bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation in a Patient with Breast Cancer During Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Cheng Jiaojiao , Ruan Xiangyan , Du Juan , Jin Fengyu , Li Yanglu , Liu Xiaowei , Wang Husheng , Gu Muqing , Mueck Alfred O.
Published: August 2021

Background: Fertility preservation using ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) in patients with certain diseases especially needing chemo- or radiotherapy is becoming a routine management in various Western countries. Our hospital is the first and until now the only center in China using this method. The question is controversial, if treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC) should be similar like for non-pregnant young patients with breast cancer. To our knowledge this worldwide is the first report using OTC as fertility preservation for PrBC. Case presentation: During the 29th week of the pregnancy of a 24-year-old woman needle aspiration cytology of a left breast tumor showed cancer cells. The ultrasound revealed BI-RADS 4a grade. Oncologists recommended the termination of pregnancy. Cesarean section at week 32 was performed, and ovarian tissue samples were collected for OTC to preserve fertility and ovarian endocrine function. Twenty-three ovarian cortex slices were slowly programmed cryopreserved. It is estimated that 13000 follicles have been cryopreserved. Breast nodules and sentinel lymph node biopsy suggested invasive micropapillary carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy within 1 week after diagnosis was started. After six courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and Goselin acetate, left mastectomy and left axillary lymph node dissection were performed. In total twenty-three times of radiotherapy, eight trastuzumab targeted therapy, and 17 pertuzumab + trastuzumab double targeted therapy was performed after breast cancer surgery. Until now, more than two years after delivery the ovarian function still is good. We do not see any signs of a negative impact of OTC. The injections of goserelin acetate, every 28 days, are planned to last for the next five years. In addition endocrine therapy with anastrozole, started after the breast cancer surgery, also is scheduled for five years. Conclusion: OTC for fertility preservation in patients with PrBC does not delay breast surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy which is essential for an effective treatment of breast cancer. We assess this method as a promising fertility preservation method, worldwide for the first time now also used in a patient getting breast cancer in pregnancy.
Effects of Cultivation Years in Protected Vegetable Crop Fields On The Structure and Abundance of Soil nosZ Denitrifying Microbial Community
Authors: Zhao Hui , Tan Zhi-Yong
Published: August 2021

The study of the changes in the structure and quantity of the denitrifying microbial community in the protected vegetable crop field is crucial for evaluating the soil quality of long-term protected cultivation and improving the understanding of nitrogen conversion. In this study, quantitative fluorescent PCR was used, with the help of the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform, aiming at the nosZ gene, to study the effects of protected cultivation plots 3 a, 5 a, and 7 a, and the outdoor cultivation plot (ck) on the structure and quantity of soil denitrifying microbial community. The results demonstrated that the abundance of nosZ gene in ck was significantly higher than the other treatments, and was 1.32, 1.45 and 1.69 times those of Group 3 a, 5 a and 7 a, respectively. As the cultivation year increased, the abundance of nosZ gene was decreased, and the α-diversity index was decreased. The Chao1 index and ACE index of ck were the highest. At the phylum level, the dominant group was Proteobacteria. While at the genus level, the dominant groups were Bradyrhizobium and Achromobacter. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bradyrhizobium were decreased with the increase of protected cultivation time. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the community structure of nosZ varied greatly with the increase of planting time. The community structures of Group 3 a and 5 a were similar, but the community structure of Group 7 a was very different from Group 3 a and 5 a. The soil available potassium (AK), ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the primary factors affecting the copy number, α-diversity and community structure of nosZ denitrifying microorganisms. As a conclusion, it can be seen that long-term cultivation of vegetable crops in a protected environment significantly reduced the copy number of nosZ denitrifying microorganisms and had a significant impact on the community structure.
Clinical and Molecular Features of Patients with Gliomas Harboring Idh1 Non-Canonical Mutations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Nunno Vincenzo Di , Franceschi Enrico , Tosoni Alicia , Gatto Lidia , Maggio Ilaria , Lodi Raffaele , Angelini Daniele , Bartolini Stefania , Brandes Alba Ariela
Published: August 2021

Purpose The canonical isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 R132 mutation (IDH1 R132) is the most frequent mutation among IDH mutated gliomas. Non-canonical IDH1 mutations or IDH2 mutations are unusual and their clinical and biological role is still unclear.Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical role of IDH non-canonical mutations. ResultsOverall, we selected 13 of 3513 studies reporting data of 4007 patients with a diagnosis of grade 2 and grade 3 including 3091 patients with a molecularly proven IDH1 or IDH2 mutation. Patients with non-canonical IDH1 mutations were younger and presented a higher DNA methylation level as compared to those with canonical IDH1 R132H alteration. The overall incidence of non-canonical IDH1 mutations was 7.9% (95% CI 5.4 – 10.7%) in patients with IDH mutated gliomas. There was no statistical difference in terms of incidence between patients with grade 2 or grade 3 glioma. Patients with non-canonical IDH mutations had a lower rate of 1p19q codeletion (risk difference: 31%, 95% CI 23 -38%) and presented a significantly prolonged survival (pooled-HR 0.47, 95% CI, 0.28-0.81) as compared to those with IDH1 R132H mutation. Conclusion Non-canonical IDH1 mutations occur in 7.9% of IDH mutated gliomas and recognize a specific subgroup of patients with an improved survival despite a lower rate of 1p19q codeletion. Data about the type of IDH mutation should be collected in clinical practice and within interventional trials as this could be a critical variable for an improved patient’s stratification and selection.
Measuring Fear Evoked by the Scariest Animal: The Effect of Gender, Age, Education, and Disgust on Spider Phobia
Authors: Polák Jakub , Sedláčková Kristýna , Janovcová Markéta , Peléšková Šárka , Flegr Jaroslav , Vobrubová Barbora , Frynta Daniel , Landová Eva
Published: August 2021

Background: Although tiny in size and mostly harmless, spiders evoke exceptional fear in a significant part of the population and arachnophobia belongs to one of the most common anxiety disorders with prevalence 2.7-6.1%. Two standardized psychometrics have been widely used to reliably assess the emotional and cognitive component of spider fear, the Spider Questionnaire (SPQ) and Spider Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ). Methods: In Study 1, we developed a Czech translation of both scales using a back-translation procedure and then tested their psychometric properties against their English versions in a counterbalanced experimental design using the Mann-Whitney U test and two-sided t-test. In Study 2, we then analysed scores on the Czech SPQ and SBQ on a much larger sample. We also checked for the effect of various personal characteristics (age, gender, level of education, biology background) and other assessments of snake fear (SNAQ) and disgust propensity (DS-R) using a Spearmann correlation, redundancy analysis, and general linear models. Results: In Study 1, we have demonstrated that the Czech SPQ and SBQ are equivalent to their originals and show excellent test-retest reliability (SPQ: 0.928; SBQ: 0.873-0.903). In Study 2, 10.3% of 3 863 subjects in total reached the cut-off point for potential spider phobia. Furthermore, SPQ and SBQ scores were highly correlated (0.727-.0787), significantly more than with the SNAQ (0.208-0.324), which is evidence of the scales’ validity. Two multivariate statistical methods revealed a significant effect of gender, age, level of education, biology background, and disgust propensity on the SPQ scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides a strong support to the hypothesis that fear of spiders is driven by their disgusting properties as spiders were often associated with decimating epidemics of plague and other diseases that were repeatedly ravaging Europe from the Middle Ages.
Statins’ safety and impact on the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 critically ill patients: A Multicenter, Cohort Study
Authors:   Khalid Al Sulaiman1, Aljuhani Ohoud , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Altebainawi Ali F. , Harbi Shmeylan Al , Shaya Abdulrahman Al , Badreldin Hisham A. , Kensara Raed , Harthi Abdullah Al , Alghamdi Jahad , Alawad Ahad , Alotaibi Rand , Kharbosh Abdullah , Muqati Hessa Al , Alhuwahmel Abdulmohsen , Almusallam Mohammed , Sulaihim Ibrahim Al , Alanazi Bader , Al-Dosari Bodoor S. , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Alsaeedi Alawi S. , Ghamdi Ghassan Al , Al-Dorzi Hasan M
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The complications of Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are attributed to the overproduction of early response proinflammatory cytokines, causing a systemic hyperinflammatory state. Statins are potentially a potent adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 infection due to their pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory effects, which are independent of their cholesterol-lowering activity. This study investigates the impact of statin use on the outcome of critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Methods

A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all adult critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Eligible patients were classified into two groups based on statin use during ICU stay and were matched with a propensity score which was based on patient’s age and admission APACHE II and SOFA scores. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Other outcomes were considered secondary...
Results

A total of 1049 patients were eligible; 502 patients were included after propensity score matching (1:1 ratio). The 30-day (hazard ratio 0.75 (95% CI 0.58, 0.98), P = 0.03) and in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 0.69 (95% CI 0.54, 0.89), P = 0.004) were significantly lower in patients who received statin therapy on multivariable cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Moreover, patients who received statin have a lower risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (OR 0.48(95% CI 0.32, 0.69), P = < 0.001), lower levels of markers of inflammation on follow up and no increased risk of liver injury.
Conclusion

The use of statin during ICU stay in COVID-19 critically ill patients may have a beneficial role and survival benefits with a good safety profile.
Pembelajaran Merdeka Pendidikan Arsitektur
Authors: Febriarto Prasetyo
Published: August 2021

Title: Freedom of Learning in Architecture Education

 

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to various efforts, namely, an appeal for all activities in all sectors, from the economy, education, entertainment, and others to be restricted, especially in the education sector to reduce the transmission of Covid-19. All educational activities, academic activities that are usually carried out on campus, namely face to face, must be done and done from home. All academic elements, especially education at the campus level, not only students, lecturers, and education personnel must also carry out activities from home to prevent and reduce the Covid-19 outbreak. Policies by looking at the pandemic phenomenon that has resulted in forcing the education sector to change work patterns and the teaching and learning process must make breakthroughs or innovations that were initially conventional. Using a breakthrough which is an independent effort to keep it going according to the tri dharma of education in learning, especially in the field of architecture. This article was conducted with a descriptive exploratory research method to explain the phenomenon of independent learning architecture education.
The essence and features of the competency-based approach to strategic enterprise management
Authors: Gruzina Inna
Published: August 2021

Increasing the role of an employee as a determining factor in the economic growth of an enterprise makes managers change the philosophy of management, directing it towards the realization of employees’ unique abilities. The effective implementation of the strategic direction of action depends on the knowledge, skills and personal characteristics of specialists, i.e. competencies that are a source of competitive advantage and a strategic factor in the enterprise development. In this regard, it is necessary to study the competency-based approach features in order to identify the opportunities for application in the strategic management of an enterprise. The purpose of the study is to clarify the essence of the competency-based approach and substantiate the need for its application in strategic management. The object of the study is the process of strategic enterprise management. The following methods were used: abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis – to clarify the essence of the competency-based approach; formation of conclusions; and graphical technique – to visualize the results. The views on the essence of the competency-based approach are analyzed and the lack of research on its importance for ensuring effective strategic management at different levels is noted. Taking into account the transformation of the essence of strategic enterprise management and the significant dependence of its effectiveness on professional competence of strategic decision developers and executors of their decisions, the essence of the competence-based approach is specified. It provides for the involvement of specialists with the necessary knowledge, skills, ability to objectively perceive information, use experience and intuition in determining promising areas of action, and take responsibility for decisions to achieve strategic goals for the implementation of the stages of strategic analysis and strategic selection. This will allow managers to involve employees in the process of making strategic decisions, focusing not only on their job positions, but primarily on the availability of a set of competencies necessary for strategic management and the appropriate level of their manifestation in professional behavior. A likely result can be a reduction in the time for the implementation of the relevant stages of strategic management and an increase in the likelihood of achieving strategic goals due to a correctly chosen strategy of future actions.
Estimating the value-at-risk of JSE indices and South African exchange rate with Generalized Pareto and stable distributions
Authors: Naradh Kimera , Chinhamu Knowledge , Chifurira Retius
Published: August 2021

South Africa’s economy has faced many downturns in the previous decade, and to curb the spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the lockdown brought South African financial markets to an abrupt halt. Therefore, the implementation of risk mitigation approaches is becoming a matter of urgency in volatile markets in these unprecedented times. In this study, a hybrid generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)-type model combined with heavy-tailed distributions, namely the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) and the Nolan’s S0-parameterization stable distribution (SD), were fitted to the returns of three FTSE/JSE indices, namely All Share Index (ALSI), Banks Index and Mining Index, as well as the daily closing prices of the US dollar against the South African rand exchange rate (USD/ZAR exchange rate). VaR values were estimated and back-tested using the Kupiec likelihood ratio test. The results of this study show that for FTSE/JSE ALSI returns, the hybrid exponential GARCH (1,1) model with SD model (EGARCH(1,1)-SD) outperforms the GARCH-GPD model at the 2.5% VaR level. At VaR levels of 95% and 97.5%, the fitted GARCH (1,1)-SD model for FTSE/JSE Banks Index returns performs better than the GARCH (1,1)-GPD. The fitted GARCH (1,1)-SD model for FTSE/JSE Mining Index returns is better than the GARCH (1,1)-GPD at 5% and 97.5% VaR levels. Thus, this study suggests that the GARCH (1,1)-SD model is a good alternative to the VaR robust model for modeling financial returns. This study provides salient results for persons interested in reducing losses or obtaining a better understanding of the South African financial industry.
Financial Standing of Officials of the Special Gendarme Corps
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Peregudov Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on the level of prosperity of the ranks of the Special Gendarme Corps and its trends during the post-reform and late imperial period. It carries out comparative analysis of several categories of gendarme employees and identifies disparities in their financial standing. There were more than a dozen basic and supplementary allowances, which were both permanent and temporary and were paid for by the Treasury. During the period under review, there was the growth in the monetary income of gendarmes, which enabled them to see themselves as being superior to people of other socio-professional categories such as senior and mid-ranking army officers and police officers. This thesis implicitly confirms that bribery was not widely spread among gendarmes. However, there was impoverishment among the gendarmerie personnel because they did not have any other source of income besides service-related earnings. This made them rather vulnerable, resulting in revitalization measures of social support of gendarme employees. A characteristic feature of material provision for gendarmes during the period under review was a widening gap between allowances for the officers and lower ranks. Gendarmes of lower ranks usually had big families and therefore were often in want for money. In other words, they had a lower standard of well-being. As a result, many of them being unable to support their families had to leave the Special Gendarme Corps and search for other livelihoods. Partially, they managed to improve their predicament by using alternative sources of income such as renting out, subsistence farming and service-related odd jobs. However, these sources were not widely available.
Messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly as a Source of Studying the Historical Policy of Russia
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Bagdasaryan Vardan E. , Baldin Pavel P. ,   Moscow State Regional University, Resnyansky Sergey I. ,   Moscow State Regional University
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the historical representation of the highest state power in modern Russia (the level of the president) by examining the texts of the presidential messages to the Federal Assembly from 1994 to 2020. As a key research method, content analysis, both semantic and quantitative, was applied. Fragments of messages containing an appeal to events, phenomena, personalities of the past and the historical process as a whole have been examined. The quantitative analysis has revealed the number of usages of the word “history” and the total textual quantity of historical references in the messages. The thinkers of the past quoted by the Presidents associated with various ideological connotations have been considered as a special indicative position. The generalized content analysis data is accumulated in the table in the article, which has the potential for further independent use in studying the dynamics of power discourse in Russia. The results of the study enable to confirm the fact of the paradigm shift in the perception of history at the highest state level in Russia lying in the transition from the liberal version of the theory of modernization to a nationally conservative approach similar to the theory of civilizations. Three Presidents of the Russian Federation — B. N. Yeltsin, D. A. Medvedev and V. V. Putin — despite the coincidence of positions on several issues of interpreting the past, presented different visions of the historical process in the texts of the messages. The integration of the current policy into the general outline of history is characteristic of all the messages, which points to the preservation of the tradition of historiosophical perception of the state activity in the Russian Federation, in spite of different versions of historiosophy. The transformation of historical politics in Russia is an indicator of the ideological inversion of the Russian state as a whole, the transition from a liberal to a nationally conservative model. The attitude of the authorities to the history reveals the potential of using axiological vectors of the current policy as a means of reconstruction.
Meanders of the Polish Military Revolution — Standardization of Cavalry Units
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Łopatecki Karol , Boldyrew Aleksander ,   Uniwersytet Łódzki
Published: August 2021

The objective of the article is to show the phenomenon of the internal standardization of the units of the Polish cavalry in the 16th century. The references to this process, during which the diversisty of arms and equipment of soldiers was abandoned, are scarce in descriptive sources and are only reflected in normative acts. The only type of sources which enables to reconstruct the combat potential of units is inspection (rejestry popisowe). Consequently, the process of specialization of units and of formation of different types of cavalry was basically marginalized. In the Crown, as late as the 1530s, cavalry rotas were very diverse. They consisted of lancers, Polish winged hussars (later: hussars) and light cavalry combined in various proportions. This state of affairs is connected with three factors. Firstly, the units of Permanent Defense (obrona potoczna) in their structure referred to Mass Mobilization (pospolite ruszenie). Secondly, provisions of law were not used for standardizing the arms and armor; on the contrary, at least by the 1530s they stimulated the internal diversification. Thirdly, the Crown professional units were internally divided into towarzyszes and pocztowys, which prompted the diversification of armament inside a unit. The text shows the changes which occurred in the 1540s and 1550s, and brought about a situation in 1557, when the rate of standardization was as high as 82.93 %. The transformations were dynamic but were not top-down planned reforms, representing instead a bottom-up initiative of rotmistrzes.
Literal translation in the light of the gravitational pull hypothesis: The case of sentence-initial indefinite noun phrases in singular in Norwegian-to-German and German-to-Norwegian translation
Authors:   Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Data-Bukowska Ewa
Published: August 2021

The present article reports on a study of renditions of sentence-initial indefinite noun phrases (NPs) in singular in Norwegian-to-German and German-to-Norwegian parallel corpus data. It briefly describes the correspondences to such NPs and the translation- induced changes that are made in the structure of the sentences including the phrase. In particular, however, the study focuses on fully congruent correspondences to singular sentence-initial indefinite NPs, i. e., the instances in which the structure is formally copied in translational renditions. Finding out to what extent such sentence initials are preserved in translation allows us to verify the hypothesis about literal translation that pertains to a potential (yet somehow forgotten) translation universal. By referring the conducted study to the framework of the current version of the gravitational pull hypothesis by Sandra Halverson, it becomes possible to position the phenomenon of literal translation in the context of the latest research into bilingual cognition and to find common ground where more traditional contrastive linguistics and translation studies may meet. The analysis generally supports the literal translation hypothesis as the NPs under investigation (classified as highly salient linguistic structures) have been translated into German and Norwegian literally in over 70 %. Thus, the gravitational pull of the source text structures on the target language is of similar strength. On the other hand, it has been observed that Norwegian is more resistant to using sentence-initial indefinite NPs than German, or that German applies this way of content construal more willingly. In a broader perspective, the research results shed new light on the extent to which the linguistic patterns of the use of the indefinite article in a real text production are similar and entrenched in a bilingual’s Norwegian/German representation.
Quasi-synonymy of Danish causal conjunctions from the speaker’s perspective
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikulicheva Dina ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: August 2021

The article explores a fragment of the grammatical system of the Danish language, which represents a regular formal variation of auxiliary language markers — causal conjunctions fordi, for, eftersom, thi. The functional and pragmatic description of each of them is proposed based on the anthropocentric approach. This approach is aimed at studying the linguistic expression of the speaker’s orientation in denotative reality and communication. In terms of expressing causation, this presupposes differentiation of ways to substantiate the speaker’s assertion, depending on different sources of causation: the speaker’s own inference (for); appeal to knowledge, common to all participants in communication (thi); justifying one objective fact with another (fordi), justifying the speaker’s own inference with an objective fact (eftersom). The etymology of conjunctions, as well as the temporal correlation of the predicates in causal and main clauses, allows us to determine the reasons for the speaker to organize the mental space of causation in different ways. In addition, the use of the conceptual blending concept allows us to explain why one conjunction is replaced by another in oral speech.
The theme in oral poetry as exemplified by the Faroese Ragnars Táttur
Authors:   Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Piotrovsky Dmitry
Published: August 2021

The theme as well as the formula is one of two basic elements of Parry and Lord’s theory. A. B. Lord defines the “themes” of oral poetry as “the groups of ideas regularly used in telling a tale in the formulaic style of traditional song”. The theme happens to be a bilateral unit having both the plane of content and the plane of expression. The presence of the plane of content is self-evident and axiomatic. The theme in oral Faroese poetry possesses also the plane of expression. The proof of this statement is the fact that the realization of the same theme or some similar themes in different ballads or within the same piece of oral poetry presupposes the use of the same units of the lower level i.e., formulas and repetitions. The theme is a bilateral unit having its proper position in the unit system of the poetic language. It boasts its own level status. From the point of view of the level structure, the theme occupies the medium place between the formulas and the whole text. The interaction of the theme and both neighboring levels may be described as whole-part relationship. To the means of formula technique, formulas and repetitions, the theme behaves as the whole; to the text it plays the role of a part. Such a hierarchical structure creates the effect that the features of some units within this system influence the features of other units.
Microblogging in Denmark and Poland — a contrastive analysis. Part I.
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Smułczyński Michał
Published: August 2021

The anthology Microblogs global is an international study of Twitter. Fifteen researchers examined tweets in Chinese, German, English, French, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish regarding the following linguistic phenomena: orthography, spoken language, vocabulary, reduction, syntax, graphostylistics, interaction and the functional aspects. The book was an inspiration for the analysis of tweets in Danish and Polish because the two languages were not included in the original study. Furthermore, a contrastive analysis of the Polish and Danish tweets is included to highlight the differences in the language of the tweets. The following article is the first part of this study. It deals with the social network and microblogging tool Twitter, including the more technical side of microblogging. The many types of tweets and the extensive terminology involved are thoroughly and conscientiously explained. The contrasts regarding orthography and spoken language are analyzed whereas the discrepancies in vocabulary, reduction, syntax, graphostylistics, interaction and the functional aspects will be described in the second part of the study. The basis for the description is a compilation of 640 tweets — 320 Polish and 320 Danish — from an inhomogeneous community that posts mainly in Polish / Danish. Profiles were chosen completely by chance and they belong to various politicians, journalists and individuals. The study covers the period from March 30 to April 6, 2019.
I dette åbenbaringens lys — an example of word formation, incongruency, or maybe something completely different?
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University, Szubert Andrzej
Published: August 2021

The article concerns constructions such as et herrens år in Danish where the first of the nouns is in the definite form (with a suffixed definite article), in the genitive case and functions as an attribute and not a determiner in relation to the following noun. The determiner (a definite or indefinite article, demonstrative pronoun, etc.), on the other hand, is not linked directly to the following noun but to the one that occurs in the last position of the whole phrase. This stands in contrast to the regular structure of the noun phrase where the determiner refers to the directly following noun (e.g., en bils ejer). In the case of the construction discussed here, however, the determiner refers to the last noun in the phrase (e.g., dette herrens år). Moreover, adjectives can occur before both nouns, but they will always refer to the last noun (e.g., en vældig kræfternes udfoldelse). The work discusses both the grammatical and semantical aspects of the construction. As demonstrated in the article, the construction should not be treated from the perspective of word formation, as it is rather an example of an attributive use of a definite noun in the genitive. Secondly, it is also interesting to point out that the semantic relations within the construction do not fully overlap with the grammatical relations, as from the semantic point of view the determiner, the adjectives, as well as the attributive noun, refer to the main noun. Thirdly, and most importantly, there are strong indications that here we are not dealing with just a few rare examples of a more literary style or certain fixed expressions, but with a regular grammatical construction. To conclude with certainty, however, it is necessary to complement this exploratory research with a corpus study, and preferably also a survey that could reveal the native speakers’ perception of the construction.
Max Havelaar by Multatuli in Russia: The origins of translations
Authors:   Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Grave Jaap , Vekshina Ekaterina ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

This article is dedicated to the Russian translations of the Dutch novel Max Havelaar or the coffee auctions of the Nederlandsche Handelmaatschappy (1860) by Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–1887), who published his work under the pseudonym Multatuli. Max Havelaar is one of the best known and most translated works of Dutch literature. There are six complete Russian translations published between 1916 and 1959, which have not yet been analyzed. The authors hypothesize that German is the intermediate language in the Dutch-Russian literary transfer as research has shown that German often served as an intermediate language for translations into Scandinavian and Slavic languages during this period. In the specific case of Max Havelaar, the German translation by Wilhelm Spohr, who moved in circles of anarchists, served as an intermediate text. The authors also investigated whether the Russian translators used the English translation of 1868, but this was not the case. In the first part of this article, the biographies of the Russian translators, authors of forewords and editors who worked on the Russian translations are examined. In the second part, excerpts from the novel are compared with the translations to analyze the relationship between the texts. The results of the research confirm that the first Russian translations were based on Karl Mischke’s German translation, which had appeared almost simultaneously with Spohr’s. Traces of this translation can also be found in later texts. To the authors’ knowledge, it has not been shown before that Mischke’s translation and not Spohr’s was used as an intermediate text.
The inverse problem of stabilization of a spherical pendulum in a given position under oblique vibration
Authors:   Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrov Аlexander G.
Published: August 2021

The inverse problem is posed of stabilizing a spherical pendulum (a mass point at the end of a weightless solid rod of length l ) in a given position using high-frequency vibration of the suspension point. The position of the pendulum is determined by the angle between the pendulum rod and the gravity acceleration vector. For any given position of the pendulum, a series of oblique vibration parameters (amplitude of the vibration velocity and the angle between the vibration velocity vector and the vertical) were found that stabilize the pendulum in this position. From the obtained series of solutions, the parameters of optimal vibration (vibration with a minimum amplitude of velocity) are selected depending on the position of the pendulum. The region of initial conditions is studied, of which the optimal vibration leads the pendulum to a predetermined stable position after a sufficiently long time. This area, following N. F.Morozov et al., called the area of attraction.
Dynamics of one continual sociological model
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Pilyugin Sergei Yu. , Sabirova Daria Z. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study a dynamical system modeling an iterative process of choice in a group of agents between two possible results. The studied model is based on the principle of bounded confidence introduced by Hegselmann and Krause. According to this principle, at each step of the process, any agent chaqnges his/her opinion being influenced by agents with close opinions. The resulting dynamical system is nonlinear and discontinuous. The principal novelty of the model studied in this paper is that we consider not a finite but an infinite (continual) group of agents. Such an approach requires application of essentially new methods of research. The structure of possible fixed points of the appearing dynamical system is described, their stability is studied. It is shown that any trajectory tends to a fixed point.
The space of Keplerian orbits and a family of its quotient spaces
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kholshevnikov Konstantin V. , Milanov Danila V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Shchepalova Anastasia S. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

Distance functions on the set of Keplerian orbits play an important role in solving problems of searching for parent bodies of meteoroid streams. A special kind of such functions are distances in the quotient spaces of orbits. Three metrics of this type were developed earlier. These metrics allow to disregard the longitude of ascending node or the argument of pericenter or both. Here we introduce one more quotient space, where two orbits are considered identical if they differ only in their longitudes of nodes and arguments of pericenters, but have the same sum of these elements (the longitude of pericenter). The function q is defined to calculate distance between two equivalence classes of orbits. The algorithm for calculation of ̺6 value is provided along with a reference to the corresponding program, written in C++ language. Unfortunately, ̺6 is not a full-fledged metric. We proved that it satisfies first two axioms of metric space, but not the third one: the triangle inequality does not hold, at least in the case of large eccentricities. However there are two important particular cases when the triangle axiom is satisfied: one of three orbits is circular, longitudes of pericenters of all three orbits coincide. Perhaps the inequality holds for all elliptic orbits, but this is a matter of future research.
EU-Russian cross-border cooperation between (de-)securitization and paradiplomacy: In search of new approaches towards cross-border governance
Authors:   University of Eastern Finland, Yarovoy Gleb
Published: August 2021

For almost 30 years, cross-border cooperation between Russia and the European Union has been balancing between cooperation and control, geopolitics and paradiplomacy. In different periods of relations, the dominance of one or another logic of development is noticeable. In the “post-Crimean” period of international relations in Europe, cross-border cooperation remained one of the few spheres of interaction between Russia and the EU which showed somewhat positive dynamics, or at least had not degraded significantly. The Karelian section of the Russian state border attracted close attention from both Russian and Western researchers in the 1990s due to the rapid pace of institutionalization of cross-border cooperation. The creation of Euregio “Karelia” in 2000 and the launch of cross-border cooperation programs within the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy helped to maintain research interest. In recent years, the negative dynamics of relations between Russia and the EU has led to a noticeable decrease in the research interest to some issues of EU-Russian cross-border cooperation. At the same time, cross-border cooperation projects continue to have a positive impact on the development of border communities, and the cross-border governance system continues to develop and transform. Thus, the study of the dynamics of cross-border cooperation in the Euregio “Karelia” is still of scientific interest. It makes it possible to answer specific questions about the peculiarities of interaction between Karelia and Finland, as well as more general questions related to EU-Russian relations. Based on the analysis of discursive cooperation practices inherent to different participants of the cross-border cooperation in the Euregio “Karelia”, the article shows why positive interaction of actors is still possible, and what vector of development can be expected for the regional cooperation between Russia and the EU in the medium-term perspective.
Phenomenon of social exclusion in EU countries: Definition and measurements
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Deriglazova Larisa , Chepchugova Alina ,   Tomsk State University, Menkh Viktor ,   Tomsk State University
Published: August 2021

The article analyses the phenomenon of social exclusion and the EU policy in combating this problem. The article is based on the analysis of the works of European researchers, official EU documents and Eurostat statistical data. The concept of social exclusion began to develop actively in the second half of the 20th century, and quickly had been used by politicians of European countries to develop effective social policies and to fight poverty. The concept of social exclusion is not a synonymous to the concept of poverty, because exclusion offers a comprehensive study of the causes of poverty in developed societies and suggests theories that explain the causes of poverty. The concept of social exclusion becomes a policy tool, as it offers concrete directions for reduction of poverty and marginalized groups through system of targeted support, as well as actions to reduce the marginalization of groups and people living in poverty. The article presents methods of measuring this phenomenon that are used by the EU institutions to assess if individuals are at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In Russia, researchers and official representatives are noticeably interested in the concept of social exclusion. Methods of measuring poverty and social exclusion offered in the EU countries are being tested and discussed. Given the complexities of the transformation of social policy in modern Russia, taken pension reform, reform of public health system, family policy, and education, it is likely that the problem of social exclusion will remain being a distant target. Nevertheless, the interest of Russian specialists and officials to the problem and development of methods for measuring poverty using the experience of scientists from European countries provides some ground for optimism.
Water resources planning under climate and economic changes in Skiathos island, Aegean
Authors: Alamanos Angelos
Published: August 2021

Small Aegean islands are facing complicated pressures of different natures. Their physically limited water resources are invoked to cover the increasing needs of the local population, combined with the seasonal water demand peaks due to tourists. This often leads to aquifers’ overexploitation and seawater intrusion, deteriorating the water quality. Water scarcity may also occur due to inadequate infrastructure, limited investments and human resources for proper management. This study uses the example of Skiathos island, which faces all the above challenges. The water supply network and the city's demand are simulated through WEAP software, in an attempt to address the major drivers for future water management. A long-term water demand forecast is performed under scenarios of climate change (based on ensemble means of RCP simulations), and water pricing (based on the recommendations of European legislation). Other pressures (i.e., operation of new hotels) and measures (i.e., desalinization unit, network and reservoir works) that were already considered by the local authorities are discussed. Overall, the findings aim to sensitize and motivate local policymakers to construct databases, start monitoring, include more factors in the decision-making process, and avoid overexploitation for the sake of non-sustainable development norms.
Modeling the effects of land-use and climate change on the performance of stormwater sewer system using SWMM simulation: case study
Authors: Hussain Salam Naje , Zwain Haider M. , Nile Basim K.
Published: August 2021

Flooding of stormwater drainage systems represents a major problem in developing urban areas that could be influenced by land-use and climate change. Flooding problems can be assessed using simulation models such as the stormwater management model (SWMM). In this study, the generation of intensity duration frequency curves (IDF) that integrates climate change effect was conducted for Al-Najaf Governorate in Iraq for the first time. In addition, the effects of land-use and climate change on the stormwater sewer system of Al-Ameer District was simulated using SWMM. The results indicated that by increasing the sub-catchment area from 50 to 100%, an increment in total surface runoff from 20,380 to 37,350 m3, and total flooding from 10,513 to 26,032 m3 have occurred, respectively. As a response to climate change, changing the return period from 2 to 5 years has increased the total surface runoff from 14,120 to 27,110 m3 (representing 48% of raise), and total flooding increased from 5,914 to 17,591 m3 (accounting 72% of increment). To conclude, flooding locations and magnitude were identified, whilst the system failed to discharge surface runoff at critical conditions, whereas the effect of climate change on the stormwater drainage system was more adverse than the effect of land-use.
Water specialist as andragogist: the application of learning theory in capacity development for improved water management
Authors: Russell Bobby , Ottow Bouke
Published: August 2021

This paper argues for greater application of adult learning theory in capacity development for water agencies in developing countries. Although the need for capacity development is clear, we believe its delivery, especially through ‘technical assistance’ projects, is of limited effectiveness. In the authors' experience, this limited effectiveness is due to the mismatch between intention and delivery. This may be due to inappropriate objective setting, lack of focus in training delivery and poor cultural awareness, reinforced by an unchallenged, ineffective model of teaching. A more collaborative and adult learner focused approach can help to define the learner's current situation and identify the learning methods that suit them best. Although the effectiveness of capacity development has many factors, the diligent application of well-tested adult learning practices and culturally appropriate learning methods can give positive results. This paper describes five principles for improving capacity development in developing countries. Those principles are: structural alignment of learning, culturally appropriate learning methods, active learning methods, learning trajectories and ‘water specialist as andragogist’. The paper describes and evaluates three case studies of capacity building activities, where these principles were applied either in a deliberate structured approach or through happy accident.
Upgrading of waste stabilization ponds using a low-cost small-scale fine bubble diffused aeration system
Authors: Vagheei Ramazan
Published: August 2021

Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are known for the economical treatment of wastewater, especially if low-cost land is available. In this research to overcome some common operational problems such as undesirable color changes in ponds, severe odor problems, and most importantly, deviations from the effluent standards, the performance of a novel installation of a small-scale fine bubble diffused aeration system in the inlet zone of the facultative pond has been investigated. The long-term operational data of the system in two wastewater treatment plants in the east of Iran demonstrated that this system can significantly improve the efficiency of the treatment plant in addition to eliminating the mentioned operational problems. Pre-aeration of the inlet zone of the facultative ponds (Birjand WSPs) by the aeration system consists of 250 fine bubble disk diffusers (12 inches in diameter) and one 22 kW roots blower showed that purple color and odor problem can eliminate after almost two weeks and organic matter removal efficiency increased from 58 ± 15% to about 85 ± 10% based on BOD5. Almost similar results were obtained from the WSPs of Neyshabur. Long-term experimental results showed this system can be used successfully to control the process and upgrade these natural and efficient treatment processes, especially in developing countries.