bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling as a promising target for the chemical control of malaria vectors
Authors: Ekoka Elodie , Maharaj Surina , Nardini Luisa , Dahan-Moss Yael , Koekemoer Lizette L.
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development and spread of resistance to insecticides among anopheline malaria vectors, the efficacy of current World Health Organization (WHO)-approved insecticides targeting these vectors is under threat. This has led to the development of novel interventions, including improved and enhanced insecticide formulations with new targets or synergists or with added sterilants and/or antimalarials, among others. To date, several studies in mosquitoes have revealed that the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling pathway regulates both vector abundance and competence, two parameters that influence malaria transmission. Therefore, insecticides which target 20E signaling (e.g. methoxyfenozide and halofenozide) may be an asset for malaria vector control. While such insecticides are already commercially available for lepidopteran and coleopteran pests, they still need to be approved by the WHO for malaria vector control programs. Until recently, chemicals targeting 20E signaling were considered to be insect growth regulators, and their effect was mostly studied against immature mosquito stages. However, in the last few years, promising results have been obtained by applying methoxyfenozide or halofenozide (two compounds that boost 20E signaling) to Anopheles populations at different phases of their life-cycle. In addition, preliminary studies suggest that methoxyfenozide resistance is unstable, causing the insects substantial fitness costs, thereby potentially circumventing one of the biggest challenges faced by current vector control efforts. In this review, we first describe the 20E signaling pathway in mosquitoes and then summarize the mechanisms whereby 20E signaling regulates the physiological processes associated with vector competence and vector abundance. Finally, we discuss the potential of using chemicals targeting 20E signaling to control malaria vectors.

Graphical abstract
Global survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs from the human parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Wang Zhen-Sheng , Zhou Hong-Chang , Wei Chun-Yan , Wang Zhi-Hua , Hao Xiao , Zhang Lian-Hui , Li Jing-Zhong , Wang Zeng-Lei , Wang Heng
Published: January 2021

Background

Small non-coding RNAs play critical regulatory roles in post-transcription. However, their characteristics in Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of human sexually transmitted trichomoniasis, still remain to be determined.

Methods

Small RNA transcriptomes from Trichomonas trophozoites were deep sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 system and comprehensively analyzed to identify Trichomonas microRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). The tsRNA candidates were confirmed by stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and motifs to guide the cleavage of tsRNAs were predicted using the GLAM2 algorithm.

Results

The miRNAs were found to be present in T. vaginalis but at an extremely low abundance (0.0046%). Three categories of endogenous Trichomonas tsRNAs were identified, namely 5′tritsRNAs, mid-tritsRNAs and 3′tritsRNAs, with the 5′tritsRNAs constituting the dominant category (67.63%) of tsRNAs. Interestingly, the cleavage site analysis verified both conventional classes of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-halves in tritsRNAs, indicating the expression of tRNA-halves in the non-stress condition. A total of 25 tritsRNAs were experimentally confirmed, accounting for 78.1% of all tested candidates. Three motifs were predicted to guide the production of tritsRNAs. The results prove the expression of tRFs and tRNA-halves in the T. vaginalis transcriptome.

Conclusions

This is the first report of genome-wide investigation of small RNAs, particularly tsRNAs and miRNAs, from Trichomonas parasites. Our findings demonstrate the expression profile of tsRNAs in T. vaginalis, while miRNA was barely detected. These results may promote further research aimed at gaining a better understanding of the evolution of small non-coding RNA in T. vaginalis and their functions in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis.

Graphical Abstract
The survival and dispersal of Taenia eggs in the environment: what are the implications for transmission? A systematic review
Authors: Jansen Famke , Dorny Pierre , Gabriël Sarah , Dermauw Veronique , Johansen Maria Vang , Trevisan Chiara
Published: January 2021

Taenia spp. are responsible for a substantial health and economic burden in affected populations. Knowledge of the fate of the eggs of Taenia spp. in the environment and of other factors facilitating the transmission of eggs to intermediate hosts is important for the control/elimination of infections caused by Taenia spp. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge of the factors influencing the survival and dispersal of Taenia spp. eggs in the environment. Publications retrieved from international databases were systematically reviewed. Of the 1465 papers initially identified, data were ultimately extracted from 93 papers. The results of this systematic review indicate that survival is favoured at moderate temperatures (0–20 °C). Humidity seems to affect the survival of Taenia spp. eggs more than temperature. Under field circumstances, Taenia spp. eggs have been found to survive for up to 1 year. Taenia spp. eggs are commonly found on vegetables (0.9–30%) and in soil and water samples (0–43%), with their presence posing a risk to the consumer. Invertebrates may act as transport hosts, transferring the infection to an intermediate host, but the importance of this route of transmission is still open to question. Wastewater treatment systems are not capable of entirely eliminating Taenia spp. eggs. Access to surface water and the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer on pastures are important risk factors for bovine cysticercosis. Although information on the survival and spread of Taenia spp. eggs is available, in general the data retrieved and reviewed in this article were old, focused on very specific geographical regions and may not be relevant for other areas or not specific for different Taenia spp. Furthermore, it is unknown whether egg survival differs according to Taenia sp. Future studies are necessary to identify sustainable methods to identify and inactivate parasite eggs in the environment and reduce their spread.

Graphical Abstract
Meropenem-induced pancytopenia in a preterm neonate: a case report
Authors: Hussain Kashif , Salat Muhammad Sohail , Mohammad Naureen , Mughal Ambreen , Idrees Sidra , Iqbal Javaid , Ambreen Gul
Published: January 2021

Background

A post-marketing surveillance study has reported an association between meropenem use and the incidence of hematologic abnormalities, including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and neutropenia, but the precise incidence in neonates is unknown. Here, we report meropenem-induced pancytopenia in a preterm neonate.

Case presentation

A preterm newborn Pakistani received intravenous meropenem 40 mg/kg every 8 hours to treat Klebsiella pneumoniae in blood cultures and suspected meningitis. The baby developed severe thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count of 22 × 103 cells/mm3, low hemoglobin level of 9.7 g/dl, and low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 816 cells/mm3 on days 3, 14, and 17 of meropenem therapy, respectively. Based on the blood culture and institutional guidelines, meropenem treatment was continued with monitoring and supportive care for a total of 19 days. After discontinuation of meropenem, the baby was monitored continuously for hematological changes, and low counts persisted for 3 days. ANC improved to > 1500 cells/mm3 on the fourth day, and the platelet count reached > 150 × 103 cells/mm3 for the first time on the seventh day of meropenem discontinuation. All subsequent complete blood count (CBC) reports showed improving trends. The baby was discharged on the 48th day of life (DOL), with follow-up monitoring of CBC. The baby was kept on iron supplements, and hemoglobin level of 11.2 g/dl was observed on the 59th DOL.

Conclusion

Neonatal pancytopenia may lead to serious health complications; therefore, clinicians and pharmacists need to vigilantly monitor CBC in this vulnerable population, even when administering meropenem in septic doses for the recommended duration.
Adipose-derived cellular therapies prolong graft survival in an allogenic hind limb transplantation model
Authors: Chen Jingting , Wang Yinmin , Hu Haoyue , Xiong Yao , Wang Shoubao , Yang Jun
Published: January 2021

Background

The long-term survival after vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is often limited by systemic rejection as well as the adverse effects of immunosuppressants. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can be expanded to produce adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) which represents a combination of endothelial cells, preadipocytes, immune cells, and ADSC. It has been demonstrated that ADSC possess consistently reliable clinical results. However, literature is scarce regarding SVF in VCA. This study seeks to determine the impact of ex vivo allograft pretreatment in combination with SVF cells in the ability to promote composite tissue allotransplantation immunotolerance.

Methods

A rat hind limb allotransplant model was used to investigate the influence of ex vivo pretreatment of SVF and ADSC on VCA survival. Intravascular cell-free saline, ADSC, or SVF was infused into the models with immunosuppressants. The histopathological examination and duration that the allografts went without displaying symptoms of rejection was documented. Peripheral T lymphocytes and Tregs were quantified with flow cytometry while allotissue expressions of CD31 were quantified with immunohistochemical staining (IHC). ELISA was used to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A as well as anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Results

We demonstrated that ex vivo treatment of allografts with SVF or ADSC prolonged allograft survival in contrast to medium control cohorts. There were also enhanced levels of immunomodulatory cytokines and increased VEGF-A and CD31 expression as well as reduced infiltration and proliferation of T lymphocytes along with raised Treg expressions.

Conclusion

These studies demonstrated that adipose-derived cellular therapies prolong graft survival in an allogenic hind limb transplantation model and have the potential to establish immunotolerance.
In vivo interactome profiling by enzyme‐catalyzed proximity labeling
Authors: Xu Yangfan , Fan Xianqun , Hu Yang
Published: January 2021

Enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach to reveal the protein-protein interaction networks, dissect complex biological processes, and characterize the subcellular proteome in a more physiological setting than before. The enzymatic tags are being upgraded to improve temporal and spatial resolution and obtain faster catalytic dynamics and higher catalytic efficiency. In vivo application of PL integrated with other state of the art techniques has recently been adapted in live animals and plants, allowing questions to be addressed that were previously inaccessible. It is timely to summarize the current state of PL-dependent interactome studies and their potential applications. We will focus on in vivo uses of newer versions of PL and highlight critical considerations for successful in vivo PL experiments that will provide novel insights into the protein interactome in the context of human diseases.
A traceability analysis system for model evaluation on land carbon dynamics: design and applications
Authors: Zhou Jian , Xia Jianyang , Wei Ning , Liu Yufu , Bian Chenyu , Bai Yuqi , Luo Yiqi
Published: January 2021

Background

An increasing number of ecological processes have been incorporated into Earth system models. However, model evaluations usually lag behind the fast development of models, leading to a pervasive simulation uncertainty in key ecological processes, especially the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. Traceability analysis provides a theoretical basis for tracking and quantifying the structural uncertainty of simulated C storage in models. Thus, a new tool of model evaluation based on the traceability analysis is urgently needed to efficiently diagnose the sources of inter-model variations on the terrestrial C cycle in Earth system models.

Methods

A new cloud-based model evaluation platform, i.e., the online traceability analysis system for model evaluation (TraceME v1.0), was established. The TraceME was applied to analyze the uncertainties of seven models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).

Results

The TraceME can effectively diagnose the key sources of different land C dynamics among CMIIP6 models. For example, the analyses based on TraceME showed that the estimation of global land C storage varied about 2.4 folds across the seven CMIP6 models. Among all models, IPSL-CM6A-LR simulated the lowest land C storage, which mainly resulted from its shortest baseline C residence time. Over the historical period of 1850–2014, gross primary productivity and baseline C residence time were the major uncertainty contributors to the inter-model variation in ecosystem C storage in most land grid cells.

Conclusion

TraceME can facilitate model evaluation by identifying sources of model uncertainty and provides a new tool for the next generation of model evaluation.
Correction to: Plasmodium—a brief introduction to the parasites causing human malaria and their basic biology
Authors: Sato Shigeharu
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Investigations of the relics and altar materials relating to the apostles St James and St Philip at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome
Authors: Rasmussen Kaare Lund , van der Plicht Johannes , La Nasa Jacopo , Ribechini Erika , Colombini Maria Perla , Delbey Thomas , Skytte Lilian , Schiavone Simone , Kjær Ulla , Grinder-Hansen Poul , Lanzillotta Lautaro Roig
Published: January 2021

Two types of materials were sampled as part of an investigation of the relics of the Holy Catholic Church of the Apostles St Philip and St James in the Basilica dei Santi Apostoli in Rome: bone- and mummy-materials and architectural samples. The analyses encompassed radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating, gas and liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection, X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the samples were subjected to a number of conservational and exhibition-related treatments. The alleged femoral bone of St James was dated between AD 214 and 340 (2σ confidence), which shows that this cannot be the bone of St James. An encrustation found in a canal in the reliquary in the high altar construction showed the presence of heavily oxidized rapeseed oil, which was radiocarbon dated between AD 267 and 539 (2σ confidence), and a ceramic shard also found in the high altar construction was TL-dated to AD 314–746 (2σ confidence). The two latter dates are consistent with a translation of the relics following the erection of the church at the time of Pope Pelagius I in AD 556–561.
The (STEM)2 Network: a multi-institution, multidisciplinary approach to transforming undergraduate STEM education
Authors: Santangelo Jessica , Hobbie Lawrence , Lee Jacqueline , Pullin Michael , Villa-Cuesta Eugenia , Hyslop Alison
Published: January 2021

Background

Transforming the culture of STEM higher education to be more inclusive and help more students reach STEM careers is challenging. Herein, we describe a new model for STEM higher education transformation, the Sustainable, Transformative Engagement across a Multi-Institution/Multidisciplinary STEM, (STEM)2, “STEM-squared”, Network. The Network embraces a pathways model, as opposed to a pipeline model, to STEM career entry. It is founded upon three strong theoretical frameworks: Communities of Transformation, systems design for organizational change, and emergent outcomes for the diffusion of innovations in STEM education. Currently composed of five institutions—three private 4-year universities and two public community colleges—the Network capitalizes on the close geographic proximity and shared student demographics to effect change across the classroom, disciplinary, institutional, and inter-institutional levels.

Results

The (STEM)2Network has increased the extent to which participants feel empowered to be change agents for STEM higher education reform and has increased collaboration across disciplines and institutions. Participants were motivated to join the Network to improve STEM education, to improve the transfer student experience, to collaborate with colleagues across disciplines and institutions, and because they respected the leadership team. Participants continue to engage in the Network because of the collaborations created, opportunities for professional growth, opportunities to improve STEM education, and a sense that the Network is functioning as intended.

Conclusion

The goal to increase the number and diversity of people entering STEM careers is predicated on transforming the STEM higher education system to embrace a pathways model to a STEM career. The (STEM)2Network is achieving this by empowering faculty to transform the system from the inside. While the systemic transformation of STEM higher education is challenging, the (STEM)2Network directly addresses those challenges by bridging disciplinary and institutional silos and leveraging the reward structure of the current system to support faculty as they work to transform this very system.
Financial development during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of coronavirus testing and functional labs
Authors: Anser Muhammad Khalid , Khan Muhammad Azhar , Zaman Khalid , Nassani Abdelmohsen A. , Askar Sameh E. , Abro Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi , Kabbani Ahmad
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020, known as COVID-19, spread to more than 200 countries and negatively affected the global economic output. Financial activities were primarily depressed, and investors were reluctant to start new financial investments while ongoing projects further declined due to the global lockdown to curb the disease. This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries. The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates. The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply. In contrast, an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries. The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend, while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend. Finally, the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period. The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.
First record of a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) in Sri Lankan waters
Authors: de Vos Asha
Published: January 2021

An unusual sighting of a juvenile southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), outside its typical range, was recorded off the southern coast of Sri Lanka between 20th November and 20th December 2019. The individual, a male as confirmed by the presence of a prepuce, underwent a catastrophic moult during this 1 month period, following which no further observations were recorded and so it was assumed it returned to sea. This represents the first confirmed sighting of a southern elephant seal, and indeed a phocid, in Sri Lankan waters.
Nonuniform grid upscaling method for geologic model of oil reservoir: A case study of the W block in the northern part of the Songliao Basin
Authors: Zhang Xuejuan , Zhang Lei , Wang Dandan , Lan Kuo , Zhou Xuesong , Yu Hongyu , Liu Ruhao , Lv Xueying
Published: January 2021

At present, uniform upscaling division methods are routinely used to upscale geologic model grids, resulting in overly fine grids in some areas of the model. To improve computational efficiency, we have examined the effect of model upscaling with different upscaling parameters with the goal of producing a nonuniform grid with uniform accuracy. We based our nonuniform upscaling grid method on geologic characteristics including reservoir thickness, physical properties, reservoir spacing, and water flooding. Most of the logging curves of thin reservoirs are finger-like, allowing us to define the grid size according to the reservoir thickness. We use two different strategies to discretize uniform and composite reservoirs and represent reservoir thickness that exhibit bell- and funnel-shaped logging curves. Although one grid point accurately represents a uniform reservoir, we find that composite reservoirs require four or five points to accurately represent the physical properties of a composite reservoir. For the thick reservoirs (>5 m) with box- or composite-type logging curves, the physical properties inside the reservoir do not change much; therefore, we use a grid point to represent the reservoir thickness information. Using these metrics, we constructed alternative “moderate” and “efficient” vertical grid upscaling strategies. Taking the 15 sedimentary units with a total thickness of 72 m as an example, the statistical results show that the computational efficiency using our data-adaptive grid can be increased more than five times compared to the traditional uniform fine-grid method while retaining the same accuracy.
Deepwater sedimentary bedforms in a mobile substrate terrain: Examples from the central Gulf of Mexico Basin
Authors: Prieto Maria I. , Moscardelli Lorena , Wood Lesli
Published: January 2021

We have used high-resolution geophysical data to investigate depositional and erosional bedforms in two geomorphologic provinces of the deepwater central Gulf of Mexico Basin: (1) the Mad Dog and Atlantis areas in the Sigsbee Escarpment region and (2) the Holstein minibasin within the salt canopy in the slope. Multibeam bathymetry indicates that the seafloor relief in the study areas is highly irregular because it is influenced by the dynamic behavior of underlying salt bodies resulting in the development of diverse bathymetric features. Side-scan images reveal erosional furrows of different morphologies at the base of the Sigsbee Escarpment that are oriented subparallel to the escarpment. Wide and sinuous furrows overlie mass transport deposits (MTDs), whereas, in other areas along strike, narrow rectilinear furrows are found beneath MTDs. The furrow fields in the Sigsbee Escarpment are located within a large series of erosional features that are linked to the action of westward flowing bottom currents associated with topographic Rossby waves that manage to rework sediments at water depths up to 2000 m. The interaction between the bottom current flow and the seafloor is likely influenced by the MTD’s irregular top surface relief and lateral changes in the escarpment’s morphology resulting in the development of complex sinuous furrow morphologies. North of the escarpment, subbottom profiles indicate a series of buried sediment waves found in the southern rim of the Holstein minibasin. Sediment wave morphometry indicates wavelengths ranging from 116 to 339 m and wave heights between approximately 0.8 and 2.4 m. Sediment waves were likely formed by turbidity currents as they exited the minibasin. The vertical change in topographic relief from the minibasin to the salt high led to variations in flow thickness and flow velocity of turbidity currents passing over the minibasin’s open rim. Consequently, these changes in flow regime led to the formation of sediment waves.
Geomorphometric analysis of seabed pockmarks, offshore western Niger Delta: A case study of the Freeman Field
Authors: Omeru Tuviere , Ayerume Divine , Bankole Samson , Ogbe Ovie B. , Byami Jolly A. , Obafemi Seyi , Ifarajimi Williams , Pat-Nebe Okwudili C.
Published: January 2021

The morphometry and spatial distribution of seabed pockmarks have been used as proxies for subsurface conditions and local hydrodynamics. We have characterized and analyzed the distribution of seabed pockmarks in the Freeman Field, offshore western Niger Delta using a high-resolution 3D seismic data to understand the relationships between pockmarks and their controlling factors. We identified a total of 684 pockmarks in the Freeman Field at water depths between 1461 and 2395 m. The pockmarks are circular, elliptical, and elongated in plan view, having U-, V-, and W-shaped geometries in cross-sectional view. The average length, width, and depth of the pockmarks are 210, 111, and 15 m, respectively. More than 80% of the pockmarks were randomly distributed. From statistical analysis, most of the pockmarks occurred within a water depth range of 1600–2100 m. The randomly distributed pockmarks occurred at variable water depths whereas the pockmarks that were aligned along fault planes occurred at shallow water depths (approximately 1400–1700 m). However, those confined within the canyon occurred at deeper water depths (approximately 1700–2400 m). Our results show no correlation between the water depth and any of the pockmark dimensions; therefore, we hypothesize that changes in water depth had no effect on any of the pockmark dimensions because the Freeman Field is located at water depths greater than 1000 m where the current velocity range is lower (0.2 and 0.42 m/s). Hence, pockmark dimensions were comparatively uniform throughout the study area. We suggest that the variation in pockmark morphometry is linked to seafloor currents and the activity history of the pockmarks whereas the spatial distribution is linked to structural and stratigraphic discontinuities. Furthermore, our results give insights to the factors that should be considered during risk assessment before hydrocarbon exploration and production.
Evaluation of Sustained Minimal Residual Disease Negativity With Daratumumab-Combination Regimens in Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Analysis of POLLUX and CASTOR
Authors: Avet-Loiseau Hervé , San-Miguel Jesus , Casneuf Tineke , Iida Shinsuke , Lonial Sagar , Usmani Saad Z. , Spencer Andrew , Moreau Philippe , Plesner Torben , Weisel Katja , Ukropec Jon , Chiu Christopher , Trivedi Sonali , Amin Himal , Krevvata Maria , Ramaswami Priya , Qin Xiang , Qi Mia , Sun Steven , Qi Ming , Kobos Rachel , Bahlis Nizar J.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

In relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma, daratumumab reduced the risk of progression or death by > 60% in POLLUX (daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone [D-Rd]) and CASTOR (daratumumab/bortezomib/dexamethasone [D-Vd]). Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a sensitive measure of disease control. Sustained MRD negativity and outcomes were evaluated in these studies.

METHODS

MRD was assessed via next-generation sequencing (10−5) at suspected complete response (CR), 3 and 6 months following confirmed CR (POLLUX), 6 and 12 months following the first dose (CASTOR), and every 12 months post-CR in both studies. Sustained MRD negativity (≥ 6 or ≥ 12 months) was evaluated in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and ≥ CR populations.

RESULTS

The median follow-up was 54.8 months in POLLUX and 50.2 months in CASTOR. In the ITT population, MRD-negativity rates were 32.5% versus 6.7% for D-Rd versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) and 15.1% versus 1.6% for D-Vd versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd; both P < .0001). Higher MRD negativity rates were achieved in ≥ CR patients in POLLUX (D-Rd, 57.4%; Rd, 29.2%; P = .0001) and CASTOR (D-Vd, 52.8%; Vd, 17.4%; P = .0035). More patients in the ITT population achieved sustained MRD negativity ≥ 6 months with D-Rd versus Rd (20.3% v 2.1%; P < .0001) and D-Vd versus Vd (10.4% v 1.2%; P < .0001), and ≥ 12 months with D-Rd versus Rd (16.1% v 1.4%; P < .0001) and D-Vd versus Vd (6.8% v 0%). Similar results for sustained MRD negativity were observed among ≥ CR patients. More patients in the daratumumab-containing arms achieved MRD negativity and sustained MRD negativity, which were associated with prolonged progression-free survival.

CONCLUSION

Daratumumab-based combinations induce higher rates of sustained MRD negativity versus standard of care, which are associated with durable remissions and prolonged clinical outcomes.
Phase I Study of Elacestrant (RAD1901), a Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader, in ER-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Kaklamani Virginia , Wilks Sharon , Weise Amy , Richards Donald , Harb Wael , Osborne Cynthia , Wesolowski Robert , Karuturi Meghan , Conkling Paul , Bagley Rebecca G. , Wang Yamei , Conlan Maureen G. , Kabos Peter
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

This phase I study (RAD1901-005; NCT02338349) evaluated elacestrant, an investigational oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), in heavily pretreated women with estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer, including those with estrogen receptor gene alpha ( ESR1) mutation. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D).

METHODS

The study consisted of a 3 + 3 design (elacestrant capsules) followed by expansion at RP2D (400-mg capsules, then 400-mg tablets) for the evaluation of safety and antitumor activity. Elacestrant was taken once daily until progression or intolerability.

RESULTS

Of 57 postmenopausal women enrolled, 50 received RP2D (400 mg once daily): median age, 63 years; median three prior anticancer therapies, including cyclin-dependent kinase 4,6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i; 52%), SERD (52%), and ESR1 mutation (circulating tumor DNA; 50%). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred; the most common adverse events at RP2D (400-mg tablet; n = 24) were nausea (33.3%) and increased blood triglycerides and decreased blood phosphorus (25.0% each). Most adverse events were grade 1-2 in severity. The objective response rate was 19.4% (n = 31 evaluable patients receiving RP2D), 15.0% in patients with prior SERD, 16.7% in patients with prior CDK4/6i, and 33.3% in patients with ESR1 mutation (n = 5/15). The clinical benefit rate (24-week) was 42.6% overall (n = 47 patients receiving RP2D), 56.5% (n = 23, ESR1 mutation), and 30.4% (n = 23, prior CDK4/6i). Elacestrant clinical benefit was associated with decline in ESR1 mutant allele fraction.

CONCLUSION

Elacestrant 400 mg orally once daily has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated single-agent activity with confirmed partial responses in heavily pretreated patients with estrogen receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer. Notably, responses were observed in patients with ESR1 mutation as well as those with prior CDK4/6i and prior SERD. A phase III trial investigating elacestrant versus standard endocrine therapy is ongoing.
Social Clubs and Social Networks
Authors: Fershtman Chaim , Persitz Dotan
Published: January 2021

We present a strategic network formation model based on membership in clubs. Individuals choose affiliations. The set of all memberships induces a weighted network where two individuals are directly connected if they share a club. Two individuals may also be indirectly connected using multiple memberships of third parties. Individuals gain from their position in the induced network and pay membership fees. We study the club congestion model where the weight of a link decreases with the size of the smallest shared club. A trade-off emerges between the size of clubs, the depreciation of indirect connections, and the membership fee. (JEL D71, D85, Z13)
Prediction: The Long and the Short of It
Authors: Millner Antony , Heyen Daniel
Published: January 2021

Commentators often lament forecasters’ inability to provide precise predictions of the long-run behavior of complex economic and physical systems. Yet their concerns often conflate the presence of substantial long-run uncertainty with the need for long-run predictability; short-run predictions can partially substitute for long-run predictions if decision-makers can adjust their activities over time. So what is the relative importance of short- and long-run predictability? We study this question in a model of rational dynamic adjustment to a changing environment. Even if adjustment costs, discount factors, and long-run uncertainty are large, short-run predictability can be much more important than long-run predictability. (JEL D21, D81, D83)
Hysterosalpingography findings of leiomyomas and how they look in artistic eyes: new diagnostic signs
Authors: Ahmadi Firoozeh , Hosseini Fereshteh , Javam Maryam , Pahlavan Fattaneh
Published: January 2021

Leiomyomas are benign lesions of the uterine smooth muscles that contain various amounts of fibrous connective tissue. Hystrosalpingography is not a method of diagnosing uterine fibroids, and other methods such as ultrasound and MRI are preferred, but during hystrosalpingography, especially in infertile females, uterine fibroids may be seen frequently. Leiomyomas have a wide range of appearances depending on their number, size and location. Leiomyomas may enlarge, elongate, displace, distort or rotate the uterine cavity and can be detected by such changes showing in hysterosalpingograms. These changes may be symmetric or asymmetric. Leiomyomas may result in uterine atony which can be locolized or generalized. Leiomyomas also may appear as one or multiple filling defects in different sizes which can be smooth or irregular. Some of the noted findings may create similar and frequent appearances looking like some patterns in nature and can be considered “excellent signs” for better detecting and enabling differential diagnosis. This study aims to improve the process of training on the diagnostic appearances of leiomyomas in hysterosalpingography by aligning the images with patterns found in nature that can be easily remembered by radiologists.
Το όνειρο και η επιθυμία του Άλλου: Μια λακανική ανάγνωση της ερμηνείας των ονείρων του Φρόιντ
Authors: Δημητριάδης Γιώργος
Published: January 2021

he lacanian concepts of Other’s desire as well as enjoyment (jouissance) provide an answer to questions posed by Freud himself as regards his view that dreams are a “satisfaction of a repressed wish in disguise”. Freud tried to relativize this view in several of his texts. One way to do this is the function of linking drive stimulations with the upper layers ofthe psychic organ (diagnosed by Freud clearly in 1920) which he considered more primordial to the satisfaction of wish, especially in dreams that are incited by traumatic events. Provided though, that dailyresidues (which according to Freud take part in the instigation of dreams) are anyhow of a traumatic nature – to the extent it bears something of the enigma of the Other’s desire and the enjoyment (jouissance) – the association of the two functions of dreams (linking and wish satisfaction) according to Freud is made possible. Thus the function of dreams, whether from the aspect of “linking” or that of “satisfaction”, has to do with the enigma of the Other’s desire and Other’s enjoyment and mainly with the way the dream finds through the encoding it creates with its formations (of metaphoric or metonymic nature) to provide “answer” to the enigmatic Other’s desire. This, however is an answer, which on the one hand always leaves a remainder (one would say something to be desired) and on the other hand may provide a failure as in the case of anxious dreams and even more in nightmares, in which Other’s enjoyment becomes a threat. This view has clinical consequences for the psychoanalytic act regarding dreams.
Language deficits and motor asymmetry in children with SLI
Authors: Γώγου Αναστασία , Σταυρακάκη Σταυρούλα , Γρούϊος Γιώργιος , Τσιγγίλης Νικόλαος
Published: January 2021

The present study aims at investigating whether a link between language deficits and upper and lower limb motor asymmetry can be established. We assessed language skills, handedness, and footedness in a group of 13 children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and two control groups matched on language age (LA) and chronological age(CA) respectively. Specifically, we tested the production of object wh questions, object relative clauses and sigmatic past tense production for novel non-rhyming verbs, and administered hand and foot preferencequestionnaires. While significant between group differences were found in the language tasks, as participants with SLI performed significantly below CA controls, the same level of performance was shown for hand and foot preference. Further analysis revealed no correlation between foot and hand preference for the SLI group in contrast to typically developing children. Additional regression analysis showed that the non-right foot preference could predict participation in the SLI group. These results may be indicative of poor hand-foot coordination in the SLI group and increased chance for SLI individuals to be grouped as non-right footed. We interpret these findings as showing immature motor development in SLI and pointing to a weak correlation between motor laterality and language deficits. We discuss the implications of our findings for the characterisation of the deficit in SLI.
H εμπειρία της μαστεκτομής: Στίγμα και μεταβολές στην ενσώματη ταυτότητα
Authors: Αυδή Ευρυνόμη , Ζηλιασκοπούλου Δέσποινα , Ρούσση Παγώνα
Published: January 2021

Breast cancer and its treatment have significant effects on a bodily, psychological and social level. Although there are many studies of breast cancer and its effects on women’s lives, the research literature that examines the experience of mastectomy and the meaning that women themselves attribute to it is relatively limited. This paper exploresthe experience of mastectomy in relation to social representations regarding femininity and health, which provide the context for and affect the personal meaning attributed to the experience, as well as women’sdecisions regarding treatment. The findings of a phenomenological study, based on interviews with eight women that had undergone mastectomy for breast cancer, are presented. The analysis focuses on aphenomenological description of the experience of mastectomy, whilst taking into account the fact that the female breast has particularly strong connotations of femininity, sexuality and motherhood, that is,important aspects of women’s identity. It seems that a central aspect of women’s experience of mastectomy is a sense that they are somehow ‘different’ and this sense is associated with a stigmatised identity. The ways in which women seem to manage the double stigma, associated with the identity of a cancer patient and with that of a ‘deficient’ woman, are further discussed in the paper.
«Αν ήμουν άνεργη και δεν ήμουν παντρεμένη, θα ήμουν ένα τίποτα…»: Έμφυλες διαπραγματεύσεις της ανεργίας
Authors: Τάζογλου Ευανθία , Δεληγιάννη - Κουϊμτζή Βασιλική
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the ways in which unemployed married women talk about and justify their unemployment status in relation to the construction of gendered identities. It focuses on the analysis of the “interpretative repertories” which women use and their consequences on the negotiation of their female identity within the particular family and work framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the analysis was based on the principles of discourse analysis within the framework of feminist perspectives. It was found that women construct and arrange their occupational practices and choices relying primarily on traditional beliefs and assumptions about female participation in the labour market. Gender and marital status are used in order to justifyunemployment since the later is being described as a “natural” situation, especially for married women. Participants construct a context where there are no supportive mechanisms for married unemployed womenand their needs for employment are not taken into serious consideration. Findings further show that married women are confronted with personal conflicts as well as stereotypical socio-cultural expectations and constructions of female unemployment. Within this context, they seem to finally accept the dominant discourses about the traditional gendered division of work and family roles.
Συναισθηματική διάθεση, αναπαραστάσεις και τρόποι διαχείρισης της ασθένειας, και υποκειμενική υγεία σε χρόνιους ασθενείς
Authors: Χ. Καραδήμας Ευάγγελος , Μουρίκη Δήμητρα , Σωτήρχου Σταματίνα , Τζάκου Δήμητρα , Γιαννάκη Μαρία
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present study was to examine the relation of general affect to chronic patients’ illness representations, coping strategies and subjective health. Positive and negative affect was used as indicators of the typical personal responses to environmental stimuli. Patients suffering from a cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus-II, or rheumatoid arthritis (N=137; 53 males, 84 females) participated in the study, which was conducted in two phases with a two-month time interval. According to the findings, general affect is related to subjective health, even after controlling for illness-related variables. Moreover, the emotional representations of illness and the illness problem-solving coping strategies mediated the relation of positive and negative affect to both physical and psychological health. These findings are important for theory and clinical practice as they may help us better understand the complex relationships between the illness experience and the broader personal and social context. At the same time, they suggest that an intervention plan aiming at both the problem- and the contextrelatedfactors could be more efficient in helping chronic patients, than aiming solely at either the context or the problem.
Σημείωμα Επιμελητριών
Authors: Παπαδάτου-Παστού Μαριέττα , Γιακουμάκη Στέλλα
Published: January 2021

No abstract available
Maternal lipid levels in pregnant women without complications in developing risk of large for gestational age newborns: a study of meta-analysis
Authors: Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Sutowo Putri Apriska Mega
Published: January 2021

Background: Circulating into foetal circulation across the placental barrier, abnormal maternal serum lipids predispose neonates to metabolic dysfunction and thereafter affect the steroid metabolism and functions of extra-embryonic foetal tissues.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed–MEDLINE and the Cochrane library between January 2010 and January 2020. The included studies were English case control studies that described original data on at least one raw lipid measurement during pregnancy in healthy women who delivered large for gestational age (LGA) newborns and in healthy women with non-LGA newborns. The data extracted from 12 studies were pooled, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) in lipid levels was calculated using random effects models. A meta-analysis was performed to identify sources of heterogeneity and to describe the significant value of the collected studies.

Results: Of 649 published articles identified, a total of 12 met the inclusion criteria. Compared with women who had non-LGA newborns, those who had LGA newborns had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.54) and lower high density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = 0.08, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03), but not have significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were inconsistent between both groups.

Conclusions: High levels of TG and low levels of HDL-C could cause births of LGA newborns whereas maternal serum of TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C cannot be used as predictor of LGA.
Reasons for application of dietary supplements in fitness
Authors: Turjaka Arbëresha , Ameti Vullnet , Turjaka Bujar , Memishi Shpresa
Published: January 2021

In addition to reducing physical activity, we have a significant increase in living standards, which also increases the risk of developing overweight. Therefore, fitness as a physical activity, as a tool in terms of movement therapy, is increasingly finding application in contemporary life. With the increase of interest for fitness there is also the interest for the use of dietary supplements among the population which performing fitness.The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of use of dietary supplements in people who exercise in fitness centers, what are the reasons for their use and the types of supplements used by them. The Hi-square (x2) test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies. The results obtained show that the majority of respondents use supplements (78%), and that the source of information about the use of supplements in fitness is the fitness instructor with 56%.Among the reasons for applying supplements in fitness is the reduction of fat mass by 70%, weight loss by 70% and replacement of food deficiencies 46%. The most used supplements are Casein (protein) with 58%, L-carnitine / body attack (weight loss) with 34%, Fish oil omega 3 with 30%, Hydraxycut - elite (weight loss) with 26%.It has been proven that with the increase of interest of female persons for fitness, their interest for the use of dietary supplements has also increased.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program of independent preventive and health-enhancing exercise classes for middle-aged overweight women
Authors: Andrieieva Olena , Nahorna Anastasiia
Published: January 2021

The paper addresses the effects of independent preventive and health-enhancing exercise classes on the indicators of morphological status in middle-aged overweight women. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of independent preventive and health-enhancing exercise classes on the indicators of morphological status in middle-aged overweight women. Methods. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodological literature; anthropometric and pedagogical methods; and the methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 62 middle-aged women with an average age of 38.5 years. The duration of the transformative pedagogical experiment was nine months. Results of the study. During the pedagogical experiment, significant changes occurred in the morpho-functional status of the women. The most significant changes occurred in the following indicators: waist circumference decreased by 18.4% (p
A review of personality research in sport
Authors: Piepiora Paweł
Published: January 2021

Background and aim. The significant role of personality in sport is often emphasized. The purpose of this article is to review the research in sport psychology that has contributed to the understanding of relationships and potential avenues for research into personality traits in sport.

Matherial and method. The collected material consisted only of the works of sports psychologists available in Poland. The method of source materials analysis was used. Analysis with deductive reasoning and synthesis with inductive reasoning were used.

Results. The results of research on: the relationship between personality and sports discipline, the role of personality in combat, individual and team sports, the influence of personality on sports performance and motor skills, accidental studies of personality in sports and health psychology, developmental psychology, dietetics, and gender are presented.

Conclusions. Physical and sports activity affects the personality of people who train. Personality traits relate to long-term sport success, interpersonal relationships, and mental states of athletes before, during and after competition. In addition, they refer to the use of leisure time, strength and mobility in old age, and unhealthy, addictive physical behavior.