bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and computational techniques (DFT, HSA, ELF) Studies of a New 2- Ethylanilinium Phosphite[CH3CH2C6H4NH3]PO3
Authors: Belhabra M. , Zerraf S. , Ouasri A. , Makhloufy S. El , Elmehdi M. , Belghiti M. E. , Zeroual A. , Syed A. , Wang Shifa , Belaaouad S.
Published: January 2024

Chemical preparation, crystal structure characterization, and computational techniques (DFT, HAS, and ELF) provided a comprehensive characterization of the structural, electronic, and intermolecular interaction properties for the new synthesized crystal, 2-ethylanilinium phosphite [CH3CH2C6H4NH3]PO3, abbreviated as C8H12NH2PO3.This organic-inorganic phosphite was synthesized by reaction of phosphorous acid H3PO3with a solution of N,N-Dimethylaniline C8H11N. Single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis shows that this compound crystallizes in the triclinic system with P-1(Z=2)space group, and the unit cell parameters: a=4.6042(2) Å; b=10.3863(4) Å c=10.7848(5) Å, a=90.115(3)°,β=97.878(3)°, g=98.462(3)°, V=505.18(4) Å3. The structure refinement is made by the least-squares method with full matrix at R = 0.036, and wR2 = 0.109 for 1989 independent reflections. In the title structure, anions [H2PO3]- and cations [CH3CH2C6H4NH3]+ are linked together by medium to strong hydrogen bonds, forming a 3D-complex network, which ensures the structural cohesion. A comparative study using standard deviation (SD) among bond lengths and angles, obtained by X-ray diffraction and DFT minimized geometrical descriptors using a B3LYP/lanl2dz/scrf=(solvent=water) /pop=(nbo, savenbos) basis set, which leads to calculate the SD average percentage at (+4.99%) for Bond lengths and at (+2.014%)for Angles. 3D-MEPs and the FMO (HOMO/LUMO) were used to assess the Local and Global reactivity for C8H12NH2PO3. Molecular orbital contributions are evaluated by DOS (Density of States). The intermolecular interactions properties were determined for C8H12NH2PO3 by Hirshfeld surface analyses (HSA). The HSA results indicate that N–H⋯O & O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds are the primary intermolecular interactions responsible for stabilizing the crystal structure of this particular supramolecular assembly. The combined experimental and computational approach allowed a detailed understanding of the synthesized material at the molecular and crystalline level.
Comparative Study of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Authors: Akhtar Shammem
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe and multifarious anxiety disorder precipitated by exposure to psychotically stressful events, it occur 5 to 10 % in population (Yehuda et al., 2015). And it is characterized by constant disturbing memories about the traumatic event, consisting escaping of stimuli associated with the disturbance and persistent symptoms of increased stimulation. PTSD is triggered by either bodily trauma or psychological trauma, can be both (APA, 2013). Among the sufferers of traumas I-e traffic accidents, earth quake, floods, rape, from all psychological problems, PTSD is more frequent (Huang, et al., 2010).
OBJECTIVEV: The objective of the present study was to Analyzing effectiveness of cognitive therapy and (EMDR) behavior therapy for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder among PTSD patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The purposive sampling method was used, Sample consist on thirty known Post traumatic stress disorder, taken from Nishtar Hospital Multan from july 2022 to December 2023. Mississippi Scale for Combat Related Post Traumatic Stress disorder scale (Keane et al., 1988) was used to measure the degree of post-traumatic stress disorder. Three groups made as group one (A) ten patients provided cognitive therapy. Second ten groups (B) provided eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Third group made as control.
RESULTS: SPSS 26 version and t independent test used to know the significance of therapy effectiveness. Results showed significant difference in experimental group who provided cognitive behavior therapy (t=-3.588, df=18, p>0.05).Systematic desensitization for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (t=--2.527, df=18, p=0.05) concluded.
CONCLUSION: cognitive behavior therapy is more effective for the rapid and better management of PTSD.
Cholesterol and Vitamin D and the Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Liu Xiaohu , Zhou Xiaoting , Wang Jiao , Cai Aiqi , Zhang Yinhong , Zhang Jinman , Wu Ze , Zhu Baosheng
Published: January 2024

Background
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is becoming an increasingly substantial societal burden which affects 0.3–10.8% of pregnant women. Observational studies have investigated the impact of cholesterol and vitamin D on HG. However, the causality of associations among vitamin D, cholesterol and HG remains unknown.
Methods
We employed Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and Multivariable MR (MVMR) to investigate the causal associations between cholesterol, vitamin D and HG. The causality was mainly evaluated by inverse variance weighted method (IVW), meanwhile sensitivity analysis was performed by Cochrane Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, Funnel plot and Leave-one-out method. Bonferroni correction was used to determine causal association characteristics. Estimates from two different vitamin D sources were combined using the Fixed-effects meta-analysis methods.
Results
Our Two-sample MR results identified the effect of genetically predicted decreased vitamin D levels on increased genetic susceptibility to HG (p = 0.0006, OR:0.63, 95%CI:0.49–0.82). Our results also indicating that genetically predicted hypercholesterolemia contributes to increased genetic susceptibility to HG (p = 0.014; OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.04–1.48). However, in the MVMR analysis with hypercholesterolemia and vitamin D as co-variables, the causal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and HG was no longer significant (p = 0.479, OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.87–1.36), and the causal relationship between vitamin D and HG did not show significant changes (p = 0.012, OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.89). Sensitivity analyses were used to confirm the reliability.
Conclusion
This study provided evidence of a causal relationship between vitamin D and HG. Appropriate vitamin D supplementation have the potential to serve as a preventive and treatment measure for HG.
Early hint of mNGS and CNVs, an occult case of leptomeningeal metastasis with rapid cognitive decline
Authors: Chen Xueqin , Zheng Haotao , Wang Taoli , Feng Ziyang , Wang Jia , Liu Yangsicheng , Qin Wenxin , Qin Xiude , Kong Fanxin
Published: January 2024

Background: EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer may develop leptomeningeal metastasis during the terminal stage, significantly shortening the survival time of patients. Therefore, early detection and treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. However, heterogeneous clinical manifestations, non-specific imaging, and limited sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid cytology posed challenges to identifying leptomeningeal metastasis in the early stage of cancer.
Case presentation: Here we reported a case of lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR L858R mutation complained of rapid cognitive decline, whose magnetic resonance imaging showed interstitial brain edema. Under the circumstances of negative cerebrospinal fluid cytology, metagenome next-generation sequencing combined with Copy-number variations analysis was applied to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid for information on pathogenic microorganisms and chromosomes’ copy number, which indicated leptomeningeal metastasis and was confirmed in the subsequent cytology.
Conclusion: MNGS and CNVs of cerebrospinal fluid should be conducted when cancer patients come with unexplained neurological symptoms. Physicians should promptly distinguish leptomeningeal metastasis and initiate anti-tumor therapy to reduce brain damage and prolong the patient's survival period.
Interplay Between Neutrino Kicks and Hydrodynamic
Kicks of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
Authors: Janka Hans-Thomas , Kresse Daniel
Published: January 2024

Neutron stars (NSs) are observed with high space velocities and elliptical orbits in binaries. The magnitude of these effects points to natal kicks that originate from asymmetries during the supernova (SN) explosions. Using a growing set of long-time 3D SN simulations with the Prometheus-Vertex code, we explore the interplay of NS kicks that are induced by asymmetric neutrino emission and by asymmetric mass ejection. Anisotropic neutrino emission can arise from a large-amplitude dipolar convection asymmetry inside the proto-NS (PNS) termed LESA (Lepton-number Emission Self-sustained Asymmetry), which determines the kicks of NSs born from stars near the low-mass end of SN progenitors. In more massive progenitors aspherical accretion downflows around the PNS can also lead to anisotropic neutrino emission (absorption) with a neutrino-induced NS kick roughly opposite to (aligned with) the kick by asymmetric mass ejection. We estimate upper bounds for the final neutrino kicks of 150–260kms−1, whereas the hydrodynamic kicks can reach up to more than 1300kms−1. Therefore the hydrodynamic kicks dominate for NSs from explosions of higher-mass progenitors, whereas the neutrino kicks dominate in the case of NSs from the lowest-mass progenitors. Our models suggest that the Crab pulsar as a representative of the latter category could have received its velocity of ∼160kms−1 by a neutrino kick due to the LESA asymmetry. Such neutrino kicks of 100–200kms−1 define a nearly ubiquitous floor value, which may shed new light on the origin of pulsars in globular clusters. Black holes, if formed by the collapse of short-lived PNSs and solely kicked by anisotropic neutrino emission, obtain velocities of only some kms−1.
Questionnaire design and validation: perception of clinical simulation in nutrition and dietetics students
Authors: Espinoza Valentina , Marileo Luis , Viscardi Sharon
Published: January 2024

Background:
Clinical simulation is a strategy that forms part of new learning styles where students are placed at the center, where they are able to integrate different types of knowledge and develop skills and abilities that contribute to their training process.
Objective:
The objective of the study is to design and validate a questionnaire through expert judgment to assess the perception of clinical simulation in nutrition and dietetics students.
Methods
The questionnaire was applied to 90 nutrition and dietetics students and validated by expert judgment (22 experts). For construct validity, a factor analysis was performed using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine internal consistency.
Results
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy estimates (KMO = 0.857) and Bartlett’s statistical significance (p = 0.000) were calculated, where all questions were accepted as valid to the questionnaire. The principal component analysis method was used to obtain five components, accounting for 71,68% of the total variance explained, obtaining a percentage of explanation at appropriate acceptance levels. Each item was included in a single factor, based on its factorial load, establishing a minimum saturation criterion of 0.50. VARIMAX-based rotated factorial solutions formed a well-defined structure without overlapping. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.913 was obtained to evaluate the internal consistency of the questionnaire.
Conclusions
The questionnaire that was designed and validated reports high validity and reliability, where students express a high degree of satisfaction. This makes it a useful instrument for the teaching and learning process in clinical simulation.
An Analysis of ELT Practicum Supervisory Written Feedback and Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: Abdelhalim Safaa M. , Alsahil Asma Abdullah
Published: January 2024

Practicum supervisory feedback is widely regarded as a valuable source of knowledge and professional development for preservice teachers and contributes significantly to the practicum experience. This mixed-methods study examined the content and linguistic features of supervisory written feedback (SWF) within the context of English Language Teaching (ELT) practicum supervision. It also examined preservice teachers’ perceptions regarding the feedback to determine whether the feedback aligned with their perceptions. We considered data from 1,981 SWFs collected from 27 ELT practicum supervisors, along with preservice teachers’ responses to a questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The analysis revealed some congruity between the level, focus, and wording of the SWF and preservice teachers’ perceptions of the given feedback. Most feedback provided was on task performance, specifically evaluative. The study highlights the importance of language in SWF, showing that using words expressing cognitive meaning can promote students’ deeper thinking and, consequently, positive perception.
Chromatin shearing in suspension cell line: A guide for optimization
Authors: Chamoli Ambika , Vats Priyanka Patel , Upadhyay Vinal , Mandoli Amit
Published: January 2024

Background Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assess DNA-proteins interactions and hence helps to generate intricate relationships and vital information. ChIP is integrated with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine the genomic location of specific proteins or post-translational modifications at an individual locus or genome-wide. Although improved sample preparation and library preparation are present, ChIP-seq still endures the complexity of the protocol. The most sensitive and critical step involves the chromatin fragmentation step. The protocol for chromatin shearing varies with cell type and it is time-consuming, hence protocol standardization is required. Methods and Results In our work, we optimized the parameters required for chromatin shearing in suspension cell (Kasumi-1) using S220 Focused-ultra-sonicator (Covaris). To address this, the protocol starts with the fixation of cells with formaldehyde, cell lysis, and nuclei isolation. Chromatin shearing using various sonication buffers and sonicator parameters was performed to determine the efficient sonication condition. We have found success for sonication at the following settings: PIP of 150 W, DF 7.0%, CPB 200, and water fill level 12 generating fragments of approximately 250–600 bp in 7 min. We determined percentage of SDS (0.15%) and DOC (0.05%) in the sonication buffer was an important variable to achieve the desired fragmentation pattern. Conclusions From our study, we found the optimal percentage of detergents in the sonication buffer and the duration of sonication for resulting desired fragmentation pattern. The fragmentation is critical for good coverage and resolution of data, without losing material due to over-fragmentation, hence shearing determines the success of the experiment.
The prevalence and risk factors of orthostatic hypotension with cardiovascular diseases: An observational study
Authors: Yang Zhongxue , Liu Jie , Meng Fan , Zhang Luqi , Zhen Yanjie , Wang Kai , Chen Ni , Zhao Bin
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular disease can aggravate the degree of blood pressure drop in patients after standing, causing orthostatic hypotension, thus leading to the occurrence of adverse events such as syncope and fall. The focus of this study was to describe the prevalence and explore risk factors of orthostatic hypotension in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Methods:
An observational study was conducted on patients who had cardiovascular disease from October 2021 to October 2022 in a hospital in Hebei Province, China. Blood pressure was measured in the supine position and within 3min after standing. Data on demographic data, combined disease, taking anti-hypertensive drugs and examination indicators were collected by using a physician-administered questionnaire and clinical records. A logistic regression was used for the risk factors of orthostatic hypotension in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease.
Results:
The study included 759 patients with a mean age of 62.0 (55.0–68.0) years, male predominance (68.0%, n = 516), and orthostatic hypotension (23.8%, n = 181). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age [compared to the age group of [18,41), the OR (95%CI) for the age group of [61,71) was 6.182 (1.390 ~ 27.497), the OR (95%CI) for the age group of ≥ 71 years was 5.007 (1.059 ~ 23.676)], combined arrhythmia[compared with no combined arrhythmia, the combined arrhythmia OR (95%CI) was 3.552 (2.223 ~ 5.674)], higher mean systolic BP in the supine position[the OR (95%CI) was 1.029 (1.014 ~ 1.043)], higher total cholesterol [the OR (95%CI) was 1.252(1.013 ~ 1.546)], take calcium channel blockers anti-hypertensive drugs[compared with not taking calcium channel blockers anti-hypertensive drugs, the OR (95%CI) for taking calcium channel blockers anti-hypertension drugs was 1.661(1.062 ~ 2.597)], take β-blocker anti-hypertensive drugs [compared with not taking β-blockers anti-hypertensive drugs, the OR (95%CI) for taking β-blockers anti-hypertensive drugs was 1.985(1.262 ~ 3.125)] were risk factors for orthostatic hypotension in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in cardiovascular disease inpatients are high. Health care providers should pay more attention to orthostatic hypotension, carry out targeted prevention and management measures for key groups with risk factors, reduce the incidence of adverse events, improve the quality of nursing, and promote the health recovery of patients.
Gender (Dis)identification in Anorexia: An Analysis of Tumblr and the Anonymity of Skinny Bodies
Authors: Demaria Cínthia , Achilles Linda , Mandl Thomas , Consenza Domenico , Laguárdia Nádia , Oliveira Rafael
Published: January 2024

Faced with the wide range of social networks on the Internet today, the platforms which offer anonymity have gained prominence among adolescents. As a platform which is home for much LGBTQIA+ activism worldwide, Tumblr has been the choice of many young people for sharing content about their lives. To research the manifestation of content about anorexia published on this social network, we investigated the presence of the hashtags #maletofemale and #femaletomale, which refer to bodies in gender transition, together with the hashtag #anorexia. After collecting and analyzing more than 10,000 posts on Tumblr, identifying subjects with a symptom that favors non-identification with a gender but with asexual bodies is perceived as if the ideal of thinness could hide the biological sex of post authors. The analysis shows the differences of the topics on anorexia posted by males, females and a transsexual group. It was observed that the identification with anorexia remains fluctuating in this network, based on a disidentification with sex. The transition is thus supported in different positions from similar bodies, almost identical and identified by their excessive thinness.
Impact of Antibiotics, Corticosteroids, and Microbiota on Immunotherapy Efficacy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zapata-García María , Moratiel Alba , Isla Dolores , Gálvez Eva , Gascón-Ruiz Marta , Sesma Andrea , Barbero Raquel , Galeano Javier , Campo Rosa del , Ocáriz Maitane , Quílez Elisa , Cruellas Mara , Remírez-Labrada Ariel , Pardo Julian , Martínez-Lostao Luis , Domingo María Pilar , Esteban Patricia , Torres-Ramón Irene , Yubero Alfonso , Paño Jose Ramón , Lastra Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Lung cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with its high mortality rate attributed mainly to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has revolutionized its treatment, patient response is highly variable and lacking predictive markers. We conducted a prospective study on 55 patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI therapy to identify predictive markers of both response and immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) in the airway microbiota. We also analyzed the clinical evolution and overall survival (OS) with respect to treatments that affect the integrity of the microbiota, such as antibiotics and corticosteroids. Our results demonstrated that respiratory microbiota differ significantly in ICI responders: they have higher alpha diversity values and lower abundance of the Firmicutes phylum and the Streptococcus genus. Employing a logistic regression model, the abundance of Gemella was the major predictor of non-ICI response, whereas Lachnoanaerobaculum was the best predictor of a positive response to ICI. The most relevant results were that antibiotic consumption is linked to a lower ICI response, and the use of corticosteroids correlated with poorer overall survival. Whereas previous studies have focused on gut microbiota, our findings highlight the importance of the respiratory microbiota in predicting the treatment response. Future research should explore microbiota modulation strategies to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Understanding the impact of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and microbiota on NSCLC immunotherapy will help personalize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
Bi2S3/Ti3C2-TPP Nano-Heterostructures Induced by Near-Infrared for Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Photothermal Therapy on Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Jiang Hanwen , Sun Jingxian , Liu Fucong , Zhao Yuanjiao , Chen Xin , Dai Changsong , Wen Zhaohui
Published: January 2024

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) semiconductor has been severely restricted by its electron–hole pairs (e−−h+) separation inefficiency and oxygen (O2) deficiency in tumors, which greatly hinders reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and further clinical application of Bi2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedicine.
Results Herein, novel Bi2S3/titanium carbide (Ti3C2) two-dimensional nano-heterostructures (NHs) are designed to realize multimode PDT of synchronous O2 self-supply and ROS generation combined with highly eﬃcient photothermal tumor elimination for hypoxic tumor therapy. Bi2S3/Ti3C2 NHs were synthesized via the in situ synthesis method starting from Ti3C2 nanosheets (NSs), a classical type of MXene nanostructure. Compared to simple Bi2S3 NPs, Bi2S3/Ti3C2 NHs signiﬁcantly extend the absorption to the near-infrared (NIR) region and enhance the photocatalytic activity owing to the improved photogenerated carrier separation, where the hole on the valence band (VB) of Bi2S3 can react with water to supply O2 for the electron on the Ti3C2 NSs to generate ·O2− and ·OH through electron transfer. Furthermore, they also achieve 1O2 generation through energy transfer due to O2 self-supply. After the modification of triphenylphosphium bromide (TPP) on Bi2S3/Ti3C2 NHs, systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations were conducted, revealing that the synergistic-therapeutic outcome of this nanoplatform enables complete eradication of the U251 tumors without recurrence by NIR laser irradiation, and it can be used for computed tomography (CT) imaging because of the strong X-ray attenuation ability.
Conclusion This work expands the phototherapeutic effect of Bi2S3-based nanoplatforms, providing a new strategy for hypoxic tumor theranostics.
Bug Prediction Models: seeking the most efficient
Authors: Marçal Ingrid , Garcia Rogerio Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Choosing the most appropriate machine learning model for bug prediction tasks is critical. This paper primarily compares the predictive power of individual models versus ensemble models. We begin by experimenting with popular single-machine learning models commonly used in bug prediction, like neural networks and support vector machines. Additionally, we test with ensemble models that combine individual models' unique strengths, aiming to maximize each's benefits. Our evaluation is based on datasets containing historical development data from well-known open-source software projects. We rely on various metrics when assessing the models, encompassing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Based on our research findings, it has been observed that ensemble models tend to outperform single models, particularly when it comes to maintaining resilience across various datasets.Nevertheless, factors like the project's complexity, data availability, and computational resources all play a role in determining whether to use single or ensemble models. This paper offers a thorough analysis of the factors to consider when selecting machine learning models and approaches for bug prediction, providing valuable insights into the field. Furthermore, it offers practical advice for professionals, enabling them to make informed choices.
The putative effects of carboplatin based neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor microenvironment of epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Li Yunyun , Li Fei , Li Yao , Liu Xue , Zhang Cuiying , Hu Li-na
Published: January 2024

For late-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) patients, carboplatin based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed interval debulking surgery (IDS) could be alternative choice. The failure of immune checkpoint inhibitors combining chemotherapy for EOC patients promote us to comprehensively understand the impact of NACT on the tumor mircroenvironment (TME) of EOC. Methods: The RNA-sequencing profiles of EOC patients before and after NACT were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated and further analyzed using GO and KEGG analyses. The variation of immune cell infiltration upon NACT was analyzed by CIBERSORT and further identified using immunohistochemistry and multi-immunofluorescence assays. Results: A total of 6 GEO datasets were included in our study, and 1138 DEGs were found compared the pre-NACT with post-NACT groups. The inflammation-related IL-17 signaling pathway and the apoptosis-related P53 signaling pathway were the most enriched signaling pathways in post-NACT tissues. A diagnostic pattern using the 6 hub genes, figured out by protein network analysis, could efficiently distinguish the normal ovarian tissues from the gynecology malignancies, including OC. Upon NACT, the phenotype of immune cells in the TME was more complex. Infiltrating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and M1 macrophages significantly decreased, while the proportion of resting NK cells significantly increased. Although total M2 macrophages did not change significantly, the morphology and phenotype of relative macrophages changed, especially the lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1) + macrophages. LYVE1 + macrophages co-expressed with CD206 but not CD68+, and they formed multicellular “nest” structures in the stroma, which might be related to chemotherapy sensitivity of EOC. Conclusion: The alterations in the TME of EOC following NACT exposure were complex and dynamic. Not only the tumor cells, but also immunological factors are involved in mediating the chemotherapeutic response. The LYVE1 + CD206 + perivascular TAMs were identified in EOC patients, and this specific subtype TAMs might be correlated with chemotherapeutic response, which will allow for the future development of novel immunologic therapies to combat chemoresistance.
Persistence of Anemia in Celiac Disease patients despite a Gluten Free Diet: A retrospective study
Authors: Valvano Marco , Chiara Giansante , Vinci Antonio , Maurici Massimo , Fabiani Stefano , Stefanelli Gianpiero , Cesaro Nicola , Angelo Viscido , Caloisi Claudia , Giovanni Latella
Published: January 2024

Background: The main treatment for Celiac Disease (CD) is the gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some CD patients, iron deficiency anemia can be persistent despite a GFD.
Aim: In this study, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in both adult and pediatric CD patients at the diagnosis and during the GFD.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study including both adult and pediatric CD patients, the demographic characteristics and hemoglobin, iron, folate and vitamin B12 levels were retrospectively retrieved from patients’ medical records at the time of diagnosis (T0); after 3-5 years (T1) and after 8-10 years (T2) of GFD.
Results: 311 CD patients (184 adult and 127 pediatric patients) were included in the study. No difference was observed in the prevalence of anemia in the overall population after 3-5 years of GFD in both adult and pediatric patients compared to the diagnosis. At T2, in the adult patient’s group, only a slight reduction in the prevalence of anemia was observed (24% vs 17.8% p=0.043).
Conclusions: Despite the GFD and a very long observational period the diagnosis of anemia persists in 17.8% and 4.4% of adult and pediatric patients, respectively. The diagnostic delay (longer in adult patients) and a more pronounced ultrastructural mucosal injury could play a role in the persistence of anemia despite the GFD.
National Trends in The Treatment of Adult Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Rare Clinical Scenario
Authors: Desai Jay , Rajkumar Sujay , Shepard Matthew , Herbst John , Karlovits Stephen , Hasan Shakir , Horne Zachary , Wegner Rodney
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) include all gliomas with a diffuse growth pattern occurring in midline structures of the brainstem. These tumors are classified as World Health Organization grade 4 with a mean survival between 9 and 19 months following diagnosis. There is currently no standard of care for DMG, and palliative radiation therapy has been proven to only extend survival by months. Our current study aims to report current treatment trends and predictors of the overall survival of DMG.
Methods: We searched the National Cancer Database for adult patients treated for DMG from 2004 through 2020. Patients were required to have been treated with primary radiation directed at the brain with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were used to determine predictors of overall survival.
Results: Of the 131 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 113 (86%) received radiation and chemotherapy. Based on multivariable Cox regression, significant predictors of survival were Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index and race. Patients with a Charlson-Deyo score of 1 had 2.72 times higher odds of mortality than those with a score of 0. Patients not identifying as White or Black had 2.67 times higher odds of mortality than those identifying as White. The median survival for all patients was 19 months.
Conclusions: Despite being considered ineffective, chemotherapy is still administered in most adult patients diagnosed with DMG. Significant predictors of survival were Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index and race.
Shared Environmental Challenges: A Comparative Analysis of Saline Lakes and Inland Seas' Decline.
Authors: Sultonov Zafarjon , Pant Hari K.
Published: January 2024

The study employs a comparative analyses using case study approach to identify the main drivers and factors for saline lakes and inland seas’ decline. Additionally the study investigates the potential outcomes and negative consequences and adverse effects associated with this issue. Furthermore, the research focuses on emergence of a new threat in the face of climate change and it’s implication for the decline of saline lakes and inland seas. The main objective of the study is to provide an overview of the current situations and potential scenarios and provide solutions in the context of changing climatic conditions which is very crucial to efficiently managing the issue of saline lakes and inland seas’ decline across the globe.
Racial Disparities in Diabetes Care and Outcomes for Patients with Visual Impairment: A Descriptive Analysis of the TriNetX Research Network
Authors: Madlock-Brown Charisse , Lee Austen , Seltzer Jaime , Solomonides Anthony , Mathews Nisha , Phuong Jimmy , Weiskopf Nicole , Adams William G. , Lehmann Harold , Espinoza Juan
Published: January 2024

Background: This research delves into the confluence of racial disparities and health inequities among individuals with disabilities, with a focus on those contending with both diabetes and visual impairment.
Methods: Utilizing data from the TriNetX Research Network, which includes electronic medical records of roughly 115 million patients from 83 anonymous healthcare organizations, this study employs a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to pinpoint confounders and augment interpretation. We identified patients with visual impairments using ICD-10 codes, deliberately excluding diabetes-related ophthalmology complications. Our approach involved multiple race-stratified analyses, comparing co-morbidities like chronic pulmonary disease in visually impaired patients against their counterparts. We assessed healthcare access disparities by examining the frequency of annual visits, instances of two or more A1c measurements, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements. Additionally, we evaluated diabetes outcomes by comparing the risk ratio of uncontrolled diabetes (A1c > 9.0) and chronic kidney disease in patients with and without visual impairments.
Results: The incidence of diabetes was substantially higher (nearly double) in individuals with visual impairments across White, Asian, and African American populations. Higher rates of chronic kidney disease were observed in visually impaired individuals, with a risk ratio of 1.79 for African American, 2.27 for White, and non-significant for the Asian group. A statistically significant difference in the risk ratio for uncontrolled diabetes was found only in the White cohort (0.843). White individuals without visual impairments were more likely to receive two A1c tests, a trend not significant in other racial groups. African Americans with visual impairments had a higher rate of glomerular filtration rate testing. However, White individuals with visual impairments were less likely to undergo GFR testing, indicating a disparity in kidney health monitoring. This pattern of disparity was not observed in the Asian cohort.
Conclusions: This study uncovers pronounced disparities in diabetes incidence and management among individuals with visual impairments, particularly among White, Asian, and African American groups. Our DAG analysis illuminates the intricate interplay between SDoH, healthcare access, and frequency of crucial diabetes monitoring practices, highlighting visual impairment as both a medical and social issue.
Non-contrast CT attenuation value of renal papilla is a novel predictor of recurrence in kidney stone disease
Authors: Kohjimoto Yasuo , Yamashita Shimpei , Iwahashi Yuya , Deguchi Ryusuke , Wakamiya Takahito , Hara Isao
Published: January 2024

In calcium stone formers, most stones grow attached to Randall’s plaque, which can be identified by measuring the computed tomography (CT) attenuation value of renal papilla. We hypothesized that the CT attenuation value of renal papilla can predict the severity (recurrent or multiple stone former) and recurrence of the stone disease. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 180 calcium oxalate stone formers who underwent non-contrast CT and 24-hour urine chemistry in our hospital between September 2012 and November 2021. Two observers independently measured the Hounsfield unit (HU) of the renal papilla and classified the patients into the low-HU and the high-HU value groups according to the median value (38.9 HU). The proportion of recurrent and multiple stone formers were similar between the low-HU group and the high-HU group (70.0% vs 65.6%, 71.1% vs 74.2%, respectively). There were also no significant differences in urinary volume, urinary excretions of each constituent, or AP(CaOx) index between the two groups. On the other hand, the recurrence rate in the high-HU value group (0.10 events/person/year) was significantly higher than that in the low-HU value group (0 events/person/year, p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that high-HU value was an independent predictor of stone recurrence (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.00-3.64, p = 0.04) as well as medical prophylaxis. The results of this study suggest that HU value of renal papilla is a useful predictor of recurrence of stone disease.
Analysis of Balancing Solar & Battery Power Control for a Microgrid System
Authors: Vrtis James , Polat Ediz
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses an evaluation of multiple simulations to balance the solar and battery output power in a microgrid system. The microgrid battery system is connected in parallel to a photovoltaic power system and hydrogen electrolyzer. The battery output is controlled by developing a signal response from a solar power reference. The solar power reference utilized balances battery power output during periods of solar irradiance. There are four simulations conducted in this study which evaluate the effectiveness of delivering continuous power over a 72-hour time frame to a hydrogen electrolysis and storage system. The simulations integrate four different control signals and two different control systems. There are advantages and disadvantages to utilizing an n-D lookup table and digital control signal for battery control, and are outlined from the results of the simulations.
Comparative Study of ML Algorithms for Garbage Classification
Authors: Buchade Siddhant J. , Bhoite Sachin
Published: January 2024

In today's world, the escalating waste crisis demands effective garbage classification strategies. As population growth and evolving needs contribute to unprecedented waste generation, repurposing items through recycling, reproduction, or reuse becomes imperative. Proper garbage classification is pivotal in realizing these goals. This paper presents a concise yet comprehensive comparative study of machine learning algorithms for garbage classification. The primary objectives include comparing the performance of MobileNetV2, InceptionV3, and ResNet in garbage classification and scrutinizing optimal algorithms employed by researchers. The dataset comprises six garbage classes: cardboard, metal, paper, plastic, glass, and trash. Through rigorous evaluation, insights into algorithmic performance are presented. MobileNetV2 stands out, achieving a remarkable 94.48% accuracy on the validation set with minimal loss. InceptionV3 and ResNet50 yield accuracies of 86.08% and 88.54%, respectively. This study not only contributes to garbage classification knowledge but also highlights the real-world potential of the top-performing algorithm. As we address waste management complexities, this research signifies a step toward implementing efficient and accurate garbage classification systems for a sustainable future.
Inflammation Patterns in Omicron Variant-Linked COVID-19: Assessing Biomarkers for Predicting Disease Severity
Authors: Amin Saman M. , Said Serwan Muhammad Amin , Rasul Hardy Hassan
Published: January 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the identification of effective biomarkers to gauge disease severity. C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, and White Blood Cell counts (WBCs) have emerged as potential indicators of COVID-19 severity and prognosis. This research, conducted at Qalla Hospital, enrolled 112 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 35 healthy controls, employing comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluations that included CRP, D-Dimer, and WBC measurements. The diagnosis of COVID-19 adhered to established clinical criteria and was confirmed through SARS-CoV-2 testing, with stringent assessments to ensure precise participant classification.
The results unveiled significantly elevated CRP (p-value=0.0001), D-Dimer (p-value=0.0001), and WBCs in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Elevated CRP levels, indicative of inflammation, increased D-Dimer levels associated with coagulation abnormalities, and raised WBCs within the CRP level (0.943), indicative of an immune response, were prevalent in COVID-19 patients. Gender distribution was balanced, while comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (25%), hypertension (34.8%), kidney disease (6.2%), and multiple concurrent diseases (34%) were prevalent in the COVID-19 cohort.
The discussion underscores the substantial differences in CRP, D-Dimer, and WBCs, emphasizing their potential as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring COVID-19 severity. These biomarkers could serve as critical tools in evaluating disease progression, predicting complications, and guiding tailored therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, CRP, D-Dimer, and WBCs exhibited marked disparities between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Continued investigation into the utility of these biomarkers may refine risk stratification and treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in COVID-19 management. A deeper understanding of the clinical implications of CRP, D-Dimer, and WBC levels could profoundly impact disease management and patient care strategies.
Effects of Pile-Driving Induced Ground Vibrations and Stress Distribution to Close Settlements: A Case Study
Authors: Öngen Tuğçe , Yetkin Mustafa Emre , Kılınç Mehmet Emre
Published: January 2024

The pile method, applied in the foundational operations of construction to enhance soil bearing capacity, is utilized in locations where there is insufficient soil support. Its purpose is to reinforce the foundation and improve soil stability before constructing a structure. In this study, vibrations occurring during the application of Vibrex-type piles for foundation reinforcement in a construction project located in the Konak district of Izmir Province were measured at various distances from the measurement points. The study further explored the influence of pile application on soil stability, considering the geomechanical properties of the site's soil structure. The resulting analysis from the study's graph indicates that stress and vibration velocity remain at optimal levels, suggesting favorable working conditions.
Computing optimal drug dosing regarding efficacy and safety - the enhanced OptiDose method in NONMEM
Authors: Bachmann Freya , Koch Gilbert , Bauer Robert J. , Steffens Britta , Szinnai Gabor , Pfister Marc , Schropp Johannes
Published: January 2024

Recently, an optimal dosing algorithm (OptiDose) was developed to compute the optimal drug doses for any pharmacometrics model for a given dosing scenario. In the present work, we enhance the OptiDose concept to compute optimal drug dosing with respect to both efficacy and safety targets. Usually, these are not of equal importance, but one is a top priority, that needs to be satisfied, whereas the other is a secondary target and should be achieved as good as possible without failing the top priority target. Mathematically, this leads to state-constrained optimal control problems. In this paper, we elaborate how to set up such problems and transform them into classical unconstrained optimal control problems which can be solved in NONMEM. Three different optimal dosing tasks illustrate the impact of the proposed enhanced OptiDose method.
How do pH and polyphenols affect the foaming properties of ovalbumin?
Authors: Wen Hedi , Zhang Deju , Ning Zhenzhen , Li Zihao , Zhang Yan , Liu Jingbo , Yu Ting , Zhang Ting
Published: January 2024

To broaden the application of ovalbumin (OVA) in food formulations, it is meaningful to improve its foaming characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of benzoic acid-based (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, DA) and cinnamic acid-based polyphenols (trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid, T2A) on the foaming properties of OVA at acidic (pH 3.0), neutral (pH 7.4) and alkaline (pH 9.0) pH conditions. Both the addition of polyphenols and acid treatment enhanced the foaming properties of OVA. Surface hydrophobicity, circular dichroism, free sulfhydryl groups, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated that after acidic workup, the presence of stronger hydrophobic interactions in OVA-polyphenol aggregates induced more disordered protein conformation and conversion or breakage of disulfide bonds. Particle size and zeta potential experiments indicated that acidic treatment neutralized protein surface charges, further inducing self-aggregation and swelling of OVA, ultimately enhancing foaming properties. Comparatively, T2A exhibited better foam-inducing capacity due to its stronger interaction with OVA, leading to the unfolding of the OVA structure and the exposure of more hydrophobic groups. The intrinsic and 3-D fluorescence spectra experiments also confirmed that OVA-T2A aggregates at pH 3.0 had greater altered non-covalent interaction forces and protein secondary and tertiary structures compared to other complexes. This study could provide a theoretical basis for designing protein formulations with excellent foaming properties.
Orgânico ou Organicwashing? Influência do Selo Certificador Oficial Orgânico no Comportamento do Consumidor
Authors: Andreoli Tais Pasquotto , Kano Melissa Miyuki , Silva Patrícia Cardoso
Published: January 2024

O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar e comparar a influência da exposição do selo certificador verde oficial orgânico no comportamento do consumidor em relação a esses produtos e à prática de adoção de selos verdes. Para tanto, foi elaborado um referencial teórico sobre a alimentação orgânica e o mercado orgânico, especificando-se na rotulagem ambiental, com os selos certificadores verdes, atrelada à perspectiva de capacidade de influência no comportamento do consumidor, inclusive frente ao contexto de crescente prática de greenwashing (ou, neste caso, mais especificamente, organicwashing). Adotou-se uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, realizada por meio de dois experimentos online, em etapas subsequentes: uma fase preliminar exploratória (n=20) com monitoramento ocular (eyetracker), seguido da fase explicativa (n=91) com coleta de dados e análise quantitativa. Em ambos os casos, foram comparados dois diferentes selos verdes expostos em um mesmo produto alimentício: o selo oficial orgânico versus um selo fictício (denominado natural), caracterizando o greenwashing/organicwashing. Com isso, foi possível visualizar a influência dos selos certificadores verdes no comportamento do consumidor, atestando a credibilidade do selo oficial orgânico, tendo em vista sua capacidade de agregação de valor. Apesar disso, também se evidenciou aqui os pontos limitantes do mercado orgânico, como a falta de informação e desconhecimento por parte do consumidor, assim como a apreciação negativa quanto ao preço elevado dos produtos.
A linear algebra-based approach to understanding the relation between the winding number and zero-energy edge states
Authors: Lee Chen-Shen
Published: January 2024

The one-to-one relation between the winding number and the number of robust zero-energy edge states, known as bulk-boundary correspondence, is a celebrated feature of 1d systems with chiral symmetry. Although this property can be explained by the K-theory, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that, even without resorting to advanced mathematical techniques, one can prove this correspondence and clearly illustrate the mechanism using only Cauchy’s integral and elementary algebra. Furthermore, our approach to proving bulk-boundary correspondence also provides clear insights into a kind of system that doesn’t respect chiral symmetry but can have robust left or right zero-energy edge states. In such systems, one can still assign the winding number to characterize these zero-energy edge states.