bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal blood pressure by birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal age: a systematic review
Authors: Dore Rhys , Barnes Katy , Bremner Stephen , Iwami Hiroko Ishii , Apele-Freimane Dina , Batton Beau , Dempsey Eugene , Ergenekon Ebru , Klein Agnes , Pesco-Koplowitz Luana , Dionne Janis M. , Rabe Heike
Published: May 2024

Background

Blood pressure is a vital hemodynamic marker during the neonatal period. However, normative values are often derived from small observational studies. Understanding the normative range would help to identify ideal thresholds for intervention to treat hypotension or hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess observed blood pressure values in neonates who have not received any blood-pressure modifying treatments from birth to three months postnatal age and whether these vary according to birth weight, gestational age and postnatal age.

Methods

This was a systematic review. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL from 1946 to 2017 on blood pressure in neonates from birth to 3 months of age (PROSPERO ID CRD42018092886). Unpublished data were included where appropriate.

Results

Of 3,587 non-duplicate publications identified, 30 were included (one unpublished study). Twelve studies contained data grouped by birth weight, while 23 contained data grouped by gestational age. Study and clinical heterogeneity precluded meta-analyses thus results are presented by subgroup. A consistent blood pressure rise was associated with increasing birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal age. In addition, blood pressure seemed to rise more rapidly in the most preterm and low birth weight neonates.

Conclusion

Despite blood pressure increasing with birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal age, there was marked blood pressure variability observed throughout. To better define hypotension and hypertension, future studies should develop consistent approaches for factors related to blood pressure variability, including the method and timing of measurement as well as statistical control of relevant patient characteristics.
The use of high-frequency data in cryptocurrency research: a meta-review of literature with bibliometric analysis
Authors: Anas Muhammad , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Yarovaya Larisa
Published: May 2024

As the crypto-asset ecosystem matures, the use of high-frequency data has become increasingly common in decentralized finance literature. Using bibliometric analysis, we characterize the existing cryptocurrency literature that employs high-frequency data. We highlighted the most influential authors, articles, and journals based on 189 articles from the Scopus database from 2015 to 2022. This approach enables us to identify emerging trends and research hotspots with the aid of co-citation and cartographic analyses. It shows knowledge expansion through authors’ collaboration in cryptocurrency research with co-authorship analysis. We identify four major streams of research: (i) return prediction and measurement of cryptocurrency volatility, (ii) (in)efficiency of cryptocurrencies, (iii) price dynamics and bubbles in cryptocurrencies, and (iv) the diversification, safe haven, and hedging properties of Bitcoin. We conclude that highly traded cryptocurrencies’ investment features and economic outcomes are analyzed predominantly on a tick-by-tick basis. This study also provides recommendations for future studies.
Combined physical training protects the left ventricle from structural and functional damages in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Leite Luciano Bernardes , Soares Leôncio Lopes , Portes Alexandre Martins Oliveira , Soares Thayana Inácia , da Silva Bruna Aparecida Fonseca , Dias Taís Rodrigues , Costa Sebastião Felipe Ferreira , Guimarães-Ervilha Luiz Otávio , Assis Mirian Quintão , Lavorato Victor Neiva , da Silva Albená Nunes , Machado-Neves Mariana , Reis Emily Correna Carlo , Natali Antônio José
Published: May 2024

Background

Under the adverse remodeling of the right ventricle and interventricular septum in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) the left ventricle (LV) dynamics is impaired. Despite the benefits of combined aerobic and resistance physical trainings to individuals with PAH, its impact on the LV is not fully understood.

Objective

To test whether moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of PAH induced by MCT in rats is beneficial to the LV’s structure and function.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sedentary Hypertensive Survival (SHS, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive Survival (EHS, n = 7) to test survival. To investigate the effects of combined physical training, another group of rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary Control (SC, n = 7); Sedentary Hypertensive (SH, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive (EH, n = 7). PAH was induced through an intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). Echocardiographic evaluations were conducted on the 22nd day after MCT administration. Animals in the EHS and EH groups participated in a combined physical training program, alternating aerobic (treadmill running: 50 min, 60% maximum running speed) and resistance (ladder climbing: 15 climbs with 1 min interval, 60% maximum carrying load) exercises, one session/day, 5 days/week for approximately 4 weeks.

Results

The physical training increased survival and tolerance to aerobic (i.e., maximum running speed) and resistance (i.e., maximum carrying load) exertions and prevented reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, the physical training mitigated oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD and MDA) and inhibited adverse LV remodeling (i.e., Collagen, extracellular matrix, and cell dimensions). Moreover, the physical training preserved the amplitude and velocity of contraction and hindered the reductions in the amplitude and velocity of the intracellular Ca2+ transient in LV single myocytes.

Conclusion

Moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of MCT-induced PAH in rats protects their LV from damages to its structure and function and hence increases their tolerance to physical exertion and prolongs their survival.
Ready, set, co(produce): a co-operative inquiry into co-producing research to explore adolescent health and wellbeing in the Born in Bradford Age of Wonder project
Authors: Ryan David , Nutting Hannah , Parekh Chloe , Crookes Suzie , Southgate Lauren , Caines Kenzie , Dear Phoebe , John Abel , Rehman Muhammed Adnan , Davidson Dawn , Abid Usayd , Davidson Lewis , Shire Katy A. , McEachan Rosemary R. C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Co-production of research with communities and stakeholders is recognised as best practice, but despite this, transparent reporting and reflective accounts on co-producing research is lacking. Born in Bradford Age of Wonder (AoW) is a large longitudinal health research project, following the health trajectories of up to 30,000 young people across the Bradford district; moreover, AoW has been entirely co-produced with teachers, parents, and young people. This paper describes the co-production of the Born in Bradford Age of Wonder (AoW) project and shares general reflections on co-production from peer researchers involved in co-producing AoW.

Methods

A co-operative inquiry (CI) approach was used to gather written reflections on co-production from ten peer researchers (one teacher, one parent, eight young people) involved in co-producing the AoW project. Written reflections were collected and rough “themes” were identified using thematic analysis.

Results

Four key ‘themes’ were identified: (1) promoting young people’s voice and views (2) identifying impacts of co-production, (3) fostering a collaborative ethos, and (4) suggested improvements to the co-production work in AoW. Peer researchers’ reflections highlighted how co-production can positively impact research projects such as AoW, whilst also holding broader benefits including giving young people a voice, facilitating their personal development, and fostering a collaborative ethos both within AoW and with partner organisations. Suggested improvements to AoW co-production included supporting greater numbers of young people and researchers to engage in co-production, organising more regular sessions, and establishing clearer communication channels.

Conclusions

Peer researchers’ reflections highlight positive impacts of engaging in co-production, both for research projects (including AoW) and for peer researchers’ personal and professional development. That said, continued efforts are needed in AoW to meet young people’s needs and interests, maintain trusting relationships, and foster sustained growth of co-production efforts within and beyond the AoW project. Evaluation of AoW co-production, along with wider partnership building are key to these efforts.
Effect of chemical penetration enhancers on the transdermal delivery of olanzapine in human skin in vitro
Authors: Virani Amitkumar , Dholaria Nirali , Mohd Hana , Albayati Nubul , Michniak-Kohn Bozena
Published: May 2024

This research study involves the development of an olanzapine (OLZ) formulation using various chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) for transdermal delivery. The aim of this study was to obtain the initial data needed about the effects of various CPEs on the skin permeation of OLZ. The effects of the selected CPEs were examined by studying the permeation profiles of OLZ from formulations applied to human cadaver skin samples. A control formulation of OLZ in propylene glycol (PG) was prepared and compared against formulations containing chemical penetration enhancers. Five different CPEs (oleic acid (OA), cineole (Cin), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tween 80 (T80), and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)) at 5% w/w were individually added to the formulation containing OLZ in PG. The in vitro permeation study was carried out using vertical Franz diffusion cells mounted with human cadaver skin. Samples from the receptor compartment of the cell were collected at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h at room temperature. The amount (µg/cm2) of permeated drug (OLZ) was measured using a validated HPLC method, and the percentage (%) of OLZ permeated was calculated. Based on the data obtained, different CPEs were found to have a significant impact on OLZ permeability compared to the control formulation. The most effective chemical penetration enhancer was shown to be 5% w/w OA with a 3.3-fold increase in enhancement ratio (ER). The rank of order for the highest concentration of OLZ permeated from each of CPE containing formulation was as follows: OA > Cin > IPA > T80 > NMP. The most effective chemical penetration enhancer was OA but the cytotoxic study using human fibroblast cells suggests that OA may not be safe due to its cytotoxic effects.
Introduction to this special section: Rock physics
Authors: Louis Laurent , Dautriat Jeremie , Baechle Gregor
Published: May 2024

As a means of interpreting subsurface geophysical and petrophysical data in terms of engineering reservoir properties, the discipline of rock physics has been central to delivering value for an ever-growing pool of underground energy applications. As the industry looks in new directions, from the sequestration of carbon dioxide to the production and storage of geothermal heat and hydrogen, many new challenges arise that position rock physics as a major enabler to a new sustainable energy portfolio. Delivering on that promise will in part necessitate the ingenuity and dedication of a new generation of rock physicists as skilled in the understanding of fundamental chemo-physical processes at play as they are in the astute use of modern digital tools. But as with any great project, foundation comes first, and long-recognized challenges that have already prompted decades of rock physics modeling efforts still require our attention if we are to succeed in these new endeavors.
Overcoming Gassmann's equation limitations in reservoir rocks
Authors: Allo Fabien , Vernik Lev
Published: May 2024

Velocities of low-frequency seismic waves and, in most rocks, sonic logging waves depend on the compressibility of the undrained rock, which is conventionally computed from the drained rock compressibility using Gassmann's equation. Although more comprehensive and accurate alternatives exist, the simplicity of the equation has made it the preferred fluid substitution model for geoscience applications. In line with recent publications, we show that Gassmann's equation strictly applies only to rocks with a microhomogeneous void space microstructure that is devoid of cracks and microcracks. We use a rock physics model that separates the respective compliance contributions of pores and cracks on dry (drained) moduli and show that Gassmann's model does not apply to rocks with measurable crack density. A fourth independent bulk modulus (in addition to the bulk moduli of the mineral matrix, dry frame, and saturating fluid) is required to take the effect of cracks into account and perform fluid substitution modeling for rocks with pores and cracks more accurately than prescribed by Gassmann's equation. Therefore, we propose combining the Vernik-Kachanov model with Brown-Korringa's equation for more reliable modeling of undrained bulk compressibility for reservoir rocks with measurable crack density. To conclude, a practical quantification of the applicability of Gassmann's equation based on the combined effects of crack density and stress sensitivity is proposed.
The old and new of fluid indicators: An overview and application
Authors: Farfour Mohammed , Russell Brian
Published: May 2024

Over the past decades, numerous fluid indicators have been introduced and proven to be sensitive to hydrocarbon presence. Mathematically, fluid indicators measure the deviation of hydrocarbon-saturated rocks from their background in a specific domain or space. The ideal indicator is defined as an attribute that responds to hydrocarbon presence only; at shale- or brine-saturated intervals, it shows weak or no noticeable variation. In this paper, we collect and review several common fluid indicators used in the oil industry. The collection includes common reflectivity-based indicators and impedance-based indicators from the late 1980s to present. We present an overview of these fluid indicators, their past and current uses, their limitations, and their integration using machine learning. We examine these indicators on 35 data samples collected from different world basins and analyze their performance using recent data analysis techniques. We then apply the attributes on real seismic data from offshore Australia and test their ability to detect hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs. In closing, we invoke machine learning approaches to combine the attributes and produce a fluid probability attribute.
Seismic Soundoff: Strengthening diversity in the geosciences
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: May 2024

In this episode, Isaac Crumbly shares the journey of the Cooperative Developmental Energy Program (known as CDEP) at Fort Valley State University. The program is designed to pave the way for African American students to join the energy industry. Crumbly challenges the geophysics community to embrace the perspectives of under-represented individuals and support the journey toward a more inclusive industry.
Prediction of Individual Disease Progression Including Parameter Uncertainty in Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Example of Autosomal-Recessive Spastic Ataxia Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS)
Authors: Hendrickx Niels , Mentré France , Traschütz Andreas , Gagnon Cynthia , Schüle Rebecca ,   ARCA Study Group,   EVIDENCE-R. N. D. consortium, Synofzik Matthis , Comets Emmanuelle
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a model to predict individual subject disease trajectories including parameter uncertainty and accounting for missing data in rare neurological diseases, showcased by the ultra-rare disease Autosomal-Recessive Spastic Ataxia Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS). We modelled the change in SARA (Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia) score versus Time Since Onset of symptoms using non-linear mixed effect models for a population of 173 patients with ARSACS included in the prospective real-world multicenter Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia (ARCA) registry. We used the Multivariate Imputation Chained Equation (MICE) algorithm to impute missing covariates, and a covariate selection procedure with a pooled p-value to account for the multiply imputed data sets. We then investigated the impact of covariates and population parameter uncertainty on the prediction of the individual trajectories up to 5 years after their last visit. A four-parameter logistic function was selected. Men were estimated to have a 25% lower SARA score at disease onset and a moderately higher maximum SARA score, and time to progression (T50) was estimated to be 35% lower in patients with age of onset over 15 years. The population disease progression rate started slowly at 0.1 points per year peaking to a maximum of 0.8 points per year (at 36.8 years since onset of symptoms). The prediction intervals for SARA scores 5 years after the last visit were large (median 7.4 points, Q1-Q3: 6.4–8.5); their size was mostly driven by individual parameter uncertainty and individual disease progression rate at that time.

Graphical Abstract
Segmental Sagittal Alignment in Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Review of Evidence-Based Evaluation of Preoperative Measurement, Surgical Planning, Intraoperative Execution, and Postoperative Evaluation
Authors: Daniels Alan H. , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , McDonald Christopher L. , Singh Manjot , Knebel Ashley , Kuharski Michael J. , Daher Mohammad , Alsoof Daniel , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Diebo Bassel G.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Maintaining and restoring global and regional sagittal alignment is a well-established priority that improves patient outcomes in patients with adult spinal deformity. However, the benefit of restoring segmental (level-by-level) alignment in lumbar fusion for degenerative conditions is not widely agreed on. The purpose of this review was to summarize intraoperative techniques to achieve segmental fixation and the impact of segmental lordosis on patient-reported and surgical outcomes.

METHODS:

In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were queried for the literature reporting lumbar alignment for degenerative lumbar spinal pathology. Reports were assessed for data regarding the impact of intraoperative surgical factors on postoperative segmental sagittal alignment and patient-reported outcome measures. Included studies were further categorized into groups related to patient positioning, fusion and fixation, and interbody device (technique, material, angle, and augmentation).

RESULTS:

A total of 885 studies were screened, of which 43 met inclusion criteria examining segmental rather than regional or global alignment. Of these, 3 examined patient positioning, 8 examined fusion and fixation, 3 examined case parameters, 26 examined or compared different interbody fusion techniques, 5 examined postoperative patient-reported outcomes, and 3 examined the occurrence of adjacent segment disease. The data support a link between segmental alignment and patient positioning, surgical technique, and adjacent segment disease but have insufficient evidence to support a relationship with patient-reported outcomes, cage subsidence, or pseudoarthrosis.

CONCLUSION:

This review explores segmental correction's impact on short-segment lumbar fusion outcomes, finding the extent of correction to depend on patient positioning and choice of interbody cage. Notably, inadequate restoration of lumbar lordosis is associated with adjacent segment degeneration. Nevertheless, conclusive evidence linking segmental alignment to patient-reported outcomes, cage subsidence, or pseudoarthrosis remains limited, underscoring the need for future research.
Gene expression programs in mammalian spermatogenesis
Authors: Han Chunsheng
Published: May 2024

Mammalian spermatogenesis, probably the most complex of all cellular developmental processes, is an ideal model both for studying the specific mechanism of gametogenesis and for understanding the basic rules governing all developmental processes, as it entails both cell type-specific and housekeeping molecular processes. Spermatogenesis can be viewed as a mission with many tasks to accomplish, and its success is genetically programmed and ensured by the collaboration of a large number of genes. Here, I present an overview of mammalian spermatogenesis and the mechanisms underlying each step in the process, covering the cellular and molecular activities that occur at each developmental stage and emphasizing their gene regulation in light of recent studies.
Geometrical multiscale tortuosity of desert ant walking trajectories
Authors: Wolf Harald , Baldy Nina , Pfeffer Sarah Elisabeth , Schneider Kai
Published: May 2024

Desert ants stand out as some of the most intriguing insect navigators, having captured the attention of scientists for decades. This includes the structure of walking trajectories during goal approach and search behaviour for the nest and familiar feeding sites. In the present study, we analysed such trajectories with regard to changes in walking direction. The directional change of the ants was quantified, i.e. an angle θ between trajectory increments of a given arclength λ was computed. This was done for different length scales λ, according to our goal of analysing desert ant path characteristics with respect to length scale. First, varying λ through more than two orders of magnitude demonstrated Brownian motion characteristics typical of the random walk component of search behaviour. Unexpectedly, this random walk component was also present in – supposedly rather linear – approach trajectories. Second, there were small but notable deviations from a uniform angle distribution that is characteristic of random walks. This was true for specific search situations, mostly close to the (virtual) goal position. And third, experience with a feeder position resulted in straighter approaches and more focused searches, which was also true for nest searches, albeit to a lesser extent. Taken together, these results both verify and extend previous studies on desert ant path characteristics. Of particular interest are the ubiquitous Brownian motion signatures and specific deviations thereof close to the goal position, indicative of unexpectedly structured search behaviour.
Migrants at Sea: Unintended Consequences of Search and Rescue Operations
Authors: Deiana Claudio , Maheshri Vikram , Mastrobuoni Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Many countries are facing and resisting strong migratory pressure, fueling irregular migration. In response to mounting deaths in the Central Mediterranean, European nations intensified rescue operations in 2013. We develop a model of irregular migration to identify the effects of these operations. We find that smugglers responded by sending boats in adverse weather and utilizing flimsy rafts, thus inducing more crossings in dangerous conditions and ultimately offsetting intended safety benefits due to moral hazard. Despite the increased risk, these operations likely increased aggregate migrant welfare; nevertheless, a more successful policy should instead restrict supply of rafts and expand legal alternatives. (JEL D82, J15, J18, K37, K42)
The Indirect Fiscal Benefits of Low-Skilled Immigration
Authors: Colas Mark , Sachs Dominik
Published: May 2024

Low-skilled immigrants indirectly affect public finances through their effect on resident wages and labor supply. We operationalize this indirect fiscal effect in a model of immigration and the labor market. We derive closed-form expressions for this effect in terms of estimable statistics. An empirical quantification for the United States reveals an indirect fiscal benefit for one average low-skilled immigrant of roughly $750 annually. The indirect fiscal benefit may outweigh the negative direct fiscal effect that has previously been documented. This challenges the perception of low-skilled immigration as a fiscal burden. (JEL H24, H75, J15, J24, J61, J82)
Regulatory gaps and research waste in clinical trials involving women with metastatic breast cancer in Germany
Authors: Bruckner Till , Sanchez Daniel , Suljic Tarik , Basegmez Okan , Bvute Tungamirai Ishe , Cruz Carolina , Grzegorzek Dominic , Lizárraga-Illán Fabiola Karely , Paraskevas Themistoklis , Schuster Aminul , Velarde Mayra , Borana Ronak , Ramakrishnan Shreya
Published: May 2024

Background Non-publication, incomplete publication and excessively slow publication of clinical trial outcomes contribute to research waste and can harm patients. While research waste in German academic trials is well documented, research waste in Germany related to a specific disease area across non-commercial and commercial sponsors has not previously been assessed. Methods In this cohort study, we used public records from three clinical trial registries to identify 70 completed or terminated clinical trials involving women with metastatic breast cancer with trial sites in Germany. We then searched registries and the literature for trial outcomes and contacted sponsors about unreported studies. Results We found that 66/70 trials (94.3%) had made their results public. Only 13/70 (18.6%) trials had reported results within one year of completion as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The outcomes of 4/70 trials (5.7%) had not been made public at all, but only one of those trials had recruited a significant number of patients. Conclusions Discussions about research waste in clinical trials commonly focus on weakly designed or unreported trials. We believe that late reporting of results is another important form of research waste. In addition, a discussion regarding the appropriate ethical and legal rules for reporting the results of terminated trials might add value. German legislation now requires sponsors to upload the results of some clinical trials onto a trial registry within one year of trial completion, but these laws only cover around half of all trials. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of extending the scope of national legislation to cover all interventional clinical trials involving German patients.
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF THE PREPOSITION RADI AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN MODERN GERMAN
Authors: Narykova Natalija A. , Kryukova Inna V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. One of the important problems that arise in the process of translation from Russian into German is the adequate transmission of prepositions as connecting links of individual members of a sentence or entire independent constructions. There are a fairly large number of prepositions in modern German that differ from each other in their structure, using of cases, number of meanings and style of use.
The object of this study is the preposition ради and methods of its translation to the German. Purpose of the study: to reveal the lexical-semantic and stylistic features of the preposition ради and determine its equivalents in German. The following methods were used during the study, i.e., the analytical one, classification, comparison, observations, descriptions.
According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the preposition of the Russian language ради can also act as a postposition. It finds many equivalents in German: für, wegen, aus Gründen, meinetwegen, deinetwegen, zuliebe, seinetwillen, zugunsten, zwecks.
The choice of the German equivalent depends on the lexical-semantic meaning of the preposition, text style, communication goals.
Research materials can be used in the process of mastering the German language, in practical classes in oral speech, as well as in lexicology and translation studies.
Influence of Shear Speed on the Rheological Behavior of Chocolate
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: May 2024

This article proposes a polynomial equation and another exponential equation of the second order that describes the rheological behavior of chocolate. The second-order polynomial and exponential functions describe the non-Newtonian behavior of chocolate in the temperature range of 36 and 44°C. The rheological study of the chocolate was carried out at the shear speed of the chocolate wa between 0.1s-1 and 68s-1.
Impact of Successive Addition of Precursor in Synthesis of Copper and Silver Nanoparticles using the Tulsi Leaf Extract.
Authors: Avula Annapoorna , Jaleeli Kaleem Ahmed , Sreekanth T
Published: May 2024

Investigating the impact of successive introduction of precursor in making of silver-copper bimetallic green nanoparticles utilizing Tulsi leaf extract both as a stabilizing and reducing agent. Green synthesis methods using plants and plant-based extract are more beneficial and biodegradable than any other synthesis methods. Compared to other approaches plants generate nanoparticles which are more stable, and scaling them up is very easy. The impact of electronegativity of Ag and Cu metals on the formation and growth of these bimetallic nanoparticles has been studied. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the biosynthesized Ag-Cu nanoparticles and Cu-Ag nanoparticles
A Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Toxicity in the Vegetables Using ICP-MS and AAS
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Kachhwaha Vandana , Mishra Pallavi
Published: May 2024

Our study was conducted between January and September 2023, and aimed to evaluate the presence of toxic heavy metals in vegetables cultivated using effluent and sewage water in Jodhpur city. Eight vegetable samples were obtained from four distinct locations, and the concentrations of seven harmful heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Fe) were examined. The initial analysis employed ICP-MS, followed by determining the concentration of heavy metals in the vegetables through atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) was computed to assess pollution levels at each site. Comparative analysis of vegetable samples using both ICP-MS and AAS indicated elevated levels of lead, cadmium, and chromium pollution in vegetables from all four sites. Calculations further confirmed the contamination of the sites with toxic heavy metals. The order of metal concentration based on allowable limits was Fe>Cd>Cr>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cu. The overall order of observed heavy metal concentrations site-wise was site 4 > site 3 > site 2 > site 1. Many samples were obtained from local vendors near residential areas and community markets frequented by the public. This highlights a crucial issue of heavy metal toxicity exposure to the general population, emphasizing urgent government action, including essential restrictions and measures, to address this pressing problem.
The outcome of revision total hip arthroplasty for instability
Authors: Apinyankul Rit , Hong Cierra , Hwang Katherine L. , Burket Koltsov Jayme C. , Amanatullah Derek F. , Huddleston James I. , Maloney William J. , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Instability is a common indication for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, even after the initial revision, some patients continue to have recurrent dislocation. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for recurrent dislocation after revision THA for instability.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2019, 163 patients underwent revision THA for instability at Stanford University Medical Center. Of these, 33 (20.2%) required re-revision due to recurrent dislocation. Cox proportional hazard models, with death and re-revision surgery for periprosthetic infection as competing events, were used to analyze the risk factors, including the size and alignment of the components. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess the outcome using the Veterans RAND 12 (VR-12) physical and VR-12 mental scores, the Harris Hip Score (HHS) pain and function, and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome score for Joint Replacement (HOOS, JR).

Results

The median follow-up was 3.1 years (interquartile range 2.0 to 5.1). The one-year cumulative incidence of recurrent dislocation after revision was 8.7%, which increased to 18.8% at five years and 31.9% at ten years postoperatively. In multivariable analysis, a high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (hazard ratio (HR) 2.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 6.60)), BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2 (HR 4.31 (95% CI 1.52 to 12.27)), the use of specialized liners (HR 5.39 (95% CI 1.97 to 14.79) to 10.55 (95% CI 2.27 to 49.15)), lumbopelvic stiffness (HR 6.03 (95% CI 1.80 to 20.23)), and postoperative abductor weakness (HR 7.48 (95% CI 2.34 to 23.91)) were significant risk factors for recurrent dislocation. Increasing the size of the acetabular component by > 1 mm significantly decreased the risk of dislocation (HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.96)). The VR-12 physical and HHS (pain and function) scores improved significantly at mid term.

Conclusion

Patients requiring revision THA for instability are at risk of recurrent dislocation. Higher ASA grades, being overweight, a previous lumbopelvic fusion, the use of specialized liners, and postoperative abductor weakness are significant risk factors.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):105–111.
The incidence of subsequent hip arthroscopy after rectus-sparing periacetabular osteotomy
Authors: Anderson Lucas A. , Wylie James D. , Kapron Claire , Blackburn Brenna E. , Erickson Jill A. , Peters Christopher L.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is the preferred treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in adolescents and young adults. There remains a lack of consensus regarding whether intra-articular procedures such as labral repair or improvement of femoral offset should be performed at the time of PAO or addressed subsequent to PAO if symptoms warrant. The purpose was to determine the rate of subsequent hip arthroscopy (HA) in a contemporary cohort of patients, who underwent PAO in isolation without any intra-articular procedures.

Methods

From June 2012 to March 2022, 349 rectus-sparing PAOs were performed and followed for a minimum of one year (mean 6.2 years (1 to 11)). The mean age was 24 years (14 to 46) and 88.8% were female (n = 310). Patients were evaluated at final follow-up for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Clinical records were reviewed for complications or subsequent surgery. Radiographs were reviewed for the following acetabular parameters: lateral centre-edge angle, anterior centre-edge angle, acetabular index, and the alpha-angle (AA). Patients were cross-referenced from the two largest hospital systems in our area to determine if subsequent HA was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze risk factors for HA.

Results

A total of 16 hips (15 patients; 4.6%) underwent subsequent HA with labral repair and femoral osteochondroplasty, the most common interventions. For those with a minimum of two years of follow-up, 5.3% (n = 14) underwent subsequent HA. No hips underwent total hip arthroplasty and one revision PAO was performed. Overall, 17 hips (4.9%) experienced a complication and 99 (26.9%) underwent hardware removal. All PROMs improved significantly postoperatively. Radiologically, 80% of hips (n = 279) reached the goal for acetabular correction (77% for acetbular index and 93% for LCEA), with no significant differences between those who underwent subsequent HA and those who did not.

Conclusion

Rectus-sparing PAO is associated with a low rate of subsequent HA for intra-articular pathology at a mean of 6.2 years’ follow-up (1 to 11). Acetabular correction alone may be sufficient as the primary intervention for the majority of patients with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):17–24.
No benefit of direct anterior over posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty using dual-mobility acetabular component for femoral neck fracture
Authors: Peuchot Henri , Jacquet Christophe , Fabre-Aubrespy Maxime , Ferguson David , Ollivier Matthieu , Flecher Xavier , Argenson Jean-Noel
Published: May 2024

Aims

Dual-mobility acetabular components (DMCs) have improved total hip arthroplasty (THA) stability in femoral neck fractures (FNFs). In osteoarthritis, the direct anterior approach (DAA) has been promoted for improving early functional results compared with the posterolateral approach (PLA). The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in FNF using DMC-THA.

Methods

A prospective continuous cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing operation for FNF using DMC by DAA or PLA. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Parker score at three months and one year. Perioperative complications were recorded, and radiological component positioning evaluated.

Results

There were 50 patients in the DAA group and 54 in the PLA group. The mean HHS was 85.5 (SD 8.8) for the DAA group and 81.8 (SD 11.9) for the PLA group (p = 0.064). In all, 35 patients in the DAA group and 40 in the PLA group returned to their pre-fracture Parker score (p = 0.641) in both groups. No statistically significant differences between groups were found at one year regarding these two scores (p = 0.062 and p = 0.723, respectively). The DAA was associated with more intraoperative complications (p = 0.013). There was one dislocation in each group, and four revisions for DAA and one for PLA, but this difference was not statistically significant. There were also no significant differences regarding blood loss, length of stay, or operating time.

Conclusion

In DMC-THA for FNF, DAA did not achieve better functional results than PLA, either at three months or at one year. Moreover, DAA presented an increased risk of intra-operative complications.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):133–138.
Cup-cage constructs in revision total hip arthroplasty for pelvic discontinuity
Authors: Chaudhry Faran , Daud Anser , Greenberg Arieh , Braunstein Doris , Safir Oleg A. , Gross Allan E. , Kuzyk Paul R.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Pelvic discontinuity is a challenging acetabular defect without a consensus on surgical management. Cup-cage reconstruction is an increasingly used treatment strategy. The present study evaluated implant survival, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications associated with the cup-cage construct.

Methods

We included 53 cup-cage construct (51 patients) implants used for hip revision procedures for pelvic discontinuity between January 2003 and January 2022 in this retrospective review. Mean age at surgery was 71.8 years (50.0 to 92.0; SD 10.3), 43/53 (81.1%) were female, and mean follow-up was 6.4 years (0.02 to 20.0; SD 4.6). Patients were implanted with a Trabecular Metal Revision Shell with either a ZCA cage (n = 12) or a TMARS cage (n = 40, all Zimmer Biomet). Pelvic discontinuity was diagnosed on preoperative radiographs and/or intraoperatively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, with failure defined as revision of the cup-cage reconstruction.

Results

The five-year all-cause survival for cup-cage reconstruction was 73.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 61.4 to 85.4), while the ten- and 15-year survival was 63.7% (95% CI 46.8 to 80.6). Survival due to aseptic loosening was 93.4% (95% CI 86.2 to 100.0) at five, ten, and 15 years. The rate of revision for aseptic loosening, infection, and dislocation was 3/53 (5.7%), 7/53 (13.2%), and 6/53 (11.3%), respectively. The mean leg length discrepancy improved (p < 0.001) preoperatively from a mean of 18.2 mm (0 to 80; SD 15.8) to 7.0 mm (0 to 35; SD 9.8) at latest follow-up. The horizontal and vertical hip centres improved (p < 0.001) preoperatively from a mean of 9.2 cm (5.6 to 17.5; SD 2.3) to 10.1 cm (6.2 to 13.4; SD 2.1) and 9.3 cm (4.7 to 15.8; SD 2.5) to 8.0 cm (3.7 to 12.3; SD 1.7), respectively.

Conclusion

Cup-cage reconstruction provides acceptable outcomes in the management of pelvic discontinuity. One in four constructs undergo revision within five years, most commonly for periprosthetic joint infection, dislocation, or aseptic loosening.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):66–73.
Clinical consensus recommendations for the non-surgical treatment of children with Perthes’ disease in the UK
Authors: Galloway Adam M. , Keene David J. , Anderson Anna , Holton Colin , Redmond Anthony C. , Siddle Heidi J. , Richards Suzanne , Perry Daniel C.
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to produce clinical consensus recommendations about the non-surgical treatment of children with Perthes’ disease. The recommendations are intended to support clinical practice in a condition for which there is no robust evidence to guide optimal care.

Methods

A two-round, modified Delphi study was conducted online. An advisory group of children’s orthopaedic specialists consisting of physiotherapists, surgeons, and clinical nurse specialists designed a survey. In the first round, participants also had the opportunity to suggest new statements. The survey included statements related to ‘Exercises’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Education/information sharing’, ‘Input from other services’, and ‘Monitoring assessments’. The survey was shared with clinicians who regularly treat children with Perthes’ disease in the UK using clinically relevant specialist groups and social media. A predetermined threshold of ≥ 75% for consensus was used for recommendation, with a threshold of between 70% and 75% being considered as ‘points to consider’.

Results

A total of 40 participants took part in the first round, of whom 31 completed the second round. A total of 87 statements were generated by the advisory group and included in the first round, at the end of which 31 achieved consensus and were removed from the survey, and an additional four statements were generated. A total of 60 statements were included in the second round and 45 achieved the threshold for consensus from both rounds, with three achieving the threshold for ‘points to consider’. The recommendations predominantly included self-management, particularly relating to advice about exercise and education for children with Perthes’ disease and their families.

Conclusion

Children’s orthopaedic specialists have reached consensus on recommendations for non-surgical treatment in Perthes’ disease. These statements will support decisions made in clinical practice and act as a foundation to support clinicians in the absence of robust evidence. The dissemination of these findings and the best way of delivering this care needs careful consideration, which we will continue to explore.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):501–507.
Prognostic factors associated with failure of total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Hamoodi Zaid , Gehringer Celina K. , Bull Lucy M. , Hughes Tom , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , Sergeant Jamie C. , Watts Adam C.
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aims of this study were to identify and evaluate the current literature examining the prognostic factors which are associated with failure of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA).

Methods

Electronic literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane. All studies reporting prognostic estimates for factors associated with the revision of a primary TEA were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework. Due to low quality of the evidence and the heterogeneous nature of the studies, a narrative synthesis was used.

Results

A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, investigating 28 possible prognostic factors. Most QUIPS domains (84%) were rated as moderate to high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence was low or very low for all prognostic factors. In low-quality evidence, prognostic factors with consistent associations with failure of TEA in more than one study were: the sequelae of trauma leading to TEA, either independently or combined with acute trauma, and male sex. Several other studies investigating sex reported no association. The evidence for other factors was of very low quality and mostly involved exploratory studies.

Conclusion

The current evidence investigating the prognostic factors associated with failure of TEA is of low or very low quality, and studies generally have a moderate to high risk of bias. Prognostic factors are subject to uncertainty, should be interpreted with caution, and are of little clinical value. Higher-quality evidence is required to determine robust prognostic factors for failure of TEA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(5):201–213.
Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty improves functional outcomes, complications, and revisions
Authors: Bensa Alessandro , Sangiorgio Alessandro , Deabate Luca , Illuminati Andrea , Pompa Benedetta , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Aims

Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (R-UKA) has been proposed as an approach to improve the results of the conventional manual UKA (C-UKA). The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the studies comparing R-UKA and C-UKA in terms of clinical outcomes, radiological results, operating time, complications, and revisions.

Methods

The literature search was conducted on three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science) on 20 February 2024 according to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Inclusion criteria were comparative studies, written in the English language, with no time limitations, on the comparison of R-UKA and C-UKA. The quality of each article was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist for Measuring Quality.

Results

Among the 3,669 articles retrieved, 21 studies on 19 series of patients were included. A total of 3,074 patients (59.5% female and 40.5% male; mean age 65.2 years (SD 3.9); mean BMI 27.4 kg/m2 (SD 2.2)) were analyzed. R-UKA obtained a superior Knee Society Score improvement compared to C-UKA (mean difference (MD) 4.9; p < 0.001) and better Forgotten Joint Score postoperative values (MD 5.5; p = 0.032). The analysis of radiological outcomes did not find a statistically significant difference between the two approaches. R-UKA showed longer operating time (MD 15.6; p < 0.001), but reduced complication and revision rates compared to C-UKA (5.2% vs 10.1% and 4.1% vs 7.2%, respectively).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that the robotic approach for UKA provided a significant improvement in functional outcomes compared to the conventional manual technique. R-UKA showed similar radiological results and longer operating time, but reduced complication and revision rates compared to C-UKA. Overall, R-UKA seems to provide relevant benefits over C-UKA in the management of patients undergoing UKA.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):374–384.
Using Attention-Based Goals to Guide Pediatric Outpatient Design
Authors: Banasiak Meredith
Published: May 2024

Abstract: A trip to the doctor can be a stressful experience for children. Patient experience can be improved when healthcare settings are designed to support children's attentional states of engagement and distraction. This essay describes when to use engagement and distraction, and how these states can be supported by clinic designers, clinicians, staff, and child life specialists through aligning environmental design and technology interventions in the outpatient pediatric healthcare setting throughout the patient's healthcare journey.