bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control Basis for Cooling Rate of Plates during Roller Quenching in High-Pressure Zone
Authors: Zhang Zhi Min , Yu Wei , Cai Qing Wu
Published: June 2012

A basis based on temperature field is developed to control the cooling rate of plates during roller quenching in high-pressure zone. In order to determine the optimal cooling rate of plate during roller quenching, temperature field of SPV490 plate during quenching was calculated. Then a formula for calculating cooling rate of the center for plate at a certain cooling intensity during roller quenching in high-pressure zone was put forward and the control basis for cooling rate of plate during roller quenching in high-pressure zone was suggested. The cooling rates and corresponding heat transfer coefficients of SPV490 plates with different thickness during roller quenching in high-pressure zone were determined with the given basis.
Restoration of Medical Image Distortion Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm in Matlab Environment
Authors: Lu Ming Zhu , Zhang Si Xiang , Hu Ping , Sun Hai Yi
Published: June 2012

In the process of imaging, transmission and recording, there would be some decline in the quality of medical image typically displayed as fuzzy image, distorition, noise, and so on. To remedy the defects of traditional genetic algorithm of image restoration, the image restoration method was presented based on coding design, species initialization, genetic operator and update mechanism. The simulation experiment on image distortion caused by motion was also carried out in MATLAB 7.0 environment.
Wave Front Analysis of a Supersonically Moving Edge Dislocation
Authors: Huang Su Rong , Deng Jian Ping
Published: June 2012

In a transient analysis of an edge dislocation accelerating through the shear wave speed barrier, stress on the forming Mach fronts is analyzed, the wave front equations are given, as well as the effect of the acceleration of the moving edge dislocation on the geometry of the fronts.
Study on Parameters Measurement System of Ball-End Cutter Based on Optical Vision Detection
Authors: Liu Lin Zhi
Published: June 2012

In manufacturing field, the geometric parameters measurement of tool is an essential process in manufacturing ball-end cutter. An optical visual inspection system of ball-end cutter parameters was studied through designing CCD camera, optical microscope, image grabbing card, visual light and 3D detection tables. Through the grabbing and processing image information of ball-end cutter, visual inspection method was applied to measure parameters of ball-end cutter. Some algorithms including the gray scale processing, median filtering, edge detection and least square fitting method of measured data were analyzed to develop image processing and tool detection software of ball-end cutter. The reliability and accuracy of this detection system were verified through the practical test.
Optimization of Measuring Points for High-Speed Motorized Spindle Thermal Error
Authors: Gou Wei Dong , Ye Xin Wei , Lei Chun Li , Rui Zhi Yuan
Published: June 2012

According to the location and number of temperature measuring points of the motorized spindle thermal error, a new method for optimizing the locations of thermal key points is proposed. Firstly, temperature measuring points are divided into groups by using fuzzy clustering method. Secondly, grey correlation model is adopted to analyze emphasis of each measuring point to thermal deformation in temperature field distribution of motorized spindle. Finally, temperature measuring points have been optimally selected based on modified coefficient of determination. Comparing to the conclusion of the existed literature, the results show that this method is feasibility and validity. The method can reduce the temperature variables and modeling time, and supply the theoretic support for the engineering experience.
Applying Image Processing Methods to Positional Error Evaluation for a Microhole Array
Authors: Chang Dar Yuan , Lai Yu Xiao , Fu Ren Bin
Published: June 2012

A microhole array is a critical feature in high-precision products, and acts as a microchannel for fluid delivery or a guiding hole for needle positioning. The precision of microhole fabrication affects the functions of product directly. This study presents a computer vision system that uses image processing methods to evaluate the positional error of a microhole array. A ceramic microhole array drilled by microdrilling process was made to demonstrate the proposed method. Analytical results show that the positional error is related to the precision of machining device noticeably and decreases with the number of holes drilled when adopts the mechanical microdrilling process.
Study on the Surporting Mechanism of Precision Turning Process of Big-Diameter Length Rate Shaft by the Central Frame
Authors: Zhang Guo Zhi
Published: June 2012

Deformation of the big-diameter length rate shaft and turning process control mechanism were studied. When it was supported by the central frame, its theoretical mechanics models were established. Based on probability theory, considering the randomness of cutting force, elastic modulus, its length and its diameter, its theoretical model was established to calculate its standard deviation of the roundness. Moreover, its dynamic response finite element model was established, and the model was verified through comparison with the theoretical calculation results. The study provides the method and theoretical basis for the precision turning process planning of the big-diameter length rate shaft.
Surface Modification of Brucite and its Application in Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Zhang Ai Ling , Chang Ting , Li San Xi , Wang Song , Chi Song Jiang
Published: June 2012

The surface modification of superfine brucite using silane coupling agent as a modifier was studied. The results of the best modified conditions show that the treated time is 1.5h, the treated temperature is 40°C, the content of silane coupling agent is 7wt%,the stirring speed is 600r/min. In this condition, the activation index up to 93.5%; the treated brucite particles filled into polypropylene(PP), the best tensile strength of 28.63MPa and the LOI of 30% is measured.
Monocyclic Aromatic Compounds Detection with High Field Asymmetry Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Cong , Chen Chi Lai , Wang Dian Ling , Chen Ran , Liu You Jiang , Kong De Yi , Wang Huan Qing , You Hui , Brugger Juergen
Published: June 2012

Monocyclic aromatic compounds (MAC) are one kind of the major organic environmental contaminants. In this paper, with self-made high Field Asymmetry waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) system, the high resolution and sensitivity detection of typical MAC has been carried out. By analyzing the relationship between the Dispersion Voltages (DV) and Compensation Voltages (CV), the second and fourth order nonlinear ion mobility coefficients of Chlorobenzene, O-dichlorobenzene, P-dichlorobenzene, M-cresol, P-nitrophenol, Benzyl alcohol and O-Toluidine are obtained. The spectra of nonlinear ion mobility and the FAIMS spectra of seven kinds of MAC are acquired, and the high efficient separation of these substance ions are realized. As high as 0.95 of linearity and about 20 ppb detection threshold for chlorobenzene are also demonstrated by linear regression. These results show that FAIMS is an effective method to detect the MAC and has great potential for field detection of organic environmental contaminants.
Design Method about Spherical Diaphragm Sealing of Tube Channel in High Pressure Heat Exchanger
Authors: Chen Sun Yi
Published: June 2012

Spherical diaphragm seal dish of tube channel open end in high pressure heat exchanger is a new engineering structure that used in petrochemical hydrogenation unit, and its design technology is not reported now. It is inconvenience to analyze each case by limited element method. Design method of formulas is proposed to calculate both radial offset displacement and its thickness of spherical diaphragm based on shell elasticity mechanics. Relation formulas are deduced about arch height, open end radius, offset displacement by geometry. Two presuppositions are deduced for spherical diaphragm successful to run according to technology theory and function analysis of seal dish structure, which can be used for engineering design.
A Study of the Anti-Fouling Property of the Electroless Ni-P-Sn Coating
Authors: Tian Xi Jie , Zou Yong , Cui Huan Yong
Published: June 2012

The Ni-P-Sn coatings were prepared by electroless plating. Crystallization fouling adhering experiments indicated that these electroless Ni-P-Sn coatings have better anti-fouling property than that of un-coated and Ni-P samples. The surface free energy of Ni-P-Sn deposit increases with the increase of the nanocrystalline phase. It’s considered that the degree of crystallization fouling adhesion is related to the surface free energy of the sample. The amorphous matrix with lower surface free energy can significantly improve the anti-fouling ability in comparison with that of un-coated samples.
Study on the Effect Factors of the Removal Rate of Permanganate Index in the Filtration Process
Authors: Jia Xue Bin , Pan Yun Hao , Han Li Mei , Liu Dong Mei
Published: June 2012

This article is about the drinking water treatment process. We took the filter as the research object, and investigated the removal efficiency of permanganate index in different filtering conditions and water quality conditions, and discussed the effect factors. The experimental results show that the filtration column play the role of the organic contaminants reduced mainly during 0 ~ 40 cm deep from the top. When organic contaminants content in water is high, the permanganate index can be removed efficiently, and the removal rate of permanganate index is in proportional to time within a certain range. Turbidity has no obvious effect on permanganate index removal by filtration, but in order to obtain the ideal removal efficiency, the turbidities should be more than 10 NTU. When the hydraulic loading is in 1~ 2 m3 / (m2 • h), there is no much more effect on filtration efficiency.
The Influence of Ethanol Extraction in the High Temperature Steaming Induced Discoloration Process of Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Wood
Authors: Zhang Peng , Fan Yong Ming , Gao Jian Min
Published: June 2012

The purpose of the experiment is to get more ideal color and raise the value of Locust wood after heat treatment. We chose ethanol as the solvent and heated locust wood in vapor environment at 120°C for 24 hours. Compare the infrared absorption spectrum of heat treated powder and heat treated powder after extracted. It turned out that: (1) extraction could wipe out the great mass of substance with ethenyl(C=C), ether bond(C-O-C), hydroxy (-OH) and aromatic ring; (2) The synthetic reaction and decomposition reaction of ethenyl(C=C), ether bond(C-O-C), hydroxy (-OH) and aromatic ring would lead to decrease of b* and rise of a*, but have no impact on L*;(3) Heat treatment would reduce the number of aromatic nucleus. Hydroxyl would be oxidized to carbonyl group. Instauration organic esters produced. Heat treated wood after extracted wouldn’t occur these reaction. Powder’s infrared absorption spectrum also shows that functional group in aromatic ring has decreased after extraction and heat treated.
Calculated Optimal Cuts for SAW Applications of LGS Crystal
Authors: Yang Hong , Huang Wen Qi
Published: June 2012

Surface acoustic wave(SAW) propagation properties including propagation phase velocity, power flow angle(PFA), anisotropic factor, electromechanical coupling factor(k2) and temperature coefficient of frequency(TCF) are calculated in an optimal region defined by Euler angle (90o,0o~20o,0o~180o) for LGS crystal. It is concluded that the Euler angle (90o, 20o, 122.23o) and (90o, 17.5o, 121.9o) possess superior SAW performance, which have zero PFA, low TCF and moderate k2 simultaneously. We can give priority to these cut-types in the SAW applications at high temperature.
Fabrication and Sound Absorption Properties of Porous Fe0.2(Co20Ni80)0.8 Alloy Microfibers
Authors: Shen Xiang Qian , Liu Hong Bo , Liang Qing Rong , Yang Xin Chun
Published: June 2012

The porous nanocrystalline Fe0.2(Co20Ni80)0.8 alloy microfibers with diameters of 2-4 μm have been prepared by the citrate-gel and phase transformation process. The sound absorption coefficient for microfibers samples is measured by the standing wave tube method and it is is over 0.8 for the 15 mm thick sample at the frequency range of 2300-6000 Hz, which is extended to 600-6300 Hz for the 40 mm thick sample. The band width with the sound absorption coefficient above 0.6 is wider than 4300 Hz for the 15 mm thick sample and 5800 Hz for the 40 mm thick sample. For the 40 mm thick sample, the maximum absorption coefficient, noise absorption coefficient, noise reduction coefficient and half-width of the absorption peak are 0.99, 0.59, 0.64 and 5828 Hz, respectively. These microfibers are promising advanced acoustic absorbers.
Aligned MWCNT-Reinforced Bulk Epoxy-Matrix Composites by Dielectrophoretic Force
Authors: Wang Ming Wen , Yu Niann I , Liao Wen Hao
Published: June 2012

Studies have proved that enhancing epoxy matrices by adding carbon nanotubes to form structural reinforcements has significantly improved mechanical properties at very low carbon nanotube loading. That mechanical properties of aligned composites are better than those of random ones has been demonstrated in past studies; however, alignment is not easy to achieve in carbon nanotube epoxy-matrix bulk composite by conventional techniques. In this study, epoxy-matrix bulk composites reinforced by aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are prepared using an RF electric field to elicit dipolar interactions among the nanotubes in a viscous matrix following immobilization by curing under continuous application of an anisotropic electric field and the fracture toughness is experimentally characterized later. The processes of actively aligned MWCNTs epoxy-matrix bulk composite were controlled as a function of CNT weight fraction, the frequency of dielectrophoretic field and processing time. Carbon nanotubes are not only aligned along the field but also migrate laterally to enhance thickness. Eventually, addition of nanotubes improved the mechanical properties of the MWCNT/epoxy bulk composites, and the increase in the flexural modulus and fracture toughness with the aligned nanotube composite is two times greater than the improvement for the randomly oriented composite.
Capture of Carbon Dioxide by Adsorption- A Review
Authors: Wei Jian Wen , Zhao Song Sheng
Published: June 2012

Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor in regard of its emission amount contributing to 60 percent of global warming effects. Various methods are proposed and researched in CO2 separation and adsorption process is the most promising method. An overview of the adsorbents in the capture of CO2 by adsorption is presented in this paper and the focus is on the advances of mesoporous silicas functionalized by amino modification, coating and impregnation in CO2 capture. Future promising research directions in the CO2 adsorption by the mesoporous silicas are suggested.
Effect of Modification of Coal Powder Using Silane Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of SBS
Authors: Cheng Guo Jun , Yu Xiu Hua , Tang Zhong Feng
Published: June 2012

Coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane（KH-570） was used as modifier to improve the superficial capacity of coal powder. Modified coal powder/thermoplastic butadiene-styrene rubber (SBS) composites were prepared by mixing procedure. The modified and unmodified coal powder and mechanical properties of composites were characterized and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measuring instrument(CAMI), sedimentation test, rubber process analyzer (RPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that KH-570 can form chemical union with coal powder. The agglomeration of coal powder particles was effectively restricted after surface modification. The modified coal powder particles can be dispersed equally in rubber and form physical and chemical crosslinking structure with rubber.
Grain Refinement by Intragranular Nucleation in Si-Mn Steel Modified by the Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) Inoculants
Authors: Wang Tie Bao , Cui Chun Xiang , Jia Kuo
Published: June 2012

The Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) alloy was rapidly solidified with melt-spin method, and the nano-sized ribbon was gained with the rolling wheel speed of 45m/s.The microstructure and the grain size of the Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) inoculants were performed by SEM and XRD respectively. Subsequently the microstructure of the steel modified by the Fe-V-Nb-Re(Ce) inoculants was also studied. The results show that the average grain size of the nano-scale Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) inoculants obtained is 26.1nm and a large mounts of nucleation sites in the steel exist in the form of (V, Nb)C and FeCeSi which effectively increases the nucleation rate and bring about the refinement of austenite grains.
The Role of Fe on the Grain Refinement of High Purity Aluminium
Authors: Zhang Yi Jie , Ma Nai Heng , McKay Brian J. , Li Xian Feng , Wang Hao Wei
Published: June 2012

The role of Fe on the grain refinement of high purity aluminium (HPAl) was investigated after adding commercial Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner rod. Experimental results show that with a 0.08% Fe addition, the grain structure at chill zone of the HPAl sample changes from coarse to fine equiaxed grains. More importantly, the grain size observed at the centre of the HPAl sample decreased from 500±50µm to 206±30µm. The improvement has been attributed to the interfacial segregation and solute concentration of the Fe at the solid-liquid interface.
Using PVP-SDS Complex as a Probe to Study the Effect of n-Butanol on Micellization Behavior of SDS
Authors: Chen Xiao Ming , Ren Lin , Wang Ai Guo , Yang Ming Di , Ding Yi
Published: June 2012

PVP[poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)]/SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate) complex was applied as a probe to study the effect of n-butanol on micellization behavior of SDS. It has been found that a critical concentration, namely cs, exists in the relative viscosity versus n-butanol concentration plot. As the n-butanol concentration is less than cs, the relative viscosity of solution containing PVP/SDS complex increased by adding n-butanol into solution successively. On the other hand, as the n-butanol concentration is greater than cs, the relative viscosity of solution containing PVP/SDS complex decreased by adding n-butanol into solution. The increase and the decrease of the relative viscosity of solution containing PVP/SDS complex in the presence of n-butanol is just due to the cosurfactant and the cosolvent effect on micellization behavior of SDS in aqueous solution. Further experimental results indicate that cs is dependent on SDS concentration.
Preparation of Manganese Oxide Supported on Activated Carbon and its Application in Catalytic Ozonation of 4-Chlorophenol
Authors: Liu Bing , Li Ai Min , Xia Ming Fang , Zhu Zhao Lian
Published: June 2012

Catalyst with manganese oxide highly dispersed on granular activated carbon (MnOx/GAC) was fabricated by impregnating GAC in MnCl2 solution and characterized by several techniques. The performance of manganese catalyst was investigated in catalytic ozonation of 4-chlorophenol in water. Manganese catalyst exhibits better efficiency than the original granular activated carbon, due to the synergic effect between activated carbon and manganese oxide. MnOx/GAC, produced by a simple methodin situ, is promising in catalytic ozonation of refractory organic pollutants in waste water.
Structure and Catalytic Soot Combustion of Perovskite La-Mn-O Hollow Microfibers via Gel-Precursor Transformation Process
Authors: Meng Xiao Xiao , He Feng Lin , Shen Jiang Ying , Shen Xiang Qian
Published: June 2012

The nanocrystalline perovskite La-Mn-O hollow microfibers were prepared by the gel-precursor transformation process from reagents of metal salts and citric acid. The gel precursor and resultant products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area was measured by the Brunauere-Emmette-Teller method. The catalytic performance of soot combustion was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis under model conditions. The nanocrystalline La-Mn-O hollow microfibers calcined at 650 °C for 6 h are characterized with diameters of 2-8 µm, aspect ratios (length/diameter) about 5-15, a micro-tunnel with an estimated ratio 1/3 of the hollow diameter to fiber diameter, and a high specific surface area of 36.7 m2/g that is 1.9 times higher than the counterpart nanosized powder. This nanocrystalline La-Mn-O hollow microfibers catalyst exhibit a high catalytic activity for the soot combustion, with a low T50 of 397°C, which is largely owing to the high surface area and the micro-tunnel structure.
The Influence of the Constructive Solution of Fine Bubble Generators on the Concentration of Oxygen Dissolved in Water
Authors: Căluşaru Ionela Mihaela , Băran Nicolae , Pătulea Alexandru
Published: June 2012

Original construction solutions for two types of fine bubble generators whose nozzles are manufactured by electroerosion are presented. The differential equation of the transfer speed of the oxygen towards water is numerically integrated and theoretical results are presented. A setup for experimental tests regarding the functioning of fine bubble generators was designed and built in the frame of the laboratory. Measurements regarding the increase of the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water were performed. Theoretical and experimental results were compared.
An Innovative Method on the Polyphosphate Determination in Aquatic Product with Interdiction of Polyphosphate Hydrolysis by Using Ion Chromatography
Authors: Gao Rui Chang , Yuan Li , Yu Gang
Published: June 2012

Trichloracetic acid (TCA) was used to denature the enzymes that hydrolyze polyphosphates in frozen aquatic product and the polyphosphates were determined by using ion chromatograph with suppressor conductivity. The results showed that TCA could block the enzymatic hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate. The instrument was Dionex ICS 2000 ion chromatograph. The KOH solution was used as the. Ionpac AS11-HC separator column with gradient elution by KOH solution and suppressed conductivity detector were used for determine orthophosphate (Pi), pyrophosphate (PP), tripolyphosphate (TPP), and hexametaphosphte (HMP). The method was linear at concentration raging from 0.005 mmol•L-1 to 0.5mmol•L-1. The average recoveries ranged from 99% to 111%. The method can be applied for determination of phosphates in aquatic products.
Study on Purification Mechanism of Liquid Metal Flowing through Filter
Authors: Zhu Chun Xi , You Hui Yuan , Li Wu Xing , Li Miao Ling
Published: June 2012

Liquid metal flowing through filter media can create a vacuum in channel. Inclusions and gases in liquid metal are adsorbed onto surface of the filter media by negative pressure so that liquid metal was purified. Theoretical discussion was carried on the use of vacuum to purify metal and a series of measures such as increasing casting speed were proposed to improve the effect of purification. Experiments show that these measures are effective.
Effect of Chloric Ions and Temperature on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in CO2-Saturated Chloride Solution
Authors: Li Jun , Ye Dong , Chen Yong Mei , Su Jie , Zhao Kun Yu
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The pitting corrosion behavior of two kinds (W and Cu-free; W and Cu-bearing) of supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSS) were studied in CO2-saturated chloride solution with three chloric ion concentration: 21200, 50000, 100000ppm, and four different temperatures:19, 40, 60, 80°C by potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The results indicate that the pitting potential decreased with temperature increasing, and in a logarithmic relation with the chlorine concentration in both alloys. The pitting potential of supermartensitic stainless steel is increased by together adding tungsten and copper.
Wear Resistance of Al2O3, Al2O3-40wt.%TiO2 Coatings Prepared by Plasma Spraying on H13 Hot-Worked Die Steel
Authors: Song Ren Guo , Tang Pu Hong , Wang Chao , Lu Guo
Published: June 2012

Al2O3 and Al2O3-40wt.%TiO2 ceramic coatings on H13 hot-worked die steel have been prepared by plasma spraying, and then the microstructure, micro-hardness as well as wear resistance of the prepared coatings have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Vickers hardness tester and ball-on-disk high temperature tribometer. The results showed that the plasma sprayed ceramic coatings are of higher hardness and wear resistance than H13 hot-worked die steel.
The Change of D-Electron Occupancy in TiNi and Ni3Ti Compounds Measured from the White-Line Intensity of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Wei Guo
Published: June 2012

The electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of pure Ti, TiNi, Ni3Ti and pure Ni has been acquired and d-electron occupancy of both Ti and Ni in the metals has been measured from the white-line intensity. It is found that the change of d-electron occupancy of Ni is very small in all metals, but the d-electron occupancy of Ti in Ni3Ti increases considerable large relative to pure Ti. The change of d-electron occupancy is discussed in terms of charge transfer mechanism, local charge neutrality (LCN) approximation, and hybridization.
Sintering Mechanism of MgAl2O4-SiC Composites in Reduction Atmosphere
Authors: Wei Jun Cong , Gao Chun Hui , Yang Xiao Juan , Huo Liang , Zhao Bao Zhong , Tu Jun Bo
Published: June 2012

MgAl2O4-SiC Composites were prepared by using magnesium aluminate spinel and silicon carbide powder as starting materials and the sintering mechanism was investigated at 1600°C in reduction atmosphere. Sintered samples were analyzed using XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that Alumina-rich spinel and SiCN are formed due to the reactions between spinel and SiC. Weight loss of samples was detected due to SiO formation and volatilization. The bulk density of samples decreases and apparent porosity increases as increasing the content of SiC.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Tea Seed Oil from Camellia Seeds and Composition Analysis of Tea Seed Oil Extracts
Authors: Zhou Yong Sheng , Gu Chang Ming , Gu Hao
Published: June 2012

The extraction of tea seed oil obtained from wild camellia seed using supercritical CO2 extraction has been investigated. The extraction was carried out under operation pressures of 20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 MPas at 45°C, with a supercritical fluid flow rate of 5mL•min-1. The collected extracts were analyzed and the relative compositions of the tea oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of operation pressure on the extraction yield, extraction time, and extract composition. The results from supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE) showed that the extraction pressure positively related to the extraction yield and negatively and linearly related to the extraction time. Only 5 constituents were found in the extract under the pressure of 20 MPa. However, about 20 constituents in the extract were obtained under the pressure of 35 MPa, approximately the same as those under 50 MPa. The curve of the extraction pressure versus the extraction yield demonstrated that the extractable constituents of wide camellia seeds have two states: a free state and a bound state. In the bound state, extractable constituents can only be extracted under an extraction pressure above the threshold. Taking into consideration of the extraction yield, equipment, and operation, the appropriate pressure of the SFE is between 36.4 MPa and 40 MPa.
Structure and Performance of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings Irradiated by High Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam
Authors: Mei Xian Xiu , Liu Yue , Ma Xue , Wang You Nian
Published: June 2012

The thermal barrier coatings (TBC) of the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been deposited by the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS),followed by the irradiation of high intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) with the voltage of 250 KV and the ion current density of 300 A/cm2 and pulsed times of 2, 5, 10 and 20, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the coating is characterized by the tetragonal ZrO2 phase instead of the cubic phase and the original monoclinic phase after the irradiation. The scanning electron micros cope analysis demonstrates that the HIPIB treatment leads to a smooth TBC surface, but produces micro-cracks and round grain at the surface. This implies that the plasma erupts during the ion beam interaction with the coatings with poor thermal conductivity, and the micro-cracks were produced in the cooling process. The isothermal oxidation experiment performed at 1050°C in air and suggests that the oxidation resistance of the coating can be largely enhanced after HIPIB treatment.
Study of Sintering Temperature for Nano-Hydroxyapatite with Addition of Titanium
Authors: Arawi Ainaa Zafirah Omar , Rosmamuhamadani Ramli , Talari Mahesh
Published: June 2012

Synthetic Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) have the ability to provide the appropriate, scaffold or template for bone formation because of similar chemical and crystallographic structures to bone. The addition of 10wt. % of Ti powder in nano-HA powder was done by using ball milling. The different sintering temperatures at 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200°C of nano-HA-Ti pallet were studied. Nano-HA-Ti pallet after vary sintering temperature were tested by hardness and compression strength tests. The optimum sintering temperature to sintered nano-Ha-Ti was at 1200°C because it gave the highest hardness and compression values which were 290.80HV and 78.49MPa. From Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyzed, nano-HA-Ti particles at 1200°C showed the attachment of nano-HA powder with Ti powder at grain boundary and some crack had form.
Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosics into Fermentable Sugars for Cellulosic Ethanol Production: An Overview
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Li Xue Ping , Liu Ying
Published: June 2012

Facing great pressure of economic growth and energy crisis, China has paid more attention to the renewable energy and cellulosic ethanol has received increasing attention in recent years. The key from lignocelluloses to bioethanol is how to produce fermentable sugars effectively by hydrolysis of cellulose. Chemical, biological pretreatment and hot water pretreatment are considered as three important techniques for high yields of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosics. In this review, the three important techniques for high yields of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosics and the pretreatment study status, challenges, and future research targets were discussed.
Electrochemical Performance of Cu2SO3•CuSO3•2H2O Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wang Duo , Tang Ai Dong
Published: June 2012

The mixed valence copper Cu2SO3•CuSO3•2H2O with durian-like was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method at 80 °C. The double sulfites obtained were identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical performance of the salt was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge test as the lithium ion battery electrode material. The electrode exhibited high initial discharge capacity but extremely low charge capacity, which illustrates that Cu2SO3•CuSO3•2H2O is not suitable for lithium ion battery electrode negative material.
Effect of Microwave Drying on Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber
Authors: Chen Mei , Zhang Fu Quan , Wang Yong Zhou , Huang Mao Fang
Published: June 2012

The morphological structure and properties of wet natural rubber (NR) granulates dried by microwave were studied, which compared with wet NR granulates dried by hot-air. The results show that the molecular weight of NR dried by microwave is higher than that of NR dried by hot-air, and the molecular weight distribution of NR dried by microwave is narrower than that of NR dried by hot-air. The wet NR granules dried by microwave are rough on surfaces and the cutting traces produced during the processing remained on surfaces; whereas the wet NR granules dried by hot-air are smooth on surfaces resulted from melt adhered, and the cutting traces disappeared; the thermal-oxidative resistance of NR vulcanizates dried by microwave improved significantly.
Effect of Combined Microwave Heating and Impinging Hot-Air on Rubberwood Drying
Authors: Promtong Nuchtida , Ratanawilai Thanate , Nuntadusit Chayut
Published: June 2012

Applying microwave heating and impinging hot-air is one of the most interesting methods to increase the higher drying rates of rubberwood drying based on acceptable quality. A maximum microwave power level of 200W at a frequency of 2.45GHz with maximum working temperature of 70°C, only hotair (70°C) and combined microwave (200W) - hotair (70°C) were choosed to evaluate the effect of rubberwood drying by different width sizes (1, 2, 3 and 4 in.) by 46 in. length by 1 in. thick. In all cases, the drying time is reduced significantly from 168 h to less than 8-15 h in various wood widths and resulted in saving to an extent of about 91% of drying time from initial moisture content ranges of 73%-49% to 15% percent of moisture level. Drying stresses from prong test no found during drying and total color of rubberwood changed after high temperature drying is a natural surface when compared to fresh wood. The values of six strength compared to the reference values are concentrated in the ranges of 16.9-23.9 (11.0)MPa for shearing strength parallel to grain, 4291.1-6701.6 (4350)N for hardness, 73.3-110.2 (66.0)MPa for MOR, 7059.5-12856.7 (9240.0) MPa for MOE, 27.2-14.3 (5.0)MPa for compressive strength perpendicular to grain and 60.6-35.7 (32.0)MPa for compression strength parallel to grain. These results show that it is possible to develop a drying process for rubberwood using microwave-hot air in investigating further in this area.
Mechanistic Difference of Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) and Ethanol-to-Olefins (ETO) Reactions over H-ZSM-5 Catalysts
Authors: Wu Qiang , Xia Wei , Takahashi Atsushi , Fujitani Tadahiro
Published: June 2012

The Methanol to olefins (MTO) and ethanol to olefins (ETO) reactions were compared under the similar operation conditions, and it was proved that both follow the different reaction mechanism over H-ZSM-5 catalysts. In MTO reaction, dimethyl ether (DME) acts as the initial intermediate, which then follows two different reaction pathways depending on the acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, namely, the dehydration of DME into ethene over higher acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts and the merization of DME through hydrogen bonds into (DME)n (n = 2-4) complexes over lower acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts. Further, over higher acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, ethene converts into propene and butene, and thereafter undergoes the oligomerization-craking-aromatization route to form other olefins, paraffins and aromatics. But over lower acidity of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, (DME)n complexes tend to transform into high even number of olefins that are easily cracked into small olefins. In the case of ETO reaction, ethene acts as the main reaction intermediate, which then transforms into propene and butene, and further proceeds through the oligomerization-craking-aromatization route to form other olefins, paraffins and aromatics products over H-ZSM-5 catalysts.
The Method of Determination for Pore-Size Distribution of Porous Morphology Material
Authors: Li Min Yan , Guo Dong Lei , Guo Kui
Published: June 2012

By analysis of measure theory, test method, goal seeking process, discuss test method in theory, A diffusion equation based on seepage theory is brought forward to substitute the linear fitting method. Data process complexity is being decreased.
AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Surface Laser Alloying of SiC-316L Composite Coating
Authors: Xiong Guang Yao , Yu Meng , Zhao Long Zhi
Published: June 2012

AZ31 magnesium alloy preset SiC-316L powder by laser alloying on the surface treatment. The organizational structure and composition of alloying layer material by XRD, SEM and EDS phase were analyzed. The results show that the alloying layer surface has roughness, lap in good condition, no pilling, pores and cracks defect, etc. Alloying layer is mainly composed of the original phase Mg, Fe, SiC and the oxides of MgO and SiO2. The columnar grain zone perpendicular to the interface and pointing to the alloyed layer. It is formed in the bottom of the alloyed layer and the interface zone of magnesium alloy substrate.
A Theoretical Investigation of the Thermal Decomposition of Zinc Acetate and Zn-Oxo Complex Based on the Pyrolysis Characteristics of the Zinc-Containing Spent Catalyst
Authors: Qu Wen Wen , Jin Wen , Xu Jing Yu , Yang Shu , Peng Jin Hui
Published: June 2012

Zinc acetate and Zn-oxo complex of Zn4O(CH3COO)6 containing in the spent catalyst of vinyl synthesis were investigated by means of the first principles of density functional (DFT) methods. The geometries, energies, charge populations and local electron density distributions of the two compounds and their formate analogues were analyzed. Based on the pyrolysis characteristics of the spent catalyst, the thermodynamic properties of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS for possible decomposition reactions of zinc acetate and Zn4O(CH3COO)6 were calculated as functions of temperature. The results provide a theoretical evidence that Zn4O(CH3COO)6 is more stable than zinc acetate due to the regular Zn4O and ZnO4 tetrahedral coordination between Zn atoms and two kinds of O atoms. The preparation of Zn4O(CH3COO)6 via the hydrolysis of zinc acetate is thermodynamically feasible. Zn4O(CH3COO)6 is further decomposed into ZnO via a decarboxylation reaction rather than a hydrolysis reaction.
New Groove Structures for Miniature Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Low Crystal Impedance
Authors: Liu Zong Han , Shen Chih Hsiung
Published: June 2012

Throughout the world, there are numerous of studies on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Today, we come up with a new way to reduce both the size of QCM structure and the crystal impedance without lowering the sensitivity. Beyond the conventional design of QCM originally developed in recent years, a new disk shape with multi-groove structures is proposed and investigated thoroughly to realize the miniaturized QCM. Along the miniaturization stage, there are two main approaches to remain the efficiency of vibration. One is to improve the piezoelectric effect which can be further increased by reducing the distance of electric field and the other is to improve the effective area of electric potential flow between the electrodes. Several proposed design with grooves in the disk has been proposed to make effective area larger, crystal impedance lower ,and Q value higher. We will investigate between different groove structures on QCM under the same bias voltage. In this study, we propose and verify the innovative design of QCM and a thorough investigation of the electric and mechanical response were performed with evidence marvelous efficiency. Consequently, the three groove structure gives the best piezoelectric performance than the other.
Study on Adsorption Reaction Dynamics of Fine Hematite
Authors: Li Feng Jiu , Zhang Li Min , Yue Zhi Xin , Xu Bin
Published: June 2012

In this article, the equation of the starch and fine hematite particle has been put forward combining with the collision theory. After analyzing the equation and test data, the reaction order of the starch and fen hematite particle can be obtained by integration method and half-life method, which is first degree. It lays the foundation about adsorbed rate equation of the starch and fen hematite particle.
Dynamic Performance for the Spindle System of the Composite Grinder Based on Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Duan Ming De , Li Bo Yin , Liang Guo Li , Zhang Wu Guo , Wang Xiao Feng
Published: June 2012

Based on transfer matrix method, the dynamic model is established for the spindle system of a composite grinder, and the modal analysis is carried out. The lower-order modal shape and natural frequency in the determined condition is obtained, and the effects of the support span and the support stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of the spindle system are analyzed. The spindle system’s structure is parameterized by the use of Matlab to improve the efficiency of the modeling and calculation.
Efficient Sampling Approaches for Stochastic Response Surface Method
Authors: Sun Gao Rong , Xiong Fen Fen
Published: June 2012

Stochastic response surface methods (SRSM) based on polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) has been widely used for uncertainty propagation. It is necessary to select efficient sampling technique to estimate the PCE coefficients in SRSM. In this paper, the three advanced sampling approaches, namely, Gaussian Quadrature point (GQ), Monomial Cubature Rule (MCR), and Latin Hypercube Design (LHD) are introduced and investigated, whose performances are tested through several examples. It is shown that the results of UP for the three sampling approaches show great agreements to those of Monte Carlo simulation. Specifically, GQ yields the most accurate result of UP, followed by MCR and LHD, while MCR shows the best efficiency for lower PCE order.
Flexural Toughness of Micro-Fiber Reinforced Mortar
Authors: Shin Kyung Joon , Kim Yun Yong , Lee Hwan Woo , Oh Seboong
Published: June 2012

Various methods have been used to reinforce cementitious materials which have a weak tensile strength. A major reinforcing method is to mix the matrix with fibers which have a strong tensile strength. Recently, micro-fiber reinforced mortar has been studied. This type of mortar has the coarse aggregates removed and uses micro-fibers in order to homogenize the matrix properties and maximize the performance of the fibers. Micro-fiber reinforced mortar can exhibit different cracking characteristics, showing many distributed cracks. Hence, the flexural performance is different from that of conventional fiber reinforced mortar. This paper investigates the flexural behaviors of micro-fiber reinforced mortars which have different fiber types and mixture proportions. The flexural behavior, flexural toughness, and number of cracks are explored with respect to the fiber types and contents.
Research on Constant Torque Control System Design for Hydraulic Retarder of Heavy Vehicle
Authors: Xu Ming , Li Hui Yuan
Published: June 2012

The analysis of inner circulation circle flow characteristic of the partly filled hydraulic retarder during its braking course is carried out. a relation between the liquid filled ratio of the circulation circle in hydraulic retarder， the inner flow field pressure characteristic and the output torque characteristic of it is established, The control parameter token for the hydraulic retarder torque characteristic is acquired, then the Constant Torque Control System for Heavy Vehicle Hydraulic Retarder is formed. Through a test bed experiment of Constant Torque Control System for Heavy Vehicle Hydraulic Retarder, the validation of the Constant Torque Control System for Heavy Vehicle Hydraulic Retarder is verified，the whole system perfectly meet the design request.
Frequency Conversion Control for Vibration Mill with High Vibration Intensity Based on Multi-Wave Variable Sinusoid
Authors: Yang Xiao Lan , Jia Min Ping , Zou Jing Chao , Liu Ji Feng , Xv Fang Min
Published: June 2012

The key technology of vibration machine to finish deaggregation and powder refinement is both high vibration Intensity with a certain frequency and steady vibration of frequency conversion control. A frequency conversion control for vibration mill system based on multi-wave variable sinusoidal frequency ascending and descending cycle curve was developed. The frequency conversion control test of vibration mill was finished through sensing signal amplification, analog digital conversion and on line detection. The results show that the high and super-high vibration intensity with certain action time is produced and the effect of multi-amplitude and multi-frequency is acquired. The experimental data show that the super micro grinding of superfine particles is achieved, energy consumption is reduced, the useful life of wearing parts such as bearing is extended, and engineering effects of deaggregation and refinement of super-hard superfine powder are obtained by frequency conversion control.
Residual Vibration of a Tapered Hollow Metal Beam
Authors: Huang Bo Wun , Weng Z. H. , Kuang Jao Hwa
Published: June 2012

An investigation of the residual vibration of a round tapered hollow metal beam is considered in this article. To improve the tapered hollow metal beam performance and capabilities, it is necessary to understand the dynamic characteristics, residual vibration, of this above Beam. The properties of a tapered hollow beam bring about some investigations to study. It attempt to design and manufacture a high performance sporting ball rod. More high precision and performance sporting ball rod require more stable, small residual vibration. Besides, most important of all, a small residual vibration sporting rod results in the stable sweeping and comfortable sporting for a sportsman. To design and manufacture a high performance sporting ball rod, the dynamic characteristic and residual vibration must be study. Most investigations pay attentions to the sweeping, damper and material properties. Few studies focus on dynamic characteristics and residual vibration of a tapered hollow beam. It is the aim to study in this article.
A Fuzzy Nonlinear Variable Structure Control Method for SVC
Authors: Cui Feng , Gao Yu Kai , Wang Chuan Ying
Published: June 2012

The linear model state equation of single-machine infinity bus power system with SVC was gotten by feedback linearization technology. The SVC fuzzy sliding mode controller was designed for this model. In order to adjust the controller outputs, the value and its derivative of sliding mode switching function were chosen for fuzzy controller inputs. The simulation shows that the SVC controller effectively improves the quality of power response, and settles power oscillations quickly when a disturbance occurs.
Based on Mechanical Vibration Test Machine V-Belt Transmission Design
Authors: Zhong Bo , Chen Rong
Published: June 2012

The essay has solved the optimization problem turning multi-objective problem into a single target by using weighting factor to the use of V-belt driving gear. According to engineering requirements, mechanical vibration test machine has determined the coordination of the various coefficients as a single objective optimization function after considering multiple conflicting incommensurability of the objective function, and combining practical experience and computing experience. Conditions on system requirements and relative constraints have been given in the form of constraint functions. Finally, the overall optimal solution has been calculated with the direct method, and an integrated optimal solution can have different numerical values by calculating it for different project objectives and specific requirements.
Optimization of Torsional Dynamic Properties of Hydraulic Excavator Slewing Transmission Mechanism
Authors: Li Zhao Jun , Zhang Yu Ling , Mao Tao , Yang Xu Juan
Published: June 2012

A hydraulic excavator is taken as the object to study. Considering the characteristics of slewing transmission mechanism of hydraulic excavator, the torsional vibration equation is established by the finite element method. According to the torsional vibration equation, the effects of the equivalent moment of inertia of working device on the torsional dynamic properties of slewing transmission mechanism are analyzed. Using the optimization theory, the mathematical model is built, which is by means of the equivalent moment of inertia of working device as objective function and by means of the position parameters of the working device as design variables. Based on the mathematical model, the optimization of torsional dynamic properties of slewing transmission mechanism is studied. Finally, a numerical example is presented.