bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-dimensional classification approach based on class-dependent feature subspace
Authors: Chen Fuzan , Wu Harris , Dou Runliang , Li Minqiang
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to build a compact and accurate classifier for high-dimensional classification.

Design/methodology/approach

A classification approach based on class-dependent feature subspace (CFS) is proposed. CFS is a class-dependent integration of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier and associated discriminative features. For each class, our genetic algorithm (GA)-based approach evolves the best subset of discriminative features and SVM classifier simultaneously. To guarantee convergence and efficiency, the authors customize the GA in terms of encoding strategy, fitness evaluation, and genetic operators.

Findings

Experimental studies demonstrated that the proposed CFS-based approach is superior to other state-of-the-art classification algorithms on UCI data sets in terms of both concise interpretation and predictive power for high-dimensional data.

Research limitations/implications

UCI data sets rather than real industrial data are used to evaluate the proposed approach. In addition, only single-label classification is addressed in the study.

Practical implications

The proposed method not only constructs an accurate classification model but also obtains a compact combination of discriminative features. It is helpful for business makers to get a concise understanding of the high-dimensional data.

Originality/value

The authors propose a compact and effective classification approach for high-dimensional data. Instead of the same feature subset for all the classes, the proposed CFS-based approach obtains the optimal subset of discriminative feature and SVM classifier for each class. The proposed approach enhances both interpretability and predictive power for high-dimensional data.
Promoting customers’ involvement with service brands: evidence from coffee shop customers
Authors: Kim Soon-Ho , Lee Seonjeong (Ally)
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how service brand loyalty can be enhanced through customer involvement, based on involvement theory and symbolic interaction theory as theoretical backgrounds.

Design/Methodology/approach

This study investigated how service brand loyalty can be enhanced through customer involvement, based on involvement theory and symbolic interaction theory as theoretical backgrounds.

Findings

Results identified customer–brand identification and service value influenced both service brand involvement and service brand-decision involvement. However, self-congruity only influenced customers’ service brand-decision involvement. Results also confirmed that customer involvement positively influenced service brand satisfaction and service brand loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributed to involvement and brand loyalty research, investigating the role of customer involvement on service brand loyalty.

Practical implications

Results suggested what factors could enhance brand loyalty to gain competitive advantages.

Originality/value

This study proposed and empirically investigated ways to enhance brand loyalty in the context of the coffee shop industry.
Early urinary biomarkers of renal tubular damage by a high‐salt intake independent of blood pressure in normotensive rats
Authors: Washino Satoshi , Hosohata Keiko , Jin Denan , Takai Shinji , Miyagawa Tomoaki
Published: October 2017

Dietary sodium intake has been associated with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as hypertension. A high‐salt intake causes renal damage independent of hypertension. Because traditional renal biomarkers are insensitive, it is difficult to detect renal injury induced by a high‐salt intake, especially in normotensive patients. Here, we investigated whether newly developed renal biomarkers could be detected earlier than traditional biomarkers under a high‐salt intake, in normotensive rats. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) received a regular (0.8% NaCl) or salt‐loaded (2, 4, and 8% NaCl) diet from 9 to 17 weeks of age. A urine sample was obtained once a week and urinary vanin‐1, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) were measured. At 17 weeks of age, 8% salt‐loaded WKY showed histopathological renal tubular damage and elevated Rac1 activity in renal tissues. Although there was no significant increase in serum creatinine, urinary albumin, N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG), or Kim‐1 during the study period among the groups, urinary vanin‐1 and NGAL significantly increased in 8% salt‐loaded WKY from 10 to 17 weeks of age. These results suggest that urinary vanin‐1 and NGAL, which might be induced by salt per se, are potentially earlier biomarkers for renal tubular damage in normotensive rats under a high‐salt intake.
Type VI secretion systems in plant‐associated bacteria
Authors: Bernal Patricia , Llamas María A. , Filloux Alain
Published: October 2017

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine used to inject effectors into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and is thus involved in both host manipulation and interbacterial competition. The T6SS is widespread among Gram‐negative bacteria, mostly within the Proteobacterium Phylum. This secretion system is commonly found in commensal and pathogenic plant‐associated bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of phytobacterial T6SS clusters shows that they are distributed in the five main clades previously described (group 1–5). The even distribution of the system among commensal and pathogenic phytobacteria suggests that the T6SS provides fitness and colonization advantages in planta and that the role of the T6SS is not restricted to virulence. This manuscript reviews the phylogeny and biological roles of the T6SS in plant‐associated bacteria, highlighting a remarkable diversity both in terms of mechanism and function.
Afatinib treatment of a squamous lung cancer after tumor progression of nivolumab
Authors: Jin Yinghua , Jiang Qiuying , Xin Tao
Published: October 2017

Nivolumab prolonged disease control in a patient with advanced squamous lung cancer that was refractory to multiple treatments. The rapid eradication of cancer after the administration of nivolumab caused hemoptysis and repeated infection. Six months after immunotherapy, mediastinal lymph node metastasis developed and afatinib effectively relieved dysphonia associated with nerve paralysis.
Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using only 5‐mm ports
Authors: Bell‐Allen Nicholas , O'Rourke Harriet , Hong Lisa , O'Rourke Nicholas
Published: October 2017

Background

The technique of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has been evolving since it was first described over 20 years ago. We report a new technique where polyester mesh was back loaded through a 5‐mm port site, coming into contact with the skin. This avoids the need for any 10–12‐mm ports.

Methods

A prospective database of laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs was examined. A single surgeon performed 344 laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs using this technique over 60 months. Follow‐up was conducted by both clinical and independent phone review. Surgical technique: Laparoscopic access was achieved via a 5‐mm optical port, adding two, or occasionally three, 5‐mm extra ports. Hernia contents were reduced and the extra‐peritoneal fat excised; 5‐mm tooth graspers were placed through the lateral port and then in a retrograde fashion through the uppermost port. The port was removed, and the mesh pulled back into the abdominal cavity and positioned with a minimum of 3‐cm overlap. The mesh was fixed using absorbable tacks and sutures.

Results

Most patients had primary umbilical hernias. There was one case of mesh infection due to enteric organisms. This occurred in a patient undergoing repair of a stoma site hernia, resulting from a Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis. There was no other evidence of acute or chronic mesh infection despite cutaneous contact with the mesh. In this series, there was an overall hernia recurrence rate of 2.4%.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using only 5‐mm ports is a safe, effective technique with no extra risk of infection.
Filter Adsorption of Anidulafungin to a Polysulfone‐Based Hemofilter During CVVHD In Vitro
Authors: Kolbinger Peter , Gruber Michael , Roth Gabriel , Graf Bernhard M. , Ittner Karl‐Peter
Published: October 2017

Candidemia is frequent in critically ill patients, especially in combination with an acute kidney injury (AKI). Echinocandins generally are recommended for therapy of such infections. Recent studies found no need for dosage adjustment in patients with end‐stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis, or patients with AKI receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the adsorption of anidulafungin to the surface of the hemofilter during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and its effect on anidulafungin concentrations. The concentration of anidulafungin in the dialyzed fluid, and the dialysate during CVVHD in vitro was examined using three different dialyzed fluids (saline; saline with 40 g/L human albumin; and a mixture of human erythrocytes and fresh frozen plasma). After the end of dialysis, the hemofilter was opened and portions of the filter capillaries were also analyzed to determine the amount of anidulafungin adsorbed. When dialyzing saline, about 99% of the anidulafungin used adsorbed to the hemofilter capillaries; in the experiments with saline with 40 g/L albumin, about 60% adsorbed to the hemofilter's surface, and when blood was dialyzed, 35% was found adsorbed after analyzing the filter capillaries. Anidulafungin was not detectable in the dialysate of any of the experiments, consequently the dialysis clearance was 0 mL/min. In conclusion, during CVVHD in vitro we found remarkable adsorption of anidulafungin to the hemofilter's surface, yet the effect on the tissue concentration needs further examination.
Review article: consensus statements on therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Mitrev N. , Vande Casteele N. , Seow C. H. , Andrews J. M. , Connor S. J. , Moore G. T. , Barclay M. , Begun J. , Bryant R. , Chan W. , Corte C. , Ghaly S. , Lemberg D. A. , Kariyawasam V. , Lewindon P. , Martin J. , Mountifield R. , Radford‐Smith G. , Slobodian P. , Sparrow M. , Toong C. , van Langenberg D. , Ward M. G. , Leong R. W. ,   IBD Sydney Organisation and the Australian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Consensus Working Group
Published: October 2017

Background

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients receiving anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents can help optimise outcomes. Consensus statements based on current evidence will help the development of treatment guidelines.

Aim

To develop evidence‐based consensus statements for TDM‐guided anti‐TNF therapy in IBD.

Methods

A committee of 25 Australian and international experts was assembled. The initial draft statements were produced following a systematic literature search. A modified Delphi technique was used with 3 iterations. Statements were modified according to anonymous voting and feedback at each iteration. Statements with 80% agreement without or with minor reservation were accepted.

Results

22/24 statements met criteria for consensus. For anti‐TNF agents, TDM should be performed upon treatment failure, following successful induction, when contemplating a drug holiday and periodically in clinical remission only when results would change management. To achieve clinical remission in luminal IBD, infliximab and adalimumab trough concentrations in the range of 3‐8 and 5‐12 μg/mL, respectively, were deemed appropriate. The range may differ for different disease phenotypes or treatment endpoints—such as fistulising disease or to achieve mucosal healing. In treatment failure, TDM may identify mechanisms to guide subsequent decision‐making. In stable clinical response, TDM‐guided dosing may avoid future relapse. Data indicate drug‐tolerant anti‐drug antibody assays do not offer an advantage over drug‐sensitive assays. Further data are required prior to recommending TDM for non‐anti‐TNF biological agents.

Conclusion

Consensus statements support the role of TDM in optimising anti‐TNF agents to treat IBD, especially in situations of treatment failure.
Efficacy and safety of golimumab in Crohn's disease: a French national retrospective study
Authors: Martineau C. , Flourié B. , Wils P. , Vaysse T. , Altwegg R. , Buisson A. , Amiot A. , Pineton de Chambrun G. , Abitbol V. , Fumery M. , Hébuterne X. , Viennot S. , Laharie D. , Beaugerie L. , Nancey S. , Sokol H. ,   the Goli‐Crohn Study Group
Published: October 2017

Background

Anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have improved the care of Crohn's disease (CD). After the first anti‐TNF discontinuation, it is possible to switch to another anti‐TNF. Three anti‐TNF agents are available for ulcerative colitis (infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab), but only the first 2 have been approved for CD because golimumab has not been studied for this indication.

Aim

To report the efficacy and safety of golimumab in CD.

Methods

Crohn's disease patients who received golimumab were identified in 12 French tertiary centres and were retrospectively analysed. The primary endpoint was the duration of golimumab treatment before escalation or discontinuation. The clinical response was defined as a decrease of more than 3 points in the Harvey‐Bradshaw index or by global physician assessment.

Results

One hundred and fifteen patients were included. The golimumab treatment duration was 9.8 months (0.55‐44), and 48.7% of the patients were still under treatment at the end of follow‐up. Clinical response was observed in 55.8% of the patients after a mean duration of 3.8 months. The probability of remaining under treatment without escalation at 6, 12 and 24 months was 54.6%, 34.9% and 19.3% respectively. In multivariate analysis, discontinuation of the first anti‐TNF agent due to intolerance (odds ratio, OR = 2.16; 95% CI, confidence interval [1.25‐3.86]; P = .005) and co‐immunosuppression for more than 6 months (OR = 3.98; 95% CI [2.3‐7.1]; P < .0001) were predictive factors of efficacy. Six per cent of the patients discontinued treatment due to intolerance.

Conclusion

After failure of infliximab or adalimumab for Crohn's disease, golimumab was safe and seemed beneficial in half of the patients.
Characterization of a mouse model of sickle cell trait: parallels to human trait and a novel finding of cutaneous sensitization
Authors: Zappia Katherine J. , Guo Yihe , Retherford Dawn , Wandersee Nancy J. , Stucky Cheryl L. , Hillery Cheryl A.
Published: October 2017

Sickle cell trait (SCT) has classically been categorized as a benign condition except in rare cases or upon exposure to severe physical conditions. However, several lines of evidence indicate that individuals with SCT are not always asymptomatic, and additional physiological changes and risks may remain unexplored. Here, we utilized mice harbouring one copy of normal human β globin and one copy of sickle human β globin as a model of SCT to assess haematological, histopathological and somatosensory outcomes. We observed that SCT mice displayed renal and hepatic vascular congestion after exposure to hypoxia. Further, we observed that SCT mice displayed increased cold aversion as well as mechanical and heat sensitivity, though to a lesser degree than homozygous sickle cell disease mice. Notably, mechanical hypersensitivity increased following hypoxia and reoxygenation. Overall our findings suggest that SCT is not entirely benign, and further assessment of pain and cutaneous sensitization is warranted both in animal models and in clinical populations.
Printable 3D Trees
Authors: Bo Z. , Lu L. , Sharf A. , Xia Y. , Deussen O. , Chen B.
Published: October 2017

With the growing popularity of 3D printing, different shape classes such as fibers and hair have been shown, driving research toward class‐specific solutions. Among them, 3D trees are an important class, consisting of unique structures, characteristics and botanical features. Nevertheless, trees are an especially challenging case for 3D manufacturing. They typically consist of non‐volumetric patch leaves, an extreme amount of small detail often below printable resolution and are often physically weak to be self‐sustainable. We introduce a novel 3D tree printability method which optimizes trees through a set of geometry modifications for manufacturing purposes. Our key idea is to formulate tree modifications as a minimal constrained set which accounts for the visual appearance of the model and its structural soundness. To handle non‐printable fine details, our method modifies the tree shape by gradually abstracting details of visible parts while reducing details of non‐visible parts. To guarantee structural soundness and to increase strength and stability, our algorithm incorporates a physical analysis and adjusts the tree topology and geometry accordingly while adhering to allometric rules. Our results show a variety of tree species with different complexity that are physically sound and correctly printed within reasonable time. The printed trees are correct in terms of their allometry and of high visual quality, which makes them suitable for various applications in the realm of outdoor design, modeling and manufacturing.
High‐resolution 360 Video Foveated Stitching for Real‐time VR
Authors: Lee Wei‐Tse , Chen Hsin‐I , Chen Ming‐Shiuan , Shen I‐Chao , Chen Bing‐Yu
Published: October 2017

In virtual reality (VR) applications, the contents are usually generated by creating a 360° Video panorama of a real‐world scene. Although many capture devices are being released, getting high‐resolution panoramas and displaying a virtual world in real‐time remains challenging due to its computationally demanding nature. In this paper, we propose a real‐time 360° Video foveated stitching framework, that renders the entire scene in different level of detail, aiming to create a high‐resolution panoramic Video in real‐time that can be streamed directly to the client. Our foveated stitching algorithm takes Videos from multiple cameras as input, combined with measurements of human visual attention (i.e. the acuity map and the saliency map), can greatly reduce the number of pixels to be processed. We further parallelize the algorithm using GPU to achieve a responsive interface and validate our results via a user study. Our system accelerates graphics computation by a factor of 6 on a Google Cardboard display.
Saliency‐aware Real‐time Volumetric Fusion for Object Reconstruction
Authors: Yang Sheng , Chen Kang , Liu Minghua , Fu Hongbo , Hu Shi‐Min
Published: October 2017

We present a real‐time approach for acquiring 3D objects with high fidelity using hand‐held consumer‐level RGB‐D scanning devices. Existing real‐time reconstruction methods typically do not take the point of interest into account, and thus might fail to produce clean reconstruction results of desired objects due to distracting objects or backgrounds. In addition, any changes in background during scanning, which can often occur in real scenarios, can easily break up the whole reconstruction process. To address these issues, we incorporate visual saliency into a traditional real‐time volumetric fusion pipeline. Salient regions detected from RGB‐D frames suggest user‐intended objects, and by understanding user intentions our approach can put more emphasis on important targets, and meanwhile, eliminate disturbance of non‐important objects. Experimental results on real‐world scans demonstrate that our system is capable of effectively acquiring geometric information of salient objects in cluttered real‐world scenes, even if the backgrounds are changing.
Efficient Gradient‐Domain Compositing Using an Approximate Curl‐free Wavelet Projection
Authors: Ren Xiaohua , Lyu Luan , He Xiaowei , Zhang Yanci , Wu Enhua
Published: October 2017

Gradient‐domain compositing has been widely used to create a seamless composite with gradient close to a composite gradient field generated from one or more registered images. The key to this problem is to solve a Poisson equation, whose unknown variables can reach the size of the composite if no region of interest is drawn explicitly, thus making both the time and memory cost expensive in processing multi‐megapixel images. In this paper, we propose an approximate projection method based on biorthogonal Multiresolution Analyses (MRA) to solve the Poisson equation. Unlike previous Poisson equation solvers which try to converge to the accurate solution with iterative algorithms, we use biorthogonal compactly supported curl‐free wavelets as the fundamental bases to approximately project the composite gradient field onto a curl‐free vector space. Then, the composite can be efficiently recovered by applying a fast inverse wavelet transform. Considering an n‐pixel composite, our method only requires 2n of memory for all vector fields and is more efficient than state‐of‐the‐art methods while achieving almost identical results. Specifically, experiments show that our method gains a 5× speedup over the streaming multigrid in certain cases.
Declarations of Promiscuity: “Housing,” Autonomy, and Urban Female Friendship in Uganda
Authors: BOCAST BROOKE
Published: October 2017

This article examines the relationship between “sugar daddyism” and emerging forms of female sociality among young, educated women in urban Uganda. In particular, I demonstrate how the practice of “housing”—wherein one man sponsors an outing for multiple women—fosters new spaces for female friendship. Scholars of African social relations have long noted the centrality of material exchange in establishing and maintaining ties of kinship and political patronage; more recently, the interplay between capital and sentiment in sexual relationships has garnered significant attention. Yet friendship, in Africa and elsewhere, remains remarkably undertheorized. Profound generational shifts in sociality, shaped by rural‐urban migration, the expansion of higher education, and the influx of Western media, make Uganda a fertile site for the study of new forms of non‐kin affiliation. In this article, I analyze the relations of exchange that simultaneously constitute sugar daddyism and female peer relationships in order to make three major points. First, although sugar daddyism functions according to logics of asymmetrical exchange, such relationships animate horizontal reciprocity within female peer groups. Second, educated young women discursively construct friendship as a space for “fun,” in opposition to romantic and kin relationships. Third, these peer networks allow female students to cultivate felt freedom according to a logic of independence through multiple dependencies. This article is based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork with female students at Makerere University in Uganda's capital, Kampala, from 2010 to 2012. [Africa, city, sexuality, reciprocity]
Early vs delayed closure of loop defunctioning ileostomy in patients undergoing distal colorectal resections: an integrated systematic review and meta‐analysis of published randomized controlled trials
Authors: Farag S. , Rehman S. , Sains P. , Baig M. K. , Sajid M. S.
Published: October 2017

Aims

The objective of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and feasibility of early loop defunctioning ileostomy closure, within 2 weeks of index surgery, in patients undergoing distal colorectal resection.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature on published randomized controlled trials reporting the feasibility and outcomes on early vs delayed closure of loop defunctioning ileostomy in patients undergoing distal colorectal resection using the principles of meta‐analysis on RevMan 5.4 statistical software was undertaken.

Results

Four randomized, controlled trials on 446 patients evaluating the feasibility and outcomes on early vs delayed closure of loop defunctioning ileostomy in patients undergoing low colorectal resection were analysed. There were 176 patients in the early closure group and 270 patients in the delayed closure group. The risk of anastomotic leak [risk ratio 0.37 (CI: 0.10–1.42), P = 0.15], anastomotic stenosis [risk ratio 4.79 (CI: 0.23–98.47), P = 0.31] and postoperative complications [risk ratio 0.75 (CI: 0.48–1.16), P = 0.19] was similar in both groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the duration of operation [standardized mean difference −0.49 (CI: −01.09, −0.12), P = 0.12] and length of hospitalization [standardized mean difference −0.04 (CI: −0.25, −0.18), P = 0.75].

Conclusions

Early closure of loop defunctioning ileostomy in patients undergoing distal colorectal resection is feasible with comparable outcomes to delayed closure.
MONETARY POLICY AND ANTI‐CYCLICAL BANK CAPITAL REGULATION
Authors: Aliaga‐Díaz Roger , Olivero María Pía , Powell Andrew
Published: October 2017

The financial crisis of 2008–2009 revived attention given to booms and busts in bank credit, and their effects on real activity. This interest sparked two different strands of research in macro. The first one focuses on monetary policy in the context of financial frictions. The second studies capital regulation in banking. To the best of our knowledge, so far these two topics have mostly been studied in isolation from each other. Thus, we still lack an understanding of how monetary policy and bank capital regulation interact in the presence of financial fragility. This paper aims to contribute to furthering this understanding. Specifically, we ask how the monetary policy rule should look like in the presence of cyclical capital requirements. We extend the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with bank capital in Aliaga‐Díaz and Olivero by introducing price rigidities in the spirit of the New‐Keynesian literature. We find that: First, anti‐cyclical requirements have important stabilization properties relative to the case of constant requirements. This is true for all types of fluctuations that we study, which include those caused by productivity, preference, fiscal, monetary, and financial shocks. Second, output and consumption volatilities present in the no regulation economy can be recovered with anti‐cyclical requirements as long as the policy rate responds only slightly to credit spreads. Third, monetary policy rules that respond to credit conditions also perform better in terms of welfare. (JEL E32, E44)
Species are not most abundant in the centre of their geographic range or climatic niche
Authors: Dallas Tad , Decker Robin R. , Hastings Alan
Published: October 2017

The pervasive idea that species should be most abundant in the centre of their geographic range or centre of their climatic niche is a key assumption in many existing ecological hypotheses and has been declared a general macroecological rule. However, empirical support for decreasing population abundance with increasing distance from geographic range or climatic niche centre (distance–abundance relationships) remains fairly weak. We examine over 1400 bird, mammal, fish and tree species to provide a thorough test of distance–abundance relationships, and their associations with species traits and phylogenetic relationships. We failed to detect consistent distance–abundance relationships, and found no association between distance–abundance slope and species traits or phylogenetic relatedness. Together, our analyses suggest that distance–abundance relationships may be rare, difficult to detect, or are an oversimplification of the complex biogeographical forces that determine species spatial abundance patterns.
Species reordering, not changes in richness, drives long‐term dynamics in grassland communities
Authors: Jones Sydney K. , Ripplinger Julie , Collins Scott L.
Published: October 2017

Determining how ecological communities will respond to global environmental change remains a challenging research problem. Recent meta‐analyses concluded that most communities are undergoing compositional change despite no net change in local species richness. We explored how species richness and composition of co‐occurring plant, grasshopper, breeding bird and small mammal communities in arid and mesic grasslands changed in response to increasing aridity and fire frequency. In the arid system, grassland and shrubland plant and breeding bird communities were undergoing directional change, whereas grasshopper and small mammal communities were stable. In the mesic system, all communities were undergoing directional change regardless of fire frequency. Despite directional change in composition in some communities, species richness of all communities did not change because compositional change resulted more from reordering of species abundances than turnover in species composition. Thus, species reordering, not changes in richness, explains long‐term dynamics in these grass and shrub dominated communities.
Parental Pre‐ and Postpartum Mental Health Predicts Child Mental Health and Development
Authors: Vänskä Mervi , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Lindblom Jallu , Flykt Marjo , Tolvanen Asko , Unkila‐Kallio Leila , Tulppala Maija , Tiitinen Aila
Published: October 2017

Objective

To identify interplay of early maternal and paternal mental health symptoms for predicting child mental health and development.

Background

Research on family mental health has largely excluded fathers, although the well‐being of both parents is likely to be important for child development. In this study, we analyzed (a) intrafamilial dynamics between mothers' and fathers' early mental health symptoms and (b) the importance of separate (mother and father) and joint (additive, hierarchical, and buffering) theoretical models of parental mental health for predicting child mental health and development.

Method

Finnish mothers and fathers (N = 763), half of whom conceived through assisted reproductive treatments (ART), reported their symptoms of psychological distress and depression from the pregnancy to 2 months and 12 months postpartum. Later, when the child was 7–8 years of age, parents (N = 485) reported the child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms and social and cognitive developmental problems.

Results

We identified both co‐occurrence and compensation in intrafamilial early parental mental health. Further, mothers' symptoms alone (separate mother model) predicted child internalizing symptoms, whereas joint parental symptoms (additive model) predicted problems in executive function.

Conclusion

The pre‐ and postnatal mental health of mothers and fathers is important for later child development.

Implications

To support healthy child development, both parents need to be screened for early mental health problems, and psychological help should be offered to families across the pre‐ and postpartum period.
Fatigue crack propagation for Q345qD bridge steel and its butt welds at low temperatures
Authors: Liao X.W. , Wang Y.Q. , Qian X.D. , Shi Y.J.
Published: October 2017

Steel bridges fabricated with Q345qD steels face critical challenges when operating in cold regions with a low ambient temperature. This study aims to investigate, via an experimental program, the low‐temperature fatigue crack propagation behavior of Q345qD bridge steel base material and its butt welds. The testing program comprises a series of Charpy impact tests and fatigue crack propagation tests at the room temperature, −20°C and −60°C. The experimental results demonstrate a reduced crack propagation rate in the base material, but an increasing crack propagation rate in the butt welds, with a decreasing ambient temperature. The base material also shows enhanced fatigue crack propagation thresholds with the decreasing temperature. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition temperature for fatigue is lower than that for fracture in the base material while the weld metal exhibits an opposite trend. Generally, the butt welds present higher resistance against fatigue crack propagation and larger Charpy toughness values than do the base material at all tested temperatures. The Paris‐law parameters measured at the room temperature for the base material leads to a conservative assessment of the crack propagation life for a welded joint under a low ambient temperature.
Truncation of thermal tolerance niches among Australian plants
Authors: Bush Alex , Catullo Renee A. , Mokany Karel , Thornhill Andrew H. , Miller Joseph T. , Ferrier Simon
Published: October 2017

Aim

Despite recognition that realized distributions inherently underestimate species' physiological tolerances, we are yet to identify the extent of these differences within diverse taxonomic groups. The degree to which species could tolerate environmental conditions outside their observed distributions may have a significant impact on the perceived extinction risk in ecological models. More information on this potential error is required to improve our confidence in management strategies.

Location

Australia.

Time Period

1983–2012.

Major Taxa Studied

Plants.

Methods

To quantify the scale and spatial patterns of this disparity, we estimated the existing tolerance to thermal extremes of 7,124 Australian plants, more than one‐third of the native continental flora, using data from cultivated records at 128 botanical gardens and nurseries. Hierarchical Bayesian beta regression was used to assess whether factors such as realized niches, traits or phylogeny could predict the incidence or magnitude of niche truncation (underestimation of thermal tolerances), while controlling for sources of collection bias.

Results

Approximately half of the cultivated species analysed could tolerate temperature extremes beyond those experienced in their native range. Niche truncation was predictable from the breadth and extremes of their realized niches and by traits such as plant growth form. Phylogenetic relationships with niche truncation were weak and appeared more suited to predicting thermal tolerances directly.

Main conclusions

This study highlights a widespread disparity between realized and potential thermal limits that may have significant implications for species' capacity to persist in situ with a changing climate. Identifying whether thermal niche truncation is the result of biotic interactions, dispersal constraints or other environmental factors could provide significant insight into community assembly at macroecological scales. Estimating niche truncation may help to explain why certain ecological communities are more resilient to change and may potentially improve the reliability of model projections under climate change.
The impact of household life‐cycle stages on subjective well‐being: Considering the effect of household expenditures in Hungary
Authors: Neulinger Agnes , Radó Márta
Published: October 2017

The household life‐cycle stage is a significant contributor to the perception of subjective well‐being; however, the effect of household expenditures of life‐cycles on subjective well‐being has not been thoroughly explored. The life‐course perspective, specifically the study of family/household life‐cycles, emphasizes the understanding of subjective well‐being across the entire life‐span. Accordingly, in the literature subjective well‐being is often studied at different life‐stages considering the influence of variables such as age, cohabitation and fertility. The present study evaluates the level of subjective well‐being across the various life‐cycle stages using a matching method on a Hungarian national sample. This approach is appropriate for studies using observational data because the administration of a true experimental design is usually not feasible for this type of research. The main finding of the article is that controlling for the expenditure structure significantly modifies the effect of life‐cycle on subjective well‐being, which is varied across life‐cycle stages and shown to be highly dependent on household expenditures.
Mapping trends in the concept of nurse rounding: A bibliometric analysis and research agenda
Authors: Hutchinson Marie , Higson Mary , Jackson Debra
Published: October 2017

Aims

Examine the growth and diffusion of research on the concept of nurse rounding and provide definitional clarity on forms of nurse rounding.

Methods

Bibliometric and content analysis of primary research on nurse rounding were used to map development of the field. Manuscripts were identified from a keyword search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for the period 2000 to 2015. Titles, country of origin, and year of publication along with details on the characteristics and sample of each study were coded on a database. Content analyses were performed on the coded data to derive a taxonomic understanding and identify publication trends.

Results

Thirty‐eight primary research studies were identified. Overall, there has been an increase in the number and diversity of studies on nursing rounding. A typology of 4 variants of nurse rounding was devised to enhance clarity and enable comparative analysis.

Conclusion

There has been continued interest in nurse rounding and its potential benefits. However, poor definitional clarity is evident in this body of research, with various label used interchangeably in studies reporting similar rounding designs. The field would benefit from improved conceptual clarity and investigation into forms of nurse rounding that remain largely unexamined.
Gender differences in the importance of personality traits in predicting leadership self‐efficacy
Authors: Huszczo Gregory , Endres Megan Lee
Published: October 2017

Our goal in this study was to investigate antecedents to formation of leadership self‐efficacy (LSE) for men versus women. We used a relative importance analysis, which allows more precise identification of important predictors without concern of multicollinearity effects on R2. Using a sample of 325 business students, we found that extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience each explained significant variance in LSE. Conscientiousness and openness to experience were stronger predictors of LSE for women than men, whereas extraversion was a stronger predictor of LSE for men than women. We provide a literature review with hypotheses, methods and analysis. We discuss the results with respect to the role congruency and leadership self‐perceptions and provide implications for future research and practice of leadership development.
Danger signals: Chemotherapy enhancers?
Authors: Rivera Vargas Thaiz , Apetoh Lionel
Published: October 2017

Endogenous danger signals are molecules normally present in a given cell compartment that are rapidly released following cell stress and induce immune responses. We and others have shown that dying tumor cells treated with some chemotherapies are able to induce anticancer immune responses, which rely on their release of danger signals such as the nuclear protein HMGB1. DNA can also be released from chemotherapy‐treated tumor cells, act as a danger signal, and boost anticancer immunity. While the immunostimulatory properties of DNA have been identified for decades, the recent discovery of a novel family of receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, has provided a novel impetus not only to understand how chemotherapy can trigger anticancer immune responses but also to exploit DNA‐derived molecules for therapeutic use. We will here discuss the molecular characteristics of endogenous danger signals released from chemotherapy‐treated tumor cells and focus on the clinical relevance of using these danger signals in chemoimmunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Death begets a new beginning
Authors: Bosurgi Lidia , Hughes Lindsey D. , Rothlin Carla V. , Ghosh Sourav
Published: October 2017

Cell death is a perpetual feature of tissue microenvironments; each day under homeostatic conditions, billions of cells die and must be swiftly cleared by phagocytes. However, cell death is not limited to this natural turnover—apoptotic cell death can be induced by infection, inflammation, or severe tissue injury. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is thus coupled to specific functions, from the induction of growth factors that can stimulate the replacement of dead cells to the promotion of tissue repair or tissue remodeling in the affected site. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which phagocytes sense apoptotic cell death and discuss how phagocytosis is integrated with environmental cues to drive appropriate responses.
Efferocytosis of dying cells differentially modulate immunological outcomes in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Calianese David , Birge Raymond B.
Published: October 2017

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an integral part of tissue homeostasis in complex organisms, allowing for tissue turnover, repair, and renewal while simultaneously inhibiting the release of self antigens and danger signals from apoptotic cell‐derived constituents that can result in immune activation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Unlike cells in culture, the physiological fate of cells that die by apoptosis in vivo is their rapid recognition and engulfment by phagocytic cells (a process called efferocytosis). To this end, apoptotic cells express specific eat‐me signals, such as externalized phosphatidylserine (PS), that are recognized in a specific context by receptors to initiate signaling pathways for engulfment. The importance of carefully regulated recognition and clearance pathways is evident in the spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders caused by defects in PS receptors and signaling molecules. However, in recent years, several additional cell death pathways have emerged, including immunogenic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and netosis that interweave different cell death pathways with distinct innate and adaptive responses from classical apoptosis that can shape long‐term host immunity. In this review, we discuss the role of different cell death pathways in terms of their immune potential outcomes specifically resulting in specific cell corpse/phagocyte interactions (phagocytic synapses) that impinge on host immunity, with a main emphasis on tolerance and cancer immunotherapy.
Does High Stock Return Synchronicity Indicate High or Low Price Informativeness? Evidence from a Regulatory Experiment
Authors: Kan Shuo , Gong Stephen
Published: October 2017

We investigate the link between stock return synchronicity and price informativeness by exploiting the Regulation SHO pilot program, which removed short‐selling price tests for randomly selected stocks (“pilot stocks”) in May 2005. A difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals that relative to non‐pilot stocks, pilot stocks saw a significantly larger increase in both price informativeness and return synchronicity when the pilot program started, but such difference disappeared when Regulation SHO removed the short‐selling price tests for all stocks in July 2007. The results suggest that high return synchronicity reflects high, rather than low price informativeness.
Drawing on Curiosity: Between Two Worlds
Authors: Wigglesworth Ron
Published: October 2017

This narrative of my research on drawing shares my experience of relearning drawing by hand and how the act of drawing can stimulate curiosity. This article examines its potential to enhance learning/observation in science. It describes a kinaesthetic drawing methodology and addresses pedagogical solutions for overcoming a student's declaration that ‘I can't draw’. This art creation experience was an interdisciplinary study in the faculties of art, science and education. My claim is that a hands‐on, interactive approach to learning is at play where strategies of creating images are not predetermined. What emerges is both a subjective and objective phenomenon. As knowledge production arises after the fact of drawing, an emergent process allows for reflexive methodology and intuition to come into play. As Derrida describes in Memoirs of the Blind, drawing emerges from the temporal space between the seeing and the unfolding of the drawing. This art‐based research flows in the direction of reflective practice‐based research through drawing, to address these questions by calling on the tactile and kinaesthetic dimensions of sense that drawing can engender.
Serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: The influence of these enzymes on inflammatory and oxidative status
Authors: Baldissera M D , Souza C F , Doleski P H , Monteiro S G , da Silva A S , Baldisserotto B
Published: October 2017

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, through adenosine (Ado) levels, as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity through uric acid levels exerts an essential role on immune and inflammatory responses during infectious diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of seric ADA and XO activities in the inflammatory and oxidative status of silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Seric ADA activity decreased, while Ado levels increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Moreover, the seric XO activity increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals, alongside the seric levels of uric acid, metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on this evidence, the downregulation of seric ADA activity exerts an anti‐inflammatory profile, contributing to restricting the inflammatory process. The most important finding is that upregulation of seric XO activity leads to an excessive formation of uric acid, which contributes to oxidative and inflammatory processes. Moreover, uric acid induces the release of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐oxidative mediators, such NOx and ROS, which contribute directly to disease pathogenesis. In summary, the upregulation of XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in NOx and ROS production in silver catfish infected with I. multifiliis.
Classification of self‐injurious behaviour across the continuum of relative environmental–biological influence
Authors: Hagopian L. P. , Frank‐Crawford M. A.
Published: October 2017

Self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) is generally considered to be the product of interactions between dysfunction stemming from the primary developmental disability and experiences that occasion and reinforce SIB. As a result of these complex interactions, SIB presents as a heterogeneous problem. Recent research delineating subtypes of SIB that are nonsocially mediated, including one that is amenable to change and one that is highly invariant, enables classification of SIB across a broader continuum of relative environmental–biological influence. Directly examining how the functional classes of SIB differ has the potential to structure research, will improve our understanding this problem, and lead to more targeted behavioural and pharmacological interventions. Recognising that SIB is not a single entity but is composed of distinct functional classes would better align research with conceptual models that view SIB as the product of interactions between environmental and biological variables.