bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Antibody Response of Rabbits to a Single Injection of Type I Pneumococci
Authors: MacLeod Colin M. , Heidelberger Michael , Robinson Betty , DiLapi Marie M. , Walter Annabel W. , Sutliff Wheelan D.
Published: December 2022

The sera of rabbits subjected to a single antigenic stimulus with Type I pneumococci were analyzed for antibodies to the commonly recognized pneumococcal antigens. The data are tabulated and are found comparable to similar analyses of sera of human patients recovered from pneumococcal infections and of human subjects injected with small quantities of pneumococci or type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharides.
A Capillary Tube Agglutination Test for Detecting Antibodies against Ornithosis in Turkey Serum
Authors: Mason Donald M.
Published: December 2022

Summary and Conclusions

A capillary tube agglutination test using a Giemsa-stained, buffered suspension of elementary bodies prepared from a toxigenic turkey strain of ornithosis virus propagated in the allantoic cavity of chicken embryos was compared with the indirect complement fixation test, and the results were promising. The CTA test seemed to be more sensitive in the first week or two after infection, and thereafter the two tests seemed equally sensitive. Both were a little more sensitive than the direct complement fixation test when the test material was turkey serum. In the CTA test false positive reactions were encountered, usually in low serum dilutions, but occasionally in dilutions as high as 1:32, when the serum was hemolyzed, contaminated or contained residual fibrin. Reactions at dilutions of 1:16 or higher constituted good presumptive evidence of infection or of some previous encounter with ornithosis agents; reactions at dilutions of less than 1:16 were less specific and were interpreted cautiously. Preliminary testing of serum from infected parrots and pigeons indicated that the CTA test can detect ornithosis antibodies in these species.

The CTA test is economical and simple to perform. According to the results of these tests it could be a useful flock test, of value in epizootiologic surveys, and a rapid screening test of flocks before marketing in enzootic or epizootic areas. Flocks undergoing acute or subacute epizootics of ornithosis, the most dangerous from the standpoint of public health, could be detected easily.
Studies on the Second Component of Complement
Authors: Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert J. , Cook Charles T.
Published: December 2022

A rapid and simple procedure for separation of the second component (C'2) of guinea pig complement is described. The product is highly stable and appears to be free of the other components of the complement system.
The Heterogeneity of Combining Sites of Antibodies as Determined by Specific Immunoadsorbents
Authors: Kitagawa Masayasu , Yagi Yasuo , Pressman David
Published: December 2022

The antigen-combining sites of rabbit anti-p-azobenzoate antibody were shown to be heterogenous by adsorption of antibody on a specific immunoadsorbent and by elution of the adsorbed antibody with haptens. A microanalytical method was developed for testing such heterogeneity with a few milligrams of antiserum globulin. The analyses could be performed rapidly and gave a very reproducible elution pattern. The method depended on the use of radioiodine labels. Two antibody preparations can be compared under precisely identical conditions by labeling one with I131, the other with I125 and passing the mixture through the fractionation procedures.
Immunochemical Study on Rat Urinary Proteins: Their Relation to Serum and Kidney Proteins (Chromatographic Separation of the Major Urinary Protein)
Authors: Dinh Bao-Linh , Tremblay Armand , Dufour Didier
Published: December 2022

After agar electrophoresis, only two protein bands migrating in the albumin and α2-globulin zones have been revealed in rat urine.

However, by immunoelectrophoretic analysis, the presence of at least 10 proteins has been demonstrated in rat urine. Half of them derived from the serum; the other proteins, the specific urinary proteins, probably originated from the urinary tract. Their relative electrophoretic mobilities compared to rat serum albumin mobility were as follows: 1.16, 1.09, 1.02, 0.68 and 0.64. The last, which was also the strongest antigen, has been designated by us the rat major urinary protein. Double diffusion in agar gel has demonstrated its antigenic identity with renal constituent.

The major urinary protein isolated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose had the following analysis: nitrogen, 10.3%; hexose, 2.2%. Its diffusion coefficient determined by double diffusion in gel was equal to 7.2 × 10-7 cm2 sec-1. The isoelectric point was at pH 2.1 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer.

The origin of specific urinary proteins and their possible physiopathologic role in nephrotic syndromes have been discussed. The presence of a species-specific major protein in the urine of mammals has also been suggested.
Socket Preservation Using Autogenous Bone Graft and Dentin Autograft after Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular third Molar – A Split-Mouth Study Design
Authors: Gupta Priyanka Sinder , Punde Prashant Ashok , Nilesh Kumar , Patil Pankaj Bajirao , Chouradiya Shrenik , Mahalle Riddhi Hemant
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

In our study, we have compared the efficacy of dentin bone graft for purpose of ridge preservation and have compared it with autogenous bone graft (ABG). A total of 15 patients were included in this study requiring extraction of bilaterally impacted third molar. On the one side, the socket was filled with processed dentin graft prepared after extraction of the third molar, and on the other side, the socket was filled with ABG harvested from external oblique ridge. The two were compared on the basis of various soft tissue and hard tissue parameters.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the dentin autograft with ABG for preservation of socket defect after removal of mandibular third molars clinically and radiographically.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 15 patients were included undergoing extraction for bilaterally impacted third molar. The socket on one side after extraction was filled with processed dentin from the same extracted tooth, and the other side of the socket was filled with ABG harvested from the external oblique ridge.

Results:

It was seen that dentin graft had the regenerative properties and showed potential for ridge preservation.

Conclusions:

Ridge preservation is essential for placement of implant and other prostheses. Preservation of ridge immediately after extraction bypasses the need for extensive ridge augmentation procedure. Hence, dentin graft can be used for this purpose as it has potential for bone regeneration.
Evaluation of In situ Adaptability of Two Types of Fissure Sealants Placed with or Without Enameloplasty
Authors: Khan Tabinda Nawaz , Khan Farhan Raza
Published: December 2022

Context:

Literature has no consensus over the utility of enameloplasty before fissure sealant placement.

Aim:

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of enameloplasty using a scanned electron microscope on the adaptability of resin-modified glass ionomer versus flowable resin-based sealants.

Settings and Design:

An in
vitro, experimental study was done from July to November 2017 at the NED University and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods:

An in vitro experimental study was done, for which twenty extracted human molars and premolars were selected. They were divided into two groups on the basis of sealant type (resin-modified glass ionomer versus flowable resin-based sealant). The groups were further subdivided on the basis whether these were subjected to enameloplasty or not. All specimens were thermocycled, sectioned, dried, and gold sputtered before inspection under a scanning electron microscope (×50).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The adaptability of the sealant material in the tooth fissures was assessed on an ordinal scale. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Mann–Whitney U-test and ordinal regression were applied at 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between adaptability scores achieved with resin-modified glass ionomer-based sealant and flowable resin-based sealant (P = 0.96). Moreover, enameloplasty resulted in inferior adaptability of the two sealant materials (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

Enameloplasty has shown to exert a negative influence over adaptation of the sealant material into the tooth fissure irrespective of the sealant chemistry.
Pediatric Renal Transplantation in Southern Saudi Arabia
Authors: El Hennawy Hany M. , Al Hashemy Ahmed , Al Faifi Abdullah S. , Safar Omar , Obeid Mahmoud Ali , Gomaa Mohamed A. , Alkhalaqi Ayed , Babiker Mashair , Abdelaziz Abdelaziz A. , Al Humaid Rawa M. , Zaitoun Mohammad F. , AlAlsheikh Khalid A
Published: December 2022

Background:

The outcome of pediatric renal transplantation (RT) has improved over the last decades. Aims and Objectives: To study the outcome of pediatric transplantation at our center including patient and graft survival, acute rejection, and surgical complications.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of pediatric RT outcomes at the only transplant center in Southern Saudi Arabia.

Results:

between 11/2013 till 03/2020, 63 RT were performed in pediatric recipients 2 through 18 years of age (mean 11.7 ± 3.75) including 43 patients (68.2%) aged 14 and younger. Average BMI-height-age-z were 66.05 ± 6.65 percentile. 49 patients (77.7%) received kidneys from adult living donors (LD), 8(16%) were unrelated donors.41% had preemptive KT. The commonest known etiologies of ESRD were focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Post Urethral valve, and dysplastic kidney (9.5% each). Thymoglobulin and Basiliximab were used as induction therapy in 37 (58.7%) and 26 (41.3%) patients respectively. With a mean follow-up of 80 months, 1-year and 5-year graft survival rates for LD and deceased donors were (97.2%, 86.4%) and (96.4%, 76%) respectively. 1-year and 5-year patients survival rates were 100%.

Conclusions:

pediatric renal transplantation outcome at our center, despite the low volume of cases, is encouraging.
Positive Single-Antigen Bead Assay with Negative Flow Crossmatch in a Renal Transplant - A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Vikash Chandra , Chandra Dinesh , Anthwal Archana , Bhardwaj Amit Kr , Raina Vimarsh
Published: December 2022

The occasion is when there is discordance between the results of the cell-based and virtual crossmatch and requires further workup before considering a patient for renal transplant. A case of the positive single-antigen bead (SAB) with donor-specific antibodies (DSA) against HLA-A*33:01 with negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch and flow crossmatch was identified. The acid treatments of the beads were done to denature the antigen to understand the nature of identified DSA. There was variation in the Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) observed in between patient sera with acid-treated beads (significantly increased) in contrast to regularly untreated SAB. This indicated additional antigens become available by the denaturation process. Hence, before making a final decision about the transplant in cases of ambiguity, SAB results should be interpreted in light of other compatibility results.
Laparoscopic versus Open Donor Nephrectomy
Authors: Sadasukhi Nripesh , Patel Ketul , Sadasukhi T. Chand , Gupta Manish , Gupta H. L. , Sharma Ashish , Malik Sandeep
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to report the difference in loss of length of the renal artery and vein between an open and laparoscopic renal donor nephrectomy.

Methodology:

We take 50 open and 50 laparoscopic renal donors for comparison of loss of length of the renal artery and vein. This is a single-blinded study. All patients considered for left donor nephrectomy with a single renal artery and vein are included in the study. Patients considered for right donor nephrectomy, abnormal renal artery and vein anatomy, atherosclerotic renal artery or vein are excluded from the study.

Results:

In our study, we take 50 open renal donor nephrectomies and 50 laparoscopic renal donor nephrectomies from a total of 115 renal donor nephrectomies from December 2020 to April 2021. For removing bias, we take only the left side nephrectomy which has a single artery and vein. We used study randomizer software which uses cluster randomization which decides case should be operated on either open or laparoscopy.

Conclusions:

In our study, the difference between preoperative and intraoperative artery length for open donor nephrectomy (ODN) was 0.3 cm, and vein length was 2.3 cm and the difference between preoperative and intraoperative artery length for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) was 0.5 cm, and vein length was 2.5 cm. The difference between renal artery length in open versus LDN is 0.2 cm, and the difference between renal vein length in ODN versus LDN is 0.2 cm, which is statistically insignificant.
Clinicopathological Correlation of Transplant Nephrectomies in Elusive Graft Dysfunction - An Observational Study
Authors: Anupama Sneha Haridas , Pradeep Immanuel , Mathews Sharon , Abraham Georgi , Parthasarathy Rajeevalochana , Mathew Milly , Sundaraja Saravana , Kurien Abraham , Palaniappan Nagarajan
Published: December 2022

Aim:

The objective of this study is to review the pathology and outcome of kidney allograft nephrectomies performed in a single renal transplant center in South India. In our regional center, a total of 721 renal transplants were done between January 2001 and March 2020, of which 18 underwent transplant nephrectomy (TN).

Materials and Methods:

Clinical data concerning patient characteristics, duration of allograft functions, indications, complications, and subsequent follow-up details were assessed. The median age of patients at the time of transplantation who underwent TN was 35 years. Among the 18 allografts, 16 were from live-related donors and a deceased donor after circulatory/brain death in two patients. Associated comorbidities found at the time of transplantation mainly consist of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. A standard triple immunosuppressive regimen along with mTOR inhibitors was followed in all patients. The morphology of the allograft nephrectomy was studied in elusive graft dysfunction.

Results:

In our study, while the infection was found to be the leading cause of renal allograft failure clinically, on pathological examination of TN specimens, rejection (44.44%) contributed to failure the most. Early graft failure (55.56%) was related to hyperacute rejection or vascular complications. Late graft failure (44.44%) was associated with infection and rejection. No significant mortality was observed in our study.

Conclusion:

Clinicopathological correlation to arrive at a diagnosis for graft failure contributes to more effective postnephrectomy care of the patient since often the underlying pathology is masked by other incidental occurrences. It also aids in gauging the patient's chances of undergoing further transplant and graft survival.
Coronavirus Infection in Immediate Postrenal Transplant Period - A Case Report
Authors: Nerli R. B. , Gupta Pulkit , Adhikari Priyabrata , Dixit Neeraj S. , Ghagane Shridhar C. , Pathan Parveen
Published: December 2022

The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2]) has spread out to most of the world with the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying it as a global pandemic. There exists very little information on the infectious course of COVID-19 in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant recipients. We report a case of a young adult who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the immediate postoperative period following renal transplantation.
Radiofrequency Ablation in Chronic Pain Syndromes
Authors: Das Gautam , Surange Pankaj , Agarwal Anurag , Kothari Kailash , Dey Samarjit , Natarajan Karthic Babu , Mehta Palak , Sharma Gaurav , Siddhaye Uttam , Jain Neeraj , Mohan V. K.
Published: December 2022

Chronic pain is a frequent, intricate, and adverse condition that has a considerable influence on individuals and society at large. In India, its prevalence is around 20%. Although a spectrum of conservative treatment modalities is available, a significant proportion of patients with chronic pain syndromes remain refractory and require surgical intervention. In these groups of patients, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) techniques are safe minimally invasive treatments and provide significant and durable pain relief. Thus, we aimed to formulate the Indian Society for the Study of Pain (ISSP) guidelines for the management of chronic pain syndromes with various RFA techniques. An in-depth literature review by experts in Pain Medicine practising in India, was used to produce 16 statements across 4 common chronic pain syndromes, including knee pain, headache and facial pain, lumbar facet joint pain, and sacroiliac joint pain. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Third US Preventive Service Task Force guidance document and the strength of the recommendation was determined by the Delphi consensus process. The level of evidence for most of the statements was I. Moreover, for most statements, the level of agreement between the experts was good (≥80% of the experts). The ISSP guidelines for the management of chronic pain syndromes are developed by experts in pain medicine. For most of the statements, the highest level of evidence was available and inter-expert agreement was good. However, further high-quality research is required to formulate more inclusive guidelines in this evolving pain medicine speciality.
Application and Prospect of Postmortem Imaging Technology in Forensic Cardiac Pathology
Authors: Liu Ningguo , Yang Mingzhen , Tian Zhling , Dong Hewen , Lu Yang , Zou Donghua , Wang Yanbin
Published: December 2022

Postmortem imaging (PMI) technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice. Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation, acute hemorrhage, pulmonary parenchyma disease, calcification (calculus, atherosclerosis), and gas accumulation. Postmortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification. Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice. With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR, it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death, including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium. This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology, including advantages, limitations, and development prospects.
Technical Note
Authors: Goyal Mohit , Tandon Asheesh , Agrawal Alok
Published: December 2022

Background:

Conventional midline dorsal approach to spine leads to excessive muscle retraction and hence muscular injury, denervation, atrophy, or ischemic necrosis. Wiltse paraspinal approach prevents these complications. We present a modified Wiltse approach using minimally invasive surgery techniques for fixation of lumbar spinal instability patients.

Methods:

Here, we provide a step wise description of the modified Wiltse approach. We then put together, a step wise analysis of the preparation, patient positioning, skin incision, fascial opening, dissection, bone identification, retractors, deprioritization, decompression, discectomy, instrumentation, arthrodesis, and closure for the Wiltse technique.

Conclusion:

The classical approach described by Wiltse is essentially minimally invasive, sparing both the muscle planes and soft tissues. Adding a modification with tubular retractor system gives an additional advantage of muscle-sparing discectomy and fusion with a very low complication rate.
Awake Spinal Fusion - Endoscopic Facet Sparing Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion under Caudal Epidural
Authors: Ahluwalia Rahul
Published: December 2022

Background:

Trans-Kambin fusion offers the advantage of providing reduced morbidity and awake surgery allowing for patient's own neuromonitoring during the procedure, along with reduced hospital stay, early mobilization, reduced blood loss, and reduced operative time, while maintaining the standard of fusion that can be achieved with open/MISS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

Objective:

Spinal fusions done under GA have restrictions when it comes to patients with OSA/COPD/Cardiac dysfunction, etc. Awake Endoscopic Spinal fusion surgeries can provide a novel solution to such patients.

Material and Methods:

EKLIF was performed in total of 19 patients with 17 single-level and 02 patients with multilevel lumbar discopathy and/or degenerative spondylolisthesis resulting in axial back pain and claudication, pseudoradicular, or radicular symptoms. Endoscopic discectomy and interbody cage insertion were performed through a 1 cm lateral incision used for transforaminal access, followed by percutaneous pedicle screw-rod fixation. Clinical outcome was assessed by early postoperative pain scores (visual analog score [VAS]). Fusion rates were assessed by X-rays at 6 months. Clinical outcome, time in the operating room, intraoperative blood loss, VAS at preoperative, immediate postoperative, and after 6 months were determined.

Results:

Excellent and good clinical results were obtained in 16 (84%) out of 19 patients at 6 months. The mean time spent in the operating room 71 min and no patient required a blood transfusion. The mean hospital stay was 2.8 days, with one patient having a prolonged stay of 8 days due to an intraoperative dural tear that was managed conservatively. There was no morbidity related to instrumentation. Postoperative stay was reduced with all patients mobilized on the next day of surgery. Fusion was visible in all patients on follow-up imaging at 6 months. The mean VAS of the study group before surgery was 6.63 with a significant change to 2.94 in the immediate postoperative period. At 6-month follow-up, the mean VAS was 1.3.

Conclusions:

EKLIF allows for safe and efficient minimally invasive treatment of single and multilevel degenerative lumbar instability with good clinical results. Further prospective studies investigating long-term functional results are required to assess the definitive merits of trans-Kambin fusion of the lumbar spine.
Interlaminar Full-Endoscopic Discectomy for L5-S1 Disc Herniations
Authors: Srikantha Umesh , Lokanath Yadhu K , Hari Akshay , Deepak BS
Published: December 2022

Background:

Interlaminar full endoscopic discectomy has been the least invasive and preferred route to treat disc herniations at L5-S1 and are being increasingly accepted and adopted in many centres. Compared to transforaminal approach, it offers the advantage of a familiar posterior approach with presumably easier transition for surgeons who have been doing another form of minimally invasive spine surgery.

Objective:

The article describes the surgical steps and early outcomes along the initial learning curve of Interlaminar Endoscopic discectomy for herniated disc at L5-S1 level.

Material and Methods:

This retrospective study included the first 20 patients who underwent Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (IELD) at our center. Patients with unilateral symptoms, failed conservative treatment, and good interlaminar window were selected for IELD. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score s and McNab criteria were used to assess the outcome. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done in the majority of patients to assess and correlate the adequacy of root decompression and extent of discectomy.

Results:

The mean age of the 20 patients was 41 years (17 to 60 yr) with a male: female ratio of 3:2. The median surgical time was 80 min (40 to 150 min). The mean VAS scores for leg pain reduced from 8.2 preoperatively to 2.1 in the postoperative period. All patients had a minimum follow-up for 6 months. Postoperative MRI was done in 14 patients, which showed complete fragment removal with the good decompression of the nerve root in 12 patients. There was no early recurrence of radicular symptoms in any patient. According to Modified McNab criteria, 8 patients had excellent outcome, 9 patients had good outcome, and 3 patients did fairly well.

Conclusion:

IELD offers an excellent alternative to tubular surgeries for treating disc pathologies at L5-S1. This series represents the early reports from the first 20 cases at the author's center who have been performing tubular surgeries for more than a decade. With the learning curve been overcome, the technique could be used in a wider array of lumbar spine pathologies henceforth.
Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Sura Sukumar , Mahesha K. , Chamle Gaurav , Mallepally Abhinandan Reddy , Allamwar Ajaykumar , Pagidimarry Naresh Kumar
Published: December 2022

With recent advanced tools in hands, spine surgery is leaping towards the whole new era, conventional open spine surgeries are being replaced by the minimally invasive endoscopic spine procedures. With evolution of endoscopy, long list of objectives is possible to achieve like minimize the trauma of surgery and the reductions of surgical blood loss, hospital stay, and complication rates. Traditional open lumbar fusion surgery and in last decade minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) have become the standard treatment for the lumbar spine disorders. However, MIS-TLIF techniques still require an access through musculature for tube placement with considerable trauma to the musculature and bone resection. Thus, MIS-TLIF represents an incremental but not revolutionary advancement over the existing open surgical methods. With endoscopy-assisted transforaminal/transkambian Interbody fusion with MIS spine fixation provides a better and minimally invasive way of TLIF. In this article, we will discuss the technique of Endo TLIF, pearls, and pitfalls.
Analysis of high risk factors for chronic atrophic gastritis
Authors: Lin Xian-Ke , Wang Wei-Lin
Published: December 2022

Background:

Screening for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is crucial for the prevention and early detection of gastric cancer. Endoscopy is the main method of CAG diagnosis, with high training requirements and limited accuracy, making it difficult to popularize. The study attempts to improve the positive rate and accuracy of CAG screening through non-invasive testing.

Methods:

A total of 2564 patients who underwent gastroscopy were included in this study. The results of gastroscopic evaluation, histological biopsy results (including H. pylori biopsy), urea breath test (UBT) results, serum pepsinogen, and testosterone were statistically analyzed.

Results:

We found significant differences in the diagnosis of CAG between endoscopy and histological biopsy. Pepsinogen II and pepsinogen I/II ratio were more useful for the diagnosis of CAG compared with pepsinogen I. The risk of CAG was increased when pepsinogen II exceeded 11.05 mg/L, and the pepsinogen I/II ratio was less than 3.75. CAG positivity was higher in patients with positive H. pylori infection on UBT screening. In addition, higher levels of testosterone, SHBG and HSD17B2, and lower level of GNRH1 were found in CAG mucosa. Patients with high serum testosterone had a higher risk of CAG.

Conclusion:

CAG screening should be combined with endoscopic evaluation, biopsy, and other non-invasive tests. Non-invasive tests include the combination of serum pepsinogen II protein and pepsinogen I/II ratio and high level of serum testosterone. UBT combined with serum pepsinogen testing may improve the positive rate of CAG and reduce gastric mucosal damage from multiple biopsies.
Effects of Combination Therapy in Reduction of Tinnitus Functional Index Score for Tinnitus Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Kamarudin Nur Asyiqin , Ishak Wan Syaira , Nazri Mohd Arif , Tamil Azmi Mohd , Abdullah Asma
Published: December 2022

Background:

This trial aimed to study the effect of combination therapy and compare it with tinnitus counseling alone in the reduction of tinnitus functional index (TFI) score.

Materials and Methods:

This work is a two-arm pilot-controlled trial where Muslims aged more than 18 years and with primary chronic bothersome tinnitus and a TFI score of more than 24 were recruited. The exclusion criteria were subjects with pulsatile or objective tinnitus or those with poor cognitive functions and Meniere's disease. They were randomized into two groups by using block randomization. The first treatment group received a combination of Al Quran sound therapy and tinnitus counseling, and the second treatment group received tinnitus counseling only. The results of the TFI score before intervention and 1-month postintervention were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 25 patients were recruited and randomized. Among them, 10 received combination therapy and 15 received counseling treatment. Overall, 68% of the patients (17/25) had reduced global TFI scores. The mean decline in total TFI score in the combination group was higher (12.4, standard deviation [SD]: 18.5) than that in the counseling group (4.9, SD: 18.8). Clinically relevant improvement was also higher in the combination group (40%) than in the counseling group (26.7%). Both comparisons were not statistically significant. Among the TFI subscales, the mean scores of intrusiveness, sense of control, and emotion decreased significantly after the intervention within the combination group, with values of P = 0.036, 0.026, and 0.036, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study was unable to determine if combination therapy is better than counseling due to the small sample size. However, combination therapy improved the emotion, sense of control, and degree of intrusiveness of tinnitus.
Subcutaneous Emphysema Around the Cochlear Implant
Authors: Aljazeeri Isra , Almuhawas Fida , Hagr Abdulrahman
Published: December 2022

Subcutaneous emphysema is usually induced by trauma, infection with gas-forming organisms, or surgical interventions. Few cases have been reported with subcutaneous emphysema after cochlear implantation. Here, we present two cases of subcutaneous emphysema with two distinct etiologies. One case presented with recurrent, bilateral, self-limiting, and mild swelling around the internal receiver stimulator of the cochlear implant. In-depth history taking of this patient revealed that each episode of this swelling was preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection, associated with forceful sneezing and coughing. This patient was managed conservatively. The other case had a long history of otorrhea, for which he did not seek medical attention. The patient presented with painful swelling over the internal receiver stimulator. Moreover, the underlying cause of the subcutaneous emphysema was found to be a cholesteatoma. This patient was managed surgically with the preservation of the device.
New Strategic Approach Towards Financial Regulation
Authors: Boldini Marco
Published: December 2022

This paper analyses the dynamics and evolutionary strategies that are occurring in regulated markets in light of the impacts of new technological innovations in the financial sector and how different jurisdictions are seeking the right balance between fostering innovation and competition and ensuring customers protection. The main focus of the paper is to present regulatory sandboxes as one of the novel ways of regulating financial services, especially fintech. The article is characterized by a comparative approach based on my professional experience as a lawyer in UK and Italy, as well as my experience as an academic in the financial markets sector.
Justified Discrimination in a Liberal Society
Authors: Rosales Carlos Manuel , Ruiz Vargas Oscar
Published: December 2022

The act of discrimination is a decision that affects the rights of third parties. Undoubtedly, its exercise and materialisation are disastrous. However, would it be possible to discriminate against a person without facing legal consequences? This work opens a space to explain that there are situations in which discrimination is carried out and validated, in which it is justified its usefulness to preserve a titled property considered as a fundamental right or safeguarding public order as a fundamental structure of the teleology of the state.
ECtHR: Chocholáč v. Slovakia
Authors: Beleš Andrej
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this commentary is primarily to analyse the judgment of the ECtHR in case of Chocholáč v. Slovakia on 7 July 2022 and the related ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic of 2017. In these decisions, the courts dealt with the general prohibition on the possession of pornographic materials in the serving of a prison sentence. What is interesting about these decisions are the fundamental substantive differences in terms of the assessment of the legitimacy and proportionality of that prohibition in relation to the right to privacy and the right to information of persons in the serving of a prison sentence. The practical implementation of the ECtHR decision must be seen in the context of the problems of the Slovak prison system.
Analyzing of land subsidence by Sentinel-1 time-series images using PSInSAR method: A case study of Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
Authors: Le Hang Minh , Tran Anh Van ,   Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: December 2022

Natural disasters and human activities are now causing an increase in land subsidence, or surface displacement. The effects of land subsidence cause landslides and construction cracking. PSInSAR (Persistent Scatter Interferometry) was identified to estimate surface displacement from a time series of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. This technique is a subset of the DInSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) method. In this article, the authors determined and analyzed land subsidence in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, using time series Sentinel-1A data with VV polarization from July 2019 to December 2020 and the PSInSAR method. There are numerous mineral exploitation mines in Thai Nguyen Province. It is one of the causes of an unusual amount of land subsidence in the region. According to the results determined by the InSAR technique, the velocity of displacement along the line of sight (LOS) of the study area ranges from -23.2 mm per year to +21.0 mm per year. The analysis of time-series SAR images reveals anomalous land subsidence at persistent scatter (PS) points. By analyzing the time-series displacement at PS points using the StaMPS Visualizer tool, the land subsidence during the image acquisition period and surface displacement trends over time were determined. According to this, coal mining regions have the highest land subsidence values ranging from -40 mm to -60 mm. The city and mine regions of Thai Nguyen, where operations have stopped, are largely stable. In addition, the time-series analysis at PS points will allow us to identify unusual displacement points, enabling the implementation of early warning plans.
A Study on the Introduction of a Employment Extension Measure for Elderly Considering the Intergenerational Employment Relation
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Kim Joon-Young , Oh Hea-Eun
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This paper examines the conditions for the introduction of a mandatory employment extension measures for the elderly in minimizing the possibility of substitution between elderly employment and youth employment in Korea.
Research design, data, and methodology: Through a review of previous literature regarding the employment relations between the elderly and the youth in Korea and in other countries including USA, Japan, and Eurepean countries, this study found that there is no clear evidence that the increase in elderly employment has a harmful effect on youth employment. However, it cannot be excluded that the introduction of the retirement age extension measure has a negative impact on youth employment, at least in the short run. In addition, this study examines the impact of the Measures for Securing Employment for the Elderly implemented in 2006 in Japan on the employment relationship between the elderly and young people in the Japanese labor market.
Results: As factors determining whether the employment relation between the elderly and youth is a substitute or a complementary, this study suggests the following three; the situation of labor supply and demand, the period required for skill formation, and the wage gap between age generations at the firm level. By combining these three factors, this study categorizes employment relationships between the elderly and youth into eight types. It is suggested that the employment relationship between two generations becomes substitutional when the wage is relatively overpaid to the elderly.
Implications: It is suggested that in order to minimize the possibility that the mandatory employment extension measure for the elderly might have a negative effect on youth employment, it is necessary that the measure needs to be put into effect at the time when the labor surplus has been eliminated. It is also important that personnel policies to keep the relative wages of the elderly and the young at a certain level is vital.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Yaşam Doyumu ile Sosyal Beceri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KALKIŞIM Sinan
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırma, ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumu ile sosyal becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumu ile sosyal beceri arasındaki ilişkiyi demografik değerler açısından ortaya koyduğu araştırmada ilişkisel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul ili Bahçelievler ilçesindeki ortaokullar oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise araştırmaya katılan 534 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, 2021 yılı Nisan-Mayıs ayları içerisinde, Sosyal Beceri Ölçeği (SBÖ), Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (YDÖ) ve araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu tarafından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %67,2’ünü kız, %32,8’sini erkek öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin %33,1’i 5.Sınıf, %17,4’ü 6.Sınıf, %39’u 7.Sınıf ve %10,5’i de 8.Sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin %5,8’ini boşanmış aileler, %94,2’sini birlikte yaşayan aileler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubu için ölçeklerin Cronbach alpası sırasıyla; YDÖ (,81) ve SBÖ (,85) olarak belirlendi. Elde edilen değerlerin cronbach alpa güvenilirlik katsayısı açısından yüksek derecede güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis Test ve Spearman Korelasyon ile analiz edildi. Araştırma da elde edilen veriler ışığında yaşam doyum düzeyi ile sosyal beceri arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
La administración en instituciones privadas de educación superior a través de plataformas virtuales en Honduras
Authors: Medina Reyes Adalid , González Torres Arturo
Published: December 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la educación en instituciones privadas a nivel superior a través de plataformas virtuales en Honduras, ocasionada por el COVID19. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un nivel de investigación exploratorio – descriptivo; además se manejaron cuestionarios con un grado de confiabilidad del 0.847 Alfa de Cronbach. La muestra fue de cinco universidades privadas representadas con sesenta docentes. Se logró la rápida adaptación a la virtualidad, lo que reflejó un alto grado de satisfacción de los docentes. Se concluye que las instituciones privadas a nivel superior obtuvieron un resultado aceptable debido al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para mantener la fluidez de clases al contar con programas y plataformas para la enseñanza virtual.
Eyelid Myokymia as the Presenting Feature of Parry-Romberg Syndrome
Authors: Cho Jangho , Kim Dayoung , Oh Jeeyoung , Choi Kyomin
Published: December 2022

Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare acquired disease of unknown etiology that is classically characterized by progressive atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and underlying bone structures. Eyelid myokymia is a disorder of involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating muscle fiber contractions, which is seen as a rippling of the overlying periorbital area. We report a patient with Parry-Romberg syndrome presenting eyelid myokymia.
VYUŽITÍ KAPACITY DRÁHY NA TRAŤOVÉM ÚSEKU BRNO-MALOMĚŘICE – TIŠNOV PŘED A PO ZAVEDENÍ ODKLONOVÝCH TRAS Z I. TRANZITNÍHO KORIDORU
Authors: Zeman Vladimír , Drdla Pavel
Published: December 2022

Tento článek hodnotí využití kapacity dopravní infrastruktury na traťovém úseku Brno-Maloměřice – Tišnov s využitím metodiky Správy železnic dle SM 124. Nejprve je prováděno zjišťování plánovaného a skutečného provozu z hlediska jeho intenzity a druhového složení vlaků před a po zavedení odklonových tras z I. tranzitního koridoru. Následně je vyhodnocena kapacita obou traťových kolejí v jednotlivých mezistanicích úsecích. Dále je diskutována otázka nedostatečného počtu nástupištních hran ve stanici Tišnov a představeno řešení dle autorů a dle plánovaného projektu rekonstrukce. Rovněž jsou prezentovány výsledky separátní simulace provozu na zhlaví v obvodu St. 3 stanice Brno- Maloměřice a na kuřimském zhlaví v Tišnově.
ANALÝZA A NÁVRHY ZMĚN V PROKAZOVÁNÍ ODBORNÉ ZPŮSOBILOSTI K PROVOZOVÁNÍ SILNIČNÍ DOPRAVY PRO CIZÍ POTŘEBY VELKÝMI VOZIDLY
Authors: Kleprlík Jaroslav
Published: December 2022

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou odborné způsobilosti k provozování silniční dopravy pro cizí potřeby „velkými vozidly“ (nákladními a autobusy). Představuje a komentuje právní úpravu Evropské unie v této oblasti. Dále přibližuje a srovnává, jak je tato problematika podrobněji právně upravena a řešena konkrétně v České republice a ve Slovenské republice. Analyzuje dostupnost informací a informační zdroje pro přípravu na zkoušky. Analyzuje také podmínky, technologický postup, obsah a hodnocení zkoušky odborné způsobilosti. Předkládá návrhy úprav s cílem zjednodušit administrativu a zlepšit dostupnost informací k přihlašování, k průběhu a k hodnocení zkoušky. Úlohou příspěvku je zvýšit přehlednost a kvalitu v oblasti přípravy na zkoušky a zkoušek z odborné způsobilosti k provozování silniční dopravy pro cizí potřeby velkými vozidly.
COVID AUTOMAT A JEHO VPLYV NA VÝKONY VO VEREJNOM ZÁUJME V ŽELEZNIČNEJ OSOBNEJ DOPRAVE NA SLOVENSKU
Authors: Bulková Zdenka , Černá Lenka
Published: December 2022

Rozšírenie krízy COVID-19 malo vážny vplyv na železničných dopravcov z dôvodu výrazného zníženia dopytu po službách železničnej dopravy. Niektorí dopravcovia čelili značným problémom s likviditou, veľkým stratám a v krajnom prípade riziku úpadku. V tomto období bola koronakrízou postihnutá najmä železničná osobná doprava. V prvej vlne pandémie, keby bol zavedený zákaz vychádzania sa tak zrušilo veľké množstvo vlakových spojov na sieti ŽSR a prevádzka železničnej osobnej dopravy sa obmedzila na sobotňajší režim prevádzky podľa vtedy platného GVD. Vo veľkej miere sa znížili všetky dopravné výkony, najmä tie, ktoré sú poskytované ako výkony vo verejnom záujme. Pozastavená bola taktiež aj bezplatná preprava v dôsledku zatvorenia všetkých škôl. V dôsledku týchto nepriaznivých zmien boli zavádzané protipandemické opatrenia, znižujúce riziko nákazy počas prepravy. Príspevok sa zaoberá vplyvom pandémie COVID-19 na výkony vo verejnom záujme v železničnej osobnej doprave na Slovensku. Príspevok popisuje navrhnutý systém hodnotenia protipandemických opatrení, vplývajúcich na mobilitu v železničnej osobnej doprave. Implementácia preventívnych opatrení pre ďalšie obdobie je navrhnutá na podporu prevádzky železničnej osobnej dopravy.
VLIV SLOVA „ZDARMA“ NA NÁKUPNÍ CHOVÁNÍ RŮZNÝCH GENERACÍ
Authors: Pojkarová Kateřina , Anchutkina Yaroslava , Baťová Klára
Published: December 2022

V dopravě, spojích nebo jakékoli jiné oblasti lidé často činí rozhodnutí, která nejsou racionální. Jedním z vlivů, který to způsobuje, je nabídka něčeho zdarma. Tento článek se zaměřil na zkoumání tohoto vlivu mezi různými generacemi. Snahou bylo zjistit, jestli mladší generace reagují odlišným způsobem než generace starší. Významný rozdíl se neprokázal, při zkoumání tohoto problému se však ukázal (a potvrdil) jiný jev, a to vliv formulace nabídky se slovem „zdarma“ na rozhodování spotřebitelů.
Irak Türkmen Türkçesi Amerli Ağzının Ses Bilgisine Dair Notlar
Authors: IBRAHIM Mubeen Shaheen Ibrahım
Published: December 2022

Bilindiği üzere Irak Türkmen Türkçesi, Doğu Oğuz Grubunun güney kısmında yer alarak Türkçenin Azeri sahasına dâhil olmaktadır. Amerli ağzının, özel olarak Irak Türkmen Türkçesinin ağızları içerisinde ve genel olarak Türk lehçeleri arasında kendine has dikkat çekici özellikleri bulunmaktadır. Eski Türkçedeki bazı sözcükleri var olduğu şekilde yaşatması; /ET. boyın > bōyın, ET. altun > alṭun/, büyük ünlü uyumuna çok güçlü bir şekilde uyması; /ḳardaş ''kardeş'', ʿenne ''anne'', alma ''elma'', aṭaş ''ateş'', bayaz ''beyaz'', ḫençer ''hançer''/ ve Eski Türkçedeki /ng/ sesini /y/'ye; /işiy ''işin'', ḳarārıy ''kararın'', ḳizı ̈́y ''kızın''/ dönüştürmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Makalede, Irak Türkmen Türkçesi Amerli ağzında bulunan ünlüler, uzun ve kısa ünlüler, ünlü uyumu, ünlü değişmesi, ünlü düşmesi, ünsüzler, ünsüz değişmesi, ünsüz benzeşmesi, ünsüz yer değiştirmesi, ünsüz ikizleşmesi ve ünsüz düşmesi incelenecektir. Makalede yer alan ve üzerinde incelemelerin yapıldığı dil malzemesi, Amerli'de bulunan halkla mülakat şeklinde görüşmeler yaparak derlenip kayıt altına alınmıştır. Ardından dijital ortamda deşifre edildikten sonra yazılarak incelenmiştir.
Transhümanizm: İnsanın ve Dünyanın Dönüşümü
Authors: AYDİN Beşir
Published: December 2022

Transhümanizm, en gelişmiş teknolojileri kullanarak insanı değiştirmeye çalışan, yapay zeka, nano-teknoloji, robotik bilimi ve android cihazlar gibi enstrümanlar sayesinde insanın sahip olduğu sınırlılıkları ortadan kaldırmayı hedefleyen felsefi bir akım olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hastalıklar, yaşlanma, organların işlevlerini yitirmesi, ölüm gibi olumsuz durumların üstesinden ileri teknolojilerle gelinmesi gerektiğini savunan bu hareket uzun ömürlü, biyolojik doğasından ve zincirlerinden kurtulmuş, gelişmiş fiziksel ve bilişsel yeteneklere sahip yarı insan yarı robot varlıklar ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle homo sapiens, ileri derecede gelişmiş araçlar vasıtasıyla özünden koparılarak transhümanizmin nihai formu olan Robo-sapiens haline getirilmek istenmektedir. Aslında transhümanizm, hümanizm ile posthümanizm arasında bir geçiş süreci olup nihai hedefi insanın aşıldığı post-human çağına ulaşmaktır. Bu sebeple hümanizmin bir devamı olarak tasavvur edebileceğimiz bu kavramın özünde insanın değişim ve dönüşümü olduğunu ifade etmek yerinde olacaktır. Ancak hümanizm, rasyonel ve bilimci bir insan modeli ortaya koyarken transhümanizm ise bio-teknolojilerle desteklenmiş ve yapısı tamamen değiştirilmiş bir insanı ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Post-hümanizm ise transhümanizm sürecinin sonucunda ulaşılan bir varış noktası olduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Transhümanizm Batı dünyasında uzun süredir tartışılan bir konu olduğu için bu çevrede geniş bir litaretüre sahiptir. Ancak felsefe dünyamızda gündemi işgal etmesi çok yakın zamanlara dayanmaktadır. İncelememizin konusu olan ve Ahmet Dağ tarafından kaleme alınan Transhümanizm - İnsanın ve Dünyanın Dönüşümü adlı eser, ülkemizde bu konuda yazılmış ilk telif eser olma özelliği taşımaktadır.