bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrically Oscillating Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Enhanced DNA Vaccination against Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Draz Mohamed Shehata , Wang Ying‐Jie , Chen Frank Fanqing , Xu Yuhong , Shafiee Hadi
Published: December 2016

The promise of DNA vaccines is far‐reaching. However, the development of potent immunization methods remains a key challenge for its use in clinical applications. Here, an approach for in vivo DNA vaccination by electrically activated plasmonic Au nanoparticles is reported. The electrical excitation of plasmonic nanoparticles can drive vibrational and dipole‐like oscillations that are able to disrupt nearby cell membranes. In combination with their intrinsic ability to focus and magnify the electric field on the surface of cells, Au nanoparticles allow enhanced cell poration and facilitate the uptake of DNA vaccine. Mice immunized with this approach showed up to 100‐fold higher gene expression compared to control treatments (without nanoparticles) and exhibited significantly increased levels of both antibody and cellular immune responses against a model hepatitis C virus DNA vaccine. This approach can be tuned to establish controlled and targeted delivery of different types of therapeutic molecules into cells and live animals as well.
Odorless, Regioselective Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides and α‐Thioaryl Carbonyls from Sodium Arylsulfinates via a Metal‐ Free Radical Strategy in Water
Authors: Lin Ya‐mei , Lu Guo‐ping , Wang Gui‐xiang , Yi Wen‐bin
Published: December 2016

Regioselective arylthiolations of aromatic amines, arenols and ketones via C–H bond functionalization have been achieved with I2 and PPh3 in an aqueous system, whereby arylsulfenyl radicals are in situ generated from odorless sodium arylsulfinates. The arylsulfenyl radicals can react with free anilines containing electron‐withdrawing groups and complex substrates (estrone and progesterone). Further experiments and quantum chemical calculations were also performed to deduce a mechanism for the formation of arylsulfenyl radicals.

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Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of “Difficult” Ketones to Nitrodienynes and Tandem Annulations
Authors: Liu Teng , Zhou Mingxin , Yuan Tengrui , Fu Binbin , Wang Xinran , Peng Fangzhi , Shao Zhihui
Published: December 2016

The first enantioselective conjugate additions of problematic aromatic ketones and acetone to nitrodienynes have been achieved by employing a chiral multifunctional primary amine catalyst recently developed by us. The reactions took place in a 1,4‐manner. Furthermore, by utilizing the resulting chiral functionalized 1,3‐enynes as a starting point, we have developed unprecedented p‐toluenesulfonic acid‐catalyzed tandem annulations, which allow the efficient and selective construction of various synthetically useful cyclic 1,5‐diketones (R=Ar) and dienones (R=Me).

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Titanium(IV) Chloride‐Mediated Stereoselective α‐Alkylidenation to Efficiently Assemble Multisubstituted 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Sun Rengwei , Song Wei , Ma Chunmei , Zhang Huiwen , Yu Xinhong
Published: December 2016

A direct access to multisubstituted 1,3‐dienes by α‐exclusive alkylidenation of crotonic derivatives has been developed. This protocol, mediated by titanium tetrachloride chelation, features excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, easy operation and wide substrate scope. Conversions of the derived dienes to other useful molecules were also explored.

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Über die Bestimmung von Aminopolycarbonsäuren durch Ionenpaarchromatographie
Authors: Huber W.
Published: December 2016

Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Aminopolycarbonsäuren, speziell NTA und EDTA, beschrieben, die auf einer Trennung nach dem Prinzip der Ionenpaarchromatographie basiert. Die Detektion erfolgt im UV bei etwa 260 nm. Dazu müssen die Verbindungen in die Komplexe des dreiwertigen Eisens überführt werden. Dies kann bei kleinen Konzentrationen automatisch bei der Injektion der Substanzprobe in den eisenhaltigen Eluenten geschehen, bei höheren Gehalten wird Eisen separat zugesetzt. Es lassen sich Konzentrationen bis herunter zu 10 μg/1 bestimmen.
Bakterienvermehrungsmessungen in aufbereiteten Wässern verschiedener Herkunft
Authors: Hambsch B. , Werner P. , Frimmel F. H.
Published: December 2016

Durch die Aufnahme von Wachstumskurven von Bakterien in einem Trinkwasser lassen sich Aussagen über das Verkeimungspotential des Wassers im Leitungsnetz treffen. Die von Werner entwickelte Methode wurde für Trinkwässer verschiedener Herkunft eingesetzt, wobei als Vergleich weitgehend C‐freies Reinstwasser und als Positivkontrolle Acetat herangezogen wird. Zur Quantifizierung empfiehlt sich eine Angabe in Acetat‐C‐Äquivalenten, da eine Angabe des abbaubaren Anteils des gelösten organisch gebundenen Kohlenstoffs (DOC) aus einer DOC‐Differenz‐Messung zumindest in aufbereiteten Wässern zu ungenau ist, da diese generell unter 0,1 mg/1 liegt. Die Messung ergab in aufbereiteten Oberflächenwässern 40–80 μg/1 Acetat‐C‐Äquivalente, während in aufbereiteten Uferfiltraten und Grundwässern nur 10‐20 μg/1 Acetat‐C‐Äquivalente gefunden wurden. Die im Reinstwasser im Mittel meßbare Vermehrung entspricht 9 μg/1 Acetat‐C‐Äquivalenten, so daß diese Wässer nur wenig über der Nachweisgrenze liegen und auch keine Wiederverkeimung im Netz aufgrund leicht abbaubarer Substanzen des Wassers selbst zu erwarten ist.
Effective Precipitation of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution by Iron(III) Sulfate
Authors: Nenov V. , Dimitrova N. , Dobrevsky I. , Rands D. G.
Published: December 2016

A study of the removal of As(V) from aqueous solution by Fe2(SO4)3 has been carried out to establish optimum parameters for the process. Optimum arsenic removal is obtained at pH = 5, and mole ratio Fe(III)/As(V) = 7. Minimum arsenate solubility is obtained from sediments precipitated at pH = 5 and Fe/As = 7…8.
Kurzzeit‐Toxizitätstests zur Messung der Toxizität von Chemikalien gegenüber Belebtschlamm
Authors: Strotmann U. , Zaremba S. , Bias W.‐R.
Published: December 2016

Um Schädigungen des Belebtschlammes einer Kläranlage zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, die Schlammaktivität mit Hilfe geeigneter biologischer Testverfahren zu überwachen. Für diese Überwachung sind besonders der Kurzzeitatmungstest und der Dehydrogenasentest mit Resazurin als Redoxfarbstoff geeignet. Die Durchführung beider Testverfahren wurde in einigen wichtigen Punkten optimiert. Die Eignung als Kurzzeittoxizitätstest wurde anhand von mehreren Referenzsubstanzen überprüft.

Die Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die in beiden Testsystemen ermittelten Hemmkonzentrationen teilweise stark differierten. In Monitoringstudien an Laborkläranlagen wurde fest‐gestellt, daß eine positive Korrelation zwischen Atmungs‐aktivität und Dehydrogenasenaktivität nicht immer gegeben ist. Zudem wurde bei einigen substituierten Phenolen eine pH‐abhängige Hemmung der Dehydrogenasenaktivität beobachtet.
Studies on Separation of Heavy Metals from Acidic Solutions by Foam Fractionation with Respect to an Application on Acidic Soil Extracts
Authors: Wömmel S. , Calmano W.
Published: December 2016

An experimental investigation is presented on the batch foam fractionation of the heavy metal cations Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Sb3+ and As5+ from diluted aqueous solutions with hexamethylenedithiocarbamate (HMDC) as complexing agent and sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS) as surfactant. Among the considered pH‐values of 2,4 and 7 the pH 2 experiments allow a direct application of foam fractionation on acidic extracts from heavy metal contaminated soil. The experiments at pH 2 and pH 4 show better results than those at neutral pH. Although a simple device was used, a maximum enrichment factor of 13.8 and a minimum removal factor of 0.01 have been measured. The flotation with weak organic acids like citric acid (CA) and acetic acid (AA) show about 50–70% smaller enrichment factors than those acidified with hydrochloric acid. The dissolution and mixing of the reacting components as well as the concentration of the detergent and the gaseous volume flow can be regarded as basic parameters of foam fractionation.
Out‐of‐pocket medical costs and third‐party healthcare costs for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Kageleiry Andrew , Samuelson David , Duh Mei Sheng , Lefebvre Patrick , Campbell John , Skotko Brian G.
Published: December 2016

Prior analyses have estimated the lifetime total societal costs of a person with Down syndrome (DS); however, no studies capture the expected medical costs that patients with DS can expect to incur during childhood. The study utilized the OptumHealth Reporting and Insights administrative claims database from 1999 to 2013. Children with a diagnosis of DS were identified, and their time was divided into clinically relevant age categories. Patients with DS in each age category were matched to controls without chromosomal conditions. Out‐of‐pocket medical costs and third‐party expenditures were compared between the patient‐age cohorts with DS and matched controls. Patients with DS had significantly higher mean annual out‐of‐pocket costs than their matched controls within each age and cost category. Total annual incremental out‐of‐pocket costs associated with DS were highest among individuals from birth to age 1 ($1,907, P < 0.001). The main drivers of the incremental out‐of‐pocket costs associated with DS were inpatient costs in the 1st year of life ($925, P < 0.001) and outpatient costs in later years (ranging $183–$623, all P < 0.001). Overall, patients with DS incurred incremental out‐of‐pocket medical costs of $18,248 between birth and age 18 years; third‐party payers incurred incremental costs of $230,043 during the same period. Across all age categories, mean total out‐of‐pocket annual costs were greater for individuals with DS than those of matched controls. On average, parents of children with DS pay an additional $84 per month for out‐of‐pocket medical expenses when costs are amortized over 18 years. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Diaryl 1,2‐Diketones by the Sequential Heck Oxidation Reaction of Aryl Halides with Styrenes
Authors: Saberi Dariush , Hashemi Hajar , Niknam Khodabakhsh
Published: December 2016

A novel one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of benzil derivatives was developed by the sequential Heck oxidation reaction of aryl halides (I and Br) with styrenes. In situ‐generated stilbene scaffolds were directly converted to the corresponding diaryl 1,2‐diketones. In the present transformation, tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) was employed as a dual role reagent, one as a reducing agent in Heck reaction and another as a catalyst in the oxidation step. Mechanistic studies showed that molecular oxygen plays a significant part in the oxidation step. Various derivatives of diaryl 1,2‐diketones were synthesized through this protocol in acceptable yields.
Where Are the Risks? An Assessment of Recent Developments in Mediation Confidentiality
Authors: Ziegler Richard F.
Published: December 2016

Confidentiality is a key ingredient in a successful mediation. Not surprisingly, mediation agreements typically provide for stringent confidentiality protection, prohibiting the participants from any subsequent disclosures of information shared in the course of the mediation process.
Private Justice: Losing Our Day in Court
Authors: Jaffe Sanford M. , Stamato Linda
Published: December 2016

In the early days of the dispute resolution movement—the ‘80s and ‘90s—the concern was often expressed that we were developing a system of “second‐class justice” for those who couldn't afford the courts. The wealthy, of course, would continue to have access to the “first‐class justice” that the public courts provided.
Enhanced winter warming in the Eastern China Coastal Waters and its relationship with ENSO
Authors: Wu Renhao , Li Chunyan , Lin Jianmin
Published: December 2016

The enhanced warming observed in the Eastern China Coastal Waters (ECCW) during the last half‐century has received considerable attentions. However, the reason for this warming is still a subject of debate. Based on four different Sea Surface Temperature datasets, we found that the most significant warming occurred in boreal winter during 1982–1998, although the warming trends derived from these datasets differ in magnitude. We suggest that the rapid warming during winter is a result of the asymmetry in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnection, through which El Niño events induce significant warming over the ECCW at its peak, whereas La Niña events fail to do the opposite that would completely reverse the trends; in addition, there were more El Niño than La Niña events during the recent decades. All these contribute to the winter warming during 1982–1998.
The luminescent properties and crystal structure of Sr(1.5‐x)‐(1.5y)Mg0.5SiO4:xEu2+,yCe3+ blue phosphor synthesized by co‐precipitation method
Authors: Wang Jin shan , Zhu Da‐chuan , Zhao Cong , Han Tao , Liu ShaSha
Published: December 2016

In order to improve the luminescent performance of silicate blue phosphors, Sr(1.5‐x)‐(1.5y)Mg0.5SiO4:xEu2+,yCe3+ phosphors were synthesized using one‐step calcination of a precursor prepared by chemical co‐precipitation. The crystal structure and luminescent properties of the phosphors were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrophotometry, respectively. Because the activated ions (Eu2+) can occupy two different types of sites (Sr1 and Sr2), the emission spectrum of Eu2+ excited at 350 nm contains two single bands (EM1 and EM2) in the wavelength range 400–550 nm, centered at 463 nm, and the emission intensity first increases and then decreases with increasing concentrations of Eu2+ ions. Co‐doping of Ce3+ ions can greatly enhance the emission intensity of Eu2+ by transferring its excitation energy to Eu2+. Because of concentration quenching, a higher substitution concentration of Ce3+ can lead to a decrease in the intensity. Meanwhile, the quantum efficiency of the phosphor is improved after doping with Ce3+, and a blue shift phenomenon is observed in the CIE chromaticity diagram. The results indicate that Sr(1.5‐x)‐(1.5y)Mg0.5SiO4:xEu2+,yCe3+ can be used as a potential new blue phosphor for white light‐emitting diodes.
Zelloberflächenstrukturen der Bacteria und Archaea
Authors: König Helmut
Published: December 2016

Die zellkernlosen Mikroorganismen werden in die beiden Domänen Bacteria und Archaea eingeteilt. Die dritte Domäne stellen die Eukarya. Es gibt kein universelles Zellwandpolymer, das bei allen Bacteria und Archaea vorkommt. Aufgrund der Morphologie können gewisse Zellwandtypen identifiziert werden, aber die chemische Vielfalt der einzelnen Polymere ist wesentlich größer. In diesem Beitrag werden einige wichtige Oberflächenpolymere der Bacteria und Archaea entsprechend ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung vorgestellt.
Schmelztiegel Bodenbakterien
Authors: Sikorski Johannes
Published: December 2016

Bakterielle Bodengemeinschaften sind unerlässlich für das Funktionieren eines gesunden Bodens. Die Erforschung dieser Gemeinschaft ist ein hochaktuelles und komplexes Arbeitsgebiet mit einer Vielzahl von Facetten. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet schlaglichtartig auf verschiedenen Ebenen den Zusammenhang von technologischen, biologischen, theoretischen und rechtlichen Aspekten der bakteriellen Bodenmikrobiologie.
Science ohne Fiction
Authors: Weß Ludger , Nellen Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Fast jede Zeitung und Zeitschrift, viele Fernsehsender und Internetseiten berichten über wissenschaftliche Themen. Doch was davon ist vertrauenswürdig – und was eine Sensationsmeldung, um Auflage zu schaffen? Dieser Artikel nennt Kriterien für guten Wissenschaftsjournalismus und zeigt auf, warum so viele Berichte auch in sogenannten Qualitätsmedien nicht zu einer soliden Information der Öffentlichkeit beitragen.
70S‐Scanning: der schnelle Weg zur Translation
Authors: Schumann Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Bislang waren zwei Mechanismen der Translation von bakteriellen Genen bekannt. Bei dem ersten binden die 70S‐Ribosomen an die vor dem Gen gelegene Shine‐Dalgarno‐(SD) Sequenz, translatieren das Gen und dissoziieren dann. Folgt ein weiteres Gen, dann wiederholt sich der Vorgang. Bei dem zweiten Mechanismus fehlt die SD‐Sequenz, und die mRNA beginnt mit einigen wenigen Ribonukleotiden gefolgt von dem Start‐Codon des Gens. Jetzt wurde ein dritter Mechanismus beschrieben, bei dem die 70S‐Ribosomen nach Translation des ersten Gens nicht in ihre beiden Untereinheiten dissoziieren, sondern die mRNA nach einer weiteren SD‐Sequenz scannen. Dieser 70S‐Scanning bezeichnete Mechanismus spart Zeit und Energie.
Phaeno(menal) in Wolfsburg – Sonderausstellung “Manometer”
Authors: Högermann Christiane
Published: December 2016

Die Sonderausstellung “Manometer” ist eine Erlebnisreise, die der Besucher durch verschiedene Wissenschaftsbereiche aus Natur und Technik unternehmen kann. Dabei hat er an Mitmachstationen viele Möglichkeiten, Phänomenen aus seiner Lebenswelt auf die Spur zu kommen.
Präzipitation von Nukleinsäuren
Authors: Hauk Andrea
Published: December 2016

Der gesamte menschliche DNA‐Bauplan besteht aus 3 Milliarden Basenpaaren, das sind 6 Milliarden genetische Buchstaben, die in jeder Zelle auf 23 Chromosomen aufgeteilt vorliegen. Stellen Sie sich ein Word‐Dokument mit 6 Milliarden Buchstaben vor. Ganz schön viel Material, was da pro Zelle untergebracht ist. Kein Wunder also, dass man diese nach Präzipitation sogar mit bloßem Auge sehen kann. Warum aber sieht man die DNA erst nach dem Ausflocken und wie funktioniert das überhaupt?
Achieving Data Liquidity Across Health Care Requires a Technical Architecture
Authors: McDermott Kerry
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

While data is recognized as key to individual and wide‐scale healthcare improvement, the absence of interoperability among supporting technologies obstructs progress. There is no single technical architecture that links medical information systems, such as electronic health records and medical devices, to enable seamless data flow. The lack of a consistent platform undermines patient outcomes and efficiency and increases cost and complexity. An interoperable technical architecture is the basis for data liquidity and the efficiencies it can deliver. Such a platform must use a standards‐based interface and support plug‐and‐play integration, one‐to‐many communication and real‐time two‐way data exchange. The Center for Medical Interoperability advocates for and leads research in developing the architecture for a vendor‐neutral platform. Healthcare systems must exert pressure through the procurement process for vendors to develop compatible systems.
Finding the Connection: Research Data Management and the Office of Research
Authors: Rinehart Amanda
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Academic and research librarians can enhance the services they provide to researchers by collaborating with university offices of research. The requirement that projects have data management plans to qualify for federal funding has stimulated alignment, partnering and pooling of resources between service providers. The author's experiences in data librarian positions illustrate various routes and results of interaction, from demonstrating the value of reusing data for different purposes to promoting data ethics and best practices in data management. Librarians should seek out opportunities to collaborate with their campus research offices, understand commonalities in service to researchers and focus on data management as a complement to research professionals' work.
Help student‐athletes plan, prepare for life after college
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2016

Many college student‐athletes spend more time thinking about their next game than their post‐college game plan. And that leaves them at a disadvantage when it comes to their future success.
Using Research and Evaluation to Support Comprehensive Reform
Authors: Brock Thomas , Mayer Alexander K. , Rutschow Elizabeth Zachry
Published: December 2016

This chapter explores the role that research and evaluation play in supporting comprehensive reform in community colleges, focusing on lessons from two major initiatives: Achieving the Dream and Completion by Design.
The Redesign of Developmental Education in Virginia
Authors: Edgecombe Nikki
Published: December 2016

This chapter describes the structure and implementation of a redesign of developmental education in the Virginia Community College System, discusses preliminary descriptive findings from an evaluation of the redesign, and shares lessons for the field.
Addressing College Readiness Gaps at the College Door
Authors: Friedmann Elizabeth , Kurlaender Michal , van Ommeren Alice
Published: December 2016

This chapter examines the Early Assessment Program, which provides California high school students with early signals about their college readiness and allows them to improve their skills and reduce the need for developmental education in college.
Leveraging Technology to Create a Student‐Focused Environment
Authors: Thor Linda M. , Moreau Joseph
Published: December 2016

This chapter uses Rio Salado College and the Online Education Initiative in the California Community Colleges to illustrate how community colleges can enhance system efficiency and student success in online learning and program completion.
Competency‐Based Programs as a Lever for Reforming Core Areas Jointly
Authors: Person Ann E. , Thibeault Nancy
Published: December 2016

This chapter examines how one college implemented a competency‐based model to improve student success and transform the way the college creates and maintains career‐relevant curricula.
Using Data for Continuous Program Improvement
Authors: Maxwell Nan L. , Person Ann E.
Published: December 2016

This chapter discusses challenges to using data in a continuous improvement framework and describes the approaches some community colleges have used to overcome those challenges.
Implementing Comprehensive Reform: Implications for Practice
Authors: Stout Karen A.
Published: December 2016

This chapter describes the challenges and practical barriers community colleges face when implementing comprehensive reform, exploring how reforms are leading to some improvements but not often scaled improvements.
Amorphous Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2‐Decorated Layered Double Perovskite Pr0.5Ba0.5CoO3‐δ for Highly Efficient and Stable Water Oxidation
Authors: Liang Fengli , Sunarso Jaka , Mao Junkui , Yang Ziqiong , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2016

Highly active, durable, and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for water oxidation into oxygen gas hold a key role to realise a range of renewable energy solutions which include water‐splitting and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Despite its very stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance over large number of cycles, layered double perovskite PrBaCo2O5+δ (PBC) has a rather limited surface area. It is, thus, desirable to have the stability of PBC combined with the higher OER activity obtained by enlarging its surface area. Here, we used micro‐sized PBC particles as the substrate for the deposition of nano‐sized nickel‐iron hydroxide, Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2, which led to an order of magnitude improvement in the OER current density at 1.63 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode for the amorphous Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2‐decorated PBC catalyst (A‐Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2+PBC), relative to the PBC catalyst. We showed that the crystal ordering of the decoration affects the OER activity, that is, the amorphous decoration provided a higher OER activity than the crystalline decoration by enabling a larger contact area between the catalyst and the aqueous electrolyte. The results we show here could potentially stimulate more innovative future works utilising simple chemical preparation route to realise high‐performance hybrid OER catalysts involving novel constituents.
Gaining Insight Into Reactivity Differences Between Malonic Acid Half Thioesters (MAHT) and Malonic Acid Half Oxyesters (MAHO)
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Stephenson G. Richard , Rouden Jacques , Godemert Jeremy , Seylani Haseena , Martinez‐Lozano Luis A.
Published: December 2016

An efficient two‐step synthesis of structurally and functionally diverse thiophenol‐ and (cyclo)alkyl‐derived malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) and phenol‐derived malonic acid half oxyesters (MAHOs) has been achieved using cheap, readily available and easily handled starting materials. The synthesis of the MAHTs and MAHOs (the majority of which have not been previously reported) is readily scalable to afford gram quantities of product. In a hydrogen→deuterium exchange, an interesting stereoelectronic effect was observed when different aryl groups were incorporated. Significant changes in the rates of hydrogen→deuterium exchange and levels of isotope incorporation were observed. By way of example, using [2H]methanol and 4‐bromophenol‐derived MAHO afforded only 14 % [2H]‐incorporation (9 min, k=31) whereas the corresponding 4‐bromothiophenol‐derived MAHT afforded 97 % [2H]‐incorporation (9 min, k=208). In a benchmark procedure and comprehensive DFT study, 54 ester and thioester configurations and conformations were characterized. In the MAHT series, a sulfur‐containing molecular orbital provides a path for increased delocalisation of electron density into the enol that is unavailable in MAHOs. This facilitates keto–enol tautomerisation and consequently enhances the rate and percentage of hydrogen→deuterium exchange.
Konzept zur chemischen Wärmespeicherung mit flüssigen organischen Hydriden
Authors: Wagner Christin , Cholewa Martin , Ulmer Ulrich , Poncette Dominik , Patyk Andreas , Fichtner Maximilian , Dittmeyer Roland , Pfeifer Peter
Published: December 2016

Der Liquid Organic Reaction Cycle ist ein von uns vorgeschlagenes Konzept zur thermochemischen Energiespeicherung. Hierbei wird Methylcyclohexan (MCH) bei etwa 300 – 350 °C in Gegenwart einer Pd‐Membran katalytisch dehydriert. Der entstehende Wasserstoff wird durch Absorption in einem Metallhydrid zwischengespeichert. Toluol und MCH werden in herkömmlichen Flüssigtanks gelagert. Zur Rückgewinnung der gespeicherten Wärme erfolgt die katalytische Hydrierung des Toluols bei ca. 300 °C und 30 bar. Hierdurch können hohe Energiespeicherdichten (bis zu 0,6 kWh $ {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{Toluol}}}^{ - 1} $) erzielt sowie eine Langzeitspeicherung von Wärme realisiert werden.
Synthesis of Mannosylated Glycodendrimers and Evaluation against BC2L‐A Lectin from Burkholderia Cenocepacia
Authors: Pifferi Carlo , Goyard David , Gillon Emilie , Imberty Anne , Renaudet Olivier
Published: December 2016

Chronic colonization of lungs by opportunist bacteria is the major cause of mortality for cystic fibrosis patients. Among these pathogens, Burkholderia cenocepacia is responsible for cepacia syndrome, a deadly exacerbation of infection that is the main cause of poor outcomes of lung transplantation. This bacterium contains three soluble carbohydrate‐binding proteins, including the B. cenocepacia lectin A (BC2L‐A), which is proposed to bind to oligomannose‐type N‐glycan structures to adhere to host tissues. In this work, several mannosylated glycoclusters and glycodendrimers with valencies ranging from four to 24 were prepared and their interactions with BC2L‐A were thermodynamically characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry. The results show that a 24‐valent structure binds to BC2L‐A at nanomolar concentration, which makes this compound the highest affinity monodisperse ligand for this lectin.
Rolling Circle Amplification with Chemically Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates
Authors: Hollenstein Marcel , Damha Masad J.
Published: December 2016

Modified nucleoside triphosphates (dN*TPs) represent facile and versatile precursors for the introduction of chemical diversity into nucleic acids. While dN*TPs have been utilized in a plethora of practical applications, very little attention has been devoted to the assessment of their compatibility with isothermal amplification strategies. In this context, rolling circle amplification (RCA) is a wide‐spread enzymatic replication method in which small single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) circles serve as templates in primer extension reactions yielding very long, ssDNA products. RCA is a pivotal tool for the generation of biosensor and diagnostic devices and is currently evaluated for its usefulness to create novel drug delivery systems. This unit describes the experimental procedures for the synthesis of modified RCA products using dN*TPs bearing chemical alterations at any possible location of the nucleosidic scaffold. Two ligation methods are presented for the generation of the DNA nanocircles that serve as templates for RCA, followed by a description of the RCA method itself and an assessment of the nuclease resistance of the ensuing products. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemical Mutagenesis of Seed and Vegetatively Propagated Plants Using EMS
Authors: Jankowicz‐Cieslak Joanna , Till Bradley J.
Published: December 2016

Chemical mutagenesis provides an inexpensive and straightforward way to generate a high density of novel nucleotide diversity in the genomes of plants and animals. Mutagenesis therefore can be used for functional genomic studies and also for plant breeding. The most commonly used chemical mutagen in plants is ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). EMS has been shown to induce primarily single base point mutations. Hundreds to thousands of heritable mutations can be induced in a single plant line. A relatively small number of plants, therefore, are needed to produce populations harboring deleterious alleles in most genes. EMS mutagenized plant populations can be screened phenotypically (forward‐genetics), or mutations in genes can be identified in advance of phenotypic characterization (reverse‐genetics). Reverse‐genetics using chemically induced mutations is known as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING). This unit gives information on EMS treatment of seed and vegetative propagules. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Visualization of Pareto Optimal Solution Sets Using the Growing Hierarchical Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: SUZUKI NAOTO , OKAMOTO TAKASHI , KOAKUTSU SEIICHI
Published: December 2016

The visualization of the Pareto optimal solution set is one of important issues of the multiobjective optimization. The Pareto optimal solution visualization method using the self‐organizing maps is one of promising visualization methods. This method has two shortcomings. One is that the map size has to be determined in advance. The other is that infeasible solutions can appear in the learnt maps. This paper proposes a new visualization technique using the growing hierarchical SOM (GHSOM), which is expected to solve foregoing shortcomings. This paper also proposes to introduce a symmetric transformation of maps into the learning algorithm in order to obtain easily viewable unified map. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through several numerical experiments.
Scalable preparation of silCoat‐biocatalysts by use of a fluidized‐bed reactor
Authors: Nieguth René , Wiemann Lars O. , Eckstein Marrit , Thum Oliver , Poncelet Denis , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B.
Published: December 2016

SilCoat‐biocatalysts are immobilized enzyme preparations with an outstanding robustness against leaching and mechanical stress and therefore promising tools for technical synthesis. They consist of a composite material made from a solid enzyme carrier and silicone. In this study, a method has been found to enable provision of these catalysts in large scale. It makes use of easily scalable fluidized‐bed technology and, in contrast to the original method, works in almost complete absence of organic solvent. Thus, it is both a fast and safe method. When the Pt‐catalyst required for silicone formation is cast on the solid enzyme carrier before coating, resulting composites resemble the original preparations in morphology, catalytic activity, and stability against leaching and mechanical forces. Only the maximum total content of silicone in the composites lies about 10% w/w lower resulting in an overall leaching stability below the theoretical maximum. When the Pt‐catalyst is mixed with cooled siloxane solution before coating, surficial coating of the enzyme carriers is achieved, which provides maximum leaching stability at very low silicone consumption. Thus, the technology offers the possibility to produce both composite and for the first time also core‐shell silCoat‐particles, and optimize leaching stability over mechanical strength according to process requirements.
Biased Interpretation of Ambiguous Social Scenarios in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Turton Robert , Schifano Sylvia , Leppanen Jenni , Hirsch Colette R. , Treasure Janet
Published: December 2016

Patients with anorexia nervosa experience increased sensitivity to the risk of social rejection. The aims of this study were to assess the interpretation of ambiguous social scenarios depicting the risk of rejection and to examine the relationship between interpretation biases and clinical symptoms. Thirty‐five women with anorexia nervosa and 30 healthy eaters completed clinical questionnaires, alongside a sentence completion task. This task required participants to generate completions to ambiguous social scenarios and to endorse their best completion. Responses were rated as being negative, neutral or positive. Patients endorsed more negative interpretations and fewer neutral and positive interpretations compared with healthy eaters. The frequency of endorsed negative interpretations correlated with depression, anxiety and fear of weight gain and body disturbance. A negative interpretation bias towards social stimuli is present in women with anorexia nervosa and correlates with clinical symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing this bias could improve illness prognosis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Program and Policy Evaluations in Practice: Highlights from the Federal Perspective
Authors: Maynard Rebecca , Goldstein Naomi , Nightingale Demetra Smith
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the intersection of evaluation methods and usefulness of research for policy and practice from the vantage point of federal agencies that commission a large share of domestic program evaluations with the goal of improving the ability of the government to invest its scarce dollars wisely. Toward this end, the paper revisits the prominent issues discussed in prior chapters through a lens focused on understanding conditions under which particular methodological strategies are and are not helpful in advancing the job of policy analysts, policymakers, and program administrators. The aim is to provide useful guidance to evaluators in how to interact productively with the evaluation funders and intended end‐users regarding how they might make their products most useful.
Work‐Life Balance and Ideal Worker Expectations for Administrators
Authors: Wilk Kelly E.
Published: December 2016

This chapter explores the work‐life experiences of administrators as well as whether and how the ideal worker model affects those experiences. Departmental and supervisory differences and technology complicate administrators’ work‐life experiences.
EVALUATING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN RESEARCH: QUANTITATIVE MEASURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Goodman Melody S. , Thompson Vetta L. Sanders , Arroyo Johnson Cassandra , Gennarelli Renee , Drake Bettina F. , Bajwa Pravleen , Witherspoon Maranda , Bowen Deborah
Published: December 2016

Although the importance of community engagement in research has been previously established, there are few evidence‐based approaches for measuring the level of community engagement in research projects. A quantitative community engagement measure was developed, aligned with 11 engagement principles (EPs) previously established in the literature. The measure has 96 Likert response items; 3–5 quality items and 3–5 quantity items measure each EP. Cronbach's alpha is used to examine the internal consistency of items that measure a single EP. Every EP item group had a Cronbach's alpha > .85, which indicates strong internal consistency for all question groups across both scales (quality and quantity). This information determines the level of community engagement, which can be correlated with other research outcomes.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF PARTICIPATORY PARTNERSHIPS
Authors: Matthew Rebecca A.
Published: December 2016

This article details the outcomes of an innovative, qualitative inquiry exploring specific behaviors that facilitate the creation of equitable, community‐based partnerships. Based on a convenience sample of 18 community members, service providers, and graduate student researchers previously engaged in 2 community assessment efforts, I used the critical incident technique to identify 121 unique, facilitating behaviors. These behaviors were then inductively categorized into a behavioral taxonomy containing 9 domains of interest, ranging from gaining entree to increasing community member comfort and willingness to participate to ensuring community does not feel “used or researched.” These findings offer a unique and critically important contribution to the fields of community‐based research, practice, and service learning by identifying specific behaviors that foster equitable, participatory partnerships.
METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM AND MIXED METHODOLOGY TO STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE FROM OXFORD HOUSE
Authors: May Emily M. , Hunter Bronwyn A. , Jason Leonard A.
Published: December 2016

This article evaluates how a plurality of research methods has served a research program that has functioned in a much‐needed area of research: the role of housing and recovery residences in addiction recovery. The review focuses on one mutually supportive recovery residence model, called Oxford House, which represents more than 1,700 democratic, self‐governing residences. To date, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the research methods used with Oxford House or any other recovery residence. In this article, research methods, including study designs and data analyses, are summarized for 114 peer‐reviewed empirical studies that included data on Oxford Houses or Oxford House residents. This review of a pluralistic research program can inform community researchers about the value of recovery residences, the many ways in which recovery residences may be assessed, and the benefits of using multiple methods. Implications for future recovery residence research are discussed.
Knowledge management behavior and individual creativity: Goal orientations as antecedents and in‐group social status as moderating contingency
Authors: Rhee Young Won , Choi Jin Nam
Published: December 2016

Creativity is an increasingly important domain of performance largely based on knowledge held and exchanged among employees. Despite the necessity of knowledge exchange, individual employees tend to experience mixed motivation caused by the inherent social dilemma of knowledge sharing. To pragmatically explain how individuals deal with this motivational dilemma, we propose an expanded framework of knowledge management behavior (KMB) that includes knowledge sharing, hiding, and manipulation. Individual choices among these KMBs may be driven by dispositional goal orientations. We also propose that the effects of KMB on creativity of employees vary depending on their social status in a work group. Our analyses based on 214 employees from 37 teams reveal that (i) learning goal orientation increases knowledge sharing and decreases knowledge manipulation; (ii) avoiding goal orientation increases knowledge sharing and manipulation; and (iii) proving goal orientation increases knowledge hiding and manipulation. Knowledge hiding is negatively related to employee creativity, particularly for employees with high social status. Knowledge manipulation is positively related to creativity, particularly for those with high social status. This study develops and validates a theoretical framework explaining the formative process and distinct outcomes of the multifaceted and strategic approaches to KMB at the individual level. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 131)
Authors: Hameiri Ziv
Published: December 2016

In order to help readers stay up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Renewable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal of Applied Physics, and Applied Physics Letters. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at ziv.hameiri@unsw.edu.au. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GAUGING MINDFULNESS IN CHILDREN AND YOUTH: SCHOOL‐BASED APPLICATIONS
Authors: Eklund Katie , O'malley Meagan , Meyer Lauren
Published: December 2016

Mindfulness is linked to a variety of social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral well‐being indicators in youth. Given increased interest among researchers and practitioners, high‐quality instruments are needed to effectively measure the construct in children, youth, and young adults, especially in the context of mindfulness‐based interventions conducted in school settings. Presented is a review of published and nonpublished measurement studies of mindfulness in school‐aged youth. An overview of three survey instruments is provided, along with each instrument's development procedures, associated psychometric properties, and applications. Potential theoretical and applied uses of these measures in school‐based settings are discussed.
A massive pleural‐based desmoid tumour
Authors: Mahmud Talha , Mal Guness , Majeed Farhan Ahmed , Chai Siaw Ming , Lee Y C Gary
Published: December 2016

A 49‐year‐old Pakistani male presented with “heaviness” in his chest. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) confirmed a massive left‐sided pleural‐based opacity. Three years ago, he was investigated for a left‐sided lymphocytic, exudative pleural effusion following an episode of dengue fever. Tube thoracostomy removed 1.3 L of fluid. Pleural biopsy and bronchial washings were non‐contributory. He received empirical anti‐tuberculosis treatment and remained asymptomatic until this presentation. To investigate the new pleural mass, he underwent a video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, which revealed a 2.2 kg mass in the pleural cavity involving the anterior mediastinum and chest wall and adhered to the visceral pleura. Following conversion to an open thoracotomy, the mass was completely excised, which involved non‐anatomical lung resection. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the resected tumour were consistent for a desmoid tumour. He was followed up for 9 months with no evidence of tumour recurrence. Predominantly pleural‐based desmoid tumour is rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumours.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease presenting as a pulmonary nodule with an irregular margin
Authors: Okubo Tetsuyuki , Oyamada Yumiko , Kawada Masaya , Kawarada Yo , Kitashiro Shuji , Okushiba Shunichi
Published: December 2016

We report a case of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related lung disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule with an irregular margin on computed tomography. The nodule showed a high standardized uptake value on positron emission tomography. A malignant pulmonary tumour could not be excluded. Middle lobectomy was performed. Histological analysis revealed marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and storiform fibrosis. Immunostaining indicated the presence of IgG4‐positive plasma cells. A definitive diagnosis of IgG4‐related disease was confirmed.
Fatal tumour pulmonary embolism
Authors: Masoud Salim Rashid , Koegelenberg Coenraad Frederik Nicolaas , van Wyk Abraham Christoffel , Allwood Brian William
Published: December 2016

A 30‐year‐old female with no significant past medical history was referred to our facility with sudden onset of shortness of breath. She had a low clinical probability for pulmonary thromboembolism and a computed tomography angiogram showed enlarged pulmonary arteries but no in situ thrombi. She developed recurrent episodes of hypotension and hypoxia, and was transferred to the intensive care unit where she died despite active resuscitation. An autopsy revealed extensive lymphatic and pulmonary vascular tumour emboli as the immediate cause of death. Pulmonary tumour embolism is a very rare cause of death, but can occur in patients who have an occult neoplasm.
Smart Characterization—An Integrated Approach for Evaluating a Complex 1,4‐Dioxane Site
Authors: Curry Patrick , Welty Nicklaus , Wright Jesse , Favero Dave , Quinnan Joseph
Published: December 2016

Smart characterization approaches apply the latest high‐resolution site characterization methods to find the contaminant mass flux, by integrating relative permeability mapping, classical hydrostratigraphy interpretation, and high‐density groundwater and saturated soil sampling. The key factor that makes Smart characterization different is the application of quantitative saturated soil sampling in less permeable slow advection and storage zones to diagnose plume maturity and understand its implications for remedy selection and performance. Because direct sensing tools like the membrane interface probe are capable of providing screening‐level assessments for hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents in storage zones, but not 1,4‐dioxane, the recommended Smart approach involves application of specialized high‐capacity mobile laboratories or rapid turn‐around using fixed commercial labs. In addition to the benefit of rapidly characterizing sites, Smart characterization facilitates a flux‐based conceptual site model, which allows stakeholders to focus remedies on the mobile portion of the contaminant mass or, in effect, the mass that matters. Through systematic planning and implementation, predesign characterization can be completed to optimize source and plume remedy strategies, balancing investment in Smart characterization with reductions in total life‐cycle costs to ensure that an appropriate return on investigation is obtained.  © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Multiple Lines of Evidence Framework to Evaluate Intrinsic Biodegradation of 1,4‐Dioxane
Authors: Gedalanga Phillip , Madison Andrew , Miao Yu (Rain) , Richards Timothy , Hatton James , DiGuiseppi William H. , Wilson John , Mahendra Shaily
Published: December 2016

Development of a multiple lines of evidence (MLOE) framework to evaluate the intrinsic biodegradation potential of 1,4‐dioxane is vital to implementing management strategies at groundwater sites impacted by 1,4‐dioxane. A comprehensive MLOE approach was formed to provide significant evidence of natural degradation of 1,4‐dioxane comingled with tetrahydrofuran (THF) within a large, diffuse plume. State‐of‐the art molecular biological analyses and compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) were employed to support more traditional approaches for data analysis (concentration trend analyses, spatial distribution, temporal changes, geochemical biodegradation attenuation indicators, plume mass estimates, and fate and transport modeling). The molecular analyses demonstrated that microorganisms capable of both metabolic and cometabolic degradation of 1,4‐dioxane were present throughout the groundwater plume, whereas the CSIA data provided supporting evidence of biodegradation. 1,4‐Dioxane biomarkers were present and abundant throughout the 1,4‐dioxane plume, and our biomarkers tracked the plume with reasonable accuracy. Evidence also suggests that THF‐driven cometabolic biodegradation as well as catabolic 1,4‐dioxane biodegradation were active at this site. These data supplemented the traditional lines of evidence approaches, which demonstrated that 1,4‐dioxane attenuation was occurring across the groundwater plume and that nondestructive physical processes alone did not account for the observed 1,4‐dioxane attenuation. This MLOE framework combining new and traditional analyses demonstrates that this site has a significant capacity for intrinsic biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.