bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold‐water species deepen to escape warm water temperatures
Authors: Chaikin Shahar , Dubiner Shahar , Belmaker Jonathan
Published: October 2021

Aim

Whether marine species can respond to ocean warming by changing their depth remains controversial. Some evidence suggests that species can deepen to cope with warming climates, whereas other studies have found ecologically constrained depth distributions. Our study focuses on generalizing the depth response of species to warming and elucidating whether some species display a larger change in depth than others. This might help us to understand the future distribution of marine species and communities.

Location

The Mediterranean Sea.

Time period

1985–2017.

Major taxa studied

Fish, malacostracans and cephalopods.

Methods

We compiled depth records of species from bottom‐trawl surveys encompassing 236 marine species across the steep climatic gradient of the Mediterranean Sea. These data represent the largest assessment, to date, of the potential of species to modify their depth distribution in response to spatially varying climate. Using environmental variables (e.g., sea surface temperature, bottom temperature and salinity), we elucidate the change in depth of species across different climatic gradients. We then test whether species traits (e.g., thermal preference, depth affinity and taxonomic relationship) explain the variation in depth response.

Results

We reveal a significant deepening of minimum depths (shallow depth limits) with increasing sea temperatures across the Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, we show that this deepening is uneven among species, in that cold‐water species and eurytherms deepen more than warm‐water species and stenotherms. In addition, deep‐water species deepen more than shallow‐water species. We also find surprising changes toward shallower maximal depths (deep depth limits) with warming, but this pattern is not entirely supported by our sensitivity analyses.

Main conclusions

These large changes across the Mediterranean Sea imply that progressively warmer oceans will compress the vertical distribution of marine organisms. However, given that different species will respond differentially, the future vertical distribution of marine communities will change in complex ways.
A critical analysis of research methods to study clinical molecular biomarkers in Endodontic research
Authors: Zehnder Matthias , Belibasakis Georgios N.
Published: October 2021

The authors of this narrative review aimed to address various experimental methods and make recommendations for how research should move forward in the context of studying biomarkers in clinical Endodontic research. The approach adopted is exemplified using two prominent clinical problems, namely (a) the ‘reversible’ versus ‘irreversible’ pulpitis conundrum and (b) persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain (PIDAP). Pulpitis under deep caries or dentinal cracks is understood from a histological perspective, but clinical assessment tools to indicate irreversibly inflamed aspects of the dental pulp are elusive. PIDAP, on the other hand, is a diagnosis of exclusion; its pathophysiology is complex and not understood sufficiently to avoid unnecessary dental treatments. This review addresses how diagnostic biomarkers could further our understanding of those and other clinical problems, and how issues can be tackled from a methodological point of view. Hence, different methodological approaches to identify suitable diagnostic biomarker(s) or use known biomarkers are presented. The importance of asking a relevant research question, collecting the most suitable fluid and using the ideal collection vehicle for the research question under investigation is discussed based on the defined clinical problems.
The role of thromboxane prostanoid receptor signaling in gastric ulcer healing
Authors: Yamane Sakiko , Amano Hideki , Ito Yoshiya , Betto Tomohiro , Matsui Yoshio , Koizumi Wasaburo , Narumiya Shuh , Majima Masataka
Published: October 2021

The process of gastric ulcer healing includes cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and re‐epithelialization. Platelets contain angiogenesis stimulating factors that induce angiogenesis. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) not only induces platelet activity but also angiogenesis. This study investigated the role of TXA2 in gastric ulcer healing using TXA2 receptor knockout (TPKO) mice. Gastric ulcer healing was suppressed by treatment with the TXA2 synthase inhibitor OKY‐046 and the TXA2 receptor antagonist S‐1452 compared with vehicle‐treated mice. TPKO showed delayed gastric ulcer healing compared with wild‐type mice (WT). The number of microvessels and CD31 expression were lower in TPKO than in WT mice, and TPKO suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) in areas around gastric ulcers. Immunofluorescence assays showed that TGF‐β and VEGF‐A co‐localized with platelets. Gastric ulcer healing was significantly reduced in WT mice transplanted with TPKO compared with WT bone marrow. These results suggested that TP signalling on platelets facilitates gastric ulcer healing through TGF‐β and VEGF‐A.
Thermally stable Mn2+‐activated zinc silicate nanophosphor for speedy recognition of high‐contrast latent fingermarks
Authors: Sahu Mukesh K. , Bishnoi Swati , Swati G. , Jayasimhadri M. , Haranath D.
Published: October 2021

Crystalline divalent manganese‐activated zinc orthosilicate (Zn2SiO4:Mn2+) nanophosphor has been synthesized via the solution‐based sol–gel process. Structural, morphological, and photoluminescence (PL) properties were explored. X‐ray diffraction pattern confirms the crystalline hexagonal structure of the single‐phase Zn2SiO4 powder. The size and shape of Zn2SiO4 powder were analyzed using micrographs, which implies that the prepared phosphor particles are in the nano range. PL spectra have been recorded as a function of Mn2+ dopant concentration. A dominant green (∼526 nm) emission broad peak was observed owing to the characteristic (4T1→6A1) transition of Mn2+ ion under UV/blue excitation. The green emission (∼526 nm) intensity depends upon the doping concentration of Mn2+ ion, and it is found to be optimum for 2.0 mol%, after that quenching phenomenon was registered. The CIE color coordinate of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ lies in the bright green region under UV excitation with 94.3% color purity. Real‐time experiments have been carried out for speedy development of high‐contrast fingermarks using Zn2SiO4 nanophosphor on various porous and nonporous substrates.
The effects of self‐esteem and perspective‐taking on group auditor's review actions
Authors: Borkus Ayla M. , de Boer Hielke D. , van Brenk Herman , van Nieuw Amerongen Niels
Published: October 2021

We examine the effects of self‐esteem and perspective‐taking—both separately and jointly—on group auditors' selection of the next steps after reviewing the findings of a component auditor on a warranty provision. These individual and situational determinants of professional scepticism are important factors for enhancing audit quality in multinational group audits given the concerns about group audit quality raised by regulators. We hypothesize that group auditors who have high self‐esteem and are prompted to take the regulator's perspective plan more effective next steps after reviewing the work of component auditors. In an experiment with 103 audit partners and managers, we measured self‐esteem and manipulated a perspective‐taking prompt. As hypothesized, we find that group auditors who have high self‐esteem or who are prompted to take the regulator's perspective plan more effective next steps than those with low self‐esteem or who are unprompted. We find no support for an interaction between self‐esteem and perspective‐taking in the context of our study. Audit firms can use the insights from our study in selecting group auditors based on self‐esteem and developing firm policies to consider the regulator's perspective when reviewing the findings of component auditors to enhance audit quality in multinational group audits.
Training activities in subsidiaries of foreign multinational companies: Local embeddedness in Germany?
Authors: Fuchs Martina , Westermeyer Johannes , Finken Lena , Pilz Matthias
Published: October 2021

While labour geography notes that subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNCs) exploit workers, studies in vocational education show that the international subsidiaries perform education and training. Often, the latter strand of literature relates to cases of MNCs from countries with ‘dual’ apprenticeships that combine comprehensive vocational education and training (VET) of vocational schools/universities and companies. This is how VET is practiced in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The VET literature also explores how transfer of ‘dual’ practices from these countries of origin can contribute to skilling employees in the host countries. Starting from these conceptual approaches, this paper takes a different perspective. It asks how training activities of MNCs with headquarters in countries where companies hardly combine their in‐house trainings with vocational schools, perform training activities in Germany where ‘dual’ apprenticeship is the prevalent institutional environment. Besides ‘dual’ VET, the study also includes MNCs’ ‘dually’ coordinated training activities with universities. The topic of MNCs’ training activities in such complex structured institutional environments has hardly been researched until now. Methodologically, the study is based on case studies and uses qualitative research approaches for the evaluation of interviews. The results illustrate a spectrum of different kinds of training by presenting three case studies and show how they relate to the particular institutional context in Germany. The discussion and conclusion integrate the results in further findings of the study and literature.
Impact of varying wave periods of COVID‐19 on in‐hospital mortality and length of stay for admission through emergency department: A territory‐wide observational cohort study
Authors: Xiong Xi , Wai Abraham K. C. , Wong Janet Y. H. , Tang Eric H. M. , Chu Owen C. K. , Wong Carlos K. H. , Rainer Timothy H.
Published: October 2021

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with excess mortality and reduced emergency department attendance. However, the effect of varying wave periods of COVID‐19 on in‐hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) for non‐COVID disease for non‐COVID diseases remains unexplored.

Methods

We examined a territory‐wide observational cohort of 563,680 emergency admissions between January 1 and November 30, 2020, and 709,583 emergency admissions during the same 2019 period in Hong Kong, China. Differences in 28‐day in‐hospital mortality risk and LOS due to COVID‐19 were evaluated.

Results

The cumulative incidence of 28‐day in‐hospital mortality increased overall from 2.9% in 2019 to 3.6% in 2020 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.22, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.25). The aHR was higher among patients with lower respiratory tract infection (aHR: 1.30 95% CI 1.26 to 1.34), airway disease (aHR: 1.35 95% CI 1.22 to 1.49), and mental disorders (aHR: 1.26 95% CI 1.15 to 1.37). Mortality risk in the first‐ and third‐wave periods was significantly greater than that in the inter‐wave period (p‐interaction < 0.001). The overall average LOS in the pandemic year was significantly shorter than that in 2019 (Mean difference = −0.40 days; 95% CI −0.43 to −0.36). Patients with mental disorders and cerebrovascular disease in 2020 had a 3.91‐day and 2.78‐day shorter LOS than those in 2019, respectively.

Conclusions

Increased risk of in‐hospital deaths was observed overall and by all major subgroups of disease during the pandemic period. Together with significantly reduced LOS for patients with mental disorders and cerebrovascular disease, this study shows the spillover effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Multiple property enhancement in bismuth ferrite‐based ferroelectrics by balancing nanodomain and relaxor state
Authors: Li Yang , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang
Published: October 2021

Bismuth ferrite‐barium titanate (BF‐BT)‐based ferroelectrics have received widespread attention due to its adjustable structure features and multifunctional characteristics. Property optimization (ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, electrostrain, electrostriction) for different application scenarios can be realized by increasing BT content gradually, while it is still difficult to integrate multiple performance advantages in the same component. To solve the problem and achieve the simultaneous enhancement of property parameters, defect engineering was adopted in this work to balance domain configuration and relaxor state via selective oxides modification strategy. Compared with the nanodomain engineered relaxor ferroelectrics with improved electrostrain and degraded ferroelectricity, the defect‐mediated ceramics doped with MnO2 present both enhanced electrostrain and ferroelectricity. Multiscale structure analysis (crystal structure, defect structure, and domain structure) and property characterization (ferroelectricity, strain property, and leakage current density) suggested that the defect dipoles induced by Mn substitution can effectively refine domain size and maintain ferroelectric state at room temperature, and the easier domain switching caused by weak‐correlated polar dipoles greatly improves both the strain and ferroelectricity. Especially, the defect dipoles‐mediated nanodomain and property enhancement can be only observed in BFO‐Mn ceramics, and infeasible for other oxides (e.g., CuO and CeO2). We believe that this work can provide some guidance to modify electrical properties in BF‐BT‐based ferroelectrics.
Qualitative study of Stroke Survivors’ Perceptions of Secondary Prevention
Authors: Lin Beilei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Thrift Amanda G. , Wang Wenna , Mei Yongxia , Guo Yunfei , Liu Lamei , Liu Fang , Xue Lihong
Published: October 2021

Aims

To understand how survivors of stroke perceive secondary prevention and explore their perceived barriers and facilitators using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Nineteen survivors of stroke from three hospitals were recruited and interviewed from April 2019 to April 2020. The data were analysed deductively and inductively by content analysis strategies.

Results

Three main themes of perception of secondary prevention were identified, these being active treatment‐seeking, attention to taking medications and negative attitude towards lifestyle changes. Using deductive analysis, eight domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework were reported to be relevant in the secondary prevention behaviour of survivors of stroke that mapped to five ‘barrier’ domains (i.e. knowledge, physical skills, beliefs about capability, beliefs about consequences and optimism) as well as six ‘facilitator’ domains (i.e. knowledge, interpersonal skills, beliefs about capability, intention, emotion and social influences). Using inductive analysis we identified two additional important factors not falling in the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. These comprised female spouses’ support and patients’ economic autonomy, both of which could be classified as a facilitator or barrier.

Conclusion

Survivors of stroke perceive seeking treatment and using preventive medication as more important than modifying lifestyle behaviours. Knowledge and insight into the barriers and facilitators of secondary prevention in this specific context provides a theoretical and practical basis for the design of future secondary prevention interventions.

Impact

Stroke survivors’ perceptions of secondary prevention, barriers and facilitators were explored in the context of a developing country. These findings highlight the need to better communicate the importance of improving lifestyle modification and medication adherence, and provide evidence for designing relevant interventions for stroke management in the community.
Investigating the relationship between workplace stressors and caring behaviours of nursing staff in inpatient wards: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Emami Payam , Boozari Pour Mahsa , Zahednezhad Hosein , Khanali Mojen Leila , Naseri Vahid
Published: October 2021

Aim

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of various job stressors on caring behaviours of nursing staff.

Design

A cross‐sectional nationwide study.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, descriptive‐correlational study was conducted on 260 nurses employed in the inpatient wards of seven teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran during December 2019–February 2020. The participants were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the nursing stress scale and the caring behaviours inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis.

Results

The results of regression analysis indicated that job stress is correlated with nurses' caring behaviours (β = −.36; p = .001). Factors such as workload (β = −.27; p = .001), uncertainty about patient treatment (β = −.26; p = .017) and lack of emotional preparation (β = −.20; p = .017) were the important stressors associated with nurses' caring behaviours.

Conclusions

According to the results, high levels of perceived job stress due to workload, uncertainty about patient treatment and lack of emotional preparation are associated with lower levels of nurses' caring behaviours.

Impacts

The findings of this study showed that to provide patients with optimal caring behaviours, hospital and nursing managers should design interventions to reduce nurses' job stressors, especially in terms of their interactions with their colleagues and physicians.
m6A regulator‐mediated RNA methylation modification patterns and immune microenvironment infiltration characterization in severe asthma
Authors: Sun Deyang , Yang Huan , Fan Liming , Shen Fenglin , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2021

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most prevalent RNA modification forms of eukaryotic mRNA and is an important post‐transcriptional mechanism for regulating genes. However, the role of m6A modification in the regulation of severe asthma has never been reported. Thus, we aimed to investigate the m6A regulator‐mediated RNA methylation modification patterns and immune microenvironment infiltration characterization in severe asthma. In this study, 87 healthy controls and 344 severe asthma cases from the U‐BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) programme were used to systematically evaluate the m6A modification patterns mediated by 27 m6A regulators and to investigate the effects of m6A modification on immune microenvironment characteristics. We found that 16 m6A regulators were abnormal and identified two key m6A regulators (YTHDF3 and YTHDC1) and three m6A modification patterns. The study of infiltration characteristics of immune microenvironment found that pattern 2 had more infiltrating immune cells and more active immune response. Besides, it was found that the eosinophils which are very important for severe asthma were affected by YTHDF3 and EIF3B. We also verified key m6A regulators with merip‐seq and found that they were mainly distributed in exons and enriched in 3′UTR. In conclusion, our findings suggested that m6A modification plays a key role in severe asthma, and may be able to guide the future strategy of immunotherapy.
Endogenous tRNA‐derived small RNA (tRF3‐Thr‐AGT) inhibits ZBP1/NLRP3 pathway‐mediated cell pyroptosis to attenuate acute pancreatitis (AP)
Authors: Sun Boshi , Chen Zhuomiaoyu , Chi Qiang , Zhang Yifan , Gao Bo
Published: October 2021

Endogenous transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are newly identified RNAs that are closely associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, but the involvement of tsRNAs in regulating acute pancreatitis (AP) development has not been reported. In this study, we screened out a novel tsRNA, tRF3‐Thr‐AGT, that was aberrantly downregulated in the acinar cell line AR42J treated with sodium taurocholate (STC) and the pancreatic tissues of STC‐induced AP rat models. In addition, STC treatment suppressed cell viability, induced pyroptotic cell death and cellular inflammation in AP models in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of tRF3‐Thr‐AGT partially reversed STC‐induced detrimental effects on the AR42J cells. Next, Z‐DNA‐binding protein 1 (ZBP1) was identified as the downstream target of tRF3‐Thr‐AGT. Interestingly, upregulation of tRF3‐Thr‐AGT suppressed NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated pyroptotic cell death in STC‐treated AR42J cells via degrading ZBP1. Moreover, the effects of tRF3‐Thr‐AGT overexpression on cell viability and inflammation in AR42J cells were abrogated by upregulating ZBP1 and NLRP3. Collectively, our data indicated that tRF3‐Thr‐AGT suppressed ZBP1 expressions to restrain NLRP3‐mediated pyroptotic cell death and inflammation in AP models. This study, for the first time, identified the role and potential underlying mechanisms by which tRF3‐Thr‐AGT regulated AP pathogenesis.
A rapid lateral flow assay using immunomagnetic nanoparticles for detecting mango allergen residues in processed foods
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Che , Yin Hsin‐Yi , Lin Ya‐Ting , Liu Hung‐Jen , Tseng Cheng‐Yen , Wen Hsiao‐Wei
Published: October 2021

This study develops a rapid lateral flow assay (LFA) that uses immunomagnetic nanoparticles (IMNPs) to detect mango major allergen (Man i1) in food products. Monoclonal antibodies (2F1 and 21A5) were prepared; mAb‐2F1 was modified on the surface of IMNPs and mAb‐21A5 was immobilized on the test line of the LFA strips. Following optimization, the limit of detection (LOD) of this developed LFA was 6.2 ng/mL for rMan i1 with a linear range of 5–100 ng/mL. The assay also had high specificity in the analysis of nine vegetables and fruits. Furthermore, 22 food products were analyzed by this assay and mango allergens were detected in 13 food products that contained mango. In conclusion, a rapid LFA that uses IMNPs was developed herein for the detection of the major mango allergen Man i1 in processed foods.
Sexual dimorphism in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area and suprachiasmatic nucleus in male and female tree shrews
Authors: Ni Rong‐Jun , Shu Yu‐Mian , Luo Peng‐Hao , Zhou Jiang‐Ning
Published: October 2021

Sex differences in behaviour partly arise from the sexual dimorphism of brain anatomy between males and females. However, the sexual dimorphism of the tree shrew brain is unclear. In the present study, we examined the detailed distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐immunoreactive (VIP‐ir) neurons and fibres in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and VIP‐ir fibres in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of male and female tree shrews. The overall volume of the SCN in male tree shrews was comparable with that in females. However, males showed a significantly higher density of VIP‐ir cells and fibres in the SCN than females. The shape of the VIP‐stained area in coronal sections was arched, elongated or oval in the lateral division (STL) and the anterior part of the medial division (STMA) of the BST and oval or round in the posterior part of the medial division of the BST (STMP). The volume of the VIP‐stained BST in male tree shrews was similar to that in females. The overall distribution of VIP‐ir fibres was similar between the sexes throughout the BST except within the STMA, where darkly stained fibres were observed in males, whereas lightly stained fibres were observed in females. Furthermore, male tree shrews showed a significantly higher intensity of Nissl staining in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and the ventral part of the medial division of the BST than females. These findings are the first to reveal sexual dimorphism in the SCN, BST and MPA of the tree shrew brain, providing neuroanatomical evidence of sexual dimorphism in these regions related to their roles in sex differences in physiology and behaviour.
Prognostic uncertainty in multiple sclerosis: A concept analysis
Authors: Dickerson Kelly Jean
Published: October 2021

Aim

To report an analysis of the concept of prognostic uncertainty in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Background

The complexity and ambiguity involved in a diagnosis of MS lead to the occurrence of prognostic uncertainty among patients. A concept analysis is presented that analyses what prognostic uncertainty means to those experiencing the transition between relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Design

Concept analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched for literature published within the last 10 years using combinations of the terms prognostic and diagnostic uncertainty, and multiple sclerosis along with archival referencing.

Methods

The Walker and Avant method was used to analyse the concept of prognostic uncertainty in patients with MS.

Results

The defining attributes identified that provide additional context to prognostic uncertainty are illness uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty and progressive dwindling. Related, contrary, model and borderline cases are presented to further discuss the application of the key attributes to the concept.

Conclusion

There are limited data on prognostic uncertainty and multiple sclerosis; however, patients and physicians express uncertainty in understanding one's disease trajectory and determining when a patient with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis has entered the secondary progressive multiple sclerosis disease course leading to ineffective communication and frustration.

Relevance to clinical practice

Genetics and genomics have the potential to provide a prognostic factor for addressing the concept of uncertainty as it relates to persons with multiple sclerosis. Moving beyond the concept analysis, a case is made for nurse involvement in genetic and genomic research to conduct trials, translate, and apply these findings to clinical practice and nursing curricula, addressing the uncertainty experienced by those afflicted with chronic illnesses, such as multiple sclerosis.
Can exposure to arguments pro and contra extraversion affect self‐reports of the trait and the attitude toward it?
Authors: Shchebetenko Sergei , Mishkevich Arina M.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Changeability of personality over short‐term intervals has increasingly become a focus of research. However, the role played by argumentation interventions in short‐term variations has scarcely been examined.

Methods

In two experiments (N = 363 and 320), we investigated how processing positive and negative argumentation regarding extraversion (Study 1: watching a lecture; Study 2: elaborating self‐invented arguments) affects self‐reports on this trait and attitude toward it. The experiments included three waves of measurements with argument manipulation (in favor of or against extraversion) immediately prior to Time 2 (Study 2 also included a control group).

Results

Mean‐level changes in extraversion across time moments, measured with the longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis, were consistently negligible. Conversely, there were some indications that argumentation about extraversion could have immediate short‐term effects on attitudes toward this trait. The random‐intercept cross‐lagged model showed that rank‐order consistency stemmed from a trait‐like intercept, which was particularly large for trait extraversion compared with the attitude. The autoregressive and cross‐lagged effects of residual within‐person variation were consistently small and mostly nonsignificant.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that extraversion and the attitude toward it maintained their temporal continuity within 3 months, even under a single exposure to arguments pro and contra this trait.
A general rank‐dependent approach for distributional comparisons
Authors: Palmisano Flaviana , Petrillo Ida
Published: October 2021

This paper provides a normative model for distributional comparisons that can be easily adapted for the evaluation of public policies. This model considers individuals whose well‐being is characterized by a monetary and a nonmonetary dimension. It also accounts for inequality at the top and bottom of the distribution of both dimensions. It derives third‐order inverse stochastic dominance conditions for classes of social welfare functions satisfying: (i) threshold dependent positional transfer (TDPT) sensitivity with respect to the monetary dimension; (ii) TDPT combined with downside inequality aversion with respect to the nonmonetary dimension; (iii) TDPT combined with upside inequality aversion with respect to the nonmonetary dimension. This paper's results emerge along with the existing one supporting downside inequality aversion both with respect to the monetary and nonmonetary dimension, and upside inequality aversion with respect to the monetary dimension.
Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone for chemotherapy naïve B cell multicentric lymphoma in dogs: 32 cases (2017–2021)
Authors: Todd J. , Thomas P. , Nguyen S.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to characterise the response rate and toxicity profile of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone given to dogs with newly diagnosed, chemotherapy naïve, B cell multicentric lymphoma.

Materials and Methods

Dogs with diagnosed with B cell lymphoma naïve to chemotherapy treatment were prospectively identified at the author's institution (2017 to 2021) and given cyclophosphamide as their initial chemotherapeutic agent in combination with prednisolone with owner's consent. Signalment, laboratory findings, stage, treatment response and toxicity were recorded.

Results

Thirty‐two dogs were included in the study. The overall response rate in this population of dogs was 84%. Twenty dogs (62%) had a partial response, three dogs (9%) had a complete response, four dogs (12%) had stable disease and five dogs (15%) had progressive disease. Side effects were noted in 47% of patients, with neutropaenia being the most commonly reported.

Clinical Significance

Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone were well‐tolerated with limited side effects. The response rate observed in this cohort of dogs with chemotherapy‐naïve B cell multicentric lymphoma is promising. Further comparative studies are required to confirm the safety and effectiveness of this intervention.
Dissecting the labdane‐related diterpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters in rice reveals directional cross‐cluster phytotoxicity
Authors: Li Riqing , Zhang Juan , Li Zhaohu , Peters Reuben J. , Yang Bing
Published: October 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop and serves as a model cereal plant. It contains two biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for the production of labdane‐related diterpenoids (LRDs), which serve important roles in combating biotic and abiotic stress. While plant BGCs have been subject to genetic analyses, these analyses have been largely confined to the investigation of single genes.

CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing was used to precisely remove each of these BGCs, as well as simultaneously knock out both BGCs.

Deletion of the BGC from chromosome 2 (c2BGC), which is associated with phytocassane biosynthesis, but not that from chromosome 4 (c4BGC), which is associated with momilactone biosynthesis, led to a lesion mimic phenotype. This phenotype is dependent on two closely related genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) mono‐oxygenases, CYP76M7 and CYP76M8, from the c2BGC. However, rather than being redundant, CYP76M7 has been associated with the production of phytocassanes, whereas CYP76M8 is associated with momilactone biosynthesis. Intriguingly, the lesion mimic phenotype is not present in a line with both BGCs deleted.

These results reveal directional cross‐cluster phytotoxicity, presumably arising from the accumulation of LRD intermediates dependent on the c4BGC in the absence of CYP76M7 and CYP76M8, further highlighting their interdependent evolution and the selective pressures driving BGC assembly.
Strategies and prospects of haploid induction in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Kyum Mohd , Kaur Harjot , Kamboj Akashdeep , Goyal Lakshay , Bhatia Dharminder
Published: October 2021

Being a model crop as well as a staple food crop, rice possesses a conspicuous position in plant sciences. Doubled haploid (DH) breeding in rice offers multiple advantages over conventional methods via accelerating the process of pure lines development. For ages, several methods have been devised for haploid production in rice. In vitro‐based methods have demonstrated their potential in DH production, but these methods are further impeded by stringent requirements and restricted to few species. Further, unlike maize, the in vivo DH breeding technology is still impractical in rice. Recent findings of the key molecular players behind the haploid induction (HI) trait in maize and rice have shown their potential in rice improvement programmes. In this review, we have discussed different strategies of HI in rice particularly focusing on recent progress made for developing haploid inducer stock (HIS) by employing both conventional and modern approaches. It also focuses on future implications of HIS so that it can be incorporated in the pipeline of modernized rice breeding.
Utility of routine patch testing prior to surgical repair of pectus excavatum: A multidisciplinary experience via retrospective review at a single tertiary care center
Authors: Leonard Nicholas , Droms Rebecca , Lal Karan , Wiss Karen , Aidlen Jeremy T. , Silvestri Dianne , Belazarian Leah
Published: October 2021

Background

The Nuss procedure is the only implant procedure in which routine, rather than selective, preoperative patch testing is recommended. This practice has recently been called into question.

Objective

To evaluate an updated experience of pre‐implant patch testing in patients undergoing the Nuss procedure.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of Nuss procedures from 2012 through 2020.

Results

Forty‐five patients were identified for data collection. From 2012 to 2014, none of the 14 patients were patch tested. From 2015 to 2020, 26 of 31 (83.9%) were patch tested. Of those tested, only 2 had a positive patch test. A hypoallergenic titanium bar was inserted in each case. In total, there were zero bar reactions.

Conclusion

The risks of patch testing are extremely small and should be weighed against the serious implications of even one bar allergy when deciding on future guidelines.
Reversible alopecia in En Coup de Sabre morphea
Authors: Zaaroura Hiba , Pope Elena , Laxer Ronald M. , Sibbald Cathryn
Published: October 2021

En coup de sabre form of morphea often affects the scalp with thickening, sclerosis, dyspigmentation, and scarring alopecia. Traditionally, it has been thought that the alopecia is not responsive to treatment and permanent. This report presents two cases with extensive, apparent scarring alopecia that improved with medical treatment.
Anti Regiospecificity in the Photosensitized Cycloaddition of 4‐Tetrazolouracil Nucleoside†
Authors: Peyrane Frédéric , Denhez Clément , Guillaume Dominique , Clivio Pascale
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of natural pyrimidine nucleobases is devoid of regioselectivity. Although modified pyrimidines have been developed to selectively obtain syn‐cyclobutane isomers, the targeted formation of anti‐cyclobutane isomers has not been addressed yet. Herein, using NMR analyses and DFT calculations, we demonstrate that the acetone photosensitized excitation of the 4‐tetrazolouracil motif in the nucleoside series specifically provides anti‐cyclobutane photoproducts in 51% yield. In addition, the cis stereomer formation is preferred over the trans‐cyclobutane formation (71:29).
How Riots Spread Between Cities: Introducing the Police Pathway
Authors: Drury John , Stott Clifford , Ball Roger , Barr Dermot , Bell Linda , Reicher Stephen , Neville Fergus
Published: October 2021

Waves of riots are politically and psychologically significant national events. The role of police perceptions and practices in spreading unrest between cities has been neglected in previous research, even though the police are significant actors in these events. We examined the role of police interventions in the spread of rioting to one English city in August 2011 by triangulating multiple data sources and analyzing police accounts and community‐participant interviews. Rioting in other cities had relatively little direct influence in the community, but it led to heightened vigilance in the police. The resultant police mobilization inadvertently created a large gathering in a local community with a history of hostile relations with police. Police attempts to disperse the crowd affected many more people than those originally intending to riot, leading to collective conflict. These findings support a new theoretical account of the role of policing in riot spread. Complementing existing accounts of diffusion, our study helps explain how self‐fulfilling prophecy can operate to spread conflict between cities.
Win, lose, or draw: Examining salience, reward memory, and depression with the reward positivity
Authors: Hager Nathan M. , Judah Matt R. , Rawls Eric
Published: October 2021

The reward positivity (RewP) is a putative biomarker of depression. Careful control of stimulus properties and manipulation of both stimulus valence and salience could facilitate interpretation of the RewP. RewP interpretation could further be improved by investigating functional outcomes of a blunted RewP in depression, such as reduced memory for rewarding outcomes. This study sought to advance RewP interpretation first by advancing task design through use of neutral (i.e., draw) control trials and counterbalanced feedback stimuli. Second, we examined the RewP’s association with memory and the impact of depression. Undergraduates completed self‐report measures of depression and anhedonia prior to a modified doors task in which words were displayed in colored fonts that indicated win, loss, or draw feedback. Memory of the feedback associated with each word (i.e., source memory) was tested. Results showed that RewP response to wins was more positive than to losses, which was more positive than to draws. The RewP was not associated with depression or anhedonia. The low depression group showed a source memory advantage for win words, but the high depression group did not. Source memory showed small relations to the RewP, but these did not survive Bonferroni correction. Results suggest the RewP is sensitive to salience and highlight challenges in detecting an association between the RewP and depression in modified doors tasks. Findings indicate that depression is related to dysfunctional source memory for reward but not loss and that future research should probe the possible associations between the RewP and memory in depression.
The needs and well‐being of severe asthma and COPD carers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Majellano Eleanor C. , Clark Vanessa L. , Gibson Peter G. , Foster Juliet M. , McDonald Vanessa M.
Published: October 2021

Background and objective

Caring for people with severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can impair the quality of life (QoL) of the carer. We aimed to describe the QoL and needs of severe asthma and COPD carers.

Methods

Carers of severe asthma (n = 89) and COPD (n = 48) completed an online cross‐sectional survey assessing QoL and carer support needs using the Short Form Health Survey 12v2 (SF‐12), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Carers Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) questionnaires.

Results

Carers of people with severe asthma and COPD were similar in age (mean ± SD 57.78 ± 14.09 vs. 56.93 ± 12.91) and gender (65% female vs. 66%); however, they differed in caring duration (proportion caring for >10 years: 65% vs. 33%, p < 0.002). QoL was impaired in both groups, but there were no significant differences between severe asthma and COPD carers in either of the SF‐12 component scores. The HADS scores revealed no difference between groups. Compared to severe asthma carers, COPD carers had significantly greater needs for: ‘having time for self’ (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.006), ‘equipment to help care for relative’ (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.006), ‘practical help in the home’ (35% vs. 18%, p = 0.006) and ‘getting a break from caring overnight’ (21% vs. 6%, p = 0.023).

Conclusion

QoL is impaired in carers of people with severe asthma to a similar degree of COPD carers and other debilitating diseases like cancer. These novel data highlight the support needs of severe asthma carers and identifies areas where tailored support is needed to reduce their substantial carer burden.
Trustworthiness of Statistical Inference
Authors: Hand David J.
Published: October 2021

We examine the role of trustworthiness and trust in statistical inference, arguing that it is the extent of trustworthiness in inferential statistical tools which enables trust in the conclusions. Certain tools, such as the p-value and significance test, have recently come under renewed criticism, with some arguing that they damage trust in statistics. We argue the contrary, beginning from the position that the central role of these methods is to form the basis for trusted conclusions in the face of uncertainty in the data, and noting that it is the misuse and misunderstanding of these tools which damages trustworthiness and hence trust. We go on to argue that recent calls to ban these tools tackle the symptom, not the cause, and themselves risk damaging the capability of science to advance, as well as risking feeding into public suspicion of the discipline of statistics. The consequence could be aggravated mistrust of our discipline and of science more generally. In short, the very proposals could work in quite the contrary direction from that intended. We make some alternative proposals for tackling the misuse and misunderstanding of these methods, and for how trust in our discipline might be promoted.
Two forms of mother–child reciprocity and their links to children's cooperativeness
Authors: Davidov Maayan , Bar‐Tuvia Shirly Menaged , Polacheck‐Benishti Nurit , Grusec Joan E.
Published: October 2021

The present study examined links between mother–child reciprocity and early elementary school children's cooperative behavior, an important marker of adjustment during this age. The study identified two distinct forms of mother–child reciprocity—following the child's lead and sharing the lead—and examined their interplay with maternal perception of the child. Mothers were observed in play interaction with their children (N = 106), and three groups were identified: mothers who followed their child's lead, mothers who shared the lead equally with the child, and mothers who showed neither form of reciprocity. Mothers’ view of their child as relatively non‐compliant or compliant was also assessed, and used in conjunction with reciprocity group to predict children's cooperation (two dependent measures: observed cooperation with the mother and teacher‐reported cooperative behavior at school). Consistent with prediction, children's observed cooperation with maternal requests was greatest when mothers followed the lead of children whom they viewed as relatively non‐compliant, and when mothers shared the lead with children whom they viewed as compliant. Teachers rated children as more cooperative in the classroom when mothers followed their children's lead, regardless of maternal view of child compliance. The results suggest that the two forms of reciprocity, following and sharing, are distinct.
A hierarchical indoor and outdoor model for semantic trajectories
Authors: Noureddine Hassan , Ray Cyril , Claramunt Christophe
Published: October 2021

Real‐time mobile crowd‐sourcing data often available in indoor and outdoor environments offer many opportunities for the analysis of human trajectories. However, this stresses the need for appropriate and flexible data abstractions at the modelling level to represent the spatial, temporal and semantic data embedded in these trajectories. The research developed in this article introduces an indoor and outdoor spatial data model represented as a multi‐layered graph and annotated with crowd‐sourced trajectory data. The novelty of the approach is that it provides a homogeneous and flexible hierarchical indoor and outdoor spatial model that can be associated with crowd‐sourced trajectory data on the fly. A graph‐based model favours a computational implementation that supports graph queries and graph analytics. The experiments applied to crowd‐sourcing data form a real case study that illustrates the performance and robustness of the whole framework.
TiGrid: A raster‐based method for time‐interval information representation with geotagged videos as an example
Authors: Han Zhigang , Kong Yunfeng , Cui Caihui , Wang Jiayao , Li Qian , Chen Xiang
Published: October 2021

Spatiotemporal representation is one of the critical areas receiving ongoing interest in GIScience. The ever‐growing spatiotemporal big data, however, pose considerable challenges to temporal representation as existing methods predominantly use one‐dimensional chronological timeline representations. Aiming to represent the lifespans of spatiotemporal objects, a temporal interval grid (TiGrid) is proposed based on a raster structure in two‐dimensional space. The TiGrid is the lower‐triangular part of a square matrix of order N, in which the column and row represent the start time and end time, respectively. Using the graphical transformation method, the lower‐triangular matrix of the TiGrid is transformed to a rectangle matrix. The cells in a TiGrid can be converted into absolute world time using metadata such as the time resolution and start time. The TiGrid generating algorithm, the temporal topological relations, and the unary or binary operations in a TiGrid are defined. Furthermore, spatiotemporal constraint and snapshot retrieval methods are introduced based on the spatial semantics in the TiGrid. A prototype performed evaluation with the case of geotagged video retrieval. The experimental results show that a TiGrid with spatial indexing can efficiently retrieve mass objects with time‐interval information. The TiGrid has the potential to be a new way for spatiotemporal modeling and geovisualization.
Ex vivo comparison of lateral plate repairs of experimental oblique ilial fractures in cats
Authors: Paulick Lutz , Knell Sebastian C. , Smolders Lucas A. , Pozzi Antonio , Schmierer Philipp A.
Published: October 2021

Objective

To determine the biomechanical behavior of different plate systems used for oblique ilial fracture fixation in cats.

Study design

Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample population

Fifty fresh‐frozen feline hemipelvises.

Methods

Standardized simple oblique ilial fractures were created and fixed via lateral plating, using different implant systems (10 fractures in each group) The systems were: (1) the Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS‐5); (2) the Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS‐6.5); (3) the Locking Compression Plate 2.0 (LCP); (4) the FIXIN 1.9‐2.5 Series (FIXIN), and (5) the Dynamic Compression Plate 2.0 (DCP). Stepwise sinusoidal cyclic loading was applied until failure (10‐mm displacement). The groups were compared with regard to construct stiffness and the number of cycles withstood before 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐mm displacement.

Results

Bending stiffness was lower in ALPS‐5 than in other specimens (P < .05). The ALPS‐6.5 specimens withstood more cycles (P < .05) before 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐mm displacement than the ALPS‐5 and DCP specimens . The LCP and FIXIN specimens endured more cycles than DCP specimens before displaying 5‐ and 10‐mm displacement (P < .05). The ALPS‐6.5, FIXIN, and LCP specimens endured higher loads before failure than the DCP specimens (P < .05). Screw loosening occurred in all nonlocking specimens, and bone slicing occurred in all locking specimens.

Conclusion

The DCP and ALPS‐5 constructs are less resistant to cyclic loading. Failure in nonlocking specimens involved screw loosening. It involved bone slicing in locking specimens.

Clinical significance

Both the plate size and the plate–screw interface are key to lateral plating success in cases of feline ilial fractures. The use of locking plates reduces the risk of the screw loosening in such cases.