bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeing the Unseen. Optic, Acoustic and the Space Between.
Authors: Melioli Matteo
Published: March 2012

There exist special edifices, such as Saint Mark’s basilica in Venice, that, by virtue of their geometry, interfere in space perception and annul any form of hierarchy among the senses. As a result, as the visual constrictions falter, a previously unexpressed imagery resurfaces. It is at this time that a whole world corresponds to the extreme transience of perceived space, one unveiled by the creative force of the invisible, by the power of absence and dream, where architectures far removed from the time and space of our perception reveal themselves to our senses due to the strength of their unconscious ties.
Houellebecq and the Novel as Site of Epistemic Rebellion
Authors: Grass Delphine
Published: March 2012

Michel Houellebecq is a writer who cultivates an incongruous literary garden, where the necessity of describing contemporary objects as equipment for the manufacture of individuals can be said to precede his concern for literary conventions. This has been at the centre of much criticism formulated around Houellebecq’s novels. One book in particular by Eric Naulleau called Au Secour, Houellebecq Revient! attacks his novels on the grounds that their success relies on his charming the reader by using recognisable elements of everyday life and incorporating them in the novels, in such a way that they could no longer be distinguished from the world of everyday life.
Problems With Easy Street: at the Smithsons' 'Robin Hood Gardens Estate' for Open House Weekend, Sunday 17 September 2006
Authors: Beech Nicholas
Published: March 2012

I walked down Poplar High Street with my partner on a bright September afternoon to see an exhibition at Robin Hood Gardens Estate. Poplar is an uncared for area of London to the north of Canary Wharf – uncared for not in the sense that nobody cares, the people who live there certainly do, but in the sense that nobody from outside has ever cared, or it seems so when you’re walking between the A13 and A102. Number One Canada Square both looms large and stands distant on the horizon here, reminding visitors of the problems caused by the construction of ‘zones’, ‘districts’ or artificial ‘quarters’ – the city of the patchwork quilt that is either never quite stitched up, or is perhaps stitched up good ’n’ proper. ...
The Meaning of Racially Aggravated Crime: a New Decision From the House of Lords
Authors: Goldby Miriam
Published: March 2012

On 1st February 2007, the House of Lords gave a decision on the case of R v Rogers. The decision was taken unanimously by a panel of five judges. The main judgment was that of Baroness Hale of Richmond.
Re-Imagining the Caesars
Authors: Angelini Marco
Published: March 2012

The recent DVD re-issuing of the television series The Caesars, Dir. Derek Bennett. ITV. 1968, presents an opportunity to revisit some of the background to the extraordinary recent interest in fictional and historical representations of ancient Rome, notably evidenced by the recent BBC/HBO lavish coproduction of the television series Rome. Originally broadcast to great acclaim in 1968, The Caesars has since been almost wholly overshadowed by the BBC adaptation of Robert Graves’s I, Claudius eight years later. This is a pity in some ways, because Philip Mackie’s The Caesars represents the high point of a decade of ambitious and successful drama programming at ITV, centred on literary and historical adaptations such as Saki and The Victorians, and as such it perhaps merits a more distinctive place in the development of television drama. Viewers and reviewers at the time, in fact, sometimes mistook this six-part series for a BBC production, such were the elevated scope and comparatively lavish production values of the hour-long films. As well as being critically applauded, The Caesars was a huge popular success; it is not fanciful, then, to suggest it might have reignited interest in this kind of historical output, paving the way for the BBC’s series.
Altered Realities
Authors: Tilling Linda
Published: March 2012

'Altered Realities' is an ongoing private photographic project exploring how perception can be altered without changing a fundamentally familiar structure. The pictures present the banal and the comfortably familiar in an unfamiliar way, objects and vistas that are part of the background and blend into the environment.
Greyscapes
Authors: Sciepko-Cram Dorota
Published: March 2012

The plane passed very low above the street and Trina put her fingers to her ears. She always did that. It was a natural reaction against the noise, threatening to be a violation of some sort of auditory balance. It passed and the world got mostly quiet again, just a faint roar of the machine in the distance, disappearing southwards in grey clouds somewhere where the sea evaporates into the sky.
To the Jugular of Jargon
Authors: Hulme Oliver , Whitely Louise
Published: March 2012

In the last issue, we asked you to send us your definitions of the following three terms that are widely used in academia. The following two responses come from Dr Oliver Hulme (‘space’, ‘interdisciplinary’) and Louise Whiteley (‘space’, ‘interdisciplinary’, and ‘discourse’):
The Use of Force in Somalia and Issues Relating to the Legality of Ethiopian and United States Intervention
Authors: Henderson Wiliam
Published: March 2012

For many years the Horn of Africa has had more than its fair share of troubles in comparison to many other territorial expanses. Indeed the Horn could be described as a ‘hot spot’ for armed conflict, caused by a variety of factors.1 The Horn of Africa incorporates Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and Eritrea.2 The most recent high-profile troubles in the area have taken place between Ethiopia and Somalia3, or it may be more appropriate to say that the troubles have involved those countries and others.
Mind the Gap: UCL Gender Equality Event, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, 18 March 2008
Authors: Dobson Rachael
Published: March 2012

The Gender Equality Event hosted by UCL invited us to spend a day reflecting on the current status of women in academia: the obstacles that women still face in academia, changes that have taken effect over the past decades, and the initiatives that will shape the future.
Gender (sic) Equality (sic)
Authors: Sewell Martin
Published: March 2012

This article is a response to both a Letter to the Editor by Dr Ambily Banerjee (Banerjee, 2007) and the recent UCL Gender Equality Event. Dr Banerjee claimed to be ‘astounded’ to find a ‘glass ceiling’ (sic) within her own discipline, Anatomy. She concludes her letter with, ‘I have never believed motherhood is a valid excuse for not realising one’s potential’. Both points are wrongheaded, and are the result of bogus feminist thinking. Firstly, men and women are different; and secondly, we have evolved ‘as if’ reproduction is the sole goal for which human beings were ‘designed’ and everything else is a means to that end. Feminism not only harms men, but harms women like Dr Banerjee, too (Quest, 1994; Sommers, 1995). Indeed, women are less happy today than they were in the 1970s and ‘the changes brought about through the women’s movement may have decreased women’s happiness’ (Stevenson and Wolfers, 2007).
Letter: The Athena SWAN Charter and Good Employment Practice
Authors: Ashdown Julie
Published: March 2012

Both men and women benefit from good employment practice; however, women in particular are adversely affected by bad practice. UCL was one of ten founder members of the Athena SWAN Charter when it was launched in June 2005 to celebrate excellence, and to share good practice in the employment of women in academic science, engineering and technology, especially at senior levels.
Letter: Blueprint for Improvements
Authors: Jeffery Kate
Published: March 2012

Ambily Banerjee's letter was very thought-provoking and expressed the frustration that I think many of us academic mothers feel, in being expected to participate in the academic equivalent of running a marathon with a concrete breeze block strapped to one leg. It's hardly surprising that even the most academically athletic mothers do not make it to the finish line, or, if they do, they find themselves pulling up at the rear. It's also not surprising that many ambitious women with a dislike of failure choose to avoid altogether a competition that is so stacked against them. Indeed, it is a testament to the power of human curiosity (and optimism) that so many even decide to try.
Letter: Surmounting the Roadblocks
Authors: Woo Patricia
Published: March 2012

Dr Banerjee is quite right in highlighting the roadblocks to success for women in academia. The reality for academic success depends on papers and grants and everyone, mother or not, works long hours on the way, and now that I am 60 I still put in the hours....
Finding the Lost Children of Craig-y-nos
Authors: Reeves Carole
Published: March 2012

Craig-y-nos Castle (meaning ‘Rock of the Night’) lays claim to be the most haunted castle in Wales. Perched on the edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park, it was the estate of Adelina Patti, the world famous opera singer, from 1878 until her death in 1919. Within the castle grounds, Patti built an ornate theatre where she sang for audiences of up to 150 guests including British and European Royalty. The Patti Theatre is now a Grade 1 listed opera house and headquarters of the Opera School Wales. On Patti’s death, her third husband, Baron Rolf Cederstrom, sold the estate to the King Edward VII Welsh National Memorial Association, established in 1910, to combat tuberculosis in Wales. As the Adelina Patti Hospital, it served for 40 years as a sanatorium for children and young women, at a time when the incidence and death rate of TB in the industrial areas of south Wales were higher than anywhere else in Britain. TB claimed the lives of 12 young men and 17 young women a year in every Welsh community of 6000 people.
Dani Levy's Lost Battle: A Commentary on the Responses to the Tragi-Comedy Mein Führer (My Fuehrer)
Authors: Bartos Helene
Published: March 2012

During the last week of November 2007, the Curzon cinema in Soho hosted the 10th annual festival of German films. Along with four documentaries, a jury of UK film-makers and cinema-operators picked a total of eight films, produced over the past two years, from a pool of submissions to the festival’s organizer ‘German Films’ (the successor company to the ‘Export-Union of German Cinema’ (1954) which promoted the dissemination of German films internationally).
A Spectral Turn Around Venice
Authors: Jones Luke
Published: March 2012

I spent several days, during a recent trip to Venice, in conversation with a ghost. The writer and critic John Ruskin became my spectral guide, and his commentary on the buildings that we visited transformed my experience of those spaces. What follows is an account of my time with him.
Three Little Boys
Authors: Rashed Mohammed
Published: March 2012

Three boys stand in the middle of a huge room. The walls, floor and ceiling are a dazzling white. The light is spread evenly across the room allowing no shadows to surface off the ground. In all directions: an endless sea of whiteness.
The Biology of Fairness Revealed
Authors: Fleming Stephen
Published: March 2012

Parents of quarrelsome siblings will know that the best rule for dividing up a cake is ‘whoever cuts chooses last’. This rule uses a child’s natural self-interest to engineer a fair outcome for all. As we grow up, such cunning strategies are no longer needed: generally, we seem to see virtue in fairness for its own sake, and share the cake accordingly. But when do we develop these desirable qualities? What is it about our biology or culture that leads us to be fair? Do other animals also tend towards selfless egalitarianism? In the past few years, compelling new evidence from the fields of economics, ethology and neurobiology has begun to provide us with answers to these questions.
Writing the Unthinkable: Narrative, the Bomb and Nuclear Holocaust
Authors: Gyngell Adam
Published: March 2012

In Russell Hoban’s Riddley Walker, Riddley enters ‘the woom of Cambry’, the epicentre of the nuclear blast that reduced England to a neolithic state over two thousand years earlier. Walking through the crypt of the devastated cathedral, he experiences a numinous revelation of the power that was at once the apex of civilization’s achievement and the architect of its destruction. Riddley struggles to articulate the sense of annihilation, of absence, he feels: ‘Some times theres mor in the emty paper nor there is when you get the writing down on it. You try and word the big things and they tern ther backs on you’ (Hoban 2002, 161). Riddley finds it difficult to come to terms with the nuclear holocaust that constitutes his primitive society’s point of origin. But his problem is also that of narrative: faced with the empty space that lies at the centre of this apocalypse, Riddley finds that the blank page expresses the totality of the annihilation better than any words could. Riddley’s experience illustrates the extent to which nuclear holocaust resists representation, defies narrative structure and eludes the very words with which we write.
'Grease and Slide Back into the Union': Patriotic Essentialism, the Civil War, and Postbellum Reunification
Authors: Thomas Adam
Published: March 2012

[In speeches, Robert Barnwell Rhett and Abraham lincoln espouse the] views of a Union leader and an outspoken and extreme proponent of the Confederate cause. Both cite the memory and philosophy of the founding fathers, both use rhetoric from the Revolution, and both refer to the doctrines of the government they created. Two politicians, fundamentally opposed and at war, evoked the same brand of American patriotism to justify their beliefs. This was by no means a unique occurrence; men on both sides of the conflict, from foot soldiers to Presidents, believed that their cause was the true defence of American ideals and that their opponents’ viewpoint would only corrupt their country’s ideology. Even when the South formed its own nation, it did so not to separate itself from the ideals of the United States, but to return to them, feeling they had been lost in the North. The Confederate Constitution, with few exceptions (most notably the legitimisation of slavery) reflected verbatim the original (Rable 1994, 44). As Anne Sarah Rubin states, ‘new Confederates created a national culture in a large part by drawing on the usable American past’ (Rubin 2005, 11). The first paradox is: two sides, bitterly opposed fought a violent war, but with matching adoration for the same country and the same confidence in their righteousness.
Stereotyping and Society: a Barrier to Achieving Social Equality
Authors: Tritt Shona
Published: March 2012

Stereotypes function to organize the social world, acting as cognitive shortcuts and preventing us from becoming overwhelmed by the complexity of the social information that we encounter on a daily basis (Weary et al., 2001). As part of this process, people make automatic judgments about individuals of certain sexes or races, simplifying social reality and minimizing effortful thoughtprocessing (Tajfel, 1969). Even in the absence of conscious endorsement, culturally available social stereotypes commonly affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviours (Bargh, Chen & Burrows, 1996). Indeed, some particularly insidious stereotypes appear to serve existential functions and to be formed largely in an attempt to rationalize, justify, or explain existing social hierarchies (eg. Jost & Banjii, 1994; Hoffman & Hurst, 1990). If we hope to be able to lessen the intensity and pervasiveness of such stereotypes, it is crucial that we begin to recognize the deeply-seated functions that such categorizations perform. The following paper, focusing on gender stereotypes in particular, examines 1) how complementary gender stereotypes perpetuate inequality; 2) how System Justification, Lay Epistemic and Terror Management theories account for the perpetuation of such stereotypes, particularly in times of uncertainty and stress; and 3) how an increased understanding of the exceedingly complex psychological processes involved in such labeling might enable us to find ways to diminish stereotyping and its pernicious effects.
Translational Research
Authors: Fleming Stephen
Published: March 2012

A cursory glance through recent issues of the leading science journals that are found lying on your average university coffee table (Nature, Science, PNAS) will be enough to convince you that UCL Life Sciences are thriving. With alumni as illustrious as the molecular biologist Francis Crick and evolutionary theorist John Maynard Smith, this shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise. But now UCL is also leading the way with so-called ‘translational’ research – medical science that seamlessly strides into the public domain, with the potential to directly impact on people’s lives. Think penicillin, anti-depressants and polio vaccinations, and you’re on the right lines.
Home or Away
Authors: Kelly Emma
Published: March 2012

Following her time in Barcelona as an Erasmus student last academic year, Emma Kelly recounts her experiences of living, working and studying in the Catalan capital. Emma was awarded the prize for Regional Winner for England in the British Council essay competition for her entry. This piece is an edited version of the winning entry.
The Triumph of Tutu
Authors: Kelly Emma
Published: March 2012

To celebrate their 75th anniversary, the British Council is holding a series of lectures entitled Talking without Borders. The series will bring together some of the greatest minds from all over the world to discuss the importance of cultural relations in encouraging global dialogue, relations that the British Council has been building since its formation in 1934. The first in the series took place on 19 February 2009 and saw Desmond Tutu speaking about ‘The Triumph of Goodness’ in our world today.
Bloomsbury People
Authors: Reeves Carole
Published: March 2012

The Bloomsbury Project, funded by the Leverhulme Trust, aims to create an archive illustrating nineteenth-century Bloomsbury’s development from swampy rubbish dump to centre of intellectual life. Whilst my academic colleagues focus on the elite reformers, my role, as the Outreach Historian in the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, is to gather information about the ordinary professional and working people of Bloomsbury who contributed to this increasingly vibrant and unique area of London. The objective is to gain an insight into the contemporary social scene on all levels.
Obama and the American Project
Authors: Smith Adam
Published: March 2012

It has been less than a hundred days into the Obama presidency, and already some of those who were his strongest supporters are showing early signs of disillusionment. Yet even his detractors acknowledge that he is a politician of unusual intellectual depth and exceptional powers of expression.
Miss Herbert, by Adam Thirlwell
Authors: Shepley Nick
Published: March 2012

Literary style, even when it’s as racy as this, does not sell as well as threesomes. For this reason, Miss Herbert will not attract as large a readership as Politics. With over 500 pages asking what ‘style’ is and whether it can be translated, Miss Herbert: A collage of novels and romances in ten languages, on four continents, with maps, portraits, illustrations and a variety of helpful indexes does not have the snappy, explosive force of Politics: A Novel. Nor is this the intention. Miss Herbert opens with Flaubert this time round, not anal sex and pink fluffy handcuffs.
The Grey Woman and Bluebeard's Bride: Comparisons Between Elizabeth Gaskell's Short Story The Grey Woman and the Tale of Bluebeard
Authors: Hiltbrunner Michael
Published: March 2012

The short story The Grey Woman by Elizabeth Gaskell gives a description of female oppression set within a Gothic context. The story is reminiscent of the English fairy tale Mr Fox, and there are thematic similarities between The Grey Woman and the German fairy tales The Robber Bridegroom and Bluebeard. In spite of a direct connection with Bluebeard, Gaskell’s tale, with its focus on women’s rights and love without marriage, can be seen to anticipate contemporary receptions of the Bluebeard tale.
Angels, Putti, Dragons and Fairies: Believing the Impossible
Authors: Wotton Roger
Published: March 2012

Representational art - painting, cartoon film, etc. - makes myths appear real, with mythological creatures and objects often placed within familiar and naturalistic scenes. We are then witnesses to events that may be described only in literature, or in verbal folklore, yet the images created become believable. In this way the myths are reinforced and we assimilate these fantastic forms into our thinking. One of the myths is that of flying beings. Angels, putti, fairies and dragons are all shown as having wings, an otherwise naturalistic form that we recognise readily. Yet, are they able to fly? If not, why do we wish to suggest they have the same powers of flight as real flying animals?
Gender Dis-Orienting Interpretations at Saqqara, Egypt
Authors: Mazzone Davide
Published: March 2012

Due to its uncommon scenes, the so-called ‘mastaba of the two brothers’, of Nj-Ankh-Khnum and Khnum-Hotep, seems to be one of the most discussed funerary monuments of the necropolis of Saqqara, situated on the west bank of the Nile, 33km south of Cairo. Ever since the unearthing in 1964, and the full publication and restoration in the 1970s (Moussa and Altenmüller 1977), archaeologists have been puzzled by the sentimental images of the two men portrayed in a series of funerary scenes. Some painted reliefs on the walls, particularly at the entrance and on the east wall of the small offering chamber (Moussa and Altenmüller 1977: plates 51, 73, 90, 91), transmit a feeling of ‘exaggerated affection’ between the two individuals (Baines 1985, 479). For the considerate visitors, the reliefs portraying the couple held in the scene of the kiss are truly touching. However, the hypothetical lack of clear indications of the relationship between the two men ‘provides fertile ground for speculation’ (Reeder 2000, 195). For that reason, the monument offers an interesting case of vivid debate about gender studies (Reeder 2000; 2008). Westendorf (1977), but also Reeder in a more recent series of articles (2000; 2008), has already proposed an original interpretation: we are facing here a case (rare) of homosexual relationship in ancient Egypt. In this respect, as a homosexual icon, the tomb is acquiring fame as a popular destination for gay tourists in Egypt (Holland 2006). The idea to which Reeder refers in his papers has obtained the exposure needed to challenge the more ‘conservative’ brothers/twins interpretation (Baines 1985; Parkinson 1995). Were these intimate individuals, ‘superintendents of the royal manicurists’ at the court of the king Nj-Wsr-Ré (Old Kingdom, c. 2494-2345 BC), engaged in a homosexual relationship? To what extent is this suggestion convincing?
Physical Portrayal of Computational Complexity
Authors: Annila Arto
Published: March 2012

Computational complexity is examined using the principle of increasing entropy. To consider computation as a physical process from an initial instance to the final acceptance is motivated because information requires physical representations and because many natural processes complete in nondeterministic polynomial time (NP). The irreversible process with three or more degrees of freedom is found intractable when, in terms of physics, flows of energy are inseparable from their driving forces. In computational terms, when solving a problem in the class NP, decisions among alternatives will affect subsequently available sets of decisions. Thus the state space of a nondeterministic finite automaton is evolving due to the computation itself, hence it cannot be efficiently contracted using a deterministic finite automaton. Conversely when solving problems in the class P, the set of states does not depend on computational history, hence it can be efficiently contracted to the accepting state by a deterministic sequence of dissipative transformations. Thus it is concluded that the state set of class P is inherently smaller than the state set of class NP. Since the computational time needed to contract a given set is proportional to dissipation, the computational complexity class P is a proper (strict) subset of NP.
Emergent Inert Adjoint Scalar Field in SU(2) Yang-Mills
Thermodynamics due to Coarse-Grained Topological Fluctuations
Authors: Herbst Ulrich , Hofmann Ralf
Published: March 2012

We compute the phase and the modulus of an energy- and pressure-free, composite, adjoint, and inert field in an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at large
temperatures. This field is physically relevant in describing part of the ground-state structure and the quasiparticle masses of excitations. The field possesses nontrivial -winding on the group manifold . Even at asymptotically high temperatures, where the theory reaches its Stefan-Boltzmann limit, the field , though strongly power suppressed, is conceptually relevant: its presence resolves the infrared problem of thermal perturbation theory.
A Transmission Power Self-Optimization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lavratti F. , Ceratti A. , Prestes D. , Pinto A. R. , Bolzani L. , Vargas F. , Montez C. , Hernandez F. , Gatti E. , Silva C.
Published: March 2012

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are generally used to monitor hazardous events in inaccessible areas. Thus, on one hand, it is preferable to assure the adoption of the minimum transmission power in order to extend as much as possible the WSNs lifetime. On the other hand, it is crucial to guarantee that the transmitted data is correctly received by the other nodes. Thus, trading off power optimization and reliability insurance has become one of the most important concerns when dealing with modern systems based on WSN. In this context, we present a transmission power self-optimization (TPSO) technique for WSNs. The TPSO technique consists of an algorithm able to guarantee the connectivity as well as an equally high quality of service (QoS), concentrating on the WSNs efficiency (Ef), while optimizing the transmission power necessary for data communication. Thus, the main idea behind the proposed approach is to trade off WSNs Ef against energy consumption in an environment with inherent noise. Experimental results with different types of noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) have been explored in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TPSO technique.
School Readiness for Young Migrant Children: The Challenge and the Outlook
Authors: Mathur Smita , Parameswaran Gowri
Published: March 2012

There is evidence that children from families of migrant workers are among the most disadvantaged in term of early academic achievement. Yet there are insufficient resources allocated to research exploring the reasons that existing preschool programs are not effective in closing the gap between migrant children and other groups of children in the USA. There are some Head Start programs that migrant children have access to, but many of them offer simply care-giving functions and offer little opportunities for enrichment activities for children in preschool. This paper explores some of the barriers to engaging the preschool child effectively in educational activities.
Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma Incidence and Temporal Trends in the USA (1973–2007): Race or Shifting Diagnostic Paradigm?
Authors: Holmes Laurens , Hossain Jobayer , Opara Franklin
Published: March 2012

Pediatric thyroid carcinoma is relatively uncommon. But variability in incidence rate by race, sex, age at onset/diagnosis, and geographic local had been observed in adult thyroid carcinoma in the USA. We aimed to examine the patterns, rates, and temporal trends of thyroid carcinoma among pediatric patients (0–19 years) between 1973 and 2007. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data of the National Cancer Institute were utilized. Data were available on sex, age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, and geographic locale (9 SEER registries) and were used for rates and trends computation. The frequency and percentage, percent changes (PCs) were calculated by using 1 year of each endpoint. Similarly, the annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated as well, with APCs estimated using weighted least square methods. Between 1973 and 2007, 1,360 thyroid cancer cases were ascertained in the 9 SEER areas ( = 247,638,734) in the USA. The percent change was 47.9, while the APC was significantly different from 0, 1.0 (95% CI: 0.5–1.6, ). The rate ratio (RR) was significantly lower in 1975 (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38–0.98, ) relative to the rate between 1973 and 2007 (RR: 1.60, per 100,000, 95% CI: 1.50–1.70), but higher in 2007 (RR: 2.3 per 100,000, 95% CI: 1.70–3.10; RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.93, ). The rate was significantly higher in whites relative to blacks, highest among age group of 15–19 years and girls, and in some SEER registries, with some significant PC in Connecticut. This temporal trend study of pediatric thyroid carcinoma indicates increase in the rate of this malignancy given the percent change and the annual percent change between 1973 and 2007. In addition, the incidence was higher among girls, lower among blacks, highest in age group of 15–19 years, and relatively higher in SEER registries with predominantly white or Hispanic populations.
A Math-Box Tale
Authors: Nelson Catherine J.
Published: March 2012

Collaboration between a university and an elementary school gives teacher candidates the chance to present and reflect on math lessons that include the use of children's literature and manipulatives.
Conceptualizing Division with Remainders
Authors: Lamberg Teruni , Wiest Lynda R.
Published: March 2012

Third graders' struggles to solve contextualized, student-generated division problems with remainders offer insights to guide instruction.
Authentic Geometry Adventures
Authors: Minetola Janice , Serr Konnie , Nelson Laureen
Published: March 2012

What these first and second graders learned about shapes from real-world experiences proved to be more than their teachers ever expected.
Librarians and Technology Skill Acquisition: Issues and Perspectives
Authors: Riley-Huff Debra A. , Rholes Julia M.
Published: March 2012

Libraries are increasingly searching for and employing librarians with significant technology skill sets. This article reports on a study conducted to determine how well prepared librarians are for their positions in academic libraries, how they acquired their skillss and how difficult they are to hire and retain. The examination entails a close look at ALA-accredited LIS program technology course offerings and dovetails a dual survey designed to capture experiences and perspectives from practitioners, both library administrators and librarianss who have significant technology roles.
Click Analytics: Visualizing Website Use Data
Authors: Farney Tabatha A.
Published: March 2012

Click analytics is a powerful technique that displays what and where users are clicking on a webpage helping libraries to easily identify areas of high and low usage on a page without having to decipher website use data sets. Click analytics is a subset of web analytics, but there is little research that discusses its potential uses for libraries. This paper introduces three click analytics tools, Google Analytics’ In-Page Analytics, ClickHeat, and Crazy Egg, and evaluates their usefulness in the context of redesigning a library’s homepage.
Incoming Editor's Column: Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes (turn and face the strain)
Authors: Gerrity Robert
Published: March 2012

Incoming Editor's Column: Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes (turn and face the strain)
Cataloging Theory in Search of Graph Theory and Other Ivory Towers
Authors: Murray Ronald J. , Tillett Barbara B.
Published: March 2012

This paper summarizes a research program that focuses on how catalogers, other cultural heritage information workers, web/Semantic Web technologists, and the general public understand, explain, and manage resource description tasks by creating, counting, measuring, classifying, and otherwise arranging descriptions of cultural heritage resources within the bibliographic universe and beyond it. A significant effort is made to update the nineteenth-century mathematical and scientific ideas present in traditional cataloging theory to their twentieth- and twenty-first-century counterparts. There are two key elements in this approach: (1) a technique for diagrammatically depicting and manipulating large quantities of individual and grouped bibliographic entities and the relationships between them, and (2) the creation of resource description exemplars (problem–solution sets) that are intended to play theoretical, pedagogical, and IT system design roles.
From Static and Stale to Dynamic and Collaborative: The Drupal Difference
Authors: Hubble Ann , Murphy Deborah A. , Perry Susan Chesley
Published: March 2012

Editor’s Note: This paper is adapted from a presentation given at the 2010 LITA Forum.
Cloud Computing: Case Studies and Total Cost of Ownership
Authors: Han Yan
Published: March 2012

This paper consists of four major sections: The first section is a literature review of cloud computing and a cost model. The next section focuses on detailed overviews of cloud computing and its levels of services: SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Major cloud computing providers are introduced, including Amazon Web Services (AWS),Microsoft Azure, and Google App Engine. Finally, case studies of implementing web applications on IaaS and PaaS using AWS, Linode and Google AppEngine are demonstrated. Justifications of running on an IaaS provider (AWS) and running on a PaaS provider (Google AppEngine) are described. The last section discusses costs and technology analysis comparing cloud computing with local managed storage and servers. The total costs of ownership (TCO) of an AWS small instance are significantlylower, but the TCO of a typical 10TB space in Amazon S3 aresignificantly higher. Since Amazon offers lower storage pricing for huge amounts of data, the TCO might be lower. Readers should do their own analysis on the TCOs.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Tools of the Trade
Authors: Farnel Sharon
Published: March 2012

Editorial Board Thoughts: Tools of the Trade
Investigations into Library Web-Scale Discovery Services
Authors: Vaughan Jason
Published: March 2012

Web-scale discovery services for libraries provide deep discovery to a library’s local and licensed content, and represent an evolution, perhaps a revolution, for end user information discovery as pertains to library collections.  This article frames the topic of web-scale discovery, and begins by illuminating web-scale discovery from an academic library’s perspective – that is, the internal perspective seeking widespread staff participation in the discovery conversation.  This included the creation of a discovery task force, a group which educated library staff, conducted internal staff surveys, and gathered observations from early adopters.  The article next addresses the substantial research conducted with library vendors which have developed these services.  Such work included drafting of multiple comprehensive question lists distributed to the vendors, onsite vendor visits, and continual tracking of service enhancements.  Together, feedback gained from library staff, insights arrived at by the Discovery Task Force, and information gathered from vendors collectively informed the recommendation of a service for the UNLV Libraries.
Guest Editorial
Authors: Lynch Clifford
Published: March 2012

Guest Editorial
Safety and efficacy of abatacept in eight rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Paul S. , Ho Gerald Y. , Prete Pamela E. , Furst Daniel E.
Published: March 2012

Objective

There are no previous studies on the use of abatacept in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This medical record review assessed the safety and efficacy of abatacept in 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic hepatitis B.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients with RA and chronic hepatitis B treated with abatacept was conducted. The primary outcome was the 4‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) at each followup visit along with markers of hepatitis B reactivation, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hepatitis B viral load.

Results

A total of 47 visit data points were recorded. The mean ± SD duration of followup of patients receiving abatacept was 19.1 ± 12.7 months (range 3–33 months). Analysis was limited to 18 months of followup (included 77% of all visits [36 of 47]). Four patients were started on antiviral prophylaxis for hepatitis B with the initiation of abatacept, while 4 patients were not. Among the 4 patients who received antiviral prophylaxis, RA improved as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in DAS28‐ESR scores, and none had reactivation of hepatitis B. In the 4 patients without antiviral prophylaxis, there was no significant decrease in the DAS28‐ESR scores and all 4 experienced reactivation of hepatitis B. There were no adverse events other than the hepatitis B reactivation.

Conclusion

Use of abatacept in patients with RA and chronic hepatitis B appears feasible if antiviral prophylaxis for hepatitis B is given concurrently. In these patients there were no non–hepatitis‐related adverse effects. These data are encouraging and should lead to initiation of controlled trials of abatacept in hepatitis B.
Self‐rated health and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis over three years: Data from a multicenter observational cohort study
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Dumenci Levent
Published: March 2012

Objective

To determine if a previously published model of the influence of self‐rated health on physical, mental, and social health among patients with joint replacement surgery could be generalized to persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Our second purpose was to determine if self‐rated health mediated changes in physical, mental, and social health.

Methods

Persons with symptomatic knee OA (n = 1,127) who participated in the Osteoarthritis Initiative study completed the required measures at baseline and at 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year intervals. The key variable of interest was a single‐item self‐rated health measure. In addition, measures of physical, mental, and social health and a set of covariate measures over the 3‐year period were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was used to test interrelationships among variables, as well as predictive and mediational relationships among self‐rated health and mental, physical, and social health after adjusting for baseline covariates.

Results

The full model demonstrated good statistical fit. Prior self‐rated health consistently predicted current mental health and social health. Prior social health predicted current self‐rated health. Self‐rated health also mediated changes in mental health and social health. Only social health changes were mediated by self‐rated health over all time periods.

Conclusion

Self‐rated health predicts a variety of outcomes of symptomatic knee OA. In addition, self‐rated health mediates changes in social health and mental health. The use of self‐rated health as a simple and efficient clinical assessment has potential for clinical utility because of its predictive capability and association with multiple health domains.
Engineering of Micro‐ and Nanostructured Surfaces with Anisotropic Geometries and Properties
Authors: Tawfick Sameh , De Volder Michael , Copic Davor , Park Sei Jin , Oliver C. Ryan , Polsen Erik S. , Roberts Megan J. , Hart A. John
Published: March 2012

Widespread approaches to fabricate surfaces with robust micro‐ and nanostructured topographies have been stimulated by opportunities to enhance interface performance by combining physical and chemical effects. In particular, arrays of asymmetric surface features, such as arrays of grooves, inclined pillars, and helical protrusions, have been shown to impart unique anisotropy in properties including wetting, adhesion, thermal and/or electrical conductivity, optical activity, and capability to direct cell growth. These properties are of wide interest for applications including energy conversion, microelectronics, chemical and biological sensing, and bioengineering. However, fabrication of asymmetric surface features often pushes the limits of traditional etching and deposition techniques, making it challenging to produce the desired surfaces in a scalable and cost‐effective manner. We review and classify approaches to fabricate arrays of asymmetric 2D and 3D surface features, in polymers, metals, and ceramics. Analytical and empirical relationships among geometries, materials, and surface properties are discussed, especially in the context of the applications mentioned above. Further, opportunities for new fabrication methods that combine lithography with principles of self‐assembly are identified, aiming to establish design principles for fabrication of arbitrary 3D surface textures over large areas.
Relationship Between Structural Properties and Electrochemical Characteristics of Monolithic Carbon Xerogel‐Based Electrochemical Double‐Layer Electrodes in Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Zeller Mario , Lorrmann Volker , Reichenauer Gudrun , Wiener Matthias , Pflaum Jens
Published: March 2012

The impact of the micropore width, external surface area, and meso‐/macropore size on the charging performance of electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes is systematically investigated. Nonactivated carbon xerogels are used as model electrodes in aqueous and organic electrolytes. Monolithic porous model carbons with different structural parameters are prepared using a resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐based sol–gel process and subsequent pyrolysis of the organic precursors. Electrochemical properties are characterized by utilizing them as EDLC half‐cells operated in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Experimental data derived for organic electrolytes reveals that the respective ions cannot enter the micropores within the skeleton of the meso‐ and macroporous carbons. Therefore the total capacitance is limited by the external surface formed by the interface between the meso‐/macropores and the microporous carbon particles forming the xerogel skeleton. In contrast, for aqueous electrolytes the total capacitance solely depends on the total surface area, including interfaces at the micropore scale. For both types of electrolytes the charging rate of the electrodes is systematically enhanced when increasing the diameter of the carbon xerogel particles from 10 to 75 nm and the meso‐/macropore size from 10 to 121 nm.
Catalytic Influence of Various Cerium Precursors on the Hydrogen Sorption Properties of NaAlH4
Authors: Hu Jianjiang , Ren Shuhua , Witter Raiker , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: March 2012

Sodium alanate (NaAlH4) is one of the metal complex hydrides most often investigated for use as a hydrogen‐storage material. Doped with transition or rare earth metal compounds, NaAlH4 can absorb and release hydrogen in low and medium temperature ranges with excellent reversibility and cycling stability. The properties of NaAlH4 doped with CeCl3 differ from materials with other dopants, with faster sorption kinetics and a more stable capacity. In this paper, various precursors of Ce are applied to investigate their catalytic effects on the sorption performance of this material. The re‐hydrogenation is found to be completed in approximately 10 min. Although all the Ce precursors investigated in this work result in reversible hydrogen storage materials, desorption kinetics are enhanced upon formation of cerium aluminide (CeAl4) in the composites. While the use of CeAl4 instead of CeCl3 can increase the hydrogen capacity by bypassing the formation of the ineffective NaCl, the highest capacity of 4.9 wt%—close to the theoretical value—is obtained from NaAlH4 doped directly with metallic cerium. Furthermore, dehydriding under back pressures is also investigated to evaluate the H2 desorption rates under practical conditions. At 3 bar H2 pressure, the second desorption step of NaAlH4 is fully suppressed at 150 °C and only 2.5 wt% H was released, whereas at 180 °C the capacity is not much affected, which is interesting for combination in a system with a high‐temperature PEM fuel cell.
Highly selective homogeneous ethylene epoxidation in gas (ethylene)‐expanded liquid: Transport and kinetic studies
Authors: Ghanta Madhav , Subramaniam Bala , Lee Hyun‐Jin , Busch Daryle H.
Published: March 2012

Recently a homogeneous liquid‐phase ethylene oxide (EO) process with nearly total EO selectivity, catalyzed by methyltrioxorhenium with H2O2 as an oxidant, was reported. Fundamental mass transfer and kinetic studies of this reaction are reported in the present work. Volumetric expansion studies revealed that the liquid reaction phase (methanol + H2O2/H2O) is expanded by up to 12% by compressed ethylene in the 20–40°C range and up to 50 bars. This represents an increase in ethylene solubility by approximately one‐order of magnitude, attributed to the unique exploitation of near‐critical ethylene (Pc = 50.76 bar; Tc = 9.5°C). Interphase mass‐transfer coefficients for ethylene dissolution into the liquid phase were obtained experimentally. Operating at conditions that enhanced the ethylene solubility and eliminated interphase mass‐transfer limitations maximized the EO productivity (1.61–4.97 g EO/h/g cat), rendering it comparable to the conventional process. Intrinsic kinetic parameters, estimated from fixed‐time semibatch reactor studies, disclosed the moderate activation energy (57 ± 2 kJ/mol). © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 180–187, 2013
Cerebrospinal fluid volume replacement following large endoscopic anterior cranial base resection
Authors: Blount Angela , Riley Kristen , Cure Joel , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: March 2012

Background:

Large endoscopic skull‐base resections often result in extensive postoperative pneumocephalus secondary to copious evacuation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the procedures. Replacing CSF lost during craniotomy with saline is a common technique in neurosurgery, but is difficult after extensive transnasal resection of the anterior cranial base because direct transnasal CSF augmentation will escape until the skull base reconstruction is sealed. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of intraoperative CSF volume replacement via lumbar drains on improving postoperative outcomes.

Methods:

Ten large endoscopic anterior skull‐base resections (>2.5 cm) were performed from 2008 to 2011. Sellar, parasellar, and transplanum resections were excluded. Etiologies included esthesioneuroblastoma (2), squamous cell carcinoma (2), intracranial dermoid (2), adenocarcinoma (1), adenoid cystic carcinoma (1), melanoma (1), and meningioma (1). Six patients were administered preservative‐free normal saline via lumbar drain during skull‐base reconstruction. Data collected included volume of postoperative pneumocephalus, intravenous pain medicine requirements 24 hours after surgery, and length of hospital stay.

Results:

Volume of pneumocephalus (4.78 cm vs 12.8 cm3, p = 0.04) and length of hospital stay (2.17 days vs 8.5 days, p = 0.03) were significantly decreased in the normal saline volume replacement group. Average intravenous pain medication requirements were reduced in the first 24 hours postoperatively (8 mg morphine vs 14 mg morphine, p = 0.25), but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

Evacuation of intracranial air by transthecal administration of saline during reconstruction of large anterior cranial base defects was an effective technique to decrease postoperative pneumocephalus and length of hospital stay. Further evaluation is warranted. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.