bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Studies On Mycoplasma Bronchopneumonia
Authors: Tripaldi Clelia , Polito Marella , Iacoviello Onofrio , Basile Vincenzo , De Bellis Teresa , Fortunato Maria , Laforgia Francesca , Rubino Mariangela , Scalini Egisto , Silletti Maria , Lofù Ignazio
Published: November 2021

Background Pediatric bronchopneumonia represents a clinical challenge, especially when it comes to the identification of its etiology. We performed a retrospective study on 100 patients admitted to our pediatric department. Only patients with bronchopneumonic thickening were selected, discharged with a diagnosis of Community - Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) or bronchopneumonia. The purpose of our study was to identify Mycoplasma pneumonia based on lung ultrasound (LUS) findings. Methods At least two lung LUS were performed on each patient: on admission and few days after start of therapy, with some patients undergoing a third ultrasound evaluation approximately one week after discharge. These reports were collected for each patient together with clinical and laboratory data. The study population was divided into two groups: patients who tested positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Myc-CAP) and negative ones (non-Myc-CAP). All patients performed serological test for determination of anti-mycoplasma antibodies, and in doubtful cases also molecular test with PCR on pharyngeal exudate. Results The results obtained after statistical analysis showed no significant differences in LUS findings between the two groups, that could allow a positive differential diagnosis of Myc-CAP without resorting to laboratory testing. Conclusions LUS undoubtedly represents a valid and irreplaceable help in the morphological study of pulmonary lesions over the course of disease from the time of admission to follow-up.
Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hyperalgesia in Arthritis Rats Through Inhibition of the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nie Bin , Jiang Hui , Chen Hong , Liu Qiong
Published: November 2021

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has showed significant analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Our present study aimed to explore the effect of DEX on hyperalgesia with the involvement of p38MAPK signaling pathway a rat model of monoarthritis (MA).Methods: MA rat model was induced by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Pathological changes of ma rats were observed by HE staining and Safranin-O/Fast Green staining. Ankle circumference, paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to judge the degree of hyperalgesia in MA rats. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were applied to observe the degree of inflammation in rats. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related factors. The mechanism of p38MAPK signaling pathway in MA rats was observed via treatment of Anisomycin or SB203580 combined with DEX.Results: After 8 h of CFA induction, joint swelling and hyperalgesia occurred in rats. There were obvious pathological changes in the joint cavity, the joint cavity space became narrow and synovial bursa became rough. A large number of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed under microscope. After injection of DEX and SB203580, PWT and PWL was prolonged, the expression of serum inflammatory factors was decreased, and the expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related factors was decreased; while all the detected indexes were recovered in MA rats after treated with DEX and Anisomycin.Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that DEX could alleviate hyperalgesia in arthritis rats through inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
Application of Machine Learning to Predict Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis from Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Ultrasound
Authors: Shen Bo , Zhou Chao , Xu Chaoli , Yang Bin , Wu Xiaoman , Fu Xiaodan , Liu Siyue , Sun Jiaying , Zhang Qirui , Zhu Zheng
Published: November 2021

Background This study aims to determine the prediction performance of a machine learning-based clinical model for cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (MPTC) with ultrasound (US).Methods Patients with MPTC who underwent total or hemithyroidectomy with unilateral or bilateral prophylactic central neck dissection were included (n = 692). Nodal status was pathologically determined. Clinical and US features and thyroid function markers were extracted to build a random forest model. A nomogram with the significant predictive risk factors from multivariable logistic regression analysis was built to visualize hazard rates. Finally, the predictive performances of the models were compared.Results Overall, 332 patients (47.98%) had CLNM. In multiple logistic regression, the strong predictive risk factors for CLNM were younger age, larger anteroposterior diameter, lower anteroposterior/transverse diameter (A/T) ratio, and higher thyroglobulin (TG) concentration (P < 0.05). The random forest and nomogram models showed good predictive performance with the area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.836 and 0.780, respectively, which were significantly higher than those without A/T ratio in the models (AUCs: 0.807 vs. 0.722, all P < 0.05). The AUC of the A/T ratio as a single feature for predicting CLNM was 0.744, while A/T ratio (≤ 0.828) combined with anteroposterior diameter (≥ 10 mm) yielded a higher AUC of 0.754 for predicting CLNM.Conclusions The machine learning-based clinical model with US had a good predictive performance for CLNM in MPTC patients. This clinical model may facilitate surgical decision-making for MPTC, especially regarding whether cervical lymph node dissection is warranted.
Do Programme Coordinators Contribute to the Professional Development of Residents? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Aono Mayumi , Obara Haruo , Kawakami Chihiro , Imafuku Rintaro , Saiki Takuya , Barone Michael A. , Suzuki Yasuyuki
Published: November 2021

Background: With the development of training programmes for health professions, the role of programme coordinators has become increasingly important. However, their role in providing educational support for the professional development of resident trainees has not been well investigated. This study aimed to qualitatively analyse the involvement of programme coordinators in educational support for residents.Methods: Semi-structured reflective writing on “support for residents” was collected from programme coordinators in teaching hospitals in Japan in 2017-18 using a web-based questionnaire. Descriptions were qualitatively analysed thematically, using the professional identity formation (PIF) framework. Results: A total of 39 cases of “support for residents” by 31 coordinators were analysed. We found that prior personal problems, including mental health issues and insufficient social skills/unprofessional behaviour, were the most common issues that residents faced. Thematic analysis revealed that coordinators played a variety of educational roles: 1) requesting supervisors to re-consider their teaching; 2) protecting residents from the negative influence of clinical experiences; 3) facilitating residents’ self-assessment and confidence; 4) creating a safer learning environment; 5) providing support for prior personal problems, 5-1) fostering a better atmosphere for the mental health of residents, 5-2) intervening for residents with insufficient social skills/unprofessional behaviour; 6) providing support for isolated residents; and 7) preventing problems with peers. Conclusions: This study identified seven educational roles of programme coordinators for residents from a standpoint of PIF of residents. It also discussed four valuable attributes for coordinators: non-hierarchical relationships with residents, parenting attitudes, sensitivity to residents’ change, and the perspective of a member of the public. These attributes would underpin coordinators’ educational roles and facilitate the professional development of residents. This study provides a basis for defining and revising the role profiles of programme coordinators.
Overexpression of RAB34 associates with tumor aggressiveness and immune infiltration in glioma
Authors: Hou Peng , Wan Quan , Wang Qing , Wu Xuechao , Lu Xiaojie
Published: November 2021

Background

RAB34 is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and exhibits oncogenic properties. However, its function in glioma remains largely unclear. Herein, we investigated the clinical value and biological functions of RAB34 in glioma.
Methods

In this study, we collected 697 RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 325 RNA-seq data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset. CCK-8 and EdU assays were employed to assess cell proliferation ability. The transwell assay was utilized to explore cell migration and invasion capacities. Western blot coupled with qRT-PCR were employed to determine the protein, as well as RNA contents. The statistical analyses along with the graphical work were mainly implemented in the R software.
Results

RAB34 expression was positively related to the glioma tumor grade, and predicted poor outcomes for glioma patients. RAB34 expression was significantly upregulated in classical and mesenchymal subtypes, and IDH wild-type gliomas. Additionally, RAB34 expression was regulated by promoter DNA methylation. Moreover, RAB34 expression was remarkably correlated with inflammatory activities, immune infiltration, and immune checkpoints in glioma. In vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of RAB34 restrained the growth, migration, as well as invasion of glioma cells, and reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.
Conclusion

Our findings established RAB34 as a novel progression-related biomarker and a possible immunotherapy target for glioma.
An Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Methods in a Rapidly Urbanizing City: Evidence From Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Pouye Abdoulaye , Faye Seynabou Cissé , Diedhiou Mathias , Gaye Cheikh Becaye , Taylor Richard G.
Published: November 2021

In rapidly growing cities in the tropics, unregulated urban development presents a major risk to groundwater quality. Here, we assess the vulnerability of an unconfined aquifer of Quaternary sands in the Thiaroye area of Dakar (Senegal) to contamination using four GIS-based indices (DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N, SINTACS, SI). Our correlation of assessed vulnerability to observed impact is semi-quantitative, relating observed groundwater quality, based on nitrate concentrations and tryptophan-like fluorescence to vulnerability degrees (i.e. coincidence rates). We show that considerably more of the Thiaroye area has a “very high vulnerability” according to SI (36%) relative to DRASTIC (5%) and SINTACS (9%); “high vulnerability” is estimated using DRASTIC_N (100%), DRASTIC (66%) and SINTACS (69%). Single-parameter sensitivity tests show that groundwater depth, soil, topography, land use and redox parameters strongly influence assessments of groundwater vulnerability. Correlation with observed nitrate concentrations reveals aquifer vulnerability is better represented by SI (coincidence rates of 56%) relative to DRASTIC_N (43%), SINTACS (38%) and DRASTIC (34%). The underestimation of groundwater vulnerability in Dakar using DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N and SINTACS is attributed to their reliance on an assumed capacity of the unsaturated zone to attenuate surface or near-surface contaminant loading, which in the low-income (Thiaroye) area of Dakar is thin and affords limited protection. The inclusion of a land-use parameter in SI improves the characterization of groundwater vulnerability in this low-income, rapidly urbanizing area of Dakar.
Inclusion of milled canola grain in the diet of broilers
Authors: de Souza Cleverson , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , de Souza Cleison , Cesar Paula Horácio , Bedin Aline Felix Schneider , Lovatto Francieli Sordi , Gewehr Clóvis Eliseu
Published: November 2021

The effect of milled canola grain (MCG) in the diet of broiler chickens, from 1 to 42 days old, on performance, organ weight, biochemical profile, and carcass yield was evaluated. A total of 660 one-day-old male Cobb® broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six levels of inclusion of MCG in the diet (0; 5; 10; 15; 20, and 25%), totaling six treatments with five replicates of 22 birds. The canola used for the experiment was ground using a hammer mill with a 4.5 mm sieve to obtain a DGM of 955 µm. Performance data, organ index, blood biochemical profile, carcass yields, and cut up weights were evaluated. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when there was significance Dunnett’ test was used to compare the inclusion levels the control diet. An effect was seen on mean weights and on feed conversion based on the inclusion level of MCG in the diets. The birds that received 20 and 25% inclusion of canola in the diet presented a worse performance in relation to that of the control. For the other variables analyzed, no effect of the treatments was observed when compared with the control (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion level of MCG in the diet of up to 15% can be used without losses to the performance of birds and without influencing the metabolism of the birds.
Efficacy of standardized rehabilitation in the treatment of diastasis rectus abdominis in postpartum women in eastern China
Authors: Hu Jing , Gu Juanfen , Yu Zhiyan , Yang Xianxu , Fan Jian , You Lingying , Hua Qinyan , Zhao Yuting , Yan Yuerong , Bai Weiwei , Xu Zipeng , You Lina , Chen Chaobo
Published: November 2021

Background

The aim of the study is to retrospective summarize the experience and efficacy in the treatment of Diastasis Rectus Abdominis (DRA) via standardized rehabilitation procedures in eastern China.
Methods

This retrospective study included the parturients with DRA from January 2017 to May 2021 at the Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi. Patients were separated standardized rehabilitation group (SR) and non-standardized rehabilitation group (non-SR). The outcomes were the change of rectus abdominis separation and Physical Functioning Scale (PFs). Data of measurement were compared between the two groups using Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the factors associated with standardized rehabilitation process. P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results

A total of 294 patients with DRA were included in the study. Among the 294 patients, 171 patients were treated with SR (SR), and the other 123 patients were treated without SR process (non-SR). Comparing with non-SR, the separation of the rectus abdominis was statistically significantly reduced in SR after standardized rehabilitation treatment (p value<0.0001). The results of multiple linear regression model analysis suggested that standardized rehabilitation is an independent factor influencing the prognosis of DRA in Parturients (P<0.0001). The quality of life of the study group was statistically significantly improved (p value<0.0001).
Conclusions

Standardized rehabilitation method has the advantages of high efficiency in the treatment of DRA in postpartum women and can improve the quality of life of parturients.
Foliar Application of Flavonoids (rutin) Regulates Phytoremediation Efficiency of Amaranthus Hypochondriacus by Altering the Permeability of Cell Membranes and Immobilizing Excess Cd in the Cell Wall
Authors: Kang Yuchen , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Li , Li Na , Wang Yuhao , Ao Tianqi , Chen Wenqing
Published: November 2021

The gap between the current serious soil heavy metal (HM) contamination situation and the low efficiency of soil remediation has become one of the factors limiting economic development and human health. The aim of this study was to propose a method to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation by exogenous rutin application and to explain the potential mechanism. A series of rutin treatments were designed to evaluate the biomass, cadmium (Cd) accumulation and phytoremediation efficiency responses of Amaranthus hypochondriacus to different levels of rutin (0.5, 1.5, and 5 ppm) under different Cd stress levels (10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm). The determination of cell membrane damage indicators, the subcellular distribution of Cd and the establishment of a predictive model for Cd accumulation were also carried out. The results showed a decline in cell membrane damage with rutin application, and more Cd ions were immobilized in the cell wall than in the vacuole, resulting in an increase in Cd tolerance in plants. The addition of rutin caused significant effects on the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), including the advancement of the conversion of GSH to phytochelatins (PCs). Among them, PC2 and PC3 in the leaves contributed the most to the high accumulation of Cd in Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to the prediction model. Overall, the phytoremediation efficiency and phytoextraction amount of Amaranthus hypochondriacus with foliar rutin application were improved significantly by 260% and 319%, respectively. These findings can contribute to the further development of soil remediation in Cd-contaminated fields.
An Endeavor of ‘Deep-underground Agriculture’: Deep-underground Storage in a Gold Mine Impacts the Germination of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Seeds
Authors: Wang Yang , He Yuxin , Wang Jingchen , Liu Chao , Li Longguo , Tan Xiao , Tan Bo
Published: November 2021

Exploring and utilizing the agronomic potential of deep-underground is one of the ways to cope with the challenges of sudden environmental change on agriculture. Understanding the effects of environmental stresses on the morphological and physiological indicators of crop seeds after their storage deep-underground is crucial to developing and implementing strategies for agriculture in the deep-underground space. In this study, we stored canola seeds in envelopes or sealed packages at 0, 240, 690, and 1,410 m in a gold mine. Seeds in envelopes were retrieved at 42, 66, 90, and 227 days of storage, whereas seeds in sealed packages were retrieved at 66 and 227 days of storage. The germination tests were conducted to investigate the effects of storage depth, duration, and packing method on stored and non-stored seeds. Results showed that increased depth and duration led to decreased seed germination rate, with the germination and vigor indexes also descending to varying degrees. Increased hypocotyl length and biomass accumulation suggested that deep-underground environment had more significant compensatory effect on seed germination. For all indicators, the performance of seeds sealed in packages was superior to those stored in envelopes. Regression analysis showed that it was difficult to obtain the optimal value of each indicator simultaneously. The successful germination experiment foreshadowed the possibilities of deep-underground agriculture in the future.
Effects of La2O3 Nanoparticles and Bulk-La2O3 on the Development of Pfaffia Glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen and Respective Nutrient Elements Concentration
Authors: Neves Vinicius Machado , Heidrich Graciela Marini , Costa Camila Cavalheiro , Farias Julia Gomes , Nicoloso Fernando Teixeira , Pozebon Dirce , Dressler Valderi Luiz
Published: November 2021

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been progressively applied in the last decades, which may impact the environment. Synthesis of pigments and nutrient elements uptake by plants can also be affected by NPs. The influence of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NPs) on growth, pigments synthesis and nutrient elements uptake by Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, a medicinal plant native in South America, were evaluated in the present study. P. glomerata plantlets were cultivated for 28 days in the absence (control) and presence of 100, 200 and 400 mg L−1 of La2O3 NPs or bulk-La2O3 (b-La2O3) at the same cultivation conditions. Root development, aerial part growth and pigments concentration in plants were affected by b-La2O3 and La2O3 NPs, mainly by La2O3 NPs. Calcium, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn determination in stems and leaves revealed drastically and similar decrease of nutrient elements in plants cultivated in presence of 400 mg L−1 of La2O3 NPs or b-La2O3. Alteration of nutrient elements concentration was also observed for the other treatments. Mapping of elements (using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in leaves of plants submitted to treatment with 400 mg L−1 of b-La2O3 or La2O3 NPs showed differences in the distribution of elements, indicating distinct effects of b-La2O3 and La2O3 NPs on P. glomerata. As such, this study demonstrated that La2O3 NPs may impact plants growth.
Prognostic Indicators and Treatment Strategies for Diffuse Midline Glioma: a Systematic Review
Authors: Fiorino Michael , Kostick Nathan , Baughn Caroline , Bolufer Alexander , Iwai Takuma , Alkassis Fariz , Scherer Andrea
Published: November 2021

IntroductionDiffuse Midline Gliomas (DMGs) are a class of grade IV gliomas associated with a very dismal prognosis. Despite many decades of research, a cure for DMG has yet to be found. In this paper, we will review the drugs and therapeutic techniques published in the scientific literature for DMG.MethodsA comprehensive search of current literature was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed. Relevant studies were identified among those in the English language published after 1990 to the present. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search term consisted of the singular phrase “diffuse midline glioma”. Prior to completion of the full-text review, a total of 298 articles were identified as of 26 April 2021. For this systematic review, 20 studies were included after review.ResultsRecent genetic testing has identified a H3K27M mutation that is characteristic of DMGs. This finding has helped pave the way in developing new therapeutic agents and techniques for DMG. Although these newer drugs and therapeutic modalities have not been shown to cure DMG, some of them have been shown to increase overall survival and reduce symptom severity in select patients.ConclusionsAt this point in time, there is no best treatment agent/modality for patients with DMG; rather, the treatment plan should be tailored to the patient’s specific type of DMG. More research is needed to develop better therapeutics and provide improved outcomes to patients.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Utilization of Emergency Contraception Among Women of Reproductive Age in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Negussie Getu Teshome , Jima Aman , Shiferaw Alemu
Published: November 2021

Background: Unintended pregnancies, pregnancies that occur within short intervals as well as unsafe abortion could be avoided by using contraceptives. Therefore: assessment of emergency contraceptives among unmarried women is importance because of high rates of unintended sexual intercourse leading to unwanted pregnancies as well as unsafe abortion. Methods: A cross-sectional community based household survey was conducted among 965 women chosen by systematic random sampling at Arsi zone. Descriptive statistics was presented with text and frequency tables. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out by Epi Info version 5.3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21. The association was also presented using odds ratios and 95% confidence levels. P-value of < 0.05 is used to declare the significance of association between variables. Results: From the total respondent participated in the study, 373 (38.7 %), 61.8%, and 11.2% of the total unmarried women had awareness, attitude and used emergency contraception respectively. Age, educational status, occupation, having experience of sexual intercourse and having discussion on reproductive health are significantly associated with awareness of emergency contraception. Conclusions: There is high level of knowledge, but low utilization of emergency contraceptives among unmarried women. Therefore, there is a need to emphasize on increasing awareness and accessibly as an option with other contraceptive method to all unmarried women in the study area.
Non-fluorinated non-solvating cosolvent enabling superior performance of lithium metal anode battery
Authors: Moon Jun yeob , Kim Dong Ok , Bekaert Lieven , Song Munsoo , Chung Jinkyu , Lee Danwon , Hubin Annick , Lim Jongwoo
Published: November 2021

Lithium–ion solvation governs the performance of lithium metal anode (LMA) by tuning its interfacial stability. Solvation degree is modulated by adopting fluorinated non-solvating cosolvents (FNSC) to induce anion-rich solvation structure which is beneficial in constructing mechanically stable interface to suppress lithium dendrite. However, FNSC exhibits low cathodic stability owing to their low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, aggravating long-term cycling of LMA. We establish that spectroscopically measured Lewis basicity and polarity are critical parameters for designing optimal non-solvating cosolvents. Non-fluorinated non-solvating cosolvents (NFNSC) proposed by our design rule (i.e. anisole, ethoxybenzene and furan) delivered 99.0 % coulombic efficiency over 1400 cycles. In these molecules, the aromatic ring delocalizes oxygen electron pairs and lowers solvation capability, confirmed by electrochemical cycling, Raman spectroscopy, and DFT binding energy calculation. Finally, the quantification of remaining NFNSC in the electrolytes using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy proves their reductive stability for extended cycles.
Adsorption of Malachite Green From Aqueous Solution Using Hydroxyethyl Starch Hydrogel Improved by Graphene Oxide
Authors: Onder Alper , Kıvanç Mehmet Rıza , Durmuş Seçil , Ilgin Pinar , Ozay Hava , Ozay Ozgur
Published: November 2021

This study is the first report of the preparation of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) hydrogels rapidly crosslinked with divinyl sulfone in a single step and single pot. To develop the physical and chemical features of hydrogels, Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were combined with the crosslinked HES. In addition to swelling studies, structural characterization of the samples was conducted with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For the removal of malachite green model dye by GO-HES, the effects of GO content, solution concentration, temperature, contact duration, dosage and pH on varying adsorption features were researched. Additionally, adsorption isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic systematics were analyzed. The maximum adsorption capacity of GO-HES composite hydrogel was found to be 89.3 mg/g for Langmuir isotherm. The possible adsorption mechanism of the composite hydrogels for malachite green dye involved electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions. In addition to reasonable cost and simple synthesis method, the prepared composite materials have potential use in wastewater treatment as adsorbents for the removal of dye from aqueous solutions due to efficient adsorption capacity.
Investigation of Gas Nitriding Effect on Damping Ratio of Steel 1.7225 and Cutting Vibration of Indexable End Mill Made from It During the Straight Groove
Authors: Rahi Abbas , Hosseinpour Mahdi , Mahdikhani Behrouz , Inanloo Elham
Published: November 2021

End-milling is a cutting technology that removes material from machined workpieces by end mill and is widely used to manufacture parts. Moreover, this process is prone to vibration due to low stiffness. Also, nitriding is a surface hardening process with lots of effects on mechanical properties. This study investigated the effect of gas nitriding on a nitrided end mill in comparison with an unnitrided end mill and showed significant improvement in vibration peak and RMS during end milling. To clarify the reason for this improvement this article carried out a modal test to show how nitriding affected the natural frequency and damping ratio of the nitrided and unnitrided samples and showed that tool rigidity remained the same while damping ratio increased so we claimed nitriding improved damping ratio without change of tool rigidity. For verifying this claim we modeled, meshed, and analyzed for obtaining tool natural frequency both for nitrided and unnitrided tool and compared with extracted natural frequencies from each tool FFT diagram during straight grooving. We showed that the natural frequencies were the same with less than 3 percent change so we concluded that nitriding led to better tool performance by increasing the damping ratio without any significant change in the tool stiffness.
Principal component regression of carcass traits in meat line funaab alpha chicken genotype
Authors: Wheto Mathew , Chima Nkiruka Goodness , Ojoawo Henry T , Adeleke Matthew A , Peters Sunday O , Yakubu AbdulMojeed , Adebambo Olutumininu A , Adebambo Olufunmilayo A
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to assess the relationship among carcass traits of meat line FUNAAB Alpha chicken genotype, to identify the components that defined bled weight in them using multivariate principal component regression. A total of 14 different carcass traits from sixty-eight birds were recorded and subjected to one-way analysis of variance to vet for sex effect. Phenotypic relationships among the carcass traits were also established to pave way for the principal component analysis. The results reveal significant effects between the traits measured. The male significantly (P<0.05) had greater mean values for the traits measured. Correlations among the considered carcass traits were found to be positive and significant ranging from r = 0.406 (LrWt) - 0.981 (EdWt) for the female chicken; r = 0.330 (Head Wt) - 0.978 (BdWt) for the male chicken. The extracted components PC1 to PC7 contributed 95.66% with PC1 accounting for 68.68% of the variability in the original parameters. Communality estimates varied from 0.466 (thigh weight) to 0.983 (liver weight). In the principal component regression models, Eviscerated weight accounted for 95% of the variation observed in bled weight. The use of PC1 as a single predictor, explained 96.4% of the variability, whilst combining PC1 and PC4 showed improvements in the variance explained (R2 = 96.7%) with a lower Mallow's cp (5.31). Using the principal components scores from the chicken morphometric traits was more appropriate than using the original traits in bled weight prediction.
Effect of End-of-Life Nursing Education on the Knowledge and Performance of Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Shushtari Sima Sadat Ghaemizade , Molavynejad Shahram , Adineh Mohammad , Savaie Mohsen , Sharhani Asaad
Published: November 2021

Background: End-of-life care education is required for nurses to acquire the clinical competence necessary for the improvement of the quality of end-of-life nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nursing care education based on End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) on the knowledge and performance of nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU).Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design. From among nurses working in the ICU of Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran, 80 nurses were selected based on the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (40 people in each group) using a table of random numbers. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, the ELNEC Knowledge Assessment Test (ELNEC-KAT), ‎and the Program in Palliative Care Education and Practice Questionnaire (German Revised Version; PCEP-GR‎).Results: A significant difference was observed between the study groups in terms of the average knowledge score in all 9 modules including nursing care, pain management and control, disease symptom management, ethical/legal issues, culture, communication with the patient and his/her family, loss and grief, death, and quality of life (QOL) (P < 0.001). Moreover, the average performance score of nurses in the fields of preparation for providing palliative care, self-assessment of ability to communicate with dying patients and their relatives, self-assessment of knowledge and skills in palliative care increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: End-of-life nursing education is recommended as an effective method for promoting knowledge, attitude, performance, and clinical competence among all nurses involved in end-of-life care.
Identification of The Intersegmental Plane By Arterial-Ligation Method During Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy
Authors: Zhao Heng , He Haiqi , Ma Lei , Fan Kun , Feng Jinteng , Zhao Rui , Wen Xiaopeng , Zhang Jia , Wu Qifei , Fu Junke , Zhang Guangjian
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of identifying the intersegmental plane by arterial ligation alone during thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy.
Methods

We selected 35 patients with peripheral small lung nodules who underwent thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy between May and December 2020. First, the targeted segmental arteries were distinguished and ligated during the operation. Then, bilateral pulmonary ventilation was performed with pure oxygen to fully inflate the entirety pulmonary lobes. After waiting for a while, the intersegmental plane appeared. Finally, the intersegmental plane was observed using thoracoscopy after indocyanine green was injected into the peripheral vein. The intersegmental planes determined by these two methods were compared.
Results

Thirty-four patients underwent segmental resection and one patient finally underwent lobectomy. The intersegmental planes were successfully observed in all patients using the arterial ligation method. The time from contralateral pulmonary ventilation to the appearance of the intersegmental plane was 13.7±3.2 min (6-19 min). The intersegmental planes determined by the arterial ligation method and the fluorescence method were comparable. After the operation, CT examinations showed that the remaining lung segments of all patients were well inflated. The mean duration of closed thoracic drainage was 3.1±0.9 days.
Conclusion

The arterial ligation method can be used to determine the intersegmental plane in anatomical segmentectomy. The method is feasible, reliable, and safe.
Phenomics: A Way to Increase and Refine Treatment Options in Psychopathology
Authors: Cuartas-Arias Mauricio
Published: November 2021

Editorial
Aprendizado Incremental de Redes RBF via Agrupamento Evolutivo de Fluxos de Dados
Authors: Menegaldi Thais Macela de Lira , Coelho Rodrigo Amador , Castro Cristiano Leite
Published: November 2021

Em virtude da era do Big Data e dos dispositivos IoT (Internet of Things), onde diversas aplicações presentes no cotidiano das pessoas geram dados a todo momento, surgiu uma demanda por modelos de aprendizado de máquina que são capazes de operar eficientemente em fluxos de dados contínuos. Na literatura há inúmeros algoritmos propostos para esse cenário, entretanto, em sua maioria, tratam-se de modelos de elevada complexidade e que tipicamente requerem o ajuste de diversos hiperparâmetros. O presente trabalho propõe uma maneira simples e eficaz de se definir a topologia da camada escondida da rede neural de base radial, dando a ela a capacidade de aprender incrementalmente. Esta abordagem baseia-se no algoritmo de clusterização evolutiva MicroTeda, tornando possível a atualização da arquitetura da rede à medida que novas amostras de dados são recebidas. Resultados preliminares obtidos sobre bases de dados sintéticas e reais demonstram que a abordagem proposta é promissora mesmo diante de mudanças de conceito (concept drifts) abruptas e graduais.
Cytotoxic effect of Myrtus communis, Aristolochia longa, and Calycotome spinosa on human erythrocyte cells
Authors: Gadouche Leila , Zidane Azdinia , Zerrouki Khayra , Azouni Karima , Bouinoune Saadia
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Myrtus communis, Aristolochia longa, and Calycotome spinosa are medicinal plants frequently used in Algeria. Some plants can cause a fragility of the erythrocyte membrane and lead to hemolysis. Therefore, we aimed to study the cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts from the aerial part of these species against red blood cells.

Study objects and methods. The hemolytic effect was determined spectrophotometrically by incubating an erythrocyte solution with different concentrations of the aqueous extracts (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) at 37°C during one hour. In addition, we performed phytochemical screening and measured the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids.

Results and discussion. After one hour of incubation of human red blood cells with the aqueous extracts at different concentrations, the hemolysis percentage showed a significant leak of hemoglobin with A. longa (68.75 ± 6.11%; 200 mg/mL), the most toxic extract followed by C. spinosa (34.86 ± 5.06%; 200 mg/mL). In contrast, M. communis showed very low cytotoxicity (20.13 ± 3.11%; 200 mg/mL).

Conclusion. These plants are sources of a wide range of bioactive compounds but their use in traditional medicine must be adapted to avoid any toxic effect.
Women’s Issue in the Worldview of the Russian Right-wingers in the Late Imperial Period
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanov Andrey A.
Published: November 2021

The paper addresses and analyzes the attitude towards women and the question of women’s rights of the Russian right-wing politicians in the early 20th century. The paper demonstrates the views of the right-wingers on the place of women in the Russian society; their attitude toward feminism and fight for women’ rights; place and role of women in the right monarchical movement. The paper introduces some new sources into the scholarship which enable to reconsider conventional viewpoints on the attitude of rightists toward the question of women’s rights and to enhance the perception of the place of this question in ideology and practice of the pre-revolutionary Russian conservatism. Based on church and patriarchal convictions, the right-wingers largely limited women’s activities by family life, but their views on the issue of women’s rights did not rule out progress in this area. Right-wingers were not opposed to extension of women’s participation in labor activity, albeit with significant reservations. Being foes of feminism and emancipation of women, they tried to shapre a negative image of women’s rights activists, connecting this fight with the revolutionary attacks on traditional social foundations and statehood. At the same time, the right-wingers were utterly alien to misogyny; they celebrated an ideal of womanhood corresponding to their conservative worldview. The right-wingers willingly admitted women into their unions, but tended to perceive them not as party activists and leaders but as a force that would quell political tension inside the monarchical movement and would primarily deal with issues of culture, philanthropy, education, and other “womanish” matters.
Sex, Lies and Career. Piquant Motifs of the Lives of Russian Dignitaries
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Górak Artur G.
Published: November 2021

On the eve of the World War I, the western peripheries of the Russian Empire were home to diasporas of Russian officials, military men and their families. Being isolated from local communities but at the same time highly hierarchically organised, they functioned solely within their own circle. Everyone knew one another to the most intimate detail. Nevertheless, their private lives often failed to meet the requirements imposed on the Russian officials residing in the borderland, which was reflected in the reports of the gendarmerie and memoirs, but silenced in the official documents of the institutions. Every once in a while, a lucky historian happens to stumble upon an opportunity to look at the same event from different angles through various types of sources. By presenting various cases of informal relations of Russian dignitaries (governors and vice-governors) with women in the Kingdom of Poland, the article analyses their impact on life and career. The author introduces the reader to characters of three Russian officials, of middle ranking on the scale of empire and dignitaries in the local hierarchy. The first, Mikhail Viktorovich Seletsky, the vice-governor of Lublin, despite his very good education and qualifications, committed suicide as a result of unhappy love for the governor’s daughter. The second, Ivan Dmitrievich Zaushkevich, the vice-governor of Sedlets, was ruined by a scandal with his mistresses, Jewish sisters, by whom he had children. In contrast, the third, Semyon Nikolaevich Korf, governor of Lomzhа and then Warsaw, despite his rather licentious behavior, made a relatively good career, which was only temporarily stopped by his stay in German captivity. The presented examples show the discrepancy between the official image of a representative of power with a rather conservative ideology and their everyday life, especially their sexual life. So, on the one hand, their way of life did not differ from the social norms of the time, which were already quite free at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, especially on the western edge of the Empire. On the other hand, they were criticized by their superiors and the political police.
The Origins of Homo Bellicosus (Armed Violence and Warfare in the Stone Age)
Authors:   Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vishnyatsky Leonid B.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review and analysis of the main archaeological and paleoanthropological markers of armed violence in the period from the emergence of the first stone tools (Lower Paleolithic, ca. 3 mya) to the appearance of metalworking (Eneolithic, ca. 5 kya). This evidence is then used as a basis for assessing the dynamics of armed violence on the chronological scale. Until now this subject has received little attention in the Russian scholarship (in contrast to the Western one). Empirically, the paper is focused on the materials from three Old World continents: Africa, Europe and Asia. Particular attention is given to the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic human skeletal remains bearing the marks of traumas inflicted by weapons, including bones with embedded projectiles. The available evidence makes it possible to try to ascertain the main shifts in the historical dynamics of armed violence during the Stone Age. Its role appears to have substantially increased at least twice: first, at the turn of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic and, second, in the Late Neolithic / Early Eneolithic, that is at the turn of the Stone Age and Early Metal Period. It was exactly during this period that Homo bellicosus for the first time enters the arena of history not as an occasional and secondary actor, but as the main cast. Material and ideological changes and novelties serving to and associated with armed violence and warfare, that can be observed from the end of the Neolithic, are clearly indicative of the process of militarization of culture.
Modern Data on the Bronze Age Radiocarbon Chronology in the Minusinsk Basins
Authors:   Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Poliakov Andrei V. , Svyatko Svetlana ,   14CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology
Published: November 2021

In 2009, the first radiocarbon chronology of the Bronze Age and Scythian period of the Minusinsk Basins was published, which laid foundation for a system analysis of further results. Over the past decade, the total number of radiocarbon definitions has further increased by almost a quarter. The most important changes have affected the chronological frames of Afanasyeva Culture. A vast series of new AMS dates obtained from the Altai Mountains sites showed that a significant number of the earlier age estimates erroneously suggested the sites to be considerably older. This phenomenon probably affected the Minusinsk Basins as well. The new dates shifted the boundaries of the Afanasyeva Culture in the Middle Yenisei Region to the 30th–25th c. BC, and the timing of the earliest Okunev Culture burials to the end of the 26th c. BC rather than the beginning of the 25th c. BC. This suggests a 100-year period of coexistence of the Afanasyeva and Okunev Cultures. Moreover, the new dates filled the “hiatus” between the end of the Okunev and beginning of the Andronovo Culture, discussed in 2009. The end of the Okunev can now be attributed to the 17th c. BC. The new dates fully confirm the narrow chronology of the Andronovo (Fedorov) Culture on the Middle Yenisei — 17th–15th c. BC. Minor changes are seen at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basins, previously called the Karasuk Culture. The new determinations suggest the end of the 15th c. BC as the beginning of this period, which is somewhat older than previously thought. The end of the Bronze Age is still dated to the end of the 9th c. BC.
Cultural Results of the Youth Revolution
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baryshnikov Vladimir N. , Borisenko Victor N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Plenkov Oleg Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2021

The review of the book “The Long ‘68: Radical Protest and its Enemies” by R. Vainen analyzes the contribution made by the author to the study of the problems of social disturbances in the West in 1968 and their further consequences. R. Vainen rightly points out that what happened can be likened to a world revolution — similarly to the revolution of 1848 in Europe. The author also does not hide his sympathies and dislikes, taking a very clear political position, although some of his assessments and emphasis (in particular, the arbitrary exclusion of Italy and Japan from the analysis) may cause objections. In addition, the author was well aware that the youth of “68” believed that the West was to blame for the troubles of the third world countries. This meant that developing countries should, first, “be left alone” with complete freedom of choice, and, secondly, they should be given means for economic development. Of course, the reader may not share the concept presented in the study of the English professor, but in any case it is of interest. Also, Vainen’s analysis of the prospects of the “long” 1968 might be corrected: it seems that these prospects can be extended to the position and indoctrination of the “new right” both in the United States and in other countries. But in general, Richard Vainen is right regarding 1968 as the touchstone of the most acute ideological struggle, which provided the world with new role models and inspiration.