bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐precursor phase‐controlled synthesis of copper selenide nanocrystals and their conversion to amorphous hollow nanostructures
Authors: Chen Feifan , Zhang Yadong , Hu Lijun , Zheng Lifang , Ge Feiyue , Feng Changsheng , Xu Dan , Tao Chen‐Lei , Wu Xue‐Jun
Published: March 2023

The crystal phases are essential to the physicochemical properties and functionalities of materials. Copper selenide has emerged as an important and appealing semiconductor, which can exist in a variety of polymorphic phases. However, the richness of polymorphs also makes it a challenge to the direct preparation of copper selenide nanocrystals with tunable phases. Herein, two polymorphs, that is, quasi‐tetragonal Cu2−xSe nanocubes and metastable wurtzite Cu2Se nanodisks, are successfully synthesized by using a single precursor, copper(I) selenocyanate (CuSeCN), as the Cu and Se sources. The key to phase modulation is the optimal choice of the ligand in the synthesis. The as‐prepared nanocrystals possess different morphologies and compositions, giving rise to distinct optical properties and electrical conductivities. Interestingly, the copper selenide nanocrystals can provide a platform for the rational construction of two types of amorphous hollow Au─Cu─Se nanostructures by reaction with Au(I) precursor, in which their final shapes are well kept as that of the original nanocrystal templates. This work provides an easy strategy for the phase‐controlled synthesis of copper selenide nanocrystals and enables the design of new materials for broad applications.
Holes Outperform Electrons in Group IV Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Myronov Maksym , Kycia Jan , Waldron Philip , Jiang Weihong , Barrios Pedro , Bogan Alex , Coleridge Peter , Studenikin Sergei
Published: March 2023

A record‐high mobility of holes, reaching 4.3 × 106 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 mK in an epitaxial strained germanium (s‐Ge) semiconductor, grown on a standard silicon wafer, is reported. This major breakthrough is achieved due to the development of state‐of‐the‐art epitaxial growth technology culminating in superior monocrystalline quality of the s‐Ge material platform with a very low density of background impurities and other imperfections. As a consequence, the hole mobility in s‐Ge appears to be ≈2 times higher than the highest electron mobility in strained silicon. In addition to the record mobility, this material platform reveals a unique combination of properties, which are a very large and tuneable effective g*‐factor (>18), a very low percolation density (5 × 109 cm−2) and a small effective mass (0.054 m
0). This long‐sought combination of parameters in one material system is important for the research and development of low‐temperature electronics with reduced Joule heating and for quantum‐electronics circuits based on spin qubits.
Task specialization and low‐skilled immigration in a highly educated country: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lee Jongkwan
Published: March 2023

While imperfect substitutability between native and immigrant workers is an important mechanism in estimating the wage effects of immigration, its empirical literature is concentrated on the context of only a few countries. Using occupation task‐intensity data from a unique Korean data set, we demonstrate that relatively skilled native Korean workers respond to increased low‐skilled immigration by pursuing jobs more intensive in communication and cognitive tasks. This native response is mainly pronounced in knowledge‐intensive service sectors and leads to an improvement in average wages in these sectors. Our results support the general assumption that the labor market impact of immigration critically depends on whether native and immigrant workers are substitutes or complements in production.
Is the “smoke‐filled room” necessary? An experimental study of the effect of communication networks on collusion
Authors: Flannery Timothy , Wang Siyu
Published: March 2023

We investigate how well firms can collude with partial communication in relation to full communication. We find that firms vary their communication strategies with network structures. In the networks that have either an isolated firm or full communication, more players send “pure promises” suggesting everyone select the collusive actions unconditionally. In the network with leadership, more players send a “promise and threat” which includes a reward for collusion and a punishment for deviating. Because of the inability to communicate in the network with the isolated firm and the high frequency of deviation and punishment in the network with leadership, the full communication network achieves significantly higher payoff than partial communication.
Lead‐Free Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with over 1600 Hours Stability in N2 Achieved by Multifunctional Additive
Authors: Chen Xianglin , Li Ya , Cao Jiupeng , Chen Haoyu , Liu Bingxu , Xie Jiankai , Shu Yuting , Wang Fangfang , Wang Aifei , Dong Jingjin , Qin Tianshi
Published: March 2023

Lead‐free tin‐based perovskite solar cells have received great attention due to their promising photovoltaic performance and ecofriendly properties. However, the fast crystallization process and easy oxidation of Sn2+ limit the device performance. Herein, a multifunctional zinc ethylphenyl dithiocarbamate (Ze) additive is introduced to tune the crystallization process of tin‐based perovskite and suppress the oxidation of Sn2+. Meantime, the interaction between Ze and Sn2+ can effectively passivate defects and reduce nonradiative recombination. As a result, the Ze‐modified solar cells show an efficiency of 4.64% along with excellent long‐term stability.
Seismic performance of the enlarged beam section connection
Authors: Zohdi Ali , Matinpour Mohammad Hossein , Rafati Bonab Reza , Kiumarsi Oskuei Farzad
Published: March 2023

Enlarged beam section (EBS) connection is a new moment connection developed to eliminate the shortcomings of conventional reduced beam section connections and fulfill desired performance. In EBS, the width of the flanges increases in specific locations between the desired plastic hinge and the column face of the beam to let the plastic hinge occur in a favorable region. Hence, the plastic hinge location can be controlled by manipulation of EBS parameters. In this study, the seismic performance of EBS connections under cyclic loading in the standard frameworks is investigated using finite‐element modeling. Before implementation the finite‐element model is verified by an experimental study on conventional connection. Utilizing optimum EBS parameters in the finite‐element modeling, no significant damage is predicted in weld lines and their vicinity, the column, and the connection zone. Also, no remarkable deformation or buckling instability is detected in the results. This indicates appropriate performance of the connection and formation of the plastic hinge in the desirable region. The requirements of various regulatory standards are achieved in terms on number of cycles and the total rotation. In addition, due to the ease of implementation, this connection type can be an excellent alternative to other moment connection types.
Evolution of fib model codes: Mastering challenges and encountering new ones
Authors: Kasuga Akio
Published: March 2023

MC2020, with sustainability and performance‐based design at its core, is the model code for future thinking. It is designed so that both new construction and interventions can be completed based on this model code, bringing together the world's most advanced technologies. In this paper, the basic stance of fib toward sustainability is firstly described. Then, as the future envisioned by MC2020, examples of low‐carbon concrete structures will be presented. The paper also discusses the form and uses of conceptual design that MC2020 emphasizes and presents examples of new construction and the extension of service life/adaptation/upgrading of existing structures. New technologies for a circular economy will also be proposed. Sustainability has economic, social, and environmental aspects, and the optimization of each will eventually lead to carbon neutrality. It can be said that MC2020 will help us to arrive at solutions to those complex challenges.
Probabilistic prediction model of concrete carbonation depth considering the influence of multiple factors
Authors: Qin Hongtu , Wang Jian
Published: March 2023

In order to realize the probability prediction of concrete carbonation depth, this paper proposed a probabilistic prediction model of carbonation depth based on 433 sets of existing experimental data. First, considering the influence of water‐binder ratio, fly ash content, stress level, and carbonation time, a deterministic prediction model of carbonation depth was established based on stepwise regression method. Then, based on the established deterministic prediction model, considering the influence of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, a probabilistic prediction model of carbonation depth was established, and the posterior distributions of the parameters in the probabilistic prediction model were updated iteratively by using Bayesian theory and Markov chain Monte Carlo method, and the influence of standard deviation of prior distribution of the parameters in probabilistic prediction model on their posterior distributions was discussed. Finally, the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was verified by comparing with another 127 sets of existing experimental data and the predicted values of the deterministic prediction model, and the effect of the standard deviations of prior distribution of the parameters on the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was analyzed. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the proposed probabilistic prediction model of carbonation depth after three updates was higher than that of the deterministic prediction model. When the standard deviation of prior distributions of the parameters in probabilistic prediction model was 100, the proposed probabilistic prediction model after three updates had the highest prediction accuracy. Under the tensile stress state of concrete, the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was improved by 26.76% compared with the deterministic prediction model, and when the concrete under compressive stress state, the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was 44.07% higher than that of the deterministic prediction model.
Terence Charles Bate
Authors: Bate Anthony
Published: March 2023

Vet and barrister with a zest for learning, who embraced modern techniques.
A visualized automatic particle counting strategy for single‐cell level telomerase activity quantification
Authors: Li Chen , Chen Hui , Fan Tingting , Zhao Jingru , Ding Zheng , Lin Zeyu , Sun Shuqing , Tan Chunyan , Liu Feng , Jiang Hongtao , Tan Ying
Published: March 2023

The accurate evaluation of telomerase activity, a typical cancer biomarker, is vital for early cancer screening. In this study, we developed a dark‐field microscopy (DFM) visual single‐particle detection scheme to detect telomerase activity based on automatic counting gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This method started with attaching the telomerase substrate (TS) primer to the magnetic beads (MBs) through streptavidin‐biotin interaction. In the presence of telomerase and dNTPs, the TS primer was expanded with (TTAGGG)n repeat units to form the telomerase extension product (MBs‐telomerase extension product), which could be hybridized with the complementary DNA (cDNA) modified with AuNPs through Au‐S bonds (AuNPs‐SH‐cDNA). After magnetic separation and DNA double‐strand unwinding, AuNPs were collected from the supernatant, and the telomerase activity was quantitatively measured by visually counting bright spots based on DFM. This strategy achieved a limit of detection as low as 1 HeLa cell and distinguished telomerase activity among different cell lines, thus verifying its excellent sensitivity and specificity. Further, two common telomerase inhibitors (BIBR1532 and curcumin) were screened with the consistent IC50 values with other methods, respectively. It is worth mentioning that this strategy can clearly identify bladder cancer among various urinary diseases. Consequently, the visualized automatic particle counting strategy is potential as a powerful tool in early and noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Das neurourologische Gutachten in der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung
Authors: Wolff A. , Münstermann N. , Pretzer J. , Redecker A. , Jud T. , Böthig R.
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Bisherige Bewertungsvorgaben der Standardquellen für urologische Begutachtungen zeigen erhebliche Unterschiede in den empfohlenen Prozentangaben für die Einschätzung der Minderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit (MdE) für Unfallfolgeschäden auf neurourologischem Fachgebiet.

Fragestellung

Es sollte für Begutachtungen im Rechtsbereich der Deutschen bzw. Österreichischen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (www.dguv.de,www.auva.at) eine „Neufassung und Vereinheitlichung der MdE-Bewertungen neurourologischer Unfallfolgen (in Tabellenform) als Leitfaden/Manual“ erarbeitet werden.

Material und Methoden

Innerhalb des Arbeitskreises Neurourologie der DMGP (Deutschsprachige Medizinische Gesellschaft für Paraplegiologie;www.dmgp.de) bildete sich eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Neurourologen aus Querschnittgelähmtenzentren verschiedener berufsgenossenschaftlicher (BG-)Kliniken. Zwischen 01/2017 und 09/2022 fanden insgesamt 7 Arbeitstagungen und 6 Videokonferenzen statt. Die Konsentierung der erarbeiteten Dokumente erfolgte durch formale Konsensusfindung im Rahmen eines nominalen Gruppenprozesses bzw. im Rahmen einer abschließenden Konsensuskonferenz.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden die notwendigen Grundlagen für eine zielgerichtete, rechtssichere Diagnostik von Unfallfolgen auf neurourologischem Fachgebiet ausgearbeitet und basierend auf der Erfahrung langjähriger Gutachtertätigkeit eine „Matrix“ für eine einheitliche, abgestufte Einschätzung der Höhe der MdE auf (neuro)urologischem Fachgebiet bei gesicherten neurourologischen Unfallfolgen erstellt.

Schlussfolgerung

Im Interesse der Gleichbehandlung aller Versicherten ist es von großer Bedeutung, eine einheitliche und nachvollziehbare Einschätzung der Höhe der MdE auf der Grundlage von „Tabellenwerten“ vorzunehmen, die die vorliegenden Erfahrungswerte widerspiegeln.
Open versus closed intramedullary nailing of femur shaft fractures in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salman Loay A. , Al-Ani Abdallah , Radi Mohammed F. A. , Abudalou Abedallah F. , Baroudi Omar M. , Ajaj Abdulla A. , Alkhayarin Mohamed , Ahmed Ghalib
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of open- versus closed-reduction and intramedullary nailing (IMN) of adult femur shaft fractures.

Methods

Four databases were searched from inception until July 2022 for original studies that compared the outcomes of IMN following open-reduction versus closed-reduction technique. The primary outcome was the union rate; the secondary outcomes were time to union, nonunion, malalignment, revision, and infection. This review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 12 studies with 1299 (1346 IMN cases) patients were included, with a mean age of 32.3 ± 3.25. The average follow-up was 2.3 ± 1.45 years. There was a statistically significant difference in union rate (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.97; p-value, 0.0352), nonunion (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.23–3.44; p-value, 0.0056), and infection rate (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.16–3.25; p-value, 0.0114) between the open-reduction and closed-reduction groups in favour of the latter. However, malalignment was significantly higher in the closed-reduction group (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16–0.64; p-value, 0.0012), whereas time to union and revision rates were similar (p = NS).

Conclusion

This study showed that closed-reduction and IMN had more favourable union rate, nonunion, and infection rates than the open-reduction group, yet malalignment was significantly less in the open-reduction group. Moreover, time to union and revision rates were comparable. However, these results must be interpreted in context due to confounding effects and the lack of high-quality studies.
Sample volume affects the number of Phytophthora and Phytopythium species detected by soil baiting
Authors: Sarker Suchana R. , McComb Jen , Hardy Giles E. St. J. , Burgess Treena I.
Published: March 2023

More Phytophthora species are detected from environmental samples through DNA metabarcoding than are isolated by baiting. We investigated whether bulking soil samples and baiting ~ 300 g samples in standard 1 L tubs resulted in the isolation of fewer Phytophthora and Phytophythium species compared with using 15 – 20 g samples of non-bulked soil in individual 200 ml tubs. At each of four sites with dying vegetation, 50 soil samples were collected and baited separately in small tubs, followed by plating of lesioned baits over 7 days. The number of Phytophthora species obtained was compared with those obtained from bulking the 50 samples and baiting subsamples in large tubs. Half of the asymptomatic baits were plated on day 7 and the remaining were assessed for the presence of Phytophthora using metabarcoding. Root samples with rhizosphere soil from the bulked soil in each site were also assessed using metabarcoding. A higher number of Phytophthora species was recovered from each site from baiting small volumes of non-bulked soil than large volumes of bulked soils. Metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits revealed species not isolated from lesioned baits. More species were detected from the roots using metabarcoding than were isolated from baits. Metabarcoding did not reveal any species from the rhizosphere soil and roots that were not also detected from metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits and/or plating. The numbers of Phytopythium species detected using the different methods followed the same trend as for Phytophthora. It was concluded that baiting small samples from across a site in separate small tubs results in the isolation of a higher number of Phytophthora species than the standard technique of baiting large samples of bulked soils, and that this, together with metabarcoding of asymptomatic baits, detects the highest total number of species.
Analysis of solder mask roughness and stencil shape influence on void formation in solder joints
Authors: Kozak Martin , Vesely Petr , Dusek Karel
Published: March 2023

Voids inside solder joints are empty spaces negatively affecting the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the solder joint. This article deals with this problematics using two novel approaches to reduce voids’ occurrence. The first approach is the change of the roughness of the solder mask to influence the flux spreading around the solder pad. The second approach is the deposition of the same volume of the solder paste to the solder pads using a modified, thicker stencil with smaller apertures. The experiments were performed for solder pastes containing SAC305 alloy and two types of fluxes (ROL0/ROL1). Solder joints were inspected by X-ray imaging, and the shots were subsequently processed by image analysis. For determination of the spreading area of the flux around the solder pad during the reflow process, the tested boards were scanned by a confocal digital microscope. The results showed that more aggressive flux caused less voiding in terms of the average area of voids covering the soldering pad. Analysis of samples prepared with modified stencils showed a much lower proportion of voids than with the standard stencil. Furthermore, the results revealed that the selection of the solder mask type significantly influenced the voids’ formation within solder joints in the case of the unmodified stencil for solder paste deposition. On the other hand, when the modified stencils were used for sample preparation, the solder mask had no further impact on voiding. Therefore, modifying the stencil can be pointed out as a preferable and effective way.
Dynamic response of an elliptic cylinder inclusion with imperfect interfaces subjected to plane SH wave
Authors: Luo Hao , Tao Ming , Wu Chengqing , Cao Wenzhuo
Published: March 2023

Underground chambers or tunnels often contain inclusions, the interface between the inclusion and the surrounding rock is not always perfect, which influences stress wave propagation. In this study, the imperfect interface and transient seismic wave were represented using the spring model and Ricker wavelet. Based on the wave function expansion method and Fourier transform, an analytical formula for the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) for an elliptical inclusion with imperfect interfaces subjected to a plane SH-wave was determined. The theoretical solution was verified via numerical simulations using the LS-DYNA software, and the results were analyzed. The effects of the wave number (k), radial coordinate (ξ), stiffness parameter (β), and differences in material properties on the dynamic response were evaluated. The numerical results revealed that the maximum DSCF always occurred at both ends of the elliptical minor axis, and the transient DSCF was generally a factor of 2–3 greater than the steady-state DSCF. Changes in k and ξ led to variations in the DSCF value and spatial distribution, changes in β resulted only in variations in the DSCF value, and lower values of ωp and β led to a greater DSCF under the same parameter conditions. In addition, the differences in material properties between the medium and inclusion significantly affected the variation characteristics of the DSCF with k and ξ.
How Pain-Related Facial Expressions Are Evaluated in Relation to Gender, Race, and Emotion
Authors: Dildine Troy C. , Amir Carolyn M. , Parsons Julie , Atlas Lauren Y.
Published: March 2023

Inequities in pain assessment are well-documented; however, the psychological mechanisms underlying such biases are poorly understood. We investigated potential perceptual biases in the judgments of faces displaying pain-related movements. Across five online studies, 956 adult participants viewed images of computer-generated faces (“targets”) that varied in features related to race (Black and White) and gender (women and men). Target identity was manipulated across participants, and each target had equivalent facial movements that displayed varying intensities of movement in facial action-units related to pain (Studies 1–4) or pain and emotion (Study 5). On each trial, participants provided categorical judgments as to whether a target was in pain (Studies 1–4) or which expression the target displayed (Study 5) and then rated the perceived intensity of the expression. Meta-analyses of Studies 1–4 revealed that movement intensity was positively associated with both categorizing a trial as painful and perceived pain intensity. Target race and gender did not consistently affect pain-related judgments, contrary to well-documented clinical inequities. In Study 5, in which pain was equally likely relative to other emotions, pain was the least frequently selected emotion (5%). Our results suggest that perceivers can utilize facial movements to evaluate pain in other individuals, but perceiving pain may depend on contextual factors. Furthermore, assessments of computer-generated, pain-related facial movements online do not replicate sociocultural biases observed in the clinic. These findings provide a foundation for future studies comparing CGI and real images of pain and emphasize the need for further work on the relationship between pain and emotion.
The Cambridge Companion to the Australian Novel
Authors: Birns Nicholas , Klee Louis
Published: March 2023

The Cambridge Companion to the Australian Novel provides a clear, lively, and accessible account of the novel in Australia. The chapters of this book survey significant issues and developments in the Australian novel, offer historical and conceptual frameworks, and demonstrate what reading an Australian novel looks like in practice. The book begins with novels by literary visitors to Australia and concludes with those by refugees. In between, the reader encounters the Australian novel in its splendid contradictoriness, from nineteenth-century settler fiction by women writers through to literary images of the Anthropocene, from sexuality in the novels of Patrick White to Waanyi writer Alexis Wright's call for a sovereign First Nations literature. This book is an invitation to students, instructors, and researchers alike to expand and broaden their knowledge of the complex histories and crucial present of the Australian novel.
Forensic Linguistics in the Philippines
Authors: Rañosa-Madrunio Marilu , Martin Isabel Pefianco
Published: March 2023

This Element offers a critical review of forensic linguistic studies in the Philippines. The studies within, collected over a period of eight to nine years, reveal relevant themes from texts in courtroom proceedings, legal writings, and police investigations. The studies also delve into issues of language choice and language policy. The Element begins with a description of language policy in the Philippines, focusing specifically on language in the legal domain. The main body of the Element is the critical review of Philippine forensic linguistics studies. This critical review takes a sociolinguistic stance, in that issues of language and law are discussed from the lens of social meanings and social practice. From this critical review of forensic linguistics studies, the authors hope to chart future directions for forensic linguistic studies and research in the Philippines.
Admiral Saumarez Versus Napoleon - The Baltic, 1807-12
Authors: Voelcker Tim
Published: March 2023

Detailed investigation of the key role played by Admiral Saumarez in the continuing naval warfare against Napoleon.
Robert `Curthose', Duke of Normandy [c. 1050-1134]
Authors: Aird William M.
Published: March 2023

New biography of Robert 'Curthose', eldest son of William the Conqueror, whose failure to secure the kingdom of England has overshadowed his role in the success of the First Crusade in capturing Jerusalem.
Alegorías del poder
Authors: Carreno-Rodriguez Antonio
Published: March 2023

Crítica metafórica de los reinados de Felipe III y de Felipe IV en las obras dramáticas de Lope de Vega, Tirso de Molina y Calderón de la Barca.
Celtic Curses
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: March 2023

Full analysis of ancient and medieval expressions of Celtic cursing, using evidence ranging from magical charms to curse tablets.
Geoff Harcourt and Economic Policy: Horses for Courses?
Authors: Green Roy , Harcourt Tim , Junankar PN (Raja)
Published: March 2023

Geoff Harcourt was a renowned economist and political activist who made a significant contribution to public policy, particularly in his home country of Australia. As a leading contributor to post-Keynesian theory, he believed a capitalist economy would not create full employment without significant policy intervention. On the labour market, he devised an approach to wage bargaining that integrated fairness with productivity growth in the context of Australia’s unique institutions of conciliation and arbitration. On tariff protection, he was agnostic, preferring a more proactive industry policy grounded in post-Keynesian principles and drawing on his early work on accounting theory and practice. His economic advice to the Australian Labor Party (ALP) Committee of Inquiry in 1979 refocused policy debate around the role of incomes policy, which became the centrepiece of the Hawke-Keating Government’s Accord with the trade union movement.
Restoring Indonesia’s (Un)Constitutional Constitution: Soepomo’s Authoritarian Constitution
Authors: Satrio Abdurrachman
Published: March 2023

The recent years saw the rise in discourse to undo the liberal-democratic amendments introduced between 1999 and 2002 and restore the Indonesian 1945 Constitution to its original 1945 version. Some Indonesian public figures believe that these amendments are not legitimate, because they are deemed to have eliminated the basic values of the original 1945 Constitution which was built on the “integralist” concept as propounded by its main architect Soepomo. According to the integralist conception, the state should be seen as a family in which the government played a role as a wise father who can bring its people to the right choice. This article seeks to prove that these amendments are legitimate although they constitute a “dismemberment” of the original 1945 Constitution. This is because the original 1945 Constitution was formed only by a handful of elites in an institution established by the Japanese occupying power in early 1945. By contrast, the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (People’s Consultative Assembly) who was in charge of the four amendments to the 1945 Constitution had a greater democratic legitimacy compared to the drafters of the original Constitution given that they were elected through the 1999 elections. Furthermore, the original 1945 Constitution was never intended to operate beyond the Indonesian revolutionary period, which ended in 1949. It was expected that the document be significantly changed or even replaced by the People’s Consultative Assembly through the amendment process.
Opportunities for improving data sharing and FAIR data practices to advance global mental health
Authors: Sadeh Yaara , Denejkina Anna , Karyotaki Eirini , Lenferink Lonneke I. M. , Kassam-Adams Nancy
Published: March 2023

It is crucial to optimize global mental health research to address the high burden of mental health challenges and mental illness for individuals and societies. Data sharing and reuse have demonstrated value for advancing science and accelerating knowledge development. The FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) Guiding Principles for scientific data provide a framework to improve the transparency, efficiency, and impact of research. In this review, we describe ethical and equity considerations in data sharing and reuse, delineate the FAIR principles as they apply to mental health research, and consider the current state of FAIR data practices in global mental health research, identifying challenges and opportunities. We describe noteworthy examples of collaborative efforts, often across disciplinary and national boundaries, to improve Findability and Accessibility of global mental health data, as well as efforts to create integrated data resources and tools that improve Interoperability and Reusability. Based on this review, we suggest a vision for the future of FAIR global mental health research and suggest practical steps for researchers with regard to study planning, data preservation and indexing, machine-actionable metadata, data reuse to advance science and improve equity, metrics and recognition.
Tunable compact asynchronous optical sampling system using Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Zhao Zilin , Luo Daping , Liu Yang , Deng Zejiang , Zhou Lian , Xie Gehui , Gu Chenglin , Yang Yanzhao , Wu Bin , Li Wenxue
Published: March 2023

We report a compact, tunable, self-starting, all-fiber laser-based asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) system. Two Er-doped fiber oscillators were used as the pulsed-laser source, whose repetition rate could be set at 100 MHz with a tuning range of 1.25 MHz through a fiber delay line. By employing phase-locked and temperature control loops, the repetition rate offset of the two lasers was stabilized with 7.13 × 10−11 fractional instability at an average time of 1 s. Its capabilities in the terahertz regime were demonstrated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, achieving a spectral bandwidth of 3 THz with a dynamic range of 30 dB. The large range of repetition rate adjustment in our ASOPS system has the potential to be a powerful tool in the terahertz regime.
Categorizing People in the New States: A Comparative Study of Communist China and North Korea
Authors: Wang Juan , Kim Jung Eun
Published: March 2023

What motivates states’ choice of social classification? Existing explanations highlight scientific beliefs of modern states or social engineering by ideological regimes. Focusing on the initial state-building period of two Communist regimes, China and North Korea, this article complements the existing literature and suggests that social classification reflects three missions of political leaders: regime distinction, governance, and power consolidation. Population categories are created to distinguish the new government from the old, to selectively provide welfare, and to attack political opponents. The varying weight of the missions and their manifestation in social classification depend on new ruling elites’ cohesion and past experiences. This comparative historical analysis sheds light on the rise of political chaos in China and the personalistic dictatorship in North Korea in the 1970s.
Is the Sacker–Sell type spectrum equal to the contractible set?
Authors: Wu Mengda , Xia Yonghui
Published: March 2023

For linear differential systems, the Sacker–Sell spectrum (dichotomy spectrum) and the contractible set are the same. However, we claim that this is not true for the linear difference equations. A counterexample is given. For the convenience of research, we study the relations between the dichotomy spectrum and the contractible set under the framework on time scales. In fact, by a counterexample, we show that the contractible set could be different from dichotomy spectrum on time scales established by Siegmund [J. Comput. Appl. Math., 2002]. Furthermore, we find that there is no bijection between them. In particular, for the linear difference equations, the contractible set is not equal to the dichotomy spectrum. To counter this mismatch, we propose a new notion called generalized contractible set and we prove that the generalized contractible set is exactly the dichotomy spectrum. Our approach is based on roughness theory and Perron's transformation. In this paper, a new method for roughness theory on time scales is provided. Moreover, we provide a time-scaled version of the Perron's transformation. However, the standard argument is invalid for Perron's transformation. Thus, some novel techniques should be employed to deal with this problem. Finally, an example is given to verify the theoretical results.
Collective Memory in Post-Genocide Societies: Rethinking Enduring Trauma and Resilience in Halabja
Authors: Karim Hawraman Fariq , Baser Bahar
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the collective memory that occurred as a result of the chemical attack on Halabja, on March 16, 1988. In light of discussions that deal with memory and reconciliation in post-genocide societies, we look at how collective memory and “postmemory” are formed among the survivors and their descendants. The merit of the article is that it brings together the victim's accounts and creates a bottom-up perspective that challenges the official accounts created by Kurdish and non-Kurdish elites as part of top-down narratives on what happened that day in Halabja and how it should be commemorated. The interviewee narratives illustrate that people of Halabja consider the memory of the chemical attack as an enduring trauma that creates a shared rendering of the past and continues to shape their collective identity. While each generation transfers this collective memory to the next, they also seek justice via shared commemoration practices outside official discourses. In their narratives, reprobation is not directed solely toward the Saddam Hussein regime, but also toward the current rulers of the Kurdistan Region as well.
Gender Roles and Feminism: The Experience of Barzani Single Mothers
Authors: Sadiq Ibrahim , Fattah Media
Published: March 2023

Under the leadership of the Baʿthists, in 1983, the Iraqi state arrested some 5,000-8,000 members, all male, of the Barzani tribe of Kurds and subsequently killed them. The mothers, wives, and children of these men were put into compounds controlled by Iraqi security forces. As a result, thousands of children were left without their fathers and hundreds of wives were suddenly left widowed. In a society where patriarchy dominates the homelife, single mothers were left with the challenges of taking up the role of their male partners. The very definition of motherhood transformed as they rose to meet the incredible tasks ahead of them, and indeed, the experience dismantled stereotypical images of motherhood, but not without untold pain and suffering. In this study, an attempt is made to shed light on the experiences of these lonely Barzani mothers and how they were affected by their altered gender roles.
The use of variable camber to reduce drag, weight and costs of transport aircraft
Authors: Spillman J. J.
Published: March 2023

It was while lecturing at Cranfield in the late 1970s and early 80s on the aerodynamic design of aircraft wings that the ideas discussed in this paper began to develop. My work on wing tip sails had led me to look in some detail at the flight of birds and their ability to vary wing camber. I realised that this was an attractive way to overcome the need to compromise between the design requirements associated with the different regimes of flight necessary with fixed geometry.

To be economically attractive, civil aircraft have to be capable of operating over a wide range of flight conditions. For example, an executive jet may be required to fly fast and low at light weight over a short stage length, such as London to Paris, on one day, and fly heavily loaded a much longer stage length the next, when it is desirable for the aircraft to fly high and at an economical speed.
36th Roy Chadwick Lecture — Manufacturing Breakout 1941-1991. Development in aerospace industry manufacturing techniques
Authors: Summerfield P. H.
Published: March 2023

Fifty years ago, the A.V. Roe Team took the Lancaster four engined bomber (Fig. 1) from concept to first flight in a period of about nine months. Under the driving pressures of War and with an outstanding approach to the challenges of the project, a number of key concepts emerged, which are still considered modern and innovative today:

Teamworking and leadership

Design for ease of production

Simultaneous engineering

Materials and parts supply logistics

This approach considered the aircraft engineering process as a whole and kept the ultimate aims of the project uppermost.

The project achieved remarkable manufacturing performance targets; assembly of 49 aircraft per week at peak production, combined with a three and a half day assembly lead time.

After the War, the need to manufacture aircraft in large volumes decreased and at the same time rapid technical advancements dramatically increased aircraft complexity. The nature of the industry changed and the balanced application of design engineering and manufacturing logistics that had made Lancaster manufacture so successful, became of secondary importance. During the 1970s and 1980s improvements in manufacturing within the aerospace industry were fragmented and now, at the beginning of 1990s, when the UK aerospace industry is compared with other sophisticated, high-technology industries, most business performance indicators are firmly at the bottom of the league (Fig. 2).
‘The first fifty years of composite materials in aircraft construction’
Authors: Middleton D. H.
Published: March 2023

The title of this article may surprise those who look upon composites as a recent innovation. The first major step was taken in 1940 when Dr Norman de Bruyne's Aero Research Ltd of Duxford, now part of the Ciba-Geigy Group, built a Spitfire fuselage in Aerolite, a material developed by them comprising flax thread skeined and impregnated with a phenolic resin and formed in a heated press. The project arose as a safeguard against a possible war-time shortage of aluminium alloys. Tests at RAE proved entirely satisfactory whilst the weight was the same as the metal version, see Figs 1-3.

In 1947 Turner Brothers developed a chrysotile asbestos fibre reinforced phenolic resin called Durestos. The wings of the experimental Fairey Delta E10/47 were built from it and were the first primary composite structures to be flown.

Since those days immense strides have been made in the use of advanced composites, most modern civil and military aircraft taking advantage of their unique properties.
Technical Note— Hydrogen combustion in a hypersonic airstream
Authors: Casey R. T. , Stalker R. J. , Brescianini C.
Published: March 2023

An experimental and computational investigation of hypervelocity, hypersonic combustion of hydrogen with air is described which was intended to confirm the presence of combustion at these conditions and then to gauge the pressure rise associated with the heat release of combustion. Experiments were conducted in a square cross section duct and wall pressure was measured. It was found that combustion did occur and that the maximum pressure increase was approximately 72% over the intake pressure.
A low-speed aerodynamic model for harmonically oscillating aircraft configurations
Authors: Singh N. , Bhattacharya S.
Published: March 2023

An economical numerical method has been developed to calculate unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft configurations, undergoing small amplitude simple harmonic motion in various laterally symmetric modes of oscillation, in inviscid incompressible flow, by taking advantage of the computational efficiency of internal distribution of singularities. The only approximation introduced in the method is the linearisation of the problem with respect to the amplitude of oscillation. A number of comparisons have been made to demonstrate the effects of different aircraft components on wing or tail pressure, and lift distributions.
Progress towards quieter civil helicopters
Authors: Lowson M.V.
Published: March 2023

A review of recent developments in helicopter noise reduction is presented. The paper includes a discussion of the present state of understanding of helicopter noise radiation mechanisms and a review of actual noise reductions achieved by the manufacturers over the past decade. An analysis of progress achieved in meeting certification limits is given, together with an evaluation of the impact on design. Future trends in helicopter noise reduction based on current noise research programmes are discussed and suggestions advanced for possible additional areas of study.
BOUNDS FOR FUNCTIONALS DEFINED ON A CERTAIN CLASS OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: BHOWMIK BAPPADITYA , PARVEEN FIRDOSHI
Published: March 2023

We obtain bounds for certain functionals defined on a class of meromorphic functions in the unit disc of the complex plane with a nonzero simple pole. These bounds are sharp in a certain sense. We also discuss possible applications of this result. Finally, we generalise the result to meromorphic functions with more than one simple pole.
Punishment, Patronage, and the Revenue Extraction Process in Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Fagbore Adam Simon
Published: March 2023

The processes of control and collection are prominent themes throughout pharaonic history. However, the extent that the central regime attempted to administer agricultural fields to collect revenues directly from the farmer who actually worked the land is unclear during the pharaonic period (c.2686–1069). Relations between those involved in agricultural cultivation and local headships of extended families and wider kinship groups were deeply embedded within a broad range of interpersonal discourses, behaviours, and practices. Village headmen and officials at all levels of an impersonalized “state” hierarchy were themselves landholders who drew income from the land and were held responsible for collecting revenues from their fields. It is therefore necessary to define, with a focus on the imperatives of a subsistence economy, who was working the land and what the relationship was between them, the headmen, and those from within outside power structures (in the context of direct intervention against specific groups of the population). To address these points, I will focus on revenue extraction as a “state” process, how it was connected to the role of punishment, and its impact on local hierarchies (the targets of revenue extraction).
In search of a data-driven symbolic multi-fluid ten-moment model closure
Authors: Donaghy John , Germaschewski Kai
Published: March 2023

The inclusion of kinetic effects into fluid models has been a long standing problem in magnetic reconnection and plasma physics. Generally, the pressure tensor is reduced to a scalar which is an approximation used to aid in the modelling of large scale global systems such as the Earth's magnetosphere. This unfortunately omits important kinetic physics which have been shown to play a crucial role in collisionless regimes. The multi-fluid ten-moment model, however, retains the full symmetric pressure tensor. The ten-moment model is constructed by taking moments of the Vlasov equation up to second order, and includes the scalar density, the vector bulk-flow and the symmetric pressure tensor for a total of ten separate components. Use of the multi-fluid ten-moment model requires a closure which truncates the cascading system of equations. Here we look to leverage data-driven methodologies to seek a closure which may improve the physical fidelity of the ten-moment multi-fluid model in collisionless regimes. Specifically, we use the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) method for symbolic equation discovery to seek the truncating closure from fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation data, which inherently retains the relevant kinetic physics. We verify our method by reproducing the ten-moment model from the particle-in-cell (PIC) data and use the method to generate a closure truncating the ten-moment model which is analysed through the nonlinear phase of reconnection.
SMITH AT 300: ADAM SMITH ON EQUITY, SOCIETY, AND STABILITY
Authors: Ramos Aida
Published: March 2023

In a discussion of wages and labor in the Wealth of Nations (WN), Adam Smith concludes: “No society can be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable. It is but equity, besides, that they who feed, clothe, and lodge the whole body of the people, should have such a share of the produce of their own labour as to be themselves tolerably well fed, clothed, and lodged” (Smith [1776] 1994, WN I.viii:90).
A MODIFICATION TO THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION FOR BROADER BANDWIDTH GRAVITY-CAPILLARY WAVES ON DEEP WATER WITH DEPTH-UNIFORM CURRENT
Authors: HALDER SOURAV , DHAR ASOKE KUMAR
Published: March 2023

We derive a nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the propagation of the three-dimensional broader bandwidth gravity-capillary waves including the effect of depth-uniform current. In this derivation, the restriction of narrow bandwidth constraint is extended, so that this equation will be more appropriate for application to a realistic sea wave spectrum. From this equation, an instability condition is obtained and then instability regions in the perturbed wavenumber space for a uniform wave train are drawn, which are in good agreement with the exact numerical results. As it turns out, the corrections to the stability properties that occur at the fourth-order term arise from an interaction between the mean flow and the frequency-dispersion term. Since the frequency-dispersion term, in the absence of depth-uniform current, for pure capillary waves is of opposite sign for pure gravity waves, so too are the corrections to the instability properties.