bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing generation Z employees: a two-stage mediation model
Authors: Bhushan Balram
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The entry of generation Z employees into workforce poses new challenges for managers in designing learning and development interventions as they are better informed and well-equipped to access the available information. This paper investigates how training comprehensiveness serves their unique developmental needs.

Design/methodology/approach

Employees responded to the online survey on training comprehensiveness, person-job fit, and task significance while the data on task performance was collected from their supervisors. In total, 215 complete and valid responses were received. Gender, age, education level and industry type were used as control variables and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and RStudio.

Findings

Findings indicate that generation Z employees aim for person-job fit as a proximal outcome and task performance as distal outcome of training. Also, task-significance mediates the relationship between person-job fit and task performance. Apart from the indirect path which involves mediation of person-job fit and task significance, the direct impact of training on task performance is also noticed. Interestingly, the older colleagues do not display such behavior

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study that investigates the developmental needs of generation Z employees and integrates the elements of task design and training needs together. With their better skills to access increasing job opportunities, generation Z employees use training to meet the job demands. Thus, person-job fit, and task significance are found to be better performance drivers than training for generation Z, but training adds to their performance through person-job fit as well.
Effects of in-game brand congruity on esports consumers' implicit and explicit memory
Authors: Hwang Yongjin , Watanabe Nicholas Masafumi , Nagel Mark
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impacts of brand congruity of in-game brand placement on esports consumers' implicit and explicit memory.

Design/methodology/approach

A 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design (N = 224) was used with an automobile racing game, NASCAR Heat 5. A series of statistical analyses, including MANOVA and logistic regressions, was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results revealed that ads on virtual billboards in the video game primed participants to create an implicit memory. Also, incongruent brands that were not very familiar to gamers provided greater impact than congruent brands.

Originality/value

This research is the first to test both implicit and explicit memory and provide practical evidence for the possibility of implicit memory building in the esports context. In addition, the current study also examined the impact of congruity to answer the previously inconsistent results.
Supporting teacher candidates to become collaborative teaching professionals: developing professional capital through a collaborative inquiry-based community of practice
Authors: Osmond-Johnson Pamela , Fuhrmann Lucrécia Raquel
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper draws on data from a research project that examined the impact of a community of practice (CoP) model of teaching practicum that engaged teacher candidates in collaborative inquiry projects based on self-identified problems of practice that emerged during their practicum experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was adopted to better understand the ways in which the CoP served as a support mechanism for teacher candidates to develop social capital during internship. Data collection included anecdotal observation notes, student postings in online discussion forums, and a one-hour post-project focus group. Data analysis was rooted in phenomenology (Lin, 2013) and was guided by the four pronged coding process outlined by Bicudo (2000).

Findings

As the paper illustrates, the CoP created rich opportunities for teacher candidates to cultivate social capital, which positively impacted their human and decisional capital. Relatedly, teacher candidates demonstrated an enhanced sense of collective efficacy and an understanding of the significance of collaborative professional cultures on their continued growth as members of the teaching profession.

Originality/value

While a number of studies have considered various factors impacting the professional capital of practicing teachers, the development of professional capital amongst interning teachers remains as an under-explored area in the research literature.
Collective compass to unit performance: linking transformational leadership climate, trust and engagement
Authors: Gabel Shemueli Rachel , Tzafrir Shay , Rodriguez Perez Berlan , Bahamonde Danae , Enosh Guy
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to examine how shared perceptions of collective behaviors, such as transformational leadership climate (TLC), collective trust and collective engagement, affect unit performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of 450 employees in 74 agencies of a financial organization, using measurements at the collective team level. Multiple structural equation modeling analyses were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The relationship between TLC and unit performance was sequentially mediated by collective trust and collective engagement.

Originality/value

This study highlights how employees' shared perceptions of different team characteristics can affect the overall functioning and performance of an organization.
Economic development levels and ease of doing business: is there a relationship?
Authors: Nave Edgar , Rodrigues Ricardo Gouveia
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Entrepreneurship is a phenomenon strongly associated with economic growth, development and employability, leading countries to compete and often produce reforms to ensure good levels of entrepreneurship. In this sequence, this study aims to know which types of economies present favourable institutional environments for entrepreneurs, exploring the link between the ease of doing business and the three levels of economic development (innovation-driven, efficiency-driven and factor-driven) of 137 economies.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative methodology through an analysis of variances was adopted, gathering data from the ten pillars proposed by the World Bank in the Doing Business 2019 – training for reforms report, and economic development levels, provided by Global Competitiveness Report (2017–2018).

Findings

In the light of institutional theory, the results showed that innovation-driven economies are more competitive, presenting more robust institutional environments for entrepreneurs than factor-driven and efficiency-driven. There is only one exception in the Getting Credit pillar.

Originality/value

This study clarifies some assumptions in the previous literature that developed economies have better business environments, being the first one to establish this relationship directly. Some practical implications, especially for international entrepreneurs in the decision-making phase on which type of economies to carry out their investments and policymakers and researchers, were provided in this study.
How to manifest abundance: money and the rematerialization of exchange in Sedona, Arizona, USA
Authors: Crockford Susannah
Published: June 2022

Manifestation is a spiritual practice with material gains. It is a way for those involved with spirituality in Sedona, Arizona, to make money as required while maintaining a level of consonance between their economic life and spiritual path. Analysing the entwinement of economics and religion in everyday life, this article contributes to literature on spiritual economies and, more broadly, to the anthropology of money. Manifestation is a way of figuratively rematerializing exchange, mirrored in preferences for trade and barter and currency backed by gold. Dematerialized money – the stocks, bonds, and derivatives of high finance – is rejected as enacting a low vibration; it is negatively valenced in cosmologies of spirituality. Preferences for money forms reveal responses and reactions to neoliberal capitalism in an embedded, industrialized economy.
Effects of direct‐acting antiviral agents on lipid and glucose profile in HCV patients with type 2 diabetes: A real‐life Italian experience
Authors: Dalbeni Andrea , Villani Rosanna , Bevilacqua Michele , Sacco Federica , Faccincani Diego , Cattazzo Filippo , Cavallone Francesco , Mantovani Anna , Ceruti Vittoria , Ieluzzi Donatella , Paon Veronica , Mantovani Alessandro , Serviddio Gaetano , Sacerdoti David
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of HCV eradication on the metabolic profile in diabetic patients treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) is not well defined. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of DAAs on a lipid and glucose profile in a cohort of diabetic patients with different liver fibrotic stages.

Methods

T2DM patients with active HCV infection were consecutively enrolled in this prospective trial. Glycolipidic status was assessed, before starting DAA treatment (T0) and at 12 months after the beginning of treatment (T1). Liver fibrotic stage was assessed by FibroScan.

Results

In all, 131 patients were enrolled and all of them achieved a sustained virologic response. At baseline, no significant differences were found in lipid and glucose profiles in subgroup analysis by liver fibrosis, HCV genotype, and cardiovascular risk factors. At T1, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not triglycerides, significantly increased irrespective of liver fibrotic stage and baseline anthropometric and clinical profiles, while glycated hemoglobin significantly decreased only in F4 patients.

Conclusions

HCV eradication in diabetic patients is associated with a worsening lipid profile that could impact future cardiovascular risk. A careful global monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in all diabetic patients after HCV eradication is needed.
Clinical evidence for synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy (SITAR)
Authors: Gill Suki , Nowak Anna K , Bowyer Samantha , Endersby Raelene , Ebert Martin A , Cook Alistair
Published: June 2022

Previous preclinical and clinical trials have shown promising antitumour activity and toxicity profile when employing the ‘Synergy between Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy’ (SITAR) strategy. Approximately, one in seven radiation therapy studies currently recruiting is investigating SITAR. This article reviews the range of cancers known to respond to immunotherapy and publications analysing SITAR. It sets the background for work that needs to be done in future clinical trials. It also reviews the potential toxicities of immunotherapy and discusses areas where caution is required when combining treatments.
The plant host environment influences competitive interactions between bacterial pathogens
Authors: Ehau‐Taumaunu Hanareia , Hockett Kevin L.
Published: June 2022

Bacteria compete for resources in diverse environments using an array of antagonistic strategies, including the production of narrow‐spectrum protein antibacterials termed bacteriocins. Although significant research has focused on bacteriocin‐mediated dynamics in culture environments, little research has explored bacteriocin‐mediated dynamics within a host context, particularly in plant environments. Here, we show that a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Psy), expresses a bacteriocin both in culture and in leaf apoplast when co‐inoculated with a bacteriocin‐sensitive competitor, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph). Although there is an observable negative effect of the bacteriocin on the Pph population at most time points both in culture and in the leaf apoplast, a bacteriocin‐mediated benefit to Psy was only observed when the producing strain was co‐infiltrated at a low population frequency (1:9) into the leaf apoplast. At 6 days post‐infiltration, Psy achieved an eightfold population increase compared to a bacteriocin‐deficient mutant in the apoplast. No bacteriocin‐mediated benefit for Psy was observed under the culture conditions tested. Additionally, we found that the bacteriocin‐mediated benefit for Psy was dependent on the Type III Secretion System. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the fitness benefit of bacteriocin‐mediated antagonism is influenced by interactions within the host plant.
Ensuring Market Supply Transparency for Personal Protective Equipment: Preparing for Future Pandemics
Authors: Garcia‐Santaolalla Nadia , de Klerk Kyle
Published: June 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the opacity of the global personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain. Dependence on international markets for medical PPE provision has left states vulnerable to price volatility and supply shortages. As the severity of the pandemic fluctuates amidst an ever‐present risk of regional and global public health crises, medical PPE market volatility – exacerbated by the lack of accurate, up‐to‐date, transparent information of PPE international supply conditions – will continue to undermine effective policy responses and the resilience of healthcare systems around the world. This article proposes a WTO/WHO joint initiative to ensure PPE market supply transparency for future pandemic preparedness. It departs from an analysis of the global PPE market, the impact of COVID‐19 on PPE production and supply, and the systemic lack of basic PPE supply chain information at all levels. From this, it identifies the need for PPE market supply transparency and thus proposes creating a PPE market supply transparency system at the domestic and/or international level as a viable solution to enhance transparency and cooperation in preparation for the next pandemic.
The influence of breath concentration in the gas sample on the accuracy of methane to carbon dioxide ratio using the sniffer method in dairy cows
Authors: Oikawa Kohei , Kamiya Yuko , Terada Fuminori , Suzuki Tomoyuki
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the sampled gas to avoid low concentration of breath while measuring the methane (CH4)/CO2 ratio using the sniffer method. This study also assessed the effect of selective elimination by applying the threshold of CO2 concentration to the CH4/CO2 ratio. The gas measurement in the automatic milking system was conducted with 26 multiparous Holstein cows using an electric fan to manipulate the CO2 concentration in the sampled gas. Four different thresholds of the background‐corrected CO2 concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1%) were applied to every 1‐s value of the individual gas measurement. Subsequently, three different upper limits of the proportion of eliminated values (none, 0.5, and 0.33) were applied to the individual records per milking. The results showed that the sampled gas must contain more than 0.1% of the corrected CO2 concentration to enable accurate calculation of the CH4/CO2 ratio. It is recommended that at least half of the values in the data be larger than the threshold of the corrected CO2 concentration for unbiased measurement of the CH4/CO2 ratio.
This is the way: Network perspective on targets for spatial ability development programmes
Authors: Likhanov Maxim , Maslennikova Ekaterina , Costantini Giulio , Budakova Anna , Esipenko Elena , Ismatullina Victoria , Kovas Yulia
Published: June 2022

Background

Spatial ability (SA) was shown to be important for success in different fields, including STEM. Recent research suggested that SA is a unitary construct, rather than a set of related skills. However, it is not clear how individual differences in different facets of SA emerge, and how they relate to variance in general cognitive ability.

Aims

The aim of the present study was threefold: 1) to examine the structure of SA testing nine theoretical models; 2) to explore the relation between 16 different facets of SA with general cognitive ability; and 3) to identify central facet(s) within the network of SA – with most links and/or strongest links to other facets.

Sample

The study participants were 958 university students from Russia.

Methods

The study used a comprehensive battery of 16 SA tests and a verbal ability measure.

Results

Results supported previous research, suggesting moderate overlap between all SA facets. Factor analysis suggested several potential structures, with similar fit indices for five different theoretically driven models, including split into small‐ and large scale; partially independent manipulation, visualization and navigation facets. Confirmatory factor analysis, mediation and network analyses showed spatial ability being largely independent from verbal ability. In addition, network analysis showed that navigation according to directions is in the centre of the network, potentially linking all SA facets.

Conclusion

The results have potential implications for identifying the best targets for SA interventions. The next step in research is conducting experimental studies to evaluate effectiveness of interventions targeting navigation in comparison with other facets of SA.
The impact of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” policy on SMEs’ innovation: Using quasi‐natural experiments
Authors: Zhao Kai , Wu Wanshu , Ye Junmei
Published: June 2022

This study presents an in‐depth investigation of the impact of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (MEI) policy on small and medium‐sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) innovation using the propensity score matching–difference‐in‐difference method. The MEI policy's R&D subsidies are found to generate a positive effect on SMEs’ innovation. Although R&D subsidies have no significant impact on SMEs’ strategic innovation, they can promote substantial innovation and establish a solid microfoundation for China's high‐quality development. Compared with R&D subsidies, tax incentives in the MEI policy cannot encourage SMEs to innovate and may even have a negative impact on SMEs’ innovation.
Targeting the interaction of GABAB receptors with CaMKII with an interfering peptide restores receptor expression after cerebral ischemia and inhibits progressive neuronal death in mouse brain cells and slices
Authors: Balakrishnan Karthik , Hleihil Mohammad , Bhat Musadiq A. , Ganley Robert P. , Vaas Markus , Klohs Jan , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Benke Dietmar
Published: June 2022

Cerebral ischemia is the leading cause for long‐term disability and mortality in adults due to massive neuronal death. Currently, there is no pharmacological treatment available to limit progressive neuronal death after stroke. A major mechanism causing ischemia‐induced neuronal death is the excessive release of glutamate and the associated overexcitation of neurons (excitotoxicity). Normally, GABAB receptors control neuronal excitability in the brain via prolonged inhibition. However, excitotoxic conditions rapidly downregulate GABAB receptors via a CaMKII‐mediated mechanism and thereby diminish adequate inhibition that could counteract neuronal overexcitation and neuronal death. To prevent the deleterious downregulation of GABAB receptors, we developed a cell‐penetrating synthetic peptide (R1‐Pep) that inhibits the interaction of GABAB receptors with CaMKII. Administration of this peptide to cultured cortical neurons exposed to excitotoxic conditions restored cell surface expression and function of GABAB receptors. R1‐Pep did not affect CaMKII expression or activity but prevented its T286 autophosphorylation that renders it autonomously and persistently active. Moreover, R1‐Pep counteracted the aberrant downregulation of G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels and the upregulation of N‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, the main effectors of GABAB receptors. The restoration of GABAB receptors activated the Akt survival pathway and inhibited excitotoxic neuronal death with a wide time window in cultured neurons. Restoration of GABAB receptors and neuroprotective activity of R1‐Pep was verified by using brain slices prepared from mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Treatment with R1‐Pep restored normal GABAB receptor expression and GABA receptor‐mediated K+ channel currents. This reduced MCAO‐induced neuronal excitability and inhibited neuronal death. These results support the hypothesis that restoration of GABAB receptor expression under excitatory conditions provides neuroprotection and might be the basis for the development of a selective intervention to inhibit progressive neuronal death after ischemic stroke.
The above–belowground functional space of tropical dry forest communities responds to local hydric habitats
Authors: Díaz‐Castellanos Aleida , Meave Jorge A. , Vega‐Ramos Flor , Pineda‐García Fernando , Bonfil Consuelo , Paz Horacio
Published: June 2022

Tropical dry forests are environmentally complex ecosystems with highly heterogeneous water availability, such that distinctive plant communities are found in contrasting habitats in close proximity to each other. This leads to the question of how resource heterogeneity has led to functional heterogeneity among communities. One hypothesis is that the main trade‐offs and the size of the functional space should diverge between communities that differ in their most limiting resource. To test this, we compared aboveground and belowground traits of saplings of 33 dominant species from the dry forest plant communities of two locations that differ in water and also in light availability. In the drier community, the major functional dimension described a trade‐off between drought tolerance and drought avoidance strategies. This dimension was also evident in the wetter community; however, traits related to the efficiency of resource capture were decoupled from the drought tolerance‐drought avoidance trade‐off. Trees from the wetter community tended to develop more efficient fine roots for resource capture. The functional space of the drier and more heterogenous forest was larger than the wetter forest, and plant strategies to deal with drought accounted for a much larger portion of trait variation. Overall, functional differentiation may occur between systems that are close in proximity but differ in the availability of resources such as water and light. These environmental differences cause plant communities to differ in functional properties both aboveground and belowground, likely promoting heterogeneous responses to anthropogenic and natural disturbances at the landscape scale.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Biogeographic history predicts bee community structure across floral resource gradients in south‐east Australia
Authors: Brown Julian , Cunningham Saul A.
Published: June 2022

Aim

Plant populations are declining in their native ranges around the globe through the expansion of agriculture, urbanization, and plant invasions. We test the hypothesis that animal species that have spent more of their evolutionary history in a region are more dependent on native plants, particularly those plants that have spent more of their evolutionary history in the region, and are therefore more negatively impacted by native plant decline.

Location

Yarra Valley landscapes, Australia.

Methods

We test the presence and pattern of phylogenetic signal in native bee community responses to local flower density of ancient Australian plant lineages and the amount of native vegetation in the surrounding landscape across farm and native vegetation sites. We also test phylogenetic signal in the frequency of bee visitation to flowers from ancient Australian plant lineages. We compare the patterns of phylogenetic signal to the current understanding of bee biogeographic histories to evaluate our hypothesis.

Results

There was significant phylogenetic signal in responses to flower density of plants from ancient Australian lineages, and the frequency of visitation to these flowers, with most species from the ancient Australian bee clade being positively associated with these flowers. This is consistent with our hypothesis. Significant phylogenetic signal in response to native vegetation in the surrounding landscape was driven primarily by the more recently arrived bee linages, with ancient lineages able to persist on some farms where ancient Australian flowers were present (e.g. on roadsides).

Main conclusions

Bee species that have spent more of their evolutionary history in Australia are more dependent on ancient Australian plant lineages and so most negatively impacted by the decline of these plants. This may be a broader phenomenon because phylogenetic conservatism in host plant use, the main assumption underlying our hypothesis, is common among herbivorous arthropods (~500,000 species).
A lesson in Tableau dashboard design: Playing the beer game with a real‐time data connection
Authors: Meyer Brad C. , Bishop Debra S.
Published: June 2022

This article examines how students learn about data‐driven decision‐making by creating and using a dashboard to play an online version of the familiar Beer Game. The objective is to apply data visualization skills to a business system in a way that leads to effective decisions. The students not only build a dashboard in Tableau, they also use it as they make ordering decisions while playing a round of the Beer Game that has a seasonal ramp up/ramp down demand pattern. Our assessment indicates that the exercise provides an effective application of Tableau skills and raises awareness of important aspects of dashboard design. We continue to improve the exercise to emphasize that analytics solutions can only be developed with a solid understanding of the business system.
Gregarious caterpillars shorten their larval development time in response to simulated predation threat
Authors: Cisternas Mónica F. , Ríos Rodrigo S. , Gianoli Ernesto
Published: June 2022

Group living in gregarious caterpillars may shorten the larval stage, which is thought to reduce predation exposure. In the gregarious caterpillar Battus polydamas archidamas (Papilionidae) we addressed the effects of simulated predation threat on the duration of the larval stage in solitary and gregarious caterpillars. We further evaluated the consequences of group rearing and predation stimuli for pupal mass.

We reared caterpillars singly and in groups of ten individuals. Caterpillars were subjected to simulated predation threats (prodding with a paintbrush) and control larvae were untouched. We determined larval stage duration and pupal mass. We also recorded in solitary and gregarious caterpillars the proportion of individuals reacting to predation threats with distinct behavioural responses.

Caterpillars in the group completed larval development earlier than solitary caterpillars. This pattern of accelerated development was already evident in the first instar. Simulated predation reduced the duration of both the entire larval stage and the first instar, but only for caterpillars in the group. Pupal mass was not affected by the predation treatment in either solitary or gregarious caterpillars. Solitary caterpillars showed thrashing and osmeterium display + thrashing more frequently than gregarious caterpillars, while individuals in the group reacted with osmeterium display to a greater extent.

Accelerated larval development in response to predation risk has been predicted by theoretical models, but–to our knowledge–this is the first report on gregarious caterpillars. This putative adaptive response did not entail a fitness cost in terms of pupal mass.
Biochemical changes in Quercus robur L. leaves after Erysiphe alphitoides infection
Authors: Skwarek‐Fadecka Monika , Patykowski Jacek , Nawrocka Justyna , Szymczak Kamil , Kaźmierczak Andrzej , Wielanek Marzena , Ruszkiewicz‐Michalska Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

Although powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides is a major foliage diseases of young oak forest plantations, the knowledge of defence responses of the tree to infection by this pathogen is limited. We investigated biochemical changes characteristic of the defence responses in oak leaves infected to different degrees. Foliage was screened for selected reactive oxygen and nitrogen species using biochemical and histochemical methods in July, August and September over three vegetation seasons. High‐performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry analyses of phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds, respectively, were performed. Changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, that is superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, were also analysed with biochemical and electrophoresis methods. Infection‐induced biochemical responses occurred in oak leaves in all months, mainly in August, including increased catalase and peroxidase activities and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and phenolic compounds of the flavonoid and derivatives of hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids classes. Volatile organic compounds, including lipoxygenase products, isoprenoids and methyl salicylate, were produced with high intensity in all the infected leaves. These results suggested that enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and phenolic compounds, and the involvement of antioxidant enzymes plus induced emissions of volatile organic compounds may be essential components of the defence response of pedunculate oak to infection by E. alphitoides.
The differential impact of duration of untreated psychosis on functioning and quality of life: A threshold analysis
Authors: Golay Philippe , Ramain Julie , Mebdouhi Nadir , Abrahamyan Empson Lilith , Elowe Julien , Solida Alessandra , Conus Philippe
Published: June 2022

Aim

Reduction of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) remains a key goal of early intervention programs. While a significant body of literature suggests that a short DUP has a positive impact on outcome, little is known regarding the threshold above which various dimensions of outcome are impaired. In this study, we explore the DUP threshold that best discriminates subgroups with poorer outcome regarding global functioning and quality of life after 3 years of treatment.

Method

A total of 432 patients were followed‐up prospectively over 3 years. Several hypothetical cut‐off points for DUP were tested in order to maximize differences in effect size for quality of life and general functioning.

Results

While a DUP cut‐off of 86 weeks defined two subpopulations with a difference of greatest effect size in quality of life after 3 years, it is already at a cut‐off of 3 weeks of DUP that two subpopulations with a difference in global functioning of the greatest effect size was reached.

Conclusion

DUP seems to have a differential impact on the various components of outcome, and in particular on quality of life and global functioning. Our data suggest that aiming at very short DUP is justified, but that DUP over 3 weeks are still compatible with good quality of life after 3 years of treatment.
Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between parents' marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and self‐compassion in China
Authors: Wang Die , Xie Ruibo , Ding Wan , Yuan Zhifan , Kayani Sumaira , Li Weijian
Published: June 2022

Abundant research has shown that self‐compassion robustly contributes to adults' psychological well‐being. Meanwhile, a few studies have shown that self‐compassion is rooted in early experiences with parents. However, it is unclear whether interactions with partners and children affect adults' self‐compassion, and the role of their self‐compassion in interactions with significant others. This study examined bidirectional longitudinal relationships between Chinese parents' marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and self‐compassion following a three‐wave longitudinal design. A sample of 322 Chinese father–mother dyads (father's Mage = 35.84, SDage = 5.76; mother's Mage = 34.32, SDage = 5.46) completed a set of questionnaires at three time points. The results showed that marital satisfaction positively predicted the fathers' and mothers' self‐compassion, while parenting stress did not significantly predict the parents' self‐compassion; In contrast, parents' self‐compassion did not significantly predict marital satisfaction or parenting stress. Additionally, there was a bidirectional relationship between marital satisfaction and parenting stress in fathers and mothers. Finally, mothers' marital satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between parenting stress and self‐compassion/next‐stage parenting stress. This study revealed that adults' self‐compassion can develop from caring and supportive relationships, including marital relationships. Highlighting key mechanisms of marital satisfaction, such as increasing self‐compassion and reducing parenting stress, may contribute to the improvement of adults' mental health.
The role of continental shelf bathymetry in shaping marine range shifts in the face of climate change
Authors: Kitchel Zoë J. , Conrad Hailey M. , Selden Rebecca L. , Pinsky Malin L.
Published: June 2022

As a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, marine species on continental shelves around the world are rapidly shifting deeper and poleward. However, whether these shifts deeper and poleward will allow species to access more, less, or equivalent amounts of continental shelf area and associated critical habitats remains unclear. By examining the proportion of seabed area at a range of depths for each large marine ecosystem (LME), we found that shelf area declined monotonically for 19% of LMEs examined. However, the majority exhibited a greater proportion of shelf area in mid‐depths or across several depth ranges. By comparing continental shelf area across 2° latitudinal bands, we found that all coastlines exhibit multiple instances of shelf area expansion and contraction, which have the potential to promote or restrict poleward movement of marine species. Along most coastlines, overall shelf habitat increases or exhibits no significant change moving towards the poles. The exception is the Southern West Pacific, which experiences an overall loss of area with increasing latitude. Changes in continental shelf area availability across latitudes and depths are likely to affect the number of species local ecosystems can support. These geometric analyses help identify regions of conservation priority and ecological communities most likely to face attrition or expansion due to variations in available area
Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib versus transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A comparative retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Xing , Chen Yu‐Xing , Zhou Chun‐Gao , Liu Jin , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai‐Bin , Zu Qing‐Quan
Published: June 2022

Aim

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors target transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)‐mediated vascular endothelial growth factor to inhibit tumor revascularization and to slow tumor progression. The present study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of TACE combined with lenvatinib (TACE‐lenvatinib) and TACE combined with sorafenib (TACE‐sorafenib) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The clinical data of patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC who received TACE‐lenvatinib or TACE‐sorafenib between January 2018 and April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor response, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated and compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 112 patients were enrolled and classified into the TACE‐lenvatinib group (n = 53) and the TACE‐sorafenib group (n = 59). The objective response rates of patients in the TACE‐lenvatinib and TACE‐sorafenib groups were 54.7% and 44.1%, respectively (p = 0.260), and the disease control rates (DCRs) were 81.1% and 61.0% (p = 0.020). The median PFS time was significantly longer in the TACE‐lenvatinib group than in the TACE‐sorafenib group (10.7 vs. 6.0 months; p = 0.002). The median OS time between the TACE‐lenvatinib and TACE‐sorafenib groups also showed a significant difference (30.5 vs. 20.5 months, p = 0.018). All treatment‐related AEs and grade 3/4 AEs were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared to TACE‐sorafenib, TACE‐lenvatinib was associated with better DCR, PFS and OS outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC. In subgroups of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B stage or TACE‐refractory patients, TACE‐lenvatinib also showed a trend of superiority.
Prescribing patterns of antiretroviral treatments during pregnancy for women living with HIV in Canada 2004–2020: A surveillance study
Authors: Carvalho Sabrina , Lee Terry , Tulloch Karen J , Sauve Laura J , Samson Lindy , Brophy Jason C , Bitnun Ari , Singer Joel , Money Deborah , Kakkar Fatima , Boucoiran Isabelle ,   for the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program (CPHSP)
Published: June 2022

Background

While treatment guidelines for HIV in adults have evolved rapidly with the advent of new antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, those for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission in pregnancy have evolved more slowly due to safety and efficacy concerns. Here we describe Canadian prescribing patterns for ARV treatments during pregnancy and compare them to perinatal HIV prescribing guidelines of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), that are commonly used in Canada and include recommendations for newly commercialized therapies.

Methods

The Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program (CPHSP) captures annual medical data on mothers living with HIV and their infants from 23 sites across Canada. Women from this cohort who received an ARV treatment during pregnancy and who gave birth between 2004 and 2020 were included in the study. ARV treatments were designated as ‘preferred/alternative’ as per HHS HIV perinatal guidelines, or ‘other than preferred/alternative’.

Results

We identified 3673 pregnancies from 2720 women. The proportion of women that conceived while on ARV treatment increased from 29% in 2003 to 90% in 2020. Other than preferred/alternative ARV treatments were received in 1112 (30%) of pregnancies and this was significantly associated with having initiated ARV treatment before conception.

Conclusion

In Canada during the study period, a high number of women were prescribed an other than preferred/alternative ARV treatment during pregnancy. Further optimization of ARV treatment in women of childbearing age living with HIV is warranted.
Self‐Ownership and the Duty to Assist
Authors: Spafford Jesse
Published: June 2022

Libertarians are attracted to the self‐ownership thesis because it seems to satisfy four important theoretical desiderata. First, the thesis treats all persons equally by assigning them the same initial set of rights. Second, the thesis gives people the strongest set of ownership rights possible. Third, it assigns persons a determinate set of rights. And, finally, it grounds the libertarian rejection of a duty to assist, benefit, or rescue others. This article argues that these four desiderata cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Specifically, it contends that the first three desiderata can be jointly satisfied only if the thesis merely gives people the right to include their owned bodies in various actions (as opposed to a stronger version of the thesis that gives people permissions to do things with their bodies). However, such an interpretation of the thesis will not satisfy the final desideratum. Thus, libertarians face a tetralemma when defining the self‐ownership thesis.
The relationship between direct care providers' physical activity behaviour and perceived physical activity needs for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kreinbucher‐Bekerle C. , Melville C. , Wells J. S. G. , Ruf W.
Published: June 2022

Background

The promotion of physical activity and the decrease of inactivity and sedentary behaviour are crucial for a healthy lifestyle and positive quality of life. People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of inactivity and sedentary behaviour. Therefore, it is important to increase their physical activity by implementing physical activity guidelines in their daily life. Professional direct care providers can play a decisive role in supporting people with intellectual disabilities to participate in physical activity, but the engagement of direct care providers with this role may be reflective of their own attitudes and beliefs towards physical activity. Therefore, the link between the implementation of current physical activity guidelines for people with intellectual disabilities and direct care providers' own beliefs and behaviour with regard to physical activity is investigated.

Method

A total of 104 direct care providers completed self‐reported questionnaires about their own physical activity behaviour (IPAQ‐SF), recommendations for people with intellectual disabilities (adaption of EMIQ‐HP) and questions regarding global physical activity guidelines. They were also asked about potential barriers and facilitators for the recommendation of physical activity in open‐ended questions.

Results

Personal physical activity behaviour is related to the recommended physical activity for people with intellectual disabilities (moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity: rs = 0.408, P = 0.005). However, recommended physical activity behaviour for people with intellectual disabilities is significantly lower than direct care providers' own physical activity behaviour (P < 0.001). 47.1% of the respondents recommended people with intellectual disabilities to participate in less than the 150 min of moderate intensity physical activity per week for that is recommended in global physical activity guidelines.

Conclusion

Direct care providers may hold stereotypical views and insecurities about the potential harms associated with people with intellectual disabilities participating in physical activity. Therefore, the dissemination of physical activity recommendations for people with intellectual disabilities should be a major target for health professionals, social workers and scientists to address direct care providers' concerns. Furthermore, we need to emphasise the benefits of regular physical activity to professional direct care providers and directly to people with intellectual disabilities.
Changing Impact of Shocks: A Time‐Varying Proxy SVAR Approach
Authors: MUMTAZ HAROON , PETROVA KATERINA
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we extend the Bayesian Proxy vector autoregression (VAR) model to incorporate time variation in the parameters. A novel Metropolis‐within‐Gibbs sampling algorithm is provided to approximate the posterior distributions of the model's parameters. Using the proposed algorithm, we estimate the time‐varying effects of taxation shocks in the United States and the United Kingdom and find evidence for a decline in the impact of these shocks on output growth.
Credit Crunch and Downward Nominal Wage Rigidities
Authors: ROUILLARD JEAN‐FRANÇOIS
Published: June 2022

Through the lens of a DSGE model, I find that financial shocks in conjunction with downward nominal wage rigidities (DNWR) are important features in explaining the degree of asymmetry that U.S. business cycles exhibit. Financial shocks are constructed as residuals of the borrowing constraint faced by firms in a similar fashion to Jermann and Quadrini (2012). The effects of these shocks on aggregate quantity variables are amplified by DNWR, especially during the global financial crisis. Moreover, my model explains a large part of the upward shift in the labor wedge that occurred during this recession.
Integrative couple treatment for pathological gamblers with an emphasis on forgiveness processes: A case study with three couples
Authors: Côté M. , Dufour M. , Tremblay J.
Published: June 2022

Gambling's impact on a couple's relationship is an essential element in the gambling disorder (GD). Gamblers tend to lie to their partner to conceal the extent of their gambling problems and debts, which can lead to a serious relational transgression for the couple. One promising avenue is a couple treatment focusing on forgiveness processes. The objective of this study was to determine whether the Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gamblers (ICT‐PG) with an emphasis on forgiveness processes helped couples to enhance these processes. A Single‐Case Research Design (SCRD) was used with three couples in which one of the members had a GD. The results highlight the importance of jointly analyzing the forgiveness processes between the gamblers and their partner, which constantly influenced each other. These promising results illustrate the relevance of integrating forgiveness processes in treatment for couples where one of the members has a GD.
Electrodiagnostic subtyping in Guillain‐Barré syndrome: Use of criteria in practice based on a survey study in IGOS
Authors: Arends Samuel , Drenthen Judith , Van den Bergh Peter Y.K , Hadden Robert D.M. , Shahrizaila Nortina , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Gerardo , Katzberg Hans , Kiers Lynette , Lehmann Helmar C. , Péréon Yann , Reisin Ricardo C. , Uncini Antonino , Verhamme Camiel , Waheed Wagar , Cornblath David R. , Jacobs Bart C. ,   the IGOS Electrophysiology Expertise Group
Published: June 2022

Electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies are helpful in diagnosing and subtyping of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Published criteria for differentiation into GBS subtypes focus on cutoff values, but other items receive less attention, although they may influence EDx subtyping: (a) extensiveness of EDx testing, (b) nerve‐specific considerations, (c) distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP)‐amplitude requirements, (d) criteria for conduction block and temporal dispersion. The aims of this study were to investigate how these aspects were approached by neuromuscular EDx experts in practice and how this was done in previously published EDx criteria for GBS. A completed questionnaire was returned by 24 (of 49) members of the electrophysiology expertise group from the International GBS Outcome Study. Six published EDx criteria for GBS subtyping were compared regarding these aspects. The indicated minimal number of motor nerves to study varied among respondents and tended to be more extensive in equivocal than normal studies. Respondents varied considerably regarding usage of compression sites for subtyping (median/wrist, ulnar/elbow, peroneal/fibular head): 29% used all variables from all sites, 13% excluded all sites, and 58% used only some sites and/or variables. Thirty‐eight percent of respondents required a minimal distal CMAP amplitude to classify distal motor latency as demyelinating, and 58% did for motor conduction velocity. For proximal/distal CMAP‐amplitude ratio and F‐wave latency, a requisite minimal CMAP amplitude was more often required (79%). Also, the various published criteria sets showed differences on all items. Practical use of EDx criteria for subtyping GBS vary extensively across respondents, potentially lowering the reproducibility of GBS subtyping.