bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operating parameters of electric rolling stock on railway sections
Authors: Istomin Stanislav , Shatohin Andrej
Published: May 2023

The introduction of energy storage systems on motor rolling stock in order to improve the energy efficiency of the transportation process is not possible without performing preliminary calculations and experimental studies to determine the operating modes of the electric rolling stock. As a result of the work performed to process data on ED4M series electric trains on various sections of operation at different ambient temperatures, the dependences of electric power consumption for heating and auxiliary needs of the electric train were obtained. The average electricity consumption for traction and the return of electricity in case of regenerative braking is estimated. The main parameters of the energy storage device have been determined in the first approximation.
Rin-in comb wheels of the wheel pair of the car when moving on a curve section of the path
Authors: Djabbarov Shukhrat , Abdirakhmanov Jamshid , Abdullaev Bakhrom , Namozov Sokhib , Yuldoshov Rustam , Ergasheva Vasila
Published: May 2023

In the article, using the classical provisions of theoretical mechanics, various methods of constructing a computational model of rolling in the wheel crest of a wheelset of a wagon from when moving rolling stock along a curved section of track are presented.
Study of technical reasons for fire-burning vehicles
Authors: Lazarev Yuri , Bashkarev Albert , Makovetskaya-Abramova Olga , Amirseyidov Shihseid
Published: May 2023

The article presents the authors’ methodology for studying technical ignition causes of cars, with the establishment of the initial fire based on the signs and nature of temperature damage. What is more, subsequent development of the main scenario of fire occurrence is introduced. Modern control system is becoming larger and more complicated day by day and probability of system outage increases with it, so people urgently need to personalize the system of failure diagnostics to conduct real-time monitoring and malfunction diagnosis in production system and take necessary steps to improve its overall reliability and maintainability. According to the presented method of fire research, determination of the ignition causes is carried out by the method of successive elimination. Based on the functional features of the researchable object (a motor vehicle), established by expertise as an initial fire, the ignition of flammable liquid because of leakage from the fuel system, thermal development of the processes accompanying the emergency operation mode of the power grid could be possible ignition causes of the car. The authors pay special attention to the fire hazard of the electric system of a vehicle, which is determined by the fact that its individual elements can serve as a source of burning in case of an emergency in some functional chain. Establishment of initial fire causes increased complexity in connection with relatively small size of cars (especially light cars), fleetness of fires in vehicles and in case of failure to take recovery measures for burning in the initial stage and its development for the entire volume of the car. The results of applying the methodology were positively evaluated by independent expert companies.
Creating unique objects of architecture and environmental design with the use of additive technologies
Authors: Piirainen Viktor , Makhova Tatiana , Kiba Olga
Published: May 2023

The article considers the possibility of implementing bionic forms in architecture using additive technologies. Parametric buildings and design products interact with the surrounding space, political context, social norms, and cultural traditions. Additive technologies, as a way to implement the spatial structure in architecture and design, have allowed us to open new horizons of shaping in the design of spatial structures that are inaccessible to conventional production methods, or too time-consuming for them. With the use of additive manufacturing, you can develop a unique interior design or small architectural forms for the improvement of the urban environment. Students of the Sochi State University are working in this direction.
Calculating the mobile electronic charge unit operating performance in COMSOL software
Authors: Petrov T. , Basenko V. , Safin A. , Tsevtkov A.
Published: May 2023

The development of numerical analysis methods and, first of all, the finite element method (FEM), makes it possible to obtain accurate solutions for quite complex objects. Such objects include mobile electric vehicle charging units (MCUs). The MCU under development will have a rather complex design, experiencing significant static and dynamic loads in operation, so their reliable calculation is possible only with the help of FEM, which allows multivariant calculations with identification of weak points of the design.
Modern research in the development of information technologies
Authors: Lazarev Yuri , Luneva Svetlana , Bashkarev Albert , Ledyaev Alexander , Makovetskaya-Abramova Olga
Published: May 2023

Danger is a key concept of life safety it is, constantly being transforming and taking on new forms at the present time. Information and information technologies play an important role in the modern world, which causes the need for further research in this area, including to ensure the safety of various aspects of life. In modern research, it is presented that information flows are characterized by an information, energy component. Theodore van Houen, the creator of the theory of quantum entropy logic, showed in his theory that information flows have material properties, information is a material form of matter. The development of energy information technologies or methods of nonlinear forecasting, which is based on quantum entropy logic, currently opens up unlimited possibilities for obtaining information. These technologies are widely used in foreign countries for various purposes: for medical purposes for diagnosing diseases, as well as for the study of events in time and space. These technologies are being actively developed in our country in private laboratories and institutes and are used for preventive analysis in order to prevent unfavorably developing events.
Principles of increasing the spiritual and spiritual integrity of the population in possible emergency situations
Authors: Mardonova S.M. , Muratova G.S. , Sharafutdinova R.I. , Ochilova N.R.
Published: May 2023

In emergency situations, it is important to maintain the spiritual and mental integrity of the population. To do this, it is important to create a sense of safety and security within the population while also providing emotional support and spiritual guidance. This can be done through providing access to mental health services, providing emotional support and spiritual guidance, offering spiritual activities, and providing resources such as crisis hotlines.
Representation of the ecolinguistic paradigm of etiquette formulas in advertising interviews
Authors: Vartanova Natalia , Volodina Marina
Published: May 2023

Advertising discourse has a number of features related to the specific context in which the communication takes place. The addressee is usually sceptical, while the addresser uses the entire arsenal of language to make an impact. In this article, we focus on the use of etiquette formulas in interviews. The representation of the cultural code of the ecolinguistic paradigm is particularly diverse in formulas of speech etiquette. Etiquette (fr. étiquette - label, tag, etiquette) is the rules of behavior that ensure the maintenance of the existing in a given society (community) perceptions of what is appropriate [17]. Speech etiquette reflects the principles of communicative behaviour in a communication situation, considering role models and communication context. Speech etiquette implements ready, standardized, stable speech acts: both situations and applied speech formulas are standard. The article explores the concept of speech etiquette formulas in the system of advertising discourse, in the context of advertising interview, from the perspective of pragmatics and linguoculturology, as part of linguistic ecology.
Value and life-meaning orientations of adolescents with different levels of information awareness
Authors: Belousova Alla , Kosikova Lyudmila , Sinchenko Tatiana , Vyshkvyrkina Mariya , Belousova Ekaterina
Published: May 2023

The article examines the differences and interrelationships of value and life-meaning orientations in adolescents with different levels of information awareness. The information awareness of adolescents is considered as the leading factor determining the features of the interpretation of information. The study sample consisted of 70 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, 40 of them girls and 30 boys. The study was conducted on the basis of secondary schools in Rostov-on-Don. The research methods were the survey method, diagnostic methods, and statistical methods. According to the results of the study, the levels of information awareness of adolescents were identified, differences in terminal and instrumental value orientations among adolescents with different levels of information awareness, as well as the relationship of values with the level of information awareness were revealed. The conclusions can be used in the development of thematic correctional and developmental programs for working with adolescent students.
The problem of good and evil in the novel by K. S. Lewis "The Space Trilogy"
Authors: Efimova Ludmila , Aleksandrova Elena , Shekhireva Natalia , Rozhina Ekaterina , Gavrilova Elena
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the research lies in the study of the works of C. Lewis, which represent one of the few studies in modern philosophy and cultural studies on the example of the novel “Space Trilogy. In this regard, the purpose of the article was to investigate this work, which is a plot polyphony, the Christian concept of salvation, the life-affirming principle of the victory of good over evil, an extraordinary range of stylistic means, the drama and emotionality of the plot, the integrity and unity of the perception of the human personality, its role and place in the universe in accordance with God's plan for man, his right to freedom of choice. The objective of the research is to reveal the philosophical and religious dynamics and fiction of the writer as internally connected, which reflect the Christian position of the author. Novelty. For the first time, a systematic study of the prose of C.S. Lewis of 1930-1945 is presented in the light of Christian ideals that determine the genre specificity of his works. Both in foreign and domestic literary criticism, there are still no works devoted to this problem. The main research methods are the comparative method, the method of philosophical analysis, the dialectical method, the method of deduction and induction, which make it possible to analyze in detail this work of art in all its religious and philosophical diversity. The main results of the study are a comprehensive study and recognition of Lewis's works as a significant phenomenon of world culture, considered in a religious, theological and philosophical aspect. The depth of the changes taking place in modern society allows us to conclude that it is necessary to rely on the civilizational heritage, social justice, national equality, and historical roots. And also it is necessary to understand well that all totalitarian regimes have a deep similarity - they are all inhuman and godless. Foresight carried out in this direction of research is one of its strongest sides.
Management of technological competencies for the purpose of innovative development
Authors: Strenalyuk V. , Semenov A. , Kashirin A. , Pavlov E.
Published: May 2023

To date, the choice of an enterprise development strategy that ensures the growth of its competitiveness depends on the timely transition to targeted competency management. This work is aimed at researching and developing approaches to managing unique technological competencies (UTC), which can be used by modern corporations of the machine-building complex. Key words: unique technological competencies (UTC), key competencies, competitive strategy, matrix of unique competencies, organic and inorganic competencies.
The concept of increasing the efficiency of the enterprise in modern conditions
Authors: Nikitina Natalya
Published: May 2023

In today's highly competitive business environment, improving the efficiency of enterprise activities is a crucial task for successful functioning and development. To achieve efficiency, it is necessary not only to analyze the current situation but also to plan, make decisions, and control the implementation of the strategy. This article focuses on the methods of improving the efficiency of enterprise activities in a rapidly changing economic situation. The authors present the concept and mathematical model of effective enterprise development, describing the key parameters and principles. The study explores the main methods of business optimization and management tools that can help enterprises become more competitive and successful in the market. In addition, the article discusses the importance of investing in innovation and balancing financial capabilities with development prospects to increase the efficiency of enterprise activities. The limitations of the presented mathematical model and possible directions for further research are also considered, along with other factors that may be incorporated into the model but were not discussed in the article. The findings of this study could be of great value to managers, decision-makers, and researchers working in the field of business management and optimization.
Issues of the relationship between humanization, humanitarization and mathematical modeling in engineering education
Authors: Pinevich Elena , Gargatsova Svetlana , Safaryan Olga
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of humanization and humanitarization of education in a technical university. The importance of humanization of disciplines for the training of an engineers in demand by modern society is emphasized. The main types of humanitarization of mathematical education are considered. The components of the model of information processing by the human brain are presented. The relationship between the use of these models and the increase in students ' motivation to learn is established. The mechanisms of translating the received information into knowledge by humanization are given. The paper presents examples of the application of these approaches. Fuzzy logic, and as its constituent fuzzy relations, which are guided by both teachers and students, only partly includes clear logical structures. Such inclusion manifests itself in different situations in different subjects with different degrees of belonging. Therefore, when studying technical or other exact disciplines, with the effective use by the teacher of the degree of such inclusion, students will have a special features to show learning results that exceed their own capabilities. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the process that contributes to the development and improvement of the personal parameters of a future engineering specialist.
Determination of Influence of the oil production factor on the Russian economy
Authors: Vaganova Oksana , Melnikova Natalia , Gordya Daria , Konshina Lilia
Published: May 2023

Macroeconomic indicators characterizing the development of Russia has been analyzed during the study. The position of the Russian Federation in the world arena on the indicators of oil production and export has also been determined. The article describes the results of statistical analysis and forecasting of the oil market of the Russian Federation. An analysis of the dependence of monetary aggregates on factors of oil production, export and the price of oil has been conducted using three-factor model. A close relationship between the factors of oil and monetary aggregates has been revealed. The obtained results of the study are of interest for forecasting the economic state of the country and monitoring oil production volumes.
The impact of forensic accounting tools in investigating white-collar crime
Authors: Tong Tan Pei , Asokan Kannan , Munjal Iqbal Singh
Published: May 2023

This study examines the impact of forensic accounting tools in the investigation of white-collar crime in Malaysia. Models consist of multiple regression has been evaluated. Our results show, the impact Encase software, Computer Aided Audit Tools (CAAT), Forensic Toolkit (FTK), and ProDiscover Forensics have a significant relationship with investigating white-collar crime in Malaysia. Firstly, Encase is widely acknowledged as the world's premier provider of digital forensics, cyber security, and electronic discovery, making it the gold standard for criminal digital forensics. Secondly, CAAT allows a database of thousands of transactions to be centrally audited and finished more efficiently and quickly. Thirdly, FTK's primary purpose is speed and performance, hence it concentrates on pre-indexing files to improve speed. It is compatible with electronic discovery and mobility. Lastly, ProDiscover is a great computer security tool because it enables computer specialists to swiftly locate all data on computer disks and safeguard evidence for use in legal procedures. This study raises awareness of forensic accounting tools to investigate white-collar crime more effectively.
A study on the effect of macroeconomic factors on stock market performance in Malaysia
Authors: Siang Chan Ching , Rayappan Patricia
Published: May 2023

This study examines the effect of macroeconomic variables on stock market performance in Malaysia from January 2015 to December 2021. The macroeconomic variables included in this study are inflation rate, real effective exchange rate, m2 money supply and short-term interest rate. Johansen Cointegration Test has been utilized if the variables have long-term impact on Malaysian stock market performance; whereas regression analysis will quantify the impact. The results show that the real effective exchange rate has a moderate positive effect on KLCI index. Secondly, the inflation rate and overnight-policy rate have long-term positive effect on the KLCI index. M2 money supply has a long-term negative effect on the KLCI index. This study extends previous studies by examining the effect of macroeconomic variables on stock market performance in emerging market.
Divided square difference cordial Labeling of join some spider graphs
Authors: Christy T. , Palani G.
Published: May 2023

Let G be a graph with its vertices and edges. On defining bijective function ρ:V(G) →{0,1,...,p}. For each edge assign the label with 1 if ρ*(ab)= | ρ(a)2−ρ(b)2/ρ(a)−ρ(b) | is odd or 0 otherwise such that |eρ(1) − eρ(0)| ≤ 1 then the labeling is called as divided square difference cordial labeling graph. We prove in this paper for relatively possible set of spider graphs with atmost one legs greater than one namely J(SP(1m,2n)) ,J(SP(1m,2n,31)), (SP(1m,2n,32)),J(SP(1m,2n,41)),J(SP(1m,2n,51). AMS Mathematics Subject Classification:05C78.
Using neural networks for sustainable construction business development
Authors: Melnikov Lev , Tsapko Konstantin
Published: May 2023

The authors look at the application of neural networks to sustainable business development in the construction industry. The actual work of self-learning neural networks with statistical data tables in construction is studied. The possibilities of managing construction scheduling and material supply requirements from the point of view of work execution with the participation of neural networks are shown. Appropriate statistical indicators can be used in subsequent numerical calculations. Tables above all allow for the systematisation of numerical information. The study of large number of tables by neural networks allows statistical study not only of the collective as a whole, i.e., of the totality of objects and phenomena - macro-units, but also of subdivided collectives, i.e., separate parts of the whole - micro units and complex units (united by one attribute). Therefore, the subject of statistical sentence-table may be statistical population as a whole (macro units), aggregate dissected (separate observation units) - micro units and separate aggregate - complex units. This is quite understandable, because statistical judgement can refer to the object of observation at any stage of this process, i.e. as a result of the dissection of the population into micro units, combination of the latter into small populations (complex units) and generalization of micro units and complex units into units of the concept - macro units.According to the results of implementation of the automated control systems based on neural networks the high purity and quality of design solutions based on the automated data processing of production and economic activity of the construction organisation is achieved. Their actual economic efficiency is calculated.
Problems of sustainable economic development in modern conditions
Authors: Zinina Olga , Stupina Alena , Plotnikova Elena , Stupin Artem , Olentsova Julia
Published: May 2023

Solving the problems of sustainable economic development and improving the standard of living and well-being of the population in Russia is largely due to increasing the effectiveness of the system of strategic planning and management of socio-ecological and economic development of regions. For many years, the priority direction in the rural economy of the country has been the sectoral agrarian approach, including in areas with limited resource potential. This did not contribute to a breakthrough in the development of agriculture due to the destruction of established principles and relationships. Particular attention should be paid to the problem of infrastructure development in rural areas, economic entities engaged in the processing and sale of agricultural raw materials and products, local crafts and rural tourism, services.
Modern biomedical technologies for physical education classes as a basis for sustainable regional development
Authors: Gorelik V.V. , Marandykina O.V.
Published: May 2023

Objective of the study. To study the impact of physical exercise on physiological indicators of schoolchildren based on the express technology used in general education. Organization and methods of the study. The study involved 40 boys aged 10-12 years. The children were divided into two groups, EG and CG, with 20 pupils in each group. In the EG group the boys were engaged in corrective and developmental exercises. The classes were conducted twice a week for 45 minutes. In CG, the classes were conducted according to the standard programme for physical education classes. The research methods included hardware-software complex (HSC) "Varicard 2.51" Results. Indicators of the physiological norm, premorbid conditions and physiological disorders during physical education classes are presented. It is shown, that application of corrective-developmental exercises promotes optimization of functional condition of boys. After applying corrective development exercises in EG, a reliable improvement in the parameters studied was obtained, while no significant changes were found in the functional indices in CG. Conclusion. Optimization of the functional state of boys in EG at the final stage of the study in comparison with CG has been established.
Bypass discharge, approach velocities and bar spacing: the three key-parameters to efficiently protect silver eels with inclined racks
Authors: Tomanova Sylvie , Tissot Laurence , Tétard Stéphane , Richard Sylvain , Mercier Olivier , Mataix Vincent , Frey Aurélien , Lagarrigue Thierry , Tedesco Pablo A. , Courret Dominique
Published: May 2023

Hydropower energy can contribute to achieve the carbon neutrality goals, but also needs to reach environmental sustainability. Hydropower plants (HPP) constitute barriers to fish migrations that are essential for accomplishing their complete biological cycle. Fish downstream passage solutions (FDPS) have to be implemented to maximize their survival, guiding them away from the turbine intakes towards a safe passage alternative. Recent telemetry studies confirmed the efficiency of 26° inclined low bar spacing (20 mm) rack associated to surface bypasses, installed upstream HPPs, to protect downstream migrating Atlantic salmon smolts. Here we tested the efficiency of such FDPS for eel protection using radiotelemetry at four successive HPPs (with intake capacities from 28 to 45 m3.s−1) in the Ariège River (southern France). Between 52 and 74 eels, longer than 550 mm, entered the HPP intakes and 100% of them were protected from turbine passage. All eels crossed the HPP water intake using the surface bypasses, and the great majority in few minutes from their first presentation in front of the rack. These results showed that in such rack configuration, it is not necessary to add a specific bottom bypass, usually recommended for eels. We also showed the importance of optimal hydraulic conditions, mainly tangential (parallel to the rack) velocity and bypass discharge, to efficiently guide the eels towards the surface bypasses, reducing their passage time. Overall, our study provided key elements to water managers for designing an efficient FDPS for eels.
Berufsbezogene Anpassungsstörung
Authors: Kupferschmitt Alexa
Published: May 2023

Im Laufe des Lebens besteht die Herausforderung, sich an unterschiedliche Lebenssituationen im beruflichen Kontext anzupassen und mehr oder weniger gravierende Lebenskrisen wie ausgebliebene Beförderungen oder Arbeitsplatzverlust zu bewältigen. Das Konzept der Anpassungsstörung beschreibt einen Zustand des subjektiven Leidens und der emotionalen Beeinträchtigung, der nach einer größeren Lebensveränderung oder nach belastenden Lebensereignissen auftritt und das soziale und berufliche Funktionieren und die Leistung beeinträchtigt. Etwa 30 % aller Anpassungsstörungen werden durch berufliche Belastungs- oder Kränkungserlebnisse ausgelöst.
Die Rolle des Komplementsystems bei Nierenerkrankungen – Neue Aspekte
Authors: Zipfel Peter F. , Zipfel Svante , Wiech Thorsten
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?

Genaue Darstellung von Komplement bei Nierenerkrankungen nachgewiesen Eine fehlerhafte Komplementaktivierung bzw. eine defekte, unpräzise Regulation von einzelnen Reaktionen dieses Immunsystems sind in der Zwischenzeit bei mehreren unterschiedlichen Nierenerkrankungen klar aufgezeigt worden.

Komplementdefekte sind therapierbar Die komplementvermittelten Pathophysiologien bei den einzelnen Erkrankungen zeigen häufig eine stetige Überaktivierung einzelner Reaktionsschritte. Das genaue Verständnis dieser Mechanismen, die oft einhergehen mit Entzündungsreaktionen, Zellrekrutierung und Zellschädigung, erlauben eine gezielte Target-Identifizierung und den Einsatz von neuen Wirkstoffen. Aktuell gibt es eine Reihe von therapeutischen Wirkstoffen, die in die Komplementkaskade eingreifen. Mehrere Wirkstoffe sind schon für den therapeutischen Einsatz zugelassen, andere befinden sich in fortgeschrittener klinischer Erprobung und sind auf dem Weg zu einer Zulassung. Bei den Wirkstoffklassen für Nierenerkrankungen handelt es sich um monoklonale Antikörper, Nanobodies, die von der variablen Domäne von einzelsträngigen Lama- oder Kameliden-Antikörpern abgeleitet sind, kleine chemische Verbindungen, RNA-basierte Moleküle, sowie rekombinante Proteine.

Diagnostik von Komplement-Erkrankungen Aktuell werden Leitlinien zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten der Rolle des Komplementsystems bei Nierenerkrankungen erstellt. Viele der für die Komplement-Diagnostik relevanten Untersuchungen werden häufig nur von Speziallaboren angeboten.

Präzisierung von Biomarkern in klinischen Studien und Diagnostik-Leitfaden Die Identifikation von selektiven krankheitsspezifischen Biomarkern ist hochrelevant. Sie sind für die präzise Diagnose und für das Monitoring nach einer (komplement-)gerichteten Therapie von größter Bedeutung.

Komplement-Infektionen – Covid und Nierenerkrankung Bei COVID-19-Infektionen hat sich gezeigt, dass das stark aktivierte Komplementsystem zur Thromboinflammation und Schädigung der Niere beiträgt und einen erheblichen Faktor bei dieser Infektion darstellt.
Chronisch myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Crysandt Martina , Brümmendorf Tim H.
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?

Therapieentscheidung Neben der Wirksamkeit spielen individuelle
Therapieziele, Komorbiditäten, Komedikationen und auch Compliance-Themen eine zunehmende Rolle
bei der Auswahl des individuell zu präferierenden Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitors (TKI).

Nebenwirkungen Hier gilt es, die sog. Klasseneffekte (ein Effekt,
der unter allen TKIs bei einer bestimmten Klasse von TKIs auftreten kann) von den
substanzspezifischen Nebenwirkungen der einzelnen TKIs zu unterscheiden.

Was tun bei Nebenwirkungen und Unverträglichkeit? In Studien
konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch Anpassung der Dosis des TKIs (ggf. auch mit zeitlich
begrenzter Therapiepause) und/oder Änderung der Begleitmedikation eine Verbesserung der
Therapietreue (Adhärenz) in den meisten Fällen erreicht werden konnte.

Wie können TKI-Nebenwirkungen vermieden werden? Zur Evaluation
der Belastungen und Einschränkungen ist eine gute Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion entscheidend.
Hiermit wird das Therapieziel einer guten Wirksamkeit und Adhärenz am ehesten erreicht.
Endovaskuläre Therapie der pAVK – Therapieoptionen bei starker Verkalkung
Authors: Zeller Thomas , Noory Elias , Beschorner Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?

Aktuelle Studiendaten Die randomisierte Disrupt-III-Studie verglich die intravaskuläre Lithotrypsie verkalkter Plaques zur Läsionsvorbereitung vor medikamentenbeschichteter Ballon-Angioplastie (DCB) mit einer Vordilatation mit einem herkömmlichen Ballon. Die einarmige REALITY-Studie untersuchte die direktionale Atherektomie zur Läsionsvorbereitung vor DCB-Angioplastie. Beide Studien zeigten, dass sich auch schwer verkalkte Stenosen und Verschlüsse der femoropoplitealen Arterie bis zu 30cm Länge erfolgreich mit einer geringen Stent-Implantationsrate behandeln lassen. Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da sich in einer multivariaten Analyse eine Residualstenose > 30% nach DCB-Angioplastie als einziger unabhängiger Risikofaktor für eine Restenose erwiesen hat. Der potenzielle Nutzen der Lithotrypsie wurde auch in einer Studie an Zugangsarterien, die für die transfemorale Implantation von Aortenklappenprothesen benötigt werden, mit einer hohen Erfolgs- und niedrigen Komplikationsrate untersucht.

Technisches Verfahren zur Behandlung verkalkter Plaques: Intravaskuläre Lithotrypsie (IVL) Die intravaskuläre Lithotrypsie ist eine neue Katheter-Technologie. Dabei wird über einen in der Stenose inflatierten Ballon-Katheter durch die Emission pulsatiler akustischer Stoßwellen die verkalkte Plaque frakturiert. Ziel ist, kalkbedingtes Recoil und Dissektionen zu reduzieren. Dieses Therapiekonzept wird aktuell neben der femoropoplitealen Strombahn in anderen Gefäßprovinzen wie Unterschenkel- und Beckenarterien in klinischen Studien erprobt.

Atherektomie-Systeme sind bereits seit mehr als einer Dekade zur Therapie der pAVK etabliert, insbesondere die direktionale Atherektomie erlaubt es, exzentrische verkalkte Plaques gezielt zu entfernen. Klinische Studien untersuchen den möglicherweise additiven Effekt der Kombination einer mechanischen und biologischen Restenoseprophylaxe mittels DCB.
Near-peer compared to faculty teaching of abdominal ultrasound for medical students – A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Serra Andreas , Walter Robin , Hari Roman , Kälin Kaspar , Birrenbach Tanja , Tal Kali , Roumet Marie , Limacher Andreas , Huwendiek Sören
Published: May 2023

Purpose Medical schools increasingly rely on near-peer tutors for ultrasound teaching. We set out to compare the efficacy of a blended near-peer ultrasound teaching program to that of a faculty course in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods 152 medical students received 21 hours of ultrasound teaching either by near-peer teachers or medical doctors. The near-peer course consisted of blended learning that included spaced repetition. The faculty-led course was the European common course for abdominal sonography. The primary outcome measurement was the students’ ultrasound knowledge at month 6, assessed by structured examination (score 0 to 50). Secondary outcomes included scores at month 0 and changes in scores after the course.

Results Students in the near-peer group scored 37 points, and students in the faculty group scored 31 points six months after course completion. The difference of 5.99 points (95% CI 4.48;7.49) in favor of the near-peer group was significant (p<0.001). Scores immediately after the course were 3.8 points higher in the near-peer group (2.35; 5.25, p<0.001). Ultrasound skills decreased significantly in the six months after course completion in the faculty group (–2.41 points, [–3.39; –1.42], p<0.001]) but barely decreased in the near-peer group (–0.22 points, [–1.19; 0.75, p=0.66]).

Conclusion The near-peer course that combined blended learning and spaced repetition outperformed standard faculty teaching in basic ultrasound education. This study encourages medical schools to use peer teaching combined with e-learning and spaced repetition as an effective means to meet the increasing demand for ultrasound training.
Synthesis of 2-Benzyl-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)isoindolin-1-one Derivatives in Water under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao , Jin Liang , Li Hongxia , Meng Jia
Published: May 2023

We have developed a catalyst-free synthesis of a series of isoindolinone derivatives via a one-pot, three-component reaction in water using o-formylbenzoic acids, primary amines, and acetophenones as starting materials. An investigation of the influence of the solvent, the substrate molar ratio, the temperature, and the reaction time revealed that the reaction proceeded optimally in water at 70 °C over 12 hours to afford a wide range of isoindolinone derivatives in yields of up to 93%. This method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, environmental friendliness, and a broad substrate scope.
Ligand-Enabled Regio- and/or Stereoselective Hydroboration of Alkenes
Authors: Xu Senmiao , Chen Lili
Published: May 2023

Alkylboronic acids are widely used in medicinal chemistry, material sciences, and organic synthesis. Accordingly, a large number of methods have been developed for the regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of these structures. Transition-metal-catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes is one of the most convenient and direct methods. However, the stereoselective hydroboration of heteroatom-substituted alkenes and regioselective hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes are still challenging. In this account, we emphasize our recent work on ligand-enabled transition-metal-catalyzed regio- and/or stereoselective hydroboration of alkenes, including copper-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration of β-amidoacrylonitriles, β-amidoacrylate esters, indole-3-carboxylates, and iridium-catalyzed distal hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes.

1 Introduction

2 Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroboration of Enamine Derivatives

3 Iridium-Catalyzed Distal Hydroboration of Aliphatic Internal Alkenes

4 Conclusion
Synthesis of Ynamides by C(sp)–H Amidation
Authors: Lei Jian , Xie Xiaolan , Hou Na , Lin Yan
Published: May 2023

Ynamides are versatile reactive building blocks in organic chemistry; consequently, synthetic methodologies to fabricate these compounds have received extensive attention. The construction of a C–N bond between an alkyne surrogate and an amide is a powerful and practical way to access ynamides, and has been widely studied. Recently, the amidation of terminal alkynes has emerged as a straightforward alternative. This Synpacts article briefly summarizes the use of C(sp)–H amidation strategies to form ynamides; it also highlights our recent work on the synthesis of ynehydrazides through the copper-catalyzed addition of terminal alkynes to dialkyl azodicarboxylates. Finally, some future directions in this field are outlined.
Comparing Intubation Rates in the Delivery Room by Interface
Authors: Lamptey Naa-Lamle , Kopec Gretchen L. , Kaur Harveen , Fischer Ashley M.
Published: May 2023

Objective Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is crucial to the resuscitation of newborns. Although neonates often require PPV at birth, the optimal interface has not been determined. Both binasal prongs and face masks were deemed acceptable by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in 2010 and have been utilized at our center since 2016; however, the choice is by provider preference. Previous studies have suggested that binasal prongs may be more effective than face masks at avoiding intubation in the delivery room. The objective of this study is to compare intubation rates of binasal prongs versus face masks for delivery room resuscitation of neonates born < 30 weeks' gestation.

Study Design This retrospective study compares delivery room intubation rates by interface for neonates < 30 weeks' gestation born between August 2016 and April 2021 at our level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Exclusion criteria included diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, no PPV required, or no resuscitation attempted. Data collected included interface device, demographics, maternal data, delivery room data, admission data, and discharge outcomes. The three interface groups (binasal prongs, face mask, face mask, and binasal prongs) were compared utilizing chi-square, analysis of variance with post hoc analysis, and logistic regression.

Results Mean gestational ages and birth weights for the groups were 27.6 weeks and 1,126 g, 25.7 weeks and 839 g, and 27.1 weeks and 1,028 g, respectively. Neonates resuscitated with face masks were 9.9 times more likely to be intubated in the delivery room and 10.8 times more likely to be intubated at 6 hours of life compared with those resuscitated with binasal prongs after logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion The findings in our study support delivery room resuscitation with binasal prongs as a useful method in reducing the need for intubation both in the delivery room and at 6 hours of life. Further prospective studies are warranted.

Key Points
Inhibition effects of the applied dielectric on dimer-induced microwave plasma and focused hotspots
Authors: Shen Lei , Ran Qianting , Zhang Xingyi
Published: May 2023

There are still challenges in the precise control of microwave energy for the industrial production, one of which is the effective inhibition of microwave hotspots or thermal runaway during microwave radiation, which has become a long-standing problem for improving heating uniformity and further expanding applications. Nevertheless, the evolution process and the underlying mechanism of microwave hotspots in high-dielectric dimers within different applied dielectrics are not fully understood due to the difficulty of internal temperature measurement. In this Letter, an optical indirect observation method has been proposed to characterize the hotspots distribution inside the applied dielectric. The grapes with high relative permittivity have been selected, which are easy to cut and absorb microwave, to conduct an in situ investigation of microwave hotspots evolution for dimers in a domestic microwave oven using the thermal and optical imaging. The results show that with the increase in the relative permittivity of applied dielectric, the starting of microwave plasma is prevented, and the focused hotspots disappear. Most significantly, the heating uniformity of dimers in water is improved by about ten times compared to that in air. The reduction of the calculated focused energy density near the contact point verifies the weakening effect of applied dielectric on the microwave cooperative resonance of dimers and explains the experimental phenomenon. These findings can be directly applied to inhibit the formation of focused hotspots for dimers or even multi-particle systems during the microwave processing and also provide a better understanding for cooperative interaction of Mie resonances.
Compact generation of light beams carrying robust higher-order Poincaré polarization states
Authors: Dong Zhen , Zhu Yimeng , Liu Yonglei , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian , Setälä Tero , Chen Yahong
Published: May 2023

We propose a protocol for compact and efficient synthesis of a random vectorial source with a higher-order Poincaré (HOP) polarization state encoded into the spatial coherence structure. The procedure is based on the complex-random-mode representation of the cross-spectral density matrix and employs a single phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) and a common path interferometric system for the mode construction. The SLM displays a set of elaborated multiplexed holograms, which both encode the HOP polarization state and determine the statistical properties of the source. We demonstrate that the beam from the synthesized source can be highly robust against obstructions in the propagation path in the sense that the encoded HOP polarization state is well reconstructed in the far field (focal plane) even when an obstacle is introduced to largely block the source. The results are useful for the transmission of polarization-encoded information in complex media.
Tunable topological edge modes in Su–Schrieffer–Heeger arrays
Authors: Chaplain G. J. , Gliozzi A. S. , Davies B. , Urban D. , Descrovi E. , Bosia F. , Craster R. V.
Published: May 2023

A potential weakness of topological waveguides is that they act on a fixed narrow band of frequencies. However, by 3D printing samples from a photo-responsive polymer, we can obtain a device whose operating frequency can be fine-tuned dynamically using laser excitation. This greatly enhances existing static tunability strategies, typically based on modifying the geometry. We use a version of the classical Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model to demonstrate our approach.
Theoretical prediction of Be2B monolayer as an ultra-high performance anode material for magnesium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Xiao-Juan , Gao Qiang , Cao Hong-Bao , Wang Xiao-Han , Liu Chun-Sheng
Published: May 2023

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are expected to be an alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the lower cost and immanent safety of Mg. Presently, the major difficulty in breaking through MIBs technology is the lack of desirable anode materials. Based on first-principles calculations, we predict a two-dimensional material named the Be2B monolayer as an excellent anode material. The structural stability is confirmed by superior cohesive energy, positive phonon modes, excellent thermal stability, and strong mechanical stability. Afterward, we explore the performance of the Be2B monolayer as the anode material for MIBs. It exhibits stable Mg atom adsorption with an energy of −0.7 eV, low diffusion barrier (0.1 eV), ultra-high specific capacity (7436 mA h g−1), tiny lattice expansion (0.3%), and low average open-circuit voltage (0.29 V). Thereby, the above-mentioned intriguing findings suggest that the Be2B monolayer can act as a promising anode material for high performance MIBs.
A One Health look into the emergence of zoonotic viruses at the human-animal-environment interface
Authors: Mohamed Abdifetah , Abdi Wali Mahamed
Published: May 2023

Emerging zoonotic viruses are a major public health concern, and they have caused the majority of human infectious disease outbreaks in recent decades. It is known that the emergence of zoonotic diseases is facilitated by human-caused environmental changes such as deforestation and changes in global climatic conditions. However, the complex interactions between these environmental elements and the contribution of each factor to the emergence and spread of zoonotic viral pathogens are not sufficiently addressed. Therefore, this article presents an overview of the available scientific knowledge on the major anthropogenic and climatic drivers of emerging zoonotic viruses, and also discusses the interconnections among human health, animal health, and ecosystem health in the context of emerging zoonotic viruses, and how the One Health approach can be implemented in reducing the health risks of emerging zoonotic viral pathogens.

One Health impact statement

The One Health approach has got more attention post-COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are multiple challenges in its real-world application. This paper presents a general One Health application framework that describes how a national One Health risk analysis (OHRA) system can be designed and implemented to predict, prevent, and control emerging zoonotic viral pathogens at the human-animal-environment interface.
Governance principles for the wildlife trade to reduce spillover and pandemic risk
Authors: Biggs Duan , Peel Alison J. , Astaras Christos , Braczkowski Alexander , Cheung Hubert , Choi Chi-Yeung , Orume Robinson Diotoh , Cáceres-Escobar Hernán , Phelps Jacob , Plowright Raina K. , Rooyen Jacques , Velden Julia , McCallum Hamish
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath are the most significant socio-economic crises in modern history. The pandemic’s devastating impacts have prompted urgent policy and regulatory action to reduce the risks of future spillover events and pandemics. Stronger regulatory measures for the trade of wildlife are central to discussions of a policy response. A variety of measures, including broad bans on the trade and sale of wildlife to banning specific species for human consumption are among a suite of discussed options. However, the wildlife trade is diverse, complex, and important for the livelihoods of millions of people globally. We argue that reducing the risk of future pandemics stemming from the wildlife trade must follow established principles of governance which include being equitable, responsive, robust, and effective. We demonstrate how incorporating these principles will support the development of context-specific, culturally sensitive, and inclusive responses that recognize the on-the-ground complexity of disease emergence and the social-ecological systems in which the wildlife trade occurs.
Effects of Plasma Boundary Shape on Explosive Bursts Triggered by Tearing Mode in Toroidal Tokamak Plasmas with Reversed Magnetic Shear
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Liu Tong , Zhu Xiao-Long
Published: May 2023

Numerical research is conducted to investigate the effects of plasma boundary shape on the tearing mode triggering explosive bursts in toroidal tokamak plasmas. In this work, m/n = 2/1 mode is responsible for the triggering of the explosive burst. Plasma boundary shape can be adjusted via the adjustment of the parameters triangularity δ and elongation κ. The investigations are conducted both under low β (close to zero) and under finite β regimes. In the low β regime, triangularity and elongation both have stabilizing effect on the explosive burst, and the stabilizing effect of elongation is stronger. Under a large elongation (κ = 2.0), the elongation effect can evidently enhance the stabilizing effect in a positive triangularity regime, but barely affects the stabilizing effect in a negative triangularity regime. In the finite β regime, the explosive burst is delayed in comparison with that in the low β regime. Similar to the low β cases, the effects of triangularity and elongation both are stabilizing. Under a large elongation (κ = 2.0), the elongation effect can evidently enhance the stabilizing effect on the explosive burst in a positive triangularity regime, but impair the stabilizing effect in a negative triangularity regime. The explosive burst disappears in the large triangularity case (δ = 0.5), indicating that the explosive burst can be effectively prevented in experiments via carefully adjusting plasma boundary shape. Moreover, strong magnetic stochasticity appears in the negative triangularity case during the nonlinear phase.