bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution grids of daily air temperature for Peru - the new PISCOt v1.2 dataset
Authors: Huerta Adrian , Aybar Cesar , Imfeld Noemi , Correa Kris , Felipe-Obando Oscar , Rau Pedro , Drenkhan Fabian , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo
Published: December 2023

Gridded high-resolution climate datasets are increasingly important for a wide range of modelling applications. Here we present PISCOt (v1.2), a novel high spatial resolution (0.01°) dataset of daily air temperature for entire Peru (1981–2020). The dataset development involves four main steps: (i) quality control; (ii) gap-filling; (iii) homogenisation of weather stations, and (iv) spatial interpolation using additional data, a revised calculation sequence and an enhanced version control. This improved methodological framework enables capturing complex spatial variability of maximum and minimum air temperature at a more accurate scale compared to other existing datasets (e.g. PISCOt v1.1, ERA5-Land, TerraClimate, CHIRTS). PISCOt performs well with mean absolute errors of 1.4 °C and 1.2 °C for maximum and minimum air temperature, respectively. For the first time, PISCOt v1.2 adequately captures complex climatology at high spatiotemporal resolution and therefore provides a substantial improvement for numerous applications at local-regional level. This is particularly useful in view of data scarcity and urgently needed model-based decision making for climate change, water balance and ecosystem assessment studies in Peru.
HALD, a human aging and longevity knowledge graph for precision gerontology and geroscience analyses
Authors: Wu Zexu , Feng Cong , Hu Yanshi , Zhou Yincong , Li Sida , Zhang Shilong , Hu Yueming , Chen Yuhao , Chao Haoyu , Ni Qingyang , Chen Ming
Published: December 2023

Human aging is a natural and inevitable biological process that leads to an increased risk of aging-related diseases. Developing anti-aging therapies for aging-related diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and effects of aging and longevity from a multi-modal and multi-faceted perspective. However, most of the relevant knowledge is scattered in the biomedical literature, the volume of which reached 36 million in PubMed. Here, we presented HALD, a text mining-based human aging and longevity dataset of the biomedical knowledge graph from all published literature related to human aging and longevity in PubMed. HALD integrated multiple state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) techniques to improve the accuracy and coverage of the knowledge graph for precision gerontology and geroscience analyses. Up to September 2023, HALD had contained 12,227 entities in 10 types (gene, RNA, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, peptide, pharmaceutical preparations, toxin, mutation, and disease), 115,522 relations, 1,855 aging biomarkers, and 525 longevity biomarkers from 339,918 biomedical articles in PubMed. HALD is available at https://bis.zju.edu.cn/hald.
Assessment of the potential radiation hazards posed by Nubian sandstone, Egypt
Authors: Gawad Ahmed E. Abdel , Eliwa Hassan , Masoud Masoud S. , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Hanfi Mohamed Y.
Published: December 2023

The study found that the activity concentrations of the radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in the sandstone are 32 ± 13, 29.6 ± 12.2, and 132.6 ± 86.4 Bq kg−1, respectively. These values are lower than the reported worldwide limits of 33, 45, and 412 Bq kg−1. According to the present study, the absorbed dose rate (Dair), the annual effective dose, and the excess life time cancer were all found to be below the worldwide mean. Pearson correlation, PCA, and HCA were used to analyze the data and identify patterns in the relationship between radionuclides and radiological hazards. A statistical analysis of the sandstones showed that the radioactive elements 238U, 232Th and 40K are the main contributors to the radioactive risk. The study suggests that the sandstone is safe to use. The levels of radioactivity are not high enough to pose a risk to human health.
The provenance of the stones in the Menga dolmen reveals one of the greatest engineering feats of the Neolithic
Authors: Rodríguez José Antonio Lozano , Sanjuán Leonardo García , Álvarez-Valero Antonio M. , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco , Arrieta Jesús María , Fraile-Nuez Eugenio , Artús Raquel Montero , Cultrone Giuseppe , Muñoz-Carballeda Fernando Alonso , Martínez-Sevilla Francisco
Published: December 2023

The technical and intellectual capabilities of past societies are reflected in the monuments they were able to build. Tracking the provenance of the stones utilised to build prehistoric megalithic monuments, through geological studies, is of utmost interest for interpreting ancient architectures as well as to contribute to their protection. According to the scarce information available, most stones used in European prehistoric megaliths originate from locations near the construction sites, which would have made transport easier. The Menga dolmen (Antequera, Malaga, Spain), listed in UNESCO World Heritage since July 2016, was designed and built with stones weighting up to nearly 150 tons, thus becoming the most colossal stone monument built in its time in Europe (c. 3800–3600 BC). Our study (based on high-resolution geological mapping as well as petrographic and stratigraphic analyses) reveals key geological and archaeological evidence to establish the precise provenance of the massive stones used in the construction of this monument. These stones are mostly calcarenites, a poorly cemented detrital sedimentary rock comparable to those known as 'soft stones' in modern civil engineering. They were quarried from a rocky outcrop located at a distance of approximately 1 km. In this study, it can be inferred the use of soft stone in Menga reveals the human application of new wood and stone technologies enabling the construction of a monument of unprecedented magnitude and complexity.
Impairing cardiac oxygen supply in swimming coho salmon compromises their heart function and tolerance to acute warming
Authors: Ekström Andreas , Hendriks Brian , Van Wert Jacey C. , Gilbert Matthew J. H. , Farrell Anthony P. , Cooke Steven J. , Patterson David A. , Hinch Scott G. , Eliason Erika J.
Published: December 2023

Climatic warming elevates mortality for many salmonid populations during their physically challenging up-river spawning migrations, yet, the mechanisms underlying the increased mortality remain elusive. One hypothesis posits that a cardiac oxygen insufficiency impairs the heart’s capacity to pump sufficient oxygen to body tissues to sustain up-river swimming, especially in warm water when oxygen availability declines and cardiac and whole-animal oxygen demand increases. We tested this hypothesis by measuring cardiac and metabolic (cardiorespiratory) performance, and assessing the upper thermal tolerance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during sustained swimming and acute warming. By surgically ligating the coronary artery, which naturally accumulates arteriosclerotic lesions in migrating salmon, we partially impaired oxygen supply to the heart. Coronary ligation caused drastic cardiac impairment during swimming, even at benign temperatures, and substantially constrained cardiorespiratory performance during swimming and progressive warming compared to sham-operated control fish. Furthermore, upper thermal tolerance during swimming was markedly reduced (by 4.4 °C) following ligation. While the cardiorespiratory capacity of female salmon was generally lower at higher temperatures compared to males, upper thermal tolerance during swimming was similar between sexes within treatment groups. Cardiac oxygen supply is a crucial determinant for the migratory capacity of salmon facing climatic environmental warming.
Infectivity of exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols is sufficient to transmit covid-19 within minutes
Authors: Alsved Malin , Nyström Kristina , Thuresson Sara , Nygren David , Patzi-Churqui Marianela , Hussein Tareq , Fraenkel Carl-Johan , Medstrand Patrik , Löndahl Jakob
Published: December 2023

Exhaled SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols contributed significantly to the rapid and vast spread of covid-19. However, quantitative experimental data on the infectivity of such aerosols is missing. Here, we quantified emission rates of infectious viruses in exhaled aerosol from individuals within their first days after symptom onset from covid-19. Six aerosol samples from three individuals were culturable, of which five were successfully quantified using TCID50. The source strength of the three individuals was highest during singing, when they exhaled 4, 36, or 127 TCID50/s, respectively. Calculations with an indoor air transmission model showed that if an infected individual with this emission rate entered a room, a susceptible person would inhale an infectious dose within 6 to 37 min in a room with normal ventilation. Thus, our data show that exhaled aerosols from a single person can transmit covid-19 to others within minutes at normal indoor conditions.
Comparison of three different anastomotic methods of sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition using an obese rodent model
Authors: Chu Yuxiao , Widjaja Jason , Wang Jian , Wu Wei , Hong Jian , Zhu Xiaocheng , Yao Libin
Published: December 2023

The long-term effects and safety of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass have not been confirmed. The one anastomosis procedure carries the risk of bile reflux, and Braun anastomosis has the capacity to reduce bile reflux. This study was designed to compare the influences of bile reflux and histological changes in the esogastric sections of rats. Obese Sprague–Dawley rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (RYTB) (n = 12), SASI (n = 12), SASI bypass with Braun anastomosis (BTB) (n = 12), esojejunostomy (EJ) (n = 12), and SHAM (n = 8) surgery. During the 12-week follow-up period, weight changes, glucose improvement, and changes in serum nutrition were evaluated. Histological expression and bile acid concentration in the rats in all groups were also evaluated. No significant differences in weight loss and glucose improvements were observed in the RYTB, SASI, and BTB groups. The RYTB and BTB groups had significantly lower bile acid concentration and albumin levels than the SASI group. In addition, mucosal height in the RYTB and BTB groups was significantly lower than in the SASI group. Braun anastomosis had a significant effect on anti-reflux. BTB may be a superior primary procedure due to its potential for parallel bariatric and metabolic improvements, effective anti-reflux effects, simplified operations, and avoidance of severe malnutrition. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
COVID-19 outcome is not affected by anti-CD20 or high-titer convalescent plasma in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Kasten Mary J. , Lahr Brian D. , Parisapogu Anusha , Yetmar Zachary A. , O’Horo John C. , Orenstein Robert , Moreno Franco Pablo , Razonable Raymund R. , Vergidis Paschalis , Shah Aditya S. , Enzler Mark J. , Inwards David J. , Bauer Philippe R.
Published: December 2023

The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in immunosuppressed individuals remains controversial. We describe the course of COVID-19 in patients who had received anti-CD20 therapy within the 3 years prior to infection. We compared outcomes between those treated with and those not treated with high titer SARS-CoV2 convalescent plasma. We identified 144 adults treated at Mayo clinic sites who had received anti-CD20 therapies within a median of 5.9 months prior to the COVID-19 index date. About one-third (34.7%) were hospitalized within 14 days and nearly half (47.9%) within 90 days. COVID-19 directed therapy included anti-spike monoclonal antibodies (n = 30, 20.8%), and, among those hospitalized within 14 days (n = 50), remdesivir (n = 45, 90.0%), glucocorticoids (n = 36, 72.0%) and convalescent plasma (n = 24, 48.0%). The duration from receipt of last dose of anti-CD20 therapy did not correlate with outcomes. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 14.7%. Administration of convalescent plasma within 14 days of the COVID-19 diagnosis was not significantly associated with any study outcome. Further study of COVID-19 in CD20-depleted individuals is needed focusing on the early administration of new and potentially combination antiviral agents, associated or not with vaccine-boosted convalescent plasma.
Circular utilization of discarded oyster farming bamboo scaffolding in pulp and papermaking
Authors: Sun Hao-Chen , Lai Yu-Hsun , Huang Kuan-Yeh , Huang Ssu-Yu , Shyu Jiann-Gwo , Perng Yuan-Shing
Published: December 2023

Oyster Farming is one of important fisheries and aquaculture industries in Taiwan. Each year, approximately 4000–5000 tons of discarded bamboo scaffolding (BS) used in oyster farming, are generated, so the treatment and utilization of BS should be taken seriously. This study evaluates the suitability of BS for pulp and papermaking by assessing the chemical compositions, microstructural, and fiber morphology. The pulping properties is investigated by soda pulping. The chemical composition of BS shows the potential for application in pulping. The BS microstructure shows that can enhance pulping reactions, while the fiber morphology indicates the possibility of producing high-strength paper. Through the pulping experiment, it demonstrated that BS is suitable for pulping with lower NaOH dosage and longer digestion time. The condition at 170 °C with 14% NaOH dosage for 90 min digestion has the highest yield. After refining the highest pulping yield BS pulp, it can improve the handsheet strength and bulk of the OCC-BS mixed pulp, which can achieve the strength property required for industrial paper. In summary, BS exhibits the potential for pulping application and produces a better paper strength than OCC pulp, exhibiting the feasibility of enhancing the circular utilization value of BS in Taiwan.
Explaining conflict violence in terms of conflict actor dynamics
Authors: Tkacova Katerina , Idler Annette , Johnson Neil , López Eduardo
Published: December 2023

We study the severity of conflict-related violence in Colombia at an unprecedented granular scale in space and across time. Splitting the data into different geographical regions and different historically-relevant periods, we uncover variations in the patterns of conflict severity which we then explain in terms of local conflict actors' different collective behaviors and/or conditions using a simple mathematical model of conflict actors' grouping dynamics (coalescence and fragmentation). Specifically, variations in the approximate scaling values of the distributions of event lethalities can be explained by the changing strength ratio of the local conflict actors for distinct conflict eras and organizational regions. In this way, our findings open the door to a new granular spectroscopy of human conflicts in terms of local conflict actor strength ratios for any armed conflict.
Regulation of myogenesis and adipogenesis by the electromagnetic perceptive gene
Authors: Hwang Jangsun , Jung Hae Woon , Kim Kyung Min , Jeong Daun , Lee Jin Hyuck , Hong Jeong-Ho , Jang Woo Young
Published: December 2023

Obesity has been increasing in many regions of the world, including Europe, USA, and Korea. To manage obesity, we should consider it as a disease and apply therapeutic methods for its treatment. Molecular and therapeutic approaches for obesity management involve regulating biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein in adipose-derived stem cells to prevent to be fat cells. Multiple factors are believed to play a role in fat differentiation, with one of the most effective factor is Ca2+. We recently reported that the electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) regulated intracellular Ca2+ levels under various electromagnetic fields. This study aimed to investigate whether EPG could serve as a therapeutic method against obesity. We confirmed that EPG serves as a modulator of Ca2+ levels in primary adipose cells, thereby regulating several genes such as CasR, PPARγ, GLU4, GAPDH during the adipogenesis. In addition, this study also identified EPG-mediated regulation of myogenesis that myocyte transcription factors (CasR, MyoG, MyoD, Myomaker) were changed in C2C12 cells and satellite cells. In vivo experiments carried out in this study confirmed that total weight/ fat/fat accumulation were decreased and lean mass was increased by EPG with magnetic field depending on age of mice. The EPG could serve as a potent therapeutic agent against obesity.
Improving portable low-field MRI image quality through image-to-image translation using paired low- and high-field images
Authors: Islam Kh Tohidul , Zhong Shenjun , Zakavi Parisa , Chen Zhifeng , Kavnoudias Helen , Farquharson Shawna , Durbridge Gail , Barth Markus , McMahon Katie L. , Parizel Paul M. , Dwyer Andrew , Egan Gary F. , Law Meng , Chen Zhaolin
Published: December 2023

Low-field portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are more accessible, cost-effective, sustainable with lower carbon emissions than superconducting high-field MRI scanners. However, the images produced have relatively poor image quality, lower signal-to-noise ratio, and limited spatial resolution. This study develops and investigates an image-to-image translation deep learning model, LoHiResGAN, to enhance the quality of low-field (64mT) MRI scans and generate synthetic high-field (3T) MRI scans. We employed a paired dataset comprising T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences from the 64mT and 3T and compared the performance of the LoHiResGAN model with other state-of-the-art models, including GANs, CycleGAN, U-Net, and cGAN. Our proposed method demonstrates superior performance in terms of image quality metrics, such as normalized root-mean-squared error, structural similarity index measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and perception-based image quality evaluator. Additionally, we evaluated the accuracy of brain morphometry measurements for 33 brain regions across the original 3T, 64mT, and synthetic 3T images. The results indicate that the synthetic 3T images created using our proposed LoHiResGAN model significantly improve the image quality of low-field MRI data compared to other methods (GANs, CycleGAN, U-Net, cGAN) and provide more consistent brain morphometry measurements across various brain regions in reference to 3T. Synthetic images generated by our method demonstrated high quality both quantitatively and qualitatively. However, additional research, involving diverse datasets and clinical validation, is necessary to fully understand its applicability for clinical diagnostics, especially in settings where high-field MRI scanners are less accessible.
EpiVECS: exploring spatiotemporal epidemiological data using cluster embedding and interactive visualization
Authors: Mason Lee , Hicks Blànaid , Almeida Jonas S.
Published: December 2023

The analysis of data over space and time is a core part of descriptive epidemiology, but the complexity of spatiotemporal data makes this challenging. There is a need for methods that simplify the exploration of such data for tasks such as surveillance and hypothesis generation. In this paper, we use combined clustering and dimensionality reduction methods (hereafter referred to as ‘cluster embedding’ methods) to spatially visualize patterns in epidemiological time-series data. We compare several cluster embedding techniques to see which performs best along a variety of internal cluster validation metrics. We find that methods based on k-means clustering generally perform better than self-organizing maps on real world epidemiological data, with some minor exceptions. We also introduce EpiVECS, a tool which allows the user to perform cluster embedding and explore the results using interactive visualization. EpiVECS is available as a privacy preserving, in-browser open source web application at https://episphere.github.io/epivecs.
Simplified assessment of castration-induced pain in pigs using lower complexity algorithms
Authors: da Silva Gustavo Venâncio , Pivato Giovana Mancilla , Peres Beatriz Granetti , Luna Stelio Pacca Loureiro , Pairis-Garcia Monique Danielle , Trindade Pedro Henrique Esteves
Published: December 2023

Pigs are raised on a global scale for commercial or research purposes and often experience pain as a by product of management practices and procedures performed. Therefore, ensuring pain can be effectively identified and monitored in these settings is critical to ensure appropriate pig welfare. The Unesp-Botucatu Pig Composite Acute Pain Scale (UPAPS) was validated to diagnose pain in pre-weaned and weaned pigs using a combination of six behavioral items. To date, statistical weighting of supervised and unsupervised algorithms was not compared in ranking pain-altered behaviors in swine has not been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if supervised and unsupervised algorithms with different levels of complexity can improve UPAPS pain diagnosis in pigs undergoing castration. The predictive capacity of the algorithms was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). Lower complexity algorithms containing fewer pain-altered behaviors had similar AUC (90.1–90.6) than algorithms containing five (89.18–91.24) and UPAPS (90.58). In conclusion, utilizing a short version of the UPAPS did not influence the predictive capacity of the scale, and therefore it may be easier to apply and be implemented consistently to monitor pain in commercial and experimental settings.
The Notch1 signaling pathway directly modulates the human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Padovano Costanzo , Bianco Salvatore Daniele , Sansico Francesca , De Santis Elisabetta , Tamiro Francesco , Colucci Mattia , Totti Beatrice , Di Iasio Serena , Bruno Gaja , Panelli Patrizio , Miscio Giuseppe , Mazza Tommaso , Giambra Vincenzo
Published: December 2023

Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway with a key role in tissue homeostasis, differentiation and proliferation. It was reported that Notch1 receptor negatively regulates mouse osteoclast development and formation by inhibiting the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in mesenchymal cells. Nonetheless, the involvement of Notch1 pathway in the generation of human osteoclasts is still controversial. Here, we report that the constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling induced a differentiation block in human mononuclear CD14+ cells directly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon in vitro stimulation to osteoclasts. Additionally, using a combined approach of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) simultaneously with a panel of 31 oligo-conjugated antibodies against cell surface markers (AbSeq assay) as well as unsupervised learning methods, we detected four different cell stages of human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis after 5 days in which Notch1 signaling enforces the cell expansion of specific subsets. These cell populations were characterized by distinct gene expression and immunophenotypic profiles and active Notch1, JAK/STAT and WNT signaling pathways. Furthermore, cell–cell communication analyses revealed extrinsic modulators of osteoclast progenitors including the IL7/IL7R and WNT5a/RYK axes. Interestingly, we also report that Interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) was a downstream effector of Notch1 pathway and that Notch1 and IL7R interplay promoted cell expansion of human RANKL-induced osteoclast progenitors. Taken together, these findings underline a novel cell pattern of human osteoclastogenesis, outlining the key role of Notch1 and IL-7R signaling pathways.
Defects detection of GMAW process based on convolutional neural network algorithm
Authors: Li Haichao , Ma Yixuan , Duan Mingrui , Wang Xin , Che Tong
Published: December 2023

It is significant to predict welding quality during gas metal arc welding process. The welding defect detection algorithm has been developed based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The sensing system and image processing algorithm for molten pools has been developed. It overcomes the interference caused by the arc light to obtain clear images of the molten pool's boundaries. The molten pools images are used to build up training set and test set for training and testing the CNN model. The model is designed to extract the visual features of molten pool images to predict the penetration state, the welding crater, and slags. Through optimizing the network parameters such as kernel-size, batch-size and learning rate, the prediction accuracy is higher than 95%. Moreover, the model enhances additional focus on the welding crater based on the welder experience. The mechanisms between molten pool characteristics and welding defects were analyzed based on the welder experience and the visual features of the model. It is found that the model judges the occurrence of burn-through with the black hole in the middle zone of the molten pool. When the surface pores are generated, the model exhibits a strong response to circular voids in the semi-solid region at the trailing end of the molten pool. The size and shape of fusion holes exhibit a strong correlation with the molten state. When the shape of the crater does not appear concave, it often signifies excessive penetration. It contributes to enhancing the algorithm's robustness during various welding scenarios.
A two-kinesin mechanism controls neurogenesis in the developing brain
Authors: Helmer Paige , Vallee Richard B.
Published: December 2023

During the course of brain development, Radial Glial Progenitor (RGP) cells give rise to most of the neurons required for a functional cortex. RGPs can undergo symmetric divisions, which result in RGP duplication, or asymmetric divisions, which result in one RGP as well as one to four neurons. The control of this balance is not fully understood, but must be closely regulated to produce the cells required for a functioning cortex, and to maintain the stem cell pool. In this study, we show that the balance between symmetric and asymmetric RGP divisions is in part regulated by the actions of two kinesins, Kif1A and Kif13B, which we find have opposing roles in neurogenesis through their action on the mitotic spindle in dividing RGPs. We find that Kif1A promotes neurogenesis, whereas Kif13B promotes symmetric, non-neurogenic divisions. Interestingly, the two kinesins are closely related in structure, and members of the same kinesin-3 subfamily, thus their opposing effects on spindle orientation appear to represent a novel mechanism for the regulation of neurogenesis.
Ultra-high-resolution mapping of ambient fine particulate matter to estimate human exposure in Beijing
Authors: Wang Yongyue , Li Qiwei , Luo Zhenyu , Zhao Junchao , Lv Zhaofeng , Deng Qiuju , Liu Jing , Ezzati Majid , Baumgartner Jill , Liu Huan , He Kebin
Published: December 2023

With the decreasing regional-transported levels, the health risk assessment derived from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become insufficient to reflect the contribution of local source heterogeneity to the exposure differences. Here, we combined the both ultra-high-resolution PM2.5 concentration with population distribution to provide the personal daily PM2.5 internal dose considering the indoor/outdoor exposure difference. A 30-m PM2.5 assimilating method was developed fusing multiple auxiliary predictors, achieving higher accuracy (R2 = 0.78–0.82) than the chemical transport model outputs without any post-simulation data-oriented enhancement (R2 = 0.31–0.64). Weekly difference was identified from hourly mobile signaling data in 30-m resolution population distribution. The population-weighted ambient PM2.5 concentrations range among districts but fail to reflect exposure differences. Derived from the indoor/outdoor ratio, the average indoor PM2.5 concentration was 26.5 μg/m3. The internal dose based on the assimilated indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration shows high exposure diversity among sub-groups, and the attributed mortality increased by 24.0% than the coarser unassimilated model.
Synthesis and activation of pH-sensitive metal–organic framework Sr(BDC)∞ for oral drug delivery
Authors: Vodyashkin Andrey , Sergorodceva Antonina , Kezimana Parfait , Morozova Mariya , Nikolskaya Elena , Mollaeva Mariia , Yabbarov Nikita , Sokol Maria , Chirkina Margarita , Butusov Leonid , Timofeev Alexey
Published: December 2023

Development and characterization of Sr(BDC) MOFs. Activation, sorption properties, and biological activity assessment.
Cage compound Sc5Pt24B12: a Pt-stuffed variant of filled skutterudite structure. Electronic and structural properties
Authors: Salamakha Leonid , Sologub Oksana , Stöger Berthold , Michor Herwig , Bauer Ernst , Rogl Peter F.
Published: December 2023

The cage compound Sc5Pt24B12 (a) is characterized by an anionic covalently bonded framework of [BPt6] trigonal prisms (b) embedding scandium cations in icosahedral (c) and cubooctahedral (d) cavities.
Critical role of dopant in NiOx hole transport layer for mitigating redox reactivity at NiOx/absorber interface in mixed cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sudhakaran Menon Vidya , Ganesan Saraswathi , Raman Rohith Kumar , Alagumalai Ananthan , Krishnamoorthy Ananthanarayanan
Published: December 2023

V-dopant’s hard acid electronic nature reduces the Lewis acid-base reaction at NiOx/perovskite interface. This work shows that the redox process mediated by Ni3+ ions is inhibited even when the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio rises with doping.
Simultaneously tuning the luminescent color and realizing an optical temperature sensor by negative thermal expansion in Sc2(WO4)3:Tb/Eu phosphors
Authors: Fu Biao , Yan Haokun , Li Renfu , Liao Ziqian , Qiu Bao , Gong Guoliang , Huang Haiping , Sun Yijian , Wen He-Rui , Liao Jinsheng
Published: December 2023

SWO:Tb/Eu phosphors with negative thermal expansion demonstrate simultaneous luminescent color tuning and optical temperature sensor implementation. Water molecules bring about a change in thermal expansion behavior and energy transfer efficiency.
The high-efficiency coupling of a Ni2+ coordinated/uncoordinated pyridine N-COF self-supporting nanofilm as an asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zhang Zihao , Xing Xuteng , Xu Xiaoyang , Zhang Xiangjing , Liu Haining , He Peng , Ren Peng , Zhang Bingzhu
Published: December 2023

Large-area COF film was prepared on a gas–liquid interface under the SDBS limiting/guiding function, followed by anchoring Ni2+ on the N in BPY, which can assemble the high-performance asymmetric film supercapacitor.
A truncated triangular prism constructed by using imidazole–terpyridine building blocks
Authors: Guan Yu-Ming , Bai Qixia , Zhang Zhe , Wu Tun , Xie Ting-Zheng , Wang Pingshan
Published: December 2023

A truncated triangular prism was designed for synthesis as well as characterization.
Ganoderma lucidum methyl ganoderate E extends lifespan and modulates aging-related indicators in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Okoro Nkwachukwu Oziamara , Odiba Arome Solomon , Han Junjie , Osadebe Patience Ogoamaka , Omeje Edwin Ogechukwu , Liao Guiyan , Liu Yichen , Jin Cheng , Fang Wenxia , Liu Hongwei , Wang Bin
Published: December 2023

Ganoderma lucidum methyl ganoderate E (MGE) improves healthspan and extends lifespan through the insulin/IGF-1 pathway, modulating neuroactive signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.
Exploiting Locusta migratoria as a source of bioactive peptides with anti-fibrosis properties using an in silico approach
Authors: Teixeira Carla S. S. , Biltes Rita , Villa Caterina , Sousa Sérgio F. , Costa Joana , Ferreira Isabel M. P. L. V. O. , Mafra Isabel
Published: December 2023

Peptides capable of selectively inhibiting the N-subunit of the somatic angiotensin-I converting enzyme (sACE) were obtained by a molecular docking protocol.
The targeted development of collagen-active peptides based on composite enzyme hydrolysis: a study on the structure–activity relationship
Authors: Hu Xinnuo , Yang Yanjun , Chang Cuihua , Li Junhua , Su Yujie , Gu Luping
Published: December 2023

APG exhibited a higher proportion of proline at the C-terminal with high ACE inhibition ability while AP stimulated the proliferative activity of fibroblasts.
Research progress of metal–organic framework nanozymes in bacterial sensing, detection, and treatment
Authors: An Yiwei , Fang Xuankun , Cheng Jie , Yang Shuiyuan , Chen Zuanguang , Tong Yanli
Published: December 2023

In this review, we focus on the application of MOF-based nanozymes with natural enzyme activity in bacterial detection and therapy, and we believe that MOF-based nanozymes will have a broader development space in the biomedical field in the future.
Multiscale tribology analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved stretching surface
Authors: Muhammad Khursheed , Ahmed Bilal , Sharaf Mohamed , Afikuzzaman Mohammad , Az-Zo'bi Emad A.
Published: December 2023

In this study, we investigate the interactions of a hybrid nanofluid on a curved surface that is being stretched.
Discrimination of aniline and benzaldehyde assisted with Fisher's base
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Lu Zhihao , Zou Xiaocong , Xie Xiunan , You Jinmao , Li Zan
Published: December 2023

A novel strategy for the detection and discrimination of benzene series compounds in effluent and food by the unique reaction of Cy237 with aniline and benzaldehyde under LED light irradiation was developed.
A high performance and long-cycling bi-functional carbon electrode derived from Phyllanthus emblica (amla) for potassium ion batteries and supercapacitors
Authors: Bongu Chandra Sekhar , Gopalakrishnan Arthi , Sharma Chandra Shekhar
Published: December 2023

High energy and power density electrodes are derived from biowaste (amla).
Synthesis of benzimidazole-fused 1,4-benzoxazepines and benzosultams spiro-connected to a 2-oxindole core via a tandem epoxide-opening/SNAr approach
Authors: Gogoi Abhijit , Mukhopadhyay Subhamoy , Chouhan Raju , Das Sajal Kumar
Published: December 2023

A one-pot, transition-metal-free, regioselective synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives containing benzimidazole-fused 1,4-benzoxazepine and benzosultam scaffolds has been developed.
Synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates via thiol coupling with bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine and sulphenyl chloride
Authors: Hussain Feroze , Ahmed Sajjad , Padder Ashiq Hussain , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: December 2023

In this study, we report a novel and efficient one-pot synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates under mild conditions at ambient temperature, obviating the requirement for supplementary additives.
Recent advances on three-dimensional ordered macroporous metal oxide-based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Jia Runlong , Wang Yijie , Li Aoshuang , Cheng Chuanwei
Published: December 2023

Recent advances in 3DOM metal oxide-based photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting are summarized. The advantages of an ordered structure from the perspective of photo-electrocatalysis mechanism and morphological design are also introduced.
Co-encapsulated astaxanthin and kaempferol nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization, and their potential synergistic effects on treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Oanh Ho Thi , Hoai Thu Ngo Thi , Van Hanh Nguyen , Hoang Mai Ha , Minh Hien Hoang Thi
Published: December 2023

Astaxanthin/kaempferol co-encapsulated nanoparticles were fabricated using cremophor RH40 and lecithin as surface-active agents, and β-cyclodextrin as an encapsulating agent. The nanoparticles showed high dispersibility and stability in aqueous solutions, which enhances their bioactivity.
Enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation of CdS using dual-cocatalysts: effect of the coordination–reduction method
Authors: Shi Zhisheng , Li Yaoyao , Liu Chaofan , Li Xingyang , Miao Zongcheng , Yang Renchun
Published: December 2023

In the Ni–NiS dual-cocatalyst system, metallic Ni not only serves as an electron extracting agent, but also can serve as a photosensitizer to enhance the light absorption, while NiS acts as a hole reservoir.
The Minimum Protein Staple? – Towards ‘bio’-Baldwin's rules via inter-phosphosite linking in the MEK1 activation loop
Authors: Galan Sébastien R. G. , Raj Ritu , Mamalis Dimitrios , Jones Lyn H. , Mohammed Shabaz , Davis Benjamin G.
Published: December 2023

One-out-of-six regioselectivity allows the use of poly-Cys arrays to report on protein structure and reactivity in a biological extension of the Baldwin rules.
Molecular-weight effects of a homopolymer on the AB- and ABC-stacks of perforations in block copolymer/homopolymer films
Authors: Sun Ya-Sen , Liao Yin-Ping , Hung Hsiang-Ho , Chiang Pei-Hsuan , Su Chun-Jen
Published: December 2023

We characterize structural revolutions of perforated layers and intermediate phases in blend films during thermal annealing by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering.
The role of poroelastic diffusion in the transient wetting behavior of hydrogels
Authors: Kashani Amir , Cho H. Jeremy
Published: December 2023

We find that the collapse of a droplet on a hydrogel is dictated by competing timescales of contact line advancement and water diffusion into the gel.
Solar cycle variation in the properties of photospheric magnetic concentrations
Authors: Song Anchuan , Zhang Quanhao , Wang Yuming , Liu Rui , Jiang Jie , Li Xiaolei , Liu Jiajia , Lv Shaoyu , Zheng Ruobing
Published: December 2023

It is widely accepted that eruptive phenomena on the Sun are related to the solar magnetic field, which is closely tied to the observed magnetic concentrations (MCs). Therefore, studying MCs is critical in order to understand the origin and evolution of all forms of solar activity. In this paper, we investigate the statistics of characteristic physical parameters of MCs during a whole solar cycle by analyzing magnetograms from 2010 to 2021 observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We discover that there are differences between large- and small-scale MCs in diffenent phases of the solar cycle. By analyzing the distributions of the magnetic flux, area, and magnetic energy of MCs, we find that the small-scale MCs obey a power-law distribution, and that the power indices vary very little with the phases of the solar cycle. However, for the large-scale MCs, although they also obey the power-law distribution, the power indices are clearly modulated by the different phases of the solar cycle. We also investigate the relation between the maximum magnetic field strength (Bmax) and the area of MCs (S) and find the same property. The relation for the large-scale MCs is modulated by the phases of the solar cycle, while it is still independent of the phases of the solar cycle for the small-scale MCs. Our results suggest that small- and large-scale MCs could be generated by different physical mechanisms.
Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
Authors: Díaz-Márquez Elena , Grau Roger , Busquet Gemma , Girart Josep Miquel , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Palau Aina , Povich Matthew S. , Añez-López Nacho , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Zhang Qizhou , Estalella Robert
Published: December 2023

Context. The infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G14.225-0.506 is part of the extended and massive molecular cloud located to the southwest of the H II region M17. The cloud is associated with a network of filaments, which result in two different dense hubs, as well as with several signposts of star formation activity and a rich population of protostars and young stellar objects (YSOs).

Aims. The aim of this work is to study the centimeter continuum emission in order to characterize the stellar population in both regions, as well as to study the evolutionary sequence across the IRDC G14.225-0.506.

Methods. We performed deep (~ 1.5–3 μJy) radio continuum observations at 6 and 3.6 cm toward the IRDC G14.225-0.506 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in its most extended A configuration (~0.3″). Data at both C and X bands were imaged using the same (u,v) range in order to derive spectral indices. We have also made use of observations taken during different days to study the presence of variability at short timescales toward the detected sources.

Results. We detected a total of 66 sources, 32 in the northern region G14.2-N and 34 in the southern region G14.2-S. Ten of the sources are found to be variable, with three located in G14.2-N and seven in G14.2-S. Based on their spectral index, the emission in G14.2-N is mainly dominated by nonthermal sources while G14.2-S contains more thermal emitters. Approximately 75% of the sources present a counterpart at other wavelengths. When considering the inner 0.4 pc region around the center of each hub, the number of infrared (IR) sources in G14.2-N is larger than in G14.2-S by a factor of 4. We also studied the relation between the radio luminosity and the bolometric luminosity, finding that the thermal emission of the studied sources is compatible with thermal radio jets. For our sources with X-ray counterparts, the nonthermal emitters follow a Güdel-Benz relation with κ = 0.03, as previously suggested for other similar regions.

Conclusions. We found similar levels of fragmentation between G14.2-N and G14.2-S, suggesting that both regions are most likely twin hubs. The nonthermal emission found in the less evolved objects, mainly coming from G14.2-N, suggests that G14.2-N may be composed of more massive YSOs as well as being in a more advanced evolutionary stage, consistent with the “filament-halo” gradient in age and mass from previous works. Overall, our results confirm a wider evolutionary sequence from the southwest to northeast starting in G14.2-S as the youngest part, followed by G14.2-N, and ending with the most evolved region M17.
Attosecond Science: an emerging field brought to light by the Physics Nobel Prize
Authors: Ruchon Thierry , Cornaggia Christian , Haessler Stefan , Monot Pascal , Salières Pascal
Published: December 2023

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to Anne L’Huillier, Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”. In this article, we contextualize their seminal works and their central roles that led to the emergence of a global ultrafast community exploring the frontiers of electron dynamics in dilute and condensed matter.
Backward stimulated Brillouin scattering spatial gain with polarization, spatial, and temporal beam smoothing techniques
Authors: Ruyer C. , Fusaro A. , Capdessus R. , Debayle A. , Loiseau P. , Masson-Laborde P. E. , Morice O.
Published: December 2023

A recent study [Ruyer et al., Phys. Rev. E 107, 035208 (2023)] modeling the influence of a random phase plate on the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering growth is here supplemented with the effect of temporal and polarization smoothing. Our analytical predictions are validated by a large number of three dimensional Hera paraxial simulations for various beam smoothing techniques and relevant to most high energy laser facilities. Neglecting all non-linear effects apart from the pump depletion, we then reconstruct the system of differential equations that the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering convective amplification of a smoothed beam propagating in a non-homogeneous plasma satisfies. Its resolution is successfully confronted with our simulation data and prepares the accurate modeling, in a ray tracing scheme, of the effect of laser smoothing techniques on laser plasma instabilities.
Nanoscale and ultrafast in situ techniques to probe plasmon photocatalysis
Authors: Carlin Claire C. , Dai Alan X. , Al-Zubeidi Alexander , Simmerman Emma M. , Oh Hyuncheol , Gross Niklas , Lee Stephen A. , Link Stephan , Landes Christy F. , da Jornada Felipe H. , Dionne Jennifer A.
Published: December 2023

Plasmonic photocatalysis uses the light-induced resonant oscillation of free electrons in a metal nanoparticle to concentrate optical energy for driving chemical reactions. By altering the joint electronic structure of the catalyst and reactants, plasmonic catalysis enables reaction pathways with improved selectivity, activity, and catalyst stability. However, designing an optimal catalyst still requires a fundamental understanding of the underlying plasmonic mechanisms at the spatial scales of single particles, at the temporal scales of electron transfer, and in conditions analogous to those under which real reactions will operate. Thus, in this review, we provide an overview of several of the available and developing nanoscale and ultrafast experimental approaches, emphasizing those that can be performed in situ. Specifically, we discuss high spatial resolution optical, tip-based, and electron microscopy techniques; high temporal resolution optical and x-ray techniques; and emerging ultrafast optical, x-ray, tip-based, and electron microscopy techniques that simultaneously achieve high spatial and temporal resolution. Ab initio and classical continuum theoretical models play an essential role in guiding and interpreting experimental exploration, and thus, these are also reviewed and several notable theoretical insights are discussed.
Non-modal behavior in the linear regime of high-speed boundary layer flows: Flow–thermodynamic interactions
Authors: Sharma Bajrang , Girimaji Sharath S.
Published: December 2023

The flow–thermodynamic interactions in the transient linear regime of high-speed boundary layers starting from non-modal initial conditions are studied using direct numerical simulation. These simulations are performed at different Mach numbers: M∈[3,6]. The perturbation velocity field is decomposed into solenoidal and dilatational components using the Helmholtz decomposition. It is shown that at high speeds, random pressure perturbations evolve to their asymptotic state in three distinct stages. In stage 1, pressure–dilatation engenders rapid transfer from internal to kinetic energy leading to a balance between the two forms. Pressure–dilatation maintains this balance throughout stage 2 with harmonic exchange of energy between the two forms. During this stage, the stable modes decay and the unstable modes establish ascendancy. Stage 3 behavior is dominated almost exclusively by the most unstable mode. Both internal and kinetic energies grow at the rate predicted by linear stability analysis. At this stage, pressure–dilatation is small and production dominates the flow evolution. This behavior is also observed in narrow-band perturbation evolution. Spatial boundary layer simulations are also performed to examine the non-parallel effects on the observed behavior. It is seen that the role of pressure–dilatation essentially remains the same as observed in the parallel flow case.
Modeling of axial self-inductive displacement sensor considering fringing effects and eddy current effects
Authors: Tang Hongzhou , Zhou Jin , Jin Chaowu , Xu Yuanping
Published: December 2023

Axial self-inductive displacement sensor can be used in rotor systems to detect the axial displacement of the rotor. The design and analysis of the sensor are mostly based on the traditional ideal model, which ignores the influence of fringing effects and eddy current effects, resulting in significant discrepancies between theoretical analysis and experimental results. To take into account the influence of fringing effects and eddy current effects, this paper proposed the introduction of the fringing factor and complex permeability and then established an improved model. The results show that the prediction of the sensor’s output voltage based on the improved model is in better agreement with the experimental results than the traditional ideal model, and the improved model can analyze the influences of the length of the air gap and excitation frequency on sensitivity. Therefore, the model could provide a significant reference for the design and analysis of the axial self-inductive displacement sensor.