bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS ASUPAN MAKAN, KUALITAS TIDUR DAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA MAHASISWA OVERWEIGHT
Authors: Zuhelviany Zuhelviany , Jafar Nurhaedar , Hidayanti Healthy , Dachlan Djunaidi M , Salam Abdul
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi sering juga disebut sebagai silent killer. Prevalensi hipertensi diIndonesia menurut data Riskesdas 2018 pada usia 18 – 24 tahun sebesar 13,2%, usia 25 – 34tahun sebesar 20,13% dan usia 35 – 44 tahun sebesar 31,61%. Tujuan : Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan makan dan kualitas tidur dengantekanan darah pada mahasiswa overweight Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat UniversitasHasanuddin. Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian observasionalanalitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa overweightusia ≥ 18 tahun dengan sampel sebanyak 76 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampling ialahdengan menggunakan teknik total sampling, Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwasebanyak 76 mahasiswa overweight Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddinmemiliki asupan lemak kurang sebanyak 56,6%, asupan serat kurang sebanyak 100%, asupannatrium kurang sebanyak 85,5%, asupan kalium kurang sebanyak 100%, kemudian mayoritasmemiliki kualitas tidur buruk sebanyak 80,3% serta memiliki tekanan darah sistolik normalsebanyak 65,8% dan tekanan darah diastolik normal sebanyak 51,3%. Hasil uji chi squareyang dilakukan menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan makandengan tekanan darah (p>0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kualitas tidurdengan tekanan darah (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan makan(asupan lemak, serat, natrium dan kalium) dan kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah padamahasiswa overweight Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin.
MENCETAK GENERASI ANAK USIA DINI YANG BERJIWA QUR’ANI DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Hidayati Eka Wahyu
Published: June 2020

Al Qur’an adalah sumber segala ilmu. Baik itu ilmu umum, maupun ilmu agama. Anak usia dini sebagai generasi yang berjiwa qur’ani akan membuat pendidikan menjadi lebih baik. Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman hidup yang harus ditanamkan pada anak sedini mungkin agar mempunyai arah tujuan yang lurus dan benar. Penelitian ini menggunakan model kualitatif deskriptif dalam bentuk library research dengan metode dokumentasi untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang sudah ditentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui generasi anak usia dini yang berjiwa qur’ani dan perspektif pendidikan agama Islam. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu generasi anak usia dini qur’ani adalah generasi yang menjaga ayat-ayat Allah dihatinya, yang memiliki kepribadian Qur’ani, yang mengambil Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber utama kehidupannya melalui membaca, mempelajari, memahami dan mengamalkan Al Qur’an dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Kedua yaitu dalam perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam yaitu: dengan membangun kepribadian Qur’ani sejak dini dengan cara antara lain: membangun rasa cinta pada Al-Qur’an, memperdengarkan lantunan ayat Al Qur’an one day one juz, menumbuhkan mujahadah takwa kepada Allah, tadabbur Al-Qur’an, mengatasi rasa malas berinteraksi dengan Al-Quran, serta menyampaikan isi Al-Qur’an.
MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN MENGENALKAN CERITA RAKYAT
Authors: Kurniawaty Ria
Published: June 2020

Kemerosotan moral bangsa seperti yang terlihat dalam kehidupan masyarakat sekarang ini, salah satunya disebabkan karena hilangnya nilai-nilai karakter dalam diri manusia. Pendidikan karakter bukan saja tugas sekolah, tetapi juga menjadi tugas keluarga dan masyarakat. Waktu terbaik untuk membentuk karakter dimulai sejak anak-anak, karena setelah remaja akan sulit untuk membentuk atau mengubah perilaku buruknya, dari kecil anak harus dididik dan dibiasakan dengan karakter yang baik, agar ketika dewasa karakter yang baik itu sudah tertanah dalam diri mereka. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membiasakan anak untuk mendengar atau membaca cerita rakyat yang ada didaerahnya masing-masing. Melalui cerita, guru dan orang tua bisa menceritakan tokoh-tokoh yang ada dalam cerita, mana tokoh yang baik dan mana tokoh yang jahat, mana yang boleh ditiru dan mana yang tidak boleh ditiru. Sehingga nantinya diharapkan anak tumbuh menjadi pribadi dengan akhlak terpuji. Ada banyak pesan moral dan nilai-nilai luhur bangsa yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat, khususnya cerita rakyat dari Aceh, dengan membaca cerita rakyat anak juga akan lebih mengenal dan mencintai budaya bangsanya sendiri.
Обґрунтування концептуальних та наукових підходів щодо розвитку єдиної системи логістики в Збройних Силах України
Authors: Власов І.О. , Воробйов О.М. , Наконечний О.В. , Середа Ю.С.
Published: June 2020

Окупація Криму і підтримка Російською Федерацією сепаратистських рухів у Луганській та Донецькій областях засвідчили хибність актуальних до недавнього часу оцінок воєнно-політичної обстановки, що склалася навколо України, а також внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз національним інтересам держави. Аналіз проведення антитерористичної операції на території Донецької та Луганської областей (операції Об’єднаних сил) свідчить, що системи тилового, технічного, медичного та інших видів забезпечення потребувала швидкої адаптації до реальної обстановки, форм та способів застосування частин (підрозділів) на різних етапах її проведення. В контексті європейської інтеграції і нових завдань Збройних Сил України, пов’язаних з участю України в антитерористичних операціях, в миротворчій діяльності під егідою НАТО та ООН, виникає потреба реформування військ (сил), видів тилового, технічного та медичного забезпечення відповідно до вимог стандартів НАТО. Збройні Сили України потребують створення єдиної системи матеріального, технічного, транспортного, інженерно-інфраструктурного та медичного забезпечення, задоволення потреб життєдіяльності військ (сил) – впровадженням логістики, як системи управління сумісної з системою логістики армій НАТО, яка охоплює широке коло різноманітних питань планування, управління та організації забезпечення Збройних Сил. Організація і управління господарською діяльністю в зв’язку з розвитком ринкових відношень і формування багатовекторних економічних процесів, вимагає більш глибокого вивчення і практичного використання  положень нового наукового застосування – логістики, як системи управління матеріальними ресурсами.
Гендерна рівність в армії: участь жінок у військових діях в Антитерористичній операції (операції Об’єднаних сил)
Authors: Петрова Л.О. , Панфілов О.Ю.
Published: June 2020

Стаття присвячена аналізу актуальних проблем ґендерної політики в армії. Обґрунтовано принцип рівності, який має декілька проявів, одним із яких є принцип гендерної рівності, що означає рівний підхід до всього незалежно від статі. Проаналізовано гендерні стереотипи, гендерні нормативи поведінки і проблеми гендерної ідентифікації у сучасному українському суспільстві. Проблеми гендерних відмінностей особистісних властивостей пов’язані з тим, що внаслідок постійних динамічних змін у світі, виникає все більше запитань щодо впливу певних гендерних стереотипів на професійну діяльність особистості. Доведено, що на сьогодні ґендерна політика у Збройних Силах України не повністю відображає загальносвітові тенденції у сфері ґендерних відносин. На підставі даних інтерв'ювання розглядаються ролі жінок в Антитерористичній операції (операції Об’єднаних сил) на сході України і їх боротьба за рівні права і можливості в своїй державі.
Методика корегування відхилень літака для виводу його на заданий напрямок
Authors: Лучик Н.Ю. , Цибро Є.Г.
Published: June 2020

Розглядається методика корегування відхилень виводу винищувача на повітряну ціль за рахунок збільшення або зменшення крену під час розвороту на заданий напрямок. Професійна діяльність офіцера бойового управління у процесі наведення винищувачів на повітряні цілі може супроводжуватися помилками різної природи й характеру. Розглянуто, яким чином помилки наведення подачі команди на розворот не на розрахункових упередженій дистанції та інтервалу виконання розвороту для виводу винищувача на заданий напрямок, впливають на точність наведення. Надані практичні рекомендації офіцерам бойового управління щодо підвищення точності виводу винищувача на ціль.
TÜRKİYE’DE İLKOKUL DÜZEYİNDE AKICI OKUMA İLE İLGİLİ YAPILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: GÜRKANER Merve , GÜVEN Sevim
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de akıcı okuma ile ilgili ilkokul
düzeyinde yapılmış lisansüstü tezlerin betimsel olarak incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada durum çalışması yöntemlerinden belge durum çalışması
deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 2012-2018 yılları arasında
yayınlanmış, 2 doktora tezi, 9 yüksek lisans tezi olmak üzere toplam 11 adet
lisansüstü tezden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak doküman
analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme alınan lisansüstü tezler yazar, yıl,
kurum, tezin türü, amaç, yöntem, akıcı okuma stratejileri, örneklem
özellikleri, veri toplama araçları, verilerin analiz yöntemleri ve sonuçları
düzenlenip analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye’de akıcı okuma ile ilgili ilkokul
düzeyinde yapılan lisansüstü tezlerde yarı deneysel, deneysel, deneysel
olmayan, eylem araştırması, olgu bilimsel ve karma yöntemler kullanılmıştır.
Akıcı okuma stratejileri kullanılan tezlerde eşli okuma, koro okuma,
yapılandırılmış okuma, tekrarlı okuma, SQ3R, altı dakika yöntemi, yankılayıcı
okuma, okuyucu tiyatroları ve paylaşarak okuma gibi akıcı okuma stratejiler
kullanılmıştır. Örneklem yöntemleri olarak amaçlı örnekleme, kolayda örnekleme,
seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Akıcı okuma stratejileri
kullanılan lisansüstü tezlerin sonuçları akıcı okuma stratejilerinin
öğrencilerin okuma hızlarını, doğru okuma becerilerini, prozodik okuma
becerilerini, okuduğunu anlamalarını, akademik başarılarını ve okuma
motivasyonlarını olumlu yönde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak;
Türkiye’de ilkokul düzeyinde akıcı okuma ile ilgili farklı amaçlar ve farklı
yöntemler kullanılarak çeşitli lisansüstü tezler yayınlanmıştır. Bu
araştırmalarda akıcı okuma stratejilerinin akıcı okuma becerilerini artırdığı
gösterilmiştir. Son yıllarda akıcı okuma üzerine her yıl en az bir lisansüstü
tez yayınlanmasına karşılık bu alanda daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiği
saptanmıştır.
TURİZM İŞLETMECİLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN İNGİLİZCE VE MESLEKİ İNGİLİZCE KAVRAMLARINA İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARI
Authors: ÖZER Selda
Published: June 2020

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, Turizm İşletmeciliği öğrencilerinin “İngilizce” ve “mesleki
İngilizce” kavramlarına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya
koymaktır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni; amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt
örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2018-2019 Bahar döneminde bir turizm fakültesinde “Turizm
İşletmeciliği” bölümünde öğrenim gören son sınıf öğrencileriyle yürütülmüştür.
Çalışmaya toplam 48 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların
İngilizce ve mesleki İngilizce kavramlarına ilişkin sahip oldukları metaforları
ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla onlardan “İngilizce ... gibidir, çünkü ...” ve
“Mesleki İngilizce ... gibidir, çünkü ...” cümlelerini tamamlamaları istenmiş
ve veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda,
hem İngilizce hem de mesleki İngilizceye yönelik 43 farklı metafor üretildiği
belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin İngilizceye yönelik en fazla başvurdukları
metaforun “su” olduğu, mesleki İngilizceye yönelik en fazla başvurdukları
metaforun “merdiven” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hem İngilizce hem de mesleki
İngilizceye yönelik 43 metaforun “canlı varlık”, “cansız varlık”, “kavram”,
“terim”, “yiyecek-içecek” ve “diğer” olarak 6 farklı kategori altında
toplandığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Aproximación cartográfica a la vulnerabilidad estructural ante sismos empleando una metodología cualitativa: aplicación para la Ciudad de Toluca
Authors: Ordaz Hernández Alexis , Hernández Millán Jaime Amador , Garatachia Ramírez Juan Carlos
Published: June 2020

La vulnerabilidad constituye aquella variable en que los tomadores de decisiones pueden influir, especialmente cuando se analiza un espacio geográfico ya construido en condiciones de peligro símico evidente. Este caso de estudio se enfoca en el análisis de la vulnerabilidad estructural del fondo habitacional de la Ciudad de Toluca, empleando una metodología cualitativa. Se consideraron tres indicadores: tipologías constructivas, edad de las construcciones y el periodo constructivo en función de la aplicación del Reglamento General de Construcciones del Municipio de Toluca. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar cuatro niveles de vulnerabilidad estructural, sobresalen 866 manzanas con vulnerabilidad muy alta y 1430 con alta vulnerabilidad, donde aproximadamente residen 218 314 personas. La cartografía generada puede ser considerada un insumo en los planes de reducción de la vulnerabilidad estructural para manejar el riesgo de desastres. Así mismo, quedaron enunciadas algunas líneas de investigaciones para futuros trabajos, especialmente en la definición de funciones de vulnerabilidad para las edificaciones típicas de la ciudad y el análisis del efecto de sitio a partir de las condiciones geotécnicas dentro del escenario urbano.
Policies That Define Instruction: A Systematic Review of States’ and Districts’ Recommendations for Evaluating Special Educators
Authors: Gilmour Allison F. , Jones Nathan D.
Published: June 2020

Educational policies addressing instruction may fail to acknowledge that effective instruction is not the same for all learners. We reviewed teacher evaluation systems across all states and the 25 largest districts to determine how states and districts approach the evaluation of special education teachers, a policy aimed at improving teaching effectiveness. We found that most states and districts did not provide guidance to schools for adapting evaluation systems for these teachers. Some states provided guidance on technical aspects of special education teacher evaluation, such as incorporating student achievement into special education teachers’ scores. Districts were more likely to focus on instructional considerations. We discuss the implications of these findings for policies that aim to promote the use of effective instructional practices.
Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of mosaicism for chromosome t (7; 14) with a favorable outcome
Authors: Lu D. , Cao D. , Zhao Q. , Chen X.
Published: June 2020

We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for chromosome t (7; 14) with a favorable fetal outcome. Similar chromosomal abnormalities have been observed in patients with hematologic malignancy. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed no genomic imbalance, prenatal ultrasound examination revealed no intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or dysmorphisms in this fetus. Therefore, combination of karyotype analysis, CMA, genetic counseling and prenatal ultrasound will prove a more specific risk evaluation for chromosomal translocation and mosaicism.
Short term outcomes of a new non-dissection minimally invasive surgery method for cystocele repair
Authors: Calongos G. , Tsuji Y. , Ito Y. , Handa M. , Kubota Y. , Ida A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of investigation: The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of our new surgical technique for cystocele treatment. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed from May 2017 to October 2018 with a minimum stage III cystocele were included. Our new technique was performed bilaterally using two polypropylene monofilament suture threads. The suture started at the level of the left bulbo cavernosus muscle and continued to the right and then to the left uterosacral ligament. With the second thread, the suture was made on the opposite side to that described above. Patients were followed-up for a minimum of six months post-operatively (mean 9.9 months). Results: No intra-surgical or post-surgical complications were observed. Only one patient presented with a cystocele recurrence during follow-up, but did not require treatment. Conclusion: The new surgical technique was found to be safe and effective for cystocele repair in this study.
Factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Keren G. , Ayala G.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP) is a common health condition during pregnancy, often referred to as ‘morning sickness’. The most severe degree is Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG). The reasons for this phenomenon are still somewhat unclear. Methods: The sample included 201 fertility-age women, who had experienced at least one pregnancy. Data were gathered by a questionnaire that included sociodemographic questions and validated questionnaires: BSI, anxiety state and anxiety trait. Results: A relationship was found between existing gastrointestinal disorders and HG, and anxiety state and HG. Logistic regression significantly showed that previous gastrointestinal disorders predicted HG. Discussion: It seems that the emotional state and physical condition are related to HG, and that women with gastrointestinal diseases are more likely to suffer from HG.
Ulcus cruris caused by a giant pelvic mass: A case report
Authors: Goksedef P.C. , Gökce S. , Herkiloglu D. , Ermin S. , Ekmez M.
Published: June 2020

Background: The cause of most leg ulcers is vascular insufficiency. The most common are arterial and venous leg ulcers. Case Summary: We report a large therapy-resistant ulcer present for a year on the right leg of a 42-year-old woman who also had a large uterine myoma. In this case, we suspected that the uterine myoma was compressing the right common iliac vein and caused leg ulcer. It regressed approximately three months after a myomectomy, and no further treatment was required. Conclusion: In individuals with insufficient collateral vessels, a large uterine myoma can be the cause of venous insufficiency in the leg when it compresses the pelvic vessels enough to disrupt circulation.
Studying Anti-Social Behaviour on Reddit with Communalytic
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Mai Philip , Vahedi Zahra
Published: June 2020

The chapter presents a new social media research tool for studying subreddits (i.e., groups) on Reddit called Communalytic. It is an easy-to-use, web-based tool that can collect, analyze and visualize publicly available data from Reddit. In addition to collecting data, Communalytic can assess the toxicity of Reddit posts and replies using a machine learning API. The resulting anti-social scores from the toxicity analysis are then added as weights to each tie in a "who replies to whom" communication network, allowing researchers to visually identify and study toxic exchanges happening within a subreddit. The chapter consists of two parts: first, it introduces our methodology and Communalytic’s main functionalities. Second, it presents a case study of a public subreddit called r/metacanada. This subreddit, popular among the Canadian alt-right, was selected due to its polarizing nature. The case study demonstrates how Communalytic can support researchers studying toxicity in online communities. Specifically, by having access to this additional layer of information about the nature of the communication ties among group members, we were able to provide a more nuanced description of the group dynamics.
LSD of the children with ASD after special schooling - A Comparative Analysis
Authors: MUKHERJEE AMAL SANKAR
Published: June 2020

320 kids were selected from different special schools
of South Kolkata who had minor autistic problems based on the identification of
their special schools. Now randomly chosen 150 among them who had no
development at the time of their entry to schools.

Now all the 150 students were divided into 3 groups by random selection
of the group members and different activities were provided to them in support
to test LD and SD.
A Grounded Theory on Overseas Filipino Workers' Interpersonal Conflicts
Authors: Naz Gremil Alessandro
Published: June 2020

The literature on interpersonal conflict management is already extensive and theories have been forwarded since the 1960s. However, these theories were created with proximal couples in mind. They do not address the situation of partners in long-distance relationships (LDRs). Thus, a grounded theory study was done among 10 Filipinos in LDRs. They were individually interviewed for about an hour per session and the interviews were transcribed. The transcriptions were then subjected to open coding, which yielded 18 open codes. During the selective coding, these were pared down to five categories. Their relationships were identified during the theoretical coding, which resulted in a grounded theory on conflict management in LDRs. This theory posits that the reason for the LDR; long-term relationship plans; communication practices; and the values, behaviors, and other attributes of the couple all shape long-distance conflicts. The computer-mediated communication technologies used by the long-distance couples were factors in relational maintenance.
Özerklik, Büyüme ve Kalite: İlhan Tekeli’nin Yükseköğretim Çalışmaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÇELİK Zafer
Published: June 2020

İlhan Tekeli, yaklaşık 50 yıllık süreçte yükseköğretim meselelerine yönelik birçok makale ve kitap yazmış, konuşmalar yapmıştır. Bu çalışma, İlhan Tekeli’nin Türkiye yükseköğretim tarihi, sorunları ve yükseköğretimdeki dönüşümler ile yükseköğretimde özerklik, büyüme ve kalite konularını nasıl tartıştığına odaklanmıştır. Tekeli’ye göre ideal üniversite, rektörünün öğretim üyeleri tarafından seçildiği Humboldt tarzı üniversitedir. Ona göre İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra üniversite dönüşmeye başlamış ve özerkliğini kaybetmiştir. Türkiye’de ise üniversitelerin 1946 yılında elde ettiği 1961 Anayasası ile kurumsallaştırdığı özerklik, YÖK’ün kurulmasıyla sona ermiştir. YÖK oldukça geniş yetkilere ve aşırı merkeziyetçi bir yapıya sahip olarak üniversiteler üzerinde denetimi iyice artmıştır. Ayrıca, Tekeli idari özerkliği üniversiteye içkin temel özellik olarak tanımlamıştır. Tekeli’ye göre aşırı güçlü ve yetkili rektörlerin varlığı öğretim üyelerinin akademik özgürlüğü ve katılımcı yönetim için en önemli sorunlardan biridir. Tekeli, üniversite özerkliğini sağlayacak, üniversiteleri daha demokratik kılacak bir reform ihtiyaç olduğunu belirtmiştir. Ayrıca Tekeli, yükseköğretim sisteminin büyümeye gereksinimi olduğunu ancak sistemin büyümesi için nitelikli doktoralı öğretim elemanlarının yetiştirilmesine öncelik verilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamıştır.
Draft Chapter – Science and the Swiss Public: Science-related Perceptions and Sources of Information in Switzerland
Authors: Media” “Communicating Sciences and Arts in Times of Digital
Published: June 2020

"Science and the Swiss Public" is an Excerpt from of the Upcoming Expert Group Report “Science in Public: The State of Science Communication and Public Engagement with Science in Switzerland”, to be published in 2021 by the Expert Group “Communicating Sciences and Arts in Times of Digital Media” of the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences. Readers are Invited to Provide Feedback as Outlined on the First Pages of the Preprint. Cite as: A+ Expert Group “Communicating Sciences and Arts in Times of Digital Media” (2020). Draft Chapter – Science and the Swiss Public: Science-related Perceptions and Sources of Information in Switzerland.
The Effects of Cannabis on Female Reproductive Health Across the Life Course
Authors: Corsi Daniel J , Murphy Malia Su-Qin , Cook Jocelynn
Published: June 2020

Cannabis is commonly used for its medicinal and therapeutic benefits and is also widely used as a recreational drug. Cannabis use has been increasing in Canada, including among Canadian women of reproductive age. Post-legalization, further increases in cannabis use are expected as a result of increased availability and lowered perceptions of harm. Although cannabinoids are well known for their effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, endocannabinoid receptors have also been characterized throughout the female reproductive tract. Cannabinoids may affect many aspects of female reproductive health, including fertility, pregnancy outcomes with neonatal implications, and menopause. The existing literature is primarily concentrated on the effect of cannabis use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, with little exploration of its impact on fertility and in later life. In this review, we consolidate the available literature to provide an overview of trends in cannabis use among women and review the impact of cannabis across the female reproductive lifespan. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using keywords and MeSH terms. Included studies were those reporting on the potential impact of cannabinoids on female fertility, pregnancy, transmission to breastmilk, neonatal outcomes and menopause.
علاج القبول والالتزام:1
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

ينتمي علاج القبول والالتزام إلى "الموجة الثالثة" للعلاج السلوكي. ويقصد "بالموجة الثالثة" أن العلاج السلوكي يقترب هنا من الظواهر المعقدة جداً للسلوك الإنساني، التي كان من الصعب الوصول إليها حتى الآن من خلال مبادئ الإشراط الإجرائي ومفهوم التمثل الاستعرافي للمعلومات. ومن بين هذه الظواهر المعقدة الوعي، والقبول والقيم الشخصية والروحانية.
Mindfulness as Practice: A Network Analysis of FMI data
Authors: Smith Joseph , Kempton Heather , Williams Matt N , van Ommen Clifford
Published: June 2020

Mindfulness research implicitly conceives of mindfulness as an identifiable real ‘thing’ that exists beyond what is directly observed. Recently, a new methodology has been developed which allows mindfulness to be modelled as a complex system or network at the level of self-report. In these models, items become a network’s nodes, and the statistical relations between them, edges. Interpreted causally, nodes are thought to increasingly influence each other via their edges, such that they become increasingly correlated. This study hypothesises that at a cross-sectional level, this may result in differences in overall network connectivity (density) between practitioners and non-practitioners.Mindfulness networks were estimated for practitioners and non-practitioners using the Friedberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). A total of 371 regular mindfulness practitioners and 283 non-practitioners (including 59 irregular practitioners) were recruited online from Amazon Mechanical Turk.Comparisons of practitioners’ and non-practitioners’ networks indicated that network density did not significantly differ, whereas evidence was found in support of a significant difference in network structure. An exploratory analysis revealed substantive group differences in how items (practices) were connected. In particular, the practice of Acceptance appeared more central to the practitioners’ network relative to the non-practitioners network, indicating Acceptance may be particularly useful for engagement in mindfulness practices.The study supports investigating mindfulness as a complex network at the level of self-report, with implications for how the development of mindfulness is conceptualised. The lack of difference in network density indicates that research is needed to examine network dynamics in the context of regular mindfulness practice.
Resilience During Uncertainty? Greater Social Connectedness During COVID-19 Lockdown is Associated with Reduced Distress and Fatigue
Authors: Nitschke Jonas P. , Forbes Paul , Ali Nida , Cutler Jo , Apps Matthew A J , Lockwood Patricia , Lamm Claus
Published: June 2020

Background: Social connections are crucial for our health and well-being. This is especially true during times of high uncertainty and distress, such as during the COVID-19 lockdown. This period was characterized by unprecedented social distancing measures resulting in significant changes to people’s usual social lives. Given the potential effects of this disruption on people’s wellbeing, it is crucial to identify factors which are associated with negative health outcomes, and conversely, those that promote resilience during times of adversity. Aims: We examined the relationship between individuals’ levels of social connectedness during lockdown and self-reported stress, worry, and fatigue. Method: Survey data was collected from 981 individuals in a representative sample of Austrian citizens. Data collection occurred during the last week of a six-week nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The final sample consisted of 902 participants. Participants were asked to complete validated questionnaires to assess levels of social connectedness as well as measures of perceived stress, worry—both general and COVID-19 specific—and symptoms of fatigue during the previous two weeks. Results: Our results demonstrate that greater social connectedness during the lockdown period was associated with lower levels of perceived stress, as well as general and COVID-19 specific worries. Furthermore, we found a negative relationship between fatigue and social connectedness, which was mediated by feelings of stress, general worries, and COVID-19 specific worries—respectively, indicating that individuals with smaller network sizes, who were highly distressed during the pandemic, were also likely to report feeling more fatigued. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the important role that social connections play in promoting resilience by buffering against negative physical and mental health outcomes, particularly in times of adversity.
Within-Person Variability in First Impressions from Faces
Authors: Gogan Taylor Diarmuid , Beaudry Jennifer L , Oldmeadow Julian
Published: June 2020

Perceptions of an individual can change dramatically across different images of their face. Questions remain as to whether some traits are more sensitive to image variability than others. To investigate this issue, we constructed a database of 340 naturalistic images consisting of 20 photos of 17 individuals. In this preregistered study, 95 participants rated all 340 images on one of three traits: trustworthiness, dominance, or attractiveness. Across images, trustworthiness judgements tended to vary more than dominance, which in turn varied more than attractiveness; however, the relative differences between traits depended on the identity in question. Importantly, despite the variability in ratings within identities, there were substantial differences between individuals, suggesting that these trait judgments are based to some degree on relatively invariant facial characteristics. We found greater between-identity variability for attractiveness judgements compared to trustworthiness and dominance. Future research should further investigate the extent to which each trait dimension is tied to the identity of the faces.
Test-retest reliability of four cognitive tasks in a not so WEIRD sample
Authors: Rodas Jose A. , Greene Ciara
Published: June 2020

Most cognitive tasks have been designed and tested in samples from Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries and it is usually assumed that their psychometric properties remain consistent regardless of culture. However, several studies have observed that culture can have important effects on cognition, which may ultimately affect the reliability of these tasks. In the present study, test-retest reliability of the Colour Word Stroop Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, Stop-Signal Task, and Updating Letter Memory Task were tested in a sample obtained from Ecuador, a population that does not share many of the characteristics of WEIRD countries. Most of the reliability scores obtained by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients in the Ecuadorian sample were similar to those found in WEIRD populations, ranging from moderate to good. Our results suggest that culture may not be an important factor in the reliability of cognitive tasks.
Math matters during a pandemic: A novel, brief educational intervention combats whole number bias to improve health decision-making and predicts COVID-19 risk perceptions and worry across 10 days
Authors: Thompson Clarissa A. , Taber Jennifer M , Sidney Pooja Gupta , Fitzsimmons Charles , Mielicki Marta , Matthews Percival G , Schemmel Erika , simonovic Nicolle , Foust Jeremy , Aurora Pallavi , Seah Tien Hong Stanley , Disabato David , Coifman Karin
Published: June 2020

At the onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic, our interdisciplinary team hypothesized that a mathematical misconception--whole number bias (WNB)--contributed to incorrect beliefs that COVID-19 was less fatal than the flu. We created a novel, five-minute online educational intervention, leveraging evidence-based cognitive science research, to encourage accurate COVID-19 and flu fatality rate calculations and comparisons. As predicted, adults (N = 1,297) randomly assigned to the intervention were more likely to correctly answer health decision-making problems and were less likely to report WNB errors in their problem-solving strategies relative to control participants. There were no immediate effects of condition on COVID-19 risk perceptions and worry; however, those in the intervention group did exhibit increased perceived risk and worry across 10 days of daily diaries. The intervention did not cause distress; instead, it increased positive affect. Ameliorating WNB errors could impact people’s risk perceptions about future health crises.
The Effect of Psychological Momentum on Performance Expectations Versus Performance Outcomes
Authors: Habbert Rachel , Schroeder Juliana , Markman Keith
Published: June 2020

People believe that momentum is a force that accounts for success, but does the power of momentum reside mostly in performers’ minds? Field data from an Ultimate Frisbee tournament (N = 519) and six experiments (n = 2,533) examined the effects of experiencing psychological momentum on players’ beliefs about their performance as well as their actual performance. In Experiments 1a-d, individuals who completed a competitive task that became progressively easier perceived that they had more psychological momentum and believed that they were more likely to win, but did not win more often. In Experiment 2, individuals who experienced positive momentum were more likely to incorrectly predict that they would win a competition, whereas participants who experienced negative momentum were more likely to incorrectly predict that they would lose. These discrepancies in predicted and actual outcomes occurred despite financial incentives to make accurate predictions and to win the competition, and with full knowledge of the competition task. Finally, individuals in Experiment 3 who experienced positive momentum were more likely to bet on their future performance, yet they did not perform better. Experiment 3 further examines two possible moderators of the effect of momentum on expected performance: players’ growth mindset about their skills, and whether they were an underdog in the competition. These results indicate that psychological momentum may influence performance expectations more than it influences performance outcomes.
I’m not sure that curve means what you think it means: Toward a [more] realistic understanding of the role of eye-movement generation in the Visual World Paradigm
Authors: McMurray Bob
Published: June 2020

The Visual World Paradigm (VWP) is a powerful experimental paradigm for language. Listeners respond to speech in a “visual world” consisting of potential referents of the speech. Fixations to these referents provides insight into the preliminary states of language processing as decisions unfold. The VWP has become the dominant paradigm in psycholinguistics and extended to every level of language, development, and disorders. Part of its impact is the impressive data visualizations which reveal the millisecond-by-millisecond timecourse of processing, and advances have been made in developing new analyses that precisely characterize this timecourse. However, all theoretical and statistical approaches make the tacit assumption that the timecourse of fixations is closely related to the underlying activation in the system. It is unclear if this assumption holds given the sequential nature of fixations, and their long refractory period. I investigated this assumption with a series of simulations. Each simulation starts with a set of true underlying activation functions and generates simulated fixations using a simple stochastic sampling procedure that respects the sequential nature of fixations. I then analyzed the results to determine the conditions under which the observed fixations curves match the underlying, the reliability of the observed data, and the implications for Type I Error and power. These simulations demonstrate that even under the simplest fixation-based models, observed fixation curves are systematically biased relative to the underlying and substantially noisier, with important implications for reliability and power. I then present a potential generative model that may ultimately overcome many of these issues. **This is a preprint of a manuscript that is under review. Please do not cite without the authors permission.
Context-dependent learning in social interaction: Trait impressions support flexible social choices
Authors: Hackel Leor M , Mende-Siedlecki Peter , Loken Siri , Amodio David
Published: June 2020

How do humans learn, through social interaction, whom to depend on in different situations? We compared the extent to which inferred trait attributes—as opposed to learned reward associations previously examined in feedback-based learning contexts—could adaptively inform cross-context social decision making. In four experiments, participants completed a novel task in which they chose to “hire” other players to solve math and verbal questions for money. These players varied in their trait-level competence across these contexts, and, independently, in the monetary rewards they offered to participants across contexts. Results revealed that participants chose partners primarily based on context-specific traits, as opposed to either global (e.g., cross-context) trait impressions or material rewards. When making choices in novel contexts—including determining who to choose for social and emotional support—participants generalized trait knowledge from past contexts that required similar traits. Reward-based learning, by contrast, demonstrated significantly weaker context-sensitivity and generalization. These findings suggest that people form context-dependent trait impressions from interactive feedback and use this knowledge to make flexible social decisions. These results support a novel theoretical account of how interaction-based social learning can support context-specific impression formation and adaptive decision making.
Covid-19’s Socio-Economic Impact on Low-Income Benefit Recipients: Early Evidence from Tracking Surveys
Authors: Enriquez Diana , Goldstein Adam
Published: June 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic and ensuing economic crisis have introduced manifold dislocations in Americans’ lives. Using novel survey data samples of SNAP recipients and Census Pulse survey data, we examine the socio-economic insecurities faced by low-income/benefits-eligible households during the early months of the crisis. Five repeated online surveys of SNAP recipients included measures of perceived and realized housing insecurity, food scarcity, new debt accrual, and recent job loss as indicators of Covid-induced shocks. We then compared our SNAP beneficiaries data to the Census data from a similar period on job loss, food insecurity, and housing precarity. Food insecurity and debt accrual worsened significantly between April and June 2020. Job losses also compounded, albeit at a slower rate. The proportion of respondents reporting multiple types of precarity increased over the month. Compared to Latinx and White respondents, Black respondents were more likely to experience Covid-induced precarity across three out of four indicators, and they experienced more types simultaneously on average. The results provide early systematic evidence on the economic impact of the Covid-19 crisis on poor Americans and racial disparities therein.
Causal Knowledge Extraction from Scholarly Papers in Social Sciences
Authors: Chen Victor Zitian , Campos Felipe Montano , Zadrozny Wlodek
Published: June 2020

The scale and scope of scholarly articles today are overwhelming human researchers who seek to timely digest and synthesize knowledge. In this paper, we seek to develop natural language processing (NLP) models to accelerate the extraction of relationships from scholarly papers in social sciences, identify hypotheses from these papers, and extract the cause-and-effect entities. Specifically, we develop models to 1) classify sentences in scholarly documents in business and management as hypotheses (hypothesis classification), 2) classify these hypotheses as causal relationships or not (causality classification), and, if they are causal, 3) extract the cause and effect entities from these hypotheses (entity extraction). We have achieved high performance for all the three tasks using different modeling techniques. Our approach may be generalizable to scholarly documents in a wide range of social sciences, as well as other types of textual materials.
Divorce, Economic Resources, and Survival Among Older Black and White Women
Authors: Wolfe Joseph D. , Thomeer Mieke Beth
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study identifies which midlife economic resources reduce the association between divorce and mortality risk among older Black and White women. Background: Despite evidence that divorce reduces longevity due to economic losses, research has not established which among several common economic resources related to divorce are most important for older women’s survival. There is also relatively little research on why marital inequalities in mortality are smaller among older Black women. Drawing from diverse areas of scholarship, we hypothesize that group differences in multiple economic resources explain this finding. Method: Fractional logistic regression and Gompertz proportional hazards models were estimated with data from the NLS-MW (N=4,668; nlsinfo.org) to examine the associations between divorce, economic resources, and mortality among older Black and White women (born 1923-1937). Results: Divorced White women had significantly less housing and financial wealth than their continuously married counterparts, and Both Black and White divorcées had less vehicle wealth and higher probabilities of indebtedness. With respect to survival, net worth and housing wealth accounted for the largest reductions in marital and racial differences in survival. Conclusion: Findings suggest that wealth—home wealth in particular—is key to understanding the greater longevity of married White women compared to Black women and divorced White women. Interventions aimed at reducing health disparities must first address the social practices creating economic inequalities.
Memory of the Warsaw Pact Intervention in the Post-August History 1968–1989
Authors: Černá Marie
Published: June 2020

The meaning of the Warsaw Pact intervention in August 1968 soon became a matter of political manipulation. The spontaneously shared notion of the “occupation” quickly turned into its very antithesis. The postulate of the “friendly assistance” of the Soviet Army gradually promoted on the official level played a key role in the policy of the so-called consolidation. As a consequence, the Prague Spring was denigrated as an attempted counterrevolution. The memory of the August “occupation” disappeared from the public sphere: It went underground or was pushed into the private sphere. The idea of the heroic and victorious fight against the counterrevolution, so much cherished by leftist radicals, reached its peak by the end of 1970 when it was confirmed by an official document. After that, it started losing its momentum as if the Prague Spring and the August events were rather due to fall into oblivion. But in 1989, the relevance of the 21st August suddenly reemerged in public protests against the Communist régime, which were taking place on that date. The article explores the coexistence/parallel lives of the three conflicting memories of the August 68 during the post-August history of normalization mentioned below: the privatized memory of occupation, the radical memory of fraternal assistance, and the policy of oblivion.
Indigenous Social Movements in the Americas
Authors: Kruk-Buchowska Zuzanna , Davis Jenny L.
Published: June 2020

The present text serves as an introduction to RIAS Vol. 12, Spring–Summer № 1 /2019, dedicated to Indigenous social movements in the Americas. It outlines the major areas of interest of the Contributors, explaining ways in which the issue explores selected cases of Indigenous resistance to oppressive forms of environmental, socio-economic, linguistic, and cultural colonialism. Looking at both multi-tribal and single-tribal contexts, the authors look at the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, the novels of Lakota/Anishinaabe writer Frances Washburn, the Two-Spirit movement in the U.S., and the Indigenous food sovereignty movement in the U.S. and Peru as sites of creative forms of decolonizing resistance, and analyze the material, discursive, and cultural strategies employed by the Indigenous activists, writers, and farmers involved.
Ten Restaurants That Changed America by Paul Freedman
Authors: Gora L. Sasha
Published: June 2020

L. Sasha Gora's review of Paul Freedman's study Ten Restaurants That Changed America. Liveright, 2016.
Area Studies Revisited Die Geschichte der Lateinamerikastudien in den USA, 1940 bis 1970 by Torsten Loschke
Authors: Prutsch Ursula
Published: June 2020

A book review of: Torsten Loschke, Area Studies Revisited. Die Geschichte der Lateinamerikastudien in den USA, 1940 bis 1970. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2019.
Conventional Wisdom and the Date of the Kunstmann I Chart
Authors: McIntosh Gregory
Published: June 2020

It has long been accepted by most historians that the manuscript chart on parchment known as “Kunstmann I,” signed by the famous Portuguese cartographer Pedro Reinel, was made about 1504. The purpose of the present paper is to advocate c. 1519 as a more likely date for the composition of the Kunstmann I chart. It will be seen that the original pronouncements of past historians for the earlier date were made before other documents found later in the nineteenth century shed light upon the Portuguese voyages to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Repeated by subsequent historians, the dating of c. 1504 become enshrined as conventional wisdom.
The Position of Sound in Audiovisual Maps: An Experimental Study of Performance in Spatial Memory
Authors: Siepmann Nils , Edler Dennis , Keil Julian , Kuchinke Lars , Dickmann Frank
Published: June 2020

Digital maps are known as reliable media for communicating spatial information. People use maps to make themselves familiar with new environments and to form cognitive representations of spatial configurations and additional semantic information that are coupled with locational information. Since the mid-1990s, cartographers have explored auditory media as cartographic elements to transfer spatial information. Among the established sound variants used in multimedia cartography, speech recordings are a popular auditory tool to enrich the visual dominance of maps. The impact of auditory elements on human spatial memory has hardly been investigated so far in cartography and spatial cognition. A recent study showed that spoken object names bound to visual location markers affect performance in memory of object locations. Map users tend to make significantly smaller spatial distortion errors in the recall of object locations if these locations are coupled with auditory semantic information (place names). The present study extends this approach by examining possible effects on sound position as cues for spatial memory performance. A monaural condition, where an auditory name is presented in a spatial location corresponding to the object location, is compared with a binaural condition (of no directional cue). The results show that a monaural communication additionally improves spatial memory performance. Interestingly, the semantic information bound to an object location appears to be the driving factor in improving this effect.