bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Proteins and Cells that Adsorb to Dialysis Membranes Used in Continuous Hemodiafiltration: Comparison of AN69ST, Polymethylmethacrylate, and Polysulfone Membranes
Authors: Michikoshi Junichi , Matsumoto Sigekiyo , Miyawaki Hiroshi , Morita Makoto , Niu Harushi , Seo Katsuhiro , Hagiwara Satoshi , Kitano Takaaki
Published: July 2019

Objective: In intensive care medicine, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is important for critically ill patients. Various types of dialysis membranes are currently used in clinical settings, each having unique structures and characteristics. This study aimed to perform a detailed analysis of the characteristics of polysulfone (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) membranes, and to determine differences in the adsorption of proteins and blood cells by membrane material. Methods: Subjects were patients undergoing CRRT in the ICU of the Kokura Memorial Hospital. After use, membranes were collected and analyzed. Semi-quantitative analysis of the membrane surface was performed by scanning electron microscopy. We determined the identity of proteins adsorbed to the surface of membranes by TOF/MS analysis, and measured the amount of adsorbed chemical mediators. Results: Electron microscopy revealed that, compared to PS and PMMA membranes, AN69ST membranes had a greater amount of adsorbed activated white blood cells (WBCs). A large amount of platelets was adsorbed to PMMA membranes. In terms of the amount of adsorbed protein, significantly more proteins adsorbed to AN69ST membranes compared to PS and PMMA membranes. Moreover, TOF/MS analysis revealed a difference in the types of adsorbed proteins by membrane. Chemokines were particularly prevalent among adsorbed proteins for all 3 membranes. Conclusion: Compared to PS and PMMA membranes, AN69ST membranes had a higher capacity to remove activated WBCs. Moreover, apparent differences were noted in the types of proteins that adsorbed to each type of membrane. These differences in membrane properties may impact clinical outcomes.
New Technologies for Outcome Measures in Retinal Disease: Review from the European Vision Institute Special Interest Focus Group
Authors: della Volpe-Waizel Maria , Traber Ghislaine L. , Maloca Peter , Zinkernagel Martin , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Rubin Gary , Roska Botond , Otto Tilman , Weleber Richard G. , Scholl Hendrik P.N.
Published: July 2019

Novel diagnostic tools to measure retinal function and structure are rapidly being developed and introduced into clinical use. Opportunities exist to use these informative and robust measures as endpoints for clinical trials to determine efficacy and to monitor safety of therapeutic interventions. In order to inform researchers and clinician-scientists about these new diagnostic tools, a workshop was organized by the European Vision Institute. Invited speakers highlighted the recent advances in state-of-the-art technologies for outcome measures in the field of retina. This review highlights the workshop’s presentations in the context of published literature.
ВМІСТ ПРОДУКТІВ ЛІПОПЕРОКСИДАЦІЇ ТА АКТИВНІСТЬ ЕНЗИМІВ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В МІОКАРДІ У ДИНАМІЦІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТУ
Authors: Horodetskyy O. T. , Regeda M. S.
Published: July 2019

Вступ. Розвиток пародонтиту супроводжується змінами маркерів вільнорадикального окиснення та антиоксидантної системи в міокарді, які поступово запускають процеси пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і компенсаторно стимулюють активність досліджуваних ензимів з наступною депресією антиоксидантного захисту. Ці порушення проявляються різною мірою і мають неоднакову спрямованість, що свідчить про різноманітні механізми розвитку запального процесу в пародонті.

Мета дослідження – визначити вміст продуктів ліпопероксидації та активність ензимів антиоксидантної системи в міокарді у динаміці формування експериментального пародонтиту.

Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 45 нелінійних білих щурах-самцях масою 0,17–0,21 кг, яких поділили на п’ять груп (по 9 тварин у кожній): 1-ша – контрольна; 2-га, 3-тя, 4-та і 5-та – тварини з експериментальним пародонтитом, відповідно, на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби експерименту.

Результати й обговорення. Результати біохімічних досліджень свідчать про те, що на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування експериментального пародонтиту збільшувався вміст у міокарді дієнових кон’югатів та малонового діальдегіду, що вказувало на активацію процесів вільнорадикального окиснення. Крім порушень прооксидантної системи, досліджували особливості змін антиоксидантного захисту за показниками активності супероксиддисмутази, каталази, вмісту церулоплазміну в міокарді у динаміці формування експериментального пародонтиту. Встановлено, що на 1-шу добу експерименту ці показники підвищувалися, на 7-му – не змінювалися, на 10-ту і 17-ту доби – знижувалися в динаміці формування пародонтиту.

Висновок. Визначення маркерів вільнорадикального окиснення (дієнових кон’югатів, малонового діальдегіду) та антиоксидантної системи (супероксиддисмутази, каталази, церулоплазміну) в міокарді показало поступову стимуляцію процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і компенсаторне підвищення активності досліджуваних ензимів з наступною депресією антиоксидантного захисту, особливо на 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування пародонтиту, що вказує на розвиток оксидативного стресу.
ОДЕРЖАННЯ ТА СТАНДАРТИЗАЦІЯ ЗГУЩЕНОГО СОКУ З ЖУРАВЛИНИ БОЛОТНОЇ ПЛОДІВ
Authors: Yatsyuk K. M. , Fedorovskaya M. I. , Marchyshyn S. M. , Budniak L. I. , Slobodianiuk L. V.
Published: July 2019

Вступ. Цінною сировиною для розробки фітопрепаратів є журавлини болотної плоди, які застосовують при лікуванні інфекцій сечовидільної системи, застудних та стоматологічних захворювань. Біологічно активні речовини, що містяться в цій сировині, здатні проявляти антимікробні властивості щодо головних уропатогенних штамів мікроорганізмів. При розробці твердих лікарських форм для застосування в урології перспективним є одержання згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів.

Мета дослідження – розробити технологію одержання та здійснити стандартизацію згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів.

Методи дослідження. Свіжоодержаний та згущений сік з журавлини болотної плодів піддавали аналізу за такими показниками, як: опис, рН, сухий залишок (свіжий сік), ідентифікація і кількісне визначення основних груп біологічно активних речовин.

Результати й обговорення. У результаті проведених досліджень розроблено оптимальну технологію одержання згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів. Для свіжоодержаного та згущеного соку визначено основні показники якості.

Висновки. Обґрунтовано оптимальний метод одержання свіжого соку з журавлини болотної плодів та визначено такі його критерії якості, як: зовнішній вигляд, рН від 2,46 до 2,5, ідентифікація методами тонкошарової хроматографії, кольоровими реакціями, кількісне визначення методами титриметрії та УФ-спектрофотометрії (органічні кислоти – не менше 0,78 %, поліфеноли – не менше 1,8 %, таніни – не менше 0,39 %, проантоціанідини – не менше 0,33 %). При одержанні згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів встановлено, що оптимальним методом загущування є інфрачервоне сушіння при 35–40 °С до 30 % від початкової маси. Визначено основні показники якості згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів, а саме: опис, рН від 2,46 до 2,5, кількісний вміст (органічні кислоти – не менше 2,37 %, поліфеноли – не менше 5,37 %, таніни – не менше 1,06 %, проантоціанідини – не менше 0,95 %). Розроблено технологічну схему одержання згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів.
Construções de cópula em russo
Authors: Leite Diego
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo são analisadas as sentenças copulativas do russo e a variação que exibem quanto à estratégia copulativa no tempo presente. Em alguns casos, observa-se o uso da partícula eto, o que alguns estudiosos caracterizam como exclusivo para sentenças equativas, em outros casos, a relação de cópula se dá pela mera justaposição de sintagmas em cadeia linear, o que geralmente é tido como propriedade de sentenças atributivas. Este trabalho aborda o conhecimento linguístico de falantes nativos do idioma, buscando identificar quais contextos de fato propiciam o uso do vocábulo eto. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um experimento denominado julgamento de aceitabilidade em que russos residentes na cidade de Moscou avaliavam sentenças copulativas com e sem o elemento eto. Resultados preliminares indicam que o uso das estratégias adotadas pelos russos para marcar cópula exibe caráter gradiente. No entanto, a despeito de o elemento eto não se comportar de maneira categórica, a sistematização de seus contextos de uso ainda se faz possível.
Canção sobre Garcia Lorca
Authors: Asseiév Nikolai
Published: July 2019

Nascido na região de Kursk, o poeta russo Nikolai Assiéiev (1889-1963) participou de importantes publicações soviéticas de vanguarda. Além de ter sido membro da revista LEF, onde conviveu com Vladimir Maiakóvski, foi também um dos diretores da revista Lirika, de onde emergiu o grupo literário Centrífuga (Tsentrifúga), do qual faziam parte, além de Assiéiev, Boris Pasternak e Serguei Bobróv. Entre outras honrarias, recebeu a Ordem de Lênin (1939), o Prêmio Stálin (1941) e a Ordem da Bandeira Vermelha do Trabalho (1959). No Brasil, dois de seus poemas foram traduzidos e publicados na antologia Poesia russa moderna, lançada em 1968, com tradução de Haroldo de Campos e Boris Schnaiderman. O poema Canção sobre Garcia Lorca (Песнь о Гарсиа Лорк), aqui apresentado em tradução poética, inédito em português, presta homenagem ao poeta espanhol Federico Garcia Lorca, executado por militares franquistas em 1936.
A pesquisa em Semiótica Russa na USP
Authors: Bernardini Aurora Fornoni
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um panorama geral da contribuição dos estudiosos russos e soviéticos no que se refere ao Método Estruturalista nos estudos da Linguagem. É dada ênfase aos trabalhos de E. M. Meletínski e V.V. Ivánov, publicados, traduzidos, revistos e/ou organizados pelos docentes do Curso de Russo da Universidade de São Paulo.
Observations on nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the Bordered Dung Beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Singh Amar Paul , De Kritish , Mahajan Shagun , Mondal Ritwik , Uniyal Virendra Prasad
Published: July 2019

The nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were studied under laboratory conditions for the first time in India.  The females made a brood chamber within the dung mass provided, wherein they made brood balls to lay eggs.  The life cycle includes egg, larva (three instars), pupa, and adult stages.  The total duration for the development was about one month.  The study found that there was a significant difference present in the brood ball diameter (except in the first and second instars) and brood ball weight (except in the second instar and pupa) of the six life cycle stages.  It was also found that brood ball weight and diameter have a significant positive correlation as well as a linear relationship.
An updated checklist of Indian western Himalayan gymnosperms and lectotypification of three names
Authors: Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh , Mazumdar Jaideep
Published: July 2019

An updated checklist of gymnosperms of the western Himalaya situated within political boundaries in India is provided along with conservation status and distribution.  Lectotype for three names viz., Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lam.) G. Don, Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss. are designated.
Butterflies collected using malaise traps as useful bycatches for ecology and conservation
Authors: Rosa Augusto Henrique Batista , Perillo Lucas Neves , Neves Frederico Siqueira , Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , Freitas André Victor Lucci
Published: July 2019

From 2013 to 2016, a study using malaise was carried out throughout the Espinhaço Mountain range in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia.  A total of 1,000 butterflies belonging to six families, namely Pieridae (n=353), Nymphalidae (n=274), Hesperiidae (n=205), Lycaenidae (n=139), Riodinidae (n=17), and Papilionidae (n=12), were captured during this period.  Because of the collecting method, most butterflies became mangled and resulted in faded colours, making them difficult to be identified.  Nevertheless, three interesting species were identified in the collected material as they were either threatened, endemic, or undescribed.  These new records highlight the importance of storing and making available all collected material, including bycatches, since this can provide important information for studies on ecology, taxonomy, and conservation.
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal the Contribution of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Stem Cells to Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Gu Wenduo , Nowak Witold N. , Xie Yao , Le Bras Alexandra , Hu Yanhua , Deng Jiacheng , Issa Bhaloo Shirin , Lu Yao , Yuan Hong , Fidanis Efthymios , Saxena Alka , Kanno Tokuwa , Mason A. James , Dulak Jozef , Cai Jingjing , Xu Qingbo
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a vital role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, most studies ascribed the function of PVAT in vascular remodeling to adipokines secreted by the perivascular adipocytes. Whether mesenchymal stem cells exist in PVAT and play a role in vascular regeneration remain unknown.

Approach and Results:

Single-cell RNA-sequencing allowed direct visualization of the heterogeneous PVAT-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PV-ADSCs) at a high resolution and revealed 2 distinct subpopulations, among which one featured signaling pathways crucial for smooth muscle differentiation. Pseudotime analysis of cultured PV-ADSCs unraveled their smooth muscle differentiation trajectory. Transplantation of cultured PV-ADSCs in mouse vein graft model suggested the contribution of PV-ADSCs to vascular remodeling through smooth muscle differentiation. Mechanistically, treatment with TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) and transfection of microRNA (miR)-378a-3p mimics induced a similar metabolic reprogramming of PV-ADSCs, including upregulated mitochondrial potential and altered lipid levels, such as increased cholesterol and promoted smooth muscle differentiation.

Conclusions:

Single-cell RNA-sequencing allows direct visualization of PV-ADSC heterogeneity at a single-cell level and uncovers 2 subpopulations with distinct signature genes and signaling pathways. The function of PVAT in vascular regeneration is partly attributed to PV-ADSCs and their differentiation towards smooth muscle lineage. Mechanistic study presents miR-378a-3p which is a potent regulator of metabolic reprogramming as a potential therapeutic target for vascular regeneration.
The Fascist Who Fought for World Peace: Conversions and Core Concepts in the Ideology of the Swedish Nazi Leader Sven Olov Lindholm
Authors: Stenfeldt Johan
Published: July 2019

This article deals with the political conversion and ideological thought of the Swedish National Socialist Sven Olov Lindholm (1903–1998). Lindholm began his career as a fascist in the twenties, and became a member of Sweden’s main National Socialist party led by Birger Furugård, in the early thirties. Ideological divisions and a failed attempt to oust Furugård saw Lindholm found his own party in January 1933, the nsap (later renamed the sss). Previous research has often described this party as a left-wing Nazi alternative, but its ideological basis has never been thoroughly dissected. The present article uses a variety of archival collections, speeches, pamphlets, and newspaper articles to suggest a cluster of six interdependent core concepts in Sven Olov Lindholm’s ideological thought: anti-Semitism, anti-capitalism, anti-imperialism, anti-materialism, the idealization of the worker, and the definition of Nazi Germany as a worker’s state. Lindholm underwent a second political awakening in the sixties, redefining himself as a communist, and thus the article also examines the ideological remains thereafter. It is found that anti-materialism, linked to a broad antipathy to modernity, was central throughout his career.
Norwegian Fascism in a Transnational Perspective: The Influence of German National Socialism and Italian Fascism on the Nasjonal Samling, 1933–1936
Authors: Hamre Martin Kristoffer
Published: July 2019

Following the transnational turn within fascist studies, this paper examines the role German National Socialism and Italian Fascism played in the transformation of the Norwegian fascist party Nasjonal Samling in the years 1933–1936. It takes the rivalry of the two role models as the initial point and focusses on the reception of Italy and Germany in the party press of the Nasjonal Samling. The main topics of research are therefore the role of corporatism, the involvement in the organization caur and the increasing importance of anti-Semitism. One main argument is that both indirect and direct German influence on the Nasjonal Samling in autumn 1935 led to a radicalization of the party and the endorsement of anti-Semitic attitudes. However, the Nasjonal Samling under leader Vidkun Quisling never prioritized Italo-German rivalry as such. Instead, it perceived itself as an independent national movement in the common battle of a European-wide phenomenon against its arch-enemies: liberalism and communism.
The Battle of An Khe Pass (1972): The Implications of the South Korean Army’s Pyrrhic Victory in the Vietnamization Phase of the Vietnam War
Authors: Shim* Hosub
Published: July 2019

The Battle of An Khe Pass (1972) was a Pyrrhic victory. The South Korean forces’ conduct in this battle neither frustrated the enemy’s purpose nor minimized Korean sacrifices; and the combination of the Korean’s passive attitude and the pressure to act quickly resulted in poor performance and heavy casualties. This battle revealed the Korean forces’ inherent problems and heightened their pre-existing frictions with the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the Vietnamization period (1969–1973). Yet, the result of the battle created the necessary circumstances to justify the Koreans’ further presence in Vietnam. Based on extensive research of various U.S. and South Korean archives, this article explores the Battle of An Khe Pass in the context of the Vietnamization phase of the Vietnam War.
Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: HE XIAOFANG , JIANG JIAN-JUN , CAO HUA-ZHI , CHEN HONG-WEI
Published: July 2019

Three new species of the Amiota nagatai species group were described from southern China: A. bachlii Cao and Chen, sp. nov., A. chengyuae Cao and Chen, sp. nov. and A. protuberantis Cao and Chen, sp. nov. A key to all the species of this group was provided. The phylogenetic relationship in this group was investigated based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene, with two species of the genus Amiota taken as outgroups.
A new species of the genus Allonychiurus from China (Collembola: Onychiuridae)
Authors: SUN XIN , YAN HAIJUAN , CHEN JIAN-XIU
Published: July 2019

The genus Allonychiurus Yoshii, 1995 is briefly introduced and a new Chinese species, Allonychiurus megasomus sp. nov., from Jiangsu Province, is described. The new species is diagnosed as having 32/133/33343 dorsal pso, 11/000/ 01110 ventral pso, 0/000/10000 ventral parapseudocelli (psx), 2/012/22222 dorsal sensilla, PAO consisting of 18–22 compound vesicles, Abd. IV with median setae a 0 and p 0 , Abd. V with m 0 , tibiotarsus with 11 setae in the distal whorl, unguiculus without basal lamella and ventral tube with 8+8 setae. It is easily separated from other known species in the genus by the combination of above characters. The status of the species in the genus is discussed.
Lobizon and Navira, two new genera of wolf spiders from Argentina (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Authors: PIACENTINI LUIS N. , GRISMADO CRISTIAN J.
Published: July 2019

Two new genera in the family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 from Argentina are proposed. Lobizon gen. nov. comprises five species: Lobizon corondaensis (Mello-Leitão, 1941) comb. nov. (type species), L. minor (Mello Leitão, 1941) comb. nov., and L. humilis (Mello-Leitão, 1944) comb. nov., all these with a wide distribution in Argentina, and two new species: L. ojangureni sp. nov. from the montane forests of Northwestern Argentina, and L. otamendi sp. nov. from the northeastern Buenos Aires Province. The monotypic Navira gen. nov. is erected for N. naguan sp. nov. from Córdoba and San Luis Provinces. Trochosippa anomala (Mello-Leitão, 1945) and Alopecosa unguiculata Mello-Leitão, 1944 are considered junior synonyms of L. corondaensis and L. humilis respectively. A putative synapomorphy uniting the two genera is the massive, greatly elongated terminal apophysis which is grooved along its length. The subfamily placement of the two new genera is briefly discussed, and it is concluded that they probably belong to the Artoriinae Framenau, 2007 or Venoniinae Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979.
Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of the Cook Islands
Authors: MA MIN , FAN QING-HAI , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: July 2019

Little is known about the mite family Phytoseiidae of the Cook Islands, and only five species have previously been recorded from the country. In this work, we present new data on 12 species, including five new records and two new species (Knopkirie flascus sp. nov. and Kuzinellus rarotonga sp. nov.). A key to all species of Phytoseiidae known from the Cook Islands is provided.
Two new species of Australian Eutarsopolipus (Acariformes: Podapolipidae) from Nurus medius (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: July 2019

Eutarsopolipus burwelli sp. nov. and E. echinatus sp. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae) are described from Nurus medius Darlington, 1961 (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a large burrowing carabid beetle found in the rainforests of coastal central Queensland, Australia. Eutarsopolipus burwelli belongs to the ochoai species group, which is herein refined, and E. echinatus is placed tentatively in the pterostichi species group. A revised key to the species groups of Eutarsopolipus is provided. The synhospitalic species of Eutarsopolipus are reviewed and synhospitality within the genus is discussed.
Contribution to the knowledge of Galumnidae (Acari: Oribatida) in the Oriental region
Authors: BAYARTOGTOKH BADAMDORJ , SHIMANO SATOSHI
Published: July 2019

We found two species of galumnid mites from Babeldaob Island of the Palau Republic, which is an island located in the western Pacific Ocean. In the present work, we describe Trichogalumna ekaterinae sp. nov., which is clearly different from other known species of Trichogalumna in the specific structure of sensillus, reduced number of notogastral porose areas, and smaller body size. A supplementary description of another species, Galumna flabellifera, which is recorded for the first time in Palau, is given. Furthermore, we discuss aspects of the distribution, diversity and habitat ecology of species belonging to these genera in the Oriental region.
Where, When, and Why Did It Rain during PECAN?
Authors: Weckwerth Tammy M. , Romatschke Ulrike
Published: July 2019

The overarching goal of the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field campaign was to improve understanding of the processes contributing to the nocturnal precipitation maximum in the U.S. Great Plains. This study presents the precipitation pattern surrounding PECAN and addresses the origin, timing, duration, and potential causes contributing to that pattern. It is shown that the precipitation occurs most frequently at night, as expected. The maximum in the precipitation pattern occurred in the northeastern portion of the PECAN radar domain. The source of the rainfall was attributed to mountain-initiated precipitation, plains-initiated precipitation, precipitation advecting over the border of the radar domain, and episodes in which different initiation categories merged together. Through the combination of mountain-initiated, border, and merged episodes, 70% of the Great Plains precipitation was caused by episodes that formed outside of the PECAN domain and propagated into the region. The remaining 30% of the precipitation was attributed to plains-initiated storms. The mountain-initiated storms formed primarily in the afternoon and typically dissipated near the mountains. For those that survived, they propagated eastward, grew upscale, and contributed 27% of the precipitation in the plains. The plains-initiated precipitation fell mostly during the afternoon but also contributed to overnight rainfall and those locally triggered systems tended to be relatively smaller and shorter lived. For the top 10% rain-producing events, composite reanalysis fields showed that synoptic-scale features influenced the precipitation pattern and timing: an approaching trough established southwesterly moist flow throughout the region and a nocturnal low-level jet transported moisture to its terminus in the northeast corner of the PECAN domain.
A Seasonally Coherent Calibration (SCC) Model for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions
Authors: Wang Q. J. , Zhao Tony , Yang Qichun , Robertson David
Published: July 2019

Statistical calibration of forecasts from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models aims to produce forecasts that are unbiased, reliable in ensemble spread, and as skillful as possible. We suggest that the calibrated forecasts should also be coherent in climatology, including seasonality, consistent with observations. This is especially important when forecasts approach climatology as forecast skill becomes low, such as at long lead times. However, it is challenging to achieve these aims when data available to establish sophisticated calibration models are limited. Many NWP models have only a short period of archived data, typically one year or less, when they become officially operational. In this paper, we introduce a seasonally coherent calibration (SCC) model for working effectively with limited archived NWP data. Detailed rationale and mathematical formulations are presented. In the development of the model, three issues are resolved. These are 1) constructing a calibration model that is sophisticated enough to allow for seasonal variation in the statistical characteristics of raw forecasts and observations, 2) bringing climatology that is representative of long-term statistics into the calibration model, and 3) reducing the number of model parameters through sensible reparameterization to make the model workable with short NWP dataset. A case study is conducted to examine model assumptions and evaluate model performance. We find that the model assumptions are sound, and the developed SCC model produces well-calibrated forecasts.
Using a 10-Year Radar Archive for Nowcasting Precipitation Growth and Decay: A Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Foresti Loris , Sideris Ioannis V. , Nerini Daniele , Beusch Lea , Germann Urs
Published: July 2019

Machine learning algorithms are trained on a 10-yr archive of composite weather radar images in the Swiss Alps to nowcast precipitation growth and decay in the next few hours in moving coordinates (Lagrangian frame). The hypothesis of this study is that growth and decay is more predictable in mountainous regions, which represent a potential source of practical predictability by machine learning methods. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed to learn the complex nonlinear dependence relating the growth and decay to the input predictors, which are geographical location, mesoscale motion vectors, freezing level height, and time of the day. The average long-term growth and decay patterns are effectively reproduced by the ANN, which allows exploring their climatology for any combination of predictors. Due to the low intrinsic predictability of growth and decay, its prediction in real time is more challenging, but is substantially improved when adding persistence information to the predictors, more precisely the growth and decay and precipitation intensity in the immediate past. The improvement is considerable in mountainous regions, where, depending on flow direction, the root-mean-square error of ANN predictions can be 20%–30% lower compared with persistence. Because large uncertainty is associated with precipitation forecasting, deterministic machine learning predictions should be coupled with a model for the predictive uncertainty. Therefore, we consider a probabilistic perspective by estimating prediction intervals based on a combination of quantile decision trees and ANNs. The probabilistic framework is an attempt to address the problem of conditional bias, which often characterizes deterministic machine learning predictions obtained by error minimization.
Influence of tip leakage flow and inlet distortion flow on a mixed-flow pump with different tip clearances within the stall condition
Authors: Ji Leilei , Li Wei , Shi Weidong
Published: July 2019

In order to investigate the effect of impeller tip clearance on internal flow fields and the rotating stall inception impacted by tip leakage vortex and inlet unsteady flow in a mixed-flow pump, mixed-flow pump models with tip clearances of 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1.1 mm were numerically calculated, and then the energy performance curves and internal flow structures were obtained and compared. The results show that the pump efficiency and the internal flow fields of numerical calculation are in good agreement with experimental results at design flow rate and near-stall condition. A portion of the positive slope segment appears in the energy performance curves under different tip clearances. The lowest head of the mixed-flow pump in the positive slope region decreases with the increase of the tip clearance while the highest head shows an opposite situation indicating that mixed-flow pumps are easier to stall under small tip clearance. At the design flow rate condition, the tip leakage vortex is relatively stable under different tip clearances and appears as a “snail shell” shape, whereas in rotating stall conditions, the “snail shell” shape disappear and the tip leakage flow on blade front forms a “flat” vortex structure. The inlet swirl flow not only affects the tip leakage flow in rotating stall conditions under different tip clearances, but also blocks the fluid from the inlet pipe. Under the circumstance of the same tip clearance, the main frequency amplitude of pressure pulsation coefficient gradually shifts away from blade passing frequency (96.67 Hz) to the axial frequency (24.17 Hz) when the pump operates in the stall condition.
Applications and Considerations of GToTree: A User-Friendly Workflow for Phylogenomics
Authors: Lee Michael D
Published: July 2019

Phylogenomics is the practice of attempting to infer evolutionary relationships at a genome-level. This is becoming a standard step in the characterization of newly recovered genomes and to direct/constrain further research; yet the process from start to finish of building a de novo phylogenomic tree that is specific to the organisms of interest can still be computationally intractable for many biologists. GToTree is a recently published user-friendly workflow for phylogenomics intended to give more researchers the capability to generate phylogenomic trees to help guide their work. This commentary describes two common applications where GToTree can be helpful and then discusses some things to consider when using the program.
IoT-based personal thermal comfort control for livable environment
Authors: Zang Miao , Xing Zhiqiang , Tan Yingqi
Published: July 2019

Thermal comfort control for indoor environment has become an important issue in smart cities since it is beneficial for people’s health and helps to maximize their working productivity and to provide a livable environment. In this article, we present an Internet of things–based personal thermal comfort model with automatic regulation. This model employs some environment sensors such as temperature sensor and humidity sensor to continuously obtain the general environmental measurements. Specially, video cameras are also integrated into the Internet of things network of sensors to capture the individual’s activity and clothing condition, which are important factors affecting one’s thermal sensation. The individual’s condition image can be mapped into different metabolic rates and different clothing insulations by machine learning classification algorithm. Then, all the captured or converted data are fed into a predicted mean vote model to learn the individual’s thermal comfort level. In the prediction stage, we introduce the cuckoo search algorithm, which converges rapidly, to solve the air temperature and air velocity with the learnt thermal comfort level. Our experiments demonstrate that the metabolic rates and clothing insulation have great effect on personal thermal comfort, and our model with video capture helps to obtain the variant values regularly, thus maintains the individual’s thermal comfort balance in spite of the variations in individual’s activity or clothing.
Limited Open Achilles Tendon Repair in Supine Position With Modified Ring Forceps: A Technique Tip
Authors: O’Donnell Seth W. , Velasco Brian , Whitehouse Brianna , Kwon John Y. , Miller Christopher P.
Published: July 2019

We present a modification to prior Achilles tendon repair techniques that utilizes readily available noncommercial instrumentation, mini-open incisions, and supine positioning, thus maximizing surgical efficiencies and reducing complications. In our experience, this is a safe and effective technique that minimizes anesthetic requirements and operating room time.

Levels of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion
Genetic determinants of VWF clearance and FVIII binding modify FVIII pharmacokinetics in pediatric hemophilia A patients
Authors: Swystun Laura L. , Ogiwara Kenichi , Rawley Orla , Brown Christine , Georgescu Ilinca , Hopman Wilma , Labarque Veerle , Male Christoph , Thom Katharina , Blanchette Victor S. , Carcao Manuel D. , Lillicrap David
Published: July 2019

Factor VIII (FVIII) pharmacokinetic (PK) properties show high interpatient variability in hemophilia A patients. Although previous studies have determined that age, body mass index, von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) levels, and ABO blood group status can influence FVIII PK, they do not account for all observed variability. In this study, we aim to describe the genetic determinants that modify the FVIII PK profile in a population of 43 pediatric hemophilia A patients. We observed that VWF:Ag and VWF propeptide (VWFpp)/VWF:Ag, but not VWFpp, were associated with FVIII half-life. VWFpp/VWF:Ag negatively correlated with FVIII half-life in patients with non-O blood type, but no correlation was observed for type O patients, suggesting that von Willebrand factor (VWF) half-life, as modified by the ABO blood group, is a strong regulator of FVIII PK. The FVIII-binding activity of VWF positively correlated with FVIII half-life, and the rare or low-frequency nonsynonymous VWF variants p.(Arg826Lys) and p.(Arg852Glu) were identified in patients with reduced VWF:FVIIIB but not VWF:Ag. Common variants at the VWF, CLEC4M, and STAB2 loci, which have been previously associated with plasma levels of VWF and FVIII, were associated with the FVIII PK profile. Together, these studies characterize the mechanistic basis by which VWF clearance and ABO glycosylation modify FVIII PK in a pediatric population. Moreover, this study is the first to identify non-VWF and non-ABO variants that modify FVIII PK in pediatric hemophilia A patients.
Differences in Steap3 expression are a mechanism of genetic variation of RBC storage and oxidative damage in mice
Authors: Howie Heather L. , Hay Ariel M. , de Wolski Karen , Waterman Hayley , Lebedev Jenna , Fu Xiaoyun , Culp-Hill Rachel , D’Alessandro Angelo , Gorham James D. , Ranson Matthew S. , Roback John D. , Thomson Peter C. , Zimring James C.
Published: July 2019

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most numerous cell type in the body and serve a vital purpose of delivering oxygen to essentially all tissues. In addition to the central role of RBCs in health and disease, RBC storage is a requirement for the >90 million units of RBC transfusions given to millions of recipients each year, worldwide. It is well known that there is genetic donor-to-donor variability in how human RBCs store, rendering blood a nonstandardized therapeutic with a wide range of biological properties from unit to unit, by the time it is transfused. As with humans, genetic variation exists in how murine RBCs, from different strains of mice, store and perform after transfusion. The genetic mechanisms for variation, in humans and mice, both remain obscure. Combining advanced metabolomics, genetics, and molecular and cellular biology approaches, we identify genetic variation in six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (Steap3) expression as a critical and previously unrecognized mechanism of oxidative damage of RBCs during storage. Increased levels of Steap3 result in degradation of cellular membrane through lipid peroxidation, leading to failure of RBC homeostasis and hemolysis/clearance of RBCs. This article is the first report of a role of Steap3 in mature RBCs; it defines a new mechanism of redox biology in RBCs with a substantial effect upon RBC function and provides a novel mechanistic determinant of genetic variation of RBC storage.
Antenatal iron supplementation and birth weight in conditions of high exposure to infectious diseases
Authors: Verhoef Hans , Mwangi Martin N. , Cerami Carla , Prentice Andrew M.
Published: July 2019

Background

A recent cohort study among Papua New Guinean women surprisingly showed iron deficiency during pregnancy to be associated with increased birth weight. These findings seemingly contradict previous trial evidence that iron supplementation leads to increased birth weight, particularly in iron-deficient women, and hence require explanation.

Main text

We have re-analysed data from a previous trial in Kenya and demonstrated that, because women who were initially iron deficient respond better to iron supplementation, they show an increase in birthweight. There is evidence that this benefit is decreased in iron-replete women, possibly due to the adverse effects of haemoconcentration that can impair oxygen and nutrient transfer across the placenta. The Papua New Guinean results might be explained by a similar differential response to the iron supplements that they all received.

Conclusions

Antenatal iron supplementation should ideally be administered in conjunction with measures to prevent, diagnose and treat malaria given the propensity of pathogenic microorganisms to proliferate in iron-supplemented individuals. However, even where services to prevent and treat malaria are poor, current evidence supports the conclusion that the benefits of universal iron supplementation outweigh its risks.

Please see related article: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-018-1146-z.

Please see related article: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1376-8.
Rock physics of the Wolfcamp Formation, Delaware Basin
Authors: Sayers Colin M. , Dasgupta Sagnik , Koesoemadinata Adam , Shoemaker Michael
Published: July 2019

Production from wells in organic-rich shales often shows considerable lateral variation. Reliable predrill methods to characterize the lateral heterogeneity of such reservoirs are required to optimize the trajectory of lateral wells in these low-permeability reservoirs. Petrophysical interpretation of measured well logs provides information on mineral, porosity, and kerogen content. Combining the results of petrophysical analysis with P-wave, S-wave, and density logs allows generation of a probability density function (PDF) for each of the different significant lithofacies. The PDFs are applied to the P- and S-impedance from prestack seismic amplitude variation with offset inversion to predict the spatial variation in the distribution of lithofacies and associated probability for the Wolfcamp Formation in an area covered by a 3D seismic survey in the Delaware Basin, West Texas. An anisotropic rock-physics model for the Wolfcamp Formation allows the effect of complex mineralogy, organic carbon concentration, and porosity on the P- and S-impedance to be investigated. Kerogen inclusions and pores act to increase Thomsen’s anisotropy parameter [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text], and there is a competition between clay matrix anisotropy and inclusion shape anisotropy in determining the anisotropy of the rock. Inclusions with isotropic elastic properties act to decrease the anisotropy due to the dilution effect, but this decrease is partially offset by the increase in anisotropy due to the anisotropic shape of the inclusions. Application of the model to the determination of minimum horizontal stress indicates that kerogen-rich siliceous shales have the lowest value of minimum horizontal stress, whereas silica-rich calcareous shales, mixed siliceous shales, and clay-rich siliceous shales have higher values and may therefore act as barriers for the vertical growth of hydraulic fractures.
Context-dependent biosonar adjustments during active target approaches in echolocating harbour porpoises
Authors: Ladegaard Michael , Madsen Peter Teglberg
Published: July 2019

Echolocating mammals generally target individual prey items by transitioning through the biosonar phases of search (slow-rate, high-amplitude outputs), approach (gradually increasing rate and decreasing output amplitude) and buzzing (high-rate, low-amplitude outputs). The range to the main target of interest is often considered the key or sole driver of such biosonar adjustments of acoustic gaze. However, the actively-generated auditory scene of an echolocator is invariably comprised of a large number of other reflectors and noise sources that likely also impact the biosonar strategies and source parameters implemented by an echolocating animal in time and space. In toothed whales the importance of context on biosonar adjustments is largely unknown. To address this, we trained two harbour porpoises to actively approach the same sound recording target over the same approach distance in two highly different environments; a PVC-lined pool and a semi-natural net pen in a harbour, while blind-folded and wearing a sound recording tag (DTAG-4). We show that the approaching porpoises used considerably shorter interclick intervals (ICI) in the pool than in the net pen, except during the buzz phase where slightly longer ICIs were used in the pool. We further show that average click source levels were 4-7 dB higher in the net pen. Because of the very low-level in-band ambient noise in both environments, we posit that the porpoises adapted their echolocation strategy to the different reverberation levels between the two settings. We demonstrate that harbour porpoises use different echolocation strategies and biosonar parameters in two different environments for solving an otherwise identical target approach task and thus highlight that biosonar adjustments are both range and context-dependent.
Structure of Water and Silica in Ion Exchange Resins
Authors: Yamanaka Koji , Kawakami Masayuki , Kameda Yasuo , Nagasawa Akira
Published: July 2019

Dynamic and static structures of water sorbed in ion exchange resins have been investigated by 17O NMR and X-ray diffraction. Rotational motion of water molecules sorbed in ion exchange resins is significantly slowed according mainly to the amount of cross-linkage of polymer which decides the size of micropore surrounded by hydrophobic polymer networks, and not crucially affected by the difference of hydration properties of ion exchange groups. Static structure of water sorbed in anion exchange resin is revealed to be similar to that of pure water, which indicates a clathrate like structure enclosing a hydrophobic tetramethylammonium group. On the other hand the structure of water in cation exchange resin is quite different from that of pure water, but resembles the structure found in aqueous sulfuric acid solution, which is strongly influenced by the highly acidic atmosphere. The structure of silica adsorbed in anion exchange resin has also been observed by X-ray diffraction. Obtained radial distribution function is quite similar to that of bulk silica, which requires the existence of Si-O-Si interaction in quantitative analysis. The present results evidence that silica adsorption in anion exchange resin is not simple ion exchange but combined processes of ion exchange and micro silica gel growth.
Moral injury and the four pillars of bioethics
Authors: Heston Thomas F , Pahang Joshuel A
Published: July 2019

Health care providers experience moral injury when their internal ethics are violated. The routine and direct exposure to ethical violations makes clinicians particularly vulnerable to harm. The fundamental ethics in health care typically fall into the four broad categories of patient autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and social justice. Patients have a moral right to determine their own goals of medical care, that is, they have autonomy. When this principle is violated, moral injury occurs. Beneficence is the desire to help people, so when the delivery of proper medical care is obstructed for any reason, moral injury is the result. Nonmaleficence, meaning do no harm, has been a primary principle of medical ethics throughout recorded history. Yet today, even the most advanced and safest medical treatments all are associated with unavoidable, harmful side-effects. When an inevitable side-effect occurs, not only is the patient harmed, the clinician also suffers a moral injury. Social injustice results when patients experience suboptimal treatment due to their race, gender, religion, or other demographic variables. While moral injury occurs routinely in medical care and cannot be entirely eliminated, clinicians can decrease the prevalence of injury by advocating for the ethical treatment of patients, not only at the bedside, but also by addressing the ethics of political influence, governmental mandates, and administrative burdens on the delivery of optimal medical care. Although clinicians can strengthen their resistance to moral injury by deepening their own spiritual foundation, that is not enough. Improvements in the ethics of the healthcare system as a whole are necessary in order to improve medical care and decrease moral injury.
Mediating Role of Co-dependency on Age and Victimisation Experiences among Indian Employees
Authors: Bala Aruna , Devaiah Durga
Published: July 2019

The paper examines the co-dependency of employee work and victimisation in the workplace. The mediating role of employee co-dependency is investigated through the relationship between two variables, age and workplace victimisation. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between co-dependency and victimisation. In addition, co-dependency is found to be a mediator between age and victimisation. The paper concludes by arguing that instead of dealing with workplace harassment/bullying only through legal means, a preventive intervention targeting victimisation is more effective.
Em busca de um padrão: moda, beleza e vida social na obra de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo
Authors: De Paula Cintra Mariana
Published: July 2019

É consenso na historiografia que o século XIX inaugurou algumas transformações estruturais no Rio de Janeiro, cidade sede da corte. A abertura dos portos brasileiros às nações amigas, em 1808, possibilitou, dentre outros avanços, a circulação da palavra impressa naquela sociedade. A criação de uma imprensa nacional desempenhou um papel importante para a propagação de novas ideias, notícias e costumes vindos do estrangeiro. Inseridas nessa conjuntura, as damas abastadas começaram a se moldar segundo os padrões vindos, particularmente, da Europa. Tendo como documentação os primeiros romances nacionais publicados na capital brasileira da época, o presente artigo busca mapear as roupas e os ambientes sociais cariocas por meio das mocinhas de Macedo, analisando de que modo esses enredos forjaram um tipo de mulher ideal para a época.