bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human in the Loop: Decoding MPD Incidents Using Practical Human Factors
Authors: Kvalo P. E. M. , Duarte M. , Laird E.
Published: September 2024

To err is human. The definition of error is not abstract, error is used as a catch-all term that encompasses the failures of planned actions to achieve their intended outcome. Conversely, the root cause of an error is up to debate and tied to an organization's and/or individual's viewpoint. The old view of Human Error is based on the philosophy that systems are inherently safer than humans and as such by minimizing human interactions and removing them from the loop; the result is a safer-less error-prone system. This inherently identifies humans as the root cause of most errors. The new view is based on the theory that human errors are unavoidable and are a symptom of a systemic problem and rarely the root cause. A focus on the human element is pivotal in the prevention of errors within any given system. The emergence of automated systems decreases individuals' interaction with progressively complex systems while increasing cognitive workloads. These critical processes can often lead to errors if Human Factors are not accounted for.

Most MPD operations include critical human-in-the-loop interactions that must be designed around human factors such as sensory overload, distractibility, input device deficiencies, communication failures, cognitive workloads, time pressure, and fatigue. Understanding the intricacies of Practical Human factors and its role in safe drilling operations will provide a path forward to mitigate errors and identify root causes when they occur.
An Integrated Workflow for Improved Lateral Placement in Underbalanced Coiled Tubing Drilling Operations
Authors: Al Abdrabalnabi H. , Abu Alsaud S. , Malik H.
Published: September 2024

This paper describes an integrated workflow that was developed to identify sweet spot and maximize lateral placement in underbalanced coiled tubing drilling (UBCTD). As fields mature and become more challenging, UBCTD becomes an effective solution to extract hydrocarbon. In some implementations, UBCTD encounters drilling challenges that result in shorter laterals or lower net-to-gross ratio than planned. Effective lateral placement precision in sweet spot is one of the main requirements to optimize productivity of oil and gas reservoirs. The constructed workflow maps key operational indicators extracted from offset wells to drive optimized well placement and maximized gas output.

The workflow involves selecting key indicators from multiple offset wells to identify vertical and spatial variations. These variation profiles are generated based on a pattern and trends with highest success rates across available data. Based on the ideal productivity profile identified and the matched target well placement, the operational plan is then integrated with seismic data to boost lateral placement accuracy across the target. Developed data maps and actual gas rate are assessed to verify placement accuracy, and call for decisions to adjust well trajectory plans in real time.

The introduced solution has demonstrated improvements in lateral placement by utilizing key operational indicators from offset wells data. The workflow was conducted on a synthetic thin carbonate reservoir box, where the generated stratigraphic window was adjusted based on an optimal performance data. The data collected during UBCTD operations was further inverted to enhance and improve operations. The developed workflow pinpoints operations variation and allows steering corrections to place the lateral within the expected target, where gas flow readings will confirm reliability of the operation parameters and thus model robustness and validity.

The process implemented focuses on integrating real-time data to optimize predictive models and avoids drilling non-reservoir footage. In addition, the workflow accounts for time delay challenge between bit position and logging tools in the bottom hole assembly during data acquisition.
Automating Influx Management Envelope (IME) Generation Through Cloud-Based Solutions
Authors: Zhou L. , Liu Y. , Anfinsen B. , Hashemian Y. , Yuan Z. , Gilje A.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on automating the generation of Influx Management Envelopes (IME) for MPD through a digital cloud-based solution, aiming to simplify the process for routine application in drilling operations. The integration of digital cloud-based solutions and parallel computing enhances the efficiency of IME generation by parameterizing various influx scenarios. Utilizing a transient multiphase flow engine, the study establishes kick tolerance thresholds for safe influx volume determination. The analysis includes assessing associated risks during kick circulation using MPD system. Parallel computing ensures faster computations and improved scalability. The combined approach integrates simulation results into an operational envelope for safer decision-making. The study emphasizes the importance of applying and enforcing company well control policies, integrating corporate rules into every simulation for adherence to established guidelines and maintain a consistent and standardized approach to well control practices. Collaborative workflows are highlighted as essential, fostering seamless teamwork, communication, and coordination. The integration of a collaborative framework enables effective sharing of expertise and contributes significantly to a comprehensive understanding of drilling operations. Additionally, the capability to review and approve simulations within this environment enhances accountability, quality control, and adherence to industry best practices in MPD.
Valorization of Green Market Waste as a Renewable Energy Source
Authors: Ozmihci Serpil , Hacıoğlu İlknur , Karapınar İlgi , Küs Meltem
Published: September 2024

High organic carbon wastes can be used for biofuel production for reducing raw material costs. Green market wastes (GMW) are one of the raw material candidates to generate biofuel by fermentation with low-cost production and high yield of fuel formation. Biohydrogen and biomethane are potential gaseous energy sources that can be obtained through sequential fermentation of GMW. In this study, the ground and hydrolyzed GWM (a mixture of lettuce, parsley, spring onion, and dill) solid-liquid mixture was first valorized for biohydrogen, then the organic acid-rich residue of biohydrogen fermentation was subjected to biomethane production. Biohydrogen and biomethane was produced at mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) temperatures. The initial GWM amount varied between 1000-5000 g wb at mesophilic biohydrogen production. The highest cumulative hydrogen formation (CHF) and the rate were obtained at 5000 g wb as CHF=8.9 L and 916 mL H2 /L day, respectively. Thermophilic biohydrogen fermentation was conducted at 1000 and 5000 g wb and CHF reached to 14.2 L at 5000 g wb GMW. The yield of hydrogen formation was 1.6 times higher at thermophilic than that of mesophilic conditions. The residues from two fermentation temperatures of 5000 g wb GMW were used to produce biomethane under both fermentation conditions. Mesophilic and thermophilic conditions resulted in cumulative biomethane formations (CMFs) of 8.3 L and 5.8 L, and biomethane production yields of 0.17 mL CH4/g VFA and 0.13 mL CH4/g VFA, respectively. The findings revealed that GMW is a suitable substrate for efficient biohydrogen and biomethane production.
THE HIGHLY EFFICIENT BiOCl/KBiO3 p-n HETEROJUNCTION PHOTO-CATALYSTS UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Qiong , Vu Van P. , Park Beom S. , Ma Shuo , Zhang Heng Q.
Published: September 2024

BiOCl/KBiO3 p-n heterostructures with hierarchical mesoporous architectures were successfully synthesized via a facile in situ method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicate the formation of heterojunctions between BiOCl and KBiO3. The photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared samples was investigated by the degradation of dye Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. BiOCl/KBiO3 composite has never been used to photodegrade the RhB which is a common dye and very difficult to degrade. The results demonstrated that KBiO3 combined with proper amount of BiOCl nanosheets exhibited high efficiency in the photocatalytic process, and BiOCl/KBiO3 with the molar ratio of 70/30 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity due to its large surface area, excellent charge separation characteristics and the suppressed recombination of electron-hole pairs. The results of active species detection reveal that the superoxide radical anions (O2-), hydroxyl free radicals (·OH), photogenerated holes (h+) and photogenerated electrons (e-) reactive species work together for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. A possible and new mechanism of photocatalysis that differs from other teams was also explored and proposed. The present study will benefit the development of the new p-n heterojunction photocatalysts and would be of great importance to meet ever-increasing environmental demands in the future.
A Comprehensive examination of utilizing neutrosophic parameters in manufacturing industry through queueing approach
Authors: B Logapriya , D Vidhya , A Shobana , V Nirmala , P Gayathri
Published: September 2024

Queueing theory plays a pivotal role in analyzing the dynamics of manufacturing systems subject to random arrivals and service times. The M/G/1 queueing model, which represents a single-server queue with general distributions for inter-arrival and service times, is fundamental in this regard. However, traditional queueing models often fail to account for the inherent uncertainties encountered in real-world manufacturing scenarios. Neutrosophic theory provides a robust framework for modeling indeterminacy, ambiguity, and inconsistency in queueing parameters, thereby offering a more adaptable and precise depiction of system behavior. This research investigates the utilization of Neutrosophic sets in defining arrival rates, service times, and queue length distributions within the M/G/1 framework tailored to manufacturing settings. By employing numerical examples and comparative analyses, the study explores the effects of Neutrosophic parameters on key performance indicators such as mean waiting time, queue length distribution, and server utilization, considering distributions like Exponential, Erlang, and Deterministic. Additionally, it delves into the implications of integrating Neutrosophic parameters into queueing theory, providing valuable insights into improved decision-making and system optimization across various manufacturing operational contexts.
FILM GOOD BYE, LENIN! IN TEACHING GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Stojsavljević Divac Maša Đ.
Published: September 2024

A film in foreign language teaching has multiple functions and, with appropriate processing, can fulfil many different goals. The most important thing when using film in foreign language teaching is the realisation of educational and pedagogical goals. In this way, in addition to independent learning, another goal is achieved, which is the preparation of students for further independent life. The aim of this paper is to analyse the film "Good bye, Lenin!", which represents a good starting point for integration into the teaching of the German language, as it fulfils all the above-mentioned teaching objectives. The value of this film is also reflected in the fact that, after watching and analysing the film, the students better understand the material, the historical and cultural background, and that this can, in many ways, help them in their later interaction with members of that culture.
ТЕМПОРАЛНИ ГЕНИТИВ У ГОВОРУ СЛАТИНСКОГ КРАЈА КОД БАЊАЛУКЕ (РЕПУБЛИКА СРПСКА)
Authors: М. Црњак Дијана , М. Савић Биљана
Published: September 2024

У раду су издвојени синтаксичко-семантички модели темпоралног генитива са значењем темпоралне идентификације – временске локализације (симултаност и сукцесивност) и темпоралне квантификације, и то темпоралне квантификације у ужем смислу (лонгитудиналност, терминативност и ингресивност) и темпоралне фреквенције (регуларност). Издвојена су типична временска значења с генитивом: значење непосредне темпоралне локализације без представе о протоку времена, уз присуство обиљежја процесуалност (-): усред / почетком / у концу / концем + генитив; значење непосредне темпоралне локализације с представом о протоку времена, уз присуство обиљежја процесуалност (+): преко/ за вријеме + генитив; значење непосредне временске локализације необиљежене у погледу представе о протоку времена, уз присуство обиљежја процесуалност (+/-): код + генитив; значење непосредне временске локализације с обиљежјем актуализације: овај, неки, један, исти, прошли, први, други + генитив; значење неодређене посредне временске локализације с обиљежјем линеарне циркумлативности: око + генитив; значење одређене посредне временске локализације – временска антериорност: прије/уочи/испред + генитив и временска постериорност: послије/иза + генитив. Значење темпоралне квантификације у ужем смислу реализује се као лонгитудиналност: читав/цијели + генитив, ингресивност: од + генитив и терминативност: до + генитив, док је темпорална фреквенција потврђена у значењу регуларности: сваки + генитив. Корпус је прикупљен приликом теренског истраживања говора слатинског краја, на сјеверозападу Републике Српске. Приликом анализе поредили смо забиљежене аспекте временског односа исказане генитивом са стањем у сродним говорима херцеговачко-крајишког дијалекта.
TRADURRE REALIA: DUE TRADUZIONI ITALIANE DEL DIZIONARIO DEI CHAZARI A CONFRONTO
Authors: Đ. Pravuljac Anja
Published: September 2024

Il presente articolo indaga alcuni problemi di traduzione letteraria da una prospettiva contrastiva attraverso l’analisi lessicale delle due traduzioni italiane del romanzo Dizionario dei Chazari di Milorad Pavić. Il contributo si propone di esaminare le sfide legate al trasferimento degli elementi culturali e alla scelta del metodo traduttivo in situazioni in cui due culture sono lontane una dall’altra. Questo sarà fatto analizzando la traduzione di Branka Ničija del 1988 e quella di Alice Parmeggiani del 2020. Attraverso un’analisi comparativa del lessico originale e di quello utilizzato nelle due traduzioni, si cercherà di investigare se, a causa di una distanza temporale di trentadue anni tra i due testi di arrivo, emergano differenze nel trattamento dei realia della cultura di partenza nella lingua di arrivo. In altre parole, si verificherà se nella traduzione più recente del romanzo di Pavić si manifesti un'intenzione di preservare gli elementi culturali originali. Questo approccio consentirà di esplorare come le scelte lessicali nelle traduzioni italiane riflettano le sfumature culturali e come i cambiamenti avvenuti nel tempo possano influenzare l’uso del metodo traduttivo nel mantenere la fedeltà ai contenuti culturali del testo originale.
PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF ANCIENT QUOTATIONS IN THE PORTRAITURE OF THE RENAISSANCE ERA
Authors: Lazer-Pankiv Olesia Vasylivna , Vasylivna Korolova Nataliia
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of quotations from ancient authors’ works in the form of inscriptions on secular portraits of the Renaissance period. It outlines the cultural and historical prerequisites that determined the peculiarities of portrait painting development in this period as well as the use of Latin inscriptions therein. The key underlying role in cultural development of this period played the change of religious and philosophical paradigm, the general cultural humanistic orientation of the era, as well as the revival of classical ancient ideas. These factors ultimately determined the selection and application of Latin inscriptions in the Renaissance portraiture. This paper analyses the grammatical features (change in the grammatical design of individual quotation elements) and structural transformations (abbreviation or, conversely, supplementation) of the ancient quotations on portraits depending on their respective functional load, which the painters availed themselves of, in order to explicitly convey their artistic intention. The article scrutinizes various semantic transformations undergone by ancient quotations in terms of their use in a completely different (as regards to the original text) cultural context. It also offers general description of the functional semantics of ancient quotations on secular portraits of the Renaissance period.
ГРАЈСОВ ПРИНЦИП КООПЕРАТИВНОСТИ У ДРАМИ ПИГМАЛИОН ЏОРЏА БЕРНАРДА ШОА
Authors: С. Обрадовић Светлана
Published: September 2024

Рад се бави анализом степена одступања од Грајсових максима кооперативности у драми Пигмалион ирског драмског писца Џорџа Бернарда Шоа. Сврсисходност истраживања јесте утврђивање које се максиме крше, колико често, као и које реторичке стратегије и подмаксиме доминирају код појединачних врста максима. Унутар оваквог квалитативног истраживања, заснованог на дескриптивној анализи пронађено је 111 драмских дијалога у којима су се јавили различити облици огрешења о четири максиме. Анализа је показала како је максима квалитета прекршена у 54,05% случајева, при чему метафора чини најплоднију стратегију будући да метафорички пренос значења представља одлику књижевноумјетничког стила. Пронађено је 13,51% драмских дијалога у којима ликови дају ирелевантне одговоре или производе реплике које су неприлагођене теми разговора. Максима квантитета слиједи максиму истинитости с процентуалним удјелом од 22,51%, док су ликови у 9,09% случајева били нејасни, односно двосмислени. Оваква огрешења не угрожавају успјешност комуникације, већ су одраз пишчеве креативности и средство изражавања дубоког сарказма, малограђанства, површности људског духа и лицемјерства.
KAPITALIZIRANJE VIŠEJEZIČNOSTI TIJEKOM STUDIJA: JEZIČNOBIOGRAFSKO ISTRAŽIVANJE MEĐU STUDENTIMA U EUROPI
Authors: Iveković Tihana , Rončević Ivana
Published: September 2024

Pred sve jačim pritiscima globalizacije i migracija višejezičnost se pojavljuje kao uobičajen, ali nedovoljno istražen fenomen u akademskom kontekstu. Ova studija ispituje utjecaj višejezičnosti na sveučilišna iskustva učenja, istražujući njegov utjecaj na akademski uspjeh, društvenu interakciju, osobni razvoj i izglede za budućnost. Koristeći pristup mješovitih metoda, koji se sastoji od upitnika i jezične biografije, studija je uključila pet višejezičnih ispitanica u različitim situacijama učenja: (1) situacije učenja vođene profesorom, (2) situacije učenja temeljene na medijima, (3) situacije praktičnog učenja, (4) situacije učenja kroz interakciju, (5) situacije učenja usmjerene na osobnost i kontekst i (6) situacije učenja usmjerene na budućnost. Sve ispitanice svoje višejezične vještine percipirale su kao važne i vrijedne u globaliziranom iskustvu studiranja i na međunarodnom tržištu rada. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu sagledavanja višejezičnosti ne samo kao društvene norme, već i u vidu njenih obrazovnih prednosti, sugerirajući da bi visokoškolske ustanove trebale strateški kapitalizirati od jezične raznolikosti u svrhu pozitivnih učinaka na akademske i društvene rezultate. U zaključku se ističe da višejezičnost značajno doprinosi različitim situacijama učenja u visokom obrazovanju i nudi prednosti za budući profesionalni razvoj.
АНАЛИЗА СТАВОВА СТУДЕНАТА АНГЛИСТИКЕ У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ О ПРЕВОДИМА ИНДИРЕКТНИХ ГОВОРНИХ ЧИНОВА С ЕНГЛЕСКОГ НА МАТЕРЊИ ЈЕЗИК
Authors: С. Марковић Сузана
Published: September 2024

У раду се анализирају ставови студената англистике у Босни и Херцеговини о преводу индиректних говорних чинова на матерњи језик. Индиректни говорни чинови специфични су као културолошки феномен којим се  постиже језички испољена учтивост и својственији су англоамеричкој култури, док балканске земље више преферирају директније видове комуникације. Циљ радајесте да се испита како студенти англистике перципирају питање превођења индиректних говорних чинова, односно да ли је нужно држати се индиректне, најчешће упитне реченичне форме при преводу са језика извора на језик циљ или је неопходно укључити и неке друге параметре, као што је контекст, ниво формалности комуникације, релације међу саговорницима и слично. Да бисмо спровели ово истраживање, оформили смо електронски упитник који смо дистрибуирали студентима свих година студија и мастер програма у неколико универзитетских центара у Босни и Херцеговини. Закључак до ког смо дошли  није једнообразан и не може се рећи да студенти англистике апсолутно и у свимконтекстима заговарају задржавање индиректне форме нити нужну експликацију илокуционе снаге индиректног исказа.
NAVIGATING SOLITARY CONFINEMENT IN RUTH FIRST’S 117 DAYS
Authors: E. Sotunsa Mobolanle , Isaiah Adesina Oluwagbemiro
Published: September 2024

Despite benefiting greatly from apartheid, a small number of white South Africans decided to join the war being waged by black South Africans because they were revolted and appalled by the system’s abuses. These people renounced the privileges bestowed upon them by the apartheid regime to devote their lives to fighting injustice and attaining their objective of a free and democratic South Africa for all. One of these white anti-apartheid activists is Ruth First, a journalist, who was detained under the 90-Day Law in 1963 and was kept in solitary confinement for 117 days. Given that research indicates the practice has widespread detrimental impacts on health, solitary confinement is the harshest penalty that can be legally imposed on detainees and prisoners, apart from the death sentence. This study undertakes a literary analysis of Ruth First’s prison memoir, 117 Days: An Account of Confinement and Interrogation under the South African Ninety-Day Detention Law. It examines her experience of solitary confinement, response, and adaptability to such confinement using Gresham Sykes’ deprivation theory. The memoir provides an insight into the harmful effects of imprisonment in general and solitary confinement in particular.
LATE MODERN ANXIETY AND DIGITAL JIHADIST ALTERNATIVE IN ANNA ERELLE’S IN THE SKIN OF A JIHADIST AND TIMUR BEKMAMBETOV’S PROFILE
Authors: Bajraktarević Faruk
Published: September 2024

For almost a decade, ISIS has held the status of the West’s radical other, its symbolic and real challenge to the western idea of modernity becoming ever more prominent and threatening with a growing accessibility of online propaganda content and recruitment via social media platforms in a largely unregulated social networking environment. In that context, the paper discusses Anna Erelle’s book In the Skin of a Jihadist and its film adaptation Profile as two distinct but complementary visions of the West and its other. My argument is that Timur Bekmambetov’s adaptation, as a Baumanesque critical reading of the West’s late modernity, is supplemental to the original text and its liberal views of jihadist otherness. Profile thus views the West and ISIS as two universalist visions of the world so that by facing the dangerous alterity on the computer screen, the West should not only see the morally inferior enemy to be exposed, transformed or eventually defeated but the reflection of its own late modern failures, disappointments and frustrations.
ИТАЛИЈАНСКА КУЛТУРА КАО БРЕНД У ЈЕДНОМ УЏБЕНИКУ ИТАЛИЈАНСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА А1 НИВО
Authors: Павловић Јовановић Јелена М. , А. Фери Ане
Published: September 2024

У раду се бавимо анализом италијанске културе као бренда у уџбенику Chiaro! за А1 ниво. У анализи комбинујемо достигнућа семиотике са истраживањима културе у уџбеницима страног језика. Брендирање нације укључује различите елементе од традиције, хране и пића, културних дестинација, па све до елемената свакодневне културе. Квалитативном методом анализирали смо италијанску културу као бренд у првих пет лекција уџбеника намењеног почетном нивоу усвајања италијанског језика код одраслих полазника. Анализом је утврђено да се италијанска култура као бренд препознаје у географским локацијама (море, планине), јелу и пићу, моди, високој култури (музика, музеји), породици и дружењу. Приказивање италијанске културе има утилитарну функцију, али се повремено остварује и лудичко-естетичка функција, посебно када се обрађују различита веровања. Након сваке лекције следе пажљиво одабрана питања која за циљ имају да пробуде асоцијације на италијанску културу, да укажу на разлике између италијанске и културе ученика, али и да ученику олакшају комуникацију на страном језику. Нарочита вредност уџбеника јесте издвојен сегмент лекције посвећен култури, који се налази на крају сваке тематске јединице.
THE CULTURAL FACTORS IN SHAPING IMAGE FOR SIGN LEXICALISATION
Authors: Luhur Wedayanti Ni Putu , Poetri Lintangsari Alies
Published: September 2024

Food as part of a society’s culture constitutes a cultural aspect that is quite capable of representing the customs of society as well as the dynamics of social and economic changes that occur in society. With this general background, this paper aims to examine the basis of image selection of food signs in Kata Kolok sign language. The qualitative method of analysis is used with a focus on the linguistic phenomenon that exist in the deaf community of Bengkala village, northern part of Bali Island. The data used in this study were collected from Kata Kolok corpus data available at www.signbank.ru.nl. From the available sign data, this study focuses on food signs data, which is then classified into traditional food and non-traditional food. From the results, it can be claimed that the deaf community of Bengkala village chose how to make food as an image that was selected to be a sign for traditional food because people in the village have good traditional knowledge about processing those foods. Meanwhile, the image chosen as a representation of non-traditional food is the appearance of the food.
ВАЖАН ДОПРИНОС СЛАВИСТИЧКЕ ЛИНГВИСТИКЕ
Authors: G.Iliev Ivan
Published: September 2024

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БАШТИНА ИМЕНА: ЛИЧНИ НАДИМЦИ СРБА СА КОСОВА И МЕТОХИЈЕ
Authors: V. Zaputil Marija
Published: September 2024

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Comprehensive insight on multidrug resistance and virulence genes of ESBL-producing E. coli from different surface water sources in Bangladesh
Authors: Mou Taslin Jahan , Sumon Sazzad Hossain , Nupur Nasrin Akter , Sharif Nadim , Islam Md. Fokhrul , Dey Shuvra Kanti , Parvez Md. Anowar Khasru
Published: September 2024

Environmental dissemination of multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as a global concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh where the waste disposal system is inadequate. The present investigation was intended to comprehend the drug resistance and virulence pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in surface water samples of Bangladesh, which are adjoining poultry farms, agricultural fields, pharmaceutical companies, and textile industries. A total of 61 E. coli with ESBL production were identified from 16 water samples based on phenotypic and genotypic approaches. MDR was observed in 96% (n = 59) of the isolates with the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index in the range of 0.3–0.9. The most prevalent MDR phenotype was non-susceptible to Ampicillin–Azithromycin–Nalidixic acid, with the highest percentage in the isolates from samples near agricultural fields. The frequencies of three ESBL resistance genes were detected as blaTEM (63%), blaCTX-M-13 (60%), and blaSHV (14%). Approximately 11% of the E. coli isolates were revealed as virulent gene positive, with the predominant one (eagg) specific for Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). This study implies that the aquatic environment could be a potent means of exposure and transmission of bacterial antibiotic resistance and their genetic determinants in Bangladesh.
Rainfall dynamics of agro-climatic zones in the Green Revolution belt of India
Authors: Muruganandham Ashika , Singh Jitender Mohan
Published: September 2024

The Green Revolution belt of India, comprising Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, has been a significant contributor to self-sufficiency in food grain production, thereby boosting the agricultural growth of the country. Agriculture, in general, is heavily reliant on monsoon patterns. In recent decades, climate change has led to shifts in these patterns, increasing the likelihood of extreme rainfall events such as droughts and floods. The present study analyses the annual and seasonal rainfall trends in the Green Revolution belt, categorised into agroclimatic zones, estimated by utilising the extensive repository of rainfall data obtained from the CHRS Data Portal pertaining to the geographical coordinates of each district. The study employs non-parametric Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimates to evaluate rainfall trends from 1983 to 2022. The findings indicate a discernible upward trend in rainfall across all zones except Zone 1 of Punjab, with the southwest monsoon emerging as the predominant source of precipitation in the area. The study highlights the need for water resource management in the Green Revolution belt as it is crucial for effectively harnessing the escalating rainfall in the region, particularly in view of concerns surrounding depleting groundwater levels.
Transcriptional profiling elucidates biofilm functionality in the dynamic environment of an enhanced biological phosphorus removal reactor
Authors: Villard Didrik , Snipen Lars , Rudi Knut , Branders Sverre , Saltnes Torgeir , Eikås Sondre , Johansen Wenche
Published: September 2024

Recently, biofilms, complex and dynamic structures of microorganisms, have been applied to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), a wastewater treatment configuration dependent on cyclic shifts between anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In this study, comparative metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were performed on biofilms collected from seven sites of a moving-bed-biofilm-reactor-based EBPR process. The aim was to examine the functional ecology of phosphorus-accumulating biofilms throughout a single EBPR cycle. Taxonomic profiling revealed high microbial diversity, stable throughout the EBPR cycle. The dominant phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) were identified as Candidatus accumulibacter, Candidatus phosphoribacter, and Candidatus lutibacillus. However, these did not show the highest transcriptional activities. Propionivibrio, a glycogen-accumulating organism, was the most transcriptionally active. Comparative analysis of biofilms from different EBPR stages showed a progressive change in metatranscriptome composition, correlating with nutrient removal. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in abundant PAOs revealed key genes associated with the uptake of phosphorus, degradation of glycogen, biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates, and acetate production. In conclusion, this study reveals that biofilms possess the capability to adapt to environmental fluctuations primarily through alterations in microbial gene expression activity and subsequent metabolic modulation, and dominant taxa may not necessarily exhibit the highest transcriptional activity in complex microbial communities.
Desafíos del sector agrícola ante cambio climático en el Caribe seco colombiano
Authors: Aguirre Forero Sonia , Piraneque Nelson , Morón Cárdenas Jaime Alberto
Published: September 2024

El desarrollo rural, es producto de política pública y teóricamente es la construcción colectiva que moviliza recursos para impulsar el nivel de vida de las comunidades; así, identificar las principales particularidades ambientales y socioeconómicas, permitirá conocer dificultades y proyectar el desarrollo del sector agrícola. El objetivo fue caracterizar y analizar 240 unidades productivas (UP) rurales de pequeños agricultores ante la incidencia del cambio climático para delinear las estrategias de adaptación. Mediante revisión bibliográfica sistemática con análisis en red de coocurrencia, se establecieron conexiones entre entidades, agrupamiento de áreas específicas y análisis socio ambiental con enfoque de triangulación (método mixto); por su parte, a través de ficha técnica tipo encuesta, se obtuvo información primaria que se cruzó con datos obtenidos de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis bibliométrico reporto 248 artículos científicos de los cuales, 119 son del área agrícola y resaltan alternativas que permitirán adaptación a fenómenos climáticos. La caracterización de las UP, expuso serias limitaciones, ambientales y socioculturales del territorio, evidenciando degradación y conflicto de usos de suelos, índices de pobreza superiores a la media departamental (73%), carencia y necesidad de infraestructura básica y baja capacidad técnica entre otros, corroborando la alta vulnerabilidad del productor agrícola del Magdalena frente a cambio climático. Ante el diagnóstico establecido es primordial la sostenibilidad ambiental, con inversión integral para fortalecer la economía del agricultor y ordenar social y ambientalmente el territorio.
Fundamentals of legislation in autonomous artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Romanova A. S.
Published: September 2024

The paper proposes a method for defining a dedicated operational context as part of the development and deployment of autonomous corporate governance systems. The case study of autonomous board of directors systems is examined. A significant part of the operational context for the autonomous corporate governance systems consists of the regulatory and legal framework that regulates the company’s operations. A special operational context for autonomous artificial intelligence systems can be defined by simultaneously formulating local regulatory documents in two versions, i.e., to be used by people and by autonomous systems. In such a case, the artificial intelligence system receives a clearly defined operational context that allows such a system to perform its functions with a required operational quality. Local regulations that take into account the specificity of operations involving individuals and autonomous artificial intelligence systems can become the foundation of the relevant legislation that would regulate the development and deployment of autonomous systems.
Increasing the theoretical and practical capacity of the Eastern Operating Domain by means of advanced train separation systems
Authors: Dezhkov M. A. , Tarasov K. A. , Chernin M. A.
Published: September 2024

Aim. Currently, the mainline railway network does not fully meet the market’s needs in terms of capacity, which is why every day JSC RZD is forced to reject 2 to 4% of applications for the transportation of goods across routes passing through limited-capacity railway infrastructure facilities. Increasing the practical capacity of railway lines by building additional tracks at stations and on open lines is unacceptably long and requires massive capital investments. Methods. It is proposed to solve the above problem by increasing the utilization of railway infrastructure by reducing the succession times and station operation times in the traffic schedule by deploying moving block and virtual coupling. This approach allows reducing capital investments up to 32 times and the duration of project implementation up to 8 times with a comparable capacity increase. The paper details the functionality of train separation technology and its technical parameters. Conclusion. The train separation technology has been deployed and is in operation on the Far Eastern, Trans-Baikal, East Siberian, and Krasnoyarsk Railways, branches of JSC RZD, that are part of the Eastern Operating Domain of JSC RZD network. By the end of 2023, the total length of track covered by the train separation solution was 5,734 km. Conclusion. In 2023, the lines of the Eastern Operating Domain handled almost 36 thousand pairs of trains with reduced spacing. The train separation technology also allows improving the safety and the level of digitalisation of the transportation process.
The Impact of Different Types of Social Media Use on the Mental Health of UK Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Yu Yue , Dykxhoorn Jennifer , Plackett Ruth
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have explored the association between social media use and mental health among adolescents. However, few studies using nationally representative longitudinal data have explored this relationship for adults and how the effect might change depending on how people use social media.

Objective

This study investigated the longitudinal relationship between the frequency of viewing and posting on social media and mental health problems among UK adults.

Methods

This study included 15,836 adults (aged 16 years and older) who participated in Understanding Society, a UK longitudinal survey. Social media use was measured with questions about the frequency of viewing social media and posting on social media in Understanding Society Wave 11 (2019-2021). We explored viewing and posting separately, as well as a combined exposure: (1) high viewing, high posting; (2) high viewing, low posting; (3) low viewing, high posting; and (4) low viewing, low posting. Mental health problems were measured in Wave 12 (2020-2022) using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a validated scale for identifying symptoms of common mental health problems, where higher scores indicated more mental health problems (0 to 36). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were estimated for viewing social media and posting on social media, adjusting for the baseline GHQ score, gender, age, ethnicity, employment, and education. We found no evidence for effect modification by gender and age so overall associations were reported.

Results

In our adjusted models, we found no evidence of an association between the frequency of viewing social media and mental health problems in the following year. We found that adults who posted daily on social media had more mental health problems than those who never posted on social media, corresponding to a 0.35-point increase in GHQ score (β=0.35, 95% CI 0.01-0.68; P=.04). When we considered both social media behaviors, we found that those who frequently viewed and posted on social media scored 0.31 points higher on the GHQ score (β=0.31, 95% CI 0.04-0.58; P=.03) in the following year compared to those who rarely viewed or posted on social media.

Conclusions

We found that a high frequency of posting on social media was associated with increased mental health problems a year later. However, we did not find evidence of a similar association based on the frequency of viewing social media content. This provides evidence that some types of active social media use (ie, posting) have a stronger link to mental health outcomes than some types of passive social media use (viewing). These results highlighted that the relationship between social media use and mental health is complex, and more research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these patterns to inform targeted interventions and policies.
Electronic Feedback Alone Versus Electronic Feedback Plus in-Person Debriefing for a Serious Game Designed to Teach Novice Anesthesiology Residents to Perform General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Allison , Goodman Stephanie , Chen Chen Miao , Landau Ruth , Chatterji Madhabi
Published: September 2024

Background

EmergenCSim is a novel researcher-developed serious game (SG) with an embedded scoring and feedback tool that reproduces an obstetric operating room environment. The learner must perform general anesthesia for emergent cesarean delivery for umbilical cord prolapse. The game was developed as an alternative teaching tool because of diminishing real-world exposure of anesthesiology trainees to this clinical scenario. Traditional debriefing (facilitator-guided reflection) is considered to be integral to experiential learning but requires the participation of an instructor. The optimal debriefing methods for SGs have not been well studied. Electronic feedback is commonly provided at the conclusion of SGs, so we aimed to compare the effectiveness of learning when an in-person debrief is added to electronic feedback compared with using electronic feedback alone.

Objective

We hypothesized that an in-person debriefing in addition to the SG-embedded electronic feedback will provide superior learning than electronic feedback alone.

Methods

Novice first-year anesthesiology residents (CA-1; n=51) (1) watched a recorded lecture on general anesthesia for emergent cesarean delivery, (2) took a 26-item multiple-choice question pretest, and (3) played EmergenCSim (maximum score of 196.5). They were randomized to either the control group that experienced the electronic feedback alone (group EF, n=26) or the intervention group that experienced the SG-embedded electronic feedback and an in-person debriefing (group IPD+EF, n=25). All participants played the SG a second time, with instructions to try to increase their score, and then they took a 26-item multiple-choice question posttest. Pre- and posttests (maximum score of 26 points each) were validated parallel forms.

Results

For groups EF and IPD+EF, respectively, mean pretest scores were 18.6 (SD 2.5) and 19.4 (SD 2.3), and mean posttest scores were 22.6 (SD 2.2) and 22.1 (SD 1.6; F1,49=1.8, P=.19). SG scores for groups EF and IPD+EF, respectively, were—mean first play SG scores of 135 (SE 4.4) and 141 (SE 4.5), and mean second play SG scores of 163.1 (SE 2.9) and 173.3 (SE 2.9; F1,49=137.7, P<.001).

Conclusions

Adding an in-person debriefing experience led to greater improvement in SG scores, emphasizing the learning benefits of this practice. Improved SG performance in both groups suggests that SGs have a role as independent, less resource-intensive educational tools.
A Google Trends Analysis of Search Interest for Tender-Headedness and Scalp-Related Concerns
Authors: Obeng-Nyarko Charissa , Barrera Tatiana , Ogunleye Temitayo , Taylor Susan
Published: September 2024

In this Google Trends cross-sectional analysis, we aimed to understand the popularity of tender-headedness by analyzing related Google search queries from January 2013 to December 2022. Since 2013, Google searches on scalp-related concerns, especially those regarding tender-headedness in Black hair culture, have increased, thus uncovering an opportunity for dermatologists to utilize culturally relevant language to address scalp concerns in patients with Afro-textured hair.
Considerations and Challenges in the Application of Large Language Models for Patient Complaint Resolution (Preprint)
Authors: Wei Bin , Hu Xin , Wu XiaoRong
Published: September 2024

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Integrating Generative AI into Art Therapy: A Technical Showcase (Preprint)
Authors: Schmutz Yannis Valentin , Kravchenko Tetiana , Ben Souissi Souhir , Kurpicz-Briki Mascha
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health issues are prevalent and challenging both on a personal and societal level. Art therapy has been a recognized method of treatment, offering patients an expressive and non-verbal way to process emotions. With advancements in digital technologies, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into therapeutic practices has the potential to enhance accessibility and effectiveness. However, the application of generative AI within art therapy remains underexplored, necessitating further investigation into its technical and ethical challenges.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and showcase a novel technical design that integrates generative AI into art therapy, specifically focusing on the use of text-to-image models. The goal is to provide a supportive tool that enhances patient expression and creative customization, while preserving the role of the therapist in guiding the therapeutic process.

METHODS

We define a simplified art therapy session process and demonstrate how it can be augmented with generative AI. Our technical implementation leverages edge detection, sketch-to-image models, and inpainting techniques to enable patients to refine their artwork through text prompts. We qualitatively evaluate the system using three illustrative examples: a digital sketch, a painted image, and a photograph of a sculpture.

RESULTS

The system successfully generated, refined and adapted versions of the exemplary artworks for all three cases, demonstrating its ability to maintain the essence of the original input.

CONCLUSIONS

The integration of generative AI into art therapy offers significant potential for enhancing accessibility and expressive possibilities for patients. While this proof-of-concept highlights technical feasibility, future research is required to assess therapeutic efficacy, user acceptance, and address ethical concerns, such as bias in AI-generated content. Our approach offers a foundation for further investigation into combining AI with traditional therapeutic practices, supporting the development of extended applications in clinical settings. Our implementations are publicly available at https://github.com/BFH-AMI/sds24.
Development and validation of a predictive model for severe insomnia in nurses: a machine learning–based approach (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zhang Meng , Zhao Mi , Song Li , Zhang Xu
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Insomnia is a prevalent condition among nurses, significantly impacting their health and job performance. Existing studies largely focus on correlating insomnia with various work-related and psychological factors without effectively predicting its severity.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model for severe insomnia among nurses using machine learning techniques.

METHODS

Data were collected from February to October 2023 from four hospitals in China, using a multicenter cross-sectional study design. Insomnia severity was measured with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Predictor variables were identified using the Boruta algorithm and Lasso regression. The predictive model was constructed using multivariable logistic regression and evaluated through five-fold cross-validation and external validation. Model performance was assessed in terms of area under the curve (AUC), Brier scores, and decision curve analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 1,969 valid questionnaires were collected, with 1,733 in the training set and 236 in the external test set. The prevalence of severe insomnia among nurses was 30%. The predictive model identified night shift frequency, challenge and hindrance–related stress levels, and career adaptability as significant predictors of severe insomnia. The model achieved an AUC of 0.723 (95% CI: 0.697–0.749) in the training set and 0.710 (95% CI: 0.638–0.783) in the external test set, indicating good discrimination ability. Brier scores of 0.181 and 0.184 were obtained on the training set and the external test set, respectively. The decision curve analysis showed greater net benefit at risk thresholds between 0.20 and 0.80.

CONCLUSIONS

This study developed a machine learning–based predictive model for severe insomnia among nurses. This model facilitates early identification and intervention, potentially improving nurses' sleep health and overall workplace well-being. Further research is recommended to explore additional predictive variables and refine the model for broader clinical application.