bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copulatory mechanism and functional morphology of genitalia and anal horn of the scorpionfly Cerapanorpa dubia (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Authors: Tong Xin , Zhong Wen , Hua Bao‐Zhen
Published: October 2018

The scorpionfly genus Cerapanorpa is characterized by the male possessing a single finger‐like anal horn on the posterior portion of tergite VI. However, the functional morphology of this anal horn and the genitalia have not been studied to date. Herein, we investigated the functional morphology of the genitalia and the nongenital structures of the scorpionfly Cerapanorpa dubia by observing the mating process and dissecting the freeze‐fixated pairs in copula to reveal the copulatory mechanism. The male C. dubia provides a solid salivary mass to the female as a nuptial gift prior to copulation. When the female starts to feed on the gift, the male uses his notal organ and complex genital structures to control the closest wing and genitalia of the female to establish a V‐shaped mating position. In the maintenance phase of copulation, the male uses his anal horn in cooperation with the basally‐constricted abdominal segment VII to clamp female abdominal segment VIII. The male hypovalves grasp female cerci, and move up and down rhythmically. The paired parameres clasp both sides of female tergite IX. The basal processes on male gonostyli grip the pleural membranes of the female genital chamber. In the sperm transfer phase, the male aedeagus directly couples with the female medigynium to transmit sperm by connecting his phallotreme to the female's copulatory pore. The evolution of the male complex grasping structures in Panorpidae is also briefly discussed.
w‐Type ions formed by electron transfer dissociation of Cys‐containing peptides investigated by infrared ion spectroscopy
Authors: Kempkes Lisanne J. M. , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos
Published: October 2018

In mass spectrometry‐based peptide sequencing, electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) have become well‐established fragmentation methods complementary to collision‐induced dissociation. The dominant fragmentation pathways during ETD and ECD primarily involve the formation of c‐ and z•‐type ions by cleavage of the peptide backbone at the N─Cα bond, although neutral losses from amino acid side chains have also been observed. Residue‐specific neutral side chain losses provide useful information when conducting database searching and de novo sequencing. Here, we use a combination of infrared ion spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations to assign the structures of two ETD‐generated w‐type fragment ions. These ions are spontaneously formed from ETD‐generated z•‐type fragments by neutral loss of 33 Da in peptides containing a cysteine residue. Analysis of the infrared ion spectra confirms that these z•‐ions expel a thiol radical (SH•) and that a vinyl C═C group is formed at the cleavage site. z•‐type fragments containing a Cys residue but not at the cleavage site do not spontaneously expel a thiol radical, but only upon additional collisional activation after ETD.
Prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HPV infections in women with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Mingxia , Du Xinxin , Lu Menghan , Zhang Weiyi , Sun Zhihui , Li Lian , Ye Mingxia , Fan Wensheng , Jiang Shufang , Liu Aijun , Wang Min , Meng Yuanguang , Li Yali
Published: October 2018

We assessed the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infections. A total of 1783 women who underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy for abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test and/or HR‐HPV subtype genotyping results were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 770 were diagnosed with cervicitis, 395 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 542 with CIN2‐3, and 76 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with HR‐HPV infection rates of 75.8%, 85.8%, 95.9%, and 88.4%, respectively. The prevalence of total and multiple HR‐HPV infections exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak at ≤25 years, a decline with age and a second peak at ≥55 years, whereas single HR‐HPV infections exhibited one peak from 35 to 44 years. The four most dominant HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (29.5%), 52 (15.0%), 58 (14.2%), and 18 (10.4%). In total, 67.0%, 70.4%, and 82.1% of patients with CIN1, CIN2‐3, and SCC, respectively, had a single HR‐HPV infection, which increased significantly with the aggravation of the cervical lesion grade (P = 0.045). Patients with a single HPV 16 infection had higher incidences of CIN2+ (62.2%) than those with multiple HPV 16 infections (52.4%) (P = 0.021). Patients coinfected with HPV 16 had higher CIN2+ incidence than those with single HPV 52, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, or 59 infections (P < 0.001). This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HR‐HPV infections in women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in Beijing.
Social behavioral correlates of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus infection among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Yuan Huangbo , Liu Zhenqiu , Wu Xuefu , Fang Qiwen , Zheng Jun , Zeng Yan , Zhang Tiejun
Published: October 2018

Background

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic in Xinjiang, China and its prevalence varies considerably across ethnic groups. The current study explored the prevalence and correlates of KSHV infection among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study, including 282 Han ethnicity and 312 Uygur, was conducted in Xinjiang, China. All participants underwent face to face questionnaire interview. Plasma samples were collected and screened for KSHV infection using immunofluorescence assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the correlates of KSHV seropositivity.

Results

The KSHV seroprevalence was 41.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.6‐45.6) overall and was higher in the Uygur group (59.9%; 95% CI, 54.3‐65.4) than the Han group (21.3%; 95% CI, 16.6‐26.5). A significant difference in the geometric mean titer (GMT) of the KSHV antibodies was detected between the Uygur and Han groups (158.2; interquartile range [IQR], 80‐320 vs 89.1; IQR, 40‐160; P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, Uygur ethnicity (odds ratios [OR], 5.96; 95% CI, 4.05‐8.90), age greater than or equal to 50 years (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.24‐2.77), and preference for meat diet (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.05‐4.46) were significantly associated with increased odds of KSHV seropositivity.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated high prevalence and correlates of KSHV infection in both Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China. There is an urgent need for programmatic adaptation to address primary prevention interventions of KSHV infection in this endemic region.
“Dry gets drier, wet gets wetter”: A case study over the arid regions of central Asia
Authors: Hu Zengyun , Chen Xi , Chen Deliang , Li Jianfeng , Wang Shuo , Zhou Qiming , Yin Gang , Guo Meiyu
Published: October 2018

The “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” (DGDWGW) paradigm well describes the pattern of precipitation changes over the oceans. However, it has also been usually considered as a simplified pattern of regional changes in wet/dry under global warming, although GCMs mostly do not agree this pattern over land. To examine the validity of this paradigm over land and evaluate how usage of drought indices estimated from different hydrological variables affects detection of regional wet/dry trends, we take the arid regions of central Asia as a case study area and estimate the drying and wetting trends during the period of 1950–2015 based on multiple drought indices. These indices include the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and self‐calibrating PDSI (sc_PDSI) with both the Thornthwaite (th) and Penman–Monteith (pm) equations in PDSI calculation (namely, PDSI_th, PDSI_pm, sc_PDSI_th and sc_PDSI_pm). The results show that there is an overall agreement among the indices in terms of inter‐annual variation, especially for the PDSIs. All drought indices except SPI show a drying trend over the five states of central Asia (CAS5: including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). The four PDSIs and SPEI reveal a wetting tendency over the northwestern China (NW; including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hexi Corridor). The contrasting trends between CAS5 and NW can also be revealed in soil moisture (SM) variations. The nonlinear wet and dry variations are dominated by the 3–7 years oscillations for the indices. Relationships between the six indices and climate variables show the major drought drivers have regional features: with mean temperature (TMP), precipitation total (PRE) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for CAS5, and PRE and PET for NW. Finally, our analyses indicate that the dry and wet variations are strongly correlated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol production by hydrolysis of refined vegetable oil by‐products using an immobilized lipase from Serratia sp. W3
Authors: Zarai Zied , Edahech Ahlem , Rigano Francesca , Micalizzi Giuseppe , Mondello Luigi , Kharrat Nadia , Sellami Mohamed , Cacciola Francesco
Published: October 2018

Unlike the synthetic surfactants, mono‐ and diacylglycerols have the advantage to be biodegradable and non‐toxic. In the present work, the hydrolysis of lipid fraction by‐products of refined vegetable oils was performed by Serratia sp. W3 lipase immobilized on CaCO3 by combined adsorption and precipitation. This support was selected out of four carriers as it exhibited the finest activity support (950 U/g) and the most satisfactory behavior at use. The immobilized preparation with CaCO3 was stable and active in the whole range of pH (4 to 9) and temperature (37 to 55°C), yielding a 75% degree of hydrolysis at optimal environmental conditions of pH 8.5 and temperature 55°C. Thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography methods were evaluated to determine the analytical characterization of hydrolysis products. For monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerol fractions identified in the samples, a novel approach by liquid chromatography method was employed, through a homemade linear retention index database and a dedicated software. The adopted approach allowed the use of basic instrumentation set‐ups, without the need of sophisticated detectors, such as mass spectrometers. Thus, it could be an effective alternative to produce emulsifiers from cheap vegetable oils.
Monolithic thin‐layer chromatography plates with covalently bonded matrix for hyphenation with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Kucherenko Elizaveta , Kanateva Anastasiia , Kurganov Alexander , Borisov Roman , Pirogov Andrey
Published: October 2018

Monolithic layers prepared by the copolymerization of ethylene dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate and deposited onto the surface of glass and silicon plates were investigated as thin‐layer chromatography separation media in hyphenated thin‐layer chromatography with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. Varying composition of the polymerization mixture and polymerization conditions layers of different porosities and MALDI‐MS compatibility were synthesized. Compatibility with MALDI‐MS was tested using polyethylene glycol and it was demonstrated that layers prepared without glycidyl methacrylate are not compatible with MALDI‐MS and do not allow obtaining any mass spectra. Best results were achieved with layers containing 19 to 29% glycidyl methacrylate. These layers allow the measurement of mass spectra without additional depositing matrix compounds supplying mass spectra almost “clean” in low molar mass range.
Short‐run impact of the flight departure tax on air travel
Authors: Falk Martin , Hagsten Eva
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the short‐run impact of the flight departure tax introduced in Germany and Austria in 2011 on the number of flight passengers. The analysis covers 310 airports in 30 European countries for the period 2008–2016. Dynamic panel difference‐in‐differences estimations show that the flight tax reduces the number of passengers by 9% in the year of introduction and 5% in the subsequent year. However, separate estimations for airports predominantly frequented by low‐cost airlines reveal that the reduction of the number of passengers is mainly driven by these airports, whereas the regular hubs are not affected.
A reaction kinetics study and model development to predict the formation and destruction of organosulfur species (carbonyl sulfide and mercaptans) in Claus furnace
Authors: Rahman Ramees K. , Raj Abhijeet
Published: October 2018

Carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), and mercaptans (e.g., CH3SH) are unwanted sulfurous species that are produced in sulfur recovery units (SRUs). They can cause equipment corrosion, reduce catalyst activity, and are pollutants for the environment. This necessitates process optimization to minimize their formation in the SRUs using an accurate kinetic model. In this paper, new reactions of COS and mercaptans are studied using the CBS‐QB3 level of theory, and their kinetics are evaluated using transition state theory. Such reactions are added to a detailed SRU reaction mechanism, and the updated mechanism is validated using the data on COS and mercaptans from lab‐scale experimental setups and an industrial plant. Compared to the previous models, significant improvements in the predicted concentrations of the important species such as COS, carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur oxides (SO and SO2) are observed due to the inclusion of the new reactions in the mechanism. The simulation studies in a homogeneous reactor within the temperature range of 800–2000 K revealed that furnace temperatures near 1300 K are required to minimize CO and COS formation, while ensuring the oxidation of methane (CH4), mercaptans, and aromatics. Mercaptan formation mainly took place at low temperatures near 900 K. Claus furnace simulations are conducted using industrial feed and operating conditions to show that the optimized inlet air temperature and fuel gas flow rate can assist in simultaneously reducing the emissions of CO and harmful sulfurous species such as COS, CH3SH, and CS2from the furnace.
Functional Electrical Stimulation Leads to Increased Volume of the Aged Thyroarytenoid Muscle
Authors: Gugatschka Markus , Jarvis Jonathan C. , Perkins Justin D. , Bubalo Vladimir , Wiederstein‐Grasser Iris , Lanmüller Hermann , Gerstenberger Claus , Karbiener Michael
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To reverse sarcopenia and increase the volumes of atrophied laryngeal muscles by functional electrical stimulation (FES) using a minimal invasive surgical procedure in an aged ovine model.

Study Design

Prospective animal study.

Methods

A stimulation electrode was placed unilaterally near the terminal adduction branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) adjacent to the right cricothyroid joint. The electrode was connected to an implant located subcutaneously at the neck region. Predesigned training patterns were automatically delivered by a bidirectional radio frequency link using a programming device and were repeated automatically by the implant every other day over 11 weeks in the awake animal. Outcome parameters comprised volumetric measurements based on three‐dimensional reconstructions of the entire thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM), as well as gene expression analyses.

Results

We found significant increases of the volumes of the stimulated TAM of 11% and the TAM diameter at the midmembranous parts of the vocal folds of nearly 40%. Based on gene expression, we did not detect a shift of muscle fiber composition.

Conclusions

FES of the terminal branches of the RLN is a secure and effective way to reverse the effects of age‐related TAM atrophy and to increase volumes of atrophied muscles.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 128:2852–2857, 2018
Clinical Implications of Intralesional Steroid Injections in the Management of Otohematoma
Authors: Lee Sang‐Yeon , Han Sun A , Park Min Hyun , Kim Young Ho
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the long‐term effects of intralesional steroid injections (ILSIs) in patients with otohematoma and to suggest the clinical implications, especially with regard to the duration of otohematoma.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Methods

Fifty‐six patients were enrolled and classified into short‐term otohematoma (n = 30) and long‐term otohematoma (n = 26) groups according to the period of time after auricular trauma. After the first ILSI, all patients underwent weekly examinations during the 21‐day observational period to determine the treatment outcomes and were then followed up for reevaluation for a maximum of 36 months. We considered ILSIs to be ineffective if the otohematoma persisted after the third ILSI, and we opted to perform surgical treatment in such cases. In addition, we evaluated early recurrence, late recurrence, and ILSI‐related complications.

Results

After up to three ILSIs, 29 out of 30 cases (96.7%) with short‐term otohematoma and 20 out of 26 cases (76.9%) with long‐standing otohematoma were treated without complications. Three patients with long‐term otohematoma, however, experienced late recurrences at 4, 15, and 18 months, respectively. Seven patients who showed no response after ILSIs underwent surgical treatment. The duration of otohematoma (P = .043) and a higher initial aspirated fluid volume (P = .014) were shown to significantly increase the risk of treatment failure after ILSIs.

Conclusions

Multiple and immediate ILSIs in patients with otohematoma appear to be an effective treatment approach with no complications. Patients with short‐term otohematoma showed better outcomes following ILSIs. The treatment approach may be optimized based on the duration and degree of otohematoma.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:459–465, 2019
Clinical Trials in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Recognizing Trends and Future Opportunities
Authors: Singh Sameer K. , Gu David , Capasso Robson , Liu Stanley , Gouveia Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Examine US and international clinical trials in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to characterize researchers involved, interventions being studied, and opportunities for future investigation.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Methods

The information from ClinicalTrials.gov was used to assess OSA clinical trials between 1999 and 2017. Information was gathered on principle investigator (PI) demographics, interventions studied, study funding source, and regional distribution of research institutions.

Results

There were 813 clinical trials studied. The majority of trials examined continuous positive airway pressure interventions (43.7%), with pharmacotherapies being the second most commonly investigated treatment (19.2%). Surgical interventions made up 10.7% (n = 87) of clinical trials for OSA. Most studies were based internationally (59.9%). PIs were predominantly male (72.0%); 72.7% had an MD and 28.6% had a PhD. There were no significant differences in funding source (National Institutes of Health vs. industry, P = .14) or institutional geography (international vs. US, P = .73) between surgical and nonsurgical studies. Surgical trials were significantly more likely to have a male PI and involve pediatric patients compared to nonsurgical trials (P < .001). Otolaryngologists represented 9.2% of all PIs and had similar rates of NIH funding compared to other medical specialists (P = .22).

Conclusions

This study provides a broad overview of past, current, and future treatment paradigms for OSA. Sleep surgery, specifically otolaryngology, is a small voice in the overall landscape of clinical trials for OSA. This information can help guide future research efforts and direct our specialty when setting priorities regarding research funding while encouraging a broad and interdisciplinary pursuit.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 129:1940–1944, 2019
Impact of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment on Survivors' Mealtime Experience
Authors: Chan Karen M. K. , Chan Herman K. W. , Siu Jerry Y. L. , Pu Dai , Nund Rebecca L. , Ward Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

The objectives of the study were to develop a mealtime experience self‐assessment questionnaire that was head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors–driven and based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, and to identify common mealtime issues reported by HNC survivors.

Study Design

Outcomes research.

Methods

Mealtime issues reported by HNC survivors in prior research was synthesized and classified using the ICF framework to develop the content and structure of the Head and Neck Cancer Survivors' Assessment of Mealtimes (HNSAM). A total of 122 HNC survivors completed both HNSAM and M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) to assess for concurrent validity, whereas 51% of participants completed a second HNSAM for test–retest reliability.

Results

The HNSAM scores were significantly correlated with the MDADI scores. Dysphagic participants (n = 45) had significantly higher HNSAM scores than the nondysphagic participants (n = 77). Principal component analysis revealed three factors that matched with the HNSAM subscales. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.72–0.96) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.76–0.91) were found. Both dysphagic and nondysphagic participants reported difficulties with saliva‐related issues and were not able to enjoy food/drinks that they previously enjoyed.

Conclusions

HNC survivors experience mealtime changes after cancer treatment. These initial validity data support the potential for the HNSAM to help HNC survivors' identify changes to the mealtime experience. Validation of the English version of the tool is now required.

Level of Evidence: 2c

Laryngoscope, 129:1572–1578, 2019
Transoral Thyroidectomy Using A Flexible Robotic System: A Preclinical Cadaver Feasibility Study
Authors: Cottrill Elizabeth E. , Funk Emily K. , Goldenberg David , Goyal Neerav
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Traditionally, most thyroid surgery utilizes a curvilinear cervical incision with a resulting permanent scar. Minimally invasive and remote access thyroid surgery techniques continue to evolve. Transoral approaches through a vestibular incision have been developed at several centers throughout the world, obviating the need for a cutaneous incision and optimizing aesthetics. To date this technique has been performed using rigid endoscopes or a linear robotic platform. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of a novel flexible robotic system to perform a transvestibular thyroidectomy in a preclinical cadaver model.

Study Design

Preclinical feasibility study.

Methods

Right and left thyroid lobectomies were successfully performed via a transvestibular approach in four cadavers.

Results

A single vestibular incision between bilateral mental nerves allowed entrance of the flexible robot in a subplatysmal plane in both male and female cadavers. The recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroids were identified and preserved. The flexible three‐dimensional camera allowed excellent visualization and could be easily repositioned for optimal visualization of right and left structures. The flexible and wristed instruments enabled an atraumatic approach and allowed for precise surgical technique.

Conclusions

The transoral vestibular approach to the central neck is a promising technique for thyroidectomy with optimal cosmesis and can be successfully accomplished using this novel flexible robotic system. Improvements in visualization and access offered by this system may improve application of this technique.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 129:1482–1487, 2019
A pilot study assessing clinic value in pediatric pharyngeal dysphagia: The OPPS/cost method
Authors: Coppess Steven , Soares Jennifer , Frogner Bianca K. , DeMarre Kimberley , Faherty Amy , Hoang Jennifer , Shah Mahek , MacKinnon Matthew , Johnson Kaalan
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Given the costs of healthcare, capitation, and desires for quality improvement (QI), there is a need to better assess healthcare value. Time‐driven activity‐based costing and the Quadruple Aim have evaluated value by assessing health outcomes and provider experiences relative to costs. The proposed OPPS/Cost method expands on this to examine value for aerodigestive clinic treatment of pediatric persistent pharyngeal dysphagia: O + P1 + P2 + S/Cost (O = objective health [video‐fluoroscopic swallow study results], P1 = patient/family experience [Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems], P2 = provider experience [Copenhagen Burnout Inventory {CBI}], S = subjective health [Feeding/Swallowing‐Impact Survey], C = cost [time‐driven activity‐based costing]).

Study Design

Use of QI time data, surveys, and retrospective chart review for 56 patient encounters.

Methods

Staff interviews were used to develop process maps, and monetary values were assigned to activities. OPPS/Cost outcomes were normalized amongst variables, and composite values were calculated. Comparisons were made using a Student t test for pre‐ and postclinic relocation over a 14‐month period.

Results

Time reductions were check‐in (13 minutes/patient), rooming (21 minutes/patient), and providers (4 minutes/patient). Patient in‐room wait time increased (4 minutes/patient). The CBI identified burnout as an area for improvement. OPPS/Cost composite values increased by 14%, with a 1.7% cost reduction, improvement in objective and subjective health outcomes of 47.4% (P < .05) and 7.3%, respectively, and stable patient/family experience.

Conclusions

OPPS/Cost is feasible in an interdisciplinary clinic and helped evaluate value during a clinic relocation. The QI opportunities identified are indicative of the potential of OPPS/Cost.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 129:1527–1532, 2019
Nutrient limitation driven dynamics of amino acids and fatty acids in coastal phytoplankton
Authors: Grosse J. , Brussaard C. P. D. , Boschker H. T. S.
Published: October 2018

Coastal seas like the North Sea have been subject to major changes in nutrient inputs over the last decades, resulting in shifts of limiting nutrients for phytoplankton communities. Here, we investigated the seasonal and spatial distribution and synthesis patterns of individual amino acids and distinct fatty acid groups and show how these were affected by different nutrient limitations in natural coastal phytoplankton communities. Nitrogen limited communities exhibited substantially slower synthesis of essential amino acids compared to synthesis of nonessential amino acids. In short‐term nutrient addition experiments, this trend was reversed immediately after N addition to levels found under not limiting conditions. On the contrary, phosphorus limited communities showed no such shift in amino acids. Both N and P limitation induced a shift from structural to storage fatty acids with a concurrent decrease in the synthesis of poly‐unsaturated fatty acids. Reversed effects in fatty acid synthesis after N or P addition were only apparent after 72 h, when they could be found in both fatty acid biosynthesis and concentrations. The different strategies of qualitative and quantitative regulation of different biomolecule synthesis under nutrient scarcity may have far‐reaching consequences for the phytoplankton's nutritional value. Higher trophic levels may have to cope with the loss of essential amino acids and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids in nutrient limited phytoplankton, which could induce changes in the structure of food webs.
Full ablative versus fractional ablative laser therapy for Dowling–Degos disease
Authors: Seitz Anna‐Theresa , Sterz Helen , Strehlow Vincent , Nagel Stephanie , Dumann Konstantin , Grunewald Sonja , Simon Jan C. , Kunz Manfred
Published: October 2018

Dowling–Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal‐dominant genodermatosis with limited treatment possibilities. Although the efficacy of ablative laser therapy has been reported, we sought to examine the efficacy of fractional versus full ablative laser therapy in a female patient with DDD in a split‐side report. We treated the lesions on the right side of the patient's upper abdomen with an ablative fractional CO2 laser and the lesions on the left side of the upper abdomen with a full ablative Er:YAG laser (erbium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser) three times at monthly intervals. After three laser sessions, the lesions treated with the Er:YAG laser showed a complete response, whereas the fractional CO2 laser treatment was less effective. After the three treatments were performed, the right side of the patient's upper abdomen and portions of her lower abdomen and chest were also treated with the Er:YAG laser in full ablation mode with the same settings. After 1 year of follow up, there was no recurrence observed. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transparent Electric Heaters Based on Photoresist‐Derived Carbon Micropatterns on Quartz Plates
Authors: Lee Byoung‐Min , Nam Hui‐Gyun , Choi Hyeong Yeol , Hong Sung‐Kwon , Jeong Young Gyu , Choi Jae‐Hak
Published: October 2018

In this study, transparent electric heaters (TEHs) are developed based on photoresist‐derived carbon micropatterns (CMs). Well‐defined SU‐8 micropatterns formed by deep UV lithography are carbonized in a tube furnace under an inert atmosphere. The resulting CMs are found to have pseudo‐graphitic structures containing both graphitic and disordered structures. The optical transmittance and electrical conductivity of the CMs increase as their thickness increases. The 102 nm thick CMs exhibit a good transmittance of 78% at 550 nm and a high electrical conductivity of 2.51 × 102 S cm−1. As TEHs, the 102 nm thick CMs demonstrate a maximum temperature of 116 °C with a maximum heating rate of 8.78 °C s−1 at an applied voltage of 60 V and a low electricity consumption of 1.02 W cm−2, which are comparable to the electric heating performance of TEHs prepared with carbon nanomaterials. Therefore, the CMs fabricated in this study can be utilized as electrodes for TEHs in various medical, industrial, consumer, and automobile applications.
Poly(ionic liquid)‐Derived N‐Doped Carbons with Hierarchical Porosity for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Alkarmo Walid , Ouhib Farid , Aqil Abdelhafid , Thomassin Jean‐Michel , Yuan Jiayin , Gong Jiang , Vertruyen Bénédicte , Detrembleur Christophe , Jérôme Christine
Published: October 2018

The performance of lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries relies notably on the accessibility to carbon electrodes of controllable porous structure and chemical composition. This work reports a facile synthesis of well‐defined N‐doped porous carbons (NPCs) using a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) as precursor, and graphene oxide (GO)‐stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles as sacrificial template. The GO‐stabilized PMMA nanoparticles are first prepared and then decorated by a thin PIL coating before carbonization. The resulting NPCs reach a satisfactory specific surface area of up to 561 m2 g−1 and a hierarchically meso‐ and macroporous structure while keeping a nitrogen content of 2.6 wt%. Such NPCs deliver a high reversible charge/discharge capacity of 1013 mA h g−1 over 200 cycles at 0.4 A g−1 for lithium‐ion batteries, and show a good capacity of 204 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 for sodium‐ion batteries.
Blow‐up dynamics of L2−critical inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Peng Congming , Zhao Dun
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this work is to study the L2−critical focusing inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5300:mma5300-math-0001
with 0 < b < 1. We study the dynamical behavior for blow‐up solutions when initial date
and satisfies
, where Q is the ground state solution of our problem. Furthermore, we obtain the determination of the blow‐up solutions when
.
Drone delivery from trucks: Drone scheduling for given truck routes
Authors: Boysen Nils , Briskorn Dirk , Fedtke Stefan , Schwerdfeger Stefan
Published: October 2018

Last mile deliveries with unmanned aerial vehicles (also denoted as drones) are seen as one promising idea to reduce excessive road traffic. To overcome the difficulties caused by the comparatively short operating ranges of drones, an innovative concept suggests to apply trucks as mobile landing and take‐off platforms. In this context, the paper on hand schedules the delivery to customers by drones for given truck routes. Given a fixed sequence of stops constituting a truck route and a set of customers to be supplied, we aim at a drone schedule (i.e., a set of trips each defining a drone's take‐off and landing stop and the customer serviced), such that all customers are supplied and the total duration of the delivery tour is minimized. We differentiate whether multiple drones or just a single one are placed on a truck and whether or not take‐off and landing stops have to be identical. We provide an analysis of computational complexity for each resulting subproblem, introduce efficient mixed‐integer programs, and compare all cases with regard to their potential of reducing the delivery effort on the last mile.
Robust topology optimization for periodic structures by combining sensitivity averaging with a semianalytical method
Authors: Zheng Yongfeng , Xiao Mi , Gao Liang , Li Hao
Published: October 2018

Uncertainty factors play an important role in the design of periodic structures because structures with small periodic design spaces are extremely sensitive to loading uncertainty. Therefore, for the first time, this paper proposes a framework for robust topology optimization (RTO) of periodic structures assuming that load uncertainties follow a Gaussian distribution. In this framework, the expected value and variance of structural compliance can be easily computed using a semianalytical method combined with probability theory, which is important for RTO when uncertain variables follow probabilistic distributions. To obtain optimal topologies, the bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method is used. Structural periodicity is calculated using a strategy of sensitivity averaging and consistency constraints. To eliminate the influence of numerical units when comparing the optimal results to deterministic and RTO solutions, a generic coefficient of variation is defined as the robust index, which contains both the expected value and variance. The proposed framework is verified through the optimization of both 2D and 3D structures with periodicity. Computational results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework for designing robust periodic structures under loading uncertainties.
Psychometric testing of the short‐form Chinese version of the self‐management for adolescents with type 1 diabetes scale
Authors: Lee Shu‐Li , Chen Bai‐Hsiun , Wong Siew‐Lee , Chang Shu‐Chen , Tsai Meng‐Che , Wang Ruey‐Hsia
Published: October 2018

Self‐management among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorer than in other age groups during childhood. A valid and reliable short‐form scale to measure self‐management in adolescents with T1D is prudent for enhancing their self‐management in clinical settings. We used a cross‐sectional design to develop a short‐form Chinese version of the Self‐Management of Type 1 Diabetes for Adolescents Scale (C‐SMOD‐A) and test its psychometric characteristics. Two hundred adolescents with T1D were recruited from four hospitals in Taiwan through convenience sampling. Content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and corrected item‐total correlations were used to shorten the 52‐item C‐SMOD‐A. Confirmatory factor analysis, criterion‐related validity, and reliability testing were used to examine the psychometric characteristics of the short‐form C‐SMOD‐A. Finally, the 23‐item C‐SMOD‐A (C‐SMOD‐A‐23) with five inter‐correlated factors was developed. Glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with each subscale of the C‐SMOD‐A‐23 with correlation coefficients ranging from −0.18 to −0.31. The composite reliability and test–retest reliability of the five subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.88 and from 0.78 to 0.93 respectively. Accordingly, the C‐SMOD‐A‐23 has acceptable validity and reliability to measure five specific domains of self‐management for adolescents with T1D. Health‐care providers could use the C‐SMOD‐A‐23 as a clinical reference to assess specific domains of self‐management and provide interventions to enhance self‐management for adolescents with T1D.
Optimal frequency of tooth brushing in mechanically ventilated adults: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Munro Cindy L , Liang Zhan , Cairns Paula , Hamilton Lucia , Chen Xusheng , Kip Kevin
Published: October 2018

The optimal frequency of tooth brushing in the critically ill has not been experimentally determined. For mechanically ventilated patients, optimal frequency of tooth brushing is an important unresolved issue as there is little evidence to judge the benefits or associated risks of tooth brushing. Given this knowledge gap, the project's overall goal is to determine the optimal frequency of tooth brushing (once, twice, or three times daily) for mechanically ventilated adults. A prospective, randomized, experimental design is used. Specifically, 345 subjects, with 207 expected to complete the study, are randomly assigned within 36 hr of intubation to one of three groups (once, twice, or three times tooth brushing daily). Tooth brushing with a soft compact‐head toothbrush takes approximately 2 min. Dental plaque assessment, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) determination for IL‐1β, and data regarding healthcare‐acquired infection (HAI) and clinical status are collected at baseline and daily in‐hospital. The clinical impact of daily frequency of tooth brushing in relation to extent of dental plaque and inflammation reflected by GCF analysis will be compared by the three treatment arms. In addition, evaluation of safety for HAIs will be compared based on calculation of the number needed to harm. The trial will empirically determine the optimal frequency of tooth brushing in mechanically ventilated adults, balancing benefits and risks. This contribution is significant because it will have immediate impact on bedside nursing practice, and is a final component necessary for specific evidence‐based guidelines for the common nursing intervention of oral care in mechanically ventilated adults.
Do Consumers Think Front‐of‐Package “High in” Warnings are Harsh or Reduce their Control? A Test of Food Industry Concerns
Authors: Acton Rachel B. , Hammond David
Published: October 2018

Objective

This study aimed to test the industry claim that “high in” front‐of‐package (FOP) labeling systems are perceived as harsh and reduce consumers’ control over food choices.

Methods

Respondents aged 16 to 32 years completed a between‐group experimental task in an online survey (n = 1,000). Participants viewed a beverage with one of four FOP labels (text‐only, octagon, triangle, or health star rating) and rated the label on its “harshness” and whether it made them feel more or less “in control” of their healthy eating decisions.

Results

Across all label conditions, at least 88% of respondents indicated the symbols were “about right” or “not harsh enough.” At least 93% felt the symbols made them feel “more in control” or “neither less nor more in control.” Participants viewing the health star rating were more likely to rate the symbol as “not harsh enough” and less likely to state that the symbol made them feel “more in control.”

Conclusions

There was no evidence to support industry claims that consumers perceive “high in” FOP symbols as harsh or as restricting their control. Indeed, most participants reported that the symbols were about the right harshness, and that they increased their control, including “stop sign” FOP symbols similar to those implemented in Chile.
Tunable temperature‐ and shear‐responsive hydrogels based on poly(alkyl glycidyl ether)s
Authors: Fellin Christopher R , Adelmund Steven M , Karis Dylan G , Shafranek Ryan T , Ono Robert J , Martin Cecilia G , Johnston Trevor G , DeForest Cole A , Nelson Alshakim
Published: October 2018

We describe the synthesis, characterization and direct‐write 3D printing of triblock copolymer hydrogels that have a tunable response to temperature and shear stress. In aqueous solutions, these polymers utilize the temperature‐dependent self‐association of poly(alkyl glycidyl ether) ‘A’ blocks and a central poly(ethylene oxide) segment to create a physically crosslinked three‐dimensional network. The temperature response of these hydrogels was dependent upon composition, chain length and concentration of the ‘A’ block in the copolymer. Rheological experiments confirmed the existence of sol–gel transitions and the shear‐thinning behavior of the hydrogels. The temperature‐ and shear‐responsive properties enabled direct‐write 3D printing of complex objects with high fidelity. Hydrogel cytocompatibility was also confirmed by incorporating HeLa cells into select hydrogels resulting in high viabilities over 24 h. The tunable temperature response and innate shear‐thinning properties of these hydrogels, coupled with encouraging cell viability results, present an attractive opportunity for additive manufacturing and tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Membrane Proteome Using Three Extraction Methods
Authors: Ujang Jorim , Sani Asmahani Azira Abdu , Lim Boon Huat , Noordin Rahmah , Othman Nurulhasanah
Published: October 2018

Entamoeba histolytica membrane proteins are important players toward the pathogenesis of amoebiasis, but the roles of most of the proteins are not fully understood. Since efficient protein extraction method is crucial for a successful MS analysis, three extractions methods are evaluated for the use in studying the membrane proteome of E. histolytica: Two commercial kits (ProteoExtract from Calbiochem and ProteoPrep from Sigma), and a conventional laboratory method. The results show that ProteoExtract and the conventional method gave higher protein yields compared to ProteoPrep. LC–ESI–MS/MS identifies 456, 482, and 551 membrane fraction proteins extracted using ProteoExtract, ProteoPrep, and a conventional method, respectively. In silico analysis predicts 108 (21%), 235 (45%), and 177 (34%) membrane proteins from the extracts of ProteoExtract, ProteoPrep, and the conventional method, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the cytosolic and membrane fractions shows the highest selectivity of the membrane proteins using the ProteoPrep extraction kit. Overall, this study reports 828 E. histolytica membrane fraction proteins that include 249 predicted membrane proteins. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010171.
Critical Role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Asc1p in Translational Initiation at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Gerbasi Vincent R. , Browne Christopher M. , Samir Parimal , Shen Bingxin , Sun Ming , Hazelbaker Dane Z. , Galassie Allison C. , Frank Joachim , Link Andrew J.
Published: October 2018

The eukaryotic ribosomal protein RACK1/Asc1p is localized to the mRNA exit channel of the 40S subunit but lacks a defined role in mRNA translation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in ASC1 exhibit temperature‐sensitive growth. Using this null mutant, potential roles for Asc1p in translation and ribosome biogenesis are evaluated. At the restrictive temperature the asc1Δ null mutant has reduced polyribosomes. To test the role of Asc1p in ribosome stability, cryo‐EM is used to examine the structure of 80S ribosomes in an asc1Δ yeast deletion mutant at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. CryoEM indicates that loss of Asc1p does not severely disrupt formation of this complex structure. No defect is found in rRNA processing in the asc1Δ null mutant. A proteomic approach is applied to survey the effect of Asc1p loss on the global translation of yeast proteins. At the nonpermissive temperature, the asc1Δ mutant has reduced levels of ribosomal proteins and other factors critical for translation. Collectively, these results are consistent with recent observations suggesting that Asc1p is important for ribosome occupancy of short mRNAs. The results show the Asc1 ribosomal protein is critical in translation during heat stress.
Atomic Imaging of Iron‐Based Superconductor Parent FeTe Using X‐Ray Fluorescence Holography
Authors: Paulus Benedict , Hosokawa Shinya , Stellhorn Jens Rüdiger , Klee Benjamin , Sowa Katarzyna M. , Kudo Kazutaka , Nishimoto Naoki , Ota Hiromi , Nohara Minoru , de Boissieu Marc , Blanc Nils , Boudet Nathalie , Pilgrim Wolf‐Christian
Published: October 2018

The novel technique of X‐Ray Fluorescence Holography (XFH) is used to investigate the structure of the Fe‐based high temperature superconductor parent FeTe around Fe as the emitter atom. Holograms of an FeTe single crystal are recorded at several energies above the Fe K edge. The data are analyzed using the scattering pattern extraction algorithm SPEA‐L1. The reconstruction of the atomic images on the Fe plane yields unit cell parameters different from those obtained by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The Te height is slightly higher than the XRD data, suggesting an effect of the excess Fe atoms in the crystal.
Licochalcone A attenuates acne symptoms mediated by suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Yang Gabsik , Lee Hye Eun , Yeon Sang Hyeon , Kang Han Chang , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Lee Hye Suk , Zouboulis Christos C. , Han Sin‐Hee , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Lee Joo Young
Published: October 2018

Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is critical for inducing inflammation and aggravating the development of acne lesions. We searched for available small‐molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome that could be topically administered for the treatment of acne. We found that licochalcone A, a chalconoid isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflate, was an effective inhibitor for P. acnes‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Licochalcone A blocked P. acnes‐induced production of caspase‐1(p10) and IL‐1β in primary mouse macrophages and human SZ95 sebocytes, indicating the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Licochalcone A suppressed P. acnes‐induced ASC speck formation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Topical application of licochalcone A to mouse ear skin attenuated P. acnes‐induced skin inflammation as shown by histological assessment, ear thickness measurement, and inflammatory gene expression. Licochalcone A reduced caspase‐1 activity and IL‐1β production in mouse ear injected with P. acnes. This study demonstrated that licochalcone A is effective in the control of P. acnes‐induced skin inflammation as an efficient inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study provides a new paradigm for the development of anti‐acne therapy via targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.