bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VESICAL DIVERTICULA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Mackellar Alasdair , Stephens F. Douglas
Published: January 2008

1. Twenty‐three patients with diverticula of the bladder were treated during an eight‐year period at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. In 13 patients, the diverticulaco‐existed with proven urethral obstruction. In 10 patients the diverticula were not associated with an obstructive factor. These 10 patients and their diverticula are described in this paper.

2. The aetiological factor responsible for the formation of the diverticula unassociated with obstruction of the urethra, is a localized developmental muscular defect of the bladder wall. The diverticulum itself is a protrusion caused by the normal ranges of intra‐vesical pressure exerted on the bladder wall in the course of normal function.

Two types of diverticula were identified‐the localized globular pocket with narrow neck, and the less common diffuse wide necked bulge of the lateral wall of the bladder.

3. The relationship between diverticula and the occurrence of vesico‐ureteral reflux is discussed. Reflux is related not to the proximity of the body of the diverticulum to the ureter wall nor to the size of the diverticulum but to the intimacy of their orifices.

4. The view is put forward that the anomaly of muscular development which results in diverticulum formation also involves the terminal ureter and is responsible for impairment of the intrinsic uretero‐vesical valve mechanism.

5. Orthodox techniques were used to repair the globular narrow neck type of diverticulum, but an overlapping repair was invoked for the wide neck variety.
CONGENITAL LOBAR EMPHYSEMA
Authors: Myers N. A.
Published: January 2008

1. A case of congenital lobar emphysema is described.

2. Attention is drawn to the fact that three clinical groups of this condition can be recognized.

3. Although a common aetiological factor has not yet been described, a cartilage deficiency in the bronchi has been demonstrated in many of the reported cases.

3. The possible surgical significance of breathlessness in babies is stressed.
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT†: SIGNIFICANCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Fleming H. A.
Published: January 2008

The clinical and physiological features of atrial septal defect are reviewed.

The prognosis for patients with this defect is quite limited and ideally repair should be carried out before adult life.

Associated anomalies that may occur are detailed and their assessment described.

Surgery restores the circulation to normal and gives symptomatic improvement. Improvement may also be noted by patients with no spontaneous complaints.
SARCOMA IN PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE
Authors: Barry Hugh C.
Published: January 2008

Although Paget's disease of bone is very common in the general population of New South Wales, sarcoma arising in bone affected by osteitis deformans is very rare and is considered to be less than 1 per cent.

Twenty‐nine cases of sarcoma of this type were found in the records of the four teaching hospitals in Sydney during the last ten years. Included in this series are 5 personal cases which are reported in more detail.

The commonest site of the primary malignant lesion was in the shoulder girdle (9 cases), a part of the skeleton not usually affected by Paget's disease in its early stages. Another striking feature was the development of multiple sarcomatous changes in bone and in six cases in this series these were noted in the skull.

Although several patients developed sarcoma after a definite history of injury and some were associated with fractures when first noted, it was not considered that there was sufficient evidence to indicate the effect of trauma in determining a malignant change. It was noted that only one case of sarcoma developed after a subtrochanteric fracture, the commonest site for fractures in patients with Paget's disease, and no case developed after surgical intervention.

In most cases where a biopsy or autopsy was made the tumour was described as an osteogenic sarcoma, but cases of fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were also found in this series. Amputation of the lower limb was carried out in 7 patients and one forequarter amputation was performed. Only one of these patients lived more than a year after operation. Deep X‐ray was given in 16 cases, but appeared to have no effect and most patients died within a few months. There were two exceptions: a man of 56 years with a sclerosing osteogenic sarcoma of the upper end of the humerus lived three years and eight months, and a woman of 60 years with X‐ray evidence of a pathological fracture and a soft tissue tumour lived seven and a half years.
CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND IN CHILDHOOD ITS RELATION TO RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Howard Russell
Published: January 2008

Attention is drawn to the relationship of irradiation of the thyroid gland in infancy and childhood to the subsequent development of carcinoma in this gland.

Supplemental information is furnished concerning two of the children suffering from carcinoma of the thyroid gland whose case histories were reported by Webster and Howard in this journal in 1954. It is suggested that irradiation is likely to have been implicated in their aetiology.

Record is made of a further case of carcinoma of the thyroid gland in childhood in whom irradiation of the neck preceded the development of malignancy.
PERFORATION OF THE COLON IN LARGE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION DUE TO CARCINOMA*
Authors: Russell Ian , Johnson Neil
Published: January 2008

Free perforation of the obstructed colon due to carcinoma has, not without reason; a sinister reputation.

With the aid of modern methods of resuscitation and antibiotics, recovery from this catastrophe is possible.

In order to ascertain the results of various methods of surgical management 34 cases were surveyed.

Untreated, the condition is uniformly fatal.

Simple drainage is little better than no treatment; the only patient surviving had only minimal contamination of the peritoneum.

The addition of colostomy or caecostomy to the procedure of drainage was uniformly unsuccessful. It is suggested that the reason for this is that continued infection of the peritoneum occurs from bowel severely damaged by distension and ischaemia.

The logical conclusion from the cases reviewed is that the perforated bowel should be exteriorized or excised. Where these procedures were carried out the results wert obviously better.

It is suggested that, for various reasons, excision of the devitalized bowel is preferable to simple exteriorization.

Review of the literature indicates that other authors have reached similar conclusions.
A REVIEW OF ARTERIAL REPLACEMENT†
Authors: Morris Kenneth N. , Stirling G. R. , Brown C. J. Officer , Barnett A. J.
Published: January 2008

A presentation is made of the results that we have obtained from arterial replacement in the aorta and peripheral vessels over the past seven years.

There is a big difference between the results obtained in the larger and smaller vessels. In the aorta good long term results can be expected in over 90 per cent, of patients in whom a successful insertion is achieved. In the femoro‐popliteal vessels this figure is probably nearer 50 per cent.

Homograft and nylon prostheses have not stood up to the test of time and we have been very disappointed in our own experience with woven teflon prostheses in the smaller vessels. It is suggested that the best prosthesis available at present is knitted dacron.
SPLENOPORTOGRAPHY IN HYDATID DISEASE OF THE LIVER
Authors: Hare W. S. C. , Dawborn J. K.
Published: January 2008

1. Two cases are presented, in which percutaneous splenoportography in the antero‐posterior and lateral positions demonstrated the site, size and numher of hydatid cysts in the liver.

2. This technique is of great value, as it allows a planned approach by the surgeon.

3. The initial size of the cyst was determined at operation by injecting contrast medium into it. This gave an accurate comparison with the avascular area in the splenoportogram.
TRAUMATIC PANCREATITIS IN CLOSED ABDOMINAL INJURIES
Authors: Greig M. T. , Rea D. M. V.
Published: January 2008

Three cases of traumatic pancreatitis have been presented. A short discussion of the condition itself follows with emphasis on the diagnosis. Awareness of the possibility of the condition makes its diagnosis easier.
PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM
Authors: Connell J. L.
Published: January 2008

Attention is drawn to a rare but important cause of massive gastro‐intestinal haemorrhage. The essential pathological change of pseudoxanthoma is a fragmentation of elastic tissue, which often involves blood vessel walls. Two cases of repeated massive haemorrhage due to this disease are reported.
OESOPHAGO‐JEJUNAL ANASTOMOSIS WITH ASSOCIATED ANAEMIA IN A FOURTEEN YEARS OLD MALE
Authors: Robertson Athol
Published: January 2008

A patient aged fourteen years with severe anaemia following oesophago‐jejunal anastomosis with by‐pass of the stomach, and formation of a jejunal blind loop at the age of eleven years, is described.

The anaemia responded to parenteral vitamin BIZ and iron sorbitol citrate (“Jectofer”).

Increased well‐being and weight‐gain resulted from correction of the anaemia and its symptoms.
POSTURING FOR ADHESIVE OBSTRUCTION OF BOWEL
Authors: Woodward W. W.
Published: January 2008

In selected patients, clinically diagnosed adhesive obstruction of bowel can sometimes be relieved by posturing. This forestalls intubation or operation.

The considerations which led to trial of this treatment are mentioned.

Successful postures are described.

Posturing should not be used if a closed loop of small bowel or a colonic obstruction is suspected.

If unsuccessful, posturing must not delay intubation or operation.

Posturing in the post‐operative period may have some value in preventing adhesions.
TORSION OF THE GREATER OMENTUM DUE TO PRIMARY MYXOMA
Authors: Hollings R. M.
Published: January 2008

A girl aged 6 with torsion of a primary myxoma of the greater omentum is presented. Aspects of torsion of abdominal viscera, myxomas in childhood and primary solid tumours of the greater omentum are discussed.
CONGENITAL NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Mackenzie Douglas C. , Ham John M. , Hyslop Raymond S.
Published: January 2008

Summary

1. A rase of congenital neuroblastonia is reported.

2. Forty‐five other cases reported since 19·10 are reviewed.

3. Twenty‐six cases (56 per cent.) survived fifteen months or longer without evidence of metastases.

4. Of 14 cases arising apart from the adrenals, 13 survived.

5. The 10 cases which were both extra‐adrenal and extra‐abdominal all survived.
CYSTIC DEGENERATION OF THE POPLITEAL ARTERY
Authors: Harris J. D. , Jepson R. P.
Published: January 2008

Summary

1. Another case of an adventitial cyst of the popliteal artery is reported in a boy of 11 years.

2. Our knowledge of the aetiology, pathology and treatment of this condition is reviewed.
GRANULOMATOUS ORCHITIS
Authors: Berkley Reginald
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of non‐specific granulomatous orchitis, an unusual and poorly understood lesion, is reported. The pathogenesis of the lesion is discussed, and it is concluded that thegranulomatous reaction is best explained by interstitial spermatozoa1 extravasation.
THE SURGICAL PATIENT WITH OLIGURIA*
Authors: Irvine By R. O. H.
Published: January 2008

Oliguria in the surgical patient, whether post‐operative or following trauma, can be an important factor in morbidity and mortality. It is essential to distinguish between acute renal circulatory insufficiency and renal tubular necrosis as causes of oliguria and to realize that anuria indicates an obstructive lesion until proved otherwise. Mannitol is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of oliguria.

Conservative management of tubular necrosis is based on fluid and protein restriction and the prevention of infection. Peritoneal dialysis and the artificial kidney help to maintain life which is the primary aim of treatment.

Post‐operative renal failure is seen particularly after cardiovascular surgery and in the presence of jaundice; post‐traumatic renal failure is liable to occur after crushing injuries and is common in war‐time. Despite modern methods of treatment the mortality rate in tubular necrosis of surgical origin is 68 per cent.
NEUROVASCULAR PEDICLE TRANSFERS IN THE HAND*
Authors: O'Brien Bernard
Published: January 2008

The place of neurovascular island pedicles in reconstructive hand surgery is outlined. The concept of tactilegnosis in the hand is mentioned and the island pedicle flaps related to this concept.

The types of neurovascular island pedicles are described. Their donor sites and their many indications are detailed.

The technique of the neurovascular island pedicle flap is described.

In conclusion, it can be stated that neurovascular island pedicles by their versatility and excellent blood and nerve supply have a widening place in the improvement of hand function. Their early use following median nerve repairs in adults is advocated.
RECTAL BIOPSY AND AMOEBIASIS
Authors: Doxiades Th. , Yiotsas Z.
Published: January 2008

The contribution of rectal biopsy to the diagnosis of chronic amoebiasis has been described in this paper.

Out of 1,725 examined patients, 415 (24 per cent.) were found to be positive for E. histolytica on rectal biopsy and 207 (12 per cent.) on stool examination, while 74 were found to be positive by both methods.

In 1,653 out of the 1,725 cases, the proctosigmoidoscopy findings varied from moderate or mild to a normal mucosa, with 402 positive cases on rectal biopsy.

Of 1,058 cases with moderate or mild colitis, rectal biopsy results were positive in 257 instances.

On the other hand, out of 595 cases with apparent normal mucosa, 145 were found to have E. histolytica on rectal biopsy.

The above facts are of great importance and indicate that rectal biopsy is a more reliable method in positive findings than the stool examination and should be applied to patients with apparently normal mucosa as well as to those with proctosigmoidoscopic findings of chronic amoebic colitis. The diagnostic method described becomes still more important when medical men realize that negative results of stool examinations do not exclude amoebiasis.
A PILONIDAL SINUS OF THE EAR
Authors: Woodward W. W.
Published: January 2008

Presented is the clinical record, with commentary, of a young man who had a pilonidal sinus in the external ear. Sinuses were later found in the natal cleft. Colourless hair‐shafts when first discharged from the sinus at the ear were so small as to be discovered only by microscopy.
CIRCULATORY REFILLING AFTER SURGERY
Authors: Marshall Vernon
Published: January 2008

Monitoring of blood volume during surgical procedures may now be performed with considerable precision.

After experimental haemorrhage of approximately one fifth of the total blood volume in man, transcapillary refilling of the circulation from interstitial fluid is brisk and results in a restored volume with a stable haemodilution after forty‐eight hours. The degree of haemoglobin or haematocrit fall is proportional to the initial blood loss.

Minor or moderate surgical trauma with unreplaced loss results in a similar haemodilution. However, post‐operative extravasation into tissue planes may delay the process of haemodilution for twenty‐four hours, and the haematocrit or haemoglobin level is of no predictable clinical value in the first twenty‐four hours after surgery.

Replacement of the blood lost at operation by various fluids has been studied. Whole blood replacement results in inhibition of transcapillary refilling. Electrolyte solutions such as saline have a minor and transient effect, and protein solutions markedly accelerate refilling. Isotonic protein solutions such as 5 per cent, albumin in Hartmann's solution, free of risks of transfusion reactions or of virus hepatitis, are thus of great merit in replacement of moderate blood loss during surgery. Their expense and limited availability makes investigation of synthetic volume substitutes desirable.
MASSIVE RESECTION OF INTESTINE IN INFANCY
Authors: MacMahon By R. A.
Published: January 2008

A case of massive resection of intestine is presented in whom 20 centimetres of jejunum was anastomosed to the transverse colon.

After six months in hospital, the transit time of a carmine marker from mouth to anus was only thirty minutes. The management of this case is detailed.

The definition of massive resection in relationship to infancy is discussed and a new definition suggested.

From experimental work and from reported clinical cases it seems that with adequate care, small remaining segments of ileum and jejunum are sufficient for survival, growth and development, provided the terminal ileum, ileo‐caecal valve and colon are intact. If this complex has been excised and the jejunal segment is less than approximately 100 centimetres in length, the use of a Hammer type reversed segment interposed between the jejunal segment and the colon may well be a life‐saving procedure.
AUTOGENOUS VENOUS PATCH GRAFTING OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIES
Authors: Hunt P. S. , Reeve T. S.
Published: January 2008

Post‐operative occlusion of an obstructed femoral artery repaired with a vein patch may be prevented by extending arteriotomy incisions in both directions further than the removed intima. At the graft ends the reduction in lumen of the vessel is gradual, the intima is more easily re‐attached to adven‐titia and the patch is less embedded.
CLOSED TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Authors: Hardy K. J.
Published: January 2008

1. The patients suffering from closed traumatic rupture of the diaphragm for the years 1953‐63 at the Royal Melbourne Hospital have been reviewed.

2. There were 10 immediate and one delayed ruptures; 6 being on the left and 5 on the right side.

3. The modes of trauma, the commonness of associated injuries and the frequency of thoracic or abdominal signs are recorded.

4. The possible clinical features and the appropriate investigation are pointed out. An analysis of the low rate of correct diagnoses is then made and the importance of an awareness of the condition of chest X‐rays has been emphasised.
Retrograde Advancement and Plication of the Colon for Non‐Strangulating Sigmoid Volvulus
Authors: Gray F. J. , Hossack D. W.
Published: January 2008

In an attempt to revive colopexy as a more desirable form of operative treatment than resection in non‐strangulating sigmoid ovules, the writers have developed a method of substituting several small innocuous loops in the left side of the colon for the long vulnerable sigmoid loop. Experimental procedures at autopsy are outlined, together with the histories of two cases in which the method was used with satisfactory results.
I131 STUDIES OF THE LIVER AND PORTAL CIRCULATION
Authors: Rozenbilds J. G. , Bennett R. C.
Published: January 2008

1. The hepatic uptake of rectally administered I131 has been studied in 36 patients.

2. A wide range of values was obtained in normal subjects.

3. There was considerable overlap between the range of values obtained in normal subjects and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and hepatic tumours; the mean values for each group were almost identical.

4. These results do not support the findings and conclusions of previous workers.
CYSTIC DEGENERATION OF THE POPLITEAL ARTERY
Authors: Flanc C.
Published: January 2008

1. a case of cystic degeneration of the popliteal artery has been presented.

2. the literature relating to this rare condition has been reviewed.

3. the significance of a preceding history of trauma is discussed.

4. it is emphasized that physical signs of arterial insufficiency may be absent and may develop only when the limb is exercised.
CAROTICO‐CAVERNOUS FISTULA and GLAUCOMA
Authors: Duke P. S.
Published: January 2008

in this paper are outlined the mechanics of glaucomas associated with cerebral vascular abnormalities and the importance is stressed of clinical appraisal and investigation of ocular circulation and function in seeking the help of the neurosurgeon in such cases.
Pharyngo‐Gastric Reconstruction for Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Balasegaram M.
Published: January 2008

Six cases of hypopharyngcal carcinoma, in which pharyngo‐laryngo‐œsophagectomy with immediate pharyngo‐gastric reconstruction was performed, are described. This form of repair restored normal swallowing within a few days in all cases, with no occurrence of fistula or stenosis. A more extensive use of this procedure is advocated.
Gas Gangrene in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Allcock Edward A.
Published: January 2008

Four cases of gas gangrene, each with a fatal outcome, associated with intra‐abdominal primary foci, are recorded. Two of these were associated with gangrene of the small bowel, one was associated with perforation of a duodenal ulcer, and one followed partial gastrectomy. The relationship of the identified toxins produced by Clostridium welchii to gas gangrene and its treatment is considered. High doses of penicillin given intravenously, the administration of polyvalent serum, and now hyperbaric oxygen therapy, together with removal of all necrotic tissues, are the rational therapeutic measures.
Urinary Infection and Catheterization: A Case for a Catheter Team
Authors: Castleden W. M.
Published: January 2008

Forty‐five out of 84 patients undergoing urethral catheterization developed significant bacteriuria. As might be expected, the infection rate grew with the increase in duration of catheterization, and it was higher in the elderly female patient. Some of the work on this problem is reviewed, and it is suggested that the formation of a catheter team might lead to improvements in catheter care.
The Hazards of Electrical Apparatus in the Operating Theatre
Authors: Williamson J. A. H.
Published: January 2008

Electrical hazards have developed insidiously in operating theatres over recent years, and few people who work in them are aware of the dangers. The formulation of more appropriate safety codes and the education of medical people concerning the safe use of electricity are urged. The hazards that now exist are discussed, with examples, and some basic electrical concepts which apply to these hazards are examined. A plea is made for a more responsible attitude by doctors, and for higher standards of maintenance and vigilance.
Wound Infection: Experience with 12,000 Sutured Surgical Wounds in a General Hospital over a Period of 11 years
Authors: Wright J. E. , Henniessy E. J. , Bissett R. L.
Published: January 2008

Wound infection rates in a general hospital over an 11‐year period have been studied, the review embracing over 12,000 sutured surgical wounds. There is a remarkably constant downward trend in the wound infection rate. This is considered real, as there has been no change in the method of recording. Changes in operating theatre technique have not individually influenced the rates or the trend. In particular, the use or non‐use of surgical masks made no difference to the incidence of wound infection. Changes in scrub‐up‐technique and the introduction of air‐conditioning in the operating rooms had no appreciable effect. There is a difference between wound infection rates of acute operations and elective operations, of “clean” operations and “dirty” operations. The possible sources of surgical wound infection are discussed. The classification into “inherent” and “sporadic” groups is offered, and in “sporadic” infections the role of the patient as a source of infection is considered.
The Problems of “Benign” Polypoid Lesions of the Stomach
Authors: Jamieson G. G. , Ludbrook J.
Published: January 2008

The clinical manifestations and pathological features of radiologically detected, apparently benign, polypoid lesions of the stomach are considered. Data were obtained from 22 cases from the Royal Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, and from series of cases previously recorded. A decision tree is constructed, as a guide to clinical management.
Primary Carcinoma of the Male Breast: A Report of 16 Cases in Australian Ex‐Servicemen
Authors: Andersen Peter T. , Pheils Murray T.
Published: January 2008

A report of 16 cases of primary male breast carcinoma is presented. The average age was 70 years. Crude five‐year survival was 38% overall. The ætiology and management of the disease is discussed. Special reference is made to the use of modified radical mastectomy for the early lesion and the role of orchidectomy for palliation in the advanced case.
Mediastinoscopy: A Safe and Useful Procedure in the Investigation of Patients with Intrathoracic Diseases
Authors: Barraclough B. H. , Richards H. J. , Monk I.
Published: January 2008

Mediastinoscopy was performed on 280 patients. The technique is described. A tissue diagnosis was made at mediastinoscopy in 82 cases (29·2%) and, of these, 34 were primary lung carcinomas, one was a secondary deposit from a Grawiiz tumour, 44 were sarcoid tumours and three lymphomas. Of 112 patients with carcinoma for whom the diagnosis was proved at mediastinoscopy, or for whom a negative mediastinoscopy result could be verified at thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy proved to be useful for 94 (83·9%). Of 48 patients with suspected sarcoid, mediastinoscopy gave a positive result for 44 (91·6%). There were only two complications in this series.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Fourth Metacarpal Bone
Authors: Chari P. R. , Rao K. Mallickarjuna
Published: January 2008

A rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the left fourth metacarpal bone is reported. After excision of the tumour, including the distal articular surface, followed by primary bone grafting, the ring finger regained excellent function. Ten months' follow‐up showed no local recurrence. The literature is briefly reviewed.
Changes in Left Ventricular Function Produced by Excision of a Myocardial Infarct
Authors: Egerton W. S. , Balderson Glenda
Published: January 2008

Left ventricular function has been measured in calves before and after the production of a myocardial infarct by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. In 20 animals function was measured after the area of the acute infarct had been excised and the left ventricle repaired by direct suture. Infarcts equal to 20% of the left ventricle were found to impair left ventricular function, and significant immediate improvement in function was measured in one‐third of the animals in which an infarct was resected.
A Comparison of Uretero‐ Ureteric and Ureterovesical Anastomosis in Renal Transplantation1
Authors: Duke Athol , Maclaurin Campbell
Published: January 2008

Two methods of ureteric drainage have been used iir a transplantation programme, and the results of 35 uretero‐ureteric and 20 ureterovesical anastomoses studied. Comparison is made between these groups, and the literature is reviewed. Ureteroureteric anastomosis has been found to be a satisfactory method of ureteric drainage.
Suppression of Canine Renal Allograft Rejection with Antilymphocyte Serum
Authors: Clunie G. J. A. , Howard R. R. S. , Robinson E. , Morton H.
Published: January 2008

Thirty‐nine dogs received renal allografts with simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy. Ten recipients were untreated, 15 were given daily subcutaneous injections of normal horse serum, normal cow serum or normal goat serum, and 14 received daily injections of horse antidog antilymphocyte serum (HALS), cow antidog antilymphocyte serum (CALS), or goat antidog antilymphocyte serum (GALS). The mean survival times of the untreated control animals and those receiving normal sera were 8·6 and 9·1 days respectively. No animal in these groups survived for more than 12 days. In the ALS‐treated dogs, a mean survival of 12·8 days was obtained with GALS, of 18·0 days with CALS and of 68·4 days with HALS.
Multifocal Osteomyelitis following Prostatectomy
Authors: Rothwell A. G.
Published: January 2008

A case of multifocal osteomyelitis following retropubir prostatectomy is reported. A review of the relevant literature is discussed in relation to distribution of lesions, source of infection and response to treatment.
The Effect of Surrounding Bacterial Contamination and Infection upon the Healing of Colon Wounds in Dogs
Authors: Ryan Peter
Published: January 2008

Macroscopic and functional healing of 10 colon anastomoses and 18 colon wounds in all 28 dogs which survived such operations for one week or more took place in spite of the concomitant development of abscesses adjacent to them in 25 of the 28 cases. Histological evidence of inflammation at the suture line was more pronounced the more severe the adjacent infection, but there was inswficient evidence to say whether or not histological healing was delayed or impaired by sepsis of this kind.
Hormonal Imbalance and the Sarcomata1
Authors: Starr Kenneth W.
Published: January 2008

A series of 11 patients suffering front sarcoma of either soft tissues or bone, and of various ages (2–92 years), has been studied in our Unit. It was observed that in the majority of the postpubertal patients the serum level of human growth hormone (HGH, STH, somatotrophin) was elevated above the mean figure for the Australian population, estimated by radio‐immuno‐assay. This figure is 2.4 γγ/ml serum, with a range of 0.3–7.7 γγ/ml (Lazarus). In the sarcomatous patients, this level was exceeded in six of the nine postpubertal adults, but not in the prepubertal children, or in the very aged, or in those with quiescent lesions. Clinical improvement varying from regression to total disappearance was observed when the raised serum level was promptly reduced to lower levels.
Resection and End‐to‐End Anastomosis for Strictures of the Trachea following Tracheostomy
Authors: Mullerworth M. H. W. , Cole W. H. J. , McConchie I. H.
Published: January 2008

Three cases of short strictures of the intrathoracic trachea following tracheostomy are presented. All were treated by annular resection and primary end‐to‐end anastomosis without adjuvant corticosteroids or concomitant tracheostomy. All are alive and well from one to three years after operation. We are encouraged to recommend bolder use of this method for tight stenosis of the trachea, particularly in the intrathoracic region. The place of dilatation and plastic reconstructional procedures in treatment is briefly discussed.
The Surgery of Esophageal Dysrhythmias1
Authors: Nicks Rowan
Published: January 2008

This paper is devoted to a brief consideration of three conditions for which surgery has been practised for the past decade, namely, achalasia of the cardia, cricopharyngeal muscular hypertrophy and daffuse muscdar spasm of the Esophagus.
Anterior Gastropexy: A Simple Operation for Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Boerema W. J.
Published: January 2008

A transabdominal operation for sliding hiutus hernia is described which entails a minimum of manipulation at the diaphragmatic hiatus, most of the work being done at a more superficial plane. The advantages of this in old patients suflering from obesity or kyghosis are illustrated by means of a case report.
Side‐to‐End Portacaval Shunt: A Way out of Difficulty
Authors: Little J. M.
Published: January 2008

A case is described in which massive hypertrophy of the caudate lobe of the liver made a conventional porta‐caval shunt impossible. The end of the divided vena cava was anastomosed to the side of the portal vein. This technique may provide one answer to a difficult technical problem.
A Report of Three Cases of Small‐Bowel Obstruction Arising from Mesenteric Defects, with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Larkin Kerry K.
Published: January 2008

Herniation of small bowel through defects in the gastro‐intestinal mesentery is a rare cause of acute bowel obstruction. Its possible presence must be borne in mind if the clinical condition of the patient suggests bowel obstruction, despite the absence of external herniæ and in the absence of any history of previous abdominal surgery. Early operation is essential, and three cases of the condition are now reported. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Lingual Thyroid: Behaviour after Transplantation
Authors: Lawson Rodent S.
Published: January 2008

A progress report is given of a patient who had a lingual thyroid treated by excision and transplantation in 1956, when she was 11 years old. The behaviour of the thyroid transplant over 15 years is described, together with the history of two children born to the patient during this period.
Stenotic Ureterocele
Authors: Subbiah N. , Stephens Douglas
Published: January 2008

The incidence, clinical and radiological features and histopathology of the structure of stenotic ureteroceles are described, together with the correlation of muscle content with function and its significance in the choice of treatment.
Oxygen Therapy in the Surgical Patient
Authors: Lewis Gwenda M.
Published: January 2008

In recent years attention has been drawn to the effects of surgical and accidental trauma on the microcirculation. Some peripheral vasoconstriction always occurs, and can be seen clinically if it is severe. Pulmonary vasoconstriction also occurs, and reports from several sources suggest that it is much more severe than the systemic response.
Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Sachdeva Himmat Singh , Datta B. N. , Chakravorty Ranes C.
Published: January 2008

Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare neoplasm. The first described case is ascribed to Nasse, who in 1892 reported four “adenomas” of the parotid gland, one of which presented the features of the neoplasm now reported.
The Effect of Surgery, Injury, and Prolonged Bed Rest on Calf Blood Flow
Authors: Bird A. D.
Published: January 2008

Using strain gauge plethysmography, the resting calf blood flow, mainly a measure of muscle blood flow, has been estimated in control subjects, in patients during and after surgical procedures, and in patients during prolonged bed rest following surgery or operation. During general surgical procedures, the calf blood flow was reduced by 38% of the preoperative values. After operation, there was a progressive fall in calf blood flow, the lowest values showing a reduction averaging 58% of the preoperative flow. The reductions in blood flow were associated with an increase in peripheral resistance, indicating that local vasoconstriction was the cause of the reduced flow. Low calf blood flow was also shown to occur in patients who were confined to bed for long periods after injury or operation. It is suggested that by reducing venous return, the decreased calf blood flow during and after surgery, and during prolonged bed rest, may be a factor in the development of deep vein thrombosis in. surgical patients.
The Omohyoid Muscle and Fascia: Morphology and Anomalies
Authors: Buntine John A.
Published: January 2008

The omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles are the lateral and medial margins of the primitive sterno‐cleido‐omo‐hyoid muscle, most of which has been replaced by the omohyoid fascia. The lower attachment of the omohyoid muscle is highly variable. It may arise in part anywhere along the normal line of attachment of the omohyoid fascia; that is, from the clavicle, coracoclavicular ligament, coracoid process or superior transverse scapular ligament. A thick muscular attachment to the clavicle could cause confusion during operations employing limited exposure.
A Form of Stress Incontinence in Children: Another Method of Bladder Neck Repair
Authors: Stephens Douglas
Published: January 2008

A form of stress incontinence encountered in five children associated with trauma to the internal sphincter bears some resemblance symptomatically to the stress incontinence of adults. In all five children the internal urethral meatus was lax and enlarged. Repair was undertaken by a method of bipennation and keeling of the urethrotrigonal muscles which form the internal sphincter of the bladder. Restoration of continence and of the muscular collar at the bladder neck as displayed radiographically indicates the prime importance of the internal sphincter mass of muscle with respect to urinary control. The intraurethral method of correction described may have a place in the management of a selected group of adult stress incontinence patients.
Extraperitoneal Transduodenal Choledochoduodenostomy for Removal of Overlooked Common Bile Duct Stones
Authors: Ong G. B. , Kwong K. H. , Cheng F. C. Y.
Published: January 2008

An extraperitoneal approach for removing overlooked common bile duct stones is described. By the use of this approach, stones that have been overlooked at the lower end of the common bile duct after surgery of the biliary tract are found to be most suitably handled. The recovery of the patient after operation is rapid. It is especially useful in patients who have had repeated operations on the biliary tract and in whom stones are still present. However, there is a limitation in its use, as exploration of the rest of the abdomen is not feasible. Thirteen such patients were operated on from 1964 to 1968, and the results and complications of the operation are discussed.
Hernia of the Foramen of Winslow: A Case Report
Authors: Pegg Stuart P.
Published: January 2008

A case of hernia through the foramen of Winslow is presented. The diagnosis and management of these herniœ are discussed.
The Surgical Management of Reflux and Emetogenic Strictures of the Œsophagus
Authors: Nicks Rowan
Published: January 2008

While in good‐risk patients replacement of an óesophageal stricture by a segment of ileum or colon provides permanent relief of symptoms, the hazards that attend this procedure when carried out on the sick and elderly render lesser procedures preferable. This paper describes a plastic operation on the cardia with restoration of the cardiac sphincteric mechanism, designed for the safe treatment of short fibromuscular œsophageal stricture associated with hiatus hernia in the poor‐risk patient.
Congenital Lip Sinuses
Authors: Khanna N. N.
Published: January 2008

A family has been traced through four generations with six members presenting with congenital lip sinuses. Five in this series were male and only one female. Two of the patients had associated clefts of the lip and palate. The literature on congenital lip sinuses is reviewed and the œtiological, clinical and histopathological features are discussed. The methods currently in use for their treatment are described.
Kidney Preservation for Transportation: IV. Eight‐Thousand‐Mile International Air Transport1
Authors: Collins Geoffrey M. , Bravo‐Shugarman Maria , Terasaki Paul I. , Braf Zvi , Sheil A. G. Ross , Williams Grant
Published: January 2008

Eleven do kidneys were removed in Los Angeles, preserved, and air‐freighted in small insulated boxes to London, Tel Aviv and Sydney. They were allografted into bilaterally nephrectomized dogs after storage periods of 14 to 23 hours. Except in the case of one technical failure, the rise in serum creatinine in the recipients was minimal, reaching on the average 2.2 ± SD 0.5 mg/100 ml. This simple method of preservation, involving flushing with a new perfusate and storage in ice, could provide a solution to the problem of transporting cadaver kidneys to histocompatible recipients. Survival of two out of three kidneys stored for 48 hours was also obtained.
Dermoid Lesions of the Central Nervous System in Childhood
Authors: Lekias John , Stokes Bryant
Published: January 2008

Four cases of dermoid cyst of the central nervous system are presented. The literature is reviewed together with the pathology, and the important point is brought forward that a lump in the midline axis posteriorly may represent a dermoid cyst with an intraspinal or intracranial extension. The risk of infection in an untreated cyst leading to scrious and fatal meningitis is stressed.
Local Endarterectomy of the Profunda Femoris Artery1
Authors: Royle John P.
Published: January 2008

A series of 16 endarterectomies of the osteum of the profunda femoris artery is presented. Stenosis of the osteum was detected clinically by the presence of a murmur at the groin, either at rest or on exercise. This was confirmed by angiography with oblique views. Although the superficial femoral artery was completely occluded in every case, no reconstruction of this segment was made, surgery being confined to simple relief of the stenosis of the profunda osteum. Rest pain was completely relieved in 12 out of 13 limbs. There was no residual intermittent claudication in eight of 14 limbs, while the claudication distance was improved in the remaining six.
Recurrent Parotid Tumours
Authors: Eddey Howard H.
Published: January 2008

Patients still present with recurrent parotid tumours which have resulted from inadequate surgery at the initial operation. Such recurrences pose problems in treatment which are illustrated by a review of 130 patients (133 operations) operated upon for tumour, 22 of whom presented with recurrent tumour.
Umbilicoplasty as a Treatment for Persistent Umbilical Infection
Authors: Dick E. T.
Published: January 2008

Persistent umbilical infection is often associated with a deeply recessed umbilical scar. œdema with stenosis of the umbilical rim impedes natural drainage and favours accumulation of desquamated cells and foreign bodies such as cloth fibres and dust. Conservative treatment of persistent umbilical infection when associated with a recessed umbilical scar is usually ineffective. An operation is described which obliterates the deep recess and preserves a natural‐looking umbilicus. Sixteen such patients operated on were cured of a persistent umbilical infection.
Carcinoma of the Distal Extrahepatic Bile Ducts: Case Report
Authors: Thomas David
Published: January 2008

This report concerns a patient who had a carcinoma involving the common hepatic and left hepatic ducts. A palliative resection was carried out, residual growth being present in the left hepatic duct; nevertheless, the patient survived for two and a half years. Experience with the case suggests that radical surgery may offer the prospect of cure to some such cases.
Argentaffin Cell Carcinoma of the Rectum: Two Case Reports
Authors: Smith E. R.
Published: January 2008

The clinical and pathological findings in two cases of rectal argentaffin cell carcinoma with metastases are presented. One patient had coexisting chronic ulcerative colitis. The literature relating to rectal carcinoid is reviewed, and the malignant nature of this tumour is discussed.
A New Synthetic Absorbable Suture Material: A Clinical Trial of Polyglycolic Acid Suture in General Surgery
Authors: McCarthy William H.
Published: January 2008

This paper reports a clinical trial of a new synthetic, absorbable suture material, polyglycolic acid, in 86 patients undergoing a variety of general surgical procedures. The sutures were used m all situations including intestinal anastomosis and biliary surgery. The suture performed well in all situations and confirmed previous reports of high tensile strength, easy handling and a minimum of complications associated with its use. Further trial by routine clinical use of this suture material is recommended.
Anæmia and Surgery: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Rawstron R. E.
Published: January 2008

A study has been made comparing the surgical performances of 145 anæmic patients who had hæmoglobin levels below 10 gm/100 ml of blood with the surgical performances of 412 routine surgical cases. While there appeared to be an apparent increase in cardiac arrests or deaths during surgery or in the early postoperative period in the anæmic cases, it is doubtful whether this is significant. Other surgical or postoperative complications did not appear to occur more frequently in the anæmic cases than in the controls, nor did the complications in the anæmic patients require treatment not given to patients in the control series.
Vesicocolic Fistula due to Diverticulitis
Authors: Gillett David J. , Pheils Murray T.
Published: January 2008

A retrospective review of 35 patients treated for vesicocolic fistula due to diverticuclitis has been undertaken. The relative value of different methods of investigation and treatment is discussed. Pneumaturia was the most frequent presenting symptom. There was no mortality after staged surgical intervention, in contrast with the occurrence of two deaths after one‐stage resections.

Thirty‐five cases of vesicocolic fistula have been reviewed. Pneumaturia was the most frequent presenting symptom, and sometimes the only urinary symptom present. Both barium enema examination and cystoscopy were valuable investigations, frequently providing com‐ plementary information. There were two operative deaths following one‐stage resections, and none after staged procedures.
The Carcinoid Syndrome: An Example Due to an Ileal Polyp
Authors: Orr K. B.
Published: January 2008

Included in this report is a brief summary of the carcinoid syndrome based on a case history of a patient followed from diagnosis to death and post‐mortem examination. The current status of treatment of this condition is discussed.
A Comparison of Primary Inflammatory Disease of the Colon in Australia and in the United States of America
Authors: Cuthbertson A. M. , Hawk W. A. , Turnbull R. B. , Hughes E. S. R.
Published: January 2008

At the Cleveland Clinic over 60% of patients coming to colectomy for primary inflammatory disease of the colon were fozlnd to have Crohn's disease. With the use of the same criteria for diaglzosis, Crohn's disease was found to be present in only 13% of a similarly selected series of patients from Melbozlrne.
Uretero‐Colo‐Urethrostomy: A Case Report
Authors: Barclay S.
Published: January 2008

This case report describes a method of management of advanced urinary tract tuberculosis. Perhaps the methods of reconstruction used deserve further trial, as the end‐result has been acceptable. The patient has continence by day and satisfactory renal function. He has one remaining kidney which has its dilated ureter connected in a valvular manner to a segment of sigmoid colon. This in turn is joined to the remnants of the prostate and prostatic urethra.
South Vietnam: The Province of the General Surgeon
Authors: Berg D.
Published: January 2008

This paper is a survey of three months' work carried out by one Australian surgical team in South Vietnam. This team, stationed at Long Xuyen, worked in a Vaetnamese civilian hospital alongside Vietnamese doctors, anesthetists and nurses. The scope of surgery was wide and the work load heavy. Overcrowding was common, and relatives lived in the wards with the patients. Wound breakdown was uncommon, and cross infection did not appear to be a serious problem. Chronic osteomyelitis and tuberculosis remain unsolved problems in this area because of the uncertain supply of antibiotics and poor follow‐up care. Certain courses of treatment are recommended for the various problems met with, including empyema, spinal tuberculosis and intra‐abdominal injuries. Cooperation with the Vietnamese was good, and the help received from the American administrative and military teams in the area was considerable.
The Use of Iodized Catgut and Electrocoagulation Diathermy in Relation to the Incidence of Tumour Recurrence in Operation Wounds: An Experimental Study
Authors: Stephens Frederick O. , Lawrenson Kevin B. , Chant Susan
Published: January 2008

In experiments in mice using wounds seeded with tumour cells, the effect of controlling bleedrng points by suture‐ligation with plain catgut, silk, iodine‐impregnated catgut and electrocoagulation diathermy on the incidence and subsequent development of tumours in the wounds was studied. Three types of tumour cells, carcinoma, melanoma and sarcoma, were used. With all three tumour types, the introduction of all, types of ligature material was associated with an increased incidence of tumour growth an the wounds. There was also an apparent increase of tumour growth after the use of electrocoagulation diathermy, but this apparent increase was not proven to be significant. There was a lower incidence of tumour growth after the use of both iodized catgHt arnd electrocoagulation than after the use of either plain catgut or silk.