bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcome of TB patients in a district of north India: a three year study
Authors: Padda P , Gupta V , Devgan S , Chaudhary S , Singh G
Published: April 2015

Background   Tuberculosis (TB), still remains a public health problem of great concern. It was estimated that 8.6 million people developed TB and 1.3 million died from it. India has the highest TB burden in the world. DOTS ensures high cure. Therefore the present study was planned to assess the outcome of DOTS treatment among pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB patients reporting at DOTS centers of the district Materials and methods: A record based study using the routine program data of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme was conducted in one of twenty two districts of state of Punjab, situated in northern India. Records of all the patients registered from 1st January 2011 till 31st December 2013 were analysed using descriptive statistics. The differences between proportions were compared using tests of significance. Results:  A total of 2571 new cases of Tuberculosis were registered during the study period of three years, out of which 44.8%, 22.9% and 32.3% were diagnosed to be new smear positive, smear negative and suffering from Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB)  and a total of 369 retreatment cases were registered. Cure rates were highest among patients suffering from EPTB when compared to those of smear positive and smear negative. The proportion of defaulters among smear positive failures was highest, followed by smear positive after default and lowest in smear positive relapses. Conclusion Cure rates were higher among EPTB cases whereas default rate was more among patients suffering from pulmonary TB. Therefore higher level of motivation of cases by health and non-health personnel is required as untreated or under treated pulmonary TB cases are responsible for transmission of the disease in the community. Default rates could be decreased by concrete efforts in the form of strict supervision and monitoring. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i1.12376
Cracks on the Roots of Turbine Blades of the Low-Pressure Turbine in a Steam Power Plant
Authors: Plesiutschnig E. , Vallant R. , Stöfan G. , Sommitsch C. , Mayr M. , Marn A. , Heitmeier F.
Published: April 2015

Cracks were found in the roots of steam turbine blades of the third blade row (LA-2) of the low-pressure turbine during revision works in a coal-fired power plant. Metallographic examinations reveal pitting corrosion sites, branched cracks, and local plastic deformation at the root of the first load bearing flank radius. The fracture surface was analyzed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finite element (FE) simulations were performed in order to qualitatively represent the stress peak positions on the blade root.
Novel Methods for the Site Specific Preparation of Micromechanical Structures
Authors: Wurster S. , Treml R. , Fritz R. , Kapp M. W. , Langs E. , Alfreider M. , Ruhs C. , Imrich P.J. , Felber G. , Kiener D.
Published: April 2015

The ongoing trend towards miniaturization in various fields of material science requires the capability to investigate the local mechanical properties of the concerned structures by miniaturized mechanical experiments. Besides nanoindentation, miniaturized experiments such as micro-compression, micro-tension, micro-bending, or micro-fracture tests were employed frequently in recent times. A major challenge for these experiments is the fabrication of specimens. Therefore, we present different approaches to prepare miniaturized testing objects in a site specific way, using strategies that employ chemical etching, broad beam ion milling, and focussed ion beam milling. Depending on the required sample size and precision, the typical strategies for sample fabrication will be outlined, and the benefits and drawbacks of the techniques are discussed. Finally, applications of specimens produced by the different procedures are presented.
Imaging Structural Damage of Bacteria on Antibacterial Copper – a Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Using FIB Cross-Sectioning
Authors: Hans M. , Rojan A.-L. , Mücklich F.
Published: April 2015

The combination Scanning Electron Microscopy/Focused Ion Beam sectioning represents an established method for the three-dimensional characterization of material microstructures. This work examines whether this method of analysis is also applicable in case of a high resolution structure elucidation of bacterial cells in interaction with material surfaces. Here, the focus is on imaging the mechanism of bacteria cell damage induced by antibacterial copper materials.
Computed tomography evaluation of the normal craniocervical junction craniometry in 100 asymptomatic patients
Authors: Batista Ulysses C. , Joaquim Andrei F. , Fernandes Yvens B. , Mathias Roger N. , Ghizoni Enrico , Tedeschi Helder
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Most of the craniometric relationships of the normal craniocervical junction (CCJ), especially those related to angular craniometry, are still poorly studied and based on measurements taken from simple plain radiographs. In this study, the authors performed a craniometric evaluation of the CCJ in a population without known CCJ anomalies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the normal CCJ craniometry based on measurements obtained from CT scans.

METHOD

The authors analyzed 100 consecutive CCJ CT scans obtained in adult patients who were admitted at their tertiary hospital for treatment of non-CCJ conditions between 2010 and 2012. A total of 17 craniometrical measurements were performed, including the relation of the odontoid with the cranial base, the atlantodental interval (ADI), the clivus length, the clivus-canal angle (CCA)—the angle formed by the clivus and the upper cervical spine, and the basal angle.

RESULTS

The mean age of the 100 patients was 50.6 years, and the group included 52 men (52%) and 48 women (48%). In 5 patients (5%), the tip of the odontoid process was more than 2 mm above the Chamberlain line, and in one of these 5 patients (1% of the study group). it was more than 5 mm above it. One patient had a Grabb-Oakes measurement above 9 mm (suggesting ventral cervicomedullary encroachment). The mean ADI value was 1.1 mm. The thickness of the external occipital protuberance ranged from 7.42 to 22.36 mm. The mean clivus length was 44.74 mm, the mean CCA was 153.68° (range 132.32°–173.95°), and the mean basal angle was 113.73° (ranging from 97.06°–133.26°).

CONCLUSIONS

The data obtained in this study can be useful for evaluating anomalies of the CCJ in comparison with normal parameters, potentially improving the diagnostic criteria of these anomalies. When evaluating CCJ malformations, one should take into account the normal ranges based on CT scans, with more precise bone landmarks, instead of those obtained from simple plain radiographs.
Radiological evaluation of cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Joaquim Andrei F. , Ghizoni Enrico , Tedeschi Helder , Appenzeller Simone , Riew K. Daniel , MD
Published: April 2015

Cervical spine involvement commonly occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially those with inadequate treatment or severe disease forms. The most common site affected by RA is the atlantoaxial joint, potentially resulting in atlantoaxial instability, with cervical pain and neurological deficits. The second most common site of involvement is the subaxial cervical spine, often with subluxation, resulting in nerve root or spinal cord compression.

In this paper, the authors review the most commonly used plain radiographic criteria to diagnose cervical instabilities seen with RA. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cervical CT and MRI in the setting of cervical involvement in RA.
Anatomy and biomechanics of the craniovertebral junction
Authors: Lopez Alejandro J. , Scheer Justin K. , Leibl Kayla E. , Smith Zachary A. , Dlouhy Brian J. , Dahdaleh Nader S.
Published: April 2015

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has unique anatomical structures that separate it from the subaxial cervical spine. In addition to housing vital neural and vascular structures, the majority of cranial flexion, extension, and axial rotation is accomplished at the CVJ. A complex combination of osseous and ligamentous supports allow for stability despite a large degree of motion. An understanding of anatomy and biomechanics is essential to effectively evaluate and address the various pathological processes that may affect this region. Therefore, the authors present an up-to-date narrative review of CVJ anatomy, normal and pathological biomechanics, and fixation techniques.
Endoscopic endonasal transclival transodontoid approach for ventral decompression of the craniovertebral junction: operative technique and nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Patel Jimmy , Goldstein Ira M. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: April 2015

The transoral approach is considered the gold-standard surgical route for performing anterior odontoidectomy and ventral decompression of the craniovertebral junction for pathological conditions that result in symptomatic cervicomedullary compression, including basilar invagination, rheumatoid pannus, platybasia with retroflexed odontoid processes, and neoplasms. Extended modifications to increase the operative corridor and exposure include the transmaxillary, extended “open-door” maxillotomy, transpalatal, and transmandibular approaches. With the advent of extended endoscopic endonasal skull base techniques, there has been increased interest in the last decade in the endoscopic endonasal transclival transodontoid approach to the craniovertebral junction. The endonasal route represents an attractive minimally invasive surgical alternative, especially in cases of irreducible basilar invagination in which the pathology is situated well above the palatine line. Angled endoscopes and instrumentation can also be used for lower-lying pathology. By avoiding the oral cavity and subsequently using a transoral retractor, the endonasal route has the advantages of avoiding complications related to tongue swelling, tracheal swelling, prolonged intubation, velopharyngeal insufficiency, dysphagia, and dysphonia. Postoperative recovery is quicker, and hospital stays are shorter. In this report, the authors describe and illustrate their method of purely endoscopic endonasal transclival odonotoidectomy for anterior decompression of the craniovertebral junction and describe various operative pearls and nuances of the technique for avoiding complications.
Motion-related vascular abnormalities at the craniocervical junction: illustrative case series and literature review
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Neil Jayson A. , Mazur Marcus D. , Park Min S. , Couldwell William T. , Taussky Philipp
Published: April 2015

The craniocervical junction (CCJ) functions within a complicated regional anatomy necessary to protect and support vital neurovascular structures. In select instances, vascular pathology can be attributed to this complicated interplay of motion and structure found within this narrow space. The authors report 3 cases of complex vascular pathology related to motion at the CCJ and detail the management of these cases. Two cases involved posterior circulation vascular compression syndromes, and one case involved a vascular anomaly and its relation to aneurysm formation and rupture. The patient in Case 1 was a 66-year-old man with a history of syncopal episodes resulting from the bilateral vertebral artery becoming occluded when he rotated his head. Successful microsurgical decompression at the skull base resulted in patent bilateral vertebral artery V3 segments upon head movement in all directions. The patient in Case 2 was a 53-year-old woman who underwent elective resection of a right temporal meningioma and who experienced postoperative drowsiness, dysphagia, and mild right-arm ataxia. Subsequent MRI demonstrated bilateral posterior inferior cerebel-lar artery (PICA) strokes. Cerebral angiography showed a single PICA, of extradural origin, supplying both cerebellar hemispheres. The PICA exhibited dynamic extradural compression when the patient rotated her head; the bilateral PICA strokes were due to head rotation during surgical positioning. In Case 3, a 37-year-old woman found unconscious in her home had diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and evidence of a right PICA aneurysm. A right far-lateral craniectomy was performed for aneurysm clipping, and she was found to have a dissecting aneurysm with an associated PICA originating extradurally. There was a shearing phenomenon of the extradural PICA along the dura of the foramen magnum, and this microtraumatic stress imposed on the vessel resulted in a dissecting aneurysm. This series of complex and unusual cases highlights the authors’ understanding of vascular pathology of the CCJ and its management.
Endoscopic endonasal approach for craniovertebral junction pathology: a review of the literature
Authors: Morales-Valero Saul F. , Serchi Elena , Zoli Matteo , Mazzatenta Diego , Van Gompel Jamie J.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

The transoral approach is the gold standard for ventral decompression of the brainstem caused by craniovertebral junction (CVJ) pathology. This approach is often associated with significant morbidity, related to swallowing and respiratory complications. The endoscopic endonasal approach was introduced to reduce the rate of these complications. However, the exact role of this approach in the treatment of CVJ pathology is not well defined.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify series of patients with pathology of the CVJ treated via the endoscopie endonasal approach. Data on patient characteristics, indications for treatment, complications, and outcome were obtained and analyzed.

RESULTS

Twelve studies involving 72 patients were included. The most common indications for treatment were rheumatoid pannus (38.9%) and basilar invagination (29.2%). Cerebrospinal fluid leak was found in 18% of cases intraoperatively and 4.2% of cases postoperatively. One case of meningitis complicated by sepsis and death represents the procedure-related mortality of 1.4%. Of the patients without preoperative swallowing impairment, 95% returned to oral feeding on the 3rd postoperative day. Ninety-three percent of patients experienced improvement in neurological symptoms after the procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

The endonasal endoscopie approach is effective for the treatment of neural compression caused by CVJ pathology. It offers advantages such as lower rates of postoperative dysphagia and respiratory complications when compared with the more traditional transoral approach. However, these 2 approaches should be seen as complementary rather than alternatives. Patient-related factors as well as the surgeon’s expertise must be considered when making treatment decisions.
Nutritional Status of Child labourers in Dhaka city of Bangladesh: Findings from a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rahman Md Naimur , Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Hossain Md Ikbal
Published: April 2015

Background: Nearly 7.9 million children are working in Bangladesh; many of which in urban areas, particularly in Dhaka city. Working during childhood impedes the childrens growth potential leading to malnutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional status and food intake pattern of child laborers of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methodology: The study followed a cross-sectional study design and was conducted among 100 randomly selected child laborers (aged 5-17 years) from an NGO led school of Dhaka. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard methods while socio-economic status and dietary intake were assessed through interviewing the respondents with a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Epi info and MS excel DANS(R) software. Results: Forty five percent children were fixed salary earners and 89% of them worked to support their family. Anthropometric assessment reveled that, 26%, 15% and 26% respondents were stunted, wasted and underweight respectively. According to BMI for age, 39% of the children were thinner. Overall, 52.1% and 60.8% of the calorie requirement and 77.6% and 82.2% of the protein requirement were fulfilled by boys and girls respectively. Almost all the micronutrients requirement except that of thiamin and vitamin C were very poorly fulfilled. Conclusions: Overall, nutritional status of the child laborers were below acceptance. Per capita dietary intake was poor and imbalanced containing very low amount of micronutrients leading to malnutrition. Nutrition intervention program needs to be administered especially targeting working children. Adult unemployment and underemployment should be reduced and parents need to make aware of the harmful nutritional impact of working in childhood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22821 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :130-136
Study of Cardiovascular Malformation in Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Two Tertiary Level Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Nazme Nure Ishrat , Hussain Manzoor , Hoque Md Mahbubul , Dey Arjun Chandra , Das Ashith Chandra
Published: April 2015

Background: Congenital Rubella infection is a serious disabling problem for children resulting in Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). The exact pattern of the CRS related cardiovascular malformation has not yet been well established in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to observe the pattern of cardiovascular malformation in Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Total 40 suspected CRS cases were recruited from both indoor and outpatient departments of the two study hospitals. Serum samples were tested for rubella-specific IgM and IgG, visual and hearing assessment, chest radiography and colour doppler echocardiography were performed at appropriate specialized centres. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the study population (n=40) was 6.6 (±5.7) months (range: 024 months), 68% children were male and 32% were female. Congenital heart disease (CHD) was found in 78% children. Patent ductus arteriosus was the commonest (47.5%) structural defect followed by pulmonary stenosis (22%), atrial septal defect (17.5%) and ventricular septal defect (17%). The chest X-ray of CHD cases showed cardiomegaly in 71% cases and patchy opacity and/or consolidation in 65% cases. Regarding serological assessment of the 37 patients (3 patients rejected blood collection), 60% cases showed IgG positive and 28% cases revealed positive IgM. Conclusions: Various forms of cardiovascular malformation are present in CRS patients. Treatment modalities differ in each type of CHD and its early detection can reduce childhood mortality and morbidity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22822 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :137-141
Cysticercal Encephalitis, A Rare Presentation of Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report
Authors: Debnath Bithi , Mazumder Suraj C , Mahbub Mustafa , Khan Naila Zaman
Published: April 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22830 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :169-172
Abstract from Current Literature 38(3)
Authors: Khaleque Md Abdul , Hafiz Md Golam , La Rosa Cristian German Sanchez , Hernandez Armando Pena
Published: April 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22831 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :174-176
Regeneration of a recombinant infectious bursal disease virus having four amino acid substitutions in VP2 by reverse genetics
Authors: Noor M , Lüken C , Das PM , Islam MR , Müller H
Published: April 2015

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a virus with a double-stranded, bi-segmented RNA genome, is an economically important pathogen of chickens. Recent understanding of the molecular biology of IBDV has implicated several amino acid residues in the capsid protein VP2 in pathogenicity and tissue culture adaptation. In the present study a recombinant strain of IBDV having four mutations in VP2 (Gln253His, Asp279Asn, Ala284Thr and Ser330Arg) has been generated using reverse genetics. Desired mutations were introduced in the VP2 gene of the cloned cDNA of genome segment A of a very virulent (vv) IBDV by site-directed mutagenesis. Capped RNA transcribed in vitro from cloned cDNA of the modified segment A and wild type segment B was co-transfected into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture. The recombinant virus, designated as BD- 3tcC, was rescued from the transfected cell culture and characterized in vitro. BD-3tcC retained all the four desired mutations and replicated with titres only slightly lower than those of CEF cell-culture-adapted wild-type IBDV. This recombinant strain can be used in future studies for understanding the biological significance of these four amino acid residues in VP2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v31i1.22838 Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 1, 12-19
Surgical affections of cattle in the milk-shed areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker NU , Samaddar K , Haq MM , Rahman MM
Published: April 2015

Little is known of the occurrence of surgical affections of cattle at the government veterinary hospitals of Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of surgical disorders in five Upazila Veterinary Hospitals (UVH) in greater Pabna administrative district. A total of 33,584 sick animals were investigated and the overall occurrence of surgical disorders is 12.9%. The most common surgical affection is navel ill (25.8%) followed by myiasis (13.0%), foot diseases (11.3%), arthritis (8.8%) and teat obstruction (8.4%). Navel ill, umbilical hernia, arthritis, horn affections, urolithiasis and tail gangrene are more common in male than female. Foot diseases, myiasis, upward patellar fixation and hip dislocation are more common in female than male. Myiasis and arthritis are found more in summer, whereas foot diseases, urolithiasis and teat crack are more common in winter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v31i1.22841 Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 1, 38-45
Development of milk replacer for rearing kids
Authors: Sultana N , Hossain SMJ , Sultana S , Hassan MR
Published: April 2015

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different milk replacers on the performance of kids. In a 60-day feeding trial, twenty kids of both sexes (15 days of age and average 1.9 ± 0.4 kg BW) were divided into four groups having five kids in each and were assigned to four treatments: milk replacer prepared using shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) powder (T1), milk replacer prepared using fresh eggs and wheat flower (T2) and milk replacer prepared from skim milk powder (T3). Total DM and milk DM intake were significantly (P<0.001) higher in T1 than T3, T0 and T2 groups. ME and MP intake were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 than the other three groups. Average daily gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 compared to T2 and T3 groups, while control was intermediate. Body weight gain of T2 and T3 group increased up to 5th week and declined thereafter. Feed conversion efficiency did not differ significantly between groups. DM and OM digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 group. N retention (as percentage of N-intake) was lower in T3 group. Costs for T0, T1, T2 and T3 groups were 4.7, 9.0, 36.6 and 4.7 Tk/100g (or 0.054, 0.113, 0.456 and 0.054 $/100g) mixed dry milk replacer. Since the supplementation of milk replacer did not affect weight gain, FCR and nutrient utilization, milk replacer was cost-effective. Therefore, shoti and egg + wheat can be fed to goat kids as an alternative to goat milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v31i1.22842 Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 1, 46-54
Philip Brookes Mason (1842–1903): surgeon, general practitioner and naturalist
Authors: Francis Patricia
Published: April 2015

Philip Brookes Mason (1842–1903) of Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, was a medical doctor, a keen naturalist and collector. He first devoted himself to the study of botany, later Lepidoptera, then conchology and finally Coleoptera. His private collections, however, were of a wider nature accumulated both from his own gatherings and from purchases. He was an important figure in the Burton-on-Trent Natural History and Archaeological Society and in national societies including the Entomological Society of London and the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. He campaigned for a museum in Burton-on-Trent and his medical and altruistic achievements are also noteworthy. The current whereabouts of his collections are given in an appendix.
New insights into the controversy surrounding marine biological laboratory (Marine Station) facilities in the Firth of Clyde in the early twentieth century
Authors: Moore P. G.
Published: April 2015

Three letters from the Sheina Marshall archive at the former University Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM) reveal the pivotal significance of Sheina Marshall's father, Dr John Nairn Marshall, behind the scheme planned by Glasgow University's Regius Professor of Zoology, John Graham Kerr. He proposed to build an alternative marine station facility on Cumbrae's adjacent island of Bute in the Firth of Clyde in the early years of the twentieth century to cater predominantly for marine researchers.
Climats tempérés et santé : quelques caractères originaux des risques climatiques majeurs aux latitudes moyennes (Temperate climates and health : some specific features of the major climatic risks in mid-latitudes)
Authors: Besancenot Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - Aux latitudes moyennes, les manifestations pathologiques imputables au climat restent exceptionnelles sans une forte météorosensibilité. Dès lors, les risques climatiques majeurs (associés, par exemple, aux fortes vagues de chaleur ou de froid) ne peuvent pas être définis en eux-mêmes, mais en fonction de la vulnérabilité particulière des populations qui y sont exposées. En outre, la nature et l'intensité de ces risques varient assez fortement à l'intérieur de la «zone » tempérée, tandis qu'une même maladie météorosensible peut, suivant les individus, être déterminée par des paroxysmes climatiques bien différents, voire opposés.
A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent
Authors: Yan Xiaoliang , Li Sha , Pan Yun-xiang , Yang Zhi , Liu Xuguang
Published: April 2015

A facile, green and environmental-friendly method for preparing Cu1.8S dendrites was developed. Copper nitrate and thiamine hydrochloride were selected as the starting materials in the water phase under hydrothermal conditions. No addition of a surfactant or a complex reagent was required for the synthesis of the Cu1.8S dendrite structures. Thiamine hydrochloride was employed as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent. The growth mechanism of Cu1.8S is tentatively discussed based on the experimental and computational results.
Protection of bridges against stray current corrosion
Authors: Zakowski Krzysztof , Narozny Michal , Darowicki Kazimierz
Published: April 2015

A case study of Siennicki Bridge stray current corrosion hazard is presented. A corrosion risk was caused by incorrectly designed tram line traction which goes over the bridge. No dielectric insulation between running rails and bridge steel construction was used. A variety of protection methods against stray currents are described. Characteristics of the endangered bridge were described. Impressed current cathodic protection system against stray currents was proposed and designed at the Department of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Materials Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology. Coupon technique measurements and potential measurements were performed to verify the effectiveness of the protection system.
The contributions of the concept of ‘high reliability organisation’ to the improvement of safety and quality in French paediatric acute care services
Authors: de Bovis-Vlahovic Camille , Baret Christophe , Yalenios Jocelyne
Published: April 2015

La quête de l’amélioration de la qualité et de la sécurité des soins est une préoccupation majeure pour les organisations de santé. La qualité et la sécurité des soins dépendent principalement des pratiques concrètes de soin exercées par les personnels soignants. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’aborder les questions de la qualité et de la sécurité des soins en adoptant le regard des « organisations à haute fiabilité » (HRO) proposé par Roberts (1990). Pour ce faire, nous adoptons une démarche exploratoire qualitative, dans laquelle nous éprouvons la pertinence des caractéristiques des HRO. Nous avons réalisé 12 entretiens auprès des personnels médicaux et soignants de 2 services de soins aigus d’un centre hospitalier universitaire : un service de réanimation pédiatrique et un service d’hématologie-oncologie pédiatrique. Dans ces services de soins aigus, les situations de soins sont complexes et évolutives ce qui accroît les risques d’erreur. Les résultats mettent en évidence qu’au-delà des normes et des protocoles de soins préconisés par la Haute Autorité de Santé et les sociétés savantes, la qualité et la sécurité des soins reposent sur une intelligence collective et une action collective. Nous montrons que ces dernières s’appuient sur des connaissances et des représentations partagées des soins qui se construisent au cours de différentes situations de gestion (formation, compagnonnage, réunions, simulation de soins, etc.) mais aussi au cours d’échanges informels entre les différentes catégories de personnel. Si elles sont essentielles, ces situations de gestion n’en sont pas moins fragiles, il revient alors à l’encadrement de veiller à leur maintien.
Évaluation quasi-expérimentale des interventions médicales : méthode des variables instrumentales
Authors: Ghabri Salah , Launois Robert
Published: April 2015

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter, sans formalisation statistique excessive, la méthode des variables instrumentales (VI) pour analyser la sécurité comparative des interventions en vie réelle. La méthode des VI est utilisée dans le cadre des études observationnelles. Nous l’illustrerons à l’aide d’un exemple de la littérature portant sur la sécurité comparative des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) utilisant les préférences de prescription des médecins pour les AINS comme VI. L’approche des VI permet de contrôler le biais d’indication mais elle est toutefois très contraignante au niveau de la vérification de la validité des VI.
Trajectoires de soins et facteurs sociodémographiques : l’exemple des maladies rares en France
Authors: Le Chaffotec Alexandra
Published: April 2015

Cet article offre une illustration des facteurs influençant la trajectoire de soins suivie par les malades, en prenant l’exemple de malades atteints d’une maladie rare. Grâce à une base de données originale de 587 malades interrogés, il est possible d’observer que les caractéristiques personnelles des malades influencent la longueur et la forme de la trajectoire de soins. Nous analysons en particulier trois variables enclines à témoigner de la qualité de la trajectoire de soins pour les maladies rares : le délai de diagnostic, la connaissance et la consultation des centres de référence dédiés à ces maladies. Nous montrons que la première variable est influencée par des caractéristiques personnelles, telles que l’âge du malade, par les choix de contacts médicaux effectués par le malade (le nombre de contacts et la structure contactée) et par les attributs de sa maladie (sévérité et prévalence). Les deux autres variables sont essentiellement influencées par la dimension régionale, c’est-à-dire la région d’habitation du malade et la distance kilométrique qui sépare son habitation du centre de référence. Cela est susceptible de constituer un frein à l’encontre de la politique de santé publique visant à mettre en place des dispositifs organisationnels et à améliorer l’accès au soin, à l’instar des centres de référence maladies rares.
Origines des nouvelles pathologies liées au travail et possibilités de prévention
Authors: Ganem Valérie
Published: April 2015

À partir des résultats des recherches menées depuis trente ans par les spécialistes en psychodynamique du travail sur l’avènement des nouvelles pathologies liées au travail, il s’agira de montrer l’importance de l’organisation du travail réelle pour la santé des travailleurs et le caractère délétère des évolutions actuelles des formes de management. À partir de cette démonstration, les modalités actuelles de prévention des risques dit « psychosociaux » montreront leurs limites du fait qu’elles focalisent leur attention sur la fragilité des sujets et qu’elles utilisent trop souvent des méthodes quantitatives basées sur l’utilisation de questionnaires et de techniques d’observations directes impuissantes à saisir et analyser ces éléments en cause dans l’apparition des nouvelles pathologies liées au travail.
L’intérêt des théories psychosociales pour comprendre les styles vestimentaires des adolescents
Authors: Badaoui Khafid , Lebrun Anne-Marie , Bouchet Patrick
Published: April 2015

L’objet de cette recherche est de montrer l’ intérêt académique et managérial des théories psychosociales pour comprendre les styles vestimentaires des adolescents. Au-delà des approches marketing et sociologiques, il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’apport des théories de l’identité sociale (T.I.S.) (Tajfel et Turner, 1979) et de l’autocatégorisation (T.A.C.) (Turner et al. , 1987) afin d’identifier les principaux facteurs d’influence liés à la construction identitaire de ces jeunes au regard de leur choix de style et/ou de consommation de produits et de marques d’habillement. Une démarche qualitative sur un corpus discursif issu d’entretiens et de forums on-line d’adolescents a été mobilisée. Les résultats montrent que les dimensions sociales surtout et personnelles influencent l’appartenance à un style vestimentaire, celui-ci se matérialisant en termes de bricolage « cohérent » de produits et/ou de marques de textile variées. De cette recherche émergent des préconisations pertinentes de cross-merchandising pour les professionnels des marques et des enseignes du marché du textile-habillement en termes de gammes larges et de lignes de produits profondes.
Taux de change et politique touristique durable
Authors: Ghadban Socrat
Published: April 2015

Les fluctuations du taux de change ont des impacts sur tous les secteurs économiques surtout au niveau de l’exportation, de l’importation, du choix d’investissement, du pouvoir d’achat et du secteur du tourisme. Le tourisme et le taux de change sont très vulnérables à des facteurs exogènes d’où la complexité qui se pose au niveau de la gestion. Assurer un développement durable est devenu une préoccupation pour les états et les acteurs touristiques, d’où une autre complexité qui s’ajoute au secteur touristique. Le développement durable consiste à assurer l’équilibre entre trois pôles en tension : économique, social et environnemental. Les études réalisées dans cette recherche ont montré que le taux de change a un impact important sur le tourisme notamment sur la durabilité économique de ce secteur. Le modèle économique qui se base sur la compétitivité des prix touristiques, qui a été adopté dans cette recherche, a pu estimer qu’une appréciation de l’euro de 10 % peut détériorer la balance touristique française d’environ 4 Milliards d’euros. De même, une étude sectorielle comparative entre la Grèce et la Turquie a prouvé la durabilité de la compétitivité touristique de la Grèce malgré la crise. Ces résultats montrent la nécessité de promulguer et d’appliquer une politique touristique durable, maintenir une durabilité économique du secteur touristique et adopter un management effectif prenant en compte la complexité du tourisme et du taux de change. Finalement, le tourisme domestique reste le pilier dans n’importe quelle politique touristique nationale qui, en même temps, évite la détérioration de la monnaie locale.
Le dualisme johannique. Une question
Authors: Simoens Yves
Published: April 2015

L’interprétation par R. Bultmann d’un dualisme johannique, non au plan ontologique, mais à celui de la décision morale et religieuse, a bénéficié d’un large consensus, toutes composantes du corpus johannique et toutes confessions confondues. Il est ici remis en question parce qu’il ne semble pas correspondre aux données objectives des textes. Des orientations plus fondamentales de l’Évangile, de la première Épître et de l’Apocalypse sont mises en valeur à la lumière d’un sondage forcément limité d’extraits représentatifs dans le cadre d’un article. Le renvoi à d’autres contributions plus substantielles permet une justification plus serrée des positions adoptées. Le corpus johannique n’est pas dualiste parce que la Bible ne l’est pas, bien que certaines de ses pages puissent prêter à confusion de ce point de vue.
La vulnérabilité des formes de vie
Authors: Laugier Sandra
Published: April 2015

La notion de forme de vie se retrouve dans plusieurs contextes théoriques, de Wittgenstein au biopolitique et à la théorie critique. Les Lebensformen sont des configurations de coexistence humaine, dont la texture est faite des pratiques ou agencies qui les produisent ou les modifient. Mais il reste à préciser cette texture, cette forme que prend notre vie dans le langage. C’est dans une approche pragmatique, fondée sur les analyses de Wittgenstein, Veena Das et de Stanley Cavell que l’ont cherche ici une réponse ; la vulnérabilité de la forme de vie et l’éthique du care comme protection de la continuité des formes de vie ; la naturalité et l’expressivité des formes de vie humaines ; le passage de la pluralité des formes de vie humaine à celle d’une vulnérabilité essentielle de la forme vitale, du vivant.
Systemic Sovereign Risk in Europe: an MES and CES Approach
Authors: Popescu Alexandra , Turcu Camelia
Published: April 2015

Nous transposons les mesures de risque systémique utilisées dans la littérature financière à la crise de la dette souveraine. Notre analyse est développée sur deux mesures de risque systémique : la MES (marginal expected shortfall) et la CES (component expected shortfall). Ces mesures sont estimées par un modèle de corrélation conditionnelle dynamique (DCC) et par des techniques non paramétriques. Nous utilisons des données quotidiennes sur les rendements des obligations d’État à 10 ans et des dettes souveraines trimestrielles sur la période 2001-2013 pour onze pays de la zone euro. Nos résultats nous permettent d’identifier les pays qui ont la plus forte contribution au risque systémique et d’effectuer des comparaisons en termes de risque de pays dans la zone euro.
Les réseaux sociaux numériques. Vers un renouveau de la communication dans les entreprises ?
Authors: Gire Fabienne , Boboc Anca , Rosanvallon Jérémie , Rosanvallon Jérémie
Published: April 2015

Nombre d’entreprises jouent actuellement la carte des réseaux sociaux numériques en espérant améliorer la circulation de l’information, faire émerger de nouvelles formes de collaboration, favoriser la transversalité dans les échanges et le partage des compétences, tout en luttant contre la surcharge informationnelle. Une enquête par questionnaire réalisée auprès de salariés d’une grande entreprise inscrits sur le réseau social interne, complétée par une série d’entretiens, montre que les réseaux d’entreprise, loin de révolutionner les pratiques professionnelles, se positionnent comme un outil de travail prolongeant les pratiques déjà existantes. Les usages collaboratifs de l’outil se développent plus que la dimension sociale (présentation de soi, enrichissement des réseaux relationnels). Cette deuxième dimension pourrait-elle se développer dans des organisations plus horizontales ? La question reste ouverte.
Le travail à l’épreuve de la communication. Les inspecteurs de santé publique vétérinaire entre injonctions de la com’ et désir de communiquer
Authors: Labregère Roland
Published: April 2015

Les Inspecteurs de santé publique vétérinaire ( ispv ), fonctionnaires d’État, agissent au sein des services territorialisés du ministère de l’Agriculture. Ils sont chargés de la mise en œuvre des orientations de la politique de santé publique. Au quotidien, ils sont incités à répondre à des injonctions à communiquer émises par l’administration. Les crises sanitaires qui se répètent à intervalles réguliers ont obligé les ispv à prendre part à de nombreuses démarches de communication qui sont ressenties comme inappropriés vis-à-vis de leurs expertises scientifiques et techniques. Cela les conduit à interroger le management qu’ils rencontrent dans les services.
10-Year Experience With Short Stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: von Lewinski Gabriela , Floerkemeier Thilo
Published: April 2015

Since 1998, short stem total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been performed at the authors’ institution. Currently, 30% of THAs are performed with short stems. This article reports on complications that required revision of a short stem THA. Between September 2005 and February 2012, a total of 1953 Metha short stem THAs were performed; of these, 38 required revision due to mechanical complications. In 12 cases, the modular titanium neck adapter failed. In 19 cases, aseptic implant loosening occurred; of these, 11 cases were due to major stem subsidence. In 2 cases, via falsa (cortical penetration) implantation occurred. In 5 cases, periprosthetic fractures led to revision. This corresponds to an aseptic total revision rate of 1.3% for 26 short stems and 1.9% including the cases of all 38 documented revision cases. Thirty-four cases were revised with cementless standard hip stems, 2 cases were revised with short stems, and 2 cases were revised with long revision stems. Undersizing was analyzed in 58% of aseptic revisions. Fifty-four percent of revisions were performed in male patients — 23% with osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and 7% with short hip stems positioned in varus in coxa vara deformities. Seventy-two percent of revisions after marked early stem subsidence and position change into valgus were performed in female patients. Dysplastic hips with coxa valga did not show elevated revision rates. No revisions were performed for dislocation or femoral thigh pain. Short stem THA with the Metha implant is a bone-preserving option for various indications in select patient groups.
Posterior Hoffa's fat pad impingement secondary to a thickened infrapatellar plica: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Radu Arnold , Discepola Federico , Volesky Monica , Munk Peter L , Le Huy
Published: April 2015

We report a case of posterior hoffitis in a middle-aged woman with no prior history of significant major trauma. Her symptoms of anterior knee pain and limited extension failed conservative measures. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a significantly thickened infrapatellar plica tethering Hoffa`s fat pad in the anterior interval of the knee. Arthroscopic resection of the infrapatellar plica resulted in complete resolution of symptoms within six months following the surgery.
Amniotic band syndrome with sacral agenesis and umbilical cord entrapment: A case report emphasizing the value of evaluation of umbilical cord
Authors: Gupta Kanika , Venkatesan Bhuvaneswari , Chandra Tushar , Rajeswari Kathiah , Renuka Devi Thangammal Kandasamy
Published: April 2015

Amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts by fibrous amniotic bands in utero. The congenital anomalies seen in this syndrome vary widely and defects may be isolated or multiple and do not follow a specific pattern. Asymmetric distribution of defects is the hallmark of this syndrome. The diagnosis is difficult to make on ultrasound and relies on identification of amniotic bands. We report a case of amniotic band syndrome with sacral agenesis diagnosed on routine antenatal ultrasound scan in the second offspring of a recently diagnosed diabetic mother. The associated features were entrapment of umbilical cord, caudal adhesions and lower limb anomalies. Medical termination of pregnancy was done and all the fetal anomalies as well as umbilical cord abnormalities were confirmed. The importance of meticulous scanning to evaluate for amniotic bands and the umbilical cord in addition to the fetal structures is emphasized.
Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft
Authors: Villanueva-Meyer Javier , Glastonbury Christine , Marcovici Peter
Published: April 2015

Congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare anomaly that typically presents in the neonatal period as a thin suprasternal vertical band of erythematous skin with a nipple-like projection superiorly, which may exude fluid. We present the clinical and pathophysiologic features and the imaging findings of this uncommon, and rarely described entity in a newborn girl.
Fouling community dominated by Metridium senile (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in Bahía San Julián (southern Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Martin Juan Pablo , Garese Agustín , Sar Alicia , Acuña Fabián H.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study is to provide information about a harbour-fouling community dominated by Metridium senile in southern Patagonia. Several steel tubes from the wharf of Puerto San Julián were extracted to perform repair tasks, allowing the attached benthic community to be studied. Sampling was conducted at three levels: lower intertidal, 3-4 m depth and 6-7 m depth. In the lower intertidal, M. senile had a relative abundance of 43%, the most abundant accompanying species being Perumytilus purpuratus, Mytilus edulis platensis and Aulacomya atra atra. At subtidal level, the anemone showed relative abundances of 64% and 65%, and was accompanied by Monocorophium insidiosum at 3-4 m depth and by polychaetes of families Sabellidae and Syllidae at 6-7 m at depth. In the lower intertidal, epibiosis was more frequent on P. purpuratus, A. atra atra and M. edulis platensis, while in the subtidal, the richness of substrate-organisms increased significantly and the anemone was fixed to A. atra atra, M. edulis platensis, Paramolgula gregaria, Crepipatella dilatata, Austromegabalanus psittacus, Hiatella arctica, Polyzoa opuntia, Pyura sp. and Sabellidae tubes. The ability of M. senile to settle on many different organisms, along with other strategies, makes it a colonizer able to displace other species that could compete with it for substratum. Given the cosmopolitan nature of M. senile, the fact that this species has not been previously reported in the coastal zone of the region, and the results of our study, we discuss the possibility that this sea anemone is an invasive alien species in southern Patagonia, or at least a cryptogenic species.
Research of Improved ZigBee-based AODVjr Routing Algorithm in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Li Chunquan , Zhang Ming , He Hanzhao , Li Cailin , Chang Yuhe , Shang Yuling
Published: April 2015

Resource accessing is an important issue in cloud manufacturing, which is one of the latest modes of network manufacturing. In this paper, a framework of resources accessing in cloud manufacturing based on ZigBee is proposed. Then an improved AODVjr routing algorithm of ZigBee network oriented cloud manufacturing is studied. The improved routing algorithm is combination of the idea of Cluster-Tree routing algorithm, limitation of the transmission direction and the maximum transmission hop count of RREQ protocol packets in the original AODVjr algorithm. As a result, broadcasting-storm is avoided and overall performance of the network is optimized. It is indicated in the results of simulation that network dead nodes number, network energy consumption, success rate of nodes communication for the improved AODVjr algorithm is better than that of the original AODVjr algorithm.