bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring a Culture of Health in the Auto Industry
Authors: Purcell Wendy M. , Feldman Brian S. , Finn Molly , Spengler John D.
Published: April 2021

The Culture of Health framework includes four pillars of societal health and well-being influenced by business, namely: consumers; employees and workers in the supply chain; the community, and the environment. The Auto industry was an ideal crucible in which to explore the interface of public health with business given the confluence of the different domains in this sector. The substantial benefits of mobility, especially for the under-resourced, sit alongside negative impacts from emissions, accidents, products and services. Through interviews with 65 senior executives from seven major automakers, corporate actions reflecting health as a strategic agenda were mapped to the Culture of Health model. While most of the companies did not use the language of health explicitly in their strategy, key examples were present across all four pillars. Given the future of mobility relies on the interface of human experience with technology, it is a population-level challenge demanding system-level changes. Ostensibly, a framework for sustainability, the Culture of Health model could help the Auto industry navigate the disruption caused by the global megatrends and changing societal expectations of business in society and transition successfully to a new mobility economy.
The Topological Origin of Quantum Randomness
Authors: Heusler Stefan , Schlummer Paul , Ubben Malte S.
Published: April 2021

What is the origin of quantum randomness? Why does the deterministic, unitary time development in Hilbert space (the ‘4π-realm’) lead to a probabilistic behaviour of observables in space-time (the ‘2π-realm’)? We propose a simple topological model for quantum randomness. Following Kauffmann, we elaborate the mathematical structures that follow from a distinction(A,B) using group theory and topology. Crucially, the 2:1-mapping from SL(2,C) to the Lorentz group SO(3,1) turns out to be responsible for the stochastic nature of observables in quantum physics, as this 2:1-mapping breaks down during interactions. Entanglement leads to a change of topology, such that a distinction between A and B becomes impossible. In this sense, entanglement is the counterpart of a distinction (A,B). While the mathematical formalism involved in our argument based on virtual Dehn twists and torus splitting is non-trivial, the resulting haptic model is so simple that we think it might be suitable for undergraduate courses and maybe even for High school classes.
An Effective Toss-and-Catch Algorithm for Fixed-Rail Mobile Terminal Equipment That Ensures Reliable Transmission and Non-Interruptible Handovers
Authors: Chung Yao-Liang , Wu Sheng-Hui
Published: April 2021

The physical characteristics of fifth generation (5G) cellular network wavelengths result in quicker attenuation and smaller base station (BS) coverage area, which in turn, cause BSs to naturally transform into small cell BSs (SBSs). However, in the case of fixed-rail transportation, they often cover long distances when deployed and pass by multiple SBSs; hence, the connection of the terminal equipment in these forms of transportation is subjected to frequent handovers. Therefore, it is important to address the issue of identifying suitable SBSs for each handover such that a certain level of service quality and non-interruptible transmission can be achieved. In the present study, we proposed a new handover selection algorithm named the toss-and-catch algorithm. By means of an efficient SBS selection mechanism and configuration settings, the algorithm selects suitable SBSs to ensure reliable transmission and non-interruptible handovers. Meanwhile, with the assistance of an overload support mechanism, the algorithm is able to resist changes in channel environments under most conditions. In order to apply our results in more realistic channel environments, we performed all-inclusive simulations based on different symmetric fading channel environments, with the aim of developing more practical SBS selection and handover methods for mobile terminal equipment. The multitude of simulation results indicates that from the perspective of terminal equipment in fixed-rail transportation, under most conditions, the performance of the toss-and-catch algorithm in terms of signal quality and handover connection was superior to those of other conventional methods. For example, the toss-and-catch algorithm outperformed the random SBS selection method in a typical fading channel environment (e.g., Nakagami-1 fading), achieving, on average, an approximately 28% improvement in signal quality, an approximately 50% reduction in the disconnection rate for handover connections, and an approximately 71% improvement in processable load ratio. These results indicate that the toss-and-catch algorithm allows for a greater number of suitable SBS handover candidates to be identified, making it a promising SBS handover selection mechanism for 5G fixed-rail transportation networks.
Disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 Contaminated Surfaces of Personal Items with UVC-LED Disinfection Boxes
Authors: Bormann Maren , Alt Mira , Schipper Leonie , van de Sand Lukas , Otte Mona , Meister Toni Luise , Dittmer Ulf , Witzke Oliver , Steinmann Eike , Krawczyk Adalbert
Published: April 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted from person to person by close contact, small aerosol respiratory droplets, and potentially via contact with contaminated surfaces. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of commercial UVC-LED disinfection boxes in inactivating SARS-CoV-2-contaminated surfaces of personal items. We contaminated glass, metal, and plastic samples representing the surfaces of personal items such as smartphones, coins, or credit cards with SARS-CoV-2 formulated in an organic matrix mimicking human respiratory secretions. For disinfection, the samples were placed at different distances from UVC emitting LEDs inside commercial UVC-LED disinfection boxes and irradiated for different time periods (up to 10 min). High viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 were effectively inactivated on all surfaces after 3 min of irradiation. Even 10 s of UVC-exposure strongly reduced viral loads. Thus, UVC-LED boxes proved to be an effective method for disinfecting SARS-CoV-2-contaminated surfaces that are typically found on personal items.
The Bee Hemolymph Metabolome: A Window into the Impact of Viruses on Bumble Bees
Authors: Wang Luoluo , Van Meulebroek Lieven , Vanhaecke Lynn , Smagghe Guy , Meeus Ivan
Published: April 2021

State-of-the-art virus detection technology has advanced a lot, yet technology to evaluate the impacts of viruses on bee physiology and health is basically lacking. However, such technology is sorely needed to understand how multi-host viruses can impact the composition of the bee community. Here, we evaluated the potential of hemolymph metabolites as biomarkers to identify the viral infection status in bees. A metabolomics strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was implemented. First, we constructed a predictive model for standardized bumble bees, in which non-infected bees were metabolically differentiated from an overt Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection (R2Y = 0.993; Q2 = 0.906), as well as a covert slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV) infection (R2Y = 0.999; Q2 = 0.875). Second, two sets of potential biomarkers were identified, being descriptors for the metabolomic changes in the bee’s hemolymph following viral infection. Third, the biomarker sets were evaluated in a new dataset only containing wild bees and successfully discriminated virus infection versus non-virus infection with an AUC of 0.985. We concluded that screening hemolymph metabolite markers can underpin physiological changes linked to virus infection dynamics, opening promising avenues to identify, monitor, and predict the effects of virus infection in a bee community within a specific environment.
Nosocomial Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a “Non-COVID-19” Hospital Ward: Virus Genome Sequencing as a Key Tool to Understand Cryptic Transmission
Authors: Borges Vítor , Isidro Joana , Macedo Filipe , Neves José , Silva Luís , Paiva Mário , Barata José , Catarino Judite , Ciobanu Liliana , Duarte Sílvia , Vieira Luís , Guiomar Raquel , Gomes João Paulo
Published: April 2021

Dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare institutions affects both patients and health-care workers (HCW), as well as the institutional capacity to provide essential health services. Here, we investigated an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a “non-COVID-19” hospital ward unveiled by massive testing, which challenged the reconstruction of transmission chains. The contacts network during the 15-day period before the screening was investigated, and positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples were subjected to virus genome sequencing. Of the 245 tested individuals, 48 (21 patients and 27 HCWs) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. HCWs were mostly asymptomatic, but the mortality among patients reached 57.1% (12/21). Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that all cases were part of the same transmission chain. By combining contact tracing and genomic data, including analysis of emerging minor variants, we unveiled a scenario of silent SARS-CoV-2 dissemination, mostly driven by the close contact within the HCWs group and between HCWs and patients. This investigation triggered enhanced prevention and control measures, leading to more timely detection and containment of novel outbreaks. This study shows the benefit of combining genomic and epidemiological data for disclosing complex nosocomial outbreaks, and provides valuable data to prevent transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare facilities.
Interferon-Based Biopharmaceuticals: Overview on the Production, Purification, and Formulation
Authors: Castro Leonor S. , Lobo Guilherme S. , Pereira Patrícia , Freire Mara G. , Neves Márcia C. , Pedro Augusto Q.
Published: April 2021

The advent of biopharmaceuticals in modern medicine brought enormous benefits to the treatment of numerous human diseases and improved the well-being of many people worldwide. First introduced in the market in the early 1980s, the number of approved biopharmaceutical products has been steadily increasing, with therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and their derivatives accounting for most of the generated revenues. The success of pharmaceutical biotechnology is closely linked with remarkable developments in DNA recombinant technology, which has enabled the production of proteins with high specificity. Among promising biopharmaceuticals are interferons, first described by Isaacs and Lindenmann in 1957 and approved for clinical use in humans nearly thirty years later. Interferons are secreted autocrine and paracrine proteins, which by regulating several biochemical pathways have a spectrum of clinical effectiveness against viral infections, malignant diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Given their relevance and sustained market share, this review provides an overview on the evolution of interferon manufacture, comprising their production, purification, and formulation stages. Remarkable developments achieved in the last decades are herein discussed in three main sections: (i) an upstream stage, including genetically engineered genes, vectors, and hosts, and optimization of culture conditions (culture media, induction temperature, type and concentration of inducer, induction regimens, and scale); (ii) a downstream stage, focusing on single- and multiple-step chromatography, and emerging alternatives (e.g., aqueous two-phase systems); and (iii) formulation and delivery, providing an overview of improved bioactivities and extended half-lives and targeted delivery to the site of action. This review ends with an outlook and foreseeable prospects for underdeveloped aspects of biopharma research involving human interferons.
Awareness, Attitudes and Clinical Practices Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among General Practitioners and Pediatricians in Switzerland
Authors: Jäger Levy , Senn Oliver , Rosemann Thomas , Plate Andreas
Published: April 2021

In Switzerland, the human papillomavirus vaccination (HPVv) coverage rate lies below a desirable threshold. General practitioners (GPs) and pediatricians have been recognized as important providers of the HPVv, but there is little known about their self-attributed role and its relationship with their actual HPVv behavior. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the awareness, attitudes, and clinical practices of Swiss GPs and pediatricians concerning HPVv by means of a web-based questionnaire. We analyzed the responses of 422 physicians (72% GPs, 28% pediatricians). A substantial proportion of respondents considered the HPVv “absolutely essential” (54.2% of pediatricians, 30.6% of GPs). GPs indicated spending more time and effort on HPVv counseling for female rather than male patients more often compared to pediatricians (44.0% versus 13.9%, p < 0.001). The weekly number of patients aged 18–26 years seen in practice (p = 0.002) and whether the HPVv was deemed “absolutely essential” (adjusted odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.12–5.08) were factors associated with GPs administering HPVv in their practice. Shortcomings in terms of awareness, effort in the identification of potential vaccination candidates, and the role of male patients were revealed. By addressing these gaps, Swiss primary care providers could contribute to an increase in the national HPVv coverage rate.
The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments
Authors: Bell Rachael Lynda , Turkington Hannah Louise , Cosby Sara Louise
Published: April 2021

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of cattle which presents as bacterial and viral pneumonia. The causative agents of BRDC work in synergy to suppress the host immune response and increase the colonisation of the lower respiratory tracts by pathogenic bacteria. Environmental stress and/or viral infection predispose cattle to secondary bacterial infections via suppression of key innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. This allows bacteria to descend the respiratory tract unchallenged. BRDC is the costliest disease among feedlot cattle, and whilst vaccines exist for individual pathogens, there is still a lack of evidence for the efficacy of these vaccines and uncertainty surrounding the optimum timing of delivery. This review outlines the immunosuppressive actions of the individual pathogens involved in BRDC and highlights the key issues in the development of vaccinations against them.
Vaccine Hesitancy: COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccine Willingness among Parents in Wuxi, China—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xiu Shixin , Zhao Shuangyu , Wang Jianli , Han Ying , Dong Shuheng , Huang Jinxin , Cui Tingting , Yang Liuqing , Shi Naiyang , Liu Minqi , Han Yue , Wang Xuwen , Shen Yuan , Chen Enpin , Lu Bing , Jin Hui , Lin Leesa
Published: April 2021

Objectives: We aimed to (1) assess parental hesitancy about category A (Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)) and B (non-EPI) vaccines, (2) assess parental willingness for COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, and (3) explore the association of vaccination hesitancy of parents and healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: The study was performed in Wuxi, eastern China between 21 September 2020 and 17 October 2020. Parents of children aged <18 years and HCWs were recruited from the selected immunization clinics. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed using the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) vaccine hesitancy survey (VHS) by summing the total score for 10 items (maximum 50 points). Results: A total of 3009 parents and 86 HCWs were included in the analysis. The category A VHS scores were significantly higher than the category B VHS scores (p = 0.000). Overall, 59.3% and 52.4% of parents reported willingness to avail COVID-19 and influenza vaccination for their children, respectively; 51.2% of the HCWs wanted to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Parental category B VHS scores were associated with HCW category B VHS scores (r = 0.928, p = 0.008). Conclusions: In China, parents are more hesitant about category B vaccines than category A vaccines. More than 40% of parents showed hesitancy and a refusal to use COVID-19 and influenza vaccines.
Impact of Dataset Size on the Signature-Based Calibration of a Hydrological Model
Authors: Mohammed Safa A. , Solomatine Dimitri P. , Hrachowitz Markus , Hamouda Mohamed A.
Published: April 2021

Many calibrated hydrological models are inconsistent with the behavioral functions of catchments and do not fully represent the catchments’ underlying processes despite their seemingly adequate performance, if measured by traditional statistical error metrics. Using such metrics for calibration is hindered if only short-term data are available. This study investigated the influence of varying lengths of streamflow observation records on model calibration and evaluated the usefulness of a signature-based calibration approach in conceptual rainfall-runoff model calibration. Scenarios of continuous short-period observations were used to emulate poorly gauged catchments. Two approaches were employed to calibrate the HBV model for the Brue catchment in the UK. The first approach used single-objective optimization to maximize Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) as a goodness-of-fit measure. The second approach involved multiobjective optimization based on maximizing the scores of 11 signature indices, as well as maximizing NSE. In addition, a diagnostic model evaluation approach was used to evaluate both model performance and behavioral consistency. The results showed that the HBV model was successfully calibrated using short-term datasets with a lower limit of approximately four months of data (10% FRD model). One formulation of the multiobjective signature-based optimization approach yielded the highest performance and hydrological consistency among all parameterization algorithms. The diagnostic model evaluation enabled the selection of consistent models reflecting catchment behavior and allowed an accurate detection of deficiencies in other models. It can be argued that signature-based calibration can be employed for building adequate models even in data-poor situations.
Experimental Analysis of Scour Features at Chevrons in Straight Channel
Authors: Roy Deep , Pagliara Simone , Palermo Michele
Published: April 2021

Eco-friendly river restoration structures are used to create localized scour pools which serve as fish nurseries and promote biodiversity. In this category, chevrons are relatively new structures designed to maintain navigability in rivers. The scour hole formed in the wake region of chevrons can either act as a disposal site for dredged material or as a resting spot for different fish species. However, only few studies are present in the literature dealing with the scour mechanism due to chevrons. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the scour features at equilibrium, under different hydraulic conditions and transversal locations in a straight channel. Tests were conducted with both isolated and multiple chevrons in series arrangement. Scour morphology types were classified and their fields of existence were established as well. A detailed dimensional analysis was conducted, allowing us to identify the main parameters governing the scour phenomenon and derive a novel equivalent densimetric Froude number. Finally, empirical equations were developed to predict the maximum scour depth and length as well as the maximum dune height.
Urban Rainwater and Flood Management
Authors: Zeleňáková Martina
Published: April 2021

In recent decades, a wide range of approaches have been developed to mitigate hydrological impacts as well as the influence on water quality due to urbanization [...]
Combined Effects of Summer Water Temperature and Current Velocity on the Distribution of a Cold-Water-Adapted Sculpin (Cottus nozawae)
Authors: Suzuki Kaiji , Ishiyama Nobuo , Koizumi Itsuro , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: April 2021

Clarifying the combined effects of water temperature and other environmental factors on the species distributions of cold-water fishes is the first step toward obtaining a better understanding of the complex impacts of climate warming on these species. In the present study, we examined the abundance and occurrence of the fluvial sculpin, Cottus nozawae, in response to water temperature along environmental gradients in northern Japan. The abundance survey was conducted in the Sorachi River catchment with two-pass electrofishing with a backpack electrofisher. For the occurrence survey, we carried out one-pass electrofishing in the Sorachi, Chitose, and Tokachi River catchments. Fish sampling was conducted once from July to August 2018 in the Sorachi River catchment, from May to June 2011 in the Chitose River catchment, and from July to September 2012 in the Tokachi River catchment. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used for the abundance and occurrence analyses, respectively. We found that the mean summer water temperature was the most influential factor on the distribution of C. nozawae; the abundance and occurrence were both negatively affected by increased water temperatures. In the occurrence model, occurrence probabilities of 0.9 and 0.5 for C. nozawae corresponded to mean summer temperatures of 12.0 and 16.1 °C, respectively. Furthermore, we identified a combined effect of water temperature and current velocity on the abundance of C. nozawae. The increased mean summer water temperature had a stronger negative effect on C. nozawae abundance under gentle flow conditions. While the precise mechanisms of this combined effect could not be determined in this study, stressors associated with low current velocities may increase their vulnerability to higher water temperatures. Our findings indicate that flow disturbances caused by human activities such as excessive water abstraction may exacerbate the negative impacts of climate warming on populations of C. nozawae in the future.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Liquid Cooled Copper Plate with Oblique Fins for Electric Vehicles Battery Thermal Management
Authors: Aldosry Abdullh Mansur , Zulkifli Rozli , Wan Ghopa Wan Aizon
Published: April 2021

As the automotive industry progresses, electric vehicles (EV) grow with increasing demand throughout the world. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery and lithium-ion (Li-ion) are widely used in EV due to their advantages such as impressive energy density, good power density, and low self-discharge. However, the batteries must be operated within their optimum range for safety and good thermal management to enable a longer lifespan, lower costs, and improve safety for EV batteries. The need for a liquid cold plate (LCP) to be used in EV batteries is now highly reliable on the distribution of the required temperature rather than only standard cooling systems. The fins arrangement in the LCP would likewise impact the cooling efficiency of the EV battery. The main objective of this paper is to determine the heat transfer enhancement of liquid cold plate systems with the oblique fin and different types of liquid coolants. In the experimental test, two liquid types are used namely G13 ethylene glycol and distilled water in five steps, 10% ethylene glycol, 100% distilled water, 75% ethylene glycol + 25% distilled water, 50% ethylene glycol + 50% distilled water, and 25% ethylene glycol + 75% distilled water. Three different flow rates have been utilized which are 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 GPM to maximize the productivity of flowing fluid and heat transferring with the gate door valve. The LCP encompasses the inline configuration of the oblique fin, which is able to enhance the heat transfer rate from the heater to the liquid cold plate. A GPM of 0.7 reached the least surface temperature for the battery in the three different flow levels. The LCP is capable of sustaining the ambient surface temperatures of the batteries just under the permissible 50 °C operating temperature, which indicates that the developed LCP with the oblique fin may perhaps become an effective option for the thermal control of EV batteries.
Representaciones Acerca Del Desarrollo En Tierra Del Fuego
Authors: Hermida Mariano
Published: April 2021

O artigo se origina no contexto de uma pesquisa sobre o sistema de informação para monitorar o desenvolvimento sustentável na Terra do Fogo. A revisão da literatura acerca do desenvolvimento, tema sempre presente no discurso político, serve de base para examinar as representações que os atores estatais fazem desse conceito e sua associação com a ideia de sustentabilidade, bem como da utilidade da estatística para o desenho de políticas públicas.
lugar dos povos indígenas na política global contemporânea
Authors: Urt João Nackle
Published: April 2021

Busco compreender de que maneira três aspectos fundamentais da conjuntura atual – globalização, hegemonia da democracia liberal e crise climática – incidem de forma benéfica e/ou prejudicial sobre os povos indígenas e sua capacidade de atores políticos não-estatais na arena mundial.
Educação e direitos humanos para mulheres muçulmanas
Authors: Lacerda Allana de Freitas , Lustosa Francisca Geny
Published: April 2021

O artigo discute o  direito à educação das mulheres de comunidades islâmicas e sua expressão de universalidade, no âmbito dos direitos humanos. As informações são fruto de uma investigação qualitativa (bibliográfica, documental e de campo), no ano de 2017. Os resultados evidenciam a presença de fatores econômicospolíticos- culturais-religiosos como impedidores e/ou favorecedores do usufruto do direito educacional, além de circunstâncias de guerra/ territórios em perigo, condição sócioeconômica e/ou regras sociais/religiosas ainda arraigadas.
Estado e autonomias indígenas na nova constituição da Bolívia
Authors: Nóbrega Luciana Nogueira
Published: April 2021

A Bolívia passou por um longo processo de insatisfação popular com os modelos políticos apresentados à América Latina, afundando em crises e em governos ditatoriais, o que deixou abertas as portas ao neoliberalismo a partir dos anos de 1980. Fazendo frente a essa realidade, surgiu o Movimento ao Socialismo (MAS) que, congregando os interesses dos grupos explorados da sociedade boliviana, propunha outro modelo de sociabilidades fundado em concepções indígenas. Após a eleição do indígena Evo Morales à Presidência da Bolívia em 2005, foi aprovado, por referendo popular, em 2009, a Nova Constituição do país. De acordo com a definição constitucional, a Bolívia é um Estado Unitário Social de Direito Plurinacional Comunitário, que reconhece a autonomia dos territórios indígenas. Efetivando essa idéia, em 20 de setembro de 2015, foi aprovado, por referendo popular, o primeiro território autônomo Guarani de Charagua Iyambae, tendo as autoridades escolhidas por processo próprio tomado posse em 08 de janeiro de 2017. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa buscou analisar a experiência boliviana a partir das teorias descoloniais, dando relevo ao contraponto entre as ideias de Estado, entendido em sua acepção moderna-ocidental, e de autonomias indígenas. No caso da Bolívia, a implementação de um novo modelo de Estado que reconhece as autonomias indígenas tem implicado na necessidade de redefinir e reconfigurar o próprio conceito de Estado moderno e ocidental, ainda fundado na idéia de um só povo, um só território e uma só nação. A adoção desse novo conceito, entretanto, tem igualmente implicado em uma limitação da idéia de autonomia indígena, a qual deve estar circunscrita a um espaço territorial e simbólico definido e delimitado pelo direito estatal.
Ideas sobre la nación entre trabajadores del petróleo
Authors: Vernik Esteban , Loza Jorgelina
Published: April 2021

Aunque los estudios sobre la nación de finales del siglo XX se concentraron en afirmar su artificialidad, autores como Benedict Anderson mostraron que la nación era una construcción histórica, internamente heterogénea, que generaba profundos apegos en los sujetos. Partimos de ese enfoque para explorar ideas sobre la nación en un conjunto de trabajadores de la Patagonia argentina. Presentaremos nuestro marco teórico, luego la estrategia metodológica implementada y, finalmente, resultados preliminares.
crise dos refugiados e a dignidade da pessoa humana
Authors: Kasprzak Andreza Proença , Monteiro Renan Cajazeiras
Published: April 2021

O mundo vive sua maior crise de refugiados desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com o aumento incessante de conflitos e perseguições que ameaçam e violam os direitos humanos, em países localizados no Oriente Médio e na África, milhões de pessoas são forçadas a deslocar-se a procura de asilo em outros territórios. A complexa realidade dos refugiados atinge ordens econômicas, políticas e sociais no cenário internacional, colocando em causa a segurança do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. O presente artigo busca analisar a questão dos refugiados, identificando o tratamento dado a estes pela comunidade internacional, com o intuito de verificar se é observada a proteção à dignidade humana. Na metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, uma vez que analisou-se fatos e dados objetivos. Inicialmente conceitua-se o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, discorrendo acerca de sua importância, posteriormente apresenta-se os aspectos do instituto do refúgio, e por fim, analisa-se a atual crise dos refugiados, desenvolvendo acerca das medidas adotadas internacionalmente. Assim, busca-se analisar se o tratamento aplicado aos refugiados é pertinente na efetiva preservação do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana.
Indigenous response to state colonization in southern Chile
Authors: Toro Oscar Salvador
Published: April 2021

The invasion of indigenous territories by national states in the 19th century produced a forced social and physical re-accommodation of Pehuenche groups, inhabitants of the southern Andes. In a context of cultural homogenisation policies and justifying the territorial appropriation, the 19th century written sources shaped a stereotyped image of Pehuenche. I go beyond the stereotypes by comparing historical and ethnographic information, recognising how Pehuenche responded to and shaped changes
Universal negativo à diversidade?
Authors: Vituri Berbert Loren Marie
Published: April 2021

O artigo, de caráter exploratório, apresenta a hipótese de que a crise ecológica é um problema que parece estar além das possibilidades e soluções anunciadas dentro do paradigma científico-econômico hegemônico. Nesse sentido o “problema ambiental” apresenta-se como um lugar privilegiado para a abertura a racionalidades plurais, não vinculadas ao modelo de racionalidade hegemônica dentro do campo acadêmico ocidental moderno.
Movimento social africano de Fidjus Dibideras de Guiné-Bissau em espaços universitários
Authors: Dumas Teixeira Ricardino Jacinto , Baticam Sandra Tricia
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta distintas produções artístico-culturais de fidjus dibideras, na Guiné-Bissau e em suas

diásporas, como expressão de um movimento social africano em espaços universitários. A análise foi elaborada em três momentos: no primeiro, discute-se a emergência da noção de bidera, anterior à colonização portuguesa; no segundo, apresentam-se as transformações que ocorreram na Guiné-Bissau, conectadas transnacionalmente; e, por fim, formula-se o conceito de fidjus dibideras, que suscita um novo olhar analítico no estudo de produções culturais dos seus agentes.
Mulheres camponesas do Cerrado
Authors: De Souza Maria Aparecida , Barros Flávio Bezerra
Published: April 2021

O Cerrado brasileiro é um dos palcos das resistências e territorialidades camponesas na luta pela permanência na terra. O estudo objetivou investigar o protagonismo das mulheres camponesas do Cerrado no município de Três Lagoas-MS, utilizando-se da pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas orais e observação direta. As territorialidades e legado na proteção dos modos de vida e as relações socioambientais cerradeiras são reveladas no cotidiano das camponesas.
Violência, Nacionalismo e secessão
Authors: Malesevic Sinisa
Published: April 2021

Quando e por que o secessionismo etno-nacional se torna violento? As abordagens de ordem cultural, econômica e política são insuficientes para responder a esta pergunta. Este artigo prioriza o quadro geopolítico e a ideologia como variáveis centrais para explicar o caráter flexível do secessionismo etno-nacionalista. A abordagem é ilustrada empiricamente com uma análise histórica do caso sérvio na Bósnia-Herzegovina.
desenvolvimento da China e suas consequências globais
Authors: Ding Xiaoqin
Published: April 2021

O desenvolvimento econômico e social da China vem merecendo atenção mundial. Apesar da recente crise, a economia chinesa permanece forte e se tornou omotor da recuperação global. Com esse artigo, analiso a influência e a participação chinesa nos mercados africanos e latino-americanos.
China e Brasil na África Subsaariana e a retomada da questão nacional
Authors: Pautasso Diego
Published: April 2021

O objetivo o presente trabalho é analisar as relações de China e Brasil com a África Subsaariana. Não se trata, entretanto, de focar na evolução do relacionamento em si, mas de como este novo eixo de interação tem retomado a questão nacional. O argumento central é que os países emergentes, ao promover a soberania e o desenvolvimento no continente africano, têm tido uma atuação que não se adequa ao conceito de (sub)imperialismo. Em outras palavras, o relacionamento Sul-Sul e a retomada da questão nacional têm sido justamente a alternativa aos países periféricos diante do quadro de forças surgido no Pós-Guerra Fria.
Medication-related harm in New Zealand general practice: a retrospective records review
Authors: Leitch Sharon , Dovey Susan M , Cunningham Wayne K , Smith Alesha J , Zeng Jiaxu , Reith David M , Wallis Katharine A , Eggleton Kyle S , McMenamin Andrew W , Williamson Martyn I , Lillis Steven
Published: April 2021

Background

The extent of medication-related harm in general practice is unknown.

Aim

To identify and describe all medication-related harm in electronic general practice records. The secondary aim was to investigate factors potentially associated with medication-related harm.

Design and setting

Retrospective cohort records review study in 44 randomly selected New Zealand general practices for the 3 years 2011–2013.

Method

Eight GPs reviewed 9076 randomly selected patient records. Medication-related harms were identified when the causal agent was prescribed in general practice. Harms were coded by type, preventability, and severity. The number and proportion of patients who experienced medication-related harm was calculated. Weighted logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with harm.

Results

In total, 976 of 9076 patients (10.8%) experienced 1762 medication-related harms over 3 years. After weighting, the incidence rate of all medication-related harms was 73.9 harms per 1000 patient–years, and the incidence of preventable, or potentially preventable, medication-related harms was 15.6 per 1000 patient–years. Most harms were minor (n = 1385/1762, 78.6%), but around one in five harms were moderate or severe (n = 373/1762, 21.2%); three patients died. Eighteen study patients were hospitalised; after weighting this correlates to a hospitalisation rate of 1.1 per 1000 patient–years. Increased age, number of consultations, and number of medications were associated with increased risk of medication-related harm. Cardiovascular medications, antineoplastic and immunomodulatory agents, and anticoagulants caused most harm by frequency and severity.

Conclusion

Medication-related harm in general practice is common. This study adds to the evidence about the risk posed by medication in the real world. Findings can be used to inform decision making in general practice.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Untuk Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Mustikajaya VII Bekasi
Authors: Wicaksono Mochamad Fajar , Hidayat Hidayat , Nurhayati Sri , Lubis Riani , Rahmatya Myrna Dwi
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan para guru di SDN Mustika Jaya VII terkait pembelajaran daring. Pembelajaran online ini harus dilakukan mengingat kebijakan pembatasan sosial berskala  besar akbiat adanya pandemi   COVID-19.  Metode yang dilakukan pada pengabdian ini berupa workshop online yang dilakukan melalui aplikasi zoom. Pada kegiatan ini dipaparkan materi terkait Google Classroom, Google Calendar dan Google Form. Dalam kegiatan ini diberikan beberapa tugas untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berupa  pre-test, tugas terkait setiap materi dan post-test. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan guru terkait penggunaan teknologi informasi khususnya Google Classroom, Google Calendar dan Google Form untuk pembelajaran secara daring.
FAMILY INSTITUTE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION AND REPRODUCTION OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Authors: Vyalykh N. A.
Published: April 2021

The article reveals methodological guidelines of the scientific study of family relations as a space for the formation and reproduction of social inequality in society. It is proved that the family, despite the nominal transparency of social mobility channels in societies with an open system of social stratification, continues to have a decisive influence on the distribution of status positions. The limitation of the modern concepts of family institute’ role in social differentiation is connected with the reduction of social  inequality to objective factors, although it should rather be about the result of influence of the social situation or individual traits, social values, attitudes and cultural predispositions. It is shown that there is a methodological turn from quantitative sociological assessments of socio-economic and educational differences to qualitative interpretive practices in familistic studies that allow revealing the deep socio-cultural factors of inequality. The author comes to conclusion about the methodological pluralism in family sociology as a potential source of ambivalence of the state family policy on eliminate excessive social inequality.
Photoprotection and Vitamin D: A Concise Systematic Review
Authors: Duarte Valente Cátia Irene , Silva dos Reis Elaine Cristina , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José , Ribas Filho Durval
Published: April 2021

One of the main factors for the increase in the incidence of skin cancer in Brazil today is exposure to solar radiation. The main means of prevention is through photoprotection, together with factors such as solar incidence in the region, the habits of the population, and the skin phototype. The relationship between photoprotection and vitamin D is fundamental for patient orientation since photoprotection is a practice widely used today for all people, both those who have already suffered some type of skin cancer and others who are at greater risk or not. to develop it. On the other hand, some studies suggest that the photoprotection of the skin would jeopardize the development of Vitamin D, which may cause its deficiency, and may subject patients to future changes in bone mineralization, increasing the risk of bone deformities and fractures since the vitamin D is essential for bone tissue and its production is stimulated by skin exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), with natural sources limited through the diet. The discussion about the relationship between photoprotection and vitamin D is essential to establish the right conditions for each patient.
Main Approaches to the Use of Biomaterials in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Brief Systematic Review
Authors: Magalhães Henrique Esteves , Lima Borelli Bovo Priscilla Janaína de , Neves Luciano Rodrigues , Batista Santos Marcelo Henrique , Araújo Vian Rogério Luiz de , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José , Kassis Elias Naim
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In recent years, procedures with the use of dental implants have increased worldwide, reaching approximately one million dental implants per year. In recent years, a platelet concentrate called FRP (fibrin-rich plasma) has been the subject of clinical studies. Associated with this, the biomaterial Bio-Oss® (Geistlich), as it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and has low immunogenicity, and bio stimulators can act in the regeneration of bone tissue, as it establishes with the cells the appropriate biological niche (favorable microenvironment) for bone growth. Objective: Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate, through a brief systematic review, the results that involve bone formation for dental implantation, with the use of biomaterials such as fibrin-rich plasma and Bio-Oss®. Methods: The model used for the review was PRISMA. Was used databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar, PubMed. Results: Fibrin-rich plasma (FRP) as an autologous biomaterial for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery presents most leukocytes, platelets, and growth factors, forming a fibrin matrix, with three-dimensional architecture. The Bio-Oss® biomaterial (Geistlich), as it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and has low immunogenicity and bio stimulators can act in the regeneration of bone tissue, since it establishes with the adenomatous mesenchymal stem cells the appropriate biological niche for bone growth and, thus, allowing the dental implant to be as effective as possible. Conclusion: The use of FRP associated with Bio-Oss® seems to illustrate high success rates with minimal costs, which may reduce the amount of bone graft needed to fill the sinus cavity, reducing the costs of the procedure.
Petrological, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characterization of Anka (Zamfara State) Manganese Ore
Authors: Y.E Gbadamosi , O.O Alabi , O.O Ola-Omole , Y.V Adetula
Published: April 2021

Manganese deposit reserves exist in Nigeria, which have potentials as raw materials for industrial applications such as batteries, steel and electrical appliances. The present level of exploitation of Manganese is very low and, in most cases, appropriate processing would be necessary to attain desirable qualities. This paper provides petrological, chemical and mineralogical characterization of manganese ore in Anka area of Zamfara state, Nigeria. A chip of about 1/8 of an inch and about 1 inch by 1 inch was cut from the lumps of Anka (Zamfara state) manganese sample using rock cutter, after which their surfaces were trimmed and the chip was mounted on a grinding machine to make the surface smooth. The samples were mounted on a slide and viewed using Leica Petrological Microscope. 500 g of the ore was weighed using digital weighing balance. The sample was crushed and ground until 80% passing of 250µm is achieved. The ground ore was blended homogenously before the analysis while for the ore microscopy study, true fraction representative of the manganese ore samples were prepared, polished mounts and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope-energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX). However, X-ray Fluorescence was used to determine the chemical composition while identification of the associate mineral phase was done using X-ray Diffraction. From the petrological analysis carried out on the crude samples reveals the presence of heavy mineral and segregation distribution of the mineral. The XRF results shows 77.81% MnO, 60.26% Mn, 10.9% Fe2O3, 4% Al2O3 while Spessartine (3MnO.Al2O3, 0.830), Silicon oxide (SiO2, 1.122), Quartz (SiO4, 0.728), Pyrolusite (MnO, 1.543), and Almandine (Fe3Al2SiO12, 1.583) were identified as the major phases in the ore.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SMART INFOBOARD PC COMPONENTS AS AUGMENTED REALITY TEACHING AIDE FOR COMPUTER SYSTEM INTRODUCTORY COURSES ON POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS’ LEARNING
Authors: Sabtu Melati , Yusoff Nor Aznira
Published: April 2021

The concept of AR has been expanded in innovative education that has the potential to turn ordinary classes into exciting experiences as there is a variety of software and hardware that can be acquired and used to produce AR applications. Computer System Introduction Course is a course offered at the Department of Information and Communication Technology, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Polytechnic (PSMZA), Dungun Terengganu aims to introduce students to the basic concepts of computers, hardware, and software installation. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of students' perceptions of the use of SIPC as a teaching aid and to identify the level of effectiveness of the use of SIPC as a teaching aid in the Computer System Introduction Course. A total of 36 students were involved as respondents. Questionnaire forms were used as research instruments. The quantitative analysis method is used to describe the mean score using SPSS version 26.0. The results show that the level of students' perception of the use of SIPC as a teaching aid is at the level of high mean score range of 4.51 and the level of effectiveness of the use of SIPC as a teaching aid is also at the level of high mean score range of 4.51. Overall, the results of the study found that the level of effectiveness of SIPC innovation as augmented reality teaching aid technology for the Computer System Introduction Course among PSMZA students is at a high level. This indicates that all the items studied support that SIPC as a teaching aid is very effective.
STUDENTS READINESS FOR ONLINE LEARNING: CASE STUDY ON COMMERCE DEPARTMENT’S STUDENTS POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK
Authors: Mastor Hartyni , Salleh Hasimah , Ibrahim Khatijah
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the country's education system. Regardless of the administrator and the teaching staff, the students are also affected by this situation. The Ministry of Higher Education has decided that the Online Teaching and Learning method (Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Dalam Talian, PdPDT) will be implemented at the Polytechnic level, especially for the June 2020 session. The main purpose of this study is to identify the level of readiness and motivation of students of the Commerce Department Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak on the implementation of PdPDT. The study also examined the relationship between motivation and the level of readiness of students to follow online learning. Quantitative data is collected through a questionnaire distributed online to all active students of the Commerce Department who will attend lectures in the June 2020 session (excluding students who are undergoing Industrial Training and semester 1 students intake June 2020). A pilot study conducted found that the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.970 and it showed a high level of reliability for the items tested. The scope of this study leads to the level of readiness and level of motivation of students only. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Overall, the level of readiness (mean score: 3.40) and level of motivation (mean score: 3.32) of students of the Commerce Department on the implementation of online learning is at a moderate level. Respondents responded positively to PdPDT in assisting the new normal teaching and learning process.