bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeling at Home in Europe: Migration, Ontological Security, and the Political Psychology of EU Bordering
Authors: Mitzen Jennifer
Published: December 2018

While the EU has long been understood as a postnational political project, stressors like migration have prompted “neo‐Westphalian” responses. For insight into such backsliding, I focus on the concept of home. A psychological need for home as a place of “being” is central to an ontological security approach to subjectivity, and home qualities that resonate psychologically underpin political projects such as the Westphalian homeland. At both levels, home is understood as an enclosed refuge. But home is not necessarily that way, and that monological discourse, which privileges borders, limits our political imagination. To reclaim a plural notion of home, drawing on Winnicott and others, I propose that home is a space of “being with becoming.” Scaling up, this makes room for a new macro political idea, homespace. EU migration governance reproduces ideas of the home as homeland. I propose reorienting the imaginary of home to homespace, which focuses on centering and emplacement practices and locales of encounter, to help capture the promise in the EU’s post‐Westphalian territoriality.
Cognitive behavioural therapy can be effective in treating anxiety and depression in persons with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Tay Kok‐Wai , Subramaniam Ponnusamy , Oei Tian P.
Published: December 2018

Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that affects a person's abilities in daily functioning. Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among persons with dementia. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been tested to manage their depression and anxiety symptoms. However, the purpose of CBT in managing these symptoms is unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify whether CBT can be used to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in persons with dementia. The electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were used to locate relevant studies. Eleven studies, which involved a total of 116 older adults, were identified. The findings suggest that CBT can be effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. Based on our current review, the findings from previous studies form a promising foundation on which to conduct a major randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size. This review discusses some of the most important considerations in applying CBT to persons with dementia, and these may be beneficial for future studies that explore this area and seek more conclusive evidence on the use of CBT.
Conservation in Context: Toward a Systems Framing of Decentralized Governance and Public Participation in Wildlife Management
Authors: Sullivan Leeann
Published: December 2018

Governance scholars have long championed the adaptive utility of decentralized management institutions, in part due to their ability to bring diverse stakeholders into decision‐making processes. However, research into the link between decentralization and participation often looks at policy design but bypasses important system feedbacks that shape sustained participation over time. To paint a more robust picture detailing how decentralization and participation are related, this paper uses a complex systems framework to explore interacting structural, operational, and cultural components of decentralized wildlife governance institutions in the United States and Botswana. Through this comparative analysis, I argue that the landscape of public participation in decentralized governance institutions appears to be significantly impacted by three factors: 1) how decentralization processes occurred, 2) where in the process of decision making participation is situated, and 3) perceptions of power distribution between groups with competing interests.
Trust, scepticism, and social order: A contribution from the sociology of scientific knowledge
Authors: Ramírez‐i‐Ollé Meritxell
Published: December 2018

The sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), which studies the organisation and content of science, has made two original contributions to the understanding of social order at large. First, SSK scholars regard social order as a problem of establishing “cognitive order” and knowledge. A wealth of case studies has demonstrated that interpersonal trust is necessary to achieve agreement and shared perception among particular collectives of specialists. Second, SSK scholars insist that all types of cognitive order and knowledge, whether “scientific” or “lay,” are the result of socially organised scepticism being parasitic upon existing trust and background expectations (an argument that I call “the Parasitic View of Scepticism”). Sociologists with an interest in today's so‐called “knowledge” and “information” societies, and more specifically, in the social distribution and political uses of doubt and unknowns (including “post‐truth”), would benefit from adopting the Parasitic View of Scepticism and investigating the corrosive and generative consequences of scepticism on the trust relations and the cognitive/social order upon which it is based, in line with insights from the emerging fields of agnotology and the sociology of ignorance.
The Rules of (Dis)engagement: Black Youth and Their Strategies for Navigating Police Contact
Authors: Fox‐Williams Brittany N.
Published: December 2018

Prior work on youth–police relations examines young people's general perceptions of the police, their differential treatment by police officers, and officers' discretion in dealing with youth. Yet researchers have largely neglected the question of how young people attempt to shape these encounters. I address this critical gap, while also incorporating the experiences of “on track” youth and young women—two groups that are not exempt from police contact but traditionally ignored in the youth–police literature. Drawing on semistructured group and individual interviews with 19 black young people in New York City, I investigate the strategies they employ or subscribe to in navigating police contact. Three types of strategies emerged from my analysis: avoidance, management, and symbolic resistance. Avoidance strategies are marked by young people's attempts to preemptively steer clear of officers on the street. Management strategies are employed by young people during police encounters to limit risk or harm, while symbolic resistance is a subtle tactic used by some youth to preserve their dignity in these interactions. This study also considers the gender differences in respondents' approaches and offers new insights into how they assess their police interactions in an era of highly publicized incidents of police brutality.
Converging phenomics and genomics to study natural variation in plant photosynthetic efficiency
Authors: van Bezouw Roel F. H. M. , Keurentjes Joost J. B. , Harbinson Jeremy , Aarts Mark G. M.
Published: December 2018

In recent years developments in plant phenomic approaches and facilities have gradually caught up with genomic approaches. An opportunity lies ahead to dissect complex, quantitative traits when both genotype and phenotype can be assessed at a high level of detail. This is especially true for the study of natural variation in photosynthetic efficiency, for which forward genetics studies have yielded only a little progress in our understanding of the genetic layout of the trait. High‐throughput phenotyping, primarily from chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, should help to dissect the genetics of photosynthesis at the different levels of both plant physiology and development. Specific emphasis should be directed towards understanding the acclimation of the photosynthetic machinery in fluctuating environments, which may be crucial for the identification of genetic variation for relevant traits in food crops. Facilities should preferably be designed to accommodate phenotyping of photosynthesis‐related traits in such environments. The use of forward genetics to study the genetic architecture of photosynthesis is likely to lead to the discovery of novel traits and/or genes that may be targeted in breeding or bio‐engineering approaches to improve crop photosynthetic efficiency. In the near future, big data approaches will play a pivotal role in data processing and streamlining the phenotype‐to‐gene identification pipeline.
Statistics on the Implementation of Exclusionary Rules in China
Authors: Na Jiang , Rong Han
Published: December 2018

The media report that the rate of the actual implementation of exclusionary rules is very low in China, even lower than many of other countries in the world. This paper will start from Chinese academic findings on their current implementation. Further, it will proceed with Chinese official data on the actual implementation of exclusionary rules. Then, it will conclude with the common problems of such statistics that need to be mended in future reforms, in order to ensure better justice in China.
Bibliotecas, internacionalismo y paz.
Authors: Lor Peter Johan , Pabón Cadavid Jhonny Antonio
Published: December 2018

Este artículo, reflexiona sobre la relación de las bibliotecas con la paz. Las bibliotecas dependen de la paz para su existencia, desarrollo y supervivencia, al mismo tiempo que estas contribuyen a preservar y construirla La primera parte de este escrito, analiza el surgimiento de los movimientos internacionalistas y pacifistas en el siglo XIX y su relación con la llegada moderna de la bibliotecología y la ciencia de la documentación. Posteriormente se discute el rol de las bibliotecas en la consolidación de la paz, tal como fue concebida por la UNESCO e indaga sobre las diferentes concepciones contemporáneas sobre el concepto paz. Finalmente, se explora el rol de las bibliotecas para la construcción de la paz.
Cruces textuales del discurso bíblico y el discurso político en el género columna: claves para su procesamiento.
Authors: Pastene Labrín Federico
Published: December 2018

Este artículo aborda algunos cruces textuales del discurso bíblico y político producidos en el género discursivo periodístico de opinión ‘Columna’, a partir de un hecho noticioso y político contingente como el ‘Caso Caval’, que involucra a la familia presidencial chilena, generando variados sentidos. La metodología consiste en el análisis textual de una columna publicada en un diario de circulación nacional en Chile, titulada “El martirio del hijo”, desde una perspectiva discursiva y contextual.
Monográfico: “Psicología educativa y desarrollo en el siglo 21”
Authors: Gutiérrez Romero Mario Fernando , Taborda Hernando , Kronborg Leonie , Salas Gonzalo , Cornejo Claudia , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás
Published: December 2018

Editorial
Pedagogical Strategies to Promote Mediated Learning Experiences in Vulnerable Contexts
Authors: Sandoval-Obando Eduardo Enrique , Moreno Doña Alberto , Walper Gormáz Katherina , Leguizamón Martínez Diana , Salvador Bertone Matías
Published: December 2018

Education is conceived as a multifaceted, multidimensional and complex process of social transformation; nevertheless, schools operate within a passive environment that restricts the learning of young people from vulnerable contexts. This qualitative study explores the pedagogical strategies of four educators from one public institution in Valdivia who work with students who have been associated with episodes of law infraction. Analytical procedures rely on content analysis following the logic of grounded theory and In-depth Interviews. From a biographical perspective, the present study identifies the pedagogical strategies of these autonomous and optimistic educators to favor the construction of modifying active environments in this vulnerable context. It also seeks to generate new lines of research on critical pedagogy in vulnerable educational contexts, strengthening and enriching the competencies of educators from Mediated Learning Experiences.
Validez e invarianza factorial de una medida breve de Satisfacción con la Vida Familiar
Authors: Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Ventura-León José , Barboza-Palomino Miguel , Reyes-Bossio Mario , Arias Gallegos Walter L. , García Cadena Cirilo H. , Cabrera-Orosco Isabel , Ayala Jonathan , Morgado-Gallardo Katherine , Huamani Cahua Julio Cesar
Published: December 2018

Se examinó la estructura factorial, la confiabilidad, la validez convergente y discriminante, y la invarianza factorial por sexo, de la Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS). Los participantes fueron 804 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria de escuelas privadas de Lima, con un promedio de edad de 13.5 años (DE = 1.6). Los resultados confirman la estructura unidimensional de la escala (χ2 = 3.49, df = 5, p = 0.63; χ2/df = 0.69; GFI = 0.998; CFI = 1; NFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0 [IC90% 0, 0.038] y SRMR = 0.007), la invarianza factorial por sexo y una consistencia interna adecuada (α = 0.84; ω = 0.84; H = 0.85). Se obtuvieron evidencias satisfactorias de validez convergente y discriminante de las SWFLS con medidas de funcionalidad familiar, bienestar subjetivo y depresión. En conclusión, la SWFLS presenta excelentes propiedades psicométricas para medir la satisfacción con la vida familiar en escolares limeños.
Investigation of Vortex Generator Enhanced Double-Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Singh Shobhana , Sørensen Kim , Condra Thomas
Published: December 2018

In the present work, a numerical analysis of conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow in vortex generator (VG) enhanced double-fin and tube heat exchanger is carried out. The enhanced design aims to improve the heat transfer performance of a conventional double-fin and tube heat exchanger for waste heat recovery applications. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is developed using ANSYS cfx to simulate fluid flow and conjugate heat transfer process. Numerical simulations with rectangular winglet vortex generators (RWVGs) at five different angles of attack (−20deg≤α≤20deg) are performed for the Reynolds number range of 5000≤Re≤11,000. Salient performance characteristics are analyzed in addition to the temperature distribution and flow fields. Based on the numerical results, it is concluded that the overall performance of the double-fin and tube heat exchanger can be improved by 27–91% by employing RWVGs at α=−20deg for the range of Reynolds number investigated. The study provides useful design information and necessary performance data that can be adopted for the design development of the heat exchanger at a lower manufacturing cost.
Thermodynamic Analyses of Fuel Production Via Solar-Driven Ceria-Based Nonstoichiometric Redox Cycling: A Case Study of the Isothermal Membrane Reactor System
Authors: Li Sha , Kreider Peter B. , Wheeler Vincent M. , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: December 2018

A thermodynamic model of an isothermal ceria-based membrane reactor system is developed for fuel production via solar-driven simultaneous reduction and oxidation reactions. Inert sweep gas is applied on the reduction side of the membrane. The model is based on conservation of mass, species, and energy along with the Gibbs criterion. The maximum thermodynamic solar-to-fuel efficiencies are determined by simultaneous multivariable optimization of operational parameters. The effects of gas heat recovery and reactor flow configurations are investigated. The results show that maximum efficiencies of 1.3% (3.2%) and 0.73% (2.0%) are attainable for water splitting (carbon dioxide splitting) under counter- and parallel-flow configurations, respectively, at an operating temperature of 1900 K and 95% gas heat recovery effectiveness. In addition, insights on potential efficiency improvement for the membrane reactor system are further suggested. The efficiencies reported are found to be much lower than those reported in literature. We demonstrate that the thermodynamic models reported elsewhere can violate the Gibbs criterion and, as a result, lead to unrealistically high efficiencies. The present work offers enhanced understanding of the counter-flow membrane reactor and provides more accurate upper efficiency limits for membrane reactor systems.
Produced Water Re-Injection and Disposal in Low Permeable Reservoirs
Authors: Kalantariasl Azim , Schulze Kai , Storz Jöerg , Burmester Christian , Küenckeler Soeren , You Zhenjiang , Badalyan Alexander , Bedrikovetsky Pavel
Published: December 2018

Produced water re-injection (PWRI) is an important economic and environmental-friendly option to convert waste to value with waterflooding operations. However, it often causes rapid injectivity decline. In the present study, a coreflood test on a low permeable core sample is carried out to investigate the injectivity decline behavior. An analytical model for well impedance (normalized reciprocal of injectivity) growth, along with probabilistic histograms of injectivity damage parameters, is applied to well injectivity decline prediction during produced water disposal in a thick low permeable formation (Völkersen field). An impedance curve with an unusual convex form is observed in both coreflood test and well behavior modeling; the impedance growth rate is lower during external filter cake build-up if compared with the deep bed filtration stage. Low reservoir rock permeability and, consequently, high values of filtration and formation damage coefficients lead to fast impedance growth during deep bed filtration; while external filter cake formation results in relatively slow impedance growth. A risk analysis employing probabilistic histograms of injectivity damage parameters is used to well behavior prediction under high uncertainty conditions.
A Mechanistic Model of Predicting Solid Particle Erosion on the Symmetry Plane of Elbows for Annular Flow
Authors: Kang Rong , Liu Haixiao
Published: December 2018

In the transportation process of oil and gas, solid particle erosion in pipelines is an inevitable problem. The erosion usually occurs in fittings with changing flow directions, such as elbows. A theoretical model based on mechanism analyses is developed for predicting the solid particle erosion on the symmetry plane of elbows for annular flow. This model is a sort of generalized erosion prediction procedure, which resolves the erosion process into the description of the flow field velocity profile, particle motion rules, and penetration calculation. The 1/7th power law is adopted to represent the velocity profile of gas core, and a linear velocity profile is assigned to the liquid film. The trajectories of particles in the gas core and the liquid film are discretized, and a mathematical model is developed by analyzing external forces acting on particles. The impact speeds and angles of particles can be obtained from the mathematical model, and the penetration ratios are then estimated by incorporating the impingement information of particles into the erosion formulas. By contrast with experimental data, the mechanistic model is validated and indicates advantages in both accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on penetration ratios are discussed in detail, including the superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, pipe diameter, particle diameter, curvature radius, and liquid viscosity.
Fault Estimation and Fault-Tolerant Control Via a Novel Proportional–Integral Observer in Singular Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Li Min , Liu Ming , Zhang Yingchun , Chen Zhuo
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the fault observer and fault-tolerant controller design for singular Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems subject to actuator faults. First, a novel proportional-integral observer is constructed to estimate the system states and faults. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed observer are given in linear matrix inequality (LMI) terms. Furthermore, based on the state and fault estimation (FE), a fault-tolerant controller (FTC) is designed to effectively accommodate the influence of fault upon state and ensure that the closed-loop system is stable. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the presented method.
Certification Scheme for Offshore Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Boutrot Jonathan , Leblanc Aude
Published: December 2018

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) are promising Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies. Considering the emerging stage of development of MRE technologies, no dedicated certification scheme has been developed so far by international organizations. Technical specifications are under development in the framework of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee (TC) 88 and IEC Renewable Energy (IECRE). Within IECRE, the Marine Energy Operational Management Committee (ME OMC) is in charge of the development of a conformity assessment system dedicated to Floating Wind Turbines. In this context, Bureau Veritas (BV) has issued a Guidance Note NI631 Certification Scheme for Marine Renewable Energy Technologies and also the NI572 for the Classification and Certification of FOWT to support technology developers and speed up commercial phases. The note NI631 describes the different schemes of MRE certification, whereas the NI572 details the technical requirements for FOWT. This paper will provide an overview of the certification schemes applicable to FOWT technologies, addressing prototype, component, type and project certification. Main objective, scope, intermediary steps to be completed and resulting certificates will be detailed for each certification scheme, as well as their interactions. A methodology relying on the qualification of new technology process will be detailed when no guidelines or standards are available for the most innovative parts of a FOWT, or when existing standards from related sectors, such as wind energy, shipping or offshore Oil&Gas, require adaptations to fit their requirements to the specific MRE conditions.
Fully Coupled Aero-Hydro-Structural Simulation of New Floating Wind Turbine Concept
Authors: Connolly Aengus , Guyot Marc , Le Boulluec Marc , Héry Léna , O’Connor Aonghus
Published: December 2018

This paper describes a fully coupled numerical simulation methodology which is tailored towards floating offshore wind turbines. The technique assembles three key components; an aerodynamic model of the applied wind loads based on blade element momentum theory, a structural model of the floating platform and its associated mooring lines based on the nonlinear finite element method, and a hydrodynamic model of the wave-induced forces based on potential flow theory. The simulation methodology has been implemented in a commercial software product called ‘Flexcom Wind’, and the technical validation involves comparisons with experimental data derived from model-scale tank test facilities.

The validation process centres on an innovative floating wind turbine concept developed by Eolink. Unlike most wind turbines in industry which are supported by a single mast, this patented design uses four separate pillars to connect the turbine structure to the corners of the floating platform. This unique configuration offers several advantages over conventional designs, including a more even stress distribution in structural members, reduced dynamic vibration, smaller floater size and lower overall capital expenditure. Data obtained from the numerical simulations combined with the empirical tests is helping to optimise the device, with a view to further improving its structural design and performance.
MetOcean-on-Demand for the US East Coast: Wave and Hydrodynamics Database
Authors: Bolaños Rodolfo , Lako Anouk , Dich Grode Patrick , Golestani Maziar , Petersen Thor Ugelvig
Published: December 2018

The U.S. East Coast has the potential for offshore wind deployment and contribute to the energy demands of the area. A safe and cost-effective development of offshore wind farms requires detailed and accurate meteorological and oceanographic (MetOcean) analysis and, thus, a wave and hydrodynamic database has been produced along the U.S. East Coast.

The high-resolution wave and hydrodynamic models are calibrated and validated against various NOAA measurements along the U.S. East Coast. The wave model open lateral boundaries are forced by spectral data from a global wave model. Wind forcing for both models were taken from CFSR wind fields, and the hydrodynamic model was also forced by atmospheric pressure field. Spatially and temporally-varying water level and depth-averaged currents were used to force the wave model. The hydrodynamic model was forced by tidal elevations at the boundaries. The model’s resolution varies from 15 km along the offshore boundaries to approximately 3 km near the coastline. Wave spectra resolution was of 25 frequencies and 16 directions.

New wave model features are explored, including the effect of atmospheric stability on wave growth, the air-sea density ratio and the current impact on the wave growth rate. These processes are now included during the calibration process of the wave model.

Hydrodynamic model results show good agreement with surface elevation measurements, with no bias and small errors. Results of the wave model show overall good results, although some overestimation of the extreme events is noticeable for the studied cases.

The high-quality wave and hydrodynamic models developed within this work will serve as a MetOcean database for developers or alternatively as forcing for establishing local high-resolution (100s m resolution) models, i.e. for complex bathymetry at specific wind farm sites.

Further work includes longer-term validations, data assimilation and assessment of other processes such as bottom friction and their impact on the estimation of extreme waves.
Evaluating the Coupledness of the Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics on the Estimation of Fatigue Damage Equivalent Load for a Floating Offshore Wind Platform
Authors: Kanner Samuel , Yu Bingbin
Published: December 2018

In this research, the estimation of the fatigue life of a semi-submersible floating offshore wind platform is considered. In order to accurately estimate the fatigue life of a platform, coupled aerodynamic-hydrodynamic simulations are performed to obtain dynamic stress values. The simulations are performed at a multitude of representative environmental states, or “bins,” which can mimic the conditions the structure may endure at a given site, per ABS Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Installation guidelines. To accurately represent the variety of wind and wave conditions, the number of environmental states can be of the order of 103. Unlike other offshore structures, both the wind and wave conditions must be accounted for, which are generally considered independent parameters, drastically increasing the number of states. The stress timeseries from these simulations can be used to estimate the damage at a particular location on the structure by using commonly accepted methods, such as the rainflow counting algorithm. The damage due to either the winds or the waves can be estimated by using a frequency decomposition of the stress timeseries.

In this paper, a similar decoupled approach is used to attempt to recover the damages induced from these coupled simulations. Although it is well-known that a coupled, aero-hydro analysis is necessary in order to accurately simulate the nonlinear rigid-body motions of the platform, it is less clear if the same statement could be made about the fatigue properties of the platform. In one approach, the fatigue damage equivalent load is calculated independently from both scatter diagrams of the waves and a rose diagram of the wind. De-coupled simulations are performed to estimate the response at an all-encompassing range of environmental conditions. A database of responses based on these environmental conditions is constructed. The likelihood of occurrence at a case-study site is used to compare the damage equivalent from the coupled simulations. The OC5 platform in the Borssele wind farm zone is used as a case-study and the damage equivalent load from the de-coupled methods are compared to those from the coupled analysis in order to assess these methodologies.
A Coupled Wind-Wave-Turbine Solver for Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Lyu Pin , Park Sung Goon , Shen Lian , Li Hui
Published: December 2018

The coupled wind-wave solver (Yang & Shen, 2011) is extended to offshore wind energy research, with the embedment of turbine model (Yang & Sotiropoulos, 2015). The composite solver consists of a high-order spectral method for surface waves, large-eddy simulation for offshore wind on wave-surface-fitted dynamic grid, and an actuator based model for the representation of blades and nacelles. The blades are discretized by line elements, and its bound motion with floating platform is considered. Some smoothed spectral operations are applied to alleviate Gibbs phenomenon brought by local jump of turbine force. By performing simulations for a turbine array on land and over ocean waves, we have analyzed the impacts of waves on the wind farm in terms of mean wind speed and mean kinetic energy budget. It is found that a fast-propagating swell at the sea surface leads to a higher mean velocity at turbine hub height, which affects the wind power extraction. The influence of floating platform motion is also investigated. It is found that pitch motion has stronger influence than other in-plane motions, i.e., surge and heave. The interaction between tip vortex sheet and nacelle wake meandering is also studied. The intersection of these two flow structures coincides with a change of growth rate of mean velocity deficit width. The results will be useful for the understanding and control of turbine wakes in offshore wind farm.
Operational Data to Maintenance Optimization: Closing the Loop in Offshore Wind O&M
Authors: Papatzimos Alexios Koltsidopoulos , Dawood Tariq , Thies Philipp R.
Published: December 2018

Offshore wind assets have reached multi-GW scale and additional capacity is being installed and developed. To achieve demanding cost of energy targets, awarded by competitive auctions, the operation and maintenance (O&M) of these assets has to become increasingly efficient, whilst ensuring compliance and effectiveness. Existing offshore wind farm assets generate a significant amount of inhomogeneous data related to O&M processes. These data contain rich information about the condition of the assets, which is rarely fully utilized by the operators and service providers. Academic and industrial research and development efforts have led to a suite of tools trying to apply sensor data and build machine learning models to diagnose, trend and predict component failures. This study presents a decision support framework incorporating a range of different supervised and un-supervised learning algorithms. The aim is to provide guidance for asset owners on how to select the most relevant datasets, apply and choose the different machine learning algorithms and how to integrate the data stream with daily maintenance procedures. The presented methodology is tested on a real case example of an offshore wind turbine gearbox replacement at Teesside offshore wind farm. The study uses k-nearest neighbour (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to detect the fault using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data and an autoregressive model for the vibration data of the condition monitoring system (CMS). The implementation of all the algorithms has resulted in an accuracy higher than 94%. The results of this paper will be of interest to offshore wind farm developers and operators to streamline and optimize their O&M planning activities for their assets and reduce the associated costs.
Real-Time Hybrid Model Testing of a Semi-Submersible 10MW Floating Wind Turbine and Advances in the Test Method
Authors: Thys Maxime , Chabaud Valentin , Sauder Thomas , Eliassen Lene , Sæther Lars O. , Magnussen Øyvind B.
Published: December 2018

This article presents the Real-Time Hybrid Model (ReaTHM®) tests that were performed on a 10-MW semi-submersible floating wind turbine in the Ocean Basin at SINTEF Ocean in March 2018. The ReaTHM test method was used for the model tests to circumvent the limitations encountered when performing model tests with wind and waves. The physical model was subject to physical waves, while the rotor and tower loads were simulated in real-time and applied on the model by use of a cable-driven parallel robot. Recent advances in the ReaTHM test method allowed for extended testing possibilities and load application up to the 3p frequency and the first tower bending frequency.
A Study of Negative Damping in Floating Wind Turbines Using Coupled Program FAST-SIMDYN
Authors: Jose Alwin , Falzarano Jeffrey , Wang Hao
Published: December 2018

The Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) is a fairly new concept. There are limited number of full-scale prototypes to provide real data. Therefore, most of the research today relies on numerical models. This is required, so that an adequate amount of confidence can be gained before venturing into large scale production. The major challenge ahead is proving their reliability and robustness. There needs to be supporting studies that consider most factors that can go wrong. The computer program FAST was a groundbreaking contribution from NREL in this regard. FAST is capable of doing combined loading analysis of FOWTs. The numerical model used for the hydrodynamics can, however, be improved further.

Non-linear hydrostatic and wave forces on floating structures become very important during large amplitude waves. The computer program SIMDYN is a blended time domain program developed by Marine Dynamics Laboratory at TAMU and is capable of capturing the role of non-linear fluid forces. SIMDYN has previously been used to demonstrate that nonlinear hydrostatics become very important in the problem of parametric excitation. In the current work, SIMDYN is coupled with FAST. The FAST-SIMDYN is now a tool that is capable of studying large amplitude motions of FOWTs in extreme seas.

FAST-SIMDYN was then used to study the classic instability of negative damping that occurs in FOWTs that use conventional land based control. The development of platform pitch and platform surge instability are studied in relation to different wave and wind scenarios. The intent was to do an analysis to see if the non-linear forces do play a significant role in large amplitude motions induced by negative damping. This study gives an indication of whether the development of an even more sophisticated hydrodynamic modules is justified.
Growing climatic sensitivity of U.S. agriculture linked to technological change and regional specialization
Authors: Ortiz-Bobea Ariel , Knippenberg Erwin , Chambers Robert G.
Published: December 2018

Core U.S. agricultural region has become more sensitive to climatic shocks due to changes in technology and specialization.
Glacial changes in tropical climate amplified by the Indian Ocean
Authors: DiNezio Pedro N. , Tierney Jessica E. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Timmermann Axel , Bhattacharya Tripti , Rosenbloom Nan , Brady Esther
Published: December 2018

Coupled ocean-atmosphere processes in the Indian Ocean amplify changes in Indo-Pacific climate under glacial conditions.
The mysterious long-range transport of giant mineral dust particles
Authors: van der Does Michèlle , Knippertz Peter , Zschenderlein Philipp , Giles Harrison R. , Stuut Jan-Berend W.
Published: December 2018

Strong winds, turbulence, convective uplift, and electric charge may keep giant particles aloft.
A nanocrystalline monoclinic CaCO
3
precursor of metastable aragonite
Authors: Németh Péter , Mugnaioli Enrico , Gemmi Mauro , Czuppon György , Demény Attila , Spötl Christoph
Published: December 2018

Monoclinic aragonite (mAra) is a naturally occurring nanocrystalline precursor of metastable aragonite.
New neurons use Slit-Robo signaling to migrate through the glial meshwork and approach a lesion for functional regeneration
Authors: Kaneko N. , Herranz-Pérez V. , Otsuka T. , Sano H. , Ohno N. , Omata T. , Nguyen H. B. , Thai T. Q. , Nambu A. , Kawaguchi Y. , García-Verdugo J. M. , Sawamoto K.
Published: December 2018

Appropriate positioning of new neurons in the brain promotes post-stroke functional recovery.
Peanut allergen–specific antibodies go public
Authors: Gould Hannah J. , Ramadani Faruk
Published: December 2018

Characterizing peanut-specific antibodies may identify targets to treat food allergy
Printing nanomaterials in shrinking gels
Authors: Long Timothy E. , Williams Christopher B.
Published: December 2018

Photopatterning of reactive sites in gels enables arbitrary patterning of nanoparticles
Unlocking the science of success
The Formula: The Universal Laws of Success
Albert-László Barabási
Little, Brown, 2018. 316 pp.
Authors: D'Souza Raissa M.
Published: December 2018

A complexity expert reveals how social networks create recognition and acclaim
Did maize dispersal precede domestication?
Authors: Zeder Melinda A.
Published: December 2018

Unraveling the history of maize domesticates reveals a complex journey into South America
Searching for the singularity
Einstein's Shadow
Seth Fletcher
Ecco, 2018. 283 pp.
Authors: Kleban Matthew
Published: December 2018

An embedded journalist tells the tale of an Earth-sized telescope that could provide the first image of a black hole
A point-of-care diagnostic for differentiating Ebola from endemic febrile diseases
Authors: Sebba David , Lastovich Alexander G. , Kuroda Melody , Fallows Eric , Johnson Joshua , Ahouidi Ambroise , Honko Anna N. , Fu Henry , Nielson Rex , Carruthers Erin , Diédhiou Cyrille , Ahmadou Doré , Soropogui Barré , Ruedas John , Peters Kristen , Bartkowiak Miroslaw , Magassouba N’Faly , Mboup Souleymane , Ben Amor Yanis , Connor John H. , Weidemaier Kristin
Published: December 2018

A multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic using surface-enhanced Raman scattering detects Ebola, Lassa, and malaria in blood and serum samples.
Porcine Intestinal Enteroids: a New Model for Studying Enteric Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection and the Host Innate Response
Authors: Li Liang , Fu Fang , Guo Shanshan , Wang Hongfeng , He Xijun , Xue Mei , Yin Lingdan , Feng Li , Liu Pinghuang
Published: December 2018

PEDV is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that causes significant economic losses, and the lack of a good
in vitro
model system is a major roadblock to an in-depth understanding of PEDV pathogenesis. Here, we generated a porcine intestinal enteroid model for PEDV infection. Utilizing porcine intestinal enteroids, we demonstrated that PEDV infects multiple lineages of the intestinal epithelium and preferably infects ileal enteroids over colonoids and that enteroids prefer to respond to IFN lambda 1 over IFN-α. These events recapitulate the events that occur
in vivo
. This study constitutes the first use of a primary intestinal enteroid model to investigate the susceptibility of porcine enteroids to PEDV and to determine the antiviral response following infection. Our study provides important insights into the events associated with PEDV infection of the porcine intestine and provides a valuable
in vitro
model for studying not only PEDV but also other swine enteric viruses.
The Interaction of Bluetongue Virus VP6 and Genomic RNA Is Essential for Genome Packaging
Authors: Sung Po-Yu , Vaughan Robert , Rahman Shah Kamranur , Yi Guanghui , Kerviel Adeline , Kao C. Cheng , Roy Polly
Published: December 2018

Genome packaging is a critical stage during virus replication. For viruses with segmented genomes, the genome segments need to be correctly packaged into a newly formed capsid. However, the detailed mechanism of this packaging is unclear. Here we focus on VP6, a minor viral protein of bluetongue virus, which is critical for genome packaging. We used multiple approaches, including a robust RNA-protein fingerprinting assay, to map the ssRNA binding sites of recombinant VP6 and the genomic dsRNA binding sites of capsid-associated VP6. By these means, together with virological and biochemical methods, we identify the viral RNA-packaging motif of a segmented dsRNA virus for the first time.
Augmented reality game-related injury
Authors: Richards Kate Gemma , Wong Kai Yuen , Khan Mansoor
Published: December 2018

There are an increasing number of injuries associated with ambulatory mobile phone use. Pokémon Go is one of the first widely used mobile phone augmented reality games and generated substantial media interest. We present a case of electrical burns in a Pokémon Go player and review literature on ambulatory mobile phone injuries.
Measured energy content of frequently purchased restaurant meals: multi-country cross sectional study
Authors: Roberts Susan B , Das Sai Krupa , Suen Vivian Marques Miguel , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Kuriyan Rebecca , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda , Taetzsch Amy , Anderson Alex K , Silver Rachel E , Barger Kathryn , Krauss Amy , Karhunen Leila , Zhang Xueying , Hambly Catherine , Schwab Ursula , Triffoni-Melo Andresa de Toledo , Fassini Priscila Giacomo , Taylor Salima F , Economos Christina , Kurpad Anura V , Speakman John R
Published: December 2018

Objective

To measure the energy content of frequently ordered meals from full service and fast food restaurants in five countries and compare values with US data.

Design

Cross sectional survey.

Setting

223 meals from 111 randomly selected full service and fast food restaurants serving popular cuisines in Brazil, China, Finland, Ghana, and India were the primary sampling unit; 10 meals from five worksite canteens were also studied in Finland. The observational unit was frequently ordered meals in selected restaurants.

Main outcome measure

Meal energy content, measured by bomb calorimetry.

Results

Compared with the US, weighted mean energy of restaurant meals was lower only in China (719 (95% confidence interval 646 to 799) kcal versus 1088 (1002 to 1181) kcal; P<0.001). In analysis of variance models, fast food contained 33% less energy than full service meals (P<0.001). In Finland, worksite canteens provided 25% less energy than full service and fast food restaurants (mean 880 (SD 156) versus 1166 (298); P=0.009). Country, restaurant type, number of meal components, and meal weight predicted meal energy in a factorial analysis of variance (R
2
=0.62, P<0.001). Ninety four per cent of full service meals and 72% of fast food meals contained at least 600 kcal. Modeling indicated that, except in China, consuming current servings of a full service and a fast food meal daily would supply between 70% and 120% of the daily energy requirements for a sedentary woman, without additional meals, drinks, snacks, appetizers, or desserts.

Conclusion

Very high dietary energy content of both full service and fast food restaurant meals is a widespread phenomenon that is probably supporting global obesity and provides a valid intervention target.
Understanding historical summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) abundance patterns through the incorporation of oceanography-dependent vital rates in Bayesian hierarchical models
Authors: O’Leary Cecilia A. , Miller Timothy J. , Thorson James T. , Nye Janet A.
Published: December 2018

Climate can impact fish population dynamics through changes in productivity and shifts in distribution, and both responses have been observed for many fish species. However, few studies have incorporated climate into population dynamics or stock assessment models. This study aimed to uncover how past variations in population vital rates and fishing pressure account for observed abundance variation in summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). The influences of the Gulf Stream Index, an index of climate variability in the Northwest Atlantic, on abundance were explored through natural mortality and stock–recruitment relationships in age-structured hierarchical Bayesian models. Posterior predictive loss and deviance information criterion indicated that out of tested models, the best estimates of summer flounder abundances resulted from the climate-dependent natural mortality model that included log-quadratic responses to the Gulf Stream Index. This climate-linked population model demonstrates the role of climate responses in observed abundance patterns and emphasizes the complexities of environmental effects on populations beyond simple correlations. This approach highlights the importance of modeling the combined effect of fishing and climate simultaneously to understand population dynamics.
Thermal landscapes in a changing climate: biological implications of water temperature patterns in an extreme year
Authors: Steel E. Ashley , Marsha Amy , Fullerton Aimee H. , Olden Julian D. , Larkin Narasimhan K. , Lee Se-Yeun , Ferguson Akida
Published: December 2018

Record-breaking droughts and high temperatures in 2015 across the Pacific Northwest, USA, provide an opportunistic glimpse into potential future thermal regimes of rivers and their implications for freshwater fishes. We applied spatial stream network models to data collected every 30 min for 4 years at 42 sites on the Snoqualmie River (Washington, United States) to compare water temperature patterns, summarized with relevance to particular life stages of native and nonnative fishes, in 2015 with more typical conditions (2012–2014). Although 2015 conditions were drier and warmer than what had been observed since 1960, patterns were neither consistent over the year nor on the network. Some locations showed dramatic increases in air and water temperature, whereas others had temperatures that differed little from typical years; these results contrasted with existing forecasts of future thermal landscapes. If we will observe years like 2015 more frequently in the future, we can expect conditions to be less favorable to native, cool-water fishes such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) but beneficial to warm-water nonnative species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).
Molecular hydrogen: potential in mitigating oxidative-stress-induced radiation injury
Authors: Kura Branislav , Bagchi Ashim K. , Singal Pawan K. , Barancik Miroslav , LeBaron Tyler W. , Valachova Katarina , Šoltés Ladislav , Slezák Ján
Published: December 2018

Uncontrolled production of oxygen and nitrogen radicals results in oxidative and nitrosative stresses that impair cellular functions and have been regarded as causative common denominators of many pathological processes. In this review, we report on the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen in scavenging radicals in an artificial system of•OH formation. As a proof of principle, we also demonstrate that in rat hearts in vivo, administration of molecular hydrogen led to a significant increase in superoxide dismutase as well as pAKT, a cell survival signaling molecule. Irradiation of the rats caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, which was mitigated by pre-treatment of the animals with molecular hydrogen. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is regarded as an important regulator of oxyradical homeostasis, as well as it supports the functional integrity of cells, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress. We suggest that the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen may be through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway that promotes innate antioxidants and reduction of apoptosis, as well as inflammation.