bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Malaysian Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa, durian, rubber and oil palm determines the threat of bud rot disease
Authors: Mohamed Azni Intan Nur Ainni , Sundram Shamala , Ramachandran Vasagi
Published: September 2019

The epidemic of bud rot disease affecting oil palm in Colombia is primarily caused by Phytophthora palmivora. The pathogen has a cosmopolitan presence that includes Southeast Asia, but to date, bud rot has not been reported in this region. This study provides an overview of the potential risk of Malaysian P. palmivora isolates cross‐infecting other host species, including cocoa, durian, rubber and Malaysian oil palm planting materials (Dura × Pisifera, D × P). On cocoa pods, the durian isolate PP7 caused dark brown necrotic lesions. Detached leaf bioassays showed that P. palmivora isolates PP3 and PP7 infected different hosts, except rubber foliage without wounding. Inoculation tests on cocoa, durian and rubber seedlings caused brown necrotic lesions when stems were wounded, with 10% mortality in cocoa and durian at 17 days post‐inoculation (dpi). However, no further infection was observed, and lesions closed within 14–28 dpi on the non‐wounded seedlings. Pathogenicity tests of oil palm seedlings inoculated with isolates PP3 and PP7 indicated that Malaysian P. palmivora isolates were not pathogenic to oil palms based on localized infection observed only through wounding. Overall, the work demonstrated that Malaysian P. palmivora isolates were able to cross‐infect multiple hosts but did not show severe infections on oil palms.
Niche breadth and species richness: Correlation strength, scale and mechanisms
Authors: Granot Itai , Belmaker Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Aim

It is often assumed that species in richer sites are more specialized, but empirical studies show conflicting results. In the present study, we quantify the correlation between community‐level niche breadth and richness. We contrast three mechanisms for gradients in niche breadth: climate, community assembly and nested interactions. First, the climatic stability within the tropics enables species to specialize, resulting in high richness. Under this scenario, we predict stronger richness–niche breadth correlations over larger latitudinal extents and when using environmental niche breadth measures (e.g., habitat). Second, in species‐rich areas, biotic interactions drive species to specialize. This may yield richness–niche breadth correlations regardless of the latitudinal extent and the type of niche breadth measure examined, whether environmental or functional (e.g., diet). Third, increased richness intensifies interactions between extreme specialists and generalists. Here, we predict stronger richness–niche breadth correlations when using functional niche breadth measures.

Location

Global.

Time period

1973–2018.

Major taxa studied

Many taxa.

Methods

We conducted a meta‐analysis, with the effect size estimated as the correlation between richness and community‐averaged niche breadth extracted from each study. We also examined how these correlations depend on the niche breadth measure used (environmental or functional), scale (grain and latitudinal extent), ecosystem and taxa.

Results

We found a strong negative correlation between richness and niche breadth, and overall, a non‐significant correlation between latitude and niche breadth. The richness–niche breadth correlation was independent of the niche breadth measure used (environmental or functional). Scale, ecosystem and taxa had little effect on the strength of the correlation.

Main conclusions

We confirm that species in richer sites, but not necessarily in the tropics, are more specialized. This finding is not dependent on scale or on the type of niche breadth measure used. These results suggest that high richness drives community‐level specialization, and thus community assembly is likely to be the major driver of niche breadth rather than climatic gradients shaping both niche breadth and richness.
Patient‐centred care in haemophilia: Patient perspectives on visualization and participation in decision‐making
Authors: van Balen Erna C. , Krawczyk Marian , Gue Deborah , Jackson Shannon , Gouw Samantha C. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Sawatzky Richard
Published: September 2019

Introduction and Aim

The British Columbia Adult Haemophilia Team recently adopted a patient‐centred care approach. The team presented visual information on an individual's pharmacokinetic profile and bleed history and encouraged patients to participate in treatment decisions. This qualitative study explored how this approach changed patients’ understanding of haemophilia and how it facilitated them to make treatment decisions.

Methods

We interviewed 18 males with mild, moderate or severe haemophilia, using a convenience sample from the adult haemophilia clinic at St. Paul's hospital in Vancouver, Canada. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using descriptive content analysis.

Results

Most participants reported that reviewing visual information with the Clinic Team helped them in their communication with their care providers during their annual review clinic appointment. Despite this improved communication, for some the most important feature of their treatment was that they had switched from on‐demand treatment to prophylactic treatment in recent years and were able to prevent bleeds. Almost half of the participants reported that the visual information presented increased their understanding of haemophilia and the pharmacokinetics of coagulation factor. Three patients improved their treatment adherence or had changed their prophylaxis schedules based on this. Most participants felt that they were involved in decision‐making about their treatment schedule, which they appreciated. On the other hand, two participants thought the Clinic Team should make these decisions.

Conclusion

Participants perceived the patient‐centred prophylaxis approach helpful because it enhanced communication with the Clinic Team, increased their understanding of haemophilia and pharmacokinetics of coagulation factor and facilitated treatment decisions.
Design and synthesis of foam glasses from recycled materials
Authors: Fernandes Hugo R. , Gaddam Anuraag , Tulyaganov Dilshat U. , Ferreira José M. F.
Published: September 2019

Recycling has emerged as an environmental key point due to the diminishing of natural resources and the generation of ever‐increasing amounts of industrial solid wastes. Glass wastes are among the materials that attract great interest in the recycling concept. This work presents the results of foams production from four series of compositions. The first series comprises powders of a sodium‐calcium‐silicate sheet glass cullet as the main component, an alkali‐earth aluminosilicate glass as an additive, and a reagent grade silicon carbide (SiC) powder as gassing agent. In the second series, the glass cullet was used in combination with fly ashes (FLA) as main components, while SiC waste from abrasive paper served as foaming agent. In the third and fourth series, carbonates (calcite and dolomite) were used for foaming powder mixtures composed of sheet glass cullet and FLA, and powdered cathode ray tube panel glasses, respectively. All the processing parameters, including the main components, the nature and content of foaming agents are shown to play a crucial role on the foaming ability and final properties of the glass foams.
Silencing of the DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1) gene in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis implies a role of the DNA methyltransferase 1‐DMAP1 complex in female fecundity
Authors: Gegner J. , Gegner T. , Vogel H. , Vilcinskas A.
Published: September 2019

The invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a textbook example of polymorphism and polyphenism as the temperature during egg development determines the frequency of melanic morphs and the number and size of black spots in nonmelanic morphs. Recent concepts in evolutionary biology suggest that epigenetic mechanisms can translate environmental stimuli into heritable phenotypic changes. To investigate whether epigenetic mechanisms influence the penetrance and expressivity of colour morphs in H. axyridis, we used RNA interference to silence key enzymes required for DNA methylation and histone modification. We found that neither of these epigenetic mechanisms affected the frequency of different morphs, but there was a significant impact on life‐history traits such as longevity and fecundity. Strikingly, we found that silencing the gene encoding for DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1) severely reduced female fecundity, which correlated with an abundance of degenerated ovaries in DMAP1‐knockdown female beetles. Finally, we observed significant differences in DMAP1 expression when we compared native and invasive H. axyridis populations with a biocontrol strain differing in egg‐laying capacity, suggesting that the DNA methyltransferase 1‐DMAP1 complex may influence the invasive performance of this ladybird.
Autologous fibroblasts for the treatment of cutaneous loxoscelism: First experience
Authors: Guglielmetti Antonio , Jahr Catalina , Gompertz‐Mattar Matías
Published: September 2019

Several treatments have been described for cutaneous loxoscelism (CL), but the quality of available evidence is insufficient for the elaboration of a therapeutic consensus. Dapsone has shown beneficial effects on stopping the inflammatory phenomenon and accelerating the recovery. It is recommended to start dapsone once the visceral involvement is ruled out if glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase levels are normal. Autologous fibroblast (AF) therapy is a novel therapy that has been successfully used in bioengineering as skin substitutes for surgical wounds and burns, diabetic and pressure ulcers, and other aesthetic purposes. Interestingly, there are no reports of AFs in CL. We present a case of CL in which the necrotic process was stabilised with dapsone, but the healing of the ulcer was not achieved. Three weekly applications of AFs 100 000/cm2 were performed on a biocompatible polymer matrix, with optimal response within 2 months. This represents the first report of AFs in CL, setting the stage for future studies.
Supply Chain Plasticity: Redesigning Supply Chains to Meet Major Environmental Change
Authors: Zinn Walter , Goldsby Thomas J.
Published: September 2019

Supply chain plasticity refers to the capability of rapidly making major changes to a supply chain in order to accommodate significant shifts in the business environment. We call for research in supply chain plasticity, as the need to adapt to environmental change has never been greater. Further, a distinction between supply chain plasticity and flexibility is provided. We also introduce the articles appearing in this issue of the Journal of Business Logistics, including three papers dedicated to the Special Topic Forum titled “Sustainable Supply Chains in a Digital Inter‐connected World.”
Reply to: Availability of Evidence‐Based Community Falls Prevention Programs: Considerations
Authors: Atanelov Levan
Published: September 2019

This letter comments on the letter by Tripken et al.
Diachronic metamorphic and structural evolution of the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé trough, Northern Appalachians
Authors: Perrot Morgann , Tremblay Alain , Ruffet Gilles , Labrousse Loic , Gervais Félix , Caroir Fabien
Published: September 2019

The Connecticut Valley–Gaspé (CVG) trough represents a major, orogen‐scale Silurian–Devonian basin of the Northern Appalachians. From Gaspé Peninsula to southern New England, the CVG trough has experienced a contrasting metamorphic and structural evolution during the Acadian orogeny. Along its strike, the CVG trough is characterized by increasing strain and polyphase structures, and by variations in the intensity of regional metamorphism and contrasting abundance of c. 390–370 Ma granitic intrusions. In southern Quebec and northern Vermont, a series of NW–SE transects across the CVG trough have been studied in order to better understand these along‐strike variations. Detailed structural analyses, combined with phase equilibria modelling, Raman spectrometry, and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar dating highlight a progressive and incremental deformation involving south–north variation in the timing of metamorphism. Deformation evolves from a D1 crustal thickening event which originates in Vermont and progresses to southern Québec where it peaked at 0.6 GPa/380°C at c. 375 Ma. This was followed by a D2 event associated with continuous burial in Vermont from 378 to 355 Ma, which produced peak metamorphic conditions of 0.85 GPa/380°C and exhumation in Quebec from 368 to 360 Ma. The D3 compressional exhumation event also evolved from south to north from 345 to 335 Ma. D1 to D3 deformation events form part of a continuum with an along‐strike propagation rate of ~50 km/Ma During D1, the burial depth varied by more than 15 km between southern Quebec and Vermont, and this can be attributed to the occurrence of a major crustal indenter, the Bronson Hill Arc massif, in the New England segment of the Acadian collision zone.
Oral anticancer therapy project: Clinical utility of a specific home care nursing programme on behalf of Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)
Authors: Cirillo Massimo , Carlucci Luciano , Legramandi Lorenzo , Baldini Editta , Sacco Cosimo , Zagonel Vittorina , Leo Silvana , Di Fabio Francesca , Tonini Giuseppe , Meacci Maria Luisa , Tartarone Alfredo , Farci Daniele , Tortora Giampaolo , Zaninelli Marta , Valori Vanna Maria , Cinieri Saverio , Carrozza Francesco , Barbato Enrico , Fabbroni Valentina , Cretella Elisabetta , Gamucci Teresa , Lunardi Gianluigi , Zamboni Sonia , Micallo Giovanni , Cascinu Stefano , Pinto Carmine , Gori Stefania
Published: September 2019

Aims and objectives

To assess the effectiveness of a specific home care nursing programme in addition to standard care in patients (pts) receiving oral anticancer treatments.

Background

Oral anticancer therapy present challenges for pts since treatment is a home‐based therapy. This study evaluates the potentiality of a home care nursing programme in decreasing hospital accesses for not severe toxicity.

Methods

This is an open‐label, multicentre, randomised trial including pts who were receiving an anticancer oral drug. The study complies with the CONSORT checklist published in 2010. Concomitant use of radiation therapy, intravenous or metronomic therapies, or the intake of previous oral drugs was not allowed. Pts were randomly assigned to home care nursing programme (A) or standard care (B). In arm A, dedicated nurses provided information to pts, a daily record on which pts would take note of drugs and dosages and a telephone monitoring during the first two cycles of therapy. The primary outcome was the reduction in improper hospital accesses for grade 1–2 toxicity according to CTCAE v4.0.

Results

Out of 432 randomised pts, 378 were analysed (184 pts in arm A and 194 in arm B). Hospital accesses were observed in 41 pts in arm A and in 42 pts in arm B (22.3% vs. 21.6%, respectively). No difference was detected in proportion of improper accesses between arm A and arm B (29.3% vs. 23.8%, respectively).

Conclusions

Our experience failed to support the role of a specific home care nursing programme for pts taking oral chemotherapy. An improved attention to specific educational practice and information offered to pts can explain these results.

Relevance to clinical practice

Our results underline the role of nurse educational practice and information offered to patients. A careful nurse information of patients about drugs is essential to reduce toxicities avoiding the opportunity of a specific home monitoring.
Contemporary views on dementia as witchcraft in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Ojo Omorogieva
Published: September 2019

Aim

To explore the impact of cultural beliefs of dementia as witchcraft in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Background

The population of sub‐Saharan Africa is ageing, which increases the number of those at risk of dementia. Mental health and physical diseases that affect behaviour have often been associated with witchcraft. Accusations of witchcraft leave individuals vulnerable and at risk.

Method

A systematic review, which followed the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and completed a PRISMA checklist. CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched for relevant studies published from their inception to 31 May 2019 by applying appropriate Medical Subject Headings. Data analysis adhered to Thomas and Harding's thematic synthesis.

Results

The review identified limited literature on this topic, with only five papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies explored health provision, and knowledge and beliefs of dementia in Tanzania and South Africa. Three themes emerged as follows: (a) poor knowledge of dementia, including the belief of dementia as witchcraft; (b) challenges of supporting a family member with dementia in the community; and (c) health‐seeking behaviours of and for people with dementia.

Conclusion

There remains a need for dementia awareness and education across sub‐Saharan Africa communities, including faith and traditional healers, and healthcare professionals to support pluralistic healthcare provision. Nurses are the best‐placed healthcare professionals to support these initiatives and the development and implementation of low‐resource nonpharmacological interventions to support people with dementia and their families living in the community.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses working in sub‐Saharan Africa and those caring for patients from sub‐Saharan Africa can only provide person‐centred care and support for a person with dementia and their family if they understand their cultural beliefs, one of which may include witchcraft.
The experiences of older adults with a diagnosed functional mental illness, their carers and healthcare professionals in relation to mental health service delivery: An integrative review
Authors: Wells Julia , Kennedy Catriona , Bain Heather , Lee Siew Hwa
Published: September 2019

Aims and objectives

To analyse the experiences of older people with a diagnosed functional mental illness and their carers in relation to mental health service delivery and analyse the experiences of health and social care professionals who care for and treat older people who have a diagnosed functional mental illness.

Background

The prevalence of functional mental illness in older adults is notable but to date has received less research attention than dementia. Older adults with functional mental illness have life expectancy of up to 20 years less than the rest of the population. Therefore, the experiences of older adults with functional mental illness, their carers and healthcare professionals, in relation to mental health services, need further exploration.

Design

Integrative literature review.

Methods

A five‐stage process was informed by Whittemore and Knafl. MeSH was used. Keyword searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE and AMED were conducted between January 2000–October 2017. Titles were screened, and data were extracted manually and analysed using narrative synthesis. The PRISMA checklist was used.

Results

A total of 342 articles were deemed potentially relevant to this review. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 28 articles were included. The literature presented an overarching theme “determinants influencing older people with functional mental illness use of services.” The overarching theme is supported by two main themes: inevitable consequences of ageing and variations of the availability of healthcare services for older people with functional mental illness.

Conclusion

Several determinants influence use of services by older people with functional mental illness. Older people with functional mental illness often perceived they did not have a mental health need. Within the literature, there was little acknowledgement of the experiences of older people with functional mental illness regarding their support needs.

Relevance to clinical practice

This integrative review has highlighted that some older people with functional mental illness do not seek mental health support because they believe that functional mental illness is an inevitable consequence of ageing; this is mirrored at times by healthcare professionals and carers. In addition to this finding, different views prevail regarding the impact that ageless and age‐defined mental health service delivery models have on the needs of older people with functional mental illness. Further research is required to understand these findings.
Using healthcare failure mode and effect analysis as a method of vaginal birth after caesarean section management
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhu Wei , Le Shiguan , Wu Wenxian , Huang Qun , Cheng Weiwei
Published: September 2019

Aims and objectives

This research was conducted to explore the effectiveness of employing the healthcare failure mode and effect analysis method in the management of trial of labour after caesarean, with the aims of increasing vaginal birth after caesarean section rate and reducing potential risks that might cause severe complications.

Background

Previously high caesarean section rate in China and the “two children” policy leads to the situation where multiparas are faced with the choice of another caesarean or trial of labour after caesarean. Despite evidences showing the benefits of vaginal birth after caesarean, obstetricians and midwives in China tend to be conservative due to limited experience and insufficient clinical routines. Thus, its management needs further optimisation in order to make the practice safe and sound.

Design

A prospective quality improvement programme using the healthcare failure mode and effect analysis.

Methods

With the structured methodology of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis, we determined core processes of antepartum and intrapartum management, conducted risk priority numbers and devised remedial protocols for failure modes with high risks. The programme was then implemented as a clinical routine under the agreement of the institutional review board and vaginal birth after caesarean success rates were compared before and after the quality improvement programme, both descriptively and statistically. Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0 checklist was chosen on reporting the study process.

Results

Seventy failure modes in seven core processes were identified in the management process, with 14 redressed for actions. The 1‐year follow‐up trial of labour after caesarean and vaginal birth after caesarean rate was increased compared with the previous 3 years, with a vaginal birth after caesarean rate of 86.36%, whereas the incidence of uterine rupture was not compromised.

Conclusions

The application of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis can not only promote trial of labour after caesarean and vaginal birth after caesarean rate, but also maintaining a low risk of uterine rupture.

Relevance to clinical practice

This modified vaginal birth after caesarean management protocol has been shown effective in increasing its successful rate, which can be continued for further comparison of severe complications to the previous practice.
Efficacy of striae gravidarum extension and localization on predicting intraperitoneal adhesion risk
Authors: Kan Ozgur , Gorkem Umit , Alkilic Aysegul , Cetin Mustafa
Published: September 2019

Aim

To evaluate the diagnostic value of striae gravidarum (SG) presence and localization in predicting the intraperitoneal adhesion (IPA) risk in pregnant women with a history of at least one previous cesarean delivery (CD).

Methods

A total of 100 pregnant women with repeated CD were included in this prospective observational study. Patients were divided into three groups according to severity of SG with Davey scoring system. Intraoperative adhesion severity and extension were evaluated by using Nair classification system. Moreover, operation duration and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Demographic features were comparable between the groups. Adhesion scores were significantly higher in mild and severe SG groups (for mild SG: 1.93 ± 0.99, for severe SG: 2.81 ± 0.88 and for no SG: 1.4 ± 0.57; P < 0.001). Analysis revealed a positive correlation between IPA and severity of SG (P < 0.001). There was a correlation between increased striae density and adhesion severity especially in the right and left upper quadrants of the abdomen (for right quadrant: r = 0.515, P < 0.001; for left quadrant: r = 0.359, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that preoperative evaluation of SG severity and extend particularly in upper quadrants is a feasible option to predict IPA risk in patients with repeated CD.
Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese
Authors: Zhai Shuangshuang , Li Miaomiao , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Xiufen , Ye Hui , Lin Zhenping , Wang Wence , Zhu Yongwen , Yang Lin
Published: September 2019

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one‐factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21‐day‐old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non‐supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.
The molecular machinery of translational control in malaria parasites
Authors: Bennink Sandra , Pradel Gabriele
Published: September 2019

Translational control regulates the levels of protein synthesized from its transcript and is key for the rapid adjustment of gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. The regulation of translation is of special importance for malaria parasites, which pass through a complex life cycle that includes various replication phases in the different organs of the human and mosquito hosts and a sexual reproduction phase in the mosquito midgut. In particular, the quiescent transmission stages rely on translational control to rapidly adapt to the new environment, once they switch over from the human to the mosquito and vice versa. Three control mechanisms are currently proposed in Plasmodium, (1) global regulation that acts on the translation initiation complex; (2) mRNA‐specific regulation, involving cis control elements, mRNA‐binding proteins and translational repressors; and (3) induced mRNA decay by the Ccr4‐Not and the RNA exosome complex. The main molecules controlling translation are highly conserved in malaria parasites and an increasing number of studies shed light on the interwoven pathways leading to the up or downregulation of protein synthesis in the diverse plasmodial stages. We here highlight recent findings on translational control during life cycle progression of Plasmodium and discuss the molecules involved in regulating protein synthesis.
Lesions of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Concomitant with Rotator Cuff Tears: Tenotomy or Subpectoral Mini‐open Tenodesis? A Comparative Short to Mid‐term Follow‐up Study
Authors: Fang Jing‐hua , Dai Xue‐song , Yu Xin‐ning , Luo Jian‐yang , Liu Xiao‐nan , Zhang Miao‐feng , Zhu Su‐nan
Published: September 2019

Objective

To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent rotator cuff repair (RCR) concomitant with long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tenotomy or subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis.

Methods

Prospectively collected data was reviewed on 154 patients, who underwent a LHBT procedure (tenotomy or tenodesis) concomitant with RCR between January 2010 and January 2017. The exclusion criteria were irreparable massive rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff partial tear, subscapular tendon tear, glenohumeral arthritis, and prior shoulder surgery. The two patient groups are as follows: RCR + Tenotomy (Group A) and RCR + Subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis (Group B). The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Constant Score scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores preoperatively and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year postoperatively and the latest out‐patient clinic were compared between the two groups.

Results

Ninety‐two patients in Group A and 62 patients in Group B completed the follow‐up, with a median follow‐up time of 27 and 42 months respectively. At the final follow‐up, the VAS, Constant, ASES, and DASH scores in Group A were 0.1 ± 0.2, 87.0 ± 12.8, 96.4 ± 4.3 and 6.6 ± 4.8 respectively, and the VAS, Constant, ASES, and DASH scores in Group B were 0.1 ± 0.3, 92.5 ± 3.9, 96.3 ± 3.6 and 2.9 ± 1.3 respectively. Clinical evaluation scales showed satisfactory results in both groups, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at the same follow‐up time. Popeye sign was detected in one case of Group A (1.1%) and in one case of Group B (1.6%, P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both tenotomy and subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis are effective for concomitant lesions of the LHBT in patients with reparable rotator cuff tears, and subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis of the LHBT does not provide any significant clinical or functional improvement than isolated tenotomy.
Project Evaluation and Selection with Task Failures
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Hall Nicholas G. , Liu Zhixin
Published: September 2019

We consider a company that schedules the tasks of its projects to maximize their expected net present value (ENPV) when tasks may fail. The failure of any task terminates the project immediately. We show that for projects with certain decreasing failure rates, the ENPV optimization problem can be solved using a linear program. The main focus of our work is on how constant task failure rates contribute to decreasing project risk as tasks are completed. Under constant task failure rate, earlier completion of a task improves its probability of success and the risk profile of the project. However, it may also accelerate costs, which worsen discounted cash flow. We show the equivalence of cash flow discount rate and failure rate. Further, if task failures are independent, then the failure rates are additive. We develop a model that (a) recognizes the reduction in project risk when a task is completed, (b) implements this risk reduction into the ENPV calculation, and (c) permits optimization of the ENPV through sequencing and timing decisions for the tasks. We design an algorithm to solve the problem optimally. This enables us to validate the contributions of our work using two computational studies. The first study demonstrates a significant increase in maximum project ENPV from improved project scheduling. The second study demonstrates a significant increase in total project portfolio value as a result of better informed project selection. Our work motivates companies to develop more precise information about the failure risks of their project tasks.
Tomato brown rugose fruit disease: current distribution, knowledge and future prospects
Authors: Oladokun J. O. , Halabi M. H. , Barua P. , Nath P. D.
Published: September 2019

Tomato is the most economically important fruit/vegetable crop grown worldwide. However, viral diseases remain an important factor limiting its productivity, with estimated quantitative and qualitative yield losses in tomato crops often reaching up to 100%. Many viruses infecting tomato have been reported, while new viral diseases have also emerged. The climatic changes the world is experiencing can be a contributing factor to the successful spread of newly emerging viruses, as well as the establishment of disease in areas that were previously either unfavourable or where the disease was absent. Because antiviral products are not available, strategies to mitigate viral diseases rely on genetic resistance/tolerance to infection, control of vectors, improvement in crop hygiene, roguing of infected plants and seed certification. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging viral threat to tomato productivity and is currently spreading into new areas, which is of great concern to the growing global production in the absence of mitigation measures. This review presents the current knowledge about ToBRFV and future prospects for an improved understanding of the virus, which will be needed to support effective control and mitigation of the impact it is likely to cause.
The Type of Student You Were in High School Predicts Voter Turnout in Adulthood
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron C. , Dawes Christopher T.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Research on political socialization has shown that political and civic experiences during high school can impact later political engagement. However, political scientists are increasingly realizing that nonpolitical experiences, dispositions, and attributes in childhood and adolescence can play a role in shaping political participation. Building on recent studies in developmental psychology, we examine whether and how student characteristics and behaviors in adolescence are related to political engagement in adulthood.

Methods

Using data from the Project Talent study, a national longitudinal study of a representative sample of high school students in the United States, we find that several behaviors and attributes related to one's high school experience have long‐term effects on voter turnout.

Results

Responsible students and those with high levels of interest in school are more likely than their counterparts to vote when they reach adulthood.

Conclusion

The effects of the school‐related measures we examine (1) persist for more than a decade after high school ends, (2) are similar in magnitude to the effects of classic predictors of political engagement such as parental political activism, and (3) hold even in the presence of controls for general personality traits, cognitive ability, resources such as parental socioeconomic status, socialization experiences, and demographic variables. Our results have implications for how to increase political participation.
Clinical, hematologic, hemostatic, and serum biochemical findings related to survival in Arabian horses with colic
Authors: Nikvand Ali Abbas , Jalali Seyedeh Missagh , Ghadrdan Mashhadi Alireza , Razi Jalali Mohammad , Hassanpour Amirabadi Soroush
Published: September 2019

Background

The efficacy of clinical examinations, and hematologic, hemostatic, and serum biochemical assessments to determine appropriate early medical or surgical therapy in Arabian horses with colic have not been well‐described.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate clinical and hematologic findings, coagulation‐fibrinolytic parameters, and organ dysfunction markers in association with survival in horses with colic.

Methods

Seventeen Arabian horses with colic and ten healthy horses were enrolled. After clinical examinations, including heart rates (HRs), capillary refill times (CRTs), abdominal sounds, rectal palpations, and nasogastric (NG) reflux assessments in both healthy and diseased horses, blood samples were collected and hematologic parameters, coagulation indices such as the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasmad‐dimer (PDD), platelet count, fibrinogen, and hepatorenal biomarkers were measured. Based on the outcomes, horses with colic were divided into survival (10) and nonsurvival (7) groups, and all mentioned parameters were compared with the control group horses.

Results

Unlike HRs, CRTs, and abdominal sounds, rectal palpations (57.1%) and NG reflux (28.6%) findings were least sensitive in being able to determine survival. At least three of the five coagulation indices were significantly abnormal (prolonged PT, increased PDD, and decreased plasma fibrinogen) in 71.4% of the horses in the nonsurvival group compared with the control and survival groups. Significantly increased urea, creatinine, and bilirubin levels, and AST activities were also observed in the survival group compared with the control and nonsurvival groups.

Conclusions

The combination of prolonged PT, increased PDD, and hypofibrinogenemia could be a reliable predictor of survival in horses with colic. The significant renal and hepatic dysfunctions in nonsurviving horses with colic appeared to be consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and a grave prognosis.
Route planning methods for a modular warehouse system
Authors: Dayıoğlu Elif G. , Karagül Kenan , Şahin Yusuf , Kay Michael G.
Published: September 2019

In this study, procedures are presented that can be used to determine the routes of the packages transported within a modular storage system. The problem is a variant of robot motion planning problem.  The structures of the procedures are developed in three steps for the simultaneous movement of multiple unit-sized packages in a modular warehouse.  The proposed heuristic methods consist of route planning, tagging, and main control components. In order to demonstrate the solution performance of the methods, various experiments were conducted with different data sets and the solution times and qualities of the proposed methods were compared with previous studies. It was found that the proposed methods provide better solutions when taking the number of steps and solution time into consideration.
Investigation of the Wall Scalar Fluctuations Effect on Passive Scalar Turbulent Fields at Several Prandtl Numbers by Means of Direct Numerical Simulations
Authors: Chaouat Bruno , Peyret Christophe
Published: September 2019

We investigate the effect of the wall-scalar fluctuations on passive scalar turbulent fields for a moderate Reynolds number Rτ = 395 and for several Prandtl numbers ranging from the very low value Pr = 0.01 to the high value Pr = 10 by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) simulations. Several cases of plane channel flows are considered. Case I is a channel flow heated on both walls with a constant imposed heat flux qw. We consider for this case two different types of boundary conditions. For the first one, the isoscalar boundary condition θw = 0 is imposed at the wall implying that its fluctuation and therefore its rms scalar fluctuations θrms=⟨θ′θ′⟩ is zero at the wall whereas in the second type, θw is not prescribed to a fixed value so that it is fluctuating in time at the wall leading to nonzero rms fluctuations. In this latter case, as the heat flux is maintained constant in time at the wall, the fluctuating heat flux q′w reduces to zero at the wall. For illustration purpose, in addition to case I, we also consider case II, which is a plane channel heated only from one wall but cooled from the other one at the same rate taking into account of the freestream scalar boundary condition at the wall θ′w≠0 with q′w=0. The distributions of the mean scalar field, root-mean-square fluctuations, turbulent heat flux, correlation coefficient, turbulent Prandtl number, and Nusselt number are examined in detail. Moreover, some insights into the flow structure of the scalar fields are provided. As a result of interest, it is found that the mean scalar field ⟨θ⟩ is not affected by the scalar fluctuations at the wall. But owing to the different boundary conditions applied at the wall, significant differences in the evolution of the rms scalar fluctuations θrms are observed in the immediate vicinity of the wall. Surprisingly, the maximum rms intensity remains almost unchanged in the near wall region whatever the type of boundary condition is applied at the wall. In addition, the turbulent heat fluxes that play a major role in heat transfer are found to be independent of the wall scalar fluctuations. This study demonstrates that the impact of the wall scalar fluctuations is appreciable mainly in the near wall region. This outcome must be taken into account when simulating industrial flows with thermal boundary conditions involving different fluid/solid combinations.
The Interface Behavior of Multiple Piezoelectric Films Attaching to a Finite-Thickness Gradient Substrate
Authors: Chen Peijian , Chen Shaohua , Liu Hao , Peng Juan , Gao Feng
Published: September 2019

The interface behavior of multiple piezoelectric films attaching to a gradient substrate under the action of electromechanical coupling is studied. The effect of neighboring films on the interface response is mainly concerned, including the interface stress, the stress intensity factors near both ends of piezoelectric films and the normal stress of films. In order to solve such a boundary value problem, Fourier transformation is used to achieve governing integro-differential equations, which could further demonstrate the interface behavior. The results show that, in comparison with the single-film model, both the interface stress and the normal stress of films are significantly affected by adjacent piezoelectric films. When the equivalent stiffness of the substrate or the distance between neighboring piezoelectric films becomes larger, the interaction between adjacent piezoelectric films gradually weakens. In addition, both shorter piezoelectric films and softer or thicker intermediate adhesive layers are beneficial to the interface property. The results should be helpful for the accurate measurement of surface sensors and the arrangement of multipoint health detection of gradient structures.
Thermodynamics of Benford's first digit law
Authors: Lemons Don S.
Published: September 2019

According to Benford's first digit law, the frequency of appearance of the first digit d taken from various sets of data is log(1+(1/d)) where d = 1, 2,…9. I present a thermodynamic derivation of this law that follows from the unbiased partitioning of a conserved quantity whose pieces may fragment and combine.
Porosity production in weathered rock: Where volumetric strain dominates over chemical mass loss
Authors: Hayes Jorden L. , Riebe Clifford S. , Holbrook W. Steven , Flinchum Brady A. , Hartsough Peter C.
Published: September 2019

Subsurface porosity production is dominated by volumetric strain in deeply weathered granitic saprolite of the Sierra Nevada.
Multiplexed analysis of the secretin-like GPCR-RAMP interactome
Authors: Lorenzen Emily , Dodig-Crnković Tea , Kotliar Ilana B. , Pin Elisa , Ceraudo Emilie , Vaughan Roger D. , Uhlèn Mathias , Huber Thomas , Schwenk Jochen M. , Sakmar Thomas P.
Published: September 2019

We used a multiplexed suspension bead array immunoassay to map GPCR-receptor activity–modifying protein (RAMP) complexes.
Structural basis of sterol recognition by human hedgehog receptor PTCH1
Authors: Qi Chao , Di Minin Giulio , Vercellino Irene , Wutz Anton , Korkhov Volodymyr M.
Published: September 2019

Cryo-EM structure of PTCH1-ShhN
C24II
complex reveals multiple sterol binding sites and a possible sterol translocation pathway.
An extraterrestrial trigger for the mid-Ordovician ice age: Dust from the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body
Authors: Schmitz Birger , Farley Kenneth A. , Goderis Steven , Heck Philipp R. , Bergström Stig M. , Boschi Samuele , Claeys Philippe , Debaille Vinciane , Dronov Andrei , van Ginneken Matthias , Harper David A.T. , Iqbal Faisal , Friberg Johan , Liao Shiyong , Martin Ellinor , Meier Matthias M. M. , Peucker-Ehrenbrink Bernhard , Soens Bastien , Wieler Rainer , Terfelt Fredrik
Published: September 2019

The disruption of a 150-km large asteroid filled the inner solar system with dust that cooled Earth and caused faunal turnovers.
Tuna robotics: A high-frequency experimental platform exploring the performance space of swimming fishes
Authors: Zhu J. , White C. , Wainwright D. K. , Di Santo V. , Lauder G. V. , Bart-Smith H.
Published: September 2019

The Tunabot, a tuna-like experimental robotic platform, provides insights into the dynamics of high-performance aquatic locomotion.
Antimalarial pantothenamide metabolites target acetyl–coenzyme A biosynthesis in
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Schalkwijk Joost , Allman Erik L. , Jansen Patrick A. M. , de Vries Laura E. , Verhoef Julie M. J. , Jackowski Suzanne , Botman Peter N. M. , Beuckens-Schortinghuis Christien A. , Koolen Karin M. J. , Bolscher Judith M. , Vos Martijn W. , Miller Karen , Reeves Stacy A. , Pett Helmi , Trevitt Graham , Wittlin Sergio , Scheurer Christian , Sax Sibylle , Fischli Christoph , Angulo-Barturen Iñigo , Jiménez-Diaz Mariá Belén , Josling Gabrielle , Kooij Taco W. A. , Bonnert Roger , Campo Brice , Blaauw Richard H. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Sauerwein Robert W. , Llinás Manuel , Hermkens Pedro H. H. , Dechering Koen J.
Published: September 2019

Pantothenamides form antimetabolites that interfere with acetyl-CoA metabolism in the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum.
Adipose tissue–derived WNT5A regulates vascular redox signaling in obesity via USP17/RAC1-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases
Authors: Akoumianakis Ioannis , Sanna Fabio , Margaritis Marios , Badi Ileana , Akawi Nadia , Herdman Laura , Coutinho Patricia , Fagan Harry , Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Thomas Sheena , Chiu Amy P. , Chuaiphichai Surawee , Kotanidis Christos P. , Christodoulides Constantinos , Petrou Mario , Krasopoulos George , Sayeed Rana , Lv Lei , Hale Ashley , Naeimi Kararoudi Meisam , McNeill Eileen , Douglas Gillian , George Sarah , Tousoulis Dimitris , Channon Keith M. , Antoniades Charalambos
Published: September 2019

Adipose-secreted WNT5A triggers vascular disease in obesity, activating vascular smooth muscle cell migration by an NADPH oxidase–dependent mechanism.
Development of combination therapies to maximize the impact of KRAS-G12C inhibitors in lung cancer
Authors: Molina-Arcas Miriam , Moore Christopher , Rana Sareena , van Maldegem Febe , Mugarza Edurne , Romero-Clavijo Pablo , Herbert Eleanor , Horswell Stuart , Li Lian-Sheng , Janes Matthew R. , Hancock David C. , Downward Julian
Published: September 2019

Combined targeting of KRAS-G12C, mTOR, and IGF1R enhances and extends the response to recently developed KRAS-G12C inhibitors in lung cancer models.