bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proper closure of the optic fissure requires ephrin A5-EphB2-JNK signaling
Authors: Noh Hyuna , Lee Haeryung , Park Eunjeong , Park Soochul
Published: February 2016

The development of complex organs such as the eye requires a delicate and coordinated balance of cell division and cell death. Although apoptosis is prevalent in the proximoventral optic cup, the precise role it plays in eye development needs to be investigated further. In this study, we show that reduced apoptosis in the proximoventral optic cup prevents closure of the optic fissure. We also show that expression of ephrin A5 (Efna5) partially overlaps with Eph receptor B2 (Ephb2) expression in the proximoventral optic cup and that binding of EphB2 to ephrin A5 induces a sustained activation of JNK. This prolonged JNK signal promotes apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation. Thus, we propose that the unique cross-subclass interaction of EphB2 with ephrin A5 has evolved to function upstream of JNK signaling for the purpose of maintaining an adequate pool of progenitor cells to ensure proper closure of the optic fissure.
The force within: endocardial development, mechanotransduction and signalling during cardiac morphogenesis
Authors: Haack Timm , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim
Published: February 2016

Endocardial cells are cardiac endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart tube. Historically, their contribution to cardiac development has mainly been considered from a morphological perspective. However, recent studies have begun to define novel instructive roles of the endocardium, as a sensor and signal transducer of biophysical forces induced by blood flow, and as an angiocrine signalling centre that is involved in myocardial cellular morphogenesis, regeneration and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss how the endocardium develops, how endocardial-myocardial interactions influence the developing embryonic heart, and how the dysregulation of blood flow-responsive endocardial signalling can result in pathophysiological changes.
Echoes of the embryo: using the developmental biology toolkit to study cancer
Authors: Aiello Nicole M. , Stanger Ben Z.
Published: February 2016

The hallmark of embryonic development is regulation – the tendency for cells to find their way into organized and ‘well behaved’ structures – whereas cancer is characterized by dysregulation and disorder. At face value, cancer biology and developmental biology would thus seem to have little to do with each other. But if one looks beneath the surface, embryos and cancers share a number of cellular and molecular features. Embryos arise from a single cell and undergo rapid growth involving cell migration and cell-cell interactions: features that are also seen in the context of cancer. Consequently, many of the experimental tools that have been used to study embryogenesis for over a century are well-suited to studying cancer. This article will review the similarities between embryogenesis and cancer progression and discuss how some of the concepts and techniques used to understand embryos are now being adapted to provide insight into tumorigenesis, from the origins of cancer cells to metastasis.
The short-lived African turquoise killifish: an emerging experimental model for ageing
Authors: Kim Yumi , Nam Hong Gil , Valenzano Dario Riccardo
Published: February 2016

Human ageing is a fundamental biological process that leads to functional decay, increased risk for various diseases and, ultimately, death. Some of the basic biological mechanisms underlying human ageing are shared with other organisms; thus, animal models have been invaluable in providing key mechanistic and molecular insights into the common bases of biological ageing. In this Review, we briefly summarise the major applications of the most commonly used model organisms adopted in ageing research and highlight their relevance in understanding human ageing. We compare the strengths and limitations of different model organisms and discuss in detail an emerging ageing model, the short-lived African turquoise killifish. We review the recent progress made in using the turquoise killifish to study the biology of ageing and discuss potential future applications of this promising animal model.
2D Spin-Crossover Coordination Polymer Fe(hexyl-nicotinate)2[Au(CN)2]2
Authors: Ueno Shoutaro , Kawasaki Takeshi , Okabayashi Jun , Kitazawa Takafumi
Published: February 2016

A new coordination polymer, Fe(hexyl-nicotinate)2[Au(CN)2]2 (1) with Hofmann-type 2D single layers, exhibited 50% spin-crossover (SCO) behavior with transition temperatures near 150 K. Temperature-dependent X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra indicated that 1 possessed SCO properties only with iron(II) ions.
Anomaly of the inferior vena cava and lactose malabsorption
Authors: Kalmar P. , Wallner-Liebmann S. J. , Reiter G. , Mangge H. , Lipp R. W. , Schnedl W. J.
Published: February 2016

Patients with anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare, are usually asymptomatic and this developmental anomaly is detected during radiologic evaluation of deep vein thrombosis or incidentally during abdominal radiologic evaluation. We report on time resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (4D MRA) in a patient with congenital anomaly of the IVC and nonspecific abdominal complaints. 4D MRA is shown for evaluation and detailed diagnosis in vascular venous anatomy. However, due to continuing bloating and irregular bowel movements we investigated carbohydrate malabsorption and a lactose malabsorption was diagnosed. The nonspecific abdominal complaints in this patient with IVC anomaly were due to lactose malabsorption and were treated successfully with a lactose-free diet.

@Supplementary material online: www.phlebologieonline.de: http://dx.doi.org/10.12687/phleb2285-1-2016
Light medical compression stockings reduce symptoms when standing equally well as firm ones
Authors: Thomä H.-J. , Winkler C. , Amsler F. , Blättler W.
Published: February 2016

Background In Germany, therapy with medical compression stockings (MCS) relies almost completely on stockings exerting an ankle pressure of 23-32 mmHg. There is, however, strong evidence that MCS exerting a pressure <20 mmHg are at least as effective offering great advantages in use.

Methods We expanded prolonged standing to a stress test. The lower leg volume increase was monitored and, in parallel, the emergence of symptoms. Twenty-four healthy volunteers experienced symptoms in an initial test with bare legs and were therefore asked to take further tests with low (18-21 mmHg, D1) and high pressure (23-32 mmHg, D2) MCS. Leg volume was assessed with the Bodytronic 600 and symptoms with a numeric rating scale (1-10).

Results Lower leg volume increased with no MCS to 22 ml after 2 min and to 44 ml after 10 min. D1 reduced the volume increase in the second phase only, by 16 ml (p=0.020), D2 in the first phase already, by 9 ml (p=0.006), and by 22 ml (p<0.001) after 10 min. Symptoms increased continuously to 2.93 scale points. The various symptoms were equally reduced by either stocking.

Conclusions Prolonged standing leads to leg volume increase and symptoms. We found neither a cause-and-effect relationship between volume increase and symptoms nor between compression strength or volume increase prevention and symptoms.
Correlation between GSV diameter and varicose clinics
Authors: Amsler F. , Kalodiki E. , Mendoza E.
Published: February 2016

Background Great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence is involved in the majority of cases of varicose disease. Stratification of venous disease severity is still difficult. This study aims to correlate GSV diameters with C of CEAP and the venous clinical severity score (VCSS).

Methods Legs without GSV reflux (Control legs, Group 1) and legs with untreated isolated GSV reflux and varicose veins limited to the GSV territory (Group 2) were studied clinically and with duplex ultrasound in a prospective study. The GSV diameters were measured both next to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) and at proximal thigh (PT) and correlated to the C of CEAP and VCSS.

Results The control legs-group 1 were: n=33, 6 male, mean age 53, mean BMI 26.

The legs with reflux-group 2 were: n=78, 16 male, mean age 54, mean BMI 27.

The mean diameters for the SFJ ( ± SD) for groups 1 and 2 were 6.4 ± 1.8 and 9.9 ± 3.4. For PT they were 3.6 ± 0.9 and 5.9 ± 1.8 respectively. In legs with reflux the SFJ diameter correlates strongly with the PT diameter (r=0.69) and moderately with the C of CEAP and VCSS; 0.42 and 0.45 respectively. The PT diameter correlates slightly better with the C of CEAP and VCSS than the SFJ diameter (0.55 and 0.57). The mean values of VCSS for groups 1 and 2 were 0.70. and 4.69. The C of CEAP and VCSS show a strong correlation among them with r=0.79 in group 2 and 0.80 in the whole sample.

Conclusion The GSV diameters next to the SFJ and particularly at the PT in patients having reflux correlate strongly with both the C of CEAP and VCSS. Recording the GSV diameters at the SFJ and PT in a standardized way may improve comparison of published data and contribute to choice of treatment in the future.
Long-term observational study on outpatient treatment of venous diseases with medical compression stockings in Germany
Authors: Marshall M. , Murena-Schmidt R. , Doppel W. , Hahn S. , Schwahn-Schreiber C.
Published: February 2016

Background As detailed data are lacking on the provision of medical compression stockings (MCSs) in outpatient therapy of venous disorders in Germany, we examined various application parameters of mediven® roundknit garments in an 18-month observational study.

Results Findings possibly indicative of impaired tolerability (dry skin [26.5–29.6 %], transient skin irritation [1.3–2.7 %]) were rare and decreased during the course of the study. The number of patients reporting a marked improvement during the past 12 months increased by 41.5–46.1 %, irrespective of the CEAP classification. Up to 84.5 % of participants reported that their well-being remained at a constantly high level, and the CEAP class improved objectively in 17.7 % of participants. The participants were prescribed an average of four prescriptions for MCSs (mainly compression class 2) which, irrespective of the CEAP and BMI, were mostly of a light quality. During the study, 65.3–75.6 % of patients wore the MCSs every day.

Conclusion Our data show that mediven® MCSs are very well tolerated and lead to a subjective improvement in symptoms. Nevertheless, our results clearly confirm the need to optimise provision to patients with venous disorders.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Репина Елена , Repina Elena , Чернышев Михаил , Chernyshev Mikhail , Анопченко Татьяна , Anopchenko Tatyana , Моисеенко Андрей , Moiseenko Andrey
Published: February 2016

The concept of urban agglomeration, the influence of the Rostov agglomeration to the increasing the competitiveness of the region is examined in the article. In the post-crisis period the importance of developing agglomerations in Russia intensified. This is due to the further development and update of the country´s economy, with the challenges generated by external (global) environment in which the regions have to defend their competitiveness. In addition, the importance of Metropolitan areas is particularly important in the border areas because of agglomeration are the key points of geopolitical influence. In this sense, Russia not only can, but must look to the useful world experience of development of agglomerations, to learn from the path that has been passed down to us. Sinter political practice in Russia ahead of the theoretical base, so this area needs to be actively developed.
SAMPLING OF ACTIVE WORKERS OF RETIREMENT AGE ON THE BASIS OF EXISTING TYPOLOGIES
Authors: Паршина Валентина , Parshina Valentina , Якушева Александра , Yakusheva Aleksandra
Published: February 2016

On the basis of the existing typologies study classification of retirement and pre-retirementage workers has been conducted according to the signs of possibility to continue their labor activity. Complex information about the age-related changes in the behavior of workers in the process of their labor activity has been obtained. The conclusions are used to determine the of socio-economic management effects with regard to the employment of this category of workers adequate to their state.
Efeitos da hidroginástica sobre a capacidade funcional de idosos: metanálise de estudos randomizados
Authors: Reichert Thaís , Prado Alexandre , Kanitz Ana , Kruel Luiz
Published: February 2016

Os efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento limitam a capacidade do idoso de realizar atividades básicas. Nesse sentido, é relevante saber se a hidroginástica, modalidade fortemente recomendada ao público idoso, promove independência funcional a essa população. O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática e metanálise foi avaliar os efeitos da prática de hidroginástica sobre a capacidade funcional de idosos. A busca foi realizada na PUBMED, Scielo, Cochrane, PEDro e de forma manual em agosto de 2015. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os estudos com base em critérios previamente definidos (ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram o efeito da prática de hidroginástica sobre o desempenho em testes funcionais em idosos acima de 60 anos saudáveis). A metanálise foi realizada usando modelo de efeitos aleatórios e a heterogeneidade estatística foi avaliada pelo teste Q de Cochran e inconsistência (I2). De um total de 7056 artigos, oito estudos clínicos randomizados foram incluídos com 301 sujeitos. A hidroginástica promove um aumento significativo na força muscular resistente de membros superiores (7,63 [intervalo de confiança de 95%, 4,19 a 11,08]) e inferiores (6,65 [intervalo de confiança de 95%, 3,23 a 10,07]), na flexibilidade de membros superiores (3,75 [intervalo de confiança de 95%, 0,39 a 7,11]) e inferiores (6,10 [intervalo de confiança de 95%, 0,32 a 11,89]) e no equilíbrio dinâmico (0,95 [intervalo de confiança de 95%, 1,45 a 0,44]) de idosos. Conclui-se que a hidroginástica pode ser indicada como uma forma de melhorar a capacidade funcional e independência de idosos.
Quality of life, stages of behavioral changes and physical activity level of Physical Education students
Authors: Costa Bruna , Leão Nicelle , Batista Gilmário , Paes Pedro
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the stages of behavioral change (SBC) and compare quality of life (QOL) and physical activity level between first-year and last-year undergraduate Physical Education students at a public university in Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 199 undergraduate Physical Education students, enrolled in the first, second, seventh and eighth semesters of their course, with a mean age of 21.32 ± 4.00 years, of which 61.80% were first-year students (enrolled in the first and second semesters). Behavioral change was verified with the SBC questionnaire, QOL with the WHOQOL-Bref and physical activity level with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis, with a 5% significance level. The most prevalent SBC was in the Action stage (first-year students: 53.3% and last-year students: 43.9%). There were significant differences in the social (p <0.01) and environmental (p<0.01) domains. Regarding the physical activity level, 82.93% of first-year students and 86.84% of last-year students were physically active. Both groups of students showed relatively positive QOL, SBC and physical activity level, although QOL differed in terms of sociability and environmental adaptation.
Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) em Rio Grande/RS: percepções sobre o trabalho realizado pela educação física
Authors: Furtado Giovana , Knuth Alan
Published: February 2016

O núcleo profissional de Educação Física (EF) insere-se na construção do Sistema Único de Saúde e também reconhece seus desdobramentos no que tange às práticas de cuidado no campo da saúde, por meio dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), no contexto da atenção básica em saúde. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender junto à gestão e ao núcleo profissional da EF em Rio Grande, RS, suas percepções sobre o trabalho particular do núcleo e apresentar elementos sobre sua inserção, entraves e contribuições no cenário dos NASFs. De fundo qualitativo, a pesquisa orientou-se pelo plano teórico-metodológico de Minayo e realizou entrevistas com uma trabalhadora da gestão e uma trabalhadora de EF do NASF urbano. Foi possível identificar as origens do NASF a partir de uma rede de matriciamento em saúde mental. Predominam ainda ações e atividades com abordagem clínica e há influência de áreas como a enfermagem, não só no nível do cuidado, mas principalmente no âmbito da gestão. A atuação da EF ainda se dá de forma muito particular à realidade de formação do profissional, podendo deslocar-se desde uma abordagem puramente clínica até ao cuidado mais atento à integralidade e à humanização. A noção de promoção da saúde apresenta-se como elemento primordial para a EF. O processo de trabalho da EF no contexto do NASF apresenta-se com passos e impasses, alguns particulares e conhecidos do núcleo profissional, enquanto outros pertinentes ao campo saúde, como a inoperância para costurar a concepção de promoção da saúde no modelo de saúde vigente.
Genetic testing in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Child Anne H , Aragon-Martin Jose A , Sage Karen
Published: February 2016

Genetic testing is aiding rapid diagnosis of Marfan syndrome as a basis for management of eye, heart and skeletal disease. The affected patient's mutation can be used as a basis for prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of offspring. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the technique of choice, can ensure an unaffected pregnancy.
Patients' and health-care professionals' awareness of cost: a multicentre survey
Authors: van Boxel Gijs I , van Duren Bernard H , van Boxel Elizabeth-Jane , Gilbert Rodney , Gilbert Paul , Appleton Shaun
Published: February 2016

Delivering cost-effective health care within the constraints of public funding is the goal of the NHS. In this study 248 health-care professionals and patients across six different hospitals were surveyed to ascertain their cost awareness. Cost awareness was poor across all groups.
BMI, obesity and contraception
Authors: Gill Fran
Published: February 2016

A full discussion about risks can help find a satisfactory method for overweight women, explains Fran Gill
A new species of Paraphaenodiscus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India parasitizing Coccus sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae)
Authors: Singh Sudhir
Published: February 2016

A new species, Paraphaenodiscus udayveeri Singh sp. nov., has been described and illustrated with automontaged photographs of both male and female. Species parasitized scale insects on the leaves of Pterygota alata which were weaved into nest of red weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Species is compared with P. chrysocomae Prinsloo and P. pedanus Prinsloo & Mynhardt. Key to world species of Paraphaenodiscus except European species is also given. Types are deposited with National Forest Insect Collection, Entomology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India (NFIC-FRI).
The return of the prodigal father
Authors: Steir-Livny Liat
Published: February 2016

The article will show how, on the one hand, the tragic character of the father criticizes what Israel has become: a violent, militarist environment. On the other hand, his character traits raise the question as to whether he has an alternative to propose, thus leaving the viewers in a moral limbo.
Searching for truth: The art of the close-up in Draft
Authors: Lefebvre-Linetzky Jacques
Published: February 2016

From a visual point of view, Draft may be seen as a search for truth thanks to the use of the close-up. It enables the viewer to apprehend the father’s pain from within. As such, the close-up is about sharing emotions and not relying on the often-deceitful power of words.
A computational mind cannot recognize itself
Authors: Fletcher Jack McKay
Published: February 2016

The computational mind paradigm proposes that the mind is an information-processing system equivalent to a Turing machine. Some proponents of this view hope to emulate the mind using methods such as symbolism, connectionism or more biological models. In the present work, the following question is posed: is a computational mind capable of deciding (yes or no) whether a proposed emulation of the mind is indeed an emulation of the mind? It is argued that this is not possible. Intuitively, the reason a computational mind cannot recognize an emulation of itself is for much the same reason that a set of scales cannot weigh itself. In this article, a formal argument for this stance is given by noticing the following: for a computational mind to recognize an emulation of itself, it must be capable of deciding whether two Turing Machines (namely, itself and the proposed emulation) are functionally equivalent. This task is uncomputable, and thus there cannot exist a computational procedure in the mind that is capable of recognizing an emulation of itself.
Speculative somatics
Authors: Maranan Diego S.
Published: February 2016

Based on a presentation at The Undivided Mind conference at Plymouth University, this article sketches out speculative applications of somatics, the first person, phenomenological study of sensation, perception and movement. I first introduce the subject of somatics through an experiential exercise for the reader before summarizing theoretical aspects of somatic study. Drawing from the literature in embodied cognition and from personal recollections of embodied experiences, I propose how somatic approaches could potentially be used in working with immigrant communities, living in outer space, and empathizing with non-human animals.
Between minds and bodies: Some insights about creativity from dance improvisation
Authors: Łucznik Klara
Published: February 2016

Observing dance improvisation provides a unique opportunity to understand how people collaborate together while creating. It is an opportunity to consider how new ideas appear, not simply from the internal processes of a single creator but rather from the interactions between the minds, bodies and the environment acting on and between a group of improvising dancers. Improvisational scores served in this study as a laboratory into group creativity. Using a video-stimulated recall method, which asks dancers to reflect upon their own processes just after completing the score, I explored the interdependency between meta-cognitive strategies such as imagery and sense awareness, group processes, the role of others in one’s own creative processes, and interactions between bodies and with the environment. As a result I describe how dancers build together a common improvisational space, which allows them to co-create and share their ideas mostly in non-verbal, non-propositional ways. I discuss the co-agency of such a process, showing that intentionality is distributed between dancers at each moment of improvisation and that they are mainly focused on supporting the ideas of others. I also discuss the medium of the body and the embodied response as central to dance improvisation practice.
‘A walking Man from the far North’ – art, craft and the emergence of consciousness: A speculative tale
Authors: Pothier Benjamin
Published: February 2016

How can cross-disciplinary speculative narratives give us insights and open new paths of research? Borrowing from a number of disciplines, from Anthropology to Psychology or Art history, I will draw a hypothetical blueprint of processes that possibly led to the creation of the Ainu people’s patterns, an indigenous tribe from north Japan. From some particular key points I will narrate a speculative tale giving us possible insights about those specific patterns, as well as about the questions encapsulated in the split representation in the art of Asia and America, questions that were raised by various anthropologists, from Franz Boas to Claude Levi-Strauss. I will demonstrate that those pattern-making habits were inherent to human being as a species until very recently. What kind of unconscious purpose or meaning they could have had and what it could mean in terms of the evolution of consciousness.
Uma batalha de papéis: a suspensão e as críticas à Inquisição portuguesa (1670-1674)
Authors: De Mattos Yllan
Published: February 2016

Esse artigo tem como objetivo compreender o processo que culminou nas suspensões do Santo Ofício português, entre os anos de 1674 e 1681. Os cristãos-novos produziram diversos documentos em Roma que invalidavam a ação do Santo Ofício lusitano, qualificando-o como arbitrário, interesseiro nos bens materiais e injusto. Os inquisidores, por sua vez, responderam cada queixa afirmando sua autonomia face ao papado e explicando os pormenores de sua prática jurídica. O local dessa disputa fora a própria Congregação do Santo Ofício romano, na qual mediaram seus cardeais e o próprio papa. Nesse sentido, serão analisadas as diversas correspondências, os opúsculos produzidos e os textos oficiais fomentados nessa lide que vicejou como um pedido de misericórdia (perdão) e terminou com a exigência de justiça pelos réus do famigerado Tribunal da Inquisição.
Gracia y gobierno en la administración valenciana del seiscientos. Hacia nuevos consensos
Authors: Canet Aparisi Teresa
Published: February 2016

Desde 1645 dos miembros de la nobleza local entraron a formar parte de la sala criminal de la Audiencia valenciana. Como consejeros de capa y espada asumieron competencias en materias de gracia y gobierno. Con esta medida se introdujo una moderación del arbitrio virreinal en tales ejercicios. Pero, sobre todo, la corona convirtió a la pequeña y mediana nobleza del reino en nueva colaboradora de su política de control estamental.
De la sociedad Guaraní a la familia católica. Nuevas aportaciones desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Tribaldos Soriano Rosa
Published: February 2016

Entre las parcialidades guaraníes, antes de la llegada de la Compañía de Jesús a tierras americanas a finales del siglo XVI, no existía el concepto «familia» entendido como en el Viejo Mundo y desde la óptica católica, sino que en la cultura indígena el núcleo familiar era la comunidad al completo. Instalados los misioneros jesuitas, y una vez conformada la Provincia del Paraguay en 1607, decidieron llevar a cabo entre los grupos indígenas el denominado sistema de reducciones, instalando y desarrollando las misiones con la idea de llevarlos a «vida política y humana». Con la aparición del modelo de familia católica, la vida de las guaraníes sufrió una serie de transformaciones y alteraciones que dieron paso a la llegada de nuevos conceptos, logrando que se modificaran por completo tanto su mentalidad, como su conducta, las relaciones entre mujeres y hombres, y estableciendo estereotipos que introdujeron una nueva forma de sentirse mujer, radicalmente alejada del «antiguo modo de ser» propiamente guaraní.
La climatología y el negocio de la sal en la Ibiza del siglo XVII
Authors: Espino López Antonio
Published: February 2016

Ha sido nuestra intención en el presente artículo, elaborado con materiales extraídos de los fondos del Archivo de la Corona de Aragón, Archivo General de Simancas, Archivo Histórico Nacional y Biblioteca Nacional, analizar el difícil equilibrio que se debía alcanzar en Ibiza en cuanto al suministro de granos –para una población cercana a los diez mil habitantes en el transcurso del siglo XVII– cuando fallaban las cosechas, la venta de sal en las mejores circunstancias posibles para cubrir dicho déficit, así como las condiciones de explotación de los estanques y las dificultades metereológicas que podían acabar por arruinar la cosecha de la sal (y poner en peligro la economía de la isla). La principal conclusión es que, si bien la climatología fue muy adversa de manera recurrente, la falta de inversiones en las salinas provocó la mayor parte de los contratiempos.
A class of subsums of Euler’s sum
Authors: Williams Kenneth S.
Published: February 2016

A class of sums of the type

is evaluated, where
Algebraic operations and identities generated by Grassmann's algebras
Authors: Maximov V.M.
Published: February 2016

Some subgroups of automorphisms of Grassmann's algebra and their explicit descriptions are considered. The notion of a graduated determinant is introduced and its properties are investigated.
Large deviations of the height of a random tree
Authors: Makarov G.D.
Published: February 2016

The paper is devoted to the relation between random trees and branching processes for which the number of descendants of one particle has the Poisson distribution. The main result of the paper consists in finding the leading term of the asymptotics of the probabilities of large deviations for the height of a random tree. Similar problems were considered in [1-6].
Non-interference models and subliminal channels
Authors: Grusho A.A. , Shumitskaya E.L.
Published: February 2016

We consider mathematical models of secure systems, namely, the traditional noninterference model and a probabilistic non-interference model. We demonstrate that a system can satisfy the conditions of the traditional non-interference model in presence of a subliminal channel from the high-security domain to the low-security one. We give a sufficient condition for absence of a system of subliminal channels in the automaton model.
On the asymptotic behaviour of probabilities of large deviations for the negative polynomial distribution
Authors: Timashov A.N.
Published: February 2016

We consider the polynomial scheme of trials with outcomes E

P{η

In order to derive these asymptotic estimates, we use the multidimensional saddle-point method in the form suggested by Good.
Clones determined by alternating monoids
Authors: Marchenkov S.S.
Published: February 2016

In the symmetric semigroup ℑ
An estimate of mean efficiency of search trees for arbitrary sets of binary words
Authors: Ryabko B.Ya. , Fedotov A.A.
Published: February 2016

We consider the problem on constructing a binary search tree for an arbitrary set of binary words, which has found a wide use in informatics, biology, mineralogy, and other fields. It is known that the problem on constructing the tree of minimal cost is NP-complete; hence the problem arises to find simple algorithms which allow us to construct trees close to the optimal ones. In this paper we demonstrate that even simplest algorithm yields search trees which are close to the optimal ones in average, and prove that the mean number of nodes checked in the optimal tree differs from the natural lower bound, the binary logarithm of the number of words, by no more than 1.04.
Lattices of Ω-foliated formations
Authors: Skachkova Yu.A.
Published: February 2016

We consider the lattices of Ω-canonical and Ω-bicanonical formations and prove that all n-fold Ω-canonical and n-fold Ω-bicanonical formations are inductive and modular.
On some conditions for absence of a giant component in the generalised allocation scheme
Authors: Kazimirov N.I.
Published: February 2016

We prove two theorems which give conditions for absence of a giant component in the generalised allocation scheme and present a series of examples.
On reversal of graph orientation
Authors: Kolmykov V.A. , Menshikh V.V.
Published: February 2016

Let each vertex of a finite directed graph be associated with a finite-dimensional linear space and each arc, with a linear transformation of the corresponding space. Such objects are referred to as linear representations of graphs. They naturally arise in some fields of algebra and are deeply studied in the past three decades.

Replacing all arcs entering into a sink by oppositely oriented ones, we arrive at a new directed graph. These two directed graphs are close to each other in the sense that the problem of classification of their representation are equivalent, as shown by Bernstein, Gelfand, and Ponomarev. Two orientations are equivalent if one is derived from another by means of a sequence of the above transformations.

In the directed graph representation theory, of most interest are circuit-free orientations. In this paper, we give a simple criterion for equivalence of circuit-free orientations. We prove that two orientations are equivalent if and only if some integrals of these orientations are equal to each other.
On infinite groups with points
Authors: Yakovleva E.N.
Published: February 2016

We consider the notion of a point, give examples of groups with points and prove a theorem on the location of points in subgroups of infinite groups.
On relative complexity of quantum and classical branching programs
Authors: Gainutdinova A.F.
Published: February 2016

We give a definition of a quantum branching program. A well-known Boolean function MOD
Some remarks on transcript translation in discourse analysis
Authors: Belczyk-Kohl Yvonne
Published: February 2016

Transcripts of second language interaction and within publications in languages differing from the data discussed often must be translated to make the results of discourse analysis accessible. Transcription follows strict rules to achieve a scientific standard recipients can rely upon. Its main task is to picture a piece of authentic interaction by means of writing as detailed as possible and necessary, to make readers able to follow an analysis and judge it by themselves.

But what is true for transcriptions does not hold for their translations. Surprisingly, reflection of transcript translation tends to be neglected in literature. This might be due to several reasons: the different language systems and cultural imaging habits make it difficult, if not impossible, to propose an all-fitting translation guideline for transcription. Further, discourse analysts usually are (experienced) non-professional translators and do not often have a theoretical translation background. It is an additional (practical) challenge to align the demands of transcript theory and readability with editorial requirements.

While translating transcripts analysts would have to reflect five different aspects: (1) the status of translation in transcription, (2) a (not yet established) standard for transcript translation, (3) the translation‘s readability (recipients should be able to follow it with only little effort), (4) the potentially extremely differing systems of source and target language (representation of syntax and semantics), and (5) translation problems (e.g. cultural aspects) with regard to the given language pair.

The article considers the status of translation in transcription. The few theoretical findings are analyzed and contrasted with examples from discourse analysis. The article is complemented with the results of a survey among analysts concerning their translation behavior. Finally, some proposals for solutions are outlined.
Comparative Analysis of Thermoeconomic Evaluation Criteria for an Actual Heat Engine
Authors: Özel Gülcan , Açıkkalp Emin , Savaş Ahmet Fevzi , Yamık Hasan
Published: February 2016

In the present study, an actual heat engine is investigated by using different thermoeconomic evaluation criteria in the literature. A criteria that has not been investigated in detail is considered and it is called as ecologico-economical criteria (
Kierkegaard and the Self-Conscious Literary Tradition: An Interpretation of the Ludic Aspects of Kierkegaard’s Pseudonymous Authorship from a Literary-Historical Perspective
Authors: Jensen Julio
Published: February 2016

Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous authorship is characterized by a profusion of literary techniques that belong to the tradition of the ludic or selfconscious novel (the fiction that makes its fictionality manifest). In the present contribution the self-conscious literary plays carried out by Kierkegaard will be interpreted from the perspective of the philosophy of the subject, since both the self-conscious novel and Kierkegaard’s production can be related to this philosophical tradition. The article is organized as follows: first appears a very brief sketch of the way in which self-conscious literature and the philosophy of the subject are related. After this, follows a commentary on the notion of individuality in On the Concept of Irony. Kierkegaard’s dissertation is read as a work in the tradition of the philosophy of the subject that, at the same time, surpasses the idea of subjectivity as metaphysical principle. Finally, a close reading of Either/Or intends to show how Kierkegaard develops his ideas about subjectivity in a literary frame-that of the self-conscious novel
“Marvel at Nothing”: Reconsidering Kierkegaard’s Category of Recollection through Social Networking Services
Authors: Thorbjornsson Gudmundur Bjorn , Verstrynge Karl
Published: February 2016

Surprisingly little has been written about Kierkegaard’s thought in relation to the Internet in general, and Social Networking Services in particular. Scholarly discussion about Kierkegaard and the Internet has focused nearly solely on his 1846 Literary Review of Two Ages, in relation to his view on the press and the public. In this article, Kierkegaard’s category of recollection is taken into the contemporary discussion in media studies, philosophy of technology and sociology regarding the question of what it means to exist online. Recollection is presented here as a way of existing online and is discussed in relation to everyday existential encounters such as death, breakups, dating, hookups, and identity construction. The aim of this article is to offer a reading of Kierkegaard’s thought in relation to the Internet through the lens of his category of recollection
“A Great Awakener”: The Relevance of Søren Kierkegaard in Karl Jaspers’ Aneignung und Polemik
Authors: Granito Alessandra
Published: February 2016

In three short essays published in 1951 (“Kierkegaard”), 1955 (“Kierkegaard. Zu seinem 100. Todestag”) and 1964 (“Kierkegaard heute”)-later collected in the volume Aneignung und Polemik (1968)-Karl Jaspers summarizes Kierkegaard’s thought in an unusual way. The main goal of the present article is to clarify how, in Aneignung und Polemik, Jaspers indicates how Kierkegaard’s philosophy may still echo in the liquid age. In an age in which life is a stage, and seems to succumb increasingly to the power of mass media, Jaspers’ reading of Kierkegaard invites us to be ourselves and to open ourselves to the hidden sense against the despair brought about by the paradoxical combination of homogenization and solipsism. Kierkegaard’s way, he suggests, offers an authentic way to accept our own human limits. But according to Jaspers, Kierkegaard perhaps tells us something more: If in a time of destruction and transitions, philosophy seems to lose its power to illuminate human existence, this is to be laid at the door of the “original thinkers” who do not rise to the challenge of thinking the original philo-ousia, the “love towards essential being.”
Identification and Analytical Examination of Copper Alloy Pigments Applied as Golden Illuminations on Three Persian Manuscripts
Authors: Mousavi Sayed Mohammadjavad , Ahmadi Hossein , Abed-Esfahani Abbas , Mortazavi Mohammad , Aceto Maurizio
Published: February 2016

Golden pigments are among the most common colourants used in Persian illuminated manuscripts. In this research, golden pigments were investigated in three eighteenth- to nineteenth-century manuscripts. Initially, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry analyses showed that different kinds of metallic pigments were present and some of them were ternary alloys made up of copper, zinc and tin, hence copper-based alloys were ascertained as cheap alternatives to gold. Discolouration of the pigment was observable through alteration of the metallic pigments to greenish residues in the manuscripts. Subsequently, the greenish products in the golden pigments were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Copper carboxylates were recognized as degradation products. We inferred that the alteration is a consequence of the interaction between copper alloy pigments and carboxylic acids in conditions of high humidity. Moreover, more progressive degradation has caused the discolouration, brittleness and gradually crumbling of the paper in the painted areas. Signs of damages in the paper were comparable with decomposition of the paper by green copper pigments such as verdigris in historical documents and miniatures.
Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part I: Assessment of Parchment and Paper Fibres in Reconstituted Parchment
Authors: Wikarski Julia , Eyb-Green Sigrid , Baatz Wolfgang
Published: February 2016

Reconstituted parchment is, besides Japanese paper and parchment, a feasible and widely used material for filling in losses in parchment. This study investigates changes in haptic and visual qualities of the material caused by modifications with different ingredients like paper and parchment fibres. Additionally, selected procedures processing parchment to parchment powder were examined. As a brief introduction, the paper gives an overview over the existing types of reconstituted parchment that are used traditionally in parchment conservation. In addition it attempts to clarify the terminology for this material. Parchment powder was produced with simple and readily available equipment, by different methods: sanding, grating, grinding, shredding, milling and ice-crushing. The different types of home-made powder were compared to a pre-fabricated parchment powder obtained from a parchment maker. The test series showed that the type of preparation of parchment powder influences the fibre texture which in turn affects the material’s properties visually and haptically. While all methods are clearly more time-consuming than buying ready-to-use material, some preparations, e.g. grating, shredding and ice-crushing, showed superior properties.
Filling in Losses in Parchment Bound Volumes – Part II: Comparing Infill Materials with Regard to Their Climate Stability and Their Application in the Spine Area
Authors: Wikarski Julia , Eyb-Green Sigrid , Baatz Wolfgang
Published: February 2016

Parchment bindings located in the
Distribution of Acidity and Alkalinity on Degraded Manuscripts Containing Iron Gall Ink
Authors: Marín Eva , Sistach Maria Carme , Jiménez Jessica , Clemente Miguel , Garcia Guillem , García José Francisco
Published: February 2016

Long-time preservation of manuscripts depends on the stability of their support. One of the most important degradation processes of paper manuscripts containing iron gall ink is the acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The heterogeneity of the distribution of their constituent materials, together with the defined position of ink as a source of degradation agents, makes it difficult to obtain reliable and detailed information about degradation processes. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the acid degradation process by looking at the distribution of relevant variables (pH, acidity and alkaline reserve) on real untreated iron gall ink containing manuscripts at different degradation stages. The study discusses the well-known differences between surface and cold extraction pH determination. It corroborates the relationship between pH, acidity and alkalinity and degradation stages, pointing out that acidity values for some manuscripts in apparent good condition are not far from those obtained for degraded manuscripts. The results indicate that in some partially degraded manuscripts, the coexistence of acid areas and areas with an alkaline reserve which do not participate in the neutralization process is possible. The role of water as a solvent for this equilibrium has also been evaluated.
The Effect of Iron Ions from Prussian Blue Pigment on the Deterioration of Japanese Paper
Authors: Kida Keiko , Potthast Antje , Inaba Masamitsu , Hayakawa Noriko
Published: February 2016

Paper is often damaged by ink or pigments containing transition metal ions. Damage of Kozo paper (a kind of Japanese paper) caused by iron ions from Prussian blue pigments (iron ferrocyanide) or by the acidity of dilute sulfuric acid during artificial ageing was studied. The degradation induced by iron ions is suggested to be a synergistic process consisting of hydrolytic and oxidative reactions. The degradation state of the cellulose polymer in Kozo paper was investigated using fluorescence labeling of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in combination with gel permeation chromatography-multiple-angle laser light scattering. In addition to cellulose, Kozo paper contains a relatively large amount of hemicellulose, which was characterized by determination of uronic acid and neutral carbohydrates. The amount of carboxyl groups in Kozo paper decreased during ageing. A decrease in the amount of uronic acid originating from the hemicellulose in Kozo paper is considered the dominant factor in the observed decrease of total carboxyl contents, even if the oxidative reaction would increase the number of carboxyl groups. The amount of uronic acid and xylose in hemicellulose was influenced by iron ions during ageing, indicating the decomposition of hemicellulose. This result suggested that the hemicellulose in Kozo paper were affected first and prevented the hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of cellulose, which might enable Kozo paper to last longer.
Association between leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism, plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles in Turkish Cypriot obese subjects / Kıbrıslı Türk obez kişilerde leptin G-2548A gen polimorfizmi ile plazma leptin seviyeleri ve lipid profili arasındaki ilişki
Authors: Becer Eda , Kızılkanat Meral , Tınazlı Mehtap , Serakıncı Nedime
Published: February 2016

Objective: Leptin (LEP) is a metabolic and neuroendocrine hormone which is present in the circulation in amounts proportional to fat mass that acts to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure thereby regulating body weight homeostasis. Various polymorphisms are shown to be present in LEP gene which play important roles in obesity and obesity-related metabolic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of one of these polymorphisms, leptin gene G-2548A polymorphism, on obesity in association with body mass index (BMI), lipid parameters, plasma leptin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Methods: The study included 110 obese and 90 non-obese subjects. The LEP G-2548A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma leptin levels, serum lipid and antropometric parameters were measured.

Results: No association was found between LEP gene G-2548A polymorphism and BMI in both study and control groups. Strikingly study group with obese subjects and with the AA genotype had significantly higher serum total cholesterol (p<0.05) than GA and GG genotypes. In obese group, subjects with the AA genotypes had significantly higher leptin (p<0.05) levels than the GG and GA genotypes.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the LEP gene G-2548A polymorphism may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for obesity in Turkish Cypriot population. However, the G-2548A polymorphism appear to be important in regulating leptin and total cholesterol levels in obese group through leptin gene expression and signaling.