bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auto-routing algorithm for field-programmable photonic gate arrays
Authors: López Aitor , Pérez Daniel , DasMahapatra Prometheus , Capmany José
Published: December 2019

Programmable multipurpose photonic integrated circuits require software routines to make use of their flexible operation as desired. In this work, we propose and demonstrate the use of a modified tree-search algorithm to automatically determine the optimum optical path in a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), based on end-user specifications, circuit architecture and imperfections in the realized FPPGA arising, for example, from fabrication variations. In such a scenario, the proposed algorithm only requires the hardware topology and the location of the connections of the FPPGA defining the optical path to be programmed. The routine is able to optimize the path over multiple and competing objectives like the overall length, accumulated loss and power consumption. In addition, should any region of the circuit suffer from any potential damage that may affect the device performance, this algorithm is also able to provide basic self-healing and fault-tolerance capabilities by supplying alternative paths through the photonic arrangement.
Tracking-free adaptive contact concentration photovoltaics
Authors: Kitai Adrian
Published: December 2019

Adaptive Contact Concentration Photovoltaics (ACCPV) is outlined as a scheme to access CPV efficiency improvements without mechanical tracking. This could allow CPV to play a role in applications where maintenance-free reliability and compact size are essential requirements. Conversion efficiency enhancement using sunlight concentration in multi-junction or potentially single junction solar cells due to the well-known increase in the Shockley-Quessar limit are enabled by replacing a tracking system with an array of switchable electrodes. Cell electrodes are segmented and are connected employing a switching system that adapts to sunlight conditions. Unlike CPV systems, the ACCPV concept allows for effective operation in diffuse sunlight conditions. System losses that must be considered in order to determine whether a net benefit for ACCPV exists for a given solar cell type include optical losses, series resistance losses, and Auger losses. The ACCPV concept is clearly presented and relevant system losses are discussed. A 3% absolute increase in triple junction cell efficiency is projected.
Effects of sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus) suspension on blood biochemical parameters in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Tarmoos Afaf A. , Kafi Lubna A.
Published: December 2019

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the effects of sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus) suspension (SAS) on the measurements of blood biochemical parameters in male albino mice, in which hyperlipidemia was induced experimentally. Materials and Methods: Seventy male albino mice were divided randomly into seven groups (10 mice/group). The first group was the untreated control group (negative control). The second group comprised hyperlipidemic mice that did not receive SAS treatment (positive control). The other five groups consisted of hyperlipidemic mice that were orally administered five different doses of SAS (285, 571, 857, 1128, and 1428 mg/kg body weight). Hyperlipidemia was induced in mice by adding 1% cholesterol to the diet along with 0.5% H2O2 to the drinking water, with ad libitum access to both food and water for 60 consecutive days. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, clotting time, and platelet count were measured. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerol [TAG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], very LDL-C [VLDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) was also determined. Results: Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and clotting time significantly increased only in groups treated with SAS, especially at the dosage of 1428 mg/kg compared with the positive control group. Blood platelet count significantly decreased in SAS-treated groups. The serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C in the SAS-treated groups (857, 1128, and 1428 mg/kg) significantly decreased, whereas the serum level of HDL-C significantly increased compared with that of the positive control group. Conclusion: SAS administered orally at 1428 mg/kg body weight was the dose that most significantly decreased platelet count and serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C and increased prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and clotting time as well as serum level of HDL-C in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic mice.
Survey on the presence of antibiotic residues in raw milk samples from six sites of the dairy pool of Niamey, Niger
Authors: Madougou Amadou Morou , Douny Caroline , Moula Nassim , Scippo Marie-Louise , Delcenserie Véronique , Daube Georges , Hamani Marichatou , Korsak Nicolas
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim: Antibiotics are widely used in animal production for treating the diseases and for preventing or increasing animal growth. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the use of antibiotic residues in raw milk from the dairy pool of Niamey in three farms (Toukounous, Kirkissoye, and Niamey) and three collection centers (Hamdallaye, Kollo, and Say).

Materials and Methods: A direct interview (questionnaire) was used to collect data regarding the mode of use of antibiotics, the level of knowledge of farmers according to the withdrawal period, and a cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 samples of raw milk. The Delvotest® T was used to monitor antibiotic residues in milk. The data were analyzed using SAS and R software.

Results: The most commonly used antibiotics were those from the family of tetracycline (86.7%) and from the family of beta-lactams (13.3%). Regarding the statements of farmers, the reasons why the farmers use antibiotics were the following: About 47% in case of prevention and treatment, 29% for treatment, 12% for prevention, and 12% for increase dairy production. Moreover, the farmers lacked the necessary information about withdrawal period. Screening of antibiotic residues was performed using a standardized biological test kit, the Delvotest®. In total, from 192 samples of raw milk, 19 (9.9%) were positive including ten from collection centers and nine from farms. This could lead to a risk of exposure when a consumer drinks locally produced raw milk.

Conclusion: Raw milk supplied from the area of the study has a level of antibiotic residues, and the breeders have a low level of knowledge about the withdrawal period.
Impact of video annotation on undergraduate nursing students’ communication performance and commenting behaviour during an online peer-assessment activity
Authors: Lai Chin-Yuan , Chen Li-Ju , Yen Yung-Chin , Lin Kai-Yin
Published: December 2019

This article reports on the implementation of a web-based video-annotation system that supports online peer-assessment activities in a nursing communication training scenario. A quasi-experimental design was applied to investigate the effects of using video annotation on communication skills and professional attitudes. The participants were fourth-year students from two classes at a nursing college in Taiwan. One class of 50 students served as the experimental group, who used the video-annotation tool we designed to add their comments to videos. The other class of 50 students served as the control group and used YouTube to add comments. Although YouTube also provides video-annotation features, these are not often used. Two rounds of peer-assessment activities indicated that the video-annotation tool notably enhanced nursing students’ communication performance. Specifically, the tool was helpful in promoting students’ development of communication skills, but not their professional attitudes. The students using the video-annotation tool provided more suggestions in their peer comments than those who did not use it. Moreover, video annotation resulted in closer agreement between peer and expert ratings of students’ communication. The use of a video-annotation feature could improve the effectiveness of online peer assessment and thus promote student performance.
Understanding the antecedents of knowledge sharing behaviour and its relationship to team effectiveness and individual learning
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Huang Chung-Kai
Published: December 2019

Due to the competitive and rapidly changing nature of the external business environment, university students must acquire the ability to cooperate, share knowledge, and enhance team effectiveness and learning in the workplaces of the future. Consequently, the design of business courses in higher education merits further discussion. Based on the notions of team-based learning and flipped classrooms, we proposed a business course model that consisted of three main phases: before-class, in-class, and after-class online course activities. After implementing the course models in two business courses at two public universities in Taiwan, a survey based on social learning and social exchange theories was distributed. The data collected from 218 undergraduate business students were analysed. The findings reveal that value in team members’ contributions is positively associated with team trust and each has a significant impact on knowledge sharing and team effectiveness. Knowledge sharing played a key role in this learning context and was a significant mediator between perceptions of value in team members’ contributions and team effectiveness, as well as between team trust and team effectiveness. In addition, team effectiveness was a benefit to individual learning in these classes.
Some inequalities and superposition operator in the space of regulated functions
Authors: Olszowy Leszek , Zając Tomasz
Published: December 2019

Some inequalities connected to measures of noncompactness in the space of regulated function R(J, E) were proved in the paper. The inequalities are analogous of well known estimations for Hausdorff measure and the space of continuous functions. Moreover two sufficient and necessary conditions that superposition operator (Nemytskii operator) can act from R(J, E) into R(J, E) are presented. Additionally, sufficient and necessary conditions that superposition operator Ff
: R(J, E) → R(J, E) was compact are given.
KIKS Creativity and Technology for All
Authors: Houghton Tony , Oldknow Adrian , Diego-Mantecón José Manuel , Fenyvesi Kristof , Crilly Elizabeth , Lavicza Zsolt
Published: December 2019

To help meet an educational and societal requirement for all students to enjoy, have confidence and ability in creativity and technology, the “Kids Inspiring Kids in STEAM” (KIKS) EU project adopted an intensive Hothousing process challenging students in Finland, Spain, Hungary and the United Kingdom to engage in collaborative problem solving to develop solutions to: “How would you get your schoolmates to LOVE STEAM?” The project provided a process and technology toolkit for students, including those with special educational needs, to achieve their solutions.

A completion rate of 90% suggested that all schools and students could cope with and enjoy the process and associated technology toolkit, which featured social media plus Micro:bit, Tracker and GeoGebra for data collection and modelling.

We have extended the toolkit with simulation software and a graphical programming environment to produce realistic animations of objects in motion. Thus students will have a creativity and technology toolkit to experience the kinds of techniques and skills used by software engineers in the video, games and special effects industries. The toolkit will be on the GeoGebra platform which, in addition to mathematics, embraces STEAM and social media.
Pathographies and Epiphanies: Communicating about Illness
Authors: Nesby Linda
Published: December 2019

Epiphany is a literary device bringing forth an experience of sudden wisdom or insight and is particularly applied to literature from the romantic era. However, epiphanies are also present within contemporary autobiographical patient stories (pathographies) expressing something that is difficult and perhaps otherwise left unspoken. Kristian Gidlund’s pathographyI kroppen min. Resan mot livets slut och alltings början(2013) deals with the author’s experience of having severe cancer. Gidlund was a non-religious person but at the end of his life, his blogposts included epiphanies or visionary moments regarding his afterlife. In this article the author shows how the use of epiphanies can be a subtle means of expressing thoughts and feelings when facing severe illness. Knowing how to identify and interpret epiphanies in pathographies can improve the abilities of relatives and medical staff to communicate with patients about existential matters and emotional distress. KAKA I would like to thank Rachael Reynolds and Paul Farmer for their most conscientious proofreading, and Dr. Christopher Oscarson for the accurate translation of the quotes from Kristian Gidlund’s book.
“That’s (not) it”. Inger Christensen’s Det as Litanic Verse
Authors: Cymbrykiewicz Joanna , Zańko Aldona
Published: December 2019

Inger Christensen’s poem collection Det is one of the most recognizable and significant contemporary Danish works. Its complex and elaborate form and message have already been a subject of innumerous investigations and analyses, but neither of them has addressed its litanic traits. Basing on Witold Sadowski’s methodological apparatus, we intend to demonstrate that Christensen’s work can be perceived as litanic verse in terms of its form and generic worldview. As it appears from our investigation, in Det one litanic gene, the polyonymic, is most discernible, which translates into repetitive structures and enumerations, as well as the lyrical person’s humbleness in face of the greatness of creation.
Paris’ hjerte Johannes V. Jensen og rejsens erotik
Authors: Dam Anders Ehlers
Published: December 2019

This article highlights the link between travel and erotics as a literary trope, exemplified by Johannes V. Jensen’s story ”Louison” (1899). ”Louison” describes the short-lived affair between a male traveller and a loose woman. From their first encounter on a Parisian boulevard, loaded with baudelairian esthetics, to their sudden parting after a day and a night spent together, their relationship is made possible by the anonymity of the modern city and by the condition of modernity. The erotic encounter in Jensen’s story is inextricably connected — like in Baudelaire — to the modern urban backdrop against which it unfolds. In Jensen’s story, the erotics of travel feeds into the ”myth of Paris”: far from being merely the story of an erotic encounter, ”Louison” is also the vivid description of a fin-de-siècle Paris, swarming and buzzing with constant, multiple energies that unify in a totality elevated to the dimensions of ”myth” — a word charged with significance in Jensen’s work.
Erotikk og reise i traumatisk erindring. Madame Nielsens Det højeste væsen mellom myte og politikk
Authors: Langås Unni
Published: December 2019

In the Danish author-performer Claus Beck-Nielsen’s multi-artistic work the notion of the journey can be understood not only as a political and activist initiative, but also a configuration of movements that takes part in a continuous examination of identities and positions. His 2017 novel Det højeste væsen [The Highest Being], published under the name Madame Nielsen, demonstrates how his energetic activity and flamboyant performativity also imply an aesthetic confrontation with a traumatic past. The two plots — the failed love story and the falling dictator — reflect each other in their recycling of myths and clichés. By means of the concept of ‘postmemory’, I argue that the novel makes use of cultural conventions achieving neither an historically adequate representation nor a reparative one. The novel reveals the ways in which trauma works as an impossibility of experiencing and therefore also a distortion of memorizing processes. Both in the form of the historic events connected to the Romanian dictator and the narrator’s affair with the Romanian ballerina, powerful mediations end up substituting the experience and instead consolidating its traumatic memory.
Billing Codes Determine Lower Physician Income for Primary Care and Non-Procedural Specialties
Authors: Langer Arielle L. , Laugesen Miriam
Published: December 2019

The income gap between specialists and primary care physicians and among specialists is well established, but the drivers of this difference are not well delineated. Using the Community Tracking Study (CTS) Physician Survey, we sought to isolate and compare premiums paid to physicians for specialization and the proportion of time spent on offices visit rather than procedures. We divided medical subspecialties according the proportion of Medicare billing for Evaluation and Management (E&M) codes for the specialty as a whole. We report substantial differences in income across physician specialty, and over 70 percent of the difference in income remained controlling for factors that may confound the relationship between income and specialty including gender, location and type of practice, and hours. We note a large variation in premiums for specialization: 11.3–46.8 percent above family medicine after controlling for confounders. Classifying medical subspecialties by E&M billing as procedural versus non-procedural specialties revealed clear income differences. Controlling for confounders, procedural medical specialties earned 37.5 percent more than family medicine, as compared with 15.3 percent for non-procedural medical specialties. This analysis suggests that differences in physician income and resulting incentives are a direct consequence of the payment structure itself, rather than compensation for additional years of training or a reflection of different underlying demographics.
Numerical Investigations of a Passive Micromixer Based on Minkowski Fractal Principle
Authors: Chen Yao , Chen Xueye
Published: December 2019

This paper is mainly to study the mixing efficiency and pressure drop of the Minkowski fractal obstacle micromixers. The mixing efficiency of primary Minkowski fractal obstacle (PMFO) micromixer and secondary Minkowski fractal obstacle (SMFO) micromixer are compared at five kinds of Reynolds numbers. With the increase of obstacle height and the decrease of distance, the chaotic convection in the microchannel is enhanced. Especially at obstacle height (h) = 0.2 mm, obstacle distance (D) = 0.15 mm, and Re = 100, the vortex caused by the Minkowski fractal obstacle structure is more obvious. In addition, vortex phenomenon increases the contact area of two fluids and enhances chaotic convection. It shows that the flow direction of the fluid in the microchannel varies significantly.
The change of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α level in the use of meloxicam in rat model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Khotib Junaidi , Utami Naning Windi , Gani Maria Apriliani , Ardianto Chrismawan
Published: December 2019

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease in the joints. One of the proinflammatory cytokines that is thought to have a major role in the inflammatory process, the emergence of pain, and cartilage damage in OA is tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug class of drugs that is relatively selective in inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) formation. This study is conducted to prove the change in TNF-α level in the use of meloxicam with model in animals suffering from OA.

Methods

The OA rat model was induced with sodium monoiodoacetate intra-articularly. Rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, positive control group, and treatment groups with various doses of meloxicam. Hyperalgesia effect was evaluated using a warm plate test, and TNF-α level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The treatment groups that received meloxicam at a dose of 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) did not show significant differences in rat knee joint diameter (p = 0.99), but showed a significant difference in sensitivity to heat stimulation (p = 0.02) compared to the control group. Osteoarthritis rats experienced a significant reduction in TNF-α level after being given meloxicam at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW compared with the control group. This shows that the 10 mg/kg BW of meloxicam is a potential dose in reducing the TNF-α level in OA rat models.

Conclusions

Based on these data, it can be concluded that the inhibition of pain and the development of OA by meloxicam in animal models may be assigned to a decreased level of TNF-α.
Rent Control Sharing
Authors: Stern Stephanie M.
Published: December 2019

Rent-control laws limiting the rents private landlords can charge tenants are controversial in the United States. Critics have condemned rent control’s mandated wealth transfer from landlords to tenants, and economists have decried its negative effects on rental supply and quality. With the advent of the sharing economy, rent-controlled tenants can rent out their below-market units for short durations at market-level or premium prices, a practice I term “rent control sharing.” The reaction to rent-controlled tenants pocketing money from Airbnb and other homesharing sites at the expense of their hapless landlords has been negative. Yet, the sharing economy has not changed an essential feature of rent control: the redistribution of wealth from landlord to tenant. Instead, Airbnb and similar platforms have altered the form of the redistribution and the legal relations between landlord and tenant, and increased the salience of the wealth transfer from landlord to tenant. As a result, rent control sharing collides with public preferences for in-kind redistribution and stronger legal protections for property used personally or intimately. This Article explores how rent control sharing accentuates some of the flaws of rent control and fuels the debate over rent control’s future.
Crystal structure of bis-[N-(3-ethyl-1-pyrazin-2-yl-ethylidene)-3-bromo-benzoic acid-hydrazonato-κ3
O,N,N′)]-cadmium(II), C30H28N8O2Br2Cd
Authors: Lv Liangjun , Lin Long , Wu Wei-Na
Published: December 2019

C30H28N8O2Br2Cd, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.359(7) Å, b = 12.394(10) Å, c = 15.189(12) Å, α = 95.757(14)°, β = 90.593(16)°, γ = 106.961(15)°, V = 1496(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0467, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0998, T = 296(2) K.
Assessment of the contribution of microbial activities to tomato growth and yield under an organic production system
Authors: Babalola Oluwatoyin A.
Published: December 2019

Optimizing microbiological activities in an organic crop production system is crucial to the realization of optimum growth and yield of the crops. Field and pot experiments were conducted to assess soil microbial activities, growth and yield of tomato varieties in response to 4 rates of composted plant and animal residues. The trials were carried out in the Federal University of agriculture, Abeokuta Nigeria, between April 2014 and November 2015. The compost rates were 0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha−1, while the varieties used were Ibadan-improved and Ibadan-local. Fungi population, microbial biomass nitrogen and enzyme activities were significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) at the rhizosphere of the local variety than that of the improved variety. This led to a significantly higher number of branches, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and less days to maturity in the local variety. Also, growth parameters and tissue N significantly increased in all compost treatments while dry matter yield and weight of fruits were significantly higher in soil amended with 20 t ha−1. Microbial activities correlated more significantly with growth and yield parameters at 6 weeks after transplanting. It was concluded that microbial activities could be optimized to improve the yield of tomato varieties in an organic production system, through the application of compost, particularly at 20 t ha−1.
Analysis of Lavapiés through its Linguistic Landscape and the Press
Authors: de Lobado García Ester Saiz , Guijarro Almudena Revilla
Published: December 2019

The XXth century gateway cities in Europe, such as Madrid, have followed and in-depth population readjustment, due to the arrival of immigrants from all over the world. This readjustment has left traces in the public spaces of the city; and the media have noted this phenomenon as well.

This paper aims at analysing the superdiversity present in Lavapiés, through two different and complementary methodologies: the analyses of the Linguistic Landscape and of press corpora. The analysis of the landscape of the territory will be conducted through a corpus of images or Linguistic Cartography that includes samples of multilingualism present in the area. The press corpora contain news stories, interviews and articles on immigration. These analyses will provide a better picture of the area, in terms of diversity. This paper is part of the Post-conference Special Issue on Language and Migration.
The Artists Village: Openly Intervening in the Public Spaces of the City of Singapore
Authors: Tan Adrian
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on how the social, dialogical and collaborative strategies and practices of The Artists Village openly intervened in the public spaces of Singapore at various times in the city-state’s history from 1989 to 2015. The objective of this paper is to draw out how the artists collective used social situations to openly produce relational, participatory and socially engaged art in public spaces with specific functions, history and importance. These various forms of artistic interventions took place on a farm, in shopping malls, on public transport networks and at national monuments during different moments in Singapore’s rapid urban transformation. From these examples, one is able to understand why The Artists Village openly intervened in the public spaces of Singapore and how these interventions functioned in their limited scope. Through this study we are able to assess how the varying levels of collaboration, openness and criticality present in their public art projects enabled them to grow outside the centralised system of the nation-state in inserting their practice into the public sphere and engaging the masses.
A Causal-Pluralist Metatheory of Observation
Authors: Pessoa Osvaldo
Published: December 2019

An extended definition of “observation” is developed in order to account for the usage in the physical sciences and in neuropsychology. An observation is initially defined as a perception that has a focus of attention and is guided by theoretical considerations. Since the focus may change, one adopts a pluralist position according to which the object of perception may involve any stage of the causal chain that leads to perception, such as the source of light or sound, the obstructions, the medium or even the receptor. The “neutral” observations of the empiricists are seen as involving only low-level or medium-level theorization. Examples are examined, such as a lunar eclipse, the rainbow, and observations mediated by instruments, whose “artifacts” are considered observations of the instrument itself. One also defines null-effect observations. Observations of photographs and drawings may be considered either the observation of a printed sheet of paper or the observation of the pictured object or people. This causal-pluralist metatheory of observation also accepts that one may “observe light”, observe the retina, and observe parts of the brain which are outside the region of the “sensorium”. Illusions and hallucinations are analyzed within this “observational materialism”, which considers that qualia are self-observations of the brain. Criticisms that the approach is too wide in scope are analyzed in the conclusion.
Measuring human perceptions of expressivity in natural and artificial systems through the live performance piece Time to compile
Authors: Cuan Catie , Berl Erin , LaViers Amy
Published: December 2019

Live performance is a vehicle where theatrical devices are used to exemplify, probe, or question how humans think about objects, each other, and themselves. This paper presents work using this vehicle to explore human perceptions of robot and human capabilities. The paper documents four performances at three distinct venues where user studies were conducted in parallel to live performance. A set of best practices for successful collection of data in this manner over the course of these trials is developed. Then, results of the studies are presented, giving insight into human opinions of a variety of natural and artificial systems. In particular, participants are asked to rate the expressivity of 12 distinct systems, displayed on stage, as well as themselves. The results show trends ranking objects lowest, then robots, then humans, then self, highest. Moreover, objects involved in the show were generally rated higher after the performance. Qualitative responses give further insight into how viewers experienced watching human performers alongside elements of technology. This work lays a framework for measuring human perceptions of robotic systems – and factors that influence this perception – inside live performance and suggests black-that through the lens of expressivity systems of similar type are rated similarly by audience members.
Computational Methods for Production-Based Asset Pricing Models with Recursive Utility
Authors: Aldrich Eric Mark , Kung Howard
Published: December 2019

We compare local and global polynomial solution methods for DSGE models with Epstein- Zin-Weil utility. We show that model implications for macroeconomic quantities are relatively invariant to choice of solution method but that a global method can yield substantial improvements for asset prices and welfare costs. The divergence in solution quality is highly dependent on parameters which affect value function sensitivity to TFP volatility, as well as the magnitude of TFP volatility itself. This problem is pronounced for calibrations at the extreme of those accepted in the asset pricing literature and disappears for more traditional macroeconomic parameterizations.
Warten im Arrest
Authors: Eckold Anja
Published: December 2019

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen, Situationen und gesellschaftlichen Kontexten des Wartens. Angesichts der Vielfältigkeit des Phänomens scheint der Versuch der Formulierung einer allgemeinen Theorie des Wartens kaum sinnvoll zu sein. Stattdessen fokussiert der Beitrag auf das explizite Warten als Sonderform im Sinne einer lebenspraktischen Grenzsituation. Diese Perspektive eröffnet dann ein Verständnis für die besondere Belastung, die mit dem Jugendarrest einhergeht, denn der Arrest ist in hohem Maße durch die Erzeugung expliziter Wartesituationen charakterisiert. Diese können als implizite Bestrafungsrituale angesehen werden. Der letzte Teil widmet sich der Frage der subjektiven Bewältigung des Arrests. An einem Fallbeispiel wird gezeigt, dass das durch den Arrest erzwungene explizite Warten als „unerträgliche Situation“ empfunden werden kann.
Frobenius normal forms of doubly stochastic matrices
Authors: Paparella Pietro
Published: December 2019

An elementary proof of a fundamental result on doubly stochastic matrices in Frobenius normal form is given. This result is used to establish several well-known results concerning permutations, including a theorem due to Ruffini.
Updating a map of sufficient conditions for the real nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem
Authors: Marijuán C. , Pisonero M. , Soto Ricardo L.
Published: December 2019

The real nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (RNIEP) asks for necessary and sufficient conditions in order that a list of real numbers be the spectrum of a nonnegative real matrix. A number of sufficient conditions for the existence of such a matrix are known. The authors gave in [11] a map of sufficient conditions establishing inclusion relations or independency relations between them. Since then new sufficient conditions for the RNIEP have appeared. In this paper we complete and update the map given in [11].
Achievable multiplicity partitions in the inverse eigenvalue problem of a graph
Authors: Adm Mohammad , Fallat Shaun , Meagher Karen , Nasserasr Shahla , Plosker Sarah , Yang Boting
Published: December 2019

Associated to a graph G is a set 𝒮(G) of all real-valued symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal entries are nonzero precisely when the corresponding vertices of the graph are adjacent, and the diagonal entries are free to be chosen. If G has n vertices, then the multiplicities of the eigenvalues of any matrix in 𝒮 (G) partition n; this is called a multiplicity partition.

We study graphs for which a multiplicity partition with only two integers is possible. The graphs G for which there is a matrix in 𝒮 (G) with partitions [n − 2, 2] have been characterized. We find families of graphs G for which there is a matrix in 𝒮 (G) with multiplicity partition [n − k, k] for k ≥ 2. We focus on generalizations of the complete multipartite graphs. We provide some methods to construct families of graphs with given multiplicity partitions starting from smaller such graphs. We also give constructions for graphs with matrix in 𝒮 (G) with multiplicity partition [n − k, k] to show the complexities of characterizing these graphs.
Diagonalizable matrices whose graph is a tree: the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues and the feasibility of eigenvalue assignments
Authors: Saiago Carlos M.
Published: December 2019

Considered are combinatorially symmetric matrices, whose graph is a given tree, in view of the fact recent analysis shows that the geometric multiplicity theory for the eigenvalues of such matrices closely parallels that for real symmetric (and complex Hermitian) matrices. In contrast to the real symmetric case, it is shown that (a) the smallest example (13 vertices) of a tree and multiplicity list (3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1) meeting standard necessary conditions that has no real symmetric realizations does have a diagonalizable realization and for arbitrary prescribed (real and multiple) eigenvalues, and (b) that all trees with diameter < 8 are geometrically di-minimal (i.e., have diagonalizable realizations with as few of distinct eigenvalues as the diameter). This re-raises natural questions about multiplicity lists that proved subtly false in the real symmetric case. What is their status in the geometric multiplicity list case?
Influence of a Stepped Heat Curing on the Performance of High-Strength Portland Pozzolana Cement–Based Mortars
Authors: Mishra Sarad , Harish Kizhakkumodom Venkatanarayanan
Published: December 2019

In this study, the effects of a stepped heat curing regime originally developed for the Indian conditions on the performance properties of high strength cementitious mortars (HSCMs) containing portland pozzolana cement (PPC) were evaluated. Six mixtures were cast without and with heat curing, including two control mixtures (CM-NC and CM-HC), two silica fume mixtures (SF-NC and SF-HC), and two rice husk ash mixtures (RHA-NC and RHA-HC). Results indicated that stepped heat curing improved the 7-day strength of all mixtures substantially, but mixtures were unable to maintain very high strength levels up to 28 days. The 28-day strengths of heat-cured specimens were comparable with that of the respective normal water-cured specimens. The trends obtained for flexural, impact, and dynamic split tensile strengths supported the compressive strength trends. The durability properties of mixtures were affected to some extent by the use of high temperature for longer duration despite certain improvements in their matrices. Thus, longer durations of high temperature of 200°C up to 48 h should be avoided for HSCMs containing PPC. Under normal water and heat curing, the addition of SF and RHA lowered the early-age compressive strength of HSCMs, whereas at 28 days, their strength and durability improved. In addition, the performances of SF and RHA mixtures were comparable to each other.
Analysis of Helmet Damage and Associated Head Injuries Arising from Real-World Equestrian Fall Accidents
Authors: Clark J. Michio , Connor Thomas A. , Williams Claire , Clissold Jonathan , McGoldrick Adrian , Hill Jerry , Annaidh Aisling Ni , Gilchrist Michael D.
Published: December 2019

There is significant difference between the loading conditions used to certify equestrian helmets and the environment in which they are commonly used. This may affect their ability to provide adequate protection against head injury during a riding accident. The efficacy of helmet performance under real-world riding conditions can be judged by examining physical damage to the helmet during an impact, along with details of any head injury that may have been sustained by the rider. The present study considered the influence of different impact events on helmet damage sustained during real-world equestrian racing and eventing accidents. Video analysis of the accidents and assessment of the corresponding helmets allowed helmet damage to be matched to impacts. From a total of 1,119 accident videos and 218 inspected helmets, there was a total of 18 cases for which both the helmet and unobstructed video views of the accident sequence were available, along with details of any injuries sustained by the rider. All 18 cases involved the riders falling from their horses and impacting their heads against the turf. For 7 of the 18 cases, head impacts occurred in which a rider’s head was also either kicked, crushed, or stomped on by a horse: those subsequent impacts led to significant helmet damage, suggesting that the helmets provided protection for the riders during those secondary and tertiary impacts. Surprisingly, 11 of the 18 cases involved only a fall for which none of the helmets had any evident damage, despite 6 of those cases involving diagnosed concussions and 1 hematoma. This indicates that traumatic brain injury can occur in equestrian sports even while the rider wears a helmet, which suggests that there is scope to further improve the ability of equestrian helmets to protect against concussion when riders fall and impact their head against turf.
Identification of the Genetic Requirements for Zinc Tolerance and Toxicity inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhao Yun-ying , Cao Chun-lei , Liu Ying-li , Wang Jing , Li Jie , Li Shi-yun , Deng Yu
Published: December 2019

Zinc is essential for almost all living organisms, since it serves as a crucial cofactor for transcription factors and enzymes. However, it is toxic to cell growth when present in excess. The present work aims to investigate the toxicity mechanisms induced by zinc stress in yeast cells. To this end, 108 yeast single-gene deletion mutants were identified sensitive to 6 mM ZnCl2 through a genome-wide screen. These genes were predominantly related to the biological processes of vacuolar acidification and transport, polyphosphate metabolic process, cytosolic transport, the process utilizing autophagic mechanism. A result from the measurement of intracellular zinc content showed that 64 mutants accumulated higher intracellular zinc under zinc stress than the wild-type cells. We further measured the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels of 108 zinc-sensitive mutants treated with 3 mM ZnCl2. We showed that the intracellular ROS levels in 51 mutants were increased by high zinc stress, suggesting their possible involvement in regulating ROS homeostasis in response to high zinc. The results also revealed that excess zinc could generate oxidative damage and then activate the expression of several antioxidant defenses genes. Taken together, the data obtained indicated that excess zinc toxicity might be mainly due to the high intracellular zinc levels and ROS levels induced by zinc stress in yeast cells. Our current findings would provide a basis to understand the molecular mechanisms of zinc toxicity in yeast cells.
Mampukah Kecerdasan Spiritual Memoderasi Hubungan Faktor Demografi dalam Mengelola Keuangan Pribadi Mahasiswa?
Authors: Humairo Nurul , Yuliana Indah
Published: December 2019

This study examines the effect of demographic factors on personal financial management with spiritual intelligence as a moderating variable. The sampling technique is proportionate random sampling, the number of research samples 388 students of State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The test results indicate an influence on personal financial management. The positive influence of demographic factors with age characteristics on personal financial management. As for the characteristics of the sex found no influence on personal financial management. Spiritual intelligence as a moderating variable is able to strengthen the relationship between demographic factors and personal financial management of State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang students. Education providers to design finance education patterns can use the implications of this study for students.
Factors Influence Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Authors: Mardiana Wike , Irawati Anik
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze factors influence Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in palm oil plantation companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study analyzes influences of total assets, profitability, leverage, independent proportion of commissioners, the proportion of independent audit committee. This study is conduct on financial reports published in Indonesia and Malaysia. Methods of data collection are taken from the annual financial statements in Indonesia Stock Exchange of 17 companies and Bursa Malaysia of 22 companies. Data analysis techniques used multiple regressions. The results showed that; 1) there is no influence of total asset, profitability, leverage, and proportion of independent audit committee in palm oil plantation companies in Indonesia and Malaysia; 2) there is influence of independent board of commissioner on CSR disclosure practices in palm oil plantation companies Indonesia and Malaysia
The effects of smoking addiction and physical activity on some respiratory functions in female university students
Authors: Bilici M.F. , Genç A.
Published: December 2019

Aim:The aim of this study is to examine the effects of smoking addiction and physical activity on some of the respiratory functions in female university students. Methods:103 female students who did not have any health problems, who had an average age of 20,00 (years), average height of 163,6 (cm) and average weight of 55,88 (kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Female students who participated in the study were grouped according to their states of having smoking addiction (athlete, sedentary) and doing exercise (athlete, sedentary) and later some of the respiratory functions were measured. SPSS program was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained. Shapiro-wilk test was used to find out the normality distribution of the data. Kruskal Wallis test was used in the analysis of the data which were not normally distributed and Mann-Whitney U test was used in sub-groups. Results: FVC(Forced Vital Capasity), FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second), FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second )/FVC(Forced Vital Capasity), PEF(Peak Expiratory Flow), FEF25-75% (Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% ), VC(Vital Capacity) and MVV(Maximal Voluntary Ventilation) values of the female students who were engaged in sports were found to be significantly higher when compared with the groups which were not engaged in sports (p<0,05). Conclusion:In addition, in terms of the variable of smoking addiction, statistically significant difference was found between the FEV1, FEV1/FVC(%), PEF (L/s), FEF25-75% (L/s) and MVV values of the female student groups in favour of sedentary and athlete students who were not smokers.
The citizenship and its relationship with the social responsibility among physical education teachers
Authors: Kenioua M.
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The study aimed to know the level of citizenship and the level of social responsibility among the teachers of physical education and examine the relationship between the citizenship and the social responsibility. Material: The participants were 49 physical educations teachers’ (male) from middle schools. The citizenship and the social responsibility scales were used as search tools. Results: the level of citizenship and social responsibility is high among teachers of physical education, and there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility. Conclusion: To enrich the results of this study it is better to do other studies in the future, such as a comparative study on citizenship among teachers of physical education in the middle and secondary stage, a study on citizenship and its relationship to cultural and social background.
Effect of organizational climate upon the job performance of instructors’ physical education
Authors: Luqman M.S. , Rehman J.U. , Islam Z.U. , Khan S.D.
Published: December 2019

Propose: The current study was conducted to examine the effect of organizational climate on the Job Performance of Instructors’ Physical Education. Material: A quantitative method was employed for this purpose; a survey research design was used. There was 169 Instructors’ Physical Education preferred through stratified sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics (linear and multiple regression). Results: The results of the study indicated that organizational climate affect job satisfaction significantly. All the dimensions of organizational climate contribute to increasing the Instructors’ Physical Education performance. Conclusion: The current study concluded that Instructors’ Physical Education not only feel comfortable in a healthy organizational climate but also increase their level of performance. The study also depicted that effective communication structure, reward system, teamwork, career development, and effective planning and decision making strategies are the valuable ingredients to enhance the performance of Instructors’ Physical Education. Recommendation: Keeping in view the results of the current study, it is recommended that head of the institution may focus or promote supportive culture in their respective educational institutions to enhance the performance of instructors’ physical education.