bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Rapid Onsite Evaluation on the Adequacy Rate of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , Witt Benjamin L. , Lopez-Calderon Leslie E. , Layfield Lester J.
Published: February 2013

Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) has the potential to improve the adequacy rates of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Studies have obtained variable results on the influence of ROSE. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the influence of ROSE on FNA adequacy. We synthesized evidence across all anatomic locations. We only included studies that contained a control arm and compared cohorts with ROSE against cohorts without ROSE at a single location. We screened 2,179 studies and identified 25 studies that met our inclusion criteria. On average, ROSE improves the adequacy rate by 12%, but there was considerable variability across studies. The adequacy rate with ROSE depends on the non-ROSE adequacy rate. Sixty-five percent of the variability in the adequacy rate with ROSE was found to occur because of differences in the adequacy rate without ROSE. Studies with high non-ROSE adequacy rates showed low improvement after ROSE was implemented. Studies must account for the effect of the non-ROSE adequacy rate to determine the effect of ROSE on FNA adequacy rates.
Discovery of pluripotency-associated microRNAs in rabbit preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem-like cells
Authors: Maraghechi Pouneh , Hiripi László , Tóth Gábor , Bontovics Babett , Bősze Zsuzsanna , Gócza Elen
Published: February 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple biological processes. Increasing experimental evidence implies an important regulatory role of miRNAs during embryonic development and in embryonic stem (ES) cell biology. In the current study, we have described and analyzed the expression profile of pluripotency-associated miRNAs in rabbit embryos and ES-like cells. The rabbit specific ocu-miR-302 and ocu-miR-290 clusters, and three homologs of the human C19MC cluster (ocu-miR-512, ocu-miR-520e, and ocu-miR-498) were identified in rabbit preimplantation embryos and ES-like cells. The ocu-miR-302 cluster was highly similar to its human homolog, while ocu-miR-290 revealed a low level of evolutionary conservation with its mouse homologous cluster. The expression of the ocu-miR-302 cluster began at the 3.5 days post-coitum early blastocyst stage and they stayed highly expressed in rabbit ES-like cells. In contrast, a high expression level of the ocu-miR-290 cluster was detected during preimplantation embryonic development, but a low level of expression was found in rabbit ES-like cells. Differential expression of the ocu-miR-302 cluster and ocu-miR-512 miRNA was detected in rabbit trophoblast and embryoblast. We also found thatLeftyhas two potential target sites in its 3′UTR for ocu-miR-302a and its expression level increased upon ocu-miR-302a inhibition. We suggest that the expression of the ocu-miR-302 cluster is characteristic of the rabbit ES-like cell, while the ocu-miR-290 cluster may play a crucial role during early embryonic development. This study presents the first identification, to our knowledge, of pluripotency-associated miRNAs in rabbit preimplantation embryos and ES-like cells, which can open up new avenues to investigate the regulatory function of ocu-miRNAs in embryonic development and stem cell biology.
Briefing: Sustainability assessment of super-insulated timber windows
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Muneer Tariq
Published: February 2013

In the wake of ever-increasing energy and environmental challenges, sustainable development has become one of the core issues in the world. The construction industry is responsible for over 40% of global energy consumption and around one-third of greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore has an important role to play in achieving sustainable development. Windows are among the most sensitive elements in a building in terms of their thermal performance. This paper presents the findings from an energy, environmental and economic analysis of a super-insulated timber window in comparison with a typical ‘Part L’ (English and Welsh Building Regulations) timber window and a ‘Section 6’ (Scottish Building Standards) timber window with U-values of 0·7 W/m2K, 2 W/m2K and 1·8 W/m2K, respectively.
Challenging the FDA Black Box Warning for High Aspirin Dose With Ticagrelor in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: DiNicolantonio James J. , Serebruany Victor L.
Published: February 2013

Ticagrelor, a novel reversible antiplatelet agent, has a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) black box warning to avoid maintenance doses of aspirin (ASA) >100 mg/daily. This restriction is based on the hypothesis that ASA doses >100 mg somehow decreased ticagrelor’s benefit in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) U.S. cohort. However, these data are highly postrandomized, come from a very small subgroup in PLATO (57% of patients in the U.S. site), and make no biological sense. Moreover, the ticagrelor-ASA interaction was not significant by any multivariate Cox regression analyses. The Complete Response Review for ticagrelor indicates that for U.S. PLATO patients, an ASA dose >300 mg was not a significant interaction for vascular outcomes. In the ticagrelor-ASA >300 mg cohort, all-cause and vascular mortality were not significantly increased (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27 [95% CI 0.84–1.93], P = 0.262 and 1.39 [0.87–2.2], P = 0.170), respectively. Furthermore, for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), 30-day all-cause mortality, and 30-day vascular mortality, the strongest interaction is the diabetes-ASA interaction. That is, patients who had diabetes had significantly fewer MACEs through study end (0.49 [0.34–0.63], P < 0.0001), significantly less 30-day all-cause mortality (0.33 [0.20–0.56], P < 0.0001), and significantly less 30-day vascular mortality (0.35 [0.22–0.55], P < 0.0001), respectively, when given high-dose (300–325 mg) ASA, regardless of treatment (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) assignment. The black box warning for the use of maintenance ASA doses >100 mg with ticagrelor is inappropriate for patients with diabetes and not evidence based.
The role of the central nervous system in glucose homeostasis
Authors: Muntean Cristina , Mota Maria , Popa Simona , Mitrea Adina
Published: February 2013

Central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus and the brainstem are importantkeys in glucose homeostasis. Not only do they use glucose as primary fuel for theirfunctioning but they are part of intricate neuronal circuits involved in glucose uptakeand production as was first shown by Claude Bernard. Moreoverelectrophysiological analysis of hypothalamus revealed the existence of glucosensingneurons whose firing rates are controlled by glucose extracellular level. Furtherinformation was obtained regarding the importance of leptin, insulin and free fattyacids as afferent signals received by these neural structures. As for the main efferentpathways, autonomic system is the one connecting CNS with the effector organs (theliver, the pancreas and the adrenal glands).
Prevalence and risk of appearence of skin lesions considered to be cutaneous markers of diabetes in a population group in bihor county
Authors: Kovacs Denisa , Demian Luiza , Babeş Aurel
Published: February 2013

Objectives: The aim of the study was to calculate the prevalence rates and risk ofappearance of cutaneous lesions in diabetic patients with both type-1 and type-2diabetes. Material and Method: 384 patients were analysed, of which 47 had type-1diabetes (T1DM), 140 had type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and 197 were non-diabeticcontrols. Results: The prevalence of the skin lesions considered markers of diabeteswas 57.75% in diabetics, in comparison to 8.12% in non-diabetics (p<0.01). The riskof skin lesion appearance is over 7 times higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetics.In type-1 diabetes the prevalence of skin lesions was significantly higherthan in type-2 diabetes, and the risk of skin lesion appearance is almost 1.5 timeshigher in type-1 diabetes than type-2 diabetes compared to non-diabetic controls.Conclusions: The diabetic patients are more susceptible than non-diabetics todevelop specific skin diseases. Patients with type-1 diabetes are more affected.
Chronic complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children
Authors: Cobuz Maricela , Cobuz Claudiu
Published: February 2013

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of chronic complications and identify thepredicting factors that may be used for their early detection. Material and Method: The research group included 144 T1DM children with disease duration > 5 years ordisease onset during puberty. Complication screening included: full ophthalmologicexamination, UAE level determination, diabetic neuropathy assessment. Results: Retinopathy prevalence was 12.5 %. Factors associated with retinopathy were:hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia. Microalbuminuria wasdetected in 23 patients (15.97%) and correlated with HbA1c or insulin therapyregimen. Diabetic neuropathy prevalence (45.8%) was studied in relation to UAE.Peripheral somatic neuropathy was significantly correlated with the diabeticnephropathy stage. Autonomic neuropathy was detected only in 13.8% patients, yetits prevalence increased with the increase in UAE. Conclusions: Chronic diabeticcomplications are relatively less frequent as compared to adults, yet their evolutionis distinct due to the age-specific characteristics.
Including Students With Disabilities and English Learners in Measures of Educator Effectiveness
Authors: Jones Nathan D. , Buzick Heather M. , Turkan Sultan
Published: February 2013

The purpose of this essay is to provide an overview of the challenges of accounting for students with disabilities (SWDs) and English learners (ELs) in the evaluation of mainstream teachers. We focus on the two prominent indicators of teaching quality—classroom observations and value-added scores. We begin by describing each indicator and outlining the specific challenges related to the inclusion of SWDs and ELs in mainstream teacher evaluation. We then suggest recommendations for states and districts to ensure that teacher evaluation systems adequately and fairly account for these students. Finally, we provide researchers with a set of recommendations for improving the evidence base surrounding the validity of teacher evaluation measures with regard to SWDs and ELs.
PG-2, a Potent AMP against Pathogenic Microbial Strains, from Potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Gogu Valley) Tubers Not Cytotoxic against Human Cells
Authors: Kim Jin-Young , Gopal Ramamourthy , Kim Sang , Seo Chang , Lee Hyang , Cheong Hyeonsook , Park Yoonkyung
Published: February 2013

In an earlier study, we isolated potamin-1 (PT-1), a 5.6-kDa trypsin-chymotrypsin protease inhibitor, from the tubers of a potato strain (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Gogu Valley). We established that PT-1 strongly inhibits pathogenic microbial strains, but not human bacterial strains, and that its sequence shows 62% homology with a serine protease inhibitor. In the present study, we isolated an antifungal and antibacterial peptide with no cytotoxicity from tubers of the same potato strain. The peptide (peptide-G2, PG-2) was isolated using salt-extraction, ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) showed the protein to have a molecular mass of 3228.5 Da, while automated Edman degradation showed the N-terminal sequence of PG-2 to be LVKDNPLDISPKQVQALCTDLVIRCMCCC-. PG-2 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, a human pathogenic yeast strain, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, a plant late blight strain. PG-2 also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but did not lyse human red blood cells and was thermostable. Overall, these results suggest PG-2 may be a good candidate to serve as a natural antimicrobial agent, agricultural pesticide and/or food additive.
Shiga Toxin 1, as DNA Repair Inhibitor, Synergistically Potentiates the Activity of the Anticancer Drug, Mafosfamide, on Raji Cells
Authors: Brigotti Maurizio , Arfilli Valentina , Carnicelli Domenica , Rocchi Laura , Calcabrini Cinzia , Ricci Francesca , Pagliaro Pasqualepaolo , Tazzari Pier , Alfieri Roberta , Petronini Pier , Sestili Piero
Published: February 2013

Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1), produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli, targets a restricted subset of human cells, which possess the receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer/CD77), causing hemolytic uremic syndrome. In spite of the high toxicity, Stx1 has been proposed in the treatment of Gb3Cer/CD77-expressing lymphoma. Here, we demonstrate in a Burkitt lymphoma cell model expressing this receptor, namely Raji cells, that Stx1, at quasi-non-toxic concentrations (0.05–0.1 pM), inhibits the repair of mafosfamide-induced DNA alkylating lesions, synergistically potentiating the cytotoxic activity of the anticancer drug. Conversely, human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, which do not express Gb3Cer/CD77, were spared by the toxin as previously demonstrated for CD34+ human progenitor cells, and hence, in this cancer model, no additive nor synergistic effects were observed with the combined Stx1/mafosfamide treatment. Our findings suggest that Stx1 could be used to improve the mafosfamide-mediated purging of Gb3Cer/CD77+ tumor cells before autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Variation in the strength of association among pollination systems and floral traits: Evolutionary changes in the floral traits of Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Sakai Shoko , Kawakita Atsushi , Ooi Kazuyuki , Inoue Tamiji
Published: February 2013

• Premise of the study: Diversification of floral traits in angiosperms is often attributed to have been driven by adaptations to pollinators. Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies on the relationships among evolutionary changes in floral traits and pollination systems are still limited. We examined the relationships between floral trait changes and pollinator shifts in Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae). These plants have strongly zygomorphic flowers pollinated by spiderhunter birds, bees of the genus Amegilla, and halictid bees.

• Methods: We identified pollination systems through field observations and recorded petal color, quantity of floral rewards, and seven measures of flower morphology in 28 ginger species. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from nucleotide sequences of the matK and ITS regions. We examined the correlations between the evolution of pollination systems and floral traits using phylogenetically independent contrasts.

• Key Results: Significant association was found between pink color and spiderhunter pollination, orange and Amegilla pollination, and yellow and white and halictid pollination. Sugar production was higher in spiderhunter‐pollinated species and lower in halictid‐pollinated. Meanwhile, there was a significant association only for a subset of the floral morphological characters measured. Floral tube length, which is often thought to evolve to match the lengths of pollinator probing apparatuses, did not show any correlation.

• Conclusions: There is considerable variation in the strength of association among pollination systems and floral traits. Lack of significant correlation in some traits could partly be explained by floral functions other than pollination, such as adaptations to prevent herbivore damage to the ovules. Further studies on these factors may improve understanding of plant–pollinator interactions.
The Challenges of Inclusivity in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs
Authors: Read Catherine Y. , Vessey Judith A. , Amar Angela Frederick , Cullinan Donna M.
Published: February 2013

Nurse educators must meet the challenge of preparing a new generation of nurse leaders who can address the health care needs of an increasingly multicultural society. Institutional culture change that promotes inclusivity develops in response to an intentional embracement of diversity and is key to the success of any program initiatives. Providing resources for students can backfire if they experience the negative consequences of labeling, if incentives are distributed without thoughtful consideration of the related expectations, and if the advising system focuses on prescriptive, rather than developmental, principles. A deficit-thinking perspective that brands a student as
at risk
can undermine the goal of providing support. Faculty must engage in open discussions about labels, underlying assumptions about student aptitudes, and strategies for ensuring student success. Most importantly, faculty must actively solicit and seriously consider the students’ accounts of their experiences and perspectives on changes that would make the climate more welcoming. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(4):185–190.]
Neural Predictive Controller Based Diesel Injection Management System for Emission Minimisation
Authors: Arunaa C. N. , Devasenapati S. Babu , Ramachandran K. I. , Vishnuprasad K. , Surendra C.
Published: February 2013

Rapid growth in production of automobiles has increased emissions. Automotive control engineers use innovative control techniques to meet the upcoming emission standards. This paper proposes a novel method of employing artificial neural network (ANN) based predictive controller design. The controller predicts the injection duration based on the inputs from various sensors. The results are then evaluated over a simulated engine model developed in AMESim (Advanced Modelling Environment for Simulation), which ensures a green design process with almost negligible carbon foot print. The results obtained are encouraging and promotes the use of neural predictive control. Implementation of the controller will lead to emission reduction.
Sensors for Smart Homes
Authors: Gaddam Anuroop , Sen Gupta G. , Mukhopadhyay S. C.
Published: February 2013

Sensors are increasingly being employed to determine different activities of a person living at home. Numerous sensors can be used to obtain a variety of information. While many sensors may be used to make a system, it is important to look into the availability, cost, installation, mechanism, and performance of sensors. This chapter investigates different sensors and their usefulness in a smart home monitoring system. A smart home monitoring system provides a safe, sound, and secure living environment for elderly people. Statistics show that the population of elderly people is increasing around the world and this trend is not going to change in the near future. The authors have developed a smart home that consists of an optimum number of wireless sensors that includes current flow, water flow, and bed usage sensors. The sensors provide information that can be used for monitoring elderly people by detecting abnormal patterns in their daily activities. The system generates and sends an early warning message to the caregiver when an unforeseen abnormal condition occurs.
Rio+20: sustainable injustice in a time of crises
Authors: Adelman Sam
Published: February 2013

This article argues that Rio+20 failed because it replicated the failings of sustainable development in the form of green economy. Against a backdrop of discrete but overlapping crises, including the global economic crisis, climate change and a growing crisis of food insecurity, the final text seemed oblivious to the slow wearing out of neoliberalism, dogmatically insisting on the panacea of market-based solutions to climate change and environmental destruction.1 As such, the text symbolizes the epistemological crisis of technoscientific Eurocentric rationality. Using Walter Mignolo's concept of coloniality and Boaventura de Sousa Santos's call for the cultivation of an ecology of knowledges, this article examines the transformative potential of subaltern forms of jurisprudence, such as the People's Agreement on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. It argues that a significant epistemological shift is required to enable humanity to confront the injustices perpetuated by the vision embodied in the Rio+20 final document.
Compliance to Therapy with Dapoxetine in Patients Affected by Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Pavone Carlo , Gesolfo Cristina Scalici , Abbadessa Daniela , Scaduto Giovanna , Caruana Giovanni , Siracusa Giuseppe , Gambino Giuseppa , Marguglio Vincenzo
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a sexual dysfunction with high prevalence. According to some reports, it is present in about 20-30% of the male population. Since 2009 PE has been treated with a novel inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake, Dapoxetine, which has been reported to be specifically active for PE.

Materials and Methods

59 patients have been selected among the patients affected by PE observed at the outpatient department of Urology and Andrology of the “Paolo Giaccone” University Policlinic Hospital of Palermo. Diagnosis was confirmed unequivocally in all patients, who were suitable for drug treatment and accepted to participate in the study. They were divided in 2 groups: one receiving Dapoxetine (41 patients), another (18 patients) receiving Citalopram. Patients were followed up by telephone at monthly intervals, in order to compare compliance, efficacy and side effects.

Results

Compliance to treatment was obtained in 56% of patients treated with Dapoxetine and in 61% of those treated with Citalopram. In the Dapoxetine group side effects were reported in 14.6% versus 38.4% in the Citalopram group. Benefit from the treatment was reported in 82% and 69.2%, respectively.
Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterization of Three Lanthanide Thioantimonates(V) with Mixed Ethylene Polyamines
Authors: Zhou Jian , Liu Xing , Hu Feilong
Published: February 2013

Three new lanthanide thioantimonates(V) [Ln(en)(teta)(SbS4)] {Ln=Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3); en=ethylenediamine; teta=triethylenetetramine} have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Compounds 1 - 3 are isostructural. The [SbS4]3- anion acting as bichelating ligand is bound to the [Ln(en)(teta)]3+ ion, resulting in a neutral complex [Ln(en)(teta)(SbS4)]. The central Ln3+ ion lies within an eight-coordinate environment forming a distorted bicapped trigonal prism LnN6S2. Although a few lanthanide thioantimonates have been reported to date, they only contain one type of ethylene polyamine. Compounds 1 - 3 are rare examples of lanthanide thioantimonates with mixed ethylene polyamine ligands. The absorption edges of 1:75 eV for 1 and 2:27 eV for 3 have been derived from optical absorption spectra.
A Zinc(II)-Silver(I) Bimetallic Coordination Polymer Assembled Through Argentophilic and π-π Interactions, f[Zn(phen)2(H2O) {Ag(CN)2g][Ag(CN)2]·MeOH}n (phen=1,10-Phenanthroline)
Authors: Monim-ul-Mehbooba Muhammad , Ramzan Muhammad , Rüffe Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Naddem Shafqat , Ahmad Saeed
Published: February 2013

A cyanido-bridged Zn(II)-Ag(I) bimetallic coordination polymer, {[Zn(phen)2(H2O){Ag(CN)2}] [Ag(CN)2]·MeOH}n (1), was prepared using ZnCl2, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and K[Ag(CN)2] and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of 1 consists of dinuclear [Zn(phen)2(H2O){Ag(CN)2}]+ cations, [Ag(CN)2]- anions and a methanol molecule. The non-coordinated [Ag(CN)2]- anions are linked to the [Zn(phen)2(H2O){Ag(CN)2}]+ complex cations through argentophilic interactions leading to the formation of chains. The chains are connected by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions to give a 3D network.
Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with an N- and O-Donor Ligand: Structural Characterization, Jahn-Teller Effect and Fluorescence
Authors: Kuai Hai-Wei , Cheng Xiao-Chun , Zhu Xiao-Hong
Published: February 2013

Cu(II) and Zn(II) salts react with 5-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)isophthalic acid (H2L) under hydrothermal conditions to yield two new complexes [Cu(L)(DMF)(H2O)] (1) and [Zn(L)] (2) [DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide], which have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. As a result, 1 shows a chain structure, further linked together by hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions to give rise to a 3D supramolecular framework. Complex 2 is a binodal (3,6)-connected 2D kgd network with (43)2(46.66.83) topology. The influential factors of synthetic strategies on coordination modes of the ligand and structures of the resulting complexes are embodied in the study. Significantly, 1 has structural features consistent with the Jahn-Teller effect. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties of 2 were preliminarily investigated.
El lugar de María Intercesora en las imágenes de la Escala de Salvación. Interpretación iconográfica de sus aspectos formales.
Authors: Mocholí Martínez Mª Elvira
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: Iconographic studies often overlook the formal questions of an image, which nevertheless can be essential to interpret the continuity of an iconographic type. This is the case of the Scala Salutis, in which Christ and His Mother intercede with God on behalf of humanity. Mary’s place in these works depends on the varying manners in which she was regarded between the end of the Middle Ages and the 16th century, when this iconographic type reached its highest level of development. And it will be precisely her physical position in the images, along with other significant elements, that determines the given type. KEY WORDS: Mary Intercessor, Scala Salutis, History of Iconographic Types.   RESUMEN: A menudo, los estudios iconográficos pasan por alto las cuestiones formales de la imagen, que sin embargo pueden ser fundamentales para interpretar la continuidad de un tipo iconográfico. Es el caso de la Scala Salutis, en el que Cristo y su Madre interceden ante Dios a favor de la humanidad. El lugar de María en estas obras depende de su variable consideración entre finales de la Edad Media y el siglo XVI, cuando este tipo iconográfico llega a su mayor grado de desarrollo. Y será precisamente su posición física en las imágenes, junto a otros elementos significantes, la que determine dicho tipo. PALABRAS CLAVES: María intercesora, Scala Salutis, Historia de los tipos iconográficos.
Los emblemas de las Biblias del Oso y del Cántaro. Hipótesis interpretativa
Authors: Alonso Rey María Dolores
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: The first Bible translated completely into Spanish, by Casiodoro de Reina, was published in Basel in 1569. It is known as The Bible of the Bear in reference to the emblem featured on its title-page. The interpretation of this emblem has been largely unsatisfactory. This study proposes a new interpretative hypothesis based on the comparison of the emblems in the first two Protestant Spanish Bibles: The Bible of the Bear and The Bible of the Pitcher. The latter work is a revision of the Reina Bible published by Valera in 1602. The emblems in both Bibles have in common iconic elements, a compositive structure, Biblical quotations and meanings. KEYWORDS:  Protestant Spanish bibles, Emblematics, Tree, Mallet, Honey.  RESUMEN: En  1569  se publicó en Basilea la primera biblia traducida integralmente en español por Casiodoro de Reina. Se conoce con el nombre de La Biblia del Oso por el emblema que la orna. Este emblema ha sido interpretado de manera poco satisfactoria. Proponemos una nueva hipótesis interpretativa apoyándonos en la emblemática y analizando conjuntamente los emblemas de las dos primeras biblias protestantes españolas: La Biblia del Oso y La Biblia del Cántaro. Esta última es la revisión de la biblia de Reina realizada por Valera en 1602. Los emblemas de ambas biblias tienen en común elementos icónicos, estructura compositiva, cita bíblica y  significados. PALABRAS CLAVES:   Biblias protestantes españolas, emblemática, árbol, mazo, miel.
Sustainable design and synthesis of algae‐based biorefinery for simultaneous hydrocarbon biofuel production and carbon sequestration
Authors: Gebreslassie Berhane H. , Waymire Randall , You Fengqi
Published: February 2013

The superstructure optimization of algae‐based hydrocarbon biorefinery with sequestration of CO2 from power plant flue gas is proposed. The major processing steps include carbon capture, algae growth, dewatering, lipid extraction and power generation, and algal biorefinery. We propose a multiobjective mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model that simultaneously maximizes the net present value (NPV) and minimizes the global warming potential (GWP) subject to technology selection constraints, mass balance constraints, energy balance constraints, technoeconomic analysis constraints, and environmental impact constraints. The model simultaneously determines the optimal decisions that include production capacity, size of each processing unit, mass flow rates at each stage of the process, utility consumption, economic, and environmental performances. We propose a two‐stage heuristic solution algorithm to solve the nonconvex MINLP model. Finally, the bicriteria optimization problem is solved with ε‐constraint method, and the resulting Pareto‐optimal curve reveals the trade‐off between the economic and environmental criteria. The results show that for maximum NPV, the optimal process design uses direct flue gas, a tubular photobioreactor for algae growth, a filtration dewatering unit, and a hydroprocessing pathway leading to 47.1 MM gallons of green diesel production per year at $6.33/gal corresponding to GWP of 108.7 kg CO2‐eq per gallon. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1599–1621, 2013
Biocatalytic Methods for CC Bond Formation
Authors: Fesko Kateryna , Gruber‐Khadjawi Mandana
Published: February 2013

Carbon‐carbon bond formation is among the most challenging transformations in the organic synthetic chemistry. Enzymes capable to perform this reaction are of great interest. The enzymes for stereoselective CC bond formations have been investigated very intensively during the last two decades. New recombinant DNA technologies have paved the way for improved catalysts and broaden the application scope of the already known enzymes and reactions. On the other side new discoveries have brought more enzyme players in the arena of CC bond formation reactions. Novel enzymatic CC bond formation reactions have been applied, implying the most important benefit of biocatalysis, namely the high selectivity.
On the Design of Zinc‐Finger Models with Cyclic Peptides Bearing a Linear Tail
Authors: Jacques Aurélie , Mettra Bastien , Lebrun Vincent , Latour Jean‐Marc , Sénèque Olivier
Published: February 2013

Cyclic peptides with a linear tail (CPLT) have been successfully used to model two zinc fingers (ZFs) adopting the treble‐clef‐ and loosened zinc‐ribbon folds. In this article, we examine the factors that may influence the design of such ZF models: mutations in the sequence, size of the cycle, and size of the tail. For this purpose, several peptides derived from the CPLT‐based models of the treble‐clef‐ and loosened zinc‐ribbon ZF were synthesized and studied. CPLT‐based models appear to be robust toward mutations, accommodate various cycle sizes, and are sensible to the size of the linking region of the tail located between the cycle and the coordinating amino acids. Based on these criteria, we describe the design of a new CPLT‐based model for the zinc‐ribbon ZFs, LZR, and compare it to a linear analogue, LZRlin. The model complex Zn⋅LZR is able to fold correctly around the metal ion contrary to Zn⋅LZRlin, suggesting that CPLT‐based models are more likely to yield structurally meaningful models of ZF sites than linear peptide models. Finally, we draw some rules that could allow the design of new CPLT‐based metallopeptides with a controlled fold.
Crystal Structures of a Bioactive 6′‐Hydroxy Variant of Sisomicin Bound to the Bacterial and Protozoal Ribosomal Decoding Sites
Authors: Kondo Jiro , Koganei Mai , Maianti Juan Pablo , Ly Vu Linh , Hanessian Stephen
Published: February 2013

Parasitic infections recognized as neglected tropical diseases are a source of concern for several regions of the world. Aminoglycosides are potent antimicrobial agents that have been extensively studied by biochemical and structural studies in prokaryotes. However, the molecular mechanism of their potential antiprotozoal activity is less well understood. In the present study, we have examined the in vitro inhibitory activities of some aminoglycosides with a 6′‐hydroxy group on ring I and highlight that one of them, 6′‐hydroxysisomicin, exhibits promising activity against a broad range of protozoan parasites. Furthermore, we have conducted X‐ray analyses of 6′‐hydroxysisomicin bound to the target ribosomal RNA A‐sites in order to understand the mechanisms of both its antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities at the molecular level. The unsaturated ring I of 6′‐hydroxysisomicin can directly stack on G1491, which is highly conserved in bacterial and protozoal species, through π–π interaction and fits closer to the guanidine base than the typically saturated and hydroxylated ring I of other structurally related aminoglycosides. Consequently, the compound adopts a lower energy conformation within the bacterial and protozoal A‐sites and makes pseudo pairs to either A or G at position 1408. The A‐site‐selective binding mode strongly suggests that 6′‐hydroxysisomicin is a potential lead for the design of next‐generation aminoglycosides targeting a wide variety of infectious diseases.
Induction mortality and resource utilization in children treated for acute myeloid leukemia at free‐standing pediatric hospitals in the United States
Authors: Kavcic Marko , Fisher Brian T. , Li Yimei , Seif Alix E. , Torp Kari , Walker Dana M. , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Lee Grace E. , Tasian Sarah K. , Vujkovic Marijana , Bagatell Rochelle , Aplenc Richard
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:

Clinical trials in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) determine induction regimen standards. However, these studies lack the data necessary to evaluate mortality trends over time and differences in resource utilization between induction regimens. Moreover, these trials likely underreport the clinical toxicities experienced by patients.

METHODS:

The Pediatric Health Information System database was used to identify children treated for presumed de novo AML between 1999 and 2010. Induction mortality, risk factors for induction mortality, and resource utilization by induction regimen were estimated using standard frequentist statistics, logistic regression, and Poisson regression, respectively.

RESULTS:

A total of 1686 patients were identified with an overall induction case fatality rate of 5.4% that decreased from 9.8% in 2003 to 2.1% in 2009 (P = .0023). The case fatality rate was 9.0% in the intensively timed DCTER (dexamethasone, cytarabine, thioguanine, etoposide, and rubidomycin [daunomycin]/idarubicin) induction and 3.8% for ADE (cytarabine, daunomycin, and etoposide) induction (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.1‐4.5). Patients treated with intensively timed DCTER regimens had significantly greater antibiotic, red cell/platelet transfusion, analgesic, vasopressor, renal replacement therapy, and radiographic resource utilization than patients treated with ADE regimens. Resource utilization was substantially higher than reported in published pediatric AML clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONS:

Induction mortality for children with AML decreased significantly as ADE use increased. In addition to higher associated mortality, intensively timed DCTER regimens had a correspondingly higher use of health care resources. Using resource utilization data as a proxy for adverse events, adverse event rates reported on clinical trials substantially underestimated the clinical toxicities of all pediatric AML induction regimens. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
C18‐unsaturated branched‐chain fatty acid isomers: Characterization and physical properties
Authors: Ngo Helen L. , Dunn Robert O. , Hoh Eunha
Published: February 2013

Iso‐oleic acid is a mixture of C18‐unsaturated branched‐chain fatty acid isomers with a methyl group on various positions of the alkyl chain, which is the product of the skeletal isomerization reaction of oleic acid and is the intermediate used to make isostearic acid (C18‐saturated branched‐chain fatty acid isomers). Methyl iso‐oleate, a mixture of C18‐unsaturated branched‐chain fatty acid methyl ester isomers, is obtained via acid catalyzed esterification of iso‐oleic acid with methanol. The branched‐chain materials are liquid at room temperature and their “oiliness” property makes them an attractive candidate for the lubricant industry. In this paper, we report characterization of these branched‐chain materials using comprehensive two‐dimensional GC with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOF‐MS) and their physical and lubricity properties using tribology measurements.
Enantioselective Michael Addition of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Oxophosphonates Catalysed by a Bifunctional Squaramide Bearing a Structurally Rigid 9,10‐Ethylene‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene Skeleton
Authors: Chang Xufang , Wang Qiaohui , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: February 2013

A bifunctional squaramide based on (R,R)‐11,12‐diamino‐9,10‐ethylene‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene has been developed, and it has demonstrated great advantages over previously reported organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition of 4‐hydroxycoumarins to β,γ‐unsaturated α‐oxophosphonates. Upon quenching the generated β‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl‐substituted acylphosphonate intermediates with DBU and an alcohol or amine as a second nucleophile, the corresponding β‐substituted carboxylates or amides were obtained in acceptable to excellent yields and with high levels of enantioselectivity (80–97 % ee) in a one‐pot fashion.
Neural simulation of actions: Effector‐ versus action‐specific motor maps within the human premotor and posterior parietal area?
Authors: Lorey Britta , Naumann Tim , Pilgramm Sebastian , Petermann Carmen , Bischoff Matthias , Zentgraf Karen , Stark Rudolf , Vaitl Dieter , Munzert Jörn
Published: February 2013

This study addresses the controversy over how motor maps are organized during action simulation by examining whether action simulation states, that is, motor imagery and action observation, run on either effector‐specific and/or action‐specific motor maps. Subjects had to observe or imagine three types of movements effected by the right hand or the right foot with different action goals. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed an action‐specific organization within premotor and posterior parietal areas of both hemispheres during action simulation, especially during action observation. There were also less pronounced effector‐specific activation sites during both simulation processes. It is concluded that the premotor and parietal areas contain multiple motor maps rather than a single, continuous map of the body. The forms of simulation (observation, imagery), the task contexts (movements related to an object, with usual/unusual effector), and the underlying reason for performing the simulation (rate your subjective success afterwards) lead to the specific use of different representational motor maps within both regions. In our experimental setting, action‐specific maps are dominant especially, during action observation, whereas effector‐specific maps are recruited to only a lesser degree. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1212–1225, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers in different diameters support neurite outgrowth and promote astrocyte migration
Authors: Qu Jing , Wang Dan , Wang Huihui , Dong Yunhai , Zhang Feng , Zuo Baoqi , Zhang Huanxiang
Published: February 2013

Nerve tissue engineering has been one of the promising strategies for regenerative treatment in patients suffering from neural tissue loss, but considerable challenges remain before it is able to progress toward clinical application. It has been demonstrated that transplantation of cells in combination with physically or chemically modified biomaterials provides better environments for neurite outgrowth and further promotes axonal regeneration in animal models of spinal cord injury. In this study, neurons and astrocytes were incorporated into 400‐nm, 800‐nm, and 1200‐nm electrospun Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) materials to investigate the effects of scaffold‐diameter in regulating and directing cell behaviors. β‐III‐tubulin immunofluorescence analyses reveal that SF nanofibers with smaller diameters are more favorable to the development and maturation of subventricular zone‐derived neuronsthan 1200‐nm SF scaffolds. In addition, astrocytes exhibited well‐arranged glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression on SF scaffolds, and a significant increase in cell‐spreading area was observed on 400‐nm but not 1200‐nm SF scaffolds. Moreover, a significantly enhanced migration efficiency of astrocytes grown on SF scaffolds was verified, which highlights the guiding roles of SF nanofibers to the migratory cells. Overall, our results may provide valuable information to develop effective tissue remodeling substrates and to optimize existing biomaterials for neural tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2667–2678, 2013.
An Application of the Capability Maturity Model for Evaluating Attraction Websites in Mainland China
Authors: Zhong Lina , Leung Daniel , Law Rob , Wu Bihu , Shao Jun
Published: February 2013

This paper extends the applicability of the Capability Maturity Model to attraction website evaluation. Based on input by 120 respondents from four groups, including tourists, tourism academics, attraction managers, and IT professionals in Mainland China, an attraction website maturity model (AWMM) with six key performance areas and 48 key criteria was developed. To validate the applicability of the model, the AWMM was used to evaluate 357 websites of 4A‐level attractions in Mainland China. Empirical findings revealed that the development of the China's attraction websites was at an infancy stage, while eCommerce in China has been adopted rapidly. Major improvements are required in relation to the interaction and commerce functions of these websites. Implications of the results of such improvements, as well as future research, are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cure kinetics of epoxy resins by differential scanning calorimetry technique
Authors: Patel Ravji D. , Patel Ranjan G. , Patel Vithal S.
Published: February 2013

The curing reactions of epoxy resins with aliphatic amine are investigated using the differential scanning calorimetry technique with a single dynamic scan. The rate of the reaction was followed over the temperature range 30–250°C, and the activation energy and the order of the reaction are determined using four different computational methods. The activation energy for the various epoxy systems is observed in the range 40–76 kJ mol−1 and the order of the reaction is observed to be ⋍ 1·0.
Quantum mechanics approaches to drug research in the era of structural chemogenomics
Authors: Ilatovskiy Andrey V. , Abagyan Ruben , Kufareva Irina
Published: February 2013

The rapid growth of the available crystallographic information about proteins and binding pockets creates remarkable opportunities for enriching the drug research pipelines with computational prediction of novel protein–ligand interactions. While ab initio quantum mechanical (QM) approaches are known to provide unprecedented accuracy in structure‐based binding energy calculations, they are limited to only small systems of dozens of atoms. In the structural chemogenomics era, it is critical that new approaches are developed that enable application of QM methodologies to noncovalent interactions in systems as large as protein–ligand complexes and conformational ensembles. This perspective highlights recent advances towards bridging the gap between high‐accuracy and high‐volume computations in drug research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An infrared spectroscopic study of sodium silicate adsorption on porous anodic alumina
Authors: Gaggiano R. , De Graeve I. , Mol J.M.C. , Verbeken K. , Kestens L.A.I. , Terryn H.
Published: February 2013

Sodium silicate solutions, also known as ‘water‐glass’, are used for a wide variety of applications. In particular, they are commonly used in pre‐treatments of aluminum alloys as cleaners and corrosion inhibitors. Silicate films are known to be promising for corrosion protection and to confer high hydrophilicity. One of the main issues in the study of the formation of silicate films on metal oxides is the complexity of the anionic speciation in aqueous solution. In this work, the mechanism of sodium silicate interaction with porous anodic alumina and its dependence on the solution characteristics is studied by means of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Grazing angle‐FTIR and attenuated total reflection‐FTIR are used in order to monitor the chemical changes occurring with time on the surface upon silicate adsorption. The effect of the SiO2/Na2O molar ratio and the temperature is studied. The role of rinsing is investigated when the alumina surface is washed in water after the silicate treatment. A chemical description of the phenomena occurring during silicate treatment is given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compositional and structural characterization of alloyed carbide by 3D atom probe and high‐resolution TEM
Authors: Liu Qingdong , Zhao Shi‐Jin
Published: February 2013

During tempering of solute supersaturated ferrous martensite, the face‐centered cubic MC‐type carbides (M is alloy elements) such as VC and NbC phases usually co‐precipitate on crystal defects such as dislocation and take on plate‐like morphology. Over‐tempering makes the plate‐like shape change to spherical shape because ofOstwaldcoarsening. The coarsening process strongly correlates to the diffusion behaviors of the carbon and carbide‐forming elements, and consequently inhomogeneous compositional and structural distribution in the carbides is formed. Three‐dimensional atom probe and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy have been proved useful methods to characterize the composition, morphology and nanostructure of the carbides that precipitate in a quench‐tempered micro‐alloyed steel. Depending on the actual affinity with C and the diffusion behavior, Si and Al are rejected from the alloy carbide, whereas Mn, V and Nb are inhomogeneously enriched in it. The morphology and structure change with the compositional redistribution. During the coarsening process of the pre‐existing plate‐like carbide, transition carbide that is semi‐coherent with ferritic matrix is formed because of the disparity in diffusion ratio of different solutes. A core–shell complex nanostructure is consequently formed in the coarsening carbide, and the core and shell are identified as V8C7enriched in Mn, Mo and Mo2C, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Partially Oxidized Cyanoplatinates Rb1.75[Pt(CN)4]·1.25H2O and Cs1.75[Pt(CN)4]·0.5H2O
Authors: Mühle Claus , Nuss Jürgen , Jansen Martin
Published: February 2013

Crystal structures of partially oxidized cyanoplatinates were determined by single crystal analysis. Rb1.75[Pt(CN)4]·1.25H2O crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P21/c [a = 1171.4(2) pm, b = 3315.3(6) pm, c = 1054.4(2) pm, β = 114.253(2)°, V = 3733.2(11)·106 pm3, Z = 16, Ntotal = 31567, R(F)N = 0.0858]. The compound was obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of Rb2[Pt(CN)4]·1.5H2O and Rb2[Pt(CN)4]Br2. Cs1.75[Pt(CN)4]·0.5H2O crystallizes in the space group Ibam [a = 1266.1(3) pm, b = 1347.5(3) pm, c = 580.4(1) pm, V = 990.2(3)·106 pm3, Z = 4, Ntotal = 5997, R(F)N = 0.0807]. Crystals of the latter were grown by slow electrochemical oxidation of Cs2[Pt(CN)4]·H2O in aqueous solution using platinum wires as electrodes. In both compounds platinum is partially oxidized to Pt+2.25 and the nearly square‐planar tetracyanoplatinate groups are arranged to columns in a staggered conformation. The rubidium compound features a large unit cell with nonlinear chains of platinum atoms and short alternating Pt–Pt distances of 292 and 294 pm, the cesium compound crystallizes more symmetrically with Pt–Pt distances of c/2 = 290 pm. The two compounds were also characterized by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy.