bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Model for Understanding and Enhancing Green Purchase Behavioral Intention: Directions for Future Research
Authors: T. Velnampy , Sivapalan Achchuthan
Published: June 2016

Environmental management and protection take prominent place in the globe, where environmental pollution already stressed the bio – diversity. In Globalized level, policy makers, marketers and general public also pronounce environmental protection and its benefits. In line with above arguments, green marketing was selected as theme to ground the research. In the green marketing paradigm, green consumerism was selected as the main theme. In line with above facts, the integrated conceptual model was developed to predict the purchase intention and behavior towards green products. Altogether, seven antecedents as environmental attitude, environmental concern, perceived consumer effectiveness, health consciousness, social influence, media influence and perceived government initiatives were incorporated in to the proposed model. Therefore, the proposed model is considered as the comprehensive one to predict the intention towards green products. Further, this model can be applied in globalized level among consumers to predict the purchase intention and behavior towards green products. 

 
Estado de la vegetación arbórea y estructura florística de la franja ribereña en la microcuenca Las Chichiguas, La Concordia-Jinotega, Nicaragua, 2011
Authors: Pérez-Castellón Emilio , Bonilla-Zúñiga Gleda , Blandón-Villagra Joel Noe
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio se realizó en la microcuenca Las Chichiguas, municipio de La Concordia, en el departamento de Jinotega, Nicaragua, en correspondencias con las líneas de investigación de la Universidad Nacional Agraria y como parte del convenio internacional del proyecto UNA/CARE/MARENA-PIMCHAS. El objetivo principal fue evaluar el estado de la vegetación arbórea y estructura florística en la que se encuentra la franja ribereña de la microcuenca Las Chichiguas. Se utilizó como metodología el diagnóstico físico-ambiental a nivel de sitio (parte alta, media y baja) tomando como unidad experimental un inventario forestal en el bosque ripario. Se obtuvieron las variables que conforman el análisis de los índices de biodiversidad y población estimada realizando cálculos del número de individuos, identificando la parte más crítica o degradada, diagnosticando sus causas y posibles alternativas de solución. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas: 1) reconocimiento del área de estudio, 2) inventario forestal en el bosque ripario y 3) diagnóstico vegetativo, que incluye la abundancia, registrándose 195 individuos ha-1 en 22 especies. Tres especies son las más representativas en base a su frecuencia, obteniéndose un 13.64% del total. Estas especies corresponden a Quina (Croton draco), Guácimo de ternero (Guazuma ulmifolia) y Cuajiniquil (Inga vera). Estas especies presentaron una frecuencia del 43.48% del total de las especies muestreadas en las 16 parcelas y una dominancia de especies determinada a partir del área basal de la vegetación de la microcuenca de 65.41 m², este valor total está representado en las especies con mayor dominancia tales como Cuajiniquil (18.24%), Guácimo de ternero (6.50%) y Quina (1.33%). Se calculó la densidad total de las especies mayores de 10 cm de DAP e índices de biodiversidad según Shannon-Wienner y Simpson. Basado en condiciones de sitios (sin deterioro, moderada mente deteriorado y altamente deteriorado) los resultados indicaron que la parte media del área riparia de la microcuenca está moderadamente deteriorada, la parte baja altamente deteriorada y la parte alta con poco deterioro. Este estudio concluye que el principal factor de deterioro de mayor a menor grado en las microcuenca lo presenta el factor vegetativo o la cobertura, siendo la principal causa el cambio de uso del suelo de bosques a pastos y zonas de cultivo, provocando un factor potencial de erosión y sedimentación del suelo.La Calera Vol. 14. Nº 22, p. 13-20 / mayo 2014
Un mensaje de esperanza a los pequeños agricultores: la rentabilidad ya está al alcance de todos
Authors: Lacki Polan
Published: June 2016

La Calera, Vol.14 No.22, Mayo 2014, pp.57-59
Preserving the Foundations of Modem Medicine - Through the Traditions of lbn Sina (980-1037 AD)
Authors: Noble John
Published: June 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/30-1-16286Four challenges face educators and leaders of medicine at the turn of the 21st century and third millennium.Professionalism - The foundation of the profession must continue to rest in universities and academic health centers.Education - Global networks of communication must be developed to facilitate the sharing of high quality information. Quality of care - Principles of quality management and health service delivery must be designed to ensure quality in health at an affordable cost. Social values - Human rigbts, tolerance, and respect for others must be perceived as core values in medicine for the preservation of health and the continuation of scientific progress. Similar challenges confronted ibn Sina at the beginning of the second millennium and William Osler, 100 years ago. A review of these issues may offer guidance to us as we confront similar challenges in the context of current-day realities in medicine and health care. Presented al the Fourth International and 30th Annual Convention of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, July 26-August 1, 1997, Amman, Jordan.
Profiles of Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Ali Abdul
Published: June 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/30-1-16289Coronary heart disease is reaching epidemic proportions in women. Therefore, it is important that risk factors in women be recognized and that a correct diagnosis of coronary heart disease be made early. Treatment options should be discussed with each patient and guidelines for prevention of further disease should be established.
High on/off ratio nanosecond laser pulses for a triggered single-photon source
Authors: Jin Gang , Liu Bei , He Jun , Wang Junmin
Published: June 2016

An 852 nm nanosecond laser pulse chain with a high on/off ratio is generated by chopping a continuous-wave laser beam using a Mach–Zehnder-type electro-optic intensity modulator (MZ-EOIM). The detailed dependence of the MZ-EOIM’s on/off ratio on various parameters is characterized. By optimizing the incident beam polarization and stabilizing the MZ-EOIM temperature, a static on/off ratio of

is achieved. The dynamic on/off ratios versus the pulse repetition rate and the pulse duty cycle are measured and discussed. The high-on/off-ratio nanosecond pulsed laser system was used in a triggered single-photon source based on a trapped single cesium atom, which reveals clear antibunching.
First-principles study of initial oxidation process of Ge(100) surfaces
Authors: Mizukoshi Takahiro , Oda Masato
Published: June 2016

Stable structures of oxygen atoms inserted into Ge(100) surfaces are investigated by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. Comparing the total energies of several models, the most stable structure is realized when oxygen atoms are inserted into the backbond of a lower dimer atom and the next bond along the (100) direction. We calculate the electronic density of states to reveal the origin of the stability. The structure is stable because a dangling bond of the lower dimer atom disappeared to form a four-coordinated structure. We also reveal that the dangling bond disappears from equal-amplitude plots of wave functions. These results are due to the strong electronegativity of the oxygen atom.
An Update on Voriconazole in Ophthalmology
Authors: Heralgi Mallikarjun M , Badami Ajay , Vokuda Hariprasad , Venkatachalam Kavitha
Published: June 2016

Ocular mycosis is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness. The range of common antifungal agents available for ocular mycosis remains inadequate and is generally associated with poor clinical outcomes. Voriconazole is a newer generation triazole antifungal agent, only marketed in systemic formulation, with broad-spectrum activity and a high intraocular penetration. Voriconazole has demonstrated effectiveness against ocular mycosis. This review article is aimed at providing comprehensive information about the uses of voriconazole in ophthalmology in different scenarios. Off label preparation and different routes of administration like intrastromal, intracameral and intravitreal etc. been described along with case reports and relevant studies. It has been demonstrated in many case reports that voriconazole has been used as a stand alone therapy, as a second line of drug in unresponsive cases and also as an adjunctive drug along with other antifungals.
Angular Relations of Upper Corneal Coverage by Upper Lid Margin in Relation to Central Corneal Reflex in Normal Subjects of Shimla Hills
Authors: Kashyap Aditya , Chaudhary K P , Pandey M L
Published: June 2016

Aim:

To study relations of Upper Lid Margin in relation to Central Corneal Reflex (CCR) in normal healthy subjects of Shimla Hills.

Design:

Comparative Case series involving 800 eyes of 400 subjects attending the OPD, were divided into four equal groups, males <18 years, females <18 years, males ≥18 years but <35 years and females ≥18 years but <35 years into group A, B, C and D respectively. The angular relations of upper lid (UL) in relation to CCR were calculated in computer using Goniometer, after magnifying images taken from Sony Super Steady Shot 8 megapixel Digital Camera. Three reference points on UL were taken from the spots where the UL touches the nasal side of corneal limbus (N), on temporal side of corneal limbus (T) and the midpoint of UL (point M). Then a point was taken from CCR (R). Angles thus formed on joining the above points i.e. NRT, MRT and NRM were measured using Goniometer.

Results:

Angle NRM values had an overall mean of 69.87°±5.75°

Angle MRT values had overall mean of 58.41°±5.59°

Angle NRT values had an overall mean of 128.13°±10.49°.

Conclusion:

Angle MRT is more or less constant in all ages and in both sexes

Angle NRM variations are seen with advancing age especially among females.

Angle NRT which is constituted by angles MRT and NRM, varies with advancing age and especially in females. These findings may be taken into account in preoperative assessment and while planning postoperative outcome in all surgical procedures of eyelid, like ptosis correction.
Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) Sizing in Advanced Keratoconus
Authors: Arora Ritu , Manudhane Aditi , Jain Parul , Goyal Jawahar Lal , Jain Pooja
Published: June 2016

A patient of advanced keratoconus underwent CXL followed by implantation of ICL. Pre-operative BCVA was 20/40 with mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) of -12DS(OD) and -10DS(OS) respectively. Corneal refractive power was 56 D×13°/61.4D×103°(OD) and 55.3D×177°/61.5D×87°(OS). Anterior chamber depth from endothelium was 3.79 mm(OD) and 3.87mm(OS). Horizontal WTW measurement was 12.51mm (OD) and 12.72mm (OS). ICL of 13 mm, -22D (ICM130V4) was implanted in the right eye. Post operative BCVA was 20/60 with a high posterior vault which increased to 1.62 mm at 4 weeks. The ICL was replaced with an ICL of 12mm (2 sizes smaller), after which vault decreased to 636μ, UCVA was 20/30 with a well formed anterior chamber. Left eye was subsequently implanted with a 12 mm ICL and had an uneventful post operative course. Our experience suggests that WTW measurement in advanced keratoconus (57-60D) is fallacious possibly due to corneal and limbal stretching, resulting in difficulty in sizing of ICL. A modified nomogram for ICL size needs to be considered in cases of advanced keratoconus with K>55 D.
Enhancement by GOSPEL protein of GAPDH aggregation induced by nitric oxide donor and its inhibition by NAD+
Authors: González María C. , Romero Jorge M. , Ingaramo María C. , Muñoz Sosa Christian J. , Curtino Juan A. , Carrizo María E.
Published: June 2016

Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase's (GAPDH's) competitor of Siah Protein Enhances Life (GOSPEL) is the protein that competes with Siah1 for binding to GAPDH under NO‐induced stress conditions preventing Siah1‐bound GAPDH nuclear translocation and subsequent apoptosis. Under these conditions, GAPDH may also form amyloid‐like aggregates proposed to be involved in cell death. Here, we report the in vitro enhancement by GOSPEL of NO‐induced GAPDH aggregation resulting in the formation GOSPEL‐GAPDH co‐aggregates with some amyloid‐like properties. Our findings suggest a new function for GOSPEL, contrasting with its helpful role against the apoptotic nuclear translocation of GAPDH. NAD+ inhibited both GAPDH aggregation and co‐aggregation with GOSPEL, a hitherto undescribed effect of the coenzyme against the consequences of oxidative stress.
Mars‐solar wind interaction: LatHyS, an improved parallel 3‐D multispecies hybrid model
Authors: Modolo Ronan , Hess Sebastien , Mancini Marco , Leblanc Francois , Chaufray Jean‐Yves , Brain David , Leclercq Ludivine , Esteban‐Hernández Rosa , Chanteur Gerard , Weill Philippe , González‐Galindo Francisco , Forget Francois , Yagi Manabu , Mazelle Christian
Published: June 2016

In order to better represent Mars‐solar wind interaction, we present an unprecedented model achieving spatial resolution down to 50 km, a so far unexplored resolution for global kinetic models of the Martian ionized environment. Such resolution approaches the ionospheric plasma scale height. In practice, the model is derived from a first version described in Modolo et al. (2005). An important effort of parallelization has been conducted and is presented here. A better description of the ionosphere was also implemented including ionospheric chemistry, electrical conductivities, and a drag force modeling the ion‐neutral collisions in the ionosphere. This new version of the code, named LatHyS (Latmos Hybrid Simulation), is here used to characterize the impact of various spatial resolutions on simulation results. In addition, and following a global model challenge effort, we present the results of simulation run for three cases which allow addressing the effect of the suprathermal corona and of the solar EUV activity on the magnetospheric plasma boundaries and on the global escape. Simulation results showed that global patterns are relatively similar for the different spatial resolution runs, but finest grid runs provide a better representation of the ionosphere and display more details of the planetary plasma dynamic. Simulation results suggest that a significant fraction of escaping O+ ions is originated from below 1200 km altitude.
Differences in the mean wind and its diurnal variation between wet and dry spells of the monsoon over southeast India
Authors: Mohan T. S. , Rao T. N.
Published: June 2016

The differences in the vertical structure of mean wind and its diurnal variation from the surface to upper troposphere between wet and dry spells are studied using a unique data set consisting of surface and remote sensing (SOund Detection and Ranging and wind profilers) measurements made at Gadanki (13.5°N 79.2°E). Special emphasis was given to study the variation of low‐level jet (LLJ) and tropical easterly jet (TEJ), two most conspicuous features of the Indian summer monsoon. Largest and significant wind differences between the spells are observed in the lower troposphere (<4 km) with stronger winds during the dry spell than during wet spell. The spatial variation of LLJ and TEJ depicts intriguing differences between the spells. The LLJ splits into two branches over the Arabian Sea during the dry spell, while only one branch is apparent during the wet spell. On the 100 hPa level, the longitudinal extent of the TEJ is larger during the dry spell than during wet spell. The vertical variation (in particular, in the lower troposphere) of the amplitude and phase of diurnal cycle is significant and, to some extent, different during the dry and wet spells. The plausible mechanisms responsible for the change in the phase of the diurnal cycle with altitude are discussed. The amplitude of the diurnal cycle increases with altitude up to 2 km and then decreases. Largest amplitudes in the entire troposphere and lower stratosphere are found in the height region of 1–2 km. Given that LLJ peak magnitude and height exhibit a strong diurnal variation, one should be careful in obtaining characteristics of the LLJ and nocturnal LLJ from observations made at a fixed time. The diurnal variation of LLJ and TEJ exhibits distinct spatial variability in both spells. The results are compared and contrasted with earlier reports on intraseasonal variability of the LLJ and TEJ.
Changes in the D region associated with three recent solar eclipses in the South Pacific region
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Kumar Abhikesh , Maurya Ajeet K , Singh Rajesh
Published: June 2016

We estimate D region changes due to 22 July 2009 total solar eclipse (SE), 13–14 November 2012 total SE, and 9–10 May 2013 annular SE, using VLF navigational transmitters signal observations at Suva, Fiji. The North West Cape (NWC) signal (19.8 kHz) showed an amplitude and phase decrease of 0.70 dB and 23° during November SE and 2.0 dB and 90° during May SE. The modeling using Long Wave Propagation Capability code for NWC‐Suva path during November and May SEs showed an increase in average D region reflection height (H′) and sharpness factor (β) by 0.6 and 0.5 km and 0.012 and 0.015 km−1, respectively. The July total SE for JJI‐Suva path showed an increase in H′ of 1.5 km and a decrease in β of 0.055 km−1. The decrease in the electron density calculated using SE time H′ and β is maximum for July total SE and minimum for May annular SE. The effective recombination coefficient estimated from the decay and recovery of signal phase associated with May annular SE was higher (27%) than normal daytime value 5.0 × 10−7 cm−3 s−1 and varied between 1.47 × 10−6 and 1.15 × 10−7 cm−3 s−1 in the altitude 70 to 80 km. Morlet wavelet analysis of signals amplitude shows strong wave‐like signatures (WLS) associated with three SEs with period ranging 24–66 min, but the intensity and duration of WLS show no clear dependence on SE magnitude and type. Apart from the cooling spot, the eclipse shadow can also generate WLS associated with atmospheric gravity waves.
Forcings and feedbacks on convection in the 2010 Pakistan flood: Modeling extreme precipitation with interactive large‐scale ascent
Authors: Nie Ji , Shaevitz Daniel A. , Sobel Adam H.
Published: June 2016

Extratropical extreme precipitation events are usually associated with large‐scale flow disturbances, strong ascent, and large latent heat release. The causal relationships between these factors are often not obvious, however, the roles of different physical processes in producing the extreme precipitation event can be difficult to disentangle. Here we examine the large‐scale forcings and convective heating feedback in the precipitation events, which caused the 2010 Pakistan flood within the Column Quasi‐Geostrophic framework. A cloud‐revolving model (CRM) is forced with large‐scale forcings (other than large‐scale vertical motion) computed from the quasi‐geostrophic omega equation using input data from a reanalysis data set, and the large‐scale vertical motion is diagnosed interactively with the simulated convection. Numerical results show that the positive feedback of convective heating to large‐scale dynamics is essential in amplifying the precipitation intensity to the observed values. Orographic lifting is the most important dynamic forcing in both events, while differential potential vorticity advection also contributes to the triggering of the first event. Horizontal moisture advection modulates the extreme events mainly by setting the environmental humidity, which modulates the amplitude of the convection's response to the dynamic forcings. When the CRM is replaced by either a single‐column model (SCM) with parameterized convection or a dry model with a reduced effective static stability, the model results show substantial discrepancies compared with reanalysis data. The reasons for these discrepancies are examined, and the implications for global models and theoretical models are discussed.
Knowledge Gap: History and Development
Authors: Gaziano Cecilie
Published: June 2016

The
knowledge gap hypothesis
proposes that, as more and more information is disseminated into a social system such as a community or a nation, the “haves” gain more knowledge faster than the “have nots” so that relative differentials in knowledge between them increase, both at one point in time and over time. The hypothesis has mainly been applied to scientific and public affairs topics, especially as elements of social change. Reasons for the development of knowledge gaps include characteristics of more advantaged socioeconomic groups and mass media information‐delivery systems. Four major reviews of knowledge gap results indicate that scholarly interest has grown, specifying contingent conditions when gaps widen, decrease, or do not occur. Areas of particular research interest are described, and issues for future research are outlined. Especially desirable is work that allows conclusions about links between the information environment, social systems, and knowledge differentials.
The French Beaux‐Arts
Authors: Garric Jean‐Philippe
Published: June 2016

In the history of French architecture, the term “Beaux‐Arts” refers to an academic institution. But it also evokes an architectural culture, collectively built within and around the institution by several generations of students and teachers, a culture that hinged upon shared standards, values, and practices. Just as there is a “Beaux‐Arts style” – one that is clearly understood by the School's alumni and demonstrated by their creations – there is a “Beaux‐Arts spirit”: a shared view on the figure of the architect and his/her role in society. It is even possible to speak of a “Beaux‐Arts system,” considering that beyond the School itself, the elite who graduated from it, the hierarchies it established, and the evaluation criteria it used significantly contributed to organizing the architect's profession in France, by sharing out public orders and official duties. The School's first mission was of course educational. It trained most French architects in charge of designing and executing the main buildings and urban developments in the country, as well as those (often the same ones) who held administrative positions key to the implementation and control of public architecture. Yet, as it fulfilled its educational function, providing France with professionals able to meet the architectural challenges of the nineteenth century, the School also worked as a laboratory, producing debates and doctrines and generating a universal architectural model that took concrete shape not only in a number of theoretical projects and exemplary works, but also in numerous publications, some of which were to exert great influence.
Does Poor Understanding of Physical World Predict Religious and Paranormal Beliefs?
Authors: Lindeman Marjaana , Svedholm‐Häkkinen Annika M.
Published: June 2016

Although supernatural beliefs often paint a peculiar picture about the physical world, the possibility that the beliefs might be based on inadequate understanding of the non‐social world has not received research attention. In this study (N = 258), we therefore examined how physical‐world skills and knowledge predict religious and paranormal beliefs. The results showed that supernatural beliefs correlated with all variables that were included, namely, with low systemizing, poor intuitive physics skills, poor mechanical ability, poor mental rotation, low school grades in mathematics and physics, poor common knowledge about physical and biological phenomena, intuitive and analytical thinking styles, and in particular, with assigning mentality to non‐mental phenomena. Regression analyses indicated that the strongest predictors of the beliefs were overall physical capability (a factor representing most physical skills, interests, and knowledge) and intuitive thinking style. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis by Vacuum Infiltration, Microstructure, and Thermo‐Physical Properties of Graphite–Aluminum Composite
Authors: Fu Haitao , Huang Ying , Wu Haiwei , Yang Yiwen , Zong Meng
Published: June 2016

Graphite prefabricated blocks are fabricated using natural flake graphite and pore‐forming agent of urea, and then high volume fraction graphite–aluminum (Gr–Al) composites are fabricated applying graphite prefabricated blocks and aluminum alloy (ZL101) by vacuum infiltration process for the electronic packaging materials. The microstructures of graphite prefabricated block and Gr–Al composites are observed in detail, which shows that the graphite maintains a good integrity and arranges uniformly in aluminum alloy. Besides, the result shows the formation of a tightly adhered interface between the side surfaces of the graphite and aluminum alloy matrix, and no detrimental Al4C3 phase is found. Thermal properties of Gr–Al composites are researched perpendicularly to the pressing direction. Thermal conductivity increases from 282 to 398 W mK−1 whereas the volume fraction of flake graphite increases from 40 to 75% in the composites, this reveals that the vacuum infiltration is a very promising method to synthesize Gr–Al composites.
Deletion 2q37 syndrome: Cognitive‐behavioral trajectories and autistic features related to breakpoint and deletion size
Authors: Fisch Gene S. , Falk Rena E. , Carey John C. , Imitola Jaime , Sederberg Maria , Caravalho Karen S. , South Sarah
Published: June 2016

Subtelomeric deletions have been reported in ∼2.5% of individuals with developmental disabilities. Subtelomeric deletion 2q37 has been detected in many individuals diagnosed with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previously, genotype–phenotype correspondences were examined for their relationship to breakpoints 37.1, 37.2, or 37.3. Our purpose was to ascertain whether there were phenotypic differences at these breakpoints, elucidate the cognitive‐behavioral phenotype in del2q37, and examine the genotype–phenotype association in the deletion with respect to cognitive‐behavioral profiles and ASD. We administered a comprehensive cognitive‐behavioral battery to nine children diagnosed with del 2q37, ages 3.9–17.75 years. ID for five tested with the Stanford–Binet (4th Edition) (SBFE) ranged from severe to mild [IQ Range: 36–59]. Adaptive behavior scores from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) were much below adequate levels (DQ Range: floor value [“19”] to 55). Autism scores from the Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS) ranged from 22 [non‐autistic] to 56 [extremely autistic]; 5/8 [63%] children received scores on the autism spectrum. Participants with the largest deletions, 10.1 and 9.5 Mb, attained the highest IQ and DQ scores while those with the smallest deletions, 7.9 and 6.6 Mb, made the lowest IQ and DQ scores. No association between deletion breakpoint and phenotype were found. Assessment of the various deleted regions suggested histone deacetylase 4 gene (HDAC4) was a likely candidate gene for ASD in our sample. However, two earlier reports found no association between HDAC4 haploinsufficiency and ASD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erweiterung des Konzeptes spezifischer Wirkstoff‐Formulierungsadditive auf nichtfluoreszierende Wirkstoffe: eine Studie zur Solubilisierung potenzieller Anti‐Alzheimer‐Wirkstoffe
Authors: Lawatscheck Carmen , Pickhardt Marcus , Wieczorek Sebastian , Grafmüller Andrea , Mandelkow Eckhard , Börner Hans G.
Published: June 2016

Maßgeschneiderte Additive für die Wirkstoff‐Formulierung ermöglichen die Testung potentieller neuer Wirkstoffe mit ungünstigen pharmakologischen Eigenschaften. Zur Identifizierung wirkstoffaffiner Peptidsequenzen wird die Verteilung eines Wirkstoffes in großen Peptidbibliotheken mittels Raman‐Mikroskopie verfolgt. Die Integration der Sequenzen in Peptid‐Polymer‐Konjugate ergibt spezifische Löslichkeitsvermittler, die prophylaktische und therapeutische Anti‐Alzheimer‐Wirkstoffe effektiv solubilisieren. Somit können maßgeschneiderte Additive nicht nur für fluoreszierende, sondern auch für nichtfluoreszierende Wirkstoffe gefunden werden.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy in Australia: Introduction to a Special Issue
Authors: Diamond Guy S. , Wagner Ingrid , Levy Suzanne A.
Published: June 2016

In Australia the movement toward evidence based practice was supported by the first National Mental Health Strategy. For mental health clinicians the shift from evaluating process to outcome measurement also brought greater focus on specific disorders and targeted interventions, raising questions about the efficacy and effectiveness of treatment. The gap between research and practice is well documented, and has engendered much debate particularly in regard to empirically supported treatments (ESTs) and the technologies to widely disseminate practice whilst supporting treatment adherence. In this paper we first, describe the Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT) model before giving consideration to the criticisms of ESTs, and reviewing the dissemination of ABFT in Australia, and the perspectives of Australian clinicians in respect to the model and its relevance to their practice. Finally, we turn to the mission of this Special Issue which is to increase the awareness of ABFT primarily amongst practicing clinicians as we introduce the selected papers that demonstrate the application of the model to a variety of clinical presentations, and clinical settings.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy for Suicidal Adolescents: A Case Study
Authors: Scott Syreeta , Diamond Guy S. , Levy Suzanne A.
Published: June 2016

Suicide is the primary cause of death in Australia for youth between the ages of 15 and 24. This is common worldwide as well. Unfortunately, very few treatments have been developed, tested, and successful for treating this difficult clinical problem. Attachment‐Based Family Therapy (ABFT) is one of the therapies demonstrating a significant decrease in suicide ideation and attempts. The effectiveness of this model may rest on the fact that ABFT targets the clinical context (e.g., family, trauma, etc.) of this problem as well as intrapsychic processes. Based on attachment theory, the model aims to help adolescents recover a more secure attachment relationship with parents so that secure‐based parenting can help protect the adolescent from future stress and self‐harm. A case study is used to demonstrate how the model unfolds, systemically seeking to repair the attachment relationships while also keeping the adolescent safe from suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy for Teen Suicidality Complicated by a History of Sexual Trauma
Authors: Winley Dara M. , Ogbaselase Feven , Kodish Tamar , Okunrounmu Elizabeth , Krauthamer Ewing E. Stephanie
Published: June 2016

This article describes the application of Attachment‐Based Family Therapy to the treatment of a 14‐year‐old female adolescent presenting with clinically significant suicide ideation complicated by a history of sexual trauma. The article begins by providing an overview of the use of attachment theory to inform treatment with this population. Then, the case study is presented to illustrate clinical application.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy for Suicidal Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents: A Case Study
Authors: Levy Suzanne A. , Russon Jody , Diamond Gary M.
Published: June 2016

The majority of sexual minority adolescents are well‐adjusted and healthy, however, on average, 28% report suicidal ideation and between 15% and 40% make a suicide attempt each year. These rates are two to seven times higher than those found among heterosexual youths. Research has shown the protective function of parental support and acceptance, as well as the deleterious effects of parental criticism, invalidation, and rejection on the mental health of sexual minority adolescents. Given these risk and protective factors, these adolescents might benefit from an intervention that targets family relationships. Toward this goal, Attachment‐Based Family Therapy (ABFT) specifically aims to improve the quality of adolescent–parent relationships. In prior treatment developmental work, ABFT was adapted and pilot tested for depressed and suicidal lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents. By adopting an evidence‐based case study format, this paper provides a case summary to illustrate how the therapy was conducted. The case study consists of a vignette, followed by therapy task descriptions and illustrative transcripts. Examples of key therapeutic moments in ABFT, for depressed and suicidal LGB adolescents, are discussed in the context of the case.
Dissemination of Attachment‐Based Family Therapy in Sweden
Authors: Ringborg Magnus
Published: June 2016

Attachment‐Based Family Therapy (ABFT) was introduced in Sweden in 2009, and has since spread widely, mainly within child and adolescent psychiatry, but also to some social family services. ABFT is now mentioned in clinical guidelines for the treatment of depression and suicidality in Sweden. Many therapists report successes with the model after relatively short training. Training and research efforts are presented. Difficulties in implementation of the method are examined as therapist, process, and context issues. A number of small clinical research studies have been published and are presented.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy Between Magritte and Poirot: Dissemination Dreams, Challenges, and Solutions in Belgium
Authors: Santens Tara , Devacht Ilse , Dewulf Steven , Hermans Gust , Bosmans Guy
Published: June 2016

Attachment‐Based Family Therapy (ABFT) was introduced into Belgium in 2009. Since then, three home‐based services (Child Welfare System) and one inpatient young adult psychiatric unit (Mental Health Care System) have implemented ABFT as a treatment model. Although financial and organisational barriers exist, preliminary data suggest that ABFT can be successfully implemented in Belgium and yields promising results. ABFT appeals to counsellors and therapists who receive training. Future dissemination will be facilitated by the establishment of a new ABFT training centre in Belgium.
Understanding of intermolecular interaction in PVDF/PTW blends: Crystallization behavior, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Lu Jiajun , Bai Huiyu , Wang Wei , Zhang Shengwen , Wang Jinyuan , Zhang Yong , Liu Xiaoya
Published: June 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/ poly(ethylene–butylacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate) (PTW) blends were directly prepared by melt blending and the interaction and properties of PVDF/PTW blends were explored systematically. The crystallization behavior, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical property, and morphological features of PVDF/PTW blends with different ratios have been studied by XRD, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter analysis (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis, and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results showed that the crystalline structure of neat PVDF was dominantly α‐phase crystalline and the incorporation of PTW had no effect on the crystalline structure of PVDF in the PVDF/PTW blends. And Tg of PVDF in PVDF/PTW blends shifted to higher temperature compared with that of neat PVDF, indicating the weak interaction between PVDF and PTW, which was corresponding to DSC and TGA results. An increase in the coarseness and ring‐band spacing observed from POM further substantiated the weak interaction between PVDF and PTW. This work provided a way for preparing improved properties of PVDF/PTW blends for the coating material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43908.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Phenoxyquinoline Derivatives Containing Benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐yl Urea as c‐Met Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Lei Hongrui , Hu Gang , Wang Yu , Han Pei , Liu Zijian , Zhao Yanfang , Gong Ping
Published: June 2016

A series of novel 4‐phenoxyquinoline derivatives containing the benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐yl urea moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the HT‐29, MKN‐45, and H460 cell lines. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS spectra. Most of them showed moderate to excellent potency against the three tested cell lines. Especially, compound 23 was identified a promising agent (c‐Met IC50 = 17.6 nM), showing the most potent anticancer activities with IC50 values of 0.18, 0.06, and 0.01 µM against the HT‐29, MKN‐45, and H460 cell lines, respectively. The docking results of 23 with the c‐Met kinase model 3LQ8 showed a specific binding mode between the ligand and the target protein.
Ultrasound imaging in medical student education: Impact on learning anatomy and physical diagnosis
Authors: So Sokpoleak , Patel Rita M. , Orebaugh Steven L.
Published: June 2016

Ultrasound use has expanded dramatically among the medical specialties for diagnostic and interventional purposes, due to its affordability, portability, and practicality. This imaging modality, which permits real‐time visualization of anatomic structures and relationships in vivo, holds potential for pre‐clinical instruction of students in anatomy and physical diagnosis, as well as providing a bridge to the eventual use of bedside ultrasound by clinicians to assess patients and guide invasive procedures. In many studies, but not all, improved understanding of anatomy has been demonstrated, and in others, improved accuracy in selected aspects of physical diagnosis is evident. Most students have expressed a highly favorable impression of this technology for anatomy education when surveyed. Logistic issues or obstacles to the integration of ultrasound imaging into anatomy teaching appear to be readily overcome. The enthusiasm of students and anatomists for teaching with ultrasound has led to widespread implementation of ultrasound‐based teaching initiatives in medical schools the world over, including some with integration throughout the entire curriculum; a trend that likely will continue to grow. Anat Sci Educ 10: 176–189. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
Epigenetic marks as the link between environment and development: examination of the associations between attachment, socioeconomic status, and methylation of the SLC6A4 gene
Authors: Jones‐Mason Karen , Allen Isabel Elaine , Bush Nicole , Hamilton Steve
Published: June 2016

Background

Epigenetic processes act as a link between environment and individual development. This pilot study examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES), attachment, and methylation of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4).

Methods

Attachment classification and SLC6A4 methylation was determined in 100 late adolescents. We hypothesized that (1) SES would interact with methylation to predict higher unresolved loss (UL) or trauma scores on the Adult Attachment Interview; (2) across SES, participants with unresolved attachment would have lower levels of methylation than organized or secure participants; and (3) within the unresolved classification, SES would predict methylation.

Results

Results showed that lower methylation and low‐SES were associated with higher UL, and higher methylation and low‐SES were associated with higher unresolved trauma. Across SES, unresolved participants had lower levels of methylation than organized participants. Within the unresolved category, low‐SES unresolved participants had higher levels of methylation than mid/upper‐SES participants. SES was unrelated to methylation within the secure and organized categories.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the quality of attachment relationships may impact epigenetic processes.
Acute complete uterine inversion after controlled cord traction of placenta following vaginal delivery: a case report
Authors: Poon Shi Sum , Chean Chung Shen , Barclay Philip , Soltan Adel
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical Message

Early recognition and active management of the third stage of labor will reduce the risks associated with uterine inversion. All staff members in the maternal unit should be updated with Green‐Top guidelines No. 52 and be appropriately trained in the PROMPT course to provide a standardized approach in obstetric emergencies.
Reactivity Studies on a Diazadiphosphapentalene
Authors: Cui Jingjing , Li Yongxin , Ganguly Rakesh , Kinjo Rei
Published: June 2016

The reactivity of diazadiphosphapentalene 1 towards various substrates was investigated. Reaction of 1 with ammonia–borane resulted in transfer hydrogenolysis concomitantly with the cleavage of a P−N bond. By treatment of 1 with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), oxidation took place at one of the phosphorus atoms of 1, and a PV/PIII mixed‐valence derivative was isolated. At the same time, it was demonstrated that only one of the phosphorus atoms in 1 behaves as an electron donor for electrophiles and Lewis acids. The former afforded an intramolecularly coordinated phosphine‐phosphenium species, whereas the latter demonstrates the ligand property of 1. UV irradiation induced rearrangement of 1 into another example of another diazadiphosphapentalene.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Li Haoquan , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2016

A benign and efficient palladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction of allylic alcohols is presented. The generality of this novel process is demonstrated by the synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated amides including aliphatic, cinnamyl, and terpene derivatives. The choice of ligand is crucial for optimal carbonylation processes: Whereas in most cases the combination of PdCl2 with Xantphos (L6) gave best results, sterically hindered substrates performed better in the presence of simple triphenylphosphine (L10), and primary anilines gave the best results using cataCXium® PCy (L8). The reactivity of the respective catalyst system is significantly enhanced by addition of small amounts of water. Mechanistic studies and control experiments revealed a tandem allylic alcohol amination/C−N bond carbonylation reaction sequence.
Synthesis, Structure, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of Triple‐ and Quadruple‐Decker Co‐facial Tetrathiafulvalene Arrays
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Nakamura Ken‐ichi , Tokunaga Saki , Baba Yumi , Shiba Ryota , Shirahata Takashi , Mazaki Yasuhiro , Misaki Yohji
Published: June 2016

Understanding the details of the electronic structure in face‐to‐face arranged tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) is very important for the design of supramolecular functional materials and superior conductive organic materials. This article is a comprehensive study of the interactions among columnar stacked TTFs using trimeric (trimer) and tetrameric (tetramer) TTFs linked by alkylenedithio groups (‐S(CH2)nS‐, n=1–4) as models of triple‐ and quadruple‐decker TTF arrays. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses of neutral trimeric TTFs revealed that the three TTF moieties are oriented in a zigzag arrangement. Cyclic voltammetry measurements (CV) reveal that the trimer and tetramer exhibited diverse reversible redox processes with multi‐electron transfers, depending on the length of the ‐S(CH2)nS‐ units and substituents. The electronic spectra of the radical cations, prepared by electrochemical oxidation, showed charge resonance (CR) bands in the NIR/IR region (1630–1850 nm), attributed to a mixed valence (MV) state of the triple‐ and quadruple‐decker TTF arrays. In the trimeric systems, the dicationic state (+2; 0.66 cation per TTF unit) was found to be a stable state, whereas the monocationic state (+1) was not observed in the electronic spectra. In the tetrameric system, substituent‐dependent redox processes were observed. Moreover, π‐trimers and π‐tetramers, which show a significant Davydov blueshift in the spectra, are formed in the tricationic (trimer) and tetracationic (tetramer) state. In addition, these attractive interactions are strongly dependent on the length of the linkage unit.
Development of Simplified Heterocyclic Acetogenin Analogues as Potent and Selective Trypanosoma brucei Inhibitors
Authors: Florence Gordon J. , Fraser Andrew L. , Gould Eoin R. , King Elizabeth F. , Menzies Stefanie K. , Morris Joanne C. , Thomson Marie I. , Tulloch Lindsay B. , Zacharova Marija K. , Smith Terry K.
Published: June 2016

Neglected tropical diseases caused by parasitic infections are an ongoing and increasing concern. They are a burden to human and animal health, having the most devastating effect on the world′s poorest countries. Building upon our previously reported triazole analogues, in this study we describe the synthesis and biological testing of other novel heterocyclic acetogenin‐inspired derivatives, namely 3,5‐isoxazoles, furoxans, and furazans. Several of these compounds maintain low‐micromolar levels of inhibition against Trypanosoma brucei, whilst having no observable inhibitory effect on mammalian cells, leading to the possibility of novel lead compounds for selective treatment.
Measurement of Enzyme Activities and Optimization of Continuous and Discontinuous Assays
Authors: Bénard Camille , Gibon Yves
Published: June 2016

The measurement of enzyme activities represents an important step towards the understanding of biological networks. Continuous or discontinuous assays can be used, as well as highly sensitive assays, depending on the abundance of the enzymes under study. To exemplify such methods, two protocols for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity (EC 4.1.1.31) in plant extracts are given. For this, an extraction protocol is also described. Then, an optimization protocol for enzyme assays using enzymatic, chemical, or biological standards is proposed. This protocol evaluates in one run the optimal extract dilution, the recovery of a standard, and the technical error in a given matrix. The interest of using biological standard in routine measurements is highlighted. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Soybean (Glycine max) Mutant and Germplasm Resources: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Campbell Benjamin W. , Stupar Robert M.
Published: June 2016

Genetic bottlenecks during domestication and modern breeding limited the genetic diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Therefore, expanding and diversifying soybean genetic resources is a major priority for the research community. These resources, consisting of natural and induced genetic variants, are valuable tools for improving soybean and furthering soybean biological knowledge. During the twentieth century, researchers gathered a wealth of genetic variation in the forms of landraces, Glycine soja accessions, Glycine tertiary germplasm, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Type and Isoline Collections. During the twenty‐first century, soybean researchers have added several new genetic and genomic resources. These include the reference genome sequence, genotype data for the USDA soybean germplasm collection, next‐generation mapping populations, new irradiation and transposon‐based mutagenesis populations, and designer nuclease platforms for genome engineering. This paper briefly surveys the publicly accessible soybean genetic resources currently available or in development and provides recommendations for developing such genetic resources in the future. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.