bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Tables S1-S24 from Integrative Analysis of a Large Real-World Cohort of Small Cell Lung Cancer Identifies Distinct Genetic Subtypes and Insights into Histologic Transformation
Authors: Sivakumar Smruthy , Moore Jay A. , Montesion Meagan , Sharaf Radwa , Lin Douglas I. , Colón Caterina I. , Fleishmann Zoe , Ebot Ericka M. , Newberg Justin Y. , Mills Jennifer M. , Hegde Priti S. , Pan Quintin , Dowlati Afshin , Frampton Garrett M. , Sage Julien , Lovly Christine M.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S1: First-, second-, and third-line systemic therapy in the SCLC clinical cohort.
Supplementary Table S2: Genes analyzed as part of this study.
Supplementary Table S3: Prevalence of alterations in the genes analyzed.
Supplementary Table S4: Prevalence of gene alterations in 81 cases with liquid biopsies.
Supplementary Table S5: Chromosomal losses and gains in SCLC.
Supplementary Table S6: TET2 loss of function alterations detected in SCLCs.
Supplementary Table S7: Manual review of specific mutation subgroups in SCLCs.
Supplementary Table S8: Patterns of gene alterations in SMARCA4 altered and wild-type tumors.
Supplementary Table S9: Prevalence of gene alterations in rearrangement-positive SCLCs.
Supplementary Table S10: Univariate analysis of association between gene alterations and overall surival in the clinical cohort of stage III/IV SCLC tumors.
Supplementary Table S11: Patterns of tumor mutational burden based on site of biopsy.
Supplementary Table 12: Summary of tumor purity and tumor mutational burden by biopsy site.
Supplementary Table S13: Aneuploidy patterns based on site of biopsy.
Supplementary Table S14: Comparison of gene alterations in each biopsy site against lung biopsies.
Supplementary Table S15: Comparison of gene alterations in liver and brain metastases.
Supplementary Table S16: Summary of PTEN alterations in brain and other biopsy sites.
Supplementary Table S17: Patterns of co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity between gene alterations in the overall SCLC cohort.
Supplementary Table S18: Patterns of gene alterations in TP53 and/or RB1 mutant and wild-type cohorts.
Supplementary Table S19: Patterns of gene alterations in young and older patients with SCLC.
Supplementary Table S20: Patterns of gene alterations in HPV positive and HPV negative tumors.
Supplementary Table S21: Manual review of specific HPV+ SCLCs.
Supplementary Table S22: Patterns of gene alterations in STK11 mutant and wild-type cohorts.
Supplementary Table S23: Patterns of gene alterations in EGFR mutant and wild-type cohorts.
Supplementary Table S24: EGFR kinase domain alterations identified in the overall SCLC cohort.
HER2Δ16 Engages ENPP1 to Promote an Immune-Cold Microenvironment in Breast Cancer
Authors: Attalla Sherif Samer , Boucher Jonathan , Proud Hailey , Taifour Tarek , Zuo Dongmei , Sanguin-Gendreau Virginie , Ling Chen , Johnson Gabriella , Li Vincent , Luo Robin B. , Kuasne Hellen , Papavasiliou Vasilios , Walsh Logan A. , Barok Mark , Joensuu Heikki , Park Morag , Roux Philippe P. , Muller William J.
Published: June 2023

The tumor–immune microenvironment (TIME) is a critical determinant of therapeutic response. However, the mechanisms regulating its modulation are not fully understood. HER2Δ16, an oncogenic splice variant of the HER2, has been implicated in breast cancer and other tumor types as a driver of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of HER2Δ16-mediated oncogenicity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HER2∆16 expression is not exclusive to the clinically HER2+ subtype and associates with a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. To understand how HER2 variants modulated the tumor microenvironment, we generated transgenic mouse models expressing either proto-oncogenic HER2 or HER2Δ16 in the mammary epithelium. We found that HER2∆16 tumors were immune cold, characterized by low immune infiltrate and an altered cytokine profile. Using an epithelial cell surface proteomic approach, we identified ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) as a functional regulator of the immune cold microenvironment. We generated a knock-in model of HER2Δ16 under the endogenous promoter to understand the role of Enpp1 in aggressive HER2+ breast cancer. Knockdown of Enpp1 in HER2Δ16-derived tumor cells resulted in decreased tumor growth, which correlated with increased T-cell infiltration. These findings suggest that HER2Δ16-dependent Enpp1 activation associates with aggressive HER2+ breast cancer through its immune modulatory function. Our study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HER2Δ16-mediated oncogenicity and highlights ENPP1 as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive HER2+ breast cancer.
β-Catenin Drives Butyrophilin-like Molecule Loss and γδ T-cell Exclusion in Colon Cancer
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyasu , Kilbey Anna , Casa-Rodríguez Nuria , Lawlor Amy , Georgakopoulou Anastasia , Hayman Hannah , Yin Swe Kyi Lai , Nordin Anna , Cantù Claudio , Vantourout Pierre , Ridgway Rachel A. , Byrne Ryan M. , Chen Lei , Verzi Michael P. , Gay David M. , Gil Vázquez Ester , Belnoue-Davis Hayley L. , Gilroy Kathryn , Køstner Anne Helene , Kersten Christian , Thuwajit Chanitra , Andersen Ditte K. , Wiesheu Robert , Jandke Anett , Blyth Karen , Roseweir Antonia K. , Leedham Simon J. , Dunne Philip D. , Edwards Joanne , Hayday Adrian , Sansom Owen J. , Coffelt Seth B.
Published: June 2023

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing γδ T-cell receptors (γδTCR) play key roles in elimination of colon cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which progressing cancer cells evade immunosurveillance by these innate T cells are unknown. Here, we investigated how loss of the Apc tumor suppressor in gut tissue could enable nascent cancer cells to escape immunosurveillance by cytotoxic γδIELs. In contrast with healthy intestinal or colonic tissue, we found that γδIELs were largely absent from the microenvironment of both mouse and human tumors, and that butyrophilin-like (BTNL) molecules, which can critically regulate γδIEL through direct γδTCR interactions, were also downregulated in tumors. We then demonstrated that β-catenin activation through loss of Apc rapidly suppressed expression of the mRNA encoding the HNF4A and HNF4G transcription factors, preventing their binding to promoter regions of Btnl genes. Reexpression of BTNL1 and BTNL6 in cancer cells increased γδIEL survival and activation in coculture assays but failed to augment their cancer-killing ability in vitro or their recruitment to orthotopic tumors. However, inhibition of β-catenin signaling via genetic deletion of Bcl9/Bcl9L in either Apc-deficient or mutant β-catenin mouse models restored Hnf4a, Hnf4g, and Btnl gene expression and γδ T-cell infiltration into tumors. These observations highlight an immune-evasion mechanism specific to WNT-driven colon cancer cells that disrupts γδIEL immunosurveillance and furthers cancer progression.
Fig. S11 from Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Profiling Defines Three Immune Subtypes of NSCLC with Distinct Signaling Pathways and Genetic Alterations
Authors: Aoki Kazunori , Nishito Yukari , Motoi Noriko , Arai Yasuhito , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Sonobe Yukiko , Kayukawa Yoko , Hashimoto Eri , Takahashi Mina , Fujii Etsuko , Nishizawa Takashi , Fukuda Hironori , Ohashi Kana , Arai Kosuke , Mizoguchi Yukihiro , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Yamashita Makiko , Kitano Shigehisa , Sakamoto Hiromi , Nagata Yuki , Mitsumori Risa , Ozaki Kouichi , Niida Shumpei , Kanai Yae , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Maruyama Toru , Tsukada Keisuke , Yabuki Nami , Shimada Mei , Kitazawa Takehisa , Natori Osamu , Sawada Noriaki , Kato Atsuhiko , Yoshida Teruhiko , Yasuda Kazuki , Mizuno Hideaki , Tsunoda Hiroyuki , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: June 2023

Percentage of PD-1+ CD8 T+ and PD-L1+ CD8 T+ cells in respective immune subtypes. (a, b) Data were presented as a percentage of PD-1+ cells (a) and PD-L1+ cells (b) per indicated CD8+ T cell subset in LUAD and LUSQ. % naïve CD8; percentage of PD-1+ or PD-L1+ naïve CD8+ T cell subset per total of naïve CD8+ T cells. % CM CD8; percentage of PD-1+ or PD-L1+ CM CD8+ T cell subset per total of CM CD8+ T cells. % EM CD8; percentage of PD-1+ or PD-L1+ EM CD8+ T cell subset per total of EM CD8+ T cells. % EMRA CD8; percentage of PD-1+ or PD-L1+ EMRA CD8+ T cell subset per total of EMRA CD8+ T cells. ns; not significant. * p<0.05. **P<0.01.
Fig. S10 from Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Profiling Defines Three Immune Subtypes of NSCLC with Distinct Signaling Pathways and Genetic Alterations
Authors: Aoki Kazunori , Nishito Yukari , Motoi Noriko , Arai Yasuhito , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Sonobe Yukiko , Kayukawa Yoko , Hashimoto Eri , Takahashi Mina , Fujii Etsuko , Nishizawa Takashi , Fukuda Hironori , Ohashi Kana , Arai Kosuke , Mizoguchi Yukihiro , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Yamashita Makiko , Kitano Shigehisa , Sakamoto Hiromi , Nagata Yuki , Mitsumori Risa , Ozaki Kouichi , Niida Shumpei , Kanai Yae , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Maruyama Toru , Tsukada Keisuke , Yabuki Nami , Shimada Mei , Kitazawa Takehisa , Natori Osamu , Sawada Noriaki , Kato Atsuhiko , Yoshida Teruhiko , Yasuda Kazuki , Mizuno Hideaki , Tsunoda Hiroyuki , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: June 2023

Characterization of histopathological factors in respective immune subtypes of LUAD, LUSQ, and background NAT tissues. Ly: lymphatic vessel invasion, v: vascular invasion, pl; pleural invasion, pm: pulmonary metastasis, pT: tumor size, N: lymph node metastasis, M: distant metastasis. In NATs, fibrosis and frequencies of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages were assessed. The percentage of each classification in immune subtype was plotted in LUAD (a) and LUSQ (b) with NAT. The number of patients is specified in each column.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Dubai Health Authority Health Care Workers toward the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Alhajaj Khawla Eissa , Moonesar Immanuel Azaad , Al Suwaidi Shatha M , Al Mazrouei Kulaithem Saif , Al Shaibany Hamidah Saleh , Alshafar Afra ahmad
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Vaccine attitude can change disease progress, facilitate herald immunity among the community, and stop disease progression. According to the available data, there is no current curative treatment against the virus. The only way to stop the spread of infection is to develop the vaccine and accelerate the vaccine, as shown previously with the influenza pandemic. Objective: The study’s main goal was to investigate health care workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Dubai Health Authdority (DHA), United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: In April 2021, an anonymous cross-sectional comparative study measured the willingness and hesitancy to take the COVID-19 vaccine among health care providers in the primary health care sector at DHA. Results: In terms of COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, there was widespread agreement on the significance of the vaccine in preventing the transmission of illness (91.6%) and on the vaccine’s value for the public and community (95.6%). Furthermore, based on health care providers’ opinions, most individuals agreed to promote the COVID-19 vaccination in patients, family, and friends (92.7%), with just 6.9% doubtful. In actuality, 72.1 percent of those who got the vaccination received two doses, while 27.9% received just one dosage. In terms of vaccine type, Pfizer (72.7%), Sinopharm (23.8%), and AstraZeneca (3.6%) were the available vaccines during the study period. Discussion: The majority of participants agreed that the vaccine is essential for health care providers and the community (more than 90%), and they were willing to recommend it to their families (92.7%). They also agreed that the vaccine is necessary to prevent the spread of the disease (91 percent), boosting vaccine confidence. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine was widely accepted by Dubai’s health care workers. Several factors were identified as significant determinants of vaccine acceptance. UAE health care authorities can use the study’s findings to develop public health policies and implement campaigns to address concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine and other emerging infectious diseases.
Correlation between Glycated Hemoglobin Levels and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Dubai Health Authority
Authors: Al Razooqi Hind , AlNajjar Bashayer , AlShamsi Ebrahim , Ibrahim Kaltham , Sharief Wadeia , Khansaheb Hamda , Zidan Marwan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not only one of the fastest-growing health problems in the world but also a burden that is reaching to epidemic proportion worldwide. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) significantly impact the outcome of self-management in patients with diabetes, yet the association between KAP of type 2 diabetes and the combined control of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level to date remains uncertain due to lack in the number of studies. This study aimed to find the correlation between the KAP of type 2 diabetes and HbA1c levels in patients attending primary health care centers (PHCs) in Dubai. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by a face-to-face questionnaire in patients with type 2 diabetes who visited PHCs in Dubai. We included ten PHCs. Participants were 292 females and males aged 18 years and above. The revised Michigan diabetes KAP scales on type 2 DM patients was used to assess the KAP. Results: The mean knowledge percent score of type 2 diabetic patients was 75.6%. Yet there is no evidence that it correlates with HbA1c levels. The correlation coefficient between the knowledge score and HbA1c is 0.032 (95% CI [−0.096 to 0.159], p value = 0.628). Factors that affected HbA1c levels were the level of education, marital status, and duration of diabetes (p value: 0.029, 0.003, and 0.006, respectively). For the level of education, the illiterate group had the highest HbA1c (median: 7.5 [5.6–14]), while the University group had the lowest HbA1c (median: 6.75 [4.8–12.8]). Also, widowed participants had the highest HbA1c (median: 7.5 [6.5–14]), while married participants had the lowest HbA1c (median: 6.9 [4.8–12.8]). Finally, participants with a duration of diabetes more than 20 years had the highest HbA1c (median: 7.8 [5.8–14]), and those who had a duration of diabetes for 6–10 years (median: 6.9 [5.1–13.1]) and those with a duration of diabetes 1–5 years (median: 6.9 [5.3–12.8]) had the lowest HbA1c. Conclusion: Although the study shows that type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health centers in Dubai had relatively adequate scores in knowledge, this could be further improved by implementing continuous awareness programs of type 2 DM to improve their understanding, compliance, and management, thereby reducing the severity of disease.
Variable Outcomes of Hepatitis E Infections in Patients with Hemato-Oncologic Diseases
Authors: Ingwersen Viktoria , Hofmann Jörg , Muche Marion , Le Coutre Philipp , Schneider Thomas , Leng Corinna , Burmeister Thomas , Maschmeyer Georg , Keller Ulrich , Schwartz Stefan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents an important cause of viral hepatitis and could cause chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. However, data about immunocompromised patients other than solid organ transplant recipients are limited. Methods: We identified patients from a laboratory database and retrospectively compiled and analyzed clinical as well as laboratory data in detail. Results: Overall, 22 severely immunosuppressed patients, excluding solid organ transplant recipients, were identified. Four patients did not experience viral clearance (one without and three despite ribavirin therapy). Three patients acquired the infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and recovered spontaneously, whereas another patient, infected prior to alloHSCT, developed a chronic infection. Four patients failed to clear HEV, resulting in fatal liver failure in 2 patients. The CD4+ cell counts increased in all but 1 patient attaining a sustained virological response (SVR), as compared to patients with clinical failure. Severe immunoglobulin deficiency did not appear to obviate the control of HEV. Six of ten (60%) patients with and nine of 12 (75%) patients without ribavirin therapy achieved an SVR. Conclusions: Upfront ribavirin therapy does not appear mandatory in patients without CD4+ lymphopenia, but a prolonged HEV replication carries the risk of liver failure. Our data suggest that chronic HEV infections could cause T-cell exhaustion, which might be overruled with ribavirin therapy.
Arte e política: o artivismo como linguagem e ação transformadora do mundo?
Authors: Raposo Paulo
Published: June 2023

Num presente descrito como de crise e incerteza, diferentes pessoas e grupos se questionam e buscam respostas sobre como habitar um mundo que se desfaz nas mãos do extrativismo, do produtivismo, do progresso e da insatisfação consumista. Propõem-se horizontes alternativos a esta necropolítica global em que se estabeleçam novos encontros e formas de estar-com-outros. E, neste ínterim, a arte é assumida como um dispositivoconcreto “para adiar o fim do mundo”, para a vida e para outros mundos possíveis. Que ideia de futuro impulsiona projetos e performances artísticas, coletivas ou em solilóquios? Que novos significados nas práticas artísticas contemporâneas ligam pessoas e mundos, criam ecologias eambientes para intervenções e formulam desejos na formação de novas comunidades políticas? Como a política, a arte é uma questão de vida ou de morte, mas talvez por argumentos opostos. Poderá a arte mudar o destino, enquanto estética da confrontação?
Notes for Wavelength
Authors: Snow Michael
Published: June 2023

Notes and diagrams made by the great experimental filmmaker as he devised his revolutionary WAVELENGTH (1967).
Air Conditioner, or Revolutionary Cinema without a
Future
Authors: Hamblin Sarah
Published: June 2023

This essay is an effort to imagine new modes of revolutionary cinema in the age of the Capitalocene. Starting from the premise that the environmental volatility of this new epoch forces us to fundamentally reconsider the basic tenets of the revolutionary imagination, the essay asks what radical transformation looks like when we abandon earlier modes of resistance and visions of the future that are wedded to anthropocentric fantasies of humanity's sovereignty over nature and the promises of petromodernity. To begin answering this question, the text takes up the lo-fi Angolan Africanfuturist film Air Conditioner (Fradique 2020). Set in Luanda, Angola, where air-conditioning units across the city suddenly begin failing and falling from windows, the film dramatizes the problems of technological collapse combined with a rapidly warming climate. Resigning the legacies of colonialism and the nation's protracted conflict between communist and capitalist forces to the decaying infrastructural backdrop of the film, Air Conditioner is instead concerned with the new modes of solidarity and ideas of futurity that emerge from within these conditions of catastrophe. The film's incidental references to socialism, combined with its meandering narrative and languid pace, render it quite different in form and tone from the revolutionary anti-colonial cinemas of independence. Thus, against earlier images of revolution as a sudden rupture that harnesses the twin powers of industrialization and human agency, Air Conditioner roots itself in slowness, imagining revolution as a process of withdrawal based on the wearing out of life.
Talking to Our Citizens: National Health Organizations (Mis) communications in the United Kingdom and United States During the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Polat Eileen , Gordley-Smith Ava , Hackett Paul M.W.
Published: June 2023

In this article, we discuss the ways in which the United Kingdom and the United States communicate health information to their respective citizens. While this article is not limited to the study of COVID-19 health communications, we look at the institutions that were tasked with communication responsibilities regarding the COVID-19 virus in the United States and United Kingdom. To highlight the possible repercussions on the general public of each nation, we present a review of the institutions of communication as a gateway for discussion and an opportunity to unveil discrepancies and inequitable forms of communication. These institutions are the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health in the United States, and the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. We consider the language and vocabulary used within these organizations’ mission statements, privacy policies, digital channels and platforms, regulations for advice and feedback from federal agents as well the general public, and accessibility. We use an intersectional lens to explore the nuanced and multifarious impacts of communication praxis and aim to discuss how these have led to limitations of passive and comprehensive communication influences in both nations and their relation to health infrastructure. By understanding the constraints of health infrastructure on the current disenfranchised citizens in both the United States and United Kingdom, we can register the adverse behavioral imprint on individuals as a result and finally call for further research into the impact of reconstructive governmental health communications.
Curated Misinformation: Liking Facebook Pages for Fake News Sites
Authors: Haenschen Katherine , Shu Mia X. , Gilliland Jacob A.
Published: June 2023

Facebook was a major conduit to fake news exposure during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. This article explores factors that predict liking pages for “fake news” websites on the Facebook platform. Leveraging paired survey and digital trace data from 806 American Facebook users, we determine that 18.4% of subjects liked at least one page for a website that published fake news. A substantial share of fake news page likes (23.9%) came from lifestyle sites that also published misinformation. Regression analyses determine that age, male sex, Trump support, and political participation are associated with liking fake news pages. A network analysis based on audience overlap finds three page clusters of fake news content—two right-leaning and one left-leaning—that also contain a majority of political and news pages. Results add nuance to our understanding of fake news by illustrating the role of non-political sources in providing potential exposure to misinformation on Facebook.
The Evolution of Line Managers during Agile Transformation: From Missionaries To Priests
Authors: Annosi Maria Carmela , Lanzolla Gianvito
Published: June 2023

Based on an in-depth analysis of a successful large-scale agile transformation, this article sheds light on the evolving role of line managers during the transformation. At the beginning of the transformation, line managers act like “missionaries” and leverage influencing mechanisms in their attempts to foster the adoption of agile values. At maturity, the role of line managers evolves into a role similar to “priests” where discipline mechanisms are enacted to maintain and sustain the newly adopted agile values. The social contracts and the organizational conditions that underpin such evolution have implications for selecting suitable line managers.
Legitimation of earnings inequality between regular and non-regular workers: A comparison of Japan, South Korea, and the United States
Authors: Arita Shin , Nagayoshi Kikuko , Taki Hirofumi , Kanbayashi Hiroshi , Takenoshita Hirohisa , Yoshida Takashi
Published: June 2023

This study explores functions of labor market institutions in perpetuating earnings gap between different categories of workers with focusing on people’s views of earnings gap between regular and non-regular workers in Japan, South Korea, and the United States. An original cross-national factorial survey was conducted to measure the extent to which respondents admit earnings gap among workers with different characteristics. We found that Japanese and South Korean respondents tended to justify the earnings gap between regular and non-regular workers. In Japan, non-regular-worker respondents accepted the wide earnings gap against their economic interests, which was explained by assumed difference in responsibilities and on-the-job training opportunities. Specific institutional arrangements contribute to legitimating earnings gap between different categories of workers by attaching status value to the categories.
Certification of Visual Impairment due to Diabetic Eye Disease in Northern Ireland From 2014 to 2019
Authors: Cushley Laura Nicole , Peto Tunde , McCann Roseleen , Moutray Tanya , Virgili Gianni , Jackson A. Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To determine the number of people being certified as either severely sight impaired or sight impaired due to diabetic eye disease (DED) in Northern Ireland (NI). Methods: Sight impairment data have been collected for the 6-year period of 2014–2019, these data included age, gender, certification status, visual acuity, and type of eye disease. All data were entered into an Excel database and analyzed using Stata to ascertain the number of total certifications and diabetic eye disease certifications per year. Results: The number of total certifications in NI increased year on year as has the number of diabetic eye disease certifications. The number of diabetic eye disease certifications rose from 12.6 per million in 2014 to 17.4 per million in 2019, with a peak of 27 per million in 2018. There were more males than females registered due to diabetic eye disease. Diabetic eye disease's proportional representation of total certifications of visual impairment remained relatively stable during the 6-year period. Conclusions: In the 6-year period, the overall number of certifications has increased from 2014 to 2019, as have the number of certifications due to DED. This may be attributed to the improvement of certification and diabetic eye care pathways. People with diabetes who are certified are more likely to be younger and male. More research with medical data needs to be conducted in the future.
Time to go: Paths of term limit resilience in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cassani Andrea , Tomini Luca
Published: June 2023

Although term limit violation is a widely examined form of autocratisation in sub-Saharan Africa, this research focuses on the relatively understudied but increasingly frequent cases in which term limits prove resilient. We distinguish two forms of term limit resilience, namely, compliance and enforcement, and we offer the first regional-level study of its determinants using qualitative comparative analysis. We find democracy – that is, the factor that is often considered the strongest predictor of term limit resilience – to be decisive when term limits are threatened or likely to be threatened. However, other mechanisms resulting from the interplay of factors that can be present in both democratic and non-democratic regimes stand out for their explanatory power – most notably, path dependence, regime legacies and opposition. Conversely, factors such as the international promotion of democracy and military autonomy appear to play a secondary role, at least from a comparative viewpoint.
Emerging Opportunities for Battery Swapping in the Electric Two-Wheeler Segment in India
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Singh Anshika
Published: June 2023

With greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mobility being inextricably linked, the Indian government has introduced a slew of policies to decarbonize transportation and transition toward electric mobility. Though electric vehicle penetration is currently at a nascent stage, India offers the world’s largest untapped market, especially in the two-wheeler (2W) segment. However, high upfront purchase costs, scarcity of charging-enabled parking spaces, and longer charging times have been the major challenges in accelerating electric two-wheeler (e-2W) adoption in India. Addressing these issues, battery swapping is an alternative fast refueling option that eliminates wait time for charging, makes better use of land, and promises increased available run time. This paper analyzes the status of e-2W adoption, their total cost of ownership (TCO), and the growth trajectory of e-2Ws in three different scenarios of sales penetration to estimate the battery capacity requirements for battery swapping by 2030. The TCO analysis suggests that e-2Ws are more economical for commercial than private usage because of their higher daily utilization; however, battery swapping makes e-2Ws economical even for private usage. By 2030, the cumulative number of e-2Ws is estimated to increase from 17.4 million with a 20% sales penetration of e-2Ws (pessimistic scenario) to 54.4 million with an 80% sales penetration (optimistic scenario). Noting the additional battery pack requirements for the battery-swapping option, India is estimated to require a staggering figure of 133–291 GWh, 75–162 GWh, and 42–91 GWh of battery capacities under the optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic sales scenarios respectively.
Drivers’ Dilemma at High-Speed Unsignalized Intersections
Authors: Bhatt Khushbu , Gore Ninad , Shah Jiten , Arkatkar Shriniwas
Published: June 2023

At unsignalized intersections, drivers typically reject smaller gaps and accept larger gaps in traffic. However, drivers experience a dilemma or confusion over a wide range of gaps, since incorrect decisions by them can lead to crashes. The present study quantifies the drivers’ dilemma at high-speed unsignalized intersections. Traffic data on gap size (temporal and spatial), driver’s decision (acceptance or rejection), the waiting time of the offending vehicle, the offending and conflicting vehicle types, and the speed of the conflicting vehicle are extracted from recorded video. The decisions by drivers to accept or reject gaps are modeled as a function of the gap size, the waiting time of the offending vehicle, and the speed of the conflicting vehicle using binary logit regression. The results reveal that the probability of rejection decreases as the gap size and waiting time of the subject vehicle increases. On the contrary, as the speed of the conflicting vehicle increases, the probability of rejection increases. The length and location of the dilemma zone were investigated using vehicle type, right-turning movement, and the speed of the conflicting vehicle, and a significant effect was noted. Moreover, the length and location of the dilemma zone are analytically quantified based on drivers’ compliance with a driver assistance system (DAS). The length of the dilemma decreases as the proportion of drivers’ compliance with the DAS increases. Further, the location of the dilemma zone shifts upstream of the intersection with an increase in drivers’ compliance with the DAS.
Development of Anatomic Risk Factors for ACL Injuries: A Comparison Between ACL-Injured Knees and Matched Controls
Authors: Pradhan Pratik , Kaushal Shankar G. , Kocher Mininder S. , Kiapour Ata M.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Several tibiofemoral anatomic features have been repeatedly associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Previous studies have highlighted age and sex differences among these anatomic risk factors, but little is known about the normal and pathologic development of these differences during skeletal maturation.

Purpose:

To investigate differences in anatomic risk factors at various stages of skeletal maturation between ACL-injured knees and matched controls.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

After institutional review board approval, magnetic resonance imaging scans from 213 unique ACL-injured knees (age, 7-18 years, 48% female) and 239 unique asymptomatic ACL-intact knees (age, 7-18 years, 50% female) were used to measure femoral notch width, posterior slope of the lateral and medial tibial plateau, medial and lateral tibial spinal height (MTSH, LTSH), medial tibial depth, and posterior lateral meniscus-bone angle. Linear regression was performed to assess change in quantified anatomic indices with age for male and female patients in the ACL-injured cohort. Two-way analysis of variance with Holm-Sidak post hoc testing was performed to compare anatomic indices between ACL-injured knees and ACL-intact controls in each age group.

Results:

In the ACL-injured cohort, notch width, notch width index and medial tibial depth increased with age ( R2 > 0.1; P < .001) in both sexes. MTSH and LTSH increased with age only in boys ( R2≥ 0.09; P≤ .001), whereas meniscus-bone angle decreased with age only in girls ( R2 = 0.13; P < .001). There were no other age differences in quantified anatomic indices. Patients with ACL injury consistently had a significantly higher lateral tibial slope ( P < .01) and smaller LTSH ( P < .001) as compared with ACL-intact controls across all age groups and sexes. When compared with age- and sex-matched ACL-intact controls, ACL-injured knees had a smaller notch width (boys, 7-18 years; girls, 7-14 years; P < .05), larger medial tibial slope (boys and girls, 15-18 years; P < .01), smaller MTSH (boys, 7-14 years; girls, 11-14 years; P < .05), and larger meniscus-bone angle (girls, 7-10 years; P = .050).

Conclusion:

The consistent morphologic differences throughout skeletal growth and maturation suggest a developmental role in high-risk knee morphology. The observed high-risk knee morphology at an earlier age preliminarily suggests the potential of knee anatomy measurements in identifying those with a predisposition toward ACL injury.
How White Workers Navigate Racial Difference in the Workplace: Social-Emotional Processes and the Role of Workplace Racial Composition
Authors: Nelson Jennifer L. , Johnson Tiffany D.
Published: June 2023

Research on racialized emotions and racialized organizations has begun to inform how we understand social interactions in the workplace and their implications for racial inequality. However, most research to date focuses on the experiences and coping strategies of racial minority workers, especially when confronted with instances of racial prejudice and discrimination. We extend research on racialized emotions in the workplace by mapping the stages of belonging/unbelonging white workers go through when they encounter instances of racial discomfort or perceived prejudice in the workplace. This is an important contribution to the study of race and work because existing research suggests the deleterious effects for people of color when white people experience negative emotions such as threat, fear, and anxiety in interracial encounters. Drawing on interview data with 56 white teachers in a metropolitan area in the U.S. Southeast, we document a process of racialized belonging. This is a process whereby white workers experienced varying degrees of surprise, confusion, frustration, and fear resulting from interracial—and some intraracial—experiences with coworkers as well as students. We note how the process is informed by racialized imprinting prior to workplace entry and followed by racialized emotions and racialized coping. Racial composition of the workplace also played a role, though the process looked similar across contexts. We argue that by accounting for white workers’ prior life experiences as well as organizations’ involvement in accommodating their emotional expectations, the way white workers behave when race becomes salient to them can be better understood and addressed.
Normal Wasn’t Good: A Collaborative Autoethnography of the Intersectional Experiences of Academic Women of Color Mothering During the Dual Pandemics
Authors: Valdovinos Miriam Georgina , Walton Quenette L. , Oyewuwo Olubunmi Basirat
Published: June 2023

Research has shown that women within academia, particularly mothers, continue to endure challenges in their workplaces. For Women of Color (WOC) who are mothers, these demands are exacerbated when there are expectations to take on additional responsibilities related to antiracist practices. This article centers on the experiences of three WOC who are tenure-earning mothers in academia during two ongoing pandemics: COVID-19 and racial injustice. Informed by intersectionality and ecological theory, the following research question is addressed: What were the experiences of WOC who are mothers working in academia during the dual pandemics? A collaborative autoethnography was used to interpret the perspectives, assumptions, and subjectivity of multiple experiences to expand the understanding of this social phenomenon. The authors responded to journal prompts about defining moments during the dual pandemics as tenure-earning mothers of color. Four themes emerged: normal was not good, shifts are necessary, the personal is political, and moments of joy. Recommendations are provided for policies and strategies that social work programs can implement to support tenure-earning women of color who are mothers. Centering our experiences as a site of inquiry opens possibilities of what critical social work and critical feminisms can be in the future.
Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Scale in Older Adults Post-Hip Fracture
Authors: Seong Hohyun , Resnick Barbara , Holmes Sarah , Galik Elizabeth , Breman Rachel B. , Fortinsky Richard H. , Zhu Shijun
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the modified 25-item Resilience Scale (RS-25) in older adults post-hip fracture using Rasch analysis. Methods: This was a descriptive study using baseline data from the Seventh Baltimore Hip Studies (BHS-7). There were 339 hip fracture patients included in this analysis. Results: Findings suggest there was support for reliability of the measure based on person and item separation index. The INFIT and OUTFIT statistics for testing validity were all in the acceptable range indicating that each item on the modified RS-25 fits the appropriate concept. There was no evidence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) between genders. Conclusions: This study demonstrated evidence that the modified RS-25 is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate resilience among older adults post-hip fracture and therefore can be used in this population in clinical practice and research.
The Effectiveness of Liposome-Encapsulated Bupivacaine Compared to Standard Bupivacaine for Anesthesia of the Maxilla in Dogs
Authors: Bartholomew Kyle , Smith Lesley J.
Published: June 2023

Medical and surgical procedures involving the canine maxilla can be painful both during and for several hours post-procedure. The length of this pain may exceed the predicted duration of standard bupivacaine or lidocaine. The goal of this study was to determine the duration and efficacy of sensory blockade of the maxilla produced by liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine (LB), compared to standard bupivacaine (B) or saline (0.9% NaCl) (S), when administered as a modified maxillary nerve block in dogs. Eight maxillae were studied bilaterally from 4 healthy dogs of the same breed and similar age. This prospective, randomized, crossover, blinded study evaluated a modified maxillary nerve block using 1.3% LB at 0.1 mL/kg, 0.5% B, or S at an equivalent volume. An electronic von Frey aesthesiometer (VFA) was used to evaluate mechanical nociceptive thresholds at 4 locations on each hemimaxilla at baseline and at specific intervals up to 72-h post-treatment. Both B and LB treatments resulted in significantly higher VFA thresholds when compared to S. Dogs that received B had VFA thresholds significantly higher than S for 5 to 6 h. Dogs that received LB had thresholds significantly higher than S for 6 to 12 h depending on the site of measurement. No complications were observed. Maxillary nerve block with B provided up to 6 h, and LB 12 h, of sensory blockade depending on the site tested.
A Comparative Analysis of Management Education Quality of Public- and Private-funded Technology-enabled Learning Platforms in India
Authors: Dhouchak Priyadeep , Kumar Naresh
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to evaluate and compare the quality of management education programmes provided by private- and public-funded technology-enabled learning (TEL) platforms in India. The exploratory-descriptive research approach with a cross-sectional design was adopted to observe 1,318 learners from management education programmes operated by TEL platforms. The research instrument statements were based on the parameters of the COBTEL model. Descriptive analysis of mean ratings and inferential statistics using independent-samples t-test were conducted. The results indicated that the management education programmes of private-funded TEL platforms were perceived to be superior to those of public-funded TEL platforms in 42 out of 56 quality indicators. This study is one of the first to provide evaluation metrics of the educational programme quality of Indian TEL platforms, and the conclusion is that private-funded TEL platforms offer a better mix of theory and practice in their management education programmes than public-funded TEL platforms.
Concomitant Triceps Surae Lengthening in Total Ankle Arthroplasty Affects the Mechanical Work at the Ankle Joint
Authors: Deleu Paul-André , Naaim Alexandre , Chèze Laurence , Dumas Raphaël , Devos Bevernage Bernhard , Birch Ivan , Leemrijse Thibaut , Besse Jean-Luc
Published: June 2023

Background:

Previous studies have examined the effect of concomitant triceps surae lengthening on ankle dorsiflexion motion at the time of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). As plantarflexor muscle-tendon structures are important for producing positive ankle work during the propulsive phase of gait, caution should be exercised when lengthening triceps surae, as it may decrease plantarflexion strength. In order to develop an understanding of the work of the anatomical structures crossing the ankle during propulsion, joint work must be measured. The aim of this explorative study was to assess the effect of concomitant triceps surae lengthening with TAA on the resultant ankle joint work.

Methods:

Thirty-three patients were recruited to the study and divided into 3 groups of 11. The first group underwent both triceps surae lengthening (Strayer and TendoAchilles) and TAA (Achilles group), the second group underwent only TAA (Non-Achilles group), and the third group underwent only TAA, but had a greater radiographic prosthesis range of motion (Control group) compared to the first 2 groups. The 3 groups were matched in terms of demographic variables and walking speed. All patients underwent a 3D gait analysis 1 year after surgery to measure intersegmental joint work using a 4-segmented kinetic foot model. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the 3 groups.

Results:

The ANOVA showed significant differences between the 3 groups. Post hoc analyses suggested that (1) the Achilles group had less positive work at the ankle joint than the Non-Achilles and Control groups; (2) the Achilles group produced less positive work performed by all foot and ankle joints than the Control group; and (3) the Achilles and Non-Achilles groups absorbed less energy across all foot and ankle joints during the stance phase than the Control group.

Conclusion:

Concomitant triceps surae lengthening in TAA may reduce the positive work at the ankle joint.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
A rare case of hyperpigmented torpedo maculopathy
Authors: Chitturi Sai Prashanti , Venkatesh Ramesh , Handa Ashit , Mangla Rubble , Chhablani Jay
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To describe a rare presentation of torpedo maculopathy (TM).

Case description

A 25-year-old male was examined in the retina clinic for a macular scar in the left eye. His visual acuity was 20/20, N6 in both eyes and no past history of ocular trauma or any medical or ocular history. The anterior segment was quiet and intraocular pressure was normal.

Results

The patient's left eye on 78D slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a flat, diffusely hyperpigmented fusiform torpedo-like lesion with sharp margins and surrounding hypopigmentation located predominantly temporal to the fovea, with its tip pointing towards it and just crossing the vertical foveal midline. Dilated fundus examination with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed no peripheral chorioretinal lesions or vitritis in both eyes. OCT scan through the lesion revealed gross damage to the outer retinal layers, as well as thickening of the retinal pigment epithelium and underlying shadowing, as well as a hyporeflective subretinal cleft involving the lesion. OCT also revealed outer retinal layer damage with an intact retinal pigment epithelium through the lesion's hypopigmented margins. Fundus autofluorescence image revealed a globally hypoautofluorescent lesion in the left eye, with surrounding patchy hyperautofluoroscent areas. Based on the patient history, clinical and imaging findings, other differential diagnoses such as atypical congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroidal nevus, RPE hamartoma, trauma and inflammatory conditions were ruled out. The diagnosis of TM was confirmed based on the typical lesion shape and location.

Conclusion

A torpedo lesion with diffuse hyperpigmentation is an unusually rare presentation.
COVID-19 vaccine apartheid and the failure of global cooperation
Authors: Brown Stephen , Rosier Morgane
Published: June 2023

The equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most important tests of global cooperation that the world has faced in recent decades. Collectively, global leaders failed that crucible abysmally, creating a ‘vaccine apartheid’ that divided the world according to income into countries with widespread access and those without. Why, given that leaders were fully aware of the risks and injustice of vaccine inequity, did governments of wealthy countries hoard doses, impede the expansion of vaccine manufacturing and otherwise prevent equitable access to vaccines? We argue that their decisions to act selfishly are best explained by governments’ accountability to domestic constituencies, their lack of leadership and commitment to multilateralism and their adoption of short-term perspectives, as well as their unwillingness to curb the influence of profit-oriented global pharmaceutical companies and, to a certain extent, of an additional private actor, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide: Who are the vulnerable?
Authors: Rus Meta , Gastmans Chris
Published: June 2023

One of the common domains in health care in which the concept of vulnerability is used is end-of-life care, including euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS). Since different uses and implications of the notion have been recognised in the literature on EAS, this paper aims to analyse them and reflect on who is the most vulnerable in the context of EAS. A prior exploratory review of the literature has served as a starting point for the discussion. We concluded that vulnerability is a complex, multi-perspective and multi-layered concept, which implies the vulnerability of different stakeholders involved in EAS practices and vulnerability in different aspects of being human (i.e., physical, mental, moral, social and spiritual). A comprehensive understanding of the notion of vulnerability, which balances as well as complements the concept of autonomy, seems to be an indispensable element of the discourse on EAS.