bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus Carriers Among School Children:
Authors: MOZZICONACCI P. , GERBEAUX CL. , CARAVANO R. , GERBEAUX S. , LABONDE J. , RAHMAN S. , RABCYNSKA F. , ORSSAUD E. , VIROLLEAU P.
Published: January 2008

In the course of a study pursued for 2 consecutive years in normal children of a suburban public school of the Paris area, the following findings were noted: (1) when the technique used was sufficiently sensitive, the rate of healthy carriers was relatively high: 16.7%on an average, with a range of 6.7%to 30%. (2) this percentage seemed to present variations during the course of the year which are perhaps due to a seasonal factor. (3) the cumulative percentage was such that at the end of two years more than one subject in two was found, to have been a carrier of hemolytic streptococci a t least once. (4) there was no correlation between the rate of carriers and the development of clinical infections (septic sore throat, scarlet fever). (5) the subjects fell into 4 groups: refractory subjects, occasional carriers, prolonged carriers of the same strain, prolonged carriers of different strains. (6) a “prolonged carrier”) factor was found to exist statistically, i.e. certain subjects were particularly receptive to the Group A hemolytic streptococcus, or conversely, certain subjects were refractory. (7) within the scope of our study this factor was found together with various to, her independent correlations. Of these, the correlations with the presence of tonsils and with bad conditions of hygiene (absence of running water in the child's home) were hardly surprising; that with a genetic factor (dark iris) was more unexpected, but has been established on equally as sound a basis.
Annular Pancreas
Authors: KIE A. TJON SIEN , WITTEBOL P. , LUNDING J.
Published: January 2008

A description of two cases of annular pancreas in infants, which gave rise to complete obstruction of the duodenum is presented. Based on the literature and personal experience, the symptomatology, aetiology and therapy are discussed in detail.
Aortic Thrombosis and Aortic Medionecrosis in an Infant
Authors: MOBERG ANDERS
Published: January 2008

In the literature 24 cases of aortic thrombosis in children have been described of which 11 patients have been less than 3 weeks old. A case is described with a large thrombus in the abdominal aorta of a 16 day old boy. Thrombi were also discovered in the ductus arteriosus, the umbilical artery, the left ventricle and the left auricle. Histological examination of the aortic wall revealed changes of the type that are usually seen in aortic medionecrosis. It is presumed that in accordance with similar cases of aortic medionecrosis the thrombosis and the medionecrosis are directly connected. The etiology is discussed. This case, like a few previously published cases of aortic medionecrosis in the neonatal period, indicates that the disease is of a congenital origin.
Sensitivity of Listeria Monocytogenes in vitro to Different Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics
Authors: NYSTRÖM K. G. , KARLSSON K.‐A.
Published: January 2008

The sensitivity of 14 antibiotics and chemotherapeutics to 86 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from 15 animal species was studied by means of an agar diffusion technique. The tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetra‐cycline), erythromycin and streptomycin proved to be clearly superior to other antibiotics tested in vitro.

No difference in resistance was found referable to the species of animal from which the strains emanated.
The Vitamin B1, B2 and C Content in Urine of Premature and Fullterm Newborn Infants
Authors: DAHL M. , MARKKANEN T. , VANHA‐PERTTULA T.
Published: January 2008

The daily excretion of vitamins B1, B2, and C was studied in 24 newborn full‐term infants during the three first days of life, and in 15 premature infants on three successive days of treatment. No correlation was observed between the mothers' state of health during pregnancy, the number of previous births and the presence of certain diseases, with the daily excretion of vitamin B1, B2 and C in the urine of newborn full‐term infants.
Hereditary Renal Dysplasia and Blindness
Authors: LØKEN AAGOT CHRISTIE , HANSSEN ODD , HALVORSEN SVERRE , JØLSTER NIELS JOHAN
Published: January 2008

Two siblings, a boy and a girl, with congenital blindness died at 8 and 9 years of age from renal failure. Autopsy was performed in one case. The kidneys showed evidence of dysplasia and of pyelonephritis. Earlier suggestions that renal dysplasia might be the primary cause in cases of chronic pyelonephritis in children are supported. Examination of the eyes indicated a congential defect, retinal aplasia.
Respiratory Studies in Children
Authors: GEUBELLE F. , RUDDER P. DE
Published: January 2008

The functional residual capacity (VFRc) was measured in ten normal adults and 23 normal children (11 girls and 12 boys), ranging in age from 6‐15 years by a closed circuit method with helium as the test gas. Three assays, with some hours' to severa1 days' interval, have shown a day‐to‐day variation of about ±6% in the three groups (±7.5% for the adults, ±3.7% for the boys and ±5.8% for the girls).
Clinodactyly and Brachymesophalangia of the Fifth Finger
Authors: ROCHE A. F.
Published: January 2008

1. Serial radiographs of the hands of 192 mongoloid and 120 normal children extending over four years have been used to investigate the frequency of clinodactyly and brachymesophalangia in the fifth finger and their changes during growth.

2. The incidence of clinodactyly in the mongoloid children was similar to that recorded in the literature but the incidence in the normal children was higher than that recorded previously. Clinodactyly with a middle phalanx of the usual length occurred with almost equal frequency in both mongoloid and normal children. There was a marked difference between the two groups of children in the incidence of clinodactyly associated with brachymesophalangia.

3. It is suggested that brachymesophalangia is a more important physical sign mongolism than clinodactyly. Considering children under the age of 8 years, it was present in 25.0%of the mongoloid group and 3.3%of the normal group and was almost always associated with clinodactyly.

4. The incidence of clinodactyly did not vary with age but brachymesophalangh was slightly less common among older mongoloids.
Successful Resuscitation of Two Immature Infants with Cardiac Arrest During Exchange Transfusion
Authors: WALLGREN GÖRAN , OKMIAN LUDVIG
Published: January 2008

Two instances of asystolic cardiac arrest in immature infants during exchange transfusions are reported. In both cases the collapse came as an unexpected complication at the end of the transfusion. When extrathoracic manipulations to restore spontaneous heart action had been unsuccessfully performed for one and two minutes respectively, thoracotomy was performed and cardiac massage instituted. Spontaneous heart action started in one case shortly after manual compressions three months respectively. Methods to institute cardiac action are discussed and it is stressed that thoracotomy and cardiac massage are comparatively easy procedures not contraindicated by the small size of these infants. The use of continuous ECG control during exchange transfusion is recommended.
Ley dig Cell Tumour of the Testis in a 63 Year Old Boy
Authors: MOE PETER JOHAN , IVERSEN OLAV HILMAR
Published: January 2008

A case of Leydig cell tumour in a 6 ½ year‐old boy is presented. The need for more elaborate methods for the biochemical separation of Leydig cell tumour from aberrant adreno‐cortical tissue is stressed. Normal urinary output of Preganetriol and a lack of increase of the 17‐beta‐ketosteroids in the urine in a patient with a tumour in one of the testes serve to exclude the possibility of an adreno‐cortical disorder.
The Adrenocortical Function in Children Preliminary Report
Authors: SALMI Toivo , PEKKARINEN AIMO , HEIKKILÅ. SAARA
Published: January 2008

The basal excretion of total 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids has been studied in urine altogether in 141 children from infants to 15 years of age and the adrenocortical reserve during a 2 days intramuscular ACTH‐test of 0.55 units of depot‐ACTH (Acton prolongatum. Nordiska Hormonlaboratoriet, Malmo) per kilogram of body weight twice daily in 63 children.

During the first and second days of life 1.0–1.1 mg of 17‐OHCS are excreted. The basal excretion diminishes during the first month and increases during the first year. At the age of 4–6 years it is 3.7 mg. At the age of 7–10 years the basal excretion can reach the level of adults, 5 mg.

The excretion of 17‐OHCS of ACTH‐days during the first month is almost three to four times and at the age of 1–4 years two to three times the basal excretion. The adrenocortical reserve in children increases with the age remarkably clearly as early as in the 4–6 year old children and approximately follows the length curve of children. In the group of 4–6 years the average excretion is during the first ACTH‐day 8.6 mg and the second ACTH‐day 14.1 mg, clearly bigger than in the previous group. At the age of 7–10 years it is during the first ACTH‐day 10.7 mg and during the second ACTH‐day 12.7 mg and in the 11–15 year old children 14.5 mg and 13.4 mg respectively. Per kilogram of body weight the basal excretion has been higher in children than in adults.
The Effect of Intramuscular Iron‐dextran Complex1 on Iron‐deficiency Anaemia in Otherwise Ill Infants and Pre‐school Children
Authors: LANZKOWSKY PHILIP
Published: January 2008

1. One hundred and twenty‐five ill infants and children who were found to have iron‐deficiency anaemia were treated with intramuscular iron‐dextran complex with doses varying from 100 to 400 mg, concurrent with treatment for the presenting illness.

2. The mean haemoglobin levels before treatment ranged from 8.91 g% to 9.61 g% in the various age groups; at 3 weeks after the injection of iron the mean haemoglobin levels were found to range between 10.12 g% and 10.80 g% and at 6 weeks after injection the mean haemoglobin levels had risen further to range between 10.75 g% and 12.0 g%. There was thus an approximate general rise of 2 g% of haemoglobin in 6 weeks. Clinically the beneficial effects were quite striking, and occurred often within days.

3. The results of this investigation indicate that intramuscular iron‐dextran complex can significantly raise the haemoglobin level in infants and children who have iron‐deficiency anaemia with a variety of associated illnesses, of all degrees of severity, and of largely undetermined duration. In addition, iron‐dextran complex was found to be safe and easy to administer.

4. The factors influencing rate of recovery from iron‐deficiency anaemia after intramuscular iron‐dextran complex, the theoretical dangers of iron overload and the possible production of sarcomata in iron‐injected tissue are discussed.
Sensitivity of Listeria Monocytogenes in vitro to Different Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics
Authors: NYSTRÖM K. G. , KARLSSON K.‐A.
Published: January 2008

The sensitivity of 14 antibiotics and chemotherapeutics to 86 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from 15 animal species was studied by means of an agar diffusion technique. The tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline), erythromycin and streptomycin proved to be clearly superior to other antibiotics tested in vitro.

No difference in resistance was found referable to the species of animal from which the strains emanated.
Bone Marrow Aplasia in Childhood Leukaemia
Authors: GLÜCK ERNEST , LAMVIK JON
Published: January 2008

Six of 21 children with blast cell leultaemia were found at post‐mortem to have a hypoplastic or aplastic bone marrow. Leukaemic infiltrations were found in the organs of all the cases with a hyperplastic marrow, but were present in only one of the cases in the aplastic group and are limited to the meninges. The cause of aplasia of the bone marrow in leukaemis is discussed, particularly with regard to the possible influence of the folic acid antagonists. In two of the cases the bone marrow biopsies were indicative of an aplastic course from the start. The treatment in these cases seems to have reduced the activity of the bone marrow still further. In one case the aplasia developed during prolonged treatment with folic acid antagonists; a causal relationship is, however, uncertain. In the remaining three cases there was a haematological response after treatment with folic acid antagonists. At autopsy changes that could have been due to lack of folic acid were found in the organs.
Chromosomal Abnormality in a Mongolism‐Like Syndrome1
Authors: BÖÖK J. A. , GUSTAVSON K.‐H. , SANTESSON BERTA
Published: January 2008

The cytogenetical and clinical observations of a 4 year old girl with a mongolism‐like syndrome are reported. The patient showed a moderate mental and physical retardation. Some signs and symptoms considered characteristic of mongolism were present. Others, such as the dermal patterns of hands and feet, rather contradict this diagnosis. In addition the patient had a bilateral dislocation of the hips and unspecific signs of retinal degeneration. There were no signs of abnormal sexual development.

Chromosome studies based on cell cultures derived from bone marrow and skin biopsies revealed a chromosome number of 46 and a consistent karyotype pattern which was interpreted as a combination of trisomy for chromosome no. 21 and mono‐somy for no. 16, or alternatively as a translocation between the short arms of 16/21. Typical sex chromatin was present in 50–60% of the interphase nuclei. Both parents had apparently normal karyotypes and were free from signs or symptoms of significant disease.

This patient represents a new genetical disease entity and clinically a variant of the common trisomic type of mongolism.
Premature Synostosis in the Sternum (Silverman's Disease)
Authors: BRÜNNER S.
Published: January 2008

A case of a rare sternal anomaly, premature synostosis, is reported, characterised by premature obliteration of the sutures between the sternal segments. The clinical and roentgenologic findings are discussed.
Serial Blood‐Gas Tensions and Acid‐Base Balance during the First Hour of Life in Human Infants1
Authors: OLIVER T. K. , DEMIS J. A. , BATES G. D.
Published: January 2008

1. Serial determinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide tension, pH, CO2 content, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, total protein and hematocrit beginning within 5 minutes of birth and continuing through the first hour have been performed in newborn infants.

2. The data support the concept that the delivery process is invariably asphyxiating whether delivery is vaginal or by cesarian section. Furthermore, the major recovery occurs within 10 minutes of delivery in healthy infants.

3. Arterial oxygen tension was reduced throughout the entire period. Even though the mean arterial oxyhemoglobin satura tion was within normal limits at one hour of age the mean oxygen tension remained low. The interpretation of these findings is discussed.

4. The administration of high oxygen concentration to the mothers for periods up to 30 minutes failed to effect the infants' PaO2.

5. Evidence is presented for a right to left shunt through the ductus arteriosus when the newborn is quiet as well as crying.

6. Serum potassium concentration was found to be considerably elevated in all infants. The mechanisms for this are discussed.

7. Differences in acid‐base balance, serum protein concentration and packed cell volume between infants delivered vaginally and by cesarian section were noted. The explanation of these differences is not known.
Clinodactyly and Brachymesophalangia of the Fifth Finger
Authors: ROCHE A. F.
Published: January 2008

1. Serial radiographs of the hands of 192 mongoloid and 120 normal children extending over four years have been used to investigate the frequency of clinodactyly and brachymesophalangia in the fifth finger and their changes during growth.

2. The incidence of clinodactyly in the mongoloid children was similar to that recorded in the literature but the incidence in the normal children was higher than that recorded previously. Clinodactyly with a middle phalanx of the usual length occurred with almost equal frequency in both mongoloid and normal children. There was a marked difference between the two groups of children in the incidence of clinodactyly associated with brachymesophalangia.

3. It is suggested that brachymesophalangia is a more important physical sign of mongolism than clinodactyly. Considering children under the age of 8 years, it was present in 25.0% of the mongoloid group and 3.3% of the normal group and was almost always associated with clinodactyly.

4. The incidence of clinodactyly did not vary with age but brachymesophalangis was slightly less common among older mongoloids.
Leydig Cell Tumour of the Testis in a 61/2 Year Old Boy
Authors: MOE PETER JOHAN , IVERSEN OLAV HILMAR
Published: January 2008

A case of Leydig cell tumour in a 61/2‐year‐old boy is presented. The need for more elaborate methods for the biochemi‐cal separation of Leydig cell tumour from aberrant adreno‐cortical tissue is stressed. Normal urinary output of Pregnanetriol and a lack of increase of the 17‐beta‐ketosteroids in the urine in a patient with a tumour in one of the testes serve to exclude the possibility of an adreno‐cortical disorder.
Gamma Globulin against Rubella in Pregnancy: II. Manifest Maternal Rubella in Early Pregnancy Treated with Convalescent Gamma Globulin: a Follow‐Up Study
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM ROLF , THORÉN CLAES , BLOMQUIST BERNT
Published: January 2008

Rubella convalescent gamma globulin was given to 28 women with rubella in early pregnancy. Of those treated in the first trimester, pregnancy terminated in foetal death in 32% and 11 of 21 offspring survived. At the age of 34 years, four of the 21 survivors showed abnormalities belonging to the rubella syndrome. Administration of antibodies to women with manifest rubella in early pregnancy did not succeed in preventing foetal damage.
Immune Electrophoretic Studies of Bovine Milk and Milk Products
Authors: HANSON LARS Å. , MÅNSSON I.
Published: January 2008

With immune electrophoretic analysis a descriptive and illustrative picture is obtained of the changes of the milk proteins due to heat. It is apparent that casein resists a temperature of 120°C and that a‐lactalbumin and β‐lacto‐globulin are still antigenic after heating to 100°C for at least 15 minutes, whereas the major immune globulin component as well as a few other proteins are destroyed after heating to 70–80°C for 15 minutes (Tables 1 and 2). The investigation concerns colostrum, mature milk, milk pasteurized by various methods, dried milk, some commercial baby food products and a sample of a milk product advertized as non‐allergenic. The possible application of the reported results to the study of cow milk allergies is discussed.
EEG studies on cases of juvenile diabetes mellitus of long duration
Authors: HERRLIN KARL‐MAGNUS , KARLSSON BENOT , STERKY GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

EEG studies on 80 patients 16–38 years of age with juvenile diabetes of more than 15 years duration showed pathological EEGs in 31 per cent, borderline findings in 29 per cent and normal EEGs in 40 per cent of the cases. Pathological EEGs were more common in women than in men. No correlation was found between abnormal EEG findings and other factors such as age at onset, age at the time of study, duration of diabetes, blood sugar level at EEG examination, serum lipid values, degree of diabetic control or appearance of angiopathy. The results of the investigation are in agreement with the hypothesis that EEG abnormality in diabetic patients might be due to constitutional factors.
Dental Development in Children Following Maternal Rubella
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM ROLF , LYSELL LENNART , BERGHAGEN NILS
Published: January 2008

In a country‐wide prospective study of children aged one to three years with histories of maternal rubella born 1951‐52 it was found that 550 children of women with rubella in the first four months of pregnancy had an average of 0.6 teeth less than 429 children with maternal rubella in the fifth and following months and 639 matched controls. The difference was more marked in the children aged approx. 15 months and independent of birth weight, height at birth and size of head circumference at examination. No significant differences were stated in 88 children, belonging to the above‐mentioned series and examined at nearly 5 years of age, regarding the eruption of the first deciduous tooth, incidence of caries, malocclusion, and the gingival. Hypoplasia of enamel or aplasia of teeth wag not found, neither among the rubella children nor the controls.
Penicillin Versus Tetracycline in the Treatment of Childhood Osteomyelitis
Authors: CULLEN C. H. , HARGADON E. J.
Published: January 2008

Fifty‐eight children with acute haema‐togenous osteomyelitis have been studied. The incidence of infection by penicillin‐resistant organisms was found to be 54.5 % in 33 cases in which an organism was recovered. Tetracycline has been found to be more effective than penicillin in the primary treatment of this condition.
Development of Paraplegia after Breech Presentation
Authors: MELCHIOR J. C. , TYGSTRUP I.
Published: January 2008

A case history of a boy born in breech presentation is reported together with the autopsy findings. In this case parturition had been uncomplicated. Throughout his seven months of life the boy had been marked by hypotonia of the lower extremities and of respiratory insufficiency. At autopsy a closed, almost transversal lesion of the cervical spinal cord was demonstrated, including progressive, degenerative processes and minor cortical injuries, all of which have probably developed simultaneously. The great value of a pathological‐anatomical examination of the spinal cord is emphasized.
Polymyositis in Childhood A Case Report
Authors: KRYGER JØRGEN , ROSSEL IB
Published: January 2008

A case of polymyositis in a 7‐year‐old girl, verified by electromyography and biopsy, is described. The difference between dermatomyositis and polymyositis is discussed. According to the literature, polymyositis appears to have a better prognosis. In the case reported, steroids were beneficial. This treatment is discussed
Intragastric Oxygen and Resuscitation of the Newborn1
Authors: JAMES L. S. , APGAR V. A. , BURNARD E. D. , MOYA F.
Published: January 2008

The absorption of oxygen from the gastro‐intestinal tract was studied in nine asphyxiated and 20 normal infants. There was no evidence of transfer of detectable amounts of oxygen from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic blood in the asphyxiated group when absorption from the lungs was pathologically impaired or prevented by occlusion of an endotracheal tube. High oxygen levels were promptly achieved when pulmonary ventilation was instituted. Relatively high levels of oxygen in the portal venous blood of normal infants breathing room air could not be attributed to added absorption from the gut since similar values were seen when intragastric nitrous oxide was given.

The technique of administering gas into the stomach is not a benign procedure and carries definite dangers. It cannot be considered of any value for resuscitation, nor as an additional source of oxygen for the sick infant.
Ectopic Liver in Omphalocele
Authors: FOCK GUSTAF
Published: January 2008

Two newborn infants are described, both of whom had a slight omphalocelic anomaly. In both an ectopic lobe was completely detached from the liver itself and located outside the abdominal cavity. In the first case the hepatic lobe had apparently become detached at an early embryonal stage, since the histological picture of the liver was extremely primitive. In the second case the hepatic lobe was perhaps detached in a late intrauterine stage, as its histological picture was characteristic of the mature liver.
Ductus Omphaloentericus et Urachus Persistens
Authors: MOUTZOURIS CHR. , WIELANDT J.
Published: January 2008

A case of patent omphaloenteric duct in a 4 months old male infant and one with simultaneous patency of the omphaloenteric and allantoic duct in a 15 days old male infant are reported. The latter is probably the sixth case published. Based on the literature the symptomatology, differential diagnosis, complications and treatment are discussed.
Congestive Heart Failure in Infancy due to Hypothyroidism
Authors: NAJJAR SAMIR S. , NASSIF SAMI I.
Published: January 2008

Cardiac decompensation as a presenting symptom in hypothyroidism has been described in a premature infant. The cardiac symptoms and abnormal electrocardiographic changes disappeared on thyroid therapy. The incidence and pathogenesis of the so‐called myxedematous heart has been reviewed.
Aetiology and Diagnosis of Fermentative Diarrhoeas
Authors: WEIJERS H. A. , KAMER J. H. VAN DE
Published: January 2008

Various causes for the development of a fermentative diarrhoea are discussed. The lactic acid content of faeces, which can be determined simply and rapidly, proved to be a reliable criterion for the presence of each form of intestinal fermentation. To diagnose fermentation, lactic acid determination is far preferable to the determination of the pH of the faeces alone, their gas‐forming capacity determined according to Schmidt‐Strassburger, their total content of volatile fatty acids estimated according to Goiffon‐Nepveux or to a bacteriological analysis of the faecal flora.

For breastfed children, normal artificially fed children and for children suffering from a fermentative dyspepsia, the excretion with the faeces of lactic acid and of the different low molecular volatile fatty acids is compared and evaluated expressed per 100 g of faeces as well as per 24 hours.
Hereditary Hypoplastic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: SEIP MARTIN
Published: January 2008

Three patients, a mother and two sons, suffering from thrombocytopenic purpura due to deficient production of blood platelets are presented. The disease is thought to be of genetic origin and is called hereditary hypoplastic thrombocytopenia.

The number of megacaryocytes was normal or most often moderately increased in the bone marrow, but signs of active platelet production were scarce. The platelet survival determined by means of radiochromium was found to be normal. Platelet antibodies could not be demonstrated (only one of the cases studied). Treatment with corticosteroids or with a combination of anabolic steroids and corticosteroids seemed to be ineffective. In one of the cases splenectomy was performed. A transient normalization of the platelet count was obtained, but the bleeding tendency soon recurred and the patient died, possibly from a pneumococcal infection. In one of the patients certain concomitant malformations were present (bilateral aplasia of the twelfth rib, mild hydronephrosis on the right side). The condition can be regarded as a subgroup of the congenital hypoplastic thrombocytopenia.
The White Blood Cell Count and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Pertussis
Authors: LAGERGREN JAN
Published: January 2008

The white blood cell count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were studied in 180 hospital patients with a clear‐cut diagnosis of pertussis. In children below 6 months, the white blood cell picture favoured a diagnosis of pertussis in only one out of every four or five cases during the first 3 weeks of the disease, but not later. In children over 6 months, absolute leucocytosis and lymphocytosis were noted in the majority during the first 2 weeks of the disease (leucocytosis in 63 % and lymphocytosis in 71 %). During the third and fourth weeks changes in the white cells supported the diagnosis of pertussis in 80% and 50%, respectively. Marked leucocytosis (more than 50,000 leucocytes per mm3. of blood) was noted in 8 cases. I n uncomplicated pertussis the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually normal or subnormal and does not appear to vary with the patient's age or the week of the disease.
A Case of Giant Hemangioma with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: PREE MARJA J. DE
Published: January 2008

Description of a case of large hemangioma with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and anemia, reacting well to X‐ray treatment. Forty‐nine cases from the literature are reviewed. These show‐great variation in the localisation and histological findings, clinical course and type of treatment. This disease should not be regarded as harmless in view of the possibility of serious hemorrhages and the not negligible chance of underlying malignancy. An acceptable concept, combining regression of the tumor and simultaneous increase in platelet count, is not known. Until now, radiation treatment and surgical removal of the tumor have been the only successful methods of treatment. Where possible, surgical treatment is to be preferred, since high doses of radiation seem to be required and relapses may follow. In some cases spontaneous regression appears to occur. Fibrinogenopenia of not fully understood etiology has been noted in some cases.
A Study of Specific E. Coli Infections Occurring in a Unit for Surgical Neonates
Authors: LAPATSANIS PETER D. , IRVING IRENE M.
Published: January 2008

During a 2½ year period 14.6 % of 367 infants who had been subjected to surgery in the neo‐natal period excreted pathogenic E. eoli. Forty‐one per cent of the infected infants developed gastroenteritis; 59 % were symptomless excretors. The highest incidence of infection occurred in infants suffering from Hirschsprung's disease and high rectal atresia. Symptomless excretors were more liable to bacteriological relapse after antibiotic treatment than were infants with gastro‐enteritis.
Physical Work Capacity in Diabetic Schoolchildren
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

The heart rate at fixed work loads for 129 diabetic schoolchildren in Stockholm and matched controls was determined and evaluations with respect to the subjects' body weight were made.

Diabetic boys were significantly shorter and weighed less than the corresponding non‐diabetics. Teenage diabetic girls were heavier than the controls. After puberty diabetic boys and girls had a higher heart rate than the controls during the standard exercise tests. In this respect the diabetics and the controls in the prepuberal ages did not deviate from one another.

On the basis of the observations in this investigation and of other studies from this department it is concluded that the reason for the inferior physical work capacity of the diabetics may probably be explained by inadequate training.
Blood Lipids in Diabetic and Non‐Diabetic Schoolchildren
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN , LARSSON YNGVE , PERSSON BENGT
Published: January 2008

The fasting blood levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, glycerides and free fatty acids (79 cases only) were determined in a group of 7–20‐ year‐old school children, consisting of 137 diabetics and 121 matched non‐diabetic controls.

Age and sex were without significant influence on any of the lipid compounds. Although only‐ a few cases of hyperlipaemia were observed, the mean values for all lipids were relatively higher for the diabetic than for the non‐diabetic group (Fig. 1). The differences were highly significant for phospholipids and free fatty acids, probably significant for cholesterol, but not significant for glycerides.

No correlation was found between lipid levels and the age at onset of diabetes, the duration of the disease or the degree of diabetic control. In a few patients with diabetic angiopathy of moderate severity the lipid values did not deviate from those of the uncomplicated cases.

When comparing the results with the findings in adult subjects, an increase in blood lipids seems to occur after the end of the adolescent period in both diabetic and non‐diabetic cases. The results are discussed with regard to some known and postulated factors influencing the blood level and metabolism of lipids in the normal and the diabetic population.
Salicylate‐Induced Malformations in Mouse Embryos1
Authors: LARSSON K. SUNE , BOSTRÖM HARRY , ERICSON BIRGITTA
Published: January 2008

A single intramuscular injection of 10 mg of sodium salicylate was administered to pregnant mice of the A/Jax strain on one of the 7th to 13th days of gestation. A preliminary report is given of the gross anomalies observed in dissected‐out 18–day embryos. They consisted of severe disturbances in skeletal and vascular development. The embryos seemed to be most sensitive to injection given on the 12th and 13th days of gestation.

The possible relation is discussed between development of these anomalies and inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis by salicylates.
Hypothermia Induced during Asphyxiation Its Effects on Survival Rate, Learning and Maintenance of the Conditioned Response in Rats1
Authors: WESTIN BJÖRN , MILLER JAMES A. , BOLES ANN
Published: January 2008

The effects of hypothermia, induced during asphyxia, on survival and on learning and maintenance of a conditioned avoidance response was studied in 4‐week‐old male rats of the Holtzman albino strain.

All animals were asphyxiated in the same gas mixture, consisting of 4% 02, 5 % CO2 and 91 % N2. The mean time of last gasp in this gas mixture, determined in 50 normothermic controls, was 7.40 minutes. No normothermic animal recovered when left at room temperature to recover unaided after the final gasp.

One hundred rats were asphyxiated for 8.02 minutes. During the last 5 minutes of the exposure to the gas mixture the animals were cooled in ice water. After this treatment 100 % of 100 hypothermic rats recovered spontaneously.

Fifty of the hypothermic rats learned a conditioned avoidance response 24 hours before asphyxiation and were tested again for performance and latency 24 hours after asphyxia. In these, accuracy in performance and latency of the conditioned response were maintained.

The remaining 50 hypothermic rats were subjected to the same learning test 24 hours after asphyxiation of the hypothermic rats learned a conditioned avoidance response 24 hours before asphyxiation and were tested again for performance and latency 24 hours after asphyxia. In these, accuracy in performance and latency of the conditioned response. In these the average time to learn and the latency of the conditioned response were slightly prolonged, although the behavior pattern during the learning and the accuracy of performance did not differ from normal controls. However, these effects were seen only in the animals who cooled minimally during the experiment (lowest temperatures 36° to 32°C); the latency and response times of those which cooled more effectively (lowest temperatures 31°to 25°C) were indistinguishable from controls. Six days after asphyxiation all hypothermic animals maintained a normal performance of the conditioned response, suggesting that the observed impairment in the learning animals was of a transient nature.

The present results were discussed in relation to the problem of neonatal asphyxia.
III. Disappearance from Plasma and Red‐Cell Uptake of Radio‐Active Iron Injected Intravenously1
Authors: GARBY LARS , SJÖLIN STIG , VUILLE JEAN‐CLAUDE
Published: January 2008

The behaviour of intravenously injected radioiron in the plasma and its subsequent appearance in newly formed red cells was investigated in 25 infants aged between 0 and 273 days and in two children aged 591 and 931 days.

The data are discussed in relation to previous studies concerning the change in red‐cell production that occurs during this period of life. The data indicate a rapid and profound fall in red‐cell production during the first few days after birth, and a very slow rate of haemoglobin synthesis during the following two months. Subsequently the data indicate an increased rate of red‐cell production.

The data obtained during the first two weeks of life have also been analysed in terms of a recently proposed model for ferro‐erythro‐kinetics. The results indicate that the haemoglobin synthesis decreases at a very rapid rate (factor of 15–20) during the first 10 days of life. The absolute amount of haemoglobin synthesis at birth is between 2–3 % per day of the total circulating haemoglobin mass.
II. Activities of Certain Milk Enzymes in Relation to Dietary Fat intake
Authors: KARMARKAR M. G. , RAJALAKSHMI R. , RAMAKRISHNAN C. V.
Published: January 2008

The activities of lipase, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase in breast milk were studied in relation to dietary fat supplementation.
The Relationship between Hyaline Membranes of the Newborn and the Presence of Other Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: ROBERTSON BENGT
Published: January 2008

Membrane thickness and associated histologic pulmonary changes were studied in an autopsy series of 117 neonatal deaths presenting pulmonary hyaline membranes. The ages ranged from 6 hours to 7 days. The thickness of the membranes increased with postnatal age, generally reaching a maximum on the third to fourth day. Intra‐alveolar edema was prominent, especially during the first day, and diminished gradually. There was an increasing incidence of complications with age in the form of inflammation and intra‐alveolar hemorrhage.
Late Neurological Sequelae of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: DONNER MÄRTA , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE
Published: January 2008

The neurological findings in a follow‐up study of 103 children treated for and cured of tuberculous meningitis in 1949—54, are presented. Fifty children were found to be free of late neurological sequelae, 29 had minor neurological sequelae including 2 with cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus, and ataxia, 13 with mild disturbances of coordination and 10 with symptoms of upper motor neuron lesion without subjective complaints. Gross neurological sequelae were found in 22 cases, including 8 with spastic palsies, 9 with spastic palsies and convulsions, and 5 with convulsions without spastic palsies. Two children were found to have sequelae of spinal lesions; one had paraplegia and the other disturbance of sensation on the dorsum of the left foot. Fourteen children had convulsions.
Staphylococcus Aureus and Infections on Maternity Wards: III. Bacterical Colonization of the Umbilicus and Exchange transfusions
Authors: JALLING B. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , MYRBÄCK K. E. , ENGSTRÖM L.
Published: January 2008

Bacteriological examinations of the umbilici, blood transfusion‐sets and patients' blood were performed at 28 exchange transfusions via the umbilicus 0‐7 days after delivery. Most of the umbilici were colonized with bacteria at the time of exchange. No case of septicemia or omphalitis occurred.

Nebocetin as powder or lotion did not sterilize the cords but possibly protected sterile cords from becoming infected.

Daily spray with Nobecutan did not protect the umbilici from becoming contaminated. The effect on the infection of Nobecutan was not better than that of Xeroform powder. No clinical colonization occurred. Contamination with S. albus may have protected against colonization with S. aureus. Most strains were sensitive to most of the common antibiotics.
Acid‐Base and Electrolyte Changes during Exchange Transfusion
Authors: BODA D. , TÓTH GY. , MURÁNYI L. , ECK E.
Published: January 2008

In connection with blood exchange transfusions carried out on forty newborn infants it has been found that the majority of the newborns requiring exchange transfusion have metabolic acidosis increasing to possibly critical severity by the end the exchange transfusion. The acidosis, however, is soon normalized spontaneously. Pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate infusion normalizes the pretrans fusion shift in acid‐base balance and vents the development of a severe acidosis following the exchange transfusion without risking a subsequent alkalosis.

Before exchange transfusion a slight hypernatraemia has often been observed and this increases transiently after blood exchange. Pretreatment with infusion did not modify this phenomenon. In our material no hyperpotassaemia has been encountered by the end of ex‐ change transfusion. I n response to pre‐treatment with sodium bicarbonate infusion the plasma K+ level decreased slightly.

By promoting the conjugation of bilirubin to proteins, pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate may presumably improve also the efficiency of the exchange transfusion; this, however, requires further proof.
Effect of Lung Expansion on the Fetal Lamb Circulation
Authors: ENHÖRNING GÖRAN , ADAMS FORREST H. , NORMAN ANNE
Published: January 2008

The change in pulmonary blood flow as a result of expansion of the lungs with 100‐200 ml of nitrogen was studied in eleven fetal lambs. The fetal circulation was evaluated by simultaneous injection of 5% sodium chloride into the left ventricle and indocyanine green into the right ventricle and by recording the concentration of these indicators in the right carotid artery and right femoral artery.

During the control period, prior to lung expansion, most of the right ventricular output bypassed the lungs; in fact, there was no detectable pulmonary blood flow in six of the lambs. As long as the lungs were forcibly maintained expanded there was no increase in pulmonary blood flow, but when the expanding nitrogen was given free outlet again there was a change in the distribution of right ventricular output in nine of the lambs. The portion passing through the lungs increased in eight lambs but decreased in one.

In two lambs the lungs were expanded with 100 ml of Dextran. This did not affect pulmonary blood flow although the following expansion with 100 ml of nitrogen in both instances caused more of the right ventricular output to be distributed to the lungs.

It is concluded that surface tension in the newly formed air‐liquid interfaces of the expanded alveoli may decrease resistance to pulmonary blood flow.
Measles Vaccination VI. Serological and Clinical Follow‐up Analysis 18 Months after a Booster Injection
Authors: NORRBY E. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , GARD S.
Published: January 2008

Twenty‐one children given three monthly doses of a formalin‐killed vaccine at the age of ½ to 2 years and a booster of the same product or purified hemagglutinin 22 months later were submitted to a serological and clinical follow‐up 18 months after the booster.

Eleven chiIdren had been exposed to measles. Only one of these displayed symptoms. This case showed an atypical behaviour and was associated with a bronchopneumonia of short duration. Increase in antibody titers indicated symptom‐less infections in four cases with and one without known exposure.

During the time 8 to 18 months after the booster the average decline in HI and CF antibody titers was about two‐fold.
Tay‐Sachs Disease
Authors: EEG‐OLOFSSON ORVAR , KRISTENSSON KRISTER , SOURANDER PATRICK , SVENNERHOLM LARS
Published: January 2008

A detailed histological and biochemical study was performed on autopsy material from an advanced case of typical infantile amaurotic idiocy in a non‐Jewish boy.

Many nerve cells were distended by accumulated glycolipids, but in others no signs of storage were seen in the cell body while large amounts of lipids had accumulated in balloon‐shaped swellings of the axons at varying distances from the perikaryon, indicating an axonal transport of the gangliosides. The glial cells contained materials which gave a primary fluores cence and had histochemical properties characteristic for lipofuscin. Histochemically the visceral organs did not show any glycolipid storage of the same type as in the nervous system.

Chemical analysis showed an aecuniulation in brain of ceramide sialyl‐N‐trihesoside (ganglioside GM2) which has been found in all other typical cases studied. There was a very advanced degeneration of myelin sheathsand most neutralglycolipidsin brain had similar ceramideportion as gangliosicles which suggest an intimate metabolic relationship. In liver and spleen a ganglioside with the same carbohydrate moiety as in brain ganglioside was isolated. Its ceramide portion had a composition that was intermediate between that of gangliosides from the nervous system and from normal liver and spleen. Therefore, it is proposed that one part of the liver gangliosisides was for med in the nervous system and transported to these organs and the other part is formed in situ. The finding of Tay‐Sachs ganglioside with the same fatty acids as in norinal liver gangliosides suggests that Tay‐Sachs disease is a generalized disorder.

The enzymic lesion in Tay‐Sachs disease is discussed. It is stated that a lack of a glycolipid β‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase is still the most plausible explanation for the biochemical changes in this disease.
Fatal BCG Infection in an Infant with Congenital, Lymphocytopenic Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: CARLGREN L. E. , HANSSON C. G. , HENRICSSON L. , WÅHLÉN P.
Published: January 2008

A case is described of fatal, disseminated BCG infection in an infant with lymphocytopenic agammaglobulinemia. The report includes clinical, pathologico‐anatomic and bacteriologic findings. A short review of the cases reported in the literature is given. The relation of the BCG infection to the immunologic defect is discussed as well as possible prophylaxis and therapy.
Congenital Alkalosis with Diarrhea
Authors: YSSING M. , FRIIS‐HANSEN B.
Published: January 2008

A case of congenital alkalosis with diarrhea has been described in a newborn male infant. The characteristic finding in the disease is the combination of persistent metabolic alkalosis and watery stools with a high concentration of chloride. The disorder was presumably present already during fetal life and manifested itself from the neonatal period. In spite of treatment the patient died when twelve months old.
The Pattern of Blood Lipids, Glycerol and Ketone Bodies during the Neonatal Period, Infancy and Childhood
Authors: PERSSON BENGT , GENTZ JOHAN
Published: January 2008

Studies of individual blood lipid fractions, glycerol, ketones and blood sugar were carried out in a large group of healthy children ranging in age from full term birth to 8 years, with the object of ascertaining the alterations in these parameters at birth and through the period of postnatal adaptation.

FFA, glycerol and ketone bodies are low at birth then rise rapidly reaching the highest levels within the first 48 hours of life, remaining high during the neonatal period and decrease to the lowest values at 1–6 months. When peak values for FFA and glycerol are reached, blood sugar determinations exhibit the lowest values.

During the first day after delivery, before the first feeding, glycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol rise. They reach their peak values at 2–3 days and at 4–5 days for the two latter fractions respectively.

There is a highly significant correlation between FFA and glycerol, not however, between FFA and glucose during the neonatal period.

The results indicate an intense lipolysis during the neonatal period. The mechanism initiating this lipid mobilization (and redistribution of endogenous stored lipids) is not known. The importance of neurogenic, hormonal and nutritional factors in the regulation of FFA metabolism is discussed. When the values for glucose tolerance (obtained from a previous study) are compared to the fasting FFA levels of corresponding age groups, there is a relationship: with decreasing FFA values there is an improvement of the carbohydrate tolerance.
DEVELOPMENT OF UREA‐SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES IN HUMAN LIVER
Authors: Räihä Niels C. R. , Suihkonen Jukka
Published: January 2008

Liver slices from human foetuses of a gestational age between 16 and 20 weeks produce urea when incubated with optimal amounts of substrate.

The activities of the enzymes which synthesize urea (carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, arginine synthetase system, argininosuccinase and arginase) have been measured in human liver during development. No rapid postparturition increase in activity was discernible in any of the enzymes studied, although in general the adult levels were somewhat higher than those found at birth. Arginine synthetase has the lowest relative activity of all the five enzymes involved in urea synthesis. The apparent Km for citrulline is similar in magnitude for both foetal and adult liver arginine synthetase.
ACUTE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA ASSOCIATED WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Dano Georg
Published: January 2008

One case of acute cerebellar ataxia associated with Herpes Simplex virus infection is reported. The causative connection between this virus and acute cerebellar ataxia has previously not been recognized.