bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing 2‐N‐tert‐Butylaminoxyl‐2′‐deoxyadenosines
Authors: Kurita Manami , Higuchi Yoshitaka , Mirc JW , Matsumoto Shintaro , Usui Kazuteru , Suemune Hiroshi , Aso Mariko
Published: November 2016

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 2‐N‐tert‐butylaminoxyl‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (A*) residues were synthesized to allow accurate monitoring of adenine motion by EPR spectroscopy through the agency of direct linkage of the acyclic aminoxyl group to the nucleobase, and EPR studies of the ODNs in single‐ and double‐stranded forms were performed. Upon duplex formation, peak broadening and decreases in peak height were observed in EPR spectra, and the synthesized ODNs were shown to be excellent monitors of hybridization. Comparison of peak height and the h1/h0 signal ratio provided information on the relative mobility of A* in duplexes with different stability. A second set of ODNs each containing two A* residues at different intervals and four dA residues were also synthesized. For these ODNs, correlations were observed between the EPR spectral shapes of the duplexes and the number of dA residues between A* residues, thus demonstrating the potential of A* residues in monitoring of the structures of nucleic acids.
Optimization of Caged Electrophiles for Improved Monitoring of Cysteine Reactivity in Living Cells
Authors: Abo Masahiro , Bak Daniel W. , Weerapana Eranthie
Published: November 2016

Cysteine residues play critical roles in protein function and are susceptible to numerous post‐translational modifications (PTMs) that serve to modulate the activity and localization of diverse proteins. Many of these PTMs are highly transient and labile, thus necessitating methods to study these modifications directly within the context of living cells. We previously reported a caged electrophilic probe, CBK1, that can be activated by UV for temporally controlled covalent modification of cysteine residues in living cells. To improve upon the number of cysteine residues identified in cellular cysteine‐profiling studies, the reactivity and uncaging efficiency of a panel of caged electrophiles were explored. We identified an optimized caged electrophilic probe, CIK4, that affords significantly improved coverage of cellular cysteine residues. The broader proteome coverage afforded by CIK4 renders it a useful tool for the biological investigation of cysteine‐reactivity changes and PTMs directly within living cells and highlights design elements that are critical to optimizing photoactivatable chemical probes for cellular labeling.
Acetic Acid Ketonization over Fe3O4/SiO2 for Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil Upgrading
Authors: Bennett James A. , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Isaacs Mark A. , Durndell Lee J. , Olivi Luca , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen
Published: November 2016

A family of silica‐supported, magnetite nanoparticle catalysts was synthesised and investigated for continuous‐flow acetic acid ketonisation as a model pyrolysis bio‐oil upgrading reaction. The physico‐chemical properties of Fe3O4/SiO2 catalysts were characterised by using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and porosimetry. The acid site densities were inversely proportional to the Fe3O4 particle size, although the acid strength and Lewis character were size‐invariant, and correlated with the specific activity for the vapour‐phase acetic ketonisation to acetone. A constant activation energy (∼110 kJ mol−1), turnover frequency (∼13 h−1) and selectivity to acetone of 60 % were observed for ketonisation across the catalyst series, which implies that Fe3O4 is the principal active component of Red Mud waste.
Essential Role of Electrode Materials in Electrochemiluminescence Applications
Authors: Valenti Giovanni , Fiorani Andrea , Li Haidong , Sojic Neso , Paolucci Francesco
Published: November 2016

The phenomenon of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is luminescence triggered by electrochemical reactions at electrodes. Heterogeneous electron transfers are deeply dependent on electrode materials, therefore, besides the usual parameters, the right choice of the electrode is a crucial point to address properly in order to maximize the emission efficiency. Many different electrodes have been studied, from metallic platinum or gold through transparent indium‐doped tin oxide to carbon‐based electrodes, and others, such as paper‐based and boron‐doped diamond. This review summarizes results of ECL at different electrode surfaces, disclosing the relative advantages and disadvantages, with a particular attention to the reference Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA coreactant system. In other words, we offer an insight to recognize and select the optimal electrode material for the ECL systems of interest with particular emphasis on the biosensing applications.
Fine Sampling of the R→T Quaternary‐Structure Transition of a Tetrameric Hemoglobin
Authors: Vitagliano Luigi , Mazzarella Lelio , Merlino Antonello , Vergara Alessandro
Published: November 2016

Although the end points of the functional transitions of tetrameric hemoglobins (Hbs) have been well characterized, atomic‐resolution data on R–T intermediate states are extremely limited. Herein, the X‐ray structures of two independent tetramers of the fully ligated carbomonoxy form of Trematomus newnesi hemoglobin (Hb1Tn) within the same crystal are described. These structures show peculiar features in the heme pocket, EF corner, and tertiary/quaternary structure. Distal histidine side chains have a propensity to swing out of the heme pocket and thus allow compression of the EF corner. In this rotameric state, the distal His group does not interact with the CO ligand, consistent with FTIR spectra recorded in solution. At the quaternary‐structure level, one tetramer is an intermediate R–T state, whereas the other assumes a T‐like structure. Altogether, the structures of these tetramers provide the best available atomic‐level picture of the R→T transition of vertebrate Hbs.
The Stability of α‐Hydroperoxyalkyl Radicals
Authors: Anglada Josep M. , Crehuet Ramon , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: November 2016

High‐level ab initio and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamic calculations have been carried out on a series of hydroperoxyalkyl (α‐QOOH) radicals with the aim of investigating the stability and unimolecular decomposition mechanism into QO+OH of these species. Dissociation was shown to take place through rotation of the C−O(OH) bond rather than through elongation of the CO−OH bond. Through the C−O(OH) rotation, the unpaired electron of the radical overlaps with the electron density on the O−OH bond, and from this overlap the C=O π bond forms and the O−OH bond breaks spontaneously. The CH2OOH, CH(CH3)OOH, CH(OH)OOH, and α‐hydroperoxycycloheptadienyl radical were found to decompose spontaneously, but the CH(CHO)OOH has a decomposition energy barrier of 5.95 kcal mol−1owing to its steric and electronic features. The systems studied in this work provide the first insights into how structural and electronic effects govern the stabilizing influence on elusive α‐QOOH radicals.
Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of Simple Amides: A Highly Efficient Approach from Amides to Amines and Alcohols
Authors: Shi Liyang , Tan Xuefeng , Long Jiao , Xiong Xiong , Yang Song , Xue Peng , Lv Hui , Zhang Xumu
Published: November 2016

A highly chemoselective and reactive direct catalytic reduction of various amides to amines and alcohols was developed by using a tetradentate ruthenium complex. The catalytic system showed excellent activity (turnover numbers up to 19 600) and great functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions, compared to several bidentate and tridentate ruthenium‐catalyzed systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic and Ionic Radii of Elements 1—96.
Authors: Rahm Martin , Hoffmann Roald , Ashcroft N. W.
Published: November 2016

The atomic radii obtained by relativistic all‐electron DFT calculations correlate remarkably well with van der Waals radii derived from crystal structures.
ChemInform Abstract: NdBaScO4: Aristotype of a New Family of Geometric Ferroelectrics?
Authors: Cochrane Amber K. , Telfer Michael , Dixon Charlotte A. L. , Zhang Weiguo , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Bousquet Eric , Lightfoot Philip
Published: November 2016

The compounds LnBaScO4 (Ln: Nd, Eu, Y, Yb) are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of Ln2O3 and BaCO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Calcium Dizinc Iron(III) Tris(orthophosphate), CaZn2Fe(PO4)3.
Authors: Khmiyas Jamal , Assani Abderrazzak , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: November 2016

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared by melting a dried solution of appropriate amounts of the metal nitrates in 85 wt.% H3PO4 (Pt crucible, 1283 K; cooling at a rate of 5 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Nanoparticles/Lewis Acids as Cooperative Catalysts for Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Yasukawa Tomohiro , Saito Yuuki , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: November 2016

Cooperative catalysts consisting of chiral Rh/Ag nanoparticles and Sc(OTf)3 are developed to catalyze asymmetric 1,4‐addition reactions of arylboronic acids to α,β‐unsaturated amides.The reaction is considered to be one of the most challenging reactions because of the low reactivity of the amide substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Thiourea Type Organocatalyst Possessing a Single NH Functionality.
Authors: Jovanovic Predrag , Petkovic Milos , Simic Milena , Ivkovic Branka , Savic Vladimir
Published: November 2016

The novel catalyst is designed by altering a typical H‐bonding pattern of thiourea derivatives and utilizing the potential of the bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl motif to participate in the H‐bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Arylthiofluoroalkylations of Unactivated Heteroaromatics and Alkenes.
Authors: Choi Yeojin , Yu Chunghyeon , Kim Jun Soo , Cho Eun Jin
Published: November 2016

Some products are isolated as ketone derivatives due to hydrolysis of the introduced fluoroalkyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed N‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyl (Boc) Amination by Directed C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Wippich Julian , Truchan Nadina , Bach Thorsten
Published: November 2016

A protocol is developed which allows a directed introduction of an ‐NH‐Boc group into a thiophene or benzene nucleus, attached to a pyridine or quinoline system.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Piers Hydrosilylation.
Authors: Suesse Lars , Hermeke Julia , Oestreich Martin
Published: November 2016

A new axially chiral, cyclic borane catalyst is developed for the highly enantioselective hydrosilylation of acetophenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of Novel β‐Hydroxyamide Based Catalysts for Borane‐Mediated Enantioselective Reductions of Prochiral Ketones.
Authors: Azizoglu Murat , Erdogan Asli , Arslan Nevin , Turgut Yilmaz , Hosgoren Halil , Pirinccioglu Necmettin
Published: November 2016

Seven catalysts are prepared and tested in the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aminooxygenation of Styrenes Using N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide and Simple Alcohols.
Authors: Herrera‐Leyton Camilo , Madrid‐Rojas Matias , Lopez Jhon J. , Canete Alvaro , Hermosilla‐Ibanez Patricio , Perez Edwin G.
Published: November 2016

The utility of the method is demonstrated by its application in the synthesis of an analogue [cf.(XIa)] of the commercial antidepressant fluoxetine [cf.(XIb)]
ChemInform Abstract: DMSO‐Mediated Transformation of 3‐Amino‐2‐hydroxynaphthazarins to Natural 2,3‐Dihydroxynaphthazarins and Related Compounds
Authors: Polonik Nikita S. , Polonik Sergey G.
Published: November 2016

under acidic conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Indanes from Diarylmethanols and Allylamides Through Iron(III) Chloride Hexahydrate.
Authors: Li Huanrong , et al.
Published: November 2016

A broad spectrum of indan derivatives, which are of high interest in natural product and pharmaceutical chemistry, is available as single diastereomers and various functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Amino Epoxides by a Three‐Component Coupling Involving Aziridines, Arynes and Aldehydes.
Authors: Roy Tony , Thangaraj Manikandan , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: November 2016

The transition‐metal‐free procedure for the three‐component coupling of aziridines, arynes and aldehydes affords N‐aryl α‐amino epoxides in moderate to good yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis and Antioxidant Studies of Chalcogenoaziridines.
Authors: Borges Rodrigo , Andrade Floyd C. D. , Schwab Ricardo S. , Sousa Fernanda S. S. , de Souza Maurice Neto , Savegnago Lucielli , Schneider Paulo H.
Published: November 2016

Compound (IIIb) shows potential as an antioxidative agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Dioxygenation with Malonoyl Peroxides: Synthesis of γ‐Lactones, Isobenzofuranones, and Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Alamillo‐Ferrer Carla , Karabourniotis‐Sotti Marianna , Kennedy Alan R. , Campbell Matthew , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: November 2016

The reaction between homoallylic alcohols or carboxylic acids and malonoyl peroxide provides the title products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopentanone‐Fused Benzosultams Through Tomita Zipper Cyclization.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Krishna Patoju M. , Reddy T. Prabhakar
Published: November 2016

The products are isolated in high yields, with excellent diastereoselectivity as a mixture of E/Z isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Facile Synthesis of 3,4‐Diacyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones. New C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Kotali Antigoni , Nasiopoulou Despina A. , Harris Philip A.
Published: November 2016

Applying the ′transformation of a hydroxy into an acyl group′ (TROHIA) concept, 3‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (i.e., dehydroacetic acid) has been converted into the 3‐acetyl‐4‐aryloyl‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones in 2 steps with excellent yields for the first step but modest yields for the second step only.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronic Acid/Broensted Acid Co‐Catalyst Systems for the Synthesis of 2H‐Chromenes from Phenols and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls.
Authors: Dimakos Victoria , Singh Tishaan , Taylor Mark S.
Published: November 2016

Variations of arylboronic and Broensted acid components lead to combinations which show optimal catalytic activity for chromene and napthopyran synthesis via condensation of phenols, naphthols, and enones.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Xanthones and Thio‐Xanthones by Using Magnetically Separable Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Catalyst under Ligand Free Conditions.
Authors: Venkanna Avudoddi , Goud Palle Vinod Kumar , Prasad Pulaganti Vijaya , Shanker Medi , Rao Pallapothula Venkateswar
Published: November 2016

A broad spectrum of substituted phenols and thiophenol (IVb) can be used in the title reaction with o‐substituted benzaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Borane‐Catalyzed Metal‐Free Hydrogenation of 2,7‐Disubstituted 1,8‐Naphthyridines.
Authors: Wang Wei , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng
Published: November 2016

The metal‐free hydrogenation of disubstituted naphthyridines is realized for the first time by using borane catalysts, generated in situ by hydroboration of pentafluorostyrene with Piers′ borane.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Routes to Orthogonally‐Substituted Aromatic MIDA Boronates.
Authors: Close Adam J. , Kemmitt Paul , Mark Roe S. , Spencer John
Published: November 2016

Complex polyaromatics with tetrasubstituted cores are accessible by a four‐step procedure, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Hydride Complexes
Authors: Eberhardt Nathan A. , Guan Hairong
Published: November 2016

Review: 306 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐2,5‐Diaminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane, a New Chiral Scaffold for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Shaw Subrata , White James. D.
Published: November 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydroacylation Reactions
Authors: Xu Qing‐Long , You Shu‐Li
Published: November 2016

Review: of alkenes, allenes, alkynes and ketones
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Functionalization of Aldehyde C—H Bonds
Authors: Li Yi , You Shu‐Li
Published: November 2016

Review: recent achievements
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reactions
Authors: Kang Qiang , You Shu‐Li
Published: November 2016

Review: recent progress
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Main Group Catalysis: Modern Catalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Wilkins Lewis C. , Melen Rebecca L.
Published: November 2016

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols: Recent Advances
Authors: Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Ribeiro Ana P. C. , Alegria Elisabete C. B. A. , Martins Nuno M. R. , Martins Luisa M. D. R. S. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: November 2016

Review: 330 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Poplata Saner , Troester Andreas , Zou You‐Quan , Bach Thorsten
Published: November 2016

Review: 853 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Icosahedral Boron Clusters: A Perfect Tool for the Enhancement of Polymer Features
Authors: Nunez R. , Romero I. , Teixidor F. , Vinas C.
Published: November 2016

Review: development of hybrid organic‐inorganic π conjugated, silane, siloxane and coordination polymers containing boron clusters, which have received considerable academic and technological interest due to the combination of the electronic, optical and thermal properties of traditional inorganic materials with desirable properties of organic plastics, including mechanical flexibility and low production costs; 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymers with Pendant Ferrocenes
Authors: Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: November 2016

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Therapeutic Journey of Pyridazinone
Authors: Akhtar Wasim , Shaquiquzzaman M. , Akhter Mymoona , Verma Garima , Khan Mohemmed Faraz , Alam M. Mumtaz
Published: November 2016

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Phase Syntheses of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Applications
Authors: Wu Liheng , Mendoza‐Garcia Adriana , Li Qing , Sun Shouheng
Published: November 2016

Review: 427 refs.
Liquid velocity interval for minimum liquid fluidization of binary solids mixtures
Authors: Vinnenberg Stefan , Ellis Naoko , Bi Xiaotao , Epstein Norman
Published: November 2016

The gas velocity interval for initiating gas fluidization of binary mixtures of Geldart type B particles has been thoroughly investigated experimentally and theoretically by Formisani et al.[2–6] The same approach has now been applied in our laboratory to liquid fluidization of binary macro‐solids. Experimental results for water fluidization in a 190.5 mm diameter column of initially well mixed packed beds, consisting of different volumetric fractions of 1.91 mm and 4.54 mm glass spheres of density 2510 kg/m3, are well predicted by the methods of Formisani et al., whether the equations are based on random‐dense voidages as practiced by that group, or based on random‐loose voidages as commonly used for monocomponent solids.
Polymerchemie mit Kosmetika – Einfache Versuche mit Haarshampoo und Wimperntusche
Authors: Hoßfeld Viviane , Lühken Arnim
Published: November 2016

Silicone finden immer wieder neue Verwendungen als moderne Werkstoffe und sind dabei Grenzgänger zwischen der anorganischen und der organischen Chemie. Als Bestandteile von Alltagsprodukten treten sie zunehmend häufiger in das Bewusstsein der Verbraucher. Beispielsweise in Fugendichtmassen und Backformen sind sie der offensichtliche Hauptbestandteil, in Kosmetika jedoch auf den ersten Blick nicht als Inhaltsstoff erkennbar. In diesem Beitrag werden fünf einfache Schulversuche zur Untersuchung alltäglicher Kosmetikprodukte vorgestellt, die phänomenologisch Stoff‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen der Silicone in Kosmetika aufzeigen sollen.
Hermite‐Padé Approximants for a Pair of Cauchy Transforms with Overlapping Symmetric Supports
Authors: Aptekarev Alexander I. , Van Assche Walter , Yattselev Maxim L.
Published: November 2016

Hermite‐Padé approximants of type II are vectors of rational functions with a common denominator that interpolate a given vector of power series at infinity with maximal order. We are interested in the situation when the approximated vector is given by a pair of Cauchy transforms of smooth complex measures supported on the real line. The convergence properties of the approximants are rather well understood when the supports consist of two disjoint intervals (Angelesco systems) or two intervals that coincide under the condition that the ratio of the measures is a restriction of the Cauchy transform of a third measure (Nikishin systems). In this work we consider the case where the supports form two overlapping intervals (in a symmetric way) and the ratio of the measures extends to a holomorphic function in a region that depends on the size of the overlap. We derive Szegő‐type formulae for the asymptotics of the approximants, identify the convergence and divergence domains (the divergence domains appear for Angelesco systems but are not present for Nikishin systems), and show the presence of overinterpolation (a feature peculiar for Nikishin systems but not for Angelesco systems). Our analysis is based on a Riemann‐Hilbert problem for multiple orthogonal polynomials (the common denominator).© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cobalt Nanoparticle‐Embedded Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Inherent N‐ and F‐Doping as Binder‐Free Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Singhal Richa , Kalra Vibha
Published: November 2016

Efficient, low‐cost, non‐precious metal‐based, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts are key to various energy storage and conversion devices such as regenerative fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. In this work, we report cobalt nanoparticle‐embedded porous carbon nanofibers with inherent N‐ and F‐doping as binder‐free bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent activity for both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) in an alkaline medium. Single‐step electrospinning of a solution of the polymer mixture (carbon precursor) and the cobalt precursor followed by controlled pyrolysis with an intermediate reduction step in H2 (to reduce cobalt oxides to cobalt) was utilized to synthesize an integrated freestanding catalyst. The fabricated catalyst with effective structural and electronic interaction between the cobalt metal nanoparticles and the N‐ and F‐doped carbon defect sites showed enhanced catalytic properties compared to the benchmark catalysts for ORR and OER (Pt, Ir, and Ru). The ORR potential at the current density of −3 mA cm−2 was 0.81 VRHE and the OER potential at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was 1.595 VRHE, resulting in a ΔE of only 0.785 V.
International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) flow cytometry shared resource laboratory (SRL) best practices
Authors: Barsky Lora W. , Black Michele , Cochran Matthew , Daniel Benjamin J. , Davies Derek , DeLay Monica , Gardner Rui , Gregory Michael , Kunkel Desiree , Lannigan Joanne , Marvin James , Salomon Robert , Torres Carina , Walker Rachael
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this document is to define minimal standards for a flow cytometry shared resource laboratory (SRL) and provide guidance for best practices in several important areas. This effort is driven by the desire of International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) members in SRLs to define and maintain standards of excellence in flow cytometry, and act as a repository for key elements of this information (e.g. example SOPs/training material, etc.). These best practices are not intended to define specifically how to implement these recommendations, but rather to establish minimal goals for an SRL to address in order to achieve excellence. It is hoped that once these best practices are established and implemented they will serve as a template from which similar practices can be defined for other types of SRLs. Identification of the need for best practices first occurred through discussions at the CYTO 2013 SRL Forum, with the most important areas for which best practices should be defined identified through several surveys and SRL track workshops as part of CYTO 2014. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Macroinvertebrate community assembly on deep‐sea wood falls in Monterey Bay is strongly influenced by wood type
Authors: Judge Jenna , Barry James P.
Published: November 2016

Environmental filtering, including the influence of environmental constraints and biological interactions on species’ survival, is known to significantly affect patterns of community assembly in terrestrial ecosystems. However, its role in regulating patterns and processes of community assembly in deep‐sea environments is poorly studied. Here we investigated the role of wood characteristics in the assembly of deep‐sea wood fall communities. Ten different wood species (substrata) that varied in structural complexity were sunk to a depth of 3,100 m near Monterey Bay, CA. In total, 28 wood parcels were deployed on the deep‐sea bed. After 2 yr, the wood parcels were recovered with over 7,000 attached or colonizing macroinvertebrates. All macroinvertebrates were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, and included several undescribed species. Diversity indices and multivariate analyses of variance detected significant variation in the colonizing community assemblages among different wood substrata. Structural complexity seemed to be the primary factor altering community composition between wood substrata. For example, wood‐boring clams were most abundant on solid logs, while small arthropods and limpets were more abundant on bundles of branches that provided more surface area and small, protected spaces to occupy. Other factors such as chemical defenses, the presence of bark, and wood hardness likely also played a role. Our finding that characteristics of woody debris entering the marine realm can have significant effects on community assembly supports the notion of ecological and perhaps evolutionarily significant links between land and sea.
Disease etiology and diagnosis by TCR repertoire analysis goes viral
Authors: Attaf Meriem , Sewell Andrew K.
Published: November 2016

The importance of T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity is highlighted in murine models of immunodeficiency and in many human pathologies. However, the true extent of TCR diversity and how this diversity varies in health and disease is poorly understood. In a previous issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Lossius et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 3439–3452] dissected the composition of the TCR repertoire in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) using high‐throughput sequencing of TCR‐β chains in cerebrospinal fluid samples and blood. The authors demonstrated that the TCR repertoire of the CSF was largely distinct from the blood and enriched in EBV‐reactive CD8+ T cells in MS patients. Studies of this kind have long been hindered by technical limitations and remain scarce in the literature. However, TCR sequencing methodologies are progressing apace and will undoubtedly shed light on the genetic basis of T‐cell responses and the ontogeny of T‐cell‐mediated diseases, such as MS.
What goes up must come down: A tripartite Dok‐3/Grb2/SHIP1 inhibitory module limits BCR signaling
Authors: Reth Michael , Gold Michael R.
Published: November 2016

Properly regulated immunity requires precise integration of activating and inhibitory signals. As for other lymphocytes, B cells express an antigen‐specific activating receptor, the B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR), and inhibitory receptors (e.g. FcγRIIb) that exercise checkpoint control on B‐cell activation. Moreover, following BCR engagement, CD19 recruits proteins that amplify BCR signaling, while CD22 initiates a negative feedback loop by recruiting proteins that inhibit BCR signaling. Initial BCR signaling is mediated by protein tyrosine kinases and lipid kinases; inhibitory receptors directly antagonize the actions of these enzymes by recruiting protein tyrosine phosphatases and lipid phosphatases and positioning them close to actively signaling BCRs. Previously it was thought that inhibitory receptors such as FcγRIIb and CD22 were essential for bringing these phosphatases near the BCR. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Manno et al. show that a tripartite inhibitory module consisting of the adaptor proteins Dok‐3 and Grb2 and the lipid phosphatase SHIP1 binds directly to activated BCRs and limits the Ca2+ mobilization that is required for B lymphocyte activation. This reveals that the BCR can be both an activating and inhibitory receptor, one that activates signaling enzymes while initiating a negative feedback loop that prevents excessive signaling.
A‐Ring‐Modified 2‐Hydroxyethylidene Previtamin D3 Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Hernández‐Martín Alba , Fernández Susana , Verstuyf Annemieke , Verlinden Lieve , Ferrero Miguel
Published: November 2016

To investigate the biological profile of the previtamin form of vitamin D, we synthesized new analogues of 19‐nor‐1α,25‐dihydroxyprevitamin D3 bearing a 2‐hydroxyethylidene moiety at the A‐ring. The target compounds were prepared by convergent synthesis using a Sonogashira coupling between an A‐ring enyne synthon and a CD‐ring/side‐chain vinyl triflate. We have demonstrated the versatility of shikimic acid as a starting material for the synthesis of the A‐ring precursors. The binding affinity to vitamin D receptor (VDR) and human vitamin D binding protein (hDBP), and the MCF‐7 cell antiproliferative activity were evaluated.
Alpha‐range visual and auditory stimulation reduces the perception of pain
Authors: Ecsy K. , Jones A.K.P. , Brown C.A.
Published: November 2016

Background

Alpha power is believed to have an inverse relationship with the perception of pain. Increasing alpha power through an external stimulus may, therefore, induce an analgesic effect. Here, we attempt to modulate the perception of a moderately painful acute laser stimulus by separately entraining three frequencies across the alpha band: 8, 10 and 12 Hz.

Methods

Participants were exposed to either visual or auditory stimulation at three frequencies in the alpha‐band range and a control frequency. We collected verbal pain ratings of laser stimuli from participants following 10 minutes of flashing LED goggle stimulation and 10 minutes of binaural beat stimulation across the alpha range. Alterations in sleepiness, anxiety and negative mood were recorded following each auditory or visual alpha‐rhythm stimulation session.

Results

A significant reduction in pain ratings was found after both the visual and the auditory stimulation across all three frequencies compared with the control condition. In the visual group, a significantly larger reduction was recorded following the 10‐Hz stimulation than succeeding the 8‐ and 12‐Hz conditions.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a short presentation of auditory and visual stimuli, oscillating in the alpha range, have an analgesic effect on acute laser pain, with the largest effect following the 10‐Hz visual stimulation. Pain reductions following stimulation in the alpha range are independent of sleepiness, anxiety, and negative moods.

Significance

This study provides new behavioural evidence showing that visual and auditory entrainment of frequencies in the alpha‐wave range can influence the perception of acute pain in humans.
Voltammetric Determination of Tumor Biomarkers for Neuroblastoma (Homovanillic Acid, Vanillylmandelic Acid, and 5‐Hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic Acid) at Screen‐printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Makrlíková Anna , Ktena Evangelia , Economou Anastasios , Fischer Jan , Navrátil Tomáš , Barek Jiří , Vyskočil Vlastimil
Published: November 2016

Three tumor biomarkers (homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (5‐HIAA)) have been determined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). As an optimum medium for all three analytes, Britton‐Robinson buffer (0.04 mol ⋅ L−1, pH 3.0) was used. Dependencies of the peak current on the concentration of a biomarker were linear in the concentration range from 0.2 to 100 μmol ⋅ L−1 for all the tested compounds, with the limits of quantification 0.8 μmol ⋅ L−1 for homovanillic acid, 0.2 μmol ⋅ L−1 for vanillylmandelic acid, and 0.4 μmol ⋅ L−1 for 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid. Moreover, it was verified that the newly developed methods can be used for simultaneous determination of HVA and VMA in mixture.
Automatized analysis of IR‐images of photovoltaic modules and its use for quality control of solar cells
Authors: Hepp Johannes , Machui Florian , Egelhaaf Hans‐J. , Brabec Christoph J. , Vetter Andreas
Published: November 2016

It is well known that the performance of solar cells may significantly suffer from local electric defects. Accordingly, infrared thermography (i.p. lock‐in thermography) has been intensely applied to identify such defects as hot spots. As an imaging method, this is a fast way of module characterization. However, imaging leads to a huge amount of data, which needs to be investigated. An automatized image analysis would be a very beneficial tool but has not been suggested so far for lock‐in thermography images. In this manuscript, we describe such an automatized analysis of solar cells. We first established a robust algorithm for segmentation (or recognition) for both, the PV‐module and the defects (hot spots). With this information, we then calculated a parameter from the IR‐images, which could be well correlated with the maximal power (Pmpp) of the modules. The proposed automatized method serves as a very useful foundation for faster and more thorough analyses of IR‐images and stimulates the further development of quality control on solar modules.
Assessing Digital Information Literacy in Higher Education: A Review of Existing Frameworks and Assessments With Recommendations for Next‐Generation Assessment
Authors: Sparks Jesse R. , Katz Irvin R. , Beile Penny M.
Published: November 2016

Digital information literacy (DIL)—generally defined as the ability to obtain, understand, evaluate, and use information in a variety of digital technology contexts—is a critically important skill deemed necessary for success in higher education as well as in the global networked economy. To determine whether college graduates possess the requisite knowledge and skills in DIL, higher education institutions must be able to administer and use results from valid assessments of DIL. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of existing definitions of this construct in major frameworks from higher education and the workforce and propose an operational definition of DIL. Next, we provide a review of existing assessments of information literacy and related constructs, including features of the assessments, construct alignment, and psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and validity evidence). Finally, we discuss challenges and considerations surrounding the design, implementation, and use of next‐generation assessments of DIL. We offer this review as a resource for higher education institutions in selecting among existing assessments or in designing their own measures.
An Evaluation of the Usefulness of Prosodic and Lexical Cues for Understanding Synthesized Speech of Mathematics
Authors: Frankel Lois , Brownstein Beth
Published: November 2016

The work described in this report is the second phase of a project to provide easy‐to‐use tools for authoring and rendering secondary‐school algebra‐level math expressions in synthesized speech that is useful for students with blindness or low vision. This report describes the development and results of the second feedback study performed for our project, Expanding Audio Access to Mathematics Expressions by Students With Visual Impairments via MathML. That study focused on the use of certain prosodic and lexical elements in the ClearSpeak speech style and served as a basis for further refinements in that style's definition and implementation in the MathPlayer software. The primary parameters evaluated are students' success in drawing conclusions about the content and structure of certain math expressions and their perceptions regarding the helpfulness of the pace and wording of different text‐to‐speech renditions of the same or similar mathematical expressions. Please see Appendix A for information on obtaining a version of this report that is fully accessible using the tools described.
Enhanced Reaction Efficiency in Continuous Flow
Authors: Morse Peter D. , Beingessner Rachel L. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: November 2016

Continuous flow reactors are enabling tools that can significantly benefit chemical reactions, especially those that are path length dependent (e.g., photochemical), mixing or transport dependent (e.g., gas‐liquid), exothermic, or utilize hazardous or unstable intermediates. In this review, it is demonstrated how the nearly instantaneous mixing, exceptionally fast mass transfer, safe access to high temperatures and pressures, and high surface area to volume ratio can be leveraged to improve product yield, reaction rates and/or selectivity. By showcasing five synthetic methodologies examined by our group, it is hoped that the reader will gain an appreciation of the accessible and transformative nature of flow chemistry for improving existing transformations, enabling rapid optimization, and for developing new methodologies that depend on precise parameter controls.
Cre Recombinase Strains Used for the Study of Adipose Tissues and Adipocyte Progenitors
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Xu Ziye , Wu Weiche , Wang Yizhen , Shan Tizhong
Published: November 2016

Adipose tissues play important roles in whole body energy homeostasis and lifer span. Understanding the mechanisms of controlling adipose tissues development is significant for providing useful information to treat the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Several different Cre transgenes have been generated and used for determining the origin of adipose tissues and the function of individual gene in regulating adipose growth and development. Here, we mainly review and discuss the efficiency and specific of those Cre recombinase mouse strains used for the study of adipose tissues and adipocyte progenitors. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2698–2703, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of nasal mucociliary clearance time and nasal symptom in patients with Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Durmuş Kasım , Engin Aynur , Karataş Tuba Doğan , Gözel Mustafa Gökhan , Altuntas Emine Elif
Published: November 2016

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an important health problem in Turkey. Number of studies on symptoms of ear nose throat system and indicating whether or not the organs are affected in patients with CCHF is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CCHF infections caused any change in nasal physiology in adult patients or not by using saccharin transit time (STT) and nasal symptom scoring. Twenty subjects with laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of CCHF and 28 healthy control subjects were included in the present study. A saccharin test was used to evaluate nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMCT) and the nasal symptom scoring used in allergic rhinitis was modified and used to examine the symptoms of the patients. The average STT of CCHF and control groups were 472.70 ± 151.58 and 276.07 ± 89.65 sec, respectively. The difference between them was statistically significant (P = 0.00, P < 0.05). When those in CCHF group were classified according to timing of the test, STT average of those undergoing the test on the 1st–3rd days (n = 10) and 4th–6th (n = 10) days was 547.00 ± 154.37 and 398.40 ± 111.39 sec, respectively. The difference between them was statistically significant (P = 0.024; P < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that NMCT prolonged in adult patients with CCHF compared to those in the control group despite the fact that it was within normal limits. For these reasons, clinicians should follow‐up CCHF patients more closely for respiratory tract diseases and sinonasal and middle ear infections. J. Med. Virol. 89:960–965, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐649 promotes HSV‐1 replication by directly targeting MALT1
Authors: Zhang Yi , Dai Jun , Tang Jinfeng , Zhou Li , Zhou Mengzhou
Published: November 2016

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), a member of the Herpes
viridae, is associated with a wide variety of nervous system diseases including meningitis and encephalitis. The data presented here demonstrate that miR‐649 promotes the replication of HSV‐1 without affecting cell viability. Further mechanistic studies revealed that MALT1 (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1) is directly targeted by miR‐649. We then found that MALT1 and the downstream NF‐κB signaling pathway, are involved in miR‐649‐induced HSV‐1 replication. Interestingly, miR‐649 levels were downregulated after HSV‐1 infection, and miR‐649 expression was negatively associated with MALT1 expression in HSV‐1‐infected HeLa cells. Taken together, this present study indicates that miR‐649 promotes HSV‐1 replication through regulation of the MALT1‐mediated antiviral signaling pathway and suggests a promising target for antiviral therapies. J. Med. Virol. 89:1069–1079, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling daily reference evapotranspiration in humid locations of South Korea using local and cross‐station data management scenarios
Authors: Karimi Sepideh , Kisi Ozgur , Kim Sungwon , Nazemi Amir Hossein , Shiri Jalal
Published: November 2016

Modelling reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key issue in hydrology, water resources management and irrigation scheduling. This article aimed at evaluating gene expression programming (GEP) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques for modelling ET0 in humid regions of South Korea. The GEP and SVM results were also compared with the empirical ET0 models with the same input parameters. Daily meteorological data from eight weather stations comprising a period of 10 years were utilized to establish the models. This study evaluated two different data management scenarios of simulations. At the first scenario, the heuristic and empirical models were developed and tested at each location, separately, which confirmed the superiority of heuristic models to empirical models. At the second scenario, two cross‐station approaches were developed: modelling ET0 using data from ancillary stations and developing generalized heuristic models for the studied stations. The obtained results revealed that both the GEP and SVM techniques could simulate ET0 in both the scenarios, successfully. Meanwhile, GEP outperformed SVM in cross‐station scenario.
Uncertainty in Pacific decadal oscillation indices does not contribute to teleconnection instability
Authors: McAfee Stephanie A.
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) has been used extensively to understand low‐frequency climate variability and its impact on ecological and hydrological systems. In the last few years, however, numerous studies have identified various weaknesses in the PDO paradigm. These range from disagreement between proxy‐based reconstructions to instability in teleconnections to discrepancy between the publicly available indices. The potential impact of differences between indices on teleconnection stability is evaluated using the 20th Century Reanalysis and Climatic Research Unit Time‐Series (CRU TS) 3.22 data. While disagreements between the indices may influence the interpretation of climate drivers in particular years, they do not appear to contribute to teleconnection instability in any significant way. Ruling out this simple explanation for teleconnection instability provides further evidence that the PDO is too simplistic a framework for understanding Pacific atmosphere–ocean impacts on remote climate and suggests that variable relationships between the PDO and climate are likely related to the complex origins of this variability.
Chemokines and inflammation in osteoarthritis: Insights from patients and animal models
Authors: Scanzello Carla R.
Published: November 2016

Evidence has been building that the pathologic drive for development of osteoarthritis (OA) involves more than simple mechanical “wear and tear.” Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the tissue response to joint injury, and are involved in development of post‐traumatic OA. Inflammation also appears integral to the progression of OA, whether post‐traumatic or spontaneous, contributing to the evolution of joint tissue degradation and remodeling as well as joint pain. Both patient‐based studies and in vivo models of disease have shed light on a number of inflammatory pathways and mediators that impact various aspects of this disease, both structurally and symptomatically. Recent work in this field has implicated inflammatory chemokines in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Expression of multiple chemokines and their receptors is modulated during disease in both patients and animal models. Although best known for their effects on leukocyte migration and trafficking within the immune system, chemokines can have a wide variety of effects on both motile and non‐motile cell types, impacting proliferation, differentiation, and activation of cellular responses. Their role in OA models has also demonstrated diverse effects on disease that exemplify their wide‐ranging effects. Understanding how these important mediators of inflammation impact joint disease, and whether they can be targeted therapeutically, is actively being investigated by many groups in this field. This narrative review focuses on evidence published within the last 5 years highlighting chemokine‐mediated pathways with mechanistic involvement in osteoarthritis and joint tissue repair. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:735–739, 2017.
Characterizing mortality in pediatric tracheostomy patients
Authors: Funamura Jamie L. , Yuen Sonia , Kawai Kosuke , Gergin Ozgul , Adil Eelam , Rahbar Reza , Watters Karen
Published: November 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To assess the longitudinal risk of death following tracheostomy in the pediatric age group.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Hospital records of 513 children (≤18 years) at a tertiary care children's hospital who underwent tracheostomy between 1984 and 2015 were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was time from tracheostomy to death. Secondary patient demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, with likelihood of death using χ2 tests and the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Median age at time of tracheostomy was 0.8 years (interquartile range, 0.3–5.2 years).The highest mortality rate (27.8%) was observed in patients in the 13‐ to 18‐year‐old age category; their mortality rate was significantly higher when compared to the lowest mortality risk group patients (age 1–4 years, P = .031). Timing of death was evenly distributed: <90 days (37.6%), 90 days to 1 year (27.1%), and >1 year after tracheostomy (35.3%). Patients who underwent tracheostomy for cardiopulmonary disease had an increased risk of mortality compared with airway obstruction (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.72‐7.24, P < .001) and other indications. Adjusted hazard ratios for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) were 2.63 and a 2.61, respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions

Pediatric patients with tracheostomy have a high mortality rate, with an increased risk of death associated with a cardiopulmonary indication for undergoing tracheostomy. The majority of deaths occur after the index hospitalization during which the tracheostomy was performed. BPD and CHD are independent predictors of mortality in pediatric tracheostomy patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 127:1701–1706, 2017