bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preference and Perceptual Mapping of Mutual Fund Schemes
Authors: Kasilingam R. , Jayabal G.
Published: March 2013

There are different kinds of mutual fund schemes available with different features to cater to the needs of different people. But the investors may feel that some schemes may have similar features. In this study different mutual fund schemes are mapped using multidimensional scaling from customer perspective on the features of different schemes. The schemes taken for the study are Index fund, Growth fund, Income fund, Liquid fund, Mid-cap fund, Large-cap fund and Sectoral fund and attributes used are risk, safety, return, liquidity. From the study it is concluded that the preference of investors varies according to the investment experience, family income and number of earning members in the family. The investors also have similar perception about large cap and sectoral fund schemes with respect to risk. Each scheme varies from each other with respect to liquidity and safety. The findings from this study will be useful to the mutual fund operators to understand where there is a gap and where there is a cluster; accordingly they can bring new scheme for investment or restructure the existing scheme.
Mutual Fund Industry-Analysis & Recent Trends
Authors: Pandey Anoop
Published: March 2013

The Indian mutual fund industry can now boast on that according to the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI), with the total Asset Under Management (AUM) increasing from Rs.1,01,565 Crores in Jan 2000 to Rs.5,67,601.98 Crores by April 2008, the industry's growth has been nothing but exceptional. It has indeed come a long way from being a single player, single scheme (US-64) industry to having 34 players and more than 480 schemes. This research paper covers various aspect of mutual funds industry in India. Starting with the basic concept of mutual fund and its advantages it would give detail about the growth of mutual fund industry in India and its present scenario. It also throws some light on major mutual fund companies in India, the different types of mutual funds on the basis of structure, investment, load and schemes and also it covers the different phases of growth of mutual fund industry. Then it covers the calculation of NAV, the various investment plans, factor's that help in calculating the mutual fund performance.
Determinants of Success of Australian-Malaysian Joint Ventures: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Kharabsheh Radwan A.
Published: March 2013

Both successful Joint Ventures (JVs) and failed investments have been reported recently. There are numerous studies that address conflicts between different cultures, traditions, as well as value systems, but only a few of them focuses on identifying the key factors and their managerial implications that the foreign investors need to successfully enter into an emerging market, such as Malaysia.

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that are critical to the success of the Australian-Malaysian joint ventures (JVs). Using intensive interviewing of local and foreign managers in 11 Australian-Malaysian IJVs from the construction, services and manufacturing industries the study found that factors fostering trust, information sharing and cultural understanding among IJV participants improve their chances for success. Factors that decrease participants' coordination costs also improve success rates. Other success factors include goal convergence and synergy, effective governance and geographic proximity.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Domestic Airlines in Chandigarh-An Empirical Study
Authors: Bawa Pardeep
Published: March 2013

The Indian aviation industry is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world with private airlines accounting for more than 75 per cent of the domestic aviation market (as of 2006). The industry is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18 per cent. The country has 454 airports and airstrips, of which 16 are designated as international airports. All this has resulted into increasing the intensity of competition amongst air carriers in India. Delivering high quality service to passengers is important so that airlines can survive and strengthen their competitiveness. Service quality conditions influence an airline's competitive advantage and with this comes market share and ultimately profitability (Morash and Ozment, 1994). Airlines have responded to the competitive pressures in many ways, one of which has been service quality. It extends to in-fight service, reservation, ticketing, airport service, reliability, employee service, fight availability, passenger satisfaction, pricing (value), and airline image. This paper empirically examines the factors which influence the choice of airline in Chandigarh tri city.
A Study on Customer Relationship Management in Consumer Markets: Grandiosity or Reality?
Authors: Gupta Ashish
Published: March 2013

Relationship marketing (RM) was conceived as an approach to industrial and service markets and considered to be inappropriate in other marketing contexts. Recently, however, the domain of RM has been extended to incorporate innovative applications in mass consumer markets. Much has changed in a recent years. Recent applications of RM in consumer markets have been facilitated by developments in direct and database marketing within an increasingly competitive and fragmented marketplace. This paper presents a critical review of the history of RM in consumer markets, and incorporates important conceptual, practical, empirical and popular contribution. A number of critical issues which remain unresolved are identified in the paper. These form the basis of ten research propositions which are crucial to justifying and advancing the domain extension into consumer markets.
Values and their Influence on Attitudinal Segments Identified amongst Automobile Users
Authors: Muralie Sushma , Mittal Sanjiv
Published: March 2013

Marketing practitioners have long believed that personal Values impact consumer behaviour and attitudes. What is more interesting is the fact that consumer's personal values determine the attitudes they develop towards a product. The aim of this paper is thus to identify product-specific Values that impact attitudes in users of automobiles. This research identified the existence of three attitudinal segments amongst users of automobiles. Further, a discriminant analysis carried out using these three groups as dependent variable and product-specific Values as independent variable revealed the contribution of two different sets of product specific Values to be responsible for the difference in attitudes exhibited by users. The attitudinal segments have been identified using the Consumer Innovativeness and Consumer Involvement scale and the product — specific Values have been identified using the Means and End Theory of Gutman
Building Employer Brand Image through Early Recruitment Practices: A Study in Indian Context
Authors: Agrawal Rakesh Kr , Swaroop Pragati
Published: March 2013

In an age of war for talent, cultivating employer brand can be a very effective strategy to attract and retain the talented employees in an organization. This paper seeks to investigate the role that early recruitment practices play in building the employer brand image amongst students of business schools in India. Based on the analysis of data collected from 124 students from five different business schools located in different parts of the country, the study reveals that media presence/publicity is the only early recruitment practice that has an impact on the employer brand image. Recruitment advertisements, sponsorships and corporate-institute relation building are not significantly related to either the ‘perceived job attributes’ or ‘attitudes’ dimensions of employer brand image.
Special Economic Zone or Special Exploitation Zone: An Analytical Perspective (Case: Singur in West Bengal)
Authors: Rajput Namita , Dutta Mahua
Published: March 2013

This paper reviews the state of major sub-sectors of environment in India and examines the effectiveness of policy and other measures adapted to improve their condition. While country's contribution to global environmental problems such as global warming and ozone depletion may be lower than other transitional economies, the local problems related to air, water, land, etc., within the country, are quite disturbing. Environmental challenges of development strategies are enormous and as such issues are no more confined to one discipline or one nation. Thus, to deal with multi-dimensional and multi-national problems, appropriate policies are required at international, national and local levels. In the paper, it is suggested that environmental policies should be based on facts and rational calculations rather than emotions and debate. If pollution abatement measures are too stringent polluters may not follow them and find alternative ways to bye-pass them. Also, if these measures are too lenient, development processes will go on deteriorating our ecosystem. Therefore, government policies and measures should focus on a strategy that strikes a balance between environmental care and the economic development in the country. The SEZ policy is seen as a part of a larger objective of grabbing control of natural resources. There are many serious environmental issues which affect the sustainability and are explained in the following sections. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of SEZs on the environment and to propose the possible sustainable policies to overcome the same.
Leadership Development Intervention: An Experimental Study
Authors: Velayudhan A. , Gayatridevi S. , Benedict J. Nicolas , Devi N. V. Amudha
Published: March 2013

The intent of the present paper is to find out the effectiveness of a Leadership Development Intervention in improving Leadership Skills among students. Three hundred and forty three students at P.S.G. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India formed the sample for the present investigation. A Single group Pre-test, Post-test and Follow-up quasi-experimental design was used. All the students received the Leadership Development Intervention voluntarily and were assessed at Pre and Post-test and Follow-up periods. The Intervention was delivered in 40 sessions, included Training and Lecture Methods. Effective skill based techniques were used for the students enhancement of Leadership Skills. The Leadership Style Questionnaire developed by Marshall Sashkin and Morris (1987) measuring 6 Dimensions of leadership style such as Management of Attention, Management of Meaning, Management of Trust, Management of Feelings, Management of Risk and Management of Self was used before, after and Follow-up of the intervention. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to differentiate the difference between the Pre, Post, and Follow-up phases. The Results indicates a significant difference in three times of assessment of Leadership Skill in the Management of Attention, Management of Meaning, Time Management, Management of Risk and Management of Self. Study results indicated the usefulness of a Leadership Development Intervention among students.
Globalization and Economic Asymmetries in International Trade and Development: Challenges, Opportunities and Their Impact on Global Employment
Authors: Sengupta S B
Published: March 2013

Economic asymmetries can be described as differences in economic conditions among different countries and different regions in the world. This paper focuses on the various key features of contemporary globalization and international competitiveness, underscoring the growing interdependence of the developed and the developing countries and the resultant political as well as economic stakes. Globalization has created many challenges such as increased global competitiveness, sustenance of global value chains, need for global off-shoring and outsourcing, maintenance of continuous growth and development in both the developed as well as the developing countries, need for global-scale integration and coordination in labour movement, as well as understanding the complexities of relationship between globalization and employment. Some of the areas to be considered while speaking about opportunities created by globalization are opportunities of creation of millions of jobs for the people in developing countries like China, India and South East Asian countries, which become a key driver for their economic development, availability of an array of knowledge intensive business services, such as engineering design, accounting, legal and medical advice, financial analysis and business consultancies, inflow of technology from developed to developing countries and outflow of trained manpower from developing to developed countries specially in the areas of IT and software development industries. The paper aims to bring out a comprehensive viewpoint on both challenges faced and opportunities created by economic asymmetries and globalization.
Inverted Yield Curve and Performance of Stocks of Different Market Capitalizations
Authors: Anand Nishtha , Singh Rohini
Published: March 2013

This paper investigates in the context of the Indian markets the linkage between the effects of an inverted yield curve and the performance of stocks of different market capitalizations i.e. the small, big and mid-cap stocks for the period 2007–09. An attempt was made to find out if there is any particular stock group that performed significantly well during the period of inverted yield curve and more specifically if there is a ‘Big Firm Effect’ associated with the Yield Curve Inversion wherein the Big-cap stocks outperform the mid and the small stocks in the post inversion period. The study indicates that in the case of Indian markets there is no Big firm Effect associated with the inverted yield-curve phenomenon which is unlike the results of the studies based on the US market. Thus the investors in the Indian market should be careful while taking any investment decision based on the inverted yield curve phenomenon as its role and implications are quite different here in India as opposed to the developed markets like the USA.
Waves of Indian IPOs: Evolution and Trend
Authors: Mayur Manas , Mittal Sanjiv
Published: March 2013

Recent trend shows that Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) has become one of the popular and dependable methods of raising cash. This paper aims at understanding the waves and pattern of Indian IPOs. It was found that most of the IPOs were from private sector companies. The industry-wise trend in IPOs showed that most of the IPOs were launched by IT sector companies. It was observed that year 1999–2000 and year 2005–06 was best in terms of investors' response whereas the period from 2001 to 2003 was worst in terms of investors' optimism. Current waves of Indian IPOs are divided into hot market IPOs and cold market IPOs. A multivariate regression model is applied to empirically analyze issuers' approach to time their issue with hot market condition. The result suggests that Market timers, identified as firms that go public when the market is hot, tried to maximize the total proceeds at the time of IPO.
An Empirical Investigation of Key Antecedents of Customer Preference of Internet Banking in Indian Context
Authors: Vinayek Ravinder , Jindal Preeti
Published: March 2013

With the advent of e-banking and globalization, the banking sector in India is getting fierce day-by-day, making it difficult for the banking organization to manage the competition effectively. The key lies in gaining competitive advantage in today's era of competition, paying attention to more critical service quality attributes as a part of customer service management with respect to the internet banking. Though many studies have been undertaken to address the issue of identification of determinants of internet banking service quality, but research on the examination of key attributes of internet banking service quality fostering customers' preference towards internet banking offerings of a particular bank seems to be virtually unexplored. Against this backdrop, the present study aims at exploring key antecedents of e-service quality that can lead customer preference towards internet banking offerings of a particular bank. To achieve this objective, the study conducts discriminant analysis to screen the perception of customers towards public sector bank's and private sector bank' internet banking service quality and to find out which variables are relatively better in predicting customers' preference towards internet banking offerings of a particular bank. This research has implications for bank marketers as well as for researchers interested in online marketing.
A Study on Testing the Operating Efficiency of Indian Banking Sector with Special Reference to the Select Financial Soundness Indicators — An Empirical Approach
Authors: Ramaratnam M. S. , Jayaraman R.
Published: March 2013

A decade of financial sector reforms has strengthened the fundamentals of Indian economy and paved the way for efficiency in operating performance of the banks. The most important achievement of the financial sector reforms is to bring a marked improvement in the financial health of commercial banks with respect to capital adequacy, profitability, asset quality and risk management. Now banks have to compete not only with the same business line but also with mutual fund, insurance, post office and NBFCs to attract the customers and they have to adopt the technology-oriented reforms to stay in their business. Further deregulation has opened up new opportunities for banks to enhance their revenues by diversifying into investment banking, insurance, credit cards, depository services, mortgage financing etc. A positive outcome of competition is the emergence of choice system in selecting the services by the customers and increased levels of sophistication and technology in banks have facilitated the customers to get the services at their door-step. the government also has adopted many initiatives, which changed the face of traditional banking sectors. In the light of the recent measures initiated by the government, the wings of the banks have spread across the country to improve their operating performance. This paper has made an attempt to analyze the operating performance of the Indian banking sector on the basis of the indicators like Capital adequacy ratio, Non-performing Assets (NPA), Cost of funds, Return on funds, Spread and Credit — Deposit ratio.
Customer Satisfaction Analysis of Information and Communication Technology Channels in Banking Sector
Authors: Singh Shamsher
Published: March 2013

The application of information and communication technologies in developing countries represents an important tool that can determine economic development and prosperity. One of the main areas in which technology can have a powerful impact on the economic activity is the introduction of Internet banking and multichannel banking services. The paper investigates and analyzes the present situation of multichannel banking in India. This paper examine the adoption and impact of ATM, Internet banking and Tele-banking services on customer satisfaction and retention by leading Indian banks. The ICT channels have positive impact on the customer satisfaction. Some characteristics such as availability of cash and location/proximity of ATM, time to process request has very high customer satisfaction across both private sector banks and public sector banks
Emergence of Six Sigma from TQM
Authors: Dodrajka Sangeeta
Published: March 2013

The philosophy of quality management cannot be deliberated upon without understanding the role of Total Quality Management (TQM) in problem solving and defect prevention in day-to-day management and emergence of Six Sigma arising out of the lacunae of TQM. With the modern marketing relying heavily on customer satisfaction and product quality, these techniques have become inevitable for every modern business organisation. The present study is an attempt to highlight the major concerns of TQM and Six Sigma, their components, advantages and impact on customer satisfaction. The paper also seeks to discuss two case studies on Six Sigma implementation, explaining how it leads to improvement in service along with cost saving to the company.
Risk Management in Construction Projects
Authors: Sharma Satyendra Kumar , Swain Niranjan
Published: March 2013

Risks are unavoidable in almost every construction project whether it is building projects, civil works, or any other type of construction projects. Risk is inherent in all human endeavors, including construction activities, and the risk factors involved are diverse and varied. Managing construction project risks is considered as compulsory for any project to be successful. Thus, this study aims to identify and classify the types of construction project risks, to evaluate the level of construction project risks and finally, to identify the methods available to reduce or mitigate the construction project risks. This study also demonstrates a quantitative approach to Construction Risk Management through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The entire methodology is explained through a case study of the Delhi metro bridge collapse and its effectiveness in building a speedy and well judged response is demonstrated.
Leadership Styles and Orientation of Sales Managers in Insurance Sector
Authors: Selvarani Ida
Published: March 2013

In this paper, an attempt was made to study the leadership styles and orientation of sales managers in the insurance sector. The sales managers are team leaders, who have to motivate, guide and coach the members towards key result. To study the leadership styles exercised by the sales managers, orientation for task and orientation for people were examined. Their scores were plotted into Blake and Mouton's managerial grid matrix to understand their leadership styles. 60 sales managers of private insurance companies in Vellore were identified for the study through snow ball technique of sampling. The result revealed that the size of the team was significantly related to frequency of team meetings and achievement of targets. Also, task orientation and people orientation were considered relatively important by the sales managers in leading their team. 96.7% of the respondents exhibited Team Leader style in varying degrees.
What Interests the Indian Television Audience? — An Empirical Study
Authors: Singh Jaspal , Sandhu Namrata
Published: March 2013

The study attempts to find popular and unpopular television programme categories among the Indian audience and its implications for commercial broadcasters and advertisers. Empirical analysis of data collected from 520 respondents revealed that programme categories popular among the respondents are soap operas, infotainment, news, reality shows and movies. The programme categories which are unpopular among the respondents are teleshopping, travel shows, super natural thrillers, programmes for children and sports. However, lacking widespread popularity, these programme categories are popular in niches. These results further build upon available TRPs, since TRPs are only available for few top programme categories. Also, TRPs fail to establish niches in which specific programmes are popular. It is therefore implied that to ensure profits, commercial broadcasters and advertisers must select popular programme categories. They can also benefit by correlating viewership statistics with age and catering to the resultant niches such as tele-shoppers, business enthusiasts, sports lovers etc.
A Study on Trends Visible in Women Entrepreneur in India and Globally
Authors: Munshi Sulekha , Munshi Anupama , Singh Ved Pal
Published: March 2013

When we speak about the term “Women Entrepreneurship” we mean, an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically, increases their economic strength as well as position in society. Hence women-entrepreneurs have been making a considerable impact in all most all the segments of the economy which is more than 25% of all kinds of business. In India “Entrepreneurship” is very limited amongst women especially in the formal sector, which is less than 5% of business during the last two decades however, Indian women have entered the field of entrepreneurship in increasing numbers. With the emergence and growth of their businesses, they have contributed to the Indian economy & society. These women entrepreneurs have entered many industries and sectors. Many of the earlier obstacles to their success have been removed, yet some still remain. Further, there has been much progress in the training and development of women entrepreneurs within public policy and academic programs.
Leadership Styles and its Impact on Organizational Commitment
Authors: Raja A. Senthamil , Palanichamy P.
Published: March 2013

The present study attempts to investigate the most preferred leadership behaviors among the transformational and transactional leadership styles and its impact on Employees' organizational commitment in BHEL. For this study 158 sample respondents had been drawn out from among the Senior Engineers and the Trainee Engineers group. Statistical tools like One-Way ANOVA, Correlation analysis and Regression analysis were used to find out whether there was any significant difference in the leadership styles based on the position and pay and to find out the degree of association between preferred leadership styles and organizational commitment. The results of the study concluded that while the positional identity of the respondent had some significant impact on leadership style perception and organizational commitment, salary did not seem to make a difference from among the sample respondents.
Epidemiological Survey of Foot Problems in the Continental United States: 1978–1979
Authors: Gould Nathaniel , Schneider William , Ashikaga Takamara
Published: March 2013

Questionnaire cards were sent to 45,000 family shoe store customers; 15,000 cards were completed and returned, thereby permitting a broad statistical base in respect to the incidence and types of foot problems encountered in the United States. The incidence of corns, calluses, warts, ingrown toenails, bunions, hallux rigidus, hammer toes, cavus, and pes planus were correlated with age, sex, race, and demographic background, along with the incidence of surgery, conservative treatment, or no treatment. The extrapolated data indicated that 40% of the population have foot problems, of which 12% had surgery and 7% have been untreated.
Traumatic Dislocations of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Jahss Melvin H.
Published: March 2013

The mechanics, anatomy, and pathomechanics of traumatic dorsal dislocation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are discussed. There are two basic types of dislocations. In Type I, dislocation of the hallux with the sesamoids occurs without disrupting the sesamoid mass. Such cases are usually irreducible on closed reduction, the metatarsal head being incarcerated by the conjoined tendons with their intact sesamoids. In Type II, there is either associated disruption of the intersesamoid ligament (Type IIA) or a transverse fracture of one of the sesamoids (Type IIB). In Type II, the sesamoid disruption usually permits closed reduction.
Isolated Dorsal Dislocation of the Second Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Murphy Jerome L.
Published: March 2013

A rare case of dorsal dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint is presented with diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow up evaluation. The unusual mechanism of injury and obstacle to reduction are described.
A Review of Surgical Procedures for Hallux Valgus
Authors: Bargman Joanne , Corless John , Gross Allan E. , Langer Fred
Published: March 2013

One hundred seventy-two patients who underwent surgical correction of hallux valgus deformity were evaluated. The procedures chosen were: first metatarsal osteotomy in 96, Keller procedure in 42, metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in 25, and simple bunionectomy in 9. This study allowed the establishment of the following guidelines for surgery. 1) Osteotomy alone yields a satisfactory result in patients under the age of 50 years who have minimal osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint. 2) The Keller procedure is suggested in patients over the age of 50 who have significant osteoarthritis. 3) Metatarsophalangeal fusion is suggested in patients under the age of 50 with significant osteoarthritis. 4) Simple bunionectomy revealed poor results in the majority of patients. It should be reserved for the elderly patient with an infected bunion.
Analysis of Foot Position in Ankle Arthrodesis and Its Influence on Gait
Authors: King Howard A. , Watkins Troy B , Samuelson Kent M.
Published: March 2013

This study was carried out on 24 patients who underwent 25 ankle fusions. Twenty-four of 25 ankles operated upon by eight different surgeons achieved a solid fusion. A review showed that when the ankle was fused in a neutral position, the patient would, on the average, have 10° of plantar flexion occurring in the midfoot. This motion allowed him to wear most normal foot gear. In gait, the plantar flexion in the foot approximated the plantar flexion in the normal ankle, giving little difficulty. In contrast, those individuals whose ankle was fused in 10° of plantar flexion who also had 10° of plantar motion in the midfoot and no dorsiflexion motion in the midfoot were, in effect, in 10° of equinus. These patients showed a vaulting pattern while ambulating barefoot, but were usually able to accommodate this position while wearing shoes. The patient with a neutral position of the foot and ankle showed a very satisfactory gait in shoes and a much improved barefoot gait. It is concluded that fusion in a neutral position is indicated and that midtarsal motion occurs in the plantar direction but that no dorsiflexion is present in the midtarsal area.
Fractures of the Neck of the Talus in Children
Authors: Letts R. M. , Gibeault D.
Published: March 2013

A review of children with talar injuries treated at the Winnipeg Children's Hospital yielded 12 patients that had been treated for fractures of the neck of the talus between 1960 and 1978, inclusive. Three developed avascular necrosis of the body of the talus; two of these had their fractures recognized only after avascular necrosis had become radiologically evident. The children ranged in age from 1 year 7 months to 13 years 11 months at the time of the injury. Fracture of the neck of the talus does occur in children and may be associated with avascular necrosis of the body. This injury should be considered and the talus should be examined in all children sustaining trauma secondary to falls from a height or motor vehicle trauma.
Dynamic Gait Electromyography Study in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Patients∗
Authors: Melkonian Gregory J. , Cristofaro Robert L. , Perry Jacquelin , Hsu John D.
Published: March 2013

Preoperative and postoperative dynamic gait electromyography (EMG) was performed on 15 patients 8 to 13 years of age with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy who underwent Achilles tendon lengthening and posterior tibial tendon transfer anteriorly through the interosseous ligament for correction of equinus and equinovarus foot deformities.

The muscles tested preoperatively (anterior tibial, soleus, gastrocnemius, posterior tibial, peroneal longus, and peroneal brevis) showed phase changes. It is believed that patients with weakened leg muscles fire multiple muscle groups out of phase in an attempt to overcome the action of the stronger muscles, thus stabilizing the limb for ambulation. Postoperative EMGs, performed with the patients walking in long leg braces after the deformity had been corrected, showed litte activity in the muscles tested. As the patients became dependent on the brace, the need for the muscles to be active out of phase was eliminated. The transferred posterior tibial muscle appeared to be active both clinically and electromyographically.
Early and Late Repair of Lateral Ligament of the Ankle
Authors: Gould Nathaniel , Seligson David , Gassman Jeffrey
Published: March 2013

Utilizing an apparatus for separately testing the status of the anterior talofibular and the calaneofibular ligaments of the ankle in 25 healthy, 15 to 30-year-old adults, it became apparent that the stability of the ankle depends primarily upon the integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament. When the “fore n' aft” stress measurement exceeds 4 mm, a positive anterior drawer test is elicited, and the ankle ligament needs surgical repair. Tibial talar tilt normals ranged up to 18°.

Repair (early and late) is accomplished by suturing what one finds (there is always some ligament present) and reinforcing the anterior talofibular ligament repair with overlap of the nearby lateral talocalcaneal ligament plus the marginal ankle retinaculum. Four weeks in a plaster of paris walking cast are followed by use of Ace bandages for 2 weeks. Light activity is begun 6 weeks after repair, and activity of choice is begun 8 weeks after repair. Repeat stress testing is performed at 3 months postsurgery, and a questionnaire is completed at the same time. On a point system (1 to 10) reviewing pain, stability, and swelling, the results in 50 cases rate from 8 to 10, with a lower rating improving with more time. Surgical time is approximately 30 minutes.

There seems to be no need for more radical surgery utilizing other muscles. The senior author has employed this surgery for the past 19 years with approximately 165 cases. Only 50 patients with proper 3-month postoperative stress testing and questionnaire follow-up, who were operated upon 1 or more years ago, are recorded here.
Complications of Silastic Implant Arthroplasty in the Hallux
Authors: Shereff Michael J. , Jahss Melvin H.
Published: March 2013

A long-term follow-up was evaluated on silastic implant arthroplasty performed on five patients (seven feet) for pathology of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux. Four patients (five feet) displayed an inflammatory reaction in the immediate postoperative period with considerable swelling about the operative site. Subsequently, these patients developed either delayed wound healing of mild skin necrosis with secondary superficial infection. Three patients (five feet) ultimately developed implant failure via fracture of the prosthesis and/or erosion through the articulating surface of the prosthesis. All patients had late roentgenographic findings of resorption of bone around the implants. These complications necessitated removal of implants in three patients (five feet). Implant removal was recommended but refused in two patients (two feet).
Ankle Fusion with the Hoffmann External Fixation Device∗
Authors: Newman Andrew , Edwards Charles C.
Published: March 2013

For over 100 years, many different types of external fixation have been used to immobilize fracture fragments. The greatest aceptance of external fixation has been with open fractures of the tibia.

Three ankle fusions, all complex cases, were performed using the double-framed Hoffmann external fixation device. The deformities treated were a severe posttraumatic equinus deformity of the ankle and forefoot, a painful nonunion of a previous ankle fusion, and an equinus deformity secondary to a transmetatarsal amputation.
Foot-related Knee Problems in the Long Distance Runner
Authors: Lutter Lowell D.
Published: March 2013

One-hundred sixty-four knee injuries in runners with abnormal foot configuration were reviewed and followed. Definite injury patterns related to pronation and cavus configuration of the foot are seen, and specific treatment can be made.
The Growth of the First Metatarsal Bone∗
Authors: Vilaseca Ramon Rochera , Ribes Eduardo Rabat
Published: March 2013

This study presents a common finding in the first metatarsal bone of a distal epiphyseal cartilage which is considered as a physis. This growth center is omitted in the classic anatomical descriptions of the bone.

Analyses of the growth of this physis relates to the metatarsal formula of the adult foot. It may result in a first metatarsal “index-plus,” where the first metatarsal is longer than the second, depending upon the duration of the activity of the physis.

The presence of this physis may be related, in some cases, to:Hallux rigidus. The conformation of index-plus anatomically predisposes the development of such degeneration.Kohler's metatarsal disease. Disturbance in the arterial vascularity of the epiphyseal-metaphyseal type may, in theory, cause osteonecrosis of the first metatarsal head, although no cases have been reported in the literature.Osteochondritis dissecans. Our finding that disorders of epiphyseal ossification may lead to the development of osteochondritis dissecans.
The Foot and Ankle in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
Authors: Jahss Melvin H. , Olives Rosendo
Published: March 2013

Twenty-two cases of multiple hereditary exostoses revealed pathological changes in two areas: the first group caused by epiphyseal disturbances, and the second group due to mechanical problems created by the exostoses. The epiphyseal disturbances resulted in ankle valgus, shortened metatarsals, and angular deformities of the necks of the metatarsals. The exostoses produced local tenderness, synostosis of the medial subtalar facet resulting in loss of subtalar motion, and asymptomatic synostosis of the lower tibial fibular syndesmosis.
Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Mann Roger A. , Oates Jay C.
Published: March 2013

A series of 41 first toe metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodeses performed in 28 patients was subjectively and objectively evaluated by personal interview, physical examination, and follow-up X-rays. The length of the postoperative follow-up ranged from 5 to 58 months, with an average of 35 months. The overall rate of fusion was 95%. Excellent or good results were obtained in 28 procedures, representing 68% of the study of the patients. Utilizing this procedure in the treatment of severe forefoot deformities, secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, demonstrated that 85% of the patients obtained excellent or good results, and, in the treatment of patients with failed bunion surgery, 53% obtained excellent or good results.
Foot and Ankle Manifestations of Reiter's Syndrome
Authors: Chand Yogesh , Johnson Kenneth A.
Published: March 2013

If one were to characterize the clinical presentation of Reiter's syndrome in the feet and ankles, it would be that of pain associated with mild to moderate swelling and tenderness without significant erythema. These changes would occur most commonly at the posterior calcaneus, metatarsophalangeal joint, and phalangeal regions. The ankles will usually show an effusion. It is very uncommon for the subtalar region, midfoot region, or even the metatarsal shaft area to be involved.

Roentgenographic changes were present in a similar frequency as in physical findings.

Erosions and soft tissue swelling affect the forefoot and ankle while “spurring” and erosions affect the hindfoot. It is readily apparent that no single clinical finding or radiographic change indicates Reiter's syndrome. The type and location of foot pain is what should prompt the physician to seek further elements allowing the diagnosis of Reiter's syndrome.
Treatment of the Diabetic Foot with Exposed Os Calcis
Authors: Jacobs Richard L. , Karmody Allastair M.
Published: March 2013

With improved methods of medical care, the survival rates in all types of diabetes are improving. There are increasing numbers of older diabetics with complicated soft tissue problems. This is a report of our experiences in treating 15 consecutive patients with soft tissue defects involving the hindfoot. Each of these patients had an intact forefoot.
Stenosing Tenosynovitis of the Pseudosheath of the Tendo Achilles
Authors: Gould Nathaniel , Korson Roy , Weiker Garron G.
Published: March 2013

This entity consists of a chronic inflammatory process of the peritenon of the tendo Achilles (usually bilateral) at variable points of the tendon itself but usually near the insertion in the Achilles. Its occurrence, not only in runners but in relatively sedentary individuals of both sexes, seems to be the result of microtrauma of stress with insidious onset of local pain in increasing degree with physical activity.

Clinically, in the advanced cases, fibrillation, nodulation, and “yellowing” of the edematous tendon occur and probably are a precursor to later ruptures.

Pathological changes consist of one or more of the following: a myxomatous degeneration of collagenous tissue; fibrosis; round cell inflammatory infiltrate; and proliferation of fibrovascular connective tissue. The use of steroid injections seems to be of no help and probably is contraindicated.

Surgery consists of excision of the entire pseudosheath, allowing the tendon to assume a new, nonconstricting alignment. All but one of the nine patients with a follow-up of at least 1 year went on to clinical, painless recovery, with unrestricted future activity, in just a few months.
Running Symposium
Authors: Mann Roger A. , Baxter Donald E. , Lutter Lowell D.
Published: March 2013

The running symposium has been designed to demonstrate to the reader the basic mechanics of the running gait, as compared to normal walking. It is imperative in order to understand the nature of the problems seen in runners to understand the forces and motions which are occurring in the various joints of the lower extremity, so that as much as possible, treatment can be based upon accurate anatomical diagnoses, rather than empiric treatment. The second part of this symposium discusses the nature of the injuries seen in the lower extremity in runners. Suggestions are made as to how to manage the problems as well as their prevention. Finally, a comment is included on the nature of the running shoe and on shoe selection.
Giant Cell Tumor and Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Talus: Clinicopathological Review and Two Case Reports
Authors: Malawer Martin M. , Vance Raymond
Published: March 2013

Two cases of giant cell tumor and aneurysmal bone cyst of the talus were analyzed with a review of eight cases from the literature. This anatomic setting represents a distinct clinical and roentgenographic entity with a less aggressive natural history than the more common sites.

All lesions presented a characteristic radiographic involvement of the head and neck of the talus. Eight of ten lesions were treated by curettage, with or without bone grafting, and healed. Two underwent partial en bloc resection. None developed late fracture, recurrence, avascular necrosis, or metastases.

We concluded that a giant cell tumor or aneurysmal bone cyst when located in the talus may be difficult to differentiate but tends to exhibit a less aggressive biological behavior and a more favorable prognosis than the more classical proximal lesion. Talectomy is not indicated in the primary treatment. Curettage with or without bone graft has a high success rate. Cryosurgery should be reserved for a recurrent lesion.
Pantalar Arthrodesis: A Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Barrett Gene R. , Meyer Leslie C. , Bray Edward W. , Taylor Richard G. , Kolb Frank J.
Published: March 2013

Eighty-three pantalar arthrodeses in 69 patients performed at the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Greenville, South Carolina, between 1941 and 1977 were evaluated. Follow-up was from 1 to 33 years. Diagnoses included poliomyelitis, myelodysplasia, arthrogryposis, clubfeet, and extremity or spinal cord trauma. Methods of fusion were one-stage pantalar arthrodesis, two-stage triple ankle fusion, one-stage completion of prior tarsal fusion, and one-stage denudation of the talus. Pantalar arthrodesis is successful in the paralytic sensitive foot with a stable knee and there is no greater incidence of nonunion in the one-stage (Hunt-Thompson) procedure than in the two-stage procedure. Complications and failure of fusion are common in the insensitive foot.
Total Replacement Arthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint∗
Authors: Johnson Kenneth A. , Buck Peter G.
Published: March 2013

A surface replacement prosthesis for the first metatarsophalangeal joint has been designed to be used in arthritic conditions of this joint. The components are made of stainless steel and polyethylene and fixed with methylmethacrylate. The surgical details of insertion are important in such a complex, small joint. In the series of 20 patients (21 joints), the patient and physician satisfaction rate was 81% at an average follow-up period of 43 months (range 16 to 58 months). Current use of this prosthesis is most reasonable in older patients with painful degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and minimal joint imbalance.
Pathologic Anatomic Variations in the Sesamoids
Authors: Scranton Pierce E. , Jahss Melvin H.
Published: March 2013

This paper reviews 26 patients who presented with disorders of one or both sesamoids of the foot. There is a high association between long-distance running and chondromalacia or stress fractures in these bones. Thirty-eight per cent of these patients had variations in the anatomy at this articulation, including asymmetry in sesamoid size, symmetrical sesamoid enlargement, metatarsal condylar hypoplasia, and metatarsal rotational abnormalities.
Stubbing Injuries to the Hallux
Authors: Jahss Melvin H.
Published: March 2013

Stubbing injuries to the hallux, previously unreported, result in specific fractures and fracture dislocations of the interphalangeal joint. In the six cases seen, the initial injury remained unrecognized for 3 to 6 weeks. The mechanism of injury consisted of stubbing the hallux while barefoot, driving it proximally and dorsally. The mildest injury consisted of single or multiple relative undisplaced fractures of either the lateral or medial condyle of the proximal phalanx. Further force resulted in condylar displacement and rotation to complete dorsal dislocation of the distal phalanx, carrying with it either one or both condyles. Treatment in these relatively symptomatic late cases was expectant. One patient ultimately required an interphalangeal fusion.
Investigation of Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Horstman James K. , Kantor George S. , Samuelson Kent M.
Published: March 2013

The problem of chronic instability of lateral ankle ligaments has been approached with both conservative and surgical measures. Many operative procedures have been devised to correct this problem, and of these the Watson-Jones, modified Elmslie and Evans procedures are the most commonly used in our community. This paper was designed to: 1) compare the results of the three procedures; 2) investigate subtalar motion in a population of uninjured ankles; and 3) compare these results to subtalar motion in ankles after lateral ligament reconstruction.

We found that each of the three procedures had a surprisingly high incidence of postoperative pain. All procedures had a high rate of return to preinjury activity level, and the majority of the patients were satisfied with the results of the operation. Postoperatively, the Watson-Jones repair exhibited the highest percentage of subjective instability. Twenty-four per cent of the Watson-Jones repairs had a postoperative talar tilt greater than 5°.

It was determined that subtalar motion was affected by the type of reconstructive procedure, and although this fact had been theorized in the literature, it had not been documented by objective data.