bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
فقدان البناء الصرفي ضابط معجمي وزن ( فَعْلُول) مصداقًا
Authors: أمين أسيل
Published: November 2022

The Arabic language is known for its special weights that govern its nouns and verbs, and some of these weights may be rare in use or sometimes described as missing due to the lack of words that come on them, and the weight (faelul) of the weights of the nouns that were described as scarce. The morphologist is a lexical adjuster in accepting or rejecting a word. Hence, the scarcity characteristic of it requires the lexicographer to adopt a set of controls and mechanisms when dealing with this type of words
دراسة تركيب النسيج العمراني للأحياء العشوائية في مدينة جدة (دراسة حالة حي الخمرة، حي المنتزهات، حي الكندرة وحي النزهة)
Authors:   ماجستير جغرافيا ونظم معلومات جغرافية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, الدريويشي مشاعل , السلمي مرشد ,   أستاذ مساعد، قسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: November 2022

تعد ظاهرة النمو العشوائي للتجمعات السكنية ظاهرة عالمية تظهر في غالبية الدول النامية، وهي مشكلة عمرانية ولكن لا يمكن فصلها عن الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لمجتمع ما. فقد أدت الزيادة السكانية السريعة مع عدم توفير الإسكان بالأسعار المناسبة لذوي الدخل المنخفض إلى تكدس سكاني شديد في الأحياء العشوائية. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الأشكال الحضرية العشوائية (غير المخططة) لبعض أحياء مدينة جدة (حي الخمرة، حي المنتزهات، حي الكندرة وحي النزهة)، ومـدى تأثيرها على النسيج العمراني ودراسة النمط الاجتماعي والنمط الاقتصادي لسكان هذه المناطق العشوائية في محاولة لفهم مدى الارتباط بين خصائص السكان والنسيج العمراني. وبغرض جمع المعلومات والبيانات الأساسية التي ترسم صورة عامة للمشـكلة المـراد دراسـتها تـم استعمال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، الذي يحدد المجال العام للمنطقة المراد دراستها، كما يساهم هذا المنهج في تحديد ووصف وتحليل إشكالية التوسع العمراني للمدينة الذي كان نتاجا لظهور هذه الأشكال الحضـرية العشوائية، والتطرق لخصائص هذه الأشكال، وجوانب التأثير المختلفة لها على النسيج العمراني لهذه الأحياء.أما المنهج التاريخي فقد تم استخدامه لإبراز أهم الفترات التاريخية المختلفة لمراحل تطور الظـاهرة ونشـأتها، كما تم اعتماد المنهج الإحصائي لتحليل النتائج الميدانية وحساب نسبتها المئوية.والمنهج الكارتوغرافي لرسم الخرائط وإبراز توزيع الظاهرات في المجال الجغرافي قيد الدراسة، كما استخدمنا الاستبيان لجمع المعلومات والبيانات اللازمة للدراسة، والتي تم تصميمها في ضوء الدراسة النظرية، ووزعت على عينة الدراسة وتم بعد ذلك تحليل وعرض نتائجها. وتتلخص أهم نتائج هذه الدراسة في: هيمنة النسيج العمراني غير المنسجم وغير المنظم في أحياء الدراسة.
الوظائف السيكولوجية للدين في حياة الإنسان المعاصر
Authors:   دكتوراه في علم النفس، قسم علم النفس، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبد الله، فاس، المملكة المغربية, الشرقي عبد الحليم
Published: November 2022

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى رصد أثر الوظائف النفسية للدين في حياة الإنسان المعاصر خاصة في فئة الشباب، من خلال عينة من الطلاب الجامعيين بفاس. بلغ عدد المستجوبين عند تمرير الاستمارة في هذه الدراسة وصل إلى 520 من الطلاب الجامعيين بفاس (نسبة الإناث منهم 48.5 ٪ والذكور 51.5 ٪؛ وتتراوح أعمارهم بين 17 و33 سنة). وكان المطلوب هو كشف طبيعة العلاقة بين العامل الديني (R)، وبين مجال الصحة النفسية (MH) لدى الطلاب، من خلال التحليل العاملي التوكيدي للبعدين(R) و(MH) الذين تم اعتمادهما كعاملين في تحليل معطيات هذه الدراسة عن طريق نمذجة المعادلة الهيكلية(SEM). كشفت النتائج أن العامل الديني للطلاب (R)، له تأثير ذو معنوية إحصائية عالية في العامل (MH). كما بين التحليل أن حساب التقديرات، وكذا مؤشرات حسن المطابقة في مجملها كانت كلها جيدة، وتبين صدق النموذج الافتراضي الذي شكل منطلق هذه الدراسة. وتوصي الدراسة بأن هناك فرص كثيرة أمام الدارسين في تخصص علم النفس يمكن من خلالها استثمار المعطى الديني في الحقل السيكولوجي، حيث ينبغي الانفتاح أكثر على المقاربة الدينية بلمسة سيكولوجية، باعتبار أن الجانب الديني هو شرط من شروط الوجود النفسي في المجتمع العربي الإسلامي.
أثر التعليم عن بعد على مهارتي الــقراءة والكتابة أثناء جائحة كوفـيد 19 لدى تلاميذ الصفوف الأولية من وجهة نظر المعلمات
Authors:   طالبة ماجستير التربية في الطفولة المبكرة، كلية التربية، جامعة الملك فيصل، الاحساء، المملكة العربية السعودية, الشتيلي إيمان
Published: November 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر التعليم عن بعد أثناء جائحة كوفـيد 19 على مهارتي الــقراءة والكتابة عند طفــل الــصف الأول والــثاني ابتدائي والــتــعرف على أكثر مــهارات الــلغة تأثراً بسبب الــتــعليـــم عن بــــعد مــن وجهه نظر الــــمعلــمــات، اهتمت هذه الدراسة في الــقاء الــضوء على مــهارة الــقراءة والــكتابة لدى طفــل الــصف الأول والــثاني ابتدائي وتشخيص الضعف في المهارات ودرجة وجودها في الميدان التعليمي وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي بتطبيق استبانة مكونة من (٥٣) فقرة مقسمة إلى أربع محاور رئيسة وقد تم تطبيقها على عينة عشوائية من معلمات الصف الأول والثاني للمرحلة الابتدائية في مدينة بريدة، وقد كانت نتائج الدراسة تشير إلى إتقان تلاميذ الصف الأول والثاني ابتدائي للمد القصير والمد الطويل وتدني قراءة وكتابة التلميذ للحروف المنونة بأشكاله الثلاثة بشكل سليم وضعف التمييز بين ال الشمسية وال القمرية وتدني التمييز بين التاء المربوطة والتاء المفتوحة والهاء كتابة وقراءة، واستخلاصا لما سبق فقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن التعليم عن بعد قد ألقى بظلاله على مهارات القراءة والكتابة وأنه كان التأثير الأكبر للتعليم عن بعد على مهارة الكتابة عند تلميذ الصف الأول والثاني ابتدائي. وقد أوصت الدراسة بوضع برامج تقويــة داخل الــــمدارس مــن خلال حصر الــطلاب الــضعاف فـــي مــهارات الــقراءة والــكتابة بــــعد الــعودة الــحضوريــة ووضعهم فـــي مجموعات وتقديـــم الــعديد مــن الــحصص الإضافـــيــة وإدراج تقنيات حديثة فـــي تــعليـــم الــقراءة والــكتابة مــن أجل زيادة رغبة وإقبال الــتلاميذ عليها.
استراتيجيات الذكاء العاطفي والقيادة التحويلية وتأثيرها في رأس المال البشري ضمن رؤية المملكة 2030 (بالتطبيق على عينة من القيادات الإدارية لمجموعة من الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية من المملكة العربية السعودية)
Authors:   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة لينكولن، ماليزيا, الشهري سليمان , شمسي محمد ,   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، جامعة بورغوني، ديجون فرنسا, غوش ابهيجيت ,   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة لينكولن، ماليزيا
Published: November 2022

الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة هو التعرف مدى تطبيق استراتيجيات الذكاء العاطفي في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية من المملكة العربية السعودية ضمن رؤية المملكة 2030، كذلك التعرف على واقع إدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية، كلك التعرف على مدى ممارسة القيادة التحويلية في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية. قام الباحث باستهداف القيادات الإدارية لمجموعة من الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية من المملكة العربية السعودية، واعتمد الباحث على استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كما استعان الباحث بالاستبانة وذلك لمناسبتها لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة. توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: أظهرت النتائج أن افراد الدراسة موافقين بشدة على عبارات محور مدى تطبيق استراتيجيات الذكاء العاطفي في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية، كما توجد علاقة ارتباط طردية موجبة ذات دلالة احصائية بين تطبيق (استراتيجيات الذكاء العاطفي و ممارسة القيادة التحويلية في الشركات الصناعية) و إدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية، وقد جاء ممارسة القيادة التحويلية في الشركات الصناعية الأثر الأكبر، ثم جاء تطبيق استراتيجيات الذكاء العاطفي في الشركات الصناعية من حيث تأثيره على إدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية، كما توجد علاقة ارتباط طردية موجبة ذات دلالة احصائية بين ممارسة القيادة التحويلية في الشركات الصناعية وإدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الصناعية في المنطقة الشرقية، وان ممارسة القيادة التحويلية في الشركات الصناعية يمكن أن تفسر حوالي (67 %) من التغيرات في إدارة رأس المال البشري. قدمت الدراسة عدد من التوصيات، مساعدة القادة للمرؤوسين علي امتلاك الرؤية المستقبلية وسعيهم للتعلم الدائم.
معوقات الاستفادة من منصات حشد المصادر في توليد المعرفة بالجامعات السعودية
Authors:   طالبة دكتوراه، قسم علم المعلومات، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, العتيبي بدريه , الرباعي أمين ,   أستاذ مساعد، قسم علم المعلومات، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: November 2022

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تحديد أبرز معوقات الاستفادة من منصات حشد المصادر على نحو يُمَكِّن الجامعات السعودية من توليد المعرفة في مجالاتها التي تتطلب ذلك لتحقيق تدفق للأفكار الإبداعية واستثمار أمثل لعقول ورؤى المهتمين بأنشطتها. وقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوثائقي كمنهج للدراسة من خلال تحليل الأدبيات السابقة. توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود بعض المعوقات المرتبطة بضعف جودة المعارف التي يتم توليدها نتيجة الخلل المتمثل في جودة المدخلات المجتمعية الى المنظومة المعرفية لمؤسسات التعليم العالي، إضافة الى أن رقمنه هذه التفاعلات بين الجامعة ومجتمعها المحيط قد يزيد من فرص الوصول الغير مصرح به الى أصول الجامعات المعرفية نتيجة الاختراقات السيبرانية مما قد يحدث فقدان الميزة التنافسية والمتمثلة في تسرب رأس المال المعرفي. أيضاً عدم وجود نظام يسعى الى رفع درجة الموائمة بين القدرات والخبرات المتوافرة لدى الحشود والأهداف التي تسعى الجهة الى تحقيقها. خلصت الدراسة الى ضرورة سعي الجامعات السعودية الى بناء منصة حشد مصادر خاصة بها يتم من خلالها تحقيق أهدافها والشكل الذي يضمن تجاوزها للعقبات والصعوبات التي تم التوصل اليها من خلال البحث ويرفع درجة ارتباط الجامعة بمجتمعها المحيط ويحقق في نفس الوقت رفع لكفاءة الجامعات المعرفية والإنتاجية.
LOGISTIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY FOLLOWING LEAN PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Dr. Shameel Ahmed Zuberi, Dr. Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Umair Ilyas,
Published: November 2022

Pharmaceutical strategies are typically unseen to patients but have a direct impact on how well healthcare is managed. This study focuses on creating a new strategy to further develop the coordinated elements supporting the pharmaceutical divisions. The study focuses on the administration and network of stores for pharmaceutical materials used in this sector in Pakistan. This study investigates previous studies to develop an improvement strategy to computerise the systems used in the distribution center and outbuildings. The study explores the impact of the disagreements between pharmaceutical organizations on the business and their commitment to the development of strategies along with recognizing the best-known strategies of pharmaceutical development and their benefits. It also offers best practices and develops a structure of understanding with respect to the pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan. The study finds that the pharmaceuticaldevelopment and its situation in Pakistan is exceptionally unique and rapidly evolving. The study formulates new strategic proposals within the broader political context of Pakistan and its pharmaceutical industry.
MINORITIES RIGHTS IN PUNJAB: PRIMARY DATA BASED ANALYSIS OF HINDU MINORITY
Authors: Muhammad Arslan, Bashir Hussain Shah, Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Religious Minorities are facing serious issues in Pakistan. They are living and having a lot of issues in toleration from the society. Article 20 of the Constitution states that every Pakistani citizen have liberty to establish their religious institutions and practice their own religion. With all these equal rights mentioned in constitution the country has lack of implementation of state policies. The purpose of the research is to explore the realities about the Hindu group and dealing with them by society. The constitution of 1973 provides the guarantee of equal rights of citizen, but some marginalized groups suppressed by the society. The Special focus of this research is to collect primary data from Hindu Minority. For this purpose, a questionnaire has designed to get the basic information form Hindu Minority.
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Ms. Parveen Gul, Dr. Aziz Ur Rahman
Published: November 2022

Numerous questions of definition arise when seeking to concretize our duties towards future generations and turn them into legally binding principles such as when we talk about the future generations, exactly who are we referring to—individuals or the entire collective? What must we protect specifically if their interests are to be appropriately taken into account? Which principles should guide the actions we take today? These are the questions which the legal framework of the intergenerational equity seeks to address. The basis of the legal framework of the concept of intergenerational equity has been developed by Edith Brown Weiss in her book titled “In Fairness to Future Generations” (Weiss, 1988). This research paper will be based on her writings, but it will also include the ideas and thoughts of other research scholars as well. In order to respond to the aforementioned queries, it is necessary to first establish the identities of future generations as well as their position as legal subject and the rights that are intended for them. Following that, the principles raised, in work of Edith Brown Weiss concerning conservation of quality, options, and access will be discussed. And at the end, some common criticisms of the framework will be raised.
PEACE IN AFGHANISTAN AND THE INTEREST OF REGIONAL ACTORS
Authors: Aamir Junaid, Ayesha Rashid, Shamsa Khalid
Published: November 2022

This research paper describes the efforts made by the regional actors to bring stability to Afghanistan. This piece of research highlights the interests of regional powers in Afghanistan. This research’s primary objective is to understand why neighboring countries try to bring stability to Afghanistan and how they can get their aim in this country. For regional actors, Afghanistan looks like a playground to play their proxies rather than a graveyard for empires. All regional actors used the way of investment in various projects and contacted various groups within Afghanistan to achieve their aims. How these states achieve their objective is the other, but no one can deny the geostrategic importance of Afghanistan. If someone thinks about keeping the realist parameters in mind, one can conclude that each state is worried about its ambitions, survival, security maximization, and relative gain.
Entrepreneurial motivation and well-being: A moderated mediation model of entrepreneurial commitment and perceived progress
Authors: Weng Qingxiong , Wang Shuqian ,   School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: November 2022

According to self-regulation theory, we explored the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial well-being. We developed a moderated mediation model of entrepreneurial commitment linking entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial well-being. Using a sample of 209 entrepreneurs in different industries, we found that entrepreneurial motivation was positively related to entrepreneurial well-being and that this relationship was mediated by entrepreneurial commitment. We further found that the effect of entrepreneurial motivation on entrepreneurial commitment was contingent on the perceived entrepreneurial process. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed for entrepreneurs to take appropriate self-management measures.
Second-order stochastic dominance with respect to the rank-dependent utility model
Authors: Wu Qinyu ,   Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: November 2022

A generalized family of partial orders is studied, which is semiparametrized by a utility function  \begin{document}$ f $\end{document}      and a distortion function  \begin{document}$ g $\end{document}     , namely,  \begin{document}$ (f,g) $\end{document}     -utility and distorted stochastic dominance (  \begin{document}$ (f,g) $\end{document}     -UDSD). Such a family is especially suitable for representing a decision maker’s preferences in terms of risk aversion. We characterize the monotonicity of the partial order in the rank-dependent utility model, and the isotonic classes of rank-dependent utility with  \begin{document}$ (f,g) $\end{document}     -UDSD are also established. Inspired by the concept of the congruent utility class, we introduce the definition of the congruent distortion class. The characterization of the congruent utility class or distortion class of  \begin{document}$ (f,g) $\end{document}     -utility and distorted stochastic dominance is investigated. Based on the main results in this paper, we unify some related results in the existing literature. As an application, we propose a general approach to develop a continuum between first-order stochastic dominance and second-order stochastic dominance based on the partial order.
Status of Indian Women in Colonial Period
Authors: Kumar Gajendra , Chakraborty Sukriti
Published: November 2022

Different societies have different attitudes towards women. In Santa Dharma, to respect women, she was displayed as an ideal of wealth, power, and intelligence. Whereas in the context of Indian women, the belief is the opposite. Today, even though the law accepts the right over the wealth of the girl's father, the implementation of this law is not possible in society unless some legal claim is not resorted to. Durga may be the incarnation of Shakti in Santa Dharma, but an Indian woman is still considered an Abla. Similarly, for a long time, the intelligence and conscience of a woman have been viewed with suspicion by society and are being seen even today. “Society always creates and destroys its traditions by looking at your predecessor. Not only Indian society, but the society of any caste, creed class in the world has been and is presently male-dominated society by nature (with few exceptions). If this was not the case, then many women writers and social workers in western countries would not have been called feminists and they would not have had to break many traditions created by men.
The Challenges faced by EV Industry in India: An Analysis of Consumer Perception
Authors: Sharma Pranav , Kumar Singh Pradeep , Verma Akash
Published: November 2022

India is the one of the largest markets for electric vehicles in the world. Despite Indian Electric Vehicles (EV) industry has been grown at a significant pace in last few years, it would not be able to meet the upcoming demands. In Indian, EV industry is facing many demand and supply related problems, the demand side problems include; range anxiety, affordability, safety concerns, availability of charging and service centers while supply side problems include; lack of investment, huge initial cost of production, expensive research and development, lack of States' collaboration with private sector for promotion and production etc. The perceived monetary benefits, perceived risks, environment friendly nature of it, availability of service centers and charging points are the factors which influence the demand of electric vehicle in India significantly.
The Role of Union Public Service Commission for Recruiting the Civil Services in India
Authors: Rao Bonagani Rama
Published: November 2022

In the Constitution of India, articles from 315 to 323 deals with Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and States Public Service Commissions. An article 315 says that Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States in India. So, UPSC is a constitutional body and mandated the responsibilities of making recruitment by conduct of competitive examinations and selection through interviews etc mainly at an union level purpose. Article 320 says that functions of Public Service Commissions, which has included the UPSC. The UPSC’s office is divided into 9 divisions and it has been functioning through these divisions for recruitment of the civil services in India. The UPSC has evolved through historical in India. The UPSC has been playing mostly an effective role for the recruitment of civil services through the constitutional provisions and by its office in India.
Frequency of Caesarean Section in patients undergoing trial of Labor after Caesarean Section (TOLAC)
Authors: Farooq Neha , Habib Sadia , Dilpazeer Sidra , Naeem Nimra , Rehman Salma , Nawaz Sundus
Published: November 2022

Aim: To estimate the rate of C-section in patients undergoing TOLAC (trial of labour after cesarean section). Study design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Ward, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 1st October 2020 to 1st April 2021. Methodology: One hundred and fifty-seven pregnant women with previous one caesarean section were included in the study. Basic demographics like age, gestational age, parity and weight were recorded. Results: The mean age was 28.09±5.37 years, mean gestational age was 37.79±2.36 weeks, mean weight 68.66±5.49 Kg, mean height 1.65±0.04 meters, mean BMI 25.11±2.77 Kg/m2 and mean estimated fetal weight was 2.95±0.55 kg. Caesarean section was observed in 84.1% patients. Conclusion: Unsuccessful TOLAC was higher in women admitted with history of previous caesarean section. Keywords: Caesarean section, Trial of labor after caesarean section, Unsuccessful
A Rare Case of Herlyn Werner Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWS) with Urethrovaginal Fistula
Authors: Nisa Meher-un- , Maqsood Maria , Sarwar Aleena , Iqbal Tayyaba , Siddiqa Ayesha , Aslam Ayesha Sabrina
Published: November 2022

Herlyn Werner Wunderlich Syndrome (HWW) is a rare congenital malformation of female urogenital tracts. We report our first case of HWWS with urethrovaginal fistula in Lady Aitchison Hospital Lahore. A 27 years old lady presented with hematuria and urinary retention having single opening at vulva with menstrual blood and urine draining through it. Examination under anesthesia showed uretheral opening in anterior wall of lower 1/3 of vagina.MRI showed uterus didelphus with two cervices and vagina (atresia of lower 2/3 on left side) and absent left kidney.Surginal treatment by creating a separate opening of neourethra was made by Urology Department of Mayo Hospital. Keywords: Herlyn Werner Wunderlich syndrome, urethrovaginal fistula, urogenital tract
Comparison of Prognostic Scores for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Department
Authors: Rehman Saeed Ur , Saeed Azhar , Ghafoor Adnan , Orakzai Shafqat Ur Rehman , Jami Ajmaal , Khokhar Amanullah
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The goal of this study is to assess the relative value of individual UGIB prognostic scores in predicting patient outcomes. Patients and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of data collected before. Included were patients admitted to the Al Tibri Medical college and hospital Malir Karachi Center and Fauji foundation Rawalpindi with upper GI bleeding and treated in the Gastroenterology Division. Analyses in this study compared the predictive power of five different prognostic scores (the Glasgow Coma Scale, modified Glasgow Coma Scale, coagulation risk score, and acute ischemic stroke severity score; together, these scores are known as GBS, mGBS, FRS, CRS, and AIMS65) for the occurrence of death and rebleeding within 42 days. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves were used to compare the various scores. Results: A total of 314 individuals were enrolled in the study, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 2.48. In 70.94% of cases, fibroscopy revealed UGIB due to portal hypertension unrelated to peptic ulcer disease. The "FRS" score was the most reliable predictor of mortality or rebleeding for all patients. Compared to other scores, the "FRS" provided the best reliable forecast of whether or not patients would have spots. The "FRS" score was the most reliable one for predicting mortality. Patients deemed to be at low risk (below the threshold value) had a mortality rate of 2.2% according to the "FRS," 9.3% according to the "CRS," 0% according to the "GBS" (p = 0.565), 50% according to the "mGBS," and 11.42% according to the "AIMS65." The predictive value of UGIB scores was higher for incidental portal hypertension. Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage cases can be accurately predicted using the "FRS" and "CRS" scores. But in the setting of portal hypertension, these scores did badly. UGIB Keywords: Prognostic Scores, Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Rockall, Glasgow-Blatchford
Factors affecting Accidental Toxic Ingestion Among Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: Raza Ambreen , Hakeem Mahnaz , Zaheer Hafsa , Samreen Sana , Naz Falak , Afroze Bushra
Published: November 2022

Introduction:One million children die each year from injuries around the world, with poisoning being the fourth most common cause.Children below five years are at an increased risk because of their exploratory nature and hand to mouth activity, accounting for 15% of accidental poisoning related deaths in this age group.A community oriented study that studiedthe national health survey of Pakistan reported that the incidence of accidental poisoning was 4.3% among children below five years. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic factors affecting accidental toxic ingestion in children younger than five years at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Materials & Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the emergency Deptof the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistanbetween August 2016 to July 2017. Children with a history of accidental ingestion were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square association was used employed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 97 children between the age group of 6 months – 5 years were enrolled, amongst 61 (62.88%) male. 74 (76.29%) children had unsafe storage of hazardous chemicals, 34 (35.05%) had large family size, 5 (5.15%), 3 (3.09%), and 3 (3.09%) of participants had lower socioeconomic status, uneducated, and rural residents respectively. Practical implication Conclusion: Awareness to parents regarding child protective strategies and usage of safe packaging in medicines may avoid accidental toxic ingestion. Keywords: Accidental poisoning, Socioeconomic Status, Education.
Predictor of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Urgent Versus Planned Dialysis. A Study from DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hussain Yasir , Shakoor Salman
Published: November 2022

Objective: Outcomes for urgent versus planned dialysis patients vary according to the literature. The current study aims to study the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing urgent dialysis compared to planned dialysis in a single center at the nephrology department of the DHQ hospital in Faisalabad. Methodology: In this analysis we selected sixty patients who meet the inclusion criteria from September 2019 to September 2021 and further divided the selected patients into two groups. The urgent dialysis group (Group UD) and the Planned dialysis group (Group PD) according to the pre-defined criteria. Each group had the equal number of age and sexed match patients (thirty patients each group). The follow up period after the initiation of dialysis was six months. The co morbid conditions, laboratory parameters and deaths in six months follow up period was noted in both groups. Results: The mean age in Group UD was 57.5 years and in Group PD was 62.5 years. The male in Group UD was 21 as compared to group PD consisted of 19 males (p=0.17). The most common cause of urgent renal dialysis was found to be volume overload (52%). The UD group did not have the history of proper nephrologist consultation and zero percent of participant had AV fistula at the time of first dialysis. During the follow-up period, there was significantly higher death rate in Group UD as compared to the Group PD (43.3% versus 26.6%, p= 0.003). The urgent initiation group had considerably lower levels of albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit but significantly greater levels of phosphorus and C-reactive protein. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found urgent dialysis initiation to be an independent risk factor for survival (HR 2.96; 95% CL 1.48–4.64; P = 0.01). Similarly, the older age, lower albumin, elevated levels of CRP and absences of vascular access were also found the significant predictor of mortality. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study we can conclude the urgent initial of dialysis may be the independent risk factor for one year mortality along with older age, higher CRP, and lower albumin levels. we also noted that the lack of nephology care and volume overload was the main reason of urgent dialysis. Keywords: Urgent Dialysis, mortality, Risk factors, hemodialysis, end stage renal disease.
Prevalence of Newly Diagnosed Hypertension in Stroke Patients Presented to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi
Authors: Fatima Najma , Salman Muhammad , Hashim Husnain , Ambreen Asma , Sayed Tahir Mukhtar , Waheed Shahid
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Stroke is defined as the sudden onset of neurological deficits caused by vascular supply disruption to brain-specific region, contributing as a major factor for mortality and morbidity worldwide. Globally, approximately two-thirds cases of stroke are caused by hypertension as a major risk factor. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of stroke patients with newly diagnosed hypertension admitted to tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 205 stroke patients admitted to the Department of General Medicine, Benazir Bhutto Hospital and Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from April 2021 to March 2022. Prior to study conduction, ethical approval was taken from the institute research and ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained from each individual. All the participants underwent physical examination after using antihypertensive medication besides detailed history. Blood pressure was measured using standard mercury Sphygmomanometer. Patient having blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg was considered as hypertensive after measurement with difference of 10 minutes time span. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age was 59.6 ± 8.5 years. Of the total 205 stroke patients, there were 140 (68.3%) males and 65 (31.7%) females. Out of 205 patients, 60.5% were rural and 39.5% were urban. The literacy rate was 63.9%. Family history of smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HTN) among study population were found in 83 (40.5%), 76 (37.1%), and 71 (34.4%) respectively. Based on computed tomography presentations, the prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension (HTN) was 122 (59.5%). Out of 122 newly diagnosed hypertensive stroke patients, the incidence of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic was 67 (54.9%) and 55 (45.1%) respectively. The mean value of diastolic and systolic blood pressure was 86.32 ± 12.62 and 125.59 ± 19.97 mm of Hg respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension was found higher among stroke cases. Early diagnosis of hypertension by proper screening and effective treatment can reduce the mortality and morbidity caused by stroke and hypertension. Keywords: Hemorrhage, HTN, Ischemia, Stroke.
Nutrional Impact on Associated Features in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Komal Saleha , Shahid Wajiha , Afzal Kiran , Manan Haider Hafiz Muhammad , Abid Farwa , Khalid Hira , Karim Suhail , Khattak Hafsah
Published: November 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy is Non-Progressive developmental disability disorder in children. CP used for a broad term umbrella term for various neurological conditions that effects movements and posture because of damage in developing brain in early stages. There are topographically classifications which are based on effective part of body due to brain damage in CP. It includes Monoplegia, dieplagia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, Trapaga, quadriplegia. Types of CP with brain lesion include Spastic CP, Ataxic CP, Athletic CP, Dystonic and Mixed cerebral palsy. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of nutritional status on associated symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. Material and Methodology: A Cross Sectional Survey was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status and associated symptoms in cerebral palsy children. The sample was collected from PIMS, NIRM and HFH hospital, after taking Approval from REC and the setting. A total of 257 CP children with ages between 2 to 12 years and fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Children were assessed using CPQL, CHQ and Nutritional assessment chart. Data collection tools/instruments structured questioner guide was used to collect data. From these questionnaires, data was collected about cerebral palsy children. Statistical Analysis: Demographic details are measured through calculating the percentages. Data will be analysed through SPSS version 21 Results: Out of 257 children 195 were having fiber in diet, 62 were not reported to have any fiber diet, 209 were having protein in diet and 48 were not reported to have any protein diet, 232 were having carbohydrate in diet and 25 were not reported to have any carbohydrate diet. Conclusion: Most of the children were suffering from GIT problems with most of the cases reporting of constipation and alternating Diarrhoea. Children who were at low level of GMFCS were having CNS symptoms i.e. balance problem and seizures and children with low BMI were showing CVS, respiratory and renal symptoms. Keywords: Ataxia, CP cerebral palsy, Nutritional Status, Ataxia, Spastic
Too Many Calories, Refined Carbohydrates, and Saturated Fat Consumption Endow to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pakistani Adults
Authors: Afnan Badder Hina , Shaikh Sabhita Shabir , Rahim Anila , Ahmed Waqas , Soomro Sahar , Khan Areesha , Majeed Ammara Abdul , Abrar Nazish , Ellahi Basma
Published: November 2022

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. A healthy diet plays a significant role in the prevention of NAFLD. Few studies have been done in Pakistan to evaluate the dietary intake of patients suffering from NAFLD. This study aimed to look into the dietary intake of NAFLD patients being treated at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan Objective: To determine the nutritional status of NAFLD patients. Method: 118 NAFLD patients, aged 18 to 60, male and female, were enrolled. Patients with advanced liver or kidney failure, decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute flare, and chronic liver disease were excluded. This cross-sectional study used an interview-administered questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutrition-related biochemical measurements, and dietary intake (24-hour diet recall and validated food frequency questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS (VERSION) Statistics v26 RESULTS: Out of 118 subjects; 69% were female, Anthropometric data revealed that 41% were morbidly obese (BMI 29 >kg/m2). The average daily calorie and protein intakes were 2135 kcal and 64.2 gm, respectively. Dietary recall indicates a high consumption of saturated fat foods including paratha (34%), cake (16.9%), pizza (17.8%), banaspati ghee (11%), and consumption of high glycemic fruits like Mango (42%) and dates (32.2%). Practical implication: this study will benefit that healthy diet plays a significant role prevention of NAFLD,and can reduce the burden of obesity and its complication in later life. Low carbohydrate intake, limiting saturated fat and increased physical activity play a vital role in management of NAFLD Conclusion: Participants with NAFLD had insufficient dietary patterns. This may be associated with lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, and increased intake of high saturated fat and glycemic index foods; behavioral strategies should be implemented to change this patient's overall dietary intake. Keywords: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, nutritional status, dietary intake, glycemic food
Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones among Salmonella Enterica Serovars in Blood Culture
Authors: Saad Maliha , Khan Humaira , Rehman Sabahat , Javed Humera , Babar Nazish , Najeeb Sara
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Enteric fever is a severe bloodstream infection contributing to higher rate of morbidity and mortality around the globe caused by S. Typhi and Paratyphi A. Fecal-oral route is the prevalent transmission route of enteric fever that manifests with various clinical outcomes such as nausea, fever, transient rash, chills, hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal discomfort, and malaise. Assessment of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovars in blood cultures was the prime objective of the current study. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 326 suspected enteric fever patients attending the outpatient department of HBS Dental and General Hospital, Islamabad for the duration from July 2021 to June 2022. Prior to study conduction, ethical approval for the study was taken and each individual signed the written informed consent. BACTEC culture bottles were used for the incubation of blood. Standard procedures were followed to identify the bacterial growth in the obtained isolates from the vials. Salmonella enterica serotyping of identified isolates was done. Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi isolation and identification were processed. All the isolates were then subjected to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility test. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were used for the interpretation of results. All the data from laboratory analysis were analyzed in SPSS version 25. Results: Of the total 326 suspected enteric fever patients, the incidence of positive Salmonella enterica was found in 28 (8.6%), out of which Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A were 15 (54%) and 13 (46%) respectively. Salmonella enterica growth was not observed in patients with age>51 years. However, patients of age group 11-20 years and 21-30 years showed higher proportion of Salmonella enterica growth. Male patients had higher Salmonella enterica growth than females. All the isolates of Salmonella enterica exhibited resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic but sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone. The Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhi isolates presented reduced susceptibility to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The present study found that reduced susceptibility and higher level of resistance to fluoroquinolones are the major reasons for not considering the fluoroquinolones as a treatment option for Salmonella infections. Ceftriaxone is still the better drug choice in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A. Keywords: Fluoroquinolones, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi, Enterica serovars, Blood culture
Effectiveness of Belfast Regime on Flexion Tendon Injury Zone V Using Tam Scoring
Authors: Farhina Maha , Zulfiqar Bushra , Noor Maryam , Kiran Saba , Khan Faisal Akhlaq Ali , ulllah Shafaat
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of belfast protocol in Flexion tendon injury of zone v through TAM scoring. Methodology: A prospective study will be directed to find out the outcome of Belfast protocol in flexor tendon injury in the premises of plastic surgery ward civil hospital Karachi, we were use non probability sampling technique to enlist the patient .we were systematized a well-designed questionnaire and through TAM scoring to measure the intervention outcome in term of functional ADL. Results: The results showed that there were 76% male and 24% female patients were affected. Most of the injury happened at work in 29% and at home 21% patients.44% patients were (21-30 ) years of age , 36% patients were (31-40) 4% of patients were (41-50) , 2% of patients were (51-60). TAM Score was observed that total 22 patients had excellent outcome (Score 100), 19 patients had good outcome (Score 75-99), 4 patients had fair outcome (score50-74 ) and only 5 patients had poor outcome. It was observed that treatment was effective in 45 patients because their TAM Score was >50 and in only 5 patients the treatment was ineffective because their TAM Score was <50. Conclusion: We concluded that belfast regime (early passive and active range of motion of fingers the rate of tendon adhesion and rupture rate was very low and gave good result , most commonly men was affected with the injury that’s 76% and commonly injury happened at work place by accident . There is no standard protocol and therapist must communicate with the surgeon and patients before selecting an appropriate therapy program.. Keywords : Rehabilitation ,Flexor injury , Zone V, Early mobilization ,Belfast technique.
Prevalence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Diabetic Patients in a District Headquarters Hospital of, Pakistan
Authors: Anwer Aisha , Ghummon Abdul Kamil , Munir Rana Muhammad Saqib , Rasheed Sadia , Hamid Faran , Gul Jaweria
Published: November 2022

Diabetes has become the most prevalent endocrine disorder as it has continued to increase. Diabetes mellitus cases are remarkably increasing in our country every year. Diabetes is characterized by a pathophysiology that leaves diabetic patients more prone to infection and to developing skin and soft tissue infections that are more complicated. The risk of infection is increased in diabetic patients, and their mutation potential is detrimental, resulting in a higher morbidity and mortality rate than in the general population. Infections of the skin and soft tissues (SSTIs) involve microbial invasions, and they differ in presentation and severity. A total 445 participants 15 to > 40 years of age participated in this study. Out of total respondent, 48.53% and 51.46% were male and female, respectively. Among the total, the highest percentage of the respondent were around 36- 40 years old 52 (22.70%) followed by 31-35 years old 44 (19.65%), 26-30 year old (13.27%), > 40 years old (13.10%), 21-25 years old 29 (12.66%), 16-20 years old 23 (12.04%) and 10-15 years old 20 (8.73%). Out of total 216 males, 179 (82.87%) were infected with soft and tissue infection while out of total 229 females, 206 (89.95%) were infected with soft and tissue infection. Overall prevalence of soft and tissue infection in patients of diabetic mellitus was 86.51%. The maximum respondent belonged to rural areas while minimum respondents from urban areas. 37.66% mild level of exercise was recorded in diabetic patients followed by 25.71% moderate level, and 19.74% heavy level of exercise recorded. Only 16.88% of patients recorded no level of exercise. Majority of respondents used oral medications (51.63%) followed by insulin (47.62%), do exercise (15.76%) and use nutritious food or fruits (9.59%). The study concluded that patients with poorly controlled and uncontrolled blood glucose levels were more likely to develop skin and soft tissue infections. In order to achieve favorable postoperative outcomes, it is essential to make fast and case-adapted therapeutic decisions, as well as to observe the patient's general condition and his wound on a daily basis. Keywords: Diabetes
Drug Persuaded Growing Defects of Teeth
Authors: Bhatti Jalal Bashir , Butt Sabeen Saeed , Khan Hafeez Ullah , Tayyab Muhammad , Ahmed Junaid
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the impact that regularly prescribed drugs have on dental tissues. Certain drugs can cause sensitivity in dental tissues if they are used by pregnant women for an extended period. This research focused on a small set of drugs, such as aspirin, estrogen, and lithium that have been shown to have adverse effects on human tissue throughout the developing stages of pregnancy. Only female rabbits participated in the study. The animals in the experiment were split into four groups, and each group had (n=7) subjects. Three of them were for the study of drug treatments and the fourth one was taken as a control. They were administered drugs in predetermined doses based on their weights up until they gave birth. These rabbits were bred specifically to be utilized in scientific studies. Variations in tooth size, mineral content, and composition of enamel (the hard, protective layer of dental tissue), and ultrastructural changes in enamel surfaces were among the variables examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the age of three months, researchers analyzed the teeth to look for signs of congenital abnormalities that may have begun in utero. Six hundred seventy-two samples were analyzed using volumetric methods prior to tooth extraction. After the teeth were removed, 336 samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to determine the mineral composition and examine the surface structure of the enamel (SEM-EDX). The chemical analyses and volumetric measurements showed a huge range of variance among samples between the control and experimental groups. The incisors and the premolars were found to be teeth with aesthetic and functional flaws. It was observed that the incisors and molars were aesthetically and functionally compromised teeth. However, this research has the potential to link long-term drug usage with dental drugs. It may also help future researchers focus on the role of drug-related factors in disease development. In dentistry, it could be useful for cosmetic and practical purposes. The results of the study were supposed to reveal which drugs should be avoided or used with caution during pregnancy and provide new avenues for further study. Keywords: drug persuaded, growing defects, teeth
Outcome of Pediatric Neuroblastoma at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore
Authors: Ahmad Safwan , Shafiq Muhammad , Faizan Mahwish , Zafar Huma , Riaz Shazia , Anwar Sadia
Published: November 2022

Objective: To demonstrate outcome of pediatric neuroblastoma at The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Study design: Descriptive observational study Place and duration: The study was conducted in Pediatric Hematology Oncology department, The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore in twelve months from March 2020 to February 2021. Methodology: Study was conducted on total of 60 patients of diagnosed neuroblastoma. Main variables of study were age, parent’s education, socioeconomic status, traveling distance, LTS, and INSS stage, metastatic sites, tumor size and outcome. SPSS version 23.1 was used for data analysis. Test of significance was applied taking p value ≤0.05 as significant value. Results: Regarding histopathology, fifty eight 96% patients had neuroblastoma while 4% patients had ganglioneuroblastoma. Life threatening symptoms were present in 85% patients. Most common primary sites were suprarenal 45%, retroperitoneum 25%, pre/paravertebral 11%, posterior mediastinal 11%, others 6%. Metastasis were present in 40% patients at diagnosis and most common metastatic sites were bone marrow 21%, bone 8% and both 10%. Six(10%) patients with stage 2 showed complete remission ,2(3%) partial remission, 2(3%) patients with stage 3 achieved complete remission ,19(34%) partial remission, 4(7%) patients with stage3 expired, 18(30%) patients with stage 4 were put on palliation initially, 2(3%) patients with stage 4S showed complete remission. Conclusion: The survival outcomes of children with neuroblastoma who were treated at the children hospital lahore between march-2020 and fab-2021are compareable to those in developed and developing countries. A high level of suspicion for neuroblastoma is necessary, especially in children under five years of age with an abdominal mass. This can only be ensured through proper education of health care providers about this aggressive childhood malignancy. Advanced disease presentation is common, high-risk neuroblastoma is considered challenging and has one of the least favourable outcomes among cancers. Late diagnosis due to cultural and socioeconomic barriers and lack of care at primary care level and poor referral to oncology units owing to deficient health care system are still considered the major contributory factors for poor outcome. However, newer treatment strategies are mandated to improve outcomes in pediatric patients who are at high-risk and display relapse. Moreover, multidisciplinary approach with the establishment of infrastructure is the need of time to provide integrated care. Keywords: Neuroblastoma, Outcome, Management, Children