bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undervisningsprocessens betydelse för flickors och pojkars lärande
Authors: Ahlberg Ann
Published: November 2024

Artikelns syfte är att belysa hur undervisningens innehåll och utformning kan påverka flickors och pojkars lärande. Under en termin arbetade tre klasser i årskurs 3 i den svenska grundskolan med olika typer av textproblem, där det matematiska innehållet presenterades på olika sätt. Vidproblemlösningen skulle eleverna använda olika uttrycksmedel – förutom att räkna skulle de rita, tala och skriva. Eleverna skulle ta del av varandras lösningar, samtala och diskutera innehållet. För- och eftertest gavs i de deltagande klasserna och i tre jämförelseklasser. Testresultaten visade att eleverna i de deltagande klasserna i större utsträckning än eleverna i jämförelseklasserna klarade att lösa uppgifterna på eftertestet. När eleverna i de deltagande klasserna indelades i grupper av låg-, medel- och högpresterande framkom att samtliga grupper gynnades av undervisningen. Det vi- sade sig att den grupp som drog mest fördelar av arbetssättet var de lågpresterande eleverna, och då framför allt flickorna.
Recent research and a critique of theories of early geometry learning: the case of the angle concept
Authors: Owens Kay
Published: November 2024

The van Hieles' theory on levels of development has been supported by many studies, particularly in geometry. An important consequence of the van Hiele work has been the realisation that informal experiences assist students to take the necessary first-step of recognising, for example, shapes. Despite this important influence, some authors have cautioned that visual reasoning can be independent of the levels because there are some difficulties in trying to allot students to levels.
In order to illustrate developments in our understanding of students' geometry learning and the role of visual processing, studies on the difficulties students have with angle concepts are discussed. Based on a large qualitative study, the ability to notice and analyse angles is explained in terms of aspects of problem solving or investigation. Case studies illustrate how the complex conceptualisations about angles were developing concurrently, rather than in fixed levels, as a result of visual (mental) imagery, selective attention, manipulation of materials, and discussion.
Responsiveness, a compound variable resulting from a complex of cognitive processing unique to the individual emerged as important. Responsiveness suggests an empathy or understanding of the problem resulting from cognitive processing, in particular selective attention. Responsiveness affects interactions with materials and with people who, in turn, influence thinking and the continuing cycle of problem solving and understanding of the angle concept
ERME: The European Societyfor Research in Mathematics Education
Authors: Jaworski Barbara
Published: November 2024

A New Society in Mathematics Education Research
Trivsel i åpne landskap – En vitenskapsteoretisk diskusjon omkring matematikkdidaktikkens forankring
Authors: Alseth Bjørnar , Kobberstad Truls
Published: November 2024

I artikkelen gis en beskrivelse av forskjellige typer forskning som kan kalles matematikkdidaktisk. Forskningen blir kategorisert etter Habermas' tre virksomhetsområder for vitenskapelig arbeid: empirisk-analytisk, historisk-hermeneutisk og kritisk vitenskap, og også slik disse områdene er forsøkt tilpasset matematikkdidaktisk forskning av Bishop. En beskrivelse av utvalgt forskning innen matematikkdidaktikk de siste 30 årene kan tyde på at fagfeltet har beveget seg fra å ha tyngdepunkt i empirisk-analytisk og kritisk/skolastisk-filosofisk forskning til nå å være jevnere spredt utover alle tre områdene. Hensikten med å påvise en slik utvikling er at dette bør få konsekvenser for hvordan forskning i matematikkdidaktikk bør utføres og vurderes.
Developments and challenges
Authors: Brekke Gard , Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Strategic competence: issues of task-specific strategies in arithmetic
Authors: Ostad Snorre A.
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on the term strategy and on strategy use in elementary arithmetic. The central theoretical viewpoint in the article includes strategy variability as a fundamental characteristic of mathematical cognition. The theoretical and research base for the acqusition and development of strategic competence is reviewed, and the characteristics of children are discussed from a developmental perspective. Across all areas, the primary focus of this review is to provide a framework for studying the differences, if any, between mathematically normal and mathematically disabled children with regard to the pattern of development that unfolds as the children move up through primary school.
NOMAD – A Nordic and an international journal
Authors: Brekke Gard , Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Organisasjoner for fagdidaktisk forskning
Authors: Brekke Gard , Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Tertiary mathematics students: Why are they here?
Authors: Forgasz Helen J. , Leder Gilah C.
Published: November 2024

This paper is concerned with factors influencing students' decisions to attend university, to study mathematics at university and at school, and their levels of enjoyment of mathematicsin thesesettings.The sample comprised just under 1900 students from five universities. All were enrolled in mathematics subjects. Generally, fewer students liked mathematics at university than at school. Many chose mathematics to keep their options open or because mathematics was a pre-requisite for further study, rather than because of family advice or university publicity. Comparisons were also made between the responses of younger and mature age students, and between females and males.
Lærerstudenters matematiske tenkning og utvikling i e n sosial kontekst – Problemløsning i smågrupper
Authors: Bjuland Raymond
Published: November 2024

Artikkelen er skrevet på bakgrunn av hovedoppgaven 'Problemløsningsprosesser i geometri. Lærerstudenters samarbeid i smågrupper: En dialogisk tilnærming' (Bjuland, 1997). Målet er å identifisere hvordan studenters matematiske forståelse utvikler seg i en sosial sammenheng og ved bruk av matematisk språk i smågruppedialog. Artikkelen introduserer det teoretiske bakgrunnsmaterialet som består av fem hovedområder: problemløsning, læring gjennom samarbeid (L G. S.), affektive sider, klasseromsforskning og sosial og kulturelle sider. En etnografisk tilnærming har vært den grunnleggende metoden for innsamlingen av det empiriske materialet, mens det er brukt en 'dialogisk tilnærming' for å tolke og analysere gruppesamtalen. Artikkelen fokuserer på fire episoder fra gruppesamtalen som gir et inntrykk av studentenes matematiske tenkning og utvikling, studentenes sosiale ferdigheter, et av studentenes matematiske gjennombrudd i løsningsprosessen og studentenes evne til å reflektere over gruppesamarbeidet. Resultatene fra analysen av gruppediskusjonen viser at studentene har utviklet sin forståelse i matematikk og sine sosiale ferdigheter. Det er et sterkt samspill mellom faglige og sosiale ferdigheter formidlet gjennom språket.
Review – a multidimensional approach to learning in mathematics and sciences
Authors: Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Gagatsis, A. (Ed.) (1999). A Multidimensional Approach to learning in Mathematics and Sciences. Cypros: Intercollege Press. ISBN: 960-312-063-4
Vurdering og rekruttering
Authors: Brekke Gard , Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
A comparative study on students' beliefs concerning their autonomy in doing mathematics
Authors: Furinghetti Fulvia , Pehkonen Erkki
Published: November 2024

This paper treats an investigation on beliefs about autonomy held by 260 Finnish and 246 Italian seventh-grade students. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire consisting of 32 closed questions dealing with different aspects of mathematics teaching and learning, and three open questions on students' good and bad experiences in mathematics instruction and their wishes for good instruction. We have confined ourselves to the eight questions of the questionnaire identified as pertaining to the students' beliefs about autonomy in doing mathematics.
The data was collected through the questionnaire allowed to outline the patterns of beliefs in each country and compare patterns with each other. We have identified a core of common patterns in the two countries which are mainly related to the issue of classroom interaction and to the students' need of their teacher's help. The biggest differences between the two countries were found in the items concerning the use of trial-and-error strategies and the possibility that the students solve mathematical problems on their own.
Farlige små tal - almendannelse i et risikosamfund
Authors: Alrø Helle , Blomhøj Morten , Bødtkjer Henning , Skovsmose Ole , Skånstrøm Mikael
Published: November 2024

"Når jeg går ombord i et fly, stiger risikoen så for at det falder ned, hvis jeg rejser sammen med nogle, der flyver meget tit?", spørger Mia. Underforstået at rejser man meget, er der større risiko for at falde ned. Og så må det vel dreje sig om at undgå at flyve sammen med sådanne "ulykkesfugle".
Risikosamfundet bruges af nogle sociologer til at karakterisere samfundsudviklingen i vores højteknologiske samfund. Tesen er, at højteknologisk produktion og samfundsorganisering uundgåeligt skaber risikofænomener, som bl.a. udgør en risiko for demokratiet.
Med dette udgangspunkt stiller vi i denne artikel spørgsmålet: Hvordan kan matematikundervisning bidrage til almendannelse i risikosamfundet? Spørgsmålet har vi undersøgt i et samarbejde mellem to matematiklærere og tre forskere inden for matematikkens didaktik. Den anvendte metode kan karakteriseres som samspil mellem forskning og udvikling af praksis. Med iscenesættelse som didaktisk redskab har vi udviklet forløb, hvor eleverne kan arbejde med risikofænomener og med begreber som risikovurdering, troværdighed og ansvarlighed. Forløbene er gennemført, observeret og analyseret med henblik på at give mening til relationen mellem matematikundervisning og almendannelse i et risikosamfund.
I denne artikel refererer vi til en 9. klasse, der arbejder med meget små sandsynligheder, udtager stikprøver og beregner og vurderer risikoen for salmonella i æg.
ICME 10 and NOMAD
Authors: Brandell Gerd
Published: November 2024

Ledare/Editorial – Nordic Contact Committe
Recent developments in Finnish mathematics education
Authors: Kupari Pekka
Published: November 2024

The article addresses some development trends that have taken place in mathematics education of the Finnish comprehensive school over the past 15 years. A particular reason for such analysis arises from the international large-scale assessments on science and mathematics conducted at the turn of the millennium, which showed that Finnish student performance in mathematics is of a high international standard. Good achievement is attributable to a whole network of interrelated factors. The comprehensive school system seems to be successful in providing the majority of its students with a solid foundation for further schooling and for transition to working life. Long-term curricular measures and extensive development schemes have served as important framing factors. Also the high standard of teacher preparation and mathematics teachers’ professional skills is a factor that probably contributes to student performance. At the level of students, self-confidence in learning mathematics seems to be closely related to the level of performance. As regards remedies to shortcomings and problems, recognition of national strengths creates a positive atmosphere for improvement.
Understanding constituted by understandings
Authors: Johnsen Høines Marit
Published: November 2024

While focusing on the function of language as a fundamental tool in the learning process, this article relates to a text-theoretical approach connected to frameworks developed by M.M. Bakhtin (1981, 1998) and J. Lotman (1988), in particular to their shared view of language as gaining meaning in relation to other languages.
Learning is seen as developing text; it is seen as relational – as individual, social and genre-related. The empirical basis for this article emerges from a learning situation in which student teachers are searching for insight into concepts within the theory of functions. The article comprises different texts: the theoretical framework, the empirical text, and a child’s beadwork.
Semiotics as an analytic tool for the didactics of mathematics
Authors: Winsløw Carl
Published: November 2024

This paper is a theoretical analysis of (what the author perceives to be) one of the most exciting and promising directions in research on the didactics of mathematics: studying the learning of mathematics as the initiation to, and internalisation of, certain semiotic systems. Three principal ways in which this point of view can contribute crucially to didactical research are presented and exemplified; they concern the cognitive, social and cultural aspects of mathematics education. Finally, as a topic transcending the three aspects, we consider the use of digital semiotic appliances in mathematics teaching; some results from research in this new area are outlined.
Reality in mathematics assessment – an analysis of task-reality concordance in Finnish and Swedish national assessments
Authors: Palm Torulf , Burman Lars
Published: November 2024

There are a number of possible purposes that can be served by the inclusion of applied tasks in school mathematics. However, the attainment of several of these purposes is likely to be dependent on the applied tasks closely emulating real life task situations. The study reported in this paper is an analysis of this relation between school tasks and problems encountered in real life beyond school that require the application of mathematics for their solutions. The analysis was made on national assessments in Finland and Sweden. The assessment tasks were analyzed in relation to a number of aspects of real life task situations that are a part of a framework for considerations of the quality of real life simulations in school mathematics. There were a substantial proportion of applied tasks in the assessments. The results of the analysis display a large difference between the aspects, in the proportion of tasks that simulate them with reasonable fidelity. There was also a marked difference between the assessments for the different courses in the two countries, in the proportions of tasks simulating the aspects well.
Open ended problem solving in geometry revisited
Authors: Borgersen Hans Erik
Published: November 2024

This article is a successor to Borgersen’s (1994) study of a project on cooperative problem solving in small groups, organized as part of a geometry course at the college level. It focuses on the effects of a gradual change of the project. This report studies the transition of the project from 1994 to 1996 (Borgersen 1995, 1997, 1999) as the course changed from being a medium size course for about thirty students from the same study program to become a large course for nearly one hundred students from three different study programs.
The use of symbolic algebra in learning mathematics: the barrier from formal examination schemes
Authors: Berry John , Fentem Roger , Partanen Anna-Maija , Tiihala Sirkka
Published: November 2024

Using technology in the teaching and learning of mathematics requires, among other things, positive attitudes from students and teachers. In this study, two teachers helped design and then taught two courses of mathematics to four groups of upper secondary school students. Two of the student groups had full access to graphic calculators with symbolic algebra systems and the other two groups had full access to graphing calculators without symbolic algebra software. In this paper we report on the student attitudes and beliefs about using technology in their course within a curriculum that restricts its use in a ’final matriculation examination’. The outcomes suggest that integrated technology teaching impacts in a complex fashion on student attitude. The results of this study suggest that the nature of the assessment system which forms part of the curriculum influences the attitude towards rich usage of the technology.
New courses in mathematics education for doctoral students
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: November 2024

Graduate course for doctoral students in didactics of mathematics at Copenhagen university
Analysis of the assessment of sexualised communication on Instagram
Authors: Mas José Manuel , Fernández Lores Susana , Carrero Oliver , García Monleón Fernándo
Published: November 2024

Objective:
In a context where beauty plays a fundamental role as a generator of empathy and trust, sexualized communication floods social networks as a method of attracting attention. Does this type of communication generate attention and trust, and is it influenced by gender and type of sender? 
Methodology:
This study analyses sexualised communication on Instagram, based on a selection of two influencers (male and female) and two peers (male and female), and on a sample of 40 young people (aged between 18 and 25), and attempts to provide answers on the differences in evaluation, in terms of credibility, trust, recommendation capacity, attention or memorization.
The study is approached from a dual methodological perspective; through neuroscience techniques; encephalogram (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR), as well as through surveys to measure the declarative and rational parts.
Results:
The results suggest that when the receiver is female and the sender is a female peer, the values of attention, valence, trust, and recommendation are the lowest, and therefore the use of this type of communication is not recommended.
However, the study suggests that when the receiver is male, the analyzed values improve (attention and memorization), even being higher in aspects of credibility when the sender is a female peer.
Limitations: 
The limitations are centered on the methodology, which is carried out on a small sample and a small selection of stimuli, which is usual in this type of study.
Practical implications:
The study offers clear practical implications for content creators on social media.
Evaluating the paleoecology of the Megaraptora (Dinosauria: Theropoda) through biomechanical approaches
Authors: Yun Chan-gyu
Published: November 2024

Megaraptoran theropods represent an enigmatic and unusual lineage of theropod dinosaurs that are characterized by their unique bauplan including a low, elongated skull and robust forelimbs with enlarged claws. Such an unusual morphology has led to speculations that these theropods primarily used forelimbs instead of jaws in prey capture or feeding, but biomechanical studies regarding in-depth evaluations of the functions of their claws or jaws have been scarce. In this work, mandibular force profiles of Australian megaraptoran Australovenator wintonensis are constructed through the principle of beam theory, and mechanical advantages of first manual unguals of various megaraptoran taxa are evaluated using third-class lever model. Mandibular force profiles reveal that the lower jaw of Australovenator wintonensisbehaved as a simple lever, suitable for delivering slashing bites, and likely unable to produce a high bite force. Biomechanical modeling of the first manual unguals of megaraptorans suggests a decrease in Mechanical Advantage in derived taxa, which indicates the claws became more adapted to hook-and-pull function during the course of evolution in this clade. Such results imply megaraptorans like Australovenator wintonensis mainly preyed on relatively small-sized animals, or relied more on their forelimbs to hunt large prey items through hooking the claws onto the victim and pulling them, tearing or slicing the flesh.
Social policy system in the Republic of Korea: features of development and performance
Authors: Podolskiy Vadim Andreevich
Published: November 2024

The article studies the history of the formation and features of the functioning of social policy in the Republic of Korea in the 20th–21st centuries. It examines the emergence of rules for social insurance, social support, assistance to the needy, unemployment insurance and employment promotion, the role of state redistribution and regulation. The principles of the pension system organisation are analyzed. The development of the health care system is studied. Korea's experience in the field of demographic policy, the effectiveness of family benefit programs are analyzed, and the key problems causing the decline in the birth rate in the country below the replacement level are assessed. The organization of social policy in Korea and other developed countries is compared, as well as approaches to determine the place of the Korean social policy system in established typologies. The social policy system in Korea is noticeably behind European welfare states, especially in terms of pension provision. The health care system in Korea is not inferior to European ones in terms of technical equipment and quality of services. In terms of population health indicators, Korea is one of the world leaders with relatively low health care costs. But from a financial and administrative point of view, Korea is characterized by a greater burden on consumers than European countries. The consensus among researchers regarding the reasons for the decline in the birth rate is that raising children in Korea in the 21st century has become an unbearable financial burden. Significant resources are spent on demographic programs in Korea, but they do not bring noticeable benefits, since the decline in the birth rate does not stop. The education system in Korea is one of the best in the world.
Dissociation of chlorobromomethane molecules coherently controlled by ultrafast strong field
Authors: Jing Wen-Quan , Jia Li-Juan , Sun Zhao-Peng , Zhao Song-Feng , Shu Chuan-Cun ,   Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China,   Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China,   Institute of Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Published: November 2024

Coherent control of molecular dissociation in ultrafast strong fields has received considerable attention in various scientific disciplines, such as atomic and molecular physics, physical chemistry, and quantum control. Many fundamental issues still exist regarding the understanding of phenomena, exploration of mechanisms, and development of control strategies. Recent progress has shown that manipulating the spectral phase distribution of a single ultrafast strong ultraviolet laser pulse while maintaining the same spectral amplitude distribution can effectively control the total dissociation probability and branching ratio of molecules initially in the ground state. In this work, the spectral phase control of the photodissociation reaction of chlorobromomethane (CH2BrCl) is studied in depth by using a time-dependent quantum wave packet method, focusing on the influence of the initial vibrational state on the dissociation reaction. The results show that modifying the spectral phase of a single ultrafast pulse does not influence the total dissociation probability or branching ratio in the weak field limit. However, these factors exhibit significant dependence on the spectral phase of the single ultrafast pulse in the strong field limit. By analyzing the population distribution of vibrational states in the ground electronic state, we observe that chirped pulses can effectively control the resonance Raman scattering (RRS) phenomenon induced in strong fields, thereby selectively affecting the dissociation probability and branching ratio based on initial vibrational states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by selecting an appropriate initial vibration state and controlling both the value and sign of the chirp rate, it is possible to achieve preferential cleavage of Cl+CH2Br bonds. This study provides new insights into understanding of ultrafast coherent control of photodissociation reactions in polyatomic molecules.
A Novel Rapid Host Cell Entry Pathway Determines Intracellular Fate of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rühling Marcel , Schmelz Fabio , Ulbrich Kim , Wolf Julia , Pfefferle Maximilian , Moldovan Adriana , Knoch Nadine , Iwanowitsch Andreas , Kappe Christian , Paprotka Kerstin , Arenz Christoph , Fraunholz Martin J
Published: November 2024

Staphylococcus aureus
is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe diseases. Recently,
S. aureus
was recognized as intracellular pathogen with the intracellular niche promoting immune evasion and antibiotic resistance. We identified an alternative mechanism governing cellular uptake of
S. aureus
which relies on lysosomal Ca
2+
, lysosomal exocytosis and occurs concurrently to other well-known entry pathways within the same host cell population. This internalization pathway is rapid and active within only few minutes after bacterial contact with host cells. Compared to slow bacterial internalization, the rapid pathway demonstrates altered phagosomal maturation as well as translocation of the pathogen to the host cytosol and ultimately results in different rates of intracellular bacterial replication and host cell death. We show that these alternative infection outcomes are caused by the mode of bacterial uptake.
TCR transgenic clone selection guided by immune receptor analysis and single cell RNA expression of polyclonal responders
Authors: Debeuf Nincy , Lameire Sahine , Vanheerswynghels Manon , Deckers Julie , De Wolf Caroline , Toussaint Wendy , Verbeke Rein , Verstaen Kevin , Hammad Hamida , Vanhee Stijn , Lambrecht Bart N
Published: November 2024

Since the precursor frequency of naïve T cells is extremely low, investigating the early steps of antigen-specific T cell activation is challenging. To overcome this detection problem, adoptive transfer of a cohort of T cells purified from T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic donors has been extensively used but is not readily available for emerging pathogens. Constructing TCR transgenic mice from T cell hybridomas is a labor-intensive and sometimes erratic process, since the best clones are selected based on antigen-induced CD69 upregulation or IL-2 production
in vitro
, and TCR chains are PCR-cloned into expression vectors. Here, we exploited the rapid advances in single cell sequencing and TCR repertoire analysis to select the best clones without hybridoma selection, and generated CORSET8 mice (
COR
ona
S
pike
E
pitope specific CD8
T
cell), carrying a TCR specific for the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Implementing newly created DALI software for TCR repertoire analysis in single cell analysis enabled the rapid selection of the ideal responder CD8 T cell clone, based on antigen reactivity, proliferation and immunophenotype
in vivo.
Identified TCR sequences were inserted as synthetic DNA into an expression vector and transgenic CORSET8 donor mice were created. After immunization with Spike/CpG-motifs, mRNA vaccination or SARS-CoV2 infection, CORSET8 T cells strongly proliferated and showed signs of T cell activation. Thus, a combination of TCR repertoire analysis and scRNA immunophenotyping allowed rapid selection of antigen-specific TCR sequences that can be used to generate TCR transgenic mice.
Level up your coding: a systematic review of personalized, cognitive, and gamified learning in programming education
Authors: Ishaq Kashif , Alvi Atif , Haq Muhammad Ikram ul , Rosdi Fadhilah , Choudhry Abubakar Nazeer , Anjum Arslan , Khan Fawad Ali
Published: November 2024

Programming courses in computer science play a crucial role as they often serve as students’ initial exposure to computer programming. Many university students find introductory courses overwhelming due to the vast amount of information they need to grasp. The traditional teacher-lecturer model used in university lecture halls frequently leads to low motivation and student participation. Personalized gamification, a pedagogical approach that blends gamification and personalized learning, offers a solution to this challenge. This approach integrates gaming elements and personalized learning strategies to motivate and engage students while addressing their individual learning needs and differences. A comprehensive literature review analyzes 101 studies based on research design, intervention, outcome measures, and quality assessment. The findings suggest that personalized gamification can enhance student cognition in programming courses by boosting motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. However, the effectiveness of personalized gamification depends on various factors, including the types of gaming elements used, the level of personalization, and learner characteristics. This article offers insights into designing and implementing effective personalized gamification interventions in programming courses. The findings may inform educators and researchers in programming education about the potential benefits of personalized gamification and its implications for educational practice.
Enhancing Alzheimer’s disease classification through split federated learning and GANs for imbalanced datasets
Authors: Narayanee Nimeshika G , D Subitha
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly evolving healthcare sector, using advanced technologies to improve medical classification systems has become crucial for enhancing patient care, diagnosis, and treatment planning. There are two main challenges faced in this domain (i) imbalanced distribution of medical data, leading to biased model performance and (ii) the need to preserve patient privacy and comply with data protection regulations. The primary goal of this project is to develop a medical classification model for Alzheimer’s disease detection that can effectively learn from decentralized and imbalanced datasets without compromising on data privacy. The proposed system aims to address these challenges by employing an approach that combines split federated learning (SFL) with conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to enhance medical classification models. SFL enables efficient set of distributed agents that collaboratively train learning models without sharing their data, thus improving data privacy and the integration of conditional GANs aims to improve the model’s ability to generalize across imbalanced classes by generating realistic synthetic samples for minority classes. The proposed system provided an accuracy of approximately 83.54 percentage for the Alzheimer’s disease classification dataset.
ATIVIDADES DE ESTATÍSTICA PARA ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gomes Luís Fernando Funari , Dos Santos Gomes Pereira Rudolph
Published: November 2024

O Produto Técnico Educacional, parte da Dissertação de Mestrado "Sequência de Atividades para o Desenvolvimento das Competências Estatísticas", é um caderno de atividades para alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo é conectar conceitos estatísticos ao cotidiano dos estudantes, promovendo letramento estatístico e raciocínio crítico. Através de um ciclo investigativo, os alunos coletam dados reais, realizam cálculos de medidas de tendência central e dispersão, e constroem gráficos. Essa abordagem prática os prepara para interpretar e comunicar dados de forma eficaz, tornando-os cidadãos mais críticos e informados. Os alunos se sentem mais aptos a analisar informações estatísticas, facilitando a assimilação de conceitos e promovendo um consumo consciente de dados na sociedade contemporânea.
Consumption of Milk and Other Dairy Products as Influenced by Dietary Habits of Vegetarians and Non-vegetarians in Kamrup District of Assam, India: A Study
Authors: Brahma Sweta , Sen Biswajit , Chaudhary Udita , Maiti Sanjit , Ganguly Sangita , Verma Ajay
Published: November 2024

Consumption of dairy products plays a critical role in enhancing nutritional security of the humans. Current study was planned to estimate the expenditure on milk consumption pattern and preferences by different dietary groups in Kamrup district of Assam. Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) of various food commodities also revealed significant differences in household spending patterns.   Cereals had the highest mean expenditure pointed out their importance as a staple food item across households. Consumption of Pulses showed more consistent spending suggesting a steady role in household diets. Fruits and vegetables, demonstrated substantial variations in spending on food items. Expenditure on Meat consumption indicated substantial variability as per household preferences followed by Fish which highlighted the diverse consumption preferences in the study area. The multivariate test statistics indicated significant differences in the consumption patterns. This supported that there was a significant difference in the consumption of food products between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Further, approximately forty percent of the variance in food consumption was explained by dietary pattern differences as expressed by Wilks' lambda, and remaining 58% was due to other factors. Moreover, Pillai’s trace and Lawley-Hotelling trace had confirmed significant differences, suggesting that dietary preferences substantially impact food expenditure. Vegetarian families tend to spend more on liquid milk, implying that milk plays a central role in the vegetarian diet, possibly as a primary source of protein. The most significant difference was seen in powder milk expenditure, where vegetarians spend more than non-vegetarians. Non-vegetarian households, spend more on curd, and also showed higher expenditure on paneer, ghee, and butter, though the differences in these items were less pronounced. Overall, the vegetarian households allocated more of their budget to powdered milk, sweets, and ice cream, while non-vegetarian households spent more on curd, paneer, and other dairy products.
Taxes, Policies, and Change: Advocating VAT Facilities for Disabilities
Authors: Aziz Umar Abdul , Rosdiana Haula
Published: November 2024

This study explores the critical need for a Value Added Tax (VAT) facility to improve access to assistive devices for people with disabilities in Indonesia. It uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, of Academic Books; Scopus Indexed Scientific Journals; Articles from Scientific Conferences; Media Articles; and International Sources. The study found that the “VAT exemption” mechanism is more effective in reducing the price of assistive devices, as it ensures tax neutrality and reduces price increases caused by inefficiencies in the tax system. However, the study also underscores the importance of implementing VAT exemption for assistive devices through the “VAT not levied” facility as a strategic measure to increase accessibility, improve welfare, and promote social inclusion for people with disabilities in Indonesia.
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Lactifluus vellereus
Authors: Canpolat Ş. , Canpolat E. Y. , İslek C.
Published: November 2024

The consumption of cultivated or wild mushrooms has increased significantly in recent years This is because of their beneficial features, particularly their nutritional value and antioxidant capacity. Vitamins, fiber, protein, amino acids, and phenolic compounds are all abundant in mushrooms. Belonging to the family Russulaceae (Russulales), Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel is a genus of milkcaps, which is predominantly represented in subtropical and tropical regions in the World. In this study it was aimed to determine the chemical composition (ash, total protein, total fat, and fatty acid composition), total amount of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capability and antimicrobial activity of Lactifluus vellereus (Fr.) Kuntze (1891) provided from Kastamonu, Türkiye. According to the existing literature, mushroom samples were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Dried mushroom samples were extracted with two different solvents, methanol and acetone, to determine antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms by disk diffusion method. The highest inhibition was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strain with 16±0.81 mm zone diameter for acetone extract while it was 15.33±0.47 mm against Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 strain for methanol extract. The amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capability of L. vellereus were also determined using the methanol extract via Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent method and DPPH radical scavenging activity and potassium ferricyanide reducing antioxidant power (PFRAP) methods, respectively. The amount of total phenolic compounds was found as 3.58±0.12 mg GAE/g DW while DPPH scavenging activity and PFRAP values were 334.88±0.29 mg TE/g DW and 381.17±0.99 mg AAE/g DW, respectively. The ash, total protein and total fat content of L. vellereus were 8.47±0.17%, 20.48±0.07% and 2.28±0.04%, respectively. The fatty acid composition of the mushroom sample was also analyzed by GC-MS and oleic acid was found to be the predominant fatty acid with a concentration of 18.95% followed by elaidic acid (9.30%) and linoleic acid (5.81%). These findings indicated that L. vellereus should be considered a valuable source for its nutritional and therapeutic uses.
Compatibility of Indigenous Trichoderma spp. with Selected Fungicides and Insecticides
Authors: I.Linta  , Hima V. M. , Sainamole K. P. , Sajeesh P. K.
Published: November 2024

Aims: Evaluation of compatibility of indigenous Trichoderma isolates obtained from different agro ecological units of Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, with commonly used soil fungicides and insecticides.
Study Design: CRD.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture Padannakkad, between November 2022 and November 2023.
Methodology: Purposive sampling surveys were conducted in eighteen different locations within the agro ecological units viz., AEU 2 (Northern coastal plain), AEU 7 (Kaipad lands), AEU 11 (Northern laterites), AEU 13 (Northern foot hills) and AEU 15 (Northern high hills) of Kasaragod district, Kerala, India. Native Trichoderma species were isolated in Trichoderma Selective Medium (TSM) by using dilution plate technique. The compatibility of promising indigenous Trichoderma isolates with commonly used fungicides at recommended concentrations viz., copper hydroxide (0.15%), mancozeb (0.3%), carbendazim (0.2%), hexaconazole (0.2%) and metalaxyl (0.1%); and insecticides viz., chlorpyriphos (0.06%) and carbosulfan (0.05%) was evaluated using poisoned food technique. Statistical analysis of the results obtained was carried out.
Results: At the lowest tested concentration of copper hydroxide (0.1%), isolates Tr 37, Tr 52, and Tr 55 demonstrated complete compatibility, without any growth inhibition. Isolates, Tr 5, Tr 12, Tr 37, Tr 40, and Tr 41 were highly susceptible to mancozeb, displaying 100% inhibition at all tested concentrations. Carbendazim was found inhibitory for all isolates at every concentration tested, resulting in complete growth inhibition. Hexaconazole showed a high level of inhibition, with inhibition rates exceeding 70% across all tested concentrations. Metalaxyl significantly suppressed radial growth across all concentrations, though isolates, Tr 37, Tr 52, and Tr 55 exhibited relatively low inhibition regardless of the concentration. The Trichoderma isolates were found relatively more compatible with insecticides chlorpyriphos and carbosulfan.
Conclusion: T. harzianum isolates exhibited a higher sensitivity to fungicides tested. T. koningiopsis isolates demonstrated relatively higher compatibility with all tested fungicides but were found to be affected by insecticides. All the isolates were found relatively more compatible with insecticides chlorpyriphos and carbosulfan.
Vegetable Production Techniques for Livelihood Security for Small and Marginal Farmers: A Review
Authors: Sanap P.B. , Thaware B.G. , Meshram N.A. , Nigade P.M. , Shinde B.D. , Haldankar P.M.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the major factors influencing farmer’s decision to adopt the released and recommended varieties and technologies developed by Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. At present, farmers are encountering problems of low yield, pest and diseases and declining productivity due to continuous cultivation. The most important factors influencing the adoption of improved varieties were high yield, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses and high market demand with more shelf life. In addition, resistance to pest and diseases incidence, early maturing characteristics and suitable for rice based cropping system were identified as adoption factors. Farmers who adopt the production techniques of university increased their income levels and consequently were able to provide for their needs such as housing, to purchase farm tools and equipments and transport vehicles, to expand their farm operations, to educate their children and to provide appropriate health care. Social benefits included employment, enhanced local business.
An In-Depth Review on Recent Developments in Oral Ketoprofen Delivery: Strategies for Enhanced Therapeutic Performance
Authors: Elballa Waleed , Salih Mohammed , Elawni Alaa E.
Published: November 2024

Ketoprofen, a widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), suffers from limited oral bioavailability due to poor solubility and a short half-life, leading to frequent dosing and potential gastric irritation. This review examines recent advancements in oral Ketoprofen delivery, reporting clear findings in bioavailability improvement and gastric protection. Controlled-release systems—such as Zn-alginate beads, polysaccharide hydrogels, and monolithic osmotic tablets—demonstrated sustained drug release with reduced gastric side effects, extending anti-inflammatory action up to 7 hours. Oral-dissolving formulations, including fast-disintegrating tablets and electrospun fibers, showed enhanced dissolution rates and improved patient compliance, particularly benefiting individuals with swallowing difficulties. Complexation with polymers (e.g., polyacrylamide-grafted gum and sodium alginate) created pH-sensitive microbeads that released 83% of Ketoprofen at neutral pH, supporting gastro-protective effects. Lipid-based formulations, such as nanostructured lipid carriers and self-emulsifying systems, effectively improved solubility and permeability, enhancing Ketoprofen’s absorption by up to 2.4 times. These findings underscore the potential of tailored delivery systems in optimizing Ketoprofen's therapeutic efficacy, safety, and patient adherence.
The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on appendicitis in children: the experience of a public hospital in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Renê Mariano de , Roberto Paulo Correia Araujo
Published: November 2024

In the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, children and adults with non-COVID-19 emergencies, such as acute appendicitis (AA), requiring surgical treatment, may have had longer disease evolution times with possible repercussions on the results and use of open appendectomies. Objective: To compare the evolution and severity of AA in children and the results of laparoscopic and open appendectomies in the trans-pandemic period with the pre-pandemic period.  Methodology: Retrospective study evaluating two series of children who underwent appendectomy at a public reference hospital, between March 2019 and February 2020 (pre-pandemic) and the same period from 2020 to 2021 (trans-pandemic). The analysis included the time of symptom progression, severity, types of appendectomy, and outcomes. Results: In these 2 years, 249 appendectomies were performed in children under 15: 131 in the pre-pandemic period and 118 in the trans-pandemic period. 218 (87.5%) procedures were by laparotomy and 31 (12.5%) procedures were laparoscopically. The duration of symptoms was 3.2±2.9 days in the pre-pandemic period and 3.3±2.8 days in the trans-pandemic period, and there was a lower number of children admitted within 24 hours (20.3%) of the onset of symptoms before the pandemic (vs. 34.1%). Complication rates were 32.9% with laparotomy and 12.9% with laparoscopy. Reoperations were more frequent in the pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period (11.0% vs. 4.6%) and the hospital stay was longer (5.6±4.3 vs. 4.7±2.9 days). Conclusion – During the pandemic, children with AA took longer to have access to surgical treatment and had more complications, reoperations, and longer hospitalization time, especially with open appendectomy.
Design of a Machine Learning-Based Platform for Currency Market Prediction: A Fundamental Design Model
Authors: Gordillo Orjuela Kevin , Gaona García Paulo Alonso , Montenegro Marín Carlos Enrique
Published: November 2024

Prediction models in foreign exchange markets have been very popular in recent years, and in particular,
through the use of techniques based on Machine Learning. This growth has made it possible to train several
techniques that increasingly allow us to improve predictions according to the criteria that each algorithm
supports and can cover. However, the development of these models and their deployment within computer
platforms is a complex task, given the variety of approaches that each researcher uses based on the training
process and therefore by definition of the model, which leads to the consumption of high computing resources
for its training, as well as various processes for its deployment. For this reason, the following article focuses on
designing a technological platform oriented to micro services, which minimizes the consumption of resources
and facilitates the integration of various techniques and the analysis of various criteria, which improves their
analysis and validation in a Web environment.
Advances in AI-Generated Images and Videos
Authors: Bougueffa Hessen , Keita Mamadou , Hamidouche Wassim , Taleb-Ahmed Abdelmalik , Liz-López Helena , Martín Alejandro , Camacho David , Hadid Abdenour
Published: November 2024

In recent years generative AI models and tools have experienced a significant increase, especially techniques
to generate synthetic multimedia content, such as images or videos. These methodologies present a wide
range of possibilities; however, they can also present several risks that should be taken into account. In this
survey we describe in detail different techniques for generating synthetic multimedia content, and we also
analyse the most recent techniques for their detection. In order to achieve these objectives, a key aspect is the
availability of datasets, so we have also described the main datasets available in the state of the art. Finally,
from our analysis we have extracted the main trends for the future, such as transparency and interpretability,
the generation of multimodal multimedia content, the robustness of models and the increased use of diffusion
models. We find a roadmap of deep challenges, including temporal consistency, computation requirements,
generalizability, ethical aspects, and constant adaptation.