bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON BACTERIAL GROWTH OF KN95 MASK
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Amelia Ratnata , Wardoyo Eustachius Hagni , Puspitasari Candra Eka , Hasina Raisya
Published: July 2022

Pandemic SARS CoV-2 is currently spreading around the world. Preventive measures to be implemented include using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) especially mask which lead to a lack of mask supply. Strategy is proposed by decontaminating it so that it can be used repeatedly. This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of UV radiation disinfection in different duration on the KN95 mask. This research was conducted by decontaminating of KN95 mask using UV radiation with radiation time of 15, 30, and 45 minutes. The mask was swab before and after the radiation. Examination for the growth of pathogen bacterial colonies and total plate count method was done to determine the effectivity. It was found the number of germs before and after  has decreased significantly radiation at 30 (P = 0.036) and 45 minutes (P = 0.037). It also can be effective in decontaminating pathogen bacterial as the number colony of Staphylococcus aureus has decreased significantly in 30 minutes (P=0.034) and 45 minutes exposure (P= 0.037).  The results of this study indicate that UV radiation for 30 and 45 minutes can be effective in decontaminating pathogen bacterial
The Role Of Parents In Character Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Perspective Of The Qur’an And Hadith
Authors: Dewi Dinny Pertiwi , Nadlif Ainun
Published: July 2022

The presence of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has changed almost all aspects of life, one of them being the aspect of education. With the help of technology, the teaching process is done online from the home of each student. The role of parents, in this case, is very much needed in educating children for the formation of characters that are not obtained in the school environment. This article aims to determine the role of parents in shaping the character of their children during the Covid-19 pandemic through the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith. By using a descriptive qualitative research method, the implementation of the research is carried out by field observation. The conclusion of this research is that role of parents is important in shaping the character of their children n to become better children, as an educator, facilitators, motivators, and role models for the child (Al-Uswah Al-Hashanah).
Leadership Competencies: a School Leader Evaluation
Authors: Waris Tasrim Isnada , M Gamar Mahfud
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at examining how teachers evaluate their principal’s leadership competencies in terms of principal-staff relation, organization, and building management, student relationship, curriculum and program development, community, and parent relation. This descriptive qualitative research was conducted at elementary and middle schools. The subjects were 30 teachers. The data were gathered using the Performance Evaluation of Education Leader. The data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively reported. The findings revealed that the principals at the two schools show different results. The principal of elementary school effectively perform in principal-staff relations, students’ relationships, and community and parent relations. Meanwhile, the principal of middle school show effective performance not only in the above three-mentioned aspects but also in organization and building management as well as curriculum and program development.
Gender Justice in Islamic Education (A review of the book Al-Adala al-Ijtima'iyya fi'l-Islam by Sayyid Qutub)
Authors: Awaluddin Asep , Saputro Anip Dwi , Arifin Syamsul
Published: July 2022

The problem of gender justice in Islamic education starts from history and is still visible on the outside in our Islamic educational institutions. It was only in the 20th century that women obtained equal rights in education, although this equality had not been fully marked by the leaders of educational institutions in general, which were men. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with library-based data collection. The results of this study indicate that there is a need for gender equality reformulation in the leadership of Islamic educational institutions so that they can be more advanced and have high competitiveness, namely by utilizing a leadership model that includes women as part of the leadership board, namely 1) forming a board of directors. leaders of educational institutions by paying attention to gender participation, 2) increasing the facilitation of Islamic educational institutions for women, including sports and skills facilities.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keuntungan Usaha Mikro Studi Kasus Nasabah Pkp Karya Harapan Pemalang
Authors: Khoirunisa'a Alifah , Kadarwati Nunik , Gunawan Dyah Setyorini
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKSecara umum masalah yang dihadapi oleh usaha mikro di Kabupaten Pemalang adalah masalah keuntungan, dimana masih banyak pengusaha mikro yang belum mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja  yang dapat mempengaruhi keuntungan usaha. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian primer dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian yaitu usaha mikro nasabah PKP Karya Harapan Kabupaten Pemalang, dengan sampel sebanyak 109 orang. Simple random sampling method digunakan dalam penentuan responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dan uji elastisitas.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa modal usaha, kredit usaha, jam kerja, lama usaha, dan tingkat pendidikan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keuntungan usaha mikro nasabah PKP Karya Harapan. Variabel modal usaha, kredit usaha, lama usaha, dan tingkat pendidikan secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan variabel jam kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap keuntungan usaha mikro nasabah PKP Karya Harapan. Selain itu, variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap keuntungan usaha mikro nasabah PKP Karya Harapan yaitu variabel modal usaha.Kata Kunci : Keuntungan, Modal Usaha, Kredit Usaha, Jam Kerja, Lama Usaha, Tingkat   Pendidikan.
OPTIMASI SINGLE RESPONSE PROSES RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING PADA PENGGABUNGAN BAJA BEDA MATERIAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKSPERIMENTAL TAGUCHI
Authors: Sukarman Sukarman - , Abdulah Amri
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKArtikel ini menyajikan analisis eksperimental pengoptimalan resistance spot welding (pengelasan titik resistansi) yang telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan mesin spot welding dengan sistem gaya penekan pneumatik (pressure force system/ PFS) pada kedua elektrodanya. Optimasi dilakukan dengan mengabungkan baja beda material galvanis (SGCC-JIS G 3302) dengan baja karbon rendah SPHC (JIS 3131). Baja SGCC merupakan pelat lembaran SPCC-SD (JIS 3141) yang dilapisi seng (Zn) dengan ketebalan sekitar 18.5 mikron. Lapisan seng dengan ketebalan yang cukup signifikan, menyebabkan penurunan sifat mampu lasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil pengujian tegangan tarik geser (shear-tensile strength) tertinggi dari parameter resistance spot welding  yang ditentukan. Penelitian menggunakan metode Taguchi 4-variabel dan kombinasi level eksperimen. Kombinasi level ekperimen yang digunakan yaitu, 2-level untuk parameter pertama dan 3-level untuk tiga parameter lainnya. Hasil optimasi didapatkan kekuatan geser-tarik tertinggi pada 5758.96 N yang dicapaai pada squeeze time-22 cycles, welding current-27 kA, welding time-0.6 detik dan holding time-15 cycles. Pengaruh yang signifikan didapat pada welding current dengan delta S / N ratio sebesar 1.21. Parameter signifikan lainya berturut-turut adalah welding time, squeeze time, and holding time. Nilai delta S / N rasio masing-masing adalah  0,95, 0,65 dan 0,19. ABSTRACTThis study presents an experimental optimization of resistance spot welding performed using a pneumatic force (electrode) system (PFS) machine. Optimization was carried out to joint the galvanized steel (SGCC  JIS G 3313) with low-carbon steel (SPHC JIS 3131). SGCC is an SPCC-SD (JIS 3141) plate coated zinc (Zn) with a thickness of about 18.5 microns. A zinc coating, with significant thickness layers, causes the weldability of the metal to decrease. This study aims to obtain the tensile shear strength test results from the specified resistance spot welding parameters. The research used the Taguchi method using 4-variables and a combination of 2-level experiments. This research's practical level is 2-levels for the first parameter and 3-levels for the other parameters. The Taguchi experiment's optimization achieved the highest shear-tensile at 5758.96 N. This works performed at 22 cycles of squeeze time, 27 kA welding current, and welding time of 0.6 seconds and 15 cycles of holding time. The S / N ratio analysis results show that the welding current is the most significant to the outcome and followed by welding time, squeeze time, and holding time. The S / N delta ratio values are 1.21, 0.95, 0.65 and 0.19, respectively.
Pautas de intervención con alumnado con Trastorno de Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad
Authors: Carbajo Vélez Mª Del Carmen
Published: July 2022

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una perturbación del neurodesarrollo muy heterogénea cuya sintomatología suele iniciarse en la infancia y permanece, aunque en menor grado y con características variables, durante la adolescencia y la edad adulta. Se estima que la prevalencia mundial está en torno al 7,2% con una presencia más elevada en hombres que en mujeres y que la edad media de diagnóstico es de 7 años. Por lo tanto, es muy probable que en cualquier aula podamos encontrar al menos dos alumnos con este tipo de trastorno. Además, el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) suele presentarse asociado a trastornos de aprendizaje, de la coordinación motora, de conducta, de ansiedad, de ánimo, de sueño o retrasos simples del lenguaje que tienen una gran repercusión en el ámbito académico. El objetivo de este artículo es favorecer la integración y el proceso educativo del alumnado con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). En primer lugar, se hace una revisión sobre la evolución histórica de este trastorno para llegar a comprender su conceptualización actual y determinar cuáles son las principales manifestaciones y las áreas más afectadas del alumnado en las aulas. Posteriormente se especifican una serie de pautas de intervención u orientaciones generales y específicas de tipo organizativo y metodológico que pretenden favorecer su proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y su correcta inclusión.
Secondary prevention of patients with ischaemic stroke after recanalization treatment
Authors: Benesová Michaela , Krivošík Marek , Kosírová Stanislava , Foltánová Tatiana
Published: July 2022

We performed a retrospective analysis of 100 patients with ischaemic stroke. All patients underwent intravenous thrombolysis in the acute care setting (avg. 2.8 hours, max 4.5 hours) and 10 of them also underwent mechanical thrombectomy. For 20% of the patients, the stroke was fatal. Door to needle time was 38.46 minutes. Although changes in antithrombotic treatment were introduced due to strokes, there was no significant difference in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores between the patients who were on antithrombotic treatment and those who were on no antithrombotic treatment.
Reverse Engineering of Parts with Asymmetrical Properties Using Replacement Materials
Authors: Aladag Mehmet , Bernacka Monika , Joka-Yildiz Magdalena , Grodzki Wojciech , Zamojski Przemysław , Zgłobicka Izabela
Published: July 2022

Reverse engineering (RE) aims at the reproduction of products following a detailed examination of their construction or composition. Nowadays, industrial applications of RE were boosted by combining it with additive manufacturing. Printing of reverse-engineered elements has become an option particularly when spare parts are needed. In this paper, a case study was presented that explains how such an approach can be implemented in the case of products with asymmetric mechanical properties and using replacement materials. In this case study, a reverse engineering application was conducted on a textile machine spare part. To this end, the nearest material was selected to the actual material selection and some mechanical tests were made to validate it. Next, a replacement part was designed by following the asymmetric push-in pull-out characteristic. Finally, the finite element analysis with Additive Manufacturing was combined and validated experimentally.
Key Challenges and Opportunities of Industry 4.0 in Metallurgical Industry in Slovakia
Authors: Richnák Patrik
Published: July 2022

The main objective of the paper was to identify and explain the terms related to Industry 4.0 based on a review of foreign literature and then to interpret the results of the quantitative research. In the construction of the theoretical framework, the analysis, synthesis, comparison of scientific terminology from foreign scientific sources from recent years. Interpretation of the studied issues from the practical aspect was realised on the basis of the evaluation of the questionnaire survey. The object of the research were 29 enterprises participating in the metallurgical industry in Slovakia. The research results indicate that the respondents have partial information about Industry 4.0. Data evaluation also indicated that most of the respondents are applying Industry 4.0 in production. Industry 4.0 in metallurgical enterprises mainly optimise business processes. The use of smart sensors from Industry 4.0 technologies as well as advanced simulation is dominant in metallurgical enterprises in Slovakia.
Exposure to nanographene oxide induces gene expression dysregulation in normal human astrocytes
Authors: Rudnytska Olha V. , Kulish Yuliia V. , Khita Olena O. , Minchenko Dmytro O. , Tsymbal Dariia O. , Viletska Yuliia M. , Sliusar Myroslava Y. , Trufanova Dariia D. , Minchenko Oleksandr H.
Published: July 2022

Objective. Nanographene oxide, an oxidation derivative of graphene, is considered to be one of the nanomaterials attractive for biomedical applications, although this nanomaterial is toxic. The increasing exploitation of graphene-based materials necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of these materials on the human health. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate in detail the mechanisms of its toxic effect on living cells particularly at the genome level. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of low doses of nanographene oxide on the expression of key regulatory genes in normal human astrocytes.

Methods. Normal human astrocytes, line NHA/TS, were exposed to low doses of nanographene oxide (1 and 4 ng/ml) for 24 h. RNA was extracted from the cells and used for cDNA synthesis. The expression levels of NAMPT, TSPAN13, BCAR3, BRCA1, PTGS2, P4HA1, and P4HA2 mRNAs as well as microRNAs were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results. It was found that the low doses of nanographene oxide induced a dysregulation in the expression of the key regulatory genes in normal human astrocytes in dose-dependent (1 and 4 ng/ml) and gene-specific manner. Nanographene oxide also strongly suppressed the expression of NAMPT, BCAR3, and TSPAN13 genes and significantly up-regulated BRCA1, PTGS2, P4HA1, and P4HA2 ones with a more significant effect in P4HA1 and P4HA2 genes. The expression of miR-96-5p and miR-145-5p was also down-regulated in astrocytes treated with nanographene oxide in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate that the low doses of nanographene oxide disturbed the genome functions by changing the expression levels of key regulatory genes in gene-specific and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, a higher dose of nanographene oxide induced more pronounced changes in expression of genes indicating for both genotoxic and neurotoxic possible effects in the normal human astrocytes.
The dilemmas of systematic literature review: the context of crowdsourcing in science
Authors: Lenart-Gansiniec Regina
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The proliferation of knowledge in management sciences is accelerating rapidly. The condition of reliability and originality of research underlies all research activities. Therefore, literature review as a research method is more important than ever. However, searching the enormous and still growing number of published studies can be a difficult undertaking, especially for new concepts for which there is no well-established theory and related conceptualisation or operationalisation. Such newness in turn may limit the conduct of any literature review. The aim of the article is to identify, assess, and classify dilemmas that researchers may face during the planning stage of a systematic literature review.

Findings

Based on the literature review and the author's own experience, a list of ten dilemmas was formulated using the example of a systematic literature review in the context of crowdsourcing in science.

Practical implications

Due to the consolidation of publications in the field of systematic literature review methodology, this article focuses on the dilemmas and challenges that may be faced by researchers conducting systematic literature reviews, especially in the context of new and poorly identified issues. We present dilemmas but also ways to solve them. Our article is aimed at researchers, scientists, and PhD students who may need to conduct a systematic literature review.
Extension and Validation of the Self-care Index to Predict Transfer to a Post-acute Care Institution in Internal Medicine Patients / Erweiterung und Validierung des Selbstpflegeindexes bei internistischen Patienten mit dem Ziel eine Verlegung in eine post-akute Nachsorgeinstitution vorauszusagen
Authors: Conca Antoinette , Koch Daniel , Regez Katharina , Kutz Alexander , Haubitz Sebastian , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Schindler Christian , Spirig Rebecca , Petry Heidi
Published: July 2022

A systematic screening of patients with a need for post-acute care is a helpful support for interprofessional discharge planning teams. We aimed to test self-care abilities, measured by the self-care index (SPI) as predictors of post-acute care transfer and to update the existing SPI prediction model.

We analysed data from a prospective, observational cohort study conducted at the Kantonsspital Aarau between February and October 2013. We updated the SPI model, adding age and gender using a training and validation data set. Logistic regression models were run on the outcome “transfer to a post-acute care facility” and judged based on their AUC (area under curve), AIC (Akaike information criterion), and BIC (Bayesian information criteria) values. ROC curves (receiver operating characteristic) were derived from the models; and cut-points for the linear predictors of the models were defined (thus defining the new scores). Sensitivities and specificities were calculated.

This study included 1372 adult internal medicine in-patients admitted from home, who either returned home or were transferred to a post-acute care institution. The total SPI score was a significant predictor for post-acute care referral (p < 0.001). Including age and gender in the SPI model increased the AUC to 0.85 (training) and 0.84 (validation). An improvement in the AUC by 3% (0.81 [95% CI: 0.77–0.85] to 0.84 [95% CI: 0.80–0.87]), compared to the original SPI was achieved (p = 0.004). The new score reached a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 74% compared to a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 84% for the original score.

The extended SPI can be used as a tool for individualised discharge organisation of internal medicine patients with higher accuracy.
First Fifty Cases with En-Bloc Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
Authors: Georgiev Georgi S. , Kolev Nikolay H. , Dunev Vladislav R. , Atanasov Boyan S.
Published: July 2022

In the last decade, the Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) has become the new gold standard for surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This treatment has several modifications, and the latest one is en bloc (single piece) enucleation. This new method reduces the operative time and risk of early incontinence. The long-term effect is much better than transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). We applied an effective method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia with maximum safety, minimal hospital stays, short operative time, and minimal complications. We operated on 50 patients with BPH with a prostate volume between 30-120 cc. Transrectal ultrasound, uroflowmetry, PSA test, IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), residual urine, digital rectal examination, and laboratory blood and urine tests were performed preoperatively. We used Holmium laser (Auriga XL) 50 W, 600 μm fiber and morcellator (Richard Wolf PIRANHA). During the procedure, the laser’s operating power was 36 W. En bloc Holmium enucleation was performed in all patients, followed by morcellation of the prostatic tissue. The time for enucleation was 11-52 min, morcellation time - 1-10 min, the weight of the enucleated tissue - 15-100 g, enucleation efficiency - 0.67-3.03 g/min, postoperative catheterization time - 24-72h, and hospital stay was 1 to 3 days. One blood transfusion was required. There were no patients with postoperative incontinence or other complications. We conclude that еn bloc Holmium enucleation in BPH is an effective method of treatment that offers maximum performance combined with short operative time, shorter hospital stays, and minimal risk of complications. The learning curve requires at least twenty cases. The recommended prostate gland size for the initial trial should be between 50-60 cc. Starting with small-sized glands increases the risk of capsule perforation, and the enucleation plane is more difficult to find.
A Retrospective Analysis of Treatment of Covid-19 with Favipiravir
Authors: Kulzhanova Sholpan A. , Konkayeva Maiya E. , Smagulova Zauresh K. , Beisenbieva Nazira N. , Tuleshova Gulnara T. , Utegenova Aigul M. , Turebaeva Gulsimzhan O. , Nurakhmetova Gaukhar A.
Published: July 2022

One of the potential therapeutic agents for treating COVID-19 is favipiravir (FPV). This retrospective study compared the treatment of COVID-19 with (FVP group) or without (control group) favipiravir. Demographic characteristics and initial clinical indicators in the two groups were comparable. The level of oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and prevalence of chest pain in the FVP group returned to normal significantly earlier (on the seventh day) compared to the control group (p<0.05). Improvement of patients’ condition in the FVP group occurred significantly earlier than in the control group (p <0.001). In conclusion, FVP treatment’s efficacy was higher than the control management strategy and established an individualized set of therapeutic agents. However, more detailed studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 treatment with favipiravir fully.
Successes and obstacles in the work of upper-secondary schools with newly arrived students: A constructivist-inspired analysis of teachers’ verbal accounts regarding their schools’ organizational and practical work
Authors: Medegård Emma , Henrixon Karolina , Basic Goran
Published: July 2022

This study presents new knowledge arising from teachers’ verbal accounts of successes and obstacles in the organizational and practical work of upper-secondary schools with newly arrived students. The analysis reveals several dimensions contributing to the construction and reconstruction of successes and obstacles in the teachers’ accounts. Teachers are constructed as actors with a power advantage relative to the “newly arrived student.” They set the agenda for student behavior, with an inclusive approach that is crucial to achieving success and counteracting obstacles. The approach imposes demands on how upper-secondary schools organize their work with newly arrived students and plays a role in determining supports and room for maneuvering that teachers have. Through the presented analysis, the study contributes to the development of knowledge in terms of four areas. First is the narrative processing of the combination of success and obstacles in the work with newly arrived students. Second is the importance of these stories for the representation of social pedagogical recognition and lack of recognition in the school context. The third area is identity creation and re-creation of professional actors (teachers), and the fourth area of knowledge involves alternative approaches to analysis compared to the typically expected didactic perspective. The study also contributes to the development of knowledge regarding the question of how a school’s morals function in relation to the previous and current experiences of teachers and newly arrived students.
Movement belongs to all of us? Thinking interdisciplinarity with early childhood studies and kinesiology
Authors: Land Nicole
Published: July 2022

This article takes up a question of how early childhood studies and kinesiology might undertake interdisciplinarity together. Working with the provocation of the phrase ‘movement belongs to all of us’, this article probes the character of three particular interdisciplinary alliances between early childhood studies and kinesiology, asking what becomes possible and impossible for interdisciplinary work amid each collision. These intersections include moving with humans and new materialist movements, dancing childhoods and bodily boundaries, and doing collaboratories and social justice. Working closely with each of these intersections, I propose discord, perceptibility, and collectivity as three possible practices toward inventing unfamiliar interdisciplinarity between early childhood studies and kinesiology.
School, forced displacement and teacher knowledge in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Ana María León , Becerra Absalón Jiménez
Published: July 2022

This article presents an analysis of the links between teacher practice and forced displacement based on a theoretical conceptualization and the narratives of the main actors: teachers and students of the first cycle of two schools in the city of Bogota. We analyze the contexts of the schools and the dynamics of the school scenarios. The research enabled us to identify the territories’ importance in the construction of identities and people’s life histories; to reaffirm the school as a political and social ground; the teacher´s role in mediating and encouraging new experiences and life projects, and finally the importance to generate qualification processes with and for the teachers who enhance their practices with forced displaced children in a “welcoming” community.
Qualities Required for Accounting Professionals from the Perspective of Capitalizing the Accounting Information
Authors: Ciuhureanu Alina-Teodora
Published: July 2022

Often, the relationship between professional accountant and manager works on the principle “I offer you if you ask” but, in our opinion, a good professional is the one who knows how to emphasize the need to “request”. Thus, in order to have this capacity, professional training is not enough but it requires many other qualities of the accounting team, namely the ability to perceive and act very quickly, adaptability, creativity (not in a negative sense), teamwork, ability to learn etc. In this context, the paper aims to analyze the perception of managers regarding the qualities needed by professional accountants from the perspective of capitalizing the accounting information.
Fundamentals of Financial Operations in the Military Organisation
Authors: Milandru Marius , Floştoiu Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Public financial resources are constituted at the level of the state budget and are used and allocated to institutions for the general interests of the community in accordance with national legislation. Their optimal use requires the application of appropriate financial management, which in concrete terms is the science and art of conducting operations for the full use of financial resources to efficiently achieve the proposed objectives. Thus, financial management starts with the organization of financial planning, through forecasting, and is completed by the execution of the allocated budget. The coordination of public financial resources leads to the achievement of financial discipline, as well as to the obligation to respect the legality and conformity of public expenditure regulations applicable to the military organisation.
The Impact of Public Budget Distortion on the Defence Capabilities of the New European Nato Member States
Authors: Müllner Vojtěch , Nečas Kamil
Published: July 2022

Armies’ capabilities are determined by their endowments of resources. The economic crisis that began in 2008 has distorted public budgets, which forced states to start cost-cutting policies. If we focus on the policy of new NATO member states, we can observe that public expenditure cuts affect defense budgets in different states in various ways. If we compare the defense capabilities of countries at the beginning of the economic crisis and ten years after the outbreak of the crisis, the reduction in defense spending is reflected in the loss of some defense capabilities due to the limited possibilities of maintaining and modernizing existing military equipment. Countries that have reduced their defense spending over the long term show a more significant loss of defense capability than countries that reduced their defense spending only in the period immediately after the economic crisis. The different approach to defense spending confirms the previously described phenomenon of free-riding by some NATO member states, which rely on the defense capabilities of their alliance partners while they are slowly losing their defense capabilities.
Effects of Globalization on the Internationalization and Management of the Activity of the Multinational Companies
Authors: Stanciu Leontin , Stanciu Cristian-Lucian
Published: July 2022

Under the conditions of the contemporary economy, the intensification of foreign trade is a fundamental requirement of economic growth, of business internationalization and, implicitly, of economic globalization. On the other hand, business development in the international environment, regardless of the size of the economic entities or their field of activity, tends to become a prerequisite of organizational existence. For this reason, the business strategies must be synchronized with the requirements and demands of the economic globalization. In this context, the authors of the present paper aimed to identify and briefly present the main effects of the globalization on the business internationalization and the management of the multinational companies.
Economic Imbalances Caused By the Abuse of Some Clauses Inserted in Credit Contracts
Authors: Țîrlea Mariana Rodica
Published: July 2022

Credit agreements are membership contracts. Sometimes, within these types of contracts, significant imbalances can occur caused by the insertion of abusive clauses in the credit agreements. Significant imbalances are of an economic nature, created in order for professionals to obtain economic benefits in a manner that is contrary to good faith. The finding of abusive clauses is made “in concrete” only by the court. Once these abusive clauses have been found by the court, the abusive clauses can follow two variants of solutions, respectively: a). Within the contract they may be replaced by other clauses and b). they can be completely removed from bank credit agreements. In the first variant, the abusive clauses will be replaced with other clauses that will have as objective, the correction of the significant imbalances and the assurance of the balance of the credit agreements. In the second variant, the abusive clauses are struck by nullity and can sometimes have major consequences, materialized even in the cancellation of the entire credit agreement. The adopted solution will be based on the concrete situation of each case. The practice further proves the existence of these abusive clauses in one form or another, in credit agreements.
International Ideation for Hybrid ESP Teaching
Authors: Georgieva Valentina
Published: July 2022

The paper shares some of the experience gained in the ideation process of generating and designing tasks in Specialised Military English for a hybrid learning environment. The product of the ideation is targeted at military and security specialists and is the result of an international project under the EU’s Erasmus+ programme N 2020-1-BG01-KA203-079117. Definitions of ideation, interactive activity/learning, hybrid learning, and ESP are suggested. The main phases of the HELPSec international ideation process of the project partners are presented and some techniques of this process are exemplified.
Damage to inverse hybrid laminate structures: an analysis of shear strength test
Authors: Frankiewicz Mariusz , Ziółkowski Grzegorz , Dziedzic Robert , Osiecki Tomasz , Scholz Peter
Published: July 2022

Hybrid laminates with continuous fiber reinforcement, such as glass reinforced aluminium laminate (GLARE), aramid reinforced aluminum laminate (ARALL), or carbon reinforced aluminum laminate (CARALL), have been developed to increase the lightweight potential and fatigue resistance applied for aircraft structures. However, the use of thermosetting matrices imposes material limitations regarding recycling, malleability, and manufacturing-cycle times. The inverse hybrid laminate approach is based on a continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix, in which a metal insert is integrated. For efficient manufacturing of the novel composites in high-volume production processes, conventional sheet metal–forming methods have been applied. It helped to reduce the cycle times and the costs of the forming equipment compared to currently used hybrid laminate-processing technologies. The present study analyzes the damage to the inverse hybrid laminate structures resulting from the interlaminar shear strength test. The tests were performed for eight laminate material configurations, which differed by the type and directions of the reinforced glass and carbon fibers in the polyamide matrix and the number of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) layers in the laminates. Industrial computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were used for analysis. Observed damages, including fiber–matrix debonding, fiber breakages, matrix fractures, interfacial debonding, and delamination in selected areas of the material, are strictly dependent on the laminate configurations. FRP layers reinforced by fibers perpendicular to the bending axis presented better resistance against fractures of the matrix, but their adhesion to the aluminum inserts was lower than in layers reinforced by fibers parallel to the bending axis.
Shopfloor Management – A Tool of Lean Management
Authors: Wester Lars Christopher , Hitka Milos
Published: July 2022

Lean management is an approach to continuous process optimisation. The methodology involves the entire value chain. The individual links are made more efficient and thus leaner. The main goal of lean management is to use various lean methods, procedures and thinking principles to coordinate all processes and activities in such a way that any kind of waste along the value chain is avoided in a holistic production system. This would result in the following main difficulties: Transporting information quickly and purposefully to the right places in the company. This is where the lean tool of shopfloor Management (SFM) comes into its own. The shopfloor board is the communication platform of SFM. Shopfloor takes place very close to the employees in a direct interaction between employees and managers. Staff are directly involved in the process and should and can contribute their own approaches to solutions. The article provides an overview of the structure of shopfloor management (SFM) and proves that the goals set by the introduction itself – namely the optimised flow of information in the company with the involvement of all employees – are achieved through shopfloor Management. The method of a structured interview with 63 respondents is used to obtain data.
Rare Blood Groups in ABO, Rh, Kell Systems – Biological and Clinical Significance
Authors: Ristovska Elena , Bojadjieva Тatjana Makarovska , Velkova Еmilija , Dimceva Аnita Hristova , Todorovski Bojan , Tashkovska Marija , Rastvorceva Rada Grubovic , Bosevski Marijan
Published: July 2022

Background: The frequency of ABO, Rh and Kell blood group antigens differs among populations of different ethnic ancestry. There are low-frequency antigens (<1%) and high-frequency antigens (>90%). A rare blood group is defined as the absence of a high-frequency antigen in the general population, as well as absence of multiple frequent antigens within a single or multiple blood group systems.

Aim: To perform red blood cell typing and to calculate the antigen and phenotype frequencies, in order to identify rare blood group donors within the clinically most important АВО, Rh and Kell systems.

Material and Methods: АВО, Rh (D, C, E, c, e) and Kell (K) antigen typing was performed using specific monoclonal sera and microplate technique, while Cellano (k) typing was performed with a monoclonal anti-k, antihuman globulin and column agglutination technique. Weak ABO subgroups were determined using the absorption elution method or molecular genotyping (PCR-SSP).

Results: ABO antigen frequency is: A (40.89%), O (34.22%), B (16.97%), AB (7.92%) and weak ABO subgroups (0, 009 %). The established genotypes were AxO1 (0, 0026%) and AxB (0, 001%). Rh antigen frequency is: D (85.79%), C (71.7%), c (76.0%), E (26.0%) and е (97.95%). The most common Rh pheno-type is the DCcee (32.7%) while the rarest phenotype is the DCCEE phenotype (0. 003%). The prevalence of K and k antigen is 7.5% and 99.94%, respectively. The frequency of the rare phenotype K+k- is 0.06%.

Conclusion: Large scale phenotyping of blood group antigens enables the identification of blood donors with rare blood groups for patients with rare phenotypes or with antibodies to high-frequency antigens and to frequent antigens within one or more blood group systems.
Effects of Standard and Individualized Dialysate Sodium in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Upon Echocardiography Parameters
Authors: Eftimovska-Otovikj Natasha , Stojceva-Taneva Olivera , Petkovikj Natasha
Published: July 2022

Aims: This study assessed the effects of individualized dialysis sodium prescription on changes of echo-cardiography in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: 77 chronic hemodialysis patients were analysed. In the first phase all patients underwent dialysis with standard dialysate sodium of 138 mmol/L followed by the second phase where dialysis was performed with individualized dialysate sodium concentration according to average pre HD serum sodium concentration. After the first phase, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: normotensive, hypertensive and hypotensive based on the average pre-HD systolic BP during the first phase. In all patients echocardiography was performed at the end of the first and second phase.

Results: Patients had no statistical significant change in blood pressure compared with standard dialysate sodium, only statistical significant change in interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). By dividing the patients, sodium individualization resulted in significantly lower blood pressure and IDWG (p=0.018) in hyper-tensive patients, whereas normotensive patients showed only significant decrease in IDWG (p=0,004). Hypertensive patients had significant highest sodium gradient compared to other patients (p<0.05), followed by significant increase of 0,6% IDWG confirmed with univariate regression analysis. In all patients, echocardiography analysis showed an increase of 2.04 mm of LVDD by increasing the sodium gradient for 1 mmol/L and significantly increased LVM of 35.69 gr by 1 kg increase in IDWG.

Conclusions: A reduction of the dialysate sodium concentration based on the pre HD serum sodium level of the patient, reduced the SBP, DBP and IDWG and decreased the volume overload upon the heart and consequently heart hypertrophy assessed by echocardiography.
Origin of the Scythians of the Northern Black Sea Region: Issues, Hypotheses and Prospects
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Dobrovolskyi Liubomyr S. , Sydykov Yerlan B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Umitkaliev Ulan U. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazhenova Gulnar T. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2022

At the current stage of Scythology, numerous studies of archaeological monuments have been carried out, their historical and cultural interpretation has been given; zones of move- ment and regions that did not have a permanent population were determined; potential initial foci of migration and innovation have been identified. A general methodological approach has been proposed for synchronizing Asian materials with Scythian chronology; the concept of the formation of nomadic cultures in the Asian mountain-steppe regions has been put forward, archaeological materials has been combined into cultural and chronological hori- zons. However, there are tendencies towards subjectivity of assessments and interpretations concerning the entire spectrum of Scythian issues. The absence of ethnic attribution of the concept of "Scythian" and generally accepted definitions of the concepts of "Scythian cul- ture" and "Scythian archaeological culture" are considered by the authors the reasons for the complexity of the ever expanding topical issues of the "Scythian question". The difficulty of their identifying is due to the intersection and blurring of the boundaries of the areas of distribution of monuments of the "culture of the Scythian type", equally belonging to the territory of the Northern Black Sea region and other territories of the "Scythian world". In the further development of the complex issues of the genesis of the Scythians and their culture, the authors consider inevitable and expedient rational and systemic integration and further development of various hypotheses put forward by the classics of archaeology, as well as their deepening at a new epistemological level of modern knowledge.
Children’s Burials of the Srubnaya Culture in the Southern Urals. Research in the Age Groups and Stages of Children Socialization
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Berseneva Natalia A.
Published: July 2022

The study concerns children’s burials of the Srubnaya culture (Bronze Age, the South Urals). The assumption that grave goods are related to the gender and age of the dead and may also reflect the stages of growing up of children and their inclusion in economic life (gender and labour socialization) was the theoretical basis of the research. A sample consisting of 178 anthropologically identified individuals who died before the age of 15 years was analyzed. This sample was divided into three age sub-groups in order to catch the dynamics in distribution of the grave goods in accordance to age and in order to identify the different stages of children’s life course. The author’s study demonstrated that children before 2 years old were mostly accompanied by gender-neutral grave goods (ceramic vessels) or were buried without any items. After this age grave goods become more diverse and numerous. It is possible to suggest that gender socialization in the Srubnaya society started around the age of two-three but female gender was marked more often than male. The study of age dynamics demonstrates that as the children grew older, the number of jewelry increased, while other items were still few in number. Labour socialization was not reflected in burial rite. The perspective of the study is seen in the extension of the source base and further analysis of artifacts, including ceramic material.
Silver Coins of the 13th – Beginning of the 15th Centuries from the Excavation CLXXIX at the Bolgar Fortifi ed Settlement
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Valeev Rafael M. , Bugarchev Alexey I. ,   Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

The article presents the study of one group of silver coins found on the territory of the CLXXIX excavation site at the Bolgar fortified settlement. Almost all of them were minted at the Bulgarian mints during the period 1251–1332. The total amount, according to the authors' calculations, reaches 134 dirhams and fractions. A table is provided indicating the weight and time of minting of each type. Also, a treasure consisting of 46 coins was found in the excavation. After studying the stratigraphy, the authors suggested that there could be three more small treasures in squares 19, 49 and 53 of the CLXXIX excavation. Using the metrology of coins from the excavation, the authors distributed all numismatic material by weight groups. Two photo tables with images of 25 coins are attached to the article.
Glazed Bowl with Persian Pottery from Azak
Authors:   Azov Historiсal, Archaeological and Paleontological Museum-Reserve, Iudin Nikita I. , Maslovsky Andrey N. ,   Azov History, Archaeology and Paleontology Museum-Reserve, Kazempur Mehdi ,   Tabriz University of Islamic Arts
Published: July 2022

The article presents translation of the inscriptions on a big glazed bowl of Azerbaijani origin from the excavations of Azak. This find is unique for the archaeology of the Golden Horde. For the first time, since the moment of discovery, full translation, the preserved part of an inscription is published. The poetic text belongs to the previously unknown poet, Mokhi Al Din Ali Olnasser. This is one of the most voluminous epigraphic monuments found during the excavations of the Golden Horde sites. A fragment from the Samosdelka settlement, which bears the name of the master potter, Mahmud ibn Yusuf, probably comes from a bowl with a similar inscription. The work also provides information about the share and chronology of Shirvan ceramics in the complex of finds from Azak and other cities of the Golden Horde, gives its technological description and cites some of the most striking images.
Wooden Sheaths with Metallic Coating in the Middle Age Perm Cis-Urals
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Centre of the Uralski branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Podosenova Yulia A. ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Krylasova Natalia B. ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University; Perm scientific center Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Danich Andrey V. ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: July 2022

On the territory of the Perm cis-Urals during the Middle Ages wooden knife sheaths coated with metallic plates became popular. Most sheaths’ decorations were made of metal alloys with a high percentage of silver. Some specimens were decorated with grains, filigree, glass or stone encrustations, gild, and printed anthropomorphic and ornitomorphic images. The object of the article is to introduce into scientific discourse the sources and research results that will facilitate determining basic technological characteristics and individual features in the sheaths’ functions. Based on source collection and categorization, the authors reveal how diverse the items were, as well as the scale of their production. Coin material facilitated determining the period of the sheaths’ highest popularity, which is the 9th and the first half of the 10th centuries. Nevertheless, there are specimens dating back to the 11th century as well. The analysis of the features of the occurrence in burials, taking into account paleoanthropological data, allowed us to conclude that the sheaths with metal plates was part of a belt set and was used in women's costume as a symbolic and decorative element. Some items made their way from the Perm cis-Urals to the Udmurt cis-Urals (the Polom archaeological culture) and to the territory of Volga Bulgaria. It is possible that there were local production centres for these items in the Udmurt cis-Urals and on the territory of the ancient Mari people.