bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Viral Genetics and Statistical Modeling to Improve HIV-1 Time-of-Infection Estimation towards Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy Assessment
Authors: Rossenkhan Raabya , Rolland Morgane , Labuschagne Jan , Ferreira Roux-Cil , Magaret Craig , Carpp Lindsay , Matsen IV Frederick , Huang Yunda , Rudnicki Erika , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ndabambi Nonkululeko , Logan Murray , Holzman Ted , Abrahams Melissa-Rose , Anthony Colin , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Warth Christopher , Botha Gordon , Matten David , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Kibuuka Hannah , Sawe Fred , Chopera Denis , Eller Leigh , Travers Simon , Robb Merlin , Williamson Carolyn , Gilbert Peter , Edlefsen Paul
Published: July 2019

Knowledge of the time of HIV-1 infection and the multiplicity of viruses that establish HIV-1 infection is crucial for the in-depth analysis of clinical prevention efficacy trial outcomes. Better estimation methods would improve the ability to characterize immunological and genetic sequence correlates of efficacy within preventive efficacy trials of HIV-1 vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. We developed new methods for infection timing and multiplicity estimation using maximum likelihood estimators that shift and scale (calibrate) estimates by fitting true infection times and founder virus multiplicities to a linear regression model with independent variables defined by data on HIV-1 sequences, viral load, diagnostics, and sequence alignment statistics. Using Poisson models of measured mutation counts and phylogenetic trees, we analyzed longitudinal HIV-1 sequence data together with diagnostic and viral load data from the RV217 and CAPRISA 002 acute HIV-1 infection cohort studies. We used leave-one-out cross validation to evaluate the prediction error of these calibrated estimators versus that of existing estimators and found that both infection time and founder multiplicity can be estimated with improved accuracy and precision by calibration. Calibration considerably improved all estimators of time since HIV-1 infection, in terms of reducing bias to near zero and reducing root mean squared error (RMSE) to 5–10 days for sequences collected 1–2 months after infection. The calibration of multiplicity assessments yielded strong improvements with accurate predictions (ROC-AUC above 0.85) in all cases. These results have not yet been validated on external data, and the best-fitting models are likely to be less robust than simpler models to variation in sequencing conditions. For all evaluated models, these results demonstrate the value of calibration for improved estimation of founder multiplicity and of time since HIV-1 infection.
Using Nodal Infection Risks to Guide Interventions Following Accidental Intrusion due to Sustained Low Pressure Events in a Drinking Water Distribution System
Authors: Hatam Fatemeh , Blokker Mirjam , Besner Marie-Claude , Ebacher Gabrielle , Prévost Michèle
Published: July 2019

Improving the risk models to include the possible infection risk linked to pathogen intrusion into distribution systems during pressure-deficient conditions (PDCs) is essential. The objective of the present study was to assess the public health impact of accidental intrusion through leakage points in a full-scale water distribution system by coupling a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model with water quality calculations based on pressure-driven hydraulic analysis. The impacts on the infection risk of different concentrations of Cryptosporidium in raw sewage (minimum, geometric mean, mean, and maximum) and various durations of intrusion/PDCs (24 h, 10 h, and 1 h) were investigated. For each scenario, 200 runs of Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to assess the uncertainty associated with the consumers’ behavioral variability. By increasing the concentrations of Cryptosporidium in raw sewage from 1 to 560 oocysts/L for a 24-h intrusion, or by increasing the duration of intrusion from 1 to 24 h, with a constant concentration (560 oocysts/L), the simulated number of infected people was increased by 235-fold and 17-fold, respectively. On the first day of the 1-h PDCs/intrusion scenario, a 65% decrease in the number of infected people was observed when supposing no drinking water withdrawals during low-pressure conditions at nodes with low demand available (<5%) compared to no demand. Besides assessing the event risk for an intrusion scenario, defined as four days of observation, the daily number of infected people and nodal risk were also modeled on different days, including during and after intrusion days. The results indicate that, for the case of a 1-h intrusion, delaying the start of the necessary preventive/corrective actions for 5 h after the beginning of the intrusion may result in the infection of up to 71 people.
Clinical Implications of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Choi Gyu–Seog
Published: July 2019

Lymph node metastasis is regarded as an indubitable prognostic factor for predicting disease recurrence and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Lymph node status based on examination of a resected specimen is a key element of the current staging system and is also a crucial factor to determine use of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection. However, the current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system only incorporates the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the N category. Numerous attempts have been made to supplement this simplified N staging including lymph node ratio, distribution of metastatic lymph nodes, tumor deposits, or extracapsular invasion. In addition, several attempts have been made to identify more specific prognostic factors in resected colorectal specimens than lymph node status. In this review, we will discuss controversies in lymph node staging and factors that may influence survival beyond lymph node status.
Valuable designing is the most important social problem
(on A.L. Zhukov's monograph «Modern methods of wage regulation»)
Authors: Roik V.D.
Published: July 2019

Review of the book indicated in the review’s title. According to the summary of the reviewer's reflections on the monograph, its author: a) highly characterizes the whole complex set of existing problems in the field under consideration; b) gives practical recommendations for their resolution — to improve the mechanism of wage regulation in Russia at various management levels (from the macro level to the enterprise level).
Structure atomique du trans 1-2 dinitrate acénaphtène racémique
Authors: Pérucaud Marie-Claire
Published: July 2019

La structure cristalline a été déterminée par les méthodes directes à partir de données à trois dimensions mesurées sur un diffractomètre avec la radiation Kα du cuivre. Les paramètres atomiques ont été affinés par la méthode des moindres carrés ; la valeur finale de R est de 0,068 ; les molécules sont indépendantes.
Les dolomites « pseudo˗maclées » : un critère du remplacement de la calcite par la dolomite (cas des dolomites hydrothermales du Paléozoïque des Pyrénées orientales)
Authors: Fonteilles Michel , Guitard Gérard , Halfon Jacques
Published: July 2019

Dans les Pyrénées orientales, l'observation en lame mince de certaines dolomies hydrothermales montre, à l'intérieur d'un cristal xénomorphe hôte, la présence de bandelettes et /ou d'alignements d'inclusions dolomitiques idiomorphes parallèles et de même orientation cristallographique. L'étude à la platine théodolite montre que les orientations cristallographiques de ces bandelettes et du cristal hôte sont liées par la loi de macle polysynthétique habituelle (01[-1]2) de la calcite, qui n'est pas une loi de macle pour la dolomite. De plus l'orientation morphologique générale dans l'espace des bandelettes est parallèle à ce plan. D'où le nom de pseudo-macles.

Ces constatations cristallographiques et l'observation d'une texture de remplacement direct d'un cristal de calcite maclé par un cristal de dolomite pseudo-maclé prouvent que ces dolomites proviennent du remplacement hydrothermal de calcites (en général calcaires métamorphiques) .

On déduit que ces dolomites pseudo-maclées constituent un critère de dolomitisation de calcites.
Nodules de silicates d'alumine autour de granites en Bretagne occidentale
Authors: Barrière Michel , Chauris Louis , Le Bail François
Published: July 2019

A proximité des granites de Locronan, de Scaër et de Saint-Renan (Finistère), apparaissent des concentrations massives en silicates d'alumine : disthène ou andalousite dans des schistes quartzo˗sériciteux ; disthène et andalousite dans des micaschistes à staurotide ; sillimanite dans des gneiss à biotite. Remarques sur le rôle éventuel des processus pneumatolytiques liés à ces granites dans la genèse des concentrations nodulaires.
Le chloritoïde de la série de Marvejols (vallée du Lot)
Authors: Briand Bernard
Published: July 2019

Chloritoïd have been found in staurolite-biotite bearing schists with albite and chlorite, in the metamorphic serie of Marvejols (Lot Valley, French Massif central).

This chloritoïd is monoclinic and shows no particular optical or chemical character.

Petrographic observations suggest a complex evolution for chloritoïd-schists : on the first staurolite-biotite paragenesis of barovian metamorphism is superposed the albite-chlorite-muscovite assemblage of atypical greenschist facies.

Structural relations between chloritoïd and schistous matrix and chloritoïd and staurolite show the post kinematic origin of this mineral and its belonging to the old staurolite paragenesis.

Chloritoïd's occurrence probably yields to a chemical and metamorphic control : its presence seems strictly connected with the staurolite's growth.
Trimétaphosphates de cations monovalents
Authors: Grenier Jean-Claude
Published: July 2019

Chemical preparations and crystallographic data are given for six trimetaphosphates of monovalent cations : Ag₃P₃O₉ • H₂O, K₃P₃O₉, (NH₄)₃P₃O₉, Tl₃P₃O₉, Rb₃P₃O₉ • H₂O, Cs₃P₃O₉ • H₂O. A comparison of their molar volumes gives an idea of the stacking deviations as a function of the associated cations sizes.
Exemples d'identification et de localisation des éléments en traces dans des minéraux luminescents (cassitérites) à l'aide de l'analyseur ionique
Authors: Remond Guy
Published: July 2019

The electron probe analyser and the Castaing-Slodzian ion analyzer allow to locate different impurities in each cathodoluminescent area of several cassiterite samples.

Sensitivity and spatial resolution of the ion and X-rays images are compared. The scanning electron microscope shows the variations of topography induced by the ion bombardment at the surface of the specimen. These observations allow us to distinguish between the impurites which act as « luminescent centers » responsible of the light emission and those located in very small inclusions. Aluminium, titatium and iron distributions are more particulary illustrated in two cassiterite specimen from Caceres (Spain).
Structure cristalline du bromhydrate de pipéridine
Authors: Escobar Carmen , Cid Hilda , Boys Daphné , Prendez Margarita
Published: July 2019

On a fait l'étude cristallographique du bromhydrate de pipéridine C₅H₁₁N • HBr au moyen de la diffraction de rayons X et des méthodes de la transformée optique. La structure est comparée à celle du chlorhydrate de pipéridine.

L'affinement a été fait par la méthode des moindres carrés sur 214 taches de diffraction mesurées sur les clichés obtenus sur une chambre de précession avec la radiation MoKα.

Les paramètres de la maille élémentaire sont :

a = 9,98 ± 0,03 Å b = 9,97 ± 0,01 Å c = 7,69 ± 0,02 Å

avec le groupe spatial Pcmb.
Sur la découverte de fergusonite dans la région d'Évisa (Corse)
Authors: Parfenoff Alexandre , Péronne Yves , Quin Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2019

La fergusonite est découverte dans les concentrés alluvionnaires de granites à riébeckite˗aegyrine, avec d'autres minéraux spécifiques de ces roches. Les caractères de ce minéral sont donnés, ainsi que son gisement probable, dans deux faciès de granites à riébeckite˗aegyrine : granite perthitique et granite albitique.
Structure cristalline de Cd (H2 PO4)2.2H2O
Authors: Averbuch Marie-Thérèse , Durif-Varambon André , Guitel Jean-Claude , Tordjman Isaac , Laügt Marguerite
Published: July 2019

Cd (H₂PO₄)₂ • 2H₂O cristallise dans le système monoclinique avec une maille :

a = 7,352(2) Å  b = 10,425(2) Å  c = 5,406(2) Å  β = 93,79(2)°  Z = 2 renfermant deux unités formulaires. Le groupe spatial est P2₁/n. La structure cristalline a été résolue en utilisant 1394 réflexions obtenues à l'aide de la longueur d'onde du molybdène. La valeur finale de R est de 0,043. On donne les coordonnées atomiques, les facteurs de températures anisotropes, les longueurs des liaisons et les angles de ces dernières.
Caractérisation de kaolinites ferrifères par spectrométrie Mössbauer
Authors: Janot Christian , Gibert Huguette , Tobias Charles
Published: July 2019

Des échantillons extraits de matériaux pédologiques de la zone tropicale ont été étudiés à l'aide de la spectrométrie Mössbauer. Il apparaît ainsi que la plus grande partie du fer se trouve sous forme d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes précipités sur la kaolinite. Cependant, une certaine fraction des sites octaédriques normalement occupés par de l'aluminium peuvent également contenir du fer de substitution dans le réseau de la kaolinite. L'observation des mêmes échantillons, après application d'un traitement de déferrification, montre que, si les oxydes et hydroxydes sont éliminés préférentiellement, ils peuvent ne pas l'être totalement et, par ailleurs, le réseau de la kaolinite initiale peut être altéré. Enfin, l'étude des spectres Mössbauer après traitement thermique des échantillons permet de caractériser la réaction de déshydroxylation vers 585° C ainsi que la cristallisation en mullite vers 980° C.
Sur une deerite de l'ensemble des calcschistes piémontais à Troncea (Italie)
Authors: Bocquet Jacqueline , Forette Marie-Claude
Published: July 2019

E' stata rinvenuta deerite in antiche miniere situate ad oriente di Sestriere (Alpi Cozie, Italia) nell' ambito del Complesso piemontese dei calcescisti con pietre verdi. La sua composizione chimica è stata analizzata alla microsonda. La deerite sembra caratterizzare rocce ricche in ferro e paragenesi metamorfiche della facies a glaucofane.
Mailles primitives et plus courtes translations d'un réseau
Authors: Guymont Michel , Wu François
Published: July 2019

It is proved that a cell based on three among the shortest translations of a tridimensional lattice is necessarily primitive. This theorem, also true for a plane lattice, is false for a lattice with a number of dimensions greater than three.
Structure cristalline du sulfure mixte de thulium et de cérium TmCeS3
Authors: Rodier Noël
Published: July 2019

Le sulfure mixte de thulium et de cérium TmCeS₃ cristallise dans le système monoclinique et appartient au groupe spatial P2₁/m. Sa maille de dimensions : a = 11,09 ± 0,02 Å, b = 21,42 ± 0,03 Å, c = 3,98 ± 0,01 Å et γ = 102,9 ± 0,2° contient huit masses formulaires.

Les positions atomiques ont été déterminées sur monocristal à la précision de R = 0,05, raffinement terminal faisant intervenir 572 facteurs de structure.

Deux atomes de thulium sont entourés d'un octaèdre d'atomes de soufre, les deux autres sont heptacoordinés. Les quatre sites occupés par des atomes de cérium ont la coordinence huit.
Examen des oxydes de fer et titane dans l'environnement du gisement de cuivre de Musoshi (Shaba, République du Zaïre)
Authors: Cailteux Jacques , Dimanche François
Published: July 2019

Les sulfures du gisement cuprifère stratiforme de Musoshi montrent fréquemment une association structurale étroite avec le leucoxène et le rutile.

Les arkoses encaissant le gisement montrent des transformations incomplètes de grains détritiques d'ilménite en hématite et rutile.

La signification génétique de ces deux modes d'association est brièvement discutée.
Propriétés optiques de la chervétite, pyrovanadate de plomb
Authors: Cervelle Bernard , Cesbron Fabien
Published: July 2019

Determination of the optical constants and of the optical axial angle of chervetite Pb₂V₂O₇, by measurement of reflectances on orientated natural faces.
Un nouveau gisement de quartz clivé à Cassongue (Angola)
Authors: Machairas Georges
Published: July 2019

Presentation of the geological data on a new location of clivaged quartz in Angola and its fluid inclusions.
Isomorphous replacement by ion exchange : some equilibrium aspects
Authors: Barrer Richard Maling
Published: July 2019

La grande famille des zéolites, structuralement diverse, fournit un grand nombre de modèles pour l'étude quantitative des remplacements isomorphes par échange direct d'ions dans les conditions modérées. Un compte rendu a été donné sur certains aspects de l'équilibre dans ces remplacements isomorphes. Les isothermes de différents types sont considérés : certains montrent une solution solide continue entre les pôles, et d'autres montrent des lacunes de miscibilité. Les zéolites fournissent des milieux échangeables dans lesquels, pour une série donnée, les ions échangeables se trouvent souvent dans des environnements cristallochimiques différents. Des échanges portant sur plusieurs sortes de sites cationiques à l'intérieur d'un cristal donné, sont considérés. Des zéolites peuvent être obtenues par synthèse et existent dans la nature, dans lesquelles, pour une structure donnée, le rapport Al : Si varie. L'effet de la densité de charges du réseau sur l'équilibre d'échange a été étudié expérimentalement et en termes d'une théorie diélectrique.
Iron (II) -magnesium exchange equilibrium between olivine and calcium˗free pyroxene over a temperature range 800° C to 1 300° C
Authors: Matsui Yoshito , Nishizawa Osamu
Published: July 2019

Experimental data on coexisting olivine, (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, and calcium-free pyroxene, (Mg, Fe)₂ Si₂O₆, were critically reviewed on the basis of assumption that both olivine and pyroxene behave as the simple mixtures. New data, obtained by the equilibration at 30 kbar and 1 000° C, were included also. Independent data from several authors gave a consistent picture that :

1) the simple mixture assumption is sufficient to describe the exchange reaction of Fe and Mg between olivine and pyroxene ;

2) excess enthalpy of mixing for olivine is larger than that for pyroxene, the difference between them appearing to be accounted for largely by intracrystalline distribution of Fe and Mg ions in pyroxene ; and :

3) the exchange reaction is singularly insensitive to variations in both temperature and pressure. Thus the Fe-Mg partition between olivine and calcium-free pyroxene is decidedly unsuitable as an indicator of physical condition of chemical equilibrium.
Activités thermodynamiques des constituants dans les solutions solides d'halogénures alcalins
Authors: Bonpunt Louis , Chanh Nguyen Ba
Published: July 2019

Thermodynamical activities of constituants in alkali-halide solid solutions are calculated by exploiting solid solution demixion gaps, solidus-liquidus curves or by calorimetric measurements. Results are compared and methods discussed.
Revue des méthodes employées en minéralogie pour la mesure des enthalpies libres des solutions solides binaires
Authors: Delbove François , Sabatier Germain
Published: July 2019

On passe en revue les diverses méthodes utilisées en minéralogie pour évaluer les enthalpies libres des solutions solides binaires. Un premier groupe de méthodes repose sur l'étude des équilibres entre deux phases binaires qui peuvent réagir, soit par transfert d'un constituant, soit par échange d'atomes. Dans chaque cas, le calcul peut être conduit, soit en supposant connue l'enthalpie libre de l'une des phases, ce qui permet de calculer l'enthalpie libre de l'autre, soit en déterminant simultanément les enthalpies libres des deux phases. Dans le cas de solutions solides présentant une lacune de miscibilité une autre méthode repose sur l'emploi de la courbe de solvus.

Dans l'état actuel des connaissances, les auteurs concluent que les résultats les plus sûrs sont obtenus en utilisant les équilibres d'échange entre minéral et solution hydrothermale ou sel fondu.
Quelques aspects modernes de la non˗stœchiométrie
Authors: Hagenmuller Paul
Published: July 2019

Many recent studies on the non-stoechiometry induced by lattice defects in crystals are reviewed : absorption of lattice defects in shear planes of structures with predominantly covalent bonding, and the ordering of vacancies or inserted ions in structures of more ionic type. The problem is discussed from the view point of the crystal chemistry and its thermodynamic aspects. Structure fluctuations observed in some types of pseudo-periodical lattices are related to the competition between entropy and energy resulting from an ordering process.

The notion of non-stoechiometry is extended to the tunnel structures. The influence of charges and the dimension of inserted ions on crystal structure are illustrated by some significant examples. Most of them are from studies achieved in Bordeaux in recent years. The existence of covalent lattices with variable number of electrons give to these phases very interesting properties of conduction. Other properties due to the mobility of inserted ions are also reviewed.
Phénomènes de ségrégation dans les solutions solides d'oxydes métalliques
Authors: Dhalenne G. , Revcolevschi A. , Collongues Robert , Rouchaud J.-C. , Fedoroff M. , Revel Gilles
Published: July 2019

Vertical zone melting (floating zone) experiments were performed on Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ rods. The method of heating (arc image furnace) used in this study is particulary convenient for the melting of oxides since it provides very high temperatures under oxidizing conditions. In addition to these advantages, the method does not need any crucible and avoids the contamination of the molten materials.

The movement of the liquid zone along the rod results into a migration of impurities and yields a very pure material. The impurity segregation along the rod axis after one or several passages of the zone has been studied by neutron activation analysis.

Radioactivity measurements after irradiation have been carried out with a semi-conductor detector. The numerical treatment of these measurements has been done with a programmable computer. Partition coefficients of several elements have been measured.
Les impuretés de substitution isomorphe et la formation de radicaux libres dans les minéraux (centres à électrons et centres à trous)
Authors: Marfunin Arnol'd-Sergeevic
Published: July 2019

As far as trace elements are concerned, all natural minerals are solid solutions. Substitutional impurities (and interstitial impurities and vacancies) are point defects that capture electrons or holes during natural or artificial irradiation. A great number of centers were found in minerals by using paramagnetic electronic resonance (PER). The models of these centers are definitely elucidated.

The centers are widely present in rock forming minerals : feldspars, quartz, zircon, phenacite, topaz, euclase, kyanite, beryl, sodalite, lazurite, danburite, datolite, tourmaline, apatite, amblygonite, anhydrite, barytite, celestite, calcite, aragonite, etc.

Periodical systems of these centers in minerals and inorganic coumpounds are proposed. A review of the models of centers and of their petrological application is given.
Un exemple de l'intérêt de la détermination du coefficient de diffusion chimique dans les solutions solides : cas des systèmes d'halogénures alcalins à anion commun
Authors: Bonpunt Louis , Haget Yvette
Published: July 2019

It is shown that the study of concentration — and temperature-dependences of the chemical diffusion coefificient D relative to solid solutions of alkali halides with common-anion may be an interesting way to translate the temperature-dependence of the physico-chemical properties of the diffusing medium itself.
Possibilités et limites des méthodes actuelles d'analyse ponctuelle de matériaux isolants naturels et artificiels à la microsonde électronique
Authors: Remond Guy , Johan Zdenek , Giraud Roger , Joseph E.
Published: July 2019

L'analyse quantitative ponctuelle à la microsonde électronique exige un échantillon de référence.

Parmi les options laissées dans le choix du témoin on adopte la démarche qui consiste à ne retenir qu'un nombre restreint de composés pour l'analyse des principaux éléments des matériaux silicatés.

Après un bref rappel des modèles disponibles pour l'évaluation des termes correctifs (numéro atomique, absorption, fluorescence), on illustre les avantages de la méthode retenue qui permet l'utilisation de coefficients de correction prédéterminés.
The crystal chemistry of apatite
Authors: McConnell Duncan
Published: July 2019

The apatites are an important group of minerals ; isotypes have been synthesized that include substitutions for Ca, P and F. For Ca are included : Sr, Pb, Ba, Cd, Sn", Eu" and Mn", as well as various combinations with Na, K, Al and RE. For P are included : V, As, B, Ge, Si, S, Se, Cr, and Al, as well as CO₃ groups for PO₄ groups. For F are included : O, OH, CI, and to some extent Br and I.

There appears to be considerable tolerance for hydration among carbonate apatites, and water enters the structure in three possible ways : H₂O for OH, H₄O₄ for PO₄ and/or H₂O for Ca. Nevertheless, it possible to write, as a corollary to Vegard's law : a[P] = a[K] + x(H) — y(C) — z(F) + m(Cl), where a[K] is a constant (9.404) and x, y, z and m are coefficients 0.0075 (for H), 0.070 (for C), 0.015 (for F) and 0.115 (for Cl).

The Lorentz-Lorenz relation yields : for Ca 2.10, for P 0.25, for O (of PO₄) 3.5, for F 3.0, for OH 4.9, and for CI 7.5 for ordinary apatites. This permits calculation of several omega indexes for simple apatites, such as Sr₁₀(PO₄)₆ F₂.
Solution solide d'éléments de transition trivalents dans le zircon et l'oxyde de zirconium. Étude par thermoluminescence artificielle
Authors: Caruba Raoul , Turco Guy , Iacconi Philibert , Keller Paul
Published: July 2019

Du zircon ZrSiO₄, anhydre et hydroxylé, ainsi que de l'oxyde de zirconium, dopés au Dy³⁺ ont été synthétisés par voie hydrothermale et leur étude par la thermoluminescence artificielle entreprise. Le zircon ZrSiO₄, obtenu à partir de ZrO₂ et SiO₂ présente des caractéristiques (courbe d'émission, répartition spectrale, intensité) identiques à celles du ZrO₂. La thermoluminescence de ce type de zircons est en réalité due à des inclusions de ZrO₂ qui forme avec Dy₂O₃ une solution solide lacunaire permettant une compensation de charge due au remplacement de Zr⁴⁺ par Dy³⁺.

Dans le zircon hydroxylé de formule générale Zr (SiO₄)₁₋ₓ(OH)₄ₓ le remplacement du zirconium par le dysprosium dans le réseau peut être compensé par un départ de groupement OH et la thermoluminescence obtenue semble dans ce cas être due au zircon lui-même.
Étude expérimentale de la dissolution d'un péridot contenant des éléments métalliques de transition (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)
Authors: Mboma Muyolo Jean-Pierre , Trichet Jean
Published: July 2019

La dissolution par l'eau d'une forstérite dopée en éléments de transition a conduit à une concentration relative de ces métaux, par rapport au magnésium, dans les gels qui apparaissent lors de l'altération du minéral. Le facteur de concentration est comparable pour Co, Ni, Zn. Il est systématiquement plus élevé pour Cu. Les résultats sont en bon accord avec ceux auxquels conduisent des expériences de fixation d'éléments métalliques de transition dans des gels synthétiques silico˗magnésiens. Cet « effet de gel » n'a pas permis de mettre en évidence le rôle joué, lors de l'hydrolyse, par la stabilisation différentielle des éléments par le champ cristallin.
Étude expérimentale de la dolomitisation de la calcite
Authors: Sureau Jean-François
Published: July 2019

La dolomitisation expérimentale de la calcite est réalisée dans le système CaCO₃-H₂O-MgCl₂-pCO₂ à 150° C, au moyen d'un autoclave prototype. L'étude des phases solides qui apparaissent, de leurs relations et de l'évolution chimique de la solution, permet de montrer que la dolomitisation s'effectue par dissolutions et précipitations successives : magnésite calcique, protodolomite, dolomite, calcique. L'examen des croissances épitaxiques entre ces minéraux rend compte de la pseudomorphose de la calcite par la dolomite.
Feldspat-Mischkristalle : eine Übersicht
Authors: Bambauer Hans Ulrich , Kroll Herbert , Nager H. E. , Pentinghaus H.
Published: July 2019

Résumé. — Les composés ayant la structure d'un feldspath peuvent être représentés au moyen de la formule générale :

(A¹⁺ₓA²⁺₁₊ₓ) [T³⁺₂₋ₓT⁴⁺₂₊ₓO₈], 0 < x < 1.

Autant qu'on le sache, les substitutions possibles font intervenir :

— pour A¹⁺ : Na, K, Rb, Tl, NH₄,

— pour A²⁺ : Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Mn,

— pour T³⁺ : Al, B, Ga, Fe,

— pour T⁴⁺ : Si, Ge.

On peut classer ces composés selon leur appartenance à l'un des trois groupes suivants : 1. Celui du type des feldspaths alcalins et ses solutions solides ; 2. Celui du type des feldspaths alcalino-terreux et ses solutions solides ; 3. Celui du type des plagioclases, lesquels sont des solutions solides entre membres du premier et du second groupe. On passe en revue les solutions solides formées par ces trois groupes et on en discute les implications cristallochimiques.
Critical behaviour of the displacive monoclinic˗triclinic symmetry change in Na Al Si3O8 - K Al Si3O8 crystalline solutions
Authors: Waldbaum David Robert
Published: July 2019

La transformation displacive monoclinique˗triclinique a lieu dans les feldspaths alcalins pour une composition qui peut être déterminée avec précision en faisant intervenir un certain nombre de fonctions de l'angle réticulaire α, lesquelles, pour un ensemble d'angles mesurés à une température donnée, dépendent linéairement de la teneur en KAlSi₃O₈. Les graphes représentent la variation d(hkl) et de d(h[-k]l) avec la composition ont, par cette méthode, l'apparence d'une courbe binodale (solvus) correspondant au domaine critique à deux phases d'une solution binaire. Les compositions critiques (N[Or, DMT]) pour lesquelles on observe le changement de symétrie à la température ambiante dans les feldspaths synthétisés à 800° C par Donnay et Donnay (1952), Orville (1967) et Luth et Querol-Sune (1970) sont respectivement 0,333, 0,341 et 0,321. Les données disponibles indiquent une augmentation de N[Or, DMT] à 25° C, avec l'abaissement de la température de mise en équilibre interne (synthèse hydrothermale) et une augmentation de cette même composition critique avec la diminution du degré d'ordre des Al et des Si (monoclinique) dans les séries dérivées de l'analbite par échange des alcalins. Les changements structuraux associés à la substitution de K par Na dans les feldspaths riches en sodium ayant une distribution triclinique des Al et des Si sont étroitement reliés aux changements observés dans les sanidines, même si une transformation triclinique˗monoclinique dans une telle série est impossible, quelle que soit la température.
Étude d'halogénopnictures. III. Structure de Ca2PI et Ca3PI3. Surstructures de type NaCl
Authors: Hamon Christian , Marchand Roger , Laurent Yves , Lang Jean
Published: July 2019

Ca₂PI et Ca₃PI₃ ont été choisis pour l'étude structurale des composés M₂YI et des phases M₃₊ₓY₁₊ₓI₃₋ₓ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba — Y = P, As, Sb). Ca₂PI cristallise dans le système rhomboédrique (groupe spatial R[-3]m) et Ca₃PI₃ dans le système cubique (groupe spatial I4₁32). On a décrit leur structure en la plaçant dans une systématique générale des surstructures normales et déficitaires dérivées de NaCl. Ca₂PI est le premier exemple de structure anti α NaFeO₂. L'ordre des différents atomes dans Ca₃PI₃ en fait un nouveau type de surstructure NaCl.
Sur une muscovite exceptionnellement riche en sodium dans les micaschistes à staurotide des environs de Saint-Geniez-d'Olt (Aveyron)
Authors: Poulain Danielle , Kornprobst Jacques
Published: July 2019

L'assemblage d'un micaschiste à deux micas, staurotide et almandin des environs de Saint-Geniez (Aveyron) comporte une muscovite qui contient 32,4 % de paragonite en solution solide. Cette teneur, exceptionnellement élevée pour un mica naturel, est liée à la valeur, très faible, du rapport Ca/Ca + Na de la roche hôte. Une compilation des données chimiques disponibles montre que, d'une manière générale, la teneur en CaO des micaschistes est suffisante pour que soit inhibée, au profit du plagioclase, la cristallisation d'un mica blanc fortement paragonitique. L'utilisation systématique des variations de d₀₀₂ des micas blancs à des fins zonéographiques, doit être assortie de la connaissance approfondie de la composition globale des roches considérées, et notamment de leur teneur en calcium ; les résultats des travaux expérimentaux sur le système muscovite˗paragonite ne peuvent être utilisés directement pour la détermination des températures de cristallisation.
Application à quelques roches endogènes du massif franco-italien de l'Argentera˗Mercantour, d'une typologie originale du zircon accessoire. Étude comparative avec la méthode des R. M. A.
Authors: Pupin Jean-Pierre , Turco Guy
Published: July 2019

The previously proposed new statistical method using typology of accessory zircon populations has been applied to some igneous and metamorphic rocks from Argentera-Mercantour Mountain (monzonitic intrusive granite ; anatexites and anatexitic granite ; amphibolic agmatites). The repartition of studied populations doesn't present any discontinuity. « S » zircon type [(100)-(110)-(101)-(211)] is the most frequent in these rocks. Petrographic and petrogenetic analogies and differences can be also underlined by this method. So, static granite and associated anatexites have similar populations, significatively different from that of Argentera intrusive granite. Comparative study with « R. M. A. » (Reduced Major Axis) method has been undertaken. A new notion of « Typologic Evolution Tendency of zircon populations » in endogenous rocks is proposed.
Presentation of sales price reserves for live lamb
Authors: Cehla Béla
Published: July 2019

Although sheep breeding in Hungary is grounded in strong traditions, its activities only comprise 1% of the total production value generated from agriculture, and 2% of that for animal-based products. The most significant portion of incomes earned in the Hungarian sheep sector has, for years now, stemmed from the sale of live animals. The sector is decidedly export-oriented, as the domestic demand for its main product, i.e. lamb meat, and is minimal, equaling some 20-30dkg per person per year. Part of the sold animals is sold to market as dairy sheep, while the greaterpart is sold in the category of lamb carcasses. For this reason, the average weight of slaughter sheep has lied between 19-22 kg for years now. The target markets for live lamb sales are predominately Italy and Greece. In Greece, movement on this market has shown an upward tendency in recent years; noteworthy are also sales to Austria, Holland, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Poland. In 2003, we exported sheep meat in the form of carcasses to Italy, as well as to Germany, and of these exports, 94% went to Italy, while the remaining 6% went to Germany.Among sheep products, only the trade balance for live animal sales is positive. But even for such producers, only those who are specialized in intensive breeding and those sheep farms  “targeting” meat production can obtain earnings. Specialized literature on the sector argues that the quality of Hungarian lamb has diminished dramatically and is beginning to lose its market position. If Hungarian lamb does not meet market expectations, then it will only be bought from producers at lower prices.My research focuses on those factors which influence price. I separately discuss the question of quality, as one of the most important decisive factors on price. Within this discussion, I describe the market expectations which actually have an effect on the acceptance of live animals for sale on commission. In practice, after the problems of quality, the next most important question is that of when sale is made. In the course of my research, I studied the development of averages for sales on commission of live lambs using statistical methods. The most important problem of this sector is the hierarchical system used in sales: this is the topic hich neither the producer, nor the buyer, wish to discuss, not even with each other. On the basis of the information at my disposal, I outlined the levels of traders and individual levels used to arrive at commission prices. Finally, I examined the components of the production value of live lamb sales. The results I obtained quantified the key role of the prices and the yield, as well as the factors influencing income.
The electronic claiming for the Single Area Payment Scheme (eSAPS) in Hungary: the evaluation of a new system
Authors: Csótó Mihály
Published: July 2019

The agricultural subsidies play a crucial role in the policy of the European Union. Remarkable part of the EU budget is dedicated to agriculture and rural development. The enlargement of the EU, the global changes in the market and other challenges are raising the demand for a better and more efficient way of work in the organization, using information and communication technologies, and especially the implementation of e-governmentservices. The article presents the Hungarian electronic claiming system (called eSAPS) for European founds in agriculture, and evaluates the first year of its operation.
Characterisation of a thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS712
Authors: Erdei Éva , Molnár Mónika , Gyémánt Gyöngyi , Harangi János , Nagy János , Pócsi István
Published: July 2019

Fermentation at high temperature with application of thermotolerant microorganisms is a technological advantage in bioethanol production. Among the yeasts, K. marxianus has outstanding thermotolarance. The industrial application of the IMB3 strain occurs usually at 45C. The final aim of our project is the genetic modification of the K. marxianus CBS712 strain in order to achieve ethanol production at higher temperature than the currently applied. This requires the characterization of the CBS712 strain, with special attention to the determination of the temperature limit of its growth and the amount of the ethanol produced. The temperature limit of growth was 48C in YPD medium. Elevation of the temperature above 45C led to an exponential drop of the cell viability. Ethanol production was tested in shaking flasks, in MYFM medium, under oxigene limited conditions, applying variable concentrations of glucose (12–20%) and different temperatures (45–47 ºC). Preliminary results have revealed that the elevation of glucose concentration increased the amount of ethanol produced. The amount of ethanol (appr. 5%)+ produced at the highest glucose concentration was not different at the tested temperatures (45, 46 and 47 ºC). The observation indicates the potential in raising the thermotolerance of the strain.
Effect of bacteria containing bio-fertilizer on Cd-tolerance of corn and sunflower seedlings in nutrient solution
Authors: Gajdos Éva
Published: July 2019

Bio-fertilizers promote the nutrition uptake, firstly enhance the baring and mobility of nutrients, on the other hand biofertilizers elevate nutrient uptake in direct way. Although there are a lot of questions about their application in polluted soils. The  cadmium ion is easily collectable and also transportable inside plants. Thus the Cd can get into the food-chain causing public health problems. The cadmium treatment decreases the dry matter accumulation, and the intensity of photosynthesis at the experimental plants, while the treatments with bio-fertilizer increased these parameters. The cadmium accumulated in the roots, the transport to the shoots was low. We came to the conclusion, that –because of the different nutrient-uptake systemthe sunflower took up more cadmium. Using bacterium containing bio-fertilizer the toxic effect of cadmium was moderated. By our experimental results the use of Phylazonit is offered under contaminated conditions.
Pajak penghasilan bagi profesi penulis: kehebohan sesaat di dunia maya
Authors: Sari Dian Purnama
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Pajak merupakan bukti bakti masyarakat kepada Negara. Namun, bagi masyarakat, pembayaran pajak masih terasa sebagai “paksaan” layaknya upeti kepada Negara. Hal ini terlihat dari tulisan dan kritik yang disampaikan oleh beberapa penulis terkenal di Indonesia. Pemotongan pajak penghasilan bagi profesi penulis dirasa tak adil oleh penulis di Indonesia. Tulisan ini ingin membandingkan pajak penghasilan yang harus dibayar sesuai dengan beberapa masukan dari profesi penulis dengan peraturan perpajakan yang ada. Hasil tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa pembayaran pajak penghasilan penulis sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah merupakan pemotongan pajak yang adil.

Abstract Tax is a society loyalty to government. Altough, to majority people, tax feel like enforcement. There are so many critics about tax, including famous book author in Indonesia. Income tax deduction is unfair according to author. This study aims to compare income tax with tax regulation and recommendation from author. The result show that amount of income tax with tax regulation are fair enough.
OPTIMALISASI PENJADWALAN PROYEK JEMBATAN GIRDER GUNA MENCAPAI EFEKTIFITAS PENYELESAIAN DENGAN METODE PERT DAN CPM PADA PT BUANA MASA METALINDO
Authors: Taurusyanti Dewi , Lesmana Muhamad Fikri
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPT Buana Masa Metalindo focuses on providing metal fabrication for various industrial sectors, such asoil, gas, mining, industry and automotive. The current ongoing project is girder bridge. A girder bridge isa high quality light steel frame bridge, which is movable and is very strategic in supporting constructionworks. The issue lies on the project timefram which can be finished in accordance to the time shift set at42 days in the beginning, to 35 days. PERT-CPM method can be utilizied to manage project working timebecome more efficient and effective. In order to reduce the impact of the project delay and cost overruns,three alternative methods can be drawn; (i) additional workforce/labours, (ii) working overtime, and (iii)subcontracting. Acceleration of duration is done on the activities at the critical path and total days thatgiven on each alternative is equaled. Result showed that additional workforces/labours alternativefigured out the optimal time to finish the project which 35 days with projects total cost Rp48,650,000.00.Keyword: effectivity, probability.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP RENTABILITAS PERUSAHAAN PADA PT SEPATU BATA, TBK
Authors: Chaidir Chaidir , Kawuryan Shanti Lintang
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTGenerally, the company's goal is to obtain the optimal profit, maintaining the company's survival anddevelopment. Thus, companies must consider the profitability of the company. Profitability of PT. ShoesBata Tbk influenced by various factors of financial factors that can be measured using financial ratios.Based on the statistical results of the coefficient of correlation coefficient between the working capitalturnover and return on investment of -0.135. Indicates that the value obtained is very low correlationbelong to the weak negative correlation. The statistical results showed that the management of workingcapital to profitability (ROI) has a negative relationship and the direction does not significantly influencethe profitability (ROI).Keywords: Working capital turnover and Return On Investment
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DI RESTORAN BEBEK DAN AYAM GORENG PAK NDUT SOLO
Authors: Hayati Yetti Hunsul , Sekartaji Gracia
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis study is about the Effect of Product Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Influence Effect of productquality to customer satisfaction conducted on Eating Duck and Chicken Fry Pak Nduts Restaurant. Theanalytical method used is quantitative statistics. The analysis of the data used is Analysis CorrelationCoefficient. Research results revealed the fact that the product quality affects customer satisfaction, it canbe seen in the table Correlation obtained for rxy 0710, and the value r tabel on 398 df is 0.098. it meansthere is a positive relationship between the products to customer satisfaction at home eating duck andchicken fried Pak Ndut Solo. Based on the index level of customer satisfaction can be seen that theaverage Tki is 100.1%, which means that consumers are satisfied with the quality of existing products athome eating duck and chicken fried Pak Ndut Solo. When viewed by test f and t, f test states that the valueof F count> F table that is 89.621> 1.96 by t-test and stated that t has a value greater than the value ttable is 1.966> 0.05, which means There is a significant relationship between the independent variables,Quality Products from duck and chicken fried Pak NdutS restaurant with Consumer Satisfaction.Keywords: Product quality and consumer satisfaction
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKU DENGAN METODE MRP PADA PT BOGOR MITRADAYA MANDIRI
Authors: Taurusyanti Dewi , Putra Feri Anggara
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRaw material requirements planning is one way to increase cost efficiency. The purpose of this study wasto determine the proper technique for cost efficiency. The Research in Bogor Mitradaya PT Mandirifacing problems of shortage or excess raw materials in the warehouse or stock outs so disrupt the smoothproduction process. Comparative descriptive research with case study method. The analysis wasconducted using MRP (Material Requirement Planning). The Results showed that raw materialrequirements planning at PT Mandiri Bogor Mitradaya pretty good. But in its activities, sometimescompanies have excess or shortage of raw materials warehouse, causing inefficient costs on 17th feb-23feb 2015. The calculation methods Lot For Lot MRP techniques proven to increase cost efficiency. Thus,the authors recommend techniques Lot For Lot to be considered, especially in decision making.Keywords: Raw Material Planning, Cost Efficiency, Total Inventories, Number Booking
HUBUNGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN PARTISIPATIF DENGAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT TIRTATAMA ELPINDO
Authors: Priatna Angka , Nasution Hendra Muda
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the performance of employees at PT TirtatamaElpindo. Relative to the how employees can work as good as possible and employees have highmotivation in completing the work with the appropriate participatory leadership style. Then about it, thisstudy aims to demonstrate the significance of the relationship participative leadership style with employeeperformance. The method that used is verification research, the research methods that used isexplanatory survey, engineering research using quantitative statistical and analytical methods that usedare spearmen rank correlation analysis, coefficient of determination and hypothesis test correlationcoefficient. Based on the results of the analysis, rank correlation coefficient spearmen participativeleadership style and employee performance is obtained r = 0.183. That is a very low that showed therelationship between the two variables. Value Coefficient of Determination = 3.35% so it can be said thata participatory leadership style has contributed 3,3,5% in affecting employee performance while factors -other factors have contributed 96.65% in affecting employee performance. And of the results ofhypothesis testing, the participative leadership style with employee performance at PT. Tirtatama Elpindothere was no a real relationship. Because t hitung (1,447) <t table (2.048), then accept and reject Ho Ha.The conclusion that there is no real relationship between participatory leadership style with employeeperformance.Keywords: Relationships, Leadership Style Participatory Employee Performance