bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation between large dimension operators and oscillator algebra of Young diagrams
Authors: Lin Hai
Published: January 2015

The operators with large scaling dimensions can be labeled by Young diagrams. Among other bases, the operators using restricted Schur polynomials have been known to have a large N but nonplanar limit under which they map to states of a system of harmonic oscillators. We analyze the oscillator algebra acting on pairs of long rows or long columns in the Young diagrams of the operators. The oscillator algebra can be reached by a Inonu–Wigner contraction of the u(2) algebra inside of the u(p) algebra of p giant gravitons. We present evidences that integrability in this case can persist at higher loops due to the presence of the oscillator algebra which is expected to be robust under loop corrections in the nonplanar large N limit.
Analytical coexistence of s-, p-, (s + p)-phases of a holographic superconductor
Authors: Momeni Davood , Raza Muhammad , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: January 2015

We analytically study the critical phase of a mixed system of the U(2) gauge fields and global symmetry on the boundary using gauge/gravity. A variational minimization problem has been formulated. The numerical results pertinently show that there exists a minimum chemical potential in which both scalar (s-wave) and vector (p-wave) condensates exist in a mixture, as well as in the distinct s- and p-phases. This result is obtained by breaking the symmetry into U(1) symmetry and rotational symmetry. While the analytical solutions of condensates and charge densities are achieved in both cases: the balanced and unbalanced holographic superconductors. This is the first analytical study of the coexistence of two modes of the superconductivity with different order parameters. The realistic model consists of two different phases of the superfluidity in helium.
Synchronization of action potentials during low-magnesium-induced bursting
Authors: Johnson Sarah E. , Hudson John L. , Kapur Jaideep
Published: January 2015

The relationship between mono- and polysynaptic strength and action potential synchronization was explored using a reduced external Mg2+model. Single and dual whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in hippocampal cultures in three concentrations of external Mg2+. In decreased Mg2+medium, the individual cells transitioned to spontaneous bursting behavior. In lowered Mg2+media the larger excitatory synaptic events were observed more frequently and fewer transmission failures occurred, suggesting strengthened synaptic transmission. The event synchronization was calculated for the neural action potentials of the cell pairs, and it increased in media where Mg2+concentration was lowered. Analysis of surrogate data where bursting was present, but no direct or indirect connections existed between the neurons, showed minimal action potential synchronization. This suggests the synchronization of action potentials is a product of the strengthening synaptic connections within neuronal networks.
Adaptive Synchronization Control of Multiple Vessels with Switching Communication Topologies and Time Delay
Authors: Ding Fuguang , Ma Yanqin , Zhou Yuanwei , Li Jiangjun
Published: January 2015

Recently, synchronization movement control of multiple vessels has been studied broadly. In most of the studies, the communication network among vessels is considered to be fixed and the time delay is often ignored. However, the communication network among vessels maybe vary because of switching of different tasks, and the time delay is necessary to be considered when the communication network is unreliable. In this paper, the synchronization movement of multiple vessels with switching connected communication topologies is studied, and an adaptive synchronization control algorithm that is based on backstepping sliding mode control is proposed. The control algorithm is achieved by defining cross coupling error which is combination of the trajectory tracking error and velocity tracking error. And an adaptive control term is used to estimate the external disturbances, so that the unknown external disturbances can be compensated. Furthermore, the robustness of the control law to time-varying time delay is also discussed. At last, some simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization control algorithm.
Awareness and Uptake of Family Screening in Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer at a Young Age
Authors: Hogan Niamh M. , Hanley Marion , Hogan Aisling M. , Sheehan Margaret , McAnena Oliver J. , Regan Mark P. , Kerin Michael J. , Joyce Myles R.
Published: January 2015

Background. One-fifth of people who develop colorectal cancer (CRC) have a first-degree relative (FDR) also affected. There is a large disparity in guidelines for screening of relatives of patients with CRC. Herein we address awareness and uptake of family screening amongst patients diagnosed with CRC under age 60 and compare guidelines for screening.Study Design. Patients under age 60 who received surgical management for CRC between June 2009 and May 2012 were identified using pathology records and theatre logbooks. A telephone questionnaire was carried out to investigate family history and screening uptake among FDRs.Results. Of 317 patients surgically managed for CRC over the study period, 65 were under age 60 at diagnosis (8 deceased). The mean age was 51 (30–59). 66% had node positive disease. 25% had a family history of colorectal cancer in a FDR. While American and Canadian guidelines identified 100% of these patients as requiring screening, British guidelines advocated screening for only 40%. Of 324 FDRs, only 40.9% had been screened as a result of patient’s diagnosis.Conclusions. Uptake of screening in FDRs of young patients with CRC is low. Increased education and uniformity of guidelines may improve screening uptake in this high-risk population.
Synthesis of Boron Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Nanosheets
Authors: Patel Rajen B. , Chou Tsengming , Iqbal Zafar
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of boron nanowires, nanotubes, and nanosheets using a thermal vapor deposition process is reported. This work confirms previous research and provides a new method capable of synthesizing boron nanomaterials. The materials were made by using various combinations of MgB2, Mg(BH4)2, MCM‐41, NiB, and Fe wire. Unlike previously reported methods, a nanoparticle catalyst and a silicate substrate are not required for synthesis. Two types of boron nanowires, boron nanotubes, and boron nanosheets were made. Their morphology and chemical composition were determined through the use of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. These boron‐based materials have potential for electronic and hydrogen storage applications.
Neural and Nonneural Contributions to Wrist Rigidity in Parkinson’s Disease: An Explorative Study Using the NeuroFlexor
Authors: Zetterberg H. , Frykberg G. E. , Gäverth J. , Lindberg P. G.
Published: January 2015

Objective. The NeuroFlexor is a novel method incorporating a biomechanical model for the measurement of neural and nonneural contributions to resistance induced by passive stretch. In this study, we used the NeuroFlexor method to explore components of passive movement resistance in the wrist and finger muscles in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods. A cross-sectional comparison was performed in twenty-five subjects with PD with clinically identified rigidity and 14 controls. Neural (NC), elastic (EC), and viscous (VC) components of the resistance to passive extension of the wrist were calculated using the NeuroFlexor. Measurements were repeated during a contralateral activation maneuver.Results. PD subjects showed greater total resistance(P<0.001)and NC(P=0.002)compared to controls. EC and VC did not differ significantly between groups. Contralateral activation maneuver resulted in increased NC in the PD group but this increase was due to increased resting tension. Total resistance and NC correlated with clinical ratings of rigidity and with bradykinesia.Conclusions. The findings suggest that stretch induced reflex activity, but not nonneural resistance, is the major contributor to rigidity in wrist muscles in PD. The NeuroFlexor is a potentially valuable clinical and research tool for quantification of rigidity.
Relationship betweenHelicobacter pyloriInfections in Diabetic Patients and Inflammations, Metabolic Syndrome, and Complications
Authors: Kayar Yusuf , Pamukçu Özgül , Eroğlu Hatice , Kalkan Erol Kübra , Ilhan Aysegul , Kocaman Orhan
Published: January 2015

Helicobacter pyloriinfection and diabetes mellitus are two independent common diseases. It is showed that the worsening glycemic and metabolic control increases the rates ofHelicobacter pyloriinfections andHelicobacter pyloriis shown as one of the common problems in diabetic patients with complaints of gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and eradication rates ofHelicobacter pyloriin diabetic patients and the relationship ofHelicobacter pyloriwith the risk factors and diabetic complications. In our study, in which we have included 133 patients, we have shown a significant relationship betweenHelicobacter pyloriinfections and metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, inflammations, and diabetic complications.
A Hybrid MCDM Model for New Product Development: Applied on the Taiwanese LiFePO4Industry
Authors: Chen Wen-Chin , Wang Li-Yi , Lin Meng-Chen
Published: January 2015

Recent years, since problems with respect to atmosphere pollution hasten countries to accentuate green-related policy regarding the sustainable energy, the lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery has been appealed to the world. However, more and more firms invest the LiFePO4batteries production that has launched a fierce competition. Successful new product development (NPD) processes have been considered the key for LiFePO4battery firms to increase their competitive advantage. Firms must make correct decision faster due to the rapid development of technology and the decreasing product life cycle. This study proposes a hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) model based on the literature review and consultation with the experts, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) for evaluating various strategies for NPD. First of all, reviewing of literature and meeting with the experts are used to screen factors and select the criteria. Then, an ISM is managed to determine the feedback and interdependency of those factors in a network. Finally, a fuzzy theory is applied to resolve the linguistic hedges and an ANP is adopted to obtain the weights of all the factors. A case study is undertaken to validate the model in a Taiwanese company that provides professional packing and design for lithium-iron phosphate battery.
Screw Theory Based Singularity Analysis of Lower-Mobility Parallel Robots considering the Motion/Force Transmissibility and Constrainability
Authors: Chen Xiang , Liu Xin-Jun , Xie Fugui
Published: January 2015

Singularity is an inherent characteristic of parallel robots and is also a typical mathematical problem in engineering application. In general, to identify singularity configuration, the singular solution in mathematics should be derived. This work introduces an alternative approach to the singularity identification of lower-mobility parallel robots considering the motion/force transmissibility and constrainability. The theory of screws is used as the mathematic tool to define the transmission and constraint indices of parallel robots. The singularity is hereby classified into four types concerning both input and output members of a parallel robot, that is, input transmission singularity, output transmission singularity, input constraint singularity, and output constraint singularity. Furthermore, we take several typical parallel robots as examples to illustrate the process of singularity analysis. Particularly, the input and output constraint singularities which are firstly proposed in this work are depicted in detail. The results demonstrate that the method can not only identify all possible singular configurations, but also explain their physical meanings. Therefore, the proposed approach is proved to be comprehensible and effective in solving singularity problems in parallel mechanisms.
Multiple Objective Fuzzy Sourcing Problem with Multiple Items in Discount Environments
Authors: Arikan Feyzan
Published: January 2015

The selection of proper supply sources plays a vital role to maintain companies’ competitiveness. In this study a multiple criteria fuzzy sourcing problem with multiple items in discount environment is considered as a multiple objective mixed integer linear programming problem. Fuzzy parameters are demand level and/or aspiration levels of objectives. Three objective functions are minimization of the total production and ordering costs, the total number of rejected units, and the total number of late delivered units, respectively. The model is developed for the all-units discount scheme. For the incremental discount and volume discount environment, modification requirements of the model are mentioned. The previously proposed interactive fuzzy approach combined with three fuzzy mathematical models is employed to obtain most satisfactory solution which is also a nondominated one. This study provides a realistic mathematical model and promising solution strategy to multiple item-single period sourcing problem in discount environment. Consideration of fuzziness makes the obtained nondominated solution implementable for the real cases.
Gossiping with Message Splitting on Structured Networks
Authors: Dong Wenxiang , Yang Ying , Zhang Wenyi
Published: January 2015

Gossiping of a single source with multiple messages (by splitting information into pieces) has been treated only for complete graphs, shown to considerably reduce the completion time, that is, the first time at which all network nodes are informed, compared with single-message gossiping. In this paper, gossiping of a single source with multiple messages is treated, for networks modeled as certain structured graphs, wherein upper bounds of the high-probability completion time are established through a novel “dependency graph” technique. The results shed useful insights into the behavior of multiple-message gossiping and can be useful for data dissemination in sensor networks, multihopping content distribution, and file downloading in peer-to-peer networks.
Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol, and 4-Nitrophenol on Activated Carbon Obtained from Eucalyptus Seed
Authors: Rincón-Silva Nelson Giovanny , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos , Giraldo Liliana Giraldo
Published: January 2015

Activated carbons from shell eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) were prepared by chemical activation through impregnation with solutions of two activators: sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, the surface areas for activated carbons with base were 780 and 670 m2 g−1and the solids activated with acid were 150 and 80 m2 g−1. These were applying in adsorption of priority pollutants: phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution. Activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity has values of 2.12, 2.57, and 3.89 on phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol, respectively, and was activated with base. In general, all carbons adsorption capacity was given in the following order: 4-chlorophenol > 4-nitrophenol > phenol. Adsorption isotherms of phenols on activated carbons were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radusckevisch-Kanager models, finding great association between them and experimental data. A thermodynamic study was performed, the exothermic nature and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process were confirmed, and the favorability of adsorption on activated carbons with NaOH was confirmed by energy relations and concluded that the adsorption process of phenolic compounds from the activated carbon obtained is physical. The pH of solutions and pH at point of zero charge of the solid play an important role in the adsorption process.
Impact of Clinical Experience and Diagnostic Performance in Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Laurell Helena , Hansson Lars-Erik , Gunnarsson Ulf
Published: January 2015

Background.The aims were to evaluate the importance of the formal competence of the emergency department physician, the patient’s time of arrival at the emergency department, and the use of a structured schedule for investigation of patients with acute abdominal pain.Methods.Patients attending the Mora Hospital with acute abdominal pain from 1997 to 2000 were registered prospectively according to a structured schedule. Registration included history, symptoms, signs, preliminary diagnosis, surgery and final diagnosis after at least one year.  Results.3073 acute abdominal pain patients were included. The preliminary diagnosis, as compared with the final diagnosis, was correct in 54%(n=1659). Previously, during 1996, a base-line registration of 790 patients had a 58% correct diagnoses  (n=458). A majority of the patients (n=2699; 88%) were managed by nonspecialists. The proportion of correct diagnoses was 54%(n=759)for pre-registrar house officers and 55%(n=443)for senior house officers. Diagnostic performance at the emergency department was independent of patient’s time of arrival.Conclusions.A structured schedule for investigation did not improve the diagnostic precision at the emergency department in patients with acute abdominal pain. The diagnostic performance was independent of the formal competence of the physician and the patient's time of arrival.
Autoradiography Imaging in Targeted Alpha Therapy with Timepix Detector
Authors: AL Darwish Ruqaya , Staudacher Alexander Hugo , Bezak Eva , Brown Michael Paul
Published: January 2015

There is a lack of data related to activity uptake and particle track distribution in targeted alpha therapy. These data are required to estimate the absorbed dose on a cellular level as alpha particles have a limited range and traverse only a few cells. Tracking of individual alpha particles is possible using the Timepix semiconductor radiation detector. We investigated the feasibility of imaging alpha particle emissions in tumour sections from mice treated with Thorium-227 (using APOMAB), with and without prior chemotherapy and Timepix detector. Additionally, the sensitivity of the Timepix detector to monitor variations in tumour uptake based on the necrotic tissue volume was also studied. Compartmental analysis model was used, based on the obtained imaging data, to assess the Th-227 uptake. Results show that alpha particle, photon, electron, and muon tracks were detected and resolved by Timepix detector. The current study demonstrated that individual alpha particle emissions, resulting from targeted alpha therapy, can be visualised and quantified using Timepix detector. Furthermore, the variations in the uptake based on the tumour necrotic volume have been observed with four times higher uptake for tumours pretreated with chemotherapy than for those without chemotherapy.
Radiofrequency Coblation of Congenital Nasopharyngeal Teratoma: A Novel Technique
Authors: Hwang Sang Yun , Jefferson Niall , Mohorikar Alok , Jacobson Ian
Published: January 2015

Introduction. Congenital nasopharyngeal teratomas are rare tumours that pose difficulties in diagnosis and surgical management. We report the first use of radiofrequency coblation in the management of such tumours.Case Report. A premature baby with a perinatal diagnosis of a large, obstructing nasooropharyngeal mass was referred to the ENT service for further investigations and management. The initial biopsy was suggestive of a neuroblastoma, but the tumour demonstrated rapid growth despite appropriate chemotherapy. In a novel use of radiofrequency coblation, the nasooropharyngeal mass was completely excised, with the final histopathology revealing a congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma.Conclusion. We report the first use of radiofrequency coblation to excise a congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma and discuss its advantages.
Prevalence of Ovine Haemonchosis in Wukro, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebresilassie Lidya , Afera Tadele Berihun
Published: January 2015

Background.Haemonchosiscaused byHaemonchus contortusis a predominant, highly pathogenic, and economically important disease of sheep and goats.Objective. Assessing the prevalence ofHaemonchusparasite and its associated risk factors in sheep slaughtered at different restaurants of Wukro.Methods. Cross-sectional study using random sampling from November 2013 to April 2014 in a total of 384 sheep was conducted and SPSS version 20 software using descriptive statistics was used for data analysis andP<0.05was considered significant.Result. The overall prevalence ofHaemonchus contortuswas 40.9% (n=157). The prevalence in medium body condition 27.3% (n=105) varies significantly from that of good body condition 13.5% (n=52) (P<0.05). Moreover, there was significant variation (P<0.05) in the prevalence in young and adult sheep with rates of 21.9% (n=84) and 19% (n=73), respectively. At the same time, there is significant variation (P<0.05) in male and female sheep with prevalence of 29.7% (n=114) and 11.2% (n=43), respectively. The prevalence of 25.3% (n=97) in sheep that originated from Negash compared to Wukro and Agulae showed no significant variation (P>0.05).Conclusion. The current finding revealed that significant numbers of sheep were affected by the parasites. Hence strategic deworming with good husbandry practice should be implemented.
Fair Secure Computation with Reputation Assumptions in the Mobile Social Networks
Authors: Wang Yilei , Zhao Chuan , Xu Qiuliang , Zheng Zhihua , Chen Zhenhua , Liu Zhe
Published: January 2015

With the rapid development of mobile devices and wireless technologies, mobile social networks become increasingly available. People can implement many applications on the basis of mobile social networks. Secure computation, like exchanging information and file sharing, is one of such applications. Fairness in secure computation, which means that either all parties implement the application or none of them does, is deemed as an impossible task in traditional secure computation without mobile social networks. Here we regard the applications in mobile social networks as specific functions and stress on the achievement of fairness on these functions within mobile social networks in the presence of two rational parties. Rational parties value their utilities when they participate in secure computation protocol in mobile social networks. Therefore, we introduce reputation derived from mobile social networks into the utility definition such that rational parties have incentives to implement the applications for a higher utility. To the best of our knowledge, the protocol is the first fair secure computation in mobile social networks. Furthermore, it finishes within constant rounds and allows both parties to know the terminal round.
Nasofacial Anthropometric Study among University Students of Three Races in Malaysia
Authors: Wai Mar Mar , Thwin San San , Yesmin Tahamida , Ahmad Aqlan , Adnan Atina Shahida , Hassan Auni Azrawati , Ahmad Nabilah , Zakariah Nurul Izzati
Published: January 2015

Objective. Anthropometric data of the nasofacial dimensions is vital in nasofacial surgery, forensics medicine, and diagnostic comprehension. Nasofacial anthropometry is “ethnic sensitive” and has distinct sexual dimorphism. This study is aimed to observe the variations of length and width of face and nose among university students of three races in Ipoh, Malaysia. Material and Method. A cross-sectional study was done on 200 college students aged between 18 and 21 years, using convenient sampling method. The facial length and width and nasal length and width were measured. The data were analysed using the SPSS software. Result. The mean facial index of Malay subjects showed 88.82 ± 6.63 with nasal index of 81.00 ± 7.48, showing dominance of the leptoprosopic face type and mesorrhine nose type. Chinese subjects showed facial index and nasal index of 85.65 ± 6.50 and 79.56 ± 8.62, respectively, having mesoprosopic face type and mesorrhine nose type. Indian students had facial index of 92.57 ± 7.19 and nasal index of 76.27 ± 7.39, having leptoprosopic face type and mesorrhine nose type. The differences in means of facial and nasal indices between the three races were statistically significant (P<0.005). Conclusion. The result of our study has confirmed that there was sexual dimorphism of facial and nasal parameters and also significant differences of facial and nasal indices amongst the three Malaysian race groups.
Relation of the Cyclotomic Equation with the Harmonic and Derived Series
Authors: Boya Luis J. , Rivera Cristian
Published: January 2015

We associate some (old) convergent series related to definite integrals with the cyclotomic equation xm − 1 = 0, for several natural numbers m; for example, for m = 3, x3 − 1 = (x − 1)(1 + x + x2) leads to . In some cases, we express the results in terms of the Dirichlet characters. Generalizations for arbitrary m are well defined but do imply integrals and/or series summations rather involved.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Three-Arm Star-Branched Polystyrene through Arm-First Coupling Approach by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Shahabuddin Syed , Hamime Ismail Fatem , Mohamad Sharifah , Muhamad Sarih Norazilawati
Published: January 2015

Here we describe a simple route to synthesize three-arm star-branched polystyrene. Atom transfer radical polymerization technique has been utilized to yield branched polystyrene involving Williamson coupling strategy. Initially a linear polymeric chain of predetermined molecular weight has been synthesized which is further end-functionalized into a primary alkyl bromide moiety, a prime requisition for Williamson reaction. The end-functionalized polymer is then coupled using 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, a trifunctional core molecule, to give well-defined triple-arm star-branched polystyrene.
Pharmacodynamic Imaging Guides Dosing of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader
Authors: Heidari Pedram , Deng Francis , Esfahani Shadi A. , Leece Alicia K. , Shoup Timothy M. , Vasdev Neil , Mahmood Umar
Published: January 2015

Purpose: Estrogen receptor (ER) targeting is key in management of receptor-positive breast cancer. Currently, there are no methods to optimize anti-ER therapy dosing. This study assesses the use of 16α-18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) PET for fulvestrant dose optimization in a preclinical ER+ breast cancer model.

Experimental Design: In vitro, 18F-FES retention was compared with ERα protein expression (ELISA) and ESR1 mRNA transcription (qPCR) in MCF7 cells (ER+) after treatment with different fulvestrant doses. MCF7 xenografts were grown in ovariectomized nude mice and assigned to vehicle, low- (0.05 mg), medium- (0.5 mg), or high-dose (5 mg) fulvestrant treatment groups (5–7 per group). Two and 3 days after fulvestrant treatment, PET/CT was performed using 18F-FES and 18F-FDG, respectively. ER expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and qPCR on xenografts. Tumor proliferation was assessed using Ki67 immunohistochemistry.

Results: In vitro, we observed a parallel graded reduction in 18F-FES uptake and ER expression with increased fulvestrant doses, despite enhancement of ER mRNA transcription. In xenografts, ER expression significantly decreased with increased fulvestrant dose, despite similar mRNA expression and Ki67 staining among the treatment groups. We observed a significant dose-dependent reduction of 18F-FES PET mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) with fulvestrant treatment but no significant difference among the treatment groups in 18F-FDG PET SUVmean.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that 18F-FES uptake mirrors the dose-dependent changes in functional ER expression with fulvestrant resulting in ER degradation and/or blockade; these precede changes in tumor metabolism and proliferation. Quantitative 18F-FES PET may be useful for tracking early efficacy of ER blockade/degradation and guiding ER-targeted therapy dosing in patients with breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1340–7. ©2015 AACR.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Decreases in Gastric Cancer and Its Nuclear Accumulation Suppresses Gastric Tumorigenesis
Authors: Cao Longlong , Zhou Jiechao , Zhang Junrong , Wu Sijin , Yang Xintao , Zhao Xin , Li Huifang , Luo Ming , Yu Qian , Lin Guangtan , Lin Huizhong , Xie Jianwei , Li Ping , Hu Xiaoqing , Zheng Chaohui , Bu Guojun , Zhang Yun-wu , Xu Huaxi , Yang Yongliang , Huang Changming , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2015

Purpose: As a cyclin-independent atypical CDK, the role of CDK5 in regulating cell proliferation in gastric cancer remains unknown.

Experimental Design: Expression of CDK5 in gastric tumor and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 437 patients was measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The subcellular translocation of CDK5 was monitored during gastric cancer cell proliferation. The role of nuclear CDK5 in gastric cancer tumorigenic proliferation and ex vivo xenografts was explored. Furthermore, by screening for compounds in the PubChem database that disrupt CDK5 association with its nuclear export facilitator, we identified a small molecular (NS-0011) that inhibits gastric cancer cell growth.

Results: CDK5 level was significantly decreased in the majority of gastric tumor tissues, and the reduction of CDK5 correlated with the severity of gastric cancer based on tumor and lymph node metastasis and patient 5-year fatality rate. Nuclear localization of CDK5 was found to be significantly decreased in tumor tissues and gastric cancer cell lines, whereas exogenously expression of nucleus-targeted CDK5 inhibited the proliferation and xenograft implantation of gastric cancer cells. Treatment with the small molecule NS-0011, which increases CDK5 accumulation in the nucleus, suppressed both cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumorigenesis.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that low CDK5 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer, and nuclear accumulation of CDK5 inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human gastric cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1419–28. ©2015 AACR.
Acquisition of Relative Interstrand Crosslinker Resistance and PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity in Fanconi Anemia Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Lombardi Anne J. , Hoskins Elizabeth E. , Foglesong Grant D. , Wikenheiser-Brokamp Kathryn A. , Wiesmüller Lisa , Hanenberg Helmut , Andreassen Paul R. , Jacobs Allison J. , Olson Susan B. , Keeble Winifred W. , Hays Laura E. , Wells Susanne I.
Published: January 2015

Purpose: Fanconi anemia is an inherited disorder associated with a constitutional defect in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair machinery that is essential for resolution of DNA interstrand crosslinks. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are predisposed to formation of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) at a young age. Prognosis is poor, partly due to patient intolerance of chemotherapy and radiation requiring dose reduction, which may lead to early recurrence of disease.

Experimental Design: Using HNSCC cell lines derived from the tumors of patients with Fanconi anemia, and murine HNSCC cell lines derived from the tumors of wild-type and Fancc−/− mice, we sought to define Fanconi anemia–dependent chemosensitivity and DNA repair characteristics. We utilized DNA repair reporter assays to explore the preference of Fanconi anemia HNSCC cells for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).

Results: Surprisingly, interstrand crosslinker (ICL) sensitivity was not necessarily Fanconi anemia–dependent in human or murine cell systems. Our results suggest that the increased Ku-dependent NHEJ that is expected in Fanconi anemia cells did not mediate relative ICL resistance. ICL exposure resulted in increased DNA damage sensing and repair by PARP in Fanconi anemia–deficient cells. Moreover, human and murine Fanconi anemia HNSCC cells were sensitive to PARP inhibition, and sensitivity of human cells was attenuated by Fanconi anemia gene complementation.

Conclusions: The observed reliance upon PARP-mediated mechanisms reveals a means by which Fanconi anemia HNSCCs can acquire relative resistance to the ICL-based chemotherapy that is a foundation of HNSCC treatment, as well as a potential target for overcoming chemoresistance in the chemosensitive individual. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1962–72. ©2015 AACR.
“To B(MP-2) or Not To B(MP-2)” or “Much Ado About Nothing”: Are Orthobiologics in Tumor Surgery Worth the Risks?
Authors: Weiss Kurt R.
Published: January 2015

Geller and colleagues report that adjuvant chemotherapy affected the adequacy of osteosarcoma local surgical control. Exogenous bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) did not increase local recurrence, but the limited theoretical benefits of BMP-2 for a subset of patients with osteosarcoma may not justify the systemic and long-term risks. Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 2889–91. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Geller et al., p. 3003
Targeting the Inflammatory Pathway as a Therapeutic Tool for Major Depression
Authors: Noto Cristiano , Rizzo Lucas B. , Mansur Rodrigo B. , McIntyre Roger S. , Maes Michael , Brietzke Elisa
Published: January 2015

In the last decades convergent findings from several lines of evidence has revealed a robust association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and inflammatory pathways. Despite this, the translation of these findings into new and better treatments for MDD has not occurred. The objective of this study is to comprehensively review what is already known with reasonable certainty on inflammatory pathways in MDD, to clarify some points that have been insufficiently studied and to discuss the implications of these findings for future studies targeting inflammatory pathways as a therapeutic tool for individuals with MDD.
Bone-marrow-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells in patients with critical leg ischaemia: evidence of vasculogenic potential
Authors: Guerin Coralie L. , Loyer Xavier , Vilar José , Cras Audrey , Mirault Tristan , Gaussem Pascale , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien , Smadja David M.
Published: January 2015

Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) are multipotent stem cells localised in adult bone marrow (BM) that may be mobilised into peripheral blood (PB) in response to tissue injury. We aimed to quantify VSELs in BM and PB of patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) and to test their angiogenic potential in vitro as well as their therapeutic capacity in mouse model of CLI. We isolated BM VSELs from patients with CLI and studied their potential to differentiate into vascular lineages. Flow and imaging cytometry showed that VSEL counts were lower in BM (p< 0.001) and higher (p< 0.001) in PB from CLI patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting that ischaemia may trigger VSELs mobilisation in this patient population. Sorted BM-VSELs cultured in angiogenic media acquired a mesenchymal phenotype (CD90+, Thy-1 gene positive expression). VSEL-derived cells had a pattern of secretion similar to that of endothelial progenitor cells, as they released low levels of VEGF-A and inflammatory cytokines. Noteworthy, VSELs triggered post-ischaemic revascularisation in immunodeficient mice (p< 0.05 vs PBS treatment), and acquired an endothelial phenotype either in vitro when cultured in the presence of VEGF-B (Cdh-5 gene positive expression), or in vivo in Matrigel implants (human CD31+ staining in neo-vessels from plug sections). In conclusion, VSELs are a potential new source of therapeutic cells that may give rise to cells of the endothelial lineage in humans.
Impact of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Troponin Release During Acute Myocardial Infarction: New Insights From a Comprehensive Translational Study
Authors: Fernández‐Jiménez Rodrigo , Silva Jacobo , Martínez‐Martínez Sara , López‐Maderuelo Mª Dolores , Nuno‐Ayala Mario , García‐Ruiz José Manuel , García‐Álvarez Ana , Fernández‐Friera Leticia , Pizarro Tech Gonzalo , García‐Prieto Jaime , Sanz‐Rosa David , López‐Martin Gonzalo , Fernández‐Ortiz Antonio , Macaya Carlos , Fuster Valentin , Redondo Juan Miguel , Ibanez Borja
Published: January 2015

Background

Biomarkers are frequently used to estimate infarct size (
IS
) as an endpoint in experimental and clinical studies. Here, we prospectively studied the impact of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (
LVH
) on biomarker release in clinical and experimental myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results

ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) patients (n=140) were monitored for total creatine kinase (
CK
) and cardiac troponin I (
cTnI
) over 72 hours postinfarction and were examined by cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) at 1 week and 6 months postinfarction. MI was generated in pigs with induced
LVH
(n=10) and in sham‐operated pigs (n=8), and serial total
CK
and
cTnI
measurements were performed and
CMR
scans conducted at 7 days postinfarction. Regression analysis was used to study the influence of
LVH
on total
CK
and
cTnI
release and
IS
estimated by
CMR
(gold standard). Receiver operating characteristic (
ROC
) curve analysis was performed to study the discriminatory capacity of the area under the curve (
AUC)
of
cTnI
and total
CK
in predicting
LV
dysfunction. Cardiomyocyte
cTnI
expression was quantified in myocardial sections from
LVH
and sham‐operated pigs. In both the clinical and experimental studies,
LVH
was associated with significantly higher peak and
AUC
of
cTnI
, but not with differences in total
CK
.
ROC
curves showed that the discriminatory capacity of
AUC
of
cTnI
to predict
LV
dysfunction was significantly worse for patients with
LVH
.
LVH
did not affect the capacity of total
CK
to estimate
IS
or
LV
dysfunction. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed significantly higher
cTnI
content in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

Peak and
AUC
of
cTnI
both significantly overestimate
IS
in the presence of
LVH
, owing to the higher troponin content per cardiomyocyte. In the setting of
LVH
,
cTnI
release during
STEMI
poorly predicts postinfarction
LV
dysfunction. LV mass should be taken into consideration when
IS
or
LV
function are estimated by troponin release.
Visions Project K. 1 DIY: 3D Interactive Device
Authors: Mereu Francesca , Villarroel Javier
Published: January 2015

The Visions Project K. 1 is an interactive video installation consisting of a volumetric device that allows visualization of 3D objects and their interaction with the user in real time. Objects are projected onto a pyramidal structure with an LCD monitor, and due to the special geometry of the structure, they look like real 3D objects floating inside the pyramid for any observer from any direction. The modular design of the components of the structure enables the user to build his or her own device DIY (Do It Yourself).
Choreographic Arrhythmias
Authors: Johung Jennifer
Published: January 2015

Aberrations in the constancy and duration of movement challenge the determination of bodies and things within and beyond dance. In fact, 19th-century anthropological studies on animism and recent cognitive science experiments on timescale bias demonstrate that the agency of erratic motion is difficult to apprehend. From irregular and unexpected movements in dance to the variable tempos of cell motility, this paper considers how arrhythmic choreography recalibrates the agency of matter, objects, bodies and environments.
On the Nature of the Background Behind Mona Lisa
Authors: Carbon Claus-Christian , Hesslinger Vera M.
Published: January 2015

One of the many questions surrounding Leonardo’s Mona Lisa concerns the landscape visible in the portrait’s background: Does it depict an imagination of Leonardo’s mind, a real world landscape or the motif of a plane canvas that hung in Leonardo’s studio, behind the sitter? By analyzing divergences between the Mona Lisa and her Prado double that was painted in parallel but from another perspective the authors found mathematical evidence for the motif-canvas hypothesis: The landscape in the Prado version is 10% increased but otherwise nearly identical with the Louvre one, which indicates both painters used the same plane motif-canvas as reference.
Cladocolea kuijtii (Loranthaceae) a new species from Mexico
Authors: Martínez Emmanuel , Cruz Ramiro
Published: January 2015

A new species of Cladocolea, from Guerrero, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Cladocolea kuijtii is morphologically similar to C. hintonii, but it differs by its obovate to orbicular leaves, bracts persistent, female flowers pentamerous or hexamerous, straight style and linear-lobed stigma.
A new species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) from Baili Rhododendron nature reserve, NW Guizhou, China
Authors: Ma Yongpeng , CHAMBERLAIN David , Sun Weibang , Zhang Cahngqin
Published: January 2015

Rhododendron Linnaeus (1753: 392) is one of the largest genera in the family of Ericaceae, which is subject to much ongoing taxonomic debate. About 1,025 species are recognized; these are distributed from the northern temperate zone, throughout tropical Southeast Asia, to northeastern Australia (Chamberlain et al. 1996). In China, there are 571 species classified in 6 subgenera, of which 405 species are endemic (Fang et al. 2005). Apart from Xinjiang and Ningxia, Rhododendrons have been documented in all other provinces (Ma et al. 2014; Wu et al. 2005).
Validation of Plagiochila fracta nomen nudum (Jungermanniopsida). East African bryophytes XXXI.
Authors: Pocs Tamas
Published: January 2015

The nomen nudum Plagiochila fracta Pócs was used for a species collected by Patricia Geissler during March of 1999 in Madagascar. The name was used in three publications, but was never properly and validly described. The aim of this paper is to provide a full description to this peculiar species, which seems to be endemic to the north-western region of Madagascar.
Oreocharis tsaii, a new species of Gesneriaceae from southern Yunnan, China
Authors: YunHong TAN , JIANWU LI , JIANTAO YIN
Published: January 2015

Oreocharis tsaii, a new species of Gesneriaceae from southern Yunnan, China, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to O. hirsuta and O. aurea, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by its smaller cordate to ovate leaves; cymes with 1–5 flowers, corolla tube narrowing gradually from base to throat, constricted at the throat, corolla lobes mostly more than half as long as the tube; filaments sparsely glandular-pubescent and pilose, style sparsely glandular-pubescent.
Seasonal Forecasting of Global Hydrologic Extremes: System Development and Evaluation over GEWEX Basins
Authors: Yuan Xing , Roundy Joshua K. , Wood Eric F. , Sheffield Justin
Published: January 2015

Seasonal hydrologic extremes in the form of droughts and wet spells have devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Improving understanding and predictive capability of hydrologic extremes, and facilitating adaptations through establishing climate service systems at regional to global scales are among the grand challenges proposed by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and are the core themes of the Regional Hydroclimate Projects (RHP) under the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). An experimental global seasonal hydrologic forecasting system has been developed that is based on coupled climate forecast models participating in the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) project and an advanced land surface hydrologic model. The system is evaluated over major GEWEX RHP river basins by comparing with ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP). The multimodel seasonal forecast system provides higher detectability for soil moisture droughts, more reliable low and high f low ensemble forecasts, and better “real time” prediction for the 2012 North American extreme drought. The association of the onset of extreme hydrologic events with oceanic and land precursors is also investigated based on the joint distribution of forecasts and observations. Climate models have a higher probability of missing the onset of hydrologic extremes when there is no oceanic precursor. But oceanic precursor alone is insufficient to guarantee a correct forecast—a land precursor is also critical in avoiding a false alarm for forecasting extremes. This study is targeted at providing the scientific underpinning for the predictability of hydrologic extremes over GEWEX RHP basins and serves as a prototype for seasonal hydrologic forecasts within the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS).
Precursor Environmental Conditions Associated with the Termination of Madden–Julian Oscillation Events
Authors: Stachnik Justin P. , Waliser Duane E. , Majda Andrew J.
Published: January 2015

This study presents an analysis of the precursor environmental conditions related to the termination of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events. A simple climatology is created using a real-time MJO monitoring index, documenting the locations and frequencies of MJO decay. Lead–lag composites of several atmospheric variables including temperature, moisture, and intraseasonal wind anomalies are generated from three reanalyses. There is remarkable agreement among the datasets with long-term, lower-tropospheric moisture deficits over the local domain best identifying termination events over the Indian Ocean. MJO termination in the Indian Ocean is also linked to a northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) with possible lead times as much as 20 days prior to MJO decay.

Statistically significant differences in the low-level vertical velocity and specific humidity are also identified more than 10 days in advance of MJO termination events in the western Pacific, though the differences here are more symmetric about the equator. Unlike the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, MJOs that terminate over the Maritime Continent appear to be related to their own intensity rather than the downstream conditions. As such, only the strongest MJOs tend to propagate into the warm pool region.

Finally, a budget analysis is performed on the three-dimensional moisture advection equation in order to better elucidate what time scales and physical mechanisms are most important for MJO termination. The combination of intraseasonal vertical circulation anomalies coupled with the mean-state specific humidity best explain the anomalous moisture patterns associated with MJO termination, suggesting that the downstream influence of the MJO circulation can eventually lead to its future demise.
Evaluation of WRF Mesoscale Climate Simulations over the Tibetan Plateau during 1979–2011
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Xu Jianwei , Chen Deliang
Published: January 2015

To develop a finescale dataset for the purpose of analyzing historical climatic change over the Tibet Plateau (TP), a high-resolution regional climate simulation for 1979–2011 was conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model driven by the ERA-Interim (ERA-Int). This work evaluates the high-resolution (30 km) WRF simulation in terms of annual variation, spatial structure, and 33-yr temporal trends of surface air temperature (Tair) and precipitation (Prec) over the TP, with reference to station observations. Another focus is on the examination of the height–temperature relationship. Inheriting from its forcing, the WRF simulation presents an apparent cold bias in the TP. The cold bias is largely reduced by a lapse rate correction of the simulated surface air temperature with help of the station and model elevations. ERA-Int presents the same sign of Tair and Prec trends as the observations, but with smaller magnitude, especially in the dry season. Compared to its forcing, the WRF simulation improves the simulation of the annual cycles and temporal trends of Tair and Prec in the wet season. In the dry season, however, there is hardly any improvement. The observed Tair presents a downward linear trend in the lapse rate. This feature is examined in the WRF simulation in comparison to ERA-Int. The WRF simulation captures the observed lapse rate and its temporal trend better than ERA-Int. The decreasing lapse rate over time confirms that Tair change in the TP is elevation dependent.