bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of cobalt as investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Chourasia A. R. , Islam Sahjahan , Aloyine Emmanuel , Adhikari Paradesh
Published: April 2024

Thin films of cobalt (about 20 nm) were deposited on a silicon ⟨100⟩ substrate. The deposition was carried out using the e-beam technique. The films were oxidized under two different conditions: in vacuum and in a quartz tube furnace. The elemental cobalt and the two oxidized samples were characterized by the technique of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnesium Kα radiation (1253.6 eV) was used as the source of the x-ray excitation. The spectral data in the cobalt 2p, 2s, 3s, 3p, Auger LMM regions, oxygen 1s region, and carbon 1s regions were recorded under a high resolution mode. The sample oxidized in vacuum showed features distinct from that oxidized in the quartz tube furnace. The data will serve as a comparison for the cobalt oxides formed under different processing conditions.
The Midfoot Joint Complex (Foot Arch) Contributes to the Upper Body Position in Bipedal Walking and Coordinates With the Lower Limb Joints
Authors: Barsante Leonardo D. , Arantes Paula M.M. , Vaz Daniela V. , Magalhães Fabricio A. , Carvalho Diego S. , Cruz Aline C. , Resende Renan A. , Ocarino Juliana M. , Fonseca Sérgio T. , Souza Thales R.
Published: April 2024

This study estimated the contribution of the midfoot joint complex (MJC) kinematics to the pelvis anterior–posterior positions during the stance phase of walking and investigated whether the MJC is functionally coordinated with the lower limb joints to maintain similar pelvic positions across steps. Hip, knee, ankle, and MJC sagittal angles were measured in 11 nondisabled participants during walking. The joints’ contributions to pelvic positions were computed through equations derived from a link-segment model. Functional coordination across steps was identified when the MJC contribution to pelvic position varied and the summed contributions of other joints varied in the opposite direction (strong negative covariations [r ≤ −.7] in stance phase instants). We observed that the MJC plantarflexion (arch raising) during the midstance and late stance leads the pelvis backward, avoiding excessive forward displacement. The MJC was the second joint that contributed most to the pelvis positions (around 18% of all joints’ contributions), after the ankle joint. The MJC and ankle were the joints that were most frequently coordinated with the other joints (≅70% of the stance phase duration). The findings suggest that the MJC is part of the kinematic chain that determines pelvis positions during walking and is functionally coordinated with the lower limb joints.
No Association Between Injury-Related Fear and Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength in Individuals With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Brinkman Caitlin , Reiche Elaine , Genoese Francesca , Hoch Johanna , Baez Shelby
Published: April 2024

Context: Injury-related fear and quadriceps strength are independently associated with secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. It is not known whether injury-related fear and quadriceps strength are associated, despite their individual predictive capabilities of secondary ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between injury-related fear and quadriceps strength in individuals at least 1 year after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years at least 1 year post unilateral primary ACLR. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) and a standard isokinetic quadriceps strength assessment using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Pearson Product-Moment correlations were used to examine the linear association between the TSK-11 scores and peak torque (in nanometers per kilogram) for each limb and between the TSK-11 scores and limb symmetry indices for each limb. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients (r) were interpreted as very high (.90–1.00), high (.70–.90), moderate (.50–.70), low (.30–.50), and no correlation (.00–.30). Results: The average TSK-11 score was 18.2 (5.3), average ACLR peak quadriceps torque was 1.9 (0.50) N·m/kg, average contralateral peak quadriceps torque was 2.3 (0.48) N·m/kg, and average limb symmetry index was 85.3% (12.6%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the TSK-11 and peak quadriceps torque on the ACLR limb (r = .12, P = .46), the TSK-11 and contralateral limb (r = .29, P = .07), or the TSK-11 and limb symmetry index (r = –.18, P = .27). Conclusions: There was no association between kinesiophobia and peak isokinetic quadriceps strength in individuals at least 1 year post-ACLR. Both factors, independently, have been shown to influence risk of secondary injury in patients after ACLR.
Two inhibitory neuronal classes govern acquisition and recall of spinal sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Lavaud Simon , Bichara Charlotte , D’Andola Mattia , Yeh Shu-Hao , Takeoka Aya
Published: April 2024

Spinal circuits are central to movement adaptation, yet the mechanisms within the spinal cord responsible for acquiring and retaining behavior upon experience remain unclear. Using a simple conditioning paradigm, we found that dorsal inhibitory neurons are indispensable for adapting protective limb-withdrawal behavior by regulating the transmission of a specific set of somatosensory information to enhance the saliency of conditioning cues associated with limb position. By contrast, maintaining previously acquired motor adaptation required the ventral inhibitory Renshaw cells. Manipulating Renshaw cells does not affect the adaptation itself but flexibly alters the expression of adaptive behavior. These findings identify a circuit basis involving two distinct populations of spinal inhibitory neurons, which enables lasting sensorimotor adaptation independently from the brain.
Opportunities to grow tribal clean energy in the US
Authors: Yazzie Kimberly C. , Whyte Kyle , Begay Sandra , Glavin Jake , Jones Thomas , Leni-Konig Katrina , Pratte Clara , Madden Dustin , Reicher Dan , Field Christopher B.
Published: April 2024

Bold action is needed to address unmanageable time scales, limited access to information, and a need to build capacity
Dynamics and prognostic value of plasma cell-free DNA PCR in patients with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis
Authors: Moreno Angel , Mah Jordan , Budvytiene Indre , Ho Dora Y. , Schwenk Hayden T. , Banaei Niaz
Published: April 2024

Aspergillus
species and Mucorales agents are the primary etiologies of invasive fungal disease (IFD). Biomarkers that predict outcomes are needed to improve care. Patients diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) PCR were retested weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome included all-cause mortality at 6 weeks and 6 months based on baseline cycle threshold (CT) values and results of follow-up cfDNA PCR testing. Forty-five patients with
Aspergillus
and 30 with invasive Mucorales infection were retested weekly for a total of 197 tests. Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORTC/MSG) criteria, 30.7% (23/75), 25.3% (19/75), and 38.7% (29/75) had proven, probable, and possible IFD, respectively. In addition, 97.3% (73/75) were immunocompromised. Baseline CT increased significantly starting at week 1 for Mucorales and week 2 for
Aspergillus
. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis patients with higher baseline CT (CT >40 and >35, respectively) had a nonsignificantly higher survival rate at 6 weeks, compared with patients with lower baseline CT. Mucormycosis patients with higher baseline CT had a significantly higher survival rate at 6 months. Mucormycosis, but not aspergillosis patients, with repeat positive cfDNA PCR results had a nonsignificantly lower survival rate at 6 weeks and 6 months compared with patients who reverted to negative. Aspergillosis patients with baseline serum
Aspergillus
galactomannan index <0.5 and <1.0 had significantly higher survival rates at 6 weeks when compared with those with index ≥0.5 and ≥1.0, respectively. Baseline plasma cfDNA PCR CT can potentially be used to prognosticate survival in patients with invasive
Aspergillus
and Mucorales infections.

IMPORTANCE

We show that
Aspergillus
and Mucorales plasma cell-free DNA PCR can be used not only to noninvasively diagnose patients with invasive fungal disease but also to correlate the baseline cycle threshold with survival outcomes, thus potentially allowing the identification of patients at risk for poor outcomes, who may benefit from more targeted therapies.
Parent screening questionnaires to detect cognitive and language delay at 2 years in high-risk infants: an analysis from the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study 2016–2017 cohort
Authors: Rawnsley Kate L , Doyle Lex W , Anderson Peter J , Olsen Joy E , Kwong Amanda K L , Mainzer Rheanna M , Josev Elisha K , Roberts Gehan , Spittle Alicia J , Cheong Jeanie L Y
Published: April 2024

Objective

To determine the accuracy of two developmental screening questionnaires to detect cognitive or language delay, defined using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III), in children born extremely preterm (EP: <28 weeks’ gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW: <1000 g).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

State of Victoria, Australia.

Patients

211 infants born EP/ELBW assessed at 2 years’ corrected age (mean 2.2, SD 0.2).

Main outcome measures

Cognitive and language delay (<−1 SD) on the Bayley-III. The screening questionnaires were the Parent Report of Children’s Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3).

Results

The PARCA-R performed better than the ASQ-3, but neither questionnaire had substantial agreement with the Bayley-III to detect cognitive delay; kappa (95% CI): PARCA-R 0.43 (0.23, 0.63); ASQ-3 0.15 (−0.05, 0.35); sensitivity (95% CI): PARCA-R 70% (53%, 84%) ASQ-3 62% (47%, 76%); specificity (95% CI): PARCA-R 73% (60%, 84%) ASQ-3 53% (38%, 68%). When both tools were used in combination (below cut-off on at least one assessment), sensitivity increased to 78% (60%, 91%) but specificity fell to 45% (29%, 62%). Similar trends were noted for language delay on the Bayley-III, although kappa values were better than for cognitive delay.

Conclusions

Neither screening questionnaire identified cognitive delay well, but both were better at identifying language delay. The PARCA-R detects delay on the Bayley-III more accurately than the ASQ-3. Sensitivity for detecting delay is greatest when the PARCA-R and ASQ-3 were used in combination, but resulted in lower specificity.
Role of lens in early refractive development: evidence from a large cohort of Chinese children
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Xiong Ruilin , Jin Ling , Chang Shuai , Chen Qianyun , Wang Decai , Chen Xiang , Qu Yabin , Liu Weijia , He Mingguang , Morgan Ian , Zeng Yangfa , Liu Yizhi
Published: April 2024

Aims

To document longitudinal changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and related biometric factors during early refractive development.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of Chinese children, starting in 2018 with annual follow-ups. At each visit, children received cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurements. Lens power (LP) was calculated using Bennett’s formula. Children were divided into eight groups based on baseline age: the 3-year-old (n=426, 49.77% girls), 4-year-old (n=834, 47.36% girls), 6-year-old (n=292, 46.58% girls), 7-year-old (n=964, 43.46% girls), 9-year-old (n=981, 46.18% girls), 10-year-old (n=1181, 46.32% girls), 12-year-old (n=504, 49.01%) and 13-year-old (n=644, 42.70%) age groups.

Results

This study included right-eye data from 5826 children. The 3-year-old and 4-year-old age groups demonstrated an inflection point in longitudinal SER changes at a mild hyperopic baseline SER (+1 to +2 D), with children with more myopic SER showing hyperopic refractive shifts while those with more hyperopic SER showing myopic shifts. The hyperopic shift in SER was mainly attributed to rapid LP loss and was rarely seen in the older age groups. Axial elongation accelerated in the premyopia stage, accompanied by a partially counter-balancing acceleration of LP loss. For children aged 3–7 years, those with annual SER changes <0.25 D were all mildly hyperopic at baseline (mean: 1.23 D, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.27 D).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that during early refractive development, refractions cluster around or above +1.00 D. There is a pushback process in which increases in the rate of LP occur in parallel with increases in axial elongation.
Mixed-methods community assessment of drowning and water safety knowledge and behaviours on Lake Victoria
Authors: Guy Kyra , Ritchie Ava , Tumuhimbise Peninah , Balinda Emmanuel , Nasim Khoban , Kalanzi Moses , Wipfli Heather
Published: April 2024

Background

Drowning is a major cause of death in Uganda, especially among young adults with water-based occupations and livelihoods. Information about drowning and other water-related deaths and injuries is limited. To address this gap in knowledge, study partners assessed knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about drowning and drowning prevention interventions in the Mayuge district of eastern Uganda.

Methods

This study consisted of a mixed-methods, cross-sectional community health assessment. Research was conducted in 10 landing sites of 6 subcounties within Mayuge district bordering Lake Victoria and focused on 505 head-of-household interviews, 15 key informant interviews, 10 landing site observations and 3 focus group discussions with 10 young adults each.

Results

While landing site observations revealed high lake use, households reported limited community drowning prevention knowledge and revealed risky behaviours and attitudes towards water safety. Less than one-third (30.9%) of participants reported that at least one family member can swim. 64.2% of all respondents reported no existing safety measures (eg, signage, fences) around the lake and 95.8% reported no aquatic emergency response system in their community. The majority of households (85.7%) had experienced a drowning incident in their area. Key informants and focus group participants were eager for community-based interventions and offered solutions that reflected international drowning prevention recommendations.

Conclusions

The results reveal gaps in services, access and knowledge and highlight a need for water safety services and interventions in lakeside communities in Uganda and throughout the Lake Victoria Basin.
Population-based estimates suggest middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematomas could significantly expand the scope of neurovascular therapies
Authors: Rai Ansaar T , Halak Abdulrahman A , Lakhani Dhairya A , Tarabishy Abdul R , Siddiqui Adnan H
Published: April 2024

Background

This study quantifies the impact of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) for subdural hematomas (SDHs) by estimating a target population.

Methods

A population-based study at a tertiary hospital, the main SDH facility for a four-county population, used primary ICD-10 codes over 3 years to collate SDH hospitalizations. Clinical and imaging data confirmed traumatic versus non-traumatic and acute versus non-acute (mixed or chronic) SDH. The MMAE-eligible population included patients with non-traumatic, non-acute SDH aged ≥18 years plus patients with ‘traumatic’ but non-acute SDH aged ≥60 years presenting with a fall. This was contrasted with the rate of large vessel strokes in the same population.

Results

1279 hospitalizations with a primary ICD-10 SDH diagnosis were identified, with 389 from the study population. Excluding repeat admissions, 350 patients were analyzed, 233 (67%) traumatic, and 117 (33%) non-traumatic SDH. Regarding etiology, ‘fall ≥60 years’ was the most common category in the entire cohort (n=156; 45% (95% CI 39% to 50%)). The SDH rate was 52/100 000 persons/year (95% CI 47 to 57). The rate of all non-traumatic, non-acute SDH in patients aged ≥18 years was 17/100 000 persons/year (95% CI 15 to 20), combining with ‘traumatic’ but non-acute fall-related SDH in patients aged ≥60 years yielded 41/100 000 persons/year (95% CI 36 to 47). This demographic may represent an MMAE-eligible population, exceeding large vessel stroke rates (31/100 000 persons/year) in the same population, estimating 139 387 potential MMAE cases/year (95% CI 121 517 to 158 168) in the USA.

Conclusion

MMAE could transform non-acute SDH management, especially in the elderly, potentially surpassing the impact of large vessel stroke. Clinical trials are essential for validation of its efficacy and safety compared with standard management.
Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study
Authors: Belachew Abate Bekele , Rantala Aino K , Jaakkola Maritta S , Hugg Timo T , Sofiev Mikhail , Kukkonen Jaakko , Jaakkola Jouni J K
Published: April 2024

Background

There is inconsistent evidence of the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood. We assessed the effects of individual-level prenatal and early life exposure to air pollutants on the risk of LRTIs in early life.

Methods

We studied 2568 members of the population-based Espoo Cohort Study born between 1984 and 1990 and living in 1991 in the City of Espoo, Finland. Exposure assessment was based on dispersion modelling and land-use regression for lifetime residential addresses. The outcome was a LRTI based on data from hospital registers. We applied Poisson regression to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of LTRIs, contrasting incidence rates in the exposure quartiles to the incidence rates in the first quartile. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the joint effect of the studied air pollutants.

Results

The risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life was significantly related to exposure to individual and multiple air pollutants, measured with the Multipollutant Index (MPI), including primarily sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with a dry diameter of up to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures in the first year of life, with an adjusted IRR of 1.72 per unit increase in MPI (95% CI 1.20 to 2.47). LRTIs were not related to prenatal exposure.

Conclusions

We provide evidence that ambient air pollution exposure during the first year of life increases the risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life. SO2, PM2.5and NO2were found to contribute the highest weights on health effects.
Collineation groups of octonionic and split-octonionic planes
Authors: Corradetti Daniele , Marrani Alessio , Zucconi Francesco
Published: April 2024

We present a Veronese formulation of the octonionic and split-octonionic projective and hyperbolic planes. This formulation of the incidence planes highlights the relationship between the Veronese vectors and the rank-1 elements of the Albert algebras over octonions and split-octonions, yielding to a clear formulation of the relationship with the real forms of the Lie groups arising as collineation groups of these planes. The Veronesean representation also provides a novel and minimal construction of the same octonionic and split-octonionic planes, by exploiting two symmetric composition algebras: the Okubo algebra and the paraoctonionic algebra. Besides the intrinsic mathematical relevance of this construction of the real forms of the Cayley–Moufang plane, we expect this approach to have implications in all mathematical physics related with exceptional Lie Groups of type [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Price of Anarchy of Scheduling Games on Hierarchical Machines with Quadratic Social Cost
Authors: Lin Ling , Tan Zhiyi
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the inefficiency of Nash equilibria (NE) for scheduling games on hierarchical machines with quadratic social cost. There is a set of hierarchical machines and a set of jobs. Each job can choose one machine from the set of machines that are permitted to process it, and the cost associated with the job is equal to the load of the selected machine. A schedule is an NE if no job can reduce its cost by ultimately moving to a different eligible machine. The social cost is the sum of squares of the loads of all the machines. We show that the Price of Anarchy for two, three and four machines is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively.
Deep Siamese Domain Adaptation Convolutional Neural Network Optimized with Honey Badger Algorithm for Fetal Arrhythmia Detection and Classification from ECG Signals
Authors: Joel T , Sethukarasi T
Published: April 2024

Deep learning classification is commonly used to assess biomedical data. Fetal heart rate (FHR) signal data monitor the health of both the mother and the fetus and prevent mobility and death in fetuses at risk of hypoxia. But, the data imbalance is a major problem and happens frequently. To overcome this problem, a Deep Siamese domain adaptation convolutional Neural Network optimized with Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) is proposed in this paper for Fetal Arrhythmia Detection and Classification from ECG signals (DSDACNN-HBA-FAC). The input ECG signals are collected from the fetal ECG dataset. Then, the ECG data are pre-processed using coherence shock filtering (CSF), which eliminates artifacts, like baseline drift, contact noise, muscle artifacts, electrode motion, electromyography artifacts. Using the improved non-subs sampled Shearlet transform (INSST) method, the pre-processed ECG data recover the mean, standard deviation, root mean square, skewness, kurtosis, zero-crossing, autoregressive coefficients, estimated entropy, and Higuchi’s fractal dimension. The DSDACNN classifier utilizes the features extracted to categorize the output as normal and arrhythmia. In general, DSDACNN does not agree on any optimization techniques to define the optimum parameters and to ensure accurate classification. Therefore, HBA is employed to optimize the DSDACNN weight parameters. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB. The performance metrics, like sensitivity, precision, recall, f-measure, specificity, accuracy, computation time, RoC, and error rate are evaluated. The performance of DSDACNN-HBA-FAC achieves 3.101%, 7.12%, 7.73% high accuracy, 51.136%, 59.04%, 44.51% lower computation Time and 2.292%, 5.365%, 1.551% greater AUC compared with the existing techniques, like Fetal Arrhythmia Detection with Classification from ECG Signals: A NonInvasive Method (ANN-FAC), Semi-supervised active transfer learning for fetal ECG arrhythmia identification (DNN-FAC), fetal arrhythmia detection using adaptive single channel electrocardiogram extraction (CNN-FAC), respectively.
EFFECT OF SCAPULAR TAPING ON PAIN, DISABILITY AND PROPRIOCEPTION IN SUBJECTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Gautam Mridu , Venkatesan Prem , Prakash Nithin , Kalyan Hemant K. , Harikesavan Karvannan
Published: April 2024

Context: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS) is a common clinical condition in general practice and overhead athletes. Alterations in the scapular position can lead to shoulder impingement syndrome. The effect of exercises on shoulder impingement syndrome is studied but the effect of Kinesiotape is not well explored.

Methods: A total of 42 participants were included in the study. The subjects were assessed for SPADI, pain, proprioception, lateral scapula slide test, and pectoral minor length test at the baseline and the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group ([Formula: see text] = 18) received scapular taping and scapular exercises and the control group ([Formula: see text] = 17) received scapular exercises only. Post-outcome measures were taken at 4 weeks and 12 weeks during the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the outcome measures and Bonferroni’s test was used to determine the pairwise comparisons at different measurement levels amongst experimental and control groups.

Results: The study consisted of 17 males and 18 females. There was statistical significance in both groups ([Formula: see text] < 0.01) over the 4th and 12th weeks. Pain ([Formula: see text] < 0.01) and proprioception ([Formula: see text] = 0.017) was also statistically significant between both the groups at 4 weeks.

Conclusion: This study concludes that scapular taping can be used as an adjunct with scapular involvement.
Reintroducing Time, Money and Constraints: Viability to Bridge the Economic and Monetary Theories
Authors: Aubin Jean-Pierre , Aubin-Frankowski Pierre-Cyril , Lozève Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Why use a viabilistic approach to model economy? Because it is urgent to re-assess the modeling of the business cycle that integrates dynamic money creation and that has at its core the notion of constraints. The purpose of this paper is thus to propose an evolutionary economic model using a mathematical framework derived from set-valued analysis, differential inclusions and viability theory. As this approach is dynamical, the model will not use two concepts on which neo-classical economics are built i.e., (1) the existence of static repeated equilibria, (2) the optimization by an economic agent of a utility function. Furthermore, we will not use any self-organization process or “invisible hand”, as in our viabilist framework the economic viability will be maintained by explicit choices of the economic agents and of the lender of last resort over the budgetary and monetary rules to apply. Indeed, even simple constraints on the second-derivative of the means of payments already induce four-phased business cycles. Coupling these constraints over the creation of means of payment with economic evolutions of prices and commodities through a budgetary constraint allows for a single formalism, tackling jointly the question of the viability of economic and monetary evolutions.
Differential Games with Additive Payoffs
Authors: Petrosyan Leon , Tur Anna
Published: April 2024

Differential games with additive payoffs are considered. A new approach to constructing the characteristic function for such games is defined. Properties of optimality principles such as the core and the Shapley value constructed by applying the new characteristic function are studied. The solutions obtained are demonstrated by means of an example.
On the uniqueness of variable coefficient Schrödinger equations
Authors: Federico Serena , Li Zongyuan , Yu Xueying
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we prove unique continuation properties for linear variable coefficient Schrödinger equations with bounded real potentials. Under certain smallness conditions on the leading coefficients, we prove that solutions decaying faster than any cubic exponential rate at two different times must be identically zero. Assuming a transversally anisotropic type condition, we recover the sharp Gaussian (quadratic exponential) rate in the series of works by Escauriaza–Kenig–Ponce–Vega [On uniqueness properties of solutions of Schrödinger equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 31(10–12) (2006) 1811–1823; Hardy’s uncertainty principle, convexity and Schrödinger evolutions, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 10(4) (2008) 883–907; The sharp Hardy uncertainty principle for Schrödinger evolutions, Duke Math. J. 155(1) (2010) 163–187].
Three-Dimensional Effect of Turbulence on the Gust-Loading and Buffeting Response of a Cable-Stayed Bridge with Projecting-Slab Box Girder
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Jiang Hongsheng , Su Yi , Shi Kang , Zou Yunfeng , Hui Yi , Wen Jinsheng
Published: April 2024

Traditional pressure measurements fail to determine the buffeting force on bridge decks with complex configurations, such as truss or box girders with two slabs. The high-frequency force balance (HFFB) provides an efficient way to solve this aerodynamic issue. This work aims to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of gust loading acting on a strip of a bridge deck with a projecting slab using force measurements with double-HFFBs. Based on Ribner’s three-dimensional (3D) spectral tensor theory, the relationship between the buffeting forces on an equivalent strip and segment can be derived. The three-dimensional aerodynamic admittance (3D) can be identified considering the 3D effect of turbulence, which can be decoupled into 2D AAF and spanwise correction factor. The results show that the influences of segment lengths and turbulence on the 2D AAF and coherence of the equivalent strip can be eliminated, indicating the validity of the proposed approach. Finally, the applicability of strip theory in estimating the buffeting response of long-span cable-stayed bridges is investigated using finite element analysis.
Nonlinear Energy Harvesting From a Base Excited Size-Dependent Flexoelectric Nanostructure with Off-Center Rigid Tip Mass Subjected to Axial Pulsating Excitation
Authors: Pandey Chandan , Kumar Pravesh , Pratiher Barun
Published: April 2024

This study explores the incorporation of flexoelectricity and size-dependence effects in electricity harvesting from a novel nanostructure. This nanostructure, featuring a cylindrical-shaped rigid tip mass, is stimulated at the base with axial pulsating excitation. Designed with a nanobeam material, the energy harvester accounts for structural nonlinearity, flexoelectricity, and the presence of an off-center rigid mass, operating under multiple excitations. The eigenanalysis is employed to delve into the dynamic characteristics of the system, providing engineers with insights to identify safe operating regions and operational constraints. Additionally, perturbation techniques are utilized to estimate steady-state voltage and power characteristics, with a focus on maximizing voltage and power generation. The study underscores the impact of size dependence on nanoscale design, flexoelectricity, asymmetric tip mass, and various excitation parameters within a constrained operating range. Analysis reveals how saddle-node and pitchfork bifurcations can disrupt energy harvesting performance and suggests strategies for mitigating these issues by adjusting operational parameters. Moreover, the study emphasizes the significant role of the off-center rigid tip mass in energy estimation compared to conventional microstructure-based energy harvesters. Analytical findings are rigorously validated against numerical results under different resonant scenarios, showcasing the accuracy of the analytical approach in capturing nonlinear sources and optimizing energy harvesting from nanostructures.
Asymptotic behavior of grade of some modules via linkage
Authors: Jahangiri Maryam , Nadali Azadeh , Sayyari Khadijeh
Published: April 2024

Assume that [Formula: see text] is a standard graded algebra over the local ring [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a homogeneous ideal of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a finitely generated graded [Formula: see text]-module and [Formula: see text] denotes the irrelevant ideal of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, among other things, we study the asymptotic behavior of the set [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text], in the case where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are homogenously linked over [Formula: see text].
Exploring the physical properties of strange star SAXJ1808.4–3658 in rainbow gravity
Authors: Ali Wasib , Sheikh Umber , Ali Sarfraz , Amir Muhammad Jamil
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the formation and evolution of a strange star known as SAX.J1808.4–3658 in the Krori–Barua Rainbow spacetime, resulting from the collapse of string fluid. The study examined the dynamical variables derived from the field equations, taking into consideration the influence of the particle’s energy on the mass density, pressure, and string tension. Additionally, various techniques were employed to analyze the physical properties, including gradients, energy conditions, anisotropy, stability, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, mass function, compactness, and red-shift. The study’s findings revealed that the strange star SAX.J1808.4–3658 satisfies all the conditions necessary for its evolution from an anisotropic string fluid. This discovery suggests that strange stars might have emerged during the string-oriented quark era of the Universe. The researchers presented all the physical quantities within the frameworks of both rainbow gravity and general relativity, while also utilizing graphical representations to aid in comprehending the study’s findings. The energy conditions and anisotropy were found to be fulfilled, indicating the stability of the strange star. Furthermore, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation was employed to determine the maximum mass of the strange star, which was found to align with observational data.
On the Design and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Tubular Auxetic Anti-Tri-Missing Rib Structure
Authors: Mustakim Tuhib Bin , Yan Zhenxu , Zhang Chuanbiao , Zhu Yilin , Lu Fucong
Published: April 2024

In a previous work, the authors proposed a novel planar isotropic anti-tri-missing rib structure exhibiting excellent negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) performance within extremely large strain range. Building upon this foundation, a novel tubular auxetic anti-tri-missing rib structure is further proposed in this work. By utilizing the Castigliano’s theorem, the theoretical formulae of the effective mechanical properties of the proposed auxetic tubular structure were then established to facilitate the understanding of the underlying microstructural mechanisms. Discussions of the analytical solutions were presented to elucidate different roles of the microstructural geometry on the effective mechanical properties of the proposed design. Results indicate that desired mechanical properties will be obtained by adjusting the geometrical parameters. The analytical solutions were also validated by systematic finite element (FE) analyses, which align well with theoretical values, confirming the feasibility of the developed theoretical formulae. The research findings presented herein provide theoretical foundations and design insights for the practical application of the auxetic tubular meta-structures.
An Innovative Study on Stock Price Prediction for Investment Decision Through ARIMA and LSTM with Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Harikumar Yedhu , Muthumeenakshi M.
Published: April 2024

The securities market is extremely volatile and difficult to prognosticate. Stock prices are depending upon numerous factors. To reduce the risk of volatility, it is very important to apply an accurate mechanism to forecast stock prices. The importance of share price prediction forecasting in finance and economics has sparked researchers’ interest in creating more reliable forecasting models over time. In this research paper, the researchers try to explore two different applications based on linear and nonlinear (RNN) functions. The criteria for the stock price predictions are evolved using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) which takes the linearity function from the past share prices. The ARIMA model assumes the future prices usually be similar to past. Sudden changes may not reflect in this model. The nonlinearity Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is going to be applied for share price prediction so that it can be taken into account the quick changes that are occurring in the market environment. To test the RNN, the study used the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model which takes the support of Artificial Intelligence. Taking the sample of share prices of banks listed in the NIFTY index, the ARIMA and LSTM have been performed and analyzed. Stock price predictions for banks listed in the NIFTY bank index are found better with the ARIMA model than with the LSTM model.
Control dengue with Wolbachia: Insights from a two-strain vector-host model with larval competition
Authors: Fang Shuanghui , Liu Kaihui , Wang Jun
Published: April 2024

Due to deficient treatments and vaccines for dengue viruses, dengue control mainly depends on controlling mosquitoes. Suppressing wild mosquito population size by releasing male-only Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes into the field has become an eco-friendly alternative for traditional mosquito control methods. By assuming an ideal continuous proportional release strategy, we formulate a two-strain vector-host model incorporating larval competition to describe the affected cross-transmission dynamics of two dengue viruses serotypes. Moreover, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and temporal cross-immunity are considered in this model. Theoretical analysis including the well-posedness, the existence and local stability of dengue-free equilibria in terms of the basic reproduction numbers is conducted. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the basic reproduction numbers are most sensitive to the adult female mortality rate and mosquito bite rate. As expected, intensifying larval competition can prevent the spread of dengue viruses. Unexpectedly, increasing the release ratio can delay the peak time while increase the peak level of both primary and secondary infections. To efficiently eliminate dengue outbreaks, other control methods such as spraying larvicides/adult insecticides and avoiding mosquito bites should be employed simultaneously during the time period gained by releasing Wolbachia-carrying males.
Current Trends in Liquid Crystal Polymers and Their Applications: A Review
Authors: Biswal Trinath
Published: April 2024

Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are now highly focused by researchers due to their improved thermal properties, mechanical strength, excellent dielectric strength, resistance to solvents, better dimensional stability, and gas barrier properties. LCPs can be used in valuable widespread applications such as energy storage, high-performance polymer fibers, actuators, information technologies, surface modification, shape memory materials, data storage, fiber optics, the medical field, electrical or electronics devices, aircraft, chemical, domestic equipment, ultra-high-strength fibers, biosensing, advanced communication systems, satellite systems, biosensing, bio-oscillators, and bioprocess monitoring. LCPs can self-assemble into different liquid crystalline phases like nematic, cholesteric, smectic, and columnar phases. The self-assembling structures of LCPs can be affected by the chemical and structural structures of the backbone of the polymeric material, nearby alkyl tails, mesogenic units, flexible spacers, etc. Depending on the mesogenic units in their molecular architecture, LCPs are basically classified into various categories, such as crosslinked, main chain, and sidechain. Again, they are also classified as cholesteric, nematic, and smectic mesophases. This paper provides a fundamental understanding, an informative overview, and details of structural aspects, properties, classification, commercial aspects, and applications of LCPs.
The Construction of the Sequential Medical System for Trauma Care
Authors: Pang Ruiqi , Gan Di , Wu Xiaodong , Xu Yiqiang , Liu Yina , Li Jun , Wang Tao
Published: April 2024

The connection between pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency care is paramount in determining the survival rate of trauma patients. Sequential Medical System (SMS) puts an accent on the continuous and efficient entire process of trauma treatment, which promotes the connection of pre-hospital and in-hospital medical activities from “seamless” to “deep convergence” by information sharing platforms, joint teaching rounds, and cooperative medical science popularization. SMS upholds a “people’s health-centered” approach under the guidance of Healthy China Strategy, and its application enables emergency ambulance personnel to participate in the teaching rounds at hospitals, and follow up with their patients. SMS contributes to enhancing patients’ experience, especially to improve the efficiency of the emergency green channel for severe trauma patients. The system embodies the human-oriented discipline in trauma treatment, and facilitates the innovation research on medical and health system reform.
Exploring Blockchain Technology through a Modular Lens: A Survey
Authors: Xu Minghui , Guo Yihao , Liu Chunchi , Hu Qin , Yu Dongxiao , Xiong Zehui , Niyato Dusit (Tao) , Cheng Xiuzhen
Published: April 2024

Blockchain has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential to revolutionize various industries by providing trustlessness. To comprehensively examine blockchain systems, this article presents both a macro-level overview on the most popular blockchain systems, and a micro-level analysis on a general blockchain framework and its crucial components. The macro-level exploration provides a big picture on the endeavors made by blockchain professionals over the years to enhance the blockchain performance while the micro-level investigation details the blockchain building blocks for deep technology comprehension. More specifically, this article introduces a general modular blockchain analytic framework that decomposes a blockchain system into interacting modules and then examines the major modules to cover the essential blockchain components of network, consensus, and distributed ledger at the micro-level. The framework as well as the modular analysis jointly build a foundation for designing scalable, flexible, and application-adaptive blockchains that can meet diverse requirements. Additionally, this article explores popular technologies that can be integrated with blockchain to expand functionality and highlights major challenges. Such a study provides critical insights to overcome the obstacles in designing novel blockchain systems and facilitates the further development of blockchain as a digital infrastructure to service new applications.
Exploiting Anchor Links for NLOS Combating in UWB Localization
Authors: Chen Yijie , Wang Jiliang , Yang Jing
Published: April 2024

UWB (Ultra-wideband) has been shown to be a promising technology to provide accurate positioning for the Internet of Things. However, its performance significantly degrades in practice due to Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) issues. Various approaches have implicitly or explicitly explored the problem. In this article, we propose RefLoc , which leverages the unique benefits of UWB to address the NLOS problem. While we find that NLOS links can vary significantly in the same environment, LOS links possess similar features that can be captured by the high bandwidth of UWB. Specifically, the high-level idea of RefLoc is to first identify links among anchors with known positions and leverage those links as references for tag link identification. To achieve this, we address the practical challenges of deriving anchor link status, extracting qualified link features, and inferring tag links with anchor links. We implement RefLoc on commercial hardware and conduct extensive experiments in different environments. The evaluation results show that RefLoc achieves an average NLOS identification accuracy of 96% in various environments, improving the state-of-the-art by 10%, and reduces 80% localization error with little overhead.
Four hours of normobaric hypoxia reduces Achilles tendon reflex inhibition
Authors: Debenham Mathew I. B. , Bruce Christina B. , McNeil Chris J. , Dalton Brian H.
Published: April 2024

The Ib pathway arising from the Golgi tendon organ provides inhibitory signals onto motor neuron pools that modifies force and, hence, postural control. Although hypoxia influences standing balance (increases sway), the underlying mechanisms have yet to be unraveled. Our study identified that tendon-evoked inhibition onto a plantar flexor motoneuron pool is reduced by acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia. This reduction of inhibition may contribute to the hypoxia-related increase in postural sway.
A constrained constructive optimization model of branching arteriolar networks in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Bao Yuki , Frisbee Amelia C. , Frisbee Jefferson C. , Goldman Daniel
Published: April 2024

The present work introduces a CCO-based algorithm for generating branching arteriolar networks, with adjustable model parameters to enable modeling in varying skeletal muscle tissues. The geometric and hemodynamic parameters of the generated networks have been comprehensively validated using experimental data collected previously in-house and from literature. This is one of few validated CCO-based models to specialize in skeletal muscle microvasculature and acts as a beneficial tool for investigating the microvasculature for hypothesis testing and validation.
Supplementary Table 1 from The Web-Based Portal SpatialTME Integrates Histological Images with Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics to Explore the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Shi Jintong , Wei Xia , Xun Zhenzhen , Ding Xinyu , Liu Yao , Liu Lianxin , Ye Youqiong
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table 1
Supplementary Figure S4 from Discovery of a Novel Potent EGFR Inhibitor Against EGFR Activating Mutations and On-Target Resistance in NSCLC
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Oh Seung Yeon , Lee You Won , Kim Ju Young , Kim Min-Je , Kim Tae Ho , Lee Jii Bum , Hong Min Hee , Lim Sun Min , Baum Anke , Woelflingseder Lydia , Engelhardt Harald , Petronczki Mark , Solca Flavio , Yun Mi Ran , Cho Byoung Chul
Published: April 2024

Antitumor efficacy of BI-4732 in PC9-driven intracranial tumor models
Supplementary Table S7 from A Phase I Study of Acapatamab, a Half-life Extended, PSMA-Targeting Bispecific T-cell Engager for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dorff Tanya , Horvath Lisa G. , Autio Karen , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Rettig Matthew B. , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Bilen Mehmet A. , Lolkema Martijn P. , Adra Nabil , Rottey Sylvie , Greil Richard , Matsubara Nobuaki , Tan Daniel S.W. , Wong Alvin , Uemura Hiroji , Lemech Charlotte , Meran Johannes , Yu Youfei , Minocha Mukul , McComb Mason , Penny Hweixian Leong , Gupta Vinita , Hu Xuguang , Jurida Gabor , Kouros-Mehr Hosein , Janát-Amsbury Margit M. , Eggert Tobias , Tran Ben
Published: April 2024

Summary of dose-limiting toxicities
Supplementary Fig. S8 from Cooperative Armoring of CAR and TCR T Cells by T Cell–Restricted IL15 and IL21 Universally Enhances Solid Tumor Efficacy
Authors: Nguyen Rosa , Doubrovina Ekaterina , Mousset Charlotte M. , Jin Benjamin Y. , Okada Reona , Zhang Xiyuan , Clavel Arina , Reyes-Gonzalez Jeyshka M. , Dyomin Vadim , Diaz Louis , Zhang Ling , Abbas Shahroze , Sun Ming , Hsieh Chao-Ming , Ho Mitchell , Shern Jack F. , Gulley James L. , Hinrichs Christian S.
Published: April 2024

Single-cell sequencing analysis.
Supplementary Figure 5 from CB307: A Dual Targeting Costimulatory Humabody VH Therapeutic for Treating PSMA-Positive Tumors
Authors: Archer Sophie , Brailey Phillip M. , Song Minjung , Bartlett Phillip D. , Figueiredo Ines , Gurel Bora , Guo Christina , Brucklacher-Waldert Verena , Thompson H. Lorraine , Akinwale Jude , Boyle Samantha E. , Rossant Christine , Birkett Neil R. , Pizzey Julia , Maginn Mark , Legg James , Williams Richard , Johnston Colette M. , Bland-Ward Philip , de Bono Johann S. , Pierce Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 5: CB307 binding to cell-presented targets
Supplementary Figure 10 from CB307: A Dual Targeting Costimulatory Humabody VH Therapeutic for Treating PSMA-Positive Tumors
Authors: Archer Sophie , Brailey Phillip M. , Song Minjung , Bartlett Phillip D. , Figueiredo Ines , Gurel Bora , Guo Christina , Brucklacher-Waldert Verena , Thompson H. Lorraine , Akinwale Jude , Boyle Samantha E. , Rossant Christine , Birkett Neil R. , Pizzey Julia , Maginn Mark , Legg James , Williams Richard , Johnston Colette M. , Bland-Ward Philip , de Bono Johann S. , Pierce Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 10: hPSMA expression on RP1 tumour cells is lost over time, even in tumours dosed with HSA only
Supplementary Figure S4 from Germline Mutations of Holliday Junction Resolvase Genes in Multiple Primary Malignancies Involving Lung Cancer Lead to PARP Inhibitor Sensitization
Authors: Wang Haoran , Chen Yuping , Wang Xinshu , Huang Binhao , Xie Juntao , Yin Hui , Yang Jie , Wu Jinhuan , Yuan Jian , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S4: Effects of HJR VUS on DNA double-strand break damage in H1975 cells.