bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A influência do valor percebido no constructo "boca a boca" em academias esportivas
Authors: Natus Stefani Tainá , Curth Marcelo , Kerber Luis Eurico , Gonçalves Manuela Albornoz
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi coletar dados sobre a relação de valor percebido no construto boca a boca em uma academia esportiva.Metodologia/Abordagem: Foi realizada uma pesquisa com 123 respondentes. A técnica estatística utilizada foi Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) por meio da qual foi testado o modelo conceitual foi testado.Originalidade/Relevância: Em um ambiente de mercado competitivo, é importante que os clientes estejam satisfeitos com os serviços prestados, pois, além de serem leais a eles, um comportamento boca-a-boca pode ajudar a conquistar novos clientes. Assim, compreender e medir as dimensões do valor percebido é fundamental para desenvolver melhores estratégias de mercado e relacionamento com o cliente.Resultados: Os resultados mostram que as variáveis do valor percebido (emoção, preço, serviço e imagem) influenciam positivamente a intenção de recomendação, destacando a dimensão imagem/reputação da academia.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A análise do construto "boca a boca" mostrou-se de grande valor para a academia, pois pode avaliar a percepção de seus clientes e a intenção de recomendação em relação aos serviços prestados, melhorando assim a qualidade de suas estratégias. Ao longo da pesquisa, surgiram situações que levam a estudos futuros e mostram o quanto o valor percebido pelo cliente influencia o constructo "boca a boca".
Dobra wiara à rebours – uwagi o konstrukcji podatku
akcyzowego w świetle orzecznictwa
Authors: Radzikowski Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

Cechą konstrukcyjną VAT i akcyzy jest przerzucenie odpowiedzialności za podatek, którego wbrew prawu nie
zadeklarowali ani nie odprowadzili inni podatnicy (odpowiedzialność quasi-solidarna). W zakresie VAT odpowiedzialność
tę łagodzi klauzula dobrej wiary wynikająca z orzecznictwa TSUE, niemniej nie ma ona zastosowania do
akcyzy. Sądy administracyjne odwołują się jednak do tej klauzuli à reburs, wywodząc negatywne dla podatnika
konsekwencje z okoliczności odpowiadających brakowi dobrej wiary w rozumieniu VAT.
Management of Incorrect Public Works Cost Estimations for Japan’s Local Governments
Authors: Nishi Nobuo , Minagawa Masaru
Published: April 2021

Local governmental public works departments frequently engage in planning, cost estimation, ceiling price determination, bidding, contracting, construction, supervision, and inspection activities for various building projects. However, despite all this work, local governments in Japan often cancel bids for project design and construction due to incorrect cost estimations. Consequently, facilities are often not constructed as planned, resulting in adverse impacts on public services and decreased government employees’ motivation. While local governments have conducted internal investigations to prevent incorrect estimations, a firm diagnosis model and preventive measures have not been developed. This study analyses the various causes of incorrect cost estimations and subsequently examines the resulting social problems. We propose improved human resources development management and organisational management techniques using the V-mSELC model—an error analysis model designed to address incorrect cost estimations. The study aims to aid public works professionals and interested scholars.
Administrative Law in the Sphere of Public Policy upon Restoration of Independence of Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Načisčionis Janis , Urmonas Algimantas
Published: April 2021

The authors of the article explore the multi-functionality of administrative law. Administrative legislation should take into account social realities, recognize the usefulness of social order (when assessing the need for legislative changes or their stability) and transfer them to the level of justice (in terms of the adequacy of legal regulation). After the restoration of independence, administrative law in Latvia and Lithuania had to undergo a transformation of values, abandon the imposed Soviet ideological standards and master new standards of democracies. This strengthened social and legal values, enshrined and protected in the Constitutions of both countries and after accession to the EU, in accordance with the provisions of public administration, allowed by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.The article notes that the formation of legislative policy and the creation of legislation usually based on the discretion of the culture of politicians. The authors of the article draw attention to the synergistic knowledge of social reality and the use of this knowledge when building administrative and legal regulation to the level of macro-social regulation.
Mobbing in the Public Sector: the Case of the Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania and its Institutions
Authors: Skurdenienė Nijolė , Prakapienė Dalia
Published: April 2021

One element of any organization’s success is its organizational culture that manifests itself through the creation of a value system and emphasis on the well-being of employees. In this context, mobbing is a phenomenon understood as psychological stress experienced by individuals at work as a result of certain actions by another person leading to negative consequences for the individual, the organization and society. Given the fact that mobbing in statutory organizations or in organisations involved in their activities has hardly been studied, this article aims to reveal the peculiarities of mobbing in the Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania and its institutions through the organizational environment and employees’ relationships. Two hundred and one participants responded to the questionnaire. It was found that mobbing exists in the Ministry of National Defence and its institutions, but the number of employees experiencing workplace bullying corresponds to the general trend established by scientific research. The results also revealed that mobbing does not depend on the employee’s length of service, it is most commonly expressed through verbal communication and women experience it more often than men. It can be stated that the prevention of mobbing in the institutions under analysis is very weak and conflicts are solved in a time-consuming manner, concentrating only on local measures.
Export – economic growth nexus in the world regions: directions of public policy
Authors: Dudzevičiūtė Gitana , Šimelytė Agnė , Giedraitytė Vidmantė
Published: April 2021

This paper has examined a long - run causal nexus between export and economic growth in six regions of the world. For this purpose, the authors have applied the Granger causality test. Using annual data for the period of 1971 – 2018, the authors have tested the direction of the causality between the variables. The research has found unidirectional causality running from export to economic growth in Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. Moreover, the research has noticed the absence of the Granger causality in Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean. The findings could be useful in implementing regional policy. In Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania policy makers should aware of the importance of trade and focus on implementing export-oriented policies to stimulate economic growth and achieve sustainable development.
Group-Assign: Type Theoretic Framework for Human AI Orchestration
Authors: Beng Ng Aik , See Simon , Lai Zhangsheng , Lin Shaowei
Published: April 2021

In today’s Information Age, we work under the constant drive to be more productive. Unsurprisingly, we progress towards being an AI-augmented workforce where we are augmented by AI assistants and collaborate with each other (and their AI assistants) at scale. In the context of humans, a human language suffices to describe and orchestrate our intents (and corresponding actions) with others. This, however, is clearly insufficient in the context of humans and machines. To achieve this, communication across a network of different humans and machines is crucial. With this objective, our research scope covers and presents a type theoretic framework and language built upon type theory (a branch of symbolic logic in mathematics), to enable the collaboration within a network of humans and AI assistants. While the idea of human-machine or human-computer collaboration is not new, to the best of our knowledge, we are one of the first to propose the use of type theory to orchestrate and describe human-machine collaboration. In our proposed work, we define a fundamental set of type theoretic rules and abstract functions Group and Assign to achieve the type theoretic description, composition and orchestration of intents and implementations for an AI-augmented workforce.
Design and Development of High Entropy Alloys Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kumar Singh Shailesh , K. Singh Vivek
Published: April 2021

The conventional design approach of alloys initiates with one principal element and continues by adding several alloying elements to obtain desired properties. In this method, the intrinsic properties of the designed alloy are governed by the principal element. For example, in steel alloy, iron is the principal element, Aluminium in aluminium alloy, and so on. Compared to the conventional alloy, high entropy alloys do not have any dominating elements; all the elements present in these alloys either have an equal or near-equal ratio of elements. As reported in the literature, these alloys exhibit interesting material properties such as high strength, high hardness, improved elevated temperature strength, and magnetic properties. These characteristics make HEAs a suitable option for high-performance applications in the aero engine, aerospace structures, and machine tools. High entropy alloy has multiple principal elements as shown in schematic diagram 1; it leads to much higher possible compositions than conventional alloys. The huge compositional space provides an opportunity to improve desired mechanical properties. If it is explored through “trial and error,” it will be challenging and cumbersome. Therefore, search schemes that can competently and promptly recognize particular alloys with desired properties are essential. Artificial Intelligence is a useful tool to model, discover, and optimize new alloys that enable predicting individual material properties as a function of composition. While the application of Artificial Intelligence is quite popular in many aspects of society, its usage in material informatics is still in the nascent stage. The algorithm used in artificial intelligence is trained to pick up predictive rules from data and create a material model quicker than a computational model and can even generate the model for which no physical model exists. Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows predicting a set of experiments to be conducted to detect new alloy having desired properties. Thus, AI can be used as a valuable tool to optimize the development of new alloys.
The Role of Adaptive Surveillance as a Core Intervention to Achieve Malaria Elimination
Authors: Roca-Feltrer Arantxa , Stratil Ann-Sophie , K. Tibenderana James
Published: April 2021

Adaptive surveillance systems are essential for national programmes to achieve their malaria elimination goals. Core principles of surveillance systems including accurate diagnosis and reporting of malaria cases, integration of health data across administrative levels and the need to link data to a response are well defined by international guidelines. Nevertheless, while the requirements of surveillance systems along the transmission continuum are clearly documented, the operationalization remains challenging for national programmes. Firstly, because the multi-level increase of surveillance efforts demanding real-time and case-based data as well as the capacity of the health force to trigger locally customized responses, is resource intensive and requires substantial investment. Secondly, because there is a gap in international alignment on best tools and practices on how to operationally implement these requirements. Recently, several initiatives have started to address this gap in international coordination, aiming to establish the operational guidance for elimination programmes to successfully implement adaptive surveillance systems.
Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de idosos hospitalizados
Authors: Martins Bruna , Yoshitome Aparecida Yosie , Vieira Thais Fernanda , Sala Danila Cristina Paquier , Júnior Gerson Scherrer , Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos hospitalizados e sua associação as variáveis sociodemográficas, econômica, tempo de internação e ter cuidador. Método: estudo transversal, no qual foram incluídos cem participantes. A coleta de dados deu-se entre setembro de 2018 e abril de 2019. Aplicou-se o 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: saúde mental e aspectos físicos foram, respectivamente, os domínios da qualidade de vida com maior e menor escore. Sexo masculino, empregado, sem cuidador, maior idade e renda familiar se associaram de forma positiva com qualidade de vida; e de forma negativa maior tempo de internação e ter cuidador. Conclusão: as variáveis associadas à qualidade de vida foram sexo, idade, ocupação, maior renda familiar, tempo de internação e cuidador. Os cuidados com idosos internados devem ser planejados, levando-se em consideração fatores que interferem na qualidade de vida.
Ações realizadas pelo acompanhante durante os cuidados imediatos com o recém-nascido em maternidades públicas
Authors: Sabino Mayara Carminatti , Costa Roberta , Velho Manuela Beatriz , Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , Junges Carolina Frescura , Gomes Iris Elizabete Messa
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: descrever as ações realizadas pelo acompanhante da mulher durante os cuidados imediatos com o recém-nascido. Método: estudo quantitativo descritivo realizado em três maternidades públicas da Grande Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, com 1.075 entrevistados entre março de 2015 e maio de 2016; e aplicou-se análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: nas ações realizadas destacaram-se: conversar com o recém-nascido (94,8%); acariciar (93,0%); acalmar (78,3%); pegar no colo (81,4%); auxiliar na primeira mamada (67,6%); e, conduzi-lo até a mãe (58,4%). Foram menos frequentes: dar o primeiro banho (7,9%); cortar o cordão umbilical (20,4%); e, colocar a fralda (26,7%). Conclusão: a participação do acompanhante nos cuidados com o recém-nascido demonstra ações de caráter sentimental, afetivo e de cuidado, bem como facilita o estabelecimento dos vínculos familiares. Conhecer as ações realizadas pelo acompanhante contribui para a prática assistencial, com a possibilidade de ampliar sua participação e proporcionar um maior significado para a mulher e à família.
Nascimentos da cegonha: experiência de puérperas assistidas pela enfermagem obstétrica em Centro de Parto Normal
Authors: Lima Bruna Cristina Araujo , Almeida Hevelyn Kelly Samara Leite , Melo Mônica Cecília Pimentel , Morais Ramon José Leal de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar as percepções e sentimentos de puérperas acerca das experiências do parto assistido pela enfermagem obstétrica em Centro de Parto Normal (CPN), no contexto da Rede Cegonha. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, realizada com 14 puérperas assistidas em CPN do sertão nordestino, as entrevistas ocorreram de abril a maio de 2018 e o material foi discutido segundo análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: os relatos apontaram uma assistência acolhedora, com formação de vínculo e boas práticas de assistência ao parto. Uma desinformação em relação ao papel da enfermagem no nascimento revelou-se no conteúdo. As puérperas descrevem a estrutura física disponível no CPN como ambiente de tranquilidade, conforto e privacidade. Conclusão: a assistência prestada pela enfermagem obstétrica em CPNs influencia positivamente nas experiências de parturientes. Nesse contexto, uma assistência humanizada em local apropriado é indispensável para que o processo de parir transcorra sem complicações proporcionando segurança, satisfação e bem estar.
Práticas de autocuidado e os efeitos colaterais imediatos em mulheres com câncer ginecológico em braquiterapia
Authors: Silva Rosimeri Helena da , Rosa Luciana Martins da , Dias Mirella , Salum Nádia Chiodelli , Varela Ana Inêz Severo , Radünz Vera
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: revelar os efeitos colaterais imediatos e as práticas de autocuidado adotadas por mulheres com câncer ginecológico submetidas à braquiterapia. Método: pesquisa narrativa, realizada com 12 mulheres, no Sul do Brasil, entre dezembro/2018 e janeiro/2019, incluindo entrevista semiestruturada submetida à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise emergiram três categorias temáticas: Cuidados orientados e adotados pelas mulheres em braquiterapia pélvica; Efeitos colaterais imediatos percebidos pelas mulheres em braquiterapia pélvica; Cuidados não orientados pelos profissionais da saúde. Os cuidados orientados pelas enfermeiras mais relatados pelas mulheres foram dilatação vaginal, uso de ducha e lubrificante vaginal, consumo de chá, higienização e guarda do dilatador vaginal. Os efeitos colaterais mais citados nas entrevistas foram alterações urinárias e intestinais na pele e mucosas. Conclusão: evidencia-se que a atenção de enfermagem em braquiterapia deve priorizar cuidados para prevenir e controlar as alterações geniturinárias e tegumentares, incluindo práticas de autocuidado.
Efeitos da avaliação sobre os programas brasileiros de pós-graduação em Administração: análise sobre o isomorfismo
Authors: Backes Danieli Artuzi Pes , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro , Lobato Josiane de Oliveira , Negri Sandra
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar resultados de pesquisa relacionada com os efeitos da avaliação da Capes sobre os programas de pós-graduação em Administração - PPGAs. O método inclui estatística descritiva, análise de agrupamentos, revisão bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados apontaram a presença de isomorfismo mimético entre os PPGAs com diferentes intensidades. O maior grau de isomorfismo entre os grupos mais homogêneos torna evidente a disseminação da prática de espelhamento nas propostas curriculares, em especial nos programas menos tradicionais. Observou-se nos últimos anos que a Capes, que ora contribuiu para o isomorfismo, passou a adotar medidas para reduzir as similaridades, evitando o comprometimento evolutivo da ciência. As implicações do isomorfismo são a geração de entraves para os avanços qualitativos da produção científica.Palavras-chave: avaliação; pressões institucionais; isomorfismo; Capes; programas de pós-graduação.
Needed improvements in standards and transparency for staff promotion
Authors: Richmond Geri , Rohlfing Celeste , Stockard Jean , Tucker Jane , Butterfield Barbara , Noviski Maya , Lewis Priscilla
Published: April 2021

In 2019, COACh, an organization dedicated to developing equitable opportunities in science and engineering, contracted with NIST to design and implement a data-driven study to examine the causes of inequity in promotions and develop draft recommendations. This document compiles reports of that work. A companion report by Maya Noviski, NIST GCR 21-030 Supporting Women and Under-Represented Minorities in the Sciences: Implementing Equitable Approaches to organizational Change summarizes scholarly literature that informed final recommendations. The work began with listening sessions with NIST scientific staff and administrators (mainly ZPs and ZTs), which revealed that many employees held strong views about promotion opportunities and process. This was followed by analyses of NIST personnel actions from 2000 to 2019. (Reports in Part I.) In contrast to views often expressed in the listening sessions and implicit in the wording of the call for proposals, extensive statistical analyses found little evidence that women were disadvantaged in promotions or salaries. A survey of ZP employees supported these conclusions. (Reports in Part II.) However, extensive statistical analyses and examination of open-ended comments indicated less than half of the employees believed that the promotion criteria were understood by employees or appropriate for the NIST mission or their unit or that the promotion process was fair. The concerns were more often expressed by those at lower pay bands. Within bands, gender differences in views were minimal. Focus groups with ZP staff and Group Leaders, as well as interviews with ZT staff, confirmed the conclusions from the HR data and survey and provided examples of issues with the promotion criteria and process. Direct quotes informed our conclusions and expanded our recommendations for change. (Reports in part III.) The recommendations are designed to help develop a more transparent promotion process that is seen as fair and equitable by all staff (Part IV). Appendices include material for leaders implementing change or those interested in replicating the work.
The San Francisco Estuary Institute Collection at the NIST Biorepository
Authors: Ellisor Debra , Buzby Nina , Weaver Michael , Foley Melissa , Pugh Rebecca
Published: April 2021

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been collaborating with the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) since 2009, providing biobanking services at the NIST Biorepository in Charleston, South Carolina, in support of their ongoing water quality monitoring program, the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Bay (RMP). Specimens (bivalve tissue, bird egg contents, fish tissue and sediment) are collected and processed by SFEI-partnering institutions according to their established protocols and shipped to the NIST Biorepository for archiving. This report outlines NIST s role in the project, describes collection and processing protocols developed by SFEI and their collaborators, details shipping and archival procedures employed by biorepository staff and provides an inventory of the collection maintained by NIST from 2009 to 2020.
Numerical investigation of low pressure inductively coupled plasma sources: A review
Authors: Zhang Yu-Ru , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: April 2021

Inductively coupled plasmas have been widely used in the etch process due to the high plasma density, simple reactor geometry, etc. Since the plasma characteristics are difficult to understand only via experiments, the numerical study seems to be a valuable and effective tool, which could help us to gain an in-depth insight into the plasma properties and the underlying mechanisms. During the past few years, various models have been employed to investigate inductive discharges, such as global model, fluid model, fluid/Monte Carlo collision hybrid model, biased sheath model, particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision hybrid model, etc. Since the plasma parameters are volume averaged in the global model, which effectively reduces the computational burden, it is usually used to study the reactive gas discharges with a complex chemistry set. In order to obtain the spatial distribution, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional fluid model is necessary. However, in the fluid model, the electron energy distribution function is assumed to be Maxwellian, which is invalid under special discharge conditions. For instance, strong electric field and low pressure may result in non-Maxwellian distributions, such as bi-Maxwellian distribution, two-temperature distribution, etc. Therefore, a fluid/Monte Carlo collision hybrid model is adopted to take the electron kinetics into account. Besides, a separate biased sheath model is necessary to study the influence of the sheath on the plasma properties self-consistently. The particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision hybrid model is a fully kinetic method based on the first-principles, which could be used to investigate the non-local and non-thermal equilibrium phenomena. In conclusion, the numerical investigation of inductively coupled plasmas has a significant importance for plasma process optimization.
The final step of 40S ribosomal subunit maturation is controlled by a dual key lock
Authors: Plassart Laura , Shayan Ramtin , Montellese Christian , Rinaldi Dana , Larburu Natacha , Pichereaux Carole , Froment Carine , Lebaron Simon , O'Donohue Marie-Françoise , Kutay Ulrike , Marcoux Julien , Gleizes Pierre-Emmanuel , Plisson-Chastang Celia
Published: April 2021

Preventing premature interaction of pre-ribosomes with the translation apparatus is essential for translational accuracy. Hence, the final maturation step releasing functional 40S ribosomal subunits, namely processing of the 18S ribosomal RNA 3′ end, is safeguarded by the protein DIM2, which both interacts with the endoribonuclease NOB1 and masks the rRNA cleavage site. To elucidate the control mechanism that unlocks NOB1 activity, we performed cryo-electron microscopy analysis of late human pre-40S particles purified using a catalytically inactive form of the ATPase RIO1. These structures, together with in vivo and in vitro functional analyses, support a model in which ATP-loaded RIO1 cooperates with ribosomal protein RPS26/eS26 to displace DIM2 from the 18S rRNA 3′ end, thereby triggering final cleavage by NOB1; release of ADP then leads to RIO1 dissociation from the 40S subunit. This dual key lock mechanism requiring RIO1 and RPS26 guarantees the precise timing of pre-40S particle conversion into translation-competent ribosomal subunits.
Bioinspired Structural Composite Hydrogels with a Combination of High Strength, Stiffness, and Toughness
Authors: Ji Donghwan , Nguyen Thanh Loc , Kim Jaeyun
Published: April 2021

In the development of artificial hydrogels, emulating the mechanical properties of biological tissues with a desirable combination of stiffness and toughness is crucial. To achieve such properties, a design principle inspired by a natural structural composite to wet hydrogels is applied. The bioinspired structural composite hydrogel consisting of layered microplatelets and polymer matrix with strong polymer–platelet interactions is fabricated by a facile method, that is, drying‐induced unidirectional shrinkage and rehydration process coupled with secondary ionic crosslinking. The resulting hydrogels exhibit a combination of high tensile strength and elastic modulus (on the order of several MPa) and high fracture energy (up to ≈2 kJ·m−2). The results suggest the potential of the bioinspired approach that is limitedly applied in dry composites for developing mechanically robust composite hydrogels.
Metallic Nanowire Coupled CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Plasmonic Nanolaser
Authors: Xing Di , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Won Phillip , Xiang Rong , Chen Tzu‐Pei , Kamal A. Syazwan A. , Lee Yang‐Chun , Ho Ya‐Lun , Maruyama Shigeo , Ko Seung Hwan , Chen Chun‐Wei , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques
Published: April 2021

Plasmonic nanolasers provide a valuable opportunity for expanding sub‐wavelength applications. Due to the potential of on‐chip integration, semiconductor nanowire (NW)‐based plasmonic nanolasers that support the waveguide mode attract a high level of interest. To date, perovskite quantum dots (QDs) based plasmonic lasers, especially nanolasers that support plasmonic‐waveguide mode, are still a challenge and remain unexplored. Here, metallic NW coupled CsPbBr3 QDs plasmonic‐waveguide lasers are reported. By embedding Ag NWs in QDs film, an evolution from amplified spontaneous emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 6.6 nm to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) supported random lasing is observed. When the pump light is focused on a single Ag NW, a QD‐NW coupled plasmonic‐waveguide laser with a much narrower emission peak (FWHM = 0.4 nm) is realized on a single Ag NW with the uniform polyvinylpyrrolidone layer. The QDs serve as the gain medium while the Ag NW serves as a resonant cavity and propagating plasmonic lasing modes. Furthermore, by pumping two Ag NWs with different directions, a dual‐wavelength lasing switch is realized. The demonstration of metallic NW coupled QDs plasmonic nanolaser would provide an alternative approach for ultrasmall light sources as well as fundamental studies of light matter interactions.
A randomized controlled trial of simulation‐based mastery learning to teach the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma
Authors: Smith Siobhan , Lobo Viveta , Anderson Kenton L. , Gisondi Michael A. , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Duanmu Youyou
Published: April 2021

Background

Mastery learning has gained popularity for training residents in procedural skills due to its demonstrated superiority over traditional methods. However, no studies have compared the efficacy of traditional versus mastery learning methods in residency point‐of‐care ultrasound education. We hypothesized that mastery learning would improve residents’ skills in performing the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (eFAST).

Methods

All first‐year emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians at a single university hospital underwent a crossover randomized controlled trial to receive mastery‐learning eFAST training either at the beginning of the academic year or 6 months into intern year. Participants were taught using a checklist validated by a panel of experts using Mastery Angoff methods and were given feedback on missed tasks until each trainee completed the eFAST with a minimum passing standard (MPS). Our primary outcome was technical proficiency between the two groups for eFAST examinations performed in the emergency department during the academic year.

Results

Sixteen interns were enrolled; eight were randomized to each group. The group that received mastery training at the beginning of the year had mean clinical eFAST proficiency scores above the MPS in the first two quarters of the academic year, while the control group did not. Once the control group underwent eFAST mastery training at the midpoint of the year, both groups had mean proficiency scores above the MPS for the remainder of the year.

Conclusion

Simulation‐based mastery learning is an effective method of teaching the eFAST examination. This training during intern orientation conferred early proficiency in clinical performance of eFAST among EM residents. This difference in proficiency was no longer present after the control group received mastery learning education halfway through the academic year.
FeNi Nanoparticles Coated on N‐doped Ultrathin Graphene‐like Nanosheets as Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chuanxiang , Wu Chao , Gao Yong , Gong Yun , Liu Huiying , He Jianping
Published: April 2021

High‐performance and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts are crucial to energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a novel oxygen electrode catalyst with high oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR) performance is reported based on bimetal FeNi nanoparticles anchored on N‐doped graphene‐like carbon (FeNi/N−C). The complete 2D ultrathin carbon nanosheet is induced by etching and stripping of molten sodium chloride and its ions in the carbonization process at suitable temperature. The obtained FeNi/N−C catalyst exhibits rapid reaction kinetics for OER, efficient four electron transfer for ORR, and outstanding bifunctional performance with reversible oxygen electrode index of 0.87 V for OER/ORR. Zn‐air batteries with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.46 V and a stable discharge voltage of 1.23 V are assembled using liquid electrolytes, zinc sheet as Zn‐electrode and FeNi/N−C coating on carbon cloth as air‐electrode. The specific capacity is as high as 816 mAh g−1 and there is extremely little decay after charge‐discharge cycle time of 275 h for the FeNi/N−C as oxygen electrode catalyst in Zn‐air battery, which are much better than that assembled with Pt/C−RuO2 catalyst.
Racial and ethnic disparities in coronary, vascular, structural, and congenital heart disease
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Klein Andrew J. , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , Alkhouli Mohamad , Katukuri Neelima , Aggarwal Varun , Altin S. Elissa , Batchelor Wayne B. , Blankenship James C. , Fakorede Foluso , Hawkins Beau , Hernandez Gabriel A. , Ijioma Nkechinyere , Keeshan Britton , Li Jun , Ligon R. Allen , Pineda Andres , Sandoval Yader , Young Michael N.
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States. However, percutaneous interventional cardiovascular therapies are often underutilized in Blacks, Hispanics, and women and may contribute to excess morbidity and mortality in these vulnerable populations. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) is committed to reducing racial, ethnic, and sex‐based treatment disparities in interventional cardiology patients. Accordingly, each of the SCAI Clinical Interest Councils (coronary, peripheral, structural, and congenital heart disease [CHD]) participated in the development of this whitepaper addressing disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in underserved populations. The councils were charged with summarizing the available data on prevalence, treatment, and outcomes and elucidating potential reasons for any disparities. Given the huge changes in racial and ethnic composition by age in the United States (Figure 1), it was difficult to determine disparities in rates of diagnosis and we expected to find some racial differences in prevalence of disease. For example, since the average age of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is 80 years, one may expect 80% of TAVR patients to be non‐Hispanic White. Conversely, only 50% of congenital heart interventions would be expected to be performed in non‐Hispanic Whites. Finally, we identified opportunities for SCAI to advance clinical care and equity for our patients, regardless of sex, ethnicity, or race.
Accuracy of parotid gland FNA cytology and reliability of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology in clinical practice
Authors: Reerds Sam T. H. , Van Engen–Van Grunsven Adriana C. H. , van den Hoogen Frank J. A. , Takes Robert P. , Marres Henri A. M. , Honings Jimmie
Published: April 2021

Background

Differentiating between malignant and benign salivary gland tumors with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be challenging. This study was aimed at testing the validity of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) and at assessing possible differences in the sensitivity and specificity of parotid gland FNAC between dedicated head and neck (H&N) centers, subdivided into head and neck oncology centers (HNOCs) and head and neck oncology affiliated centers (HNOACs), and general hospitals (GHs).

Methods

The Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA) database was searched for patients who had undergone a salivary gland resection between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2017, and had a preoperative FNAC result. The FNAC reports were retrospectively assigned to MSRSGC categories. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each category. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignancy were calculated and compared among HNOCs, HNOACs, and GHs.

Results

In all, 12,898 FNAC aspirates were evaluated. The ROMs for each category were as follows: 12.5% in MSRSGC I, 10.3% in MSRSGC II, 29% in MSRSGC III, 2.3% in MSRSGC IVa, 28.6% in MSRSGC IVb, 83% in MSRSGC V, and 99.3% in MSRSGC VI. The sensitivity of FNAC was highest in HNOCs (88.1%), HNOACs scored lower (79.7%), and GHs had a sensitivity of 75.0%.

Conclusions

The MSRSGC is a valid tool for reporting parotid gland FNAC; therefore, these results strongly advocate its use. On the basis of the higher sensitivity of FNAC in dedicated H&N centers, the authors recommend that GHs use the presented management strategies to help to minimize the chances of a preoperative misdiagnosis.
Transport and Assembly of Magnetic Surface Rotors**
Authors: Tierno Pietro , Snezhko Alexey
Published: April 2021

This minireview focuses on recent advances with surface magnetic rotors, namely field‐responsive spherical or anisotropic microparticles that translate close to, or are embedded in a confining surface. The application of external magnetic modulations allows these microscopic wheels to be remotely spun and steered while also tuning their interactions and inducing assembly from a collection of disordered, moving units. With optical microscopy one can observe and characterize the complex collective phenomena that emerge in dissipative colloidal systems driven far from equilibrium by external fields. From a technological point of view, magnetic surface rotors envisage implementation into microfluidic devices, and can be used for drug delivery, mixing as well as a model system for biological active matter.
Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats
Authors: Furman Brian L.
Published: April 2021

Streptozotocin (STZ) is an antibiotic that causes pancreatic islet β‐cell destruction and is widely used experimentally to produce a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Detailed in this article are protocols for producing STZ‐induced insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia in mice and rats. Also described are protocols for creating animal models for type 2 diabetes using STZ. These animals are employed for assessing the pathological consequences of diabetes and for screening potential therapies for the treatment of this condition. © 2021 The Authors.
Herbage accumulation and tillering dynamics of ‘Zuri’ guineagrass under rotational stocking
Authors: Barbosa Patricia L. , Silva Valdson J. , Pedreira Carlos G. S. , Sbrissia André F. , Sollenberger Lynn E.
Published: April 2021

Understanding the effects of grazing management on tillering dynamics of forage grasses may help identify management practices that optimize pasture production, stability, and ultimately, persistence. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of two grazing frequencies (regrowth interrupted when the canopy was 70 cm tall or at 95% canopy light interception [LI]) and two grazing intensities (reduction of 29 [lenient] or 57% [standard] of initial canopy height) in ‘BRS Zuri’ guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S. W. L Jacobs (syn. Panicum maximum Jacq.)], under rotational stocking and on herbage accumulation rate (HAR), tiller appearance rate, tiller mortality, tiller survival rate, tiller stability index (SI), tiller population density (TPD), tiller mass (TM), apical meristem height, and tiller half‐life during two summer rainy seasons in Piracicaba, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The HAR was not affected by treatments in the first year, averaging 100 kg dry matter ha−1 d−1, but was greater under lenient than standard grazing (146 and 81 kg dry matter ha−1 d−1, respectively) in the second year. In both years, there were no treatment effects on TPD and TM. The use of 95% LI associated with standard defoliation increased the variability in SI. Great tiller population renewal indicated by short tiller half‐life, varying from 31 to 75 d, classifies Zuri as an exploitative cultivar. Zuri guineagrass maintained tiller SI under the grazing treatments imposed but had greater HAR under lenient grazing.
Drop‐casted Platinum Nanocube Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Ultrahigh Mass Activity
Authors: Koo Bonhyeong , Chu Jinwoo , Seo Jongsu , Jung Gihun , Baek Seung Hee , Nam Sung‐Wook , Duah Calem , Lee Young Kuk , Jung WooChul , Shin Byungha
Published: April 2021

Platinum hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts in the form of nanocubes (NCs) were synthesized at 50 °C by aqueous‐based colloidal synthesis and were applied to electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems by a fast and simple drop‐casting method. A remarkable Pt mass activity of 1.77 A mg−1 at −100 mV was achieved in EC systems (fluorine‐doped tin oxide/Pt NC cathode) with neutral electrolyte while maintaining low overpotential and Tafel slope. In the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS)‐based PEC system, a carefully chosen amount of Pt NC loading to achieve a compromise between the catalytic activity (more Pt NCs) and better light transmittance (fewer Pt NCs) led to a maximum onset potential of 0.678 V against the reference hydrogen electrode. The photoelectrodes with Pt NCs also exhibited good long‐term operational stability over 9.5 h with negligible degradation of the photocurrent. This study presents an effective strategy to greatly reduce the use of expensive Pt without compromising the catalytic performance because the drop‐casting of Pt NC solutions to form electrocatalysts is expected to waste less raw material than vacuum deposition.
Ligand‐Promoted Cooperative Electrochemical Oxidation of Bio‐Alcohol on Distorted Cobalt Hydroxides for Bio‐Hydrogen Extraction
Authors: Deng Chen , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Lu Xinxin , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard D. , Chiang Chao‐Lung , Lin Yu‐Chang , Lin Yan‐Gu , Yan Wensheng , Scott Jason , Amal Rose , Wang Da‐Wei
Published: April 2021

Hydrogen is increasingly viewed as a game‐changer in the clean energy sector. Renewable hydrogen production from water is industrialized by integrating water electrolysis and renewable electricity, but the current cost of water‐born hydrogen remains high though. An ideal scenario would be to produce value‐added chemicals along with hydrogen so the cost can be partially offset. Herein, facilitated bio‐hydrogen extraction and biomass‐derived chemical formation from sugar‐derived 5‐hydroxymethyfurfural (HMF) were achieved via the in‐situ transformation of cobalt‐bound electrocatalysts. The cyanide‐bound cobalt hydroxide exhibited a low voltage at 1.55 V at 10 mA cm−2 for bio‐hydrogen production, compared with an iridium catalyst (1.75 V). The interaction between the biomass intermediate and the cyanide ligand is suggested to be responsible for the improved activity.
Understanding the Effects of Anion Interactions with Ag Electrodes on Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Choline Halide Electrolytes
Authors: Garg Sahil , Li Mengran , Wu Yuming , Nazmi Idros Mohamed , Wang Hongmin , Yago Anya Josefa , Ge Lei , Wang Geoff G. X. , Rufford Thomas E.
Published: April 2021

Interactions of electrolyte ions at electrocatalyst surfaces influence the selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) to chemical feedstocks like CO. We investigated the effects of anion type in aqueous choline halide solutions (ChCl, ChBr, and ChI) on the selectivity of CO2R to CO over an Ag foil cathode. Using an H‐type cell, we observed that halide‐specific adsorption at the Ag surface limits CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) at potentials more positive than −1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). At these conditions, FECO increased from I−<Br−<Cl−, that is, in the opposite order to the strength of specific adsorption of the halide ions (Cl−<Br−<I−). At potentials of −1.0 to −1.3 V vs. RHE, restructuring of the Ag surface in ChI and ChCl via dissolution and re‐electrodeposition led to more CO‐selective Ag facets ([220], [311], and [222]) than in ChBr. This mechanism allowed very high faradaic efficiencies for CO of 97±2 % in ChI and 94±2 % in ChCl to be achieved simultaneously with high current densities at −1.3 V vs. RHE. We also demonstrate that high selectivity to CO (FECO>90 %) in ChCl (at −0.75±0.06 Vvs. RHE) and ChI (at −0.78±0.17 V vs. RHE) could be achieved at a current density of 150 mA cm−2 in a continuous flow‐cell electrolyser with Ag nanoparticles on a commercial gas diffusion electrode. This study provides new insights to understand the interactions of anions with catalysts and offers a new method to modify electrocatalyst surfaces.
Standardized gene and genetic nomenclature for the newt Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Yun Maximina H. , Hayashi Toshinori , Simon Andras
Published: April 2021

Key Findings

We support the adoption of the axolotl nomenclature guidelines proposed by Nowoshilow et al by the P. waltl community.
Neck and shoulder pain in adolescents seldom occur alone: Results from the Norwegian Ungdata Survey
Authors: Jahre Henriette , Grotle Margreth , Smedbråten Kaja , Richardsen Kåre Rønn , Bakken Anders , Øiestad Britt Elin
Published: April 2021

Background

No previous studies have investigated the prevalence of co‐occurring neck/shoulder pain, other musculoskeletal pain, headache and depressive symptoms in adolescents. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of isolated neck/shoulder pain and the co‐occurrence of neck/shoulder pain with other musculoskeletal pain, headache and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study using data from the Norwegian Ungdata survey (2017–2019). Adolescents from almost all municipalities in Norway answered a comprehensive questionnaire, including physical complaints. We investigated the prevalence of self‐reported neck/shoulder pain in isolation and neck/shoulder pain in combination with other musculoskeletal pain, headache and depressive symptoms. The results were presented with per cent and stratified by school level and sex.

Results

In total, 253,968 adolescents (50% girls) participated in the study, of which 56.5% were from lower secondary school. The total prevalence of neck/shoulder pain was 24%, but only 5% reported isolated neck/shoulder pain. Among students reporting neck/shoulder pain, half of them also reported other musculoskeletal pain, and 50% of the boys and 70% of the girls reported co‐occurring headache. Depressive symptoms were reported in 28% of the boys and 45% of the girls with neck/shoulder pain.

Conclusion

Neck/shoulder pain in adolescents is seldom isolated, but seems to co‐occur with headache, other musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms. Researchers and clinicians should keep a broader health perspective in mind when approaching adolescents with neck/shoulder pain.

Significance

One in five adolescents reported neck/shoulder pain in this large population‐based study of Norwegian adolescents. A majority of adolescents reported neck/shoulder pain in co‐occurrence with other musculoskeletal pain, headache and depression. Researchers and clinicians should assess these comorbidities when assessing adolescents with neck/shoulder pain.
Photoelectric Current Enhancement via Millimeter‐Scale Bioelectrochemical Cell Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles‐Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes
Authors: Cevik Emre , Hassan Muhammad , Gondal Mohammed Ashraf
Published: April 2021

Herein, photocurrent generating a millimeter‐scale bioelectrochemical cell (mBEC) is fabricated using a thylakoid membrane (TM) on a screen‐printed electrode (SPE). The mBEC is used to generate a direct and mediated photocurrent without using a selective membrane. The mediated photocurrent generation is tested with iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated on the SPE surface and the water soluble mediators potassium hexacyanoferrate (FCN) and p‐Benzoquinone (BQ). The SPE/TM system produces a 4.35 μA cm−2 photocurrent without using a mediator obtained by direct electron transfer (DET). A significant enhancement reaches the current generation when an efficient amount of mediator is used in the system. The SPE/NP/BQ/TM system produces a 55 μA cm−2 photocurrent with an incorporation among TM, NP, and BQ. The performance of the mBECs is tested by taking the measurements from series and parallel connected cells. An enhanced photocurrent generation of 178 μA cm−2 is attained when the four cells are connected in series. Also, a higher light conversion rate is achieved by the parallel connected two cells. In addition, the maximum current density of mBEC obtained from the SPE/NP/BQ/TM cell at a pseudo‐steady state is 180 mA m−2 at a power density of 40 mWm−2.