bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Born digital or fossilised digitally? How born digital data systems continue the legacy of social violence towards LGBTQI + communities: a case study of experiences in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Donnelly Noeleen , Stapleton Larry , O’Mahoney Jennifer
Published: February 2022

The AI and Society discourse has previously drawn attention to the ways that digital systems embody the values of the technology development community from which they emerge through the development and deployment process. Research shows how this effect leads to a particular treatment of gender in computer systems development, a treatment which lags far behind the rich understanding of gender that social studies scholarship reveals and people across society experience. Many people do not relate to the narrow binary gender options of male or female, and many people express their gender identity in much richer ways than the sex/gender binary female/woman and male/man Boolean terms will allow. We ask: are “born-digital” gendered datasets in digital systems experienced as marginalising by those who express their identity beyond the male/female binary? Case Study: Ireland. To answer this universal question, this paper presents the findings of an empirical case study of people in Ireland with diverse gender identities and expressions, and their experiences with public data systems and new technologies. In spite of great social changes in Ireland which have led to constitutional change in favour of LGBTQI + people, born-digital systems were experienced by respondents as embodying socio-cultural values which were no longer accepted in society at large. For many of the respondents, digital technologies routinely marginalise them in all kinds of ways. These systems keep alive violence and oppression long after civil rights have been enshrined in constitutional law. This study is just one example of the way assumptions about digital are disengaged from society-at-large. It is a call to arms to all who are passionate about socially-responsible technology.
Optimal crashworthiness design of vehicle S-frame using macro-element method and evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Pyrz Mariusz , Krzywobłocki Marek , Wolska Natalia
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the crashworthiness optimization of a thin-walled frame applied as energy-absorbing element in a car structure. Crushing parameters of S-frame are modeled using the macro-element methodology. This method is implemented in the Visual Crash Studio software that enables very fast simulation of structural behavior during the impact. The objective is to determine the optimal dimensions of the frame cross-section to achieve the maximal energy absorption. Moreover, the selection of the best angle between the frame segments is investigated. In the formulation of the optimization problem, constraints related to the progressive collapse of deformation zones, required by the macro-element modeling, have been introduced. An Evolutionary Algorithm was applied to search the best solution. A real-life example of thin-walled S-frame is investigated in numerical examples. An attempt to find the solution by solving a sequence of simpler problems with reduced number of design variables is investigated. This approach is compared to the best result obtained for the problem including all design variables at the same time. This study illustrates the potential of the optimization in early-design stages of the vehicle development process and prepares perspectives for the optimization of complex energy-absorbing systems.
Metabolomics changes in brain-gut axis after unpredictable chronic mild stress
Authors: Xu Qiuyue , Jiang Mingchen , Gu Simeng , Zhang Xunle , Feng Guangkui , Ma Xianjun , Xu Shijun , Wu Erxi , Huang Jason H , Wang Fushun
Published: February 2022

Background

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting up to 17 % of the general population. The neural mechanisms of depression, however, are yet to be uncovered. Recently, attention has been drawn to the effects of dysfunctional brain-gut axis on depression, and many substances have been suggested to be involved in the communication between the gut and brain, such as ghrelin.

Methods

We herein systematically examined the changes of metabolomics after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)–induced depression-like behaviors in rats and compared the altered metabolites in the hippocampus and jejunum samples.

Results

Our results show that many metabolites significantly changed with UCMS both in the hippocampus and jejunum, such as L-glutamine, L-tyrosine, hydroxylamine, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Further studies suggested that these changes are the reasons for anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors in UCMS rats and also are the reasons for hippocampal neural plasticity.

Conclusions

Coexistence of brain and gut metabolic changes in UCMS-induced depressive behavior in rats suggests a possible role of brain-gut axis in depression. This study provides insights into the neurobiology of depression.
Age-Progressive and Gender-Dependent Bone Phenotype in Mice Lacking Both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in Prrx1-Expressing Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Nieminen-Pihala Vappu , Rummukainen Petri , Wang Fan , Tarkkonen Kati , Ivaska Kaisa K. , Kiviranta Riku
Published: February 2022

Ebfs are a family of transcription factors regulating the differentiation of multiple cell types of mesenchymal origin, including osteoblasts. Global deletion of Ebf1 results in increased bone formation and bone mass, while global loss of Ebf2 leads to enhanced bone resorption and decreased bone mass. Targeted deletion of Ebf1 in early committed osteoblasts leads to increased bone formation, whereas deletion in mature osteoblasts has no effect. To study the effects of Ebf2 specifically on long bone development, we created a limb bud mesenchyme targeted Ebf2 knockout mouse model by using paired related homeobox gene 1 (Prrx1) Cre. To investigate the possible interplay between Ebf1 and Ebf2, we deleted both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in the cells expressing Prrx1. Mice with Prrx1-targeted deletion of Ebf2 had a very mild bone phenotype. However, deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in mesenchymal lineage cells lead to significant, age progressive increase in bone volume. The phenotype was to some extent gender dependent, leading to an increase in both trabecular and cortical bone in females, while in males a mild cortical bone phenotype and a growth plate defect was observed. The phenotype was observed at both 6 and 12 weeks of age, but it was more pronounced in older female mice. Our data suggest that Ebfs modulate bone homeostasis and they are likely able to compensate for the lack of each other. The roles of Ebfs in bone formation appear to be complex and affected by multiple factors, such as age and gender.
Diagnostische und prädiktive Marker in der Harntraktzytologie
Authors: Vlajnic Tatjana , Bubendorf Lukas
Published: February 2022

In der Routinediagnostik spielt die Mehrfach-Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) nach wie vor die führende Rolle in der Abklärung unklarer Atypien in der Harntraktzytologie. Die Paris-Klassifikation (The Paris System, TPS) bildet eine wichtige Grundlage zur gezielten Indikationsstellung der FISH und untermauert die Bedeutung der morphologischen Korrelation für eine integrative Diagnosestellung. Die Next-Generation-Sequencing-Technologie, welche durch gleichzeitigen Nachweis multipler genetischer Alterationen eine hohe Sensitivität erzielt, wird in naher Zukunft auch in der Harntraktzytologie Anwendung finden.
On Discretizing Uniform Norms of Exponential Sums
Authors: Kroó András
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we consider the uniform norm discretization problem for general real multivariate exponential sums $$p({{\mathbf{w}}})=\sum _{0\le j\le n}c_je^{\langle \mu _j, {{\mathbf{w}}}\rangle }, \;\;\mu _j, {{\mathbf{w}}}\in \mathbb {R}^d$$

p

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j

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∈

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. Given arbitrary $$0<\tau \le 1$$

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≤
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this problem consists in finding discrete point sets $$ {{\mathbf{w}}}_j\in K, 1\le j\le N$$

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j

∈
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1
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j
≤
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in the compact domain $$K\subset \mathbb {R}^d, d\ge 1$$

K
⊂

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d

,
d
≥
1

so that for every $$p({{\mathbf{w}}})$$

p
(
w
)

as above we have $$\begin{aligned} \max _{{{\mathbf{w}}}\in K}|p({{\mathbf{w}}})|\le (1+\tau )\max _{1\le j\le N}|p({{\mathbf{w}}}_j)|. \end{aligned}$$

max

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Using certain new Bernstein–Markov type inequalities for exponential sums it will be verified that for convex polytopes and convex polyhedral cones K in $$\mathbb {R}^d, d\ge 1$$

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d

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≥
1

there exist meshes $${{\mathbf{w}}}_1,\ldots ,{{\mathbf{w}}}_N\subset K$$

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1

,
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of cardinality $$\begin{aligned} N\le c\left( \frac{n}{\sqrt{\tau }}\right) ^{d}\ln ^{d}\frac{\mu _n^*}{\delta \tau }, \;\;\;\mu _n^*:=\max _{1\le j\le n}|\mu _j| \end{aligned}$$

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for which the above inequality holds for any multivariate exponential sum p with exponents satisfying the separation condition $$|\mu _{k}-\mu _j|\ge \delta , j\ne k, \delta >0$$

|

μ
k

-

μ
j

|
≥
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j
≠
k
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δ
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0

. In addition, the optimality of the cardinality estimates will be also discussed.
Diagnosing eyewitness identifications with reaction time-based concealed information test: the effect of observation time
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Koller Dave , Bastiaens Astrid , Verschuere Bruno
Published: February 2022

Eyewitness identification procedures rely heavily on explicit identification from lineups. Lineups have been criticized because they have a considerable error rate. We tested the potential of implicit identifications in a Concealed Information Test (CIT) as an alternative. Previous experiments have suggested that implicit identification procedures might be suited when viewing conditions were favorable. In two experiments, mock eyewitnesses (Ns = 94, 509) witnessed a videotaped mock theft with longer or shorter observation time. We derived eyewitness identifications either implicitly from CIT reaction times or explicitly from simultaneous photo lineups. In Experiment 2, we also manipulated perpetrator presence. In both experiments, the perpetrator-present CIT showed capacity to diagnose face recognition, with large effect sizes (dE1 = 0.85 [0.51; 1.18]; dE2 = 0.74 [0.52; 0.96]), as expected. Unexpectedly, no moderation by observation time was found. In line with our hypothesis, no CIT effect emerged in the perpetrator-absent condition, indicating the absence of recognition (dE2 = 0.02 [− 0.17; 0.20]). We found no compelling evidence that one method would outperform the other. This work adds to accumulating evidence that suggests that, under favorable viewing conditions and replication provided, the RT-CIT might be diagnostic of facial recognition, for example when witnesses are hesitant of making an explicit identification. Future work might investigate conditions that affect performance in one, but not the other identification method.
Yeast-based production and in situ purification of acetaldehyde
Authors: Mengers Hendrik G. , Westarp William Graf von , Brücker Daniela , Jupke Andreas , Blank Lars M.
Published: February 2022

Acetaldehyde is a platform chemical with a production volume of more than 1 Mt/a, but is chiefly synthesized from petrochemical feedstocks. We propose the fermentative conversion of glucose towards acetaldehyde via genetically modified S. cerevisiae. This allows for ethanol-free bioactaldehyde production. Exploiting the high volatility of the product, in situ gas stripping in an aerated reactor is inevitable and crucial due to the respiratory toxicity effects of the acetaldehyde overproduction. We devise a lab-scale setup for the recovery of the product from the off-gas. Water was chosen as a suitable solvent and the Henry coefficient of acetaldehyde in water was validated experimentally. Based on an experimentally verified capture efficiency of 75%, an acetaldehyde production rate of over 100 mg/g/h was reached in 200 mL lab-scale fermentations.
The Role of Temperature in the Stress–Strain Evolution of Alpine Rock-Slopes: Thermo-Mechanical Modelling of the Cimaganda Rockslide
Authors: Morcioni Andrea , Apuani Tiziana , Cecinato Francesco
Published: February 2022

In this work, the thermo-mechanical stress–strain history of an Alpine slope is analyzed, with particular focus on the historical Cimaganda large landslide (Sondrio Province, Italy), which mobilized an estimated volume of 7.5 mm3 of rock material. Accurate geomorphological and geomechanical characterization involving field surveys and laboratory testing was carried out, leading to the development of a conceptual model of the slope. A thermo-mechanical semi-coupled approach was developed, considering both glacial debuttressing and thermo-mechanical effects due to gradual exposure of the slope to atmospheric conditions and paleo-temperature redistribution resulting from the Last Glacial Maximum deglaciation. A 2D distinct-element numerical approach was adopted, supported by a 2D finite-element analysis to simulate heat diffusion over the Valley cross-section. Modelling results allow to simulate the general evolution of the Cimaganda rock-slope and to highlight the significance of thermal processes in preparing rock-slope instabilities. While the mechanical effect of ice thickness reduction alone brings about moderate rock mass damage, the introduction of temperature couplings results in a substantial increase of damage, representing a significant factor controlling the stress–strain evolution of the slope. Simulated displacement and the development of a deep region of shear strain localization at a depth roughly corresponding to that of the detected Cimaganda sliding surface, allow to highlight the significance of temperature influence in preparing the rock-slope to instability.
Erste Erfahrungen mit der Bio-Zellulose Nanogen Aktiv in der Behandlung komplexer Wunden
Authors: Marnoto Rio , Warm Tobias Dominik , Storl Kerstin , Hyhlik-Dürr Alexander , Goßlau Yvonne Nicole
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund

Komplexe Wundsituationen stellen Patient und Therapeut häufig vor eine große Herausforderung. Neben der Behandlung der ursächlichen Erkrankung ist die Lokaltherapie bei der Wundbehandlung essenziell. Neben den klassischen Wundauflagen stehen mittlerweile mit Nanomaterialien neue Optionen zur Verfügung.

Fragestellung

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einfluss von Nanogen Aktiv (Vertrieb Lamed, Oberhaching, Deutschland) auf die Wundheilung und erfasst die Patientenzufriedenheit am Ende der Behandlung.

Material und Methoden

In der prospektiven Single-Center-Studie wurden im Zeitraum von 02/18 bis 04/20 insgesamt 20 Patienten mit chronischen Wunden mit Nanogen Aktiv behandelt. Hierzu wurden demografische Daten, das Keimspektrum in den Wunden und klinische Verläufe erfasst und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

In sieben Fällen (7/20) konnte eine Reduktion der Wundfläche in 4–40 Wochen erreicht werden. Bei den übrigen 13 Patienten konnte aus verschiedenen Gründen kein Therapieerfolg erzielt werden.

Diskussion

Nanogen Aktiv kann einen positiven Effekt auf die Heilung komplexer Wunden haben. Größe und Tiefe der Wunde beeinflussen die Therapiedauer. Die zugrunde liegende Erkrankung muss zwingend mitbehandelt werden. Die Indikation zur Behandlung mit Nanogen Aktiv sollte aufgrund des hohen zeitlichen Aufwandes individuell gestellt werden.
Efficacy assessment for low-level laser therapy in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a real-world study on 1383 patients
Authors: Qiu Jun , Yi Yanhua , Jiang Linlang , Miao Yong , Jia James , Zou Jian , Hu Zhiqi
Published: February 2022

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been a treatment modality by many androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients in recent years. It remained unclear as to how long the treatment regime should be maintained, and which characteristics of patients should this be recommended. A real-world study was carried out with an FDA-cleared low-level laser helmet for 1383 patients. Ordinal logistic regression analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) was used to investigate the factors related to efficacy assessment. More than 80% of users were between 18 and 40 years old. The median use times were 133 for mild AGA patients and 142 for moderate-to-severe AGA patients, which equated to 38 weeks and 40 weeks, respectively. The overall clinical effectiveness was nearly 80%. PSM analysis revealed that gender (P = 0.002), use period (P = 0.068), scalp conditions with dandruff, rash, and itchy symptoms were associated with the grading of efficacy assessment. Male users (ordinal OR: 1.35, CI: (1.01, 1.79)); use for more than 180 times or use period for 1 year (ordinal OR: 1.40, CI: (1.11, 1.96)); and those with scalp dandruff (ordinal OR: 1.34, CI: (1.01, 1.87)), rash (ordinal OR: 1.47, CI: (1.04, 2.07)), and itchy symptoms (ordinal OR: 1.51, CI: (1.12, 2.03)) had better efficacy assessments. The recommended treatment regime with low-level laser helmet was more than 1 year or 180 use times. Male patients with dandruff, rash, and itchy symptoms in scalps tended to have a better efficacy assessment.
The Average Condition Number of Most Tensor Rank Decomposition Problems is Infinite
Authors: Beltrán Carlos , Breiding Paul , Vannieuwenhoven Nick
Published: February 2022

The tensor rank decomposition, or canonical polyadic decomposition, is the decomposition of a tensor into a sum of rank-1 tensors. The condition number of the tensor rank decomposition measures the sensitivity of the rank-1 summands with respect to structured perturbations. Those are perturbations preserving the rank of the tensor that is decomposed. On the other hand, the angular condition number measures the perturbations of the rank-1 summands up to scaling. We show for random rank-2 tensors that the expected value of the condition number is infinite for a wide range of choices of the density. Under a mild additional assumption, we show that the same is true for most higher ranks$$r\ge 3$$r≥3as well. In fact, as the dimensions of the tensor tend to infinity, asymptotically all ranks are covered by our analysis. On the contrary, we show that rank-2 tensors have finite expected angular condition number. Based on numerical experiments, we conjecture that this could also be true for higher ranks. Our results underline the high computational complexity of computing tensor rank decompositions. We discuss consequences of our results for algorithm design and for testing algorithms computing tensor rank decompositions.
Inscription and Intergenerational Connection in Arthur Ransome’s Lakeland Novels
Authors: Lustig Timothy John
Published: February 2022

Jacqueline Rose’s influential notion of the “impossibility” of children’s literature rests on the claim that such works “frame” the child and place the adult “first”. Although Ransome’s writings undoubtedly contain instances of such divisions and hierarchies, this article argues that they also explore various kinds of communication and connection. In particular, the Lakeland novels which are the focus here—Swallows and Amazons (1930/2012), Swallowdale (1931/1968), Winter Holiday (1933/2013), Pigeon Post (1936/2013) and The Picts and the Martyrs (1943/1993)—make frequent mention of literary works but also display an intense interest in messages which are written on paper but also cut into surfaces such as wood and stone. These inscriptions challenge generational hierarchies in that they establish a means for different individuals to communicate the experience of being in the same place, albeit at different times. Yet as well as conveying the excitements of discovery and exploring the consolations which can follow recognitions of belatedness, this article also argues that Ransome’s Lakeland novels acknowledge and seek to manage the losses experienced by each generation.
The impact of lecture capture availability on academic performance in a large biomedical science course
Authors: Baillie Landon D. , Banow Ryan , Botterill Justin J.
Published: February 2022

Lecture capture is a technology where live lectures are recorded in a digital format and made available to students to view at their convenience. The use of this technology in higher education has steadily increased despite mixed results as to whether it is beneficial to student achievement. The current study utilized a two-group quasi-experimental design to examine the impact of lecture capture availability on academic performance in a large enrollment, two-term, second year biomedical science course. Academic performance was compared between two matched cohorts enrolled in the same biomedical science course taught by the same instructor in which one course did not have access to lecture recordings (2017–18 academic year, N = 433) and the other did (2018–19 academic year, N = 414). Academic performance was evaluated by comparing scores on identical exam questions and the final grade earned in the course. Student’s t-test revealed that lecture capture availability resulted in a decline in performance on exams and the final course grade. We also evaluated whether lecture capture influenced student attendance via an in-class student response system and a t-test found that student attendance was comparable between the cohorts. A chi-squared test also found that lecture capture availability resulted in significantly more course failures. Importantly, a student’s t-test showed that GPA did not differ between the cohorts. To our knowledge this is the first study to show that lecture capture availability resulted in a decline in academic performance despite similar in-class attendance and GPA.
The Effects of Emotion Regulation Treatment on Disruptive Behavior Problems in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Njardvik Urdur , Smaradottir Hronn , Öst Lars-Göran
Published: February 2022

Disruptive behavior problems are a frequent reason for children’s referrals to psychological services and can have negative effects on social and academic functioning. Most treatment programs involve parents as recipients and implementation of intervention programs in school is low. Deficits in emotion regulation have recently been implicated in the development of disruptive behavior disorders, making child directed early intervention programs focusing on increasing emotion regulation skills feasible. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Tuning Your Temper, a brief cognitive behavioral program for children with disruptive behavior problems, in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 125 children with disruptive behavior problems at school, aged 6–11 years old were randomized to either intervention or wait-list control condition. Treatment was conducted at school. Assessments included teacher and parent ratings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS) pre- and post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results showed a significant reduction in behavior problems for the treatment condition on both measures and effects were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Results were more robust for teacher ratings, with medium to large effect sizes. Tuning Your Temper appears to be a promising early intervention program for children with disruptive behavior problems at school.
Influence of Gas Temperature and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Sprayed Commercially Pure Titanium
Authors: Morks Magdi F , Zahiri Saden H , Chen Xiao-Bo , Gulizia Stefan , Vargas-Uscategui Alejandro , Cole Ivan S
Published: February 2022

Diffusion of oxygen and nitrogen in the cold sprayed commercially pure Ti (CS CP Ti) deposits profoundly impacts their mechanical properties. One plausible approach to additively manufacture a malleable (wrought) and high-density Ti is optimizing CS deposition parameters considering a reduction in porosity for the following heat treatment. Herein, we examined porosity, bulk density, and hardness characteristics of CS CP Ti deposits produced at varying processing gas temperatures (700, 800, and 900°C), which significantly influences the interactions of CP Ti with oxygen and nitrogen. Post-processing heat treatments at 800, 900, and 1000°C were performed in a high vacuum furnace, respectively, which diminished splat boundaries and submicron pores with increasing grain size. SEM images revealed that CS CP Ti had a dense microstructure with low porosity. According to LECO research, low spraying temperatures (i.e. 700°C) maintained oxygen and nitrogen levels in the CS CP Ti deposits at the same level as the stock powders. The bulk density of CS CP Ti produced at 900 °C matched that of wrought CP Ti metal. In addition, to improve the mechanical properties of CS CP Ti deposits, we looked at the link between CS conditions and heat treatment.
Epistemic Contradictions Do Not Threaten Classical Logic
Authors: Mayr Philipp
Published: February 2022

Epistemic contradictions are now a well-known and often discussed phenomenon among those who study epistemic modals. These contradictions are expressed by sentences like ‘It is raining and it might not be raining’ whose oddness to the common ear demands an explanation. However, it has turned out to be a rather controversial enterprise to provide such an explanation in a sufficiently precise and general manner. According to pragmatic explanations, epistemic contradictions are semantically consistent but pragmatically defective. According to semantic explanations, one should regard epistemic contradictions as plain semantic inconsistencies. Endorsing such a semantic solution is, however, tantamount to rejecting classical logic, which predicts the consistency of epistemic contradictions. After arguing that all existing solutions to this problem face as yet unmet challenges, I will present a new solution that adequately overcomes these challenges. I will propose to view epistemic contradictions as semantically consistent but epistemically defective sentences. The main thesis emerging will be that we need neither abandon the inference rules of classical logic nor the classical truth-conditional approach to semantics to deal adequately with epistemic contradictions.
Less Screen Time, More Frequent Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity are Associated with Greater Mental Wellbeing in Adolescents
Authors: Davison Jenny , Bunting Brendan , Connolly Paul , Lloyd Katrina , Dunne Laura , Stewart-Knox Barbara
Published: February 2022

Wellbeing declines during adolescence, for which the reasons are unclear. This analysis explored associations between wellbeing and multiple lifestyle, socioeconomic and school-level factors in young people. Data were collected as part of the Wellbeing in School (WiSe) survey of adolescent school children in Northern Ireland at age 13–14 years (N = 1618; 49% female) and 15–16 years (N = 1558; 50.5% female). Wellbeing was assessed using the short-form Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (sWEMWBS), where scores declined between time one (13–14 years) and time two (15–16 years) in both sexes and were significantly lower in females at both timepoints. Multilevel, multivariate modelling was therefore undertaken separately for males and females with sWEMWBS scores as the dependent variable. Physical activity, family affluence, fruit and vegetable intake, social media use, sleep duration, school factors (size and type) and religion were independent variables. More frequent physical activity in both sexes at both timepoints was associated with higher sWEMWBS scores. In females, higher sWEMWBS scores were associated with less social media use at time one (and marginally at time two), greater family affluence at time two, and being Catholic at both timepoints. In males, higher sWEMWBS scores were associated with more frequent fruit and vegetable intake at time one. Mental wellbeing was unrelated to sleep duration or school factors in either sex, at both time points. Efforts to maximize mental wellbeing in adolescents should promote engagement in physical activity and implement sex-specific interventions.
Non-degeneracy of Positive Solutions for Fractional Kirchhoff Problems: High Dimensional Cases
Authors: Yang Zhipeng
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we establish the nondegeneracy of positive solutions to the fractional Kirchhoff problem$$\begin{aligned} \Big (a+b{\int _{\mathbb {R}^{N}}}|(-\Delta )^{\frac{s}{2}}u|^2\mathrm{{d}}x\Big )(-\Delta )^su+u=u^p,\quad \text {in}\ \mathbb {R}^{N}, \end{aligned}$$(a+b∫RN|(-Δ)s2u|2dx)(-Δ)su+u=up,inRN,where$$a,b>0$$a,b>0,$$0<s<1$$0<s<1,$$1
4s$$N>4s, i.e., we show that there exist two non-degenerate positive solutions which seem to be completely different from the result of the fractional Schrödinger equation or the low dimensional fractional Kirchhoff equation. As one application, combining this nondegeneracy result and Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method, we can derive the existence of solutions to the singularly perturbation problems.
Feasibility of lime and biopolymer treatment for soft clay improvement: a comparative and complementary approach
Authors: Onah Hyginus Nwankwo , Nwonu Donald Chimobi , Ikeagwuani Chijioke Christopher
Published: February 2022

Highway pavement infrastructure projects which involve soil improvement should be executed, ensuring environmental sustainability. In the present study, guar gum (GG) and lime were assessed for the purpose of soft clay stabilization. The experimental program for the soil stabilization employed a two-stage process. The initial stage involves treatment of the soil with various percentages of lime (3, 5, 7, and 9%) and GG (0.6, 1.0, 1.4, and 1.8%), maintaining the same material acquisition cost and considering curing (0, 7, 14, and 28 days) for the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). In the second experimental stage, a complementary approach in which 3% lime was combined with GG at various percentages (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) was employed. The tests conducted include UCS, California bearing ratio (CBR), and strength loss resistance (SLR). Results show that the sole use of lime and GG resulted in significant improvement in the UCS, albeit lime was better. While UCS improved with curing time for the lime-stabilized soil, UCS gain for GG occurred only for up to 7 days curing because biodegradation of GG by microbes in the soil ensues on further curing. Lime-GG stabilization resulted in better UCS and CBR improvement with curing than lime stabilization; however, lime stabilization yielded better SLR. The optimum additive content for strength improvement was obtained at 3% lime + 0.3% GG. Microstructural analysis indicated cementation in the stabilized soil. Predictive models for the UCS were developed based on regression methods. Model evaluation revealed that Gaussian process model provided the best UCS prediction.
Impact and distributional effects of a home garden and nutrition intervention in Cambodia
Authors: Depenbusch Lutz , Schreinemachers Pepijn , Brown Stuart , Roothaert Ralph
Published: February 2022

Home garden interventions combining training in agriculture and nutrition have the potential to increase vegetable production and consumption in lower-income countries, but there remains a need for better evidence for impact. This study contributes to filling this gap by evaluating the impact and distributional effects of a home garden intervention in Cambodia. We used a cluster randomized controlled trial with before and after data for a sample of 500 rural households with children under five and women 16–49 years old. Impact was estimated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and conditional quantile regressions with non-parametric bounds. The results show that the intervention significantly increased the adoption of nearly all promoted gardening methods. More households (+ 35%; p < 0.01) produced vegetables, and the production period was extended by five months on average. One-month recall data show an increase in vegetables harvested (+ 25 kg; p < 0.01) and consumed (+ 10 kg; p < 0.01) from the garden. Quantile regressions confirm these findings and show that nearly all households benefitted, but households that were already doing better at baseline tended to benefit more. Seven-day recall data show an increase in the quantity of vegetables consumed (+ 61 g/day/capita; p < 0.01) and an increased quantity of vitamin A, folate, iron, and zinc contained in these vegetables. Women contributed more to the garden work than men and their time spent in the garden increased by 29 min/day on average. These results add further evidence that integrated home garden interventions can contribute to nutrition outcomes and that almost all participants can benefit.
The national burden of scabies in Germany: a population-based approach using Internet search engine data
Authors: Wu Jing , Tizek Linda , Rueth Melvin , Wecker Hannah , Kain Alphina , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Scabies is a World Health Organization-defined neglected tropical disease and a growing public health issue worldwide. It is difficult to obtain reliable data on prevalence due to the lack of standardized tests. The aim of this study was to assess scabies online search behavior in Germany to identify local differences using Google search volume.

Methods

Google Ads Keyword Planner was used to investigate the scabies-related search volume for Germany as a whole, its 16 federal states, and 15 large cities for the period from January 2016 to December 2019. The identified search terms were qualitatively categorized and critically analyzed.

Results

A total of 572 keywords with an overall search volume of 11,414,180 searches regarding scabies were identified in Germany. The number of searches was higher in winter than in summer, with a national peak in March 2018. Around 30.6% of the searches regarding scabies therapy (n = 978,420) were related to home remedies. Regarding body localization, most searches focused on the whole body (n = 109,050), followed by head (n = 89,360) and the genital area (n = 28,640).

Conclusions

The analysis of Google search data provides an overview of the populations’ interest regarding scabies. The analysis can detect local peaks and assess the relevance of scabies at individual localizations of the body. The study highlighted current possible shortcomings in the therapy of scabies. It also underlined the importance of improving awareness regarding scabies so that affected individuals can consult a doctor earlier for treatment.
A deep learning method DCWR with HANet for stock market prediction using news articles
Authors: Albahli Saleh , Awan Awais , Nazir Tahira , Irtaza Aun , Alkhalifah Ali , Albattah Waleed
Published: February 2022

Stock movement prediction is a challenging problem to analyze in both academic and financial research areas. The advancement of deep learning (DL) techniques has grasped the attention of researchers to employ them for predicting the stock market’s future trends. Few frameworks can understand the financial terms in literature, and the volatile nature of stock markets further complicates this process. This paper has tried to overcome the existing challenges by introducing a DL-based framework using financial news articles to forecast the stock market. After performing preprocessing step, the deep contextualized word representation (DCWR) approach is applied for feature extraction. In the next step, the independent component analysis (ICA) method is used for feature reduction. Finally, the resultant features train the hierarchical attention networks (HANet) classifier to predict the stock movements. The proposed scheme is evaluated over the 7 years of data from a publicly available dataset gathered from the Reuter’s website and attained an average prediction accuracy of 92.5% which shows our framework’s robustness.
Effect of alkali treated and untreated cellulose fibers and human hair on FTIR and tensile properties for composite material applications
Authors: Kathiresan Selvakumar , Meenakshisundaram Omkumar
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the application of natural fiber reinforced polymer composite is rapidly increasing in different parts of the world due to its light weight, low cost, availability and feasibility of easy fabrication. This article focuses on the investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of natural fibers such as human hair, Sterculia foetida, delonix regia and caryotta obtusa fibers in terms of the analysis of the suitability of reinforcement material in composites. Untreated fibers were compared with NaOH treated fibers. Compositional analysis from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy, tensile properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus and percentage elongation of both untreated and treated fibers are discussed in detail. The properties of these natural fibers were compared with those of other natural fibers. The scope of addition of human hair, sterculia foetida, and delonix regia and caryotta obtusa fibers as reinforcement material in polymer composites were reported.
Spelling It Out
Authors: Adoniou Misty
Published: February 2022

Spelling can be a source of anxiety for school children and working professionals alike. Yet the spelling of words in English is not as random or chaotic as it is often perceived to be; rather, it is a system based on both meaning and a fascinating linguistic history. Misty Adoniou's public articles on the processes of teaching and learning spelling have garnered an overwhelming response from concerned parents and teachers looking for effective solutions to the problems they face in teaching English spelling to children. Spelling It Out, Revised edition aims to ease anxiety and crush the myth that good spelling comes naturally. Good spelling comes from good teaching. Based on Misty Adoniou's extensive research into spelling learning and instruction, this book encourages children and adults to nurture a curiosity about words, discover their history and, in so doing, understand the logic behind the way they are spelled.
Ginzburg algebras of triangulated surfaces and perverse schobers
Authors: Christ Merlin
Published: February 2022

Ginzburg algebras associated to triangulated surfaces provide a means to categorify the cluster algebras of these surfaces. As shown by Ivan Smith, the finite derived category of such a Ginzburg algebra can be embedded into the Fukaya category of the total space of a Lefschetz fibration over the surface. Inspired by this perspective, we provide a description of the unbounded derived category in terms of a perverse schober. The main novelty is a gluing formalism describing the Ginzburg algebra as a colimit of certain local Ginzburg algebras associated to discs. As a first application, we give a new construction of derived equivalences between these Ginzburg algebras associated to flips of an edge of the triangulation. Finally, we note that the perverse schober as well as the resulting gluing construction can also be defined over the sphere spectrum.
On the polydisperse particle migration and formation of chains in a square channel flow of non-Newtonian fluids
Authors: Hu Xiao , Lin Peifeng , Lin Jianzhong , Zhu Zuchao , Yu Zhaosheng
Published: February 2022

The migration of polydisperse particles and the formation of self-organized particle chains in a square channel flow of non-Newtonian fluids is studied. The effects of rheological behaviour of the fluid, solution concentration and flow rate are explored experimentally. The direct forcing/fictitious domain method is adopted to qualitatively verify the experiments and further analyse the mechanisms of particle migration and particle chain self-organization. The results show that only particles in viscoelastic fluids with negligible shear-thinning effect will remain at the channel centreline as the flow rate increases. The monodisperse particles reach the same velocity when migrating to the equilibrium position. However, in polydisperse suspensions, the smaller the particle diameter, the greater the velocity when the particle migrates to the equilibrium position. In a viscoelastic fluid, the polydisperse particles are more likely to self-organize into long particle chains along the channel centreline than the monodisperse particles, where the large and small particles are at the front and end of the chain. The dimensionless alignment factor (Af) is adopted to quantify the formation of particle chains, which is the largest in viscoelastic fluids and rapidly increases before decreasing to a stable value as the flow rate increases. For larger particle diameter ratios and stronger shear-thinning effect, the long particle chain self-organization is less obvious. The self-organizing particle chains at the channel centreline are strongly influenced by the fluid elastic properties and weakly by the inertial effect; however, the shear-thinning effect disperses the particles and prevents the formation of long straight particle chains.
Large-deviation results for triangular arrays of semiexponential random variables
Authors: Klein Thierry , Lagnoux Agnès , Petit Pierre
Published: February 2022

Asymptotics deviation probabilities of the sum
$S_n=X_1+\dots+X_n$
of independent and identically distributed real-valued random variables have been extensively investigated, in particular when
$X_1$
is not exponentially integrable. For instance, Nagaev (1969a, 1969b) formulated exact asymptotics results for
$\mathbb{P}(S_n>x_n)$
with
$x_n\to \infty$
when
$X_1$
has a semiexponential distribution. In the same setting, Brosset et al. (2020) derived deviation results at logarithmic scale with shorter proofs relying on classical tools of large-deviation theory and making the rate function at the transition explicit. In this paper we exhibit the same asymptotic behavior for triangular arrays of semiexponentially distributed random variables.
State-enlisted Voluntarism in China: The Role of Public Security Volunteers in Social Stability Maintenance
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Shizong , Zhang Zhihan
Published: February 2022

This article explores how the Chinese government aims to maintain social stability by encouraging citizens to become volunteers. We propose that a new type of governance, namely, “state-enlisted voluntarism,” is being deployed in which public security volunteers are mobilized and monitored by the state. Analysis based on ten-year nationwide empirical data gathered from local areas in China suggests that the government intentionally enlists citizens into its hierarchical system to strengthen its administrative capacity and maintain a stable society without the risk of domestic threats. We find that direct enlistment approaches empower citizens as state proxies, and that indirect enlistment approaches ensure that various social stakeholders are comprehensively controlled. In general, the Chinese government has four reasons to institutionalize the state enlistment of voluntarism: to increase human resources at the grassroots; transform social organizations into subordinates; frame policy innovations as political credits; and to avoid blame. Our findings also suggest that China's party-state system mobilizes citizens into implementation-oriented activities rather than engages them in policymaking to maintain social stability at the grassroots.
Lived Experiences of Long-Term Care Administrative Staff Responsible for the Admissions Process
Authors: Sedaghat-Modabberi Rayka , Meisner Brad A. , Safai Parissa
Published: February 2022

The process of admission of, typically, older residents into long-term care (LTC) has been greatly examined from the perspectives of the residents and their family members/caregivers. However, the viewpoint of the administrative staff directly involved has been left relatively unexamined. This article highlights findings from a qualitative study focused on exploring the lived experiences of LTC administrative staff working with residents-to-be and families/caregivers during the admissions process. Data from semi-structured interviews with seven participants indicate that these individuals often take on roles/tasks that go beyond the scope of their official work descriptions. Participants acknowledged the heavy toll of the stressful nature of their work on their health/well-being, but often normalized the pressures as part of their professional, if not personal, responsibilities to help others. Recommendations on improving the admissions process highlighted the lack of critique of the LTC system, despite its responsibility for the challenges that shape their day-to-day work.
Vibrio cholerae was found in cultured bullfrog
Authors: Yang Yibin , Zhu Xia , Zhang Haixin , Chen Yuhua , Liu Yongtao , Song Yi , Ai Xiaohui
Published: February 2022

Bullfrog is one of the most important economic aquatic animals in China that is widely cultured in southern China and is a key breed recommended as an industry of poverty alleviation in China. During recent years, a fatal bacterial disease has often been found in cultured bullfrogs. The clinical manifestations of the diseased bullfrogs were severe intestinal inflammation and an anal prolapse. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from the diseased bullfrog intestines. The bacterium was identified as Vibrio cholerae using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. In this study, V. cholerae was isolated and identified in diseased bullfrogs for the first time, providing a basis for the diagnosis and control of the disease. Therefore, attention should be paid to the modes of transmission of V. cholerae from bullfrog and formulate reasonable safety measures.
Education and Trade Attitudes: Revisiting the Role of Economic Interest
Authors: Stiller Yannick , Dür Andreas , Huber Robert A.
Published: February 2022

Why are highly educated people more supportive of international trade? Two competing explanations exist for this empirical finding. On the one hand, the economic interest approach suggests that the highly educated realize that trade can benefit them economically. On the other hand, the ideational perspective argues that this relationship arises because highly educated people are more cosmopolitan, and cosmopolitanism is positively related to support for trade. To contribute to this debate on the education–trade attitude nexus, we present and empirically test four hypotheses. Using data from the PEW Global Attitudes survey (2014) for 36 countries at various levels of development, we find that as expected by the economic interest approach, the effect of education on people's perceptions of the consequences of trade is conditional on respondents’ individual and subnational economic context. The results thus show that economic interest at least partly explains education's effects on public opinion towards trade. Beyond adding to this specific debate, the research note makes several broader contributions to research on trade and public opinion.
, , AND REINHARDT’S PROGRAM
Authors: CASTALDO LUCA , STERN JOHANNES
Published: February 2022

In “Some Remarks on Extending and Interpreting Theories with a Partial Truth Predicate”, Reinhardt [21] famously proposed an instrumentalist interpretation of the truth theory Kripke–Feferman (
$\mathrm {KF}$
) in analogy to Hilbert’s program. Reinhardt suggested to view
$\mathrm {KF}$
as a tool for generating “the significant part of
$\mathrm {KF}$
”, that is, as a tool for deriving sentences of the form
$\mathrm{Tr}\ulcorner {\varphi }\urcorner $
. The constitutive question of Reinhardt’s program was whether it was possible “to justify the use of nonsignificant sentences entirely within the framework of significant sentences”. This question was answered negatively by Halbach & Horsten [10] but we argue that under a more careful interpretation the question may receive a positive answer. To this end, we propose to shift attention from
$\mathrm {KF}$
-provably true sentences to
$\mathrm {KF}$
-provably true inferences, that is, we shall identify the significant part of
$\mathrm {KF}$
with the set of pairs
$\langle {\Gamma , \Delta }\rangle $
, such that
$\mathrm {KF}$
proves that if all members of
$\Gamma $
are true, at least one member of
$\Delta $
is true. In way of addressing Reinhardt’s question we show that the provably true inferences of suitable
$\mathrm {KF}$
-like theories coincide with the provable sequents of matching versions of the theory Partial Kripke–Feferman (
$\mathrm {PKF}$
).