bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Response to a Near‐Miss Nuclear Accident Scenario Varying in Causal Attributions and Outcome Uncertainty
Authors: Cui Jinshu , Rosoff Heather , John Richard S.
Published: November 2017

Many studies have investigated public reactions to nuclear accidents. However, few studies focused on more common events when a serious accident could have happened but did not. This study evaluated public response (emotional, cognitive, and behavioral) over three phases of a near‐miss nuclear accident. Simulating a loss‐of‐coolant accident (LOCA) scenario, we manipulated (1) attribution for the initial cause of the incident (software failure vs. cyber terrorist attack vs. earthquake), (2) attribution for halting the incident (fail‐safe system design vs. an intervention by an individual expert vs. a chance coincidence), and (3) level of uncertainty (certain vs. uncertain) about risk of a future radiation leak after the LOCA is halted. A total of 773 respondents were sampled using a 3 × 3 × 2 between‐subjects design. Results from both MANCOVA and structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that respondents experienced more negative affect, perceived more risk, and expressed more avoidance behavioral intention when the near‐miss event was initiated by an external attributed source (e.g., earthquake) compared to an internally attributed source (e.g., software failure). Similarly, respondents also indicated greater negative affect, perceived risk, and avoidance behavioral intentions when the future impact of the near‐miss incident on people and the environment remained uncertain. Results from SEM analyses also suggested that negative affect predicted risk perception, and both predicted avoidance behavior. Affect, risk perception, and avoidance behavior demonstrated high stability (i.e., reliability) from one phase to the next.
Single molecule real‐time DNA sequencing of HLA genes at ultra‐high resolution from 126 International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop cell lines
Authors: Turner T. R. , Hayhurst J. D. , Hayward D. R. , Bultitude W. P. , Barker D. J. , Robinson J. , Madrigal J. A. , Mayor N. P. , Marsh S. G. E.
Published: November 2017

The hyperpolymorphic HLA genes play important roles in disease and transplantation and act as genetic markers of migration and evolution. A panel of 107 B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines (B‐LCLs) was established in 1987 at the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop as a resource for the immunogenetics community. These B‐LCLs are well characterised and represent diverse ethnicities and HLA haplotypes. Here we have applied Pacific Biosciences’ Single Molecule Real‐Time (SMRT) DNA sequencing to HLA type 126 B‐LCL, including the 107 International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIW) cells, to ultra‐high resolution. Amplicon sequencing of full‐length HLA class I genes (HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C) and partial length HLA class II genes (HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQB1 and ‐DPB1) was performed. We typed a total of 931 HLA alleles, 895 (96%) of which were consistent with the typing in the IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database (Release 3.27.0, January 20, 2017), with 595 (64%) typed at a higher resolution. Discrepant types, including novel alleles (n = 10) and changes in zygosity (n = 13), as well as previously unreported types (n = 34) were observed. In addition, patterns of linkage disequilibrium were distinguished by four‐field resolution typing of HLA‐B and HLA‐C. By improving and standardising the HLA typing of these B‐LCLs, we have ensured their continued usefulness as a resource for the immunogenetics community in the age of next generation DNA sequencing.
Entrepreneurship and Age Across Time and Space
Authors: Backman Mikaela , Karlsson Charlie
Published: November 2017

Studies confirm an inverted U‐shaped relationship between age and entrepreneurship. This paper deepens the understanding of this relationship by analysing how the relationship varies across time and across different types of regions, aspects often overlooked in the current literature. An individual perspective is taken, and the probability of starting a firm is expected to increase as individuals' age but at a decreasing rate. The results show significant differences in the relationship between the age of individuals and the rate of entrepreneurship across time and space. The age‐entrepreneurship profile has shifted to the left over time such that individuals are younger when they start firms.
Scalar Politics and the Co‐Evolution of Social and Ecological Systems in Coastal Southern Chile
Authors: Coq‐Huelva Daniel , Ther‐Rios Francisco , Bugueño Zamir
Published: November 2017

Coastal southern Chile includes a set of territories in a continuous process of bio‐social construction which cannot be understood without considering scalar politics. Environmental concerns, included in broader neoliberal frameworks of governance, play a central role in the performance of such scales. Thus, this case shows some of the patterns of relations between scalarity and the management of key ecological features. Additionally, territorial governance and scalar production occur in a geographical context over which the State has low effective degree of direct control. Consequently, such processes also need group and individual internalisation of new rules through the creation of mechanisms of self‐interest that allow agents' ‘conduct of the conduct’ Thus, scales act as sources and key elements in the generation of governmental instruments that frame and influence individual actions.
Identifying the Relationships between Motivational Features of High and Low Performing Students and Science Literacy Achievement in PISA 2015 Turkey
Authors: Kartal Seval Kula , Kutlu Ömer
Published: November 2017

In this study, the predictive roles of intrinsic and instrumental motivations, science self-efficacy on success in the lower and upper quartiles of score distribution are analyzed in scientific domain of PISA 2015 Turkey sample. Since their index values can’t be calculated due to missing values, some students are excluded from the sample and the study sample is comprised of 5287 students. Regression models in which intrinsic and instrumental motivation, science self-efficacy are predictive variables and success is response variable are formed for the lower and upper quartiles of score distribution of science literacy. Models are analyzed by quantile regression analysis. It is found that self-efficacy in science, intrinsic and instrumental motivations towards science are significant predictors of science success. The predictive roles of science self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation towards science are much more effective in the upper quartile of score distribution than the lower quartile. Instrumental motivation has significant relationship with science success only in the lowest and highest 10th percentages. Based on these results, suggestions are made both for researchers and teachers regarding the classroom activities, assessment processes and possible future studies that might be conducted related with the success and motivation of the students.
Heat Flux Vector Potential in Convective Heat Transfer
Authors: Vadasz Peter
Published: November 2017

The heat function concept introduced by Kimura and Bejan (1983, “The Heatline Visualization of Convective Heat Transfer,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 105(4), pp. 916–919) for two-dimensional (2D) heat transfer is being extended in this note to three dimensions. It is shown that a heat flux vector potential exists and can be used in three-dimensional (3D) heat convection problems. It is further shown that this heat flux vector potential degenerates to the heat function introduced by Kimura and Bejan (1983, “The Heatline Visualization of Convective Heat Transfer,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 105(4), pp. 916–919) when the heat convection is two-dimensional.
Slip and Joule Heating Effects on Peristaltic Transport in an Inclined Channel
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ayub Sadia , Tanveer Anum , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: November 2017

This study investigates peristaltic transport of Sutterby fluid in an inclined channel. Applied magnetic field is also inclined. Thermal radiation, Joule heating, and Soret and Dufour effects are present. The channel boundaries satisfy wall compliant and partial slip conditions. The problem description is simplified by employing long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. Graphical solutions for axial velocity, temperature, concentration, and heat transfer coefficient are obtained via built-in numerical approach NDSolve. Similar response of velocity and concentration profiles has been recorded for larger inclination. The results reveal temperature drop with larger thermal radiation. Here, radiation and thermal slip increase heat transfer rate.
An enhanced chemoenzymatic method for loading substrates onto carrier protein domains
Authors: Kittilä Tiia , Cryle Max J.
Published: November 2017

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) machineries produce many medically relevant peptides that cannot be easily accessed by chemical synthesis. Thus, understanding NRPS mechanism is of crucial importance to allow efficient redesign of these machineries to produce new compounds. During NRPS-mediated synthesis, substrates are covalently attached to peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs), and studies of NRPSs are impeded by difficulties in producing PCPs loaded with substrates. Different approaches to load substrates onto PCP domains have been described, but all suffer from difficulties in either the complexity of chemical synthesis or low enzymatic efficiency. Here, we describe an enhanced chemoenzymatic loading method that combines 2 approaches into a single, highly efficient one-pot loading reaction. First, d-pantetheine and ATP are converted into dephospho-coenzyme A via the actions of 2 enzymes from coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. Next, phosphoadenylates are dephosphorylated using alkaline phosphatase to allow linker attachment to PCP domain by Sfp mutant R4-4, which is inhibited by phosphoadenylates. This route does not depend on activity of the commonly problematic dephospho-CoA kinase and, therefore, offers an improved method for substrate loading onto PCP domains.
Woody material structural degradation through decomposition on the forest floor
Authors: Fraver Shawn , Tajvidi Mehdi , D’Amato Anthony W. , Lindner Daniel L. , Forrester Jodi A. , Milo Amy M.
Published: November 2017

Dead woody material (DWM) plays numerous important roles in forest ecosystems; however, through the process of decomposition, it undergoes structural and chemical changes that progressively alter its function in these roles. Much remains unknown about how DWM mechanical strength and structural integrity change through decomposition in natural forest settings. We assessed changes in wood strength (bending strength, compressive strength, and surface hardness) using standard wood stakes of known initial mass from three species. The stakes were placed in forested settings for two and four years before collection for laboratory analyses. All three strength metrics decreased as stakes lost mass due to decay; however, bending strength had the strongest relationship with mass loss, a result that was consistent for all species, as well as species-pooled data. Results for all strength-loss metrics indicate that stakes had experienced ca. 10% strength loss before any detectable mass loss had occurred. Further, our results suggest that the decay class system typically used during field inventories — based in large part on tactile assessments of wood structural integrity — may provide a reasonable characterization of DWM mass loss, which is a critical assumption for carbon accounting and modelling based on inventory data.
Model-based evaluation of sediment control in a drained peatland forest after ditch network maintenance
Authors: Haahti Kersti , Nieminen Mika , Finér Leena , Marttila Hannu , Kokkonen Teemu , Leinonen Antti , Koivusalo Harri
Published: November 2017

Reducing the strain on water bodies caused by sediment loads released after ditch network maintenance (DNM) is addressed in operational peatland forestry by implementing sediment control structures in ditches. This study evaluates computationally alternative sediment control scenarios in a 5.2 ha deep peat site in eastern Finland. Coupled to a distributed hydrological model, peat erosion and transport in the ditches were simulated for the first year after DNM with 15 scenarios consisting of individual structures (e.g., sedimentation ponds) and their combinations. One scenario represented the prevailing conditions with a V-notch weir at the catchment outlet. All scenarios were evaluated against a baseline scenario in which no structures affected the catchment sediment processes. The results suggested that bed erosion can be efficiently prevented with breaks in cleaning and structures ponding water. It was proven less efficient to trap already eroded material with sedimentation ponds and pits. The structures raising ditch water level had limited effects on water table levels in the strips between ditches, plausibly not impairing tree growth. The process-based modeling presented here provided a yet unexplored approach to comprehensively evaluating alternatives for sediment control, which is highly needed to address the gap between existing scientific knowledge and operational peatland forestry practices.
Effect of the Return Policy in a Continuous-Time Newsvendor Problem
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Zhongfei , Fu Ke , Wang Fan
Published: November 2017

This paper studies the stochastic differential Stackelberg game in a continuous-time newsvendor problem with a return policy, in which one supplier sells products to one retailer and the two parties make the decisions sequentially to maximize their own expected profits. When the demand process is a general jump-diffusion process, we provide a general formula for the equilibrium if it exists. When the demand rate is an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (O–U) process, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium and find an explicit expression for the equilibrium. Computational results show that the return policy has significant impact on the Stackelberg equilibrium.
Homogenization of a spherical harmonics expansion model
Authors: Masmoudi Nader , Tayeb Mohamed Lazhar , Tlili Abderraouf
Published: November 2017

This paper deals with the analysis of the behavior of a Spherical Harmonics Expansion (SHE) model associated with an oscillating electrostatic potential.
Stability analysis on a hybrid PDE–ODE system describing intermittent hormonal therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Hiruko Kurumi , Okabe Shinya
Published: November 2017

We consider the stability of control prescribed by hybrid PDE–ODE systems modeling intermittent hormonal therapy of prostate cancer. Hybrid systems can be regarded as a generalization of optimal control. However, since the purpose of hybrid systems is not only minimization or maximization of a corresponding functional, it is not clear what is optimal in hybrid systems. In this paper, we shall give a concept of stability of the control prescribed by the hybrid PDE–ODE systems. Moreover, we show a sufficient condition on initial data for the existence of the stable control. Finally, we apply the main result to several mathematical models describing intermittent hormonal therapy of prostate cancer.
Energy-transport systems for optical lattices: Derivation, analysis, simulation
Authors: Braukhoff Marcel , Jüngel Ansgar
Published: November 2017

Energy-transport equations for the transport of fermions in optical lattices are formally derived from a Boltzmann transport equation with a periodic lattice potential in the diffusive limit. The limit model possesses a formal gradient-flow structure like in the case of the energy-transport equations for semiconductors. At the zeroth-order high-temperature limit, the energy-transport equations reduce to the whole-space logarithmic diffusion equation which has some unphysical properties. Therefore, the first-order expansion is derived and analyzed. The existence of weak solutions to the time-discretized system for the particle and energy densities with periodic boundary conditions is proved. The difficulties are the nonstandard degeneracy and the quadratic gradient term. The main tool of the proof is a result on the strong convergence of the gradients of the approximate solutions. Numerical simulations in one-space dimension show that the particle density converges to a constant steady state if the initial energy density is sufficiently large, otherwise the particle density converges to a nonconstant steady state.
Re-imagining and re-imaging the development of the East African Rift
Authors: Purcell P. G.
Published: November 2017

The East African Rift (EAR) has fascinated and challenged the geological imagination since its discovery nearly a century ago. A new series of images showing the sequential development of faulting and volcanism along the Rift from 45 Ma to present offers a regional overview of that development. The EAR is the latest phase of the extensive Phanerozoic rifting of the East African continental plate, interwoven with the lithospheric fabrics knitted together during its complex Proterozoic past. South of 5° S, the EAR variously follows or cuts across the Karoo rift trends; north of 5° S, it is almost totally within new or reworked Neoproterozoic terranes, while the Karoo rifts are almost totally outside them. The compilations raise several aspects of rift development seemingly in need of re-imagining, including tight-fit reconstructions of the Gulf of Aden, and the projection of Mesozoic rifts from Yemen to Somalia. Overall, the rifting process does not accord well with a mechanistic paradigm and is better imagined within the Prigoginian paradigm, which accepts instability and disorder within natural processes such as mantle plumes. The structural complexity of Afar and its non-alignment with magnetic anomalies suggests that the seafloor spreading process is, in its beginnings at least, more chaos than order.
Pituitary Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia: A Retrospective Cohort Study (1975–2014)
Authors: Alyahyawi Naseem , Dheensaw Keira , Islam Nazrul , Aroichane Maryam , Amed Shazhan
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: The risk factors for pituitary hormone dysfunction (PHD) in children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) are not well understood. This study identified the type, timing, and predictors of PHD in children with ONH. Methods: ONH patient charts were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence rate of PHD was calculated assuming a Poisson distribution. Predictors of PHD were identified through a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Among 144 subjects with ONH, 49.3% (n = 71) developed PHD over 614.7 person-years of follow-up. The incidence was 11.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.02–14.57/100 person-years). The median time to first PHD was 2.88 (interquartile range: 0.02–18.72) months. Eighty-two percent developed their first PHD by their 5th and 90% by their 10th birthday, and 89% within 5 years of ONH diagnosis. Prematurity (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.1–1.07), blindness (aHR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.03–2.86), maternal substance abuse (aHR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.91–2.48), abnormal posterior pituitary (aHR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.01–7.18), and hypoplastic/absent anterior pituitary (aHR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.29–4.91) were significant predictors of PHD. Conclusions: The clinical predictors of PHD included blindness, pituitary gland abnormalities, and maternal substance abuse. These predictors help clinical decision-making related to the need for and frequency of hormone testing in pediatric patients with ONH.
Seasonal Onychomadesis of the Great Toes
Authors: Pearson Hadley J. , Brodell Robert T. , Daniel III C. Ralph
Published: November 2017

Onychomadesis occurs when the proximal nail plate becomes unattached to the underlying structures. When only one or a few nails are involved, the cause is usually physical trauma. A 23-year-old female presented with a 4-year history of recurrent onychomadesis involving her bilateral great toes that occurred during the springtime. While recurrent trauma from winter shoes or athletic activities may be a contributing factor, our patient was convinced that wearing tight-fitting socks during winter nights was the primary pathophysiologic process. By wearing socks only during the days and decreasing the amount of time the nails spent traumatized due to pressure, the patient's recurrent condition was eliminated.
Erosive Pustular Dermatosis: A Manifestation of Immunosenescence A Report of 8 Cases
Authors: Thuraisingam Thusanth , Mirmirani Paradi
Published: November 2017

Erosive pustular dermatosis (EPD) is a rare condition of the scalp and legs that is marked by crusted erosions or superficial ulcerations that may result in scarring alopecia and chronic wounds. The condition predominantly affects elderly female as compared to male patients. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The majority of the cases in the literature are from the United Kingdom and continental Europe. In this series, we present 8 North American patients with EPD of the scalp, one of whom also had involvement of the legs and another with the involvement of the face. All our patients were advanced in age and had a predisposition to chronic actinic damage, which are common characteristics of EPD previously reported in the literature. We hypothesize that immunosenescence leads to an aberrant immune response to wound healing and, along with other factors such as a loss of the normal epidermal barrier, ultraviolet damage, and hormonal factors, may contribute to the development of this condition.
High Systolic Blood Pressure after Successful Endovascular Treatment Affects Early Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Maier Ilko L. , Tsogkas Ioannis , Behme Daniel , Bähr Mathias , Knauth Michael , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Liman Jan
Published: November 2017

Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) has been shown to significantly improve functional outcome in patients with acute large cerebral vessel occlusions. To date, no evidence-based recommendations on blood pressure management after successful EVT exist. Previous studies showed an association between high pre-EVT systolic blood pressure (SBP) and functional outcome, but do not answer the question on how to manage blood pressure after successful recanalization. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of blood pressure measurements as a predictor for early functional outcome in patients with successful EVT. Methods: Prospectively derived data from patients with acute large vessel occlusion within the anterior circulation and EVT was analyzed in this monocentric study. Mean systolic- and maximum SBP as well as SBP-peaks have been obtained for the first 24 h after successful EVT. Predictive value of SBP for discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 has been investigated using logistic regression models. Results: From 168 patients with successful EVT, 74 (44%) had a favorable outcome with an mRS ≤2. Mean- (127 vs. 131 mm Hg, p = 0.035) and maximum SBP (157 vs. 169 mm Hg, p < 0.001) as well as the number of SBP-peaks (0 vs. 1.5, p = 0.004) were lower in patients with favorable outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression showed high mean- and maximum SBP to predict unfavorable outcomes. Cutoff mean SBP was 141 mm Hg and maximum SBP 159 mm Hg. Conclusions: High SBP in the first 24 h after recanalization of acute anterior cerebral vessel occlusions is associated with unfavorable functional outcome. Interventional studies are needed to determine the role of SBP management as a modifiable parameter in the early phase after successful EVT.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Small Intestine Angiosarcoma: a Retrospective Clinical Analysis of 66 Cases
Authors: Li Rong , Ouyang Ze-ying , Xiao Jun-bo , He Jian , Zhou Yan-wu , Zhang Gui-ying , Li Qian , Gu Huan , Leng Ai-min , Liu Ting
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Primary angiosarcoma of the small intestine is a rare neoplasia, and there are limited data from systematic analyses. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics in addition to the prognostic factors for this rare neoplasia. Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical records and prognostic information of 66 patients with small intestine angiosarcoma reported between 1970 and 2017. We used the Chi-square test, the log-rank test, and Cox regression analyses to evaluate the data. Results: There were 66 patients diagnosed with small intestine angiosarcoma. The onset age ranged from 24–92 years old. There were 24 patients diagnosed before the year 2000, and 42 patients were diagnosed after 2000. The data indicated that 49 cases were diagnosed as primary disease, and the remaining 15 cases were secondary disease. The main clinical symptoms were nonspecific and included gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and abdominal pain. Additionally, we found multi-center foci were one of the characteristics of this disease. Radiation-induced small intestine angiosarcoma (RSIA) is a special type of disease with a similar prognosis. This type was more frequent in females and decreased after the year 2000. We also found that GI bleeding was less common in RSIA cases. The log-rank test results revealed that old-age, poor differentiation, and GI bleeding were associated with worse prognosis. Surgical treatment showed a trend toward a prolonged survival time. However, the result was not statistically significant. Our results show treatment with adjuvant therapy improved prognosis. The multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated adjuvant therapy was an independent indicator of a favorable outcome in small intestine angiosarcoma patients. Conclusion: Pay attention to the unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding could lead to a faster diagnosis and control of small intestine angiosarcoma. Furthermore, treatments including adjuvant therapy can effectively improve the prognosis.
The Dual Regulatory Role of MiR-181a in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Chun , Tabatabaei Seyed Nasrollah , Ruan Xiangyan , Hardy Pierre
Published: November 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of highly conserved noncoding single˗stranded RNA molecules of 21 to 25 nucleotides. miRNAs silence their cognate target genes at the post-transcriptional level and have been shown to have important roles in oncogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via epigenetic post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recent evidence indicates that the expression of miR-181a is altered in breast tumor tissue and in the serum of patients with breast cancer. However, there are several contradicting findings that challenge the biological significance of miR-181a in tumor development and metastasis. In fact, some studies have implicated miR-181a in regulating breast cancer gene expression. Here we summarize the current literature demonstrating established links between miR-181a and human breast cancer with a focus on recently identified mechanisms of action. This review also aims to explore the potential of miR-181a as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and to discuss the contradicting data regarding its targeting therapeutics and the associated challenges.
Effective individual culture system for in vitro production of bovine embryos
Authors: Annes Kelly , Soares Carlos Alexandre , Lima Camila Bruna De , Milazzotto Marcella Pecora
Published: November 2017

Estabeleceu-se um protocolo novo e eficaz de cultivo individual de embriões bovinos sem o uso de cocultivo e sem compartilhamento de meio visando à análise do metabolismo individual do embrião. Para isso, embriões foram produzidos in vitro por protocolos convencionais em três diferentes tipos de meio: KSOM, SOFaa e KSOM seguido por SOFaa no dia 2. Os zigotos presumíveis foram divididos em seis grupos: controles (cultivo em grupo – C-KSOM, C-SOFaa e C-KS) e sistema de poços individuais (W-KSOM, W-SOFaa e W-KS). As taxas de clivagem foram avaliadas nos dias 2 e 7, respectivamente. Além disso, a quantificação relativa de transcritos relacionados a importantes processos metabólicos (GLUT1, GLUT3, GSK3, SOD1, HSPD1 e G6PD) foi avaliada nos blastocistos dos grupos C-KS e W-KS. Os resultados mostram que as taxas de clivagem foram maiores apenas no grupo W-KSOM quando comparado ao grupo C-KSOM, enquanto a taxa de blastocistos diferiu apenas entre os grupos C e W-SOF. Além disso, a análise da expressão gênica mostrou que blastocistos cultivados em grupo ou em sistema de poços individuais são semelhantes quanto à expressão gênica. Assim, a conclusão obtida foi que o sistema individual proposto pode ser utilizado como um protocolo alternativo eficiente para o cultivo individual de embriões de bovino, uma vez que suas características permanecem semelhantes àquelas do sistema convencional de produção de embriões.
Production, storage, and destination of seafood industry waste in five states of Brazil
Authors: Martins Werner Souza , Sucasas Lia Ferraz de Arruda , Borghesi Ricardo , Oetterer Marília
Published: November 2017

Grandes quantidades de resíduo são geradas ao longo da cadeia produtiva do pescado. Embora este material apresente um grande potencial de aproveitamento (e.g. indústria farmacêutica, produção de ração), se não for corretamente destinado, representa risco ambiental. A fim de conhecer o volume, a destinação e o método de armazenamento do resíduo produzido pela indústria do pescado no Brasil, 29 empresas de processamento de pescado, sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), foram estudadas em todo o país. Identificou-se que cerca de 44% do total produzido é matériaprima utilizada para consumo humano, e 59,2% representa resíduo sem finalidade útil, descartado em lixões.
Dermatite das fraldas, fisiopatologia e tratamento: revisão de literatura
Authors: Rocha Filho James da Silva , Carvalho Carlos Gilvan Nunes de
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A dermatite de Jacquet (DJ) é uma dermatite de contato por irritante primário de caráter multifatorial, que possui pico de incidência entre o sétimo e o décimo segundo mês de vida, sendo que 50% dos infantes serão acometidos por tal enfermidade em algum grau. Portanto, a DJ é a afecção cutânea mais frequente na primeira infância. Clinicamente a enfermidade caracteriza-se por pápulas salientes e firmes, de coloração vermelho-escura ou violácea, que sucedem uma fase vésico-erosivo-ulcerativa. Objetivo: O estudo possui como objetivo prover informações acerca de um subtipo morfológico raro de dermatite irritativa das fraldas na prática clínica, a DJ. Dessa forma, espera-se contribuir para facilitar o diagnóstico e condutas terapêuticas tanto por profissionais quanto por acadêmicos. Metodologia: Foi feito uma revisão nas principais bases de dados buscando artigos que contemplassem o assunto. Discussão: A DJ é interpretada como o resultado final de uma cascata de eventos, desencadeada inicialmente por lesões no nível do estrato córneo, induzidas por exposição a múltiplos fatores, tais como: hiper-hidratação, fricção, temperatura, irritantes químicos, urina e fezes. Portanto, após o comprometimento da barreira cutânea, vários fatores adicionais do mesmo tipo potencializam essas alterações originando um ciclo vicioso vulnerável às infecções por agentes microbianos oportunistas, como Candida albicans, que é fator agravante frequente. Por isso, o desenvolvimento da dermatite da área da fralda irritativa primária possui caráter multifatorial. Conclusão: Por ser a afecção cutânea mais prevalente na primeira infância, constituindo fonte significativa de desconforto para a criança, é importante que se conheça a fisiopatologia da doença para que haja a correta prevenção e tratamento. A melhor conduta é a prevenção. Ademais, nos últimos tempos, observou-se diminuição da frequência e gravidade da dermatite da área das fraldas, principalmente, devido à melhoria na qualidade do material utilizado em sua confecção, o que contribuiu sobremaneira para o avanço nos cuidados de higiene.
Peter Auriol on the Metaphysics of Efficient Causation
Authors: Löwe Can Laurens
Published: November 2017

According to Peter Auriol, ofm (d. 1322), efficient causation is a composite being (ens per accidens) consisting of items belonging to three distinct categories: a change (or, more generally, a produced form), an action, and a passion. The change (or produced form) functions as the subject bearing action and passion. After presenting Aristotle’s account of action and passion, which constitutes the background to Auriol’s theory of causation, this paper considers Auriol’s interpretation of Aristotle’s account in contrast to an alternative interpretation defended by Hervaeus Natalis and William of Ockham. Finally, it shows how Auriol, on the basis of his interpretation of Aristotle, develops his own account of efficient causation as a composite being.
The Early Career of Gerard of Abbeville
Authors: Schabel Chris
Published: November 2017

Gerard of Abbeville (†1272) was a secular master of theology at the University of Paris and a contemporary of Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure. In the context of reviewing Stephen Metzger’s new two-volume book on Gerard, this paper first adds some new information about Gerard’s early career, notably concerning benefices he claimed in Saint-Omer, Tournai, and Amiens. Afterwards, the salient features of Metzger’s volumes are presented: his placement of Gerard in his institutional context; his characterization of Gerard’s doctrines of wisdom, knowledge, and contemplation in comparison with those of Gerard’s contemporaries; and his editions of texts. In the end, the chronological repercussions of maintaining that Vat. lat. 1015 reflects the original sequence of Gerard’s Quodlibeta, Metzger’s future focus, are discussed.
Reappraisal of Campanula rotundifolia var. bulgarica Nejceff—a neglected taxon from Central Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria
Authors: MARINOV YULIAN , STOYANOV STOYAN
Published: November 2017

Campanula rotundifolia var. bulgarica Nejceff, a neglected taxon in the Bulgarian flora with currently uncertain status, was collected and studied at its locus classicus in the Sokolna (Koru Dere) Reserve of Central Stara Planina Mountain. A detailed morphological analysis of Nejceff’s original material and other related species clearly indicates that this is a distinct taxonomic entity worthy of species rank. Campanula nejceffii, stat. nov. is distinguished by a combination of its pubescent habit, ovoid to elliptic-lanceolate cauline leaves, clearly spreading to reflexed narrowly triangular-lanceolate calyx teeth, erect buds and flowers. Complete species description and comparison with selected species in the C. rotundifolia group are given. The lectotypes of two taxa—C. rotundifolia var. bulgarica Nejceff and C. rotundifolia subsp. neicevii f. pirinica Stoj. & Acht. are designated by the authors.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae
Authors: SMITH ALAN R. , KESSLER MICHAEL
Published: November 2017

We provide a synopsis to the leptosporangiate fern family Anemiaceae in Bolivia. The single genus in the family, Anemia, comprises 115 species in the Neotropics, Africa, India, and islands in the Indian Ocean. Sixteen species are known from Bolivia, several of which are widespread in the Neotropics; one species, Anemia myriophylla, is endemic to Bolivia. Hybridization is likely when species co-occur.
New species and new records of the family Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Republic of Korea
Authors: KEUM EUNSUN , JUNG CHULEUI , JOHARCHI OMID
Published: November 2017

This paper reports on nine species of mites of the family Laelapidae associated with insects and soil in Republic of Korea: Cosmolaelaps hortensis Ishikawa from Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and C. chianensis (Gu), C. hrdyi (Samšiňák), Cosmolaelaps sejongi sp. nov., Gymnolaelaps laevis (Michael), Holostaspis mooni sp. nov., Hypoaspis longicaudus sp. nov., Laelaspis mandibularis (Ewing) and Ololaelaps wangi Bai et. al. from soil. This is the first record of Gymnolaelaps, Holostaspis and Laelaspis from Republic of Korea. The new species are described and illustrated from adult females and additional morphological characters that complement the description of Ololaelaps wangi Bai et. al. are presented.
A new species of Sextonia Chevreux, 1920 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Liljeborgiidae) from the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: LABAY VJACHESLAV S.
Published: November 2017

A new amphipod species, Sextonia caecus sp. nov., from the shelf of northern Sakhalin Island (Russian Far East) is described. A key to the amphipod species of the genus Sextonia is given.
Use of a translucent refuge for Xenopus tropicalis with the aim of improving welfare
Authors: Cooke Gavan M
Published: November 2017

Xenopus tropicalis is an increasingly important animal model in a variety of biological research fields. In many countries legislation exists to promote and increase welfare wherever possible, including the ability to view animals during daily husbandry with minimal stress to the animal. X. tropicalis ( n = 16) refuge use was investigated; it was found that the animals significantly preferred black opaque overhead cover to open-ended pipes or closed-off ceramic plants pots in refuge choice experiments. This experiment was repeated by replacing the opaque black overhead cover with red filters. A significant preference for overhead cover was seen for the red translucent cover compared with other available refuges, suggesting that X. tropicalis may adopt translucent refuges due to their visual inabilities. The inability of frogs to see certain wavelengths of light may allow staff to view them whilst simultaneously providing the refuge of choice.
Translation and Validation of the Toronto Pain Management Index, French–Canadian Version
Authors: Bergeron Dave A. , Bolduc Nicole , Michaud Cécile , Lapré Johanne , Bourgault Patricia
Published: November 2017

Background

To provide effective pain management, nurses must have sufficient knowledge and adequate beliefs about pain management. In Quebec, however, nurses seem to be generally uninvolved in pain management, and there is little significant evidence shedding light on nurses’ pain management knowledge and beliefs in postoperative settings. To perform such studies, a valid questionnaire in French to assess nurses’ knowledge and beliefs is required. Some valid questionnaires are available in English, but none are available in French.

Purpose

This article describes the process of translation, adaptation, and preliminary validation of the Toronto Pain Management Index into French.

Results

For temporal stability of the Toronto Pain Management Index, French–Canadian version, the result of intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score of this questionnaire is 0.59 (CI: 0.44–0.72).

Conclusion

Following this process, the French version of this questionnaire has suitable face and content validity and can be used to evaluate nurses’ knowledge and beliefs about pain management in postoperative settings.
Historicist interpretation of the Olivet Discourse and the sixth seal: 1. Medieval tribulation and cosmic signs
Authors: Charlesworth Scott D.
Published: November 2017

Historicist interpreters of the Olivet Discourse turn Mark 13:4 par. into a two-part question about (1) the destruction of the temple and (2) the signs heralding the parousia. In doing so they attempt to: (1) solve the crux of 13:30 par. by relating ‘this generation’ to the events of 70 ce; (2) read a medieval persecution into 13:19–20 par.; and (3) find parallel historical fulfilments for the cosmic signs in the Olivet Discourse and sixth seal of the Apocalypse. While the general sweep of the Olivet Discourse up to the parousia is not in question, the apocalyptic Jesus of the synoptic gospels taught that the destruction of Jerusalem would usher in signs in the heavens and then the parousia. Indeed, according to Matthean redaction of Mark, the greatest tribulation of all time would occur in connection with the destruction of Jerusalem and ‘immediately’ be followed by cosmic signs and the glorious return of Jesus Christ (24:29–30). Consequently, a reference to medieval tribulation in the Olivet Discourse is highly improbable, as is identification of the cosmic signs in the Olivet Discourse and the sixth seal with historical events in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Pitfalls of Frozen Section Diagnosis for Paraganglioma: A Clinicopathologic Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kim Bomi , Yoo Youngeun , Lee Junghye , Park Sanghui , Cho Min-Sun , Sung Sun Hee , Kwon Ghee Young
Published: November 2017

Few paraganglioma (PG) cases include frozen section diagnoses, and therefore, the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis for PG remains unknown. To better understand the histologic characteristics and pitfalls of frozen section findings for PG, 15 PG cases with frozen section diagnoses were selected from 12 articles through PubMed (1984-2015). In addition, we included 3 cases of PG for which intraoperative consultations were requested during a 5-year period (2012-2016) in 2 hospitals. Seven PGs were from the thyroid; 2 from the pancreas; 4 from the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or mesentery; 1 from the middle ear; and 4 from the urinary bladder (UB). Out of 18 PGs, correct diagnoses were rendered in only 2 cases, and no thyroid or UB PGs were correctly diagnosed on intraoperative consultation. Thyroid PGs were frequently misdiagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinomas (4/7, 57%) and UB PGs were frequently misdiagnosed as malignancies.
Distinguishing Levels of Suicide Risk in Depressed Male Veterans: The Role of Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology as Measured by the MMPI-2-RF
Authors: Miller Stephanie N. , Bozzay Melanie L. , Ben-Porath Yossef S. , Arbisi Paul A.
Published: November 2017

Suicide occurs at high rates among veterans, underscoring a need for improved identification of veterans at risk of engaging in suicidal behavior. Considering dimensions of psychopathology in the context of an ideation-to-action framework, the present study examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2–Restructured Form in distinguishing depressed, psychiatrically hospitalized male veterans ( N = 430) at varying levels of suicide risk. Analysis of variance and hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that internalizing scales differentiated depressed ideators ( n = 147) and depressed controls ( n = 143); and in line with expectations, both broad and narrowly focused externalizing scales provided incremental validity in distinguishing depressed attempters ( n = 140) from depressed ideators. Interactions between Suicidal/Death Ideation and externalizing scale scores were found to differentiate only depressed ideators from depressed controls. Clinical implications in the areas of suicide risk assessment and therapeutic interventions with suicidal veterans are discussed.
Achieving Transportation Equity: Meaningful Public Involvement to Meet the Needs of Underserved Communities
Authors: Karner Alex , Marcantonio Richard A.
Published: November 2017

Civil rights and environmental justice laws and regulations aim to ensure fair processes and outcomes in regional transportation planning. Despite these requirements, people of color and low income tend to be disproportionately burdened while receiving few benefits. We argue that a key factor driving this disconnect is the nature of public involvement, in particular, a near-absence of meaningful public involvement through which affected residents can influence and shape decisions. We propose a new model for public involvement in transportation planning, based on a review of the literature and two policy and planning case studies. Our model identifies addressing the priority unmet needs of underserved communities as a fundamental touchstone of equity and argues for dedicating a stream of funding to meet those needs. Widespread application of this model, at the regional level and elsewhere, would likely result in improvements to both the general welfare and transportation equity conditions.
Measurement and distribution of urban light pollution as day changes to night
Authors: Liu M , Zhang BG , Li WS , Guo XW , Pan XH
Published: November 2017

Light pollution has a serious impact on astronomical observations and ecological balance. So far, most scholars have carried out field measurements of urban sky glow luminance using satellite data. However, measurement of the light environment of an entire city is insufficient. This paper presents measurements of the sky within the city of Dalian and examines the changes in the distribution of luminance and colour temperature of the sky. It was found that over the transition from day to night the colour temperature of the sky decreases by approximately 2000 K–3000 K and the light spectrum transforms from a relatively uniform distribution to one with an obvious peak. Additionally, the zenith luminance is up to 0.01 cd/m2, more than 50 times the standard dark sky luminance. Dalian experiences serious light pollution.
Rethinking one of criminology’s ‘brute facts’: The age–crime curve and the crime drop in Scotland
Authors: Matthews Ben , Minton Jon
Published: November 2017

Examining annual variation in the age–crime curve as a way to better understand the recent crime drop, this paper explores how the age distribution of convicted offending changed for men and women in Scotland between 1989 and 2011. This analysis employs shaded contour plots as a method of visualizing annual change in the age–crime curve. Similar to recent findings from the USA, we observed falling rates of convicted offending for young people, primarily owing to lower rates of convicted offending for young men. In contrast to the US literature we also find increases in the rate of convicted offending for those in their mid-twenties to mid-forties, which are relatively greater for women than men. Analysis of annual change shows different phases in the progression of these trends, with falls in prevalence during the 1990s reflecting lower rates of convictions for acquisitive crime, but falls between 2007 and 2011 being spread across multiple crime types. Explanations of the crime drop in Scotland and elsewhere must be able to account for different patterns of change across age, sex, crime type and time.
Obscure Dichotomy of Early Childhood Trauma in PTSD Versus Attachment Disorders
Authors: Owen Christy
Published: November 2017

There are two competing schools of thoughts involving children who have experienced early childhood trauma. One posture’s nosology focuses on the post-traumatic stress responses; the other focuses on the deviant behaviors that ensue from pathogenic care in early childhood. This author sought to review the literature from a holistic perspective, embracing both diagnostic positions. Seventy-three articles addressing childhood trauma and the ensuing emotional or behavioral disturbances were evaluated, mostly empirical—including 16 that specified posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 21 that specified attachment disorders, and 37 that included potential overlaps between both trauma derivatives. An additional 138 studies were reviewed but not included herein because those focused on broader issues. Statistical data, financial and emotional impacts, and the effects of disrupted attachments were addressed—including both children with secure attachments and those with compromised attachments. The critical effect of both positive and negative parental responses was evaluated, as well as correlations or overlaps in the diagnostic criteria and symptom manifestations of the children and any apparent gaps in the current research. The literature details that the prognosis and course of treatment vary significantly between the two etiologies—apparently at least in part due to possible clinician bias in conceptualizations of the two populations. There are clear overlaps in the diagnostic criteria that strongly suggest comorbidity between the disorders, however, which is especially critical to analyze in the future, since there are solid, empirical, evidence-based treatment protocols for PTSD, but not for attachment disorders resulting from pathogenic caregiver maltreatment.