bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second priority of care: sensitive communication and terminology
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: January 2015

The Liverpool Care Pathway has been recently phased out in favour of new priorities of care. In her regular column, Aysha Mendes delves into the rapidly evolving world of end-of-life care and explores what it all means for renal nurses who are caring for patients with end-stage renal disease.
Renal anaemia and iron deficiency: introducing the PIVOTAL trial
Authors: Lumsdon Angela
Published: January 2015

Iron deficiency and anaemia are often associated with chronic kidney disease and can lead to significant fatigue, altered cognitive function and a reduced quality of life. In November 2013, Kidney Research UK began coordinating the PIVOTAL trial—the largest renal clinical trial ever undertaken in the UK. Angela Lumsdon explains the rationale behind the study.
The rising mental health crisis
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: January 2015

In a new series of articles, Dr Stephanie Thornton tackles the mental health crisis, with a focus on practical steps schools can take to support pupils. Here, she discusses the scale of the problems and the reasons behind them
Do surgical trainees know how to administer local anaesthetic and deal with toxicity?
Authors: Blucher N , Pefanis D , Janes C , Ahluwalia R
Published: January 2015

How junior surgeons measure up against their anaesthetic counterparts.
Unobtrusive and comprehensive health screening using an intelligent toilet system
Authors: Schlebusch Thomas , Fichtner Wolfgang , Mertig Michael , Leonhardt Steffen
Published: January 2015

Home monitoring is a promising technology to deal with the increasing amount of chronically ill patients while ensuring quality of medical care. Most systems available today depend on a high degree of interaction between the user and the device. Especially for people relying on advanced levels of care, this scheme is impracticable. In this paper, we are presenting an “intelligent toilet” performing an extensive health check while being as simple to use as a conventional toilet. The main focus of the system is to support the treatment of diabetes and chronic heart failure, but additional applications are possible.
Political Advertising in 2014: The Year of the Outside Group
Authors: Fowler Erika Franklin , Ridout Travis N.
Published: January 2015

The volume of televised political advertising plateaued in 2014, as did levels of negativity. Yet the most interesting story about this advertising was the extensive involvement of outside groups, many of which did not disclose their donors. In many of the most competitive Senate races, groups surpassed the parties – and sometimes even the candidates – as the primary sponsors of political advertising. We speculate on what these patterns from 2014 are likely to mean for advertising in 2016.
Still Crazy after All These Years: The Polarized Politics of the Roberts Court Continue
Authors: Clayton Cornell W. , Salamone Michael F.
Published: January 2015

This article examines the Roberts Court and its relationship to the Obama administration following the 2014 midterm election. We begin by analyzing how the Court has been structured by electoral politics during the past 40 years, arguing that the Court’s more conservative, divided, and polarized decision-making reflects the politics of the post-1968 electoral regime. We then consider the impact of the 2014 midterm election. Republican control of the Senate will constrain the president’s ability to shape the federal courts going forward. It will most likely leave the composition of the current Supreme Court intact, leave Justice Kennedy as the pivotal swing vote, while elevating the Court as a campaign issue in the 2016 presidential election.
Homogeneous Sono-Fenton Process: Statistical Modeling and Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Căilean Daniela , Ungureanu Florina , Teodosiu Carmen
Published: January 2015

The main objective of this study is to obtain and validate a mathematical model to describe a complex homogeneous Sono-Fenton (HSF) process used for the removal of 4-chlorophenol model pollutant from aqueous effluents. The investigated process parameters (acoustic amplitude, power density depending on the surface of the tip, initial pollutant concentration and time) serve as input parameters for the statistical modeling, while the output parameters considered are the final pollutant concentration and energy delivered to the sample. The accuracy of the models is analyzed by the values of the determination coefficients and by graphical tools available in MATLAB software such as: the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS test), the graphical sensitivity tools, e.g. contribution to the sample mean (CSM) and variance (CSV) plots. The robustness of the model is also analyzed by global sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the optimum set of operating conditions are determined by using the nlintool function.
Nucleation of Carbon Monoxide Gas Bubbles in Electromagnetically Levitated Molten Iron Drops
Authors: Robertson David G. C.
Published: January 2015

Dr El-Kaddah used the electromagnetic levitation technique in a number of experimental studies on gas–liquid metal reactions and “containerless melting”. He also studied the electromagnetic levitation process itself, using computer simulation. This paper will discuss two phenomena that Dr El-Kaddah worked on that are still unresolved today – gas bubble nucleation in liquid metals and the degree of mixing in levitated drops.
Propagating Waves Can Explain Irregular Neural Dynamics
Authors: Keane Adam , Gong Pulin
Published: January 2015

Cortical neuronsin vivofire quite irregularly. Previous studies about the origin of such irregular neural dynamics have given rise to two major models: a balanced excitation and inhibition model, and a model of highly synchronized synaptic inputs. To elucidate the network mechanisms underlying synchronized synaptic inputs and account for irregular neural dynamics, we investigate a spatially extended, conductance-based spiking neural network model. We show that propagating wave patterns with complex dynamics emerge from the network model. These waves sweep past neurons, to which they provide highly synchronized synaptic inputs. On the other hand, these patterns only emerge from the network with balanced excitation and inhibition; our model therefore reconciles the two major models of irregular neural dynamics. We further demonstrate that the collective dynamics of propagating wave patterns provides a mechanistic explanation for a range of irregular neural dynamics, including the variability of spike timing, slow firing rate fluctuations, and correlated membrane potential fluctuations. In addition, in our model, the distributions of synaptic conductance and membrane potential are non-Gaussian, consistent with recent experimental data obtained using whole-cell recordings. Our work therefore relates the propagating waves that have been widely observed in the brain to irregular neural dynamics. These results demonstrate that neural firing activity, although appearing highly disordered at the single-neuron level, can form dynamical coherent structures, such as propagating waves at the population level.
Neural Decoding Reveals Impaired Face Configural Processing in the Right Fusiform Face Area of Individuals with Developmental Prosopagnosia
Authors: Zhang Jiedong , Liu Jia , Xu Yaoda
Published: January 2015

Most of human daily social interactions rely on the ability to successfully recognize faces. Yet ∼2% of the human population suffers from face blindness without any acquired brain damage [this is also known as developmental prosopagnosia (DP) or congenital prosopagnosia]). Despite the presence of severe behavioral face recognition deficits, surprisingly, a majority of DP individuals exhibit normal face selectivity in the right fusiform face area (FFA), a key brain region involved in face configural processing. This finding, together with evidence showing impairments downstream from the right FFA in DP individuals, has led some to argue that perhaps the right FFA is largely intact in DP individuals. Using fMRI multivoxel pattern analysis, here we report the discovery of a neural impairment in the right FFA of DP individuals that may play a critical role in mediating their face-processing deficits. In seven individuals with DP, we discovered that, despite the right FFA's preference for faces and it showing decoding for the different face parts, it exhibited impaired face configural decoding and did not contain distinct neural response patterns for the intact and the scrambled face configurations. This abnormality was not present throughout the ventral visual cortex, as normal neural decoding was found in an adjacent object-processing region. To our knowledge, this is the first direct neural evidence showing impaired face configural processing in the right FFA in individuals with DP. The discovery of this neural impairment provides a new clue to our understanding of the neural basis of DP.
Local Morphology Predicts Functional Organization of Experienced Value Signals in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Li Yansong , Sescousse Guillaume , Amiez Céline , Dreher Jean-Claude
Published: January 2015

Experienced value representations within the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are thought to be organized through an antero-posterior gradient corresponding to secondary versus primary rewards. Whether this gradient depends upon specific morphological features within this region, which displays considerable intersubject variability, remains unknown. To test the existence of such relationships, we performed a subject-by-subject analysis of fMRI data taking into account the local morphology of each individual. We tested 38 subjects engaged in a simple incentive delay task manipulating both monetary and visual erotic rewards, focusing on reward outcome (experienced value signal). The results showed reliable and dissociable primary (erotic) and secondary (monetary) experienced value signals at specific OFC sulci locations. More specifically, experienced value signal induced by monetary reward outcome was systematically located in the rostral portion of the medial orbital sulcus. Experienced value signal related to erotic reward outcome was located more posteriorly, that is, at the intersection between the caudal portion of the medial orbital sulcus and transverse orbital sulcus. Thus, the localizations of distinct experienced value signals can be predicted from the organization of the human orbitofrontal sulci. This study provides insights into the anatomo-functional parcellation of the anteroposterior OFC gradient observed for secondary versus primary rewards because there is a direct relationship between value signals at the time of reward outcome and unique OFC sulci locations.
Frontal Eye Fields Control Attentional Modulation of Alpha and Gamma Oscillations in Contralateral Occipitoparietal Cortex
Authors: Marshall Tom R. , O'Shea Jacinta , Jensen Ole , Bergmann Til O.
Published: January 2015

Covertly directing visuospatial attention produces a frequency-specific modulation of neuronal oscillations in occipital and parietal cortices: anticipatory alpha (8–12 Hz) power decreases contralateral and increases ipsilateral to attention, whereas stimulus-induced gamma (>40 Hz) power is boosted contralaterally and attenuated ipsilaterally. These modulations must be under top-down control; however, the control mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here we investigated the causal contribution of the human frontal eye field (FEF) by combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with subsequent magnetoencephalography. Following inhibitory theta burst stimulation to the left FEF, right FEF, or vertex, participants performed a visual discrimination task requiring covert attention to either visual hemifield. Both left and right FEF TMS caused marked attenuation of alpha modulation in the occipitoparietal cortex. Notably, alpha modulation was consistently reduced in the hemisphere contralateral to stimulation, leaving the ipsilateral hemisphere relatively unaffected. Additionally, right FEF TMS enhanced gamma modulation in left visual cortex. Behaviorally, TMS caused a relative slowing of response times to targets contralateral to stimulation during the early task period. Our results suggest that left and right FEF are causally involved in the attentional top-down control of anticipatory alpha power in the contralateral visual system, whereas a right-hemispheric dominance seems to exist for control of stimulus-induced gamma power. These findings contrast the assumption of primarily intrahemispheric connectivity between FEF and parietal cortex, emphasizing the relevance of interhemispheric interactions. The contralaterality of effects may result from a transient functional reorganization of the dorsal attention network after inhibition of either FEF.
Recollection-Related Increases in Functional Connectivity Predict Individual Differences in Memory Accuracy
Authors: King Danielle R. , de Chastelaine Marianne , Elward Rachael L. , Wang Tracy H. , Rugg Michael D.
Published: January 2015

Recollection involves retrieving specific contextual details about a prior event. Functional neuroimaging studies have identified several brain regions that are consistently more active during successful versus failed recollection—the “core recollection network.” In the present study, we investigated whether these regions demonstrate recollection-related increases not only in activity but also in functional connectivity in healthy human adults. We used fMRI to compare time-series correlations during successful versus unsuccessful recollection in three separate experiments, each using a different operational definition of recollection. Across experiments, a broadly distributed set of regions consistently exhibited recollection-related increases in connectivity with different members of the core recollection network. Regions that demonstrated this effect included both recollection-sensitive regions and areas where activity did not vary as a function of recollection success. In addition, in all three experiments the magnitude of connectivity increases correlated across individuals with recollection accuracy in areas diffusely distributed throughout the brain. These findings suggest that enhanced functional interactions between distributed brain regions are a signature of successful recollection. In addition, these findings demonstrate that examining dynamic modulations in functional connectivity during episodic retrieval will likely provide valuable insight into neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in memory performance.
Direct Physiologic Evidence of a Heteromodal Convergence Region for Proper Naming in Human Left Anterior Temporal Lobe
Authors: Abel Taylor J. , Rhone Ariane E. , Nourski Kirill V. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Oya Hiroyuki , Griffiths Timothy D. , Howard Matthew A. , Tranel Daniel
Published: January 2015

Retrieving the names of friends, loved ones, and famous people is a fundamental human ability. This ability depends on the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), where lesions can be associated with impaired naming of people regardless of modality (e.g., picture or voice). This finding has led to the idea that the left ATL is a modality-independent convergence region for proper naming. Hypotheses for how proper-name dispositions are organized within the left ATL include both a single modality-independent (heteromodal) convergence region and spatially discrete modality-dependent (unimodal) regions. Here we show direct electrophysiologic evidence that the left ATL is heteromodal for proper-name retrieval. Using intracranial recordings placed directly on the surface of the left ATL in human subjects, we demonstrate nearly identical responses to picture and voice stimuli of famous U.S. politicians during a naming task. Our results demonstrate convergent and robust large-scale neurophysiologic responses to picture and voice naming in the human left ATL. This finding supports the idea of heteromodal (i.e., transmodal) dispositions for proper naming in the left ATL.
Trade-Off between Information Format and Capacity in the Olfactory System
Authors: Aldworth Zane N. , Stopfer Mark A.
Published: January 2015

As information about the sensory environment passes between layers within the nervous system, the format of the information often changes. To examine how information format affects the capacity of neurons to represent stimuli, we measured the rate of information transmission in olfactory neurons in intact, awake locusts (Schistocerca americana) while pharmacologically manipulating patterns of correlated neuronal activity. Blocking the periodic inhibition underlying odor-elicited neural oscillatory synchronization increased information transmission rates. This suggests oscillatory synchrony, which serves other information processing roles, comes at a cost to the speed with which neurons can transmit information. Our results provide an example of a trade-off between benefits and costs in neural information processing.
Functional Consequences of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density in Humans across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Nazeri Arash , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Rotenberg David J. , Rajji Tarek K. , Rathi Yogesh , Michailovich Oleg V. , Voineskos Aristotle N.
Published: January 2015

As humans age, a characteristic pattern of widespread neocortical dendritic disruption coupled with compensatory effects in hippocampus and other subcortical structures is shown in postmortem investigations. It is now possible to address age-related effects on gray matter (GM) neuritic organization and density in humans using multishell diffusion-weighted MRI and the neurite-orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model. In 45 healthy individuals across the adult lifespan (21–84 years), we used a multishell diffusion imaging and the NODDI model to assess the intraneurite volume fraction and neurite orientation-dispersion index (ODI) in GM tissues. We also determined the functional correlates of variations in GM microstructure by obtaining resting-state fMRI and behavioral data. We found a significant age-related deficit in neocortical ODI (most prominently in frontoparietal regions), whereas increased ODI was observed in hippocampus and cerebellum with advancing age. Neocortical ODI outperformed cortical thickness and white matter fractional anisotropy for the prediction of chronological age in the same individuals. Higher GM ODI sampled from resting-state networks with known age-related susceptibility (default mode and visual association networks) was associated with increased functional connectivity of these networks, whereas the task-positive networks tended to show no association or even decreased connectivity. Frontal pole ODI mediated the negative relationship of age with executive function, whereas hippocampal ODI mediated the positive relationship of age with executive function. Ourin vivofindings align very closely with the postmortem data and provide evidence for vulnerability and compensatory neural mechanisms of aging in GM microstructure that have functional and cognitive impactin vivo.
Spontaneous Activity Does Not Predict Morphological Type in Cerebellar Interneurons
Authors: Haar Shlomi , Givon-Mayo Ronit , Barmack Neal H. , Yakhnitsa Vadim , Donchin Opher
Published: January 2015

The effort to determine morphological and anatomically defined neuronal characteristics from extracellularly recorded physiological signatures has been attempted with varying success in different brain areas. Recent studies have attempted such classification of cerebellar interneurons (CINs) based on statistical measures of spontaneous activity. Previously, such efforts in different brain areas have used supervised clustering methods based on standard parameterizations of spontaneous interspike interval (ISI) histograms. We worried that this might bias researchers toward positive identification results and decided to take a different approach. We recorded CINs from anesthetized cats. We used unsupervised clustering methods applied to a nonparametric representation of the ISI histograms to identify groups of CINs with similar spontaneous activity and then asked how these groups map onto different cell types. Our approach was a fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm applied to the Kullbach–Leibler distances between ISI histograms. We found that there is, in fact, a natural clustering of the spontaneous activity of CINs into six groups but that there was no relationship between this clustering and the standard morphologically defined cell types. These results proved robust when generalization was tested to completely new datasets, including datasets recorded under different anesthesia conditions and in different laboratories and different species (rats). Our results suggest the importance of an unsupervised approach in categorizing neurons according to their extracellular activity. Indeed, a reexamination of such categorization efforts throughout the brain may be necessary. One important open question is that of functional differences of our six spontaneously defined clusters during actual behavior.
Alpha and Beta Band Event-Related Desynchronization Reflects Kinematic Regularities
Authors: Meirovitch Yaron , Harris Hila , Dayan Eran , Arieli Amos , Flash Tamar
Published: January 2015

The short-lasting attenuation of brain oscillations is termed event-related desynchronization (ERD). It is frequently found in the alpha and beta bands in humans during generation, observation, and imagery of movement and is considered to reflect cortical motor activity and action-perception coupling. The shared information driving ERD in all these motor-related behaviors is unknown. We investigated whether particular laws governing production and perception of curved movement may account for the attenuation of alpha and beta rhythms. Human movement appears to be governed by relatively few kinematic laws of motion. One dominant law in biological motion kinematics is the 2/3 power law (PL), which imposes a strong dependency of movement speed on curvature and is prominent in action-perception coupling. Here we directly examined whether the 2/3 PL elicits ERD during motion observation by characterizing the spatiotemporal signature of ERD. ERDs were measured while human subjects observed a cloud of dots moving along elliptical trajectories either complying with or violating the 2/3 PL. We found that ERD within both frequency bands was consistently stronger, arose faster, and was more widespread while observing motion obeying the 2/3 PL. An activity pattern showing clear 2/3 PL preference and lying within the alpha band was observed exclusively above central motor areas, whereas 2/3 PL preference in the beta band was observed in additional prefrontal–central cortical sites. Our findings reveal that compliance with the 2/3 PL is sufficient to elicit a selective ERD response in the human brain.
ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Progressive metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: first- and second-line strategies
Authors: Links Thera P , Verbeek Hans H G , Hofstra Robert M W , Plukker John Th M
Published: January 2015

The treatment for metastasised medullary thyroid cancer is still a topic of discussion. One of the main challenges remains to find effective adjuvant and palliative options for patients with metastatic disease. The diagnostic and treatment strategies for this tumour are discussed and possible new developments commented. Approaches that target rearranged during transfection (RET) are preferable to those that target RET downstream proteins as, theoretically, blocking RET downstream targets will block only one of the many pathways activated by RET. Combining several agents would seem to be more promising, in particular agents that target RET with those that independently target RET signalling pathways or the more general mechanism of tumour progression.
Ppp2ca knockout in mice spermatogenesis
Authors: Pan Xiaoyun , Chen Xia , Tong Xin , Tang Chao , Li Jianmin
Published: January 2015

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase involved in meiosis, mitosis, sperm capacitation, and apoptosis. Abberant activity of PP2A has been associated with a number of diseases. The homolog PPP2CA and PPP2CB can each function as the phosphatase catalytic subunit generally referred to as PP2AC. We generated a Ppp2ca conditional knockout (CKO) in C57BL/6J mice. Exon 2 of Ppp2ca was knocked out in a spatial or temporal-specific manner in primordial germ cells at E12.5. This Ppp2ca-null mutation caused infertility in male C57BL/6J mice. These CKO mice provide a powerful tool to study the mechanisms of Ppp2ca in development and disease.
Aves, The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
Authors: Wiedenfeld David A.
Published: January 2015

Although the Galapagos avifauna has been described previously, it is necessary to list, clarify, and update the previously published records of birds occurring in the archipelago, and to clarify some recent records that are erroneous or were presented with none or few details. The list of breeding (including endemic species and subspecies and non-endemic breeding species) and regular migrant species totals only 88 species, although including the 57 vagrant species, the number is 145 species. However, endemism in Galapagos is quite high, with half (50%) of the regular avifauna being endemic at the species or subspecies level. If only land birds are considered, the endemism levels are much higher, with 70% of land bird species being endemic, and 58% of the “regular” seabirds being endemic as well. It is hoped this article will stimulate other ornithologists and observers who may have additional records to come forth with their information.
Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae, Eleutherodactylus repens: distribution extension
Authors: Rojas-R. Maria Alejandra , Gutiérrez-C. Paul David
Published: January 2015

None
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Dendropsophus ruschii (Weygoldt & Peixoto, 1987): Rediscovery of Ruschi’s treefrog in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant in Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Peloso Pedro Luiz , Gasparini João Luiz
Published: January 2015

None
Amphibia, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus caatingae: geographical distribution extension
Authors: Vieira Washington Luiz da Silva , Arzabe Cristina , Vieira Kleber Da Silva
Published: January 2015

None
Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae, Lepidoblepharis williamsi: distribution extension
Authors: Gutiérrez-C. Paul D. , Daza-R. Juan Manuel
Published: January 2015

None
Mammalia, Rodentia, Echimyidae, Phyllomys blainvilii (Jourdan, 1837): range extension and new geographic distribution map
Authors: Campos Bruno Augusto Torres Parahyba , Percequillo Alexandre Reis
Published: January 2015

None
Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, Centrolene balionotum, Centrolene geckoideum, and Cochranella cariticommata: distribution extension, new provincial records, Ecuador
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Yánez-Muñoz Mario
Published: January 2015

None
Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) of Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A.
Authors: McCafferty W. P.
Published: January 2015

The Ephemeroptera (Insecta) fauna of Yellowstone National Park consists of 46 species in 24 genera among eight families. These species are listed, and fifteen of the species (including collection data) are reported for the first time. Another 13 species have been taken adjacent to the park in Wyoming and Montana and noted as expected to occur in the park.
Insecta, Ephemeroptera: transcontinental range extensions in western North America
Authors: McCafferty W. P. , Meyer M. D.
Published: January 2015

None
Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Proceratophrys bigibbosa: distribution extension for Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Zanella Noeli , Busin Carmen Silvia
Published: January 2015

None
Paulo Freire e a produção de subjetividades democráticas: da recusa do dirigismo à promoção da autonomia
Authors: Dullo Eduardo
Published: January 2015

Em sua tese de 1959, Paulo Freire interpretou o Brasil a partir de uma "antinomia fundamental": à "emergência do povo na vida pública" não corresponderia uma adequada "disposição mental" para agir, pois essa população seria "inexperiente" em regimes democráticos. O objetivo deste texto é analisar a proposta pedagógica de Freire como uma saída para esse problema histórico nacional, apontando-o como a tentativa de produção de subjetividades democráticas, cidadãs. Para isso, centra-se a discussão em torno de dois conceitos, o de dirigismo e o de autonomia, e sugere-se uma interpretação de Freire em dois níveis hierarquizados: em um há uma relação horizontal de troca dialógica e em outro, englobante, há uma relação vertical de transformação dos "dispositivos mentais". Aponta-se, a partir de pesquisa documental sobre a "Experiência de Angicos", como a tensão entre esses dois níveis constituiu a principal dificuldade encontrada - a de produzir autonomia a partir de uma relação de autoridade.
Contribuição do pensamento de Paulo Freire para o paradigma curricular crítico-emancipatório
Authors: Menezes Marilia Gabriela de , Santiago Maria Eliete
Published: January 2015

Filósofos, educadores e curriculistas, comprometidos com o paradigma da educação emancipatória de vários países, compartilham a ideia de que o pensamento de Paulo Freire está sempre em movimento e dialoga com diferentes questões contemporâneas, assim como traz elementos norteadores para a construção da teoria curricular crítica e eticamente empenhada na humanização dos sujeitos. Nessa direção, o presente artigo analisa os elementos que configuram a proposta educacional libertadora e o diálogo como uma das categorias fundantes do pensar freireano para tratar das questões sobre o currículo na perspectiva crítico-emancipatória. A pesquisa privilegia a abordagem de natureza qualitativa e elege, como procedimento investigativo, o estudo bibliográfico. Para a análise dos dados, toma como referência a técnica de Análise Temática na perspectiva de Laurence Bardin.
A gestão de Paulo Freire à frente da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo (1989 - 1991) e suas consequências
Authors: Franco Dalva de Souza
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho tem por objetivo retomar a gestão de Paulo Freire à frente da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) da Prefeitura de São Paulo, nos anos de 1989 a 1991, e realizar uma análise das propostas políticas para a construção de uma educação democrática. Para que o município tivesse uma reorganização de suas ações em favor de uma educação de qualidade foram traçados quatro eixos, perseguidos durante toda aquela gestão, 1. Democratização da gestão. 2. Acesso e permanência. 3. Qualidade da educação. 4. Educação de jovens e adultos. O texto descreve o desenvolvimento dessa gestão, assim como as contribuições do educador Paulo Freire para a continuidade de uma educação de qualidade, para além daquela necessária à rede municipal de São Paulo, tendo em vista a importância da educação democrática em todos os espaços da sociedade.
A revista O Pequeno Luterano e a circulação nas escolas paroquiais luteranas no Rio Grande do Sul (1930-1966)
Authors: Weiduschadt Patricia
Published: January 2015

Este artigo aborda a inserção da revista O Pequeno Luterano nas escolas paroquiais na região meridional do Rio Grande do Sul, orientadas pela instituição luterana do Sínodo de Missouri, atual IELB (1930-1966). O impresso era destinado ao público infantil e, mesmo não sendo editado como material didático, legitimou-se no espaço escolar. A validação na escola, em parte, consolidou-se em virtude dos objetivos e dos conteúdos reforçados pela edição da revista: educação doutrinária, interlocução com os leitores, educação cívica, orientação aos professores. O conjunto de dados analisados permite afirmar que o impresso foi um forte veículo informativo e educativo utilizado nas escolas paroquiais, demarcando e constituindo - em especial, pela interlocução institucional da revista com a realidade educacional - uma educação doutrinária entre leitores aos quais se destinou.
Acanthoceras and Urosolenia species (Diatomeae) in subtropical reservoirs from South Brazil: Ultrastructure, distribution and autoecology
Authors: Tremarin Priscila Izabel , Freire Eduardo Gomes , Algarte Vanessa Majewski , Ludwig Thelma Veiga
Published: January 2015

Acanthoceras Honigmann and Urosolenia Round & Crawford emend. Rott, Kling & McGregor species were studied based on samples of 19 hydroelectric power plants reservoirs located in the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Autoecological informations of Urosolenia species complement the study. One Acanthoceras and four Urosolenia species were identified: A. zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen, U. amazonica Sala, Núãez-Avellaneda & Vouilloud, U. eriensis var. morsa (West & G.S.West) Bukhtiyarova, U. longiseta Zacharias and U. obesa Freire, Tremarin & Ludwig. Morphological variation of frustules was described and illustrated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with similar species such as U. delicatissima Sala, Núãez-Avellaneda & Vouilloud and U. eriensis var. eriensis (H.L.Smith) Round & Crawford. The pioneer record of U. amazonica to Brazil and unprecedent details of the ultrastructure of A. zachariasii and U. longiseta are included in this study. Cellular densities differed among evaluated reservoirs showing strong correlations with inorganic nitrogen concentrations, N/P ratio and temperature. The results suggested higher densities in periods of warmer temperatures and low availability of the nitrogen compounds and confirmed that species respond strongly to local environmental gradients.
Bioethical conflicts of gene therapy: a brief critical review
Authors: Freire José Ednésio da Cruz , Medeiros Suelen Carneiro de , Lopes Neto Antônio Viana , Monteiro Júnior José Edvar , Sousa Antônio Juscelino Sudário , Rocha Antônio José , Menezes Léa Maria Bezerra de
Published: January 2015

Methods and techniques employed in gene therapy are reviewed in parallel with pertinent ethical conflicts. Clinical interventions based on gene therapy techniques preferentially use vectors for the transportation of therapeutic genes, however little is known about the potential risks and damages to the patient. Thus, attending carefully to the clinical complications arising as well as to security is essential. Despite the scientific and technological advances, there are still many uncertainties about the side effects of gene therapy. Moreover, there is a need, above all, to understand the principles of bioethics as both science and ethics, in accordance with its socioecological responsibility, in order to prioritize the health and welfare of man and nature, using properly natural resources and technology. Therefore, it is hard to determine objective results and to which extent the insertion of genes can affect the organism, as well as the ethical implication
Estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fontela Paula Caitano , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli , Ott Joice Nedel , Uggeri Douglas Prestes
Published: January 2015

Objective: to estimate the glomerular filtration using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations, and serum creatinine in the screening of reduced renal function in patients with type two diabetes (T2DM) enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (ESF, Brazilian federal health-care program). Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted. The protocol consisted of sociodemographics, physical examination and biochemical tests. Renal function was analyzed through serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated according to the CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, available on the websites of the Brazilian Nephrology Society (SBN) and the (NKF). Results: 146 patients aged 60.9±8.9 years were evaluated; 64.4% were women. The prevalence of serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dL was 18.5% and GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 totaled 25.3, 36.3 and 34.2% when evaluated by the equations CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI, respectively. Diabetic patients with reduced renal function were older, had long-term T2DM diagnosis, higher systolic blood pressure and higher levels of fasting glucose, compared to diabetics with normal renal function. Creatinine showed strong negative correlation with the glomerular filtration rate estimated using CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI (-0.64, -0.87, -0.89) equations, respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of individuals with reduced renal function based on serum creatinine was lower, reinforcing the need to follow the recommendations of the SBN and the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) in estimating the value of the glomerular filtration rate as a complement to the results of serum creatinine to better assess the renal function of patients.
Doppler flowmetry of ophthalmic arteries for prediction of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Aquino Larissa Oliveira de , Leite Henrique Vítor , Cabral Antônio Carlos Vieira , Brandão Augusto Henriques F.
Published: January 2015

Background: central nervous system (CNS) hyperperfusion is one of the events that constitute the pathophysiological basis for the clinical manifestations and complications of pre-eclampsia (PE). Detecting the increased flow in the CNS through Doppler flowmetry of the ophthalmic artery might precede the clinical onset of PE and could be used as a marker for subsequent development of PE. Objective: to evaluate the ophthalmic artery resistive index (OARI) values in the second trimester of pregnancy for prediction of the clinical manifestations of PE. Objective: to evaluate the ophthalmic artery resistive index (OARI) values in the second trimester of pregnancy for prediction of the clinical manifestations of PE. Methods: a total of 73 patients with risk factors for the development of PE were selected from the prenatal service at the HC-UFMG. They were submitted to ophthalmic artery Doppler flowmetry between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy and monitored until the end of the pregnancy to verify the occurrence of PE. ROC curves were created to determine the predictive characteristics of the OARI. Results: fourteen of the patients selected developed PE and 59 remained normotensive until the postpartum period. Patients with subsequent development of PE presented OARI values lower than patients that remained normotensive (0.682±0.028 X 0.700±0.029, p=0.044). Considering the development of PE as an outcome, the area under the OARI curve was 0.694 (CI 0.543 to 0.845), with no points obtaining good values of sensitivity or specificity. Conclusion: Doppler flowmetry of ophthalmic arteries between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy did not present itself as a good exam for predicting PE.
Profile and scientific production of the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) researchers in the field of Hematology/Oncology
Authors: Oliveira Maria Christina Lopes Araujo , Martelli Daniella Reis , Quirino Isabel Gomes , Colosimo Enrico Antônio , Silva Ana Cristina Simões e , Martelli Júnior Hercílio , Oliveira Eduardo Araujo de
Published: January 2015

Objective: several studies have examined the academic production of the researchers at the CNPq, in several areas of knowledge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific production of researchers in Hematology/Oncology who hold scientific productivity grants from the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Methods: the Academic CVs of 28 researchers in Hematology/Oncology with active grants in the three-year period from 2006 to 2008 were included in the analysis. The variables of interest were: institution, researchers’ time after doctorate, tutoring of undergraduate students, masters and PhD degree, scientific production and its impact. Results: from a total of 411 researchers in Medicine, 28 (7%) were identified as being in the area of Hematology/Oncology. There was a slight predominance of males (53.6%) and grant holders in category 1. Three Brazilian states are responsible for approximately 90% of the researchers: São Paulo (21,75%), Rio de Janeiro (3,11%), and Minas Gerais (2, 7%). During their academic careers, the researchers published 2,655 articles, with a median of 87 articles per researcher (IQR = 52 to 122). 65 and 78% of this total were indexed on the Web of Science and Scopus databases, respectively. The researchers received 14,247 citations on the WoS database with a median of 385 citations per researcher. The average number of citations per article was 8.2. Conclusion: in this investigation, it was noted that researchers in the field of Hematology/Oncology have a relevant scientific output from the point of view of quantity and quality compared to other medical specialties.
Intake of antioxidants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Silva Bruna Nolasco Siqueira , Araújo Ísis Lucília Santos Borges de , Queiroz Pedrita Mirella Albuquerque , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Burgos Maria Goretti Pessoa de Araújo
Published: January 2015

Objective: to investigate dietary intake of antioxidants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: this is a cross-sectional case series study with 53 women accompanied at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas/UFPE, from January to October 2012. Demographic and anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index, weight change) were collected by means of a form. The assessment of food consumption was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequency survey, analyzed according to a food composition table. Database construction and statistical analysis were performed using Excel and SPSS version 18.0, using chi-squared test, Anova, and Student’s t-test, at a confidence level of 5%. Results: the sample was composed of 53 women with a mean age of 54.51 ± 4.24 years and BMI of 25.97 ± 5.94 kg/m². In the sociodemographic variables, statistically significant differences in origin, occupation, and income were observed. Daily consumption showed significance for vitamins A, C, and zinc. In adults, vitamins A and C were in accordance with recommendations, while in the elderly a low intake of vitamin E and selenium was observed. The relation between vitamin E and origin was significant. Conclusion: the sample was composed of 53 women with a mean age of 54.51 ± 4.24 years and BMI of 25.97 ± 5.94 kg/m². In the sociodemographic variables, statistically significant differences in origin, occupation, and income were observed. Daily consumption showed significance for vitamins A, C, and zinc. In adults, vitamins A and C were in accordance with recommendations, while in the elderly a low intake of vitamin E and selenium was observed. The relation between vitamin E and origin was significant.
Diagnostic accuracy of respiratory diseases in primary health units
Authors: José Bruno Piassi de São , Camargos Paulo Augusto Moreira , Cruz Filho Álvaro Augusto Souza da , Corrêa Ricardo de Amorim
Published: January 2015

Respiratory diseases are responsible for about a fifth of all deaths worldwide and its prevalence reaches 15% of the world population. Primary health care (PHC) is the gateway to the health system, and is expected to resolve up to 85% of health problems in general. Moreover, little is known about the diagnostic ability of general practitioners (GPs) in relation to respiratory diseases in PHC. This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic ability of GPs working in PHC in relation to more prevalent respiratory diseases, such as acute respiratory infections (ARI), tuberculosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 3,913 articles were selected, totaling 30 after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They demonstrated the lack of consistent evidence on the accuracy of diagnoses of respiratory diseases by general practitioners. In relation to asthma and COPD, studies have shown diagnostic errors leading to overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis depending on the methodology used. The lack of precision for the diagnosis of asthma varied from 54% underdiagnosis to 34% overdiagnosis, whereas for COPD this ranged from 81% for underdiagnosis to 86.1% for overdiagnosis. For ARI, it was found that the inclusion of a complementary test for diagnosis led to an improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Studies show a low level of knowledge about tuberculosis on the part of general practitioners. According to this review, PHC represented by the GP needs to improve its ability for the diagnosis and management of this group of patients constituting one of its main demands.
Eu vivi, ninguém me contou: Educação Popular em estratégia Saúde da Família na beira do Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Prado Ernande Valentin do , Sales Cibele , Nomiyama Seiko
Published: January 2015

O que motivou a elaboração deste artigo foi a possibilidade de investigar a contribuição da Educação Popular à reorganização da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com usuários e profissionais de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família da área urbana de Rio Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, diários de campo, arquivos de fotografias, áudio, vídeo, publicações, relatórios e informações de um blog. A análise dos dados evidenciou evolução no processo de cuidado, humanização das relações entre profissionais e usuários, compreensão do fazer em APS e satisfação profissional, constatando que a Educação Popular é coerente e positiva para a Estratégia Saúde da Família atingir seus pressupostos.
Participação popular nas ações de educação em saúde: desafios para os profissionais da atenção primária
Authors: Oliveira Lucia Conde de , Ávila Maria Marlene Marques , Gomes Annatália Meneses de Amorim , Sampaio Maria Homéria Leite de Morais
Published: January 2015

Analisa a participação popular nas ações de educação em saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Realizou-se pesquisa do tipo investigação-ação em cinco Centros de Saúde da Família de Fortaleza-CE, no período 2009-2011, tendo como técnicas a observação participante e grupos focais com trabalhadores de saúde, agentes comunitários de saúde e usuários. Identificou-se que as ações de educação em saúde eram realizadas de forma pontual, na maioria com metodologias tradicionais e abordagens individuais que não favoreciam a participação da população. As evidências apontaram a falta de qualificação adequada para o desenvolvimento dessas ações e a sobrecarga de trabalho pela baixa cobertura da atenção primária. Nas intervenções mediadas pela educação popular, houve maior autonomia, protagonismo, participação popular, confirmando o potencial dessa metodologia para favorecer a participação dos usuários e o diálogo entre o saber científico e o popular.
O debate sobre educação em saúde no âmbito do Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Vitória, ES, Brasil
Authors: Lazarini Welington Serra , Sodré Francis , Dalbello-Araujo Maristela
Published: January 2015

Analisou-se a relação entre educação em saúde e a política de participação e controle social em saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Vitória-ES, Brasil, entre 2005 e 2012. Realizou-se análise documental nos planos municipais de saúde, relatórios de gestão e em 139 atas do Conselho Municipal de Saúde. Evidenciou-se que a gestão orientou sua política pela participação, mas restringiu-se ao Conselho Municipal de Saúde. A educação em saúde foi tratada pontualmente durante as reuniões. Quando debatida, foi como modelo tradicional, configurando-se em estratégia para vigilância. A Educação Popular em Saúde foi mencionada no segundo governo, mas sem a redefinição das práticas. Sinaliza-se a necessidade de reconhecer as diferentes formas de participação social em Vitória e ampliar o debate acerca do modelo dialógico da educação em saúde.