bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Placing Genre, Setting, and Community in Shay Youngblood’s and Sharon Bridgforth’s Plays
Authors: Kayser Casey
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines plays that present a more multicultural, global, and inclusive South, considering texts written by two contemporary African American, lesbian playwrights: Sharon Bridgforth’s loveconjure/blues (2004) and Shay Youngblood’s Shakin’ the Mess Out of Misery (1988). These playwrights create more flexibility in their conceptions of the South by abandoning strict constructs of mode, action, characterization, genre, chronology, and place. Through collapsing temporal and spatial boundaries, reaching back to Africa and the slave and Jim Crow South, and engaging with the Native South, they re-place traditional conceptions of the region. Through depicting queer and lesbian sexuality and fluid, nonbinary gender expression in southern milieus absent of homo/transphobia, they re-place traditional notions of belonging in southern communities.
Conclusion
Authors: Kayser Casey
Published: May 2022

The conclusion suggests potential future lines of inquiry related to southern women playwrights. Future research could take a historical approach; the history of southern women’s drama and women’s roles in the southern theatre in playwrighting and other capacities has not yet been written. Depictions of the American South in musical theatre offer another possible realm for further analysis. The staging of and critical response to several musicals set in the South, including Good Ol’ Girls (2010) and a 2008 musical adaptation of Gone with the Wind reveal interesting outcomes that may parallel some of the difficulties and reception issues evident in non-musical southern theatre. Several emerging playwrights who come from more diverse perspectives offer new possibilities for study, such as Japanese American Leah Nanako Winkler and Christina Quintana, a queer playwright with Cuban and Louisiana roots. Ultimately the chapter ends with a call for further study of southern women playwrights.
Introduction
Authors: Moss Christina L. , Inabinet Brandon
Published: May 2022

In addition to summarizing the book and previewing the chapters, the this introduction by Christina L. Moss and Brandon Inabinet offers an agenda for an actively antiracist approach to regions. Starting from Ibram X. Kendi’s experience of the South, the introduction then surveys critics’ imagined marginality in the field of rhetorical studies to review the dangers of white male nostalgia and sense of slight. To escape this, the introduction offers Reconstruction as a political act of reckoning that scholars and critics of the South too need to embrace. The chapter previews demonstrate great models for this work, and the introduction even goes further by offering a pathway for future scholarship in this broad program of an actively antiracist reconstruction of Southern rhetoric.
Styles and Spaces of Whiteness in Hgtv’s Fixer Upper
Authors: Medhurst Julia M.
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, Julia M. Medhurst analyzes episodes of HGTV’s Fixer Upper and Magnolia Market to see how they profit from a distinctly “Southern” subjectivity, operationalized through the space and style of whiteness. With many of the show’s homes built between the 1910s and 1960s, the charm in Fixer Upper lies in the Gaines’ ability to restore homes to nostalgically-remembered Jim Crow era in Waco, Texas. Farmhouse chic design choices, with whitewashed shiplap, white antiques, and white ceramics create a visual metaphor for the goal of creating a compensated heterotopia, where every object is carefully chosen and carefully placed to escape from the southern complexities of inequalities and crime, foreclosures, and gentrification.
Indian Trilogy Rhetoric and the Marshalling of Southern and Indigenous Identities
Authors: Black Jason Edward
Published: May 2022

Indigenous groups in the South experienced heavy-handed federal paternalism in John Marshall’s rulings (1820s-1830s). In this chapter, Jason Edward Black considers how American Indian (especially Cherokee and Creek) identities were constituted in the Jacksonian era by resistance to federal authority, before settler-Southerners had appropriated the claim. Constitutive rhetorics of case law deserve more attention, especially as the field seeks to decolonize and move toward regional understandings of identity.
Old South Rhetoric Reckoning
Authors: Adams Whitney Jordan
Published: May 2022

Kappa Alpha, a Greek fraternal organization with chapters in universities across the nation, compromises to shield itself from scrutiny for entrenched racist history. Negative press incidents lead to the removal of its Confederate flag and Old South balls, even as the organization is monological in its historical alliance with white supremacy and Robert E. Lee, as its “spiritual founder.” In this chapter, Whitney Jordan Adams dissects an online message board in reaction to the loss of Old South balls, finding “frozen loci,” isolated argument of resentment devoid of historical reasoning or context. Adams calls for a pedagogical disturbance in the classroom, one that creates new dialogism for these students who have never dealt with difference in their lived proximity. Disturbances such as personal narratives, anti-racist art, and DEI-themed university history tours are promoted as workable unsettling of frozen loci.
The Southern Skillet
Authors: Stokes Ashli Quesinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: May 2022

Southern food speaks in a central way for the region—organizing identities and differences far better than oratory. In this chapter, Ashli Quesinberry Stokes and Wendy Atkins-Sayre turn to the cast iron skillet as itself a metonym for the South. Looking in detail through the historical associations of race, class, and gender, the skillet serves as a valuable reference point for positive and productive conversations about regional identity over time. Reclaiming a positive role for nostalgia, foodways provide a focus on the process, not looking at a region as a “historical problem” to solve, but as an experience to transform through inclusion. Cornbread and other skillet staples become the symbol of transformative space.
Erna Brodber and Velma Pollard
Authors: Bryan Violet Harrington
Published: May 2022

Velma Pollard and Erna Brodber, two sister-writers born and raised in Jamaica, recreate imagined and lived homelands in their literature by commemorating the history, culture, and religion of the Caribbean. Velma Pollard was born in St. Catherine, Jamaica; by the time Velma Pollard was three, her parents had moved to Woodside, St. Mary, in northeast Jamaica, where her sister, Erna Brodber was born. They write about their homeland in a series of memories and stories of that lived and imagined experience in their many works: fictional, nonfictional, and poetic. They center on their home village, but occasionally move the settings of their writings to other regions of Jamaica and various Caribbean islands, as well as to other parts of the African diaspora in the United States, Canada, and England. The role of women in the patriarchal society of Jamaica and much of the Caribbean is also a subject of the sisters’ writing. Growing up in what Erna Brodber calls the kumbla, the protective but restrictive environment of many women in the Anglo-Caribbean, is also an important theme in their works. In her fiction, Velma Pollard discusses the gender gaps in employment and the demands of marriage and the special contributions of women to family and community. This study examines Erna Brodber’s work on a par with her sister Velma Pollard’s writing and is the first to do so, drawing upon original interviews.
Velma Pollard’s Karl and Erna Brodber’s Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home
Authors: Bryan Violet Harrington
Published: May 2022

The first novels of Velma Pollard Erna Brodber both take place primarily during the 1970s in Jamaica, soon after Jamaican Independence in 1962. Michael Manley had just become Prime Minister in 1972. The Rastafarians were popular, and the popularity of Reggae music spiked, especially with the global icon Bob Marley. Furthermore, the nation’s intelligentsia were consumed with the question of what the newly independent nation would become. Both writers’ early novels are consumed with these matters, while they are also about a young person’s coming to maturity.
Erna Brodber’s The Rainmaker’s Mistake and Nothing’s Mat as Afrofuturistic and Speculative Fiction
Authors: Bryan Violet Harrington
Published: May 2022

In these two of Erna Brodber’s later novels, the author imaginatively speculates on the development of the diaspora and family history. Time- and space-shifting are important in both novels. In fact, both novels represent speculative, or Afrofuturistic, fiction in form and thought, given their futuristic themes that bring in elements of black history and culture. Brodber deploys innovative devices to reflect on the persistent costs of slavery on families and relationships.
Solo Recitals
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn
Published: May 2022

As Vietnam officially embarked on the road to reform in 1986, the music scene, as recounted by Minh in the previous chapter, had dramatically changed. Musicians were playing popular Vietnamese love songs for gigs and such opportunities were frequent and lucrative. The reforms rehabilitated the “freedom of creativity” for musicians and artists, even though the state was not yet willing to fully relinquish its control of what could be expressed in the arts. After his trip to East Berlin in 1987, Quyền Văn Minh was determined to showcase the saxophone and jazz as chính thống [proper mainstream] music. In two back-to-back concerts in 1988 and 1989, Minh performed jazz live in the public sphere
Introduction
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

In this introduction, Waters discusses the scope of this book. Exploring the life and thought of Maria W. Stewart, Waters considers first Stewart’s earliest years, then her move from Hartford to Boston, and examine closely the most intellectually productive time in the life of a woman whose journey took her from indentured servitude to recognition as a writer, speaker, thinker, and political philosopher. Waters reveals the methodology used in her research.
“Many Flowers among Us” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

The opening chapter lays the groundwork for an intellectual biography of Maria Miller, orphaned at the age of five, who would become the most important black woman political theorist in the first half of the nineteenth century.
“Bound out in a Clergyman’s Family” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Maria Miller learns the meaning of loneliness, domestic labor, and religious piety in the household of a Congregational minister where her early theological ideas are formed.
“In Saucy Defiance”
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

James W. Stewart leaves the docks of New York to enlist in the U.S. Navy in the War of 1812 and winds up chasing British whaling ships in the Pacific. In later years, his worldliness will inform the thought of his wife, Maria Miller Stewart.
“Served as a Seaman” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Seaman Stewart continues his service in the US Navy in the Pacific (possibly becomes a prisoner of war) and as the war ends attention turns to the North Coast of Africa, tensions, and negotiations with political powers there. He completes his service and ends up in Boston, becoming a maritime entrepreneur, following in the footsteps of Paul Cuffee.
Partus Sequitur Ventrem
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

In South Carolina, David Walker gets his first taste of revolutionary action when he witnesses first-hand the Denmark Vesey conspiracy to overthrow white power in Charleston. His experiences sow the seeds for his later thought in his “Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World.” His political thought and friendship will profoundly influence the writings of Maria W. Stewart.
“He Refused Unless We Would Ride on Top” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

A young woman, restricted by age, class, and gender, hatches and executes a plan to leave the conventional constraints of her city behind and head for a rougher, more cosmopolitan center, one that possesses an established population of free African Americans.
“The Sun Has Risen Gloriously upon the Earth” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Many mythic narratives are generated by Boston: the City Upon a Hill, the Athens of America, the Cradle of Liberty. For Maria Miller, the story of a city embracing a church and meetinghouse for African Americans entices her to seek a place of greater freedom.
Black Founders and the Roots of Black Political Thought 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, Waters identifies a first wave of African American organized resistance and the beginning of a more interracial movement often reductively perceived as white. This chapter examines the ideas that came out of the early part of this wave of activism: particular concepts of freedom, equality, property, individualism, community, and the social contract, from the first rumblings of the Age of Revolution. This chapter and the next ones explore major writers and components of classic liberal theory: concepts of freedom, equality, social contract, property, individualism, capitalism, and independence, but the connections with the birth of liberalism should in no way preclude a critique of this theory from other conceptual perspectives. Waters also discusses the overarching theory of Black revolutionary liberalism derived from Enlightenment ideals that in hands of Black theorists were converted from an ideology that had chattel slavery at its base to one of human flourishing for all humankind.
“Why Sit Ye Here and Die?”
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Emotionally fluctuating between an overwhelming sense of loss and her new-found grace in the hands of God, Stewart contemplates the power of coming to terms with liberatory morality and finds in it the strength to fully devote herself to racial justice. She implores others to find strength in their humanity, mortality, and faith.
“Farewell Address”
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Honing her gender critique, Maria W. Stewart lectures on women’s historical accomplishments to counteract criticism of her public actions. Departing for New York marks a sad but also triumphal conclusion to her early career as a political philosopher.
Postscript
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

From Boston, Maria W. Stewart moved to Williamsburg, N.Y. attending the 1838 Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in Manhattan. Little is known about her life for the next several decades. Moving on, first to Baltimore and then to Washington, D.C. she writes a remembrance, “Sufferings During the War,” recounting the bitter hardships that she, like so many others, faced during the Civil War. While she wrote a few known essays in the intervening years, the most productive time for her intellectual work had been during her Boston years. Attuned to a new prospect for salvaging her forgotten writings, in 1879, the year of her passing, she amassed the needed documents to apply for her husband’s pension from the War of 1812, funds she used to republish her seminal writings in Meditations from the Pen of Maria W. Stewart. She died in the Freedman’s Hospital where she had served as matron.
Mind Where You Puts Yo Feet: A Study of Southern Boundaries in Lillian Smith’s Strange Fruit
Authors: Bennett Tanya Long
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, Tanya Long Bennett examines Strange Fruit through a lens of border and whiteness theory, exploring geographical markers of the fictional Maxwell, Georgia, to reveal their impact on both the physical movements of the novel’s characters and their psychological navigation of a “home” strictly dictating their behaviors. The chapter illustrates that like most people, Maxwellians desire both a safe and secure “home” for themselves and their loved ones as well as freedom to engage in the world at large. On the face of it, these two dreams are not mutually exclusive but, the study emphasizes, in segregated societies like that of Maxell, pursuit of these impulses is complicated by economic and psychological factors which, if not recognized as such, stultify and deform everyone within the system.
Effects of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism: focusing on vitamin D
Authors: Avdeeva V. A. , Suplotova L. A. , Rozhinskaya L. Y.
Published: May 2022

The main goal of bariatric surgery is weight loss due to fundamental differential changes in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, one of the most frequent complications of obesity surgery, especially operations associated with malabsorption, is vitamin D deficiency. Patients with obesity initially have a wide range of predisposing factors for metabolic diseases of the skeleton due to lifestyle problems. Nutrient deficiencies with high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle with a tendency to wear clothing that covers most of the skin — reduces serum 25 (OH) D levels. In addition, the situation is aggravated by a decrease in the bioavailability of 25 (OH) D due to its sequestration in adipose tissue and its complete inaccessibility to the central blood flow. The consequences of bariatric surgery — a decrease in the amount of skin and malabsorption can aggravate the existing deficiency. As a result of a decrease in the level of 25 (OH) D and subsequent hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, negatively affect the state of bone health. The presented literature review is devoted to the problems of obesity surgery and vitamin D deficiency. The main focus is on bone metabolism associated with bariatric surgery, the causes of pre and postoperative vitamin D deficiency are discussed, and recommendations for its treatment after obesity surgery are given.
Hypercalciuria and hyperparathyroidism — is there always a connection?
Authors: Mirnaya S. S. , Eremkina A. K.
Published: May 2022

Hypercalciuria is a pathological condition characterized by an excess of daily calcium excretion. A high concentration of urine calcium can initiate stone formation. There are several types of hypercalciuria, each requires an individual approach. In the absence of known causes of development, idiopathic hypercalciuria is a frequent dysmetabolic disorder defined as an excess urine calcium excretion with normocalcemia. Resorptive hypercalciuria most often develops due to primary hyperparathyroidism and is caused by elevated PTH and excess release of calcium from bone stores. A thiazide test can be used for differential diagnosis between these conditions. We present a series of clinical cases covered the thiazide test in outpatient practice. The definitive diagnosis is extremely important because it determines the optimal treatment strategy. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (an increase in parathyroid hormone as a result of vitamin D deficiency, chronic renal failure or other conditions) requires medical therapy, while the primary hyperparathyroidism is radically cured only after surgical intervention.Taking into account the prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria and primary hyperparathyroidism, it is actual to use the thiazide test more widely in clinical practice.
Absorption and metabolism of vitamin D in health and in gastrointestinal tract diseases
Authors: Pigarova E. A. , Dzeranova L. К. , Yatsenko D. A.
Published: May 2022

Over the past decades, we have witnessed many remarkable advances in understanding the impact of vitamin D on human health. There is an exponential growth of new data covering both the fundamental biology of vitamin D and the clinical implications of deficiency and the effects of vitamin D supplementation. This literature review has been prepared to combine and interpret the current scientific evidence on the mechanisms of vitamin D absorption, with a focus on vitamin D absorption through the apical membrane of enterocytes in various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Reviewed studies have identified some distinctive aspects of vitamin D bioavailability that should be considered in the treatment or prevention of vitamin D deficiency in patients with malabsorption syndromes, especially in the active phase of the disease. Moreover, recent in vivo experiments and in vitro studies have demonstrated that vitamin D absorption is not a simple diffusion process as previously thought, but rather a mechanism that also involves multiple membrane transporters. Maintaining or improving vitamin D intake through diet or increased sun exposure is problematic, so oral supplementation may be an effective and safe approach to improving vitamin D status. Vitamin D3 is the recommended form for both prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency, which is associated with more stable pharmacokinetics. Vitamin D absorption is improved when vitamin D is taken with a small amount of fat-containing food and medium chain triglycerides. In malabsorption syndromes, it is optimal to increase the general population doses of vitamin D by 2–3 times both for prevention and for the treatment of deficiency and insufficiency. While vitamin D deficiency is more common among people with gastrointestinal disease, data have not been able to establish whether the relationship is causal or the result of intestinal inflammation and malabsorption syndrome. However, owing to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D, there is evidence that its deficiency can be directly related to the severity of the disease, and partly to the etiology or pathogenesis of the disease itself.
Tratados internacionales, interpretación y búsqueda de significados: Un enfoque complementario
Authors: Tellez Nunez Andres
Published: May 2022

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación sobre la efectividad del derecho internacional, este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una nueva forma de interpretación de los tratados que complemente las normas contenidas en los artículos 31 a 33 de la Convención de Viena de 1969. Para lograr dicho objetivo, el artículo propone una hipótesis de trabajo que cuestiona la suficiencia del contractualismo y del originalismo para explicar la juridicidad del derecho internacional de los tratados, y, bajo la asunción platónica consistente en que el derecho coincide en la práctica con la política, afirma que el proceso de interpretación y construcción de la norma supondrá llenar de significado los términos y definiciones de un tratado, que no son estáticos, sino dinámicos, pero según las vivencias de los Estados y de conformidad con lineamientos provistos por la razón natural. Mediante la utilización de un método hermenéutico-analítico, el autor concluye que puede existir una nueva forma de interpretar los tratados que esté en relación directa con la vivencia de la norma jurídica internacional, y que cuestiona tanto al contractualismo como al originalismo como posturas que explican su fundamento.
El principio constitucional de solidaridad, como directriz para la sociedad humana
Authors: Uribe Arzate Enrique , Olvera García Jorge
Published: May 2022

Este artículo de investigación, inicia con la afirmación de que los grandes problemas de las sociedades contemporáneas, tienen su más clara expresión en la pobreza y la falta de solidaridad del gobierno con los habitantes más vulnerables. A partir de la idea de que las Constituciones incluyen en su texto decisiones políticas fundamentales, y con apoyo en los métodos diacrónico y crítico-valorativo, creemos que la inserción del principio constitucional de solidaridad, es un paso importante para la orientación adecuada del ejercicio del poder público. De este modo, una vez exploradas las diversas concepciones de la solidaridad, concluimos que el gobierno tiene que ser orientado por el principio constitucional de solidaridad, para dirigir su atención prioritaria hacia la protección de los derechos humanos de los habitantes.
Principio de inembargabilidad de los bienes y recursos públicos: Excepciones en la jurisprudencia constitucional y su aplicación en las decisiones del Consejo de Estado (1992-2019)
Authors: Vargas Ossa Nataly
Published: May 2022

El artículo analiza los criterios jurisprudenciales establecidos por la Corte Constitucional que determinan los límites del principio de inembargabilidad de los bienes y recursos públicos (en adelante IBRP),; aunque la inembargabilidad es un privilegio otorgado directamente por la Constitución, el legislador goza de libertad de configuración normativa para determinar en qué casos se aplica, normativa que ha generado importantes tensiones con el derecho de acceso a la administración de justicia, por lo cual la Corte Constitucional ha creado una serie reglas que flexibilizan dicho principio. De acuerdo con el desarrollo normativo y las reglas que la Corte Constitucional han planteado, el texto busca establecer, ¿Cuál es el límite del principio de inembargabilidad los bienes y recursos públicos? Para su solución, se acude al análisis las normas y sentencias proferidas por la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado entre 1922 y el 2019, donde se describen los argumentos que explican la existencia esta prerrogativa en favor del Estado, su alcance y los criterios que la ley y la jurisprudencia han establecido para atenuar o excepcionar su aplicación, así mismo se analiza cómo el Consejo de Estado acoge o desconoce la aplicación de dichas reglas.
Flexibilidad probatoria y dilemas en el nuevo derecho procesal del consumo chileno
Authors: Perez Ragone Alvaro Javier , Toledo Pablo
Published: May 2022

Este estudio examina dogmática y comparativamente la carga de la prueba en materia de los procesos de consumo a partir de la reciente modificación al derecho positivo chileno al respecto. Puede concluirse en resaltar lo positivo de incorporar mecanismos de flexibilidad probatoria en un área como la del proceso de consumo. Ahora bien la norma introducida debiera leerse siguiendo la distinción propiciada sobre la carga que impone, lo que permite advertir que el pasaje final de la norma es consistente con la variante de carga dinámica de la prueba en tanto exigencia de colaboración. Ello así, porque a la empresa le bastaría con aportar la prueba de la que disponga, sin ampararse en el silencio ni en la mera negativa de la hipótesis fáctica sostenida por el consumidor, pero no correría con la carga de despejar la incertidumbre sobre el hecho controvertido, como sí lo hace la primera parte de la norma. En síntesis, para esta segunda manifestación de la regla analizada, el productor debe aportar toda la información que se encuentra en su poder, pero no sufre las consecuencias de la incertidumbre que puede subsistir una vez verificada dicha colaboración activa en el esclarecimiento de los hechos.
El impacto de las medidas ambientales en el estándar de expropiación indirecta El caso Eco Oro c. Colombia
Authors: Castillo Meneses Yadira
Published: May 2022

El artículo desarrolla el estándar de revisión de expropiación indirecta que podría ser aplicable en tratados internacionales de inversión que no incluyen un test para su análisis y la controversia tiene de por medio la revisión de medidas ambientales frente a proyectos de minería, para ello toma como referente el caso Eco Oro c Colombia, cuyas pretensiones se sustentan en el Tratado de Libre Comercio-TLC- celebrado entre Colombia-Canadá (2008), capítulo de inversiones. El caso evidencia lo complejo de armonizar la tensión entre la protección al medio ambiente, en especial, los ecosistemas de páramos, en un país que posee la mayor riqueza de páramos en el mundo, y el respeto por los derechos económicos de los inversionistas, quienes previa autorización por parte del Estado emprendieron una actividad económica de exploración minera. Finalmente, el artículo propone explorar la concurrencia de culpas en los casos en los que la expropiación indirecta emerge como consecuencia de la protección al medio ambiente.
Rawls y el derecho
Authors: Dworkin Ronald
Published: May 2022

En este ensayo pretendo analizar la relación entre Rawls y el derecho concibiendo a Rawls mismo como un filósofo del derecho y, de hecho, como jurista. Si bien Rawls no se per-cibió a sí mismo como filósofo del derecho, y aunque en su obra hay muchas discusiones jurídicas importantes –algunas de las cuales mencionaré realizó sus principales contri-buciones a la teoría jurídica a través de su filosofía política, porque la teoría jurídica hace parte de la filosofía política y Rawls escribió de manera abstracta sobre la disciplina en conjunto. Deseo identificar, pero también evaluar, brevemente aquellos aspectos de la teoría de la justicia de Rawls que se relacionan de forma directa con los asuntos tradicionales de la filosofía del derecho.
Conflictos laborales y administración de justicia.Tribunal del Trabajo de Cali, 1946-1958
Authors: Mendoza Rendón Natalia
Published: May 2022

El artículo indaga sobre la aplicación de la ley desde las sentencias judiciales emitidas por el Tribunal Seccional del Trabajo de Cali entre 1946 y 1958. Se analizan las interacciones entre las instituciones administradoras de justicia y los diferentes actores que se relacionaron con ellas en una doble vía: desde los reclamos de trabajadores y patrones, que involucraron discursos sobre el funcionamiento y protección que demandaron del Estado cuando acudieron al Tribunal, y desde los argumentos de los jueces en relación a la puesta en práctica de las regulaciones del campo del trabajo. Estas interacciones dieron cuenta no sólo de conflictos producto de las relaciones laborales, sino de las instancias judiciales como espacios en disputa, en los cuales los usos de la justicia evidenciaron las fluctuaciones entre control y agencia que se jugaban los actores en cada litigio.
La mitigación del perjuicio en la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado
Authors: Sandoval Peña Víctor Andrés
Published: May 2022

En este escrito se estudia la carga que tiene la víctima de mitigar el perjuicio en materia de responsabilidad del Estado. Se pretende establecer si el Consejo de Estado y la Corte Constitucional, al decidir casos en los que se discute sobre la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado, han utilizado la mitigación del perjuicio acorde con su conceptualización y las características que ostenta la figura. Para tal propósito, debe ofrecerse un concepto de mitigación del perjuicio, para lo cual, a su vez, debe abordarse sus características más relevantes, su naturaleza jurídica y diferenciación con otras instituciones jurídicas. Con base en lo analizado se adoptará una posición en torno a si la utilización jurisprudencial de la figura en mención ha sido o no adecuada.
Test bench for the assessment of vibrations occurring in motorcycles
Authors: Podosek Krzysztof , Šarić Željko , Zuska Andrzej
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this publication is to present the construction and adaptation of the test stand intended for motorcycle simulation research. The stand is designed to study the impact of motorcycle vibrations that act on the body of the driver and passenger. Motorcycles belong to one of the types of transport that directly affects users. Excessive vibrations transmitted to the body of the driver and passenger can make driving uncomfortable and even dangerous. The vibrations of motorcycles depend mainly on the technical condition of the vehicle, the structure of the vehicle, and the construction of the engine. The stand was built on the basis of a hydraulic power supply unit, distributor, and electrohydraulic pulsators. The purpose of the construction of the stand is to examine a given group of motorcycles to learn and eliminate vibrations that occur in various areas of motorcycles and affect the comfort, health, and safety of motorcycle travelers. Test studies of the presented stand are presented in this article. The preliminary results of the simulation tests determined the possibility of testing individual elements and motorcycles on the laboratory stand.
Effect of Ionized Water (Acidic and Alkaline) on Productive Performance of Laying Hens
Authors: A.H. Mohammed , M.I. Basil
Published: May 2022

This study was carried out during the period from 25/10/2020 to 13/3/2021 (20 weeks) to investigate the effect of ionized water (alkaline and acidic) on productive performance of laying hens. A total of 105 laying hens (Lohmann Brown – Classic) strains were randomly divided into five treatments groups of 21 hens each. Each group was subdivided into three replicates with seven hens each. Birds in the control group (T1) were drinking tap water pH (7.14), whereas birds in second (T2) and the third group (T3) were drinking ionized alkaline water with pH (8.5, 9.5) respectively and the fourth group (T4) and the fifth group were drinking ionized acidic water with pH (4, 5) respectively. The egg production ratio, egg weight, cumulative number of eggs, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were studied. Results showed: T2 and T4 were significantly different (P<0.05) on egg production rate and a cumulative number of eggs as compared with other treatments during the study period. T2 was a significant difference on egg mass and no significant differences notice on egg weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio between treatments. In conclusion, ionized water has enhanced the productive performance of laying hen.
Effect of Fertilization with Seaweed Extract and High K-P Mixture on Leaf Nutritional Content in Citrus Rootstock C-35
Authors: Al-Alyawi Ehsan AH , Al-Abbasi Ghalib BA
Published: May 2022

The experiment was conducted in the citrus production nursery/Al-Hindiya District/province of Karbala, Iraqi for the period 10/4 -to 10/12/2021. The study aimed to evaluate citrus rootstock C-35 saplings response to four fertilization levels of SWE (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g. L-1) and/or high K-P mixture (0.0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 g.plant-1) and their interaction effects. Both fertilizers were monthly applied (six times) except for July and August. The treatments were distributed as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial experiment with three replications. The results showed that leaf content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, zinc, and boron) was significantly higher when SWE was used at 1.5 and 1.0 g.L-1 and High potassium-phosphorus fertilizer at 2.5 g.plant-1. The interaction of 1.5 g.L-1 SWE and 2.5 g.plant-1 K-P fertilizer caused a significant increase in most parameters tested in C-35 citrus rootstock seedlings leaves.
Anti-Obesity Effects of Synbiotic Fermented Milk Supplement with Aloe Vera Gel
Authors: Alhamid Mohanad Abbood , AL Mousawi Azhar J.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Synbiotic fermented milk supplemented with aloe vera gel (AVG) in male Rattus norvegicus rats obese induced by a high fat diet. 28 rats were divided into 4 groups (C-) fed a standard diet SD. (C+) fed a high fat diet (HFD) with oral dosing 1.5 ml/day distilled water. (T1) were fed HFD with an oral dose of 1.5 ml/day yogurt supplemented with 5% AVG. (T2) were fed HFD with an oral dose of 1.5 ml/day Fermented milk with Bif. Lactis BB-12 supplemented with 5% AVG. The experiment lasted 8 weeks, during which the increase in body weight, food intake and food efficiency rate were calculated, and then the relative weight of internal organs, lipid profile and liver enzymes AST and ALT were estimated. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in the final body weight and the relative weight of the liver in the (C+) group compared to the (C-) group. A significant decrease in body weight was also observed in the two groups T1 and T2 compared to the (C+) group, despite being fed the same HFD, while there were no significant differences in food intake. The T2 group showed the highest anti-obesity ability as well as maintaining the lipid profile within the normal limits, which contributed to the reduction of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C which were 81.5±6.863, 84.83±9.283, 33.48±6.349 and 16.97±1.857 mg/dL respectively, and an increase in the level of HDL-C, which was 31.05 ±3.774, that led to a decrease in atherogenic index which was 1.656 ± 0.383. It also contributed to keeping the liver enzymes AST, ALT within the normal limit, which was 53.5 and 41.5 IU/L compared to the (C +) group that was fed the same HFD diet.
Preparation of three-dimensional matrices of human gingival tissue and comparison of induction of mesenchymal and blastema stem cell behaviors in prepared scaffolds
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Rui , Zhu Jing , Chen Shulan , Liu Jianxin , Xu Ling
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to compare the behavior of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and rabbit auricle blastema cells implanted in non-cellular gingival tissue scaffold of human. In this regard, the tissues obtained from gingival surgeries in the dental clinic were de-cellulated using two detergents of sodium dodecyl sulfate and triton 100-X. After washing and sterilization, they were used as a scaffold for culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rats. Using light and electron microscopy, these scaffolds were examined before and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of cell culture. Also, the prepared three-dimensional scaffold was placed in the blastema ring obtained from the rabbit earlobe punch. The samples were evaluated 1, 2, and 4 weeks after culture based on histology techniques. The results showed that the study of scaffolds by electron microscopy showed preserving the epithelium matrix and the collagen fibers in the tissue. Structures similar to the epithelium were created in both samples. In addition, induction of cellular secretion was observed in scaffold cells migrating to the scaffold. In general, scaffolds made from human gums can be a good platform for studying cellular behaviors. Of course, further experiments to determine the nature of differentiated cells can help advance our knowledge of matrix cell interactions.
MiR-140 targets Wnt1 to inhibit the proliferation and enhance drug sensitivity in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhi Wang , Feng Qu , Mingzhu Zhang
Published: May 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been documented to function differently in numerous human cancers. Our study planned to investigate the role of microRNA-140 (miR-140) and to identify its possible target in osteosarcoma (OS) to predict their mechanism in OS. The miR-140 was down-regulated in OS, and its high expression decreased MG63 cell proliferation. At the molecular level, Wnt1 was a target of miR-140, and its expression could be suppressed by miR-140. Besides, miR-140 overexpression decreased drug resistance in OS cells treated by doxorubicin. Collectively, overexpression of miR-140 may inhibit human OS cell proliferation and may enhance drug sensitivity by direct regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
MiR155 Relieves Acute Heart Transplantation in Mice by Modulating Th1/Th17 Immune Response
Authors: Chen Jun , Li Shiliang , Wang Xingyu , Fang Zemin , Cheng Cai
Published: May 2022

Heart transplantation is an effective method for the treatment of end-stage heart disease. Therefore, this article aimed to establish a stable and effective mouse abdominal heart transplantation model. MiR155 alleviates the acute heart transplantation response by regulating Th1 / Th17 immune cytokines. This paper used the control method of randomly selecting samples to classify 30 healthy mice that met the conditions. First, C57BL / 6 mice were used as recipients, and Balb / c mouse hearts were used as donors to establish mouse hearts as a transplantation acute reaction model. A chronic rejection model of mouse heart transplantation was established by C57BL / 6 mice as recipients and Bm12 mouse hearts as donors. The survival time of the two groups of transplanted hearts was carefully recorded. The results of the study showed that in the heart transplantation acute/chronic rejection model, the average survival time of the donor's heart in the allograft group was (7.5 ± 0.37) / (63.4 ± 4.37) days, which was the same compared with the two groups. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the experimental control results and conclusions from the experimental results of the mice, this study can better respond to the pathological changes of acute/chronic rejection and reach the standard of model establish
Tug1 Acts on ERK12 Signaling Pathway to Aggravate Neuronal Damage after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chen Xiaojie , Xie Yuduan , Liang Chunling , Yang Dawei , Li Xiaotao , Yu Jie
Published: May 2022

Approximately 85% of stroke patients suffer from ischemic stroke, which has a high incidence and difficult prognosis. It has become one of the leading causes of death in middle-aged and elderly people and seriously threatens human health. This study mainly considers the role of lncRNA tug 1 on the ERK 12 signaling pathway to enhance neuronal damage after acute ischemic stroke. In the experiment, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was constructed using the thread embolization method. The real-time quantitative RT-CR method was used to detect the relative transcriptional activity of TG1, GAS5 and SM22a genes in tissues. The relative expression level of SM22a protein in tissues was detected by the immune-histochemical method. Twenty-four hours after cerebral infarction, the nerve function, cerebral infarction area and ERK1/2 protein expression level of cerebral cortex on the side of cerebral infarction were detected in each group. The experimental results showed that the successful animal behavior scores of the MCAO model in the normal saline control group and Pepstatin A interference group were 1 point 25, 2 points 17 and 3 points 18. The results show that lncRNA tug1 can enhance the neuronal damage of the ERK12 signaling pathway after acute ischemic stroke. lncRNATUGl plays an important role after OGD/RX and can accelerate cell apoptosis. If the expression of lncRNATUGl is inhibited, the number of apoptosis is significantly reduced.
On correlated measurement errors in the Schwartz–Smith two-factor model
Authors: Han Jun S. , Kordzakhia Nino , Shevchenko Pavel V. , Trück Stefan
Published: May 2022

The Schwartz–Smith two-factor model is commonly used for pricing of derivatives in commodity markets. For estimating and forecasting the term structures of futures prices, the logarithm of commodity spot price is represented as the sum of short- and long-term factors being the unobservable state variables. The futures prices derived as functions of the spot price lead to the simultaneous set of measurement equations, which is used for joint estimation of unobservable state variables and the model parameters through a filtering procedure. We propose a modified model where the error terms in the measurement equations are assumed to be serially correlated. In addition, for comparative analysis, the modelling of the logarithmic returns of futures prices is also considered. Out-of-sample prediction performances of two proposed models were illustrated using European Unit Allowances (EUA) futures prices from January 2017 to April 2021. Historically, this period corresponds to the second half of Phase III, and the beginning of Phase IV of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU-ETS).
Construction of esterase-responsive hyperbranched polyprodrug micelles and their antitumor activity in vitro
Authors: Qiao Jianxia , Li Shufen , Yuan Haoyu , Wang Yujie , Li Jianhong , Wang Peilong , Duan Xiao
Published: May 2022

This research constructs an esterase-responsive hyperbranched polyprodrug nano pharmaceutical and investigates their antitumor activity. Polyprodrug micelle was prepared by one-pot method based on glutathione (GSH), doxorubicin (DOX), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) under the catalyst of N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). The polyprodrug was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The antitumor activity of polyprodrug micelle was evaluated by Hela cell and the distributions of micelles in cells were observed by fluorescent microscope. The NMR and FT-IR confirmed that the DOX-GSH-PEG polyprodrug was successfully synthesized. The drug loading rate is 10.21% and particle size is 106.4 ± 1 nm with a narrowed polydispersity (PDI = 0.145). The DLS showed that the micelles were stable during 7 days at 25°C. The drug release results showed that the micelles could be esterase-responsive disrupted, and the drug release rate could reach 43% during 72 h. Cell uptake and cell viability demonstrated that the micelles could distribute to cell nuclei during 8 h and induce cell apoptosis during 48 h. Overall, these hyperbranched polyprodrug micelles prepared by one-pot method could be esterase-responsive disrupted and release the antitumor drugs in a high esterase environment for cancer therapy in vitro. These results confirm that DOX-GSH-PEG is an effective nanomedicine in vitro and the endogenous-based strategy with one-pot synthesis to construct esterase-responsive polyprodrug would probably be a preferred choice in the future.
Perceptual evaluation for Zhangpu paper-cut patterns by using improved GWO-BP neural network
Authors: Chen Daoling , Cheng Pengpeng
Published: May 2022

In order to understand consumers’ perceptual cognition of Zhangpu paper-cut patterns and grasp the innovative application direction. The four design elements of paper-cut patterns were extracted by morphological analysis, and representative perceptual vocabulary were selected using Kansei engineering theory and factor analysis, then the design elements and perceptual evaluation scores of representative words are used as the input and output data of the GWO-BP neural network, respectively, to establish an intelligent model that can predict consumers’ perceptual cognition of paper-cut patterns. To verify the superiority of the model, the predicted result of BP and FA-BP are compared with GWO-BP neural network. The results show that although the convergence speed of the GWO-BP model is slightly lower than that of the FA-BP model, its prediction accuracy is significantly better than other algorithms. Designers can use the model to quickly redesign the paper-cut pattern to better meet the aesthetic needs of modern consumers.
The effects of different multimodal expressions on English learners of varying proficiency levels
Authors: Djiguimde Ritassida Mamadou
Published: May 2022

Texts containing information in different modes are growing in number, technological sophistication, and quality presentation. In this changing semiotic landscape, it is timely to examine which mode combination(s) is most comprehensible for English learners. Accordingly, three text conditions – a verbal text, a supplementary text, and a complementary text – were examined for which mode combination(s) produces the best comprehension outcomes for English learners. Participants were intermediate learners (n = 111) and advanced learners (n = 111). Each language group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 37), and each of the subgroups was tasked with reading in one text condition and answering questions about the text. Participants’ comprehension scores were compared across the text conditions and language groups. The results revealed that the complementary text condition significantly impedes learners’ comprehension, and no significant difference was observed between the verbal text and the supplementary text conditions. These results indicate that learners did not engage in multimodal reading by integrating the various modes at interplay in the texts. For a complete literacy competence, these findings raise the need for engaging learners in deciphering texts from a multimodal perspective by establishing connections across the semiotic resources present in a text.