bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Self-Reported Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Reliability of the Wender Utah Rating Scale
Authors: Rossini Edward D. , O'Connor Margaret A.
Published: August 2011

We measured the internal consistency and four-week temporal consistency and temporal stability of the Wender Utah Rating Scale and its 25-item short form. The Wender scale is a rationally constructed retrospective self-report rating scale for symptoms of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Both scales manifested excellent internal consistency. Over one month, both versions manifested significant temporal consistency and good temporal stability in the nonclinical sample of 83 successful young adults most likely to be referred for an evaluation of suspected Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The collegiate group had a considerably higher Wender score than the original normative group, calling into question the adequacy of the limited normative data. However, both forms of the scale are reliable and comprehensive validation research is advocated.
Increasing Alpha Reliabilities of Multiple-Choice Tests with Linear Polychotomous Scoring
Authors: Shultz Kenneth S.
Published: August 2011

Little research has been conducted on the use of linear polychotomous scoring of multiple-choice test items. Therefore, several tests were analyzed using both dichotomous and polychotomous scoring of test items to assess how the alpha reliabilities of the tests change based on the type of scoring used. In each case, the alpha reliabilities of the tests increased, with the same or fewer number of items in each test, when polychotomous (vs dichotomous) scoring of multiple-choice test items was used.
Severity of Alexithymia is Related to Psychosocial Factors in Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Maeda Kunimi , Kubota Minoru , Tomino Yasuhiko , Rahe Richard H.
Published: August 2011

We examined the relationship between alexithymia and psychosocial factors in 72 peritoneal dialysis patients. The 72 patients had significantly higher scores on alexithymia and anxiety than did 73 healthy volunteers. The alexithymia scores were significantly and positively correlated with anxiety scores, suggesting that alexithymia may be related to anxiety derived from the stress associated with dialysis therapy. After 3 yr. of follow-up consultations, patients were still showing higher scores on alexithymia and anxiety; however, alexithymia scores were not correlated with anxiety scores but rather were significantly associated with poor social support. Alexithymic characteristics may be related to psychosocial factors such as the availability of social support.
Identifying the Relationship between Work and Nonwork Stress among Bank Managers
Authors: Bednar Anita , Marshall Carolyn , Bahouth Saba
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to (1) test the effects of various demographic and socioeconomic variables on perceived stress among bank managers in both work and nonwork environments and (2) to ascertain whether the correlation is significant between perceived stress in the work and nonwork environments among the same bank managers. Significant differences were found between genders, among management levels, and among age groups. A multiple linear regression test showed a positive relationship between perceived stress at work and away from work.
Psychology of Computer Use: XXXIV. The Computer Hassles Scale: Subscales, Norms, and Reliability
Authors: Hudiburg Richard A.
Published: August 2011

Data from 1199 student users formed the normative database for the Computer Hassles Scale, a 37-item scale measuring computer users' stress. The Computer Hassles Scale was scored to yield a severity of hassles score for the total scale and two subscales, Computer Runtime Errors and Computer Information Problems. The total scale and both subscales showed high internal consistency as measured by the Cronbach coefficient alpha. Guidelines for identifying high and low severity of computer users' stress were suggested.
Factor Structure of Preferences for Job Attributes among Japanese Workers
Authors: Yamauchi Hirotsugu
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the factor structure of job attributes as related to job selection among 596 Japanese workers. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire in which they rated the importance of 22 job attributes on a 5-point scale. Three factors were extracted by principal factor analysis and the factors were rotated by a normalized varimax criterion. The factors were defined as established facilities, future prospects, and utility of specialty factors. Factor scores were compared among amounts of management experience and gender, i.e., divided into 4 groups. There were some significant differences among those amounts of experience and gender in two factors: nonmanagerial workers rated the established facilities as more important than did managerial workers and female clerks rated the future prospects as less important than did male workers.
Importance of Central Issues and Students' Positive Evaluation of Life Events
Authors: Bernstein Bianca L. , Santiago-Rivera Azara
Published: August 2011

To increase our understanding of stress-resistance factors in college students, we examined whether the importance attached to certain issues would distinguish among 123 students who evaluated recent stressful life events positively or negatively. For a subsample of undergraduate students, 16 positive evaluators considered Intimacy and Adventure less important than 24 negative evaluators.
Contributions to Psychohistory: XXV. A Forgotten Pioneer in Psychohistory: Walter H. Abell and the “Tension-Imagery Process”
Authors: Goldwert Marvin
Published: August 2011

In this paper is described a psychohistorical concept from a now-forgotten treatise by Walter Abell.
Measurement of Social Interaction in Change of Health Behavior
Authors: Sharpe Patricia A. , Connell Cathleen M , Gallant Mary P.
Published: August 2011

A social network approach to measuring social interaction related to change of health behavior required 460 participants in a health promotion program to nominate up to five network members and to rate the supportiveness of each person in changing health behavior during the previous year. Exploratory factor analysis of intercorrelations of the eight items suggested two factors representing supportive and negative interaction with internal consistency reliability of .89 and .61, respectively.
Factors That Influence Professional Employees' Willingness to Seek Counseling
Authors: Powell Gary N. , Kotschessa Bonnie
Published: August 2011

120 MBA students in a program with a professional work experience component completed a survey in which they were asked whether they would seek counseling under different sets of circumstances. Respondents were more likely to seek counseling when they were looking for general career counseling or when their employer insisted on the counseling and when they did not have to pay for the counseling themselves.
Developmental Analysis of Sex Differences in Categorical Organization
Authors: Mwangi Mary W.
Published: August 2011

Sex differences in recall and categorical organization of 180 children in Grades 2, 4, and 6 were investigated for a single-trial free-recall task. A memory task composed of 20 items from five conceptual categories was individually administered to each subject under standard instruction. Analysis suggested differential developmental trends for boys and girls. Significant sex differences in recall were obtained in Grade 6 only, with 36 boys showing better recall than 36 girls. An initial male developmental lag in clustering was evident in Grade 2, but no significant sex differences in Grade 4. By Grade 6 boys showed superior clustering. It is concluded that girls and boys show different developmental trends in categorical organization. The developmental trends in the pattern of sex differences in categorical organization obtained in this study are discussed in relation to patterns reported in previous studies.
Self-Esteem, Compliance, and Cervical Screening
Authors: Wilson J. R. , Fazey J. A.
Published: August 2011

A computerized version of the semantic differential was administered to 57 respondents and 43 nonrespondents to invitations for a cervical smear test. 26 concepts pertaining to emotional, social, parental, and health-related domains were tested. The semantic differential was followed by a personal questionnaire. Analysis indicated that fear, worry, and embarrassment were negatively correlated with the decision to have a cervical smear test. Respondents seemed to have higher self-esteem and better relationships with their husbands than nonrespondents.
Binet's Contextual Study of Memory
Authors: Cunningham Jacqueline L.
Published: August 2011

The role context plays in memory formed a central theme of Alfred Binet's (1857–1911) psychological research. This paper describes some of the activities which represented this focus, attempts to explain Binet's concerns and orientations which underlay his interest in this area, and discusses the relevance of this work to contemporary approaches to understanding memory reconstruction.
Gender Differences of Reported Safer Sex Behaviors within a Random Sample of College Students
Authors: Hawkins Michele J. , Gray Cathleen , Hawkins Wesley E.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the frequency of safer sex behaviors with a random sample of sexually active college students ( N = 315) at a university in the Northwest. The most frequent safer sex behaviors were discussion of contraceptives (58.6%), being more selective (46.5%), and reducing the number of sexual partners (43.6%). The least frequent safer sex behaviors included discussion of partner's sexual health prior to sexual behavior (26.1%), using condoms or dental dams (24.4%), one sexual partner (22.6%), and abstaining from sex as a safer sex practice (12.3%). The only two behaviors which indicated gender differences were (a) if they were being more selective as a safer sex practice and (b) reducing number of sexual partners as a safer sex practice. Women were more likely to state that they were “almost always” more selective than their male peers. Findings from this study indicated that a substantial number of students reported “at risk” sexual practices. These findings indicated a need for HIV-prevention efforts.
Self-Perceived Traumatic Stress in College: A Survey
Authors: Oswalt Robert , Silberg Kelly
Published: August 2011

Most studies of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder have involved war veterans and victims of natural disasters and violent crime. To evaluate the incidence at college, 179 college students' responses were examined. Analysis indicated that there was a high frequency of self-perceived traumatic stress in this sample; 42% reported traumatic events, whereas only 6% would meet strict diagnostic criteria. Automobile accidents, deaths, and harassment were events perceived as traumatic. Most students turned to themselves or friends for treatment. Apparently traumatic events are more prevalent on campus than previously thought and (with the exception of rape) are rarely covered in prevention programs. College health authorities should be aware of the high incidence of perceived trauma, inform college students of potential stressors, and provide appropriate treatment.
Work Hardening: Evidence for Success of a Program
Authors: Ricke Stacey A. , Chara Paul J. , Johnson Mary M.
Published: August 2011

The effectiveness of a work hardening program in facilitating gains in physical strength and return to work in 40 chronic low back-pain clients was assessed. Statistically significant gains in physical strength were found. Also, 27 of the 32 clients reached by follow-up telephone calls returned to work full time.
An Arabic Version of the Study Process Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity
Authors: Albaili Mohamed A.
Published: August 2011

The reliability and validity of the Study Process Questionnaire were investigated for 246 United Arab Emirates college students. Analysis provided satisfactory estimates of internal consistency and stability over a 4-wk. period. Results of factor analysis followed by oblique rotation of the six subscales supported the factor structure underlying the questionnaire. In addition, surface approach correlated negatively with students' GPAs and deep and achieving approaches correlated positively with students' GPAs, indicating that the questionnaire approaches were valid in predicting college academic performance. These findings lend support to the reliability and validity of the questionnaire as a measure of studying and learning. In sum, the present investigation provides some evidence suggesting that this instrument can be used with some confidence with subjects other than Australian university students when students are influenced by different traditions, practices, and educational systems.
The Toxicity of Car Exhaust and its Use as a Method for Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The toxicity of car exhaust in the USA, as inferred from the accidental death rate from car exhaust, was not related to the use of car exhaust for suicide.
Linking Culture and Perceptions of Justice: A Comparison of Students in Virginia and South Korea
Authors: White Marion M. , Tansky Judith A. , Baik Kibok
Published: August 2011

This study compared perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice based on 164 students in Virginia and 102 students from Seoul, South Korea. Significant differences were found. Various dimensions of culture were used to try to explain these differences.
Relationships between Learning Styles and Solutions Based on Analogies or Background Knowledge
Authors: Wautier Gary , Westman Alida S.
Published: August 2011

100 students completed Schmeck's Inventory of Learning Processes and tried to solve a medical problem after reading one or two analogies, first before and again after a hint to consider the stories just read. Two analogies made it more likely that those emphasizing Deep Processing (concept formation) would apply the analogies, but two analogies were usually not enough for those emphasizing Elaborative Processing (association) or Fact Retention. The hint helped, especially after two analogies. Students who used more Deep or Elaborative Processing also were more likely to devise solutions from their background knowledge and indicate interest in learning a greater variety of information than those relying on retention of fact.
Linking Environmental Change to Strategic Response: Some Empirical Evidence from the U.S. Oil Industry
Authors: Little John L. , Li Mingfang , Simerly Roy
Published: August 2011

A longitudinal design was used to examine the effects of changes in both environmental uncertainty and resource dependence in the external environment on the change in strategic orientation of organizations in the oil industry, using revenue flows during three distinguishable phases of growth. The authors argue that the interactive effects of these two environmental variables yield more meaningful results than either variable observed separately. Implications of the study are discussed, along with recommendations for research.
Validity of the Amsterdam Child Behavior Checklist: A Short Rating Scale for Children
Authors: de Jong Peter F.
Published: August 2011

The Amsterdam Child Behavior Checklist is a short behavior checklist meant to distinguish between attention problems and several other common behavioral and emotional problems of children in primary education. The list has four scales, Attention Behavior, Restlessness, Aggressive Behavior, and Fear/Uncertainty. We examined the relationships among the scores on the scales and similar scales of the Teacher Report Form, the teachers' version of the Child Behavior Checklist. Teachers from 94 schools rated 454 children on both lists. Analysis showed that the associations between the scores of the scales of the Amsterdam Child Behavior Checklist and of similar scales of the Teacher Report Form ranged from moderate to strong. These data support the validity of the scales of the Amsterdam Child Behavior Checklist.
Power, Dependence, and Satisfaction in a Marketing System
Authors: Zemanek James E. , McIntyre Roger P.
Published: August 2011

The effects of customers' higher dependence on a supplier as in a partnership on the customers' satisfaction was investigated. Data were collected from 409 intermediary customers in a marketing system. A regression model was used to quantify the relationship between the customers' dependence on the manufacturer and the customers' satisfaction. As hypothesized, the results suggest an inverse relationship between dependence on a supplier and customers' satisfaction; however, only 1% of the variance in customers' satisfaction is explained by their dependence on the supplier.
Gender Differences in the Financing of Nursing Home Care
Authors: Lawrence Frances C. , Moser E. Barry , Prawitz Aimee D. , Collier Michael W.
Published: August 2011

Gender was associated with one type of fund used for financing nursing home care, assistance from children. Female nursing home residents were more likely to receive assistance from adult children than were male residents.
The Relationship between Parental Education and School Involvement of Mexican-American Parents
Authors: López Linda C. , Rodrílguez Richard F. , Sánchez Virginia V.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between education and involvement in school among Mexican-American parents was examined. Self-reports were collected from 396 Mexican-American parents of children attending an elementary school in Texas. 136 parents with 12 or more years of education indicated they participated with fundraising and attended school-sponsored functions more than did 260 parents with eleven years of education and less. The latter parents reported serving as room mother, helping their children with homework, and attending parent-teacher conferences more than did parents with more education. Findings suggest parental education may be related to the types of school activities in which Mexican-American parents participate.
Suicide and Domestic Integration in Spain: The Effect of the Source of Suicide Statistics
Authors: Lester David , García Juan Manuel Gutiérrez
Published: August 2011

In Spain from 1950 to 1985, the associations of marriage and birth rates with suicide rates depend upon the source and type of suicide rates used in the analyses.
Systemic Perspective on Obesity in Childhood: A Preliminary Study on Power Interactions between Mother and Child
Authors: Valtolina Giovanni , Ragazzoni Paola
Published: August 2011

33 mother-child dyads with an obese child (aged 9 to 12 years) and a similar control group were studied. The power interaction was used as an indicator of the style of the relationship between mother and child. To analyse the interactions the model of Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson was used because it considers three different possible situations of complementarity, symmetry, and parallelism. A revised version of the Scoresby Relationship Style Inventory was given. Analysis showed that dyads with obese children differ in some ways from the control dyads. These differences include the mother's dominant position in the relationship and the tendency of the obese child to avoid conflict and symmetry and to adopt a ‘one-down’ complementary position. We conclude it is important to improve the study of childhood obesity from a systemic perspective and to extend this analysis to other aspects of the complex familial picture to prevent overweight or to maintain it within reasonable limits thereby avoiding more serious complications.
Which Nations Establish Suicide Prevention Centers?
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The involvement of 12 European Community nations in suicide prevention efforts was not associated with their suicide rate.
Some Comments on a Factor Analysis of the 16PF and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
Authors: Cattell Heather E. P.
Published: August 2011

This paper comments on unusual results recently published by Byravan and Ramanaiah. Their factor analysis of the 16PF and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised showed the scales of the two tests to be largely unrelated. However, two recent factor analyses of these tests show strong relationships between the two sets of global factors—as strong as between the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised five factors and Goldberg's big-five factors. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are discussed.
Evaluating Knowledge-Based Statistical Reasoning
Authors: Royalty Joel
Published: August 2011

Comparisons of reasoning by novices and experts generally suggest that as knowledge increases, general strategies are replaced by the application of systems of knowledge-based concept representation. To assess how training in statistics is associated with the development of “expert” thinking, the relation between general and statistical critical thinking ability was assessed in 50 undergraduates. For students who scored above the median on a final examination of statistical knowledge, formal training was associated with an increase in statistical reasoning and the disappearance of the prior relation between general and statistical reasoning. Students with low knowledge showed neither improved statistical reasoning nor a relation between general and statistical critical thinking either before or after training.
Religiosity, Aids, and Sexuality Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices of Black South-African First-Year University Students
Authors: Nicholas Lionel , Durrheim Kevin
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the association of religiosity with sexuality and AIDS knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of 1,817 black first-year students in South Africa. On a structured questionnaire, consenting students rated themselves on scales of religiosity, attitudes toward homosexuality, intrafamilial communication about contraception, AIDS attitudes, and AIDS knowledge. Negative attitudes toward homosexuality were significantly associated with negative attitudes towards AIDS, high knowledge of AIDS, and high religiosity. Religious commitment diminished propensity to engage in sexual intercourse and delayed age for onset of sexual intercourse.
Serum Cholesterol and Perception of Anger and Sadness
Authors: Guggenheim Cordelia B. , Foster Hilliard G.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of cholesterol levels in 34 forensic patients indicated significant associations with measures of the patients' perceptions of the emotional content in auditory stimuli. In particular, patients with low cholesterol showed hypersensitivity in the detection of anger and sadness The authors hypothesize the involvement of serotonin in the hypersensitivity effects. Organicity and age were ruled out as contributing factors.
Association between History of Abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder for Hospitalized Adolescent Girls
Authors: Atlas Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

Records of 38 hospitalized female adolescents were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between a history of earlier physical and/or sexual abuse and borderline personality. Those with histories of abuse were significantly more likely to score as Borderline Personality Disorder when assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines—Revised.
Parent Autonomy-Enhancement and Development of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Erford Bradley T.
Published: August 2011

Perceptions of parents' autonomy-enhancing behaviors and their children's self-efficacy for problem-solving were explored with 386 college students who were asked their perceptions of parental autonomy-enhancing or controlling behaviors and administered the Problem-solving Self-efficacy Scale. Subjects, describing their fathers to be autonomy-enhancing rather than controlling, reported higher self-efficacy in problem-solving. No differences were observed among subjects with regard to similar perceptions of mothers. No interactions between mother and father were noted.
Gender Differences in Self-Consciousness: A Comment
Authors: Shek Daniel T. L.
Published: August 2011

Gender differences in responses of 500 Chinese college students to the revised Self-consciousness Scale did not support the 1995 results reported by Teixeira and Gomes.
Pessimistic Bias in Predictions of Performance Results
Authors: Subbotin Vadim
Published: August 2011

Realism in the performance predictions of 60 university students was investigated. After a practice trial on a task of creativity, one group of subjects were asked to state their expectations and the other group their hopes for their performance scores on the first and second test trials before each one. Both groups were unrealistically pessimistic about their performance: the first and second trial predictions of the expectation group as well as of the hope group were lower than their actual performance scores. In all cases (except the second-trial prediction of the hope group) the differences reached significance. Results are explained from the functional perspective. It is suggested that unrealistically low predictions may serve an affective function (feeling better).
Name That Tune: Eliciting the Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience Using Auditory Stimuli
Authors: Reefer David M. , Kevari Mary K. , Kramer Daniel L. F.
Published: August 2011

An experiment was conducted to assess whether auditory stimuli could elicit the tip-of-the-tongue state. Subjects were presented segments of 50 television theme songs and asked to indicate the tide of the corresponding show. Twenty-one percent of ail retrieval attempts resulted in an experience of the tip-of-the-tongue state, with women reporting more such experiences than men. The majority of these experiences contained partial information about the target such as the show's characters, actors, or outline. Subjects in the tip-of-the-tongue state were also able to identify the genre and era of the target show with high accuracy and pick it out amongst distractors in a recognition test. Competing responses were relatively infrequent and were usually semantically related to the target show. The similarities and differences between auditory-induced tip-of-the-tongue states and those for other stimuli are discussed.
Active Learning Exercises are more Motivating than Quizzes for Underachieving College Students
Authors: Watson David L. , Kessler Debra A. , Kalla Samia , Kam Carolyn M. , Ueki Kozue
Published: August 2011

For two weeks of an introductory psychology course, covering two chapters of the text, students who were earning a grade of C or below were randomly divided into two groups. A quiz-only control group of 29 students continued to take weekly quizzes throughout the semester, and 27 students who carried out active learning exercises instead of taking the two quizzes. The latter reported that they worked longer than the controls, thought the material was easier, and liked chapters in the text better. When tested a month later they performed as well as the controls on a test of the chapter's material.
False Consensus Bias and Gender: The Case of Judge Clarence Thomas
Authors: Brown Clifford E.
Published: August 2011

Immediately following a weekend of nationally televised U.S. Senate hearings, 53 students completed a questionnaire indicating whether they, same-sex, and opposite-sex students thought Judge Clarence Thomas (a) should be confirmed for the Supreme Court and (b) had sexually harassed Anita Hill. Although there were no sex differences in actual opinions, both sexes presumed gender linkage. Results consistently supported a false consensus effect with one major exception: women who thought Thomas had sexually harassed Hill estimated that relatively few men would agree.
Social Loafing and the Group-Evaluation Effect: Effect of Dissimilarity in a Social-Comparison Standard
Authors: Waller James E.
Published: August 2011

Group performance of 52 college students was motivated simply by the potential for group evaluation, regardless of the similarity or dissimilarity of persons comprising the social-comparison standard.
Periodic Berth-Year Pattern of the Founders of Quantum Physics
Authors: Verhulst Jos , Onghena Patrick
Published: August 2011

The distribution of birth years of physicists involved in the development of quantum mechanics shows a striking periodicity, with a period of about seven years. Although an obvious explanation of the phenomenon is lacking, a preference of humans to cooperate with persons who differ from their own age by an integral multiple of about 7 years could be a possible mediating mechanism.
Appreciation and Understanding of Satire: Another Quasi-Experiment
Authors: Gruner Charles R.
Published: August 2011

85 respondents' “sense of humor” was measured and their understanding of 3 satirical editorials secured. Sense of humor was not correlated with understanding the satires. Most ratings of the satires' “interestingness” and “funniness” correlated positively, confirming previous studies.
Mailed Suggestions Improve Visual Quality of Poster Presentations
Authors: Carter Ned , Scott Berit , Nilsson Kenneth , Friberg Anders , Swahn Örjan , Boulogner Anders
Published: August 2011

Mailing poster presenters a brochure suggesting ways to improve their posters led to visually better posters. A brochure describing 24 ways to improve poster presentations was mailed to a random sample of presenters two months prior to the 1994 Annual Convention of the Swedish Medical Association. Three pairs of observers, unaware of who had received the brochure, evaluated 146 posters [88 recipients ( n = 105), 58 nonrecipients ( n = 70)]. Brochure recipients made use of more suggestions than nonrecipients, and they produced posters giving a better over-all impression. The procedure best correlated with receiving an above-average rating concerned placing conclusions in the upper left-hand corner of the poster. The results show that it may be possible to improve the quality of scientific posters by empirically deriving standards for presentations.
FIRO-B Scores and Success in a Positive Peer-Culture Residential Treatment Program
Authors: Lee Robert E.
Published: August 2011

FIRO-B Wanted Inclusion, Wanted Affection, and Total scores discriminated between 28 adolescent boys who would be successful graduates of a positive peer-culture residential program and 29 who would not. Successful graduates had higher mean scores on these scales. Successful and unsuccessful residents did not differ in scores on Exner Rorschach Experience Balance, Experienced Stimulation, or Adjusted D. Likewise they did not differ in Verbal IQ or age. Openness to social relationships may be an important variable in assessing for whom group-based treatment will work. Where the capacity for relatedness is not present, staff in a group-based program may have to recognize and treat this if the program is to succeed.
Exploring the Role of Individual Job Performance within a Multivariate Investigation into Part-Time Turnover Processes
Authors: McBey Kenneth
Published: August 2011

Individual job performance was examined in a multivariate research investigation into the reasons for turnover among 412 Canadian army reservists. Multiple, comprehensive measures of performance were utilized in the study including self-rated (subjective) as well as organizationally assigned (objective) measures. Only the self-rated measures of performance were significant in their negative relationship with actual turnover behaviour.
Students' Evaluation of Instruction: Faculty and Course Effects
Authors: Weitzman R. A.
Published: August 2011

For 1,610 classes, mutually exclusive contributions of faculty and course to over-all evaluation of instruction were 45% and 15%, respectively, the remainder of the response variation being due to interaction and error.
Exploring the Relation between Personality and the Appreciation of Rock Music
Authors: Robinson Thomas O. , Weaver James B. , Zillmann Dolf
Published: August 2011

Scores on five personality characteristics, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism as well as reactive and proactive rebelliousness, and the appreciation of soft/nonrebellious and hard/rebellious rock-music videotapes were explored. After completing the personality tests, female and male undergraduates were exposed to rock-music videotapes and asked to rate various aspects of their enjoyment of each. Analysis indicated that psychoticism and reactive rebelliousness were associated with enjoyment in a parallel fashion. Specifically, respondents scoring high on psychoticism or high on reactive rebelliousness enjoyed hard/rebellious rock-music videotapes more than did their peers scoring low on psychoticism or low on reactive rebelliousness. The reverse was evident for the enjoyment of soft/nonrebellious rock-music videotapes. In contrast, scores on extraversion, neuroticism, and proactive rebelliousness were not associated with enjoyment. Gender differences emerged, however; women ( n = 78) enjoyed soft/nonrebellious rock music more than did men ( n = 60); and conversely, men enjoyed hard/rebellious rock music more than did women.
Personality and Marital Adjustment
Authors: Nemechek Stephanie , Olson Kenneth R.
Published: August 2011

For 99 married couples, marital adjustment was related to elevated scores on extraversion and openness to experience on a measure of the five-factor personality model.
Gender and Achievement in Mathematics by Indigenous African Students Majoring in Mathematics
Authors: Cherian Varghese I. , Siweya James
Published: August 2011

This study investigated gender differences in mathematics achievement of first-year B.Sc. Degree (mathematics major) students at the University of the North in South Africa. They were 214 male and female students. The ages of students ranged from 17 to 66 for 178 men ( M = 22.3) and 17 to 35 years for 36 women ( M = 21.5). With their marks in mathematics as the criterion measure, no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of the two groups was noted; however, a qualitative examination of the category-wise achievement scores of the two groups suggests further study of the bases for some women's achievement to be higher than the men's.
Covariation Bias and Paranormal Belief
Authors: Schienle Anne , Vaitl Dieter , Stark Rudolf
Published: August 2011

22 believers and 20 skeptics of extrasensory perception (ESP) participated in a telepathy experiment. Subjects were asked to judge the covariation between transmitted symbols and the corresponding feedback given by a receiver. Believers overestimated the number of successful transmissions (‘hits’). Skeptics were characterized by accurate hit judgments. For believers, positive correlations between hit-responses, their heart rates, and their experienced arousal were found. In addition, subjective arousal was positively associated with the hit estimates given at the end of the experiment. This response pattern was absent in the group of skeptics. It is concluded that covariation bias as a psychophysiological concept plays an important role in the maintenance of paranormal belief.
Gender Differences in Mathematics: Trends in Performance
Authors: Taylor P. J. , Pollard G. H. , Leder G. C. , Atkins W. J.
Published: August 2011

Longitudinal entry and performance data for the Australian Mathematics Competition, which in 1992 attracted over 500,000 entries from secondary school students, are presented in this paper. Male and female patterns are of particular interest. Examination of data over the 10-yr. period from 1983 to 1992 showed that the number of females in the postcompulsory years of education electing to enter the competition increasingly approaches entry figures for males. Performance differences between females and males are also decreasing for most of the categories of questions found in the paper. However, the opposite effect was observed in questions categorized as algebraic. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Indigent Adolescents' Concerns about Health Care Reform
Authors: Weinman Maxine L. , Smith Peggy B.
Published: August 2011

This study assessed the knowledge and concerns of 348 indigent adolescent girls on health care reform. Most knew little about current health care reform and most of the information they received came from the media. They listed family planning, treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, and maternity care as their most important health needs.
Gender and Marital Differences for Risk Taking among Undergraduates
Authors: West Gail B. , Moskal Patsy D. , Dziuban Charles D. , Rumbough Lawrence P.
Published: August 2011

The authors report the frequency of behaviors which relate to intentional and unintentional injuries in the undergraduate population in Florida ( N = 1150). Comparisons of risk behavior are made for men versus women and married versus unmarried students. The findings suggest that college students frequently participate in behaviors which can lead to injury.
Is Flexibility Related to College Achievement?: A Five-Year Study
Authors: Goldman Bert A. , Flake Wesley L.
Published: August 2011

This research focused on whether flexibility, measured by the Battery of Interpersonal Capabilities and the Dogmatism Scale, is related to college achievement. Over-all, the findings suggest that the academic progress of a random sample of university freshmen tracked for five years appears to be related to their flexibility scores. This study seems to be the first of its kind and, although differences tend to be small, a specific pattern of results emerged.
Avian Companionship in Alleviation of Depression, Loneliness, and Low Morale of Older Adults in Skilled Rehabilitation Units
Authors: Jessen Jill , Cardiello Frank , Baun Mara M.
Published: August 2011

To assess effects of a companion bird on the depression, morale, and loneliness of 40 older adults in a skilled rehabilitation unit, self-reported measures of depression, loneliness, and morale were completed on admission and 10 days later. With the presence of a companion bird the experimental group ( n = 20) showed a significant decrease in depression but none in morale or loneliness from the control group ( n = 20) who were without a bird. Use of a companion bird may lessen negative effects of change of residence for older adults.
Hitler's Psychopathology: Advantages and Limitations of Psychohistorical Assessments of Personality
Authors: Young Thomas J. , French Laurence A.
Published: August 2011

Psychohistorians have uncovered a wealth of evidence suggesting that Hitler's psychopathology became projected and rationalized as social policy. Despite this cumulative evidence, no specific diagnosis has been generally accepted. The strengths and weaknesses of psychohistorical research and the ethical responsibilities involved in its use are discussed.
Working on Grade Point Average, test Accuracy, and Attendance of High School Students
Authors: Lenarduzzi Grant , McLaughlin T. F.
Published: August 2011

The present analysis examined grade point averages (GPA), subject-matter test scores, and attendance for 274 students enrolled in a high school at the beginning of the 1992–1993 school year by the number of hours worked per week in the previous year (1991–92) and in the current school year (1992–1993). The over-all outcomes indicated that working fewer than 10 hours per week had small adverse effects on each measure. Students working from 10 to 20 hours per week had lower grade point averages and attendance. Students working over 20 hours per week had depressed test scores and grade point averages and more absences than other students who worked less or did not work.
Hotline in China: One Way to Help Chinese People
Authors: Xie Xiaolin , Weinstein Lawrence , Meredith William
Published: August 2011

Due to lack of sufficient professional counselors and psychologists, telephone hotlines were established as a way to reach Chinese people.
Habit-Specific Locus of Control Scales for Drinking, Smoking, and Eating
Authors: Ludtke H. A. , Schneider H. G.
Published: August 2011

The internal consistencies of three habit-specific locus of control scales measuring drinking, smoking, and eating behavior were evaluated using coefficient alpha. The three scales, along with Rotter's I-E scale, were administered to 202 undergraduate students. Estimates indicated the scales showed reasonably high internal consistency. Scores on the smoking and drinking scales had the lowest correlations with scores on Rotter's generalized measure. Mean drinking scale scores were lower than those for smoking and eating, suggesting that people judge drinking to be under more personal control. The implications of habit-specific expectancies, particularly with regard to habit disorders, are discussed.
Content Analysis of Gay Male and Lesbian Personal Advertisements
Authors: Hatala Mark Nicholas , Prehodka Jill
Published: August 2011

396 randomly selected gay and lesbian personal advertisements were analyzed for content. Analysis supported the hypotheses that the 198 men are more interested in sexuality and physical attractiveness, while the 198 women are more concerned with the personality characteristics of prospective partners.
Narcissism and Birth Order
Authors: Eyring William E. , Sobelman Steven
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the relationship between birth-order position and the development of narcissism, while refining research and theory. The relationship between birth-order status and narcissism was examined with a sample of 79 undergraduate students (55 women and 24 men). These subjects were placed in one of the four following birth-order categories of firstborn, second-born, last-born, and only children. These categories were chosen given their significance in Adlerian theory. Each subject completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and a demographic inventory. Based on psychodynamic theory, it was hypothesized that firstborn children were expected to score highest, but statistical significance was not found for an association between narcissism and birth order. Further research is urged to investigate personality theory as it relates to parenting style and birch order.
Attitudes and Observations about Nonverbal Communication in the Psychotherapeutic Greeting Situation
Authors: Flemmer D. D. , Sobelman Steven , Flemmer Michele L. , Åström Jan
Published: August 2011

A survey of 209 licensed psychotherapists was conducted to investigate attitudes towards and observations of nonverbal communication in a reference situation. Background factors such as gender, years of psychotherapeutic experience, hours of therapy practiced each month, and theoretical approach were used to examine relationships. The psychotherapeutic greeting situation, i.e., the first time a therapist and patient meet in a waiting room, was chosen as the reference situation. Female psychotherapists believed that nonverbal communication was more important than male psychotherapists. Psychotherapists with 16 years or more experience supported items that constitute the greeting phase and items on active observation significantly more often than psychotherapists with less experience. Hours of psychotherapeutic practice and frames of reference were not significantly related to any item within the questionnaire. Belief in nonverbal communication was not significantly related to items that involve preparing to meet a patient for the first time.
Weinberger Adjustment Typology and the Five Factor Model of Personality
Authors: Ramanaiah Nerella V. , Byravan Anupama , ThuHien Nguyen
Published: August 2011

Construct validity of Weinberger's Six-group Typology of Adjustment was investigated by testing the hypothesis that the six personality types have different personality profiles. The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory were completed by 170 psychology undergraduates (84 men and 86 women). Results strongly supported the tested hypothesis.
Cross-Cultural Adjustment of Chinese Students in Japan
Authors: Jou Yuh Huey , Fukada Hiromi
Published: August 2011

The present study examined responses of 92 Chinese students in Japan to questionnaires which included adjustment items selected from work of Baker in 1981 and Uehara in 1988. These items were classified by factor analysis into four scales of Emotional, Academic, Cultural-Social, and Environmental. Adjustment scores on the Environmental scale were higher than those on the other three scales. Country of origin was a significant influence only for scores on the Environmental scale. Students who came from Taiwan scored higher on adjustment. There were gender differences on Emotional and Academic scales; male students reported higher adjustment. The effects of students' length of residence and proficiency in the Japanese language could be seen in scores on Academic and Cultural-Social scales; the students who had a longer period of stay or had higher proficiency in Japanese language had higher scores on adjustment. Thus, results indicated that personal differences were reflected in subfactors of adjustment.
Prescription Privileges and Training Issues: A Pilot Study
Authors: Piotrowski Chris , Keller John W.
Published: August 2011

Despite all the rhetoric on the controversial issue of prescriptive authority for psychologists, we posit that the major factor will be one of adequate training standards. As several training models have involved lengthy and rigorous curriculum formats, we conducted a brief pilot study on the views of practicing psychologists. Only one of the 20 licensed psychologists in our sample was willing to undertake an intensive one- to two-year program in psychopharmacology at this stage of their careers.
Adolescence and Diagnostics
Authors: Zdanowicz N. , Janne P. P. , Reynaert C. M.
Published: August 2011

The major diagnostic categories (schizophrenia, borderline disorder, depression) are reviewed and the difficulties in applying this “adult” classification to adolescence are noted. The reasons for these are numerous, i.e., history of the discovery of diseases, the similarities in psychodynamic functioning between the pathological and the “normal” in adolescence, and prognosis which varies depending on age. How, then, does one distinguish between the pathological and the normal at this age, and is the concept of crisis at all useful?
Companion Animals and the Psychological Health of Alzheimer Patients' Caregivers
Authors: Fritz Curtis L. , Hart Lynette A. , Farver Thomas B. , Kass Philip H.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 244 persons in northern California who provided care for individuals with possible or probable Alzheimer's disease was studied to examine the effect of association with companion animals on three indices of psychological health. 124 caregivers had regular contact with pets; 120 caregivers did not. Men who were attached to dogs scored better on some measures of psychological health than did men who had no pets. Women less than 40 years old who were attached to cats scored better on some measures of psychological health than did the same-age women who had no pets. Women aged 40 to 59 years who were attached to dogs scored worse on measures of life satisfaction and depression than did the same-age women who had no pets. The data suggested a positive indirect effect on caregivers' mental health through interaction between the pet and the patient, but small strata numbers precluded definitive conclusions. Association with pets appeared to temper some of the psychological stress associated with caring for a cognitively impaired adult among young female and male caregivers but not among middle-aged female caregivers.