bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Liability
Authors: Moffett Rosalie
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Kids’ Corner
Authors: Noyes Tom
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Meditation on the Question of Self Before Meeting Sarah for Moroccan Stew
Authors: Pindyck Maya
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Steeple Beyond Repair
Authors: Slate Ron
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Superbloom, A Day After My Daughter’s Diagnosis
Authors: Van Rooyen Craig
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Virtual simulators in the automated control system subsystem for training operators of metal-cutting machines
Authors: Aslanov R. E.
Published: January 2025

The article describes the proposed method of automated construction of virtual simulators for the subsystem of personnel training of the automated control systems of production. Its distinctive feature is the work with the customer based on the provision of functional videos from production, as well as the formalization of the design and development process in the form of structures for the process of creating software and visual modules taking into account the specifics of the development of virtual reality simulators. An ontological model has been developed for the construction of virtual simulators for training machine tool operators in the automated control systems of production, which uses the identified basic concepts and relationships between them in the subject area of work of machine tool operators. Its implementation is based on the Protege software environment. The following diagrams are proposed: functional and contextual IDEF0 of the functioning of virtual simulators for training in working on universal metal-cutting machines: milling and turning. The architecture of a virtual simulator for use in the subsystem of training personnel of automated control systems of production, as well as a structural diagram of the formation of practice-oriented skills in working on metal-cutting machines using virtual simulators are described.
Development of the structure of a cyberphysical control system for the process of tailored induction heating of a steel billet
Authors: Kolpashhikov S. А. , Peshkin K. S.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the development of the structure of a cyberphysical control system for the process of zone induction heating, widely used in modern industrial production during the heat treatment of metal products for various purposes. An analysis of the range of products manufactured using induction heat treatment and the advantages of using induction heating systems has shown a wide range of applications of this method of heat treatment in modern production and great opportunities for automation and optimization of processes associated with induction heating of products. This fact indicates the relevance of the development of various kinds of intelligent control systems in relation to the processes of industrial induction heating of metal blanks and semi-finished products. The article describes the induction method of zone heat treatment of metals, its advantages over flame heat treatment methods and the range of products manufactured using it. A description of the billet-inductor system is presented, for which the structure of a cyberphysical control system for the process of zone induction heating has been developed. The technological requirement for the final temperature distribution on the surface of the workpiece and the factors influencing the deviation of the temperature distribution from that required in the process of zone induction heating are considered. A list of possible disturbing influences is given, requirements for the technological process are formulated, control principles are described and, based on this, the structure of the zone induction heating process control system, which belongs to the class of cyberphysical process control systems, is developed.
Особенности потенциала «мягкой силы» в интернет-мемах о COVID-19
Authors: Бабикова Марина Рашитовна , Кружкова Ольга Владимировна , Божко Екатерина Михайловна
Published: January 2025

Исследование посвящено изучению особенностей потенциала «мягкой силы» интернет-мемов, ограниченных тематикой COVID-19. Представлены результаты анализа восприятия интернет-мемов молодежью 14-35 лет с учетом различий по полу. К обсуждению предлагаются тепловые карты, полученные в ходе работы с респондентами на айтрекере Tobii Pro Scerum (150 Hz), позволяющие оценить фиксацию взгляда испытуемого.
Работа с группой респондентов позволила определить ключевые вербально-визуальные элементы интернет-мемов, удерживающие внимание респондентов. В исследовании сделаны выводы о реакции респондентов на стимульный материал в зависимости от возраста и пола. Определены смысловые доминанты мемов и степень их считываемости, на основании чего отмечено, что в большей степени воздействию рассматриваемых интернет-мемов подвержены молодежные группы в возрасте 14―17 и 18―24 лет, так как их восприятие характеризуется повышенным буквализмом и эмоциональностью. Различия по признаку пола менее выражены, чем различия между возрастными группами.
Благодарность. Работа была выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований в рамках гранта «Soft power-потенциал интернет-мемов: ключевые механизмы воздействия» № 21-011-32197 опн_мол.
Collagen Degradation Products and Proinfiammatory Cytokines in Systemic and Localized Scleroderma
Authors: Bečvář Radim , Hulejová H. , Braun M. , Štork J.
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the degradation of collagen type I and proinflammatory cytokines in systemic and localized scleroderma compared with psoriasis and healthy controls. Total 99 individuals were examined -24 with SSc, 22 with LSc, 39 patients with PsV and 14 healthy controls. U-PD and U-DPD were measured using a sensitive isocratic HPLC method. Serum levels of IL-6 and soluble IL-2R were assayed using commercial ELISA kits. In the SSc group U-PD and U-DPD levels (nmol/mmol creatinine) were increased compared with controls (P = 0.001) and with PsV (P = 0.006). IL-6 levels were increased compared with controls (P = 0.004) and with PsV (P = 0.002). IL-2R concentrations were insignificantly increased in comparison with controls and were lower than in PsV, but the difference was not significant. In the LSc group excretion of U-PD and U-DPD did not differ from controls, but was insignificantly decreased compared with PsV. IL-6 levels were increased compared with controls (P = 0.001) and also with PsV (p = 0.03). IL-2R concentrations were significantly increased in comparison with controls only (P = 0.03). In patients with SSc our data have shown the most intensive collagen degradation and simultaneously an active inflammation, as documented by IL-6, which reflects the pathological processes in the skin and visceral organs compared with PsV patients and healthy individuals. In the LSc group collagen degradation was similar to that in control groups, but a certain inflammatory activity was observed.
Eternal wellness: Anti-aging herbs of the Sikkim Himalayas
Authors: Adhikari A , Neopaney A , Bhutia C N , Pradhan A , Bhutia S
Published: January 2025

This review paper delves into the anti-aging potential of herbs from the Sikkim Himalayas, highlighting their significance in promoting overall wellbeing. Through a comprehensive literature review and targeted searches, we identified and analyzed fifteen prominent anti-aging herbs, such as Rhodiola rosea, Curcuma longa, and Cordyceps sinensis. Given the projected growth of the global anti-aging market to US$71.6 billion in 2023, there is an increasing demand for natural, plant-based solutions. Our findings emphasize the practical applications of these herbs, discussing methods for integrating them into daily life and their potential health benefits. The review also notes that roots were the most commonly utilized plant part, followed by leaves. In terms of family distribution, the Zingiberaceae and Fabaceae families each accounted for 13% of the identified herbs. This study underscores the importance of further exploration into the medicinal and antiaging properties of Sikkim’s herbal flora, offering insights for future research and the development of natural health products aimed at fostering longevity and wellness.
Botanical and SFE aided need base systemic scientific inaugurate of Delphinium denudatum root Wall. an unexplored jeopardise medicinal plant
Authors: Siddique Nadeem Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The endangered medicinal plant Delphinium denudatum Wall. is widely recognized by the medical community for its potential in treating neurological disorders. Despite its known health benefits, it has not been thoroughly investigated. Further research is required using scientifically recognized analytical techniques to fully explore its therapeutic potential. The use of traditional methods for extracting botanicals raises concerns about both environmental damage and potential health risks due to the extensive use of organic solvents. In response to these issues, this research utilizes environmentally-conscious and eco-friendly methods for botanical extraction. Recently, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has emerged as a preferred technique for extracting plant material due to its high efficiency and yield. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the solvent of choice in SFE because of its effective diffusion into plant material at low temperatures, as well as its environmentally friendly properties. In this study, the optimal conditions for SFE were determined to be a pressure of 200 bar, a temperature of 80 °C and a CO2 flow rate of 15 g. min-1 to achieve to achieve maximum yield of Delphinium root extract (DRE). The result demonstrated that SFE produced an optimal extract yield with three productivity levels: level-I (0.8 % w/w), level-II (1.2 % w/w) and level-III (0.95 % w/w). Furthermore, a botanical examination verified the integrity of cell structures, while physicochemical evaluations help establish quality standards for the extract. Phytometabolites mapping of the SFE- derived DRE was performed using HPTLC under various conditions, including daylight, postderivatization and at 254 nm and 366 nm. Additionally, community reports validated the effectiveness of DDR against harmful microorganisms, with zones of inhibition observed against Staphylococcus aureus (ZI: 5.21 ± 0.29); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZI: 7.48 ± 0.53); Aspergillus niger (ZI: 8.15 ± 0.9) at concentrations of 100 ?g mL-1 and 500 ?g mL-1 of the DRE respectively. In conclusion, this research strongly supports the use of D. denudatum extracts obtained via SFE as a potential treatment for various pathogenic disease. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous scientific evidence documenting the successful extraction of D. denudatum using SFE. Additionally, the protective properties of SFE-derived DRE against pathogenic microorganisms had not been previously explored. Thus, the present study identifies D. denudatum as a promising candidate for the development of drugs to combat pathogenic infections.
Integrative approaches for mustard improvement: Bridging conventional breeding, genetics and biotechnological advances
Authors: Prasanth G R , Utharasu S , Ravikesavan R , Sakthivel N , Sivasakthivelan P , Sudha M
Published: January 2025

Mustard is globally an oilseed crop that provides essential edible oil and industrial raw materials, particularly in regions like South Asia, Europe, and Canada, where it plays a critical role in agricultural economies and food industries. However, worldwide biotic and abiotic stresses pose major challenges to mustard production. Advances in conventional breeding techniques, genetics, and biotechnological tools hold immense potential for developing improved mustard varieties. This review elucidates the evolution of mustard breeding, moving from conventional approaches to advanced molecular tools that allow for precise genetic modifications, enhancing mustard resilience and yield. It highlights the roles of phenotypic and genotypic selection, molecular markers, transgenics, and genomicsassisted breeding in augmenting mustard improvement endeavours. The promise of emerging technologies like genome editing and systems biology is discussed for mustard genetic enhancement and climate-resilient varietal development. The review emphasizes the need of collaboration among research institutions, public-private partnerships, and international networks to accelerate, sustainable mustard improvement efforts.
Internal Control System for Mexican Public Schools: The Case of An Elementary Public School in Querétaro, México
Authors: Ortiz Ricardo , Álvarez Brenda Liliana
Published: January 2025

Just like an onion, we must analyze corruption in layers. Firstly, where do people obtain values in order to participate in society? The answer is: at home, because that is where education begins. Parents are a strong role model and behavioral example for children, so, in order to let them play a more continuous role, they should participate in formal education by creating an organization that allows them to manage some school activities. Although regulation exists, the challenge arises when money is collected, because parents often don’t know basic accounting principles and mostly they only have basic reading and writing skills. There is no effective management of resources, opening the door to acts of corruption. This project is a transformational proposal to help public elementary school parents’ associations to be successful as an organization with higher standards of integrity. The final product is an internal system enabling better control of financial resources in an easy to learn and understand tool.
Analysis of the Impact of Industry 4.0 Technologies on Service Sector
Authors: Bayindir Bisar Jiyan , Shafighi Najla , Hajibashi Anahita Amini
Published: January 2025

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0, is characterized by a variety of technologies, such as IoT, AI, Big Data Analytics, Robotics, Blockchain, and AR, that cause a major transformation to happen. This research deals with the influence of these technologies on the performance of services within the service sector. In more detail, the research examines the influence of three main considerations: technology adoption, level of skills that employees possess, and amount of investment in technology. Despite the potential for Industry 4.0 technologies to increase the operational efficiency and create more satisfactory customer experiences, technology integration and workforce upskilling prove to be challenging aspects of the change. Using quantitative data analysis and a questionnaire survey, this research helps to analyze the problem and provide the solution through answering the question: how do Industry 4.0 technologies affect the performance of services in the service sector? Major research implications include that Industry 4.0 technologies highly contribute to efficient service performance because of increased efficiency, cost mitigation, and customer satisfaction. In order for those advantages to be reached, nonetheless, they need to be accompanied by significant investment in technology and human capital. The key advantages produced by this research consist in the improved understanding of how to support the strategic management instruments and the analysis concerning the working environment over the long term. An additional point entails that as a result of COVID-19 digital technologies have been adopted faster by all sectors. Therefore, any organization needs to be prepared for digital resilience. As a whole, the conclusion provides recommendations for strategic management support of service sector companies through digital technologies.
Alternative Measure of Dispersion in the Polar-Radar Chart Methodology for Activity Management
Authors: Pérez-Benedito Miguel Angel
Published: January 2025

Dynamic Activity measured through Averaging periods allows obtaining geometric figures to explain the effects of decision-making on management Activities. The sides of the triangle are perimeter distances whose lengths are tensions of types of management adopted by the companies. The type of management are variations of a kind of management identify by hierarchical ordering of perimeter distances. Measurement of Activities is developed through sufficiency indicators based on angular relationships of each area. Furthermore, intersections of linear equations generated from polar coordinates of triangle vertices, whose tangents are the mean angles of the vertices, form an alternative center of the triangle, which represents an equitable distribution of effects the decision making on financial statements. The manuscript considers its distance to the Cartesian center as a measure of dispersion, improving the estimation models.
Reconsideration of Research Methodologies: A Look at Major Trails and Concepts
Authors: Cibangu Sylvain
Published: January 2025

Reconsideration of research methodologies becomes a necessity as academic disciplines and their publications have been proliferating relentlessly in recent decades. While research methodologies determine the pay-off as well as validity of academic research across scientific disciplines, research practice tends not to verge on assessing research methodologies. One reason might be that the concept research methodologies and the like usually come in the form of how-to-do section or book, leaving discussions to other sections/books of research. Another reason lies in the fact that research methodologies are seen as mere verbiage or theory. Yet, research methodologies furnish the tools with which to practice research. The present paper tracked major trails, concepts, and recurrent misunderstandings of both positivism and interpretivism. The paper did so to allow for sharper methodological toolkits and keener research.
The Moderating Effect of Accounting Expertise on the Relationship Between Board Characteristics and Earnings Management "Evidence from Iraq"
Authors: Sakhil Ali Dakhil , Bajuri Norkhairul Hafiz , Hasan Hussein Falah , Ali Shireen Tawfeeq
Published: January 2025

The current study aims to examine how board characteristics impact earnings management in non-financial companies. Its primary objective is to ascertain whether accounting expertise modifies the association between board characteristics and earnings management. The data utilised in this study came from 598 firm-year observations from 46 non-financial sector businesses registered on the Iraqi Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2022. To take care of potential endogeneity and reverse causality, the study employed the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimate model. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between gender diversity, busyness, board independence, and earnings management. Conversely, the results show that the relationship between board independence, busyness, gender diversity, and earnings management is significantly and negatively moderated by accounting expertise. Thus, by investigating the subject experimentally in Iraq, this study adds to the body of existing literature. Additionally, by investigating whether accounting expertise moderates the association between board features and EM, the study fills the gap in the literature.
Generative AI in Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities for Course Learning
Authors: Zhang Jinbao
Published: January 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is transforming course learning in higher education. This study, based on two rounds of action research in two college courses, reveals critical challenges in this transformation. Findings indicate that students' reliance on GenAI can hinder their autonomy, critical thinking, and affective-social learning, while also raising concerns about content accuracy, intellectual property rights, and privacy. Although teacher guidance partially mitigates these issues, enhanced strategies are crucial. This study provides practical implications for optimizing curriculum design, teaching methods, and evaluation criteria, emphasizing the need to incorporate ethics education and strengthen emotional-social guidance. Future research directions are suggested to address the challenges of GenAI and ensure educational quality and student development.
Humanistic Insights of Korean Nursing Students
Authors: Kang Se-Won
Published: January 2025

This descriptive research study investigated the humanities insights of Korean nursing students. Participants in this study were 184 nursing students. Data were collected from November 1 to 7, 2024. The humanities insight score of nursing students was 3.34 out of 5 points. History had the highest score in the field of the humanities. Various educational methods should be developed to foster the humanities insights necessary for nursing students to practice the essence of nursing.
Thermo‐TRP regulation by endogenous factors and its physiological function at core body temperature
Authors: Kashio Makiko
Published: January 2025

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels with temperature sensitivities (thermo‐TRPs) are involved in various physiological processes. Thermo‐TRPs that detect temperature changes in peripheral sensory neurons possess indispensable functions in thermosensation, eliciting defensive behavior against noxious temperatures and driving autonomic/behavioral thermoregulatory responses to maintain body temperature in mammals. Moreover, most thermo‐TRPs are functionally expressed in cells and tissues where the temperature is maintained at a constant core body temperature. To perform physiological functions, the activity of each thermo‐TRP channel must be regulated by endogenous mechanisms at body temperature. Dysregulation of this process can lead to various diseases. This review highlights the endogenous factors regulating thermo‐TRP activity and physiological functions at constant core body temperature.
Uniform boundedness of oscillatory singular integrals with rational phases
Authors: Al-Qassem Hussain , Cheng Leslie , Pan Yibiao
Published: January 2025

We prove the uniform boundedness of oscillatory singular integrals with singular kernels

|
x
|

-
n

⁢
Ω
⁢

(

x

|
x
|

)

{|x|^{-n}\Omega(\frac{x}{|x|})}

and rational phases of the form

P
⁢

(
x
)

+

1

Q
⁢

(
x
)

{P(x)+\frac{1}{Q(x)}}

for arbitrary real-valued polynomials P and Q. Our main result shows that the condition

Q
⁢

(
0
)

=
0

{Q(0)=0}

imposed in [M. Folch-Gabayet and J. Wright,
An estimation for a family of oscillatory integrals,
Studia Math. 154 2003, 1, 89–97] is superfluous, which answers a question left open in that paper. As a secondary improvement of existing results, we also extend the space for

Ω
⁢

(
⋅
)

{\Omega(\,\cdot\,)}

from

L
⁢

log
⁡
L

⁢

(

𝕊

n
-
1

)

{L\log L({\mathbb{S}}^{n-1})}

to the strictly larger space

H
1

⁢

(

𝕊

n
-
1

)

{H^{1}({\mathbb{S}}^{n-1})}

.
Existence and multiplicity of non-radial sign-changing solutions for a semilinear elliptic equation in hyperbolic space
Authors: Manna Atanu , Manna Bhakti Bhusan
Published: January 2025

In this article, we consider the following problem:

-

Δ

𝔹
N

⁢
u

-

λ
⁢
u

=

|
u
|

p
-
1

⁢
u

,

u
∈

H
1

⁢

(

𝔹
N

)

,

-\Delta_{\mathbb{B}^{N}}u-\lambda u=|u|^{p-1}u,\quad u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{B}^{N}),

where

𝔹
N

{\mathbb{B}^{N}}

represents the Poincaré ball model of the hyperbolic space,

1
<
p
<

2
*

-
1

=

N
+
2

N
-
2

{1<p<2^{*}-1=\frac{N+2}{N-2}}

,

λ
<

(

N
-
1

)

2

4

{\lambda<\frac{(N-1)^{2}}{4}}

,

N
≥
4

{N\geq 4}

, and

H
1

⁢

(

𝔹
N

)

{H^{1}(\mathbb{B}^{N})}

denotes the Sobolev space on

𝔹
N

{\mathbb{B}^{N}}

. In [D. Ganguly and S. Kunnath,
Sign changing solutions of the Brezis–Nirenberg problem in the hyperbolic space,
Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 50 2014, 1–2, 69–91], Ganguly and Sandeep establish the existence of radial sign-changing solutions for the critical case. In this work, we will discuss the existence and multiplicity of non-radial sign-changing solutions for the sub-critical problem. To establish the presence of sign-changing solutions that are not radial, we will demonstrate the existence of an isometric group action on

𝔹
N

{\mathbb{B}^{N}}

and operate inside a permissible space of functions that change signs. We shall also discuss the multiplicity of sign-changing solutions.
On algebraic degrees of certain exponential sums over finite fields
Authors: Lin Xin
Published: January 2025

From a complex perspective, Birch and Bombieri (1985) proposed the study of an important class of n-dimensional exponential sums for

n
=
4

{n=4}

, which was then generalized by Katz (1987) to general positive integer n.
Our previous paper (2022) enhanced the preceding work from a complex point of view and expanded the subject to a p-adic point of view for any positive integer n. In this paper, we investigate the algebraic degree of the above exponential sum as an algebraic integer.
Agency as doing-together: learning from fieldwork experiences
Authors: Hernández García Jone M. , Pujolar Joan , Fernández González Noelia
Published: January 2025

Drawing on the perspective of critical sociolinguistics, this article presents preliminary reflections on the debate on agency in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. It draws upon three studies inspired by the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology, conducted in various contexts in the Spanish state: (i) a university setting of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, characterized by a high linguistic diversity that remains largely invisible; (ii) a cultural organization in Catalonia, whose objective is to overcome social and linguistic forms of segregation by fostering contact between recent migrants and the local population; (iii) sport clubs in the Basque Country, where young people are encouraged to use Euskara (the Basque language) and resist the tendency to resort to the more dominant Spanish language. We discuss diverse approaches to the notion of agency, while also offering an innovative perspective grounded in field experience: agency emerges as a “doing-together”, as a dialogic-collaborative process resulting from the interaction of researchers and participants. The outcomes of our interactions in the field extend beyond the confines of research studies, revealing the inherent political dimension of the project. This realization compels us, as researchers, to engage in ongoing reflection both within and beyond the context of fieldwork.
A New Era in the Arctic: On the Updated Version of Germany’s Arctic Guidelines
Authors:   Institute of 59 Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belov Vladislav , Kotov Alexander ,   Institute of 59 Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2025

On September 18, German Cabinet approved a strategic document prepared by the Federal Foreign Office, updating policy directions of the previous coalition concerning the Arctic region. German officials justified this step as a response to the challenges and geopolitical shifts that have occurred since 2019. The article analyzes the revised approach, with particular attention given to security issues in the Arctic region and, in this context, to Russia’s role and place in Germany’s Arctic strategy.
BRICS – competitive advantages and further challenges (to the chairmanship of Russia in BRICS in 2024)
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gromyko Al.
Published: January 2025

The article looks into main parameters in BRICS development, accumulated experience of success and prospects of the interstate Club. Under consideration are unique characteristics of BRICS and its numerous features, including the role of the Global South and East’s trumpet, a connecting hub between Russia and the non-Western world. A particular attention is paid to external and internal challenges in the evolution of the Club, which is fast in gaining weight and attractiveness for dozens of countries.
Kaja Kallas – the new High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Guseletov Boris
Published: January 2025

The article presents political profile of a new High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas. In late June 2024, Estonian Prime Minister K. Kallas, representing the European party Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, was approved as a candidate by the European Council and was submitted for approval by the European Parliament (EP). On November 11 Kallas took part in the hearings held by the EP on all candidates for membership in
the European Commission, where she outlined her position on the EU's foreign policy. Kallas focused on supporting Ukraine, opposing China and strengthening defense capability of the Union. On November 27 the EP approved K. Kallas and all other members of the European Commission, which began its work on December 1, 2024.
Comprehensive analysis of problems in the Arctic region during Russia’s preparation and chairmanship in the Arctic Council
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhuravel Valery
Published: January 2025

The monograph examines general strategy and policy issues of the Arctic Council founding countries and observing states in modern conditions. Attention is paid to the outputs and outcomes of Russia’s chairmanship in the Arctic Council in 2021–2023. Development of the Russian Arctic and its security problems under the US and EU sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis are analyzed. Author examines strategic directions of the Russian Arctic zone’s development under the ongoing state policy, global and national challenges. Practical activities for exploration and development of the Russian Arctic are analyzed in the conditions of international tension and pressure on Russia. Particular attention is paid to the global issues of defense and security in the Arctic as a macro-region.
Comparative drug-drug interactions of berberine and astragaloside IV in normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats based on UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS
Authors: Lei Yan , Xie Jiaqi , Xie Zhongshui , Zhao Xiaojun , Huang Jianmei , Wang Can
Published: January 2025

The UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method was established, validated, and used for the simultaneous detection of berberine (BBR), astragaloside IV (AST), and the main metabolites to demonstrate the comparative pharmacokinetics of BBR and AST in normal and T2DM rats. BBR and AST had reduced the internal exposure of each other and their main metabolites in normal rats. However, AST had few significant effects on the pharmacokinetic parameters of BBR and the main metabolites in T2DM rats. Similarly, BBR had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of AST but significantly increased the exposure to cycloastragenol (CAG) in vivo. Molecular docking of BBR and AST with the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was performed, which indicated that both BBR and AST are potential substrates for P-gp. The differences in gut microbiota between normal and T2DM rats were compared by 16S rRNA sequencing. Git microbiota that could produce β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase were highly abundant in T2DM rats. The current study indicated that BBR and AST had reduced oral bioavailability. The gut microbiota was enriched in the intestines of T2DM rats and promoted the hydrolysis of AST to produce CAG, while the drug-drug interaction between AST and BBR was blocked.
A Buddhist philosophical framework for understanding the experience of cancer and radiotherapy
Authors: Ruggiero Marco
Published: January 2025

This article explores the intersection of Buddhist philosophy and the experience of cancer, particularly in the context of radiotherapy. From a Buddhist perspective, cancer, like all phenomena, is understood as impermanent and arising from a complex interplay of causes and conditions. This perspective emphasizes acceptance of impermanence and the cultivation of equanimity to alleviate suffering associated with illness. The doctrine of interdependence highlights the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and emotional well-being, encouraging a holistic approach to health. Mindfulness meditation is presented as a valuable tool for managing stress, anxiety, and potentially influencing physiological processes like inflammation and immune function. The article also explores the Buddhist concepts of compassion, both for oneself and others, and wisdom as essential elements in the healing process. Furthermore, the principle of hendoku iyaku (Japanese for “changing poison into medicine”) is introduced as a metaphorical framework for understanding radiotherapy, where a harmful agent (radiation) is utilized for therapeutic benefit. The practice of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism, centered on chanting Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo, is discussed, referencing previous research by the author suggesting potential effects on brain activity, microbial metabolism, and non-local influences. Finally, the article speculates on potential links between the 116 Hz frequency generated during chanting and chloride ion movements, hypothesizing possible implications for cellular responses to radiation and mitigation of treatment side effects. While acknowledging the need for further scientific investigation, the article proposes that Buddhist principles and practices can offer valuable complementary support for patients undergoing radiotherapy, promoting peace, resilience, and hope. It is important to understand, however, that the practice of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism, particularly the chanting of Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo, is a multifaceted experience that includes both observable physiological effects and a subjective spiritual dimension. While scientific methods can investigate the former, the latter transcends purely empirical explanation.
Analysis of Digital Da’wa Ideology on Social Media: A Case Study of Preaching Actors on Youtube
Authors: Khotimah Nurul , Supena Ilyas , Amin Nasihun , Putra Pandika Adi , Setyawan Ari
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the ideology of digital preaching on YouTube delivered by Ustaz Firanda Andirja, Ustaz Abdul Somad, Ustaz Adi Hidayat, and Emha Ainun Nadjib (Cak Nun). Using a Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach, the research explores the social dynamics emerging from interactions in the comment sections of their preaching videos. The findings identify four dominant ideologies: literalist Islamism, which creates schisms in contextual and ethical preaching elements (Ustaz Firanda Andirja); nationalist Islamism, which causes schisms in contextual and comparative elements (Ustaz Abdul Somad); modernist Islamism, which generates schisms in historical elements (Ustaz Adi Hidayat); and conservative Islamism, which triggers schisms in contextual and ethical elements (Emha Ainun Nadjib). This study demonstrates that digital preaching content not only reflects the ideologies of the preachers but also significantly influences public opinion on social media. The findings highlight the importance of understanding ideological dimensions in digital preaching to address social dynamics more effectively.
Cultural Da'wah Harmony of Suran Punden Papringan Gede Tradition in Gunung Tugel Purwokerto
Authors: Saefulloh Aris , Malik Ahmed Abdul
Published: January 2025

This study intends to identify and thoroughly examine the harmony achieved by cultural da'wah in the Punden Papringan Gede suran ritual in Gunung Tugel, Purwokerto. The local tradition of suran is a form of cultural knowledge that captures the community's identity and social ideals. The research data was gathered through interviews, document analysis, and observation. An anthropological method to qualitative data analysis is used in this study. The study's findings include: (1) the creation of new traditions through the blending of Islam and local culture; and (2) the harmony of cultural da'wah in the suran ritual of Punden Papringan Gede in Gunung Tugel Purwokerto, which is illustrated through a number of events like krigan, tahlilan, selawatan, orphan compensation, tumpengan, and puppets. These ethical values are part of the Suran Papringan Gede tradition on Gunung Tugel Purwokerto: gratitude, prayer requests, unity, relatives, solidarity, and a work ethic. According to the study's results, the cultural da'wah approach is one way to preserve the sustainability of regional customs, promote social cohesiveness, and enhance religious and cultural studies. Additionally, this research contributes in developing of an adaptable da'wah model which may be employed in various regions with related traditions.
Human Nature: A Given and Development Prospects
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Dimitrova Svetlana , Sergodeeva Elena ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: January 2025

The emergence of biotechnologies, aimed not only at improving people’s health but also at improving/transforming the natural abilities of an individual, has made the problem of determining human nature urgent. The discussion of the conditions of necessity and the limits of the transformation of human nature ceases to be the subject of only interdisciplinary scientific research. The degree of influence on human nature, the change/ expansion of the boundaries of life and death lead to the need to turn to both philosophical and theological approaches. The Orthodox tradition asserts that God has endowed man with a perfect nature, which can be returned to by leading a righteous life. Meanwhile, philosophical anthropocentrism, based on the activist position of man, seeks by technical means to form a “god-man,” a cyberman. The significance of comparing theological and scientific approaches lies in the fact that the high level of technological development does not refute the idea of God, but, on the contrary, actualizes the need to appeal to theological views about the purpose of man. The consistent embodiment of the ideals of transformation/construction of human nature leads to ethical dilemmas, the resolution of which is possible with a change in the logic of actions in the process of overcoming the activist position. Activity should be based on transcendent values in order to exclude the occurrence of situations in which perfect means “dictate” goals and form development ideals. The rationale for the position that successful technological development was the basis for the proclamation of the primacy of moral values is presented through the analysis of the binary status of man – “man as a creator and as an artifact.” It is proposed to consider the degree of impact on human nature as a condition for the emergence of stages in the development of humanism: from knowledge of natural laws to the use of natural forces as means to achieve goals and to the production/construction of the “necessary body” of an individual. Consideration of the formation and development of the ideals of humanism allows us to point out that with technological development, reality is first created, and then the corresponding value system is constructed.
Migration from Small Towns: The Problem of Rootedness and Anchors of Entrenchment
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Patokina Natalia
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the social sources and factors of centripetal migration from small towns in Russia. The study was carried out in the town of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, as a fairly typical representative of this category of settlements, largely represented by the centers of municipalities. Gorodets is a city of regional significance, the center of a municipal district; it is populated by about 30,000 residents. This dimension contributes to the formation and sustainable functioning of the local territorial community. Gorodets has a certain socio-cultural tradition that distinguishes it from a number of "classmate" cities and is characterized by an established activity landscape. In the context of these features, the processes of city development, including the nature of interaction in relation to the state of the aggregate human capital of a small town, are more clearly manifested. The rent and unequal nature of these relations are noted. The possibility to apply here research optics with higher resolution makes it particularly interesting for analysis, to highlight universal, characteristic, not only for Gorodets, but also for other small towns, factors of rejection and rooting of residents. The work is based on the results of an expert survey of key actors of territorial development of the city: representatives of the authorities, NGOs, and the business community, conducted in December 2023 – January 2024. The purpose of the study was to identify the main factors that influence centripetal migration and push people out of the territory of origin and to determine the anchors for their anchoring in a small town. The article considers rootedness as a degree of inclusion in the local community and one of the forms of urban identity as one of the key factors determining the anchoring of people in the territory of a small town.
On Three Philosophical Reactions to the Crisis of Humanism
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rostova Natalia
Published: January 2025

The article reveals the essence of three philosophical strategies of modern philosophy concerning the reactions to the crisis of humanism. The author distinguishes, on the one hand, the Western philosophical tradition and, on the other, the Russian one, which proceed from a different understanding of man. The amplitude of Western European philosophy is set by humanism and posthumanism, that is, on the one hand, the understanding of man as the center of a world and a being whose exceptional dignity is reason, as well as the ability to be the measure of all things, and on the other hand, recognition of the ontological equality between human and nonhuman. The article shows that both lines of thought have a common source, and posthumanism is not opposed to humanism but, on the contrary, is its hyperbolized version. "Humanization" within the framework of posthumanism is not denied but extends to the entire extrahuman sphere. Thus, the person, according to this point of view, is deprived of a privileged ontological status. Simultaneously, the article highlights the dual nature of the declared anti humanistic movement in Western thought. Some authors are inclined to a new formulation of the question of man, while others are inclined to overcome the question of man in philosophy. Understanding of man in the Russian philosophical tradition is beyond logic; it is the struggle of anti-anthropocentrism with anthropocentrism. The criticism of humanism in this case is based on the idea of man in the perspective of the idea of God-humanity. Man is understood not as a pretender to the center of the world but as one whose metaphysical constitution is set by God. If the idea of ontological equality of man and the world turns out to be the mainstream of modern Western philosophy, then modern Russian thought is characterized by the philosophy of inequality and the understanding of man as different from the world.
Religious Nature of Human in the Light of Cognitive Symbolic Approach
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zubkovskaya Anastasija
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the cognitive-symbolic interpretation of the concept of the religious nature of human. The human ability to reproduce religious symbols is considered in the context of anthropological and philosophical observations by S. Langer, D. Sperber, and T. Deacon as, on the one hand, a human need that distinguishes him from animals, and, on the other hand, as a cognitive mechanism that arose as a result of his evolutionary development, associated mainly with his linguistic abilities and social activities. Theoretical observations about the irrational and "illogical" nature of religious symbolism are presented. Religious and scientific reproduction of symbols are compared as different types of abstraction construction. The convergence of artistic and religious symbolic activities is shown. The problem is posed by a comparative study of different types of symbolic activity in art, in myth, and in mathematics. It also indicates the need to develop this issue in line with the study of religious imagination. In the light of the cognitive-symbolic approach, the concept of the religious nature of human is interpreted from a naturalistic point of view as a feature of the human species that arose as a result of cultural and biological evolution.