bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa pada Materi Turunan Fungsi Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Lea Lea , Mantili Theresia Sukma , Christin Etthy
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian  adalah  menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas XI.instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa yang berjumlah 3 soal sesuai dengan indikator pemahaman matematis siswa. Setelah pengumpulan data, peneliti menganalisis hasil pengerjaan soal kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan hasil wawancara untuk melihat kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa kelas XI SMA Kristen Filadelfia masih rendah yang ditunjukkan dengan terdapatnya banyak kekeliruan penyelesaian soal kemampuan pemahaman matematis khususnya pada indicator menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep dalam materi turunan fungsi, memberi contoh dan bukan contoh dari konsep, setra pada indikator menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai representasi matematis yang dinyatakan dalam materi turunan fungsi.  .
Abstract 
The purpose of this research is to analyze the students’ mathematical understanding ability. The method used in this research is descrivtive method. The research subjects were XI grade students. The instrument used in this study was a test of students’ mathematical understanding abilities, which consisted of 3 questions according to the indicators of students’ mathematical understanding. After colleting data, the researcher analyzed the results of working on the mathematical understanding ability and interview results to see the students’ mathematical understanding ability. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the mathematical understanding ability of grade XI students is still low, which is indicated by the presence of many errors in solving problems of mathematical understanding ability, especially on indicators of restating concepts in function derivative materials, providing examples and not examples of concept, and indicators presenting concepts in various mathematical representations expressed intrems of derivative function.
Integrasi Geogebra dan Problem-Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Materi SPLDV
Authors: Sopanda Lulu , Sari Sri Karmila Novita , Mardiana Mardiana
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Dalam penelitian ini, pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan Geogebra dan Problem-Based Learning dilakukan guna mewujudkan pembelajaran yang lebih efektif, yang mana pada penelitian sebelumnya, model pembelajaran sering kali dilakukan secara murni tanpa kombinasi media yang tepat. Ketika intervensi dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa hasil post-test kelas eksperimen meningkat secara signifikan. Pembelajaran SPLDV menggunakan Geogebra terintergrasi PBL dibanding dengan metode konvensional, metode konvensional menghasilkan hasil yang jauh lebih buruk. Integrasi Geogebra dan PBL dianggap lebih efektif daripada pembelajaran konvensional. Skor N-Gain meningkat sebesar 75% di kelas eksperimen, menunjukkan bahwa itu cukup efektif. Sedangkan di kelas kontrol juga terjadi peningkatan, namun hanya sebesar 50%, yang berarti kurang efektif. Ini menjadi bukti bahwa implementasi integrasi Geogebra dan PBL lebih efektif dibanding pembelajaran konvensional dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pada materi SPLDV.
Abstract
In this study, learning that integrates Geogebra and Problem-Based Learning is carried out in order to realize more effective learning, which in previous studies, the learning model was often carried out purely without the right combination of media. When the intervention was carried out, it was found that the post-test results of the experimental class improved significantly. SLETV learning using PBL integrated Geogebra compared to conventional methods, conventional methods produce far worse results. GeoGebra and PBL integration is considered more effective than conventional learning. The N-Gain score increased by 75% in the experimental class, indicating that it was quite effective. Meanwhile in the control class there was also an increase, but only by 50%, which means it is less effective. This is proof that the implementation of Geogebra and PBL integration is more effective than conventional learning in improving concept understanding in SLETV material.
Upaya Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Meningkatkan Akhlakul Karimah Siswa di SD Negeri 05 Pulau Maya
Authors: Wahyudin Hendra , Rosdiana Rosdiana , Miharjarudin Miharjarudin
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya-upaya apa sajakah yang dilakukan oleh guru PAI dalam meningkatkan akhlakul karimah siswa serta mengetahui bagaimana akhlak siswa di SDN 05 Pulau Maya. Kemudian, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis melakukan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, menunjukan bahwa upaya guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam meningkatkan akhlakul karimah siswa di SDN 05 Pulau Maya sudah sangat baik. Hal ini terbukti dengan seringnya anak mendoakan orang tua setelah sholat, siswa menggunakan tangan kanan ketika makan dan minum, siswa meminta maaf ketika melakukan kesalahan terhadap orang lain dan sebagainya.
Abstract
This study aims to find out what efforts were made by PAI teachers in improving student morals and to find out how students behave at SDN 05 Pulau Maya. Then, this study uses a qualitative research approach with descriptive methods. In collecting data, the authors conducted library research and field research. Based on the results of the research that the authors have done, it shows that the efforts of Islamic religious education teachers in improving students' morals at SDN 05 Pulau Maya have been very good. This is proven by how often children pray for their parents after prayer, students use their right hand when eating and drinking, students apologize when they make mistakes against others and so on.
Refugees from Syria and Iraq in Sweden: resettlement during the migration crisis
Authors: Agafoshin Maksim M. , Gorokhov Stanislav A. , Dmitriev Ruslan V.
Published: January 2023

The vast increase in the number of forced migrants during the European migration crisis has compelled the receiving countries to concentrate on the issues of migrant reception and accommodation. This study aims to demonstrate how the patterns of settlement of Syrian and Iraqi migrants changed in 2014—2019. We propose a new methodology, building on the Her­findahl-Hirschman index, an indicator of the level and direction of the spatial concentration—deconcentration of migrants, and the Ryabtsev index, which is used to measure the proximity between the settlement structures of migrants and the Swedes. It is established there was a deconcentration of migrants during the crisis (espe­cially in its ascendant phase), carried out by the Swedish authorities. However a reverse process took place in the descendant phase, as a result of self-arranged migrants’ resettlement. The deconcentration of Iraqis and Syrians led to the convergence between the settlement structure typical of immigrants and the Swedes, whilst concentration resulted in divergence accompanied by the emergence of close-knit immi­grant communities on the outskirts of Sweden’s largest cities. The formation of such communi­ties, seen as vulnerable by the national authorities and marked by a high crime rate, impedes the integration of Syrian and Iraqi immigrants into Swedish society.
Knowledge Extent of Farmers Towards Improved Radish Production Technology in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Ritesh , Doharey R. K. , Meena N. R. , Shankar Singh Anurag , Yadav Vishal
Published: January 2023

Radish is an important source of nutrition in our diet. Although farmers in eastern uttar pradesh are growing radish for a long time many farmers are lacking good knowledge of radish and its new varieties production practices. The study was conducted to know the level of knowledge of production practices among radish cultivating farmers of the eastern uttar pradesh region. A personal interview was conducted with hundred and fifty farmers those were selected through proportionate random sampling technique from ten selected village panchayat on the basis of fifteen farmers from each village panchayat. Highest knowledge level was observed in sowing time and irrigation management (100 per cent) followed by, field preparation (82.67 per cent), harvesting (80.66 per cent), weed management (74.00 per cent), high yielding varieties (72.00 per cent), plant protection measure (70.00 per cent), fertilizer application (68.67 per cent), spacing (68.00 per cent), inter cropping (61.33 per cent), plant growth regulator (50.67 per cent), respectively. Total knowledge index was calculated to be 74.67 per cent. Out of sixteen variables i.e., caste, education, material possession, risk orientation, scientific motivation, extension contact, awareness and adoption were found highly significant and positively correlated with knowledge at 0.05 % of significance level. The variables age is also highly significant but negatively correlated with knowledge level. Variables like annual income, marital status, land holding, type of family, size of family and social participation were found not significant but positively correlated with knowledge level. Only one variable economic motivation was found not significant and negatively correlated with knowledge level.
An Assessment of Analgesic & Anti-inflammatory Activity Spondias mombin and Mapping of Variation of Potency under the Light Geographical Contrast Based Phenomenon
Authors: Nila Tahmina Sharif , Khan Maliha Rownak Ara , Nasrin Najibah , Mim Isratul Jannat , Peya Farhana Yesmin , Prapty Amatun Noor , Cruze Lia Rose Merry D. , Rahman Md. Ashikur , Jahan Ishrat , Kumkum Mafruha , Habib Raisa Sharmili , Tahsin Md. Rafat , Aktar Fahima , Aktar Tahmina , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Kabir Shaila , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Amran Md. Shah
Published: January 2023

Because of the short comings of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, the researchers have driven their attention towards natural products. Medicinal plants have got acknowledged for greatly impacting on the health of individuals and communities. Spondias mombin is a great species, traditionally used for several medicative objectives from ancient times. It has also been popular for it’s analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we an effort was made to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of Spondias mombin against the conventional drugs. the plant extract from different region was induced through intraperitoneal route and the efficiency was compared with paracetamol and ibuprofen. It was seen that both the conventional drug and extract of Spondias mombin significantly reduce the inflammation. The plant extract has also shown effects irrespective of geographical interest. Hence it might be assumed that Spondias mombin could be a suitable alternative therapy in reducing pain and inflammation and to surpass the side effects of ordinary conventional medicines.
Projecting Soft Power: The Case of India
Authors: Adhikari Anasuya , Saha Birbal
Published: January 2023

India, the seventh largest country of the world guards a position of extraordinary diplomacy which grades its international relations. The paper speculates into Joseph Nye’s concept of Soft Power, which is a break-through strategy in the world gripped by hard power. The world witnessed two great Wars, which was and is in no way covetable. Thus, to sustain more of individual resources and beget a platform through which it becomes easier to mutually benefit both the sides engaged into the international relations, India develops its strategic soft power. Rich cultural heritage, inspiring spirituality, pioneering educational institutes, international trade makes India a country to pave its way into the global world of importance. The research work utilizes the available data and scrutinizes into the probable areas where India strategically develops its soft power to impress and attract the world utilizing its own resources.
Perceived Family Support and Medication Adherence among Diabetic Patients with Good and Poor Glycaemic Control Attending a Teaching Hospital in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Adebobola A. Z. , Attoye T. E. , Akinwumi A. I. , Ewedairo O. A. , Adebobola O. A.
Published: January 2023

Aim: To compare perceived family support (PFS) and medication adherence among adult T2DM patients with good and poor glycaemic control.

Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study among patients with T2DM. The participants were systematically recruited and divided into two groups after glycated haemoglobin testing. Additional data was collected using a structured interviewer – administered questionnaire adapted from Perceived Social Support – Family Scale and 8-item Modified Morisky Adherence Scale.

Results: The mean PFS scores among participants with good and poor glycaemic control were 16.37 and 13.97 points respectively. The difference between their mean scores was significant (P 0.000). The mean score of medication adherence among participants with good glycaemic control was 7.13 points while participants with poor glycaemic control had a mean score of 6.42 points. The difference between their mean scores was significant (P 0.012). A statistically significant association was found between medication adherence and glycaemic control (P 0.025).

Conclusions: This study found that T2DM participants with stronger PFS and better medication adherence had better glycaemic control than participants with weaker PFS and poor medication adherence. It is therefore important to emphasise family support and measures that improve medication adherence in the holistic management of T2DM.
Predisposing Factors Determining the Rearing Performance of Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer): A Review
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Kumar Vikram , Guha Lopamudra , Hridya H. , Indirakumar K. , Majumdar M.
Published: January 2023

Muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) is endemic to North-Eastern India, and colour designates it as golden silk. From time immemorial, many ethnic and tribal groups have produced muga silk. Muga silk has a special status due to its natural golden-yellow colour.  Semi-domesticated muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) is multivoltine in nature and commercial rearing is conducted during the spring (Jethua) and autumn (Kotia) seasons. The muga silkworm is a mono race with little genetic variation among populations, rearing is completely in an open environment and is subject to various diseases, pests and predators. Due to unpredictable weather conditions, natural calamities along with disease outbreak and natural enemies, the muga silk production has been affected dramatically. To improve the productivity of this silkworm it is important to have a better knowledge of the factors that affect the most to this silkworm. So, the present study is mainly discussed about factors responsible for the rearing of muga silkworm.
Oral Magnesium Supplements for Management of Pediatric Asthma Patients
Authors: Fawzy Omar Samah , Metwally Elkasrawy Mohamed , Zaki Elmeazawy Rehab , Abd El-Moamen Soliman Ghada , Abd El-Basset Abo El-Ezz Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Background: Asthma is the most widespread chronic paediatric condition, and Mg is one of the body's most plentiful ions. Due to its bronchodilator activity, it is used to treat acute asthma attacks by reversing bronchospasm. Our aim was to study the oral Mg supplementation effect as an adjuvant in the management of asthmatic children in between the attacks of asthma.

Methods: This case control study included eighty children, aged from 4 to 17 years old and were grouped into three groups group A, B, and control group. Group A included 40 moderate and severe asthmatic children who received oral Mg supplementation for two months plus ordinary treatment of asthma. Group B involved twenty asthmatic children who were given ordinary asthma treatment only and twenty healthy children with apparently age and sex matched were served as control group.

Results: Family history of allergies, serum Mg, pulmonary function tests were statistically significant different between studied groups. There was a negative significant relation between asthma severity and both of serum Mg and pulmonary function tests. A positive significant correlation was found between serum Mg and pulmonary function tests.

Conclusion: Serum Mg level and pulmonary function tests were significantly lower in asthmatic children. Children with asthma who were given oral Mg supplementation showed improvement in their pulmonary function tests and serum Mg level and asthma severity.
Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of β-carotene on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Khanam Khadiza , Mostofa Kamal A. H. M. , Yeasmin Mim , Rajia Sultana
Published: January 2023

Objective: A vital anti-oxidant, β-carotene has the capacity to reduce reactive oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome such as Type 2 (T2) Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and prevent inflammation, obesity, alzheimer and cardiovascular diseases in human. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of β-carotene on streptozotocin (STZ)- induced T2DM rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wister rats through the intraperitoneal administration of STZ (50 mg/kg b.w.). Antihyperlipidemic activities of β-carotene were evaluated by oral dose (10 mg/70 kg b.w.) once daily for 21 days. Metformin (12.1 mg/kg b.w.) was used as a positive control.

Results: Blood samples of rats were drawn by tail vein puncture and cardiac puncture to determine the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. The result of individual treatment of β-carotene and metformin significantly (p<0.001) reversed the diabetes induced increase in FBG, LDL, TC and TG, whereas pointedly increased the STZ-induced decrease in HDL, if compared to the diabetic control.

Conclusion: The monotherapy of β-carotene had important antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects and provided a scientific rationale for their use in antidiabetic therapy as a potential antioxidant.
Association of Patient Proximity to Dermatologic Care With Melanoma Stage at Diagnosis and Outcome
Authors: Chen Ailynna , Grubbs Caitlyn S. , Zafar Faraaz S. , Loeffler Bradley T. , Mott Sarah L. , Carrel Margaret , Powers Jennifer G.
Published: January 2023

This cohort study evaluates the association of proximity to dermatologic clinicians with stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival among adults with cutaneous melanoma in Iowa.
Why Hippocampal Glutamate Levels Are Elevated in Schizophrenia
Authors: Guo Jia , Rothman Douglas L. , Small Scott A.
Published: January 2023

This article discusses why glutamate levels are abnormally elevated in the hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.
Occupancy, density, and activity patterns of a Critically Endangered leopard population on the Kawthoolei‐Thailand border
Authors: Greenspan Evan , Montgomery Clara , Stokes Demelza , K'lu Saw Say , Moo Saw Sha Bwe , Anile Stefano , Giordano Anthony J. , Nielsen Clayton K.
Published: January 2023

Large carnivores have been largely extirpated from Southeast Asia due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and poaching. Estimating the density of endangered carnivore populations, and identifying relationships between species occupancy and both environmental and anthropogenic factors, is essential for effective conservation planning. Recently, the IUCN conservation status of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) was upgraded to “Critically Endangered.” We surveyed Kweekoh Wildlife Sanctuary in Kawthoolei, an area administered by the Karen ethnic group in eastern Myanmar, to quantify (1) leopard population density using spatially explicit mark‐resight (SMR) models, (2) leopard occupancy as influenced by important ecological variables, and (3) potential differences in activity between melanistic and spotted leopard morphs. Leopard density was estimated to be 1.39 ± SE 0.22/100 km2. Leopard occupancy (ψ = 0.43; 95% credible interval: 0.26–0.67) increased further from roads, at relatively higher elevations, and in areas with higher relative abundance of wild boar. Leopard activity was cathemeral, with higher activity during night hours, and significant overlap (Δ = 0.84; 95% confidence interval: 0.71–0.96) between melanistic and spotted morphs. However, melanistic leopards were more active during twilight hours than spotted individuals whose activity did not significantly vary throughout the day. Indochinese leopard density estimates in Kweekoh were among the lowest reported from Southeast Asia. Leopard occupancy was highest in the sanctuary's core areas, suggesting the presence of negative anthropogenic impacts along the sanctuary borders. We suggest our low density estimates warrant immediate and decisive conservation action, including better protection for leopards, their habitat, and their prey.
Dialcohol Cellulose Nanocrystals Enhanced Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Based Self‐Healing Ion Conductors with Ultra‐Stretchability and Sensitivity
Authors: Sun Xia , Zhu Yeling , Yu Zhengyang , Liang Yalan , Zhu Jiaying , Jiang Feng
Published: January 2023

Recently, ion conductors have been extensively explored in various fields due to their flexibility, sensitivity, and conductivity. However, ultrastretchable and self‐healing ion conductors with wide sensing ranges and high sensitivity are rarely reported. In this study, dialcohol cellulose nanocrystals (DCNCs) are successfully fabricated by sequential periodate oxidization and reduction and introduced them into polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDES) to prepare nanocomposite ion conductors. Due to the high dispersity of DCNCs in PDES, the obtained ion conductors exhibit improved tensile strain (3869 ± 607.21%) and tensile stress (0.220 ± 0.022 MPa) simultaneously, and display self‐healing ability in terms of both electrical and mechanical properties. In addition, the ion conductors are able to detect human motions by transmitting deformation into resistance signals even after self‐healing, which prolongs the service life. Generally, this study paves the way for the design of self‐healing and stretchable ion conductors for wearable electronics.
Association of dietary intake with body mass index and glycemic profile among newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wasana Keddagoda Gamage Piyumi , Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani , Weerarathna Thilak Priyantha , Amarasekera Devpura Arachchige Bandumalee Nimalshanthi , Jayatilaka Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Dietary intake plays an important role in determining body mass index (BMI) and glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to describe habitual dietary intake and its associations with BMI and glycemic profile in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in Sri Lanka.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out among 158 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in Galle, Sri Lanka. Data on demographic, lifestyle, and family history of diabetes mellitus, and clinical measures were collected. The dietary information was collected using a 24‐h dietary recall.

Results

Among the total number of study subjects, only 12.0%, 5.7% and 1.3% met the recommended daily consumption value of protein, fat, and fiber, respectively, whereas 99.4% of subjects had taken carbohydrates that exceeded the recommended consumption. There was a positive association between carbohydrate intake and BMI (0.004, [0.002], p = .048) and carbohydrate intake and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (0.001, [0.000], p = .049). Fat intake showed positive associations with BMI (0.029, [0.011], p = .006) and HbA1C (0.005, [0.002], p = .050). Protein intake showed a positive association with HbA1C (0.006, [0.003], p = .023). The aforementioned associations were observed after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and history of diabetes among the first‐degree family members. The carbohydrate intake was positively associated with BMI (0.010, [0.003], p = .003) and HbA1C (0.001, [0.000], p = .050) with further adjustment in nutrient intake (except when used as an independent variable). Furthermore, the fat intake was associated with BMI (0.031, [0.011], p = .004) and HbA1C (0.005 [0.002], p = .050) with additional adjustments.

Conclusions

The diet of the majority of newly diagnosed T2DM patients in this cohort consisted of a higher carbohydrate intake than the recommended level. However, they did not meet the recommended daily intake of protein, fat, and fiber. Both carbohydrate and fat intake were significantly and positively associated with BMI and HbA1C in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.
Anxiety, emotions, and thoughts of veterinary medicine students during their first visit to the dissection room
Authors: Terrado José , Gómez Olga , Chicharro Deborah , García‐Manzanares Maria , Juárez Miriam , Romo‐Barrientos Carmen , Mohedano‐Moriano Alicia , Criado‐Álvarez Juan José
Published: January 2023

The use of cadavers is essential for veterinary anatomy learning. However, facing an animal corpse can be stressful for veterinary students because of their empathy toward animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate veterinary medicine students' emotions, feelings, and anxiety levels related to practicals with dog cadavers. Two questionnaires were administered to 1st year students (n = 168) at CEU Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia (Spain) before and after their first practical session with cadavers. The application of State–Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires showed that “state anxiety” decreased significantly (p < 0.05), from a score of 14.8 before the practical to 10.4 after, and that female students showed higher but not significantly different levels than males. Most (64%) of the students were not willing to donate the bodies of their pets, and those students were more stressed before the practical than their peers, although their anxiety levels significantly decreased by the end of the session. The majority of the students answered positively about emotions, such as feeling calm, safe, not nervous, relaxed and not worried before the practical, and this increased significantly to more than 80% by the end of the session. The visualization of educational videos prior to the session was evaluated positively by students. These results agree with those reported in other health science disciplines, showing that students face practical sessions with corpses in a similar way and suggesting that the use of videos can help decrease anxiety and enhance their learning experience.
1T‐MoS2 Enriched Hierarchical MoS2/MoO3 Produced by Phase Transformation for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Lu Yi , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Tian Ge , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: January 2023

In recent years, transition metal sulfides have been widely studied in the context of their use as electrocatalysts. The electrocatalytic propensity of the classical semiconductor MoS2, which exists in the 1T and 2H phase structures, has attracted extensive attention. Therefore, the synthesis of highly active and stable MoS2‐based catalysts has become the goal of many research efforts. We recently developed a method that can be utilized to prepare the MoS2/MoO3 heterojunction in a phase‐controlled manner. 1T‐MoS2 phase enriched MoS2/MoO3 heterojunction can be generated using a simple hydrothermal and acid treatment sequence and that the heterojunction has a unique three‐dimensional structure, large active surface area, and therefore achieve a low overpotential and high catalytic current density, as well as long‐term stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Black hole binaries with natal kicks
Authors: Santiago‐Leandro Edwin , Aviles Clarissa , Batta Aldo
Published: January 2023

We study the viability of obtaining large natal kicks during the formation of massive black holes (BHs) by studying the asymmetric mild explosion of 21 M⊙ pre‐supernova stellar models, by means of 3D Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. Our preliminary results show either smaller or higher values for the final velocity of the BH than the reduced velocity expected from BH mass accretion, depending on the energy of the explosion.
An Aqueous Manganese‐Ion Battery with NaV6O15/C Microrods as a Stable Mn2+ Storage Host
Authors: Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri , Lee Jun , Kim Sungjin , Kim Jung Ho , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Kim Jaekook
Published: January 2023

Manganese‐ion batteries (MIBs) involving aqueous electrolytes are regarded as next‐generation energy‐storage systems for utilization in safe and non‐flammable, grid‐scale energy‐storing appliances. For practical application, it is very important to establish a stable cathode with a high capacity and stable cycle life. In this respect, vanadium‐based layered oxides have been well demonstrated as suitable cathodes for aqueous‐electrolyte‐based batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and adequate working voltage. However, the dissolution of vanadium in the aqueous electrolyte directly affects the cycle life of the vanadium‐based layered oxides. In the present study, a carbon‐coating approach is established to boost the rate capability and cycling stability of the NaV6O15 (NVO) cathode. When employed as a cathode for MIBs, the carbon‐coated NaV6O15 (NVO/C) supplies a stable recoverable capacity of 149 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1 after the 1600 consecutive cycles with 88 % capacity retention, along with a rapid Mn2+ storage ability of 6000 cycles at 3.0 A g−1 with 74 % capacity retention.
Interpreting fossilized nervous tissues
Authors: Aria Cédric , Vannier Jean , Park Tae‐Yoon S. , Gaines Robert R.
Published: January 2023

Paleoneuranatomy is an emerging subfield of paleontological research with great potential for the study of evolution. However, the interpretation of fossilized nervous tissues is a difficult task and presently lacks a rigorous methodology. We critically review here cases of neural tissue preservation reported in Cambrian arthropods, following a set of fundamental paleontological criteria for their recognition. These criteria are based on a variety of taphonomic parameters and account for morphoanatomical complexity. Application of these criteria shows that firm evidence for fossilized nervous tissues is less abundant and detailed than previously reported, and we synthesize here evidence that has stronger support. We argue that the vascular system, and in particular its lacunae, may be central to the understanding of many of the fossilized peri‐intestinal features known across Cambrian arthropods. In conclusion, our results suggest the need for caution in the interpretation of evidence for fossilized neural tissue, which will increase the accuracy of evolutionary scenarios. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/2_JlQepRTb0
Decitabine combined with RDHAP regimen in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Kong Xiaoshuang , Zhang Xudong , Ding Mengjie , Feng Xiaoyan , Dong Meng , Zhang Lei , Fu Xiaorui , Li Ling , Li Xin , Sun Zhenchang , Yan Jiaqin , Wang Xinhua , Wu Xiaolong , Chen Qingjiang , Zhang Mingzhi , Zhu Linan
Published: January 2023

Background

There is an urgent need for effective treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R‐DLBCL). This trial investigated the efficacy of decitabine in combination with rituximab, cisplatin, cytarabine, dexamethasone (RDHAP) in R/R‐DLBCL.

Methods

56 patients were divided into two groups (decitabine‐RDHAP group. n = 35; RDHAP group, n = 21). The primary endpoints were the overall response rate (ORR) and duration of remission (DOR). Secondary objectives were toxicity, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

The ORR was 40% and 33% for decitabine‐RDHAP and RDHAP groups, respectively, with no difference between the groups. The DOR for the decitabine‐RDHAP regimen was higher than that for the RDHAP regimen (p = 0.044). After a median follow‐up of 12.0 months, the median PFS and OS were 7.0 and 17.0 months for in the decitabine‐RDHAP group and 5.0 and 9.0 months in the RDHAP group with no significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.47, 0.17). The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion

The decitabine‐RDHAP regimen is effective and well tolerated, and is a promising salvage regimen for R/R‐DLBCL.
Possible Mechanism of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Seed Extract Suppresses the Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells SMMC‐7721
Authors: Huang Jing , Hao Junmei , Nie Jintao , Qian Ruihua , Li Haiying , Zhao Jiayuan , Wang Yanan
Published: January 2023

Mexican tea (Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants) is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids and could be a potential medicinal herb that can be used for prevention of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to elaborate the possible mechanism for the prevention or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using Mexican tea, and to provide new avenues for the utilization of the invasive plant. In this study, the D. ambrosioides seed extracts (CSE) were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and the effects of CSE on proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression of SMMC‐7721 cells were investigated. Eight compounds were identified in CSE, and the compound with the highest content was ascaridole (25.82 %). The proliferation was significantly inhibited by CSE (p<0.05), and IC50 values were 0.587 g/L, 0.360 g/L, and 0.361 g/L at 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited (p<0.05). The network pharmacology and transcriptome analysis indicated that 2‐hydroxy‐2,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan‐3‐one, cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid and 2‐ethylcyclohexanone might be the active compounds. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway, which is related to migration and invasion, was significantly altered; this was verified by western blot assay. The expression of wnt11, lef1 and mmp7 genes in SMMC‐7721 cells was significantly down‐regulated (p<0.05), while gsk‐3β was significantly up‐regulated (p<0.05). These results indicate that CSE inhibits the invasion and migration of SMMC‐7721 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the Wnt signaling pathway.
Dropout AlexNet‐extreme learning optimized with fast gradient descent optimization algorithm for brain tumor classification
Authors: Mary Adline Priya M. , S Joseph Jawhar
Published: January 2023

Brain tumor is caused by the growth of abnormal cells, which forms a mass and affects the brain functions. The existing methods did not provide sufficient accuracy with high computational complexity. Therefore, in this manuscript, a Dropout AlexNet‐Extreme Learning optimized with Fast Gradient Descent optimization algorithm is proposed for detecting and classifying images of brain tumor. Here, the input magnetic resonance imaging images are taken from three datasets: BRATS dataset, ISLES dataset, and RemBRANDT Dataset. Then the imageries are preprocessed to remove the noise as well as improve the superiority of the images. The image features are extracted using the Gray‐Level Co‐Occurrence Matrix methods. The extracted features are given to the Dropout AlexNet‐XtremeLearning Machine architecture for classification. Finally, the DrpXLM classifier classifying the brain images as benign, malignant, and normal. The simulation is implemented in MATLAB. For BRATS dataset, the proposed strategy achieves34.64%, 45.36%, and 33.32% higher accuracy for benign, 37.85%, 28.94%, and 56.74% higher accuracy for malignant and 46.76%, 38.96%, and 44.86% better accuracy for normal compared with the existing methods, like Gaussian filters and long short‐term memory based brain tumor detection (GF‐LSTM‐BTD), Shannon's‐Entropy and Social‐Group‐Optimization based brain tumor detection (SE‐SGO‐BTD), Alex and Google networks with softmax layer based brain tumor detection (AGN‐SOFT‐BTD).
Identifying Genetic Regulators of Protein‐Glycan Interactions with Genome‐Wide CRISPR Screening
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Vignesh , Daly John , Wisnovsky Simon
Published: January 2023

Glycans are carbohydrate molecules appended to proteins and lipids on the surface of all living cells. Glycans play key roles in a wide array of biological processes, and structural changes in cell‐surface glycosylation patterns have been connected to pathogenesis of several diseases. In particular, cancer cells frequently upregulate expression of glycans that bind to inhibitory receptors (lectins) on immune cells. These glycosylated antigens systematically inhibit immune activity and protect cancer cells from immune surveillance. Understanding how cancer cells generate these glycan ligands can thus lead to identification of novel druggable targets for therapeutic intervention. However, glycan ligand biosynthesis is subject to extremely complex genetic regulation, making it difficult to identify the key genes involved in production of immune‐regulatory glycan antigens. In a recent publication, we described a CRISPR/Cas9 screening approach to identify genes that drive synthesis of ligands for glycan‐binding immune receptors. Here, we outline a detailed, step‐by‐step protocol for completing this type of genome‐wide screen. Our protocol produces a genome‐wide atlas of all genes whose expression is required for cell‐surface binding of a recombinant immune lectin. This dataset can be used both to identify novel ligands for immune lectins and annotate regulatory genes that drive changes in cancer‐associated glycosylation. Our protocol serves as a general resource for researchers interested in the detailed study of cancer glyco‐immunology. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Generation of a genome‐wide CRISPR library using lentiviral transduction

Support Protocol: Generation of dCas9KRAB‐expressing K‐562 cells

Basic Protocol 2: Staining of genome‐wide CRISPR libraries with Siglec‐Fc reagents and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting

Basic Protocol 3: Library amplification and sequencing

Basic Protocol 4: Data analysis and hit identification
A high‐efficient imprecise discrete cosine transform block based on a novel full adder and Wallace multiplier for bioimages compression
Authors: Esmaeili Elham , Pesaran Farshad , Shiri Nabiollah
Published: January 2023

Sophisticated systems take advantage of approximate circuits for energy management. A gate‐level structure is introduced to make a novel imprecise full adder (FA) cell by the gate diffusion input (GDI) strategy. The carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor (CNTFET) technology lowers the FA power, and the swing issue is resolved by the dynamic threshold (DT) technique. The FA specifications are 10 transistors, two internal nodes, 0.191‐μm2 area, three errors, and an error rate (ER) of 37.5%. Some inputs are directly passed to the final stage of the FA to reduce the delay and dynamic power. The FA is used in three 4:2 compressors with 12, 16, and 20 transistors, respectively. The compressors are based on the modified stacking concept to attain low power, small area, and high speed. The compressors are used up in the partial product reduction tree (PPRT) of a new 8‐bit inexact multiplier. Regarding the multiplier, the power–delay product (PDP) is decreased by 25.21%, and the normalized mean error distance (NMED) shows high accuracy. An imprecise discrete cosine transform (DCT) is implemented by the multiplier for image compression, and compared with the literature, the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index metric (SSIM) are amended by 8.26% and 7.29%, respectively.
Study of nonlinear characteristics in hollow cathode discharge in unmagnetized plasmas
Authors: Paul Manash Kumar , Debnath Arpan , Kasturiya Akash A. K. , Bhattacharjee Sumi , Bose Subhojit
Published: January 2023

Parametric study and nonlinear dynamical analysis of the discharge parameter variations are presented here for a hollow cathode source in the glow discharge regime and later in the radio frequency (RF) discharge regime. A plasma source consisting of a semi‐transparent hollow cathode leads to the generation of nonthermal energetic charged particles and the formation of multiple potential regimes in the plasma column during both the glow discharge as well as the RF discharge regimes. The hollow cathode discharge obtained using this single plasma source exhibits significant mixed‐mode oscillations (MMOs) during the glow discharge regime. Various regular and irregular sequences of MMOs evolved during the progressive change of discharge voltage in the glow discharge regime. During the RF power application across the hollow cathode source, the charged particles oscillate and appear in bursts in the time series. The present study investigates energy distribution among the coherent modes of discharge through the application of the Empirical Mode Decomposition technique. Multiple coherent modes are identified during both discharge regimes that carry most of the discharge energy.
Bacterial exposure risk to the endoscopist's face while performing endoscopy
Authors: Hoshi Kentaro , Kikuchi Hidezumi , Narita Koji , Fukutoku Yukari , Asari Taka , Miyazawa Kuniaki , Murai Yasuhisa , Sawada Yohei , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Hasui Keisuke , Hiraga Hiroto , Chinda Daisuke , Mikami Tatsuya , Subsomwong Phawinee , Asano Krisana , Nakane Akio , Fukuda Shinsaku , Sakuraba Hirotake
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Gastrointestinal endoscopy increases the risk of bacterial exposure to endoscopists. However, before 2019, most endoscopists did not pay attention to microorganism transmission from patients. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of bacterial exposure to endoscopists’ faces during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures using the bacterial culture method.

Methods

This was a single‐centered, retrospective study including endoscopists who performed various gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures at the Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital between August 31 and October 6, 2020. Endoscopists wore surgical masks and affixed pre‐sterilized films over them. Following the gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, attached microbes were collected from the endoscopists’ surface films using sterilized swabs. Collected microorganisms were cultured on tryptic soy agar and 5% sheep blood agar, and the incidence of bacterial exposure was determined by bacterial culture positivity. Cultured bacteria were identified by gram staining and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

Bacterial culture positivity was 12.6%, and it was significantly higher in therapeutic than in diagnostic endoscopy. Notably, therapeutic endoscopy increased bacterial culture positivity in colonoscopy, but not in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Staphylococci, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus capitis, were the most commonly found bacteria in samples identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Conclusions

The risk of bacterial exposure to the endoscopist's face was increased in colonoscopy treatment procedures. Therefore, endoscopists should be aware of the significant risk of microbial infection from scattering fluid that comes from the endoscopy's working channel.
Pet cat personality linked to owner‐reported predation frequency
Authors: Cordonnier Marion , Perrot Amira , Ferry Nicolas , Bonnaud Elsa , Baudry Emmanuelle
Published: January 2023

The domestic cat,Felis catus, is one of the most popular and widespread domestic animals. Because domestic cats can reach high population densities and retain at least some tendency to hunt, their overall impact on wildlife can be severe. Domestic cats have highly variable predation rates depending on the availability of prey in their environment, their owners' practices, and individual cat characteristics. Among these characteristics, cat personality has recently been hypothesized to be an important factor contributing to variations in the hunting activity of cats. In this study, we surveyed 2508 cat owners living in France about their cats' personalities, using the Feline Five personality framework, and the frequency with which cats bring home prey. Personality traits were analyzed using factor analysis and related to predation frequency using cumulative logit models. For both birds and small mammals, cats with high levels of extraversion or low levels of neuroticism had significantly higher frequencies of prey return. Owners whose cats had low levels of agreeableness or high levels of dominance reported a significantly lower frequency of bird return. Personality differences therefore seem to contribute to the high variability in predation rates among domestic cats. We also found that the owner‐reported prey return frequencies were significantly higher for cats spending more time outdoors, for non‐pedigree cats, and for owners living in rural or suburban areas as opposed to urban areas. By contrast, we did not detect an effect of cat sex or age on their reported prey return rates.
Demography and space‐use of Eastern Red‐backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) between mature and successional forests
Authors: Gade Meaghan R. , Gould Philip R. , Wilk Andrew J. , Donlon Kate C. , Brown MacKenzie L. , Behan Marnie L. , Roseman Marissa A. , Tutterow Annalee M. , Amber Evan D. , Wagner Ryan B. , Hoffman Andrew S. , Myers Jennifer M. , Peterman William E.
Published: January 2023

Space‐use and demographic processes are critical to the persistence of populations across space and time. Despite their importance, estimates of these processes are often derived from a limited number of populations spanning broad habitat or environmental gradients. With increasing appreciation of the role fine‐scale environmental variation in microgeographic adaptation, there is a need and value to assessing within‐site variation in space‐use and demographic patterns. In this study, we analyze 3 years of spatial capture–recapture data on the Eastern Red‐backed Salamander collected from a mixed‐use deciduous forest site in central Ohio, USA. Study plots were situated in both a mature forest stand and successional forest stand separated by <100‐m distance. Our results showed that salamander density was reduced on successional plots, which corresponded with greater distance between nearest neighbors, less overlap in core use areas, greater space‐use, and greater shifts in activity centers when compared to salamanders occupying the mature habitat. By contrast, individual growth rates of salamanders occupying the successional forest were significantly greater than salamanders in the mature forest. These estimates result in successional plot salamanders reaching maturity more than 1 year earlier than salamanders on the mature forest plots and increasing their estimated lifetime fecundity by as much as 43%. The patterns we observed in space‐use and individual growth are likely the result of density‐dependent processes, potentially reflecting differences in resource availability or quality. Our study highlights how fine‐scale, within‐site variation can shape population demographics. As research into the demographic and population consequences of climate change and habitat loss and alteration continue, future research should take care to acknowledge the role that fine‐scale variation may play, especially for abiotically sensitive organisms with limited vagility.