bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant–Pathogen Molecular Dialogue: Evolution, Mechanisms and Agricultural Implementation
Authors: Khavkin E. E.
Published: March 2021

Plant diseases persistently challenge sustainable crop production worldwide. The most economical and eco-friendly way to effectively deal with this problem is to breed new cultivars with stable and durable resistance. Current progress towards this goal has been reinforced by considerable advancements in the molecular studies of pathogens and host plants. These advancements have greatly benefited from recently developed methods to research into gene structure and activity, especially the “omics” technologies. These steps forward are vividly represented by the case of late blight, which is economically the most important disease of potato and tomato (Solanum L.). Late blight became a popular model of multidimensional plant-microbe interactions, and newly obtained molecular evidence has considerably reshaped both our vision of plant–pathogen molecular dialogue and our approach to mitigating this disease. Drawing on recent publications, this review will focus on genome of the causal agent of disease, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and its already characterized genes of virulence, with particular emphasis on their evolution, which underlines the exceptional genetic and phenotypic plasticity of this pathogen. Specially highlighted is the diversity of the immediate tools of virulence—effectors, which interact with potato target molecules, alter host physiology and facilitate plant colonization. Turning to plant defense barriers, the reviewer elaborates on the polymorphism and evolution of Solanum genes providing for plant resistance to P. infestans. The repertoire of P. infestans virulence genes in agrocenoses and the diversity of resistance genes in potato wild relatives are explored as regards the agriculture-oriented implementation of new molecular knowledge. The multifaceted approach to late blight combines the search for new resistance genes in genetic collections, the characterization of their function and stacking these genes in potato cultivars in order to breed new donors of long-lasting and durable resistance together with express assessment of pathogen virulence genes.
Accuracy of ICD-10-CM coding for physical child abuse in a paediatric level I trauma centre
Authors: Hughes Garza Holly , Piper Karen E , Barczyk Amanda N , Pérez Adriana , Lawson Karla A
Published: March 2021

This retrospective study examined the accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) coding for physical child abuse among patients less than 18 years of age who were evaluated due to concern for physical abuse by a multidisciplinary child protection team (MCPT) during 2016–2017 (N=312) in a paediatric level I trauma centre. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic OR for ICD-10-CM coding were calculated and stratified by admission status, using as a reference standard the abuse determination of the MCPT recorded in a hospital registry. Among inpatients, child physical abuse coding sensitivity was 55.6% (95% CI 41.4% to 69.1%) and specificity was 78.6% (95% CI 59.0% to 91.7%), with diagnostic OR of 4.58 (95% CI 1.64 to 12.70). Among outpatients, sensitivity was 22.2% (95% CI 15.5% to 30.2%) and specificity was 86.3% (95% CI 77.7% to 92.5%), with diagnostic OR of 1.80 (95% CI 0.89 to 3.64). Use of ICD-10-CM coded data sets alone for surveillance may significantly underestimate the occurrence of physical child abuse.
Electrocatalytic Activity of Au Supported on Carbon Black‒4A Zeolite for Propane-1,2-Diol Oxidation
Authors: Lei Shuangshuang , Xu Mengmeng , Dong Rulin , Jin Changchun
Published: March 2021

The electrocatalytic activity of the Au nanoparticles loaded on carbon black‒4A zeolite support (denoted as the Au/C‒4A-Z) for propane-1,2-diol oxidation has been investigated. Characterizations show that the C–4A-Z support is less favorable than carbon black but is more favorable than 4A zeolite for the dispersion of Au nanoparticles. The Au/C‒4A-Z catalysts, in a wide range of the C/4A-Z mass ratios, show higher activity and stability than Au/C and Au/4A-Z for propane-1,2-diol oxidation in alkaline solution. For instance, Au/C‒4A-Z with a C/4A-Z mass ratio of 2:1 shows a little more negative oxidation potential and about 1.8 and 2.5 times higher peak current density than Au/C and Au/4A-Z, respectively. The results indicate that the carbon black‒4A zeolite supports are very efficient for enhancing the catalytic activity of the Au nanoparticles loaded on them and further suggests promising applications of zeolites as support materials for electrocatalysts to achieve high activity.
Research on the Coal Seam Permeability-Increasing Technology via High-Pressure Water Jet Reaming and Its Application
Authors: Niu Xingang , Shi Biming , Zhang Zhigang , Zhang Yongjiang
Published: March 2021

Aiming at the problem of coal and gas outburst prevention and control in serious outburst dangerous coal seam under complex geological conditions in Qidong Coal Mine, the water jet drilling and expanding integrated device was used to implement the measures that expand holes and increase permeability by high-pressure water at a 912 working face. The experimental results show that when the pump pressure is between 13 MPa and 15 MPa, the particle size of pulverized coal can be effectively reduced and the discharge of pulverized coal can be increased. The coal output of a single hole is 0.8~2.3 t/m, with an average of 1.1 m/t. The unreamed conventional borehole has a single-hole initial gas drainage rate of 50.74 m3/d and a single-hole cumulative gas drainage rate of 736.12 m3 within 30 days. The initial single-hole gas drainage volume of the reaming borehole is 178.74 m3/d, and the cumulative single-hole gas drainage volume in 30 days is 2227.57 m3. After reaming, the initial gas drainage scalar of a single hole increases 3.52 times of the original unreamed conventional drilling and the average cumulative gas drainage scalar of a single hole reaches 3.03 times of the original unreamed conventional drilling. This technology and equipment have a good promotion and application value in gas treatment of soft, low-permeable coal seams.
Changing Characteristics of Sandstone Pore Size under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Kan Jiaguang , Li Guichen , Zhang Nong , Wang Peng , Han Changliang , Wang Shun
Published: March 2021

The size and distribution of pores in rocks are closely related to their physical and mechanical properties. It is important to study the structure and distribution of pore size inside the rock to assess the risk of damage to a given rock volume. These characteristics were studied under different pressures, pore diameters, and pore throat size distribution laws using a UTM5540 electronic universal testing machine, magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and low field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cyclic loading on yellow sandstone. We found the following. (1) Under 0–10 MPa load, the peaks of the sandstone

T

2

spectrum move left as load increases, and the porosity of the sandstone decreases. The peak area of the middle relaxation spectrum increases as pressure increases from 10 to 20 MPa, and a peak for the long relaxation time spectrum appears. (2) Under 0–10 MPa load, the spectral peak associated with a large pore moves left and decreases in area as pressure increases. Under 10–20 MPa load, the large-pore spectral peak moves right and increases in area as pressure increases. (3) Under the applied 0–10 MPa load, the porosity of water-saturated sandstone gradually decreases, and the sandstone NMR images darken with increasing load. The porosity of saturated sandstone gradually increases under 10–20 MPa pressure, and its NMR image brightens. (4) The number of small pore throats increases with increasing load, but the number of large- and medium-sized pore throats decreases. From 0 to 15 MPa, crack (>1 micron) abundance decreases, and fractures are generated by compaction under a 20 MPa load. The pore interconnectivity is enhanced, as are the number and size of pores in the sandstone. With continuing increasing pressure, the numbers of pores and penetration of cracks increase, which damages the sandstone.
Control of Gob‐Side Roadway with Large Mining Height in Inclined Thick Coal Seam: A Case Study
Authors: Fuxing Xie
Published: March 2021

The gob‐side roadway of 130205, a large‐mining‐height working face in the Yangchangwan coal mine, was investigated in terms of the mine pressure law and support technology for large mining heights and narrow coal pillars for mining roadways. The research included field investigations, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests, and other methods. This paper analyzes the form of movement for overlying rock structure in a gob‐side entry with a large mining height and summarizes the stress state and deformation failure characteristics of the surrounding rock. The failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of the gob‐side roadway and controllable engineering factors causing deformation were analyzed. FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to explore the influence law of coal pillar width, working face mining height, and mining intensity on the stability of the surrounding rock of the gob‐side roadway. Ensuring the integrity of the coal pillar, improving the coordination of the system, and using asymmetric support structures as the core support concept are proposed. A reasonably designed support scheme for the gob‐side roadway of the working face for 130205 was conducted, and a desirable engineering effect was obtained through field practice verification.
Catheter-Related Sepsis by Candida pararugosa in an Adult Patient under Chemotherapy Regimen
Authors: Piatti Gabriella , Feltrin Sara , Fellini Emanuela , Barbero Valentina , Ballestrero Alberto
Published: March 2021

Candida pararugosa is present in animals and humans in different organs and biological liquids, usually as a saprophyte. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman diagnosed with de novo stage IV metastatic lobular breast cancer, carrying a central venous catheter (port-a-cath) and bilateral stents for perirenal infiltration by malignancy. During chemotherapy regimen, a febrile episode occurred, along with a high level of serum glucan. The port-a-cath was removed after blood collection for culture, which gave isolation of Candida pararugosa strains. Given high glucan level and the patient’s frailty, empirical treatment with fluconazole was started with load-dose, 800 mg orally, at day 1 and, afterwards, with 400 mg daily for two weeks. The phenotype of susceptibility to antibiotics of the strain demonstrated lower minimal inhibitory concentration to fluconazole than that reported in the literature. The patient remained asymptomatic, and inflammation parameters showed normalization. Unfortunately, three weeks later, meningeal localization of cancer caused rapid deterioration and death.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery via MILS Algorithm Based on Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Yan Quanchun , Yuan Kangkang , Gu Wen , Li Chenlong , Sun Guoqiang , Liu Yanan
Published: March 2021

Accurate state of charge (SOC) is great significant for lithium-ion battery to maximize its performance and prevent it from overcharging or overdischarging. This paper presents an ensemble Kalman filter- (EnKF-) based SOC estimation algorithm for lithium-ion battery. Firstly, the lithium-ion battery is modeled by the first-order RC equivalent circuit, and the multi-innovation least square (MILS) algorithm is used to perform online parameter identification of the model parameters. Then, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is introduced to estimate the state of charge. Finally, two typical experiments including constant current discharge experiment and cycling dynamic stress test are applied to evaluate the performance of the joint algorithm of MILS and EnKF. The experimental results show that the joint algorithm-based ensemble Kalman filter can achieve fast tracking and higher estimation accuracy for lithium-ion battery SOC.
Development of Modified Grouting Material and Its Application in Roadway Repair Engineering
Authors: Yu Yang , Qin Zhengyuan , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Lianying , Chen Dingchao , Zhu Siyu
Published: March 2021

It is very extraordinary for the success of coal mine roadway grouting with the following factors of high early strength, good fluidity, and convenient pumping, but the existing grouting materials make it difficult to achieve the above characteristics at the same time. Therefore, a modified grouting material is developed, which is composed of two kinds of dry materials A and B, which are mixed with water and in equal amounts. The physical and mechanical properties of modified grouting materials under different ratios were tested by laboratory orthogonal test, and the optimal ratio of grouting materials and additives was obtained: (1) the water-cement ratio is 0.8 : 1; (2) base material: the mass ratio of cement, fly ash, bentonite, and water is 1 : 0.3 : 0.1 : 1.44; (3) admixture: the mass ratio of water reducer C, accelerator D, and retarder E is 1.5% : 0.05% : 0.3%. The basic properties of the modified grouting materials were studied from the aspects of slurry flow state, diffusion range, and grouting parameters by using the numerical simulation method, and the reinforcement mechanism of slurry to the broken surrounding rock properties of the roadway was revealed: (1) the grouting pressure is the main factor affecting the slurry diffusion radius; (2) the mechanical properties of the roadway surrounding rock are improved, the plastic zone and deformation of surrounding rock are reduced, and the active support function of the anchor and cable is enhanced through grouting reinforcement; (3) the control effect of the roadway is improved, and the balanced bearing with anchorage structure of the roadway surrounding rock is realized through grouting reinforcement. On this basis, the modified grouting material is applied to roadway repair and reinforcement engineering practice. The field monitoring data show that the production practices were guided by roadway repair and reinforcement technology with the modified grouting material, as the core of the roadway surrounding rock control effect is good, and the modified grouting material has a wide range of application prospects.
Modest Impact of Liver Transplantation on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mortality in the United States, Findings from The Transplant Cancer Match (TCM) Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: March 2021

Liver transplantation is considered the most curative treatment for patients with localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent organ allocation policies have reduced the priority of patients with HCC for liver transplantation, which might affect overall liver transplantation usage and HCC-specific mortality among patients with HCC. Therefore, studies on the impact of liver transplantation on population-level HCC-specific mortality rates are necessary and essential. Mahale and colleagues used comprehensive, linked population databases on both HCC cancer cases and liver transplantation recipients and applied incidence-based mortality (IBM) analysis to evaluate the overall impact of liver transplantation on HCC mortality in the United States. Although liver transplantation rates continue to rise in the United States, the authors showed that liver transplantation has had modest impact over time on HCC-specific mortality at the population level (liver transplantation was associated with a 0.5% reduction in the annual rate of increase in the IBM rate vs. nontransplant). Considering these findings, HCC screening and surveillance for early detection should be a priority, meanwhile, increased availability of liver transplantation for patients with HCC and other HCC curative-intent treatment modalities are also necessary to improve HCC survival. Moreover, HCC risk factors, viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevention and treatment should also be incorporated in future HCC mortality research.

See related article by Mahale et al., p. 513
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Antihypertensive Medications Explain Variation in Pharmacy Refill and Self‐Reported Adherence Beyond Traditional Risk Factors: Potential Novel Mechanism Underlying Adherence
Authors: Craig Leslie S. , Peacock Erin , Mohundro Brice L. , Silver Julia H. , Marsh James , Johnson Taylor C. , Kelly P. Adam , Bazzano Lydia A. , Cunningham Michael , Petty Richard E. , Krousel‐Wood Marie
Published: March 2021

Background

In pursuit of novel mechanisms underlying persistent low medication adherence rates, we assessed contributions of implicit and explicit attitudes, beyond traditional risk factors, in explaining variation in objective and subjective antihypertensive medication adherence.

Methods and Results

Implicit and explicit attitudes were assessed using the difference scores from the computer‐based Single Category Implicit Association Test and the
Necessity and Concerns
subscales of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, respectively. Antihypertensive medication adherence was measured using pharmacy refill proportion of days covered (PDC: mean PDC, low PDC <0.8) and the self‐report 4‐item Krousel‐Wood Medication Adherence Scale (K‐Wood‐MAS‐4: mean K‐Wood‐MAS‐4, low adherence via K‐Wood‐MAS‐4 ≥1). Hierarchical logistic and linear regression models controlled for traditional risk factors including social determinants of health, explicit, and implicit attitudes in a stepwise fashion. Community‐dwelling insured participants (n=85: 44.7% female; 20.0% Black; mean age, 62.3 years; 43.5% low PDC, and 31.8% low adherence via K‐Wood‐MAS‐4) had mean (SD) explicit and implicit attitude scores of 7.188 (5.683) and 0.035 (0.334), respectively. Low PDC was inversely associated with more positive explicit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98;
P
=0.022) and implicit (aOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.80;
P
=0.029) attitudes, which accounted for an additional 8.6% (
P
=0.016) and 6.5% (
P
=0.029) of variation in low PDC, respectively. Lower mean K‐Wood‐MAS‐4 scores (better adherence) were associated only with more positive explicit attitudes (adjusted β, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.07 to −0.01;
P
=0.026); explicit attitudes explained an additional 5.6% (
P
=0.023) of K‐Wood‐MAS‐4 variance.

Conclusions

Implicit and explicit attitudes explained significantly more variation in medication adherence beyond traditional risk factors, including social determinants of health, and should be explored as potential mechanisms underlying adherence behavior.
Depth-Bounded Statistical PCFG Induction as a Model of Human Grammar Acquisition
Authors: Jin Lifeng , Schwartz Lane , Doshi-Velez Finale , Miller Timothy , Schuler William
Published: March 2021

This article describes a simple PCFG induction model with a fixed category domain that predicts a large majority of attested constituent boundaries, and predicts labels consistent with nearly half of attested constituent labels on a standard evaluation data set of child-directed speech. The article then explores the idea that the difference between simple grammars exhibited by child learners and fully recursive grammars exhibited by adult learners may be an effect of increasing working memory capacity, where the shallow grammars are constrained images of the recursive grammars. An implementation of these memory bounds as limits on center embedding in a depth-specific transform of a recursive grammar yields a significant improvement over an equivalent but unbounded baseline, suggesting that this arrangement may indeed confer a learning advantage.
Lymania involucrata (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil
Authors: SOUZA EVERTON HILO DE , AONA LIDYANNE Y. S. , SOUZA FERNANDA V. D. , LEME ELTON M. C.
Published: March 2021

The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate Lymania involucrata, a new ornamental species from the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Igrapiúna, Bahia, Brazil, here considered a critically endangered species. The new species is morphologically related to L. brachycaulis but clearly diffe According to Sousa rs from it by the well-developed, involucral primary bracts and the distinct shape and size of inflorescence, primary branches, and flowers. A map of the distribution of the species and taxonomic comments are presented.
A Tale of Two Countries: The Sociopolitical Integration of Latino Immigrants in Spain and in the United States
Authors: Pérez-Nievas Santiago , Cordero Guillermo , Mallet-García Marie L.
Published: March 2021

This special issue addresses the need for cross-national analyses on immigrant integration. The articles in this issue examine the integration processes of Latino immigrants in the United States and in Spain in several aspects—socioeconomic, legal, educational, and political—and through varied methods—quantitative as well as qualitative—contributing to the literature in several ways. By focusing on the same ethnic group across different contexts, it provides a thorough comparison of the mechanisms at play in their integration processes. It emphasizes the context-specific and culture-specific elements that most affect immigrants’ integration. This special issue gathers nine articles that offer complementary perspectives on the integration of Latino immigrants in Spain and the United States.
Portal vein thrombosis in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhotic patients: Prevalence and clinical characteristics in an Egyptian cohort
Authors: Alhaddad Omkolsoum , Elsabaawy Maha , Elshaaraawy Omar , Elhalawany Mohamed , Houseni Mohamed Mohamed , Abdelsameea Eman
Published: March 2021

Portal vein thrombosis is a catastrophe not uncommonly complicating hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis. To estimate its prevalence and clinical characteristics, we investigated 1000 cirrhotic patients by abdominal ultrasound or Doppler study at least. Portal vein thrombosis was found in 21.6%, of whom 157 (72.7%) had malignancy. Complete portal vein thrombosis was found in 70.4%. Half of all these patients had at least one episode of portal hypertensive bleeding, a third had abdominal pain and a quarter presented with jaundice. Portal bilopathy was diagnosed in two cases (0.9%). There was significant association between severity of liver disease, ascites, male gender and site of segmental focal lesion and portal vein thrombosis.
Cardiopulmonary bypass in a child with severe Factor XII deficiency
Authors: Shrimpton Nicole , Patukale Aditya , Rane Mark , Barbaro Pasquale , Alphonso Nelson , Venugopal Prem
Published: March 2021

Factor XII (FXII) deficiency presents as a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) but is not associated with clinically significant bleeding. Activated clotting time (ACT) is used routinely to monitor anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The coagulation activator reagents in most ACT tests are dependent on adequate FXII concentrations to initiate contact factor coagulation pathways. We report the case of a 14.7 kg girl undergoing CPB with a pre-admission FXII concentration of <1% and aPTT >200 seconds. The child was transfused with fresh-frozen plasma to replenish FXII, allowing safe ACT monitoring of heparin anticoagulation throughout CPB.
The use of wind turbines and the problem of icing
Authors: Tarhan Cevahir , Çil Mehmet Ali
Published: March 2021

The world’s energy demand is increasing. Wind energy plays an important role in meeting this demand. Investments in wind energy have been increasing in recent years. It can be said that the source of wind energy will be unlimited since there will be wind as long as there is sun. Most governments meet a large energy need by generating electricity from wind. At the end of 2019, the total amount of electricity generated from wind was 650 GW. Wind energy capacity is increasing with offshore wind pairs. Offshore wind turbines are a new field and research studies are ongoing. Wind turbines have the capacity to be installed anywhere in the world, and each government will have its own energy source. There is a problem of icing in wind power plants installed in cold climates. With this problem, efficiency in wind turbines decreases. Many methods have been found and developed in studies on icing problems. In this article, wind turbines were investigated, states’ perspectives on wind energy, developments and investments in wind energy, and the problem of icing were examined. Many articles in the literature have been reviewed and a solution to the icing problem of wind turbine blades has been sought.
A Statewide Approach to Falls Prevention: Widespread Implementation of A Matter of Balance in North Carolina, 2014–2019
Authors: Mazza Nadia Z. , Bailey Ellen , Lanou Amy Joy , Miller Nicolle
Published: March 2021

This study showcases the statewide strategies used to implement and sustain an evidence-based fall prevention program, A Matter of Balance (MOB) in North Carolina between 2014 and 2019. Statewide program implementation and data collection support strategies are detailed. The mostly White (not Hispanic/Latino), female participants were 75 years old on average. Pre- and post-self-reported assessments included demographic, health status, quality of life, and falls-related metrics. Survey responses were scaled and analyzed. Statistically significant improvements ( p < .05) across health status measurements, times fallen, and falls resulting in injury were observed. These results offer a model for effective statewide implementation of the MOB program to reduce falls among older adults in community settings with support from a statewide resource center.
Effect of green waste and lime amendments on biostabilisation, physical-chemical and microbial properties of the composted fine fraction of residual municipal solid waste
Authors: Kennedy Nabla , Lally Richard D , Walsh Siobhán W , Dowling David N , Ryan David
Published: March 2021

Implementation of guidelines to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) sent to landfill has created a need in the waste-management industry to investigate possible methods of accelerating biostabilisation of residual BMW. The effect of commercially feasible manipulations (lime and green waste (GW)) on the rate of biostabilisation of the fine (<20 mm) fraction of residual BMW was investigated. The physical and chemical attributes of the composted wastes were measured, and their bacterial communities profiled using traditional culture-based methods. In addition, ammonia-oxidising microbes were monitored during the biostabilisation process using molecular profiling methods. Addition of GW accelerated biostabilisation, reduced conductivity and increased the levels of ammonia-oxidising bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) genes. The best stability was noted in the dual (Lime + GW) treatment, which was under the limit of 13 mmol O2 kg DM−1 h−1 recommended by the Irish compost standard. Biostabilised wastes met recommendations for source-segregated compost for pH (6-8) and pathogens ( E. coli and Salmonella), but not heavy metals, indicating their unsuitability for uses other than landfill cover. Levels of AOA genes (log 3–6 g−1 DM) were higher than AOB (log 1–6 g−1 DM, indicating AOA may contribute more to potential ammonia oxidation in residual BMW composting.
A New Frontier: The Development and Validation of the Intimate Partner Cyber Abuse Instrument
Authors: Fissel Erica R. , Graham Amanda , Butler Leah C. , Fisher Bonnie S.
Published: March 2021

As technology advances, new opportunities for partners to gain power and control in their romantic relationships are readily available. New cyber-based behaviors have slowly garnered scholarly attention, but measurement-related issues have not. We take the logical next steps to (1) develop and validate a comprehensive measure of intimate partner cyber abuse (IPCA) for adults using classical test theory and item response theory and (2) estimate IPCA prevalence rate for a range of relationship types. A sample of 1,500 adults, currently in an intimate partner relationship, 18 years or older, and living in the United States, completed an online questionnaire about their IPCA experiences within the 6 months prior. Two parameter logistic modeling and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a five-dimensional structure: cyber direct aggression, cyber sexual coercion, cyber financial control, cyber control, and cyber monitoring, with 14.85% of the sample experiencing at least one dimension. These IPCA dimensions were examined for differential functioning across gender identity, race, student status, and relationship type. Collectively, the findings have implications for IPCA measurement and related research, including theoretically derived hypotheses whose findings can inform prevention.
Beyond a Sugarcoated Pill: Critical Approaches to Social Work Field Supervision
Authors: Kostecki Tina , Hodge Lisa , Dervisovski Vaska , Fitzgerald Camille
Published: March 2021

Critical pedagogy seeks to link education to social change and often forms a basis for social work curriculum in some university courses. However, less of this emphasis is given to understanding critical supervision practice for social work students while on placement in terms of the development of a critical praxis. We believe critical approaches to supervision are an overlooked and crucial aspect to maintaining critical social work practice in current neoliberal welfare contexts. This article presents key approaches that we have found useful in constructing and realizing a critical approach to social work field supervision and ultimately, the future practice of students in their respective fields. This article contributes to an ongoing discussion and strengthened engagement in critical approaches to field supervision and supports the development of social work students as critical thinkers and practitioners.
To Use or Not to Use the Term “Obstetric Violence”: Commentary on the Article by Swartz and Lappeman
Authors: Lévesque Sylvie , Ferron-Parayre Audrey
Published: March 2021

Based on the article by Swartz and Lappeman, we propose in this commentary to reflect on three central components linked to the concept of obstetric violence: the withdrawal of intentionality as a founding element of its recognition, the preponderant place given to the perspective of women and those affected by it, as well as the recognition of its sexist, gendered, and systemic character. We also discuss the epistemic injustice associated with obstetric violence. We stress the importance of including both health workers and health systems in the equation, even though they may be offended by the use of the term. We conclude by recalling that significant leadership must be exercised by health care workers and institutions to put an end to this form of violence.
Mifepristone as Bridge or Adjunct Therapy in the Management of Challenging Cushing Disease Cases
Authors: Chang Alice Y , Mirfakhraee Sasan , King Elizabeth E , Mercado Jennifer U , Donegan Diane M , Yuen Kevin CJ
Published: March 2021

Establishing a definitive diagnosis of Cushing disease (CD), given its clinical and biochemical heterogeneity, initiating effective treatment to control the effects of hypercortisolism, and managing recurrence are challenging disease aspects to address. Mifepristone is a competitive glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that is approved in the US by the Food and Drug Administration to control hyperglycemia secondary to endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) in patients who have glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery. Herein, we describe 6 patients with CD who received mifepristone as adjunct/bridge therapy in the following clinical settings: to assess clinical benefits of treatment for suspected recurrent disease, to control hypercortisolism preoperatively for severe disease, to control hypercortisolism during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide adjunctive treatment to radiation therapy. The patients were treated at multiple medical practice settings. Mifepristone treatment in each of the described cases was associated with clinical improvements, including improvements in overall glycemia, hypertension, and weight loss. In addition, in one case where biochemical and radiological evidence of disease recurrence was uncertain, clinical improvement with mifepristone pointed toward likely disease recurrence. Adverse events associated with mifepristone reported in the 6 cases were consistent with those previously reported in the pivotal trial and included cortisol withdrawal symptoms, antiprogesterone effects (vaginal bleeding), hypothyroidism (treated with levothyroxine), and hypokalemia (treated with spironolactone). These cases show how mifepristone can potentially be utilized as a therapeutic trial in equivocal cases of CD recurrence; as a presurgical treatment strategy, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic; and as bridge therapy, while awaiting the effects of radiation.
Science skepticism in times of COVID-19
Authors: Rutjens Bastiaan T. , van der Linden Sander , van der Lee Romy
Published: March 2021

In the current paper, we argue that to get a better understanding of the psychological antecedents of COVID-related science skepticism, it is pivotal to review what is known about the (social) psychology of science skepticism. Recent research highlighting the role of ideologies and worldviews in shaping science skepticism can inform research questions as well as pandemic responses to COVID-19. It is likely that the antecedents of general COVID-19-related skepticism substantially overlap with the antecedents of climate change skepticism. Additionally, skepticism about a potential vaccine in particular will likely be fueled by similar worries and misperceptions to those shaping more general antivaccination attitudes, of which conspiracy thinking is particularly worth highlighting. We conclude by reflecting on how the COVID-19 crisis may shape future social-psychological research aimed at understanding trust in science and science skepticism.
Intergroup and intragroup dimensions of COVID-19: A social identity perspective on social fragmentation and unity
Authors: Abrams Dominic , Lalot Fanny , Hogg Michael A.
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 is a challenge faced by individuals (personal vulnerability and behavior), requiring coordinated policy from national government. However, another critical layer—intergroup relations—frames many decisions about how resources and support should be allocated. Based on theories of self and social identity uncertainty, subjective group dynamics, leadership, and social cohesion, we argue that this intergroup layer has important implications for people’s perceptions of their own and others’ situation, political management of the pandemic, how people are influenced, and how they resolve identity uncertainty. In the face of the pandemic, initial national or global unity is prone to intergroup fractures and competition through which leaders can exploit uncertainties to gain short-term credibility, power, or influence for their own groups, feeding polarization and extremism. Thus, the social and psychological challenge is how to sustain the superordinate objective of surviving and recovering from the pandemic through mutual cross-group effort.
Lessons from developmental science to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 restrictions on social development
Authors: Cameron Lindsey , Tenenbaum Harriet R.
Published: March 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting social restrictions, children’s peer interactions have been altered. Peer interactions help children learn from each other to develop their understanding of conversation, emotion, and group norms. In addition, friendships can reduce intergroup bias and prejudice and increase independence. In this article, we review the ways that peers contribute to children’s cognitive and social development in informal and formal settings. Although restrictions are necessary to control the spread of the virus, social restrictions do not have to be to the detriment of peer relations. Based on evidence in developmental psychology, we end with suggestions for parents, teachers, and schools for how to continue to enable children to engage in peer interactions safely throughout future restrictions.
Neo-Ibuism in Indonesian Politics: Election Campaigns of Wives of Regional Heads in West Sumatra in 2019
Authors: Ichsan Kabullah Muhammad , Fajri M. Nurul
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on electoral victories by wives of regional heads in West Sumatra province during Indonesia’s 2019 elections. We argue that these victories can be explained by the emergence of a phenomenon we label “neo-ibuism.” We draw on the concept of “state ibuism,” previously used to describe the gender ideology of the authoritarian Suharto regime, which emphasised women’s roles as mothers ( ibu) and aimed to domesticate them politically. Neo-ibuism, by contrast, allows women to play an active role in the public sphere, including in elections, but in ways that still emphasise women’s roles within the family. The wives of regional government heads who won legislative victories in West Sumatra not only relied on their husbands’ political resources to achieve victories, they also used a range of political networks to reach out to voters, in ways that stressed both traditional gender roles and their own political agency.
Arthroscopic Findings in Symptomatic Fourth and Fifth Tarsometatarsal Joints with and without Arthritis
Authors: Liu George T. , VanPelt Michael D. , Johnson Matthew J. , Raspovic Katherine M. , Wukich Dane K. , Lalli Trapper
Published: March 2021

Category:

Arthroscopy; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

Refractory pain to the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint is a source of disability and functional impairment. The etiology of fourth and fifth TMT joint pain may be attributed to injury, post-traumatic arthritis, or arthrofibrosis, however, the principal pathologies associated with pain in the absence of arthritis are not well elucidated. The purpose of this study is to characterize arthroscopic pathology associated with chronic refractory pain to the fourth and fifth TMT joints with and without arthritis.

Methods:

We retrospectively examined 25 patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery of the fourth and fifth TMT joints for refractory pain at our academic institution between 2015 - 2020. Patients were placed in supine position, thigh tourniquet placed, prepped and draped in standard sterile fashion. The fourth and fifth TMT joints were accessed medially through a portal between the third and fourth TMT joint and laterally through a portal lateral to the fifth TMT joint. A 30° 2.5mm arthroscope was used as well as 2.5mm aggressive soft tissue shaver. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was use to confirm location of the arthroscope and shaver. The intraoperative findings were recorded into the medical record. We used the Outerbridge classification for chondral lesions, the Kellgren Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification for osteoarthritis, and described intraarticular pathologies as acute hypertrophic synovitis, chronic synovial fibrosis, hyaline bands, meniscoid bodies, loose joint bodies, arthrofibrosis.

Results:

Twenty-three fourth TMT joints and 26 fifth TMT joints, in 25 patients, underwent arthroscopic surgery for refractory pain. Average age was 62.6+-8.3 years. Average body mass index was 31.0+-5.0 kg/m2. All patients had pain with piano-key test. Twelve patients with arthritis to first through third TMT joints and eight patients to second through third TMT joints required arthrodesis. Approximately, 71.4% of TMT joints presented with radiographic evidence of arthritis and 28.6% of TMT joints were absent of radiographic signs of arthritis. The soft tissue pathology observed in patients without radiographic evidence of arthritis was arthrofibrosis (87.5%), chronic synovial fibrosis (75.0%), and acute hypertrophic synovitis (62.5%). Frequency plot of soft tissue pathologies, Outerbridge classification and KL radiographic classification for arthritis are shown in Figure 1.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to report arthroscopic findings associated with refractory pain of the fourth and fifth TMT joints with and without arthritis. These findings provide information regarding pathologies associated with fourth and fifth TMT joints pain and subsequent treatment.
Characterization of chromosome constitution in three wheat - Thinopyrum intermedium amphiploids revealed frequent rearrangement of alien and wheat chromosomes
Authors: Cui Yu , Xing Piyi , Qi Xiaolei , Bao Yinguang , Wang Honggang , Wang Richard R.-C. , Li Xingfeng
Published: March 2021

Background

Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42) is an important wild perennial Triticeae species exhibiting many potentially favorable traits for wheat improvement. Wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids serve as a bridge to transfer desirable genes from Th. intermedium into common wheat.

Results

Three octoploid Trititrigia accessions (TE261–1, TE266–1, and TE346–1) with good resistances to stripe rust, powdery mildew and aphids were selected from hybrid progenies between Th. intermedium and the common wheat variety ‘Yannong 15’ (YN15). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multicolor GISH (McGISH) analyses demonstrated that the three octoploid Trititrigia possess 42 wheat chromosomes and 14 Th. intermedium chromosomes. The 14 alien (Th. intermedium) chromosomes belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St-genome chromosomes rather than a single J, JS or St genome. Different types of chromosomal structural variation were also detected in the 1A, 6A, 6B, 2D and 7D chromosomes via FISH, McGISH and molecular marker analysis. The identity of the alien chromosomes and the variationes in the wheat chromosomes in the three Trititrigia octoploids were also different.

Conclusions

The wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids possess 14 alien chromosomes which belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St- chromosomes, and 42 wheat chromosomes with different structural variations. These accessions could be used as genetic resources in wheat breeding for the transfer of disease and pest resistance genes from Th. intermedium to common wheat.
Utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in cases of difficult biliary cannulation
Authors: Shintani Shuhei , Inatomi Osamu , Takeda Yoshiya , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Fujimoto Takehide , Tsuji Yoshihisa , Kutsumi Hiromu , Andoh Akira
Published: March 2021

Background

We investigated the utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in biliary cannulation in comparison with the conventional pancreatic guidewire (PGW) method.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 119 patients who required PGW placement because of difficult biliary cannulation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed using a conventional ERCP catheter or a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome. The success rate of bile duct cannulation, the operation time of bile duct cannulation, and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) were evaluated.

Results

Forty-four patients were treated with a new double-lumen sphincterotome (the new sphincterotome group) and 75 patients underwent conventional PGW placement (the conventional group). The success rate of bile duct cannulation was 39/44 (88.6%) in the new sphincterotome group and 63/75 (84.0%) in the conventional group (not significant). The total biliary cannulation time (from the reach to the papilla to the finish of biliary cannulation) was 16.0 (6.5–78) min in the new sphincterotome group and 26.0 (5–80) min in the conventional group (P < 0.01). The time from PGW placement to bile duct cannulation was 3.5 (0.3–57) min in the magictome group and 12.0 (1–65) min in the conventional group (P < 0.01). Hyperamylasemia was observed in 13/44 (29.5%) and 17/75 (22.7%), respectively (not significant). Five of 44 (11.3%) of the new sphincterotome group and 14/75 (18.7%) of the conventional group were diagnosed with PEP (not significant).

Conclusion

A new double-lumen sphincterotome allows selective bile duct cannulation to be performed in a shorter time than the conventional PGW method.
“Body & Brain”: effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention on physical and cognitive function of adults with dementia - study protocol for a quasi-experimental controlled trial
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Borges-Machado Flávia , Barros Duarte , Sampaio Arnaldina , Marques-Aleixo Inês , Bohn Lucimere , Pizarro Andreia , Teixeira Laetitia , Magalhães José , Ribeiro Óscar
Published: March 2021

Background

Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability that was declared as one of the greatest health and social care challenges of the twenty-first century. Regular physical activity and exercise have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy in disease prevention and management. Multicomponent Training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, balance and postural exercises and might be an effective training to improve both functional capacity and cognitive function in individuals with dementia (IwD). Nevertheless, data on the effects of MT in IwD are still limited and the extent to which IwD can retain improvements after an exercise intervention still needs to be elucidated. The aim of “Body & Brain” study is to investigate the effects of a 6-month MT intervention and 3-month detraining on the physical and cognitive function of IwD. Additionally, we aim to explore the impact of this intervention on psychosocial factors and physiologic markers related to dementia.

Methods

This study is a quasi-experimental controlled trial using a parallel-group design. The study sample consists of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who are clinically diagnosed with dementia or major neurocognitive disorder. Participants will be either allocated into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in MT biweekly exercise sessions, whereas the control group will receive monthly sessions regarding physical activity and health-related topics for 6 months. The main outcomes will be physical function as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and cognitive function evaluated using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) at baseline, after 6-months and 3-months after the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes will be body composition, physical fitness, daily functionality, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver’s burden. Cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurotrophic blood-based biomarkers, and arterial stiffness will also be evaluated in subsamples.

Discussion

If our hypothesis is correct, this project will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of MT training in improving physical and cognitive function and give insights about its impact on novel molecular biomarkers related to dementia. This project may also contribute to provide guidelines on exercise prescription for IwD.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov – identifier number NCT04095962; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.