bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fragility, Perseverance, and Survival in State-Run Philippine Archives
Authors: Lim Bliss Cua
Published: October 2021

This article considers the consequences of the 2004 dissolution of the Philippine Information Agency’s Motion Picture Division (PIA-MPD) on three key collections entrusted to it: films from the National Media Production Center; from the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (themselves remnants of the previous archival collapse of the Film Archives of the Philippines in 1986); and lastly, a number of films produced by LVN Pictures, a studio founded in 1938. Using approaches from cultural policy, archival theory, feminist epistemology, and postcolonial historiography, the essay draws on an array of sources—archival films, legislative records, PIA documents, oral history interviews, and personal papers from members of the Society of Filipino Archivists for Film and the South East Asia Pacific Audio Visual Archives Association. The aftermath of the PIA-MPD’s abolition underscores the drawbacks of a narrowly profit-driven perspective on state film archiving that devalued analog cinema in relation to digital media while also ignoring the unique demands of audiovisual (AV) archiving by conflating it with paper-based librarianship. This study affirms the Filipino AV archive advocacy’s repeated calls for legislation to safeguard the institutional continuity and autonomy of Philippine film archives from the vagaries of political whim. Reflecting on the archivist-activists who endured the decline of various state-run film collections, the article concludes by conceptualizing archival survival as not only involving the material preservation of analog or digital AV carriers but as also entailing exhaustion and persistence on the part of archivists who persevere in institutional conditions they work to change.
A Density Functional Theory Study of the Isomerization of Substituted 2and#39;-hydroxychalcones to the Corresponding Flavanones
Authors: Said Abdelqadar Said Said Abdelqadar Said , Omar A Shareef and Abdulkhalik S Alkazzaz Omar A Shareef and Abdulkhalik S Alkazzaz
Published: October 2021

The transformation of 2and#39;-hydroxychalcones to their corresponding flavanones was studied theoretically by the use of the density functional theory (DFT) with B3-LYP/ 6-311G basis set to get important information about the role of both of electronic and structural properties in this process. The obtained energies were found to be in agreement with our previous results that obtained from HPLC studies. The estimated hardness, polarizability, and electrophilicity profiles were found to obey the maximum hardness principle (MHP), minimum polarizability principle (MPP), and the minimum electrophilicity principle (MEP) respectively. Flavanone ring closure was found to be the rate-determining step.
Research Publications Growth Rate of Chemistry and Related Subject Areas in Pakistan and Fifty Countries from 2001 to 2020
Authors: Waseem Hassan Waseem Hassan , Maria Khalid and Muhammad Raza Shah Maria Khalid and Muhammad Raza Shah
Published: October 2021

The study was designed to provide a comprehensive view of the chemistry research publications growth (%) of fifty (50) countries after 2000/01. Scopus; the worldand#39;s largest abstract and citation database and Scifinder; the subject specific database for chemistry were primarily used for the purpose. According to the Scopus, from 2001 to March 2020 total 10,013,057 chemistry documents (majorly research articles, reviews, and conference papers) were published. From 2001-
2020, The United States secured the top position (2403235/ 24.00%) followed by China, (1929345/ 19.26%), Germany (727246/7.27), Japan (708947/7.08%) and UK (589025/ 5.88%). The highest growth rate was recorded for the year 2005 (9.17%), followed by 2011 (8.08%) and 2004 (7.52%). Furthermore, we also calculated the % growth rate of fifty (50) countries. As per growth rate calculations, the top three slots in the last nineteen (19) years are majorly occupied by Iran (11)
Pakistan (10), China (7) Malaysia (6) and Egypt (5). Emerging economies like Brazil, Mexico, Serbia, Turkey, South Africa, Romania, Mexico, Slovenia, Slovkia and Bulgaria etc… also showed significant progress in research output. For the 1st time Pakistan has topped the relative growth rate in chemistry publications for three consecutive years (for 2017-19). The growth rate for 2017-19 was found to be 18.51, 14.17 and 17.57 %, respectively. In fact, Pakistan topped the ranking in 2006 and
2013 as well. To further extend the idea, we retrieved the per year chemistry publications data of Pakistan from 1947 to 2000. Data from World Bank, Pakistan Ministry of Finance, Pakistan Education Statistics, Pakistan Research Repository, Higher Education Commission (HEC) and Pakistan Federal Ministry of Education was also acquired to possibly explain the increase in
chemistry research growth rate in Pakistan. Although the publication growth rate of Pakistan significantly improved from 2002 onwards, it still has a meager global share of 0.5 % (approximately) and highlights that concrete policy measures must be taken to improve the publication output.
Organo-Clay as Adsorbent for Removal of Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl from Water Samples; A Statistical Approach
Authors: Jasmin Shah Jasmin Shah , Muhammad Rasul Jan Muhammad Rasul Jan , Mian Muhammad Mian Muhammad , Behisht Ara and Changeez Ahmad Behisht Ara and Changeez Ahmad
Published: October 2021

In this study, fuller’s earth (FE) modified with sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid was used for adsorptive removal of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FPE) herbicide from water samples and statistical validation of the experimental observations was accomplished. All the adsorption experiments were conducted in batch mode. The effect of pH, agitation time, adsorbent dose and initial herbicide concentration on adsorption process was studied. About 98.5% adsorption efficiency was achieved at initial analyte concentration of 1000 mg L-1 at pH 6 within 60 min at adsorbent dose of 0.1 g. The adsorption kinetics were studied and pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to follow the adsorption kinetics with R2=0.998. The isotherm studies show that the adsorption data fit well to the Freundlich isotherms. In statistical evaluation, the individual as well as the interaction effect of various factors on adsorption was investigated and it was found that concentration, pH and adsorbent dose are the significant factors with p values of 0.0001, 0.004 and 0.006 respectively, while contact time was found statistically insignificant having p value greater than 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R2=0.930) shows that % adsorption is highly dependent on the studied factors and their interactions. Under the optimized set of conditions, high absorption capacity of 200.22 mg g-1 was achieved.
High Sensitivity Sulphite Membrane Selective Electrode and its Application
Authors: Sukru Kalayci Sukru Kalayci
Published: October 2021

In this study, the new sulphite sensitive ion-selective electrode (ISE) was prepared. The ISE was prepared from a combination of 5% perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), 40% PVC and 55% dibutylphthalate (DBF).The sensitivity of the ISE to 1.0x10- 7-1.0x10-1 M sulphite concentration was 58 and#177; 4 mV. Electrode sensitivity was characterized. The response time of this electrode is short and 30 s. The lifetime of ISE was approximately 210 days when used five times a day. It was determined that it can work at any pH value. It is not sensitive to anions and cations that may be present in the determination medium. The detection limit of the electrode against the sulfide concentration was measured as 1.2x10-8 M. The amount of sulfites in dried apricots in Turkey, was measured with electrodes. Sulfite amount in dried apricot was determined as 2.328 and#177; 0.2417 mg / kg according to the average of 5 experiments and 95% confidence interval. The same sample was measured with DPP as 2.521 and#177; 0.2785.The validation of the obtained results in each case was proved by statistical “t” and “F” tests.
Comparative Biocompatibilities of Various Sizes of AgCIT and AgPVP with their Protein Coronas Nanoparticles
Authors: Abdul Hameed Abdul Hameed , Komal Saba Komal Saba , Raheela Taj Raheela Taj , Andaleeb Azam Andaleeb Azam , Rohullah and Amna Paracha Rohullah and Amna Paracha
Published: October 2021

Biocompatibilities of nanoparticles are crucial for biomedical applications. Diverse silver nanoparticles (5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm and 80 nm) caped with citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were synthesized and primed their protein coronas. Nanoparticles were characterized with UV-visible spectroscope, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Comparative biocompatibilities were verified and recorded using MTS techniques. Human hepatoma carcinoma HepG2) cell line was used for measuring cytotoxic effect by MTS assays. Deleterious and comparative behaviors of citrate and PVP supported nanoparticles with varied dimensions were investigated and concluded; that citrate caped nanoparticles are comparatively less toxic and independent of size than PVP supported nanoparticles, having increased cytotoxicity with increasing size. The cytotoxic effect of citrate caped and its protein coronas nanoparticles was insignificant, while the boosted concentration of PVP supported nanoparticles enhanced the toxic effect, which endorsed enlarged size and amount of PVP supported nanoparticles. As medicinal precursors, the overwhelming use of PVP nanoparticles should be avoided, and a unique protocol must be designed if its use is crucial and unavoidable.
Preparation of Poly(aniline-co-phenol) and Study Its Properties and Its Polymerization Kinetics Using Two Methods: UV-Vis and HPLC
Authors: Juhaina Alghdir and Ahmad Falah Juhaina Alghdir and Ahmad Falah
Published: October 2021

The co-polymerization of polyaniline is one of the most important methods used to improve the electrical activity and thermal stability of polyaniline. Previously, electrochemical co-polymerization of phenol and aniline was performed on 304 stainless steel anodes. In this study, we present the co-polymerization of aniline and phenol chemically at laboratory temperature in an acidic medium with ammonium pyrosulfate as an oxidant. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of poly(aniline-co-phenol) sample shows a rough (non-smooth) surface with crystalline particles with microscopic diameters. We characterized the prepared polymer with DSC, DTA, and thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA). We found that the thermal decomposition of poly(aniline-co-phenol) was on six steps. The glass transition temperature of the co-polymer (Tg) was found at 863.89 and#176;C and the melting transition temperature was observed at 877.80 and#176;C. We studied the kinetics of Poly(aniline-co-phenol) using two methods: UV-Vis, HPLC. Then we determined the reaction order. It was found that the reaction was the zero-order reaction (n=0) in both previous two methods.
Expression of MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) in colorectal cancer
Authors: Espinoza Ingrid , Agarwal Sumit , Sakiyama Marcelo , Shenoy Veena , Orr Wayne S. , Diffalha Sameer Al , Prizment Anna , Varambally Sooryanarayana , Manne Upender , Gomez Christian R.
Published: October 2021

Background: The major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) is one of the ligands of the natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) activating receptor. MICA stimulates NKG2D, which further triggers activation of natural killer cells and leads to killing of infected target cells. To subvert the biological function of NKG2D, tumor cells utilize an escape strategy by shedding overexpressed MICA. In this study, we determined the levels of MICA in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Additionally, we established correlations between MICA expression and clinical characteristics. Publicly available data and bioinformatics tools were used for validation purposes. Methods: We determined the MICA RNA expression levels and assessed their correlation with clinicopathological parameters in CRC using the UALCAN web-portal. We performed immunohistochemical analysis on tissue microarrays having 192 samples, acquired from 96 CRC patients, to validate the expression of MICA in CRC and adjacent uninvolved tissue and investigated its prognostic significance by Kaplan-Meier and proportional hazards methods. Results: Bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analyses showed that MICA expression was significantly upregulated in CRCs as compared to uninvolved tissue, and the overexpression of MICA was independent of pathologic stage, histotype, nodal metastasis status, p53-status, as well as patient’s race, age and gender. Moreover, PROGgeneV2 survival analysis of two cohorts showed a poor prognosis for CRC patients exhibiting high MICA expression. Conclusions: Overall, our findings for CRC patients demonstrate generally high expression of MICA, and suggest that a poor prognosis relates to high MICA expression. These results can be further explored due to their potential to provide clues to the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to the progression of CRC.
Approaches for the amelioration of adverse effects of drought stress on crop plants
Authors: Dubey Anamika , Kumar Ashwani , Malla Muneer Ahmad , Chowdhary Kanika , Singh Garima , Ravikanth Gudasalamani , Harish  , Sharma Satyawati , Saati-Santamaria Zaki , Menéndez Esther , Dames Joanna Felicity
Published: October 2021

Climate change, water scarcity, population growth, and food shortage are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today’s world. Among different types of stresses, drought stress presents a persistent challenge for global food production, however, its harshness and intensity are supposed to expand in the imminent future. The most striking effects of drought stress on plants are stunted growth, severe damage to photosynthetic apparatus, reduction in photosynthesis, reduction in seed germination, and nutrient uptake. To deal with the destructive effect of drought stress on plants, it is necessary to consider its effects, mechanisms of action, the agronomic and genetic basis for sustainable management. Therefore, there is an urgent need for sustainable solutions to cope up with the negative impact of drought stress. This review focuses on the detrimental effects of drought stress on plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and recommends suitable drought management techniques to reduce the severity of drought stress. We summarize the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical parameters (such as germination, photosynthesis, biomass, water status, and nutrient uptake) and yield. Overall, in this article, we have reviewed the role of different phytohormones, osmolytes, exogenous compounds, proteins, plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM), omics approaches, and genome editing technologies like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) in alleviating drought effects in plants. We also proposed that developing drought-tolerant plant varieties requires the combined use of biotechnological and agronomic approaches and cutting-edge genome editing (GE) tools.
TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: EFEITOS DO ENSINO REMOTO NAS AULAS DE QUÍMICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE BENJAMIN CONSTANT, AMAZONAS, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Agmar José de Jesus , Pereira Lopes Alcinei , Da Silva Acsa Talita Oliveira , Maurício Arlington da Costa , Da Silva Santana Fabio Fidel , Silva Carmen Malafaia , Dos Santos Geiziane Gama , Lourenço Isai Ramos
Published: October 2021

A pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 atingiu a população mundial em 2020, ceifando milhares de vidas. Para conter a propagação do vírus na fase inicial da doença (COVID-19), medidas rigorosas de saúde como quarentena e distanciamento social foram tomadas pelos governos dos países, seguindo recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde. O impacto dessas medidas afetou diversos setores, entre eles a Educação, obrigando instituições de ensino no mundo a fechar as portas e buscar formas alternativas de ensino. Docentes e estudantes precisaram se adaptar rapidamente ao modelo de aulas remotas, o que exigiu mudanças de metodologia de ensino e uso mais intensivo de recursos educacionais digitais. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento do ensino remoto e as dificuldades encontradas no ensino e aprendizagem de Química de um grupo de estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública de Benjamin Constant, AM, Brasil, em 2020. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de abordagem quali-quantitativa, no qual os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários semiestruturados. Embora o ensino remoto tenha sido aprovado pela maioria desses alunos (92%), coexistem alguns obstáculos para uma aprendizagem de fato significativa. Destacam-se a baixa qualidade da rede 4G local, problemas de acesso a recursos educacionais, e o impacto psicológico e social da pandemia na vida dos estudantes. A questão se mostra ainda complexa e demanda mais investigações pela comunidade escolar e governos, no sentido de se obter um melhor aproveitamento do ensino remoto enquanto este for uma opção viável ao processo educacional.
Gender features of the life quality of preschool children living in Dushanbe
Authors: Abdullaev N. Sh. , Vinyarskaya I. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the parameters and gender characteristics of the life quality of preschool children and the influence of a complex of factors on them.Material and methods. A study of the quality of life of 354 children was carried out. Ther were divided into two subgroups - younger (3-4 years old, 97 children) and senior preschool age (5-7 years old, 257 children). The PedsQL ™ 4.0 questionnaire was used to assess the QoL of children.Results and discussion. It was found that with age, the parameters of QOL increase on the scale of “emotional functioning”, and on the scale of “functioning in kindergarten” - decreases. The children of 5-7 years old themselves rated such aspects of QOL as emotional and role functioning significantly higher. Gender differences had specificitiesthe QOL of boys in the younger preschool group was higher in terms of emotional functioning. According to children, differences were established on the scale of “social functioning”, where this indicator was significantly higher in girls. The interrelation of various risk factors on the QOL indicators of children has proved to be valid.Conclusion. The results of the survey showed that parents tend to assess the QOL of their children in this age category somewhat lower than the children themselves. The results once again confirm the influence of various medical and social factors on the QOL of children.
Factors of unfavorable outcome of generalized peritonitis
Authors: Muhsinzoda G. M. , Khalimov J. S. , Kodirov F. D. , Nazarzoda F. N. , Kakharov M. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To analyze clinical and bacteriologic factors associated with the occurrence of septic shock and mortality in patients with secondarily generalized peritonitis.Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 180 patients with generalized peritonitis was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 74 patients (41.1%) who had septic shock and the second group of 106 patients (58.9%) without a record of septic shock. Further, subgroups of patients with community-acquired and postoperative generalized peritonitis were identified in a ratio of 112/68.Results and discussion. Mortality among patients with community-acquired peritonitis was 21% and among patients with postoperative peritonitis - 16%. 42 (37%) patients with community-acquired peritonitis developed septic shock compared with 32 (47%) cases of shock among patients with postoperative peritonitis. Patients who developed septic shock were significantly older than patients without septic shock in both subgroups. In both types of generalized peritonitis, anaerobes are significantly associated with septic shock.Conclusions. It was revealed that age over 65 years, two or more microorganisms of the peritoneal fluid, or anaerobes were independent risk factors for the development of septic shock. Peritoneal exudate yeast and enterococci were associated with septic shock in a subgroup of patients with community-acquired peritonitis. Yeast was associated with high mortality in postoperative peritonitis.
The potential of duplex scanning in the diagnosis of pathological tortuosity of the vertebral artery
Authors: Yunusov H. A. , Sultanov D. D. , Gaibov A. D. , Abduvakhido B. U. , Nematzoda O. , Kamolov A. N. , Amonov Sh. Sh.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the capabilities of duplex scanning and study the features of hemodynamics in the vertebral arteries before and after surgical treatment.Material and methods. The results of anatomical and circulatory characteristics of an extracranial segment of the vertebral arteries in 52 patients with various forms of pathological tortuosity were analyzed. Kinking was present in 38 patients, coiling in 8 patients, and Powers anomaly in 6 patients. There were 18 men and 34 women. The mean age of the patients was 45.6±8.7 years.Results and discussion. In all types of PT of VA with ostium stenosis, the diameter of the artery was decreased, and based on tortuosity it contributed both to the reduction and deterioration of arterial blood flow to the vertebrobasilar basin. The decrease or increase in the linear velocity of blood flow, as well as other blood flow parameters, depended on both the type of pathological tortuosity of the PA and on the vessel diameter and the value of angulation. Hypoplasia of the opposite vertebral artery also occurred in 28 patients, which resulted in impaired blood supply to the brain.Vascular examination after reconstructive surgeries resulted in normalization of the parameters of arterial circulation and cerebral perfusion. Primary vascular patency was 96.2%, restenosis was not revealed in any observation.Conclusion. Duplex scanning is a highly informative technique for both diagnosing pathological deformities of the vertebral arteries and assessing the restoration of the hemodynamics of the vertebrobasilar system after reconstructive surgery. This method provides the most accurate information on the anatomical form and localization of pathological deformities of the vertebral artery. It also allows quantitative assessment of cerebral blood flow.
Derecho internacional humanitario y medio ambiente: hacia mejores estándares de debida consideración
Authors: Merry Grace , Macedo Julia
Published: October 2021

Los conflictos armados impactan negativamente el ecosistema, y es inevitable que la acción de los beligerantes produzca daños al medio ambiente, directos o indirectos. No obstante, el marco legal del derecho internacional humanitario, conforme lo establecido en el Protocolo adicional I de los Convenios de Ginebra, no es suficientemente estricto, y es inadecuado para proteger de manera efectiva la naturaleza. En ese contexto, el estándar de la debida consideración (due regard) parece ser una alternativa preferible al Protocolo, ya que presenta una limitación real a la conducta estatal. El presente artículo busca contribuir a este debate, considerando las recientes Directrices del Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja y ofreciendo una interpretación alternativa a la protección del medio ambiente en los conflictos armados internacionales.
Ocupación por proxy y los test de control: un análisis jurisprudencial
Authors: Arrieta Uquillas Sebastián Alejandro , Idrovo Romo Juan Felipe
Published: October 2021

En el caso del Fiscal c. Duško Tadic´ , el Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex-Yugoslavia sentó un gran precedente para el Derecho Internacional Humanitario al desarrollar el concepto de la internacionalización de un conflicto armado. Esto permitió que la figura de la ocupación por proxy encuentre cabida en casos donde un Estado ocupa determinado territorio de otro, por medio de un grupo armado organizado sobre el cual ejerce determinado nivel de control; a la vez, el grupo armado debe ejercer control efectivo sobre el territorio “ocupado” y cumplir con los demás presupuestos de la ocupación. El artículo propone un detallado análisis jurisprudencial y una discusión paralela sobre conceptos interdependientes como la calificación del conflicto y la atribución de responsabilidad estatal, al ser determinantes para que la ocupación por proxy sea aplicable.
Aplicación de la figura de crimen de guerra como límite al beneficio de amnistía en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Authors: Rojas-Orozco César
Published: October 2021

El derecho internacional humanitario prevé tanto la concesión de amnistías al final de un conflicto armado no internacional como su prohibición por crímenes de guerra. Sin embargo, pese a que la figura de crimen de guerra tiene una larga historia en conflictos armados internacionales, su extensión a conflictos no internacionales solo tuvo lugar desde 1995, y aún persisten vacíos sobre su aplicación, particularmente por tribunales nacionales. Por esto, el mandato de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz en Colombia para decidir la concesión de amnistías a través de un trámite judicial, y bajo el marco del derecho internacional, plantea retos y oportunidades para delinear el contenido y alcance de la figura de crimen de guerra como límite a dicho beneficio. Al efecto, este artículo analiza la forma como la Jurisdicción ha entendido y aplicado la categoría de crimen de guerra para excluir el beneficio de amnistía en sus primeros tres años de funcionamiento, dando cuenta de las discusiones que subyacen al tema, los referentes aplicables de la normativa y la jurisprudencia internacional, y los aportes que esta jurisdicción está haciendo al aún incompleto desarrollo de la noción de crimen de guerra en los conflictos armados no internacionales.
Lean Practices in the Process of New Product Development: Case of Study in a Food Industry Cooperative in Brazil
Authors: Zamin Simone , Nichetti Leandro José , Cescon José Antonio , Martins Vinícius Abílio , Lima Nilton César
Published: October 2021

This article presents a case study of employees' perception of Lean Manufacturing in the development process of new products at a Food Industry Cooperative in Brazil. A survey was applied in all areas of the company to measure the perception and understanding of employees regarding Lean Management and Lean Thinking. Also, to understand their knowledge of the principles and practices in developing new products in the company. The results showed that 76% of the responding employees have some understanding of lean management. It also shows low engagement by stakeholders and the board in the new product development process stages and weak integration between areas, such as environmental, engineering, and finance. On the other hand, RD& area presented higher engagement, with 90% of its staff supporting this process.
Adaptive Comparative Judgment and Psychological Safety in Accounting Education
Authors: Bartholomew Scott R , Jones Matthew D. , Hawkins Steven R. , Orton Jeff
Published: October 2021

Traditional Accounting curricula include instruction on the preparation of audit documentation, however, experiential instruction for students on the process of review-both as a reviewer and reviewee-is often scarce or missing. This study investigated a classroom intervention that engaged undergraduate students in peer-review activities to gauge how peer review and feedback impacted student performance and their perceptions of being able to engage in interpersonal risks. Using a case-method approach, students developed audit workpapers that were later peer-reviewed through a digital system utilizing adaptive comparative judgment (ACJ). Students’ achievement scores were collected, and students also completed a pre/post survey on psychological safety. Our results indicate that student psychological safety increased over the course of the semester; however, the peer review process through ACJ did not significantly improve student performance within the class. The students responded positively to the intervention as an engaging learning process and effective in teaching real-world skills. Thus, this intervention provides an example of how peer review activities could enhance the learning experience for students.
An Alternative Way in the Parent-Child Relationship: Mindful Parenting
Authors: YÜCEL Sümeyye
Published: October 2021

It is known that the relationship established between parent and child will have an impact on the mental health of both the individual and the society. Many information, ways and methods can be followed to ensure that the relationship in question is healthy. Mindfulness-based studies, which we frequently encounter today, find a place in the parent-child relationship. In this study, the aim is to discuss the concept of "mindful parenting", which has not been widely studied in the national literature yet. In this way, it would be beneficial to state that there can be an alternative way in parent-child relationship. By benefiting from the studies on this subject, the concept has been dealt with theoretically and practically and presented in a review. It is thought that the introduction of the concept will contribute to the studies on conscious-mindful parenting in our country. Within the scope of the study, respectively; the definition of the concept of mindful parenting, what it is based on, its sub-dimensions, the measurability and evaluation of mindful parenting, its reflections on parents and children are discussed. At the last stage of the study, suggestions for researchers and practitioners were given along with the studies in our country.
Infrastructure, Trade Costs, and Aid for Trade: The Imperatives for African Economies
Authors: Tadesse Bedassa , Fayissa Bichaka , Shukralla Elias
Published: October 2021

Using comprehensive bilateral trade costs data and a new index of infrastructure spanning from the 2002–11 period, we (1) examine the impact of aid-for-trade (AFT) from bilateral (BLT) and multilateral (MLT) sources on trade costs facing AFT recipient countries and (2) identify the role that improvements in infrastructure may play on the effectiveness of AFT inflows. Our results from a multilevel mixed-effects model indicate that increased AFT inflows from both sources reduce bilateral trade costs of the AFT recipient countries. Our results also indicate that infrastructure endowment promotes the bilateral (BLT) trade costs reduction effects of AFT inflows even much larger, hinting important policy implications relevant for strengthening the effectiveness of aid-for-trade and further aid extensions in general, especially targeted toward infrastructure improvements.
A-4 A comparative Study of contemporary issues between the two interpretations (Tibyan ul Furqan by ludhyanvi and Fahmul Quran by Mian Muhammad Jameel)
Authors: Siddiqui Khawaja Saif –Ur-Rehmam , Shafiq Usama , Khaliq Abdul
Published: October 2021

In this article provided a comparative overview of the contemporary issues of the two modern  Interpretations .These  are the modern issues that are discussed in it :Emirate of woman and Islam, Women's rights are equal to the rights of Men ,so that humanity is in Islam ,Men are the guardians of Women in transactions ,Women comfort in convict. The status of women among the people of Greece and Roman, The differed for the duration of breastfeeding, Separation of the child is permissible before the end of the lactation period ,Western outrageous culture and its impact ,Fee for nursing parent ,The issue of the sanctity of usury. Promoted image of usury in the era of ignorance and its rule. Updated pictures of usury and its ruling. Punishment  for usury eaters, Harms of usury and the benefits of alms. The sanctity of usury and the living system in Islam ,The difference between trade and usury. The issue of polygamy, the benefits of polygamy and the wisdom of Sharia, the Holy Prophet(S.A.W.S) and polygamy, the issue of marriage between a Muslim and an infidel, is it permissible to marry a Muslim with the people  of the book?
E-15 The Collaborator, a Mirror of Indian Hegemony over Kashmiri Muslims: A Post-Colonial Study
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Mirza Waheed in ‘The Collaborator’ shows how power works and affects the identity of discriminated and marginalized people of Indian held Kashmir. This research focuses on the powerful use of consent and coercion to exert their power over the weak territories.  Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony is used to explore the operation of power in Waheed’ The Collaborator (2011).This analysis clearly identifies that this work is full of hegemonic trends and patterns of Indian government in Kashmir and Kashmiri Muslims. The study also makes us aware of the Kashmiri Muslim society which can never become autonomous. The narrative enhances its impact by expounding neglected voices of Kashmiris who are neglected both by their own people and aliens in the valley. This paper aptly finds that Indian administration is making every effort to impose its hegemony and supremacy on Kashmiri Muslims. Waheed affirms emphatically that the poor inhabitants of village Nowgam are spending tragic lives facing threats, danger and long crackdowns because of vicious and menacing behavior of Indian forces. This paper interprets the selected text of “The Collaborator” as a representative of hegemonic Kashmiri Muslims’ narrative.
E-2 AN ISLAMIC APPROACH TOWARDS THE NATURE &PROBLEMS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY
Authors: Khattak Zeeshan Rais , Rizwan Muhammad Anas
Published: October 2021

In an Islamic framework, the scholars need to verify all aspects of the emerging phenomenon known as cryptocurrency. It works as an agent for the prevailing forms of currencies and substitutes the need to carry it everywhere in its physical form which may become a security threat. The theologians have always disapproved what seem to them innovative, alien and working as an agent of change. However, whatever may be their stance about previous innovations, the society had to act otherwise due to the compelling needs that had to be fulfilled. The difference of opinion between the Muslim Scholars about the cryptocurrency has once again divided the Ummah about its acceptance, substituting other forms of currency like fiat currency, plastic currency etc. No doubt these forms of currency have heavily damaged the financial markets due to their speculative nature. It seems that Muslim Ummah is again standing on the cross roads where it is unable to decide its fate. This article presents the basic concept of cryptocurrency & virtual money, its pros & cons, its status regarding Pakistani & Islamic Perspective. At the end, various conclusions and suggestions have been drawn.
E-6 The Compulsion Upon Muslims to Migrate Towards the Medina: (An Analytical Study of the Objectives and Causes From Historical Perspective)
Authors: Akhter Naseem
Published: October 2021

Allah (SWT) is a lord of the universe and everything which are in this universe, these all are in the hand of Allah (SWT). When a load of evil acts were increased upon earth, then Allah (SWT) sent His last messenger Hadrat Muhammad (PBUH) to guide the off-track people. At that time, the entire world has drowned up in sinful deeds. The pagan Arab was illiterate, they forgot the name of Allah (SWT) and they made many idols for worship. In the ignorant Arab society,  women and slaves were deprived of their fundamental rights. The girls were buried alive in the dust. It needed that someone guides them towards the right path. Hence, Allah (SWT) showered His blessing upon people and He selected the name of Muhammad (PBUH) for this mission. Hadrat Muhammad (PBUH) started his mission as a messenger of Allah (SWT) in pagan Arab society and preached the Islamic teachings for thirteen years in Makkah, besides the hard efforts, some people converted to Islam. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Muslims were facing the worst situation in Makkah. Ignorant Arabia increased their cruelty upon Muslims with the passage of time, hence, in this unpleasant environment, it was not possible for Muslims to fulfill the commands of Islam. Therefore, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Muslims migrated to Medina. The people of Medina were soft-hearted rather than Makkan's people and the environment was also pleasant for living. So, Hadrat Muhammad (PBUH) established an Islamic state there, where Muslims were easily accomplishing all the commands of Islam and as well as, all the basic rights were given to them. It was the first Muslim state in Medina, where the equality, justice, brotherhood, peace and harmony etc were maintained among people. The aim of this paper is to highlight the objectives of migration of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to Medina. This work will be an important research work for its theme. Which will provide a lot of information for readers and researchers.
ՈՒՂԻՂ ԺՈՂՈՎՐԴԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՆԵՐԴՐՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՔԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒՄ/THE FOUNDATIONS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY INCULCATION IN ARMENIA/ОСНОВЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ПРЯМОЙ ДЕМОКРАТИИ В АРМЕНИИ
Authors: Haroyan Zaven
Published: October 2021

This given article presents regressive demeanor of representative democracy in the last period and as a practical case - its formal way of manifestation in Armenia. As a solution for democracy implementation or promotion of democracy level, it suggests inculcation of a uniquely developed platform of direct democracy, with its relevant structures and tools.
Obrazovanje odraslih - put izlaska iz začaranog kruga nezaposlenosti i socijalne izolacije starijih osoba
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Orlović Lovren Violeta , Pejatović Aleksandra
Published: October 2021

Continued rise of unemployment, distinctive for many European societies today, is in Serbia additionally burdened by specific long-term crisis, heightened by the world economic crisis at the end of the last decade. The gap between strategic orientation towards lifelong education as a powerful mechanism of reduction of unemployment and practice is particularly evident when it comes to a group of older unemployed. Faced with these trends, experts gathered around the Society of Andragogues of Serbia launched in 2012 the project ,,Education for employment and active aging'', within the measures of active employment, with the aim to contribute to improvement of education in Serbia and to increase the employment and the employability of adults iolder than 50 years of age. In this paper we present one segment of the results of the research conducted on a sample of 387 older unemployed in five cities in Serbia, aged 50-65, of different sex and educational status. Highlighted are findings about attitudes of unemployed towards educational opportunities which should lead them to employment and overcoming of unfavorable socio-economic status, mainly caused by long-term unemployment and gradual exclusion of social life. The observed trends are reviewed in the context of specific and global social circumstances and directions of necessary improvement of educational and other solutions at the level of policy and practice of (adult) education and employment.
Singapore's efforts to achieve measles elimination in 2018
Authors: See Wanhan , Ng Yi Kai , Cui Lin , Kita Yuske , Ooi Stenven Peng-Lim , Lee Vernon , Heng Derrick Mok Kwee , Pin Lin Raymond Tzer
Published: October 2021

The World Health Organization verified that Singapore had eliminated endemic transmission of measles in October 2018. This report summarizes the evidence presented to the Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination, comprising information about immunization schedules; laboratory testing protocols and the surveillance system; and data on immunization coverage and the epidemiology of cases. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 246 laboratory confirmed cases of measles were reported. The source or country of infection was unknown for most cases (195; 79.3%). There were 22 clusters, ranging from two to five cases. The most common genotypes detected were D8 and D9. Transmission of B3 was interrupted in 2017, and H1 cases were sporadic and imported. Phylogenetic analyses of the D8 isolates showed the existence of 13 lineages or clusters. Although a few lineages were circulating concurrently, no lineage propagated continuously for a prolonged period, and transmission of each lineage eventually stopped. Although cases and clusters were reported yearly, molecular data showed that none of the lineages resulted in prolonged transmission. There were fewer measles cases in 2017 compared with 2016. The higher number of clusters was likely due to the overall increase in cases because cluster sizes remained small. The occurrence of small clusters is not unexpected since measles is highly infectious. The majority of imported cases did not result in secondary transmission. With the global increase in the number of measles cases, Singapore needs to stay vigilant and continue to promptly test suspected cases; vaccination is the key to preventing infection.
Use of public data to describe COVID-19 contact tracing in Hubei Province and non-Hubei provinces in China between 20 January and 29 February 2020
Authors: Dirlikov Emilio , Zhou Suizan , Han Lifeng , Li Zhijun , Hao Ling , Millman Alexander , Marston Barbara
Published: October 2021

Objective: Contact tracing has been used in China and several other countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region as part of the COVID-19 response. We describe COVID-19 cases and the number of contacts traced and quarantined per case as part of COVID-19 emergency public health response activities in China. Methods: We abstracted publicly available, online aggregated data published in daily COVID-19 situational reports by China’s National Health Commission and provincial health commissions between 20 January and 29 February 2020. The number of new contacts traced by report date was computed as the difference between total contacts traced in consecutive reports. A proxy for the number of contacts traced per case was computed as the number of new contacts traced divided by the number of new cases. Results: During the study period, China reported 80 968 new COVID-19 cases and 659 899 contacts. In Hubei Province, there were 67 608 cases and 264 878 contacts, representing 83% and 40% of the total, respectively. Non-Hubei provinces reported tracing 1.5 times more contacts than Hubei Province; the weekly number of contacts traced per case was also higher in non-Hubei provinces than in Hubei Province and increased from 17.2 in epidemiological week 4 to 115.7 in epidemiological week 9. Discussion: More contacts per case were reported from areas and periods with lower COVID-19 case counts. With other non-pharmaceutical interventions used in China, contact tracing and quarantining large numbers of potentially infected contacts probably contributed to reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Maksimalna kontingentna činjenica u leibnizovskim kozmologijskim argumentima
Authors: Lojkić Goran
Published: October 2021

Leibnizovski kozmologijski argumenti razred su kozmologijskih argumenata za opstojnost metafizički prvoga uzroka, kojih je definirajuće obilježje primjena nekoga širokoga eksplanacijskog načela ili pak ne‑lokalnoga načela kauzalnosti na tzv. maksimalnu kontingentnu činjenicu, tj. kontingentnu činjenicu koja sadržava ili povlači svaku kontingentnu činjenicu relevantne vrste. Jedna je od strategija za napad na leibnizovski argument stoga argumentirati da odgovarajuća maksimalna kontingentna činjenica ne postoji. Rad opisuje dva načelna načina na koja se to može pokušati učiniti. Prvi je zanijekati da je maksimalna kontingentna činjenica legitimna cjelina činjenica, drugi je zanijekati opstojnost kontingentnih činjenica općenito. Iznosi se nekoliko alternativnih formulacija tvrdnje o postojanju maksimalne kontingentne činjenice, njihova pozadinska teorijska motivacija i načini na koje pojedine formulacije izbjegavaju prigovore. Argumentira se da prigovori koji se odnose na maksimalnu kontingentnu činjenicu nisu ozbiljna prijetnja leibnizovskim argumentima za opstojnost prvoga uzroka.
Tomislav J. Šagi – Bunić i Bonaventura Duda
Authors: Patafta Daniel
Published: October 2021

Na temelju građe iz ostavštine fra Bonaventure Dude i objavljenih tekstova u različitim publikacijama u radu se nastoji pokazati životni put dvojice hrvatskih franjevaca, kapucina Tomislava Janka Šagi‑Bunića i franjevca Bonevanture Dude. Poznanstvo ove dvojice redovnika i svećenika seže u vrijeme njihovog odgoja u sjemeništima u Varaždinu i školovanja u Franjevačkoj klasičnoj gimnaziji u istom gradu. Različite naravi, različiti pristupi radu, različiti životni putovi, a u pozadini svega ostajalo je trajno prijateljstvo koje je ispreplitalo živote i rad ove dvojice prijatelja do kraja njihova života. Duda i Šagi‑Bunić ostali su zabilježeni u povijesti Crkve u Hrvata i hrvatskoj nacionalnoj povijesti kao nezaobilazna imena koncilske obnove u Hrvatskoj kao osobe koje su svaki na svoj način, usmjeravali intelektualni i pastoralni život Crkve u hrvatskom narodu u prijelomnim vremenima koncilske obnove, u socijalističkom društvu kojim je dominirao komunistički totalitarizam i otvorena ateizacija. Njihovi životi i rad jesu trajno svjedočanstvo da čovjek u otkrivanju svoga krsnog poslanja postaje locus theologicus, prostor Božje prisutnosti i djelovanja u Crkvi i svijetu, koje se ostvaruje i kroz djelovanje pojedinaca u njihovoj posvećenosti kroz određeno poslanje u Crkvi. Njihovo prijateljstvo također je svjedočanstvo kako iskreno prijateljstvo također jest locus theologicus, jer iz njega izrasta veliko dobro koje u svom vremenu pridonosi obnovi Crkve i društvene stvarnosti, odnosno čovjeka kao neizostavnog djela tih stvarnosti, a trag dobra ostaje zabilježen među generacijama koje slijede. Na ovom tragu u radu će biti proučen odnos dvaju hrvatskih teologa Tomislava J. Šagi‑Bunića i Bonaventure Dude, koje je uz obilježenost franjevačkom karizmom poslanja u hrvatskom narodu, visokim obrazovanjem te kvalitetnim znanstvenim i pastoralnim radom, obilježilo cjeloživotno prijateljstvo, koje je bilo u potpunosti uključeno u njihovo poslanje u Crkvi i narodu. Članak prati njihove živote od odgojnog razdoblja u Varaždinu do smrti Šagi‑Bunića, kroz teška i prijelomna razdoblja Crkve u Hrvata i hrvatskoga naroda.
Samostan sv. Andrije u Baru (16. stoljeće)
Authors: Marković Savo
Published: October 2021

Na osnovu arhivskih podataka i historiografije iznosi se argumentacija u prilog tvrdnji da je crkva sv. Venerande u Starom gradu Baru zapravo pripadala samostanu dumni sv. Andrije. Temeljem nalaza arheoloških istraživanja i komparativnih metoda nastoji se rekonstruisati izgled crkve i samostanskog kompleksa smještenog uz zidine urbanog prostora koji je predstavljao sastavni dio sakralnog horizonta nadbiskupskog sjedišta. Egzemplarno su analizirana punomoćja jedne redovnice iz Bara. Radom se predlaže preimenovanje titulara samostanske crkve u sv. Andriju.
Prvi vatikanski koncil u prigodi 150. godišnjice njegova završetka
Authors: Tolić Željko
Published: October 2021

Prvi vatikanski koncil u prigodi 150. godišnjice njegova završetka Ovaj rad obrađuje Prvi vatikanski koncil. Podijeljen je dva poglavlja. U prvom, koji je naslovljen »Hod prema koncilu« autor govori o događajima koji su prethodili Koncilu: proglašenje dogmatske definicije o Bezgrešnom začeću BDM, objava enciklike Quanta cura i popratnog dokumenta Syllabus, ideja o sazivanju Koncila i njegova najava, zatim neposredna priprava za Koncil i naposljetku rasprave uoči Koncila. U drugom poglavlju, s naslovom »Početak i rad Koncila«, najprije se donosi izvanjski okvir Koncila, a zatim se obrađuje početak Koncila. Nakon toga govori se o dvjema koncilskim konstitucijama Dei Filius i Pastor aeternus, kao i o njihovoj sadržajnoj strukturi. Na kraju se osvrće na Starokatoličku crkvu, koja je nastala kao plod neslaganja s odlukama Prvoga vatikanskog koncila.