bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salton sea research well
Authors: Elders Wilfred A.
Published: October 2011

Two University of California, Riverside, scientists propose to extend a planned 3.7‐km‐deep steam‐production well in the Salton Sea geothermal field to 5.5 km for scientific study prior to the well's commercial use. The Salton Sea, a hydrothermal‐magma system in the delta of the Colorado River, is one of the hottest, most saline geothermal fields known, and the proposed extension would make the hole the deepest geothermal well in the world. The investigators expect that, unless temperature reversals occur, bottom‐hole temperatures in the extended well should exceed 400°C.

Investigators interested in participating in the study are being invited to submit fundingproposals.
New editors' addresses
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Authors submitting manuscripts after October 1, 1983, to the Atmospheres or the Oceans sections of the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) or to the policy sciences portion of Water Resources Research (WRR) should send them to their new editors at the following addresses: JGR—Atmospheres William L. Chameides, School of Geophysical Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 (telephone: 404‐894‐3883).
Erosion of U.S. shorelines
Authors: May S. Kimball , Dolan Robert , Hayden Bruce P.
Published: October 2011

We have assembled data on the rate of change of the U.S. shorelines, including those of the Great Lakes. Obtained from geologists and engineers, our data base covers 1689 sites. The national average (unweighted) shoreline erosion rate is 0.40 m/yr. Along the Atlantic coast the average rate of recession is 0.8 m/yr; the Gulf coast is 1.8 m/yr; and the Pacific coast rate, including Alaska, is 0.005 m/yr. Statistics for Delaware Bay, Chesapeake Bay, and the Great Lakes are also summarized.
Methane and seismicity: A reply
Authors: Gold Thomas , Soter Steven
Published: October 2011

In a recent Forum article in Eos (“Methane in Association With Seismic Activity,” June 14, 1983, p. 410), R. S. Oremland presents observations which he claims contradict the deep methane gas hypothesis. His principal case rests on observations of one M 5.7 earthquake near the volcanic area of Mammouth Lakes, California, which did not result in any increase in methane content of gases in four local seeps.

In our published discussions of the deep gas hypothesis [Gold and Soter, 1980, 1982], we proposed (1) that outgassing from mantle depths is an ongoing process both in volcanic and nonvolcanic regions; (2) that the gases CO2 and CH4 are the principal carriers of the surface excess carbon; (3) that chemical equilibrium between CO2 and CH4 in the presence of hot or liquid rock is strongly shifted towards CO2, especially in the low pressure domain, and that therefore active volcanic or high heat flow regions would be less likely to exhibit CH4; and (4) that faultlines, particularly those which are seismically active, are locations where outgassing in cool regions can be sampled. The evidence there is that flames from the ground are often seen in association with major earthquakes. (Just as in many mud volcano eruptions, ignition of combustible gases can be attributed to electrostatic effects.) Methane is also observed in many of the major crustal rifts, together with helium having the high 3He to 4He ratio indicative of deep origin [Lupton, 1983].
The Earth's Climate: Past and Future
Authors: Berger A.
Published: October 2011

This is not simply another specialized book on climate variations. It is a welcome comprehensive review of the scientific contributions of M. I. Budyko and his colleagues from the Soviet Union.

M. I. Budyko, from the Main Geophysical Observatory in Leningrad, is an outstanding climatologist well known in the field of climate modeling. His results have been published mainly in Russian, but several important papers and books were fortunately published or translated into English. Among them let us remember his Atlas of the Heat Balance, Climate and Life, and Climatic Changes.
Independent NOAA considered
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A proposal to pull the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) out of the Department of Commerce and make it an independent agency was the subject of a recent congressional hearing. Supporters within the science community and in Congress said that an independent NOAA will benefit by being more visible and by not being tied to a cabinet‐level department whose main concerns lie elsewhere. The proposal's critics, however, cautioned that making NOAA independent could make it even more vulnerable to the budget axe and would sever the agency's direct access to the President.

The separation of NOAA from Commerce was contained in a June 1 proposal by President Ronald Reagan that also called for all federal trade functions under the Department of Commerce to be reorganized into a new Department of International Trade and Industry (DITI).
Major Structural Zones and Faults of the Northern Appalachians
Authors: Belt Edward S.
Published: October 2011

This work, the first really important one to include a wide spectrum of views since the “Billings volume” of 1968, assesses the status of the geology of the Northern Appalachians. The terrains considered in a dozen articles occur in New England, Québec, and eastern Canada. This has been a region of intense research due to the rapid evolution of plate tectonic models as the geology has become better known.

The book is of considerable importance because nearly all the eminent researchers from the past decade have contributions in it and, unlike the Billings volume, the authors were asked to focus on major stratigraphic‐tectonic terrains, their boundaries, and their regional context. As a consequence of this commonality of purpose, most authors attempted regional evolutionary syntheses from their own perspective. The reader can thus construct a checklist of consensus and disagreement and, from that list, quickly ferret out areas for future research. The book's table of contents is shown at the end of this review in order to emphasize that the list of authors and the range of topics are impressive.
Seabed heat transfer
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The Subseabed Disposal Program (SDP) includes a set of heat‐transfer experiments on the ocean floor, planned for 1986. The concept is to provide data on the local heating of seabed sediment released by buried radioactive waste materials. The In Situ Heat Transfer experiment (ISHTE) involves placing a 400‐W isotopic heat source and related equipment frame on the seabed at a depth of approximately 6000 m. Data will be recorded at the site, some of which will be transmitted to a surface vessel by acoustic telemetry. The entire apparatus will be recovered within 1 year.
The etymology of “El Chichón”
Authors: Quiroz R. S.
Published: October 2011

The eruption of El Chichón in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, in spring 1982 is clearly an important event for the study of volcanic effects on climate. Many reports have already appeared describing properties of the dust cloud [Robock, 1983], and comparisons of observed and calculated atmospheric effects have been undertaken [e.g., Quiroz, 1983]. We have meanwhile noted confusion regarding the meaning of the name of the volcano, and it is the intent of this note to clarify this problem.

One meaning given in various dictionaries—easy, presenting no problem, teasing, joke‐playing (Central and South America)—seems irrelevant and will not be treated further here.
Geophysics job market
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

According to data released by the College Placement Council for the report year ending July, 1983, the job market for graduates in geophysics, engineering, and science reflects the reality of economic recovery. The number of job offers was down sharply, but this did not reflect the number of positions filled. At the bachelor's level, for example, there were 33,604 offers this spring, compared with 51,290 a year ago. The number of acceptances was estimated to have been about the same.
Southern Ocean bathymetry
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The southern oceans of the world have not been well surveyed generally, in contrast with oceans of the northern hemisphere. Data from the relatively new Seasat, which is a radar altimeter flown on a satellite platform, has recently provided bathymetric estimates for the southern oceans (Nature, 304, 407, 1983). The Seasat data provides a planning data base for future ship surveys to obtain precisely and accurately charted sea‐floor topography.

The analysis of a 70‐day data set originally collected over the 100‐day period from July 5 to October 10, 1978, has revealed a number of distinct bathymetric features that had not been observed before. For example, the new data showed a major rise, or geoid high, that exists east of the Louisville Ridge between latitudes 38° and 41°S, and longitudes 160° and 150°W. The Louisville Ridge itself was found to be a nearly continuous feature composed of short ridge segments. A volcanic rather than a fracture zone origin is suggested by this topography.
Understanding superfluids
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Three researchers recently demonstrated that helium evaporates via a quantum mechanical process involving phonon (quantized sound wave) energy transfer; in doing so they may have taken the first step toward understanding the microscopic processes in classical liquids and solids (Nature, 304, 325–326, 1983).

The result, obtained by M.J. Baird, F.R. Hope, and A.F.G. Wyatt, will have broad application even though helium itself is a quantum substance and in its superfluid state has properties of no other known material. In the fields of planetology and condensedstate mineral physics, investigators continue to try to understand the behavior of superfluid helium. The reasons for their effort extend from attempts to explain the fundamental dynamics of superdense stars to the practical matters of trying to predict the melting and boiling laws of planetary interiors.
Federal R&D 1974–1984
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The federal government distinguishes three types of activity under the title Research and Development (R&D), which was budgeted at $ 45.8 billion for 1984: basic research, applied research, and development. According to the National Science Foundation, the 1984 federal R&D obligation is 3 times the 1974 level. While the apparent 10‐year growth of the R&D budget was about 10.2% per year in current dollars, real annual growth averaged only 2.5%. Moreover, averages themselves are misleading because most of the growth has taken place since 1981, mostly in defense programs.

The basic research portion of the 1984 R&D budget is $ 6.6 billion, one‐third of which is allocated to biomedical research areas administered through the National Institutes of Health. However, the Department of Health and Human Services budget showed a real‐dollar decline in 1984 of 3%. By contrast, the National Science Foundation budget, a portion of which also is granted for biological research, showed a less rapid rate of growth between 1974 and 1983, but had a real‐dollar increase in the 1984 budget of 12%.
Christmas Island birds returning
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Six months after their mass exodus, birds are beginning to return to Christmas Island. Roughly 17 million birds, almost the entire adult bird population, either perished or fled their mid‐Pacific atoll home last autumn, leaving behind thousands of nestlings to starve (Eos, April 5, 1983, p. 131). It is believed that the strong El Niño altered the ecology of the surrounding waters and forced the birds to flee. Christmas Island is the world's largest coral atoll.

“Ocean and atmosphere scientists are unsure of future directions for the El Niño conditions and cannot now predict what will happen to the birds in the coming months,” said Ralph W. Schreiber, curator of ornithology at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in California. Heisthe ornithologist who discovered the disappearance. “The recovery of the bird populations depends on the food supply in the waters surrounding the island.” The island's birds feed exclusively on small fish and squid.
Cosmogenic radionuclides
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Cosmic rays interact with the earth's atmosphere and surface to produce the “cosmogenic” nuclides. In many instances the radioactive ones are readily distinguished from the anthropogenic and meteoritic backgrounds. Measurements of these cosmogenic radionuclides (RCN) can contribute to the solution of a variety of geophysical problems [Lai and Peters, 1967]. Recent progress in this area was discussed at a symposium entitled Application of Cosmic‐Ray‐Produced Nuclides in Geophysics held May 30, 1983, at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore (see Eos, May 3, 1983, pp. 282–284, for the abstracts). We summarize here the symposium presentations.
Society merger rejected
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Members of the American Society of Photogrammetry (ASP) and members of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) have rejected a plan to consolidate the two societies.

An affirmative vote of at least two‐thirds of each society's members present or represented by proxy was required for the merger. Voting in favor of the consolidation plan were 61.2% of ASP voters and 63.7% of ACSM voters. Almost 50% of eligible members of each society participated in the September 21 vote.
Advisory Council for URI Programs
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A 19‐member advisory council headed by former Rhode Island Governor Philip W. Noel has been appointed to help chart future research, education, and public service directions for the University of Rhode Island's marine programs.

John A. Knauss, URI vice president for marine programs, said the council's primary purpose is to forge closer ties between private organizations and the university's marine activities, because, he said, much of the research and many of the job opportunities in these activities in the future will likely be tied to industry needs.
Minority Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Approximately 35 fellowships for postdoctoral study will be awarded in 1984 to minority researchers who show promise of future achievement in academic research and scholarship, under a program sponsored by the Ford Foundation and administered by the National Research Council (NRC). The competition is open to all U.S. citizens or nationals with Ph.D. degrees who are either American Indians, Alaskan Natives (Eskimo or Aleut), Black Americans, Mexican Americans/Chicanos, or Puerto Ricans.

Citing the under‐representation of these minority groups in formal programs of postdoctoral study, the fellowship administrators invite Ph.D.'s from the physical sciences as well as from engineering, mathematics, and the humanities to compete. The fellowships are awarded for one year, with a stipend of $20,000 for regular postdoctoral fellows and $26,000 for those who have held a doctorate for more than 7 years.
Carbon dioxide and climate
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The earth's climate is getting warmer because of a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that will continue well into the next century, according to a report released October 20 by the National Research Council (NRC), the research arm of the National Academy of Sciences. As the result of a 2‐year study commissioned by Congress, the NRC's Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee predicts a global temperature rise of as much as 4.5°C by the year 2100, enough to shift weather patterns, raise sea levels, and eliminate agriculture in some parts of the world. What's more, the trend seems inevitable— even drastic changes in our energy use would not prevent the warmup, according to the committee's findings.

CO2, the major contributor to a thermal “greenhouse effect” that traps re‐radiated heat in the atmosphere, has risen from a concentration of 315 parts per million (ppm) to 340 ppm in one generation, largely as a result of the use of fossil fuels. Sometime in the third quarter of the next century, the report predicts, the concentration will probably be double the current level. The result will be a global warming of surface air of between 1.5° and 4.5°C, with temperature rises relatively greater at the poles.
DOE geosciences research
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The Department of Energy (DOE) supports research in the geosciences at 25 university campuses as well as at the national laboratories and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Funds for the program have grown sharply since 1969, when the total for university research amounted to $483,000. The last 3 years have seen major funding increases. The total was $3,026 million in 1981, $3,141 million in 1982, and $4,519 million in 1983. Grants to individual investigators ranged from a low of about $40,000 to a high of about $337,013 in fiscal year 1983, and the average grant for that year was about $130,000.
History at 1983 IUGG Meeting
Authors: Garrett Henry B.
Published: October 2011

Perhaps because the 1983 IUGG meeting at Hamburg commemorated the 100th anniversary of the First International Polar Year, the 50th anniversary of the Second International Polar Year, and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, it was a particularly appropriate forum for the study of the history of space science. By any measure, however, the 18th IUGG Assembly marks a watershed in the study of history and its application to space physics and geophysics.

Besides two highly successful sessions on historical events and on the use of historical records in research sponsored by the IAGA Interdivisional Commission on History, several of the IUGG Union lectures and interunion sessions specifically addressed historical concerns. In particular, M. Nicolet's address (“Reflexions sur l'Année Géophysiaue Internationale”) and the opening remarks, which reminded the participants of the 1912 meeting in Hamburg of the Association Géodesique Internationale, revolved about historical events.
Boninites and island arcs
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The petrographic t se rm t o describe glassy volcanic rocks from the Bonin Islands in the Western Pacific has been around for nearly a century. Currently, however, “boninitic” has come to mean a process, and indeed boninites include a broad set of komatiite‐like rocks, which characterize Pacific Island arcs. Boninites are usually associated with ophicalcites. Their interest geophysically, stems from their probable role in island‐arc formation. A while ago W. E. Cameron, E. G. Nisbet, and V. J. Dietrich drew analogies between boninites and Archaean basaltic komatiites and also the well‐known variable experimental parameter “pyrolite” (Nature, 280, 550, 1979).
Fighting wind shear
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A “coherent and sustained program” of improved radar detection of weather, pilot training, and better communication between pilots and air controllers can greatly reduce the risk of wind shear to airplanes landing or taking off, according to a National Research Council (NRC) committee.

Wind shear, characterized by winds rapidly changing direction and speed, has caused several serious accidents in recent years; among the most notable is the July 8, 1982, crash of a Pan American World Airlines jetliner at the New Orleans International Airport, which killed 153 persons. Following the accident, Congress directed the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to contract with the NRC to study wind shear.
Large‐scale snow studies
Authors: Rango Albert
Published: October 2011

A workshop on Large‐Scale Snow Studies, sponsored by the IAHS International Committee on Snow and Ice (ICSI) was held in Hamburg on August 26, 1983 to discuss a 1981 ICSI working group report on the subject, present several invited review papers, and obtain recommendations that would be considered for submission to ICSI. Albert Rango, U.S. correspondent for ICSI, was the workshop convenor.

The consensus of opinion at the workshop was that continued research in remote sensing of snowpack properties should be supported; microwave research should point toward definition of the optimum set of sensors for spaceborne studies; and a comparison of the mapping of large‐scale snow extent with operational NOAA visible products and spaceborne microwave radiometers should be conducted.
University lobbying
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

In the past year, an increasing number of individual academic institutions have lobbied in Congress for new science facilities funds thus circumventing the traditional peer review process of evaluating the merits of such facilities. As an attempt to stem this rising tide, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) governing council and the Association of American Universities (AAU) recently and independently issued strong statements condemning lobbying by individual universities and enthusiastically supporting the peer review system.

“Informed peer judgments on the scientific merits of specific proposals, in open competition, should be a central element in the awarding of all federal funds for science,” the NAS resolution stated. AAU, meanwhile, implored “scientists, leaders of America's universities, and members of Congress” to “refrain from actions that would make scientific decisions a test of political influence rather than a judgment on the quality of the work to be done.” Roughly 50 research institutions constitute AAU; the two AAU Canadian members did not vote on the consortium's statement.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics, Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead. above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) month and year degree was awarded, If possible include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published),
Permafrost research
Authors: Reichhardt Tony
Published: October 2011

Among the highest priorities for permafrost research in the next 2 decades will be the improvement of detection and mapping techniques, the evaluation of engineering practices in frozen regions, and the establishment of a mukidisciplinary program to observe the “active layer” just above the permafrost; these are the conclusions of a new report by the National Research Council's (NRC) Polar Research Board as part of its continuing effort to set guidelines for scientific research in polar regions.

Like an earlier NRC report on Antarctic science (Eos, October 18, 1983, p. 596), the new study ranks the most pressing research priorities in an era of tight budgets. The 103‐page study, entitled Permafrost Research: An Assesment of Future Needs, was prepared by the Polar Research Board's Committee on Permafrost, with the advice of scientists and engineers from state and federal agencies, private industry, and universities.
JOI to manage drilling program
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), has been awarded a 5‐year, $141 million contract by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to manage and operate the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The international scientific program follows the 15‐year Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and is expected to last a decade. JOI, founded in 1976 to manage scientific services and planning functions for DSDP, is based in Washington, D.C., and consists of 10 major oceanographicinstitutions.

Drilling operations are expected to begin in October at the start of fiscal 1985. Negotiations are under way to lease a commercial drill ship for the program (Eos, May 5, 1983, p. 174; February 22, 1983, p. 73). According to D. James Baker, Jr., JOI president, and Sandra D. Toye, ODP program director, a decision on the choice of the research ship is likely to be made in February; overhaul of the commercial ship to make it suitable for scientific drilling is scheduled to be done by October. The Glomar Challenger had been leased for 15 years as DSDP's drill ship.
The Earth Through Time
Authors: Mertzman Stanley A.
Published: October 2011

The Earth Through Time successfully fills a gap in the world of introductory level geology textbooks, a gulf created by the nature of typical undergraduate students. The introductory course taught at many institutions is physical geology wherein potential geology majors and students who simply want to fulfill part of a natural science requirement form a cosmopolitan class. Students who are convinced that geology is the major for them go on to historical geology in the second semester often using the Dott and Batten text, Evolution of the Earth, a text that is rigorous and designed strictly with the geology major in mind. Based on my experience, however, a sizable number of students who have no intention of majoring in geology desire to take a second course in the field out of pure interest and as a means of satisfying the second part of a typical 2‐semester science requirement. The Earth Through Time provides a viable alternative to Dott and Batten's book, one certainly as broad in its overall coverage but with discrete topics—such as local stratigraphic nomenclature and detailed discussions of geology outside of North America—being de‐emphasized.
Iridium at Kilauea
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Trace‐element anomalies observed in rocks located stratigraphically at the Cretaceous‐Tertiary boundary are considered significant evidence that the boundary is a record of a large meteorite impact (Science, 208, 1095–1108, 1980). In particular, trace metals, including iridium and other members of the platinum metals group, are thought to be enriched in rocks alien to the earth's surface. These elements are indeed enriched in meteorites relative to earth crustal rocks, but new evidence from analyses of the January 1983 eruption of Kilauea suggest that the analogy may be invalid. W.H. Zoller, J.R. Parrington, and J.M. Phelan Kotra reported neutron activation analyses of airborne particulate matter collected at the Mauna Loa Observatory and found “strikingly” large concentrations of iridium in addition to element concentrations expected from volcanic emissions (Science, 222, 1118, 1983). The only other platinum‐group trace metal analyzed was gold, which was also found to be anomalously high. They concede that they need more data of other platinum group elements and more data on other volcanos, but the implication is that the Cretacious‐Tertiary boundary may well be volcanic, not due to a large meteorite impact.
Two‐career couples: Information exchange
Authors: Sancetta Constance
Published: October 2011

AGU's Education and Human Resources Committee sponsored a panel session on The Two‐Career Couple at the 1983 AGU Fall Meeting (a report on the session will appear in a forthcoming issue of Eos). The response was overwhelming—more than 150 persons crowded into the room, many of them midcareer professionals. Clearly, we had touched a nerve. In discussion following the panel presentation, members of the audience repeatedly expressed a desire for models, guidelines, or policy statements that could be shown to an employer, especially with reference to flexible work time, slow career advancement, and promotion policy. People felt that alternatives are feasible, and that the present lack of policies is largely due to ignorance, by both employers and employees, of practical solutions. “Surely, with so many women entering the work force, some corporations or agencies must have developed guidelines!”
Space station proposed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In his State of the Union address on January 25, President Ronald Reagan announced that he was directing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to “develop a permanently manned space station, and to do it within a decade.”

Included in the NASA budget proposal sent to Congress the following week was $150 million for the station. This is the first request of many; expected costs will total roughly $8 billion by the early 1990's.
Seismic Reflection Interpretation
Authors: Brown Larry D.
Published: October 2011

This interesting, albeit uneven, little book reviews a broad range of topics related to the collection and analysis of seismic reflection data. In spite of its misleading title, it deals less with the geological interpretation of reflection sections than with the geometrical analysis of seismic raypaths. For example, statics corrections and migration theory—topics or peripheral interest if not indifference to most interpreters—are subjects of entire chapters while seismic stratigraphy, one of the hottest current branches on interpretaion, is not even mentioned!
January streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

After a wet December that produced record high streamflows in many states, flows generally decreased during January, although many streams in the Gulf Coast region and the West were still flowing at rates well above average for this time of year, according to the regular monthend check of national water conditions by the U.S. Geological Survev (USGS).

USGS hydrologists said that only 35% of the 171 key index gaging stations across the country reported streamflows that were well above average during January. In contrast, 73% of these key gaging stations had reported well above average flows in December. The number of stations reporting well below normal flows increased from 13 stations (7%) in December to 25 stations (14%) in January.
Robert E. Horton Award winners
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Robert E. Horton Award is given annually by the AGU Hydrology Section for a single outstanding contribution to the science of hydrology made within the last 5 years. The 1983 award winner is David A. Woolhiser for his contributions in the area of kinematic modeling of surface water runoff and overland flow (Eos, January 17, 1984, p . 22).
History of Hydrology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

“History of Hydrology: Earth Science Aspects” is the subject of a half‐day symposium at the 1984 AGU Fall Meeting (December 3–7, 1984, San Francisco). The symposium is being organized by the new History and Heritage of Hydrology Committee (HHHC) of AGU's Hydrology Section (a committee which will also function as a subgroup of the AGU Committee on the History of Geophysics). The symposium will cover historical aspects of the geological and geochemical study of surface and groundwater. Because this is a first‐time effort by the HHHC, no initial restrictions on scope have been imposed in order to span a range of interests and to identify a population of individuals with historical interests within AGU and the hydrology community in general.
On the waterfront
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

John L. Wilson has accepted a professorship at the Department of Geoscience, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, N. Mex.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Campi Flegrei (Italy): Uplift and seismicity in the caldera since mid 1.982. Etna (Sicily): Incandescent tephra from central crater; seismicity. Kilauea (Hawaii): 13th–15th major phases of East Rift Zone eruption include lava fountains to 300 m and temperatures to 1147°C. Mt. St. Helens (Washington): Deformation and seismicity, then new lobe. Veniaminof (Alaska): lava fountains and flow continue.
Science and policy on Capitol Hill
Authors: Weissman Arthur B.
Published: October 2011

I spent my year as the 1982–1983 AGU Congressional Science Fellow as legislative assistant to Sen. Christopher J. Dodd (D‐Conn.), covering environment and energy issues. I offer this final report of my year not only for potential Congressional Science Fellows but for all readers of Eos who may want to contribute to science policy making (but are afraid to try).

My primary goal was to get a broad exposure to issues, organizations, people, and the legislative process; this I achieved beyond my expectation. Congress, remarkably, is set up like a vast marketplace: There are vendors (the lobbyists and interest groups) and consumers (the constituents), and each group makes its desires known to the members of Congress, who act as brokers. Issues are strewn about like so many fish—some stale and rancid; others fresh and meaty, the catch of the day. And there is no real respite: Problems requiring a response (if not a solution) will seek out even the most diffident Member or staffer.
Ocean drilling ship chosen
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The Sedco/BP 471, owned jointly by Sedco, Inc., of Dallas, Tex., and British Petroleum, has been selected as the drill ship for the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The contract, with a specified initial term of 4 years with 10 1‐year options after that, is expected to be signed by mid March by Texas A&M University, the ODP science operator, and Sedco, Inc. Texas A&M will develop the design for scientific and laboratory spaces aboard the Sedco/BP 471 and will oversee the ship conversion. Testing and shakedown of the ship is scheduled for the coming autumn; the first scientific cruise is scheduled for next January.

One year ago, the commercial drilling market sagged, opening up the option for leasing a commercial drill ship (Eos, February 22, 1983, p. 73). Previously, the ship of choice had been the Glomar Explorer; rehabilitating the former CIA salvage ship would have been extremely expensive, however.
Arctic hurricanes
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The devastating winter storms that swoop across the Arctic, endangering offshore oil rigs, shipping, and fishing operations in their paths, are the subject of current study by a team of weather researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). As part of the study, U.S. scientists and those from several other countries also will attempt to estimate how much carbon dioxide is transferred from the atmosphere into the North Atlantic's deep waters during winter storms.

A typical polar low, like a hurricane, has a spiral cloud pattern and winds exceeding 120 km per hour, said Melvyn Shapiro, senior meteorologist on the polar‐low study. The storms are smaller than most hurricanes, however, and rarely have a diameter greater than 320 km. Some, but not all, develop an “eye,” like a hurricane. Polar lows, only recently documented from polar orbiting satellite imagery, appear to form primarily from October to April, but peak in February.
Actions at Hamburg International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The third Workshop on Historical Seismograms, held in Hamburg on August 18–19, 1983, in conjunction with the meeting of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, was specifically organized to discuss the status of historical seismic data for Latin America and Europe. Since it is unlikely that an additional workshop will be held on this subject, reports for other regions were included as well.

In the first session, H. Meyers described the purpose of the workshop and gave some history of the previous activities of the IASPEI/Unesco Working Group on Historical Seismograms. E.R. Engdahl noted that thus far more than 500,000 seismograms have been filmed as part of the Historical Microfilming Project and emphasized the importance of the activities to be covered during the workshop. M. Hashizume, representing Unesco, described the importance of historical seismic data and the Unesco interests in having these data available for the analysis of seismic risks, particularly in areas where the recurrence rate of significant earthquakes is very low and for regions where much data do not exist. He mentioned that both these conditions occur frequently in developing nations.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.

Aubrey L. Anderson (O), Lennart A. Anderson (V), Kathleen W. Baird (V), William R. Bergmann (A), E. N. Bernard (O), Joyce R. Blueford (O), Wayne M. Brewer (T), Nancy Ann Brewster (O), Philip S. Callahan (O), Jack G. Calvert (A), Drew A. Carey (O), Benjamin Chen (O), J. W. Cole (V), George Courtney (T), Charles G. Crawford (H).
Magnetospheric processes in the plasmapause
Authors: Green James L. , Horwitz James L.
Published: October 2011

The current experimental and theoretical status on the existence and importance of the plasmapause as a magnetospheric boundary was the subject of a conference on Fundamental Magnetospheric Processes in the Plasmapause Region, held at Huntsville, Ala., October 25–27, 1983, under the joint sponsorship of the Marshall Space Flight Center and the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Since the last plasmapause conference, in 1974, new spacecraft and new techniques in ground‐based radar measurements are providing an exciting look at the plasmapause and plasmasphere. More than 75 scientists from the United States, France, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, and the United Kingdom attended the 1983 conference.

The five major sessions to the conference were: (1) identification, formation, and structure of the plasmapause and its relationship to other magnetospheric boundaries, (2) sources and loss processes of cold and warm plasmas in the plasmapause region, (3) ionospheric trough and its relationship to the plasmapause, (4) hot plasmas in the inner magnetosphere, and (5) wave phenomena in the plasmapause region.
The Montgolfier Brothers and the Invention of Aviation
Authors: Moore Charles B.
Published: October 2011

The first hot air balloon ascension over Paris in September 1783 has been described so many times that it and its passengers—the sheep, the rooster, and the duck—have joined Benjamin Franklin and his kite in the folklore of our culture. Not so well known is the earlier history of ballooning; that the brothers Montgolfier had demonstrated their hot air balloons repeatedly for several months prior to the ascent over Paris; or that the physicist Charles, urged onward and financed by an enthusiast, Barthélemy Faujas de Saint‐Fond, launched successfully the first fabric balloon filled with hydrogen over Paris more than 3 weeks prior to the memorable ascent of the sheep, and rooster, and the duck.

For all of its well‐documented detail, the book is readable and enjoyable. It is a well‐written but complex book in which Professor Gillispie develops a number of subjects to recreate the era in perspective. The origins and the disposition of the Montgolfiers, the industry of the period, the idea of capturing heated air are all reported in detail. The attempts to obtain government funding and the promotional activities in Paris were forerunners of the modern techniques for obtaining support of research activities.
AGU Ocean Sciences Award: Feenan D. Jennings
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Section of the AGU recognizes Feenan D. Jennings' 25 years of excellent service and successful leadership in the ocean sciences community. He earned the B.S. degree at New Mexico State University (1950) and pursued graduate studies at Scripps and the University of California at Los Angeles. Feenan's career in marine research management began when he left his position as Senior Engineer at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1958 to become Head Oceanographer of the Geophysics Branch of ONR, a position he held until 1966. During his career with ONR, one of his additional duties was subelement monitor for basic research funds earmarked for oceanography. This important function involved monitoring, reporting and helping to defend the expenditure of all oceanographic basic research funds spent by the Navy. He was also instrumental in formulating and carrying through a ten‐year ship plan which resulted in the construction of most of the large oceanographic vessels now used by the U.S. academic community.
James J. O'Brien: New JGR editor
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A quality journal results from good scientific work written up well by contributors and from good reviewers sifting out the best papers, according to James J. O'Brien, one of the new editors for the Journal of Geophysical Research. O'Brien, professor of meteorology and oceanography at Florida State University, began his 4‐year term on January 1 as editor of the journal section emphasizing oceanography and boundary layer meteorology. O'Brien, who succeeds A.D. Kirwan, Jr., has been receiving manuscripts since October.

One change that the new editor has instituted is that an author can submit a paper directly to one of the associate editors instead of sending it to O'Brien. If the associate editor is willing to act as the editor for a particular manuscript, then O'Brien will accept that. In addition to saving time, this change will enable the associate editors to apply their expertise in various fields in establishing appropriate criteria for quality in different disciplines.
IAGA/IAMAP Joint Symposium on the Middle Atmosphere Sciences
Authors: Ebel A. , Simon P. C.
Published: October 2011

The symposium was jointly organized by the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP) and by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It was cosponsored by SCOSTEP, COSPAR, and by the following IAMAP Commissions: ICACGP, IOC, and IRC. The large number of contributions, about 160 papers presented in 11 half‐day sessions, reflects the increasing activity in middle atmosphere research and the growing interest of scientists from many nations, including the developing countries, in efficient communications in this field. The sessions contained contributions about (1) solar UV flux, photochemical processes, and related chemistry; (2) remote sensing; (3) dynamics, including troposphere coupling; (4) the strato‐meso‐thermosphere system and solar‐terrestrial relationships; (5) climatology of the middle atmosphere; (6) gravity waves, turbulence, and related transport; (7) modeling, including the radiation budget; (8) trace species; (9) ions and aerosols; (10) electrodynamics; and (11) aeronomic phenomena in the mesopause region, including noctilucent clouds.
On the waterfront
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following members of the Hydrology Section have been selected to receive Presidential Young Investigator Awards (Eos, March 13, 1984, p. 97).

Roman Krzysztofowicz, Univ. of Virginia; Daniel R. Lynch, Dartmouth College; and Jery R. Stedinger, Cornell Univ.
Hydrologist certification: Two views
Authors: Merriam Robert A. , Holzhausen Gary R.
Published: October 2011

I recently received a letter regarding the registration of hydrologists but paid little attention. Now with Peter S. Eagleson's, president of the Hydrology Section, comments in Eos (Jan. 10, 1984, pp. 9–10) I realize there must be quite a controversy. I would like to comment, particularly with regard to the argument that registration will protect the public.

I am a registered professional forester in California. Therefore I am qualified to practice there. Correct? Legally, yes. Professionally, in most regards, no. I have never done the type of forestry work for which the registration law was primarily designed. My experience has been primarily with brushfields and rangelands or with tree species of the subtropics.
[Comment on] Hydrologist certification: Two views
Authors: Holzhausen Gary R.
Published: October 2011

I applaud the decision of the Hydrology Section Executive Committee in remaining neutral in the debate concerning government certification of hydrology professionals. The two reasons cited in Water Watch in Eos (January 10, 1984, pp. 9‐10) are indeed the ones usually put forth by those in favor of state certification. There is, however, a third reason that is seldom stated but nevertheless very much a factor in the minds of many of those behind the certification movement: the regulation of competition, particularly the entrance of new practitioners into the market place. By controlling the numbers of practitioners through licensing requirements, state accredited professionals particularly those who are "grandfathered" in when the law is passed can limit competition and command a larger share of the available market for professional services.
AGU Hydrology Section
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Executive Committee of the AGU Hydrology Section met in regular session at 4:00 P.M. on Thursday, December 8, 1983, in Room 378 of the Cathedral Hill Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. Seven board members were present with section president, Peter Eagleson, presiding.

A total of 18 sessions were presented in San Francisco, and all were well attended, as was reported by program chairman Dennis Lettenmaier. Added to the regular sessions of General Hydrology, General Ground‐water Hydrology, and Sediment Transport were the following special sessions: Glacier Ocean Interaction, presider Edward Josberger; Orinoco and the Amazon, presider Edward Andrews; Transport and Geochemical Interactions in Stream Water, presider F. E. Bencola; Instream Flow Requirements for Fish, presider Brian W. Mar; Multivariate Modeling of Hydrologic and Other Geophysical Time Series, presiders Jose D. Salas and David R. Dawdy; Optimization Techniques for Managing Ground Water and Stream Aquifer Systems, presider Steve Gorelick; Treatment of Evapotranspiration Soil Moisture Evolution and Aquifer Recharge in Watershed Models, presiders Arlen D. Feldman and Hubert J. Morel‐Seytoux; Statistical Procedures for Estimating of Flood Risk at Gauged Sites, presider J. R. Stedinger; and Searching for More Physically Based Extreme Value Distributions in Hydrology, presider Juan B. Valdes. The session on Glacier Ocean Interaction received the most publicity, with numerous accounts of some of the presentations appearing in the newspaper. One of the pleasant surprises of the meetings was the high attendance at the special sessions on Optimization Techniques for Managing Ground Water and Stream Aquifer Systems and Multivariate Modeling of Hydrologic and Other Geophysical Time Series. Both sessions were highly interdisciplinary, attracting numerous scientists from other sections of AGU.
New climate delivery system developed
Authors: Changnon Stanley A. , Vogel John L. , Wendland Wayne M.
Published: October 2011

The Illinois Climate Center can now provide information through the Climate Assistance Service (CLASS) about the current status of many weather parameters, such as accumulated degree days, differences between seasonal rainfall and normal, and long‐range future climate predictions. Illinois is the first state to start such a near real‐time climate information system where the observations are gathered from National Weather Service cooperative observers.

The concept of CLASS was envisioned and designed by Stanley Changnon, chief of the Illinois State Water Survey; Wayne Wendland, head of the Climatology and Meteorology Section; and John Vogel, head of the survey's Climate Information Unit. Grants from the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Climate Analysis Center and National Climate Program Office) were coupled with existing Survey funds and information products of the Illinois State National History Survey to develop this system.