bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Probing the Reproductive Tract During Early Pregnancy on Fertility of Beef Cows
Authors: Pugliesi G , Scolari SC , Mesquita FS , Maturana Filho M , Araújo ER , Cardoso D , Sales JN , Martin I , Sá Filho M , Bertan CM , Binelli M
Published: June 2014

Contents

This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.
Empathy in intimate relationships: The role of positive illusions
Authors: Dijkstra Pieternel , Barelds Dick P.H. , Groothof Hinke A.K. , van Bruggen Marnix
Published: June 2014

Previous studies have shown empathy to be an important aspect of a high quality intimate relationship. Likewise, positive illusions about a partner's characteristics have been shown to contribute to relationship quality. The present study connects these issues by examining the degree to which individuals hold positive illusions about a partner's level of empathy, and the extent to which these positive illusions are related to relationship quality and adjustment in a sample of 55 couples. Results showed that positive illusions concerning a partner's level of empathy were only held by women. In addition, people's evaluation of relationship quality and adjustment was consistently related to both their own and their partner's positive empathy illusions. Finally, an interaction effect was found between participant sex and the partner effect of positive empathy illusions: the illusions held by the partner (only for men) were related to relationship quality. Results and implications for theory and relationship counseling are discussed.
The ARID‐HMG DNA‐binding protein AtHMGB15 is required for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xia Chuan , Wang Yu‐Jiao , Liang Yan , Niu Qian‐Kun , Tan Xiao‐Yun , Chu Liang‐Cui , Chen Li‐Qun , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Ye De
Published: June 2014

In flowering plants, male gametes (sperm cells) develop within male gametophytes (pollen grains) and are delivered to female gametes for double fertilization by pollen tubes. Therefore, pollen tube growth is crucial for reproduction. The mechanisms that control pollen tube growth remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the ARID‐HMG DNA‐binding protein AtHMGB15 plays an important role in pollen tube growth. This protein is preferentially expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes and is localized in the vegetative nuclei of the tricellular pollen grains and pollen tubes. Knocking down AtHMGB15 expression via a Ds insertion caused retarded pollen tube growth, leading to a significant reduction in the seed set. The athmgb15‐1 mutation affected the expression of 1686 genes in mature pollen, including those involved in cell wall formation and modification, cell signaling and cellular transport during pollen tube growth. In addition, it was observed that AtHMGB15 binds to DNA in vitro and interacts with the transcription factors AGL66 and AGL104, which are required for pollen maturation and pollen tube growth. These results suggest that AtHMGB15 functions in pollen tube growth through the regulation of gene expression.
Functional diversification of duplicated CYC2 clade genes in regulation of inflorescence development in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae)
Authors: Juntheikki‐Palovaara Inka , Tähtiharju Sari , Lan Tianying , Broholm Suvi K. , Rijpkema Anneke S. , Ruonala Raili , Kale Liga , Albert Victor A. , Teeri Teemu H. , Elomaa Paula
Published: June 2014

The complex inflorescences (capitula) of Asteraceae consist of different types of flowers. In Gerbera hybrida (gerbera), the peripheral ray flowers are bilaterally symmetrical and lack functional stamens while the central disc flowers are more radially symmetrical and hermaphroditic. Proteins of the CYC2 subclade of the CYC/TB1‐like TCP domain transcription factors have been recruited several times independently for parallel evolution of bilaterally symmetrical flowers in various angiosperm plant lineages, and have also been shown to regulate flower‐type identity in Asteraceae. The CYC2 subclade genes in gerbera show largely overlapping gene expression patterns. At the level of single flowers, their expression domain in petals shows a spatial shift from the dorsal pattern known so far in species with bilaterally symmetrical flowers, suggesting that this change in expression may have evolved after the origin of Asteraceae. Functional analysis indicates that GhCYC2, GhCYC3 and GhCYC4 mediate positional information at the proximal–distal axis of the inflorescence, leading to differentiation of ray flowers, but that they also regulate ray flower petal growth by affecting cell proliferation until the final size and shape of the petals is reached. Moreover, our data show functional diversification for the GhCYC5 gene. Ectopic activation of GhCYC5 increases flower density in the inflorescence, suggesting that GhCYC5 may promote the flower initiation rate during expansion of the capitulum. Our data thus indicate that modification of the ancestral network of TCP factors has, through gene duplications, led to the establishment of new expression domains and to functional diversification.
Gene coexpression patterns during early development of the native Arabidopsis reproductive meristem: novel candidate developmental regulators and patterns of functional redundancy
Authors: Mantegazza Otho , Gregis Veronica , Chiara Matteo , Selva Caterina , Leo Giulia , Horner David S. , Kater Martin M.
Published: June 2014

During very early stages of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana, a series of key decisions are taken. Indeed, the position and the basic patterning of new flowers are determined in less than 4 days. Given that the scientific literature provides hard evidence for the function of only 10% of A. thaliana genes, we hypothesized that although many essential genes have already been identified, many poorly characterized genes are likely to be involved in floral patterning. In the current study, we use high‐throughput sequencing to describe the transcriptome of the native inflorescence meristem, the floral meristem and the new flower immediately after the start of organ differentiation. We provide evidence that our experimental system is reliable and less affected by experimental artefacts than a widely used floral induction system. Furthermore, we show how these data can be used to identify candidate genes for functional studies, and to generate hypotheses of functional redundancies and regulatory interactions.
Accuracy of cytology in distinguishing adrenocortical tumors from pheochromocytoma in companion animals
Authors: Bertazzolo Walter , Didier Martine , Gelain Maria Elena , Rossi Silvia , Crippa Luca , Avallone Giancarlo , Roccabianca Paola , Bonfanti Ugo , Giori Luca , Fracassi Federico
Published: June 2014

Background

The distinction between adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytoma can be challenging using clinical findings, diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests. Cytology might be a simple, minimally invasive method to reach a correct diagnosis.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of cytology in differentiating cortical from medullary tumors of the adrenal glands in dogs and cats.

Methods

Cytologic key features of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytoma were defined by one reference author. Cytologic specimens from primary adrenal tumors were submitted to 4 cytopathologists who were asked to classify the tumors based on the previously defined key features without knowledge of previous classification.

Results

Twenty specimens from histologically confirmed adrenal tumors (Group 1) and 4 specimens from adrenal tumors causing adrenal‐dependent Cushing's syndrome (Group 2) were evaluated by the 4 cytopathologists. Accuracy in differentiating cortical from medullary origin ranged from 90% to 100%, with a Kappa coefficient of agreement between cytopathologists of 0.95.

Conclusions

The origin of an adrenal tumor can be easily determined by cytology alone in many cases. However, cytology was not reliable in distinguishing benign from malignant neoplasia. Additional studies are needed to assess possible risks and complications associated with fine‐needle biopsy of adrenal tumors in dogs and cats.
A shared regulatory perspective on deferral from blood donation of men who have sex with men (MSM)
Authors: Epstein J. , Ganz P. R. , Seitz R. , Jutzi M. , Schaerer C. , Michaud G. , Agbanyo F. , Smith G. , Prosser I. , Heiden M. , Saint‐Marie I. , Oualikene‐Gonin W. , Hamaguchi I. , Yasuda N.
Published: June 2014

National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) establish deferral criteria for donors with risk factors for transfusion transmissible infections (TTI). In most jurisdictions, epidemiological data show that men who have sex with men (MSM) have a significantly higher rate of TTI than the general population. Nevertheless, changes from an indefinite donor deferral for MSM have been considered in many countries in response to concerns over a perceived discrimination and questioning of the scientific need. Changes to MSM donor deferral criteria should be based on sound scientific evidence. Safety of transfusion recipients should be the first priority, and stakeholder input should be sought.
Fermi arcs in a doped pseudospin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Krupin O. , Denlinger J. D. , Bostwick A. , Rotenberg E. , Zhao Q. , Mitchell J. F. , Allen J. W. , Kim B. J.
Published: June 2014

Identifying a cuprate look-alike

Superconductivity in cuprate compounds remains poorly understood. Recreating its features in an unrelated material may provide insight. Kim
et al.
used a spectroscopic technique to study the electronic states of the material Sr
2
IrO
4
at relatively high temperatures. They observed phenomenology similar to that of cuprates as they varied the surface carrier concentration. The study highlights the essential properties a material needs in order to exhibit cuprate-like features in the normal (nonsuperconducting) state.

Science
, this issue p.
187
Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma
Authors: Patel Anoop P. , Tirosh Itay , Trombetta John J. , Shalek Alex K. , Gillespie Shawn M. , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Cahill Daniel P. , Nahed Brian V. , Curry William T. , Martuza Robert L. , Louis David N. , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Suvà Mario L. , Regev Aviv , Bernstein Bradley E.
Published: June 2014

Cancer at single-cell resolution

Single-cell sequencing can illuminate the genetic properties of brain cancers and reveal heterogeneity within a tumor. Patel
et al.
examined the genome sequence of single cells isolated from brain glioblastomas. The findings revealed shared chromosomal changes but also extensive transcription variation, including genes related to signaling, which represent potential therapeutic targets. The authors suggest that the variation in tumor cells reflects neural development and that such variation among cancer cells may prove to have clinical significance.

Science
, this issue p.
1396
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ST42 (O:1) Strain Misidentified as Yersinia pestis by Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Gérôme Patrick , Le Flèche Philippe , Blouin Yann , Scholz Holger C. , Thibault François M. , Raynaud Françoise , Vergnaud Gilles , Pourcel Christine
Published: June 2014

We report here the draft sequence of strain CEB14_0017, alias HIAD_DUP, recovered from a human patient and initially identified as
Yersinia pestis
by mass spectrometry analysis. Genotyping based on tandem repeat polymorphism assigned the strain to
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
sequence type 42 (ST42). The total assembly length is 4,894,739 bp.
Draft Genome Sequence of Insecticidal
Streptomyces
sp. Strain PCS3-D2, Isolated from Mangrove Soil in Philippines
Authors: Bayot-Custodio Aileen N. , Alcantara Edwin P. , Zulaybar Teofila O.
Published: June 2014

A draft genome sequence of a
Streptomyces
sp. isolated from mangrove soil in Cebu, Philippines, is described here. This isolate produced compounds with contact insecticidal activity against important corn pests. The genome contains 7,479,793 bp (in 27 scaffolds), 6,297 predicted genes, and 29 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters.
Complete Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type A Circulating in Bangladesh
Authors: Ullah Huzzat , Siddique Mohammad Anwar , Sultana Munawar , Hossain M. Anwar
Published: June 2014

The complete genome sequence of a foot-and-and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A strain (BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013), isolated from Gazipur in Bangladesh, revealed an 84-nucleotide insertion within the 5′-untranslated region (UTR), a lengthened poly(C) tract, and amino acid substitutions at the VP1 region compared to the available genome sequence of the vaccine strain (GenBank accession no. HM854025).
Draft Genome Sequence of Photobacterium halotolerans S2753, Producer of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Machado Henrique , Månsson Maria , Gram Lone
Published: June 2014

We report here the whole draft genome sequence of marine isolate
Photobacterium halotolerans
S2753, which produces the known antibiotic holomycin and also ngercheumicins and solonamides A and B, which interfere with virulence of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strains by interacting with the quorum-sensing system.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Colletotrichum sublineola
, a Destructive Pathogen of Cultivated Sorghum
Authors: Baroncelli Riccardo , Sanz-Martín José María , Rech Gabriel E. , Sukno Serenella A. , Thon Michael R.
Published: June 2014

Colletotrichum sublineola
is a filamentous fungus that causes anthracnose disease on sorghum. We report a draft whole-genome shotgun sequence and gene annotation of the nuclear genome of this fungus using Illumina sequencing.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Genetic Variant Strains of
Edwardsiella piscicida
, JF1305 and RSB1309, Isolated from Olive Flounder (
Paralichythys olivaceus
) and Red Sea Bream (
Pagrus major
) Cultured in Japan, Respectively
Authors: Oguro Kazuki , Tamura Kazuki , Yamane Jin , Shimizu Masato , Yamamoto Takeshi , Ikawa Takuya , Ohnishi Kouhei , Oshima Syun-ichirou , Imajoh Masayuki
Published: June 2014

Edwardsiella piscicida
is a new species discovered within the group of organisms traditionally classified as
Edwardsiella tarda
. We present draft genome sequences of two variant strains of
E. piscicida
, JF1305 and RSB1309. Differences in protein-coding sequence between these isolates are associated with virulence, disease, and defense, suggesting differences in pathogenicity.
Genome Sequence of Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum MP-01
T
, the First Cultivated Member of
Acidobacteria
Subdivision 23, Isolated from a Hot Spring
Authors: Stamps Blake W. , Losey Nathaniel A. , Lawson Paul A. , Stevenson Bradley S.
Published: June 2014

Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum
MP-01
T
is currently the only cultivated and described member of
Acidobacteria
subdivision 23. Here, we report the genome sequence for this novel microorganism that was isolated from a hot spring.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila Strain Ae34, Isolated from a Septicemic and Moribund Koi Carp (
Cyprinus carpio koi
), a Freshwater Aquarium Fish
Authors: Jagoda S. S. S. De S. , Tan Engkong , Arulkanthan Appudurai , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Watabe Shugo , Asakawa Shuichi
Published: June 2014

Aeromonas hydrophila
is an important opportunistic pathogen that infects a variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans. We report here the draft genome sequence of
A. hydrophila
Ae34, a multidrug-resistant isolate from the kidney of a moribund koi carp (
Ciprinus carpio koi
) with signs of hemorrhagic septicemia.
Peripheral embolisation after an abdominal massage
Authors: Tak Sandeep , Tak Shubhanjali , Gupta Alok
Published: June 2014

A 65-year-old man presented with a history of acute onset pain in toes of the right foot immediately after an abdominal massage by a ‘local healer’. General physical examination and systemic examination were normal except for discolouration of the fourth and fifth toes and cold toes. Investigations including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, renal function tests, liver profile, lipid profile, antinuclear antibody, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, ECG, chest X-ray, ultrasound abdomen, cardiac echocardiography, lower limb Doppler and CT scan of the abdomen were normal. The patient was treated with regular heparin infusion, aspirin and tramadol. Recovery was complete in 5 days.
Neonatal Marfan syndrome: a successful early multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Amado Marta , Calado Maria Angelina , Ferreira Rui , Lourenço Teresa
Published: June 2014

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue which rarely manifests in the neonatal period and has an ominous prognosis. A case of a first female offspring of healthy parents is described here. The pregnancy was uneventful and the mother had a term caesarean delivery. At birth, some dysmorphic signs became apparent, such as loose redundant skin, dolichocephaly, frontal bossing, deeply sunken eyes, micrognathia, contractures of the elbows, arachnodactyly and hip dysplasia. The echocardiogram showed a mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation and a long aortic arch. The diagnosis of neonatal MFS came forward and genetic studies revealed a de novo mutation in the fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene. At 6 months, due to a progressive worsening of the cardiac pathology, she was submitted to mitral valvuloplasty. She is now 2 years and 10 months old, which is a remarkable feat for a child suffering from this condition.
Placing epidemiological results in the context of multiplicity and typical correlations of exposures
Authors: Patel Chirag J , Ioannidis John P A
Published: June 2014

Epidemiological studies evaluate multiple exposures, but the extent of multiplicity often remains non-transparent when results are reported. There is extensive debate in the literature on whether multiplicity should be adjusted for in the design, analysis, and reporting of most epidemiological studies, and, if so, how this should be done. The challenges become more acute in an era where the number of exposures that can be studied (theexposome) can be very large. Here, we argue that it can be very insightful to visualize and describe the extent of multiplicity by reporting the number of effective exposures for each category of exposures being assessed, and to describe the distribution of correlation between exposures and/or between exposures and outcomes in epidemiological datasets. The results of new proposed associations can be placed in the context of this background information. An association can be assigned to a percentile of magnitude of effect based on the distribution of effects seen in the field. We offer an example of how such information can be routinely presented in an epidemiological study/dataset using data on 530 exposure and demographic variables classified in 32 categories in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Effects that survive multiplicity considerations and that are large may be prioritized for further scrutiny.
Subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of a clinico-observational study
Authors: Prasad D S , Kabir Zubair , Devi K Revathi , Dash A K , Das B C
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a significant modifiable complication in patients with diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis is considered a surrogate marker of future vascular events. The clustering of cardiometabolic-risk factors in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is increasingly being recognised. Recent evidence indicates that 20–50% of asymptomatic patients with diabetes may have silent coronary heart disease. However, the identification of subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with diabetes has been less well-explored, especially in low-resource population settings where cost-effective non-invasive clinical tools are available. The objective of this study is to identify patients with physician-diagnosed diabetes who are at risk of developing future cardiovascular events measured as subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia in an urban population of Eastern India.

Methods and analysis

This is a cross-sectional clinico-observational study. A convenience sampling of approximately 350 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be identified at an urban diabetes center. This estimated sample size is based on an expected prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia of 25% (± 5%), we computed the required sample size using OpenEpi online software assuming an α level of 0.05 (95% CI) to be 289. On factoring 20% non-response the estimated sample size is 350. Previously validated questionnaire tools and well-defined clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements will be utilised for data collection. The two primary outcomes—subclinical atherosclerosis and silent myocardial ischaemia will be measured using carotid intima-media thickness and exercise tolerance testing, respectively. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression statistical techniques will be employed to identify ‘at risk’ patients with diabetes, and adjusted for potential confounders.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was granted by the institutional review board of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India. Data will be presented at academic fora and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Nutritional and health benefits of pulses
Authors: Mudryj Adriana N. , Yu Nancy , Aukema Harold M.
Published: June 2014

Pulses (beans, peas, and lentils) have been consumed for at least 10 000 years and are among the most extensively used foods in the world. A wide variety of pulses can be grown globally, making them important both economically as well as nutritionally. Pulses provide protein and fibre, as well as a significant source of vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, folate, and magnesium, and consuming half a cup of beans or peas per day can enhance diet quality by increasing intakes of these nutrients. In addition, the phytochemicals, saponins, and tannins found in pulses possess antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects, indicating that pulses may have significant anti-cancer effects. Pulse consumption also improves serum lipid profiles and positively affects several other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as blood pressure, platelet activity, and inflammation. Pulses are high in fibre and have a low glycemic index, making them particularly beneficial to people with diabetes by assisting in maintaining healthy blood glucose and insulin levels. Emerging research examining the effect of pulse components on HIV and consumption patterns with aging populations indicates that pulses may have further effects on health. In conclusion, including pulses in the diet is a healthy way to meet dietary recommendations and is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the direct effects of pulses on these diseases.
Progress on semi-leptonic B(s) decays
Authors: Ricciardi Giulia
Published: June 2014

We report on the current status of semi-leptonic B(s) decays, including rare decays, and the extraction of the absolute values of the CKM matrix elements |Vcb| and |Vub|.
The field descriptions for thermal-equilibrium Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe
Authors: Lan Tianbao , Wei Yihuan , Fu Yanyan , Zhang Yuezhu
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we show the simple expression for the energy density of the thermal-equilibrium Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (TEFRW) universe and study the problem how to describe it by using some field models. We analyze the properties of the quintessence field in the quintessence model, calculate the tachyon potential in the tachyon model and point out that the latter model cannot give the whole description for the TEFRW universe. It is found that the two-field model can be responsible for describing the whole evolution process of the TEFRW universe.
Mirror versus naive assignment in chiral models for the nucleon
Authors: Gallas Susanna , Giacosa Francesco
Published: June 2014

In the framework of chiral model(s) based on the linear realization of chiral symmetry, we investigate the low-energy phenomenological properties of the nucleon and its chiral partner (identified with either N(1535) or N(1650)) in the naive assignment and compare the results with the ones obtained in the mirror assignment. We find that, within the naive assignment, we are not able to reproduce the experimental value of the isospin-odd scattering length, while the mirror assignment is in good agreement with it for both choices N(1535) and N(1650). The isospin-even scattering length is not yet conclusive in either assignment because it depends crucially on the poorly known scalar mesonic sector. The decay with ΓN(1535)→Nη turns out to be far too small in both the naive and mirror assignments, while ΓN(1650)→Nη is described correctly by both of them. In conclusion, the mirror assignment with N(1650) as the chiral partner of the nucleon is the favored configuration.
Beauty and physics: 13 important contributions of Chen Ning Yang
Authors: Shi Yu
Published: June 2014

In 2012, Chen Ning Yang received a 90th birthday gift in the form of a black cube inscribed with his 13 most important contributions, which cover four major areas of physics: statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, particle physics and field theory. We briefly describe these 13 contributions and make general comments about Yang's distinctive style as a trailblazing leader in research.
How the insulator and pseudogap states coalesce beneath the superconductor dome
Authors: Martinez Alvarez Victor M. , Cabo-Bizet Alejandro , Cabo Montes de Oca Alejandro
Published: June 2014

The pseudogap effects and the expected quantum phase transitions (QPTs) in cuprate materials are yet unclear in nature. A single band tight-binding (TB) model for the CuO 2 planes of these materials had predicted the existence of definite pseudogap states at half-filling, after considering that a crystal symmetry breaking and noncollinear spin orientations of the single particle states are allowed. Here we show that after including hole doping in the model, a QPT which lies beneath the superconducting dome exists and is a second-order one. In it, an antiferromagntic-insulator (AFI) ground state, showing strong spin fluctuations at low doping, coalesce with an excited paramagnetic pseudogap (PPG) state, exhibiting a broken lattice symmetry at the critical hole density. A critical doping value xc = 0.2 resulted, which surprisingly coincided with the experimentally measured one, in spite of the fact that the model parameters were not yet optimized. Above this value the system becomes a paramagnetic metal. The band structures and Fermi surface with doping are evaluated and their evolution show a close resemblance with the experimental observations, including the topological change in structure at the critical hole density.
Change of variable formulas for regularizing slowly decaying and oscillatory Cauchy and Hilbert transforms
Authors: Olver Sheehan
Published: June 2014

Formulas are derived for expressing Cauchy and Hilbert transforms of a function f in terms of Cauchy and Hilbert transforms of f(xr). When r is an integer, this corresponds to evaluating the Cauchy transform of f(xr) at all choices of z1/r. Related formulas for rational r result in a reduction to a generalized Cauchy transform living on a Riemann surface, which in turn is reducible to the standard Cauchy transform. These formulas are used to regularize the behavior of functions that are slowly decaying or oscillatory, in order to facilitate numerical computation and extend asymptotic results.
Effects of the central metal on stretching vibrational bands of the peripheral carbonyl moieties in formylated chlorophyll derivatives studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sadaoka Kana , Saga Yoshitaka
Published: June 2014

The vibrational properties of metal complexes of monoformylated and diformylated chlorophyll derivatives were compared with those of the corresponding free-base chlorins to unravel the effects of the central metal on the carbonyl stretching vibration modes of the peripheral oxygen functional groups in the chlorin macrocycle by means of FTIR spectroscopy. The 3- C = O stretching vibrational bands of a 3-formyl group were shifted to lower wavenumbers by insertion of Zn and Cu into the center of the 3-formyl free-base chlorin. In contrast, the 7- and 8- C = O stretching vibrational bands of the formyl groups linked to the B-ring of the chlorin macrocycle were barely shifted even if 7- and 8-formyl free-base chlorins were metalated. The down-shifts of the 3- C = O and few shifts of the 7-/8- C = O vibrational stretching bands were in line with the results of DFT calculations. The difference in the effects of the central metal on the vibrational properties between the formyl group in the A-ring and those in the B-ring is ascribable to the different conjugation manners with the adjacent π-system: the 3-formyl group was connected to the chlorin 18π-system, whereas the 7-/8-formyl groups were conjugated to the rather isolated C 7– C 8 double bond. The 13- C = O stretching vibrational bands were shifted to lower wavenumbers by metalation. These down-shifts can also be rationalized by invoking the conjugation of the 13-keto group with the chlorin 18π-system.
First record of the pterosaur footprint
Pteraichnus
from the Saltwick Formation (Aalenian) of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Whyte M. A. , Romano M.
Published: June 2014

Prints belonging to
Pteraichnus
are recorded and described from the Saltwick Formation (Middle Jurassic, Aalenian Stage) at Hayburn Wyke on the Cleveland Coast of Yorkshire, England. This is the first record of
Pteraichnus
from the region and from the British Isles, and is an important addition to its diverse vertebrate ichnofauna. It is also only the second record of pterosaur footprints from the British Isles and is the oldest known occurrence of
Pteraichnus
. Significantly, it suggests that the pterodactyloid pterosaurs evolved earlier than has previously been supposed.
The Millstone Grit Group (Pennsylvanian) of the Northumberland–Solway Basin and Alston Block of northern England
Authors: Waters C. N. , Millward D. , Thomas C. W.
Published: June 2014

In the Northumberland–Solway Basin and Alston Block of northern England, some aspects of the stratigraphical and sedimentological relationships between the Millstone Grit Group, the Stainmore Formation (Namurian part of the Yoredale Group) and the Westphalian Pennine Coal Measures Group are uncertain. Also, confusion has resulted from discontinuation of Millstone Grit as a formal lithostratigraphical term north of the Stainmore Basin. This paper presents the evidence for, and describes the nature of, a Kinderscoutian (early Pennsylvanian) abrupt transition from typical ‘Yoredale cyclicity’, characterized by marine limestones in a dominantly siliciclastic succession but including marked fluvial channels, to a sandstone-dominated fluvial succession recognizable as the Millstone Grit Group. Sandbodies present in this region are probably the fluvial feeder systems to many of the fluvio-deltaic successions recorded farther south in the Central Pennine Basin. However, onset of the Millstone Grit Group occurs much earlier to the south, during the Pendleian (late Mississippian), despite the entry of fluvial systems into the Central Pennines Basin from the north. In addition to explaining this counter-intuitive relationship, the paper also recognizes continuation of the fluvial regime into the lowermost part of the Pennine Coal Measures Group.
Faulted craters as indicators for thrust motions on Mercury
Authors: Galluzzi Valentina , Di Achille Gaetano , Ferranti Luigi , Popa Ciprian , Palumbo Pasquale
Published: June 2014

Craters cross-cut by faults are used as markers to obtain fault geometric and kinematic properties. Assuming that the shape of these craters was originally circular, it is possible to measure the horizontal and vertical components of fault displacement as well as the slip trend. By applying trigonometric relations, slip plunge, displacement magnitude, fault true dip and fault rake can be derived from the observed values. An example application of this method on craters faulted by lobate scarps on Mercury shows that most of these inferred reverse faults have moderate oblique-slip trends. Moreover, the derived dips of thrusts vary over a wide range of angles. Some preliminary results in terms of fault rake compared with fault dip, strike and latitude are presented together with a pilot study to test and discriminate global tectonic models suggested for the evolution of Mercury. The possibility of estimating quantitative fault parameters through remotely sensed data provides significant assistance in the structural characterization of faults on planetary surfaces.
Gliadin intake alters the small intestinal mucosa in indomethacin-treated HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice
Authors: Mazzarella Giuseppe , Bergamo Paolo , Maurano Francesco , Luongo Diomira , Rotondi Aufiero Vera , Bozzella Giuseppina , Palmieri Gianna , Troncone Riccardo , Auricchio Salvatore , David Chella , Rossi Mauro
Published: June 2014

Celiac disease (CD) is an enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. A complete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms in CD has been hindered because of the lack of adequate in vivo models. In the present study, we explored the events after the intragastric administration of gliadin and of the albumin/globulin fraction from wheat in human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 transgenic mice (DQ8 mice) treated with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases (COXs). After 10 days of treatment, mice showed a significant reduction of villus height, increased crypt depth, increased number of lamina propria-activated macrophages, and high basal interferon-γ secretion in mesenteric lymph nodes, all of which were specifically related to gliadin intake, whereas the albumin/globulin fraction of wheat was unable to induce similar changes. Cotreatment with NS-398, a specific inhibitor of COX-2, also induced the intestinal lesion. Enteropathy onset was further characterized by high levels of oxidative stress markers, similar to CD. Biochemical assessment of the small intestine revealed the specific activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, high caspase-3 activity, and a significant increase of tissue transglutaminase protein levels associated with the intestinal lesion. Notably, after 30 days of treatment, enteropathic mice developed serum antibodies toward gliadin (IgA) and tissue transglutaminase (IgG). We concluded that gliadin intake in combination with COX inhibition caused a basal inflammatory status and an oxidative stress condition in the small intestine of DQ8 mice, thus triggering the mucosal lesion and, subsequently, an antigen-specific immunity.
Experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compromises ureagenesis, an essential hepatic metabolic function
Authors: Thomsen Karen Louise , Grønbæk Henning , Glavind Emilie , Hebbard Lionel , Jessen Niels , Clouston Andrew , George Jacob , Vilstrup Hendrik
Published: June 2014

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing in prevalence, yet its consequences for liver function are unknown. We studied ureagenesis, an essential metabolic liver function of importance for whole body nitrogen homeostasis, in a rodent model of diet-induced NASH. Rats were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 4 and 16 wk, resulting in early and advanced experimental NASH, respectively. We examined the urea cycle enzyme mRNAs in liver tissue, the hepatocyte urea cycle enzyme proteins, and the in vivo capacity of urea-nitrogen synthesis (CUNS). Early NASH decreased all of the urea cycle mRNAs to an average of 60% and the ornithine transcarbamylase protein to 10%, whereas the CUNS remained unchanged. Advanced NASH further decreased the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase protein to 63% and, in addition, decreased the CUNS by 20% [from 5.65 ± 0.23 to 4.58 ± 0.30 μmol × (min × 100 g)−1; P = 0.01]. Early NASH compromised the genes and enzyme proteins involved in ureagenesis, whereas advanced NASH resulted in a functional reduction in the capacity for ureagenesis. The pattern of urea cycle perturbations suggests a prevailing mitochondrial impairment by NASH. The decrease in CUNS has consequences for the ability of the body to adjust to changes in the requirements for nitrogen homeostasis e.g., at stressful events. NASH, thus, in terms of metabolic consequences, is not an innocuous lesion, and the manifestations of the damage seem to be a continuum with increasing disease severity.
Maximal exercise limitation in functionally overreached triathletes: role of cardiac adrenergic stimulation
Authors: Le Meur Yann , Louis Julien , Aubry Anaël , Guéneron Jacques , Pichon Aurélien , Schaal Karine , Corcuff Jean-Benoît , Hatem Stéphane N. , Isnard Richard , Hausswirth Christophe
Published: June 2014

Functional overreaching (F-OR) induced by heavy load endurance training programs has been associated with reduced heart rate values both at rest and during exercise. Because this phenomenon may reflect an impairment of cardiac response, this research was conducted to test this hypothesis. Thirty-five experienced male triathletes were tested (11 control and 24 overload subjects) before overloading (Pre), immediately after overloading (Mid), and after a 2-wk taper period (Post). Physiological responses were assessed during an incremental cycling protocol to volitional exhaustion, including catecholamines release, oxygen uptake (V̇o2), arteriovenous O2 difference, cardiac output (Q̇), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Twelve subjects of the overload group developed signs of F-OR at Mid (decreased performance with concomitant high perceived fatigue), while 12 others did not [acute fatigue group (AF)]. V̇o2max was reduced only in F-OR subjects at Mid. Lower Q̇ and SBP values with greater arteriovenous O2 difference were reported in F-OR subjects at all exercising intensities, while no significant change was observed in the control and AF groups. A concomitant decrease in epinephrine excretion was reported only in the F-OR group. All values returned to baseline at Post. Following an overload endurance training program leading to F-OR, the cardiac response to exhaustive exercise is transiently impaired, possibly due to reduced epinephrine excretion. This finding is likely to explain the complex process of underperformance syndrome experienced by F-OR endurance athletes during heavy load programs.
ASC-J9 Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression by Targeting an Androgen Receptor–Dependent HIF2α/VEGF Signaling Pathway
Authors: He Dalin , Li Lei , Zhu Guodong , Liang Liang , Guan Zhenfeng , Chang Luke , Chen Yuan , Yeh Shuyuan , Chang Chawnshang
Published: June 2014

Males have a higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) than females, but the reason for this gender difference is unknown. Addressing this question, we report the discovery of an androgen receptor (AR)–induced HIF2α/VEGF signal that drives RCC progression. AR attenuation or augmentation in RCC cells altered their proliferation, migration, and invasion in multiple models in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AR targeting inhibited RCC cell migration and invasion by modulating HIF2α/VEGF signals at the level of mRNA and protein expression. Interrupting HIF2α/VEGF signals with inhibitors of either HIF2α or VEGF was sufficient to suppress RCC progression. Similarly, the specific AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 was sufficient to suppress AR-induced HIF2α/VEGF signaling and RCC progression in multiple models in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results revealed a novel role for AR in RCC initiation and progression with implications for novel therapeutic strategies. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4420–30. ©2014 AACR.
Risk of Hospitalization for Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
Authors: Kirchhoff Anne C. , Fluchel Mark N. , Wright Jennifer , Ying Jian , Sweeney Carol , Bodson Julia , Stroup Antoinette M. , Smith Ken R. , Fraser Alison , Kinney Anita Y.
Published: June 2014

Background: Childhood cancer survivors may be at increased risk of hospitalization because of cancer-related late effects.

Methods: Using data from population-based research resources in Utah, we identified childhood and adolescent cancer survivors who were diagnosed from 1973 to 2005 (N = 2,571). We selected a comparison cohort based on birth year and sex (N = 7,713). Hospitalizations from 1996 to 2010, excluding pregnancy and delivery, were determined from discharge records. Multivariable regressions were used to evaluate hospitalization admissions, length of stay, and diagnosis for survivors starting five years from diagnosis versus the comparison cohort.

Results: When follow-up began in 1996, there were N = 1,499 survivors and N = 7,219 comparisons who were alive and eligible for follow-up. Average follow-up for survivors was 13.5 years (SD = 8.5) and for the comparison 14.0 years (SD = 8.7; P = 0.05). Survivors were hospitalized, on average, 1.62 (SD = 3.37) times contrasted to 0.79 (SD = 1.73) for the comparison cohort. In multivariable analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of any hospitalization since 1996 was higher for survivors than the comparison cohort [HR, 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31–1.66]. Survivors experienced a higher hospital admission rate [rate ratio (RR) = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.58–1.77] than the comparison cohort. The number of hospitalizations was highest for neuroblastoma (RR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.84–2.66) and bone tumors (RR = 2.55; 95% CI, 2.14–3.02) in reference to the comparison cohort. Survivors were hospitalized because of blood disorders more often (HR, 14.2; 95% CI, 6.3–32.0).

Conclusions: The risk of hospitalization and lengths of stay are elevated among childhood cancer survivors.

Impact: Research to identify strategies to prevent and manage survivors' health problems in outpatient settings is needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1280–9. ©2014 AACR.
Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Risk of TMPRSS2:ERG–Positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yoo Sun , Pettersson Andreas , Jordahl Kristina M. , Lis Rosina T. , Lindstrom Sara , Meisner Allison , Nuttall Elizabeth J. , Stack Edward C. , Stampfer Meir J. , Kraft Peter , Brown Myles , Loda Massimo , Giovannucci Edward L. , Kantoff Philip W. , Mucci Lorelei A.
Published: June 2014

Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is an essential gene in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression. Genetic variation in AR exists, including a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence that is inversely associated with transcriptional activity. Experimental data suggest that heightened AR activity facilitates formation of TMPRSS2:ERG, a gene fusion present in approximately 50% of tumors of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods: We undertook a nested case–control study to investigate the hypothesis that shorter CAG repeat length would be associated with prostate cancer risk defined by TMPRSS2:ERG status. The study included 291 men with prostate cancer (147 ERG-positive) and 1,221 cancer-free controls. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression.

Results: Median CAG repeat length (interquartile range) among controls was 22 (20–24). Men with shorter CAG repeats had an increased risk of ERG-positive (OR, 1.07 per 1 repeat decrease; 95% CI, 1.00–1.14), but not ERG-negative prostate cancer (OR, 0.99 per 1 repeat decrease; 95% CI, 0.93–1.05).

Conclusions: These data suggest that shorter CAG repeats are specifically associated with development of TMPRSS2:ERG–positive prostate cancer.

Impact: Our results provide supportive evidence that androgen signaling underlies the development of prostate tumors that harbor TMPRSS2:ERG. Moreover, these results suggest that TMPRSS2:ERG may represent a unique molecular subtype of prostate cancer with an etiology distinct from TMPRSS2:ERG–negative disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2027–31. ©2014 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: PI3K Pathway Phosphatases as Biomarkers for Cancer Prognosis and Therapy
Authors: Chen Muhan , Nowak Dawid G. , Trotman Lloyd C.
Published: June 2014

Cancer research has seen tremendous changes over the past decade. Fast progress in sequencing technology has afforded us with landmark genetic alterations, which had immediate impact on clinical science and practice by pointing to new kinase targets, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), the EGF receptor, or BRAF. The PI3K pathway for growth control has emerged as a prime example for both oncogene activation and tumor suppressor loss in cancer. Here, we discuss how therapy using PI3K pathway inhibitors could benefit from information on specific phosphatases, which naturally antagonize the kinase targets. This PI3K pathway is found mutated in most cancer types, including prostate, breast, colon, and brain tumors. The tumor-suppressing phosphatases operate at two levels. Lipid-level phosphatases, such as PTEN and INPP4B, revert PI3K activity to keep the lipid second messengers inactive. At the protein level, PHLPP1/2 protein phosphatases inactivate AKT kinase, thus antagonizing mTOR complex 2 activity. However, in contrast with their kinase counterparts the phosphatases are unlikely drug targets. They would need to be stimulated by therapy and are commonly deleted and mutated in cancer. Yet, because they occupy critical nodes in preventing cancer initiation and progression, the information on their status has tremendous potential in outcome prediction, and in matching the available kinase inhibitor repertoire with the right patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3057–63. ©2014 AACR.