bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) ventilation vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in the emergency department; a study conducted in two hospitals in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Sahan , Epasinghe Dilan , Fernando Amitha , Jayasekera Krishantha
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Acute pulmonary oedema is a life-threatening condition, and some patients require noninvasive ventilation such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation for improving alveolar ventilation and haemodynamic stability, thus, improving pulmonary oedema. This study aims to determine the efficacy and suitability of the CPAP vs. BiPAP ventilation in patients with acute pulmonary oedema following acute heart failure.Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized prospective clinical trial at the emergency treatment unit of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka and Base Hospital, Panadura. Group A patient received pressure limits of IPAP-8 -20 cm H2O, EPAP-4-10 cm H2O and Group B received CPAP 10 - 15 cm H2O and oronasal mask is used. Patients who do not tolerate CPAP were changed to BiPAP.Results: Our study demonstrated that in addition to the standard medical care, after 2 hours of treatment, both CPAP and BiPAP improve vital parameters, oxygenation / blood gases, and ameliorate respiratory distress, effectively managing acute pulmonary oedema. A few patients (5.8%) stated that Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) is quite difficult to tolerate, but more than 60% of patients agreed that NIV was given less discomfort for them. However, patients receiving BiPAP demonstrated higher heart rate (102 ± 9.282) than the CPAP group 84 ± 13.326 at the end of treatment.Conclusions: At the end of the treatment, both CPAP and BiPAP treatment modalities are capable of improving vital parameters and respiratory distress even though BiPAP group demonstrated higher heart rate at the end of treatment. However, the study does not demonstrate any significant difference of clinical benefit of BiPAP vs CPAP.
Medical humanities, humane medicine and self-reflection
Authors: Goonesinghe Satish K. , Waidyarathne Eisha I.
Published: August 2024

No abstract available
Presentation of preventive measures in Sinhala television news telecasts during the second wave of Covid-19 in Sri Lanka; an observational infoveillance study
Authors: Chandrasiri Amila , Fernando Manoj , Mahesh Buddhika , Gunesekara Surajith , Udayanga Samitha , Rajakulathunga Damith , Fernando Judy , Wijerathna Lakshmini , Warnakulasuriya Kasunya , Perera Chathurya
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The promotion of preventive measures is regarded as the most effective public health response to the Covid-19 pandemic. A significant proportion of Sri Lankans rely on television to access news. This Infoveillance study was done to assess the content related to preventive measures for Covid-19, included in Sinhalese television news telecasts.Methods: An observational infoveillance study was conducted by performing both quantitative and content analyses of Covid-19 related content included in Sinhala prime time news-bulletins in four of the mostly viewed television channels within a period of two weeks.Results: Movement restriction as a preventive measure was illustrated with brief descriptions in 25.0% of the news bulletins. However, highlighting the importance of wearing face masks (7.1%), social distancing (8.9%), hand washing (8.9%) and avoiding gatherings and crowded places (16.1%) were low. A variation of reporting was noted among the four different channels. The content analysis has revealed a lack of objective descriptions of contact tracing and graphical illustrations of epidemiology. Conclusions: News bulletins generally fail to provide the public with complete and adequate information about preventive measures. A discrepancy was noted in the volumes of reporting of different preventive strategies and a variation of reporting was noted among the four different channels.
Desmoid Fibromatosis of the Oesophagus Creating an Oesophageal Diverticulum in a 2-year-old Girl
Authors: Murli Divya , Smriti Vasundhara , Yadav Subhash , Trivedi Bhakti , Qureshi Sajid S.
Published: August 2024

Extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis arising from the oesophagus and the contemporaneous traction diverticula due to an oesophageal tumour is extremely rare. We present this complex situation in a 2-year-old girl which posed a surgical challenge requiring simultaneous management of multiple pathologies. Surgery addressed both the entities and the presence of the diverticulum facilitated achieving negative surgical margins.
Single-stage Open Lobectomy and Modified Ravitch Procedure in an Infant with Coexisting Severe Pectus Excavatum and Congenital Cystic Adenomatous Malformation
Authors: Ukwuani Solomon Ifeanyi , Abdullahi Isah , Ajadi Muideen Adegbola , Umar Abubakar
Published: August 2024

Coexisting congenital cystic adenomatous malformation of the lungs and severe pectus excavatum (PE) is an uncommon presentation that poses significant management challenges. Conventionally managed in a staged manner, there are increasing reports of superior outcomes with single-staged concurrent repair with minimally invasive techniques (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery [VATS] and minimally invasive repair of PE [MIRPE]). The outcome of a single-stage open repair for both anomalies has not been previously reported to the best of our search. We report the successful single-stage management of a 9-month-old infant with both anomalies who had an open lobectomy and modified Ravitch procedure. We aim to report the feasibility and safety of a single-stage concurrent repair of both conditions using open techniques, as VATS and MIRPE are not readily available in our environment.
The Use of Narco SS Score in Predicting Adverse Events in Children Undergoing Major Elective Abdominal Surgery at The University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Munkonka Martha , Bvulani Bruce C. , Mumpanshya Hazel , Mulenga Mulewa
Published: August 2024

Background:

The neurological, airway, respiratory, cardiovascular and other, with a subscore of surgical severity (NARCO-SS) is a scoring system which assesses the presence of systemic disease and the risk the operation poses to the patient. A number of patients that undergo major abdominal surgery suffer adverse events. The aim of the study was to determine the reliability of NARCO-SS in predicting peri-operative adverse events and to determine the risk factors for peri-operative adverse events in paediatric patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective cohort study. Consecutively sampled patients from December 2019 to December 2020 were used. Patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were scored pre-operatively and end points were; when an adverse event occurred or up to day 30. Analysis of the reliability of the tool, bivariate and multivariate logistics regression was done.

Results:

One hundred and nineteen patients were enrolled and 49% of them had adverse events. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses showed no significant association between the NARCO-SS score and the occurrence of adverse events. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (area under the curve) of the NARCO-SS for adverse events was 0.518; there was a significant correlation between high scores and mortality. Longer duration of surgery and complex surgery were the risk factors for adverse events.

Conclusions:

The NARCO-SS score was found to be a poor predictor of adverse events with a fair inter-rater reliability as a scoring tool. Future research could evaluate a modification of neurological and airway categories.
Situational Analysis of Selected NCDs—Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension among PLHIV Attending ART Center of Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wilson Blessy , Kosambiya J. K. , Patni Mohamed Anas
Published: August 2024

Background:

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the life of PLHIV with a longer life expectancy. The rising coexistence of non-communicable diseases (NCD)s especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) among PLHIV (people living with HIV) is much more complicated and demanding for the health system, patients, and their families. To document the current status of type 2 DM and HTN among known diabetic/hypertensive PLHIV attending ART center, tertiary care hospital of South Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:

A mixed method study (cross-sectional survey followed by qualitative in-depth interview) was conducted among 184 PLHIV on ART with history of Type 2 DM and/or Hypertension who were registered and availing services from ART center, tertiary care hospital. Convenient sampling technique was used. All the participants were interviewed using pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire, during their routine visits. In -depth interview (IDI) has been conducted to explore the delivery of NCD services at ART Centre.

Results:

Out of 184 PLHIV on ART, the most common co-morbidities were Type 2 DM (46.2%), HTN (39.13%), and 14.67% had both. Among total 184 participants, 64.1% were males and 35.9% were females. Only 22.3% of participants were availing treatment services for the above at tertiary care hospital. The study results showed a range of findings involving ART adherence, BMI, RBS, and BP measurements were included. IDI results described the NCD service delivery at ART Center.

Conclusions:

Study results suggest that the services received by PLHIV with NCD require an overhauling. Routine monitoring and strengthening of existing services should be focused to upgrade the quality and continuum of the care provided to PLHIV with NCD.
Frequency of Anemia/IDA and Associated Risk Factors Among Working Women of a Medical Center in Tehran, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Noghabaei Giti , Arab Maliheh , Payami Sara , Ghavami Behnaz , Nouri Behnaz , Parkhideh Roya
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The study aimed to examine anemia prevalence and risk factors in employed women at a medical center compared to unemployed women from a charity center, with anemia defined as hemoglobin <120 g/L and iron deficiency as serum ferritin <30 ng/mL or serum iron <10 mcg/dL.

Material and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 651 employed, non-pregnant randomly selected women aged 20–67 years. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic, nutritional, and obstetrical characteristics. Blood indicators such as hemoglobin, serum ferritin, iron, and TIBC were measured.

Results:

Out of 651 participants, 395 (60.7%) had anemia/IDA (Hb <120 g/L, ferritin <30 ng/mL, or iron <10mcg/dL), comprising 308 (47.3%) having IDA and 215 (33%) having anemia. Younger age (<40 years) and menorrhagia were individually associated with 1.84- and 2.79- times increased risk of developing anemia in the studied population, respectively. A higher number of shifts and lack of vegetable consumption were found to be significantly prevalent in the anemic group. The prevalence of anemia/IDA among hospital staff and referred women was 60.7% and 43.1%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The study emphasized the influence of employment on the prevalence of anemia/IDA among hospital staff compared to unemployed women.
Critical view of safety, a lighthouse for the surgeons in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective cohort study of 100 patients
Authors: Singla Girish , Mittal Sushil Kumar , Madaan Aarushi , Pahuja Vivek , Dugg Pankaj
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), like other surgeries, is of utmost importance. There are many landmarks defined to do the procedures safely. One of them is the critical view of safety (CVS). The present study focuses on the achievement of CVS and the factors affecting it.

Patients and Methods:

The prospective cohort study was carried out in 100 patients who underwent LC in our institute from January to December 2023. After obtaining informed consent, patients underwent LC with standard four port method and intraoperative observations were made. Statistical analysis was done on Microsoft Excel sheet version 2021 and SPSS software version 21. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Out of hundred patients, conversion to open was done in 12 patients. A significant association was found between the non-achievement of CVS with conversion to open (P < 0.00001). Factors that significantly affected the non-achievement of CVS were male gender (P < 0.00001) and obesity (P = 0.00322) as per the current study. Bile duct injury and bile leak (P = 0.0076) were significantly higher in patients where CVS was not achieved.

Conclusion:

CVS is an important landmark in LC. It helps to conduct the procedure safely and prevent injuries to bile ducts and vessels.
Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Life Outcomes Following Dental Implant Placement
Authors: Chakraborty Nabarun , Almudarris Ban A. , Gautam Parthsarthi , Laddha Rashmi , Giri Tapan K. , Patel Vishal D.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental implants have become a standard solution for the replacement of missing teeth, significantly influencing patient satisfaction and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate patient satisfaction and quality of life outcomes following dental implant placement.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 150 patients who received dental implants were included in this study. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a validated questionnaire covering various aspects such as esthetics, function, and comfort. Quality of life was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Data were collected at baseline (prior to implant placement) and at a 6-month follow-up.

Results:

Of the 150 patients, 135 (90%) completed the 6-month follow-up. The overall patient satisfaction score improved significantly from a baseline mean of 3.5 (SD = 1.2) to 8.2 (SD = 1.1) at the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Similarly, the OHIP-14 score showed a significant reduction, indicating improved quality of life, from a baseline mean of 32.0 (SD = 5.3) to 14.5 (SD = 4.2) at the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Subscales for pain, psychological discomfort, and social disability showed marked improvements.

Conclusion:

Dental implant placement leads to a significant increase in patient satisfaction and quality of life. These findings underscore the importance of dental implants as a viable option for the restoration of missing teeth and the enhancement of overall oral health and well-being.
Physiotherapists’ Perspectives about the use of Assistive Devices used by Persons with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Govindarajan Tagore , Turin Martina A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the disabilities recognized in Indian law, with a prevalence of 2.95 per 1000 children. Mobility, orthotics and positioning assistive devices are the most common requirements for persons with cerebral palsy. One of the primary responsibilities of physiotherapists is to prescribe essential assistive devices, facilitate training in their use and provide regular follow-up. They also collect feedback from end users about the devices.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to obtain feedback from physiotherapists about the use of assistive devices by persons with CP.

Materials and Methods:

This study adopted qualitative methodology, and data were collected from 22 physiotherapists working with persons with CP in a national institute and a non-government organization working for the rehabilitation of persons with CP in the state of Tamil Nadu. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Five focus group discussions were conducted and audio-recorded. The records were converted into transcripts and coded.

Results:

The following themes were identified and explained. 1. New assistive devices to be designed; 2. Upgrades and modifications required in assistive devices; 3. Difficulties faced by persons with cerebral palsy related to the use of assistive devices; 4. General repairs in assistive devices; and 5. Suggestions to enhance the designs, utility, and safety of the devices.

Conclusions:

The manufacturers, distributors, and service agencies of assistive devices need to concentrate on the concerns suggested by the physiotherapists and facilitate a conducive environment for persons with cerebral palsy while using the assistive devices.
In silico investigation of acetylcholinesterase-insecticide interactions in Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culicifacies using molecular docking
Authors: Sha Harish Chandra , Acharya Suvam , Sahu Bijayalaxmi , Barik Tapan Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background & Objective:

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge globally, with an estimated 249 million cases reported across 85 endemic countries and regions in 2022, reflecting an increase of 5 million cases from the previous year. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vectors responsible for transmitting malaria parasites to humans, with Anopheles stephensi and An.culicifacies being major vectors in urban and rural areas of India, respectively. This study aimed to understand the molecular interactions between two commonly used insecticides, temephos (a larvicide) and malathion (an adulticide), with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme of these mosquito species through molecular docking.

Methods:

The three-dimensional structures of AChE from An. stephensi and An. culicifacies were retrieved from the AlphaFold database, and the ligand structures of temephos and malathion were obtained from the PubChem database. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockVina and AutoDockTools to evaluate the binding affinities and interactions between the insecticides and the target AChE enzymes.

Results:

The docking results revealed stable binding energies ranging from -6.1kcal/mol to - 6.5 kcal/mol for the interaction between temephos and An. stephensi-AChE, and -4.8kcal/mol to -4.9 kcal/mol for the interaction between malathion and An. culicifacies-AChE. Specific amino acid residue such as LYS 426, HIS 462, GLU 443, TRP 436 were found to be present between the binding site of these insecticides and respective AChE enzymes.

Interpretation & conclusion:

These findings provide valuable insights into the potential effectiveness of temephos and malathion as larvicide and adulticide against these major malaria vectors. By studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of AChE by these insecticides certain new synthetic insecticides can be developed having similar mode of action which could be effective in vector control. Further research is warranted to experimentally validate the docking predictions, optimize the chemical structures, assess potential ecological impacts, and monitor insecticide resistance patterns for the successful implementation of integrated vector management programs.
Quality of Life among Colostomy Patients in Najran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulaziz Saad
Published: August 2024

Background:

Colostomy surgery significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) of patients, encompassing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. This study aimed to assess QoL among colostomy patients in Najran, Saudi Arabia, using the City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-OQ) Arabic version.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 colostomy patients at King Khaled Hospital. Demographic characteristics, colostomy-related factors, and QoL scores were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.

Results:

Participants aged 18–30 years reported higher physical QoL scores than older age groups. Marital status before colostomy, educational level, and body mass index significantly influenced psychological, social, and spiritual QoL domains. Fecal incontinence as a reason for colostomy was associated with lower psychological well-being scores. Notably, participants with “I do not know” as the type of colostomy reported higher spiritual QoL scores. The findings emphasize the intricate relationship between demographic and colostomy-related factors and QoL domains. These insights underscore the need for comprehensive care strategies, acknowledging the multidimensional nature of patients’ well-being.

Conclusion:

This study advances our understanding of QoL among colostomy patients in Saudi Arabia, offering insights for health-care professionals to develop more holistic care approaches. The findings illuminate the significance of multidimensional factors in shaping patients’ overall well-being, thus contributing to enhanced patient-centered care and improved QoL outcomes.
Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Intracranial and Extracranial Arterial Stenosis of Stroke Patients in the Southwestern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Saeed A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Stroke is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, affecting populations worldwide, including the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Intracranial arterial stenosis and extracranial arterial stenosis are recognized as common risk factors for stroke. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis among stroke patients residing in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia from January 2022 to December 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. Data were collected through a comprehensive review of medical records, capturing demographic information, risk factors, stroke subtype, severity, comorbidities, and results of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and transcranial Doppler examinations. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

In this study, 201 stroke patients were analyzed, with 113 (56.2%) males and 88 (43.8%) females. The prevalence of stenosis in stroke patients was 57.21%, with 63 patients having intracranial stenosis, 30 patients having extracranial stenosis, and 22 patients having both types of stenosis. Most intracranial stenosis cases exhibited 50%–69% stenosis, while extracranial stenosis cases were evenly distributed between 50%–69% and 100% stenosis. The presence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with stenosis (P values of 0.029, 0.005, 0.043, and 0.012, respectively). High glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and elevated triglyceride levels were also strongly correlated with stenosis (P values of 0.003 and 0.021, respectively).

Conclusion:

This study reveals a high prevalence (57.21%) of arterial stenosis in stroke patients in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, with diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease significantly associated with stenosis. Elevated HbA1c and triglyceride levels were strongly correlated with stenosis, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive risk factor management and targeted interventions to reduce stroke burden.
Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Indium and Myrrh against Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Asiri Ahmed Mufarah Ali , Mahzari Jaber Abdulrahman , Asiri Ibrahim Hassan , Aseeri Rahmah Ibrahim , Alshahrani Malak Saad , Alhammas Abdulrahman Mousa , Alshehri Saleh Ali , Alshahrani Atheer , Abudahish Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Background and Objective:

Treatment of bacterial infections is becoming challenging due to the increased rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. MDR organisms exhibit high resistance to the available antibiotics. Searching for alternative antibacterial agents is very urgent. Natural compounds possess antibacterial activity and may be utilized to kill MDR bacteria. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Myrrh extract and indium against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Materials and Methods:

The zone of inhibition assay (ZOI) was utilized to determine the killing activity of either myrrh or indium against 6 bacterial isolates. Micro-dilution method was then used to determine the MIC of indium.

Results:

Indium showed potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Myrrh extract exhibits toxic activity against only S. aureus. The rest of the tested isolates was resistant to myrrh extract. Using the broth micro-dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration of indium was then determined for all the tested strains.

Conclusions:

Based on the results obtained from the present study, indium and myrrh extract possess potent antibacterial activities against several Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Those two compounds have the potential to serve as alternatives to antibiotics.
Case Report: Brucellosis Mimicking Tuberculous Meningitis in a Child
Authors: Aslan Tuncay Sevgi , Akkoc Gulsen , Yilmaz Seyhan , Parlak Burcu , Canizci Erdemli Pinar , Dizi Isik Aylin , Kepenekli Eda
Published: August 2024

Neurobrucellosis is rare in children, presenting with a variety of clinical manifestations, including meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cranial neuropathies, and intracranial mass-like lesions. We present a case of a 17-year-old girl admitted to the hospital in Istanbul for headache. Lumbar puncture showed elevated intracranial pressure, monocytic pleocytosis, elevated total protein, and hypoglycorrhachia. Brucella melitensis grew from the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was treated with doxycycline, rifampin, amikacin, and ceftriaxone and showed persistent sensorineural hearing loss. It is essential to consider brucellosis in the differential diagnosis of infectious neurological disease in areas where the disease is endemic. Serologic tests and cultures are needed for diagnosis, and efforts need to be made to identify the infecting organism to the species level to guide zoonotic source control efforts.
Clinical Significance of Respiratory Involvement in Cryptosporidiosis: Cross-Sectional Study of Children with Diarrhea and Respiratory Symptoms in Uganda
Authors: Mor Siobhan M. , Ndeezi Grace , Ascolillo Luke R. , Tasimwa Hannington B. , Attipa Charalampos , Sponseller Jerlyn , Mukunya David , Nakato Ritah , Kayondo Lilian N. , Tzipori Saul , Tumwine James K. , Griffiths Jeffrey K.
Published: August 2024

Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is considered an occasional, late-stage complication of HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the clinical importance of respiratory cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Children aged 9 to 36 months presenting with diarrhea and cough or unexplained tachypnea (N = 1,918) were screened for fecal Cryptosporidium using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Children with positive stool samples were eligible for further diagnostic tests, including sputum induction. Sputum samples were subjected to PCR for Cryptosporidium, as well as routine microbiology (culture and gram stain) and auramine stain for tuberculosis. Regression analyses were used to investigate 1) factors associated with respiratory cryptosporidiosis and 2) whether respiratory cryptosporidiosis was independently associated with hospitalization. Prevalence of enteric cryptosporidiosis was 260/1,918 (13.6%) (>80% Cryptosporidium hominis). Of the 236 children who had sputum available for analysis, 62 (26.3%) had Cryptosporidium in the sputum, only two of whom had HIV infection. Children with Cryptosporidium in the sputum were more likely to have abnormal oxygen saturation at presentation (SpO2 <96%; P = 0.053); no other differences in frequency or severity of respiratory signs were noted. No alternative bacterial cause of respiratory symptoms was identified in 37.7% of children with respiratory cryptosporidiosis, compared with 23.6% of children without (P = 0.04). Sputum-positive children had twice the odds of hospitalization compared with children without Cryptosporidium infection at this site (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–4.22; P = 0.043). Respiratory tract involvement is common in children with intestinal cryptosporidiosis who are experiencing respiratory symptoms. Such children may experience some degree of respiratory compromise and may be at increased risk for hospitalization.
APPLICATION OF MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY IN IMMUNO INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES. CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Паневин Т.С. , Карева Е.Н.
Published: August 2024

Период пери- и постменопаузы характеризуется развитием множества социально значимых экстрагенитальных заболеваний, в том числе ревматических. Отмечена взаимосвязь между уровнем женских половых гормонов и активностью ревматических заболеваний. В настоящей публикации представлен клинический случай успешного применения менопаузальной гормонотерапии (МГТ) у пациентки с системной склеродермией (ССД). Показан рациональный подход к назначению МГТ с учетом оценки риска и выявления наличия возможных противопоказаний, а также возможного позитивного влияния МГТ и на течение ССД. Авторы не призывают назначать МГТ всем пациенткам с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями, однако ее применение при наличии реальных показаний может быть эффективно и безопасно.

The period of peri- and postmenopause is characterized by the development of many socially significant extragenital diseases, including rheumatic ones. A relationship has been noted between the level of female sex hormones and the activity of rheumatic diseases. This publication presents a clinical case of the successful use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in a patient with systemic scleroderma (SSc). A rational approach to prescribing MHT is shown, taking into account risk assessment and identifying the presence of possible contraindications, as well as the possible positive effect of MHT on the course of SSc. The authors do not call for prescribing MHT to all patients with immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but its use in the presence of real indications can be effective and safe.
60° EĞİMLİ İKİNCİL JETLERE SAHİP SINIRLANDIRILMIŞ ÇARPAN JET DİZİSİNDE ISI TRANSFERİ ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Keleş Haluk , Özmen Yücel
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmada, 60° eğimli ikincil jetlere sahip sınırlandırılmış çarpan dizi jet akışında çarpma yüzeyindeki ısı transferi etkileri hem deneysel hem de sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın deneysel kısmında, Reynolds sayısı değerleri 20000 ve 30000, levhalar arası açıklık değerleri 0.5, 1, 3 ve 6 için çarpma levhasının merkez ekseni üzerince termal kamera ile sıcaklık dağılımları elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sayısal kısmında ise, Reynolds sayısının 30000 değerinde aynı açıklık değerleri için Standard k-ε ve Standard k-ω türbülans modellerinin Kato Launder modifikasyonu ile 2-boyutlu çözümler gerçekleştirilmiş ve çarpma levhası üzerinde hesaplanan sıcaklık dağılımları deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Ölçümlenen sıcaklık dağılımlarıyla, Reynolds sayısı ve levhalar arası açıklık değerlerinin çarpma levhası üzerindeki Nusselt dağılımlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çarpma levhası boyunca Nusselt değerleri artan Reynolds sayısı ile artmakta, artan levhalar arası açıklık değerleri ile azalmaktadır. Çarpma levhası üzerinde ikincil jetlerin eksenleri doğrultusundaki çarpma konumlarında Nusselt sayısı pik değerler almakta ve oluşan piklerin konumları artan levhalar arası açıklı ile daha büyük ±r/D değerlerine kaymaktadır. Her iki türbülans modeliyle hesaplanan Nusselt dağılımlarının benzer olduğu ve çarpma bölgesinde deneysel sonuçlarla daha iyi bir uyumun sağlandığı görülmektedir.
ELEKTRONİK ATIKLARIN GERİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ İÇİN ÖN KIRMA VE ÖĞÜTME EKİPMANININ TASARIMI
Authors: Bulut Furkan , Çelik Ayhan
Published: August 2024

Günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmesi ile elektronik ürünler hem evlerde hem de işyerlerinde kullanılarak hayatı kolaylaştırmaktadır. Kullanım ömrü dolmuş elektronik ürünlere ise elektronik atık adı verilir. Elektronik atıklar yapılarında bulunan ağır metaller nedeniyle çevre ve insan sağlığının korunması için büyük bir tehdit unsuru oluşturmaktadır. Elektrikli ve elektronik atıkların geri dönüşümü sadece atıkların bertaraftı açısından değil aynı zamanda değerli materyallerin geri kazanımı açısından da önemlidir. Saf metaller yerine geri dönüştürülmüş materyallerin kullanılması öncelikle kayda değer enerji tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada hedeflenen shredder ve hammer(Çekiçli Kırıcı) makinelerinin kompakt bir yapı altında toplayıp kırma ve öğütme işlemlerinin aynı ekipman içerisinde yapılabileceğini göstererek hem maddi hem zaman hem de verim olarak kazanç sağlanabileceğini göstermek ve bu tip bir prosesin ilk defa kompakt bir tasarımda bir arada yapılabileceğini göstermek ve bu bağlamda geleceğe ışık tutmaktır. Yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde piyasada yer alan kırma işlemlerinin yapıldığı ekipmanlar istenilen tane boyutlarına göre, maliyet ve parça büyüklüklerine göre birçok çeşidi mevcuttur. Ön kırma elemanı olan shredder kısımları bıçak sayıları, şaft sayıları ve elek kısımları açısından birbirinden ayrılmaktadır. Ön araştırmalara göre dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar bıçakların sayısı, şaft sayısı, bıçakların tasarımı, kırma işlemlerinde bıçak kısımlarının zarar görmesi ve aşınması, malzemenin ön kırma ekipmanı içerisinde atlama yapmaması ve ekipman içerisinde sıkışma olmaması önem taşıyan hususlardır. Bu nedenle tork hesabının, redüktör gücünün hesaplanması, bıçak kısımların malzemeyi tutma açısından tasarımının uygun olması, elek kısmının tasarımı tıkanma olmaması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Ön kırma ve Çekiçli kırıcının kompakt bir yapıda olabilmesi için tasarımın buna uygun şekilde planlanmıştır.
Web-based Palm Oil Seedling Sales Information System (Case Study: CV. XYZ)
Authors: Ramadhani Siska , Sihombing Volvo , Juni Yanris Gomal
Published: August 2024

Oil palm seedling sales are one of the important aspects of the agricultural industry in Indonesia. However, conventional sales processes often encounter various obstacles, such as limited access to information for consumers, difficulties in inventory management, and low operational efficiency. To overcome these problems, this study aims to develop a Web-based Oil Palm Seedling Sales Information System at CV. XYZ. We designed this system to offer a comprehensive solution for sales management, encompassing stock recording and real-time transaction processing. This study uses a system development method with the waterfall method, in which the development stages include requirements, system design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. We collected data through direct observation at CV XYZ, interviews with management and customers, and related literature studies. Users then tested the prototype to identify potential problems and gather feedback for system improvement. According to the study's findings, the implementation of this web-based information system has resulted in increased efficiency in sales and inventory management. Users can easily access product information, place orders, and track the status of their orders. In addition, this system also allows integration with payment gateways, so that the transaction process becomes faster and safer. This system simplifies customer data management, sales recording, and financial report analysis from a management standpoint. At CV. XYZ, the development of the Web-based Palm Oil Seedling Sales Information System positively impacted operational efficiency and effectiveness. This system not only increases customer satisfaction by providing faster and more transparent services, but it also helps management make more accurate decisions based on available data. We need to add more advanced data analysis features to forecast sales trends and market demands, and integrate the system with e-commerce platforms to broaden our market reach.
Implementation of the Support Vector Machine Method in Predicting Student Graduation
Authors: Abdillah Syakira , Juni Yanris Gomal , Sihombing Volvo
Published: August 2024

Student graduation is an important indicator of the quality of education at a higher education institution. A high graduation rate not only indicates success in the learning process but also has a positive impact on the reputation of the institution. Conversely, a low graduation rate can be a signal of problems that require special attention. Various factors, both academic and non-academic, influence higher education institutions in ensuring timely student graduation. Therefore, we need a method that can accurately predict student graduation to carry out early intervention. This study aims to apply the support vector machine method in predicting student graduation. We chose this method due to its capacity to classify complex data. We use historical student data, such as Semester Achievement Index scores, as input variables to build a prediction model. We evaluate the model using precision, recall, and f1-score metrics. According to the study's findings, the support vector machine model's accuracy level is 71.20%. This method is good at predicting students who graduate with a precision of 95%, recall of 72%, and f1-score of 82%. However, the model's performance in predicting students who failed was less than satisfactory, with a precision of only 17%, a recall of 62%, and an f1-score of 26%. The imbalance in data between passed and failed students contributed to this result. The Support Vector Machine method effectively predicts student graduation for the majority class (passed), but requires special handling of the data imbalance to enhance the accuracy of predictions for the minority class (failed). Universities expect to use the results of this study to carry out early intervention and increase student graduation rates.
Media Production for Project-Based Learning in British Literary Modernism Course: A Collaborative Classroom
Authors:   Alfa BK University in Belgrade, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Serbia, Parezanović Tijana V.
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with the possibilities offered by project-based learning in an English literature classroom at university level in a non-English-speaking country. Describing a project carried out in Autumn 2019, whose final result was a students’ periodical, the paper aims to explore how the production of this type of media relates to the acquisition of literary, language, computer, and transferable skills. In achieving this aim, qualitative research was conducted during the semester in which the project was implemented, focusing on the observation of students’ independent research, their written production in English, and participation in team work, as well as on several group conversations and the answers provided by the students in a survey. The obtained results indicate that projects based on the production of media in a literature classroom can be beneficial to students’ literary skills, such as the ability to analyse, synthesise, and employ critical thinking, as well as to their confidence in using the English language. Additionally, the benefits of collaboration among the students in the learning process are emphasised as one of the major conclusions of this research.
Konsep Kewajiban Keturunan Dalam Islam dan Fenomena Childfree Di Kalangan Gen Z Ditinjau dari Mashlahah Mursalah
Authors: A'yuna Putri Qorry
Published: August 2024

Fenomena childfree atau keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak semakin populer di kalangan Generasi Z, yang hidup di era digital dan globalisasi. Keputusan ini didasari oleh berbagai alasan, termasuk kekhawatiran tentang overpopulasi, dampak lingkungan, kondisi ekonomi, serta kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan pribadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis konsep kewajiban keturunan dalam Islam serta mengevaluasi fenomena childfree di kalangan Gen Z dari perspektif mashlahah mursalah. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk memahami bagaimana prinsip-prinsip syariat dapat diterapkan dalam konteks modern dan bagaimana keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak dapat diintegrasikan dengan nilai-nilai Islam yang menekankan kemaslahatan dan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengandalkan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur, termasuk buku, artikel jurnal, dan dokumen-dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak dapat dipahami dan dievaluasi melalui prinsip mashlahah mursalah, dengan mempertimbangkan kesejahteraan individu dan masyarakat. Dalam situasi di mana keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak didasari oleh alasan yang sah, seperti kesehatan mental, kondisi ekonomi, atau kekhawatiran lingkungan, hal ini dapat dianggap sebagai pilihan yang valid dan membawa kemaslahatan yang lebih besar. Prinsip mashlahah mursalah memberikan kerangka kerja yang fleksibel untuk menilai keputusan ini, memastikan bahwa setiap tindakan yang diambil sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan, kemaslahatan, dan rahmat dalam Islam.
Anterior Urethral Rupture with Extravasation of Urine to Penis and Scrotum: A case report
Authors: Sutanto Setyo
Published: August 2024

Urethral Trauma is a discontinuity of urethra which caused by external stress (pelvic fracture or straddle injury) or internal stress (catheter placement, urological procedures). There are several suitable techniques, including immediate exploration or urine diversion. The treatment used depend on the cause of the rupture, rupture length, as well as anatomical position of the rupture.  A 46-year-old male suddenly presented with swollen penile and testicle after 1 day of hospitalization. One day before, patient suffers in high-speed motorcycle accident and sustains blunt trauma to the perineal area, hitting the handle bar of the motorcycle and brought to the emergency department. There was a palpable bladder distension during physical exam, with penis and scrotum enlargement. Laboratory findings show elevated WBC and elevated creatinine level. Urinalization test was within normal limit. Partial laceration found during urethroscopy approximately <1cm in size. Scrotal drainage and exploration are conducted due to scrotum being swollen progressively. There is uncertainty regarding these symptoms to be interpreted as a urethral injury because some of the classical symptoms are missing, although patient showed with palpable bladder distension. Due to the swollen penis and scrotum which are enlarged progressively, urethroscopy and scrotal exploration was performed. Small laceration on the bulbar area of the urethra is found, indicating anterior urethral rupture, the laceration is treated conservatively with the placement of transurethral catheter. Scrotal exploration then performed which pus and extravasation of urine is found within the scrotum. The precision on determining anterior urethral rupture as a diagnosis decides the management, prognosis and complication rate of anterior urethral rupture. Although, the initial urethral trauma management remains disputed, a bulbous urethral rupture with a complication of extravasation of urine into the penis and scrotum can be treated effectively with urine diversion and scrotal exploration
Urethral Rupture
Analysis of the environmental and organizational viability of the Federation of Peasants of Fouta Djallon “FPFD” – Guinea
Authors: Barry Oumou Koultoumy , Barry Ibrahima , Cisse Fodé , Toure Mabetty , Diallo Sara Bailo
Published: August 2024

This research aims to carry out a participatory analysis of the environmental and organizational viability of the FPFD and determine the impacts of its intervention on local development. The activities took place from June to September 2023. To achieve the set objectives the following methodology was adopted: Consultation of executives, documentary research, collection of the data, technical surveys, data processing and analysis. For this purpose, two types of samples were used: the general survey (federation office and unions) and the in-depth or fine-grained survey (groups and leading producers). For the first case 46 out of 48 unions, i.e. a rate of 95.83%, in the second case 311 groups out of 1244 with a rate of 25% and 140 leading producers out of 290, i.e. a rate of 48%. From the data collected we arrived at the following results: At the environmental level, out of 14 agricultural activities carried out, 70% are within standards and deserve to be encouraged. Agricultural practices based on good technologies greatly help limit the deterioration of environmental quality. At the organizational level, 91.30% of the different bodies renew their offices and 8.69% do so rarely. Unions and groups constitute dynamic and committed actors supported by the federation. The federation has a reliable information system, an effective coordination mechanism and coherent communication action with respect for the content of the texts governing the federation. Overall, the parameters studied in this research are viable.
MOSTRA DE ATIVIDADES PARA ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA DA DRE G (MOA): VIVENCIANDO A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA INCLUSIVA
Authors: GUANAES SIMÕES ROBERTO JORGE , PADILHA AGUILAR JOSÉ LUIZ , DE  SOUZA ANA LUCIA , DE JESUS BATISTA ANGÉLICA
Published: August 2024

A Divisão dos Centros Educacionais Unificados (DICEU) da Diretoria Regional de Educação Guaianases (DRE G), pertencente à Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, coordena projetos educacionais, culturais e esportivos dos Centros Educacionais Unificados e demais unidades educacionais da DRE G. Idealizado e orientado por José Luiz Padilha Aguilar, membro da DICEU, o projeto Mostra de Atividades para Estudantes com Deficiência da DRE G (MoA) nasceu do seguinte desafio: Como desenvolver práticas esportivas que promovam o protagonismo dos estudantes com deficiência das Escolas Municipais de Ensino Fundamental (EMEFs) da DRE G? O propósito deste artigo é refletir criticamente sobre a construção e a práxis da MoA. O projeto parte do princípio de que o planejamento e a concretização das ações devem implicar plena participação dos professores de Educação Física das EMEFs da DRE G. Assim, a MoA incluiu uma oficina de formação docente constituída de uma visitação ao Centro de Treinamento Paralímpico Brasileiro e de encontros nos quais priorizou-se a escuta crítico-reflexiva dos professores com vista a compreender suas rotinas, práticas em relação aos estudantes com deficiência, concepções, possibilidades e propostas. Os professores projetaram e organizaram o evento denominado I MoA, do qual participaram cerca de 350 pessoas, entre estudantes, professores, familiares, auxiliares de vida escolar e estagiários. A I MoA constituiu-se de um circuito de estações composto por cinco atividades paradesportivas não-competitivas. Para as próximas edições da MoA, vislumbram-se alguns aprimoramentos: (a) introdução de algumas categorias de análise no percurso formativo (p.ex., tipos de linguagem dos esportes, tipos de adaptações das atividades esportivas, tipos de deficiência, complexidade das atividades físicas etc.); (b) participação de estudantes sem deficiência; (c) difusão das práticas e dos materiais desenvolvidos ao longo da oficina no dia a dia das escolas; (d) sistematização de uma pesquisa-ação pedagógica com enfoque na análise crítico-reflexiva dos registros docentes.