bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Microalgae-Activated Sludge (Mas) Growth Performance in Lab-Scale Photobioreactor at Outdoor Environmental Condition for Wastewater Biotreatment
Authors: James Abraham Olamilekan , Bankole Abayomi Oluwatobiloba , Pompei Caroline Moço Erba , Dantas Gustavo Alencar Silva Almeida , Ruas Graziele , Da Silva Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro
Published: November 2023

Increased volume of untreated and inadequately treated municipal wastewater undermines the circular economy potential of wastewater resources, particularly in low-income region. This present study focused on and evaluated the performance of native microalgae-activated sludge (MAS) growth for tertiary treatment of anaerobically digested wastewater from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) in an outdoor lab-scale photobioreactors (2 L). Seven conditions with distinct inoculum concentrations were operated in batch mode in triplicate for 5-days hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 11.5:12.5 Photo-hours. MAS inoculum concentration influenced treatment outcome. The best performance was observed in MAS concentration 0.10/0.20 g L-1, with cell density count (2.03 x 107 cells mL-1), biomass productivity 0.125 g TSS L-1 d-1 and total phosphorus uptake (85.07%), total nitrogen uptake (66.14%). Logarithmic removal (Log-Re) of bacterial pathogens (water quality indicators) showed Log-Re ((3.4 for total coliforms (1.37E+02 CFU 100 mL-1) and 4.7 for Escherichia coli (0.00E+00 CFU 100 mL-1)). Results revealed optimum remediation performance and nutrients’ recovery potential with appropriate inoculum concentration, in admiration to advancing the science of circular economy.
Advances of Protein Palmitoylation in Tumor Cell Deaths
Authors: Lin Xiangyi , Shi Yuxuan , Zhan Yuxin , Xing Yuying , Li Yu , Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Guoan
Published: November 2023

In this comprehensive survey, we delve into the multifaceted role of palmitoylation across vari-ous cell death modalities in the oncological context. From its intricate correlations with tumor-igenesis, steered by the DHHC family, to the counter-process of depalmitoylation mediated by enzymes like PPT1. Innovations in detection methodologies have paralleled our growing under-standing, transitioning from rudimentary techniques to sophisticated modern methods. Central to our discourse are agents like GNS561 and DC661, promising heralds in palmitoylation-targeted cancer therapy. Collectively, this review accentuates palmitoylation's transformative potential in oncology, foreshadowing groundbreaking therapeutic strategies and deepening our molecular comprehension of cancer dynamics.
First Report and Pathogenicity of Vibrio campbellii (VCAHPND) Isolated in South Korea
Authors: Choi Hee-Jae , Choi Da-Yeon , Lee Ji-Hoon , Kim Jun-Hwan , Kang Yue Jai
Published: November 2023

The global shrimp farming industry is impacted by various infectious diseases, leading to marked production losses. Virulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains (VPAHPND) and other Vibrio species cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. We isolated a binary toxin PirA/B-bearing V. campbellii strain (HJ-2023) from a Korean shrimp farm. The biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of HJ-2023 were analyzed and compared to those of PirA/B-bearing VPAHPND. Non-AHPND-causing V. campbellii was the control. The pathogenicity of each strain was analyzed in white-leg shrimp. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolated HJ-2023 strain as V. campbellii. Biochemical tests confirmed distinct properties of HJ-2023, compared to the genetically similar V. harveyi group. The AHPND-causing toxin gene of HJ-2023 showed 100% similarity to the rpoD gene of VCAHPND. An antibiotic disc susceptibility test indicated that HJ-2023 showed resistance to ampicillin, clindamycin, lincomycin, and erythromycin, which is effective against gram-positive bacteria, and showed weak sensitivity to gentamycin. Furthermore, HJ-2023 was 25% less toxic than VPAHPND but could be lethal during aquaculture-related outbreaks. These results highlight the complexity and virulence of AHPND-causing strains through multiple pathways and confirm the pathogenicity of V. campbellii, which increases the risk posed by AHPND to shrimp aquaculture. Our findings could help prevent AHPND.
Interpretation of Gravitational Data from Past Martian Missions
Authors: Affatato Vincent
Published: November 2023

Gravitational data are the only ones able to provide otherwise hidden details of what happens below the surface. In this paper, several models are implemented to constrain them with the outer structure of Mars: firstly a Bouguer inversion to reduce gravitational residual, obtaining a crustal depth in the range 23.19-94.56 km. Successively, it was considered an Airy model providing for local buoyancy. Given that its configuration does not permit to evaluate properly the different flexural responses of the lithosphere, and that it overcompensates for the crust of the highest volcanic conformations, a flexural response function was used to filter this model. It uses the lithosphere elastic thickness T_e to scale especially the short wavelengths, correcting for local phenomena. Finally, an optimization was implemented to find the best-fitting values for T_e, using both an infinite plate and a thin shell approximation, and then obtain a global map for crustal density and thickness. Even if the Martian dichotomy is basically confirmed by all the models, along with the well-known anomalies localized at the major basin craters and volcanic Paterae, the Bouguer model supplies the best representation of the state-of-the-art knowledge about the outer layers of Mars and with further improvements can represent a future benchmark for the research on the Red Planet.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated as a Foodborne Pathogen From Some Dairy Products in Libya
Authors: Azwai Salah M. , Lawila Aml F. , Eshamah Hanan L. , Sherif Jihan A. , Farag Samira A. , Naas Hesham T. , Garbaj Aboubaker M. , EL Salabi Allaaeddin A. , Gammoudi Fatim T. , Eldaghayes Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of clinical and asymptomatic mastitis in dairy cattle, also in milk and dairy products affecting its quality. Mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae is even more serious due to its poor response to antibiotic therapy. This study was conducted to detect and identify the presence of K. pneumoniae in milk and dairy products. A total of 234 samples were randomly collected from various locations in Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of K. pneumoniae by conventional cultural techniques that included cultivation in violet red bile agar plus 4-methylumbelliferyl-ß-D-glucuronide (VRBA + MUG) broth, and CHROM agar followed by identification by PCR and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA. Out of the 234 samples of milk and dairy products collected, 16 (6.8%) of the isolates revealed mucoid colonies on agar media phenotypically suggested to be K. pneumoniae. The isolates identification was confirmed by molecular techniques (16S rRNA). Among examined samples, K. pneumoniae was recovered from she camel’s milk, raw cow’s milk, raw fermented milk, Maasora cheese, Ricotta cheese, soft cheese, full cream milk powder, milk powder infant formula, cereal baby food and growing up formula. From the 16 K. pneumoniae isolates; antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 12 isolates, the results showed that K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to more than 8 antibiotics, interestingly, two isolates revealed MBL production. This study emphasized the relationship between K. pneumoniae and raw milk, cheese, milk powder and infant milk retailed in Libya, which is considered as a risk for human health as many of these products did not comply with microbiological criteria of international and/or Libyan standards. The necessary precautions have to be taken to carry out effective sanitary practices during the production in dairy plants, handling and distribution in the markets particularly at local small manufacture scale.
Modelling Habitat Suitability of Luciola cruciata Based on Local Landscape Features
Authors: Ogami Tomoya , Fukuda Shinji , Kakudo Hirofumi , Sidle Roy
Published: November 2023

The Genji firefly is a key symbol of the conservation and management of rural environments. The species lives underwater as larvae, in the soil when they pupate, and emerges on the ground as adults. Because of the large differences in habitat conditions between larvae and adults, the habitat requirements of the Genji firefly must be clarified over a wide range, from the instream to the surrounding riparian environment. In this study, we built a habitat suitability model for the Genji firefly by relating local landscape features to the number of individuals surveyed in a small river in an agricultural watershed. For habitat suitability modelling, tree-based machine learning methods, namely Random Forests (RF) and classification and regression trees (CART), are used to model species distributions and extract quantitative information on their ecological characteristics. Because the model performance on the test dataset was poor, we removed noisy absences using model outputs from the RF computation using the entire dataset. As a result, we observed improved model performance, in which there seems to be an optimal level for removing noisy absences. Variable importance and partial dependence plots were then used to visualize the relationship between the local landscape features and habitat suitability of the adult firefly. Detailed information on landscape features extracted using RF and CART is useful for a deeper understanding of the ecology of the Genji fireflies.
Occurrence of Picobirnavirus in Domestic and Wild Animals from Three Cities of Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Chagas Elaine Hellen Nunes , Da Silva Julia Rezende , Barros Bruno de Cássio Veloso de , Duarte Júnior José Wandilson Barboza , Santos Fabiolla da Silva dos , Sousa Júnior Edivaldo Costa , Bezerra Delana Andreza Melo , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Castro Ceyla Maria Oeiras de , Malik Yashpal Singh , Mascarenhas Joana D’Arc Pereira
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to detect picobirnavirus (PBV) in the fecal samples of wild and domestic animals from 2014 to 2016 in the Amazon biome. Fecal samples from different animals, including birds (n=41) and mammals (n=217) were used. The PAGE test showed negativity for PBV. However, 32 samples (12.4%, 32/258) showed positive results in RT-PCR analyses. Among the positive sam-ples, pigs and cats, both with 28.12% (9/32), registered the highest frequencies. In phylogenetic analysis, eight sequences from positive samples grouped in the Genogroup 1 of PBV (PBV GI). PBV occurrence was significantly related to cats and pigs, but not other mammals or birds, in-dependently of their geographical origin. Nucleotide analysis demonstrated similarity among the feline group, but the absence of a defined structure between the clades. PBVs are highly wide-spread viruses that can affect the most diverse types of hosts in the Amazon biome, including humans.
Modification of Oxygen Production of Algal Cells in the Presence of O-chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile, Biodegradation in the Eco-Friendly Way
Authors: Gheorghe Viorel , Gheorghe Catalina Gabriela , Popovici Daniela Roxana , Mihai Sonia , Elena Dragomir Raluca , Şomoghi Raluca
Published: November 2023

Chemical substances such us CS-gas used in military operations are chemical compounds that present a series of peculiarities that affect the ecosystem by disrupting the ecological balance. This study evaluated the toxicological character of O-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile (CBM), (substance present in CS-gas) on the algae Cholrella sp. and analyzed the toxicity limit and the response of the microorganism to the oxidative stress caused by this substance. In order to under-stand the toxicological mechanisms of CBM on algal culture, a series of parameters were analyzed such as: the cell growth curve, the average specific growth rate (µ), percent inhibition in yield(I%), dry cell weight (DCW), percent viability and productivity of algal biomass flocculation activity(FA), change in oxygen production. The content of chlorophyll pigments, was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fluorescence spectroscopy and analysis of the surface structure of algal cells by SEM spectroscopy. This study aims to provide fundamental data for understanding the toxicity of CBM to aquatic organisms and provides a basis for assessing the potential for impact on aquatic ecosystems. The results obtained could be taken into account in the management of the decontamination of the affected areas.
Defending the Digital Frontier: IDPS and the Battle Against Cyber Threat
Authors: Azam Hamza , Dulloo Mohammad Irfan , Majeed Muhammad Hassan , Hui Wan Janelle Phang , Xin Lee Tong , Tajwar Muhammed Ahnaf , Sindiramutty Siva Raja
Published: November 2023

The ever-evolving landscape of technology continually drives the demand for more robust and secure systems. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IPS) play a pivotal role in safeguarding digital infrastructures. IPS harnesses a blend of cutting-edge technologies, specifically Network-Based, Wireless-Based, and Host-Based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), to fortify network security. This multifaceted approach enhances the system's capacity to scrutinize incoming data and network traffic, effectively reducing the risk of intrusion. In the realm of malicious activity detection, IPS employs a diverse array of techniques and mechanisms. Our proposed IPS integrates both anomaly-based and signature-based analysis approaches. In signature-based analysis, intrusions are identified by matching data collected from various activities with pre-defined signatures, employing rule-based methods to detect anomalies effectively. In the anomaly-based analysis approach, the system juxtaposes current activities with a baseline of normal behaviour to flag any deviations. This is achieved through distance-based methods, ensuring a well-rounded approach to threat detection. Our comprehensive prevention system encompasses a suite of security measures, including anti-virus software, Deep Packet Inspection, and Quarantine. These components work in synergy to detect and thwart malicious activities effectively. Even when concealed or hidden, the IPS remains a reliable sentinel, ensuring the integrity of your digital ecosystem. This review delves into the intricate web of terminologies and concepts surrounding Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, shedding light on the evolving technology landscape and the critical role IPS plays in bolstering cybersecurity.
Decreased Volumes of Selected Cortical and Limbic Structures of the Brain Are Associated with Post-stroke Cognitive and Affective Disorders: Multiple Hit Scenarios?
Authors: Zhanina Marina Y , Druzhkova Tatyana A , Ierusalimsky Nikolay V , Vladimirova Elena E , Eremina Natalia N. , Guekht Alla B. , Gulyaeva Natalia V.
Published: November 2023

Post-stroke depressive disorders (PSD) and post-stroke cognitive impairments (PCI) are frequent consequences of ischemic stroke (IS). The study was focused on exploring possible associations between relative volumes of cortical and limbic brain structures during the acute period of IS, and changes in biochemical indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, sympathoadrenal medullary and inflammatory systems, with the development of PSD or PCI after mild or moderate IS. Patients developing PSD later on had significantly smaller relative volumes of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and temporal pole versus patients without depressive symptoms. PCI development was associated with significantly smaller volumes of temporal pole and supramarginal gyrus versus patients without cognitive changes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed higher likelihood of developing PSD in patients with smaller temporal pole volume (β0=10.9; β=-4.27; p=0.04) and increased salivary α-amylase activity (β0=-3.55; β=2.68e-05; p=0.02,). PCI likelihood was higher in patients with smaller supramarginal gyrus volume (β0=3.41; β=-0.99; p=0.047), smaller temporal pole volume (β0=3.41; β=-3.12; p=0. 06), and increased hair cortisol concentration at admission (index of accumulated stress load within a month before IS; β0=3.41; β=-0.05; p=0.08). The data support the hypothesis suggesting predisposition to PSD and PCI and multi hit scenarios of their pathogenesis with IS providing a final hit.
Intelligent Space Object Detect Driven by Space Object Data
Authors: Tang Qiang , Li Xiangwei , Xie Meilin , Zhen Jialiang
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of space programs in various countries, the number of satellites in space is increasing, resulting in an increasingly complex space environment. Therefore, improving space object identification technology has become highly important. We proposes a method of applying deep learning to intelligent detection of space object. We utilize 49 authentic 3D satellite models including 16 scenarios to generate a dataset comprising 17,942 images, which contains over 500 actual satellite photos. Additionally, we acquired a substantial amount of annotated data using a semi-automatic labeling method, which resulted in significant labor cost savings, and obtained a total of 39,000 labels. We validate the feasibility of the dataset using YOLOv3 and YOLOv7 models. What's more, we optimize the YOLOv7 model by integrating deformable convolution RepPoint into the YOLOv7 backbone to obtain the YOLOv7-R model. Through training with these two models, experimental results show that YOLOv3 achieves an accuracy of 0.927, YOLOv7 reaches an accuracy of 0.964, and YOLOv7-R achieves the highest accuracy at 0.983. This provides an effective solution for intelligent space object detection.
Preparation and Characterization of Conductive/Self-Healing Resin Nanocomposites Based on Tetrafunctional Furan-Functionalized Aniline Trimer Modified Graphene
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Yichuan , Hu Su , Zhong Xiangyu , Bai Jiangbo , Zhang Yang , Bao Jianwen
Published: November 2023

The nanocomposites with reversible cross-linking covalent bonds were prepared by reacting furfurylamine (FA)-modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and furfuryl-functionalized aniline trimer-modified graphene (TFAT-G) with bismaleimide (BMI) via Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. The successful synthesis of the TFAT modifier is confirmed by NMR hydrogen spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy tests. The structure and properties of TFAT-G epoxy nanocomposites are characterized by SEM, DSC, tensile and resistivity CES. The results show that TFAT-G was uniformly dispersed in the resin, and 1wt% TFAT-G composites increase to 233% for tensile strength, 63% for elongation at break, 66.1% for modulus and 7.8℃ for Tg. Overall, the graphene/self-healing resin nanocomposites have both good self-healing function and electrical conductivity by adding 1% modified graphene and still maintain the original 83% strength and 89% electrical conductivity after one cycle of heating repair.
Fostering Resilience and Wellness: The Synergy of Mindful Eating and the Mediterranean Lifestyle
Authors: Christodoulou Efstratios , Deligiannidou Georgia-Eirini , Kontogiorgis Christos , Giaginis Constantinos , Koutelidakis Antonios Ε.
Published: November 2023

Increasing evidence indicates that the cultivation of mindful eating, adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle, and the development of psychological resilience may contribute to the enhancement of overall health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between mindful eating and the Mediterranean lifestyle in relation to psychological resilience and the maintenance of a healthy weight. In a framework of a cross-sectional study, 288 individuals voluntarily took part in an online research survey conducted in Greece. Results showed that both mindful eating and the Mediterranean diet were significantly correlated (p<0.001) with psychological resilience. Multiple regression models identified mindful eating and the Mediterranean diet as predictive factors of psychological resilience (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) intercorrelation between mindful eating, the Mediterranean diet and psychological resilience. Following the application of multiple regression model, mindful eating and Mediterranean diet were identified as predictive factors of psychological resilience (p<0.0001). Individuals with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) displayed stronger adherence to mindful eating and the Mediterranean lifestyle, in contrast to those classified in the overweight and obesity BMI groups. People with higher mindful eating scores had 14% better odds maintaining their weight loss after a weight reducing diet, than those with a lower mindful eating score (OR: 1.142, 95% CI: 1.084, 1.204, p <0.0001). In summary, the integration of mindful eating and the Mediterranean lifestyle may represent a feasible approach to bolstering psychological resilience, overall health, and well-being.
Critical Sample Size Analysis on Uncertainty Aerodynamic Evaluation for Compressor Blade With Stagger Angle Errors
Authors: Wang Haohao , Gao Limin , Wu Baohai
Published: November 2023

Many probability-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) schemes require a large amount of sampled data to build credible probability density function (PDF) models for uncertain parameters. Unfortunately, the data collected in compressor blades of aero-engine are mostly limited due to expensive and time-consuming tests. In this paper, we develop a preconditioner-based data-driven polynomial chaos (PDDPC) method that can efficiently deal with uncertainty propagation of limited sampled data. The calculation accuracy of PDDPC method is closely related to the sample size of collected data. Therefore, the influence of sample size on PDDPC method is investigated using a nonlinear test function. Subsequently, we consider the real manufacturing errors of stagger angle for compressor blades. Under three different operating conditions, PDDPC method is applied to investigate the effect of stagger angle error on UQ results of multiple aerodynamic parameters of a two-dimensional compressor blade. The results show that as the sample size of measured data increases, UQ results of aerodynamic performance obtained by PDDPC method gradually converge. There exists a critical sample size that ensures accurate UQ analysis of compressor blades. The probability information contained in the machining error data is analyzed through Kullback-Leibler divergence, and the critical sample size is determined. The research results can make a valuable reference for the fast and cheap UQ analysis of compressor blades in practical engineering.
The Immunogenicity of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Vaccine in Commercial and Subsistence Cattle Herds in Zambia
Authors: Banda Frank , Ludi Anna B , Wilsden Ginette , Browning Clare , Mooya Lynnfield , Ngoma Masuzyo , Muuka Geoffrey M , Mundia Cornelius , Fandamu Paul , Kangwa Henry L , Paton David J , King Donald P , Quan Melvyn
Published: November 2023

The recent introduction of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O (O/EA-2 topotype) in Southern Africa region has changed virus dynamics and the FMD vaccine requirements. This study describes an assessment of the heterologous antibody responses induced by O Manisa vaccine (three PD50/dose) against a representative O/EA-2 virus collected from an FMD outbreak in Zambia. Commercial and subsistence cattle herds were monitored following vaccination, where the benefits of employing a double vaccination schedule were compared to single-dose vaccination. Testing using virus neutralisation showed cattle that received two vaccine doses had a mean reciprocal log virus neutralisation titre of 2.02 (standard error [SE] = 0.16, n = 9) for commercial herds and 1.65 (SE = 0.17, n = 5) for subsistence herds , 56 days after first vaccination (dpv). Significantly lower mean titres were observed for single-dosed commercial herds (0.90, SE = 0.08, n = 9) and subsistence herds (1.15, SE = 0.18, n = 3), 56 dpv. Comparison of these results and those generated by solid-phase competitive ELISA by cohen’s kappa coefficient observed a statistically significant (ρ = 0.598 for 1:10 dilution, and ρ = 0.562 for 1:30 dilution of SPCE % inhibition results, p < 0.001 for both dilutions) positive correlation.
Exploring the Potential of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Incorporating Natural Ingredients for Enhanced Skin Benefits
Authors: Tören Elçin , Yalçınkaya Baturalp , Buzgo Matěj
Published: November 2023

This article presents a comprehensive overview of the utilisation of nanotechnology in the cosmetics industry, with a specific focus on developing nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of active ingredients through skin penetration. The review delves into incorporating natural ingredients in cosmetics, exploring their therapeutic properties and the advantages and limitations associated with their use. Furthermore, the article examines the benefits of integrating natural ingredients into skincare products to enhance skin conditions, highlighting the application of nonfibrous technology in areas such as UV protection, anti-ageing effects, moisturisation improvement, and wound healing. Ultimately, the article emphasises the immense potential of nanotechnology to create innovative opportunities and positive societal impacts across various industries.
Thermal Characteristics of Dry Gas Seal in Startup Process Considering Microscale Effects
Authors: Deng Qiangguo , Sun Xuejian , Xu Hengjie , Mao Wenyuan
Published: November 2023

The heat generated during the startup process of dry gas seals, such as the friction heat of the asperities, viscous shear heat, and the expansion heat of the gas film, easily leads to seal failure and endangers the stable operation of turbomachinery. This study combines the statistically modified contact model and the average Reynolds equation by considering the adiabatic index and the microscale effects of dry gas seals to explore the heat generation characteristics of dry gas seals formed in series at multiple times. In particular, the change laws and influencing factors among the components, including the friction heat of asperities and the shear heat and expansion heat of the gas film and total heat, are investigated. A comparative analysis indicates that the slip flow effect increases the total heat during the startup process. The friction heat is much greater than expansion heat and shear heat. Despite constant acceleration, exponential acceleration, or Harrision acceleration, the heat changes are uneven during the startup process. In particular, the heat changes sharply in the early stage and gently in the later stage. The Harrision acceleration mode is the most conducive to sealing stability.
The Antiviral Potential of AdipoRon, an Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, Reveals the Ability of Zika Virus to Deregulate Adiponectin Receptor Expression
Authors: El Safadi Daed , Lebeau Grégorie , Turpin Jonathan , Lefebvre d’Hellencourt Christian , Diotel Nicolas , Viranaicken Wildriss , Krejbich-Trotot Pascale
Published: November 2023

Zika Virus (ZIKV) is a pathogenic member of the flavivirus family, with several unique charac-teristics. Unlike any other arbovirus, ZIKV can be transmitted sexually and maternally, and thus produce congenital syndromes (CZS) due to its neurotropism. This challenges the search for safe active molecules that can protect pregnant women and their fetuses. In this context, and in the ab-sence of any existing treatment, it seemed worthwhile to test whether the known cytoprotective properties of adiponectin and its pharmacological analog, AdipoRon, could influence the outcome of ZIKV infection. We showed that both AdipoRon and adiponectin could significantly reduce in vitro infection of A549 epithelial cells, a well-known cell model for flaviviruses infection studies. This effect was particularly observed when a pre-treatment was carried out. Conversely, ZIKV revealed an ability to down-regulate adiponectin receptor expression and thereby limit adi-ponectin signaling.
The Effect of the Stringent Response and Oxidative Stress Response on Fitness Costs of De Novo Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Qi Wenxi , Katsavelis Drosos , De Leeuw Wim , Wortel Meike T. , Jonker Martijs J. , Ter Kuile Benno H.
Published: November 2023

Resistance evolution during exposure to non-lethal levels of antibiotics is influenced by various stress responses of bacteria which are known to affect growth rate. Here, we aim to disentangle how the interplay between resistance development and associated fitness costs is affected by stress responses. We performed de novo resistance evolution of wild-type strains and single-gene knockout strains in stress response pathways using four different antibiotics. Throughout resistance development, the increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is accompanied by a gradual decrease in growth rate, most pronounced with amoxicillin or kanamycin. By measuring biomass yield on glucose and whole-genome sequences at intermediate and final timepoints, we identified two patterns of how the stress responses affect the correlation between MIC and growth rate. First, single-gene knockout E. coli strains associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) acquire resistance faster and mutations related to antibiotic permeability and pumping out occur earlier. This increases the metabolic burden of resistant bacteria. Second, the ΔrelA knockout strain which has reduced (p)ppGpp synthesis, is restricted in its stringent response, leading to diminished growth rates. The ROS-related mutagenesis and the stringent response are vulnerabilities within the fitness of resistant strains that can possibly be targeted to prevent development of resistance.
Lumbar Pain in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Knowledge about Physiotherapeutic Methods of Combating
Authors: Odzimek Martyna , Brola Waldemar , Opara Józef
Published: November 2023

Background. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intensity and frequency of low back pain (LBP) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and the patient's knowledge of physiotherapeutic methods of combating.
Methods. In this study, patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis were selected. The study was carried out using an original survey questionnaire and a numerical pain intensity scale (Visual Analogue Scale). PwMS were divided into 3 age groups: 18-30 years, 31-50 years, and over 50 years.
Results. Ninety PwMS (68 women and 22 men) aged 18 to 60 years were included in the study. The mean duration of the disease was 9.5±4.9 years, and the mean EDSS was 3.5±1.6. Most of the patients had a relapse-remitting form. 68.9% of PwMS felt lower back pain (n = 62). The relationship tested was statistically significant (p=0.0000012), and the strength of the relationship was high (rc=0.695). The average level of low back pain among PwMS was 4.7 out of 10 on the VAS scale. The prevalence of LBP was higher in female patients (p<0.001), with a secondary progressive form (p<0.001) and with a longer duration of the disease (p=0.023). The most widely used methods of LBP therapy were kinesitherapy and manual therapy.
Conclusions. LBP is common in multiple sclerosis. A female sex, a secondary progressive form of MS, and a longer duration of the disease increased the risk of LBP. It is important to implement properly planned physiotherapy activities and educate patients on how to combat LBP.
The Evidence Behind Dietary Guidelines: Evolution, Consumers’ Trust and Perceptions
Authors: Agostoni Carlo , Boccia Stefania , Graffigna Guendalina , Joanne Slavin , Szajewska Hania
Published: November 2023

Dietary guidance to recommend food patterns to deliver nutrients has been well accepted for the past century. Foods to deliver essential nutrients and energy are needed across the life cycle and are dependent upon local industries and accepted cultural practices to deliver essential nutrients to prevent nutrient deficiency diseases. Since the 1980s, dietary guidelines to prevent chronic diseases have relied on epidemiological research to predict what dietary patterns are linked to reduced risk of chronic disease or links to health outcomes. Dietary guidelines have been broad, typically recommending avoiding “too much sugar”, “too much saturated fat”, and “too much sodium”. Efforts to fine tune these recommendations have met with limited scientific data to support more specific recommendations across the life cycle. Consumers have become skeptical of dietary guidelines as media coverage of new studies is often in conflict with accepted nutrition dogma. We discuss whether we really have a science-based databank to support dietary guidelines, based on a scientific session at the 10th International Conference on Nutrition and Growth.
Automatic Detection of Feral Pigeons in Urban Environment Using Deep Learning
Authors: Guo Zhaojin , He Zheng , Li Lyu , Mao Axiu , Huang Endai , Liu Kai
Published: November 2023

The overpopulation of feral pigeons in Hong Kong has significantly disrupted the urban ecosystem, highlighting the urgent need for effective strategies to control their population. In general, control measures should be implemented and re-evaluated periodically following accurate estimations of feral pigeon population in the concerned regions, which, however, is very difficult in urban envi-ronments due to the concealment and mobility of pigeons within complex building structures. With the advances in deep learning, computer vision can be a promising tool for pigeon monitoring and population estimation but has not been well investigated so far. Therefore, we propose an improved deep learning model based on Mask-RCNN (Swin-Mask R-CNN) for feral pigeon detection using computer vision techniques. Specifically, our model consists of a Swin transformer network (STN) as the backbone, a feature pyramid network (FPN) as the neck, and three decoupled detection heads. The STN is utilized to extract deep feature information of feral pigeons through local and cross-window attention mechanisms. The FPN is employed to fuse multi-scale features and enhance the multi-scale learning ability. Heads in the three branches are responsible for classification, pre-dicting best bounding boxes, and segmentation of feral pigeons, respectively. During the prediction phase, a Slicing Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI) tool is employed to zoom in on the feature infor-mation of small feral pigeon targets, and the segmentation head is frozen to expedite inference of large images. Experiments were conducted on feral pigeon dataset to evaluate model performance. The results reveal that our model is well-suited for detecting small targets in high-resolution images and achieves excellent recognition performance for feral pigeons with a mAP (mean average pre-cision) and an AP50 (average precision at 50% intersection over union) of 0.74 and 0.93, respectively. For small target feral pigeons, AP50 in small scale (AP50s) improved by 10% as compared to the Mask R-CNN (AP50s of 0.75), demonstrating its potential for dynamic pigeon detection and population estimation in the future.
Introduction of Plant Transposon Annotation for Beginners
Authors: Gao Dongying
Published: November 2023

Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that contribute large fractions of many plant genomes. They provide exclusive resources for tracking gene and genome evolution and for developing molecular tools for basic and applied research. Despite extensive efforts, it is still challenging to accurately annotate transposons, especially for the beginners as transposon prediction requires necessary expertise in both transposon biology and bioinformatics. Moreover, the complexity of plant genomes and the dynamic evolution of transposons also bring difficulties for genome-wide transposon discovery. This review summarizes the three major strategies for transposon detections including repeat-based, structure-based, and homology-based annotation, and introduces the transposon superfamilies identified in plants thus far, and some related bioinformatics resources for detecting plant transposons. Furthermore, it describes the transposon classification and explains why the terms of ‘autonomous’ and ‘non-autonomous’ cannot be used to classify the superfamilies of transposons. Last, this review also discusses how to identify misannotated transposons and improve the quality of transposon database. This review provides helpful information about plant transposons and a beginner’s guide on annotating these repetitive sequences.
Incorporation of Cellulose-Based Aerogels into the Textile Structure
Authors: Sozcu Sebnem , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Wiener Jakub , Tomkova Blanka , Militky Jiri , Mahmood Aamir
Published: November 2023

Given its exceptional attributes, aerogel is viewed as a material with immense potential. Being a natural polymer, cellulose offers the advantage of being both replenishable and capable of breaking down naturally. Cellulose-derived aerogels encompass the replenish ability, biocompatible nature, and ability to degrade naturally inherent in cellulose, along with additional benefits like minimal weight, extensive porousness, and expansive specific surface area. Even with increasing appreciation and acceptance, the undiscovered possibilities of aerogels within the textile sphere continue to be predominantly uninvestigated. In this context, we outline the latest advancements in the study of cellulose aerogel formulation and their diverse impacts on textile formations. Drawing from the latest studies, we reviewed the materials used for the creation of various kinds of cellulose-focused aerogels and their properties, analytical techniques, and multiple functionalities in relation to textiles. This comprehensive analysis extensively covers the diverse strategies employed to enhance the multi-functionality of cellulose-based aerogels in the textile industry. Additionally, we focused on the global market size of bio-derivative aerogels, companies in the industry producing goods, and prospects moving forward.
Chemical Composition and Genome Pattern as a Means of Identifying the Origin of Preserved Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum L.) in Poland
Authors: Bernaś Emilia , Słupski Jacek , Gębczyński Piotr , Ražná Katarína , Žiarovská Jana
Published: November 2023

In Poland, the mountainous and hilly regions until recently were territories with unbalanced and poor diet quality, especially in early spring. Wild edible plants were or still are influential in supplementing a human diet. One of the earliest wild edible plants to appear in the growing season, characteristic of a broad swath of Europe from Ukraine to Germany, remains wild (bear) garlic (Allium ursinum L.). This paper assesses the impact of the vegetation site and preservation methods on selected parameters of the chemical composition of bear garlic. In addition, the connection between its genome pattern and chemical composition was assessed. The plants were collected in three locations in the Carpathian foothills, and the reference sample was plants collected in the lowlands. The site from which the raw material was harvested has a statistically significant effect on the chemical composition of the preserved leaves of bear garlic. The profiles of the analysed components differed in the material from a different site. Bear garlic leaves from mountainous areas had more analyzed components than those obtained from the lowland sites. Moreover, the material from the lowlands had a different genetic pattern from the leaves from the mountainous areas..
Speaking Anxiety in Chinese Language Learning Among non-Chinese Learners in Malaysia 马来西亚非华裔生汉语口语焦虑调查
Authors: Ling TING Hie , Qi CHONG Pei , Chee LAM Kai , Sunarti Sunarti
Published: November 2023

Numerous studies indicate most of the foreign language learners experience certain level of anxiety and usually they experience anxiety in their speaking skills. Hence, this study examines the speaking anxiety in Chinese Language learning among non-Chinese Beginner learners from University Teknologi MARA (Sarawak). The questionnaire which was developed by Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1986) was used in this study. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the scores. The result revealed non-Chinese beginner learners experienced speaking anxiety in Chinese language learning. Majority of them experience a moderate level of speaking anxiety in Chinese language learning. The main factor that contributed to non-Chinese beginner learners’ speaking anxiety was communication apprehension. It was followed by test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation.
THE STATE OF FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Zaichenko Vladislav
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the topic of communicative competence of future specialists in foreign economic activity. The components of the communicative competence of a future specialist in foreign economic activity were determined, and the following were included: communicative skills, the ability to overcome communicative barriers, the ability to reflect and improve oneself in order to overcome intercultural obstacles. The psychodiagnostic tools for determining the level of development of the components of the communicative competence of a foreign economic activity specialist have been specified: KOS-2 (communicative and organizational tendencies), the ―Emotional barriers in interpersonal communication‖ method, the method of diagnosing the level of reflexivity, the―Meaning-life orientations‖ test. As a result of the empirical research, it was determined that only 8 % of respondents have a high level of communicative competence of future specialists in foreign economic activity, the majority of respondents demonstrated an average level of communicative competence development (64 %), a low level of communicative competence was determined in 28 % of respondents.
ACMEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Kipenskiy Andriy , Romanovskiy Olexandr , Ponomaryov Olexandr
Published: November 2023

It is shown that the increase in the specific weight of mental work and its creative nature increases the needs of society for the development of the intelligence of specialists. At the same time, the requirements for the content of the phenomenon of intelligence are changing. This refers to a systematic combination of professionalism and the general and professional culture of an intellectual and his professionally and socially significant personal traits and qualities. The article reveals the system of direct and inverse relationships of intelligence with the acme of a person as the highest level of his life achievements. This applies to both professional competence and personal self-realization. The need for the development and purposeful use of innovative pedagogical technologies, focused on the formation of students' desire to become real intellectuals and master the highest level of professionalism, is substantiated.
NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS A COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF FUTURE PEDAGOGUES OF A HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors: Romanovskiy Olexandr , Solodovnyk Tetіana , Ihnatiuk Olha , Yudina Anastasiia
Published: November 2023

The authors of the article have analyzed the concepts of “professional orientation”, “national consciousness”, defined the components of national consciousness, made a comparative analysis of the level of national consciousness between the candidates for second (Master's) degree of higher education, in specialties 011 “Educational, Pedagogical Sciences”, 053 “Psychology” and 035 “Philology” at the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF PREPARING FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR THE APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND GAME TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Khodakovska Alona
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the development and scientific substantiation of the structural and functional model of preparing future primary school teachers for the application of educational and game technologies in the educational process. The model of training future primary school teachers for the application of the educational and game technologies in the educational process is structured according to the organizational and target, content and functional, criterion and diagnostic and effective blocks and is based on civilizational, personality-oriented, activity-oriented, technological, synergistic, acmeological, and culturological approaches and general didactic and specific principles, contains motivational-goal-oriented, operational-activity and corrective-reflective components which are implemented through certain organizational and pedagogical conditions. It has been found that the targets for the implementation of the developed model are not only the acquisition of new professional knowledge by students, ways to improve pedagogical activities, but also the disclosure of their internal forces and reserves, creative potential, peculiarities of personal and professional self-fulfillment; awareness of the meaning and values of educational and game technologies, which are the core of professionalism and are the heart of the actions of professional teacher
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE FORMATION LEVEL OF FUTURE MANAGERS’ READINESS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kobets Valentyn , Mykhaylychenko Valentyna
Published: November 2023

The content of the concept of “readiness for professional activity” (RPA) is considered, a structural analysis of its components (value-motivational, cognitive-activity, personal, communicative components) is given. A pedagogical experiment to study the readiness of future managers for professional activity has been conducted. The content of diagnostic methods used during experimental work is revealed, their role in the learning process is highlighted. The diagnosis is based on criteria, indicators and their corresponding levels of formation of the RPA, which makes it possible to draw up a more objective picture of the current state of the investigated problem. An analysis of the dynamics of the structural components of the RPA during the experiment has been made, and the pedagogical conditions that help to activate the process of student training has been studied. Diagnosing the structural components of the RPA significantly activates the pedagogical cooperation between teachers and students. This is the process of their socio-psychological interaction, aimed at creating favorable conditions for self-knowledge, self-development and self-improvement of the individual
PERSONALITY SELF-PRESENTATION AS A FLEXIBLE SKILL: THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODOLOGY
Authors: Bogdan Zhanna
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the phenomenon of self-presentation of the individual as a flexible human skill. Foreign studies that reveal the essence of this concept are theoretically analyzed. The leading functions of self-presentation are described, which include the nature of the social situation, the role function, receiving material and social rewards, and the identification function. The factors of self-presentation are determined: situational variables that influence the motivation to create an impression; familiarity with the audience, social acuity, behavioral skills. Several classifications of personality self-presentation are distinguished, such as tactical self-presentation, which aims to achieve short-term goals, and strategic self-presentation has a long course, respectively, aimed at achieving long-term goals. In the presented study, the standardization of the Ukrainian-language methodology “Self-monitoring of self-presentation and self-control of behavior in social situations” is proposed. Standardization of the methodology showed its high validity and reliability.