bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance sports activities have over the quality of life in the adult population
Authors: BÄƒdicugeorgian.badicu@unitbv.ro Georgian , Balint Lorand
Published: August 2018

The quality of life is a wide spread concept which essentially handles the overall prosperity within society, the importance of it increasing starting with the 1970s, together with the social studies research. An European poll concerning the quality of life in Europe (2003-2007), performed by the European Life and Work Condition Improvement Foundation, noted the existence of some major differences between countries and social groups, as far as numerous aspects of quality of life are concerned. Thus, we can see that social groups with a below average quality of life must progress in a faster pace than the leader groups. In Romania, based on a general evaluation, we can state that the quality of life level is a modest one, this statement being the more valid as we take into consideration the economic standard - from macro-economic indicators of living standards (GDP/capita, Finances available to the population) and average income/household to life expectancy at birth indexes (MÄƒrginean, I., 2010, pp. 231-237). The main component of the quality of life, health, can be maintained and improved by performing sports activities, where the main element is performing workouts, which, applied on a long term, improves the physical and mental health, having a positive contribution on the learning and personal development processes and to reducing the risk of physical and psychological conditions associated with the modern lifestyle.
IMPACT OF INFLATION ON INFRASTRUCTURAL INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Nnenna Onyeka Virginia
Published: August 2018

Inflation affects both the private and government sectors as well as individuals. It triggers prices if not properly managed and reduces the zeal for investment; an investment is an indispensable aspect of any economy. It is therefore against the effect of inflation on the economy that our paper examined the impact of inflation on infrastructural investment in Nigeria. Our result showed that the impact of inflation rate on infrastructural investment was negative and significant in Nigeria. We therefore, recommend that government should stick to prudent economic policies avoid excessive money printing which inflation targeting would achieved via price stabilization and also promote investment climate in Nigeria.
ReprÃ©sentation sociale et recours au systÃ¨me de santÃ© publique au sud de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire :Une analyse Ã partir des donnÃ©es empiriques.
Authors: Kassoum TraorÃ© , Memon Fofana
Published: August 2018

Le recours aux services de santÃ© publique est lâ€™un des facteurs clefs favorisant une meilleure santÃ© des populations. Câ€™estdans ce contexte que depuis la fin des annÃ©es 1980, la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire sâ€™est engagÃ©e dans une dynamique de rÃ©formes dusecteur de la santÃ© qui a principalement concernÃ©e : (i) la mise en oeuvre du Â« recouvrement des coÃ»ts Â» au niveau desservices de santÃ© publique tel que recommandÃ© dans le cadre de lâ€™Initiative de Bamako (IB), (ii) la fixation dâ€™un PaquetMinimum dâ€™ActivitÃ©s (PMA) Ã  tous les niveaux de la pyramide sanitaire, (iii) la mise en oeuvre du modÃ¨le dâ€™organisationdes services extÃ©rieurs de santÃ© basÃ©s sur le district sanitaire tel que promu par lâ€™Organisation Mondiale de la SantÃ©(OMS). ParallÃ¨lement Ã  ces rÃ©formes, plusieurs programmes verticaux ont Ã©tÃ© mis en place Ã  travers le ProgrammeNational de DÃ©veloppement Sanitaire (PNDS) afin de faciliter le recours de la population aux systÃ¨mes de santÃ© publique.Cependant, selon les statistiques de la Direction de lâ€™Information, de la Planification et de lâ€™Evaluation (DIPE), le taux derecours aux services de santÃ© publique est faible et tourne autour de 20%. Ce taux de recours est lâ€™un des taux les plusbas de la sous-rÃ©gion (MICS, 2006). Pendant ce temps, les indicateurs de santÃ© restent inquiÃ©tants. Câ€™est sur cette baseque lâ€™article tente dâ€™analyser les perceptions que la population mobilise autour des services de santÃ© publique notammentles reprÃ©sentations qui freinent lâ€™expression dâ€™un besoin ressenti. Au plan mÃ©thodologique, lâ€™article repose sur uneenquÃªte qualitative, bien que la dÃ©marche de lâ€™Ã©tude soit la combinaison dâ€™une approche quantitative et qualitative, axÃ©esur une analyse narrative et comprÃ©hensive.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN IKOLE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE.
Authors: TOLUWASE S.O.W , ABDU-RAHEEM K. A
Published: August 2018

The study was carried out in Ikole Local Government Area of Ekiti State. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-economic variables, costs and revenues of the farmers. One hundred food crop famers cultivating cassava were randomly selected for the study. The result revealed that most of the farmers were young and educated. The mean household size was eight people. Land tenure through inheritance was the major method of acquiring farmland. Most farmers are small scale farmers operate mostly on ownerâ€™s equity. The gross margin of cassava production was #172, 920.00 per hectare. Cassava production was profitable by returning 2.07 for everyone naira invented in the study area. Among the recommendation made to boost production in the area was granting of small loans to farmers by commercial banks and land should be made available and allocated to the farmers to increase output and productivity of cassava production in the study area.
Effect of Climate Change on Cocoa Production in Ondo State, Nigeria.
Authors: R.S. Owoeye , Sekumade A.B.
Published: August 2018

carried out on effect of climate change on cocoa production in Ondo State, Nigeria. It specifically identified the socio-economic characteristics, examined the coping strategies adopted by the farmers in adjusting to these problems, determined the factors affecting the coping strategies adopted by the farmers in adapting to climate change, examined the rainfall andÂ  temperature patterns of the study area within the period of 1992 â€“ 2012 and analyzed the effects of some climatic variables on cocoa production within the period of 1992-2012. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to obtain data from 180 cocoa farmers that were purposively selected from 3 Local Government Areas in Ondo State being the highest producers it the State, these are; Ondo East, Akure South and Idanre LGA. Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Trend Analysis, Multiple Regression Model and Tobit Regression Modelwere used to analyze the data. About 62% of the cocoa farmers interviewed observed noticeable changes in temperature while 70% and 51% of the farmers reported increased changes in rainfall and sunlight respectively. Among the most prevalent climate change problems reported among cocoa farmers in the study area were; high incidence of black pod disease (80%), death of cocoa trees (75%), increase malaria incidence (65%),reduction in cocoa yield (63%) and inability to dry cocoa pods (61%). The trend analysis of cocoa production in the study area revealed that there was a sharp decrease in the volume of cocoa produced from 1992-2000while fluctuatingoccurrenceswere witnessed in the volume of cocoa produced till 2012. Also, there was variability in the rainfall, relative humidity and temperature patterns examined within the period under the study. The major coping strategies employed by the cocoa farmers in the study area were; use of chemicals (75%), mulching and planting trees (69%) different planting date (63%), monitoring weather (61%) and crop diversification (58%)while factors influencing coping strategies adoption by the cocoa farmers in the study were; level of education, farm size, access to extension service and farming experience. Keywords:Cocoa Production,
PARTICIPATION OF EMPLOYEES IN MANAGEMENT BODIES OF THE MACEDONIAN SHAREHOLDING COMPANIES
Authors: Petkukjeski PhD Ljupcho , Andonov PhD Marko , Mihajloski PhD Zoran , Trajkova PhD Kate , Ljativ PhD Samir
Published: August 2018

Joint Stock Company is a company in which shareholders participate with investments in the nominal capital which isdivided into shares and the shareholders are not liable for the obligations of the company.Modern joint-stock companies are companies with enormous economic and other powers. Concentration of capital andlabor of these companies gives them a very strong position in the market through which these companies have greatimpact on the economic and political relations as well as on the social situation in the society.Besides the managing bodies (members of the supervisory bodies and non-executive members), the bodies ofmanagement - management (executive directors, board members and other senior workers - managers), shareholdersand employees also are participants in the organization of the company. Each of the participants, including employees hasits place and its role within the activity of the enterprise.Employees are one of the most important factors involved in the realization of the business venture and in the creation ofnew value of the company (profits). As a real consequence of this fact arises the question of their participation in decisionsabout the distribution of newly created value, which can lead to a possible conflict with investors and managers of thecompany.With the participation of employees in the bodies of the shareholders company and in decision-making of importance tothe company, they protect their primarily economic and social rights and interests, and with this, they contributes toeconomic and social peace and stability in the company.The main goal of this paper is to give the legal basis for the practical realization of the right of participation of employees inthe management of the share holders company in the Republic of Macedonia.
Structural Adjustment Programs in Turkey in terms of Income Distribution (1980-2000)
Authors: DOGAN Alper
Published: August 2018

The major obstacle for the instable and developing economies of the developing countries were seen as governmentintervention in the economy. This led to debt crisis for emergency economies in the beginning of 1980s in which theamount of loans they borrowed with low interest rates increased very fast after rising interest rates. This problem gavenew objectives to the IMF and the World Bank to stabilize those economies under deficit pressures with a more profoundand comprehensive package of policy reforms which is known by its famed name, Structural Adjustment Programs. Thephilosophy was the minimalization of the state via trade and financial liberalizations. However, the last situation indicatesthat there is a certain income gap among different states and this seems like a big dilemma concerning the globalizedworld after SAPs. And this study tried to explain one of the transition periods of the globalization in Turkey under the WorldBank-IMF co-operated structural adjustment program in the early 1980s and the effect of the program on incomedistribution in Turkey until 2001 crisis.
Behavioral Biases as An Effective Factor for the Firm Financial Decision-Making: A Literature Review
Authors: TEKIN Bilgehan
Published: August 2018

Decision-making process is a multi-faceted and complex process. Decision making can be defined like a process of choosing from among a number of alternatives. It will not contribute enough to be fully understood and to effective decision making to be addressed only from the rational point of view. Behavioral finance is an integral part of the decision-making process. Individuals can improve their performance by recognizing the biases which discussed in the framework of behavioral finance. Understanding the possible negative effects of biases allows to the individuals to make better choices and they can avoid repeating the expensive errors in future. Result of investigations of behavioral biases on decision-makers in the firms, managerial bias issue has been raised. The studies show the effect of managerial biases on many financial decisions in firms. This paper investigated the role of biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, optimism, anchoring, narrow framing, self-serving attribution, disposition effect etc. on financial decisions such as investing, financing, equity market, capital structure etc. This study review of 30 international studies related with behavioral corporate finance and behavioral biases that affect financial decisions in firms. The studies were gleaned from Web of Science and Google Scholar. The main contribution of this study to the literature is this study brings out the impact of behavioral biases on financial decisions in the firms by summarizing the previous studies. In this sense, this work also has an assembly quality. Therefore, this is also intended with this study that to transfer the knowledge and intellectual formation about the impact of behavioral bias on the financial decisions. In this paper, most important behavioral biases in the behavioral finance literature will be addressed.
SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER CANDIDATESâ€™ SENSITIVITY AND AWARENESS LEVELS IN NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION
Authors: OCAL TÃ¼lay
Published: August 2018

As environment education gains importance in a changing and developing world, studies about this subject has beenincreasing every day. Nature and environment education is one of the most important subjects being studied.Environmental education applications are insufficient in the education faculties of our countryâ€™s universities. For nature andenvironmental education to reach its goals new approaches should be included in the curriculum. Many different teachingtechniques, including using field trips, can be used and new techniques can be developed.For this study, a field trip in which social studies teacher candidates had practical nature and environmental educationwas organized with 33 (20 female, 13 male) second-year teacher candidates studying Social Studies Education in NiÄŸdeUniversityâ€™s Faculty of Education. During the field trip, the researcher also used speaking circle technique with thecandidates. The purpose of the field trip is to determine the candidatesâ€™ awareness level about environmental pollution.First, candidatesâ€™ views on pollution factor on Ã‡akÄ±t River and its effects were taken. Later, students got detailed on-siteinformation about recycling by visiting plastic waste recycling, paper waste recycling and water waste recycling facilities.In this study, experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. No control group pre-test post-testmethod was used. Five open-ended questions were developed for the study. It was aimed to raise teacher candidatesâ€™awareness by teaching them behaviors, skills and values that they can pass on to the future generations.
URDU RESEARCH: ASPECTS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Iqbal Shamaila , Hamid Dr. Muhammad
Published: August 2018

The tradition of Urdu literary research goes back to the writing of Tazkiras. The first Tazkira was written in 1752. It wasÂ followed by a stream of Tazkira writing. In the next phase Sir Syed and his companions introduced modern style ofÂ research. Afterwards objective scientific style of literary research was introduced by Hafiz Mehmood Shirani on the breakÂ of 20th century. Henceforward, Urdu research went on the pace and reached at the edge of 21st century. During thisÂ journey it saw many changes. In the beginning, most of the works were past-oriented. While in the last 50 years, it hasÂ turned towards future. Now both of the streams are going side by side and focus is going to shift towards futurization.
Self- Spirituality and its Advantageous Impact for Positive Counselling Attitudes among Youths
Authors: Tanimoonwo Idowu Grace , Aishah Hassan, Siti , Hamzah Azimi , Maznah Baba
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the influences of self-spirituality for prosperous Counselling attitudes among youths with particular focusÂ on Nigerian students in Malaysian Universities, towards becoming positive agents of change in the society. The researchÂ paper analyses ways in which self-spirituality can be applied independently as a Counselling means to achieve positiveÂ attitudes among these university students. The Null hypothesis stated that there are no significant and direct relationshipsÂ between self-spirituality and counselling attitudes. To carry out the research, two instruments were combined in aÂ quantitative survey involving 394 students that were systematically drawn from ten randomly selected universities inÂ Malaysia. The results of the data analysis indicate the fact that self-spirituality has a positive impact on counselling attitudeswith (Î² =0.212 and p value = 0.002). The null hypothesis was therefore rejected. The analysis ends with a discussion thatÂ provides recommendations that can be adopted to ensure success of the self-spirituality use in counselling. The paperÂ suggested with remarkable conclusion that since spirituality plays such an important role in every society, there should be more nurturing of it in the society while the Guidance Counsellors work towards directing the young people on the right pathÂ of God.
Research in Afghanistan: Innovative Strategies for Overcoming Methodological Challenges
Authors: Besmel Parwez , Solop Frederic I.
Published: August 2018

This paper examines challenges associated with conducting social science research in third world, conflict settings.Â Employing a qualitative, case study approach, we highlight the methodological barriers confronted by administration ofÂ Afghanistan Research Servicesâ€™ (a Division of Afghanistan Holding Group) Mortgage Market Assessment, a studyÂ conducted in five major Afghanistan cities. While these barriers may be viewed through the lens of western social science as threatening the validity of legitimate research, innovative accommodations in the areas of sampling, quality control andÂ mitigation of fear and mistrust led to successful data collection efforts. This case study of research in Afghanistan, offersÂ lessons for ambitious researchers interested in adapting standard research techniques to future work with non-westernÂ peoples living under conflict conditions
Assessing the Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Hypertension Management Who are Working in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Chowdhury Urmi , Johara Fatema Tuj , Hossain S M Ferdous
Published: August 2018

Hypertension is a chronic disease, which progresses silently and leads to many complications affecting major bodyÂ organs. Hypertensive patientâ€™s awareness may be developed on the various aspects regarding disease and self-caremanagement through the health care providers. Nurses knowledge regarding hypertension plays an important role in theÂ ability to the management of hypertension Patients [Kaur et al., 2007]. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study wasÂ conducted to assess the Nurses knowledge regarding hypertension in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases,Â (NICVD), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sample size was selected 60 nurses through purposive samplingÂ technique. Data were collected by using the self-administer questionnaire through maintaining face to face interview of theÂ respondents. Data analysis procedure was done by using statistical approaches. Analyzing demographic information, itÂ has found, most of the nurses are from older age group with majority of them belong to secondary level education,Â significant proportion of them have done diploma in nursing. In terms of awareness, largest number of respondents hasÂ very good knowledge on concept of hypertension. They have also fairly known about management and prevention ofhypertension. However, they have limitation in knowing causes and symptom of hypertension. In addition, they have quiteÂ poor knowledge how to control hypertension. From this study, it is concluded that, hospital management requireÂ instigating different training opportunities and learning session so that nurses would have improve their knowledge.
Environmental Valuation of Investment Projects With Point of â€˜Production Approachâ€™:KorudanlÄ±k Gold-Silver Mine Project in Turkey.
Authors: DEMÄ°RBUGAN Dr. Alper
Published: August 2018

Monetary valuation of changes in environmental quality has a great importance in evaluation of investment projects.The benefit or avoided damage cost from a project to change environmental quality is captured by individuals' wilingness to pay(WTP). Valuation methods based on WTP can mainly be categoriesed in two groups as 'production approach' and 'utility approach'. In this study, concept of wilingness to pay and valuation methods based on 'production approach' are investigated with an application to a mine project in Turkey.
TEACH SCIENCE MAKING SCIENCE: AN EXPERIENCE IN BASIC EDUCATION OF BRAZILIAN SEMIARID
Authors: Ferraz Ferraz , Lima Diorminda de
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the methodology of scientific research - Teaching science by making science -in the practical context, with a view to construction of educational paradigms in basic education. This is a case studyÂ carried out initially in vacations courses sponsored by the EspaÃ§oCiÃªncia with teachers and managers of the municipalÂ school system, and bachelor's degree students in Biological Sciences from the Centro de Ensino Superior do Vale do SÃ£oÂ Francisco and later with 25 tutors who taught their classes using this methodology in elementary and high schoolÂ education. The results of this research demonstrate approval of the methodology by 76% of managers, 57% of teachers,Â and 100% of students in the course of Biological Sciences who participated in the vacation courses. They have tutors whoÂ have used this methodology in elementary school and high school approved with percentage corresponding to 100% andÂ 50.70% respectively. Regarding the methodology investigated the following categories were evaluated: studentÂ participation, learning, quantity and quality of content, skills and mobilized skills by students of basic education, as well asÂ the perception of worshipers as the advantages and disadvantages in the application of the methodology for their levels ofeducation.
A Comparative Analysis of Elitist and Public Opinion Evaluation of National Health Insurance Policy Performance
Authors: I-chun Liu , Chii-ching Chen
Published: August 2018

This study discusses evaluation of National Health Insurance policy, using the policy Delphi method to obtain elite opinion on evaluation indicators of the policy and a telephone survey to collect general public opinion. Results indicated that the elite and the general public share a consensus on policy performance. The findings suggest that evaluations of NHI policy that incorporate elite and general public assessments may be preferable to evaluations based on assessments from just one sector of the population. Moreover, performance assessment should integrate the opinions of different representative sections of the population, as well as professional and democratic principles of decision-making. The study also provides evidence that public opinion and elite evaluation are correlated and shows considerable consistency in the evaluation of NHI policy regardless of the policy knowledge of the evaluators.
Determination of the Factors Preventing Students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences from Participating in Recreational Activities: Ondokuz MayÄ±s University Sample
Authors: Ã‡EBÄ° Mehmet , Ã‡AVUÅžOÄžLU GÃ¼l , ÃœNVER Åžaban , Ä°SLAMOÄžLU Ä°zzet , ACAR KÃ¼rÅŸat
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors which prevent the students of Faculty of Sport Sciences from participating in recreational activities in terms of some variables.A total of 275 (183 men, 92 women) randomly chosen students studying at YaÅŸar DoÄŸu Faculty of Sport Sciences participated in the study voluntarily. â€œLeisure Constraints Questionnaireâ€ developed by Alexandris and Carroll (1997) adapted to Turkish by KarakÃ¼Ã§Ã¼k and GÃ¼rbÃ¼z (2007) was used as the data collection tool. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 21 package program. Kolmogrov test was used to find out whether the data were normally distributed and the data were found to be normally distributed. The data were analyzed with frequency analysis, t test and Anova test in independent samples and the Bonferroni test was used to analyze the difference between groups.The factors which prevented students from participating in recreational activities showed significant differences in â€œindividual psychologicalâ€ subscale and total scores in terms of the variable of age and in â€œfacilities/services and accessibilityâ€ subscale in terms of genderÂ  (p<0,05). In terms of the difference in the age variable, participation in recreational activities increased as age increased. In terms of gender, women were seen to participate less in recreational activities when compared with men.The results of the study showed that the students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences did not have difficulties in participating in recreational activities; however, women were found to participate less than men. In order to increase womenâ€™s participation, informative activities, activities for women and interesting activities for women should be made more attractive.Â
Teachersâ€™ Perceptions of Essential Mathematics Concepts in Teacher Education Mathematics Courses
Authors: Mosothwane Modise
Published: August 2018

This study investigates pre-service teachersâ€™ perceptions of essential components of mathematics education courses offered in primary colleges of education in Botswana. Data for this study were obtained from 11 3rd year student teachers who enrolled in mathematics education courses. The student teachers responded to structured interview protocol questions designed for the study. The analysis of data was framed in qualitative tradition using excerpts taken from student teachersâ€™ responses .The results of the study suggest that student teachers perceived â€˜history of mathematics, modelling, contemporary issues in mathematics education, beliefs and attitudes, mathematics and culture as non- essential parts of mathematics education. The results of the study also suggest that mathematics education courses offered by primary colleges of education do not prepare pre-service teachers for degree courses that would be taken at the university level. Implications for teacher education program are discussed in the light of the findings.
The effect of the preoperative anaesthesiological interview on the levels of stress and anxiety of the heart surgical patient
Authors: Karaolia Androula C. , Tagarakis Georgios I. , Argyriadou Elena , Bonotis Ilias , Alexiou Ioannis , Tsilimingas Nikolaos
Published: August 2018

Background. Stress and Anxiety are commonly observed before major surgical procedures, such as heart surgical operations. Aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the preoperative anaesthesiological interview on these parameters. Methods. We prospectively included in the study 152 patients planned to undergo elective heart surgery. All patients were examined with the State-Trait anxiety inventory (STAI) scale on admission and again before surgery (prior to the anaesthesiological interview for the control group and after the latter for the intervention group). Results. Members of the control group had significantly higher levels of stress based on the test results, on the day prior to surgery. On the contrary, the members of the intervention group had significantly lower levels of stress on the same day. Conclusions. The anaesthesiological interview has a positive influence as it lowers the preoperative levels of stress and anxiety.Â
EXAMINATION OF ISOKINETIC STRENGTH RATES OF KNEE JOINT (H/Q) IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: YILMAZ Ali Kerim , KABADAYI Menderes , MAYDA M. Hakan , BÄ°RÄ°NCÄ° M. Ceyhun
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the isokinetic strength rates of knee joint (H/Q) in football players.30 males (15 football players, 15 controls) were included in the research who were studying in YaÅŸar DoÄŸu Sports Sciencies faculty of Ondokuz MayÄ±s University. The position, age and dominant leg information of the subjects were determined by filling in personal information forms given to the subjects. Body mass index measurements were recorded with a Gaia 359 plus body analyzer and H/Q force rates were measured and recorded with a Humac Norm Cybex Brand computer controlled isokinetic dynamometer at angles of 60osn-1, 180osn-1 and 240osn-1. For the statistical analysis of the data used SPSS 22.0 software was used. Independent t-test was applied for the analysis of football player-control group and dominant leg results. In addition, one-way variance analysis and LSD test were used for repeated measures to compare football players according to their positions. Statistical results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and p <0.05 significance level.When we look at the descriptive information between the two groups in our study; There was a significant difference between age, body weight and sport ages, but no significant difference was observed in other parameters. When the H/Q power ratios at angular velocities of 60osn-1, 180osn-1 and 240osn-1 were examined, no significant difference was found between the dominant-nondominant force ratios and footballer positions between the two groups.As a result, when H/Q power ratios of footballer and control group are examined; There was no significant difference between the two groups when dominant-nondominant strength ratios and soccer player positions were compared.
THE LEARNING PROCESS OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION SUBJECT IN CLASS VIII OF SMP N 4 KOTA PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Firdaus Kamal
Published: August 2018

The problem of this research was initiated by the learning process of Physical, Sport and Health EducationÂ which was not run well. This research was aimed at revealing the studentsâ€™ intrinsic and extrinsic motivationÂ toward the learning process of Physical, Sport and Health Education subject at SMP N 1 Kota Payakumbuh.Â This was a descriptive research. The population of the research was all of students (287) in grade VIII of SMPÂ N 4 Kota Payakumbuh. By using random sampling technique, 20% (55 students) of the population were takenas the sample. The data were obtained by making use of the questionnaire of Gudmanâ€™s scale. The dataÂ gathered then were analyzed by using statistic of descriptive percentage.Â Based on the results of data analysis, it was figured out that: 1) the studentsâ€™ intrinsic motivation towardÂ Physical, Sport and Health Education subject at SMP N 4 Kota Payakumbuh is 44.6% (average), and 2) thestudentsâ€™ extrinsic motivation toward Physical, Sport and Health Education subject is 41.8% (average). FromÂ these results, it is concluded that the studentsâ€™ motivation toward Physical, Sport and Health EducationÂ subject, in general, is in average category.
THE EFFECT OF REPETITION EXERCISE METHOD AND INTENSIVE INTERVAL EXERCISE METHOD ON THE STUDENTSâ€™ 100 METER SPRINTING ABILITY AT SMP N 1 PARIAMAN
Authors: Firdaus Kamal
Published: August 2018

This research was derived from the problems indicating that the students had lack of capability in 100 meterÂ sprinting. This could be seen from the result of local sport competition held annually. This research sought toÂ explain the improvement of the studentsâ€™ 100 meter sprinting ability by using Repetition Exercise Method andÂ Intensive Interval Method. The subject of the research was 22 students at SMP N 1 Pariaman. They wereÂ chosen based on their ability in 100 meter sprinting which was lower compared to those from other schools.This was an experimental research which applied quantitative approach. The research was conducted in 16Â meetings from May to June 2014. The data gathered were in the form of quantitative data. They wereÂ obtained through 100 meter sprinting test. The results of data analysis revealed that: (1) the value of tcalculatedÂ gotten by applying Repetition Exercise Method was higher (12.14) than that of ttable (1.812) indicating that theÂ use of that method significantly exerted an influence upon the studentsâ€™ 100 meter sprinting ability at SMPNegeri 1 Pariaman, (2) the value of tcalculated gotten by applying Intensive Interval Method was higher (3.27)Â than that of ttable (1.812) indicating that the use of that method significantly exerted an influence upon theÂ studentsâ€™ 100 meter sprinting ability at SMP Negeri 1 Pariaman, and (3) there was no significant differentÂ between the use of Repetition Exercise Method and Intensive Interval Method at SMP Negeri 1 Pariaman inÂ which the value of tcalculated (0.28) was higher than ttable (1.860).Â
THE STUDENTSâ€™ MOTIVATION TOWARD PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION SUBJECT (A GENERAL COURSE) IN STATE UNIVERSITY OF PADANG (UNP)
Authors: Firdaus Kamal
Published: August 2018

The problems of the research were the students who frequently came late to their class and were unserious inÂ the learning process. This research sought to reveal the studentsâ€™ motivation toward Physical and HealthÂ Education subject in State university of Padang. This research was conducted in December. The number ofÂ the sample involved was 134 students. The data were analyzed by using percentage formula. Based on theÂ results of the research, it was found out that the studentsâ€™ intrinsic motivation toward Physical and HealthÂ Education subject is in average category while their extrinsic motivation toward Physical and Health Educationsubject is in good category. The studentsâ€™ motivation in general toward Physical and Health Education subjectÂ in State University of Padang is in average category.
The Construction and Application of Sustainable Development Model for Bangladesh Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Huang Li-Guo , Yin Li
Published: August 2018

Sustainable development is to reconcile human needs and the Earthâ€™s healthy balance. For eradicating poverty, changing unsustainable, promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production, protecting and managing the natural resource, combining principles and methods of system dynamics modeling, we build a sustainable development model by analyzing the factors which influence the sustainable development. According to social economic development, the dynamics of environmental change, change of energy and matter between the subsystems and information interaction, the sustainable development model is divided into four subsystems, such as environment, resources, economy and social. In the model, the factor of sustainable development can distinguish more sustainable countries and policies from less sustainable ones. Then, we analyze the data of Bangladesh and predict the factor of sustainable development. By revising the parameters, we create a 20 year sustainable development plan for Bangladesh to move towards a more sustainable future to evaluate the effect our 20-year sustainable plan has on Bangladeshâ€™s sustainability measure. By implementing our plan in our evaluation, we predict the change that will occur over the 20 years in the future. Through on the analysis of our model, we give some reasonable policy suggestions for sustainable development of Bangladesh.
The comparison between the market value (MVA) the net profit after tax by economic value added (EVA) to net profit after tax of the companies listed on the in Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Ashtiani Saleh Payande , Ashtiani Amir Rahimi
Published: August 2018

Desired performance and eventually increase the company's value will increase shareholder wealth. The fundamental challenge of managing businesses to create value for shareholders.Â  The comparison between the market value (MVA) the net profit after tax by economic value added (EVA) to net profit after tax of the companies listed on the in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2007 to 2014. So that can be a benchmark internal performance evaluation that a representative of the market value is also achieved which the statistical was determined technique of a linear regression coefficient, And EVIEWS and SPSS software was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there are positive correlation between (MVA/EARING) as the dependent variable (EVA/EARING) as independent variables studied in all companies, regardless of their weakness. So the companies listed in in Tehran Stock Exchange (EVA/EARING) as a measure of internal performance measurement alone is not enough to predict the effectiveness criteria is value in the market. In our group of companies and industries except, automotive and pharmaceutical industries that there were not a significant relationship between the variables in the rest of the industry significant relationship between the variables.Â Â
Title: Ethical consequences in business decision process
Authors: Andreas Karaoulanis
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the author tries to present the ethical dilemma in business decision process in Greeceâ€™s frustrating economic environment. The author used the SSD decision approach in order to establish the theoretical background provided in terms of decision making and consequences.
Teachersâ€™ Perception on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and the Other Job-Related Outcomes: A Field Study.
Authors: BAKAN Ä°smail , ERÅžAHAN Burcu , BÃœYÃœKBEÅžE Tuba , OKUMUÅž M. Tuncer
Published: August 2018

This study aims to investigate the relationship between overall job satisfaction and the job-related outcomes consisting of work/family conflict, family/work conflict, role conflict, role ambiguity, workload, general stress, emotional exhaustion and employee turnover intention. Regarding this aim, the research hypotheses were developed and tested from the perspectives of teachers and education administrators working in the city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. In order to gather the research data a survey is applied to 360 teachers and administrators selected from different school types. Results reveal that there are significant relationships and differences among participants' job satisfaction levels and their perceptions on the job-related outcomes studied.
China contributes to the ISID in Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Yue Hongfei
Published: August 2018

As we know, the Small Island Developing States face specialÂ challenges to their development. This is particularly true for the Pacific Island States, scattered as they are over a huge area of ocean.More specifically, the 22 Pacific Island countries are scattered over one third of the globe (thirty million sq. km. mostly ocean). The total population of the South Pacific excluding Australia and New Zealand is about 8 million; half of which reside in Papua New Guinea.Many stakeholders have been involving in assisting the development of Pacific Island Countries for a long time. In recent years, China has become one of the active players in the inclusive and sustainable development of Pacific Island Countries.
THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON PEER RELATIONSHIPS AND INTERPERSONAL UNDERSTANDING: A CASE STUDY AT A TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTE IN MALAYSIA.
Authors: Sathappan Ramesh , Sathappan Malini
Published: August 2018

In this information age, technology such as the internet has a profound effect on the peer relationships and interpersonal understanding.The study incorporates the views of authors on the subject. There are advantages and disadvantages in using electronic communication for interpersonal understanding. It promotes better understanding, cooperation and closer peer relationship among students and teens. However, it also has a darker side. It can lead to cyberbullying. Information and communication technology has transformed the classroom scenario by the use of videos, etc. in the teaching and learning process. Students have become more sophisticated in applying electronic devices for their academic performance. The findings show that majority of the students prefer to use e-mail in their interaction. It is recommended that teachers and parents monitor the students to ensure there is no abuse and misuse of technology.
Designing a Quality Model for justifying the Authenticity of Qualitative Research: Validation and Verification of References
Authors: Habib Basit , Mahmood Shahzad , Khakwani Sohail Khan
Published: August 2018

The Research in social science has a vital impact on the historical background of different event. These events are to be studied under the umbrella of qualitative research methodology. This methodology is based on the critical overview of any event or set of events related to a certain problem statement. To evaluate the authenticity of such research which is conducted on the bases of oral history, it is necessary to define a certain tool which is in hierarchy order and if qualitative research is to be conducted should be gone through using the certain tool. In this paper such a quality model is generated from various aspect of computational quality model which can be helpful for the social scientist to see the authenticity of the references and methodology used during the research of oral history.
Impact of Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program on Improvement of Woman Headed Household Consumption Diversity in Bangladesh
Authors: Pradhan Mohammad Abdul Hannan , Sulaiman Jamalludin
Published: August 2018

A number of studies have established that Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program beneficiaries are better off during the two-year benefit cycle. This study was an attempt to provide evidence using household survey data on whether the VGD program improves beneficiary household welfare over the cycle. This study was conducted in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data from equal number of beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. This study used the propensity score matching (PSM) method to analyse data. The study finds a robust and positive effect of program on the beneficiary households to improve their wellbeing through improving meal frequency, per capita expenditure. The results signify consumption variability of the beneficiariesâ€™ households. Furthermore, this behaviour of beneficiaries increases the demand for different items of good at the local market which could help enhancing the national growth. Thus the number of program beneficiary could be increased to promote the process.Â
Death and Life: A Study on Pakistani Youth
Authors: Rattani Sarwat Amin , Iqbal Dr. Farah
Published: August 2018

The aim of the present study was to explore the relation between Death Attitudes and Meaning in Life. Besides this exploratory approach, it was also hypothesized that â€˜Search for Meaningâ€™ would be significantly greater than â€˜Presence of Meaningâ€™ in youth population. For this purpose, 60 males and 60 female students were conveniently approached in University of Karachi to participate in the study. Two questionnaires were administered; Death Attitudes Profile â€“ Revised (subscales; fear of death, death avoidance, neutral acceptance, approach acceptance and escape acceptance) and Meaning in Life (subscales; search for meaning and presence of meaning). Results revealed gender difference in two death attitudes. Hypothesis regarding search for meaning being greater than presence of meaning was proved. Exploratory analysis of death attitudes and meaning in life showed complex relation.Â Â The aim of the present study was to explore the relation between Death Attitudes and Meaning in Life. Besides this exploratory approach, it was also hypothesized that â€˜Search for Meaningâ€™ would be significantly greater than â€˜Presence of Meaningâ€™ in youth population. For this purpose, 60 males and 60 female students were conveniently approached in University of Karachi to participate in the study. Two questionnaires were administered; Death Attitudes Profile â€“ Revised (subscales; fear of death, death avoidance, neutral acceptance, approach acceptance and escape acceptance) and Meaning in Life (subscales; search for meaning and presence of meaning). Results revealed gender difference in two death attitudes. Hypothesis regarding search for meaning being greater than presence of meaning was proved. Exploratory analysis of death attitudes and meaning in life showed complex relation.Â Â
DEVELOPING GOOD MORAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF RELIGION
Authors: F. M. Dr. (Mrs.) Osalusi, , R. A. Dr. Alonge,
Published: August 2018

This paper examined the role of religion in the development of good moral sexual behaviours among University Undergraduates. In Nigeria, sex issues are considered as sacred and usually attached with a myth, however, observations have shown in recent times that these good virtues have been eroded among university undergraduates in Southwest, Nigeria. These category of students now exhibit unwholesome sexual behaviours such as lesbianism, homosexuality, adultery, indecent dressing, masturbation among others and this is considered a serious threat to national development. Therefore, to address this issue, a descriptive research of the survey type was adopted for the study while three hypotheses were tested. Â The population consisted of all unmarried undergraduates in all the universities in the Southwest geo- political zone of Nigeria. A sample of 1581 respondents which was made up of 750 males and 831 female were selected employing multistage sampling procedure. A simple random sampling technique was used to select three states out of six states in the Southwest, Nigeria. Two universities each were selected through stratified random sampling from Federal, State and Private universities, while 265 students were also selected from each of the universities making a total of 1590. However, 9 students did not filled the questionnaire properly and were therefore rejected remaining 1581 as sample. Â Â Â A self-designed questionnaire titled: â€˜Good Moral Sexual Behavioursâ€™ (GMSB) was used to collect data. The instrument is a 25-items four point- Liker type questionnaire. The findings revealed that religious inclination significantly influenced University undergraduatesâ€™ values and moral sexual behaviours. The study recommended among others that religious organisations should be encouraged to intensify their sermons on acceptable values in terms of moral sexual behaviours to members of their society. University authorities were also advised to come up with appropriate policies to curb the acts of indecentÂ  and seductive dressing patterns common among university undergraduates.
The proliferation of informal sector activities in Congo: Case of the city of Brazzaville
Authors: KEVIN NZOUSSI , Feng Li Jiang
Published: August 2018

The underground of the countries of Africa south of the Sahara is full of enormous potentialities and raw materials of all kinds. But the population of Africa in general and of Africa south of the Sahara, in particular, remains the poorest in the world. A contrast which can be justified by the political and economic instability, the corollary of which is poor management, the drop in the standard of living. The economic potential of these countries does not reflect the level of populations that generally languish in enormous poverty without real livelihoods. Beginning in the 1980s, a large-scale economic crisis shook virtually all African countries because of the stringent restrictions and measures imposed by the Bretton Woods institutions, notably the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. In order to cope with the increasingly difficult living conditions, the populations of which were the main victims, that is to say, the populations will gradually organize themselves and several activities will emerge. These activities are part of the informal sector. It is, therefore, a sector that brings together unemployed people looking for employment and societal well-being who organize themselves to face everyday problems. This means that it is a lucrative sector that is constantly absorbing unemployment in Congo in general and Brazzaville in particular.