bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Cancer Malnutrition Impacts Weight and Quality of Life
Authors: Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Handschel Jörg , Holtmann Henrik , Krüskemper Gertrud
Published: March 2015

Diet is important for both quality of life (QoL) and survival of patients with oral cancer. Their intake of food is impeded by functional restrictions in chewing and swallowing. In the DÖSAK REHAB STUDY 1652 patients from 38 hospitals within the German-language area of Germany; Austria and Switzerland were examined with regard to functional and psychological variables having an impact on diet. Chewing and swallowing are correlated with mobility of the tongue and the mandible as well as opening of the mouth. Thirty five percent of the patients lost weight; 41% maintained their weight and 24% gained weight. The QoL of patients who were able to maintain their weight and of those who gained weight was significantly better than that of patients who lost weight. A normal diet was important for maintaining weight. Mashed food; liquid food and loss of appetite were closely associated with loss of weight; although it was possible for nutritional counseling and dietary support to be implemented particularly favorably in this respect. Due to problems with eating patients’ strength deteriorated; thus restricting activity. Radiotherapy had a negative impact on diet and weight. It influenced sense of taste; dryness of the mouth; swelling and discomfort when ingesting food. Pain and scars in the region of the operation also cause patients to dislike hard; spicy and sour food. Support from a nutritional counselor in implementing a calorie-rich diet remedied this and such support needs to be integrated into patient management. The fact that a poor nutritional status is of such great importance is well-known; but what is often lacking is the systematic implementation of continued professional nutritional counseling over a long period of time; weight control and psycho-social support of the operated patients; particularly those who also have had radiotherapy.
Use of Food Practices by Childcare Staff and the Association with Dietary Intake of Children at Childcare
Authors: Gubbels Jessica , Gerards Sanne , Kremers Stef
Published: March 2015

The study explored the associations between various childcare staff food practices and children’s dietary intake at childcare. A total of 398 one- to four-year-old children and 24 childcare staff members from 24 Dutch childcare centers participated in the study. Children’s dietary intake (fruit, vegetable, sweet snack, savory snack, water, and sweet drink intake) at childcare was registered on two weekdays, using observations by dieticians and childcare staff. Thirteen childcare staff practices were assessed using questionnaires administered by dieticians. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression analyses. Children consumed relatively much fruit and many sweet snacks at childcare, and they mainly drank sweet drinks. Various staff practices were associated with children’s dietary intake. When staff explained what they were doing to the children during food preparation, children ate significantly more fruit. Children ate less sweet snacks when they were allowed to help prepare the meals. When staff encouraged children to continue eating, they ate more vegetables. In conclusion, the study showed the importance of childcare staff food practices for children’s food intake at childcare. More research is needed to examine the specific conditions under which food practices can have a positive impact on children’s dietary intake.
On the Importance of Electron Beam Brightness in High Gain Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Di Mitri Simone
Published: March 2015

Linear accelerators delivering high brightness electron beams are essential for driving short wavelength, high gain free-electron lasers (FELs). The FEL radiation output efficiency is often parametrized through the power gain length that relates FEL performance to electron beam quality at the undulator. In this review article we illustrate some approaches to the preliminary design of FEL linac-drivers, and analyze the relationship between the output FEL wavelength, exponential gain length and electron beam brightness. We extend the discussion to include FEL three-dimensional effects and electron beam projected emittances. Although mostly concentrating on FELs based upon self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), our findings are in some cases highly relevant to externally seeded FELs.
Robotized Inspection of Vertical Structures of a Solar Power Plant Using NDT Techniques
Authors: Felsch Torsten , Strauss Gunnar , Perez Carmen , Rego José , Maurtua Iñaki , Susperregi Loreto , Rodríguez Jorge
Published: March 2015

Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are expansive facilities that require substantial inspection and maintenance. A fully automated inspection robot increases the efficiency of maintenance work, reduces operating and maintenance costs, and improves safety and work conditions for service technicians. This paper describes a climbing robot that is capable of performing inspection and maintenance on vertical surfaces of solar power plants, e.g., the tubes of the receiver in a central tower CSP plant. Specifically, the service robot’s climbing mechanism is explained and the results of the nondestructive inspection methods are reviewed. The robot moves on the panels of the receiver in the tower and aligns the sensors correctly for inspection. The vertical movement of the climbing kinematics is synchronized with the movement of the tower’s crane. Various devices that detect surface defects and thickness losses inside the tube were integrated into the robot. Since the tubes are exposed to very high radiation, they need to be inspected regularly.
Cyberbullying or Cyber Aggression?: A Review of Existing Definitions of Cyber-Based Peer-to-Peer Aggression
Authors: Corcoran Lucie , Guckin Conor , Prentice Garry
Published: March 2015

Due to the ongoing debate regarding the definitions and measurement of cyberbullying, the present article critically appraises the existing literature and offers direction regarding the question of how best to conceptualise peer-to-peer abuse in a cyber context. Variations across definitions are problematic as it has been argued that inconsistencies with regard to definitions result in researchers examining different phenomena, whilst the absence of an agreed conceptualisation of the behaviour(s) involved hinders the development of reliable and valid measures. Existing definitions of cyberbullying often incorporate the criteria of traditional bullying such as intent to harm, repetition, and imbalance of power. However, due to the unique nature of cyber-based communication, it can be difficult to identify such criteria in relation to cyber-based abuse. Thus, for these reasons cyberbullying may not be the most appropriate term. Rather than attempting to “shoe-horn” this abusive behaviour into the preconceived conceptual framework that provides an understanding of traditional bullying, it is timely to take an alternative approach. We argue that it is now time to turn our attention to the broader issue of cyber aggression, rather than persist with the narrow focus that is cyberbullying.
Challenges in Delivering Green Building Projects: Unearthing the Transaction Costs (TCs)
Authors: Qian Queena , Chan Edwin , Khalid Abd
Published: March 2015

Delivering green building (GB) projects involve some activities that are atypical in comparison with conventional buildings. Such new activities are characterized by uncertainty, and they incur hidden costs that have not been expected nor are they readily appreciated among the stakeholders. This paper develops a typology and chronology to examine the new activities that are associated with transaction costs (TCs) in the real estate development process (REDP) of green building. Through in-depth interviews with representatives from the major developers in Hong Kong who have experiences in GB practice, this study aims to unearth TCs involved at the critical stages of the REDP. Apart from reconfirming the early project planning stage as the most critical in the consideration of TCs, the study results also identified “extra legal liability risk of the GB product” as the major concern for any GB developer in Hong Kong. The key additional activities that bring significant TCs in developing GB are identified and compared to their traditional counterparts. In turn, project managers not only have to pursue overall cost management whilst winning more business, but they also have to pay particular attention to sustainability in order to minimize hidden societal costs. The study also provides a reference for governments and professionals that will aid in forming policy as well as advance the practice of the GB market by optimizing the societal costs.
Die Miniaturen zweier Exultet-Rollen : London, Add 30337 and VAT, Barb. lat. 592
Authors: Baldass Peter
Published: March 2015

RESUME : Beide Werke, die Rolle in London und die Fragmente bei Barberini sind, wie Analyse und Einordnung der Miniaturen und Initialen ergeben, in reif- bzw. spâtdesiderianischer Zeit auf Montecassino entstanden. Das Werk in London diirfte ein wenig alter sein (umA. D. 1072) (1) als das barberinische Rotulus-Fragment, das man ins letzte Viertel des 11. Jh. zu datieren hat. Beide Werke sind, wie der Stilunterschied beweist, in zwei verschiedenen Ateliers desselben Klosters etwa gleichzeitig entstanden.

Im nàchsten Band des Scriptorium (1954/2) werde ich versuchen, den ,,Ursprung der Exultetillustration" aufzuzeigen und die Frage nach dem Prototyp der, vermittelt oder direkt, den beiden hier besprechenen montecassinensischen Exultetillustrationen zugrunde gelegen hat, behan- deln.
Interaction intimacy of pathogens and herbivores with their host plants influences the topological structure of ecological networks in different ways
Authors: Benítez‐Malvido Julieta , Dáttilo Wesley
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Over the past two decades an interest in the role that plant–animal mutualistic networks play in the organization and dynamic of biodiversity has steadily risen. Despite the ecological, evolutionary, and economic importance of plant–herbivore and plant–pathogen antagonistic relationships, however, few studies have examined these interactions in an ecological network framework.

• Methods: We describe for the first time the topological structure of multitrophic networks involving congeneric tropical plant species of the genus Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, Zingiberales) and their herbivores and pathogens in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. We based our study on the available literature describing the organisms (e.g., insects, mites, fungi, and bacteria) that attack 24 different species, hybrids, and cultivated varieties of Heliconia.

• Key results: In general, pathogen– and herbivore–Heliconia networks differed in their topological structure (more modular vs. more nested, respectively): pathogen–Heliconia networks were more specialized and compartmentalized than herbivore–Heliconia networks. High modularity was likely due to the high intimacy that pathogens have with their host plants as compared with the more generalized feeding modes and behavior of herbivores. Some clusters clearly reflected the clustering of closely related cultivated varieties of Heliconia sharing the same pathogens.

• Conclusions: From a commercial standpoint, different varieties of the same Heliconia species may be more susceptible to being attacked by the same species of pathogens. In summary, our study highlights the importance of interaction intimacy in structuring trophic relationships between plants and pathogens in the tropics.
Apparent similarity, underlying homoplasy: Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the North American clade of Manihot
Authors: Cervantes‐Alcayde María‐Angélica , Olson Mark E. , Olsen Kenneth M. , Eguiarte Luis E.
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Morphologically diverse clades are useful for detecting adaptive morphological evolution. Each of their variants may have evolved once or several times, suggesting that their repeated appearance may be due to environmental pressures. The North American Manihot species are an excellent system to detect possible adaptations and to assess the effect of mono‐ or polyphyly on classification. With 20 species, this group includes growth forms from tuberous herbs to trees. The monophyly of this group and its relationship with the economically important M. esculenta were tested for the first time with complete sampling of North American species.

• Methods: We carried out maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses on a matrix of 3662 bp from chloroplast (psbA‐trnH, trnL‐trnF) and nuclear loci (PEPC and two paralogous copies of G3pdh). We included all North American Manihot species, Manihotoides pauciflora, and published sequences from 34 South American species.

• Key results: Our results support monophyly of the North American Manihot group. Its taxonomic sections are paraphyletic, and three to four growth forms evolved repeatedly. Manihotoides pauciflora is nested within North American Manihot species. Some PEPC and G3pdh clones grouped with clones of other species and not with clones from their own species.

• Conclusions: North and South American Manihot species are sister clades. Paraphyly of North American sections suggests that taxonomic revision is warranted. The position of Manihotoides pauciflora confirms that Manihotoides should remain subsumed within Manihot. Most growth forms likely evolved repeatedly in this group. The behavior of PEPC and G3pdhNA clones is probably due to incomplete lineage sorting.
Targeted Therapy in her2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhu X. , Verma S.
Published: March 2015

Breast tumours positive for HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) represent approximately 20% of all breast cancer cases and are associated with an aggressive natural history. The advent of targeted anti-HER2 therapies has dramatically improved disease control and survival in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Targeted agents are now considered the standard of care in the first-line setting and beyond. The present review summarizes the currently available data on targeted anti-HER2 therapies from completed randomized phase III clinical trials and briefly discusses emerging advances that will address unmet needs in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.
ROAD NETWORK RESERVE CAPACITY WITH STOCHASTIC USER EQUILIBRIUM
Authors: Wang Jian , Deng Wei , Zhao Jinbao
Published: March 2015

To relax the strong assumption associated with User Equilibrium (UE) in the previous research of network reserve capacity conducted by Gao and Song (2002), this paper assumes that the drivers all make route choices based on Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE) principle. Similarly, two bi-level programs are formulated to study the network reserve capacity with SUE problem. The first bi-level program is developed to maximize the network reserve capacity by optimizing signal settings while the traffic demands are reassigned by SUE model. The second program extends the research with Continuous Network Design (CND) problem to find the maximum possible increase in reserve capacity through optimizing allocation of network investment. Two methods, i.e. the sensitivity analysis-based method and Genetic Algorithm (GA), are detailed formulated to solve the bi-level reserve capacity problem. Application of the proposed model and its solution algorithms on two numerical examples find that the network reserve capacity does not always increase with improved quality of drivers’ information. Besides, CND can not only help to increase network reserve capacity, but also can help to make more use of physical capacity of road network at Deterministic User Equilibrium (DUE) condition, thus reduces the difference of reserve capacity between the assumptions of SUE and DUE.
Travailleurs étrangers, réfugiés syriens et marché du travail
Authors: Longuenesse Élisabeth
Published: March 2015

En 2011, la moitié du million et demi d’actifs au Liban étaient des non Libanais, et parmi eux, de 300 à 400 000 syriens, employés principalement dans l’agriculture et le bâtiment, mais aussi dans les services, en particulier hôtellerie, restauration, souvent sur une base saisonnière. L’arrivée de centaines de milliers de réfugiés a complètement bouleversé la situation du marché du travail, aggravant la pression sur les salaires et les conditions de travail des catégories les plus vulnérables de travailleurs, libanais et non libanais. L’article s’interroge sur les implications de la fragmentation accrue du monde du travail qui en découle et la façon dont celle-ci s’inscrit dans la dynamique de mondialisation des marchés.
Les réfugiés de Syrie dans le camp de Chatila : conflits de légitimité et solidarités entre « nouveaux » et « anciens » réfugiés
Authors: Abou Zaki Hala C.
Published: March 2015

Depuis le début des soulèvements en Syrie en mars 2011, des dizaines de milliers de Syriens et de Palestiniens de Syrie réfugiés au Liban, se sont installés dans les camps de réfugiés palestiniens. Le camp de Chatila, situé dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth, accueillerait ainsi aujourd’hui près de 2250 Syriens et 2000 Palestiniens de Syrie. Ces « nouveaux » réfugiés sont arrivés dans un camp qui souffrait déjà d’une très forte densité d’habitants (avec plus de 13000 habitants pour une surface de moins d’un kilomètre carré) et de conditions de vie précaires tant au niveau de l’habitat que sur les plans socioéconomique et éducatif. Dans ce contexte, l’arrivée de nouveaux réfugiés a détérioré un peu plus la situation dans le camp et des conflits de légitimité sont apparus entre « anciens » et « nouveaux » réfugiés, notamment autour de l’habitat et des services dispensés par l’UNRWA et les ONG. Ces tensions se sont accompagnées, cependant, de manifestations réelles de solidarités. Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière l’impact et les enjeux de l’installation des Syriens et Palestiniens de Syrie dans le camp de Chatila.
Benefiting from a Crisis: Lebanese Upscale Real-Estate Industry and the War in Syria
Authors: Ashkar Hisham
Published: March 2015

L’industrie imobilière libanaise est en crise. Ici et là, des voix rendent la guerre en Syrie responsable de ses malheurs. Pourtant, non seulement elle a commencé bien avant le soulèvement, mais il semble que le secteur de l’immobilier profite des évènements de Syrie. Les investissements syriens et la demande de logements haut de gamme par les classes supérieures syriennes l’aident à ne pas plonger un peu plus dans la récession. Bien plus, la guerre en Syrie lui fournit des arguments permettant de brouiller les causes réelles de cette crise et de produire un nouveau discours dans l’espoir d’une répétition de la bulle immobilière dans les mêmes termes pernicieux.
La ville de Tripoli, marginalité ou dépérissement ?
Authors: Chahal Nahla
Published: March 2015

La ville de Tripoli au Liban : foyer potentiel de « groupes terroristes » comme il est désormais convenu de le croire, ou du moins espace social ultra conservateur qui offre une base à un islam radical comme le pensent les observateurs « indulgents » ? Profil de la deuxième ville du pays, marginalisée politiquement et économiquement par la force de l’Histoire et la volonté d’établir un centralisme débridé dans ce petit pays si complexe, ces circonstances se sont greffées à une défaillance marquée de ses élites. Aperçu des conséquences sociales. Un cas d’école.
Skill-based Medical English Teaching in a Corporate Environment
Authors: Arani Jafar Asgari
Published: March 2015

Background: Medical English has been enjoying a good deal of popularity among doctors and medical students having an extraordinary effect on their competencies .This article proposes the use of a competency-based approach in a Blended-Learning English for Medical Purposes (EMP) course design for the students of medicine. The objectives of the study were to investigate the medical English needs of the students of medicine, to develop a Blended-Learning competency-based EMP course module for the students of medicine, and to examine the opinions of students toward the course module.

Method& Materials: The study was a descriptive and experimental research. The course was taught using Drupal Platform and Web 2.0 tools as supplement to traditional face-to-face classroom. EMP needs were analyzed by interviewing 45 key students and a questionnaire survey with 140 students of medicine. The qualitative data from the interview were analyzed by content analysis while the quantitative data from the questionnaire survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and standard deviation). For course evaluation, the pretest and posttest score were analyzed by comparing the mean scores of the pretest and posttest using t-test.

Findings: The Blended Learning course module was validated by the experts and piloted with a group of learners having the similar characteristics as the subjects in the main study. The results of t = -15.09 indicated that the participants in the study had higher scores in their posttest than in the pretest at a significant level (p< .05). The standard deviation of all criteria (SD <1) shows that the consistency of the students opinions responses did not vary much.

Conclusion: Blended-Learning competency-based English course module can meet the needs of the students of medicine in terms of the EMP course which has conceptualized the content around the competencies needed for their studies.
Self-Paced E-Training in E-Learning for University Teaching Staff
Authors: Al-Malki Norah Ahmed , Almasre Miada , Al-Malki Abdullah , Al-Harbi Rania
Published: March 2015

The shift towards adopting e-training methods and practices in the workplace to equip staff with soft and hard skills have become an essential component of training in many Higher Education institutions. The aim of this paper is to advocate such a shift in Saudi universities through presenting the preliminary outcomes of a short-scale pilot study conducted by the Deanship of E-learning and Distance Education (DELDE) during August 2014. Basically, the paper introduces the results of a first run of a self-paced e-training program focusing on introducing topics related to e-learning development and instruction. The paper 1) explores the pedagogical motivation for adopting the self-paced learning model, 2) outlines the elements of the developed course, and 3) discusses the results of the first run of the e-training program.
Open Source LMS
Authors: Fish Joseph
Published: March 2015

Here’s the Top 5 Security and Open Source Questions You Should Ask Your LMS Vendor
Resisting Organizational Change
Authors: Andersson Gunnar
Published: March 2015

We are continuously reminded of how change induces controversy and resistance, regardless of support. We repeatedly experience resistance in difficulties of implementation, little progress, and poor results, rather than increased productivity as anticipated. In a detailed account of how change plays out, a mosaic of what resistance looks like emerges. The picture is both familiar and absolutely concrete, and challenges the structural assumptions and dichotomies on support and resistance in an organization. The findings invite technologies, people, actions, practices and materiality to the discussions on support and resistance.
Corporate Learning in Times of Digital Transformation: A Conceptual Framework and Service Portfolio for the Learning Function in Banking Organisations
Authors: Schuchmann Daniela , Seufert Sabine
Published: March 2015

Digital transformation is one of the major challenges in all industries. It embraces the realignment of technology and new business models to more effectively engage digital customers at every touchpoint in the costumer experience lifecycle. Therefore, successful digital transformation begins with an understanding of digital consumer behavior, preferences and choices. It then leads to major consumer-centric changes within the organisation that address these needs. Such a consumer-centric and self-directed client structure has significant consequences for banks. Banks will need to continue existing services, while developing strategies to manage the shift in mix.

For that reason, banking organisations are challenged to consider exploration new business fields and not only focus on exploitation anymore. Finally they need to ensure a successful balance between both. This means they have to establish a general development orientation and afford implementing innovations at the same time they focus on efficiency by utilizing and optimizing the existing. Pressure for doing this is definitely there and causes in current dynamic changes in the finance market, new competitors in the branch and little differentiation among offered banking services. Hence, they need to enhance their continuous learning ability, which is an essential precondition for coping with innovations.

This paper follows the research question “how can the learning function foster the enhancement of the banking organisation’s learning and innovation ability in times of digital transformation?” This is closely linked to the kind of services a learning function needs to enhance or integrate for supporting and designing a learning organization. With the idea underlying enterprise 2.0, social media platforms offer valuable opportunities for doing this. From an educational management perspective, we focus on the design levels of individuals, teams, and organisation in banks.

Derived from our theoretical framework we suggest a conceptual model for managing organisational learning for continuous innovation based on four action areas. We examine the appropriateness of this framework in the practice field through eleven case studies in banking organisations. This approach allows a further development of these areas and to develop an understanding of what are current and future starting points for action in banking organisations. Finally, we identify new roles and services of the learning function for supporting the organisations.
Aesthetic Sensibility
Authors: Berleant Arnold
Published: March 2015

Aesthetics is fundamentally a theory of sensible experience. Its scope has expanded greatly from centering on the arts and scenic nature to the full range of appreciative experience. Expanding the range of aesthetics raises challenging questions about the experience of appreciation. Traditional accounts are inadequate to identify and illuminate the perceptual experiences that these new applications evoke. Considering the range of environmental and everyday occasions aesthetically changes aesthetics into a descriptive and not necessarily celebratory study of sensible experience, for it must now accommodate a complete range of negative as well as positive values.
Innovations dans les écoquartiers : quelques leçons pour la gouvernance de la transition énergétique
Authors: Branche Stéphane La
Published: March 2015

Les efforts d’élaboration des projets d’écoquartiers s’inscrivent pleinement dans le processus de transition énergétique et sont des illustrations territorialisées des moteurs et des freins aux innovations énergétiques en matière d’efforts d’efficacité mais surtout de diversité énergétique. Ces efforts agglomèrent non seulement des techniques et des réseaux mais aussi les acteurs de l’énergie qui y sont associés et soulèvent donc plus que la question des innovations techniques, celle de l’innovation de la gouvernance. Nous mettons en avant la notion de nœud socioénergétique pour traiter de cette rencontre entre les techniques de l’énergie et les dimensions sociales et politiques de l’énergie caractérisant la gouvernance mise en œuvre dans ces projets. Nos cas d’étude sont issus de terrains dans des écoquartiers mais les leçons apprises, les freins et les résolutions des problèmes de gouvernance sont emblématiques d’enjeux plus larges au cœur de la transition énergétique.
The Landing Error Scoring System as a Screening Tool for an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury–Prevention Program in Elite-Youth Soccer Athletes
Authors: Padua Darin A. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Beutler Anthony I. , de la Motte Sarah J. , DiStefano Michael J. , Marshall Steven W.
Published: March 2015

Context

Identifying neuromuscular screening factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a critical step toward large-scale deployment of effective ACL injury-prevention programs. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment of jump-landing biomechanics.

Objective

To investigate the ability of the LESS to identify individuals at risk for ACL injury in an elite-youth soccer population.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Field-based functional movement screening performed at soccer practice facilities.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 829 elite-youth soccer athletes (348 boys, 481 girls; age = 13.9 ± 1.8 years, age range = 11 to 18 years), of whom 25% (n = 207) were less than 13 years of age.

Intervention(s)

Baseline preseason testing for all participants consisted of a jump-landing task (3 trials). Participants were followed prospectively throughout their soccer seasons for diagnosis of ACL injuries (1217 athlete-seasons of follow-up).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Landings were scored for “errors” in technique using the LESS. We used receiver operator characteristic curves to determine a cutpoint on the LESS. Sensitivity and specificity of the LESS in predicting ACL injury were assessed.

Results

Seven participants sustained ACL injuries during the follow-up period; the mechanism of injury was noncontact or indirect contact for all injuries. Uninjured participants had lower LESS scores (4.43 ± 1.71) than injured participants (6.24 ± 1.75; t1215 = −2.784, P = .005). The receiver operator characteristic curve analyses suggested that 5 was the optimal cutpoint for the LESS, generating a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 64%.

Conclusions

Despite sample-size limitations, the LESS showed potential as a screening tool to determine ACL injury risk in elite-youth soccer athletes.
CD151—A Striking Marker for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kumari Seema , Gayatri Devi V. , Badana Anil , Dasari Venkata Ramesh , Malla Rama Rao
Published: March 2015

Cluster of differentiation 151 (CD151) is a member of the mammalian tetraspanin family, which is involved in diverse functions such as maintaining normal cellular integrity, cell-to-cell communication, wound healing, platelet aggregation, trafficking, cell motility and angiogenesis. CD151 also supports de novo carcinogenesis in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and tumor metastasis. CD151 interacts with α3β1 and α6β4 integrins through palmitoylation where cysteine plays an important role in the association of CD151 with integrins and non-integrin proteins. Invasion and metastasis of cancer cells were diminished by decreasing CD151 association with integrins. CD151 functions at various stages of cancer, including metastatic cascade and primary tumor growth, thus reinforcing the importance of CD151 as a target in oncology. The present review highlights the role of CD151 in tumor metastasis and its importance in cancer therapy.
Stratigraphy, provenance and tectonic setting of the Lumsden Dam and Bluestone Quarry formations (Lower Ordovician), Halifax Group, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Pothier Hayley D. , Waldron John W.F. , White Chris E. , Dufrane S. Andrew , Jamieson Rebecca A.
Published: March 2015

<span style="font-family: 'Minion Pro','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Cambrian to Ordovician metamorphosed clastic sedimentary rocks of the Meguma terrane have no correlatives elsewhere in Atlantic Canada but are similar to successions in North Wales. In the Meguma terrane, the Cambrian Goldenville Group, dominated by sandstone, is overlain by the Halifax Group, consisting mainly of fine-grained slate and siltstone. Within the Halifax Group widespread Furongian black slate units are overlain by greyer units with rare Early Ordovician fossils, assigned to the laterally equivalent Bear River, Feltzen, Bluestone Quarry, Lumsden Dam and Glen Brook formations. The type section of the Bluestone Quarry Formation, here defined, is on Halifax Peninsula, where four constituent members are recognized; the type section of the Lumsden Dam Formation is here defined in the Lumsden Dam region near Wolfville. Detrital zircons extracted from a sample of the Lumsden Dam Formation show a range of ages similar to those displayed by the underlying Goldenville Group, including abundant Neoproterozoic zircon representing Avalonian or Pan-African sources, and a prominent group of peaks between 1.95 and 2.2 Ga, probably representing sources in West Africa. A sample from the Glen Brook Formation east of Halifax shows a similar distribution. In contrast to the correlative Welsh successions, no influx of Mesoproterozoic zircon is seen in Early Ordovician samples, suggesting that, if the two basins were in close proximity in the Cambrian, they had diverged by the Early Ordovician, possibly as a result of strike-slip motion along the margin of Gondwana.
Evaluating Outcomes of Electronic Tools Supporting Physician Shift-to-Shift Handoffs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Davis Joshua , Riesenberg Lee Ann , Mardis Matthew , Donnelly John , Benningfield Branden , Youngstrom Mallory , Vetter Imelda
Published: March 2015

Background

Multiple organizations have recognized that handoffs are prone to errors, and there has been an increase in the use of electronic health records and computerized tools in health care.

Objective

This systematic review evaluates the current evidence on the effectiveness of electronic solutions used to support shift-to-shift handoffs.

Methods

We searched the English-language literature for research studies published between January 1, 2008, and September 19, 2014, using National Library of Medicine PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL, OvidSP All Journals, and ProQuest PsycINFO. Included studies focused on the evaluation of physician shift-to-shift handoffs and an electronic solution designed to support handoffs. We assessed articles using a quality scoring system, conducted a review of barriers and strategies, and categorized study outcomes into self-report, process, and outcome measures.

Results

Thirty-seven articles met inclusion criteria, including 20 single group pre- and posttest studies; 8 posttest only or cross-sectional studies; 4 nonrandomized controlled trials; 1 cohort study; 1 randomized crossover study; and 3 qualitative studies. Quality scores ranged from 3.5 to 14 of a possible 16. Most articles documented some positive outcomes, with 2 of the 3 studies evaluating patient outcomes yielding statistically significant improvements. The only other study that analyzed patient outcomes showed that interventions other than the electronic tool were responsible for most of the significant improvements.

Conclusions

The majority of studies supported using an electronic tool, yet few measured patient outcomes, and numerous studies suffered from methodology issues. Future studies should evaluate patient outcomes, improve study design, assess the role of faculty oversight, and broaden the focus to recognize the role of human factors.
Solitary Peripheral Osteoma of the Mandible presented as Trismus
Authors: Manekar Varsha Sunil , Dewalwar Vishal
Published: March 2015

Osteoma is rare benign tumors of bone commonly seen in the maxillofacial skeleton. Peripheral osteoma is more frequent in the mandible than the maxilla. The present article is a case report of peripheral osteoma at angle of mandible below the masseter muscle. Though the lesion is benign, the reduced mouth opening caused a lot of inconvenience to the patient. The patient's primary complaint was trismus and swelling at angle of mandible. The computed tomography (CT) scan was diagnostic of calcification at the angle. The differential diagnosis includes osteoma and calcification in masseter muscle. The lesion was excised through Risdon's incision. The surgical dissection of muscle fibers revealed the attachment of the bony lesion on the outer cortex of angle. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis of osteoma. The location of lesion below the masseter muscle resulted in lot of inconvenience of reduced mouth opening and diagnostic difficulty. The excision was followed by physiotherapy to increase the mouth opening.

How to cite this article

Manekar VS, Dewalwar V. Solitary Peripheral Osteoma of the Mandible presented as Trismus. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):161-164.
Evaluation of high-resolution precipitation analyses using a dense station network
Authors: Kann A. , Meirold-Mautner I. , Schmid F. , Kirchengast G. , Fuchsberger J. , Meyer V. , Tüchler L. , Bica B.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The ability of radar–rain gauge merging algorithms to precisely analyse convective precipitation patterns is of high interest for many applications, e.g. hydrological modelling, thunderstorm warnings, and, as a reference, to spatially validate numerical weather prediction models. However, due to drawbacks of methods like cross-validation and due to the limited availability of reference data sets on high temporal and spatial scales, an adequate validation is usually hardly possible, especially on an operational basis. The present study evaluates the skill of very high-resolution and frequently updated precipitation analyses (rapid-INCA) by means of a very dense weather station network (WegenerNet), operated in a limited domain of the southeastern parts of Austria (Styria). Based on case studies and a longer-term validation over the convective season 2011, a general underestimation of the rapid-INCA precipitation amounts is shown by both continuous and categorical verification measures, although the temporal and spatial variability of the errors is – by convective nature – high. The contribution of the rain gauge measurements to the analysis skill is crucial. However, the capability of the analyses to precisely assess the convective precipitation distribution predominantly depends on the representativeness of the stations under the prevalent convective condition.
Can we manipulate root system architecture to control soil erosion?
Authors: Ola A. , Dodd I. C. , Quinton J. N.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Soil erosion is a major threat to soil functioning. The use of vegetation to control erosion has long been a topic for research. Much of this research has focused on the above ground properties of plants, demonstrating the important role that canopy structure and cover plays in the reduction of water erosion processes. Less attention has been paid to plant roots. Plant roots are a crucial yet under-researched factor for reducing water erosion through their ability to alter soil properties, such as aggregate stability, hydraulic function and shear strength. However, there have been few attempts to manipulate plant root system properties to reduce soil erosion. Therefore, this review aims to explore the effects that plant roots have on soil erosion and hydrological processes, and how plant root architecture might be manipulated to enhance its erosion control properties. We clearly demonstrate the importance of root system architecture for the control of soil erosion. We also demonstrate that some plant species respond to nutrient enriched patches by increasing lateral root proliferation. The soil response to root proliferation will depend upon its location: at the soil surface dense mats of roots may block soil pores thereby limiting infiltration, enhancing runoff and thus erosion; whereas at depth local increases in shear strength may reinforce soils against structural failure at the shear plane. Additionally, in nutrient deprived regions, root hair development may be stimulated and larger amounts of root exudates released, thereby improving aggregate stability and decreasing erodibility. Utilising nutrient placement at depth may represent a potentially new, easily implemented, management strategy on nutrient poor agricultural land or constructed slopes to control erosion, and further research in this area is needed.
Letter From the Dean
Authors: Nonneman Gerd
Published: March 2015

I am delighted to be able to introduce this second issue of the MESSA Journal: delighted because it shows that what began as an ambitious experiment has proven itself and is growing into an institution; because the Journal - and the associated conference - are the result of a sustained pattern of student-led intellectual engagement that speaks directly both to our SFS remit and to our location; because it represents so well the range of social science interests (and methods) we ourselves at SFS-Q pursue; and because it brings together an impressive set of SFS-Q students with outstanding colleagues both from Qatar (from our Education City partner, Northwestern University Qatar) and the US (from our ‘mothership’ on the Hilltop in Washington), as well as from Harvard and the University of Southern California.

The theme - ‘narrowing the gap: conversations between governing and the governed’ - is of ever greater importance in the Middle East, even if, or precisely because, its practice has been so often constrained or even repressed. As economic and demographic challenges multiply and political and economic governance models have been found less than adequate, and as conversations about implied social contracts become inescapable, engagement in research and thinking about such matters is a matter of the highest importance. It is especially welcome that the

The dynamic between the ‘governing’ and the ‘governed’, of course, does not only appear at the national, state level (as, for example, in the article on Egypt as a ‘conflict state’, or, in a very original way, that on the repurposing of reggae music in Palestine): it suffuses formal and informal relations throughout society, from gender issues (see the articles on women’s status in Morocco, Iran and Somalia), to the politics of identity (the article on Jordan’s Black September and its impact), and the source and control of norms (see the article on Islamic authority being usurped by ulama and the state). At the same time, it also comes in regional or international flavors: see the articles on Nasser’s use of Sawt al-Arab to spread (Egypt-dominated) Pan-Arab norms (simultaneously affecting state-level dynamics between governed and governors elsewhere!), the divergent effects of historical quasi-colonial relations on oil governance, and the imposition of international sanctions on Sudan. Intra-societal debates on domestic and foreign policy can also reflect historical (and regional) factors and experiences - as shown in the article on the effect of the Iran-Iraq war on today’s Iran.

These pages offer a rich menu of exploration, and one that is not only of academic relevance!
Good Hijabi, Bad Hijabi: The Politics of Women's Clothing in Iran
Authors: Asghar Tehreem Junaid
Published: March 2015

This paper seeks to examine the revolution in women’s clothing in Iran under different systems of governance, starting from the time immediately before the Pahlavi dynasty to modern day Iran. This is to show how the ever-changing systems of governance of the country coerced Iranian women into dressing in accordance with the political agenda at the time. This paper showcases women taking a stand against the system of governance before, during, and after the Iranian Revolution (18th to 21st century) by developing a subculture that does not confine them to certain kind of clothing. Instead, they mixed their personality with what they chose to wear, often identifying themselves as ‘bad hijabis’ for defying the status quo to make their own political statement.
Dub, Dub-Key and Dabkeh: Palestinian Resistance through Reggae Music in Israel
Authors: Abughaida Yazan
Published: March 2015

Since the events of the Arab Spring, the Middle East has seen a significant rise in media that express resistance to oppression. Protestors and artists alike have made use of music to advance their political interests. The six-decade-old Palestinian-Israeli conflict significantly predates the Arab Spring, but it is not immediately clear if the events of the Arab Spring may have impacted the ways in which Palestinians express resistance. Palestinian reggae music draws our attention to the phenomenon of repurposing a foreign genre to create something separate, but meaningful, to Palestinians. In this study, we explore the Ministry of Dub-Key, a Palestinian reggae group. Through the analysis of their song ‘Dumyeh Plastikieh’ (Plastic Doll) as well as interviews with the band members, this research explores links
between the band and the events of the Arab Spring.
Black September and Identity Construction in Jordan
Authors: Gallets Barbara
Published: March 2015

The events of Black September were a turning point in the development of Jordanian identity. As a result of the attempt on King Hussein's life on 1st September 1970 and the subsequent bloody civil war that played out between the Palestinian Resistance Movements that had acted as a “state within a state” inside Jordan, the Hashemite government expelled from the country the Palestinian Liberation Organization and other Fedayeen groups that comprised the Palestinian Resistance Movements. A second consequence of the war was the increased distrust of Palestinians and the crystallization of a distinct Jordanian identity as a reaction to the developing Palestinian identity. After a brief overview of the events leading up to Black September and the war itself, this paper describes the period of “Jordanization” that the government, the military, and the public sector experienced under Prime Minister Wasfi al-Tall. It then discusses the expanding societal divisions of the period immediately following, during which the state restructured itself at the expense of the Jordanians of Palestinian origin. Finally, the paper discusses social manifestations that resulted from the government's construction of a Jordanian national identity, such as the linguistic assimilation of Palestinian males, and the use of the Kafiyyeh to denote ethnic identity and political stances.
Authority in Islam: The Institutionalization of Islam and the Elusive Transfer of Authority from Society to State
Authors: Mohamed Sirelkhatim
Published: March 2015

Islam is not merely a religion; it expands beyond that to include almost everything. Politics and Islam have always had a fickle relationship, yet a somewhat more stable one in the past. This was due mainly to the fact that Islam existed as an underlying foundation to societal life and basic political interactions;1 today, things have developed in such a manner that Islam has been institutionalized into either state-inclusive bodies that exist on a political bargain or de-facto opposition basis, or criminal groups that are deemed to be enemies of the state. Islam as an all-inclusive way of life for people is now merely a reflection of whatever these new Islamic institutions dictate. The way in which these Islamic institutions came into existence and their political relationship with the state presents us with a very interesting yet “locked” paradigm of existence, whereby a huge gap forms between the state and society. In order to understand how this paradigm came into being, this paper will go through the process of explaining and analyzing the different groups, mechanisms and structures that changed the application of Islam in the Middle East. Using the work of Anwar Majid's Freedom and Orthodoxy as a theoretical framework, the paper will first examine the rise of the Ulama class and their role in the process of Islamic state institutionalization. The paper will then move on to show how Islamic legal authority was transferred from society and given to the state, with the Ulama class being the new keepers of this authority, and how the colonial encroachment of Western laws was the vehicle of this transfer. That is not to say that pre-colonial Islamic societies were model ones and that colonialism is the direct cause of this transfer. Finally, the paper will examine the process