bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in some dwellings of Mandya city and its surroundings, Karnataka, India
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Kesthur Naraseyappa , Ashok Godekere Visweswaraiah , Shashi Kumar Thuruganur Siddaiah , Nagaiah Ningaiah
Published: June 2020

The measurement of 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in air was carried out in 50 dwellings belonging to 20 locations in and around Mandya city, Karnataka. Annual mean values of 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations were found to be 22.4 ± 1.5 and 24.1 ± 1.8 Bq m−3, respectively. The total annual effective dose received by the general public due to radon and thoron was found to be 1.36 ± 0.08 mSv y−1. The doses to different organs and tissues were calculated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) model of the respiratory tract and inter-comparison was made. The flooring, roofing type and age of the buildings were noted and the radon levels with respect to these parameters were analysed and discussed. An attempt was made to predict the indoor radon levels in dwellings using the existing model which was based on the mass balance equation and the results were compared with measured values.
Beliefs and attributions: Insider accounts of men’s place in early childhood education and care
Authors: Sullivan Victoria , Coles Laetitia , Xu Yuwei , Perales Francisco , Thorpe Karen
Published: June 2020

Theoretical perspectives, and a large body of empirical research examining sex-segregated occupations, identify the attitudinal barriers of the majority as pivotal for both workplace well-being and the retention of minorities. Globally, where more than 90% of the early childhood education and care workforce is female, understanding the attitudes of the majority is critical in informing actions to sustain men’s participation. So too are female educators’ understanding, acceptance and responses to the attitudes of other key stakeholders. The extent to which decisions in the workplace reflect personal, organisational or parent perspectives is not well understood. In this study, the authors analyse interview data from the female majority to distinguish personal voice and attributed beliefs regarding the inclusion of men in the early childhood education and care workplace. They analyse interview data from 96 women working as educators in a representative sample of long-day-care and kindergarten services in Queensland, Australia. The analyses suggest that the view of male educators as assets was claimed, while concerns about risk or competency were typically attributed to others. Attributed views were not often contested, but instead accepted or excused. The findings suggest that while the inclusion of men in the early childhood education and care workforce is explicitly accepted by female colleagues, actions within the workforce may be influenced by the attitudes of those outside or by latent personal attitudes distanced by positioning as the voice of others.
Optimization of laser repair parameters for precracked 304 stainless steel components with nanocomposites addition
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Yinyin , Guo Fenglei , Fang Guanglei , Yu Qun , Wang Cunshan
Published: June 2020

The optimization of process parameters is usually essential for achieving improved properties at efficient and cost-effective process conditions. The influence of laser parameters, i.e. laser power, spot diameter, and laser heating time, on the fracture property of repaired specimens was investigated by Taguchi experiment. Cracks were first fabricated on 304 stainless steel compact tension specimens by wire cutting and then repaired by adding nanocomposites at crack tips under different combinations of laser parameters. The repairing effects were evaluated by crack opening displacement measured by digital image correlation and microstructure characterized by scanning electron microscope. The analysis of variance was used to investigate the contribution of factor variables to the fracture parameter of crack opening displacements. The fracture property was improved most at the optimal repair process parameters of laser power of 1800 W, spot diameter of 3 mm, and heating time of 0.5 s within the selected range of experiments. The influence of laser parameters on the fracture properties of repaired specimens is found in the sequence of spot diameter, laser power, and heating time. This paper reveals the relationship of process–microstructure–fracture property in laser repair and provides a guideline for the selection of laser parameters to improve the quality of crack repair.
Evaluation study on social work intervention after an explosion disaster in China
Authors: Yang Hui , Li Jinzhu , Chen Honglin , An Ning
Published: June 2020

Since the “5.12” 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, disaster social work has been developing gradually in mainland China. This study evaluated a university-led, project-based social work intervention following the “8.12” 2015 Tianjin explosion disaster. Document analysis, participant observation, and in-depth individual interview methods were used. Three types of interviewees ( N = 14) recruited via purposive sampling participated in semistructured interviews. According to the evaluative framework of trauma-informed social work for the old population, the social work intervention achieved the connectedness dimension of recovery of target population and partially satisfied the meaning, hope and empowerment demand. Nevertheless, the safety, identity and continuity dimensions of recovery were lack and the meaning dimension was weak. Discussion and implications for future disaster social work were summarized.
Religious faith, effort and enthusiasm: motivations to volunteer in response to holiday hunger
Authors: Denning Stephanie
Published: June 2020

The voluntary sector is playing an increasing role in responding to UK poverty, but there is a lack of attention in cultural geographies to understanding what motivates people to volunteer in this response. In particular, faith-based organisations – and therefore volunteers with religious faith – have been an active part of the voluntary sector response to poverty. However, little is known about what motivates people who have a religious faith to volunteer. Drawing on participatory and ethnographic research with a UK Christian charity working in the area of children’s holiday hunger, this article seeks to make three contributions. First, it moves beyond static notions of religious motivation which tend to characterise quantitative and more reductive qualitative approaches to volunteering in the social sciences. Secondly, it develops analysis of religious faith which foregrounds its relational, fluid and contested role in motivating people to volunteer, highlighting the importance of ongoing volunteering journeys alongside the initial motivations which led to a person starting to volunteer. Thirdly, by focusing on effort and enthusiasm the article seeks to break down the binary between faith-based and secular motivations and highlight instead the ways volunteers at the holiday hunger project experienced challenges in turning an initial motivation into action, and how ‘faith motivation’ itself is inherently relational and is co-constituted in place.
Effectiveness of dyadic interventions to improve stroke patient–caregiver dyads’ outcomes after discharge: A systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Lommi Marzia , Magwood Gayenell S , Simeone Silvio , Colaceci Sofia , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria
Published: June 2020

Background

Because of the importance of a dyadic approach, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review to identify which dyadic intervention could be implemented for stroke survivor–caregiver dyads after discharge from the rehabilitation hospital to improve outcomes.

Aims

The aims were to systematically review the evidence to identify which dyadic interventions have been implemented in stroke survivor–caregiver dyads to improve stroke survivor–caregiver dyads’ outcomes and to analyse, through a meta-analysis, which intervention was found to be the most effective.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCT studies published within the last 10 years were included. Quantitative data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI-MAStARI. Pooled effects were analysed between the experimental and control groups for each outcome.

Results

Sixteen studies involving 2997 stroke survivors (male gender=58%) and 2187 caregivers (male gender=25%) were included in this review. In 16 studies, which were subdivided into three quasi-RCTs and 13 RCTs, the application of dyadic interventions for stroke survivors and caregivers was systematically reviewed, but only a few of these identified a significant improvement in the stroke survivors’ and caregivers’ outcomes of its intervention group. Dyadic interventions showed a significant effect on stroke survivors’ physical functioning (p=0.05), memory (p<0.01) and quality of life (p=0.01) and on caregivers’ depression (p=0.05).

Conclusions

This study provides moderate support for the use of a dyadic intervention to improve stroke survivors’ physical functioning, memory and quality of life and caregiver depression.
Noise source location and scaling of subsonic upper-surface blowing
Authors: Jennette Trae L , Ahuja Krish K
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with the topic of upper surface blowing noise. Using a model-scale rectangular nozzle of an aspect ratio of 10 and a sharp trailing edge, detailed noise contours were acquired with and without a subsonic jet blowing over a flat surface to determine the noise source location as a function of frequency. Additionally, velocity scaling of the upper surface blowing noise was carried out. It was found that the upper surface blowing increases the noise significantly. This is a result of both the trailing edge noise and turbulence downstream of the trailing edge, referred to as wake noise in the paper. It was found that low-frequency noise with a peak Strouhal number of 0.02 originates from the trailing edge whereas the high-frequency noise with the peak in the vicinity of Strouhal number of 0.2 originates near the nozzle exit. Low frequency (low Strouhal number) follows a velocity scaling corresponding to a dipole source where as the high Strouhal numbers as quadrupole sources. The culmination of these two effects is a cardioid-shaped directivity pattern. On the shielded side, the most dominant noise sources were at the trailing edge and in the near wake. The trailing edge mounting geometry also created anomalous acoustic diffraction indicating that not only is the geometry of the edge itself important, but also all geometry near the trailing edge.
Elegant security: Concept, evidence and implications
Authors: Farrell Graham , Tilley Nick
Published: June 2020

Some security devices can be ugly, inconvenient or an infringement on civil liberties. This means that security is a quality of life issue as well as one of crime prevention. Here we propose that, in addition to preventing crime and being cost effective, security should preferably be ethical and unobtrusive, aesthetically neutral or pleasing, and the easy-to-use or default option. We describe security with such characteristics as ‘elegant’. We use two case studies to explore how, as many types of crime have declined in recent decades, there was an increase in elegant and a decrease in inelegant security. We suggest that the lifecycle of some security technologies sees them evolve from inelegant to elegant, that continual improvement is required to keep ahead of offender adaptations, and that inelegant security can fall into disuse even if it prevents crime. It is hoped that this conceptual contribution might inform discussions about the appropriate form and role of security.
The Promise of Noncognitive Factors for Underrepresented College Students
Authors: Akos Patrick , Greene Jeffrey A. , Fotheringham Eric , Raynor Samantha , Gonzales Junius , Godwin Jeremy
Published: June 2020

We use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the validity and reliability of three non-cognitive factors—resilience, grit, and growth mindset—as well as to examine whether those factors predict academic success for a sample of students primarily represented by first-year African American students at three Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and one Minority Serving Institution (MSI). The findings indicate that initial growth mindset and grit scores predicted GPA, whereas changes in resilience over the academic year predicted the number of credit hours taken at the end of the first year. Results add to the ongoing debate about the credibility and utility of noncognitive factors for fostering success.
Tearing analysis of PVC coated fabric under uniaxial and biaxial central tearing tests
Authors: Bao Han , Wu Minger , Zhang Xubo
Published: June 2020

In this study, detailed uniaxial and biaxial central tearing tests of a type of PVC coated polyester fiber fabric for buildings were carried out. The characteristics of the damage morphology, the formation of the triangle area at the crack tip, crack propagation, and failure modes during the entire tearing process were studied. The influence of crack orientation, crack length, and load ratio on tearing behaviors were analyzed, and it was found that the two parameters of crack orientation and length could be combined into a single variable of the number of cutting-off yarns in the direction perpendicular to crack propagation. For the uniaxial central tearing test, four widely used theoretical models were used to fit the experimental results, which led to the conclusion that Thiele’s empirical formula was the most suitable theory for predicting the tearing strength of PVC fabrics. Finally, the strain of all yarns across the crack section before and at the moment of crack propagation was recorded by the DIC equipment, and the load borne by each yarn was calculated based on the uniaxial tension curve of this material. In this way, the strain and load distributions were obtained for the first time, from which it was observed that the maximum strain almost always concentrated in the del-zone at crack tips, and the number of cutting-off yarns significantly affected the strain distribution. Specifically, the more yarns were cut off, the more difficult it was for other yarns far from the crack to exert their load-carrying capacity.
Ultrasound cavitation enhanced chemotherapy: In vivo research and clinical application
Authors: Shen Zhiyong , Shao Jingjing , Zhang Jianquan , Qu Weixing
Published: June 2020

Ultrasound and microbubbles can induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the effects of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) combined with chemotherapy on in vivo tumors have rarely been studied. This research is to evaluate the efficacy of targeted USMB and chemotherapeutic drugs on apoptosis and inhibition of hepatic carcinoma cells in nude mice. We also summarize case reports of its clinical application. It was divided into three parts: First, the subcutaneous hepatic tumors of nude mice were irradiated with ultrasound (20 kHz, 2 W/cm2, 40% duty cycle) and SonoVue microbubbles injected to the tail vein of the mice followed by chemotherapy comprising cisplatin, mitomycin, and 5-fluorouracil. The apoptosis of hepatoma cells was examined by TUNEL staining, and the expression of the Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The microvasculature of the tumor tissues was observed by transmission electron microscope. Second, orthotopic hepatic tumors in nude mice were irradiated by USMB and chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Third, the malignant tumors in three patients were treated with USMB and chemotherapy. Our results showed that microbubbles focused by low-frequency US ruptured microvessel walls, through which more chemotherapy drugs entered into the carcinoma cells, thus enhancing cell apoptosis, increasing Bax protein expression, and decreasing Bcl-2 expression. The survival period of the nude mice in the USMB and chemotherapy group was the longest, compared with the control, USMB, and chemotherapy (χ2=29.37, P < 0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed the tumor volumes in nude mice decreased after USMB and chemotherapy (t = 3.91, P = 0.0173). In clinical cases, after USMB and chemotherapy, the diameters of tumors decreased and the symptoms of the patients were relieved. Targeted low-frequency ultrasound combined with chemotherapy can promote tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, and relieve clinical symptoms of patients.

Impact statement

The novelty of this research is that we used ultrasound cavitation to enhance the effects of chemotherapy in the subcutaneous and orthotopic hepatic carcinomas in nude mice. Case reports of the effects of the targeting ultrasound cavitation and chemotherapy on malignant tumors in clinical patients were also examined. We found that low-frequency ultrasound cavitation combined with chemotherapy is effective in the inhibition of tumor growth to some extent.
MiR-1587 Regulates DNA Damage Repair and the Radiosensitivity of CRC Cells via Targeting LIG4
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Shen Liping , Lin Chuxian , He Junyan , Wang Qi , Qi Zhenhua , Zhang Qingtong , Zhou Meijuan , Wang Zhidong
Published: June 2020

DNA is subject to a range of endogenous and exogenous insults that can impair DNA replication and lead to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The repair capacity of cancer cells mediates their radiosensitivity, but the roles of miR-1587 during radiation resistance are poorly characterized. In this study, we explored whether miR-1587 regulates the growth and radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through its ability to regulate DNA Ligase4 (LIG4). We found that CRC cells in which miR-1587 was overexpressed inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis through increasing DSBs and promoting cell cycle arrest. We found that overexpression of miR-1587 significantly inhibited LIG4 messenger RNA and protein expression and further revealed the ability of miR-1587 to directly bind to the LIG4-3′-untranslated region through dual-luciferase reporter assays. More notably, miR-1587 mimics increased the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Taken together, we show that miR-1587 overexpression enhances the formation of DSBs, arrests CRC cell growth, and enhances the radiosensivity of CRC cells through the direct repression of LIG4 expression. These results reveal novel roles for miR-1587 during DNA damage repair and the radiosensivity of CRC cells. This highlights miR-1587 as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
Analysis of risk factors for high postoperative D-dimer levels: A single-center nurse-observational study
Authors: Qin Ling , Fu Yan , Li Cong , Chen Shuang , Lv Ying , Hao Meijuan , Zhang Hao , Wang Yanqiu
Published: June 2020

Background

As an elevated D-dimer level is directly proportional to the degrees of trauma and coagulation, it is often used to assess the severity of the trauma as well as the risk of thrombosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for a high postoperative D-dimer level.

Methods

A total of 623 patients undergoing radical mastectomy were included. The association between various clinicopathological factors and D-dimer variation was examined.

Results

Age, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, diabetes, and elevated neutrophil count were significant risk factors for D-dimer variation, after adjusting for other factors.

Conclusions

This study has identified the characteristics of patients who are likely to experience considerable postoperative increases in the D-dimer level. The development of effective nursing interventions for these patients is the focus of future studies.
A practical synthesis of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid
Authors: Zhang Mingguang , Bi Zhongbao , Wang Yunyun , Zhao Yuxun , Yang Yang , Zhu Yongqiang , Wang Shifa
Published: June 2020

A new and practical synthesis of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, a key intermediate for preparing antimicrobial 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid drugs, is synthesized from 2,4-difluoro-3-chlororobenzoic acid. The protocol involves nitration, esterification, reduction of NO2, diazotization, and hydrolysis with a 70% overall yield. The structures of the synthesized compounds are determined by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The advantages of this developed synthetic strategy include an improved overall yield and readily controllable reaction conditions.
Flexor digitorum profundus with or without flexor digitorum superficialis tendon repair in acute Zone 2B injuries
Authors: Sadek Ahmed F.
Published: June 2020

A total of 53 patients with complete cuts of two flexor tendons in Zone 2B treated over a 9-year period was reviewed. Twenty-three patients (28 fingers) had only flexor digitorum profundus repair, while 30 patients (36 fingers) had both flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis repairs, with a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 12–84). The decision to repair the flexor digitorum superficialis was made according to intraoperative judgement of ease of repair and gliding of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Two groups of patients showed no significant differences in total range of active or passive digital motion and power grip percentage to the contralateral hand. However, the values of power grip were statistically superior in the patients with both tendons repaired. The patients after flexor digitorum profundus-only repairs showed significantly greater but still mild flexion contracture (mean 20 °) of the operated digits. The Tang gradings were the same with 89% good and excellent rates in both groups. The conclusion is that although repair of both flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons is slightly more preferable based on increased grip strength, the repair of the flexor digitorum superficialis together with flexor digitorum profundus is not mandatory. Whether or not to repair flexor digitorum superficialis is an intraoperative decision based on the ease of gliding of the repaired tendon(s).

Level of evidence: III
Total trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty using wide awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet
Authors: Larsen Lotte P. , Hansen Torben B.
Published: June 2020

We conducted a descriptive study of 50 consecutive cases of total trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty by one surgeon using wide awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet to assess the usefulness and reliability of the anaesthesia, any adverse effects and patient acceptance. No difference was found when comparing the duration of surgery with 50 cases of total trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty inserted in a bloodless field under general or regional anaesthesia by the same surgeon. Wide awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet was found to be useful in providing adequate anaesthesia and haemostasis, and to be reliable and safe with no adverse effects. Patient satisfaction was high with 100% willing to repeat. Overall, wide awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet was a satisfactory method of anaesthesia for trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty with the potential for significant benefits to both patient and surgeon compared with traditional general anaesthesia and regional block.

Level of evidence: II
Integrin alpha-5 silencing leads to myofibroblastic differentiation in IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts
Authors: Shochet Gali Epstein , Brook Elizabetha , Bardenstein-Wald Becky , Grobe Hanna , Edelstein Evgeny , Israeli-Shani Lilach , Shitrit David
Published: June 2020

Background and objective:

The term ‘fibroblast’ covers a heterogeneous cell population in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The fibroblasts are considered as main effector cells, because they promote disease progression by releasing exaggerated amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and modifying cell microenvironment. As IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts (IPF-HLFs) were shown to express higher levels of integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) than normal derived HLFs (N-HLFs), we explored the importance of ITGA5 to IPF progression.

Methods:

IPF-HLF and N-HLF primary cultures were established. ITGA5 was silenced by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)s and its effects on cell phenotype (e.g. cell number, size, cell death, migration) and gene expression (e.g. RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR], western blot and immunofluorescence) were tested. Specific integrin expression was evaluated in IPF patient formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results:

ITGA5-silencing resulted in reduced IPF-HLF proliferation rates and cell migration ( p < 0.05), as well as elevated cell death. transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) targets (e.g. Fibronectin (FN1), Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), TGFB1) were surprisingly elevated following ITGA5 silencing ( p < 0.05). N-HLFs, however, were only slightly affected. Interestingly, ITGA5-silenced cells differentiated into myofibroblasts (e.g. elevated alpha-smooth muscle actin [αSMA], collagen1a, large cell size). RNA-sequencing revealed that following differentiation on 3D-Matrigel for 24 h, ITGA5 levels are reduced while integrin alpha-8 (ITGA8) are elevated in IPF-HLFs. This was confirmed in IPF patients, in which ITGA5 was mainly found in fibroblastic foci, while ITGA8 was mostly observed in old fibrous tissue in the same patient.

Conclusions:

ITGA5 expression facilitates a more aggressive proliferative phenotype. Downregulation of this integrin results in myofibroblastic differentiation, which is accompanied by elevated ITGA8. Specific targeting could present a therapeutic benefit.
MILO Mobile: An iPad App to Measure Search Performance in Multi-Target Sequences
Authors: Thornton Ian M. , Horowitz Todd S.
Published: June 2020

This article introduces a mobile app version of the Multi-Item Localization (MILO) task. The MILO task was designed to explore the temporal context of search through a sequence and has proven useful in both basic and applied research settings. Here, we describe the basic features of the app and how it can be obtained, installed, and modified. We also provide example data files and present two new sets of empirical data to verify that previous findings concerning prospective planning and retrospective memory (i.e., inhibitory tagging) are reproducible with the app. We conclude by discussing ongoing studies and future modifications that illustrate the flexibility and potential of the MILO Mobile app.
Contact tracing: Unearthing key epidemiological features of COVID-19
Authors: Ish Pranav , Agrawal Sumita , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Gupta Nitesh
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 is an emerging global pandemic with a steady rise in both morbidity and mortality over the past few months. Contact tracing of COVID-19 patients is an essential task to mitigate the spread. The following case was one of the initial patients reported from India and details the importance of contact tracing, timely testing and adequate quarantine/isolation in disease control.
Multifaceted Role of Job Embeddedness Within Organizations: Development of Sustainable Approach to Reducing Turnover Intention
Authors: Shah Imran Ahmed , Csordas Tamas , Akram Umair , Yadav Amit , Rasool Hassan
Published: June 2020

This study aims to explore the significance of job embeddedness (JE) theory and practices to reducing employee turnover and then suggest future research directions. It also reviews the systematic development of JE theory and its relationship with different workplace theories. A comprehensive content analysis, including a systematic review of articles published between 2008 and 2018, is conducted to understand the extensive role of JE in the workplace. A total of 108 research papers published in various high-ranking journals are selected for further analysis. To identify the mediating role of JE in the service and manufacturing industry, most of the existing studies focus on turnover intention, organizational commitment, employee engagement, and job satisfaction. However, many other key areas, which can be linked to JE to understand and evaluate the theory of organizational and employee behavior, are ignored in the literature. In this study, a further understanding of JE is suggested to be expanded in accordance with various elements of organization and employee theories, such as job design, job burnout, and role performance. This study contributes to the literature by further expanding JE theory and proposing a comprehensive JE framework that researchers and practitioners can adopt in future research.
Workplace Violence and Employee Engagement: The Mediating Role of Work Environment and Organizational Culture
Authors: Saleem Zohra , Shenbei Zhou , Hanif Ayaz Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Employees working across all domains of professions are exposed to workplace violence (WPV). Few researchers have investigated the effects of WPV on employee engagement (EE) and the impact of the work environment and organizational culture on their relationship. The aim of this research is to describe the effect of WPV on EE and clarify the relationship between WPV, work environment, organizational culture, and EE. A cross-sectional study was performed on the data, collected from 178 alumni of a university, currently employed in caring, customer care, managerial, and technology professions in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey post hoc tests were employed for data analysis. The results showed that 88.7% of respondents had experienced WPV during the last 12 months. Significant differences existed in the work-related harassment and physical violence reported by occupational groupings. WPV had a significant direct negative effect on EE (β = −.556**), work environment (β = −.440) and organizational culture (β = −.758**). Furthermore, the work environment (β = −.123**) and organizational culture (β = −.157**) have a significant negative effect on EE, and both mediated the relationship between WPV and EE. The results show that employees working in caring and customer care are exposed to considerable risk of WPV. The findings underscore that a supportive work environment and positive organizational culture play a mediating role between WPV and EE among employees.
Turned Upside Down: The Role of New York Patient Experience Leaders During COVID-19
Authors: Gierlinger Sven , Barden Agnes , Giammarinaro Nicole
Published: June 2020

At the epicenter of the COVID-19 crisis, New York’s largest health system, Northwell Health, leveraged leadership and innovation to ensure the health and well-being of patients, families, and employees. During this unprecedented time, the role of patient experience leader constantly morphed and transformed to meet the ever-changing needs of the community and organization. This dedicated group of leaders, supported by the Northwell Corporate Office of Patient & Customer Experience, focused primarily on remotely connecting patients and families, harnessing the power of positivity as a crisis strategy and supporting the emotional health of the frontline staff.
Current State of Transgender Medical Education in the United States and Canada: Update to a Scoping Review
Authors: Nolan Ian T , Blasdel Gaines , Dubin Samuel N , Goetz Teddy G , Greene Richard E , Morrison Shane D
Published: June 2020

Background:

The published literature on education about transgender health within health professions curricula was previously found to be sporadic and fragmented. Recently, more inclusive and holistic approaches have been adopted. We summarize advances in transgender health education.

Methods:

A 5-stage scoping review framework was followed, including a literature search for articles relevant to transgender health care interventions in 5 databases (Education Source, LGBT Source, MedEd Portal, PsycInfo, PubMed) from January 2017 to September 2019. Search results were screened to include original articles reporting outcomes of educational interventions with a transgender health component that included MD/DO students in the United States and Canada. A gray literature search identified continuing medical education (CME) courses from 12 health professional associations with significant transgender-related content.

Results:

Our literature search identified 966 unique publications published in the 2 years since our prior review, of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Novel educational formats included interdisciplinary interventions, post-residency training including CME courses, and online web modules, all of which were effective in improving competencies related to transgender health care. Gray literature search resulted 15 CME courses with learning objectives appropriate to the 7 professional organizations who published them.

Conclusions:

Current transgender health curricula include an expanding variety of educational intervention formats driven by their respective educational context, learning objectives, and placement in the health professional curriculum. Notable limitations include paucity of objective educational intervention outcomes measurements, absence of long-term follow-up data, and varied nature of intervention types. A clear best practice for transgender curricular development has not yet been identified in the literature.
Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies
Authors: Chandratre Sonal
Published: June 2020

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread across the world, it is also adversely affecting medical student education. In addition, COVID-19 poses several challenges to medical students’ physical and mental health and their professional identity formation. Medical students are experiencing increasing anxiety due to the COVID-19 disruption. Medical students show higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation, and stigmatization around depression and are less likely to seek support. It is therefore important to safeguard their mental health and implement effective strategies to support their educational, physical, mental, and professional well-being.
Fostering place-based coalitions between social movements and science for sustainable urban environments: A case of embedded agency
Authors: Ramirez Matias , Estevez Javier Hernando Garcia , Goyeneche Oscar Yandy Romero , Rodriguez Claudia E Obando
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper is to contribute to an important debate concerning the interaction between place-based social movements and the science, technology and innovation system. Our central proposition is that place-based social movements can facilitate unique local heterogeneous alliances with key actors of the science and technology system. A process of bricolage can emerge from these alliances whereby social movements are supported by the technical knowledge of the science community, and in turn, the priorities of the scientists are influenced by the agendas of the social movements, leading to new forms of knowledge production. We build on this to argue that these place-based engagements can create significant agency towards changes in socio-technical and socio-ecological systems in urban environments, especially in societies where regulatory oversight is weaker and social movements in areas that overlap science, technology and innovation are a common expression of civil society demand for change. Our argument is developed through a study of a social movement in defence of an urban wetland in Bogota.
Spectacle, tourism and the performance of everyday geopolitics
Authors: Miller Jacob C , Casino Vincent Del
Published: June 2020

In recent years scholars have explored the geopolitics of spectacle in exciting ways. While tourism presents a rich opportunity to think about the intersection of geopolitics and spectacle, only a small but growing number of researchers have explored this area where state-society relations unfold in complex ways. This article draws on this work and other traditions in feminist political geography and non-representational theories to explore the embodied geopolitics of a festival and its tourist landscape in the city of Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. As such, we glimpse a complex set of geopolitical relations at play in the multiple spaces of the Yii Peng Festival. A closer look at the Festival with the theoretical tools proposed here helps reveal ongoing geopolitical forces that shape its many contours, including a multiplicity of difference.
Embodying the nation, representing the state: Performativity of police work in the Franco-Romanian bilateral agreement
Authors: Vrăbiescu Ioana
Published: June 2020

The French police and Romanian forces seek to identify, surveil and control Romanian citizens who are suspected to be ‘irregular migrants’ or ‘criminals’ in France. The two states sealed a bilateral agreement to deploy Romanian police forces on French territory: twice a year Romanian uniformed officers patrol next to the French police, whereas liaison officers work throughout the year in several French police units. Policing its own citizens on another state territory becomes part of police work in the EU, a police model encouraged and criticized at the same time.

This article engages in debates on geographies of policing and cross-national policing in the context of EU citizens’ deportation. It problematizes the ‘imagined’ and ‘fictional’ in nation, state and police work instead of the claimed management, control, and law enforcement. It scrutinizes the role of performativity in the work of Romanian and French joint police forces. It documents cultural organization of the police in France and Romania, and it empirically explores personal positions in Franco-Romanian police forces working together in the Paris region. This article aims to evidence the cultural, social and institutional dynamics within transnational policing played out against the background of a bilateral mission.
Prostitutes of Kabari Bazar, Meerut and the Bachchra Community in Neemuch
Authors: Irani Raul
Published: June 2020

Prostitution is currently a contentious issue in India where they are estimated to be in the range of over 2 million female sex workers. Majority of them venture into prostitution due to lack of resources to support themselves or their children. Most do not choose this profession out of choice, but they do it due to necessity. Such is a case in Meerut Kabari Bazaar, that is, Junk Market where people trade in all kinds of goods from spices, clothes, grocery and also sex.
The Differential Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Segments of Students
Authors: Shneor Rotem , Smith J. Brock , Smith Claudia G. , Michael Goedecke Jann Fabian
Published: June 2020

Inconclusive prior research on the effects of entrepreneurship education may be an aggregation artefact because student subjects were assumed to be homogenous. Accordingly, we examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on student intention, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship among theoretically relevant sub-groups of Norwegian business students. We find that at aggregate level, self-efficacy increases while attitude towards entrepreneurship and intentions remain unchanged. However, on closer examination we find that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship increase for some subgroups of students, decrease for other subgroups of students, and have opposite, cancelling, changes for still others. Such unmasking of the true effects of entrepreneurship education helps ensure that pedagogy, funding, and public policy decisions are made appropriately.
Rapid adoption of resilience strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: LeCraw Florence R
Published: June 2020

Due to the unique challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid spread infection, healthcare providers caring for these patients are experiencing high levels of anxiety and stress. This can be overwhelming, resulting in mental anguish and loss of productivity during a period when the demand for healthcare is high. Medical facilities need to adopt and quickly enact evidence-based practices that are designed to keep their workforce resilient. Successful implementation of a new practice during a pandemic is challenging. This paper describes how the Medical Association of Georgia is adapting and using “Diffusion of Innovation Science” techniques to formulate their guidelines and help Georgia’s medical facilities implement evidence-based practices during the pandemic.
Analysis of structural variants in four African cichlids highlights an association with developmental and immune related genes
Authors: Penso-Dolfin Luca , Man Angela , Mehta Tarang , Haerty Wilfried , Di Palma Federica
Published: June 2020

Background

East African lake cichlids are one of the most impressive examples of an adaptive radiation. Independently in Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, and Malawi, several hundreds of species arose within the last 10 million to 100,000 years. Whereas most analyses in cichlids focused on nucleotide substitutions across species to investigate the genetic bases of this explosive radiation, to date, no study has investigated the contribution of structural variants (SVs) in the evolution of adaptive traits across the three Great Lakes of East Africa.

Results

Here, we annotate and characterize the repertoires and evolutionary potential of different SV classes (deletion, duplication, inversion, insertions and translocations) in four cichlid species: Haplochromis burtoni, Metriaclima zebra, Neolamprologus brichardi and Pundamilia nyererei. We investigate the patterns of gain and loss evolution for each SV type, enabling the identification of lineage specific events. Both deletions and inversions show a significant overlap with SINE elements, while inversions additionally show a limited, but significant association with DNA transposons. Inverted regions are enriched for genes regulating behaviour, or involved in skeletal and visual system development. We also find that duplicated regions show enrichment for genes associated with “antigen processing and presentation” and other immune related categories. Our pipeline and results were further tested by PCR validation of selected deletions and inversions, which confirmed respectively 7 out of 10 and 6 out of 9 events.

Conclusions

Altogether, we provide the first comprehensive overview of rearrangement evolution in East African cichlids, and some important insights into their likely contribution to adaptation.
Supporting women who develop poor postnatal mental health: what support do fathers receive to support their partner and their own mental health?
Authors: Mayers Andrew , Hambidge Sarah , Bryant Olivia , Arden-Close Emily
Published: June 2020

Background

Research regarding support provided for poor maternal postnatal mental health (such as depression, anxiety disorders, and postpartum psychosis) is relatively common. Fathers appear to play an important role supporting partners but many feel alienated within maternity services. Research focusing on fathers is less common.

Methods

The current qualitative study aimed to investigate fathers’ experience of support provided to fathers, to help support their partner should she experience poor postnatal mental health.

Results

Twenty-five fathers participated in an online questionnaire regarding their experience of their partner’s poor postnatal mental health and the support provided to fathers to help her. Thematic analysis revealed three main themes and seven sub-themes. The themes were: ‘Support received to help support their partner’, ‘Support fathers wanted that was not received’ and ‘Father’s mental health’. The results highlight an overall lack of support for many fathers, despite many wanting support on how to help their partner, information on their own mental health and the services available. Fathers specifically wanted healthcare professionals to sign-post them to someone they can talk to for emotional support, and to be taught coping strategies which would help them to support both their partner and baby.

Conclusions

The findings from this study suggest that health professionals and perinatal mental health services need a better understanding about what resources fathers need to support the mental health of themselves and their partner.
Applying critical systems thinking to social prescribing: a relational model of stakeholder “buy-in”
Authors: Fixsen Alison , Seers Helen , Polley Marie , Robins Jo
Published: June 2020

Background

Social prescribing (SP) allows health professionals to refer primary care patients toward health and wellbeing interventions and activities in the local community. Now widely implemented across the UK and adopted in other nations, questions arise concerning the modelling of present and future schemes, including challenges to full engagement encountered by stakeholders, which lie beyond the scope of traditional evaluations. Critical Systems Thinking (CST) allows for holistic analysis of fields where multiple stakeholders hold diverse interests and unequal power.

Methods

We use CST to (a) critically examine a developing rural social prescribing scheme from multiple stakeholder perspectives and (b) present a relational model for local social prescribing schemes. Our fieldwork included 24 in-depth interviews, regular planning meetings with key stakeholders, and discussions with those involved with national and international SP landscaping. A modified grounded theory approach was used for the analysis, and to consider the core elements of social prescribing sustainability.

Results

Our study confirms that local social prescribing schemes must operate with numerous stakeholder interests in mind, seeking to address real life social complexity and offer integrated solutions to multifaceted issues. Three main areas are discussed: holistic vision and boundary judgments; barriers and facilitators; relational issues and “emotional buy in”. Problems for staff include selecting suitable clients, feedback and technological issues and funding and evaluation pressures. Barriers for clients include health, transport and expense issues, also lack of prior information and GP involvement. Emotional “buy-in” emerged as essential for all stakeholders, but hard to sustain. Based on our findings we propose a positive relational model comprising shared vision, confidence and commitment; motivation and encouragement, support and wellbeing focus, collaborative relationships, communication and feedback, access to information /resources, learning in and from action, with emotional “buy-in” at its heart.

Conclusion

Those implementing social prescribing in different localities inevitably face hard choices about what and whom to include. Research on the sustainability of social prescribing remains limited, studies are required to ascertain which “holistic” models of social prescribing work best for which communities, who are the main beneficiaries of these approaches and how “buy-in” is best sustained.