bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAJEMEN FASILITAS DI RUANG UTAMA MASJID AL FALAH SURABAYA
Authors: Ramandana Bima , Santoso Hari , Bramayudha Airlangga
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how the management of facility utilization and maintenance of facilities in the main room of Masjid Al-Falah Darmo Surabaya. The esearch used descriptive qualitative method. The research finding is Al-Falah Mosque Surabaya prioritizes management in maintaining the stability of worship by utilizing the facilities in the main room of the mosque, The conclusion is that the management of utilization and maintenance of facilities in the main room of Al-Falah Mosque in Surabaya is very concerned and maximally utilized with a variety of religious and social activities and hospitality from the administrators and the mosque's facilities and infrastructure section to become the mosque which is very crowded and visited by worshipers.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen pemanfaatan fasilitas dan pemeliharaan fasilitas di ruang utama Masjid Al-Falah Darmo Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: Masjid Al-Falah Surabaya sangat menjaga kestabilan ibadah dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas di ruang utama masjid tersebut. Kesimpulannya ialah bahwa pemanfaatan dan pemeliharaan fasilitas di ruang utama Masjid Al-Falah Surabaya sangat diperhatikan dan dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dengan berbagai kegiatan keagamaan maupun sosial serta keramahan dari para pengurus dan bagian sarana dan prasarana masjid menjadikan masjid tersebut sangat ramai dikunjungi dan didatangi oleh jama’ah.
MANAJEMEN PERTAMANAN MASJID ROUDHOTUL MUSYAAWAROH KEMAYORAN SURABAYA
Authors: Qisom Shobikhul , Azhari Azhari
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis research is intended to find out how the landscaping management process at the Kemayoran Mosque in Surabaya, namely how to plan, procure and maintain landscaping at the Kemayoran Mosque in Surabaya. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, using data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. In general, it can be concluded that the landscape management at the Kemayoran mosque in Surabaya runs according to the theory of landscape management.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses manajemen pertamanan di Masjid Kemayoran Surabaya, yaitu bagaimana perencanaan, pengadaan dan perawatan pertamanan di Masjid Kemayoran Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen pertamanan di masjid kemayoran Surabaya berjalan sesuai dengan teori manajemen pertamanan.
Ledelse, organisering og nådegaver i menigheter
Authors: Jenssen Jan Inge , Birkeland Kjell
Published: June 2021

In this article, we discuss whether leadership and organisational structure can influence and facilitate the use of spiritual gifts in congregations. The purpose is to substantiate a link and give some examples of what this relationship may be like. We argue that leaders contribute to the design of organisational structures and that they apply different leadership styles, which may have implications for the development of spiritual gifts. For instance, we try to show that proactive construction of various arenas; the size and composition of the group of participants at these arenas; and strong relational and change orientation within a transformational leadership style, will contribute positively to the development and practise of various gifts developed in the congregation.
Role of primary healthcare in the response to COVID-19: The Oman experience
Authors: Al Rashidi Badria , Al Wahaibi Ahmed H. , Mahomed Ozayr , Usman Langrial Sitwat , Al Awaidy Salah T.
Published: June 2021

Health authorities are focused on swiftly alleviating the spread of COVID-19 infections to support the overburdened healthcare system and reduce the mortality rates associated with the ongoing pandemic. Across Oman, there are 243 primary healthcare (PHC) clinics that act as the first point of contact for providing a comprehensive range of healthcare services. Further, they provide access to more than 30 programs that are delivered by well-trained primary care staff from different categories. PHCs adopted the strategy of providing healthcare services directly related to positive COVID-19 cases, preventing the likely spread of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers, and reducing the spread of COVID-19 in the community. This review outlines four major challenges that were observed and informally reported by the healthcare workers at PHCs in Oman from January to December 2020. Understanding the nature of these challenges can help health authorities in preparing effectively for any future viral outbreaks and mitigating them in a timely and efficient manner. One of the major challenges faced by PHCs was the reduction in outpatient services from January to December 2020 in comparison with the same time period in the last year. PHCs addressed the main health problems in the community through health promotion, as well as preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services under unusual circumstances. However, there is a need for a modified approach during circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This will help us cope with possible future viral outbreaks in a better manner.
El concepto de juventud: una mirada desde la perspectiva generacional
Authors: Yup de León Pablo David , Álvarez Arzate María Dolores
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se hace una revisión teórica del concepto de juventud desde la perspectiva generacional con el objetivo de conocer las diferentes conceptualizaciones de las juventudes vistas como parte de una generación global y Glocal en el contexto latinoamericano y centroamericano. Las fuentes utilizadas para la obtención de la información se basaron en la revisión de los repositorios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), por medio de los sistemas de bases de datos de bibliografía científica como Ebsco, Sage, Google Académico y la base de datos externa Taylor and Francis Online. La actual generación de jóvenes, llamada “generación Glocal”, vive en un mundo globalizado, de sobremodernidad, donde convergen la lógica del consumo, la tecnología, el internet y el acceso a la información sin precedentes. Las juventudes, como diría Mannheim, están influenciadas por su entorno socio histórico e impactan en las generaciones futuras, por ello es importante analizar las dinámicas que influyen en sus experiencias, así como las formas de adaptarlas a lo cotidiano, a lo Glocal y sus expresiones en espacio público en la primera década y sus proyecciones hacia la naciente segunda década del Siglo XXI.
Pluralidad en las teorías del emprendimiento
Authors: Solís Montoya Vania Lorena , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: June 2021

El emprendimiento es un fenómeno complejo, que ha evolucionado a partir de los aportes realizados desde diversas disciplinas científicas, las cuales, aún no logran un consenso. Existe una vasta variedad de teorías que han buscado exponer y comprender el fenómeno, desde una perspectiva excluyente, por lo cual no ha sido posible, para una sola disciplina, abarcar el carácter complejo y multidimensional del fenómeno. El presente artículo destaca la pluralidad en las teorías de emprendimiento, desde una visión integradora; con el objetivo de exponer los principales autores y aportes de las disciplinas científicas que han desarrollado significativos postulados en la teoría del emprendimiento. Ante la gran diversidad de estudios, se plantean como enfoques destacados las propuestas desde la teoría económica, psicológica y sociológica, como principales rutas de comprensión e interpretación de la actividad emprendedora. Dichas teorías forman en su conjunto una trama de elementos que permiten abordar la realidad del emprendimiento, presentando las aristas necesarias para una visión multidisciplinaria. La metodología utilizada corresponde a una revisión bibliográfica mediante bases de datos en línea, principalmente de libros y artículos científicos referidos al tema, sometidos a un análisis-síntesis, crítica y discusión.
A Study of Translation Methods Adopted in the Yangs’ Version of “Master Gao” from the Perspective of Manipulation Theory
Authors: Qin Ruijing , Yu Chengfa
Published: June 2021

Soon after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, foreign translation of Chinese culture was put on the agenda. Lu Xun’s short stories were selected as representative works and translated into English by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (hereinafter referred to as “the Yangs”) in the 1950s and 1960s under the special international and domestic environment, and they have played an important role in spreading Chinese culture to the world. Based on André Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory, especially its three elements, namely, poetics, ideology and patronage, this paper examines the translation methods adopted by the Yangs in their translation of Lu Xun’s short story “Master Gao”. Through example analysis, the article concludes that the Yangs mainly adopted literal translation under the influence of poetics, ideology and patronage in the then special social background. It is hoped that the research aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference for future translation and dissemination of Chinese literary works to the world.
Toward an AI-Enabled O-RAN-based and SDN/NFV-driven 5Ｇ& IoT Network Era
Authors: LinI Bao-Shuh Paul
Published: June 2021

Artificial Intelligent Technology has impacted tremendously in the areas of high performance computing, and network and communicatons industries. The advantages of a system applying AI includes performance improvent, optimization, and intelligent or smart AnFor intelligent fesure of 5G, network slicing, provided by Network equipment vendor by applying AI, softwarization and virtualization technologies to the network. For many other industries and applications such as healthcare, agriculture, finance, have benefited from AI technology in particular machine learning and deep learning within AL.With the integration of AI, 5G, and Inernet of Thngs, the industrial applications, smart farms, precision medicine.,smart city. This article focuses on the System architecture and design of open networking solution of the future of 5G, beyond-5G (B5G) or 6G. Among the challenges of an ON system solution, the propriety of radio access network (RAN) is one of essential challenges. The Open-RAN Alliance is formed through the integration of C-RAN Alliance and X-RAN Forum. The O-RAN Alliance mission’s is converting the radio access network industry to become an open networking intelligent, virtualized, and fully interoperable RAN. To realize B5G or 6G by applying O-RAN architecture and ecosystem is called O-RAN based B5G/6G The Integration of O-RAN based 5G RAN part and the SDN/NFV-based softwarization and virtualization of Core Network, Transport Network and Management functions, we can derive a stage of fully Open Networking architecture for the software (AI/M/DL) developers to work.
Investigation on the Modeling and Dynamic Characteristics of a Novel Hydraulic Proportional Valve Driven by a Voice Coil Motor
Authors: Han Mingxing , Liu Yinshui , Liao Yitao , Wang Shucai
Published: June 2021

As the key control component of the water hydraulic systems, the water hydraulic proportional valve has a significant influence on the control performance of the systems. Due to the poor viscosity and lubricity of water, the valve spool resistance is large and non-linear. In this study, a novel fast-response water hydraulic proportional valve is presented. The actuator of the valve adopts a voice coil motor (VCM), which has the advantages of fast response, high control precision and small volume. In order to realize the fast control of the valve, a lever amplifier is designed to obtain enough actuation force. A detailed and precise non-linear mathematical model of the valve considering both the valve’s structural parameters and VCM electromagnetic characteristics is developed. A comprehensive performance simulation analysis has been carried out, mainly divided into an electromagnetic simulation, an analysis of the characteristics of the lever magnifier, and a dynamic performance simulation of the valve. The simulation results show that the adjusting time is about 28ms, and the maximum overshoot is about 5 %. The step response rise time is about 15 ms. The test rig of the valve and VCM have been built. The test results of the prototype show that the optimal stroke range of VCM is 4 mm to 15 mm. The maximum overshoot of the valve is around 10 %; the adjusting time is about 30 ms in the opening process and 35 ms in the closing process. The test results prove that the valve has good static and dynamic control performance.
Structural Transformation Options of the Saudi Economy Under Constraint of Depressed World Oil Prices
Authors: Soummane Salaheddine , Ghersi Frédéric , Lecocq Franck
Published: June 2021

We implement the hybrid (energy-economy) recursive-dynamic multisector IMA-CLIM model with important adaptations to Saudi macroeconomics. We design two scenarios reflecting both the Saudi Vision 2030 economic development program and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to greenhouse gas mitigation: Continuity of previous plans to expand energy-intensive activities under maintained energy-pricing policies, versus Transformation by economic diversification away from hydrocarbon-related activities and fiscal and energy-pricing reforms. We show that, compared to Continuity, Transformation improves activity, employment and public budget outlooks, while considerably abating the energy intensity of GDP and total CO2 emissions. Our results thus point at the relevance of economic diversification as both a hedging strategy against international climate change mitigation depressing oil markets and a national climate mitigation strategy for Saudi Arabia. However, the successful advancement of the reforms necessary for diversification remains conditional to setting a suitable institutional framework for a competitive economy.
The Impact of Felling Method, Bunch Size, Slope Degree and Skidding Area on Productivity and Costs of Skidding in a Eucalyptus Plantation
Authors: Miyajima Ricardo Hideaki , Simões Danilo , Fenner Paulo Torres , Batistela Gislaine Cristina
Published: June 2021

Grapple skidder is a machine designed for the extraction of tree bunches after felling. Several factors influence its technical performance and costs such as terrain slope, operator experience time, machine type, and the size of tree bunches for each operating cycle, among others. Thus, it becomes necessary to weigh the variables that most influence the productivity and costs of the grapple skidder. So, the main objective was evaluated according to the influence of bunch size using two feller bunchers with distinct technical characteristics, two slope classes and two skidding areas on the productivity and machine production cost in a Eucalyptus plantation. For the analysis of the productivity, the study of time and method was applied and the scheduled machine cost per hour was based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations methods. When analyzing the results, it was found that the operational elements moving without load (MWoL) and moving with load (MWL) were the ones that spend the most time in the operational cycle of the grapple skidder. Among the cost components, monetary expenditure on fuel and operator labor were the most influential in the scheduled machine cost per hour. In conclusion, the tree bunches and slope class influenced the productivity and, consequently, the cost of the skidding operation.
Construção da identidade homossexual em homens: o consumo de (e em) casas noturnas
Authors: Moraes José Augusto Mansur , Ferreira Daniela Abrantes
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender de que formas as identidades homossexuais se manifestam em homens jovens-adultos no contexto de consumo de casas noturnas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e dos bens e serviços consumidos destas. Método: Foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa descritiva, com uso de entrevistas em profundidade. Para a interpretação dos dados foi usada análise de conteúdo, considerando o contexto social dos entrevistados.Originalidade/Relevância: Foco da pesquisa em um grupo diversificado em termos de etnia e classe socioeconômica e na relação destes com uma experiência de consumo primordialmente de serviços.Resultados: As casas noturnas – especialmente aquelas que acolhem outras minorias –proporcionam segurança e acolhimento para os homossexuais, contribuindo para fazer visível identidades que, muitas vezes, são tornadas invisíveis por eles próprios e por grande parte da sociedade. A heterossexualidade é utilizada como padrão de comparação para os homossexuais se reconhecerem, mas os lugares consumidos parecem contribuir temporal e localmente para o enfraquecimento da heteronormatividade. Dentro dos ambientes estudados, bens, serviços e territórios são consumidos, interagindo com valores e ideias de seus consumidores, gerando novos significados para aquele consumo e estendendo a identidade daqueles indivíduos também a suas posses de bens e de lugares.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A pesquisa traz contribuições para a compreensão sobre a relação entre consumo e a formação de identidades homossexuais, desafiando o padrão dominante nas pesquisas de homem branco de classe socioeconômica privilegiada e explorando as dimensões socioculturais do consumo no âmbito de serviços e bens.
Assessment of the effectiveness of massage for spinal pain as part of primary healthcare: a pilot study
Authors: Tchorowska Ewa , Wilk Iwona , Kassolik Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Background: Pain in the spine is one of the most common issues in the musculoskeletal system. 70–80% of the population experiences an acute spine pain incident at least once in their life, and 50% struggle with a chronic form of this health problem. Factors contributing this situation include static work, a sedentary lifestyle, a minimal amount of physical activity, stress, and poor nutrition. Massage is among the many therapeutic methods used for the treatment of back pain. This is a non-invasive method that involves manipulation of the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system, where symptoms directly related to the disease appear.
Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of tensegrity massage therapy for lumbar spine pain. The study presents the possibility of cooperation between the physiotherapist and primary care physician as part of primary health care.
Material and Methods: The study involved 25 participants (15 women and 10 men) diagnosed with pain in the lumbar spine. The participants were aged 23–70 years with a mean age of 50 years (SD ± 14.77). Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during a functional test, and functional disability was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Measurements were taken before and immediately after therapy. A palpation assessment was performed before each massage session. The therapy consisted of six 45-minute tensegrity massage sessions performed twice a week for three weeks.
Results: Pain during the functional test and the subjective feeling of pain measured by the VAS decreased following treatment. The ODI results revealed a significant improvement from moderate to low disability. The results obtained were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Tensegrity massage contributed to a reduction in back pain and improved the functioning of the patient. This therapy can be a complementary method to conservative treatments for spinal diseases.
Enteral feedıng vıdeo traınıng for the relatıves of head and neck cancer patıents: evaluatıon of ıts ımpact on knowledge and practıce
Authors: Günay Ismailoğlu Elif , Orkun Nilay , Zaybak Ayten , Çepken Kanlıoğlu Makbule
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of using videos during enteral feeding training on the level of relevant knowledge and practice.
Materials and methods: A randomized controlled quasi-experimental, post-test research design was used. We included 33 patients and relatives in the video group while 31 patients their relatives in the control group. In video group, the video recording was shown to the relatives in addition to verbal training however only verbal training was given in the control group. The relatives’ level of knowledge and practice score was evaluated.
Results: Mean enteral feeding knowledge scores of patient relatives were found to be 76.7 ± 7.97 in the
video group and 42.1 ± 12.57 in the control group. Mean enteral feeding practice scores were as follows: 19.64 ± 3.3 for the video group and 13 ± 3.63 for the control group.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the enteral feeding training provided by using the video method increased the knowledge and practice levels of patient relatives.
Implications for Practice: Video material prepared for the clinic will be a guide for clinical nurses and help them in their enteral feeding training and care planning.
Nutritional habits and emotional eating of adults during social isolation days due to Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Yılmaz Akyüz Elvan , Yılmaz Onal Hulya , Yuksel Aysun
Published: June 2021

Purpose: In this study, the effect of BMI values on eating habits and emotional eating of individuals in social isolation and quarantine process implemented in Turkey as a result of COVID-19 pandemic were investigated.
Materials and methods: An online questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study. A total of 2019 participants were included in the study between April and May 2020. Individuals' nutritional behaviors, emotional eating scores using the three-factor eating questionnaire stress level, appetite status, desire to eat desserts and anxiety about food access using a visual analog scale were evaluated with the questionnaire.
Results: The study participated 1589 women and 430 men over the ages of 20. The obesity rate was 8.7% in women and 19.3% in men. There was a relationship between the stress score and the change in consumed food in women and in men. Involuntary weight changes were found significant in both men and women compared to BMI groups. Cereal and starchy food consumption were found to be related to BMI groups in men and women. It was determined that the average appetite levels and Emotional Eating Scale scores in both sexes were different between BMI groups.
Conclusions: The findings show that the participants' eating habits have changed in quarantine-related social isolation. Emotional eating has increased in direct proportion with BMI, and involuntary weight gain has increased.
Post intensive care syndrome prevention and impact of COVID 19
Authors: Alefragkis Dimitrios
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been a maximum increase in admissions to the intensive care unit, culminating in an exponential increase in admissions during the COVID 19 pandemic. Many patients who survived and were discharged from the intensive care unit have cognitive, physical, and psychological disorders that are reflected in the term post-intensive care syndrome. Patients and their families show symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and sleep problems. The result is that they negatively affect their quality of life. Numerous risk factors contribute to the development of this syndrome, mainly the sedation, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the length of stay in the intensive care unit. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures to prevent this syndrome including ABCDEFGH care plan, physical rehabilitation, nutritional support, and intensive care unit diaries. Care must also be given to the creation of Post Intensive care unit clinics where they have a diagnostic, therapeutic, counseling, and rehabilitation role that will act as assistants in the care of patients after discharge from the intensive care unit. Also, special care should be taken with patients who have recovered from COVID 19 whose needs are increasing and need immediate treatment. This review aims to analyze post-intensive care syndrome, prevention measures, and the impact of COVID 19. In conclusion, it is necessary to take measures to treat post-intensive care unit syndrome with early diagnosis and treatment, to reduce the adverse effects on both patients and their families.
The Contemporary Model of The Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in The Concepts of Behavioral Epidemiology as The Basis for Obesity Research and The Choice of Methods and Tools for Measuring Behavior and Human Movement of Children and Youth. Discussion Paper
Authors: Mleczko Edward , Szymańska Elżbieta , Wojnar Karolina
Published: June 2021

Aim. Presentation of the assumptions of the new definition of physical activity and their consequences for the interpretation of the essence and the measurement of its category and components. Material and methods. Unobtrusive research, content analysis, narrative review Results. Based on the review of the positions of American methodologists of behavioral epidemiology on the definition of physical activity attention was drawn to its new approach, alternative to that created in the 1980s.The detailed analysis of the model of the structure of physical activity, built on the assumptions of the new definition, allowed to indicate its innovativeness and consequences for: interpretation of its essence (as behaviour) and for the quantitative or qualitative measurement of the components of the structures of the new model: behaviour, human movement, exercise, physical fitness, fitness in terms of health (health related fitness, H-RF). Conclusions. 1. The new concept of the definition of physical activity deserves wider popularization outside the American continent because it is the result of the experience and broad scientific discussion of outstanding representatives of behavioral epidemiology, the leading American scientific trend, creating methodological foundations for research on obesity and other civilization diseases, health training and physical education. 2. Regardless of the existing barriers (most often mental) in the adoption of new concepts by supporters of the concept of physical activity, in the sense of movement or physical fitness, and despite the well-established positions of traditionalists regarding changes in the methods of promoting physical activity and participation in the broadly understood physical culture, the logical nature of the theoretical foundations and pedagogical pragmatism, supported by research results, suggests that in the matter of adopting a new concept of human movement and methods of studying motor behavior, one should strive to challenge the regularities found by Dutch researchers (Kemper and Van Mechelen) with regard to the acceptance of American physical fitness tests in the past: In Europe, the development of fitness tests followed the Americans, with a delay of 20 years. [1].
Detection and Management of Early Glucose Abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Theocharous Katerina , Prentice Bernadette , F. Verge Charles , Jaffé Adam , Hameed Shihab
Published: June 2021

With advances in technology, it is now possible to detect the emergence of glucose abnormalities in cystic fibrosis with improved sensitivity, and from a very early age. These abnormalities are increasingly recognized as predictors of clinical decline, raising the possibility that early intervention may slow or prevent this deterioration. In this chapter, we will review the available literature on methods of detecting glucose abnormalities in cystic fibrosis (random and fasting glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance testing, and continuous glucose monitoring), and detail their advantages and possible limitations in the interpretation of glycemic data. We will also discuss treatment outcomes of early intervention, prior to the diagnosis of diabetes as currently defined.
Culture Free CBT for Diverse Groups
Authors: Phiri Peter , Clarke Isabel , Baxter Lydia , Elliot Kathryn , Rathod Shanaya , Naeem Farooq
Published: June 2021

Traumatic experiences are known to have a significant impact upon one’s physical and mental health. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is understood to be a common mental health consequence of trauma. However, Complex Trauma and consequences of adverse childhood experiences appear more prevalent and a serious public health concern that hinders the individual’s daily existence, thus emphasising the need to implement a culturally free treatment intervention. In this chapter, we begin by introducing traumatic experiences in several contexts and explore the treatment for trauma. It will focus on a research study that employs Comprehend, Cope and Connect (CCC), a third wave CBT approach, to deliver a culturally free form of therapy that has been adapted for individuals from diverse populations. The CCC approach’s relevance to cultural adaptation is explained and discussed through the use of two case examples from the main study. The Culture Free study found that CCC was both feasible and acceptable in diverse populations, echoing existing research on cultural adaptations which found use of mindfulness to be accepted and appreciated as an effective intervention that can elicit concrete positive change across a broad range of mental health presentations, including trauma and trans-diagnostically. Further investigations utilising a robust methodology and powered sample are warranted in particular with diverse populations presenting with complex trauma.
Perspectives of Nano-Materials and Nanobiosensors in Food Safety and Agriculture
Authors: Mathivanan Sivaji
Published: June 2021

Nanobiosensor is one type of biosensor made up with usage of nanomaterials i.e., nanoparticles and nanostructures. Because of the nanomaterials’ unique properties such as good conductivity, and physicochemical, electrochemical, optical, magnetic and mechanical properties, Nanobiosensors are highly reliable and more sensitive in biosensing approaches over conventional sensors which is having various limitation in detection. Quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, magnetic and other nanoparticles enhance sensitivity and lower limit of detection by amplifying signals and providing novel signal transduction mechanisms enable detection of a very low level of food contaminants, pesticides, foodborne pathogens, toxins and plant metabolites. Nanobiosensors are having a lot of scope in sustainable agriculture because of its detecting ability i.e., sensing changes occurred in molecular level. So it can be utilized to find out the variations or modification of plant metabolities, volatiles, gas exchange, hormonal and ion concentration etc. which are the indicators of various harsh environmental stresses (abiotic), biotic and physiological stress. Identification of the stress in the starting stage itself will help us to avoid intensive plant damage and prevent yield losses created by the stress. Nanosensors can be used in smart farming, in which all the environmental factors related to plant growth like temperature, water, pH, humidity, nutritional factor etc. are measured and precaution taken to control the factors which reduce the crop production with the help of IOT platform, thereby enhance the productivity. In this review, discussed about nanobiosensors for detection of food contaminants and various application and its potential in agriculture.
Active Gaits Generation of Quadruped Robot Using Pulse-Type Hardware Neuron Models
Authors: Takei Yuki , Morishita Katsuyuki , Tazawa Riku , Saito Ken
Published: June 2021

In this chapter, the authors will propose the active gait generation of a quadruped robot. We developed the quadruped robot system using self-inhibited pulse-type hardware neuron models (P-HNMs) as a solution to elucidate the gait generation method. We feedbacked pressures at the robot system’s each foot to P-HNM and varied the joints’ angular velocity individually. We experimented with making the robot walk from an upright position on a flat floor. As a result of the experiment, we confirmed that the robot system spontaneously generates walk gait and trot gait according to the moving speed. Also, we clarified the process by which the robot actively generates gaits from the upright state. These results suggest that animals may generate gait using a similarly simple method because P-HNM mimics biological neurons’ function. Furthermore, it shows that our robot system can generate gaits adaptively and quite easily.
Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Women Aged 15-49 Years in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the 2005/6, 2010/11 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Mangombe Kudzaishe , Wekwete Naomi , Milanzi Amos , Musizvingoza Ronald , Lwanga Charles
Published: June 2021

Overweight and obesity have increasingly become a health concern globally and, in particular, developing countries such as Zimbabwe. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies in the country have controlled for other factors, but none have examined the relationship between household assets ownership and body mass index. This study examines the association between demographic, socioeconomic factors and household assets ownership and obesity among Zimbabwean women of reproductive age over the 10-year period from 2005 to 2015 based on three Demographic and Health Surveys. The analytical sample consisted of non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years who were dejure household residents. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between background variables and Body Mass Index. Women in urban areas, with higher education, working and from richer households are more likely to be at risk of overweight and obesity. However, possession of household assets such as television, radio and telephone were not associated with overweight/obesity, except for the television in 2010/11. Thus, there is need for constant awareness programmes on healthy eating food, and physical activity especially among older women and those working.
Approaches for Handling Immunopathological and Clinical Data Using Deep Learning Methodology: Multiplex IHC/IF Data as a Paradigm
Authors: Goh Siting , Chua Yueda , Lee Justina , Yeong Joe , Cai Yiyu
Published: June 2021

Recent advancements in deep learning based artificial intelligence have enabled us to analyse complex data in order to provide patients with improved cancer prognosis, which is an important goal in precision health medicine. In this chapter, we would be discussing how deep learning could be applied to clinical data and immunopathological images to accurately determine survival rate prediction for patients. Multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) is a relatively new technology for simultaneous detection of multiple specific proteins from a single tissue section. To adopt deep learning, we collected and pre-processed the clinical and mIHC/IF data from a group of patients into three branches of data. These data were subsequently used to train and validate a neural network. The specific process and our recommendations will be further discussed in this chapter. We believe that our work will help the community to better handle their data for AI implementation while improving its performance and accuracy.
Applications of Aluminum Alloys in Rail Transportation
Authors: Sun Xiaoguang , Han Xiaohui , Dong Chaofang , Li Xiaogang
Published: June 2021

This chapter focus on the latest applications of aluminum alloys in rail transportation field. The typical high-strength aluminum alloys used on high speed train is introduced. The unique properties of aluminum alloys are analyzed. The detailed application is illustrated including car-body, gear box and axle box tie rod. The main challenges encountered in the application are also mentioned. The key manufacturing techniques, such as casting, forming, welding, are analyzed. Finally, the future improvement directions for better application is summarized. It is expected to set up a bridge for materials providers, equipment manufacturers and end-users, thereby promoting the advance of manufacturing technology and application of aluminum alloys in wider fields.
Discovery of Hepatitis C Virus: Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2020
Authors: Praveen Talari
Published: June 2021

Scientists were successful in discovering Hepatitis A and B, but there is another virus which has a long incubation period, many people are asymptomatic and cause adverse effects. Three scientists Harvey J Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M Rice who have contributed their work in discovering a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus called Hepatitis C. Hepatitis is a disorder associated with the functioning hepatic cells in the liver. The person infected with Hepatitis C will have poor functioning of liver, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice and appetite. In this paper, I am going to explain about the Hepatitis C virus, and the work was done by three scientists and various research around it.
Cardiomyopathy in Duchenne Muscular Distrophy: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Adorisio Rachele , Mencarelli Erica , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Grandinetti Maria
Published: June 2021

Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy (DMD-DCM) is characterized by progressive ventricular dilation and dysfunction that can begin at any age and worsens over time. Thanks to the lengthening of life expectancy due to better management of respiratory involvement, end-stage heart failure (HF) is becoming the main cause of death for DMD patients. Therefore, from the time of DMD diagnosis, every effort should be focused to early detect the onset and the worsening of the DMD-DCM, with the aim of starting and modulating the therapy to slow the progression of cardiac dysfunction. In cardiac evaluation, biomarkers, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms must be considered, but cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is now acquiring a leading role due to its sensitivity in the earlier identification of cardiac involvement. The management of DMD-DCM at end stage is a difficult challenge that requires a multidisciplinary team composed of clinical cardiologists, electrophysiologists, cardiac surgeons, neuromuscular specialists, and psychologists. Because of the lack of specific drugs for DMD, we will review the actual cardiovascular armamentarium including drugs used for HF.
Bioinoculants in Technological Alleviation of Climatic Stress in Plants
Authors: Younas Rafia , Gul Shiza , Ahmad Rehan , Raza Khan Ali , Khan Mumtaz , Anwar Tauseef , Qureshi Huma
Published: June 2021

Global climate change is leading to a series of frequent onset of environmental stresses such as prolonged drought periods, dynamic precipitation patterns, heat stress, and cold stress on plants and commercial crops. The increasing severity of such stresses is not only making agriculture and related economic sector vulnerable but also negatively influences plant diversity patterns. The global temperature of planet Earth has risen to 1.1°C since the last 19th century. An increase in surface temperature leads to an increase in soil temperature which ultimately reduces water content in the soil, thereby, reducing crop growth and yield. Moreover, this situation is becoming more intense for agricultural practices in arid and semi-arid regions. To overcome climatically induced stresses, acclimatization of plant species via bioinoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is becoming an effective approach. The PGPR are capable of colonizing rhizosphere (exophytes) as well as plant organs (endophytes), where they trigger an accumulation of osmolytes for osmoregulation or improving gene expression of heat or cold stress proteins, or by signaling the synthesis of phytohormones, metabolites, proteins, and antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Thus, PGPR exhibiting multiple plant growth-promoting traits can be employed via bioinoculants to improve the plant’s tolerance against unfavorable stress conditions.
Kalman Filter Estimation and Its Implementation
Authors: Ulin-Avila Erick , Ponce-Hernandez Juan
Published: June 2021

In this chapter, we use the Kalman filter to estimate the future state of a system. We present the theory, design, simulation, and implementation of the Kalman filter. We use as a case example the estimation of temperature using a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), which has not been reported before. After a brief literature review, the theoretical analysis of a Kalman filter is presented along with that of the RTD. The dynamics of the RTD system are analytically derived and identified using Matlab. Then, the design of a time-varying Kalman filter using Matlab is presented. The solution to the Riccati equation is used to estimate the future state. Then, we implement the design using C-code for a microprocessor ATMega328. We show under what conditions the system may be simplified. In our case, we reduced the order of the system to that of a system having a 1st order response, that of an RC system, giving us satisfactory results. Furthermore, we can find two first order systems whose response defines two boundaries inside which the evolution of a second order system remains.
Forward Osmosis Membrane Technology in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Şahin Deniz
Published: June 2021

In recent times, membrane technology has proven to be a more favorable option in wastewater treatment processes. Membrane technologies are more advantageous than conventional technologies such as efficiency, space requirements, energy, quality of permeate, and technical skills requirements. The forward osmosis (FO) membrane process has been widely applied as one of the promising technologies in water and wastewater treatment. Forward osmosis uses the osmotic pressure difference induced by the solute concentration difference between the feed and draw solutions. The proces requires a semi-permeable membrane which has comparable rejection range in size of pollutants (1 nm and below). This chapter reviews the application of FO membrane process in wastewater treatment. It considers the advantages and the disadvantages of this process.
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria – Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Ladoyanni Evmorfia
Published: June 2021

Chronic urticaria can be subclassified into chronic spontaneous urticaria and chronic inducible urticaria. Up to 30% of cases are associated with functional immunoglobulin G antibodies to the high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor FcεRIα or to immunoglobulin A. Pathogenic activation of mast cells and basophils gives rise to release of pro-inflammatory mediators that lead to development of hives. CSU is a debilitating disease with a relapsing course. It affects 0.5–1% of the population at any given time. The duration of CSU is generally 1–5 years but can be longer in cases associated with angioedema and autoreactivity. CSU has detrimental effects on life quality with sleep-deprivation and psychiatric disorders being the most frequent. In a great number of patients an underlying cause or eliciting factor cannot be identified. Among the patients in which an aetiology is suspected, infections, medication, food and psychological factors are most commonly associated. A potential autoimmune cause has been reported in up to 50% of patients. Chronic inducible urticaria is characterised by its ability to be triggered consistently and reproducibly in response to a specific stimulus (pressure, temperature, vibration, water, heat, light). Antihistamines form the mainstay of therapy. In recalcitrant chronic urticaria, a variety of other drugs have been tried.
Novel Applications of Nanoparticles in Nature and Building Materials
Authors: Ha Juyoung
Published: June 2021

Nanoparticles are assemblies of atoms in the size range less than 100 nanometers. At these length scales, the properties of particles may deviate significantly from those of the equivalent bulk material indicating that changes in physical and chemical properties of materials depend on the dimensions of the particle. The presence of mineral nanoparticles has been reported in a range of natural environments. Such nanoparticles can arise from a variety of mechanisms, including chemical weathering processes, precipitation from relatively saturated solutions in hydothermal and acid mine drainage environments, evaporation of aqueous solutions in soils, and biological formation by a variety of different microorganisms. Furthermore, recent increased applications of nanoparticles in different types of industries, including construction and building material manufacturing, have caused prevalent occurrences of different types of synthetic nanoparticles in the environment. In this chapter, a comprehensive reviews on occurrences and observations of naturally and anthropogeniccally generated nanoparticles in the environment and their characterization techniques will be discussed along with directions and suggestions for the future research topics and areas for nanomaterials.
Application of Kalman Filter and Breeding Ensemble Technique to Forecast the Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Thanh Cong , Nguyen Quynh Hoa Dao , Tan Tien Tran
Published: June 2021

Tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the major meteorology disasters, as they lead to deaths, destroy the infrastructure and the environment. Therefore, how to improve the predictability of TC’s activities, such as formation, track, and intensity, is very important and is considered an important task for current operational predicting TC centers in many countries. However, predicting TC’s activities has remained a big challenge for meteorologists due to our incomplete understanding of the multiscale interaction of TCs with the ambient environment and the limitation of numerical weather forecast tools. Hence, this chapter will exhibit some techniques to improve the ability to predict the formation and track of TCs using an ensemble prediction system. Particularly, the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) scheme and its implementation in the WRF Model, as well as the Vortex tracking method that has been applied for the forecast of TCs formation, will be presented in subSection 1. Application of Breeding Ensemble to Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model will be introduced in subSection 2.
Volcanoes: Identifying and Evaluating Their Significant Geoheritage Features from the Large to Small Scale
Authors: Brocx Margaret , Semeniuk Vic , J. Casadevall Tom , Tormey Dan
Published: June 2021

Across the globe, volcanoes and volcanic terrains present one of the most complex geological systems on Earth that, depending on magma type, viscosity, and water and gas content, form a diverse range of products in terms of geomorphology, lithologic suites, structures, and stratigraphy. In broad terms, magmas, with their diagnostic composition, derive from specific tectonic settings, e.g., basalt-dominated oceanic crusts, acidic magma from continental plates, and andesitic convergent-plate margins. In addition to magma composition and volcanic rock types, there is a wide range of volcanic products, manifest at all scales, dependent on how magma interacts with the Earth’s surface, varying, for instance, from lava flows such as vesicular lava beds and flow-banded to flow-laminated lava beds, to breccias, tephra (ejecta) deposits, and bombs, amongst others, each commonly with their diagnostic small-scale lithological/structural features. This wealth of rock types, stratigraphy, and structures linked to geologic setting, potentially has geoheritage significance, and we provide here methods tailored for volcanoes and volcanic rocks of identifying, classifying and evaluating the complex and heterogeneous nature of volcanoes so that the full complement of their geology for a given region can be appreciated and incorporated into thematic geoparks, Nature Reserves and protected areas. For sites of geoheritage significance, we present (1) a globally-applicable Geoheritage Tool-kit to systematically identify volcanic geoheritage sites, (2) a technique to classify/categorise geoheritage sites, and (3) a semi-quantitative method to evaluate the geoheritage significance of volcanic sites.