bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally Steep Brain-Body Evolutionary Allometry Underlies the Unique Encephalization of Osteoglossiformes
Authors: Tsuboi Masahito
Published: October 2021

Brain-body static allometry, which is the relationship between brain size and body size within species, is thought to reflect developmental and genetic constraints. Existing evidence suggests that the evolution of large brain size without accompanying changes in body size (that is, encephalization) may occur when this constraint is relaxed. Teleost fish species are generally characterized by having close-fitting brain-body static allometries, leading to strong allometric constraints and small relative brain sizes. However, one order of teleost, Osteoglossiformes, underwent extreme encephalization, and its mechanistic bases are unknown. Here, I used a dataset and phylogeny encompassing 859 teleost species to demonstrate that the encephalization of Osteoglossiformes occurred through an increase in the slope of evolutionary (among-species) brain-body allometry. The slope is virtually isometric (1.03 ± 0.09 SE), making it one of the steepest evolutionary brain-body allometric slopes reported to date, and it deviates significantly from the evolutionary brain-body allometric slopes of other clades of teleost. Examination of the relationship between static allometric parameters (intercepts and slopes) and evolutionary allometry revealed that the dramatic steepening of the evolutionary allometric slope in Osteoglossiformes was a combined result of evolution in the slopes and intercepts of static allometry. These results suggest that the evolution of static allometry, which likely has been driven by evolutionary changes in the rate and timing of brain development, has facilitated the unique encephalization of Osteoglossiformes.
A Case Report of COL4A5 Gene Mutation Alport Syndrome in 2 Native African Children
Authors: Oduware Emmanuel , Iduoriyekemwen Nosakhare Joyce , Ibadin Michael , Aikhionbare Henry
Published: October 2021

Alport syndrome is a heterogeneous genetic disease involving the basement membrane of the glomeruli, inner ear, retina, and lens capsule. It typically manifests as progressive glomerulopathy that frequently results in end-stage renal disease, high-tone sensorineural deafness, and ocular abnormalities of anterior lenticonus and yellow and white dots and flecks on the macular of the retina. In this report, we describe the cases of 2 siblings: 15- and 13-year-old boys of pure African descent with the COL4A5 gene mutation. Both children had the classical features of Alport syndrome haematuria, proteinuria, progressive sensorineural high-tone hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Their renal abnormalities initially regressed on therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors but reoccurred, depicting the need for early diagnosis as the early institution of this therapy before significant glomerulopathy is advocated.
To Sedate or Not to Sedate for Less Invasive Surfactant Administration: An Ethical Approach
Authors: Peterson Jennifer , den Boer Maria C. , Roehr Charles Christoph
Published: October 2021

Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is an effective, minimally invasive technique of administering surfactant to infants with respiratory distress syndrome. While termed less invasive, LISA still requires airway instrumentation with direct laryngoscopy, thus may be considered painful. However, the issue of whether or not to routinely sedate infants for LISA remains contentious, with significant variation in practice between centres. Proponents for giving pharmacological analgesia and/or sedation predominantly focus on patient comfort during the procedure. However, those who favour non-pharmacological measures of pain management focus on the potential for procedural success without the risk of adverse events, such as respiratory depression and potentially the need for escalation to intubation, which may occur with pharmacological agents. The neonatal population who may benefit from LISA is varied. Due to this variety in presentation type, gestational age, and unit experience, there is a need to provide an individualized, tailored approach to sedation and analgesia for these infants. Using a blanket approach to sedation will lead to infants being exposed to sedative medications on the assumption of potential distress, rather than in response to signs of actual distress. This places the infant at risk of the adverse reactions, potentially without them ever having needed the beneficial effect of the medications. This seems an unnecessary risk. This article explores the ethical arguments pertaining to analgesia and sedation during the LISA technique, concluding that a standardized approach to the usage of pharmacological sedation is undesirable. Moreover, we maintain that procedural analgesia and sedation should be based on individualized, infant-centred assessment, rather than on a rigid, standardized approach.
Decreased Triglyceride and Increased Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Levels Are Correlated to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Ohira Masahiro , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Takashi , Onda Hiroki , Yamaoka Shuhei , Abe Kazuki , Nakamura Shoko , Tanaka Sho , Kawagoe Naoyuki , Nabekura Taiki , Oshiro Takashi , Nagayama Daiji , Tatsuno Ichiro , Saiki Atsuhito
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) significantly increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in pre-heparin serum (pre-heparin LPL levels). LPL is a regulator of serum triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C production; this may be the mechanism for HDL-C increase after LSG. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of increase in HDL-C levels by examining the relationship between changes in serum HDL-C levels and LPL after LSG. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 104 obese patients, who underwent LSG and were followed up for 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between changes in serum HDL-C levels and various clinical parameters after LSG. Results: A significant decrease was observed in the patients’ BMI and serum TG levels after LSG. Conversely, HDL-C levels and pre-heparin LPL levels were significantly increased after LSG. Simple linear regression showed that changes in HDL-C levels were significantly correlated with total weight loss percentage, change in TG levels, abdominal fat areas, and pre-heparin LPL levels. Additionally, the multiple regression model revealed that a decrease in TG levels and an increase in pre-heparin LPL levels were correlated with increased HDL-C levels after LSG. Discussion/Conclusion: These results show that a decrease in TG levels and an increase in LPL are mechanisms for increased HDL-C levels after LSG.
Functional Analysis of SCN5A Genetic Variants Associated with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Mikhailova Valeria B. , Karpushev Alexey V. , Vavilova Viola D. , Klimenko Ekaterina S. , Tulintseva Tatyana , Yudina Yulia S. , Vasichkina Elena S. , Zhorov Boris S. , Kostareva Anna
Published: October 2021

Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare inherited cardiac arrhythmia with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Mutations in gene SCN5A, which encodes the α-subunit of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, have been identified in over 20% of patients with BrS. However, only a small fraction of NaV1.5 variants, which are associated with BrS, are characterized in electrophysiological experiments. Results: Here we explored variants V281A and L1582P, which were found in our patients with BrS, and variants F543L and K1419E, which are reportedly associated with BrS. Heterologous expression of the variants in CHO-K1 cells and the Western blot analysis demonstrated that each variant appeared at the cell surface. We further measured sodium current in the whole-cell voltage clamp configuration. Variant F543L produced robust sodium current with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state fast inactivation. Other variants did not produce detectable sodium currents, indicating a complete loss of function. In a recent cryoEM structure of the hNaV1.5 channel, residues V281, K1419, and L1582 are in close contacts with residues whose mutations are reportedly associated with BrS, indicating functional importance of respective contacts. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that loss of function of NaV1.5 or decrease of the channel activity is involved in the pathogenesis of BrS.
Impact of optical current transformer on protection scheme of hybrid transmission line
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Zulham Muhammad , Prasetyo Eko
Published: October 2021

Continuity of power transmission is important to ensure the reliability of the electricity supply. As most system faults are temporary, the auto reclose (AR) scheme has been used extensively to minimise the outage duration, prevent widespread outages, thus increase system stability. Meanwhile, the hybrid transmission line (HTL) combining overhead line (OHL) and high voltage cable has been introduced to provide an inexpensive solution for an urban power grid. Protecting HTL with a conventional protection system would forbid the operation of the AR scheme due to difficulty to ensure whether the fault occurred on the OHL or cable section. Therefore, the circulating current protection (CCP) scheme is used in the cable section to ensure the fault location and block the AR scheme. The technology of an optical current transformer (OCT) as one of the non-conventional instrument transformers (NCIT) has emerged to provide a solution to drawbacks on the conventional current transformer (CCT). Consequently, this paper investigated the impact of using OCT over the CCT for CCP of the HTL. The result shows that OCT could be used for CCP on much longer cable sections thus increase its reliability as the AR scheme can be used on longer or multiple cable section.
Analysis and design of the biasing network for 1 GHz bandwidth RF power amplifier
Authors: Sadeque Md. Golam , Yusoff Zubaida , Roslee Mardeni , Hashim Shaiful Jahari , Marzuki Azah Syafiah Mohd
Published: October 2021

The bandwidth of the wireless communication has increased due to the various applications of the wireless devices. A radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) is one of the crucial components of the transceiver. So, to meet the requirement of the bandwidth, wideband RFPA is needed. The RFPA not only requires a wideband matching network but importantly the biasing network. For the next-generation communication system, a wideband biasing network is needed to operate in the wide GHz bandwidth range. In this paper, a wideband biasing network for the power amplifier is designed using a quarter-wave transmission line and a butterfly stub for the frequency band of 3.3 GHz to 4.3 GHz. Roger’s RO3006 is used as the substrate for the design of the biasing network. The designed network performed well in the required frequency range. The performances of the biasing network have shown 9 dB to 19 dB return loss, the radio frequency (RF) isolation has more than 35 dB, and 0 dB to 1.5 dB insertion loss. This wideband biasing network can be used for the next generation communication system.
Machine learning based outlier detection for medical data
Authors: Reddy R. Vijaya Kumar , Subhani Shaik , Rao B. Srinivasa , Anantha N. Lakshmipathi
Published: October 2021

The concept of machine learning generate best results in health care data, it also reduce the work load of health care industry. This algorithm potentially overcome the issues and find out the novel knowledge for development of medical date in health care industry. In this paper propose a new algorithm for finding the outliers using different datasets. Considering that medical data are analytic of mutually health problems and an activity. The proposed algorithm is working based on supervised and unsupervised learning. This algorithm detects the outliers in medical data. The effectiveness of local and global data factor for outlier detection for medical data in real time. Whatever, the model used in this scenario from their training and testing of medical data. The cleaning process based on the complete attributes of dataset of similarity operations. Experiments are conducted in built in various medical datasets. The statistical outcome describe that the machine learning based outlier finding algorithm given that best accurateness.
Self-doped carrier as a performance limiting factor of perovskite solar cells: study on tandem-junction cells with SCAPS
Authors: Rahman Md. Sazzadur , Rahman Md. Samiur , Jaber Al , Miah Suman
Published: October 2021

Doping concentration of the absorber layer plays a vital role in the performance of perovskite solar cells, because not only it has a direct impact on the collection efficiency of the photo generated carriers, but it can also be considered as an indicator of the film quality and aging process for so-called self-doped (unintentionally doped) perovskite absorbers, where the carriers are induced from structural imperfections. To observe its influence on the efficiency of perovskite solar cell, a two-junction solar cell structure MAPbBr3/MAPbI3 is analyzed in this study, employing a novel optoelectrical simulation approach with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis and solar cell capacitance simulation (SCAPS) program. It is found that, the efficiency of the tandem cell falls from ∼22% to ∼12% as front-cell absorber film degrades from single-crystal quality with low self-doped carrier concentration of the order of 1010cm−3 , to degraded film quality with very high carrier concentration of the order of 1018cm−3 . In contrast, the self-doped carrier concentration of the back-cell absorber illustrates less impact on the efficiency of the cell, especially for thicker front-cell absorber. Thus, this case study gives a simpler but novel insight into the long-term stability of the efficiency of high-performance perovskite solar cells establishing a link between the solar cell performance and the self-doped carrier concentration (doping concentration) of the absorber film.
Sex Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: Insights From the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Bansal Agam , Cremer Paul C. , Jaber Wael A. , Rampersad Penelope , Menon Venu
Published: October 2021

Background

The data on the differential impact of sex on the utilization and outcomes of valve replacement surgery for infective endocarditis are limited to single‐center and small sample size patient population.

Methods and Results

We utilized the National Inpatient Sample database to identify patients with a discharge diagnosis of infective endocarditis from 2004 to 2015 to assess differences in the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis stratified by sex. We also evaluated trends in utilization of cardiac valve replacement and individual valve replacement surgeries in women versus men over a 12‐year period, and compared in‐hospital mortality after surgical treatment in women versus men. A total of 81 942 patients were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of infective endocarditis from January 2004 to September 2015, of whom 44.31% were women. Women were less likely to undergo overall cardiac valve replacement (6.92% versus 12.12%), aortic valve replacement (3.32% versus 8.46%), mitral valve replacement (4.60% versus 5.57%), and combined aortic and mitral valve replacement (0.85% versus 1.81%) but had similar in‐hospital mortality rates. From 2004 to 2015, the overall rates of cardiac valve replacement increased from 11.76% to 13.96% in men and 6.34% to 9.26% in women and in‐hospital mortality declined in both men and women. Among the patients undergoing valve replacement surgery, in‐hospital mortality was higher in women (9.94% versus 6.99%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Despite increased utilization of valve surgery for infective endocarditis in both men and women and improving trends in mortality, we showed that there exists a treatment bias with underutilization of valve surgeries for infective endocarditis in women and demonstrated that in‐hospital mortality was higher in women undergoing valve surgery in comparison to men.
SLEAP SMART (Sleep Apnea Screening Using Mobile Ambulatory Recorders After TIA/Stroke): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boulos Mark I. , Kamra Maneesha , Colelli David R. , Kirolos Nardin , Gladstone David J. , Boyle Karl , Sundaram Arun , Hopyan Julia J. , Swartz Richard H. , Mamdani Muhammad , Loong Desmond , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Murray Brian J. , Thorpe Kevin E.
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:

Poststroke/transient ischemic attack obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent, linked with numerous unfavorable health consequences, but remains underdiagnosed. Reasons include patient inconvenience and costs associated with use of in-laboratory polysomnography (iPSG), the current standard tool. Fortunately, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) can accurately diagnose OSA and is potentially more convenient and cost-effective compared with iPSG. Our objective was to assess whether screening for OSA in patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack using HSAT, compared with standard of care using iPSG, increased diagnosis and treatment of OSA, improved clinical outcomes and patient experiences with sleep testing, and was a cost-effective approach.

Methods:

We consecutively recruited 250 patients who had sustained a stroke/transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months. Patients were randomized (1:1) to use of (1) HSAT versus (2) iPSG. Patients completed assessments and questionnaires at baseline and 6-month follow-up appointments. Patients diagnosed with OSA were offered continuous positive airway pressure. The primary outcome was compared between study arms via an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results:

At 6 months, 94 patients completed HSAT and 71 patients completed iPSG. A significantly greater proportion of patients in the HSAT arm were diagnosed with OSA (48.8% versus 35.2%,
P
=0.04) compared with the iPSG arm. Furthermore, patients assigned to HSAT, compared with iPSG, were more likely to be prescribed continuous positive airway pressure (40.0% versus 27.2%), report significantly reduced sleepiness, and a greater ability to perform daily activities. Moreover, a significantly greater proportion of patients reported a positive experience with sleep testing in the HSAT arm compared with the iPSG arm (89.4% versus 31.1%). Finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that HSAT was economically attractive for the detection of OSA compared with iPSG.

Conclusions:

In patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack, use of HSAT compared with iPSG increases the rate of OSA diagnosis and treatment, reduces daytime sleepiness, improves functional outcomes and experiences with sleep testing, and could be an economically attractive approach.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02454023.
Regulating Research: The Origins and Institutionalization of Research Ethics Committees in Sweden
Authors: Tinnerholm Ljungberg Helena
Published: October 2021

The year 1966 saw the birth of Sweden’s first formal Research Ethics Committee (rec) at the medical university Karolinska Institute (ki). In the following years other ethical committees were institutionalized, coordinated by a working group steered by the Swedish Medical Research Council (smrc). Research ethical issues of a principled nature were also discussed by the Ethics Delegation of the Swedish Society of Medicine (ssm). Between 1966 and 1975, around 500 research proposals were assessed by rec s in Sweden, and the medical community started to follow certain protocols when preparing applications for ethical review. This paper traces the origins and early development of the rec system in Sweden and offers an analysis of their practices, discussions, and assessments through the reading of meeting protocols and correspondence between central actors. The aim is to sketch out how and why the system of research ethics committees emerged, became institutionalized, and developed in Sweden from the 1960s to the early 1980s. This paper connects to the recent empirical turn in historical research on medical research ethics and regulations, by focusing on how the insiders, i.e., the medical community, reacted to new demands of ethical review. The analysis illustrates how the medical researchers interacted with transnational funders, the Patients Association, a broader public, governmental authorities, and parliamentary politics when developing the Swedish rec system.
A novel Mariannaea species isolated from decayed pine needles in Japan
Authors: WATANABE KOHEI , HIROSE DAI
Published: October 2021

A strain of the fungal genus Mariannaea, isolated from decayed leaves of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), was identified to be a new species based on its molecular phylogeny and morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fungus belongs to a clade containing M. punicea and related species (M. punicea-related species) and that it forms a lineage independent of these species. Microscopic morphological comparisons with M. punicea-related species indicated that the new isolate differs with respect to the width of the phialides and length of the conidiophores. Comparison of macroscopic morphological characteristics revealed that M. punicea-related species are characterized by reddish-purple colonies, whereas the new isolate lacks this distinctive pigmentation. Moreover, the surface structure of the colonies of this fungus has a distinct irregular undulate pattern toward the margins. Given that this isolate can be clearly distinguished from the known M. punicea-related species, we consider the fungus to be a newly identified species, for which we propose the name Mariannaea imbricata sp. nov.
Characteristics and Predictability of Midwestern United States Drought
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Ford Trent W. , Woloszyn Molly , Otkin Jason A. , Eischeid Jon
Published: October 2021

Characteristics and predictability of drought in the Midwestern United States, spanning the Great Plains to the Ohio Valley, at local and regional scales are examined during 1916-2015. Given vast differences in hydroclimatic variability across the Midwest, drought is evaluated in four regions identified using a hierarchical clustering algorithm applied to an integrated drought index based on soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and three-month runoff from land surface models forced by observed analyses. Highlighting the regions containing the Ohio Valley (OV) and Northern Great Plains (NGP), the OV demonstrates a preference for sub-annual droughts, the timing of which can lead to prevalent dry epochs, while the NGP demonstrates a preference for annual-to-multi-annual droughts. Regional drought variations are closely related to precipitation, resulting in a higher likelihood of drought onset or demise during wet seasons: March-November in the NGP and all year in the OV, with a preference for March-May and September-November. Due to the distinct dry season in the NGP, there is a higher likelihood of longer drought persistence, as the NGP is four times more likely to experience drought lasting at least one year compared to the OV. While drought variability in all regions and seasons are related to atmospheric wave trains spanning the Pacific-North American sector, longer-lead predictability is limited to the OV in December-February because it is the only region/season related to slow-varying sea surface temperatures consistent with El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The wave trains in all other regions appear to be generated in the atmosphere, highlighting the importance of internal atmospheric variability in shaping Midwestern drought.
Frequency Versus Intensity: How Thinking of a Frequent Consumption Indulgence as Social Versus Solitary Affects Preferences for How to Cut Back
Authors: Liu Peggy J.
Published: October 2021

Many consumers engage in frequent consumption indulgences. Because such indulgences accumulate resource costs (e.g., money, calories), consumers are often prompted to cut back, posing questions for how to design cutback programs with consumer appeal. This research distinguishes between frequent indulgences that consumers think of as social (vs. solitary), demonstrating that thinking of an indulgence as social (vs. solitary) decreases preferences to cut “frequency” (how often the indulgence occasion occurs) and increases preferences to cut “intensity” (choosing a within-category substitute that involves lower resource expenditure). The author explains these effects by differentiating between enjoyment from the product itself and enjoyment from aspects outside the product. Thinking of an indulgence as social (vs. solitary) heightens people’s anticipated enjoyment, particularly for aspects outside of the product, decreasing interest in cutting the number of occasions (cutting frequency) and increasing interest in cutting back on the product itself via a within-category substitute (cutting intensity). This divergence in cutback preferences for social (vs. solitary) experiences is thus eliminated (1) when consumers think of social experiences with distant (vs. close) others, which involve lower enjoyment outside of the product, or (2) when solitary experiences primarily involve heightened enjoyment for aspects outside of the product.
The Disenfranchisement of Perinatal Grief: How Silence, Silencing and Self-Censorship Complicate Bereavement (a Mixed Methods Study)
Authors: Cassidy Paul Richard
Published: October 2021

Based on an ethnographic and mixed-methods research design, the article explores the social and interactive processes of disenfranchisement of perinatal grief through the mechanisms of silence, silencing and self-censorship in encounters between bereaved women and the social milieu. The analysis finds that disenfranchisement results from the constriction of the social space of bereavement along various lines of discourse, cultural values, practice and materiality, that include: the passing of time (expectations of a quick ‘recovery’); competing discourses of loss (simplistic-dominant vs. complex-subordinate meaning-making); the biometrics of pregnancy (lower gestational age being equated with less intense grief); gendered ideas of reproduction and feeling rules; asymmetries in social power; social spheres (hospital, home, community, support groups); socio-materialities and performance/ritual; and structural aspects of social and familial organization (gender, age, intergenerational and kin v. non-kin relations). These processes are intimately linked to the complication of grief by undermining support, meaning-making and continuing bonds.
Gait-stride-and-frequency-based human intention recognition approach and experimental verification on lower limb exoskeleton
Authors: Zhu Shiqiang , Zhou Shizhao , Chen Zheng , Song Wei , Jin Lai
Published: October 2021

In the research of lower extremity exoskeleton, how to achieve synchronization between human and machine is quite significant. The intention recognition, which can be divided into three categories including EMG-based, EEG-based and biomechanics-based, is one of the effective implementation methods. In this paper, a new biomechanics-based method to realize the intention recognition is proposed. Compared with the mainstream, this method identifies the characteristic value of stride and frequency during walking, which describes human intention mathematically and concretizes the intention of human movement, improving the accuracy of recognition result and streamlining the algorithm. In addition, the impedance model is designed to further correct the recognition error. The main contents of this paper can be roughly summarized as follows. Gait feature event points are detected according to the angular signals of exoskeleton joints and the pressure signals of foot sole during the wearer’s walking process. Then the whole gait cycle is segmented by the identified gait feature event points, which is used to identify the wearer’s gait step and frequency in the gait cycle and output the trajectory transformed from standard gait trajectory by the recognized stride and frequency. Moreover, the interactive force signal collected by the three-dimensional force sensors mounted on the four-legged bar is provided as input to the designed impedance controller to adjust the transformed trajectory again. Also, the final trajectory is input to the Proportion Integral and Differential (PID) controller to realize the motion function of the lower extremity exoskeleton based on the wearer’s intention recognition result. Moreover, a simple hardware platform of lower limb exoskeleton is designed and built for practical experimental verification, which involves three kinds of gait respectively having constant stride, constant frequency and time-varying stride and frequency. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed algorithm can be concluded by analyzing the satisfactory experiment result.
A multi-objective optimization operation strategy for ice-storage air-conditioning system based on improved firefly algorithm
Authors: Zhou Xinwei , Yu Junqi , Zhang Wanhu , Zhao Anjun , Zhou Min
Published: October 2021

Reasonable distribution of cooling load between chiller and ice tank is the key to realize the economical and energy-saving operation of ice-storage air-conditioning (ISAC) system. A multi-objective optimization model based on improved firefly algorithm (IFA) was established in this study to fully exploit the energy-saving potential and economic benefit of the ISAC system. The proposed model took the partial load rate of each chiller and the cooling ratio of the ice tank as optimization variables, and the lowest energy consumption loss rate and the lowest operating cost of the ISAC system were calculated. Chaotic logic self-mapping was used to initialize population to avoid falling into local optimum, and Cauchy mutation was used to increase the population’s diversity to improve the algorithm’s global search ability. The experimental results show that compared with the operation strategy based on constant proportion, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and firefly algorithm (FA), the optimal operation strategy based on IFA can achieve more significant energy-saving and economic benefits. Meanwhile, the convergence accuracy and stability of the algorithm are significantly improved.

Practical application: The optimized operation strategy of the ice-storage air-conditioning system can reduce energy loss and operating costs. The traditional operation strategies have the problems of low optimization precision and poor optimization effect. Therefore, this study presents an optimal operation strategy based on IFA. The convergence accuracy and stability of the algorithm are increased after the algorithm is improved. The operation strategy can get the maximum energy-saving effect and economic benefit of the ISAC system.
Application of 3D-Printed Model in the Cervical Spine Osteochondroma Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Liao Jyun-Yi , Huang Chien-Yu , Liao Wei-Chuan , Kang Bor-Hwang , Chang Kuo-Ping
Published: October 2021

A 73-year-old woman having a throat lump sensation and dysphagia for the past several months presented at our otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic. A physical examination disclosed a protruding subepithelial mass over the right tonsil fossa. The mass was not tender and had no mucosal lesions or signs of active infection. Therefore, we arranged face and neck computed tomography scans, which reported a solitary osseous lesion over the anterior-right aspect of the C1-2 joint. Considering the rarity and unfamiliar anatomy of this disease, we built a 3D-printed model to assist with the surgical rehearsal of the procedure as well as with a preoperation discussion with the patient and her family. We arranged a combined Otolaryngology-Neurosurgery department approach after discussion with the neurosurgeon and successfully removed the lesion without sacrificing the overlying longus capitis muscle. The pathology examination revealed no evidence of malignancy. The final diagnosis was cervical spine solitary osteochondroma. The patient had a complete recovery of both oral cavity and normal swallowing function. No tumor recurred during the 3-year follow-up. On the basis of this case, in-house 3D-printing technology can offer a rapid, reliable model for an interdisciplinary team to use to enhance personalized presurgical planning, thus providing better patient engagement during hospitalization.
Home, but Left Alone: Time at Home and Child Abuse and Neglect During COVID-19
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Boy Angela , Feely Megan , Messner Stephen , Raissian Kerri , Schneider William , Self-Brown Shannon
Published: October 2021

We use high-frequency mobile phone movement data and quick-release administrative data from Georgia to examine how time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic is related to child maltreatment referrals. Findings show that referrals plummeted by 58% relative to previous years, driven by fewer referrals from education personnel. After this initial decline, however, each 15 minutes at home was associated with an increase in referrals of material neglect by 3.5% and supervisory neglect by 1%. Our results describe how children have fared during the initial wave of the pandemic, and the results have long-term implications for child development and well-being.
Promoting L2 acquisition of multiword units through textually enhanced audiovisual input: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Puimège Eva , Montero Perez Maribel , Peters Elke
Published: October 2021

This study examines the effect of textual enhancement on learners’ attention to and learning of multiword units from captioned audiovisual input. We adopted a within-participants design in which 28 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) watched a captioned video containing enhanced (underlined) and unenhanced multiword units. Using eye-tracking, we measured learners’ online processing of the multiword units as they appeared in the captions. Form recall pre- and posttests measured learners’ acquisition of the target items. The results of mixed effects models indicate that enhanced items received greater visual attention, with longer reading times, less single word skipping and more rereading. Further, a positive relationship was found between amount of visual attention and learning odds: items fixated longer, particularly during the first pass, were more likely to be recalled in an immediate posttest. Our findings provide empirical support for the positive effect of visual attention on form recall of multiword units encountered in captioned television. The results also suggest that item difficulty and amount of attention were more important than textual enhancement in predicting learning gains.
Posttranscriptional inhibition of γ-adducin promotes the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Suo Zhigang , Ma Xiucai , Ding Yueping , Zhou Yu , Duan Xiangguo , Fei Le , Song Jianmin , Ding Huiqiang
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The expression of cytoskeleton-related protein γ-adducin (ADD3) was abnormally reduced in some tumors. Functional experiments demonstrated that it could inhibit the malignant progression of lung cancer and glioma, whereas the involvement of ADD3 in osteosarcoma was not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ADD3 in osteosarcoma and its upstream regulatory mechanisms.

Methods:

ADD3 was knocked down by siRNA transfection and the expression level of ADD3 was determined using quantitative real-time PCR assay and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and colony formation were performed to detect the capacity of cell proliferation. Transwell assay and PI and Annexin V-FITC staining were used to determine cell migration and apoptosis, respectively. Luciferase reporter experiment was performed to investigate the interaction between ADD3 and miR-23b-3p.

Results:

Based on gene silencing assays, we showed that knockdown of ADD3 suppressed apoptosis and promoted the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, revealing inhibitory effects of ADD3 in osteosarcoma. Luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-23b-3p could bind to the 3'-UTR of ADD3. Upregulation of miR-23b-3p not only inhibited the expression of ADD3, but also released the tumor suppressive role of ADD3 on the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells.

Conclusions:

Our study found that ADD3 functioned as a tumor suppressor gene during osteosarcoma development. The abnormal upregulation of miR-23b-3p targeted the expression of ADD3 and resulted in accelerated osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. Thus, the miR-23b-3p/ADD3 axis contributes to the development of osteosarcoma and ADD3 is a key driver of malignancy.
Volumetric staging in radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancers
Authors: Miszczyk Marcin , Staniewska Emilia , Jabłońska Iwona , Lipka-Rajwa Aleksandra , Stawiski Konrad , Tarnawski Rafał
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Despite routine use of 3D radiotherapy planning in radical radio(chemo)therapy for oropharyngeal cancers, volumetric data have not been implemented in initial staging. We analyzed 228 oropharyngeal cancer cases treated at one institution between 2004 and 2014 to compare the predictive value of volumetric staging and tumor nodal metastasis staging system (TNM) and determine whether they could be complementary for the estimation of survival.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 228 consecutive oropharyngeal cancer cases treated with radiotherapy (76.9%) or concurrent radiochemotherapy (23.1%) between 2004 and 2014. The volumetric parameters included primary gross tumor volume (pGTV), metastatic lymph nodes gross tumor volume (nGTV), and total gross tumor volume (tGTV), and were compared with the 7th edition of the TNM staging system.

Results:

Median overall survival (OS) was 30.3 months. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, tGTV had the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66, followed by pGTV (AUC,0.64), nGTV (AUC 0.62), and TNM (AUC 0.6). The median OS for patients with tGTV ⩽32.2 mL was 40.5 months, compared to 15.4 months for >32.2 mL ( p < 0.001). This threshold allowed for a statistically significant difference in survival between TNM stage IV cases with low and high tumor volume ( p < 0.001). Despite both TNM and tGTV reaching statistical significance in univariate analysis, only the tGTV remained an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 1.07, confidence interval 1.02–1.12, p = 0.008).

Conclusions:

tGTV is an independent prognostic factor, characterized by a higher discriminatory value than the TNM staging system, and can be used to further divide stage IV cases into subgroups with significantly different prognosis.
Commentary on Financialisation Theme Issue Papers
Authors: Fine Ben
Published: October 2021

This commentary offers some observations on and around aspects of the Financialisation Theme Issue Papers.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes by Graft Type in Superior Capsular Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Alexander , Farooqi Ali S. , Novikov David , Li Xinning , Kelly John D. , Parisien Robert L.
Published: October 2021

Background:

In recent years, superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has emerged as a promising treatment for massive rotator cuff tears and has been performed with an array of graft options, most commonly dermal allograft and tensor fascia lata (TFL) autograft.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical outcomes, functional outcomes, and complication rates after SCR performed with dermal allograft, TFL autograft, long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) autograft, and porcine xenograft.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were systematically reviewed for studies that enrolled ≥10 patients who underwent SCR and presented clinical outcome data at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. When available, pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcome scores and clinical examination data were extracted. Outcome data were then compared by graft type. A meta-analysis was also conducted of graft tear and reoperation rates after SCR with dermal allograft and TFL autograft.

Results:

Human dermal allograft and TFL autograft were each utilized in 7 studies, LHBT autograft in 2 studies, and porcine xenograft in 1 study. Dermal allograft, TFL autograft, and LHBT autograft demonstrated comparable median (range) postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores of 85.3 (77.5-89), 88.6 (73.7-94.3), and 82.7 (80-85.4), respectively. The median postoperative pain scores per visual analog scale for dermal allograft, TFL autograft, and LHBT autograft were 0.8, 2.5, and 1.4. Median postoperative forward elevation was 159.0°, 147.0°, 163.8°, and 151.4° for dermal allograft, TFL autograft, LHBT autograft, and porcine xenograft. Meta-analysis demonstrated a comparable pooled graft tear rate between TFL autograft (9%; 95% CI, 4%-16%) and dermal allograft (7%; 95% CI, 2%-13%). Similarly, the pooled reoperation rate was similar for TFL autograft (3%; 95% CI, 0%-7%) and dermal allograft (6%; 95% CI, 2%-12%). Among the 3 studies with pre- and postoperative information on pseudoparalysis, 73 of 76 (96%) patients with an intact/repairable subscapularis had a reversal of their pseudoparalysis after SCR.

Conclusion:

Dermal allograft, TFL autograft, and LHBT autograft are all suitable options for SCR and demonstrate significant improvements in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, pain score per visual analog scale, and forward elevation. Moreover, dermal allograft and TFL autograft have comparable rates of graft tear and reoperation.
Complications Related to Latarjet Shoulder Stabilization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cho Chul-Hyun , Na Sang Soo , Choi Byung-Chan , Kim Du-Han
Published: October 2021

Background:

In cases of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a glenoid defect, Latarjet procedures are widely used for stabilization. Although complications with this procedure have been reported, few studies have comprehensively analyzed issues related to the Latarjet procedure.

Purpose:

To identify the overall complication rate of the Latarjet procedure used for anterior shoulder instability and to compare the rate of complications between arthroscopic and open approaches.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed by using the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Data on complications were extracted and classified as intraoperative, postoperative, or instability-related for further analysis. Quality assessments were performed with criteria from the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS). A quantitative synthesis of data was conducted to compare the complication rates between arthroscopic and open approaches.

Results:

A total of 35 articles were included in this analysis. The MINORS score was 11.89. A total 2560 Latarjet procedures (2532 patients) were included. The overall complication rate was 16.1% (n = 412). The intraoperative complication rate was 3.4% (n = 87) and included a 1.9% (n = 48) incidence of nerve injuries and a 1.0% (n = 25) incidence of iatrogenic fractures. Screw problems, vascular injuries, and conversion arthroscopic to open surgery each occurred at a rate of <1%. The postoperative complication rate was 6.5% (n = 166), and the most common complication was nonunion (1.3%; n = 33). The instability-related complication rate was 6.2% (n = 159) and included a 1.5% (n = 38) rate of redislocation, a 2.9% (n = 75) rate of positive apprehension test, and a 1.0% (n = 26) rate of instability. Overall, 2.6% (n = 66) of patients required an unplanned secondary operation after the initial surgery. The arthroscopic approach was associated with a higher rate of intraoperative complications compared with the open approach (5.0% vs 2.9%; P =.020) and a lower rate of instability-related complications (3.1% vs 7.2%; P < .001).

Conclusion:

The Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability results in an overall complication rate of 16.1% and a reoperation rate of 2.6%. However, serious complications at short-term follow-up appear rare. When the arthroscopic approach was used, the rate of intraoperative complications was higher, although instability-related complications were lower when compared with the open approach.
Optimization of valve plate applied in secondary unit and noise reduction
Authors: Tan Li , Xie Haibo , Xiao Gang , Tang Herong , Li Yuenian , Yang Huayong
Published: October 2021

Secondary unit, in term of application, is the combination of pump and motor, the valve plate specifically designed for pump or motor may not be suitable for a secondary unit. This paper mainly discusses design of valve plate of secondary unit applied in mobile crane, several critical points needed to be noticed during design have been discussed, furthermore, by adopting the proposed method to optimize a valve plate, which originates from closed-loop pump and now is used in opened-loop system, noise reduction was realized. Firstly, 1D simulation models, including pump condition and motor condition, were established in AMESim to obtain cylinder pressure, flow ripple and other critical parameters; secondly, by using Pumplinx, 3D numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the cavitation risk; finally, a test bed was set up to validate the simulation result. Simulation result agreed well with the tested one. Both of them verified practicability of the proposed method. This research may provide a guidance for engineers and scholars who are interested in pump and motor.
Undetected anogenital sexually transmitted infections among young adults living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy: Implications for HIV treatment as prevention
Authors: Kalichman Seth C , Eaton Lisa A , Kalichman Moira O
Published: October 2021

Undetected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose health threats to people living with HIV and when combined with uncontrolled HIV can amplify HIV transmission. The current study screened 174 self-identified men under age 36 living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for urethral and rectal incident chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. Participants were also screened for biomarkers indicating alcohol and other drug use, subclinical genital inflammation, and HIV viral load. ART adherence and sexual behaviors were also assessed prospectively over 1 month. Results detected an undiagnosed STI in 32 (18%) individuals. Participants with a previously undetected STI had significantly greater HIV viremia than those who did not have an STI after controlling for several confounding variables. Participants with an undetected STI also engaged in greater condomless anal intercourse with HIV negative and unknown status partners, including partners to whom they had not disclosed their HIV status. These findings show that undetected STI are associated with incomplete ART adherence and unsuppressed HIV, all of which are important for preventing HIV transmission.