bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Ecological Properties of CO2 Curing Magnesium Slag Concrete
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Yilong , Zhang Fan , Liang Haonan , Niu Ditao , Li Hui
Published: December 2024

Magnesium slag is a by-product of the magnesium industry. As an auxiliary cementitious material incorporated into concrete, it can make full use of waste resources and has a certain potential for hydration and carbonation. To improve the mechanical properties of the concrete, the influence mechanism and strengthening mechanism of the carbon curing method on mechanical properties of magnesium slag concrete were investigated. The effects of different magnesium slag content and water-cement ratio on mechanical properties and ecological properties of carbon cured magnesium slag concrete were analyzed. Based on the phase composition and thermogravimetric composition of magnesium slag concrete, the carbonation mechanism of magnesium slag was revealed. The mechanical properties models of magnesium slag concrete with different carbon curing were constructed. The study shows that with the increase of the magnesium slag, the mechanical properties of carbon curing concrete first increase and then decrease. The optimum mechanical properties of concrete are 30% magnesium slag, and the compressive strength reaches 42.3 MPa. The content of magnesium slag increased from 0% to 60%, and the carbon fixation content was 14.60%, 11.87%, 11.69%, 16.90%, 19.80%, 14.78%, and 13.09%, respectively. With the increase of magnesium slag content, the content and grain size of magnesium oxide in concrete increase, which leads to more micro-bumps and depressions on the surface of the concrete structure. The hydration reaction and carbonation reaction of gelled materials are affected by magnesium ions, resulting in changes in the morphology and crystal structure of CaCO3 and MgCO3 reactants.
Effect of Temperature and Stress on Creep Behavior of (TiB + TiC + Y2O3)/α-Ti Composite
Authors: Wang Xicheng , Zheng Yunfei , Han Shiwei , Xiao Shulong , Tian Jing , Xu Lijuan
Published: December 2024

In this study, a (TiB + TiC + Y2O3)/α-Ti composite was prepared by induction skull melting to investigate its creep behavior and microstructure evolution under different temperatures and stresses. The results show that the microstructure of the composite in the as-cast state is a basket-weave structure, and the main phase composition is α lamella, containing a small amount of β phase and equiaxed α phase. The creep life of the composite decreases significantly when the temperature is increased from 650 °C to 700 °C, and the steady-state creep rate is increased by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The creep stress exponent at 650 °C and 700 °C is 2.92 and 2.96, respectively, and the creep mechanism of the titanium matrix composite is dominated by dislocation movement. TiB and TiC exhibit synergistic strengthening effects, and Y2O3 remains stable during creep. The reinforcements strengthen the composite by impeding the dislocation movement. The accelerated dissolution of β phase is one of the major reasons for the decrease of creep properties of composite with increasing temperature and stress. Silicide precipitation was observed near the reinforcements and dissolved β-Ti, mainly in elliptical or short rod shapes, which pins dislocations and improves the creep performance of the composite. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the subsequent development and application of hybrid reinforced titanium matrix composites.
Isolation Number of Transition Graphs
Authors: Qu Junhao , Zhang Shumin
Published: December 2024

Let G=(V,E) be a graph and F be a family of graphs; a subset (S⊆V(G)) is said to be an F-isolating set if G[V(G)∖NG[S]] does not contain F as a subgraph for all F∈F. The F-isolation number of G is the minimum cardinality of an F-isolating set (S) of G, denoted by ι(G,F). When F={K1,k+1}, we use ιk(G) to define the F-isolation number (ι(G,F)). In particular, when k=0, we use the short form of ι(G) instead of ι0(G). A subset (S⊆V(G)) is called an isolating set if V(G)∖NG[S] is an independent set of G. The isolation number of G is the minimum cardinality of an isolating set, denoted by ι(G). In this paper, we mainly focus on research on the isolation number and F-isolation number of a B(G) graph, total graph and central graph of graph G.
Satisfaction and Preferences for Infusion Therapies in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease—Patient Perspective
Authors: Węgrzynek-Gallina Julia , Chmiela Tomasz , Borończyk Michał , Buczek Aleksandra , Hudzińska Patrycja , Bigajski Hubert , Waksmundzki Damian , Gawryluk Justyna , Siuda Joanna
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The rapid growth of the number of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has caused a significant increase in the use of device-aided therapies (DATs), including levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI). The objective of this study was to evaluate patients’ satisfaction and the factors influencing preferences for CSAI and LCIG. Materials and Methods: The research focused on individuals diagnosed with advanced PD undergoing DAT at the Neurology Department of the University Hospital in Katowice. A telephone survey conducted between June and July 2024 evaluated the experiences of patients with LCIG and CSAI. The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) and the Stress Scale for Family Caregivers (BSFC-s) were applied. Based on medical record data comprising reasons for the exclusion of individuals, disease-related and treatment data were collected. Results: Among the original cohort of 64 patients, 50 completed the survey, including 31 who might choose between infusion therapies. The average patient ages were 70.6 ± 4.7 (CSAI) and 71.2 ± 7.2 years (LCIG), with disease durations of 15 (IQR: 12–19) and 18 (IQR: 13–19) years, respectively. LCIG patients presented higher PDQ-8 scores (20 (IQR: 13–27) vs. 13 (IQR: 6–19), p = 0.008), and higher BSFC-s scores (19 (IQR: 12–21) vs. 9 (IQR: 2.5–13), p = 0.011). Furthermore, significant factors influencing patient preferences included fear of surgery (75% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.043) and concerns about DAT safety (83.3% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.049). Conclusions: LCIG and CSAI therapies offer benefits and disadvantages, with safety concerns and fear of surgery seeming to be decisive in the decision-making process.
Diabetes and Cataracts Development—Characteristics, Subtypes and Predictive Modeling Using Machine Learning in Romanian Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ivanescu Adriana , Popescu Simona , Braha Adina , Timar Bogdan , Sorescu Teodora , Lazar Sandra , Timar Romulus , Gaita Laura
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Diabetes has become a global epidemic, contributing to significant health challenges due to its complications. Among these, diabetes can affect sight through various mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of early identification and management of vision-threatening conditions in diabetic patients. Changes in the crystalline lens caused by diabetes may lead to temporary and permanent visual impairment. Since individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing cataracts, which significantly affects their quality of life, this study aims to identify the most common cataract subtypes in diabetic patients, highlighting the need for proactive screening and early intervention. Materials and Methods: This study included 201 participants with cataracts (47.6% women and 52.4% men), of whom 105 also had diabetes. With the use of machine learning, the patients were assessed and categorized as having one of the three main types of cataracts: cortical (CC), nuclear (NS), and posterior subcapsular (PSC). A Random Forest Classification algorithm was employed to predict the incidence of different associations of cataracts (1, 2, or 3 types). Results: Cataracts have been encountered more frequently and at a younger age in patients with diabetes. CC was significantly more frequent among patients with diabetes (p < 0.0001), while the NS and PSC were only marginally, without statistical significance. Machine learning could also contribute to an early diagnosis of cataracts, with the presence of diabetes, duration of diabetes, or diabetic polyneuropathy (PND) having the highest importance for a successful classification. Conclusions: These findings suggest that diabetes may impact the type of cataract that develops, with CC being notably more prevalent in diabetic patients. This has important implications for screening and management strategies for cataract formation in diabetic populations.
Improvement of Presbyopia, Dry Eye, Intraocular Pressure, and Near Vision Through Cassiae Tea Consumption
Authors: Fan Mei , Hung Jen-Lin , Hung Shao-Huan , Chen Li-Chai , Horng Chi-Ting
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate a novel method for improving presbyopia by drinking cassiae tea. Materials and Methods: A total of 425 eyes from 425 participants (aged 52.5 ± 9.5 years) were recruited and divided into several experimental groups over a 6-month period. Participants consumed cassiae tea daily (10 g of cassiae semen brewed in 500 cc of water). Meanwhile, control group participants consumed 500 cc of plain water along with 1000 mg of vitamin C each day. Experiments 1 and 2: Participants with severe dry eye and intraocular pressure (IOP) > 30 mmHg were enrolled, and outcomes were assessed for these conditions, respectively. Experiments 3, 4, and 7: These experiments evaluated pupil size, near vision, and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in two groups of volunteers. Experiment 5: Different quantities of cassiae tea were prescribed to various groups, and near vision was measured. Experiment 6: Three questionnaires assessed presbyopic symptoms after cassiae tea consumption. Experiment 8: The antioxidant activity of cassiae tea compared with other bioactive compounds and Chinese herbs was evaluated using the DPPH test. Results: By the fourth month of the study, participants experienced increased tear volume and reduced IOP. Pupil size constricted, near vision improved, and serum SOD levels increased. Furthermore, greater consumption of cassiae tea was correlated with better near vision. The antioxidant activity of cassiae tea was found to surpass that of anthocyanins, wolfberry, and vitamin C. Conclusions: Drinking cassiae tea improves dry eye symptoms, reduces IOP, regulates pupil size, and enhances near vision due to its excellent antioxidant and pharmacological properties. These benefits may particularly aid individuals with presbyopia and those engaged in near-distance activities, such as smartphone use.
Joint Group and Multi Institutional Position Opinion: Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy—From Fundamentals to Applied Tactics
Authors: Rankovic Ivan , Babic Ivana , Martinov Nestorov Jelena , Bogdanovic Jelena , Stojanovic Maja , Trifunovic Jovanka , Panic Nikola , Bezmarevic Mihailo , Jevtovic Jelena , Micic Dusan , Dedovic Vladimir , Djuricic Nemanja , Pilipovic Filip , Curakova Ristovska Elena , Glisic Tijana , Kostic Sanja , Stojkovic Nemanja , Joksimovic Nata , Bascarevic Mileva , Bozovic Aleksandra , Elvin Lewis , Onifade Ajibola , Siau Keith , Koriakovskaia Elizaveta , Milivojevic Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a diagnostic entity defined as cardiac dysfunction (diastolic and/or systolic) in patients with liver cirrhosis, in the absence of overt cardiac disorder. Pathogenically, CCM stems from a combination of systemic and local hepatic factors that, through hemodynamic and neurohormonal changes, affect the balance of cardiac function and lead to its remodeling. Vascular changes in cirrhosis, mostly driven by portal hypertension, splanchnic vasodilatation, and increased cardiac output alongside maladaptively upregulated feedback systems, lead to fluid accumulation, venostasis, and cardiac dysfunction. Autocrine and endocrine proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6), as well as systemic endotoxemia stemming from impaired intestinal permeability, contribute to myocardial remodeling and fibrosis, which further compromise the contractility and relaxation of the heart. Additionally, relative adrenal insufficiency is often present in cirrhosis, further potentiating cardiac dysfunction, ultimately leading to the development of CCM. Considering its subclinical course, CCM diagnosis remains challenging. It relies mostly on stress echocardiography or advanced imaging techniques such as speckle-tracking echocardiography. Currently, there is no specific treatment for CCM, as it vastly overlaps with the treatment of heart failure. Diuretics play a central role. The role of non-selective beta-blockers in treating portal hypertension is established; however, their role in CCM remains somewhat controversial as their effect on prognosis is unclear. However, our group still advocates them as essential tools in optimizing the neurohumoral pathologic axis that perpetuates CCM. Other targeted therapies with direct anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects still lack sufficient evidence for wide approval. This is not only a review but also a comprehensive distillation of the insights from practicing clinical hepatologists and other specialties engaged in advanced approaches to treating liver disease and its sequelae.
Theoretical Studies on the Reaction Mechanism for the Cycloaddition of Zwitterionic π-Allenyl Palladium Species: Substrate-Controlled Isomerization
Authors: Long Yongjie , Shen Jiahao , Shi Min , Wei Yin
Published: December 2024

Zwitterionic π-allenyl palladium species are newly developed intermediates. A substrate-controlled step existed in the cycloaddition of zwitterionic π-allenyl palladium species with tropsulfimides or tropones. With the assistance of previously experimental studies, zwitterionic allenyl/propargyl palladium species was provenly found by HRMS. Further DFT calculation studies show that zwitterionic π-allenyl palladium species are generated through the oxidative addition of Pd(0), which can be promoted by Lewis acid like Yb(OTf)3, and the cycloaddition more likely undergoes through an outer sphere nucleophilic attack. The isomerization is caused by the difference of dissociation energy between the cycloaddition intermediation of tropsulfimides and tropones, forming the substrate-controlled specificity.
Carvacrol Essential Oil as a Neuroprotective Agent: A Review of the Study Designs and Recent Advances
Authors: Tareen Fahad Khan , Catenacci Laura , Perteghella Sara , Sorrenti Milena , Bonferoni Maria Cristina
Published: December 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases were mostly perceived as diseases of ageing populations, but now-a-days, these diseases pose a threat to populations of all age groups despite significant improvements in quality of life. Almost all essential oils (EOs) have been reported to have some neuroprotective abilities and have been used as supplements for good mental health over the centuries. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of one such monoterpene phenolic EO, carvacrol (CV), that has the potential to be used as a main therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders. Three libraries, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, were explored for research studies related to the neuroprotective roles of CV. All the research articles from these libraries were sorted out, with the first article tracing back to 2009, and the latest article was published in 2024. The positive effects of CV in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, multiple sclerosis, ischemia, and behavioural disorders have been supported with evidence. This review not only focused on study designs and the pharmacological pathways taken by CV for neuroprotection but also focused on demographics, illustrating the trend of CV research studies in certain countries and the preferences for the use of in vitro or in vivo models in studies. Our review provides useful evidence about the neuroprotective potential of CV; however, a lack of studies was observed regarding CV encapsulation in proper dosage forms, in particular nanoparticles, which could be further explored for CV delivery to the central nervous system.
A Design of Experiments Approach to the Radical-Induced Oxidation of Dimeric C4-C8 Linked B-Type Procyanidins
Authors: Fischer Annik , Gök Recep , Esatbeyoglu Tuba
Published: December 2024

This study systematically investigated the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical induced oxidation of all dimeric C4-C8 linked B-type procyanidins (PCs) B1–B4 to maximise the formation of the oxidation products using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The C4β-C8 linked B1 and B2 formed the A1 (1) and A2 (2) (m/z 575 [M-H]−) with an ether bridge between C2u-O-C7t as expected. Interestingly, the oxidation of the C4α-C8 linked dimers B3 and B4 yielded for each two main oxidation products with m/z 575 [M-H]−. One of them required only a short reaction time (10.0 min, 25.0 °C for B3 (3) and B4 (5)), whereas the other was maximally formed at a longer time and higher temperature (314 min and 75.0 °C for B3 (5); 360 min, 53.7 °C for B4 (6)). The formation rates were optimised to 47.4 ± 1.14% (A1; 1), 27.5 ± 0.76% (A2; 2), 48.6 ± 4.01% (3), 32.0 ± 1.14% (4), 45.0 ± 5.14% (5) and 60.2 ± 3.68% (6).
Standardized Chromatographic and Computational Approaches for Lipophilicity Analysis of Five Gliflozin Antidiabetic Drugs in Relation to Their Biological Activity
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Berecka-Rycerz Anna , Dul Marcelina , Pryjda Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

This study represents the first-time experimental analysis of lipophilicity for antidiabetic drugs from the gliflozin class using chromatographic methods alongside computational approaches. The lipophilicity of five gliflozins (canagliflozin (CANA), dapagliflozin (DAPA), empagliflozin (EMPA), ertugliflozin (ERTU), and sotagliflozin (SOTA)) was assessed using RMW and log kW parameters with RP8, RP18, and CN coatings, while methanol and acetonitrile were used as organic modifiers. To enhance the reliability, six reference substances with established lipophilicity values (0.62–3.5) were used for standardization. For computational analyses, the methods ALOGP, iLOGP, MLOGP, SILICOS-IT, WLOGP, XLOGP3, and Consensus. Log P were applied. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and chemometric techniques were employed to compare the results. Experimental lipophilicity values showed strong correlations, indicating that RMW and log kW are reliable parameters for evaluating the lipophilicity of these therapeutically valuable drugs. However, computational lipophilicity values were less consistent, both among themselves and compared to experimental data. Finally, the experimental lipophilicity of gliflozins was analyzed in relation to their pharmacological properties, including protein binding, renal clearance, volume of distribution, half-life, potency (IC50), and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE). Our results allow for a confident proposal of a model to experimentally determine the lipophilicity of gliflozin drugs including new derivatives.
Targeting MAO-B with Small-Molecule Inhibitors: A Decade of Advances in Anticancer Research (2012–2024)
Authors: Alsaad Iyman , Abdel Rahman Diana M. A. , Al-Tamimi Ola , Alhaj Shayma’a A. , Sabbah Dima A. , Hajjo Rima , Bardaweel Sanaa K.
Published: December 2024

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is a key enzyme in the mitochondrial outer membrane, pivotal for the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines. Its overexpression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including glioblastoma and colorectal, lung, renal, and bladder cancers, primarily through the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of MAO-B impedes cell proliferation, making it a potential therapeutic target. Various monoamine oxidase B inhibitors have shown promise in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis across different cancer types. In this review, we investigate MAO-B network biology, which highlighted glycolysis pathways as notable links between MAO-B and cancer. Further molecular modeling analysis illustrated the basis of MAO-B ligand binding, revealing a hydrophobic binding pocket, with key residues such as Tyr398 and Tyr435 playing crucial roles in substrate oxidation. MAO-B inhibitors that were reportsed in the literature (2012–2024) and their potential application in cancer therapy were discussed, highlighting key molecular scaffolds, such as propargyl analogs of phenyl alkyl amines, hydrazine derivatives, cyclopropylamine derivatives, MAO-B activated pro-drugs, and natural phenylpropanoid derivatives. The reported literature underscores the therapeutic potential of MAO-B inhibitors as versatile anticancer agents, warranting further investigation to optimize their efficacy and specificity across various malignancies.
The Role and Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptides in Overcoming Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yang Jinhui , Zhang Junning , Feng Zeyu , Ma Yunqi
Published: December 2024

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming more and more common, which presents a serious threat to world health and could eventually render many of the antibiotics we currently use useless. The research and development of innovative antimicrobial tactics that can defeat these hardy infections are imperative in light of this predicament. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have attracted a lot of attention due to their distinct modes of action and capacity to elude conventional resistance mechanisms, are among the most promising of these tactics. As a promising substitute for conventional antibiotics, AMPs are a varied class of naturally occurring compounds that target bacteria membranes and disrupt cellular activities to demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study is to present a thorough summary of the current knowledge regarding AMP mechanisms against MDR bacteria, including immunological modulation, interactions with microbial membranes, and possible synergy with currently used antimicrobial drugs. In addition, we define the review’s scope to include the most recent developments in AMP research, emphasizing the innovations’ development, optimization, and therapeutic promise. We hope to emphasize the crucial role that AMPs will play in the future of antimicrobial therapy by bringing together recent research and highlighting current issues. We also hope to advocate for AMPs’ continued research and development as part of a comprehensive strategy to counteract the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
Coordination Chemistry of Mixed-Donor Pyridine-Containing Macrocyclic Ligands: From Optical to Redox Chemosensors for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Garau Alessandra , Blake Alexander J. , Aragoni Maria Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Caltagirone Claudia , Demartin Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Picci Giacomo , Podda Enrico
Published: December 2024

2,8-Dithia-5-aza-2,6-pyridinophane (L1) has been used as a receptor unit in the construction of the conjugated redox chemosensor 5-ferrocenylmethyl-2,8-dithia-5-aza-2,6-pyridinophane (L3). In order to further explore the coordination chemistry of L1, and comparatively, that of its structural analogue 2,11-dithia-5,8-diaza-2,6-pyridinophane (L2), featuring two secondary nitrogen atoms in the macrocyclic unit, the crystal structures of the new synthesised complexes [Pb(L1)(ClO4)2]·½CH3CN, [Cu(L2)](ClO4)2·CH3CN and [Cd(L2)(NO3)]NO3 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical response of L3 towards the metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in CH2Cl2/CH3CN 0.25:1 (v/v) mixture. Upon addition to L3 of increasing amounts of the aforementioned metal cations, the wave corresponding to the Fc+/Fc redox couple of the un-complexed L3 was gradually replaced by a new reversible wave at more positive potentials and corresponding to the Fc+/Fc redox couple of the complexed ligand. The maximum anodic shift of the ferrocene oxidation wave is observed in the presence of Pb2+ (230 mV), to which corresponds a reaction coupling efficiency (RCE) value as large as 7.9 × 103. The response selectivity of L3 is discussed in reference to the optical selectivity observed for conjugated chemosensors featuring L1 as receptor unit and different fluorogenic fragments as signalling units.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel Composite La0.9MnO3-LaFeO3
Authors: Mataev Mukhametkali , Sarsenbaeva Zamira , Keskin Bahadir , Nurbekova Marzhan , Meldeshov Amangeldi , Tursyn Zhanar , Seitbekova Karima
Published: December 2024

This article presents the synthesis, electrophysical, and catalytic properties of a La0.9MnO3–LaFeO3 nanocomposite material. The nanocomposite was synthesized via the sol–gel (Pechini) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a polycrystalline, biphasic perovskite structure combining both hexagonal and cubic symmetry. The microstructure and elemental composition, examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), indicated an average particle size of approximately 186.9 nm. The composite exhibits semiconducting behavior within the temperature ranges of 293–323 K and 343–393 K. Developing electrocatalysts free of precious metals for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is increasingly important to facilitate the production of hydrogen from renewable sources. In this study, the conductive La0.9MnO3–LaFeO3 composite was deposited on graphite and, for the first time, evaluated as an electrocatalyst for HER in acidic media. The resulting composite films were tested using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) setup, providing insights into their potential as effective, cost-efficient electrocatalysts.
Electromagnetic Field and Radiation of Charged Particles in the Vicinity of Schwarzschild Black Hole
Authors: Komarov Stanislav , Vereshchagin Gregory
Published: December 2024

We provide a concise review of the problem of calculating the electromagnetic field and radiation of a charged particle in the vicinity of a black hole. The interest in this problem has been revived due to recent progress in multimessenger observations. Many astrophysical models of energy extraction from a black hole involve consideration of such motion and radiation. Our main goal is to highlight the basic assumptions and limitations of various techniques and point out the main conclusions of these studies.
Longitudinally Resolved Terahertz Radiation Characteristics Along Two-Color Filament in Air
Authors: Long Juan , Wang Tiejun , Yin Fukang , Liu Yaoxiang , Wei Yingxia , Liu Chengpu , Leng Yuxin
Published: December 2024

The evolution of the THz waveform generated from the two-color air filament was experimentally investigated by moving an iris along the plasma channel. By taking the differentiation of the measured THz waveforms, the local longitudinally resolved THz waves along a 54 mm-long filament were obtained. The local THz pulse underwent periodic phase shifts. A theoretical deduction indicates that the phase shifts are mainly caused by the dispersion in the plasma channel which plays a dominant role in the evolution of the local THz waveforms.
Biomechanical Analysis of Stress–Strain Distribution in the Lumbar Spine–Sacrum–Pelvis System with Emphasis on Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
Authors: Kondratiev Andrii , Smetankina Natalia , Staude Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic lumbopelvic pain is often linked to sacroiliac joint dysfunction, where the joint’s complex structure and biomechanics complicate diagnosis and treatment. Variability in load distribution and ligament stabilization within the pelvic ring further contributes to challenges in managing this condition. This study aims to develop a finite element model of the “lumbar spine–sacrum–pelvis” system to analyze the effects of lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, and asymmetrical articular gaps on stress and strain in the sacroiliac joint. Methods: A three-dimensional model was constructed using CT and MRI data, including key stabilizing ligaments. Sacral slope angles of 30°, 60°, and 85° were used to simulate varying lordosis, while pelvic tilt was introduced through a 6° lateral rotation. Results: The analysis revealed that sacral slope, ligament integrity, and joint symmetry significantly influence stress distribution. Hyperlordosis led to critical stress levels in interosseous and iliolumbar ligaments, exceeding failure thresholds. Asymmetrical gaps and pelvic tilt further altered the sacral rotation axis, increasing stress on sacroiliac joint ligaments. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of maintaining sacroiliac joint symmetry and lumbar–pelvic alignment to minimize stress on stabilizing ligaments, suggesting that treatment should focus on restoring alignment and joint symmetry.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Examining How Space Radiation Affects Human and Rodent Cognition, 1990–2023
Authors: Simmons Pilar , Swinton Chase , Simmons Simeon , McElroy Taylor , Allen Antiño R
Published: December 2024

The pursuit of exploring the outer space environment for biological research has been a topic of interest for nearly 60 years. The success of the next phase of space exploration depends on the ability to increase crew safety by identifying ways to mitigate these threats. Using a universal scientific citation indexing tool, we extracted data on literature production in terms of the most prolific key terms, authors, countries, institutions, and journals for two distinct topic sets related to space radiation research published from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2023. The focus of space radiation research in relation to its effects on human health has fluctuated over time, as reflected in the term maps that were generated for each decade. Our bibliometric analysis provides insight into the trends in the top producers in the space radiation research field over the years, as well as into how the focus of such studies has evolved throughout the decades.
A Novel Mutation Related to Aceruloplasminemia with Mild Clinical Findings: A Case Report
Authors: Giannakis Alexandros , Konstantinos Tsamis , Argyropoulou Maria , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Konitsiotis Spiridon
Published: December 2024

Background and Clinical Significance: Aceruloplasminemia (ACP), a member of the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) spectrum of disorders, is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the ceruloplasmin (CP) gene. Iron accumulation in various organs, including the brain, liver, eyes, and heart, can lead to a broad clinical spectrum. Here, we report the first case of ACP in Greece. Case Presentation: Our patient was a 53-year-old male who was referred to our movement disorders center for a 6-month history of mild, unspecific, episodic dizziness and postural instability, and attention and memory deficits. Brain MRI revealed significant iron accumulation in multiple brain regions, including the dentate nuclei, cerebellar cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem nuclei, and hypothalamus. These findings were particularly evident in susceptibility-weighted images. Fundoscopy revealed a normal retina, optic nerve, and macula. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the CP gene [NM_000096.3:p.Thr3232fs (c.9695delC)]. This mutation has not been previously reported and is predicted to result in premature protein termination, supporting its pathogenic nature. Laboratory tests showed no anemia but revealed significantly elevated serum ferritin and low serum iron. Subsequent testing revealed extremely low serum CP and low serum copper. Despite less involvement of the myocardium, our patient succumbed to cardiac arrest. Conclusions: ACP should be considered in cases with minor neurological signs and symptoms. Brain MRI plays a significant role in early diagnosis. Close cardiac monitoring is also important.
Winter Wheat Resilience Under Different Pre-Crop Conditions in Albeluvisol Soils
Authors: Šumskienė Dalė , Skinulienė Lina , Klimavičius Donatas
Published: December 2024

One of the most popular varieties in crop farming is wheat. In Lithuania, more than 460 winter wheat varieties are registered in the State Register of Plant Varieties. One of the most popular and time-tested varieties is ‘Skagen’, which is highly valued for its winter hardiness. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of different pre-crops on the winter survival of the wheat variety ‘Skagen’ in Albeluvisol soils. For the experiment, fields of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety ‘Skagen’ from farms in the Lazdijai district were chosen. The experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018. Plant count, chlorophyll index, and weed count were evaluated. After evaluating the differences in plant density after winter, it was found that a significantly greater reduction in plant density, 98.06%, occurred after winter wheat and 97.62% after spring wheat pre-crops compared to perennial grass pre-crops. The highest chlorophyll index was in winter wheat crops, where the pre-crops were peas, winter rape, and perennial grasses, respectively, ranging from 17.78% to 19.57%. Properly selected pre-crops reduce the risk of overwintering and form a strong crop from the beginning of vegetation.
Cork and Compost as Mitigators of Soil Compaction from Trampling in Urban Green Areas: Effects on Plant Growth and Soil Functionality
Authors: Rompato Bianca , Mondanelli Lucia , Lo Piccolo Ermes , Cocozza Claudia , Mastrolonardo Giovanni , Giagnoni Laura , Fantoni Gregorio , Bizzarri Alessandro , Mariotti Barbara , Verdi Leonardo , Maltoni Alberto , Ferrini Francesco , Certini Giacomo
Published: December 2024

Compacted soils in urban areas suffer from reduced porosity, impairing plant growth, water infiltration, and gas exchange, thus exacerbating other potential environmental issues. Amending soil with organic matter can reduce bulk density and increase permeability, thereby enhancing soil fertility and functionality. This study evaluated the effects of two organic soil amendments (i.e., chipped cork and municipal waste compost) on soil functionality and the physiology of Quercus ilex trees, following a soil compaction treatment. Five soil treatments were compared: control (no compaction and amendments), soil compaction without amendments, and compaction with amendments including cork, compost, or a combination of both. Soil and plant physiological responses were analyzed during the summer months, focusing on soil gas exchange, temperature, moisture, microbial respiration, enzymatic activity, leaf gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and maximum daily trunk shrinkage. The results showed that amended soils exhibited increased soil gas exchanges, lower temperatures, and higher microbial activity than non-amended compacted soils, thereby reducing the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant physiology. These findings suggested that incorporating organic amendments into urban soils, especially those subjected to frequent trampling, could make them more resistant/resilient to compaction, supporting healthier green spaces and more sustainable urban ecosystems.
Cybersecurity and Privacy Challenges in Extended Reality: Threats, Solutions, and Risk Mitigation Strategies
Authors: El-Hajj Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Extended Reality (XR), encompassing Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR), enables immersive experiences across various fields, including entertainment, healthcare, and education. However, its data-intensive and interactive nature introduces significant cybersecurity and privacy challenges. This paper presents a detailed adversary model to identify threat actors and attack vectors in XR environments. We analyze key risks, including identity theft and behavioral data leakage, which can lead to profiling, manipulation, or invasive targeted advertising. To mitigate these risks, we explore technical solutions such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for secure data transmission, multi-factor and biometric authentication, data anonymization techniques, and AI-driven anomaly detection for real-time threat monitoring. A comparative benchmark evaluates these solutions’ practicality, strengths, and limitations in XR applications. The findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach, combining robust technical measures with privacy-centric policies, to secure XR ecosystems and ensure user trust.
Dikkat! Depremde Çocuklar Var: Deprem Kavramına Yönelik BİLSEM Öğrencilerinin Metaforik Algıları
Authors: Aküzüm Cemal , Aküzüm Leyla , Dervişoğlu Necattin
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmada BİLSEM öğrencilerinin deprem kavramına yönelik metaforik algılarını incelemek ve bu bağlamda öğrenciler yönetiminde depreme ilişkin teorik ve uygulama esaslı bilgi ve deneyimlerin paylaşımı ve deprem faaliyet programlarının düzenlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubunu, 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Diyarbakır ili Kayapınar BİLSEM’de öğrenim gören 86 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu soru formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Formda öğrencilerin her birinden “Deprem ….. benzer, çünkü …..” cümlesini deprem algılarını ortaya çıkaracak şekilde tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesi ve yorumlanmasında, içerik analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin algılarına dayalı olarak “Deprem” kavramına ilişkin 62 adet metafor üretilmiştir. Öğrenciler tarafından üretilen metaforlar incelendiğinde salıncak, kıyamet, beşik, canavar, gondol metaforlarının en çok ifade edilen metaforlar olduğu görülmektedir. Öğrenciler tarafından üretilen 62 adet metafor araştırmacılar tarafından Sarsıntı, Korku, Ani ve Yıkım olarak 4 kategori altında toplanmıştır. Çocukların duygusal sistemlerine bağlı olarak hayal güçleri, okudukları kitaplar, izledikleri filmler ve yakın çevrelerinin metafor temsillerine yansıdığı görülmüştür.
Опыт формирования и развития институтов и механизмов управления в электроэнергетике и ВИЭ в России
Authors:   Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И.М. Губкина, Руданец Вадим
Published: December 2024

На сегодняшний день в электроэнергетике России создана многоуровневая институциональная среда. Анализ системы институционализма в электроэнергетике России и выявление стимулов развития возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ), как перспективной области, является актуальным вопросом, помогающим понять наличие условий для развития ВИЭ в России. Отсутствие сбалансированной и развитой институциональной среды может стать причиной дополнительных рисков и нестабильности в отрасли, а также препятствовать привлечению инвестиций и новых технологий в ВИЭ.
HEALTH AS A REALIZATION OF PATIENT SOCIAL SUBJECTIVITY
Authors: Pustovit Svitlana
Published: December 2024

The historical-philosophical, philosophical-methodological and sociological aspects of interpersonal relations of patient as a social subject in the process of receiving medical services are considered. An analysis of modern concepts of health in terms patient's social subjectivity, different types and forms of relations between the patient and other social subjects is carried out.
Conclusions. The philosophical and sociological aspects of patient subjectivity in different health models are analyzed. The historical-philosophical, philosophical-methodological and sociological analysis of modern health models: biomedical, biopsychosocial, psychosomatic, adaptive, bioethical, valeological, etc. is conducted from the point of view of interpersonal space, various types and forms of relationships between patient and other social subjects. It was demonstrated that sociological measurements of medicine and patient social subjectivity are updated in the 20th century. It was concluded that the development of patient social subjectivity contributes the enrichment of his social and psychophysical experience, the increasing his knowledge about the nature of illness and health. The patient's ability to actualize his external and internal potential, actively build social relations and use interpersonal relations contributes the resolution of contradictions between social and individual benefits and the formation of a single medical space. It was found that the introduction of psychosomatic, adaptive, bioethical, valeological health model, model of health as a life world into practice affects the expansion of patient social subjectivity and interpersonal space, structured by ethical principles of personal autonomy and dignity, integrity, beneficence, avoidance of harm, vulnerability, justice, responsibility, solidarity, tolerance, etc.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION AS A FACTOR OF ADAPTATION IN INTERCULTURAL SPACE
Authors: Trynyak Maya
Published: December 2024

Intercultural communication, as a scientific and applied discipline, deals with the following questions: how to understand the alien (other), communicate adequately with the Other, correctly interpret authentic cultural signs, and adapt to the conditions of interaction with representatives of other cultures? The ability to adapt is one of the components of an individual's intercultural competence. It is understood as a set of social skills and abilities that help a person successfully communicate with partners from other cultures, both at the domestic and professional levels. According to E. Hall's communicative model of culture, the ability to adapt in intercultural space is mediated by the main parameters or primary information systems, among which the researcher pays considerable attention to the category of space. According to Hall's concept, at least four aspects of people's use of space can be identified, and this use varies depending on the culture: personal space; spatial orientation; interpersonal distance; and space organisation. In works related to this issue, empirical data have identified certain factors that facilitate or complicate the process of adaptation. The following character traits facilitate adaptation to new cultural conditions: tolerance to ambiguous intercultural situations, openness, extroversion, empathy, curiosity, self-criticism. Character traits that have a negative impact on adaptation are rigidity of character, lack of independence, and obedience to authority. Research results show that the easier and more successful a person goes through the acculturation stage, the better their achievements in the professional sphere.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE IRON CURTAIN (PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION)
Authors: Chepyegin Igor
Published: December 2024

The formation of a modern democratic nation in Ukraine is taking place within the context of historical memory, which is deeply permeated by negative recollections of the totalitarian past. The tragic anthropological experience accumulated throughout history both slows down and accelerates the country's return to the universal human civilization. The policy of isolation significantly limited human freedom and the right to self-affirmation. Ukraine, which was under the colonial regime of the Soviet Union for an extended period, has a tragic experience of isolation. This led to the suspension of its own ethno-national and cultural development. Ideological assimilation was systematically and consistently carried out through the educational process and propaganda, imposing Marxism-Leninism, which created a uniformity of thought and public opinion in line with the regime’s requirements. This restricted critical thinking and the diversity of ideas, negatively impacting the cultural and intellectual development of society. Freedom of thought and creativity faced significant limitations, complicating cultural progress and social change.
The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Treatment of NAFLD: Evidence Base
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Ipatova M.G. , Bordin D.S. ,   N.F. Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center,   Tver State Medical University,   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow
Published: December 2024

The aim is to summarize the accumulated data on the role and effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) based on the results of randomized clinical studies and meta analyzes.
NAFLD is a number of diseases associated with excessive deposition of lipids in the liver and often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, an increase in blood pressure and other metabolic disorders. Due to complex pathogenesis, modern methods of treatment with NAFLD are mainly focused on its key links in pathogenesis and associated metabolic disorders.
A change in lifestyle and nutrition is recognized as non -drug strategies for treatment. This review article comprehensively discusses the latest achievements in the field of treatment with NAFLD using omega-3 PUFA.
Correlation of Gut Microbiota with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Bakirova A.E. , Alekseev D.G. , Parcernyak A.S. , Bakirov B.A. ,   Military Medical Academy Named after S.M. Kirov, Saint Petersburg,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa
Published: December 2024

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common diseases in the world population, and its pathogenesis and etiology are well studied. However, this has not led to a decrease in the prevalence of this pathology. Recently, many authors have suggested a significant contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the etiology of this pathology. This work offers a review of the literature devoted to the study of the influence of the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microbiota in the development of iron deficiency anemia, as well as the effect of iron on the colonic microflora and changes in the microflora on iron metabolism. Of particular interest is the use of prebiotics, probiotics and metabiotics in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Despite the large number of publications on this topic, further studies are needed on the efficacy of supplements in addition to standard therapy with iron supplements, as well as the use of metabiotics to prevent the development of iron deficiency.
Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency under the Mask of NAFLD: a Clinical Case of Primary Diagnosis in a 47-Year-Old Man
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Vinnitskaya E.V. , Rozenberg L.S. , Saliev K.G. , Khaimenova T.Yu. , Sandler Yu.G. , Sbikina E.S.
Published: December 2024

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (DLK) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the LIPA gene. Cholesterol ester accumulation disease (BNEH) is a clinical phenotype of DLCL characterized by lysosomal acid lipase (LCL) activity with residual enzymatic activity of 1–5%, manifested at a later age and characterized by slow progression (unlike the main classical phenotype of DLCL – Wolman's disease). As a rule, even with histological examination of the liver, such patients may be diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or cryptogenic liver disease. The use of recombinant human sebelipase alpha as a replacement therapy opens up opportunities for long-term and successful treatment of patients with DLKL. The presented clinical case illustrates the possibilities of diagnosing this rare disease, hidden under the mask of NAFLD and first identified at the age of 47 years.