bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scratch-Induced Deformation Behavior of Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposited α-Titanium
Authors: Palacios Blanca , Mohammed Sohail M. A. K. , Paul Tanaji , Garino Gia , Maribona Carlos , Langan Sean , Agarwal Arvind
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the scratch response of α-phase commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) produced via wire arc directed energy deposition (WDED), focusing on the thermal history and directional effects. Progressive scratch tests (1–50 N) revealed heterogeneous wear properties between the top and bottom layers, with the top layer exhibiting higher material recovery (58 ± 5%) and wear volume (5.02 × 10−3 mm3) compared to the bottom layer (42 ± 5% recovery, 4.46 × 10−3 mm3), attributed to slower cooling rates and coarser grains enhancing ductility. The variation in the properties stems from the thermal gradient generated during WDED. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed higher kernel average misorientation (KAM) in the bottom layer (0.84° ± 0.49° vs. 0.51° ± 0.44°), affecting plasticity by reducing dislocation and twin boundary mobility. No significant differences were observed between longitudinal and transverse orientations, with coefficients of friction averaging 0.80 ± 0.12 and 0.79 ± 0.13, respectively. Abrasive wear dominated as the primary mechanism, accompanied by subsurface plastic deformation. These findings highlight the significant influence of WDED thermal history in governing scratch resistance and deformation behavior, providing valuable insights for optimizing cp-Ti components for high-performance applications.
On the Maximum Probability of Full Rank of Random Matrices over Finite Fields
Authors: Delić Marija , Ivetić Jelena
Published: February 2025

The problem of determining the conditions under which a random rectangular matrix is of full rank is a fundamental question in random matrix theory, with significant implications for coding theory, cryptography, and combinatorics. In this paper, we study the probability of full rank for a K×N random matrix over the finite field Fq, where q is a prime power, under the assumption that the rows of the matrix are sampled independently from a probability distribution P over FqN. We demonstrate that the probability of full rank attains a local maximum when the distribution P is uniform over FqN∖{0}, for any K⩽N and prime power q. Moreover, we establish that this local maximum is also a global maximum in the special case where K=2. These results highlight the optimality of the uniform distribution in maximizing full rank and represent a significant step toward solving the broader problem of maximizing the probability of full rank for random matrices over finite fields.
Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Ruihong , Gan Qintao , Huang Xinxin
Published: February 2025

This paper concentrates on the fixed-time optimal consensus issue of multi-agent systems (MASs) under false data injection (FDI) attacks. To mitigate FDI attacks on sensors and actuators that may cause systems to deviate from the reference trajectory, a zero-sum game framework is established, where the secure control protocol aims at the better system performance, yet the attacker plays a contrary role. By solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation related to the zero-sum game, an optimal secure tracking controller based on the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is obtained to decrease the consumption of system resources while the fixed-time consensus can be guaranteed. Moreover, a critic-only online reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed to approximate the optimal policy, in which the critic neural networks are constructed by the experience replay-based approach. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are adopted to verify the feasibility of the presented approach.
First Confirmed Occurrence of Ciguatera Poisoning in the UK from Imported Pinjalo Snapper (Pinjalo pinjalo)
Authors: Turner Andrew D. , Maskrey Benjamin H. , Stone David , Mudge Elizabeth M. , Robertson Alison
Published: February 2025

Three people in England consumed fish steaks labeled as Red Snapper (Lutjanus bohar) originating from the Indian Ocean. Within 12 h, all three experienced sickness including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, as well as myalgia and paresthesia. Three steaks from a single package of fish obtained from a grocery store were consumed, leaving one uneaten, which was submitted for analysis. Cytotoxicity testing via the mouse neuroblastoma assay confirmed the presence of sodium channel specific activity consistent with a ciguatoxin standard, and the levels detected were above established guidance limits for safe consumption. Chemical detection using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry of both intact toxins and periodate oxidation products was used to confirm the presence of chromatographic peaks consistent with tri- and di-hydroxylated Pacific ciguatoxin 3C congeners. Taking the shared medical symptoms of patients, the recent dietary history, and the known potential for ciguatera poisoning to occur in snapper species, the subsequent evidence for CTX-like activity and CTXs in the same fish sample provides very strong evidence that the fish steaks consumed were similarly contaminated with CTXs. Furthermore, given the levels reported, such toxicity would be expected to cause intoxication in humans. Fish species identification based on DNA barcoding confirmed that the fish products were mislabeled, with the tissues instead being the Pinjalo snapper, Pinjalo pinjalo. This is the first confirmed ciguatera poisoning incident in both the UK and from the Pinjalo snapper and highlights the need for monitoring of these emerging toxins in reef fish imports to prevent future human intoxication.
Impact of Fentanyl on Recovery Times and Hypotensive Events in Ophthalmic Surgery: A Comparative Study
Authors: Manukyan Garegin , Beel Daniel , Thudium Marcus , Weisheit Christina Katharina
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Remifentanil is a member of the fentanyl family and a short-acting, esterase-metabolized opioid that offers potential advantages over fentanyl in ophthalmic surgeries characterized by rapid patient turnover. This study aimed to compare two different analgesia induction regimes, remifentanil or fentanyl, with respect to intraoperative hypotensive events and perioperative process times in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 500 patients either receiving remifentanil infusion (R group, 0.4–0.5 μg/kg/min at induction, and then 0.1 µg/kg/min maintenance dose) or fentanyl bolus (F group, 1 μg/kg for induction followed by 0.1 μg/kg/min remifentanil maintenance dose) were analyzed in this retrospective study. All patients received a propofol injection as part of the induction and sevoflurane for the maintenance of anesthesia. We investigated hemodynamic events as defined by the administration of vasopressors, atropine and Akrinor (Theodrenaline and Cafedrine), as well as procedural times in the two groups. Results: There was no difference in hypotensive events between the two groups. However, there was a relationship between preoperative ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) status and vasopressor administration. The amount of propofol for the induction of anesthesia exhibited a significant correlation to the age of the patients (p < 0.05). The time from the end of anesthesia to discharge from the recovery room was significantly reduced by approximately 6 min per patient in the remifentanil group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the induction of anesthesia with high-dose remifentanil combined with propofol can significantly shorten the time span to discharge from the recovery ward compared to fentanyl bolus administration, without an increase in the administration of vasopressors in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery in general anesthesia. Conclusions: These findings suggest that remifentanil may be a more effective choice for anesthesia management in settings with high patient turnover.
A 3.3 kV SiC Semi-Superjunction MOSFET with Trench Sidewall Implantations
Authors: Boccarossa Marco , Melnyk Kyrylo , Renz Arne Benjamin , Gammon Peter Michael , Kotagama Viren , Shah Vishal Ajit , Maresca Luca , Irace Andrea , Antoniou Marina
Published: February 2025

Superjunction (SJ) technology offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by silicon carbide (SiC) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) operating at high voltages (>3 kV). However, the fabrication of SJ devices presents significant challenges due to fabrication complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of a feasible and easy-to-fabricate semi-superjunction (SSJ) design for 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs. The proposed approach utilizes trench etching and sidewall implantation, with a tilted trench to facilitate the implantation process. Through Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations, we investigate the effects of the p-type sidewall on the charge balance and how it affects key performance characteristics, such as breakdown voltage (BV) and on-state resistance (RDS-ON). In particular, both planar gate (PSSJ) and trench gate (TSSJ) designs are simulated to evaluate their performance improvements over conventional planar MOSFETs. The PSSJ design achieves a 2.5% increase in BV and a 48.7% reduction in RDS-ON, while the TSSJ design further optimizes these trade-offs, with a 3.1% improvement in BV and a significant 64.8% reduction in RDS-ON compared to the benchmark. These results underscore the potential of tilted trench SSJ designs to significantly enhance the performance of SiC SSJ MOSFETs for high-voltage power electronics while simplifying fabrication and lowering costs.
Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida) of Freshwater Fish
Authors: Mamedova Simuzar , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: February 2025

The phylum Apicomplexa includes endoparasites of fish worldwide, which cause parasitic infections that can adversely affect productivity in aquaculture. They are considered bioindicators of water pollution. Piscine apicomplexan parasites can be divided into two major groups: the intracellular blood parasites (Adeleorina) and the coccidians (Eimeriorina), which can infect the gastrointestinal tract and several organs. This work aims to compile, as completely as possible and for the first time, the available information concerning the species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Conoidasida), which has been reported from freshwater fish. A comprehensive bibliographic search was performed using all available databases and fields, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In the freshwater fish found, there were 173 described species. This review demonstrates that freshwater fish’s eimeriid coccidia are better studied than adeleid coccidia. Studies of coccidian freshwater fish fauna indicate a high infection with Eimeria and Goussia species. The wealthiest coccidia fauna were found in the Cypriniformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Cichliformes fishes.
Vibrio sp. and Identification of the ctx Gene of Cholera Toxin in the Mandinga Coastal Lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Castañeda-Chávez María del Refugio , Aguilar-Muslera Rosa Elena , Reyes-Velázquez Christian , Lango-Reynoso Fabiola , Zamudio-Alemán Rosa Elena , Salcedo-Garduño Magnolia Gricel
Published: February 2025

Coastal lagoons have undergone changes due to anthropogenic activities, the presence of wastewater discharges, and unsustainable practices that alter water quality, favoring the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Vibrio. This study identified the presence of the genes for zinc metalloproteinase (HA) Vibrio sp. and choleric toxin (ctx) Vibrio cholerae, associated with the sources of contamination in the Mandinga Coastal Lagoon (MCL). During 2017, samplings were carried out in which sources of contamination associated with anthropogenic activities were identified. At the same time, water samples were collected from which DNA was extracted and the presence/absence of the HA and ctx genes was detected with a PCR analysis. The HA gene was identified in the three seasons of the year, while the ctx gene was only present in the dry and rainy seasons. The prevalence of both genes in the study area was independent of the presence of the pollution sources identified in the area. The absence of the ctx gene during the northern season is associated with the variability of the physicochemical parameters typical of the season.
The Separation of Y and Er Based on the Synergistic Effect of [N1444][P507] and TRPO
Authors: Ning Kejia , Wang Jingzheng , Zhang Li , Hong Mengting , Fu Biao , Deng Jiushuai , Gui Xiahui , Xing Yaowen , Fan Guixia , Xu Hongxiang
Published: February 2025

This systematic study was conducted on the separation of yttrium (Y) and erbium (Er) from a chloride medium using a mixed extractant system composed of [N1444][P507] and TRPO (trialkylphosphine oxide) in kerosene. This investigation focused on the effects of various extractants, extraction systems, the initial acidity of the aqueous phase, and the phase contact time on the extraction efficiencies of Y and Er. This study showed that using the combination of [N1444][P507] and TRPO notably increased the extraction performance and enhanced the separation factor between Y and Er, outperforming the individual use of P507 or [N1444][P507] under identical conditions. The extraction efficiencies for Y and Er reached 88.4% and 93.3%, respectively, with a separation factor (Er/Y) of 1.84, highlighting the system’s effectiveness in selectively isolating rare earth elements. Optimal stripping conditions were obtained using 0.1 mol/L of HCl, resulting in a successful recovery of 93.1% of Y3+ and 78.9% of Er3+ from the organic phase. The extraction mechanism involved both ion exchange and ion association. The enthalpy changes (ΔH) associated with the extraction of Y3+ (−2.5 kJ·mol−1) and Er3+ (4.6 KJ·mol−1) demonstrate that the extraction processes are exothermic, reflecting the thermodynamic differences between the two ions.
Direct Aqueous Carbonation of Heat-Activated Lizardite; Effect of Particle Size and Solids Loading on Magnesite Yield
Authors: Abu Fara Ammar , Rayson Mark R. , Brent Geoff F. , Oliver Timothy K. , Stockenhuber Michael , Kennedy Eric M.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we investigated the effect of particle size and solids loading on the magnesite yield in the direct aqueous mineral carbonation of heat-activated lizardite. Experimentation was conducted under single-step reaction conditions (130 bar partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 150 °C, with 0.64 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and 15 wt% solids) as developed by the Albany Research Center (ARC). The objective of the study was to enhance the understanding of the direct aqueous mineral carbonation process in heat-activated lizardite. Furthermore, we aimed to shed light on how variations in particle size could affect the reaction rate, yield, and the development of protective silica layers. Our experimental data suggest that the extraction of magnesium from finer particles (sub 20 µm) is marginally more effective than from the larger size fractions. This difference likely stems from the larger surface area of fine particles (sub 20 µm) in both low and high solids loading experiments. The highest magnesite yield was 50% after 60 min, and this was achieved for both solids loadings (5 and 15 wt%), demonstrating that the solids loading had no impact on the yield. Our findings indicate rapid heat-activated lizardite reaction within 20 min, which achieved 34% and 40% conversion for 5 wt% and 15 wt% solids loading, respectively. This is followed by declining rates with increasing solids loading.
Clicked H-Shaped Arylopeptoids
Authors: Chamas Zein El Abidine , Akhdar Ayman , Charnay-Pouget Florence , Faure Sophie , Gautier Arnaud
Published: February 2025

This study presents a tentative synthesis of supported H-shaped and ladder-type compounds. If the ladders were not accessible, probably due to distance misfits between the reactive centers, a facile method for the synthesis of H-shaped N-alkylated aminomethyl oligobenzamides, i.e., arylopeptoids by on-resin homodimerization via the Copper(I)-Catalyzed-Alkyne-Azide-Cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is reported. While successful, a synthetic bottleneck was identified for further oligomer elongation due to congestion when the ligation occurs on solid support. However, this issue was effectively addressed using an elongated oligomer to conduct inter-strand cross-linking. Further CuAAC functionalization could be performed after elongation with additional alkyne groups to enhance diversity.
Groomed Fingerprint Sebum Sampling: Reproducibility and Variability According to Anatomical Collection Region and Biological Sex
Authors: Isom Madeline , Go Eden P. , Desaire Heather
Published: February 2025

Sebum lipids, accessible via groomed latent fingerprints, may be a valuable, underappreciated sample source for future biomarker research. Sampling sebum lipids from the skin is painless for patients, efficient for researchers, and has already demonstrated the potential to contain disease biomarkers. However, before sebum sampling can be implemented in routine studies, more information is needed regarding sampling reproducibility and variability. This information will enable researchers to choose the best practices for sebum-based studies. Herein, we use our recently established workflow for the collection and analysis of groomed fingerprints to assess the reproducibility of lipid profiles obtained via mass spectrometry. Using 180 fingerprint samples collected from 30 participants, we also assess lipid changes according to biological sex and anatomical grooming region (cheek, neck, and forehead) via supervised and unsupervised classification. The results demonstrate that this sampling protocol achieves satisfactory reproducibility, and negligible differences exist between male and female groomed fingerprint lipids. Moreover, the anatomical grooming region can impact the fingerprint lipid profile: cheek- and forehead-groomed fingerprints are more similar to one another than either collection site is to neck-groomed fingerprints. This information will inform future sebum-based biomarker investigations, enabling researchers to collect meaningful lipidomic datasets from groomed fingerprint samples.
A Study on the Pyrolysis and Product Regulation Mechanism of Waste Polystyrene at Threshold Temperatures
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Cangang , Wang Weixuan , Yin Fengfu , Han Wenwen
Published: February 2025

Pyrolysis technology, as a method for recycling waste polystyrenes (WPs), is widely regarded as an effective means to achieve the high value reutilization of WPs due to its environmental friendliness and the renewability of the resources used. However, in the conventional pyrolysis process for WPs, relatively high temperatures are often required to induce pyrolysis. This process not only consumes a significant amount of energy but also leads to complex and variable product compositions due to the high pyrolysis temperatures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-value-added pyrolysis process that can lower the pyrolysis temperature of WPs and regulate its products, achieving the efficient conversion of WPs. This paper proposes a high-value “threshold temperature pyrolysis process” based on the relationships between pyrolysis temperature, threshold activation energy, and the conversion rate of WPs. The study found that under a heating rate of 10 K/min, when the conversion rate of WPs reaches 0.3, the maximum activation energy required for the entire pyrolysis process is approximately 223 kJ/mol, corresponding to a pyrolysis temperature of 673.15 K. Therefore, conducting isothermal pyrolysis at this temperature is expected to achieve the efficient conversion of WPs. The experimental results show that, compared to the conventional pyrolysis of WPs, the threshold temperature of the pyrolysis process not only lowers the pyrolysis temperature by 40 K but also regulates the distribution of pyrolysis products and the composition of pyrolysis oil, leading to a 7%wt increase in the yield of the pyrolysis oil, reaching 89.3%wt. Meanwhile, the relative content of low-molecular-weight aromatic hydrocarbons (Toluene, Styrene, and α-Methylstyrene) in the pyrolysis oil increases by 7.4%wt, which also suggests that the threshold temperature of the pyrolysis process promotes the shift in pyrolysis oil towards lighter fractions. These findings provide a solution for energy saving, emissions reductions, and the efficient conversion of WPs.
Use of Ionic Liquids in the Enzymatic Synthesis of Structured Docosahexaenoic Acid Lyso-Phospholipids
Authors: Garcia-Quinto Ernestina , Guisan Jose M. , Fernandez-Lorente Gloria
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have shown that DHA supplementation in the form of phospholipids effectively increases DHA levels in the brain, including DHA lysophospholipids. This research explores a method to produce DHA lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LPC) using lipases and phospholipases immobilized on Immobeads-C18 with maximal enzyme loading. The esterification of glycerophosphatidylcholine (GPC) and DHA was studied with ionic liquids as alternatives to traditional solvents, with 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (MOIM-BF4) providing the highest yield due to its ability to increase the solubility of GPC. The reaction parameters were modified to establish a molar ratio of GPC to DHA of 1/10. A maximum DHA-LPC yield of 80% was achieved in 48 h, with a formation rate of 20.06 (mg/mL.h) × g. The Quara® LowP biocatalyst (QlowP-C18) maintained 100% activity during the first three cycles and produced 788 mg of DHA lysophospholipid. The use of 50% MOIM-BF4 improved the stability of the biocatalyst, and NMR confirmed that the product was the sn1-DHA-LPC isomer.
Prediction of Gadolinium Polynitrides at High Pressures as High-Energy-Density Materials
Authors: Yang Ye , Song Jiamei , Zhang Haodi , Li Zhihui , Liu Shuang , Wang Yuanyuan , Su Xiaomin
Published: February 2025

Pressure-induced nitrogen-rich compounds hold significant application prospects in high-energy-density materials. Utilizing first-principles calculations and swarm-intelligence structure search methods, we have identified ten new types of Gd-N compounds with different configurations, such as one-dimensional N-chains composed of N6 rings or N8 rings, and two-dimensional N-layers constructed of N14 rings, N18 rings, or N18 + N6 rings. Moreover, the predicted Gd-N compounds exhibit different magnetic properties, and a magnetic phase diagram is constructed in the pressure range of 0 to 200 GPa. Remarkably, the volumetric energy density (11.58–17.79 kJ/cm3) of Gd polynitrides with high nitrogen content, including P-1(I)-GdN6, P-1(II)-GdN6, R-3-GdN8, C2mm-GdN9, and P1-GdN10, surpassed that of TNT (7.05 kJ/cm3), making them promising candidates for energetic materials. The discovery of diverse chain-like and layered structures in the GdNx compounds highlights the role of gadolinium in inducing the diversity and complexity of nitrogen arrangements.
Structural Diversity and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds in Eriobotrya japonica Leaves
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Yeon Sang Won , Ryu Se Hwan , Lee Hak Hyun , Turk Ayman , Jeong So Yeong , Kim Young Jun , Lee Ki Yong , Hwang Bang Yeon , Lee Mi Kyeong
Published: February 2025

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., commonly known as loquat, is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. While its fruit is widely consumed as food and used in traditional medicine, research on other parts of the plant remains insufficient. Therefore, the chemical constituents and biological activities of its leaves were investigated. Phytochemical analysis of E. japonica leaves identified 30 compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and megastigmanes. The flavonoids isolated from the leaves include flavones, flavans, flavolignans, flavonoid glycosides, and coumaroyl flavonoid glycosides. Coumaroyl flavonoid rhamnosides were characteristically present in E. japonica leaves, and the configurations of coumaric acids, as well as the binding position to the rhamnose in each compound, were identified through detailed NMR analysis. Notably, three of them were isolated from this plant for the first time. Phenolic compounds were found to be present as conjugates with organic acids, such as quinic acid, shikimic acid, and glucose. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds demonstrated significant antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, whereas megastigmanes showed little activity. Notably, coumaroyl flavonoid rhamnosides, which consist of flavonoids combined with the phenolic acid, coumaric acid, exhibited excellent anti-diabetic effects. Further molecular docking analysis confirmed that these compounds effectively bind to the α-glucosidase enzyme. In conclusion, the present study identified flavonoid and phenolic components with various structures in E. japonica leaves and clarified their anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. These findings support the beneficial potential of E. japonica leaves for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic diseases.
Bacterial Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Wet Wound Dressing
Authors: Mo Meiqing , Wu Chaojun , Chen Yehong
Published: February 2025

Absorption of exudates is crucial for moist wound treatment, particularly in chronic wound care applications. However, controlling wound exudates with current gel-based wound dressings has challenges, such as the risk of bacterial infection during long-term transportation and use. In this study, a bacterial cellulose (BC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogel (PBC) was prepared by a simple method using citric acid (CA) as the crosslinking agent. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the reaction between the carboxyl group of CA and the hydroxyl group of the BC-PVA hydrogel enhanced its hydrophilicity. Sol–gel analysis confirmed that an increase in the PVA content led to stronger crosslinking of the polymer network in the hydrogel. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction results showed that at low PVA concentrations, the tendency to connect with cellulose chains and crystallinity increased. In addition, the hydrogel dressing demonstrated excellent water absorption capacity; the swelling rate reached 3485.3% within one hour, and no cytotoxic effect was observed on the L929 fibroblast line in vitro. The designed hydrogel exhibited the ability to resist bacteria. Therefore, the new PBC biomaterial has certain potential for various applications, particularly as a highly absorbent dressing.
Reversal in Solvatochromism, enol-imine/keto-amine Tautomerism and (E)-(Z) Photoisomerizations in a Benzylidene Aniline Schiff Base Derivative in Different Solvents
Authors: Sıdır İsa , Gülseven Sıdır Yadigar , Berber Halil , Ramos Maria L. , Justino Licínia L. G. , Fausto Rui
Published: February 2025

A novel Schiff base, (E)-4-acetyl-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)aniline (abbreviated as ANHMA), was synthesized and characterized using infrared and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. Optical properties in different solvents were evaluated using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The compound is shown to exhibit both positive and negative solvatochromism with reversal occurring for solvents with ET(30)~45 (e.g., DMSO). The solvatochromic behavior of the compound was found to be strongly dependent on the hydrogen bond abilities and polarizability of the solvent, the observed reversal in solvatochromism being explained by the change in the dominant solvent effects in non-polar and polar–aprotic solvents (H-bond acceptor ability of the solvent and polarizability) compared to polar–protic solvents (H-bond donor ability), according to the developed Catalán multiparametric solvatochromic model. In all freshly prepared solutions studied, the (E)-enol-imine tautomer of the compound was found to strongly predominate over the keto-amine tautomeric forms, the latter increasing their populations over time in the presence of H-bond donor/acceptor species. Irradiation of ANHMA with UV light (λ ≥ 311 nm) was also investigated in several solvents and shown to follow a general pattern, with the conversion of the (E)-enol-imine tautomer into the keto-amine forms in a solvent-mediated enol-imine/keto-amine tautomerism, and (Z)→(E) C=C isomerization between the keto-imine forms. The experimental results received support from an extensive series of calculations on the structure and UV-vis spectra of the relevant tautomeric/isomeric forms of the compound performed at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) level of approximation (including time-dependent DFT calculations and solvent consideration).
Homogeneous Aptasensor with Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescence Dual Detection Channels Enabled by Nanochannel-Based Probe Enrichment and DNase I Cleavage for Tumor Biomarker Detection
Authors: Gao Jiong , Zhang Shiyue , Xi Fengna
Published: February 2025

Homogeneous aptasensors that eliminate the need for probe labeling or immobilization hold significant potential for the rapid detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, a homogeneous aptasensor with electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual detection channels was developed by integrating nanochannel-based probe enrichment and DNase I cleavage for selective detection of the tumor biomarker, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). A two-dimensional (2D) composite probe was prepared by assembling the CA125-specific aptamer and the cationic probe tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II) (Ru(bpy)32+), which exhibited both EC and ECL properties, onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (Ru(bpy)32+/Apt@GO). A vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) with ultrasmall, uniform, and vertically aligned nanochannel arrays was rapidly grown on the inexpensive and disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, forming the detection interface. Due to the size exclusion effect of the ultrasmall nanochannels in VMSF, the Ru(bpy)32+/Apt@GO probe was unable to penetrate the nanochannels, resulting in no detectable Ru(bpy)32+ signal on the electrode. Upon specific recognition of CA125 by the aptamer, an aptamer-CA125 complex was formed and subsequently detached from GO. DNase I then cleaved the aptamer-CA125 complex, releasing CA125 and allowing Ru(bpy)32+ to dissociate into the solution. This enzymatic cleavage enabled CA125 to re-enter the binding cycle, amplifying the release of Ru(bpy)32+ into the solution. The electrostatic adsorption of the cationic Ru(bpy)32+ by VMSF significantly enhanced both the EC and ECL signals. The constructed aptasensor exhibited a linear EC detection range for CA125 from 0.1 U/mL to 100 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 91 mU/mL. For ECL detection, CA125 was detected over a range from 0.001 to 100 U/mL, with a LOD as low as 0.4 mU/mL. The developed aptasensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and was successfully applied to the dual-mode EC/ECL detection of CA125 in fetal bovine serum samples.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitor Activity of Novel Peptides Derived from Porcine Liver and Placenta
Authors: Pearman Nicholas A. , Morris Gordon A. , Smith Alan M.
Published: February 2025

Peptides isolated from various biological materials are potential sources for novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Here, the ACE-inhibitory activity of peptides derived from papain-digested hydrolysates of porcine liver and placenta were investigated. A high-throughput method was developed to identify potential bioactive peptides from the hydrolysates using in silico enzymatic cleavage, HPLC-MS/MS, and bioinformatics tools. Four peptides (FWG, MFLG, SDPPLVFVG, and FFNDA) were selected based on their predicted bioactivity, then synthesised and tested for ACE inhibition. All samples demonstrated ACE-inhibitory activity, with FWG and MFLG showing greater potency than SDPPLVFVG and FFNDA. The placenta hydrolysate outperformed both the liver hydrolysate and synthetic peptides in ACE inhibition, possibly due to it containing a higher proportion of dipeptides. The synthetic peptides’ IC50 values were comparable to those reported for porcine muscle-derived peptides in previous studies. While less potent than the commercial ACE inhibitor captopril, the identified peptides showed promising ACE-inhibitory activity. This research demonstrates the potential of porcine liver and placenta as sources of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides and highlights the effectiveness of the developed high-throughput method for identifying bioactive peptides; this method could subsequently be adapted to other peptide sources, facilitating the development of innovative functional foods or nutraceuticals.
Influence of History of Bronchiolitis on Health-Related Physical Fitness (Muscle Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness) in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: de Carvalho Inês Silva , Vilarinho Rui , Amaral Luísa
Published: February 2025

A history of bronchiolitis may lead to changes in health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of history of bronchiolitis on health-related physical fitness components (muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness) in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 86 participants (aged 7–14 years; all males) were divided into two groups: a group with (n = 40) and without (n = 46) history of bronchiolitis. Muscle strength was assessed with handgrip and isometric quadriceps strength tests with handheld dynamometers and the five-times sit-to-stand test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with the six-minute walk test (6MWT). The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the health-related physical fitness tests between groups and the binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential risk or protective factors in participants. No significant differences were observed between the groups in muscle strength tests. Participants without bronchiolitis walked a greater distance in the 6MWT than those with bronchiolitis (p = 0.002), and this appears to reproduce a protective factor in the group without bronchiolitis with an odds ratio of 0.99 [95% confidence interval: 0.98–0.99]. In this study, a history of bronchiolitis appears to influence cardiorespiratory fitness, but not muscle strength, in children and adolescents.
Agreement on the Prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) in Mexican Children and Adolescents Using Different International References
Authors: Santiago-Arango Marisol , Pérez-Campos Eduardo , Porras-Chaparro Ivan , Ruiz-Rosado Juan , Martínez Ruiz Héctor , Cabrera-Fuentes Héctor , Mayoral Eduardo , Martínez-Cruz Margarito , Hernández-Huerta María , Pérez-Campos Mayoral Laura
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Obesity and overweight are defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. These are conditions that can lead to a lifetime of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. The diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents depends on the international reference used. (2) Objectives: In this study aimed to determine the level of concordance of the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were estimated with three international references in Mexican children and adolescents between 2 and 18 years of age. (3) Methods: We used specific the body mass index (BMI) cut-off points of the ENSANUT Continua 2022 database. The weight category was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (<−2 standard deviation (SD), underweight; −2 and +0.99 SD, normal weight; +1 and +1.99 SD, overweight; and ≥+2 SD, obesity); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria (<percentile 5, underweight; percentile 5 and <percentile 85, normal weight; ≥percentile 85, overweight; and ≥percentile 95, obesity); and the Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria (specific limit values). To determine agreement among these three criteria, Cohen’s Kappa index was used. (4) Results: There were differences in the estimation of weight categories according to the international reference used. Substantial (WHO-IOTF: 0.639; CDC-IOTF: 0.785) and almost perfect (WHO-CDC: 0.806) levels of agreement were found between the references used; however, agreement varied according to age. (5) Conclusions: The weight category depends on the reference used, so each one should be used with caution since the results inform our actions of prevention, surveillance, and the control of nutrition in childhood and adolescence for the timely detection of chronic health problems and effects of social deficiencies.
Thyroid Stimulatory Activity of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Ethanolic Extract in 6-Propyl-Thiouracil-Induced Hypothyroid and STZ Induced Diabetes Rats: In Vivo and In Silico Studies
Authors: Rahman Shaikh Shahinur , Klamrak Anuwatchakij , Mahat Nirmal Chandra , Rahat Rakibul Hasan , Nopkuesuk Napapuch , Kamruzzaman Md , Janpan Piyapon , Saengkun Yutthakan , Nabnueangsap Jaran , Soonkum Thananya , Sangkudruea Padol , Jangpromma Nisachon , Kulchat Sirinan , Patramanon Rina , Chaveerach Arunrat , Daduang Jureerut , Daduang Sakda
Published: February 2025

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. holds a longstanding reputation as a traditional folk remedy in East Asia, where it has been employed to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions, nephritis, hepatitis and cancer. Despite its extensive use, there exists a paucity of research examining its efficacy in managing thyroid disorders and diabetes. Moreover, the bioactive components responsible for modulating the molecular pathways remain elusive. Objectives: This research aimed to determine the key bioactive components in the ethanolic extract of H. cordata Thunb. (HCEE) responsible for its thyroid-modifying properties and examine its effects on rats with experimentally induced hypothyroidism and diabetes. Methods: Molecular docking was performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of thyroid regulation of HCEE constituents. Researchers induced hypothyroidism in rats by adding 6-propyl-2-thiouracil to their drinking water for a period of four weeks. To induce diabetes, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The animals were then given daily oral doses of HCEE (500 mg/kg b.w.), levothyroxine (50 mg/kg b.w.), or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. Following this treatment, standard methods were employed to measure biochemical parameters in the rats’ serum. Results: The results demonstrate that HCEE ameliorated hypothyroidism by increasing serum T3 (14.38%) and T4 (125.96%) levels and decreasing TSH (p < 0.01; −41.75%) levels. In diabetic rats with induced hypothyroidism, HCEE significantly (p < 0.001) increased T3 (149.51%) and T4 (73.54%) levels with reduced TSH (−64.39%) levels. In silico analysis demonstrated that the identified bioactive compounds from HCEE may enhance thyroid hormone function through interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor protein TRβ1 (PDB:3GWS), similar to the conventional pharmaceuticals levothyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3). Conclusions: HCEE exhibits potential as a natural alternative to synthetic medications in the prevention and treatment of thyroid dysfunctions.
Enhancement of In Vivo Bone Regeneration by the Carbohydrate Derivative DP2
Authors: Ballout Nissrine , Toumieux Sylvestre , Darwiche Walaa , Gomila Cathy , Trécherel Eric , Accadbled Franck , Laurencin-Dalicieux Sara , Gennero Isabelle , Kovensky José , Boullier Agnès , Ausseil Jérôme
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Delays in bone healing and complications of remodeling constitute a major medical problem—particularly in older adults and patients with comorbidities. Current therapeutic approaches are based on strategies that promote bone regeneration. We recently identified a disaccharide compound (DP2) that enhances in vitro mineralization in human osteoblast cells via the early activation of Runx2 and the induction of osteoblast differentiation. Methods: First, a calcium quantification assay was performed to assess mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Next, microcomputed tomography and histological analyses were used to examine in vivo bone repair in a rat 5 mm cranial defect model following the implantation of DP2 coupled to a micro/macroporous biphasic CaP ceramic (MBCP+) or collagen scaffold. Results: Here, we demonstrated that DP2 induced osteogenic differentiation and significantly elevated calcium matrix deposition in the murine preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. We found that treatment with DP2 coupled to MBCP+ repaired the calvarial defect on post-implantation day 91. It significantly increased bone mineral density starting on day 29 post-treatment. In addition, DP2 did not induce ectopic bone formation. Conclusions: Taken as a whole, these results show that DP2 is a promising candidate treatment for delayed bone healing.
Association of OPRM1 and OPRD1 Polymorphisms with Pain and Opioid Adverse Reactions in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cáceres Carolina , Ávila Nikolas , Cerpa Leslie C. , Martínez Matías F. , Irarrazabal Carlos E. , Torres Benjamín , Barajas Olga , Varela Nelson M. , Quiñones Luis A.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Pain management in colorectal cancer is influenced by genetic variability in opioid receptor genes (OPRM1 and OPRD1), potentially affecting opioid efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study evaluated the association of OPRM1 (rs1799971 and rs510769) and OPRD1 (rs2236861) polymorphisms with pain severity, opioid efficacy, and ADRs in Chilean colorectal cancer patients. Methods: The genotypes of OPRM1 and OPRD1 polymorphisms and clinical data from 69 colorectal cancer patients were analyzed. Associations between genotypes, ADRs, and pain severity (maximum Visual Analog Scale, VAS) were evaluated under inheritance models. Results: The OPRM1 rs1799971 G allele was significantly associated with pain presence (p = 0.008), while OPRD1 rs2236861 was linked to ADR risk (p = 0.042). Allelic distribution analysis revealed higher frequencies of the OPRD1 G allele and OPRM1 rs510769 T allele in patients with ADRs and pain, respectively. For OPRM1 rs510769, the dominant model showed a significant association with pain severity (p = 0.033), while the overdominant model revealed a trend toward significance (p = 0.0504). Logistic regression model tests showed no significant predictive associations for the maximum VAS or ADRs under inheritance models. Conclusions: Genetic variations in OPRM1 and OPRD1 may play a role in pain perception and ADRs in colorectal cancer patients. These findings contribute to the understanding of pharmacogenomic factors in opioid therapy, emphasizing the need for further research to validate the clinical utility of these genetic markers.
The Role of Reproductive Modes in Shaping Genetic Diversity in Polyploids: A Comparative Study of Selfing, Outcrossing, and Apomictic Paspalum Species
Authors: Reutemann A. Verena , Schedler Mara , Hojsgaard Diego H. , Brugnoli Elsa A. , Zilli Alex L. , Acuña Carlos A. , Honfi Ana I. , Martínez Eric J.
Published: February 2025

Exploring the genetic diversity and reproductive strategies of Paspalum species is essential for advancing forage grass improvement. We compared morpho-phenological, molecular, and genotypic variation in five tetraploid Paspalum species with contrasting mating systems and reproductive modes. Contrary to previous findings, selfing (Paspalum regnellii and P. urvillei) and outcrossing (P. durifolium and P. ionanthum) species exhibited similar phenotypic diversity patterns, with low intrapopulation variability and no morphological differentiation among populations. The apomictic species (P. intermedium) exhibited low intrapopulation phenotypic variation but high population differentiation, indicative of genetic drift and local adaptation. Outcrossing species showed greater intrapopulation genotypic variation than selfing species, which displayed a high population structure due to restricted pollen migration. The apomictic species exhibited the lowest intrapopulation molecular diversity, forming uniclonal populations with high interpopulation differentiation, highlighting the fixation of distinct gene pools via apomixis. This is the first report about genetic diversity in populations of sexual allopolyploid species of Paspalum. Population structure in these allotetraploid Paspalum species is primarily shaped by how reproductive modes, mating systems, and geographic distribution influence gene flow via pollen and seeds. Our findings contribute significantly to the conservation and genetic improvement of forage grasses, particularly for developing cultivars with enhanced adaptability and productivity.
QTL Mapping of Seed Quality Traits in Crops
Authors: Kassem Moulay Abdelmajid
Published: February 2025

The ability to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has revolutionized plant genetics, providing an essential toolkit for dissecting the genetic basis of agronomic traits [...]
Infiltration-RNAseq Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in Nicothiana benthamiana Leaves Overexpressing the Banana Gene MaWRKY45
Authors: García-Laynes Sergio , Calderón-Vázquez Carlos Ligne , Puch-Hau Carlos , Herrera-Valencia Virginia Aurora , Peraza-Echeverria Santy
Published: February 2025

The banana gene MaWRKY45 gene encodes a WRKY transcription factor (TF) that is closely related to OsWRKY45, which is a master regulator of defense responses in rice. MaWRKY45 is a transcription factor with proven transactivation activity and nuclear localization. Its expression is upregulated by the defense phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Despite these findings, its transcriptome-wide impact during overexpression remains unexplored. Accordingly, the present study employed the Infiltration-RNAseq method to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) resulting from the overexpression of MaWRKY45 in the leaves of the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. A total of 2473 DEGs were identified in N. benthamiana leaves overexpressing the banana gene MaWRKY45. Of these, 1092 were up-regulated and 1381 were down-regulated. Among the genes that were found to be up-regulated, those encoding proteins that are involved in plant immunity were identified. These included disease resistance receptors, proteins that are involved in cell wall reinforcement, proteins that possess antimicrobial and insecticidal activities, and defense-related TFs. It was thus concluded that the function of the banana gene MaWRKY45 is associated with the plant immune system, and that its overexpression can lead to enhance defense responses.
Molecular Mechanisms of Alfalfa Response to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Peng Wenxin , Cai Wenqi , Pan Jieyi , Su Xinru , Dou Liru
Published: February 2025

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a high-quality perennial legume forage, is pivotal in global animal husbandry and ecological systems. However, its growth and production are threatened by various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, low temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. This review summarizes recent research on the molecular mechanisms underlying alfalfa’s responses to these environmental adversities. It provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the stress resistance of alfalfa, offering a valuable reference for breeding high-quality, stress-resistant alfalfa varieties.