bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of Rhode Island
Authors: Schap David , Shapiro Steven J. , Street Caitlin
Published: December 2016

This article presents the legal framework for the assessment of economic damages in the state of Rhode Island. Special attention is given to the statutes and case law that govern the estimation of damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions, including medical malpractice. An overview of the role of the damages expert is included.
(In)viabilidade do princípio da afetividade
Authors: De Oliveira Neto Jose Weidson , Pereira Junior Antonio Jorge
Published: December 2016

O artigo trata da viabilidade do princípio da afetividade como é entendido por parte da doutrina e aplicada por parte do Poder Judiciário e propõe uma nova reconfiguração como princípio da solidariedade familiar. A partir de elementos da ciência hermenêutica, como princípios e regras, analisa a adequação e a configuração do chamado "princípio da afetividade" no Direito de Família. Sustenta uma forma mais adequada para aplicá-lo, em conformidade com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Apresenta breve revisão sobre regras e princípios, nomeadamente nas teorias de Dworkin e Alexy, sob as críticas de Humberto Ávila e Lenio Streck. Sugere a aplicação do princípio, reconfigurado, e enfatiza a importância do respeito dos limites textuais, normas e padrões de referência. Como critérios metodológicos, a pesquisa foi baseada em bibliografia especializada e na jurisprudência dos Tribunais.
Adult reading teachers’ beliefs about how less-skilled adult readers can be taught to read.
Authors: McHardy Janet , Chapman Elaine
Published: December 2016

Despite large-scale interventions, significant numbers of adults worldwide continue to have problems with basic literacy, in particular in the area of reading. To be effective, adult reading teachers need expert knowledge at practitioner level. However, practices in adult reading education vary widely, often reflecting the individual beliefs of each teacher about how an adult can learn to read. In this study, phenomenographic analysis was used to identify categories of approaches to teaching adult reading, used by a group of 60 teachers in Western Australia and New Zealand. Four approaches were identified: reassurance, task-based, theory-based and responsive. It is argued that for teachers to become effective and consistent in responding to learner needs, they must understand their own beliefs and the consequences of these. The identification of different approaches in adult reading education is an important step in this process.
Investigating the impact of regional transport on PM2.5 formation using vertical observation during APEC 2014 Summit in Beijing
Authors: Hua Yang , Wang Shuxiao , Wang Jiandong , Jiang Jingkun , Zhang Tianshu , Song Yu , Kang Ling , Zhou Wei , Cai Runlong , Wu Di , Fan Siwei , Wang Tong , Tang Xiaoqing , Wei Qiang , Sun Feng , Xiao Zhimei
Published: December 2016

Abstract. During the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Economic Leaders' 2014 Summit in Beijing, strict regional air emission controls were implemented, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the transport and formation mechanism of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study explores the use of vertical observation methods to investigate the influence of regional transport on PM2.5 pollution in Beijing before and during the APEC Summit. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, wind, temperature and relative humidity were monitored at a rural site on the border of Beijing and Hebei Province. Three PM2.5 pollution episodes were analyzed. In episode 1 (27 October to 1 November), regional transport accompanied by the accumulation of pollutants under unfavorable meteorological conditions led to the pollution. In episode 2 (2–5 November), pollutants left from episode 1 were retained in the boundary layer of the region for 2 days and then settled down to the surface, leading to an explosive increase of PM2.5. The regional transport of aged aerosols played a crucial role in the heavy PM2.5 pollution. In episode 3 (6–11 November), emissions from large point sources had been controlled for several days while primary emissions from diesel vehicles might have led to the pollution. It is found that ground-level observation of meteorological conditions and air quality could not fully explain the pollution process, while vertical parameters (aerosol optical properties, winds, relative humidity and temperature) improved the understanding of regional transport influence on heavy pollution processes. Future studies may consider including vertical observations to aid investigation of pollutant transport, especially during episodic events of rapidly increasing concentrations.
Surface renewal as a significant mechanism for dust emission
Authors: Zhang Jie , Teng Zhenjiao , Huang Ning , Guo Lei , Shao Yaping
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Wind tunnel experiments of dust emissions from different soil surfaces are carried out to better understand dust emission mechanisms. The effects of surface renewal on aerodynamic entrainment and saltation bombardment are analyzed in detail. It is found that flow conditions, surface particle motions (saltation and creep), soil dust content and ground obstacles all strongly affect dust emission, causing its rate to vary over orders of magnitude. Aerodynamic entrainment is highly effective, if dust supply is unlimited, as in the first 2–3 min of our wind tunnel runs. While aerodynamic entrainment is suppressed by dust supply limits, surface renewal through the motion of surface particles appears to be an effective pathway to remove the supply limit. Surface renewal is also found to be important to the efficiency of saltation bombardment. We demonstrate that surface renewal is a significant mechanism affecting dust emission and recommend that this mechanism be included in future dust models.
Ozone and haze pollution weakens net primary productivity in China
Authors: Yue Xu , Unger Nadine , Harper Kandice , Xia Xiangao , Liao Hong , Zhu Tong , Xiao Jingfeng , Feng Zhaozhong , Li Jing
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric pollutants have both beneficial and detrimental effects on carbon uptake by land ecosystems. Surface ozone damages leaf photosynthesis by oxidizing plant cells, while aerosols promote carbon uptake by increasing diffuse radiation and exert additional influences through concomitant perturbations to meteorology and hydrology. China is currently the world's largest emitter of both carbon dioxide and short-lived air pollutants. The land ecosystems of China are estimated to provide a carbon sink, but it remains unclear whether air pollution acts to inhibit or promote carbon uptake. Here, we employ Earth system modeling and multiple measurement datasets to assess the separate and combined effects of anthropogenic ozone and aerosol pollution on net primary productivity (NPP) in China. In the present day, air pollution reduces annual NPP by 0.4 Pg C (9 %), resulting from a decrease of 0.6 Pg C (14 %) by ozone damage, and an increase of 0.2 Pg C (5 %) by aerosol direct effects. The enhancement by aerosols is a combination of diffuse radiation fertilization, reduced canopy temperatures, and reduced evaporation leading to higher soil moisture. However, precipitation inhibition from combined aerosol direct and indirect effects reduces annual NPP by 0.2 Pg C (4 %), leading to a net air pollution suppression of 0.8 Pg C (16 %). Our results reveal strong dampening effects of air pollution on the land carbon uptake in China today. Following the current legislation emission scenario, this suppression will not alleviate by the year 2030, mainly due to a continuing increase in surface ozone. However, the maximum technically feasible reduction scenario could drastically relieve the current level of NPP damage by 70 % in 2030, offering protection of this critical ecosystem service and the mitigation of long-term global warming.
Quantifying alkane emissions in the Eagle Ford Shale using
boundary layer enhancement
Authors: Roest Geoffrey , Schade Gunnar
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The Eagle Ford Shale in southern Texas is home to a booming unconventional oil and gas industry, the climate and air quality impacts of which remain poorly quantified due to uncertain emissions estimates. We used the atmospheric enhancement of alkanes from Texas Commission on Environmental Quality volatile organic compound monitors across the shale, in combination with back trajectory and dispersion modeling, to quantify C2–C4 alkane emissions for a region in southern Texas, including the core of the Eagle Ford, for a set of 68 days from July 2013 to December 2015. Emissions were partitioned into raw natural gas and liquid storage tank sources using gas and headspace composition data, respectively, and observed enhancement ratios. We also estimate methane emissions based on typical ethane-to-methane ratios in gaseous emissions. The median emission rate from raw natural gas sources in the shale, calculated as a percentage of the total produced natural gas in the upwind region, was 0.8 % with an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.5 %–1.4 %, close to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) current estimates. However, storage tanks contributed 24 % of methane emissions, 54 % of ethane, 82% percent of propane, 90 % of n-Butane, and 83 % of isobutane emissions. The inclusion of liquid storage tank emissions results in an emission rate of 2.2 % (IQR of 0.9 4.9 %) relative to produced natural gas, exceeding the EPA estimate by a factor of two. We conclude that leaks from liquid storage tanks are likely a major source for the observed non-methane hydrocarbon enhancements in the northern hemisphere.
The AOTF-based NO2 camera
Authors: Dekemper Emmanuel , Vanhamel Jurgen , Van Opstal Bert , Fussen Didier
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The abundance of NO2 in the boundary layer relates to air quality and pollution source monitoring. Observing the spatiotemporal distribution of NO2 above well-delimited (flue gas stacks, volcanoes, ships) or more extended sources (cities) allows for applications such as monitoring emission fluxes or studying the plume dynamic chemistry and its transport. So far, most attempts to map the NO2 field from the ground have been made with visible-light scanning grating spectrometers. Benefiting from a high retrieval accuracy, they only achieve a relatively low spatiotemporal resolution that hampers the detection of dynamic features. We present a new type of passive remote sensing instrument aiming at the measurement of the 2-D distributions of NO2 slant column densities (SCDs) with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The measurement principle has strong similarities with the popular filter-based SO2 camera as it relies on spectral images taken at wavelengths where the molecule absorption cross section is different. Contrary to the SO2 camera, the spectral selection is performed by an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) capable of resolving the target molecule's spectral features. The NO2 camera capabilities are demonstrated by imaging the NO2 abundance in the plume of a coal-fired power plant. During this experiment, the 2-D distribution of the NO2 SCD was retrieved with a temporal resolution of 3 min and a spatial sampling of 50 cm (over a 250 × 250 m2 area). The detection limit was close to 5 × 1016 molecules cm−2, with a maximum detected SCD of 4 × 1017 molecules cm−2. Illustrating the added value of the NO2 camera measurements, the data reveal the dynamics of the NO to NO2 conversion in the early plume with an unprecedent resolution: from its release in the air, and for 100 m upwards, the observed NO2 plume concentration increased at a rate of 0.75–1.25 g s−1. In joint campaigns with SO2 cameras, the NO2 camera could also help in removing the bias introduced by the NO2 interference with the SO2 spectrum.
Evaluating the influence of laser wavelength and detection stage geometry on optical detection efficiency in a single-particle mass spectrometer
Authors: Marsden Nicholas , Flynn Michael J. , Taylor Jonathan W. , Allan James D. , Coe Hugh
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is a useful tool for the online study of aerosols with the ability to measure size-resolved chemical composition with a temporal resolution relevant to atmospheric processes. In SPMS, optical particle detection is used for the effective temporal alignment of an ablation laser pulse with the presence of a particle in the ion source, and it gives the option of aerodynamic sizing by measuring the offset of particle arrival times between two detection stages. The efficiency of the optical detection stage has a strong influence on the overall instrument performance. A custom detection laser system consisting of a high-powered fibre-coupled Nd:YAG solid-state laser with a collimated beam was implemented in the detection stage of a laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight (LAAP-TOF) single-particle mass spectrometer without major modifications to instrument geometry. The use of a collimated laser beam permitted the construction of a numerical model that predicts the effects of detection laser wavelength, output power, beam focussing characteristics, light collection angle, particle size, and refractive index on the effective detection radius (R) of the detection laser beam. We compare the model predictions with an ambient data set acquired during the Ice in Clouds Experiment – Dust (ICE-D) project. The new laser system resulted in an order-of-magnitude improvement in instrument sensitivity to spherical particles in the size range 500–800 nm compared to a focussed 405 nm laser diode system. The model demonstrates that the limit of detection in terms of particle size is determined by the scattering cross section (Csca) as predicted by Mie theory. In addition, if light is collected over a narrow collection angle, oscillations in the magnitude of Csca with respect to particle diameter result in a variation in R, resulting in large particle-size-dependent variation in detection efficiency across the particle transmission range. This detection bias is imposed on the aerodynamic size distributions measured by the instrument and accounts for some of the detection bias towards sea salt particles in the ambient data set.
How many measurements are needed to estimate accurate daily and annual soil respiration fluxes? Analysis using data from a temperate rainforest
Authors: Perez-Quezada Jorge F. , Brito Carla E. , Cabezas Julián , Galleguillos Mauricio , Fuentes Juan P. , Bown Horacio E. , Franck Nicolás
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Making accurate estimations of daily and annual Rs fluxes is key for understanding the carbon cycle process and projecting effects of climate change. In this study we used high-frequency sampling (24 measurements per day) of Rs in a temperate rainforest during 1 year, with the objective of answering the questions of when and how often measurements should be made to obtain accurate estimations of daily and annual Rs. We randomly selected data to simulate samplings of 1, 2, 4 or 6 measurements per day (distributed either during the whole day or only during daytime), combined with 4, 6, 12, 26 or 52 measurements per year. Based on the comparison of partial-data series with the full-data series, we estimated the performance of different partial sampling strategies based on bias, precision and accuracy. In the case of annual Rs estimation, we compared the performance of interpolation vs. using non-linear modelling based on soil temperature. The results show that, under our study conditions, sampling twice a day was enough to accurately estimate daily Rs (RMSE  <  10 % of average daily flux), even if both measurements were done during daytime. The highest reduction in RMSE for the estimation of annual Rs was achieved when increasing from four to six measurements per year, but reductions were still relevant when further increasing the frequency of sampling. We found that increasing the number of field campaigns was more effective than increasing the number of measurements per day, provided a minimum of two measurements per day was used. Including night-time measurements significantly reduced the bias and was relevant in reducing the number of field campaigns when a lower level of acceptable error (RMSE  <  5 %) was established. Using non-linear modelling instead of linear interpolation did improve the estimation of annual Rs, but not as expected. In conclusion, given that most of the studies of Rs use manual sampling techniques and apply only one measurement per day, we suggest performing an intensive sampling at the beginning of the study to determine minimum daily and annual frequencies of sampling.
Itzï (version 16.8): An open-source, distributed GIS model for dynamic flood simulation
Authors: Courty Laurent Guillaume , Pedrozo-Acuña Adrián , Bates Paul David
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Worldwide, floods are acknowledged as one of the most destructive hazards. In human-dominated environments, their negative impacts are ascribed not only to the increase in frequency and intensity of floods but also to a strong feedback between the hydrological cycle and anthropogenic development. In order to advance a more comprehensive understanding of this complex interaction, this paper presents the development of a new open-source tool named Itzï that enables the 2D numerical modelling of rainfall-runoff processes and surface flows integrated with the open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) software known as GRASS. Therefore, it takes advantage of the ability given by GIS environments to handle datasets with variations in both temporal and spatial resolutions. Furthermore, the presented numerical tool can handle datasets from different sources with varied spatial resolutions, facilitating the preparation and management of input and forcing data. This ability reduces the pre-processing time usually required by other models. Itzï uses a simplified form of the Shallow Water Equations, the damped partial inertia equation, for the resolution of surface flows, and the Green-Ampt model for the infiltration. The source code is now publicly available online, along with complete documentation. The numerical model is verified against three different tests cases: firstly, a comparison with an analytic solution of the Shallow Water Equations is introduced; secondly, a hypothetical flooding event in an urban area is implemented, where results are compared to those from an established model using a similar approach; and lastly, the reproduction of a real inundation event that occurred in the city of Kingston upon Hull, U.K., in June 2007, is presented. The numerical approach proved its ability at reproducing the analytic and synthetic test cases. Moreover, simulation results of the real flood event showed its suitability at identifying areas affected by flooding, which were verified against those recorded after the event by local authorities
A computationally efficient depression-filling algorithm for digital elevation models, applied to proglacial lake drainage
Authors: Berends Constantijn J. , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Many processes govern the deglaciation of ice sheets. One of the processes that is usually ignored is the calving of ice in lakes that temporarily surround the ice sheet. In order to capture this process a “flood-fill algorithm” is needed. Here we present and evaluate several optimizations to a standard flood-fill algorithm in terms of computational efficiency. As an example, we determine the land–ocean mask for a 1 km resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of North America and Greenland, a geographical area of roughly 7000 by 5000 km (roughly 35 million elements), about half of which is covered by ocean. Determining the land–ocean mask with our improved flood-fill algorithm reduces computation time by 90 % relative to using a standard stack-based flood-fill algorithm. This implies that it is now feasible to include the calving of ice in lakes as a dynamical process inside an ice-sheet model. We demonstrate this by using bedrock elevation, ice thickness and geoid perturbation fields from the output of a coupled ice-sheet–sea-level equation model at 30 000 years before present and determine the extent of Lake Agassiz, using both the standard and improved versions of the flood-fill algorithm. We show that several optimizations to the flood-fill algorithm used for filling a depression up to a water level, which is not defined beforehand, decrease the computation time by up to 99 %. The resulting reduction in computation time allows determination of the extent and volume of depressions in a DEM over large geographical grids or repeatedly over long periods of time, where computation time might otherwise be a limiting factor. The algorithm can be used for all glaciological and hydrological models, which need to trace the evolution over time of lakes or drainage basins in general.
Assimilation of SMOS brightness temperatures or soil moisture retrievals into a land surface model
Authors: De Lannoy Gabriëlle J. M. , Reichle Rolf H.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Three different data products from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission are assimilated separately into the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5) to improve estimates of surface and root-zone soil moisture. The first product consists of multi-angle, dual-polarization brightness temperature (Tb) observations at the bottom of the atmosphere extracted from Level 1 data. The second product is a derived SMOS Tb product that mimics the data at a 40° incidence angle from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. The third product is the operational SMOS Level 2 surface soil moisture (SM) retrieval product. The assimilation system uses a spatially distributed ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with seasonally varying climatological bias mitigation for Tb assimilation, whereas a time-invariant cumulative density function matching is used for SM retrieval assimilation. All assimilation experiments improve the soil moisture estimates compared to model-only simulations in terms of unbiased root-mean-square differences and anomaly correlations during the period from 1 July 2010 to 1 May 2015 and for 187 sites across the US. Especially in areas where the satellite data are most sensitive to surface soil moisture, large skill improvements (e.g., an increase in the anomaly correlation by 0.1) are found in the surface soil moisture. The domain-average surface and root-zone skill metrics are similar among the various assimilation experiments, but large differences in skill are found locally. The observation-minus-forecast residuals and analysis increments reveal large differences in how the observations add value in the Tb and SM retrieval assimilation systems. The distinct patterns of these diagnostics in the two systems reflect observation and model errors patterns that are not well captured in the assigned EnKF error parameters. Consequently, a localized optimization of the EnKF error parameters is needed to further improve Tb or SM retrieval assimilation.
Age-ranked hydrological budgets and a travel time description of catchment hydrology
Authors: Rigon Riccardo , Bancheri Marialaura , Green Timothy R.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The theory of travel time and residence time distributions is reworked from the point of view of the hydrological storages and fluxes involved. The forward and backward travel time distribution functions are defined in terms of conditional probabilities. Previous approaches that used fixed travel time distributions are not consistent with our new derivation. We explain Niemi's formula and show how it can be interpreted as an expression of the Bayes theorem. Some connections between this theory and population theory are identified by introducing an expression which connects life expectancy with travel times. The theory can be applied to conservative solutes, including a method of estimating the storage selection functions. An example, based on the Nash hydrograph, illustrates some key aspects of the theory. Generalization to an arbitrary number of reservoirs is presented.
Evaluating primary productivity, ripple effect and resilience of fluvial ecosystems: a new approach to assessing environmental flow requirement
Authors: Shinozaki Yui , Shirakawa Naoki
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Productivity, ripple effect and resilience are characteristics of fluvial ecosystems. To evaluate these factors and develop new criteria for estimating environmental flow requirement (EFR), we propose a fluvial biomass model which calculates the amount of aquatic biomass accumulated through physical and climatic processes. Using this model, we introduce the indices of Contribution to Downstream Ecosystems (CDE) and Ecological Recovery Time (ERT) and apply them in the estimation of global EFRs. Average EFR values were estimated at 42 % of mean annual discharge. In comparison with previous global EFR estimates based on flow regime only, our model suggests 20 %–50 % higher values in monsoonal and savanna regions with high ecological richness, and in the lower reaches of large rivers in the higher latitudes where primary productivity is low and ecosystems largely depend on allochthonous biomass supply. The main advantage of our model is the ability to set variable EFRs within a river basin based on differences in ecological characteristics driven by climatic conditions and tributaries. Taking such longitudinal differences in EFR into account aids in developing integrated water allocation strategies by reflecting differences in water resource availability for humans within a catchment.
The drought risk of maize in the farming–pastoral ecotone in Northern China based on physical vulnerability assessment
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Jiang Jingyi , Ma Qing
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Climate change is affecting every aspect of human activities, especially the agriculture. In China, extreme drought events caused by climate change have posed a great threat to food safety. In this work we aimed to study the drought risk of maize in the farming–pastoral ecotone in Northern China based on physical vulnerability assessment. The physical vulnerability curve was constructed from the relationship between drought hazard intensity index and yield loss rate. The risk assessment of agricultural drought was conducted from the drought hazard intensity index and physical vulnerability curve. The probability distribution of drought hazard intensity index decreased from south-west to north-east and increased from south-east to north-west along the rainfall isoline. The physical vulnerability curve had a reduction effect in three parts of the farming–pastoral ecotone in Northern China, which helped to reduce drought hazard vulnerability on spring maize. The risk of yield loss ratio calculated based on physical vulnerability curve was lower compared with the drought hazard intensity index, which suggested that the capacity of spring maize to resist and adapt to drought is increasing. In conclusion, the farming–pastoral ecotone in Northern China is greatly sensitive to climate change and has a high probability of severe drought hazard. Risk assessment of physical vulnerability can help better understand the physical vulnerability to agricultural drought and can also promote measurements to adapt to climate change.
Where’d You Hear That? Examining the Importance of Individuals and Institutions in Providing Knowledge to At-Risk Adolescents about Their Local Community
Authors: Barnett Rosemary V. , Combee Paige E. , Payne-Purvis Caroline
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between individuals and institutions when providing information to at-risk youth. This research examined how community issues are translated to 302 at-risk youth participants in two community-based after school programs. It specifically sought to identify the individuals and institutions where adolescents self-reported that they receive information from about community issues and whether there were relationships between these two entities. At-risk youth self-reported learning about community issues from key individuals and institutional connections. Positive correlations were found between all of the individuals and institutions, which indicate youth receive information about their communities from multiple individuals and institution types. The results provide important implications for institutions and individuals to consider as they work with youth.
La relación entre estilos de aprendizaje, autodirección y el desempeño académico en estudiantes de música de una universidad mexicana
Authors: Herrera Fernández Karmen Arline , Camacho Gutiérrez Dulce Fátima , Heredia Escorza Yolanda
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir la relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje, las habilidades de autodirección y el desempeño académico en un curso de Solfeo. Se utilizó un método cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal-correlacional. La muestra de 76 estudiantes universitarios de Música, respondió el Cuestionario Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje y el Cuestionario de Indagación del perfil autodirigido. Las calificaciones fueron el parámetro del desempeño escolar. Se encontró una correlación moderada e inversa entre el estilo activo y el desempeño en la muestra completa. En el análisis por grupo de estudio se determinaron algunas otras correlaciones.
Importancia de las estrategias de práctica instrumental en la educación musical superior
Authors: Tripiana Silvia
Published: December 2016

El estudio tuvo por objeto observar el papel que ejercen determinadas estrategias de práctica instrumental. Mediante metodología observacional (formato de campo), se analizaron sesiones de práctica de 30 participantes que aplicaron en su estudio estrategias propuestas por la docente y sesiones de práctica libre de otros 30 individuos a los que no se les sugirió ninguna estrategia. Tras 30 minutos, el porcentaje de mejora de la obra musical con respecto al número de fallos registrados en la interpretación previa, fue de un 44.6% en el caso de la práctica estratégica; mientras que tras la práctica libre se registró un empeoramiento de un 5.9%.
Diseño y evaluación de un programa informático para la educación musical de maestros no especialistas. El caso de EMOLab
Authors: Tejada Jesus , Pérez-Gil Manuel
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo expone el diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de un software como apoyo docente en una materia de formación musical básica para futuros maestros generalistas. La evaluación del programa fue realizada por estudiantes de primer año del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria. Cumplimentaron un cuestionario que recogió sus opiniones (versatilidad, eficacia, facilidad de uso, calidad del entorno gráfico, adecuación, interés, facilitación del aprendizaje, feedback, funcionalidad) y percepciones sobre aspectos más generales (control, orientación, afectividad, consulta, verificación, seguimiento). Los resultados sugieren que el alumnado percibe EMOLab como herramienta de gran ayuda en el desarrollo de sus habilidades musicales.
Tratamiento de "muta cum liquida" en "De rerum natura", "La Eneida" y "Las Metamorfosis"
Authors: Del Castillo Herrera Marina , López Castillo María
Published: December 2016

A pesar de unas cuantas excepciones muy discutidas, los datos de la poesía latina arcaica, y especialmente de la comedia, no dejan lugar a dudas sobre el tratamiento tautosilábico del grupo formado por muta cum liquida. Sobre la poesía clásica, en cambio, los estudios realizados hasta el momento solo ofrecen datos imprecisos que incluso se contradicen entre sí. Este trabajo presenta el calado exacto de los dos posibles tratamientos del grupo en De rerum natura, La Eneida y Las Metamorfosis de Ovidio, tres de las obras más representativas del hexámetro latino clásico, y analiza los datos desde un punto de vista métrico y lingüístico.
El Prólogo de Gómez, presbítero de Albelda
Authors: Yarza Urquiola Valeriano
Published: December 2016

Gómez, monje del monasterio de San Martín de Albelda en la Rioja, copió en el año 950 el tratado De uirginitate sanctae Mariae de Ildefonso obispo de Toledo (s. VII) a petición de Gotiscalco, obispo de la sede aquitana de Le Puy-en-Velay, huésped del monasterio albeldense en una etapa de su peregrinación a Santiago. El códice en el que se encuentra el texto copiado por Gómez para el prelado aquitano se conserva hoy bajo la signatura Paris BN lat. 2855. Gómez, al inicio del códice, cuenta, en un breve escrito, el encargo de Gotiscalco y otras noticias y detalles interesantes en un latín culto y elegante: se trata del denominado Prólogo de Gómez, pieza nada habitual en los manuscritos medievales. En este artículo ofrecemos la introducción, edición crítica y traducción del relato de Gómez.
Catulo 5 en el epigrama latino de Juan Gómez a Santa Helena (1555)
Authors: Pascual Barea Joaquín
Published: December 2016

Presentamos la primera edición, traducción y comentario del epigrama a Santa Helena que Juan Gómez presentó en la justa literaria celebrada en Sevilla el día 29 de junio de 1555. Exponemos algunas hipótesis sobre la identidad de su autor, e identificamos a los dos teólogos que dieron su aprobación al poema: el doctor Francisco Sánchez, rector del Colegio de Santa María de Jesús, y el fraile y predicador dominico Andrés Romero, maestro del Colegio de Santo Tomás. Analizamos las técnicas de imitación del poema 5 de Catulo sobre los besos incontables y su significación en el contexto social, histórico y literario de este epigrama. También comentamos otras fuentes literarias tanto antiguas como modernas, el contenido y los principales rasgos estilísticos y métricos de estos versos. Mencionamos además los poetas que habían imitado en latín, traducido o comentado los poemas en endecasílabos y otros poemas de Catulo desde finales del siglo XV hasta mediados del siglo XVI en España, especialmente en Sevilla y Alcalá de Henares, pero también en Salamanca y en algunas ciudades del Reino de Aragón.
Lamia e le sue metamorfosi
Authors: Cappanera Chiara
Published: December 2016

Il lavoro analizza la figura di Lamia alla luce delle testimonianza testuali e iconografiche. L’obiettivo è quello di distinguerla dalle altre figure di demoni femminili presenti nel panorama greco dei demoni rapitori di bambini e di comprendere se la sua androginia sia un elemento originario o acquisito in seguito ai contatti culturali con il Vicino Oriente. Attraverso lo studio delle fonti è quindi possibile seguire questa figura e tutte le metamorfosi da lei subite, sia nella cultura greca sia in quella latina.
HISTÓRICO DAS AÇÕES DE CONTROLE DA FILARIOSE LINFÁTICA EM OLINDA, PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL
Authors: Rocha Abraham , Dos Santos Elizabete Miguel , Oliveira Paula , Brandão Eduardo
Published: December 2016

A filariose linfática é uma parasitose que afeta regiões tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, apenas a região metropolitana de Recife (Recife, Olinda, Jaboatão dos Guararapes e Paulista) ainda é considerada como foco ativo de transmissão da parasitose. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o histórico das atividades de controle da parasitose em Olinda- PE, área que por muito tempo apresentou número significativo de casos, evidenciando as principais ações desenvolvidas desde o ano de 1987. Ao longo de aproximadamente 30 anos, muitos estudos clínico-laboratoriais e epidemiológicos foram desenvolvidos no município.Recentemente, mais de cinco ciclos de tratamento em massa com citrato de dietilcarbamazina foram realizados na área, com uma adesão de mais de 65% de toda a população, o que contribuiu para a redução da microfilaremia local a taxas inferiores a 1%. Esse fato viabilizou a implantação da pesquisa de avaliação da transmissão, etapa decisiva para definição da situação atual da filariose linfática e de novas estratégias de controle e vigilância.
Staphylococcus aureus BACTEREMIA IN A BRAZILIAN MIDWEST TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Romão Ariana Rocha , De Souza Marta Antunes , Ancelmo Vinícius Guilarde , Turchi Marília Dalva , Guilarde Adriana Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Bacteremia por Staphylococcus aureus compreende uma infecção frequente e potencialmente grave. A resistência à meticilina representa um dos fatores aventados como preditor de letalidade. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o perfil epidemiológico das bacteremias por S. aureus em hospital de ensino. Foi observada incidência de 5,1 casos de bacteremia por 1.000 admissões. A incidência de S. aureus meticilina resistente (MRSA) foi de 31,3% (intervalo de confiança 95% (IC) 24,5- 39,1). Houve uma melhora significativa da suscetibilidade à meticilina em relação ao observado uma década antes, onde a incidência de bacteremia por MRSA era de 55,0% (IC95% 45,2-64,3).A letalidade global foi de 29,3% e bacteremia por MRSA não foi fator de risco para o óbito.
NATURAL INFECTION BY Cryptosporidium SPP. IN PRODUCTION ANIMALS: FIRST DESCRIPTION OF SUBTYPE IIa15G2R1 IN GOAT KIDS AND PIGLETS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Dourado Coelho Willian Marinho , Widmer Giovanni , De Oliveira Fernando Paes , Talamini do Amarante Alessandro Francisco , Saraiva Bresciani Katia Denise
Published: December 2016

A criptosporidiose é uma doença entérica grave, com manifestação clínica variada e eventual mortalidade, especialmente em animais jovens. Este estudo objetivou realizar a detecção molecular e a subtipagem de Cryptosporidium spp. em cabritos, bezerros, cordeiros, leitões epotros que compartilhem o mesmo ambiente. Amostras fecais foram coletadas diretamente do reto de 192 cabritos, 184 bezerros, 44 cordeiros, 47 leitões e 26 potros com até 12 meses de idade, machos e fêmeas, de raças diferentes, provenientes dos estados de Goiás, Mato Grossodo Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi realizada para a amplificação dos fragmentos do gene da subunidade 18S rRNA e do gene da glicoproteína GP60.Amplificação positiva para Cryptosporidium foi identificada em 16,7% (32/192) dos cabritos, 6,5% (12/184) dos bezerros e 2,1% (1/47) dos leitões. O sequenciamento dos produtos obtidos com o gene 18S rRNA identificou todas as amostras de cabritos como C. parvum. Entre osbezerros, as espécies identificadas foram C. parvum em 41,7% (12/05), C. andersoni em 16,7% (12/02), C. ryanae em 16,7% (12/02) e C. bovis em 25% (3/12). Para todas as amostras analisadas com o gene GP60, C. parvum subtipo IIaA15G2R1 foi encontrado em cabritos, bezerros e leitõesque compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente. Esta é a primeira descrição da identificação molecular e subtipagem de Cryptosporidium em cabritos e leitões no Brasil. Concluímos que espécies de Cryptosporidium envolvidas nas infecções entéricas de animais de fazenda no Brasil podem causar infecções zoonóticas em outros animais, incluindo os seres humanos.
The Linkage between the Degree of Compliance with Corporate Governance Rules and Profitability: Evidence from Palestine Exchange Listed Firms
Authors: Abdelkarim Naser
Published: December 2016

The underlying objective of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between the degree of compliance with the rules of the code of Corporate Governance (CG) that became effective in 2009 and profitability of Palestine Exchange Listed firms. Compliance with CG rules is measured based on a criteria of ten corporate governance indicators identified in the study of Abdelkarim and Ijbarah (2010), while profitability is measured by the percentage of change in ROI reported in year 2008 and its average over the period 2009-2015. The Use of ROI as a dependent variable in this study is based on the theoretical assumption that CG should have positive impact on efficiency in terms of cost management and increase in sales due to increase in market share. Prior research in developed economies reported a significant impact of corporate governance on firm performance particularly if measured as a change in market value. However, in Palestine there was only one study that investigated the relationship between corporate governance measured as the level of ownership concentration and firm’s performance measured using Tobin’s Q (Abdelkarim and Alawneh, 2005).

Using regression analysis, this study provides empirical evidence that there is no statistically significant relationship between the degree of compliance with the rules in the code of corporate governance and profitability of sample firms. Explanations for this key finding are provided in this study.

 
Iran's 1953 Coup: Revisiting Mosaddeq
Authors: Mokhtari Fariborz
Published: December 2016

A coup d'état ended Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq's government in Iran on August 19, 1953. The United States and Great Britain were undeniably involved, but the country's internal dynamics may have been even more crucial. The notion that foreign agents subverted Iran and its elected government entirely through their paid operators is not an accurate assessment. This brief account of postwar Iranian politics serves as an important context for events that took place during Mosaddeq's premiership, and perhaps makes the search for those culpable for the coup less important than coming to terms with the continued tension between nationalist-modernism and religious-traditionalism in Iran.
DETERMINAÇÃO DE VALORES NORMAIS DA PRESSÃO INTRA-ABDOMINAL DE CÃES PELA CATETERIZAÇÃO VESICAL COM SONDA URETRAL DE P.V.C
Authors: Bacchi-Villanova Rebeca , De Souza Eros Luiz , Nerone Tatiana Giordano , Guimarães Bruna Berardi , Cruz Mantheus Barbosa Gomes , Vilani Ricardo Guilherme D’Otaviano de Castro
Published: December 2016

A pressão intra-abdominal define-se como um estado de pressão na cavidade abdominal, o qual é determinado pelo índice de massa corporal, pela postura, atividade muscular da parede abdominal e pela respiração. O método padrão ouro para mensuração da pressão intra-abdominal recomendado pela Sociedade Mundial de Síndrome do Compartimento Abdominal é o método indireto por meio da sondagem vesical com sonda de Foley e infusão de 25 mL de solução fisiológica na bexiga. O desenvolvimento de uma técnica de aferição da PIA por meio de sonda uretral de policloreto de vinila (P.V.C.), torna essa técnica mais prática e fácil de ser realizada em Medicina Veterinária. Objetivou-se neste estudo, realizar a mensuração da PIA em 29 cães anestesiados saudáveis, com uma técnica que utiliza a sonda uretral de P.V.C. e a infusão de 1mL/Kg de solução fisiológica, correlacionando os valores encontrados com o peso dos animais. A média da PIA de cadelas anestesiadas com propofol e isoflurano pelo método proposto foi de 1,78 cmH20 (± 1,39) e a mediana de 1,9 cmH20. Os valores da PIA tem relação direta com o peso dos animais.
CONSUMO VOLUNTÁRIO DE ENERGIA POR CÃES DE DIFERENTES RAÇAS
Authors: Ramos Tatiane Aparecida , Risolia Larissa Wunsche , De Oliveira Simone Gisele , Félix Ananda Portella , Marcon de Brito Cleusa Bernardete , Maiorka Alex
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo voluntário de energia por cães de diferentes raças. Para a realização do experimento, utilizou-se 16 cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, de raças distintas, alimentados com uma ração completa seca extrusada para cães em manutenção, uma vez ao dia durante 30 minutos. A quantidade fornecida foi 30% superior às necessidades de energia metabolizável de mantença (NEM). O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os cães da raça Labrador apresentaram consumo de 20% acima da energia recomendada, enquanto que os Huskies consumiram 26% menos energia que o recomendado para a raça. Em contrapartida os cães da raça Beagle apresentaram seu consumo de energia mais próximo ao recomendado pelo NRC. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que cães da raça Labrador apresentaram maior consumo de energia dentre as raças avaliadas, seguidos por Basset hound, Beagle e Huskie siberiano.
ZONA ORGANIZADORA DE NUCLÉOLO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A EPIDEMIOLOGIA DE CADELAS COM NEOPLASIA MAMÁRIA
Authors: Montserrat Louanne Affonso , Cassiano-Camuzi Diego , Boeloni Jankerle Neves , Nunes Louisiane De Carvalho , Trivilin Leonardo Oliveira
Published: December 2016

As neoplasias mamárias são comumente encontradas em cadelas, sendo observada, geralmente, em animais senis, não castrados e sem predisposição racial. A técnica de AgNOR pode auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de tumores mamários. Objetivou-se relacionar o número de AgNOR aos dados epidemiológicos como idade de acometimento, raça do animal, status reprodutivo, status vivo ou morto, diagnóstico, recidiva e metástase. Fez-se um levantamento de dados de 49 cadelas com neoplasia mamária durante o período de 2011 a 2015 da rotina do HOVET-UFES e a técnica de AgNOR foi empregada em lâminas de tumores mamários de cadelas. Observou-se média de idade de 10 anos e contagem média de AgNOR correspondente a 4,42. As cadelas SRD foram as mais frequentes com média de AgNOR 4,22. O status vivo correspondeu a 63,64% das cadelas e a média de AgNOR foi 4,23, e as mortas, 36,36% com média de AgNOR de 4,75. Encontrou-se 90,90% de cadelas castradas, com média de AgNOR de 4,31 e não castradas 9,09%, com média de AgNOR 5,48. Neoplasias malignas foram observadas em 40 (81,63%) cadelas cuja média de AgNOR foi 4,46, e as benignas em nove (18,37%) com média de AgNOR de 4,24. Das cadelas, 42 (85,71%) não apresentaram recidiva tumoral, cuja média de AgNOR foi de 4,39, e em duas que apresentaram metástase tumoral, média de AgNOR de 5,04. Concluiu-se que o AgNOR varia em relação a idade e raça, e que também não houve dependência do status de sobrevida em relação ao número de AgNOR, bem como em relação ao status reprodutivo. Ainda, que o número de AgNOR variou conforme o diagnóstico e foi maior em tumores malignos e quando houve metástase.
MASTOCITOMA CUTÂNEO EQUINO: QUANDO SUSPEITAR?
Authors: Silva-Meirelles Jéssica Rodrigues , Busato Eduarda Maciel , Sousa Renato Silva , Deconto Ivan , Brum Juliana Sperotto , Dornbusch Peterson Triches
Published: December 2016

O mastocitoma é uma lesão nodular pouco observada na espécie equina, porém pode apresentar características que se destacam na suspeita de uma lesão tumoriforme e difere clínica e patologicamente dos mastocitomas comumente observados em outras espécies. Por isso, objetivou-se relatar um caso clínico de mastocitoma cutâneo em um potro e salientar as principais diferenças observadas tanto com as outras principais lesões cutâneas equinas, como com os mastocitomas de outras espécies. Um potro de dois anos apresentava uma massa no tecido subcutâneo do pescoço que foi retirada cirurgicamente, e após exame histopatológico diagnosticou-se mastocitoma. Macroscopicamente a massa media 2,8 x 2,0 x 1,5 cm, era firme ao corte, com superfície caseosa entremeada por tecido brancacento. Microscopicamente apresentava focos de proliferação de células redondas, com citoplasma repleto por finos grânulos basofílicos, em meio a extensas áreas de necrose com mineralização central. O exame citológico não foi conclusivo como na maioria dos tumores de mastócitos, pois acredita-se que foi puncionada uma área de necrose, comum nos mastocitomas de cavalos. Diferentemente do observado em cães, espécie em que é comum, em cavalos o tumor é benigno. É constituído de uma única massa solitária, diferentemente do sarcoide equino e raramente observa-se alteração na pele, como observado no tecido de granulação e no carcinoma de células escamosas. A excisão cirúrgica é curativa.