bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Fibroblast Proliferation, Vascularization and Collagen Synthesis in the Healing Process of Third-Degree Burn Wounds by Topical Arnebia euchroma, a Herbal Medicine
Authors: Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Imanieh Mohammad Hossein , Khoshneviszadeh Mahsima , Meshksar Aidin , Noorafshan Ali , Geramizadeh Bita , Ebrahimi Sedigheh , Handjani Farhad , Nadimi Elham , Seyed Jafari Seyed Morteza
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing effect of Arnebia euchroma (AE) extract, which is traditionally used in some Indian, Chinese, and Iranian tribes, on histomorphometrical parameters involved in the healing process of third-degree burn wounds by using stereological analyses. Methods and Materials: In an experimental study, 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats, each with a standard third-degree burn wound on the posterior surface of the neck, were divided into four groups; AE10 and AE20 groups were treated with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gels which contained AE hydroalcoholic extract at the concentration of 10% and 20%, respectively; the untreated burned (UB) group, which received no treatment; and the gel-base treated group. Wound closure rate, fibroblast proliferation, volume density of collagen bundles, length density, and mean diameter of the vessels were measured. Results: Wound closure rate, fibroblast population, volume density of collagen bundles, and length density of vessels were significantly improved by AE10 and AE20 in comparison with the gel-base and UB groups (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Although previous investigations on the different aspects of the wound healing effects of AE and the results of this study exhibited the positive effects of topical Arnebia euchroma on third-degree burn wound, introducing AE as an alternative wound healing agent requires more investigations on its efficacy on human, safety, and possible adverse effects.[GMJ. 2012;1(2):53-59]
Colonic Transit Time Evaluation in Patients with Functional Constipation
Authors: Taheri Masoud , Rafiei Rahmatollah , Torabi Zahra , Toghiani Ali , Taherzadeh Sina
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms which could affect patientsâ€™ quality of life. The colonic transit time test could be used for determining functional constipation subtypes. The aim of our study was to determine the abnormalities of the subtypes of functional constipation using CTT. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 85 patients in 2011 in Shariaaty Hospital, Isfahan. All the patients received 60 radio-opaque markers, and they underwent radiological evaluation 5 days afterwards. Functional constipation was determined according to the distribution of the markers in the colon. Result: The samples consisted of 24 males and 61 females at a mean age of 42.7 Â± 16.28 years. The colonic transit time results showed that 71 patients had normal transit time, 6 had a composite type, 5 had slow transit, and 3 had pelvic delay. There was no significant difference between sex and colon transit time types (P value =0.32). The mean colon transit time in our study was 51.8 Â± 16.3 hours. Conclusion: Functional constipation patients should undergo CTT, especially those who use maneuvers for defecation and those who need more time for defecation.[GMJ. 2012;1(2):48-52]
Evaluation of Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Cervical Spine Surgery: Arthroplasty versus Fusion
Authors: Jangholi Ehsan , Hamidi Saeed , Fahimi Neda , Fahimi Mohammad Ali , Farshad Ali , Nazari Foroushani Farshid , Najibpour Reza , Yavari Hassan
Published: January 2022

Background: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is an effective treatment for disc herniations; but some studies demonstrated that in the untreated levels adjacent to a fusion, increased motion might lead to an increased risk of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). On the other hand, methods of cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA) have improved. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the rate of ASD in patients who underwent ACDF or CDA cervical spine surgery.

Methods and Materials: This prospective study was performed on 84 patients with cervical radiculopathy due to single-level disc herniation referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran from June 2011 to December 2012. All subjects were randomly allocated to Group A or Group B to undergo ACDF or CDA, respectively. The validated Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire was used to assess the cervical neck pain.

Results: The mean of age in Group A was 51.7 Â± 9.1 years and in Group B was 49.3 Â±9.2. The differences in cervical radiculopathy in the two groups were not statistically significant. The difference in mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score in the two groups at each assessment time was statistically significant. Mean NDI score before the surgery was 46.9 Â± 6.1 in group A, and 41.3 Â±4.7 in group B. The mean NDI score improved significantly in group B. Twenty-seven of the patients in Group A experienced ASD at 12 months compared to one patient (2.3%) in Group B (p<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, CDA leads to reduced VAS and NDI score compared to ACDF. Also increased ASD in ACDF was demonstrated when compared with CDA after 1-year follow-up.
Remanufacturing and Evaluation of Al Zahrawiâ€™s Surgical instruments, Al Mokhdea as Scalpel Handle
Authors: Ahmadi Seyedeh Aida , Zargaran Arman , Mehdizadeh Alireza , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: January 2022

Background: Current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. Albucasis, the Muslim Spanish physician in 10 century AD was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. He introduced a type of surgical knife named Mokhdea in his treaties, Al Tasreef that had mobile lancet.
Material and Method: In this paper, we represent this historical instrument according to Albucasis points of view. Also, this knife was reproduced and finally a modified version of it was suggested for current using according to ancient knowledge.
Results: Albucasis presented a retractable surgical knife with figure in the 30th volume of his book, Al Tasreef.Â  According to his description, this instrument was made including blade, clamp and handle. Also, a standardized new scale up surgical knife was suggested. This instrument includes a blade united with a lever that moves throughout a rail in the handle.
Conclusion: The idea of making retractable surgical knife dates back to about 1000 years ago; presented by Muslim physician, Albucasis. Also, new presented surgical knife is better compared with current knives because of its comfortable using, safety and scale up.
Exercise and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Bahramnezhad Fatemeh , Asadi Noughabi Ahmad Ali , Farokhnezhad Afshar Pouya , Marandi Simin
Published: January 2022

Background: Guidelines recommend that exercise training can beconsidered for medically stable outpatients with heart failure; thus, this study sought to determine the effect of exercise on quality of life in patients with heart failure.

Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 160 patients were included and divided into 2 groups (n=80). Intervention group performed the exercise (poly striding), 30 minutes three times a week, for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the exercises have not been followed for six months; SF36 Questionnaire was filled to assess the quality of life for the individuals in both groups in three steps: before the intervention, and 3 and 6 months after. After completion of questionnaires, quality of life was compared between the two groups and all the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 61.65Â±17.5 and 64.116Â±17.4 years, respectively. Control group had significant decrease in quality of life at different stages of the study. Quality of life was significantly better in the intervention group comparing to the control group three months after the intervention despite the lack of significant difference before the intervention and after 6 months.

Conclusion: Results showed a positive effect of exercise on quality of life in patients but the failures and lack of continuity did not improve the overall quality of life of patients as compared with their condition before the exercise. Overall, regular exercise is recommended for these patients.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Zizyphus vulgaris on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Liver Damage in Rats as Animal Models
Authors: Ebrahimi Sedigheh , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Emami Yasaman , Riazifar Safura
Published: January 2022

Background: Finding protective agents with fewer adverse effects against toxin-induced liver injuries, as a key detoxifier and excreter organ, have always been a concern for researchers. Carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage has been introduced as an experimental model of liver damage. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Zizyphus vulgaris (ZV) against hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in laboratory rats.

Methods: Fifty healthy male Wistar rats (200Â±20 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) as following for a 45days study: Base, which received 1 cc/Kg olive oil intraperitoneally (IP) twice a week and 0.5cc distilled water orally; Control, which received 0.5 cc/kg olive oil+0.5 cc/Kg CCl4 IP+0.5cc distilled water orally; experimental groups, which received 0.5 cc/kg olive oil+0.5 cc/Kg CCl4 IP+0.5cc distilled water plus ZV extract in dosages of 200 mg/Kg (group E200),400 mg/Kg (group E400) and 600 mg/Kg (group E600)Â  PO. Levels of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline-phosphatase (Alk-P), Albumin, total-protein, and bilirubin were measured as well as pathological assessment of the liver samples for scoring of portal inflammation and hepatocellular necrosis.

Result: Results of this study revealed that although there was a significant decrease in liver enzymes of the ZV treated groups (P<0.05) there were insignificant differences in protein and albumin concentrations between the 5 experimental groups. In addition, ZV treatment reduced hepatic necrosis and portal inflammation compared with the control group.

Conclusion: ZV showed hepatoprotective impact against CCl4-induced liver injury according to both serological and pathological investigations.
A Comparison between a Two Person Insertion Technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway and the Classic One Person Technique
Authors: Daneshforooz Mohammad Ali , Kazemi Asef Parviz , Omidvari Shahriar
Published: January 2022

Background: Various studies are seeking to find new methods to improve techniques of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and reduce possible complications. In this study, we embarked on a clinical study to investigate the advantages of a new insertion method of laryngeal mask and to compare it with the classic method.

Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients aged 20-60 years old in 2012 were randomly divided into two groups allocated to receive either the new technique of insertion of LMA (two-person method) or the classic method (one-person method). In the two person method, jaw thrust and mouth opening is done by a technician and then anesthesiologist inserts the LMA. Oxygen saturation, time to insert laryngeal mask, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure, and the ease of insertion in both groups were measured. The collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA test. P-value< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: The measured end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and saturation of O2 were 31.68 mmHg and 98.87 % in the classic method and 30.47 mmHg and 99.42 % in the two-person method, respectively. These differences were statistically significant for both values. However, the discrepancy of insertion time and ease of insertion between the two groups were not statistically considerable.

Conclusion: The new technique introduced in this study is associated with higher rate of success, as evidenced by enhancement of saturation of O2 and reduction of ETCO2. Therefore, this method could be considered as a safe and effective method in order to establish a secure airway in anesthetized patients in future studies.
Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis with Temporalis Superficial Fascia Flap, a case series
Authors: Sohrabi Maryam , Sezavar Mehdi , Malekpour Zahra , Salehi Mojtaba
Published: January 2022

Background: Different interpositional materials have been used to prevent recurrence after gap arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis. In this study, the temporalis superficial fascia flap was evaluated as an interpositional material after condylectomy.

Â Materials and Methods: 9 Cases of unilateral or bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis were evaluated in this study with a follow-up of 12 months. The Al-khayat approach was used as the surgical technique with the inferiorly based temporalis superficial fascia flap.

Â Results: 9 Patients (6 female and 3 male) had a preoperative maximal inter-incisal opening of 3 to 10 mm. During the last follow-up observation after surgery, patients had a maximum inter-incisal opening of 40 to 45 mm. Paresthesia or anesthesia of the temporal branch of facial nerve was absent in all cases. There were no signs of re-ankylosing in any of the patients.

Â Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the temporalis superficial fascia flap is a good alternative as an interpositional material in treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
Massive Pericardial Effusion in Down Syndrome with Supravalvar Pulmonary Stenosis Associated to Left Pulmonary Collapse
Authors: Rostampour Farshad , Tanasan Asadolah , Tanasan Poya
Published: January 2022

Background:Â Pericardial effusion (PE) in Down syndrome (DS) patientsÂ usually occursÂ secondary to hypothyroidism,Â butÂ we haveÂ noÂ report of massive pericardial effusion inÂ euthyroidÂ Down syndrome patient withÂ supravalvarÂ pulmonary stenosis.

Case Presentation:Â WeÂ reportedÂ anÂ 11-month-oldÂ male with Down syndromeÂ withÂ massiveÂ pericardialÂ effusion thatÂ had conservative management with levothyroxinÂ who presented with cyanosis,respiratory distressÂ andÂ dominantlyÂ leftÂ upper lobeÂ pulmonary collapse.Â There wasÂ noresponse to medical management by antibiotic therapy,Â O2 therapy with hoodÂ and chest physiotherapyÂ after five days.Â PericardiocentesisÂ guided echocardiographyÂ performedÂ on the sixth day after admission and 180 cc transudated pericardial fluidsÂ hasÂ extracted. ClinicalÂ and paraclinicalÂ findingsÂ wereÂ relievedÂ dramaticallyÂ 12-24 hour afterÂ pericardiocentesis.However,Â Angiography showedÂ supravalvar pulmonary stenosis (SPS).

Conclusion:Â WeÂ assume thatÂ theÂ chronic compressionÂ effect ofÂ massiveÂ pericardial effusionÂ may beÂ a majorÂ cause ofÂ SPS.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Composite Restoration to Intact Enamel of Primary Incisors using Different Conditioners, and Adhesive Systems
Authors: Rafiee Azade , Nozari Ali , Heidari Ali , Azimi Ebrahim
Published: January 2022

Background: Esthetic demands among patients have led to the introduction of tooth-colored restorations. Composite resins bond to enamel applying acid etch technique. Total etch adhesion systems are still considered as golden standard among bonding systems. However, clinicians have tendency towards using adhesive systems with a simplified application procedure. The aim of the present study is to compare the shear-bond strength of composite restoration to intact enamel of primary incisors using different conditioners, and adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 53 teeth were classified into 5 groups based on the bonding procedure. After composite build-up, specimens were placed in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. Inter-group comparison of the shear-bond strength to enamel was analyzed employing One-way-ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (Version 17, Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: The highest shear-bond strength was related to the second (37% phosphoric acid etching + Margin Bond adhesive system), and the fifth group (37% phosphoric acid etch + Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system), and the lowest bond strength was related to the third group (Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system alone) (p value = 0.00).

Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, surface pre-treatment with 37% PA accompanied with self-etching adhesive system, increased the shear-bond strength in vitro. This method can be further studied in clinical settings.
Trend of C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Psoriatic Patients Under Treatment of Standard Protocol of Infliximab
Authors: Zamanian Abbas , Darvari Seyyedeh Bahareh , Ehsani Amir Houshang , Mehran Golnaz , Azizpour Arghavan
Published: January 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory dermatologic disease. Inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are known as immediate and delayed inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. Due to the fact that anti-inflammatory drugs such as Infliximab are widely used in psoriasis treatment, the aim of this study was to evaluate ESR, CRP and PASI scores in patients treated with Infliximab in a 24 week trend. Materials and Methods: This study was accomplished as a before-after study. Twenty seven psoriatic patients were included and standard Infliximab therapy was applied. All patients underwent 3 times of blood collection and in each session CRP, ESR and PASI scores were measured at the beginning of study and at the 12th and 24th weeks of follow-up Results: A total of 19 (70.4%) men and 8 (29.6%) women were evaluated. Mean age was 37.85Â±13.68 years. All three parameters had significant decrease in treatment course (p<0.001); however, no significant correlation was found between PASI and inflammatory biomarkers. Trends of ESR and CRP were significantly correlated in all patients (r=0.504, P =0.007) and males (r=0.739, P =0.036). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that CRP and ESR decreased in Infliximab treatment, in accordance but non-regarded to PASI score decease. Regarding other studies results, using these biomarkers for treatment follow-up might need more caution. [GMJ. 2015;4(1):8-13]
Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings and Disease Course of Iranian Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Hepatitis A Infection
Authors: Zahmatkeshan, Mozhgan , Najib Khadijesadat , Abolhasanbeigi Arezoo
Published: January 2022

Background: According to some provincial reports, prevalence of hepatitis A has had a decreasing trend during the past decade in Iran. We aimed to overview clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of Iranian pediatric patients diagnosed with hepatitis A infection. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 162 consecutive pediatric cases of hepatitis A infection. Data were collected by reviewing hospital records on admission to hospital. Results: The meanÂ±SD age of participants was 9.90Â±4.08 years and 55.6% were boys. Regarding clinical manifestations, the most frequent symptom was jaundice. Fever was more prevalent in girls than in boys; whereas, abdominal tenderness was more prevalent in boys compared to girls. There was no difference in the prevalence of other clinical indices as well as in laboratory parameters between two sexes. Diarrhea was significantly more frequent in children younger than 2 years compared with other age subgroups. However, abdominal tenderness was more frequent in older patients compared to younger children. Regarding laboratory parameters, except for serum direct bilirubin that raised less in children younger than 2 years, the prevalence of other biochemical markers abnormality was comparable in different age groups. Conclusion: Hepatitis A infection is a common finding among Iranian children that equally occurs in boys and girls, while commonly appearing in children aged 7-18 years. The most frequent abnormal changes in laboratory parameters refer to change of liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, serum albumin and coagulated indices. [GMJ.2015;4(2):90-95]
Congenital Limb Anomaly as a New Presentation of Arthrogryposis-Renal Problems-Cholestasis (ARC) Syndrome in an Iranian Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Saki Forough , Basiratnia Mitra
Published: January 2022

Background: Arthrogryposis-Renal Problems-Cholestasis (ARC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease mostly presenting with arthrogryposis, renal problems and cholestasis. We present the first report of ARC syndrome in Iran manifested. Case Report: A 4-month-old male infant was admitted in our hospital with jaundice, poor feeding, tachypnea and lethargy. He has a history of congenital limb anomaly in his feet and jaundice on fifth day of birth. Laboratory and imaging studies revealed renal tubular acidosis, nephrocalcinosis and cholestasis. Despite antibiotic therapy, he died at the third day of hospitalization due to sepsis of pseudomonas aeroginosa and Escherichia coli co-infection and upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to coagulopathy of liver failure. Conclusion: ARC syndrome has various and rare clinical manifestations such as lower limb congenital anomaly, hypothyroidism, liver failure and nephrocalcinosis. [GMJ. 2015;4(3):117-21]
Electrocardiography Findings in Iranian Premier League Football Players
Authors: Haghi Mohamadsadegh , Angoorani Hooman
Published: January 2022

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in athletes during sport. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a useful tool to detect underlying cardiovascular conditions that may increase the risk for SCD. The aim of the present study is to evaluate common ECG changes among professional football players. Materials and Methods: All football players of Iranian Premier League in season 2013-2014 participated in this descriptive study (258 football players). The standard 12-lead ECGs were evaluated and ECG analysis was performed according to previously described criteria. Results: Electrocardiogram evaluation showed that the percent of ECG changes was as follows; Inverted T (7.7%), Depression ST (2.3%), Bradycardia (0.3%), St Elevation (2.7%), Left ventricular hypertrophy (1.5%), Left bundle branch block (0.3%), Incomplete right bundle branch (0.3%), Incomplete left anterior bundle (0.8%), branch Incomplete left posterior bundle branch (1.1%), Wolf Parkinson white (0.3%), Left axis deviation (1.5), Right axis deviation (2.3%), ECG finding in favor of HCM (3.1%) and finally ECG finding in favor of IHD(10%). Conclusion: Most electrocardiographic variables in Iranian professional football players were lower than the worldwide football players that may be related to the lower level of physical fitness among Iranian football players.[GMJ.2015;4(4):151-58]
Frequency Survey of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women Attending Boo-Ali Hospital, Tehran
Authors: Etminan-Bakhsh Mina , Darabi Roksana , Tadi Sima , Mohit Mitra
Published: January 2022

Background: During pregnancy, asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with different complications such as pyelonephritis and preterm birth. Pregnancy changes pave the way for the growth and multiplication of pathogenic factors. This study was aimed at exploring the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women who attended Booâ€“Ali Hospital, a teaching center of Islamic Azad University in Tehran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 123 pregnant women without urinary symptoms who attended Booâ€“Ali Hospital from March 2013 to September 2014. Demographic information of the patients including age, gestational age at the time of experiment and parity were recorded. An amount of middle part of urine (20cc) was collected in an appropriate sterile container. Urine samples were examined for WBC, RBC and bacteria. Other parts of the samples were cultivated for urine culture (U/C). Results: Two (1.6%) women had significant bacteriuria (â‰¥105/ml). Pyuria, bacteriuria and hematuria were seen in 49(39.8), 7 (5.6%) and 8 (6.5%) women, respectively. There was a significant association between positive U/C and pyuria (P=0.003). However, positive U/C showed no significance association between bacteriuria and hematuria (P>0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the low frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria (less than 2%) in the investigated population, the administration of U/C does not seem logical for all pregnant women. Hence, U/C is recommended for those with significant pyuria in their urinalyses. [GMJ.2015;4(4):159-63]
The Association between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Abdominal Pain in Children Aged 2-10 Years
Authors: Zohoori Dariush , Sadeghi Ardakani Omid
Published: January 2022

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is a common infection in children, especially in the developing countries. The infection is usually asymptomatic but it may cause gastrointestinal diseases. In children, the symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting and anemia. Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common cause of childrenâ€™s referral. But, whether H. Pylori causes RAP in children has to be scrutinized to prevent further complications by proper diagnosis and treatment. However, there is still controversy in the literature regarding this issue. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between H. Pylori and RAP in children. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the children with RAP aged 2-10 years who referred to a private pediatric clinic in Marvdasht, Iran, were compared to other children without RAP, during 2015. The sample size was calculated to be 70 for each case and the control group. The patients were visited by a gastro-enterologist who recorded the demographic data of all the patients and the findings of stool test for H. Pylori. To assess the association of RAP with H. Pylori, the odds ratio was calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. The P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 7.35Â±3.11 (with a range of 2-10). In the case group, 41/70 and 69/70 of the control group were girls. H. Pylori was found positive in 37 cases (52.9%) of the case group and 11 (15.7%) in the control group (P<0.001, OR=6.01, 95% CI=2.71-13.34). Logistic regression with adjustment for age indicated that there was a positive association between positive H. Pylori and abdominal pain (OR=16.69, 95% CI=4.71-59.18). This model also showed that by adjusting the H. Pylori test result, age was also positively associated with abdominal pain (OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.18-0.45). A T-test also indicated that the mean titer of H. Pylori was significantly higher in case group (1.42Â±1.29) than the control group (0.86Â±1.52) (P=0.020). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between H. Pylori and RAP. [GMJ. 2016;5(1):19-24]
Healing Effect of Sesame Ointment on Second-degree Burn Wound in Rats
Authors: Jangholi Ehsan , Tehrani Setareh , Lotfi Parisa , Tehrani Sepideh , Aryan Hoda , Aidun Amir
Published: January 2022

Background: Wound healing requires processes like cell migration, proliferation of extracellular matrix deposition, remodeling and angiogenesis. Also, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions play key roles in the progression of wound healing. Previous studies showed that sesame oil has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In addition, it is shown that sesame oil stimulates fibroblast production in vitro and in skin wounds. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of sesame ointment on the process of second-degree burn wound healing in rat models according to stereological parameters. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, forty male Wistar rats (200Â±20 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): ointment-base treated group (vehicle), silver sulfadiazine (SDD) treated group, sesame treated group (E1) and the control group which received no treatment. A 2Ã—3 cm2 standard second-degree burn wound was induced on the posterior surface of animalâ€™s neck under general anesthesia. After sacrifice, the animalâ€™s skin sample was fixed in buffered formaldehyde for stereological evaluations. The data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 14.0). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to our results, the mean of reduction in wound areas, volume density of collagen bundles and hair folicules, fibroblast populations, length density of vessels in E1 group was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The differences between E1 and SSD were not statistically noticeable regarding the stereological parameters. Conclusion: According to stereological analysis, administration of sesame ointment showed the ability to improve wound healing process and tissue regeneration in the treatment of skin damages.[GMJ.2016;5(2):56-62]
Stroke: Just a Chemistry
Authors: Torabi-Nami Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Stroke is a significant health issue with its neuropathological mechanisms requiring better understanding. Within the course of ischemic stroke, obstruction of a major brain artery results in an abrupt blood flow limitation below a critical threshold and focal ischemic brain insult arises. Chemical shift imaging using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and more advanced imaging methods have recently provided some novel insights into the chemistry of stroke. Given the fact that stroke disturbs the normal brain chemistry, assessing and perhaps targeting the metabolic pathways ought to be a practical and useful approach to better understand the neurobiochemical aspects of stroke. This perspective paper focuses on the evolving dimensions of neurochemical research in stroke.[GMJ.2016;5(2):49-55]
Herbal Medicines Used in Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Mini-Review
Authors: Nikkhajoei Maryam , Choopani Rasool , Tansaz Mojgan , Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Hashem-Dabaghian Fataneh , Sahranavard Shamim , Saberifiroozi Mehdi , Pasalar Mehdi
Published: January 2022

Botanicals are used traditionally for treatment and prevention of the liver diseases.Â  In the past decades, the use of herbal remedies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become more popular. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of herbal medicines used for the treatment of NAFLD in clinical trials. This research was carried out by searching through the studies done on human beings, which have been reported from 1966 to Feb. 2016 and recorded in Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Scopus. A number of medicinal herbs have been evaluated in human trials. A scientific evaluation of these manuscripts can give an insight into the ideas of the past: it might well be valuable in finding new data on clinical use of the herbal medicines for the treatment of NAFLD and should lead to future opportunities to investigate their potential medicinal use.
Debate on Animal Experiments in Traditional Medicine: Do We Have a Better Choice?
Authors: Farjam Mojtaba
Published: January 2022

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Post Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Roshanzamir Sharareh
Published: January 2022

The modern stroke rehabilitation programs focuses on specific bio-physiological targets. Modern rehabilitation programs mainly make use of its potential plasticity to compensate for injury. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), bilateral arm training, and task specific training of the paretic limb, are examples of rehabilitation techniques promoting brain neuro-plasticity. There are many tasks other than locomotor function to be addressed by rehabilitation team. Sensory deficits, speech deficits, dysphagia, memory loss, post stroke central pains and bowel and bladder derangements are among the most important of these challenges that makes a multidisciplinary approach to stroke patients necessary.
Effects of Flaxseed Oil Consumption on Anthropometric Parameters in the Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Akrami Atefeh , Babajafari Siavash , Faghih Shiva , Zibaeenejad Mohammad Javad , Nikaein Farzad
Published: January 2022

Background: Flaxseed oil, as the main source of Alpha linolenic acid (ALA), decreases the production of Arachidonic acid (AA) from linoleic acid (LA) that plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flaxseed oil and sunflower oil on anthropometric parameters in patients suffering from MS. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 participants aged 30-60 years who suffered from MS were selected according to ATP III definition and were divided into two even groups receiving flaxseed oil and sunflower oil. Each group received 25 ml of the specified oil on a daily basis for 7 weeks. The anthropometric measures were evaluated on the first and last days of the study. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding weight. However, waist circumference reduced significantly in the flaxseed oil group compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusions: The ALA might prevent the increase in adipose tissues. Therefore, it seems that flaxseed oil has beneficial effects on MS. [GMJ.2017;6(1):44-51]
History of Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment from Beginning to Now
Authors: Mehranfar Sahar , Zeinali Sirous , Hosseini Rana , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Mohammadian Mozhdeh , Pour Feizi Abbasali Hossein
Published: January 2022

In 1845, leukemia was known as a systemic illness; and it was more than 100 years later that the first report of a significant therapy for leukemia was published in 1948. Leukemia was known as a multifactorial disease rather than a single disease till 1900. In 1965, less than 1% of children with acute leukemia were predictable to have long-term survivors; today, approximately 80% of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are cured, these achievements are due to the cooperative effort of researchers and physicians in the field. Despite this success, leukemia is still the leading cause of death globally. This review aims to elucidate the history of leukemia from the beginning of the 19th century when scientists defined unusual disorders of the blood cells, till present. Additionally, we tried to discuss the history of the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia with particular emphasis on acute leukemia. [GMJ.2017;6(1):12-22]
The Development and Validation of Sexual Health Education Needs Assessment Questionnaire of Iranian Engaged couples
Authors: Bostani khalesi Zahra , Simbar Masoumeh , Azin Seyed Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: Knowledge about sexual health is one of the basic needs of young couples. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Sexual Health Education Needs Assessment Questionnaire (SHENAQ). Materials and Methods: This study was a sequential exploratoÂ­ry mixed method. In the qualitative phase, In-depth interviews were conducted with 38 enÂ­gaged and married men and women and 9 key informants. After a literature review, in the quantitative phase, validity properties of the SHENAQ were assessed. Results: Sexual health education needs consists of 4 themes â€œSuitable content for education â€œ,â€ Characteristics of competent educatorsâ€, â€œAppropriate technologies in educationâ€ andâ€ Educational convenient featuresâ€. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of the instrument were 0.91 and0.83 respectively. SHENAQ was designed with 46 items. The instrumentâ€™s inÂ­ternal consistency was confirmed by alpha coefficient 0.863 and stability assessment through the test-retest was 0.824. Conclusion: SHENAQ is culturally sensitive with satisfactory vaÂ­lidity and reliability and could be used to increase the effectiveness of premarital education. [GMJ.2017;6(4):302-11] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v6i4.854
Expression Analysis of miRNAs Targeting PIK3CA and AKT1 Genes of PI3K Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: Razaviyan Javad , Hadavi Razie , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira
Published: January 2022

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that are involved in many biÂ­ological and also pathological processes, including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common form of malignancies in women and requires new therapies and biomarkers. Different signaling pathways, such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway are involved in breast cancer and can be new candidates for targeted therapies based on miRNAs. The aim of this study was to predict miRNAs targeting Phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) genes of PI3K cascade bioinformatically and to analyze their expression in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Bioinformatic software and tools were used to predict miRNAs targeting PIK3CA and AKT1 genes. MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines were cultured as breast cancer and control cells respecÂ­tively. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. REST 2009Â® was utilized to analyze the expression of miRNAs and their target genes. Results: The results of our bioinformatic predictions indicated that miR-576-5p, miR-501-3p, and miR-3143 can be the first candidate miRNAs targeting PI3K signaling pathway. Data analyses demonÂ­strated that PIK3CA and AKT1 genes were up-regulated while all bioinformatically predicted miRNAs were down-regulated in MCF-7 cell line compared to the normal cells. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that PIK3CA and AKT1 can be targeted by miR-576-5p and miR-501-3p respectively. Furthermore, miR-3143 can target both mRNAs. Since these miRNAs target oncogenes, they can be proposed for new complementary targeted therapies in breast cancer patients. [GMJ.2017;6(4):338-45] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v6i4.925
Postoperative progression of ligamentum flavum ossification after posterior instrumented surgery for thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: long-term outcomes during a minimum 10-year follow-up
Authors: Ando Kei , Nakashima Hiroaki , Machino Masaaki , Ito Sadayuki , Segi Naoki , Tomita Hiroyuki , Koshimizu Hiroyuki , Imagama Shiro
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to investigate clinical and radiological outcomes after thoracic posterior fusion surgery during a minimum of 10 years of follow-up, including postoperative progression of ossification, in patients with thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL).

METHODS

The study participants were 34 consecutive patients (15 men, 19 women) with an average age at surgery of 53.6 years (range 36–80 years) who underwent posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation at the authors’ hospital. The minimum follow-up period was 10 years. Estimated blood loss, operative time, pre- and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and JOA score recovery rates were investigated. Dekyphotic changes were evaluated on plain radiographs of thoracic kyphotic angles and fusion levels pre- and postoperatively and 10 years after surgery. The distal junctional angle (DJA) was measured preoperatively and at 10 years after surgery to evaluate distal junctional kyphosis (DJK). Ossification progression at distal intervertebrae was investigated on CT.

RESULTS

The Cobb angles at T1–12 were 46.8°, 38.7°, and 42.6°, and those at the fusion level were 39.6°, 31.1°, and 34.1° pre- and postoperatively and at 10 years after surgery, respectively. The changes in the kyphotic angles from pre- to postoperatively and to 10 years after surgery were 8.0° and 7.2° at T1–12 and 8.4° and 7.9° at the fusion level, respectively. The DJA changed from 4.5° postoperatively to 10.9° at 10 years after surgery. There were 11 patients (32.3%) with DJK during follow-up, including 4 (11.8%) with vertebral compression fractures at lower instrumented vertebrae or adjacent vertebrae. Progression of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) on the caudal side occurred in 8 cases (23.6%), but none had ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) progression. Cases with OLF progression had a significantly lower rate of DJK (0% vs 38.5%, p < 0.01), a lower DJA (3.4° vs 13.2°, p < 0.01), and a smaller change in DJA at 10 years after surgery (0.8° vs 8.1°, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation for T-OPLL was found to be a relatively safe and stable surgical procedure based on the long-term outcomes. Progression of OLF on the caudal side occurred in 23.6% of cases, but cases with OLF progression did not have DJK. Progression of DJK shifts the load in the spinal canal forward and the load on the ligamentum flavum is decreased. This may explain the lack of ossification in cases with DJK.
Change in sagittal alignment after decompression alone in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis without significant deformity: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bouknaitir Jamal Bech , Carreon Leah Y. , Brorson Stig , Andersen Mikkel Østerheden
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors’ objective was to investigate whether sagittal balance improves in patients with spinal stenosis after decompression alone.

METHODS

This prospective longitudinal cohort study compared preoperative and 6-month postoperative 36-inch full-length radiographs in patients aged older than 60 years. Patients underwent decompression alone for central lumbar spinal stenosis with either a minimally invasive bilateral laminotomy for central decompression, unilateral laminectomy as an over-the-top procedure for bilateral decompression, or traditional wide laminectomy with removal of the spinous processes on both sides. The following radiographic parameters were measured: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), PI-LL mismatch, coronal Cobb angle, and sacral slope (SS). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected, including scores on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) for leg and back pain, and EQ-5D.

RESULTS

Forty-five patients (24 males) with a mean ± SD age of 71.8 ± 5.6 years were included. Sagittal balance showed statistically significant improvement, with the mean SVA decreasing from 52.3 mm preoperatively to 33.9 mm postoperatively (p = 0.0001). The authors found an increase in LL, from mean −41.5° preoperatively to −43.9° postoperatively, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.055). A statistically significant decrease in PI-LL mismatch from mean 8.4° preoperatively to 5.8° postoperatively was found (p = 0.002). All PROM scores showed significant improvement after spinal decompression surgery. The correlations between SVA and all PROMs were statistically significant at both preoperative and postoperative time points, although most correlations were weak except for those between preoperative SVA and ODI (r = 0.55) and between SVA and VAS for leg pain (r = 0.58).

CONCLUSIONS

Sagittal balance and PROMs show improvement at short-term follow-up evaluations in patients who have undergone decompression alone for lumbar spinal stenosis.
Treatment of restenosis after lumbar decompression surgery: decompression versus decompression and fusion
Authors: Miyahara Junya , Yoshida Yuichi , Nishizawa Mitsuhiro , Nakarai Hiroyuki , Kumanomido Yudai , Tozawa Keiichiro , Yamato Yukimasa , Iizuka Masaaki , Yu Jim , Sasaki Katsuyuki , Oshina Masahito , Kato So , Doi Toru , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Higashikawa Akiro , Takeshita Yujiro , Ono Takashi , Hara Nobuhiro , Azuma Seiichi , Kawamura Naohiro , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes between patients with lumbar recurrent stenosis without lumbar instability and radiculopathy who underwent decompression surgery and those who underwent decompression with fusion surgery.

METHODS

For this retrospective study, the authors identified 2606 consecutive patients who underwent posterior surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis at eight affiliated hospitals between April 2017 and June 2019. Among these patients, those with a history of prior decompression surgery and central canal restenosis with cauda equina syndrome were included in the study. Those patients with instability or radiculopathy were excluded. The patients were divided between the decompression group and decompression with fusion group. The demographic characteristics, numerical rating scale score for low-back pain, incidence rates of lower-extremity pain and lower-extremity numbness, Oswestry Disability Index score, 3-level EQ-5D score, and patient satisfaction rate were compared between the two groups using the Fisher’s exact probability test for nominal variables and the Student t-test for continuous variables, with p < 0.05 as the level of statistical significance.

RESULTS

Forty-six patients met the inclusion criteria (35 males and 11 females; 19 patients underwent decompression and 27 decompression and fusion; mean ± SD age 72.5 ± 8.8 years; mean ± SD follow-up 18.8 ± 6.0 months). Demographic data and perioperative complication rates were similar. The percentages of patients who achieved the minimal clinically important differences for patient-reported outcomes or satisfaction rate at 1 year were similar.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with central canal stenosis who underwent revision, the short-term outcomes of the patients who underwent decompression were comparable to those of the patients who underwent decompression and fusion. Decompression surgery may be effective for patients without instability or radiculopathy.
Interspinous process device versus conventional decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: 5-year results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schenck Catharina D. , Terpstra Sietse E. S. , Moojen Wouter A. , van Zwet Erik , Peul Wilco , Arts Mark P. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Interspinous process distraction devices (IPDs) can be implanted to treat patients with intermittent neurogenic claudication (INC) due to lumbar spinal stenosis. Short-term results provided evidence that the outcomes of IPD implantation were comparable to those of decompressive surgery, although the reoperation rate was higher in patients who received an IPD. This study focuses on the long-term results.

METHODS

Patients with INC and spinal stenosis at 1 or 2 levels randomly underwent either decompression or IPD implantation. Patients were blinded to the allocated treatment. The primary outcome was the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) score at 5-year follow-up. Repeated measurement analysis was applied to compare outcomes over time.

RESULTS

In total, 159 patients were included and randomly underwent treatment: 80 patients were randomly assigned to undergo IPD implantation, and 79 underwent spinal bony decompression. At 5 years, the success rates in terms of ZCQ score were similar (68% of patients who underwent IPD implantation had a successful recovery vs 56% of those who underwent bony decompression, p = 0.422). The reoperation rate at 2 years after surgery was substantial in the IPD group (29%), but no reoperations were performed thereafter. Long-term visual analog scale score for back pain was lower in the IPD group than the bony decompression group (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

IPD implantation is a more expensive alternative to decompressive surgery for INC but has comparable functional outcome during follow-up. The risk of reoperation due to absence of recovery is substantial in the first 2 years after IPD implantation, but if surgery is successful this positive effect remains throughout long-term follow-up. The IPD group had less back pain during long-term follow-up, but the clinical relevance of this finding is debatable.