bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Person-Role Conflict and Systemic Dysfunction
Authors: Bernard Harold S. , White Emily
Published: March 2007

The nature and consequences of conflicts between roles and the persons who occupy them are explored. Two case studies focus on systems in which such conflicts were salient: a program for the education of gifted children and a private psychiatric hospital. The public, private, and unconscious dimensions of various roles within each system are examined, as are the resultant role relations in each setting. The importance of the interface between and among the different dimensions of roles within organizations is emphasized.
Follow-up with Unique Insights on Program Evaluation
Authors: Blake Robert R. , Mouton Jane Srygley
Published: March 2007

Three examples of research evaluating the utility of Grid organization development are presented. One shows significant gain in productivity and decrease of control lable cost in a pre-post study. The second is based on research that demonstrated a 400% profit increase over a 10-year period in an experiment in contrast with a control company. The third demonstrates that sound teamwork in the cockpit resulted in a doubling of the number of miles flown without a hull loss in comparison with industrywide figures. The conclusion from these and other studies is that Grid organization development is (1) well researched and (2) has an impact on bottom line.
Organizational Life Cycles in Banking
Authors: Metzger Robert O.
Published: March 2007

Deregulation has leveled the "playing field" and taught bankers over the past decade how to use a rash of management concepts new to the industry, from product management and costing to merchandising and distribution systems development to creating competitive advantage and value added pricing. One area still to be developed by bankers is that of organization design and leadership evaluation. This article explores the concept of organizational life cycles and approaches, and reviews how they are applicable for bankers now and in their planning for the 1990s.
Leadership Training on the Bergen Fjord
Authors: Polley Richard Brian , Eid Jarle
Published: March 2007

After working together in teams for a year, 24 Norwegian naval cadets participated in a 4-day exercise. Interpersonal ratings were collected before and after. Performance data were collected in the field. The ratings predicted leader and group effectiveness, and the exercise was shown to have substantial effects on team and leadership development.
The Current Practice of Organization Development within the Firm
Authors: McMahan Gary C. , Woodman Richard W.
Published: March 2007

The 500 largest industrial firms in the United States were surveyed with regard to their internal organization development (OD) activities. Usable data were obtained from 110 of these organizations, including 61 of the largest 200 firms. Survey results are presented and implications of these results are discussed.
A Comparison of Student and Human Resource Professional Attitudes toward Work and Family Issues
Authors: Covin Teresa J. , Brush Christina C.
Published: March 2007

This article presents the results of a study designed to investigate and compare the perceptions of students and human resource professionals regarding specific work-family interface issues. The sample for the study is composed of 229 human resource professionals and 240 undergraduate and graduate business students. Results indicate significant differences between these groups, as well as gender differences in perceptions of such issues as employer and government support for child care, parental responsibility, work commitment, and the impact of children on achievement orientation.
Perceived Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Access to Developmental Experiences
Authors: Cianni Mary , Romberger Beverly
Published: March 2007

Research on relationships with supervisors has addressed gender and racial differences. However, few studies included minority groups other than Blacks. The present study used multivariate analysis of covariance to investigate the differential effects of race/ethnicity and gender among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian employees on perceptions of access to developmental activities initiated by immediate supervisors, controlling for organizational tenure. Results indicated that gender and race/ethnicity may influence access to specific development opportunities provided by supervisors. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The Motivation to Mentor among Managerial Employees
Authors: Aryee Samuel , Chay Yue Wah , Chew Juniper
Published: March 2007

The authors examined the influence of individual and situational characteristics on the motivation to mentor. Respondents were managerial employees (N = 167) in the maintenance career stage employed in public and private sectors in Singapore. The model accounted for 41% (RJ2) of the explained variance in the motivation to mentor with the additive or main effects contributing 37% (AR 2) and the interaction terms contributing a modest 4% (AR 2). The significant findings indicate that the motivation to mentor may be predicted by individual characteristics (altruism, positive affectivity), situational characteristics (employee development-linked reward system and opportunities for interaction on the job), and their interaction terms (opportunities for interaction on the job and altruism). Limitations of the study, implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.
An Architecture for Learning "Potential Field" Cognitive Maps with an Application to Mobile Robotics
Authors: Pipe Anthony G.
Published: March 2007

The learning architecture described in this article autonomously acquires a topographical (metric) map that encodes a measure of "value" for xy-Cartesian locations in an environment. There are two reasons for the creation of low value areas. Direct negative reinforcement from the environment will result from the robot discovering obstacles or having other "unpleasant" experiences.- The other source of negative reinforcement is internally generated by the learning algorithm, as it identifies regions that are a long distance away from the "pleasant" places in the environment. Conversely example "pleasant" places, where positive environmental reward is received, might be energy-charging sites or simply locations that the robot should visit in executing its daily tasks. In general what the robot learns is a map of "motivational" tendencies, or "expectancies". In such a map, the value attached to a place comes to reflect a balance between the good and bad rewards attainable from that position. When the Temporal Difference learning part of the architecture is turned on, that measure of value comes to include an estimate of how far, in travel time, it is to positive reinforcement. The architecture is loosely based on an Adaptive Heuristic Critic structure. Exploration of a continuous-valued search space is conducted by an Evolution Strategy, tuned for fast and approximate optimization. Knowledge acquired autonomously from this exploration is stored in a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. Inherent features of this neural network type lead to the creation of a "potential field" structure that exerts appetitive and aversive "forces"on the robot as it moves around in the environment. The results of simulation experiments are presented, with a view to illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of the architecture. The map building architecture proposed here is intended to form part of an overall navigational system. In future work it will be integrated with a self-localization algorithm, landmark-based topological mapping, and a reactive system for dealing with local dynamics in the environment.
Parental Guidance Suggested: How Parental Imprinting Evolves Through Sexual Selection as an Adaptive Learning Mechanism
Authors: Todd Peter M. , Miller Geoffrey F.
Published: March 2007

The study of adaptive behavior, including learning, usually centers on the effects of natural selection for individual survival. But because reproduction is evolutionarily more important than survival, sexual selection through mate choice (Darwin, 1871) can also have profound consequences on the evolution of creatures' bodies and behaviors. This article shows, through simulation models, how one type of learning-parental imprinting—can evolve purely through sexual selection, to help in selecting appropriate mates and in tracking changes in the phenotypic makeup of the population across generations. At moderate mutation rates, when population tracking becomes an important but still soluble problem, imprinting proves more useful and evolves more quickly than at low or high mutation rates. We also show that parental imprinting can facilitate the formation of new species. In reviewing the biological literature on imprinting, we note that these results confirm some previous speculations by other researchers concerning the adaptive functions and evolutionary consequences of imprinting. Finally, we discuss how sexual selection through mate choice may have great scientific implications for our understanding of the interactions among evolution, learning, and behavior, and potentially important engineering applications for increasing the efficiency of evolutionary search and optimization methods.
A Real-Time Neuronal Model of Classical Conditioning
Authors: Mignault Alain , Marley Anthony A. J.
Published: March 2007

A new neuronal model of classical conditioning is proposed. The model, called the delay-producing connections (or DPC) model, is an extension of Klopf's (1988) drive-reinforcement model and Sutton and Barto's (1981) model. The DPC model makes two contributions: lt represents the trace of each conditioned stimulus (CS) by a differential equation; and it replaces each CS in the activation rule by its CS trace, which is assumed to be equal to the CS eligibility. The DPC model reproduces the usual shape of a conditioned response, the curve of efficacy of conditioning as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI), the dependence of the optimal ISI on CS duration, the extinction of a conditioned response [even for long-lasting CSs as opposed to Klopf's (1988) model], and several other properties of classical conditioning.
The Dynamics of Recurrent Behavior Networks
Authors: Goetz Philip , Walters Deborah
Published: March 2007

If behavior networks, which use spreading activation to select actions, are analogous to connectionist methods of pattern recognition, then we suggest that recurrent behavior networks, which use energy minimization, are analogous to Hopfield networks. Hopfield networks memorize patterns by making them attractors. We argue that, similarly, each behavior of a recurrent behavior network should be an attractor of the network, to inhibit fruitless, repeated switching between different behaviors in response to small changes in the environment and in motivations. We demonstrate that the performance in a test domain of the Do the Right Thing recurrent behavior network is improved by redesigning it to create desirable attractors and basins of attraction. We further show that this performance increase is correlated with an increase in persistence and a decrease in undesirable behavior switching.
From Egocentric to Allocentric Spatial Behavior: A Computational Model of Spatial Development
Authors: Hiraki Kazuo , Sashima Akio , Phillips Steven
Published: March 2007

Psychological experiments on children's development of spatial knowledge suggest that experience at self-locomotion and visual tracking are important factors. Yet, the mechanism underlying development is unknown. We propose a robot that learns to track a target object mentally (i.e., maintaining a representation of an object's position when outside the field of view) as a model for spatial development. Mental tracking is considered as prediction of an object's position, given the previous environmental state and motor commands and the current environment state resulting from movement. Following Jordan and Rumelhart's (1992) forward modeling architecture, the system consists of two components: an inverse model of sensory input to desired motor commands and a forward model of motor commands to desired sensory input (goals). The robot was tested on the "three cups"paradigm (in which children are required, under various movement conditions, to select the cup containing the hidden object). Consistent with child development, in the absence of the capacity for self-locomotion, the robot makes errors that are self-center-based. When given the ability for self-locomotion, the robot responds allocentrically.
Expert Judgement in Cost Estimating: Modelling the Reasoning Process
Authors: Rush Christopher , Roy Rajkumar
Published: March 2007

Expert Judgement (EJ) is used extensively during the generation of cost estimates. Cost estimators have to make numerous assumptions and judgements about what they think a new product will cost. However, the use of EJ is often frowned upon, not well accepted or understood by non-cost estimators within a concurrent engineering environment. Computerised cost models, in many ways, have reduced the need for EJ but by no means have they, or can they, replace it. The cost estimates produced from both algorithmic and non-algorithmic cost models can be widely inaccurate; and, as the work of this paper highlights, require extensive use of judgement in order to produce a meaningful result. Very little research tackles the issues of capturing and integrating EJ and rationale into the cost estimating process.

Therefore, this paper presents a case with respect to the wide use of EJ within cost estimating. EJ is examined in terms of what thought processes are used when a judgement is made. This paper highlights that most judgements are based on the results of referring to historical costs data, and then adjusting up or down accordingly in order to predict the cost of a new project. This is often referred to as analogy. The reasoning processes of EJ are identified and an inference structure has been developed, which represents an abstraction of the reasoning steps used by an expert as they generate an estimate. This model has been validated through both literature and interviews with cost estimating experts across various industry sectors. Furthermore, the key inferences of the experts are identified. These inferences are considered as those where many of the assumptions and expert judgements are made. The thesis of this paper is that through modelling the reasoning processes of EJ, it becomes possible to capture, structure, and integrate EJ and rationale into the cost estimating process as estimates are being generated. Consequently, the rationale capture will both improve the understanding of estimates throughout a product life cycle, and improve management decisions based upon these cost estimates.
Evaluation Methodology for Post-manufacturing Issues in Life-cycle Design
Authors: Ishii K. , Eubanks C.F. , Marks M.
Published: March 2007

This paper addresses post-manufacturing issues in life-cycle engineenng design. Whereas design for manufacture has drawn significant industry interest, issues such a serviceability and recyclability have not attracted as much attention This paper describes a systematic methodology to enhance the serviceability and recyclability of products in its early stages of development The challenge in serviceability and recycling is to deal with the uncertainty in service needs and incorporate a recycling strategy that is acceptable when the product life is over. The core idea is to analyze the estimated life-cycle costs of the product, to relate the cost drivers to the attributes of the candidate designs, and to provide suggestions for improvement The paper proposes a representation scheme that the designer can use to describe layout designs. Service mode analysis (SMA) takes the information contained in this representation and analyzes the life-cycle service cost. Ongoing research adapts this method to recyclability Further, design compatibility analysis (DCA) matches cost analysis with general design guidelines and suggests improvements. The paper uses specific examples to illustrate these techniques.
A Systematic Approach to Conceptual Design
Authors: Sturges Robert H. , O'Shaughnessy Kathleen , Reed Robert G.
Published: March 2007

The issue in conceptual design theory is to understand the processes which lead to innovation and to create tools which generate step changes in function in an orderly and repetitious manner. Detailed synthesis methods which generally follow the conceptual phase of the design process require input specifications. An extension of function logic is proposed as a means to promote innovation systematically, manage conceptual design information, and produce such specifications. A three-tiered model for conceptual design is presented comprising function structure, allocation, and components. Applications of the model are given to include design intent, information flow, functional vanants, and system behavior. Detailed examples are given with references to current methods.
A Survey of Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Lawson M. , Karandikar H.M.
Published: March 2007

The use of concurrent engineering (CE) as the de facto methodology for product development has become a reality. However, CE program implementors and CE practitioners have reported widely varying results. The results of a survey of industrial organizations implementing or considering implementation of CE are presented in this article. The difficulties in quantifying the benefits of CE are highlighted. Some surprising observations concerning the expectations of CE programs and actual implementation strategies are presented and explained.
Concurrent Optimization of Product Design and Manufacturing Based on Information of Users' Needs
Authors: Yoshimura Masataka , Takeuchi Atsushi
Published: March 2007

A user-oriented product design methodology for integrating design, manufacturing, and marketing is proposed, and the practical design optimization procedures are constructed and presented. First, market demand analyses are conducted by dividing users into groups based on information analysis of users. The product satisfaction level of each group is formulated using the users' satisfaction levels for product attributes. Next, in order to obtain optimum design solutions effectively in the integrated decision-making processes of design, manufacturing, and marketing (which include an enormous number of decision variables), multiphase procedures of design optimization are constructed according to simplicity levels of shape modelings having evaluable structural characteristics and manufacturing costs. Then, practical design decision-making procedures from the extraction of design alternatives through the determination of detailed decision variables are described corresponding to multiphase modeling starting with simplified models and advancing to detailed models. Here, the objective function of decision making is to maximize the satisfaction level of the product user. Finally, the proposed integrated design optimization method is applied to industrial robots for demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.
Coordinating distributed ViewPoints: the Anatomy of a Consistency Check
Authors: Easterbrook Steve , Finkelstein Anthony , Kramer Jeff , Nuseibeh Bashar
Published: March 2007

Support for concurrent engineering must address the "multiple perspectives problem"—many actors, many representation schemes, diverse domain knowledge, and differing development strategies, all in the context of distributed asynchronous development Central to this problem is the issue of managing consistency between the various elements of an emerging design In this paper we argue that striving to maintain complete consistency at all points in the development process is unnecessary, and an approach based on tolerance and management of inconsistency can be adopted instead. We present a scenario which highlights a number of important issues raised by this approach, and we describe how these issues are addressed in our framework of distributed ViewPoints The approach allows an engineering team to develop independent ViewPoints, and to establish relationships between them incrementally The framework provides mechanisms for expressing consistency relationships, checking that individual relationships hold, and resolving inconsistencies if necessary
Integrated Platform for AI Support of Complex Design— Part I: Rapid Development of Schemes from First Principles
Authors: Sharpe J.E.E.
Published: March 2007

Engineering design is a highly integrated and integrating process. This two-part paper describes an integrated computer-based plat form for the development from first principles of design solutions to an appropriately defined need, and the choice and quantification of the best forms of embodiment
CE4: Concurrent Engineering of Product, Process, Facility, and Organization
Authors: Kunz John C. , Luiten Gijsbertus T. , Fischer Martin A. , Yan Jin  , Levitt Raymond E.
Published: March 2007

We argue in this paper that Concurrent Engineering of Product, Process, Facility, and Organization (CE4) is now both possible and beneficial As quality has started to become a commodity, time to market has become the major issue for many kinds of businesses In some industries such as semiconductors in which product and process development have become rapid and competitive, developing the factory and bringing it on-line have started to become bottleneck steps in the product development cycle CE4 extends the tradition of concurrent engineer ing of product and manufacturing process it is now possible to start to design the product, manufacturing process, manufacturing facility, and the managing organization simultaneously Like traditional concurrent design of product and manufacturing process (CE2), CE4 probably de pends primarily on setting the management objective and providing the management support However, CE4 can build on a number of technical foundations symbolic product and process models, support for extensive coordination among design professionals doing product, process, faci lity, and organization design, and analytical tools to allow designers to do what-if studies of their individual land integrated designs Engineers now routinely use some of these analytical tools, such as simulation models of devices, processes, buildings, and facilities We suggest adding organizational analysis tools, integrating all of these tools, and using them concurrently We suggest that benefits of CE4 will include significantly improved time to market and potentially improved product cost and quality
Implementing Concurrent Engineering: Case Studies from Eastern Australia
Authors: Burns T.W. , Szczerbicki E.
Published: March 2007

Concurrent Engineering (CE) addresses the major technological issues of the change from sequential to simultaneous engineering It is a systematic approach that enables cooperative work among all groups that plan, design, produce, maintain and support the product over its life cycle It calls for multidiscipline teamwork and promotes collaboration and application of different skills and knowledge sources
Developing Knowledge Sources to Identify and Evaluate Tradeoffs among Alternate Designs in a Cooperative Engineering Framework
Authors: Garcia Federico , Sriram Ram Duvvuru
Published: March 2007

Current computer aided engineering tools support only a single specialized area of the design cycle and do not allow for com parisons of multiple designs. The DICE project at MIT (1987-1995) sought to address these limitations by developing tools that support a cooperative design cycle involving negotiation by various experts as the design evolves. CONGEN, a system developed under DICE, pro vides a blackboard-like context mechanism for negotiation and a knowledge base of design strategies. We propose a means of extending the knowledge base with a set of design evaluation knowledge sources to assist in comparing alternate designs and identifying the tradeoffs among them.
Understanding Family Business Relationships: Preserving the Family in the Business
Authors: Cole Patricia M.
Published: March 2007

This article provides an example of how the results of one qualitative study can be applied to a clinical case. The first part of the article contains a summary of a funded qualitative study on family business. Family members were asked to discuss how combining business with family affects their work and personal lives. In this summary, a condensed literature review is followed by a brief discussion of the research methodology and the presentation of the results. The research findings offer three categories that emerged from the participants’ responses. Next, the article presents a discussion of implications for practice with a family business case example. In this example, the author illustrates how she applied the three research categories to her clinical work with a business family.
A Family of Origin Workshop: Process and Evaluation
Authors: Rovers Martin , DesRoches Loran , Hunter Philip E. , Taylor Brenda
Published: March 2007

This study examined the effectiveness of family of origin therapy as experienced in a workshop format. The Family of Origin Workshop is a 6-hour session that strives for the goal of increasing personal authority. A description of the workshop is included. Statistically significant results between pretest and posttest scores were obtained for the Intergenerational Individuation and Spousal Individuation scales. Participants reported increased ability to individuate. A schema for the achievement of personal authority is proposed as one possible explanation for the relational pattern that occurs in this maturation process. Participants attribute changes resulting from the Family of Origin Workshop to content-oriented variables.
Family Treatment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Changing Views and Strength-Based Approaches
Authors: Milne Julie M. , Edwards Jeffrey K. , Murchie Jill C.
Published: March 2007

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) affects and is affected by the families, school systems, social services systems, medical systems, lawenforcement, communities, and those individuals exhibiting and classified as having this problem. The treatments of ODD are many and varied, leaving one wondering at the cause and treatment options. The prevalence of ODD is examined in this article, the various models of treatment are reviewed, and an integrated family systems strength-based model is presented. In keeping with suggestions for family systems meta research, the model’s parts have proven track records of producing positive outcomes with ODD children and their families. It is postulated that the effect of placing these parts together will have a synergistic and cumulative effect of treatment, increasing positive outcome with this population.
Examining Family Rituals
Authors: Viere Grace M.
Published: March 2007

In this column, the notion of rituals from a historical perspective is provided. The definitions and classifications of family rituals as well as empirical studies are examined.
Adult Children of Divorce and Intimate Relationships: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Christensen Teresa M. , Brooks Morgan C.
Published: March 2007

Research that focuses on the long-term effects of divorce indicates a lower sense of well-being and overall quality of life as well as relationship problems for those who experience the divorce of their parents as children. Many researchers have shown that parental divorce affects children long after they are grown and involved in intimate relationships of their own. This article provides a review of research specific to the effects of parental divorce on adults in terms of relationship issues. Specific purposes of this review are to (a) explore research specific to intimacy and marital attitudes in adult children of divorce, (b) inform couple and family counselors of the complex and pervasive effects of parental divorce, and (c) relay implications for effective treatment and future research.
Tweaking the Euro-American Perspective: Infusing Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity into the Supervision of Family Therapy
Authors: Banks Angela
Published: March 2007

Psychotherapy theories have their foundation in the Euro-American perspective. The feminist movement and changing demographics require consideration of the impact of cultural diversity in couples and family therapy and the appropriateness of current theories for both therapy and supervision. The purpose of this article is to discuss briefly the Euro-American worldview in theory-based models of supervision. Suggestions for infusing cultural awareness and sensitivity into training and supervision are offered.
The Intimacy Genogram
Authors: Sherman Robert
Published: March 2007

This column provides aforum within which you, the reader, may share with your colleagues some of the creative techniques that you have invented or adapted and find successful in counseling with couples and families. If it works well for you, it may be that others can adapt it to work well for them too.
Interview with Cloe Madanes: Reflections on Family Therapy
Authors: West John D. , Bubenzer Donald L.
Published: March 2007

Cloe Madanes is a leading force in Strategic Family Therapy. This interview focused on her introduction to marriage and family therapy, her perspective on the impact of social policy on the family, as well as her thoughts on clinical practice and training clinicians.
Use of Containment in Supervising Couples Therapy
Authors: Glickauf-Hughes Cheryl , Cummings Sheila
Published: March 2007

An important source of dissonance in couples' conflicts isthe projection of uncomfortablefeelings, resulting from earlydevelopmental deficits, into the partner WMen the partner isunable to contain the projected feelings (i.e. to tolerate, tounderstand, and to transmute them), greater conflictensues, often leading the couple to psychotherapy. In couplestherapy, the therapist is often called to contain the couple'sfeelings. When the therapist is unable to do so because ofcountertransference feelings, the projected feelings are oftenunconsciously introduced through a parallel process intosupervision. When supervisors are able to contain the projections they (a) model containment ofprojectedfeelings and(b) help supervisees understand the meaning of the couple'sprojected feelings.
Work Addiction as a Function of Family of Origin and Its Influence on Current Family Functioning
Authors: Robinson Bryan E. , Post Phyllis
Published: March 2007

This study examined the relationship between work addiction, family-of-0oigin dysfunction, and current family functioning among a national sample of 107 self-identified work-addicted respondents. Results indicate what clinicians have observed for years: that work addiction can interfere with intimate and social relationships and may lead some work-addicted individuals to recreate dysfunctional families in adulthood similar to the ones in which they were reared. Although there was no significant relationship between work addiction and family-of-origin dysfunction, work-addicted respondents who had sought help for their work habits were more likely to have grown up in dysfunctionalfamilies in which intimacy was low and to have more problems with intimate relationships in adulthood, compared with those who had never received help for their work habits.
A Feminist Perspective
Authors: Giblin Paul , Chan Judy
Published: March 2007

Clinical theory, practice, and research continue to be enriched by the new findings and challenges of contempo rary feminists. This research review explores recent contri butions, as well as an older one, to the feminist relational approach. Adolescent girls' and women's psychological development, gender differences in mixed-sex couple rela tionships, and research applications with the relational approach are considered.
Relapse Prevention: Extending Treatment Results in Family Counseling
Authors: Huber Charles H. , Kragh Jeffrey
Published: March 2007

A review of the family counseling literature reveals a paucity of writ ings addressing the issue of direct intervention aimed at maintaining treatment gains and preventing relapse. A recent article (Hiss, Foa, & Kozak, 1994) from the general psychological literature provides a potential relapse prevention modelforfamily counselors to considerfor their work with families.
Constructivist Perspectives in Family Therapy
Authors: Giblin Paul , Chan Judy
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the application of constructivist approaches to a variety of issues and in contexts that include family-therapist relationships in rural settings, couple-therapist perceptions of therapeutic change, 'failed" conversations (therapy) with refugeefamilies, women 's suruival of childhood sexual abuse, family rituals, fairness in marriage, constructions of intimacy, and interpretations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADJID).
Taking an Evolutionary Perspective: The Solution-Oriented Genogram
Authors: Huber Charles H.
Published: March 2007

The genogram is a traditional and widely usedfamily counseling procedure. The relatively recent arrival of a number of evolving therapeutic models has resulted in a need to update the genogram s use. This article reviews a recent contribution to the family counseling literature, highlighting a series of interventions for using the genogram within one of these evolutionary therapeutic models, the Solution-Oriented Family Counseling.
Updating Behavior Therapy with Couples
Authors: Stuart Richard B.
Published: March 2007

In the 20 years since Helping Couples Change (Stuart, 1980) was written, a great deal of research and clinical practice has shed new light on therapy for couples. Although it would be useful to review this vast, evolving literature, space does not permit doing so here. Instead, using an approach terned principled pragmatism, this article will summarize some of the ways in which this new knowledge can be used to reshape intervention strategy and tactics. It will identify principles that have stood the test of time and suggest ways in which those that did notfare as well can be updated. Finally, a briefprotocol will be presented as one model of behaviorally oriented couples' therapy.
The Couple's Relationship Satisfaction Inventory (CR51): 21 Points to Help Enhance and Build a Winning Relationship
Authors: Eckstein Daniel , Cohen Linda
Published: March 2007

The Couple's Relationship Satisfaction Inventory consists of 21 specificfactors that have beenfound to be associated with successful relationships. The authors have categorized the following 3 components as critical areas of importance: communication, empathy, and a combined category consisting of trust and negotiation.
Infusing Adlerian Theory into an Introductory Marriage and Family Course
Authors: LaFountain Rebecca M. , Mustaine Beverly L.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the authors examine the important contributions that Adlerian theory, also known as Individual Psychology, makes to the field of marriage andfamily counseling. Through the use ofopenforum family counseling, they provide a framework that shows ways Adlerian theory can be infused into an introductory marriage and family course, as well as introduced tofamily practitioners unfamiliar with the concepts. The authors address the pioneering role that Adler played in systems approach and discuss Adlerianfamily counseling regarding key concepts, assessment techniques, goals and treatment interventions. In addition, the authors share strategies to help individuals gain an understanding of their own family of origin from an Adlerian perspective and encourage them to practice their skills through role-plays and by co-counseling client families.
Therapeutic Approaches with Immigrant Families
Authors: Rotter Joseph C. , Hawley Lisa D.
Published: March 2007

The section on immigrantfamiliesfocuses on the issues concerning their therapeutic concerns as they make the transition from their homeland to the United States. Selected research and strategies are presented to assist the therapist to begin to review the literature and provide practical interventions to work with immigrant families.
Alzheimer’s Disease and the Family: Current Research
Authors: Brown Tricia , Kleist David M.
Published: March 2007

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continues to increase. With greater numbers of individuals living longer, the chances of developing or knowing a family member who will develop AD is also greater. Thus, the importance for family counselors to be cognizant of the issues related to counseling a family with a member who has AD is paramount. This article reviews current research on family caregivers’ needs and experiences with AD.
Counseling a Client Whose Family Member is Planning a Suicide
Authors: Crawford Robert
Published: March 2007

Planned suicide is a topic that receives much attention in both the popular press and the scholarly literature, and it is not unlikely that family counselors will have clients who ask for assistance as they deal with this topic. In this article, the author provides a case scenario followed by a discussion of pertinent legal and ethical issues.
Constructing a Quality Career Assessment Site
Authors: Prince Jeffrey P. , Chartrand Judy M. , Silver Diane G.
Published: March 2007

This article details the steps in planning and delivering a quality, Internet-based career assessment system. Using Careerhub.org as a model, the authors describe the challenges and ethical issues involved in designing a site, developing content, and selecting instruments. Preliminary data on the psychometric qualities of the instruments are presented, along with the results of a pilot study evaluating the site's components.
Cross-National Evidence for Compatibility of Psychological Type in Polish and American Samples
Authors: Tobacyk Jerome , Cyrson Edward , Tobacyk Zofia
Published: March 2007

We tested whether persons with similar Psychological Types are found in the same occupation and academic majors in Poland and in the United States. A measure of Psychological Type was completed by three Polish samples: 71 managers; 107 marketing and management (M&M) students; and 75 English Language (EL) students. As hypothesized, the Psychological Type distributions of the Polish managers and the Polish M&M students demonstrated convergent validity with one another—and with type distributions of American managers and business students—with all four groups showing preferences for Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging. Also as hypothesized, discriminant validity for Psychological Type was demonstrated when Polish students of EL showed a nearly opposite type distribution (Introversion, Intuition, and Perceiving) from those the Polish managers and M&M students. Further, the type distribution of the Polish students of EL demonstrated convergent validity with a type distribution of American liberal arts students. Because Psychological Type is similarly compatible with occupation (i.e., manager) and with academic major (i.e., business, liberal arts) in Poland and in the United States, it is concluded that Psychological Type Theory shows promise as a cross-culturally universal theory of individual differences in explaining relationships between personality and academic major/occupational choice.
Appraising Birth Order in Career Assessment: Linkages to Holland's and Super's Models
Authors: Leong Frederick T. L. , Hartung Paul J. , Goh David , Gaylor Michael
Published: March 2007

Adlerian vocational theory proposes that birth order, or psychological position in the family of origin, significantly influences vocational behavior. If so, appraising birth order position may be useful in a career assessment context to enrich an understanding of an individual's occupational interests, values, and vocational personality style. Two exploratory studies examined this potentiality. In Study 1, analysis of variance results indicated significant differences in vocational personality type, occupational interests, and values among three birth-order groups derived from a medical student sample (N = 159). Significant differences in occupational interests among birth-order groups also emerged in Study 2 which used a college student sample (N = 119). Combined, results of the present research lend support to the Adlerian theoretical assertion that birth order determines vocational personality, occupational interest, and values patterns. Birth order represents a salient and viable variable to consider in career assessment and counseling contexts as well as to examine in future research.
Increasing Counselor Confidence in Applying a Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments: An Evaluation
Authors: Jones Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2007

This article examines correlates of counselor confidence in their competency in using Holland's (1985a) theory, and evaluates a 1-day workshop to improve counselors' knowledge of the theory and its applications. As expected, the workshop increased counselors' confidence. Both prior experience with applying the theory and familiarity with professional manuals predicted confidence in using the theory to help clients, but many regular SDS users reported not having previously examined a test manual. More knowledge of the effects of exposure to test manuals, workshops, and personal experience on counselor's assessments of their competency in using career intervention tools is now important.
The Career Development Inventory in Review: Psychometric and Research Findings
Authors: Savickas Mark L. , Hartung Paul J.
Published: March 2007

First published over 15 years ago, the Career Development Inventory (CDI; Super, Thompson, Lindeman, Jordaan, & Myers, 1979) measures readiness for making educational and vocational choices and operationally defines Super's structural model of adolescent career maturity. The present article systematically analyzes the body of literature that has evaluated and explicated the psychometric characteristics and uses of the CDI. This review examines empirical findings pertinent to the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the CDI; evaluates the instrument's present status; and identifies topics for future research.
Career Assessment and the Salience Inventory
Authors: Nevill Dorothy D. , Calvert Patricia D.
Published: March 2007

The development and use of the Salience Inventory (SI; Super & Nevill, 1985a), an assessment of the relative importance of five life roles, is summarized. This article begins with an overview of Donald E. Super's career development theory, followed by a brief description of the goals of the work Importance Study (WIS) and its development of the SI. A review of research using the SI follows, with emphasis on the utility of the SI in incorporating gender role and multicultural issues into an understanding of career development across the life span. Finally, use of the SI within a comprehensive career counseling model is discussed.
Use of the COPES, A Measure of Work Values, in Career Assessment
Authors: Knapp-Lee Lisa J.
Published: March 2007

The Career Orientation Placement and Evaluation Survey (COPES; L. Knapp, Knapp-Lee, & R. R. Knapp, 1995), a measure of work values, was developed for use as part of the COPSystem to comprehensively assess interests, abilities, and values to facilitate career exploration. The development of the COPES and the structure of the work values it measures are presented. The 1995 revision of the COPES and its validity data are discussed in the context of career assessment and counseling; future directions for research are proposed.
Self-Efficacy as a Determinant of Career Maturity in Urban and Rural High School Seniors
Authors: Anderson Shawn , Brown Chris
Published: March 2007

The relationship between career decision-making self-efficacy and career maturity among 94 urban and rural high school seniors (51 urban, 43 rural) was investigated. Career maturity differences between urban and rural seniors were also explored. The findings suggested that the career development attitude variable was the most significant predictor of career decision-making self-efficacy for both rural and urban groups. Findings also indicated that rural seniors scored significantly higher on career development knowledge as compared to their urban peers.
The Design and Use of a Measure of Dysfunctional Career Thoughts Among Adults, College Students, and High School Students: The Career Thoughts Inventory
Authors: Sampson James P. , Peterson Gary W. , Lenz Janet G. , Reardon Robert C. , Saunders Denise E.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the impact of dysfunctional career thinking on career choice, the use of cognitive restructuring to identify, challenge, and alter dysfunctional cognition, and the limitations of existing readiness screening and cognitive restructuring procedures. The recently developed Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) can be used by practitioners to assist adults, college students, and high school students to identify, challenge, and alter dysfunctional career thoughts, and then subsequently take action to make career choices. The cognitive information processing and cognitive therapy theoretical bases of the instrument are described, followed by a discussion of the development of the CTI and the CTI Workbook. Data are then presented on the readability, standardization, reliability (internal consistency and stability), and validity (content, construct, convergent, and criterion) of the measure. The use of the CTI is then described in terms of screening, needs assessment, and learning. Issues related to terminology, diversity, and utility are also discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of preliminary experience in using the CTI in practice.
Career and Vocational Assessment 1995-1996: A Biennial Review
Authors: Oliver Laurel W. , Lent Ellen B. , Zack Jason S.
Published: March 2007

This selective review of career assessment literature covers the period 1995 to 1996. The authors emphasize published research related to vocational theories and instruments, particularly research concerning career counseling and individual career development, and identify trends and new advances in career assessment. They conclude that Holland's vocational typology continues to be prominent, that the structure of interests is an unresolved issue, that more research has been conducted in previously neglected areas, that the development of new measures and improvement of old ones continues at a rapid pace, that type of methodology affects results, and that other literatures contain possibilities for career assessment. The authors also suggest implications for policy and research.
Holland Code Type and Psychological Reactance
Authors: Buboltz Walter C. , Woller Kevin M. P. , Pepper Harry
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the relationship between the construct of psychological reactance and personality type. Recent studies have suggested that psychological reactance may well be an important client variable mediating the process and outcome of therapy. Psychological reactance was measured by both the Therapeutic Reactance Scale (TRS) and the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Psychological Reactance (QMPR). Personality type was measured by the Self-Directed Search. A total of 186 participants, including 80 males and 106 females, were administered the instruments. Regression analysis showed that three of the six Holland Code types significantly predicted psychological reactance for both the TRS and QMPR. These results add to the description of the psychological reactant individual and could allow therapists to devise treatment strategies, general therapeutic approaches, and treatment interventions that best meet the needs of the client.