bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taste Formation in Pluralistic Societies
Authors: Meyer Heinz-Dieter
Published: March 2007

Standard sociological theories of `taste-as-refinement', which view taste as a means to maintain social distance among different social classes, conflict with tastemaking practice in pluralistic societies where taste standards are no longer exclusively defined by a society's elite strata. To better account for the heterogeneity of tastemaking in modern societies, this article suggests a framework for analysis in which taste is considered as a collective interpretive activity that unfolds in distinct institutional contexts and is shaped by culturally available rhetorics of aesthetic judgment. Two conflicting but complementary rhetorics are identified: the rhetoric of refinement and the rhetoric of authenticity. Drawing on historical studies of taste, the role of institutional context for tastemaking is demonstrated. Taste in pluralistic society emerges in socially, politically and rhetorically contested institutional spaces where it is negotiated among a plurality of actors who have recourse to alternative rhetorics and classifications.
The Constituent Economic Principles of Globalization in Historical Perspective
Authors: Bairoch Paul
Published: March 2007

This article deals primarily with international trade and with the flow and stock of foreign direct investments as indicators of economic globalization. Both recent developments and a historical perspective back to 1830 are presented. The focus is on the rich dominant economies, but a global overview is also given. Recent tendencies do not stand out as unique or radically new when considered in historical light. On the basis of the negative economic and social tendencies of the world economy, the author launches `an Appeal from Stockholm' for a new, global `New Deal'.
Structural Adjustment and the Globalization of Social Policy in Latin America
Authors: Laurell Asa Cristina
Published: March 2007

The outstanding feature of economic globalization in Latin America is the application of neoliberal structural adjustment programs under the guidance of international financial agencies. These programs include state reform that redefines social policy and the role of state, markets and families in the satisfaction of social needs. This dual social policy aims at commodifying profitable social services and benefits and reducing public social services to a minimum for the very poor. These characteristics are analyzed specifically in the health services and social insurance reforms and poverty programs. Given the sustained increase in poverty and unemployment and falling family incomes, this policy aggravates the social crisis through simultaneous market and state `failure'.
RACISM, MIGRATION AND THE STATE IN WESTERN EUROPE: A CASE FOR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Bovenkerk Frank , Miles Robert , Verbunt Gilles
Published: March 2007

Comparative studies of post-1945 migration into Western Europe, and of the political and ideological responses to migration, have become increasingly common. While these studies demonstrate a number of common processes, their particular mode of expression can differ substantially from one country to another. This requires the development of a theoretical framework which is formulated at a level of generality which can encompass the historical specificity of, and variation between, particular instances, yet which permits a general explanation which is sensitive to that specificity and variation. The framework offered in this paper proposes a comparative analysis of the migration of four analytically distinct categories of person which highlights the role of the state in the reproduction of the imagined community of nation. That role is carried out in the context of a more general process of the regulation of scarcity, in the course of which people are simultaneously included in and excluded from the hierarchy of economic, political and ideological positions in the nation-state. Of special interest is the content of the processes of signification and categorisation that are generated in the inclusionary and exclusionary processes. The countries selected for analysis are France, the Netherlands and Britain.
The Disruption of Social and Geographic Space
Authors: Pries Ludger
Published: March 2007

In the last decade of the 20th century globalization as a key concept in social sciences and political debate indicated a general shift in the (perception of the) relation between the social and the spatial. At the same time, in migration studies, as a central field for studying this ongoing reconfiguration of social and spatial relations, the focus of transnationalism became very promising. Based on empirical research and conceptual reflections this article focuses on the growing importance of transmigration as a specific type of migration in transnational social spaces. It considers transnational social spaces as a key concept for understanding the current dynamics of international migration as well as new arrangements of the social and the spatial in human life in general.
THE DECLINING POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL CLASS
Authors: Clark Terry Nichols , Lipset Seymour Martin , Rempel Michael
Published: March 2007

Social classes have not died, but their political significance has declined substantially; this justifies a shift from class-centred analysis towards multi-causal explanations of political behaviour and related social phenomena. This contribution extends key propositions from Clark and Lipset and adds new empirical evidence to the commentaries by Hout et al. and Pakulski.

Four general propositions are stated concerning where and why class is weaker or stronger. The propositions are then applied to several areas, considering how class has weakened in its impact, especially on politics. We cite several writers of Marxist background to show how they have converged with others in interpreting central developments. The paper notes the impact of organisations like parties and unions, independent of classes, in affecting political processes. It points to the rise of the welfare state as generally weakening class conflict by providing a safety-net and benefits. The diversification of the occupational structure toward small firms, high tech and services weakens class organisational potentials. So does more affluence. Political parties have correspondingly shifted from class conflict to non-economic issues like the environment. The Socialist and Communist Parties have drastically altered their programmes in dozens of countries, away from traditional class politics toward new social issues, and often even toward constraining government. New nationalist parties have arisen stressing national identity and limiting immigration. These developments cumulatively weaken class politics.
FATALISM AND HEALTH IN THE BRAZILIAN STATE OF SÃO PAULO
Authors: Phillips Daphne
Published: March 2007

The literature portrays fatalism as a behaviour, expressed through inaction, based on the perceived inability of the individual or group to overcome social and economic deprivation. The attitude of fatalism was found to affect the poor in some industrial countries, and to be widely characteristic of populations in developing countries. Research on fatalism among mothers of infants in Northeastern Brazil, where infant mortality rates are very high, produced conflicting results, with some researchers reporting high levels of fatalistic attitudes, and others identifying the absence of fatalistic behaviours, due to strong socio-cultural networks of support among the poor. In this paper, using multiple regression analysis, I argue that fatalism among the adult population in São Paulo is relatively low due to extensive social support, and further that social support acts to prevent and/or reduce fatalistic attitudes.
Industrial Development, Culture and Working-Class Politics: a Case Study of Tabriz Industrial Workers in the Iranian Revolution
Authors: Moghadam Val
Published: March 2007

This paper takes up the question of historical subjects, social agency and working-class consciousness by examining a recent case, that of the role of industrial workers in the 1978-79 Iranian Revolution and in the political and social struggles of the Islamic Republic. Combining structural analysis and an interview with a founding member of a radical factory council in Tabnz, the paper examines the linkages between economic development, social structure and class politics, suggesting that cultural and economic arrangements are critical factors in understanding working-class con sciousness and politics, and workers' capacity for both independent action (i.e. as part of the industrial proletariat) and collective action (i.e. as part of a mass, revolutionary movement)
Educational Technologies, Expertise, and Decentered Knowledge
Authors: Gance Stephen P.
Published: March 2007

The World Wide Web is often touted as a way to distribute expertise, thus decentering knowledge creation and dissemination. However, conceptualizing ex pertise as multiple does not sufficiently problematize the unitary expertise model that considers expertise as something held by someone (the "expert") and trans ferred to someone else (the "novice "). The author makes the claim that expertise has been primarily theorized by various psychologicalframeworks; these ways of conceptualizing expertise are largely ignorant of the ways that they position the student as a passive receptor of knowledge and do not fully allow for the problematization of the nature of knowledge. Recon ceptualizing expertise then would require movingfrom a narrowly construed psychological conception of ex pertise to a notion of expertise more sociological in character. This article explores conceptualizations of expertise within some dominant psychological frame works. The author explores how the new information technologies compel a reexamination of these notions of expertise.
Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence:
Authors: DuBois David L. , Hirsch Barton J.
Published: March 2007

Self-esteem has been included frequently in theory and research on early adolescence; this consideration, however, has lacked depth and complexity. Most investigations have presented the self-esteem of young adolescents as global and undifferentiated, and as having linkages with their development that are unidirectional, independent of other sources of influence, and uniformly positive with regard to implications for adjustment. By contrast, there is a growing literature to support a view of early adolescent self-esteem as multidimensional in structure, influenced by a complex, interdependent array of individual and contextual factors, and linked bidirectionally to adjustment outcomes in ways that can both promote and hinder overall development. Part I of this special issue of the journal extends this emerging knowledge base, particularly with respect to the formative role of the developing self-system and socioenvironmental context. Self-esteem in relation to adjustment, developmental status, and social-community interventions will be considered in a forthcoming second part of the special issue.
Gender-Specific Substance Prevention Programming:
Authors: Guthrie Barbara J. , Flinchbaugh Laura J.
Published: March 2007

A brief overview and history of the Female Adolescent Initiative, a program funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, is given. Findings from selected programs and a synthetic summary of what the program interventionists learned are presented. The authors use the results from these programs to develop a framework to guide the next generation of scholars who focus on gender-specific substance abuse prevention and provide specific suggestions for designing the next generation of gender-specific programs.
Self-Perceptions of Friendship-Making Ability and Perceptions of Friends’ Deviant Behavior:
Authors: Barry Carolyn McNamara , Wigfield Allan
Published: March 2007

Stability and change from middle childhood to middle adolescence in participants’perceptions of their friendship-making ability and their friends’ deviant behavior were examined. Third-grade, fourth-grade, and sixth-grade children completed questionnaires that assessed those constructs and did so again 5 years later. Participants perceived their friendship-making ability as greater during childhood than during adolescence. Adolescents perceived their friends as more deviant than did children. Each of the two perceptions was not highly stable over 5 years. Aspects of children’s perceived social competence were examined as predictors of adolescents’ perceived friendship-making ability and the deviant behavior of their friends. Children’s perceived friendship-making ability and value, and frequency of friend interaction significantly predicted adolescents’ perceived friendship-making ability, whereas children’s perceived deviant behavior of friends, friendship-making ability (a negative predictor), and popularity with boys and with girls significantly predicted adolescents’ perceived deviant behavior of their friends.
Perceptions of the Peer Group and Friendship in Early Adolescence
Authors: Crockett Lisa , Losoff Mike , Petersen Anne C.
Published: March 2007

Perceptions of peer relationships were assessed in a sample of 335 boys and girls followed longitudinally from sixth through eighth grade. Semiannual interviews provided data on perceptions of the school peer group and individual friendships. As anticipated, the clique, or friendship group was found to be an important feature of the peer group, and both the importance attributed to cliques and positive attitudes towards cliques increased over time. Boys and girls considered the same qualities to be important for success in the peer group, although the relative importance attributed to these qualities differed by sex. Daily friendship interactions were found to take up a substantial portion of the adolescents' free time. Some aspects of intimacy were reported in same-sex friendships, particularly among girls. In most cases, however, this closeness did not replace closeness to parents. Intimacy in cross-sex friendships was rarely reported, but interest in the other sex and heterosocial interaction increased over the period studied.
The Development of Self-Understanding in Puerto Rico and the United States
Authors: Hart Daniel , Lucca-Irizarry Nydia , Damon William
Published: March 2007

A model of self-understanding development with four developmental levels is presented. The model allows for individual and cultural differences in the degree to which self-understanding at each of four developmental levels is focused on the physical, active, social, or psychological qualities of self. The value of the model for describing and contrasting development in different cultures was investigated by examining the self-understanding of two groups: 49 children and adolescents from a small fishing village in Puerto Rico, and a matched group from a large industrialized city in the mainland United States. The results indicated that relationships between age and developmental level were similar for the two groups. However, the orientations of self-understanding of individuals from Puerto Rico were more oriented towards the social qualities of the self, while the self-understanding of mainland United States subjects focused on the psychological qualities of self. The findings are discussed in terms of different patterns of socialization.
Uplifts, Hassles, and Adaptational Outcomes in Early Adolescents
Authors: Kanner Allen D. , Feldman S. Shirley , Weinberger Daniel A. , Ford Martin E.
Published: March 2007

The relationship of daily uplifts and hassles to adaptational outcomes has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, investigators have focused considerably more on hassles than uplifts. In an attempt to rectify this trend, the present study examines the relationship of uplifts and hassles to anxiety, depression, distress, self-restraint, perceived sup-port from friends, perceived social competence, and general self-worth in a sample of 23 sixth graders (141 girls). Results indicate that both hassles and uplifts are substantially related to these outcomes in the expected direction, with the exception of a modest positive association between uplift and anxiety for girls. Moreover, in most cases uplifts add significantly to the relationship between hassles and outcomes, thus high-lighting the importance of uplifts. Other findings idicate that uplifts/hassles patterns vary as a function of gender and the particular outcome being considered. Similarities to and differences from adult findings are discussed in regard to gender-role and general development.
Perceived Competence, Self-Description, Expectation, and Successful Experience Differences among Students in Grades Seven, Eight, and Nine
Authors: Alderman M. Kay , Doverspike James E.
Published: March 2007

This study compared grade, gender, and achievement differences on competence-related measures. Students in grades seven, eight and nine were compared on measures of perceived competence, self-descriptive characteristics, successful experiences, expectations on a mathematics test, and math achievement differences. Grade differences found that ninth grade scored higher on perceived competence and listed more mental successes while seventh graders had more incorrect categories of self-descriptions. Some gender differences were consistent with previous research findings where males score higher on competence factors, although females listed more successful experiences. High achievers scored higher than low achievers on the cognitive competence scale and on other measures. Implications for facilitating competence at grade seven are discussed.
The Relations of Pubertal Status to Intrapersonal Changes in Young Adolescents
Authors: Dorn Lorah D. , Crockett Lisa J. , Petersen Anne C.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between pubertal development and adolescents' perceptions of their physical and emotional states. Two research questions were posed: (a) What are the effects of pubertal status upon satisfaction with appearance and mood states of the adolescent; and, (b) What are the patterns of those pubertal effects in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades? A nonclinical group of adolescents (N = 253) was selected from two cohorts and was followed from sixth through eighth grade. Multiple measures were used to assess satisfaction with appearance and mood states. Significant multivariate findings were limited to seventh and eighth grades. For satisfaction with appearance in girls, there were significant multivariate effects for pubertal status in both grades with the salient variable being satisfaction with weight. Girls who were more physically mature reported being less satisfied with their weight. For moods in seventh grade boys, the multivariate effect was significant for pubertal status with the salient variables being Impulse Control and Emotional Tone. Pubertal boys rated themselves higher, that is better on Impulse Control and Emotional Tone. Other significant univariate effects and polynomial trends are also discussed.
AIDS and Adolescents
Authors: Bingham C. Raymond
Published: March 2007

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has reached epidemic proportions in many countries. In the United States the infection is currently most common among homosexual males and intravenous (IV) drug users in urban areas. However, heterosexuals are also at risk of AIDS infection, as is illustrated by the heterosexual-infection patterns present in areas outside the United States. The adolescent population of the United States is currently behaviorally and biologically at risk of AIDS contagion, and, although current infection rates among adolescents are low, the infection could mushroom in the future. Therefore, now is the time to vigorously implement AIDS-prevention strategies among the adolescent population. Some possible strategies involve public education and the modification of risk behaviors, anonymous blood-testing services, development of social support systems, and the implementation of empowerment strategies.
Early Adolescent Temperament and Academic Competence: Tests of "Direct Effects" and Developmental Contextual Models
Authors: Talwar Rachna , Schwab Jacqueline , Lerner Richard M.
Published: March 2007

Using data from the Pennsylvania Early Adolescent Transitions Study (PEATS), temperament and measures of academic competence were interrelated to test two alternative models: The "direct effects" model stresses intraorganism, non-contextually mediated links, while the "developmental contextual" model emphasizes social interactional processes between students and teachers. In support of the developmental contextual notion, results of LISREL analyses at the end of Grade 6 (elementary school), and the end of Grade 7 (junior high school) indicated that significant paths existed between second-order temperament factors and teachers' ratings of students' academic competence; these ratings were related to students' self-rated competence, to Grade 6 and 7 grade point averages, and to Grade 6 achievement scores. Findings are discussed in regard to the alternative models of the role of organismic individuality in adolescent development and the possible role of temperament in adolescent stress and coping.
Adolescents and Maternal Employment
Authors: Armistead Lisa , Wierson Michelle , Forehand Rex
Published: March 2007

Labor statistics show that mothers of adolescents are more likely to work than are those of children in any other age group, and, therefore, represent an important sample to address. The present study had two purposes. First, the effects of maternal employment on adolescent functioning were examined in a sample of 63 young adolescents. Results showed that maternal employment was not related to any of the areas assessed, suggesting that maternal employment may not have a harmful effect on adolescent adjustment. Second, the relationship of prestige ratings of either maternal or paternal employment to adolescent functioning was examined ia a sample of 96 young adolescents. Maternal prestige ratings were not significantly related to any dependent measures, yet prestige ratings of paternal employment were significantly related to at least one measure in most areas of adolescent functioning. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that only the paternal rating served to predict adolescent functioning, particularly for male adolescents.
Social, Personality, and Gender Differences in At-Risk and Not-At-Risk Sixth-Grade Students
Authors: Browne Carol S. , Rife John C.
Published: March 2007

Research has been presented that identifies in-school factors associated with at-risk adolescent students, but less attention has been given to the social-psychological perceptions that these students hold about themselves and their school experiences. Knowledge of these social-psychological perceptions can be used for designing at-risk prevention and intervention programs. This study examined differences between 219 at-risk sixth-grade students and 218 students who were not defined as at risk on four social-psychological domains: attitudes toward school, self-concept, locus of control, and parent-child relations. The results showed that at-risk students had significantly less positive attitudes toward their school experience, lower self-concepts, more external control orientations, and viewed their parents as less demanding and more casual in their expectations. Female at-risk students tended to have more positive attitudes toward school and viewed their mothers as more loving than did male at-risk students. Implications are presented for planning programs to assist at-risk middle school students.
School/Nonschool Friendship Patterns in Early Adolescence
Authors: DuBois David L. , Hirsch Barton J.
Published: March 2007

This research examined the school/non school ecology of early adolescent friendship activity using data from a sample of 292 junior high school students. Principal components analyses of friendship measures revealed distinct dimensions for activities that occur during and outside school with the best school friend Social skill and environment related obstacles to seeing school friends outside school were also identified. Additional analyses indicated that activity with the best school friend was more frequent during rather than outside school and that environmental obstacles interfered to a greater extent with seeing school friends outside school than did social skill problems. Activity with the best school friend during and outside school was related to self-esteem among boys but not among girls. The discussion addresses the ecological context of early adolescent friendships and promising directions for future research.
Special Issues in Reforming Middle Level Schools
Authors: Urdan Tim , Midgley Carol , Wood Stewart
Published: March 2007

In this article, some of the particular issues relevant to changing middle level schools were examined. Recent research has increasingly examined the educational needs of early adolescent students, and school reforms frequently have been called for Often, these calls for reform have not been accompanied by careful consideration of the many factors, some particular to middle level schools, that can inhibit meaningful, lasting change. Described is a recently concluded 3-year project to produce a task-focused learning environment at both the middle and elementary school levels. Using qualitative data (including interviews, field notes, audio recordings of weekly meetings with the staff at the middle school, and an open-ended survey question), some of the issues are explored that make creating changes in middle level schools a particularly challenging endeavor
Self-Perceived Competencies and Depression among Middle School Students in Japan and the United States
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Akiyama M. Michael , Elling Kirsten A.
Published: March 2007

Predictors of self-reported depressive symptoms were investigated within groups of 125 middle school students from the United States and 99 middle school students from Japan. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-perceptions of physical attractiveness, social acceptance, and behavioral conduct independently contributed to self-reported depression among United States students. Self-perceptions of interpersonal connectedness, peer social acceptance, behavioral conduct, and physical attractiveness independently contributed to self-reported depression among Japanese students. Self-perceptions of academic competence were not an independent predictor of depression in either group. In addition to revealing critical relations between specific domains of perceived competence and depression during early adolescence within each group of students, results indicated that common beliefs regarding associations between Japanese students' perceived academic competence and level of emotional distress may reflect an exception rather than a rule. Implications for preventive interventions and further research are discussed.
The Process of Instrument Development for Ethnically Diverse Early Adolescents
Authors: Anderson Nancy Lois Ruth , Uman Gwen C. , Keenan Colleen K. , Koniak-Griffin Deborah , Casey Conerly
Published: March 2007

Through a combination of pilot study, consultation, and field-testing, an instrument was developed to evaluate the major content areas in the curriculum of a community-based family life education program: parent/child communication, peer influence, family values, self-efficacy, sexuality knowledge, and high-risk behaviors. The wording, format, and question content were structured to be appropriate developmentally for male and female early adolescents J0 through 14 years of age in diverse sociocultural communities in Los Angeles County. Age-related developmental issues facing early adolescents, combined with the ethnic diversity in the county, created serious challenges to the development of a valid, reliable, and relevant instrument for evaluating the effectiveness of an adolescent family life education program. An instrument with some stable and internally consistent components was developed through the key processes of pilot testing and field-testing with focus groups from the target population of ethnically diverse early adolescents.
The Marketing of High-Technology Products and Services: Implications for Curriculum Content and Design
Authors: Mohr Jakki
Published: March 2007

Despite its increasing importance in today’s business environment, the marketing of high-technology products and services is not covered in many marketing curricula. The purposes of this article are to discuss some of the ways in which marketing must be modified in a high-tech environment, where market information can be hard to come by at best and potentially misleading at worst. This discussion offers insight into the possible content of a high-technology marketing course. In addition, this article identifies and evaluates possible ways to include high-tech marketing in the curriculum. Such information has value for educators as they make decisions about whether and how to revise their individual courses and overall curriculum to address high-technology marketing.
Team Learning in a Marketing Principles Course: Cooperative Structures That Facilitate Active Learning and Higher Level Thinking
Authors: Hernandez Sigfredo A.
Published: March 2007

This article examines team learning as a comprehensive pedagogy designed to facilitate active learning and higher level thinking. The key features of team learning and traditional learning are compared to provide a rationale for change for both marketing faculty and students. A detailed description of the new pedagogy and the steps necessary for its implementation are presented. The instructional activity sequence and other aspects of the team learning course design are discussed, as well as their role in creating effective cooperative structures. Students from a day section and from an evening section of a marketing principles course reported favorable attitudes toward team learning. Suggestions on how to get started are offered for marketing faculty members who might be interested in the adoption of this new pedagogy. Future research is needed for comparing the effectiveness of team learning to traditional learning in the marketing classroom.
The Effects of Marketing Education and Individual Cultural Values on Marketing Ethics of Students
Authors: Yoo Boonghee , Donthu Naveen
Published: March 2007

This study investigates the relationships between marketing education and individual cultural valuesand college stu dents’ marketing ethics. Using Vitell, Rallapalli, and Singhapakdi’smarketing normsscale and Yoo, Donthu, and Lenartowicz’s five-dimensional measure of culture operationalized at the individual level, the study reveals that formal and informal marketing educationsare positively related to the level of marketing ethics. Collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and Confucian dynamism are positively related to the level of marketing ethics, whereas masculinity and power distance are negatively related to the level of marketing ethics. Implications for ethics education are discussed.
Experiential Learning in Marketing: Synthesis and Action for a Capstone Course
Authors: Marcus Burton H.
Published: March 2007

Marketing management is concerned with decisions related to prod ucts and services--directly or indirectly. Yet, few opportunities exist for the student to study or experience such. The experiential marketing course described in this paper offers an alternative to other accepted pedagogical techniques such as de scriptive texts, cases, or simulations. It also provides educators with an approach which students find highly motivating. The capstone course is a place where the concepts and theories learned in other marketing courses should be synthesized. In the course described, a model for analyzing marketing opportunities and making the management decisions which draw on knowledge of concepts and theories discussed is formated. An integrated projects is used as a vehicle for focusing the students' activities and decisions. These activities vary from de scriptive market analysis to creative generation of new product ideas. The assignments attempt to replicate the process the prac titioner would pursue in analyzing marketing opportunities and ap plying the marketing concept to business.
Changes in Department Store Organization : Implications for Curriculum Requirements for Management Trainees
Authors: Vincent Clarence E. , Berens John S.
Published: March 2007

Postwar changes in the modes of operation of traditional department stores (i.e., branching) have brought them organizationally closer to chains such as Wards, Sears, and Penneys. Consequently, this important segment of retail trade has ex perienced a greatly expanded need for floor management personnel. Specifically reported are department store managers' estimates of the appropriate curricular background for potential managers of store operation. Also reported are managers' evaluations of general success potential in terms of educational preparation. Thus, the aforementioned organization changes require curriculum adjustments that will benefit future managers in traditional department stores.
Attitudes of Marketing Teachers Toward Consumer Behavior Courses
Authors: Taylor Ronald D. , Walters C. Glenn , Perry Donald
Published: March 2007

A total of 153 marketing educators responded to a questionnaire dealing with the importance of the consumer behavior course within the marketing curriculum. This study found that the consumer behavior course has become one of the most im portant courses in the minds of marketing professors. Younger professors tended to rank the consumer behavior course as comparatively more important than did their older counterparts. Professors from smaller schools seemed to give less importance to consumer behavior than did professors from larger schools.
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Student Learning Styles and the Acquisition of Marketing Knowledge
Authors: Sood James , Valentine Carole
Published: March 2007

This article reports on the empirical investigation of the relationship between the learning styles of students and their ability to acquire marketing knowledge. The instrument used to measure learning styles is a modified form of the Learning Style Inventory model developed by David A. Kolb.
BIDSIM: Using a Competitive Bidding Simulation to Highlight Pricing Issues
Authors: Zinkhan George M. , Tellis Gerard
Published: March 2007

BIDSIM is a case and simulation exercise which is designed to introduce users to important pricing issues such as monitoring competitive activity and drawing up contingency plans. BIDSIM is different from other marketing simulation games in that inputs are very simple and no "black box" is required to process output. Through the dynamics of competitive sealed bidding, BIDSIM is able to create a realistic pricing environment with a minimum knowledge of simulation models. Such simplified simulation exercises may prove to be especially useful to marketing educators who are interested in providing students with hands-on training in the classroom.
COMPLOC: A Competitive Store Location Game
Authors: Ghosh Avijit , McLafferty Sara L.
Published: March 2007

In COMPLOC, an interactive computer game, students apply their knowledge of store location models to a realistic scenario. The competitive framework instills student interest and appreciation for long-term planning in a competitive environment. The article discusses the structure of the game, its learning objectives and our experience with its use.
Student Expectations Regarding Collegiate Internship Programs in Marketing
Authors: Hite Robert , Bellizzi Joseph
Published: March 2007

The importance of collegiate internship programs for students, business firms, and universities has been well documented. This study examined student expectations with regard to internship programs in marketing. The results may aid marketing faculty in the development and management of a marketing internship program.
A Marketing History Perspective for the Marketing Management Class
Authors: Peterson Robin T.
Published: March 2007

The appropriateness of using historical case studies as an integral part of the marketing management class is discussed, with the rationale for this inclusion and suggestions for employing case studies as a teaching device. Several examples of cases and their applicability to marketing education are mentioned and useful sources of historical cases are listed.
Marketing Majors' Satisfaction with their College Experience: Implications for Strategic Planning in Marketing Departments
Authors: Schmidt Sandra L. , Debevec Kathleen , Comm Clare L.
Published: March 2007

This study examines the criteria marketing majors used in selecting a college, their evaluation of and satisfaction with their chosen college, and the extent to which marketing majors differ from other business majors on these issues. Results indicate that marketing majors are satisfied with their college experience overall, but that they are less satisfied than other business majors on some dimensions. Recommendations are offered to enhance strategic planning in marketing departments.
Master Teaching: Pursuing Excellence in Marketing Education
Authors: Conant Jeffrey S. , Smart Denise T. , Kelley Craig A.
Published: March 2007

This article reports results of a study undertaken with 144 of the marketing discipline's most effective teachers. Contacted through the mail, these master teachers were asked to explain the reasons for their success. Results indicate that they are excellent communicators, possess a real-world perspective, genuinely care for their students, and pride themselves on being organized and prepared. Additional insight on improving lectures, developing syllabi, enhancing student involvement, giving exams, and building student rapport is also provided by the findings.
Applying Marketing Strategy and Personal Value Analysis to Career Planning: An Experiential Approach
Authors: Kramer Hugh E.
Published: March 2007

Those of us who teach marketing strategy can readily apply strategic course material for the benefits of career planning of our students. The experiential learning approach permits learning by discovery and self-development under the guidance of the marketing educator. It proceeds in analogy to developing a strategic marketing plan for a company through the steps of assessing a student's past achievements (the cognitive realm), understanding the role and priority of his or her personal values (the affective realm) and building on his or her preferred activity style and personal strengths (the conative realm). Subsequently a student's professional expectations are compared with expectations by (prospective) employers. Based on the personal out-look on life exogenous and endogenous factors affecting a student's instrumental and terminal values are evaluated. The result is the development of a personalized and realistic strategic career plan and range of career options.
The Project Method Approach: An Integrated Teaching Tool in Marketing Research
Authors: Malhotra Naresh K. , Tashchian Armen , Jam Arun K.
Published: March 2007

This article discusses the integrative role of the project method approach in marketing research. Using the six-step framework of the marketing research process, the article illustrates the effective execution of the project method approach and shows how the project method not only fosters at least 10 useful managerial skills but also incorporates the traditional lecture, case analysis, and games and simulation approaches to teaching marketing. Limitations of the project method and some observations on alternative approaches to its implementation are discussed.
Mass Sections: Challenges, Consequences, and Strategic Considerations
Authors: Hise Richard T. , Conant Jeffrey S. , Gwinner Robert F.
Published: March 2007

This article explores the challenges involved in teaching mass sections, examines the consequences of ineffective instruction, and reports results of a study undertaken with 476 students enrolled in mass sections of basic marketing. Results indicate that students generally prefer and feel the quality of instruction is better in smaller-sized classes. The findings also suggest that the instructor is the key component in explaining student satisfaction with mass sections, and that the most significant instructor-related variable is the instructor's knowledge of the material.
Free-Riding in Group Projects: Control Mechanisms and Preliminary Data
Authors: Strong James T. , Anderson Rolph E.
Published: March 2007

The article discusses the causes of free-riding in group activities and reviews the empirical literature, then makes 15 recommendations for reducing free-riding by students in academic marketing group projects. The recommendations are based on a review of empirical work in the fields of free-riding and social loafing. The authors also offer preliminary data on student perceptions regarding the effectiveness of six techniques for reducing free-riding: (1) group cohesiveness (group self-selection), (2) group size, (3) unilateral expulsion of teammates, (4) unilateral withdrawal from the group, (5) instructor discussion of the free-riding problem, and (6) evaluation of teammates.
Price Presentations Structured with Strategy
Authors: Duke Charles R.
Published: March 2007

Pricing is normally taught in formats which do not form a cohesive and actionable managerial framework. A modified approach is presented using strategy to organize pricing presentations, with Tellis's price strategy matrix as an example. Students integrate otherwise fragmented terms into a comprehensive structure that is retained better than standard presentations.
To be or Not to be Humorous in Class—That is the Question
Authors: Kothari Vmay , Rana Dharam S. , Khade Al S.
Published: March 2007

This article reports the findings of an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of humor as a teaching tool in international marketing education. The study found that using humorous anecdotes or incidents relating to specific international marketing topics had positive effects on student performance.
A Preliminary Assessment of the Effectiveness of Creativity Training in Marketing
Authors: Gilbert Faye W. , Prenshaw Penelope J. , Ivy Thomas T.
Published: March 2007

This study reports the results of a semester of instruction in creativity theory and techniques as assessed by the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. In comparison to a control group, experimental subjects improved performance on some aspects of creativity, suggesting a need to investigate associations between techniques and dimensions of creative skills.
Internet Technology and the Future of Marketing Education
Authors: Atwong Catherine T. , Hugstad Paul S.
Published: March 2007

This article examines how increasing use of the Internet and its related technology will affect the role of marketing educators and the way they teach marketing. The authors also discuss how the Internet might be harnessed to meet current challenges facing business education.
An Empirical Taxonomy of Student Expectations of Marketing Internship Programs
Authors: Arnold Mark J.
Published: March 2007

This study provides a new understanding of today's marketing student intern by formalizing an empirical taxonomy of student expectations of marketing internship programs. The results provide strong support for the existence of three distinct student segments, and recommendations are offered as to the application of this new knowledge for academic institutions and firms alike.
Marketing Education in the Year 2000: Changes Observed and Challenges Anticipated
Authors: Smart Denise T. , Kelley Craig A. , Conant Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2007

This article reports results of a study undertaken with 107 of the marketing discipline™s most well-regarded educators. Asked to both reflect on the changes they had made over the past 10 years in their teaching and to identify the challenges that await in the new millennium, these faculty provide an insightful picture of the evolving marketing education landscape. Study results indicate that faculty are working harder to develop discussion-oriented class cultures, making increased use of emerging technologies, and placing a greater emphasis on helping students strengthen their communication and decision-making skills than 10 years ago. Asked to identify challenges they see as the year 2000 approaches, respondents noted that the marketing discipline must increase its relevancy and value to students and their prospective employers. Also, marketing educators need to stay in front of technological change and take a true leadership role in helping students develop business skills necessary for success.
Politics, Legislatures, and Public Administration
Authors: Cox Raymond W
Published: March 2007

In 1960, Samuel Huntington noted that governmental decision-making was quite similar in the executive and legislative branches. Huntington went so far as to suggest that the decision process is legislative rather than executive in character. Thus, the governmental executive lives in an environment which is as much "legislative" as "executive." However, by training and professional orientation that official perceives that legislative process as confusing, irrational and contradictory. The result is threefold. First, the role of the legislature in executive activities is downplayed. Second, the political powers of the executive agencies are marshalled to thwart what is regarded as unnecessary and inappropriate intrusion. Third, and most important, the role of agency politics is misunderstood because the administrator's concept of politics is shaped by the caricatures and misleading views developed during the period when the politics-administration dichotomy was the dominant view.

Huntington's comments deserve more consideration. This paper suggests a framework by which to yield lessons for practice based upon Huntington's perspective. The legislative process should not be examined because it is different, but precisely because aspects are so similar. Further, in examining the legislative decision process and administration, those who have sought change from the rigid adherence to "bureaucratic norms" should find support for alternative styles. Politics, as played out in the legislative organization, incorporates many of the elements required for successful management. Further, factors not suggested there, such as an altered understanding of communication and the inclusion of multiple perspectives, promote management. Concepts such as consensus, value judgment and expertise carry a different connotation in the legislative arena. By accepting those connotations the executive can begin to recognize the legislative element in his/her decision-making.
Local Government Constitutions: A Different View of Metropolitan Governance
Authors: Oakerson Ronald J. , Parks Roger B.
Published: March 2007

Metropolitan governance in most metropolitan areas of the United States can best be understood by reference to the concept of a "local government constitution." A local government constitution is framed by choices made at two levels: 1) an enabling level composed of state constitutional and statutory provisions that local citizens and public officials may use to create and modify local governments, and 2) a chartering level that determines the specific charter of a local government through citizen action. The rules of a local government constitution include those of association, boundary adjustment, fiscal rules, and rules governing interjurisdictional arrangements. Citizens and their officials can and do use these constitutional rules to construct over time complex local public economies that tend to exhibit strong patterns of citizen governance. Recognition of these phenomena yields a different view of local governments from that of "creatures of the state," as articulated by Judge John Dillon in his 1868 decisions.