bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Causes and Effects of Migration from Rural to Urban: A Case Study of Bijapur
Colony- Ligapayyankakadu, Mulki
Authors: D’Mello Laveena , Monteiro Meena
Published: July 2021

Migration is the movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of
establishing a new or semi-permanent residence. Migration is from a rural area to the urban area in search of new job avenues, improve their economic condition and to improve the standard of living once they go back to their native. Migration denotes a person living outside his or her native place especially from a rural area to urban. Many leave their homes because there are not enough employment opportunities, low yielding land, more family members depend on the small land, food, water, work or other fundamental requirements like health benefits, education. Another important aspect is that the consequences of environmental catastrophes, such as drought, floods, low prices for their products, disease to the product can also force thousands to leave their native countries. Today people are moving towards cities seeking employment opportunities. In this paper, the researcher wants to study about causes and effects of migration with the case study. The objectives are to know the reason for migration and the effects of their migration. 50 respondents were covered out of 1400 migrated people from Bijapura colony, Lingappayana Kadu, Mulky, under simple random sampling method. Questionnaires method was used to collect the data. Both primary
and secondary data was included.
Current state and development trends of livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Yessengaliyeva S. M. , Mansurova M. A. , Makhmudov A. D. , Fedorchenko L. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the current state of the animal husbandry industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of regions. The indicators of the dynamics of the number of livestock of farm animals for the period 2015-2019 by regions, indicators of productivity in the industry, indicators of the volume of production of meat products are analyzed. The dynamics and structure of costs in the country’s livestock industry are also considered.Today, one of the most pressing problems in the development of the agro-industrial complex is the low level of labor productivity due to low automation and digitalization of technological processes. The need to meet the demand for livestock products in the domestic market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to increase its export resources, poses a challenge for Kazakhstani science and practice to develop, scientifically substantiate and master modern technologies for the production of low-cost, environmentally friendly, competitive products of the industry. They should be resource-saving, aimed at maximizing the use and improvement of the genetic potential of farmed farm animals, adapted to the specific natural and economic conditions of the regions of the republic. The development and mastering of such technologies will make it possible to weaken the negative impact of the industry on the environment, reduce the cost of material resources, and effectively use the available land and water resources [5].The main problems hindering the effective development of the country’s livestock industry are identified. The promising strategic directions for the development of this industry have been determined. From the point of view of experts of the financial organization, the country has good potential and opportunities to export its beef and pork to China, and the lamb of the Edilbay sheep breed to the countries of the Middle East.
Assessment of food security in Kazakhstan in conditions of crisis Covid 19
Authors: Yeszhanova Zh. Zh. , Yermekbayeva D. D. , Myrzayeva U. A.
Published: July 2021

In the article, the authors analyzed the changes in the main components of food security in Kazakhstan for 2020 to clarify the question of how the crisis associated with the Covid 19 coronavirus pandemic affected its level. The authors analyzed the main components of food security: they assessed the dynamics of changes in the physical and economic accessibility of food in the country, the quality and safety of products, sustainability and availability of resources, and also compared them with the average value of these criteria for 113 countries. A comparative analysis showed that the level of food security in our country exceeds the average level for the compared countries, and during the quarantine period Kazakhstan managed to increase these indicators, which indicates the effectiveness of the government measures taken to support the development of agricultural producers to ensure uninterrupted food delivery.
Studying ModernDecline Curve Analysis Models for Unconventional Reservoirs to Predict Performance of Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors:   Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt., M. Ahmed Sondos , Khattab Hamid ,   Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt., Tantawi Mahmoud ,   Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
Published: July 2021

Among different reservoir forecasting methods, the decline curve method stands as the simplest, least time-consuming, and least data requirement method. This is more proper for tight and unconventional reservoirs. Production from these unconventional reservoirs has grown dramatically around the world for the past few years. In this study, decline curve models that are developed to predict the performance of Unconventional Reservoirs are studied, analyzed, applied, and validated for different reservoir scenarios, some of them are simulated data that present different scenarios of flow regimes (4-cases) others are Field data for shale unconventional reservoirs. The models used in this thesis along with Arps Model are: • Stretched Exponential Decline Production Decline (SEPD). • Logistics Growth Model (LGM). • Duong’s Model. • Power Law Exponential Decline (PLE). Each model has its own parameters and equations. The main aim to select the best applicable model/s in terms of the simplicity of application, degree of fit, and accuracy of EUR calculation. In addition, these methods are compared at various production times to investigate the effect of production time on prediction performance. As a part of the validation process, all methods are benchmarked against simulation. This work shows that all the methods predict various recovery and some fit certain simulation cases better than others. In addition, no single method could predict EUR precisely without reaching BDF. Using this work, engineers could select the best applicable model to predict EUR after identifying the simulation case that is most analogous to their field wells.
I Congresso Nacional de Estudantes de Enfermagem: protagonismo e compromisso social
Authors: Santos Fernanda Batista Oliveira , Prates Elton Junior Sady
Published: July 2021

Em 2020, comemora-se o ano internacional das enfermeiras e parteiras e o bicentenário de Florence Nightingale, em meio ao maior desafio sanitário e humanitário do século XXI, ocasionado pela pandemia de Covid-19. Nesse contexto, torna-se oportuno resgatar as histórias de lutas do Movimento Estudantil de Enfermagem (MEEnf) no Brasil, pois estas rememoram o protagonismo destes atores e seu compromisso social. Nada mais oportuno que lançar luz ao I Congresso Nacional de Estudantes de Enfermagem, por meio destas páginas, um fac-símile que aborda o verbete do I Congresso Nacional de Estudantes de Enfermagem realizado pela Executiva Nacional de Estudantes de Enfermagem (ENEEnf) face as suas contribuições em prol do desenvolvimento social, cultural, político e científico do corpo estudantil da enfermagem brasileira. O Congresso ocorreu em 1963, na Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade da Paraíba, em João Pessoa – Paraíba, com tema central “A problemática profissional”. As discussões se centraram em três eixos de problematização: I) Sentido profissional; II) Mercado de trabalho; III) Divulgação. Seus objetivos precípuos tangeram questões relacionada aos desafios da enfermagem como profissão, bem como abordaram os hiatos relacionados a valorização e ao reconhecimento social dessa. Releva-se que tais discussões se aglutinam e reverberam ainda nos dias hodiernos, especialmente no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Destaca-se que a organização e a mobilização dos estudantes são fundamentais para o fortalecimento da enfermagem, tendo em vista que a formação deve contemplar o tripé acadêmico, social e cultural, tão caro para uma atuação profissional multidimensional e socialmente referenciada. Ademais, nas quatro décadas de (re)existência da ENEEnf, tem-se cumprido os seus princípios precípuos, que se pautam na mudança da cultura e organicidade do MEEnf por meio do avanço de processos formativos vinculados a outros movimentos sociais, entidades e instituições parceira afim de proporcionar o protagonismo e a organização dos estudantes enquanto sujeitos coletivos conscientes de sua opção frente ao mundo(1,2).
“The world has gone after him”. From the review of A. D. Spiridonova’s graduate project supervised by S. N. Andriyaka
Authors: Zelenina Yana Ernestovna
Published: July 2021

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“Not about war”: a new curator’s look
Authors: Lagutenkova Vera Anatolievna
Published: July 2021

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LA COVID-19 EN LOS MEDIOS DIGITALES DE LA ARGENTINA. UN ESTUDIO SOBRE LOS DISCURSOS DE CONTROL Y SANCIÓN Y LAS REPRESENTACIONES DE LAS VÍCTIMAS
Authors: Arcangeletti Yacante Carla Antonella
Published: July 2021

El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar lacobertura mediática de la COVID-19 en la prensa digitalargentina. Partiendo de la premisa de que en contextos depandemia el consumo mediático tiende a elevarse producto dela necesidad de las personas de recibir información de calidad entiempo real, se pretende identificar: 1) cómo fueron tematizadaslas coberturas; 2) si la excepcionalidad de la situación favorecióel despliegue de encuadres de sanción y control, y 3) cómo seconstruyeron en los medios digitales a las víctimas de la pandemiatras más de 190 días de aislamiento y/o distanciamiento social.En función de los objetivos propuestos, se desarrolló un análisisde contenido cuantitativo sobre las noticias más relevantessobre COVID-19 publicadas por los diarios digitales Clarín, LaNación, Infobae y Página/12.
Utilizing Split Fluorescent Proteins to Visualize Binary Cell Fate Decisions
Authors: Mehta Setu
Published: July 2021

Binary cell fate decisions serve at a cornerstone of cellular decision-making processes during embryonic development. Understanding and studying these decisions require an intimate knowledge of the spatial and temporal expression dynamics of critical genes. Split fluorescent proteins (sFP) can serve as a novel tool to study these binary cell fate decisions, with unique applications such as the potential to amplify weak genetic signals. Ultimately, sFPs can be utilized to revolutionize the study of protein-protein interactions during embryonic development and beyond.
Studying Subjective Well-Being during a Quarantine
Authors: Browning Samuel , Geller E. Scott
Published: July 2021

To investigate the impact of writing a gratitude letter on particular mood states, we asked students in two university classes (a research class and a positive psychology class) to complete a 15-item mood assessment survey (MAS) twice a day (once in the morning and once at night). The research students who signed up for one or two pass/fail field-study credits in a research class also completed the MAS twice a day, but they did not write the weekly gratitude letter that was expected from the students in the positive psychology class. Each mood state was averaged per each day for the participants in each group and compared between the Gratitude Group and the Control Group. No group difference occurred for some mood states like “incompetent,” but for the “unmotivated” mood state, a significant difference was found. To investigate the potential effect of weekday, we compared the average mood rating between groups for each day of the week. For the mood state of “unmotivated”, a remarkable dip occurred on Wednesday for the Gratitude group, but not for the Control group. These results indicated that writing a gratitude letter increased the benefactor’s motivation, especially on the day when it was accomplished.
Pemodelan Generalized Additive Model For Location, Scale, and Shape (Gamlss) Dengan Pemulusan Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing (Loess) pada Kasus Hiv/Aids Di Jawa Timur
Authors: Wahyuni Silvia Tri , Utami Tiani Wahyu , Darsyah Moh Yamin
Published: July 2021

HIV / AIDS is a contagious disease that can attack all age groups of the population and is a health challenge in almost all over the world including Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to model HIV / AIDS cases for the factors that are suspected to influence them. One suitable method for estimating factors that influence HIV / AIDS is the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS). The GAMLSS method is flexible because it includes expansion of a good exponential family distribution to handle overdispersion data, continuous data, and discrete data. This research will apply GAMLSS semiparametric modeling with LOESS smoothing to find out the characteristics and models of HIV / AIDS cases in East Java in 2017. Based on the analysis, it was found that the variables that significantly affected were the number of homeless people, number of victims of drug abuse, population poor, and the number of fertile age couples using condom contraception with AIC value of 437,404, degree = 1 and span = 0.3, and the distribution used is Negative Binomial I.
Sociokulturne reminiscencije pandemija, zdravstvene kulture i turizma u Dalmaciji
Authors: Geić Stanko , Jurišić Marijana , Geić Jakša
Published: July 2021

Čovječanstvo je kroz svoju milenijsku povijest slijedom permanentnih migracija, a uz nedostatnu razinu zdravstvene kulture i infrastrukture, od pamtivijeka suočeno s brojnim zaraznim bolestima pa i globalnim pandemijama. Među najpoznatijim i najstrašnijim pandemijama kojima je izvorište i žarište najčešće bilo u području Dalekog istoka s niskom zdravstvenom kulturom bile su pandemije lepre, kuge, boginja, kolere, tuberkuloze, malarije, pa i najnovija pandemija Corona virusa SARS Cov-2 Covid- 19. One su zahvaćale i naše krajeve, pa i Dalmaciju koja je oduvijek imala razgranate komunikacije diljem Mediterana i svijeta. Katastrofalne razmjere globalnih pandemija o kojima je riječ pokazuju procjene suvremenih istraživača koje govore da je, primjerice, tijekom povijesti samo od brojnih pandemija kuge umrlo preko pola milijarde ljudi ili 2/3 žitelja Europe. Razvoj masovnog turizma uz sve zdravstvene pogodnosti privremene promjene radne i životne sredine slijedom globalnih interkontinentalnih migracija, u isto vrijeme rezultira velikim polucijama i destrukcijom okoliša te intenzivnim kontaktima stvara pogodno tlo za širenje pandemija, pa je turističko ugostiteljski sektor uvijek prvi na udaru restrikcija s velikim socio gospodarskim posljedicama. Pozitivna, ali i negativna iskustva, te razmjere pandemija i aktivnosti za njihovo sprječavanje te suzbijanje, u radu se sagledavaju na globalnom planu te posebice prostoru kroz vjekove glasovite hrvatske regije Dalmacije, kao razmeđi europskih demografskih, gospodarskih i kulturnih komunikacija. Spoznaja i analiziranje pojavnosti i zakonitosti nastanka, razvoja, širenja te vremensko trajanje i periodično ponavljanje pandemija, pa i njihovo suzbijanje i preveniranje kroz milenijsku povijest, što se uz sociokulturne interakcije s turizmom razmatra u ovom radu, može biti dragocjen orijentir i u aktualnoj pandemiji. Ona je ozbiljno zaprijetila svijetu s preko 100 milijuna oboljelih i 2 milijuna preminulih (do 31. 01.2021.), uz zabrinjavajuću progresiju koja unatoč naporima prenapregnute zdravstveno epidemiološke struke i pronalaska cjepiva, pojavom novih sojeva i mutacijom virusa, ne jenjava. Problemi su evidentni i u Dalmaciji te Hrvatskoj u cjelini, koja je prema broju zaraženih po stanovniku krajem prosinca i početkom siječnja bila među najugroženijim zemljama EU, uz ukupno 200.000 oboljelih i 5.000 preminulih. Međutim uz poduzete drastične mjere Nacionalnog stožera, situacija s pandemijom u RH pa i Dalmaciji postupno jenjava, što uz intenzivno procjepljivanje pučanstva omogućava daljnje oprezno popuštanje mjera s nakanom da Hrvatska kao „corona free“ destinacija dočeka turističku sezonu o kojoj ovisi dalmatinsko pa i cjelokupno hrvatsko gospodarstvo.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA ÁREA DE PERÍCIA CONTÁBIL: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO EM PERIÓDICOS NO ÂMBITO NACIONAL – PERÍODO DE 2000 A 2016
Authors: Barbosa Rafaela da Silva , Rabelo Henrique Marcelo , Saporito Antônio
Published: July 2021

A perícia contábil é indispensável para a contribuição na tomada de decisão do magistrado, pois a partir da elaboração do laudo pericial é possível comprovar e desvendar possíveis erros ou fraudes cometidas. A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar as características das produções cientificas na área de perícia contábil realizadas no âmbito nacional do período de 2000 a 2016, em periódicos listados na Qualis/Capes e Scielo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo quantitativa. Para executar o objetivo exposto foi adotada a abordagem biográfica e bibliométrica, a qual contém uma amostra de 27 artigos. Detectou-se que os entre os principais resultados, existem mais artigos de caráter empírico do que teórico, há predomínio de artigos sobre o tema laudo pericial, observou-se que é comum ter dois a quatro autores por publicação, e entre os autores mais prolíficos destacam-se Ivam Ricardo Peleias e Martinho Maurício Gomes de Ornelas, e os autores mais referenciados tem-se em primeiro lugar Martinho Maurício Gomes de Ornelas e segundo lugar Antônio Lopes de Sá. Concluiu-se que a perícia contábil é um campo pouco explorado por parte de acadêmicos e pesquisadores no território nacional, ela apresenta baixa frequência de pesquisas com abordagens em assuntos contemporâneos na área.
Reconstruction of the mass and geometry of snowfall particles from multi angle snowflake camera (MASC) images
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , Grazioli Jacopo , Alexis Berne
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a method named 3D-GAN, based on a generative adversarial network (GAN), to retrieve the total mass, 3D structure and the internal mass distribution of snowflakes. The method uses as input a triplet of binary silhouettes of particles, corresponding to the triplet of stereoscopic images of snowflakes in free fall captured by a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC). 3D-GAN is trained on simulated snowflakes of known characteristics whose silhouettes are statistically similar to real MASC observations and it is evaluated by means of snowflake replicas printed in 3D at 1 : 1 scale. The estimation of mass obtained by 3D-GAN has a normalized RMSE (NRMSE) of 40 %, a mean normalized bias (MNB) of 8 % and largely outperforms standard relationships based on maximum size and compactness. The volume of the convex hull of the particles is retrieved with MNRSE of 35 % and MNB of +19 %. In order to illustrate the potential of 3D-GAN to study snowfall microphysics and highlight its complementarity with existing retrieval algorithms, some application examples and ideas are provided, using as showcases the large available datasets of MASC images collected worldwide during various field campaigns. The combination of mass estimates (from 3D-GAN) and hydrometeor classification or riming degree estimation (from independent methods) allows for example to obtain mass-to-size power law parameters stratified on hydrometeor type or riming degree. The parameters obtained in this way are consistent with previous findings, with exponents overall around 2 and increasing with the degree of riming.
Reviews and syntheses: Ongoing and emerging opportunities to improve environmental science using observations from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
Authors: Khan Anam M. , Stoy Paul C. , Douglas James T. , Anderson Martha , Diak George , Otkin Jason A. , Hain Christopher , Rehbein Elizabeth M. , McCorkel Joel
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Environmental science is increasingly reliant on remotely sensed
observations of the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Observations from
polar-orbiting satellites have long supported investigations on land cover
change, ecosystem productivity, hydrology, climate, the impacts of
disturbance, and more and are critical for extrapolating (upscaling)
ground-based measurements to larger areas. However, the limited temporal
frequency at which polar-orbiting satellites observe the Earth limits our
understanding of rapidly evolving ecosystem processes, especially in areas
with frequent cloud cover. Geostationary satellites have observed the
Earth's surface and atmosphere at high temporal frequency for decades, and
their imagers now have spectral resolutions in the visible and near-infrared regions that are comparable to commonly used polar-orbiting sensors like the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), or Landsat. These advances extend applications of geostationary Earth observations from weather monitoring to multiple disciplines in ecology and environmental science. We review a number of existing applications that use data from geostationary platforms and present upcoming opportunities for observing key ecosystem properties using high-frequency observations from the Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABI) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), which routinely observe the Western Hemisphere every 5–15 min. Many of the existing applications in environmental science from ABI are focused on estimating land surface temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, and biomass burning emissions along with detecting rapid drought development and wildfire. Ongoing work in estimating vegetation properties and phenology from other geostationary platforms demonstrates the potential to expand ABI observations to estimate vegetation greenness, moisture, and productivity at a high temporal frequency across the Western Hemisphere. Finally, we present emerging opportunities to address the relatively coarse
resolution of ABI observations through multisensor fusion to resolve
landscape heterogeneity and to leverage observations from ABI to study the
carbon cycle and ecosystem function at unprecedented temporal frequency.
The three-dimensional groundwater salinity distribution and fresh groundwater volumes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, inferred from geostatistical analyses
Authors: Gunnink Jan L. , Pham Hung Van , Oude Essink Gualbert H. P. , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Over the last decades, economic developments in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
have led to a sharp increase in groundwater pumping for domestic,
agricultural and industrial use. This has resulted in alarming rates of land
subsidence and groundwater salinization. Effective groundwater management,
including strategies to work towards sustainable groundwater use, requires
knowledge about the current groundwater salinity distribution, in particular
the available volumes of fresh groundwater. At the moment, no comprehensive
dataset of the spatial distribution of fresh groundwater is available. To
create a 3D model of total dissolved solids (TDS), an existing geological
model of the spatial distribution and thickness of the aquifers and
aquitards is updated. Next, maps of drainable porosity for each aquifer are
interpolated based on the sedimentological description of the borehole data.
Measured TDS in groundwater, inferred TDS from resistivity measurements in
boreholes and soft incomplete data (derived from measurements in boreholes
and data from domestic wells) are combined in an indicator kriging routine
to obtain the full probability distribution of TDS for each (x,y,z)
location. This statistical distribution of TDS combined with drainable
porosity yields estimates of the volume of fresh groundwater (TDS < 1 g L−1) in each aquifer. Uncertainty estimates of these volumes follow from a
Monte Carlo analysis (sequential indicator simulation). Results yield an
estimated fresh groundwater volume for the Mekong Delta of 867 billion cubic metres with an uncertainty range of 830–900 billion cubic metres, which is
somewhat higher than previous assessments of fresh groundwater volumes. The
resulting dataset can for instance be used in groundwater flow and salt
transport modelling as well as aquifer storage and recovery projects to
support informed groundwater management decisions, e.g. to prevent further
salinization of the Mekong Delta groundwater system and land subsidence, and
is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4441776 (Gunnink
et al., 2021).
Slope deformation, reservoir variation and meteorological data at the Khoko landslide, Enguri hydroelectric basin (Georgia), during 2016–2019
Authors: Tibaldi Alessandro , Pasquaré Mariotto Federico , Oppizzi Paolo , Bonali Fabio Luca , Tsereteli Nino , Mebonia Levan , Chania Johni
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The Greater Caucasus mountain belt is characterized by deep valleys, steep
slopes and frequent seismic activity, the combination of which results in
major landslide hazard. Along the eastern side of the Enguri water reservoir
lies the active Khoko landslide, whose head scarp zone affects the important
Jvari–Khaishi–Mestia road, one of the few connections with the interior of
the Greater Caucasus. Here, we present a database of measurement time series
taken over a period of 4 years (2016–2019) that enables us to compare slope
deformation with meteorological factors and human-induced perturbations owing
to variations in the water level of the reservoir. The monitoring system we
used is composed of two digital extensometers, placed within two artificial
trenches excavated across the landslide head scarp. The stations are
also equipped with internal and near-ground surface thermometers. The dataset is integrated by daily measurements of rainfall and lake level. The
monitoring system – the first installed in Georgia – was set up in the
framework of a NATO-funded project, aimed at assessing different types of
geohazards affecting the Enguri artificial reservoir and the related
hydroelectrical plant. Our results indicate that the Khoko landslide
displacements appear to be mainly controlled by variations in hydraulic
load, in turn induced by lake level oscillations. Rainfall variations might
also have contributed, though this is not always evident for all the studied
period. The full databases are freely available online at the following DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20366/unimib/unidata/SI384-2.0 (Tibaldi et al., 2020).
Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration
Authors: He Xianjin , Augusto Laurent , Goll Daniel S. , Ringeval Bruno , Wang Yingping , Helfenstein Julian , Huang Yuanyuan , Yu Kailiang , Wang Zhiqiang , Yang Yongchuan , Hou Enqing
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Soils represent the largest phosphorus (P) reserves on land and determining the amount is a critical first step for identifying sites where ecosystem functioning is potentially limited by P availability. However, global patterns and predictors of soil total P concentration remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we constructed a database of the total P concentration of 5,275 distributed globally natural soils. We quantified the relative importance of 13 soil-forming variables in predicting soil total P concentration and then made further predictions at the global scale using a random forest approach. Soil total P concentration varied significantly among parent material types, soil orders, biomes, and continents, and ranged widely from 1.4 to 9,630.0 (median 430.0 and mean 570.0) mg kg−1 across the globe. About two-thirds (65 %) of the global variation was accounted for by the 13 variables that we selected, among which soil organic carbon concentration, parent material, mean annual temperature, and soil sand content were the most important. While global predictions of soil total P concentration increased significantly with latitude, they varied largely among regions with similar latitudes due to regional differences in parent material, topography, and/or climate conditions. Global soil P stocks (excluding Antarctica) were estimated to be 26.8 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg and 62.2 ± 8.9 Pg (1 Pg = 1 × 1015 g) in the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), respectively. Our global map of soil total P concentration as well as the underlying drivers of soil total P concentration can be used to constraint Earth system models that represent the P cycle and to inform quantification of global soil P availability. Raw datasets and global maps generated in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14583375 (He et al., 2021).
Rapid Holocene bedrock canyon incision of Beida River, North Qilian Shan, China
Authors: Wang Yiran , Oskin Michael E. , Li Youli , Zhang Huiping
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Located at the transition between monsoon and westerly dominated climate systems, major rivers draining the western North Qilian Shan incise deep, narrow canyons into latest Quaternary foreland basin sediments of the Hexi Corridor. Field surveys show that the Beida River incised 125 m at the mountain front over the Late Pleistocene and Holocene at an average rate of 6 m/kyr. We hypothesize that a steep knickzone, with 3 % slope, initiated at the mountain front and has since retreated to its present position, 10 km upstream. Terrace dating results suggest this knickzone formed around the mid-Holocene, over a duration of less than 1.5 kyr, during which incision accelerated to at least 25 m/kyr. These incision rates are much larger than the uplift rate across the North Qilian fault, which suggests a climate-related increase in discharge drove rapid incision over the Holocene and formation of the knickzone. Using the relationship between incision rates and the amount of base level drop, we show the maximum duration of knickzone formation to be 700 yr and the minimum incision rate to be 50 m/kyr. This period of increased river incision is the result of increasing excess discharge, which likely corresponds to a pluvial lake-filling event at the terminus of the Beida River and correlates with a wet period driven by strengthening of the Southeast Asian Monsoon.
Kiel 1969: Ein quellenkritischer Blick auf Tradierungsprozesse als „Arbeit am Mythos“
Authors: Wardenga Ute
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The contribution uses the example of the 1969 Congress of German Geographers in Kiel to illustrate how traditions are born and passed on in
German-speaking geography. By means of hermeneutic source criticism, it
investigates how the events of „Kiel 1969“ gave rise to a myth. It concludes that the congress's participants experienced „Kiel 1969“ as the site of an enormously dense social interaction within their science. Most importantly, participants' suggestive oral reports in the aftermath of the congress turned it into the „myth of Kiel“, which became an essential driving force of German-speaking geography's modernization.
Assessment of the influence of astronomical cyclicity on sedimentation processes in Eastern Paratethys based on paleomagnetic measurements using Discrete Mathematical Analysis
Authors: Dzeboev Boris , Odintsova Anastasia , Rybkina Alena
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The main objective of this study is to apply Discrete Mathematical Analysis (DMA) to the development of the methodology of cyclostratigraphy. This aim is supported by exploring the magnetic properties of rocks, the lithology of sediments and obtained geochronological reference definitions. The analysis was based on measurements of the variability of the magnetic susceptibility of rocks, which reflects climate variations. Astronomical cycles are global; this makes it possible to carry out a correlation analysis over a large area and on different facial types of sediments, considering their lithology and other sedimentary features. The introduction of modern methods of mathematical processing of geological data is one of the prospective areas for investigation and development in geoscience. Astronomical cycles can be revealed from measurements of scalar magnetic parameters of rocks (magnetic susceptibility as presented by the authors). Specific software developed by the authors allows the processing of measurement data and assessment of the presence of stable oscillation cycles based on the obtained measurement base. The present study attempts to apply mathematical methods to magnetic data using the existing PAST program, which allows spectral analysis of primary data with the construction of Lomb-Scargle and REDFIT periodograms. We interpret the spectral analysis data based on paleomagnetic determinations, considering the available dates for the boundaries of direct and reverse polarity chrons on a general stratigraphic scale.
BARRA v1.0: kilometre-scale downscaling of an Australian regional atmospheric reanalysis over four midlatitude domains
Authors: Su Chun-Hsu , Eizenberg Nathan , Jakob Dörte , Fox-Hughes Paul , Steinle Peter , White Christopher J. , Franklin Charmaine
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Regional reanalyses provide a dynamically consistent recreation of past weather observations at scales useful for local-scale environmental
applications. The development of convection-permitting models (CPMs) in numerical weather prediction has facilitated the creation of kilometre-scale
(1–4 km) regional reanalysis and climate projections. The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for
Australia (BARRA) also aims to realize the benefits of these high-resolution models over Australian sub-regions for applications such as fire danger
research by nesting them in BARRA's 12 km regional reanalysis (BARRA-R). Four midlatitude sub-regions are centred on Perth in Western
Australia, Adelaide in South Australia, Sydney in New South Wales (NSW), and Tasmania. The resulting 29-year 1.5 km downscaled reanalyses
(BARRA-C) are assessed for their added skill over BARRA-R and global reanalyses for near-surface parameters (temperature, wind, and precipitation) at
observation locations and against independent 5 km gridded analyses. BARRA-C demonstrates better agreement with point observations for
temperature and wind, particularly in topographically complex regions and coastal regions. BARRA-C also improves upon BARRA-R in terms of the intensity
and timing of precipitation during the thunderstorm seasons in NSW and spatial patterns of sub-daily rain fields during storm events. BARRA-C
reflects known issues of CPMs: overestimation of heavy rain rates and rain cells, as well as underestimation of light rain occurrence. As a hindcast-only
system, BARRA-C largely inherits the domain-averaged bias pattern from BARRA-R but does produce different climatological extremes for temperature
and precipitation. An added-value analysis of temperature and precipitation extremes shows that BARRA-C provides additional skill over BARRA-R when
compared to gridded observations. The spatial patterns of BARRA-C warm temperature extremes and wet precipitation extremes are more highly
correlated with observations. BARRA-C adds value in the representation of the spatial pattern of cold extremes over coastal regions but remains biased
in terms of magnitude.
Brief communication: Rainfall thresholds based on Artificial neural networks can improve landslide early warning
Authors: Distefano Pierpaolo , Peres David J. , Scandura Pietro , Cancelliere Antonino
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this communication we show how the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) can improve the performance of the rainfall thresholds for landslide early warning. Results for Sicily (Italy), show how performance of a traditional rainfall event duration and depth power law threshold, yielding a true skill statistic (TSS) of 0.50, can be improved by ANNs (TSS = 0.59). Then we show how ANNs allow to easily add other variables, like peak rainfall intensity, with a further performance improvement (TSS = 0.64). This may stimulate more research on the use of this powerful tool for deriving landslide early warning thresholds.
Tsunami propagation kernel and its applications
Authors: Shimozono Takenori
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Tsunamis rarely occur in a specific area, and their occurrence is highly uncertain. Suddenly generated from their sources in deep water, they occasionally undergo tremendous amplification in shallow water to devastate low-lying coastal areas. Despite the advancement of computational power and simulation algorithms, there is a need for novel and rigorous approaches to efficiently predict coastal amplification of tsunamis during different disaster management phases, such as tsunami risk assessment and real-time forecast. This study presents convolution kernels that can instantly predict onshore waveforms of water surface elevation and flow velocity from observed/simulated wave data away from the shore. Kernel convolution involves isolating an incident-wave component from the offshore wave data and transforming it into the onshore waveform. Moreover, unlike previously derived ones, the present kernels are based on shallow-water equations with a damping term and can account for tsunami attenuation on its path to the shore with a damping parameter. Kernel convolution can be implemented at a low computational cost compared to conventional numerical models that discretise the spatial domain. The prediction capability of the kernel method was demonstrated through application to real-world tsunami cases.
Inferring the instability of a dynamical system from the skill of data assimilation exercises
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Carrassi Alberto , Lucarini Valerio
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Data assimilation (DA) aims at optimally merging observational data and model outputs to create a coherent statistical and dynamical picture of the system under investigation. Indeed, DA aims at minimizing the effect of observational and model error, and at distilling the correct ingredients of its dynamics. DA is of critical importance for the analysis of systems featuring sensitive dependence on the initial conditions, as chaos wins over any finitely accurate knowledge of the state of the system, even in absence of model error. Clearly, the skill of DA is guided by the properties of dynamical system under investigation, as merging optimally observational data and model outputs is harder when strong instabilities are present. In this paper we reverse the usual angle on the problem and show that it is indeed possible to use the skill of DA to infer some basic properties of the tangent space of the system, which may be hard to compute in very high-dimensional systems. Here, we focus our attention on the first Lyapunov exponent and the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and perform numerical experiments on the Vissio-Lucarini 2020 model, a recently proposed generalisation of the Lorenz 1996 model that is able to describe in a simple yet meaningful way the interplay between dynamical and thermodynamical variables.
Ice volume and basal topography estimation using geostatistical methods and GPR measurements : Application on the Tsanfleuron and Scex Rouge glacier, Swiss Alps
Authors: Neven Alexis , Dall'Alba Valentin , Juda Przemysław , Straubhaar Julien , Renard Philippe
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is nowadays widely used for determining glacier thickness. However, this method provides thickness data only along the acquisition lines and therefore interpolation has to be made between them. Depending on the interpolation strategy, calculated ice volumes can differ and can lack an accurate error estimation. Furthermore, glacial basal topography is often characterized by complex geomorphological features, which can be hard to reproduce using classical interpolation methods, especially when the conditioning data are sparse or when the morphological features are too complex. This study investigates the applicability of multiple-point statistics (MPS) simulations to interpolate glacier bedrock topography using GPR measurements. In 2018, a dense GPR data set was acquired on the Tsanfleuron Glacier (Switzerland). The results obtained with the direct sampling MPS method are compared against those obtained with kriging and sequential Gaussian simulations (SGS) on both a synthetic data set – with known reference volume and bedrock topography – and the real data underlying the Tsanfleuron glacier. Using the MPS modelled bedrock, the ice volume for the Scex Rouge and Tsanfleuron Glacier is estimated to be 113.9 ± 1.6 Mio m3. The direct sampling approach, unlike the SGS and the kriging, allowed not only an accurate volume estimation but also the generation of a set of realistic bedrock simulations. The complex karstic geomorphological features are reproduced, and can be used to significantly improve for example the precision of under-glacial flow estimation.
The potential of InSAR for assessing meltwater lake dynamics on Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Li Weiran , Lhermitte Stef , López-Dekker Paco
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Surface meltwater drains on several Antarctic ice shelves, resulting in surface and sub-surface lakes that are potentially critical for the ice shelf collapse. Yet, our understanding and assessment of the drainage or refreezing of these lakes is limited, mainly due to lack of field observations and to the limitations of optical satellite imagery. Therefore, this paper explores the potential of backscatter intensity and of interferometric coherence and phase from C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery as an alternative to assess the dynamics of meltwater lakes. In two case studies over Amery and Roi Baudouin ice shelves, we analyse i) the spatial and ii) the temporal variations of SAR backscatter intensity with iii) coherence and iv) interferogram phase (InSAR) patterns detected by Sentinel-1 data over multiple meltwater lakes. Throughout the year the lakes are observed in completely frozen state, in partially frozen state with a floating ice lid, and as open water lakes. The analysis reveals that the meltwater lake delineation is challenging during the melting period when the contrast between melting snow and lakes is confounded. On the other hand, it shows that the lake dynamics can be effectively captured during the refreezing process and the winter season by combining backscatter and InSAR information. In particular, the InSAR coherence and interferogram phase information are deemed essential throughout this whole period to distinguish between refrozen ice and subsurface meltwater. Additionally, the results provide significant evidence on the potential of the interferogram fringe patterns to detect and characterise instant events, such as lake drainage events over ice shelves. The potential of this technique to monitor these meltwater change events is however strongly determined by the satellite revisit interval and potential changes in scattering properties due to snowfall or melt events.
Mass evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula over the last two decades from a joint Bayesian inversion
Authors: Chuter Stephen J. , Zammit-Mangion Andrew , Rougier Jonathan , Dawson Geoffrey , Bamber Jonathan L
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The Antarctic Peninsula has been an increasingly significant contributor to Antarctic Ice Sheet mass losses over the last two decades. However, due to the challenges presented by the topography and geometry of the region, there remain large variations in mass balance estimates from conventional approaches and in assessing the relative contribution of individual ice sheet processes. Here, we use a regionally optimised Bayesian Hierarchical Model joint inversion approach, that combines data from multiple altimetry studies (ENVISAT, ICESat-1, CryoSat-2 swath), gravimetry (GRACE and GRACE-FO) and localised DEM differencing observations, to solve for annual mass trends and their attribution to individual driving processes for the period 2003–2019. The region experienced a mass imbalance rate of −19 ± 1.1 Gt yr−1 between 2003 and 2019, predominantly driven by accelerations in ice dynamic mass losses in the first decade and sustained thereafter. Inter-annual variability is driven by surface processes, particularly in 2016 due to increased precipitation driven by an extreme El Niño, which temporarily returned the sector back to a state of positive mass balance. In the West Palmer Land and the English Coast regions, surface processes are a greater contributor to mass loss than ice dynamics in the early part of the 2010s, although both processes are acting simultaneously. Our results show good agreement with conventional and other combination approaches, improving confidence in the robustness of mass trend estimates, and in turn, understanding of the region’s response to changes in external forcing.
Characteristics of extratropical cyclones and precursors to windstorms in Northern Europe
Authors: Laurila Terhi K. , Gregow Hilppa , Cornér Joona , Sinclair Victoria A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Extratropical cyclones play a major role in the atmospheric circulation, weather variability and can cause damage to society. Extratropical cyclones in Northern Europe, which is located at the end of the North Atlantic storm track, have been less studied than extratropical cyclones elsewhere. Our study investigates extratropical cyclones and windstorms in Northern Europe (which in this study covers Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and parts of the Baltic, Norwegian and Barents Seas) by analysing their characteristics, spatial and temporal evolution and precursors. We examine cold and warm seasons separately to determine seasonal differences. We track all extratropical cyclones in Northern Europe, create cyclone composites and use an ensemble sensitivity method to analyse the precursors. The ensemble sensitivity analysis is a novel method in cyclone studies where linear regression is used to statistically identify what variables possibly influence the subsequent evolution of extratropical cyclones. We investigate windstorm precursors for both the minimum mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and for the maximum 10-m wind gusts. The annual number of extratropical cyclones and windstorms have a large inter-annual variability and no significant linear trends during 1980–2019. Windstorms originate and occur over the Barents and Norwegian Seas whereas weaker extratropical cyclones originate and occur over land areas in Northern Europe. During the windstorm evolution, the maximum wind gusts move from the warm sector to behind the cold front following the strongest pressure gradient. Windstorms in both seasons are located on the poleward side of the jet stream. The maximum wind gusts occur nearly at the same time than the minimum MSLP occurs. The cold season windstorms have higher sensitivities and thus are potentially better predictable than warm season windstorms, and the minimum MSLP has higher sensitivities than the maximum wind gusts. Of the four examined precursors, both the minimum MSLP and the maximum wind gusts are the most sensitive to the 850-hPa potential temperature anomaly i.e. the temperature gradient. Hence, this parameter is likely important when predicting windstorms in Northern Europe.
Shōjo Manga Elements Imported to Contemporary Japanese Literature - A Case Study of Miura Shion
Authors: Inose Hiroko
Published: July 2021

The present paper discusses how various elements in shōjo manga (Japanese comics for girls) have been incorporated in works of Japanese contemporary literature. The connection between shōjo manga and literature was pointed out for the first time when the novel Kitchen by Yoshimoto Banana was published in 1987. This paper argues that this connection has developed further since then, focusing on one of the most active writers in contemporary Japanese literature, Miura Shion[1]. The paper briefly introduces the genre shōjo manga and describes its connection with the novel Kitchen before analysing a short story and an essay by Miura Shion, focusing both on their motifs and styles, to identify elements influenced by shōjo manga.