bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The longevity-associated variant of BPIFB4 improves a CXCR4-mediated striatum–microglia crosstalk preventing disease progression in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Di Pardo Alba , Ciaglia Elena , Cattaneo Monica , Maciag Anna , Montella Francesco , Lopardo Valentina , Ferrario Anna , Villa Francesco , Madonna Michele , Amico Enrico , Carrizzo Albino , Damato Antonio , Pepe Giuseppe , Marracino Federico , Auricchio Alberto , Vecchione Carmine , Maglione Vittorio , Puca Annibale A.
Published: July 2020

The longevity-associated variant (LAV) of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family B member 4 (BPIFB4) has been found significantly enriched in long-living individuals. Neuroinflammation is a key player in Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by neural death due to expanded CAG repeats encoding a long polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein (Htt). Herein, we showed that striatal-derived cell lines with expanded Htt (STHdh Q111/111) expressed and secreted lower levels of BPIFB4, when compared with Htt expressing cells (STHdh Q7/7), which correlated with a defective stress response to proteasome inhibition. Overexpression of LAV-BPIFB4 in STHdh Q111/111 cells was able to rescue both the BPIFB4 secretory profile and the proliferative/survival response. According to a well-established immunomodulatory role of LAV-BPIFB4, conditioned media from LAV-BPIFB4-overexpressing STHdh Q111/111 cells were able to educate Immortalized Human Microglia—SV40 microglial cells. While STHdh Q111/111 dying cells were ineffective to induce a CD163 + IL-10high pro-resolving microglia compared to normal STHdh Q7/7, LAV-BPIFB4 transduction promptly restored the central immune control through a mechanism involving the stromal cell-derived factor-1. In line with the in vitro results, adeno-associated viral-mediated administration of LAV-BPIFB4 exerted a CXCR4-dependent neuroprotective action in vivo in the R6/2 HD mouse model by preventing important hallmarks of the disease including motor dysfunction, body weight loss, and mutant huntingtin protein aggregation. In this view, LAV-BPIFB4, due to its pleiotropic ability in both immune compartment and cellular homeostasis, may represent a candidate for developing new treatment for HD.
MBNL1 reverses the proliferation defect of skeletal muscle satellite cells in myotonic dystrophy type 1 by inhibiting autophagy via the mTOR pathway
Authors: Song Kai-Yi , Guo Xiu-Ming , Wang Hui-Qi , Zhang Lei , Huang Si-Yuan , Huo Ying-Chao , Zhang Gang , Feng Jin-Zhou , Zhang Rong-Rong , Ma Yue , Hu Qing-Zhe , Qin Xin-Yue
Published: July 2020

Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the clinical symptoms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A decline in skeletal muscle regeneration is an important contributor to muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SSCs) drive skeletal muscle regeneration. Increased autophagy can reduce the proliferative capacity of SSCs, which plays an important role in the early regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle in DM1. Discovering new ways to restore SSC proliferation may aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy in DM1. In the pathogenesis of DM1, muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) protein is generally considered to form nuclear RNA foci and disturb the RNA-splicing function. However, the role of MBNL1 in SSC proliferation in DM1 has not been reported. In this study, we obtained SSCs differentiated from normal DM1-04-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), DM1-03 iPSCs, and DM1-13-3 iPSCs edited by transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) targeting CTG repeats, and primary SSCs to study the pathogenesis of DM1. DM1 SSC lines and primary SSCs showed decreased MBNL1 expression and elevated autophagy levels. However, DM1 SSCs edited by TALENs showed increased cytoplasmic distribution of MBNL1, reduced levels of autophagy, increased levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and improved proliferation rates. In addition, we confirmed that after MBNL1 overexpression, the proliferative capability of DM1 SSCs and the level of phosphorylated mTOR were enhanced, while the autophagy levels were decreased. Our data also demonstrated that the proliferative capability of DM1 SSCs was enhanced after autophagy was inhibited by overexpressing mTOR. Finally, treatment with rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) was shown to abolish the increased proliferation capability of DM1 SSCs due to MBNL1 overexpression. Taken together, these data suggest that MBNL1 reverses the proliferation defect of SSCs in DM1 by inhibiting autophagy via the mTOR pathway.
A dynamic matrix potentiates mesenchymal stromal cell paracrine function via an effective mechanical dose
Authors: Lin Chuanchuan , Xu Kun , He Ye , Tao Bailong , Yuan Zhang , Li Ke , Li Xuemin , Xia Zengzilu , Cai Kaiyong
Published: July 2020

Compared to static conditions, MSCs in a dynamic matrix possess higher paracrine function as a result of collecting a mechanical dose through a cytoskeleton-YAP system.
Micro–nano NiO-MnCo2O4 heterostructure with optimal interfacial electronic environment for high performance and enhanced lithium storage kinetics
Authors: Dang Wei , Tang Xincun , Wang Wei , Yang Yun , Li Xing , Huang Liuchun , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2020

A uniform NiO-MnCo2O4 heterostructure with optimal interfacial electronic environment resulted in excellent long-term performances and enhanced reaction kinetics for LIBs.
A cell membrane vehicle co-delivering sorafenib and doxorubicin remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death in lung cancer cells
Authors: Wan Jun , Wang Jian , Zhou Min , Rao Zhanpeng , Ling Xiean
Published: July 2020

Cancer immunotherapy is a promising approach for cancer therapy but is usually hindered by the inhibition of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Der Sachverständige im Straf- und Vollstreckungsverfahren. Auftrag, Qualifikation, Kompetenzabgrenzung
Authors: Müller Jürgen L. , Briken Peer , Dreßing Harald , Muysers Jutta , Hill Andreas
Published: July 2020

The amendment to the law of forced detention in psychiatric hospitals has strengthened the role of experts in criminal law proceedings. Experts have specific specialist knowledge and exert a guarantor function in relation to the court. These interdisciplinary processes hold risks that have to be encountered by critical interaction preserving boundaries between different disciplines and competencies. Transgressing competencies and violating boundaries can result in intrusions upon fundamental rights of those affected that may also raise liability questions. This article discusses the framework of this interdisciplinary cooperation, in particular the relevance of competence boundaries in criminal court proceedings
The Effects of Antepartum Depressive Symptoms on Postcesarean Opioid Consumption
Authors: Walker Zachary , Perkins Callie , Harper Lorie , Jauk Victoria , Szychowski Jeff M. , Mazzoni Sara
Published: July 2020

Objective The study aimed to test the hypothesis that higher Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores are associated with increased pain scores and opioid use during postpartum hospitalization following cesarean section.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort of English or Spanish-speaking women ≥18 years who had prenatal care for a singleton gestation and delivered by cesarean at ≥36 weeks within a tertiary center during 2017. Exclusions included women with fetal anomalies, intrauterine fetal demise, sickle cell disease, previously diagnosed pain disorders (e.g., chronic pain or fibromyalgia), substance use disorder (based on documented prescription or use of methadone or buprenorphine), or reoperation during hospital stay. Women without an EPDS recorded antenatally were also excluded. Major depressive symptoms (MDS) were defined as a documented antenatal EPDS ≥12. Women with and without MDS were compared, and multivariable linear regression models were generated to evaluate associations between MDS status and both pain scores and opioid use.

Results Of the 891 women meeting other inclusion criteria, 676 (76%) had documented antenatal EPDS scores, and 104 (15.4%) of those had MDS. Women with MDS were more likely to be use tobacco and have general anesthesia for cesarean delivery, but groups were otherwise similar. Women with MDS reported higher daily and average pain scores postpartum (2.4 vs. 1.7 average; p < 0.001). Women with MDS used more morphine milligram equivalents (MME) each day during their postpartum hospitalization, leading to a higher total MME use (121 mg [60.5–214.5] vs. 75 mg [28.5–133.5], p < 0.001).

Conclusion We found an association between antepartum depressive symptoms and acute pain after cesarean delivery leading to increased opioid use. Given the current focus on opioid stewardship, further research into this association, exploration of tailored pain control, and determining whether treatment of antepartum MDS reduces postpartum pain, and therefore opioid use, will be of the utmost priority.

Key Points
Generation of aryl radicals by redox processes. Recent progress in the arylation methodology
Authors: Bugaenko Dmitry I. , Volkov Alexey A. , Karchava Alexander V. , Yurovskaya Marina A.
Published: July 2020

Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have been a rapidly growing field of research in recent years and currently represent a powerful strategy for carbon – carbon and carbon – heteroatom bond formation. The progress in this field is related to advances in the methods for generation of aryl radicals. The currently used aryl radical precursors include aryl halides, aryldiazonium and diaryliodonium salts, arylcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, arylboronic acids, arylhydrazines, organosulfur(II, VI) compounds and some other compounds. Aryl radicals are generated under mild conditions by single electron reduction or oxidation of precursors induced by conventional reagents, visible light or electric current. A crucial role in the development of the radical arylation methodology belongs to photoredox processes either catalyzed by transition metal complexes or organic dyes or proceeding without catalysts. Unlike the conventional transition metal-catalyzed arylation methods, radical arylation reactions proceed very often at room temperature and have high functional group tolerance. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this review covers the most important advances of the current decade in the generation and synthetic applications of (het)aryl radicals. Examples of reactions are given and mechanistic insights are highlighted.

The bibliography includes 341 references.
Recent advances in chemistry of high-spin nitrenes
Authors: Chapyshev Sergei V. , Korchagin Denis V. , Misochko Evgenii Ya.
Published: July 2020

Experimental and theoretical studies on aromatic nitrenes bearing from three to six unpaired electrons and having quartet, quintet, sextet or septet ground spin states, published in the last 15 years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the magnetic properties of high-spin nitrenes and all other known high-spin organic molecules is performed. Promising areas of practical application of high-spin nitrenes as molecular magnets and as qubits and qudits for quantum computations are discussed.

The bibliography includes 214 references.
Aerosols enhance cloud lifetime and brightness along the stratus-to-cumulus transition
Authors: Christensen Matthew W. , Jones William K. , Stier Philip
Published: July 2020

Significance

All cloud droplets on Earth form from tiny airborne particles known as aerosols. Additional aerosols from anthropogenic activity have produced more cloud droplets but at smaller sizes. The smaller, more numerous droplets in clouds do not collide as effectively, therefore resulting in less precipitation. Using a combination of time-lapse satellite imagery and air mass trajectory modeling, we show that aerosols can enhance cloud fraction and extend the lifetime of overcast cloud fields primarily under stable atmospheric conditions as typically found off the west coasts of subtropical stratocumulus-dominated regions. Longer-lived clouds have a stronger cooling influence on climate and therefore, need to be correctly parameterized in atmospheric models so that accurate projections of climate change can be achieved.
Evolutionary stalling and a limit on the power of natural selection to improve a cellular module
Authors: Venkataram Sandeep , Monasky Ross , Sikaroodi Shohreh H. , Kryazhimskiy Sergey , Kacar Betul
Published: July 2020

Significance

Cellular modules, such as the translation machinery (TM), are key units of adaptive evolution because fitness depends on their performance. In rapidly evolving populations, natural selection may not be able to improve all modules simultaneously because adaptive mutations in different modules compete against each other. We hypothesize that adaptation in some modules would stall, despite the availability of beneficial mutations. We empirically demonstrate such evolutionary stalling in the TM module in experimental populations of
Escherichia coli
. Natural selection initially improved the TM, but its focus shifted away to other cellular modules before TM’s performance was fully restored. This work shows that rapid shifts in the focus of selection can slow down the improvement of individual cellular components in nature.
Plato’s cube and the natural geometry of fragmentation
Authors: Domokos Gábor , Jerolmack Douglas J. , Kun Ferenc , Török János
Published: July 2020

Significance

We live on and among the by-products of fragmentation, from nanoparticles to rock falls to glaciers to continents. Understanding and taming fragmentation is central to assessing natural hazards and extracting resources, and even for landing probes safely on other planetary bodies. In this study, we draw inspiration from an unlikely and ancient source: Plato, who proposed that the element Earth is made of cubes because they may be tightly packed together. We demonstrate that this idea is essentially correct: Appropriately averaged properties of most natural 3D fragments reproduce the topological cube. We use mechanical and geometric models to explain the ubiquity of Plato’s cube in fragmentation and to uniquely map distinct fragment patterns to their formative stress conditions.
Bacterial immunotherapy for cancer induces CD4-dependent tumor-specific immunity through tumor-intrinsic interferon-γ signaling
Authors: Antonelli Anthony C. , Binyamin Anna , Hohl Tobias M. , Glickman Michael S. , Redelman-Sidi Gil
Published: July 2020

Significance

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy is one of the oldest tumor immunotherapies, but its mechanism remains unknown. Herein we show that BCG therapy induces tumor-specific T cell-dependent immunity that is predominantly mediated by CD4 T cells in a manner distinct from other tumor immunotherapies. These immunologic insights may allow investigation into biomarkers that could predict the efficacy of BCG in human cancer patients.
Two-step reaction mechanism reveals new antioxidant capability of cysteine disulfides against hydroxyl radical attack
Authors: Adhikari Sarju , Crehuet Ramon , Anglada Josep M. , Francisco Joseph S. , Xia Yu
Published: July 2020

Significance

In this work, we harnessed mass spectrometry for online reaction monitoring of hydroxyl radical (
•
OH) attack to cysteine disulfide and acquired mechanistic details that had not been achieved previously. Our findings suggest that
•
OH substitution at the disulfide bond is a fast and predominant reaction channel in the gas phase, while subsequent hydrogen transfer within the product pairs can be favorable in protonated systems. Notably, by reacting with
•
OH cysteine disulfide converts itself to a more potent antioxidant, sulfenic acid (–SOH), thus forming two lines of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results provide insight into studying the antioxidant roles of cysteine disulfide in nonpolar biological environment, such as at the interface of lipid membrane and plasma.
Reconfigurable microbots folded from simple colloidal chains
Authors: Yang Tao , Sprinkle Brennan , Guo Yang , Qian Jun , Hua Daoben , Donev Aleksandar , Marr David W. M. , Wu Ning
Published: July 2020

Significance

Most microscale swimmers and some larger animals utilize long filaments or slender bodies for propulsion, since one-dimensional chains are the simplest structure that can be bent, twisted, braided, or folded into a wide range of geometrically or topologically complex morphologies. Inspired by this, here, we fabricate flexible magnetic colloidal chains that can enable significant freedom of morphology change and motion using an applied precessing magnetic field. As a result of their reconfigurability, these systems can switch propulsion mode from free swimming to surface-enabled translation, enabling navigation through complex 3D environments such as channels that mimic arteries, veins, and capillaries. The demonstrated shape change and adaptability are ubiquitous in natural systems and are necessary for microbot navigation in complex environments.
V1 neurons encode the perceptual compensation of false torsion arising from Listing’s law
Authors: Khazali Mohammad Farhan , Ramezanpour Hamidreza , Thier Peter
Published: July 2020

Significance

Eye movements have three degrees of freedom, the ability to move horizontally, vertically, and torsionally. Eye movements serving the fovea strictly control eye torsion. The amount of torsion associated with a particular eye position is specified by Listing’s law. Because of prior knowledge of the torsion set by Listing’s law, we perceive the world as upright although its retinal image may be tilted by varying degrees. We first show that also monkeys use a torsion prior to ensure a veridical perceptual reinterpretation of image tilt. We then demonstrate that this reinterpretation is a consequence of the fact that V1 neurons use the torsion prior to adjust their orientation preferences and to reposition their receptive fields relative to the retina.
Cavity molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water under vibrational ultrastrong coupling
Authors: Li Tao E. , Subotnik Joseph E. , Nitzan Abraham
Published: July 2020

Significance

Strong coupling between a vibrational molecular peak and a cavity mode is known to lead to interesting spectroscopic features and even the modification of ground-state chemistry from small molecules to enzyme. Here, we develop a simulation tool for modeling such vibrational strong (and ultrastrong) coupling at the interface between optics, chemistry, and biology. With liquid water as an example, our simulation not only reveals an asymmetric Rabi splitting in the infrared spectrum, but also captures cavity modification of the dynamic properties of water.
Cryo-EM analysis of a membrane protein embedded in the liposome
Authors: Yao Xia , Fan Xiao , Yan Nieng
Published: July 2020

Significance

Membrane proteins (MPs), encoded by ∼30% of the coding genes, play vital roles in numerous physiological processes. MPs are targets of more than half of the FDA-approved drugs. High-resolution structural studies of functional membrane proteins under near-physiological conditions are required to provide an in-depth mechanistic understanding and to facilitate drug discovery. To embed the proteins into liposomes represents a strategy to mimic native membrane conditions. Here we present a convenient workflow for cryo-EM analysis of liposome-embedded MPs using the prototypal protein AcrB. Our method sets the foundation for future investigation of MPs in the presence of electrochemical gradients and for the understanding of the interdependence of integral or peripheral MPs and various membrane properties.
Resistance training‐induced improvement in exercise tolerance is not dependent on muscle mass gain in post‐menopausal women
Authors: de Oliveira Júnior Gersiel Nascimento , de Sousa Jairo de Freitas Rodrigues , Carneiro Marcelo Augusto da Silva , Martins Fernanda Maria , Santagnello Samarita Beraldo , Orsatti Fábio Lera
Published: July 2020

Menopause transition may impair muscle function, decreasing exercise tolerance. The torque–duration relationship (hyperbolic curve) forms a practical framework within which exercise tolerance may be explored. In this regard, resistance training (RT) increases the curvature constant of this relationship (W′). Muscle hypertrophy and strength gains have been suggested as possible mediators of RT‐induced improvement in W′, however, it is unclear what the main mediator is. Higher‐volume RT (HV‐RT), beyond that recommended by RT‐guidelines (i.e. three sets per exercise), may promote greater hypertrophy, but not higher strength gains. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether greater hypertrophy in HV‐RT maximises W′ gain when compared to LVRT in postmenopausal women (PW). Fifty‐eight PW were randomised to the control group (CTRL), HV‐RT (six sets per exercise) or LV‐RT (three sets per exercise). They underwent a 12‐week RT program and were assessed for W′, thigh lean body mass (TLBM) and maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC). The TLBM gain was higher (P < 0.001) in the HV‐RT (9.4%) than LV‐RT (3.7%). However, both HV‐RT and LV‐RT similarly increased MIVC (9.7% vs. 16.5%, P = 0.063) and W′ (26.4% vs. 34.6% P = 0.163). Additionally, the changes in W′ were associated with the changes in TLBM (31%, P = 0.003) and MIVC (52%, P= <0.001). However, when the changes in TLBM and MIVC were inserted into the predictive model, only the MIVC (33%, P = 0.002) was a predictor of W′. Thus, although HV‐RT promoted greater hypertrophy than LV‐RT, HV‐RT does not seem to maximise W′ in PW.
Lung cancer detection using the SOM-GRR based radial basis function neural network
Authors: Wutsqa D U , Farhan A
Published: July 2020

This study intends to detect lung cancer using chest X-ray. We propose the SOM-GRR based radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) model. The self-organizing maps (SOM) based deals with unsupervised learning and the global ridge regression (GRR) based deals with supervised learnings that are carried out in developing RBFNN model. The gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) extraction is performed to obtain the features of chest X-ray which are used as RBFNN input variables. We consider thirteen features, namely contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, sum entropy, variance, inverse difference moment, sum average, sum variance, entropy, difference entropy, maximum probability, and dissimilarity. The best model is obtained by evaluating its performance in training and testing data sets. The RBFNN model yields 93 % and 88 % accuracy in training and testing data sets, respectively.
Implementation Tabu search algorithm for optimization distribution LPG
Authors: Wati E , Fauzan M
Published: July 2020

PT. Kuda Mas Perkasa is a distributor company engaged in the distribution of non PSO LPG. The routes of distributing LPG at PT Kuda Mas Perkasa, is currently still intuitive so it does not provide optimal benefits. So, shortest LPG distribution route solution is needed. One of the optimal route problem-solving methods is the Tabu Search Algorithm, this method has the advantage of producing an optimal solution without getting stuck in repeating the same solution in subsequent iterations. The purpose of this study is to find the shortest route CVRP problem with the Tabu Search Algorithm. How the Tabu Search Algorithm starts with determining the initial solution using Nearest Neighbour, evaluating moves using the 2-Opt, Relocated, and Exchange methods, updating the Tabu list, then when the stop criteria are fulfilled the Tabu Search algorithm stops, if not, then returns to move evaluation. By using the Tabu Search Algorithm, the total distance travel by the truck is 146.62 km. Based on the results of the study, concluded that the completion of the distribution route using the Tabu Search Algorithm produces an optimal solution.
The implementation of Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) method for decision making to choose direct and transit airline types in Indonesia
Authors: Hendiyani N , Suseta B , Kurniasari Y , Abadi A M
Published: July 2020

Choosing the type of airline tickets is determined by several factors, including types of direct or transit flights, ticket prices, facility and travel time. The purpose of this research is to determine the decision to purchase the direct and transit type airline tickets. In this research, the data were collected from Yogyakarta-Jakarta (Round Trip) amounted 93 and Yogyakarta-Medan (Round Trip) amounted 21 travel routes. This research used Mamdani fuzzy method with the following steps, determining the membership function of each input variable, determining the fire strength for each type of plane ticket, and determining Mamdani fuzzy inference system max-min. The results show that the highest electability for direct airline ticket types is Batik Air - Garuda (Round Trip) ticket type with the ticket price is IDR 1,501,200, facility score is 60 and travel time is around 140 minutes. While, the highest electability for transit tickets is Garuda - Garuda (Round Trip) with the ticket price is IDR 6,169,400, facility score is 60 and travel time is around 615 minutes.
Stability analysis of endemic equilibrium points on cancer cells mathematical model
Authors: ‘Arifah H , Lestari D , Sari E R
Published: July 2020

The purposes of this study are to find out an endemic equilibrium point and to analyze it. The pattern of the spread of cancer cells can be modeled in the form of differential equation systems. The research obtained asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium point. Based on simulation results, the greater the rate of cancer growth, the faster the cancer spreads and is present in the cell.
Comparing bio-inspired heuristic algorithm for the mean-CVaR portfolio optimization
Authors: Setiawan E P
Published: July 2020

Risk aversion parameter is a coefficient that denotes the trade-off between the risk and the return in an optimal investment. This coefficient had widely used to modify the mean-variance portfolio optimization procedure. In this study, we develop become a mean-CVaR optimization problem with risk aversion. We investigate the usage of several biological-based heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm, grasshopper optimization, firefly optimization, moth flame optimization, particle swarm optimization, grey-wolf optimization, and dragonfly optimization to solve this portfolio optimization procedure. Empirical study with Indonesian Stock data show that the Grey-Wolf Optimization yields better performance than the others.
Comparing k-nearest neighbor and k-means methods for clustering Indonesian farmers’ welfare
Authors: Pawa L V , Kismiantini
Published: July 2020

A farmer’s welfare classification can be performed to accommodate all significant issues that will assist policymakers, government, and scientists. This study aims to compare K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and K-Means methods for clustering Indonesian farmers’ welfare using the fifth wave of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS 5) data. The K-Means method is an unsupervised learning algorithm by classifying the data according to the closest distance between observed and centroids. The K-NN method is a supervised learning algorithm by classifying most of the nearest neighbour data. This study used fifteen factors affecting farmers’ welfare including land area, type of water, type of rice, income, expenditure, loan, mobile phone use, harvest frequency, crop failure, land ownership, gender, age, level of education, home ownership, and ownership of health insurance. The K-NN performed well to classify farmers’ welfare as the K-Means methods in the district data, with an accuracy of 89.8% compared to 53.7%. The K-NN classification results in provinces data showed that the provinces of Bali, East Java, South Kalimantan, Lampung, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, and South Sumatra were included as prosperous provinces; while the provinces of Banten, DI Yogyakarta, West Java, Central Java, West Sumatra, and North Sumatra were included as non-prosperous provinces.
Modified capital asset pricing model (CAPM) into sharia framework
Authors: Subekti R , Abdurakhman  , Rosadi D
Published: July 2020

This study is to expose the sharia concept in the Islamic market, especially on the practice of the equilibrium model or the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Islamic index and sharia market are introduced to answer the Islamic investment. However, we cannot apart from the interest rate, which is related to ‘riba’ and prohibited in Islam religion. Many references proposed the Islamic theory into the CAPM, so the model has been modified and adjusted to deliver the new solution on sharia investment. We provide a general illustration to explain how the sharia concept in CAPM as an equilibrium model and its implementation in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The result shows that the range of return is various, while the risk both beta and standard deviation have remained steady. The result shows that the Sharia version with the Sukuk rate performs better than the others from the expected return.
The instrument for mathematics National Examination (UN) try out of Junior High School at Makassar City, South Sulawesi. Are there any revisions?
Authors: Surni E Z , Retnawati H
Published: July 2020

Try out is an assessment form organized by the school and related parties before the implementation of national examination (UN) in Indonesia. By trying out, schools can conduct evaluations regarding the ability and readiness of students to face the UN. This research aims to determine the quality of the test instrument for UN mathematics try out of one of Junior High Schools at Makassar City, South Sulawesi. It can later be used as a revision basis. This is a descriptive-explorative type of quantitative research. The data is the test instrument and participant’s answers, collected by documentation. The instrument is validated by the experts, and its quality is analyzed using the classical test theory approach. The results of the research indicate that the test instrument has Aiken index value of 0.854 which means that the test instrument has high validity for all items. The reliability coefficient of 0.82 means that the instrument has very good reliability. There are 11 difficult items, 14 items having a weak discrimination category and 4 items having ineffective distractor. The Items must be followed up by revising.
How do Indonesian elementary school mathematics textbooks introduce fractions?
Authors: Rahmawati T , Pangesti S R , Nuriadin I , Kurniasih M D , Purnomo Y W
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to analyze and describe the approach that was used to introduce the concept of fractions in elementary school mathematics textbooks. There were six 3rdgrade of elementary school mathematics textbooks that represented two curriculums which were the 2006 curriculum and the 2013 curriculum that were included in the analysis. Vertical analysis of textbook research was conducted to focus on how the concept of fractions was introduced in the textbooks for each curriculum. The results of the research indicated that all the books included in the analysis only used one construct of fractions, which was as part-whole, to introduce fractions. This could cause the students to be narrow-minded about fractions and its implementations for further materials and in everyday life. Further discussion about the results can be seen in this article.
How good are the characteristics of the mathematics national standardized school examination items in vocational school?
Authors: Fathin A Z , Retnawati H
Published: July 2020

National Standardized School Examination is one of the exams used to determine the graduation of vocational school students. This study aims to determine the characteristics of mathematics National Standardized School Examination items in 12th Vocational School. This research is a descriptive explorative quantitative research. The data used is the mathematics National Standardized School Examination kits at a vocational school in the city of Yogyakarta and participant’s answers collected with documentation. These assessment kits are validated by experts and analyzed its characteristics using the classical test theory approach. The results of the study indicate that content validity obtains the Aiken index value (V) of 0.94, which means that this instrument is very valid for all items. Reliability for this instrument is categorized as a medium with a reliability coefficient of 0.3623. The results of the characteristic analysis showed that 18 items are having moderate difficulty, and there are 17 difficult questions. Based on the discrimination index, there are 6 items included in the good category, and the other 19 items are categorized as not good. Furthermore, in terms of the effectiveness of the distractors, this instrument can be said to be effective because 82.86% of the items have effective distractors.
Guardian high school student’s conception about mathematics as sensible
Authors: Sholli A K , Lukito A , Setianingsih R
Published: July 2020

One of the characters that students should hold as the effect of learning mathematics is positive character about mathematics. It means students believe that mathematics is sensible. Students who view mathematics as sensible think that mathematics is interrelated concepts and mathematics is related to other concepts. Students’ conception may be different because basically human have different personalities. There is a relation between student conception about mathematics and their personality type. One of the personality type based on Keirsey Temperament Sorter is guardian. This study describes guardian high school student conceptions about mathematics as sensible. One female student whose personality type is Guardians is purposively selected as a research subject. The subject is assigned a mathematics real world problem and interviewed based on the problem solving task to measure her conception about mathematics as sensible. The interview guideline is developed based on SCOMAS framework. The result indicates that guardian subject shows the conception that mathematics is sensible. However, not all of the indicators can be verified. The subject plans a strategy and alternative strategy to solve the problem, explains the way to solve the problem and the reason of applying some concepts, and connects the solution to the real situation. The subject doesn’t show the activity of seeking connection among mathematics concepts.
The final semester test of mathematics subject in vocational high school, how difficult is it?
Authors: Krisma D A , Retnawati H
Published: July 2020

Progression, result, and completeness of student learning can be assessed through a final semester assessment. In order to make a good assessment, the quality of test items is needed. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the final semester test items used in “Indonesia” Yogyakarta Vocational High School. This study was a quantitative research with explorative descriptive type. The data obtained from the set of mathematics final semester test items used in grade XI “Indonesia” Yogyakarta Vocational High School along with student response. Documentation was applied for data collection. The set of test items was validated by 3 experts and its characteristics were analyzed with classical test theory. The results showed that the content validation is 0.82 invalid categories. Coefficient reliability is 0.77 at a reliable degree. Test items that have easy difficulty level are 4 items, the medium difficulty level are 21 items, and the difficulty level is difficult as many as 4 items. Item discrimination on item test showed that 21 items are included in the good category and 8 items are not good. The distractor of multiple-choice items worked effectively.
Problem-solving with guided inquiry learning: An analysis of student’s problem-solving ability
Authors: Afiyati Y , Warniasih K , Utami N W
Published: July 2020

Mathematics problem solving is one of the goals of mathematics instruction. The learning process influences mathematics problem-solving. This research aims to know the mathematics problem-solving ability with guidance Inquiry learning process. The research method was descriptive qualitative. Data resource were students of class VII A at Junior High Islamic School 4 Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The subjects of this study consisted of 6 students who were divided into three groups, namely the top group, the middle group, and the under group with each consisting of 2 students. The obtained data was in the form of written and spoken with the technique of problem-solving ability test and interview. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Data validation used source triangulation. The result showed that student of the high class could reach the entire indicators with criteria of problem-solving ability was very high. The student of the middle class was not able to reach the indicator of looking back with criteria of problem-solving ability was high and enough. The low-class student was not able yet to reach the indicator of understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and not able to looking back with criteria of problem-solving ability was enough.
Improving students’ reflective thinking skills and self-efficacy through scientific learning
Authors: Noer S H , Gunowibowo P , Triana M
Published: July 2020

The learning process with scientific learning focuses on students’ abilities in observing, questioning, associating, experimenting, and communicating. This current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of scientific learning in terms of Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Guided Inquiry Learning (GIL) in improving students’ reflective thinking skills and self-efficacy. This research was an experimental study with the subject population of all eighth-grade students of junior high school in Bandar Lampung. The samples of the study were students from two selected schools representing high-rank schools and middle-rank schools. The sample was chosen by purposive random sampling technique. The research design is a pretest-posttest control group design. The data were obtained through mathematical reflective thinking skills test and self-efficacy scale. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to obtain a comprehensive description of the impact of learning on improve in both skills. The results showed that (1) student’s mathematical reflective thinking skills in PBL and student’s mathematical reflective thinking skills in GIL were higher than student’s mathematical reflective thinking skills in conventional learning, (2) student’s self-efficacy in PBL and student’s self-efficacy in GIL were not different from student’s self-efficacy in conventional learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that scientific learning effective to improve students’ mathematical reflective thinking skills but it has not meaningful contributions to improving students’ self-efficacy.
Hypothetical learning trajectory and students’ understanding of the concepts of the arithmetic sequence
Authors: Lestari Th V D , Marsigit
Published: July 2020

A teacher’s role is to facilitate students in understanding knowledge in each learning. An ideal learning process is inseparable from the process of learning planning. The teacher needs to develop a lesson plan. Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) is a benchmark in the implementation of learning to anticipate every response given by the students in every learning problem. This study aims to prepare the students’ Hypothetical Learning Trajectory on Arithmetic Sequence and make the anticipation of teacher’s responses to the alleged students’ answers occurring in learning Arithmetic Sequence. The preparation of the HLT is a part of design research. This research focuses on the first stage, namely the preliminary design. The results of this study are in a form of HLT about the number patterns of the Arithmetic Sequence consisting of learning objectives, learning activities, and hypotheses of students’ learning processes. The teacher’s responses to each student’s answer is different. When students have not been able to answer the problem correctly, the teacher can ask several directing questions that lead students to the expected answers. HLT can be used to facilitate teacher to knowledge development of the designed learning activities by paying attention to the development of students’ way of thinking.
Elementary school teachers’ perceptions of STEM: What do teachers perceive?
Authors: Laksmiwati P A , Padmi R S , Salmah U
Published: July 2020

At the moment, educational issues are developing and rapidly increasing. One of the examples is the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics called STEM. In Indonesia, STEM is a relatively new concept that is booming with potential. In the mathematics classroom, teachers have to facilitate students exploring STEM activities in the learning process. In response to this, SEAMEO Regional Centre for QITEP in Mathematics has embarked its programme through training and research. This paper reports on a study that investigated what teachers perceive about STEM Education which can support STEM education practices. Moreover, this article explains integrative nature of STEM activities provided. The STEM activities designed are related to the concept of resilience in bungee jump (Science) and proportional relationships between quantities (Mathematics). A survey method has been chosen in this study and data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and interviews. The results of this study provide an understanding of teachers’ perceptions of STEM which includes teachers’ pedagogical needs and teachers’ readiness in the STEM implementation. These findings suggest that teachers have positive perceptions on the STEM integration in the mathematics learning. There are some recommendations that intensively STEM trainings for teachers, learning resources in the STEM integration, pedagogical supports from Indonesia Ministry of Education, and textbooks that provide STEM-related projects are needed.
Development of guided discovery learning to improve students reflective thinking ability and self learning
Authors: Noer S H , Gunowibowo P , Triana M
Published: July 2020

The efforts to improve student’s reflective thinking and self-learning can be done through a learning process by providing contextual problems that generate curiosity, recognize what is known and what is needed from the problem, and provide opportunities for students to work, and draw conclusions from the problem. One learning model that can facilitate these activities is guided discovery learning. This developmental research aims to: 1) Design and develop guided discovery learning models to improve reflective thinking ability and student self-learning, 2) Analyze the effectiveness of model and learning tools that are developed towards improving reflective thinking ability and student self-learning. The population subjects in this study were all eighth-grade students of the State Junior High School in Bandar Lampung City. Each one of the sample schools was randomly selected from the high-rank and middle-rank schools. In each school, the sample was taken randomly in two classes. One class as an experimental class applied guided discovery learning, one class as a control class, which is applied to conventional learning. The instrument used is a test of reflective thinking ability and student self-learning scale, interview guidelines, observation sheets, and questionnaires. Based on the study it was concluded that: 1) The guided discovery model that was developed has met valid and practical criteria, 2) The guided discovery model that was developed effectively to improve students’ reflective thinking ability and student’s self-learning both in high-rank school and middle-rank school.
How is the learning trajectory of polynomial division topic?
Authors: Permana U H , Retnawati H
Published: July 2020

The objective of this research was to describe the learning trajectory for topic of polynomial division. The research was carried out through design research. This research used the approach of Gravemeijer & Cobb that consists of : 1) Preparing for the experiment covering the preparation of Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) comparing three components, i.e. learning objectives, learning activities, and students’ hypothetical learning trajectory; 2)Experimental design was conducted in class of 53 students of XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 4; 3) Retrospective analysis, comparing HLT to actual learning practice. The result of this research indicated that the learning trajectory for topic of polynomial division was began with polynomial division by divisor (x − h) first, then (ax + b), and was divided by (ax2 + bx + c). Next, the methods in solving for polynomial division were long division, Horner, algebraic operation, and Horner-Kino, respectively. The next topic was the remainder theorem, consisting 3 subtopics, i.e. the remainder theorem with divisor (x − h), (ax − b) and (x − a)(x − b). The last topic was factor theorem.
Contextual teaching and learning (CTL) as a strategy to improve students mathematical literacy
Authors: Afni N , Hartono
Published: July 2020

Mathematical literacy is defined as solving and using mathematics in various problems to solve problems in real life. This problem begins with identification and problem solving. Students will easily understand mathematics by applying their knowledge in various situations or contexts. this ability can be trained through Contextual teaching and Learning (CTL). This approach is one of the strategies that can improve students’ mathematical literacy. Because CTL can be used to connect real-world situations with mathematics so students can understand and solve problems. CTL is recommended to make students use mathematical knowledge in understanding, solving problems and communicating. However, not many teachers are aware that increasing students’ literacy skills can use CTL. Learning mathematics using this context is a means of increasing students’ mathematical knowledge. Students will be helped and feel happy when learning mathematics related to the context that exists in everyday life. Therefore, the use of contextual learning strategies is very important for teachers and students in improving mathematical literacy skills.
Mathematical literacy: How to improve it using contextual teaching and learning method?
Authors: Maryani N , Widjajanti D B
Published: July 2020

Having mathematical literacy is defined as the ability of an individual to formulate, apply, and interpret mathematics in various contexts. Mathematical literacy enables the student to do, understand, and apply mathematical concepts not only in the classroom but also in daily life. However, in reality, the mathematical literacy abilities of Indonesian students from the results of the assessment of mathematical rankings internationally can be said to be less satisfying compared to the other countries. Therefore, a learning method that can be used as a solution to improve students’ mathematical literacy abilities is needed. Contextual teaching and learning is a method that helps teachers to connect students with the real world. By applying the contextual teaching and learning, the teacher could possibly help students to improve their mathematical literacy. By theoretical study, this article attempts to describe some contextual teaching and learning components to improve students’ mathematical literacy. It was found that the literature supports that there were connections between the learning steps and the components of contextual teaching and learning with some indicators on mathematical literacy.