bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maqasid syariah dan pemikiran pengurusan Islam
Authors: Mohamed Naim Asmadi
Published: July 2021

Maqasid Syariah atau matlamat akhir syariat Islam merupakan satu tajuk utama dalam perbahasan usul al-Fiqh. Topik ini telah menjadi satu tajuk yang amat dititikberatkandalam perbahasan sarjana Islam kontemporari. Melalui pengkajiannya, perkara yang tersirat dalam ajaran Islam diungkai untuk membolehkannya menjadi asas kepadapenetapan sesuatu hukum bergantung kepada pemahamannya.Buku ini membahaskan dan membincangkan topik maqasid tersebut melalui penumpuan terhadap buku-buku umpamanya seperti al-Muwafaqat fi usul al-Syariah oleh Imam al-Syatibi, buku al-Maqasid al-Syariyyah oleh Muhammad al-Tahir dan buku-buku sarjana Islam kontemporari yang menjadikan tajuk maqasid sebagai kajian dan huraian bagi memastikan pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap topik ini.
Globalisasi dan budaya politik di Malaysia
Authors: Sudin Sobri , Hussein Hafidz
Published: July 2021

Buku ini mendebatkan persoalan globalisasi sebagai antara tema utama kajian.Buku ini juga diharap dapat menjadi rujukan pemimpin kerajaan, penggubal dasar,golongan akademik, dan masyarakat keseluruhannya. Proses globalisasi yang sedang berlaku ini perlu dilihat dengan penuh peluang, tetapi harus ditangani dengan cukup berhemah dan berhati-hati. Justeru, bukanlah mustahil globalisasi hanyalah penamaan bentuk baru yang diberikan terhadap usaha konvensional, iaitu penjajahan dengan menggunakan medium ideologi dan mekanisme ekonomi untuk tujuan meneruskankebergantungan negara miskin dan lemah kepada negara membangun.
Juris et de jure paradigma perundangan dalam pembangunan masyarakat
Authors: Abd. Aziz Ahmad Shamsul , Wan Ahmad Wan Izzat , Ayub Zainal Amin , Hassan Mumtaj , Che Rose Sarirah , Md. Ismail Che Thalbi
Published: July 2021

Juris Et De Jure merupakan sebuah koleksi artikel ahli akademik Jabatan Undang-undang Fakulti Pengurusan Awam dan Undang-undang, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Koleksi ini mengutarakan penulisan bertujuan untuk berkongsi maklumat serta menyampaikan idea-idea baru, khususnya dalam bidang undang-undang. Perkembangan semasa dalam setiap aspek hidup masyarakat menyebabkan isu-isu perundangan dan pembangunan masyarakat terkini yang timbul perlu ditangani dengan sebaiknya.Analisis, saranan dan kritikan yang dikemukakan dapat menyumbang ke arah meningkatkan profesionalisme perundangan. Penerbitan ini dapat dijadikan bahan rujukan oleh semua golongan terutamanya ahli akademik, profesional, pengamal undang-undang, penggubal dasar, pelajar serta masyarakat umum. Ini dapat membantu mempertingkatkan ilmu dan kepakaran yang dimiliki.Semoga dengan adanya buku Juris Et De Jure ini, akan menambahkan himpunan penulisan ilmiah yang sedia ada terutamanya dalam bidang undang-undang serta diterima di peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa, selaras dengan hasrat UUM iaitu untuk menjadi sebuah universiti bertaraf dunia.
Asas pengurusan harta tanah
Authors: Osman Shahriza , Shafie Shahril
Published: July 2021

Tanah merupakan sumber terpenting dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial negara.Oleh itu, ia perlu diuruskan dengan cekap dan baik supaya dapat memaksimumkan nilai dan pulangan daripada pemilikannya. Buku Asas Pengurusan Harta Tanah inisecara umumnya membincangkan tajuk-tajuk yang berkaitan dengan definisi tanah,jenis-jenis tanah, pasaran harta tanah, pengukuran, dan pembrokeran harta tanah.Terdapat juga tajuk-tajuk berkaitan pelaburan, pembiayaan dan penilaian harta tanah. Pengetahuan berkaitan dengan pengurusan harta tanah perlu ditingkatkan selaras dengan perkembangan pesat ekonomi negara supaya dapat memaksimumkanpulangan dan juga nilai sesuatu pemilikan harta tanah.
Applying Qualitative Design in Research: Learning by Doing
Authors: Kasim Azilah , Dzakiria Hisham
Published: July 2021

Qualitative research has never been a popular research design within Malaysian academics and research environment. Understanding the convention and fundamentals of conducting a qualitative research is important as it offers a different approach and generates a range of information of different quality from the quantitative approach.

The compilation of the five articles included in this book has been carefully selected so that this book of reading represents different issues and problems that may arise when conducting a qualitative research. This book provides a good description of the research processes and issues that may also be encountered by other researchers especially those that are novice in qualitative research. The readings of the different research compiled in this book will hopefully contribute to the growing field of qualitative research as a research design among educators, researchers and professionals in Malaysia.
Pembangunan implikasi sosial dan fizikal
Authors: Mustaffa Che Su , Wan Abdullah Wan Abd Rahman Khudzri , Khalid Mohamad Sukeri
Published: July 2021

Buku ini mengandungi 11 bab yang membincangkan isu-isu berkaitan implikasi sosial dan fizikal yang wujud daripada pembangunan sesebuah negara.Topik yang diperkatakan adalah relevan, di samping perbincangan kritis pengarang terhadap sesuatu isu.Fenomena kemiskinan misalnya merupakan salah satu daripada implikasi pembangunan, namun strategi pembasmiannya menjadi satu elemen yang harus difokuskan. Buku ini turut membicarakan isu berkaitan kemiskinan dalam kalangan wanita yang merupakan golongan yang perlu diberi perhatian.Selain itu, isu lain yang dibincangkan adalah berkenaan penglibatan bumiputera dalam bidang kontraktor, pelancongan, sektor awam, pengurusan wang dan sebagainya. Sesungguhnya, penghasilan buku ini memberikan manfaat kepada pembaca, pengkaji, pelajar serta khalayak secara umumnya.
Kepelbagaian isu dalam pentadbiran dan pembangunan di Malaysia
Authors: Mustaffa Che Su , Wan Abdullah Wan Abd Rahman Khudzri , Abd Ghani Rohani
Published: July 2021

Buku ini ialah koleksi artikel yang memaparkan pelbagai isu merangkumi sosial, ekonomi dan politik dari sudut pentadbiran dan pembangunan di Malaysia.Artikel yang terdapat di dalam buku ini telah diolah agar bertepatan dengan temanya iaitu Kepelbagaian Isu dalam Pentadbiran dan Pembangunan di Malaysia.Kerencaman dalam pentadbiran awam di Malaysia dapat dilihat melalui artikel pertama yang menyentuh aspek kecekapan, pembaharuan dan perubahan struktur, akauntibiliti serta disiplin dan penilaian prestasi dalam kalangan kakitangan awam.Isu ekonomi turut membincangkan beberapa strategi bagi menangani kemelut yang melanda negara.Antara polisi yang diambil seperti penubuhan Majlis Bertindak Ekonomi Negara (MBEN), Penyusunan Semula Institusi Kewangan dan Kawalan Mata Wang Terpilih telah dilaksanakan.Dari sudut politik pula, terdapat artikel yang menyentuh falsafah pemikiran bekas perdana menteri iaitu Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad.Selain itu, isu politik federalisme yang turut dibincangkan ialah berkenaan sejarah awal kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu, kuasa serta kes imigresen yang berlaku di Sabah dan Sarawak.Aspek lain yang turut diberi perhatian ialah perbelanjaan pembangunan, corak perbelanjaan pembangunan di Malaysia, pengangkutan, pentadbiran undang-undang alam sekitar, unsur sejarah dalam konteks pembukaan Pulau Pinang dan pembangunan sosial dari sudut agama Islam.Selain daripada itu, elemen komunikasi turut dipaparkan.
Penilaian prestasi konsep dan pelaksanaan
Authors: Yusof Ab. Aziz
Published: July 2021

Setiap organisasi perlu mengetahui bahawa penilaian prestasi terhadap pekerja bukanlah satu tugas yang menyenangkan bagi setiap pengurus.Pengurus terpaksa menghadapi dilema, ketidakpastian, dan risiko kesan daripada setiap keputusan yang diambil semasa proses penilaian prestasi. Terdapat tendensi pekerja akan menganggap bahawa penilaian prestasi bukan sebagai isu utama jika dinilai secara lembut.Sebaliknya, jika penilaian prestasi dilakukan secara tegas, akan mengakibatkan kekecewaan, perseteruan dan konflik.Oleh itu, penilaian prestasi perlu ditangani sebaik mungkin agar semua pihak akan mendapat faedah, hasil daripada perlaksanaannya.Buku ini disediakan khusus untuk pengurus dan kakitangan awam, sektor swasta, badan-badan bukan kerajaan, ahli akademik dan golongan profesional, yang mempunyai masalah dalam penilaian prestasi.Selain itu, pelajar IPT juga disarankan membaca buku ini kerana mereka akan turut menghadapi masalah yang sama pada masa hadapan.
Pencukaian lanjutan & terkhusus di Malaysia
Authors: Saad @ Ismail Samihah , Md. Idris Kamil , Derashid Chek , Abdul Jabbar Hijattullah
Published: July 2021

Buku ini merupakan rujukan berbahasa Melayu yang mengambil kira perubahan bagi peringkat pencukaian lanjutan dan terkhusus. Sebanyak 17 bab buku ini merangkumi topik-topik yang peringkat pencukaian lanjutan dan terkhusus yang ditawarkan oleh IPT, seperti Pelepasan Cukai Berganda, Pelepasan Bukan Permastautin, Pencukaian Syarikat, Elaun Perlombongan, Pertanian dan Perhutanan, Penyiasatan Cukai,Pencukaian Syarikat Pajakan, Pembinaan, Pemegang Pelaburan, Modal Teroka,Insurans, Perkapalan dan Pengangkutan Udara, Unit Amanah, dan Badan Amanah.Buku ini memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang topik-topik yang diperuntukkan di bawah Akta Cukai Pendapatan 1967, juga meliputi topik-topik yang dipertuntukan di bawah Akta Cukai Keuntungan Harta Tanah 1967 dan Akta Galakan Pelaburan 1986 seperti Cukai Keuntungan Harta Tanah dan Insentif Pelaburan. Melalui penggunaan gaya bahasa yang mudah dan contoh yang praktikal, buku ini diolah bagi memudahkan para pelajar, tenaga pengajar, akauntan, dan agen cukai untuk memahami kandungannya dengan lebih jelas. Contoh-contoh soalan dan jawapan yang disediakan dalam setiap bab dapat mengukuhkan lagi pemahaman pembaca tentang konsep yang dihuraikan, serta aplikasinya dalam dunia sebenar. Semua contoh disediakan adalah mengikut asas tahun semasa yang relevan.
Optimization of Dimensional Tolerances and Material Removal Rate in the Orthogonal Turning of AISI 4340 Steel
Authors: Sumesh Chathakudath Sukumaran , Akbar Dawood Sheriff , Purandharadass Hari Shankar , Chandrasekaran Raghunandan J.
Published: July 2021

Turning is one of the most used metal removal operations in the industry. It can remove material faster, giving reasonably good surface quality apart from geometrical requirements. Conformity of geometry is one of the most significant requirements of turned components to perform their intended functions. Apart from dimensional requirements, the important geometrical necessities are Circularity, Straightness, Cylindricity, Perpendicularity, etc. Since they have a direct influence on the functioning of the components, the effect of the cutting parameters on them has greater significance. In this paper experiments are carried out to examine the effect of turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on responses like; straightness, roundness, surface roughness, and material removal rate during turning of AISI 4340 steel. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is performed and the influence of parameters on each response is studied. The optimal values of parameters obtained from the study are further confirmed by conducting experiments.
Parametric Study of Heating and Cooling Capacity of Interior Thermally Active Panels
Authors: Kalús Daniel , Straková Zuzana , Kubica Matej
Published: July 2021

ITAP panels - interior thermally active panels with an integrated active surface in an innovative way combine existing building and energy systems into one compact unit, and thus create combined building and energy systems. These are building structures with an internal energy source. Low heat losses, respectively, thermal gains predestine for energy-efficient buildings the application of low-temperature heating/high-temperature cooling systems such as large-area floor, wall, and ceiling heating/cooling. The main benefit of ITAP panels is the possibility of unified and prefabricated production. At the same time, they represent a reduction of production costs due to their technological process of production, a reduction of assembly costs due to a reduction of steps during implementation on the construction site and a reduction of implementation time due to their method of application.
USAGE OF SELECTED RESOURCES FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN MAINSTREAM PRIMARY SCHOOLS: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FROM A KENYAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Buhere Pamela , Ochieng Pamela
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the effectiveness of the use of selected teaching/learning resources in the implementation of Inclusive Education (I.E) for Special Needs Education (SNE) learners in mainstream primary schools. Focusing on the organisational effectiveness of the school management in meeting the needs of Special needs Learners, research questions explored the following: the availability of the selected teaching/learning resources, effectiveness of the use of available teaching /learning for Inclusive Education, challenges in the use of available teaching/learning resources and possible improvements with regard to the implementation of Inclusive Education for Special Needs Learners in mainstream primary schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Out of 150 schools that had integrated Special Needs Learners in Bungoma Count, Kenya, 20% were stratified, proportionately and randomly sampled. Purposive sampling was used to obtain the participants; head teachers, regular, and special teachers. The sample comprised of 30 head teachers, 120 regular teachers and 8 special teachers (total 158). Data were collected using questionnaires for 30 head teachers, 120 regular teachers, interview schedules for 8 special teachers and observation schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings reveal that the integration of inclusive education has not been accompanied by support structures; educators lack the knowledge in handling the available resources, the available learning resources are inadequate and inappropriate. The study recommends that Ministry of education and school managers can implement inclusion smoothly and effectively through a variety of vehicles including in-service opportunities, professional support groups, mentoring activities, monitoring the degree of collaboration between general and special educators and improving the school setting to accommodate learner diversity. In addition, the government should improve on funding to cater for facilities and modification of structures.
Key words: inclusive education, special needs learners, teaching/learning resources.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY IN THREE PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Cain Gerard , du Plessis André
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this qualitative intrinsic interpretive case study, which formed part of a larger Master in Education Study, is to report on the perceptions of teachers in three primary schools regarding the consequences of conflict among educators. Fifty nine educators, including principals, participated in this study that utilised an open-ended questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and focus-group interviews. The rationale for this study was to ascertain what the perceived consequences of conflict are, in order that these schools as well as the district office of the Department of Basic Education could have a sense of what the perceived consequences are as portrayed by the participants. Hence, participants were able to tell their stories through using text and voice. The findings suggest that the consequences of conflict can be categorised as functional (positive) and dysfunctional (negative) outcomes, each with subsidiary themes. Overall, conflict was experienced as a negative force in general, that is perceived as causing defiant attitudes, intolerance, poor cooperation and teamwork, poor relationships, division of unity, poor morale and work ethic, has a negative impact on wellness, leads to absenteeism and ultimately adversely impact on the learners’ learning. On the other hand the positive consequences were improved relationships among staff, greater understanding, improved attitudes, positive change and even personal growth. Keywords: Conflict, conflict theories, consequences, dysfunctional conflict, functional conflict
Забезпечення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняних підприємств в умовах пандемії COVID-19
Authors: Ткаченко В. В.
Published: July 2021

У статті розглянуто вплив карантинних обмежень, запроваджених через пандемію COVID-19, на діяльність вітчизняних підприємств різних галузей економіки. Визначено наслідки та проаналізовано антикризові дії керівників підприємств, вжиті для мінімізації негативного впливу пандемії. Виокремлено ризики та нові можливості для розвитку підприємств і зростання ефективності їх діяльності, спричинені пандемією. Обґрунтовано напрями трансформації діяльності та менеджменту підприємств задля забезпечення їх конкурентоспроможності в постпандемічних реаліях. У дослідженні було використано такі методи як: аналіз і синтез, індукція та дедукція, логічне узагальнення, порівняння, табличний метод.
Cтрес-тестування як інструмент управління фінансовими ризиками у банківській сфері
Authors: Ананьєва Ю. В.
Published: July 2021

У статі враховуючи сучасний стан банківської сфери на шляху структурних інноваційних змін, а також глобальні виклики зовнішнього середовища, потужним стимулом для удосконалення інструментів управління фінансовими ризиками у банківській сфері повинен стати представлений автором концептуальний підхід до їх реалізації. Головним аналітичним інструментом щодо імплементації такого підходу є стрес-тестування, яке представляється як надійний й комплементарний підхід у процесі проведення ідентифікації ризиків й визначення їх кількісного впливу задля своєчасного реагування на виникаючі кризові ситуації у банківській сфері країни. Перевагами такого інструменту насамперед є надійність й комплексність у підходах до ідентифікації фінансових ризиків й визначення їх безпосереднього впливу задля своєчасного реагування на кризу у банківській сфері, маючи важливе значення для управлінців з точки зору проведення оцінки загальної вразливості банківської сфери до системного фінансового ризику.
Методичний підхід до оцінювання рівня кадрового потенціалу підприємства
Authors: Дончак Л. Г. , Бойківська Г. М. , Лисюк С. П.
Published: July 2021

У статті запропоновано та обґрунтовано методичний підхід до оцінювання рівня кадрового потенціалу підприємства на основі використання математичного апарату теорії нечіткої логіки. Це дає змогу врахувати сукупність як кількісних, так і якісних показників, які впливають на систему управління персоналом на підприємстві та дозволяє отримувати достовірну інформацію для своєчасного прийняття відповідних управлінських рішень щодо гнучкості кадрового потенціалу підприємства до несприятливого внутрішнього або зовнішнього впливу.
Efforts to Improve Mudharabah Finance of Sharia Commercial Banks through Third Party Funds and Return on Asset
Authors: Tanjung Adetia Azmi , Affiah Hajar
Published: July 2021

The main focus of this study is to analyze the effect of both partial and simultaneous third party funds and return on assets on mudharabah financing at Islamic Commercial Banks. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach, because the data measurement uses a numerical scale (numbers). The population and sample in this study are the financial statements of Islamic Commercial Banks containing third party funds, return on assets and mudharabah financing. The years 2016 to 2019 were chosen as the sample for this study. The results showed that partially only third party funds had a positive and significant effect on mudharabah financing, while return on assets had no effect. Then simultaneously the two variables of third party funds and return on assets have a positive and significant effect on mudharabah financing at Islamic Commercial Banks.
Public Relations Management in Efforts to Improve School Image and Community Participation
Authors: Hidayat Daman Rasman Syarif
Published: July 2021

Schools and communities are living environment that cannot be separated. A school is a place of learning, while the community environment is a place for the implications of the education and teaching process in schools. In this study, the types of case studies are qualitative. Interviews and literary studies, field observations, and documentation were used for data collection techniques in this study. In this study, the analysis coincided with data collection on the ground. The investigator reduces data obtained in the field by analyzing the data, sorting each information by focusing on research, and drawing conclusions in each direction. Triangulation techniques (sources and methods/technics), observations and member checks are applied to check the validity of the data used in this study. From this research, it can be seen that good public relations or public relations in educational institutions are public relations that can implement the goals, visions and missions that have been set in real terms. The concept and mission are not merely a slogan but are used as the basis for carrying out these public relations duties properly. To make it happen, the vision and mission of public relations in educational institutions need to be supported and the active role of various components in the educational institution, both principals, teachers including all members of the school or educational institution. Finally, so that positive public opinion towards an educational institution can be realized, the development of the vision and mission of public relations in educational institutions based on customer satisfaction can be used as a choice for the achievement of the expected goals.
Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB)
Authors: Ali Hamza Q. , Mohammed Ahmed A.
Published: July 2021

In this study circulating fluidized bed was adopted to remove of Congo Red from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes as a adsorbent. Solution flow rate(6,12 and 18)l/hr, bed height(2,4 and 6) cm and Congo Red initaial concentration (10,25 and 50)mg/l were examined in experiments to show their effects on breakthrough curves and time required to reach the adsorbent to fully saturated curve. The mass transfer coefficient "KL"decreased with decreasing the liquid flow rate. The minimum fluidization velocities of bed found equal to 1.6, 2, 2.5 mm/s for heights of 2, 4,6 cm respectively. The increasing of the bed height will increase the contact time of the solute in the bed, and these improve the solute removal efficiency. the increasing in flow rate and initial concentration will increase the mass transfer rate.
Adaptation of agroforestry as a climate smart agriculture technology in Bangladesh
Authors: Riyadh ZA , Rahman MA , Saha SR , Ahamed T , Current D
Published: July 2021

Geographical position makes Bangladesh globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. It is observed that climate change has become a burning issue jeopardizing the agricultural production in the country. Considering the issue, adoption of climate smart agriculture (CSA) is indispensable for mitigating climate change by reducing emissions, capturing the atmospheric carbon and storing it in biomass and soil. The study reviewed the literature to evaluate the potentiality of agroforestry practices as climate smart agriculture to mitigate climate change impacts. Agroforestry has traditionally contributed to climate resilience in Bangladesh by integrating trees and/or crops into different land use practices. Agroforestry systems enhance resilience to climate change through increasing tree cover, carbon sequestration, increasing production, reducing threats to associated crops, creating favourable microclimate to support associated crops, reducing harvest pressure on natural forests, conserving biodiversity and cycling nutrients. Globally 23 countries recognize agroforestry as a mitigation priority, whereas 29 as an adaptation priority. Bangladesh has potential to expand agroforestry practices to mitigate climate change and boost food security. From socioeconomic and ecological point of views as well, agroforestry offers strong potential to evolve climate smart agricultural practices supporting food security, and adaptation and mitigation. Agroforestry practices should increase in climate vulnerable agroecosystems of Bangladesh.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 49-59, June 2021
Sistem Informasi Geografis Sebaran Lokasi Titik Peternakan Di Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Asahan
Authors: Dali Ansa Sri Devi , Hutagalung Jhonson Efendi , Rohminatin Rohminatin
Published: July 2021

Abstract:The potential for livestock in Asahan district is very good. Besides the situation and conditions there are supportive, the geographic location of Asahan Regency also supports the District Animal Husbandry Office in the livestock sector because the area mostly covers land, so that the Asahan District Animal Husbandry Service staff in the field of livestock can help potential types of livestock based on certain areas. In addition, officers can also classify livestock birth data by district in order to increase the potential of existing livestock. The potential of livestock in Asahan district is not well managed and there is no informative mapping and monitoring that utilizes modern computer technology. Mapping and monitoring cannot be done because there is no education about the geographic information system and monitoring of the Asahan District Animal Husbandry Office and the current system is still conventional, so information about livestock does not reach the wider community, especially the Asahan area which results in a lack of knowledge. and information on the distribution of existing livestock. Therefore, the solution to increase public insight and knowledge of the potential of livestock in Asahan, a geographic information system and monitoring will be made to map the number of points of livestock distribution. Keywords: GIS, Distribution of Farm Point Locations, PHP and MySQL  Abstrak: Potensi ternak di kabupaten Asahan sangat bagus. Selain situasi dan kondisi disana mendukung, letak geografis kabupaten Asahan pun juga mendukung untuk Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten bidang peternakan dikarenkan wilayahnya sebagian besar meliputi daratan, sehingga petugas Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Asahan bidang peternakan dapat membantu jenis ternak yang berpotensi berdasarkan wilayah tertentu. Selain itu petugas juga bisa mengelompokkan data kelahiran ternak per kecamatan guna meningkatkan potensi ternak yang ada.Potensi ternak di kabupaten Asahan tidak dikelola dengan baik dan belum ada pemetaan yang informatif serta monitoring yang memanfaatkan teknologi komputer modern. Pemetaan dan monitoring belum bisa dilakukan dikarenakan belum adanya edukasi tentang sistem informasi geografis dan monitoring terhadap pihak kantor Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Asahan  dan sistem yang dijalankan saat ini pun masih konvensional, sehingga informasi tentang ternak tidak sampai ke masyarakat luas khususnya wilayah Asahan yang berdampak pada minimnya pengetahuan dan informasi terhadap sebaran hewan ternak yang ada. Oleh karena itu solusi untuk meningkatkan wawasan dan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap potensi ternak yang ada di Asahan, maka akan dibuatkan sistem informasi geografis dan monitoring untuk memetakan jumlah titik sebaran ternak. Kata Kunci : GIS, Sebaran Lokasi Titik Peternakan, PHP dan MySQL
The accuracy and consistency of mastery for each content domain using the Rasch and deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate diagnostic classification models: a simulation study and a real-world analysis using data from the Korean Medical Licensing Examination
Authors: Seo Dong Gi , Kim Jae Kum
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) were developed to identify the mastery or non-mastery of the attributes required for solving test items, but their application has been limited to very low-level attributes, and the accuracy and consistency of high-level attributes using DCMs have rarely been reported compared with classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory models. This paper compared the accuracy of high-level attribute mastery between deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (DINA) and Rasch models, along with sub-scores based on CTT.Methods: First, a simulation study explored the effects of attribute length (number of items per attribute) and the correlations among attributes with respect to the accuracy of mastery. Second, a real-data study examined model and item fit and investigated the consistency of mastery for each attribute among the 3 models using the 2017 Korean Medical Licensing Examination with 360 items.Results: Accuracy of mastery increased with a higher number of items measuring each attribute across all conditions. The DINA model was more accurate than the CTT and Rasch models for attributes with high correlations (>0.5) and few items. In the real-data analysis, the DINA and Rasch models generally showed better item fits and appropriate model fit. The consistency of mastery between the Rasch and DINA models ranged from 0.541 to 0.633 and the correlations of person attribute scores between the Rasch and DINA models ranged from 0.579 to 0.786.Conclusion: Although all 3 models provide a mastery decision for each examinee, the individual mastery profile using the DINA model provides more accurate decisions for attributes with high correlations than the CTT and Rasch models. The DINA model can also be directly applied to tests with complex structures, unlike the CTT and Rasch models, and it provides different diagnostic information from the CTT and Rasch models.
Spatial, temporal, and environmental influences on Atlantic cod Gadus morhua offshore recruitment signals in Newfoundland
Authors: Lunzmann-Cooke EL , Gregory RS , Snelgrove PVR , Cote D , Fuentes-Yaco C
Published: July 2021

Numerous studies demonstrate the utility of information from coastal seine surveys for monitoring juveniles of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, but few studies have linked such surveys to older ages within cohorts. We related juvenile (age-0 and -1) cod population components at a long-term monitoring site in Newfoundland to offshore pre-adult (age-3) cod recruitment at multiple spatial scales and explored some environmental and biological factors that affect juvenile-recruit relationships. Our models revealed significant relationships between juvenile and pre-adult abundance. The strength of these relationships varied with distance from nursery habitats and among fisheries management zones. Additionally, chlorophyll a concentration and body length during early life stages appeared to influence the strength of the relationship between juvenile and age-3 abundance. The potential to use juveniles as general indicators of future pre-adult abundance can aid in planning for low recruitment years and improve inferences about the response of cod population abundance to environmental changes. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge demonstrating the utility of juvenile surveys in anticipating future year-class strength.
Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides and Type VI Secretion Systems: A Promising Way to Improve Nitrogen Acquisition by Legumes
Authors: De Sousa Bruna Fernanda Silva , Castellane Tereza Cristina Luque , Tighilt Lilia , Lemos Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo , Rey Luis
Published: July 2021

At present, there are numerous examples in which symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia can totally replace the use of nitrogen fertilizers in legume crops. Over the years, there has been a great effort by research institutions to develop and select rhizobial inoculants adapted for these crops. The symbiotic process is highly dependent on the dynamic exchange of signals and molecular nutrients between partners. Our focus in this review was to discuss the two key determinants in successful symbiotic interactions of rhizobia to nodulate pulses. One of them is the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and the other the presence of the type VI secretion system (T6SS). EPS are extracellular polymers weakly associated with the bacterial surface and are abundantly released into acid soils facilitating, among other functions, an adaptation of rhizobia to this environment. On the other hand, different protein secretion systems, involved in symbiosis, have been described in rhizobia. This is not the case with the T6SS. The current availability of various rhizobial genomes offers the possibility of discussing its role in symbiosis. The study of these determinants will be of great utility for the selection of effective inoculants for legumes, a promising way to improve nitrogen acquisition by legumes.
Biotechnological Applications of Eggshell: Recent Advances
Authors: Ahmed Tamer A. E. , Wu Ling , Younes Manar , Hincke Maxwell
Published: July 2021

The eggshell (ES) provides protection against pathogenic and physical insults while supplying essential metabolic and nutritional needs for the growing avian embryo. It is constituted mainly of calcium carbonate arranged as calcite crystals. The global chicken egg production in 2018 was over 76.7 million metric tons. In industrialized countries, about 30% of eggs are processed at breaker plants that produce liquid egg products and large quantities of solid ES waste. ES waste is utilized for a variety of low-value applications, or alternatively is disposed in landfill with associated economic and environmental burdens. The number of patents pertaining to ES applications has increased dramatically in recent years; of 673 patents granted in the last century, 536 (80%) were published in the last two decades. This review provides a snapshot of the most recent patents published between 2015 and 2020, with emphasis on different biotechnological applications of ES waste, and summarizes applications for biomedical, chemical, engineering, and environmental technologies. Biomedical technologies include the production of calcium lactate, calcium phosphate, and health-promoting products, while chemical technologies include plant growth promoters, food processing and production, and biodiesel oil catalysis along with active calcium, carbon, soluble proteins, organic calcium, and ultrafine calcium carbonate sources. Engineering technologies address material engineering and nanoparticle production, while environmental technologies pertain to production of biomass, solubilization of sludge as well as production of magnetic ES adsorbents and adsorption of heavy metals, organics, total nitrogen and fluoride, soil pollutants, and radioactive compounds. Although the number of ES-based patents has exponentially increased in the last decade, exploration of innovative top-down approaches and ES development as a physical platform are new endeavors that are expected to further increase the upscaling of ES waste exploitation.
An Optimization Algorithm for Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Dou Yifeng , Meng Wentao
Published: July 2021

As one of the most vulnerable cancers of women, the incidence rate of breast cancer in China is increasing at an annual rate of 3%, and the incidence is younger. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the risk of breast cancer, including the cause of disease and the prediction of breast cancer risk based on historical data. Data based statistical learning is an important branch of modern computational intelligence technology. Using machine learning method to predict and judge unknown data provides a new idea for breast cancer diagnosis. In this paper, an improved optimization algorithm (GSP_SVM) is proposed by combining genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing with support vector machine algorithm. The results show that the classification accuracy, MCC, AUC and other indicators have reached a very high level. By comparing with other optimization algorithms, it can be seen that this method can provide effective support for decision-making of breast cancer auxiliary diagnosis, thus significantly improving the diagnosis efficiency of medical institutions. Finally, this paper also preliminarily explores the effect of applying this algorithm in detecting and classifying breast cancer in different periods, and discusses the application of this algorithm to multiple classifications by comparing it with other algorithms.
STX2 Promotes Trophoblast Growth, Migration, and Invasion Through Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway in Preeclampsia
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Xian-li , Ma Chun-ling , Li Chao , Zhan Ying , Li Wen-ting , Li Can , Wang Yi-hao
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Abnormal trophoblast behaviors during pregnancy contribute to the development of preeclampsia (PE). Syntaxin2 (STX2) has been shown to be a crucial epithelial mediator in numerous diseases. However, the functions of STX2 and the mechanisms underlying its role in PE remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of STX2 on trophoblast biology and unravel the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of PE.

Materials and Methods

We first compared the expression of STX2 in placental tissues from women with PE and women with normal pregnancies. Then, we investigated the role of STX2 on trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion in HTR-8/SVneo and primary human trophoblast cells by loss or gain of function experiments. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown and immunofluorescence assays were performed to investigate the co-localization of STX2 with other proteins, and to help clarify the mechanisms underlying STX2-mediated functions on trophoblasts.

Results

We demonstrated that STX2 expression was downregulated in placental tissues of women with PE compared with those from normal pregnancies. Loss and gain of function experiments further confirmed a role for STX2 in cell proliferation, migration and invasion in trophoblasts. By co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown and immunofluorescence co-localization assays, we revealed that STX2 selectively interacted with p85, a subunit of PI3K, and directly recruited p85 to the cytomembrane, thereby activating the AKT signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that the AKT activation was abolished by the use of a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), which negatively affected STX2-mediated functions on trophoblasts.

Conclusion

All together, our findings point to a crucial role for STX2 in PE progression. Our new insights also suggest that STX2 may be a potential diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutic target for treating PE.
Pharmacological Inactivation of CatSper Blocks Sperm Fertilizing Ability Independently of the Capacitation Status of the Cells: Implications for Non-hormonal Contraception
Authors: Curci Ludmila , Carvajal Guillermo , Sulzyk Valeria , Gonzalez Soledad Natalia , Cuasnicú Patricia S.
Published: July 2021

Cation channel of sperm (CatSper), the main sperm-specific Ca2+ channel, plays a key role in mammalian fertilization, and it is essential for male fertility, becoming an attractive target for contraception. Based on this, in the present work, we investigated the effects of CatSper inactivation on in vitro and in vivo sperm fertilizing ability and the mechanisms underlying such effects. Exposure of cauda epididymal mouse sperm to different concentrations (1–20 μM) of the potent CatSper inhibitor HC-056456 (HC) during in vitro capacitation showed no effects on sperm viability but significantly affected Ca2+ entry into the cells, progressive motility, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, induced acrosome reaction, and hyperactivation, as well as the sperm’s ability to in vitro fertilize cumulus oocyte complexes and zona-free eggs. Whereas the presence of HC during gamete coincubation did not affect in vitro fertilization, exposure of either non-capacitating or already capacitated sperm to HC prior to gamete coincubation severely reduced fertilization, indicating that sperm function is affected by HC when the cells are incubated with the drug before sperm–egg interaction. Of note, insemination of HC-treated sperm into the uterus significantly or completely reduced the percentage of oviductal fertilized eggs showing, for the first time, the effects of a CatSper inhibitor on in vivo fertilization. These observations, together with the finding that HC affects sperm fertilizing ability independently of the sperm capacitation status, provide further insights on how CatSper regulates sperm function and represent a solid proof of concept for developing a male/female non-hormonal contraceptive based on the pharmacological blockage of CatSper activity.
Cellular Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Mabuchi Yo , Okawara Chikako , Méndez-Ferrer Simón , Akazawa Chihiro
Published: July 2021

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are present in various body tissues and help in maintaining homeostasis. The stemness of MSCs has been evaluated in vitro. In addition, analyses of cell surface antigens and gene expression patterns have shown that MSCs comprise a heterogeneous population, and the diverse and complex nature of MSCs makes it difficult to identify the specific roles in diseases. There is a lack of understanding regarding the classification of MSC properties. In this review, we explore the characteristics of heterogeneous MSC populations based on their markers and gene expression profiles. We integrated the contents of previously reported single-cell analysis data to better understand the properties of mesenchymal cell populations. In addition, the cell populations involved in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are outlined. Owing to the diversity of terms used to describe MSCs, we used the text mining technology to extract topics from MSC research articles. Recent advances in technology could improve our understanding of the diversity of MSCs and help us evaluate cell populations.
CAM-DR: Mechanisms, Roles and Clinical Application in Tumors
Authors: Huang Yuejiao , Wang Yuchan , Tang Jie , Qin Shiyi , Shen Xianjuan , He Song , Ju Shaoqing
Published: July 2021

Despite the continuous improvement of various therapeutic techniques, the overall prognosis of tumors has been significantly improved, but malignant tumors in the middle and advanced stages still cannot be completely cured. It is now evident that cell adhesion-mediated resistance (CAM-DR) limits the success of cancer therapies and is a great obstacle to overcome in the clinic. The interactions between tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules or adjacent cells may play a significant role in initiating the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival upon binding to their ligands. Recent studies illustrate that these adhesion-related factors may contribute to the survival of cancer cells after chemotherapeutic therapy, advantageous to resistant cells to proliferate and develop multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular basis of these interactions and the main signal transduction pathways that are involved in the enhancement of the cancer cells’ survival. Furthermore, therapies targeting interactions between cancer cells and their environment to enhance drug response or prevent the emergence of drug resistance will also be discussed.
Keeping Balance Between Genetic Stability and Plasticity at the Telomere and Subtelomere of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Li Bibo
Published: July 2021

Telomeres, the nucleoprotein complexes at chromosome ends, are well-known for their essential roles in genome integrity and chromosome stability. Yet, telomeres and subtelomeres are frequently less stable than chromosome internal regions. Many subtelomeric genes are important for responding to environmental cues, and subtelomeric instability can facilitate organismal adaptation to extracellular changes, which is a common theme in a number of microbial pathogens. In this review, I will focus on the delicate and important balance between stability and plasticity at telomeres and subtelomeres of a kinetoplastid parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, which causes human African trypanosomiasis and undergoes antigenic variation to evade the host immune response. I will summarize the current understanding about T. brucei telomere protein complex, the telomeric transcript, and telomeric R-loops, focusing on their roles in maintaining telomere and subtelomere stability and integrity. The similarities and differences in functions and underlying mechanisms of T. brucei telomere factors will be compared with those in human and yeast cells.
Plausible Pnicogen Bonding of epi-Cinchonidine as a Chiral Scaffold in Catalysis
Authors: Ullah Zakir , Kim Kang , Venkanna Arramshetti , Kim Hye su , Kim Moon Il , Kim Mi-hyun
Published: July 2021

As a non-covalent interaction of a chiral scaffold in catalysis, pnicogen bonding ofepi-cinchonidine (epi-CD), a cinchona alkaloid, was simulated to consider whether the interaction can have the potential controlling enantiotopic face like hydrogen bonding. Among five reactive functional groups inepi-CD, two stable complexes of the hydroxyl group (X-epi-CD1) at C17and of the quinoline ring (X-epi-CD2) at N16with pnictide family analytes [X = substituted phosphine (PX), i.e., F, Br, Cl, CF3, CN, HO, NO2, and CH3, and pnictide family analytes, i.e., PBr3, BiI3, SbI3, and AsI3] were predicted with intermolecular interaction energies, charge transfer (QMullikenand QNBO), and band gap energies of HOMO–LUMO (Eg) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of density functional theory. It was found that the dominant site of pnicogen bonding in epi-CD is the quinoline ring (N16atom) rather than the hydroxyl group (O36atom). In addition, the UV-Vis spectra of the complex were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level and compared with experimental measurements. Through these calculations, two intermolecular interactions (H-bond vs. pnicogen bond) ofepi-CDwere compared.
Reversible Covalent PROTACs: Novel and Efficient Targeted Degradation Strategy
Authors: Yuan Minghua , Chu Yanan , Duan Yongtao
Published: July 2021

The proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which are composed of a target protein binding moiety, a linker, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase binder, have been a promising strategy for drug design and discovery. Given the advantages of potency, selectivity, and drug resistance over inhibitors, several PROTACs have been reported in literature, which mostly focus on noncovalent or irreversible covalent binding to the target proteins. However, it must be noted that noncovalent or irreversible PROTACs have several drawbacks such as weak binding affinity and unpredictable off-target effects. Reversible covalent PROTACs, with properties of enhanced potency, selectivity, and long duration of action, have attracted an increasing amount of attention. Here, we propose a comparison between these three patterns and highlight that reversible covalent PROTACs could pave the way for a wide variety of challenging target degradations.