bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning for the utilization of hydro power in the Belayan river, East Kalimantan
Authors: Windarta J , Saptadi S , Darmanto N A , Handoyo E , Machfudz L , Herman I
Published: June 2020

Non-renewable energy power plants are barely able to meet all electricity needs but they have negative impacts on the environment as does greenhouse gas pollution. For now, investors and academics are competing to make renewable energy power plants, one of them is hydroelectric power plant. National Energy General Plan Data (RUEN) issued by the government shows that East, Central and South Kalimantan has water potential in the amount of 16.844 MW. Therefore, this study chose Tabang, East Kalimantan as a case study to build a hydroelectric power plant. Belayan River according to the East Kalimantan Region III River Agency has potential water reaches 424,36 m3/s, so it is very strategic for hydroelectric power plants. The survey results provide 3 possible alternatives for dam construction. The type of water turbine chosen is Francis vertical shaft with output power 71.701,98 kW and generator with output power 69.550,922 kW. The output power that can be generated by this hydroelectric power plant is equal to 280 MW by use 4 generating units.
Generalized of properties symmetric element on rings with involution
Authors: Udjiani T , Suryoto  , Harjito
Published: June 2020

The definition of symmetric elements in a ring equipped with involution can be generalized by multiplying it as many as n natural number. Generalizing of symmetric elements is known as the generalized symmetric elements. Not each generalized symmetric element has a generalized Moore Penrose inverse. That condition is an extension of the symmetric elements properties in a ring. This paper produces others properties of generalized symmetric elements. Method which is used is by generalizing the commutative properties between symmetric elements with generalized Moore Penrose inverse.
Desalination of seawater with supported liquid membrane
Authors: Djunaidi M C , Pardoyo
Published: June 2020

Seawater contains a lot of dissolved substances which are important chemicals. Broadly speaking the chemical composition of seawater is the main constituents of salinity, trace elements, gases, organic compounds, and suspended material. Desalination techniques have long been known and carried out, among others, by distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange (ion exchange) and electrodialysis. SLM is a separation technique consisting of two homogeneous phases, namely the feed phase and the receiving phase. Separation with SLM techniques is largely determined by the effectiveness and selectivity of the carrier compound. In this study using D2EHPA-TBP and HTTA-TBP as a carrier compound which was then applied in decreasing salinity levels of seawater. Seawater desalination with the SLM technique for carrier compounds was 81.690% and 84.504%, respectively.
Backpropagation artificial neural network for prediction plant seedling growth
Authors: Pohan S , Warsito B , Suryono S
Published: June 2020

Prediction of the growth of plant seedlings is one of the important problems in the world in order to fulfill the availability of food for all residents. At this time Greenhouse technology has been developed which is one of the technologies that support plant growth. Unfortunately, prediction technology is still done manually so the results are not accurate. This paper proposes the Neural Network Backpropagation method to evaluate the growth of plant seedlings in the greenhouse area. Data collected from the internet network system from temperature sensors, soil humidity, environmental humidity, light intensity and cameras to monitor growth. Seedling prediction is done by building a computer program using the neural network backpropagation algorithm based on time series that has input layer, hidden layer and output prediction architecture. Training data is used to carry out the training process before the program is used to perform predictions. Furthermore, the program is used to make predictions. The results of applying the neural network backpropagation algorithm to predict the growth of plant seedlings in the greenhouse get good results based on the first iteration Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0112, with computing time 0.0193 seconds and data accuracy of 92.79%, which means that the prediction generated approximates actual data for the application of backpropagation neural network algorithms to the evaluation of plant seedling growth.
Light effect transistors for high speed and low energy switching and beyond
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: June 2020

A semiconductor nanowire based photo-conductive device, referred to as light effect transistor (LET), is demonstrated for replicating the field effect transistor (FET) functions with potentially higher speed and lower switching energy, and offering novel, beyond FET functionalities, e.g., optical logic gates and optical amplification. In an integrated photonic circuit, photonic components are typically used for interconnection between electronic subsystems. A hybrid electronic-photonic integrated circuits with LETs with FETs on one chip can take the advantages of the two worlds and mitigate their shortcomings, which will offer major improvement in performance over the pure electronic version.
Stable rotation of fullerenes in molecular crystal structures
Authors: Bubenchikov A M , Bubenchikov M A , Mamontov D V
Published: June 2020

A large number of various fullerenes and their analogues, each of which individually has different properties, are known. This work presents a consideration of several types of fullerenes in various structures. Using a mathematical model of molecular dynamics we aim to understand the behavioural nature of such structures and answer the questions concerning the reasons for the occurrence of unique properties of individual molecules and crystals, as well as structures consisting of them. We also discuss possible influences on properties of nanomaterials. Finally, we suggest a forecast on how the materials under consideration can be applied.
Qualitative differences in the calculated THz absorption spectra of linear and branched polymers as exemplifed in amylose and amylopectin
Authors: Semenova A V , Vaks V L , Guseva Yu S , Babarina D A , Morunova S S , Vilkov A S
Published: June 2020

Qualitative absorption spectra of the amylose and the amylopectin molecules were calculated in the THz frequency range within the framework of a simple model of coupled oscillators. The simulations revealed that the absorption of the linear molecule (amylose) was approximately twice as strong as that of the branched molecule (amylopectin) with the same molecular weight. The differences in the fine structure of the obtained spectra were also described. The results can be used to determine the degree of polymer branching using THz spectroscopy.
The experiment of activity and stability of antioxidant extracted from Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L) leaves at various conditions of concentration, pH values, and temperatures
Authors: Fiardilla F , Warsiki E , Sugiarto
Published: June 2020

Melastoma Malabathricum L. (Senduduk) is a type of weed that serves as an antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hepatoxic, anti-diabetic and antiseptic to kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to obtain antioxidant extracts from Senduduk leaves and to test its antioxidants stability in various temperatures and pH. Senduduk leaves are extracted by macerating them with 95% ethanol solvent for 72 hours, and then the solvent is evaporated using a vacuum evaporator at 40 °C. In this experiment, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrihidazil 1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrihidazil) method is used to test the antioxidant activity. Based on this experiment, the extract yield produced from Senduduk leaves was 10.40% (w/w). The results show that the extracts experience an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical formation by 91.734% at 100 ppm concentration. It is known that the antioxidant from the extract of Senduduk leaves is stable at pH 3-5 and at temperature of 70 °C. The IC50 (Inhibition Concentration) value is 55.432 ppm, which proves that the antioxidant properties of the leaves extracts can be classified as strong antioxidant.
Production and characteristic of natural coloring and flavoring preparations from pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
Authors: Arshimny N A , Syamsu K
Published: June 2020

Pandanus amaryllifolius or pandan is widely used as a source of natural seasoning such as food coloring and flavoring. The objective of this research is to study maltodextrin concentration’s effect on physical and chemical properties of pandan preparations, to substitute the use of synthetic coloring and flavoring in its application to pandan cake. Pandan leaves are extracted by distilled water with destruction method using a blender, then added with maltodextrin(w/v) as filler, as well as binder and stabilizer. The extract is converted to powder using vacuum dryer at ±60°C, then sifted with an 80 mesh sieve. The total yield test showed that 35% maltodextrin(w/v) addition had the largest amount of yield. While in the organoleptic test, the most liked color of pandan preparations was 20% maltodextrin(w/v) addition. In its application to pandan cake, the most liked color and flavor was 35% maltodextrin(w/v) addition. The comparison with synthetic coloring and flavoring showed that color has a significant effect while flavor does not. From all parameters, the best treatment of pandan preparations was the addition of 35% maltodextrin(w/v). It can be concluded that pandan preparations in powder form can be used as a substitute of synthetic coloring and flavoring.
Design of small-scale electrocoagulation reactor for non-sugar removal of sugarcane juice
Authors: Noersatyo  , Suprihatin  , Iskandar Ade
Published: June 2020

The most common sugarcane juice purification method practiced in Java is liming and sulphitation. In this research, electrocoagulation method was used to purify the sugarcane juice. This research purpose is to design an electrocoagulation reactor for the non-sugar removal of sugarcane juice. The design method of the reactor is based on IR-Drop and surface area per volume ratio (S/V) optimization. Electrode type and configuration was chosen considering the characteristic of sugarcane juice. A circulated vertical flow reactor type was built to conduct the electrocoagulation. The dimension of the reactor was 10 × 10 × 24 cm and had 8 electrodes installed with 1 cm inter electrode distance. The electrode was aluminium plate and arranged in bipolar configuration. The experiment used 35, 45, and 55 volt, flow rate of 40 L/min, and 30 minutes reaction time with 5 minutes interval. The result showed that an increase in voltage and reaction time increases the non-sugar removal efficiency. The mixed juice treated by electrocoagulation with 55 volt for 5 minutes could remove the non-sugar up to 21.47% and 33.49% for 30 minutes reaction time. The average of non-sugar removal by sulphitation in Java is 11.50% and 29.00% by carbonation. This study shows that electrocoagulation is more effective than the conventional method in removing the non- sugar. With the right scaling up method, electrocoagulation is possible to be practiced in a large scale sugar industry. Future studies are needed to evaluate the performance of electrocoagulation in terms of the clear juice quality and process efficiency.
Bio-value chains for high-value products and compounds as an example for innovation and management for sustainable agroindustry
Authors: Brands B , Kleinke M
Published: June 2020

The rapid rise in the use of natural resources and the emission of greenhouse gasses and extensive use of fertilizers to satisfy rising demand for food have led to a dynamic but unsustainable development even in agricultural areas. The principle of sustainability aims to conserve land, water and resources for future generations and to preserve the natural fertility of the soil. The BIVAC project seeks to develop novel, economically interesting products from residues streams produced in the agricultural sector. This surplus biomass could be very diverse. Residues are presently mostly returned to the fields, used in biogas plants or treated as waste. The material often contains valuable components, which could still be of use for the production in other companies. The project aims to determine which components can be found in these residue streams. To this end, different analytical methods are used ranging from photometric determinations to HPLC but also including determination of proteins using the Kjeldahl method or determination of parameters as dry matter, carbon and nitrogen content, analysis of heavy metals or the vitamin C content. The analyses carried out so far show that different residue streams contain candidate components that could be valuable for companies that do not primarily deal with agricultural products.
Utilization of pineapple peel and rice washing water to produce single cell proteins using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Mujdalipah S , Putri M L
Published: June 2020

Single cell protein (SCP) is an alternative for meeting protein needs in the future. The wastes such as pineapple skin and rice water washing can be utilized to produce SCP. These two materials are abundant in Indonesia. The consumption of pineapple and rice in Indonesia is very high. The rice is the main food for Indonesian people. The aim of this study is to determine the best ratio of pineapple skin juice and rice washing water as a growing medium to produce single cell proteins. This study was performed in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the ratio of pineapple skin and rice washing water. The ratios between pineapple skin and rice washing water were 1: 1, 2: 1 and 1: 2. The second factor was fermentation times (8, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72 and 80 hours). The analysis carried out included pH, cell dry weight and protein content. The best treatment is obtained by the treatment of pineapple skin and rice washing water in ratio of 1: 2 when it is fermented for 56 hours. This media produced 0.4752 grams of cell dry weight with the protein content at about 289.08 ppm.
Sustainable production of natural textile dyes industry
Authors: Elsahida K , Fauzi A M , Sailah I , Siregar I Z
Published: June 2020

Natural dye raw material is obtained from potential plants grown around the industry and then extracted by the industry itself. The uncertainty of the supply of natural dyes in the textile industry causes delayed fulfillment of consumer needs. The principle of sustainable production consists of economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic, social and environmental aspects of the production of natural textile dye industry. This study is conducted to determine consumer preferences for the natural dye textile products and the added value of the natural textile dye industry. Consumer preferences is acquired using cross-tab and value-added analysis using the Hayami method. Consumer preferences indicators were dye selection, willingness to pay, awareness, and market access. The natural textile dye industry has the potential to be developed because it can provide added value to agricultural materials that have not been used optimally and support sustainable development.
Utilization of plantation land for increasing Indonesian soybean production
Authors: Budiharti N , Wardana I N G
Published: June 2020

To meet the increasing demand for soybeans in Indonesia, it is necessary to increase the production rate. One way to do that is by utilizing the plantation land. The study was conducted by planting five Indonesian soybean varieties under the Sengon (Chinese albizia) tree, under a pine tree and next to the soursop tree. The data analysis used 2-factor experimental design with a confidence level of 95% and used a random model. From the results of the study it was found that there was no effect on the use of various types of Indonesian soybean varieties and the planting location toward the crop production. On the other hand, for the interaction of the use of various types of Indonesian soybeans and planting locations there was a slight influence on the crop production. Indonesian soybean production planted under Sengon trees is in an average of 2.4 kg/10mx 10m. The soybean planted under pine trees produced average of 2.5 kg/10mx 10m, while soybean planted next to soursop trees is in average of 2.3 kg/10mx 10m. Therefore, it can be concluded that plantation land does not affect the production of Indonesian Soybean. Each Indonesian soybean variety has its own production profile, as stated by its discoverer.
The role of innovation in the development of melinjo chips agro-industry in Aceh
Authors: Khairadini F , Sunarti T C , Anggraeni E
Published: June 2020

Melinjo chips are commonly eaten by Indonesian people as a condiment when having the main course. Aceh is one of the well-known areas for producing melinjo chips which yield up to 60 tonnes melinjo seeds in 2017. This paper aims at identifying the current condition of the production of melinjo chips enterprises, quality of products, and production problems faced by melinjo chips SME in Aceh. This paper also proposes recommendations for technology adoption by SMEs. This research took place in Pidie Regency, Aceh Province. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. Production process steps were selecting raw materials, frying, peeling, pounding, and drying. Problems faced by the SMEs are the inconsistency of finished product quality, non-standardized production process, low level of GMP implementation and lack of adoption of new technology. The recommendations are to change the production equipment, apply GMP guidelines for food production, use SNI for grading, and form a cluster.
Production planning of crude palm oil: a study case at X Co.
Authors: Marimin  , Zavira R
Published: June 2020

Increasing productivity of palm oil company could be done by solving problems in the company such as non-optimal production quantity, over range of production cost, stagnation of production activity, and unplanned of production condition. Those problems can be solved by managing production planning. The purpose of this research is to focus on production planning by determining the optimal production planning, determining the best production condition, and determining criticality of crude palm oil components process. Determination of optimal production planning using goal programming shows five goals formulation: minimize the production cost of crude palm oil (CPO) and fresh fruit bunch (FFB), minimize the deficiency of FFB, maximize production to fulfil demand capacity and maximize the number of FFB processed into CPO. The result of scenario simulation shows that by increasing the productivity of palm oil plantation (11-12%), increasing the yield of CPO (0.21-0.23%), decreasing the effect of maturity rate of FFB (2.5%), and fulfill the requirement of number of truck could decrease free fatty acids by 2.43% and increase number of production by 8408247 in January 2020. The result of the analysis of the assessment of critical components of the palm oil production process results in four classifications. The four classifications of equipment criticality rating (ECR) respectively, ECR 1 at station of boiler, thrasher, and digester, ECR 2 at station of sterilizer, ECR 3 at station of clarification and engine room, and ECR 4 at receiving station, fat pit, and water treatment.
Situational analysis and prospect of interest-free financing in tapioca agro-industry
Authors: Yulianto K , Sukardi  , Indrasti N S , Raharja S
Published: June 2020

Tapioca agro-industry is one sector that needs to be developed into a competitive industry as currently there are many users of its derivative products. However, its development deals with limited access to finance. The purpose of this study is to describe condition of tapioca agro-industry and its prospect of interest-free financing. This research is a review of previous studies discussing about the relevant topic. Review was undertaken through descriptive analysis on a number of related literature and was in accordance with availability of secondary data. Results of the study have provided information on condition of tapioca agro-industry and prospect of reinstating the interest-free financing through development of a partnership-financing model of tapioca agro-industry. This partnership model has some other advantages in addition to interest-free, such as collateral-free and profit-and-loss agreements that are mutually agreed among involved parties to minimize the gap between capital owners and business owners.
Value added of kenaf fibre in natural fibre agroindustry supply chain network
Authors: Nurhasanah N , Machfud  , Mangunwidjaja D , Romli M
Published: June 2020

I Indonesia is among countries that produce fibre, which potentially becomes a flagship product domestically and internationally. Domestic demand for dried kenaf fibre reaches 30,000 tonnes/year, resulting in a gap between production and consumption. This study aims to analyse supply chain condition of kenaf fibre agroindustry, as well as analysing value added gained from an upstream supply chain of kenaf fibre agroindustry. Descriptive analytics method was employed to analyse supply chain condition. Whereas, value added was analysed using a number of methods: input output analysis, Hayami, modified Hayami, Rucker plan, and Tololiu’s value added. This study has demonstrated value added of kenaf fibre in supply chain network. Input output analysis by Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) is the most appropriate method to determining the value added of kenaf fibre. It is IDR159,982,877 and IDR1,066,718,000 for woven fabric.
A sensitivity analysis of stochastic programming for reverse logistic of herbs agro-industry: a case study of herbs logistic in Indonesia
Authors: Rakhmasari A A , Djatna T , Suparno O , Rusli M S
Published: June 2020

This paper analyses the sensitivity of reverse logistic formulation of herbs agro- industry based on fuzzy stochastic mixed integer linear programming. A case study from real world problem of herbs logistic in Indonesia is provided in order to respond stochastic challenges in the reverse logistic system. For implementation purpose of this current progress, some related historical and hypothetical data were deployed. The model was then used to test how far this fuzzy quantitative modelling is capable to solve the problem within available data ranges with consideration on possibility in each data occurrence. A GRG non-linear was used as model solution to solve the fuzzy stochastic modelling with implementation using Excel solver. The fuzzy quantitative modelling result with a case study in herbs logistic in Indonesia is concluded with verification and validation on current model formulation for decision making purposes in herbs reverse logistic.
Application of six sigma method to minimize risk of rejection product: A case in cheese industry of company X
Authors: Machfud  , Atika N
Published: June 2020

The importance of quality and the intense competition in the industries encourage company to evaluate the risks in the production process so company can produce high quality and competitive product. This research aims to identify factors that cause defects in product, calculate the sigma level of the production process and arrange mitigation actions that can be done to minimize the risks in the food industry that has high level of defective products. This research used ix Sigma DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve, control) and FMEA-HOR (Failure Modes and Effect Analysis House of Risk) to analyse dominant risks and mitigation actions from expert’s perspective. The calculation results show that, sigma level in production process is 3.20. There are 5 risk agents in the production process that cause defect in product and 9 priority mitigation actions to minimize the risks. Example of priority actions such as invite online operators in the Daily Meeting System (DMS), conducting centre lining (marking position), and optimization of scheduling Preventive Maintenance (PM), make One Point Lesson (OPL), and standardization cleaning-inspection-lubrication (CIL).
Operational excellence implementation in wood industry (Case study: PT XYZ)
Authors: Maulana M R , Harjomidjojo H , Soetara A
Published: June 2020

Indonesia’s wood industry is projected to improve in 2019. However, some challenges are facing the wood processing industry such as increase of raw materials cost, production cost, labour wages, and additional expenditures. Customers also require shortened lead time, higher quality, and more diverse product. Strategy that can be developed to face those challenges is operational excellence. This research is aimed at measuring the implementation of operational excellence at PT XYZ based on XEM and formulating recommendations for continuous improvement. The result shows that the two lowest scores are for implementing basic problem solving and hourly report. In terms of the basic problem solving, the lowest attribute score is about implementing 5 whys, and for the hourly report the lowest attribute score is about monitoring. Based on those results, the recommendation for implementing basic problem solving is to revise the 5 whys becomes 3x5 whys and to provide training on increasing problem-solving skill. Recommendation for implementing hourly report is to revise the foreman weekly progress report by adding monitoring aspect and to provide training on increasing awareness about the importance of monitoring hourly report. Different scoring result has been found between managers and supervisors. Therefore, the communication between them must be improved.
Comparison of Performance and Total Energy Requirement for Several Harvesting Method of Indonesian Farmers
Authors: Putri R E , Santosa  , Cahyani G A , Fahmy K , Arlius F , Hasan A
Published: June 2020

Rice harvesting is carried out by farmers both conventinal and machinery. The evaluation of energy consumption in this study was conducted to determine the total energy uses during harvesting for three harvesting method (conventional, semi-machinery, and combine harvester). The result show, detail of harvesting energy requirement using combine harvester are 151.64 MJ/ha of engine energy, 1381.53 MJ/ha of fuel energy, and 18,95 MJ/ha of human energy. However, manual harvesting only human energy (104,4 MJ/ha). Harvesting with semi machinery (a sickle and power thresher) consist of engine energy (7.92 MJ/ha), fuel energgy (752.73 MJ/ha), human energy (95.81 MJ/ha). The highest energy requirement for harvesting method of Indonesian farmers is uding combine harvester, meanwhile combine harvester have highest capacity and efficiency.
The Product Quality Improvement: An Example from a Rice Milling in Indonesia
Authors: Astuti R , Thessalona I , Setiyawan D T
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the quality attributes of rice products which were important for the consumers and the level of consumer satisfaction with these attributes. Recommendations were then given to improve the quality of rice products based on consumer voices. The research was conducted at the Sri Margo Joyo (SMJ) rice milling that produces packaged rice with the King Banana brand. QFD was used in this study for product design, process planning, process design, and process control. Variables in this research were determined based on quality dimension. Respondents in this study were 60 King Banana rice consumers and 2 expert respondents. The results showed that King Banana rice products need to make improvements to the attributes of colour, texture, product damage level when received by the consumers, and variations in packaging weight. The priority of technical response to improve the quality attributes of rice products were the improvement of storage processes, proper maintenance of machinery and equipment, and scheduling of spraying and fumigation every 1 month. Process control that needs to be applied to the SMJ rice mill were monitoring the mixing of grade A and grade B grain, adding the process of ignition, monitoring temperature, humidity, and insecticide use in the rice storage room, monitoring the maintenance scheduling of rice processing machinery and equipment, and monitoring the vacuum packaging.
Diversity of Insect Pest in Monoculture and Polyculture Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Plantation in South Aceh District
Authors: Agustinur  , Lizmah S F , Sarong M
Published: June 2020

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of the most potential plantation commodities in Indonesia. Among the locations of nutmeg production is in South Aceh, and most of them are smallholder plantations. The highly fluctuation in nutmeg productivity has pushed some farmers to change their plantation type to polyculture, although the others still maintain the plantations in monoculture type. The difference of plantation type is estimated to affect toward the ecosystem composition, including the composition of insects potentially as a pest in nutmeg. This study aims to determine the diversity of insects that have the potential as pests in both types of nutmeg plantations. This research was conducted on nutmeg plantations in Samadua and Meukek Sub Districts, South Aceh District. Insect collection was carried out by using light trap, pit fall trap, and yellow pan trap. Identification of the insects order was carried out at the Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty Teuku Umar University. The results of the data analysis showed that both types of nutmeg plantations had moderate pest insect diversity levels, diversity index in monoculture plantation 1.39 and polyculture plantation 1.8, respectively, where no group of orders dominated. There are 5 orders of insects known to have potential as pest insects in monoculture plantations, while in polyculture plantations are 6 orders and 2 orders of insects as vectors of plant diseases.
Application of Microalgae and Agrobost Symbiotic Mutualism Technology in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Processing
Authors: Restuhadi F , Zalfiatri Y
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to get the selected treatment mutualism symbiosis between microalgae (Chlorella sp.) and agrobost, thus can decrease of pollution level of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) according to standard quality. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this addition was microalgae Chlorella sp. as much 800 ml/L (Abundance of cells 6.3 x 106 cell/ml) of POME with some variations concentrations of Agrobost (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and DNMRT at 5% level. The result showed that the addition of Agrobost had significant affect for COD, BOD, oil, pH and TSS. The treatment chosen from the result of this research was the P4 treatment showed the highest level of reduction which had COD 91.67%, BOD 95.93%, Oil 80.18%, TSS 71.69% and pH 12.08%.
Coconut Oil Production with Various Roasting Temperatures and Dried Grated Coconut as A By-Product
Authors: Kumalasari I D , Santosa I , Sulistiawati E
Published: June 2020

Coconut meat used as raw material for making coconut oil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of coconut oil and dried coconut meat with various age of coconut fruits as a by-product of pressing roasted coconut with various temperatures. Oil from coconut meats were obtained by heated to 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C, 110°C for 100 min then pressed and filtered. Dried coconut meat from pressed coconut meats that has been roasted with various temperatures then analyzed its physico-chemical properties and nutritional value. The results showed that the mature of coconut meat with roasting temperatures of 90 °C has white color of flour. Proximate testing shows that the roasting temperature of 90 °C has the highest carbohydrate (17.93%), mineral (3.53%) and fiber content (43.74%). While coconut meats roasted with 80 °C has higher levels of protein (29.03%) and fat (51.53%). Nutritional values such as water content, ash, protein, mineral and fat content showed that the best treatment is roasting with temperature 90 °C for 100 minutes. The conclusion of this study, the rate of optimum temperature for coconut oil extraction are 80 °C - 90 °C and the best nutritional value of dried coconut flour as by-products also at that temperature. Desiccated coconut potentially developed into wide range of high value products because has high nutritional value, especially dietary fiber and protein.
Making Skin Lotion From Virgin Coconut Oil With Adding Several Natural Plants Extract as a Skin Protector
Authors: Rini  , Anggraini T , Ritonga N B
Published: June 2020

Virgina Coconut Oil is containing saturated fatty acid compound such as lauric and oleic which can soften dry and rough skin. While the natural ingridients of black tea extract, secang wood and telang flower contain polyphenol compounds which have antioxidant activity, they also have attractive colors making them suitable as natural dyes for cosmetic ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine how to make skin lotion from VCO with the addition of natural coloring extracts, as well to determine the physical, chemical, microbiological and the level panelists preference for color, odor, adhesiveness and appearance. The result of this study indicate that the best formulation is foun in F3 with the addition of black tea extracts. VCO skin lotion with the addition of black tea with has a specific gravity value of 0,97, stability of 70,12%, dispertion of 7,3 cm, pH 6,3, free fatty acids 0,021%, antioxidant activity 83,26%, SPF 36,13 and total plate figures were not found. The panelists preference level for color 4.0, odor 4.3, appearance 4.5 and adhesiveness 4.5.
Study on the effects of harvesting time and storage conditions of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze Tuber in an Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Binh H T , Dao V T T
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to determine the harvest time and weight of Tacca tubers (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) for flour production. It also assessed changes in quality according to pretreatment methods as well as storage conditions over an 8 week period. Results showed that Tacca tubers harvested after 6 months of planting will have a high dry matter content and flour recovery efficiency, especially at month 7th but remains unchanged afterwards. In addition, tubers weighing over 150g will give better flour recovery efficiency. Washing before storage also affects the quality of tubers more than preservation mode. During storage, tuber weight decreases with amount of dry matter increases. Particularly, the amount of sugar, total Saponins and total Polyphenols decreases but Starch content tends to increase slightly after 6 weeks of reduction. Despite the change in color, surface condition and structure, the Tacca tuber retains good sensory properties during storage.
Encapsulation of Cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamon Essential Oils in Cyclodextrin
Authors: Chimvaree C , Tepsorn R , Supapvanich S , Wongs-Aree C , Srilaong V , Boonyaritthongchai P
Published: June 2020

Cinnamaldehyde is the major compound in cinnamon essential oil which has effective inhibiting the microbial growth and revealed low physicochemical stability, low solubility in water. The aim of this study was the encapsulation of cinnamaldehyde in β-cyclodextrin in order to obtain a complex which can be used for preserving fresh-cut produce. The encapsulated complex cinnamaldehyde/ β-cyclodextrin was prepared using the inclusion complex method. The various ratios of cinnamaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin on cinnamaldehyde releasing efficiency was investigated. The various ratios of cinnamaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin as 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 25:75 were monitored. Encapsulation efficiency (%EE) and encapsulation capacity (%EC) of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde powder were analyzed. The results showed that the ratio at 25:70 cinnamaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin showed the highest %EC and %EE when compared with other treatments. The ratio at 25:75 had faster control release in first 3 h. Antimicrobial activity was tested against two strains of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two strains of gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. β-cyclodextrin with encapsulated cinnamaldehyde exhibited good inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains.
Impacts of Paraffin Wax and Propolis on Controlling Crown Rot Disease and Maintaining Postharvest Quality of Banana
Authors: Sripong K , Srinon T , Ketkaew K , Uthairatakij A , Jitareerat P
Published: June 2020

Crown rot disease is a major cause of losses during transportation, storage, and marketing of banana. In this study, the effects of paraffin wax, propolis extract and their combination on controlling crown rot disease and maintaining the quality of banana cv. Hom Thong were investigated. Crown of banana fruit were coated with 50% propolis, 100% paraffin wax and 100% paraffin wax combined with 50% propolis. Banana crown treated with 250 ppm prochloraz and non-coated fruit were used as the controls. All treatments were packed in corrugated box, stored at 13°C for 21 days (simulation for the transportation and storage) and then moved to ambient temperature for 6 days (simulation for the retail market). Results found that coating with paraffin wax combined with propolis showed the efficacy on controlling crown rot disease as same as using 250 ppm prochloraz. While coating with paraffin wax or propolis alone showed the incidence and severity of disease similar to non-coated fruit. Beside, coating with paraffin wax alone or combined treatment of paraffin wax and propolis could maintain some plant resistant mechanisms such as the content of total phenolic and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in the crown of banana. For the quality of banana showed that coating with paraffin wax alone or the combination of paraffin wax and propolis were able to reduce weight loss, maintain firmness and color change of banana crown, and it did not affect to color change of peel and firmness of banana fruit.
Geoelectrical Investigation the Depth of Groundwater Potential for Irrigation of Paddy Fields
Authors: Yanti N R , Arlius F , Rusnam  , Berd I , Ekaputra E G , Setyoningrum S A
Published: June 2020

Groundwater is an opportunity for the irrigation of Paddy fields. A paddy field that is planted only one crop during the rainy season is an obstacle to the lack of rice production in the city of Padang. Meeting the need for rice consumption was sent from various western Sumatra areas. If this happens, again and again, it would threaten food security. This research to determine the depth of groundwater table potential has been carried out in Koto Tangah, Padang city. This study using the geoelectric resistivity method with Schlumberger Configuration and data processing using software IP2WIN. The resistivities value of these zones varies from 1.8 Ωm to 1761 Ωm. Layers found to the depth 20 m are a sub-surface layer, clay, sandy clay, and gravel. Layers of clay identified as Groundwater because it’s small so it can withstand water. Based on the results of comparative research data measurement of the estimation of the depth of the ground water level with a geoelectric tool and the depth of the ground water with a piezometer device obtained close relationship. So, from these results a linear regression equation can be made with the form of the equation Ý = 0.793X + 0.838X + 0.3636 and has an R2 of 0.8765.
Characteristic of Analogue Jerky Made from Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleivera L) with the addition of Tapioca Flour
Authors: Sayuti K , Yenrina R , Febri Y
Published: June 2020

Moringa leaves are known as miracle leaves because it contains substances that are useful as nutrients and beneficial to health, which have not been optimally utilized. This study aimed to determine the effect of tapioca flour addition on the characteristics of analogue jerky of Moringa leaves. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments, that was the addition of tapioca flour (A; 45 g, B; 50 g, C; 55 g, D; 60 g, and E; 65 g) with 3 replications. It was conducted in two stages. The first step is to determine the products that are well received by using sensory evaluations (score ≥ 3.60) The second was to analyse chemical characteristic of the products. Data from chemical observations were statistically analysed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMNRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the addition of tapioca flour produced analogue jerky with a value of > 3.6 for colour, texture and taste, were the B, C and D treatment. From the statistically analysis showed there were significant differences of moisture content, fat content, protein content, calcium levels and crude fibre content between treatments B, C and D of analogue jerky, but there was no significant difference on the ash content of analogue jerky. B Product is the best product with a moisture content of 3.11 ± 0.19%, ash content of 0.94 ± 0.00%, fat content of 0.18 ± 0.02%, protein content of 8, 24 ± 0.01%, calcium levels 203.43 ± 0.03%, crude fibre content 0.42 ± 0.01%. No free fatty acids and number of peroxides were detected in the analogue jerky.
Removal of Chromium (VI) and Chromium (III) by using Chlorella sp Immobilized at Electroplating Wastewater
Authors: Elystia S , Edward H S , Putri A E
Published: June 2020

Heavy metals which is mostly contained in electroplating wastewater is Cr, in the form of Cr (VI) and Cr (III). Cr (III) is relatively unstable but tends to be dangerous, Cr (VI) is very stable and has a high level of toxicity which is dangerous for the environment. This study aims to determine the ability of microalgae Chorella sp immobilized with calcium alginate in removing metals Cr (VI) and Cr (III) in electroplating wastewater with variations cell density in beads 0; 1.53×108; 1.76×107 and 1.54×106 cells / bead, pH 3, 5, 7, and 9 with contact time 0; 12; 24; 36 and 48 hours. Allowance carried out by microalgae Chlorella sp immobilized in reducing Cr (VI) and Cr (III) metals in electroplating wastewater with initial concentrations of Cr (VI) 24.78 mg/l and Cr (III) 0.91 mg/l with highest efficiency value of 50.28% at pH 3, cell density 1.54×106 cells/bead within 48 hours
Investigation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Embedded with Artocarpus Odorattisimus Mechanical Behaviour as an Alternative Replacement for Raw Material in Wood Industry
Authors: Jundam M. F. , Mohd Shah M. K. , Abdul Karim M. H. , Madato L.
Published: June 2020

This paper presented the investigation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) reinforced with Artocarpus Odorattisimus (Mahang/Tarap) board in which fabricated manually using hand lay method and hot pressed in order to determine a suitable alternative fiber board as a replacement for the usage of woods as raw materials in various types of industry. The idea of conducting this research came due to the worldwide community attention on major deforestation which may lead to natural disaster throughout the world. The effects of adding Artocarpus Odorattisimus (Mahang/Tarap) to the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) on certain dry weight ratios are being studied and the main objective of this research is to determine certain mechanical properties of the board especially tensile strength to be compared to the pure oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) board (4.712 Nmm-2)[22]. The experimental process is carried out in accordance to test standard of ASTM D3039/3039m-17. Morphological structure study by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) also conducted on the tested samples to further understand the board properties.Practically, aluminium swarf (chips) collected from an automotive production line is less likely to have any contaminants once the lubricants are removed. In theory, metals do not degrade in value and can be used infinitely.
Friction and Wear Study of Fe-Cu-C-CaF2 Self-lubricating Composite at High Speed and High Temperature
Authors: Mohan Sanjay , Anand Ankush , Arvind Singh R. , Jayalakshmi S. , Chen Xizhang , Konovalov S.
Published: June 2020

A novel Fe-Cu-C based self-lubricating composite is developed, wherein Calcium fluoride (CaF2) has been used as a solid lubricant. CaF2 is added in varying weight percentages of 3, 6, 9 and 12% to the base matrix comprising of Iron, Copper and Graphite (Fe-2Cu-0.8C). The composites were fabricated through Powder Metallurgy using uni-axial compaction and sintering. The developed composites were tested for friction and wear characteristics using a pin-on-disc configuration, conducted at a speed and load of 10 m/s and 20 N respectively. All tests were conducted at high temperature of 500°C for a constant sliding distance of 4000 m. Results show low coefficient of friction for the composites with 3-9 wt% CaF2 making them self-lubricating. Due to testing at high temperature, weight gain was observed in all the composites because of oxidation. The increase in weight gain was observed to be dependent on the CaF2 content. Adhesion, ploughing and delamination were identified to be the prominent wear mechanisms of the developed self-lubricating composites as revealed by SEM analysis.
Modification of a Square Cylinder Wake through a Secondary Upstream Cylinder
Authors: Hamid A.H.A. , Jali M.S.M , Azmi A.M. , Noh M.H.M.
Published: June 2020

One of the inherent characteristics of a bluff body is the large drag coefficient even at a relatively low velocity. The condition is made worse when the flow separates from the body, and a time-dependent flow occurs downstream of the body; i.e. a vortex shedding phenomenon. It has been shown that suppression of the vortex shedding can significantly reduce drag coefficient of the bluff body. The present study investigates the intensity of the resulting laminar wake of a single and two square cylinders in tandem arrangement, where the intensity was measured through the lift force signals. The findings indicated that the presence of the secondary cylinder significantly altered the magnitude of lift force of the cylinder system, particularly at high Reynolds numbers under the laminar flow regime. Furthermore, the magnitude of lift force was lower when the secondary cylinder was separated from the main cylinder as compared to the case where both cylinders were attached.
Improvement of Insulation Material for Cool Box Application
Authors: Khairulmaini M. , Michael Z. , Shah M. A. M. , Zakaria M. S. , Abdullah B. , Rashid A. A.
Published: June 2020

Current conventional cool boxes which use expanded polystyrene (EPS) as its insulating material cannot seem to maintain storage at low temperature for long periods. This study aims to determine the effect for different types of insulating materials which can be used in cool boxes to improve its thermal insulation. Using theoretical and simulation approach, three out of six potential insulating materials were chosen in terms of their heat transfer rate, and temperature at the outer wall. The three best insulating materials, polyurethane (PU), expanded polystyrene (EPS) and poly-glass fibre (PGF) were then tested at three different room temperatures experimentally using the thermal insulation test to determine the best insulating material for a cool box. Tensile and density were also conducted to identify the mechanical behaviour and properties of these insulating materials. From the results obtained from the experiment, polyurethane (PU) recorded the longest time taken for ice to change into water at the three different temperatures when compared to other insulating materials. The results showed that when thermal conductivity is low, the heat transferred through the walls of the cool box was also low thus resulting in better thermal insulation of the cool box. This study gives a better understanding in term of thermal insulation and the results obtained from this study can help with the production of better cool boxes with improved thermal insulation.