bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited Link between Oxidative Stress and Ochratoxin A—Induced Renal Injury in an Acute Toxicity Rat Model
Authors: Zhu Liye , Yu Tao , Qi Xiaozhe , Gao Jing , Huang Kunlun , He Xiaoyun , Luo Haoshu , Xu Wentao
Published: December 2016

Ochratoxin A (OTA) displays nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. However, in the acute toxicity rat model, there is no evidence on the relationship between OTA and nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Based on this, the integrated analysis of physiological status, damage biomarkers, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were performed. After OTA treatment, the body weight decreased and AST, ALP, TP, and BUN levels in serum increased. Hydropic degeneration, swelling, vacuolization, and partial drop occurred in proximal tubule epithelial cells. PCNA and Kim-1 were dose-dependently increased in the kidney, but Cox-2 expression and proliferation were not found in the liver. In OTA-treated kidneys, the mRNA expressions of Kim-1, Cox-2, Lcn2, and Clu were dose-dependently increased. The mRNA expressions of Vim and Cox-2 were decreased in OTA-treated livers. Some oxidative stress indicators were altered in the kidneys (ROS and SOD) and livers (SOD and GSH). DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage were not found. In conclusion, there is a limited link between oxidative stress and OTA-induced renal injury in an acute toxicity rat model.
A Study of Energy Optimisation of Urban Water Distribution Systems Using Potential Elements
Authors: Sarbu Ioan
Published: December 2016

Energy use in water supply systems represents a significant portion of the global energy consumption. The electricity consumption due to the water pumping represents the highest proportion of the energy costs in these systems. This paper presents several comparative studies of energy efficiency in water distribution systems considering distinct configurations of the networks and also considers implementation of the variable-speed pumps. The main objective of this study is the energy optimisation of urban systems using optimal network configurations that reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. The paper describes in detail four strategies for improving energy efficiency of water pumping: control systems to vary pump speed drive according to water demand, pumped storage tanks, intermediary pumping stations integrated in the network, and elevated storage tanks floating on the system. The improving energy efficiency of water pumping is briefly reviewed providing a representative real case study. In addition, a different approach for the hydraulic analysis of the networks and the determination of the optimal location of a pumped storage tank is provided. Finally, this study compares the results of the application of four water supply strategies to a real case in Romania. The results indicate high potential operating costs savings.
Vertical stratification of the foliar fungal community in the world's tallest trees
Authors: Harrison Joshua G. , Forister Matthew L. , Parchman Thomas L. , Koch George W.
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The aboveground tissues of plants host numerous, ecologically important fungi, yet patterns in the spatial distribution of these fungi remain little known. Forest canopies in particular are vast reservoirs of fungal diversity, but intracrown variation in fungal communities has rarely been explored. Knowledge of how fungi are distributed throughout tree crowns will contribute to our understanding of interactions between fungi and their host trees and is a first step toward investigating drivers of community assembly for plant‐associated fungi. Here we describe spatial patterns in fungal diversity within crowns of the world's tallest trees, coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens).

METHODS:

We took a culture‐independent approach, using the Illumina MiSeq platform, to characterize the fungal assemblage at multiple heights within the crown across the geographical range of the coast redwood.

KEY RESULTS:

Within each tree surveyed, we uncovered evidence for vertical stratification in the fungal community; different portions of the tree crown harbored different assemblages of fungi. We also report between‐tree variation in the fungal community within redwoods.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest the potential for vertical stratification of fungal communities in the crowns of other tall tree species and should prompt future study of the factors giving rise to this stratification.
Genome‐wide genotyping‐by‐sequencing data provide a high‐resolution view of wild Helianthus diversity, genetic structure, and interspecies gene flow
Authors: Baute Gregory J. , Owens Gregory L. , Bock Dan G. , Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: December 2016

PREMISE:

Wild sunflowers harbor considerable genetic diversity and are a major resource for improvement of the cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus. The Helianthus genus is also well known for its propensity for gene flow between taxa.

METHODS:

We surveyed genomic diversity of 292 samples of wild Helianthus from 22 taxa that are cross‐compatible with the cultivar using genotyping by sequencing. With these data, we derived a high‐resolution phylogeny of the taxa, interrogated genome‐wide levels of diversity, explored H. annuus population structure, and identified localized gene flow between H. annuus and its close relatives.

KEY RESULTS:

Our phylogenomic analyses confirmed a number of previously established interspecific relationships and indicated for the first time that a newly described annual sunflower, H. winteri, is nested within H. annuus. Principal component analyses showed that H. annuus has geographic population structure with most notable subpopulations occurring in California and Texas. While gene flow was identified between H. annuus and H. bolanderi in California and between H. annuus and H. argophyllus in Texas, this genetic exchange does not appear to drive observed patterns of H. annuus population structure.

CONCLUSIONS:

Wild H. annuus remains an excellent resource for cultivated sunflower breeding effort because of its diversity and the ease with which it can be crossed with cultivated H. annuus. Cases of interspecific gene flow such as those documented here also indicate wild H. annuus can act as a bridge to capture alleles from other wild taxa; continued breeding efforts with it may therefore reap the largest rewards.
Evidence of correlated evolution and adaptive differentiation of stem and leaf functional traits in the herbaceous genus, Helianthus
Authors: Pilote Alex J. , Donovan Lisa A.
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Patterns of plant stem traits are expected to align with a “fast‐slow” plant economic spectrum across taxa. Although broad patterns support such tradeoffs in field studies, tests of hypothesized correlated trait evolution and adaptive differentiation are more robust when taxa relatedness and environment are taken into consideration. Here we test for correlated evolution of stem and leaf traits and their adaptive differentiation across environments in the herbaceous genus, Helianthus.

METHODS:

Stem and leaf traits of 14 species of Helianthus (28 populations) were assessed in a common garden greenhouse study. Phylogenetically independent contrasts were used to test for evidence of correlated evolution of stem hydraulic and biomechanical properties, correlated evolution of stem and leaf traits, and adaptive differentiation associated with source habitat environments.

KEY RESULTS:

Among stem traits, there was evidence for correlated evolution of some hydraulic and biomechanical properties, supporting an expected tradeoff between stem theoretical hydraulic efficiency and resistance to bending stress. Population differentiation for suites of stem and leaf traits was found to be consistent with a “fast‐slow” resource‐use axis for traits related to water transport and use. Associations of population traits with source habitat characteristics supported repeated evolution of a resource‐acquisitive “drought‐escape” strategy in arid environments.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides evidence of correlated evolution of stem and leaf traits consistent with the fast‐slow spectrum of trait combinations related to water transport and use along the stem‐to‐leaf pathway. Correlations of traits with source habitat characteristics further indicate that the correlated evolution is associated, at least in part, with adaptive differentiation of Helianthus populations among native habitats differing in climate.
A dioxaborine cyanine dye as a photoluminescence probe for sensing carbon nanotubes
Authors: Al Araimi Mohammed , Lutsyk Petro , Verbitsky Anatoly , Piryatinski Yuri , Shandura Mykola , Rozhin Aleksey
Published: December 2016

The unique properties of carbon nanotubes have made them the material of choice for many current and future industrial applications. As a consequence of the increasing development of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes show potential threat to health and environment. Therefore, development of efficient method for detection of carbon nanotubes is required. In this work, we have studied the interaction of indopentamethinedioxaborine dye (DOB-719) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In the mixture of the dye and the SWNTs we have revealed new optical features in the spectral range of the intrinsic excitation of the dye due to resonance energy transfer from DOB-719 to SWNTs. Specifically, we have observed an emergence of new PL peaks at the excitation wavelength of 735 nm and a redshift of the intrinsic PL peaks of SWNT emission (up to 40 nm) in the near-infrared range. The possible mechanism of the interaction between DOB-719 and SWNTs has been proposed. Thus, it can be concluded that DOB-719 dye has promising applications for designing efficient and tailorable optical probes for the detection of SWNTs.
Benzothiadiazole oligoene fatty acids: fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts
Authors: Patalag Lukas J , Werz Daniel B
Published: December 2016

Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of novel fluorescent fatty acids with large Stokes shifts. Three examples consisting of the same number of carbon atoms and thus of similar chain length are presented differing in their degree of unsaturation. As major fluorogenic contributor at the terminus benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole was used. Respective syntheses based on Wittig reactions followed by iodine-mediated isomerization are presented. The absorption properties are modulated by the number of conjugated C=C double bonds of the oligoene chain ranging from one to three. Large Stokes shifts of about 4900–5700 cm−1 and fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.44 were observed.
HUBBLE TARANTULA TREASURY PROJECT. V. THE STAR CLUSTER HODGE 301: THE OLD FACE OF 30 DORADUS*
Authors: Cignoni M. , Sabbi E. , Marel R. P. van der , Lennon D. J. , Tosi M. , Grebel E. K. , Gallagher J. S. , Aloisi A. , Marchi G. de , Gouliermis D. A. , Larsen S. , Panagia N. , Smith L. J.
Published: December 2016

Based on color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) from the Hubble Space Telescope Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project (HTTP) survey, we present the star formation history of Hodge 301, the oldest star cluster in the Tarantula Nebula. The HTTP photometry extends faint enough to reach, for the first time, the cluster pre-main sequence (PMS) turn-on, where the PMS joins the main sequence. Using the location of this feature, along with synthetic CMDs generated with the latest PARSEC models, we find that Hodge 301 is older than previously thought, with an age between 26.5 and 31.5 Myr. From this age, we also estimate that between 38 and 61 Type II supernovae exploded in the region. The same age is derived from the main sequence turn-off, whereas the age derived from the post-main sequence stars is younger and between 20 and 25 Myr. Other relevant parameters are a total stellar mass of ≈8800 ± 800 M
⊙ and average reddening E(B − V) ≈ 0.22–0.24 mag, with a differential reddening δE(B − V) ≈ 0.04 mag.
A WEAK LENSING VIEW OF THE DOWNSIZING OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES*
Authors: Utsumi Yousuke , Geller Margaret J. , Dell’Antonio Ian P. , Kamata Yukiko , Kawanomoto Satoshi , Koike Michitaro , Komiyama Yutaka , Koshida Shintaro , Mineo Sogo , Miyazaki Satoshi , Sakurai Junya , Tait Philip J. , Terai Tsuyoshi , Tomono Daigo , Usuda Tomonori , Yamada Yoshihiko , Zahid Harus J.
Published: December 2016

We describe a weak lensing view of the downsizing of star-forming galaxies based on cross-correlating a weak lensing (κ) map with a predicted map constructed from a redshift survey. Moderately deep and high-resolution images with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam covering the

DLS F2 field provide a κ map with 1 arcmin resolution. A dense complete redshift survey of the F2 field including 12,705 galaxies with

is the basis for construction of the predicted map. The zero-lag cross-correlation between the κ and predicted maps is significant at the 30σ level. The width of the cross-correlation peak is comparable to the angular scale of rich clusters at

, the median depth of the redshift survey. Slices of the predicted map in

redshift bins enable exploration of the impact of structure as a function of redshift. The zero-lag normalized cross-correlation has significant local maxima at redshifts coinciding with known massive X-ray clusters. Even in slices where there are no known massive clusters, there is a significant signal in the cross-correlation originating from lower mass groups that trace the large-scale of the universe. Spectroscopic

measurements enable division of the sample into star-forming and quiescent populations. In regions surrounding massive clusters of galaxies, the significance of the cross-correlation with maps based on star-forming galaxies increases with redshift from 5σ at z = 0.3 to 7σ at

the fractional contribution of the star-forming population to the total cross-correlation signal also increases with redshift. This weak lensing view is consistent with the downsizing picture of galaxy evolution established from other independent studies.
THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF STELLAR HALOS: STELLAR POPULATION GRADIENTS AND ACCRETION HISTORIES IN EARLY-TYPE ILLUSTRIS GALAXIES
Authors: Cook B. A. , Conroy C. , Pillepich A. , Rodriguez-Gomez V. , Hernquist L.
Published: December 2016

Long dynamical timescales in the outskirts of galaxies preserve the information content of their accretion histories, for example in the form of stellar population gradients. We present a detailed analysis of the stellar halo properties of a statistically representative sample of early-type galaxies from the Illustris simulation, and show that stellar population gradients at large radii can indeed be used to infer basic properties of galactic accretion histories. We measure metallicity, age, and surface-brightness profiles in quiescent Illustris galaxies ranging from

 = 1010–2 × 1012

and show that they are in reasonable agreement with observations. At fixed mass, galaxies that accreted little of their stellar halo material tend to have steeper metallicity and surface-brightness profiles, between 2–4 effective radii (

), than those with larger accreted fractions. Profiles of metallicity and surface-brightness in the stellar halo typically flatten from z = 1 to the present. This suggests that the accretion of stars into the stellar halo tends to flatten metallicity and surface-brightness profiles, a picture which is supported by the tight correlation between the two gradients in the stellar halo. We find no statistical evidence of additional information content related to accretion histories in stellar halo metallicity profiles, beyond what is contained in surface-brightness profiles. Age gradients in the stellar halo do not appear to be sensitive to galactic accretion histories, and none of the stellar population gradients studied are strongly correlated with the mean merger mass-ratio. Our findings relate specifically to regions of the stellar halo within 4

, but suggest that future observations that reach large radii outside galaxies (including to 10

and beyond) will have the best potential to constrain galactic accretion histories.
ON LITHIUM-RICH RED GIANTS: ENGULFMENT ON THE GIANT BRANCH OF TRUMPLER 20
Authors: Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Chanamé Julio , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Carlberg Joleen K.
Published: December 2016

The Gaia-ESO survey recently reported on a large sample of lithium (Li) abundance determinations for evolved stars in the rich open cluster Trumpler 20. They argue for a scenario where virtually all stars experience post-main-sequence mixing and Li is preserved in only two objects. We present an alternate explanation, where Li is normal in the vast majority of cluster stars and anomalously high in these two cases. We demonstrate that the Li upper limits in the red giants can be explained with a combination of main-sequence depletion and standard dredge-up and that they are close to the detected levels in other systems of similar age. In our framework, two of the detected giants are anomalously Li-rich, and we propose that both could have been produced by the engulfment of a substellar mass companion of

. This would imply that

of

stars in this system, and by extension elsewhere, should have substellar mass companions of high mass that could be engulfed at some point in their lifetimes. We discuss future tests that could confirm or refute this scenario.
Viral Hepatitis in Children: A Through E
Authors: Chugh Ankur , Maximos Maryann , Perlman Meryl , Gonzalez-Peralta Regino P.
Published: December 2016

Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be acute and self-limited, chronic (leading to cirrhosis and an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma), or fulminant (requiring lifesaving liver transplantation). Although there are many causes of hepatitis, this article focuses on the main childhood viral hepatidities: types A, B, C, D, and E. This review discusses the main characteristics of each virus, including salient epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(12):e420–e426.]
An Overview of Cirrhosis in Children
Authors: Cordova Jonathan , Jericho Hilary , Azzam Ruba K.
Published: December 2016

Cirrhosis is the end result of nearly all forms of progressive liver disease. The diffuse hepatic process can be characterized as a state of inflammation progressing to fibrosis and resulting in nodular regeneration, ultimately leading to disorganized liver architecture and function. The underlying etiology of cirrhosis in children may often differ from adults owing to specific disease processes that manifest in childhood, including biliary atresia, galactosemia, and neonatal hepatitis. Although basic management strategies in children are similar to those in adults, the care given to children with cirrhosis must keep the child's growth and development of paramount importance.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(12):e427–e432.]
Les archives médiévales dans la genizah du Caire : registres des tribunaux rabbiniques et pratiques d’archivage reconstituées
Authors: Olszowy-Schlanger Judith
Published: December 2016

Les archives des communautés juives d’Orient et d’Afrique du Nord de l’époque médiévale n’ont pas été conservées en tant que telles. Cependant, les contenus de ces archives ont été acheminés vers une genizah, c’est-à-dire un dépôt des écrits sortis d’usage. La découverte de plusieurs registres de tribunaux rabbiniques dans la genizah du Caire permet ainsi de reconstruire les pratiques d’archivage, telles qu’elles se mettent en place dans le contexte de l’autorité grandissante de l’écrit pragmatique dans les affaires juridiques et économiques des communautés juives médiévales.
Is socio-economic status a determinant of HIV-related stigma attitudes in Zimbabwe? Findings from Project Accept
Authors: Mateveke Kudzanai , Singh Basant , Chingono Alfred , Sibanda E. , Machingura Ian
Published: December 2016

HIV related stigma and discrimination is a known barrier for HIV prevention and care. We aimed to assess the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and HIV related stigma in Zimbabwe. This paper uses data from Project Accept, which examined the impact of community-based voluntary counseling and testing intervention on HIV incidence and stigma. Total of 2522 eligible participants responded to a psychometric assessment tool, which assessed HIV related stigma and discrimination attitudes on 4 point Likert scale. The tool measured three components of HIVrelated stigma: shame, blame and social isolation, perceived discrimination, and equity. Participants’ ownership of basic assets was used to assess the socio-economic status. Shame, blame and social isolation component of HIV related stigma was found to be significantly associated with medium [odds ratio (OR)=1.73, P<0.01] and low SES (OR=1.97, P<0.01), indicating more stigmatizing attitudes by participants belonging to medium and low SES in comparison to high SES. For HIV related stigma and discrimination programs to be effective, they should take into account the socio-economic context of target population.
Roches et minéraux du collectionneur : Îles de la Madeleine (Québec), île de Terre-Neuve et Labrador
Authors: Sabina A P
Published: December 2016

This booklet describes mineral and rock collecting localities in the Îles de la Madeleine (Quebec), the Island of Newfoundland, and Labrador. A variety of mineral, rock, and fossil collecting sites await the tourist, the amateur and professional
mineralogist, and the lobbyist. The Îles de la Madeleine provide several varieties of gypsum, calcite, and quartz crystals, and specularite, pyrite, epidote, magnetite, dolomite, and manganese minerals. Fossils of late Paleozoic age are found in some localities. Recent exploration resulted in
the discovery of natural gas and salt deposits. Mining activity in Newfoundland and Labrador began two centuries ago. The province is Canada's sole producer of pyrophyllite. Other operating mines yield iron, gypsum, asbestos, gold, base metals, limestone, and silica. Mining in the past produced
copper, lead, antimony, arsenic, fluorite, barite, and coal. Both the inactive and active mines provide mineral collecting sites; other occurrences furnish celestine, quartz crystals, beryl, scheelite, prehnite, and manganese minerals. For the gem-cutter or sculptor, there is amethyst, xonotlite,
labradorite, hypersthene and jasper, and a variety of ornamental rocks including pyrophyllite,
chrome-mica rock ('virginite'), marble, granite, and volcanic rocks. Rock cuts along highways and shoreline exposures contain cavities lined with tiny crystals of quartz, pyrite, and other minerals suitable for micro-mounting. Most localities are readily accessible and can be reached by automobile
and a short hike and, less commonly, by boat. The localities in Labrador are reached by boat, by air, or by snowmobile.
Guide d'introduction aux licences de logiciel libre avec code source ouvert
Authors:   GéoConnexions,   Hickling Arthurs Low Corporation
Published: December 2016

Préambule
Le présent guide fait partie d'une série de documents sur les politiques opérationnelles que GéoConnexions est en train de préparer. Il vise à renseigner les intervenants de l'Infrastructure canadienne de données géospatiales sur la nature et la portée
des licences de logiciel libre avec code source ouvert (LLCSO) ainsi que sur les réalités, les difficultés et les pratiques exemplaires des politiques opérationnelles connexes.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of an aortocaval lymph node by the transcaval approach
Authors: Choudhary Narendra S. , Bansal Rinkesh K. , Puri Rajesh , Guleria Mridula , Sud Randhir
Published: December 2016

A 59-year-old male was diagnosed as carcinoma gallbladder around 1 year back and underwent radical cholecystectomy. He also received four cycles of chemotherapy. Now, he complained upper abdominal heaviness; positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was done which showed PET-avid 8.5 mm sized lymph node at aortocaval region. There was no safe route, so endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was advised. However, FNA was not possible without crossing inferior vena cava and further management depended on FNA report. The EUS-FNA was done, and cytopathological smears were consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma. There was no complication.
Monitoramento da água de poços como estratégia de avaliação sanitária em Comunidade Rural na Cidade de São Luís, MA, Brasil
Authors: Coelho Silvio Carlos , Duarte Antonio Nascimento , Amaral Ludimila Santos , Dos Santos Paulo Medeiros , Salles Maria José , Albuquerque dos Santos José Augusto , Sotero-Martins Adriana
Published: December 2016

Como ações de saneamento são escassas ou inexistentes no meio rural, o monitoramento das fontes de água permite o diagnóstico dos riscos e da precariedade das situações de saneamento. Neste estudo foi monitorado sazonalmente a qualidade da água dos poços da comunidade rural “Cinturão Verde” por meio de análises físico-químicas, colimétricas, e parasitológicas para identificação de fontes de contaminação devido à ausência de meios adequados de saneamento. Foram analisadas amostras coletadas em quatro períodos sazonais e detectados coliformes acima dos padrões de potabilidade do Ministério da Saúde nos poços tubulares em três dos quatro períodos sazonais. Foi detectada também a presença de parasita no período seco. Os parâmetros físico-químicos também estavam fora dos padrões da legislação em algumas estações, e foi constatado que esses riscos eram devido à inexistência de serviços de saneamento como: abastecimento com poços sem tratamento, precariedade de esgotamento e proximidade dos mananciais à criação de animais. Conclui-se que o monitoramento permitiu detectar períodos de riscos no uso de águas dos poços, avaliar diferenças regionais, e a necessidade de medidas de desinfecção da água antes de ser utilizada. Estas medidas de saneamento rural podem garantir a proteção dos mananciais de águas subterrâneas.
Crescimento foliar e atividades das enzimas antioxidativas em plântulas de girassol suplementadas com percolado de aterro sanitário e submetidas a estresse hídrico
Authors: Nunes Junior Francisco Holanda , Gondim Franklin Aragão , Freitas Valdineia Soares , Braga Brennda Bezerra , Batista de Brito Paulo Ovídio , Martins Kaio
Published: December 2016

Em regiões áridas ou semiáridas, a escassez hídrica tem sido um dos principais fatores limitantes da produção agrícola. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar os efeitos da aplicação de percolado de aterro sanitário no crescimento foliar (número de folhas e área foliar) e as atividades das enzimas antioxidativas: superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase do ascorbato (APX) e peroxidase do guaiacol (GPX) em folhas e raízes de plântulas de girassol submetidas às condições de estresse hídrico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, disposto em arranjo fatorial dois (irrigadas ou não irrigadas) x quatro (areia; areia + adubo orgânico 100 kg N ha-1; areia + percolado de aterro sanitário 100 kg N ha-1; areia + percolado de aterro sanitário 150 kg N ha-1), com cinco repetições. Em relação aos parâmetros foliares, o tratamento 100 kg N ha-1 suplementado com percolado de aterro sanitário obteve os melhores incrementos no número de folhas e área foliar. Além disso, verificaram-se aumentos nas atividades das enzimas antioxidativas em folhas e raízes de plântulas de girassol suplementadas com percolado de aterro sanitário, sendo provável que as reduções dos efeitos deletérios do estresse hídrico nas variáveis foliares dos tratamentos suplementados com percolado de aterro sanitário tenham ocorrido em virtude das maiores atividades das enzimas antioxidativas, especialmente as da CAT nas folhas e GPX nas raízes.
‘I Can't Settle If It's Not Tidy; I Blame that on My Mum’: Exploring Women's Relational Household Work Narratives
Authors: Kettle Jennifer
Published: December 2016

Household work literature has highlighted the importance of mothers to their daughters’ accounts of their household work practice, arguing that women can both aim to emulate and avoid particular practices in their own household work. This paper further explores this topic, drawing on a small-scale qualitative study to explore the self-narratives that two generations of mothers construct around the theme of household work. It looks particularly at how accounts of household work practices are incorporated into broader stories of growing up and taking responsibility, and the relevance of discourses of individualisation, and the notion of reflexive biographies to these explanations. This article also draws on theories of connectedness to show how self-narratives around the theme of household work reflect different forms of relationality, and to argue that a concept of relational selves is useful for making sense of these narratives.
Transnational Social Mobility Strategies and Quality of Work among Latin-American Women Sex Workers in Spain
Authors: Oso Laura
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is to analyse the quality of work of two of the main types of female sex work in Spain (clubs and in-call flats). In order to do so I will focus on the following working dimensions: wages, power relations, skills, alienation, health, violence, work life and stigma. Firstly, the article seeks to highlight the structural factors that condition the quality of work of Latin American female sex workers in Spain. These factors are closely connected to policies regarding migration and sex work, which foment irregular work arrangements (undocumented migrants and informal workers). Secondly, I analyse entry formats (indebted or autonomous migration) and how they impact on working conditions. Thirdly, the article considers the migrant women's work choices and the resulting living and working conditions they may encounter. I intend to show that Latin American women sex workers in Spain might opt for a certain type of work within the context of strategic decisions, as linked to their migratory and social mobility projects. These decisions have a family and a transnational scope (country of origin, country of destination). The analysis presented is based on qualitative fieldwork (semi-structured interviews) carried out in Galicia (north-west Spain).
‘Too Much Suffering’: Understanding the Interplay between Migration, Bounded Exploitation and Trafficking through Nigerian Sex Workers’ Experiences
Authors: Mai Nicola
Published: December 2016

Migrant sex workers’ experiences of exploitation depend on a dynamic re-evaluation of the working conditions and relationships that frame their entry into the global sex industry according to the subsequent unfolding of their working and wider lives. Contrary to the essentialist obliteration of consent introduced by abolitionist scholarship and policymaking, migrants can decide to endure bounded exploitative deals with people enabling their travel and work abroad in order to meet the economic and administrative (becoming documented) objectives they set for themselves. When this deal is broken as a result of the betrayal of original negotiations, migrants can decide to reframe their migration and work experience as trafficking and denounce their original enablers as traffickers, which gives them a chance to obtain the right to reside and work in the country of destination through asylum.
Work Conditions and Job Mobility in the Australian Indoor Sex Industry
Authors: Gilmour Fairleigh Evelyn
Published: December 2016

This article explores sex workers’ experiences of work conditions and job mobility in the indoor sectors of the Australian sex industry: brothel work, escort work and small cooperative work. Drawing from 14 in-depth life-narrative interviews with sex workers and former sex workers, it explores the key challenges faced by participants in navigating regulation and carving out a safe and lucrative working space. It offers a critical account of job flexibility and mobility in the sex industry and argues that the availability of increased options in a decriminalized setting means a greater range of potential spaces for workers to negotiate a suitable work environment.
Influence of Organic Compound Functionality on Aerosol Hygroscopicity: Dicarboxylic Acids, Alkyl-Substituents, Sugars and Amino Acids
Authors: Marsh Aleksandra , Miles Rachael E. H. , Rovelli Grazia , Cowling Alexander G. , Nandy Lucy , Dutcher Cari S. , Reid Jonathan P.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Hygroscopic data for 36 organic compounds including amino acids, organic acids, alcohols and sugars is determined using a Comparative Kinetics Electrodynamic Balance (CK-EDB). The CK-EDB employs an electric field to trap charged aqueous droplets in a temperature and relative humidity (RH) controlled chamber. The dual micro dispenser set up allows for sequential trapping of probe and sample droplets for accurate determination of droplet water activities from 0.45 to > 0.99. Here, we validate and benchmark the CK-EDB for the homologous series of straight chain dicarboxylic acids (oxalic – pimelic) with measurements in better agreement with UNIversal quasichemical Functional group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) predictions than the original data used to parametrise UNIFAC. Further, a series of increasingly complex organic compounds, with subtle changes to molecular structure and branching, are used to rigorously assess the accuracy of predictions by UNIFAC, which does not explicitly account for molecular structure. We show that the changes in hygroscopicity that result from increased branching and chain length are poorly represented by UNIFAC, with UNIFAC under-predicting hygroscopicity. Similarly, amino acid hygroscopicity is under-predicted by UNIFAC predictions, a consequence of the original data used in the parametrisation of the molecular subgroups. New hygroscopicity data are also reported for a selection of alcohols and sugars.
Is increasing ice crystal sedimentation velocity in geoengineering simulations a good proxy for cirrus cloud seeding?
Authors: Gasparini Blaž , Münch Steffen , Poncet Laure , Feldmann Monika , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The complex microphysical details of cirrus seeding with ice nucleating particles (INP) in numerical simulations are often mimicked by increasing ice crystal sedimentation velocities. So far it has not been tested whether these results are comparable to geoengineering simulations in which cirrus clouds are seeded with INP. We compare simulations where the ice crystal sedimentation velocity is increased at temperatures colder than −35 °C with simulations of cirrus seeding with INP using the ECHAM-HAM general circulation model. The radiative flux response of the two methods shows a similar behaviour in terms of annual and seasonal averages. Both methods decrease surface temperature but increase precipitation in response to a decreased atmospheric stability. Moreover, simulations of seeding with INP lead to a decrease in liquid clouds, which counteracts part of the cooling due to changes in cirrus clouds. The liquid cloud response is largely avoided in a simulation where seeding occurs during night only. Simulations with increased ice crystal sedimentation velocity, on the contrary, lead to counteracting mixed-phase cloud responses. The increased sedimentation velocity simulations induce a 30 % larger surface temperature response, due to their lower altitude of maximum diabatic forcing compared with simulations of seeding with INP particles. They can counteract up to 60 % of the radiative effect of CO2 doubling with a maximum net top-of-the-atmosphere forcing of  2.2 W m−2.
Weak constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation in a model of the California Current System
Authors: Crawford William J. , Smith Polly J. , Milliff Ralph F. , Fiechter Jerome , Wikle Christopher K. , Edwards Christopher A. , Moore Andrew M.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. A new approach is explored for computing estimates of the error covariance associated with the intrinsic errors of a numerical forecast model in regions characterized by upwelling and downwelling. The approach used is based on a combination of strong constraint data assimilation, twin model experiments, linear inverse modeling, and Bayesian hierarchical modeling. The resulting model error covariance estimates Q are applied to a model of the California Current System using weak constraint four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation to compute estimates of the ocean circulation. The results of this study show that the estimates of Q derived following our approach lead to demonstrable improvements in the model circulation estimates and isolate regions where model errors are likely to be important and that have been independently identified in the same model in previously published work.
Spatial variability of CO2 uptake in polygonal tundra – large overestimations by the conventional eddy covariance method
Authors: Pirk Norbert , Sievers Jakob , Mertes Jordan , Parmentier Frans-Jan W. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Christensen Torben R.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The large spatial variability in Arctic tundra complicates the representative assessment of CO2 budgets. Accurate measurements of these heterogeneous landscapes are, however, essential to understand their vulnerability to climate change. We surveyed a polygonal tundra lowland on Svalbard with a UAV, mapping ice-wedge morphology to complement eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of CO2. The analysis of spectral distributions showed that conventional EC methods do not accurately capture the turbulent CO2 exchange with the spatially heterogeneous surface which typically features small flux magnitudes. Non-local (low frequency) flux contributions were especially pronounced during snowmelt and introduced a bias to the annual CO2 budget of −46 gC m−2 in conventional methods. Our improved flux calculations with the ogive optimization method indicated that the site was a sink for CO2 of −82 gC m−2 in 2015 and due to differences in light-use efficiency, wetter areas with low-centered polygons sequestered 47 % more CO2 than drier areas with flat-centered polygons. While Svalbard has experienced a strong increase in mean annual air temperature of more than 2 °C in the last few decades, historical aerial photographs from the site indicated stable ice-wedge morphology over the last seven decades. Apparently, warming has thus far not been sufficient to initiate strong ice-wedge degradation, possibly due to the absence of extreme heat episodes in the maritime climate on Svalbard. However, in Arctic regions where ice-wedge degradation has already initiated the associated drying of landscapes, our results suggest a weakening of the CO2 sink of polygonal tundra.
Actitudes en profesionales de enfermería chilenos hacia el cuidado al final de la vida. Análisis multivariado
Authors: Espinoza-Venegas Maritza , Luengo-Machuca Luis , Sanhueza-Alvarado Olivia
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: evaluar las actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de enfermeras/os de la región Bío Bío, de Chile, y determinar las variables que ejercen mayor influencia sobre estas. Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional y predictivo en 308 enfermeras/os que trabajaban en cuidados paliativos en centros de salud públicos. Se utilizaron las escalas de Actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de Frommelt, Inteligencia emocional, Actitudes hacia la muerte, Trabajo emocional y variables bio-sociodemográficas de experiencia y formación profesional. Resultados: la actitud hacia el cuidado al final de la vida mostró una tendencia favorable, presentando una asociación directa y estadísticamente significativa con: edad, experiencia laboral, mayor vínculo en tiempo y número pacientes terminales atendidos, y con la comprensión y regulación emocional. También se presentó una mayor actitud en el sexo femenino. La preferencia por trabajar en cuidados paliativos y ser formador en el área influyeron favorablemente en la actitud; al contrario, el miedo a la muerte y el trabajo emocional fingido influyeron negativamente la actitud. Conclusiones: se requiere formación profesional que aporte al modelo empírico, oriente la educación de actitudes hacia la muerte y que ayude al afrontamiento emocional y actitudinal hacia el cuidado al final de la vida.
Calidad de vida de los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica
Authors: Carreño-Moreno Sonia Patricia , Chaparro-Díaz Lorena
Published: December 2016

El alto impacto epidemiológico, social, económico y cultural de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles afecta el significado de calidad de vida en las personas que las padecen y en sus cuidadores familiares. Objetivo: describir la forma como se construye el significado de calidad de vida de cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica. Método: investigación desarrollada con la propuesta de metasíntesis cualitativa de Sandelowski y Barroso. Resultados: se presentan tres momentos en la trayectoria: 1) se afecta (destrucción celular programada); 2) se trasforma (autocontrol del desarrollo y crecimiento), y 3) se resignifica (condensación); y cuatro factores condicionantes para la construcción del significado de calidad de vida para el cuidador como son el soporte social, la espiritualidad, la habilidad para cuidar y el tiempo. Conclusiones: la calidad de vida se afecta y se reconstruye en virtud del significado que el cuidador tenga de esta.
Aplicação do Modelo Calgary de Avaliação Familiar no contexto hospitalar e na atenção primária à saúde. Revisão integrativa
Authors: Monteiro Gicely Regina Sobral da Silva , Morales Janaíne Chiara Oliveira , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da , Gomes Betânia da Mata Ribeiro , França Inácia Sátiro Xavier de , Oliveira Regina Célia de
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: caracterizar las publicaciones sobre la aplicación del Modelo Calgary de Evaluación Familiar, en el contexto hospitalario y en la atención primaria a la salud, divulgadas en periódicos en línea del área de salud. Material y método: revisión integradora de la literatura. La compilación del material se realizó mediante la búsqueda en el portal Capes, Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, BDENF, en la CidSaúde e Ibecs. Se adoptaron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos en línea, disponibles en su totalidad, publicados en los idiomas portugués, inglés y español, entre enero de 2008 y diciembre del 2013. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 25 trabajos. Resultados: en los años 2008, 2010 y 2013 se evidenciaron un número mayor de producciones, predominaron artículos originales, 64,0 % de los estudios se realizaron en la atención primaria a la salud. En cuanto a la autoría de los estudios, la investigación mostró que hubo la participación del enfermero en 88,0 % de las publicaciones. Conclusiones: fue posible evidenciar que la aplicación del MCAF, tanto en el contexto hospitalario como en la atención primaria a la salud, posibilita un abordaje más profundizado sobre la estructura, el desarrollo y el funcionamiento familiar, lo que se configura como una herramienta efectiva para identificar diagnósticos familiares.
Early Employment Outcomes of College Graduates of Diverse Economic Status
Authors: Wu Ching-Ling , Pham Mau-Ly
Published: December 2016

A college degree used to open doors for job, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged graduates. However, college graduates are experiencing increasing difficulties in the labor market and graduate employment has emerged as a hotly debated issue. This study employed a nationally representative sample from 140 colleges around Taiwan to compare early employment outcomes (job opportunity, salary, and job satisfaction) of graduates of diverse economic status and to examine related factors. The results revealed that graduate salary and job satisfaction corresponded to their economic status. Being female or technical institute graduate enhanced job opportunities, but hindered salaries for all graduates. Collegiate experiences enhanced job opportunities particularly for graduates of low economic status, and degree-level expertise enhanced salary and job satisfaction for all graduates. Based on the results, this study proposes institutional interventions specifically tailored for graduates of different economic status.
Management of cardiovascular disease in aging persons with haemophilia
Authors: Voskuil Michiel , Mauser-Bunschoten Evelien , Schutgens Roger
Published: December 2016

With the aging of the haemophilia population, age related comorbidities become more and more a medical issue. Managing haemophilia patients with cardiovascular disease is a difficult task for many haemophilia-treating physicians. Over the years, insights on prevalence, risk factors and management of cardiovascular disease in haemophilia have improved substantially. It is now recognised that many risk factors, such as hypertension and overweight, occur quite frequently in patients with haemophilia. Several new insights in anticoagulation management of atrial fibrillation and coronary ischaemia in haemophilia have been suggested. This review provides an general overview of the current knowledge of these topics in literature.
Exploring the Malaysian Rural School Teachers’ Professional Local Knowledge in Enhancing Students’ Thinking Skills
Authors: Jamil Hazri , Arbaa Rohani , Ahmad Mohamad Zohir
Published: December 2016

This paper discussed a qualitative research findings on the case of Malaysian teachers employed their professional local knowledge for enhancing students’ thinking skills in classroom practices. In this paper, a teacher’s professional local knowledge is viewed as a teacher’s professional knowledge and skills developed through the combination of the teacher’s expertise, theory, knowledge and experiences gained from professional practices in various and different contexts of students’ social backgrounds, environment and culture. In this case study, we investigate four teachers from various disciplines and schools located in rural areas who are implementing student-centered teaching approach in the classroom. We identified the method, techniques and approaches they employed to enhance students’ thinking skills via observations and interviews regarding their teaching practices in the classroom. The study has shown how teachers practice their professional local knowledge through various approaches, strategies and techniques that form positive interaction between teachers and students. This often emboldens intellectual discourse, and gives the students learning autonomy during the process of teaching and learning to improve their thinking skills.
Overgang van wettelijke verplichtingen – het Hof van Justitie van de EU treedt wederom buiten contractuele grenzen
Authors: Beltzer Ronald
Published: December 2016

Overgang van wettelijke verplichtingen – het Hof van Justitie van de EU treedt wederom buiten contractuele grenzen

Richtlijn 2001/23 inzake de overgang van ondernemingen ziet blijkens het in deze bijdrage besproken arrest evenzeer op de overgang van aan de arbeidsovereenkomst gerelateerde, wettelijke socialezekerheidsrechten. Slechts buitenwettelijke rechten inzake sociale zekerheid mogen door de lidstaten worden uitgezonderd van overgang (artikel 3 lid 4 onder a). De reikwijdte van deze uitzondering is beperkt. Het staat lidstaten vrij een ruimere bescherming te bieden. De auteur stelt de vraag of de uitspraak gevolgen heeft voor andere arbeidsgerelateerde rechten en analyseert de in dit arrest impliciet aanvaarde derdenwerking.
De Omgevingswet: waterbestendig of waterdoorlatend?
Authors: Kraak M.J. (Ina) , Wensink W.J. (Willem)
Published: December 2016

De Omgevingswet: waterbestendig of waterdoorlatend?

In deze bijdrage bespreken en beoordelen de auteurs de Omgevingswet – met een doorkijkje naar de wet- en regelgeving die nog volgt – vanuit het perspectief van het waterbeheer en de positie van de waterbeheerder. De huidige Waterwet, die nu in belangrijke mate het referentiekader is voor de waterbeheerder, vormt daarbij een belangrijke toetssteen.
De Aanvullingswet grondeigendom Omgevingswet: verbetering of niet?
Authors: Vermeulen J.R. (Jurgen)
Published: December 2016

De Aanvullingswet grondeigendom Omgevingswet: verbetering of niet?

In deze bijdrage beschrijft en bespreekt de auteur de consultatieversie van de Aanvullingswet grondeigendom Omgevingswet. Het artikel bevat een schets en een beoordeling van de instrumenten in de Aanvullingswet.