bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace justice and intention to leave the nursing profession
Authors: Chin Weishan , Guo Yue-Liang Leon , Hung Yu-Ju , Hsieh Yueh-Tzu , Wang Li-Jie , Shiao Judith Shu-Chu
Published: January 2017

Background:

Poor psychosocial work environments are considered critical factors of nurses’ intention to leave their profession. Workplace injustice has been proven to increase the incidence of psychiatric morbidity among workers. However, few studies have directly investigated the effect of workplace justice on nurses’ intention to leave their profession and the population attributable risk among nurses.

Objective:

This study identified factors associated with workplace justice and nurses’ intention to leave the profession.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Approximately 10% of all secondary referral centers in Taiwan were stratified and randomly sampled. Multiple logistic regression and population attributable risks were preformed to assess the effect of workplace justice on nurses’ intention to leave the nursing profession.

Ethical considerations:

This study was approved by the Research and Ethical Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital. Only nurses who consented to the study participated in the survey.

Result:

A total of 2268 nurses were recruited, of whom 1417 (62.5%) satisfactorily completed the questionnaire. The participants were classified and 342 (24.1%) of them were placed into the low workplace justice group. Nurses with low workplace justice had a higher intention of leaving the profession (adjusted odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.77). “Employees’ opinions are influential in hospital’s decision making” and “employees’ performance is evaluated fairly” were the most influential factors of the participants’ intention to quit. The adjusted population attributable risk was 3.7% for low workplace justice.

Conclusion:

This study has identified that workplace justice is a protective factor of nurses’ leaving their current profession. A fair performance appraisal system and increased autonomy at work are warranted to dissuade nurses from leaving the nursing profession.
Workplace Spirituality and Employee Job Behaviour
Authors: Pradhan Rabindra Kumar , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: January 2017

Effective employee job behaviour is often driven by suitable work environment that continually provides a meaningful job assignment throughout one’s professional career. Recent researches in organizational studies have strengthened the notion of workplace spirituality for creating meaningful job, delight, contentment and hope at work that generate employee engagement, and organizational commitment. Such type of job behaviour is expected to produce better job performance of employees while deriving higher productivity of the organization. Keeping this in view, the present study was designed to examine the role of workplace spirituality in employee job behaviour through the construct of employee engagement and organizational commitment. The findings revealed that factors of workplace spirituality significantly and positively influence job behaviour dimensions. It also reported that workplace spirituality has significant effects on vigour and affective commitment. The meaningful work dimension of workplace spirituality was found to be significant predictors of employee engagement and organizational commitment. The study has a number of implications for academicians and human resource (HR) professionals for devising suitable mechanisms to create individual–organization fitment interventions.
An Empirical Analysis of Behaviour of Stock Market Indices
Authors: Bajaj Sushil , Sethi Naman
Published: January 2017

The present study aims to investigate the presence or absence of weak form market efficiency and unriddle the potential factors impacting the chaotic pattern of the stock market. The study carries the analysis by considering 12 countries’ indices categorized as developing and developed on the basis of their GDP. Five econometric tools were applied for accomplishing the objectives and it was evidenced that the American and Indian stock market are weak-form inefficient whereas most of the statistical tools adjudged three countries (i.e., Hong Kong, Singapore & South Korea) weak-form efficient. It was also unveiled in the study that settlement cycle, information disclosure, thinness of trading, trading hours, and market size could be the potential reasons impacting the weak form of efficiency of the stock market.
'Getting behind the image': personality politics in a Labour party election broadcast
Authors: Pearce Michael
Published: January 2017

The article examines a Labour party broadcast from the 1997 UK general election. I show how the film uses the conventions of a particular mode of contemporary documentary to present a portrait of Tony Blair. My main focus is on the way Blair's 'biography' is used for propaganda purposes, and how the tensions between the competing requirements of biography and propaganda manifest themselves textually. In particular, I examine Blair's strategic use of lifeworld discourses, and the role of pronominal choice in 'self' and 'other' referencing.
Design, analysis, and manufacture of a tension–compression self-centering damper based on energy dissipation of pre-stretched superelastic shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Alipour Amin , Kadkhodaei Mahmoud , Safaei Mohsen
Published: January 2017

Superelastic shape memory alloys dissipate significant amount of energy since they recover large transformation strains upon mechanical unloading. Due to their dissipation properties, shape memory alloys can be effectively employed as dampers. Design, simulation, and fabrication of a newly developed superelastic shape memory alloy damper are discussed in this article. To enhance the stroke and dissipation capacity of the proposed damper, a system is implemented which operates more efficiently than a single shape memory alloy wire. Although shape memory alloy wires can only undergo tension, the new system enables the damper to be loaded in both tension and compression. Two damping groups are employed in this mechanism: one of which is activated during tension and the other is activated during compression of the damper. Each damping group consists of two shape memory alloy wires acting in the opposite directions to increase the damping capacity of the system. The mechanical responses of the individual components as well as the assembled damper are simulated. The predicted performance of the damper is then validated through tension/compression tests on the fabricated sample. Numerical and experimental force–displacement curves are also shown to be in a good agreement. The effect of different parameters on damping ratio and dissipated energy of the presented damper is investigated.
The Role of Field Study in Humanistic and Interdisciplinary Environmental Education
Authors: Alagona Peter S. , Simon Gregory L.
Published: January 2017

This paper argues that field courses can improve college students' interest and engagement not only in the environmental sciences, but also in the environmental humanities—including environmental history, philosophy, and literature. We base this argument on five years of experience teaching an environmental studies field course through the Wildlands Studies Program in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. In the paper we draw from field notes, discussions with students, correspondence with other instructors, and a survey sent to all of our former students. We conclude that three factors—the field immersion experience, the small group dynamic, and the curriculum design—all contributed to an increase in our students' interest and engagement in the environmental humanities.
Facilitator, Teacher, or Leader? Managing Conflicting Roles in Outdoor Education
Authors: Thomas Glyn
Published: January 2017

A facilitator is commonly defined as a substantively neutral person who manages the group process in order to help groups achieve identified goals or purposes. However, outdoor educators rarely experience the luxury of only managing the group process, because they are typically responsible for the provision of leadership, skill instruction, and safety management. Based on personal experience, the literature on facilitation, and my research on the theories and practices of facilitator educators providing facilitation training courses in Australia and New Zealand, I recommend strategies for managing the potentially conflicting facilitation roles that outdoor educators may be required to fulfill. The five facilitator roles identified by Schwarz (2002), which serve as a theoretical framework for this paper, are facilitator, facilitative leader, facilitative trainer, facilitative consultant, and facilitative coach. The similarities and differences between these roles are discussed, as are strategies that outdoor educators can apply to optimise their use of, and movement between, these roles.
Living Without Boys: A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Skills Gained at All-Female Camps
Authors: Whittington Anja , Garst Barry A. , Gagnon Ryan J. , Baughman Sarah
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of all-female camp experiences on women’s lives. Using a retrospective approach, this study collected qualitative data from 131 women to examine the benefits of all-female camp experiences, to analyze the skills they gained at camp, and to understand how they apply these skills to their adult lives. Benefits of an all-female camp experience identified through qualitative analysis included focused time, supportive environment, and challenging gender norms. Skills that the women gained at camp and apply to their everyday lives were developed into the following themes: social development (communication, teamwork, cultural sensitivity, respect for others, community building, tolerance, working with diverse personalities), career development (leadership, perseverance, time management, influenced career direction), and personal development (resilience, sense of self, self-reliance, self-esteem, confidence, independence). Study findings suggest that these skills have personal and professional applications across women’s lives.
The Discursive Construction of Corruption Risk
Authors: Slager Rieneke
Published: January 2017

Increasing attention is being paid to the shadow cast by corruption in the private sector, due in part to the efforts of a global anti-corruption regime. The discourse of this anti-corruption regime has been critically analyzed, but we still know relatively little about how the concept of anti-corruption risk is constructed. This article contributes to filling this gap by examining how accountants construct the concept of anti-corruption risk in their discourse aimed at private sector audiences. The findings show how their discourse exposes a central tension in the anti-corruption regime between corruption prevention and detection. Implications for discursive perspectives on (anti-)corruption are discussed.
Faking It for the Higher-Ups: Status and Surface Acting in Workplace Meetings
Authors: Shumski Thomas Jane , Olien Jessie L. , Allen Joseph A. , Rogelberg Steven G. , Kello John E.
Published: January 2017

Recent evidence suggests that surface acting occurs in workplace meetings. Even in light of these findings, it remains unknown why employees would choose to surface act in meetings with their colleagues and supervisors, and how this form of emotion regulation affects employees in the short term. A sample of working adults were asked to report their levels of surface acting during multiple workplace meetings. Results indicate that employees engage in surface acting during meetings, and that their surface acting is positively related to the presence of higher status attendees in these meetings. In addition, surface acting during meetings is negatively related to perceptions of both meeting psychological safety and meeting effectiveness. We also highlight the important role of one’s job level as a moderating condition when examining the relationship between surface acting and perceived meeting effectiveness. Our results suggest that individuals who are higher up in an organization’s hierarchy may perceive meetings as less effective when they surface act when compared with individuals who are in lower levels of the organization.
Neuronal Plasticity and Temporal Adaptivity: GasNet Robot Control Networks
Authors: Smith Tom , Husbands Phil , Philippides Andy , O'Shea Michael
Published: January 2017

Designing controllers for autonomous robots is not an exact science, and there are few guiding principles on what properties of control systems are useful for what kinds of task. In this article we analyze the functional operation of robot controllers developed using evolutionary computation methods, to elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of the underlying control system class. By comparing and contrasting robot controllers based on two different classes of artificial neural network, the GasNet and NoGas networks, we show that the increased evolvability of the GasNet class on a visual shape discrimination task is due to the temporally adaptive nature of the GasNet, where neuronal plasticity mediated through the concentration of virtual neuromodulatory "gases" occurs over a wide range of time courses. We argue that the availability of mechanisms operating over a wide range of potential time courses is a crucial property for controllers used to generate adaptive behavior over time, and that the design process should easily be able to adapt those time courses to the natural time scales in the environment.
An Evolutionary Ecological Approach to the Study of Learning Behavior Using a Robot-Based Model
Authors: Tuci Elio , Quinn Matt , Harvey Inman
Published: January 2017

We are interested in the construction of ecological models of the evolution of learning behavior using methodological tools developed in the field of evolutionary robotics. In this article, we explore the applicability of integrated (i.e., nonmodular) neural networks with fixed connection weights and simple 'leaky-integrator' neurons as controllers for autonomous learning robots. In contrast to Yamauchi and Beer (1994a), we show that such a control system is capable of integrating reactive and learned behaviour without explicitly needing hand-designed modules, dedicated to a particular behavior, or an externally introduced reinforcement signal. In our model, evolutionary and ecological contingencies structure the controller and the behavioral responses of the robot. This allows us to concentrate on examining the conditions under which learning behavior evolves.
Violence in the Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: Cembrowicz S P , Shepherd J P
Published: January 2017

Crimes of violence are recorded increasingly frequently, including those involving health professionals. We reviewed records of violent incidents kept for a major Accident and Emergency Department over a ten-year period. Details were recorded in a Violent Incident Book by all grades of A/E staff, and separate records were kept by hospital security officers. A total of 407 incidents were recorded. Numbers, rank and sex of staff assaulted, types of assault, injuries received, weapons used and characteristics and disposal of perpetrators were recorded. Many were young males who had been drinking: others were regular attenders, of whom three subsequently died and one convicted of murder. Nurses and male doctors appeared to be at the greatest risk of assault and receptionists at the least risk. Recording of violent incidents and subsequent prosecution seemed inconsistent, and may have reflected the lack of a code of practice in this area. Suggestions are made about preventing, predicting and dealing with violence, and its aftermath, in the A and E department, including the use of security officers and closed circuit television, waiting room design, the recognition of body language and signs of alcohol or substance intoxication. The importance of staff support after an assault is emphasized, including immediate and long-term counselling, provision of legal advice, criminal or civil court action, victim support schemes and the workings of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board. Free legal advice for staff assaulted at work should be included in the terms of service of NHS staff.
Injuries Due to Violent Crimes
Authors: Ström Christer
Published: January 2017

This is a study of police reported assaults during 1979, 1982 and 1985 in the County of Kopparberg. Criminological and odontological variables of 1,870 cases of assaults reported to the police during these three separate one-year periods were collected and analysed.

Most of the cases were from densely populated areas. There was an increase in cases from 1979 to 1985, particularly of violence in residences. No differences in the type or kind of assault could be found. The proportion of women victims increased markedly and, to a lesser extent, so did the proportion of women offenders.

One third of the victims were not injured by the assault, one third suffered haematomas or swellings and one third suffered wounds. 6.5 per cent of the total had fractures. The left side of the face was the most common site of soft-tissue injuries and zygomatico-orbital fractures.

No aggravation of the violence or the resultant injuries could be found during these periods.
Premeditated Assaults on Young Boys by a Man with Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus — A Cognitive-Behavioural Approach to Treatment
Authors: Houston Julia C
Published: January 2017

This paper describes the case of a 25-year-old man with spina bifida and hydrocephalus, who had at least a ten-year history of physically assaulting young boys. Anti-social behaviour is reported as comparatively rare in people with this disability, and the case study illustrates how psychological assessment and treatment techniques were successfully applied. Information from his personal history plus a functional analysis of the assaults suggested that a combination of existing psychological difficulties and learning experiences contributed to the development of his behaviour. A behavioural model of the psychological mechanisms underlying the behaviour was suggested and treatment objectives defined. Cognitive and behavioural treatment techniques were adapted where necessary, with a good outcome. A gap in services for physically handicapped people with behavioural problems is noted and briefly discussed.
Fatal Self-Induced Hyperinsulinaemia: A Delayed Post-Mortem Analytical Detection
Authors: Patel F
Published: January 2017

The inconspicuous number of cases of self-induced hyperinsulinaemia reported in the literature may suggest that many are obscure enough to escape their detection. A case of fatal suicidal hyperinsulinaemia in a non-diabetic is reported here, and in whom only a retrospective biochemical analysis provided an explanatory cause of death. A quantitative radioimmuno assay (RIA) estimation of the refrigerated postmortem blood sample stored at 4°C for three weeks gave a positive insulin yield.

It reiterates the need, in forensic cases, for a very low threshold of suspicion and a good back-up for the appropriate body fluid analysis or tissue microexamination, especially when full details of the circumstances surrounding the death are not available at the autopsy.

A brief résumé on insulin is presented as a background to the current forensic interest in the apparent increase in sudden deaths in young diabetics amidst the controversy about the bio-designed ‘human’ insulin and subjective unawareness of severe hypoglycaemia.
Blood Management Strategies to Reduce Transfusions After Elective Lower-Extremity Joint Arthroplasty Surgeries: One Tertiary Care Hospital’s Early Experience With an Alternative Payment Model—a Total Joint “Bundle”
Authors: Kansagra Ankit , Andrzejewski Chester , Krushell Robert , Lehman Andrew , Greenbaum Jordan , Visintainer Paul , McGirr Joan , Mahoney Kathleen , Cloutier Darlene , Ehresman Alice , Stefan Mihaela S.
Published: January 2017

Blood loss associated with lower-extremity total joint arthroplasty (TJA) often results in anemia and the need for red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs). This article reports on a quality improvement initiative aimed at improving blood management strategies in patients undergoing TJA. A multifaceted intervention (preoperative anemia assessment, use of tranexamic acid, discouragement of autologous preoperative blood collection, restrictive RBCT protocols) was implemented. The results were stratified into 3 intervention periods: 1, pre; 2, peri; and 3, post. Fractional logistic regression was used to describe differences between various intervention periods. During the study period, 2511 patients underwent TJA. Compared with the preintervention period, there was 81.8% decrease in total units of RBCT during the postintervention period. Using activity-based costing (~$1000/unit), the annualized saving in RBC expenditure was $480 000. A multidisciplinary approach can be successful and sustainable in reducing RBCT and its associated costs for patients undergoing TJA.
The Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Residential Care
Authors: James Sigrid , Thompson Ronald W. , Ringle Jay L.
Published: January 2017

Using data from a U.S. survey of residential care providers on the utilization of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in residential care, this study examines outcomes, processes, and barriers related to the implementation of EBPs. Descriptive data on 115 EBPs implemented in 66 residential care agencies were analyzed with regard to multiple domains of implementation outcomes, such as the adoption, appropriateness, fidelity, and sustainability of EBPs. Study results showed that residential care programs are primarily implementing EBPs that target specific client problems and populations and address prevalent problems of trauma and emotional disorders. A low rate of utilization of milieu-based program models, which were specifically designed for residential care, was noted. Child care staff were mostly excluded from the training and delivery of EBPs. Although providers reported that implementation of EBPs yielded desired results, considerable barriers persisted. Fidelity data raised questions about the degree to which agencies are in fact implementing EBPs. Findings from this exploratory study are meant to encourage further inquiry of the conditions necessary in residential care programs to foster openness toward the implementation of EBPs and to achieve sustained success.
Pathways Forward for Embracing Evidence-Based Practice in Group Care Settings
Authors: Lee Bethany R. , McMillen J. Curtis
Published: January 2017

Evidence-based practices are often discussed but less easily implemented. Almost all the existing manualized, diagnostic-specific evidence-based practices were neither designed for nor tested in residential programs. However, a recent survey of group care providers found great interest and some success in infusing evidence-based programs and practices in serving youth. This article described four possible pathways for group care programs to pursue to advance the use of evidence-based practices and programs. These examples include using the common elements approach, building a home-grown program and its evidence, adapting an existing manualized practice for a group care setting, and adapting a residential program to incorporate an evidence-based practice. An extended case study is provided to illustrate the process and potential challenges of creating an intervention and testing it in a group care setting.
Comparison of Transtibial Amputations in Diabetic Patients With and Without End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Wukich Dane K. , Ahn Junho , Raspovic Katherine M. , Gottschalk Frank A. , La Fontaine Javier , Lavery Larry A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to report on a consecutive series of 102 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent transtibial amputation (TTA) for chronic infections and nonreconstructable lower extremity deformities. A secondary aim was to compare the outcomes of TTA patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis (ESRD) to patients without ESRD, and to identify risk factors for mortality after TTA.

Methods:

This cohort involved a consecutive series of patients who were treated by a single surgeon. The TTA patients were divided into 2 groups for analysis. The study group included those patients with ESRD who underwent TTA, and the control group included those patients who did not have ESRD.

Results:

At the time of final follow-up, 64 of 102 patients were ambulatory with a prosthesis. There was a significant improvement in ambulatory status after amputation (preoperatively 45.1%, postoperatively 62.7%, P = .02). Wound healing complications (infection and/or dehiscence) occurred in 31 of 102 patients and led to a transfemoral amputation in 4 patients. After TTA patients with ESRD were significantly more likely to die (52.4% vs. 23.5%, p <0.05) and significantly less like to ambulate (42.9% vs. 67.9%, p <0.05) than patients without ESRD. Contralateral foot problems after the TTA occurred in 33 of 97 patients and resulted in 10 patients undergoing a contralateral transtibial amputation. Excluding patients with bilateral amputations (5 prior to and 10 after the index amputation), 64 of 87 patients with successful unilateral transtibial amputations were able to ambulate with a prosthesis. Thirty of 102 patients (29.4%) died during the follow-up period, and 6 of these deaths occurred during the perioperative period (within 30 days of surgery). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to the use of staged TTA, need for transfemoral amputation, or wound healing problems at the amputation site. Patients who were unable to walk postoperatively had a calculated 5-year survival rate of 30.1%, whereas those who were ambulatory had a 5-year survival rate of 68.8%. Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a 62% reduced risk of mortality in patients who were able to ambulate after LEA compared with those patients who were not able to ambulate.

Conclusion:

TTA in patients with diabetes was associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Risk factors that were significantly associated with an increased rate of mortality were the presence of ESRD, age ≥56 years, and inability to ambulate postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case controlled study.
Predictors of Patient-Reported Function and Pain Outcomes in Operative Ankle Fractures
Authors: Dean Daniel M. , Ho Bryant S. , Lin Albert , Fuchs Daniel , Ochenjele George , Merk Bradley , Kadakia Anish R.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Risk factors associated with short-term functional outcomes in patients with operative ankle fractures have been established. However, no previous studies have reported the association between these risk factors and functional outcomes outside of the first postoperative year. We identified predictors of functional and pain outcomes in patients with operative ankle fractures using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) measures.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a multicenter cohort of patients ≥18 years old who underwent operative management of closed ankle fractures from 2001 to 2013 with a minimum of a 2-year follow-up. Patients with pilon variants, Maisonneuve fractures, Charcot arthropathy, prior ankle surgery, and chronic ankle fractures were excluded. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were contacted and evaluated using the PROMIS PF and PI computerized adaptive tests. Patient demographic and injury characteristics were obtained through a retrospective chart review. Univariate and multivariate regression models were developed to determine independent predictors of physical function and pain at follow-up. Included in this study were 142 patients (64 women, 78 men) with a mean age of 52.7 years (SD = 14.7) averaging 6.3 years of follow-up (range 2-14).

Results:

Patients had a mean PF of 51.9 (SD = 10.0) and a mean PI of 47.8 (SD = 8.45). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that independent predictors of decreased PF included higher age (B = 0.16, P = .03), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class (B = 10.3, P < .01), and higher body mass index (BMI; B = 0.44, P < .01). Predictors of increased PI included higher ASA class (B = 11.5, P < .01) and lower BMI (B = 0.41, P < .01).

Conclusion:

At follow-up, increased ASA class, increased BMI, and higher age at time of surgery were independently predictive of decreased physical function. Factors that were associated with increased pain at follow-up include lower BMI and higher ASA class. ASA class had the strongest effect on both physical function and pain.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Target-based algorithm for baseline correction of inconsistent vibration signals
Authors: Pan Chao , Zhang Ruifu , Luo Hao , Shen Hua
Published: January 2017

A target-based baseline correction algorithm that can directly assign acceleration/velocity/displacement values equal or close to preset target values is proposed in this study for correcting vibration acceleration signals with inconsistent initial velocities and displacements. Baseline shift or drift phenomena can arise for velocity and displacement values obtained by numerical integration of recorded acceleration signals using assumed initial values that are inconsistent with reality. Two indicators, the drift ratio and amplitude ratio, are also proposed to identify the degree of baseline drift and to evaluate the results of baseline correction. The traditional polynomial detrending algorithm has typically been used to remove unreasonable trends in time series, but insufficient attention has been paid to consistency between acceleration, velocity, and displacement, which is explicitly considered in the proposed algorithm. The target-based algorithm has two implementation schemes, that is, a precise scheme and a detrending scheme, which can be selected according to the degree of baseline drift. Three inconsistent vibration signals are considered to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm. The baseline shift or drift trends can be removed effectively using the proposed target-based algorithm with the drift ratio and amplitude ratio reduced to satisfactory ranges whereas the traditional method fails to correct these signals.
The Health Care Job Engine: Where Do They Come From and What Do They Say About Our Future?
Authors: Frogner Bianca K.
Published: January 2017

Health care has been cited as a job engine for the U.S. economy. This study used the Current Population Survey to examine the sector and occupation shifts that underlie this growth trend. Health care has had a cyclical relationship with retail trade, leisure and hospitality, education, and professional services. The entering workforce has been increasingly taking on low-skilled occupations. The exiting workforce has not been necessarily retiring or going back to school, but appeared to be leaving without a job, with potentially more child care duties, and with high rates of disability and poverty levels. This study also found that the number of workers staying in health care has been slowly declining over time. As the United States moves toward team-based care, more attention should be paid to the needs of the lower skilled workers to reduce turnover and ensure delivery of quality care.
Preparatory Journalism: The College Newspaper as a Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Bockino David
Published: January 2017

This study utilizes a national survey of college newspaper advisers to assess the internal workings of the college newspaper and its value as a pedagogical tool. It finds significant differences between the degree of audience and marketing coupling occurring within college and U.S. daily newspapers as well as differences in student autonomy among college newspapers with varying financial foundations. The results call into question the role of the college newspaper within a changing media environment.
An Examination of Print and Broadcast Journalism Students’ Personality Traits
Authors: Carpenter Serena , Hoag Anne , Grant August E.
Published: January 2017

Journalists identify with a medium because it aligns with their interests and talents, and they may resist tasks incongruent with their perceived creative strengths. Occupational conflict arises when one’s personality does not align with expected work tasks within a role according to Holland’s theory of vocational choice. We carried out a quantitative survey of aspiring print and broadcast journalists to investigate whether they differed in personality traits (i.e., extraversion, conscientiousness, life values, and journalism degree motivations). Results show broadcast journalism students perceived themselves as more extreme on many measures including extraversion, conscientiousness, and certain life values. Broadcast students were also more likely to choose journalism as a degree for social prestige, sports, reporting, and photography reasons, whereas print students were more likely to choose writing as their primary motivation.
Breast Cancer Survivors’ Contribution to Psychosocial Adjustment of Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients in a Computer-Mediated Social Support Group
Authors: Moon Tae-Joon , Chih Ming-Yuan , Shah Dhavan V. , Yoo Woohyun , Gustafson David H.
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the role of breast cancer survivors in a computer-mediated social support (CMSS) group for women with breast cancer. Applying a computer-aided content analytic method, the present study examined the differences in support provision between survivors and newly diagnosed patients. This study further investigated the impacts of survivor-provided social support on psychosocial adjustment of newly diagnosed patients. The results revealed that, compared with newly diagnosed patients, breast cancer survivors provided more emotional and informational support. Receiving emotional support from survivors contributed to an improvement in the quality of life and the depression of patients. The effects of survivor-provided informational support were not significant.
Problems Facing Schools and Departments of Journalism
Authors: Mckenzie Vernon
Published: January 2017

Following is a digest of the address of Dean McKenzie, AASDJ president, at the convention in New York City December 27, 1940.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: January 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the June issue must reach him by May 1.
Social Composition and Training of Milwaukee Journal News Staff
Authors: Prugger Francis V.
Published: January 2017

This is a pioneer study of the skill group which writes, edits and interprets the news for an influential metropolitan newspaper. It is a condensation of a master of arts thesis completed at the University of Minnesota.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin Fred E. , Luxon N. N.
Published: January 2017

The increasing impact of war on the United States found reflection in articles on journalism during the current period. Editors discussed the question of censorship while struggling to improve coverage of defense preparations. The Guild fight over leadership reached a climax at the Detroit convention when the issue was sent to the membership for a referendum decision. Numerous articles were noted on questions growing out of current federal legislation affecting publishing.

F.E.M.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: January 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the March issue must reach htm by February 1.
Animating Disability Differently
Authors: De Schauwer Elisabeth , Van de Putte Inge , Van Goidsenhoven Leni , Blockmans Inge , Vandecasteele Marieke , Davies Bronwyn
Published: January 2017

This article takes up Goodley’s challenge to explore the ways in which poststructuralist research methodologies open up new ways of thinking about encounters with disability. Working with the materiality of their own encounters with disability and the conceptual possibilities opened up in poststructuralist and new materialist thought, the six authors deconstruct the ability/disability binary through animating disability differently. They draw on memories generated in a collective biography workshop to explore the ways in which concepts, such as heterotopia, can be put to work to mobilize a humanity-in-common that is both multiple and open to differenciation, that is, to continuously becoming different.
Coffee Shops and Street Stops: Policing Practices in Gentrifying Neighborhoods
Authors: Laniyonu Ayobami
Published: January 2017

This article presents an empirical analysis of the postindustrial policing hypothesis, which argues that as cities pursue growth strategies designed to appeal to members of the so-called “creative classes,” they increasingly adopt punitive policing strategies, such as order maintenance policing. While several studies offer some evidence for the hypothesis, no study has yet tested the most direct spatial implication of this hypothesis within cities: that areas of a city undergoing gentrification or revitalization will evince higher levels of postindustrial policing. In a series of spatial Durbin models that utilize newly available data sets from New York City, this article demonstrates a strong positive association between gentrification and postindustrial policing. The article also finds that citizen demand for postindustrial policing is only weakly associated with its spatial distribution. These results and their potential implications are discussed in the conclusion.
The Effectiveness of EMAS as a Management Tool: A Key Role for the Internalization of Environmental Practices
Authors: Testa Francesco , Iraldo Fabio , Daddi Tiberio
Published: January 2017

A very extensive academic debate is currently ongoing regarding the managerial decision to adopt an environmental management system compliant with ISO 14001 or Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), and the respective effectiveness of the two metastandards. According to the institutional theory, the adoption of metastandards is driven by the need for social legitimacy, thus generating isomorphism among firms. The few existing studies on the internalization of these standards requirements have considered only specific aspects of the management system, such as the use of operational procedures in daily practices or employee involvement. To fill this gap, we investigated the level of internalization of EMAS requirements, taking into account all the key elements of the Deming Cycle. Using data from 224 questionnaires from EMAS organizations, we tested whether EMAS adopters with a higher internalization of its requirements (a) have better environmental performance and (b) are more motivated to make environmental investments. Our results clearly show that opting for a metastandard does not necessarily lead to homogenous behaviors among adopters. However, the level of internalization of its requirements both in terms of the strategies and daily operational procedures is a key determinant in achieving a real improvement in performance.
Surgical Considerations in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Shaw Fawwaz R. , Chen Jonathan M.
Published: January 2017

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is predominantly a neonatal congenital cardiac diagnosis in which the pulmonary veins fail to return to the left atrium. The presence or absence of obstruction defines the clinical presentation, and in the setting of obstructed pulmonary veins, this diagnosis represents a true surgical emergency. Improvements in perioperative care and refinement of surgical techniques continue to allow for improved survival and decreased morbidity. A description of the surgical anatomy and key concepts in the perioperative and surgical management of TAPVC are presented in this review.
Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in South Africa
Authors: McLean Joanne L , Lobetti Remo G , Mooney Carmel T , Thompson Peter N , Schoeman Johan P
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Hyperthyroidism is a disorder of older cats that may have a geographical variation in prevalence. Prevalence studies have not yet been performed in South Africa, a geographical area where hyperthyroidism in cats has recently been observed and where, reportedly, the incidence appears to be increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in South Africa and to identify any potential risk factors. Further information on the worldwide prevalence and possible causative factors would increase our understanding of the aetiology of this disease and help identify any preventive measures.

Methods

Serum total thyroxine (tT4) and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were measured in 302 cats aged 9 years and older that were presented at various veterinary clinics throughout South Africa. In cats with equivocal tT4 and undetectable cTSH values, serum free thyroxine (fT4) was also measured. At the time of blood sampling a questionnaire was completed regarding vaccination history, internal and external parasite control, diet and environment.

Results

Prevalence of hyperthyroidism (tT4 >50 nmol/l or tT4 between 30 and 50 nmol/l with TSH <0.03 ng/ml and fT4 >50 pmol/l) was 7% (95% confidence interval 4.4–10.4), with no significant difference between healthy (5%) and sick (8%) cats. Cats ⩾12 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, P = 0.02) and cats eating canned food (OR 2.1, P = 0.1) were more likely to be diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. No significant relationship between vaccinations, parasite control or indoor environment and hyperthyroidism was observed. Hyperthyroid cats were more likely to present with weight loss (OR 3.2, P = 0.01) and with a heart rate ⩾200 beats per min (OR 5, P = 0.01) than cats without the disease.

Conclusions and relevance

Hyperthyroidism does not appear to be uncommon in the South African cat population. Risk factors for hyperthyroidism, specifically older age and eating canned food, were present in this as in other reported populations.
Parametric analysis of wear factors of a wet clutch friction material with different groove patterns
Authors: Li M , Khonsari MM , McCarthy DMC , Lundin Joakim
Published: January 2017

The experimentally observed, two-stage wear in the wet clutch friction material is directly related to temperature and engagement load. To gain insight into the durability of the friction lining, an extensive parametric analysis of the factors is performed that takes into account different groove patterns (waffle shape, radial, and spiral), internal structure and material properties. The temperature field is predicted using a thermohydrodynamic analysis with the consideration of the asperity contact stress during the engagement process. The results should be useful to facilitate the industrial design of friction lining by avoiding costly wear test.
Obese adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome have elevated cardiovascular disease risk markers
Authors: Patel Sonali S , Truong Uyen , King Martina , Ferland Annie , Moreau Kerrie L , Dorosz Jennifer , Hokanson John E , Wang Hong , Kinney Gregory L , Maahs David M , Eckel Robert H , Nadeau Kristen J , Cree-Green Melanie
Published: January 2017

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, insulin resistance, an important factor in the development of CVD in adults, is common in adolescents with PCOS, yet data in adolescents are limited. Therefore, we sought to measure insulin resistance and CVD markers in obese youth with and without PCOS. Thirty-six PCOS and 17 non-PCOS adolescent girls who were obese, sedentary, and non-hypertensive were recruited from clinics located within the Children’s Hospital Colorado. Following 3 days of controlled diet and restricted exercise, fasting plasma samples were obtained prior to a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. PCOS girls were more insulin resistant than controls (glucose infusion rate 5.24±1.86 mg/kg/min vs 9.10±2.69; p<0.001). Girls with PCOS had blood pressure in the normal range, but had greater carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) (0.49±0.07 mm vs 0.44±0.06; p=0.038), beta stiffness index (5.1±1.3 U vs 4.4±0.9; p=0.037), and reduced arterial compliance (1.95±0.47 mm2/mmHg × 10−1 vs 2.13±0.43; p=0.047). PCOS girls had a normal mean lipid profile, yet had a more atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol distribution and had persistent elevations of free fatty acids despite hyperinsulinemia (68±28 μmol/mL vs 41±10; p=0.001), both potential contributors to CVD. Free fatty acid concentrations correlated best with all CVD markers. In summary, adolescent girls with PCOS have greater cIMT and stiffer arteries than girls without PCOS, perhaps related to altered lipid metabolism, even when clinical measures of blood pressure and cholesterol profiles are ‘normal’. Therefore, management of adolescent PCOS should include assessment of CVD risk factor development.
Learner-generated content and engagement in second language task performance
Authors: Lambert Craig , Philp Jenefer , Nakamura Sachiko
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the benefits of designing second language (L2) learning tasks to operate on learner-generated content (related to actual content in their lives and experiences) as opposed to teacher-generated content typical of current approaches to L2 task design (fictitious ideas and events created to provide an opportunity for meaningful language use). Thirty-two Japanese learners completed parallel versions of narrative tasks, which operated on learner-generated content and teacher-generated content respectively. Learner engagement in L2 use was measured in terms of behavioral, cognitive, and social components: behavioral engagement was measured in terms of effort and persistence in task completion; cognitive engagement in terms of attention to elaborating and clarifying content; and social engagement in terms of participants’ affiliation in the discourse. Results indicate that tasks operating on learner-generated as opposed to teacher-generated content had positive effects on all aspects of engagement in L2 use during task performance. Furthermore, participants’ affective responses to the respective conditions as reflected in a post-performance questionnaire corroborated the results for performance. This indicates that learners were also more affectively engaged in the performance of the tasks in the learner-generated content condition than they were in those in the teacher-generated content condition.