bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENDOTHELIAL STRUCTURE IN RABBITS WITH MODERATE HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMI
Authors: Bylock Anders , Björkerud Sören , Brattsand Ralph , Hansson Göran K. , Hansson Hans‐Arne , Bondjers GÖran
Published: August 2010

The aortic surface of rabbits given a supplement of 0.1–0.3 per cent cholesterol to the diet was studied by scanning electron microscopy. In regions where increased haemodynamic strain was anticipated, similar structural changes were observed in normal and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. However, changes indicating cell injury were more wide‐spread in cholesterolfed animals. This suggests that hypercholesterolaemia may increase cell susceptibility to injury. In the same regions, the development of intimal thickenings was observed in cholesterol‐fed rabbits. The central parts of such thickenings had been reendothelialized, whereas a region with cell injury surrounded each lesion. In regions with low haemodynamic strain, a loss of fine‐structural details was observed in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. It is suggested that these changes may be related to the deteriorated functional properties of the intact endothelium in such rabbits. In view of these data it is suggested that the interrelationship between hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerotic arterial disease may partly be due to a deleterious effect of hypercholesterolaemia on the functional and structural integrity of the arterial endothelium.
CAUSE OF THE CONTINUOUS RISE IN PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION AFTER REMOVAL OF MANIPULATED SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS IN NEPHRECTOMIZED MICE
Authors: Bing Jens , Malling Christian , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

After gentle manipulation with subsequent removal of the submaxillary glands in nephrectomized mice there is a vast increase in the concentrations of high molecular weight renin (“prorenin”?) as well as active renin in plasma. The increase in active renin is continuous even after removal of glands as well as kidneys. Using in vitro incubation and replacement transfusion experiments, the continuous rise was found not to be due to activation of the high molecular weight renin. The continuous increase could instead be shown to be due to a rapid transfer of submaxillary lymph and (or) interstitial fluid to the surrounding tissues, with a subsequent slower release from these tissues to the blood. Continued release of renin from extra‐submaxillary tissue‐depots is probably also the cause of the continuance of the high plasma renin concentrations for several hours after the removal of the manipulated glands, which contrasts with the much more rapid decline in the concentration after injection of extracts of submaxillary glands as well as after injection of pure submaxillary renin.
AN AUTOPSY STUDY OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN ACUTE‐ONSET JUVENILE DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Junker Karsten , Egeberg Jørn , Kromann Hans , Nerup Jørn
Published: August 2010

The existence of lymphocytic inflammation of the islets of Langerhans—insulitis—in the early stages of juvenile diabetes mellitus (j.d.m.) has been a matter of discussion. In order to evaluate the possible occurrence of insulitis in early j.d.m. the present autopsy study was performed. From the years 1943 to 1974 blocks of pancreatic tissue were collected from 11 juvenile diabetics aged less than 30 years and dying within 2 months after the onset of diabetic symptoms. Pancreatic tissue blocks from 22 age‐and‐sex‐matched sudden, unexpected deaths served as control material. 5‐micron thick sections from the 33 blocks were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin, aldehyde‐fuchsin and silver. 1‐micron sections were stained with toluidine blue. Islets were found in all the control cases, and A‐ and B‐cell granulations were distinct. Insulitis was absent. Islets were also present in all the diabetic cases. No difference in islet number between the controls and the diabetics was apparent. The diabetic islets were morphologically heterogeneous. No difference beween controls and diabetics could be demonstrated in respect of A‐cell number and granulation. However, B‐cell granulation was demonstrable in only 1 case, and in that case in extremely reduced proportion. Insulitis was present to varying degrees in 6 of the diabetics. In this material, like others, insulitis seems most frequent in the diabetics aged less than 10 years. No conclusion can be drawn from this study about whether an infectious agent, an autoimmune process, or a combination of these, causes the insulitis. However, the findings presented suggest the existence of a lymphocytic insulitis as a feature of early j.d.m.
RE‐APPRAISAL OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA DIAGNOSIS IN THE SWEDISH CANCER REGISTRY
Authors: Malec Elisabeth , Eklund Gunnar , Lagerlöf Bengt
Published: August 2010

In many countries the registration of malignant melanoma of the skin shows an increased incidence; this may partially be due to an over‐diagnosis. From the group of 3,268 adults and 21 children classified as suffering from malignant melanoma of the skin in the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1959–1968, a one‐in‐ten systematic sample survey was the object of a retrospective examination. 349 adults and 2 children had a uniform histopathological evaluation performed by one of the authors (B. L.). Slides were not available in 8 cases (2 per cent) and in the remaining 343, the diagnosis was regarded as incorrect in 13 (3.7 per cent). All these 13 cases, (2 children and 11 adults), showed no special predilection as to age, sex, location, or year of registration. In view of such a slight degree of error, the Swedish Cancer registry's melanoma group from 1959–1968 would seem suitable for further epidemiological studies.
NITROFURANTOIN‐INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN PULMONARY TISSUE
Authors: Taskinen E. , Tukiainen P. , Sovijärvi A. R. A.
Published: August 2010

Three patients with acute and two with subacute nitrofurantoin‐induced pulmonary reactions were studied clinically and by examinining microscopically needle biopsy specimens of their lungs. In all five patients slight vasculitis and a few interstitial eosinophils were found in the pulmonary tissue 1–2 weeks after the withdrawal of nitrofurantoin therapy. Alveolitis, fibrinous alveolar exudate and perivascular granulomas were also seen in some specimens. The patients with acute reactions had marked blood eosinophilia. In all patients, pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO) was below normal, but ventilatory function was not appreciably affected. Withdrawal of nitrofurantoin resulted in complete or partial improvement in 4–8 weeks. Our clinical and histological findings support the suggestion that a type III immune‐complexmediated reaction is involved in acute and subacute hypersensitivity reactions to nitrofurantoin.
CARDIAC HAEMANGIO‐ENDOTHELIOSARCOMA Review of the Literature and Report of a Case
Authors: Gröntoft Otto , Hellquist Henrik
Published: August 2010

A case of primary haemangio‐endotheliosarcoma of the right atrium is reported. A review of the literature is given and in all but four of the 56 cases, the tumour originates in the right atrium projecting into the cavity. This explains why these tumours present a rather uniform clinical picture characterized by superior vena caval syndrome combined with pericardial effusion, cardiomegaly, dyspnoea and chest pain. A male dominent sex distribution of 3 to 1 is found. The tumour is highly malignant and has caused death within an average of six months. We emphasize the possibility of early diagnosis particularly since the clinical symptoms are rather typical and cases are reported where therapy apparently was successful.
OBSERVATIONS BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN GALL BLADDER EPITHELIUM
Authors: Myllärniemi H. , Nickels J. I.
Published: August 2010

Thirteen gall bladders presenting normal findings, cholesterolosis, chronic cholecystitis, mucosal hyperplasia and adenomyomatosis were studied by scanning and light microscopy. In the bladder of patients with cholesterolosis the mucosal folds were clearly dilated, but the individual epithelial cells had preserved their normal hexagonal structure. In the gall bladder of one patient with cholesterolosis, goblet‐like cells were seen in the epithelium. The greatest changes were seen in material from patients with chronic cholecystitis, in which the mucosal folds were clearly flattened and the cell boundaries indistinct and small polypoid structures were seen on the surface of the epithelium. No special changes were seen in material obtained from patients with adenomyomatosis or mucosal hyperplasia.
IN VITRO EFFECTS OF PROLACTIN AND HYDROCORTISONE ON 7,12‐DMBA‐INDUCED MAMMARY TUMOUR AND VIRUS‐INDUCED SARCOMA IN THE RAT
Authors: Aspegren Knut , Tropé Claes
Published: August 2010

The in vitro effect of prolactin and hydrocortisone, singly or in combination, on the DMBA‐induced mammary tumour in the rat was investigated by organ cultures. Prolactin had a stimulating effect on the DNA synthesis in one out of five tumours. Hydrocortisone induced lobulo‐alveolar differentiation but reduced the DNA synthesis or failed to affect it. The addition of prolactin to hydrocortisone did not alter this response. Virus induced rat sarcomas were studied as control tissue. Prolactin inhibited growth of one sarcoma. Hydrocortisone stimulated growth of sarcomas. The relevance of these findings in relation to similar in vitro experiments is discussed.
OSTEONECROSIS FOLLOWING RENAL ALLOTRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Melsen Flemming , Nielsen Hans Egon
Published: August 2010

Morphometric and dynamic studies of bone obtained by biopsy from a standard locality on the iliac crest were carried out in 10 patients with and 7 patients without radiological signs of osteonecrosis. All the patients had normally functioning kidney transplants. The results obtained in the two groups were compared and both groups were compared with a series of normal subjects where the age and sex distribution was the same. In the group of patients with osteonecrosis, the reduction in the amount of cancellous bone was found to be highly significant as compared with that in normal subjects and with that in the other group of patients. Apart from the reduction in bone, changes in all patients were characterized by an increased amount of osteoid and a low rate of mineralization, determined by double labelling with tetracycline. As there were no changes in the width of osteoid seams indicating osteomalacia, it is suggested that these patients suffered from a severe corticosteroid osteopenia.
NUCLEAR DNA‐CONTENT OF PARATHYROID CELLS IN ADENOMAS, HYPERPLASTIC AND NORMAL GLANDS
Authors: Bengtsson A. , Grimelius L. , Johansson H. , Pontén J.
Published: August 2010

Nuclear DNA‐content in parathyroid cell imprints from adenomas, hyperplastic and normal glands was determined. Two principally different staining procedures were applied: pararoseaniline‐Feulgen and ethidium‐bromide staining. All nuclei, particularly with the ethidium‐bromide method were registered as containing even multiples of the normal human diploid DNA‐content. Normal and hyperplastic glands showed ≥98 per cent diploid nuclei, the remaining fraction was tetraploid. In adenomas the frequency of diploid nuclei varied from 50–98 per cent; the remaining were predominantly tetraploid, but octaploid and higher even ploidity also occurred. A good correlation was found between nuclear DNA‐content and nuclear diameter. The findings indicate that determination of nuclear DNA‐content of parathyroid cells may be a valuable contribution in the differentiation between hyperplasia and adenoma.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES FROM NORMAL AND PREMALIGNANT RAT LIVER
Authors: Boman Dag , Berg Trond , Christoffersen Thoralf
Published: August 2010

Scanning electron microscopy was performed on hepatocytes isolated after collagenase perfusion of livers from rats fed 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in the diet for 6–8 weeks and on hepatocytes from control rats. The premalignant AAF‐cells showed a greater variation in cell size and shape. They also exhibited a reduced number of microvilli and more blebs and other protrusions on the surface than hepatocytes from control animals.
AMYLOIDOSIS IN AGEING OBESE‐HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE AND THEIR LEAN LITTER‐MATES
Authors: Naeser Peter , Westermark Per
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of amyloidosis in obese‐hyperglycemic mice (genotype obob) about 18 months old and their lean litter‐mates was studied. Amyloidosis of varying degrees was found in 60 per cent of the mice and was equally common in both groups. Large amounts of amyloid were usually seen in the adrenal glands, liver, spleen and kidneys. In the kidneys, the amyloid was found mainly in the glomeruli, in the mesangial region. Electron microscopy of isolated amyloid fibrils showed that these consisted of two filaments about 40 Å thick, twisted around each other. It is concluded that the distribution of the amyloidosis in these mice is similar to that seen in secondary or experimental murine amyloidosis.
MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA IN NORWAY
Authors: Normann Trine
Published: August 2010

Fifty‐four primary cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) traced in Norway, 1960–74, were studied. The mean annual incidence rate was 0.1 per 100,000; the frequency of the tumour among all thyroid carcinomas registered in Norway was 3.4 per cent. The study of the geographical distribution of cases revealed a significantly higher proportion in rural than in urban areas, and in coastal as compared with inland counties. There was also an unexpected accumulation of cases in a few sparsely inhabited valleys in the southern and western part of the country. The familial occurrence of the disease was investigated by means of the family history, pedigree studies and measurement of immuno‐reactive calcitonin (iCT) in serum of relatives. The family history was found to be of limited value in discriminating between familial and sporadic cases. Family screening with serum calcitonin measurements revealed hypercalcitoninemia in relatives of 4 probands, 2 of which were apparently sporadic. Through pedigree studies it became evident that 15 probands were distantly releated to one or two of the others, and the study of grandparents' origin revealed that 16 additional probands had one or more grandparents originating in the same rural municipality as the grandparents of at least one of the others. The high degree of inbreeding in these areas makes it possible that some, if not all, of these 16 probands in fact are genetically related. The pattern of inheritance was in one, possibly in two kindreds, consistent with autosomal dominance. In three other kindreds an autosomal recessive trait is discussed. The familial and also the geographical relationships demonstrated in the other probands may also be an expression of genetic etiology. The nature of this is not clear, but it does not fit in with simple Mendelian inheritance.
A MALIGNANT BRENNER TUMOUR OF THE OVARY WITH SUBCUTANEOUS METASTASES
Authors: Beck Henning , Raahave Dennis , Boiesen Poul
Published: August 2010

The rare, malignant Brenner tumour of the ovary was removed in a 67‐year old woman. The tumour was of the epidermoid‐transitional‐cell type and is in particular remarkable because subcutaneous metastases occurred.
NAPHTHYLAMIDASE USED AS A LYSOSOME MARKER IN THE STUDY OF ACUTE SELECTIVE NECROSIS OF THE INTERNAL GRANULAR LAYER OF CEREBELLUM
Authors: Albrechtsen Reidar
Published: August 2010

Histochemical examination of the activity of naphthylamidase (LNAse) in the cerebellar cortex of 70 human autopsies consistantly revealed a marked activity mainly in the internal granular layer with pH optimum of 5.8. Slight enzyme activity was also localized in sites corresponding to lipofuscin deposits and areas of acid phosphatase activity in the Bergmann glial cells, Purkinje cells and in perivascular cells. The histochemical findings support the LNAse reaction as a lysosome marker. Differences in localization of LNAse and acid phosphatase could possibly be due to prior release of the latter enzyme from the internal granular layer. Significant correlation between demonstrable loss of granule cell nuclei (the so‐called acute, selective necrosis of the granular layer) and low pH of the cerebellar tissue could be demonstrated in 21 cases. The present findings support the hypothesis that an enzymatic disintegration of the granule cells takes place in postmortem cerebella with low pH simulating a necrotic vital phenomenon.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF GLOMERULI IN IDIOPATHIC NEPHROSIS WITH MINIMAL OR NO GLOMERULAR LESIONS
Authors: Ludwigsen Erik , Sørensen Finn Hanberg , Olsen Steen
Published: August 2010

A quantitative investigation was performed of glomeruli in renal biopsies from patients with nephrotic syndrome or persisting proteinuria associated with normal light microscopic findings or slight changes not considered significant (“minimal change disease”, lipoid nephrosis). The mesangial area was widened (+ 26 per cent, p < 0.05) and there was an increase in the mean of the total number of cellular nuclei per glomerulus, the number of mesangial (+ 19 per cent) and endothelial nuclei (+ 23 per cent), but of these only endothelial hypercellularity was significant (p < 0.025).
EFFECTS OF THE NONAPEPTIDE SQ 20.881 ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF CONSCIOUS NORMOTENSIVE AND CHRONIC HYPERTENSIVE MICE
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

Prevention of conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by means of a converting enzyme inhibitor, the nonapeptide SQ 20.881, in chronic hypertensive mice was followed by a drop in blood pressure in all mice independent of the ethiology of hypertension; in conscious normotensive mice was observed a significant decrease in blood pressure, which, however, was less than that observed in the hypertensive mice.
Focal “Spontaneous” Alterations and Loss of Endothelial Cells in Rabbit Aorta
Authors: Svendsen Einar , JØrgensen Leif
Published: August 2010

Rabbit aortas were examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to observe the morphological steps in focal endothelial cell desquamation. The aortas were not subjected to any instrumentation prior to fixation by either immersion alone or combined perfusion and immersion. In areas where boundary layer separation of flow with eddy formation is known to occur, many elongated protruding cells were observed, some obviously partly loosened from the basement membrane. Some of the latter cells appeared to be attached by two ends and to be twisted longitudinally. Single cells, or even sheets of cells, were completely detached. The breaks seemed to have taken place close to, and parallel with, intercellular junctions, but not within these structures. Platelets had reacted both with injured cells and the denuded intimal surface. Thus, the sequence appears to be protrusion of cell body, partial loosening of cells from the basement membrane, breaks near the intercellular junctions, twisting of cells, and complete detachment.
The Isozyme Pattern of Cyclic Amp‐Dependent Protein Kinase and the Distribution of a Cervicovaginal Antigen in Experimental Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri of Mice
Authors: DØskeland Stein Ove , Kalland Terje , Breistein Liv Stray , Fossberg Tor Magne , Ueland Per Magne
Published: August 2010

Tissue‐sections from 12 methylcholanthrene‐induced carcinomas of the cervix uteri of mice were tested for the presence of an antigen normally confined to the cervicovaginal epithelium. The antigen was detected in 10 of the 12 tumours investigated with indirect immunofluorescence, and in all 7 tumours studied with the more sensitive method of mixed hemagglutination. The concentration of the antigen was generally higher in the well‐differentiated areas of the tumours, but it was also found associated with solitary tumour cells, apparently invading the stroma. The presence of CVA in the tumours suggests an origin of the tumour cells from the cervicovaginal epithelium. The cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (EC 2. 7. 1. 37) in the tumour cytosols was studied by chromatography on agarose and DEAE‐cellulose. The enzyme showed the same properties as that from normal vaginal epithelium. The tumour cells thus contain an apparently normal complement of this enzyme, which is believed to be responsible for most of the intracellular actions of cyclic AMP.
Studies on the Rat Liver Following Iron Overload
Authors: Hultcrantz Rolf , Arborgh Bengt
Published: August 2010

Iron overload of the rat liver following parenteral administration of Jectofer® (an iron sorbitol citric acid complex) was studied in the electron microscope. Abundant ferritin‐like granules were present in parenchymal and Kupffer cells, partly free in the cell sap and partly concentrated in 3 types of membrane‐bound organelles, with characteristic appearences. In the parenchymal cells these organelles consisted of lysosome‐like structures, apparent autophagic vacuoles, and vacuoles lacking features linking them to specific cytoplasmic elements. Organelle‐bound ferritinlike granules in the Kupffer cells were demonstrated in lysosomelike structures, in phagocytic vacuoles, and in tubular and vacuolar elements referred to as »type 1« and »type 2« bodies. No ferritin‐like granules were observed in other cell types than parenchymal and Kupffer cells.
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fine Structure of Chondrosarcoma of Bone. With a Note on the Localization of Alkaline Phosphatase and »ATPase«
Authors: Aparisi Tomas , Arborgh Bengt , Ericsson Jan L. E. , Gö;thlin Gustav , Nilsonne Ulf
Published: August 2010

Seven well differentiated chondrosarcomas of bone have been analyzed by electron microscopy, and the fine structural localization of adenosine triphosphatase and nonspecific alkaline phosphatase has been elucidated. On the basis of the fine structural appearance, two distinct cell types were shown to constitute the tumor tissue: chondrocyte‐like cells and large »mitochondria‐rich cells«. Large, multinucleated cells in the tumor did not seem to correspond to osteoclasts but rather were likely to represent true neoplastic cells. Some chondrocyte‐like cells appeared to be binucleated by virtue of deep, groove‐like nuclear indentations. Adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were associated with the plasma membrane of both chondrocyte‐like and mitochondria‐rich cells suggesting that they might be of common origin. Normal chondroblasts and chondrocytes lack histochemically demonstrable adenosine triphosphatase on their plasma membrane. Presence of this enzyme in the tumor cells may indicate that they are histogenetically related to immature non‐chondroid matrix forming cells (known to carry the enzymes).
Incidence of Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Greenland with Special Reference to an Anaplastic Carcinoma
Authors: Nielsen Nils HØjgaard , Mikkelsen Flemming , Hansen Jens Peder Hart
Published: August 2010

Forty‐two salivary gland neoplasms were diagnosed in Greenland 1955–1974. Twenty‐five cases were malignant of which 92 per cent were an undifferentiated carcinoma, histologically identical to malignant lymphoepithelial lesion. Age adjusted incidence rates for salivary gland carcinomas 1965–1974 were among the highest on record, significantly higher than in Denmark. Prognosis was poor with a 5‐year determinate survival rate of 14 per cent. The majority of previously reported malignant lymphoepithelial lesions of salivary glands have occurred in Arctic dwellers in Alaska and Northern Canada. Virus infection and/or dietary deficiencies may be etiological factors. In the present study secondary nasopharyngeal carcinoma could not always be excluded.
The Anal Transitional Zone
Authors: Fenger Claus
Published: August 2010

The anal canal extends from the upper to the lower border of the internal sphincter. The canal can histologically be divided into three zones according to the epithelial lining, being of colo‐rectal type in the upper part and squamous in the lower part, while the middle part, where the epithelium varies, is called the anal transitional zone (ATZ). This zone can be demonstrated macroscopically using whole mount staining with Alcian dyes, which reveal it as light green or blue, contrasting to the dark stained rectal type mucosa above and the unstained squamous epithelium below. Comparison with histological sections shows that this zone corresponds with reasonable accuracy to the anal transitional zone.
Metastasis Spread from Syngeneic Murine Tumours
Authors: Hagmar Bjö;rn , Ryd Walter
Published: August 2010

We have transformed two new MC‐induced tumours, a sarcoma (MCB21‐SS) and a carcinoma (MCB31‐SC), into ascites form. When transplanted s.c. these ascites tumours grow as solid, quite undifferentiated tumours, (AS = ascites solid tumours). We compared the metastasizibility of the AS tumours with that of the parent tumours. In doing so. we used both the tail and the hind leg as transplantation sites. The tumours can be radically removed from both sites by amputation, which prolongs the survival time of the animals and permits metastases to grow into detectable sizes. As registered grossly and by microscopy, the AS tumours have a greater tendency of spread than the parent (SS/SC) tumours. MCB‐21AS grows quicker than 21‐SS and gives rise to more lymph node metastases. When transplanted to the tail the AS tumour also gives a higher incidence of lung metastases. We detected no such difference by leg‐transplanted tumours. MCB31‐SC did not produce any detectable metastases at all, while 31‐AS, particulary from the tail, gave rise to numerous lymph node and lung metastases. There were no differences in tumour size or growth rate to account for this difference. Thus ascites conversion has changed the carcinoma MCB31‐SC into an undifferentiated. metastasizing tumour, as detected by our procedure. The design of test protocols to detect metastasizibility is discussed.
Heart Autopsy in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Hansen Birgit Fischer
Published: August 2010

The commonly performed autopsy of the heart often fails to demonstrate a satisfactory clinico‐pathological correlation in cases of death due to ischemic heart disease. An autopsy protocol devised specifically for the study of hearts from patients succumbing to ischemic heart disease is presented. This protocol has been employed in a consecutive series of 63 patients with ischemic heart disease dying at the medical department B, Rigshospitalet in the period 1 September 1975 to 1 May 1976. It comprises a meticulous histological examination of the coronary arteries, including quantitation of luminal narrowing. The ventricular myocardium is sliced transversely, and the Nitro‐BT test is applied to identify and delineate acute myocardial infarction, the extent of which is quantitated by point‐counting. In a search for histopathological changes responsible for conducting disturbances, the sinoatrial and the atrioventricular nodes are examined histologically.
Plasma Membrane Motility Of Cultured Human Glia Cells in Phase II and III
Authors: Blomquist E. , Arro E. , Brunk U. , Westermark B.
Published: August 2010

A human diploid glia line (U‐787 CG) was cultured on haptotactic islands using a miniclone method recently described. The surface morphology and motility pattern of the cells were studied using timelapse cinemicrophotography and scanning electron microscopy. Proliferating cells showed locomotion and ruffling activity with intermittent associated macropinocytosis. Non‐dividers, viz. cells which had not divided 10 days after seeding on the haptotactic islands, were immobile, larger than the dividers, rather flat with few microvilli, and showed only very occasional ruffles almost completely without associated macropinocytosis. Our present findings show that phase III cells growing singly on haptotactic islands in serum‐containing medium behave like phase II cells starved of growth factors or density growth inhibited. The results corroborate the theory that stationary cells have depressed ruffling activity and associated macropinocytosis as compared with proliferating cells.
Periodic Acid Schiff‐Positive Non‐Glycogenic Globules in Hepatocytes
Authors: Reintoft Ingermarie
Published: August 2010

Thirty‐eight subjects with diastase‐resistant PAS‐positive cytoplasmic globules in hepatocytes were found among 238 autopsies. In 15 of the 38 subjects the globules were antigenically alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, in 23 subjects they were not. The latter globules were found in centrilobular regions, the alpha‐1‐antitrypsin globules mainly in periportal regions. The non‐alpha‐1‐antitrypsin globules showed less differences in size (6–10 μ) and a smaller number per hepatocyte (1–7) than the alpha‐1‐antitrypsin globules (1–40 μ and 1–30 per cell). The non‐alpha‐1‐antitrypsin globules were only demonstrated in livers with centrilobular sinusoidal dilatation having, in all cases but one, also centrilobular, confluent necrosis. This type of globules can be assumed to be of differential diagnostic importance mainly in an autopsy material. The nature of these globules is discussed.
Urothelial Hyperplasia of the Urinary Bladder of the Rat Induced by Mechanical Perforation and Phenacetin Treatment
Authors: Johansson Sonny
Published: August 2010

Mechanical perforation of the urinary bladder of Sprague‐Dawley rats and subsequent administration of phenacetin in the diet induced urothelial hyperplasia in 11 of 12 rats. No pathological changes were found in the bladders of the control rats only submitted to mechanical perforation or phenacetin treatment only. The hyperplastic changes varied from mild focal urothelial hyperplasia after one week to severe focal and diffuse nodular and papillary hyperplasia after 3 weeks.
Ameloblastoma of the Jaws
Authors: Larsson Åke , Almerén Helena
Published: August 2010

All the 49 jaw ameloblastomas reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during the period 1958–1971 were re‐examined, using the histopathologic criteria of odontogenic tumors adopted by WHO. Thirty‐one cases (63.6%) fulfilled the criteria of simple ameloblastoma, whereas 12 cases were found to be other benign lesions and 6 to be malignant tumors other than ameloblastoma. The relationship between simple ameloblastoma, malignant ameloblastoma and other epithelial jaw tumors is discussed.
»Small Intestinal Type« and »Colonic Type« Intestinal Metaplasia of The Human Stomach, and Their Relationship to the Histogenetic Types of Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Teglbjærg P. Stubbe , Nielsen H. Overgård
Published: August 2010

Intestinal metaplasia in the non‐tumour bearing parts of the gastric mucosa was demonstrated in 24 cases in a material consisting of 27 consecutive patients operated for carcinoma of the stomach, Two mucin histochemical types of intestinal metaplasia could be identified. I) »Small intestinal type« which was present in all 24 cases, and which was by far the most dominating type. 2) »Colonic type« which occurred in small foci in the gastric mucosa of 11 cases, and which was significantly more frequent in stomachs bearing tumours of presumed intestinal histogenesis, than in those bearing tumours of presumed non‐intestinal histogenesis.
SEQUENTIAL ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN VINBLASTINE‐INDUCED CELL DEATH OF SECRETORY AMELOBLASTS OF RAT INCISORS IN VIVO
Authors: MOE H.
Published: August 2010

Secretory ameloblasts in the continuously growing incisors of the rat were used to study the sequential changes in a mature cell type degenerating after administration of vinblastine at a dosage of 2 mg per kg body weight. In less than half an hour nearly all microtubules vanished. This was succeeded by progressive displacement of the nuclei and disorganization of the cytoplasmic structure. After 1 to 3 hours attached and free polyribosomes were converted into monoribosomes. All these cytoplasmic changes were seen in viable as well as in necrotic cell. Between 5 and 6 1/2 hours after application of the drug degeneration of nuclei began; these changes from the outset indicated that a particular ameloblast had been drawn into a sequence of events which would ultimately lead to its death. The progressive alterations of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the degenerating cells and the concurrent fragmentation and elimination of the fragments are described.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF NEPHROPATHIA EPIDEMICA CELL NUCLEI IN KIDNEY BIOPSIES
Authors: COLLAN Y. , LÄHDEVIRTA J.
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural changes in cell nuclei were studied in kidney biopsies from 18 patients suffering from Nephropathia epidemica. Three patients showed small nuclear particles in a large aggregate in a few cells of the distal tubule. The particles had a diameter of about 30 nm and their occurrence was not associated with intravenous glucose infusions. Large light nuclear bodies were numerous in the nuclei of both interstitial and tubular cells. Many showed strands of darker material about 35 nm in diameter at their center. Nuclear vesicles with varying amounts of membrane debris were seen in both tubular and interstitial cells. Occasional interstitial lymphocytes showed abnormal margination of chromatin. Of the changes observed the small nuclear particles are not found in kidney biopsies in other conditions and it is possible that they are aggregates of viral protein.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIPOSARCOMA
Authors: KINDBLOM LARS‐GUNNAR , SÄVE‐SÖDERBERGH JOHAN
Published: August 2010

An ultrastructural study of 10 liposarcomas is reported. Four of the liposarcomas were wholly or predominantly of well‐differentiated, lipoma‐like or fibrosing type, 3 of myxoid type, 2 of round cell type and 1 of pleomorphic type. The well‐differentiated, lipoma‐like liposarcomas showed cells with a few, large lipid droplets, few organelles and a peripherally located, fairly large nucleus. The well‐differentiated liposarcomas of fibrosing type revealed mostly spindle‐shaped, fibroblast‐like cells, with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and inconspicuous lipid inclusions, surrounded by collagen. One well‐differentiated liposarcoma contained an area which was similar to brown adipose tissue and hibernoma. The spindle and stellate shaped cells of the myxoid liposarcomas showed abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and large smooth‐membraned vacuoles filled with moderately dense amorphous material, which appeared to be extruded extracellularly by rupture of the vacuoles. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets were seen in most cells but were much less prominent than in the well‐differentiated lipoma‐like liposarcomas. Ultrastructurally there were many similarities between the myxoid and round cell liposarcoma, indicating a close relationship between the two types. The pleomorphic liposarcoma revealed cells with one or more large, irregular nuclei, numerous large vacuoles after dissolved lipids, abundant dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and rounded, electron‐dense bodies corresponding to PAS‐positive hyalin globules seen in the light microscope. The ultrastructural study suggests that the variegated cellular appearance of the different subtypes of liposarcoma reflects the wide cellular spectrum seen during the differentiation of adipose tissue and supports the view that al liposarcomas histogenetically represent a single entity.
FOCAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL INJURY IN RABBIT AORTA, AGGRAVATION OF INJURY BY 2 DAYS OF CHOLESTEROL FEEDING
Authors: SVENDSEN EINAR
Published: August 2010

A randomized morphometric study of »spontaneous« endothelial cell injury in rabbit aorta was performed blindly. Four different areas of the aorta were sampled in a standardized fashion and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The finding of protruding endothelial cells was taken as sign of injury. The endothelial cell injury was focal and, in the sampled areas, particularly prevalent in the distal part of the lesser curvature of the aortic arch and the distal lip of intercostal artery orifices. In the area between two intercostal artery orifices on the same side of the midline injured cells were only exceptionally found. Rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 2 days showed an increase in protruding cells, particularly at the intercostal artery orifices. It is concluded that the endothelial cell injury in rabbit aorta may be caused by local factors, determining the focal nature, and by systemic factors, such as acute hypercholesterolemia.
RESPONSE OF PULMONARY (CIRCULATING) MEGAKARYOCYTES TO EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CONSUMPTION COAGULOPATHY IN RABBITS
Authors: HANSEN KNUD BENDIX , AABO KRISTIAN , MYHRE‐JENSEN OLAF
Published: August 2010

The effects of slow temporary infusion of a tissue thromboplastin solution into the superior vena cava on pulmonary as well as circulating megakaryocytes were studied in 40 rabbits (2–48 hours after infusion) and related to 6 noninfused and 7 infused with normal saline. This is a simple and specific method of inducing a fall in blood platelet levels and thereby an activation of thrombocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. The induced intravascular coagulation is probably counterbalanced by an activated fibrinolysis allowing the animals to survive the infusion and thereby offering the possibility of studying the long‐term effects. An increase to about 300% of the normal values in circulating as well as pulmonary megakaryocytes was found 20 and 24 hours after the onset of the infusions respectively. The number of circulating and pulmonary megakaryocytes, showing great individual variations, however, dropped to normal levels within 28 hours after onset of the infusions, which means that megakaryocytes remain detectable for less than eight hours in the lungs. No increase was found in pulmonary megakaryocytes in the control (saline infused) group. In our opinion the entrance of megakaryocytes from the bone marrow into the blood circulation is an incidental event, the number in the circulation reflecting the activity of megakaryocytopoiesis. This experiment supports our suggestion that intravascular coagulation is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms leading to an increase in pulmonary megakaryocytes.
EFFECTS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ON OPEN, GRANULATING SKIN WOUNDS IN RATS
Authors: WIE HENRIK , BRUASET INGOLV , ECKERSBERG THOMAS
Published: August 2010

The effect of cyclophosphamide on the healing of open cutaneous wounds was studied in rats. Following intraperitoneal injections of 25 mg/kg body weight every second day for 9 days, only about 7% of the wounds were completely covered by epithelium after 15 days, whereas in the control animals 60% of the wounds were completely epithelialized. Measurements of wound diameters in circular skin wounds revealed unhealed wound areas in the drugtreated animals which were significantly larger than those of the control animals. Cyclophosphamide was found to reduce the occurrence of H3‐labelled cells in the granulation tissue when evaluated after 11 days. At 15 days there was no difference in the labelling frequency between treated and control animals, indicating reversal of the drug effect.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND ABILITY TO RELEASE RENIN IN AUTO‐ AND ALLOTRANSPLANTS OF MOUSE SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS
Authors: FAARUP POUL , BING JENS
Published: August 2010

In mice having a high renin content in the submaxillary glands allo‐ and autotransplantation of the gland showed identical histological changes of the tissue, comprising disappearance of acini and intercalated ducts as well as a reduction in the number and size of granules in the granulated ducts. No structural signs of rejection were found. Adenomas, possibly originating in the granulated ducts, were frequently present in the transplanted glands. The renin content of autotransplanted glands was invariably much higher than in allotransplants, and after noradrenaline injection renin was released only from autotransplants, never from allotransplants. Blockade of the renin system was accordingly followed by a decrease in blood pressure only in mice with autotransplants.
A RETROSPECTIVE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF 669 CASES OF PRIMARY CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA IN CLINICAL STAGE I
Authors: LARSEN TOVE EEG , GRUDE TOVE HELLIESEN
Published: August 2010

A selected series of primary malignant melanoma of the skin, clinical stage I, was originally classified according to Clark's system. The consistency of this classification was tested by two Brisbane pathologists who indicated that we had misinterpreted some cases of superficial spreading malignant melanoma as lentigo maligna melanoma. We have therefore reclassified the original group of 86 lentigo maligna melanomas. This resulted in a total series of 37 (5.5.%) lentigo maligna melanomas, 301 (45%) superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 194 (29%) nodular malignant melanomas (unchanged) and 137 (20.5%) unclassifiable malignant melanomas. The diagnosis of lentigo maligna melanoma was not made unless the epidermis was atrophic and dermal solar elastosis was present. The new group of lentigo maligna melanomas is dominated by cases on the head among patients over 50 years of age (especially women). This is in better agreement with other studies than our previous findings. The relationship with tumour cell type, pigmentation, mitotic count, atypia, transsectional profile, level of invasion, ulceration, vascular invasion, lymphocyte infiltration and prognosis shown by the new groups of lentigo maligna melanoma and superficial spreading malignant melanoma indicates that the cases by which the diagnosis has been changed are relatively benign. Our previous conclusions are still valid. The lentigo maligna melanoma is still the most benign type and the nodular malignant melanoma still the most malignant type of melanoma. The superficial spreading malignant melanoma still represents an intermediate tumour type, although it has deviated in the benign direction.
AMYLOID‐LIKE GREEN BIREFRINGENCE IN CYTOSKELETAL 10 nm FILAMENTS AFTER STAINING WITH CONGO RED
Authors: LINDER E. , LEHTO V.‐P. , VIRTANEN I.
Published: August 2010

The commonly accepted markers for amyloid are a fibrillar ultrastructure and congophilia combined with green birefringence when viewed under polarized light. Although a number of cells have been implicated in amyloid formation the detailed events leading to accumulation of amyloid are still unknown. Previous studies have suggested that amyloid shares antigenic properties with cytoskeletal intermediate (10 nm) filaments and connective tissue microfibrils. In the present study we show that such filaments present in fibroblasts and lymphoid cells have an affinity for Congo red, exhibit the typical green birefringence and are ultrastructurally indistinguishable from amyloid fibrils. Intermediate filaments of cultured fibroblasts depleted of nutrient medium retained the Congo red birefringent property and typical ultrastructure despite cell damage. Our observations suggest that amyloid deposits may form locally through abnormal accumulation of bundles of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments under conditions characterized by increased cell proliferation and death.
LOCAL ARTICULAR AMYLOID DEPOSITION IN PYROPHOSPHATE ARTHRITIS
Authors: TEGLBJÆRG PETER STUBBE , LADEFOGED CHRISTIAN , SØRENSEN K HARRY , CHRISTENSEN HANS EWALD
Published: August 2010

A material of 15 cases of histologically examined pyrophosphate arthritis (hip‐joint: 7 cases, knee joint: 8 cases) is presented. Amyloid deposits were found in 14 cases and chondromatosis in the subsynovial connective tissue of all the cases. The significance of this high, not previously reported, coincidence is discussed, together with various pathogenetic possibilities, as related to the theories of the genesis of amyloid substance.
GLOMERULAR IMMUNE DEPOSITS IN KIDNEYS FROM PATIENTS WITH NO CLINICAL OR LIGHT MICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Assessment of the Influence of Autolysis on Identification of Immunoglobulins and Complement
Authors: LARSEN SVEND
Published: August 2010

Using a direct fluorescent staining technique, immunofluorescent microscopy (IFM) demonstrated glomerular deposits of IgG and IgM and/or fractions of complement in kidney tissue from 24% of 33 patients examined post mortem and in 39% of kidney biopsies obtained from 23 patients on lithium treatment. All the patients investigated had a normal blood pressure. There was no evidence of glomerulonephritis (GN) neither clinically, at light microscopy, nor on laboratory investigation. These »spontaneously« deposited immunoglobulins and complement fractions in glomeruli will obviously be demonstrated in kidney biopsies from patients with GN, even though they bear no relation to the disease. This will therefore preclude an immunopathological classification which relates to histological and clinical findings. A control study of the IFM findings in glomeruli on 13 surgically removed kidneys showed optimal identification and no further glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins during the 72 hours following nephrectomy, at temperatures below 10° C. C1q and C3 were less stable and were only demonstrated with certainty up to 24 hours after nephrectomy.
HEPATIC CHANGES IN LATE CANINE ENDOTOXIN SHOCK
Authors: NORDSTOGA KNUT , AASEN ANSGAR O.
Published: August 2010

The patho‐morphological lesions in the liver in late stages of canine endotoxin shock were studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic lesions included sinusoidal dilatations, with accumulation of red cells and leucocytes, varying damage of the sinusoidal lining, microthrombi and widening of the space of Disse. Necrotic foci were in some cases recognized within a varying number of lobuli, at times in the centrilobular areas. Electron microscopy revealed severe hepatocytic damage. These lesions included formation of blebs and other surface protrusions corresponding to cytoplasmic ecdysis. The resulting cytoplasmic fragments seemed frequently to enter the sinusoids. It is suggested that the severe disturbances observed in the proteolytic enzyme systems of plasma during endotoxin shock are influenced by the hepatic parenchymal changes observed.
MITOTIC ACTIVITY AND DELAY IN FIXATION OF TUMOUR TISSUE
Authors: GRÆM NIELS , HELWEG‐LARSEN KARIN
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of delay in fixation on the mitotic activity in tumour tissue. A human osteogenic sarcoma, especially suitable for counting of mitoses, grown in athymic nude mice, was fixed with varying delay and the mitotic, prophase, metaphase and ana‐telophase indices were determined. An almost exponential decline of the mitotic index was observed with a reduction to 49.4% and 15.0% after respectively 60 and 180 minutes. The proportional incidence of prophases, metaphases and ana‐telophases changed so that a relative accummulation of advanced phases occured during the 180 minutes of observation. It is concluded that delay in fixation of a magnitude, which is not uncommon in routine surgical pathology, may allow the majority of mitoses to terminate, resulting in unreliable assessments of mitotic activity.
THE ANAL TRANSITIONAL ZONE
Authors: FENGER CLAUS
Published: August 2010

The location and extent of the anal transitional zone (ATZ) were investigated in the age group typical for anal canal carcinomas. The methods used were macroscopic determination after whole‐mount staining with Alcian‐dyes as well as conventional histological technique. The results show that the epithelial variants may be found over a larger area than previously reported, namely from 6 mm below to 20 mm above the dentate line. Variations in location and extent of the ATZ are described, as well as the frequent finding of mature squamous epithelium high in the anal canal. The significance of the findings in relation to the special types of anal canal carcinomas is discussed, and on the basis of the macroscopic definition of the anal canal, as well as the histological observations in this study, it is proposed that anal canal carcinomas should be defined as tumours partly or totally located within a distance of 2 cm above the dentate line.