bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Opinions on the Sustainable Art Practice of Printmaking Papers Converted from Waste Paper
Authors: Metin Hasan Hüseyin , Karadeniz Merve Nur , Kızılırmak Çekinmez Buse
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on understanding and addressing environmental issues through art by integrating waste paper into sustainable art practices. The unique value of this study lies in its emphasis on the fact that combining recycled paper with art carries not only environmental benefits but also social and creative potential. As part of the research, paper-making workshops were organized to facilitate the convergence of recycled paper with art, during which waste paper was recycled to produce printmaking paper. Subsequently, participants were given the opportunity to carry out linoleum printing applications by incorporating local elements into their works. In this research, implementation and examination studies were conducted in line with the stated aims and objectives. The study employed a case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, and data were collected through a semi-structured interview form. Based on these data, it was clearly demonstrated that the students who participated in the paper recycling workshop and engaged in the processes of printing on recycled materials for sustainable art practices experienced an increase in environmental awareness, and their positive impact on sustainable art was clearly revealed.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Intravesical Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Improving Quality of Life for Overactive Bladder Patients with Moderate Functional Impairment
Authors: Bayraktar Necmi , Tuğcu Sadrettin
Published: October 2024

Objective: Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impacts the quality of life, affecting individuals across various age groups irrespective of gender. While conventional treatments exist, they often fall short for patients with moderate functional impairment, marked by an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score (ECOG PS3). Intravesical botulinum toxin therapy has emerged as a promising alternative, especially for those unresponsive to traditional pharmacotherapy. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study from 2020 to 2023, we analyzed data from patients treated with botulinum toxin therapy for AAM. Included patients were ECOG PS3 patients with a bladder capacity of at least 200 milliliters. Data collected included medical histories, voiding diary, and quality of life scores (ICIQ-SF and I-QOL). Results: The research featured 46 individuals and demonstrated a statistically substantial advancement in quality-of-life following treatment. The parameters of incontinence episodes and voiding diary scores exhibited statistically significant enhancements. It is noteworthy that there was no observable increase in residual urine or urinary tract infections subsequent to treatment. Conclusion: Intravesical botulinum toxin therapy has demonstrated a marked improvement in the quality of life for patients suffering from AAM and exhibiting moderate functional impairment. Nevertheless, further research is required in the form of multicenter randomized trials to substantiate the findings and maintain their credibility.
Outcomes of Emergency Surgical Treatment for Penile Fractures: A Study on Suture Materials, Delayed Repair, and Postoperative Results
Authors: Sağır Süleyman , Çelikkaleli Ferhat , Ergün Müslüm , Özden Cüneyt , Güler Mustafa , Toktaş İzzettin
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study examines the impact of surgical timing and suture materials on postoperative outcomes in penile fracture patients, particularly focusing on the development of penile curvature (PC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 63 patients treated for penile fractures between 2015 and 2024. Data on the time to surgery, suture materials, and postoperative complications such as PC were collected. Results: PC occurred in 27% of patients, with a significantly longer surgical delay in those with PC compared to those without. Suture material type (2-0 Prolene vs. 3-0 Vicryl) had no significant effect on PC or nodule formation. Conclusion: Delayed surgical intervention is associated with an increased risk of PC. Early surgery is recommended to reduce complications, while suture material does not influence outcomes.
THE MORAL DIMENSION REFLECTED IN THE SONGS TOMORROW AND WHALIEN 52 BY BTS
Authors: Maulida Sri Dewi Zahra Atira , Nirwan Nirwan , Lestari Noviana
Published: October 2024

Music is an important component of human existence. It has the power to change the listener's mood and evoke emotions. This is a reflection of human love for the beauty of rhythm. To fully appreciate the beauty of music, the lyrics and rhythm must be in harmony with the listener's emotions. This research analyzes the moral meaning of BTS's "Tomorrow & Whalen 52". The approach of data collection adopted is observation, while the technique utilized involves listening and recording the outcomes of the analysis. In analyzing the data, data was taken from lyric quotes in the songs. The aim of this study was to explore the ethical implications of a particular song, and the researcher used qualitative methods for data collection. The data obtained will be analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory. Some of the moral messages the writer found in the songs "Tomorrow" and "Whalien 52", include the importance of perseverance, self-love, and self-disclosure with others. In writing this article, the writer hopes to achieve theoretical, academic, and practical significance for the writer and readers in at least three ways: personally, academically (literature), and practically (people in general). Personally, this article can provide insight from a literary perspective, especially regarding the meaning of morals, which we hope will be useful for other people.
RESILIENCE AND LIBERATION: ANALYZING WOMEN'S RESISTANCE IN NO FOURTH RIVER THROUGH THE LENS OF LIBERAL FEMINISM
Authors: Wajiran Wajiran
Published: October 2024

This study is aimed at analyzing the gender issues presented in a literary work by Christine Clayfield. This study explores the manifestations and impacts of women's resistance in the novel No Fourth River through the lens of liberal feminism, primarily drawing on Naomi Wolf's concept of power feminism. The analysis is centered on the main character, Christine, and her relentless struggle against patriarchal oppression. Critical forms of resistance, including desire, courage, independence, firmness, and hard work, are identified and explored in detail. Christine's journey reveals how these attributes enable her to confront and overcome systemic injustices. The findings underscore the importance of resilience and agency in women's liberation, empowering us to understand that these are the keys to significant personal and social changes, such as increased self-confidence, elevated social status, financial independence, and the fulfillment of love. This study contributes to the broader discourse on gender equality in literary studies, offering valuable insights into the ongoing struggle for women's rights and empowerment. By contextualizing Christine's resistance within the framework of liberal feminism, the research motivates us to continue the fight for gender equality, empowering us with the knowledge of the keys to personal and social changes.
POSITIVE POLITENESS IN TMGW PODCAST
Authors: Mulyanah Elis , Andriani Diyah Iis
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the types and the factors of using positive politeness strategies in the podcast video. The writer used Brown and Levinson's (1987) theory with qualitative methods in analyzing the data. The data source was taken from a podcast video by Grace Helbig and Mamrie Hart on a YouTube channel. The results of this study show that there are 10 various types of positive politeness strategies such as 6 notice attend to hearer, 4 Intensify interest to H, 2 seek agreement, 1 avoid disagreement, 3 presuppose/ raise/assert command ground, 10 include both S and H in the activity, 1 give or ask reason, 1 give gift to H, 1 Joke to put the hearer at ease, and 1 Assert or presuppose Ss knowledge of and concern for H’s wants. On the other hand, the factors found in the analysis are 16 social distance and 14 Payoff. Based on the results of analyzing the data, the most frequently used in the conversation is to Include both S and H in the activity. It appears 10 times in the conversation. Furthermore, their utterances also are influenced by some factors such as payoff and social distance. From 30 utterances, the writer found social distance is the factor that often occurs in the podcast which appears 16 times.
Flexible highly-sensitive pressure sensor based on rGO/Fe nanowires composites for wearable human health detection
Authors: Cao Liang , Wu Rui , Xiang Hong , Wu Xiaodong , Hu Xiaoyan , He Gaohui , Gui Yingang
Published: October 2024

Flexible pressure sensors applied in wearable detection often face challenges, such as low sensitivity, large device size, poor flexibility, and long response time. This study aims to design and develop high-performance pressure-sensitive materials for wearable human detection applications. Using a sensitive layer composite and microstructural design, rGO/Fe nanowires (NWs) composites were proposed as the pressure-sensitive material. This approach yields a compact sensor with high flexibility, good mechanical properties, and excellent sensing performance. Firstly, rGO/Fe NWs composites were prepared by the Hummers method and an in situ reduction technique under a magnetic field. Secondly, the structural design, component construction, and sensing mechanism of the sensors were thoroughly investigated. Finally, the performance of the flexible pressure sensor was tested, and its application in the wearable field was explored. The results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits excellent performance with a good response to both large and small pressures within the range of 0–30 kPa, providing an effective method for wearable human health detection.
Concurrent compression and meaningful encryption of images using chaotic compressive sensing
Authors: Ashwini K. , Sutha S. , S. Sountharrajan , Bavirisetti Durga Prasad
Published: October 2024

The presented research introduces a new approach to simultaneously compressing and encrypting images using chaotic compressive sensing. This technique involves transforming the image into sparser data using the discrete cosine transform basis, which is then compressed through projection onto a lower dimensional space using a measurement matrix designed based on a new chaotic map. The proposed chaotic map produced a Lyapunov exponent value of 2.675 proving its chaotic behavior. The proposed map is also highly sensitive to initial values, making it a secure basis for encryption. The compressed data with the proposed map is then embedded onto a colorful image for transmission. This approach achieves both compression and visually meaningful encryption of images. Quantitative and Qualitative results on the proposed compression-encryption algorithm shows the effectiveness of the methodology against chosen plaintext attacks and cipher-only attacks.
Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the late Permian Changhsingian platform marginal reef, Western Hubei, South China
Authors: Chen Beichen , Wu Feng , Xie Xinong , Gao Ya , Xiao Wang , Tang Zhiyi
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the late Permian platform marginal reefs in the Sichuan Basin, focusing on reefal lithofacies and sequence stratigraphic patterns. Field outcrop observations and rock sample analyses from the Jiantianba reef were conducted to establish an evolution model of sponge reef development and spatial distribution. Four stages of marginal carbonate platform were documented: open platform, gently sloping reef, steeply sloping reef, and reef bank system. Distinct lithofacies were identified in these stages, reflecting different depositional environments and growth rates. The gently sloping reef was composed of filled skeleton framestone, filled skeleton bafflestone, and micrite organism limestone, indicating limited reef-building capacity. In contrast, the lithofacies of steeply sloping reefs were composed of open skeleton framestone, open skeleton bafflestone, binding skeleton bafflestone, and benthic organism bindstone, indicating stronger reef-building ability. Based on depositional features and carbon isotopic trends, the reef strata were divided into two sequences. Sequence 1 corresponds to the formation of unit 1, and sequence 2 can be further divided into units 2 and 3. In unit 1, reefs developed in a relatively deeper-water setting. It was characterized by rich micrite limestone, forming a gentle margin. Unit 2 witnessed reef development in shallower waters. Early marine cementation and microbial clots were prevalent, contributing to form a steep margin. In the early stage of unit 3, reefs primarily developed in a tidal-controlled environment. Subsequently, reef strata experienced a transition to a wave-influenced environment, leading to the formation of a reef bank system. In general, sequence 1 mainly formed in a heterozoan-dominated factory, and reefs contributed to a relatively gently sloping platform margin. In contrast, sequence 2 formed in a photozoan-dominated factory, and reefs contributed to a relatively steeply sloping platform margin.
The role of the cGAS-STING pathway in chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases
Authors: Tian Mengxiang , Li Fengyuan , Pei Haiping , Liu Xiaoling , Nie Hongyun
Published: October 2024

The innate immune system plays a vital role in the inflammatory process, serving as a crucial mechanism for the body to respond to infection, cellular stress, and tissue damage. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is pivotal in the onset and progression of various autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. By recognizing cytoplasmic DNA, this pathway initiates and regulates inflammation and antiviral responses within the innate immune system. Consequently, the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway has become a prominent area of interest in the treatment of many diseases. Chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis, are characterized by persistent or recurrent lung inflammation and tissue damage, leading to diminished respiratory function. This paper explores the mechanism of action of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in these diseases, examines the development of STING inhibitors and nanomaterial applications, and discusses the potential clinical application prospects of targeting the cGAS-STING pathway in chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
A novel oral vaccine delivery system for enhancing stability and immune protection: bacterium-like particle with functional coating
Authors: De Xinqi , Gao Mingchun , Jia Zheng , Ren Hongkun , Liu Runhang , Zhou Xinyao , Guo Junjie , Wang Jiaqing , Yu Qi , Qu Nanzhu , Wang Fang , Ge Junwei
Published: October 2024

Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) have gained significant attention in vaccine development due to their potential as effective immune enhancers and antigen delivery systems. BLPs are generated by boiling lactic acid bacteria in an acidic solution and are devoid of proteins and nucleic acids, offering advantages in terms of ease of preparation, high safety, and good stability. Furthermore, by employing protein anchor (PA), heterogeneous antigens can be efficiently displayed on the surface of BLPs, resulting in enhanced delivery effectiveness. Despite these benefits, most BLP-based vaccines are currently administered via injection or intranasal delivery, with oral delivery remaining limited. This limitation is primarily due to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract, which degrades the antigens displayed on the surface of these particles. To enhance the efficacy of oral immunization with subunit vaccines, we developed a simple and rapid method for self-assembling a lipid membrane onto the surface of BLPs vaccines, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of up to 99%, and the combination has good biosafety. The novel oral delivery system not only preserves the adjuvant activity of BLPs but also efficiently protects antigens from adverse gastrointestinal environments, increasing the absorption of the vaccine in intestinal Peyer’s patches (PPs). Oral immunization was required only once, and protection after the challenge was up to 100%. Furthermore, we observed rapid immunity and cross-protection. Transcriptome analysis of the small intestine suggested that immune enhancement probably be exerted by promoting the absorption and transport of antigens. Therefore, we posit that the design of this new oral delivery system presents a novel approach to advancing the development of oral subunit vaccines.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of the HD-Zip transcription factor family in oats
Authors: Xu Yiqun , Liu Changlai
Published: October 2024

Introduction

HD-Zip transcription factors are an important class of plant transcription factors involved in regulating plant growth and development as well as various stress responses. In order to explore the characteristics of oat HD-Zip transcription factors and their transcriptomic expression patterns under abiotic stress, this study identified members of the HD-Zip gene family in the oat genome through bioinformatics methods and analyzed their basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, conserved structural domains, gene duplication relationships, and expression profiles.

Results

74 HD-Zip gene sequences were identified in the oat genome, unevenly distributed in all chromosomes except the 4D chromosome. The 74 HD-Zip genes can be divided into four subfamilies (HD-Zip Ⅰ-Ⅳ), containing 30 (HD-Zip Ⅰ), 38 (HD-Zip Ⅱ), 4 (HD-Zip III), and 2 (HD-Zip IV) genes, respectively. The grouping of this study is completely consistent with the clustering results of family members in the oat HD-Zip gene phylogenetic tree, further supporting the reliability of the sequence grouping. In addition, there are significant differences in conserved motifs and gene lengths between subfamilies, but they are conserved within the same subfamily. Under drought and salt stress, the expression levels of a large number of oat HD-Zip genes were significantly induced or suppressed, indicating that these HD-Zip genes are likely to be involved in regulating the oat’s response to adversity.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide excellent candidate HD-Zip genes for the study of oat resistance, and provide a reference for oat gene improvement and genetic breeding.
Association between focal amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment in individuals below the amyloid threshold
Authors: Ham Hongki , Kim Byeong C. , Lee Eun Hye , Shin Daeun , Jang Hyemin , Kang Sung Hoon , Yun Jihwan , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Kim Jun Pyo , Seo Sang Won , Cho Soo Hyun
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of individuals with amyloid levels below the threshold. To achieve this, we differentiated between two groups: those with global amyloid negativity but focal deposition [G(–)F(+)] and those without focal deposition [G(–)F(–)].

Materials and methods

A total of 2,677 participants were diagnosed with cognitive unimpairment (CU) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MRI-based regional centiloid (CL) values were used to establish threshold values for each brain region. After applying a cutoff of 20 rdcCL to identify amyloid positivity, participants who were globally amyloid-negative were grouped into three categories: those who showed focal amyloid uptake [G(–)F(+)], individuals without focal amyloid deposition but with relatively high CL(HC) levels comparable to those in the focal uptake group [G(–)F(–) HC)], and those with relatively low CL(LC) levels [G(–)F(–) LC]. We compared the neuropsychological test results and brain structural changes between these groups using ANCOVA.

Results

The G(–)F(+) group demonstrated a lower cortical thickness (P < 0.001) than the G(–)F(–) HC group. In neuropsychological tests, the G(–)F(+) group exhibited lower the Seoul Verbal Learning Test delayed recall (SVLT-DR) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and showed progressed clinical status in the clinical dementia rating–sum of boxes (CDR-SOB) compared to the G(–)F(–) HC group (P < 0.001). The subsequent sensitivity analyses confirmed the persistence of these findings.

Conclusions

Individuals with focal amyloid deposition [G(–)F(+)] exhibited higher rates of cognitive impairment compared to patients with similar levels of amyloid, underscoring the importance of monitoring the progression of focal uptake, even when it remains below the amyloid threshold.
Quality of life of patients with neurofibromatosis 1—Physical disability does not necessarily result in poor mental health
Authors: Bäzner Ute , Stauss Leonie , Kapapa Thomas , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Pala Andrej
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a chronic neurocutaneous disease known to profoundly affect quality of life (QoL). We have performed an analysis of disease severity, mental and physical QoL and compare the different subclasses among patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).

Patients and methods

We conducted a prospective analysis of 89 NF1 patients between January 2016 and March 2018. Data sourced from local records including demographic information, employment status, education level, and marital status. All patients completed 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and additionally the numerical pain rating scale (NPS). Patients were stratified based on severity of NF1, visibility and disease severity.

Results

Among 89 patients, severity was classified as grade 4 was identified in 42 (47.2%), moderate in 17 (19.1%), mild in 23 (25.8%) and minimal in 7 (7.9%) cases. According to visibility scale, severe grade 3 was found in 28 (31.5%), moderate grade 2 in 26 (29.2%) and mild grade in 35 (39.3%) cases. SF-36 data, except for pain, showed significantly lower values, if compared to the standard German population (P < 0.001, physical component summary P = 0.045). Sex, marital status and education level did not significantly influence results. Employment was significantly associated with better mental and physical status (P = 0.028 and P = 0.01 respectively) and age >40 was linked to lower physical (P = 0.027) but not mental component scores (P = 0.362). The numerical pain rating scale indicated pain levels of 7–10 in 9 cases (10,1%), 5–6 in 10 patients (11.2%), 1–4 in 26 patients (29.2%) and no pain in 44 cases (49.4%). Physical component scores significantly differed across different NPS grades (P < 0.001) but not in mental component scores (P = 0.06). Finally, no significant differences were found in mental component scores across severity or visibility grades.

Conclusion

Severity and visibility grades of patients with NF1 may not necessarily result in poor mental health. Symptomatic treatment should be considered even for severely disabled patients as they may have comparable QoL to less severely affected patients with NF1. Employment was linked to better quality of life outcomes in our findings.
Association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass in US adults: results from NHANES 2011–2018
Authors: Tong Ye , Teng Yilin , Peng Xiaoming , Wan Bocheng , Zong Shaohui
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To investigate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass (LMM) in a representative adult population, accounting for total energy intake and other potential confounders.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 8,443 participants. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, and LMM was defined based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between quartiles of dietary vitamin D intake and the odds of LMM, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, total energy intake, and additional covariates.

Results

In Model 1, after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, and poverty-to-income ratio, participants in the highest quartile of vitamin D intake had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.37–0.79) compared to the lowest quartile, with a p for trend <0.001. In Model 2, after further adjustment for total energy intake and several covariates, the association was attenuated but remained borderline significant (p for trend = 0.051). In Model 3, after adjusting for additional health-related factors, the OR for the highest quartile was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.47–1.05), with a significant p for trend of 0.029.

Conclusion

This study suggests that higher dietary vitamin D intake may be associated with a reduced risk of LMM. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential interactions between vitamin D and other dietary factors in muscle mass preservation.
Management of pediatric ankle fractures: comparison of biodegradable PLGA implants with traditional metal screws
Authors: Nudelman Hermann , Lőrincz Aba , Lamberti Anna Gabriella , Varga Marcell , Kassai Tamás , Józsa Gergő
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The relevance of biodegradable implants has gained more importance in modern clinical practice. The study aimed to evaluate the effects and outcomes of ankle fracture treatment with absorbable implants compared to metal screws. These implants are made from poly l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), however, there are several other materials available on the market.

Methods

In a retrospective review, a total of 128 patients were under observation, with distal tibial fracture types ranging from Salter-Harris II-IV. In the absorbable group, patients were treated with the implants (n = 76). The metal group included patients treated with titanium or steel screws (n = 52). The extremities were placed in a cast for six weeks after surgery and were utilized for another 6–8 weeks. Patients were followed up for 12–30 months and were evaluated accordingly. The authors examined several aspects such as age, gender, open or closed repair, mechanism of injury, length of hospitalization, type of fracture, time of recovery, and complications.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding demographic qualities, such as age, type of fracture, side of injury, and length of cast application (p > 0.05 in all cases). Out of 76 patients in the PLGA group, only two presented with complications, so reoperation took place. The rest healed without complications or refractures. Two of those treated with metal screws (n = 52) had minor, and four had major complications with reoperation.

Discussion

In pediatric cases, PLGA implants may present excellent results for treating ankle fractures. They do not disturb the growth plate and do not require reoperation. For this reason, they reduce the burden on the patient and the healthcare provider while simultaneously decreasing the risk of complications, such as infections or problems due to general anesthesia.
Call the experts: identifying stakeholders in the long-term care of youth with hypospadias
Authors: Bhatia Vinaya P. , Ebert Kristin , Cannon Shannon , Farhat Walid A. , Brown Heidi W. , Mahoney Jane , Hilliard Marisa E. , Penniston Kristina L.
Published: October 2024

Long-term follow-up for individuals with hypospadias remains a critical area of need, yet evidence-based guidelines for such follow-up are lacking, and the role of involvement of relevant experts is not yet established. Using our hypospadias-specific health-related quality of life conceptual framework and a subsequent qualitative study of prepubertal males and parents of males with hypospadias, we identified potential priorities for long-term follow-up of youth with hypospadias. Using thematic codes from our patient and parent interviews, we searched PubMed for relevant articles and identified the specialties represented by all the authors of these articles. Our search strategy revealed consistent expertise across HRQOL themes and subthemes, including pediatric and adult urology, health psychology, psychiatry, endocrinology, genetics, and social work. Communication experts, as well as patients and families, were also represented in our literature search. Using these findings, we compiled a comprehensive list of potential stakeholders to inform the development of holistic care guidelines for individuals with hypospadias. By engaging these stakeholders, we aim to develop consensus-based, long-term follow-up guidelines and tools to address the evolving physical and psychosocial needs of people with hypospadias over a lifetime. The use of qualitatively derived thematic codes to search for relevant literature is an accessible approach to identifying relevant stakeholders. These findings underscore the importance of involving diverse, multidisciplinary expertise to ensure comprehensive, patient-centered care in complex genitourinary conditions.
Case Report: Ocular paroxysmal non-epileptic events as the presenting sign of celiac disease in children: a case series
Authors: Monzani Alice , Genoni Giulia , Papa Amanda , Paggi Noemi , Capra Eleonora , Brustia Francesca , Rabbone Ivana
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Neurologic manifestations may be presenting signs of celiac disease (CD). Pediatric-onset paroxysmal non-epileptic events (PNEEs) are not included among them.

Cases presentation

We report the case of two children who presented with ocular PNEEs in association with mild symptoms evocative for CD, who were subsequently diagnosed with CD and experienced regression of PNEEs on a gluten-free diet. Data from 12 patients undergoing neurological evaluation in 2019–2023 for ocular PNEEs were reviewed: 3 (25%) had a subsequent diagnosis of CD.

Conclusions

Ocular PNEEs could be a presenting manifestation of CD. In the diagnostic work-up of PNEEs, screening for CD could be included, both to avoid unnecessary tests and to promptly start a gluten-free diet, which might lead to a favorable clinical response.
Mycophenolate mofetil after tacrolimus for refractory clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: a case report
Authors: Ling Gui-Chen , Su Chang , Guo Ying-Ao , Qiu Xia , Liu Jia-Wei , Xiao Min , Xiao Yu-Ya , Yang Shuo , Zhang Jian-Yong , Xie Jing-Jing
Published: October 2024

Dermatomyositis (DM) positive for anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibodies, mainly when linked with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD), is considered a refractory disease. Our report describes a critical case of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with RP-ILD that tested positive for both anti-MDA5 and anti-Ro-52 antibodies. The patient showed a limited response to a combined therapy regimen of prednisone, iguratimod, and tacrolimus. However, after adjunct therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the patient’s condition was controlled, his serum KL-6 levels decreased, and anti-MDA5 antibodies became negative. During the 68-week follow-up, the patient’s condition remained stable, with a satisfactory quality of life. This report also discusses the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of CADM and RP-ILD. Further research is required to confirm these results and investigate the application of MMF in maintenance therapy for CADM-associated RP-ILD.
Identification of novel SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors by molecular docking, in vitro assays, molecular dynamics simulations and DFT analyses
Authors: Zong Keli , Wei Chaochun , Li Wei , Ruan Jiajun , Zhang Susu , Li Jingjing , Liu Xiaojing , Zhao Xu , Cao Ruiyuan , Yan Hong , Li Xingzhou
Published: October 2024

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented a significant threat to global health and the economy, necessitating urgent efforts to develop effective antiviral drugs. The main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a critical target for antiviral therapy due to its essential role in viral replication.

Methods

In order to find new structural types of 3CLpro inhibitors to facilitate the solution to the problem of new virus resistance. Six potential pharmacologically bioactive compounds were identified by utilizing structure-based virtual screening and in vitro assays from the Topscience database containing 10 million compounds.

Results and Discussion

Among these, compounds 34 and 36 exhibited potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 6.12 ± 0.42 μM and 4.47 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. To elucidate their binding mechanisms with 3CLpro, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA), free energy landscapes (FEL) and dynamic cross-correlation maps (DCCM) revealed that the binding of compounds 34 and 36 to 3CLpro significantly enhanced the structural stability of 3CLpro, reducing conformational flexibility and internal motions. The results of protein-ligand interaction showed that compounds 34 and 36 formed strong and stable interactions to key residues at active site of 3CLpro with different binding modes from S-217622. And HOMO-LUMO gap and molecular electrostatic potential distribution revealed the quantum chemical properties of compounds 34 and 36. These findings suggested that compounds 34 and 36 can be as novel SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors and promising lead-like drug candidates for developing COVID-19 treatments.
Identification of moment equations via data-driven approaches in nonlinear Schrödinger models
Authors: Yang Su , Chen Shaoxuan , Zhu Wei , Kevrekidis P. G.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The moment quantities associated with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation offer important insights into the evolution dynamics of such dispersive wave partial differential equation (PDE) models. The effective dynamics of the moment quantities are amenable to both analytical and numerical treatments.

Methods

In this paper, we present a data-driven approach associated with the “Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics” (SINDy) to capture the evolution behaviors of such moment quantities numerically.

Results and Discussion

Our method is applied first to some well-known closed systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which describe the evolution dynamics of relevant moment quantities. Our examples are, progressively, of increasing complexity and our findings explore different choices within the SINDy library. We also consider the potential discovery of coordinate transformations that lead to moment system closure. Finally, we extend considerations to settings where a closed analytical form of the moment dynamics is not available.
Correlations between coagulation abnormalities and inflammatory markers in trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Wen Ke , Lin Zhexuan , Tan Haizhu , Han Ming
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In multiple trauma patients, the occurrence of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is closely associated with tissue damage and coagulation function abnormalities in the pathophysiological process.

Methods

This study established a multiple trauma and shock model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and comprehensively utilized histological staining and radiographic imaging techniques to observe injuries in the intestine, liver, skeletal muscles, and bones. Monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet (PLT) count, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and other physiological indicators revealed time-dependent alterations in coagulation function and physiological indicators. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of inflammatory factors Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial injury marker (Syndecan-1) were also conducted.

Results

Experimental results demonstrated significant changes in tissue structure after multiple traumas, although widespread necrosis or hemorrhagic lesions were not observed. There were time-dependent alterations in coagulation function and physiological indicators. ELISA measurements showed a strong positive correlation between the significant decrease in PLT count and the increase in TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations.

Discussion

The study provides crucial information for the early diagnosis and treatment of TIC. The findings suggest that structured monitoring of coagulation and inflammatory indicators can help in understanding the pathophysiological changes and aid in the management of TIC in multiple trauma patients.
Variations in health literacy and influential factors affecting the categories of social support among rural patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Yan-Ping , Zeng Lin , Li Xiang , Han Jia-Xia , Fu Gui-Fen , Bai Chao-Qun , Lei Xiao-Xue
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore the inherent classification of social support among individuals residing in rural areas of China. Additionally, we aim to examine the attributes and variations in health literacy scores among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) within diverse social support categories.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Employing the multi-stage stratified sampling technique, we enrolled 2,178 patients diagnosed with DM residing in the rural regions of Guangxi Province. We utilized the General Information Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument.

Results

The rural patients with DM were categorized into four distinct groups based on the types and levels of their underlying social support. These groups included a low-level social support utilization group (43%), a low-level objective social support group (17%), a moderate-level social support group (20%), and a high-level social support and high-level utilization group (20%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the four groups in terms of age, disease duration, and blood sugar control level (p < 0.05). Furthermore, health literacy scores and scores across various dimensions for rural patients with DM demonstrated variability in accordance with latent profiles of social support, with statistically significant differences observed (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was identified between the level of social support and all dimensions of health literacy among rural patients with DM (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The social support available to individuals with DM in rural settings can be categorized into four distinct types, and its manifestation is influenced by demographic factors. The health literacy of rural patients with DM is intricately linked to the extent of social support they receive. For enhanced outcomes, interventions targeted at enhancing health literacy and quality of life among rural patients with DM should be tailored to address the heterogeneity observed in latent profiles of social support.
Regional and social disparities in cessation behavior and motivation to quit among U.S. adult current smokers, Tobacco Use Supplement to the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey 2014–15 and 2018–19
Authors: Johnson Candon , Martinez Jose
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Variation in smoking cessation behaviors and motivators across the United States may contribute to health disparities. This study investigates regional differences over time in two key cessation motivators (quit interest and doctor's advice to quit) and two cessation behaviors (past-year quit attempts and recent successful cessation) across diverse demographic factors.

Methods

Data were analyzed from two releases of the Tobacco Use Supplement to the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) for the years 2014–15 and 2018–19. The analysis included sex, age, race and ethnicity, education, marital status, employment status, and household income.

Results

Findings from 2018 to 2019 TUS-CPS revealed that quit interest was highest in the Northeast and lowest in the Midwest, while doctor's advice to quit was most prevalent in the Northeast and least in the West. Past-year quit attempts were most common in the Northeast and least in the South. Recent successful cessation (defined as quitting for 6 to 12 months) was highest in the Northeast and Midwest, with the South showing the lowest rates. Compared to the 2014–15 survey, 14 demographic groups (7 in the Midwest, 6 in the South, and 1 in the West) showed decreases in both quit interest and actions to quit. Notably, the Asian non-Hispanic group in the Northeast experienced a significant decrease in quit interest (–17.9%) but an increase in recent successful cessation (+369.2%).

Discussion

Overall, the study indicates that while quit interest was highest in the West, the South exhibited the lowest rates of quit attempts and successful cessation. Significant differences were also noted between age groups. These findings highlight the need for further research into cessation behaviors at more granular levels to inform policies aimed at reducing smoking-related health disparities among populations facing the greatest challenges in cessation.
Paediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the development of patient-specific therapy: ethical perspectives through experts’ opinions
Authors: Stolte Frederik , Aleksandrova-Yankulovska Silviya , Thiemicke Paul , Orzechowski Marcin , Schuetz Catharina , Steger Florian
Published: October 2024

Background

Research for personalised therapies concerning the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in children involves the utilisation of OMICS technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Methods

To identify specific ethical challenges through the perspective of healthcare professionals, we conducted 10 semi-structured interviews. The development of interview questions for the interviews was preceded by a systematic review of the scientific literature. To address the complexities of paediatric emergency research, informed consent, and data processing, experts with expertise in paediatric intensive care, computer science, and medical law were sought. After the transcription and anonymisation, the analysis followed established guidelines for qualitative content and thematic analysis.

Results

Interviewees highlighted the intricacies of managing consent in personalised SIRS research due to the large amount and complexity of information necessary for autonomous decision-making. Thus, instruments aimed at enhancing the understanding of legal guardians and to empowering the child were appreciated and the need for specific guidelines and establishing standards was expressed. Medical risks were estimated to be low, but the challenges of securing anonymisation and data protection were expected. It was emphasised that risks and benefits cannot be anticipated at this stage. Social justice issues were identified because of possible biases within the research population. Our findings were analysed using current ethical and legal frameworks for research with a focus on the particularities of the patient group and the emergency background. In this particular context, experts advocated for an enabling approach pertaining to AI in combination with OMICS technologies.

Conclusion

As with every new technological development, ethical and legal challenges cannot be foreseen for SIRS-personalised treatment. Given this circumstance, experts emphasised the importance of extending the ethics-legal discourse beyond mere restrictions. The organisation of supervision should be reconsidered and not limited only to the precautionary principle, which per se was seen as impeding both the medical progress and clinical flexibility. It was noted that the establishment and monitoring of guidelines were emergent and should evolve through an interdisciplinary discourse. Therefore, it was recommended to enhance the qualifications of physicians in the field of computer science, impart ethics training to AI developers, and involve experts with expertise in medical law and data protection.
Real-time crop row detection using computer vision- application in agricultural robots
Authors: Khan Md. Nazmuzzaman , Rahi Adibuzzaman , Rajendran Veera P. , Al Hasan Mohammad , Anwar Sohel
Published: October 2024

The goal of achieving autonomous navigation for agricultural robots poses significant challenges, mostly arising from the substantial natural variations in crop row images as a result of weather conditions and the growth stages of crops. The processing of the detection algorithm also must be significantly low for real-time applications. In order to address the aforementioned requirements, we propose a crop row detection algorithm that has the following features: Firstly, a projective transformation is applied to transform the camera view and a color-based segmentation is employed to distinguish crop and weed from the background. Secondly, a clustering algorithm is used to differentiate between the crop and weed pixels. Lastly, a robust line-fitting approach is implemented to detect crop rows. The proposed algorithm is evaluated throughout a diverse range of scenarios, and its efficacy is assessed in comparison to four distinct existing solutions. The algorithm achieves an overall intersection over union (IOU) of 0.73 and exhibits robustness in challenging scenarios with high weed growth. The experiments conducted on real-time video featuring challenging scenarios show that our proposed algorithm exhibits a detection accuracy of over 90% and is a viable option for real-time implementation. With the high accuracy and low inference time, the proposed methodology offers a viable solution for autonomous navigation of agricultural robots in a crop field without damaging the crop and thus can serve as a foundation for future research.
Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Reynolds Andy
Published: October 2024

Over the last few years, there has been much effort put into the development and validation of stochastic models of the trajectories of swarming insects. These models typically assume that the positions and velocities of swarming insects can be represented by continuous jointly Markovian processes. These models are first-order autoregressive processes. In more sophisticated models, second-order autoregressive processes, the positions, velocities, and accelerations of swarming insects are collectively Markovian. Although it is mathematically conceivable that this hierarchy of stochastic models could be extended to higher orders, here I show that such a procedure would not be well-based biologically because some terms in these models represent processes that have the potential to destabilize insect flight dynamics. This prediction is supported by an analysis of pre-existing data for laboratory swarms of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. I suggest that the Reynolds number is a finely tuned property of swarming, as swarms may disintegrate at both sufficiently low and sufficiently high Reynolds numbers.