bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Modifiers on the Disintegration Characteristics of Red Clay
Authors: Liu Baochen , Zhou Haofeng , Wang Xiaobo , Lian Guan , Yang Bai
Published: May 2024

Due to the high degree of weathering, the red clay slope has low anti-disintegration performance, and the clay easily becomes wet and disintegrates after soaking in water. It causes geological problems such as slope collapse caused by soil softening. To study the disintegration characteristics of modified red clay, the disintegration test of red clay modified by using lignin fiber, clay particles and lime was carried out, analyzing the disintegration characteristics of improved red clay from physical and chemical perspectives and analyzing the improvement mechanism of three modifiers with the scanning electron microscopy test. The analysis results show that the water-holding capacity and disintegration resistance of soil mixed with lignin fiber decrease; the disintegration time of reshaped red clay increases with the increase in clay content; and the average disintegration rate of the soil decreases with the increase in clay content. With the increase in lime content, the soil cement increases. The integrity of the soil is enhanced, and its anti-disintegration ability is improved; the saturated moisture content of reshaped red clay increases with the increase in lignin fiber and clay content, while the saturated moisture content of soil decreases with the increase in lime content. The damage analysis shows that the larger the damage factor of soil, the worse its anti-disintegration ability, and the easier the soil disintegrates. The purpose of this paper is to explore the essence of the soil disintegration phenomenon, and on this basis, using high-quality improved materials, to improve the soil, which easily disintegrates. This move aims to significantly enhance the anti-disintegration ability of the soil, thereby improving its resistance to softening and disintegration, thereby effectively improving and maintaining the ecological environment. At the same time, the improved soil will help to improve the utilization rate of the slope and foundation soil, thereby reducing the economic cost of maintenance engineering. Against the current background of sustainable economic, social, and ecological development, it is of great strategic significance to ensure the sustainable availability of land resources in specific areas and maintain their productivity and ecological stability for a long time. The research into this subject not only helps to deepen the understanding of soil disintegration, but also provides strong technical support for the rational utilization of land resources and the protection of the ecological environment.
Sustainable Solid Biofuel Production: Transforming Sewage Sludge and Pinus sp. Sawdust into Resources for the Circular Economy
Authors: Pereira Alex Borges , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Carvalho Amélia Guimarães , de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro Angélica , de Castro Vinícius Resende , Carvalho Ana Marcia Macedo Ladeira , Lopes Olivia Pereira , Branco-Vieira Monique , Ferreira Marcos Vinícius , de Assunção Rosana Maria Nascimento , Araujo Solange de Oliveira
Published: May 2024

The lack of adequate sanitation in Brazil overloads the health system and causes deaths. The utilization of sewage sludge hinders advancements in water treatment. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of producing briquettes by blending sewage sludge with Pinus sp. sawdust. The sewage sludge was sourced from a water treatment facility, while the Pinus sp. sawdust was obtained from a sawmill. Elemental analysis, proximate analysis, and calorific value were evaluated for both biomasses. Briquettes were manufactured using a hydraulic press, varying the proportion of sewage sludge from 0% to 95%, followed by thermogravimetric analysis. Pinus sp. sawdust exhibited higher carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen content, whereas sewage sludge contained more nitrogen and sulfur. The sawdust had greater fixed carbon content, volatile matter, and calorific value, while the sewage sludge had higher ash content. Samples with higher sewage sludge content showed better thermal resistance, with 100% sewage sludge retaining 63.3% mass after exposure to 950 °C. Briquettes with higher sewage sludge content had increased energy density. Considering the elevated nitrogen, sulfur, and ash content, sewage sludge should be limited to 5% in briquette production with Pinus sp. sawdust. This research underscores a significant avenue for sewage sludge utilization and sustainable bioenergy production.
Progress on Electrochemical Biomimetic Nanosensors for the Detection and Monitoring of Mycotoxins and Pesticides
Authors: Lakavath Kavitha , Kafley Chandan , Sajeevan Anjana , Jana Soumyajit , Marty Jean Louis , Kotagiri Yugender Goud
Published: May 2024

Monitoring agricultural toxins such as mycotoxins is crucial for a healthy society. High concentrations of these toxins lead to the cause of several chronic diseases; therefore, developing analytical systems for detecting/monitoring agricultural toxins is essential. These toxins are found in crops such as vegetables, fruits, food, and beverage products. Currently, screening of these toxins is mostly performed with sophisticated instrumentation such as chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. However, these techniques are very expensive and require extensive maintenance, and their availability is limited to metro cities only. Alternatively, electrochemical biomimetic sensing methodologies have progressed hugely during the last decade due to their unique advantages like point-of-care sensing, miniaturized instrumentations, and mobile/personalized monitoring systems. Specifically, affinity-based sensing strategies including immunosensors, aptasensors, and molecular imprinted polymers offer tremendous sensitivity, selectivity, and stability to the sensing system. The current review discusses the principal mechanisms and the recent developments in affinity-based sensing methodologies for the detection and continuous monitoring of mycotoxins and pesticides. The core discussion has mainly focused on the fabrication protocols, advantages, and disadvantages of affinity-based sensing systems and different exploited electrochemical transduction techniques.
The Transformation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Aquatic Environment of a Fluorochemical Industrial Park
Authors: Huang Jingqi , Zhao Zhen , Liu Jing , Li Shiyue
Published: May 2024

Jiangsu High-Tech Fluorochemical Industrial Park in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, is the largest fluorochemical industrial park in Asia. The occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and widespread local plants was investigated in Jiangsu High-Tech Fluorochemical Industrial Park. Thirty-two target PFASs were detected in dissolved-phase, particle-phase and plant samples. The concentrations of total PFASs ranged from 1650 to 8250 ng/L in the dissolved-phase samples, 132 to 6810 ng/g dw in the particle-phase samples and 25.8 to 9460 ng/g dw in different plant tissues. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), Perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (6:2 FTCA) were predominant PFASs and contributed 80−91% to ΣPFAS in water samples. A total of 67 emerging PFAS were identified in all samples using nontargeted analysis. Typha orientalis showed better accumulation ability, with an average ΣPFAS concentration of 3450 ng/g dw and the highest root concentration factor (RCF) of 171. Typha orientalis, Eichhornia crassipes and Alternanthera sessilis have potential for use in PFAS phytostabilization.
Multispectral Inversion of Citrus Multi-Slope Evapotranspiration by UAV Based on Modified RSEB Model
Authors: Zhu Shijiang , Zhang Zhiwei , Duan Chenfei , Lin Zhen , Hao Kun , Li Hu , Zhong Yun
Published: May 2024

Evaptotranspiration (ETc) is a crucial link in the farmland water cycle process. To accurately obtain the citrus ETc in different slope positions, the METRIC, RSEB, and FAO Penman–Monteith (P-M) models were constructed based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral images to invert the ETc values. The ETc of citrus calculated by the P-M model was used as a reference standard, and the accuracy of the ETc inversion was evaluated by the METRIC model and the RSEB model. The results showed that the R2, RMSE, and SE of the METRIC model and the RSEB model were 0.396 and 0.486, 4.940 and 3.010, and 4.570 and 2.090, respectively, indicating a higher accuracy of the RSEB model for inverting the ETc values. Furthermore, the accuracy of the RSEB model could be improved by introducing the optimal correction coefficient (after correction: RMSE = 1.470, SE = 0.003). Based on the modified RSEB model, the ETc values of the citrus in different slope positions were obtained. We also found that the middle slope ETc > the top slope ETc > the bottom slope ETc, indicating that the slope position indeed affected the citrus ETc. This research provides a favorable framework for the ETc inversion, and the results are of theoretical and practical importance to realize crop water conservation.
Low-Permeability Layered Clay Soil Hinders Organic Macromolecular Pollutant Migration in the Transition Zone of the Jianghan Plain–Dabie Mountain Area
Authors: Shi Tingting , Liu Wenyan , Yang Yulin , Liu Yongyi , Li Mengru , Liu Tianwen , Wu Zhichen , Wang Qing
Published: May 2024

With the development of industry and agriculture, the level of organic pollutants in groundwater exceeds the standard in some parts of the transition zone of the Jianghan Plain–Dabie Mountain area. To investigate the ability of low-permeability layered clay soil in the study area to hinder the migration of organic macromolecular pollutants, the traditional tracer fluorescein sodium was used to represent organic macromolecular pollutants. The adsorption and migration behavior of organic macromolecular pollutants in the layered soil were explored through indoor experiments. Additionally, a one-dimensional soil column solute transport model was established for the study area using HYDRUS-1D to obtain the dispersivities and dispersion coefficients of organic macromolecular pollutants in layered clay soil. The results showed that the breakthrough duration of sodium fluorescein was up to 116 days in silty clay soil, while the breakthrough duration in sandy sub-sandy soil was only 2.6 days. The dispersion coefficient of organic macromolecular pollutants was only 0.0038 cm2/d in silty clay soil, while the dispersion coefficient was up to 4.724 cm2/d in sandy sub-sandy soil. The dispersion coefficient decreased with the increasing clay fraction of the soil. Compared with homogeneous soil, the dispersivity of organic macromolecular pollutants in clayed soil decreased, and the dispersion coefficient also changed. It indicates that the layered clay soil in the study area effectively hinders the downward migration of organic macromolecular pollutants due to its low permeability and pollutant adsorption capacity. Simultaneously, the lateral transport of water at different soil interfaces in layered soil prolongs the time for organic macromolecular pollutants to reach the underlying aquifer. Low-permeability clay soil may act as a short-term barrier to the migration of organic pollutants to deeper soil and groundwater in the study area. This study provides data support and a theoretical basis for future pollution prevention and control in the Jianghan Plain–Dabie Mountain area.
Research on the Flow Characteristics of Power-Law Fluids in Self-Priming Sewage Pumps
Authors: Li Xukan , Zheng Shuihua , Shao Zhenghao , Xu Mingjie , Li Yiliang , Huang Qing , Chai Min , Sun Zenan
Published: May 2024

To conduct a more in-depth study of the flow mechanism of power-law fluids within sewage pumps, this paper focuses on self-priming sewage pumps, with typical power-law fluid (Carboxymethyl Cellulose, CMC) as the conveying medium. The constitutive equations for sewage and typical power-law fluid (CMC solution) were established using the power-law model. Through numerical calculation methods, the non-steady flow field inside the pump of different concentration power-law fluids was analyzed from various aspects such as velocity, pressure, vorticity, and wall shear stress. The pressure pulsations at key locations in the pump flow field were monitored and analyzed. At the rated flow rate, when the concentration of CMC solution increased from 0.5% to 2.0%, the channel pressure and tongue pressure decreased by 16.5% and 3.5%, respectively. This indicates that the pressure on the impeller blades, within the flow passages, and at the tongue of the volute all decrease with the increase in concentration of CMC solution. This may alter the fluid flow pattern, leading to more vortex motion and shear deformation, while also reducing the pump’s pressure boosting capability, thereby affecting the pump’s performance stability. It can be inferred from quantitative comparisons that changes in rheological properties had a significant impact on the flow characteristics of sewage pumps. This paper reveals that some flow characteristics of power-law fluids in sewage pumps, providing a theoretical and reference basis for the performance optimization and flow mechanism research of sewage pumps.
Development and Application of a New Open-Source Integrated Surface–Subsurface Flow Model in Plain Farmland
Authors: Yang Hai , Zhou Quanping , Jiang Yuehua , Hou Lili , Yang Hui , Qi Qiuju
Published: May 2024

Accurately characterizing rainfall runoff processes in plain farmland, especially at the plot scale with significant micro-topographic features, has presented challenges. Integrated surface–subsurface flow models with high-precision surface flow modules are appropriate tools, yet open-source versions are rare. To address this gap, we proposed an open-source integrated surface–subsurface flow model called the FullSWOF-Plain model, in which the one-dimensional subsurface module Hydrus-1D was integrated with a modified two-dimensional surface water flow module (FullSWOF-2D) using the sequential head method. Various experimental scenarios were simulated to validate the model’s performance, including two outflow cases (i.e., 1D and 2D) without infiltration, a classical one-dimensional infiltration case, and two typical rainfall events at the experimental field. The results demonstrate the accuracy of this proposed model, with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of the simulated discharge exceeding 0.90 in the experimental field case and the root mean squared error (RMSE) values for soil moisture at five depths consistently below 0.03 cm3/cm3. However, we observed a lag in the simulated response time of soil moisture due to the neglect of preferential flow. The micro-topography significantly influenced ponding time and ponding areas. Lower local terrain normally experienced earlier surface ponding. Scattered surface ponding water first occurred in the ditch and followed in the relatively low areas in the main field. The concentration process of surface runoff exhibited hierarchical characteristics, with the drainage ditch contributing the most discharge initially, followed by the connection of scattered puddles in the main field, draining excess surface water to the ditch through rills. This quantitative study sheds light on the impact of micro-topography on surface runoff in plain farmland areas.
Valorization of Cherry By-Products as Coagulant/Flocculants Combined with Bentonite Clay for Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Teixeira Ana R. , Afonso Sílvia , Jorge Nuno , Oliveira Ivo V. , Gonçalves Berta , Peres José A. , Lucas Marco S.
Published: May 2024

In this study, two by-products resulting from the processing of cherry (stems and pits) were used as natural coagulants to promote the valorization of these wastes and treat olive mill wastewater (OMW). The efficacy of the plant-based coagulants (PBCs) in the coagulation–flocculation–decantation process (CFD) was evaluated through the removal of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total polyphenols (TPh), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The CFD process was demonstrated to be effective in turbidity and TSS reduction in OMW. Using cherry stems (CSs), these reductions were 65.2% of turbidity and 58.0% of TSS, while cherry pits (CPs) achieved higher reductions, 78.6% of turbidity and 68.2% of TSS. To improve the effectiveness of OMW treatment, mainly regarding the removal of TPh and DOC, the CFD process was complemented with the adsorption process (using bentonite clay). The adsorption capacity of bentonite was higher in acidic conditions (pH 3.0) and, with a dosage of 3.0 g L−1, reached 17.3 mg of DOC and 13.8 mg of TPh per gram of bentonite. Several adsorption isothermal models were assessed, and the Langmuir (r2 = 0.985), SIPS (r2 = 0.992), and Jovanovic models (r2 = 0.994) provided the best fittings. According to the optimal operational conditions defined throughout the present work, the combination of CFD and adsorption removals were as follows: (1) 98.0 and 91.3% of turbidity, (2) 80.8 and 81.2% of TSS, (3) 98.1 and 97.6% of TPh and (4) 57.9 and 62.2% of DOC, for CSs and CPs, correspondingly. Overall, the results suggest that cherry by-products can be used as low-cost natural coagulants and, when combined with another natural, abundant, and cheap material, such as bentonite clay, can be a sustainable alternative for treating OMW.
Sources, Risks, and Remediation Technologies of Pollutants in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Liu Jing , Feng Weiying , Yang Fang
Published: May 2024

Water, the lifeblood of our planet, is encountering unprecedented challenges stemming from a diverse array of pollution sources, including industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, and urban domestic sewage [...]
Optimizing the Numerical Simulation of Debris Flows: A New Exploration of the Hexagonal Cellular Automaton Method
Authors: Han Zheng , Fu Qiang , Jiang Nan , Ma Yangfan , Zhang Xiulin , Li Yange
Published: May 2024

Debris flow, driven by natural events like heavy rainfall and snowmelt, involves sediment, rocks, and water, posing destructive threats to life and infrastructure. The accurate prediction of its activity range is crucial for prevention and mitigation efforts. Cellular automata circumvent is the cumbersome process of solving partial differential equations, thereby efficiently simulating complex dynamic systems. Given the anisotropic characteristics of square cells in the simulation of dynamic systems, this paper proposes a novel approach, utilizing a hexagonal cellular automaton for the numerical simulation of debris flows, where the direction judgment efficiency increased by 25%. Employing cubic interpolation, the model thereby determines the central elevation of each hexagonal cell. By modifying the flow direction function and stopping conditions, it achieves more accurate predictions of the debris flow run-out extent. This method was applied to the 2010 Yohutagawa debris flow event and the flume test. To evaluate the simulation’s accuracy, the Ω value and Fβ score were used. The Ω value is a comprehensive evaluation factor that takes into account missed or misjudgment areas. On this basis, the Fβ score emphasizes that the missed identification of debris flow areas will bring greater harm. Research indicates that the Ω value showed improvements of 6.47% and 3.96%, respectively, while the Fβ score improved by 3.10% and 4.61%.
Water–Energy–Milk Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elzaki Raga M. , Al-Mahish Mohammed , Alzahrani Fahad
Published: May 2024

Dairy farming plays a crucial role in Saudi Arabia’s agricultural industry. However, the intensive milk production process exerts pressure on local water and energy resources. This study aims to examine the impact of water stress and renewable energy consumption shocks on milk production in Saudi Arabia by using data from 2000 to 2021. The empirical analysis used the VAR model, Granger causality, forecast error variance decompositions (FEVDs), and impulse response functions (IRFs). The presence of a negative significant interdependence between total milk production and water stress levels in agriculture was observed. Significant bidirectional causality relationships among the variables were noted. The FEVD results show that water stress levels in agriculture are becoming a more dominant driver of variations in total milk production in Saudi Arabia, while the empirical evidence of the IRFs implies that milk production increases when both water stress levels and renewable energy are present. The adoption of water recycling and reuse systems on dairy farms can help farmers to improve water use efficiency. The encouragement of decision makers to formulate policies to support sustainable water resource management, reduce environmental impact, accelerate technological advancements, and initiate positive socioeconomic outcomes for the dairy industry is highly recommended.
Control of Pivot Steering for Bilateral Independent Electrically Driven Tracked Vehicles Based on GWO-PID
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Shuoyan , Xia Ziheng
Published: May 2024

In this study, the optimization problem for controlling the pivot steering function of tracked vehicles is addressed. Firstly, kinematic modeling of the pivot steering process of tracked vehicles is conducted. Secondly, the control system of tracked vehicles is decoupled, and PID control algorithms for vehicle speed and yaw rate are separately designed. Furthermore, the parameters of the PID controllers are optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm. Finally, by constructing a joint simulation model using Matlab/Simulink + RecurDyn (V9R4), the simulation results indicate that the above control algorithm can effectively improve the tracking speed of tracked vehicles on vehicle speed and yaw rate under the pivot steering condition, quickly respond to the driver’s driving intention, and ensure the stability of the pivot steering process, providing an effective basis for further research on the pivot steering function of tracked vehicles.
Yarı İletken Sektörünün Dönüşümüne Ekonomik Bakış: Karşılaşılan Zorluklar ve Gelecek Stratejileri
Authors: Töken İlyas , Ukav İsmail
Published: May 2024

Yarı iletken sektörü, elektronik sistemlerin ve cihazların temel bileşenleri olan çip, diyot, transistör ve entegre devreler gibi yarı iletken malzemeleri üreten katma değeri yüksek bir endüstridir. Ağırlıklı olarak iş hayatı, sağlık, otomotiv ve iletişim amaçlı kullanılan söz konusu ürünler; son yıllarda dijitalleşmenin de artmasıyla evden çalışma, uzaktan eğitim, bilgiye erişim, finans ve nesnelerin interneti (IOT) bağlamında neredeyse her alanda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Elektronik cihazların artan kullanımına paralel olarak bunların temel bileşenini oluşturan yarı iletkenlere olan talep de artarak sektörün ülke ekonomileri açısından büyük bir önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Bununla birlikte yarı iletken sektörü son yıllarda pandemi, küresel ölçekte yaşanan arz-talep dengesizliği, siyasi krizler, başta Amerika ve Çin arasında olmak üzere çeşitli rekabet sorunlarıyla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Çalışmada endüstrinin gelişimi ve performansı analiz edilerek yakın geçmişte yaşanan ve etkileri halen süren yarı iletken kıtlığı, nedenleri ve yol açtığı ekonomik sorunlar ortaya konulmuştur. Endüstride lider ülkeler ve firmalar incelenmiş, sektörün Türkiye’deki yapısı ve gelişimi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre; küresel ölçekte 2020 yılındaki krize rağmen yarı iletken endüstrisinin son 36 yılda 15 kat büyüdüğü ve 2023 yılındaki satış gelirinin 520 milyar ABD dolarını geçtiği belirlenmiştir. Türkiye de dünyadaki gelişmelere paralel olarak sektöre önem veren ülkeler arasına girmiştir. Genç ve dinamik nüfusunun yanı sıra güçlü pazar ağıyla birlikte, savunma ve otomotiv sanayisi gibi yarı iletken endüstrisi ile yakın ilişkisi olan alanlarda edinilen tecrübenin sağladığı fırsatları değerlendirerek, sektörün gelişmesine katkıda bulunmak için çeşitli teşvikler hayata geçirilmiştir. Türkiye, bu sektörde başarılı olma vizyonunu sürdürmekte ve bu doğrultuda sektöre katılımı artırmayı hedeflemektedir.
Expeditious Full Discharging Method without Voltage Rebound Issue for Safe Battery Recycling
Authors: Woo Ji-Su , Lee Hong-Geun , Hwang Geun-Ha , Heo Keun-Ho , Hwang Yu-Chan , Kwak Won-Jin
Published: May 2024

To achieve recycling without safety hazards by explosion of spent batteries, an efficient full discharging procedure is required to stabilize the batteries before recycling. However, typical salt solution discharging technique has environmental pollution, inefficiency, and safety issues due to wastewater emission, slow discharging rate, and severe voltage rebound. Electrical discharging techniques can be applied to overcome these problems, but the typical constant-current and constant-current constant-voltage modes have a trade-off relationship between discharge time and voltage rebound. In this study, we propose reverse voltage mode as an expeditious and safe electrical discharging protocol that effectively addresses the tradeoff between discharging time and voltage rebound. The proposed reverse voltage mode for full discharging method was proven to be effective regardless of the electrode crystal structure or the battery form factor. This result is expected to present new methodology for pre-stabilization of spent batteries for more eco-friendly and stable recycling.
Achalasia of Esophagus Cardiac Part: a Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment (Literature Review and Clinical Observations)
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Berezina O.I. , Kanishchev I.S. , Valitova E.R. , Pavlov I.A. , Bordin D.S. , Shishin K.V. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare and Medical Management of the Moscow City Health Department,   Tver State Medical University,   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow
Published: May 2024

Cardiomyotomy (in particular, oral endoscopic cardiomyotomy) is the most effective method of treating achalasia of the esophagus cardiac part, however, in some cases patient complaints persist or symptoms relapsed. This conditioned the need to perform the complex examination of a patient for the correct diagnostics of this disease, prognose assessment and treatment tactics determination as well as the identification of the causes of the persistence or resumption of clinical manifestations after surgical treatment.
Matériaux relatifs à l'ours chez les peuples mongols
Authors: Dordjieva Nina
Published: May 2024

Nina Dordjieva recueille, traduit et commente divers matériaux relatifs à l'ours chez les Mongols xalx, les Bouriates et les Kalmouks : proverbes, dictons, devinettes, rituels de chasse, règles de chasse, traditions, contes, dont deux contes bouriates "Le héros et le monstre Angar", "La perfidie de la soeur aînée" et un kalmouk "Un vieux et une vieille avec leur fils et leur fille".
Aspects historiques et écologiques des relations de l’ours polaire avec les Inuit
Authors: Randa Vladimir
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reconstituting the relationship in space-time between the polar bear and the Inuit appears as an approach to" the anthropology of the polar bear". This is based on their common history as immigrants to the Arctic regions under the effects of eco-climatic changes. Several heretofore largely unstudied similarities between animal and man can be observed with respect to their behavior and physiological adaptation to the climate and the ecosystem. The predatory nature of both the bear and the Inuit introduces a dimension of competition into their relationship, whose constant evolution is illustrated throughout several cultural phases. Comptetitiveness is expressed in relative strength and rivalry in food-seeking from their basic prey, the seal. The question as to whether the bear may have had any "cultural" role in the appropriation of Arctic space by the Inuit remains unanswered.
Une fête de l’ours chez les Aïnous en 1954
Authors: Maraini Fosco , Delaby Laurence
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Here are ten photographs taken by an Italian photograph, Fosco Maraini, in East Hokkaido among the Ainus in March 1954. They show the main stages of a bear festival and are accompanied by a commentary by Laurence Delaby.
Les langues mongoles
Authors: Beffa Marie-Lise , Hamayon Roberte N.
Published: May 2024

The authors present an inventory of the Mongol populations according to the languages and dialects they speak. Annexes and maps offer further aid in arriving at administrative groupings and geographical locations in China, the Popular Republic of Mongolia and in U.S.S.R. A general index makes it possible to trace the correspondences between the different ethnonyms and toponyms mentioned in the literature.
Le renard, élément de la conception du monde dans la tradition japonaise
Authors: Bouchy Anne-Marie
Published: May 2024

Les métamorphoses de la renarde ou du renard, tantôt bénéfiques, tantôt maléfiques, sont un thème courant de la littérature comme de l'humour populaire japonais de toutes époques. D'autre part, les phénomènes de possession par le renard et le culte du renard sont des réalités bien vivantes de la religion populaire japonaise actuelle, qui se trouvent également mentionnées dans les textes de l'antiquité. C'est en s'appuyant sur les faits de la religion populaire que l'auteur tente ici de mettre en lumière le rapport entre les multiples faces du renard et l'unité de ses différentes fonctions symboliques dans la tradition japonaise.
Histoires de renards chez les Toungouses
Authors: Delaby Laurence
Published: May 2024

Foxes begin to occupy a place in the traditional economy of the Tungus when Russians and furriers arrived in Siberia, but it is a minor place, fur-skins being used principally for paying taxes. Fox-symbolism is not manifested in rituals and beliefs except among the people of the Amur Basin where a fox-spirit helps the shaman to convey the souls of the dead to the other world. This symbolism occupies a secondary place in folk-literature except in one cycle of stories (which is, perhaps, not indigenous) where the fox plays a leading part as Trickster, as shown in the tales gathered by V. N. Vasil'ev in 1905 in the Katanga area.
An imperial restoration in Ordos. 1916-1917
Authors: Serruys Henry
Published: May 2024

The author reconstructs an event typical of the disturbances of the beginning of the Republican era — a rebellion in the style of the traditional uprisings of the old China, led by a bandit named Lu Chan-k'uei and a man purporting to be a son of the imperial prince Tuan; and its represssion, entrusted to the Moslem officers of Ning-hsia.
Se percer l’oreille pour garder son âme chez les Ghiliak et les Aïnous de Sakhaline
Authors: Delaby Laurence
Published: May 2024

A propos des boucles d’oreille ghiliak (nivx) rapportées de Sakhaline au siècle dernier et conservées au Musée de l’Homme, l’auteur cherche les raisons symboliques qui poussaient tous les hommes ghiliak à porter jadis un anneau à l’oreille. Une comparaison avec les Aïnous voisins suggère que la raison de cette coutume est en relation avec la survie de l’âme après la mort.
Une fille solaire pour le chamane nganassane
Authors: Lambert Jean-Luc
Published: May 2024

À partir d’une analyse de lanières rituelles utilisées au moment de la grande fête nganassane, l’auteur montre que le chamane, à la fin de la nuit polaire, épouse la fille de Soleil. L’arrière-plan mythique de ce rite de renouveau peut alors être étudié et une modélisation du chamanisme nganassane est finalement proposée
Le système d'élevage de la bannière Ujumqin de l'Ouest. Mongolie-Intérieure, Chine
Authors: Hell Christian , Quéré Philippe
Published: May 2024

This work consists in a study about the present agrarian situation of a small area of Inner Mongolia (People’s Republic of China) ; the final aim is to understand the global trajectory of the evolution of the ecosystem, and of the systems of production in the Ujumqin Banner (Xilin Gol League).

The physical study (climate, ecosystem and topography) demonstrates the existence of two seasons, the pasture yields of which being very unequal. Winter is corresponding to the season of lowest pasture yield, and is directly limitating the size of the livestock, by the weakness of its fodder ressources.

In 1958, as the collectivisation of the agriculture happened (the People’s Communes), the breeding system of the region is reaching the limit of its feeding capacities, for the winter migrations out of the banners were forbidden. The growth of the livestock between 1958 and 1978 is precipitating the whole animal husbandry into an overgrazing crisis : crisis of the feeding system and, in the same time, crisis of the ecosystem. The introduction of the mowing and the decollectivisation of 1982 (redistribution of the livestock) will release the situation, by a complete change in the breeding system : it has been converted into a pastoral and transhumant system, associated with mowing, based on family exploitations, owners of their livestock, and socially differenciated by the capacities of their mowing equipment. It allows to distinguish two types of exploitation : exploitations owning their mowing equipment, and non-equipped exploitations.

Those two types are actually overshooting the social threshold of reproduction in China (seven hundred yuan by worker and by year), but at the price of an overgrazing crisis.

The only solution to remedy the non-reversing evolution since 1958, and to avoid a new mortality crisis for the livestock, would be as follows : to increase the fodder ressources of the grasslands during the winter, and, consequently, to evolve bit by bit toward an agro-pastoral breeding system.
Captive d'une sœur défunte (matériaux sur le chamanisme des Nanaïs)
Authors: Bulgakova Tatiana
Published: May 2024

Deux séances chamaniques, données au début des années 1990 par les chamanesses nanaïes Mingo et Lindzja pour guérir la sœur cadette d’une chamanesse défunte, sont ici transcrites et traduites par T. Bulgakova. Ces rituels sont replacés dans le cadre ethnographique actuel des Nanaïs du bassin de l’Amour par l’auteur qui montre, entre autres, le conflit interne vécu par la malade : appartenant à une génération coincée entre des parents chamanistes et des enfants athées, elle préfère sacrifier sa santé et souffrir la vengeance des esprits auxiliaires de sa sœur, pourvu que ses enfants soient à jamais débarrassés de ces esprits.
Animalité et humanité dans le chamanisme des Darkhates de Mongolie
Authors: Dulam Sendenžavyn , Even Marie-Dominique
Published: May 2024

The authors raise the question of the respective parts of humanity and of animality present in the spirit representations of the Darkhats, a group living in the north of Mongolia who have kept to their shamanistic traditions. Drawing from shamanistic invocations and tales recently collected by one of the authors, S. Dulam, they show how among these sheep and cattle breeders humanization and ancestralization of the spirits combine with animality : animal shapes taken by the spirits, animal cries through which the shaman is supposed to imitate them, their ties to the wild nature, seen as supranatural, from which men tend to differentiate themselves in creating a domesticated space more and more cultural.
Un monde à l'envers ou l'envers du monde. Commentaire d'un conte doukha
Authors: Even Marie-Dominique
Published: May 2024

Il s’agit du commentaire du conte doukha, présenté dans l’article de Tsevelin Chagdarsürüng.
Inuit cosmology and the problem of the third sex
Authors: Oosten Jarich Gerlof
Published: May 2024

The notion of the third sex was developed by Saladin d’Anglure (1986, 1988) to explain the crossing of boundary lines between the sexes in premodern Inuit society. Fienup-Riordan (1990) suggested that the contrast between human beings and animals might be the dominant contrast in the Western Arctic, whereas the contrast between men and women might prevail in the Central Arctic.

In this paper I propose that this distinction is artificial. I will examine some aspects of the alimentary and sexual codes of Inuit myths and rites in the Central Arctic to assess how the relationships between human beings and animals and those between men and women determine each other in the context of the moral order of the universe.
Moïse cornu ? Lectures d'Exode 34, 29-35
Authors: Attias Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2024

This article attempts to open new avenues of research on the subject of Moses’ horns with no pretense to solve definitively the exegetic problem relating to the Hebrew word karan in this enigmatic passage. I attempt to understand the historical, ideological, and even psychological reasons of why in the Jewish interpretation Moses generally returns from Mount Sinai with a « radiant face », and not with horns. Returning to the text, I then try to reveal the potentialities embedded in the meaning of the root krn in the scriptural corpus, and its special relationship with the idea of power, and then to show that the encounter of Moses with God, in the light of other biblical passages (notably Genesis 32, 23-33), is that of a combat, where the fighter/intercessor obtains by force his blessing from God. It does not then appear unreasonable that the Prophet emerges from this confrontation with external signs of an almost animal-like virility. It nevertheless remains that to represent Moses as « savage », worse, to give him animal attributes, is without doubt, not an anodine act for the exegete. This attacks directly an old and still living intellectual and scholarly tradition which postulates a fundamental and irreducible difference between the religion of ancient Israel and the so-called « savage religions », and which serves in effect to protect the privileged status of both Judaism and Christianity, and to prevent a certain type of anthropological approach.
Des usages de « jeu » dans le vocabulaire rituel du monde altaïque
Authors: Hamayon Roberte N.
Published: May 2024

L’article rappelle les divers usages rituels de la notion de « jeu » dans les langues mongoles et toungouses et en fait un premier repérage dans les langues turques. Ces usages varient d’un système symbolique à l’autre (danse, bond, lutte, course, tir, chant, musique, mime, et même décor...), définissant pour chacun une configuration propre. Jouer un rituel n’est pas seulement l’accomplir, mais tenter d’y remporter une victoire en sorte d’infléchir positivement le cours des choses soumis à l’issue du rituel. D’où la forte présence de la notion de jeu dans l’activité divinatoire et plus largement chamanique (qu’il faille « jouer » soi-même ou « faire jouer » les esprits). Une répartition de la notion de jeu rituel s’esquisse chez les peuples turcs d’Asie centrale entre combat armé et ronde soufie, reflétant celle, idéologique, entre chamanisme et islam, tandis que la musique instrumentale tend à être monopolisée par le barde.

En conclusion, « jouer » apparaît constitutif de l’acte rituel dans cette aire. Les modes gestuels sont l’essence du jeu rituel, les productions sonores n’en sont que les attributs, susceptibles de prendre leur autonomie.
Rite de renouveau ou fête nationale. La lutte et le tir à l’arc dans les jeux virils mongols
Authors: Lacaze Gaëlle
Published: May 2024

L’auteur décrit en détail deux des trois « jeux virils » qui constituent aujourd’hui la fête nationale en Mongolie. Bien que leur transformation progressive en sports soit manifeste, ils ont conservé les principales caractéristiques qui étaient les leurs dans le cadre des rites de renouveau où ils étaient auparavant intégrés. Cependant des différences se font jour entre les deux jeux. La lutte est exaltée comme symbole de l’identité nationale, alors que le tir à l’arc ne suscite plus l’intérêt et tend à tomber en désuétude. Il apparaît que la lutte a gardé la valeur de virilité qui lui était attachée et qui fonde son efficacité rituelle à des fins de renouveau, alors que le tir à l’arc a successivement souffert d’une part des restrictions imposées par l’administration mandchoue en raison de son rôle d’entraînement à la guerre, d’autre part des mesures prises pour favoriser son ouverture aux femmes sous le régime communiste. L’auteur relève les traits ludiques de chacun de ces jeux dans les termes de la typologie de Caillois (agôn, mimicry, ilinx, aléa) et donne deux textes d’éloge au vainqueur en mongol avec leur traduction française.
Jeux printaniers au Zanskar : le tir à l’arc de Zangla. Bouffons et héros, rois et étrangers
Authors: Riaboff Isabelle
Published: May 2024

The spring archery festival is an event of prime importance for each village of Zanskar, a high Himalayan valley of Tibetan culture (administered by the Jammu and Kashmir Indian State). Besides competitive shootings, the Zanskari archery festival comprises numerous events and lasts several days. In Zangla, once a royal capital, the event is combined with another lay celebration which is intercalated in the archery program : between two days of shooting, a ritual ploughing takes place together with a wedding parody and a horse-race. After a detailed description of the Zangla archery festival as it occurred in 1994, the analysis highlights the celebration’s symbolic ends. These are prosperity, prestige, established order and village cohesion, embodied in the archetypal figures of the buffoon, the hero, the king and the outsider
Saint-Jean-Porte-Latine à Montségur
Authors: Lambert Jean-Luc
Published: May 2024

Saint John is the patron saint of Montsegur-sur-Lauzon in the Tricastin. Like the other French parishes dedicated to this saint, Montsegur is situated in a wine-growing region. A play on words lies at the base of the ritual of the feast : instead of the Latin Gate of Lome (porte latine), the local peasants think that the saint carries a vat (porte la tine). The priests, of course, do not agree with this interpretation. Moreover, this complex ritual appears to contain reminiscences of an ancient ploughing festival. This is shown by an analysis of the ritual objects used.
Lomber Magnetik Rezonans Görüntülemedeki T1 Aksiyel Kesitlerin Hasta Tanı ve Tedavisindeki Önemi: 8 Vakalık Seri
Authors: Mete Mesut
Published: May 2024

Giriş ve Amaç: Lomber patolojiler, günümüzde toplumda görülen bel ağrısı ve maluliyetin sık karşılaşılan nedenlerinden birisi olup, yetişkinlerin yaklaşık yüzde 60 ila 80’i yaşamları boyunca bel ağrısı ile karşılaşmaktadır. Tanı yöntemleri arasında BT ve MRG en çok tercih edilen radyolojik tetkiklerdir. Özellikle MRG, günümüzde lomber disk hernisi, dejeneratif hastalıklar, kırıklar, enfeksiyon gibi hastalıkların tanısı için en değerli yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada; daha önce lomber cerrahi geçirmiş, fizik tedavi veya lomber cerrahi önerilmiş hastalarda lomber MR görüntülemesinde hekimin isteğine bağlı olarak çekilen T1 aksiyel kesitlerin yağlı filum terminaleyi göstererek tanıyı ve tedaviyi değiştirmedeki önemi vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Daha önce başka merkezlerde lomber cerrahi uygulanan veya lomber cerrahi önerilen hastalarda, hasta anamnezleri, fizik muayeneleri, nörolojik muayeneleri ve radyolojik tetkikler sonrasında çektirilen T1 aksiyel kesit içeren Lomber MRG lerin tanıyı ve dolayısıyla tedavi şeklini değiştiren 8 hasta değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 42,8 dır. Hastaların 5 i erkek 3 ü ise kadın hastadır. Hastaların herhangi bir ek hastalığı bulunmamaktaydı. En sık görülen şikayet idrar yapmada ortaya çıkan problem olup 7 hastada görüldü. İkinci sıklıkla görülen şikayet bacak ağrısı olup toplamda 5 hastada mevcuttu.
Sonuç: Gergin Omurilik Sendromu tanısının gözden kaçmaması ve/veya gereksiz omurga ameliyatlarının önlenebilmesi için, bel-bacak ağrısı, ürolojik problemler, nörolojik defisit varlığında GOS’un ayırıcı tanıda hatırlanması gerekir. Bel ağrısı ve/veya siyataljisi olan bir hastada özellikle MRG incelemelerinin normal olması durumunda gergin omurilik sendromu olasılığı akılda tutulmalı ve bu hastalara T1 aksiyel kesitler içeren Lomber MR görüntüleme tetkiki istenmelidir.
Testing the abrasion resistance of 3D printed test specimens made of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Kutnjak-Mravlinčić Suzana , Ercegović Ražić Sanja , Sutlović Ana , Godec Damir
Published: May 2024

Additive manufacturing processes are of great importance for the development of modern production, which is why much research is being carried out to determine or improve the properties of 3D printed products depending on the desired application. In this work, the abrasion resistance of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) test specimens was investigated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) for the production of shoe heels or shoe bottoms. The test was performed using the Martindale wear method on 3D printed ABS test specimens colored with disperse dyes in the depletion process and on 3D printed test specimens colored in the mass of the original ABS polymer. In accordance with HRN EN ISO 12947-3:2008 Determination of abrasion resistance using the Martindale method: determination of mass loss, the results show the mass loss in % and the change in thickness of the test specimen in %. Abrasion resistance was tested on substrates of varying fineness, with the outer and inner surfaces simulated according to the intended application. Six abrasive substrates were selected and three test specimens were tested for each substrate. The results of the test showed a higher abrasion resistance of the test specimens painted in the mass (original ABS polymer in color) compared to the test specimens subsequently painted with dispersion paints.
Mimaride Biyofilik Tasarım için Metinden Görüntü Üretme Potansiyeli Olan Yapay Zeka Araçlarının Kullanımı
Authors: Mutlu Avinç Güneş
Published: May 2024

Metinden görüntü üretme yeteneğine sahip yapay zekâ (YZ) sistemlerindeki ilerlemeler, mimarlık alanında önemli ve yenilikçi potansiyeller barındırmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım ilkelerinin yapay zekâ görüntü oluşturma modelleriyle birleştirilmesi, yenilikçi mimari yaklaşımlar için yeni fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, doğayla bağlantı kurarak ofis çalışanlarının konforunu ve çalışma kapasitesini artırmayı amaçlayan biyofilik ofis alanları oluşturmak için metinden görüntü oluşturan yapay zekâ araçlarının nasıl kullanılabileceğini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma, Browning, Ryan ve Clancy'nin (2014) araştırmasında yer alan biyofilik kriterleri referans alarak, mimari tasarımda biyofilik çözümler üretmek amacıyla yapay zekâ sistemlerinin kullanılmasını incelemektedir. Makalede Leonardo AI aracı kullanılarak bu kriterlere uygun ofis alanları üretilmiştir. Yapay zekâ aracına, biyofilik kriterler ile ilgili istemler girildiğinde biyofilik tasarım standartlarını karşılayan alanlar ürettiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, yapay zekâ destekli metin-görüntü oluşturmanın mimari tasarımın ilk aşamalarda biyofilik tasarım düşüncesiyle entegre edilmesinde önemli bir adıma işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, yapay zekanın sadece görüntü oluşturma kapasitesini değil, aynı zamanda biyofilik tasarım ilkeleriyle uyum sağlama yeteneğini ve bu ilkeleri geliştirme potansiyelini göstermektedir.