bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of juvenile dermatomyositis responding to methotrexate and steroid
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya Indra , Saharso Darto
Published: September 2018

A 4-year-old patient presented with skin rash and muscle weakness. She was diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis based on Bohan and Peter criteria as well as laboratory testing. She received steroid and combined with methotrexate. The treatment resulted in a good response.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.675-677
Prediction of Sugarcane Yield Based on NDVI and Concentration of Leaf-Tissue Nutrients in Fields Managed with Straw Removal
Authors: Pinheiro Lisboa Izaias , Melo Damian Júnior , Roberto Cherubin Maurício , Silva Barros Pedro Paulo , Ricardo Fiorio Peterson , Cerri Carlos Clemente , Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Carlos
Published: September 2018

The total or partial removal of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) straw for bioenergy production may deplete soil quality and consequently affect negatively crop yield. Plants with lower yield potential may present lower concentration of leaf-tissue nutrients, which in turn changes light reflectance of canopy in different wavelengths. Therefore, vegetation indexes, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with concentration of leaf-tissue nutrients could be a useful tool for monitoring potential sugarcane yield changes under straw management. Two sites in São Paulo state, Brazil were utilized to evaluate the potential of NDVI for monitoring sugarcane yield changes imposed by different straw removal rates. The treatments were established with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% straw removal. The data used for the NDVI calculation was obtained using satellite images (CBERS-4) and hyperspectral sensor (FieldSpec Spectroradiometer, Malvern Panalytical, Almelo, Netherlands). Besides sugarcane yield, the concentration of the leaf-tissue nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and S) were also determined. The NDVI efficiently predicted sugarcane yield under different rates of straw removal, with the highest performance achieved with NDVI derived from satellite images than hyperspectral sensor. In addition, leaf-tissue N and P concentrations were also important parameters to compose the prediction models of sugarcane yield. A prediction model approach based on data of NDVI and leaf-tissue nutrient concentrations may help the Brazilian sugarcane sector to monitor crop yield changes in areas intensively managed for bioenergy production.
Supplementing Oregano Essential Oil in a Reduced-Protein Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility by Modulating Intestinal Bacteria, Intestinal Morphology, and Antioxidative Capacity of Growing-Finishing Pigs
Authors: Cheng Chuanshang , Xia Mao , Zhang Xiaming , Wang Chao , Jiang Siwen , Peng Jian
Published: September 2018

This study investigated the effects of supplementing oregano essential oil (OEO) to a reduced-protein diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity of growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments including normal-protein diet (NPD), reduced-protein, amino acid-supplemented diet (RPD), the same RPD supplemented with chlortetracycline (RPA), and RPD supplemented with OEO (RPO). The data showed that dietary OEO supplementation increased the average daily gain of pigs compared with NPD and RPD. The gain:feed in RPO- and NPD-fed pigs was higher than those in RPD- and RPA-fed pigs. Increased average daily feed intake and 10th-rib backfat thickness were detected in RPA-fed pigs. Pigs fed the RPO had higher apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein than those fed the other diets. The RPD and RPA treatments showed reduced counts of Lactobacillus spp. in ileal digesta of pigs. The RPA and RPO treatments also showed lower Escherichia coli counts in ileal digesta than the NPD and RPD treatments. Dietary OEO supplementation increased villous height of the jejunum and the ileal and plasma total antioxidative capacity of pigs. In conclusion, dietary OEO supplementation could improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs by modulating intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity.
Electrokinetic Characterization of Natural Stones Coated with Nanocomposites for the Protection of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Roveri Marco , Raneri Simona , Bianchi Sabrina , Gherardi Francesca , Castelvetro Valter , Toniolo Lucia
Published: September 2018

Protective coatings, in recent years also from nanocomposite formulations, are commonly applied onto architectural stone and stone artefacts, mainly to prevent absorption of condensed water and dissolved atmospheric pollutants into the porous stone structure. While standard protocols to assess a coating’s performance are available, understanding the response of the coating-stone system is a complex task, due to the interplay of various factors determining the overall behaviour. Characterization techniques allowing one to correlate the extent and nature of surface modification upon treatment with the most relevant physical properties (i.e., water absorption and surface wettability) are thus of great interest. Electrokinetic analysis based on streaming current measurements, thanks to its sensitivity towards even minor changes in the surface chemical composition, may fulfil such requirement. Indeed, by involving the interaction with a testing aqueous electrolyte solution, this technique allows one to probe not only the outer surface, but also the outermost layer of the pore network, which plays a crucial role in the interaction of the stone with condensed atmospheric water. In this work, a correlation was found between the extent of surface modification, as determined by streaming current measurements, surface wettability and capillary water absorption, for three lithotypes with different mineralogical and microstructural properties treated with two nanocomposite formulations (one water based and one in alcoholic solvent) containing organosilica precursors and titania nanoparticles.
Impact of Air Mass Conditions and Aerosol Properties on Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch
Authors: Lacher Larissa , Steinbacher Martin , Bukowiecki Nicolas , Herrmann Erik , Zipori Assaf , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: September 2018

Ice nucleation is the source of primary ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds. Only a small fraction of aerosols called ice nucleating particles (INPs) catalyze ice formation, with their nature and origin remaining unclear. In this study, we investigate potential predictor parameters of meteorological conditions and aerosol properties for INP concentrations at mixed-phase cloud condition at 242 K. Measurements were conducted at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland, 3580 m a.s.l.), which is located predominantly in the free troposphere (FT) but can occasionally receive injections from the boundary layer (BLI). Measurements are taken during a long-term study of eight field campaigns, allowing for the first time an interannual (2014–2017) and seasonal (spring, summer, and winter) distinction of high-time-resolution INP measurements. We investigate ranked correlation coefficients between INP concentrations and meteorological parameters and aerosol properties. While a commonly used parameterization lacks in predicting the observed INP concentrations, the best INP predictor is the total available surface area of the aerosol particles, with no obvious seasonal trend in the relationship. Nevertheless, the predicting capability is less pronounced in the FT, which might be caused by ageing effects. Furthermore, there is some evidence of anthropogenic influence on INP concentrations during BLI. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of ice nucleation in the free troposphere, however, it also underlines that a knowledge gap of ice nucleation in such an environment exists.
Analysis of Psychological Risks in the Professional Activities of Oil and Gas Workers in the Far North of the Russian Federation
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia
Published: September 2018

The professional activity in shifts in the Arctic contributes to the development of unfavorable functional status and destructive personal qualities of workers, which leads to a decrease in the level of mental health and efficiency of labor activity. The reference to the risk-oriented approach is conditioned by the need to predict the professional efficiency of shift personnel. The purpose of this study is to determine the psychological risks of oil and gas workers with a shift work organization in the Arctic. The study involved 70 oil and gas workers. The research methods were used as follows: documentation study, work process monitoring, questionnaire survey, psychophysiological and psychological testing, and statistical analysis methods: descriptive statistics—conjugacy tables with calculation of Pearson’s criterion, two-stage cluster, dispersion, and discriminant analyzes. As a result of this research, it was established that oil and gas workers characterized by different combinations of character accentuations would have different psychological risks, and, consequently, different approaches to their psychological support are needed.
Photooxidation of Cyclohexane by Visible and Near-UV Light Catalyzed by Tetraethylammonium Tetrachloroferrate
Authors: Fahy Kira M. , Liu Adam C. , Barnard Kelsie R. , Bright Valerie R. , Enright Robert J. , Hoggard Patrick E.
Published: September 2018

Tetraethylammonium tetrachloroferrate catalyzes the photooxidation of cyclohexane heterogeneously, exhibiting significant photocatalysis even in the visible portion of the spectrum. The photoproducts, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, initially develop at constant rates, implying that the ketone and the alcohol are both primary products. The yield is improved by the inclusion of 1% acetic acid in the cyclohexane. With small amounts of catalyst, the reaction rate increases with the amount of catalyst employed, but then passes through a maximum and decreases, due to increased reflection of the incident light. The reaction rate also passes through a maximum as the percentage of dioxygen above the sample is increased. This behavior is due to quenching by oxygen, which at the same time is a reactant. Under one set of reaction conditions, the photonic efficiency at 365 nm was 0.018 mol/Einstein. Compared to TiO2 as a catalyst, Et4N[FeCl4] generates lower yields at wavelengths below about 380 nm, but higher yields at longer wavelengths. Selectivity for cyclohexanol is considerably greater with Et4N[FeCl4], and oxidation does not proceed past cyclohexanone.
The Feasibility and Acceptability of The Girls Peer Activity (G-PACT) Peer-led Mentoring Intervention
Authors: Owen Michael B. , Kerner Charlotte , Taylor Sarah L. , Noonan Robert J. , Newson Lisa , Kosteli Maria-Christina , Curry Whitney B. , Fairclough Stuart J.
Published: September 2018

Enjoyment of physical activity (PA) is positively correlated with PA engagement. The inclusion of peers has been found to increase the likelihood of PA enjoyment in youth. Peer-led strategies, incorporating peer networks in the intervention delivery, is relatively underused and consequently understudied in school-based PA interventions. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the novel Girls Peer Activity (G-PACT) peer-led mentoring intervention. Two-hundred and forty-nine Year 9 adolescent girls (13–14 years old) from three mixed-sex secondary schools located in West Lancashire, North-West England were invited to participate in the G-PACT project. The study employed a novel approach by using a three-tier model, including (Tier 1) Mentors (undergraduate students), (Tier 2) Leaders (Year 9 girls selected by teachers), and (Tier 3) Peers (whole Year 9 cohort). Mentors delivered a series of educational and leadership training to the Leaders in each respective school who then disseminated this information to their Peers and encouraged them to engage in more physical activities. Eight focus groups were conducted with Leaders (n = 40), 28 focus groups with Peers (n = 185), two focus groups with Mentors (n = 6), and three interviews with teachers (n = 4). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the pooled data and identify the key themes. The study found that the G-PACT intervention was feasible and acceptable for adolescent PA Leaders and their Mentors. The relationship between Leaders and their Peers required refinement to improve the communication processes to increase Peer engagement in the G-PACT project.
Dependency of the Charge–Discharge Rate on Lithium Reaction Distributions for a Commercial Lithium Coin Cell Visualized by Compton Scattering Imaging
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Kanai Ryo , Tsuji Naruki , Yamashige Hisao , Orikasa Yuki , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Sakurai Yoshiharu , Sakurai Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

In this study, lithium reaction distributions, dependent on the charge–discharge rate, were non-destructively visualized for a commercial lithium-ion battery, using the Compton scattering imaging technique. By comparing lithium reaction distributions obtained at two different charge–discharge speeds, residual lithium ions were detected at the center of the negative electrode in a fully discharged state, at a relatively high-speed discharge rate. Moreover, we confirmed that inhomogeneous reactions were facilitated at a relatively high-speed charge–discharge rate, in both the negative and positive electrodes. A feature of our technique is that it can be applied to commercially used lithium-ion batteries, because it uses high-energy X-rays with high penetration power. Our technique thus opens a novel analyzing pathway for developing advanced batteries.
Dataset for SERS Plasmonic Array: Width, Spacing, and Thin Film Oxide Thickness Optimization
Authors: Klenke Christopher , Brawley Zachary , Bauman Stephen , Darweesh Ahmad , Debu Desalegn , Herzog Joseph
Published: September 2018

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves the scope and power of Raman spectroscopy by taking advantage of plasmonic nanostructures, which have the potential to enhance Raman signal strength by several orders of magnitude, which can allow for the detection of analyte molecules. The dataset presented provides results of a computational study that used a finite element method (FEM) to model gold nanowires on a silicon dioxide substrate. The survey calculated the surface average of optical surface enhancement due to plasmonic effects across the entire model and studied various geometric parameters regarding the width of the nanowires, spacing between the nanowires, and thickness of the silicon dioxide substrate. From this data, enhancement values were found to have a periodicity due to the thickness of the silicon dioxide. Additionally, strong plasmonic enhancement for smaller distances between nanowires were found, as expected; however, additional surface enhancement at greater gap distances were observed, which were not anticipated, possibly due to resonance with periodic dimensions and the frequency of the light. This data presentation will benefit future SERS studies by probing further into the computational and mathematical material presented previously.
Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Experimental Drugs for the Treatment of NAFLD
Authors: Dibba Pratima , Li Andrew A. , Perumpail Brandon J. , John Nimy , Sallam Sandy , Shah Neha D. , Kwong Waiyee , Cholankeril George , Kim Donghee , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: September 2018

The two main subsets of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include: (1) nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), the more common and non-progressive subtype; and (2) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the less common subtype, which has the potential to progress to advanced liver damage. Current treatment strategies have focused on lifestyle management of modifiable risk factors, namely weight, and on the optimization of the management of individual components of metabolic syndrome. Various hypothetical pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed, leading to the development of novel drugs with the potential to effectively treat patients with NASH. Numerous clinical trials are ongoing, utilizing these experimental drugs and molecules targeting specific mechanistic pathway(s) to effectively treat NASH. Some of these mechanistic pathways targeted by experimental pharmacologic agents include chemokine receptor 2 and 5 antagonism, inhibition of galectin-3 protein, antagonism of toll-like receptor 4, variation of fibroblast growth factor 19, agonism of selective thyroid hormone receptor-beta, inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, inhibition of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, agonism of farnesoid X receptor, antibodies against lysl oxidase-like-2, and inhibition of inflammasomes. Emerging data are promising and further updates from ongoing clinical trials are eagerly awaited.
The Brennan–Lomasky Test of Expressive Voting: When Impressive Probability Differences Are Meaningless
Authors: Clark J. R. , Lee Dwight R.
Published: September 2018

We consider a test of expressive voting developed by Brennan and Lomasky (1993). They point out that in presidential elections the probability of a tie, and casting a decisive vote, increases “multi-billionfold” as the election becomes increasingly close. They conjecture that if voters are instrumentally motivated there would be enormous increases in voter turnout for presidential elections as they became close. When they find no consistent relationship between closeness and turnout in presidential elections since 1940, they conclude their test justifies a “decisive rejection of the instrumental voter hypothesis.” As dramatic as such a “multi-billionfold” increase is, we argue it would not motivate voting if an instrumental payoff was the only motivation for doing so. The Brennan–Lomasky test does give the correct result, but not for the reason they emphasize. They do see reasons why voting turnout would be moderated other than the dramatic probability of a decisive vote in close elections. Furthermore, they close their test by indicating that one reason turnout might be higher in close elections is that they are more interesting, which is congenial to an expressive account. We agree. We also argue that the observed tendency for voters to confirm their biases rather than change their minds provides additional support for expressive voting.
A Community Based Participatory Approach to Training Young Adults to Design and Implement a Social Marketing Framed Lifestyle Intervention on Their College Campus
Authors: Olfert Melissa D. , Barr Makenzie L. , Riggsbee Kristin , Kattelmann Kendra K. , Leischner Krista , Mathews Anne E. , Vilaro Melissa , Colby Sarah E.
Published: September 2018

Background: Using a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach may increase the likelihood of relevance and acceptability of the designed intervention, especially on a college campus. Furthermore, recruiting and training college students to design a social marketing framed healthy lifestyle intervention for their peers will allow the intervention to be tailored to the needs of the campus. Objectives: To describe the process of online-course training college students to develop a campus-based, social marketing health promotion intervention. Methods: Four universities recruited current college students (18+ y.o.) to develop a social marketing and environmental intervention (SMEI), which was completed during a 16-week, online/in-person hybrid semester course. Researchers and Extension professionals trained students to design 24 weeks of intervention events that would be implemented the upcoming year. Results: Seventy-eight students enrolled in the study and social marketing and environmental intervention course among the four intervention states (Florida = 30, South Dakota = 8, Tennessee = 13, West Virginia = 27); students were predominately Caucasian (65.8%), females (84.0%), and sophomore status in college (64.9%). Throughout the semester, students assessed their campus environments, set priorities, and developed weekly events and resources needed to implement the intervention on their campuses. By the end of the semester, with researcher support, students had designed 24 weeks of intervention events (marketing, recruiting, and implementation) focusing on nutrition/food/diet, physical activity, stress management, sleep, and time management. These events and resources were catalogued into a digital toolkit of instructions and activities for each week of intervention events. Conclusion: Using a Community-Based Participatory Research approach with college students interested in health allows for the development of an intervention that stems from grass roots efforts and is tailored to the acceptability and needs of their peers.
Receiving, or ‘Adopting’, Donated Embryos to Have Children: Parents Narrate and Draw Kinship Boundaries
Authors: Tasker Fiona , Gubello Alessio , Clarke Victoria , Moller Naomi , Nahman Michal , Willcox Rachel
Published: September 2018

Existing research suggests that embryo donation (ED) may be seen as similar to adoption by those who donate or receive embryos, or it may not. Our qualitative study explored whether having a child via embryo donation initiated kinship connections between embryo donor and recipient families as interpreted by recipient parents. Interviews were conducted with five parents from four families whose child(ren) had been born via embryo donation. All four families had an open-contact relationship set up with the couples who donated their embryos through an agency in the USA. Narrative thematic analysis of interview data and visual family map drawings were used to explore kinship conceptualizations. We conclude that the dilemma experienced by parents who have a child via embryo donation is to decide how to reconcile their child’s different genetic heritage, when gestation and upbringing both clearly boundary family membership solely within the recipient family. While some families were still struggling with this dilemma, one solution embarked upon by some parents when drawing their family map was to expand family membership, not only on the basis of genetics, but also via an appreciation of shared family and community values too.
MT-Feeding-Induced Impermanent Sex Reversal in the Orange-Spotted Grouper during Sex Differentiation
Authors: Wang Qing , Huang Minwei , Peng Cheng , Wang Xiang , Xiao Ling , Wang Dengdong , Chen Jiaxing , Zhao Huihong , Zhang Haifa , Li Shuisheng , Yang Huirong , Liu Yun , Lin Haoran , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2018

In this study, we systematically investigated the process of sex reversal induced by 17-methyltestosterone (MT) feeding and MT-feeding withdrawal at the ovary differentiation stage in orange-spotted groupers, Epinephelus coioides. Gonadal histology showed that MT feeding induced a precocious sex reversal from immature ovaries to testes, bypassing the formation of an ovarian cavity, and MT-feeding withdrawal led to an ovarian fate. In both the MT feeding and MT-feeding withdrawal phases, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B (cyp11b) gene expression and serum 11-KT levels were not significantly changed, suggesting that the MT-treated fish did not generate endogenous steroids, even though active spermatogenesis occurred. Finally, by tracing doublesex-expressing and Mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1)-expressing cells and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2-deoxyuridine, 5-triphosphate nick end labeling) assays, we found that the efferent duct formed first, and then, the germ cells and somatic cells of the testicular tissue were generated around the efferent duct during MT-feeding-induced precocious sex reversal. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex reversal induced by exogenous hormones during sex differentiation in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper.
Imbalanced Learning Based on Data-Partition and SMOTE
Authors: Guo Huaping , Zhou Jun , Wu Chang-An
Published: September 2018

Classification of data with imbalanced class distribution has encountered a significant drawback by most conventional classification learning methods which assume a relatively balanced class distribution. This paper proposes a novel classification method based on data-partition and SMOTE for imbalanced learning. The proposed method differs from conventional ones in both the learning and prediction stages. For the learning stage, the proposed method uses the following three steps to learn a class-imbalance oriented model: (1) partitioning the majority class into several clusters using data partition methods such as K-Means, (2) constructing a novel training set using SMOTE on each data set obtained by merging each cluster with the minority class, and (3) learning a classification model on each training set using convention classification learning methods including decision tree, SVM and neural network. Therefore, a classifier repository consisting of several classification models is constructed. With respect to the prediction stage, for a given example to be classified, the proposed method uses the partition model constructed in the learning stage to select a model from the classifier repository to predict the example. Comprehensive experiments on KEEL data sets show that the proposed method outperforms some other existing methods on evaluation measures of recall, g-mean, f-measure and AUC.
Transcriptional Control of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Major Royal Jelly Proteins by 20-Hydroxyecdysone
Authors: Winkler Paul , Sieg Frank , Buttstedt Anja
Published: September 2018

One of the first tasks of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) during their lifetime is to feed the larval offspring. In brief, young workers (nurse bees) secrete a special food jelly that contains a large amount of unique major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). The regulation of mrjp gene expression is not well understood, but the large upregulation in well-fed nurse bees suggests a tight repression until, or a massive induction upon, hatching of the adult worker bees. The lipoprotein vitellogenin, the synthesis of which is regulated by the two systemic hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone, is thought to be a precursor for the production of MRJPs. Thus, the regulation of mrjp expression by the said systemic hormones is likely. This study focusses on the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone by elucidating its effect on mrjp gene expression dynamics. Specifically, we tested whether 20-hydroxyecdysone displayed differential effects on various mrjps. We found that the expression of the mrjps (mrjp1–3) that were finally secreted in large amounts into the food jelly, in particular, were down regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment, with mrjp3 showing the highest repression value.
Take Profit and Stop Loss Trading Strategies Comparison in Combination with an MACD Trading System
Authors: Vezeris Dimitrios , Kyrgos Themistoklis , Schinas Christos
Published: September 2018

A lot of strategies for Take Profit and Stop Loss functionalities have been propounded and scrutinized over the years. In this paper, we examine various strategies added to a simple MACD automated trading system and used on selected assets from Forex, Metals, Energy, and Cryptocurrencies categories and afterwards, we compare and contrast their results. We conclude that Take Profit strategies based on faster take profit signals on MACD are not better than a simple MACD strategy and of the different Stop Loss strategies based on ATR, the sliding and variable ATR window has the best results for a period of 12 and a multiplier of 6. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we implement a combination of an adaptive MACD Expert Advisor that uses back-tested optimized parameters per asset with price levels defined by the ATR indicator, used to set limits for Stop Loss.
Effect of Al Element on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Ni-Fe-Mn Alloys
Authors: Yang Ran , Wen Jiuba , Zhou Yanjun , Song Kexing , Song Zhengcheng
Published: September 2018

The effects of aluminum on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior in artificial seawater of Cu-Ni-Fe-Mn alloys were investigated. Cu-7Ni-xAl-1Fe-1Mn samples, consisting of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt % aluminum along with the same contents of other alloying elements (Ni, Fe, and Mn), were prepared. The microstructure of Cu-7Ni-xAl-1Fe-1Mn alloy was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and its corrosion property was tested by an electrochemical system. The results show that the mechanical and corrosion properties of Cu-7Ni-xAl-1Fe-1Mn alloy have an obvious change with the aluminum content. The tensile strength has a peak value of 395 MPa by adding 3 wt % aluminum in the alloy. Moreover, the corrosion rate in artificial seawater of Cu-7Ni-3Al-1Fe-1Mn alloy is 0.0215 mm/a which exhibits a better corrosion resistance than the commercially used UNS C70600. It is confirmed that the second-phase transformation of Cu-7Ni-xAl-1Fe-1Mn alloy follows the sequence of α solid solution → Ni3Al → Ni3Al + NiAl → Ni3Al + NiAl3. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the adding element aluminum in the Cupronickel can improve the corrosion resistance of Cu-7Ni-xAl-1Fe-1Mn alloy.
Optimizing Three-Dimensional Constrained Ordered Weighted Averaging Aggregation Problem with Bounded Variables
Authors: Tang Hui-Chin , Yang Shen-Tai
Published: September 2018

A single constrained ordered weighted averaging aggregation (COWA) problem is of considerable importance in many disciplines. Two models are considered: the maximization COWA problem with lower bounded variables and the minimization COWA problem with upper bounded variables. For a three-dimensional case of these models, we present the explicitly optimal solutions theoretically and empirically. The bounds and weights can affect the optimal solution of the three-dimensional COWA problem with bounded variables.
Effects of Shugan-Jianpi Recipe on the Expression of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Hepatocytes of NAFLD Rats
Authors: Deng Yuanjun , Tang Kairui , Chen Runsen , Liu Yajie , Nie Huan , Wang Hong , Zhang Yupei , Yang Qinhe
Published: September 2018

Background: In traditional Chinese medicine, the Shugan-Jianpi recipe is often used in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the Shugan-Jianpi recipe in relation to rats with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal group (NG), model group (MG), low-dose Chaihu–Shugan–San group (L-CG), high-dose Chaihu–Shugan–San group (H-CG), low-dose Shenling–Baizhu–San group (L-SG), high-dose Shenling–Baizhu–San group (H-SG), low dose of integrated-recipes group (L-IG), and high dose of integrated-recipes group (H-IG). After 26 weeks, a lipid profile, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferases in serum were detected. The serum levels of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Hepatic pathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. The expression of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results: A pathological section revealed that NAFLD rats have been successfully reproduced. Compared with the model group, each treatment group had different degrees of improvement. The Shugan-Jianpi recipe can inhibit the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in NAFLD rats. The expression of mRNA and a protein related to the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were markedly decreased as a result of the Shugan-Jianpi recipe. Conclusions: The Shugan-Jianpi recipe could attenuate NAFLD progression, and its mechanism may be related to the suppression of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocytes.
Dual Functional Ultrafiltration Membranes with Enzymatic Digestion and Thermo-Responsivity for Protein Self-Cleaning
Authors: Vanangamudi Anbharasi , Dumée Ludovic F. , Duke Mikel C. , Yang Xing
Published: September 2018

Controlling surface–protein interaction during wastewater treatment is the key motivation for developing functionally modified membranes. A new biocatalytic thermo-responsive poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/nylon-6,6/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm) ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated to achieve dual functionality of protein-digestion and thermo-responsive self-cleaning. The PVDF/nylon-6,6/PNIPAAm composite membranes were constructed by integrating a hydrophobic PVDF cast layer and hydrophilic nylon-6,6/PNIPAAm nanofiber layer on to which trypsin was covalently immobilized. The enzyme immobilization density on the membrane surface decreased with increasing PNIPAAm concentration, due to the decreased number of amine functional sites. An ultrafiltration study was performed using the synthetic model solution containing BSA/NaCl/CaCl2, where the PNIPAAm containing biocatalytic membranes demonstrated a combined effect of enzymatic and thermo-switchable self-cleaning. The membrane without PNIPAAm revealed superior fouling resistance and self-cleaning with an RPD of 22%, compared to membranes with 2 and 4 wt % PNIPAAm with 26% and 33% RPD, respectively, after an intermediate temperature cleaning at 50 °C, indicating that higher enzyme density offers more efficient self-cleaning than the combined effect of enzyme and PNIPAAm at low concentration. The conformational volume phase transition of PNIPAAm did not affect the stability of immobilized trypsin on membrane surfaces. Such novel surface engineering design offer a promising route to mitigate surface–protein contamination in wastewater applications.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior of EN08 Steel at Different Temperatures and Strain Rates
Authors: Abed Farid , Abdul-Latif Akrum , Yehia Ayatollah
Published: September 2018

The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical response of EN08 steel at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates. Uniaxial tensile tests under quasi-static regime (from 0.0015 s−1 to 0.15 s−1) are conducted on EN08 steel at a range of temperatures between 298 K and 923 K. Dynamic compression tests are also performed by using a drop hammer and by considering different masses and heights to study the material response at strain rates up to 800 s−1. Through the stress-strain responses of EN08 steel, a strong dependency of the yield stress as well as the ultimate strength on the strain rate and temperature is recognized. Furthermore, the strain hardening is highly affected by the increase of temperature at all levels of strain rate. The microstructure of the steel is also examined at a fracture by using SEM images to quantify the density of microdefects and define the damage evolution by using an energy-based damage model.
Changes in the Elemental and Metabolite Profile of Wheat Phloem Sap during Grain Filling Indicate a Dynamic between Plant Maturity and Time of Day
Authors: Palmer Lachlan J. , Stangoulis James C. R.
Published: September 2018

The long distance transport of Fe and Zn in the phloem sap of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the key route for seed supply, due to wheat having a xylem discontinuity. To date, our knowledge is limited on Fe and Zn homeostasis in the phloem sap during the reproductive and grain filling stages. With the use of aphid stylectomy to collect samples of phloem sap, we explored maturity and morning versus afternoon (within-day) changes in nutrient and metabolite profiles. Phloem exudate was collected from a wheat breeding line, SAMNYT16, at three times during the grain filling period and at both midday and mid-afternoon. There were significant changes in the concentration of Mg, K, Fe and Zn during the course of grain loading and there were also significant within-day differences for Fe and K concentrations in the phloem exudate during the early phases of grain development. We found that, for K and Fe, there was an increase of 1.1- and 1.4-fold, respectively, for samples taken prior to midday to those from mid-afternoon. There was also a significant decrease in K, Fe and Zn phloem sap concentration of 1.5-, 1.4- and 1.1-fold, respectively, from the start of peak grain loading to the end of grain loading. Of the 79 metabolites detected within samples of phloem exudate, 43 had significant maturity differences and 38 had significant within-day variability. Glutamine was found to increase by 3.3–5.9-fold from midday to mid-afternoon and citric acid was found to decrease by 1.6-fold from the start of grain loading to the end of grain loading. These two metabolites are of interest as they can complex metal ions and may play a role in long distance transport of metal ions. The work presented here gives further insight into the complex composition of the phloem sap and variability that can occur during the day and also with increasing maturity.
Determination of Total Polysaccharides and Total Flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: He Juan , Chen Lidan , Chu Bingquan , Zhang Chu
Published: September 2018

The rapid and nondestructive determination of active compositions in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Hangbaiju) is of great value for producers and consumers. Hyperspectral imaging as a rapid and nondestructive technique was used to determine total polysaccharides and total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Hyperspectral images of different sizes of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers were acquired. Pixel-wise spectra within all samples were preprocessed by wavelet transform (WT) followed by standard normal variate (SNV). Partial least squares (PLS) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) were used to build prediction models using sample average spectra calculated by preprocessed pixel-wise spectra. The LS-SVM model performed better than the PLS models, with the determination of the coefficient of calibration (R2c) and prediction (R2p) being over 0.90 and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) being over 3 for total polysaccharides and total flavonoids content prediction. Prediction maps of total polysaccharides and total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers were successfully obtained by LS-SVM models, which exhibited the best performances. The overall results showed that hyperspectral imaging was a promising technique for the rapid and accurate determination of active ingredients in Chrysanthemum morifolium, indicating the great potential to develop an online system for the quality determination of Chrysanthemum morifolium.
A New Strategy for Rapidly Screening Natural Inhibitors Targeting the PCSK9/LDLR Interaction In Vitro
Authors: Li Li , Shen Chen , Huang Ya-Xuan , Li Ya-Nan , Liu Xiu-Feng , Liu Xu-Ming , Liu Ji-Hua
Published: September 2018

The interaction between proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a promising target for the treatment of hyperc-holesterolemia. In this study, a new method based on competitive affinity and tag detection was developed, which aimed to evaluate potent natural inhibitors preventing the interaction of PCSK9/LDLR directly. Herein, natural compounds with efficacy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia were chosen to investigate their inhibitory activities on the PCSK9/LDLR interaction. Two of them, polydatin (1) and tetrahydroxydiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside (2), were identified as potential inhibitors for the PCSK9/LDLR interaction and were proven to prevent PCSK9-mediated LDLR degradation in HepG2 cells. The results suggested that this strategy could be applied for evaluating potential bioactive compounds inhibiting the interaction of PCSK9/LDLR and this strategy could accelerate the discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of PCSK9-mediated hypercholesterolemia.
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation of Copper/Ascorbate Formulations on Cotton: Effect on Antibacterial and Fibroblast Activity for Wound Healing Application
Authors: Edwards J. Vincent , Prevost Nicolette T. , Santiago Michael , Von Hoven Terri , Condon Brian D. , Qureshi Huzaifah , Yager Dorne R.
Published: September 2018

Greige cotton (unbleached cotton) is an intact plant fiber that retains much of the outer cotton fiber layers. These layers contain pectin, peroxidases, and trace metals that are associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation during cotton fiber development. When greige cotton is subjected to a nonwoven hydroentanglement process, components of the outer cotton fiber layers are retained. When hydrated, this fabric can generate H2O2 (5–50 micromolar). This range has been characterized as inducing accelerated wound healing associated with enhanced cell signaling and the proliferation of cells vital to wound restoration. On the other hand, H2O2 levels above 50 micromolar have been associated with bacteriostatic activity. Here, we report the preparation and hydrogen peroxide activity of copper/ascorbate formulations, both as adsorbed and in situ synthesized analogs on cotton. The cooper/ascorbate-cotton formulations were designed with the goal of modulating hydrogen peroxide levels within functional ranges beneficial to wound healing. The cotton/copper formulation analogs were prepared on nonwoven unbleached cotton and characterized with cotton impregnation titers of 3–14 mg copper per gram of cotton. The copper/ascorbate cotton analog formulations were characterized spectroscopically, and the copper titer was quantified with ICP analysis and probed for peroxide production through assessment with Amplex Red. All analogs demonstrated antibacterial activity. Notably, the treatment of unbleached cotton with low levels of ascorbate (~2 mg/g cotton) resulted in a 99 percent reduction in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. In situ synthesized copper/ascorbate nanoparticles retained activity and did not leach out upon prolonged suspension in an aqueous environment. An assessment of H2O2 effects on fibroblast proliferation are discussed in light of the copper/cotton analogs and wound healing.
Isolation and Identification of Benzochroman and Acylglycerols from Massa Medicata Fermentata and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-Stimulated Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Sun Ya Nan , Yang Seo Young , Koh Young-Sang , Kim Young Ho , Li Wei
Published: September 2018

Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF), known as Shenqu, is an important traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat indigestion, vomiting, and diarrhea. In this study, a new benzochroman, 3(S)-3,4-dihydro-5,10-di-β-d-glucopyranoside-2,2-dimethyl-2H-naphtho(2,3-b)pyran-3-ol (1), and five known galactosyl acylglycerols (2–6) were isolated from a methanol extract from MMF. In addition, their chemical structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods, which were compared with the previously reported data. Furthermore, the effects of isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were investigated. Compounds 1–3 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced production of IL-6 and IL-12 p40, with IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 10.2 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 also exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α with IC50 values of 12.0 and 11.2 μM, respectively. The results might provide a scientific basis for the development of the active components in MMF, as well as for novel anti-inflammatory agents.
Neuroprotective Effects of Radix Scrophulariae on Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via MAPK Pathways
Authors: Meng Xiangbao , Xie Weijie , Xu Quanfu , Liang Tian , Xu Xudong , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo
Published: September 2018

Ischemic stroke is a clinically common cerebrovascular disease whose main risks include necrosis, apoptosis and cerebral infarction, all caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury or apoptosis inhibition in human brain tissue may exert an irreplaceable protective effect on ischemic nerves. This process has particular significance for the treatment of stroke patients. However, the development of neuroprotective drugs remains challenging. Radix Scrophulariae, traditionally considered a valuable medicine, has been discovered to have neuroprotective effects. To explore the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Radix Scrophulariae (RSAE) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and their underlying mechanisms, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced PC12 cells were used, and a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) mouse model was established. In vitro results showed that 12.5 μg/mL RSAE markedly improved cell viability; inhibited LDH leakage; increased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activity; stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential; and reduced OGD-induced cell injury and apoptosis. Additionally, in vivo results preliminarily suggested that in MCAO/R model mice, RSAE treatments attenuated infarct volume; reduced brain water content and nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations; inhibited I/R-induced neurological deficits; reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage release; improved antioxidant capacity by upregulating SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activity; and reduced neuronal apoptosis, necrosis and loss of neurons. Moreover, it was found that RSAE upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of Bax. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of MAPK signal pathways were elucidated via western blot analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation. In summary, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of RSAE on focal cerebral I/R injury in mice. Radix Scrophulariae has been previously identified as a potential neuroprotective natural plant. Hence, our results may offer insight into discovering new active compounds or drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Many new natural active chemicals in this extract may be discovered by chemical separation and identification and may provide new insights into therapeutic targets in stroke patients.
Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Simulation
Authors: Murugesu Suganya , Ibrahim Zalikha , Ahmed Qamar-Uddin , Nik Yusoff Nik-Idris , Uzir Bisha-Fathamah , Perumal Vikneswari , Abas Faridah , Saari Khozirah , El-Seedi Hesham , Khatib Alfi
Published: September 2018

Background: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is an Acanthaceae herbal shrub traditionally consumed to treat various diseases including diabetes in Malaysia. This study was designed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. nutans leaves extracts, and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity. Methods: Crude extract obtained from the dried leaves using 80% methanolic solution was further partitioned using different polarity solvents. The resultant extracts were investigated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential followed by metabolites profiling using the gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Multivariate data analysis was developed by correlating the bioactivity, and GC-MS data generated a suitable partial least square (PLS) model resulting in 11 bioactive compounds, namely, palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid (methyl ester), 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol, glycerol monostearate, alpha-tocospiro B, and stigmasterol. In-silico study via molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A). Interactions between the inhibitors and the protein were predicted involving residues, namely LYS156, THR310, PRO312, LEU313, GLU411, and ASN415 with hydrogen bond, while PHE314 and ARG315 with hydrophobic bonding. Conclusion: The study provides informative data on the potential α-glucosidase inhibitors identified in C. nutans leaves, indicating the plant’s therapeutic effect to manage hyperglycemia.