bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Provides Protection against a Subsequent Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Hartwig Stacey M , Miller Ann M , Varga Steven M
Published: January 2022

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The presence of multiple heterologous virus infections is routinely observed in a subset of individuals screened for the presence of respiratory viruses. However, the impact overlapping infections has on disease severity and the host immune response is not well understood. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) are two of the most common respiratory infections observed in hospitalized patients, particularly in the very young and aged populations. In this study, we examined how the order in which BALB/c mice were infected with both RSV and IAV impacts disease severity. RSV infection prior to an IAV infection was associated with decreased weight loss and increased survival as compared with IAV infection alone. In contrast, IAV infection prior to an RSV infection was associated with similar morbidity and mortality as compared with an IAV infection alone. Our results suggest that the order in which viral infections are acquired plays a critical role in the outcome of disease severity and the host immune response.
IL-33 Coordinates Innate Defense to Systemic Candida albicans Infection by Regulating IL-23 and IL-10 in an Opposite Way
Authors: Nguyen Nu Z N , Tran Vuvi G , Baek Jiyeon , Kim Younghee , Youn Eun H , Na Seung W , Park Sang J , Seo Su-Kil , Kwon Byungsuk
Published: January 2022

Invasive candidiasis has high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients, causing serious health problems. In mouse models, innate immunity protects the host by rapidly mobilizing a variety of resistance and tolerance mechanisms to systemic Candida albicans infection. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous IL-33 regulates multiple steps of innate immunity involving resistance and tolerance processes. In this study, we systematically analyzed the in vivo functions of endogenous IL-33 using Il33−/− mice and in vitro immune cell culture. Tubular epithelial cells mainly secreted IL-33 in response to systemic C. albicans infection. Il33−/− mice showed increased mortality and morbidity, which were due to impaired fungal clearance. IL-33 initiated an innate defense mechanism by costimulating dendritic cells to produce IL-23 after systemic C. albicans infection, which in turn promoted the phagocytosis of neutrophils through secretion of GM-CSF by NK cells. The susceptibility of Il33−/− mice was also associated with increased levels of IL-10, and neutralization of IL-10 resulted in enhanced fungal clearance in Il33−/− mice. However, depletion of IL-10 overrode the effect of IL-33 on fungal clearance. In Il10−/− mouse kidneys, MHC class II+F4/80+ macrophages were massively differentiated after C. albicans infection, and these cells were superior to MHC class II−F4/80+ macrophages that were preferentially differentiated in wild-type mouse kidneys in killing of extracellular hyphal C. albicans. Taken together, our results identify IL-33 as critical early regulator controlling a serial downstream signaling events of innate defense to C. albicans infection.
Fewer LAG-3+ T Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jones Britta E , Maerz Megan D , Bahnson Henry T , Somasundaram Ashwin , McCarthy Lucas H , Speake Cate , Buckner Jane H
Published: January 2022

The coinhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates T cell activation, proliferation, and homeostasis. Blockade or deletion of LAG-3 in autoimmune-prone backgrounds or induced-disease models has been shown to exacerbate disease. We observed significantly fewer LAG-3+ CD4 and CD8 T cells from subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and type 1 diabetes. Low LAG-3 protein expression was linked to alterations in mRNA expression and not cell surface cleavage. Functional studies inhibiting LAG-3 suggest that in subjects with RRMS, LAG-3 retains its ability to suppress T cell proliferation. However, LAG-3 expression was associated with the expression of markers of apoptosis, indicating a role for low LAG-3 in T cell resistance to cell death. In T cells from subjects with RRMS, we observed a global dysregulation of LAG-3 expression stemming from decreased transcription and persisting after T cell stimulation. These findings further support the potential clinical benefits of a LAG-3 agonist in the treatment of human autoimmunity.
The effect of ultrasound-guided bilateral thoracic retrolaminar block on analgesia after pediatric open cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled double-blind study
Authors: Abdelbaser Ibrahim , Mageed Nabil A. , Elfayoumy Sherif I. , Magdy Mohamed , Elmorsy Mohamed M. , ALseoudy Mahmoud M.
Published: January 2022

Background: The thoracic retrolaminar block (TRLB) is a relatively new regional analgesia technique that can be used as an alternative to the thoracic paravertebral block. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative analgesia effects of ultrasound-guided TRLB in children undergoing open cardiac surgery via median sternotomy incision.Methods: Sixty-six patients aged 2–8 years were recruited. In the TRLB group, 0.25% bupivacaine 0.4 ml/kg was injected into the retrolaminar space on both sides at the level of the T4 lamina. Patients in the control group were injected with 0.9% saline. The primary outcome measure was fentanyl consumption in the first 24 h post-extubation. The secondary outcome measures were the total intraoperative fentanyl consumption, postoperative modified objective pain score (MOPS), and time to extubation.Results: The total intraoperative fentanyl requirements and fentanyl consumption in the first 24 h post-extubation were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the TRLB group (9.3 ± 1.2; 6.9 ± 2.1 μg/kg, respectively) than in the control group (12.5 ± 1.4; 16.6 ± 2.8, respectively). The median (Q1, Q3) time to extubation was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) in the TRLB group (2 [1, 3] h) than in the control group (6 [4.5, 6] h). The MOPS was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the TRLB group than in the control group at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h post-extubation.Conclusions: Bilateral ultrasound-guided TRLB is effective in providing postoperative analgesia in children undergoing open cardiac surgery via median sternotomy incision.
Representations of Roman Catholic religious sisters’ responses to COVID-19 in the Zambian media
Authors: Mwale Nelly
Published: January 2022

Despite the growing visibility of religious women’s responses to COVID-19 in the media, the discourses of religion and the pandemic in emerging scholarship were preoccupied with the responses of churches to COVID-19, and neglected the contributions of religious women to the pandemic in Zambia. This article, therefore, explores the interface between religion and COVID-19 through the representations of the responses of Roman Catholic religious sisters to the pandemic, in the media in Zambia, from a religious health asset (RHA) perspective. The study drew on two objectives, namely, to describe the representations of Roman Catholic religious sisters’ responses to COVID-19 in the media; and to explain the nature of the Roman Catholic religious sisters’ responses to the pandemic as represented in the media with a focus on the utilisation of RHAs. It drew on an interpretive case study in which data were collected through content analysis. It shows that the responses of the religious sisters were covered more in Catholic related media. These responses ranged from providing key COVID-19 messages, integrating COVID-19 in the existing programmes to providing basic equipment and food to the needy communities as shaped by the utilisation of RHAs at their disposal, and as informed by their prophetic mission. The article argues that the Roman Catholic religious sisters’ responses to the pandemic affirmed women’s active roles in combating the pandemic.Contribution: The article’s contribution lies in adding the narratives of women’s contributions to the pandemic in the early stages of the outbreak of COVID-19 to women theologies scholarship in Africa. And also, extending the utilisation of RHAs to the new pandemic and the implications it draws on the need for engendering religious responses to the pandemic by capturing women’s narratives during a pandemic as part of constructing women theologies in the face of COVID-19.
Njega wa Gioko and the European missionaries in the colonial Kenya: A theo-historical recollection and reflection
Authors: Gathogo Julius M.
Published: January 2022

Njega wa Gioko (1865–1948) was one of the pioneer Chiefs in Kirinyaga county of Kenya. The other pioneer Chief in Kirinyaga county was Gutu wa Kibetu (1860–1927) who reigned in the Eastern part of Kirinyaga county. Gioko reigned in the western part of Kirinyaga county (Ndia) that extended to some geographical parts of the present-day Nyeri county and the present-day Embu county. Njega also became the first paramount Chief of Embu district, which refers to the present-day Embu and Kirinyaga counties. As colonial hegemony and the protestant missionary enterprises, and its resultant evangelical theology, began to shape up in the present-day Kirinyaga county and the surrounding areas between 1904 and 1906, it found Gioko and Kibetu as the Athamaki (the most revered leaders). The evangelical European missionaries (Church Missionary Society [CMS]) who were comfortable with the colonial expansion, as it provided western governance structures that favoured their enterprises, employed Calvinistic theology in their dealings with the colonial government, and they dealt with the local leaders (Athamaki), who were eventually ‘promoted’ to the post of Chiefs in 1908 by the new rulers. Nevertheless, the missionary’s emphasis on unrealised eschatology (future concerns) differed sharply with those of Athamaki who were the custodians of African indigenous religion and its resultant emphasis on realised eschatology (present concerns). As an agent of African religion, how did Gioko relate with the early 20th-century evangelical European missionaries and their Calvinistic tendencies that favoured the Church–State relationship as the way of God? The data for this research article are gathered through oral interviews, archival sources and extensive review of the relevant literature.Contribution: This article contributes to the journal’s vision and scope with its focus on the early protestant theologies of the European Missionaries of the 19th and 20th centuries, and their resultant clashes with the theologies of African indigenous religion. As a multidisciplinary article that builds on a theo-historical design, the article contributes to the ongoing discourses on gospel and culture.
Precision of the Nebra Disc in Astronomical and Geometric Aspect
Authors: Banasik Piotr , Góral Władysław
Published: January 2022

The astronomical knowledge on the disc has been coded on two planes: horizontal and meridian. The range of sunrise and sunset directions during the year has been described on the horizontal plane. In turn, on the meridian (vertical) plane, the range of changes in the horizontal height and declination of the Sun in the upper culmination during the year and the Moon in its 18.61-year cycle were described. The relationships between the latitude of the place of observation, the horizontal height of the celestial body and its declination were described by means of geometric constructions. The presented article is a continuation of two publications [1] and [2], which describe the decryption of the Nebra disc. These publications were based on the interpretation of the results of angular measurements, made using a protractor with a scale of 0.5 degrees, without the use of a computer. The presented publication is based on a digital disc image obtained by means of its digitization. The obtained data was used for further calculations based on analytical geometry and graphic programs. This allowed to obtain results in a linear measure with a precision of less than 1 mm.

PRECYZJA DYSKU Z NEBRY W ASPEKCIE ASTRONOMICZNYM I GEOMETRYCZNYM

Wiedza astronomiczna na dysku została zakodowana na dwóch płaszczyznach: horyzontalnej i południkowej. Na płaszczyźnie horyzontalnej (poziomej) opisano zakres kierunków wschodu i zachodu Słońca w ciągu roku. Z kolei na płaszczyźnie południkowej (pionowej) opisano zakres zmiany wysokości horyzontalnej i deklinacji Słońca w kulminacji górnej w ciągu roku oraz Księżyca w jego 18,61-rocznym cyklu. Za pomocą konstrukcji geometrycznych opisano związki między szerokością geograficzną miejsca obserwacji, wysokością horyzontalną ciała niebieskiego i jego deklinacją. Prezentowany artykuł jest kontynuacją dwóch publikacji: [1], [2], w których opisano deszyfrację dysku z Nebry. Publikacje te były oparte na interpretacji wyników pomiarów kątowych, wykonanych za pomocą kątomierza o podziałce 0,5 stopnia, bez użycia komputera. Prezentowana publikacja bazuje na cyfrowym obrazie dysku, uzyskanym za pomocą jego digitalizacji. Uzyskane dane wykorzystano do dalszych obliczeń opartych na geometrii analitycznej oraz programach graficznych.
Władysław Kowalenko – zapomniany poznański prekursor badań nad rolą morza dla studiów słowiańskich we wczesnym średniowieczu
Authors: Mądry Wojciech
Published: January 2022

Artykuł przedstawia sylwetkę i losy zmarłego przed pięćdziesięciu laty, a dzisiaj niemal zupełnie zapomnianego związanego z Poznaniem badacza Słowiańszczyzny, Władysława Kowalenki. Wykazana jest w nim zarówno nieliczna literatura odnosząca się do jego osoby oraz przede wszystkim niewykorzystane dotychczas liczne materiały archiwalne. W dalszej części przedstawione są wczesne zainteresowania Kowalenki skupiające się wokół osadnictwa grodowego Wielkopolski, oraz jego działalność w okresie okupacji na tajnym Uniwersytecie Ziem Zachodnich. Czasy, w jakich przyszło mu żyć po wojnie, a także sytuacja polityczna epoki PRL wywarły niebagatelny wpływ na kierunek jego dalszej pracy naukowej. Pomimo tego, oraz podeszłego już wieku w ostatnich kilkunastu latach jego życia nastąpił znaczny rozwój jego zainteresowań badawczych związanych z dziejami morskimi Słowiańszczyzny zachodniej i południowej, znajdujący swój wyraz w licznych publikacjach. Kierował też pracami redakcyjnymi jedynego wielotomowego kompendium wiedzy o wczesnej Słowiańszczyźnie jakim jest do dzisiaj Słownik starożytności słowiańskich. Obecnie dorobek naukowy Kowalenki nadal jest wykorzystywany przez badaczy i cytowany w ich pracach

Władysław Kowalenko – a forgotten pioneer of research on the importance of sea for the Slavic nations in the early Middle Ages from Poznań

The articles presents the character and the life of Władysław Kowalenko, a researcher in Slavic studies connected to Poznań, who died 50 years ago and is now almost entirely forgotten. The article presents primarily the archive materials which had not been used so far, and includes the scarce pieces of literature concerning Kowalenko. The subsequent part of the article presents his early interest in the town settlements in Greater Poland and his activity during the occupation in an underground University of the Western Lands. The times in which he lived after the Second Wold War and the political situation of socialist Poland significantly influenced the direction of his academic work later on. It can be noticed that in the final years of his life, despite the circumstances and despite his advanced age, a significant development of his research interests related to the marine history of the western and southern parts of the Slavic area can be observed, which was expressed in numerous publications. Kowalenko also supervised the editorial work on the only multi-volume encyclopedia concerning the early Slavic history – the “Dictionary of Ancient Slavic History”. At present, the academic legacy of Kowalenko is still used by researchers and quoted in their works.
Państwo komunistyczne a Kościół w publicystyce Józefa Mackiewicza
Authors: Łukomski Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

Walka z Kościołem i religią wpisana była w ramy ideologii komunistycznej. Państwo totalitarne nie tolerowało bowiem żadnych obszarów życia społecznego, nad którymi nie sprawowałoby kontroli. Po zdławieniu podziemia niepodległościowego rola najtwardszego oponenta i zarazem głównego wroga jedynej siły politycznej w państwie, Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej, na drodze realizacji założeń ideologicznych przypadła Kościołowi rzymskokatolickiemu. Mackiewicz, jako jeden z niewielu, otwarcie mówił także o kryzysie wartości w najstarszej na obszarze cywilizacji zachodniej instytucji.

Struggle between the communist state and the Catholic Church as presented in political works by Józef Mackiewicz

The combat against the Church and religion was an essential element of the communist ideology. The totalitarian state disapproved of any and all fragments of the social life escaping its control. Upon suppression of the underground independence movement, the Roman Catholic Church accepted the role of the most vigorous opponent, and hence the main enemy of the one and only political authority in the country – the Polish United Workers’ Party – and its ideological principles. Furthermore, Mackiewiczas one of few people who openly talked about a crisis of values in the oldest institution within the frames of the Western civilisation.
Rys historyczny Archiwum Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Authors: Krajniak Weronika
Published: January 2022

Artykuł zatytułowany Rys historyczny Archiwum UMK w Toruniu porządkuje i uzupełnia dotychczasowe informacje podane we wcześniejszej literaturze dotyczące archiwum. Został oparty nie tylko na istniejących już publikacjach, ale przede wszystkim na materiałach źródłowych. Punktem wyjścia była uchwała Senatu UMK z 16 września 1948 roku powołująca archiwum i powierzająca jego organizację prof. Bronisławowi Włodarskiemu. Następnie Autorka podaje informacje dotyczące zasobu archiwalnego, miejsc przechowywania za poszczególnych kierowników, a także zmian zachodzących w organizacji pracy archiwum. W podsumowaniu została zamieszczona tabela z wykazem wszystkich pracowników od początków istnienia archiwum.

The history of the Nicolaus Copernicus University archive in Toruń

The article organizes and complements the existing literature information concerning the archive of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. It is based not only on the existing publications, but mainly on source materials. The starting point was the resolution of the Nicolaus Copernicus University Senate of September 16, 1948, establishing the archive and trusting pro164 fessor Bronisław Włodarski with the implementation of this task. The next section is dedicated to archival fonds, their locations during subsequent heads’ terms of office, as well as transformations in the organization of the archive’s work. The conclusion includes a table listing all employees of the archive since its establishment.
Legislative Discourses on Contemporary Slavery in Brazil
Authors: Resende Homem da Costa Eduardo Antonio , Hora Góis João Bosco
Published: January 2022

This article aims to analyze the perceptions of parliamentarians about contemporary slave labour in Brazil. We examined the opposition speeches to the Constitutional Amendment Proposal (PEC) nº 438/2001, processed between 1999 and 2014. That proposal aimed to establish the expropriation of properties where such a form of work was found. From a methodological point of view, we use Critical Discourse Analysis. Several discursive strategies were identified in order to avoid the approval of the referred PEC. Among them, we chose to analyze the categories that we call ‘inversion of guilt’, ‘fantasy’, and ‘exceptionality’. The study of the speeches showed the inexistence of proposals of policies to confront the issue, policies that were pushed aside in the name of an evasive, conservative and even reactionary debate. We observed an evident concern of parliamentarians with agribusiness but a lesser concern in addressing the conditions in which the enslaved workers rescued by state inspection were found.
Lo esencial es invisible a los ojos
Authors: Niño Castaño Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2022

Este artículo toma como referente la teoría de las representaciones sociales para dar cuenta de las continuidades y rupturas en la manera como se ha ‘imaginado’ a los pueblos indígenas en manuales de historia y ciencias sociales entre los años 1982-1999, un periodo caracterizado por importantes cambios políticos, curriculares e historiográficos en Colombia. Como opción metodológica se recurrió al análisis del discurso, integrando el método de análisis iconográfico para el apartado visual. En el contenido del artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones referentes al lugar de los indígenas en el discurso histórico escolar, con especial énfasis en el itinerario metodológico que se diseñó para esta investigación, así como diferentes categorías temáticas. Esta apuesta permitió el hallazgo de representaciones sociales profundamente marcadas por estereotipos que descontextualizan y normalizan su imagen desde una visión colonial.
La Habana
Authors: Cuño Bonito Justo
Published: January 2022

El artículo de investigación investiga las causas que influyeron en que La Habana se transformase en un enclave fundamental para el imperio colonial hispánico en América: concebido como uno de los ejes vertebradores entre el norte y el sur del continente, asegurar el control de esta plaza fuerte garantizaba una posición geoestratégica fundamental en el Caribe. La investigación plantea como objetivos la indagación sobre las causas internas que motivaron la creación del enclave; el proceso de conformación de la estructura urbana y cómo esta se fue adaptando a su importancia geoestratégica. Para la elaboración de la investigación se ha recurrido metodológicamente a una combinación interpretativo-contrastativa de trabajos clásicos que abordan temas como el proceso constitutivo de la ciudad en el siglo XVI y su evolución, o el conflicto y ocupación de la plaza por los ingleses, junto con fuentes primarias, integradas por mapas y planos de la plaza y su estructura defensiva e informes particulares relativos al proceso de independencia americano.
Scandal, Social Policy and Social Welfare
Authors: Butler Ian , Drakeford Mark
Published: January 2022

By examining the landmark scandals of the post-war period, including more recent ones such as the Victoria Climbie Inquiry, this book reveals how scandals are generated, to what purposes they are used and whose interests they are made to serve.
Well-being
Authors: Searle Beverley A.
Published: January 2022

The 2008 UK government Youth Crime Action Plan emphasises early intervention in work with young people who offend or who are considered to be 'at risk' of offending. This approach includes targeted work with families and a reduction in the numbers of young people entering the justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies.
CSR Shifting to HSR? A Critical Analysis of Future Trends
Authors:   BA department, Khawarizmi International College, UAE, Sayedahmed Dr. Nael
Published: January 2022

In the past few years a shift is seen in the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to a Human Social Responsibility (HSR) approach. This is based on the idea that a business has its employees as a resource and not just a beneficiary of the CSR practices of this business, and that employees are the sustained element of CSR as they can impact its objectives and scope with ease due to interaction with management and community at the same time. This research reviews literature related to both areas and the reasons such shift is seen in different business industries, and how HSR is handled by employees at different levels of the organization, as well as the limitations related to HSR.
Impact of Capital Structure on The Financial Performance of Listed Financial Institutions in Nigeria
Authors:   Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom, Wilson Bernard
Published: January 2022

The influence of capital structure on deposit money bank financial performance was explored in this study. The secondary data was gathered from the annual reports and accounts of the 14 sampled Deposit Money Banks from 2014 to 2018, and generalized least square multiple regression was used to evaluate the secondary data. According to the findings, total debt to total assets, total debt to total equity, and long-term debt to total assets have little bearing on the financial performance of Nigerian banks. The study also discovered that the ratio of short-term debt to total assets has a considerable influence on a bank's financial success. In light of the findings, it is suggested that bank management strive diligently to reduce the short-term debt to total assets component of their capital structure, since this has a detrimental impact on their financial performance. They also have a tendency to enhance the ratio of total debt to total assets since it improves their financial performance. Long-term debt to total assets ratios should be reduced in capital structure components since they have a negative impact on financial performance.
A Critical Analysis of the Amendments Proposed to the Social and Ethics Committee by the Companies Amendment Bill, 2018
Authors: Mahhumane Delani Milton , Cassim Rehana
Published: January 2022

The Companies Amendment Bill, 2018 proposes certain changes to the social and ethics committee established in terms of s 72(4) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 and reg 43 of the Companies Regulations, 2011. These new provisions are critically discussed in this article. Although some of these provisions are commendable, others give rise to certain concerns examined here: the lack of clarity in the functions of the social and ethics committee, the proposed amendments regarding its appointment and composition, and the ambiguity in the exemptions from the requirement to appoint this committee. This article also suggests further amendments to the current legislative provisions regarding this committee.
Investigating the Need to Introduce Compulsory Interest Arbitration as a Method to Prevent Lengthy Strikes in South Africa
Authors: Tenza Mlungisi
Published: January 2022

The issue of lengthy strikes in South Africa has been a cause for concern since it destabilises the economy and can result in a loss of employment if it is not managed properly. A strike that takes too long to be resolved causes anger towards strikers, so creating a fertile environment for the eruption of violence between striking and non-striking workers. Damage to property and harm to civilians has been reported where striking workers have become violent during a strike. It appears that the existing remedies fail to curb long strikes and resultant violence, as unions and members continue with their action despite the granting of an order of interdict to stop the conduct. To solve the problem of long and consequently violent strikes, the article advocates the introduction of a compulsory interest arbitration in the labour relations law of South Africa. A compulsory interest arbitration will force the parties into arbitration once it is established that the strike has continued for an unreasonably long period without a solution. The use of compulsory interest arbitration will not be unique to South Africa, as other countries such as Canada and Australia use it in their labour relations systems – which helps them deal with long and possibly harmful or violent strikes. The article argues that lessons can be learned from these countries on how South Africa can deal with its own protracted strikes. The article further proposes that the LRA be amended to include a provision that will enable the Minister to intervene where the parties fail to reach agreement on disputed issues, and where it is in the public interest to do so. Introducing a compulsory interest arbitration in the labour relations system could limit the right to strike. However, the article argues that such a limitation may be justified in terms of s 36 of the Constitution.
Vaccination Barriers for Adults
Authors:   Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat Haryana, India, Pati Pandey Ramendra
Published: January 2022

The growth of childhood vaccination in India has been increased over the past two decades as >25% of deaths due to infections are prevented with the help of vaccines. Vaccination is also recommended for adults where adult vaccination is mostly ignored in India. In India, childhood vaccination is considered the main priority, WHO has also issued guidelines for childhood vaccination. Generally, adults have less susceptible to traditional infectious agents but the probability of exposure to the infectious agents has increased. SO the problem of adult immunization should be considered. Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in adults are more neglected. There are many reasons for the causes of the VPDs in adults. These can be prevented by immunization among adults. Each country should provide a proper guideline for adult vaccination. When it comes to India, our country doesn’t have proper guidelines for Adult immunization. As to decrease the morbidity and mortality in the life of a person the vaccine uptake for the immunization must be ensured. This article mainly focuses on the vaccine-preventable disease in India with the role of adult immunizations and the steps to ensure the betterment of the vaccine uptake among the adults.
Osteoarthritis Linked to Diabetes Characterized Sharp decreasing in Ser /Proline /PLCγ2 with Increasing PLCγ1, Where Inhibiting S6K/BTK / PLCγ2 Affect TXA2 Synthesis Cause C-lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors:   Biomedical Molecular Studies Pathologies and Cancer Diseases Canada, Toronto, Goldwin Avenue west and Egypt, El Tantawi Ashraf Marzouk
Published: January 2022

proper S6K /BTK and PLCγ2 are main regulations for thromboxane-A synthesis, and necessary for B-cell maturations and T-cells modulations and functions. The main factors that cause the Osteoarthritis “OA” and diabetes and linked between them are the deficiency of Ser amino acids and decreasing or down regulations of Ser phosphorylation signalling pathway which necessary for proper S6K productions, where normally the Ser phosphorylation signalling pathway is the basis of Ser /Thr phosphorylation signalling which normally necessary for proper Akt, S6K1 synthesis and necessary for RORs and IFNs synthesis and also necessary for running proper BTK and proper PLCγ2 productions , where S6K is main regulator for ATPase and for proper PLCγ1 and for PLCγ2 synthesis which necessary for bone growth and for increasing and modulating immune efficiency
Leucocoria : Most Common Initial Sign of Retinoblastoma
Authors:   Ophthalmology department, Mohammed IV university hospital center, Marrakech, Morocco, Taieb El Baroudi , Sarah Belghmaidi ,   Ophthalmology department, Mohammed IV university hospital center, Marrakech, Morocco
Published: January 2022

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer of childhood. We report the case of a 3-year-old child with unilateral leucocoria noticed by parents who revealed a retinoblastoma. Leucocoria can also indicate other vision threatening conditions : Coats’ disease, cataract, toxocariasis, retinopathy of prematurity for which prompt medical attention is needed.
Pseudo Tumor of the Bladder Simulating Cancer: Pseudotumoral Glandular Cystitis
Authors:   Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences, Senghor Fabrice ,   Assane Seck University, Ziguinchor, Senegal, Thiam Ibou ,   Department of Pathological Anatomy, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
Published: January 2022

Intestinal metaplasia of the bladder is a rare pathology, estimated at less than 1% of bladder pathologies. Some forms, including pseudo tumor glandular cystitis, can mimic cancer. We report a rare case of this pathology, little studied in our context, treated in Senegal and we underline the epidemiologicalclinical and anatomopathological particularities.
Leptin: Mechanisms Involved In Signaling and Resistance
Authors:   Pulmonology Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan, Anjum Touqeer
Published: January 2022

Leptin is secreted mainly by white adipocyte tissue, and it circulates at levels positively correlated with fat mass, thus reflecting primarily the amount of energy stored in adipose tissue. Leptin levels also change with acute changes in energy intake and thus, secondarily reflect acute energy availability. Several potential mechanisms behind leptin resistance have been identified including: Inflammatory signaling, elevated free fatty acids, high leptin and genetic mutation in OB and DBU genes. This review summaries all the physiological, biological aspects of leptin hormone including increases energy expenditure, thermogenesis, heart rate, blood pressure but decreases glycaemia. This review summarizes the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment of leptin hormone imbalances.
Solución salina hipertónica y dosis altas de diurético, ¿qué sabemos y cómo podemos usarlos en congestión persistente?
Authors: Orozco Burbano Juan D. , Saldarriaga Giraldo Clara I. , Echeverri Marín Diego A.
Published: January 2022

The presence of decompensated heart failure continues to be a condition with high rates of hospitalization, impact on the health system, and quality of life for those who suffer it. The mainstay of treatment in these cases are diuretics. However, the resistance to this pharmacological group may occasionally occur, generating an inadequate negative fluid balance and persistence of congestion with negative clinical outcomes. Hypertonic saline solution with high doses of diuretic emerges as a therapeutic option for this group of patients with probable physiological, and clinical benefits on hospitalization and re-admission rates due to heart failure decompensation. A review of the most relevant aspects and benefits of this combination is discussed in this article.
Estenosis aórtica severa e hipercolesterolemia familiar
Authors: Mallma Gómez Milagros , Condori Ccallo Josafat , Miranda Noé David
Published: January 2022

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH) is a rare and life-threatening disease that can manifest as coronary artery disease or severe aortic stenosis before twenties. We present the case of a male adolescent who was hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of HFH and severe aortic stenosis. He underwent aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis and aortic annulus enlargement, and two aortocoronary bypasses were implanted due to an intraoperative complication. The patient evolved favourably and was discharged with combination therapy with high-intensity statins and ezetimibe.
Ankle-brachial index: more than a diagnostic test?
Authors: Caceres-Farfan Ludwig , Moreno-Loaiza Milagros , Cubas W. Samir
Published: January 2022

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the relationship between the systolic blood pressure taken at the ankle level and the brachial artery. A pathological ABI (<0.90 or >1.40) indicates the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Many studies indicate the great utility of this test in the diagnosis of PAD due to its ease of use, reproducibility, low cost, and high cost-effectiveness. This evaluation can be directly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, it has recently been confirmed that a low ABI can be a predictor of major cardiovascular events, as it is related to diabetes mellitus, chronic coronary disease, stroke, and more. The objective of this work was to review the current evidence on the importance of ABI in the diagnosis of PAD and its main role as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Miocardiopatía hipertrófica septal, la gran simuladora
Authors: Forero Santiago , Moreno Nelson Leandro
Published: January 2022

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the more commonly (60 to 70 percent) genetically determined disease of the heart muscle caused by mutations in one of several sarcomere genes that encode components of the heart’s contractile apparatus. It is characterized by disproportionate hypertrophy in the absence of a secondary cause. The clinical presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Hypertrophy and abnormal ventricular configuration can result in dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction in most cases. The goal of therapeutic interventions is largely to reduce dynamic obstruction, with different therapeutic options encompassing risk stratification for sudden death, genetic screening, lifestyle modifications, and drugs. A case of hypertrophic septal cardiomyopathy, a fairly frequent and under-diagnosed entity, is discussed below.
An Evidence-based Medical Research on the Comparative Quantification of TGF? and Telomerase Experimentations, with their Molecular Pharmacological Analyses as Targets of Oncoimmunotherapeutic Vaccines
Authors: Hazra Dr. Moumita
Published: January 2022

The basic oncotherapeutic vaccines used are cell based vaccines including whole cell vaccines, genetically modified tumour cell
vaccines and dendritic cell vaccines, anti-idiotype antibody based vaccines, protein or peptide based vaccines, heat shock proteinbased vaccines, viral, bacterial or yeast vectors based vaccines, mRNA or DNA nucleic acid based vaccines, vaccines based on tumour
associated antigens like overexpressed proteins, differentiation antigens, cancer-testis antigens and oncofoetal antigens, and tumour
specific antigens including oncogenic viral antigens, antigen presenting cells or molecular neoantigens based vaccines with specific
CD8+ T cells and, CD4+ T cells, and nanoparticles vectors based vaccines. The objective of this evidence-based medical research was
the comparative quantification of TGF? and telomerase experimentations, with their molecular pharmacological analyses as targets
of oncoimmunotherapeutic vaccines. A molecular pharmacological multi-variate, qualitative, analytical study of the retrieved
literature derived through a thorough literature review from various available literature databases, was performed, to record, review,
thoroughly analyse and delineate the molecular pharmacological basis of oncoimmunotherapeutic vaccines from a wide-ranged study
literature containing molecular pharmacological researches, reviews, case presentations and varied databases about the
pharmacooncoimmunotherapeutic rationale of the clinical use of vaccines in the treatment of cancer patients, with a specific
emphasis on telomerase and TGF?, as molecular pharmacological targets of oncoimmunotherapeutic vaccines. After that, a multivariate evidence-based medical research study of comparative quantification and analysis of the global heterogenous multidisciplinary experimentations and study literature on telomerase and TGF?, as molecular pharmacological targets of pharmaco-oncoimmuno-therapeutic vaccines, affecting global malignant and borderline malign
INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY IN THE EUROPEAN ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC ENVIRONMENT. POWER, SUPPORT AND MOTIVATION IN PROFESSIONAL PROMOTION
Authors: ICHIM George Marian , BALAHUR Doina
Published: January 2022

The existent agreements and beliefs in the organisational culture, predominantly male, resist the possibility to find alternatives to even the chances for promotion in an academic and scientific career for men and women. The more a person identifies with the norms and culture promoted in an institution, the more difficult it is for them to see alternatives. Acker (1990) explain that such persons (who normally have management positions), socialised in the male culture of the academic and scientific world, benefit the most from the existent arrangements and stand to lose the most if the existent practices of the academic world are changed. The European Union has been focusing on a new direction to eliminate gender obstacles in the academic and scientific world. The new approach for activities related to gender equality has focused on academic and research organisations and institutions rather than only on the women themselves. “Administration improvement” has become the new objective. One of the ways this new objective has been implemented concentrated on integrating the gender dimension into research.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LABOUR RESOURCES IN ROMANIA, BEFORE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRISIS
Authors: Iftimoaei Ciprian , Baciu Cristian-Ionuţ
Published: January 2022

In the three decades since the collapse of communism in Romania (1989), human resources have gone through several distinct moments in the process of social and economic transition, from the state economy to the market economy: (1) the period 1990-2007 characterized by declining employment, rising unemployment, low wages, employee poverty, labour migration to developed countries; (2) the period 2007-2019 in which Romanian employees experienced the benefits of the European integration process, which meant economic macrostability, increased foreign investment, projects financed by European operational programs that led to increased living standards, increased employment, labour crisis; (3) the period beginning with the 2020 pandemic year and the economic and social crisis, the effects of which are already quantified by official statistics.

This paper proposes a retrospective analysis of the evolution of labour resources in Romania, after joining the European Union. The methodology used combines descriptive statistical analysis (labour resources, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, average net earnings), hierarchical cluster analysis to compare the employment situation in Romania in the year of accession to the European Union (2007) versus the year before the onset of the pandemic crisis (2019) and the simple linear regression analysis, having as an independent variable the „unemployment rate” and as a dependent variable „the number of employees”. Simple linear regression is used not only for teaching purposes, but in addition to testing the link between variables, we wanted to find out how much the number of employees decreases if the unemployment rate increases by one percentage point nationwide. The data used come from the TEMPO Online database of the National Institute of Statistics and were processed with the SPSS.
STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION AUDITS. A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE FOR IMPROVING HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Barbaros Maria Corina , Țaranu Olesea
Published: January 2022

Internal diversity within organizations and the technology-determined restraints of multinational competition raise the need of developing organizational communication more than ever. Communication audits have been approached as an effective tool for improving organizations’ business targets, but this article argues that communication audits go beyond that and fill the diverse communication needs of today’s manpower.

Firstly, the article clarifies the nature of strategic communication and the boundaries of this domain. Then, the paper examines the nature of the term „strategic”. We argue that the results of a communication audit are the first step towards a strategic communication plan. In view of this perspective, the article’s main research questions are: What is the link between strategic communication, communication audit and management performance? How do we measure and illustrate where the organization currently stands in terms of its communication performance?

The conclusions of this conceptual paper highlight the role of communication audits in providing useful information for the strategic communication process and HR management by clarifying the nature of qualitative data that are instrumental for strategic communication and how should a researcher report the results of a qualitative study in order to be effective for the strategic communication plan.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY STUDIES AND SOCIAL WORK IN ROMANIA AT BACHELOR'S DEGREE LEVEL. A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY
Authors: Mitrea Geta
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the two specializations, „social security (named social work)” and „security studies” that are offered by the universities from Romania for future specialists in these domains. In the actual global context it has been proven the fact that the specialists from the two specializations work very closely to achieve common goals. At a first site, „social security (named social work)” and „security studies” seem completely different, even a little bit in antithesis. But actually, if we take a close look we can easily observe both have a lot of elements in common; the essential one is the human being (the person). Another element, regards the fact that both of them are related to the „security” issue. One is focused at the personal level of human, social security (social work) – the base of the whole society and the second referring to the entire entity of security, local, regional, national, european, transatlantic and global level; this one, also composed by people. And third element, but not the last, is the fact nowadays specialists from different domains have to work in interdisciplinary teams to solve common problems in different parts of the world. Also, in this daily change new specialists in different fields of study need to be prepared in order to answer the unexpected needs that appear in our global world.
DIFFICULTIES AND RISKS IN THE INTERVENTION OF THE STAFF EMPLOYED WITHIN THE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE DEPARTMENTS OF THE LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Corman Sorina
Published: January 2022

This article is part of a larger study that intended to diagnose the needs and the resources of social assistance structures within local public authorities. The specific objectives of the study are: The Identification of the social actors involved in the providing of social services and in the providing of social work benefits at local level (communes, cities, municipalities); A Radiography of the situation of social work structures at local level from the perspective of development and efficiency; The Identification of locally signed partnerships from the perspective of development and efficiency; The Elaboration of directions for the development of social work systems at local level considering the research results. This article presents the difficulties and the risks in the intervention of the staff employed within the Social Work Departments of the local public administration, as presented by the employees of these structures. It is a triangulated study made between January and December 2019 and presents the results of the interviews with 20 employees of social work departments. The results are structured in three dimensions: the difficulties related to the performance of the social work departments; the difficulties encountered in setting up or providing social work services/benefits and the mechanisms for overcoming them; the social needs identified at community level.
JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS ELEMENTS – A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Gălățanu Mihaela D.
Published: January 2022

This study aims to identify what are the main elements correlated with employee job satisfaction. Our interest has been driven by the requirement and usefulness of describing the specific aspects which lead to employee satisfaction, considering such features as industry, field of activity, geographical region, and nature of ownership, state of private, respectively. We have discovered a positive influence on job satisfaction of such elements as: high level of professional commitment, existence of performance appraisal system, high occasional performance, innovative organisational practices promoting knowledge management, leadership style, the nature of the job as an intrinsic factor. On the other hand, work dissatisfaction could be the result of low level of extrinsic factors: level of income and working conditions.