bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of Cumulative Volume of Biogas Produced from Water Hyacinth and Selected Animal Dungs Co-Digestion Mixes
Authors: Ojo Ochuko M. , Babatola Josiah O.
Published: December 2021

Water Hyancinth (WH) was co-digested with different mix ratios of poultry manure (PM), cow dung (CD) and pig dung (PD). A comparative analysis of the cumulative volume of gas produced from the different co-digestion mixes was carried out. The monitoring of the digestion process was done on a daily basis for a retention period of 40 days. The efficacy of the digestion process as well as the best mix ratio of water hyacinth to the different animal dungs was also evaluated in terms of the volume of gas produced. A rotameter with a capacity of 0.1-1L/Min equipped with a measuring tube was used for the gas flow measurements. From the results obtained the best mix of the PD-aided WH digestion is 3 WH:7 PD while CD - aided WH digestion is 2 WH:8 CD and PM-aided WH digestion is 2 WH: 8 PM. The study also revealed that the PM-aided WH mix produced more biogas compared to the CD-aided and PD-aided WH digestion mix.
Gynostemma Blume (Cucurbitaceae): A New Generic Record for Kerala, India
Authors: Prasad V. , Kumar V.
Published: December 2021

The genus Gynostemma Blume is reported for the first time from Kerala based on G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, the only species represented in India. Description, illustration, distribution data and a note on potential medicinal property are also provided.
Patient Perspectives on the Cancellation of Elective Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sequeira Sean B. , Novicoff Wendy M. , McVey Eric D. , Noble David M. , Harb Matthew A. , Taliaferro John P. , Browne James A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the unprecedented widespread cancellation of scheduled elective primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the United States. The impact of postponing scheduled total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty procedures on patients has not been well studied and may have physical, emotional, and financial consequences.

Methods:

All patients whose elective primary TJA procedures at a tertiary academic medical center were postponed because of COVID-19 were surveyed. Seventy-four patients agreed to answer 13 questions concerning the physical, mental, and financial impact of surgery cancellation. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation coefficients, cross-tabulation analysis, and chi squares, was performed.

Results:

13.5% of patients strongly disagreed with the use of “elective” to describe their cancelled TJA surgery and 25.7% of patients reported substantial physical and/or mental deterioration due to postponement. Younger individuals experienced greater change in their symptoms (P = 0.034), anxiety about their pain (P = 0.010), and frustration/anger (P = 0.043). Poor quality of life, mood, and lower HOOS/KOOS Jr interval scores were correlated with greater financial strain, disagreement with the postponement, and disagreement with the use of “elective” to describe surgery. Disagreement with the use of “elective” to describe surgery was associated with greater financial strain (P = 0.013) and disagreement with the decision to postpone surgery (P = 0.008). In addition, greater financial strain was associated with disagreement with postponement (P = 0.014).

Conclusion:

The cancellation of elective TJA during the COVID-19 pandemic had a variety of consequences for patients. One in four patients reported experiencing substantial physical and/or emotional deterioration. Associations of poor quality of life and mood with greater financial strain and disagreement with the term “elective” were seen. These results help quantify the deleterious effects of cancelling elective surgery and identify at-risk patients should another postponement of surgery occur.

Level of Evidence:

Level II—Prospective cohort study
Do Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Scores Predict the Likelihood of Passing the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part I Examination? An Update With 2014 to 2018 Data
Authors: Fritz Erik , Bednar Michael , Harrast John , Marsh J. Lawrence , Martin David , Swanson David , Tornetta Paul , Van Heest Ann
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Previous research shows a correlation in performance between the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) and the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Certifying Examination Part I; however, these studies are not current, with the most recent data from 2009. The purpose of this study was to update the relationship between the OITE and ABOS Part I scores with the five most recent nationwide cohorts of Part I scores and their corresponding OITE scores.

Methods:

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons provided the results for each resident taking the OITE from 2013 to 2017. The ABOS provided the results for each resident taking the Part I examination from 2014 to 2018. These two datasets were matched at the individual level and analyzed.

Results:

Between 2014 and 2018, 3,502 first-time test-takers were present for the ABOS Part I Examination. A 96.6% pass rate was noted (3,383 of 3,502). A statistically significant correlation between the OITE score and ABOS Part I score was observed at all levels of training: postgraduate year (PGY) 1 r = 0.380, PGY2 r = 0.463, PGY3 r = 0.498, PGY4 r = 0.504, and PGY5 r = 0.504 (P < 0.001 for all correlations).

Conclusion:

The OITE scores continue to correlate with the ABOS scores and the pass rate for the ABOS with moderate strength correlation. However, although a correlation of the examinations exists when evaluated as a group, the predictive value of the OITE for passing the Part I examination for any specific individual is far from perfect. Individuals with PGY5 OITE percentile scores less than 10 pass the Part I examination, and individuals with PGY5 OITE percentile scores greater than 90 fail the Part I examination.
Cosmarium (Zygnemaphyceae) de lagos artificiais rurais de Campo Mourão – PR
Authors: De Almeida Garcia Rodrigues Guilherme , Moresco Carina
Published: December 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer o levantamento taxonômico das algas do gênero Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs 1848 de lagos artificiais rurais de Campo Mourão, PR, para contribuir com o conhecimento ficológico do estado do Paraná. As coletas foram realizadas no mês de agosto de 2015. O material foi obtido do pecíolo de Salvinia auriculata Aubl, Elodea sp. e Nymphaeae sp. O material foi fixado com solução de Transeau. Foram encontrados 31 táxons, sendo destes, 5 exclusivos do lago 1 e 12 restritos ao lago 2, além de 14 presentes em ambos os lagos.
Integrating Blockchain Technology with Internet of things to Efficiency
Authors: Alsharari Nizar
Published: December 2021

The research study focused on integrating blockchain technology with the internet of things. The study is necessitated by the need to come up with practical and feasible means to improve the accuracy, accountability and trust among various parties involved in blockchain transactions. The research recognizes the fact that there has been an increasing using of the cryptocurrency in the global market. This has lead to the emergence of blockchain, which is one of the disruptive technologies in the information and technology sector. The research study indicates that there is a need to improve on the architecture of blockchain and the IoT system. It shows that there is a need to develop a new model to improve its efficiency and accuracy. This research paper recommends the use of decentralized model to enhance the efficiency of the integration of the blockchain technology and IoT.
Does Information Technology Competencies and Fleet Management Practices lead to Effective Service Delivery? Empirical Evidence from E- Commerce Industry
Authors: Mehmood Tariq
Published: December 2021

Competency Model requires knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for fleet and distribution management for ecommerce industry to maintain successful movement of materials between parties within their supply chain to achieve high levels of reliability and cost-efficiency. This research aims to investigate the relationship and impact of information technology competencies and fleet management practices to achieve effective service delivery. A quantitative approach used to examine the model validation. The methodology of this research follow the descriptive correlational design. A real data records used to collect empirical from e-Commerce industry. Results of analysis proved the relationship and impact of information technology competencies and fleet management practices to achieve effective service delivery, as a result of analyzing the data the hypotheses. Some recommendations regarding information technology competencies and its dimensions should be enhanced, also, incorporating the latest innovations to facilitate fleet management.
A 2019 STUDY ON TOTAL AFLATOXINS IN ROMANIAN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) SAMPLES
Authors: Zmeu Irina , Cucu Elena Mirela , Dobre Alina Alexandra , Casian Hellene
Published: December 2021

Mycotoxin contamination represents a clear public health concern. In this context, a maize survey was conducted in Romania, to monitor the occurrence of total aflatoxins in maize samples collected during the 2019 growing season from fields located in all counties. A total of 95 maize samples were collected along with information regarding the specific location of fields, the applied agronomic practices and cropping systems. ELISA method was used for the quantification of AFs. The results showed 88 contaminated samples. Only one sample registered aflatoxin levels higher than the limit of 10.00 μg/kg, settled by the Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 for maize to be subjected to soring or other physical treatment before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs. The highest AFs level was 77.59 μg/kg, noted by a maize sample from Argeș County (the South-Muntenia development region, macro region 3). When referring to the analysed samples, the total aflatoxin contamination was independent of the type of hybrid, but strongly influenced by the pedo-climatic differences between counties. The southern counties proved to represent critical risk areas for aflatoxin contamination when referring to maize crops. These results highlight the importance of an effective and sustainable mycotoxin management along the food and feed chain, as well as the need of mapping the mycotoxin risk areas.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON BEHAVIOR OF APRICOT, PEACH AND PLUM TO MONILINIA SPP. IN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD OF USAMV BUCHAREST
Authors: Gheorghe Alin , Leveanu Ion , Amuza Angela
Published: December 2021

" The stone fruits occupy an important place in the human diet due to their complex chemical
composition such as sugars, free organic acids, pectic substances and vitamins. The main damage of economic
importance to the stone fruit species is caused by the monilia disease caused by the fungus Monilia laxa
(Aderhold et Ruhland). The disease can affect several host tissues these include blossom blight, shoot blight,
fruit blight and brown fruit rot. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the attack produced by the pathogen
on peach, apricot and plum from the first decade of May until the second decade of August in Experimental
Field of Horticulture Faculty, USAMV Bucharest in 2019. Results showed that plums had the highest attack rate
(14%) and the lowest was in apricots (0.8%). It should be noted that monilia disease is a major threat for stone
fruit trees because of its aggressive manifestation on the fruit, especially in plums and peaches."
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENTOMOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS WITH POTENTIAL AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS - minireview
Authors: Fătu Ana-Cristina , Lumînare Cristina-Maria , Cojocaru Daniel , Dinu Mihaela-Monica
Published: December 2021

"The entomopathogenic fungi play an important role in suppressing the natural population of insect pests. A number of these microorganisms are developed and commercialized as mycoinsecticides for controlling arthropod pests in agriculture and forestry. A wide range of factors and the interactions between them can affect the persistence and survival of entomopathogenic microorganisms; understanding of these factors is indispensable for the successful use of microbiological control agents, in conditions of economic and ecological efficiency. The influence of some of these factors on fungal development and fate in soil and on plants has been studied by a number of authors for several entomopathogenic hyphomycetes used in biological control programs. The aim of this study was to summarize a few aspects about the abiotic and biotic factors that influence the biological activity of entomopathogenic microorganisms. The following environmental factors are presented: light, temperature and humidity, soil, microorganisms, wind and precipitation. "
The Future Prospect of Digital Marketing in the Malaysian Context
Authors: Kim Man Mandy Mok , Yang Lim Rui
Published: December 2021

Under the globalization trend, digital marketing is part of the digitalization practices in the business world. Many organisations, companies and firms have practised digital marketing in their businesses, to start, explore or expand their markets. Digital marketing enables companies to achieve marketing objectives with digital technologies. In the advanced countries, such as US, UK, Japan, Australia, Singapore, etc., many organizations and industrial practitioners have implemented digital marketing practises that have changed from brick and mortar to online business channels. Like other forms of marketing channels, digital marketing has its benefits and pitfalls. This paper discusses the threats and opportunities, problems and challenges faced when promoting and expanding digital types of business and digital marketing in Malaysia, such as education, government policies, public awareness and users’ data protection. This paper shed some light on the importance and development of digital marketing in the Malaysian context and, the discussion outcomes raise further awareness and attention of companies to implement digital marketing in their business activities.
Agroeconomic Production and Antioxidant Activity of the Hibiscus Cultivated Under Organic Practices and Plant Arrangements
Authors: Aran Heldo D. V. Rosa , Heredia-Zárate Néstor A. , Gonçalves Willian Vieira , Heredia-Vieira Silvia Cristina , Pereira Maiane J. , Soares Jackeline S. , Freitas Kaliana G. de , Cardoso Cláudia Andrea de L. , Vieira Maria do Carmo
Published: December 2021

In order to obtain better productivity and a good level of secondary metabolites for cultivating plants with organic residues, it is necessary to define the method of application and the best combination considering plant density. Our objective was to study the influence of the plant arrangement and methods of application of poultry manure in the soil over agroeconomic performance and the antioxidant activity of the hibiscus. Treatments in the field consisted of two plant arrangements (single or double rows, both with 0.50 meters between plants) and four methods of application of poultry manure to the soil [incorporating (10 t ha-1), mulching (10 t ha-1), mulching (5 t ha-1) + incorporating (5 t ha-1) and a control—no poultry manure] and, in the laboratory, antioxidant activity in relation to the treatments in the field and preparation methods (maceration or infusion). Treatments were arranged in randomized blocks of 2 × 4 with four replicates. The greatest production of dried calyx (0.68 t ha-1) and of capsules (1.32 t ha-1), the greatest number of fruits (2.10 million ha-1) and the greatest net income (R$ 36,115.42) resulted of plants cultivated in single rows with the poultry manure covering the crops. The antioxidant activity of the hibiscus calyces showed no variation in relation with field treatments or with the method of preparation. Cultivation in single rows covered with poultry manure is adequate for the hibiscus plant.
During the pandemic, children are (not) bored! The “creative boredom” at “Navigo” Author's Primary School in Poznań
Authors: Adamczewski Jakub , Nymś-Górna Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

The article refers to the difficult situation of school, and above all of children, in the context of the ongoing pandemic. The aim of this article was to present the possibilities of organizing time for children, based on the example of activities undertaken by one of the primary schools (the “Creative boredom” programme). The specific activities of children were analysed. Based on own observations and conversations with children and teachers, a map of activities that reflects creative boredom was created. The analyses show that creative boredom is extremely important in the context of developing a child’s potential. It was also noticed that during the current changes related to the pandemic situation, the school has an additional obligation related to the increased building and nurturing of the student-teacher relationship, which allows the child not only to meet the needs, but also to develop.
The concept of “adult-child communication” in the perspective of future female educators and teachers
Authors: Kuszak Kinga
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article tackles the issue of defining the concept of “adult-child communication” from the point of view of female students of pedagogy, future teachers and educators. The introduction explains the issue of symbolic representation of real and imagined objects, events, and situations by means of concepts and their definitions. The next part of the article describes the results of a study carried out in the group of 255 female students, who were asked to define the concept of “adult-child communication”. The study yielded a description of the concepts used to describe the defined concept and the signs of evaluation contained in the definitions. The final part of the article identifies and outlines four categories of the “adult-child communication” concept and discusses three types of definitions created by the respondents. The following types were distinguished: definitions similar to professional ones in terms of content and form, common definitions regarding the child-adult relationship with elements of professional vocabulary, common definitions and puerile definitions.
Schriften zur Politik
Authors: Harich Wolfgang , Heyer Andreas
Published: December 2021

Throughout his life, Wolfgang Harich tried to make a political impact. He was repeatedly arrested: by the Nazis, in West Berlin, in the GDR and in united Germany - this was the price he paid for his convictions. His estate contains a large number of unknown manuscripts on the sphere of the political: From the 1968 movement to German unity, from the struggle against Adenauer to the fight for a peaceful Germany.
COVID-19 and the Mental Health of Frontline Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study in Southwestern Iran
Authors: Bahramnejad Ali , Ahmadi Alireza , Narimani Moghadam Touba , Zarei Zahra , Fatahi-Asl Jaffar , Yadegarfar Ghasem
Published: December 2021

Background: Nurses, as frontline health workers, are exposed to the risks of adverse mental health outcomes due to their direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the mental health of frontline nurses in Behbahan, southwestern Iran. Methods: In this web-based cross-sectional study, data from 173 frontline nurses were collected in 3 COVID-19 referral hospitals in Behbahan, southwestern Iran. This study included demographic information and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the variables affecting mental health. Results: The present study included 173 frontline nurses (nurses and nurse assistants), 71.7% of whom were female and 28.3% of whom were male. Further, 76.3% of frontline nurses were suspected of poor mental health, and 23.7% were mentally healthy. The results of the multivariable logistic regression model showed that female participants had poorer mental health than men (odds ratio [OR], 2.51; 95% CI, 1.16 - 5.41; P = 0.01). The mental health of nurses with a history of COVID-19 infection was poorer than that of nurses without a history of COVID-19 infection (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.42 - 7.53; P = 0.006). Conclusions: The findings of our study showed that female nurses with a history of COVID-19 were more at risk for poor mental health. These groups need more attention and support in epidemics.
On Veritism. Pritchard’s Defense
Authors: Sosa Ernest ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

This time Pritchard is on a rescue mission. Veritism is besieged and he rises to defend it. I do agree with much in his Veritism, but I demur when he adds: “So, the goodness of all epistemic goods is understood instrumentally with regard to whether they promote truth”. If Big Brother brainwashes us to believe the full contents of The Encyclopedia Britannica, then even if we suppose those contents to be true without exception, that would not make what they do an unalloyed good thing, not even epistemically. But it does seem to promote truth. What might then diminish Big Brother’s action so much, so as to make it so deplorable epistemically after all, despite how powerfully it does instrumentally promote truth. At a minimum we need to say more about the relations between epistemic goods and truth, so as to better understand how it is that the epistemic good is made so good by what specific relation to the truth. I lay out a way to understand Veritism so that it can say more about the relations between epistemic goods and truth, thus enhancing our understanding of epistemic normativity. And in a second part I lay out a solution to Linda Zagzebski’s Swamping problem for reliabilism. I argue that it is a problem for process reliabilism, but not for a virtue epistemology that accepts a kind of reliabilism, but in an agential telic framework, and not in a process framework. So, I lay out one way to be a “veritist”, by defending explicitly its Axiological side, and by implication its Conceptual side as well. I have raised questions for Pritchard’s own defense and have offered in each case an alternative defense that I believe fits the words of his formulations, and is in their spirit as well.
Wisdom, not Veritism
Authors: Ryan Shane ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

In this response to Pritchard’s “In Defence of Veritism”, I defend the view that it is wisdom rather than truth that is fundamental in epistemology. Given that recent philosophical discussions of the nature of wisdom may be unfamiliar to some epistemologists, a brief overview of these discussions is provided and that which is relevant for the subsequent discussion in this piece is highlighted. I explain that scholars working on the topic tend to accept that wisdom comprises at least one familiar epistemic standing and that, unlike other epistemic goods, wisdom is thought to be tied to a narrowly specified content. I clarify the philosophical question to which veritism is the proposed answer and clarify the different senses of fundamental in play in that question. As Pritchard points out, fundamentality in epistemology concern both conceptual and axiological claims. Next, I explicate Pritchard’s veritism, his defence of the claim that truth is fundamental in epistemology, explaining the case made for it’s superiority over the considered alternatives. One alternative I consider is that there is no fundamental good in epistemology, either conceptually or axiologically. I examine whether Pritchard can reject truth equality successfully while maintaining his monism with regard to what he takes to be epistemically fundamental. Indeed, while Pritchard’s appeal to the intellectually virtuous inquirer here seems appropriate, his view that this ultimately provides support to his truth monism is less convincing for reasons that will be explored. I follow up this discussion by arguing that an appeal to the intellectually virtuous agent better lends support to wisdom as epistemically fundamental, rather than Pritchard’s veritism. I make the point that Pritchard’s claim that the intellectually virtuous agent loves the truth is plausible but I question whether it’s also plausible that the love of the intellectually virtuous agent stops at the truth. Rather, I claim that such an agent ultimately loves wisdom. In fact, wisdom seems likely to be the highest good prized by the intellectually virtuous agent – the good that they strive to attain or become better with regard to across a lifetime. In support of this claim, I point out that wisdom is the most prized of all epistemic goods.
Contextualism and the Problem of Knowledge Ascription
Authors: Vostrikova Ekaterina V. , Kusliy Petr S. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The paper explores the contextualist approach towards the semantics of knowledge ascriptions. The authors discuss the relevance of these studies in semantics for the major issues in virtue epistemology. It is argued that despite the advantages that contextualism has over its alternatives (in particular, relativism and subject sensitive invariablisism), it still requires a more elaborated compositional semantics that it currently has. We review several concrete contextualsit proposals to the semantics of the verb know in light of their applicability to the well-known type of examples known as the fake barn example, point out some of their particular shortcomings, and propose a revision, which represents a variant of D. Lewis’s general approach to the semantics of know.
“Vicious Minds”
Authors: Filatova Asya A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Virtue Epistemology (VE) offers a specific approach to the problem of knowledge. The condition for the possibility of knowledge is the presence of certain intellectual abilities or traits in the subject – epistemic virtues. The task of VE is to compile a list of epis - temic virtues, the development and cultivation of which should lead individuals to epistemic success with a high degree of probability. The vice epistemology arises as a branch of VE, which focuses not on virtues, but on vices that hinder achievement and deserve censure. Vices can be attributed to both individuals and communities. As a rule, those who tend to question the scientific consensus are considered to be vicious knowing communities: conspiracy theorists, denialists, religious fundamentalists, etc. The article argues that the logic of imputing blame for bad epistemic traits used in vice epistemology tends to turn from an epistemological tool into an ideological and political one. Since in the logic of the vice epistemology, "vicious minds" pose a threat not only to themselves, but also to the health of modern democratic societies, the eradication of vices is a primary political task. Using the theoretical framework of S. Fuller's social epistemology, the author shows how the rhetoric of vice epistemology is used today in the fight against anti-intellectualism and epistemic populism.
Gandhi’s Metaphysics as Encountering the 'Unreasonable'
Authors: Allen Michael ,   Society for Indian Philosophy and Religion
Published: December 2021

In this article, I reconsider Gandhi's relationship to liberal democracy. I argue that a properly Gandhian approach to this relationship should emphasize the role of the satyagrahi facilitating conflict resolutions and progress in truth. Above all, this approach calls upon courageous, exemplary individuals to pass over and join the viewpoints of 'unreasonables' marginalized by the liberal state. However, I also argue that contemporary Gandhians should explore cultural adaptations of the satyagrahi-role appropriate to highly materialistic, multicultural liberal-democracies. In these societies, the traditional figure of the ascetic or saint may lack popular cultural resonance. Moreover, moral learning and spiritual insight often derives from popular culture and entertainment as much as religious traditions, or devotional practices. Contemporary Gandhi’s scholars should thus consider the prospects for 'alternative satyagrahis' embracing some materialist values and cultural motifs, as appropriate sources spiritual growth and soul-force.
Antecedents and consequences of system justification among Iranian migrants in Western Europe
Authors: van Bezouw Maarten Johannes , van der Toorn Jojanneke , Honari Ali , Rijken Arieke J.
Published: December 2021

Seeing the sociopolitical system as fair and legitimate is important for people’s participation in civic duties, political action, and the functioning of society in general. However, little is known about when migrants, without life-long socialization in a certain system, justify the sociopolitical system of their host country and how system justification influences their political participation. We examined antecedents of system justification using a survey among Iranian migrants in eight European countries (N = 935). Subsequently, we examined the relationship between system justification and political participation intentions. We found that system justification beliefs are generally high in our sample, mainly stemming from an assessment of opportunity to achieve changes in intergroup relations. Stronger social identity threat, feeling disadvantaged, a longer residence in Europe, and perceived intergroup stability all relate to less system justification. Conversely, stronger efficacy beliefs bolster system justification. Furthermore, we found some support for a curvilinear relationship between system justification and political participation intentions, but the size of this effect is small. The results show that the high levels of system justification of Iranian migrants are at risk when discrimination and disadvantage are perceived to be stable facets of society. Surprisingly, political participation to better Iranian migrants’ societal position is barely affected by system justification. We discuss implications and further research that can increase understanding of system justification among migrants.
Developing cyber-resilient systems :
Authors: Ross Ron , Pillitteri Victoria , Graubart Richard , Bodeau Deborah , McQuaid Rosalie
Published: December 2021

NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-160, Volume 2, Revision 1, focuses on cyber resiliency engineering an emerging specialty systems engineering discipline applied in conjunction with systems security engineering and resilience engineering to develop survivable, trustworthy secure systems. Cyber resiliency engineering intends to architect, design, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain the trustworthiness of systems with the capability to anticipate, withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, attacks, or compromises that use or are enabled by cyber resources. From a risk management perspective, cyber resiliency is intended to help reduce the mission, business, organizational, enterprise or sector risk of depending on cyber resources. This publication can be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, Systems and software engineering Systems life cycle processes, NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-160, Volume 1, Systems Security Engineering Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems, NIST SP 800-37, Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy; and NIST SP 800-53, Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations. It can be viewed as a handbook for achieving the identified cyber resiliency outcomes based on a systems engineering perspective on system life cycle and risk management processes, allowing the experience and expertise of the implementing organization to help determine how the content will be used for its purpose. Organizations can select, adapt, and use some or all of the cyber resiliency constructs (i.e., goals, objectives, techniques, approaches, and design principles) described in this publication and apply the constructs to the technical, operational, and threat environments for which systems need to be engineered.
MØDER MED ERICA
Authors: Hoeck Kristian
Published: December 2021

Denne artikel handler om menneske-robot-mødet. Det konkrete møde mellem den semiautonome kommunikationsandroide Erica og hendes forskellige samtalepartnere samt mødet som den kommunikative form, der definerer robot-menneske-relationen. Mit grundlæggende spørgsmål er: Hvad definerer en relation,når den kalibreres i mødet mellem et menneske og en robot? Gennem artiklen viser jeg, hvordan researcherne tester, kortlægger og implementerer kulturelt medierede udtryk på menneskelig adfærd til robot-menneske-mødet. Her fokuserer jeg på, hvordan relationens kvaliteter, struktur og iboende egenskaber defineres gennem dette arbejde. Både mennesket og robotter behandles som kommunikationssystemer, der skal finde en fælles kommunikativ form, som kan struktureres til robottens algoritmiske forståelse og samtidig udtrykkes gennem mere eller mindre stabile og afkodelige udtryk for menneskeligt samvær. Selve relationen, foreslår jeg, kan i robot-menneske-mødet forstås som en semiotisk form, hvis egenskaber kommer til udtryk i det kommunikative forhold formen muliggør. Mit postulat gennem artiklen bliver, at i robotforskernes iscenesættelse bliver selve relationen rekalibreret som en form, der kan afstemmes til både et algoritmisk kodet og et kulturelt medieret adfærdsmønster. I processen, foreslår jeg til slut, bliver både robotten og mennesket standardiseret til en teknokulturel kalibrering af menneskelig adfærd.

Søgeord: humanoide robotter, semiotik, form, relationalitet, teknovidenskab, standardisering
"Det vilde atlas" og dets transformerende imperie
Authors: Thygaard-Nielsen Trine My
Published: December 2021

Rejsebeskrivelser fra Feral Atlas: "Det vilde atlas" og dets transformerende imperie
Gertrudis Payás & Fabien Le Bonniec (eds): Intercultural Studies from Southern Chile. Theoretical and Empirical Approaches
Authors: Albertsen Torben
Published: December 2021

Gertrudis Payás & Fabien Le Bonniec (eds): Intercultural Studies from Southern Chile. Theoretical and Empirical Approaches. 

Anmeldes af Torben Albertsen
The 27-Item Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Questionnaire: A New Brief Measure Including Treatment Burden and Work Life
Authors: Beckmann Helen , Heesen Christoph , Augustin Matthias , Blome Christine
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Treatment- and work-related aspects have been neglected in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to develop a brief instrument covering all important impairment-, activity-, participation-, and treatment-related aspects for use in research and practice.

METHODS

The 27-item Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (MS-QLQ27) was developed using open item collection, a multidisciplinary expert panel, and cognitive pretesting. It was evaluated for reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness in 100 patients presenting with relapse (84 at follow-up ~14 days later). Construct validity was analyzed by correlating the MS-QLQ27 with the disease-specific Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire in MS (HAQUAMS) and generic HRQOL instruments. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to analyze known-groups validity. Responsiveness was determined as the correlation of changes in MS-QLQ27 scores with changes in validation criteria.

RESULTS

Internal consistency was high (Cronbach α = 0.94 at baseline and 0.93 at follow-up). Convergent validity was supported by direction and magnitude of associations with disease-specific and generic instruments. Correlations with change in convergent criteria were strong, indicating responsiveness. The HAQUAMS showed the strongest associations with the MS-QLQ27. The MS-QLQ27 showed the highest effect size compared with other patient-reported outcomes and the EDSS. It successfully distinguished between levels of disease severity.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that the MS-QLQ27 is a reliable, valid, and highly responsive instrument for assessing HRQOL during relapse evolution in MS. Its advantages are that it is brief yet comprehensive, covering work- and treatment-related aspects not addressed in previous measures.
TESTING THE EFFECT OF AGGRESSIVE BEVERAGE ON THE DAMAGE OF ENAMEL STRUCTURE
Authors: Mirjanić Đorđe , Mirjanić Vladan , Vojinović Jovan
Published: December 2021

Examining the enamel surface with the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) enables more precise registering and defining of the changes of enamel surface structure and of microhardness. This method can be used to compare the efficiency of application of different preventive and therapy materials and medicaments in dentistry. Under the influence of coca cola, a change of crystal structure and nanomorphology on enamel surface occurs. The trial was conducted on a total of 40 extracted teeth which were divided into two groups treated with the solution of coca cola during 5 minutes, and then prepared and tested with a standard AFM procedure, type SPM-5200. Quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the roughness parameters (Ra) of treated and non-treated sample.
APPLICATION OF SOLAR CELLS IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Cekić Nikola , Milosavljević Dragana , Pavlović Tomislav , Mirjanić Dragoljub
Published: December 2021

The paper outlines the basic information on photovoltaic conversion of solar radiation on solar cells made of different materials (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous silicon, etc.), as well as on building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV). Moreover, examples of the use of solar cells in contemporary architecture worldwide, Serbia and the Republic of Srpska are given. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the solar cells are increasingly used as façade elements and a source of electrical energy in the building sector. In future cities solar cells and BIPV systems will play evermore an increasingly significant role in façade forming and electrical energy generation in the residential and other types of objects.
ANALYSYS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL WIND TURBINES DARRIEUS AND OPTIONS FOR THEIR INTEGRATION IN BUILDINGS
Authors: Koeva Dimitrina , Kutkarska Ralena , Valchev Kristiyan , Rachev Svilen
Published: December 2021

Given the environmental and energy saving effect of the use of small wind turbines in urban environments, scientists, architects, manufacturers, investors and government institutions have joined forces for more extensive studies. The paper deals with research work of the optimized design of Darrieus turbine with 1 kW rated power in a particular climate. For purposes of the study a universal algorithm implemented with code in C++ has been developed. Thus it is possible to determine the turbine power developed and its efficiency in climate change factors air temperature, speed and intensity of the wind. The monitoring data cover a period of six months (a total of 18 533 measurements) for specific climatic region.
STUDY OF THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES UNDER REAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: Tsankov Plamen
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of study of the temperature coefficients of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules under real operating conditions in 10 kWp roof installed grid connected photovoltaic power plant in Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria. Computer processing and rearranging of the monitoring data are carried out to separate the measurements into groups of approximately equal amounts of solar radiation. Graphical representation of the power, voltage and current as a function of the temperature at same level of solar radiation for the two types of modules are given. Change of power, voltage and current as a function of the temperature were obtained using linear regression functions. Operating temperature coefficients of amorphous and polycrystalline photovoltaic modules based on analytic functions have been established and compared with the nominal. Analyzes and conclusions of the research were made.
NANO INSULATION MATERIALS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
Authors: Božić Jelena
Published: December 2021

The advanced thermal insulation materials and solutions for improved thermal resistance have been receiving an ever increasing attention due to their significance for sustainable building. Reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions by development and deployment of sustainable construction technologies, systems and materials in new and existing buildings will be key to addressing the challenge of a transition to nearly zero-energy buildings in Europe by 2020. Nanotechnology promises to make thermal insulation more efficient, less reliant on non-renewable resources as an important strategy on the pathway to green buildings. The application of nano insulation materials to limit the wall thickness is one of the greatest potential energy-saving characteristics for the existing buildings, as well as for the architectural heritage. This paper examines the potential advantages of using nanotechnology-based high-performance thermal insulation materials in reducing the life cycle energy, reduction of material usage and enhancing the life span of buildings.
CURRENT STATE OF THE RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY USE IN SERBIA
Authors: Milosavljević Dragana , Pavlovic Tomislav , Mirjanić Dragoljub , Piršl Danica
Published: December 2021

This paper reviews the current state of the renewable energy use in Serbia. Further on, the paper describes energy potential and gives examples of the use of solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, biomass and biogas in Serbia. Extensive body of information is given about support systems and measures of incentives for the investment in the construction and sale of electricity from plants using renewable energy sources. In conclusion, achieved results of the use of renewable energy sources in Serbia and the incentives for their use are presented.
Challenges for assessing replicability in preclinical cancer biology
Authors: Errington Timothy M , Denis Alexandria , Perfito Nicole , Iorns Elizabeth , Nosek Brian A
Published: December 2021

We conducted the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology to investigate the replicability of preclinical research in cancer biology. The initial aim of the project was to repeat 193 experiments from 53 high-impact papers, using an approach in which the experimental protocols and plans for data analysis had to be peer reviewed and accepted for publication before experimental work could begin. However, the various barriers and challenges we encountered while designing and conducting the experiments meant that we were only able to repeat 50 experiments from 23 papers. Here we report these barriers and challenges. First, many original papers failed to report key descriptive and inferential statistics: the data needed to compute effect sizes and conduct power analyses was publicly accessible for just 4 of 193 experiments. Moreover, despite contacting the authors of the original papers, we were unable to obtain these data for 68% of the experiments. Second, none of the 193 experiments were described in sufficient detail in the original paper to enable us to design protocols to repeat the experiments, so we had to seek clarifications from the original authors. While authors were extremely or very helpful for 41% of experiments, they were minimally helpful for 9% of experiments, and not at all helpful (or did not respond to us) for 32% of experiments. Third, once experimental work started, 67% of the peer-reviewed protocols required modifications to complete the research and just 41% of those modifications could be implemented. Cumulatively, these three factors limited the number of experiments that could be repeated. This experience draws attention to a basic and fundamental concern about replication – it is hard to assess whether reported findings are credible.
Mechanisms underlying microglial colonization of developing neural retina in zebrafish
Authors: Ranawat Nishtha , Masai Ichiro
Published: December 2021

Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that function as the first line of defense in brain. Embryonic microglial precursors originate in peripheral mesoderm and migrate into the brain during development. However, the mechanism by which they colonize the brain is incompletely understood. The retina is one of the first brain regions to accommodate microglia. In zebrafish, embryonic microglial precursors use intraocular hyaloid blood vessels as a pathway to migrate into the optic cup via the choroid fissure. Once retinal progenitor cells exit the cell cycle, microglial precursors associated with hyaloid blood vessels start to infiltrate the retina preferentially through neurogenic regions, suggesting that colonization of retinal tissue depends upon the neurogenic state. Along with blood vessels and retinal neurogenesis, IL34 also participates in microglial precursor colonization of the retina. Altogether, CSF receptor signaling, blood vessels, and neuronal differentiation function as cues to create an essential path for microglial migration into developing retina.
Experiments from unfinished Registered Reports in the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Authors: Errington Timothy M , Denis Alexandria , Allison Anne B , Araiza Renee , Aza-Blanc Pedro , Bower Lynette R , Campos Jessica , Chu Heidi , Denson Sarah , Donham Cristine , Harr Kaitlyn , Haven Babette , Iorns Elizabeth , Kwok Jennie , McDonald Elysia , Pelech Steven , Perfito Nicole , Pike Amanda , Sampey Darryl , Settles Michael , Scott David A , Sharma Vidhu , Tolentino Todd , Trinh Angela , Tsui Rachel , Willis Brandon , Wood Joshua , Young Lisa
Published: December 2021

As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, we published Registered Reports that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from 29 high-impact preclinical cancer biology papers published between 2010 and 2012. Replication experiments were completed and Replication Studies reporting the results were submitted for 18 papers, of which 17 were accepted and published by eLife with the rejected paper posted as a preprint. Here, we report the status and outcomes obtained for the remaining 11 papers. Four papers initiated experimental work but were stopped without any experimental outcomes. Two papers resulted in incomplete outcomes due to unanticipated challenges when conducting the experiments. For the remaining five papers only some of the experiments were completed with the other experiments incomplete due to mundane technical or unanticipated methodological challenges. The experiments from these papers, along with the other experiments attempted as part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, provides evidence about the challenges of repeating preclinical cancer biology experiments and the replicability of the completed experiments.
What have we learned?
Authors: Rodgers Peter , Collings Andy
Published: December 2021

As the final outputs of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology are published, it is clear that preclinical research in cancer biology is not as reproducible as it should be.