bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Mental Health First Aid Training for Primary Health Care Nurses on Knowledge, Attitude and Referral of Mentally Ill Patients
Authors: Rentala Sreevani , Thimmajja Sunanda Govinder , Vasudevareddy Savitha S. , Srinivasan P. , Desai Mahesh
Published: December 2022

Increasing prevalence of mental illnesses worldwide, nurses' competence and preparedness in addressing patients' mental health needs urgent particular attention. However, nurses who receive general nursing training may have inadequate knowledge and beliefs about mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of short-term in-service training programme on improving nurses' knowledge and attitude related to prevention and first aid management of mental illnesses. A quantitative, quasiexperimental one group pre- and post-test design was carried out at a tertiary mental healthcare setting, Karnataka, with the sample consists of 50 registered nurses working at primary healthcare centres and Taluk hospitals located in North Karnataka, India. The results indicate a significant increase in the nurses knowledge (t =−15.70, P < 0.001) and favourable attitude (t = −2.63, P = 0.01) regarding the prevention and first aid management of mental illness among community. There was also a significant improvement in the referring of the cases to mental health care settings at 1 month after attending short-term in-service training programme on prevention and first aid management of mental illness. ((t = −14.23, P < 0.001). The study concludes that well-designed in-service training programme for a nurses not only improves the knowledge and attitude of the nurses but also improves referrals of the mentally ill patients to higher centres.
Nursing Care Needs Assessment of Persons with Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Devi L. Iris , Baruah Arunjyoti
Published: December 2022

Substance use is a major concern in many parts of the world. It affects people across all strata and classes. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the needs of patients with substance use disorder (SUD) and to synthesise the outcome from each of the cases. Five cases of inpatients admitted with diagnosis of SUD in a tertiary mental healthcare institute were selected through purposive sampling technique, and data were collected through observations, interviews and documents. Participants were the patients and their caregiver. Individual cases were analysed and their needs were identified in categories and finally the identified common needs were organised into broader themes. The themes that emerged were grouped into biological, physical health, social, familial, disease-related and psychological needs. These findings can be put to use to give effective care to patients with SUD and further interventions can be designed with these specific aspects in mind.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Care of Pre-term Babies
Authors: Kavitha K. , Patil Mallanagouda M. , Sikandar Basheerahamed J.
Published: December 2022

The impact of the pandemic on maternal and newborn health-care services is problematic given the target of sustainable developmental goals. The present review was undertaken to assess the status of pre-term care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature search was done using various databases. Standard guidelines were followed to extract, synthesise and report the findings. A total of 20 articles that met the selection criteria were included in the review. The recent research threw light on the decrease in antenatal care services and the increase in pre-term birth during the pandemic lockdown period. Pre-term babies are more vulnerable to infections and development-associated morbidities. During the beginning of the pandemic, there were no clear guidelines regarding the dos and don'ts of pre-term care and policies that were evidence-based that resulted in the disruption of routine care within a chaotic environment. Currently, child welfare agencies and governmental and non-governmental health-care organisations are undertaking vigorous research and providing updates on the care of pre-term babies. As updates on newborn care policies based on research emerged, the continuation of breastfeeding, promotion of rooming-in, hygienic practices, digital-based health care, counseling and follow-up care were advocated for promoting pre-term babies' health and reducing morbidity and mortality. Capacity-building of the health workforce in managing pre-term babies during the pandemic period is crucial. More research is warranted to face such kind of situations in the future also. Above all, there is an urgent need for multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary coordination in rendering essential services to the most vulnerable population i.e. pre-term babies.
Empathic Communication Skills
Authors: Rawat Rashmi , Sharma Suresh K , Gupta Ravi , Mohan Manisha , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2022

Healthcare industry has seen technological revolution in the strategies of treatment and care which has resulted in fading away of the value of human touch in delivering quality care. Empathy shown by nurses in their communication is still a foremost component driving the satisfaction with the care received by the patients. The present study is conducted with an aim to develop a validated video as an educational tool to teach empathic communication skills to nurses. A methodological design was used to develop video in three phases: Preproduction, production, and postproduction phase. Seven judges having expertise in the field has validated the video and 11 nurses have evaluated the understanding and comprehensiveness content of the video. Content validity index (CVI) was calculated for the video and mean and standard deviation was calculated for the understanding of the video by the target audience. The final version of the video is of 33 min in duration. All the aspects of the video have shown an agreement among the judges between 85% and 100% which is an acceptable range for an instrument to be valid. Furthermore, CVI of the video was calculated which came out to be 0.89 and evaluation of understanding of the content of the video by the participants has shown a mean score of 9.73 ± 0.467 indicating a good understanding of the video by the target audience. Educational video is found to be a valid tool to teach empathic communication skills for nurses. Video has a potential to be utilized as a teaching strategy as part of in-service nursing education on communication skills for nurse.
Role of impulse oscillometry in diagnosis and follow-up in bronchial asthma
Authors: Mandilwar Saurabh , Thorve Swapnil Manaji , Gupta Vishwas , Prabhudesai Pralhad
Published: December 2022

Background:

Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. Impulse oscillometry is a newer diagnostic modality for asthma. It is based on the measurement of sound waves reflected by airway resistance.

Objectives:

The aim of this article is to study the role of impulse oscillometry in diagnosis and follow-up of bronchial asthma.

Methods:

Fifty-five clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma patients were evaluated with spirometry and impulse oscillometry before and after 3 months of inhaled treatment. The sensitivity to diagnose and follow-up was compared using proper statistical tests.

Results:

Impulse oscillometry was superior to spirometry in diagnosing bronchial asthma and also in accessing the treatment response after 3 months.

Conclusion:

Impulse oscillometry is superior in predicting bronchial asthma and its parameters are also more sensitive in accessing treatment response. It can replace spirometry as it is easy to perform and effort independent.
Lung cancer in Asian Indian females
Authors: Iyer Hariharan , Ghosh Tamoghna , Garg Avneet , Agarwal Harsh , Jain Deepali , Pandey Rambha , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Kumar Rakesh , Vashistha Vishal , Tiwari Pawan , Mittal Saurabh , Hadda Vijay , Madan Karan , Guleria Randeep , Mohan Anant
Published: December 2022

Aim:

Globally, the incidence of lung cancer amongst women appears to be increasing. We aimed to compare the socio-epidemiological and clinical characteristics of lung cancer amongst men and women from a large cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

Methods:

Records of patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2008 and March 2020 were reviewed. Baseline epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, histologic profiles, treatment administered, and survival were compared between males and females.

Results:

A total of 2054 male and 438 female patients were included in analysis. Compared to males, female patients were younger [median age, 56 vs. 60 years, P < 0.001)], less likely to be working, less educated beyond secondary level and less likely to be smokers (29.1% vs. 84.9%, P < 0.0001). No difference in baseline performance status was observed. Females were more frequently diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (54.2% vs. 30.2%, P = <0.0001), stage IV disease (70.8% vs. 63%, P = 0.001), and had higher rate of EGFR mutation (37.2% vs. 21.5%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the proportion of females receiving cancer-specific therapy. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed higher progression-free survival [median 9.17 vs. 7.23 months; P = 0.007] and overall survival [median 13.80 vs. 9.10 months respectively, P = 0.001] amongst females compared to males.

Conclusion:

Amongst a large cohort of lung cancer, females demonstrated several distinct and characteristic demographics as well as disease-related features, especially better survival outcomes.
Valproic acid-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Himral Pratibha , Kashyap Surender
Published: December 2022

A 43-year-old male using valproic acid (VA) for 2 years for seizure disorder presented with right-sided moderate pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed exudative effusion with 42% eosinophils. There was no evidence of haemothorax, pneumothorax, malignancy, and parasitic infections. Suspecting a drug-related event, VA was discontinued. The patient showed clinical improvement with resolution of pleural effusion on chest radiograph three weeks later. VA is a popular drug used for variety of disorders like seizures, migraines, and schizophrenia. There is a paucity of literature on VA-induced pleural effusion. Though a rare phenomenon, clinicians should be aware of such a possibility to avoid erroneous diagnosis.
Ribavirin plus Interferon or Oseltamivir in Severe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection
Authors: Al-Zubairy Sulaiman A. , Alkhadhairi Eyad K. , Abuzaid Maram Maher
Published: December 2022

Background:

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is associated with significant mortality with no approved antiviral therapy.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of ribavirin and PEG-interferon α-2a (RIF), oseltamivir, and supportive care (SC) alone in MERS patients.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective cohort for all patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe symptomatic laboratory-confirmed MERS infection between September 2013 and February 2017. Patients were divided into two pairwise comparisons: RIF and oseltamivir combined (antivirals) vs. SC; and RIF vs. oseltamivir. The primary endpoint was 60-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV) and renal replacement therapy (RRT), and laboratory changes.

Results:

A total of 113 patients met the study inclusion criteria; 77 received antivirals (47 received RIF and 30 oseltamivir), and 36 SC. The 60-day mortality rate was 36% with antivirals vs. 50% with SC (P = 0.136), and 45% with RIF vs. 23% with oseltamivir (P = 0.092). The MV requirement was 42% with antivirals vs. 65% with SC (P = 0.083), and 54% with RIF vs. 27% with oseltamivir (P = 0.067). The RRT requirement was 29% with antivirals vs. 31% with SC (P = 0.943), and 40% with RIF vs. 14% with oseltamivir (P = 0.019). The median hemoglobin decrease with RIF was 4 g/dL vs. 1 with oseltamivir (P < 0.001); the WBC decrease with RIF was 1.3 vs. 0.2 with oseltamivir (P = 0.007); the blood glucose increase with RIF was 143 mg/dL vs. 89 with oseltamivir (P = 0.036), and the indirect bilirubin increase with RIF was 0.4 mg/dL vs. 0.3 with oseltamivir (P = 0.023).

Conclusions:

In this study, the use of RIF or oseltamivir in severe MERS infections did not significantly reduce 60-day mortality, nor the requirement for MV or RRT. Furthermore, the subgroup that received oseltamivir had more favorable renal, hepatic, and hematological outcomes than RIF. Larger, prospective, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Towards Misbehavior Intelligent Detection Using Guided Machine Learning in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET)
Authors: Slama Omessaad , Alaya Bechir , Zidi Salah
Published: December 2022

C-ITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems) est une nouvelle technologie qui contribue à la réduction des accidents de la circulation et à l'amélioration de la sécurité routière. VANET ( V ehicular A d hoc Networks) sont un système STI basé sur la communication inter-véhicules par la transmission de messages de sécurité de base (BSM), qui sont vulnérables à une variété de comportements inappropriés. Pour résoudre ce défi, nous avons développé dans cet article un système de détection de mauvais comportement (MDS) basé sur une approche d'apprentissage automatisé pour identifier et catégoriser les messages de mauvais comportement délivrés par un véhicule sur les VANET à l'aide de la base de données d'extension VeReMi. Cette étude examine différents types de classification : dans la classification binaire, toutes sortes d'inconduites ont été regroupées en une seule catégorie « inconduite » ; cependant, dans la classification multi-classes pour trois classes, la mauvaise conduite a été divisée en deux classes : les attaques et les fautes. Le classificateur a des problèmes substantiels lors de l'apprentissage à partir de données déséquilibrées wLorsque vous travaillez avec des problèmes multi-classes, cela devient considérablement plus complexe. Les relations entre les catégories ne sont plus bien définies et il est facile de perdre en efficacité dans une classe tout en s'améliorant dans une autre. En conséquence, les résultats ne sont pas cohérents dans l'approche d'apprentissage classique pour la classification multi-classes lors de la classification des comportements répréhensibles dans différents types de classes de comportements répréhensibles. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons développé une approche nouvelle et puissante appelée "Approche d'apprentissage guidé pour la classification multi-classes" pour réduire le nombre de classes en combinant des comportements inappropriés comparables en un seul. Selon les résultats, le classificateur Random Forest surpasse les autres classificateurs.
Hambatan Penyelidikan Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Sula Ibrahim Pandu
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan teknologi dengan salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah teknologi bersumbangsi memberikan kemudahan informasi dan transaksi elektronik atau ITE melalui akses media sosial yang dalam praktiknya digunakan untuk melakukan tindak pidana penghinaan. Salah satu bentuk penghinaan adalah pencemaran nama baik. Tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik dalam penegakan hukumnya pada wilayah hukum Polres Alor terkesan lambat dan tidak optimal, hal ini dikarenakan terkendala dengan hambatan penyidik dalam melakukan penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Permasalahan yang dikaji yaitu mengenai apa sajakah hambatan dalam proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan yang ditemui oleh Kepolisian Resort Alor dan bagaimana upaya menindaklanjuti hambatan tersebut sebagai bentuk tanggungjawab keberlanjutan proses hukum. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hambatan sekaligus memberikan solusi yang berkorelasi dalam proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian, terdapat dua belas hambatan dalam sistem peradilan pidana pada tahapan penyelidikan dan penyidikan di Kepolisian Resort Alor, yang kemudian peneliti membaginya dalam tiga klasifikasi yakni Klasifikasi pertama hambatan prosedural, Klasifikasi kedua hambatan internal, dan Klasifikasi ketiga hambatan eksternal. Berkaitan dengan solusi dalam menindaklanjuti hambatan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan konsep solusi hambatan secara prosedural, konsep solusi hambatan internal, konsep solusi hambatan eksternal, dan konsep solusi sistem pengawasan. Kesimpulan dari analisis dalam pembahasan setelah hambatan diklasifikasi dalam  tiga bentuk berdasarkan kondisi dan keadaan, maka saran adalah selain solusi yang berhubungan dengan hambatan, sekaligus menjadi kontribusi pemikiran yang dapat bersumbangsi dalam pembenahan pelaksanaan proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan yang ideal dengan bercirikan profesional dan independensi dalam sistem peradilan pidana khusus pada Kepolisian Resort Alor.
Labor Market Outcomes of Vocational High Schools (SMK) and General High Schools (SMA) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Astuti Nurul Fajri Vidi , Setyonaluri Diahhadi
Published: December 2022

The fourth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopts a lifelong learning approach to education and introduces vocational and tertiary education into the global agenda. While Vocational Education and Training (VET) was almost absent in previous international development frameworks, the agenda 2030 and its SDGs highlight greater importance to it. Consequently, many governments in developing countries promote vocational secondary education to improve labor market outcomes. This study aimed to determine the development of return on investment for Vocational High Schools (SMK) and Senior High Schools (SMA) in 2020. The data used the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) data with Two-Step Heckman and the Mincer Revenue Function. As a result, in 2020, the return on investment in vocational education was 16.82% higher than the rate of return on investment in high school education. However, observed by the age group, the results show that SMK only provides an initial wage advantage for men, which then declines with age. Although male SMK graduates experienced poorer results, female SMK graduates did not experience the same decline.
Features of the implementation of inclusive education: The role of the teacher
Authors: Klochko Oksana , Pohoda Olena , Rybalko Petro , Kravchenko Anatoly , Tytovych Andrii , Kondratenko Viktoriia
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the professional activity of a teacher in the conditions of an inclusive educational space, in particular, the special training of a teacher as an integral component of this process. Emphasis is placed on the cooperation of teachers in an inclusive educational institution for the socialization of a child with special needs and her preparation for independent life.
USER ACCEPTANCE OF CYBER SECURITY APPLICATION (OUR CYBERHERO) AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS, TEACHERS AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN COASTAL TERENGGANU DISTRICT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR MARITIME EDUCATION
Authors: MOHD NOOR MARHAINI , Hj. Johan Shah Mohamed Aiman Shah , Mohd Zamri Nur Syahzanani Hani
Published: December 2022

This paper is based on knowledge transfer program to improve cyber security awareness among the coastal community in Kuala Terengganu with the use of Our CyberHero application. Thus, this paper introduces the application and adapt Technology Acceptance Model in maritime education settings. A series of these knowledge transfer programs can to some extent address this knowledge gap. This research has conducted a survey to the 59 coastal communities in Terengganu District. This program is a pilot project to the cyber security application Our CyberHero and is divided into two phases. The first phase was held a webinar on the importance of cyber security sustainability in today’s society. While the second phase gives exposure to the use of cyber security applications. This involves collaboration from the Educational Resources and Technology Sector, the Terengganu State Education Department, the Communications and Multimedia Commission and Cybersecurity Malaysia. The stakeholders involved were 24 high school students, 12 teachers and 23 communities from the coastal state of Terengganu. All 36 stakeholders are made up of 12 secondary schools that were selected as pioneers for the knowledge transfer program. Thus, the 23 other communities are besides the school children and the teachers. Acceptance of the use of cyber security application is very encouraging among students and teachers of coastal secondary schools in the Terengganu district. The 85% of the users feel easy to use the application as the module is easy to understand and friendly user. Therefore, the users feel confidence to use and share information widely (65%). With the high confidence level and understanding of the application, the users tend to trust the application system and the other users (59%). As a result, 57% users are intended to use Our CyberHero application and 52% of the users also feel the application is useful.
9 Haziran 2022 Erzincan Seli
Authors: BEKAR Özgür Aydın , AKPINAR Erdal
Published: December 2022

Erzincan’da 9 Haziran 2022 tarihinde ikindi sularında başlayan dolu ile karışık şiddetli sağanak yağmur ve yamaçları örten dolunun hızla erimesiyle harekete geçen sular sele zemin hazırlamıştır. Tespitlerimize göre yağmur suları Esence Dağları’nın güney yamaçlarındaki gevşek malzemeyi yerinden oynatmış, kabaran sular yer yer iri kayaçları da önüne katarak sele dönüşmüştür. Sel, ekseriyetle yaz mevsiminde kuruyan Maden ve Korlun dereleri gibi Serçe Boğazı civarındaki periyodik akarsuların vadilerini aşarak ovaya yönelmelerinden kaynaklanmıştır. Genel olarak çamur akıntısı şeklinde gerçekleşen sel, özellikle şehir merkezinde hayatı olumsuz yönde etkilemiş, başta ana arterler olmak üzere ulaşımı aksatmış, bazı konutları su basmış, caddeler ve kaldırımlar çamur ve balçıkla kaplanmıştır. Eskiden köy yerleşmesi olup, yakın tarihte mahalleye dönüştürülerek Erzincan’a bağlanan Işıkpınar, Demirkent, Kurutilek ve Başpınar’da yollar, meskenler ve tarım arazileri sular altında kalmış, hayatın akışı olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışmada 9 Haziran 2022 tarihli Erzincan seline dair saha gözlemlerimize dayalı olarak elde ettiğimiz bulgular tartışılmış, analiz edilmiş ve bundan sonra yörede bu tür afetler yaşanmaması için alınması gereken önlemler üzerinde durulmuştur.
VUK/MSUGT, TMS/TFRS VE BOBİ FRS KAPSAMINDA FİNANSAL KİRALAMA İŞLEMLERİNİN MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ
Authors: YENİSU Ersin
Published: December 2022

Finansal kiralama Batı’da yüz yılı aşkın bir süredir Türkiye’de ise son otuz yıldır yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Finans literatürüne göre geleneksel finansman teknikleri öz sermayeyle ve borçlanmayla finansmandır. Finansal kiralama ise geleneksel finansman yöntemlerine ek olarak ortaya çıkan modern finansal araçlardan biridir. Modern finansal araçlar hem finans tekniği açısından yenilikler sunmakta hem de muhasebeleştirme süreçlerinde güncellemeleri gerektirmektedir. Genel olarak değerlendirilirse çalışmada temel üç düzenleme açısından finansal kiralama işleminin hesaplama mantığının benzer olduğu fakat muhasebe hesap kalemleri açısından tanımlama farklılıkları olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmayla ulaşılan bilgilere göre finansal kiralama işlemi modern ekonomiler için önemli bir finansman tekniğidir ve Türkiye’de girişimciler yöntemin uygulanması konusunda daha fazla bilgilendirilmelidirler.
LEUKEMOID REACTION AS A MARKER OF ACUTE SURGICAL PATHOLOGY (A CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Timofeeva Natalya Yu. , Stomenskaya Irina S. , Kostrova Olga Yu. , Zimina Olga V.
Published: December 2022

The most accessible method for diagnosing various pathological processes is a complete blood cell count. It can reveal, in particular, such changes in the white hematopoietic lineage as leukocytosis and leukopenia. the causes of leukocytosis are very diverse. the most dangerous among them are leukemias and leukemoid reactions. in doubtful cases, additional methods of clinical examination are counting the differential white blood cell count and determining inflammation markers. Leukemoid reactions can develop against the background of sepsis, peritonitis, oncological diseases and severe infectious processes. This article presents a clinical case of leukemoid reaction in acute surgical pathology. the high point of the event was intestinal necrosis, which was manifested by corresponding symptoms and signs and a change in the complete blood cell count. the correctness of the diagnosis was proved by rapid normalization of the patient's white blood parameters after the surgical intervention.
ON THE ISSUE OF LIVER BIOPSY IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLICALLY ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Venidiktova Daria Yu. , Borsukov Aleksey V.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibility of replacing liver biopsy with other methods of examination in patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease. All patients were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm consisting of four stages: physical, laboratory, instrumental (using non-invasive bioimpedansometry, multiparametric ultrasound examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the "Whole body" mode, computer and magnetic resonance imaging), histological (evaluation of liver micropreparations on the SAF scale). the patients were divided into three groups, taking into account the results of histological examination of biopsies on the SAF scale: group 1 – patients with hepatic steatosis without signs of inflammation, fibrosis (n = 56, 53.9%); group 2 – patients with steatohepatitis and clinically insignificant hepatic fibrosis F0-F1 (n = 30, 28.8%); group 3 – patients with steatohepatitis and clinically significant liver fibrosis F2-F3 (n = 16, 15.4%). the correlation of findings obtained by the histological examination of liver biopsies and the data of ultrasound quantitative liver steatometry is high – r = 0.95 (for liver steatosis S1), r = 0.84 (for liver steatosis S2), r = 0.91 (for liver steatosis S3); ultrasonic shear wave elastography – r = 0.84 (for clinically insignificant liver fibrosis F0-F1), r = 0.88 (for clinically significant liver fibrosis F2-F3). the data obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the "Whole Body" mode quantitatively reflect the state of the patient's metabolic status, they can be evaluated in dynamics due to low radiation load. Thus, the diagnostic complex consisting of assessing the level of hepatic transaminases, multiparametric ultrasound examination and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the "Whole body" mode is optimal to examine the patients who have contraindications to liver biopsy or completely refuse to pass this study. in case of the patient's consent, absence of contraindications, as well as in the presence of a number of diffuse liver diseases, histological examination is recommended to identify and to assess in detail the dystrophic, inflammatory, sclerotic, regenerative processes.
THE NUMBER OF MAST CELLS AND MACROPHAGES IN CHRONIC GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Speranskaya Ekaterina M. , Saleeva Albina F. , Golubtsova Natalya N.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work was to study the number of mast cells and macrophages of the gingival lamina propria in young people in chronic inflammation. as a result of the study, new data were obtained on the distribution of mast cells and macrophages in the gum without inflammation. It is for the first time that the effect of microbial inflammation and laser therapy on resident cells of the connective gingival tissue is studied, those cells are part of the oral mucosal immune system, depending on the age. Gingival biopsy material obtained according to dental indications in patients aged 20–40 years was used in the work. CD68+ macrophages were detected by immunohistochemical method, the number and secretory activity of gingival mast cells were evaluated by staining with toluidine blue. The results of the conducted examinations showed that in parodontitis, the number of macrophages and degranulating mast cells in the connective tissue of the gingival lamina propria increases. the use of a diode laser in chronic parodontitis has an effect on the increase in the number of macrophages and gingival mast cells, but not on the degranulation process of mast cells.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES ON ADAPTATION OF EMPLOYEES IN SMALL BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
Authors: Babeshkova Ekaterina V. , Zhamkova Tatiana G.
Published: December 2022

Adaptation of an employee in an organization in modern conditions is becoming increasingly relevant. Digital competencies gain particular importance in the process of adaptation, since in any modern organization it is impossible for an employee to adapt effectively and fully without a certain set of skills and knowledge required to perform labor actions using digital technologies. The article is devoted to the study of adaptation programs for employees of the Chuvash Republic organizations and to the study of the influence of IT competence level on the adaptation process. The aim of the study is to evaluate the hypothesis that there is a dependence between the speed of adaptation and the level of IT competence command in small and microbusiness trade and production organizations of the Chuvash Republic. Research methods employed are a survey, the study of documentation on employees’ adaptation in the organization, testing digital skills and competencies with subsequent analysis and systematization of the results. The result of the study is identification of a direct correlation between adaptation speed and the level of IT competences command, which is important to take into account when selecting personnel and when developing and improving adaptation programs.
Submandibular Mass Excision in an Asian Population: A 10-year Review
Authors: Chua Dennis YK , Chan KO , Lu Kuo Sun
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of submandibular gland neoplasia in an Asian population with a Western population and to evaluate the accuracy of fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed tomography (CT) scan in the study of submandibular gland pathologies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a 10-year retrospective review of 101 submandibular mass excisions. Data on the demographic profile of patients, clinical features, correlation of fi ne needle aspiration cytology, CT scans and histology and morbidities related to surgery were collected. Results: The prevalence of submandibular gland neoplasia was 27.1%. Most (78.9%) of these were benign. FNAC and CT scans were accurate for benign neoplasia. However, the accuracy of FNAC and CT scans for sialadenitis without sialolithiasis was low. Conclusion: The prevalence of submandibular gland malignancy was lower in the Asian population. FNAC and CT scans were accurate for benign neoplasia of the submandibular gland.

Key words: CT scan, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Submandibular gland diseases, Surgery
Health-related Quality of Life in Children with Cancer Undergoing Treatment: A First Look at the Singapore Experience
Authors: Pek Jen Heng , Chan Yiong-Huak , Yeoh Allen EJ , Quah Thuan Chong , Tan Poh Lin , Aung LeLe
Published: December 2022

Introduction: With intensive chemotherapy and increased survival, quality of life in our paediatric population is of increasing concern. The aim of this study was to assess the children’s quality of life during the treatment process. Materials and Methods: Patients between the ages of 7 and 18 years old who are undergoing cancer treatment in the Division of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health System, were identified. The child self-reported his/her health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the PedsQL Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Cancer module as a validated assessment tool. Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled over a 3-week period in November 2007. The median age was 11 years (range, 7 to 17). There was 1 non-responder (3%). Fourteen (45%) boys and 17 (55%) girls were interviewed. There were 8 (26%) and 23 (74%) patients with solid and haematologic malignancies, respectively. For the Cognitive Problem Dimension score, 86% of patients with haematologic malignancy and 50% of those with solid malignancy scored below the 75th percentile (82), [OR 0.72 (0.01-0.8), P = 0.03]. For the Physical Health Summary score, patients with solid malignancy scored worse, 25% below the 10th percentile, as compared to 4.3% of patients with haematologic malignancy. This is reflected by a worse Pain and Hurt Dimension score for patients with solid malignancy. For the Perceived Appearance Dimension score, patients with solid malignancy (75%) scored lower than the median score (67) compared to those with haematologic malignancy (44%). Conclusions: The domains of HRQOL are affected to different extents for the patients with solid and those with haematologic malignancy. This is most likely to be due to the differences in treatment strategies and clinical course. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the effects of treatment on HRQOL and take practical steps to address these issues.

Key words: Childhood cancer, Self-reported health and well-being
Evaluation of the Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Collection Method as a Tool for Detection of HIV Ag/Ab, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV in a Malaysian Tertiary Referral Hospital
Authors: Lee Chee Eng , Sri Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Syed Omar Sharifah Faridah , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Ong Lai Yee , Kamarulzaman Adeeba
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Dried blood spot (DBS) collection is an appealing alternative to whole blood or plasma sampling, as it has technical and economic advantages over the latter. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a Malaysian tertiary referral hospital from November 2009 to March 2010. One hundred and fifty paired specimens of DBS and plasma were analysed by the standard assays for HIV Ag/Ab, HBsAg, anti-HBS and anti-HCV, separately (total 600 paired specimens). DBS sample titres were then compared to the results of plasma testing, which was used as the gold standard. Results: For the HIV Ag/Ab assay with a cut-off point of 0.35 Relative Light Units (RLUs), the sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. For the HBsAg assay, the sensitivity was 96.5% and the specificity was 97.8%, with a cut-off point of 1.72 RLUs. Sensitivity for the anti-HBs test was 74.2% and the specificity was 86.9%, using a cut-off point of 0.635 RLUs. For the anti-HCV assay, the sensitivity was 97.3% and the specificity was 100%, with a cut-off point of 0.10 RLUs. Conclusion: DBS is an ideal choice to be used as a screening tool for the detection of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infections. However, different cut-off values need to be used for the validation of test positivity in DBS samples because the small amount of blood in the DBS specimens leads to lower assay titres.

Key words: Anti-HBs, Anti-HCV, dried blood spot (DBS), HBsAg, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Ag/Ab
KCNQ1 Variants Associate with Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysian Malay Subjects
Authors: Saif-Ali Riyadh , Muniandy Sekaran , Al-Hamodi Zaid , Lee Cheng Siang , Ahmed Khaled A , Al-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam M , Ismail Ikram Shah
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) candidate gene: potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1 (KCNQ1) was suggested by conducting a genome wide association study (GWAS) in Japanese population. Association studies have been replicated among East Asian populations; however, the association between this gene and T2D in Southeast Asian populations still needs to be studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of KCNQ1 common variants with type 2 diabetes in Malaysian Malay subjects. Materials and Methods: The KCNQ1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2237892, rs2283228, and rs2237895 were genotyped in 234 T2D and 177 normal Malay subjects. Results: The risk allele of the rs2283228 (A) was strongly associated with T2D (OR = 1.7, P = 0.0006) while the rs2237892 (C) was moderately associated with T2D (OR = 1.45, P = 0.017). The recessive genetic models showed that rs2283228 was strongly associated with T2D (OR = 2.35, P = 0.00005) whereas rs2237892 showed a moderate association with T2D (OR = 1.69, P = 0.01). The haplotype block (TCA), which contained the protective allele, correlated with a protection from T2D (OR = 0.5, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the diplotype (CAA-TCA) that contained the protective haplotype was protected against T2D (OR = 0.46, P = 0.006). Conclusion: The KCNQ1 SNPs, haplotypes and diplotypes are associated with T2D in the Malaysian Malay subjects.

Key words: Diplotypes, Haplotypes, KCNQ1, SNPs, Type 2 diabetes
Dengue Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Primary Care Physicians in Singapore
Authors: Lee Linda K , Thein Tun Linn , Kurukularatne Changa , Gan Victor CH , Lye David C , Leo Yee Sin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Dengue fever remains a significant public health concern in Singapore. Appropriate, timely diagnosis and risk stratification for severe disease are crucial in the optimal management of this illness. In the outpatient setting, the primary care physician plays a key role in dengue diagnosis, management, and triage. We present a descriptive analysis of the variations in dengue knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary care physicians (PCPs) in Singapore. Materials and Methods: A survey of 25 multiple-choice questions was mailed to 2000 PCPs in Singapore. Responses were analysed by physician age group (21-40, 41-60, and >61) and practice setting (government subsidised polyclinic or private practice). Results: Of the 3 questions assessing dengue knowledge, 89.9% chose 2 or 3 of the preferred responses. Half of the respondents utilised dengue diagnostic tests at least 50% of the time, and 75% used serology when doing so. Older respondents and those from private practices used diagnostic tests more often than their counterparts, and both groups favoured non-serology tests. About 85% of surveyed PCPs monitored confirmed or suspected cases daily, and one-third referred patients to a hospital always or often. Conclusions: While no major gaps in knowledge about dengue were identified in PCPs in Singapore, there were significant variations in clinical practice by physician age group and practice setting. The results of this survey provide a useful opportunity to identify strengths and areas in need of improved awareness in primary care management of dengue. Key words: Arbovirus, Guidelines, General practice, Ambulatory care
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Young Patients is Associated with Poorer Prognosis
Authors: Lee Lui Shiong , Yuen John SP , Sim Hong Gee
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in young patients is uncommon but thought to represent a distinctive clinical entity from older patients with different clinico-pathologic features and outcomes. We evaluated the association of age at the time of diagnosis with pathological staging, histological parameters, disease recurrence and overall survival (OS) following radical or partial nephrectomy for non-metastatic RCC in native kidneys. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 316 patients with RCC after nephrectomy at a single institution between January 2001 and June 2008 was performed. Eligible patients included all histologically proven primary non-metastatic RCC treated by radical or partial nephrectomy. They were categorised into group A (≤40 years at diagnosis) and B (>40 years). Differences in clinical parameters were analysed using the Mann Whitney U test. The prognostic potential of age at diagnosis was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: There were 33 patients in group A and 283 patients in group B. There were more non-clear cell tumours in the younger group (30% vs 14%, P <0.05). No statistical differences were found in the stage and grade of both groups. At a median follow-up time of 41 months, the younger group had a higher metastatic rate (18% vs 10.5%, P <0.05), lower 5-year cancer-specific survival (82% vs 98%, P <0.05) and lower 5-year OS (82 % vs 95%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Younger patients were more likely to have non-clear cell RCC with higher disease recurrence and lower OS. They should not be assumed to have similar features and outcomes as screen-detected early RCC in older patients.

Key words: Age, Cancer recurrence, Overall survival, Renal cell carcinoma, Nephrectomy
Bilgisayar Oyunlarının Temel Değerleri Kazandırma Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: ELİTOK KESİCİ Ayşe , PAYZA Türkü
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı deney grubu ile kontrol grubunun değerler edinimi açısından aralarında anlamlı farklılık olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada uzaktan eğitim sürecinin değer edinimine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı resmi bir ortaokulda 2020-2021 yılında ortaokul 5. sınıfa devam eden ve dönem içerisinde yıllık olarak seçmeli okuma becerileri dersi gören gönüllü 100 öğrenciye ( 50 deney ve 50 kontrol grubu) 16 saatlik seçmeli okuma becerileri dersinde yarı deneysel araştırma uygulanmıştır. Deney grubunda Word Wall Dijital Oyun uygulaması ile dersler işlenmiş, kontrol grubunda mevcut programa göre derslere devam edilmiştir. Araştırma nitel destekli yarı deneysel bir çalışmadır.Veriler nicel araştırma boyutunda `Değerler Eğitimi Etkinlik Ölçeği` yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmada gruplar bir deney ve bir kontrol grubu desenine göre oluşturulmuş, gerçek deneme modellerinden “Ön Test-Son Test Kontrol Gruplu Deneme Modeli” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri; değerler eğitimi etkinliklerine ait dokümanlar, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen görüşme ve gözlem formları ve kişisel bilgiler formu ile toplanmış veriler içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda öğrencilere çeşitli değerler kazandırmada bilgisayar destekli oyunun etkililiği ortaya konmuştur. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda öğrencilere değer edindirmede bilgisayar destekli oyunların kullanımı önerilebilir.
STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI MEDIA BERGAMBAR
Authors: Nirmalasari Susanti , Lubis Khairuddin
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui stimulasi kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini melalui media gambar apakah efisien atau tidak dilakukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimilki oleh anak yaitu kemampuan bahasa anak dimana dalam kemampuan berbahasa itu terdapat aspek berbicara anak. Kegiatan berbicara menggunakan media gambar yang bervariasi dapat menarik dan mampu memotivasi minat anak dikarenakan media gambar dapat membantu dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara anak. Maka media gambar merupakan salah satu media yang dapat menstimulasi dalam mengembangkan kemampuan  berbicara Anak Usia Dini. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literature yang mana tekhnik pengumpulan datanya dengan mengolah dan menganalisis sumber reverensi ataupun jurnal ilmiah sehubungan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Analisis datanya adalah dengan menghubungkan permasalahan dengan teori yang sudah dibuku atau jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh media gambar sangat efisien dan cocok digunakan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Hasibuan Rahmadani
Published: December 2022

Kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan proses komunikasi antara siswa dengan guru. Di dalam komunikasi tersebut guru menyampaikan pengetahuannya dan pengalamannya kepada siswa agar pengetahuan tersebut dapat dimiliki oleh siswa. Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu unsur penunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran, dan memberikan kemudahan bagi guru dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran. Media memiliki peran dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Dengan demikian semakin menarik media pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh seorang guru maka akan semakin tinggi pula tingkat motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penggunaan media audio visual dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Siswa-siswi lebih memahami karena disajikan melalui gambar, poster, atensi siswa juga berfokus pada pembelajaran, dengan durasi waktu 45 menit penggunaan media audio visual sangat efektif dan efisien dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dibuktikan dengan nilai hasil belajar siswa berada pada katpeggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual di SMP Swasta Sidikalang berjalan cukup baik.
ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK, MENTAL, DAN EMOSI DALAM KESIAPAN DAN PROSES BELAJAR ANAK
Authors: Tanfidiyah Nur
Published: December 2022

Pedidikan merupakan lembaga yang memiliki peran penting dalam kemajuan suatu negara. Sebab didalamnya terdapat manusia-manusia pembelajar yang ditempa dengan berbagai ilmu pengetahuan dan akhlakul karimah. Harapannya akan mengembangkan dan memunculkan genarasi-genarasi bangsa yang turut mengembangkan negara Indonesia menjadi negara yang maju. Sejalan dengan hal itu, segala proses pendidikan demi terbentuknya peserta didik yang berkualitas, harus memperhatikan faktor-faktor kesiapan dan proses belajar anak, diantaranya kondisi fisik, mental, dan emosi. Ketiga hal ini cukup berpengaruh dan saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Ketika tubuh atau fisik dalam kondisi yang baik atau sehat, maka anak dapat melakukan aktivitas dengan maksimal, yaitu mampu menggunakan seluruh pancaindranya dalam proses belajar. Sementara kondisi mental yang baik akan menciptakan pikiran yang positif dan sehat. Selain itu, dengan mental yang baik, anak dapat menyesuaikan dengan kondisi lingkungan  dan mampu belajar dalam kondisi apapun.
STIMULASI PENINGKATAN NILAI AGAMA DAN AKHLAK PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Nirmalasari Susanti , Siregar Nur Asiyah
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki latar belakang bahwa stimulasi peningkatan nilai agama dan akhlah pada anak usia dini merupakan hal yang penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak, karena semakin dini stimulasi yang diberikan, maka perkembangan anak akan semakin baik. Semakin banyak stimulasi yang diberikan maka pengetahuan anak akan menjadi luas sehingga perkembangan anak semakin optimal. Sebaliknya, jika anak tidak pernah diberi stimulasi maka menyebabkan perkembangan anak menjadi terhambat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yang penelitiannya mencakup sumber data, pengumpulan data, dan analisis data disusun menggunakan kajian pustaka, yaitu mengumpulkan data atau karya tulis ilmiah yang bertujuan dengan obyek penelitian atau pengumpulan data yang berpersifat kepustakaan. Penelitian ini fokus kepada stimulasi peningkatan nilai agama dan akhlak yang diberikan kepada anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stimulasi peningkatan nilai agama dan akhlak anak usia dini yang efektif terdapat beberapa aspek diantaranya yaitu: 1. Menstimulasi aspek perkembangan emosi, 2. Menstimulasi aspek Perkembangan sosial, 3. Menstimulasi aspek perkembangan kognitif, 4. Menstimulasi aspek perkembangan spiritual, 5. Menstimulasi aspek perkembangan motorik/kinestetik.