bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Carbon Dot‐Delivered RNA Nano Fungicides as Superior Tools to Control Phytophthora Pathogens through Plant RdRP1 Mediated Spray‐Induced Gene Silencing
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Li Yu , Zhang Borui , Gao Xiang , Shi Mengru , Zhang Sicong , Zhong Shan , Zheng Yang , Liu Xili
Published: March 2023

Spray‐induced gene silencing (SIGS) represents an attractive avenue for plant protection, but limited uptake efficiency of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) has restricted its application against the notorious oomycetes, Phytophthora. To control Phytophthora, dsRNAs targeting two essential genes in Phytophthora are screened for their ability to partially decrease Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) infection and fecundity. To further facilitate SIGS for Phytophthora control, functionalized carbon dots (CDs) are complexed with the screened dsRNAs (dsRNA‐CDs) through electrostatic interaction. dsRNA‐CDs significantly enhanced the control efficacy of dsRNA against Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora sojae, and both the wild‐type and fungicide‐resistant P. capsici. The synergism is based on enhancing dsRNA stability and internalization. Dual treatment with dsRNA‐CDs and the corresponding fungicide reduced the amount of fungicide required to achieve the same protective effect by 90%. Plant RdRP1 is the main effector in processing various lengths of small RNAs to induce translation inhibition in Phytophthora. Notably, here the first application of a nano‐delivery system to improve the effect of SIGS against Phytophthora pathogens is reported. Moreover, the elucidation of how CD facilitates dsRNA internalization in recipient cell and the molecular mechanism of SIGS can benefit the application of dsRNA‐CDs in other plant‐pathogen pathosystems through improving dsRNA bioactivity and reducing chemical fungicides application.
Illuminating Trap Density Trends in Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors with Ultrabroadband Photoconduction
Authors: Mattson George W. , Vogt Kyle T. , Wager John F. , Graham Matt W.
Published: March 2023

Under varying growth and device processing conditions, ultrabroadband photoconduction (UBPC) reveals strongly evolving trends in the defect density of states (DoS) for amorphous oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Spanning the wide bandgap of amorphous InGaZnOx(a‐IGZO), UBPC identifies seven oxygen deep donor vacancy peaks that are independently confirmed by energetically matching to photoluminescence emission peaks. The subgap DoS from 15 different types of a‐IGZO TFTs all yield similar DoS, except only back‐channel etch TFTs can have a deep acceptor peak seen at 2.2 eV below the conduction band mobility edge. This deep acceptor is likely a zinc vacancy, evidenced by trap density which becomes 5‐6× larger when TFT wet‐etch methods are employed. Certain DoS peaks are strongly enhanced for TFTs with active channel processing damage caused from plasma exposure. While Ar implantation and He plasma processing damage are similar, Ar plasma yields more disorder showing a ≈2 × larger valence‐band Urbach energy, and two orders of magnitude increase in the deep oxygen vacancy trap density. Changing the growth conditions of a‐IGZO also impacts the DoS, with zinc‐rich TFTs showing much poorer electrical performance compared to 1:1:1 molar ratio a‐IGZO TFTs owing to the former having a ∼10 × larger oxygen vacancy trap density. Finally, hydrogen is found to behave as a donor in amorphous indium tin gallium zinc oxide TFTs.
A Z‐Scheme Heterojunctional Photocatalyst Engineered with Spatially Separated Dual Redox Sites for Selective CO2 Reduction with Water: Insight by In Situ µs‐Transient Absorption Spectra
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhang Ziqing , Bian Ji , Bai Fuquan , Su Hengwei , Li Zhijun , Xie Jijia , Xu Rongping , Sun Jianhui , Bai Linlu , Chen Cailing , Han Yu , Tang Junwang , Jing Liqiang
Published: March 2023

Solar‐driven CO2 reduction by water with a Z‐scheme heterojunction affords an avenue to access energy storage and to alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet the separation of charge carriers and the integrative regulation of water oxidation and CO2 activation sites remain challenging. Here, a BiVO4/g‐C3N4 (BVO/CN) Z‐scheme heterojunction as such a prototype is constructed by spatially separated dual sites with CoOx clusters and imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) toward CO2 photoreduction. The optimized CoOx‐BVO/CN‐IL delivers an ≈80‐fold CO production rate without H2 evolution compared with urea‐C3N4 counterpart, together with nearly stoichiometric O2 gas produced. Experimental results and DFT calculations unveil the cascade Z‐scheme charge transfer and subsequently the prominent redox co‐catalysis by CoOx and IL for holes‐H2O oxidation and electrons‐CO2 reduction, respectively. Moreover, in situ µs‐transient absorption spectra clearly show the function of each cocatalyst and quantitatively reveal that the resulting CoOx‐BVO/CN‐IL reaches up to the electron transfer efficiency of 36.4% for CO2 reduction, far beyond those for BVO/CN (4.0%) and urea‐CN (0.8%), underlining an exceptional synergy of dual reaction sites engineering. This work provides deep insights and guidelines for the rational design of highly efficient Z‐scheme heterojunctions with precise redox catalytic sites toward solar fuel production.
Synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted Benzofuran via HNTf2/TMSOTf Catalyzed Intermolecular Reaction of o‐alkenyl phenols and Aldehydes
Authors: Tan Jingyao , Wang Rui , Xu Li , Wu Wenli , Deng Meijia , Yuan Wanhong , Li Li , Lin Zhihua
Published: March 2023

The synthetic methods of 2,3‐disubstituted benzofurans have been widely studied, however, the maneuvers of using o‐alkenyl phenols as starting materials are less explored. Herein, we report a general and efficient strategy via HNTf2/TMSOTf catalyzed cascade reaction with readily available o‐alkenyl phenols and aldehydes as starting materials, which provides 2,3‐disubstituted benzofuran derivatives in moderate to good yields. This method features metal‐free circumstances, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and easy scale preparation.

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Depilatory double‐disc mouse model for evaluation of vesicant dermal injury pharmacotherapy countermeasures
Authors: Roldan Tomas L. , Li Shike , Laskin Jeffrey D. , Gao Dayuan , Sinko Patrick J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare vesicant that severely injures exposed eyes, lungs, and skin. Mechlorethamine hydrochloride (NM) is widely used as an SM surrogate. This study aimed to develop a depilatory double‐disc (DDD) NM skin burn model for investigating vesicant pharmacotherapy countermeasures.

Methods

Hair removal method (clipping only versus clipping followed by a depilatory), the effect of acetone in the vesicant administration vehicle, NM dose (0.5–20 μmol), vehicle volume (5–20 μl), and time course (0.5–21 days) were investigated using male and female CD‐1 mice. Edema, an indicator of burn response, was assessed by biopsy skin weight. The ideal NM dose to induce partial‐thickness burns was assessed by edema and histopathologic evaluation. The optimized DDD model was validated using an established reagent, NDH‐4338, a cyclooxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor prodrug.

Results

Clipping/depilatory resulted in a 5‐fold higher skin edematous response and was highly reproducible (18‐fold lower %CV) compared to clipping alone. Acetone did not affect edema formation. Peak edema occurred 24–48 h after NM administration using optimized dosing methods and volume. Ideal partial‐thickness burns were achieved with 5 μmol of NM and responded to treatment with NDH‐4338. No differences in burn edematous responses were observed between males and females.

Conclusion

A highly reproducible and sensitive partial‐thickness skin burn model was developed for assessing vesicant pharmacotherapy countermeasures. This model provides clinically relevant wound severity and eliminates the need for organic solvents that induce changes to the skin barrier function.
Imaging Amyloid‐β Membrane Interactions: Ion‐Channel Pores and Lipid‐Bilayer Permeability in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Viles John H.
Published: March 2023

The accumulation of the amyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) is central to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism by which Aβ triggers a cascade of events that leads to dementia is a topic of intense investigation. Aβ self‐associates into a series of complex assemblies with different structural and biophysical properties. It is the interaction of these oligomeric, protofibril and fibrillar assemblies with lipid membranes, or with membrane receptors, that results in membrane permeability and loss of cellular homeostasis, a key event in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Aβ can have an array of impacts on lipid membranes, reports have included: a carpeting effect; a detergent effect; and Aβ ion‐channel pore formation. Recent advances imaging these interactions are providing a clearer picture of Aβ induced membrane disruption. Understanding the relationship between different Aβ structures and membrane permeability will inform therapeutics targeting Aβ cytotoxicity.
Multimodale Analyse lichtinduzierter Wasseroxidation in nanoporösen Blockcopolymer‐Membranen**
Authors: Kund Julian , Kruse Jan‐Hendrik , Gruber Andreas , Trentin Ivan , Langer Marcel , Read Clarissa , Neusser Gregor , Blaimer Dominik , Rupp Ulrich , Streb Carsten , Leopold Kerstin , Schacher Felix H. , Kranz Christine
Published: March 2023

Die heterogene lichtgetriebene Katalyse ist ein Eckpfeiler nachhaltiger Energieumwandlung. Die meisten katalytischen Studien konzentrieren sich auf die Analyse von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff, wobei in der Regel über die Gesamtantwort gemittelt wird, und somit eine Korrelation von Heterogenitäten der Matrix mit unterschiedlichen molekularen Aktivitäten limitiert ist. Hier berichten wir von Untersuchungen eines heterogenisierten Katalysator‐Photosensibilisator‐Systems, bei dem ein Polyoxometalat‐Katalysator zur Wasseroxidation und ein molekularer Modell‐Photosensibilisator gemeinsam in einer nanoporösen Blockcopolymer‐Membran immobilisiert wurden. Mittels elektrochemischer Rastersondenmikroskopie (SECM) wurde die lichtinduzierte Sauerstoffentwicklung mit Natriumperoxodisulfat (Na2S2O8) als Opferelektronenakzeptor an den modifizierten Blockcopolymer‐Membranen lokal bestimmt. Ex situ elementspezifische Analysen erzielten räumlich Informationen über die lokale Konzentration und Verteilung der molekularen Komponenten. Untersuchungen der modifizierten Membranen mittels abgeschwächter Infrarot‐Totalreflexion (IR‐ATR) zeigten keinen Abbau des Wasseroxidationskatalysators unter den beschriebenen lichtinduzierten Bedingungen.
Inverse CO2/C2H2 Separation with MFU‐4 and Selectivity Reversal via Postsynthetic Ligand Exchange
Authors: Liu Qiao , Cho Sung Gu , Hilliard Jordon , Wang Ting‐Yuan , Chien Szu‐Chia , Lin Li‐Chiang , Co Anne C. , Wade Casey R.
Published: March 2023

Although many porous materials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have been reported to selectively adsorb C2H2 in C2H2/CO2 separation processes, CO2‐selective sorbents are much less common. Here, we report the remarkable performance of MFU‐4 (Zn5Cl4(bbta)3, bbta=benzo‐1,2,4,5‐bistriazolate) toward inverse CO2/C2H2 separation. The MOF facilitates kinetic separation of CO2 from C2H2, enabling the generation of high purity C2H2 (>98 %) with good productivity in dynamic breakthrough experiments. Adsorption kinetics measurements and computational studies show C2H2 is excluded from MFU‐4 by narrow pore windows formed by Zn−Cl groups. Postsynthetic F−/Cl− ligand exchange was used to synthesize an analogue (MFU‐4‐F) with expanded pore apertures, resulting in equilibrium C2H2/CO2 separation with reversed selectivity compared to MFU‐4. MFU‐4‐F also exhibits a remarkably high C2H2 adsorption capacity (6.7 mmol g−1), allowing fuel grade C2H2 (98 % purity) to be harvested from C2H2/CO2 mixtures by room temperature desorption.
Photokatalytische Ringöffnung von Methylencyclobutanen zur Synthese von γ,δ‐ungesättigten Aldehyden
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhao Chunhang , Ma Chanchan , Cai Zhenzhi , Trienes Sven , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2023

Radikalische Additionsreaktionen an Olefine haben sich als eine zunehmend leistungsfähige Strategie für die Synthese von difunktionalisierten Verbindungen entwickelt. Trotz signifikanter Fortschritte sind die bekannten Methoden weitgehend auf zwei Ansätze beschränkt, welche entweder die 1,2‐Difunktionalisierung von Alkenen oder die distale Funktionalisierung mittels Wasserstoffatomtransfer (HAT) verfolgen. In dieser Arbeit wird nun die photoinduzierte Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff (C−C)‐Aktivierung/Ringöffnung als ein anderer Ansatz beschrieben, welcher Zugang zu γ,δ‐ungesättigten Aldehyden aus Methylencyclobutanolen und Sulfonylchloriden unter Freisetzung der Ringspannungsenergie ermöglicht. Bemerkenswerterweise konnte das Sulfonyl‐Motiv der erhaltenen Produkte durch einen weiteren photokatalytischen Prozess leicht entfernt werden, was den effizienten Aufbau des Naturprodukts Alatanon A ermöglichte. Die synthetische Anwendbarkeit unseres Ansatzes spiegelte sich außerdem in der hohen Toleranz gegenüber vielfältigen funktionellen Gruppen und damit großen Anwendungsbreite sowie der Skalierbarkeit der Reaktion wider. Die Photokatalyse stellt eine konzeptionell eigenständige Alternative zu bestehenden Ansätzen für die distale 1,4‐Difunktionalisierung dar, welche die Doppelbindung in den so erhaltenen Produkten beibehält.
Circumcoronenes
Authors: Zou Ya , Hou Xudong , Wei Haipeng , Shao Jiawei , Jiang Qing , Ren Longbin , Wu Jishan
Published: March 2023

Circumcoronene, a hexagonal graphene fragment with six zigzag edges, has been the focus of theoretical studies for many years, but its synthesis in solution has remained a challenge. In this study, we present a facile method for synthesizing three derivatives of circumcoronene using Brønsted/Lewis acid‐mediated cyclization of vinyl ether or alkyne. Their structures were confirmed through X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Bond length analysis, NMR measurement, and theoretical calculations showed that circumcoronene mostly follows Clar's bonding model and exhibits dominant local aromaticity. Its absorption and emission spectra are similar to those of the smaller hexagonal coronene due to its six‐fold symmetry.
In Situ Synthesis of AIEgen‐based Porous Organic Polymer Films by Interfacial Amino‐yne Click Polymerization for Efficient Light‐Harvesting
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Liang , Sun Jianwei , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2023

We developed a catalyst‐free, atom‐economical interfacial amino‐yne click polymerization to in situ synthesize new aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)‐based free‐standing porous organic polymer films at room temperature. The crystalline properties of POP films were confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The good porosity of these POP films was proved by their N2uptake experiments. The thickness of POP films can be easily regulated from 16 nm to ≈1 μm by adjusting monomer concentration. More importantly, these AIEgen‐based POP films show bright luminescence with high absolute photoluminescent quantum yields up to 37.8 % and good chemical and thermal stability. The AIEgen‐based POP film can encapsulate an organic dye (e.g., Nile red) to further form an artificial light‐harvesting system with a large red‐shift (Δλ=141 nm), highly efficient energy‐transfer ability (ΦET=91 %), and high antenna effect (11.3).
Photocatalytic C−C Cleavage of Methylenecyclobutanes for γ,δ‐Unsaturated Aldehydes by Strain Release
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhao Chunhang , Ma Chanchan , Cai Zhenzhi , Trienes Sven , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2023

Radical additions onto olefins have surfaced as an increasingly powerful strategy for the synthesis of difunctionalized scaffolds. However, despite of major advances, known approaches continue to be largely limited to two manifolds, namely 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkenes and remote difunctionalization via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Herein, we describe a mechanistically distinct approach by photoinduced carbon‐carbon (C−C) activation/ring‐opening to access γ,δ‐unsaturated aldehydes from methylenecyclobutanols and sulfonyl chlorides by strain release. Remarkably, the sulfonyl motif on the products was easily removed by another photocatalytic process, which enabled the concise assembly of the natural product alatanone A. The synthetic utility of our approach was reflected by versatile functional group tolerance, ample substrate scope, and scalability. The photocatalysis represents a conceptually distinct alternative to existing approaches for remote 1,4‐diversifications, with a double bond remaining in the thus obtained products.
Selective Preparation of Phosphorus Mononitride (P≡N) from Phosphinoazide and Reversible Oxidation to Phosphinonitrene
Authors: Qian Weiyu , Wende Raffael C. , Schreiner Peter R. , Mardyukov Artur
Published: March 2023

The interstellar candidate phosphorus mononitride PN, a metastable species, was generated through high‐vacuum flash pyrolysis of (o‐phenyldioxyl)phosphinoazide in cryogenic matrices. Although the PN stretching band was not directly detected because of its low infrared intensity and possible overlaps with other strong bands, o‐benzoquinone, carbon monoxide, and cyclopentadienone as additional fragmentation products were clearly identified. Moreover, an elusive o‐benzoquinone‐PN complex formed when (o‐phenyldioxyl)phosphinoazide was exposed to UV irradiation at λ=254 nm. Its recombination to (o‐phenyldioxyl)‐λ5‐phosphinonitrile was observed upon irradiation with the light at λ=523 nm, which demonstrates for the first time the reactivity of PN towards an organic molecule. Energy profile computations at the B3LYP/def2‐TZVP density functional theory level reveal a concerted mechanism. To provide further evidence, UV/Vis spectra of the precursor and the irradiation products were recorded and agree well with time‐dependent DFT computations.
Des Moines Water Works: Collaborating to Restore and Protect Source Water
Authors: Corrigan Ted , Terry Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Key Takeaways

Des Moines Water Works’ (DMWW's) source water faces significant water quality challenges from decades of agricultural nutrient pollution in Iowa.

Lackluster results in regulating nutrient pollution, along with population growth and effects of climate change, add urgency to DMWW's drive to improve source water quality.

To protect its source water, DMWW has collaborated with groups outside of its typical scope, building relationships with those who have the same values and vision.
The Future of Reverse Osmosis Optimization, Part 2: Advanced Forensics
Authors: Alspach Brent , Abada Bilal , Chellam Shankar
Published: March 2023

Key Takeaways

The expanding use of reverse osmosis (RO) in water treatment beyond desalination is benefiting from improved methods and technologies.

Conventional RO membrane autopsies are conducted to identify causes of membrane fouling, assess membrane condition, and determine ways to address challenges.

Advanced membrane forensics aid in broadening RO applications, ensure system effectiveness, and can result in cost savings by extending membrane element life.
Intercalation Reaction of Molybdenum Trioxide Cathode for Rechargeable Ion Batteries
Authors: Sheng Dawei , Liu Xiaoxu , Zhang Qiang , Yi Haozhe , Wang Xuanzhang , Fu Shufang , Zhou Sheng , Shen Jiaguo , Gao Ang
Published: March 2023

Based on the intercalation reaction, molybdenum trioxide has become an attractive cathode material for rechargeable ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and layered structure. This review summarizes the recent research progress of molybdenum trioxide‐based cathode in non‐aqueous lithium, magnesium, calcium‐ion batteries, aqueous zinc, hydrogen, and aluminum‐ion batteries, focusing on the energy storage mechanism, existing problems, and optimization strategies in rechargeable ion batteries. Finally, the perspectives about challenges and future further development directions of molybdenum trioxide cathode in electrochemical energy storage are proposed. This review will comprehensively summarize molybdenum trioxide as a cathode in rechargeable ion batteries and clarify its practical application prospects for sustainable development.
Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide
Authors: AbdulHussein Ali Hamid , Al‐Taee Muataz Mohammed , Radih Zahra Abdul , Aljuboory Dhuha Salman , Mohammed Zainab Qasim , Hashesh Tabarak Sami , Riadi Yassine , Hadrawi Salema K. , Najafi Masoud
Published: March 2023

Drug resistance is a hot topic issue in cancer research and therapy. Although cancer therapy including radiotherapy and anti‐cancer drugs can kill malignant cells within the tumor, cancer cells can develop a wide range of mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of anti‐cancer agents. Cancer cells may provide some mechanisms to resist oxidative stress and escape from apoptosis and attack by the immune system. Furthermore, cancer cells may resist senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death by modulating several critical genes. The development of these mechanisms leads to resistance to anti‐cancer drugs and also radiotherapy. Resistance to therapy can increase mortality and reduce survival following cancer therapy. Thus, overcoming mechanisms of resistance to cell death in malignant cells can facilitate tumor elimination and increase the efficiency of anti‐cancer therapy. Natural‐derived molecules are intriguing agents that may be suggested to be used as an adjuvant in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to therapy with at least side effects. This paper aims to review the potential of triptolide for inducing various types of cell death in cancer cells. We review the induction or resistance to different cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagic cell death, senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis following the administration of triptolide. We also review the safety and future perspectives for triptolide and its derivatives in experimental and human studies. The anticancer potential of triptolide and its derivatives may make them effective adjuvants for enhancing tumor suppression in combination with anticancer therapy.
Advances and prospects of drug clinical research in colorectal cancer in 2022
Authors: Su Dan , Liu Chao , Cui Jie , Tang Jiebing , Ruan Yuli , Zhang Yanqiao
Published: March 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Clinical research results have provided more treatment opportunities for CRC patients, showing that an optimal combination of existing drugs and new drugs is needed to mitigate the burden of this disease. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in drug clinical research for CRC in 2022, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to find opportunities for substantial improvements in drug discovery and clinical development methods.
Characterization and treatment of thoracic duct obstruction in patients with lymphatic flow disorders
Authors: Srinivasan Abhay , Smith Chris , Krishnamurthy Ganesh , Escobar Fernando , Biko David , Dori Yoav
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The contribution of thoracic duct obstruction to lymphatic flow disorders has not been well‐characterized. We describe imaging findings, interventions, and outcomes in patients with suspected duct obstruction by imaging or a lympho‐venous pressure gradient (LVPG).

Materials and Methods

Clinical, imaging, and interventional data, including the LVPG, of patients with flow disorders and imaging features of duct obstruction who underwent lymphatic intervention were retrospectively reviewed, collated, and analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Results

Eleven patients were found to have obstruction, median age 10.4 years (interquartile range: 8–14.9 years). Pleural effusions were seen in 8/11 (72%), ascites in 8/11 (72%), both in 5/11 (45%), and protein‐losing enteropathy in 5 (45%). Eight patients (72%) had congenital heart disease. The most common site of obstruction was at the duct outlet in 7/11 patients (64%). Obstruction was secondary to extrinsic compression or ligation 4 patients (36%). Nine patients (82%) underwent interventions, with balloon dilation in 7/9 (78%), massive lymphatic malformation drainage and sclerotherapy in 1, and lympho‐venous anastomosis in 1. There was resolution of symptoms in 7/9 (78% who underwent intervention, with worsening in 1 patient and no change in 1. In these patients, preprocedure mean LVPG was 7.9 ± 5.7 mmHg and postprocedure gradient was 1.6 ± 1.9 mmHg (p = 0.014). Five patients in this series underwent intervention solely to alleviate duct obstruction and in 4/5 (80%) this led to resolution of symptoms (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Duct obstruction may be seen in lymphatic flow disorders and can occur from intrinsic and extrinsic causes. Stenosis at the outlet was most common. Obstruction can be demonstrated by an elevated LVPG, and interventions to alleviate the obstruction can be beneficial.
Light‐Triggered Reversible Open‐Close Motion of a Chiral Molecular Plier to Modulate Guest Binding
Authors: Sahoo Diptiprava , Majeed Muhsin Abdul , Lathwal Aarti , De Soumen
Published: March 2023

A chiral molecular plier's design, synthesis, characterisation and operations are presented. The molecular plier encompasses three units: a BINOL unit which acts as a pivot as well as a chiral inducer, an azobenzene unit, which acts as a photo‐switchable component and two zinc porphyrin, acting as a reporter. E to Z isomerisation persuaded by irradiating with 370 nm light alters the dihedral angle of the pivot BINOL unit, which adjusts the distance between two porphyrin units. The plier can be switched to its initial state by exposure to 456 nm light or heating at 50 °C. NMR, CD and molecular modelling supported the reversible switching and change in dihedral angle and distance between reporter moiety, which was further exploited for binding with several ditopic guests. The longest guest was found to form the strongest complex, R,R‐isomer formed a stronger complex than S,S‐isomer, Z‐isomer of the plier formed stronger complex than the E‐isomer with the guest. Moreover, complexation also increased the E‐to‐Z switching efficiency and decreased the thermal back isomerisation of the azobenzene unit.
Wide‐Temperature Flexible Supercapacitor from an Organohydrogel Electrolyte and Its Combined Electrode
Authors: Qian Yuzhen , Yu Yang , Wu Wenna , Fan Qi , Chai Chunxiao , Hao Jingcheng
Published: March 2023

Hydrogel‐based flexible supercapacitors possess the merits of highly ionic conductivity and superior power density, but the existence of water limits their application in extreme temperature scenarios. Noticeably, it is a challenge for people to design more extremely temperature adaptable systems for flexible supercapacitors based on hydrogels with a wide temperature region. In this work, a wide‐temperature flexible supercapacitor that can operate at −20–80 °C was fabricated by an organohydrogel electrolyte and its combined electrode (also known as an electrode/electrolyte composite). Upon introducing highly hydratable LiCl into an ethylene glycol (EG)/H2O binary solvent, owing to the ionic hydration effect of LiCl and the hydrogen bond interaction between EG and H2O molecules, the organohydrogel electrolyte exhibits satisfactory resistance to freezing (freezing point of −113.9 °C), anti‐drying capability (78.2 % of weight retention after vacuum drying at 60 °C for 12 h) and excellent ionic conductivity both at room temperature (13.9 mS cm−1) and low temperature (6.5 mS cm−1 after 31 days at −20 °C). By using organohydrogel electrolyte as binder, the prepared electrode/electrolyte composite effectively reduces interface impedance and enhances specific capacitance due to the uninterrupted ion transport channels and extended interface contact area. The assembled supercapacitor delivers a specific capacitance of 149 F g−1, a power density of 160 W kg−1, and an energy density of 13.24 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. The initial 100 % capacitance can be maintained after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. More importantly, the specific capacitances can be well maintained even at −20 and 80 °C. With other advantages such as excellent mechanical property, the supercapacitor is an ideal power source suitable for various working conditions.
The Adsorptive Separation of Ethylene from C2Hydrocarbons by Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Xie Wenpeng , Yang Lingzhi , Zhang Jun , Zhao Xuebo
Published: March 2023

Separating ethylene (C2H4) from the C2hydrocarbons is of prime industrial importance for the process of high‐purity C2H4as an essential raw material in the petrochemical industry. Due to their similar physicochemical properties, the separation of C2H4from the C2hydrocarbons typically entails high‐energy separation technologies such as cryogenic distillation and extraction. Alternatively, adsorption separation using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are low‐energy separation technologies that manufacture high‐purity gas under mild conditions. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in MOFs for the separation and purification of C2H4from the C2hydrocarbons. The mechanisms underlying separating C2H4from the C2hydrocarbons using MOFs are also highlighted. This review also discussed the major challenges and developments of MOFs to separate C2H4from the C2hydrocarbons.
Highly Chemoselective Synthesis of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Rui , Li Jiacheng , Rao Chitturi Bhujanga , Ye Xuebei , Dong Dewen
Published: March 2023

A facile and efficient synthesis of polysubstituted indoles fromα‐arylamino‐β‐hydroxy‐2‐enamides,α‐arylamino‐β‐oxo‐amides, or their tautomeric mixture via electrophilic activation strategy is described. The salient feature of this methodology is the use of either combined Hendrickson reagent and triflic anhydride (Tf2O) or triflic acid (TfOH) to control the chemoselectivity in the intramolecular cyclodehydration to provide a predictable approach to these valuable indoles with flexible substituent patterns. Moreover, the mild reaction conditions, simple execution, high chemoselectivity, excellent yields, and wide range of synthetic potential of products make this protocol much attractive for academic research and practical applications.
Extraction Technologies at ACHEMA 2022
Authors: Palmtag Andreas , Schröder Christian , Zhai Song , Jupke Andreas
Published: March 2023

At the ACHEMA 2022, extraction technology was well represented by exhibitors from industry and academia. While industrial exhibitors focused primarily on incremental improvements of existing technologies such as optimized internals, academic exhibitors presented innovative extractive processes and state‐of‐the‐art technologies including machine learning. Some selected innovations and developments are briefly described in this contribution.
Organic Molecules‐Assisted Engineering of Ultrafine Iridium Nanoclusters with In‐Situ N,O‐Coordination for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gao Chen , Wang Weiwen , Mu Shengdong , Zhu Huang , Yang Xing , Yang Chengdong , Cao Sujiao , Li Shuang , Wang Yinghan , Cheng Chong
Published: March 2023

Iridium (Ir)‐based catalysts are displaying increasingly vital roles in the production of hydrogen that represents one kind of ideally clean and renewable energy substituting fossil fuels. Although great efforts have been devoted in recent years, the fabrication of Ir catalysts with adequate mass/atomic activity and stability is still a long‐term goal, impeded by the aggregation of the active site and the adverse reconstruction under working conditions. To overcome these obstacles, we report an organic molecular‐assisted synthetic method for ultrafine iridium nanoclusters to synthesize with in situ heteroatoms coordination (N, O, S, both N, and O) for efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis. The optimized Ir−N−O exhibits the turnover frequency (TOF) @25 mV of 7.64 s−1 and mass activity of 5.30 A mg−1, approximately 12 times higher than those of Ir/C. Moreover, a 16‐fold enhancement compared with Ir−PC (without any heteroatom) both in TOF and mass activity can be achieved from Ir−N−O. Experimental results indicate that the ultrafine particle size and manipulated electronic state that results from N and O co‐doping are beneficial to the prominent HER performance and enhanced kinetics.
A machine learning low‐dropout regulator‐assisted differential power analysis attack countermeasure with voltage scaling
Authors: Cheng Jiafeng , Liu Wenrui , Sun Nengyuan , Peng Zhaokang , Sun Caiban , Wang Chunyang , Bi Yijian , Wen Yiming , Zhang Hongliu , Zhang Pengcheng , Yu Weize
Published: March 2023

False key‐controlled aggressive voltage scaling (FKCAVS) technique is a lightweight and effective leakage power analysis (LPA) attack countermeasure. However, the regular FKCAVS technique may not be utilized as a countermeasure against differential power analysis (DPA) attacks unconditionally. The primary reason is that the working frequency of DPA attacks is significantly higher than the corresponding frequency of LPA attacks. Thus, it is difficult to make the speed of voltage scaling keep pace with the speed of DPA attacks by employing the regular FKCAVS technique. In this paper, a fast FKCAVS technique is proposed to maximize the security of a cryptographic circuit (CC) against DPA attacks while minimizing the corresponding overhead by embedding a machine learning low‐dropout (LDO) regulator (MLLR). As shown in the result, by deploying the proposed FKCAVS technique, the measurement‐to‐disclose (MTD) value against DPA attacks is maintained over 1 million with less than 17.4% power/area overhead.
Selective carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors based around a functionalized coumarin scaffold
Authors: Huwaimel Bader I. , Jonnalagadda Sravan K. , Jonnalagadda Shirisha , Kumari Shikha , Nocentini Alessio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Trippier Paul C.
Published: March 2023

Inhibition of specific carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes is a validated strategy for the development of agents to target cancer. The CA isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in various human solid tumors wherein they play a critical role in regulating extracellular tumor acidification, proliferation, and progression. A series of novel sulfonamides based on the coumarin scaffold were designed, synthesized and characterized as potent and selective CA inhibitors. Selected compounds show significant activity and selectivity over CA I and CA II to target the tumor‐associated CA IX and CA XII with high inhibition activity at the single digit nanomolar level. Twelve compounds were identified to be more potent compared with acetazolamide (AAZ) control to inhibit CA IX while one was also more potent than AAZ to inhibit CA XII. Compound 18f (Ki's = 955 nM, 515 nM, 21 nM and 5 nM for CA's I, II, IX, and XII, respectively) is highlighted as a novel CA IX and XII inhibitor for further development.
Size‐based changes in trophic ecology and nutritional quality of moon jellyfish (Aurelia labiata)
Authors: Schaub Jessica , McLaskey Anna K. , Forster Ian , Hunt Brian P. V.
Published: March 2023

Despite their seemingly watery constitution, jellyfish are eaten by a diverse range of predators. However, while the role of jellyfish in marine food webs is gaining attention, the nutritional value of these gelatinous organisms and how it varies remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to connect jellyfish food web biology and nutrition by determining the relationship between jellyfish size, diet, and nutritional quality. We measured stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of particulate organic matter (POM), plankton size classes, and gelatinous zooplankton collected from a coastal site in British Columbia, Canada, in July and September 2019. Gelatinous zooplankton comprised 152 Aurelia labiata collected across both months (bell diameters = 19–225 mm), and 2 Aequorea victoria and approximately 30 Pleurobrachia bachei collected in July for comparison. According to FA trophic markers and chlorophyll a concentrations, the POM was a mix of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, bacteria, and detritus. According to δ15N, POM was ~1 trophic level lower than plankton. All gelatinous zooplankton had low FA content (5–6 μg/mg dry mass) compared with zooplankton (43–65 μg/mg dry mass). A Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) was used to assess the contributions of POM and plankton to A. labiata diet, which demonstrated a size‐based shift from 40% plankton at 19 mm to 70%–75% at 225 mm. Similarly, both δ13C and δ15N increased with size and A. labiata of 19 mm were ~1 trophic level lower than A. labiata of 225 mm. We also documented size‐based changes in nutritional quality of A. labiata, where C:N decreased with A. labiata size, and essential FAs arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased with size while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) did not change. A. labiata were elevated in ARA compared with other zooplankton, ranging from 1% to 9%. The changes in C:N and DHA of A. labiata with size mirrored the changes in their diet, but changes in ARA and EPA did not. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of considering jellyfish size and taxonomy when evaluating nutritional pathways through jellyfish in marine food webs, and support that diet is one important driver of jellyfish biochemical composition.
Copper and Nickel Complexes of Oxamate−Phenol Containing Ligands: A Structural Dichotomy in Oxidized Species
Authors: Wang Guanqi , Moreau Yohann , Berthiol Florian , Philouze Christian , Jarjayes Olivier , Thomas Fabrice
Published: March 2023

The copper and nickel complexes of two tetradentate ligands derived from bis(aminophenol) and bis(phenol) architectures connected by an oxamate linker were isolated. Depending on the metal and ligand, the complex is isolated with either an intact (deprotonated) ligand (12−), one‐electron oxidized ligand (2−) or quinone form (3). Surprisingly, the Mannich base is easier to oxidize than the amidophenol derivatives. The complexes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, UV‐Vis‐NIR and EPR spectroscopies. Complex 1 shows two reversible oxidation waves assigned to the successive iminosemiquinone/aminophenolate redox systems. Complex 2− shows an intense NIR feature, as well as an EPR signal at giso=2.043, consistent with a metallic contribution to the main ligand radical SOMO. Complex 3 shows the typical feature of an isolated Cu(II) complex. Spectro‐electrochemistry coupled to DFT calculations demonstrate a ligand‐centered oxidative redox chemistry for all the complexes.
Visible Light Promoted Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Arylimino‐2H‐Chromenes from 2‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols and β‐ Ketothioamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Waheed Mohd , Alsharif Meshari A. , Issa Alahmdi Mohammed , Mukhtar Sayeed , Parveen Humaira
Published: March 2023

An efficient, environmentally benign and one‐pot approach for the synthesis of 2‐arylimino‐2H‐chromenes from 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols and β‐ketothioamides at room temperature under visible light has been developed. The reported reaction conditions were favorable for a wide range of β‐ketothioamides afforded good to excellent yields of the respective products. The low cost and air stable Knölker iron catalyst has been employed for the dehydrogenation of 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols under photolysis that would usually require a higher temperature.
Demand side management and size optimization for an integrated renewable energy system considering deferrable loads
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Singh H.P. , Viral Rajkumar , Anwer Naqui
Published: March 2023

With the emergence of various technologies in renewable energy sources (RESs), consumers nowadays have led to multiple techniques for integrating various resources. An optimum energy flow management delivers an effective, reliable integrated renewable energy system (IRES) with higher efficiency. In this paper, an optimum model for the IRES is designed through the optimal sizing of system components for an estimated demand. Using integer linear programming, an energy management scheme has been developed based upon scheduling of energy utilization technique of deferrable loads. The considered approach is modeled to reduce the peak energy utilization (hourly) of the area of study through the consumption scheduling of machines. Furthermore, the MHP‐solar‐wind‐battery‐based IRES with energy Management strategy has been optimized in MATLAB. Size optimization of the system has been done without and with the energy management strategy using improved harmony search algorithm. The results show a significant improvement in the cost and savings using the strategy. Considering the 5% LPSP, the optimum size for the integrated system offers a total annualized cost of INR 3.21 million with a levelized cost of energy of 4.5 INR/kWh. The comparison of proposed method with PSO shows the better convergence rate of the system. Comparing systems with and without energy management, it has been noted that with a strategy, systems size and expenditures are reduced significantly.
A practical synthesis of 8‐methyldecanal
Authors: Dong Xinhao , Zheng Hua , Li Dan , Hu Qunzhi , Guo Peiyong , Liu Tiancheng , Gu Yun , Tan Yafei
Published: March 2023

8‐methyldecanal is a characteristic ingredient of Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica), and has found important applications in flavour and fragrance industry. A novel and practical preparation method of 8‐methyldecanal is presented. Starting from cheap and readily available 6‐chloro‐1‐hexanol, 8‐methyldecanal was prepared in five steps with an overall yield of 50.7%.
Research on three kinds of splitting finite element schemes for 2D/3D unsteady incompressible thermomicropolar fluid equations
Authors: Ren Yuhang , Liu Demin
Published: March 2023

In this article, three kinds of splitting finite element schemes are proposed for the 2D/3D unsteady incompressible thermomicropolar fluid equations, which are named as the standard splitting scheme, the consistent splitting schemes (I and II) and the splitting Oseen scheme. The unconditionally energy stable of all the schemes and error estimation of the standard splitting scheme are proved. Furthermore, numerical experiments are carried out on the last two kinds of schemes based on different selection of finite element pairs, numerical results show that the presented schemes are reliable, especially some not inf‐sup stable finite element pairs can also be applied for the consistent splitting scheme II. In addition, for moderate Reynolds number problems, the splitting Oseen scheme exhibit the better performance of numerical stability than the consistent splitting schemes.
Curcumin effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review
Authors: Safari Saeid , Davoodi Poorya , Soltani Afsaneh , Fadavipour Mohammadreza , Rezaeian AhmadReza , Heydari Fateme , Khazeei Tabari Mohammad Amin , Akhlaghdoust Meisam
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease of the lungs known as the third reason for death worldwide. Frequent COPD exacerbations compel health care workers to apply interventions that are not adverse effect free. Accordingly, adding or replacing Curcumin, a natural meal flavoring, may indicate advantages in this era by its antiproliferative and anti‐inflammatory effects.

Methods

The PRISMA checklist was employed for the systematic review study. On June 3, 2022, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies associated with COPD and Curcumin in the last 10 years. Duplicate or non‐English publications and articles with irrelevant titles and abstracts were excluded. Also, preprints, reviews, short communications, editorials, letters to the editor, comments, conference abstracts, and conference papers were not included.

Results

Overall, 4288 publications were found eligible, after the screening, 9 articles were finally included. Among them, one, four, and four in vitro, in vivo, and both in vivo and in vitro research exist respectively. According to the investigations, Curcumin can inhibit alveolar epithelial thickness and proliferation, lessen the inflammatory response, remodel the airway, produce ROS, alleviate airway inflammation, hinder emphysema and prevent ischemic complications.

Conclusion

Consequently, the findings of the current review demonstrate that Curcumin's modulatory effects on oxidative stress, cell viability, and gene expression could be helpful in COPD management. However, for data confirmation, further randomized clinical trials are required.
In‐vivo evaluations of bone regenerative potential of two novel bioactive glasses
Authors: Anesi A. , Ferretti M. , Salvatori R. , Bellucci D. , Cavani F. , Di Bartolomeo M. , Palumbo C. , Cannillo V.
Published: March 2023

Due to the aging of population, materials able to repair damaged tissues are needed. Among others, bioactive glasses (BGs) have attracted a lot of interest due to their outstanding properties both for hard and soft tissues. Here, for the first time, two new BGs, which gave very promising results in preliminary in vitro‐tests, were implanted in animals in order to evaluate their regenerative potential. The new BGs, named BGMS10 and Bio_MS and containing specific therapeutic ions, were produced in granules and implanted in rabbits' femurs for up to 60 days, to test their biocompatibility and osteoconduction. Additionally, granules of 45S5 Bioglass® were employed and used as a standard reference for comparison. The results showed that, after 30 days, the two novel BGs and 45S5 displayed a similar behavior, in terms of bone amount, thickness of new bone trabeculae and affinity index. On the contrary, after 60 days, 45S5 granules were mainly surrounded by wide and scattered bone trabeculae, separated by large amounts of soft tissue, while in BGMS10 and Bio_MS the trabeculae were thin and uniformly distributed around the BG granules. This latter scenario could be considered as more advantageous, since the features of the two novel BG granules allowed for the neo‐formation of a uniformly distributed bony trabeculae, predictive of more favorable mechanical behavior, compared to the less uniform coarse trabeculae, separated by large areas of soft tissue in 45S5 granules. Thus, BGMS10 and Bio_MS could be considered suitable products for tissue regeneration in the orthopedic and dental fields.
Updates on LI‐RADS Treatment Response Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focusing on MRI
Authors: Patel Richa , Aslam Anum , Parikh Neehar D. , Mervak Benjamin , Mubarak Eman , Higgins Lily , Lala Kayli , Conner Jack F. , Khaykin Valerie , Bashir Mustafa , Do Richard Kinh Gian , Burke Lauren M. B. , Smith Elainea N. , Kim Charles Y. , Shampain Kimberly L. , Owen Dawn , Mendiratta‐Lala Mishal
Published: March 2023

As the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and subsequent treatments with liver‐directed therapies rise, the complexity of assessing lesion response has also increased. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (LI‐RADS) treatment response algorithm (LI‐RADS TRA) was created to standardize the assessment of response after locoregional therapy (LRT) on contrast‐enhanced CT or MRI. Originally created based on expert opinion, these guidelines are currently undergoing revision based on emerging evidence. While many studies support the use of LR‐TRA for evaluation of HCC response after thermal ablation and intra‐arterial embolic therapy, data suggest a need for refinements to improve assessment after radiation therapy. In this manuscript, we review expected MR imaging findings after different forms of LRT, clarify how to apply the current LI‐RADS TRA by type of LRT, explore emerging literature on LI‐RADS TRA, and highlight future updates to the algorithm.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.