bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disorder–order structural transition of single crystal hydrogen chloride under high pressure–temperature
Authors: Lu Mengya , Zhou Di , Li Fangfei , Liang Yongfu , Zhou Qiang , Huang Xiaoli , Cui Tian
Published: July 2019

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the simplest hydrogen-bonded molecule and has attracted a great deal of attention owing to its interesting structural changes triggered by pressure or temperature.
Ground-state charge-transfer interactions in donor:acceptor pairs of organic semiconductors – a spectroscopic study of two representative systems
Authors: Duva Giuliano , Beyer Paul , Scholz Reinhard , Belova Valentina , Opitz Andreas , Hinderhofer Alexander , Gerlach Alexander , Schreiber Frank
Published: July 2019

Nature of ground-state charge-transfer quantified by means of FTIR spectroscopy for the D:A pairs DIP:F6TCNQ and P3HT:F6TCNQ.
Liquid-phase exfoliated SnS as a semiconductor coating filler to enhance corrosion protection performance
Authors: Tang Hongyu , Qu Zuopeng , Wang Lei , Ye Huaiyu , Fan Xuejun , Zhang Guoqi
Published: July 2019

p-Type semiconductor SnS-based composite coatings can efficiently enhance the inhibited corrosion-promotion activity and improve the anti-corrosion performance for ocean engineering.
One-dimensional single-helix coordination polymer self-assembled by a crown-ether appended-N-heteroacene radical anion
Authors: Isoda Kyosuke , Takahashi Hinako , Mutoh Yuichiro , Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: July 2019

Radical anions based on crown-ether appended N-heteroacene with Na+ self-assemble one-dimensional helical coordination polymers.
Sulfamethoxazole degradation by an Fe(ii)-activated persulfate process: insight into the reactive sites, product identification and degradation pathways
Authors: Luo Ting , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Wang Yan , Wan YongJie
Published: July 2019

The conversion characteristics of emerging pollutants in an oxidation system are predicted by theoretical calculations.
Selective detection of two representative organic arsenic compounds in aqueous medium with metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Lv Jie , Wang Bin , Xie Yabo , Wang Peilong , Shu Lun , Su Xiaoou , Li Jian-Rong
Published: July 2019

Two stable Al(iii)-MOFs were designed and synthesized for the selective detection of two organic arsenic compounds in aqueous medium.
The reactivity and pathway of Fenton reactions driven by hydroxybenzoic acids: the effect of hydroxylation
Authors: Tang Daojian , Zhang Guishui , Wang Ya , Chen Fengxia , Ma Jiahai
Published: July 2019

Hydroxybenzoic acids could act as a cocatalyst, enhancing the Fenton oxidation.
A metrics-based approach to preparing sustainable membranes: application to ultrafiltration
Authors: Prézélus Flavie , Chabni Dihia , Barna Ligia , Guigui Christelle , Remigy Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2019

Developing a metrics-based methodological approach that considers technical, environmental, health and safety issues to assess sustainability of membrane fabrication.
High-speed microparticle isolation unlimited by Poisson statistics
Authors: Iino Takanori , Okano Kazunori , Lee Sang Wook , Yamakawa Takeshi , Hagihara Hiroki , Hong Zhen-Yi , Maeno Takanori , Kasai Yusuke , Sakuma Shinya , Hayakawa Takeshi , Arai Fumihito , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Goda Keisuke , Hosokawa Yoichiroh
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate an on-chip microparticle sorter with an ultrashort switching window using femtosecond laser pulses to overcome the fundamental limitation of the sorting performance described by Poisson statistics.
Efficient isolation and sensitive quantification of extracellular vesicles based on an integrated ExoID-Chip using photonic crystals
Authors: Dong Xing , Chi Junjie , Zheng Liuzheng , Ma Biao , Li Zhiyang , Wang Su , Zhao Chao , Liu Hong
Published: July 2019

We proposed an integrated device for efficient isolation and ultrasensitive detection of extracellular vesicles for cancer pre-screening.
Reliable and reusable whole polypropylene plastic microfluidic devices for a rapid, low-cost antimicrobial susceptibility test
Authors: Sun Han , Chan Chiu-Wing , Wang Yisu , Yao Xiao , Mu Xuan , Lu Xuedong , Zhou Jianhua , Cai Zongwei , Ren Kangning
Published: July 2019

Using an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) as an example, this work demonstrates a practical method to fabricate microfluidic chips entirely from polypropylene (PP) and the benefits for potential commercial use.
Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in LiNi0.8Co0.2−yAlyO2 systems
Authors: Lebens-Higgins Zachary W. , Faenza Nicholas V. , Radin Maxwell D. , Liu Hao , Sallis Shawn , Rana Jatinkumar , Vinckeviciute Julija , Reeves Philip J. , Zuba Mateusz J. , Badway Fadwa , Pereira Nathalie , Chapman Karena W. , Lee Tien-Lin , Wu Tianpin , Grey Clare P. , Melot Brent C. , Van Der Ven Anton , Amatucci Glenn G. , Yang Wanli , Piper Louis F. J.
Published: July 2019

The emergence of oxidized oxygen RIXS features at high voltages for Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.
Hyperspectral mapping of anisotropy
Authors: Ryu Meguya , Honda Reo , Balčytis Armandas , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Tobin Mark J. , Juodkazis Saulius , Morikawa Junko
Published: July 2019

Hyperspectral imaging is now augmented by separation of the birefringence, dichroism and orientation function at the same wavelength and pixel by combining Malus and Beer–Lambert laws.
Redox active mixed-valence hexamanganese double-cubane complexes supported by tetravanadates
Authors: Maruyama Tatsuya , Namekata Akimi , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Kikukawa Yuji , Hayashi Yoshihito
Published: July 2019

A double-cubane-type hexamanganese complex that is reminiscent of the structure of an oxygen evolution center was synthesized using a polyoxovanadate ligand.
Plasmons of hollow nanobar oligomers
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: July 2019

Assembling metal nano-objects into well-defined configurations is an effective way to create hybrid plasmonic structures with unusual functionalities.
A macrocyclic tetranuclear ZnII complex as a receptor for selective dual fluorescence sensing of F− and AcO−: effect of a macrocyclic ligand
Authors: Chakraborty Tonmoy , Dasgupta Sanchari , Bhattacharyya Arghyadeep , Zangrando Ennio , Escudero Daniel , Das Debasis
Published: July 2019

Fluorimetric detection of F−/AcO− with an additional ‘INHIBIT’ logic gate response for F−/H+ and AcO−/H+ in an aqueous-methanol medium by a 48-membered macrocyclic ZnII-complex DAS has been explored by combined experimental and theoretical study.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: July 2019

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as peyssonnoside A from a Peyssonnelia species.
Converting the personalized biomolecular corona of graphene oxide nanoflakes into a high-throughput diagnostic test for early cancer detection
Authors: Papi Massimiliano , Palmieri Valentina , Digiacomo Luca , Giulimondi Francesca , Palchetti Sara , Ciasca Gabriele , Perini Giordano , Caputo Damiano , Cartillone Maria Cristina , Cascone Chiara , Coppola Roberto , Capriotti Anna Laura , Laganà Aldo , Pozzi Daniela , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: July 2019

Characterization of the biomolecular corona of graphene oxide nanoflakes allows discriminating cancer patients from healthy subjects with high prediction accuracy.
Encapsulating NiCo2O4 inside metal–organic framework sandwiched graphene oxide 2D composite nanosheets for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kuang Yiwen , Chen Chen , Li Kai , Hao Baicun , Ma Jun , Liao Yang , Mao Hui , Huo Fengwei
Published: July 2019

2D composite nanosheets comprised of NiCo2O4 encapsulated inside ZIF-67 sandwiched graphene oxide presented exceptional cycling stability and rate capability.
Revealing interfacial disorder at the growth-front of thick many-layer epitaxial graphene on SiC: a complementary neutron and X-ray scattering investigation
Authors: Mazza A. R. , Miettinen A. , Daykin A. A. , He X. , Charlton T. R. , Conrad M. , Guha S. , Lu Q. , Bian G. , Conrad E. H. , Miceli P. F.
Published: July 2019

Combined X-ray and neutron reflectivity reveal buried interface roughness on vastly different length-scales for multilayer graphene/SiC.
Recent advances in cathode materials for rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Fang , Liu Quanhui , Hu Jiawen , Feng Yuezhan , He Pengbin , Ma Jianmin
Published: July 2019

Li–S batteries are regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high specific capacity (1675 mA h g−1) and energy density (2600 W h kg−1) as well as the abundance, safety and low cost of S material.
Intelligent nanoflowers: a full tumor microenvironment-responsive multimodal cancer theranostic nanoplatform
Authors: Jing Xunan , Xu Yanzi , Liu Daomeng , Wu Youshen , Zhou Na , Wang Daquan , Yan Kai , Meng Lingjie
Published: July 2019

Multistage pH/H2O2/redox-responsive 3D nanoflowers that fully exploit the tumor microenvironment achieve highly specific guided multimode diagnosis with excellent synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy effects bothin vitroandin vivo.
Stabilizing DNA nanostructures through reversible disulfide crosslinking
Authors: Wolfrum Manpreet , Schwarz Rainer Joachim , Schwarz Madeleine , Kramer Markus , Richert Clemens
Published: July 2019

A high-yielding method for reversibly introducing covalent links in folded DNA nanostructures is reported.
Pyridine-catalyzed desulfonative borylation of benzyl sulfones
Authors: Maekawa Yuuki , Ariki Zachary T. , Nambo Masakazu , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: July 2019

Herein, we report the transition-metal free, pyridine-catalyzed desulfonative borylation of benzyl sulfones with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2).
Ruthenium(ii)-catalysed selective C(sp2)–H bond benzoxylation of biologically appealing N-arylisoindolinones
Authors: Yuan Yu-Chao , Bruneau Christian , Roisnel Thierry , Gramage-Doria Rafael
Published: July 2019

A general site- and regio-selective aromatic C–H bond benzoxylation reaction using biologically-relevant isoindolinones as weak directing groups has been developed.
Ruthenium-catalyzed remote C5-sulfonation of N-alkyl-8-aminoquinolines
Authors: Liu Xuri , Zhang Han , Yang Fanzhi , Wang Bo
Published: July 2019

Ruthenium-catalyzed remote C–H sulfonation of 8-aminoquinolines with single C5-selectivity.
Multi-olefin containing polyethers and triazolinediones: a powerful alliance
Authors: Johann Tobias , Houck Hannes A. , Dinh Thi , Kemmer-Jonas Ulrike , Du Prez Filip E. , Frey Holger
Published: July 2019

Multi-functional polyethers with ene or diene moieties were prepared via the polymerisation of tailored functional glycidyl ether monomers to create a platform for click chemistry with triazolinediones (TADs).
Systematic exploration of N, C configurational effects on the ORR performance of Fe–N doped graphene catalysts based on DFT calculations
Authors: Liu Fan , Zhu Guangqi , Yang Dongzi , Jia Dong , Jin Fengmin , Wang Wei
Published: July 2019

An optimum Fe–N–C ORR catalyst should exhibit a moderate surface stress property and an ideal N, C ligand configurations that results in a moderate interaction between the ORR intermediates and its surface sites.
Rapid prototyping of a novel and flexible paper based oxygen sensing patchviaadditive inkjet printing process
Authors: Maddipatla Dinesh , Narakathu Binu B. , Ochoa Manuel , Rahimi Rahim , Zhou Jiawei , Yoon Chang K. , Jiang Hongjie , Al-Zubaidi Hazim , Obare Sherine O. , Zieger Michael A. , Ziaie Babak , Atashbar Massood Z.
Published: July 2019

A paper-based low cost and rapid prototypable flexible oxygen sensing patch was developed for the first time using a cost-efficient additive inkjet print manufacturing process for wearable, food packaging, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Direct extraction of astaxanthin from the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis using liquid–liquid chromatography
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Minceva Mirjana
Published: July 2019

Germination of Haematococcus pluvialis cells enables a direct extraction of astaxanthin into a solvent using a liquid–liquid chromatographic column.
A cellulose/β-cyclodextrin nanofiber patch as a wearable epidermal glucose sensor
Authors: Kim Kyu Oh , Kim Geon Jin , Kim Ji Hye
Published: July 2019

In this study, we aimed to develop a cellulose/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) electrospun immobilized GOx enzyme patch with reverse iontophoresis for noninvasive monitoring of interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose levels (0.1–0.6 mM dm−3).
Constraint spaces in carbon materials
Authors: Itoi Hiroyuki , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Inagaki Michio
Published: July 2019

Nano-sized pores in carbon materials give certain constraints to the encapsulated materials by keeping them inside. We review recent experimental results related to these constraint spaces and the spaces created by carbon coating.
Linker length in fluorophore–cholesterol conjugates directs phase selectivity and cellular localisation in GUVs and live cells
Authors: O' Connor Darragh , Byrne Aisling , Keyes Tia E.
Published: July 2019

By inserting a hexyl linker between a BODIPY probe and cholesterol pendant, the localization of the probe at ternary phase separated GUVs switches from Ld to Lo domains with high specificity.
Detection of streptavidin–biotin intermediate metastable states at the single-molecule level using high temporal-resolution atomic force microscopy
Authors: Mondarte Evan Angelo , Maekawa Tatsuhiro , Nyu Takashi , Tahara Hiroyuki , Lkhamsuren Ganchimeg , Hayashi Tomohiro
Published: July 2019

Energy landscape illustration from the streptavidin–biotin binding dynamics observed in high temporal-resolution AFM.
One-pot synthesis of amides via the oxidative amidation of aldehydes and amines catalyzed by a copper-MOF
Authors: Jamalifard Samira , Mokhtari Javad , Mirjafary Zohreh
Published: July 2019

A method for oxidative amidation of aldehydes with primary amines was developed to synthesise a variety of amides using Cu2(BDC)2DABCO (Cu-MOF) as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, and N-chlorosuccinimide and aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidants in acetonitrile.
Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis
Authors: Garlyyev Batyr , Fichtner Johannes , Piqué Oriol , Schneider Oliver , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Calle-Vallejo Federico
Published: July 2019

In this perspective, key aspects for the identification, design and optimization of active centers at the surface of electrocatalysts are analyzed.
A near-infrared thienyl-BODIPY co-sensitizer for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Shah Md Faiz , Mirloup Antoine , Chowdhury Towhid H. , Alexandra Sutter , Hanbazazah Abdulkader S. , Ahmed Anas , Lee Jae-Joon , Leclerc Nicolas , Abdel-Shakour M. , Islam Ashraful
Published: July 2019

Two NIR BODIPY dyes T′2P2A and T′′2P2A were synthesized and used as photosensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Catalyst-free and efficient fabrication of highly crystalline fluorinated covalent organic frameworks for selective guest adsorption
Authors: Liao Qiaobo , Ke Can , Huang Xin , Zhang Guiyang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Zewei , Zhang Yiying , Liu Yunzhong , Ning Fangyi , Xi Kai
Published: July 2019

A catalyst-free and efficient method is employed to fabricate highly crystalline fluorinated COFs, which exhibit excellent selective dye adsorption performance.
Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for solution processed non-volatile memory devices
Authors: Wang Ruopeng , Li Huilin , Zhang Luhong , Zeng Yu-Jia , Lv Ziyu , Yang Jia-Qin , Mao Jing-Yu , Wang Zhanpeng , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting
Published: July 2019

A memory device is demonstrated based on g-C3N4 nanosheets with a non-volatile behavior and a bipolar switching characteristic.
A multifunctional smart window: detecting ultraviolet radiation and regulating the spectrum automatically
Authors: Wu Liangliang , Fang Huajing , Zheng Cheng , Wang Qing , Wang Hong
Published: July 2019

A multifunctional smart window for detection and shielding of UV radiation is realized by integrating photodetectors with electrochromic hydrogels.
Hybrid lead halide [(CH3)2NH2]PbX3(X = Cl−and Br−) hexagonal perovskites with multiple functional properties
Authors: García-Fernández Alberto , Juarez-Perez Emilio Jose , Bermúdez-García Juan Manuel , Llamas-Saiz Antonio Luis , Artiaga Ramón , López-Beceiro Jorge Jose , Señarís-Rodríguez María Antonia , Sánchez-Andújar Manuel , Castro-García Socorro
Published: July 2019

[(CH3)2NH2]PbX3(X = Cl−and Br−) hexagonal perovskites exhibit a first order phase transition, dielectric transition and broad red light photoluminescence emission.
Overexpression of long noncoding RNA HOXB-AS3 indicates an unfavorable prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhuang Xiao-hong , liu Ying , Li Jin-ling
Published: July 2019

Long noncoding RNA HOXB cluster antisense RNA 3 (HOXB-AS3) has been reported to be dysregulated in several tumors. The present study mainly aims at the investigation in how HOXB-AS3 works in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to elucidate the mechanism involved. Initially, ‘GEPIA’ was mined to examine the differential expression levels and prognostic value of HOXB-AS3 in EOC patients. The expression of HOXB-AS3 in EOC cell lines and patient specimens was examined with quantitative RT-PCR. Simultaneously, the correlation of HOXB-AS3 expression with a variety of clinicopathological factors and patient survival was analyzed. MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were performed to analyze the cell viability of EOC cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were carried out to determine EOC cells’ capability of migrating and invading. The impact of HOXB-AS3 on EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was explored with the approach of Western blot. We found that in both EOC cell lines and tissues, HOXB-AS3 expression was significantly up-regulated, and its high expression was an independent prognostic marker of poor outcome for EOC patients. In vitro loss-of-function assays revealed that HOXB-AS3 knockdown inhibited EOC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, and induced EOC cells’ apoptosis. Furthermore, we validated that down-regulated HOXB-AS3 attenuated the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to suppress the invasion, migration and proliferation of EOC cells. To sum up, the present study came up with the conclusion that HOXB-AS3 acts as an oncogenic gene in EOC progression through HOXB-AS3-Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulation, providing a novel insight into EOC tumorigenesis.
Empagliflozin prevents cardiomyopathy via sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in type 2 diabetes mice
Authors: Xue Mei , Li Ting , Wang Yue , Chang Yunpeng , Cheng Ying , Lu Yunhong , Liu Xiangyang , Xu Linxin , Li Xiaoyu , Yu Xiaochen , Sun Bei , Chen Liming
Published: July 2019

Cardiovascular complications contribute to the major mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure. EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial has reported that empagliflozin, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, exerts cardiovascular benefits on diabetic population. However, the mechanism by which empagliflozin alleviates DCM still remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the cardiac protective effects of empagliflozin on spontaneous type 2 diabetic db/db mice and its potential mechanism. Eight weeks of empagliflozin treatment (10 mg/kg/day) decreased body weight and blood glucose level, and increased urinary glucose excretion (UGE) in diabetic mice. Echocardiography revealed that both systolic and diastolic functions of db/db mice were also obviously improved by empagliflozin. Furthermore, empagliflozin-treated diabetic mice presented with amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In addition, diabetic hearts exhibited the deterioration of oxidative stress, apoptosis and pyroptosis, while these effects were significantly counteracted after empagliflozin treatment. Moreover, empagliflozin rescued diabetes-induced suppression of sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme)-cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-PKG (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) pathway. However, when sGC-β expression of hearts was inhibited by transvascular delivery of small interfering RNA, cardiac dysfunction was aggravated and the advantages of empagliflozin were reversed through inhibiting sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway. Collectively, these findings indicate that empagliflozin improves cardiac function involving the inhibition of oxidative stress-induced injury via sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway and may be a promising therapeutic option for DCM.
Computerized Speechreading Training for Deaf Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pimperton Hannah , Kyle Fiona , Hulme Charles , Harris Margaret , Beedie Indie , Ralph-Lewis Amelia , Worster Elizabeth , Rees Rachel , Donlan Chris , MacSweeney Mairéad
Published: July 2019

Purpose

We developed and evaluated in a randomized controlled trial a computerized speechreading training program to determine (a) whether it is possible to train speechreading in deaf children and (b) whether speechreading training results in improvements in phonological and reading skills. Previous studies indicate a relationship between speechreading and reading skill and further suggest this relationship may be mediated by improved phonological representations. This is important since many deaf children find learning to read to be very challenging.

Method

Sixty-six deaf 5- to 7-year-olds were randomized into speechreading and maths training arms. Each training program was composed of a 10-min sessions a day, 4 days a week for 12 weeks. Children were assessed on a battery of language and literacy measures before training, immediately after training, and 3 months and 11 months after training.

Results

We found no significant benefits for participants who completed the speechreading training, compared to those who completed the maths training, on the speechreading primary outcome measure. However, significantly greater gains were observed in the speechreading training group on one of the secondary measures of speechreading. There was also some evidence of beneficial effects of the speechreading training on phonological representations; however, these effects were weaker. No benefits were seen to word reading.

Conclusions

Speechreading skill is trainable in deaf children. However, to support early reading, training may need to be longer or embedded in a broader literacy program. Nevertheless, a training tool that can improve speechreading is likely to be of great interest to professionals working with deaf children.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8856356
Overestimation problem with ANN and VSTF in optical communication systems
Authors: Ikuta K. , Otsuka Y. , Fukumoto Y. , Nakamura M.
Published: July 2019

The authors investigated the problem of overestimation with the Volterra series transfer function (VSTF) and an artificial neural network (ANN), which are used for non‐linear equalisers in optical communication systems. The results revealed that the risk of predicting a pseudo‐random binary sequence (PRBS) pattern, which causes overestimation of the equaliser performance, occurs not only with an ANN but also with the VSTF. When using PRBS9, PRBS11 and PRBS15, the number of taps of a feedforward tapped delay line, which is required in the VSTF to predict the PRBS pattern, was the same as that with the ANN. When the second‐order Volterra kernels were omitted, a larger number of taps was required in the VSTF to observe the overestimation.
Bifunctional reconfigurable metasurface for manipulating reflected waves in real‐time with broad tuning band
Authors: Liao Dashuang , Wang Haogang , Zhang Youfei , Qian Chao
Published: July 2019

A bifunctional reconfigurable phase‐modulated metasurface for manipulating reflected waves is proposed. Each constituent element incorporates a varactor diode, and the reflection response of the unit cell can be tuned through feeding different bias voltages. Thus, the entire phase distribution of the metasurface is modulated to achieve different electromagnetic responses by controlling the active meta‐atoms. As the bias voltage changes from 0 to 19 V, the measured resonant frequency shifts from 6.5 to 8.7 GHz, resulting in a broad tuning band. Here, the functionalities of beam deflection and focusing are experimentally demonstrated at microwave frequencies, which can be switched in real‐time using a programmable voltage controller. The proposed metasurface provides a promising versatile platform for numerous applications, such as smart stealth missions and holograms.
Low‐profile transmitarray lens antenna of X‐band with one layer of substrate and metallic vias
Authors: Yu Shixing , Kou Na , Ding Zhao , Zhang Zhengping
Published: July 2019

A low‐profile transmitarray lens design is presented at X‐band, which is composed of only one layer of substrate with thickness of 0.13 free‐space wavelengths. The transmitted unit cell utilises structure of two metallic layers and four via holes, broadening the transmitted phase shift range to more than 310° while transmission magnitude is within −3 dB under normal incidence. A prototype of the transmitarray lens with aperture size of 280 mm is designed, simulated and measured. Measurement and simulation results agree well with each other and gain of 23.9 dBi is obtained at 10 GHz; the proposed low‐profile transmitarray lens antenna could be applied to practical X‐band radar systems with low cost and convenience.
Synthesis of a new signal processing window
Authors: Kulkarni R.G.
Published: July 2019

A new window function is proposed in this Letter, which can be used for two different applications like, suppression of co‐channel interference and suppression of harmonics, by just varying the two parameters in the window. The proposed window is compared with the other efficient windows employed in these applications, and it is found to be equally or more efficient.
Toward the participatory human‐centred community an exploration of cyber‐physical public design for urban experience
Authors: Fu Zhiyong , Chao Chiju , Wang Huan , Wang Yandi
Published: July 2019

With the development of information technology, designing urban experience faces an unprecedented challenge: the combination of cyber information and physical facilities. Cyber‐Physical Social System (CPSS) forms the connection between virtual and physical objects, public and private, activeness and passiveness, leading an innovative way to explore human‐centred design practice in the context of city and community. The challenges faced by urban communities and extend the design practice of SPSS in combination with public participation community design and Living Lab method. Through three practical cases and related evaluation feedbacks, this study presents a Cyber‐Physical Public Design (CPPD) model of a human city. The CPPD model is constructed based on CPSS with the human‐centred concept. By combining physical touch points with virtual information world, it is possible to collect data on residents’ lives and improve the city's public facilities and space design, rebuild the urban communities to better meet the needs of the public.
Grid integration and a power quality assessment of a wave‐energy park
Authors: Parwal Arvind , Fregelius Martin , Leijon Jennifer , Chatzigiannakou Maria , Svensson Olle , Strömstedt Erland , Temiz Irina , de Oliveira Janaina Goncalves , Boström Cecilia , Leijon Mats
Published: July 2019

This study presents a step toward the grid connection of a wave‐energy park through an electric power conversion system (EPCS) developed and installed for the wave‐energy harvesting in Lysekil, Sweden. The EPCS comprises a rectifier, a DC bus, and an inverter followed by a harmonic filter (HF). The higher‐ and lower‐order harmonics injected by the inverter in a power quality context are investigated. The lower‐order voltage harmonics partially distort the voltage‐source inverter output grid current. A phase‐locked loop‐based (PLL) grid‐phase tracking is used to attenuate the lower‐order harmonics by reflecting the grid harmonics in the inverter output. An expression for the grid‐current harmonics as a function of the grid‐voltage harmonics has been derived and implemented. A mathematical model is derived to obtain a transfer function for the PLL, and finally, proportional–integral gains are tuned for stable system operation. An HF for mitigating the higher‐order harmonics has been implemented. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated experimentally, and the results fulfil the grid‐code requirements at various frequencies and harmonic orders.
First detections of H13CO+ and HC15N in the disk around HD 97048
Authors: Booth Alice S. , Walsh Catherine , Ilee John D.
Published: July 2019

Observations of different molecular lines in protoplanetary disks provide valuable information on the gas kinematics, as well as constraints on the radial density and temperature structure of the gas. With ALMA we have detected H13CO+ (J = 4–3) and HC15N (J = 4–3) in the HD 97048 protoplanetary disk for the first time. We compare these new detections to the ringed continuum mm-dust emission and the spatially resolved CO (J = 3–2) and HCO+ (J = 4–3) emission. The radial distributions of the H13CO+ and HC15N emission show hints of ringed sub-structure whereas, the optically thick tracers, CO and HCO+, do not. We calculate the HCO+/H13CO+ intensity ratio across the disk and find that it is radially constant (within our uncertainties). We use a physio-chemical parametric disk structure of the HD 97048 disk with an analytical prescription for the HCO+ abundance distribution to generate synthetic observations of the HCO+ and H13CO+ disk emission assuming LTE. The best by-eye fit models require radial variations in the HCO+/H13CO+ abundance ratio and an overall enhancement in H13CO+ relative to HCO+. This highlights the need to consider isotope selective chemistry and in particular low temperature carbon isotope exchange reactions. This also points to the presence of a reservoir of cold molecular gas in the outer disk (T ≲ 10 K, R ≳ 200 au). Chemical models are required to confirm that isotope-selective chemistry alone can explain the observations presented here. With these data, we cannot rule out that the known dust substructure in the HD 97048 disk is responsible for the observed trends in molecular line emission, and higher spatial resolution observations are required to fully explore the potential of optically thin tracers to probe planet-carved dust gaps. We also report non-detections of H13CO+ and HC15N in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk.
The bridge: a transient phenomenon of forming stellar multiples
Authors: Kuffmeier M. , Calcutt H. , Kristensen L. E.
Published: July 2019

Context. Observations with modern instruments such as Herschel reveal that stars form clustered inside filamentary arms of ~1 pc length embedded in giant molecular clouds (GMCs). On smaller scales of ~1000 au, observations of IRAS 16293–2422, for example, show signs of filamentary “bridge” structures connecting young protostars to their birth environment.

Aims. We aim to find the origin of bridges associated with deeply embedded protostars by characterizing their connection to the filamentary structure present on GMC scales and to the formation of protostellar multiples.

Methods. Using the magnetohydrodynamical code RAMSES, we carried out zoom-in simulations of low-mass star formation starting from GMC scales. We analyzed the morphology and dynamics involved in the formation process of a triple system.

Results. Colliding flows of gas in the filamentary arms induce the formation of two protostellar companions at distances of ~1000 au from the primary. After their birth, the stellar companions quickly approach, at Δt ~ 10 kyr, and orbit the primary on eccentric orbits with separations of ~100 au. The colliding flows induce transient structures lasting for up to a few 10 kyr that connect two forming protostellar objects that are kinematically quiescent along the line-of-sight.

Conclusions. Colliding flows compress gas and trigger the formation of stellar companions via turbulent fragmentation. Our results suggest that protostellar companions initially form with a wide separation of ~1000 au. Smaller separations of a ≲ 100 au are a consequence of subsequent migration and capturing. Associated with the formation phase of the companion, the turbulent environment induces the formation of arc- and bridge-like structures. These bridges can become kinematically quiescent when the velocity components of the colliding flows eliminate each other. However, the gas in bridges still contributes to stellar accretion later. Our results demonstrate that bridge-like structures are a transient phenomenon of stellar multiple formation.
Convergence analysis of a LDG method for tempered fractional convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Ahmadinia Mahdi , Safari Zeinab
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a local discontinuous Galerkin method for tempered fractional convection–diffusion equations. The tempered fractional convection–diffusion is converted to a system of the first order of differential/integral equation, then, the local discontinuous Galerkin method is employed to solve the system. The stability and order of convergence of the method are proven. The order of convergence O(hk+1) depends on the choice of numerical fluxes. The provided numerical examples confirm the analysis of the numerical scheme.
How do substitutability and effort asymmetry change resource management in coupled natural-human systems?
Authors: Oh Woi Sok , Muneepeerakul Rachata
Published: July 2019

Humans require multiple natural resources for their wellbeing and assign different portions of their efforts to secure resources due to their limited time and energy. When one resource is scarce, it may be replaced with a substitute which may fully or partially cover the shortage. However, existing research of coupled natural-human systems (CNHS) usually focuses on a single resource and misses these aspects. To fill the gaps, we question: how would substitutability and effort asymmetry influence system responses, resource management, and sustainability? Building on an existing conceptual framework, we developed a CNHS model with two resources and infrastructures in a centralized governance structure. Model analysis showed that substitutability and effort asymmetry significantly influence policy flexibility, performance, and sustainability of the coupled system, thereby highlighting challenges and offering insights in governing systems with multiple resources.
A novel ANFIS-based MPPT controller for two-switch flyback inverter in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Azizi Abdolreza , Izadfar Hamid Reza
Published: July 2019

Solar energy is recognized as one of the most popular renewable energy sources due to its availability around the world. Because of the intermittent generation of solar power, it is vital to extract the maximum power available from solar panels all day long. For this purpose, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are investigated in several papers. In this paper, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based MPPT controller with just one current sensor has been proposed to achieve that intent. To extract the maximum power from the solar panel, a DC-AC isolated two-switch flyback inverter is connected between the solar panel and the load. To transfer the maximum power to the load, the duty cycle of this converter must be generated with the aid of the proposed ANFIS method. This ANFIS structure takes the voltage and the current of the photovoltaic (PV) module as inputs and generates the maximum power point voltage as the output. Then, with the aid of a fuzzy controller, an appropriate duty cycle will be generated to control the switches of the two-switch flyback inverter. To validate this proposed system, the MATLAB-PSIM co-simulation was done. The results prove that the proposed MPPT controller for a two-switch flyback inverter can track the maximum power under different atmospheric conditions (irradiance and temperature), as well as other advantages from our investigation.
Multiple striated heat fluxes patterns on the EAST first wall generated by lower hybrid wave absorption in the scrape-off layer
Authors: Gan K. F. , Li M. H. , Gong X. Z. , Maingi R. , Zhang B. , Chen M. W. , Gray T. K. , Wirth B. D.
Published: July 2019

Multiple striated heat fluxes on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) first wall are observed with lower hybrid wave (LHW) heating on the EAST device. Our analysis indicates that the heat source for the striated heat flux is from LHW absorption in the scrape-off layer (SOL). Magnetic field line tracing from the front of the LHW antenna grills is in good agreement with the striated heat flux profile. In addition, the relative intensity of the LHW absorption in the SOL is consistent with the measured striated heat flux. Furthermore, the heat flux at inner strike points and outer strike points significantly decreased when the ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) wave was switched off, while there was no change for the striated heat flux, which suggests that the striated heat flux is independent of the injected power to the core plasma.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of Na-doped aluminosilicate glasses and glass-water interaction
Authors: Baral Khagendra , Li Aize , Ching Wai-Yim
Published: July 2019

The structure and properties of sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) glasses are investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional calculations. Four NAS glass models of about 700 atoms with composition (SiO2)0.6(Al2O3)0.4-x(Na2O)x with Na/Al ratio R = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 are constructed corresponding to x = 0, 0.135, 0.20 and 0.24. Detailed information on network coordination, electronic structure, interatomic bonding and partial charge distribution, mechanical and optical properties of these models are presented and fully analyzed. The structural details for each R are discussed in terms of short- and intermediate-range order manifested in the coordination number, atomic pair and bond angle distributions. It is shown that the mechanical strength of NAS glasses decreases with increasing Na content, indicating that pure aluminosilicate glass is stronger than the alkali-doped glasses. We use the novel concept of total bond order density to characterize the internal cohesion of the NAS glasses. In the case of R = 1 NAS model, 12 water molecules are added to investigate the solvation effect and hydrolysis in NAS glass.
Characterization of the electromechanical properties of YCa4O(BO3)3 single crystals up to 800 °C
Authors: Zu Hongfei , Zheng Yanqing , Wang Qing-Ming
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the significant electromechanical properties of the novel high-temperature piezoelectric single crystals YCa4O(BO3)3 (YCOB) were fully characterized over the temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C, including the dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric properties, and electromechanical coupling coefficients and mechanical quality factor. More importantly, the complex coefficients were completely determined which take into account the mechanical and electrical losses of the material and, therefore, can describe the crystal behavior more accurately. The complete measurement procedures and calculation methods required to obtain all of these parameters were proposed. YCOB resonators with 23 different types of orientations were designed and measured, and all of the independent dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic coefficients (4, 10, and 13, respectively), 6 important coupling factors, and the mechanical quality factor were determined. It was found that (1) the dielectric permittivity and loss increase dramatically and nonlinearly with the rise of temperature; (2) the elastic compliance constants basically increase linearly as the temperature rises, while the stiffness constants decrease linearly; (3) the piezoelectric charge constants dij increase slightly with the elevated temperatures; (4) the coupling factors and mechanical quality factor decrease linearly with an increase of the temperature, and the coupling factors are in the range of 0.005–0.052, and the quality factor drops from 10 300 to 1300 with the temperature increasing from room temperature to 800 °C.
Drift-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of m = 0 modes in Z-pinch plasmas
Authors: Angus J. R. , Dorf M. , Geyko V. I.
Published: July 2019

The effects of m = 0 modes on equilibrium Z-pinch plasmas are studied in this paper using a drift-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. The model equations are an extension of ideal MHD to include finite-ion-inertial-length/cyclotron-frequency (Ωi) effects in Ohm's law and in the electron and ion heat transport equations. The linear modes contained in this model include the ideal interchange (sausage) mode and in the magnetized limit, Ωiτi≫1 with τi the ion collision time, nonideal entropy modes. It is well known that these two modes are decoupled in the kρs≪1 limit, where k is the axial mode number and ρs=cs/Ωi is the gyro-Bohm scale with cs the sound speed [B. Kadomtsev, Sov. Phys. JETP-USSR 10, 780 (1960)]. For Bennett equilibrium profiles, it is shown that the regions of stability for both modes are completely governed by the adiabatic coefficient γ in these limits. Equilibria with Bennett profiles are stable to entropy modes for γ < 2 but unstable to ideal modes and vice versa for γ > 2. However, these modes are no longer decoupled when kρs≳1. The simulation results of the fully nonlinear set of equations in the magnetized limit show that seeded modes with kρs≳1 and γ = 5/3 display the characteristics of both ideal and entropy modes. The general heat flux for both ions and electrons as a function of the species magnetization is retained in the model. Both the linear and nonlinear behaviors of seeded modes for kρs≳1 display a strong dependence on the magnetization of the ions. The growth rate increases linearly with k at large kρs when the ions are magnetized but decreases with increasing k when Ωiτi≲1.
The effects of intraparticle structure and interparticle interactions on the magnetic hysteresis loop of magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Boekelheide Zoe , Miller Jackson T. , Grüttner Cordula , Dennis Cindi L.
Published: July 2019

Technologically relevant magnetic nanoparticles for biomedicine are rarely noninteracting single-domain nanoparticles; instead, they are often interacting, with complex physical and magnetic structures. In this paper, we present both experimental and simulated magnetic hysteresis loops of a system of magnetic nanoparticles with significant interparticle interactions and a well-defined intraparticle structure which are used for magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia cancer treatment. Experimental measurements were made at 11 K on suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in H2O which have been frozen in a range of applied magnetic fields to tune the interparticle interactions. Micromagnetic simulations of hysteresis loops investigated the roles of particle orientation with respect to the field and of particle chaining in the shape of the hysteresis loops. In addition, we present an analysis of the magnetic anisotropy arising from the combination of magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy, given the well-defined internal structure of the nanoparticles. We find that the shape of the experimental hysteresis loops can be explained by the internal magnetic structure, modified by the effects of interparticle interactions from chaining.
An ensemble learning model based on Bayesian model combination for solar energy prediction
Authors: Chang Jian-Fang , Dong Na , Ip Wai Hung , Yung Kai Leung
Published: July 2019

To improve the reliability of solar irradiance prediction methods, an ensemble learning method based on the Bayesian model combination has been developed in this paper for solar utilization systems. First, a novel data sampling method has been proposed, including the advantages of clustering and cross validation, which can effectively ensure that the training subsets are different from each other and can cover a variety of different meteorological samples. Second, an ensemble learning model with multiple base learners has been designed. Each training subset is utilized to train the corresponding base learner. Then, a novel Bayesian model combination strategy expands hypothesis space E on Bayesian model averaging, which is applied to frame the combination strategy based on the accuracy of each base learner on the validation set. The prediction values of multiple learners are framed through the model combination strategy. Thus, a novel ensemble learning model based on Bayesian model combination has been established. Finally, experiments are carried out and the proposed method is compared with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-means (Radial Basis Function) RBF, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multikernel SVM. The annual average mean absolute error of the ensemble learning method based on Bayesian model combination is reduced by 0.0374 MJ×m−2 compared with the ensemble learning method. The annual average mean absolute error of the proposed method is reduced by 42.6%, 38.2%, 52%, and 48.7%, respectively, compared with ANN, K-means RBF, SVM, and Multikernel SVM. The effectiveness as well as the reliability of the proposed method in solar energy prediction have been found to perform better and have verified our approach.
Vibration monitoring of an open-type one-way tensioned membrane structure based on stereovision
Authors: Sun Xiaoying , Wu Hangzi , Wu Yue
Published: July 2019

Membrane structures are lightweight and flexible, and the responses of them are of great importance to evaluate the dynamic characteristics. However, when observing the dynamic responses by using conventional measurements (e.g., laser displacement meter), there are several disadvantages, such as high-cost, low sampling efficiency, and only one-dimensional data being obtained, especially for the membrane structures in the field of civil engineering. Therefore, a stereovision measurement is organized by proposing a series of algorithms which are based on a newly built mathematical model. The calibration toolbox based on OpenCV is adopted for the camera calibration. After that, edge detection, determination of central pixel coordinates, continuous tracking, and matching of circular feature points between different images are solved in the process of image processing. Finally, the new-formed stereovision measurement system is adopted to observe the responses of an open-type one-way tensioned membrane structure in free-vibration and aeroelastic wind tunnel test. After the feasibility and validity of this measurement system are verified, the full field displacement distributions of this tensioned structure under different wind speeds are presented. This successful application implies that such stereovision measurement can make up the disadvantages of the conventional measurements. Such stereovision measurement can be used to measure the responses of the structures in the field of civil engineering.
Quasioptical modeling of wave beams with and without mode conversion. II. Numerical simulations of single-mode beams
Authors: Yanagihara K. , Dodin I. Y. , Kubo S.
Published: July 2019

This work continues a series of papers where we propose an algorithm for the quasi-optical modeling of electromagnetic beams with and without mode conversion. The general theory was reported in the first paper of this series, where a parabolic partial differential equation was derived for the field envelope that may contain one or multiple modes with close group velocities. Here, we present a corresponding code paraxial ray description and its test applications to single-mode beams in vacuum and also in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma. The numerical results are compared with analytic formulas from Gaussian-beam optics and also with cold-plasma ray tracing, respectively. The quasi-optical simulations of mode-converting beams are reported in the third paper of this series.