bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the link between cognitive deficit, self‐esteem, alexithymia, and depressive symptom of schizophrenia
Authors: He Chen , Zhang Xueying , Xia Qingrong , Gao Hua , Yan Junwei , Chen Xuequan , Yuan Hui , Zhang Yang , Xie Wen , Zhu Cuizhen
Published: June 2022

Objective

To the best of our knowledge, studies have been rarely conducted to assess the correlation between cognitive deficit, self‐esteem, and alexithymia in the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, this study aims to explore the risk factors associated with impairment of cognitive function, alexithymia, and self‐esteem among a representative sample of first‐episode schizophrenic patients.

Method

We recruited 107 first‐episode schizophrenic patients (48.6% male, 51.4% female, 36.94 ± 10.73 years) into the research group, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). A total of 45 healthy people (51.1% male, 48.9% female, 32.47 ± 10.94 years) were enlisted in the healthy control group. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions were estimated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The feelings of respect and self‐acceptance were tested using the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). Emotion of identifying and describing were measured by self‐report scale of Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 (TAS‐20).

Results

Overall cognitive impairment and alexithymia were found more serious in the patients of SCZ than the healthy group (p < .001, respectively). The patients of SCZ have higher self‐esteem than the healthy group (p = .013). Total score of MoCA, ability of visual space and executive function, and delayed recall were explored had negatively correlation with alexithymia (r = −.319, p = .001; r = −.248, p = .010; r = −0.263, p = .006). Total score of RSES and depressive symptoms of PANSS had a positive correlation with alexithymia (r = .394, p = .001; r = .208, p = .032). Stepwise regression analyses have shown a positive relationship between difficulty describing feelings and depression subscale of PANSS (β = .188, t = −2.007, p = .047) while a negative relationship between externally oriented thinking and depression subscale of PANSS (β = −.244, t = −2.603, p = .011). A positive link correlation also was found between the total scores of TAS and RSES (β = .372, t = 4.144, p = .001). A negative relevance was found between the total scores of TAS and scores of MoCA (β = −.305, t = −3.348, p = .001).

Conclusion

Overall impairment of cognitive function and alexithymia are commonly encountered in SCZ patients. Poor cognitive function, alexithymia, and high level self‐esteem may be specific detective risk factors for the depressive symptoms of SCZ.
AeS‐GCN: Attention‐enhanced semantic‐guided graph convolutional networks for skeleton‐based action recognition
Authors: Xu Qing , Liu Feng , Fu Ziwang , Zhou Aimin , Qi Jiayin
Published: June 2022

Skeleton‐based action recognition has been extensively studied in recent years and applied in virtual reality, detection systems and other cases with strong requirements for low cost as well as high accuracy, but most of the existing methods mainly focus on complex architecture of deep neural networks without considering computation efficiency. To balance accuracy and computation cost well, this paper proposes a simple and efficient attention‐enhanced semantic‐guided graph convolutional network (AeS‐GCN) for skeleton‐based action recognition. Firstly, we fuse semantics of joint type and frame index and dynamics together as representation of skeleton. Then, we use spatial attention block (SAB) to explore important features in spatial structure, in which adaptive GCN layer is adopted to adaptively model skeleton topology structure. Next, we use temporal attention block (TAB) to extract latent temporal information. The model proposed is a lightweight network and achieves the state‐of‐the‐art performance on mainstream datasets with less parameters and less computational complexity.
Holographic sign language avatar interpreter: A user interaction study in a mixed reality classroom
Authors: Yang Fu‐Chia , Mousas Christos , Adamo Nicoletta
Published: June 2022

We explored user interactions with a holographic sign language interpreter in a mixed reality (MR) classroom for deaf and hard of hearing students. The developed MR application projects a holographic signing avatar that translates in real time the lecture while a speaking instructor is teaching. Our study explored user interaction with the MR system, intending to provide design guidelines for digital MR sign language interpreters. We recruited eight participants and conducted a usability test focused on avatar framing (full‐body vs. half‐body) and avatar manipulation (fixed position, scale, and orientation vs. user‐adjustable position, scale, and orientation) in the MR classroom. We used a mixed‐method approach to analyze quantitative and qualitative data through recordings, surveys, and interviews. The results show user preferences toward viewing holographic signing avatars in the MR environment and user acceptability toward such applications.
SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant may present with severe sickle cell painful crisis: A report of two cases
Authors: Ali Elrazi , Hatim Ahmed , Yassin Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory viral illness that is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The disease often presents with non‐specific symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue, accompanied by respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough and dyspnea) and other systemic involvement. Currently, the virus had shown significant changes and mutations that resulted in the emergence of different strains. Each strain varies in its virulence, disease severity, and the response of the body's immune system. Sickle cell disease characterized by hemolytic anemia particularly in associated with stress. Patients with sickle cell disease infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are reported to have increased risk for hospitalization, thrombosis, and other complications compared with non‐sickle cell patients. The Omicron variant causes mild disease in general population; however, in patients with sickle cell disease, the data are limited. We present two patients known to have sickle cell disease presented with a severe acute painful crisis that required hospitalization after infection with Omicron variant of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
Tracheobronchitis in patients with diffuse wall thickening: Three case reports
Authors: Taniguchi Hirokazu , Masaki Yasuaki , Tsuda Takeshi , Abo Hitoshi , Muto Atsushi , Shimizu Mami , Takata Naoki , Uchiyama Akio , Aikawa Akane , Ishizawa Shin
Published: June 2022

We herein report the cases of three patients with chest symptoms or fever and diffuse wall thickening of the trachea and main bronchi on chest CT. They were diagnosed with various causes of inflammations of the trachea and main bronchi using bronchial or tracheal biopsy specimens and flexible bronchoscopy.
Foam in Absorption Columns with Structured Packings – Part 2: Inhibition and Destruction
Authors: Leuner Hannes , Gerke Sören Jakob , Illner Markus , Repke Jens-Uwe
Published: June 2022

Foam in absorption and distillation processes is one of the main reasons for malfunctions in columns including higher pressure loss, lower throughput, and lower mass transfer rates leading to a reduction in the separation efficiency. This study evaluates different foam management solutions aiming at a foam‐reduced operation of columns with structured packings based on fundamental investigations. Firstly, the effect of spacers between structured packing layers is presented as a passive foam inhibition method. Secondly, the ability of acoustic waves at low frequencies around 50 s−1 (Hz) destructing existing foam in columns is analyzed and discussed. This method is able to reduce the pressure loss by –56 % and increase the corresponding F‐factor by +22 % in a DN300 column in continuous operation.
Risk‐reducing surgery in unaffected individuals receiving cancer genetic testing in an integrated health care system
Authors: Knerr Sarah , Guo Boya , Mittendorf Kathleen F. , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Gilmore Marian J. , Jarvik Gail P. , Kauffman Tia L. , Keast Erin , Lynch Frances L. , Muessig Kristin R. , Okuyama Sonia , Veenstra David L. , Zepp Jamilyn M. , Goddard Katrina A. B. , Devine Beth
Published: June 2022

Background

Germline genetic testing enables primary cancer prevention, including through prophylactic surgery. We examined risk‐reducing surgeries in unaffected individuals tested for hereditary cancer susceptibly between 2010 and 2018 in the Kaiser Permanente Northwest health system.

Methods

We used an internal genetic testing database to create a cohort of individuals who received tests including one or more high‐penetrance hereditary cancer susceptibility gene. We then identified, after testing, bilateral mastectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO), and total hysterectomy procedures in electronic health record and claims data through 2019. We describe surgery utilization by genetic test results and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.

Results

The cohort included 1020 individuals, 16% with pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in one or more of the following genes: BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, APC, MUTYH, ATM, MSH2, PALB2, BRIP1, MLH1, MSH6, EPCAM, FLCN, RAD51C, RAD51D, or TP53. Among individuals with P/LP variants making them candidates for mastectomy, BSO, or hysterectomy per NCCN guidelines, 34% (33/97), 24% (23/94), and 8% (1/12), respectively, underwent surgery during follow‐up. Fifty‐three percent (18/37) of hysterectomies were among APC, BRCA1, and BRCA2 P/LP variant heterozygotes, typically concurrent with BSO. Three individuals with variants of uncertain significance (only) and 22 with negative results had prophylactic surgery after genetic testing.

Conclusions

Uptake of risk‐reducing surgery following usual care genetic testing appears to be lower than in studies that actively recruit high‐risk patients and provide testing and follow‐up care in specialized settings. Factors in addition to genetic test results and NCCN guidelines motivate prophylactic surgery use and deserve further study.
Impact of tunnel gate process variations on analog/radio frequency (microwave) and small signal parameters of hetero‐material tunneling interfaced charge plasma junctionless tunnel field effect transistor
Authors: Sharma Samriti , Chaujar Rishu
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a dual metal gate, hetero‐material tunneling interfaced junctionless tunnel field effect transistor (TFET), (DMG‐HJLTFET), utilizing III–V compound semiconducting materials, InAs (low band‐gap source material)/GaAs (higher band‐gap channel and drain material) by applying the band‐gap and dual material gate engineering. The 2‐D TCAD simulations have been executed to explore the impact of tunnel gate process variations—work function and length on DC and analog figure of merits (FOMs) of DMG‐HJLTFET. The extracted result parameters have also been compared to SMG (single metal gate)‐HJLTFET and conventional Si‐JLTFET. The DMG‐HJLTFET attains improved ON current in the range of 88.5 × 10−6 A/μm and OFF current remains as low as 2.89 × 10−16 A/μm. It exhibits a high current switching ratio of 3.1 × 1011 as compared to SMG‐HJLTFET (ION = 24 × 10−6 A/μm and ION/IOFF = 1.4 × 1011) and Si‐JLTFET (ION = 7 × 10−6 A/μm and ION/IOFF = 1.8 × 106). Further, the radio frequency/microwave (RF) parameters such as power gains (h12, UPG, and Gma), fmax, and GBP have been compared for all three aforementioned devices. Moreover, the small signal admittance (Y) parameters have been examined to explore the possible scope of DMG‐HJLTFET for future internet of everything communications and fast switching applications.
Scalable manufacturing of leaf‐like MXene/Ag NWs/cellulose composite paper electrode for all‐solid‐state supercapacitor
Authors: Tang Hao , Chen Ruwei , Huang Quanbo , Ge Wenjiao , Zhang Xiaoqian , Yang Yang , Wang Xiaohui
Published: June 2022

Freestanding films with high strength and conductivity are critical for flexible electronics, such as supercapacitors. Herein, inspired from the natural leaf, a freestanding paper is constructed through fast vacuum filtration by “mesophylls‐like” MXene (Ti3C2TX) nanosheets and “vein‐like” cellulose filaments and silver nanowires (Ag NWs). The produced nanocomposite paper with 25 wt% Ti3C2TX and 8 wt% Ag NWs (PMxAg25‐8) exhibits high conductivity (58 843 S m−1) and excellent mechanical properties (Tensile strength of 34 MPa and Young's modulus of 6 GPa), which arises from the synergistic effects of the interactions between cellulose and MXene and the three‐dimensional interpenetrating frameworks. This interpenetrating framework can further benefit the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite papers and the foldable paper electrode presents a high capacitance of 505 F g−1 with only 25 wt% MXene. This work paves the way for the fast fabrication of strong and multifunctional MXene macro‐assembly for flexible electronics by conventional papermaking process.

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A simplified analytical approach for the clear height in compartment fire based on a two‐layer zone model
Authors: Cheng Chi Honn , Chow Cheuk Lun , Chow Wan Ki
Published: June 2022

Compartment fire is an important research area in fire science and fire safety. Owing to its simplicity, the zone model remains attractive in studying compartment fire. Although computer software packages for the two‐layer zone are in popular use, a basic understanding of the physical phenomena involved and the mathematical formulation thereon would benefit users of the zone model in terms of critical judgement of software outputs, which could be unreasonable, and insight of the general trends of important variables. In general, the differential equations based on a two‐layer zone model have no analytical solutions and numerical methods are required. However, stiffness is present in using numerical methods to solve these differential equations, and reliable results are obtained only when very small time steps are used in computation. Nevertheless, in some special cases, analytical solution for the clear height in the zone model exists, as demonstrated in the present study. Predicted values of smoke layer height in the present approach are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. The present work would provide insight into the tenability condition of a compartment on fire and is an important issue in fire safety management.
Effect of neuroanatomy on corticomotor excitability during and after transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation
Authors: Mittal Neil , Thakkar Bhushan , Hodges Cooper B. , Lewis Connor , Cho Yeajin , Hadimani Ravi L. , Peterson Carrie L.
Published: June 2022

Individual neuroanatomy can influence motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and corticomotor excitability after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual neuroanatomy and both TMS response measured using resting motor threshold (RMT) and iTBS measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) targeting the biceps brachii and first dorsal interosseus (FDI). Ten nonimpaired individuals completed sham‐controlled iTBS sessions and underwent MRI, from which anatomically accurate head models were generated. Neuroanatomical parameters established through fiber tractography were fiber tract surface area (FTSA), tract fiber count (TFC), and brain scalp distance (BSD) at the point of stimulation. Cortical magnetic field induced electric field strength (EFS) was obtained using finite element simulations. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess effects of these parameters on RMT and iTBS (post‐iTBS MEPs). FDI RMT was dependent on interactions between EFS and both FTSA and TFC. Biceps RMT was dependent on interactions between EFS and and both FTSA and BSD. There was no groupwide effect of iTBS on the FDI but individual changes in corticomotor excitability scaled with RMT, EFS, BSD, and FTSA. iTBS targeting the biceps was facilitatory, and dependent on FTSA and TFC. MRI‐based measures of neuroanatomy highlight how individual anatomy affects motor system responses to different TMS paradigms and may be useful for selecting appropriate motor targets when designing TMS based therapies.
A critical review of the application of polymer of low concern regulatory criteria to fluoropolymers II: Fluoroplastics and fluoroelastomers
Authors: Korzeniowski Stephen H. , Buck Robert C. , Newkold Robin M. , kassmi Ahmed El , Laganis Evan , Matsuoka Yasuhiko , Dinelli Bertrand , Beauchet Severine , Adamsky Frank , Weilandt Karl , Soni Vijay Kumar , Kapoor Deepak , Gunasekar Priyanga , Malvasi Marco , Brinati Giulio , Musio Stefana
Published: June 2022

Fluoropolymers are a distinct class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), high molecular weight (MW) polymers with fluorine attached to their carbon-only backbone. Fluoropolymers possess a unique combination of properties and unmatched functional performance critical to the products and manufacturing processes they enable and are irreplaceable in many uses. Fluoropolymers have documented safety profiles; are thermally, biologically, and chemically stable, negligibly soluble in water, nonmobile, nonbioavailable, nonbioaccumulative, and nontoxic. Although fluoropolymers fit the PFAS structural definition, they have very different physical, chemical, environmental, and toxicological properties when compared with other PFAS. This study describes the composition, uses, performance properties, and functionalities of 14 fluoropolymers, including fluoroplastics and fluoroelastomers, and presents data to demonstrate that they satisfy the widely accepted polymer hazard assessment criteria to be considered polymers of low concern (PLC). The PLC criteria include physicochemical properties, such as molecular weight, which determine bioavailability and warn of potential hazard. Fluoropolymers are insoluble (e.g., water, octanol) solids too large to migrate into the cell membrane making them nonbioavailable, and therefore, of low concern from a human and environmental health standpoint. Further, the study results demonstrate that fluoropolymers are a distinct and different group of PFAS and should not be grouped with other PFAS for hazard assessment or regulatory purposes. When combined with an earlier publication by Henry et al., this study demonstrates that commercial fluoropolymers are available from the seven participating companies that meet the criteria to be considered PLC, which represent approximately 96% of the global commercial fluoropolymer market. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:326–354. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Cultural and environmental aspects influence lateral preferences
Authors: Bazo Norberto Soca , Marcori Alexandre Jehan , Monteiro Pedro Henrique Martins , Okazaki Victor Hugo Alves
Published: June 2022

Transcultural approaches comparing the distribution of lateral preference between countries focused primarily on handedness. However, other laterality dimensions may also be susceptible to cultural variations. The present study compared lateral preference in five dimensions (hand, foot, trunk, hearing, and visual) of young adults from Brazil and Mozambique. Two hundred and two undergraduate students participated in the study, of which 101 were Brazilian (21.7 ± 1.66 years old) and 101 Mozambican (25.6 ± 6.2 years old). The participants' lateral preference direction and degree were assessed using the global lateral preference inventory. Most Brazilians were classified in the moderate preference category, while Mozambicans had a higher frequency of individuals with strong preferences. Hence, Mozambicans presented a higher lateralization degree for all dimensions. A subsequent analysis considering only preference direction (right, left or indifferent), and not degree, did not show the same outcomes, revealing similarities in preference distribution between the two groups. This finding highlights the necessity to incorporate preference degrees in future analysis to not overlook potential differences. We also conclude lateral preference investigations with transcultural approaches should analyse beyond handedness, as other dimensions can also be modulated by cultural characteristics.
Mosaic Deletions of Known Genes Explain Skeletal Dysplasias With High and Low Bone Mass
Authors: Muurinen Mari , Taylan Fulya , Tournis Symeon , Eisfeldt Jesper , Balanika Alexia , Vastardis Heleni , Ala‐Mello Sirpa , Mäkitie Outi , Costantini Alice
Published: June 2022

Mosaicism, a state in which an individual has two or more genetically distinct populations of cells in the body, can be difficult to detect because of either mild or atypical clinical presentation and limitations in the commonly used detection methods. Knowledge of the role of mosaicism is limited in many skeletal disorders, including osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) and cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). We used whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) with coverage >40× to identify the genetic causes of disease in two clinically diagnosed patients. In a female patient with OSCS, we identified a mosaic 7‐nucleotide frameshift deletion in exon 2 of AMER1, NM_152424.4:c.855_861del:p.(His285Glnfs*7), affecting 8.3% of the WGS reads. In a male patient with CCD, approximately 34% of the WGS reads harbored a 3710‐basepair mosaic deletion, NC_000006.11:g.45514471_45518181del, starting in intron 8 of RUNX2 and terminating in the 3′ untranslated region. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was used to validate these deletions and quantify the absolute level of mosaicism in each patient. Although constitutional variants in AMER1 and RUNX2 are a known cause of OSCS and CCD, respectively, the mosaic changes here reported have not been described previously. Our study indicates that mosaicism should be considered in unsolved cases of skeletal dysplasia and should be investigated with comprehensive and sensitive detection methods. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Protein–ligand binding affinity prediction of cyclin‐dependent kinase‐2 inhibitors by dynamically averaged fragment molecular orbital‐based interaction energy
Authors: Takaba Kenichiro , Watanabe Chiduru , Tokuhisa Atsushi , Akinaga Yoshinobu , Ma Biao , Kanada Ryo , Araki Mitsugu , Okuno Yasushi , Kawashima Yusuke , Moriwaki Hirotomo , Kawashita Norihito , Honma Teruki , Fukuzawa Kaori , Tanaka Shigenori
Published: June 2022

Fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is a powerful computational tool for structure‐based drug design, in which protein–ligand interactions can be described by the inter‐fragment interaction energy (IFIE) and its pair interaction energy decomposition analysis (PIEDA). Here, we introduced a dynamically averaged (DA) FMO‐based approach in which molecular dynamics simulations were used to generate multiple protein–ligand complex structures for FMO calculations. To assess this approach, we examined the correlation between the experimental binding free energies and DA‐IFIEs of six CDK2 inhibitors whose net charges are zero. The correlation between the experimental binding free energies and snapshot IFIEs for X‐ray crystal structures was R2 = 0.75. Using the DA‐IFIEs, the correlation significantly improved to 0.99. When an additional CDK2 inhibitor with net charge of −1 was added, the DA FMO‐based scheme with the dispersion energies still achieved R2 = 0.99, whereas R2 decreased to 0.32 employing all the energy terms of PIEDA.
Tree Parzen estimator for global geometry optimization: A benchmark and database of experimental gas‐phase structures of organic molecules
Authors: Andreadi Nikolai , Zankov Dmitry , Karpov Kirill , Mitrofanov Artem
Published: June 2022

Finding global and local minima on the potential energy surface is a key task for most studies in computational chemistry. Having a set of possible conformations for chemical structures and their corresponding energies, one can judge their chemical activity, understand the mechanisms of reactions, describe the formation of metal‐ligand and ligand‐protein complexes, and so forth. Despite the fact that the interest in various minima search algorithms in computational chemistry arose a while ago (during the formation of this science), new methods are still emerging. These methods allow to perform conformational analysis and geometry optimization faster, more accurately, or for more specific tasks. This article presents the application of a novel global geometry optimization approach based on the Tree Parzen Estimator method. For benchmarking, a database of small organic molecule geometries in the global minimum conformation was created, as well as a software package to perform the tests.
Muscle strength and incidence of depression and anxiety: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study
Authors: Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Parra‐Soto Solange , Petermann‐Rocha Fanny , Gray Stuart R. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Martínez‐Gómez David , Celis‐Morales Carlos
Published: June 2022

Background

Depression and anxiety are the leading mental health problems worldwide; depression is ranked as the leading cause of global disability with anxiety disorders ranked sixth. Preventive strategies based on the identification of modifiable factors merit exploration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of handgrip strength (HGS) with incident depression and anxiety and to explore how these associations differ by socio‐demographic, lifestyle, and health‐related factors.

Methods

The analytic sample comprised 162 167 participants (55% women), aged 38–70 years, from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. HGS was assessed at baseline using dynamometry. Depression and anxiety were extracted from primary care and hospital admission records. Cox proportional models were applied, with a 2 year landmark analysis, to investigate the associations between HGS and incident depression and anxiety.

Results

Of the 162 167 participants included, 5462 (3.4%) developed depression and 6614 (4.1%) anxiety, over a median follow‐up period of 10.0 years (inter‐quartile range: 9.3–10.8) for depression and 9.9 (inter‐quartile range: 9.0–10.8) for anxiety. In the fully adjusted model, a 5 kg lower HGS was associated with a 7% (HR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.10]; P < 0.001) and 8% (HR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.10]; P < 0.001) higher risk of depression and anxiety, respectively. Compared with participants in the sex and age‐specific highest tertiles of HGS, those in the medium and lowest tertiles had an 11% (HR: 1.11 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.19]; P = 0.002) and 24% (HR: 1.24 [95% CI: 1.16, 1.33]; P < 0.001) higher risk of depression and 13% (HR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.20]; P < 0.001) and 27% (HR: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.19, 1.35]; P < 0.001) higher risk of anxiety, respectively. The association of HGS with depression was stronger among participants with average or brisk walking pace (vs. slow walking pace; Pinteraction < 0.001). The association with anxiety was stronger in those participants aged ≥58 years (vs. ≤58 years; Pinteraction = 0.002) and those living in more affluent areas (vs. deprived; Pinteraction = 0.001).

Conclusions

Handgrip strength was inversely associated with incident depression and anxiety. Because HGS is a simple, non‐invasive, and inexpensive measure, it could be easily used in clinical practice to stratify patients and identify those at elevated risk of mental health problems. However, future research should assess if resistance training aimed at increasing HGS can prevent the occurrence of mental health conditions.
Coloring (P5,gem) $({P}_{5},\text{gem})$‐free graphs with Δ−1 ${\rm{\Delta }}-1$ colors
Authors: Cranston Daniel W. , Lafayette Hudson , Rabern Landon
Published: June 2022

The Borodin–Kostochka Conjecture states that for a graph , if and , then . We prove the Borodin–Kostochka Conjecture for ‐free graphs, that is, graphs with no induced and no induced .
“I'm prepared for this moment”: The role of mindfulness in the psychosocial health of women of color
Authors: Sebastian Bini B. , Slaten Christopher D.
Published: June 2022

This study utilized a phenomenological approach to explore how women of color (N = 7) engage in mindfulness practices to improve their psychosocial well‐being, specifically as it relates to identity development and belongingness. Five themes emerged: awareness of mind–body connection, resilience in the face of discrimination, empathic perspective‐taking, awareness of internalized biases, and global sense of belonging. Implications for counselors and future research are discussed.
Mutual inductance model of double printed circuit board‐based coplanar rectangular spiral coils for eddy‐current testing
Authors: Wu Dehui , Lin Shibin , Chen Hongfu , Wang Xiaohong
Published: June 2022

In the field of eddy‐current testing (ECT), most studies on detection probes are primarily based on circular solenoid coils; related research on rectangular spiral coils is rare. In this study, an analytical model of the mutual inductance (MI) between two coplanar rectangular spiral coils was developed in which the two coplanar rectangular spiral coils were placed above a conductive plate. The MI calculation does not need to consider the thickness of the coils, which is consistent with the actual situation of the printed circuit boards (PCB)‐based spiral coils, and simplifies the multi‐turn rectangular spiral coil into a set of concentric single‐turn coils. Two experimental setups were constructed to verify the analytical model and they were used to detect defects in the aluminium plate. The experimental results indicate that the analytical model can be used to evaluate the performance of ECT probes using PCB‐based spiral coils, through the geometrical dimensions of the coils, centre distance and lift‐off, and so forth. Compared with traditional methods, this method can still obtain satisfactory calculation accuracy after ignoring thickness parameters. The analytical model is also an effective tool to aid in the design of detection probes and optimisation of related parameters.
Ion release and local effects of titanium metal particles from dental implants: An experimental study in rats
Authors: Toledano‐Serrabona Jorge , Camps‐Font Octavi , de Moraes Diogo Pompéu , Corte‐Rodríguez Mario , Montes‐Bayón María , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard , Gay‐Escoda Cosme , Sánchez‐Garcés M. Ángeles
Published: June 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of ions in blood and organs caused by titanium (Ti) metal particles in a mandibular defect in rats, together with a description of the local reaction of oral tissues to this Ti alloy debris.

Methods

Twenty Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: an experimental group with a mandibular bone defect filled with metallic debris obtained by implantoplasty; a positive control group; and a negative control group. Thirty days after surgery, the rats were euthanized and perilesional tissue surrounding the mandibular defect was removed, together with the lungs, spleen, liver, and brain. Two blood samples were collected: immediately before surgery and before euthanasia. The perilesional tissue was histologically analyzed using hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and Ti, aluminum, and vanadium ion concentrations in blood and organs were measured by TQ‐ICP‐MS. Descriptive and bivariate analyses of the data were performed.

Results

All rats with implanted metal debris showed metal particles and a bone fracture callus on the osseous defect. The metal particles were surrounded by a foreign body reaction characterized by the presence of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs). The experimental group had a significant higher concentration of Ti ions in all studied organs except lung tissue (p < 0.05). In addition, there were more V ions in the brain in the experimental group (p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Although further studies are required to confirm the clinical relevance of these results, Ti metal particles in the jaw might increase the concentration of metal ions in vital organs and induce a foreign body reaction.
Climate change and range restriction of common salamanders in eastern Canada and the United States
Authors: Widmer Brian W. , Gehring Thomas M. , Heumann Benjamin W. , Nicholson Kirsten E.
Published: June 2022

The sensitivity of amphibian species to shifts in environmental conditions has been exhibited through long‐term population studies and the projection of ecological niche models under expected conditions. Species in biodiversity hotspots have been the focus of ample predictive modeling studies, while, despite their significant ecological value, wide‐ranging and common taxa have received less attention. We focused on predicting range restriction of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), blue‐spotted salamander (A. laterale), four‐toed salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum), and red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) under future climate scenarios. Using bias‐corrected future climate data and biodiversity database records, we developed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models under current conditions and for climate change projections in 2050 and 2070. We calculated positivity rates of species localities to represent proportions of habitat expected to remain climatically suitable with continued climate change. Models projected under future conditions predicted average positivity rates of 91% (89–93%) for the blue‐spotted salamander, 23% (2–41%) for the spotted salamander, 4% (0.7–9%) for the four‐toed salamander, and 61% (42–76%) for the red‐backed salamander. Range restriction increased with time and greenhouse gas concentration for the spotted salamander, four‐toed salamander, and red‐backed salamander. Common, widespread taxa that often receive less conservation resources than other species are at risk of experiencing significant losses to their climatic ranges as climate change continues. Efforts to maintain populations of species should be focused on regions expected to experience fewer climatic shifts such as the interior and northern zones of species' distributions.
The contributions of soil biochemical characteristics and soil organic carbon (SOC) structure to SOC mineralization rate during forest succession on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Yingyi , Liu Yongmin , Liu Hanyu , Zhang Zhenjiao , Gao Qiqian , Wang Yuanzhuo , Feng Yongzhong , Yang Gaihe , Ren Chengjie , Han Xinhui
Published: June 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is a process driven by microorganisms and is considered to be one of the main forms of carbon loss in land restoration. However, the interaction of SOC structures and bacteria that drive SOC mineralization remain unclear. Therefore, four forest succession stages were investigated on the Loess Plateau of Northern China: (1) primary stage Betula platyphylla (BP); (2) transitional stage which were two mixed communities of Populus davidiana and Quercus wutaishanica with different proportions (PQ1); (3) (PQ2) and (4) the late stage was climax communities of Quercus wutaishanica (QW). The Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy were used to clarify the regulation mechanism of microbial activity on SOC mineralization during forest succession through the perspective of SOC structures. Our results indicated higher aromatics‐C in QW contributed to decreased SOC mineralization ratio (SMR). Redundancy analysis confirmed SOC structures–bacteria interaction and revealed the groups Acidobacteria correlated with recalcitrant SOC structures while Proteobacteria and Bacteroides correlated with labile SOC structures, respectively. Moreover, the partial least squares path model revealed that the SOC and C:N ratio act on soil bacteria community characteristics, and the higher abundance of Acidobacteria and the increase of aromatics‐C decreased SMR. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of bacteria–SOC structures interaction in decreased SMR and contribute to an improved understanding of how forest succession regulates carbon mineralization.
Covalent Triazine Frameworks and Porous Carbons: Perspective from an Azulene‐Based Case
Authors: Jiang Kaiyue , Peng Peipei , Tranca Diana , Tong Gangsheng , Ke Changchun , Lu Chenbao , Hu Jun , Liang Haiwei , Li Jiantong , Zhou Shengqiang , Kymakis Emmanuel , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are among the most valuable frameworks owing to many fantastic properties. However, molten salt‐involved preparation of CTFs at 400–600 °C causes debate on whether CTFs represent organic frameworks or carbon. Herein, new CTFs based on the 1,3‐dicyanoazulene monomer (CTF‐Azs) are synthesized using molten ZnCl2 at 400–600 °C. Chemical structure analysis reveals that the CTF‐Az prepared at low temperature (400 °C) exhibits polymeric features, whereas those prepared at high temperatures (600 °C) exhibit typical carbon features. Even after being treated at even higher temperatures, the CTF‐Azs retain their rich porosity, but the polymeric features vanish. Although structural de‐conformation is a widely accepted outcome in polymer‐to‐carbon rearrangement processes, the study evaluates such processes in the context of CTF systems. A proof‐of‐concept study is performed, observing that the as‐synthesized CTF‐Azs exhibit promising performance as cathodes for Li‐ and K‐ion batteries. Moreover, the as‐prepared NPCs exhibit excellent catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance; hence, they can be used as air cathodes in Zn‐air batteries. This study not only provides new building blocks for novel CTFs with controllable polymer/carbon features but also offers insights into the formation and structure transformation history of CTFs during thermal treatment.
Beyond the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter world: Mathematical insight into contact angles
Authors: Vigdorowitsch Michael , Tsygankova Liudmila E. , Ostrikov Valery V. , Rodionova Lyudmila D.
Published: June 2022

The Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter wetting states are treated as basis states producing a continuous spectrum of intermediate states. The model considering them as a linear combination of the basis states is proposed and successfully applied to independent data converted within this framework from the terms of absolute vertical deviations as roughness characteristics into the Wenzel r‐based roughness concept. Roughness dependences of apparent contact angles are reproduced therewith. The degree of symmetry is shown to influence measurements, calculations and possibly definition of the contact angle. The cotangent formula linking the drop size and apparent contact angle is derived from the well‐known non‐linear differential model for a drop shape. This enables one to pre‐estimate changes in contact angles due to drop size changes what is important for a more precise definition of superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. The analysis of an oval‐shaped curve as the most general contact line on inclines is performed. The dependence of apparent contact angle on incline tilt and azimuthal angle is derived for the regime of pinning the drop onto a flat surface having been tilted before, unlike the well‐known case of tilting the flat surface with a sessile drop whose contact line is circle‐shaped. The contact angle is found to be a non‐monotonous function of azimuthal angle because the contact line possesses now a reduced symmetry and, therefore, a varying curvature with extrema. Drop ensembles on incline are discussed, and their modeling with application to macroscopic processes requires treatment of the contact line in its most general case, that is, oval shaped.
Comparison of Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short and Long Form to predict all‐cause mortality up to 7 years in geriatric outpatients
Authors: Ozturk Yelda , Sarikaya Derya , Emin Kuyumcu Mehmet , Yesil Yusuf , Koca Meltem , Guner Oytun Merve , Unsal Pelin , Balci Cafer , Balam Dogu Burcu , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Halil Meltem
Published: June 2022

Background

We aimed to find out whether the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA‐SF) can predict mortality up to 7 years when compared with the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Long Form (MNA‐LF) in geriatric outpatients.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in patients (≥65 years) who were admitted to the geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital. MNA‐SF and MNA‐LF results were available for all patients. Patients were grouped as normal nutrition status (score 12–14), at risk of malnutrition (score between 8 and 11), or malnourished (score ≤7) according to MNA‐SF. Based on MNA‐LF, patients had normal nutrition status (score ≥24), were at risk of malnutrition (score 17–23.5), or were malnourished (score <17). Survival of the patients was assessed retrospectively.

Results

The study included 209 patients (62.2% female). During the 7‐year follow‐up, 77 (36.8%) patients died. After adjusting for age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index, MNA‐SF was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality during 6‐month, 1‐year, 3‐year, 5‐year, and 7‐year follow‐up time. MNA‐LF was superior to MNA‐SF to estimate 6‐month (P = 0.004) and 1‐year mortality (P = 0.031). There was no difference between MNA‐SF and MNA‐LF regarding 3‐year, 5‐year, and 7‐year mortality.

Conclusion

MNA‐SF can predict short‐term and long‐term mortality in geriatric outpatients as well as MNA‐LF. A cut‐off value of 11, indicating risk of malnutrition according to MNA‐SF, may be used for the risk estimation of 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year mortality. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of screening all geriatric outpatients for malnutrition and especially the risk of malnutrition for early intervention and treatment.
The application of technology to improve cognition in older adults: A review and suggestions for future directions
Authors: Leung Carole , Wong Kai Chun , So Winnie W. Y. , Tse Zita C. K. , Li Duo , Cao Yuan , Shum David H. K.
Published: June 2022

The rapidly increasing worldwide population of older adults, along with the increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in this population, is a growing health‐care problem. As such, advances in technology‐based cognitive interventions and games are playing an increasingly key role in preserving and improving older adults' cognitive function, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic when opportunities for face‐to‐face activities or training are few. In this paper, we summarize from previous studies systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on the various types of technology used in cognitive interventions (namely, computerized cognitive training, virtual‐reality interventions and robot‐assisted interventions) and the empirical evidence on the effects of these technologies on global and specific cognitive functions in healthy and clinical populations of older adults (e.g., older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia). We also describe older adults' perceptions, experiences and acceptance of these technologies. Finally, we discuss the limitations, challenges and future avenues of research in this field.
Delineating genetic regulation of cannabinoid biosynthesis during female flower development in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Apicella Peter V. , Sands Lauren B. , Ma Yi , Berkowitz Gerald A.
Published: June 2022

Cannabinoids are predominantly produced in the glandular trichomes on cannabis female flowers. There is little known on how cannabinoid biosynthesis is regulated during female flower development. We aim to understand the rate‐limiting step(s) in the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the transcript levels of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes together with cannabinoid contents during 7 weeks of female flower development. We demonstrated that the enzymatic steps for producing cannabigerol (CBG), which involve genes GPPS, PT, TKS, and OAC, could rate limit cannabinoid biosynthesis. Our findings further suggest that upregulation of cannabinoid synthases, CBDAS and THCAS in a commercial hemp and medical marijuana variety, respectively, is not critical for cannabinoid biosynthesis. The cannabinoid biosynthetic genes are generally upregulated during flower maturation; increased expression occurs coincident with glandular trichome development and cannabinoid production in the maturing flower. The results also suggest that different cannabis varieties may experience discrete transcriptional regulation of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes. In addition, we showed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can potentially increase cannabinoid production. We propose that biweekly applications of 100 μM MeJA starting from flower initiation would be efficacious for promoting cannabinoid biosynthesis. Our findings provide important genetic information for cannabis breeding to generate new varieties with favorable traits.
Clinical radiological and pathological staging of children with hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Ozsezen Beste , Özcan H. Nursun , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Ocak Ece , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Sunman Birce , Nayir Buyuksahin Halime , Guzelkas İsmail , Cinel Güzin , Orhan Diclehan , Yalçın Ebru , Doğru Deniz , Özçelik Uğur , Kiper Nural
Published: June 2022

Objective

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is rare in the pediatric population. To date, there are no studies defining a correlation between clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in children with HP. The objective of this study is to define the clinical, and radiological characteristics and prognosis of childhood HP and to examine the clinical, radiological, and pathological correlation between HP stages.

Methods

Patients with suspected HP and followed at two tertiary care hospitals between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest of patients was evaluated by a single radiologist. The interagreement between clinical and radiological severity of the patients was calculated with the κ test.

Results

Fourteen children with suspected HP were identified. The results of 10 patients with the definitive diagnosis were as follows: one patient (10%) had acute, five patients (50%) had subacute, and four patients (40%) had chronic HP. The most prominent findings in chest CT were hilar, or hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy (80%), centrilobular nodules (60%), patchy or diffuse ground‐glass opacities (50%), and cysts (50%). The interagreement between clinical and radiological severity of the patients was 100% (approximate significance: 0.003). The diagnosis of four patients with suspected HP who were unresponsive to standardized medical treatments or developed multisystem involvement was diagnosed with other diseases. One patient (10%) with definitive chronic HP died due to respiratory failure during follow up.

Conclusion

Similar to adult HP, the prognosis is worse in children with existing fibrotic equivalents in chest CT. Patients who are not responding to standard medical treatments or develop multisystem involvement should be evaluated for other lung diseases.