bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Nanoemulsions Containing Coconut Oil with Mixed Emulsifiers: Effect of Mixing Speed on Physical Properties
Authors: Pengon Sirikarn , Suchaoin Wongsakorn , Limmatvapirat Chutima , Limmatvapirat Sontaya
Published: August 2019

Recently, coconut oil has become an attractive natural material consisting of monolaurin which exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects. However, coconut oil is relatively immiscible with water, the main composition of human body. This study was thus focused on the development of nanoemulsions containing coconut oil employing the combination of several surfactants and variation of mixing speed for the purpose of overcoming the immiscible problem. Formulations of nanoemulsions were prepared within this study. The HLB values were then measured and used to determine the compatibility between coconut oil and surfactants. Moreover, the speed of homogenizer which might have a significant impact on the physical properties of nanoemulsions, was taken into account. Meanwhile, particle size, zeta potential, pH, long-term stability, and antibacterial activity were also examined. According to the results, the nanoemulsions prepared from 10% (w/w) of coconut oil and 10% (w/w) of surfactants comprising of Tween® 80 and Span® 80 in the ratio of 2 to 3 at the homogenization speed of 15000 rpm seemed to be suitable for topical administration with the characteristics as follows: the droplet size of 254.7±0.016 nm, the zeta potential of-4.41±1.46 mV, and the pH values of 6.13± 0.01. In addition, coconut oil formulated in the form of nanoemulsions demonstrated the efficient antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, this study represents the effect of mixing speed on the properties of nanoemulsions containing coconut oil which could be further developed as a substitute for topical antibiotics.
Characterization of Lauric Acid Precipitated from Biocompatible Solvents
Authors: Puyathorn Napaphol , Chantadee Takorn , Senarat Setthapong , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: August 2019

Water resistance of lauric acid (L) dissolved in biocompatible solvents mainly depended on the water affinity of solvent. L in DMSO (DL) was most sensitive to water and higher than L in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NL) and L in 2-pyrolidone (PL), respectively. From scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, powder x-ray diffractometry and hot stage microscope tests revealed the alteration of L crystal owing to the interference by solvent during precipitation. All L precipitates had lower melting point and degradation temperature than intact L in which L precipitated from 2-pyrrolidone exhibited the lowest melting temperature. These characteristics will be useful for modifying L in phase inversion in situ forming gel.
Gamboge Resin-Based Phase Separation In Situ Forming Gel
Authors: Khaing Ei Mon , Chantadee Takorn , Intaraphairot Torsak , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The in situ forming gel (ISG) has been developed as a controlled drug delivery system to prolong drug release. This study aims to prepare ISG system based on gamboge resin (GB) as matrix former. The various amounts of GB dissolving in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were used to obtain the ISG systems and evaluated for their pH, viscosity, injectability and matrix forming. The antimicrobial activities against three strains of Staphylococcus aureus including the Methicilin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Porphyromonas gingivalis were conducted. GB ISG systems exhibited good injectability with low viscosity. GB in DMSO showed a faster transformation to solid matrix compared to that in NMP. The gambogic acid (GA) content in crude GB was 33.70 ± 0.13%. The sustainable GA release from GB ISG could be attained. Thus, GB ISG exhibits the potential application as a drug delivery system for active compounds and is enable for using as a therapeutic dosage form owing to its antimicrobial activity.
Development and Evaluation of Acetaminophen Orodispersible Disc with Taste-Masking Property
Authors: Trirattanapintusorn Phirawat , Leatpianpanit Sirachai , Thanarangsarit Phurit , Sungthongjeen Srisagul , Kriangkrai Worawut
Published: August 2019

Orodispersible tablet (ODT) provides rapid disintegration in the oral cavity. ODT improves the efficacy of using medicines especially in term of compliance in a patient with dysphagia. The major challenge of ODT is a bitter taste of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API); they can lead the patients to refuse medication. This study focused on the developing of the orodispersible disc (ODD) with a taste masking property by preparation of API particle that was taste-masked by polymers. The co-precipitation technique was used for the taste masking. Acetaminophen (APAP) taste-masked particles prepared with different grades of crospovidone were investigated for the taste-masking property. Kollidon® CL-SF exhibited the lowest drug release. An increasing amount of Kollidon® CL-SF caused increasing of APAP release. Particles consisted of APAP:crospovidone at ratio 3:1 showed the lowest drug release. It was probably due to the complexation which was shown by the FT-IR and DSC. Taste-masked particles were compressed as ODD by a hydraulic press machine. The disintegrating time of ODD was at the range of 12.62-17.35 s. The dissolution of ODD was focused on the taste-masking zone (drug release in 1 min). The ODD with ratio 3:1 particle (APAP: Kollidon® CL-SF) showed the highest taste-masking performance, the lowest drug release. All disc formulations completely released APAP after 30 min. Therefore, the preparation of ODD contains taste-masked particles was promising to improve patient compliance of bitter APIs.
Development and Evaluation of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Patches Containing Clindamycin for Topical Application
Authors: Suriyaamporn Phuvamin , Kasemsawat Thanwarat , Sirilert Boontarik , Apiromrak Kritnicha , Patrojanasophon Prasopchai , Myat Yin Yin , Panomsuk Suwannee
Published: August 2019

Clindamycin (CM) is the one of antibacterial drugs that can be used to treat acne vulgaris. The commercial products in form of solutions, creams, and gels cannot provide the exact amount of the drug and constant drug release. Transdermal patches present an attractive point for reducing this limitation and there is no commercial transdermal patch containing CM available in the market nowadays. The purposes of this study were to develop CM loaded transdermal patches for the treatment of acne and to investigate the physical properties and drug release profile of the CM from the transdermal patches. The transdermal patch was prepared using 10% HPMC. The types and concentrations of additives (glycerin, polyethylene glycol(PEG) or propylene glycol (PG)), were varied to improve the properties of the patches. The physical appearances including the translucent, color thickness and weight of the patches were recorded. The mechanical properties and skin adhesion of the patches were determined by a texture analyzer. The polymorphism of CM in the patches and the release profile of CM from the patches were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Franz diffusion cell, respectively. CM transdermal patches were translucent. The weight and thickness of the patches increased as the amount of additive increased. Glycerin and PG decreased the strength of the patches, while PEG increased the hardness. Adding CM to the patches increased the hardness and decreased the elasticity of the patches. The internal structure of CM loaded into the patches was an amorphous form. The CM patches exhibited some adhesion properties when contacted with the porcine skin. The release of CM from the patches was found to be 71-108% within 60 minutes. The patch prepared from 10% HPMC, 15% Glycerin, and 5% PG displayed the highest release rate. In conclusion, the CM loaded HPMC patches presented desirable properties, which could be used as a transdermal patch for the treatment of acne.
Electrostatic Effects of Metronidazole Loaded in Chitosan-Pectin Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Limsitthichaikoon Sucharat , Sinsuebpol Chutima
Published: August 2019

Electrostatic interactions of polymeric charges become one of the important factors to form the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). In this work, PECs has successfully created through the interaction between positive charges of chitosan (CS) and negative charges of pectin (PE) based on the effect of pH and pKa of the polymers. The formation of PECs provides small particle size, positive surface charge, and high %entrapment efficiency (%EE) after loaded metronidazole (MTZ). Dropwise addition of PE solution into CS solution was carried out to form PECs. A certain concentration of chitosan and pectin fixed at ratio 3:1 while the pH of both polymers varied as pH 1, 3, 5, and 9. The alterations after forming PECs observed particle size, zeta potential, and turbidity of the solution along with FTIR, DSC, and TAG. Precipitation of PECs solution was found in the fixed pH 5 of PE solution dropwise into pH 7 and 9 CS solution, which referred to the unstable of the PECs system. The pH 1 and 9 of PE and CS obtained the large size which about 600-1200 nm, while zeta potential found a low positive charge of 5.54-11.90 mV. Thus, only the fixed pH 5 of CS solution and pH 3, 5, or 7 of PE solution to form PECs were used to load MTZ. After loaded MTZ, the particle size of the PECs was about 400-500 nm and the zeta potential was about 20-50 mV. Electrostatic interactions resulted from FTIR detected the changes in amino groups of CS and carboxyl groups of PE. Thermal analysis on DSC for determinations of melting points or transition temperatures and TGA to monitor weight loss by heat were confirmed the PECs and MTZ-PECs formation. The pH 5 of PE interacts with pH 5 of CS offered the smallest particle size as 438 nm, zeta potential about 23.5 mV, and the highest percentage of EE as about 50% of the drug-loaded. The pH 5 of PE and CS were the pH-responsive to the pKa, thus, the acidity of the polymers may provide a suitable condition to form the appropriate polyelectrolyte complexes. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte complex, polycation, polyanion, charge density
Fabrication of Enteric Release Tablet without Coating Process by Using Bleached Shellac
Authors: Luangtana-anan Manee , Limmatvapirat Sontaya , Saengsod Suthep
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to design an enteric release tablet by a simple method of tableting and avoiding the coating process. Polymers which had a protection ability against acid were required for tablet formulation. Bleached shellac was selected as an excipient due to colorless property, a protection ability against acid in upper gastrointestinal tract and release ability in lower gastrointestinal tract. Bleached shellacs in salt and acid forms were dissolved in 12 ml of 95% ethanol and used as a binding agent to get a concentration of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 %w/w of total formulation. 60% lactose, 30% Avicel pH 102 and 10% paracetamol (model drug) were mixed and tablets were prepared by wet granulation method with the weight of 550 mg and hardness of 8-10 kg. The tablets were evaluated for their disintegration and drug release at pH 1.2 and 6.8 and kept at 40 °C, 75%RH for 6 months. The findings showed that the disintegration and amount of release were dependent on type and concentration of bleached shellac. Only the bleached shellac in salt form could protect the release of drug at pH 1.2 for 2 h and could release completely at pH 6.8 but not in acid form. After 6 months of storage, 15% bleached shellac in salt form could still protect against acid and complete release at pH 6.8 for 4 h. Although the bleached shellac showed protection ability against acid, it could not comply with the required criteria of enteric release tablet. Further study is hence required. However, the stability test of tablets prepared with bleached shellacs in salt form could show protection against acid and complete release at pH 6.8 after 6 months of storage. Bleached shellacs in salt form as a binding agent showed a good approach for the fabrication of enteric release tablets without coating process by using a proper concentration of bleached shellac. Therefore, the attempt to design an enteric tablet by a simple method and avoiding the coating process is achieved.
Polymethacrylates as Polymeric Film Formation in Patches Containing α-Mangostin and Resveratrol
Authors: Samprasit Wipada , Chamsai Benchawan , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: August 2019

Polymethacrylates polymeric film formation in patches containing α-mangostin and resveratrol were developed using solvent casting method. Eudragit® E100 (E) and Eudragit® L100 (L) were dissolved in ethanol and the plasticizer (propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400) was individual added and followed with the drying process. The dried films were evaluated for the morphology and flexibility. After the stable film was achieved, the α-mangostin and resveratrol were incorporated into the film. The variation of weight and thickness, swelling property, pH surface, mechanical properties and drug content of patches was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) was also conducted to confirm that drugs were qualitatively loaded into the patches. The results indicated that patch of L and PG was found to be stable. PG enhanced the flexibility of patch. The patches were less variation in weight and thickness. This patch did not effect to the physiological pH in the human body. In addition, patch had a tensile strength high enough to withstand tearing during handing. The qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated the α-mangostin and resveratrol was well incorporated in this patch. These results suggest that polymethacrylate polymer could be a promising polymeric film formation in patches for drug delivery.
Formulation of Chitosan-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid/Poloxamer Gel Containing Fruit’s Hull of Garcinia mangostana Extract
Authors: Charernsriwilaiwat Natthan , Manatkasemsak Apichart , Thunyamanorot Krittapak , Thawornkhun Nuthaporn
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop the formulation of chitosan-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)/poloxamer containing GM extract gel. The GM extract with a concentration of 0.5% wt was incorporated into a gel formulation. The physical appearance, pH, viscosity and percentage label amount of GM extract gel were performed. The in vitro antioxidant activity of gel were evaluated using (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the zone of inhibition method. The mucoadhesive property was investigated using viscosity technique. The results illustrate that the chitosan-EDTA/poloxamer containing GM extract gel had a yellow colour of GM extract. The pH of a gel was in the range of 4.47 – 6.87. The percentage label amount of gel was in the range of 98.71 – 99.37% and the viscosity of gel were in the range of 14767 – 14784 mPa/s and 9607 – 9641 mPa/s. The TSol-Gel temperature was 35 oC. The antioxidant activities (IC50) which evaluated by DPPH method of all gel was in the range of 13.20 – 13.57 mg/ml. The zone of inhibition of gel against S.aureus was in the range of 8.17 – 10.52 mm. The chitosan-EDTA may improve the mucoadhesive property of gel. In conclusion, the chitosan-EDTA/poloxamer containing GM extract gel may have the potential for pharmaceutical and wound healing application.
Porous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Scaffolds with Tunable Microstructures for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wongsawichai Kanharit , Kingkaew Arada , Pariyaisut Aninart , Khondee Supang
Published: August 2019

Bone tissue engineering is an alternative approach to generate bone using biomaterials and cells. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity. However, it has limited utility due to poor mechanical properties and slow degradation rate. To improve mechanical properties and to modify degradation profile, hydroxyapatite was tethered in chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) complex. Gelatin was incorporated to promote cell attachment and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to improve mechanical strength of this scaffold. The physico-mechanical and biological properties of these scaffolds were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the incorporation of hydroxyapatite in polymer matrix. The scaffolds had density, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus in the range of 0.24-0.30 g/cm3, 0.028-0.035 MPa, 0.178-0.560 MPa, respectively. The scaffolds had porosity of 69-91 percent. Higher content of PVA decreased porosity of scaffolds. Scanning electron microscope showed porous microstructure with pore size in the range of 60-183 μm. In vitro test on MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells showed negligible cytotoxicity of scaffolds. The data suggested that HA/CS/CMC/gelatin/PVA scaffold has potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
Reducing New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Coletta Melanie J. , Lis Gail , Clark Patricia , Dabir Reza , Daneshvar Farzad
Published: August 2019

Postoperative atrial fibrillation is the most common dysrhythmia to occur after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. It develops in 10% to 40% of patients and can lead to complications such as hemodynamic instability, heart failure, and stroke. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity. Patients who experience postoperative atrial fibrillation often have longer hospital stays, are at higher risk for readmission, and have increased mortality. Protocols designed to reduce the incidence of the condition can decrease hospital costs, improve patient outcomes, and increase overall quality of care. This quality improvement project took place in a tertiary care center located in southeastern Michigan and focused on the development and implementation of an evidence-based postoperative atrial fibrillation prophylaxis protocol using amiodarone. The outcomes of this project suggest that amiodarone prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with no previous history of atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Dexmedetomidine in Adult Patients in Cardiac Surgery Critical Care: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Brock Lyndsay
Published: August 2019

Although several options are available for postoperative sedation in the intensive care unit, the selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine may offer advantages for patients after cardiac surgery. The author conducted a review of the literature on the use of dexmedetomidine in the cardiac surgery population to determine possible advantages and disadvantages in this patient population. Although the use of dexmedetomidine has not been conclusively shown to change overall morbidity and mortality and may be associated with higher drug cost, its other demonstrated effects offer advantages for postoperative cardiac surgery patients that other forms of sedation cannot match.
Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) carniolica peloponesiaca Švihla, 1991 (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae) in Italy: the first case of trans-Adriatic false blister beetle with considerations on Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) carniolica (Gistl, 1834)
Authors: Poloni Riccardo
Published: August 2019

Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) carniolica peloponesiaca Švihla, 1991 is recorded in Italy for the first time and the biogeographical origin of this new population is discussed on the base of the current knowledge on Coleoptera with trans-Adriatic distribution. The range of this subspecies is revised and some biological notes on the larval food preferences and ecology are provided.
“Il meglio ci sta sempre di fronte ed è sempre possibile”
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: August 2019

Non disponibile
Too sick for drugs. Too knotty for principles. Scientific research, ethics and cinema
Authors: Marino Cattorini Paolo
Published: August 2019

A narrative approach to biomedical ethics helps to prevent conceptual abstractions and moralistic deductions, even within the context of the dilemmas raised by pharmacological research. Ethical principles cannot be mechanically applied to concrete situations. First of all, we need to discern the meaning of an action in the light of the whole human story in which this action is inscribed. Moreover, the various ethical theories (which link, structure and prioritize principles) rest on original stories, on visions of the world, which outline ideal examples of behavior. This article specifies each ethical principle, comparing it to cinematographic plots and literary images, in order to verify the pertinence of the rules and judgments formulated regarding problematic aspects of scientific investigation. These films usefully trace social representations and emotionally complex individual experiences, preparing a public debate and responsible deliberation.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION IN SICKLE CELL PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN TANZANIA
Authors: Urio Florence , George Humphrey , Tluway Furahini , Nyambo Thomas B , Mmbando Bruno P , Makani Julie
Published: August 2019

Background: The distribution of human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) infection is ubiquitous and occurs worldwide. The virus has high tropism to red blood cells progenitor`s cells leading to temporary infection of bone marrow and transient arrest of erythropoiesis. People with frequent episodes of haemolytic anaemia including sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are at increased risk of infection. This study aimed at assessing prevalence and factors associated with HPV B19 infections among hospitalized SCD patients.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study among 329 SCD patients hospitalized at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). HPV B19 was detected using RT-PCR. Haematological and Chemistry tests were done using Sysmex XT2000i and Chemistry analyser respectively.

Results: The prevalence of HPV B19 among hospitalized 329 SCD patients was 29%. The median age for hospitalized SCD patients with HPV B19 was 15 years (IQR; 7-22), no variation of prevalence with age. In multivariate logistic regression model, HPV B19 infection was associated with pain (OR=4.28, 95%CI: 1.20–15.19; p=0.025), low neutrophil counts (OR=0.57,95%CI: 0.35–0.92, p=0.022) and MCH (OR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.85–0.99; p=0.033). In univariate analysis, HIV infection was slightly higher in SCD patients infected with HPVB19 (exact p-value=0.083).

Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV B19 among hospitalized SCD patients at MNH was high. SCD patients with HPV B19 were more likely to present with pain, low neutrophils levels and MCH. HIV infection might be associated with high risk of HPV infection in SCD patients, however this requires further investigation.
An experimental investigation of the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal ore fluids
Authors: Rempel K U , Williams-Jones A E , Fuller K
Published: August 2019

Experimental data on the mobility of uranium in hydrothermal fluids are required to accurately model the formation of uranium ore deposits. This study aims to conduct experiments on the solubility and speciation of U(IV) and U(VI) in fluoride- and
phosphate-bearing solutions, as well as flow-through, fluid-rock interaction experiments designed to assess the optimal P-T-X conditions for U precipitation, which will be integrated into a comprehensive genetic model. Early work has focused on method development for the solubility and flow-through
experiments. Preliminary experiments on UO2 solubility in 0.01 M F- solutions at 200°C produced concentrations of 1.76 to 3.92 ppm U, demonstrating the surprisingly high mobility of U(IV) and the importance of U fluoride complexes for ore-forming systems.
Aloperine Suppresses Human Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via Inhibiting Inflammatory Response
Authors: Chang Zhi , Zhang Peng , Zhang Min , Jun Feng , Hu Zhiqiang , Yang Jiamei , Wu Yuhua , Zhou Ru
Published: August 2019

Abnormal pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation is critical pathological feature of pulmonary vascular remodeling that acts as driving force in the initiation and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), ultimately leading to pulmonary hypertension. Aloperine is a main active alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal Sophora alopecuroides and possesses outstanding antioxidation and anti-inflammatory effects. Our group found Aloperine has protective effects on monocroline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress in previous researches. However, the anti-inflammation effects of Aloperine on PAH remain unclear. Therefore, to further explore whether the beneficial role of Aloperine on PAH was connected with its anti-inflammatory effects, we performed experiments in vitro. Aloperine significantly inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, blocked progression through G0/G1to S phase of the cell cycle and promoted total ratio of apoptosis. In summary, these results suggested that Aloperine negatively regulated nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway activity to exert protective effects on PAH and suppressed HPASMCs proliferation therefore has a potential value in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension by negatively modulating pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Aortic Intimo-Intimal Intussusception: A Rare Variant of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Dilip M. N. , Koshy A. George , Iype Mathew , Viswanathan K. Sunitha
Published: August 2019

This report describes a very rare and life-threatening form of Stanford Type A circumferential aortic dissection causing intimo-intimal intussusception. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is possible by transesophageal echocardiography for which the features have been described in this article.
Метод наименьших квадратов: применение к анализу зависимости от числа легких ароматов соотношения между полюсными и бегущими массами тяжелых кварков
Authors: Kataev Andrei L'vovich , Molokoedov Victor Sergeevich
Published: August 2019

Рассмотрен стандартный метод наименьших квадратов, позволяющий решать переопределенную систему алгебраических уравнений и оценивать погрешности полученных решений. В качестве важного физического примера определяются четырехпетлевые квантово-хромодинамические коэффициенты зависимости соотношения между полюсными и бегущими массами тяжелых кварков от числа легких ароматов. При этом используются имеющиеся результаты суперкомпьютерных вычислений соответствующих четырехпетлевых вкладов при различных фиксированных числах легких ароматов. Показана устойчивость найденных решений по отношению к изменениям числа рассматриваемых уравнений и неизвестных.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Fruit Bioproducts
Authors: Borges Josileide Gonçalves , Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva , Pinheiro João Victor , Sá Juliana Anielle Ribeiro de , Bezerra Kaline Stela Pires , Leal Ingrid Lessa
Published: August 2019

Interest in fiber-rich foods, phytochemicals with antioxidant potential has been steadily increasing as people want to get health benefits other than basic nutrition. This study aimed to draw a profile of chemical composition, phytochemical profile of fruit pomaces grown in semi arid region of Brazil. Grapes, passion fruit, orange and pomegranate were analyzed for crude protein, lipid, moisture, mineral residue, non-fibrous carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber levels. Quantities of total tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins were also quantified. All ointments have a varied nutritional profile with non-fibrous carbohydrates (67.36 -28.63%), Neutral Detergent Fiber (48.18 -18.93%), Acid Detergent Fiber (32.28 -11.64%). All phytochemicals were detected in all bagasse cultures. Flavonoid values varied among pomaces. Punica granatum (seed) presented highest flavonoid contents (2123.56 μg / 100 mL), Passiflora edulis presented lowest values (70.09 μg /100 mL). Vitis labrusca had highest anthocyanin values (101.24 μg / 100 mL), Citrus sinensis had lowest values (1.25 μg / 100 mL). Punica granatum seed presented highest total tannin content (43.73 μg / 100 mL) and Passiflora edulis, smallest (1.55 μg / 100 mL), respectively. Presence of high content of insoluble fibers, phytochemicals with antioxidant potential in ointments shows their potential use in treatment of non-contagious diseases.
Investigation of Affinity towards Social Media and Expectations for Success of University Students
Authors: Çelik Ercoşkun Nilay , Ozan Ceyhun , Kıncal Remzi Y.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate university students’ affinity towards social media and expectations for success. This research is a descriptive study of general survey. Universe of the study includes first grade students from the faculties of Education, which training teachers, Literature, Science and Theology, where the students receive the pedagogical formation program. Criteria sampling method, one of the purpose sampling methods, was used in the research and 1450 students were included in freshman and senior students studying at these faculties making the sample of the research. It is seen when the study results are considered that university students’ affinity in social media differ significantly in terms of gender, faculty, use of social media, and frequency of using social media while there is no significant difference between class grade and general point average. While university students’ expectations for success were significantly different according to the variables of gender and general point average; faculty, class grade, use of social media and frequency of using social media did not differ significantly. It was found in the study that there is no significant relationship between university students’ affinity towards social media and expectations for success.
The state of earthquake engineering in New Zealand
Authors: Hare John
Published: August 2019

The Canterbury earthquakes have afforded the author a unique opportunity to view the state of engineering from a different perspective. The development of the Detailed Engineering Evaluation (DEE) procedure and the related activities of the Engineering Advisory Group have required thorough consideration of structural engineering practice. This has extended to an overview of the outputs from the DEEs completed by a wide range of engineers, over a wide range of buildings. From these and more general observations of engineering practice in contrast with that of other countries, a view on the state of earthquake engineering in New Zealand is offered with some thoughts on future direction and development needs.
Going Beyond Appearances: Examination of Hidden Paint Layers in a Gulistan of Sa'di from the Freer Gallery of Art
Authors: Polidori Elisabetta , Jacobson Emily , McCarthy Blythe
Published: August 2019

Among the many manuscripts at the Freer Gallery of Art is a lavishly illuminated copy of the Gulistan of Sa‘di (F1998.5). This manuscript was transcribed in an elegant nasta‘liq script by renowned calligrapher Sultan ‘Ali Mashhadi in Herāt (present-day Afghanistan) in 1468, but much of its history is unknown. The text includes six paintings that were added in the seventeenth century during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in India. Stains on the versos of the painted pages provide tantalizing traces of the existence of earlier illustrations underneath the Mughal ones. A technical study incorporating infrared and ultraviolet imaging, X-ray computed radiography, and targeted pigment analyses has revealed new information about these preexisting paintings. The size of the figures and the intermediate changes to the compositions suggest there were several working phases for the manuscript. A revised chronology now includes these phases and further enriches our understanding of this complex manuscript. From a technical standpoint, this research highlights both the challenges and undeniable potential of imaging technology for the study of Islamic manuscript paintings, many of which have been reworked at various times in their history.
A Critical Review on Some Key Terms Taken from The Virtual Community by Howard Rheingold
Authors: Huang Xiaowei
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to review and re-examine some of the key terms taken from Howard Rheingold’s book The Virtual Community, which was published in 1998. Even though it has been 2 decades since this book was published, Rheingold’s ideas are affective and applicable to the current research on virtual community. As the first man who invents the term ‘virtual community’, Rheingold provides a number of significant contribution and offers more room for the further studies on virtual community, as well as virtual world. Rheingold’s foresight on the understanding of virtual community has great impact on the current studies of the virtual world.
Academic and Daily Life Satisfaction of Monbukagakusho Scholarship Students in Japan: The Case of Peruvian as International Students in Japan
Authors: Lagones Jakeline
Published: August 2019

As the birth rate in Japan continues to decline, there is a growing need to ensure the availability of highly qualified foreign professionals. In order to attract more international students, it is necessary to understand the variables from the academic and daily life that international students face in Japan. This study shows the variables that influence academic satisfaction, daily life satisfaction and the relationship between these variables for Peruvian students serving as Monbukagakusho scholars in Japan. This study also describes the Monbukakusho scholars experience in their academic and daily life in Japan, which has a unique culture. Mix methodology was used in this study. The quantitative model based on individual data taken from a survey administered to Peruvian Monbukagakusho students, who were studying or are continuing their studies in Japan. The results show that the dependent variables and academic satisfaction are significantly related to language difficulties. Regarding the second dependent variable of, daily life satisfaction, we find a significant relationship between those who choose to study in Japan for cultural reasons and those, who study in shared laboratories and the type of scholarship received. Economic factors such as financial scholarship values are not related to dependent variables. A qualitative design of grounded theory was used as a framework to explore the experiences of Monbukagakusho students’ definition of academic and daily life satisfaction in Japan. Five relevant Japanese codes stand out from the interviews; cohai-sempai, tatemae, honne, omoiyari and aisowarai.
A Study of Narrative Strategies in A Farewell to Arms
Authors: Kaifu Chen
Published: August 2019

A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway in his early creative time, has been rated as “the representative classic in the Lost Generation” for its particular narrative strategies. This paper gives a systematic analysis of its narrative order, narrative voice and narrative situation so as to achieve a better interpretation of the narrative effect of this novel.
An Empirical Analysis of the Link between Economic Growth and Exports in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Coulibaly Daouda , Goueu Fulgence Zran
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between exports and economic growth in Côte d’Ivoire. In order to achieve this objective, annual data for the period 1960-2017 were tested by using the cointegration approach of Pesaran, Shin and Smith, including the causality test of Breitung and Schreiber. According to our analysis it is only exports that drive economic growth and not the opposite. Exports act positively and significantly on economic growth in the short term as well as in the long term. The causality test of Breitung and schreiber indicates a one-way long-run causal relationship ranging from exports to gross domestic product (GDP). All those results show that exports are a source of Ivorian economic growth.
Synthesis Study on Argumentation in Science Education
Authors: Boğar Yurdagül
Published: August 2019

In current educational research, there is an increasing acceptance among researchers to emphasize that students must be educated on scientific ways of thinking. Simultaneously, science education practice has focused on the development of scientific thinking skills which are associated with scientific inquiry rather than memorization skills. When it comes to scientific practices, educational reforms highly emphasize scientific practices such as argumentation in science education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a synthesis study on argumentation in science education. In order to achieve this purpose, this topic will be reviewed under seven main headings within the current study. These are development of argumentation theory, argumentation approaches, argumentation models used in science education, student’s role in argumentation, teacher’s role in argumentation, activities that create an argumentation environment, difficulties associated with the implementation of the argumentation in the learning environment and scientific argumentation respectively. In addition, some sub-headings will follow the main headings.
The Perspective of Kuwaiti Students Towards the Effectiveness and Value of Self-Study
Authors: Taqi Ali A.
Published: August 2019

Through self-study, students are believed to develop new learning strategies, new motivation, reflection and critical thinking. The current study was conducted in the College of Basic Education, the English Department - Kuwait. 324 female students participated in answering an extensive questionnaire related to the topic of self-study. In addition, group interviews were conducted by the researcher, which assisted in gaining further in sight of the students’ point of view related to the importance of self-study and reasons behind their selection. While most participating students recommended self-learning, they also insisted on the importance of the teacher’s role. This study is believed to assist curriculum developers, educational administration and teachers in developing appropriate curriculum and syllabus that suits the needs of a new generation.
Establishing the Architectural Talents Cultivating System of Practice and Innovation Ability Under the Background of New Engineering
Authors: Chengdong Yang , Shuang Liang
Published: August 2019

As BIM (Building information modeling) comprehensive advantages in the field of engineering, it develops rapidly in the international building industry including China. In the face of new technology and new methods of innovation, architecture teaching also needs to adjust. BIM as new design tool is very necessary. But how to perfectly combine BIM with building teaching to make students truly apply is the key point.
Semiotic Representations of the Linear Function by Students Studying Administration
Authors: Ansaldo-Leyva Julio C. , Peralta-García Julia X. , Encinas-Pablos Francisco J. , Cuevas-Salazar Omar , Rangel-Lucas Laura , Londoño-Millán Noelia
Published: August 2019

Mathematical tools allow us to clearly explain the phenomenon studied in administrative science. Various studies have shown that linear function is a concept, widely used in administration, as well as in other kinds of science, but difficult for students to grasp and assimilate as a tool in their studies. That is the reason that the objective of the present project was to determine the difficulties faced by students of administration in learning the concept of the linear function, based on the theoretical elements of Raymond Duval’s registers of semiotic representation, to identify areas of opportunity in the teaching/learning process of this mathematical concept. Therefore, we designed an instrument made up of eight situations, which altogether consist of 24 problems. This instrument was validated by three experts in the area. Later, in keeping with the nature of the data to be collected, the instrument was given to a small randomly chosen sample group of six students studying under-graduate level administration and who were taking the subject of Mathematics for Business I. Students had the most difficulty in dealing with the registry of graphic representation and the cognitive activity of conversion between graphic and algebraic registers. It was also discovered that apparently context problems favored the latter conversion activity. We recommend these findings be further studied in a didactic approach to the issue, as well as carrying out studies of this nature on other mathematical objects in the course.
INNOVATIVE ASPECTS OF DOG TRAINING IN HIGH EXPLOSIVES DETECTION
Authors: Żmuda-Gołębiewska Agnieszka , Szmigielski Radosław , Czerwińska Magdalena , Prasuła Piotr , Pniewski Wawrzyniec , Cieślak Piotr , Kasprzak Piotr , Borkowski Jacek , Bazela Rafał
Published: August 2019

A nose of a dog is an invaluable help to humanity thanks to its excellent sensitivity and ability to recognize and distinguish odours, i.e. volatile substances emitted by a given material. In comparison with the increasingly advanced technology of electronic detection devices, it still ranks first on the “podium”. Due to its special abilities the dog is a great support in the fight against terrorism, where the early detection of explosives plays a key role in security. In the training process of a dog for the detection of explosives in Polish uniformed services genuine explosives samples are used. However, international studies have shown that this approach does not give 100% guarantee of HE detection by a dog. In addition, the use of classic HE samples in training involves a risk associated to the safety of both the operator and the dog and is burdened by law enforcement restrictions related to storage, use and transportation. An innovative solution developed during the implementation of the subject “Reference set of explosives samples for training and validation of service dogs” allows for more flexibility while handling the sample, increases the safety of use and provides a better detection of the explosive by the dog.
OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF AMMUNITION - SELECTED EXAMPLES OF FOUND DEFECTS
Authors: Krysinski Bogdan Krysinski , Nesterowicz Marcin , Zych Piotr
Published: August 2019

Ammunition, as a crucial product for the country defence, is under special supervision in the process of production and use. Its safe use during the service life is a basic requirement that has to be met. However, despite such strict requirements, there are cases of non-compliance of ammunition specimens with the requirements of technical documentation, which may cause their uncontrolled activation. The article presents some selected examples of such defects found during diagnostic tests. Moreover, the consequences of admission of these ammunition specimens for the use are discussed.
Kirurška obravnava bolnikov z malformacijo Chiari I v različnih starostnih obdobjih
Authors: Emeršič Luka , Šmigoc Tomaž , Ravnik Janez
Published: August 2019

Izhodišče: Primerjati kirurško obravnavo bolnikov z malformacijo Chiari I (CM-I) pri nas in po svetu ter ugotoviti primerljivost uspeha pri uporabi različnih kirurških tehnik.

Metode: Opravili smo retrospektivno analizo 10 bolnikov, ki so bili operirani zaradi CM-I v UKC Maribor, Kirurška klinika, Oddelek za nevrokirurgijo v obdobju od januarja 2010 do maja 2016. Podatke o bolnikih smo zbrali v tabele in opravili deskriptivno statistično analizo vzorca. Pregledali smo literaturo v angleščini v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in Ovid na temo kirurškega zdravljenja CM-I. Rezultate raziskav smo primerjali s svojimi ugotovitvami.

Rezultati: V obdobju od januarja 2010 do maja 2016 smo operirali 10 bolnikov: 8 žensk in 2 moška v starosti 11–57 let. Simptomi pred operacijo so trajali od 1 meseca do 29 let. Glavoboli so bili prisotni pri 8 bolnikih, bolečina v vratu je bila prisotna pri 4 bolnikih, vrtoglavica pri 2 bolnikih, mravljinčenje v rokah pa pri enem bolniku. Znaki pred operacijo pa so trajali od 1 leta do 29 let. Pri 2 bolnikih je bila prisotna spastična tetrapareza, pri 2 bolnikih motnja senzibilitete in pri 1 bolniku tremor rok. Pridruženo hidromielijo je imelo 5 bolnikov. Skoliozo sta imeli 2 bolnici. Pri vseh 10 bolnikih smo se odločili za kirurško obravnavo. V skupini 10 bolnikov, ki smo jih obravnavali, ni nihče umrl. Pri 2 bolnikih smo zaznali tekočinsko kolekcijo likvorja v podkožju, pri 1 bolniku tudi povišano telesno temperaturo in oteklino, izcedek iz rane pa pri 2 bolnikih. Bolnike smo sledili od 6 mesecev do 6 let. Vsi bolniki so navajali izboljšanje simptomov po operaciji.

Zaključek: Rezultati naše raziskave so primerljivi z rezultati podobnih raziskav v literaturi. Ob tem pa moramo opomniti, da je bilo število bolnikov, vključenih v našo študijo, sorazmerno majhno. Razvidno je, da nikjer ni natančno določeno, kdaj se je treba odločiti za določen tip operacije, prav tako je v literaturi prisotna velika raznolikost v izidih po operaciji. Kirurško obravnavo je treba za vsakega bolnika individualizirati.
Kirurgija s pospešenim okrevanjem pri endoprotetiki kolka in kolena
Authors: Silvester Tomaž , Kacijan Blaž
Published: August 2019

S staranjem prebivalstva narašča tudi število totalnih artroplastik velikih sklepov pri bolnikih z degenerativnimi boleznimi sklepov. Po drugi strani so finančna sredstva zdravstvenega proračuna omejena ali se celo zmanjšujejo. Koncept kirurgije s pospešenim okrevanjem (KSPO), s katerim skrajšamo ležalno dobo bolnikov, ne da bi s tem ogrozili kakovost zdravljenja, koristi tako bolniku, kot tudi bolnišničnemu proračunu.

Koncept KSPO smo v SB Jesenice pri bolnikih za primarno totalno artroplastiko kolka in kolena začeli uvajati v letu 2014. Postopno smo ga optimizirali in nadgradili, med drugim z izobraževanjem bolnikov in njihovih svojcev pred operacijo, ter v letu 2015 vse bolnike za primarno totalno artroplastiko kolena ali kolka v celoti obravnavali v skladu z načeli KSPO.

Analizirali smo izid zdravljenja s primerjavo ležalne dobe. Mediana vrednost je pred uvedbo KSPO v letih 2013 in 2014 znašala 6,45 oz. 6,4 dni. Po uvedbi KSPO se je le-ta pomembno skrajšala. Mediana vrednost je v letih 2015, 2016 znašala 4,4 dni, v letu 2017 pa 3,5. Analizirali smo tudi pogostost ponovnih sprejemov v 30 dneh po odpustu iz bolnišnice, kjer med bolniki pred in po uvedbi KSPO ne ugotavljamo pomembnih razlik.

Koncept KSPO smo na ortopedskem oddelku SB Jesenice uspešno uvedli in tako učinkovito skrajšali ležalno dobo bolnikov po totalni artroplastiki kolena ali kolka, ne da bi ob tem povečali stopnjo zapletov. To smo dosegli z večdisciplinarnim pristopom k obravnavi bolnikov pred (izobraževanje) in med hospitalizacijo, z optimizacijo nadzora izgube krvi (rutinska uporaba traneksamične kisline) in preprečevanja bolečine (multimodalni pristop k analgeziji brez opioidov) ter z optimizacijo fizioterapije.