bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEORI PENDIDIKAN TUNTAS MASTERY LEARNING BENYAMIN S BLOOM
Authors: Lafendry Ferdinal
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini menganalisis tentang penggunaan bloom taxonomi dalam proses pemblajaran. Data penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan deskriptif analistis serta referensi yang terkait. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan penguasaan peenggunaan hirarki yang dikemukakan oleh Benyamin S Bloom. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis.Taksonomi Bloommerupakan struktur hierarki yang mengidentifikasikan skills mulai dari tingkat terendah hingga tertinggi. Taxonomi Bloom menjadi referensi sebagai seperangkat klasifikasi standar,memberikan panduan kepada guru dalam memahami tingkatan hirarki tersebut dan cara menggunakannya dalam pengajaran. Sehingga guru dapat memastikan kompetensi dasar  dan indikator hasil belajar yang akan dicapai apakah capaian pembelajaran hanya sampai low order thinking skill mengetahui, memahahami atau sampai mampu mempraktekan dan mampu menaplikasikannya bahkan sampai ke indikator high order thinking skill  . Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengklasifikasikan tujuan-tujuan dari sistem pendidikan kita.
Agricultores de maíz en el sistema roza tumba y quema. ¿qué los motiva a preservar este sistema agrícola?
Authors: Elizalde López Guadalupe Genoveva , Sagarnaga Villegas Leticia Myriam , Olivera Martínez Angélica Marlen
Published: May 2024

La roza tumba y quema (RTQ) cubre necesidades de autoconsumo en comunidades rurales. Con frecuencia los agricultores no consideran los costos de producción, beneficios no monetarios y los impactos ambientales para seguir en esta actividad. El presente trabajo evalúa estos aspectos, con el objetivo de identificar las principales razones por las que los agricultores siguen produciendo bajo este sistema agrícola. Para ello, se recabó información económica, productiva y percepción de impactos, mediante paneles y aplicación de encuestas a agricultores de maíz bajo el sistema RTQ en San Francisco, Coatlán, Oaxaca. Los resultados del análisis económico convencional indican que no se cubren los costos de producción, sin embargo, esta actividad busca cubrir una serie de beneficios paralelos, principalmente la alimentación de animales de traspatio y el autoconsumo. Se forman dos grupos, el que está dispuesto a realizar cambios en la agricultura de RTQ porque reconoce un impacto ambiental negativo y el grupo que no hará cambios; las categorías analizadas hacen referencia al impacto y uso del maíz en estos grupos: ingreso familiar, composición de la dieta, consumo humano y consumo animal, siendo esta última la única con diferencias estadísticas (P < 0.05). Esta investigación demuestra la importancia de la RTQ en medios de vida, aunado a que es el principal sustento en la alimentación de la ganadería de traspatio, actividad que tiene funciones sociales y nutricionales importantes para los agricultores.
Bamberški sodni red iz leta 1510 kot vir za kulturno zgodovino pravosodja
Authors: Zemljič Igor
Published: May 2024

The Bamberg Maleficent Order or Constitutio Criminalis Bambergensisis is a crucial legal text, as it was the first German criminal code to be published in printed form. It was a turning point in the development of German criminal law because it represented a synthesis of criminal law, shaped by the Northern Italian practice and theory under the influence of Roman and canon law and domestic Bavarian common law. The malefic order featured 22 woodcuts illustrating the legal text. Based on the preserved depictions, we can thus accurately imagine how criminal proceedings were conducted 500 years ago while simultaneously gaining a unique anthropological insight into the cultural history of the judiciary and judges at the beginning of the Modern Period.
Kidričevo – prvo industrijsko mesto v Sloveniji
Authors: Lorenčič Aleksander
Published: May 2024

Kidričevo is the first example of a planned industrial settlement built during the socialist era. The lead construction engineer, Danilo Fürst, was also based in Strnišče. His plan was exceedingly ambitious, envisaging the construction of an industrial town with all the necessary infrastructure. The new settlement was supposed to include a hospital, a hotel, a cultural centre, schools, an administrative and economic centre, and a recreation centre. However, only a small part of the project was ever completed. The first two blocks of flats were put into use as early as March 1949, while the construction of the residential buildings was practically complete by 1956. Slovenia’s industrial heritage remains underappreciated, and little effort has been made to revitalise some of the former industrial buildings that are currently decaying.
Cannabidiol (Epidiolex)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2024

CADTH recommends that Epidiolex be reimbursed by public drug plans for the adjunctive therapy of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (DS) in patients aged 2 years or older, if certain conditions are met.
Epidiolex should only be covered to treat patients with seizures associated with DS who experience at least 4 convulsive seizures per 28 days and whose seizures are not adequately controlled with 2 or more other antiseizure medications (ASMs).
Epidiolex should only be reimbursed if prescribed by neurologists or pediatric neurologists with experience in the treatment of patients with DS for those with DS who are not receiving other cannabinoid-based medications, and the cost of Epidiolex is reduced. Treatment with Epidiolex should be stopped if the patient does not get beneficial clinical effects a maximum of 6 months after starting, or if the patient has severe side effects or is intolerant to the treatment.
O USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Matos Cristiano Castro de , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a integração curricular das tecnologias digitais na sala de aula e seu impacto no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica abrangente, serão analisadas as implicações das metodologias ativas potencializadas pelo uso de tecnologias digitais, identificando boas práticas e desafios na implementação dessas estratégias. Além disso, busca-se compreender o papel dos professores na promoção de uma integração curricular eficaz das tecnologias digitais e explorar as possibilidades de formação docente nesse contexto. A metodologia inclui revisão bibliográfica, análise de estudos empíricos e teóricos, bem como entrevistas com professores e especialistas em educação. Os resultados contribuirão para uma compreensão mais aprofundada do papel das tecnologias digitais na sala de aula e suas implicações para a prática educacional contemporânea.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS DA CIRURGIA PEDIÁTRICA EM DOENÇAS HEPÁTICAS CONGÊNITAS
Authors: Lima Maria Luiza Baruqui , Gonçalves Lara de Sousa Nunes , Garcia Giovana Campos , Cavinato Kethlen Torres , Bontempo André Sardinha
Published: May 2024

A avaliação dos resultados da cirurgia pediátrica em doenças hepáticas congênitas é um campo vital da medicina que visa compreender os desfechos e a eficácia dos procedimentos cirúrgicos em crianças com condições hepáticas presentes desde o nascimento. Essas doenças podem variar desde malformações dos ductos biliares até hepatites congênitas, representando um desafio significativo para os médicos e pesquisadores na busca por tratamentos eficazes e melhores resultados a longo prazo. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática de literatura é analisar e sintetizar os estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos sobre a avaliação dos resultados da cirurgia pediátrica em doenças hepáticas congênitas. Pretende-se identificar padrões, tendências e lacunas na literatura, fornecendo insights para melhorias nos cuidados clínicos e direcionamento de futuras pesquisas. Metodologia: A metodologia desta revisão seguiu as diretrizes do checklist PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, utilizando os descritores "cirurgia pediátrica", "doenças hepáticas congênitas", "avaliação de resultados", "crianças" e "cirurgia hepática". Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, focados na avaliação de resultados cirúrgicos em pacientes pediátricos com doenças hepáticas congênitas. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram estudos não relacionados ao tema, relatos de casos isolados e estudos com amostras pequenas. Resultados: Os resultados desta revisão destacaram diversos aspectos importantes na avaliação dos resultados da cirurgia pediátrica em doenças hepáticas congênitas. Foram identificados estudos que abordaram a taxa de sobrevivência pós-operatória, a melhoria na qualidade de vida, a ocorrência de complicações, como a cirrose hepática, e a necessidade de procedimentos adicionais ao longo do tempo. Além disso, foram discutidos fatores prognósticos, como idade do paciente, gravidade da doença e tipo de procedimento cirúrgico realizado. Conclusão: Em conclusão, a avaliação dos resultados da cirurgia pediátrica em doenças hepáticas congênitas é fundamental para melhorar os cuidados clínicos e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Esta revisão fornece uma visão abrangente dos desfechos cirúrgicos, destacando a importância da continuidade do acompanhamento clínico e da pesquisa nesta área para o desenvolvimento de melhores práticas e tratamentos mais eficazes.
ABUSO SEXUAL INFANTIL NO CIBERESPAÇO: ERA DIGITAL E PROTEÇÃO INTEGRAL DAS CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Oliveira Karen Lôbo da Costa , Oliveira Bruno Vinícius Nascimento
Published: May 2024

No cenário contemporâneo, a presença ubíqua da tecnologia na vida das crianças e adolescentes gera crescente preocupação com sua segurança no ciberespaço, especialmente diante do aumento do abuso sexual infantil online. Este estudo objetiva analisar os desafios da proteção integral desses jovens na era digital, com foco na prevenção do abuso online. Os objetivos específicos incluem discorrer sobre o conceito de abuso sexual infantil no ciberespaço, analisar seus impactos e estratégias de proteção, abordar os tipos penais que regulamentam a matéria no direito brasileiro e examinar a obtenção de provas digitais frente ao direito à privacidade do autor do crime. A metodologia adotada é qualitativa, permitindo uma exploração detalhada das nuances dessa problemática, com análise dos contextos sociais, culturais, psicológicos e jurídicos. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo para estabelecer relações entre teorias e dados empíricos, com formulação e testagem de hipóteses específicas ao longo da investigação. Os resultados esperados contribuirão para políticas e práticas mais efetivas na prevenção e enfrentamento do abuso sexual infantil online. A proteção integral das crianças e adolescentes demanda uma abordagem colaborativa e abrangente, reconhecida pela Resolução n.º 245/2024 do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente.
Studies on the propagation dynamics and source mechanism of quasi-monochromatic gravity waves observed over São Martinho da Serra (29° S, 53° W), Brazil
Authors: Wrasse Cristiano M. , Nyassor Prosper K. , da Silva Ligia A. , Figueiredo Cosme A. O. B. , Bageston José V. , Naccarato Kleber P. , Barros Diego , Takahashi Hisao , Gobbi Delano
Published: May 2024

Abstract. A total of 209 events of quasi-monochromatic atmospheric gravity waves (QMGWs) were acquired over 5 years of gravity waves (GWs) observation in southern Brazil. The observations were made by measuring the OH (hydroxyl radical) emission using an all-sky imager hosted by the Southern Space Observatory (SSO) coordinated by the National Institute for Space Research at São Martinho da Serra (RS) (29.44° S, 53.82° W). Using a two-dimensional fast-Fourier-Transform-based spectral analysis, it has been shown that the QMGWs have horizontal wavelengths of 10–55 km, periods of 5–74 min, and phase speeds up to 100 m s−1. The waves exhibited clear seasonal dependence on the propagation direction with anisotropic behavior, propagating mainly toward the southeast during the summer and autumn seasons and mainly toward the northwest during the winter. On the other hand, the propagation directions in the spring season exhibited a wide range from northwest to south. A complementary backward ray-tracing result revealed that the significant factors contributing to the propagation direction of the QMGWs are their source locations and the dynamics of the background winds per season. Three case studies in winter were selected to investigate further the propagation dynamics of the waves and determine their possible source location. We found that the jet stream associated with the cold front and their interaction generated these three GW events.
Quasi-biennial oscillation modulation of stratospheric water vapour in the Asian monsoon
Authors: Peña-Ortiz Cristina , Plaza Nuria Pilar , Gallego David , Ploeger Felix
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Asian monsoon (AM) plays a key role in the transport of water vapour to the lower stratosphere and contributes significantly to the wet phase of the annual global stratospheric water vapour cycle. Although it is known that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is one of the main drivers of the interannual variability in the AM water vapour, the physical mechanisms responsible for this variability remain unclear. Here we have used daily microwave limb sounder data for the period 2005–2020 to characterize the QBO signature on the lower stratosphere AM water vapour during the boreal summer. We show that the QBO has the strongest impact during August, when QBO westerly minus QBO easterly differences may reach 1 ppmv at 100 hPa, although a significant signature is also observed during July. We find that the region whose temperature controls the QBO signal on water vapour over the AM differs between July and August. In July, when the key region is over the tropical Indian Ocean, the QBO modulation of the AM water vapour occurs in phase with the signal over the Equator, whereas in August, when the key region is at the subtropics, over the southern edge of the monsoon, the signal over the AM is opposite to that over the Equator. Our results reveal that the QBO signal on the temperature on the south side of the AM anticyclone, which ultimately has an impact on AM water vapour, is, in turn, modulated by the QBO impact on tropical clouds. Thus, we find that the QBO signature on clouds over the eastern Indian Ocean gives rise to Rossby wave trains that produce variations in the circulation over the southern side of the AM anticyclone such that weaker anticyclone over this region generates an increase in water vapour, and vice versa.
Downscaling satellite-derived soil moisture in the Three North region using ensemble machine learning and multiple-source knowledge integration
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhang Hongyan , Bo Yong , Li Dehui , Li Long , Li Hang , Wang Shudong , Li Xueke
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Soil moisture plays a crucial role in hydrological and ecological systems. While remote sensing has advanced large-scale soil moisture monitoring, current satellite products often face spatial resolution limitations. This study presents a reliable framework for downscaling satellite-derived soil moisture, leveraging ensemble machine learning and multiple knowledge sources. Our approach efficiently converges outputs from diverse machine learning algorithms through Bayesian model, harnessing spatiotemporal domains and point-wise data. Covering approximately five million square kilometres in the Three Northern region of China, our model generates 1-km daily soil moisture maps, accurately reflecting soil water content patterns and showing spatial consistency with outputs from two credible numerical models. Validation against in situ measurements from three ground networks confirms the accuracy of the downscaled dataset. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superiority of the Bayesian-based method over four individual machine learning methods. The high-resolution dataset produced proves effective in capturing drought dynamics, particularly extreme drought patterns. The robustness of our framework is further affirmed through uncertainty analysis, employing leave-one-out and progressive sample reduction approaches. In summary, our ensemble machine learning-based framework offers an efficient solution for acquiring accurate and high-resolution soil moisture data across large regions, with implications for water resource management and drought monitoring.
Broadleaf afforestation impacts on terrestrial hydrology insignificant compared to climate change in Great Britain
Authors: Buechel Marcus , Slater Louise , Dadson Simon
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Widespread afforestation has been proposed internationally to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide; however, the specific hydrological consequences and benefits of such large-scale afforestation (e.g. natural flood management) are poorly understood. We use a high-resolution land surface model, the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), with realistic potential afforestation scenarios to quantify possible hydrological change across Great Britain in both present and projected climate. We assess whether proposed afforestation produces significantly different regional responses across regions; whether hydrological fluxes, stores and events are significantly altered by afforestation relative to climate; and how future hydrological processes may be altered up to 2050. Additionally, this enables determination of the relative sensitivity of land surface process representation in JULES compared to climate changes. For these three aims we run simulations using (i) past climate with proposed land cover changes and known floods and drought events; (ii) past climate with independent changes in precipitation, temperature, and CO2; and (iii) a potential future climate (2020–2050). We find the proposed scale of afforestation is unlikely to significantly alter regional hydrology; however, it can noticeably decrease low flows whilst not reducing high flows. The afforestation levels minimally impact hydrological processes compared to changes in precipitation, temperature, and CO2. Warming average temperatures (+3 °C) decreases streamflow, while rising precipitation (130 %) and CO2 (600 ppm) increase streamflow. Changes in high flow are generated because of evaporative parameterizations, whereas low flows are controlled by runoff model parameterizations. In this study, land surface parameters within a land surface model do not substantially alter hydrological processes when compared to climate.
Opposite spectral properties of Rossby waves during weak and strong stratospheric polar vortex events
Authors: Schutte Michael , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Riboldi Jacopo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this study we provide a systematic characterization of Rossby wave activity during the 25 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) and 31 strong polar vortex (SPV) events that occurred in the period 1979–2021, identifying the specific tropospheric and stratospheric waves displaying anomalous behaviour during such events. Space–time spectral analysis is applied to ERA5 data for this purpose, so that both the wavenumber and the zonal phase speed of the waves can be assessed. We find that SSW events are associated with a reduction in the phase speed of Rossby waves, first in the stratosphere and then in the troposphere; SPV events are tied to a simultaneous increase of phase speed across vertical levels. Phase speed anomalies become significant around the event and persist for 2–3 weeks afterwards. Changes of Rossby wave properties in the stratosphere during SSW and SPV events are dominated by changes in the background flow, with a systematic reduction or increase, respectively, in eastward propagation of the waves across most wavenumbers. In the troposphere, on the other hand, the effect of the background flow is also complemented by changes in wave properties, with a shift towards higher wavenumbers during SSW events and towards lower wavenumbers for SPV events. The opposite response between SSW and SPV events is also visible in the meridional heat and momentum flux co-spectra, which highlight from a novel perspective the connection between stratospheric Rossby waves and upward propagation of waves.
From Lviv to Warmia. Marian Krykiewicz (1891–1976) – engineer-architect, social activist, painter and sketch artist
Authors: Syrwid Robert
Published: May 2024

Artykuł poświęcony życiu oraz działalności Mariana Krykiewicza. Podjęto w nim próbę rekonstrukcji jego aktywności zawodowej, społecznej i artystycznej, podzielonej na dwa zasadnicze okresy czasowe. Urodzony we Lwowie, absolwent miejscowej Politechniki, był architektem oraz radnym miejskim w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej. Po drugiej wojnie światowej osiadł na stałe w Olsztynie, gdzie pracował jako inspektor w Wydziałach Odbudowy i Przemysłowym Urzędu Pełnomocnika Rządu RP na Okręg Mazurski i Urzędzie Wojewódzkim – a następnie w Zarządzie Budynków Mieszkalnych – oraz projektant w Wojewódzkim Biurze Projektów Budownictwa Wiejskiego. Jednocześnie pełnił też różne funkcje społeczne będąc, m.in. prezesem Zarządu Oddziału „Caritasu” i opiekunem zabytków. Osobną część jego zainteresowań wypełniała amatorska twórczość artystyczna w zakresie malarstwa i rysunku, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem regionalnej architektury zabytkowej.
Por um ensino de Sociologia engajado: proposições a partir da pedagogia de bell hooks
Authors: Machado Lucas Antunes , Caprara Bernardo Mattes
Published: May 2024

Este artigo apresenta reflexões em torno da pedagogia engajada proposta pela intelectual negra feminista bell hooks, a partir de uma experimentação crítica dos princípios epistemológicos presentes nas práticas de ensino de Sociologia da escola à universidade. Problematizamos as abordagens teóricas tradicionais que embasam o ensino de Sociologia, dialogando com o projeto de artesanato intelectual sugerido por Charles Wright Mills e com a interseccionalidade como ferramenta teórica e de práxis. Discorrendo sobre as nossas práticas em diferentes espaços educacionais, fundamentamos a proposição de um ensino de Sociologia engajado, que contemple experiência, pensamento e prática no processo de aprendizagem.
Academic integrity in pre-service teacher education: a review of the literature
Authors: Vallespir Adillón María , Espiñeira Bellón Eva María , Muñoz Cantero Jesús Miguel , Comas Forgas Rubén
Published: May 2024

This research conducts a thorough review of academic integrity in teacher education, analysing the prevalence, reasons, and solutions for academic dishonesty. From an initial 693 articles in Web of Science and Scopus, 23 were selected based on strict criteria, revealing issues like plagiarism and cheating among aspiring teachers. The study points to academic pressure, skill shortages, and confusion about integrity principles as key factors driving dishonest behaviours. It stresses the importance of comprehensive strategies to combat this, including ethics education, the development of detection technologies, and cultivating a culture that prioritizes honesty. With the rise of AI, adapting integrity measures becomes crucial. Future research should focus on innovative methodologies, the effectiveness of ethics programs, and the impact of technology on maintaining academic standards, highlighting the educational community's responsibility to promote an honest environment, essential for the credibility of future educators.
Petrographic and Mechanical Analysis of Grano-Diorite Deposits in the Qala Region, Dikundi Province, Afghanistan
Authors:   Lecturer at Engineering Geology and Mineral Exploration department, Ghazni Technical University, Afghanista, Azimi Mohammad , Weyaar Mohammad ,   Lecturer at Mining Engineering and Management department, Afghan International Islamic University, Afghanistan, Ahmadzai Mohammad ,   Lecturer at Engineering Geology and Mineral Exploration department, Takhar University, Afghanistan
Published: May 2024

This research paper offers a detailed investigation into the petrographic composition and physical-mechanical properties of granodiorites in the Qala area of Dikundi Province. It starts with a geological overview of the region. It examines macroscopic and microscopic petrographic characteristics, paragenetic mineral composition, and critical physical-mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption, and uniaxial compressive strength. XRF analysis was also employed for accuracy. The research approach is purely investigative, with samples collected from the Qala area and tests conducted by international standards. These granodiorites' uniaxial compressive strength was approximately 94.02 Mega Pascals, signifying their exceptional structural durability. Additionally, these granodiorites exhibit a specific gravity of 2.57, considered high, and a water absorption rate of about 0.29%, making them highly suitable for construction. In summary, this academic research comprehensively analyses granodiorites within the Qala region, Dikundi Province. These findings are essential for evaluating the suitability of these granodiorites for various applications, particularly in the construction industry, contributing significantly to our understanding of this geological resource. The research recommends the need for government investment in the granodiorite mining sector, particularly in the Qala deposit. Detailed geological investigations are imperative to harness the full potential of this resource, generate employment opportunities, reduce dependency on stone imports, and explore international markets.
Effect of Polymer Coatings to Impeller and Casing on the Performance of Centrifugal Pumping System
Authors: K. S. Reddy  , D. M. Bhandarkar  , A. C. Varshney  , K. D. Gharde
Published: May 2024

A computerized pump testing set up was used to assess the performance of centrifugal pumping system (5hp) by giving different coatings to the impeller and pump casing. The metallic coatings selected were stainless steel, aluminum and zinc. The polymer coatings selected were CP MECATEC 53 BL, CP MECATEC 8, Rust-I-Sol. Before applying the coatings, the impellers were treated with sand blasting for achieving clear surface. The coating was applied to impeller vanes and hub. Coating the impeller and casing with CP MECATEC 53 BL resulted in maximum increase of 5 % in system efficiency, as compared to control without coating. The corresponding input power consumption was 4.15 kW. At duty point of the pump set, the increase in the systems efficiency was 3.8% with input power consumption of 3.8kW, as compared to other treatments.
Effect of Nala Bund on Groundwater Recharge
Authors: S. N. Pawar  , S. R. Kalbande  , B.W. Bhuibhar  , S. B. Jadhav
Published: May 2024

Nala bunds are embankments constructed across nala for checking velocity of runoff increasing water percolation and improving soil moisture regime. Main objectives of nala bunding are to impound surface runoff coming from for catchments and to facilitate percolation of stored water into soil sub strata with a view to raise ground water level in the zone of influence of nala bund and to hold the silt flow which would otherwise reach the multipurpose reservoirs downstream and reduce their useful life. This paper discusses the constructional features of a nala bund in the Kutubkheda sub-watershed in the Dadegaon watershed in Aurangabad district comparing them with the standard design features and presents the impact of nala bund on soil erosion and groundwater recharge.
Development of Ammonia (Urea) Treatment Plant for Stacked Baled Straw
Authors: Uttam Kumar  , T C Thakur  , R S Jaiswal
Published: May 2024

A plant was developed for ammonia (urea) treatment of 216 bales (4-5 tonnes) placed in 6 layers of 36 bales each in a batch using 'dripping method'. The performance evaluation of the treatment plant was carried out on two stacks of wheat straw and the treated bales were covered with polythene sheets either by keeping the stack upside down separately (method No.1) or on the plant itself (method No.2) to study the effect of manners of stacking on moisture migration pattern. The actual time required for completion of wetting of baled wheat straw upto the recommended average moisture content of40% (w.b.) with urea solution at the discharge rate of35.76 g/min/emitter was found to be approximately 42.14 min. The average retaining efficiency of stacks was about 87.38%. Moisture migration pattern during curing in an airtight polythene sheets covered enclosure in method NO.1 revealed that the moisture content of bottom most layer decreased by 8.47% whereas in top most layer it increased by 5.78%. However, in method No.2 the moisture content of both, bottom and top most layers increased by 4.79% and 5.53%. The variation of moisture (50-30%) from top to bottom layers was found in the safe range of treatment.
Performance Evaluation of Laser Guided Land Leveler in Vertisols of Central India
Authors: D. Chaudhuri  , S.K. Mathankar  , V. V. Singh  , N. A. Shirsat  , U.C Dubey
Published: May 2024

Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of laser guided land leveler for land leveling and grading operations to determine its effect on water requirements and yield of selected crops. Comparison was made with fields in which leveling! grading was done conventionally with drag scraper and also with unleveled fields. The standard deviation of reduced levels and leveling index values ranged from 0.43 to 0.50 cm and 0.29 to 0.34 cm respectively in case of fields leveled/ graded by laser guided land leveler. In case of conventional method, the standard deviation of reduced levels and leveling index ranged from 1.39 to 2.81 cm and 0.92 to 2.13 cm respectively. Field capacity of the laser guided land leveler, both in terms of area covered and volume of soil handled per hour was less as compared to conventional leveling! grading by drag scraper of same size. The cost of leveling by laser guided land leveler was about 50% higher in case of land leveling operation and nearly double in case of land grading operations as compared to conventional leveling and grading. In the case of paddy crop, land leveling by laser guided land leveler resulted in much lesser variations in height of standing water as a result of which 16.67 % water saving was observed per irrigation. Crop yields were higher in case of fields laser leveled and graded fields. However, differences were significant in the case of paddy and pigeon pea crop only.
Quality Evaluation of Mechanically Washed and Polished Turmeric Rhizomes
Authors: M. Arora  , V. K. Sehgal  , S. R. Sharma
Published: May 2024

The quality of turmeric powder depends upon the initial quality of rhizomes and the practices adopted in various post harvest operations. Washing and polishing are two primary processes for quality enhancement. Turmeric rhizomes were mechanically washed in a rotary machine at varied speed and time and evaluated for microbiological washing efficiency and bruising. For optimized parameters such as 2.2 min washing time at 47.2 rpm rotational speed of the machine, the microbiological efficiency was 87.2% with negligible bruising. At optimum polishing (78%) performance parameters of40 rpm rotational speed for 20 min, the color improved from dark yellowish brown to desirable olive yellow color (2.5 YR 6/6, Munsell color chart rating), with increase in the surface smoothness (Coefficient of external friction on G.I sheet reduced from 0.487 to 0.436), and also resulted in improvement in the microbiological quality. Mechanical polishing reduced the surface microtlora by half. The total fungi reduced from 7050 to 3220 cfu/g, bacterial count decreased from 1500to 770 cfu/g and coli-forms reduced from 200 to 110 cfu/g, thus enhancing the final quality of turmeric rhizomes.
Development of Process Technology for Preparation of Ready-to-eat Puffed Potato Cubes
Authors: K. K. Singh  , K.M. Sahay  , Mohini M. Dangel  , S. Patel
Published: May 2024

Potato chips are very popular snack food in India and the French fries are also getting popularity in big cities of the country. But potato chips and French fries both contain high amount of fat 36.8 to 38.1% respectively, which is harmful for human health. Therefore, the need was realized to develop puffed potato cubes that could be used as oil free snack food. The puffing parameters: temperature, time, cube size, and moisture content were studied with respect to volume expansion ratio and non enzymatic browning of the puffed cubes. The best conditions observed were puffing temperature of 150°C, puffing time of 4 min., cube size of 12 mm, and moisture content of 50% w.b. At these conditions, volume expansion ratio of 1.6 and optical density of 0.2 were observed. The freshly puffed cubes were very much liked by the panelists and its acceptance was at par with French fries. A puffing machine was developed to process 5 kg puffed potato cubes per hour.
Modelling Water Absorption in Dehusked Black Gram
Authors: S. B. Swami  , S. K. Das  , B. Maiti
Published: May 2024

Moisture absorption in black gram was investigated at 30, 40, 50 and 60°C using Peleg Model. The Peleg constant K, varied with temperature. At a given temperatures lower the K, water absorbed was lowering. The Peleg constant K2 was almost unaffected by temperature and could be used to predict the equilibrium water absorption. The Peleg's equation with predicted constants gave fairly good fit for water absorption in black gram.
Effect of Osmotic Dehydration and Drying Air Temperatures on the Quality of Dried White Button Mushroom
Authors: R. P. Murumkar  , S. K. Jain  , P. S. Pisalkar  , R. C. Verma
Published: May 2024

Experiments were conducted on air drying of button mushroom osmotically dehydrated in 10, 15 and 20 per cent sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration to investigate the effect of osmotic dehydration and drying air temperatures on drying characteristics of mushroom and the quality of dried mushroom. Drying was accomplished in fluidized bed dryer at 35, 40 and 50°C temperatures. The time required for drying of osmotically dehydrated mushroom to 15 to 18 per cent moisture content was found to be 5.5 to 11 h. The rate of drying increased with the increase in drying temperature. Increase in drying temperature significantly reduced the total drying time. Osmotic dehydration in NaCI had influence on the water activity of the final product. Similarly, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and potassium metabisulphate (KMS) had influence on the amino acid content, colour and rehydration ratio. EDTA treated samples were recommended on the basis of amino acid content and KMS treatment improved the colour of the dried mushroom. A loss of approximately 1.4 mg of ascorbic acid was observed during drying.
Deterministic Modeling of Annual Runoff and Sediment Production Rate for Small Watersheds of Chambal Catchment
Authors: P. K. Singh  , Virendra Kumar  , R. C. Purohit
Published: May 2024

Deterministic geomorphic modelling is basically a tool for prediction of hydrologic behavior of a basin. Proper scientific planning and management require detailed data to make reliable predictions. In this paper multivariate statistical techniques have been applied to develop dimensionally homogeneous and statistically optimal models for prediction of annual runoff and sediment production rate from the small watersheds of Chambal catchment. The dimensionless geomorphic and rainfall parameters have been used as independent variable in the analysis. The significant components and parameters have been obtained by applying principal component analysis. The validation of the models has also been done. The developed models can be conveniently used to predict the runoff and SPR of small ungauged watershed of Chambal catchment and also other region having similar physiographic characteristics.
Development of a Geomorphology based Model for Prediction of Surface Run off from Ungauged Watersheds
Authors: A. Sarangi  , D. K. Singh  , A. K. Singh
Published: May 2024

Presence of a plethora of ungauged and inadequately gauged watersheds in India necessitates development of models for these watersheds to predict the hydrologic responses with acceptable accuracy. Besides the Curve Number (CN) approach, the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) models are adopted by the researchers for estimation of surface runoff from ungauged watersheds. This paper discusses the adequacy of a modified exponential distributed geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (ED-GIUH) model in generating direct run off hydrographs (DRHs). The ED-GIUH concept was used to generate the DRHs for the Banha watersheds under Upper Damoder Valley, Jharkhand, India. The estimated runoff using the ED-GIUH concept was compared with the original Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number (NRCS CN) generated runoff and validated with the observed runoff data of the watershed. The accuracy of estimation of these approaches were compared to ascertain the applicability of ED-GIUH and CN concepts for runoff prediction from ungauged watershed in India. The model input data, including natural drainage network and Horton's morphological parameters were prepared using a watershed morphological estimation tool (WMET) interface of ArcGIS@. The path probability of channel and overland flow were estimated from the generated feature classes of watershed topology and drainage networks to derive the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH). Further, from the IUH, an accounting procedure was used to estimate unit hydrograph (UH) and DRHs for different rainfall events occurring over the watershed. It was observed that the ED-GIUH technique were better (coefficient of determination (R2) =0.97, model efficiency (E) =0.96) than the NRCS- CN approach (R2 =0.74, E = 0.71) when compared with the observed DRH resulting from rainfall events of6h duration or less. However, for rainfall events greater than 6h, the ED-GIUH method (R2= 0.71, E = 0.58) failed to predict the surface runoff accurately than the CN method (R2 = 0.89, E = 0.84). Thus, facilitated by using Arc GISoo, the ED-GIUH model could be used to predict DRHs from small duration events more accurately than the CN approaches for ungauged watersheds having similar geomorphology as that of the Banha watershed.
Development of Autoregressive Time Series Model for Prediction of Rainfall and Runoff for Manshara Watershed of Lower Gomati Catchment
Authors: Eno Rai  , Arpan Sherring
Published: May 2024

A study was conducted to develop a stochastic time series model for prediction of annual rainfall and runoff in Manshara watershed of lower Gomati catchment. This is one of the sub-watersheds of lower Gomati catchment and has anareaofll.18 km2• The developed model is based on 13 years data from 1991 to 2003. Autoregressive (AR) model of order 0, 1 and 2 proposed by Kottegoda and Horder (1980) were tried. The goodness off it and adequacy of models were tested by Box-Pierce Portmonteau test, Akaike Information Criterion (AlC) and various statistical characteristics viz., Mean Forecast Error (MFE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Relative Error (MRE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Integral Square Error (lSE). Based on the results, it was concluded that AR (1) model can be effectively used for prediction of rainfall and runoff in Manshara watershed.
Role of Educational Psychologists for Social and Emotional Learning of Students and Head Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sultana Nayyar , Ali Liaqat , Kashan Sehrish
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to review evidence about the significance of the role of educational psychologists for the social and emotional learning of students and head teachers in the development of student's learning process in different ways. The purpose of the study is to see the different successful strategies that can transform students’ lives through learning behavioral, emotional, and social interaction with others and the type of environment that is needed in the educational sector through a literature review. The main objective of the study is to analyze the need for social and emotional development of students and head teachers at the secondary level. This systematic literature review explores the pivotal role of educational psychologists in fostering social and emotional learning (SEL) among both students and head teachers within educational settings. A conventional subject-searching method was used for the systematic literature review. The results of the study highlight the multifaceted contributions of educational psychologists in enhancing emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, and mental well-being among students, while also supporting head teachers in creating emotionally supportive school climates and effective leadership practices.
Awareness and Knowledge of Matrix Rhythm Therapy for Neurological Conditions among Physiotherapists
Authors: Sapkal Mayuresh , Jadhav Tejaswini , Jerome Albin
Published: May 2024

Aim: To Assess the awareness and knowledge of matrix rhythm therapy in neurological conditions.
Objective: To Assess the awareness of matrix rhythm therapy in neurological conditions by using self-made questionnaire.
To Assess the knowledge of matrix rhythm therapy in neurological conditions by using self-made questionnaire.
Methodology: 325 Physiotherapists were recruited based on the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria. Information about the study was given to the participants. The procedure of the study was explained to the participants. The validated questionnaire was distributed to various Physiotherapists around Pune through an online platform. i.e. through Google forms. The data was collected and was statistically analysed.
Statistics & Results: 325 participants were assessed by using 12 questions out of which 5 were of awareness based and 7 were of knowledge based. Mean and Mean percentage were calculated, which states that 87 % Physiotherapist were aware of Matrix rhythm therapy in neurological conditions and 87% had knowledge for same.
Conclusion: The study concluded that 87% Physiotherapist were aware of Matrix rhythm therapy in neurological conditions and 87% had knowledge of MRT in neurological conditions.
Clinical Implication: This study can be used to spread awareness and knowledge of Matrix rhythm therapy in neurological conditions among physiotherapist. And implementing it as adjunct with other neurological treatments to enhance recovery. Physiotherapists who are knowledgeable about MRT can contribute to evidence-based practice by staying updated on the latest research findings and clinical guidelines related to MRT in neurological rehabilitation,

Key words: Matrix rhythm therapy, neurological conditions, Stroke, Cerebral palsy
Evaluating Menstrual Hygiene Practices and School Absenteeism Among Adolescent Girls in Lumbini Province, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Khimananda , Dahal Rudra , Raj Paudel Yuba
Published: May 2024

This study applied cross-sectional study design to investigate the relationship between menstrual hygiene practices and school absenteeism among adolescent girls in grades nine and ten in Lumbini Province, Nepal. The research investigated how social norms, religious customs, and the availability of facilities and hygiene products affect girls' involvement in school activities while menstruating. The study used a purposive sampling method to recruit participants and self-administered semi-structured questionnaires to collect the data.
Key findings include more than one-third of the participants who experienced menarche at the age of 13 years. Among the total participants, 61% received information about menstruation primarily from friends and family members. Notably, 40% of participants were adversely affected by the lack of safe hygiene facilities and resources at school. Furthermore, 43% reported missing homework submissions and class tests during menstruation, while 32% missed regular learning and extracurricular activities. Additionally, 17% missed final examinations and had to repeat the same class. The study suggests the need for targeted programs to improve school infrastructure and implement additional arrangements for missed assignments and final examinations to address the challenges faced by adolescent girls in Lumbini Province, Nepal.

Key words: Menstrual hygiene practices, school absenteeism, adolescent girls, social norms, infrastructure, educational interventions. and Nepal.
Nigerian Land Resources and Conservation Strategies: A Critical Analysis of Economic and Non-Economic Issues
Authors: O. S. Raphael , I. O. Esther , I. O. Johnbosco
Published: May 2024

Land is an indispensable resource for all of man’s activities, and being an asset with zero elasticity in its physical supply requires adequate sustainability and conservation. Over the years, various strategies have been generated and adopted to ensure conservative management of land resources. This paper examines Nigerian land resources and conservation strategies, critically analyzing the economic and non-economic issues. Land resources conservation in Nigeria indulges economic issues from agriculture, urbanization and industrialization which affect the availability and accessibility of land for various uses, while the non-economic issues from cultural, social and environmental factors and policies are basically concerned with the determination and control of the use of land resources. These have to be considered with emanating challenges and surmounted to ensure land resources conservation for sustainability considering future generations. Policymakers, researchers and stakeholders in the environmental field have to work and operate in synergy, evaluating workable and favourable conservation strategies: balancing economic and non-economic land related issues to achieve overcoming emanating issues, thereby sustaining the goal of Land resources conservation in Nigeria.
The Anti-Open Grazing Policy and Farmers-Herders’ Conflicts in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: C. O. Udeh , C. O. Odey , N. A. Juluku , J. A. Omenka , C. D. Bassey
Published: May 2024

This study examines anti-open grazing policy and farmers-herders’ conflicts in Benue State, in order to ascertain the extent, the law was able to ameliorate the persisted farmers-herders’ conflicts and restores peace in the state. The study was anchored on the theory of structural functionalism as its analytical compass of study. The study adopted documentary method of data collection, content analysis for analysing data generated through secondary sources. It revealed that the prohibition of movement of livestock on foot, prohibition of firearms and the establishment of ranches by anti-open grazing policy ameliorated farmers-herders’ conflicts in Benue State. We recommended amongst other things, that Benue State Government should partner with the Federal Government, security agencies and neighbouring states in the fight against killer herdsmen by introducing more stifling policies, programme and workshops capable of stimulating peace, love, tranquillity and respect for human life in the state.