bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catechin Composition, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Properties of Commercially-Available Bagged, Gunpowder, and Matcha Green Teas
Authors: Meyer Bailey R. , White Haley M. , McCormack Jared D. , Niemeyer Emily D.
Published: November 2023

The leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant are used to produce many different types of teas, and green tea is particularly noted for its health promoting properties which are attributed to high concentrations of phenolic compounds known as catechins. Green tea is available in forms such as bagged, gunpowder (rolled leaf), and matcha, a fine powder. This study evaluated the phenolic content, catechin composition, caffeine concentration, and antioxidant properties of fifteen commercially-available green teas with an emphasis on identifying differences between ceremonial and culinary matcha. Gunpowder and bagged green teas had higher total phenolic contents and greater CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) antioxidant capacities than matcha teas. Among matcha samples, less expensive culinary teas had greater total phenolic contents and higher antioxidant capacities than ceremonial products. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine similarities and differences in catechin composition and revealed that bagged and gunpowder green teas had the highest levels of the stereoisomers epi/catechin gallate, which correlated with their strong antioxidant properties. Bagged and gunpowder teas were the lowest cost products in this study, indicating that they are an economical choice for consumers who want a green tea beverage with high catechin content, although they generally had lower caffeine levels than matcha.
KCl, KNO3, and Annealing for Modifying the Morphology and Properties of Ca-P Layers on Mg Alloy
Authors: Cesarz-Andraczke Katarzyna , Paczuła Daria , Nuckowski Paweł M.
Published: November 2023

The aim of the work was to obtain a dense and uniform calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating on the studied magnesium (Mg) alloy using simple methods that are easy to implement on an industrial scale. In this work, Ca-P layers were prepared on the surface of a Mg alloy. The simple wet chemical method based on immersion in an aqueous solution was used to prepare the Ca-P layer on the Mg alloy (AM60) surface. The effect of chemical modification by potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), as well as annealing on the morphology of the phosphate layers on the AM60 alloy, was determined, as well as the impact of this layer on the evolution of hydrogen in Ringer’s solution. The addition of KCl and KNO3 to the phosphating bath caused coagulation and agglomeration of the elements of the Ca-P coating. Consequently, the flake structure of the Ca-P coating changes into two types of structures: chrysanthemum and rhombohedral. Annealing at 150 °C for 3 h allows one to obtain a dense and uniform Ca-P coating on the studied Mg alloy. The Ca-P coating obtained by annealing at 150 °C can greatly decrease the hydrogen evolution rate of AM60 alloy in Ringer’s solution to 0.02 ml/cm2/day, which is similar to the safe amount of hydrogen for the human body (H2 ≈ 0.01 ml/cm2/day).
Guidelines for Neuroprognostication in Critically Ill Adults with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Hwang David Y. , Kim Keri S. , Muehlschlegel Susanne , Wartenberg Katja E. , Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Alexander Sheila A. , Busl Katharina M. , Creutzfeldt Claire J. , Fontaine Gabriel V. , Hocker Sara E. , Madzar Dominik , Mahanes Dea , Mainali Shraddha , Sakowitz Oliver W. , Varelas Panayiotis N. , Weimar Christian , Westermaier Thomas , Meixensberger Jürgen
Published: November 2023

Background

The objective of this document is to provide recommendations on the formal reliability of major clinical predictors often associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) neuroprognostication.

Methods

A narrative systematic review was completed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting questions. Predictors, which included both individual clinical variables and prediction models, were selected based on clinical relevance and attention in the literature. Following construction of the evidence profile and summary of findings, recommendations were based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Good practice statements addressed essential principles of neuroprognostication that could not be framed in the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting format.

Results

Six candidate clinical variables and two clinical grading scales (the original ICH score and maximally treated ICH score) were selected for recommendation creation. A total of 347 articles out of 10,751 articles screened met our eligibility criteria. Consensus statements of good practice included deferring neuroprognostication—aside from the most clinically devastated patients—for at least the first 48–72 h of intensive care unit admission; understanding what outcomes would have been most valued by the patient; and counseling of patients and surrogates whose ultimate neurological recovery may occur over a variable period of time. Although many clinical variables and grading scales are associated with ICH poor outcome, no clinical variable alone or sole clinical grading scale was suggested by the panel as currently being reliable by itself for use in counseling patients with ICH and their surrogates, regarding functional outcome at 3 months and beyond or 30-day mortality.

Conclusions

These guidelines provide recommendations on the formal reliability of predictors of poor outcome in the context of counseling patients with ICH and surrogates and suggest broad principles of neuroprognostication. Clinicians formulating their judgments of prognosis for patients with ICH should avoid anchoring bias based solely on any one clinical variable or published clinical grading scale.
Underground Geodiversity of Italian Show Caves: an Overview
Authors: Sanna Laura , Chiarini Veronica , De Waele Jo
Published: November 2023

About a fifth of the Italian territory is characterised by the presence of soluble rocks, consisting mainly of limestone and dolostone but also of marble and evaporite rocks (gypsum). More than 50,000 natural caves are currently known in this country, a number that is constantly increasing thanks to speleological exploration. Less than 1% of these caves are equipped for visits, and only 64 can be defined as real show (tourist) caves. In the latter, it is necessary to buy an entrance ticket, visits take place only accompanied by a guide, and the underground trail is equipped with paths, walkways and, generally, lighting systems. The Italian show caves expose a great geodiversity and biodiversity, often accompanied by a considerable historical and/or archaeological interest. The underground geodiversity of Italian show caves is related to the variety of lithologies characterising this territory and to the geomorphological and geodynamic processes that have been active during different geological periods. Important scientific research has taken place in many of these caves, and several of these fragile environments are monitored continuously to verify their environmental conditions.
The management of marketing talent
Authors: Jaworski Bernard J.
Published: November 2023

There is very little research on talent management in the marketing discipline. This is despite the significant time and effort that firms allocate the to the entire marketing talent pipeline—including recruitment, selection, training, development, rewards, and promotion within the firm. Michael Farrington serves as the senior vice president, people and culture at Nuvasive and is responsible for the company’s human resources, talent, and total rewards, as well as the corporate marketing, brand and communication functions. This interview sheds light on the nature of how firms manage the end-to-end talent pipeline in marketing.
Chemical and mineral composition of bottom ash from agri-food biomass produced under low combustion conditions
Authors: Adamczyk J. , Smołka-Danielowska D. , Krzątała A. , Krzykawski T.
Published: November 2023

The study aimed at conducting a detailed analysis of apple pomace (AP), walnut shells (WS), and sunflower husks (SH) ashes as potential raw materials for combustion at a temperature of 400 ± 15 °C (individual home furnace). Research methods such as ICP-OES/MS (atomic emission spectrometry with excitation in induced plasma and mass spectrometry), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and SEM–EDS (scanning electron microscopy with quantitative X-ray microanalysis) were utilized. Elemental CHNSO FlashSmart series analyser (Thermo Scientific) was employed for the analysis of oxygen (O). An automatic IR analyser was used to determine the carbon (C), total sulphur (S), and hydrogen (H) content. Total sulphur (S) and chlorine (Cl) were measured by the PN-EN ISO 16994:2016 standard. The nitrogen (N) content was determined by the catharometric method of chlorine by ion chromatography (IC). Higher concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) such as As, Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Tl, U, and Th were detected in apple pomace ashes. The mineral composition of biomass ashes was found to be highly diverse, with sunflower husk ashes containing the highest amount of minerals, including quartz, dolomite, calcite, magnesite, sylvite, arcanite, fairchildite, and archerite. Quartz was identified in apple pomace ash, while in sunflower husk ash, it was determined to be present only as an amorphous substance. The estimated total dust emission to the atmosphere from biomass combustion was found to be at a similar value (1.23 to 1.35 kg/Mg).
Hypercapnia in hospitalized children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa as a predictive marker for readmission: a prospective study
Authors: Viaño-Nogueira Pedro , Aparicio-López Cristina , Prieto-Campo Ángela , Morón-Nozaleda Goretti , Camarneiro-Silva Ricardo , Graell-Berna Montserrat , de Lucas-Collantes Carmen
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To determine whether hypercapnia is associated with risk of hospital readmission related to anorexia nervosa (AN) in children and adolescents.

Methods

We performed a prospective study of patients ≤ 18 years old admitted due to AN decompensation from November 2018 to October 2019. Both subtypes of AN, restricting subtype (AN-R) and binge-eating/purging subtype (AN-BP), were included. Study participants were evaluated upon admission, at discharge and six months after discharge. T-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests was used to compare means values. Pearson or Spearman correlations were used to measure the association between two variables. Logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the relationship between scoring methods and readmission.

Results

Of the 154 persons admitted during the study period, 131 met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 15.1 years. At admission, 71% of participants were malnourished and 33 (25%) had been previously admitted.

We observed a marked decrease in venous pH and stable pCO2 elevation during follow-up period. Hypercapnia at discharge was associated with a twofold increased likelihood of readmission and the odds of readmission increased as discharge pCO2 rose. These findings did not depend on AN subtype or participant sex. Electrolytes persisted within the normal range.

Conclusion

Hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis are common alterations in children and adolescents hospitalized due to AN decompensation. Hypercapnia persists for at least 6 months after discharge despite clinical improvement and is associated with higher odds of readmission. This is the first study to identify an abnormal laboratory finding as a potential predictor of readmission in AN.

Level of evidence

IV: Multiple time series without intervention.
Crosslingual Content Scoring in Five Languages Using Machine-Translation and Multilingual Transformer Models
Authors: Horbach Andrea , Pehlke Joey , Laarmann-Quante Ronja , Ding Yuning
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates crosslingual content scoring, a scenario where scoring models trained on learner data in one language are applied to data in a different language. We analyze data in five different languages (Chinese, English, French, German and Spanish) collected for three prompts of the established English ASAP content scoring dataset. We cross the language barrier by means of both shallow and deep learning crosslingual classification models using both machine translation and multilingual transformer models. We find that a combination of machine translation and multilingual models outperforms each method individually - our best results are reached when combining the available data in different languages, i.e. first training a model on the large English ASAP dataset before fine-tuning on smaller amounts of training data in the target language.
Serum levels of biomarkers that may link chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depressive disorder
Authors: Małujło-Balcerska Elżbieta , Pietras Tadeusz , Śmigielski Witold
Published: November 2023

Background

Depressive disorder is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); according to some studies, it occurs in approximately 80% of patients. The presence of depressive symptoms influences the quality of life and affects the course and treatment of this disease. The cause of depressive symptoms in COPD and the linking mechanism between COPD and depressive disorder have not been clearly elucidated, and more studies are warranted. Inflammation and inflammation-related processes and biomarkers are involved in the etiology of COPD and depressive disorder and may be an explanation for the potential occurrence of depressive disorder in patients diagnosed with COPD. The scope of this study was to measure and compare the profiles of IL-18, TGF-β, RANTES, ICAM-1, and uPAR among stable COPD patients, recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) patients, and healthy controls.

Methods

Inflammation and inflammation-related factors were evaluated in COPD patients, patients diagnosed with depressive disorder, and control individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Interleukin (IL)-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, chemokine RANTES, and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) concentrations were higher in patients suffering from COPD and depression than in control patients. Intercellular adhesive molecule (ICAM)-1 levels were significantly higher in COPD patients and lower in depressive disorder patients than in controls.

Conclusions

Higher levels of IL-18, TGF-β, RANTES, and uPAR in patients with COPD might indicate the presence of depressive disorder and suggest the need for further evaluation of the mental state of these patients.
CT-Based Micromotion Analysis After Locking Plate Fixation of AO Type C Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Lundqvist Eva , Olivecrona Henrik , Wretenberg Per , Sagerfors Marcus
Published: November 2023

Background

Volar locking plate fixation (VLPF) is the most common method for operative fixation of distal radius fractures (DRF). The dorsal ulnar corner (DUC) can be difficult to stabilize as the fragment is small and not exposed when using the volar approach. The purpose of this study was to study fracture fragment migration after VLPF of AO type C DRF, using a volume registration technique of paired CT scans with special focus on the DUC fragment.

Materials and Methods

This pilot study included ten patients with AO type C DRF, all operated with VLPF. The primary outcome was radiographic outcome. Postoperative and 1-year scans were compared and analyzed. Fragment migration was assessed with CT-based micromotion analysis (CTMA), a software technique used for volume registration of paired CT scans.

Results

All plates were stable over time. Two patients showed signs of screw movement (0.2–0.35 mm and 0.35– > 1 mm respectively). Postoperative reduction was maintained, and there was no fragment migration at the 1-year follow-up except for one case with increased dorsal tilt. The DUC fragment was found in 8/10 cases, fixated in 7/8 cases, and not dislocated in any case at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion

The CTMA results indicate that variable-angle VLPF after AO type C DRF can yield and maintain a highly stable reduction of the fracture fragments. The DUC fragment remained stable regardless of the number of screws through the fragment. CT volume registration can be a valuable tool in the detailed assessment of fracture fragment migration following volar plate fixation of DRFs.
Phenomic Imaging
Authors: Lan Lizhen , Feng Kai , Wu Yudan , Zhang Wenbo , Wei Ling , Che Huiting , Xue Le , Gao Yidan , Tao Ji , Qian Shufang , Cao Wenzhao , Zhang Jun , Wang Chengyan , Tian Mei
Published: November 2023

Human phenomics is defined as the comprehensive collection of observable phenotypes and characteristics influenced by a complex interplay among factors at multiple scales. These factors include genes, epigenetics at the microscopic level, organs, microbiome at the mesoscopic level, and diet and environmental exposures at the macroscopic level. “Phenomic imaging” utilizes various imaging techniques to visualize and measure anatomical structures, biological functions, metabolic processes, and biochemical activities across different scales, both in vivo and ex vivo. Unlike conventional medical imaging focused on disease diagnosis, phenomic imaging captures both normal and abnormal traits, facilitating detailed correlations between macro- and micro-phenotypes. This approach plays a crucial role in deciphering phenomes. This review provides an overview of different phenomic imaging modalities and their applications in human phenomics. Additionally, it explores the associations between phenomic imaging and other omics disciplines, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, immunomics, and metabolomics. By integrating phenomic imaging with other omics data, such as genomics and metabolomics, a comprehensive understanding of biological systems can be achieved. This integration paves the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools.
A case study evaluating the performance of a cost-effective optical particle counter coupled with a humidity compensation approach for ambient air monitoring of particulate matter
Authors: Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Park Byeong-Gyu , Lee Sang-Woo , Park Jae-Hyung , Baek Da-Hyun , Choi In-Young , Seo Ye-Bin , Choi Jin-Woo , Kim Jo-Chun
Published: November 2023

The spatial monitoring of submicron particles has become an essential issue due to their negative effects on human health. However, the use of high-cost and high-grade measurement instruments is a challenging investment cost. Thus, a cost-effective optical particle counter (OPC), which is improved measurement quality, has become a good candidate. In this study, two cost-effective OPCs, coupled with a heated inlet tube to reduce the effect of humidity on its measurements, were applied in the field to measure ambient PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 over 1 month. Their 1-h-average and 24-h-average data were compared with those obtained from a reference-grade OPC and a beta attenuation monitor (BAM). In particular, the correlations between the measurement data obtained from them, the differences in the mean values of these data, and the relative errors were evaluated. The PM2.5 data obtained from cost-effective OPCs were comparable to those from BAM at even under high humidity conditions, except for rainy days. The data obtained from the cost-effective OPCs also showed good correlations and low relative errors (i.e., < 7%) compared to the reference-grade OPC, with no significant difference in mean values in terms of the PM2.5 and PM1 data. Although the measurement of PM10 by the cost-effective OPCs showed lower quality than PM2.5 and PM1, the relative errors were still acceptable (i.e., < 18%) compared with those in other studies. Therefore, the cost-effective OPC coupled with a heated inlet tube has the potential to serve as a real-time monitoring instrument for ambient PM2.5 and PM1.
Founding fathers of Greek history-writing in early modern Constantinople
Authors: Kyriakantonakis Ioannis
Published: November 2023

A crucial aspect of the intellectual field shaped by religious relations and conflicts following the Reformation was the domain of historiography, which involved the writing of works that aimed at edification and at the support of the doctrinal stances of opposing ideological factions. This article examines the positioning of early modern Orthodox reflections on the past. The scholars under consideration were the first Greek-speaking writers of early modern times to delve into the uses of historical documentation and raise inquiries concerning the nature and methodology of historical knowledge. The ‘idea of history’ built on the vita activa of key actors of the Orthodox community in the Ottoman Empire, contributing to discussions on identity in a world of competing empires and churches.
Parametrized polyconvex hyperelasticity with physics-augmented neural networks
Authors: Klein Dominik K. , Roth Fabian J. , Valizadeh Iman , Weeger Oliver
Published: November 2023

In the present work, neural networks are applied to formulate parametrized hyperelastic constitutive models. The models fulfill all common mechanical conditions of hyperelasticity by construction. In particular, partially input convex neural network (pICNN) architectures are applied based on feed-forward neural networks. Receiving two different sets of input arguments, pICNNs are convex in one of them, while for the other, they represent arbitrary relationships which are not necessarily convex. In this way, the model can fulfill convexity conditions stemming from mechanical considerations without being too restrictive on the functional relationship in additional parameters, which may not necessarily be convex. Two different models are introduced, where one can represent arbitrary functional relationships in the additional parameters, while the other is monotonic in the additional parameters. As a first proof of concept, the model is calibrated to data generated with two differently parametrized analytical potentials, whereby three different pICNN architectures are investigated. In all cases, the proposed model shows excellent performance.
MORAL SENTIMENTS AND SELF-INTEREST IN ADAM SMITH: TWO COMMENTS
Authors: Ghosal Sayantan
Published: November 2023

This study is a reconsideration of a theme, connecting The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, namely the interplay between moral sentiments and self-interest. Two aspects of the theme are examined. The first consists of an interpretation of the so-called ‘das Adam Smith Problem’, an issue originally pointed out by nineteenth-century German scholars. The second, building on the insight of Smith on the association of shame and poverty, reports on recent research that seeks to examine how emotions impact the perception of economic interests and behaviour in marginalized groups.
Terrified or Enraged? Emotional Microfoundations of Public Counterterror Attitudes
Authors: Wayne Carly N.
Published: November 2023

Despite the widespread assumption of terrorism's “terrifying” effect, there has been little systematic testing of the specific emotional microfoundations underlying public opinion about terrorism. While fear is one well-recognized emotional response to terror threats, in societies where terrorism is rare, anger may play a more pivotal role, with distinct consequences for citizens’ downstream political attitudes. To test the impact of these emotional mechanisms on public opinion in the wake of terrorism, I employ a multi-arm mechanism experiment (n = 5,499) in the United States that manipulates both exposure to news about different types of terror attacks and the encouraged emotional response. I supplement this experimental study with observational analyses of the emotional content of social media posts in the wake of sixteen real-world terror attacks in the United States. I find that not only is anger the dominant emotional response to terrorism across both studies, but also that punitive motivations and support for retaliation are both directly shaped by experimentally induced anger after exposure to news about terrorism. These findings illuminate strategic incentives shaping militants’ use of terror tactics, electoral constraints leaders face in formulating counterterror policy, and the emotional mechanisms fueling cycles of political violence.
Climate Change Signal in Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Today and Near Future
Authors: Lee Chia‐Ying , Sobel Adam H. , Tippett Michael K. , Camargo Suzana J. , Wüest Marc , Wehner Michael , Murakami Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

This manuscript discusses the challenges in detecting and attributing recently observed trends in the Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) and the epistemic uncertainty we face in assessing future risk. We use synthetic storms downscaled from five CMIP5 models by the Columbia HAZard model (CHAZ), and directly simulated storms from high‐resolution climate models. We examine three aspects of recent TC activity: the upward trend and multi‐decadal oscillation of the annual frequency, the increase in storm wind intensity, and the decrease in forward speed. Some data sets suggest that these trends and oscillation are forced while others suggest that they can be explained by natural variability. Projections under warming climate scenarios also show a wide range of possibilities, especially for the annual frequencies, which increase or decrease depending on the choice of moisture variable used in the CHAZ model and on the choice of climate model. The uncertainties in the annual frequency lead to epistemic uncertainties in TC risk assessment. Here, we investigate the potential for reduction of these epistemic uncertainties through a statistical practice, namely likelihood analysis. We find that historical observations are more consistent with the simulations with increasing frequency than those with decreasing frequency, but we are not able to rule out the latter. We argue that the most rational way to treat epistemic uncertainty is to consider all outcomes contained in the results. In the context of risk assessment, since the results contain possible outcomes in which TC risk is increasing, this view implies that the risk is increasing.
Five Martian Mysteries That Have Scientists Scratching Their Heads
Authors: Francis Matthew
Published: November 2023

Despite centuries of study and many spacecraft visits, the Red Planet still holds secrets. Here are just a few.
Probabilistic Source Classification of Large Tephra Producing Eruptions Using Supervised Machine Learning: An Example From the Alaska‐Aleutian Arc
Authors: Lubbers Jordan , Loewen Matthew , Wallace Kristi , Coombs Michelle , Addison Jason
Published: November 2023

Alaska contains over 130 volcanoes and volcanic fields that have been active within the last 2 million years. Of these, roughly 90 have erupted during the Holocene, with many characterized by at least one large explosive eruption. These large tephra‐producing eruptions (LTPEs) generate orders of magnitude more erupted material than a “typical” arc explosive eruption and distribute ash thousands of kilometers from their source. Because LTPEs occur infrequently, and the proximal explosive deposit record in Alaska is generally limited to the Holocene, we require a method that links distal deposits to a source volcano where the correlative proximal deposits from that eruption are no longer preserved. We present a model that accurately and confidently identifies LTPE volcanic sources in the Alaska‐Aleutian arc using only in situ geochemistry. The model is a voting ensemble classifier comprised of six conceptually different machine learning algorithms trained on proximal tephra deposits that have had their source positively identified. We show that incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Nb/U, Th/La, Rb/Sm) help produce a feature space that contains significantly more variance than one produced by major element concentrations, ultimately creating a model that can achieve high accuracy, precision, and recall on predicted volcanic sources, regardless of the perceived 2D data distribution (i.e., bimodal, uniform, normal) or composition (i.e., andesite, trachyte, rhyolite) of that source. Finally, we apply our model to unidentified distal marine tephra deposits in the region to better understand explosive volcanism in the Alaska‐Aleutian arc, specifically its pre‐Holocene spatiotemporal distribution.
Evidence of Topographic Change Recorded by Lava Flows at Atete and Aruru Coronae on Venus
Authors: Tucker Wesley S. , Dombard Andrew J.
Published: November 2023

Coronae are quasi‐circular volcano‐tectonic features on Venus. Four critical observations have been identified within the coronae population, including fracture annuli, a wide range of diameters, complex and varied topography, and various types of associated volcanic features. Geophysical models have attempted to replicate their formation from a variety of lithospheric processes but struggle to recreate all four of the critical observations. Volcanism is an often overlooked characteristic in corona formation models. Paleotopographic techniques are applied to lava flows associated with Atete Corona and Aruru Corona in the Beta‐Atla‐Themis region to investigate post‐emplacement changes in topography. Our results indicate marked divergence between lava flow orientation and the modern slope within the fracture annuli of the coronae. Intra‐annular flows at Atete Corona were emplaced on a surface that was reoriented by up to ∼180°. Intra‐annular flows at Aruru Corona were emplaced on a surface that was reoriented between 90° and 145°. Lava flows on the flanks of both coronae diverge less than those within the fractures. This finding suggests a progression of volcanism that starts at the interior of the corona and migrates outward to the fracture annuli. The role of volcanism, both intrusive and extrusive, is likely to play a more substantial role in the corona formation. Incorporating melt migration into geophysical models could significantly enhance our comprehension of the processes underlying the formation of coronae.
Aerosol delivery of SARS-CoV-2 human monoclonal antibodies in macaques limits viral replication and lung pathology
Authors: Streblow Daniel N. , Hirsch Alec J. , Stanton Jeffrey J. , Lewis Anne D. , Colgin Lois , Hessell Ann J. , Kreklywich Craig N. , Smith Jessica L. , Sutton William F. , Chauvin David , Woo Jennifer , Bimber Benjamin N. , LeBlanc Cierra N. , Acharya Sonia N. , O’Roak Brian J. , Sardar Harjinder , Sajadi Mohammad M. , Tehrani Zahra R. , Walter Mark R. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Kobie James J. , Reader Rachel J. , Olstad Katherine J. , Hobbs Theodore R. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Schendel Sharon L. , Carnahan Robert H. , Knoch Jonas , Branco Luis M. , Crowe James E. , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Lovalenti Phillip , Vu Truong  , Forthal Donald N. , Haigwood Nancy L.
Published: November 2023

Passively administered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) given before or after viral infection can prevent or blunt disease. Here, we examine the efficacy of aerosol mAb delivery to prevent infection and disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant via intranasal and intratracheal routes. SARS-CoV-2 human mAbs or a human mAb directed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are nebulized and delivered using positive airflow via facemask to sedated macaques pre- and post-infection. Nebulized human mAbs are detectable in nasal, oropharyngeal, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. SARS-CoV-2 mAb treatment significantly reduces levels of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and infectious virus in the upper and lower respiratory tracts relative to controls. Reductions in lung and BAL virus levels correspond to reduced BAL inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Aerosolized antibody therapy for SARS-CoV-2 could be effective for reducing viral burden and limiting disease severity.
Spontaneous shock waves in pulse-stimulated flocks of Quincke rollers
Authors: Zhang Bo , Glatz Andreas , Aranson Igor S. , Snezhko Alexey
Published: November 2023

Active matter demonstrates complex spatiotemporal self-organization not accessible at equilibrium and the emergence of collective behavior. Fluids comprised of microscopic Quincke rollers represent a popular realization of synthetic active matter. Temporal activity modulations, realized by modulated external electric fields, represent an effective tool to expand the variety of accessible dynamic states in active ensembles. Here, we report on the emergence of shockwave patterns composed of coherently moving particles energized by a pulsed electric field. The shockwaves emerge spontaneously and move faster than the average particle speed. Combining experiments, theory, and simulations, we demonstrate that the shockwaves originate from intermittent spontaneous vortex cores due to a vortex meandering instability. They occur when the rollers’ translational and rotational decoherence times, regulated by the electric pulse durations, become comparable. The phenomenon does not rely on the presence of confinement, and multiple shock waves continuously arise and vanish in the system.
Immunological and clinicopathological features predict HER2-positive breast cancer prognosis in the neoadjuvant NeoALTTO and CALGB 40601 randomized trials
Authors: Rediti Mattia , Fernandez-Martinez Aranzazu , Venet David , Rothé Françoise , Hoadley Katherine A. , Parker Joel S. , Singh Baljit , Campbell Jordan D. , Ballman Karla V. , Hillman David W. , Winer Eric P. , El-Abed Sarra , Piccart Martine , Di Cosimo Serena , Symmans William Fraser , Krop Ian E. , Salgado Roberto , Loi Sherene , Pusztai Lajos , Perou Charles M. , Carey Lisa A. , Sotiriou Christos
Published: November 2023

The identification of prognostic markers in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy is crucial for treatment optimization in HER2-positive breast cancer, with the immune microenvironment being a key factor. Here, we investigate the complexity of B and T cell receptor (BCR and TCR) repertoires in the context of two phase III trials, NeoALTTO and CALGB 40601, evaluating neoadjuvant paclitaxel with trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in women with HER2-positive breast cancer. BCR features, particularly the number of reads and clones, evenness and Gini index, are heterogeneous according to hormone receptor status and PAM50 subtypes. Moreover, BCR measures describing clonal expansion, namely evenness and Gini index, are independent prognostic factors. We present a model developed in NeoALTTO and validated in CALGB 40601 that can predict event-free survival (EFS) by integrating hormone receptor and clinical nodal status, breast pathological complete response (pCR), stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels (%) and BCR repertoire evenness. A prognostic score derived from the model and including those variables, HER2-EveNT, allows the identification of patients with 5-year EFS > 90%, and, in those not achieving pCR, of a subgroup of immune-enriched tumors with an excellent outcome despite residual disease.
Development of mesothelioma-specific oncolytic immunotherapy enabled by immunopeptidomics of murine and human mesothelioma tumors
Authors: Chiaro Jacopo , Antignani Gabriella , Feola Sara , Feodoroff Michaela , Martins Beatriz , Cojoc Hanne , Russo Salvatore , Fusciello Manlio , Hamdan Firas , Ferrari Valentina , Ciampi Daniele , Ilonen Ilkka , Räsänen Jari , Mäyränpää Mikko , Partanen Jukka , Koskela Satu , Honkanen Jarno , Halonen Jussi , Kuryk Lukasz , Rescigno Maria , Grönholm Mikaela , Branca Rui M. , Lehtiö Janne , Cerullo Vincenzo
Published: November 2023

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. As the available therapeutic options show a lack of efficacy, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Given its T-cell infiltration, we hypothesized that MPM is a suitable target for therapeutic cancer vaccination. To date, research on mesothelioma has focused on the identification of molecular signatures to better classify and characterize the disease, and little is known about therapeutic targets that engage cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells. In this study we investigate the immunopeptidomic antigen-presented landscape of MPM in both murine (AB12 cell line) and human cell lines (H28, MSTO-211H, H2452, and JL1), as well as in patients’ primary tumors. Applying state-of-the-art immuno-affinity purification methodologies, we identify MHC I-restricted peptides presented on the surface of malignant cells. We characterize in vitro the immunogenicity profile of the eluted peptides using T cells from human healthy donors and cancer patients. Furthermore, we use the most promising peptides to formulate an oncolytic virus-based precision immunotherapy (PeptiCRAd) and test its efficacy in a mouse model of mesothelioma in female mice. Overall, we demonstrate that the use of immunopeptidomic analysis in combination with oncolytic immunotherapy represents a feasible and effective strategy to tackle untreatable tumors.
Diagnostic and commensal Staphylococcus pseudintermedius genomes reveal niche adaptation through parallel selection of defense mechanisms
Authors: Sawhney Sanjam S. , Vargas Rhiannon C. , Wallace Meghan A. , Muenks Carol E. , Lubbers Brian V. , Fritz Stephanie A. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dantas Gautam
Published: November 2023

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is historically understood as a prevalent commensal and pathogen of dogs, though modern clinical diagnostics reveal an expanded host-range that includes humans. It remains unclear whether differentiation across S. pseudintermedius populations is driven primarily by niche-type or host-species. We sequenced 501 diagnostic and commensal isolates from a hospital, veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and within households in the American Midwest, and performed a comparative genomics investigation contrasting human diagnostic, animal diagnostic, human colonizing, pet colonizing, and household-surface S. pseudintermedius isolates. Though indistinguishable by core and accessory gene architecture, diagnostic isolates harbor more encoded and phenotypic resistance, whereas colonizing and surface isolates harbor similar CRISPR defense systems likely reflective of common household phage exposures. Furthermore, household isolates that persist through anti-staphylococcal decolonization report elevated rates of base-changing mutations in – and parallel evolution of – defense genes, as well as reductions in oxacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. Together we report parallel niche-specific bolstering of S. pseudintermedius defense mechanisms through gene acquisition or mutation.
Distinct spin and orbital dynamics in Sr2RuO4
Authors: Suzuki H. , Wang L. , Bertinshaw J. , Strand H. U. R. , Käser S. , Krautloher M. , Yang Z. , Wentzell N. , Parcollet O. , Jerzembeck F. , Kikugawa N. , Mackenzie A. P. , Georges A. , Hansmann P. , Gretarsson H. , Keimer B.
Published: November 2023

The unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 has long served as a benchmark for theories of correlated-electron materials. The determination of the superconducting pairing mechanism requires detailed experimental information on collective bosonic excitations as potential mediators of Cooper pairing. We have used Ru L3-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to obtain comprehensive maps of the electronic excitations of Sr2RuO4 over the entire Brillouin zone. We observe multiple branches of dispersive spin and orbital excitations associated with distinctly different energy scales. The spin and orbital dynamical response functions calculated within the dynamical mean-field theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Our results highlight the Hund metal nature of Sr2RuO4 and provide key information for the understanding of its unconventional superconductivity.
Multiple parallel origins of parasitic Marine Alveolates
Authors: Holt Corey C. , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Tikhonenkov Denis V. , Jacko-Reynolds Victoria K. L. , Okamoto Noriko , Cooney Elizabeth C. , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Keeling Patrick J.
Published: November 2023

Microbial eukaryotes are important components of marine ecosystems, and the Marine Alveolates (MALVs) are consistently both abundant and diverse in global environmental sequencing surveys. MALVs are dinoflagellates that are thought to be parasites of other protists and animals, but the lack of data beyond ribosomal RNA gene sequences from all but a few described species means much of their biology and evolution remain unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomes from several MALVs and their free-living relatives, we show that MALVs evolved independently from two distinct, free-living ancestors and that their parasitism evolved in parallel. Phylogenomics shows one subgroup (MALV-II and -IV, or Syndiniales) is related to a novel lineage of free-living, eukaryovorous predators, the eleftherids, while the other (MALV-I, or Ichthyodinida) is related to the free-living predator Oxyrrhis and retains proteins targeted to a non-photosynthetic plastid. Reconstructing the evolution of photosynthesis, plastids, and parasitism in early-diverging dinoflagellates shows a number of parallels with the evolution of their apicomplexan sisters. In both groups, similar forms of parasitism evolved multiple times and photosynthesis was lost many times. By contrast, complete loss of the plastid organelle is infrequent and, when this does happen, leaves no residual genes.
Regulation of eDHFR-tagged proteins with trimethoprim PROTACs
Authors: Etersque Jean M. , Lee Iris K. , Sharma Nitika , Xu Kexiang , Ruff Andrew , Northrup Justin D. , Sarkar Swarbhanu , Nguyen Tommy , Lauman Richard , Burslem George M. , Sellmyer Mark A.
Published: November 2023

Temporal control of protein levels in cells and living animals can be used to improve our understanding of protein function. In addition, control of engineered proteins could be used in therapeutic applications. PRoteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a small-molecule-driven strategy to achieve rapid, post-translational regulation of protein abundance via recruitment of an E3 ligase to the target protein of interest. Here, we develop several PROTAC molecules by covalently linking the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP) to pomalidomide, a ligand for the E3 ligase, Cereblon. These molecules induce degradation of proteins of interest (POIs) genetically fused to a small protein domain, E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR), the molecular target of TMP. We show that various eDHFR-tagged proteins can be robustly degraded to 95% of maximum expression with PROTAC molecule 7c. Moreover, TMP-based PROTACs minimally affect the expression of immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD)-sensitive neosubstrates using proteomic and biochemical assays. Finally, we show multiplexed regulation with another known degron-PROTAC pair, as well as reversible protein regulation in a rodent model of metastatic cancer, demonstrating the formidable strength of this system. Altogether, TMP PROTACs are a robust approach for selective and reversible degradation of eDHFR-tagged proteins in vitro and in vivo.
The nature and nurture of network evolution
Authors: Zhou Bin , Holme Petter , Gong Zaiwu , Zhan Choujun , Huang Yao , Lu Xin , Meng Xiangyi
Published: November 2023

Although the origin of the fat-tail characteristic of the degree distribution in complex networks has been extensively researched, the underlying cause of the degree distribution characteristic across the complete range of degrees remains obscure. Here, we propose an evolution model that incorporates only two factors: the node’s weight, reflecting its innate attractiveness (nature), and the node’s degree, reflecting the external influences (nurture). The proposed model provides a good fit for degree distributions and degree ratio distributions of numerous real-world networks and reproduces their evolution processes. Our results indicate that the nurture factor plays a dominant role in the evolution of social networks. In contrast, the nature factor plays a dominant role in the evolution of non-social networks, suggesting that whether nodes are people determines the dominant factor influencing the evolution of real-world networks.
Direct prediction of gas adsorption via spatial atom interaction learning
Authors: Cui Jiyu , Wu Fang , Zhang Wen , Yang Lifeng , Hu Jianbo , Fang Yin , Ye Peng , Zhang Qiang , Suo Xian , Mo Yiming , Cui Xili , Chen Huajun , Xing Huabin
Published: November 2023

Physisorption relying on crystalline porous materials offers prospective avenues for sustainable separation processes, greenhouse gas capture, and energy storage. However, the lack of end-to-end deep learning model for adsorption prediction confines the rapid and precise screen of crystalline porous materials. Here, we present DeepSorption, a spatial atom interaction learning network that realizes accurate, fast, and direct structure-adsorption prediction with only information of atomic coordinate and chemical element types. The breakthrough in prediction is attributed to the awareness of global structure and local spatial atom interactions endowed by the developed Matformer, which provides the intuitive visualization of atomic-level thinking and executing trajectory in crystalline porous materials prediction. Complete adsorption curves prediction could be performed using DeepSorption with a higher accuracy than Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation and other machine learning models, a 20-35% decline in the mean absolute error compared to graph neural network CGCNN and machine learning models based on descriptors. Since the established direct associations between raw structure and target functions are based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of interatomic interactions, the deep learning network is rationally universal in predicting the different physicochemical properties of various crystalline materials.
Mg-incorporated sorbent for efficient removal of trace CO from H2 gas
Authors: Bang Gina , Jin Seongmin , Kim Hyokyung , Kim Kyung-Min , Lee Chang-Ha
Published: November 2023

Removal of trace CO impurities is an essential step in the utilization of Hydrogen as a clean energy source. While various solutions are currently employed to address this challenge, there is an urgent need to improve their efficiency. Here, we show that a bead-structured Mg, Cu, and Ce-based sorbent, Mg13CuCeOx, demonstrates superior removal capacity of trace CO from H2 with high stability. The incorporation of Mg boosts sorption performance by enhancing the porous structure and Cu+ surface area. Remarkably, compared to existing pelletized sorbents, Mg13CuCeOx exhibits 15.5 to 50 times greater equilibrium capacity under pressures below 10 Pa CO and 31 times longer breakthrough time in removing 50 ppm CO in H2. Energy-efficient oxidative regeneration using air at 120 °C allows its stable sorption performance over 20 cycles. Through in-situ DRIFTS analysis, we elucidate the reaction mechanism that Mg augments the surface OH groups, promoting the formation of bicarbonate and formate species. This study highlights the potential of MgCuCeOx sorbents in advancing the hydrogen economy by effectively removing trace CO from H2.
Origin of outer tropical cyclone rainbands
Authors: Yu Cheng-Ku , Lin Che-Yu , Pun Chi-Hang
Published: November 2023

Outer tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs) are a concentrated region of heavy precipitation and hazardous weather within tropical cyclones (TCs). Outer TCRs pose considerable risk to human societies, but their origin remains unresolved. Here, we identify a total of 1029 outer TCRs at their formative stage from 95 TCs and present a large collection of radar observations in order to establish a robust foundation of the natural diversity of rainband origin. The results show the dominance of outer origin for the observed outer TCRs, in distinct contrast to theoretical modeling works of outer TCRs, which propose inner-origin scenarios. Our analysis also suggests that squall-line dynamics are a common, but not the sole, mechanism responsible for outer TCR formation. The nature of preexisting outer precipitation is found to be an important factor to influence the squall-line and non-squall-line outer TCR initiation.