini, secara klinis seluruh pasien yang mendapat augmentasi  TMS menunjukkan hasil perbaikan klinis yang lebih  baik mulai minggu I terapi dengan penurunan skor BDI 15 poin dan HDRS 14 poin. Penurunan skore dengan selisih 6-8 poin pada skala BDI dan selisih 5-7 pada skala HDRS pada pasien yang mendapat terapi standar dibandingkan dengan yang mendapat terapi standar dan augmentasi TMS.
English summaries
Authors: Kivistö Mari Susanna
Published: December 2021

Article summaries in English
Neuroimaging. How to Question Scientific Images and Their Artistic Value
Authors: Carlenzi Emanuele , Coraci Davide , Pigoni Alessandro
Published: December 2021

Unquestionable holders of aesthetic content, images have a well-known role even in conveying scientific knowledge. In the present work, we focus on the epistemological role of images within neuroscience. We first analyze the concepts of representation, similarity, and informativeness. Second, we discuss relevant case-studies, i.e., images by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and how the pictorial interventions commonly applied on them might have an impact on their informational content. Finally, we explore the notion of imagination as a relevant faculty for modelling neuroscientific theories and the concept of creativity as an instrument to aesthetically modify brain images. These manipulations enable images to achieve the scientific purpose, altering the relation of similarity between the image and the studied phenomenon. In conclusion, this process leads to rethinking the role of the neuroscientist as an active observer.
Dependence of surface tension of fruit puree on temperature exposure
Authors: Patsyuk L. K. , Kondratenko V. V. , Lukyanenko M V.
Published: December 2021

When developing food products with new properties using innovative technologies, it is important to obtain data on the physicochemical, thermal-physical and structural-mechanical properties of the processed food media. So, one of the key components in the selection of the mode of collapsing ultrasonic cavitation is the surface tension of vegetable purees. The paper presents research data (2020) on the effect of temperature on the surface tension coefficient of fruit puree of different viscosity. The objects of research are cherry plum, pear and apple puree, combined in a row by viscosity. The surface tension coefficient was determined by the stalagmometric method, for which the puree was preliminarily centrifuged. The measurements were carried out at temperatures of 25 and 35 °С. It was found that, under equal conditions of centrifugation of puree, the proportion of supernatant in pear puree is noticeably higher – 77.37 % to the weight of puree in comparison with cherry plum puree (67.20 %) and apple puree (52.75 %). This fact can be explained by the presence of stony cells in the former which form an incompressible sediment, which allows a greater separation of the dispersed phase (sediment) and the dispersion medium (supernatant). It was found that the coefficient of surface tension of fruit purees, despite the slight difference, decreases with increasing temperature. Analysis of the steepness of the slope of the curve characterizing the effect of temperature on the surface tension coefficient showed that temperature stabilization during technological processing is more required for pear puree.
Experimental studies of a machine for collecting the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Zayats P. V. , Kazakevich P. P.
Published: December 2021

ional Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, the Republic of Belarus The substantiation of the design and technological scheme of the machine for the mechanical collection of the Colorado potato beetle in the production of environmentally friendly potato is carried out. The parameters and modes of rotors with flexible-elastic blades and regulators of the amplitude of their oscillations, providing high-quality shaking and collection of Colorado potato beetle individuals from the tops with minimal damage, have been experimentally substantiated. A description of the laboratory installation, an experimental sample of a combined unit is presented, and a methodology for conducting experiments is described. Experimental studies were carried out in 2004-2008 in the experimental field of the Educational institution "Grodno State Agrarian University" (UO "GGAU") and in the fields of the Agricultural production cooperative (SEC) "Zanemansky" of the Mostovsky dis-trict of the Grodno region. It was found that in order to reduce the energy intensity of the process, the interaction of the rotor with the tops in its apical part, where the maximum con-centration of Colorado potato beetle individuals takes place, is expedient. The minimum amount of beetle on the tops and the absence of visible damage to it are achieved when the diameter of the nylon threads of the blade is 1.2-1.5 mm, and the rational position of the regulator from the rotor axis is 0.14-0.18 m according to the energy intensity condition. Under the condition of minimal energy consumption of the process and without visible damage to the leaves, the circumferential speed range of the rotor should be 3-4 m/s. A regression equation of the second degree is obtained, which determines the relationship of the residual number of beetle individuals on the tops after the passage of the machine with the circumferential speed of the rotor Voc, the position of the regulator on the radius of the rotor Rr and the cross section of the blade Sbl. The optimal values were determined by solving the equation: Voc = 3.7 m/s, Rr = 0.16 m, Sbl = 1800 mm2 .
Investigation of the expediency of using AVX512 for the implementation of modern algorithms for electronic signatures
Authors: Gorbenko I.D. , Kachko E.G. , Kandii S.O.
Published: December 2021

Development and investigation of electronic signatures on algebraic lattices is one of the promising directions in post-quantum cryptography. Cryptosystems CRYSTALS-Dilithium and Falcon represent lattice cryptography in the category of electronic signatures in the NIST PQC open competition among the finalists. Most operations in these cryptosystems are reduced to addition and multiplication of polynomials in a finite field with a generating cyclotomic polynomial xN + 1. Using such a field allows the use of a number-theoretic transformation (NTT) to create fast and reliable software implementations. In practice, vectorized set (SIMD) instructions are used to achieve good performance. AVX2 instructions are most often used among existing implementations. At the same time, the possibility of using AVX512 instructions remains little explored. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of applying AVX512 instructions to optimization of the NTT, used in modern EPs on algebraic lattices. In particular, the paper presents a method for implementing a number-theoretic transformation using AVX512 for CRYSTALS-Dilithium and Falcon. An increase in performance is shown in comparison with the reference optimized author's implementations.
Method for dealing with non-stationary natural and simulating interference in intellectual surveillance radars
Authors: Zhyrnov V. , Solonskaya S. , Zarytskyi V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses a method for dealing with non-stationary natural and simulating interference in intelligent surveillance radars. When creating simulating marks, the introduction of amplitude modulation into the relayed radar sounding signal is used. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to find out that in the imitating noise, in this case, the so-called "intelligent" fluctuations of the burst structure of false marks appear, which differ from the fluctuations of the packs of real marks and can be easily detected by a human operator. The method is based on the definition of semantic components at the stage of formation and analysis of a symbolic model of amplitude fluctuations of a burst of signals from non-stationary natural and simulating interference and from real moving objects. In this case, the semantic features of amplitude fluctuations are determined by solving predicate equations for transforming these fluctuations into symbolic images of noise marks and real mobile aircraft. As a result of semantic analysis of the amplitude fluctuations of the burst in the time domain, classification distinctive features of fluctuations in the burst of signals from natural imitating noise and air objects were obtained. The semantic components of the decision-making algorithm are investigated, which are similar to the decision-making algorithms by a human operator. Process knowledge of transforming radar signals into symbolic images of amplitude fluctuations of a burst in the time domain is formalized. The formalization of the processing of symbolic images includes a system of predicate equations, by solving which the types of amplitude fluctuations of the burst are identified. Based on the results of experimental data, the transformations of real radar signals into symbolic images of burst fluctuations were carried out on the basis of the algebra of finite predicates. The authors also managed to propose these transformations to be used as the basis of an effective toolkit for obtaining classification distinctive features of packet fluctuations from interference and from aircraft.
Sekizinci sınıf merkezî sınavlardaki fen sorularının TIMSS-2019 bilişsel alanlara göre analizi
Authors: BOSTAN SARIOĞLAN Ayberk , DOLU Gamze , SEVİM Nebahat
Published: December 2021

Türkiye, fen alanında TIMSS 2019 verilerine göre ilk defa ölçek orta noktasının üzerinde bir puan almıştır. Bu yükselmenin etkisini belirleyebilmek amacıyla, Türkiye’deki merkezî ölçme değerlendirme sınavlarında sorulan fen soruları ile TIMSS-2019 sınavındaki fen sorularını karşılaştırma yaparak araştırma ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Çalışmada bu ihtiyacı gidermek için; Türkiye’de öğrenim gören sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerine, öğretim yılları sonunda uygulanan merkezî ölçme ve değerlendirme sorularını, TIMSS-2019 bilişsel alanlarına göre sınıflandırarak yıllara göre karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu, 1999 LGS, 2007 OKS, 2011 SBS, 2015 TEOG ve 2019 LGS sınavlarında yer alan fen soruları oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçiminde ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde, soruların TIMSS-2019 bilişsel alan çerçevesine göre sınıflandırılması içerik analizi yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak merkezî sınav soruları TIMSS-2019 bilişsel alan çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bulgulara göre %39 bilme, %35 uygulama ve %26 akıl yürütme bilişsel alanlarına yönelik sorular hazırlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. “Bilme” bilişsel alanında %41 frekansında “hatırlama/ tanıma”, “uygulama” bilişsel alanında %36 frekansında “bilgiyi yorumlama” ve “akıl yürütme” bilişsel alanında da %26 frekansında “sonuç çıkarma” alt kategorisinde sorulara ağırlık verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Genel anlamda merkezî sınav sorularının bilgi bilişsel alanında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Bilişsel alanlar incelendiğinde ise, bilgi bilişsel alanına yönelik soruların ilerleyen yıllarda azaldığı, akıl yürütme bilişsel alanındaki sorularının arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır Türkiye’de sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin TIMSS sınavlarında aldıkları fen puanlarının artışı ile merkezî sınavlardaki üst düzey bilişsel alanlara yönelik hazırlanan soruların artışı paralellik göstermiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları alanyazın ile desteklenmiş ve bu konu hakkında çalışma yürütecek araştırmacılara, çoktan seçmeli sorular dışında diğer soru türlerini araştırmaları konusunda öneriler sunulmuştur.
BATI TRAKYA’DA NÜFUSSUZLAŞAN TÜRK KÖYLERİ: DAĞKARAMUSA KÖYÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Selda , PEHLİVAN Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

Başta kırsal bölgeler olmak üzere “boşalan/nüfussuzlaşan” yerleşim birimlerine sıklıkla rastlanır. Altta yatan etmenler siyasi, coğrafi, ekonomik veya demografik nitelikte olabilir. Göç, sıklıkla dile getirilen etmenlerin başında gelir. İnsanların farklı motivasyonlarla yer değişikliğine gitmeleri, çoğu durumda geride nüfussuzlaşmış yerleşim alanları yaratır. Batı Trakya’da yaşanmış göçlerin çok sayıda nüfussuzlaşmış yerleşim birimleri yarattığı anlaşılır. Bu sürecin doğası, nedenleri ve kaçının harabeye dönüştüğü konusu, Batı Trakya’yı esas alan çalışmaların göz ardı ettikleri konuların başında gelir. Çalışmada Batı Trakya Türkleri, göç sonrası süreçte geride bıraktıkları “nüfussuzlaşmış” yaşam yerleriyle ele alınmaktadır. Batı Trakya’da nüfussuzlaşan köyler ve nedenleri konusu, temsili bir örnek üzerinden irdelenmektedir. Dağkaramusa köyü ve onun “nüfussuzlaşma” süreci, çalışmanın araştırma konusudur. Dağkaramusa’dan farklı tarihlerde göç etmiş iki katılımcı ile sözlü tarih görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler esnasında kroki çıkartma tekniğine başvurulmuştur. Alan yazındaki açıklamalar, Yunan devletinin bölgeyi Türk nüfusundan arındırmaya dönük politika ve uygulamalara gittiğini iddia eder. Benzer şekilde bulgular, Dağkaramusa’nın nüfussuzlaştırılmasında, Yunanistan’ın doğrudan müdahalesinin olduğunu göstermektedir.
II. ABDÜLHAMİD DEVRİ’NDE İŞKODRA VİLAYETİNDE RÜŞDİYELER
Authors: ERKEN İlkay
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı Devleti eğitimde temelden değişiklik teşebbüslerine Tanzimat Devri’nde başlamıştır. Bu dönemde ülke genelinde eğitimde ıslah gereği yaygın bir şekilde kabul edilmiştir. Islahın hangi kademeden başlayacağı tartışmalarında diğer alanlardaki yeniliklerin tatbiki için gerekli eğitimli kitlenin de temini amacıyla rüşdiyeler öne çıkmıştır. Rüşdiyelerin açılması ve yaygınlaştırılması eğitimin geneli için alınan kararların uygulanması sürecine benzerdi. Özellikle 1869 Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesinde eğitime dair alınan etraflı kararların tatbiki ve yaygınlaşması II. Abdülhamid Devri’nde olmuştur. İşkodra’da diğer okullar gibi rüşdiyelerin sayısı bu dönemde artmıştır. Rüşdiye programlarındaki değişikliklerle eğitimin niteliği de yükseltilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ancak rüşdiyeler İşkodra’da istenilen düzeye gelememiştir. Bunda mali açıdan vilayetin yaşadığı zorluklar etkiliydi. Ayrıca öğretmen teminindeki zorluklar da önemliydi. Geleneksel eğitim metotlarını tatbik eden öğretmenlerle yeni tarzda eğitim veren okulların istenilen seviyede mezun vermesi zordu. Bu okullardaki öğrenci varlığının ve müfredatın düzenli bir şekilde tatbik edildiğinin denetimi de yeterince yapılmamıştır. Nitekim denetimlerde görülen usulsüzlüklere karşı gerekli yaptırımlar tatbik edilmemiştir. Görevini gerektiği gibi yapmayan öğretmenlerin işlerine devamı bunun en açık göstergesiydi.
Postdigital Pedagogy of Liberation
Authors: McLaren Peter , Jandrić Petar
Published: December 2021

Postdigitale Pädagogik der Befreiung

Der Artikel untersucht den Fall der Demokratie und den Aufstieg des Faschismus in den Vereinigten Staaten und weltweit. Indem diese Trends im Kontext einer viralen Modernität (viral modernity) und allgemeiner an den Schnittstellen zwischen Biologie, Information und Gesellschaft verortet werden, wird nach alternativen kritischen Pädagogiken gegen den Faschismus und allgemeiner in und für unseren postdigitalen Zustand gesucht. Wir fragen, was es bedeutet, eine postdigitale Pädagogik der Befreiung zu operationalisieren, und nennen zwei Beispiele: Joss Winn und Mike Nearys theoretischen Vorschlag der kooperativen Universität und Broiggis Start-up Woolf University, das auf Blockchain-Technologie basiert. Auch wenn beide Beispiele ihre Mängel haben, argumentieren wir, dass diese und andere Experimente dringend benötigt werden, um neue techno-soziale Rekonfigurationen zu entwickeln, die zum Kern neuer postdigitaler Befreiungspädagogiken werden könnten.
Demokratie organisieren
Authors: Bretting Johannes , Engel Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Organizing Democracy. Role and Function of NS-Memorial-Sites as Agents of Social Transformation

Today, NS-memorial sites in Germany are conceived, addressed, and perceived as state funded places of learning. Discussions about transnationalization, about the death of the last survivors, and a growing presence of right wing (memory-)politics is challenging their work. In order to trace the NS-memorial sites as pedagogical organizations, we focus on their role in processes of ›Organizing Democracy‹ in the context of an ›Education after Auschwitz‹.
Radikale Demokratiebildung
Authors: Friedrichs Werner
Published: December 2021

Radical Democracy Education

In the article, the question of the form of democratic education is central. Especially the Anthropocene gives rise to future tasks that must be theorized on the basis of a more radical understanding of democratic coexistence and that require a new form of democratic education. Fundamental to this is a change in the basic epistemological assumptions of democratic education. In the process, interfaces with artistic practices emerge. Ideas of methodical implementations arise in the context of aesthetic practices.
Bildung als »unerzwungene Neuanordnung von Wünschen« im »Modus des Künftigen«
Authors: König Julia
Published: December 2021

Education as an »Uncoercive Rearrangement of Desires« in the »Mode to Come«. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s Postcolonial Turn to the Subject

Against the backdrop of recent anti-democratic movements in Germany and Austria, Julia König turns to Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s outline of education as an »uncoercive rearrangement of desires« in the »mode to come« and explores its meaning in post-Nazi, post-colonial societies. Given the historical entanglement, she proposes a reading of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s pedagogy outlined in »Righting Wrongs« as a postcolonial »turn to the subject« (Adorno).
Penerapan Fuzzy C-Means Cluster dalam Pengelompokkan Provinsi Indonesia Menurut Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat
Authors: Dwitiyanti Nurfidah , Selvia Noni , Andrari Finata Rastic
Published: December 2021

Metode fuzzy c means clustering adalah salah satu teknik pengelompokkan data dalam satu klaster ditentukan oleh pusat cluster yang akan menandai lokasi rata-rata untuk tiap klaster. Tujuan dari penelitian ini akan dibahas tentang penerapan metode fuzzy c means cluster dalam pengelompokkan provinsi Indonesia berdasarkan indikator kesejahteraan rakyat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pengelompokkan fuzzy c means dengan 2 klaster diperoleh fungsi objektif yang konvergen pada iterasi ke-18 adalah sebesar 130,7085. Pada klaster 1 yang dikategorikan sebagai kelompok kurang sejahtera terdiri dari 18 propinsi dan klaster 2 adalah kelompok sejahtera, terdiri dari 16 propinsi.
Pengembangan Alat Deteksi Dini Asap Dan Kebocoran Gas Pada Tabung Lpg, Pencegah Kebakaran Skala Rumah Tangga
Authors: Biantoro Agung Wahyudi , Anggraini Rini , Subekti Subekti
Published: December 2021

Saat penggunaan bahan bakar gas dinilai lebih efisien daripada bahan bakar dari fosil.  Namun, demikian, penggunaan bahan bakar gas dapat berdampak negatif terhadap keselamatan manusia bahkan menimbulkan kerugian yang cukup besar apabila tidak digunakan dengan hati-hati, terutama bila tidak diketahui telah terjadi adanya asap dan kebocoran dari tabung dan menyebabkan kebakaran, khususnya pada skala industri kecil dan skala rumah tangga.  Bila anggota rumah tangga tidak ada di ruangan tersebut maka sulit untuk mendeteksi kebocoran gas yang ada di dapur.  Gas  BBG terkenal dengan sifatnya yang mudah terbakar sehingga kebocoran peralatan BBG beresiko tinggi terhadap kebakaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang pembuatan dan alat pendeteksi asap dan gas untuk mendeteksi kebocoran gas pada skala rumah tangga.  Metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan alat sistem pendeteksi asap dan kebocoran gas otomatis, dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller, Arduino Uno. Perlunya dibuatkan sistem yang mendukung mekanisme monitoring real time dan dapat memberikan peringatan dan notifikasi berbasis media suara (alarm) dan lampu led.  Kesimpulan adalah bahwa alat pendeteksi kebocoran gas ini  dapat bekerja dengan baik, ini ditunjukkan dengan berfungsinya alat saat diberikan percobaan asap dalam berbagai konsentrasi dan jarak. Buzzer berbunyi, lampu LED hijau menyala dan menampilkan data grafik pada android. Selanjutnya sensor akan mendeteksi adanya asap dan apabila di sekitar ruang misalnya ruangan dapur terdapat kandungan asap.  Konsentrasi dimulai dari 0 ppm, lalu pada konsentrasi 600 ppm yang kemudian meningkat menjadi 650, 700 dan 900 ppm.  Pada konsentrasi asap 600 ppm alat berfungsi dengan baik, dengan aktifnya alarm buzzer dan lampu led.   Alat deteksi Asap ini dapat juga digunakan untuk deteksi gas seperti gas Butane dan dapat ditaruh di ruangan yang rawan kebakaran misalnya ruangan dapur, sedangkan layar led dapat ditaruh di lokasi di ruang yang sering dilalui oleh anggota rumah tangga.
Analisis Metode 5S Pada Stasiun Kerja Pembuatan Rumah Boneka
Authors: Tiara Tiara , Perdana Surya , Atikah Atikah
Published: December 2021

On the production floor CV. There are 6 work stations that produce wooden dollhouses. All activities carried out by workers are carried out simply with irregular production floors where workers put the tools and materials used out of place which causes the workspace to be more narrow and work risks arise. To correct this, an analysis of the work environment will be carried out using 5S. The formulation of the problem is done through observations made on the production floor CV. RB. The review is carried out on the current work environment layout and the problems that occur in it. The identification results are used as a basis for compiling the concept of applying 5S in accordance with the characteristics of the production floor CV. RB. Analysis of the impact caused by the existing conditions is the result of observations and interviews with relevant parties. Furthermore, this research will give a proposal to solve the problems in the production of dollhouses using 5S. One of the improvements made is the provision of training on the basic concepts of 5S. By using 5S there will be improvements where workers will become disciplined, reduce waste and work risks.
PENANAMAN RASA CINTA TEHADAP TANAH AIR MELALUI GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH (GLS) PADA LEVEL PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Miranti Ira , Dwiastuty Nina
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan untuk guru di lingkungan RA Nurusssa’adah RT 007 RW 005 Tanjung Barat Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan. Tujuan dari diadakannya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk penerapan GLS dalam upaya penanaman rasa cinta terhadap tanah air khususnya pada masa pandemik ini. Oleh karena itu, kami bermaksud untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Dengan harapan dapat memberikan tambahan pengetahuan kepada para tenaga pendidik supaya dapat memberikan pembekalan secara langsung mengenai pentingnya rasa cinta terhadap tanah air melalui penerapan GLS kepada para siswa dengan lebih baik.
Derivation of an Enhanced Pressure Differential Expression, for a Penetration Injection with Back Pressure
Authors: Nair Prashant Unnikrishnan
Published: December 2021

In real-world water injection applications, an in-line injection facilitates a pressure differential that boosts the current flow. A pressure differential created by the injection of a pressurized flow into the mainline of flow is derived from the momentum transfer equation. Heat loss is disregarded, and such empirical equations provide a ballpark value to these pressure differentials during the injection.

In industrial applications, injection of the fluid is done on the surface, due to weld and other constraints where losses due to friction and eddy current formation are imminent. On the other hand, penetration injection provides a far more augmented pressure differential that has a polynomial impact based on the mainline flow rate and the injection flow rate.

This paper aims to derive an accurate representation of the pressure differential values obtained from a penetration injection through experimentation and compare it against a surface injection or empirical calculation. The paper concludes by indicating that the penetration injection augments the pressure differential with a new empirical formula for the derived pressure differential as a polynomial equation for this apparatus and can be extended across different sizes of the mainline and injection line diameters. This work provides a precise formula that can be used to derive pressure differential and estimate the flow and pressure rates. The formula also provides a platform for further utility in the fracturing operations where fracture flow from the well upstream presents multiple injection fractures to the mainline through fracture pores.
The ASEAN WITHOUT A CUSTOMS UNION OR A SINGLE MARKET CONSEQUENCES OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY BLUEPRINT 2025
Authors: Jerusalem Moh Firstananto
Published: December 2021

Abstract

In the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint 2015 the term “single market” was used as a goal of economic community. Theoretically, single market is a level of economic integration after customs union. Under that blueprint, customs union could have a chance to be established as a necessary prerequisite for single market. However, the new blueprint 2025 does not adopt single market concept anymore. Different terms have been introduced namely “integrated and cohesive economy” and “unified market”. This article aims at assessing economic integration concept adopted in the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint by utilizing content analysis. It will review the change of concept by employing economic integration theory in order to indicate the direction of economic community goal. The finding is that the change of terms reflects the change of concept. As a result, ASEAN Economic Community will have a different direction in pursuing economic integration. Therefore, under the new blueprint ASEAN will not proceed to customs union and single market. However, it will remain at free trade area level of economic integration. In addition, ASEAN will not be a close trade block but tend to be an open regionalism in relation to non-ASEAN countries or regions.

Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, Customs Union, Single Market, Economic Integration, Open Regionalism.
The EXTERNALITY OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN BONDED ZONE TO LOCAL COMPANY PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Nugroho Setiyono , Sastiono Prani
Published: December 2021

Multinational Companies (MNC) in the Bonded Zone (BZ) obtain tax incentives and are required to export their product. Those differences allegedly led to the difference in externalities. This paper discussed the indirect impact of MNC on the productivity of local firms with a measure of productivity using Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Furthermore, this thesis seeks to measure the difference impact between MNC which operated on BZ and FDI which operated outside the BZ.  Using the tax report data period 2011-2015, estimation result shows that the presence of MNC brings positive externalities to local firm productivity, and MNC which operated on MNC have bigger externalities than MNC which operated outside BZ.
The Role of Selectivity Criteria for Effective Post-clearance Audit (PCA): Bangladesh Perspectives
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Akbar
Published: December 2021

The Post-clearance Audit (PCA) is being used by the Customs administrations across the world to facilitate trade as well as to reduce revenue evasion. As a limited number of declarations or entities need to be audited, the selectivity criteria for identifying the riskiest ones for conducting PCA is of utmost importance for the effectiveness of audit. A wrong selection for audit will be counterproductive. That is why, this paper will examine how the selectivity criteria impacts the PCA.

The WCO and WTO have advised the administrations to utilise the PCA mechanism to enhance cross-border trade. The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC) of WCO and the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) of WTO have focused on systematic use of PCA rather than examining every imported consignment at the ports. Therefore, the PCA assists the authorities expedite clearance of goods, while, at the same time, ensures plugging leakages and, finally, enhances collection of duties and taxes at the import stage. 

Moreover, the PCA also creates opportunities for the authorities to catch tax evaders in future as the results of PCA may further be used for the proper implementation of Risk Management (RM) mechanism. Effective RM helps single out the risky consignments and facilitate clearance of the low risk consignments. So, if the selectivity criteria for PCA are not properly set, both the PCA and RM system will be adversely affected, ultimately paralysing the revenue administration of a country thereby reducing its economic competitiveness.

This study will scrutinise the existing selection procedures for PCA with qualitative analysis. Due to lack of availability of reliable data, the author interviewed some of the main stakeholders and the Customs and VAT officials to analyse the mechanism for identifying the loopholes and prospects of the PCA initiative.

Furthermore, this paper will not only help the administrations to set the selectivity criteria for PCA, but also assist the administrations to redesign their existing PCA selectivity system.
IMPLIKASI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERHADAP PAJAK DAERAH
Authors: Ardiansyah Benny Gunawan
Published: December 2021

The change in political government of Indonesian, that had taken place in the "big bang decentralization" era, create the  decentralization of power. In the fiscal decentralization, the local governments has the power to manage theirs’ finances, including tax collection. But, actually local governments can levy taxes only if there are  any assignment  from the legislators or conducted by the constitution. The extention of the local tax object produces several problems,particularly double taxation between federal and local taxes. Constitutional Court's decision for the golf tax implied the questions about the legitimacy of local taxes. Meanwhile, the construction of tax law encountered any problems, such as the legislators’ mind of state, tend to be undemocratic, tortuous and any potential overlap of double taxation in Indonesia. Perubahan politik pemerintahan Indonesia, yang terjadi pada era “big bang decentralization”, mendesak adanya desentralisasi kekuasaan. Dalam hal desentralisasi fiskal, pemerintah daerah dapat mengelola keuangannya sendiri, termasuk pemungutan pajak. Pemerintah daerah hanya dapat memungut pajak jika ada pendelegasian dari legislator nasional atau diamanatkan oleh konstitusi. Ekstensifikasi objek pajak daerah menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan, terutama ketika terjadi pajak ganda, yaitu objek pajak daerah sekaligus objek pajak pusat. Putusan MK atas pajak golf dapat berimplikasi terhadap legitimasi pajak daerah lainnya. Sementara itu, penyusunan hukum pajak menemui beberapa kendala, misalnya adanya kerancuan berpikir, cenderung tidak demokratis, berliku-liku dan terkesan tumpang tindih yang berpotensi adanya praktik pajak ganda di Indonesia.
PAJAK BAHAN BAKAR KENDARAAN BERMOTOR SEBAGAI ENVIRONMENTAL TAX
Authors: Kurniawati Lestari
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode penyajian hasil penelitian ini dilakukan dengan eksploratif deskriptif. Metode eksploartif deskriptif digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif atas implementasi kebijakan Pajak Bahan Bakar Kendaraan Bermotor (PBBKB) di Indonesia. PBBKB merupakan salah satu pajak daerah yang ditetapkan melalui Undang-Udang Nomor 18 Tahun 1997 tentang Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah sebagaimana terakhir telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009. Melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 1997, tarif PBBKB pertama kali ditetapkan sebesar 5%. Tarif PBBKB ini mengalami perubahan menjadi paling tinggi sebesar 10% dengan diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009. Namun demikian Pemerintah lalu menurunkan tarif PBBKB menjadi 5% flat untuk semua daerah melalui Perpres Nomor 36 Tahun 2011. Peraturan ini selain menghilangkan potensi penerimaan Pemerintah Daerah dari PBBKB juga bertentangan dengan tujuan PBBKB sebagai regulator untuk membatasi jumlah konsumsi bahan bakar minyak. Kebijakan Pemerintah untuk menghapus subsidi Premium dan memberikan subsidi tetap bagi solar merupakan momentum tepat bagi Pemerintah untuk mengembalikan PBBKB sebagai regulator konsumsi bahan bakar minyak. PBBKB sebagai regulator konsumsi bahan bakar minyak akan dapat terwujud jika terdapat peran Pemerintah Pusat terutama untuk menetapkan perubahan tarif PBBKB. Perubahan tarif PBBKB diharapkan dapat memnuhi konsep Pigouvian framework, dimana penerimaan Pemerintah Daerah dari PBBKB sepadan dengan biaya yang harus dikeluarkan Pemerintah Daerah untuk mengatasi dampak negative konsumsi bahan bakar minyak. Kebijakan penetapan tarif PBBKB ini juga seharusnya diikuti dengan kebijakan earmarking dari Pemerintah Daerah agar konsep PBBKB sebagai environmental tax dapat terpenuhi.