bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axiomatic design for lean autonomous maintenance system: an application from textile industry
Authors: Kose Yildiz , Muftuoglu Suleyman , Cevikcan Emre , Durmusoglu Mehmet Bulent
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Autonomous maintenance (AM), one of the pillars of total productive maintenance (TPM), aims to achieve performance toward zero defects and zero breakdowns. AM system equipped with comprehensive lean tools provides continuous improvement during the AM activities. Despite its long duration, establishing a lean AM system with a robust guideline would provide significant benefits such as high quality and short lead time. Therefore, AM design approach should be provided in a holistic and detailed manner. This study aims to develop a framework for AM design, including preliminary, reactive, preventive and proactive steps using the axiomatic design (AD).

Design/methodology/approach

Requirements and technical parameters of the AM system are explored with AD. An extensive literature review and a real-life application are presented.

Findings

The proposed design was validated by adapting the proposed roadmap to a textile manufacturing system in Turkey. The application results justify the established AM system design with an average downtime improvement of 69.2% and the average elapsed time between two failures improvement of 65.1% for apparel department.

Originality/value

This study has the novelty of establishing an overall AM system design with all of its stages stepwise. It presents a comprehensive guideline in terms of integration of lean philosophy into AM design by generating maintenance-related use cases for lean tools. The developed approach facilitates creating and analyzing complex systems to improve maintenance implementations while reducing nonvalue-added operations.
“Basically, everything needs to be adapted”: provider perceptions of challenges and recommendations for effective health care with Karen people
Authors: Horn Tonya L. , McCleary Jennifer S.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Karen people from Burma are a new population in resettlement countries. While research increasingly documents their health needs, few studies describe how health-care providers adapt their practices to serve this group. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of providers who work with Karen patients/clients in health settings, documenting the challenges they face, how they adapt their practice and recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a qualitative survey and one phone interview with a total of 20 providers who had first-hand experience caring for Karen people in health settings. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Two main categories described challenges providers faced in working with Karen people in health settings: system-level challenges and interpersonal communication challenges. Five main categories described specific strategies and support needed to adapt practice for Karen patients in health settings: strategies for improving communication and mutual understanding; partnering with Karen staff, interpreters and cultural brokers; strategies for building trust and rapport; addressing needs related to case management, care coordination and social determinants of health; recommendations for provider training.

Originality/value

This paper contributes suggestions for adapting practice to meet the health needs of Karen people from the perspective of health-care providers in a location that is nationally recognized for its excellence in refugee health.
Assessing spectator motivation for the Paralympics: the mediating role of attitude
Authors: Kim Minhong , Park Jinwoo , Yoon Youngmin
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of para-sport spectator motivation on spectator revisit intentions and the mediating effect of attitude on motivation and revisit intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted in the context of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Paralympic Games. A total of 350 respondents completed a survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data.

Findings

Inspiration, supercrip image, physical skill/aesthetics, and social interaction had strong influences on attitudes toward Winter Paralympics, and attitude was also shown to have a strong impact on revisit intentions. The results also revealed the mediating effect of attitude on para-sports motivation factors (inspiration, supercrip image, physical skill/aesthetics, and social interaction) and revisit intentions.

Originality/value

This study extends the literature on para-sport spectator motivation. Although there are a few studies examining spectators' motivation to attend para-sport events, there is limited research on the relationships among motivation, attitude, and revisit intention based on consumer attitude theories. The results are valuable to sport managers in increasing the propensity of para-sports events by understanding the factors that lead to changes in attitudes and increases in future attendance.
Stakeholder perceptions of volunteer tourism community impact
Authors: Aquino Jessica , Andereck Kathleen L.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine volunteer tourism (VT) experiences of three stakeholder groups in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The guiding research question is: how does VT influence marginalized communities from the perspectives of different stakeholders? This study was developed to address a need for further research that critically looks at the social impacts of VT in vulnerable communities and analyze the nature of VT by reviewing concepts related to sustainable tourism and social representation theory (SRT).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a phenomenological approach, this study is founded on SRT to understand the lived experiences of VT and the perceptions of its impacts on favela (slum) communities. This paper describes and interprets these meanings with a high degree of depth and richness using interviews, observation and document analysis. The experiences of community residents, voluntourists and non-governmental organization (NGO) staff are considered.

Findings

Study findings indicate that the different groups expressed several benefits and obstacles to VT. Voluntourists had a difficult time interpreting what influences VT has in general for the community focusing more inwardly on their personal experiences. Community residents experienced VT differently than the other groups. They identified the most benefits from VT and felt that they had the ability to create representations of themselves and of their community overall. NGOs expressed positive aspects of VT such as more community participation but noted concerns with voluntourists’ commitment.

Originality/value

This study is one of few to consider and compare the VT perceptions of three different stakeholder groups in vulnerable communities.
Judgment method of grasping stability for dexterous hand based on force balance theorem and Monte Carlo method
Authors: Wang Yinghan , Chen Diansheng , Liu Zhe
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Multi-sensor fusion in robotic dexterous hands is a hot research field. However, there is little research on multi-sensor fusion rules. This study aims to introduce a multi-sensor fusion algorithm using a motor force sensor, film pressure sensor, temperature sensor and angle sensor, which can form a consistent interpretation of grasp stability by sensor fusion without multi-dimensional force/torque sensors.

Design/methodology/approach

This algorithm is based on the three-finger force balance theorem, which provides a judgment method for the unknown force direction. Moreover, the Monte Carlo method calculates the grasping ability and judges the grasping stability under a certain confidence interval using probability and statistics. Based on three fingers, the situation of four- and five-fingered dexterous hand has been expanded. Moreover, an experimental platform was built using dexterous hands, and a grasping experiment was conducted to confirm the proposed algorithm. The grasping experiment uses three fingers and five fingers to grasp different objects, use the introduced method to judge the grasping stability and calculate the accuracy of the judgment according to the actual grasping situation.

Findings

The multi-sensor fusion algorithms are universal and can perform multi-sensor fusion for multi-finger rigid, flexible and rigid-soft coupled dexterous hands. The three-finger balance theorem and Monte Carlo method can better replace the discrimination method using multi-dimensional force/torque sensors.

Originality/value

A new multi-sensor fusion algorithm is proposed and verified. According to the experiments, the accuracy of grasping judgment is more than 85%, which proves that the method is feasible.
The upside of narcissism as an influential personality trait: exploring the entrepreneurial behaviour of established entrepreneurs
Authors: Botha Melodi , Sibeko Sphumelele
Published: September 2022

Purpose

As research emerged in terms of how narcissism, a negative or dark trait, has been found to be constructive in enhancing entrepreneurial behaviour, there are mixed results regarding the significance of narcissism in the field of entrepreneurship. Additionally, this previous research has mostly been conducted on student or nascent entrepreneur samples within developed economies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore how narcissistic traits of established entrepreneurs in an emerging economy context infuence their entrepreneurial behaviour both positively and negatively.

Design/methodology/approach

Gioia methodology was applied in the qualitative study by means of in-depth interviews, which allowed for the unpacking of narcissistic traits among established entrepreneurs in South Africa. Four themes emerged from the data, and included insights related to entrepreneurial experience influencing behaviour; business growth linked to personal development; opportunity identification versus loss; and identity separation in relation to authentic identity versus an entrepreneurial identity.

Findings

The findings of the paper contribute to creating an understanding of how to hone individual narcissistic traits for positive influences that develop entrepreneurs while also contributing to their business development, opportunity realization and identity. In addition, the findings highlighted a separation between established entrepreneurs’ authentic personality and the inputs that end up resulting in the entrepreneurial personality.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the possibility of narcissism functioning as a business process involved in entrepreneurship rather than a necessary personality trait. An interesting dynamic contributed to what seems to be a constant battle between the authentic identity and the entrepreneur identity, gaining deeper insight surrounding established entrepreneurs’ experiences to survive and, more importantly, thrive as entrepreneurs.
Grassroot processes of knowledge sharing to build social innovation capabilities
Authors: Fait Monica , Magni Domitilla , Perano Mirko , Farina Briamonte Massimiliano , Sasso Pasquale
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to offer an empirical analysis to identify the relation between the adoption of knowledge management practices and the improvement of social innovation capabilities as an outcome of the knowledge sharing. Specifically, social innovation capabilities are triggered by knowledge-sharing enablers, such as intrinsic and extrinsic socially driven motivations.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a sample from 300 nonprofit organizations, the study explains causal relationships in terms of the multiplicity of triggers that act on a social innovation capability. The research applied the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method through SmartPLS 3.3 software. Data are collected from an online survey and highlight the employees’ and volunteers’ boost in nonprofit organizations to seek positive social change as a priority goal of their business model.

Findings

The results support the existence of a direct and positive relationship between knowledge-sharing enablers (i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic socially driven motivations), the mechanism of the formation of knowledge-sharing behaviors (an inside-out and outside-in process) and social innovation capabilities.

Research limitations/implications

The study combines the open innovation framework with social innovation activities and investigates the role of knowledge sharing in the building of social innovation capabilities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is the first attempt to describe a synergic framework, including open innovation literature, social innovation capability and knowledge-sharing processes.

Originality/value

This paper is a part of the research stream that focuses on the processes of distribution of knowledge flows along the boundaries of the organization. Thus, this study broadens the field of knowledge management and social innovation initiatives.
The evolution of e-government research over two decades: applying bibliometrics and science mapping analysis
Authors: Ramzy Mina , Ibrahim Bahaa
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study uses a bibliometric approach to analyze the overall status of e-government research by revealing patterns and trends that would help gain a broad understanding of global developments in the field and future directions.

Design/methodology/approach

All documents related to e-government published from 2000 to 2019 were extracted from the Scopus and the Digital Government Reference Library databases. Bibexcel, Biblioshiny, and VOSviewer were used to perform the analyses and visualize the science mapping.

Findings

The results showed that 21,320 documents related to e-government research were published and cited 263,179 times. The annual growth rate of e-government research has reached 21.50%. The regression analysis showed that the growth rate is expected to increase gradually over the coming years. Despite the significant role that conference papers play in the e-government literature, the impact of articles far exceeds conference papers. The University of Albany (SUNY) has played an important role in e-government research in terms of production and impact. Furthermore, the study revealed some countries that are expected to play a prominent role in e-government research, as well as several topics that may attract more attention soon.

Originality/value

The results presented in this study and the comprehensive picture obtained about the e-government field make it an effective supplement to the expert evaluation. Thus, researchers, research managers, policymakers, institutions, funding agencies, and governments can rely on it.
Assessing mental health literacy in Pakistani youth using case-vignettes
Authors: Faize Fayyaz Ahmed , Idrees Samreen , Sohail Maheen
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to assess mental health literacy (MHL) in the general population using six case vignettes related to depression, mania, psychosis, conversion disorder (CD), obsessive compulsion disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Design/methodology/approach

Each vignette had nine items related to MHL. The sample comprised 4,590 young adults conveniently selected from twin cities in Pakistan. Participants’ responses were converted into percentages and percentiles to find MHL levels.

Findings

The men had moderate MHL in depression and inadequate MHL in the remaining five illnesses. The women had adequate MHL in depression and moderate MHL in mania, psychosis, OCD and PTSD while inadequate in CD. Comparing item-wise understanding, the participants had an adequate understanding of identifying the illness, who could suffer and whether the illness was treatable. However, they struggled with naming the illness, knowing about it and how to treat and identify the person who can treat it.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study are helpful for mental health professionals, policymakers and individuals who identify the target areas for engagement and improving MHL in the general population.

Originality/value

This study provides data about MHL related to six mental illnesses, unlike previous studies focusing on a few illnesses. This study recommends awareness sessions, community workshops and engaging social and electronic media for improving MHL and seeking help from relevant health professionals for mental illnesses instead of spiritual healers and witchcraft.
Humour and mental health: a case study of Arthur Asa Berger
Authors: Berger Arthur Asa , Gonot-Schoupinsky Freda
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to elicit insight on how humour may support mental health from Arthur Asa Berger, Professor Emeritus at San Francisco State University, author of more than 150 articles and 90 books, many on humour and humorous artist.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study, followed by a 10-question interview, intentionally embraces visual autobiography to present Arthur’s creative humorous contributions.

Findings

Arthur conveys the importance of humour, not so much from joke-telling, which can be problematic, but in fun conversations, witty remarks and puns. We learn of his 45 humour techniques, and ways to apply humour in teaching, writing and drawing for therapeutic benefit.

Research limitations/implications

This is a personal narrative, albeit from someone who has been academically and personally involved with humour for over 60 years.

Practical implications

Evidence of the benefits of humour for mental health is mounting. Appreciating and harnessing humour, including with the 45 humour techniques, whenever you can, is recommended.

Social implications

Humour supports relationship building and social inclusion. Social humour is best when it amuses others, offers positive insights into social relationships and is life affirming to both the humourist and their audience.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, Arthur was the first to publish a PhD dissertation on a comic strip and has been at the vanguard of humour application in teaching, academic writing, drawing, popular comedy and humorous murder mysteries for decades. Arthur will be 90 years old in 2023.
Predicting thrust force during drilling of composite laminates with step drills through the Gaussian process regression
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Here, the authors use step angles, stage ratios, feed rates and spindle speeds as predictors to develop a Gaussian process regression for predicting thrust force during composite laminates drilling with step drills.

Design/methodology/approach

Use of machine learning methods could benefit machining process optimizations. Accurate, stable and robust performance is one of major criteria in choosing among different models. For industrial applications, it is also important to consider model applicability, ease of implementations and cost effectiveness.

Findings

This model turns out to be simple, accurate and stable, which helps fast estimates of thrust force. Through combining the Taguchi method's optimization results and the Gaussian process regression, more data could be expected to be extracted through fewer experiments.

Originality/value

Through combining the Taguchi method's optimization results and the Gaussian process regression, more data could be expected to be extracted through fewer experiments.
Reflexivity in the field encounter in qualitative research: learning from Gadamer
Authors: McBride Neil Kenneth
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Reflexivity involves critical reflection by the qualitative researcher as to the influence of the researcher's culture, history and belief on the conduct and outcome of the research. It is often seen as a practice exercised in the analysis of results in order to attempt to objectify the research. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the value of reflexivity is located in its practice in the field encounter as a means of recognising and embracing subjectivity. In order to widen reflexivity as hermeneutics, the paper draws on Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics as developed in “Truth and Method”.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper which distils critical themes from Gadamer's truth and method and applies them to the concept of reflexivity as applied in the field.

Findings

The paper suggests that reflexivity is an important component in the field encounter. Immersion in the language and terms of the field is critical to understanding meaning; who I am, my past, my lived experience are essential inputs to my research; the researcher's opinions, ideas and outspoken statements are part of the fabric of qualitative research; qualitative interpretation as a creative exercise; qualitative research should bring insight and understanding that can be applied to catalyse change.

Practical implications

Understanding and applying reflexivity in the field will provide innovative insights which can be carried through to the data analysis.

Originality/value

This study uniquely applies Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics to reflexivity and the field encounter.
Dispersed communities in age-friendly work: an intersectional approach to place-based working
Authors: Wilkinson Sarah , Lang Luciana , Yarker Sophie
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present alternative ways of addressing inequality in age-friendly work by drawing attention to the limitations of place-based approaches in meeting the needs of dispersed communities.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study of the age-friendly programme Ambition for Ageing (AfA) is used to explore three examples of working with minority communities.

Findings

Place-based age-friendly development risks further marginalising older people belonging to dispersed communities of identity or experience; therefore, we need to adopt adopt an intersectional approach to inequality in later life.

Practical implications

Three ways that age-friendly programmes may become more inclusive of minority groups who are geographically dispersed are identified: bringing community members together; co-production; and supporting visibility in mainstream settings.

Originality/value

This paper brings together insights from the AfA programme, critically assessing place-based approaches in relation to working with dispersed communities of identity. It offers some ways to mitigate limitations through adopting tailored equality approaches.
Geoalkalibacter halelectricus SAP‐1 sp. nov. possessing extracellular electron transfer and mineral‐reducing capabilities from a haloalkaline environment
Authors: Yadav Sukrampal , Singh Ramandeep , Sundharam Shiva S. , Chaudhary Srishti , Krishnamurthi Srinivasan , Patil Sunil A.
Published: September 2022

The extracellular electron transfer (EET)‐capable electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) play crucial roles in mineral cycling and interspecies electron transfer in different environments and are used as biocatalysts in microbial electrochemical technologies. Studying EAMs from extreme environments is desired to advance the electromicrobiology discipline, understanding their unique metabolic traits with implications to extreme microbiology, and develop specific bioelectrochemical applications. Here, we present a novel haloalkaliphilic bacterium named Geoalkalibacter halelectricus SAP‐1, isolated from a microbial electroactive biofilm enriched from the haloalkaline lake sediments. It is a rod‐shaped Gram‐negative heterotrophic anaerobe that uses various carbon and energy sources and respires on soluble and insoluble terminal electron acceptors. Besides 16S‐rRNA and whole‐genome sequence‐based phylogeny, the GGDC values of 21.7%, ANI of 78.5%, and 2.77% genomic DNA GC content difference with the closest validly named species Geoalkalibacter ferrihydriticus (DSM 17813T) confirmed its novelty. When grown with the solid‐state electrode as the only electron acceptor, it produced 460 ± 23 μA/cm2 bioelectrocatalytic current, thereby confirming its electroactivity. Further electrochemical analysis revealed the presence of membrane redox components with a high formal potential, putatively involved in the direct mode of EET. These are distinct from EET components reported for any known electroactive microorganisms, including well‐studied Geobacter spp., Shewanella spp., and Desulfuromonas acetexigens. The capabilities of G. halelectricus SAP‐1 to respire on soluble and insoluble electron acceptors including fumarate, SO42−, Fe3+, and Mn4+ suggests its role in cycling these elements in haloalkaline environments.
Adaptability and variety adoption: Implications for plant breeding policy in a changing climate
Authors: Torshizi Mohammad , Gray Richard
Published: September 2022

Adaptability of a seed variety to a wide range of environmental conditions is important in farmers' variety adoption decisions, especially with the increased environmental volatility induced by climate change. Despite the apparent need for information, variety trial reports generally report average relative yields, but they do not provide farmers with measures of variety adaptability. Our theoretical model postulates that the adaptability of seed varieties matters in farmers' variety adoption choices. To test this conjecture, and to measure the magnitude of the effect, we develop a new measure of variety adaptability and estimate an empirical model of adoption in Western Canada. We find that a 1% increase in the adaptability of a variety will increase its adoption by 0.45%. This effect is statistically and economically significant. Our results imply that adding a measure of variety adaptability to crop variety guides could enhance the adoption of superior crop varieties, benefiting both farmers and breeders.
Working it out: Will the improved management of leaky bodies in the workplace create a dialogue between medical sociology and disability studies?
Authors: Remnant Jennifer , Sang Katherine , Myhill Katriona , Calvard Thomas , Chowdhry Sushila , Richards James
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on the workplace as a significant site of convergence between the disciplines of medical sociology and disability studies. As disability remains on the margins of sociological exploration and theorising relating to health and work, disabled workers remain on the margins of the workforce, subject to disproportionate rates of unemployment, under employment and workplace mistreatment. The article focuses on the experiences of people with ‘leaky bodies’, focussing specifically on employees who experience troubling menstruation and/or have gynaecological health conditions. It brings together data from three studies conducted between 2017 and 2020; interviews with disabled academics (n = 75), university staff with gynaecological health conditions (n = 23), and key stakeholders in universities (n = 36) (including university executives, line managers and human resources staff). These studies had separate, but linked foci, on the inaccessibility of workplaces, managing gynaecological health conditions at work and supporting disabled people at work respectively. Drawing on the Social Relational Model of disability and theories of embodiment, we explore the experiences and management of workers with leaky bodies in UK University workplaces. Data illustrates how workplace practices undermine embodied experiences of workers with ‘leaky’ bodies by maintaining workplaces which ignore their material reality. We highlight that addressing embodied needs alongside acknowledging disabled people as an oppressed political category represents a theoretical meeting point for disability studies and medical sociology.
Austerity and identity formation: How welfare cutbacks condition narratives of sickness
Authors: Altermark Niklas , Plesner Åsa
Published: September 2022

In recent years, Swedish sick insurance has become more restrictive. In this article, we analyse how people not being granted payments, despite being seriously ill, are affected. Scholarship on identity formation and sickness stress the importance of constructing narratives in order to come to terms with one’s situation. Our analysis of 30 qualitative interviews with people diagnosed with ME/CFS shows that workfare politics conditions such identity formation and often prevents it from taking place. Interviewees describe extreme stress as a result of their contacts with the Social Insurance Agency (SIA), which results in a perpetual crisis that is renewed with each new denied application. In particular, the sense of not having a future means that it is hard to construct narratives to make sense of one’s situation. To escape the perpetual crisis, some people have politicised their situation, constructing a narrative about themselves as suffering from oppressive politics. Others have escaped by not applying for sick insurance or other social insurances. But generally speaking, the most common effect of being denied sick insurance is an ongoing crisis that leads to deteriorating health.
Prednisolone and enoxaparin (clexane) therapy (‘the Bondi protocol’) for repeated IVF failure
Authors: Sacks Gavin , Zhang Jessica
Published: September 2022

Problem

What is the impact of an empirical immune therapy protocol of prednisolone and enoxaparin (clexane) (the ‘Bondi protocol’) on women with repeated in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure?

Method of study

This was a retrospective review of live birth outcomes conducted on all transfer cycles performed by a single clinician (GS) at IVFAustralia between February 2016 and April 2020. This study consisted of 1786 transfer cycles, including 460 cycles treated with the Bondi protocol and 1326 without. Women with repeated IVF failure were given the Bondi protocol based on blood NK cell activity. Primary outcome was live birth and statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism software with significance for P‐values < .05.

Results

Overall ‘Bondi’ and ‘normal’ protocol cycles had similar rates of IVF/ICSI, fresh/frozen transfers and use of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). Women given the Bondi protocol were older, had more previous cycles and had higher blood NK cell activity. There was no significant difference in live birth rates (Bondi 26%, normal 28%). Bondi protocol live birth rates per transfer cycle were as high as 40% in patients under 38 years old. The Bondi protocol was more effective as NK activity increased from ‘normal’ to ‘borderline’ to ‘high’. For high NK cell activity levels, live birth rates were over four times higher for women on the Bondi protocol (28%) than those on normal protocols (6%, P = .0007).

Conclusion

This study describes a simple and relatively safe immune therapy protocol that may improve IVF success rates in women with evidence of immune dysfunction.
Effect of perceived public stigma on internalized homophobia, anticipated stigma, shame, and guilt: Outness as a moderator
Authors: Liu Fangsong , Ye Zilan , Chui Harold , Chong Eddie S.K.
Published: September 2022

Although previous studies found that distal minority stress contributes to proximal minority stress and shame/guilt among the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population, it is unclear whether the extent to which LGB individuals' open display and discussion their sexual orientation moderates these relationships. A total of 1,452 Chinese LGB adults provided demographic information and completed measures of outness, perceived public stigma, internalized homophobia, anticipated stigma, shame, and guilt. Structural equation modelling was conducted to test the hypothesized moderation analyses. Perceived public stigma had positive associations with internalized homophobia, anticipated stigma, shame, and guilt. Outness played a moderating role in the associations of perceived public stigma with internalized homophobia, anticipated stigma, shame, and guilt. Specifically, when LGB individuals had higher levels of outness, the effects of perceived public stigma on internalized homophobia, anticipated stigma, shame, and guilt were lower. Moreover, such moderating effect did not differ by sexual orientation. The degree to which sexual minority individuals' sexual orientation is known by and openly discussed with others may lower the extent to which LGB individuals internalize sexual stigma, expect rejection after coming out, and develop shame and guilt as a result of perceived social prejudice and discrimination.
Standard and flexible tip bougie for tracheal intubation using a non‐channelled hyperangulated videolaryngoscope: a randomised comparison#
Authors: Oxenham O. , Pairaudeau C. , Moody T. , Mendonca C.
Published: September 2022

Bougie impingement during tracheal intubation can increases the likelihood of prolonged intubation time, failed intubation and airway trauma. A flexible tip bougie may overcome this problem, which can occur when using a non‐channelled, hyperangulated videolaryngoscope with a standard bougie. This randomised controlled study compared standard and flexible tip bougies using a non‐channelled videolaryngoscope (C‐MAC® D‐blade) in 160 patients. The primary outcome measure was the modified intubation difficulty scale score. Secondary outcome measures were: laryngoscopy time; total tracheal intubation time; first attempt success rate; and postoperative sore throat verbal rating score. The median (IQR [range]) modified intubation difficulty scale scores for standard bougie and flexible tip bougie were 1 (0–2[0–5]) and 0 (0–1[0–3]), respectively (p = 0.001). There was no significant differences in laryngoscopy time, total tracheal intubation time, first attempt success rate and postoperative sore throat between the two groups. Both the flexible tip and standard bougies can be used with a high first attempt success rate for tracheal intubation using a C‐MAC D‐blade videolaryngoscope. The flexible tip bougie demonstrated a significantly better modified intubation difficulty scale score and lower incidence of bougie impingement.
Design and evaluation of a social and embodied multiplayer reading game to engage primary school learners in Namibia
Authors: Itenge Helvi , Muashekele Chris , Chamunorwa Michael Bosomefi , Winschiers‐Theophilus Heike , Brereton Margot , Soro Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Namibia, a southern African country with an Ubuntu culture that emphasizes interrelations, generally displays a low reading culture. In this study, we explored a social approach to reading to engage Namibian primary learners. Inspired by promising reading approaches, such as shared group reading enhanced by embodied actions, we created Spin Da Bottle—a multiplayer reading‐action game to draw Namibian learners into reading while keeping them captivated in action. The game was co‐designed with 36 learners and then evaluated by 32 learners with an adapted immersion questionnaire, post‐experience survey and individual interviews. 50 learners were then observed while playing at a public event. Our findings confirm that learners are engaged and enjoy the collective embodied reading experience. We observed different group behaviours scaffolding individual readers. We contribute to the field of reading technologies a digital tool that creates a collective and embodied reading experience, and an adapted immersion instrument.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

It has been recognized that shared reading increases learners engagement and participation.

Dialogic reading experience is enhanced through embodied actions.

What this paper adds

Through a design‐based research approach, a digital multiplayer reading‐action game was developed to explore whether a social, embodied, group game could increase interest and engagement of children in reading. The game was co‐designed and the immersion validated with primary school learners in Namibia.

An adapted immersion instrument was derived for reading games.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Collective reading games offer weak readers support from their peers.

A Namibian inclusive education for all, considering an Ubuntu pedagogy, can be supported with appropriate technologies.

Teachers can integrate this game in the classroom by authoring their content in order to engage learners.
Classification analysis of fatty acid synthase inhibitors using multialgorithms on topological descriptors and structural fingerprints
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Karthikeyan Chandrabose , Moorthy Narayana Subbiah Hari Narayana
Published: September 2022

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is one of the enzymes required for fatty acid biosynthesis and is expressed as low or absent in most normal cells/tissues. However, this enzyme is upregulated in various cancer cells; hence, it can act as an important target to design and develop novel FASN inhibitors for cancer therapy. In the present investigation, a series of structurally diverse compounds that possessed FASN inhibitory activities were subjected to classification analysis using different algorithms such as support vector machine, decision tree, Naïve Bayes and random forest. The physicochemical descriptors and MACCS fingerprints were calculated using PaDEL software, and the WEKA software was utilized for the classification model building. The statistical parameters/confusion matrix calculated from the analysis revealed that the selected models have significant predictive performances. The results showed that the topological properties of the molecules are the main determinant for the activity classification. The key descriptors comprised of hydrogen bonding groups, especially acceptor (nHBAcc, minHBint9, minHBint5 and nwHBa), charge on the topological surface of the molecules (JGI10 & GGI2), ionization potential (GATS5i and GATS1i) and branching and distance between the groups (ETA_Eta_B_RC) are significantly contributed in the classification models. Further, the presence of heteroatoms (MACCSFP82, MACCSFP93 and MACCSFP131), especially nitrogen atom(s) and hydrogen bond acceptor groups (N–N group, NC(=O)N, N–C(=O)), actively contributed to the inhibitory activities. The results concluded that the topological polar properties concentrated in a specific region have significant FASN inhibitory activity. Hence, these results shall be used to develop novel molecules with increased FASN inhibitory activity.
Retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris impairments according to the stage of dry age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Kim Jung‐Tae , Jun Ji‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Chul , Lee Min‐Woo
Published: September 2022

Background

We aimed to analyse the retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris according to the dry age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) stage and to identify factors associated with their microvasculatures.

Methods

Patients were divided into four groups: normal controls, early, intermediate and advanced AMD groups. The vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris was compared using optical coherence tomography angiography among the groups. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the VD.

Results

The VDs of the SCP were 22.1 ± 5.7, 19.1 ± 5.4, 18.0 ± 6.4 and 12.2 ± 6.4% (p < 0.001); the VDs of the DCP were 22.4 ± 4.5, 20.7 ± 4.3, 18.1 ± 5.3 and 14.6 ± 5.8% (p < 0.001); the VDs of the choriocapillaris were 29.4 ± 3.7, 26.4 ± 4.8, 24.5 ± 4.9 and 24.2 ± 3.7% (p < 0.001) in the control, early, intermediate, and advanced groups, respectively. AMD stage and age were significantly associated with the VDs of all layers, and the VDs of the SCP and DCP were associated with visual acuity (both p < 0.001). Additionally, hypertension was associated with the VDs of the DCP (p = 0.027) and choriocapillaris (p = 0.024).

Conclusions

The retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris tended to become more impaired as the AMD stage progressed. Age was significantly associated with the microvasculature impairments of all layers, and hypertension was significantly associated with impairments of the DCP microvasculature and choriocapillaris.
Cerebrospinal fluid infiltration by chronic myeloid leukaemia: Evaluation of cytomorphological features
Authors: Shastri Malvika , Mallik Nabhajit , Kundu Reetu , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Dey Pranab
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim

To describe the cytomorphological findings of all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology samples showing infiltration by chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and their correlation with haematological findings.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis of all CSF samples reported as showing infiltration by CML on cytology from January 2014 to December 2021 was performed.

Results

A total of 10 cases with positive CSF cytology were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 34.1 years (range 17‐70 years). There were more males than females. All cases were pre‐diagnosed cases of CML on haematological investigations. On cytology, the smears showed atypical/immature blast‐like cells, with a high nucleo‐cytoplasmic ratio, opened‐up chromatin, 1‐2 conspicuous nucleoli and a scant to moderate amount of agranular to fine granular cytoplasm along with occasional granulocytic precursors. The shortest time interval for CSF positivity in a known case of CML was 5 months, and the longest interval was 11 years.

Conclusion

It is extremely uncommon to encounter CML infiltration in CSF. Timely analysis of CSF cytology samples can allow quick diagnosis and alter the patient management protocol.
Association between single‐channel and cumulative exposure to alcohol advertising and drinking behaviours among Australian adolescents
Authors: Bain Emily , Scully Maree , Wakefield Melanie , Durkin Sarah , White Victoria
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Widespread commercial promotion of alcohol products in Australia undermines the abstinence message for young people. This study aims to document the frequency of adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising and examine associations with drinking behaviours.

Methods

Students aged 12–17 years (n = 3618) participating in a cross‐sectional survey self‐reported their exposure to alcohol advertising via eight sources. Students also indicated whether they had never consumed alcohol, consumed at least a few sips of alcohol in their lifetime but none in the past month (‘irregular drinkers’) or consumed more than 10 drinks in their lifetime including at least one drink in the past month (‘drinkers’). Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined associations between both single‐channel and cumulative exposure to alcohol advertising and drinking status, controlling for sex, age and education sector.

Results

Television (61%), the internet (56%) and at sporting events (50%) were the most common channels through which students reported seeing alcohol advertising. Weekly exposure via each of the eight assessed channels was associated with being a drinker (vs. a non‐drinker or an irregular drinker, respectively), whereas only weekly exposure via television and sporting events was associated with being an irregular drinker (vs. a non‐drinker). As students' level of cumulative exposure to alcohol advertising increased, so too did their likelihood of being a drinker.

Discussion and Conclusions

Alcohol advertising exposure is positively associated with drinking among Australian adolescents. Tighter restrictions on alcohol advertising across all media in Australia may reduce adolescent exposure and help de‐normalise alcohol use.
Framings of risk and responsibility in newsprint media coverage of alcohol licensing regulations during the COVID‐19 pandemic in England
Authors: Reynolds Joanna
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Licensing is recognised as a World Health Organization (WHO) ‘best buy’ for reducing alcohol harms. In response to the 2020 COVID‐19 outbreak, many countries‐imposed restrictions on outlets selling alcohol to reduce virus transmission. In England, while shops selling alcohol were deemed ‘essential’, multiple restrictions were imposed on licenced outlets such as pubs and bars. Media reporting of licensing restrictions during the pandemic might have shaped public discourses of alcohol risks and responsibilities.

Methods

This study aimed to understand how alcohol licensing changes in England were framed in newsprint media. Two hundred and fifty‐three relevant articles from UK newsprint publications were identified through the Nexis database, published within six time points between March and December 2020 reflecting key changes to licencing in England. Thematic analysis, drawing on framing theory, was conducted to identify ‘problems’ framed in the reporting of these changes.

Results

Four dominant framings were identified: (i) licensed premises as ‘risky’ spaces; (ii) problematic drinking practices; (iii) problematic policy responses; and (iv) ‘victimisation’ of licensed premises. The presence of these framings shifted across the reporting period, but consistently, social disorder was constructed as a key risk relating to licensing changes over health harms from alcohol consumption.

Discussion and Conclusions

The analysis shows newsprint media reproduced narratives of ‘inevitable’ drinking culture and social disorder, but also emphasised expectations for evidence‐based policy‐making, in the context of licensing during the pandemic. Discourses of dissatisfaction with licensing decisions suggests potential for public health advocacy to push for licensing change to reduce alcohol health harms, in England and internationally.
Evaluation outcomes of an alcohol and pregnancy campaign targeting multiple audiences
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Booth Leon , McCausland Tahnee , Kennington Kelly , Miller Mia , Bowden Jacqueline , Stafford Julia
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mass media campaign alerting the public to the potential harms of alcohol to unborn babies and to inform future intervention efforts.

Method

An online survey was administered to 889 adult Western Australians. The survey assessed demographic characteristics, typical alcohol use, recognition and perceptions of the campaign, and behavioural changes resulting from campaign exposure. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with perceived campaign effectiveness.

Results

Most respondents reported having seen/heard the campaign on at least one form of media (71%). Most considered the campaign to be believable (89%), clear (88%), trustworthy (87%), memorable (82%) and among the best they had seen (78%). As a result of campaign exposure, a large majority reported increased concern about drinking during pregnancy (85%) and most female respondents reported being much less likely to use alcohol during a pregnancy (83%). One‐third of female respondents (33%) reported that as a result of being exposed to the campaign they had decided not to consume alcohol while pregnant. Confidence to abstain, awareness of strategies to abstain, lower socioeconomic position, residing in the metropolitan area and recognising the campaign were significantly associated with greater perceived campaign effectiveness.

Discussion and Conclusions

Results indicate the campaign was well received by respondents, increased concern about drinking alcohol during pregnancy and positively influenced women's intentions to refrain from drinking while pregnant. Well‐designed campaigns on alcohol avoidance during pregnancy can be considered acceptable and effective by target audiences.