bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Achilles tendon vibration and tibial nerve stimulation to estimate persistent inward current strength in motoneurons
Authors: Vieira Denis César Leite , Vieira Amilton , Dos Santos Matheus Avelino , Da Cunha Rafael Rodrigues , Lage Victor , Blazevich Anthony J. , Bottaro Martim
Published: December 2021

Vibratory (Tvib) and sustained (Tsust) torque responses to concurrent Achilles tendon vibration and neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied over the muscle belly (vib+stim) are used as indicators of motoneuron facilitation and, theoretically, persistent inward current strength. However, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied to the nerve trunk may potentiate motoneuronal excitability more than muscle belly NMES, yet it remains unclear whether NMES applied over the nerve evokes robust Tvib and Tsust responses when used during the vib+stim protocol. This study tested whether a nerve-targeted vib+stim protocol elicits Tvib and Tsust responses in the ankle plantar flexors with acceptable intra- and inter-session reliability. Fifteen men performed the vib+stim protocol with NMES applied over the tibial nerve three times across two sessions; twice in a single session (5-min apart) to test intrasession reliability and then again after 48 h to test intersession reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1), within-participant coefficients of variation (CV) and pairwise comparisons were used to verify relative and absolute reliability as well as systematic bias. Thirteen men presented Tvib and Tsust responses (response rate of 87%). Intrasession Tvib and Tsust ICCs were >0.73 but inter-session ICCs were <0.5. Although no systematic bias was detected (p>0.05), both intra- and inter-session CVs were large (>10%) for Tvib and Tsust. The Vib+stim protocol with NMES applied over the nerve evoked Tvib and Tsust in almost all participants, but presented a large intra- and inter-session variability. The method does not appear to be effective for assessing motoneuron facilitation in the plantar flexors.
Development of a public geographical information system-based website to follow the impact of control activities of soil-transmitted helminths in endemic countries
Authors: Maurelli Maria Paola , Pepe Paola , Montresor Antonio , Mupfasoni Denise , Nocerino Martina , Morgoglione Maria Elena , Musella Vincenzo , Cringoli Giuseppe , Rinaldi Laura
Published: December 2021

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are among the most common neglected tropical diseases worldwide causing high morbidity and mortality rates in endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy (PC) programmes and health education are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the impact of STH in endemic countries. Following our role as WHO collaborating centre (WHO CC ITA-116), we have developed a WebGIS and a dataset to support PC programmes to monitor the impact of STH control. This vHealth presentation shows the potentiality of these tools in improving communication among WHO’s regional and country offices, Ministries of Health, pharmaceutical industries and other partners.
Spectrum of interstitial lung diseases and their association with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Tyagi Richa , Kant Surya , Verma Sanjeev Kumar , Kushwaha Ram Awadh Singh , Kumar Santosh , Garg Rajiv , Verma Ajay Kumar , Srivastava Anand , Bajaj Darshan Kumar , Wakhlu Anupam , Parihar Anit , Pradhan Akshyaya , Jaiswal Riddhi
Published: December 2021

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are an intriguing group of pulmonary disorders, which still require the study of epidemiological, genetic, pathophysiological, clinical, and radiological parameters. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an underreported complication in interstitial lung diseases which is associated with worse outcome. In our study, we have reported the spectrum of ILDs and estimated the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among these subjects at a tertiary care centre. A cross-sectional study was performed in which demographical, clinical, radiological, and histological data of subjects with ILD, attending the department of Respiratory Medicine in the University was collected from 1st September 2018 to 31st August 2019. Serological tests were done wherever indicated. Standard criteria along with multidisciplinary opinion were needed to arrive at the final diagnosis. All subjects were screened for pulmonary hypertension via 2-D echocardiography. Mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥20 mmHg was used to define PH. In the defined period, 239 subjects were enrolled (58% females, n=141; mean age 52.38±13.40 years). A tissue diagnosis was obtained in 34% cases.  The most common ILD was hypersensitivity pneumonitis (32.2%), followed by autoimmune-ILD (31.4%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (15.9%) and sarcoidosis (12.6%), non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (2.1%) and rest 21 (5.9%) subjects were diagnosed as other types of ILD.  Pulmonary hypertension was seen in 46.0% of subjects.
It is all in the Timing! Spotting the Culprit in a Case of Recurrent Pneumothorax
Authors: Kumar Madhan , Kiranmai Mercy , Kisku Sundeep M. C. , Suresh K. Parvathy , Varkki Sneha Deena
Published: December 2021

Recurrent pneumothorax is an entity that needs evaluation to determine the etiology. We report a case where the diagnostic delay occurred in a child with recurrent pneumothorax.
Paradox of the Cranial Nerves
Authors: Ittyachen Abraham M.
Published: December 2021

For years, generations of medical students were taught that in stroke, “;In a upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion, the upper part of the face is spared because this part of the face has bilateral representation while in a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion, both parts of the face are involved.” Is this explanation apt ? Most of the fibers of the corticospinal tract decussate to the opposite side. But only 50% of the corticobulbar fibers decussate, meaning the muscles they supply receive fibers from both motor cortex (bilateral representation). Bilateral representation in the cortex is a perfect example of symmetry in the human body. An exception to this rule would be the lower part of the face which receives fibers from the contralateral cortex alone (unilateral representation). This goes against the general rule and so this represents the first paradox of the cranial nerves. The second paradox is entirely man made and is reversible. Should it not be, “;In a UMN lesion of the facial nerve, only the contralateral lower half of the face is affected, because this part of the face has unilateral representation only” and not “;In a UMN lesion of the facial nerve, the contralateral upper part of the face is spared because this part of the face has bilateral representation.” After all, is not bilateral representation the rule and unilateral representation the exception ?.
Long-Term Hydrochlorothiazide Use and Risk of Cutaneous Neoplasms
Authors: Bright Heber Rew , Chandy Sujith J. , George Renu , Thomas Meera , Rajkumar Pradeep , George Anju
Published: December 2021

Background:

Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. Recently, there have been published reports of hydrochlorothiazide-induced cutaneous neoplasms among Caucasians. We therefore investigated the risk for cutaneous neoplasms with hydrochlorothiazide use among the Indian population.

Methods:

We conducted a case–control study comparing hydrochlorothiazide use among patients diagnosed with cutaneous neoplasms between 2008 and 2017. Patients who underwent skin biopsy and had a pathological diagnosis of either nonmelanoma skin cancers or mycosis fungoides were matched with control patients without a skin cancer diagnosis in a 1:1 ratio. Hydrochlorothiazide use, its dose, and duration of use were compared between the groups. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cutaneous neoplasms were calculated.

Results:

Among 90 patients in each group, 7 cases (7.78%) and 7 controls (7.78%) had hydrochlorothiazide exposure for at least 30 days, up to 1 year before cancer diagnosis (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.34–2.98). Cumulative dose (P = 0.242) and duration of hydrochlorothiazide use (P = 0.08) did not differ between cases (n = 6) and controls (n = 5). There was a trend toward increasing risk of cutaneous neoplasms with high cumulative dose (≥25,000 mg) of hydrochlorothiazide (57.14% vs. 14.29%). The groups were similar with respect to comorbidities and concomitant drug intake; however, cases included more homemakers than controls (P = 0.008). Among hydrochlorothiazide-exposed cases, the body site of basal cell carcinoma involvement was predominantly the head/neck (n = 2; 66.67%), followed by the trunk (n = 1; 33.33%).

Conclusion:

The current findings did not find an association between long-term hydrochlorothiazide use and occurrence of cutaneous neoplasms.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and its Associated Factors in a Tertiary Health Center in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Odeyemi Abiona Oluwadamilola , Ojewuyi Abiodun R. , Odeyemi Abimbola Ololade , Olotu Amadin A.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Monitoring and evaluation of tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome is an essential component of the evaluation of a country's TB control program. Nigeria's current TB treatment success rate of 86% is below the World Health Organization target of 90% by 2025. This study aims to evaluate TB treatment outcomes in a tertiary health center in southwestern Nigeria over a 5-year period and to document the factors associated with poor TB treatment outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of all TB patients seen at the TB clinic of the hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Data were extracted from the TB clinic register. Data extracted included sociodemographic factors, HIV status, treatment category, rifampicin resistance, extrapulmonary TB, and treatment outcome. Treatment outcome was categorized as successfully treated or poor treatment outcome (death, treatment failure, and lost to follow-up).

Results:

Five hundred and nine TB cases were analyzed with a mean (standard deviation) age of 40.2 (17.7) years. Treatment outcome was as follows: successfully treated – 426 (83.7%), died – 62 (12.2%), treatment failure – 14 (2.8%), and lost to follow-up – 7 (1.4%). Poor treatment outcome was associated with older age (P = 0.003), HIV-positive status (P = 0.044), and smear-negative TB (P = 0.047).

Conclusion:

The treatment success rate in our center is high but can be improved. More efforts should be put in place to ensure improved outcomes, particularly among the elderly and HIV-positive patients.
Time is Brain
Authors: Madhiyazhagan Mamta
Published: December 2021

Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious complication of epilepsy that warrants both rapid and appropriate emergency management for better outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity. The initial management of SE in emergency department (ED) involves a rapid neurological assessment and initiation of supportive therapy. Benzodiazepines are the recommended first-line treatment based on high-quality evidence, among them intramuscular (IM) midazolam IM was found to be as effective as intravenous lorazepam. However, it is important to understand that speedy drug delivery and adequate initial dose are of prime importance than selection of drug. Recent evidence shows all three second-line drugs, namely, valproate, fosphenytoin, and levetiracetam are alike in cessation of SE with similar incidence of adverse events. In refractory SE, the therapeutic options include the use of bolus dose followed by infusion of propofol, midazolam, ketamine, lacosamide, and phenobarbital. Magnesium sulfate is safe and superior in the management of eclamptic SE prompt and appropriate management in ED is the key to early cessation of SE, leading to better outcomes.
A Diagnostic Challenge of Breast Lump
Authors: Pandiaraja Jayabal
Published: December 2021

Intracystic papillary carcinoma breast is an uncommon breast cancer consisting of 0.5%–1.0% of all breast cancers. Papillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast carcinoma which is divided into two types, which are intraductal and intracystic papillary carcinoma. Intracystic papillary carcinoma may present as pure intracystic carcinoma or may be associated within situcarcinoma. Here, we report a case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of both breasts which created diagnostic dilemma.
Iron Sucrose Induced Near Fatal Anaphylaxis in a Postnatal Mother
Authors: Sharmila Vijayan , Babu Thirunavukkarasu Arun
Published: December 2021

Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy can lead to significant adverse effects on the mother and fetus. Patients with iron deficiency anemia are treated with parenteral iron therapy when oral iron therapy is ineffective or in case of non-compliance due to side effects. Parenteral iron preparations such as iron dextran and sodium ferric gluconate complex can cause side effects including life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. However, parenteral iron sucrose has a favorable safety profile and anaphylactic reactions are extremely rare. We report a rare case of near-fatal anaphylaxis following intravenous iron sucrose therapy in a postnatal mother with iron deficiency anemia.
Artificial Intelligence - Technology for Prediction and Prevention of third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Panda Prem Sagar , Sinha Ashish Kumar , Dora G. Susmita
Published: December 2021

Pandemics bear unique challenges which require a fast response from health system on many aspects ranging from prevention to management through rapid diagnostic modalities, drug/vaccine discovery, and health resource allocation and planning management. However, in low resource settings, the mismatch between demand & supply of health services and inadequate knowledge about the course of pandemic results in failure in management of pandemic & resulted in loss of human lives. However, due to discovery of the latest technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), the pandemic is often managed from prevention to management level in a predictive manner. AI is increasingly being studied as a useful gizmo to assist in preventing pandemic and managing existing crisis in a timely manner. However, while AI has been proved to be useful in its ability to assist halting the rapid spread or contamination of disease during a pandemic, there exist few ethical and legal issues that have gotten to be taken care of before it is to be utilized in a mass scale.
A Review of Triage Practices and Evolution of Christian Medical College, Vellore Triage System (CMCTS) During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: George Aaron Samuel , Ganesan Priya , Christopher Jeyalinda , Paul Sheeba , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar
Published: December 2021

Triage is practiced in hospitals around the world and has proved its worth in identifying and prioritizing sick patients for emergency resuscitation, especially in resource-limited settings. Both formal and informal systems are utilized in different health centers to differentiate between patients with varying severity of illness. The Christian Medical College, Vellore Triage System (CMCTS) developed at our emergency department (ED) in 1997 is a four-category system that makes this differentiation based on presenting symptoms, signs, and predefined physiological parameters. In our ED, triaging is performed by a triage team composed of both nursing personnel and emergency physicians. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our triaging system was modified to segregate potential COVID and non-COVID patients into different zones for containment and for safety of healthcare workers.
The medical diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Bhargava Seema , Manocha Anjali , Kankra Mamta , Singla Parul , Sharma Anisha , Sharma Manushri
Published: December 2021

The coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, one of which is responsible for the current outbreak of coronavirus disease-19. COVID-19 has affected health-care workers including laboratory personnel worldwide in an alarming and unprecedented manner. In India too, the huge number of infected health-care staff has further weighed down our already over-burdened health-care system. While their protection is of paramount importance, it is also essential that these personnel adhere to the specific bio-safety practices to minimize their exposure to this disease. In this article, our objective is to provide guidelines for laboratories while working with COVID-19 samples to reduce the human and economic burden in the current pandemic. A risk assessment of all policies must be done and standard operating procedures on all ‘Safe Laboratory Practices and Procedures’ must be readily available for the staff. Dividing the laboratory functions into three broad phases, namely pre-examination, examination and post-examination, the precautions outlined for each stage must be followed stringently with the frequency defined as per the workload of the laboratory. The safety measures must cover all the laboratory processes including sample disposal. Decontamination too plays a major role and must be performed as per the standard national and international guidelines. Hence, following special precautions in the laboratory while working through the COVID-19 pandemic will not only minimize the risk of infection to the laboratory staff and but also help reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with this disease.
Application progress and potential of digital medicine in pediatric orthopedics
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Fan Minjie , Zaman Qamar , Zheng Pengfei
Published: December 2021

Computer technology has undergone decades of advancement since its emergence and has been extensively used in various fields of life. Under the existing environment of rapid development of information and data technology, computer technology has also shown significant application value and application potential in medical treatment. The combination of computer technology and medicine has formed a new field described as digital medicine. This article reviews the progress in the application of digital medicine in pediatric orthopedics from the aspects of three-dimensional (3D) model reconstruction, virtual reality technology, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, robots, and biomechanical analysis by finite element method. At the same time, this paper also preliminarily discusses the advantages and disadvantages of digital medicine in the current clinical application and possible future developments.
Cutaneous Signs in Dermatological Diseases; An Overview
Authors: Sharma Surabhi , Khaitan Binod K , Kumarasinghe Sujith Prasad
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous signs in dermatology are pathognomonic or diagnostic for certain conditions. A knowledge of these signs is a useful skill, which must not be forgotten in the recent trend towards relying on molecular biology and other investigative tools including histological findings to make a diagnosis. The aim of this review is to summarize all cutaneous signs in dermatology in a systematic way that would benefit dermatologists, trainee or experienced, in identifying diseases and sharpening their clinical skills. A keyword search for the terms “cutaneous signs,” “sign” AND “dermatology” was conducted through PUBMED, Google, and the major textbooks in dermatology (i.e., Rooks Textbook of Dermatology; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine and Dermatology). References were searched thoroughly for all cutaneous signs described. One hundred and nineteen signs were noted and summarized under the following categories: autoimmune, infective, inflammatory, neoplastic, genetic, trauma/miscellaneous. This review would serve as a good reference for those wanting to improve their clinical acumen in diagnosing dermatological disease.
Post Herpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Sharma Reena K. , Gupta Mudita , Tegta Geeta R. , Verma Ghanshyam , Rani Ritu
Published: December 2021

Background:

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a complication of herpes zoster characterized by persistent dermatomal pain. It has a negative impact on the quality of life. There is no gold standard therapy for PHN, and various local and systemic treatments have been tried. There are studies reporting the use of combination of steroids and local anesthetics but there is no standardized method.

Aim:

To evaluate the response of modified Jaipur block with increased concentration of dexamethasone.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study in patients who were given Jaipur block. The patients age, sex, duration of PHN, type and severity of pain were observed. A combination of 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine and dexamethasone was injected subcutaneously. The pain was scored using visual analogue scale at the baseline, and 1 month after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd session of block and follow up after 6 months and 1 year.

Results:

The mean age of our patient was 63.33 ± 9.5 years. The males outnumbered females. Thoracic dermatomes were more commonly involved. The mean duration of PHN was 11.58 ± 12.76 months; stimulus evoked PHN was the commonest type of pain seen. The mean visual analogue score (VAS) decreased progressively after each session of the block. Maximum patients (50%) had excellent response, whereas 1.9% did not respond to the block. Relapse of pain was seen in 5.6% of the patients. There was no significant side effect noted.

Limitations:

There was no objective method used to assess pain.

Conclusion:

PHN is chronic neuropathic pain. Response to modified Jaipur block is good, but if the duration of PHN is more, the recurrence rate is higher. Modified Jaipur block is an effective and safe treatment for PHN
Plasma D-Dimer Level in Vietnamese Patients with Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Nguyen Hao Trong , Vu Thao Thi Phuong
Published: December 2021

Background:

Chronic Urticaria (CU) is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting 2–3% of the population. Many studies have demonstrated that plasma D-dimer levels could be considered as a biomarker for disease activity and treatment response in patients with CU.

Aim:

To evaluate plasma D-dimer levels in patients with CU and their correlation with disease severity.

Methods:

The present study was a case-controlled study conducted in 97 patients with CU and 40 healthy subjects. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The mean plasma D-dimer level in patients with CU (807.76 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (424.63 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between plasma D-dimer levels and the urticaria active score (P = 0.005, r = 0.28). Our study also suggested a significant difference in plasma D-dimer levels between patients with CU with and without angioedema.

Conclusions:

Patients with CU had higher plasma D-dimer levels than the control group. A positive statistical correlation was observed between plasma D-dimer levels and severity of CU.
Screening of Latent Tuberculous Infection (LTBI) before Starting Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Pradhan Swetalina , Madke Bhushan , Neema Shekhar , Kabra Poonam , Singh Adarsh Lata , Yadav Sangita
Published: December 2021

Anti-tumor necrosis agents are being increasingly used in the management of moderate to severe psoriasis. Therapy with antitumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) agents is being fraught with reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This paper addresses the intricate relation between LTBI and anti-TNF-α agents and provides working guidelines for screening of LTBI and its management before prescribing anti-TNF-α therapy in patients with psoriasis.
Does involucrin have a Role in Verruca Vulgaris? A Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Akl Essam M , Sorour Neveen E , Abdou Asmaa G , Elesawy Fatma M
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Several modalities are used in the treatment of verrucae vulgaris; however, their side effects are common. Vitamin D3 has been recently used as a treatment in verruca vulgaris.

Aim of the Work:

We aimed to assess the expression of involucrin in verrucae before and after intralesional injection of vitamin D3 and its correlation with clinical response.

Subjects and Methods:

This study included 60 patients with verrucae vulgaris. These patients were subjected to intralesional injection of vitamin D3 at 3-week intervals for a maximum of five sessions. The pathological assessment was done by skin biopsies obtained from thirty patients before the first session and after the last session of injection and compared to skin biopsies from 30 healthy individuals.

Results:

The injected verrucae showed complete response in 39 patients (65%), partial response in 15 patients (25%), and no response in 6 patients (10%). Nonsmoker patients had a better response than smokers. Vitamin D3 injections also resulted in increasing involucrin expression and changing its pattern of expression.

Conclusions:

Intralesional vitamin D3 is an effective treatment for verrucae vulgaris. Involucrin expression is modified in verrucae.
Coping with autism during lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaku Sowmyashree Mayur , Chandran Suhas , Roopa N. , Choudhary Aakash , Ramesh Jayashree , Somashekariah Suchita , Kuduvalli Sowmya , Rao Vanitha S. , Mysore Ashok
Published: December 2021

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is thought to have greatly impacted families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to lockdown, given lack of access to healthcare, therapy, and day-care centers. This survey was conducted to understand the magnitude of the impact of lockdown, and its effect on the health and behavior of individuals with ASD and their families.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an anonymous online survey, disseminated to families registered with our hospital and collaborating centers. The survey questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic details, details of the patient’s and parents’ behavior and health during the COVID-19 lockdown, and treatment details of the patient.

Results:

A total of 153 families completed the survey. Of the 153, nearly half of the individuals with ASD had an inadequate understanding of lockdown, 54% had increased screen-time, while a third reported new-onset behavioral changes. About 40% received online therapies, of which 85% reported benefits. Of the 132 who answered the parent’s section, 55% reported decreased interest and/or pleasure in doing daily activities and 43% felt depressed and/or hopeless. About 80% of families reported short-term positive changes such as improved speech, language skills, and participation in household chores.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routines, triggered behavioral issues in individuals with ASD, and impacted the coping skills of both individuals and families, along with the mental health and well-being of the family. Valuable suggestions to improve therapy services and clinical care using technology have been uncovered and need to be explored.
Global airways – a novel Standard Tests for Asthma, allergic Rhinitis, and chronic Rhinosinusitis (STARR-15)
Authors: Backer V. , Aanaes K. , Hansen S. , Petersen J. , von Buchwald C.
Published: December 2021

Background: Global airway disease, with symptoms from both upper and lower airways, is a challenging problem for clinicians. Our goal is to design one single standard test for the awareness of global airway diseases to be used in clinical setting. Material and Methods: During 2019, rhinologists and pulmonologists generated a pool of items based on literature, patient-reported outcome measures and clinical experience. The items were administered to 206 patients with known asthma, CRS, allergic rhinitis, or a combination thereof. The patients also completed the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Using a mix of clinical knowledge and data-driven methods a global airways questionnaire was developed. Results: Mean ACQ score was highest in patients with all three, whereas the highest SNOT-22 score was observed in patients with CRS and asthma. After the development process, analysis of responses from 206 patients to 44 items on a new global airway’s questionnaire led to identification of 15 items that form the STARR-15 questionnaire with three underlying domains (an allergic rhinitis sub-factor, a CRS sub-factor and an asthma sub-factor). Conclusion: STARR-15 represents the first global airways questionnaire, to be used when examining patients with upper and lower airways symptoms. Future analyses are warranted to evaluate the clinical and psychometric properties of STARR-15.
Moral Code of a Person
Authors: Veremchuk Eldar
Published: December 2021

The paper reveals the moral code, extolled in the renowned Kipling’s poem “If” by means of cognitive interpretation. The author’s message containing his idea of moral code is unraveled in minimum meaningful spaces of the poem (usually one or two lines), which are analyzed in depth. Each space highlights the trajector features of character and the corresponding reference frames (domains), which serve as background for their understanding. The peculiarity of moral concepts consists in the fact that they are based on the evaluative component and therefore they form binary oppositions. The antagonist for the moral concept within such opposition serves as its benchmark, since the essence of a moral value is revealed only when it is contrasted to its opposite, therefore the paper makes an attempt of alignment trajector domains with the benchmarks. In order to delve into the Kipling’s understanding of moral code the distinguished ethical values were arranged in the form of field model. The nucleus of the model comprises most frequently actualized values from the moral code, while periphery includes values with lower rate of actualization. Along with cognitive analyses of Kipling’s moral doctrine the paper highlights the peculiarities of poetic narration, which include abstract dictum, use of subjunctive mood and symbolism. Particular attention is also paid to the use of personification and metaphor.
Le sage et son mystique
Authors: Zatloukal Jan
Published: December 2021

The Sage and His Mystic. A Look at the Correspondence Between Henri Pourrat and Jan Čep
Henri Pourrat (1887-1959) is inextricably linked to his region of Auvergne and his work as well as his personality have left an indelible mark there. Although his influence gradually faded away after the Second World War, it can be measured by a veritable mass of letters exchanged with countless correspondents. He enjoyed a reputation as a writer, the success of which was confirmed by the award of the Grand Prix du Roman de l’Académie Française to the whole of Gaspard des montagnes in 1931 and by the award of the title of Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur in 1928.
Jan Čep (1902-1974) was the translator of his works into the Czech language. Pourrat had sympathy for him because of the poetic inspiration that Čep drew from the same sources as him-self, that is, from the rustic world of the countryside, from its myths and legends. Pourrat perceived Čep as mystical because his work emanates from the deep metaphysical dimension. Faith thus plays the role of a bridge between the two men. For both of them it is the moving force in their lives. This is a full literary and spiritual contact that this article highlights.
The Price That Women in Renaissance Drama Pay for Taking Initiative
Authors: Rebetz Jonathan S.
Published: December 2021

The article is a close reading of Isabella’s soliloquy in act IV of The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd. Pointing at the difference between the role of women in Early Modern re­ality and their function in contemporary plays, it demonstrates the perversity of a society where women were regularly marginalized and where, even in theatre, their transgressions of the boundaries imposed on them by the patriarchal social apparatus led to extremely unfavourable repercussions. Isabella, emotionally crushed by the foul murder of her son, decides in her helplessness to take her own life. In a world dominated by men, she does not quietly accept her passive role, but works within its limitations to become a character that takes action, albeit action that ends her life. Before making the symbolic gesture of stabbing herself, she exclaims against the circumstances which drove her to it. Her speech can be seen as one of the climactic points of the play.
Responses to Gone with the Wind among Slovenians on the Other Side of the Atlantic
Authors: Trupej Janko
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the reception of the novel and the film Gone with the Wind in serial publications published by Slovenian immigrants in the United States of America. The analysis encompassed relevant articles that appeared in publications with different ideological orientations before the mid-1950s, i.e. until the onset of the modern African American civil rights movement. The reception by Slovenian Americans is compared with the contemporary general reception of the novel and the film in the United States. Taking the historical context into consideration, the article also endeavours to establish the reasons for the differences in the reception.
Mentalizacja jako czynnik ochronny pomiędzy pozabezpiecznym przywiązaniem a rozwojem zaburzeń psychopatologicznych
Authors: Papińska Anna
Published: December 2021

Mentalization as a Protective Factor between Insecure Attachment and the Development of Psychopathological Disorders

The development of mental disorders in adults has its roots in the early childhood experiences. Transmitted from generation to generation, an insecure attachment impairs the ability to mentalize, which plays a special role in the processing of traumatic injuries and the healing process. The aim of the article is to show the development of mental disorders in children and adults; to present mentalization as a protective factor in the transmission of insecure attachment, as well as to indicate clinical implications.
Nastoletnie macierzyństwo wyzwaniem współczesnych czasów
Authors: Dacka Monika
Published: December 2021

Teenage Motherhood as a Challenge of Modern Times Adolescence tends to be perceived as a time of seeking autonomy and independence, as well as of reorganizing one’s social functioning and forming one’s identity. Young people wish for their concepts of themselves and their future lives to remain cohesive and stable. Undoubtedly, motherhood belongs to one of the most important experiences which shape a woman’s life in a certain way. It is clearly connected with the biological nature as well as with certain sociocultural expectations. Teenage motherhood tends to be perceived as a serious problem in social discussions. Becoming a mother before the coming of age is connected with the necessity of accepting responsibility for the child and it contributes to a change of the previous way of functioning. The aim of the paper is to present the specificity of the period of adolescence, teenage motherhood, difficulties and the role of support for the young mothers.
Rozwój umiejętności tworzenia wytworów wielowymiarowych u dzieci w wieku 7–9 lat
Authors: Aleksandrovich Maria , Drewniak Michalina
Published: December 2021

Development of the Ability to Create Multidimentional Products among 7–9 Years Old Children

Artistic activities are one of the basic and most important activities during childhood. They are a rich source of information about child’s development, their values and temperament as well as their sense of aesthetics and beauty. At the same time these abilities have attracted considerable attention as a research field of interest in developmental psychology. This article presents results of research aimed at examining the level of 2D and 3D artistic activities performed by children aged 7–9 years, as well as at comparing the quality of these works. The acquisition of additional data pertaining to the research group made it possible to conduct a precise statistical analysis, which has been combined with the observations enabled the formulation of constructive and undoubtedly interesting conclusions. Conduct of the undertaken research was possible thanks to the careful selection of appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods – i.e., the observation method, the method of analysing the child’s products, the ability test (Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Man Test) and the statistical analysis (descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). The artworks used in the study were created by 50 children aged 7–9 years, which formed an extensive research group in which, as assumed, an impressive number of correlations related to children’s 2D and 3D plastic skills were demonstrated. The conducted qualitative and quantitative research allowed for the statistical confirmation of the presence of both a strong positive correlation between the ability to perform 2D and 3D art work by children aged 7–9 years, and a number of complementary correlations between the age of the child and his/her artistic abilities, between education of both parents and child’s artistic abilities, as well as between mother’s education and the number of children she has.
Problem konsensu w sprawie prawa do życia
Authors: Glombik Konrad
Published: December 2021

The problem of consent in the question of the right to life Under particular questions in the field of the right to life occurs the problem of consent which is discussed mainly in the context of legalization of abortion, euthanasia, in vitro fertilization and capital punishment. The question of consent in filed of the right to life is important for the discussions to this theme and is related to the understanding of nature of the right to life, both in juridical and moral perspective. The common accordance in the right to life has an impact on the actual solutions in the range of respect for life and concrete activities and choices of people in this field. The presented paper explains the nature of the consent in the question of the right to life, indicates problematic aspects in this regard and shows some arguments in the process of achievement of common accordance in the problem of the right to life. Wśród szczegółowych zagadnień w obszarze problematyki ochrony prawa do życia występuje zagadnienie konsensu, które jest dyskutowane głównie w kontekście legalizacji ustawodawstwa dotyczącego aborcji, eutanazji, sztucznego zapłodnienia, kary śmierci. Zagadnienie konsensu w kwestii prawa do życia jest kluczowym dla społecznych dyskusji na ten temat i wiąże się z rozumieniem natury prawa do życia, zarówno w perspektywie prawniczej, jak i moralnej. Problem ten ma także znaczenie dla przyjmowanych rozstrzygnięć w zakresie poszanowania życia ludzkiego oraz konkretnych działań i wyborów ludzi w tym obszarze. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą wyjaśnienia istoty konsensu w kwestii prawa do życia, wskazuje na kwestie problematyczne w dyskusjach na ten temat i przedstawia niektóre argumenty w procesie dochodzenia do powszechnej zgody w zakresie prawa do życia.
Missio Dei as the Main Project: Project Management Model for Mission of God
Authors: Thinane Jonas Sello
Published: December 2021

The emergence of the concept of Missio Dei (Mission of God) from the perspective of the International Missionary Council (IMC) arguably demonstrated that the role of the Triune God in his own mission was undeservedly marginalized for decades, if not centuries preceding 1952. Over the past decades there has been a sustained research activity conceptualizing Missio Dei, and at the same time renewing missiological interest in other Christian missions. However, to the author’s awareness, there has been very little or no effort to introduce or use known project models that can be utilized to show coherence or collaboration of missions towards the project of fulfilling the objective of Missio Dei. Through a desk-top literature review, this paper proposes the use of a project management model to properly conceptualize the location of Missio Dei as a main project that includes other network of missions as sub-projects within its framework. The Triune God is here identified as Project managers while human participants are seen as project stakeholders. Christian missions include Missio Christos, Missio Spiritus, Missio Hominum and Missio Ecclesiae as sub-projects. The proposed model will demonstrate the coordination and collaboration of missions in the broader context of Missio Dei and further assist with a proper understanding of roles that each mission is, or should play, in achieving the objective of Missio Dei. While efforts are being made here to propose a project management model for Missio Dei, further research is needed to determine whether this proposal will yield an in-depth understanding of Missio Dei as a missiological paradigm in conjunction with the role of other missions.
Menekülés a komplexitástól
Authors: Csepeli György
Published: December 2021

As a result of the recently occurred pandemic it has become apparent even for the common people that reality no longer can be seen through the lenses of simplification. Humankind has entered a new age characterized by complexity and lack of transparency. The border between nature and society has disappeared revealing that both of them are ruled by laws of complex systems. The relationships in complex systems are non-linear, categories are bond to language and understanding is a function of fuzzy logic. There is one chaordic world where changes cannot be predicted. Sudden small changes can lead to major transformations. The human mind has not been equipped by evolution to the challenges of complexity. Human beings living complexity are driven to escape from insecurity to security. Instead of reducing tension infodemics in social media induce anxiety and a sense of insecurity resulting inadequate response of the users. As a consequence of cognitive inadaptation users of social media tend to develop symptoms of depression, anxiety, paranoia, irrational credulity and resistance to accept evidence-based communications.
Igaz és hamis az új médiában
Authors: Kállai R. Gábor
Published: December 2021

New media has become a part of everyday life. This is particularly true of Facebook, which everyone tends to visit, even if they deny it. Significant academics and seemingly serious politicians are as present on social media as charlatans and rogues; organizations with an interest in causing confusion are also active, while organizations dedicated to obstructing confusion are not passive. It is also well known that one wrong Facebook post can cause an avalanche – whether consciously or accidentally. On the net – and to a degree on Facebook – all facts appear directly or referenced as in line with reality and thus true. At the same time, all positions that are false are also present. It is common knowledge that false, faked, misleading, or – let’s be honest – simply stupid statements are difficult to recognize, especially in the time of a pandemic. We face several entirely new phenomena which lack explanations based on scientific consensus. Social responses to the pandemic and the effects of political and bureaucratic efforts are controversial. Furthermore, even the best-intended actions – which in some cases are rational – cause interruptions in the usual carrying on of life, and factual pandemic news cause uncertainty. That is to say, true statements awaken the desire for “fake news”. Wittgenstein closed his famous logical-philosophical essay with the words “that whereof we cannot speak, thereof we must remain silent”. It is possible that the situation is now reversed. That whereof we must remain silent, thereof we must speak.
O anúncio do Evangelho à luz da Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Gaudium
Authors: De Souza Ney , Dias da Silva Tiago Cosmo
Published: December 2021

Na medida em que os gestos e as palavras de Jesus se constituem sempre como uma Boa Nova, o tempo avança e a Igreja é desafiada constantemente a pensar em como anunciá-la de modo a ser sempre mais fiel à sua missão. Este artigo destaca quais são os elementos fundamentais que o Papa Francisco apontou na Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Gaudium, lançada em 2013, que, como ele mesmo redigiu, continha um caráter programático para a missão da Igreja no mundo todo. O pensamento do papa é marcado pela sua formação intelectual e experiência eclesial. Logo, este texto fornece os princípios para anúncio da Boa Nova tendo com pressuposto a formação e a vivência na teologia latino-americana de Francisco
Da “Pedagogia das pedras” à “Pedagogia da vida”
Authors: Messias Elvis Rezende , Hansen Jean Poul
Published: December 2021

O presente ensaio objetiva reverberar provocações a partir das provocações pedagógicas de Jesus relatadas em Jo 8, 1-11, à luz das reflexões presentes no Texto-Base da Campanha da Fraternidade (CF) de 2022, cujo tema é Fraternidade e Educação. O que está em jogo não é uma análise exegética da perícope bíblica ou do Texto-Base da CF nem uma exposição exaustiva dos seus detalhes. A pretensão é mais simples, mas não menos importante. Se gerar o desejo de ida aos próprios textos aqui tomados como referência, se contribuir para problematizar o fenômeno educacional em seus fundamentos antropológicos, para compreender a pedagogia como mistagogia e, quiçá, inspirar práticas pedagógicas de vida, então esse artigo terá alcançado alguma valia. Na verdade, o texto a ser lido aqui é o da ação pedagógica de Jesus e os efeitos de sua pedagogia-mistagogia na vida das pessoas com quem Ele se encontrou.
Desafios educacionais nas fronteiras da democracia: aprender com a reexistência dos povos ancestrais de Abya Yala
Authors: Feluri Reinaldo Matias
Published: December 2021

Os riscos iminentes do colapso ecológico global, de uma guerra nuclear e de erosão dos regimes políticos democráticos, baluartes de defesa da sustentabilidade e da paz, evidenciam a urgência de superar radicalmente as fronteiras de exclusão mantidas pelo sistema mundo colonial capitalista, hoje em profunda crise. A insurreição dos movimentos populares de raízes ancestrais promove, rizomática e serpentinamente, processos de reconstituição do Bem Viver, cultivando relações de reciprocidade, complementaridade e integralidade entre os seres e sistemas constitutivos de vida em plenitude. Com os povos originários (particularmente os povos indígenas, quilombolas, tradicionais) aprendemos a desconstruir as necropolíticas – expressas e alimentadas pelo racismo, machismo, patriarcalismo, especismo, capitalismo, colonialismo – mediante as opções e ações radicais, persistentes e cotidianas de decolonizar as estruturas de conexão entre os seres humanos e os ecossistemas. O artigo reflete sobre contribuições que diferentes pesquisadores e pesquisadoras desenvolvem no sentido de promover a decolonialidade do ser e do viver através de práticas educacionais no campo das relações étnicas e de gênero.
To Teach or Not to Teach the Five-Paragraph Essay?
Authors:   Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA, Sowell Jimalee
Published: December 2021

While the field of composition might like to believe it has moved on from concern about the five-paragraph essay, the debate is far from over. The five-paragraph essay continues to be taught, and oppositionists continue to rail against it. As long as the five-paragraph essay continues as a common form of writing assessment on standardized exams and as a form commonly taught in schools, it is a form that will likely persist. Instead of calling for the retirement of the five-paragraph essay, practitioners and researchers need to rethink the potential of the five-paragraph essay as a foundational form and to reconsider approaches to teaching it. Some of the problems associated with the five-paragraph essay are likely due to pedagogical decisions, such as an exclusive focus on the five-paragraph essay and not advancing to other forms when students are ready rather the five-paragraph essay form itself. In this paper, I define the five-paragraph essay, outline some of the historical links to the five-paragraph essay, challenge common criticisms of it, and suggest that such essay might be a useful foundational form.