bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical fragmentation and Bioavailability for Lead in some calcareous soils from the city of Mosul
Authors: Al- Hayani Abdul Sattar J Z , Al-Obaidi Mohamed A J
Published: October 2019

The first two sites were selected from the Aden district and geographically defined by coordinates N36° 21′ 21.5″ E43° 12′ 39.1″ In the course of valley Al-Danfili in the city of Mosul, which pours its cargo in the Tigris River at the site of the Al-Mazara district, which is geographically defined by coordinates N36° 19′ 50.2″ E43° 09′ 49.05″ We classified the soil suborder (Argids, Orthents) Respectively. The total content of the Lead was separated by extracting the soil in a sequential manner in order to identify the nature of its distribution within the different soil phases according to the following context: Water extraction and then (0.005M) (DTPA) Which is associated with carbonates with diluted hydrochloric acid solution (0.1M). The H2O2 extraction stage is 20% equilibrium for the purpose of determining organic matter content then associated with non-crystalline iron oxides (AFeOx) Amorphous Fe Oxides using a mixture solution (0.25M NH2OH. HCl + 0.25M HCl) (10: 1) (solution: soil), This was followed by the final phase, which included mechanical separation of sand, silt and clay digest each separately by using a wet digestion method to determine residual content(sand, silt and clay). Lead was measured in the solutions and extracts in the solutions above using the (GBC 933plus) atomic absorption device The results indicated the following: The water soluble fraction ranged from (0.33 to 0.34) mg.kg−1 and by (0.10%), exchange from (15.14 to 7.01) mg.kg−1 and by(3.31%), associated with oxides from (14.20 to 76.29) mg.kg−1 and by (13.51%), which is related to the organic matter from (29.60 to 23.00) mg.kg−1 and by (7.85%), associated with carbonates from (261.20 to 87.50) mg.kg−1 and by (52.04%), and associated with clay from (43.84 to 10.77) mg.kg−1 and by (8.15%), and associated with silt from (22.23 to 3.59) mg.kg−1 and by (3.85%) and associated with sand from (44.46 to 30.50) mg. kg−1 and (11.19%) of the total content from the Aden(clay) and the Al-mazara (sandy clay loam) districts Respectively. The physiochemical pathway for the distribution of Lead in the calcareous conditions prevailing in the following area is explained: Solid carbonates > Oxides > Sand > clay > Organic Matter> Silt > Exchange > Soluble.
Cytotoxicity study and bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil.
Authors: Wali Alwan Saad
Published: October 2019

Abstracts. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the toxic effect of petroleum-contaminated soil by determining chromosomal aberration on mitosis of the onion root tip and demonstrating the role of mixtures or consortia of microbes in the detoxification of crude oil hydrocarbons. Soil samples were treated with different concentrations of petroleum (0, 2, 4, 8% of soil pot). All treatments with the exception of control were added 0.2 g consortium and one group was treated with only distilled water. To allow the degradation of oil components, all treatments were incubated in laboratory conditions for three periods (3,30,60 days). The results showed that chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells of Allium cepa are an abnormal anaphase with breakage, multipolar anaphase with breakage, normal metaphase and sticky metaphase, Mitotic index (MI) chromosomes that were calculated during prophase, metaphase and anaphase. The results show that adding a microbial consortium to the soil (0.2g/pot) where it recorded 600 divided cells per 1000 cells (IM=60) after incubation for 60 days, High level of crude oil 8% was caused decreasing of MI to 1.5, 3, 3.5 without any adding, while recording 35,46,50 (only distill water) in the control group. On the other hand, the high percentage removal of hydrocarbons by microbial activity with a low concentration of crude oil is 55% with increasing of time duration.
Plasma propulsion for telecommunication satellites
Authors: Conde L
Published: October 2019

Electric thrusters are used for in-space propulsion of spacecraft for a combination of practical and economic reasons. These devices that use electric power to accelerate the mass flow of the propellant at exhaust velocities are one or two order of magnitude faster than those achieved in conventional chemical propulsion. This feature results in significant propellant savings that allows longer mission times and heavier payloads, however, the thrusts achieved are lower for important electric power consumptions. The different electric thrusters that are currently used in Europe for both in-orbit corrections and also for orbit raising to the operational orbit from the separation stage of the launcher will be introduced. This propulsion system also serves to expel these vehicles from their orbit at the end of their useful life to control the increase of space debris in Earth orbit. Additionally, the characteristics of new low-power electric engines with thrust levels in the range 0.1-10 mN and electric power consumptions below 500 W will be discussed. These are required for flight formation, orbital corrections and end-of-life disposal in the new constellations of small satellites in low Earth orbit intended for planetary internet coverage and interactive television services.
NMR investigation of iron-containing magnetically ordered nanomaterial used for preparing of magnetic fluid
Authors: Mazur A S , Pleshakov I V , Khudyakov A V , Bibik E E , Kuzmin Yu I
Published: October 2019

The first observation of 57Fe nuclear magnetic resonance in nanostructured magnetite, used for preparing of magnetic fluid is reported. The radiospectroscopic technique required for the reliable spin echo signal observation is discussed. The data on resonance line associated with physical properties of the material, are presented.
Spatial charge relaxation in glasses poled in the air and argon atmospheres
Authors: Trufanov D A , Reshetov I V , Lipovskii A A , Tagantsev D K
Published: October 2019

Thermal poling of a multicomponent silicate glass was performed in air and in argon atmospheres at various voltages, and the temperature dependences of the depolarization currents (TSDC) in the poled glasses were studied. In addition, the concentration profiles of univalent and bivalent cations in subanodic regions of the poled glasses were measured with EDS and SIMS techniques. The difference in the displacements of bivalent ions at poling of the glasses in closed and open anode configurations allowed us to identify “frozen” spatial charge relaxation peaks observed in the TSDC measurements and to relate these peaks to hydrogen and bivalent metal ions relaxation.
A tunable spin wave photonic generator with improved phase noise characteristics
Authors: Ustinov A B , Kondrashov A V , Nikitin A A , Lebedev V V , Petrov A N , Shamrai AV , Kalinikos B A
Published: October 2019

Phase noise spectra of the microwave spin-wave photonic generator were measured for various lengths of the optical fibres. Results show that the increase in fibre length from 200 m to 4 km reduces the phase noise tending to a limit value around -146.5 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz offset from a generation frequency of 10 GHz.
Determination of blood flow velocity by means of analysis of the laser speckle-field dynamics
Authors: Savchenko E A , Gudzlovenko N K
Published: October 2019

In this paper the method of microcirculatory blood flow velocity registration is considered. The proposed method is based on speckle pattern analysis. The measuring setup of blood flow velocity is presented. Using this setup, blood flow velocity of a group of people under various conditions has been studied and the results of these studies are presented.
Development of lidar system based on nanosatellite for composition of 3D space debris map
Authors: Andryakov A A , Malygin D V , Khabibulin A R
Published: October 2019

A CubeSat mission is described in this paper, which deals with the space debris identification, classification and aggregation. The mission is responsible for debris observation close to the most populated orbit by on-board laser illuminator (lidar) system. An optical scheme of lidar was described. The energy balance and range of work were calculated. The architecture and properties of CubeSat are based on the multi-purpose block-modular platform «Synergy» [1].
The influence of quantization of optimal FTN signals with PAM on correlation properties and level of out-of-band emissions
Authors: Ovsyannikova A S , Makarov S B , Zavjalov S V , Solomitckii D
Published: October 2019

Usage of faster than Nyquist signaling (FTN) in practice is limited by the complexity of the formation and detection devices. Optimal FTN pulses may be formed via digital non-recursive filters. One of the important parameters that affect the performance of such devices is the number of quantization levels. In this paper, the influence of the number of quantization levels for optimal FTN signals with pulse-amplitude modulation on spectral characteristics, correlation properties and the probability of error detection is investigated. It is shown that at least 64 quantization levels should be chosen to provide almost potential bit error rate performance and additional spectral quantization noise about – 40 dB for volumes of channel alphabet upto 8. Decreasing the volume of channel alphabet allows reducing the requirements for the number of quantization levels.
Errors in simplex data transmission channel based on visible light communication
Authors: Borodkin A I , Krasavtsev I A , Gareev E Z , Polukhin I S , Kozyreva O A , Shcheglov S A , Shiryayev D S , Odnoblyudov M A , Bougrov V E
Published: October 2019

We analyze the wireless visible light simplex data transmission channel based on visible light communication (VLC) technology and determine 2 main types of errors that occur while using a modern smartphone as a receiver. We have calculated highest probable data transfer speed in our communication channel, and have developed a cyclical data transmission system with bandwidths of up to 4 kbits at a distance of 1 m, using a conventional domestic LED illuminator equipped with a modulator as a transmitter and a developed client application for an Android smartphone with a standard camera module as a receiver.
Using of the rubidium – 87 quantum frequency standard in navigational systems
Authors: Valov A P , Davydov R V , Rud V Yu , Grevtseva A S
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the using of the rubidium – 87 quantum frequency standard for satellite navigation systems. A method for improving the parameters of the microwave excitation signal to enhance the short-term and long-term stability of the standard is proposed. The results of experimental studies are presented.
Screening of Marine Microalgae Collected from Wakatobi as Anti-Tyrosinase
Authors: Raharjo S , Fatanah V N , Susilaningsih D , Kasim M , Susilawati P E , Muzuni  , Rahman D Y , Tien
Published: October 2019

Three microalgae isolates from Wakatobi waters collected by LIPI have been cultivated, ie LIPI 13-2-AL018, LIPI 13-3-AL066, and LIPI 13-2-AL072. Furthermore, the isolates were grown to create a growth curve, this is to determine the harvest time of biomass. Each isolate had different biomass harvest times: LIPI 13-2-AL018 and LIPI 13-2-AL072 isolates were harvested on the 14th day, while LIPI 13-2-AL066 on day 12. After harvesting, the biomass was dried, destroyed the cell wall with sonicator. Extraction of secondary metabolite compounds was performed using three types of solvents, namely: ethanol, ethanol + n-hexane (1: 1), and diethyl ether. Based on the results of inhibition testing of tyrosinase it was found that the biggest inhibition was derived from extract of LIPI-13-2-AL066 isolate, using ethanol-hexane solvent.
Optimization of Total Anthocyanin Extraction from Brown Rice (Oryza nivara)
Authors: Anggraeni V J , Ramdanawati L , Ayuantika W
Published: October 2019

Brown rice contains anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that gives red color to brown rice. Anthocyanin is an unstable compound, so it is necessary to optimize the extraction method to find out the proper extraction method in obtaining the largest anthocyanin level in brown rice. Optimization of extraction conducted in this study include solvent, addition of HCl and size of brown rice Measurement of levels in this study using the method of differential pH with visible spectrofotometer tool. The results showed that extraction using methanol-HCl solvent was the best extraction process. As for the size of rice particles does not affect the amount of extracted anthocyanins.
Analysis of Argumentation Skills in Biological Learning in Senior High School Students
Authors: Astira S , Sajidan  , Dwiastuti S
Published: October 2019

This research was conducted to find out the students’ initial skills in empowering argumentation skills in biological learning in Senior High School students. The data to obtain the initial ability of students in the argumentation was drawn from written tests consisted of 2 questions that referred to the argumentation aspect indicator. Data analysis was done in a descriptive manner. This study involved all XII grade students of Mathematic-Science (MIA) program at one school in the Surakarta area. The results showed that students’ argumentation skills were still dominated in giving claims and reasons only, while students were still lacking in providing evidence and rebuttal. From this study, it was seen that students had difficulty in developing scientific argumentation skills because they experienced confusion in determining argumentation content. Thus, students needed teacher guidance in the process of arguing. Students’ argumentation skills were still lacking in training. Therefore, students needed to be empowered again.
Dynamics of Temperature and Concentration on Oxidation Reaction Using Reverse Flow Reactor With Periodic Feed Gas Like Square Wave Function: a Numerical Approach
Authors: Nuryaman A , Riyanto R , Saidi S
Published: October 2019

Dynamics of oxidation reaction using reverse flow reactor (RFR) are given by a set of convection - diffusion equations that containing the non-linear term corresponding to the reaction rate and provided with certain initial and boundary conditions. In this paper, we investigate the dynamic profiles of temperature and feed concentration on oxidation process using numerical simulation approach. Here we assume the process satisfies 1-D pseudo-homogeneous model and the feed gas form is square wave function. Several different operation parameters have simulated to see the influence towards temperature and feed concentration profile. The results show that period function, small switching time, medium gas velocity and small specific reactor wall surface will make the reactor operated longer.
Structural Equation Modeling Technique for Social Application of Information Technology User Requirements’ Identification
Authors: Jambakr M I , Yuzaherdi A F , Jauhari J , Putra A , Efendi R
Published: October 2019

One of the essential phases in software development processes is user requirements identification, commonly using qualitative methods. The Social Application of Information Technology is an implementation of information technology in social related aspects, such as Knowledge Sharing System. In the Social Application of Information Technology, besides elements of functionality but also the accuracy and representativeness of the users’ needs and requirements are important factors. In this study, a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling technique was utilized rather than commonly using qualitative methods, in identifying the users’ requirements in the software development of Knowledge Sharing System. Theory of Planned Behavior was used as basic theory. Data collected using questioners, and the sample distribution planned with 95% level of confidence. Samples selected randomly totaled 82 people from members of the AISEC, Sriwijaya University, Palembang. By counting all hypotheses those were related to the basic theory, results shown that the quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling technique can be used to identify user needs in an effective, accurate, and precise significant representativeness.
Developing Competences of English Teachers in Secondary STEM Education Schools Track in Thailand
Authors: Sukkasame Nujaree , Buanil Watcharaporn , Udomsiang Prapaporn , Marwiang Metta
Published: October 2019

The purposes of this study are to investigate the competences of English teachers in Thailand and propose the teaching competence enhancement approach to meet the needs of 21st century English teachers for STEM track school. The documentary study was used as methodology in this study. The findings of this study demonstrated that the activity-based teaching allows students to practice communication skills effectively. Furthermore, English teacher’s competences to develop students’ English learning can be implemented by using five-step communicative teaching approach, including warm up, presentation, practice, production, and wrap up.
Trends and Research Issues of STEM Education: A Review of Academic Publications from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Chomphuphra Paranee , Chaipidech Pawat , Yuenyong Chokchai
Published: October 2019

STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic) research has been become more attractive area in science education for a decade. This study was aim to analyze research articles in a SCOPUS database and two journals which were not indexed in SCOPUS including Journal of STEM Teacher Education, and International Journal of STEM Education. The research articles during 2007 to 2017 were reviewed and analyzed according to the authors’ nationality, journals, STEM research topics. The research findings indicated that there were 56 published papers related to providing STEM learning activities in school setting, top three countries which published STEM papers over the decades were United States (46), Australia (2), Canada (2). Besides, the journal with the greatest number of published papers was Journal of STEM Teacher Education, with a total of 16 papers, and the second is International Journal of STEM education. The three popular topics which published in STEM papers were innovation for STEM learning, professional development and gender gap and Career in STEM, respectively.
Investigate Grade 7 Students’ Knowledge Construction About Diffusion and Osmosis
Authors: Pondee Phattaraporn , Yuenyong Chokchai
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to investigate the students’ constructing scientific knowledge about diffusion and osmosis with analogy approach. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling method including 30 Grade 7 students in Yasothonpittayakom School, Muang District, Yasothon Province, Thailand, in second semester of 2014 academic year. Gathering data by semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaire. The data analyses were qualitative analytical techniques. The results of study revealed that almost students held the concept of dissolve to mention diffusion and held the concept of the particulate and the movement of particulate. Their explanations of diffusion and osmosis mentioned various phenomena.
Exploration of Students’ Metacognitive Experience in Physics Classroom
Authors: Pimvichai Jirutthitikan , Sanium Soonthareeya , Buaraphan Khajornsak
Published: October 2019

Metacognition has been accepted as one desirable attribute for learners in the 21st century. There are a number of researech studies related to how to promote metacognition in school students. This study aimed to explore students’ metacognitive expereince in one physics classroom in the equilibrium of moments topic. The research participants were 35 Grade 9 students from one secondary school located at Nakhon Ratchasima province in the northeastern region of Thailand. After learning physics, the participating students were asked to respond to the Metacognitive Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). The studnets’ metacognitive experience was analyzed for mean and standard deviation. The finding revealed that the students derived the neutral to frequently levels of expereience in metacotnition in the physics classroom. This finding suggests to add more metacognitive expereience for Grade 9 students.
The Participatory Characterization Based on STEM Education in the Restricted Area for Fishing at Tha Song Korn Temple in Khon Kaen Province
Authors: Sarakran Prakrupariyat
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate the participatory characterization based on STEM Education in the restricted area for fishing in front of the temple on the banks of Tha Song Korn River. The qualitative research methodology was used in this study. Data were collected by using field study methods along with in-depth interview and observation. Data were analyzed by using documentary analysis by using triangulation techniques. The results showed that the participatory characterization in the conservation area for fishing in front of the temple on the banks of Tha Song Korn River developed due to the collaboration of local government agencies, community, and villagers. It was found that the temple helped improve the water pollution in front of the temple by promoting the collaboration of all the stakeholders based on STEM Education in four steps; planning, implementation, taking benefits, and evaluation. The abbots and monks transferred the knowledge of water conservation to villagers along with the assistance of government agencies and the governors in the community, the surrounding area can be developed to be tourist attraction of the public. This holistic method derived from combining knowledge of science, mathematics, technology and engineering design based on STEM education leads to sustain management in the community.
Levels of Discourse in Mathematics Classroom using Lesson Study and Open Approach
Authors: Raethong Korkiat , Thinwiangthong S
Published: October 2019

Start your abstract here… This research aimed to analyze levels of discourse in mathematics classroom using lesson study and open approach. It use of qualitative research methodology by focusing on protocol analysis and analytical description. Target group was a mathematics teacher and 30 seventh grade students in 2nd semester of school year 2017 at Kaeng-Khro Wittaya School, Chaiyaphum. The research instruments were consisted of lesson plan, field note, students’ writing work, video recorder and camera recorder. The collected data was analyzed by 4 steps of open approach [7]. and levels of discourse [19]. Research result found that levels of discourse in mathematics classroom represented as following details: 1) Posing open-ended problem, it was found 4 levels of discourse. In early class of learning unit, it was found the level of 0-1 which the teacher had posed open-ended problem before explained the problem with asking some short question to the students for checking their understanding whereas in latter class of learning unit, it was found the level of 2-3 which the teacher had posed open-ended problem then the student questioned and discussed the problem together; 2) Students’ self learning, it was discovered 2 levels of discourse which were the level of 2-3. In this discourse, students had questioned and explained about problem solving methods and the teacher had asked the students to clearly describe their problem solving methods together; 3) Whole class discussion and comparison, it was found 2 levels of discourse which were the levels of 2-3. In this discourse, students demonstrated and expressed their own problem solving ideas and other students questioned about their own doubt about each ideas in classroom. The teacher ordered the students’ ideas presentation; 4) Summarization through connecting students’ mathematical ideas emerged in the classroom; it was showed 2 levels of discourse which this learning unit was found the levels of 2-3. In this discourse, teacher encouraged the students to confirm the ideas obtained from listening to reasons of each idea together for discussion and summarization in classroom.
Developing a risk based engineering manager competency standard for oil and gas EPC project in Indonesia
Authors: Tarihoran A D B , Latief Y
Published: October 2019

One key to a project’s success other than the competence of the Project Manager is the competence of the project team personnel. Many problems occur that affecting the success of the Oil and Gas EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) project such as project schedule delayed, cost overruns, poor quality project performance to a life-threatening safety problem caused by incompetent personnel. The goal of this paper is to develop competency standard for Engineering Manager as one of the key personnel in the EPC project in the oil and gas industry. The competency standard will be developed based on literature study and data from several project execution plans in Indonesia which are validated by experts. Furthermore, risk analysis will be conducted by survey to get major risk that may be faced by an Engineering Manager which affecting time, cost, quality and safety to the project. As a result, risk based standard competency for engineering manager is expected to be produced.
The effect of orange water of lemon (Citrus Limon (L.) Osbeck) as a larvasid of Aedes Aegypti in third instar
Authors: Supenah P , Taiman T , Sas O A
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this study was to determine the effect of lemon juice (Citrus Limon (L.) Osbeck) as larvae of Aedes aegypti in third instar, and to determine the difference in mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae in third instar by giving different concentration of lemon juice (Citrus Limon (L.) Osbeck). This study is belonging to experimental research. The sample in this study was lemon juice with 5 times treatment, namely concentration 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% which calculated with the replication formula. According to the finding of the research shows that in the of 10% concentration was effective in killing all Aedes aegypti larvae due to the average larval mortality of 100%, and the 15%, 20%, and 25% concentration of obtained larval mortality results of 100%. The data analyzed by using One Way ANOVA showed that probability/sig value was <0.05, therefore, H0 is rejected, while the result of f count 103,143> f table. 2.866 was obtained. Result f count> f table then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there was an effect of lemon juice (Citrus Limon (L.) Osbeck) as larvae of Aedes aegypti in third instar.
Characteristics of chicken nuggets with breadfruit substitution
Authors: Hafid H , Nuraini N , Agustina D , Fitrianingsih F , Inderawati I , Ananda S H , Nurhidayati F
Published: October 2019

This study was designed for to produce cheaper chicken nugget with high quality. Also it arranged base on randomized complete with 9 treatments, there are P1 as control 100% tapioca flour, P2 substituted 15% breadfruit flour and 85% tapioca flour, P3 substituted 25% breadfruit flour and 75% tapioca flour, P4 substituted 35% breadfruit flour and tapioca 65%, P5 substituting 50% breadfruit flour and 50% tapioca, P6 substituting 65% breadfruit and 35% tapioca, P7 substituting 75% breadfruit flour and 25% tapioca, P8 substituting 85% breadfruit flour and 15% tapioca and P9 substituting 100% breadfruit flour and 0% tapioca. The result showed significantly nugget with breadfruit 35% (p4) to 100% (p9) has pH lower than without breadfruit flour (p1). cooking loos in nugget with breadfruit flour didn’t same from all treatments. Nugget yield with breadfruit flour as substitution 50% (p5) to 100% (p9) significantly different (p< 0.05) with nugget without breadfruit flour (p1). Nugget yield which reached in this study ranged between 119,2-125. So that, the optimal composition was nugget with substitution 50% breadfruit flour and 50% tapioca with pH 6,05, cooking loos 5% and yield 120%.
Analysis of energy losses in smooth pipes
Authors: Sunaris M L , Muljono Y , Telaumbanua C K , Tallar R Y
Published: October 2019

Pipe is a closed conduit, usually of circular section, which is used for carrying fluids under pressure. The pipe running partially full, in such a case atmospheric pressure exists inside the pipe, also behaves like an open channel. In general, energy or head losses on pipe consisted of major energy losses due to friction and minor energy losses due to sudden enlargement of pipe, sudden contraction of pipe, bend in pipe, an obstruction in pipe, pipe fittings etc. The main purpose from this research is to analyse energy losses in smooth pipes. There are several steps in analysing such as calculating Reynolds Number (Re) in order to determine flow type, calculating friction factor by using several formulas, and calculating roughness value (k) on smooth pipe with different various scenarios. The experimental study was performed at Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Laboratory to process the analysis. The results indicated that the flow type is turbulent when Reynolds Number (Re) is more than 4000. The turbulent flow is characterized by random and irregular movement of fluid particles. The other result also shown that roughness value (k) in smooth pipe is inverse proportion to Reynolds Number.
Digital module and treffinger model: can improve mathematics ability
Authors: Ferdianto F , Alfiani N
Published: October 2019

The aims of this paper are developed teaching materials of digital modules with Treffinger models on the material to construct curved geometry, to find out increase before and after using digital modules. The research model used is ADDIE development research (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The instruments use in this research is tests of mathematical comprehension ability, interview sheets, and digital module validation sheets. Learning media developed digital modules assisted by 3D software Pageflip Professional 1.7.1. The results obtained from the study were validation by mathematics lecturers and teachers at 84.7% while the results of ICT teacher validation are 85%, with each validation criterion quite valid, which can be tested according to the validator’s suggestion. After being implemented, students’ mathematical understanding ability has increased with a high interpretation of 0.72.
Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece
Authors: Knitter Daniel , Günther Gerrit , Hamer Wolfgang Berengar , Keßler Torben , Seguin Joana , Unkel Ingmar , Weiberg Erika , Duttmann Rainer , Nakoinz Oliver
Published: October 2019

In this study, we present a modeling approach that investigates how much cultivable land was required to supply a society and whether societies were in need when environmental conditions deteriorated. The approach is implemented for the North-Eastern Peloponnese and is based upon the location of Late Helladic IIIB (1300–1200 BCE) archaeological sites, an assessment of their sizes, and a proposed diet of the people. Based on these information, the areal requirement of each site is calculated and mapped. The results show that large sites do not have sufficient space in their surroundings in order to supply themselves with the required food resources and thus they depended on supplies from the hinterland. Dry climatic conditions aggravate the situation. This indicates that potential societal crisis are less a factor of changing environmental conditions or a shortage of arable land but primarily caused by socio-economic factors.
Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Fermented Cheese Whey Beverages With Soymilk Powder Addition
Authors: Chairunnisa H , Balia R L , Wulandari Eka
Published: October 2019

This research was aimed to determine the chemical and microbiological characteristics of fermented cheese whey beverages which was made with soymilk powder addition. The research was done experimentally using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), three treatments and replicated six times. Parameters taken were total plate count, pH, lactic acid content, lactose content and viscosity. The impact of the treatments significance was determined by ANOVA and the difference between treatments was determined by Tukey test. The best soymilk powder addition that produced desirable fermented cheese whey beverages properties was 12.5 % with properties as follows : the total plate count of 175 x 109 colonies/g and pH of 3; Lactic acid content of 0.675 %; Lactose content of 7.2623 %; and Viscosity of 24 823.33 cP.
A Study of Bread Yeast and Sucrose to the Successful Process of Cocoa Beans Fermentation
Authors: Sahannur S T
Published: October 2019

This research aims to know the effect of the concentration of sucrose and bread yeast to the successful process of cocoa beans fermentation. The research was conducted in the form of Completely Random Design of Factorial Pattern, two Factors. The first factor is sucrose consisted of 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3% sucrose. The second factor was the bread yeast consists of two (2) concentrations: 0,5% and 1 %, and each repeated twice to obtain 16 experimental units. The observed parameters were fermentation index, slaty beans and the pH of cocoa beans. The result of the research showed that there was an interaction between sucrose and bread yeast in the successful process of cocoa beans fermentation in small scale. The treatment without sucrose and adding 1% of bread yeast had a better effect to the fermentations index value of 1,72; salty beans were 1,56 and pH beans was 5,30.
1-Methylcyclopropene as an Effective Ethylene Inhibitor to Extend Musa acuminata Colla ‘Muli’ Postharvest Quality
Authors: Mubarok S , Suwali N , Suminar E , Kamaluddin NN
Published: October 2019

Musa acuminata Colla ‘Muli’ is one of the most popular banana variety in Indonesia. As a commodity that is consumed fresh, is important to regulate the ethylene production of climacteric fruit in order to extend the shelf life and reduce deterioration. 1-MCP (1-Methylcycloprophene) is a potential chemical that can effectively regulate ethylene production in Muli bananas. In this study, 1-MCP in different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 µL L-1) were applied at two maturation stages to observe the effects. Lower 1-MCP concentration was effective in delaying fruit ripening on mature green stage shown by fruit firmness maintenance and improved shelf life up to 4.5 days longer than control. The application of 1-MCP was effective in delaying fruit ripening if applied prior to climacteric stage.
Financial access of farmers and factors associated with the access: empirical evidence of banana farms in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari E , Ernah  , Supyandi D
Published: October 2019

Access to finance has an important role in managing agriculture. Farmers in Indonesia can access finance from different sources of finance such as from banks, micro finance institutions, government through farmers’ associations, buyer/traders, agricultural input kiosks, and from other sources of finance including family and friends. The objective of this research was to analyse the financial access of farmers and factors associated with the access. A survey was conducted to collect data especially from one hundred banana farmers in the centre of banana production in West Java, i.e. Cianjur and Ciamis District. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results show that the majority of farmers had access to finance from government distributed through farmers’ association, and from family and friends. Furthermore, the results show that factors associated with the financial access of farmers differ among the sources of finance. Age and farming experience have statistically significant association with the access to finance from bank. Moreover, education and farm size significantly associate with the access to finance from buyer/trader.
Genetic Parameter Contributing to Lodging Resistance of F2 Population in Red Rice
Authors: Mustikarini E D , Prayoga G I , Santi R , Nurqirani Z , Saragi H
Published: October 2019

The effectiveness and successful of selection depend on the value of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance estimation. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of genetic parameters (variability, heritability and genetic advance) of F2 lines derived from crossing of mutant red rice, local accession of red rice, and commercial upland rice varieties. This research used single plant design. The rice materials used in this research was the F2 seeds derived from hibridization between MR1512 X Inpago 8, MR1512 X Banyuasin, Inpago 8 X Balok, Balok X Banyuasin and Balok X Inpago 8. Selection intensity used is 10%. The filled grains and grain weight have a wide phenotypic variability, whereas the plant height and the productive tiller numbers have wide genotypic variability. The high heritability value was found in the plant height, flowering time, and harvest time. The high genetic advance was found in plant height, productive tillers number, flowering time, and harvest time. In the present work, it has been shown that the plant height, productive tiller numbers, flowering time, and harvest time are the important traits for use in rice lodging tolerance breeding program.
Thermodynamic analysis of a Na-O-H thermochemical cycle coupled to a Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR)
Authors: Marques J G de O , Costa A L , Pereira C
Published: October 2019

Hydrogen (H2) is considered a clean fuel because its combustion releases heat, water and near-zero carbon emissions. This substance can be produced through many routes, including thermochemical cycles in which water molecules are splited into oxygen and hydrogen through specific chemical reactions supported by an appropriate heat source at specific temperature conditions. There are a wide variety of thermochemical cycles under development, many of them require temperatures higher than 1000°C while others, like the cycles U-Eu-Br, Mg-Cl and Cu-Cl can operate below 550°C. The reduction in the temperature levels of a thermochemical process allows the use of various energy options, facilitating H2 production. So, the main aim of the paper is to analyze hydrogen production according to the Na-O-H thermochemical process whose required heat is supplied by a Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR), a nuclear power plant (NPP) with low cost and low carbon emissions. The Na-O-H is a fresh chemical process that can operates at temperatures close to 400°C. The system will be studied in the software Engineering Equation Solver (EES) according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The results indicate that such system can produce around 3.654 kg/s of H2 considering a mass flow rate of 500 kg/s of helium coolant at 850°C coming from GT-MHR.
Decision support system for integrated management of hydro-thermal-wind-solar hybrid energy system
Authors: Shen J J , Li X F , Wu Y , Zhou B B
Published: October 2019

A decision support system is presented for integrated management of hydro-thermal-wind-solar hybrid energy system. Three main modules are included, data management module, operation conditions and constraints input module, and generation schedule optimization module. The DSS is designed based on an advanced technical framework and implemented using Java program-. Many user-friendly interfaces are available to enhance the usability and flexibility of all modules. Since 2016, the DSS has been used to make everyday quarter-hourly generation schedules of 170 hydropower plants, 150 wind plants, 80 solar plants, and 11 thermal plants operated by the dispatching center of Yunnan Power Grid. More than 1000 operational schemes have been carried out by all power plants.
Research on the relationship between environmental contamination level and economic development standard—Based on the perspective of law and economics
Authors: Fa L N
Published: October 2019

Carbon emissions and fossil fuel are two causes of environmental pollution. Based on China’ s carbon emissions according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China from 1990 to 2014 and GDP data analysis using multiple linear regression methods in economics. Excessive emissions of carbon can be an obstacle to impede the economic development. Therefore, the countries should protect the environment to sustain long-term economic growth.
Exploration on the perfection of regional environmental legal system and revelation on energy collaboration
Authors: Sheng Y Y
Published: October 2019

This article takes the law economics angle as the starting point, puts forward the suggestion for the improvement of the regional environmental law system. Some suggestions are put forward, such as reforming the punishment mechanism from the angle of law and economy, improving the national awareness of environmental protection and promoting the internationalization of the mechanism of environmental protection. To promote the energy cooperation under the background of Belt and Road Initiative, in view of its great importance to China, by perfecting the environmental legal system and constructing the green energy system to protect the green energy system.
Discussion on the technical route of water pollution prevention and comprehensive utilization in thermal power plant
Authors: You L Z , Han Q Q , Yin J Y , Zhu Y
Published: October 2019

91 Thermal Power Plants have investigated and the problems in water management work have analyzed in this paper, combined with the policy situation. The technical route is divided in two steps. The first step for the whole plant water quality optimization, and processing, recycling use of water resources is achieved step, realize high salt wastewater minimization; The second step for the comprehensive management of waste transformation, unable to return to the high salinity wastewater, unified with the consumption and discharged into the wastewater comprehensive treatment system, through the pretreatment of softening, concentration reduction, evaporation desalting and solid waste disposal, wastewater recycling to achieve. It provides a reference for thermal power plants to explore the prevention and control of water pollution and comprehensive utilization.
Design of users’ electricity purchase packages for electricity sales companies in the electricity market
Authors: Wu S Q , Jiang Y Z , Jing Z X , Chen Z Y
Published: October 2019

As the rapid development of the power industry, the analysis and forecasting of large power companies in the power market is very important. It not only makes the distribution and operation of power more reasonable, but also greatly enhances the rationality of customer power consumption. Predictive analysis with power customers is critical. Based on the service side, the electricity consumption of enterprises in Guangdong Province was selected as the training sample, and the BP neural network-based prediction algorithm was selected to study and construct the enterprise electricity package model. The effective data of 695 enterprise electricity consumption was used for training and verification. Achieve accurate package design for enterprises with different power consumption.
Research on LCL filter considering grid impedance
Authors: Wu L F , Zhang C Z
Published: October 2019

Due to the large amount of access to distributed energy, the grid usually exhibits weak grid characteristics, which puts higher demands on the inverter. The use of LCL filters in photovoltaic grid-connected systems is beneficial to suppress high-frequency switching harmonic currents from entering the grid. However, the LCL filter increases the system order and the system stability is also affected by the grid impedance. In this paper, the non-isolated PV grid-connected inverter based on LCL filtering is studied, and the effects of grid impedance on system stability, LCL filter harmonic suppression and LCL filter parameter optimization design are studied. The influence of grid impedance on system stability is analyzed in detail. The simulation results verify the correctness of the research.
Steady-state output characteristics of a three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter with dead time
Authors: Li J W , Zhang J
Published: October 2019

This paper introduces a transformer-coupled three-port three-bridge half-bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter with dead time phase shift control. The converter consists of a high-frequency three-winding transformer and three independent half-bridge circuits. The half bridge is coupled through a transformer to provide galvanic isolation for all power ports. The converter uses phase shift control to achieve energy flow control through pulse width modulation (PWM). By controlling the gate pulse by PWM, the control of the dead time is realized, and the dead time can effectively suppress the straight-through phenomenon of the switch in the multi-port system, which can reduce power consumption and protect the power device. Through mathematical derivation, a detailed theoretical analysis of the three-port steady-state output characteristics with dead time is carried out. A typical application of the proposed converter is an electric vehicle auxiliary power supply system with a photovoltaic cell/auxiliary battery/power battery. The effectiveness of the proposed converter was verified by MATLAB simulation software.
An inconvenient truth: the complexity problem and limits to justice
Authors: Risse Jörg
Published: October 2019

For years, the arbitration scene had to fight for lucrative, large-scale proceedings, which is no longer an issue today: arbitration as such has found its place in the legal landscape and has established itself as the means of choice. With the increasing complexity of the disputes and the high sums of money involved, however, the volume of the written submissions and the number of exhibits have exploded, sometimes to a previously unimaginable level. Tasked with reading 10,000 pages of submissions plus reviewing thousands of exhibits, arbitral tribunals are pushed to their limits. Sometimes, proper adjudication of these super fact-rich and complex cases becomes virtually and physically impossible. The article describes the problem and reviews what can be done to cope with this inconvenient truth.
Discharge Delays and Costs Associated With Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy for High-Priced Antibiotics
Authors: Bianchini Monica L , Kenney Rachel M , Lentz Robyn , Zervos Marcus , Malhotra Manu , Davis Susan L
Published: October 2019

Background

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a widely used, safe, and cost-effective treatment. Most public and private insurance providers require prior authorization (PA) for OPAT, yet the impact of the inpatient PA process is not known. Our aim was to characterize discharge barriers and PA delays associated with high-priced OPAT antibiotics.

Methods

This was an institutional review board–approved study of adult patients discharged with daptomycin, ceftaroline, ertapenem, and novel beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations from January 2017 to December 2017. Patients with an OPAT PA delay were compared with patients without a delay. The primary endpoint was total direct hospital costs from the start of treatment.

Results

Two-hundred patients were included: 141 (71%) no OPAT delay vs 59 (30%) OPAT delay. More patients with a PA delay were discharged to a subacute care facility compared with an outpatient setting: 37 (63%) vs 52 (37%), P = .001. Discharge delays and median total direct hospital costs were higher for patients with OPAT delays: 31 (53%) vs 21 (15%), P < .001 and $19 576 (interquartile range [IQR], 10 056–37 038) vs $7770 (IQR, 3031–13 974), P < .001. In multiple variable regression, discharge to a subacute care facility was associated with an increased odds of discharge delay, age >64 years was associated with a decreased odds of discharge delay.

Conclusions

OPAT with high-priced antibiotics requires significant care coordination. PA delays are common and contribute to discharge delays. OPAT transitions of care represent an opportunity to improve patient care and address access barriers.