bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL OSTEOPOROSIS CREATED BY COMBINED OVARIECTOMY AND CALCIUM-RESTRICTED DIETS IN A PORCINE MODEL
Authors: Hsieh Jui-Yang , Wang Yao-Horng , Wang Jyh-Horng , Chen Po-Quang , Huang Yi-You
Published: December 2022

This study design is to evaluate the mid-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) with combined calcium-restricted and ovariectomized miniature porcine models as a large animal model in osteoporosis. The combined old practice hangs on for almost 30 years. Four 6-month-old (T0) female miniature pigs were enrolled in this study. The pigs were fed a normal diet prior to the ovariectomy at the age of 1 year and 3 months (T1) but switched to a diet with restricted calcium content afterwards. Each of the pigs received dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) once before ovariectomy, and once every three months (T2, T3, T4) after the ovariectomy to evaluate the changes in BMD. The body weight of all four subject pigs increased significantly during this study ([Formula: see text]). The initial changes in both the BMD levels (T1/T2) were found to be statistically insignificant ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively). However, upon comparison of later BMD changes (T3/T4, T1/T3 and T1/T4), statistically significant elevations were found ([Formula: see text] for all three comparisons). Ovariectomy and calcium-restricted diets are ineffective in achieving an osteoporotic porcine model based on BMD assessments. BMD levels of the subject pigs continued to rise until the point at which body growth had stopped because the ideal pigs for surgical experiments were far from maturity. This finding is not unexpected; after all, the subject pigs are not senile. Without violations of the physiology and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) regulations, moreover, pigs could be fed by strictly calcium-restricted diets or deprived of soybean component feed. Furthermore, the alternative protocols in osteoporotic porcine model shall perform experiments as soon as possible after ovariectomy. We should take other studies about artificial osteoporotic pigs more into consideration whether it is based on a rational method.
Observers for Robust Rotor State Estimation
Authors: Halbe Omkar , Hajek Manfred , Holzapfel Florian
Published: December 2022

The paper discusses the synthesis of linear and nonlinear observers to estimate rotor states from fuselage state measurements alone. First, the paper reviews two forms of the classical Luenberger linear observer applied to the rotor state estimation problem and identifies some limitations
thereof. Thereafter, the paper proposes a new robust nonlinear discontinuous observer based on the sliding mode theory to simultaneously estimate rotor flapping and lead-lagging states from fuselage state measurements. For this new nonlinear observer, the paper presents stability analyses
to determine conditions that guarantee rotor state estimation accuracy despite unknown but bounded turbulence input. The nonlinear observer also lends itself to the online and real-time estimation of the unknown turbulence input. Simulation results in calm and turbulent air conditions highlight
the efficacy and performance of the nonlinear discontinuous observer. Such rotor state observers could provide an independent source of online and real-time rotor states estimates to complement or supplement in situ rotor state measurement apparatus for various flight control and health-monitoring
functions.
Salivary AsHPX12 influences pre-blood meal associated behavioral properties in Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Kumari Seena , De Das Tanwee , Chauhan Charu , Rani Jyoti , Tevatiya Sanjay , Sharma Punita , Pande Veena , Dixit Rajnikant
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives:

A successful blood meal acquisition process by an adult female mosquito is accomplished through salivary glands, which releases a cocktail of proteins to counteract the vertebrate host’s immune homeostasis. Here, we characterize a salivary-specific Heme peroxidase family member HPX12, originally identified from Plasmodium vivax infected salivary RNAseq data of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi.

Methods:

To demonstrate we utilized a comprehensive in silico and functional genomics approach.

Results:

Our dsRNA-mediated silencing experiments demonstrate that salivary AsHPX12 may regulate pre-blood meal-associated behavioral properties such as probing time, probing propensity, and host attraction. Altered expression of the salivary secretory and antennal proteins expression may have accounted for salivary homeostasis disruption resulting in the unusual fast release of salivary cocktail proteins and delayed acquisition of blood meal in the AsHPX12 knockdown mosquitoes. We also observed a significant parallel transcriptional modulation in response to blood feeding and P. vivax infection.

Interpretation & conclusion:

With this work, we establish a possible functional correlation of AsHPX12 role in the maintenance of salivary physiological-homeostasis, and Plasmodium sporozoites survival/transmission, though the mechanism is yet to unravel.
Comparative effect of intrathecal meperidine, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and dexmedetomidine on preventing post-spinal anesthesia shivering and adverse events in hip fracture repair patients
Authors: Kokhaei Mansoreh , Modir Hesameddin , Moshiri Esmail , Azami Mehran
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To compare effect of intrathecal meperidine, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and dexmedetomidine on the prevention of postspinal anesthesia shivering and adverse events in hip fracture repair patients.

Methods:

In a randomized, double-blind trial, 132 patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I and II spinal anesthesia who needed hip fracture surgery were enrolled. Patients were stratified into 4 intervention groups based on a randomized block pattern: meperidine, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and dexmedetomidine. Hemodynamic parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, as well as the severity of shivering, core body temperature, Ramsay sedation score, adverse events, meperidine consumption were recorded and compared.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the normal hemodynamic parameters, temperature, duration of surgery, meperidine consumption, and adverse events such as dizziness, hypotension, nausea, and bradycardia among groups (P>0.05). Compared to other groups, severity of shivering was the lower in the dexmedetomidine group 6 and 8 h after surgery. The Ramsay sedation scores were higher in the dexmedetomidine and meperidine groups 4 h after surgery (P=0.020).

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine acts better than the other three adjuvants in reducing complications such as shivering. Overall, these four adjuvants are helpful to prevent postoperative shivering and could be put forward as promising local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia, based on anesthesiologists’ discretion and patients’ general conditions.

Clinical registration:

The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee at the Valiasr Hospital (Arak, Iran) with the clinical trial code of IRCT20141209020258N153.
Centralization and perceived control of COVID-19 during the pandemic
Authors: Samanci Tekin Çiğdem , İnfal Kesim Selma
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To uncover the impact of centralization of COVID-19 and perceived control of COVID-19 on society during the pandemic.

Methods:

We recruited a total of 1 041 people in this cross-sectional study. The data were collected using a questionnaire booklet covering demographics, a COVID-19-related information form, the Centrality of Event Scale, and the Perception of Control of COVID-19 Scale. We utilized independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance to analyze the data.

Results:

1041 questionnaires were collected and no questionnaire were excluded from our study. Slightly more than half of the participants (51.2%) stated that social isolation impaired public mental health, while 30.1% reported adverse impacts of the pandemic on their sleep quality. Participants with changes to their sleep patterns were found to centralize COVID-19 more. Moreover, measures against COVID-19 and constant announcements of the daily number of cases in the media brought both positive and negative effects on people and further contributed to the participants’ centralization of COVID-19. Individuals with low centralization scores were concluded to perceive COVID-19 as a minor disease. Healthcare professionals without a relative diagnosed with COVID-19 and those satisfied with treatment opportunities had a higher perceived control of COVID-19, while those who were not interested in statistical data on COVID-19 and who had difficulty complying with the rules had a lower perceived control of COVID-19. Besides, poorer perceived control of COVID-19 was found to adversely affect sleep quality. Furthermore, healthcare professionals scored higher on the inevitability subscale of the Perception of Control of COVID-19 Scale. Finally, among the participants, most COVID-19 survivors thought COVID-19 to be an avoidable disease.

Conclusion:

In addition to its physical impacts, COVID-19 adversely impacts on mental health, and these effects are closely linked to a society’s centralization of COVID-19 and perceived control of COVID-19.
Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 versus those infected with other SARS-CoV-2 strains
Authors: Ergenc Zeynep , Ergenc Hasan , Öztürk Ahmet , Kaya Gülsüm , Karaca Ocak Özlem , İnce Özgür
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To investigate the clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without B.1.1.7 mutation.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study included COVID-19 patients who were divided into two groups, the mutation and the non-mutation group. Demographics characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and mortality rates were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results:

A total of 196 patients were included in the study. The relationship between the mutant virus status and sex, age, comorbidity, survival status, and disease severity was not significant (P>0.05). No significant differences were found in duration of hospitalization between the mutation and the non-mutation group (P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between patients with and without mutant viruses in hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, procalcitonin, low density lipoprotein, ironbinding capacity, potassium, calcium, C-reactive protein, folate, creatine kinase myocardial band, D-dimer, and international normalized ratio (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

No significant difference is found in mortality rate, disease severity or duration of hospitalization between the patients with and without variant B.1.1.7. Careful monitoring of COVID-19 patients is required for all variants.
Near-fatal ferrous sulfate poisoning
Authors: Shaikh Wasim S , Shaikh Ayesha , Sasane Sachin , Al Rais Zeyad , Baqer Mohammed Ali
Published: December 2022

Rationale:

Acute iron poisoning is commonly seen in a pediatric population caused by accidental ingestion of iron syrups. We describe a case of iron poisoning who presented to the hospital following intentional near-fatal ingestion of ferrous sulfate.

Patient’s Concern:

A 14-years-old previously healthy female patient presented to the emergency department with a history of an intentional overdose of 80 ferrous sulfate tablets.

Diagnosis:

Ferrous sulfate poisoning.

Interventions:

The patient developed acute fulminant liver failure 24 h after of the overdose. She was managed conservatively, mainly with deferoxamine and N-acetylcysteine while awaiting transfer to a liver transplant facility.

Outcomes:

The patient responded well to medical therapy and was discharged on the 9th day of intensive care unit admission.

Lessons:

This case highlights the patient’s successful recovery with prompt conservative therapy. Severe iron toxicity can be treated with early use of deferoxamine and N-acetylcysteine where a liver transplant facility is not available.
Standardization of a Stool Concentration Method for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Rajendran Priya , Murugesan Baskaran , Balaji Sarath , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Palanisamy Sivaraman , Ramamoorthy Thirumalani , Hasini Sindhu , Devaleenal Bella , Watson Basilea
Published: December 2022

Background:

The inability of young children to expectorate sputum and paucibacillary status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) increases its diagnostic complexity. In this study, we aimed to standardize a stool concentration method for the detection of MTB and its drug resistance by line probe assay (LPA).

Methods:

The stool from 10 healthy children spiked with H37Rv in five different dilutions (1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, and 1:10,000), and stool from 10 confirmed TB and 54 clinically diagnosed TB children were subjected to an in-house stool concentration protocol. All the processed filtrates were subjected to smear microscopy, solid culture, Xpert ultra testing, and LPA.

Results:

Of 10 control samples, growth was seen in four samples (neat 1:1). In smear microscopy, bacilli could be seen in eight samples (1:1 and 1:10). Xpert ultra testing could detect MTB in eight samples in all dilutions with different loads. LPA could detect MTB in all samples and dilutions. In microbiologically confirmed children, seven out of 10 stool samples tested were positive. Out of 54 children with clinically diagnosed TB, 4 (7.4%) could be confirmed by microbiological diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The protocol standardized in this study proves to be better working in the molecular detection of MTB.
A Prospective Study of the Clinical Profile of Hemoptysis and its Correlation with Radiological and Microbiological Findings
Authors: Kaur Harveen , Pandhi Naveen , Kajal N. C.
Published: December 2022

Background:

The etiological pattern of hemoptysis has evolved, with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) becoming less prevalent as a cause. There is a paucity of literature regarding the spectrum of diseases that present as hemoptysis and the data related to detailed clinical profile are lacking. Hence, this study is taken up to determine the clinical profile of hemoptysis and its correlation with radiological and microbiological findings.

Methods:

This was a 3-year observational prospective study of a total of 50 patients who presented with active hemoptysis. Data were recorded from these patients for assessing the clinical characteristics, radiological, and microbiological correlation.

Results:

The most common etiologies of hemoptysis identified in this study were PTB in 60% of the patients, aspergilloma in 14%, followed by bronchiectasis in 8%, pneumonia in 8%, carcinoma lung in 4%, and lung abscess in 1 (2%). Mild hemoptysis was present in 8% of patients, whereas 42% had moderate hemoptysis, 18% of patients had severe, and 32% had massive hemoptysis. Sixty percent of patients had recurrent hemoptysis, and the majority of the patients, i.e., 68% tested negative on sputum smear examination for acid-fast bacillus. In 60% of patients, no growth was obtained in the sputum cultures. The most common organisms isolated from sputum cultures of the rest of the patients were Pseudomonas in 14%, Klebsiella in 10%, Escherichia coli in 4%, Staphylococci in 4%, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 4% of the cases. The majority of the patients were having consolidation and cavitary disease. A highly significant correlation was noted between the radiological findings of consolidation, mycetoma, cystic shadows, lung mass, and lung abscess and the etiology of hemoptysis (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

Hemoptysis of any volume implies a life-threatening process, which mandates immediate evaluation and treatment. It is evident that the etiological spectrum of hemoptysis is continuously changing, and more sophisticated investigations, better imaging techniques, bronchoscopic tools, availability of newer techniques in the developing world, and changing patterns of diseases, all contribute to these changes. Identification of the etiology, and localization of the bleeding site, is essential for the efficient management of hemoptysis.
Tuberculosis Treatment-related Lichenoid Drug Eruptions
Authors: Katran Zeynep Yegin , Bulut Ismet , Babalık Aylin
Published: December 2022

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in adults worldwide. Drug hypersensitivity in tuberculosis is an important problem affecting the treatment process. Although treatment is started with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients, it may not always be continued in this way. When hypersensitivity develops under antituberculosis treatment, type 4 hypersensitivity is the most common, and maculopapular drug eruption develops as a subgroup. Lichenoid drug eruption is very rare. We present our case who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, who developed lichenoid drug eruption while receiving treatment, and whose treatment was completed by giving the new regimen with successful desensitization.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: George John Titus , Miraclin Angel T , Sathyendra Sowmya , Michael Joy Sarojini , Prasad Jasmin , Rebekah Grace
Published: December 2022

Background:

India is endemic for Tuberculosis (TB), contributing to the world's highest number of active cases. Diabetes (DM), with its increasing burden in India, could contribute to adverse outcomes among patients with TB.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. We defined cases as those patients with diabetes at recruitment. Controls were non diabetics (NDM). Sputum samples for AFB smears, AFB culture and Xpert PCR along with blood samples for glycosylated Haemoglobin and glucose levels were collected at recruitment and at 6 months from patients with sputum positive pulmonary TB. Blood glucose levels and sputum smears were repeated at 2 months and monthly till they tested negative. The primary outcome studied was mortality at 6 month follow-up. The secondary outcomes included the time to conversion of sputum smears and cure rates between cases and controls.

Results:

We recruited 124 patients of which 68 were cases. Mortality after therapy was 15% in cases and 7% in controls, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Equal proportions in each group (Diabetics: 9% vs. NDM 9%) had persistent smear positivity at 2 months. There was no association between delayed sputum conversion and uncontrolled diabetes. Only about 57% of cases and 50% of controls were documented to have completed treatment or been cured. A significant reduction in HbA1c after 6 months of Antituberculous therapy was noted among the cases. [Mean difference – 1.76, P-value – 0.001, 95% CI of difference – (1.01 – 2.52)].

Conclusions:

Diabetes did not have adverse outcomes in the form of increased mortality or delayed sputum conversion rates. The high proportion of loss to follow-up seems to be a trend of concern, which should be addressed emergently.
Evaluation of the Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Rifampicin at the Regional Hospital Center of Maradi, Niger Republic
Authors: Abdoulaye Ousmane , Idi Iklima D , Mahaman Laouali Harouna Amadou , Lawan Ibrahim Maman , Boureima Hassane , Mati Fatima Guiet , Biraima Ahamadou , Maman Bacha Boukar Sidi , Mamane Saadou Habou , Issa Amoussa Gazaliou
Published: December 2022

Background:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, 600,000 cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) have been reported worldwide, including 490,000 cases of multidrug-resistant TB. Thus, through the present study, we proposed to evaluate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin in the regional hospital of Maradi.

Methods:

Our study involved 887 sputum samples that were GeneXpert tested from January 2016 to December 2020. These data were collected from the laboratory records of the Maradi Regional Hospital and analyzed with SPSS and Excel 2013 software.

Results:

In total, more than half of the patients were male, i.e., a sex ratio of 3.03. The average age was 41 years. The rate of detection of M. tuberculosis by GeneXpert was 42% and the frequency of resistance to rifampicin was 20%. However, treatment failure and relapse were associated with this monoresistance in 53.95% and 30.26% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study shows a fairly high prevalence of rifampicin resistance in the Maradi region, corresponding to twice the WHO threshold. The vast majority of these cases presented either a therapeutic failure or a relapse. Urgent and effective actions must be taken to significantly reduce the rates of treatment failure and relapse to decrease the rate of monoresistance and thus avoid the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.
Coexistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and Aspergilloma
Authors: Leo Sneha , Mulkoju Ravindrachari , Rajaram Manju , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman
Published: December 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a significant burden of infectious diseases worldwide. TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection potentiate each other, which has a negative impact on the disease progression. Aspergillus colonizing a preexisting parenchymal tubercular cavity is referred to as aspergilloma. Aspergilloma occurring in a patient with active TB is unusual. We report the case of a 50-year-old male who presented to us with complaints of cough and recurrent hemoptysis for 3 months. Clinical and radiological examination revealed right upper lobe aspergilloma. A right upper lobectomy was done and a histopathological examination showed evidence of active TB. The patient was started on antitubercular therapy (ATT) followed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). The presence of active TB should not be overlooked in a patient with aspergilloma, especially in immune-compromised individuals such as people living with HIV, as definitive treatment with surgical resection, and ATT along with ART has better outcomes.
A Rare Case Series of HIV-negative Patients with Early Relapsing Cervical Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis
Authors: Abali Hulya , Ortakoylu Mediha Gönenc
Published: December 2022

Most patients with early recurrent tuberculous lymphadenitis (RTL) can be overlooked due to the paucibacillary character of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) causing difficulty in the differential diagnosis. Here, we present three cases with early RTL that occurred after completing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) therapy with a cure, and that improved by early diagnosis and therapy. A 30-year-old migrant male, HIV-negative patient, who had used immunosuppressive drugs for Crohn's disease presented to the TB outpatient clinic with a new anterior cervical lymph node enlargement. Two months ago, his therapy for pulmonary TB and intra-abdominal tuberculous lymphadenitis (TL) was completed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of purulent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimen from the anterior cervical lymphadenopathy (LAP) was detected positive for MTBC. Isoniazid (H) resistance was determined via the Seegene system. The 6 cm anterior cervical LAP regressed to a 1.6 cm LAP at the 4th month of initial therapy with first-line antitubercular drugs. A 25-year-old female, the HIV-negative patient, was admitted to the TB outpatient clinic with a bulge on the submandibular area 3 months after the cessation of pulmonary multidrug-resistance TB therapy lasting 2 years. She had an index case but no comorbidity. The cytomorphology of FNA biopsy from the submandibular LAP reported granuloma with necrosis. RT-PCR of the purulent FNA specimen was positive for MTBC. H and rifampicin (R) resistances were found via the Seegene system. The right submandibular 2.9 cm LAP improved to a 1.7 cm LAP 6 months after the initiation of second-line antitubercular therapy. A 19-year-old male, the HIV-negative patient, presented to the TB outpatient clinic with a new bulge on the left supraclavicular area 9 months after cessation of pulmonary TB. He had no comorbidity and index case. RT-PCR of the purulent FNA specimen was positive for MTBC. H and R sensitivities were determined via the Seegene system. After the initial therapy with first-line antitubercular drugs for 2 months, the 1.5 cm left supraclavicular LAP improved to a 1.2 cm LAP.
Line Probe Assay Test in New Cases of Tuberculosis with Rifampicin Resistance not Detected by Xpert MTB/RIF
Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Hasan Helmia , Kusmiati Tutik , Permatasari Ariani , Kusumaningrum Deby , Wijaksono Whendy
Published: December 2022

Background:

In Indonesia, the National guideline for tuberculosis only recommended taking the DST to check INH resistance only for re-treatment cases of rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB) detected by Xpert MTB/RIF. This study was conducted mainly to evaluate the proportion of isoniazid resistance in new cases of RS-TB according to the Xpert MTB/RIF.

Methods:

This was an observational descriptive study in RS-TB new patients diagnosed by Xpert MTB/RIF. Sputum samples were examined using first-line LPA and evaluated by culture-based DST. Results of first-line LPA and culture-based DST were compared and presented.

Results:

Fifty-four new cases of RS-TB (according Xpert MTB/RIF) were enrolled in this study. INH resistance was detected in 4 (7.4%) using FL-LPA and in 5 (9.3%) using culture-based DST. RIF resistance was also found in 1 (1.9%) using FL-LPA and in 2 (3.7%) using culture-based DST. Ethambutol resistance was also detected in 4 (7.4%) using culture-based DST.

Conclusion:

First-line LPA successfully revealed 4 (7.4%) of Hr-TB in new RS-TB cases detected by the Xpert MTB/RIF. In new cases with RS-TB detected by the Xpert MTB/RIF, FL- LPA can be used as rapid molecular DST to detect RIF and INH resistance followed by culture-based DST to examine other drug resistance.
Scoping Review
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Yulistiani Yulistiani , Soedarsono Soedarsono
Published: December 2022

Background:

A regimen containing bedaquiline–delamanid is recommended in management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) to increase a success rate. However, this regimen was rare in a clinical setting due to a potential risk of QT prolongation. Several studies have reported the incidence of QT prolongation after administration of this regimen, but the results are inconsistent due to different sample size, study design, and covariate. The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze the published articles related to QT prolongation of bedaquiline and delamanid in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using a scoping review.

Methods:

This scoping review was conducted under PRISMA for scoping review. The outcomes of this review were incidence of QT prolongation and death. We found 8 articles to be included in this review.

Results:

The incidence of QT prolongation was higher for DR TB patients who received a regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid. However, this review found no clinical symptoms, such as cardiac arrhythmias, torsade de pointes, or even death. DR TB patients, especially the elderly, were at risk for QT prolongation. Special consideration in patients with HIV and low level of potassium should be closely monitored for QT interval.

Conclusion:

The regular measurement of electrocardiography was highly recommended to evaluate QT interval. Generally, the use of individualized regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid is relatively safe in DR TB patients.
Antibiotic Resistance Acquisition versus Primary Transmission in the Presentation of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: O'Toole Ronan Francis
Published: December 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to a single bacterial pathogen. Of concern is the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the control of tuberculosis (TB) including drug-resistant forms of the disease. Antimicrobial resistance increases the likelihood of worsened outcomes in TB patients including treatment failure and death. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, resistant to first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains with further resistance to second-line drugs (SLD), threaten control programs designed to lower TB incidence and end the disease as a public health challenge by 2030, in accordance with UN Sustainable Development Goals. Tackling TB requires an understanding of the pathways through which drug resistance emerges. Here, the roles of acquired resistance mutation, and primary transmission, are examined with regard to XDR-TB. It is apparent that XDR-TB can emerge from MDR-TB through a small number of additional resistance mutations that occur in patients undergoing drug treatment. Rapid detection of resistance, to first-line drugs and SLD, at the initiation of and during treatment, and prompt adjustment of regimens are required to ensure treatment success in these patients. Primary transmission is predicted to make an increasing contribution to the XDR-TB caseload in the future. Much work is required to improve the implementation of the World Health Organization-recommended infection control practices and block onward transmission of XDR-TB patients to contacts including health-care workers. Finally, limiting background resistance to fluoroquinolones in pre-XDR strains of M. tuberculosis will necessitate better antimicrobial stewardship in the broader use of this drug class.
Reactivation of Tuberculosis in Patient Treated with the Antifibrotic Drug Nintedanib
Authors: Krachunov Iliya Iliev , Ivanov Yavor Yordanov
Published: December 2022

The novel antifibrotic drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis give us an opportunity for change the course of the disease. Their usages are expected to rise with the widening of their indications. We report a case of a patient who complains of fatigue breathlessness on exertion, dry cough, and fever up to 38°C while on the antifibrotic drug nintedanib treatment. We proved the reactivation of latent tuberculosis (TB) by microbiology of bronchial lavage. The outpatient died from massive hemoptysis. To our knowledge, we present the first case in the world for reactivation of TB in a patient on treatment with nintedanib. We suggest closer follow-up for patients with a history of TB or living in countries with higher TB prevalence during treatment with antifibrotic drugs.
Practical use of dual-lumen catheter-facilitated reverse wire technique for nonhighly angulated side branch
Authors: Ota Issei , Nomura Tetsuya , Ono Kenshi , Sakaue Yu , Shoji Keisuke , Wada Naotoshi , Keira Natsuya , Tatsumi Tetsuya
Published: December 2022

Dual-lumen catheter (DLC)-facilitated reverse wire technique is considered a method of last resort for inserting a guidewire into a markedly angulated side branch. Moreover, this technique can be practically applied to other types of anatomical variations around the bifurcation. Case 1 was that of a 53-year-old man with a tight stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery at the diagonal bifurcation with angiographically apparent coronary dissection. We successfully achieved guidewire insertion into the targeted branch using the DLC-facilitated reverse wire technique. Case 2 involved a 78-year-old man with total occlusion of the mid-portion of the right coronary artery. The guidewire reentry point in the atrioventricular branch was slightly distant from the true distal end of the occlusion. We successfully used the DLC-facilitated reverse wire technique to pass a second guidewire to the posterodescending artery. Case 3 was that of an 80-year-old man whose coronary artery had an aneurysm with severe stenoses at both entry and exit of the aneurysm. We adopted the DLC-facilitated reverse wire technique and easily advanced the guidewire by matching the guidewire advancing path with the direction of the sequential conduit constituted by the coronary aneurysm and stenosis. The timing of decision-making to try the DLC-facilitated reverse wire technique is important. The lesion for which reverse wiring is suitable is usually difficult to be treated with conventional guidewire crossing. We have to promptly judge the validity of applying this technique based on the angiographic findings of targeted lesions and take immediate action to implement this procedure to reduce the procedural time and irradiation dose.
Ethical Leadership in Education: A Uniting View Through Ethics of Care, Justice, Critique, and Heartful Education
Authors: Berges Puyo Jorge Gabriel
Published: December 2022

Several studies have suggested that the implementation of ethical leadership can lead to improved job satisfaction, enhanced emotional commitment, and prevent employees from burnout. This article investigates the concept of ethical leadership and its repercussions on the field of education through a uniting perspective. This study proposes a review of the ethical leadership literature focusing on three paradigms: ethics of care, justice, and critique which we are linking to the concept of heartful education as helping tools for administrators, faculty, students, and families alike. The goals of this article are to (a) obtain a concept of ethical educational leadership; (b) to explore a relationship between ethical educational leadership and heartful education; (c) to adopt a uniting view on ethical educational leadership; (d) to investigate the roles of educational leaders through the ethics or care, justice, and critique; (e) to review previous ethical educational leadership studies (f) to obtain a series of conclusions on the implementation of this type of leadership on the field of education.
Şehirsel Yayılmanın Jeomorfolojik Birimlerle İlişkisinin Zamansal Ve Mekânsal Analizi: Edirne Örneği
Authors: ULUDAĞ Musa , ÖZŞAHİN Emre
Published: December 2022

Plansız ve sürdürülemez şehirsel büyüme trendi, ekolojik işleyişi zamansal ve mekânsal ölçekte kademeli olarak etkilemektedir. Yakın zamanda insanın ve çevresinin refahı üzerinde dramatik değişimlere yol açan bu etkinin mevcut ve gelecek durumunu anlamak ve politika oluşturmaya yardımcı olmak için şehirsel büyümenin jeomorfolojik birimler dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi çok gerekli olmuştur. Böylece daha yaşanabilir şehirsel mekanların ortaya çıkması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Edirne şehrinin zamansal ve mekânsal değişiminin jeomorfolojik birimlerle ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Stratejik konumundan dolayı eski çağlardan beri popüler bir iskan sahası olan bu şehrin zamansal süreçte geçirdiği mekânsal değişimlerin analiz edilmesi gerek Türkiye gerekse Avrupa iskan coğrafyasının anlaşılması bakımından çok önemlidir. CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) destekli mekânsal analiz yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiş bu çalışmada, tarihi ve güncel haritalar kullanılmıştır. İlgili literatür ve saha çalışmalarıyla desteklenen bu veriler yardımıyla şehirsel alanın hem tarihi gelişimi hem de jeomorfolojik birimleri haritalandırılmıştır. Bu haritalar yöntem çerçevesinde kıyaslanıp, zamansal süreçte oransal değişimler saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Edirne şehrinin kuruluşundan günümüze kadar geçen zamanda mekânsal farklılaşmasının daha iyi anlaşılması ve şehirsel gelişimin jeomorfolojik birimlerle ilişkisinin tanımlanması bakımından önemli veriler elde edilmiştir. İskan tarihine duraylı yamaçlarda bulunan olgun akarsu taraçaları üzerine kurulmuş Kaleiçi yerleşim alanı şeklinde başlayan Edirne şehrinde Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemlerinde önemli bir büyüme hamlesi görülmüştür. Osmanlı döneminde 17. yy’la kadar mekansal büyümenin egemen olduğu şehirsel alanda 18. yy’dan sonra belirgin bir duraklama yaşanmıştır. Cumhuriyet döneminde mekânsal değişimin daha çok jeomorfolojik özelliklerden kaynaklanan taşkın probleminin görüldüğü sahalara doğru gerçekleştiği Edirne şehrinde günümüze yakın zamanda ise şehirsel gelişimin nispeten daha uygun alanlara doğru kaymaya başlınmış olmasına rağmen, taşkın ovasına doğruda yayılım devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmayla Edirne şehrinin sürdürülebilir planlamasına hizmet edebilecek kıymetli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları Edirne şehrinin zamansal ve mekânsal değişiminin jeomorfolojik birimlerle ilişkisini aydınlatmasının yanında karar vericileri ve planlamacılarını yönlendirici bilgiler sunmaktadır.
Kent Olgusu ve Kent-Din İlişkisi Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YILMAZ Musa , AKYÜZ Niyazi
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, medeni insanın doğal yaşam alanı olan kentlerin, toplumların karakteristiğini, yaşam biçimlerini ve radikal değişimlerini belirlemede oynadığı etkin rolü konu edinerek, kent olgusunu tarihsel düzlemde sosyologların farklı bakış açıları ve yaklaşımları üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, ilk olarak kentin tarihsel ortaya çıkışında, gelişiminde ve farklılaşmasında doğal koşulların saptanması ve bu süreçte dinin işlevsel boyutu irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ardından sosyolojik açıdan kent tanımlamasına değinildikten sonra, toplumsal değişimi merkeze alarak kenti analiz eden klasik sosyologların tipolojik kent yaklaşımları üzerinde durulmuştur. Kenti sosyolojik çalışma nesnesi ve laboratuvar olarak gören Chicago ekolü düşünürlerin, rekabet, istila ve hakimiyet gibi kavramlarla kentsel gelişmeye dair görüşleri ile kentsel mekânı kapitalist üretim süreçleri olarak ele alan çağdaş kent sosyologlarının, kendine özgü yaklaşımları ışığında, sosyolojik düzlemde kent olgusu değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca kentsel mekân ve din ilişkisinde dinin işlevsel boyutu irdelenmeye çalışılarak, bir yaşam biçimi olan dindarlığın kentsel görünümleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kentin inşasında toplumun dini ve sosyolojik karakteristiğinin etkisi olduğu gibi toplumsal yapının şekillenmesinde de kentin etkisi görülmektedir diyebiliriz. Böylece, sosyolojik açıdan kent olgusu, farklı yaklaşımlara göre kentsel gelişme ile kent din ilişkisi ve dindarlığın kentsel görünümleri çerçevesinde incelenen bu çalışma, dokümantasyon tekniği ile ele alınıp, İşlevselcilik paradigmasından yararlanılmıştır.
Ağır Hastalarda Dini Başa Çıkma
Authors: COŞGUN Rabia , TOKUR Behlül
Published: December 2022

Bu makale, ağır hastalarda dinî başa çıkma sürecini anlamak amacıyla yapılan nitel bir araştırmadan oluşmaktadır. Kanserli, MS (Multiple Skleroz)li ve felç (inme)li hastalardan oluşan örneklem grubu, Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde tedavi gören 35 hastadan oluşmaktadır. Görüşmeler, hastalığı anlamlandırma ve uyum, hastayı hayata bağlayan süreçler, dinî başa çıkma süreci, hastanın hayata dair beklenti ve istekleri şeklinde dört ana tema çevresinde yapılmıştır. Ağır hastalık sürecinin hastaların hayatlarında, iş ve sosyal hayatın değişmesi, psikolojik sağlığın bozulması ve tedavi sürecinin yıpratıcılığına dair etkiler bıraktığı yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu gibi durumlarla başa çıkmada dinin etkisi de bir o kadar gözlenen bir gerçekliktir. Nitekim 29 hastada sevgi temelli koruyucu Tanrı algısı görülmüştür. Araştırmada bunun yanı sıra hastaların, sağlıklarına kavuşarak sade bir yaşam beklentisi ile hayata geri dönmek istedikleri ve eski hayatlarına dair pişmanlıklarıyla yüzleştikleri görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak; Allah’a sığınmak, O’ndan güç almak, dua, ibadet, sabır, aile ve yakın çevre desteği (sosyal destek) gibi, dinin direk ve dolaylı olarak sağlamış olduğu etkenlerin hastalıkla mücadelede ve sade ve huzurlu bir hayat beklentisi içine girmede olumlu etkileri olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
İlahiyat Eğitiminin Dönüştürücü Etkileri: Uluslararası İlahiyat Öğrencileri Örneği
Authors: DEMİR Zekiye
Published: December 2022

Sürekli değişimin yaşandığı bir dünyada tutum ve davranışların aynı kalması beklenemez. Yaşadığımız sosyal çevre, aldığımız eğitim, kişilik yapımız, sosyo ekonomik ve sağlık durumumuz ve daha bir çokşey tutum ve davranış değişikliğimize az yada çok neden olur. Bunun için tutum davranış değişiklikleri ekonomiden psikolojiye, sağlık bilimlerinden sosyolojiye bir çok alanın çalışma konuları arasında yerini alır. Bu çalışmada sosyal-psikoloji alanına giren tutum ve davranış değişikliği Uluslararası İlahiyat Öğrencileri özelinde ele alınmıştır. Öğrencilik hayatlarının son sınıfında ve son döneminde olan Uluslararası İlahiyat Öğrencilerinin aldıkları beş yıllık eğitim sonucunda ne gibi bir tutum ve davranış değişikliği sahip olduklarını tespit etmeyi amaçlayan çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemi mülakat tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Yapılan mülakatlar sonucunda öğrencilerde yaşanılan sosyal çevre ve edinilen bilgi aracılılığı ile pozitif yönde radikalliğin sönümlenmesi, toleransın artması, eleştirel ve anlayıcı bakışın kazanılması, dindarlığın farklı boyutlarının oluşması gibi birden çok tutum ve davranış değişikliği tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Kültürel Mirası Koruma Sürecinde Kutsal Mekân
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Nevin , CANBOLAT Ayşe Nur
Published: December 2022

Kutsal mekânlar, kültürel ve kutsal değerleri ile insanlık tarihi boyunca yaşamı, mekânları ve hatta kentleri şekillendirmede etkin olmuşlardır. 2004 yılında kültürel mirası tanımlamak ve analiz etmek amacıyla ICOMOS tarafından hazırlanan çerçevelerde kutsal miras olarak kutsal mekânlar önemsenmiştir. Kültürel mirasın temsil edilmesinde denge ve eşitlik ilkeleri benimsenmiş, mirasın çeşitliliğine ve zenginliğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bu yaklaşımla; uluslararası gelişmelere dayalı olarak Türkiye’de kültürel mirası koruma süreci kutsal mekânlar üzerinden irdelenmiştir. Küresel düzeyde koruma yaklaşımlarının öngördüğü araç ve politikalar ile ulusal koruma yaklaşımları karşılıklı değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda günümüzde kültürel nitelikleri ile tanımlanan kutsal mekânların ulusal koruma mevzuatında yadsındığı, kutsal mekânın tanımlanması ve tespit edilmesine dair kriterlerin eksik ve koruma sürecinin ise belirsiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu içerik ile makalenin amacı Türkiye’de koruma sistemi içerisinde kutsal mekânların nasıl yer alabileceğine dair farkındalık yaratmak ve alan yazında Türkiye’de kutsal mekâna yaklaşım konusunu yasal-yönetsel boyutu ile ele almaktır.
Pakistan’daki Din Psikolojisi Çalışmalarına Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: ASGHAR Sadia
Published: December 2022

Pakistan, bağımsızlığını yakın zamanda kazanmış, komşu ülkesi olan Hindistan’la yaşadığı çatışmalar sebebiyle siyasi belirsizlikler yaşayan, oldukça yoğun nüfusa sahip bir Müslüman ülkedir. Bu yoğun nüfus, ülkenin yoksullukla mücadele etmesine sebep olmaktadır. Ülkede yaşanan problemler, insanların ruh sağlığını etkilemektedir. Bireyin bozulmasıyla birlikte toplumda da bozulmalar yaşanmaktadır. Bu anlamda toplumların, daha sağlıklı bir şekilde ilerleyebilmesi için içinde bulundukları sosyal sorunlarla yüzleşip mücadele etmesi gerekmektedir. İnsanlar, üstesinden gelemeyecekleri problemlerle karşılaştıklarında genellikle kendilerinden daha güçlü gördükleri bir varlığa sığınma ihtiyacı duyarlar. Bu varlık, dinler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda bireyin davranışını psikoloji bilimi incelerken inanılan dinin insan davranışlarına yansımasını da din psikolojisi bilimi inceler ve ortaya bazı veriler koyar. Bu çalışma; Pakistan’da din psikolojisi alanında yazılmış çalışmaları incelemek, hangi konular üzerinde yoğunlaştıklarını tespit etmek, aynı zamanda ilgili çalışmaların farklı ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalarla benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yazılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi takip edilerek yapılan bu çalışma; kitap, makale ve tez literatür taramasıyla incelenmiştir.
Análisis bibliométrico sobre las tendencias en marcos legales y educativos del Sistema Penal Juvenil
Authors: Cortés Torres José Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Los marcos normativos internacionales relacionados con políticas de acceso a la educación de jóvenes y adolescentes privados de la libertad determinan garantías para su consecuente cumplimiento. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar las publicaciones científicas que consideren las tendencias en marcos legales y educativos del Sistema Penal Juvenil en países de América Latina, España y Estados Unidos. El presente estudio presenta una investigación de tipo bibliométrica, un análisis constituido por 50 artículos resultados de investigaciones y presentes en bases de datos indexadas de Scopus, Ebsco, ProQuest y ScienceDirect. Asimismo, se examinaron textos publicados entre el 2018 y 2021. Con relación a las características de los manuscritos, se encontró que es necesaria la aplicabilidad de este tipo de investigaciones en el campo de innovación educativa, ya que esta permite comprender y ampliar no solo la visión bibliográfica, sino el estado de los procesos educativos en centros de detención judicial para menores. Finalmente, se destaca que una de las áreas temáticas poco trabajadas, pero de gran relevancia es la reinserción al sector productivo de los jóvenes privados de la libertad, así como la consolidación de normas leyes, planes y programas que tengan en cuenta no sólo las variables psicosociales, sino también la reinserción efectiva en el campo socioeducativo, económico-productivo y en el familiar.
La gamificación cooperativa como estrategia de enseñanza inclusiva en estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa “Molleturo”. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Guanoluisa Johana , Quichimbo Jackeline , Muevecela Senaida
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo corresponde a una investigación sobre la gamificación estrategia de enseñanza inclusiva en la Unidad Educativa “Molleturo”. El objetivo fue analizar la importancia y los beneficios que ofrece la gamificación como técnica de enseñanza inclusiva en la educación actual. Para lo cual, se implementó una metodología cualitativa basada en la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre la gamificación, sus características y beneficios en el proceso educativo para la inclusión mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Por lo que, se concluyó que la gamificación cooperativa logra mejores resultados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para una educación inclusiva. Sin embargo, se pudo evidenciar que no existen suficientes estudios que permitan profundizar el análisis en esta temática. Razón por la cual, no se ha llegado a implementar y utilizar este aprendizaje de manera adecuado. Por lo que, es fundamental considerar a la gamificación como una estrategia innovadora que ayuda a mejorar la educación inclusiva mediante los recursos que brinda la tecnología y la sociedad del conocimiento.
De regreso a la escuela, presencialidad intermitente. La educación básica en Chiapas, México
Authors: García Lara Germán Alejandro , Hernández Solís Soledad , Cruz Pérez Oscar , Ocaña Zúñiga Jesús
Published: December 2022

Después del confinamiento y la suspensión de las actividades escolares por la emergencia sanitaria de covid-19, la vuelta a clases ha generado esperanza y tribulaciones en los agentes educativos, de particular manera para el profesorado que realiza un arduo quehacer de planificación, gestión y enseñanza. En este contexto, el estudio analiza las experiencias en el regreso a actividades escolares presenciales en docentes de educación básica de Chiapas, México. El trabajo se realiza desde una aproximación cualitativa praxeológica a partir de la aplicación de entrevistas y registros de observación de los propios docentes. Los resultados se conforman en tres bloque temáticos: tramas sociales y subjetivas de la vuelta a clases presenciales; Red de relaciones y vínculos; y, el de Los procesos escolares cotidianos. En estos se exponen las complejidades sociales, de salud, pedagógicas y subjetivas que el regreso a clases trae consigo, cuya modalidad, de tipo mixto —presencial y a distancia—, se supedita a la realidad de las comunidades y de las relaciones que se tejen entre sus actores y subjetividades, demarcadas por un entorno de infraestructura precario, que exige mayor congruencia entre las intenciones institucionales, el derecho a la educación y las prácticas en que se fundan.