bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing risk better, faster and smarter with digitised supply chains
Authors: Schlegel Gregory L. , Trent Robert J.
Published: July 2024

The application of diverse technologies such as sensors, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, digital twins and predictive analytics is rapidly changing the way companies design, manufacture, distribute and service products. An obvious indication of this change is the increasing evolution toward digitised supply chains, which support the rapid integration of data and information from different sources to enhance supply chain performance. This paper explores digitisation as a critical enabler of effective supply chain management, including risk management.
How can climate risk stress testing be implemented?
Authors: Hopper Greg
Published: July 2024

This paper is a practical introduction to the nascent methodology of climate risk stress testing. After giving a general overview of the physical climate models that underlie climate risk projections, it discusses how a financial institution can leverage open-source physical risk data and climate models employed by the scientific and policy communities to perform both physical and transition risk stress tests. The paper develops two examples of physical risk stress testing: 1) a stress test of the effect of temperature increases on labour productivity; and 2) a stress test of the physical damage of hurricanes. The paper goes on to explain what transition risk is and then explores how models already in use by the climate policy community can serve as a foundation for transition risk stress testing.
The ESG challenge for real estate
Authors: Jaspers Erik , Ankerstjerne Peter
Published: July 2024

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiatives and related emerging regulations will have an impact on real estate business and the information management requirements around it. This paper describes the fundamental impact of ESG in terms of what real estate professionals will be required to set forward in view of future regulatory compliance. Regulations under construction today by various regulatory organisations are discussed, as are some views on the upcoming ESG-related accounting principles. In addition, the paper provides views on how to address the challenge of improving building portfolio performance over its life cycle in view of its ecological footprint.
The EU Code of Conduct for Clearing and Settlement: Background, status and challenges for the securities industry
Authors: Mai Stefan
Published: July 2024

This paper attempts to sum up the major challenges for the exchange and post-trade industry that are posed by the European Code of Conduct for Clearing and Settlement. The Code was adopted by the three major associations representing the cash equity trade and post-trade industry — the Federation of European Securities Exchanges (FESE), the European Association of Central Counterparty Clearing Houses (EACH) and the European Central Securities Depositories Association (ECSDA) — and accepted by the European Commission as an alternative to legal measures at the end of 2006. The first stage of its implementation started in December 2006 and the last stage is scheduled for completion in December 2007. For a better understanding of the current tasks that need to be solved by each individual player in the industry, the paper first provides the context of the better regulation principle. It then proceeds by giving an overview of the industry and by tracing the regulatory developments that led to the proposal of a Code. Finally, the paper discusses current challenges faced by the securities industry that are associated with the implementation of the Code.
Using preservation action registries to automate digital preservation
Authors: O’Sullivan Jack , Tilbury Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Using a case study of how Preservica software was used within the Preservation Action Registries initiative, this paper explores how the exchange of file format best practice across the whole digital preservation community, including between suppliers of competing systems, is leading to improved automation. The primary focus of this work is on enabling users without deep technical knowledge to avail themselves of these technologies, so they can focus on the organisation, curation and presentation of their collections. The paper also explores some of the unanswered questions regarding how this automation can be achieved and what part users who do have deep technical knowledge will play in this future.
Opinion pieces: On data and models: Is more always better?
Authors: Wilson Thomas C.
Published: July 2024

With regards to data and model sophistication, the new mantra for financial services and FinTech seems to be ‘the more the better’, supported by attractive business cases in risk underwriting, fraud detection, customer lifetime value management, conditional investment risk/return optimisation and improving customer journeys, to name a few. However, more data and more sophisticated models are not always a universal panacea and may lead to bad business outcomes if not managed appropriately in the context of the desired business outcome. This paper summarises the evolving business cases for increasing data and models in the risk management domain and their associated risks. Making the associated risks transparent naturally leads to the conclusion that a timeless risk mitigation approach — common sense — is critically necessary to complement the more structured model risk management (MRM) framework that is evolving.
The Russian payments market and the national system for card payments: An interview with Maria Mikhaylova
Authors: Mikhaylova Maria , Bruggink Diederik
Published: July 2024

The Russian payments industry is facing some challenges, as some legislation was passed in 2014 that required Russian payment transactions to be processed on Russian soil. In this interview Maria Mikhaylova, Executive Director of the Russian National Payment Council Association (representing about 95 per cent of the players in the Russian payments industry) talks about the payments market in Russia as well as the latest legislation. Last November, the National Payment Council Association organised the National Payments Forum of Russia, where these topics were also high on the agenda. In this interview, Maria shares some of the key takeaways from this Forum with us.
Innovation in payments and the revised Payments Services Directive
Authors: Hatfield Jacqui
Published: July 2024

The payments industry is on the brink of huge change with the pending implementation of the revised EU Payments Services Directive. In the UK, this situation is complicated by the recent Brexit vote. Both the UK government and the banks will need to take steps to ensure that they are ready for the changes. This paper explains the detail of the upcoming regulatory changes and their impact.
Using enterprise risk management to strengthen organisational resiliency : One institution’s story
Authors: Lucht Melanie J.
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how Carnegie Mellon University launched a cyclical enterprise risk management framework that incorporates both emergency preparedness and response and business continuity into its purview, to deliver greater organisational resiliency. The paper goes on to describe the governance structure that defines roles and responsibilities throughout the organisation, before discussing how faculty, staff and students are engaged and educated to sense risks, and to collaborate with leadership at all levels in prioritising risks for deep-dive assessments and employing feedback loops to support continuous process improvement. As the paper will show, these cyclical practices support organisational resiliency and a greater sense of risk consciousness.
Social media risk: Taming the tiger without stifling innovation
Authors: Leavesley James
Published: July 2024

‘Social media’ is no longer just the latest buzzword or an experiment for cutting-edge marketing teams. The way customers are communicating is changing, with online conversations about the majority of organisations taking place right now. However, what is the potential impact on an organisation if something goes wrong? This paper looks at how to keep control of social media assets without stifling innovation and competitive advantage.
LIBOR: The drama is still to come
Authors: Datoo Akber
Published: July 2024

This paper first summarises the origin of the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) and its methodology. Secondly, the impact of the financial crisis is explored as it revealed LIBORs flaws, leading to the LIBOR manipulation scandal which caused the market to question the reliability of LIBORs. Thirdly, the responses to the failures of LIBOR are considered, highlighting the complexity of LIBORs and their position in the market, as revealed by the conflicting views on how to remedy the reference rate’s flaws. Lastly, the consequences of the discontinuation of LIBOR are analysed, with a particular focus on the new risk-free rates, the vast amount of documentation referencing LIBOR and how ‘quick-fixes’ will do little alleviate the mounting workload and possible litigation risk faced by firms; concluding that the effects of LIBORs discontinuation will be felt well beyond the LIBOR cut-off date.
The rise of sustainability oversight committees as part of modern board governance and oversight: Practical considerations
Authors: Suetens David
Published: July 2024

Given the constantly evolving landscape, the intersection between corporate governance and sustainability has become a key topic for board members, shareholders and regulators who are seeking to ensure that companies remain competitive as well as relevant. This paper outlines how boards can become more effective in formulating strategic responses to the sustainability agenda through the creation of a specific sustainability committee, which is distinct from the risk and audit committees. It presents arguments for the creation of such a capacity, illustrating them with specific examples (such as materiality assessments). Focus is placed on the interactions with other key governance bodies (the risk, audit and remuneration committees) when such a governance body is being created, and it is suggested that solely applying a risk or audit lens is not sufficient and may create additional gaps in oversight. Finally, the paper discusses how a sustainability committee can become a ‘learning’ governance body, accelerating a sound understanding of how sustainability considerations can affect the strategy, opportunities and risks facing the company at different levels.
Airport emergency management: The art of strict rules and flexible minds
Authors: Tidhar Roni
Published: July 2024

For businesses large and small, the world over, maintaining operational continuity is an economic imperative. This paper suggests that airports provide a good case study from which to learn, due to their emergency-oriented nature; their nonstop tango with disruptions of many origins; their experience in moving from crisis to normal operations as quickly as possible; and because of their multifaceted functions and stakeholders. With this in mind, the article illustrates how the various challenges faced by airport operators align with those faced by businesses more generally. The paper argues that the best way to respond to incidents in a quick and appropriate manner is by developing processes and procedures informed by best practices, innovations and accumulated expertise.
The Butterfly Defect: Why globalization creates systemic risks and what to do about it
Authors: Goldin Ian
Published: July 2024

Global interconnectedness can yield significant benefits, but can also create new systemic risks. In a globalised world, systemic risk creates vulnerabilities such that a single node in a network has the capacity to disrupt the entire global system. Such vulnerability was illustrated during the 2008 financial crisis, when the collapse of a single financial institution had reverberating consequences across the world's financial system. Six policy steps are proposed to address systemic risk inherent in an interconnected world.
GDPR: Valuing data, assessing risk and consent services
Authors: Cameron Stephen
Published: July 2024

The biggest challenge to business is not having a way to determine which data to save or delete based on its value. Four out of 10 businesses are more concerned by penalties while three out of 10 consider that media coverage will severely affect their brand and customer base. This paper aims to address these concerns by providing an approach to understanding information risk and value in order that a clear plan can be drawn up that manages media communications to control exposure to both penalties and brand/customer losses. This paper will provide the reader with the criteria for identifying business value, establishing responsibility for risk and managing identity. Specifically it will outline: how to carry out an assessment on personal information that recognises quality criteria, process risks and business value in a virtuous cycle; how to educate an appreciation of information risk to the individual especially within the context of a breach notification; and what the market may demand of services to manage trust and transparency including the provision of a pseudonymous identity to reduce risk.
Improving the SCOR model: Is the new SCOR Digital Standard a better process reference model?
Authors: Becker Torsten
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the new supply chain operations reference (SCOR) Digital Standard model, introduced in September 2022, and compares it with the old standard. Advantages and disadvantages of the new enhancement are discussed across all aspects of the process model. The paper suggests improvements to the new model to make it more applicable, focusing on describing the changes in the standard to help digitise supply chain processes. The paper discusses different modelling problems, based on many years of SCOR application. Readers will get an overview of the new standard and its main components, and will learn the key differences between the old standard and the update, as well as various drawbacks. The suggested enhancements deal with scheduling in the supply chain, adding logistics activities and inventory planning.
Descriptive metadata in the music industry: Why it is broken and how to fix it — Part two
Authors: Brooke Tony
Published: July 2024

In Part one of this report, the music industry’s descriptive metadata problem was introduced with examples and a brief history, terminology was explained, including the core concept of abstraction, the current landscape of descriptive metadata silos was detailed and current standards were introduced. This, the second part of the report, starts by examining persistent identifiers to gauge their suitability as a globally unique abstracted persistent identifier (GUAPI). A study is proposed to quantify richer metadata’s ability to increase music sales. Potential arguments against richer metadata are also examined. Finally, a proposal is made that brings together the component issues. A standardised schema is proposed by combining two current schemata, content creator data and MusicBrainz. A method of achieving a GUAPI is suggested by increasing the coordination of current identifiers. By creating a fully abstracted model built upon these components, digital downloads would be more easily enriched with metadata. Benefits would flow to all parts of the ecosystem, including business, technical, creative and consumer. Business would be enhanced through a more powerful platform for innovation and a richer consumer experience. Technical advances would be fostered. The creative community would be properly acknowledged and consumers would gain a deeper knowledge of the art they are supporting.
Maintaining academic continuity in the midst of COVID-19
Authors: Regehr Cheryl , Mccahan Susan
Published: July 2024

The delivery of high-quality academic programmes is central to the mission of any university. For this reason, maintaining academic continuity must be a key aspect of their response to a major disruptive event. A previously described model for ensuring academic continuity in universities presented four phases: pre-planning, approaching crisis, crisis and post-crisis. COVID-19, however, has created unique challenges thanks to its global reach, impact on all aspects of societal operations and continuously evolving nature. This article describes the implementation of a model for managing academic continuity in the initial stages of COVID-19, and the continued adaptation of the model as the crisis has continued and work towards recovery has occurred without a clear end in sight. Reflections are offered with respect to: using established policies and processes; grounding decisions in core values; implementing broad and frequent communication; acknowledging and addressing exhaustion; and taking the time mid-COVID-19 to consider lessons learned.
An accessibility primer for digital communications
Authors: Gauvreau Jennifer Locascio
Published: July 2024

As the world becomes increasingly digital, effective digital marketing and communications must consider the needs of people with diverse abilities and communication needs. Individuals and organisations have a responsibility to make mindful decisions when designing and developing new digital content, including instead of excluding others. This article encourages readers to examine their digital communications through the lens of different user perspectives to develop an understanding of (and ideally an interest in) how people with disabilities use technology to gain access to, use of and contribute to online content and services. Using an introductory set of fictional scenarios, the author explores how inaccessible communications can completely exclude some people from full and independent participation. A reader with little to no prior knowledge of digital accessibility will then begin to acquire a working knowledge of some simple best practices. Through repeated practice and knowledge sharing with colleagues, the author hopes digital marketing professionals can begin to design and craft more accessible personal and professional digital communications.
Surveying traditionally constructed brickwork
Authors: Jenkins Moses
Published: July 2024

The use of fired clay bricks for construction has a long tradition in the UK. Brickwork constructed prior to the 20th century is commonly referred to as ‘traditionally constructed’, although this definition encompasses a wide range of both technical and decorative techniques.1 This paper discusses the surveying of such traditionally constructed brickwork. The focus is on what may be considered an initial survey, which notes details such as the uses of brick, the bricks used, the presence of and cause of decay, and technical and decorative features. In cases where decay is significant, further, more detailed survey and analysis of issues such as mortar, type of salt efflorescence, bricks required, etc. would be necessary. This paper, however, will give those who have a need to survey traditionally constructed buildings a good general guide to considerations relevant to surveying brickwork.
Validating business continuity programmes in the ‘new normal’
Authors: Vogel Gary
Published: July 2024

Validation activities are essential for organisations to ensure the ongoing efficacy and hence value of their business continuity arrangements. While COVID-19 has impacted the ability to perform normal validation activities in the business continuity life cycle, it has provided the opportunity for a significant live test of recovery strategies, business continuity plans, and response and recovery teams. This paper draws from practical experience with and reviews of approximately 30 Australian companies, and discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on maintenance, exercising and review. It provides suggestions for harnessing and articulating the lessons learned from an unprecedented, global disruptive event, and the adaptation of validation techniques in the new normal to increase both organisational resilience and enhance customer value propositions.
How to pivot to a first-party data marketing strategy
Authors: Kaykas-Wolff Jascha
Published: July 2024

In June 2021, Google sent shockwaves through the marketing and paid digital advertising world when it announced its plans to protect user privacy and consumer data by removing third-party cookies from its Chrome web browser by 2023. This paper describes what the road to a first-party data marketing strategy looks like: where to start, what your priorities should be, what you will need to know to succeed, and what success will look like when you get there.
A data structure for customer insights
Authors: Porzak Jim
Published: July 2024

Data-driven customer focused organisations front line business analysts and data scientists have an overwhelming collection of data about their customers. A simple data structure is presented to organise those disparate data in a way that is focused on enabling the easy discovery of customer insights by business analysts. Focusing on the customer when collecting and summarising source data ensures relevant data elements, with a general framework for both subscription and product organisations described. A concrete example of the customer insights data mart built for one subscription business is followed by four examples of actual business questions that were answered with simple queries.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence in consumer banking
Authors: Huerta Juan M. , Anand Abhinav
Published: July 2024

Thanks to the visibility of recent milestones in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), these disciplines have evolved from abstract and theoretical academic disciplines into the business mainstream. This paper provides a description of AI and ML technical underpinnings, limitations and areas of potential future impact in digital banking. It also provides an overview of the most pressing challenges and opportunities in banking, especially as they relate to the most relevant internal stakeholders in consumer banking organisations.
A framework for building more inclusive marketing and communications content
Authors: Stenlund Becky , Jensen Katie
Published: July 2024

Generation Z is more diverse and more socially conscious than any prior generation. As a result, universities must prioritise diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) efforts in order to successfully attract young people to their communities. As stewards of the university's brand and the lens through which prospective community members are introduced to the institution, marketing and communications teams have a special responsibility to authentically represent DEI through all aspects of their work. As a Catholic university with a conviction of creating ‘a vibrant diverse community’, members of the Marketing, Insights and Communications team (MIC) at the University of St Thomas in St Paul, Minnesota, were compelled to take action. This paper provides an overview of the DEI Viewfinder tool, developed by the authors of this paper, to assist content creators in examining their marketing content through a DEI lens. Created via an audit of their own marketing and communications materials, the tool provides users with nine questions to ask in support of inclusive marketing and communications materials.
A new era of private securities: Application of Blockchain in private capital markets infrastructure
Authors: Shtybel Ulyana
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the use of emerging distributed ledger technology in capital markets infrastructure with the aim of improving the efficiency of private securities issuance, settlement and trading. It emphasises the current inefficiencies in the private securities market and highlights the implications of the tokenisation process of private securities and the advantages of DLT-native digital and tokenised securities over securities issued in the traditional form. The paper also highlights the aspects of issuance of securities on permissioned or semi-public Blockchain versus public Blockchains and the use of Blockchain protocol level smart contracts versus token-based smart contracts for adoption by capital markets. It stresses the legal grounds for security tokens and the position of regulators towards a new form of securities issuance.
Building smart airports: Technology solutions to improve health, enhance experience and increase revenue
Authors: Macnaughton Piers
Published: July 2024

Modern airports are seeking new ways to differentiate and enhance the travel experience. They have hybridised to become both transportation hubs and shopping centres. Airports now view passengers as their primary customers and are becoming more aware of passenger needs throughout the travel experience. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, airport health and safety is the travelling public’s highest priority. Airports need to invest in technology that addresses health and safety concerns elevates the passenger experience, and provides a substantial return on investment in the long run. Recent surveys show that the most effective technologies are not always the ones airports are employing: environmental sensing, innovative display technology and smart glass that increases access to daylight and views of the outdoors are three such solutions. As these types of solutions become more prevalent, passengers will come to expect an increased level of comfort and convenience out of their travel experience. This paper will focus on two key technologies — smart glass and environmental sensing — that can provide a solution.
Can a party wall surveyor determine the location of a boundary under the Party Wall etc. Act 1996?
Authors: Harry Mike
Published: July 2024

The Party Wall etc. Act 1996 is an important piece of legislation which adjudicates in the midst of what are often the competing needs of neighbouring parties. Party wall surveyors are charged with the role of facilitating the exercise of the building owner’s rights while simultaneously safeguarding the interests of the adjoining owner. The Act confers upon the party wall surveyor the power and jurisdiction to properly discharge this role and laid out within the Act are a set of rules and directions that guide the surveyor as to the execution of that role. Nowhere within the four corners of the Act, however, is the party wall surveyor guided as to how to address the discharging of their role in the throes of a dispute between the parties as to the location of the boundary that separates their properties. The difficulty that arises is that much of the Act is predicated upon the location of the boundary being of settled knowledge or agreement. Indeed, knowledge of where the boundary lies goes in many instances to the heart of the operation of the Act. In his roles as third surveyor, the author is often met with referrals from appointed surveyors with differing views as to how to address a party wall matter in an instance in which there is disagreement between the parties as to the location of the boundary. This paper examines the arguments often put by surveyors in such circumstances, examines the extent of the surveyor’s powers in this regard under the Act, considers industry and judicial treatment of the matter, and sets out what is in the author’s view the conclusive position.
Application security automation in development
Authors: Kennedy Mike , Perkins Chris , Brown Maria , Prins Kori
Published: July 2024

Automated security services can provide on-demand resources that are easily adopted by development teams. To save time and money, application security should be incorporated as early as possible in the application development process. Security requirements are the earliest opportunity to build a secure foundation. Using automation, security requirements can be aligned to system and project attributes and used as a foundation for additional security activities such as secure coding examples and security testing. Later in the development process, automated testing services provide development teams with vulnerability scanning options, depending on whether legacy or modern development practices are used. Legacy development projects can benefit from on-demand source code scanning that does not require tool set-up or configuration. Modern development processes are a better fit for incorporating security testing in automated build-and-test pipelines using working example scripts. When created with development team needs in mind, automated application security services can be valuable resources for development teams that drive better security outcomes. This paper will discuss an approach to building and delivering consumable development security services to drive better security.
Instagram influencers in Kuwait: A persuasion knowledge perspective
Authors: Alhaidar Ahmad , Xue Fei
Published: July 2024

Although many studies have investigated the effectiveness of social media influencers in brand campaigns, very few of these studies have been conducted in the Middle East region. To address this gap in the literature, this study examines Instagram influencers in Kuwait. The authors develop an integrated conceptual framework based on the persuasion knowledge model to explore factors related to persuasion knowledge, topic knowledge and agent knowledge. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design is utilised to explore the effects of persuasion knowledge, influencer–product congruence and parasocial relationship on perceived post credibility, influencer credibility, sharing intention, brand interest and purchase intention. The effects of influencer–product congruence on sharing intention, brand interest and purchase intention are found to be significant, as are the effects of parasocial relationship on advertisement credibility, influencer credibility, brand interest and purchase intention. In addition, persuasion knowledge is found to moderate the effects of influencer–product congruence and parasocial relationship.
Empathy in action: Moving toward patient-centric care for multicultural type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Strassburger Jennifer , Herold Stephanie , Villa Aaron
Published: July 2024

Healthcare providers are under more pressure than ever before to provide care and be empathetic with their patients, all while being measured on their performance. Research has shown that empathy is linked to adherence, but we do not know what truly drives empathy between providers and patients. With patient populations globally becoming more culturally diverse, being empathetic and patient-centric is an even more complex challenge. To help untangle the complexity between care, culture and performance (CCP), we have conducted a study about type 2 diabetes care and treatment that utilises qualitative and quantitative research techniques to explore, as well as quantify, the tensions in the mix. The study design is twofold, with a discrete patient and physician sample across the USA, Germany and the UK. The outcome is structured around the three key CCP tensions to provide a clear perspective of what drives empathy from a patient and physician perspective. Each section will present a global view first, followed by a more in depth look at the American landscape.
The argument for retrofit
Authors: Brosnan Noel
Published: July 2024

The evidence continues to grow that climate change is happening, and although a few still argue that this is not due to human intervention, the vast majority now accept the ‘inconvenient truth’ that we are responsible and we need to do something to deal with what President Obama recently called ‘the greatest threat to our future and future generations’. Octavia Hill the founder of Octavia Housing and the National Trust was only too aware of the need to protect the environment. Today housing contributes 25 per cent of carbon emissions, and solutions exist to significantly reduce this if there is a collective willingness to act. Retrofitting our homes would not only reduce the impact on the environment but directly benefit people living in these homes, providing more disposable income and improving their health. This in turn boosts the economy and reduces the burden on the Health Service. Today the retrofit industry is stagnating: we are living under a false belief that energy prices will continue to drop, that fracking is the future and that in these challenging financial times retrofitting is a luxury we can do without. Octavia Housing, inspired by the spirit of Octavia Hill, takes a different view and encourages others to do the same.
A precis on the American property tax system
Authors: Pollack Elliott B.
Published: July 2024

The American property tax system is complex due to the federal system of government and multiple assessing and taxing jurisdictions in the 50 states. This article seeks to shed some light on issues of importance to those in the commercial real estate industry outside of the US who own property in America and are not conversant with the system.
Paying at the pump — a Nordic perspective: An interview with Kai Lindström
Authors: Lindström Kai , Bruggink Diederik
Published: July 2024

In this interview, Kai Lindström, Head of Payments at Neste, discusses some of the issues currently facing the fuel payments market, with a particular focus on payments in the Nordic and Baltic regions. He describes how the penetration of card payment varies from one country to another, and how the challenge is to provide customers with various ways to pay, concentrating on new and upcoming methods while not forgetting those legacy methods that are still relevant. Kai also discusses issues unique to the fuel payments market, such as the headaches associated with contactless card payment and how the low profit margin for petrol and diesel means that fuel retailers cannot absorb the high merchant service charges commonly associated with the providers of alternative payment services.
Unlocking the potential of faster payments in the USA: An interview with Attila Csutak
Authors: Laverdure Brian , Csutak Attila
Published: July 2024

Many Americans now have access to faster payments through Early Warning Services’ Zelle or through services provided by their financial institution that utilise the RTP network, the real-time payment system launched by The Clearing House in 2017. In this interview, Attila Csutak, Vice President and Product Manager of RTP and Zelle for KeyBank, shares insights into KeyBank’s first full year of operations with Zelle and the RTP network. He also discusses the current state of faster payments adoption in the USA, and offers observations on the potential impacts of real-time payments in the coming years.
Centring diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging in higher education marketing: Why it is essential and how to do it well
Authors: Cooper Monica D.
Published: July 2024

The changing demographics in higher education require marketing and communications offices to reassess their approach to creating promotional materials. From 1980 to 2022, the number of college students who identify as Hispanic/Latinx, Asian and Pacific Islander, African American or of mixed race has increased, while the number of white college students has decreased. Creating authentic messaging that resonates with students from various backgrounds can best be achieved if marketing and communications offices centre diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging (DEIB), not only in the assets produced but also as they consider hiring practices, communications procedures and other activities. Doing so can result in an increase in student applications and enrolment rates and student retention, as well as staff retention and workplace satisfaction. This paper examines case studies from our effort at Georgia State University's J. Mack Robinson College of Business to build a marketing and communications office that reflects the diverse student population we serve so as to hone an authentic voice that speaks to students, faculty and staff. Our approach was informed by quantitative and qualitative research we conducted in 2019, in which we convened 24 focus groups and audited existing materials. In addition to better understanding our target audience and marketing materials, we also created a workplace environment in which our staff, who reflect the diverse population we serve, felt supported and satisfied. The data gathered in response to our staff building and the application of the research to articulate our brand framework and brand pillars shows that we have seen returns in the following categories — student application rates, social media engagement and website traffic.
Visions of cities beyond the Green Deal: From imagination to reality
Authors: Maglio Monica
Published: July 2024

Cities face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The challenges include the need to tackle phenomena from climate change to population growth, as well as how to bring the European Union (EU) closer to the goal of climate neutrality by reducing carbon emissions. The political-institutional focus to resolve these issues is urgently required. The interventions that are needed in cities to meet the Green Deal objectives are numerous and diverse (including energy, transport, nature and biodiversity, food and agriculture, green finance, as well as with respect to the circular economy [CE]). Diverse approaches are justified, to an extent, as the starting point is not the same for all cities involved in the transition (large, medium and small) and reaction capacities are different. Diversity can cause confusion, however, and this has been found in particular with so-called circular cities; the absence of a defined intervention model has caused some cities to adopt both narrow and wider visions, leading to many ‘circular imaginary’ cities. The origins of these visions have stemmed from the industrial rather than the urban context, with several adaptations being made. This paper starts by discussing the journey to sustainable cities — in particular the role of circular cities in the Green Deal — and then explores the existence or lack of strategies for circular cities. Amsterdam and Milan are used as case studies to explore whether and when circular cities can be considered cornerstones of the ecological transition.
Digital globalisation enhances local customer experiences
Authors: Herrmann Bruno
Published: July 2024

Digital transforms global business and opens new marketing doors to expand and grow around the world. However, it often comes with myths and assumptions that make marketing leaders think going digital and going global are all the same, and that they are quite linear. For global marketers a global footprint is a first step and does not suffice. They have to turn it into tangible and immersive customer experiences in local markets that are just as diverse and demanding. Digital properties offer great ways to meet customer needs more successfully and quickly than ever before, provided they are prepared and optimised to handle multinational, multilingual and multicultural content accordingly. That is the price to pay for delivering total-and-micro experiences aligned with market requirements and customer expectations. To keep the digital globalisation journey cost-and-time-effective, it is essential to set up a stage, incorporate milestones and leverage resources boosting global marketing content. Embracing customer diversity turns new layers of complexity into new layers of growth.
Domain knowledge is necessary but not sufficient
Authors: Webster Zoë
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the importance of domain knowledge for successful AI projects and illustrates this with examples of where an under-appreciation of domain knowledge has led to unexpected or unwelcome results. In addition, other types of knowledge, also necessary for successful AI development and deployment, are presented.
Cyber incident response approach framework for local government
Authors: Brett Mark , Wood Joshua , Parker Jamie
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview and executive summary of the Cyber Incident Response Framework (CIRF) and supporting materials; it is a ‘start here’ guide. The CIAF can be adapted to different types of organisation. It contains information on specific public sector/UK Government aspects relating to the Civil Contingencies Act and local resilience forums (LRF); again, these aspects can be adapted for organisations not covered by those legal and regulatory requirements.1 All UK organisations are covered by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) remit; however, its intervention outside of the government/public sector would only be in time of national emergency. Other cyber incidents and cybercrime are covered by action fraud and local policing supported by the Regional Organised and Cyber Crime Units (ROCCU).
Consumer-centric commerce: Why banks and merchants need to step up their customer experience game
Authors: Kronenthal Chris
Published: July 2024

E-commerce is growing year on year, with expectations that US$4.6tn will be spent in this area by 2022, but with this growth come a variety of problems and opportunities that need to be addressed. Consumer interaction with today’s brands is changing as technology advances, and mobile technology dictates how customers want to pay, buy, browse, receive offers and earn loyalty rewards. Any merchant or service provider wanting to retain a foothold in ever more competitive markets needs to embrace this technology and use it to both their and their customers’ advantage. Merchants have real power when they get this loyalty piece right, increasing customer sales but also creating the opportunity to generate additional revenue from banks and credit providers, who increasingly want access to a merchant’s loyal customers. Trust is an issue for financial institutions, so piggybacking on the existing trust between merchants and their customers makes perfect sense. Payment services technology allows the seamless integration of the range of services necessary to facilitate these transactions, enabling the management of all interactions with clients. Robust and secure systems that comply with the latest regulatory requirements, including payment card industry (PCI) compliance and strong customer authentication, offer a secure and technologically advanced environment that will keep up with whatever payments methods or regulations are devised next. This paper discusses the result: potentially limitless benefits to all parties that can be adapted to suit future needs at will, thanks to the seamless integration of a single-platform service that provides benefits to all simultaneously.
Driving return on media investment with US Hispanics in the 21st century: The nativity-based view
Authors: Beniflah Jake , Veloz Adaluz J. , Garzon Roxane
Published: July 2024

Ever since the nativity-based view (NBV) was first introduced in 2015, business practitioners have been surprised to learn that there is a better way to target US Hispanics than by simply using Spanish-language media. This was a watershed moment for the US advertising and marketing industry — a paradigm shift that leading brands, advertising agencies and research companies did not see coming. Challenging the Hispanic marketing paradigm, the NBV proposes that nativity is more effective in driving media return on media investment than marketing to Hispanics in-language. To address recent concerns that the NBV, as a construct, lacks internal validity, this paper compares past NBV research spanning almost a decade versus 2023 data. This study continues to show that there are significant differences between US-born and foreign-born Hispanics on a number of dimensions, including demographics, language usage, media consumption and return on media investment. This new media model has strong implications for marketing to US Hispanics in the 21st century, providing brands and advertising agencies with a simple, and more effective model that has lived in the shadows of language-based marketing since the early 1990s. This paper suggests companies that follow the customer rather than the industry narrative are better positioned to win in an overwhelming US-born Hispanic marketplace.
Exploring the privacy paradox among social media users in the United States
Authors: Logan Kelty , Bright Laura F. , Gangadharbatla Harsha
Published: July 2024

Realising that voluntary compliance with online privacy disclosure increases access to consumer data, there is a need for marketers to better understand the key factors that contribute to the social media user’s tipping point — the point where a consumer would voluntarily adopt more stringent online privacy protocols or reduce engagement in social media. Adopting the theoretical framework of the protection motivation theory, this research tested existing cognitive measures (internet self-efficacy, content credibility, impression management and satisfaction with life) to determine if the measures mitigated or exacerbated social media users’ privacy concerns. The notion that personality correspondingly contributed to the personal assessment of privacy concerns was also tested. An online survey was fielded among 433 US participants. Observed variable multiple regressions were utilised to analyse the net effects of each variable on privacy concerns. The results of this study strongly suggest that there are user characteristics that align with the inclination to be concerned about privacy issues. Specifically, social media users who are sceptical regarding social media content and confident in their own abilities to protect their online data are likely to be more concerned about data privacy. The current research suggests that privacy concerns are attributable to rational concerns, which could include factors such as compensatory exchanges with advertisers and the amount of value placed on convenience and access over security. Implications for practitioners are provided.
Providing pageable access to born-digital materials at the Bancroft Library
Authors: Fidler Christina Velazquez
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the steps taken to provide access to born-digital archival material at the University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library. It also explores the concept of pageable containers as it applies to born-digital archival materials and the challenges with existing systems and standards designed for digital material. In the context of providing access through existing integrated technical systems, the author describes the conceptual underpinnings of these systems and how by working collaboratively with stakeholders, creative solutions were developed for the purpose of providing access.
A mixed approach to risk aggregation using hierarchical copulas
Authors: Skoglund Jimmy , Erdman Donald , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

Risk aggregation is the roll-up of low-level risks or sub-risks to higher levels. Risk management for banks or insurance institutions involves risk measurement and risk control at the individual risk level, including market risk, credit risk and operational risks, and also the aggregated risk of these individual risks. To determine the total enterprise risk for a financial institution, all risks must be aggregated. An accurate estimation of the total risk is necessary to control and manage the risk. Risk aggregation is a challenge because it requires an aggregated view of various levels of reporting risks, with differences in metrics and differences in data sources, etc. It is especially complex to aggregate risk when the joint dependence between all the individual risks has to be specified. Indeed, a common view of the dependence between all individual risks may not be available. It is well known that the copula approach provides a way of isolating the marginal behaviour of individual risks from the description of their dependence structure. Further, allowing a mixed approach to specify copula dependence between individual risks allows that risk dependence to be specified step by step. That is, decomposed in partial sums, which are more easily understood. Mixed copula aggregation does not fully specify the joint distribution but rather provides the minimum amount of information to determine the aggregate risk. This approach allows users to specify different dependence characteristics as is needed and the model complexity can be adjusted to the complexity required by the aggregation.