bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A frameshift variant in the EXT1 gene in a feline leukemia virus‐negative cat with osteochondromatosis
Authors: Fujii Yuji , Uno Akihiro , Takitani Shinichi , Iwasaki Ryota , Yoshikawa Ryutaro , Okajima Misuzu , Makino Yasushi , Ito Naoto , Mori Takashi
Published: June 2022

Osteochondromatosis is a benign proliferative disorder characterized by cartilage‐capped bony protuberances. In humans and most mammals, variants in the EXT1 or EXT2 gene are strongly correlated with the etiology of osteochondromatosis. However, in cats, osteochondromatosis has only been associated with feline leukemia virus infection. In this study, to explore other factors involved in the etiology of feline osteochondromatosis, we examined the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in a feline leukemia virus‐negative cat with osteochondromatosis. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous single base pair duplication in exon 6 of the EXT1 gene (XM_023248762.2:c.1468dupC), leading to a premature stop codon in the EXT1 protein. Notably, this frameshift variant is recognized as one of the most common pathogenic variants in human osteochondromatosis. Our data suggest for the first time that genetic variants can have etiologic roles in osteochondromatosis in cats, as in humans and other animals.
Introduction of diabetic retinopathy screening into an antenatal clinic: Impact on maternal screening and diagnosis rates
Authors: Phillips Jessica L. , Raja Vignesh , Mehrotra Chhaya , Richards Josephine , Khan Jane , Graham Dorothy F.
Published: June 2022

Pregnancy is a risk factor for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in women with pre‐gestational diabetes. However, a minority of pregnant women with diabetes adhere to retinal screening recommendations. The introduction of an onsite retinal camera at our tertiary maternity hospital significantly increased the proportion of women who received at least one retinal screen during pregnancy (93.0% vs 54.3%, P < 0.001) and the identification of both DR and DR progression. We conclude that the use of a retinal camera in similar clinics is a feasible option to improve DR screening and diagnosis rates in pregnancy.
Peripheral chemoreflex activation induces expiratory but not inspiratory excitation of C1 pre‐sympathetic neurones of rats
Authors: da Silva Melina P. , Spiller Pedro F. , Paton Julian F. R. , Moraes Davi J. A.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors, as during hypoxia, increases breathing and respiratory‐related sympathetic bursting. Activation of catecholaminergic C1 neurones induces sympathoexcitation, while its ablation reduces the chemoreflex sympathoexcitatory response. However, no study has determined the respiratory phase(s) in which the pre‐sympathetic C1 neurones are recruited by peripheral chemoreceptor and whether C1 neurone activation affects all phases of respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity. We addressed these unknowns by testing the hypothesis that peripheral chemoreceptor activation excites pre‐sympathetic C1 neurones during inspiration and expiration.

Methods

Using the in situ preparation of rat, we made intracellular recordings from baroreceptive pre‐sympathetic C1 neurones during peripheral chemoreflex stimulation. We optogenetically activated C1 neurones selectively and compared any respiratory‐phase‐related increases in sympathetic activity with that which occurs following stimulation of the peripheral chemoreflex.

Results

Activation of peripheral chemoreceptors using cytotoxic hypoxia (potassium cyanide) increased the firing frequency of C1 neurones and both the frequency and amplitude of their excitatory post‐synaptic currents during the phase of expiration only. In contrast, optogenetic stimulation of C1 neurones activates inspiratory neurones, which secondarily inhibit expiratory neurones, but produced comparable increases in sympathetic activity across all phases of respiration.

Conclusion

Our data reveal that the peripheral chemoreceptor‐mediated expiratory‐related sympathoexcitation is mediated through excitation of expiratory neurones antecedent to C1 pre‐sympathetic neurones; these may be found in the Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus. Despite peripheral chemoreceptor excitation of inspiratory neurones, these do not trigger C1 neurone‐mediated increases in sympathetic activity. These studies provide compelling novel insights into the functional organization of respiratory–sympathetic neural networks.
Organizational and vocational behavior in times of crisis: A review of empirical work undertaken during the COVID‐19 pandemic and introduction to the special issue
Authors: Newman Alexander , Eva Nathan , Bindl Uta K. , Stoverink Adam C.
Published: June 2022

The challenges faced by individuals and organizations during the COVID‐19 crisis have significantly changed how businesses operate. In response, how we think about organizational and vocational behavior research has shifted. Questions of how leaders manage their workforce, how workers manage their daily work demands, and how workers consider their career options during and post the pandemic have attracted scholars' interest to assist businesses with recalibrating to a “new normal.” Presented in this special issue are 10 original articles that seek to propel the organizational and vocational behavior fields forward, addressing questions important in the context of crises, on working life. In our introduction to the special issue, we set the scene for this new research by reviewing the organizational and vocational behavior literature published over the first 2 years of the pandemic that has explored the impact of the COVID‐19 crisis on organizations and workers. This existing body of research covers emotions, work attitudes and behaviors, health and well‐being, and team and career‐related outcomes in the context of the crisis. The special issue also reflects on the enduring challenges for organizational and vocational behavior scholars conducting research during times of crisis to provide a roadmap for future research.
Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1‐targeted near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Fukushima Hiroshi , Kato Takuya , Furusawa Aki , Okada Ryuhei , Wakiyama Hiroaki , Furumoto Hideyuki , Okuyama Shuhei , Kondo Eisaku , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka
Published: June 2022

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and conventional chemotherapy and molecular‐targeted therapies show limited efficacy. Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a new anticancer treatment that selectively damages the cell membrane of cancer cells based on NIR light‐induced photochemical reactions of the antibody (Ab)‐photoabsorber (IRDye700Dx) conjugate and the cell membrane. TNBC is known to express several adhesion molecules on the cell surface providing a potential new target for therapy. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1)‐targeted NIR‐PIT using xenograft mouse models subcutaneously inoculated with two human ICAM‐1‐expressing TNBC cell lines, MDAMB468‐luc and MDAMB231 cells. In vitro ICAM‐1‐targeted NIR‐PIT damaged both cell types in a NIR light dose‐dependent manner. In vivo ICAM‐1‐targeted NIR‐PIT in both models showed early histological signs of cancer cell damage, such as cytoplasmic vacuolation. Even among the cancer cells that appeared to be morphologically intact within 2 h post treatment, abnormal distribution of the actin cytoskeleton and a significant decrease in Ki‐67 positivity were observed, indicating widespread cellular injury reflected in cytoplasmic degeneration. Such damage to cancer cells by NIR‐PIT significantly inhibited subsequent tumor growth and improved survival. This study suggests that ICAM‐1‐targeted NIR‐PIT could have potential clinical application in the treatment of TNBC.
The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide inhibits urinary bladder cancers via suppression of β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Matsue Taisuke , Gi Min , Shiota Masayuki , Tachibana Hirokazu , Suzuki Shugo , Fujioka Masaki , Kakehashi Anna , Yamamoto Tomoki , Kato Minoru , Uchida Junji , Wanibuchi Hideki
Published: June 2022

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in maintaining pH homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of CA2 was associated with invasion and progression of urothelial carcinoma (UC) in humans. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the CA inhibitor acetazolamide (Ace) on N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)‐induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice and explore the function of CA2 in muscle invasion by UC. Male mice were treated with 0.025% (experiment 1) or 0.05% BBN (experiment 2) in their drinking water for 10 weeks, then treated with cisplatin (Cis), Ace, or Cis plus Ace for 12 weeks. In experiment 1, the overall incidence of BBN‐induced UCs was significantly decreased in the BBN→Ace and BBN→Cis+Ace groups. In experiment 2, the overall incidence of BBN‐induced UCs was significantly decreased in the BBN→Cis+Ace group, and the incidence of muscle invasive UC was significantly decreased in both the BBN→Ace and the BBN→Cis+Ace groups. We also show that overexpression of CA2 by human UC cells T24 and UMUC3 significantly increased their migration and invasion capabilities, and that Ace significantly inhibited migration and invasion by CA2‐overexpressing T24 and UMUC3 cells. These data demonstrate a functional association of CA2 with UC development and progression, confirming the association of CA2 with UC that we had shown previously by immunohistochemical analysis of human UC specimens and proteome analysis of BBN‐induced UC in rats. Our finding that inhibition of CA2 inhibits UC development and muscle invasion also directly confirms that CA2 is a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancers.
Development of a novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor with potent antitumor activity and immune activation
Authors: Du Mengyan , Yu Ting , Zhan Qinjinge , Li Han , Zou Yiping , Geng Meiyu , Meng Tao , Xie Zuoquan
Published: June 2022

Lactate accumulation in the tumor microenvironment was shown to be closely related to tumor growth and immune escape, and suppression of lactate production by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) has been pursued as a potential novel antitumor strategy. However, only a few potent LDHA inhibitors have been developed and most of them did not show potent antitumor effects in vivo. To this end, we designed new LDHA inhibitors and obtained a novel potent LDHA inhibitor, ML‐05. ML‐05 inhibited cellular lactate production and tumor cell proliferation, which was associated with inhibition of ATP production and induction of reactive oxygen species and G1 phase arrest. In a mouse B16F10 melanoma model, intratumoral injection of ML‐05 significantly reduced lactate production, inhibited tumor growth, and released antitumor immune response of T cell subsets (Th1 and GMZB+CD8 T cells) in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, ML‐05 treatment combined with programmed cell death‐1 Ab or stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) could sensitize the antitumor activity in B16F10 melanoma model. Collectively, we developed a novel potent LDHA inhibitor, ML‐05, that elicited profound antitumor activity when injected locally, and was associated with the activation of antitumor immunity. In addition, ML‐05 could sensitize immunotherapies, which suggests great translational value.
Papulonecrotic tuberculid
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Sadhasivamohan Anusuya , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: June 2022

Papulonecrotic tuberculid (PNT) is an uncommon form of id eruption, which occurs in association with tuberculosis infections in patients with a high degree of immunity and allergic sensitivity to mycobacterial organisms. It commonly presents as recurrent crops of papulonecrotic lesions that crust or ulcerate, and heal with atrophic varioliform scars over time. The differential diagnoses of PTN are wide and varying. Tuberculin test is usually strongly positive. Histology shows tuberculoid histology with endarteritis and thrombosis of dermal blood vessels. One of the hallmarks of PNT is its prompt response to antituberculous therapy. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of this condition among dermatologists.
Normal salivary production using a swab method in clinical settings
Authors: Møller Patrick Rønde , Kærsgaard Mathias Lyngbye , Grydehøj Jolanta , Ovesen Therese
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to generate age‐ and gender‐based normative data for unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR) by means of a swab method, and to provide preliminary results of using the test in patients suspected of reduced salivary function.

Methods

The 130 healthy participants without subjective xerostomia or suspicion of reduced salivation were recruited. Measurements of uSFR were conducted three times per subject and mean uSFR was calculated for the entire population and stratified according to age and gender. The method was applied in a pilot population of 25 patients suffering from either Sjögren's syndrome or had underwent irradiation of the head and neck.

Results

Mean uSFR in the healthy group was 0.808 g/min (range: 0.165–2.442). Not significant trends towards declining uSFR with increasing age and higher uSFR in women were seen. Mean uSFR in the patients was 0.429 g/min (range: 0.111–1.448), which was significantly lower than normative values. Use of xerogenic drugs correlated to lower uSFR.

Conclusion

Age‐ and gender‐based normative data of uSFR was presented using a fast and readily implementable swab test. The test was able to objectively verify hyposalivation among patients suffering from Sjögren's syndrome or having been exposed to head and neck radiation.
Effects of ultra‐pure soft water on the hands of nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Okazaki Kaoru , Fujino Yuta , Morikawa Yoshihiko
Published: June 2022

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) wash their hands with tap water (TW) and soap. However, hard TW causes dermatitis.

Objectives

The present study aimed to compare the effects of ultra‐pure soft water (UPSW) with those of TW on the hands of HWCs.

Methods

The present study was a prospective randomized trial with a crossover design. All the nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the study centre were divided into Sequence 1 (UPSW to TW) or 2 (TW to UPSW) and washed their hands with TW or UPSW in alternating 4‐week periods with a 4‐week washout period. Trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were evaluated. Skin condition was self‐assessed.

Results

Twenty‐one and 22 nurses were assigned to Sequence 1 and Sequence 2, respectively. USPW increased SCH to a significantly greater degree than TW (mean: 26.3 μS ± 12.3 SD; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–51.54;p = 0.041) although it did not affect TEWL. UPSW use significantly improved the subjects' skin condition, as reflected in an overall increase in the assessment scores.

Conclusions

UPSW improved SCH and the condition of hand skin. Prolonged USPW use may increase nurses' comfort during work and hand hygiene compliance.
Good news for a rare plant: Fine‐resolution distributional predictions and field testing for the critically endangered plant Dianthus pseudocrinitus
Authors: Behroozian Maryam , Peterson A. Townsend , Joharchi Mohammad Reza , Atauchi P. Joser , Memariani Farshid , Arjmandi Ali Asghar
Published: June 2022

Many endangered species are distributed in narrow geographic ranges, often at severe risk of extinction. Ecological niche modeling can be used to identify suitable areas, which can be surveyed to detect additional populations. We combined remotely sensed data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and field sampling to increase distributional knowledge of the species and improve understanding of its conservation status. We identified numerous new sites for a rare plant (Dianthus pseudocrinitus) and tested model‐based predictions of its full geographic distribution. Using only eight occurrences, we developed initial models, which guided detailed field sampling: 11 new sites were identified, but models were unable to predict better than random expectations. A second round of models did show significant predictive ability and pointed to a broader geographic and environmental distribution of the species. As a consequence, the conservation status of the species should be upgraded from Critically Endangered to Endangered. We identified six protected areas (Golestan, Ghorkhoud, Miandasht, Salouk, Sarani, Sarigol) that likely hold populations of this species; one area adjacent to Ghorkhoud Protected Area, if protected, would protect the best‐known populations of the species. Our results highlight the importance of combining modeling with field sampling in characterizing distributions of rare and endangered species.
Spatio‐temporal co‐occurrence of Anastrepha species in papaya orchards in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Araujo Mayara R. , Martins David S. , Fornazier Maurício J. , Uramoto Keiko , Ferreira Paulo F. , Zucchi Roberto A. , Godoy Wesley A. C.
Published: June 2022

The variation in co‐occurrence between pests may influence spatio‐temporal persistence strategies of species, with implications for pest management. The co‐occurrence of Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in papaya orchards was investigated in areas at different distances from a native forest reserve in Espírito Santo, Brazil, to investigate positive, negative, or random interactions, understood as potential coexistence, interspecific competition, or neutral interactions, respectively. Data were obtained from a papaya‐growing area divided into three sub‐areas – a buffer zone bordering the forest, neighbourhood 1, and neighbourhood 2 – and the co‐occurrence results were compared with the entire area. The buffer zone along the protected native Atlantic Forest (semideciduous seasonal forest vegetation) was created to filter negative environmental impacts. Neighbourhood 1 was closer to the forest than neighbourhood 2. Based on a long‐term dataset from 1998 to 2010, co‐occurrence of fruit flies was investigated by comparing two periods: from 1998 to 2003, when a special pest management system was implemented, termed the systems approach, and from 2004 to 2010, showing the impact of this system on fruit fly diversity. The strength of interaction between species was also evaluated for significant co‐occurrences. The patterns of co‐occurrence and interaction of Anastrepha species were influenced by area and time. In all scenarios, only positive and random associations were observed, with Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) showing the most positive associations. Co‐occurrence was greater in areas farther from the reserve. However, the strength of the interaction between the areas showed little variation. We concluded that the distance from the reserve and the pest management (systems approach) influenced co‐occurrence, as species co‐occurred much more frequently when collected far from the native forest. The impact during the period of the systems approach (1998–2003) provided fewer positive associations, but with stronger interactions over time. These results confirm that identifying pest co‐occurrence distribution patterns in crops and the respective neighbourhoods can be helpful in improving strategies for pest management associated with a systems approach.
Neural processing and perception of Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes in the gerbil: Relating single‐unit neurophysiology to behavior
Authors: Steenken Friederike , Oetjen Henning , Beutelmann Rainer , Carney Laurel H. , Koeppl Christine , Klump Georg M.
Published: June 2022

Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes have been used in physiological and psychophysical studies in several species to gain insight into cochlear function. Each pitch period of the Schroeder stimulus contains a linear frequency sweep; the duty cycle, sweep velocity, and direction are controlled by parameters of the phase spectrum. Here, responses to a range of Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes were studied both behaviorally and in neural recordings from the auditory nerve and inferior colliculus of Mongolian gerbils. Gerbils were able to discriminate Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes based on sweep direction, duty cycle, and/or velocity for fundamental frequencies up to 200 Hz. Temporal representation in neural responses based on the van Rossum spike‐distance metric, with time constants of either 1 ms or related to the stimulus' period, was compared with average discharge rates. Neural responses and behavioral performance were both expressed in terms of sensitivity, d', to allow direct comparisons. Our results suggest that in the auditory nerve, stimulus fine structure is represented by spike timing, whereas envelope is represented by rate. In the inferior colliculus, both temporal fine structure and envelope appear to be represented best by rate. However, correlations between neural d' values and behavioral sensitivity for sweep direction were strongest for both temporal metrics, for both auditory nerve and inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the high sensitivity observed in the inferior colliculus neural rate‐based discrimination suggests that these neurons integrate across multiple inputs arising from the auditory periphery.
Prolongation of cortical sleep spindles during hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges in epilepsy patients
Authors: Sákovics Anna , Csukly Gábor , Borbély Csaba , Virág Márta , Kelemen Anna , Bódizs Róbert , Erőss Loránd , Fabó Dániel
Published: June 2022

Objective

Memory deficits are frequent among patients with epilepsies affecting the temporal lobe. Hippocampal interictal epileptic discharges (hIEDs), the presumed epileptic exaggeration of sharp wave‐ripples (SWRs), are known to contribute to memory dysfunction, but the potential underlying mechanism is unknown. The precise temporal coordination between hippocampal SWRs and corticothalamic spindles during sleep is critical for memory consolidation. Moreover, previous investigation indicated that hIEDs induce neocortical spindlelike oscillation. In the present study, we aimed to assess the influence of hIEDs on neocortical spindles.

Methods

We analyzed the spindle characteristics (duration, amplitude, frequency) of 21 epilepsy patients implanted with foramen ovale (FO) electrodes during a whole night sleep. Scalp sleep spindles were categorized based on their temporal relationship to hIEDs detected on the FO electrodes. Three groups were created: (1) spindles coinciding with hIEDs, (2) spindles “induced” by hIEDs, and (3) spindles without hIED co‐occurrence.

Results

We found that spindles co‐occurring with hIEDs had altered characteristics in all measured properties, lasted longer by 126 ± 48 ms (mean ± SD), and had higher amplitude by 3.4 ± 3.2 μV, and their frequency range shifted toward the higher frequencies within the 13–15‐Hz range. Also, hIED‐induced spindles had identical oscillatory properties to spindles without any temporal relationships with hIEDs. In more than half of our subjects, clear temporal coherence was revealed between hIEDs and spindles, but the direction of the coupling was patient‐specific.

Significance

We investigated the effect of hippocampal IEDs on neocortical spindle activity and found spindle alterations in cases of spindle–hIED co‐occurrence, but not in cases of hIED‐initiated spindles. We propose that this is a marker of a pathologic process, where IEDs may have direct effect on spindle generation. It could mark a potential mechanism whereby IEDs disrupt memory processes, and also provide a potential therapeutic target to treat memory disturbances in epilepsy.
Genomic regions and candidate genes selected during the breeding of rice in Vietnam
Authors: Higgins Janet , Santos Bruno , Khanh Tran Dang , Trung Khuat Huu , Duong Tran Duy , Doai Nguyen Thi Phuong , Hall Anthony , Dyer Sarah , Ham Le Huy , Caccamo Mario , De Vega Jose
Published: June 2022

Vietnam harnesses a rich diversity of rice landraces adapted to a range of conditions, which constitute a largely untapped source of diversity for the continuous improvement of cultivars. We previously identified a strong population structure in Vietnamese rice, which is captured in five Indica and four Japonica subpopulations, including an outlying Indica‐5 group. Here, we leveraged that strong differentiation and 672 native rice genomes to identify genomic regions and genes putatively selected during the breeding of rice in Vietnam. We identified significant distorted patterns in allele frequency (XP‐CLR) and population differentiation scores (FST) resulting from differential selective pressures between native subpopulations, and later annotated them with QTLs previously identified by GWAS in the same panel. We particularly focussed on the outlying Indica‐5 subpopulation because of its likely novelty and differential evolution, where we annotated 52 selected regions, which represented 8.1% of the rice genome. We annotated the 4576 genes in these regions and selected 65 candidate genes as promising breeding targets, several of which harboured alleles with nonsynonymous substitutions. Our results highlight genomic differences between traditional Vietnamese landraces, which are likely the product of adaption to multiple environmental conditions and regional culinary preferences in a very diverse country. We also verified the applicability of this genome scanning approach to identify potential regions harbouring novel loci and alleles to breed a new generation of sustainable and resilient rice.
Experimental investigations and damage growth modeling of EN‐AW 2024 aluminum alloy under LCF loading accounting creep pre‐deformation
Authors: Tomczyk Adam , Seweryn Andrzej
Published: June 2022

This article presents the results of experimental tests of creep rupture and of low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) of EN‐AW 2024 aluminum alloy devoid of damage and having preliminary damage. The preliminary damage was dealt in the process of creep at elevated temperature 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C until achievement of two different strain values at each temperature. Samples with preliminary damage were subjected to fatigue tests at room temperature. Based on the results of experimental tests, a simple damage accumulation model was proposed for creep at different temperatures. In this model, growth of the damage state variable was made dependent on the current value of axial stress and on growth of plastic strain. This model was also adapted for description of damage accumulation in the process of LCF for both as‐received material and material with creep pre‐deformation. In both cases, that is, creep and LCF, the model's parameters were determined and it was experimentally verified.
Accuracy of medication histories derived from an Australian cloud‐based repository of prescribed and dispensed medication records
Authors: Elliott Rohan A. , Taylor Simone E. , Koo Stella M. K. , Nguyen Anny D. , Liu Esther , Loh Grace
Published: June 2022

Background

Obtaining accurate medication histories at transitions of care is challenging, but important for patient safety. Prescription exchange services (PES) securely transfer electronic prescription and dispensing records between prescribers and pharmacies, which is potentially useful data for determining medication histories.

Aim

To evaluate the accuracy of PES‐derived medication histories.

Methods

Prospective observational study, at two Australian tertiary‐referral health services. A convenience sample of adult inpatients was recruited. The main outcome measure was: proportion of patients with ≥1 errors in their PES‐derived pre‐admission medication histories, compared with gold‐standard best‐possible medication histories, including prescribed and non‐prescribed medications, obtained by pharmacists using multiple sources including patient/carer interview.

Results

Of 154 patients (median age 76 years; interquartile range (IQR) 64–84 years; median 10.0 pre‐admission medications; IQR 6.0–14.0), 153 (99.4%) had ≥1 errors in their PES‐derived medication history (median 6.0 errors per patient; IQR 4.0–9.0). Excluding when‐required medications, 146 (94.8%) patients had >1 errors (median 4.0 errors per patient; IQR 2.0–6.0). Omission was the most common error, affecting 549 (33.3%) of 1648 current medications (median 3.0; IQR 1.0–5.0 per patient); 396 (72.1%) omissions were over‐the‐counter medicines. Dose‐regimen errors affected 276 (25.1%) of 1099 current medications captured in PES‐derived medication histories (median 1.0 error per patient; IQR 0.0–3.0). Commission errors (medications in PES‐derived histories that were not current) affected 224 (16.9%) of 1323 medications (median 1.0 error per patient; IQR 1.0–2.0).

Conclusions

Medication histories derived solely from a cloud‐based medication record repository had a high error rate compared with patients' actual medication use. Like all medication history sources, data from cloud‐based repositories need to be verified with additional sources including the patient and/or their carer.
The potential of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus in improving the growth of wheat under chromium stress
Authors: Ilyas Noshin , Akhtar Nosheen , Naseem Aqsa , Qureshi Rahmatullah , Majeed Abid , Al-Ansari Mysoon M. , Al-Humaid Latifah , Sayyed R. Z. , Pajerowska-Mukhtar Karolina M.
Published: June 2022

Aim

Hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that have deteriorating effects on the growth and quality of the end product of wheat. Consequently, this research was designed to evaluate the role of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus fertilizer on wheat facing Cr+6 stress.

Methods and Results

The soil was incubated with Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus fertilizer before sowing. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the co-application of B. subtilis and phosphorus yielded considerably more significant (p < 0.05) results compared with an individual application of the respective treatments. The co-treatment improved the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants compared with untreated controls. The increase in shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight was 38.17%, 29.31%, 47.89% and 45.85%, respectively, compared with untreated stress-facing plants. The application of B. subtilis and phosphorus enhanced osmolytes content (proline 39.98% and sugar 41.30%), relative water content and stability maintenance of proteins (86.65%) and cell membranes (66.66%). Furthermore, augmented production of antioxidants by 67.71% (superoxide dismutase), 95.39% (ascorbate peroxidase) and 60.88% (catalase), respectively, were observed in the Cr+6 – stressed plants after co-application of B. subtilis and phosphorus.

Conclusion

It was observed that the accumulation of Cr+6 was reduced by 54.24%, 59.19% and 90.26% in the shoot, root and wheat grains, respectively. Thus, the combined application of B. subtilis and phosphorus has the potential to reduce the heavy metal toxicity in crops.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This study explored the usefulness of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus application on wheat in heavy metal stress. It is a step toward the combinatorial use of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria with nutrients to improve the ecosystems' health.
Determination of trace element and fatty acid levels in tissues of mirror and scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) living in Keban Dam Reservoir (Elazig)
Authors: Aydın Sevinç , Akkoyun H. Turan , Bayramoglu Akkoyun Mahire , Bengu Aydın Ş. , Ekin Suat , Harlioğlu Ayşe G.
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the concentrations of some accumulated trace metals (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) and fatty acids in liver and muscle tissues of mirror and scaly carp varieties (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) living in Keban Dam Reservoir (Elazig), which is the second‐largest artificial lake in Turkey that hosts commercially valuable and preferred fish varieties for human consumption. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method was used to analyse the concentrations of trace elements. Fatty acid levels were measured in a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) device, using a flame ionization detector (FID). Considering the two fish varieties and tissues that were studied, the mean metal concentrations (μg g−1) were found in the following ranges: Fe 12.32–49.97, Mn 0.12–0.62, Zn 10.45–86.59 and Cu 2.74–11.86. Although the lowest levels were detected in the muscle tissue for all the metals examined, the levels in the liver tissue were significantly higher. According to the results of the analyses on fatty acid concentrations, the mean total saturated fatty acid levels in the muscle tissue of the scaly carp and mirror carp varieties were found to be 31.07 and 31.43 (%), respectively, whereas these values for the liver tissue were consecutively 22.36 and 22.08 (%). Successively, the mean total levels of unsaturated fatty acids were determined as 68.93 and 68.40 (%) in the muscle tissue and 77.64 and 77.92 in the liver tissue. This study, with the finding that the trace (metallic) element accumulation rates were below the upper limits of the tolerable range, and the examined fish varieties were rich in fatty acids, shows that mirror carp and scaly carp living in Keban Dam Reservoir are highly nutritious for human diets.
Dietary pattern changes, obesity and excess body fat in adults of a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Muniz Stephanie C. R. S. , Barbieri Marco A. , Sanches Gabrielle F. , Arruda Soraia P. M. , da Silva Antônio A. M. , Sartorelli Daniela S. , Bettiol Heloísa
Published: June 2022

Background

Few studies have assessed dietary patterns (DPs) and the changes in these patterns over time in adults. The present study aimed to investigate whether possible changes in DPs in two assessments are associated with obesity and excess body fat.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted in which data were collected from 1082 adults of a Brazilian birth cohort during two periods 15 years apart (T1: 2002–2004; T2: 2016–2017). Food consumption was assessed in both periods using validated food frequency questionnaires. Three similar DPs were found in the two assessments, and adherence to these patterns was classified as prudent, risk or mixed. Nine DPs changes were defined. At T2, subjects with a body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg m–² were classified as obese, and men and women with a body fat (BF) percentage ≥ 25.0 and ≥ 35.0, respectively, were classified as having excess BF. A directed acyclic graph was built to adjust the association for confounding variables.

Results

At T2, 34.4% of the subjects were obese and 61.4% had excess BF. In the adjusted analysis, the changes associated with obesity and excess BF were prudent–mixed (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–2.29 and PR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.10–1.65), risk–risk (PR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.03–2.13 and PR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.04–1.53), risk–mixed (PR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.05–2.31 and PR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.07–1.63) and mixed–risk (PR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.10–2.35 and PR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04–1.58).

Conclusions

A decline in food quality over time or stagnation in an unhealthy DP can lead to obesity and excess BF.
The effectiveness of structural family therapy in repairing behavioral problems and improving family functioning in single‐parent families in Iran
Authors: Dehghani Mostafa , Bernards Julia
Published: June 2022

Family is foundational to Iranian culture and society and traditional families have been upheld by religious and political institutions since ancient times. However, the incidence of single‐parent families in Iran is increasing and literature on treating dysfunction in these families in therapy is lacking. This study examines the effectiveness of structural family therapy (SFT) in addressing problems in family functioning and children's behavior in single‐parent Iranian families using a single‐case, multiple baseline, ABA design. Participants included five single mothers and their children who received SFT for 8 weeks following a baseline phase. Participants were assessed during the baseline, therapy, and follow‐up phases using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Family Assessment Device. The data were analyzed visually and quantitatively. Results indicated that the treatment was effective in decreasing behavior problems and improving family functioning and that treatment effects were statistically significant and stable through the follow‐up period. Research and clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
A novel artificial neural network for the diagnosis of orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Kreiner Marcelo , Viloria Jesús
Published: June 2022

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain are highly prevalent. This prevalence can be compared to that of leading non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). However, it is surprising to still find a high degree of controversy regarding its diagnosis and management. Patients usually experience treatment delays, missed diagnoses, and receive unnecessary therapies. New artificial intelligence algorithms have helped diagnose numerous diseases. Nevertheless, no studies have focused on the use of artificial intelligence to diagnose these conditions.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and test the performance of a novel neural network (multilayer perceptron) with diagnostic capabilities in orofacial pain and TMD, including some types of referred pain.

Methods

A multilayer perceptron (MLP) was developed with one input layer, five hidden layers, and one output layer. It was trained using backpropagation algorithms. Several categories of orofacial pain and TMD clinical cases were presented to 12 general dental clinicians, and their diagnoses were contrasted to those provided by the artificial intelligence neural network.

Results

Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of the artificial intelligence was superior to that of the general dental clinicians (p = .0072). This was more evident in the clinical cases involving non‐dental and referred orofacial pains (e.g. neuropathic pain, referred cardiac pain, neurovascular pain).

Conclusions

This study showed, for the first time, that an artificial neural network can help medical and general dental clinicians diagnose several types of orofacial pain and dysfunction, including TMD, neuropathic, neurovascular, and referred cardiac pain. In some cases, the MLP appears to have a life‐saving role.
Pathotype diversity of Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm. Quaedvlieg & Crous) isolates collected from Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Turgay Emine Burcu , Büyük Orhan , Yıldırım Ali Faik , Ölmez Fatih , Akci Nilüfer , Karakaya Aziz
Published: June 2022

Septoria Leaf Blotch caused by Zymoseptoria tritici is a major disease of wheat affecting many wheat‐growing regions in the world. This study is the first to describe characteristics of the pathotype structure of Z. tritici isolates in Central Anatolia, Turkey, and to determine effective resistance genes for use in breeding strategies of Septoria Leaf Blotch Disease. Sixty isolates of Z. tritici were obtained from four intensive wheat production provinces during 2015 and 2017. The pathotypes were determined using a differential set that included 12 wheat genotypes. Twenty‐eight pathotypes were identified, and Pathotype 1 prevailed in all areas investigated. The K‐5 isolate from Konya province had the highest virulence on the differential genotypes and was characterized as Pathotype 28. Thirty‐nine of the isolates were virulent on the resistance gene Stb‐10, and all isolates were avirulent for the resistance gene Stb‐6. It appears that resistance genes Stb‐6 and Stb‐12 could be used in breeding new varieties against Septoria Leaf Blotch Disease.
Interactions between paralogous bacterial enhancer‐binding proteins enable metal‐dependent regulation of alternative nitrogenases in Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Appia‐Ayme Corinne , Little Richard , Chandra Govind , de Oliveira Martins Carlo , Bueno Batista Marcelo , Dixon Ray
Published: June 2022

All diazotrophic bacteria and archaea isolated so far utilise a nitrogenase enzyme‐containing molybdenum in the active site co‐factor to fix atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. However, in addition to the Mo‐dependent nitrogenase, some nitrogen‐fixing prokaryotes also express genetically distinct alternative nitrogenase isoenzymes, namely the V‐dependent and Fe‐only nitrogenases, respectively. Nitrogenase isoenzymes are expressed hierarchically according to metal availability and catalytic efficiency. In proteobacteria, this hierarchy is maintained via stringent transcriptional regulation of gene clusters by dedicated bacterial enhancer‐binding proteins (bEBPs). The model diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii contains two paralogs of the vanadium nitrogenase activator VnfA (henceforth, VnfA1), designated VnfA2 and VnfA3, with unknown functions. Here we demonstrate that the VnfA1 and VnfA3 bEBPs bind to the same target promoters in the Azotobacter vinelandii genome and co‐activate a subset of genes in the absence of V, including the structural genes for the Fe‐only nitrogenase. Co‐activation is inhibited by the presence of V and is dependent on an accessory protein VnfZ that is co‐expressed with VnfA3. Our studies uncover a plethora of interactions between bEBPs required for nitrogen fixation, revealing the unprecedented potential for fine‐tuning the expression of alternative nitrogenases in response to metal availability.
A case of cerebral paragonimiasis misdiagnosed as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Yamamuro Shun , Ohoni Sumie , Kamiya Koki , Imamura Gen , Harano Suguru , Tahara Junichi , Ooshima Hideki , Oinuma Toshinori , Haraoka Hitomi , Nakamura Hideki , Yoshino Atsuo
Published: June 2022

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus westermani infection, and migration to the brain results in cerebral paragonimiasis. Cerebral paragonimiasis is now extremely rare, but a few cases are still reported. A 48‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with right‐hand convulsion, right‐hand numbness, sputum, and fatigue. Chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple nodular lesions, and head computed tomography revealed a hemorrhagic lesion in the left motor cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple small ring‐shaped lesions with surrounding edema. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia. We considered eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and started steroid treatment as a diagnostic therapy since we wanted to avoid cerebral lesion biopsy if possible. However, the patient underwent craniotomy surgery after steroid treatment for four months because a new intracerebral mass lesion had appeared. Trematode eggs were detected in the sample, and the final diagnosis was cerebral paragonimiasis. The patient was successfully treated with praziquantel. Cerebral paragonimiasis is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis if atypical intracranial hemorrhage and peripheral eosinophilia are observed.
Empathy, caring and compassion: Toward a Freudian critique of nursing work
Authors: Traynor Michael
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to summarize key psychoanalytic concepts first developed by Sigmund Freud and apply them to a critical exploration of three terms that are central to nursing's self‐image—empathy, caring, and compassion. Looking to Menzies‐Lyth's work, I suggest that the nurse's strong identification as a carer can be understood as a fantasy of being the one who is cared for; critiques by Freud and others of empathy point to the possibility of it being, in reality, a form of projective identification; reading Lacan and Žižek, I propose that repeated research into caring and repeated complaint about barriers to caring can be understood as manifestations of the death drive first posited by Freud. I conclude that psychoanalytic insights suggest that caring roles can raise profoundly ambivalent issues for those who care but they can also point the way to freedom from painful and self‐destructive symptoms inherent in such work.
R&D employee tenure in MNC subsidiaries: the role of institutional distance and experience
Authors: Borah Dhruba , Massini Silvia , Piscitello Lucia
Published: June 2022

Long tenure of research and development (R&D) employees helps organisations to utilise employees' knowledge over a sustained time period and strengthen their competitive advantage. It also allows organisations to benefit from the training investments made on their R&D employees. Thus, identifying the determinants of R&D employees' tenure is crucial for designing effective R&D employee retention strategies. This paper analyses the factors explaining R&D employees' tenure in the subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs). Building on institutional theory, we claim that formal and informal institutional distance between MNCs' home and host country might lead to R&D employees' short tenure in subsidiaries. We further suggest that R&D employees' international experience and MNCs' host country experience play a moderating role. We find support for our hypotheses by mobilising an original database that combines patent data and the LinkedIn profiles of 939 R&D employees in 256 MNC subsidiaries in India.
A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Markets During the Finnish 1860s Famine
Authors: Pasanen Tiia-Maria , Voutilainen Miikka , Helske Jouni , Högmander Harri
Published: June 2022

We develop a Bayesian spatio-temporal model to study pre-industrial grain market integration during the Finnish famine of the 1860s. Our model takes into account several problematic features often present when analysing multiple spatially interdependent time series. For example, compared with the error correction methodology commonly applied in econometrics, our approach allows simultaneous modelling of multiple interdependent time series avoiding cumbersome statistical testing needed to predetermine the market leader as a point of reference. Furthermore, introducing a flexible spatio-temporal structure enables analysing detailed regional and temporal dynamics of the market mechanisms. Applying the proposed method, we detected spatially asymmetric ‘price ripples’ that spread out from the shock origin. We corroborated the existing literature on the speedier adjustment to emerging price differentials during the famine, but we observed this principally in urban markets. This hastened return to long-run equilibrium means faster and longer travel of price shocks, implying prolonged out-of-equilibrium dynamics, proliferated influence of market shocks, and, importantly, a wider spread of famine conditions.
Institutional, Ideological, and Interactional Constraints: The Case of Sexual Abuse in White Evangelical Settings1
Authors: McKinzie Ashleigh E. , Richards Patricia
Published: June 2022

Drawing on 32 interviews with survivors, we examine sexual abuse in white evangelical contexts as a point of intervention in feminist debates over agency. In recent decades, scholars have tended to focus on how women in gender‐traditional religions exercise agency via submission and piety. We argue that the case of abuse points to the limits of agency as a lens to understand women and girls' experiences, and theorize ideological, institutional, and interactional constraints to clarify how evangelical settings may hinder addressing abuse. We explore how these constraints operate within purity culture, which undergirds much of evangelicalism. Purity culture holds women/girls responsible for men/boys' sexuality and lust, restricts access to the language and resources for survivors to identify and cope with abuse, and blames those who try to address it. This analysis has important implications for other settings characterized by the interplay of agency and constraint.