СПОР О ВЕРЕ В КНИГЕ "УВЕТ ДУХОВНЫЙ" АФАНАСИЯ ХОЛМОГОРСКОГО
Authors: Т.В. ПАНИЧ 
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности отображения в книге Афанасия Холмогорского «Увет духовный» одного из эпизодов в истории Русской Православной Церкви - Спора о вере между ее иерархами и старообрядцами, состоявшегося 5 июля 1682 г. в Грановитой палате московского Кремля. Описание прений входит в состав введения книги, представляющего важную часть ее композиционной и смысловой структуры. В результате анализа данного текста определяется специфика авторской интерпретации событий, выявляются приемы и средства их описания и оценки старообрядческого движения. Анализируется центральный эпизод прений - конфликт Никиты Добрынина с Афанасием Холмогорским - в сопоставлении с другими сочинениями, освещающими Спор о вере. Показано влияние текста «Увета духовного» на сочинения современников автора книги.

«The Dispute about Faith» between church hierarchs and Old Believers, which took place on July 5, 1682 in the Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin, is one of the brightest and most dramatic episodes in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church. The event was reflected in the polemical and publicistic book «Spiritual Admonition» («Uvet dukhovnyy»), written by the dispute participant Afanasy Kholmogorsky on behalf of Patriarch Joachim. The book was published in September, 1682. The description of the Dispute about faith is included in the introduction of the book, which represents an important part of its compositional and semantic structure. The purpose of the article is to reveal how the Dispute about faith was represented in the book «Spiritual Admonition». Recreating the picture of the events that took place on the eve and during the dispute, Afanasy Kholmogorsky applied certain compositional techniques for constructing the text, employed a number of imaginative means from the arsenal of poetics of traditional bookishness. Using rhetorical techniques, vivid images and metaphors, the writer eloquently expressed his attitude to the events that took place, depicted the situation in Moscow that developed as a result of Old Believers’ actions, gave his assessment to the defenders of the «old faith». The author of «Spiritual Admonition» managed to give the reader an idea of how events unfolded, the intensity of the Old Believers’ movement gradually increased and the Dispute about faith became a moment of its highest tension. The scene of a collision between Nikita Dobrynin and Archbishop Afanasy Kholmogorsky is a central episode of the dispute. This episode was reflected in several writings of the contemporaries of the author of «Spiritual Admonition», which covered the events of the Moscow Time of Troubles of 1682. Based on the comparison of the episode of the collision between Afanasy Kholmogorsky and Nikita Dobrynin in «Spiritual Admonition» with the description of this event in the writings of their contemporaries, a different approach of the authors to its representation is noted. The text of «Spiritual Admonition», describing the events of the Old Believers’ revolt and the Dispute about faith, had a direct or indirect influence on some works of the author’s contemporaries («Brief Contemplation» («Sozertsanie kratkoe») by Sylvester Medvedev, «Siberian Epistles» by Ignatius Rimsky-Korsakov, «Notes» by A. A. Matveev). This indicates that the authors of these works appreciated the text of «Spiritual Admonition» and perceived it as reliable eyewitness testimony.