bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality Correlates of Volunteering Behavior
Authors:   , Tooley Jay
Published: February 2023

A study was carried out to further determine the personality traits, which are significantly related to volunteering behavior. It was hypothesized there would be a significant relationship between volunteering behavior and scores on the sub-tests Intraception and Heterosexuality of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. The subjects consisted of 266 female and male college students in four general psychology classes at Fort Hays Kansas State College. The subjects were administered the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule as part of their class work. At one week intervals, three successive requests for volunteers were made. This resulted in a breakdown of our volunteering categories based upon the number of times volunteered, disregarding attendance of the volunteering appointments. The hypotheses were not substantiated, neither Heterosexuality nor Intraception scores were significant at the .05 level of confidence. Two other variables, however, were found to be significantly related to volunteering behavior-Abasement and Aggression.
Modern Antiquities
Authors:   , Preston Teresa
Published: February 2023

Modern antiquities is a contemporary interpretation of objects and icons relating to the beliefs and customs of primitive cultures.
A Study of Non-Academically Inclined Students
Authors:   , Herren Albert
Published: February 2023

This study was to determine characteristics exhibited by a selected group or adolescent students whose intelligence test scores fell within the average range and whose Performance IQ on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was at least ten points higher than their Verbal IQ. These students are referred to by Wechsler as being \non-academically inclined”.
Variation in the southern short-tailed shrew, Blarina Carolensis
Authors:   , O'Neill Jennifer
Published: February 2023

The southern short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis) inhabits the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, the Gulf Coastal Plain, Florida, and the Atlantic Coastal Plain as far north as Virginia. Since its description by Bachman in 1837, this species has been widely studied and has a long and convoluted taxonomic history. Many of the morphometric studies were performed in different geographic locations and used different methodologies. These differences have made it difficult to make broad statements about the relationships within this species. Recently, a study of cranial measurements of specimens from the three subspecies of B. carolinensis found in Florida, identified a small population whose measurements were significantly different from other populations of Blarina in the state, which resulted in the recognition of another species, B. shermani. Thus, I examined the species as a whole and described how cranial morphology varied geographically. My study examined B. carolinensis in North Carolina and Virginia; compared the three subspecies to determine the amount of difference between them; and also tested for the presence of populations that exhibited noticeably different morphology from the bulk of the species. Specimens were borrowed from 28 museums. The following cranial measurements were recorded for each specimen: occipito-premaxillary length, cranial breadth, maxillary breadth, interorbital breadth, height of mandible, breadth of the condyloid process, and length of molariform tooth row. Principle Components Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed that B. c. peninsulae was often more different than not from B. c. carolinensis and B. c. minima; and there were mixed results for the type and amount of difference between B. c. carolinensis and B. c. minima. These results indicate the existence of two subspecies rather than three. One subspecies, B. c. peninsulae, is retained and is located in peninsular Florida. Blarina carolinensis minima is synonomized under B. c. carolinensis and is located throughout the rest of the species’ range.
Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Analysis of the Wolfcampion, Shafer Limestone Member, of the Elephant Canyon Formation, East-Central Utah
Authors:   , Seyrafian Ali
Published: February 2023

The Shafer Limestone is the upper-most member of the Wolfcampian Elephant Canyon Formation in east-central Utah. The unit is exposed at the Shafer Trail area and forms a marine carbonate tongue that thins eastward. The unit is conformable with underlying and overlying units but displays fairly sharp contacts. Fossils, oolites, pellets and terrigenous particles form the grains in the Shafer Limestone. The unit consists of light-gray to brownish limestone comprising mainly fossil grains at the Goose Neck, Dead Horse Point and Pyramid Butte areas to the west and terrigenous grains at the Potash area to the east. Brachiopods, crinoids, gastropods, and pelecypods are principal components of the fauna. Mineral composition includes calcite, dolomite, opaques, clay minerals, and ferromagnesian minerals in order of decreasing importance. Microspar and micrite, with minor amounts of spar, form the matrix and cement and both grain and non- grain supported fabric are present. The unit was deposited under a variety of shallow marine conditions when an arm of the sea transgressed from the Oquirrh Basin, which lay to the northwest of the area and reached as far southeast as the Potash area. The strata on the west side of the Shafer Trail area were deposited mainly in quiet subtidal environments, but deposition above the wave base, probably in a near-shore environment, is suggested for the eastern strata. Ecological conditions of the Shafer Sea as suggested by paleontological and sedimentological criteria indicate that clear, warm, shallow, normal marine conditions prevailed. These data suggest good circulation with moderate to high hydrodynamic energy. Abundant burrowing organisms, mainly gastropods and pelecypods, suggest that the bottom was soft.
Effectiveness of the Behavior Disorder Program at Barton County Special Education Services : Comparing Initial Evaluation Against Three Year Reevaluation Results
Authors:   , Maack Sylvia
Published: February 2023

Very few studies have dealt with the effectiveness of behavior disorder programs in special education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the behavior disorder program at Barton County Special Education Services by analyzing the improvement seen in intelligence, academic achievement, and behavioral test scores of students receiving these services. The students’ initial evaluation results were compared to their own second and third reevaluation results to determine whether there was significant improvement over time. Significant changes in test results were not found between first and second, and first and third reevaluations. Some test comparisons were not possible to analyze due to inconsistencies in their use from the initial to the following evaluations.
Learning Our Lessons: A Proactive Approach to Bibliotherapy and Its Application to Children
Authors:   , Augustine Marleah
Published: February 2023

The current study examined whether children can learn behaviors from fictional characters in books. Additionally, the researcher explored whether discussion of the topic at hand would improve the learning of those behaviors or if it would have no effect and reading alone can elicit change. Children in kindergarten and first-grade (n = 85) took both a pre-test and post-test about two separate topics, bullying and trying new things. They were assigned to four different groups: book only, discussion only, both book and discussion, and unrelated book. No significant differences were found between groups regarding the \trying new things\ topic, whereas there were significant differences between groups regarding the \bullying\ topic. The results indicate that bibliotherapy may be more effective for some topics rather than others or that children relate to characters or topics differently.
Scheduling Effects of Self-Monitoring on Verbal Classroom Behavior
Authors:   , Hammeke Thomas
Published: February 2023

The reactive effects of three schedules of self-monitoring of verbal classroom participation were assessed using a reversal design. One hundred and eight undergraduate students in five different college courses served as subjects. Half the subjects in each of three experimental classes self-monitored the frequency of classroom verbalizations under one of three self-monitoring schedules: continuous, intermittent, and continuous plus intermittent. The remaining students served as controls. The results indicated that only one of the experimental groups (continuous plus intermittent self-monitoring) was consistently affected by self-monitoring as measured by response rate change and percentage of days participating. The inconsistent effects of self-monitoring precluded a comparison of the differential scheduling effects. The results were discussed in relation to previous research involving self-monitoring reactivity and differential scheduling effects.
An Analysis of Directing Styles with an Emphasis on the Felten-Start Theatre Productions of Moon Over Buffalo and It Runs in the Family
Authors:   , Doll Michael
Published: February 2023

Two plays were direct at Felten-Start theatre, Moon Over Buffalo and It Runs In the Family to study different leadership styles as they were applied to the directing process. Records of the nightly rehearsals were kept as a reference tool. A major determinant of which leadership style was used depended on the experience level of the group. The less experienced the cast, the more autocratic directing method was needed. More mature and experienced groups retained their focus, which led to a more comfortable setting. This relaxed atmosphere offered more opportunities to sue democratic and laissez-faire leadership methods. This allowed for better communication.
The Scope and The Growth of The Janitor-Engineer Schools.
Authors:   , Lentfer Arthur
Published: February 2023

In recent years improvement in the quality of school buildings, equipment and supplies, qualifications of administrators, supervisors, teachers and almost all other employees have been advanced. Likewise requirements and standards for school janitors have begun or are increasing. Janitor-Engineer schools found within the borders of the United States, with special emphasis on the schools of Kansas, represent the scope of this study.
The Effect of Climate and Different Grazing and Dusting Intensities Upon The Yield of The Short Grass Prairies In West Central Kansas.
Authors:   , Lacey Marvin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this problem was to determine the effect of climate, amount of dusting, and degree of grazing by livestock and grasshoppers upon the quantity and quality of forage produced by various short grass pastures in west-central Kansas.
Ambiguity
Authors:   , Duffy Betty
Published: February 2023

A collection of mixed media art pieces centered around the theme of ambiguity.
Sexual Strategies, Condom Use, and Perceptions of Monogamy
Authors:   , Fenske Todd
Published: February 2023

The following study will examine the influence evolution has had on mating behavior. More specifically, the goal of this study is to determine whether sexual strategies influence how men and women perceive relationships. One-hundred and twenty-four volunteers over the age of 18 filled out a questionnaire that indicated the type of sexual strategy being used by each person. The questionnaire also asked volunteers to rate 5 relationship scenarios on five-point scale that ranged from “1. Very likely to be a monogamous relationship” to “5. Very likely to not be a monogamous relationship. Three main hypothesis were tested to determine if men and women were using different sexual strategies sand if sexual strategies had an influence on the perceptions of relationships. The first hypothesis proposed that more men than women would be using a short-term sexual strategy and more women than men would be using a long-term sexual strategy. Two Chi Square analyses were used to analyze the difference between men and women on this variable. The second hypothesis proposed that more women than men would report that they did not sue a condom during the last time they had sexual intercourse because they were in a long-term relationship. A Chi Square analysis was used to analyze the differences between men and women. The third hypotheses proposed that more women than men would perceive the last three relationship scenarios as being monogamous and more men than women would perceive the last three scenarios as being non-monogamous. Six Chi Square analyses were used to analyze the differences between the perceptions of men and women. These results indicate that more men than women use short-term sexual strategies and more women than men use long-term sexual strategies. These findings support Triver’s (1972) Theory of Parental Investment and Sexual Selection and Buss and Schmitt’s (1993) Sexual Strategies Theory. These data also indicate that the sexual strategy people use does not influence their perception of their current relationship or the relationship scenarios.
The Effect of Self Concept on Student's Performance of a Single Task Following Induced Success or Failure
Authors:   , Scott Dwayne
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the influence of self-concept on performance of two groups of students following induced success and failure. The Ss were 48 students ranging 8-10 years of age. One group attended a voluntary summer enrichment program. This group constituted the high self-concept (HSC) students. Ss in the HSC group were assigned on the assumption their past success experiences would result in a more positive self-concept. The low self-concept (LSC) group consisted of students referred by their teachers for a remedial program. The LSC students were assumed to have lower self-concepts because of their school failure experiences. All Ss in the HSC group had average to above average intelligence. The LSC group had average to below average intelligence. All Ss were given a seven item semantic differential scale for the purpose of obtaining a self-report evaluation. Ss in both groups were seen individually in session one. In session one Ss were given 10 trials to learn a finger maze. After a period of two days Ss repeated the same task using the same maze. Ss were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. At the beginning of session two Ss were given feedback according to one of the treatment groups. These groups were: 1) positive feedback, 2) no feedback, and 3) negative feedback. The results were analyzed by using a 2x3x2 analysis of variance design. The effect of self-concept on performance in session two was not significant. Practice effects over trials did occur.
An Exploratory Study of Attitudes Toward Human Sexual Expression
Authors:   , Smith Gwen
Published: February 2023

A status survey with post-hoc grouping was employed to investigate the adherence to a liberal or conservative attitude towards human sexual expression in 217 university students. The Sexual Attitude Scale (Hudson, Murphy, & Nuris, 1983) was employed. Fourteen null hypotheses were written and tested to study the effects of college classification levels, sex-class membership, age, marital status, and religious preference on attitudes toward human sexual expression. The findings of this study supported some of those found in the related literature, such as those found by Ubell (1984), and Medora & Woodward (1982). 1) No significant differences were found for male students by age levels. 2) No significant differences were found for female students by age levels. 3) Significant differences were found for college students by age levels. 4) No significant differences were found for male students by college classification levels. 5) No significant differences were found for female students by college classification levels. 6) No significant differences were found for college students by college classification levels. 7) No significant difference was found for males by marital status. 8) No significant difference was found for females by marital status. 9) No significant difference was found for college students by marital status. 10) No significant difference was found for single students by sex-class membership. 11) No significant difference was found for married students by sex-class membership. 12) Significant differences were found for college students by religious preference. 13) No significant difference was found for college students by sex-class membership. 14) Significant difference was found between the calculated mean of the total sample and the theoretical mean of the instrument.
An Annotated Bibliography of Suggested Free Reading For The Seventh Grade
Authors:   , Sipe John
Published: February 2023

The writer, in an attempt to encourage the free-reading habits of seventh grade students, has felt a definite need for a list of good books of different classes. This list would serve as a ready source for making recommendations to students according to their interests. A great number of bibliographies were available, but none could be found by the writer which would give an overall view of reading interests and still be concise enough for use as a quick reference. It is from this felt need for an easily accessible reference list that the basis for this study arose. Specifically stated, the problem of this study is the preparation of an annotated bibliography, organized under classified topics to meet the reading interests of seventh grade students.
The Battle for Gettysburg
Authors:   , Lyons Rebecca
Published: February 2023

The battle for Gettysburg has often been viewed as a commander's battle. Historians have eagerly read the official records looking for errors made by General Robert E. Lee that cost the Confederacy the battle, the plans for a successful Northern invasion, and twenty-three thousand soldiers, killed, wounded or missing. Historians have also considered Major General George Gordon Meade and the problems that Eleventh Corps commander Major General Oliver O. Howard had with the ex-Congressmen from New York City, Major General Daniel E. Sickles. Little notice has been given to the individual regiments that actually fought the battle. For instance, much has been written of Brigadier General G. K. Warren's frantic ride to find troops to man Little Round Top, but little is written, except in regimental histories, of the 20th Maine that defended that hill. This thesis describes the battle for Gettysburg, but with the emphasis placed on the regiments. The regiments described are the 24th Michigan, 145th New York, the 143rd, 149th and 150th Pennsylvania, the 20th Indiana, 2nd Massachusetts, 20th Maine end the 1st Minnesota For the Army of the Potomac. Those regiments representing the Army of Northern Virginia are the 15th Alabama and the 4th and 5th Texas Regiments. It is hoped that by considering the battle from the regimental point of view, Gettysburg will become less of a major chess game end more of what it actually was, frustration.
Study of the Economic Factors Affecting Labor Mobility in the United States from 1950 Through 01/01/1959
Authors:   , Price Hazel
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to consider the influence of the economic factors upon the individual in his decisions concerning mobility. Research materials were used from Forsyth Library, United States Commissioner of Labor Statistics, and the Hays Employment Security Division. An analysis of the size and distribution of the labor force preceded a discussion of the different types of labor mobility. Wages, family and financial status, and improved worker benefit programs were selected as the economic factors affecting mobility. Attitudes of the individual worker, knowledge of the worker concerning available opportunities, nature of the present job, and skill of the employee were closely related social and psychological factors from which the economic factors could not be completely isolated. It was found that an increased demand for higher levels of skills created a demand for additional mobility among the labor force during the years 1950 through 1959. Meanwhile, the above-mentioned economic factors were working toward reducing movement of the worker. At the end of the 1950's a need existed for workers to become better educated and trained in order that they might have the willingness and ability to become more mobile. Increased mobility of the United States labor force would work toward a more efficient use of the available labor resource and a higher standard of living for the American people through increased national productivity.
The Relation of Substance Use, Religion, and Gender to College Students' Premarital Sexual Attitudes and Behavior
Authors:   , Crile Mandy
Published: February 2023

The relation of substance use, religion, and gender to college students’ premarital sexual attitudes and behavior was examined. It was hypothesized that males would be more permissive in their premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. The third and fourth hypotheses stated that the amount of alcohol use would relate positively to the level of permissiveness in premarital sexual attitudes and behavior of individuals. The next two hypotheses examined drug use and premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. Hypothesis seven examined female alcohol users’ premarital sexual behavior versus female non-alcohol users, male alcohol users, and male non-alcohol users. The next two hypotheses examined level of church attendance and premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. The last two hypotheses were concerned with intrinsic religiousness and its relation to premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. The results found that there is not a significant difference between genders regarding premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. The amount of alcohol use does relate positively to the level of permissiveness in premarital sexual attitudes and behavior of individuals. The amount of drug use does not relate positively to premarital sexual attitudes of individuals but it does relate positively to premarital sexual behavior. Concerning hypothesis seven, there was not a main effect of gender, there was a significant effect of alcohol use, and the interaction between gender and alcohol use was not significant. The level of church attendance does relate negatively to permissive premarital sexual attitudes and behavior as does the level of intrinsic religiousness.
The Relationship Between Altruism and Dishonesty as Determined by Appearance, Location, Monetary Value, and Sex
Authors:   , Fuller Dana
Published: February 2023

This research investigated the relationship between altruism and dishonesty as they were affected by appearance of the perceived victim, location of the experiment, monetary value, and sex of the potential helper. To determine this relationship, a field experimental procedure was used in which a female student confederate, either well-dressed or casually dressed, dropped either a half-dollar or quarter while approaching, a subject (total number of subjects was 64 males and 64 females). The subject was either a student walking through a college campus or an adult citizen walking through a section of a business district. An observer recorded whether the subject picked the coin up and returned it to the confederate (altruism), picket it and kept it (dishonesty), or ignored the dropped coin (apathy). / Based upon past research, it was predicted that the subjects located on campus would respond altruistically towards casually dressed confederates and dishonestly towards well-dressed confederates. The subjects located in the business district were expected to respond altruistically towards well-dressed confederates and dishonestly towards casually dressed confederates. It was also hypothesized that an interaction would occur between experimental location and monetary value, with dishonesty increasing with coin value in the business location and altruism increasing in the campus location. No sex differences were expected to occur with regard to the probability of the subject responding altruistically or dishonestly / the data was examined using Chi Square statistical analyses. The attire of the confederate did not significantly affect the subject’s response to the experimental situation. The majority of subjects returned the coin regardless of similarity in attire to the confederate. Altruism did increase with coin value on campus, but dishonesty did no increase in the business location. The majority of subjects in the business district returned the coin regardless of its value. Sex differences were obtained, with females either returning or keeping the coin, and males either returning or ignoring the coin. The results are discussed as being characteristic of the United States region in which the experiment was conducted.
Infants' Preferences for Gender-Typed Toys
Authors:   , Schwarz Cary
Published: February 2023

One of the earliest examples of gender differentiation can be seen in the development of play preferences. Preschool-age children who are beginning to form a stable sense of gender identity tend to be highly stereotyped in their choices of toys and activities. The earliest age at which consistent differences in sex-typed toy choice have been found is 18 months, although some younger children, especially males, show signs of sex-typed choices before this age. The present study tested children cross-sectionally to further investigate the onset of early gender preferences. Subjects were 10 girls and 10 buys in two age groups from a rural town in central Kansas. A 30-minute play session with masculine, feminine, and neutral types was videotaped with a parent present but only observing. Unlike previous studies, the functionality of the toys, wheel and figure, were manipulated and controlled. No statistically significant results were found in this investigation in contrast to other studies with this type of design. There was a trend toward the girls in both groups to choice feminine toys longer than either masculine or neutral toys. The girls in the 12- to 14 month-old age range had higher mean play time with wheeled toys compared to figure toys, whereas the older girls had similar times for wheel and figure toys. The 16- 18- and 12- to 14- month-old boys did not show a trend toward preferring masculine over feminine or neutral toys. However, they did show a trend toward preferring the wheeled toys over the figure toys. Some possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
The Life and Activities of James Jared Peate
Authors:   , Hancks Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

James Jared Peate came at seventeen to Lincoln County, Kansas, in 1866, thus becoming one of the first persons to homestead in Lincoln County. His life was typical of that of the early settlers, but he also played certain other active roles. He became a courier for the United States Army in 1868 as it entered into the process of crushing the resistance of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians to the white settlers. He was detailed by General Philip H. Sheridan to gather men for Colonel George A. Forsyth's preliminary expedition against the Indians. He obtained fifteen men, but missed the expedition. However, he was a member of the rescue force. In later years, Peate was a businessman in Beverly, Kansas. He participated in the organization of the Beverly state Bank. He gave impetus to the founding of The Beecher Island Battle Memorial Association and was very active in promoting it for the remainder of his life. This organization is still in existence.
Banned, Black, And Barnstorming: How Traveling Black Teams In The Great Depression Changed Kansas
Authors:   , Kutilek Maxwell
Published: February 2023

In the 1870s and early 1880s, almost seventy African American men played for white owned ball clubs. By 1890, White owners reached an unwritten agreement to prevent African Americans from playing with white baseball players. Not until April 15, 1947, when Jackie Robinson took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers did a black baseball player play professionally with white players. It took the general manager of the Dodgers, Branch Ricky, almost a decade to get Robinson in a big league uniform. This meant for nearly sixty years, African Americans had to play separately. Before the creation of the Negro National League (NNL) in 1920, a few black businessmen attempted to create a baseball league for the country’s black population. In 1910, Beauregard Mosley sought to create the National Negro Baseball League (NNBL) with franchises in cities like Chicago, St. Louis, and Kansas City. The league would divide profits by giving the winner fifty percent, the loser thirty percent, and the owners twenty percent of the ticket sales. The league would employ its own umpires, with African Americans making up fifty percent. However, the NNBL never played a game. For the NNL, almost none of the owners found anyone willing to back a professional black league. The NNL had sparse attendance was sparse in many of the cities and advertising was difficult to obtain for black teams. Since many of the stadiums sat in dangerous parts of town, fewer people came out to watch games. The Kansas City Monarchs became the exception for league teams. They tended to draw more than any other NNL team, and often outsold white baseball games in the region. Several times clubs appeared and disappeared within a year. In Cleveland, between 1922 and 1933, they had seven different clubs in the NNL. Since owners often underpaid players, teams lost players every year. Players went to the team offered them the most money. This movement of players meant teams could fold because they could not field a proper club. This era was the golden age of barnstorming teams. Since the Depression left many in the cities without disposable incomes, black teams took to the road. Only the state of Kansas allowed games between blacks and whites in the 1920s and 1930s. These tours included teams such as the Kansas City Monarchs and the Kansas City Colored Clowns, to teams referred to as only the “colored boys.” Baseball teams traveled all across the state to play. Kansas even allowed interracial games and eventually an interracial team well before the rest of the country. Many Kansas demonstrated more progressive attitudes with regards to race relations, though segregation and racial animosity still played a daily role in black players’ lives.
Increasing the Need to Achieve as a Result of Summer Camp Experience
Authors:   , Ogburn Keith
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of summer camp experience and accompanying independence training on the need to achieve, as measured by French’s Test of Insight. The camp utilized learning principles in an attempt to bring about independence training, which was defined as learning to take personal responsibility for the consequences of one’s actions. Subjects consisted of pre-adolescent boys, from 8-12 years old. The experimental group was made up of 18 campers from the original sample of 20 boys who were randomly selected from the population of 48 campers participating in Camp Pecusa. The controls consisted of 18 boys of the same age who were enrolled in church programs in the Hays area. The instrument used to measure need achievement was French’s Test of Insight, Form A and Form B. Two scorers, including this writer, scored the data independently and then reconciled any differences in their results by mutual agreement. Score correlated .65 with each other. The difference between Form A and Form B for the experimental group was significant at the .05 level. This supported the hypothesis that, as a result of summer camp, the need achievement scores would be significantly increased. There was no significant difference between Form A and Form B for the control group. This further supported this paper’s hypothesis. There was no significant change in the number of words used in either the experimental or control group. The control group was significantly more verbal than the experimental group for both Form A and Form B at the .005 level. Follow up research was recommended to ascertain whether increased need achievement is manifested in other ways such as in school grades. Such research is needed to further validate the Test of Insight as a measure of achievement motivation.
The Theory of Determinants: Some Special Forms and Applications
Authors:   , Eikelberger William
Published: February 2023

The theory of determinants is a relatively new branch of mathematics; it was not firmly established until a brief 200 years ago. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that Cramer, one of the independent discoverers of the fundamental idea, was fortunate enough to attract attention to the theory of determinants. Much of the literature is written on the assumption that its reader has a good background in the subject. Then other authors just give the fundamental properties of determinants without proof of their statements. These latter authors are not interested in the mathematical theory of determinants, but are interested only in using them as a tool. In this thesis no attempt is made to cover the entire field of the theory of determinants, but an attempt is made to summarize the material in certain phases of the theory of determinants. This monograph is divided into the following parts: (1) A brief history of the early development s in the theory of determinants. (2) The statement and proof of the general properties of determinants, and the definition of the common terms. (3) A brief treatment of the most common special forms of determinants. (4) A few of the many applications of determinants and an indication of others in various phases of mathematics and other sciences.
Fourier Series and Some Applications.
Authors:   , Marcotte Lawrence
Published: February 2023

The object of the author in writing this thesis was to make a compilation of material necessary to work certain problems in mathematical physics with one use of Fourier series. Although whole books have been written on different aspects of this thesis, all had some intervening material which was too advanced for the average student. Any students interested in mathematics or physics cannot fail to see the importance of Fourier series. To mention a few applications, the series is used in finding the solution to various problems in heat distribution, electrical transmission, and aircraft construction.
The Growth of Activities In Kansas High Schools
Authors:   , Brookshire Beverly
Published: February 2023

This study of the growth of activities in Kansas High Schools includes those activities most commonly called the extra-curricular activities and is limited to athletics, debate, forensic activities, dramatics, Kansas Association for Youth, and music. The method of conducting the research has been through the use of periodicals, books, and the minutes of meetings of the organizations of control mentioned in this paper.
Spelling Rules As An Effective Factor In Seventh And Eighth Grade Spelling Achievement
Authors:   , Schwartzkopf Earl
Published: February 2023

The problem of this study is to investigate the spelling achievement of seventh and eight grade pupils in both the graded elementary and rural schools of Western Kansas.
The Effects of Instructor Personality and Other Instructor and Course Characteristics on Student Evaluations of Teaching Effectiveness
Authors:   , Walter Jennifer
Published: February 2023

The present study explored the relation between instructor personality and student ratings of teaching effectiveness. There has been little research in this area and none which specifically addresses the Impact of personality traits, as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, on ratings of college instructors. In addition, assigned grades, course type, class size, and Instructor gender were also examined in their relations to teaching effectiveness. Previous literature concerning these variables has yielded contradictory and inconclusive results. Participants included instructors teaching classes at Fort Hays State University. The participants first completed the NEO PI-R and also authorized the campus computing center to release teaching effectiveness scores, as measured by TEVALs completed by their students, as well as other pertinent information. Results indicated that instructor personality was not a significant predictor of teacher effectiveness ratings. In addition, course type, class size, and instructor gender were not significantly related to ratings provided by students. However, a positive significant relation was found between assigned grades and teacher effectiveness ratings. This finding is consistent with previous literature.
Anodic Behavior of Tin
Authors:   , Soh Thomas
Published: February 2023

The specific problem of this thesis was to gather evidence bearing upon the existence of a +1 oxidation state for tin. When the loss in weight of a metal anode is due solely to oxidation of the metal to its cation by an electrolytic current, Faradays' Law provides a convenient measurement of the average charge per metal ion as the ions leave the anode. It is necessary only to determine the weight loss of the metal due to anodic oxidation by a known amount of current. The average charge per metal ion, so determined, has been designated as the initial moan valence, Vi, and is calculated by the following equation: Vi = No. of Faradays of current passed / No. of Gm.-atoms of metal dissolved electrolytically. The weight of metal dissolved electrolytically must be distinguished from any other anodic weight loss which may occur simultaneously with the anodic oxidation of the metal. Anodes of tin and tin amalgam were electrolyzed in the presence of various salt solutions. Quantity of electricity passed during each trial was determined with a silver coulometer. The Vi values for tin in aqueous solutions of chromic sulfate, and for tin amalgam in aqueous solutions of chromic sulfate or sodium nitrate were found to be definitely less than two. The potential behavior of the tin amalgam anode during the electrolyses was studied for most experimental conditions which were used. It seems any change of the potential did not have too much influence on the Vi value. Also changing the pH values of the various electrolyte solutions which were under investigation did not significantly influence the Vi value. It was concluded that a low-valent tin cation which is formed anodically is the most natural explanation of the observations.
Relationship Between Physical Fitness, Social Adjustment and Self-Concepts of Ninth and Tenth Grade Girls
Authors:   , Slingerland F.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between (1) physical fitness and social adjustment, (2) physical fitness and self-concepts, and (3) social adjustment and self-concepts of ninth and tenth grade girls. RESEARCH METHODS: The subjects used in this study were 142 girls, grades 9-10, enrolled in physical education classes during the 1961-1962 school year at Russell Kansas High School. The testing instruments used were as follows: (1) the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test (to assess physical fitness), (2) the Cowell Social Adjustment indexes (teachers' assessment of pupil's social adjustment), (3) a sociometric questionnaire (peer status), (4) the Twenty Statements Test (general self-concepts), and (5) a self-appraisal check list (self-concepts of physical ability and aptitude). The test results were scored and organized by conversion to percentile scores. For each test, the quartile division was calculated to provide a method of grouping the data into convenient categories for subsequent analysis by the chi square test. Individual chi square tests were computed to test the independence of different tests for similar traits. If independence was indicated, each test was used individually in subsequent analysis of the trait being measured. If the data indicated non-independence, those tests were combined into a single index score for each trait. Subsequent analyses were made to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, social adjustment and self-concepts as assessed by the aforementioned tests. Analysis by the chi square test was utilized to test the relationship of these traits. Where a significant chi square value resulted, the contingency coefficient was calculated to assess the strength or degree of relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions seemed warranted: 1. The Cowell Social Adjustment Indexes and the sociometric questionnaire were significantly related (contingency coefficient = 0.38). 2. There was no significant relationship between the Twenty Statements Test as a Measure of general self-concepts and a self-appraisal check list representing specific self-concepts of physical ability and aptitude. 3. Social adjustment index scores and the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test scores were significantly related (contingency coefficient = 0.37). 4. There was no significant relationship between general self-concepts as measured by the Twenty Statements Test and physical fitness as measured by the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test. 5. Self-concepts of physical ability and aptitude were significantly related to physical fitness (AAHPER Youth Fitness Test) with a contingency coefficient of 0.35. 6. There was a significant relationship between social adjustment and general self-concepts (contingency coefficient = 0.25). 7. There was no significant relationship between social adjustment scores and self-concepts of physical ability and aptitude.
Construct Validity of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) for the Purposes of Predicting Recidivism in Sex Offenders
Authors:   , McCue Courtney
Published: February 2023

To be eligible for civil commitment under the Kansas Sexually Violent Predator Act (K.S.A 59-29a02,1994), three criteria must be satisfied; being the person must have past sex offenses, a mental abnormality, and be likely to sexually recidivate within the community. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Hare, 2003) is a tool often used by clinicians completing sexual predator evaluations as a means to assess for psychopathy, a mental disorder capable of satisfying criteria two. However, due to the amount of literature linking psychopathy to recidivism, the PCL-R has been presented and/or interpreted to also satisfy criteria three within the law, likely to recidivate. The current study examined whether this secondary application of the PCL-R in sexual predator evaluations is appropriate by correlating scores from the PCL-R (Hare, 2003), Static-99 (Hanson & Thornton, 1999), and Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool-Revised (MnSOST-R) (Epperson et al., 1998), two tools created for the purpose of measuring recidivism in sex offender populations. Results revealed no significant relationship between the PCL-R, Static-99, or MnSOST-R. An additional literature review suggests the way in which the term recidivism is defined in research may contribute to the conflicting findings between this study and previous studies supporting the PCL-R as capable of predicting recidivism in sex offenders. Research linking psychopathy to recidivism typically uses the term recidivism in a sweeping manner incorporating several different types of recidivism underneath it. However, studies that have broken recidivism down into subcategories such as any, serious, and sexual recidivism have not been able to find a significant relationship between psychopathy and sexual recidivism.
Attitude Heuristics of Mental Illness Proneness and Sexual Orientation
Authors:   , McDonald Summer
Published: February 2023

Every person unconsciously uses attitude heuristics to categorize individuals as either “good” or “bad.” The current study examines the question of whether or not age and gender play a role in the perceptions of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals being more prone to mental illness because of their sexual orientation based on the observer’s attitude heuristics. The participants for this study will be 200 anonymous online individuals from across the United States. Participants will complete a survey designed to measure their attitudes toward sexual orientation, mental illness, simple core beliefs/values, and attitude heuristics based on generalized standards of “good” or “bad.” The survey includes the Homophobia Scale (HS), the Generalized Attitude Measure (GAM) and the Attitude Heuristics and LGBT Mental Illness Questionnaire. The study hypothesizes that 1) participants aged 18 – 34 will place LGBT persons in the “good” category and less prone to be mentally ill, than participants aged 35 – 65 who will place LGBT persons in the “bad” category and more prone towards mental illness, and 2) females will be more likely than males to place LGBT persons in the “good” category with less mental illness proneness. The data will be analyzed using a chi-square analysis to examine simple correlations.
Influences of Burning on Two Range Sites in Ungrazed Mixed Prairie
Authors:   , McIntosh Laird
Published: February 2023

Portions of an ungrazed clay upland range site and an ungrazed limy upland range site were burned on 16 April 1974 and 1 May 1974. Soil water, herbage yield, species basal area, and frequency were compared with unburned controls for the two following growing seasons. Results varied according to treatment, site, and year, but in general the earlier treatment reduced production while the later treatment increased it. Production was correlated with soil water on limy upland. The amount of litter on the plots appeared to affect soil water and herbage production. Species composition was not changed on limy upland and was usually lower in condition rating on clay upland. Results of this project, along with other studies in the same area, indicate that burning usually is not worthwhile as a management practice in west-central Kansas.
Influence Of Wind Turbines On Mammalian Occupancy Patterns
Authors:   , Tanis Brian
Published: February 2023

Wind energy is among the most rapidly growing energy industries in the United States, with support for development coming from both state and federal governments. While the industry depicts an environmentally friendly image, the addition of infrastructure associated with wind farms alters landscapes in novel ways. Numerous studies have documented impacts wind turbines have on bird and bat mortality; however, far less attention has been directed towards responses of non-volant, terrestrial organisms. Mammalian mesocarnivores are model organisms to assess the alteration of communities surrounding wind turbines as they respond to addition of turbines and human activity, addition and improvement of roadways, and increases in turbine-induced carrion. In September 2011, I established a yearlong study surrounding the Central Plains Wind Facility in western Kansas to document patterns associated with the occupancy of terrestrial mammals within turbine and turbine-free habitats. I placed 34 scent-baited trail cameras among turbine and control habitats, with a randomly placed subset along roadways. Detection histories during 28-day survey periods and habitat covariates were analyzed with PRESENCE 5.5. Canis latrans and Vulpes velox were the most abundant mesocarnivores detected. Canis latrans had a higher probability of occupancy at the control area, while V. velox had higher probabilities of occupancy at the turbine area. Detection probabilities were impacted strongly by mean precipitation as well as between field and roadway locations for V. velox. Vulpes velox detection probabilities were conditional on C. latrans presence and detection, although the two species occupied sites independently.
Rural Attitudes Toward Urban Living : A Study of Rural Ethnocentrism
Authors:   , Gintzler Michael
Published: February 2023

It was the purpose of this thesis to study the phenomenon of ethnocentrism as it is claimed to exist by Vidich and Bensman and to attempt to determine how widespread the feeling of superiority is among differing classes of the rural population as represented by a sample of the selected community.