bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance in a Hairy Vetch Collection
Authors: Wiering Nicholas P. , Flavin Claire , Sheaffer Craig C. , Heineck Garett C. , Sadok Walid , Ehlke Nancy J.
Published: June 2018

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a winter‐annual legume that is grown as a cover crop and for forage. Although more winter tolerant than most leguminous winter annuals, it does not reliably overwinter in the upper Midwestern United States. Our objectives were to screen a collection of accessions for winter hardiness and develop a screening method for freezing tolerance in a controlled setting. We evaluated 30 accessions (commercial germplasm and breeding populations) in multiple Minnesota environments. Average winter survival among accessions ranged from 13 to 73% and resembled a bimodal distribution, where two distinct phenotypic groupings were apparent. Commercial VNS (variety‐not‐stated) accessions were found to be highly variable for winter survival. Seed derived from Minnesota was generally winter hardy (>65% survival), and seed from Oregon was not (<39%). Due to large variation among and within field environments, a method of controlled freezing was developed to supplement winter hardiness evaluations. No differences in freezing tolerance were found among accessions without cold acclimation. However, large differences in freezing tolerance occurred when plants were first grown for 2 wk in greenhouse conditions (22°C, 16‐h photoperiod) and then cold acclimated for 4 wk (3°C, 10‐h photoperiod). Lethal temperatures were determined from six 24‐h programmed freezing treatments, where treatment temperatures ranged from −13 to −21°C. Accessions differed significantly for freezing tolerance, with median lethal temperature values ranging from −8.4 to −16.0°C. This method of controlled freezing correlated highly with winter survival in field evaluations (ρ = 0.77).
Financial mechanism of state land regulation in Ukraine
Authors: Frolov Serhiy , Pedchenko Nataliya , Vygovska Nataliya
Published: June 2018

The paper is devoted to research of existing variants of land reform in Ukraine towards cancelling the moratorium on the sale-purchase of agricultural lands. The authors prove that the financial function of the land is realized insufficiently, which is connected with the absence of open land market and ineffective functioning of state land regulation financial mechanism. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the directions of state land regulation in Ukraine on the basis of evaluating the economic effect of cancelling the moratorium on the sale-purchase of agricultural lands. The authors analyzed three most likely variants of land reform at the current stage of Ukraine’s economy development, and calculated economic effect from its implementation. Based on the calculations, conclusion is made about the feasibility of gradually cancelling the moratorium, which corresponds to third variant under study, which is offered to be implemented in two stages: 1) sale of state and community lands; 2) sale of private lands. Economic effect of implementing such a variant, calculated by the authors, gives a possibility to create additional annual cash flow to local budgets in the amount of 68-83 %, which is more than the revenue of other variants described in the paper. It is proven that for possibility to put the variant offered into practice, it is necessary to observe some prerequisites (organizational, financial, legal and regulatory), valuation of which enabled to offer the directions to improve state land regulation, the realization of which would favor the full functioning of agricultural land market.
Use of causal analysis to improve the monitoring of the banking system stability
Authors: Kolodiziev Oleh , Chmutova Iryna , Lesik Vitaliy
Published: June 2018

According to the stages of the banking system stability monitoring, the analysis of caus¬al links is used to identify the causes of the crisis trends spreading and the rationale for the most effective levers of regulatory influence on the banking system parameters by the central bank.The research is based on the use of the canonical correlation method for structuring causal links between the indicators for the assessment of the banking system stability, which are grouped into four sub-indices (assessing the intensity of credit and financial interaction in the interbank market, the effectiveness of the banking system functions, structural changes and financial disproportions in the banking system, activities of systemically important banks); the method of regression analysis and the calculation of elasticity coefficients is also used to assess the sensitivity of the banking system stability to changes in parameters that characterize the banking regulation instruments.The article analyzes the results of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the banking system stability (comparison of actual results of the evaluation with the data for previous years and comparison of values of stability indicators with critical values). The causes of detected deviations are determined taking into account the results of applying the canonical correlations method. Regression models have been constructed to confirm the dependence of the banking system stability index on the change in parameters that characterize banking regulation instruments, and to determine the most effective of them. Practical testing of submitted proposals is realized based on the Ukrainian banking system indicators for 2007–2016.
Company characteristics and risk management disclosure: empirical study of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange
Authors: Bemby Soebyakto Bambang , Mukhtaruddin  , Relasari  , Sinulingga Alfianto
Published: June 2018

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of company characteritics on risk management disclosure (RMD) from the annual reports of manufacturing companies. The sample consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2010–2012. The total sample included 72 companies with three years observation and the examined firms reached 216. Results indicate that independent variables (firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership, management ownership, and business complexity) have a significant effect on RMD. However, the hypotheses test with partial t-test indicate different results. Firm size (FS) and management ownership (MO) have significant effects, whereas leverage (LEV) has a negative and significant effect on RMD. Other variables, namely profitability (PRO), public ownership (PO), and business complexity (BC), have no significant effect on RMD.
Different Targeting Strategies for Treating Breast Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Irshad Iram , Varamini Pegah
Published: June 2018

Background:

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Breast
cancer tends to metastasize to bone. Around 70% of the breast cancer patients eventually develop bone metastasis.
After the bone invasion, metastatic cells disrupt the balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities,
leading to skeletal complications, characterized by pain and pathological fractures and hence worsening the patient's
quality of life. Once tumor invades the bone, it is hard to treat it with, the so-far available treatments options
(e.g. bisphosphonates and denosumab). Bone metastasis should be essentially controlled, in cancer treatment
and there is a strong need to explore new, more efficient therapeutic targets. This review discusses the bone
physiological processes and the recent advances in exploring different pathways involved in bone metastasis.
Furthermore, some novel treatment options, which are under preclinical and clinical investigations, are highlighted.

Conclusion:

A deeper understanding of these metastatic pathways can provide oncology researchers with novel
avenues for treating bone metastasis, one of the main challenges to cure breast cancer. The restoration of healthy
bone environment will not only improve the patient's quality of life but also reduces the tumor burden.
Suicide Risk in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Exploration of Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Albert Umberto , De Ronchi Diana , Maina Giuseppe , Pompili Maurizio
Published: June 2018

Background:

Historically, OCD has been considered to be associated with a relatively low risk of suicide. Recent studies, on the contrary, revealed a significant association between OCD and suicide attempts and ideation. A huge variation in prevalence rates, however, is reported.

Objective:

To estimate prevalence rates of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in individuals with OCD, and to identify predictors of suicide risk among subjects with OCD.

Methods:

We systematically reviewed the literature on suicide risk (ideation and/or attempts) and OCD. We included studies with appropriate definition of OCD, cross-sectional or prospective design, separating clinical samples from epidemiological studies, that employed a quantitative measure of suicidality and/or reported an outcome measure of the association between suicidality and OCD or examined factors associated with suicidality.

Results:

In clinical samples, the mean rate of lifetime suicide attempts is 14.2% (31 studies: range 6- 51.7%). Suicidal ideation is referred by 26.3-73.5% of individuals (17 studies, mean 44.1%); current suicidal ideation rate ranges between 6.4 and 75% (13 studies, mean 25.9). Epidemiological studies found that OCD increases significantly the odds of having a lifetime suicidal ideation as compared to the general population (OR: 1.9-10.3) and a history of lifetime suicide attempts (OR: 1.6- 9.9). Predictors of greater suicide risk are severity of OCD, the symptom dimension of unacceptable thoughts, comorbid Axis I disorders, severity of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, past history of suicidality and some emotion-cognitive factors such as alexithymia and hopelessness.

Conclusion:

Overall, suicidality appears a relevant phenomenon in OCD.
Cognitive Impact of Cerebellar Damage: Is There a Future for Cognitive Rehabilitation?
Authors: van Dun Kim , Overwalle Frank V. , Manto Mario , Marien Peter
Published: June 2018

Background & Objective: During the past 3 decades, numerous neurophysiological, neuroimaging,
experimental and clinical studies have evidenced a crucial role for the cerebellum in cognitive,
affective and behavioral functions. As a result of the acknowledged modulatory role of the cerebellum
upon remote structures such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellar injury may give rise to a constellation
of behavioral, affective and cognitive symptoms (Schmahmann's Syndrome). In sharp contrast
to the wide range of therapeutic interventions to treat cognitive and affective disorders following cerebral
cortical lesions and despite the consequences of Schmahmann’s syndrome upon daily life activities,
the literature is surprisingly only scantly documented with studies investigating the impact of
cognitive therapies on cerebellar induced cognitive and affective disorders. This survey aims to present
an overview of the therapeutic interventions available in the literature as a possible treatment for
Schmahmann’s Syndrome after cerebellar injury, after posterior fossa surgery in children, and in children
with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although systematical studies are clearly warranted, available
evidence suggests that cerebellar-induced cognitive and affective disorders should be treated in a
specific way. Approaches where the patients are explicitly made aware of their deficits and are considered
to act as an “external cerebellum” are the most promising.

Conclusion:

The study of the anatomical connectivity of the cerebellar microcomplexes involved in
cognitive/affective deficits is likely to play a major-role in the future.
Излучательная рекомбинация, захват носителей заряда на ловушки и релаксация фототока в PbSnTe : In с составом вблизи инверсии зон
Authors: Ищенко Д.В. , Неизвестный И.Г.
Published: June 2018

AbstractBased on the notions that PbSnTe:In is a direct-gap semiconductor, the radiative-recombination lifetime is calculated, and the photocurrent relaxation and dependences of the instantaneous electron and hole lifetime are calculated under the assumption that PbSnTe:In is a disordered structure containing capture centers. These calculations explain such experimentally observed peculiarities of PbSnTe:In as a high photosensitivity in a wide wavelength range, pinning of the Fermi level, and long-term photocurrent relaxation. Calculations are also compared with experimental data and the possible parameters of photodetectors are evaluated.
Фотолюминесцентные свойства нанородов ZnO, синтезированных различными методами
Authors: Курбанов С.С. , Уролов Ш.З. , Шаймарданов З.Ш. , Чо Х.Д. , Канг Т.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized by the low-temperature hydrothermal and high-temperature vapor-phase methods are studied. At room temperature, the photoluminescence of ZnO nanorods synthesized by the high-temperature vapor-phase method exhibits only one highintensity ultraviolet peak at a wavelength of 382 nm. At the same time, the luminescence spectra of ZnO nanorod samples grown by the low-temperature hydrothermal method, but with the use of different chemical reagents exhibit, apart from the ultraviolet peak, a violet band or a yellow-orange band at ~401 and ~574 nm, respectively. The violet luminescence band is attributed to defects or zinc vacancy complexes, and the yellow-orange band to defects associated with interstitial oxygen.
Теплоемкость и тепловое расширение нанокомпозитов триглицинсульфат-пористое стекло
Authors: Михалева Е.А. , Флёров И.Н. , Карташев А.В. , Горев М.В. , Коротков Л.Н. , Rysiakiewicz-Pasek E. , Молокеев М.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effect of restricted geometry on specific heat capacity and thermal expansion of the triglycine sulfate (TGS)–borosilicate glass composites have been studied first. A decrease in the entropy and temperature of the P 2_1 ↔ P 2_1/ m phase transition in the TGS component with decreasing the glass matrix pore diameter at the invariable specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient has been observed. The estimates are indicative of the minor effect of internal pressure on the TGS pressure coefficient dT _ C / dp in the composites.
Эффект формы при расслаивании твердых растворов в малом объеме на примере сплава Bi--Sb
Authors: Федосеев В.Б. , Шишулин А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe regularities of the effect of the shape of interphase boundaries in small volume systems on the separation of solutions with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) are described by the example of Bi–Sb alloy particles with a core–shell configuration. The change in the shape of interphase boundaries is simulated in general by introducing a parameter corresponding to the degree of deviation of the shape of the boundaries from the spherical one. An analysis of the extrema of the Gibbs function revealed regularities in the effect of the shape of the core and shell phases on phase equilibria, the thermodynamic stability of heterogeneous states, and the phase separation diagram. The deviation of the shape of the interphase boundaries from the spherical shape changes the UCST and the mutual solubility of the components. The deformation of the shell of a core–shell particle increases the thermodynamic stability of the heterogeneous state, which contributes to the separation of the solution. The deformation of the core lowers the thermodynamic stability of the heterogeneous state and expands the range of metastable states.
Электронно-дифракционное изучение структуры эпитаксиального графена, выращенного методом термодеструкции 6H- и 4H-SiC (0001) в вакууме
Authors: Котоусова И.С. , Лебедев С.П. , Лебедев А.А. , Булат П.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe method of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is used for studying the structure of graphene layers formed on the surface of the Si-face of conductive and semi-insulating 6 H - and 4 H -SiC(0001) substrates by thermal desorption of Si atoms in high vacuum, depending on the temperature and time of sublimating Si atoms as well as depending on the method of preprocessing the substrate surface. Diffraction patterns are recorded in the $$[\bar 12\bar 10]$$ [ 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 ] and $$[1\bar 100]$$ [ 1 1 ¯ 00 ] crystallographic directions of the substrates. It is found that in all experiments the formation of graphene layers occurs with a rotation of the graphene crystal lattice by 30° relative to the SiC lattice.
Влияние дозы имплантации ионов азота на концентрацию точечных дефектов, введенных в слои GaAs
Authors: Соболев Н.А. , Бер Б.Я. , Казанцев Д.Ю. , Калядин А.Е. , Карабешкин К.В. , Микушкин В.М. , Сахаров В.И. , Серенков И.Т. , Шек Е.И. , Шерстнев Е.В. , Шмидт Н.М.
Published: June 2018

AbstractSecondary-ion mass spectrometry and Rutherford proton backscattering have been used to measure the concentration profiles of nitrogen atoms and examine the defect structure of epitaxial GaAs layers implanted with 250-keV N^+ ions at doses of 5 × 10^14–5 × 10^16 cm^–2. It was found that no amorphization of the layers being implanted occurs at doses exceeding the calculated amorphization threshold, a concentration of point defects that is formed is substantially lower than the calculated value, and a characteristic specific feature of the defect concentration profiles is the high defect concentration in the surface layer.
Влияние ультрафиолетовой засветки и влажности на спектры фотолюминесценции оксида цинка
Authors: Абдуллин Х.А. , Габдуллин М.Т. , Кудряшов В.В. , Кумеков С.Е. , Саитова Н.К.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe structure and electrical and luminescent properties of arrays of zinc-oxide nanorods grown by the hydrothermal method are studied. It was found that the exposure of samples to ultraviolet light or the presence of water vapor in a gaseous atmosphere significantly change the photoluminescence spectra. The exposure of samples leads to a substantial increase in intrinsic photoluminescence and a decrease in impurity photoluminescence. The presence of water vapor leads to the opposite effect. It is shown that the observed effects are caused by the change in the surface-band bending and the thickness of the depletion region.
Сопряжение координатно-чувствительного детектора на основе приборов с зарядовой связью для регистрации ионов с портативным статическим масс-спектрографом
Authors: Коган В.Т. , Чичагов Ю.В. , Богданов А.А. , Антонов А.С. , Тубольцев Ю.В. , Аруев Н.Н. , Лебедев Д.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn IDS 2030 IonCCD coordinate-sensitive detector (Analytical/CMS Field Products) is interfaced with a small-sized mass spectrograph developed at the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The measurement data obtained with the mass spectrograph using an IonCCD detector and a Magnum-5901-37029PS channel secondary electron multiplier (Photonics USA Inc., United States) are compared. The results of measurements are discussed, and the prospects for using the IonCCD coupled with a microchannel plate are assessed.
Использование многоканальных лазерных комплексов для создания некогерентной накачки в комптоновских лазерах на свободных электронах рентгеновского диапазона
Authors: Гинзбург Н.С. , Кочаровская Е.Р. , Вилков М.Н. , Сергеев А.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is used that there is great potential in the use of multichannel laser complexes for incoherent pumping of X-ray Compton free-electron lasers based on stimulated wave backscattering on high-current moderately relativistic electron beam. The relative width of the pump spectrum must be comparable with that of the energy spectrum of the electron beam, which ensures involvement of a significant fraction of particles into the scattering process and, hence, high efficiency of their kinetic energy conversion into X-ray radiation.
Метод диффузии цинка в InP через узкий зазор с использованием планарного источника на основе Zn-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-P-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Петрушков М.О. , Путято М.А. , Чистохин И.Б. , Семягин Б.Р. , Емельянов Е.А. , Есин М.Ю. , Гаврилова Т.А. , Васев А.В. , Преображенский В.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn original technology of zinc diffusion into InP via a narrow gap is described, which allows reproducible formation of p–n junctions with preset depth of doping and retained surface morphology of the doped layers. Using the proposed method, desired charge carrier distribution profiles in Zn-doped InP layers were obtained. It has been experimentally confirmed that the method of cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy allows to precision measure of the zinc diffusion depth.
Evaluation on the performance of single and dual frequency low cost GPS module observation using geodetic antenna
Authors: Atunggal Dedi , Ma'ruf Bilal , Sunantyo T Aris , Rokhmana Catur Aries
Published: June 2018

GPS modules have been used for various applications in recent years. Its early development came in parallel with the advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology. Nowadays, it is also used in in geographic information system (GIS) data acquisition/census, mapping surveys, structure stability monitoring systems and many other applications. GPS modules generally have several positioning features, including standard positioning service (SPS), static positioning, precise point positioning (PPP), post processing kinematic (PPK) and real time kinematic (RTK) GPS. GPS modules in general are only equipped with a microstrip-type antenna or better known as patch antenna. Results from related research show that GPS module with this type of antenna has sub meter accuracy when used for PPK or RTK GPS method. The use of geodetic antennas is very potential to increase GPS position accuracy by up to centimeter level. This paper discusses the evaluation of GPS module measurements with geodetic type antennas for precise positioning using RTK GPS. This paper is focused on the resolution of GPS cycle ambiguity that is often expressed by the term fixing ratio and the accuracy of measurement results obtained. To provide a comprehensive description of the performance of GPS module, in this research two types of GPS module were used; single and dual frequency. Both types of GPS modules were used to conduct simultaneous observation on an open and obstructed observation location.
Antipyretic Effects of Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Dexibuprofen in Children
- From Self-Reported Data Collected by Children Fever-Managing Mobile Healthcare Application (Preprint)
Authors: CHOI JIYUN , Chang Seyun , Ahn Jong Gyun
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Acetaminophen(AA), ibuprofen(IBU) and dexibuprofen(DEX) are most mainly used antipyretics, especially for children. FeverCoach is a mobile healthcare application, which provides parents with guidelines for determining their child’s health condition, according to body temperature. A significant number of body temperature measurement records and antipyretics treatment records has been stored in the application.

OBJECTIVE

We compared the fever-reducing efficacy of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and dexibuprofen according to data collected from the mobile healthcare application FeverCoach.

METHODS

Data were collected using the mobile healthcare application FeverCoach. We analyzed body temperature data according to time passed after taking one of three different types of antipyretics (AA, IBU, and DEX) using the one-way ANOVA test followed by a post-hoc analysis. A multivariate linear model was used to further analyze the average body temperature differences, calibrating for the influences of age, weight, and sex.

RESULTS

Children who took IBU had average body temperatures that were 0.18°C (0.17–0.19ºC), 0.25ºC (0.24–0.26°C), and 0.18ºC (0.17–0.20°C) lower at time intervals of 1–2 hours, 2–3 hours, and 3–4 hours, respectively, than the average body temperature of children who took AA; these differences were statistically significant. Similarly, children who took DEX had average body temperatures that were 0.24ºC (0.24–0.25°C), 0.28ºC (0.27–0.29°C), and 0.12ºC (0.10–0.13°C) lower at time intervals of 1–2 hours, 2–3 hours, and 3–4 hours, respectively, than the average body temperature of children who took AA. The differences between the average body temperatures of children who took IBU and those of children who took DEX were less than 0.1°C at every time interval except the 4–5-hour time interval.

CONCLUSIONS

IBU and DEX are more effective for reducing body temperature than AA. IBU and DEX had similar reducing effects, which may because they share a mechanism for reducing body temperature.
Understanding the connection between parental self-efficacy and child nutrition, activity, and weight (Preprint)
Authors: Woods Tanna , Nies Mary
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Concern over childhood obesity has driven research to focus on prevention and intervention strategies to curb the epidemic. Parental factors like efficacy have gained attention as this concept is grounded in behavioral change research. Studies have linked self-efficacy to improved child health behaviors like eating a more nutritious diet and engaging increased physical activity. This leads to a need to examine parental efficacy literature to examine its relationship to childhood obesity.

OBJECTIVE

This review sought to understand how parental self-efficacy has been described in the literature, what scales have been used to measure it, and if it is linked to improvements in child weight or health outcomes.

METHODS

Six databases including the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, CINAHL, PubMed, Psychinfo, EBSCOhost, and Onesearch were searched for original research studies examining parental self-efficacy and child health measures like diet, activity, or weight.

RESULTS

Only 16 articles were found that met criteria. This limited research did showcase that higher parental self-efficacy levels are linked to positive effects, especially regarding improved child diet. There is also evidence of an inverse relationship between higher self-efficacy and lower child weights and higher self-efficacy and improved child activity levels, though this was not uniformly found. This review also showcased significant variance in how self-efficacy is measured and how it is used within studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Connections between parental self-efficacy and child healthy behaviors has been established in multiple studies. However, this remains an under-examined area that needs further study to understand how it can be used to improve interventions.
Perfectionism in and its association with academic performance in medical students Studying at Iran University of Medical Sciences (Preprint)
Authors: Fata Ladan , Bigdeli Shoaleh , Nahardani Seyedeh Zahra , Keshavarzi , Mohammad Hasan , Keshavarzi , Mohammad Hasan
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Perfectionism is a personality dimension of everyone. A perfectionist strives for excellence and sets high standards for his performance. Perfectionism can be classified into adaptive or maladaptive patterns, which affects academic performance.

OBJECTIVE

In this study perfectionism is compared between medical students of basic sciences and internship period and its association with their academic performance is investigated

METHODS

The Persian translated version of Hill perfectionism questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of this version were confirmed in Jamshidi et al study, which was frequently used in various Iranian studies. In this study the questionnaire has been administered to two groups of medical students (basic sciences students and interns) of Iran University of Medical Sciences (n=49). In addition, the correlation of total Grade Point Average (GPA) of students with perfectionism dimensions was evaluated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to analyze the normality of data distribution, Mann-Whiney U test was used for between-group comparison of non-parametric data and student t-test was applied to analyze parametric data. Further, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze the correlation between variables. P value was considered significant (P<0.05).

RESULTS

The basic sciences students had a higher total mean score of perfectionism than the interns (193.4±26.5 vs. 178.1±24.2, p=0.000). The adaptive perfectionism rate was higher in the basic sciences group (p=0.000), but it showed no significant difference with that of the interns. Regarding perfectionism domains, the scores of striving for excellence, purposefulness and need for approval were higher in basic sciences group (p=0.00), and there was no significant difference between the groups in other domains. Maladaptive perfectionism had an inverse correlation with GPA (p=0.01, r=-0.3) and there was no correlation with adaptive perfectionism and gender.

CONCLUSIONS

The study findings showed that positive perfectionism was higher in basic sciences students, and maladaptive perfectionism was correlated with a drop in GPA in both groups.
External Morphology, Oral Structure and Feeding Behaviour of Kaloula pulchra TADPOLES Gray, 1831 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796 004, Mizoram, India, Lalremsanga H.T. , Sailo Saipari ,   Central Zone Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur–482 002, Madhya Pradesh, India, Hooroo R.N.K. ,   Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong–793 022, Meghalaya, India
Published: June 2018

The external morphology and oral structure of various developmental stages in relation to feeding behaviour of Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831 (Amphibia: Microhylidae) were studied with the help of light microscopyand scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Light and scanning electron micrographs revealed that the oral apparatus at different larval stages are devoid of jaw sheath, labial teeth and keratodonts, instead they have a terminally-oriented, as opposed to an antero-ventrally oriented mouth (umbelliform) known as semicircular labial flap. These features illustrate that the tadpoles within the family Microhylidae could be attributed to assistance in clarifying a certain taxonomic treatment in this family. Observation on the present results showed that tadpoles of Kaloula pulchra are nektonic suspension feeders and started feeding from stage 25 onwards. During the early stages of feeding, they feed mostly on detritus and plant materials and during the later stages of feeding they consumed both phytoplankton and zooplankton. At stage 42, the tadpole stopped feeding and the mouth part is degenerated and gradually transformed in to adult mouth. The preference of Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae in the food habits of this explosive breeding species may be due to the common available food items in their microhabitat that enhanced the faster developmental rate within a short duration.
Comparison of Food Preference and Nutrients in Captive Stumptailed Macaques of Different Sexes
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, Lalremruati Phoebe , zeli Zirsang , diki Lalruat , Solanki G.S.
Published: June 2018

It is important that the food provided to animals should contain all the essential nutrients required for the growth and development of animals. This experiment was planned to generate the information to understand the food selection and nutrients available in the food of captive stump tailed macaques in the Zoo. The study aimed to assess spontaneous food preferences and its relation with nutrient availability in the food items by animals of the study group. The study was conducted at Aizawl Zoological Park where three individuals each of captive adult males, dry females and lactating females of stump tailed macaques were repeatedly presented (n=10) with all possible binary combinations of 7 types of food that are part of the monkey’s diet in captivity using 2-alternative choice test. Experiment for the choice of food item was performed at 900, 1200, and 1500 hour, across a day. The rank of preference for the food items across the day was uniform (p>0.05).Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between the food preference ranking and the unsaturated fatty acid content and vitamin K content of the food (p<0.05), in case of adult males. There is also a significant correlation between food preference and protein content and unsaturated fatty acid content in dry females. A significant correlation between food preference and the content of lipids and magnesium was found in lactating females.
Retos institucionales para la regeneración de las economías locales en regiones periféricas. ¿Qué podemos aprender de dos casos de construcción de cadenas de valor de agro-exportación?
Authors: Helmsing A.H.J. (Bert)
Published: June 2018

Cuando se busca una paz nacional sostenible en las regiones, surgen ciertos retos. Este artículo se dirige a retos institucionales importantes para la construcción/adaptación de nuevas instituciones económicas centralmente definidas, en el ámbito local. El objetivo es analizar cómo actores locales enfrentan estos cambios inducidos desde arriba y experimentan con nuevos arreglos institucionales, construidos localmente. Aunque faltan avances teóricos sobre esta temática, se presentan dos casos de construcción de una cadena de valor de agro-exportación, uno de Perú y otro de Uganda, con el fin de generar nuevos conocimientos empíricos de cómo se construyen instituciones para el desarrollo económico local.
Los Humedales de la Quebrada Estero en San Ramón, Costa Rica: importancia y estado actual.
Authors: Rodríguez-Arias Cindy Elena , Silva Benavides Ana Margarita
Published: June 2018

Los humedales de la microcuenca alta de la Quebrada Estero, en San Ramón, Costa Rica, son considerados una prioridad de conservación por su representatividad y ubicación que los hace únicos en su tipo. Por eso se planteó el objetivo de conocer su importancia y estado actual para que esta información sirva de base para su recuperación y conservación. Se llevó a cabo la identificación de los servicios ecosistémicos y de las amenazas e impactos que tienen las actividades humanas en ellos mediante visitas de campo, análisis de uso del suelo, revisión de información secundaria y consulta a actores clave. Los servicios ecosistémicos son el reabastecimiento de aguas subterráneas, depuración del agua, control biológico, control de inundaciones, protección de suelos y sedimentos, adaptación al cambio climático, mantenimiento de la cadena trófica, hábitat para la flora y fauna, provisión de agua para actividades agrícolas y domésticas, alimento para ganado, recursos genéticos y son un elemento importante del patrimonio cultural y natural de San Ramón. Por otro lado, están amenazados por la rápida urbanización que provoca contaminación del agua por fuentes domésticas, proliferación de especies invasoras, pérdida del hábitat acuático, rellenos, invasión de las zonas de protección, eutrofización y colmatación de los embalses y disminución de su capacidad para mitigar inundaciones. Por lo tanto, debido al estado de degradación y ante la falta de un ecosistema de referencia o información ecológica previa a la degradación, se recomienda llevar a cabo acciones de rehabilitación ecológica para recuperar y conservar los servicios ecosistémicos que brindan.
Elastomers based on NR/BR/SBR ternary rubber blend: Morphological, mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Jovanovic Slavisa , Jovanovic Vojislav , Markovic Gordana , Samarzija-Jovanovic Suzana , Milicevic Zoran , Marinovic-Cincovic Milena , Budinski-Simendic Jaroslava
Published: June 2018

The elastomeric materials based on NR/BR/SBR ternary rubber blend were investigated. The polyisoprene (NR), butadiene (BR) and styrene butadiene (SBR) rubbers were used as network precursors and carbon black (CB) as an active filler (60 phr) for elastomeric materials preparation. For sample preparation, the mass ratio of NR to BR was constant, 1:1, but the SBR content was varied from 0 to 80 phr. The morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of prepared elastomeric materials were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical tensile measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical properties were assessed before and after thermooxidative aging during 168 h at 100 ?C. The values of tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness decrease up to 40 phr of SBR content and after that are increasing, but abrasion resistance of ternary rubber blends increases. ?he thermal decomposition temperature obviously shifted to a higher temperature for the sample with 40 phr of SBR.
Identification of Novel Urinary Biomarkers for Predicting Renal Prognosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes by Glycan Profiling in a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study: U-CARE Study 1
Authors: Mise Koki , Imamura Mariko , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Teshigawara Sanae , Tone Atsuhito , Uchida Haruhito A. , Eguchi Jun , Nakatsuka Atsuko , Ogawa Daisuke , Yoshida Michihiro , Yamada Masao , Shikata Kenichi , Wada Jun
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Because quantifying glycans with complex structures is technically challenging, little is known about the association of glycosylation profiles with the renal prognosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In 675 patients with type 2 diabetes, we assessed the baseline urinary glycan signals binding to 45 lectins with different specificities. The end point was a decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by ≥30% from baseline or dialysis for end-stage renal disease.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 63 patients reached the end point. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that urinary levels of glycans binding to six lectins were significantly associated with the outcome after adjustment for known indicators of DKD, although these urinary glycans, except that for DBA, were highly correlated with baseline albuminuria and eGFR. Hazard ratios for these lectins were (+1 SD for the glycan index) as follows: SNA (recognizing glycan Siaα2-6Gal/GalNAc), 1.42 (95% CI 1.14–1.76); RCA120 (Galβ4GlcNAc), 1.28 (1.01–1.64); DBA (GalNAcα3GalNAc), 0.80 (0.64–0.997); ABA (Galβ3GalNAc), 1.29 (1.02–1.64); Jacalin (Galβ3GalNAc), 1.30 (1.02–1.67); and ACA (Galβ3GalNAc), 1.32 (1.04–1.67). Adding these glycan indexes to a model containing known indicators of progression improved prediction of the outcome (net reclassification improvement increased by 0.51 [0.22–0.80], relative integrated discrimination improvement increased by 0.18 [0.01–0.35], and the Akaike information criterion decreased from 296 to 287).

CONCLUSIONS

The urinary glycan profile identified in this study may be useful for predicting renal prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additional investigation of glycosylation changes and urinary glycan excretion in DKD is needed.
Single pass laser cold-wire welding of thick section AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy
Authors: Mirakhorli F. , Nadeau F. , Guillemette G. C.
Published: June 2018

Extending applications of thick section aluminum alloy plates in various industrial market segments such as ground transportation, railcar, and aerospace necessitates the development of advanced welding technologies to ensure high integrity welds for a successful joining of components. Conventional arc welding processes of thick aluminum plates are associated with large groove preparation, multi-pass welding, and high heat input. Therefore, developing high energy density process, such as laser welding for joining of thick aluminum plates, can increase weld penetration depth and production rate, while reducing the heat input and eliminating large groove preparation. In the present work, single pass laser cold-wire welding of 4.8 mm thick AA6061-T6 aluminum plates was carried out in the butt joint configuration using a disk laser with a maximum output power of 10 kW. The effect of laser welding parameters such as welding speed, continuous-wave (CW) and pulse-wave (PW) modes on weld integrity, microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties was evaluated. Porosity, underfill, and excessive penetration were observed as the main imperfections in the fusion zone (FZ). However, the underfill depth and excessive penetration height in the joints manufactured at different welding conditions met the specifications of ISO 13919 standard which sets production guidelines. Increasing the welding speed from 3 to 4.5 m/min leads to less porosity, as detected by radiography, possibly due to the stability of the keyhole at a higher welding speed. Less softening in the fusion zone was observed in PW mode compared to CW mode welds which can be due to less specific point energy in PW mode and consequently less metal evaporation from FZ during laser welding. The transverse tensile test was also performed and fracture surface analysis indicated the fracture path outside the fusion zone close to the fusion line.
Routinely Identifying frailty: Implementing the electronic Frailty Index in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Akbari Ashley , Rodgers Sarah , Clegg Andrew
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAging populations with increasing frailty have major implications for health services, and evidence-based treatment becomes increasingly important. The development of the electronic Frailty Index (eFI) using routine primary care data facilitatesthe implementation of evidence-based interventions and care.

MethodOur implementation of the eFI in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank identifies frailty based on 1574 Read codes, which are mapped amongst 36 categories known as deficits. The eFI is based on a cumulative deficitmodel, and each deficit contributes equally to the eFI value.

FindingsAlthough each deficit is equally weighted, only one is currently time dependent. We therefore analysed the cumulative prevalence of each deficit on a year-by-year basis. This led to the identification of time bounds for particular deficits, which willhelp to refine future implementations of the eFI. We also further validated the eFI using data from over 400,000 individuals held in SAIL.

ConclusionThe eFI is particularly useful as it uses existing data to identify frailty, meaning no additional resources are required. Furthermore, our implementation is readily available, meaning that future research related to frailty is easily achievable by others.
A method for Linking Multiple De-identified Datasets
Authors: Waugh Andrew , Rowley David , Clarke Auren
Published: June 2018

BackgroundNational Statistics Institutes have been exploring the value of using administrative data. The Administrative Data Team within the Scotland’s Census 2021 Programme are exploring bringing administrative datasets together to support the censusand produce alternative population estimates.

ObjectivesWe are developing methods to link de-identified administrative datasets, drawing on existing methods.

MethodsOur method uses hashed linking variables, derived from name, address, date of birth and gender. One linking variable is a names correction, produced by comparing names to each name in a reference set and scoring the difference. The scoring algorithm developed considers transpositions, deletions, insertions, substitutions and moves, and is sensitive to the particular letters involved.

Linking variables are combined at run time to produce thousands of matchkeys, allowing more matches to be linked deterministically using hashed data. Overall link strength scores are calculated as a combination of:

Penalties associated with the matchkey, based on the linking variables used, and

Similarity on dates of birth, measured at run time using weighted Bloom Filters.

We concatenate all the datasets and link the resulting dataset to itself. This allows simultaneous linking across all datasets and resolution of duplicate records within each dataset. This results in potentially complex patterns of links. By considering the records and links as a graph we allocaterecords to unique individuals through a vertex colouring algorithm on the complement of each component. The link strength is considered to prioritize allocation.

FindingsClerical review on links made found that those with stronger scores were more likely to be considered a match.

ConclusionsThis linking method is being used and tested further in linking admin datasets for population estimates. We also plan to use it for several linking tasks in the processing of Scotland’s Census 2021.
Understanding the linking possibilities in Scottish Records and an algorithmic approach to full linkage
Authors: Dearle Alan , Kirby Graham , Williamson Lee , Dibben Chris
Published: June 2018

In this paper we systematically analyse all of the linkage possibilities that may be formed using Scottish birth, death and marriage records. We distinguish entity linkage, in which a single individual is identified as appearing in two records, and relationship linkage in which relationships between the individuals appearing on records are established. We identify a subset of the linkages that are possible which we call strong linkage opportunities in which links are established using many fields. Using multiple strong linkage opportunities and the relationships between different actors on the records we show how linkage confidence may be increased. Finally we demonstrate how these links may be combined to perform full linkage over the Scottish records being digitised in the Digitising Scotland project.
Cohort study of osteoporosis and fracture risk in Wales: does secondary prevention achieve any benefit?
Authors: North Laura , Davies Llion , Berridge Damon , Walters Angharad , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Ronan
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a global disease with a 30-40% lifetime fracture risk according to the World Health Organisation. Incidence is rising with aging populations; however, medical secondary prevention treatment may reduce fracture risk.

ObjectivesThe primary aim was to investigate if secondary medical prevention treatment following an index fracture was associated with survival and subsequent fracture risk.

MethodsPatients aged ≥60 years with an index fragility fracture at any anatomical location were identified from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. A population based e-cohort was created by linking fracture data identified from secondary care datasets and the National Hip Fracture Register data, with linkages to primary care datasets for medical prescription and Office for National Statistics records for mortality.

FindingsThe cohort comprised 81,252 cases between April 2009 and December 2016 of median age 78 years and 22,896 (28%) males. Medical secondary prevention treatment was received by 29,393 cases (36%). Subsequent fractures were reported for 10,907 cases (13%) and 29,026 cases (36%) died during the study period.

ConclusionsPreliminary findings identified that <50% of eligible patients receive secondary medical prevention treatment after an index fragility fracture. These findings may help inform and unify treatment pathways for those at risk of fragility fractures.