bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migrasi Desa-Kota di Indonesia: “Risk Coping Strategy VS Investment”
Authors: Marta Joan , Fauzi Akhmad , Juanda Bambang , Rustiadi Ernan
Published: May 2020

The study aims to analyses the reasons behind migrations motives among rural household based on household and area origin characteristic. The study used IFLS data of 2007 and 2014 consisting 2,581 household samples spreading in 13 provinces. Binomial and multinomial logit model was used to estimate probability to migrate based on migration motive. We found the contradictory effect of household income on decision to migrate between motives. Income has negative effect in risk coping as migration motives, otherwise have positive effect in investment motive. --------------------------------------- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan dibalik motif migrasi di antara rumah tangga perdesaan berdasarkan karakteristik rumah tangga dan karakteristik daerah asal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data IFLS tahun 2007 dan 2014 yang terdiri dari 2.581 sampel rumah tangga yang tersebar di 13 provinsi. Model binomial dan multinomial logit digunakan untuk memperkirakan probabilitas untuk bermigrasi berdasarkan motif migrasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan efek kontradiktif dari pendapatan rumah tangga pada keputusan untuk bermigrasi di antara motif. Pendapatan memiliki efek negatif  dalam mengatasi risiko sebagai motif migrasi, sebaliknya memiliki efek positif dalam motif investasi.
Electromyographic Comparison of Grand Battement Devant at the Barre, in the Center, and Traveling
Authors: Krasnow Donna , Ambegaonkar Jatin P , Wilmerding M Virginia , Stecyk Shane , Koutedakis Yiannis , Wyon Matthew
Published: June 2020

This study examined utilization of the trunk and lower extremity muscles during grand battement devant in three conditions: at the barre (supported stationary condition in 1st position), in the center (unsupported stationary condition in 1st position), and traveling through space. Forty
dancers (age 30.0 ± 13.0 yrs, height 1.63 ± 0.06 m, weight 59.0 ± 7.4 kg, and 13.9 ± 13.3 yrs of training in ballet and/or modern dance) volunteered and were placed in three skill level groups: beginner (n = 12), intermediate (n = 14), and advanced (n = 14). Dancers
executed five grand battement devant in each of the three conditions in randomized order. We examined muscle activation bilaterally in eight muscles (abdominals, abductor hallucis, erector spinae, gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior) using surface
electromyography, a three-dimensional video biomechanical tracking system to identify events, and force plates. All data were analyzed in four events: stance, initiation, peak, and end. Analysis was done using a linear mixed effects regression model with condition, event, muscle, level, and
side as the fixed effects, and subject as the random effect. There were significant effects for muscle 3 event 3 condition (p<0.01) and for level 3 side 3 muscle (p<0.01). Muscle use varied according to the combination of event and condition that was executed, and these differences were
also influenced by the level of training of the dancer and the side of the body used. It is recommended that dance educators consider the importance of allocating sufficient time to each of the three conditions (barre, center, and traveling) to ensure development of a variety of motor strategies
and muscle activation levels for dance practice.
Identification and characteristics of a novel cecropin from the armyworm, Mythimna separata
Authors: Lian Kaiqi , Zhang Mingliang , Liang Xiuli , Zhou Lingling , Shi Zhiqi , Tang Yajie , Wang Xueping , Song Yuwei , Zhang Yuanchen
Published: May 2020

Background: The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has increased the need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides have been considered as a promising product with several advantages. Results: In this present study, we identified a novel cecropin from the armyworm, Mythimna separata (armyworm cecropin 1, AC-1) by transcriptome sequencing and multi-sequence alignment analysis . The AC-1 precursor comprised 63 amino acid residues, containing a conserved cleavage site of the signal peptide, Ala 23 -Pro 24 , while the mature AC-1 included 39 amino acid residues. Chemically-synthesized AC-1 exhibited low hemolytic activity against chicken red blood cells, low cytotoxicity against swine testis cells, and effective antimicrobial activity against Salmonella , Escherichia coli ( E. c oli ), Klebsiella pneumonia ( K. pneumonia ), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P . aeruginosa ). Its antimicrobial activity against Salmonella remained after incubation for 1 h at 100 °C or in 250 mM NaCl, KCl, and MgCl 2 solution, implying good thermal- and salt-resistant stabilities. The bactericidal effect of AC-1 on E. c oli gradually increased with the increase of AC-1 concentration, and AC-1 could cause significant deformation , severe edema, cytoplasmic lysis, cell membrane damage of E. c oli , and reduce intracellular electron density. Additionally, the fusion protein AC-1 expressed in E. coli was digested by enterokinase protease to obtain the AC-1, which showed similar antimicrobial activity against E. c oli with chemically-synthesized AC-1. Conclusions: This study identified a novel antimicrobial peptide that may represent a potential alternative to antibiotics.
Trends in Measles Cases in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: A Five-year Review of Case-based Surveillance Data (2014- 2018).
Authors: AWORABHI NENI , Numbere Tamunowari , Balogun Muhammed Shakir , Usman Aisha , Utulu Rowland , Ebere Nkechi , Omubo Wakiente , Stow Jones , Abba Shehu , Olorukooba Abdulhakim
Published: May 2020

Background Measles is a vaccine preventable, highly transmissible viral infection that affects mostly children under five years. It has been ear marked for elimination and Nigeria adopted the measles elimination strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO) African region to reduce cases and deaths. This study was done to determine trends in measles cases in Bayelsa state, to describe cases in terms of person and place, identify gaps in the case-based surveillance data collection system and identify risk factors for measles infection. Methods We carried out a secondary data analysis of measles case-based surveillance data for the period of January 2014 to December 2018 obtained in Microsoft Excel from the State Ministry of Health. Cases were defined according to WHO standard case definitions. We calculated frequencies, proportions, estimated odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 449 cases of measles were reported. There were 245(54.6%) males and the most affected age group was 1-4 years with 288(64.1%) cases. Of all cases, 289(9.35%) were confirmed and 70 (48.27%) had received at least one dose of measles vaccine. There was an all-year transmission with increased cases in the 4th quarter of the year. Yenegoa local government area had the highest number of cases. Timeliness of specimen reaching the laboratory and the proportion of specimens received at the laboratory with results sent to the national level timely were below WHO recommended 80% respectively. Predictors of measles infection were, age less than 5 years (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91) and residing in an urban area (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI:1.02-2.34). Conclusions Measles infection occurred all-year round, with children less than 5 years being more affected. Measles case-based surveillance system showed high levels of case investigation with poor data quality and poor but improving indicators. Being less than 5 years was protective of measles while living in urban areas increased risk for infection. We recommended to the state government to prioritize immunization activities in the urban centers, start campaigns by the 4th quarter and continue to support measles surveillance activities and the federal government to strengthen regional laboratory capacities.
Psoralen alleviates high glucose-induced HK-2 cell injury by a mechanism involving miR-847 upregulation
Authors: Lin Yongtao , Zhong Lili , Li Hailun , Xu Yong , Li Xiang , Zheng Donghui
Published: May 2020

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) causes the vast proportion of excess mortality for patients with diabetes. Novel therapeutic approaches slowing down its incidence is still lacking. Psoralen is the major active ingredient of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (PCL), which was used to treat a number of diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether psoralen could alleviate DN and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Cell viability assay and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the effect of psoralen on high glucose (HG)-stimulated human kidney HK-2 cells. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expressions of miRNA in cells. Cell transfection, apoptosis assay and Western blot were further performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Psoralen alleviated HG-induced viability decrease of HK-2 cells via inhibiting apoptosis. Meanwhile, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation induced by HG in HK-2 cells were also decreased by psoralen. In addition, the expression of miR-874 in HK-2 cells was significantly upregulated by psoralen. Western blot assays indicated that psoralen inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling via upregulation of miR-874. Conclusion This study demonstrated that psoralen could significantly alleviate HG-induced HK-2 cell injury via upregulation of miR-874. Therefore, psoralen might serve as an agent for the treatment of DN.
Predictive Factors of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Previously Healthy Young Adults: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhou Changzhi , Huang Zhe , Hu Yi , Geng Shuang , Tan Weijun , Li Xueying , Yin Wen , Xiao Yang , Tao Zhaowu
Published: May 2020

Background: Several previously healthy young adults have developed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and a few of them progressed to the severe stage. However, the factors are not yet determined. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 123 previously healthy young adults diagnosed with COVID-19 from January to March 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan. Patients were classified as having mild or severe COVID-19 based on their respiratory rate, SpO2, and PaO2/FiO2 levels. Patients’ symptoms, computer tomography (CT) images, preadmission drugs received, and the serum biochemical examination on admission were compared between the mild and severe groups. Significant variables were enrolled into logistic regression model to predict the factors affecting disease severity. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to validate the predictive value of predictors. Result: Age; temperature; anorexia; and white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, platelet count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, albumin, and fibrinogen values were significantly different between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that lymphopenia (P=0.010) indicated severe prognosis in previously healthy young adults with COVID-19, with the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.791(95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.704–0.877)(P<0.001). Conclusion: For previously healthy young adults with COVID-19, lymphopenia on admission can predict severe prognosis.
Retinoblastoma ( Rb ) promotes senescence of corneal endothelial cells by inhibiting the activation of E2F2
Authors: Jiang Alan , Mao longbing , Duan sujuan , Zhang yanyan , Liu xing , Cui wenwen , Sang yi , Huang Guofu
Published: May 2020

Background Senescence-like changes occur in aging Corneal endothelial cells (CECs), and these changes are associated with decreased vision and age-related corneal diseases. such as Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED), chronic corneal allograft dysfunction (CCAD). Such changes have also been shown to cultured cell in vitro after passaging. Therefore, studying the mechanism of CEC senescence would aid in the development of anti-senescence treatment, which would benefit FED and CCAD. The tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) gene product pRB triggers senescent growth arrest when inactivated. In this study, we used siRNA treatment to evaluate whether RB knockdown could suppress CEC senescence, and we investigated relevant molecular mechanisms.Methods RCECs were obtained and were cultured with or without siRb. Senescent cells were detected with a β-galactosidase senescence staining kit. The gene p21, which is associated with a senescent phenotype, was measured by RT-PCR. The morphology and migration of cultured RCECs were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. ZO-1 and N-Cadherin, which are involved in pump and barrier functions, were assessed by immunofluorescence. Cell cycle assessment was performed using a flow cytometer (BD FACSCalibur).Results As the cells were passaged, the number of senescent RCECs, the levels of the senescence-related gene p21, and the levels of senescence-associated secretory factors increased. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RB led to suppression of cell senescence and the SASP. Furthermore, RB intervention increased the numbers of cells at the G2/M and S phase but did not influence the cell function or migratory ability. Knockdown of RB promoted the activation of E2F2.Conclusions We demonstrated that as the cells increased in passage number, the number of senescent RCECs, the levels of the senescence-related genes p21, and the levels of senescence-associated secretory factors increased. Retinoblastoma (Rb) promoted the senescence of corneal endothelial cells by inhibiting the activation of E2F2.
Impact of maternal age on birthweight in frozen embryo transfer cycles: an analysis including 12565 singleton newborns
Authors: Ni Zhexin , Sun Shuai , Cheng Wen , Yu Jin , Zhai Dongxia , Zhang Danying , Cai Zailong , Kuang Yanping , Yu Chaoqin
Published: May 2020

Background Previous studies have investigated the effect of maternal age on assisted reproductive technology (ART) success rates. However, little is known about the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Does maternal age have an impact on singleton birthweight in FET cycles?Methods This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre, involving singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017. A total of 12565 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled and were grouped into four groups according to the maternal age: <30, 30–34, 35–39, and ≥ 40 years old. Maternal age between 30 and 34 years old was taken as a reference group. Singleton birthweight was the key outcome measure. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight with controlling for a number of potential confounders.Results A modest decrease but no significant difference in birthweight and gestational age- and gender-adjusted birthweight (Z-scores) was observed in maternal age over 35 years old as compared with group with 30–34 years old. Further, multiple linear regression analyses indicated that maternal body mass index (BMI), embryo developmental stage at transfer, parity, number of embryos transferred, FET endometrial preparation, endometrial thickness, gestational age and newborn gender were all independent predictors of neonatal birthweight.Conclusion Grouping with different maternal age was not associated with mean birthweight and Z-scores of singletons resulting from FET.
Effect of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Water Footprint of Aswan High Dam Hydropower
Authors: Elbaradei Sherine Ahmed , Abdelkader Sarah Ehab
Published: May 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate is a Predictive Factor for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in a Community-Based 4.8-year Prospective Study
Authors: Han Jie , Wang Xiaona , Ye Ping , Cao Ruihua , Xiao Wenkai , Bai Yongyi , Wu Hongmei
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Persistent elevation of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), which is considered as a sensitive and specific biomarker of myocardial injury, is frequently observed in patients with renal insufficiency. Meanwhile, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. With a highly sensitive assay, the prevalence of detectable highly sensitive cTnT (hs-cTnT) is greatly improved even in general population. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between renal function (eGFR) and myocardial injury (hs-cTnT) in a community-based population.Methods: We analyzed the relationship between baseline eGFR and follow-up hs-cTnT, and the change of hs-cTnT in 1354 participants after 4.8 years follow-up.Results: In Pearson’s correlation analysis, baseline eGFR showed a negative relationship with follow-up hs-cTnT (r=-0.439; P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline eGFR was independently and negatively associated with follow-up hs-cTnT (β=-0.310, P = 0.005). Stepwise logistic regression models revealed that baseline eGFR was significantly associated with the change in hs-cTnT after 4.8 years follow-up. However, the change in eGFR was not associated with the change in hs-cTnT.Conclusions: Baseline eGFR levels were independently and negatively associated with follow-up hs-cTnT. Furthermore, baseline eGFR levels were an independent predictor of the change in hs-cTnT 4.8 years follow-up, indicating a relationship between renal function and myocardial injury in a community-based population.
Neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Ramdin Tanusha , Magadla Yoliswa , Saggers Robin T , Mphaphuli Aripfani Veronica , Bandini Rossella M , Ballot Daynia Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Background: Improved survival in preterm infants whether due to technological progress or treatment like antenatal steroids, surfactant administration or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and aggressive resuscitation have raised the question about whether the survivors would be more prone to increased morbidity and adverse neurodevelopmental disability. Methods: This was a prospective follow-up study conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, version III, were conducted on a group of extreme low birth weight infants (ELBWI). The mean composite cognitive, language and motor sub-scales were reported. Infants were considered to be “at risk” if the composite subscale score was below 85 and “disabled” if the composite subscale score was below 70. Infants identified with cerebral palsy were also reported.Results: The mean birth weight of the study group was 858.5grams (95% CI 839.2- 877.8) and the mean gestational age was 27.5 weeks (95% CI 27.1-27.9). The majority of ELBWI enrolled in the study had at least one Bayley at a mean corrected age of 17.09 months (CI 16.04 to 18.14). The mean composite scores for cognition were 98.4 (CI 95.1-101.7), language 90.0 (CI 87.5-92.6) and motor 97.9 (CI 94.8-101.0). All mean scores fell within the normal range, but the composite language score was the lowest. The study did not diagnose cerebral palsy in any of the infants. The study found 28 (36.3%) infants to be “at risk” for neurodevelopmental delay. Significantly more males were classified as “at risk” than females (13/25 (52%) vs. 15/52 (28.8%). Late onset sepsis (sepsis18/37 (48.6%) vs. no sepsis 10/40 (25%) p=0.031) and longer duration of ventilation (median of 12 days (IQR 46) vs. median of 4.0 days (IQR 5) p=0.048) were significantly associated with an “at risk” classification. Conclusion: Rates of early neurodevelopmental impairment have altered minimally despite significant improvements in the overall survival of ELBWI. It is of paramount importance to ensure that early neurodevelopmental outcomes are accurately assessed so as to assist doctors and families in establishing a foundation for advocacy for the immediate intensive care and post discharge follow up.
XAF1 is identified as a novel hub gene and associated with the clinical characteristics of lupus nephritis
Authors: Zeng Xingruo , Xie Tian , Sun Jiaxing , Lei Yufei , Jia Lin , Wei Zimeng , Jamal Muhammad , Qin Hong , zhang qiuping
Published: June 2020

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality. At present, the definitive therapies towards LN remains to be elucidated, so illuminating the molecular mechanism behind the disease has become an urgent task for researchers. This study set out to screen the hub genes of LN.
Methods

The microarray expression profile dataset GSE32591 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with 15 normal and 32 LN samples was assessed in this study. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on the LN-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Nephroseq database was performed to identify correlation analysis between unexplored hub genes and clinical features of LN. Additionally, the expression of the candidate genes was detected in the kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry.
Results

The 14 genes (13 upregulated and 1 downregulated) ultimately screened out as candidate hub genes of the pathogenesis of LN. Moreover, Correlation analysis between the unexplored hub genes and clinical features of LN suggested that XAF1 may involve in the progression of LN. Finally, our data demonstrated that the expression level of XAF1 was upregulated in LN compared with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and related to the WHO Lupus Nephritis Class and the quantitative 24 h proteinuria of LN patients.
Conclusions

The current study proposed XAF1 as a novel hub gene in LN which may perform as a brand-new biomarker or therapeutic target of LN in the future.
EFEITO DA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA E DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NO DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL NO SETOR DE SAÚDE
Authors: De Luca Jessica Mendes , Góis Alan Diógenes , De Luca Marcia Martins Mendes , Medeiros Jislene Trindade
Published: May 2020

O estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o efeito da responsabilidade social corporativa e da governança corporativa no desempenho empresarial no setor de saúde. Para tanto, por meio de regressão quantílica com dados em painel, são analisadas 453 empresas de capital aberto (1.825 observações) do setor de saúde, de 31 países, que possuem dados nas bases Thomson Reuters Eikon e World Bank, referentes ao período 2010-2018. Os resultados demonstram que a responsabilidade social corporativa e a governança corporativa são positivamente correlacionadas, e que essa relação afeta positivamente o desempenho empresarial de mercado, mensurado pelo Q de Tobin, e negativamente o desempenho empresarial operacional, medido pelo Return On Assets. Desse modo, verifica-se que as práticas ambientais, sociais e de governança corporativa são relevantes para a legitimação das empresas do setor de saúde apenas na perspectiva da criação de valor. Portanto, considerando-se a alta relevância social e econômica do segmento, tem-se que, para se perpetuar no mercado, a empresa do setor de saúde deve buscar melhorias ou implementar práticas de responsabilidade social corporativa e de governança corporativa.
RECRUTAMENTO, SELEÇÃO E RETENÇÃO DE PESSOAS:
Authors: Candiotto Pereira Anna Sophia , Luiz Marques Antônio
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as contribuições do processo de recrutamento e seleção para a retenção de profissionais de saúde que ingressaram no Programa de Residência Multiprofissional (PRM) de um hospital-escola da cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Dentre os principais resultados observa-se que a Instituição Hospitalar objeto deste estudo optou por adotar apenas a prova objetiva e a de títulos, isso porque a prática é onerosa e a psicológica é deveras subjetiva, podendo ser questionada pelos candidatos por meio de recursos, podendo inclusive suspender ou atrasar o processo de seleção. Nesse sentido merece especial atenção o fato de que os principais motivadores do turnover observado estão relacionados à ausência de avaliação prévia do candidato não o preparando para o ambiente que enfrentará ao longo de sua prática laboral, sendo os motivos apresentados para a evasão mensurada se devem ao fato desses residentes não se adaptarem ao ambiente de sofrimento hospitalar.
CONTRATUALIZAÇÃO DE UM HOSPITAL FILANTRÓPICO NO SUS:
Authors: Neves César , Sousa Valéria , Nascimento Lílian
Published: May 2020

As entidades sem fins lucrativos possuem importante papel estratégico na rede pública de saúde. Considerando a qualidade do atendimento e a fragilidade econômica e gerencial observável em parte significativa deste segmento, ameaçando a sua sobrevivência, são fundamentais mudanças que visem melhorias na assistência, gestão e financiamento. Para atender a esta necessidade e superar estas crises, o Ministério da Saúde cria, em 2005, o Programa de Reestruturação e Contratualização dos Hospitais Filantrópicos no SUS, propondo mudanças no modelo contratual adotado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever a percepção e a participação dos profissionais de enfermagem na implementação do programa em um estabelecimento de saúde. Realizamos uma pesquisa descritiva a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. Verificamos que não há rigor na definição das metas qualitativas do programa, prejudicando a avaliação e ignorando a principal inovação instituída. Entre os profissionais de Enfermagem, nenhum conhece a Contratualização, embora consigam perceber e relatar algumas ações e transformações que são condizentes com os objetivos do programa.
ANÁLISE DO ENDIVIDAMENTO DE HOSPITAIS PRESTADORES DE SERVIÇOS DE ALTA COMPLEXIDADE NO SUS
Authors: Pedelhes Milena , Guerra Mariana
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo objetivou analisar o endividamento dos hospitais que prestam serviços de saúde de alta complexidade ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com destaque para a natureza dessas organizações: públicos, universitários e filantrópicos. Baseado em Avelar et al. (2015) e La Forgia e Couttolenc (2009), formularam-se seis modelos econométricos, tendo como variável dependente o endividamento hospitalar e como variáveis independentes indicadores financeiros e operacionais e variáveis categóricas. Os dados secundários coletados referem-se aos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 para amostras de 45, 54 e 49 hospitais, por ano, prestadores de serviços ao SUS. Com base nos determinantes identificados nesse estudo, o endividamento dos hospitais públicos pode estar relacionado aos maiores índices de horas trabalhadas por leito (FTELO), em média, e a maiores taxas de ocupação (TO), em média. Já os universitários tiveram menores níveis de endividamento, uma vez que apresentaram, em média, maior risco (R) e rentabilidade (ROA).
ATTRIBUTES OF SUPERINTENDENTS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Godeiro de Medeiros Lima Victor , De Oliveira Gonçalves Andrea
Published: May 2020

The study aims to verify the relationship between financial performance and the attributes of the superintendents of teaching hospitals linked to EBSERH. The research sample involved 48 superintendents who worked in one of the 26 teaching hospitals whose data were available for the period from 2017 to 2019. Through panel data analysis, medium complexity contracting performance (desempenho de contratualização de média complexidade, in brazilian portuguese) was considered as a dependent variable and the independent variables are gender, level of formal education and professional experience (both tenure and in the sector). The control variables are the budget, number of employees and number of beds available in the hospital. The results pointed out that the male gender and the level of formal education are related to improved financial performance. The tenure is negatively related. It therefore concludes that these attributes are related significantly to the results of the financial performance of hospitals, pointing out that the ideal superintendent would be a man, PhD and with a shorter tenure, which would imply a manager prone to take more risks and test new strategies, with greater technical knowledge about the area and with an urge to show competence and impose changes.

Keywords: Financial Performance. Attributes. Superintendents.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA INOVAÇÃO PARA A COMPETITIVIDADE DOS SERVIÇOS ADMINISTRATIVO-OPERACIONAIS HOSPITALARES PRESTADOS ÀS OPERADORAS DE PLANOS DE SAÚDE.
Authors: Auad João Batista , Ávila Rafael Oliveira de
Published: May 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo analisar como as instituições hospitalares utilizam a inovação dos processos para promover maior competitividade dos serviços administrativo-operacionais hospitalares prestados às operadoras de planos de saúde. Para a abordagem deste estudo optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, com fins descritivos, por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos, tendo como procedimento técnico a análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em seis hospitais privados da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte no período de dezembro/2016-janeiro/2017. Os resultados apresentados revelam que a utilização da inovação é realizada nos hospitais pesquisados de forma incipiente, não sistemática e intencional. As categorias de Custeio, de Compras, de Gestão dos leitos, de Faturamento e de Atendimento tiveram resultados satisfatórios ofertando benefícios para as operadoras de planos de saúde. Porém, as categorias de Estoques, Fluxo financeiro, Estrutura de redes e de computadores e Política de recursos humanos não foram satisfatórios, não ofertando benefícios para as operadoras de planos de saúde.

Palavras-chave: Inovação. Competitividade. Custos.
Developing a Differential Zone for Virus Disease Prevention using Phytoterapy
Authors: Mukhina Aleksandra Alekseevna
Published: June 2020

Pulmonology is a branch of medicine that treats diseases of the respiratory system. An important problem in the modern world is chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: bronchial asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, including obstructive and others. This group of diseases with a transient or permanent violation of airway patency with the development and further progression of respiratory failure.
Covid-19 ve Afrika
Authors: DEDELER Mehmet , ÖZDİLEK Yusuf İhsan , ŞİMŞEK Feride İrem , ABDULLAHOĞLU Süleyman Deniz , EREN Tunç , ÇOLAPKULU Nuray , DİNÇER Berna , LEBLEBİCİ Metin , OVALI Fahri , ALİMOĞLU Orhan
Published: May 2020

Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan bölgesinde başlayan Covid-19 (koronavirus hastalığı 2019) pandemisi, Afrika kıtasında da etkisini göstermektedir. Sağlık personeli sayısı, yoğun bakım yatağı sayısı, laboratuvar kapasitesi, temiz su ve altyapı imkanları, Covid-19 test ve tedavi imkanlarının yetersiz olduğu kıta ülkelerinde salgının daha büyük halk kitlelerini etkisi altına alarak vaka ve ölüm sayılarını artırmasından endişe edilmektedir. Bunların yanı sıra, kıtadaki sıtma, HIV, tüberküloz gibi hastalıklardaki prevalansın hali hazırda yüksek olmasının da mortaliteye katkıda bulunabileceği düşünülmektedir. Afrika Birliği (African Union) çatısı altındaki Afrika Hastalık Kontrolü ve Önleme Merkezleri (Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention - Africa CDC), koordineli bir şekilde önlemler alsa da yüksek gelirli ülkelerin dahi tedarik zincirinde ve medikal ekipman stoklarında sorun yaşadığı bu pandemi sürecinde kıta ülkelerinin ekonomik yönden de yardıma ihtiyaç duyduğu açıktır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Afrika Birliği ile Afrika CDC gibi kuruluşların verimli iş birlikleri ve örgütlenmeleri, hükümetlerin sağlık otoriteleriyle ortak ve hızlı bir şekilde karar almaları, medyanın halkı bilinçlendirme noktasında doğru kullanımı, halkın fiziksel mesafe ve sık el yıkama kurallarına uyması, koronavirüs test kitleri, kişisel koruyucu ekipman, maske, ventilatör ve diğer yaşam destek ekipmanlarının sağlanması ve/veya bağışlanması Afrika’da Covid-19’dan mümkün olduğunca az sayıda insanın etkilenmesinin sağlanmasında kritik öneme sahiptir.
Benjamin, Walter (2018). Son Bakışta Aşk. (haz. Nurdan Gürbilek çev. Ahmet Doğukan vd.) 8. baskı. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
Authors: Yıldırım Mamıka
Published: May 2020

Walter Benjamin’in (1892-1940) felsefe, yazın ve özellikle estetik alanındaki önemi 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında giderek artmıştır. Yapıtlarının temel sorunsalı geleneğin çözülmesiyle birlikte sanatın yeni biçim ve işlevler kazandığı konusu ve bunun nasıl ele alınması gerektiği şeklindedir. Eserlerinde, toplumdaki ortak değerlerin çözülmesiyle modern sanatta alegorinin gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemiştir. Kısaca geleneğin çözülmesiyle birlikte sanatın yeni biçim ve işlevler kazanması Benjamin’in eserlerinin başlıca konusu olmuştur. Siyasi anlamda kurtuluşu giderek sosyalist devrimle özdeşleştirmiştir.
Değerlendirdiğimiz Son Bakışta Aşk, Benjamin’in özellikle edebiyatla ilgili denemelerinden oluşmaktadır. Benjamin’in farklı dönemlerde, farklı konularda yazdığı, farklı eserlerinde yer alan yedi denemesi ve Nurdan Gürbilek’in yazdığı sunuş yazısından oluşmaktadır.
Exploring Potential of Alkaloidal Phytochemicals Targeting Neuroinflammatory Signaling of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Uddin Md. Sahab , Kabir Md. Tanvir , Al Mamun Abdullah , Behl Tapan , Mansouri Rasha A. , Aloqbi Akram Ahmed , Perveen Asma , Hafeez Abdul , Ashraf Ghulam Md
Published: May 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is marked by cognitive dysfunctions
and the existence of neuropathological hallmarks such as amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. It has
been observed that a persistent immune response in the brain has appeared as another neuropathological hallmark
in AD. The sustained activation of the microglia, the brain’s resident macrophages, and other immune cells has
been shown to aggravate both tau and amyloid pathology and may consider as a connection in the AD pathogenesis.
However, the basic mechanisms that link immune responses in the pathogenesis of AD are unclear until now
since the process of neuroinflammation can have either a harmful or favorable effect on AD, according to the
phase of the disease. Numerous researches recommend that nutritional fruits, as well as vegetables, possess neurodefensive
properties against the detrimental effects of neuroinflammation and aging. Moreover, these effects
are controlled by diverse phytochemical compounds that are found in plants and demonstrate anti-inflammatory,
neuroprotective, as well as other beneficial actions. In this review, we focus on the link of neuroinflammation in
AD as well as highlight the probable mechanisms of alkaloidal phytochemicals to combat the neuroinflammatory
aspect of AD.
Treatment of the Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease According to Cluster Symptoms Presentation
Authors: Lauretani Fulvio , Saginario Antonio , Paolo Ceda Gian , Galuppo Laura , Ruffini Livia , Nardelli Anna , Maggio Marcello
Published: May 2020

The term Parkinson’s disease has been changed in ‘Parkinson's diseases’ to describe different clinical entities observed in several studies investigating the existence of PD subtypes. PD patients could be grouped based on clinical features. By considering only motor symptoms, we can classically distinguish two groups: “ the tremorigen-form” and “akinetic- rigidity-form” where resting tremor and akinesia/bradikynesia and rigidity are the most motor predominant symptoms, respectively. Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) are practically always present during the course of the disease and some of them (constipation, depressive status, hyposmia and anxiety) could even exist before the onset of classical motor symptoms. Many other NMSs and in particular hallucinations, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders and difficulty in swallowing strongly affect the advanced stage of disease, and represent a real therapeutic challenge when these symptoms are simultaneously present with different severity. If not adequately treated, they can increase the risk of hospitalization and admissions in nursing home, and profoundly and negatively influence the quality of life and participation in social activity of these patients. PD subtypes according to the combination of motor and non-motor symptoms have been recently proposed. This classification derives from cluster analysis which permits to identify statistically distinct subtypes of Parkinsonian patients according to the relevance of both motor and non-motor symptoms. In this point of view, we propose a schematic therapeutic approach of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease according to cluster symptoms presentation (motor and non-motor symptoms) and using medications that act on multiple domains of PD symptoms.
PAF Receptor and Tumor Growth
Authors: Jancar Sonia , Chammas Roger
Published: May 2020

The receptor for the lipid mediator PAF (PAFR) is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in several cell types. Besides PAF, a series of oxidized phospholipids can also bind to PAFR. Dying cells also express PAFR-ligands and, in both situations, scavenger receptors are involved as well. There is evidence that the scavenger receptor CD36 and PAFR associate in the macrophages membrane and signal in conjunction to induce a regulatory phenotype. In the tumor microenvironment, apoptotic cells are abundant due to hypoxia, and PAF-like phospholipids are generated. Engagement of PAFR expressed by tumor macrophages and dendritic cells induces a regulatory/tolerogenic phenotype and subverts the innate and adaptive immune response to the tumor. During cancer therapies, PAFR-ligands can be generated, further aggravating the immune suppression. Moreover, some tumor cells express PAFR and its activation by PAFR-ligands generated during chemotherapy induce anti-apoptotic factors, which protect the tumor cells from death induced by these treatments. It is proposed that PAFR antagonists, administered in combination with chemotherapy, may represent a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
Comparative Proteome Analysis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains - H37Ra, H37Rv, CCDC5180, and CAS/NITR204: A Step Forward to Identify Novel Drug Targets
Authors: Gupta Shradheya R.R. , Gupta Ekta , Ohri Avnam , Shrivastava Sandeep Kumar , Kachhwaha Sumita , Sharma Vinay , Mishra Rupesh Kumar , Niraj Ravi Ranjan Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of tuberculosis. It is a
non-motile, acid-fast, obligatory aerobic bacterium. Finding novel drug targets in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis has become extremely important as the bacterium is evolving into a more dangerous
multi-drug resistant pathogen. The predominant strains in India belong to the Central-Asian, East-
African Indian, and Beijing clad. For the same reason, the whole proteomes of a non-virulent strain
(H37Ra), a virulent (H37Rv) and two clinical strains, a Central-Asian clad (CAS/NITR204) and a
Beijing clad (CCDC5180) have been selected for comparative study. Selecting a phylogenetically
close and majorly studied non-virulent strain is helpful in removing the common and undesired proteins
from the study.

Objective:

The study compares the whole proteome of non-virulent strain with the other three virulent
strains to find a unique protein responsible for virulence in virulent strains. It is expected that
the drugs developed against identified targets will be specific to the virulent strains. Additionally, to
assure minimal toxicity to the host, we also screened the human proteome.

Methods:

Comparative proteome analysis was used for target identification and in silico validation
of identified target protein Rv2466c, identification of the respective ligand of the identified target
protein and binding interaction study using Molecular docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation
study were used in this study.

Results and Discussion:

Finally, eleven proteins were found to be unique in virulent strain only and
out of which, Rv2466c (PDB-ID: 4ZIL) was found to be an essential protein and identified as a putative
drug target protein for further study. The compound glutathione was found to be a suitable
inhibitor for Rv2466c. In this study, we used a comparative proteomics approach to identify novel
target proteins.

Conclusion:

This study is unique as we are assured that the study will move forward the research in
a new direction to cure the deadly disease (tuberculosis) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Rv2466c was identified as a novel drug target and glutathione as a respective ligand of Rv2466c.
Discovery of the novel drug target as well as the drug will provide a solution to drug resistance as
well as the infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
How Does Diabetes Impair Penile Tissues during Erectile Dysfunction?
Authors: Wu Yi-Xing , Yang Chun-Tao , Li Na , Zheng Xue , Li Xiang , Zhang Hui , Shen Jie
Published: May 2020

Background:

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant but underestimated complication
during diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, few special treatments are available clinically due to the lack
of specific therapeutic targets. Genomic analysis can be helpful to find potential targets. In this study,
the gene expression under diabetic ED condition was analyzed using a gene array, and the significance
of the outcomes was evaluated through clinical data.

Methods:

The expressions of 15923 genes were analyzed using R software. Differential expression
genes (DEGs) were identified through the constructed volcano plot. The function enrichment of Gene
Ontology (GO) and KEGG was screened with the DAVID online tool. The interaction between these
DEGs was revealed through constructing a protein-protein interaction network and the hub genes were
uncovered using the STRING and Cytoscape tool. Lastly, the data of diabetic ED patients were applied
to verify the bioinformatics findings.

Results:

The study showed that 75 genes in the rat penile tissues were upregulated, while 97 genes
were downregulated on the diabetic ED condition. These genes were mainly involved in extracellular
matrix composition, collagen fibril organization, as well as protein digestion & absorption. Additionally,
insulin-related signaling pathways were affected. The clinical analysis indicated that insulin resistance
was associated with the diabetic ED severity. Notably, the bioinformatics analysis also suggested
that ferroptosis pathway was probably activated under the diabetic ED condition.

Conclusion:

The impaired protein synthesis induced by deficient insulin signaling is an important
cause of the diabetic ED. The improvement of protein synthesis through restoring insulin function may
be potentially useful for diabetic ED therapy.
Scorpion Toxin-potassium Channel Interaction Law and its Applications
Authors: Zuo Zheng , Chen Zongyun , Cao Zhijian , Li Wenxin , Wu Yingliang
Published: May 2020

:

The scorpion toxins are the largest potassium channel-blocking, peptide family. The
understanding of toxin binding interfaces is usually restricted to two classical binding interfaces:
one is the toxin α-helix motif, and the other is the antiparallel β-sheet motif. In this review, such
traditional knowledge has been updated by another two different binding interfaces: one is BmKTX
toxin using the turn motif between the α-helix and antiparallel β-sheet domains as the binding interface,
while the other is Tsκ toxin using the turn motif between the β-sheet in the N-terminal and α-
helix domains as the binding interface. Their interaction analysis indicated that the scarce, negatively
charged residues in the scorpion toxins played a critical role in orientating the toxin binding
interface. In view of the toxin, being negatively charged amino acids as a “binding interface regulator”,
the law of scorpion toxin-potassium channel interaction was proposed, that is, the polymorphism
of negatively charged residue distribution determines the diversity of toxin binding interfaces.
Such a law was used to develop the scorpion toxin-potassium channel recognition control
technique. According to this technique, three Kv1.3 channel-targeted peptides, using BmKTX as the
template, were designed with the distinct binding interfaces from that of BmKTX by modulating the
distribution of toxin, negatively charged residues. In view of the potassium channel as the common
target of different animal toxins, the proposed law was also shown to adjust the binding interfaces
of other animal toxins. The toxin-potassium channel interaction law would strongly accelerate the
research and development of different potassium channel-blocking animal toxins in the future.
Data Analytics and Security Policy
Authors: CASIS
Published: May 2020

On January 16th, 2020, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its first roundtable event of the year, titled “Data Analytics and Security Policy: The New Paradigm?” This presentation featured Mr. Mark Masongsong, CEO of Urban Logiq, a Vancouver based data analytics company. Mr. Masongsong’s presentation focused on the development of data analytics technology, its utility in addressing recent security cases, and the projected future of the data analytics industry. The subsequent roundtable discussion centred around a case study on deep fakes and their prevalence throughout social media. Thereafter, audience members discussed the security implications of deep fake technology and ways to address the problem within online spaces.
A New State of Organized Crime
Authors: Shanti Davina
Published: May 2020

Organized crime is often associated with traditional criminal groups, such as the mafia or outlaw motorcycle gangs; however, new research suggests that cybercrime is emerging as a new branch of organized crime. This paper is focused on the changing nature of organized crime and the factors that influence this shift, particularly in the online space. It will address the question: Can the law identify cybercrime as organized crime? The results of this paper are informed by an in-depth analysis of peer-reviewed articles from Canada, the United States (US), and Europe. This paper concludes that cybercrime groups are structured and operate similarly to traditional organized crime groups and should, therefore, be classified as a part of traditional organized crime; however, cybercrime groups are capable of conducting illicit activities that surpass those typically associated with traditional organized crime. This shift suggests that these groups may represent a larger threat creating a new challenge for law enforcement agencies.
Kekistanis and the Meme War on Social Media
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed
Published: May 2020

This study examines public discourse, on Instagram and Twitter, related to the alt-right group which call themselves: Kekistanis. It offers an empirical understanding of this community, which uses highly-divisive language in promoting white supremacy through targeted memes. After tracing the origins and nature of the Kekistanis’ coded language, I present a mixed method analysis of tweets and Instagram posts that reference Kekistan and Kek, in order to understand their main themes, messages, and communication strategies.
Eliminate Hate
Authors: Martin Jenni
Published: May 2020

The prevalence of hate speech and hate-motivated crimes in Canada can be attributed to the systemic failures of Canadian laws. These laws have historically condoned ill treatment towards minorities and minimal changes have been made to remedy this. An examination of how Canadian criminal law defines hate speech and hate-motivated crimes will provide a better understanding of how the current legal framework inadequately addresses it. An analysis of the current state of affairs and real-world implications will provide information on statistics and consequences. Particular attention is focused on several minority groups who face the consequences of these crimes. More research should be conducted focusing on the effects of hate speech and crime on victims and their mental health. Moreover, additional research determining causal linkages between hate speech and serious violent incidents of hate crimes would better solidify the need to address hate speech more seriously.