ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И ПРИЁМОВ СОЗДАНИЯ КУЛЬТУР СОСНЫ В БОРАХ МАРИЙСКОГО ЛЕСНОГО ЗАВОЛЖЬЯ НА ИХ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ
Authors: Демаков Ю.П. 
Published: February 2025

Приведены результаты многолетних исследований по оценке влияния способов обработки почвы и приёмов создания культур сосны в борах Марийского Заволжья на их состояние, рост и производительность. Показано, что таксационные параметры насаждений во всех вариантах опыта, за исключением культур с попарно сближенными рядами, к возрасту 40–45 лет становятся практически одинаковыми. Сделан вывод о том, что искусственное лесовосстановление на вырубках и гарях в этих условиях целесообразнее проводить путём посадки сеянцев с исходной густотой не более 2,5 тыс. экз./га без дополнительной обработки почвы, стремясь к равномерному размещению растений в пространстве биотопа. Это позволит не только снизить затраты на создание и выращивание лесных культур, но также улучшить структуру и производительность насаждений. Проводить изреживание имеющихся культур сосны в возрасте старше 15–20 лет нецелесообразно, поскольку рубки ухода не позволят в полной мере окупить затрат на их проведение.

Introduction. The research is of current relevance as there is a necessity in enhancement the activities of artificial forest regeneration including optimization of forest plantation establishmentmethods and pre-treatment of soil for them oriented to the decrease of energy and labor costs. The research is aimed at assessing the influence of methods of forest plantations establishment and pre-treatment of soil on the growth and productivity of stands in dry coniferous forests of Mari Trans-Volga Region. Material and methods. Field observations were carried out at a stationary facility established in 1975 at a three-year massive old fire-site. Various methods of tillage (broadcast tillage, ridge tillage, clearing without treatment) and methods of pine plantations establishment (planting in rows and "coulisses" as well as sowing)were used. All the six variants of experiment were twice repeated, an assessment of plantations with the detailed tree count, their division into three category (dead, live for felling, live for growing) and trees height measurement were made on a regular basis. The assessment of stand productivity (volume of stand productivity, stock of wood and stumpage value) was made using certain equations on the basis of the rate of mean diameter, height and number of trees. Digital empiric material was processed using the standard methods of mathematical statistics and application program packages. Results. The author demonstrated that productivity of 42-year old pine plantations in dry and fresh coniferous forests of Mari El Republic in all variants of experiment, except for the plantations with the closed rows in pairs, is virtually the same one. The density of stands, especially in sows, was excessive at the time of measurement. However, it is unviable to thin them because the cleaning cuttings don`t cover the costs incurred. Conclusion. Forest plantations of pine at the fire-sites and slashes in dry coniferous forests of Mari El and Middle Volga Region is desirable to establish by planting the seedlings with the initial density no more than 2.5 ths. trees/ha without additional tillage. The seedlings should be planted on an even basis.