bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media coverage of refugees and asylum seekers in regional Australia: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Cooper Samantha , Olejniczak Erin , Lenette Caroline , Smedley Charlotte
Published: September 2016

Despite significant research into media and political coverage of refugees and asylum seekers, and ongoing Commonwealth policies to resettle refugees to regional areas, analysis of the regional press is lacking. We reviewed articles from four regional newspapers using quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis to examine some initial trends in how regional newspapers represent refugees and asylum seekers. Despite the dominant negative framing of refugee issues at the national level, the regional media used positive, humanising frames and a broader range of sources in articles on local topics such as refugees’ personal stories. This reflects the community-building role of local journalism and challenges the familiar boundaries of the debate. However, there was a compelling distinction between articles on local and national topics, with the negative national discourse and dominance of government sources reflected in articles on national topics such as legislation and events.
Striving for influence
Authors: Hermansen Silje Synnøve Lyder
Published: September 2016

I consider how asymmetric information between the party selectorate and members of Parliament affects the renomination of incumbent candidates. By applying an adverse selection model, I argue that the selectorate looks to past performance to select candidates it expects will gain influence. However, the impact of performance varies according to the need for and availability of information. The European Parliament (EP) provides a most-likely case for information asymmetry. Studying three elections in 11 member states, I find that the allocation of influential positions in office improves chances of reselection. The effect increases when the allocation is more selective, and when the prior uncertainty around candidacies is high. The study thus proposes a new approach to the relationship between national parties and transnational groups in the EP. It also suggests venues for research on parliamentary politics and candidate selection in general.
The doxa of physical education teacher education – set in stone?
Authors: Larsson Lena , Linnér Susanne , Schenker Katarina
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we critically examine the potential of assessment components in physical education teacher education (PETE) to either reinforce or challenge PETE students’ conceptions of what a physical education (PE) teacher needs to know to teach this school subject. To understand the mechanisms that may contribute to the difficulty of challenging these taken-for-granted beliefs (doxa) within PETE, we draw on the theories and concepts of Pierre Bourdieu. Two different kinds of empirical material are analysed: one consists of 62 essays, written by PETE students before starting their degree programme, dealing with their conceptions of PE teachers’ competencies, while the second consists of course booklets and assessment components used within one PETE programme. The study shows that implicit prerequisites and conditions in assessment components are very similar to the conceptions of competencies in PETE students’ statements. The study also shows that taken-for-granted beliefs may be challenged, but at the same time, we argue, the use of socially critical perspectives in PE practice may also (in the name of the doxa) stigmatise those who are not physically active in their leisure time as well as those who do not look fit and sporty, and thus does not challenge the way power and social superiority or inferiority appear in PE.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a telerehabilitation approach to group adapted tango instruction for people with Parkinson disease
Authors: Seidler Katie J , Duncan Ryan P , McNeely Marie E , Hackney Madeleine E , Earhart Gammon M
Published: September 2016

People with Parkinson disease (PD) demonstrate improvements in motor function following group tango classes, but report long commutes as a barrier to participation. To increase access, we investigated a telerehabilitation approach to group tango instruction. Twenty-six people with mild-to-moderate PD were assigned based on commute distance to either the telerehabilitation group (Telerehab) or an in-person instruction group (In-person). Both groups followed the same twice-weekly, 12-week curriculum with the same instructor. Feasibility metrics were participant retention, attendance and adverse events. Outcomes assessed were balance, PD motor sign severity and gait. Participant retention was 85% in both groups. Attendance was 87% in the Telerehab group and 84% in the In-person group. No adverse events occurred. Balance and motor sign severity improved significantly over time ( p < 0.001) in both groups, with no significant group × time effects. Gait did not significantly change. Since a priori feasibility criteria were met or exceeded, and there were no notable outcome differences between the two instruction approaches, this pilot study suggests a telerehabilitation approach to group tango class for people with PD is feasible and may have similar outcomes to in-person instruction.
Physical health, community participation and schizophrenia
Authors: Patel Pooja , Frederick Tyler , Kidd Sean A
Published: September 2016

Our objective is to identify links between physical health and community participation among individuals with schizophrenia or a psychosis mental illness. Semi-structured qualitative and quantitative interviews and community tours were conducted over 10 months ( N = 30). Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory coding strategy. Physical health played an important role in community participation both as a cause and consequence. Key processes included mobility issues impeding physical community involvement; a multi-directional relationship between social relationships, community involvement, and physical health; identity as a mechanism linking physical health problems and community engagement; and the potential for community-based mental health programs.
Alcohol drinking patterns in young people: A survey-based study
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Lupi Matteo , Carlucci Leonardo , Santacroce Rita , Cinosi Eduardo , Acciavatti Tiziano , Sarchione Fabiola , Verrastro Valeria , Diotaiuti Pierluigi , Petruccelli Irene , Ferrari Silvia , Nanni Maria G , Pinna Federica , Volpe Umberto , Saggino Aristide , Janiri Luigi , Leggio Lorenzo , Di Giannantonio Massimo
Published: September 2016

Binge drinking represents a major clinical and public health concern. Here, we investigated the prevalence of binge drinking and its related consequences, in a population of young adults. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 4275 healthy subjects. In the overall sample, the percentage of binge drinkers was 67.6 per cent; among regular alcohol users, 79.5 per cent reported episodes of binge drinking. Among binge drinkers, several serious consequences were identified (staggering and stuttering, amnesia, loss of control, aggressiveness, sexual disinhibition). Raising awareness about the seriousness of binge drinking may help health care providers to identify cases early on and provide appropriate treatments.
Music-assisted relaxation during transition to non-invasive ventilation in people with motor neuron disease: A qualitative case series
Authors: Davies Rebecca , Baker Felicity A , Tamplin Jeanette , Bajo Eleanor , Bolger Karen , Sheers Nicole , Berlowitz David
Published: September 2016

For individuals with motor neuron disease, the transition to using non-invasive ventilation has a number of associated stressors, which can negatively impact adherence to ventilation and its benefits to quality of life. Music listening interventions have been linked with a reduction in anxiety and physiological stress responses in mechanically ventilated patients. This article presents four case studies from a feasibility study that investigated the experience and effect of a music-assisted relaxation intervention on anxiety, quality of life, and non-invasive ventilation use during the first 3 months of using non-invasive ventilation. The experiences of these four participants demonstrated how music-assisted relaxation served to distract from non-invasive ventilation and promote relaxation, indicating that for some, music-assisted relaxation could be a useful strategy to optimize their non-invasive ventilation experience. Early music therapy intervention in motor neuron disease progression could be beneficial to address obstacles faced by one participant in using music-assisted relaxation.
Kanner, Asperger, and Frankl: A third man at the genesis of the autism diagnosis
Authors: Robison John E
Published: September 2016

Scholars have long speculated about how Kanner and Asperger’s descriptions of autistic behavior appeared just 1 year apart in America and Austria even as World War II had severed communication between the two countries. Both conspiracy and serendipity have been alleged, but a simpler explanation has now emerged. Autistic knowledge crossed the Atlantic with Georg Frankl—a previously unrecognized “man in the middle” who followed his fiancé to America. The evidence presented here fills in many blanks and suggests both Kanner and Asperger benefited from Frankl’s insight. He was a guiding force for both men: unseen until now because he left very little in the way of published papers. To the end of their lives, Kanner and Asperger described their conditions as separate and distinct. Today, they are both part of the Autism Spectrum in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). This article explains how and why Kanner and Asperger saw their descriptions as different. It makes the case that Georg Frankl helped both men see autism as we know it today and first saw the breadth of that continuum.
Temperature effect on service performance of high-speed railway concrete bridges
Authors: Tian Y , Zhang N , Xia H
Published: September 2016

Non-uniform temperature fields induced by time-varying solar position and heat exchange are of great significance for the bridge safety. The accurate identifications of these changes are necessary to avoid unexpected deformations and the loss of service performance. This article presents a numerical approach to determine temperature effects on train–bridge-coupled dynamics. Heat flux density of different components of a 32-m simply supported concrete bridge on high-speed railway is calculated, in which a section segmentation method is adopted for simplifications of boundary conditions. Based on heat–stress-coupled technology, temperature fields and deformation fields of the bridge are then computed via finite element analysis. Combining track irregularities and its thermal deformation as external excitations, the train–bridge-coupled analysis is solved by an inter-system iteration method. Dynamic responses of bridge and train are compared to those obtained neglecting the temperature effect. Comparative studies illustrate that temperature effect has major impacts on the bridge displacement due to the increase in low-frequency components of excitations. For the train, lateral responses are more obvious. Maximum derail factor and lateral wheel–rail force occur when the train leaves from the bridge.
Citizen engagement in peacebuilding: A communication for development approach to rebuilding peace from the bottom-up
Authors: Baú Valentina
Published: September 2016

By unearthing the connections between the literatures on participatory communication and civic engagement with the reality of postconflict peace, this article demonstrates how a communication for development (C4D) approach to engaging citizens in peacebuilding contributes to strengthening the reconstruction process at the end of the violence, while engendering a bottom up process based on dialogue and inclusivity. After offering a brief overview of the peacebuilding contexts, this article presents a theoretical discussion that brings to the surface not only the role of C4D in facilitating citizens participation in government decision making, but also its significance in creating an inclusive peacebuilding process that starts from the community. At the same time, this discussion begins to shed light on the relationship between communication for development and participatory governance.
egoComp: A node-link-based technique for visual comparison of ego-networks
Authors: Liu Dongyu , Guo Fangzhou , Deng Bowen , Qu Huamin , Wu Yingcai
Published: September 2016

Analysis of ego-networks is a critical research problem when analyzing large-scale social networks, as an ego-network represents the social circle a person actually contacts with. One of the core tasks in ego-network analysis is visual comparison, which includes edge comparison and node comparison. Although various works have been done to support comparing normal networks and ego-networks, intuitive node comparison of two ego-networks is still challenging. In this article, we propose egoComp, an intuitive and expressive visualization technique, to analyze the node difference between two ego-networks. To preserve the latent structure of ego-network and lay emphasis on intuitiveness, our design is node-link-based (radial tree layout) and uses a side-by-side method to compare ego-networks. We design a novel storyflow-like graph layout to reveal the relationship of two ego-networks at the individual node level. Furthermore, three different layout algorithms, including origin, greedy, and assignment algorithms, are proposed to meet different user requirements. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through case studies and a user study and then discuss the limitations thoroughly as well as the possible solutions and potential future work.
Embedding DBT Skills Training Within a Transactional-Ecological Framework to Reduce Suicidality in a Navajo Adolescent Female
Authors: Kohrt Brieanne K. , Lincoln Tory M. , Brambila Artemio D.
Published: September 2016

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth have higher rates of suicidality than any other ethnic or cultural group in the United States. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment that has been found to reduce suicidality in adolescents, but there is little literature speaking to its efficacy with the AI/AN population. The transactional-ecological model of suicidality helps identify protective factors that can be bolstered at the individual, familial, community, and spiritual levels to reduce suicidality and suicidal contagion in AI/AN youth. The current study examines a case where DBT was culturally adapted and embedded within a transactional-ecological framework to treat a 14-year-old Navajo female with Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features who presented to a psychiatric inpatient facility following a suicide attempt. The patient’s wish to die was motivated by her belief that her death could lead to positive changes in an extended family system plagued by historical trauma, alcoholism, suicide, and domestic violence. Ongoing assessment was conducted using the Suicide Status Form (SSF), Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Reasons for Living Scale for Adolescents (RFL-A), and the DBT diary card. Navajo healing traditions were used in conjunction with DBT skills training and enhancement of ecological protective factors. Initial reduction in depression and suicidality was complicated by an increase in homicidal ideation. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation was completed, and treatment was modified through medication changes, increased mindfulness practice, bolstering support systems, and engagement in a Navajo healing ceremony. Implications for clinicians treating suicidality in Navajo youth are discussed.
Institutional Cost of Unplanned 30-Day Readmission Following Open and Endovascular Surgery
Authors: Gracon Adam S. A. , Liang Tiffany W. , Easterday Thomas S. , Weber Daniel J. , Butler James , Slaven James E. , Lemmon Gary W. , Motaganahalli Raghu L.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Vascular surgical patients have a high rate of readmission, and the cost of readmission for these patients has not been described. Herein, we characterize and compare institutional index hospitalization and 30-day readmission cost following open and endovascular vascular procedures.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify inpatient open and endovascular procedures at a single institution, from January 2011 through June 2012. Variable and fixed costs for index hospitalization and unplanned 30-day readmissions were obtained using SAP BusinessObjects. Patient characteristics and outcome variables were analyzed using Student t tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric tests for continuous variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.

Results:

One thousand twenty-six inpatient procedures were included in the analysis. There were 605 (59%) open and 421 (41%) endovascular procedures with a 30-day unplanned readmission rate of 16.9% and 17.8%, respectively ( P = .679). The mean index hospitalization costs for open and endovascular procedures were US$27 653 and US$23 999, respectively ( P = .146). The mean costs for 30-day unplanned readmission for open and endovascular procedures were US$19 117 and US$17 887, respectively ( P = .635). Among open procedures, the mean cost for patients not readmitted was US$28 321 compared to US$31 115 for those readmitted ( P = .003). Among endovascular procedures, the mean cost for patients not readmitted was US$26 908 compared to US$32 262 for those readmitted ( P = .028).

Conclusion:

The cost of index hospitalization and 30-day unplanned readmission are similar for open and endovascular procedures. Readmitted patients had a higher mean index hospitalization cost irrespective of open or endovascular procedure.
Comparative Outcomes of Ultrasound-Assisted Thrombolysis and Standard Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Liang Nathan L. , Avgerinos Efthymios D. , Marone Luke K. , Singh Michael J. , Makaroun Michel S. , Chaer Rabih A.
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT) and standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods:

The records of all patients in our institution having undergone CDT or USAT for massive or submassive PE from 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Standard statistical methods were used to compare characteristics and to assess for longitudinal change in outcomes.

Results:

Sixty-three patients, 27 CDT and 36 USAT, were treated for massive (12.7%) or submassive (87.3%) PE. Of which, 96.8% were treated for bilateral PE. Baseline patient characteristics did not differ between the 2 treatment groups. There was no difference in total dose of lytic administered (CDT: 23.2 ± 13.7 mg; USAT: 27.5 ± 12.9 mg; P = .2). Two patients in the CDT and 1 in the USAT groups required conversion to surgical thrombectomy (CDT: 7.4%; USAT: 2.8%; P = .6). Rates of major and minor bleeding complications (CDT: 11.0%; USAT: 13.9%; P = .8) did not differ significantly between the CDT and USAT groups. Estimated survival at 90 days was 92% for CDT and 93% for USAT and 82% at 1 year for both groups ( P = .8). All echocardiographic parameters improved significantly from baseline to 1-year follow-up, but quantitative improvement did not differ between groups.

Conclusion:

This study suggests no statistical differences in clinical and hemodynamic outcomes or procedural complication rates between USAT and standard CDT for the treatment of acute PE. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate comparative and cost-effectiveness of different interventions for acute massive and submassive PE.
Multilevel control of an anthropomorphic prosthetic hand for grasp and slip prevention
Authors: Barone Roberto , Ciancio Anna Lisa , Romeo Rocco Antonio , Davalli Angelo , Sacchetti Rinaldo , Guglielmelli Eugenio , Zollo Loredana
Published: September 2016

The success of grasping and manipulation tasks of commercial prosthetic hands is mainly related to amputee visual feedback since they are not provided either with tactile sensors or with sophisticated control. As a consequence, slippage and object falls often occur. This article wants to address the specific issue of enhancing grasping and manipulation capabilities of existing prosthetic hands, by changing the control strategy. For this purpose, it proposes a multilevel control based on two distinct levels consisting of (1) a policy search learning algorithm combined with central pattern generators in the higher level and (2) a parallel force/position control managing slippage events in the lower level. The control has been tested on an anthropomorphic robotic hand with prosthetic features (the IH2 hand) equipped with force sensors. Bi-digital and tri-digital grasping tasks with and without slip information have been carried out. The KUKA-LWR has been employed to perturb the grasp stability inducing controlled slip events. The acquired data demonstrate that the proposed control has the potential to adapt to changes in the environment and guarantees grasp stability, by avoiding object fall thanks to prompt slippage event detection.
Application of genetic algorithm to multilateration measurement of the volumetric error in machine tools
Authors: Wang Haitong , Cai Yonglin , Li Tiemin , Wang Liping , Li Fengchun
Published: September 2016

The multilateration measurement with laser tracker has become a popular method for measuring the volumetric error of machine tools, owing to its advantages of high efficiency and large measurement range. However, the main problem for the multilateration measurement is that its identification accuracy is unsteady. As the identification accuracy is greatly influenced by the laser tracker positioning, in this article, we aim to optimize the positions of the laser trackers and conduct the optimization based on the genetic algorithm to solve this problem. In order to ensure the feasibility of the optimized measurement system, the position of the laser tracker is constrained by the range of viewing angle of the reflector and the practical measurement environment. Compared to the measurement systems with different laser tracker positioning, the optimized measurement system achieves the best identification accuracy both in the simulation and in the experiment.
Experimental studying multi-impact phenomena exhibited during the collision of a sphere onto a steel beam
Authors: Qi Xiaoli , Yin Xiaochun
Published: September 2016

The impact of sphere against the beam is one of the basic impact problems in flexible mechanical dynamics. A flexible steel beam supported at the two ends struck by a steel sphere was tested in this article. Multiple sub-impacts were observed during the falling impact process of the steel sphere. The test contact–impact durations of the sub-impacts were compared with that of the theoretic results derived from the Hertz contact law. It is confirmed that the Hertz contact law is still suitable to estimate the impact–contact duration of the first sub-impact. The difference between the test impact–contact durations of the subsequent sub-impacts and that of the theoretic results was explained theoretically by a revised impact theory in consideration of beam’s vibration. The occurrence reason of the sub-impact was systematically discussed. It is concluded in this investigation that the sub-impacts are dominated by local contact–impact deformation, but influenced obviously by the global vibration of the flexible structure. When the sub-impacts occur, the coefficient of restitution shows strong uncertainty.
Sensitivity analysis of suspension parameters on dynamic performance of a rail vehicle based on a virtual prototype response surface method model
Authors: Xie Huan , Zeng Wei , Lin Guo-min
Published: September 2016

In order to enhance the pertinency of suspension parameters optimization for a rail vehicle, this research intends to reveal the influence rule of suspension parameters on dynamic performance using sensitivity analysis method based on a virtual prototype response surface method model. Dynamic indexes in different combinations of suspension parameters are simulated using the virtual prototype, which is established using SIMPACK based on a multi-body dynamic model. And the response surface method models of dynamic indexes are constructed with the training samples, which are composed of the simulated dynamic indexes and the corresponding suspension parameters. The sensitivity analysis method is presented, taking a derivative with respect to the response surface method model. Then, the sensitivity analysis results of suspension parameters on dynamic performance of a rail vehicle are obtained in less computation time using the presented sensitivity analysis method. The results indicate that different suspension parameters affect different dynamic indexes of a rail vehicle, and there is a mutual coupling between the lateral stability, derailment coefficient, and wheel reduction rate.
A scoping review of what is known of the physical health of adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cashin Andrew , Buckley Thomas , Trollor Julian N , Lennox Nicholas
Published: September 2016

Little research has been carried out on the physical health of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). From the studies conducted with both children and adults, few studies have moved beyond retrospective record analysis and survey and conducted health assessment. The majority of the studies are from the United States of America with a small number conducted in Europe. A scoping review was conducted to determine what is known of the physical health of adults with ASD and to identify research gaps. In addition to studies of adults, this review includes studies of children to determine possible health trajectories. From the findings, it can be stated with confidence that people with ASD have a high rate of comorbidity and increased risk for chronic disease.
Moyamoya vasculopathy – Patient demographics and characteristics in the Finnish population
Authors: Saarela Marika , Mustanoja Satu , Pekkola Johanna , Tyni Tiina , Hernesniemi Juha , Kivipelto Leena , Tatlisumak Turgut
Published: September 2016

Background and purpose

Moyamoya vasculopathy, a rare steno-occlusive progressive cerebrovascular disorder, has not been thoroughly studied in Caucasian populations. We established a registry of Finnish patients treated at the Helsinki University Hospital, to collect and report demographic and clinical data.

Methods

We collected data both retrospectively and prospectively from all the patients with a moyamoya vasculopathy referred to our hospital between January 1987 and December 2014. All patients underwent a neurological outpatient clinic visit.

Results

We diagnosed 61 patients (50 females, 10 children) with moyamoya vasculopathy. The mean age at the disease-onset was 31.5 ± 17.9 years. The two most common presenting symptoms were ischemic stroke (n = 31) and hemorrhage (n = 8). Forty-four percent underwent revascularization surgery, and 70% were prescribed antithrombotic treatment.

Conclusions

The results support in part the Western phenotype of the disease considering the later presentation and larger female predominance compared to the Asian moyamoya vasculopathy reports. However, the proportion of ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes is closer to Japanese population than German population. The absence of familial cases points to a different genetic profile in the Finnish patients.
The synthetic antimicrobial peptide 19-2.5 attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes stimulated with human sepsis serum
Authors: Martin Lukas , Peters Carsten , Heinbockel Lena , Moellmann Julia , Martincuks Antons , Brandenburg Klaus , Lehrke Michael , Müller-Newen Gerhard , Marx Gernot , Schuerholz Tobias
Published: September 2016

Septic cardiomyopathy affects up to 70% of patients with septic shock and the derangement of cardiac mitochondrial function contributes to the likelihood of death. However, at present, there is no specific therapeutic drug available. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) modulate members of the PPARs, which regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the heart. This study investigated the potential of the newly developed synthetic antimicrobial peptide 19-2.5 (Pep2.5) to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in murine cardiomyocytes stimulated with serum from septic shock patients. Pep2.5 treatment attenuated the suppression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ ( P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0001, respectively) and PGC-1α/β ( P = 0.0008 and P = 0.0147, respectively) in cardiomyocytes stimulated with serum from septic shock patients compared with untreated cells. Pep2.5 treatment enhanced the mitochondrial maximum respiration ( P < 0.0001), increased cellular ATP levels ( P < 0.0001) and reduced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Thus, the administration of Pep2.5 may have the potential as a promising therapeutic approach in septic cardiomyopathy by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in the septic heart.
Hand impairment and functional ability: A matched case comparison study between people with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls
Authors: Packer Melissa , Williams Mark , Samuel Dinesh , Adams Jo
Published: September 2016

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare hand impairment and function in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and matched healthy participants.

Methods

A matched case comparison research design comparing hand impairment and functional ability between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy participants (males or females, aged ≥ 50 years). Functional ability was assessed using the Michigan Hand Questionnaire, power and pinch grip strength and the nine-hole peg test.

Results

A total of 100 participants (50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 50 matched healthy participants) were recruited. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis reported significantly lower overall hand function, activities of daily living, work, aesthetics, satisfaction ( p < 0.001) and significantly higher pain scores when compared with healthy controls. The patients with rheumatoid arthritis had significantly lower maximum power and pinch grip strength in both left and right hands ( p < 0.001) when compared with healthy controls. The rheumatoid arthritis group took significantly longer to complete the nine-hole peg test using both right and left hands compared with healthy controls ( p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, in rheumatoid arthritis patients, a significant moderate, positive correlation between power grip strength and activities of daily living (r = 0.584, n = 50, p < 0.01) and a weak-to-moderate, significant negative correlation between power grip strength and pain (r = −0.314, n = 50, p < 0.05) were reported.

Conclusion

Despite the recent substantial improvement of drug therapy and disease control, the functional impact of rheumatoid arthritis on hand pain and function remains significant.
Interpreting the Media Logic behind Editorial Decisions
Authors: Cushion Stephen , Thomas Richard , Kilby Allaina , Morani Marina , Sambrook Richard
Published: September 2016

This article enters into debates about media logic in political coverage by way of a case study of the 2015 U.K. General Election. We quantitatively and qualitatively examine two dominant themes of coverage—news about campaign rallies and horse-race reporting—as both are widely seen in political communication scholarship as symptomatic of a media logic. We draw on a content analysis of BBC, ITV, Sky News, Channel 4, and Channel 5 U.K. national television newscasts and semi-structured interviews with their heads of news and/or senior editors to help interpret how far a media logic was the editorial driving force behind coverage. At face value, our content analysis appears to support the media logic thesis, with all broadcasters—in particular commercial television newscasts—covering more process than policy issues. But our case study questions the antecedents of media logic and shines a light on a political logic that may have remained in the dark in large-scale content analysis studies. In following a political logic, we argue that this promoted the horse-race narrative, and naturalized the parties’ highly stage-managed rallies and walkabouts.
Day-To-Day Affect is Surprisingly Stable
Authors: Hudson Nathan W. , Lucas Richard E. , Donnellan M. Brent
Published: September 2016

Previous research suggests global assessments of cognitive well-being—life satisfaction—are relatively stable over time. Far fewer studies have examined the extent to which experiential measures of affective well-being—the moods/emotions people regularly experience—are stable, especially over extended periods of time. The present study used longitudinal data from a representative sample of Germans to investigate the long-term stability of different components of well-being. Participants provided global ratings of life satisfaction and affect, along with experiential measures of well-being up to 3 times over 2 years. Results indicated between one-third and one half of the variance in people’s daily affect was attributable to trait-like latent variables. Replicating meta-analytic findings, 50% of the variance in global measures of well-being was attributable to trait-like latent variables.
The Positive Effects of Status Conflicts in Teams Where Members Perceive Status Hierarchies Differently
Authors: Bendersky Corinne , Hays Nicholas A.
Published: September 2016

Status conflicts, conflicts about members’ relative positions in a team’s status hierarchy, generally harm group performance. We integrate research on status conflicts and social information processing and find in two longitudinal survey studies that the disruptive effects of status conflicts depend on the extent to which members agree about the group’s status hierarchy. Specifically, status conflicts in teams with high-status agreement disrupt team performance by producing lower status agreement after the conflict. Status conflicts that occur in teams with low-status agreement, however, benefit performance by helping members clarify the hierarchy, leading to higher subsequent status agreement. In a third study, we examine how status conflict and status agreement interactively impact teams’ use of task-relevant cues to assign status. By contextualizing status conflicts in terms of the teams’ status agreement, we identify conditions in which the dysfunctional effects of status conflicts counterintuitively enhance team performance.
Canon and Biblical Text in the Slavonic Tradition in Russia
Authors: de Regt Lénart J.
Published: September 2016

In order to gain a better understanding of the situation in Russia with regard to biblical canon and biblical text, particularly in the Russian Orthodox Church, this article reflects on the notion of non-canonical books, the role of tradition and its roots in the development of the canon in early Eastern Christianity, as well as the Russian Orthodox Church’s acceptance of multiple authoritative versions of biblical books. This is followed by a brief discussion of the Slavonic Bible and the Russian Synodal Translation, particularly their sometimes hybrid textual base. The article closes with some thoughts on what this complex situation might mean for Bible translation projects in Orthodox contexts in Russia.
The Septuagint as Canon
Authors: Crisp Simon
Published: September 2016

The term “Septuagint” refers to a lengthy process by which individual books of the Hebrew Bible were translated into Greek, together with the inclusion of a few books originally composed in Greek. It only took on the form of a more or less fixed corpus much later. In the same way, this collection of books in Greek acquired authoritative status for its users over a period of time; notions of formal or institutional canonicity came only at a considerably later date, and in a Christian rather than a Jewish context. This article summarizes the processes by which the Greek translation was made and traces the way in which this corpus gradually acquired authoritative and then canonical status. Some practical implications for Bible Societies’ translation policies are also presented.
The Canonization Process of the Masoretic Text
Authors: Sipilä Seppo
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the process that gave canonical status to the Masoretic Text. The discussion will start from the present reality and continue backwards. Because the Masoretic Text is a creation of rabbinic Judaism and because the rabbis did discuss the status of various books within the Masoretic Text, this article will argue for a late dating both of the text as a collection and of its canonization. However, within Christian canons, the Masoretic Text acts as a canonical text in a limited way, in the sense that it is only a part of those canons. Besides, there is no moment in history where any authority declared the Masoretic Text canonical. Therefore, it is nowadays widely accepted as a canonical text, but without authorization.
The Accretion of Canons in and around Qumran
Authors: Warren-Rothlin Andy
Published: September 2016

There is no evidence for a closed OT canon before A.D. 70. Our various sources indicate a high degree of fluidity and gradual accretion, closely related to politico-historical developments and the exigencies of new religious communities. The text collection of one such community, near Qumran, can be investigated for the comparative rating of biblical books, including those in the Tanakh as we know it, others which may have had ambiguous status, and a number of different types of Scripture-based works. This picture may serve to relativize modern Christian conceptions of canon where they have been based on accidents of history such as the language in which texts have been available or the media in which they have been transmitted. As a result, the Bible Societies may need to engage with a wider range of concepts of canon.
The Canon in the Vulgate Translation of the Bible
Authors: Kerber Daniel
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the development of the Vulgate translation of the Bible and the correlative discussion about the canon, particularly the Old Testament canon, since there were no major disputes over the New Testament books in the days of the Reformation. The New Testament canon was fixed, for the most part, during the fourth to fifth centuries. Special attention will be given to the fourth session of the Council of Trent, where the two decrees regarding the Vulgate were issued.
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Canon of the Scriptures: Neither Open nor Closed
Authors: Asale Bruk A.
Published: September 2016

Traditionally, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) holds that its canon of the Scriptures comprises eighty-one books of the Old and New Testaments. However, which books comprise this list remains obscure and the very little research executed so far on the topic is both insufficient and misleading. This paper critically investigates if there has ever been a closed canon in the EOTC. It further critically engages with the notion and concept of the term “canon” and/or the Scripture(s). The theoretical framework applicable to this study is a history of reception approach as the study focuses on the history of reception, collection, translation, and transmission of the Scriptures in the Ethiopian Church. Methodologically, this study applies both library readings and fieldwork and the main tool employed in collecting data is qualitative interviews. In addition, insights from Ethiopian literature that have been neglected or that were earlier inaccessible are used. Finally, the study tries to prove that not only the canon of the EOTC, but also its concept in this church is very loose; it is possible to conclude that the canon of the EOTC is neither open nor closed.
The Reformation Canon and the Development of Biblical Scholarship
Authors: de Lang Marijke H.
Published: September 2016

This paper argues that the well-intended attention of humanist and Reformation scholars to the original languages of the Bible also had its downside, especially for study of the New Testament. Although the revival of Greek and Hebrew studies in itself was a positive development, together with the promotion of a Hebrew canon and the notion of sola scriptura, the hermeneutical horizon of the New Testament was limited to a Hebrew canon and a Semitic context. The New Testament was separated from its original Hellenistic-Jewish Greek environment, and was explained from a background to which it never really belonged.
Intercultural Construction of the New Testament Canons
Authors: Loba Mkole Jean-Claude
Published: September 2016

The aim of this paper is to discuss NT canons, using an intercultural method in dialogue with historical and canonical approaches. While focusing on NT canons, this study presumes that a Christian Bible is made of two sub-collections, the Old or First Testament and the New or Second Testament. It also assumes that each of the two sections may have canonical and non-canonical books, but not deuterocanonical books, suggesting that the term “deuterocanonical” is inappropriate for designating books that faith communities regard as either canonical or non-canonical.
“A Quintessentially American Thing?”
Authors: Narisada Atsushi , Schieman Scott
Published: September 2016

A popular image of Americans is that they are among the most individualistic people on the planet. This long-standing myth has informed theorizing about the sense of control and its relevance for stress and mental health. Prior claims have suggested that differences based on individualistic and collectivistic values contribute to group differences in the sense of control. We analyze data from the World Values Survey to test this hypothesis, focusing on a comparison of Americans and individuals in East Asian societies. Findings demonstrate that Asians report lower perceived control than Americans—but adjustments for individualistic values do not explain these differences. The positive association between individualistic values and perceived control is stronger among Asians compared to Americans. Perceived control is associated most strongly with subjective well-being for Americans, but individualistic values do not explain the differences. Our observations question claims that Americans gain more from individualistic values while Asians are sanctioned for them. Given its significance for stress and mental health, it is essential to document social patterns in the levels and effects of perceived control. We contribute to that effort by uncovering unexpected patterns that challenge the claim that individualistic values—and their benefits for control—are a quintessentially American thing.
Fetal-Type Variants of the Posterior Cerebral Artery and Concurrent Infarction in the Major Arterial Territories of the Cerebral Hemisphere
Authors: Lambert Stephen L. , Williams Frank J. , Oganisyan Zhora Z. , Branch Lionel A. , Mader Edward C.
Published: September 2016

Fetal-type or fetal posterior cerebral artery (FPCA) is a variant of cerebrovascular anatomy in which the distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory is perfused by a branch of the internal carotid artery (ICA). In the presence of FPCA, thromboembolism in the anterior circulation may result in paradoxical PCA territory infarction with or without concomitant infarction in the territories of the middle (MCA) or the anterior (ACA) cerebral artery. We describe 2 cases of FPCA and concurrent acute infarction in the PCA and ICA territories—right PCA and MCA in Patient 1 and left PCA, MCA, and ACA in Patient 2. Noninvasive angiography detected a left FPCA in both patients. While FPCA was clearly the mechanism of paradoxical infarction in Patient 2, it turned out to be an incidental finding in Patient 1 when evidence of a classic right PCA was uncovered from an old computed tomography scan image. Differences in anatomical details of the FPCA in each patient suggest that the 2 FPCAs are developmentally different. The FPCA of Patient 1 appeared to be an extension of the embryonic left posterior communicating artery (PcomA). Patient 2 had 2 PCAs on the left (PCA duplication), classic bilateral PCAs, and PcomAs, and absent left anterior choroidal artery (AchoA), suggesting developmental AchoA-to-FPCA transformation on the left. These 2 cases underscore the variable anatomy, clinical significance, and embryological origins of FPCA variants.
Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Arthroscopic Repair of Small- to Medium-Sized Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Holtby Richard , Christakis Monique , Maman Eran , MacDermid Joy C. , Dwyer Tim , Athwal George S. , Faber Kenneth , Theodoropoulos John , Woodhouse Linda J. , Razmjou Helen
Published: September 2016

Background:

Increased interest in using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an augment to rotator cuff repair warrants further investigation, particularly in smaller rotator cuff tears.

Purpose:

To examine the effectiveness of PRP application in improving perioperative pain and function and promoting healing at 6 months after arthroscopic repair of small- or medium-sized rotator cuff tears.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of partial- or full-thickness rotator cuff tears of up to 3 cm who were observed for 6 months. Patients were randomized to either repair and PRP application (study group) or repair only (control group) groups. The patient-oriented outcome measures utilized were the visual analog scale (VAS), the Short Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (ShortWORC), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) form, and the Constant-Murley Score (CMS). Range of motion (ROM) and inflammatory and coagulation markers were measured before and after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging was used at 6 months to assess retear and fatty infiltration rate.

Results:

Eighty-two patients (41 males) with a mean age of 59 ± 8 years were enrolled; 41 patients were included in each group. Both the PRP and control groups showed a significant improvement in their pain level based on the VAS within the first 30 days ( P < .0001), with the PRP group reporting less pain than the control group ( P = .012), which was clinically significantly different from days 8 through 11. The PRP group reported taking less painkillers ( P = .026) than the control group within the first 30 days. All outcome measure scores and ROM improved significantly after surgery ( P < .0001), with no between-group differences. No differences were observed between groups in inflammatory or coagulation marker test results ( P > .05), retear (14% vs 18% full retear; P = .44), or fatty infiltration rate ( P = .08).

Conclusion:

The PRP biological augmentation for repair of small- to medium-sized rotator cuff tears has a short-term effect on perioperative pain without any significant impact on patient-oriented outcome measures or structural integrity of the repair compared with control group.
Respective contributions of single and compound granule fusion to secretion by activated platelets
Authors: Eckly Anita , Rinckel Jean-Yves , Proamer Fabienne , Ulas Neslihan , Joshi Smita , Whiteheart Sidney W. , Gachet Christian
Published: September 2016

Key Points

Weak stimulation favors the fusion of single granules with the platelet surface and stronger stimulation induces granule-granule fusion. VAMP8 participates in single and compound exocytosis.