bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated cell boundary and 3D nuclear segmentation of cells in suspension
Authors: Kesler Benjamin , Li Guoliang , Thiemicke Alexander , Venkat Rohit , Neuert Gregor
Published: July 2019

To characterize cell types, cellular functions and intracellular processes, an understanding of the differences between individual cells is required. Although microscopy approaches have made tremendous progress in imaging cells in different contexts, the analysis of these imaging data sets is a long-standing, unsolved problem. The few robust cell segmentation approaches that exist often rely on multiple cellular markers and complex time-consuming image analysis. Recently developed deep learning approaches can address some of these challenges, but they require tremendous amounts of data and well-curated reference data sets for algorithm training. We propose an alternative experimental and computational approach, called CellDissect, in which we first optimize specimen preparation and data acquisition prior to image processing to generate high quality images that are easier to analyze computationally. By focusing on fixed suspension and dissociated adherent cells, CellDissect relies only on widefield images to identify cell boundaries and nuclear staining to automatically segment cells in two dimensions and nuclei in three dimensions. This segmentation can be performed on a desktop computer or a computing cluster for higher throughput. We compare and evaluate the accuracy of different nuclear segmentation approaches against manual expert cell segmentation for different cell lines acquired with different imaging modalities.
A Multidrug Resistance Plasmid pIMP26, Carrying blaIMP-26, fosA5, blaDHA-1, and qnrB4 in Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Wang Su , Zhou Kaixin , Xiao Shuzhen , Xie Lianyan , Gu Feifei , Li Xinxin , Ni Yuxing , Sun Jingyong , Han Lizhong
Published: July 2019

IMP-26 was a rare IMP variant with more carbapenem-hydrolyzing activities, which was increasingly reported now in China. This study characterized a transferable multidrug resistance plasmid harboring blaIMP-26 from one Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream isolate in Shanghai and investigated the genetic environment of resistance genes. The isolate was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing using broth microdilution method, Etest and PCR. The plasmid was analyzed through conjugation experiments, S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and hybridization. Whole genome sequencing and sequence analysis was conducted for further investigation of the plasmid. E. cloacae RJ702, belonging to ST528 and carrying blaIMP-26, blaDHA-1, qnrB4 and fosA5, was resistant to almost all β-lactams, but susceptible to quinolones and tigecycline. The transconjugant inherited the multidrug resistance. The resistance genes were located on a 329,420-bp IncHI2 conjugative plasmid pIMP26 (ST1 subtype), which contained trhK/trhV, tra, parA and stbA family operon. The blaIMP-26 was arranged following intI1. The blaDHA-1 and qnrB4 cluster was the downstream of ISCR1, same as that in p505108-MDR. The fosA5 cassette was mediated by IS4. This was the first report on complete nucleotide of a blaIMP-26-carrying plasmid in E. cloacae in China. Plasmid pIMP26 hosted high phylogenetic mosaicism, transferability and plasticity.
In-situ visualization of hydrogen evolution sites on helium ion treated molybdenum dichalcogenides under reaction conditions
Authors: Mitterreiter Elmar , Liang Yunchang , Golibrzuch Matthias , McLaughlin David , Csoklich Christoph , Bartl Johannes D. , Holleitner Alexander , Wurstbauer Ursula , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: July 2019

Nanostructured 2D transition metal dichalcogenides play an increasingly important role in heterogeneous catalysis. These materials are abundant (co-)catalysts with tunable properties to catalyze a number of key reactions related to energy provision, for instance the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It is vital to understand which surface sites are active in order to maximize their number and to improve the overall (photo-)catalytic behavior of those materials. Here, we visualize these active sites under HER conditions at the surface of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2, X = Se, S) with lateral resolution on the nanometer scale by means of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy. The edges of single MoX2 flakes show high catalytic activity, whereas their terraces are inactive. We demonstrate how the inert basal planes of these materials can be activated towards the HER with the help of a focused beam of a He-ion microscope. Our findings demonstrate that the He-ion induced defects contribute at lower overpotentials to the HER, while the activity of the edges exceeds the activity of the basal defects for sufficiently high overpotentials. Given the lithographic resolution of the helium ion microscope, our results show the possibility to generate active sites in transition metal dichalcogenides with a spatial resolution below a few nanometers.
Trifluoromethyl-functionalized poly(lactic acid): a fluoropolyester designed for blood contact applications
Authors: Khalifehzadeh Razieh , Ratner Buddy D.
Published: July 2019

Fluorinated polymers are strong candidates for development of new cardiovascular medical devices, due to their lower thrombogenicity as compared to other polymers used for cardiovascular implants.
Correction: The role of polysulfide dianions and radical anions in the chemical, physical and biological sciences, including sulfur-based batteries
Authors: Steudel Ralf , Chivers Tristram
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘The role of polysulfide dianions and radical anions in the chemical, physical and biological sciences, including sulfur-based batteries’ by Ralf Steudel et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2019, 48, 3279–3319.
A step forward in solvent knitting strategies: ruthenium and gold phosphine complex polymerization results in effective heterogenized catalysts
Authors: Valverde-González Antonio , Marchal Gwendoline , Maya Eva M. , Iglesias Marta
Published: July 2019

A knitting strategy has been applied to obtain metal–phosphine porous organic polymers (Kphos(M)), resulting in effective heterogenized catalysts for different reactions.
Unravelling the physisorption characteristics of H2S molecule on biaxially strained single-layer MoS2
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed-Mohammad , Farshchi-Heydari Mohammad-Javad , Asad Mohsen , Fathipour Morteza
Published: July 2019

Sensing ultra-low levels of toxic chemicals such as H2S is crucial for many technological applications.
Selective photothermal killing of cancer cells using LED-activated nucleus targeting fluorescent carbon dots
Authors: Hill Stephen A. , Sheikh Sadiyah , Zhang Qiaoyu , Sueiro Ballesteros Lorena , Herman Andrew , Davis Sean A. , Morgan David J. , Berry Monica , Benito-Alifonso David , Galan M. Carmen
Published: July 2019

Effective theranostic probes in cancer therapy are still a challenge. We report the selective killing of cancer cells upon photothermal ablation using a new class of 2,5-deoxyfructosazine-coated green-emissive carbon dots using mild LED-irradiation.
Synergistic catalysis between atomically dispersed Fe and a pyrrolic-N-C framework for CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Xu Chaochen , Vasileff Anthony , Wang Dan , Jin Bo , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: July 2019

Atomically dispersed Fe immobilized within N-doped carbon nanosheets was synthesized. The synergistic effect between the metal atom and its anchoring framework sites has been investigated for efficient CO2 reduction.
Consecutive multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of complex molecules
Authors: Zhi Sanjun , Ma Xiaoming , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2019

Consecutive multicomponent reactions (MCRs) combine two or more MCRs to achieve high synthetic efficiency, product structural diversity, and molecular complexity.
TetraPh-Tol-BITIOPO: a new atropisomeric 3,3′-bithiophene based phosphine oxide as an organocatalyst in Lewis base-catalyzed Lewis acid mediated reactions
Authors: Mirco Abbinante Vincenzo , Maurizio Benaglia , Sergio Rossi , Tiziana Benincori , Roberto Cirilli , Marco Pierini
Published: July 2019

A new chiral phosphine oxide based on a 3,3′-bithiophene scaffold (TetraPh-Tol-BITIOPO) was synthesized, fully characterized and separated into antipodes through chiral HPLC.
Phosphine-catalyzed Michael additions to α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones
Authors: Salin Alexey V. , Islamov Daut R.
Published: July 2019

Increased reactivity of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones towards tertiary phosphines is reported; this effect is used to improve the efficiency of phosphine-catalyzed reactions.
Correction: Chiral zeolite beta: structure, synthesis, and application
Authors: Lu Tingting , Yan Wenfu , Xu Ruren
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Chiral zeolite beta: structure, synthesis, and application’ by Tingting Lu et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00574a.
New linker structures applied in glycosite-specific antibody drug conjugates
Authors: Faridoon Faridoon , Shi Wei , Qin Ken , Tang Yubo , Li Mingjie , Guan Dongliang , Tian Xiaobo , Jiang Bofeng , Dong Jinhua , Tang Feng , Huang Wei
Published: July 2019

Two new linkers employed in glycosite-specific antibody–drug conjugates demonstrate efficient conjugation, enhanced stability, and fluorescence properties.
Computational self-assembly of colloidal crystals from Platonic polyhedral sphere clusters
Authors: Marson Ryan L. , Teich Erin G. , Dshemuchadse Julia , Glotzer Sharon C. , Larson Ronald G.
Published: July 2019

We explore a rich phase space of crystals self-assembled from colloidal “polyhedral sphere clusters (PSCs),” each of which consists of equal-sized “halo” spheres placed at the vertices of a polyhedron such that they just touch along each edge.
A novel supramolecular AIE π-gel for fluorescence detection and separation of metal ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Wei Tai-Bao , Zhang Qin-Peng , Fan Yan-Qing , Mao Peng-Peng , Wang Jiao , Guan Xiao-Wen , Zhang You-Ming , Yao Hong , Lin Qi
Published: July 2019

A novel supramolecular AIE π-gel (ONT) is constructed using a π–π stacking interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction, which could efficiently detect and separate metal ions.
Bidirectional Interference Between Simulated Driving and Speaking
Authors: Dromey Christopher , Simmons Kelsey
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study relied on acoustic measures of connected speech and several indices of driving performance to quantify interference between speaking and simulated driving.

Method

Three groups of 20 younger (ages 20–30 years), middle-age (ages 40–50 years), and older (ages 60–71 years) adults produced monologues and completed a simulated driving task, which involved maintaining a constant speed and lane position on a freeway. Both tasks were completed separately and concurrently.

Results

There were significant divided attention effects, with a reduced speaking time ratio, and increases in vocal intensity, speed variability, and steering wheel adjustments. There was a significant between-subjects age effect for intensity and fundamental frequency as the younger group had less variation with these variables compared to the other age groups across conditions. There was a significant between-subjects age effect for lane position, steering wheel position, and speed as the younger group had less variation in lane position compared to the other 2 groups, and the older group had more variation in speed and steering wheel position compared to the other 2 groups across the experimental conditions.

Conclusion

These findings reveal that divided attention conditions can impact both speech and simulated driving performance. The results also shed some light on the effects of age on speech and driving tasks, although the degree of interference from divided attention did not differ by age.
Experiences of Speaking With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Britton Deanna , Hoit Jeannette D. , Pullen Elizabeth , Benditt Joshua O. , Baylor Carolyn R. , Yorkston Kathryn M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe experiences of speaking with 2 forms of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)—mouthpiece NPPV (M-NPPV) and nasal bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP)—in people with neuromuscular disorders who depend on NPPV for survival.

Method

Twelve participants (ages 22−68 years; 10 men, 2 women) with neuromuscular disorders (9 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1 Becker muscular dystrophy, 1 postpolio syndrome, and 1 spinal cord injury) took part in semistructured interviews about their speech. All subjects used M-NPPV during the day, and all but 1 used BPAP at night for their ventilation needs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and verified. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was used to code and develop themes.

Results

Three major themes emerged from the interview data: (a) M-NPPV aids speaking (by increasing loudness, utterance duration, clarity, and speaking endurance), (b) M-NPPV interferes with the flow of speaking (due to the need to pause to take a breath, problems with mouthpiece placement, and difficulty in using speech recognition software), and (c) nasal BPAP interferes with speaking (by causing abnormal nasal resonance, muffled speech, mask discomfort, and difficulty in coordinating speaking with ventilator-delivered inspirations).

Conclusion

These qualitative data from chronic NPPV users suggest that both M-NPPV and nasal BPAP may interfere with speaking but that speech is usually better and speaking is usually easier with M-NPPV. These findings can be explained primarily by the nature of the 2 ventilator delivery systems and their interfaces.
Vowel Duration Discrimination of Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ingram Susan B. , Reed Vicki A. , Powell Thomas W.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The ability of 5- and 6-year-old male children (23 participants) between the chronological ages of 5;0 and 6;11 (years;months) with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS;n= 9) and with typical development (TD;n= 14) to detect differences in vowel duration of syllable pairs is explored. We asked whether the children with CAS show different patterns of performance on the vowel duration difference experimental task than those of their similarly aged peers with TD.

Method

A male adult audio-recorded the syllable /bɑ/. The /ɑ/ was digitally lengthened and shortened, while maintaining uniform fundamental frequency and amplitude of the vowel and duration of the consonant /b/ at 42 ms. Vowel lengths increased in 40-ms increments, ranging from 208 to 488 ms. Eight pairs of syllables, 1 with equal length and 7 with differing vowel lengths, were randomly presented to the children 10 times in blocks of 16 pairs via a computer application.

Results

Numerous complementary analyses indicated patterns of performance differed for children with CAS compared to the children with TD. The children with CAS were notably less accurate in their duration discrimination and evidenced greater variability in their performances across duration difference conditions than their peers with TD, signifying they were generally challenged to discriminate the vowel duration differences.

Conclusion

These results suggest that CAS, which is more generally considered a motor speech disorder, may have a perceptual component of CAS related to vowel duration discrimination. Further research directions and clinical implications are discussed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8411876
Low-Frequency Pitch Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Normal Hearing in the Contralateral Ear
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , Rooth Meredith A. , King English R. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Brown Kevin D.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the low-frequency pitch perception of adults with unilateral hearing loss who received a cochlear implant (CI).

Method

Participants were recruited from a cohort of CI users with unilateral hearing loss and normal hearing in the contralateral ear. First, low-frequency pitch perception was assessed for the 5 most apical electrodes at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after CI activation using an adaptive pitch-matching task. Participants listened with a coding strategy that presents low-frequency temporal fine structure (TFS) and compared the pitch to that of an acoustic target presented to the normal hearing ear. Next, participants listened with an envelope-only, continuous interleaved sampling strategy. Pitch perception was compared between coding strategies to assess the influence of TFS cues on low-frequency pitch perception. Finally, participants completed a vocal pitch-matching task to corroborate the results obtained with the adaptive pitch-matching task.

Results

Pitch matches roughly corresponded to electrode center frequencies (CFs) in the CI map. Adaptive pitch matches exceeded the CF for the most apical electrode, an effect that was larger for continuous interleaved sampling than TFS. Vocal pitch matches were variable but correlated with the CF of the 3 most apical electrodes. There was no evidence that pitch matches changed between the 1- and 12-month intervals.

Conclusions

Relatively accurate and asymptotic pitch perception was observed at the 1-month interval, indicating either very rapid acclimatization or the provision of familiar place and rate cues. Early availability of appropriate pitch cues could have played a role in the early improvements in localization and masked speech recognition previously observed in this cohort.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8862389
Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced and Enhanced Acoustic Vowel Contrast in Talkers With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mefferd Antje S. , Dietrich Mary S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study sought to identify the articulator-specific mechanisms that underlie reduced and enhanced acoustic vowel contrast in talkers with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method

Seventeen talkers with mild–moderate dysarthria due to PD and 17 controls completed a sentence repetition task using typical, slow, loud, and clear speech. Tongue and jaw articulatory movements were recorded using 3D electromagnetic articulography. Independent tongue displacements, jaw displacements, and acoustic vowel contrast were calculated for the diphthong /aɪ/ embedded in the word
kite.

Results

During typical speech, independent tongue displacement, but not jaw displacement, contributed significantly to the intertalker variance in acoustic vowel contrast. Loudness-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven in controls but driven by the tongue and jaw in talkers with PD. Further, in both groups, clarity-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven. Finally, in both groups, rate-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly tongue driven; however, the jaw also contributed. These jaw contributions were greater in the PD group than in the control group.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that a tongue-specific articulatory impairment underlies acoustic vowel contrast deterioration in talkers with PD, at least during the early stages of speech decline. Findings further suggest that slow speech engages the impaired tongue more than loud and clear speech in talkers with PD. However, slow speech was also associated with an abnormally strong jaw response in these talkers, which suggests that a compensatory articulatory behavior may also be elicited.
Motor-Induced Suppression of the N100 Event-Related Potential During Motor Imagery Control of a Speech Synthesizer Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Brumberg Jonathan S. , Pitt Kevin M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Speech motor control relies on neural processes for generating sensory expectations using an efference copy mechanism to maintain accurate productions. The N100 auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been identified as a possible neural marker of the efference copy with a reduced amplitude during active listening while speaking when compared to passive listening. This study investigates N100 suppression while controlling a motor imagery speech synthesizer brain–computer interface (BCI) with instantaneous auditory feedback to determine whether similar mechanisms are used for monitoring BCI-based speech output that may both support BCI learning through existing speech motor networks and be used as a clinical marker for the speech network integrity in individuals without severe speech and physical impairments.

Method

The motor-induced N100 suppression is examined based on data from 10 participants who controlled a BCI speech synthesizer using limb motor imagery. We considered listening to auditory target stimuli (without motor imagery) in the BCI study as passive listening and listening to BCI-controlled speech output (with motor imagery) as active listening since audio output depends on imagined movements. The resulting ERP was assessed for statistical significance using a mixed-effects general linear model.

Results

Statistically significant N100 ERP amplitude differences were observed between active and passive listening during the BCI task. Post hoc analyses confirm the N100 amplitude was suppressed during active listening.

Conclusion

Observation of the N100 suppression suggests motor planning brain networks are active as participants control the BCI synthesizer, which may aid speech BCI mastery.
The influence of modern TV sets and monitors on the parameters defining the quality of electricity and the operation and safety of power grids
Authors: Lange Andrzej , Pasko Marian
Published: July 2019

This paper overviews European Commission regulations, directives of the European Parliament and the European Council, Polish laws and regulations as well as standards applicable to power quality, in particular the power factor and the higher harmonic content of currents and voltages in power grids. Power quality parameters for loads such as TV sets and monitors were measured and analyzed. The time waveforms of currents for these loads during standard operation and in stand-by mode were presented. The influence of the evaluated devices on the design and operation of modern power grids was analyzed with special emphasis on electrical safety.
Analysis of asymmetrical operating conditions of a power system for different models of synchronous generators
Authors: Pruski Piotr , Paszek Stefan
Published: July 2019

In the paper, the waveforms of the output quantities of different mathematical models of a synchronous generator operating in a power system (PS) are compared. In the investigations, it was assumed that the PS consisted of a generating unit (including, among others, a synchronous generator) connected to a bus by a high voltage transmission line. The disturbances of the steady state in the form of symmetrical and asymmetrical short-circuits in a selected place of the transmission line were considered. In the generator model, the subtransient asymmetry was taken into account. The XT and RL models of the synchronous generator when assuming different input and output quantities of the system were investigated.
Simulation model of one-phase full bridge diode rectifier with current modulator
Authors: Ciepliński Łukasz , Krystkowiak Michał , Gwóźdź Michał
Published: July 2019

In the article, the simulation model of a one-phase full bridge diode rectifier with a current modulator in the input circuit is described. The proposed solution is characterized by the consumption of a sinusoidal current from a power grid, compatible in phase with the fundamental harmonic of voltage. The power circuit, as well as controlling parts of the constructed simulation model were presented. Moreover, selected results of the simulation model investigation are shown.
Formation of asperities on electrode surfaces of high-voltage vacuum insulation systems by striking microparticles
Authors: Dobrzycki Arkadiusz , Opydo Władysław , Bieliński Kazimierz , Twardosz Grzegorz
Published: July 2019

The authors analyzed the ability to produce asperities on the surface of discharge electrodes vacuum insulation systems by hitting the electrode surface small clumps of material − microparticles. Insulation systems with electrodes made of copper, aluminum and titanium were analyzed. The dependence on the distance between the electrodes and the minimum voltage value at the terminals of the insulation system was determined, under the influence of which accelerated spherical microparticles with different radii cause deformations of the electrode surface.
Supercapacitor fractional model − DAQ-based measurements of frequency characteristics and error computation
Authors: Sowa Marcin , Jakubowska-Ciszek Agnieszka
Published: July 2019

The study concerns the modelling of a supercapacitor. The frequency characteristics are selected as the measurement basis for the study. The characteristics are obtained through a measurement setup featuring a data acquisition (DAQ) device and an arbitrary function generator (AFG). After the characteristics had been obtained − a parameter estimation procedure is executed. The response of the model is then compared with the measurement results. An error definition determining the agreement of the frequency characteristics is introduced. It takes into account both the real and imaginary parts of the obtained impedances.
Analysis of possibility of shorted coil localization in power transformer on the basis of its frequency response (SFRA)
Authors: Lewandowski Kamil , Morańda Hubert
Published: July 2019

The article presents the results of transformer investigation using SFRA method. The 630 kVA unit with the Dyn5 connection system were investigated. The characteristics of the frequency response for the transformer without defect and with the shorted turns implemented defect were presented and analyzed. The shorted turns was performed in various parts of the HV transformer’s winding in order to check the possibility of localization of this defect. The measurements were carried out in four different ways: measurement of the frequency response of the tested winding with shorted and on free potential line terminals of the remaining windings, and inter-winding measurement − inductive and capacitive. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the shorted turns location in the transformer on its frequency response was evaluated.
The influence of the presence of gasses in mineral oil on the ability of molecular sieves for water sorption
Authors: Cybulski Mateusz , Przybylek Piotr
Published: July 2019

Previous studies has shown, that for the same relative humidity, the ability of molecular sieves to adsorb water in the air is higher than in mineral oil. One of the reasons for this difference may be the presence of dissolved gasses in the mineral oil. The effect of the presence of gasses in mineral oil on the ability of molecular sieves to adsorb water was experimentally investigated. Samples of non-degassed and degassed mineral oil with a similar initial water content were dried by means of activated 3A and 13X molecular sieves. The obtained results allowed to show that in the studied range of gas content in oil they do not affect the ability of molecular sieves for water sorption.
Minimization of magnetoacoustic resonant tags for the electronic article surveillance system
Authors: Świderski Mariusz , Gulczyński Adam , Biernacki Jerzy
Published: July 2019

The areas of application of EAS systems are, among others, stores and libraries. EAS systems are used to signal a theft of goods. The exemplary EAS system consists of: a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna and tags also called clips. The tag is an element of the system with which the consumer has direct contact. The tag can be installed on various items available in the store. Starting from the size of a pen, through jackets and coats to TVs and bicycles. Therefore, the aesthetics, and mainly the size of the tag, cannot distort the consumer's ability to check an item accurately, nor can they affect its use. The paper presents a method of minimizing the dimensions of a tag while maintaining the required detection distance.
Experimental investigations of monolithic IGBT transistor acoustic emission phenomena
Authors: Kozak Maciej , Gordon Radosław
Published: July 2019

Many recent researches are focused on the diagnostic methods allowing determination of the condition of working semiconductor components (power transistors, diodes etc.). As any solid material under stresses (mechanical, temperature and electrical) the semiconductors are generating elastic waves in the case of changing conductivity state. Based on the results of experimental research, a correlation can be observed between the transition between the on and off states of a single IGBT transistor and the emitted acoustic signal. Acquisition of acoustic emission signals was obtained with use of a wide band acoustic emission sensor. The received signal initially was prepared by AD input card with amplifier and then were recorded by means of a computer software. Acquired data were exported the to a file, which enabled further processing of the measured signals. The aim of the study was to determine the acoustic emission background signal coming from switching IGBT transistor and preparation of frequency response. The results of analysis will be used as a reference point for a further investigation of early-stage faults of semiconductors elements.
Diagnosis of a ferroresonance type through visualisation
Authors: Majka Łukasz , Klimas Maciej
Published: July 2019

The paper is focused on presenting the possible enhancements in visualisation of the ferroresonance phenomenon. The investigations have been performed with the usage of overcurrent/overvoltage responses of a ferroresonance circuit. The waveforms have been measured and recorded in a ferroresonant test circuit. Phase–plane/–space graphs analysed in this paper are a visual display of certain type characteristics for the time dependent system of nonlinear differential equations. The application of Poincare maps is also mentioned in the paper.
Selection of the size of field of view in thermal imaging observations of small areas
Authors: Dziarki Krzysztof , Hulewicz Arkadiusz , Krawiecki Zbigniew
Published: July 2019

The paper explains the effect of matrix resolution on the field of view of a single detector. The dependency of the field of view of a single detector as a function of distance between the lens of thermal imaging camera and the surface observed is shown. It was proposed how to select the lens of thermal imaging camera so that the obtained thermogram it would be able to achieve such a geometric resolution that would allow for sufficiently accurate mapping of temperature distribution on the surface observed.
Up-to-date solutions for reducing electricity consumption in lighting installations
Authors: Sowa Sławomir
Published: July 2019

Lighting is an important part of the building installations. Current lighting trends in the public and private sectors make lighting energy a significant part of the total electricity consumption of facilities. The provisions included in the standards, directives and regulations prescribe the implementation of the measures contributing to the reduction of electricity consumption, i.e. the improvement of energy efficiency of facilities. The article shows current trends and solutions concerning the reduction of electricity consumption in lighting installations, with the main focus on public utility facilities. The proposed systems are universal and can be implemented in various objects with different purpose and use.
Overhead wires detection by FPGA real-time image processing
Authors: Kowalski Paweł , Smyk Robert
Published: July 2019

The paper presents design and hardware implementation of real-time image filtering for overhead wires detection divided on image processing and results presentation blocks. The image processing block was separated from the whole implementation, and its delay and hardware complexity was analysed. Also the maximum frequency of image processing of the proposed implementation was estimated.
The frequency response of the object, and the estimation of the parameters of the simplified transfer function model
Authors: Dudziak Konrad , Stawicki Krzysztof , Brykalski Andrzej
Published: July 2019

The article presents a comparison of the modified method of the moments and the System Identification Toolbox ™ for the purpose of determining equivalent parameters (depending on the space point, time constants, delays, row of inertia) of simplified transfer function models.
Thermal imaging observations of the surface of a gauge block
Authors: Dziarski Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a method for determining the time at which the temperature of surface of a gauge block will be established. The relationship between the temperature of a gauge block, its length and the value of uncertainty of measurement when calibrating using this block was explained. Attention was paid to problems resulting from the applied measurement method. Particular attention was paid to thermal imaging observations of the lateral surface of a gauge block
Effect of slag-remaining operation on dephosphorization based on single-slag converter steelmaking technology
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Li Jing , Yan Wei , Song Shenyang
Published: July 2019

During converter steelmaking process, large amounts of slags are generated which take away heat and iron resources from molten bath. The slag-remaining operation is a kind of hot slag recycling. It is that all or most of the slags are left in the converter for next heat during continuous production of several successive heats. The basicity of the remaining slag is about 3, and the content of (FeO) is about 20%.When slag-remaining operation is adopted, it increases the slagging speed in the early stage. Influence of slag-remaining process on the dephosphorization during converter steelmaking was studied through industrial practice and theoretical calculation. The results show that the slag-remaining operation can realize low cost and high efficiency for converter steelmaking. It can reduce the consumption of lime and achieve better dephosphorization effect. But phosphorus content in slag increases gradually with the increase of slag remaining times and the dephosphorization capacity of slag is reduced, which result in the poor dephosphorization of steel. Therefore, the times of slag-remaining should be less than 5 to ensure the dephosphorization of steel.
From one rapeseed congress to another: what research for which issues,
A review of the Saskatoon 2015 conference in the perspective of Berlin 2019
Authors: Pilorgé Etienne , Flénet Francis , Quinsac Alain , Pinochet Xavier
Published: July 2019

The contents of the 2015 Rapeseed Convention, held in Saskatoon, Canada, under the auspices of GCIRC, provided an up-to-date review of rapeseed research and innovation and development perspectives, which may key to understanding the evolutions that will be expressed during the 15th Colza Congress, in Berlin, Germany, in June 2019, in a context marked both by the emergence of new technologies and by changes in market and societal demand.
Das enterische Nervensystem
Authors: Magga Corts Köln
Published: July 2019

Das enterische Nervensystem (ENS) ist eine Sonderform des vegetativen Nervensystems (VNS): Es ist im Verdauungstrakt als ein autonomer Teil des VNS lokalisiert und besteht aus drei Nervengeflechten. Funktionell steht es mit den anderen vegetativen Systemen, dem Sympathikus und dem Parasympathikus in Verbindung. Das ENS kann jedoch auch unabhängig davon agieren.
Zweimal die Woche Fisch – gesund oder doch nicht?
Authors: März Henrike
Published: July 2019

Fisch sollte laut aktuellen Ernährungsempfehlungen (DGE: 1-2 Portionen pro Woche) regelmäßig auf unserem Speiseplan stehen. Doch wie gesund oder womöglich schadstoffbelastet ist der Fisch, der auf unseren Tellern landet? Und tragen wir damit nicht zur Überfischung bei? Dr. Henrike März im Interview mit Dr. Matthias Keller vom Fisch-Informationszentrum (FIZ) e. V.
Zervixkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2019

Bei frühen Zervixkarzinomen empfehlen die Fachgesellschaften eine radikale Hysterektomie, die minimal invasiv oder offen erfolgen kann. Erste Berichte signalisierten für beide Methoden vergleichbare Rückfallraten und Überlebenszeiten. Die LACC-Studie (Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer) kam jetzt zu einem anderen Ergebnis und wurde wegen Nachteilen der minimal invasiven OP vorzeitig geschlossen.
ASCO-GU 2019: Immuntherapien bei urologischen Tumoren
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: July 2019

In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Immuntherapie mithilfe von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, angefangen beim Melanom und inzwischen bei nahezu allen Tumorentitäten, als effektive Therapie für zumindest einen Teil der Patienten erwiesen. Prof. James L. Gulley vom National Cancer Institute, Bethesda/USA, gab auf dem Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GU) 2019 einen Überblick über die Immuntherapien und ihren Einsatz bei urologischen Tumoren.
ASCO-GU 2019: Metastasierte Urothelkarzinome
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: July 2019

Die Therapielandschaft des metastasierten Urothelkarzinoms hat sich seit der Zulassung der ersten Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren verändert. Die neuen Therapien sind deutlich effektiver, allerdings erreichen die Responseraten der neuen Therapien nur bis zu etwa 30 %, beklagte Prof. Matthew Milowsky, Chapel Hill/USA, auf einer Oral Abstract Session auf dem ASCO-GU. In San Francisco gaben erste Vorträge und Poster bereits einen Einblick, wovon diejenigen Patienten profitieren könnten, die auf die etablierten Chemotherapien und die neuen Immuntherapien nicht ansprechen. Manche Onkologen sprechen bereits von der „Post-Checkpoint-Ära”. Als Kandidaten werden vor allem Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate (antibody-drug conjugates; ADC) gehandelt – und zwar nicht nur zur Therapie des metastasierten Blasenkarzinoms.
Chronisch lymphatische Leukämie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2019

Bei Patienten mit rezidivierter und refraktärer chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie (CLL) verlängerte der Bruton-Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor Ibrutinib das progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS) und ist seit 2016 auch als Erstlinienbehandlung zugelassen. Die Phase-III-Studie verglich 3 Therapieprotokolle für unbehandelte CLL-Patienten ≥ 65 Jahre: Bendamustin plus Rituximab, Ibrutinib sowie Ibrutinib plus Rituximab.
Metastasiertes triple-negatives Mammakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2019

Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate sind auf dem Vormarsch. Bei Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy (Immu-132) ist ein Antikörper gegen TROP 2 mit dem aktiven Metaboliten von Irinotecan SN38 gekoppelt. Die FDA stufte die Substanz bereits 2016 als Breakthrough-Therapie ein. In einer Phase-I/II-Studie mit 108 stark vorbehandelten Patientinnen führte Immu-132 zu einer dauerhaften objektiven Response.
SG-BCC 2019: Brustkrebs-Konsensuskonferenz in Wien
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: July 2019

Seit mittlerweile fast 4 Jahrzehnten findet am letzten Tag der St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference die Konsensussitzung zur optimalen Primärtherapie des Mammakarzinoms statt. Auf Basis der aktuellen Evidenz stimmte das Experten-Panel über fast 250 Fragen zu unterschiedlichsten Aspekten des Brustkrebs-Managements ab.
SG-BCC 2019: Real-World-Daten zum Breast Recurrence Score
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: July 2019

Aktuelle Registerdaten machen deutlich, dass die Indikation zu einer Chemotherapie bei Frauen mit frühem Hormonrezeptor(HR)-positivem Brustkrebs dank des Multigen-Expressionstests präziser gestellt werden kann und unnötige Chemotherapien eingespart werden können.
DGP 2019: Welche Früherkennung ist sinnvoll?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: July 2019

Die Prognose für Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom ist im Allgemeinen immer noch ungünstig. Lungenkrebs-Screening in einer definierten Risikogruppe ist aber machbar und reduziert die Lungenkrebssterblichkeit deutlich, stellte Prof. Felix Herth, Heidelberg, auf einer Pressekonferenz auf dem Pneumologenkongress 2019 fest. Inzwischen gibt es auch gute Ansätze, die zu hohe Zahl falsch positiver Befunde zu reduzieren. Untersuchungen bezüglich der Kosteneffektivität stehen allerdings noch aus. Im Falle einer Implementierung bedarf es in Deutschland einer qualitätskontrollierten Struktur, um eine Überdiagnostik zu vermeiden, so der Pneumologe.
Precision Surgery for Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Wiseman Douglas , Lakis Mustapha El , Nilubol Naris
Published: July 2019

Since Felix Fränkel’s account of pheochromocytoma in 1886, great discoveries and vast advancements in the diagnosis, genetics, anatomical and functional imaging techniques, and surgical management of pheochromcytoma and paraganglioma (P-PGL) have been made. The improved insight in the pathophysiology of P-PGL and more accurate detection methods enable physicians to tailor the treatment plan to an individual based on the genetic profile and tumor behavior. This review will cover briefly the clinical features, diagnosis, genetic mutations, and imaging modalities that are used to guide current surgical management of these rare and interesting endocrinopathies.
Die Psyche isst mit
Authors: Bammel Uta
Published: July 2019

Emotionales Essen ist eine Reaktion auf Stress, denn das Gehirn verbraucht bei Stress mehr Glukose und meldet anschließend das Signal "Hunger". Stress-oder Frustesser versuchen, durch hochkalorische, kohlenhydratreiche Lebensmittel negative Gefühle zu kompensieren. Belohnungsesser möchten so positive Gefühle verstärken. Die Gewohnheit des emotionalen Essens kann leichter durchbrochen werden, wenn man seine somatische Intelligenz trainiert.
Pheochromocytomas: Fabulous, Fascinating, and First (in everything)!
Authors: Stratakis Constantine A.
Published: July 2019

“Patients that sweat over their whole bodies from the beginning…that have burning heat, are cooled without a crisis and then quickly become burning hot again…” 1 Was Hippocrates talking about patients with pheochromocytomas and their classic triad of paroxysmal symptomatology of palpitations, diaphoresis, and headaches? We will never know…
Comparison of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Severe-intensity Laboratory and Field Cycling
Authors: Prinz Bernhard , Haselsberger Kevin , Tschan Harald , Nimmerichter Alfred
Published: July 2019

The O2-kinetic response to constant work rate exercise provides an insight into the adjustment of systemic oxygen transport and muscle metabolism. Whether O2-kinetics measured in laboratory conditions reflect O2-kinetics in field conditions has not yet been analysed. The aim of this study was to compare O2-kinetics between field and laboratory conditions. Thirteen competitive male cyclists (mean±SD age 23.3±4.1 years; V̇O2peak 68.2±4.7 mL.min−1.kg−1) completed two 6-min severe-intensity trials at 60 and 90 rev.min−1 in both conditions. Power output was measured with an SRM power meter and V̇O2 was measured with a portable gas analyser. The time constant (τ), the time delay (TD) and the amplitude (Amp) were resolved by least square regression, and the V̇O2 slow component (SC) was calculated as the difference between the end-exercise V̇O2 and Amp. To determine differences between the trials, a repeated-measure ANOVA was conducted. The Amp and end-exercise V̇O2 were significantly higher during field cycling whereas the SC were significantly higher during laboratory cycling (all at p<0.001). No significant differences were found for τ (p=0.24). Laboratory measures tend to underestimate the oxygen demand in field cycling. A higher cadence leads to greater oxygen demand in laboratory and field cycling.
The role of electrostatic waves in the formation of thermal front in solar flares: 1-D PIC simulation
Authors: Guo Jun
Published: July 2019

The electrostatic waves excited during the formation of the thermal front are studied using a one-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation. The thermal front is defined as a sudden decrease in the local electron temperature. The results suggest that the beam mode and the electron acoustic waves are first excited, and then ion acoustic waves are produced. The thermal front just forms in the region of the plasma density depression. The nonlinear evolution of ion acoustic waves can be a potential mechanism for the formation of the thermal front which confines hot electrons and reduces their cooling time. According to the evolution of electron dynamics in phase space, the thermal front actually reflects hot electrons with low kinetic energy through the double layer which is driven by the ion-acoustic waves. That is, the thermal front is actually a double layer.
Kinetics of singlet fission in organic semiconductors: Specific features of T-exciton migration effects
Authors: Shushin A. I.
Published: July 2019

Kinetics of singlet fission (SF) in organic semiconductors, associated with spontaneous splitting of the excited singlet state (S1) into a pair of triplet (T) excitons, is known to be strongly affected by geminate annihilation of generated TT-pairs. In this work, we analyze in detail the SF-kinetics within lattice-migration (hopping), diffusion-migration, and exponential-kinetics two-state models (TSMs), which allow us to accurately describe the effects of relative T-exciton migration in TT-pairs. In the proposed TSMs, the migration effects are treated within the approximation of kinetic coupling of two states: [TT]-state of interacting TT-pairs and [T + T]-state of freely migrating T-excitons. The TSMs are applied to study some important specific properties of the kinetics of SF-processes in the external magnetic field. In our work, we concentrate on the analysis of T-exciton-migration effects on SF-kinetics. It is demonstrated, in particular, that the anisotropy of T-exciton migration strongly manifests itself in SF-kinetics, especially in its (inverse-power type) long time part. High migration anisotropy also leads to a substantial decrease in the rate of T-exciton escape from [TT]-state and thus to TT-caging which can result in crossing of SF-kinetic curves corresponding to different magnetic fields. The analysis of this effect is shown to provide important information on specific features of the kinetics of SF-processes.
Dynamics of linear molecules in water: Translation-rotation coupling in jump motion driven diffusion
Authors: Nair Anjali S. , Banerjee Puja , Sarkar Sarmistha , Bagchi Biman
Published: July 2019

We study by computer simulations, and by theory, the coupled rotational and translational dynamics of three important linear diatomic molecules, namely, carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and cyanide ion (CN−) in water. Translational diffusion of these molecules is found to be strongly coupled to their own rotational dynamics which, in turn, are coupled to similar motions of the surrounding water. In particular, we find that coupled orientational jump motions play an important role in all three cases. While CO and NO show similar features, CN− exhibits certain differences. Our results agree well with the known experimental values of the diffusion coefficient. We examined the validity of hydrodynamic predictions and found them to be inadequate, particularly for rotational diffusion. A mode coupling theory approach is developed and applied to understand the complexity of translation-rotation coupling.