bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aldehydes in Exhaled Breath during E-Cigarette Vaping: Pilot Study Results
Authors: Samburova Vera , Bhattarai Chiranjivi , Strickland Matthew , Darrow Lyndsey , Angermann Jeff , Son Yeongkwon , Khlystov Andrey
Published: August 2018

Several studies have shown the presence of aldehydes (i.e., formaldehyde, acrolein) in mainstream emissions of some e-cigarettes. For this reason, concerns have been raised regarding potential toxicity. The purpose of this research was to measure levels of carbonyls in exhaled breath of e-cigarette users during “vaping” sessions and estimate the respiratory tract (RT) uptake of specific aldehydes, including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. We measured concentrations of 12 carbonyls in e-cigarette aerosols produced directly by e-cigarettes and in the exhaled breath of 12 participants (19 sessions). Carbonyls were sampled on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a UV/Vis photodiode detector. We found that in most cases, levels of aldehydes and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were significantly higher (2–125 times) in exhaled e-cigarette breaths than in pre-exposed breath. Exposure levels for the most abundant individual carbonyls in e-cigarette emissions—formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein—were between the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 24.4 μg·puff−1. The mean retention of formaldehyde in the respiratory tract was 99.7 ± 0.9% for all participants, while acetaldehyde retention was 91.6 ± 9.9%. Within the limitation of a small number of participants, our results showed that there is an increase in breath carbonyls during e-cigarette use.
Variations of Bacterial Community Composition and Functions in an Estuary Reservoir during Spring and Summer Alternation
Authors: Xu Zheng , Te Shu Harn , Xu Cong , He Yiliang , Gin Karina Yew-Hoong
Published: August 2018

In this study, we focused on the dynamics of bacterial community composition in a large reservoir in the Yangtze estuary during spring and summer seasons, especially the variations of functional mechanisms of microbial community during the seasonal alternation between spring and summer. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing technology were used for these purposes. The results indicated that obvious variations of bacterial community structures were found at different sites. Particle-associated bacterial taxa exhibited higher abundance at the inlet site, which was closer to the Yangtze River with a high level of turbidity. In other sites, Synechococcus, as the most dominant cyanobacterial species, revealed high abundance driven by increased temperature. Moreover, some heterotrophic bacterial taxa revealed high abundance following the increased Synechococcus in summer, which indicated potential correlations about carbon source utilization between these microorganisms. In addition, the shotgun metagenomic data indicated during the period of seasonal alternation between spring and summer, the carbohydrate transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, translation/ribosomal biogenesis, and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis were significantly enhanced at the exit site. However, the course of cell cycle control/division was more active at the internal site.
Histopathological Evaluation of the Exposure by Cyanobacteria Cultive Containing [d-Leu1]Microcystin-LR on Lithobates catesbeianus Tadpoles
Authors: Rodrigues Pires Júnior Osmindo , De Oliveira Natiela Beatriz , Bosque Renan J. , Nice Ferreira Maria Fernanda , Morais Aurélio da Silva Veronica , Martins Magalhães Ana Carolina , Correia de Santana Carlos José , De Souza Castro Mariana
Published: August 2018

This study evaluated the effects of [d-Leu1]Microcystin-LR variant by the exposure of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpole to unialgal culture Microcystis aeruginosa NPLJ-4 strain. The Tadpole was placed in aquariums and exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa culture or disrupted cells. For 16 days, 5 individuals were removed every 2 days, and tissue samples of liver, skeletal muscle, and intestinal tract were collected for histopathology and bioaccumulation analyses. After exposure, those surviving tadpoles were placed in clean water for 15 days to evaluate their recovery. A control without algae and toxins was maintained in the same conditions and exhibited normal histology and no tissue damage. In exposed tadpoles, samples were characterized by serious damages that similarly affected the different organs, such as loss of adhesion between cells, nucleus fragmentation, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Samples showed signs of recovery but severe damages were still observed. Neither HPLC-PDA nor mass spectrometry analysis showed any evidence of free Microcystins bioaccumulation.
Recombinant and Chimeric Disintegrins in Preclinical Research
Authors: David Victor , Succar Barbara Barbosa , De Moraes João Alfredo , Saldanha-Gama Roberta Ferreira Gomes , Barja-Fidalgo Christina , Zingali Russolina Benedeta
Published: August 2018

Disintegrins are a family of small cysteine-rich peptides, found in a wide variety of snake venoms of different phylogenetic origin. These peptides selectively bind to integrins, which are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that play a fundamental role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as hemostasis and tumor metastasis. Most disintegrins interact with integrins through the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence loop, resulting in an active site that modulates the integrin activity. Some variations in the tripeptide sequence and the variability in its neighborhood result in a different specificity or affinity toward integrin receptors from platelets, tumor cells or neutrophils. Recombinant forms of these proteins are obtained mainly through Escherichia coli, which is the most common host used for heterologous expression. Advances in the study of the structure-activity relationship and importance of some regions of the molecule, especially the hairpin loop and the C-terminus, rely on approaches such as site-directed mutagenesis and the design and expression of chimeric peptides. This review provides highlights of the biological relevance and contribution of recombinant disintegrins to the understanding of their binding specificity, biological activities and therapeutic potential. The biological and pharmacological relevance on the newest discoveries about this family of integrin-binding proteins are discussed.
Suppression of NF-κB Activity: A Viral Immune Evasion Mechanism
Authors: Deng Liyao , Zeng Qiurui , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Shaqiu , Liu Yunya , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling , Chen Xiaoyue
Published: August 2018

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor that induces the expression of antiviral genes and viral genes. NF-κB activation needs the activation of NF-κB upstream molecules, which include receptors, adaptor proteins, NF-κB (IκB) kinases (IKKs), IκBα, and NF-κB dimer p50/p65. To survive, viruses have evolved the capacity to utilize various strategies that inhibit NF-κB activity, including targeting receptors, adaptor proteins, IKKs, IκBα, and p50/p65. To inhibit NF-κB activation, viruses encode several specific NF-κB inhibitors, including NS3/4, 3C and 3C-like proteases, viral deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), phosphodegron-like (PDL) motifs, viral protein phosphatase (PPase)-binding proteins, and small hydrophobic (SH) proteins. Finally, we briefly describe the immune evasion mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) by inhibiting NF-κB activity in productive and latent infections. This paper reviews a viral mechanism of immune evasion that involves the suppression of NF-κB activation to provide new insights into and references for the control and prevention of viral diseases.
Simulation of the Water Dynamics and Root Water Uptake of Winter Wheat in Irrigation at Different Soil Depths
Authors: Guo Xianghong , Sun Xihuan , Ma Juanjuan , Lei Tao , Zheng Lijian , Wang Pu
Published: August 2018

Soil water content (SWC) distribution plays an important role in root water uptake (RWU) and crop yield. Reasonable deep irrigation can increase the yield of winter wheat. The soil water movement model of winter wheat was established by considering the root water uptake and the different soil depths of irrigation and using the source term of the soil water movement equation to simulate irrigation at different soil depths. For model verification, experiments on three treatments of winter wheat growth were conducted at irrigation soil depths of 0% (T1), 40% (T2), and 70% (T3) of the distribution depth of the winter wheat root system. The SWC calculated by the model is in accordance with the dynamic change trend of the measured SWC. The maximum absolute error of the model was 0.022 cm3/cm3. The maximum average relative error was 7.95%. The maximum root mean square error was 0.28 cm3/cm3. Therefore, the model has a high simulation accuracy and can be used to simulate the distribution and dynamic changes of SWC of winter wheat in irrigation at different soil depths. The experimental data showed that irrigation soil depth has a significant effect on the root distribution of winter wheat (p < 0.05), and deep irrigation can reduce the root length density (RLD) in the upper soil layers and increase the RLD in the deeper soil layers. The dynamic simulation of RWU and SWC showed that deep irrigation can increase the SWC and RWU in deep soil and decrease the SWC and RWU in upper soil. Consequently, deep irrigation can increase the transpiration of winter wheat, reduce evaporation and evapotranspiration, and increase the yield of winter wheat.
Sediment Management in Taiwan’s Reservoirs and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Wen , Kondolf Mathias , Tullos Desiree , Kuo Wei-Cheng
Published: August 2018

Reservoirs play a critically important role in supplying water for human uses. However, sedimentation limits storage capabilities and increases risk for aging infrastructure. The objectives of this paper are to synthesize both general sediment management strategies and past sediment management efforts in Taiwan in order to identify the barriers to more effective sediment management in reservoirs globally. A review of the broader literature and six Taiwan case studies was conducted to examine the characteristics, limitations, costs, and effectiveness of different sediment management strategies. Results highlight how social barriers play an important role in limiting reservoir sustainability, particularly the crisis-response approach to addressing sedimentation and the low priority for sediment management relative to competing objectives, such as tourism. Technical barriers are driven primarily by the engineering and costs of retrofitting existing dams and site conditions that may inhibit particular practices at any given site. Results also highlight tradeoffs in the effectiveness, costs, and time efficiency of various sediment management strategies in restoring storage capacity. The high sediment loads and rapid filling of reservoirs in Taiwan provide early insight into the management issues that are emerging worldwide, and these results emphasize the need for proactive engineering and management of sediment in reservoirs globally.
Multivariate and Spatial Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in an Irrigation District, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Prieto-Amparán Jesús Alejandro , Rocha-Gutiérrez Beatriz Adriana , Ballinas-Casarrubias María de Lourdes , Valles-Aragón María Cecilia , Peralta-Pérez María del Rosario , Pinedo-Alvarez Alfredo
Published: August 2018

Water quality is relevant due to the complexity of the interaction of physicochemical and biological parameters. The Irrigation District 005 (ID005) is one of the most important agricultural region in Chihuahua, México; for that reason, it was proposed to investigate the water quality of the site. Water samples were collected in two periods: Summer (S1) and Fall (S2). The samples were taken from 65 wells in S1, and 54 wells in S2. Physicochemical parameters (PhP) such as Arsenic (As), Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxide Reduction Potential (ORP), Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Turbidity were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and spatial variability tests. In both seasons, the TDS exceeded the Mexican maximum permissible level (MPL) (35% S1, 39% S2). Turbidity exceeded the MPL in S1 (29%) and in S2 (12%). Arsenic was above the MPL for water of agricultural use in 9% (S1) and 13% (S2) of the wells. The PCA results suggested that most variations in water quality in S1 were due to As, pH and Temperature, followed by EC, TDS and Hardness; while in S2 to EC, TDS and Hardness, followed by As and pH.
Tree Water Dynamics in a Semi-Arid, Pinus brutia Forest
Authors: Eliades Marinos , Bruggeman Adriana , Djuma Hakan , Lubczynski Maciek W.
Published: August 2018

This study aims to examine interactions between tree characteristics, sap flow, and environmental variables in an open Pinus brutia (Ten.) forest with shallow soil. We examined radial and azimuthal variations of sap flux density (Jp), and also investigated the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution mechanisms, quantified nocturnal tree transpiration, and analyzed the total water use of P. brutia trees during a three-year period. Sap flow and soil moisture sensors were installed onto and around eight trees, situated in the foothills of the Troodos Mountains, Cyprus. Radial observations showed a linear decrease of sap flux densities with increasing sapwood depth. Azimuthal differences were found to be statistically insignificant. Reverse sap flow was observed during low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and negative air temperatures. Nocturnal sap flow was about 18% of the total sap flow. Rainfall was 507 mm in 2015, 359 mm in 2016, and 220 mm in 2017. Transpiration was 53%, 30%, and 75%, respectively, of the rainfall in those years, and was affected by the distribution of the rainfall. The trees showed an immediate response to rainfall events, but also exploited the fractured bedrock. The transpiration and soil moisture levels over the three hydrologically contrasting years showed that P. brutia is well-adapted to semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.
Comparing Bias Correction Methods Used in Downscaling Precipitation and Temperature from Regional Climate Models: A Case Study from the Kaidu River Basin in Western China
Authors: Luo Min , Liu Tie , Meng Fanhao , Duan Yongchao , Frankl Amaury , Bao Anming , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: August 2018

The systemic biases of Regional Climate Models (RCMs) impede their application in regional hydrological climate-change effects analysis and lead to errors. As a consequence, bias correction has become a necessary prerequisite for the study of climate change. This paper compares the performance of available bias correction methods that focus on the performance of precipitation and temperature projections. The hydrological effects of these correction methods are evaluated by the modelled discharges of the Kaidu River Basin. The results show that all used methods improve the performance of the original RCM precipitation and temperature simulations across a number of levels. The corrected results obtained by precipitation correction methods demonstrate larger diversities than those produced by the temperature correction methods. The performance of hydrological modelling is highly influenced by the choice of precipitation correction methods. Furthermore, no substantial differences can be identified from the results of the temperature-corrected methods. The biases from input data are often greater from the works of hydrological modelling. The suitability of these approaches depends upon the regional context and the RCM model, while their application procedure and a number of results can be adapted from region to region.
The Stability of Tailings Dams under Dry-Wet Cycles: A Case Study in Luonan, China
Authors: Wang Xingang , Zhan Hongbin , Wang Jiading , Li Ping
Published: August 2018

Instability of tailings dams may result in loss of life and property and serious environmental pollution. The position of the tailings dam’s phreatic line varies due to continuously changing factors such as rainfall infiltration and discharge of tailings recycling water. Consequently, tailings dams undergo dry-wet (DW) cycles, accompanied by the appearance of a hydro-fluctuation belt. With dynamic development of the physical and chemical properties of tailings sand in the hydro-fluctuation belt, the stability of tailings dams is uncertain. In this study, direct shear tests were performed on the tailings sand collected from a tailings dam in Luonan, through which the shear strength parameters of tailings sand with DW cycles were obtained. Then, a method that efficiently calculates the phreatic line of the tailings dam under DW cycles was proposed. In addition, based on laboratory tests and the proposed phreatic line calculation method, we used a finite element program to evaluate the stability of the tailings dam that experienced different DW cycles. The calculated results showed that: (i) the damage effects of DW cycles gradually weakens as the number of DW cycles increases. (ii) With the increasing of DW cycles, the maximum displacement of the tailings dam increases from 0.5 mm to 22 mm, and the area of maximum displacement expanded mainly at the toe of the tailings dam and at the front edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt. (iii) The tailings dam safety factor decreases continuously with increasing DW cycles. This study may provide a novel method for analyzing the stability of tailings dams under different DW cycles as well as an important reference for improving tailings dam stability.
NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR PERFORMANCE CONTROL IN THE GOVERNANCE OF INTERCONNECTED LOCAL TRANSPORT COMPANIES
Authors: Tampieri Laura , Canonico Paolo
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses a network-analysis approach to the performance control of integrated built-environment systems based on efficiency, effectiveness, and adequacy. We apply this perspective to the governance of systems of local transport companies in built environments, which are frequently organized as networks. To this end, we propose a multi-dimensional grid of first- and second-order ties to locate network units and individuate the adequacy or appropriateness of network structures for performance control. In this field, issues connected to transport systems such as sustainability play a crucial role in defining structures and processes of network performance control. We empirically examine a pilot case of local public transport companies in the Forlì-Cesena area (Italy), testing network adequacy and giving evidence for the optimal localization of governance among units dedicated to providing transport services. Our results also support the hypothesis that, although structural centralization was ostensibly oriented towards increasing governance, the structure actually devolved into decentralized control at the periphery of the network, diminishing the effectiveness of initiatives.
StarGO: A New Method to Identify the Galactic Origins of Halo Stars
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Chang Jiang , Banerjee Projjwal , Han Jiaxin , Kang Xi , Smith M. C.
Published: August 2018

We develop a new method, Stars’ Galactic Origin (StarGO), to identify the galactic origins of halo stars using their kinematics. Our method is based on a self-organizing map (SOM), which is one of the most popular unsupervised learning algorithms. StarGO combines SOM with a novel adaptive group identification algorithm with essentially no free parameters. To evaluate our model, we build a synthetic stellar halo from mergers of nine satellites in the Milky Way. We construct the mock catalog by extracting a heliocentric volume of 10 kpc from our simulations and assigning expected observational uncertainties corresponding to bright stars from Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR5. We compare the results from StarGO against those from a friends-of-friends-based method in the space of orbital energy and angular momentum. We show that StarGO is able to systematically identify more satellites and achieve higher number fraction of identified stars for most of the satellites within the extracted heliocentric volume. When applied to data from Gaia DR2, StarGO will enable us to reveal the origins of the inner stellar halo in unprecedented detail.
La crise depuis dix ans - étapes
Authors: Marhold Hartmut
Published: August 2018

La crise financière, économique et de la dette de l’État a mis à l’épreuve l’UE et ses États membres à partir de 2008. Les réactions à cette crise inattendue et sans précédent sont multiples et semblent être pour la plupart des réponses ad hoc, sans logique systémique. Cet article soutient cependant qu’il existe une succession et une structure plausibles de la gestion de la crise par l’UE (1), en commençant par les programmes de redressement (keynésiens), (2) par des mesures de protection des États membres des marchés financiers (spéculatifs), à savoir les « fonds de sauvetage » (3), parallèlement à ces mesures, les mécanismes de contrôle assurant l’utilisation de ces fonds conformément au système, et (4) enfin, les tentatives de régulation des marchés financiers. Dans l’ensemble, cela revient à un système plus ou moins raisonnable, qui devrait, même si ce n’est pas le cas, se traduire par un changement de traité - une légitimation constitutionnelle d’une politique de crise aussi profonde.
A brief overview of the European Banking Union
Authors: Gortsos Christos V.
Published: August 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter et évaluer brièvement le cadre institutionnel (ainsi que certains des principaux aspects juridiques liés) qui gouverne l’Union bancaire européenne (UBE), tel qu’il est en vigueur, ainsi que les propositions faites ou suggérées pour l’améliorer. L’article comporte deux sections : (1) Un aperçu historique des dispositions institutionnelles de l’UE relatives à la stabilité du système bancaire dans l’Union européenne avant la création de l’UBE, les conditions qui ont conduit à son établissement en réponse à la crise budgétaire actuelle dans la zone euro, une brève description du contenu actuel de ses principaux piliers et de leur lien avec le (sous-jacent) règlement unique (le statu quo) font l’objet de la section I. (2) La section II donne un aperçu, accompagné de quelques évaluations, du programme de réforme actuel de la Commission concernant l’UBE, les deux éléments que l’auteur considère comme le “programme inachevé” et le lien entre une Union Économique et Monétaire (plus) solide et une UBE qui fonctionne bien et qui (par conséquent) renforce la stabilité financière. Les informations contenues dans cette étude précèdent la date du 23 décembre 2017.
Le titre de séjour pour raison médicale, un obstacle à l’accès au titre de séjour pérenne : résultats de l’enquête ANRS Parcours
Authors: Gosselin Anne
Published: August 2018

Objectifs : En France, les acteurs associatifs dénoncent depuis longtemps les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes étrangères détentrices d’un titre de séjour pour raison médicale dans l’accès à des titres de séjour pérennes (carte de 10 ans ou nationalité française). L’objectif de cette étude est de vérifier si une discrimination existe envers les personnes étrangères détentrices de ce titre, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Méthodes : Nous utilisons les données de l’enquête quantitative rétrospective ANRS Parcours qui a été menée en 2012-2013 auprès de 1 705 immigrés subsahariens atteints de VIH/sida ou d’Hépatite B en Île-de-France. Cette enquête biographique a permis de reconstituer l’historique des titres de séjour. Au moyen de modèles logistiques à temps discret, nous modélisons les facteurs associés à l’obtention d’un titre de séjour pérenne et l’effet du titre de séjour pour soins sur cette probabilité. Des variables de contrôle permettent de prendre en compte le niveau d’étude, le motif de la venue en France, la période d’arrivée, la durée de séjour. Résultats : Le titre de séjour pour soins a un effet délétère sur l’accès à un titre de séjour pérenne (ORa compris entre 0,15 et 0,27 selon le groupe, p < 0,01). Par ailleurs, il y a un allongement du temps nécessaire pour obtenir un titre de séjour pérenne depuis 2005 comparé à avant 1996 pour l’ensemble des personnes étrangères participant à l’enquête. Conclusions : Nos résultats suggèrent une discrimination envers les personnes détentrices d’un titre de séjour pour raison médicale dans l’accès à un titre de séjour pérenne. Ainsi, c’est l’accès au droit à la santé des personnes étrangères qui est remis en question.
Fin de vie : ne rien changer quand rien ne va
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana
Published: August 2018

Depuis 2005 et la première loi consacrée à la fin de vie, le législateur français a, de façon constante, souhaité encourager le recours aux soins palliatifs afin d’améliorer les conditions de la fin de vie et faire ainsi disparaître les demandes d’abréger la vie. Visiblement, la voie choisie n’a pas permis de répondre à toutes les situations individuelles. Ainsi de nombreux Français se rendent à l’étranger, en Suisse ou en Belgique, pour tirer avantage d’une législation plus libérale c’est-à-dire concrètement d’un suicide assisté ou d’une euthanasie. Bien que la question de la fin de vie ne soit pas fondamentalement renouvelée par des progrès scientifiques ou médicaux, il est apparu qu’elle ne pouvait être éludée et fut donc inscrite à l’ordre du jour des États généraux de la bioéthique.
Isometric Hip Strength and Dynamic Stability of Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: McCann Ryan S. , Bolding Brenn A. , Terada Masafumi , Kosik Kyle B. , Crossett Ian D. , Gribble Phillip A.
Published: August 2018

Context: 

Compared with individuals who have a history of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) without markers of chronic ankle instability (CAI; LAS copers) and healthy people, those with CAI often exhibit neuromuscular impairments and dynamic-stability deficits at the hip. However, the influence of hip-strength deficits on dynamic stability remains unknown.

Objective: 

To compare isometric hip strength and dynamic stability in individuals with or without CAI and examine the degree of dynamic-stability variance explained by isometric hip strength.

Design: 

Case-control study.

Setting: 

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Sixty individuals (47 women, 13 men; age = 23.7 ± 4.6 years, height = 166.6 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 15.7 kg) separated into CAI, LAS coper, and control groups based on previously established criteria.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Group differences in resultant vector time to stabilization (RVTTS) and isometric hip-extension, -abduction, and external-rotation strength were determined using 1-way analyses of covariance that controlled for sex and limb (dominant or nondominant) tested and Cohen d effect sizes (95% confidence intervals). Backward linear regressions and Cohen f2 effect sizes (95% confidence intervals) determined the amount of RVTTS variance explained by isometric hip strength. Significance was set a priori at P < .05.

Results: 

The CAI group had less isometric hip-extension strength than LAS copers (P = .02, d = 0.72 [0.06, 1.34]) and controls (P = .01, d = 1.19 [0.50, 1.84]) and less external-rotation strength than LAS copers (P = .03, d = 0.78 [0.13, 1.41]) and controls (P = .01, d = 1.02 [0.34, 1.65]). No group differences existed for RVTTS (F2,57 = 1.16, P = .32) or abduction strength (F2,57 = 2.84, P = .07). Resultant vector time to stabilization was explained by isometric hip strength for LAS copers (R2 = 0.21, f2 = 0.27 [0.22, 0.32], P = .04) but not for the CAI (R2 = 0.12, f2 = 0.14 [0.06, 0.22], P = .22) or control (R2 = 0.10, f2 = 0.11 [0.03, 0.19], P = .18) groups.

Conclusions: 

Participants with CAI had decreased isometric hip strength, but that did not equate to dynamic-stability deficits. Clinicians should include hip-muscle strengthening in rehabilitation protocols for patients with CAI, yet these gains may not enhance dynamic stability when landing from a jump.
A family support model for enhancing the well-being and work performance of Christians in managerial positions
Authors: Matsveru Florence , Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: August 2018

This article is based on a PhD study entitled: ‘Wellbeing and work performance of Christians in managerial positions: A Namibian case study’. The main aim of the study was to find out if there is a correlation between the well-being and work performance of Christian managers and support from their families, which would culminate into a model for use by Christian managers, Christian managers’ families and Christian practitioners such as pastors, counsellors and other practitioners in the helping profession. The study was based on Don Browning’s revised correlational approach to practical theology and used a mixed methods research design (quantitative and qualitative). Thirty-two Christian managers in Ohangwena Region, Namibia, participated in the study, and six biblical examples and other key scriptures were selected to draw theological principles related to Christian managers’ well-being and work performance in relation to family support. The aim of this article is to present the model, which is based on the understanding that Christian managers’ well-being affects their work performance, that family support contributes significantly to Christian managers’ well-being, that Christian managers have a role to play if they are to receive family support, and that churches play an important part in encouraging family support for Christian managers.
Humans created God in their image? An anthropomorphic projectionism in the Old Testament
Authors: Mtshiselwa Ndikho , Mokoena Lerato
Published: August 2018

The Old Testament projects not only a Deity that created the world and human beings but also one that is violent and male. The debate on the depiction of the God of Israel that is violent and male is far from being exhausted in Old Testament studies. Thus, the main question posed in this article is: If re-read as ‘Humans created God in their image’, would Genesis 1:27 account for the portrayal of a Deity that is male and violent? Feuerbach’s idea of anthropomorphic projectionism and Guthrie’s view of religion as anthropomorphism come to mind here. This article therefore examines, firstly, human conceptualisation of a divine being within the framework of the theory of anthropomorphic projectionism. Because many a theologian and philosopher would deny that God is a being at all, we further investigate whether the God of Israel was a theological and social construction during the history of ancient Israel. In the end, we conclude, based on the theory of anthropomorphic projectionism, that the idea that the God of Israel was a theological and social construct accounts for the depiction of a Deity that is male and violent in the Old Testament.
Black women’s bodies as reformers from the dungeons: The Reformation and womanism
Authors: Kobo Fundiswa A.
Published: August 2018

While it cannot be denied that the 16th-century Reformation, which challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian moral practice in a just manner, indeed came with deep and lasting political changes, it remained a male-dominated discourse. The Reformation was arguably patriarchal and points to a patriarchal culture of subordination and oppression of women that prevailed then and is still pertinent in the church and all spheres of society today. The absence of Elmina and the silenced yet loud voices and cries from the female dungeons below a Dutch Reformed Church in the upper levels of the castle in the retelling of the narrative of the Reformation leaves much to be desired and has a bearing on how black women perceive the Reformation 500 years later. The article thus problematises the Reformation through the heuristic eyes of Elmina Castle in Ghana as the genesis of the ‘dungeoning’ of black women justified by faith. The article argues that black women are reformers from the dungeons following the historical experience of reformation and the Reformed faith as racist and sexist, among other ills experienced by blacks in the Global South, with black women literally kept in the dungeons below a Reformed Church building as they were in Elmina with a biblical inscription, Psalm 138, on the threshold of its main door. This article thus points to irreconcilable contradictions maintained by the Reformed faith that continues to bury black women in the ‘dungeons’ even today. The enfleshment of black bodies in the dungeons of the Elmina Castle underneath a Reformed Church building is seen as the historical and heuristic starting point of engaging Reformed faith from a womanist perspective.
A Serological Survey of Human Onchocerciasis in Yemen
Authors: Mackenzie Charles D. , Al-Kubati Abdul-Samid , Al-Qubati Yasin , Behan-Braman Ashley , Kubofcik Joseph , Hopkins Adrian , Nutman Thomas B.
Published: August 2018

Yemen is a country that has been treating severe cases of oncho-dermatitis since 1992 and is now moving to a program aimed at the elimination of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. It is important to ensure that the currently acceptable tools used in epidemiological assessment of onchocerciasis in Africa and Latin America also apply to Yemen. Five hundred and ten blood samples from three known O. volvulus–endemic areas, locations that have never been under a mass treatment program, were tested for the presence of antibodies against a panel of O. volvulus–specific antigens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ov16) and luciferase immunoprecipitation system (Ov-FAR-1 and Ov-MSA-1) assays. Overall, 31.4% of the samples tested were positive, with positivity increasing with age. Positivity was seen in 76.5% of those presenting with clinical onchocerciasis but importantly also in more than 28.5% of those defined as free of oncho-dermatitis; these latter individuals are likely to be serving as a source for persistent reinfection. This study supports the use of the current O. volvulus–specific serologic methodology in Yemen.
A replication plan for “Does social media reduce corruption?” (Information Economics and Policy, 2017)
Authors: Hannum Randall J.
Published: August 2018

The importance of replicating economic research to improve the validity of findings has been the topic of an ongoing discussion, but there is not a consensus about what that means in practice. This article discusses a rationale for replicating a study and offers a plan of how one might go about approaching a replication of an actual study.
Biogeography and community structure of abyssal scavenging Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Patel Tasnim , Robert Henri , D'Udekem D'Acoz Cedric , Martens Koen , De Mesel Ilse , Degraer Steven , Schön Isa
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In 2015, we have collected more than 60,000 scavenging amphipod specimens during two expeditions to the Clarion-Clipperton fracture Zone (CCZ), in the Northeast (NE) Pacific and to the DISturbance and re-COLonisation (DisCOL) Experimental Area (DEA), a simulated mining impact disturbance proxy in the Peru basin, Southeast (SE) Pacific. Here, we compare biodiversity patterns of the larger specimens (> 15 mm) within and between these two oceanic basins. Nine scavenging amphipod species are shared between these two areas, thus indicating connectivity. We further provide evidence that disturbance proxies seem to negatively affect scavenging amphipod biodiversity, as illustrated by a reduced alpha biodiversity in the DEA (Simpson Index (D) = 0.62), when compared to the CCZ (D = 0.73) and particularly of the disturbance site in the DEA and the site geographically closest to it. Community compositions of the two basins differs, as evidenced by a Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis of beta biodiversity. The NMDS also shows a further separation of the disturbance site (D1) from its neighbouring, undisturbed reference areas (D2, D3, D4 and D5) in the DEA. A single species, Abyssorchomene gerulicorbis, dominates the DEA with 60 % of all individuals.
A High-resolution Biogeochemical Model (ROMS 3.4 + bio_Fennel)
of the East Australian Current System
Authors: Rocha Carlos , Edwards Christopher A. , Roughan Moninya , Cetina-Heredia Paulina , Kerry Colette
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Understanding phytoplankton dynamics is critical across a range of topics, spanning from fisheries management to climate change mitigation. It is particularly interesting in the East Australian Current (EAC) System, as the region’s eddy field strongly conditions nutrient availability and, therefore, phytoplankton growth. Numerical models provide unparalleled insight into these biogeochemical dynamics. Yet, to date, modelling efforts off southeastern Australia have either targeted case studies (small spatial and temporal scales) or encompassed the whole EAC System but focused on climate change effects at the mesoscale (with a spatial resolution of 1/10º). Here we couple a model of the pelagic nitrogen cycle (bio_Fennel) to a 10-year high-resolution (2.5–5 km horizontal) three-dimensional ocean model (ROMS) to resolve both regional and finer scale biogeochemical processes occurring in the EAC System. We use several statistical metrics to compare the simulated surface chlorophyll to an ocean colour dataset (Copernicus-GlobColour) for the 2003–2011 period and show that the model can reproduce the observed phytoplankton surface patterns with a domain-wide rmse of approximately 0.2 mg chla m−3 and a correlation coefficient of 0.76. This coupled configuration will provide a much-needed framework to examine phytoplankton variability in the EAC System providing insight into important ecosystem dynamics such as regional nutrient supply mechanisms and biogeochemical cycling occurring in EAC eddies.
Datos sobre el coste de la vida en el Magreb y al-Andalus (Siglos VII / XIII – IX / XV) I: Precios de los bienes inmuebles
Authors: Dabbour Mohammed Ali
Published: August 2018

El estudio del coste de la vida y los precios de los productos en el Magreb y al-Andalus, por el momento, es una cuestión difícil y compleja debido a la escasez de datos relacionados con esta parte de la situación histórica, pues necesitamos conocer minuciosamente el precio de las cosas que necesita y utiliza normalmente la gente para vivir, como: los bienes inmuebles (casas, huertas, tierras, etc.), el ajuar y los utensilios domésticos, como el mobiliario de la casa y el menaje de la cocina, además, la ropa y los tejidos, los instrumentos de trabajo, el oro y las joyas, el ganado y los productos alimenticios. Este trabajo es bastante largo, por eso vamos a dividirlo en tres partes y publicarlo en tres artículos seguidos.
¿Cómo influye el sistema de protección en el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes que acoge?
Authors: Llosada-Gistau Joan , Montserrat Carme , Casas Ferran
Published: August 2018

El bienestar subjetivo es un componente esencial de la calidad de vida. Conocemos muy poco sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los niños y niñas, y menos aún de los adolescentes de colectivos vulnerables como los que están acogidos por el sistema de protección. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar cómo influye el sistema de protección en el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes que acoge a partir de sus propias percepciones, evaluaciones y satisfacciones. Es un estudio transversal realizado en Cataluña. La población de estudio fueron los adolescentes entre 12 y 14 años acogidos en centro residencial (n=379) y familia extensa (n=219). Se administró el cuestionario International Survey of Children’s Well-Being que incluía tres escalas psicométricas: Overall Live Satisfaction (OLS), Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS) y la Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) utilizadas cómo indicadores de bienestar subjetivo. La mayoría de los adolescentes acogidos en familia extensa están satisfechos con el tipo de acogimiento por solo la mitad de los que están acogidos en centro. Los adolescentes que llevan más tiempo en el mismo tipo de acogimiento, los adolescentes que viven en centros de menor tamaño, así como aquellos adolescentes que manifiestan estar satisfechos con sus acogedores, educadores y compañeros de centro, muestran medias de bienestar subjetivo más altas. Es muy importante tener en cuenta la opinión de los adolescentes acogidos por el sistema de protección si se pretende mejorar su bienestar subjetivo. La estabilidad y el vínculo afectivo con acogedores y educadores es clave en su bienestar.
Infancia-adolescencia, Estado y Derecho. Una visión constitucional
Authors: Montejo Rivero Jetzabel Mireya
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza la protección que el Estado, la familia y la sociedad confieren a la infancia en distintas etapas históricas. Entre los métodos utilizados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, hermenéutico y el comparado los que sirvieron para el estudio del texto constitucional en países de Europa y América Latina, en la selección de los países de la muestra se privilegió aquellos en los tuvo lugar algún proceso de reforma constitucional posterior a 1990 o los que forman parte del ¨nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano”. Desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, describe el proceso de reconocimiento de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes de manera paralela al desarrollo de los derechos humanos. En ese propósito, se valora el tratamiento otorgado a la infancia por el Estado y el Derecho en las distintas fases del constitucionalismo (desde el siglo XIX hasta inicios del XXI). El artículo tiene como objetivo valorar la consideración jurídica de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el proceso de evolución del derecho constitucional.  Se obtiene una sistematización comparativa de la regulación constitucional de la infancia y la adolescencia.
Análisis de las aplicaciones móviles de destinos turísticos y su accesabilidad
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Ravina Ripoll Rafael
Published: August 2018

Los dispositivos móviles se han convertido en un elemento imprescindible en nuestra vida. Este hecho no puede pasar desapercibido por las marcas y los participantes del negocio empresarial, que ven una gran oportunidad para dirigirse a los consumidores, cumpliéndose así una de las máximas del marketing, en el que estos participantes deben estar donde están los consumidores. Esta oportunidad abre un amplio abanico de herramientas y estrategias para relacionarse, comunicarse y ofrecer un mayor valor a los consumidores a través del marketing móvil. En este nuevo concepto de negocio destaca la oferta de destinos turísticos, cuyas características son idóneas para ser tratado en este ámbito. Además, existe una diversidad de grupos sociales que navegan a través de las aplicaciones móviles, entre ellos las personas discapacitadas. Para que una persona discapacitada pueda acceder a los contenidos disponibles en este tipo de plataformas desde un dispositivo móvil, éste tiene que ser accesible. En este artículo consideramos de interés realizar un análisis de las principales aplicaciones móviles de destinos turísticos, tomando como referencia su accesibilidad, comprobando así sus características a través de varios factores.
El hecho y el hechizo juntos en la crónica
Authors: Escobar Froilán
Published: August 2018

El texto en cuestión, busca fundamentar que el nuevo periodismo, etiquetado así por Tom Wolfe en 1973, a partir de la traducción del título de su libro The New Journalism, de la editorial EW Johnson y reeditado después en español por la editorial Anagrama, no surgió en Estados Unidos como muchos creen, sino en Latinoamérica, con el grupo de poetas modernistas (Rubén Darío, José Martí, Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera y otros,) los cuales, con sus crónicas, dieron inicio a este discurso periodístico a finales del siglo XIX.
Caracterización de MYPES en el municipio de San Vicente
Authors: Chacón Monterrosa Luis Alfredo
Published: August 2018

La presente investigación consolida una serie de concepciones teóricas, desde los inicios y toma de importancia de las MYPES a nivel Internacional, hasta la definición de Latinoamérica y en específico para El Salvador. Las diferentes teorías y autores a lo largo del tiempo han ido cambiando hasta convertir al sector MYPES, como parte importante del desarrollo en los diferentes países y como potenciador de las industrias, dado que la experiencia ha demostrado que las grandes empresas inician como tal y se desarrollan con el tiempo, con las condiciones y el empuje de emprendedores visionarios.
Rutilio Grande : Lo social es de competencia de la iglesia
Authors: Gutiérrez Julio
Published: August 2018

Rutilio Grande : Lo social es de competencia de la iglesia, No. 31, junio-diciembre 2017.
La situación de El Salvador : antecedentes, evolución y retos
Authors: Dada Hirezi Héctor
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de la Fundación Heinrich Böll titulado Análisis de la situación de El Salvador desde la perspectiva económico-social y política: Lectura de la coyuntura a partir de la historia de las últimas décadas. No está centrado en la presentación exhaustiva de cifras, sino más bien se trata de una interpretación cualitativa de la realidad coyuntural del país a partir de los cambios registrados en las tres últimas décadas; el énfasis estará en la lectura política de la situación nacional. Las estadísticas se utilizarán en la medida en que sirven de fundamento a determinadas afirmaciones, o que expresan numéricamente la realidad que se describe.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 16, No.32, Enero-Mayo de 2018, pp.45-103
HIGH STANDARD MEANS WHAT STANDARD?
THE NEED OF INTRODUCING AN ACCREDITATION
SCHEME FOR POLISH MUSEUMS
Authors: de Rosset Alicja
Published: August 2018

In the Act on Museums, Chapter 3, the National
Register of Museums is pointed out as an official list to be
entered by those institutions which represent both a high
standard of their cultural activity and a great importance of
their collections. The relevant Ordinance – in accordance
with the Act – is to specify the manner in which the Register
should be run, the application form for candidates, the mode
and conditions of entering it, and the control procedures.
However, the Ordinance reveals neither the requirements
museums should meet nor the criteria of their assessment;
only the application form contains the range of issues which
are to be analysed. It is a bit like taking part in a contest
without the general terms. The categories used for the
evaluation are known from the application form, but there
is no reference to any goals, the museums should strive for,
or criteria that serve for their either positive or negative final
assessment. Even though the members of an evaluation
committee are distinguished specialists, who undoubtedly
are able to assess the standard of museum performance, an
assessment without criteria will always be purely subjective
and immeasurable. In countries like e.g. the United Kingdom
there are accreditation systems which allow to have the
high standard of museum performance certified. The
accreditation schemes that are officially in use specify the
requirements for museums in a clear manner, leaving no
doubt which constituent is being assessed and what criterion
is used for it. It also has a positive impact on unification of
management in museums, and indicates the direction they
should take for improving the quality of their performance.
These standards refer both to the strategic issues in relation
to the management of the museum as an organisation and
its collection, and to the experience it offers to their visitors.