bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reactive Power Generator Based on Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Song Tao
Published: December 2012

With the application of large scale nonlinear load in power systems, lots of harmonic are produced, causing the total power factor to decrease. Therefore, it needs to compensate the reactive power of power systems. The disadvantages of the widely applied static var compensator are that the size of the compensator is too large, and the control ability is poor when the capacity of power systems is small. So a reactive power generator based on voltage source inverter is proposed in this paper. The reactive power generator takes series connection of IGBTs as the main circuit structure, the inverter as core and DSP as controller. The close loop framework consists of human-computer interaction, measurements and feedback control. The inverter is controlled by a digital PI close loop controller to feed a phase adjustable current to power systems to compensate reactive power. The system’s structure is simple, the control is flexible, and the size is small. The test results show that the response of this reactive power generator is quick, and it can compensate the power factor to be 1 which means that it has good effect of static reactive compensation.
Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Thermal Barrier Coatings in Cyclic Thermal Fatigue Systems
Authors: Lee Kang Hyeon , Myoung Sang Won , Kim Min Sik , Lee Seoung Soo , Kim Eun Hee , Jung Yeon Gil , Paik Ung Yu
Published: December 2012

In this study, the relationship between microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been investigated through different thermal fatigue systems, electric thermal fatigue (ETF) and flame thermal fatigue (FTF), including the thermal stability through the interface between the bond and top coats. The TBC system with the thicknesses of 300 µm in both the top and bond coats was prepared with METCO 204 NS and AMDRY 962, respectively, with the air plasma spray (APS) system using 9MB gun. To observe the oxidation resistance and thermal stability of TBC, the thermal exposure tests were performed with both thermal fatigue tests at a surface temperature of 850 °C with a temperature difference of 200 °C between the surface and bottom of sample, for 12,000 EOH in designed apparatuses. The hardness values are slightly increased due to the densification of top coat with increasing the thermal exposure time in both thermal fatigue tests. The influence of thermal fatigue condition on the microstructural evolution and interfacial stability of TBC is discussed.
Calculation Model of Peak Power Load Shifting of Electric Thermal Storage Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Wang He , Li De Zhi , Xu Ren Wu , Ji Hong
Published: December 2012

The government and the power grid corporations pay close attention how to evaluate the peak power load shifting ability of electric thermal storage air-conditioning system scientifically and rationally. The evaluation method of existing standard was analyzed briefly, and a new operable evaluation model based on the field tests was put forward. Based on the above analysis, the peak power load shifting of four projects was analyzed. Example shows that the analysis model can provides the basis for calculating the power load shifting indicator of electric thermal storage air-conditioning project.
The Study of Hierarchical Control Method for Micro-Grid Control
Authors: Wu Yong Yi , Wang Shuang Hu
Published: December 2012

The micro-grid structure and operation mode are analyzed in this paper. By listing micro-grid typical operation mode, and explains the energy management system, micro-grid controller, electric primary equipment is how to coordinate between control. Analysis of the usual method for the energy management system optimization control strategy will be passed to the micro-grid controller. A kind of brand-new control command transmission mode is put forward for improving the micro-grid control strategy by the efficiency.
Optimization of Drive Unit through Load Measurement
Authors: Nečas Jan , Mlčák Tomáš , Zegzulka Jiří , Hrbáč Roman
Published: December 2012

The basis is a device that contains tension sensor. The output of tension sensor is associated with the input control unit. The tension sensor is connected between the two loads. The sensing signal is processed using a PC measuring card with special software. The resulting device will be part of trains. Data sensing by this device will be transmitted from the PC to the control unit.
Study Platform for AC Transmission System of High-Speed Train
Authors: Fang Xiao Chun , Yang Zhong Ping , Lin Fei , Qin Jin Fei
Published: December 2012

Demand for CRH (China Railways High-Speed) trains, both in quantity and types, is increasing because of the rapid development of high-speed railway in China. To support the improvement and development the AC transmission system of these trains, a study platform is proposed in this paper. Target of the platform is supporting the study which contains design, verification, display etc. in detail. Platform framework is described in this paper. And the results of study on transmission system temperature rise and energy-saving operation strategy of high-speed train based on the platform are displayed. Availability of the study platform is verified.
Fault Current Limitation (FCL) and Voltage Dip Improvement Thanks to Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC)
Authors: Badkubi Salman
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the comprehensive implementation of Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC) to limit the fault currents in power systems. This is the first time that the limitation of fault currents with D-FACTS devices is addressed. DSSC is one of the D-FACTS families whichoperate in a similar manner as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) but in smaller size, lower price and more capability. The effectiveness of the DSSC in fault current limitation is investigated through the series voltage effect upon the line. The short circuit current limitation strategy presented here exhibited that besides of the power flow control which is carried out by DSSC; it can also perform this additional function. In the following the potency of the DSSC in reduction of instantaneous voltage dip range during fault current limiting mode is clarified. Furthermore, it is disclosed that with performing more DSSC in the power system, the entire system voltage dip will be improved. In order to validate the claims, computer simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC are exploited.
A New Approach to Analyzing Gas Mixtures Based on Improved BP Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Li Teng , Yuan Xiao Mei , Yang Shi Liang , Zhang Xin Hui
Published: December 2012

A new approach is presented for analyzing gas mixtures by transforming the problem into a pattern classification one to reduce the effect of the poor repeatability of sensor response on the prediction of gas concentration. The aim of numerical simulation is to determine how successfully the approach using the combination of artificial neural networks with multi-sensor arrays can analyze multi-component gas mixtures. The results indicate that the new approach is realistic for gas mixture analysis, and numerical simulation is a powerful tool to determine the architecture of a network. By constructing improved BP neural network algorithm and basic BP neural network into sensor array signal processing and extracting 6 component as the input of neural network, Our investigation results indicated that recognition results obtained from improved BP neural network algorithm more accuracy than the results obtained from basic BP neural network.
Study of Magnetics Performance of Inset Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (Inset - PMSM) Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Ling Jeeng Min , Nur Tajuddin
Published: December 2012

Inset Permanent Magnet synchronous machine (Inset - PMSM) is a specific kind of permanent magnet synchronous machine. The magnetic flux in air gap of electrical machine is one of the important parameters and it imply to the electric or mechanical energy of machine. Using radial pole structure, the characteristics of magnetic field in air gap of an Inset PMSM with 6 poles and 36 slots are simulated. In this paper, we simulated and observed the influence of axial channel rotor core of Inset-PMSM to the value/quantity of magnetic flux in air gap. Magnetic flux quality is also considered in this simulation. The simulations were compared with the conventional rotor structure. The flux density per pole in the air gap was measured with three different angles, 00, 250 and 400.
Determination of Airborne Quantity and Consequence Analysis of 1,3-Butadiene Release from a Petrochemical Plant Pipeline
Authors: Jabbari Mousa , Sajjadi Sayed. M. Hossein. , Gholamnia Reza
Published: December 2012

1,3-Butadiene is a chemical that is extremely flammable and toxic. Therefore, in this study, airborne quantity of 1, 3-butadiene was determined by the chemical exposure index (CEI) and local meteorological data were used for consequence analyzing. Furthermore, heavy gas model was used for the modeling of 1,3-butadiene vapor cloud dispersion using the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software, and threat zone in different stability classes was determined.
Prediction Model Establishment of the Opening Angle of a Ball Valve
Authors: Feng Zhan Rong , Wang Li Xia , Li Zheng Quan
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the characteristics of a two-way ball valve orifice are researched. By means of modeling and analyzing of the trajectory of valve opening angle, a conclusion was drawn that there was trigonometric function relationship between the orifice area and opening angle of a ball valve. Based on this, the bench tests are conducted with the spraying system with 6 nozzles. It can be seen that there is a good agreement between prediction model established and experiment by the method of border points checking, the absolute error is in the range of 0~0.002mm2. With further research, there is a marked logarithmic relationship between the orifice area of a ball valve and flow of the sprayer, the correlation coefficient is 0.9952.
Experimental Determination of Energy Demand and Spatio-Temporal Course of Pyrolysis for Various Materials
Authors: Honus Stanislav , Němček Ondřej , Frantík Jaroslav , Sassmanová Veronika , Juchelková Dagmar
Published: December 2012

The article presents a detailed analysis of brown coal, rubber and polyethylene pyrolysis in a horizontal reactor of a thermic facility. It is a facility continuously processing entry materials flowing in the amount of up to 150 Kg.h -1 and with the total maximum heaters’ output of 200 kW. The attention has been paid to the thermal input of the pyrolysis process and to the description of physical-chemical processes in time and the reactor space. The objective has been to find out the best combination of entry material and process conditions from the point of view of pyrolysis energy intensity. The article specifics are based on the fact that the mentioned processes have been analysed in a large facility having the semi-production characteristics, not within a laboratory system used usually in this kind of research (DSC).
Research on Application Mechanism of Vanadium Extraction Tailings by Cleaner Production
Authors: Wang Jian , Chen Lian , Jiang Long Kui , Yi Liang Gang , Huang Sheng Quan , Zhang Yong Jun
Published: December 2012

In order to make sure the application direction of vanadium extraction tailings, basic characteristics, slagging mechanism of vanadium extraction tailings as well as thermal decomposition temperature and absorbed heat of CaSO4 in vanadium extraction tailings are analyzed, in addition, the effect of charging vanadium extraction tailings under supersaturation state on the sulfur content in steel is studied by using induction furnace under low sulfur condition. The results of research and application indicate that vanadium extraction tailings after desulfuration treatment can be used to steelmaking-slagging, and the application effect is obviously.
Environmental Pollution and Protection of Oil & Gas Production and Utilization in China
Authors: Yang Xiao Long , Sun Ming Ming
Published: December 2012

With the industrial development, the problems of oil & gas resource consumption, environmental pollution and demand increase have become rising. Environmental pollution which leads to global warming and climate change comes from the contamination of water, air and soil from man-made waste. The advancement in science and technology for environmental protection will play a key role to ensure the improvement of environmental quality, and will contribute to the development of a healthy society. The programs of environmental research have been implemented, including promoting cleaner production of oil & gas resources, accelerating the process of oil & gas recovery, establishing the guarantee mechanism of the oil & gas field environment recovery, developing clean energy vehicles, improving the production quality and discharge standard of motor gasoline and vigorously developing clean energy. In addition, producing approaches and mechanism of the pollution are presented in the paper.
Development and Sensitivity Analysis of Model for Aeration Chamber in Water-Circulating Aerator
Authors: Sun Xin , Duan Fei Fei , Huang Ting Lin , Zhang Meng Dan
Published: December 2012

Based on the force balance between the driving force and drag force acting on the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the aeration chamber, a one-dimensional mathematic model of water velocity for the aeration chamber was developed and solved with METLAB. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters showed that the prediction results were greatly dependant on the flow resistance coefficient at the top (KT) and the coefficient due to local disturbances at the entrance and exit (KE). Using optimized parameters, under air flow rates higher than 0.055m³/s, prediction errors of gas holdup and water velocity can both be further decreased within ± 9%. Developed model of water velocity can be used to design and optimize the aeration chamber in the water-circulating aerator.
Industrial Wastewater Reclamation for Sustainable Development – Integration of Membrane Bio-Reactor Process
Authors: Ni C.H. , Lin J.C.T.
Published: December 2012

The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology, a state-of-the-art wastewater treatment process that combines an activated sludge process and membrane filtration, has received worldwide recognition in the past decade. The growing applications of MBR in wastewater treatment processes are attributed to its small space requirement, less sludge generated, automatic operation and excellent improvement on effluent quality for subsequent reclamation and recycling. This paper outlines diverse applications of the MBR technology on industrial wastewater treatment and reclamation for. Meanwhile, remarkable projects in Taiwan from the first submerged MBR installed in 1999 until now are reported. By combining with Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP’s), the effluent quality is not only able to provide for cooling tower make-up but also able to meet a more stringent standards for city water replacement in the manufacturing process. MBR system played a significant role during various industrial development and provided a robust and effective solution for a limiting water resource area such as Taiwan capable of sustainable development. Such practical experience can be served as an important reference for further applying the MBR technology in the industry around the world.
Feasibility Study on the Concentration of Miscible Liquid in Aeration Tank Used by CAF Process
Authors: Guan Xiao Tao , Hu Feng Ping , Wang Lin Yuan
Published: December 2012

The Cavitation Air Flotation (CAF) process has been widely applied to the pretreatment of industrial wastewater and urban sewage. However, it has not been applied in the sludge treatment yet. In this paper, Nanchang Chaoyangzhou Sewage Treatment Plant is taken as the example that the CAF process is introduced to the concentration of miscible liquid in the aeration tank in urban sewage treatment plants. According to the optimization of the sludge conditioning agent and the study on the concentration of the miscible liquid in the aeration tank, it is concluded that CAF can be used to concentrate the leftover activated sludge in urban sewage treatment plant, especially that with low density.
Effect of Mechanical Aeration on Nitrogen and Microbial Activity in Sediment-Water Interface from Urban Lake
Authors: Chen Jian Jun , Lu Shao Yong , Liao Zai Yi , Ai Shi Chao , Huang Min Sheng
Published: December 2012

Aeration was one of the common techniques which were focused in environmental engineering research. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of aeration on nitrogen (N) fractions and its transformation in the sediment-water interface from urban lake. In addition, we measured the dehydrogenase (DHA) and Chla content in surface sediment to detect the changes of the microbial activity. The aim is to explore the regulation of N migration and transformation in the water-sediment interface during the treatment work of lake pollution. By mechanical aeration, we control the DO content of the overlying water at the range of 1.2-1.5 kg/L, 2.5-4.5 mg/L and 6.1-6.2 mg/L. Results showed that DO in overlying water play a role to the variation of N in water-sediment interface. NH4+-N was the mainly N fraction released from sediment, the lower DO concentration (1.2-1.5 mg/L) in overlying water is favorable to the release of NH4+-N from sediment. Whether under aerobic or anaerobic condition, the releasing of NH4+-N from sediment were both higher than its consumption in the overlying water. The benthic microbial activity of the surface sediment (0-2 cm) was higher than that from bottom (6-8 cm). And the microbial activity in surface sediment was in optimum range when the overlying water DO content was about 2.5-4.5 mg/L.
Study on a Combination Drying Technique of Shrimp
Authors: Bai Ya Xiang , Hu Yu Cai , Huang Qiang
Published: December 2012

In order to develop a highly efficient drying technique for shrimp, a combination of air drying (AD) and vacuum freeze drying (FD) is examined. The drying rate of combination drying, the shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and sensory properties, such as the color and trimness, of the dried product in the AD–FD method are measured. Compared with FD, the combined process consumes less drying time, compared with AD drying alone. Also the product processed by combined drying displays lower shrinkage, higher rehydration rate and better sensory qualities.
A Design Scheme of Energy Management System for Low-Carbon Community in Smart Grid Environment
Authors: Wang Shuang Hu , Wu Yong Yi
Published: December 2012

Using double-network, double-machine technology, the hardware framework of the energy management system is designed. The software framework scheme is proposed according to different layers. By designing graph, report, alarm, database management, man-machine interface and privilege subsystems on supporting platform, various services are presented. The proposed energy management system integrated many automation systems, such as Distribution Automation system, Advanced Metering Infrastructure and so on. The senior application functions of the energy management system are introduced. Adopting smart grid technology, the proposed scheme provides a new solution to better manage, use, save and monitor energy especially renewable energy. Because of its obvious advantages in enhancing energy efficiency, the introduced energy management system is expected to be widely used in low-carbon community.
The Research of Mine Environmental Quality Early Warning
Authors: Rao Yun Zhang , Yang Hui Yue
Published: December 2012

The environmental quality early warning in mine are combined with the social, economic and environmental indicators to establish a series of sensitive early warning index to reflect the change of mine environment. Finally, according to the alarm level to forecast the mine environment pollution. This research take the copper mine as an example, establish the mine environmental quality early warning index system, application of AHP to determine the weight, then weighted average to get the early warning general index of mine pollution factors. At last, put the early warning general index into the mathematical model, calculate the mine environmental quality early warning types.
Analysis and Assessment of the Environment in the Area of Abandoned Coal Mines in Primorsky Region
Authors: Derbentseva Alla , Krupskaya Ludmila , Arefieva Olga , Nazarkina Alina V. , Orlov Alexey , Morin Vitaly , Volobueva Nadezda Grigorievna
Published: December 2012

The report presents the results of the analysis and assessment of environmental status of land covering and mining waters in the area of abandoned coal enterprises of Primorsky Region. In the examined area on a set of fixed characteristics a very complicated, "catastrophic" and "poor" environmental situation is being formed. There is offered a series of methods reducing the negative impact of technogenic objects to the environment.
Sustainability through Optimization: The Future of Watershed Management
Authors: Saravanapavan Thambirajah , Zhang Guo Shun , Voorhees Mark
Published: December 2012

A quantitative comparison of total costs between the traditional approach and the optimization approach for stormwater management is presented in this study. As the uniform sizing method is always associated with the traditional stormwater management practices, the optimization approach is well suited for the more recent stormwater management paradigm of low impact development (LID) practices. In the case study conducted for the town of Franklin in the Upper Charles River Watershed, Massachusetts, USA, the optimization method is able to identify stormwater management alternatives that cost 60% less than the traditional approach for meeting the Phosphorus loading reduction targets. The study highlights the comprehensive benefits from coupling optimization with the LID practices in stormwater management: 1. The LID practices’ focus on restoring the predevelopment runoff conditions ensures sustainable stormwater management, and 2. The optimization technique guarantees that the most cost-effective LID practices are selected throughout the decision-making process. The approaches outlined in this study can be very informative to many Asian countries that are under fast development and are in urgent need of scientific and sound approaches for achieving sustainable watershed management.
The Study of Cavity Making Using Directional-Butted Wells Technology
Authors: Jiang De Yi , Yi Liang , Chen Jie , Jiang Xiang , Ren Song , Qiu Hua Fu
Published: December 2012

A method of cavity making using directional-butted wells technology has been established. Not only does this method can accelerate the process of cavity making, but also solve the problem of shape controlling in oil and gas storage cavern with interlayers. Locating wells and controlling targets are the key drilling technology. The process of solution mining can be divided into two periods that channels making period and construction period. Sand plug and salt crystals are the common accidents during the process of cavity making and some measures should be taken to deal with them.
The Numerical Calculation of Highway Slope Stability under the Influence of Rainfall
Authors: Chen Yu , Duan Hui Yun , Zhou Cheng Tao
Published: December 2012

The slope deformation and instability caused by rainfall is the most common geological hazard in the highway slope landslide hazards. This paper used the finite element method to analyze the stability of slop in a variety of water-saturated conditions based on the strength reduction method, and to get the mechanism of rainfall weakening the strength of landslide. The results shows that the slope landslide in the fully saturated state would be instability when the surface was muddy geotechnical (thickness about 5 m), but it could remain stable when the saturated rate was under 80%. Under the action of rainfall, the maximum shear stress of potential slip plane in this kind of slopes was in the landslide’s lower edge which has obvious stress concentraten. Therefore, slope control measures should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of the landslide hazard in the lot of long rainy season.
Effects of Environmental Factors on Phosphorus Release in Sediment from Baihua Lake, China
Authors: Jin Mei , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Fu Li Ya , Luo Jin , Jia Miao , Liu Chun , Shen Wei
Published: December 2012

This paper reports an investigation regarding the effects of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and agitation on total phosphorus (TP) release in sediment form Baihua Lake. The results showed that an increase in the temperature led to a sharp increase in the TP release in the examined sediment. The TP release from the sediment decreased as the pH value increased until approximately pH = 7, and increased when pH > 7. There was phosphorus release in both aerobic and anoxic conditions, although the release quantities of TP were significantly higher in the anoxic condition than those in the aerobic condition. In addition, the TP release increased with agitation.
Investigating of Correlation between MODIS Satellite Data and Ground Data Related to Aerosols and Modeling Aerosols Using Neural Networks over Shiraz
Authors: Dehghani Ali Reza , Safavi Ali Akbar , Nazemossadat Mohammad Jafar , Mohammadi Seyed Mohammad Hessam
Published: December 2012

This paper presents an investigation of satellite data and ground data about aerosols and then modelsthe mentioned data over Shiraz using artificial neural networks. MODIS satellite data are available on 36 various frequency bands. In this study, a good correlation between ground data and the 10 first satellite image bands is being shown. Specially, the best correlation was found in band number 8. Therefore, using neural networks and ground data along with satellite information, a model of aerosols is constructed. In the mentioned model, satellite data of band 8 and ground data are used as network input and output, respectively. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Environmental Practices as Requirements for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in the Automotive Supply Chain
Authors: Vanalle R.M. , Santos L.B.
Published: December 2012

Sustainable supply chains are now growing in importance as shareholders, employees and consumers question whether the company and its associate suppliers are socially and environmentally responsible. This fact has been seriously considered in the auto industry supply chain where companies seem to be concerned with the environment performance of their vendors. In order to verify to what extent the environmental requirements have been imposed by the auto industry companies to their suppliers, this paper examines the case of a first tier multinational Brazilian auto parts manufacturer. The case analysis was able to demonstrate that environmental requirements are of key importance in the evaluation, selection and maintenance of a supplier as part of the respective supply chain.
A Print Performance Study of the Environmental Friendly Wide Gamut Process Inks
Authors: Ma Li Yi , Hao Tsung Yu
Published: December 2012

To expend the printed color gamut is the most important area for today’s print quality. Conventional wide gamut printing technologies utilize six or seven colors. However, these processes increase the complexity and the cost. Therefore, the four-color wide gamut inks are becoming the major development in Taiwan’s printing industry. This study is focused on the print performance study of the four-color wide gamut inks in the domestic market that are complied with the RoHS regulations. In this study Tung-Ming and K+E wide gamut process inks were tested for their print performance. The press control was to comply ISO12647-2 specifications. The test forms were printed on both type 1 and type 2 papers that specified in ISO12647-2. The normal process ink set was also printed to compare with those wide-gamut color ink sets. The result shows that the both wide-gamut ink sets have reached color gamut larger than the ISO12647-2. In this study shows that the domestic normal process ink set can comply the international standard, and the developing wide gamut ink also reach the standard. However, the color characteristics and printability have to test before using these wide gamut color ink sets. With the optimized process control and color management system, the four-color wide gamut inks can produce the best color result on paper.
Influence Analysis of Color Input Target to the Scanner Color Characteristic
Authors: Xin Hua Jun , Liu Yu
Published: December 2012

Scanner is the indispensable image acquisition equipment in the prepress system, high quality ICC profile is significant to reflect the color expression of scanner, and the character of ICC profile is influenced in a great extent by the color input target. The subject is to set up the ICC profile by scanning and data processing Kodak IT8.7/2, Goldencolor GCT 3.0 and GretagMacbeth ColorChecker SG, get the influence of each color input target to the scanner color characteristic through the accuracy analysis and color gamut comparison. Research shows that three kinds of color target has its own advantage, Kodak IT8.7/2 has big color gamut, high accuracy, and better reappearance ability, meets the needs of the everyday users; GretagMacbeth ColorChecker SG is good to the reappearance of high saturate manuscript, and its precision is high, applying to recreate natural landscape; Glodencolor GCT 3.0 is of high precision and larger color gamut, but its expression ability is not good enough in the section of high saturation red and magenta, it can produce high quality scanner ICC profile also. Consequently, it should be taken into consideration of the manuscript, color gamut, accuracy and cost-effective factors comprehensively when choosing scanner color target, eventually you get a satisfactory scanning result.
Researches on the Information Hiding Technology Used in Paper-Based Document Images
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Yu Xin , Zong Ze , Qi Wen Fa
Published: December 2012

With the rapid development of the information technology and digital image copy devices, the information carrier shows off diversified trends. However paper media still play an important role in many areas serving as information carrier, and correspondingly the information security of paper documents faces great challenges. So how to solve the information security problems of paper media has become the hottest research topic. This paper proposes an information hiding method used in printed documents image based on the screen dots modulating shade composed of a large number of randomly arranged screen dots. These dots are classified into coding dots, anchor dots and perturbing dots respectively. Experimental results show that screen dots modulating shade using our method has larger information capacity and also has strong robustness against the attacks of print-scan processes. Moreover, this technology also can be widely used in many other areas, such as anti-counterfeit printing, anti-copy, document content tamper-proofing and document image retrieval etc.
Research of Image Location for Print Whole Image On-Line Detection System
Authors: Hao Jian Qiang , Tang Wan You , Jiang Rui Xue , Yi Duan Yang
Published: December 2012

Considering the process of web print, the feature of this system, the specific requirements of subsequent testing software and presswork printed in web print, image absolute difference summation method was proposed to solve the image location problem of web printing whole image on-line detection system. The method was evaluated by print detection software, various print image and print matters with print defect. The results showed that the image located by this method is applied better in print whole image detection system and the locating speed meets the real-time requirement of on-line detection.
An Improved Method of USM Processing on Color Image
Authors: Liang Ju Hua , Gong Li
Published: December 2012

Unsharp masking (USM) is an image manipulation technique, the principle of which is exaggerating the lighter-darker contrast between the two sides of an edge in order to enhance the visual definition of the image. In this study, typical computer image sharpening methods and defects were studied and the sharpening principle of traditional electronic scanners was adopted to propose an improved method of USM processing, that is, regard the most significant level change in color channel as the source image of extracting so as to obtain the edge enhancement information. Thus greater edge contrast was gained when applied to all channels. Experiments on RGB and CMYK images were conducted both by conventional and enhanced methods in Matlab. The results suggest that the improved image sharpening method could enhance the contrast of the image profile and get higher image definition degree.
Analysis on Color-Distinguishing Threshold of Printed Samples and Chromatic Characteristics of Human Eyes
Authors: Li Wen Yu , Dong Hao Liang
Published: December 2012

In order to study the visual characteristics of the human eye on color-distinguishing threshold levels, an experiment, of which the results provide significant data reference and theoretical basis for improvement of color evaluation methods of printing products, was carried out with 20 observers whose visual characteristics are normal. The observers were provided 5 basic colors that the CIE recommended for color evaluation study, and the constant stimulation psychophysical method was used in the visual experiment. The color patches were printed out with small color threshold variations. The color-distinguishing thresholds and visual characteristics were obtained through the experiment. Results showed that the notable color threshold values of green and red patches were relative larger, indicating larger visual tolerances. It is also shown that the red region in CIELAB color space has the best uniformity to human eyes among the five colors.
Halftone Image Quality Assessment Based on Digital Watermark
Authors: Zhong Yun Fei , Fu Lu Jing , Zou Jie , Deng Rong Hua
Published: December 2012

Digital watermarking is the process of computer-aided information hiding in a carrier signal with robust and concealment characteristics. A halftone image quality assessment framework based on digital watermark is proposed. First, we segmented image dark tong area and edge through C-V model and transformed segmentation image into binary image to obtain the area in which watermark is to be embedded. Then, the watermark was embedded and the image quality assessment was completed by extracted watermark. The experimental results show that the presented quality evaluation scheme of halftone image can detect printed image quality efficiently with the characteristics of novel and rapid.
The Comprehensive Processing Methods on Reproducing of the Image of Relic on Subtle Levels
Authors: Chen Xiao Qi
Published: December 2012

Culture relics, as the remains of legacy in the development of human history, are unduplicated. And making the image of relics, therefore, is significant at protecting, studying and appreciating the cultural relics and even promoting the heritage of human civilization. Subtle level of relic image, as the main part for image duplication always reflects original characteristics and texture of the image. The relic’s density is adjusted to the maximum of the visual identification through centering the relics in the image for black and white points calibration. Adjusting tone curve can represent the relic’s texture to satisfy the requirements of the visual artistic appreciation in accordance with the concrete characteristics of the cultural relic’s image. Based on color adjustment, the detail expression and level texture of the relic can be emphasized. Using image processing method furthers refined correction to ensure the whole density of image and equilibrium of the level. Sharpen the image of relics to intensify the subtle level in accordance with Mach Band Effect. These basic principle and method such as level tone and color adjustment combined with the relevant image processing methods is applied comprehensively to the image duplication, which can represent and promote the subtle level of the image as well as the relics’ style with high quality.
Advertising Efficacy Research on E-Paper Application for MRT Station Bulletin Board
Authors: Hsieh Yung Cheng , Lee Yi Yeh , Cheng Ssu Yi
Published: December 2012

As global environmental consciousness emerges, use of high technology to reduce environmental pollution has become a critical imperative for economies the world over. In recent years’ development and applications of ICT monitors have increasingly served to displace traditional paper based displays, yielding tremendous environmental efficacy. Digital e-paper displays enjoy numerous competitive advantages including energy efficiency, eye friendliness, resilient durability, and readability, but are currently generally only deployed in e-book uses, so enhancing their application scope, in addition to relying on their reading comfort, the market will no doubt develop appreciable economic and environmental benefits. Hence this study deploys the perspective of applications innovation, to explore uses of e-paper solutions in MRT advertising contexts on the advertising efficacy aspects of both advertising memory and advertising attitudes. This research relies on in situ experimental methods, at an existing MRT station in Taipei on the island of Taiwan, through convenience sampling to select 100 study subjects, who were asked to view two encased displays (either a digital e-paper display or paper display) with public notice contents, prior to completing the study survey and statistical analysis of the valid responses. The study findings indicate that, for the general public MRT patrons, digital e-paper advertising solutions yielded optimal efficacy for both advertising memory and advertising attitude, with significant results along the dimensions of both advertising receptiveness and interest.
Research on the Imaging Mechanism of Additive Color of Fluorescent Ink-Jet Ink
Authors: Wei Xian Fu , Gao Shao Hong , Huang Bei Qing , Zhang Wan
Published: December 2012

The formation of color images are generally divided into two methods: additive color imaging based on color light mixture and subtractive color imaging based on colorant mixture. Additive color imaging refers to the color image mixed by a certain percentage of the three primary color lights: red (R), green (G) and blue (B), such as LED display, cell phone screens, digital cameras and others. Subtractive color imaging refers to the color image generated by light mixture reflected by each colorant, due to some light of different wavelength in the white light separately absorbed by certain colorant after mixing a certain percentage of the three primary colorant: cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y). Inkjet, color laser printing, inkjet printing, etc. belong to the subtractive color imaging. Most commonly, printing also belongs to the subtractive color imaging. This thesis is based on the characteristics that fluorescent materials can produce colors under UV excitation, designing and preparing three fluorescent inkjet inks which can respectively produce red (R), green (G), blue (B) under UV light excitation, using inkjet printers to print color images, investigating the imaging mechanism of the additive color based on fluorescence inkjet printing, and observing the imaging results. The results show that color effect of monochrome image is good, and the color deviation is large after overlapping different colors.
A Preliminary Study on Artistic Transcending of Printing Dots
Authors: He Xi Zhong , Zhang Yu , Xie Li Ping
Published: December 2012

This article discusses diversifying graphic design elements based on existing print reproduction principles and technology. The authors studied color processing techniques derived from print reproduction principles and assorted image elements derived from restrains in printing technology. The authors also discussed disassembling and restoring procedures during image transformation and reproduction to explain and explore the different styles and compositions of art forms that carry profound information. The visual impact coming from pixel’s form, arrangement, color, direction, and other factors is also delicately explained. Concurrently the authors examine the manipulation of technical parameters in the printing process and exploit the aesthetic value revealed. The focus is to elaborate upon artistic features achievable from dot gain, color overlapping, omitting, merging, and other aspects. The authors also explore innovative visual elements on the basis of existing developments in print reproduction principles, printing technology, and prepress design and they discover new channels for utilizing dots as a unique expressional element in graphic design. The ultimate goal is to show that print reproduction principles and technology are not only a means of reproducing images, but also dynamic and powerful tools for creative design.
A Study of Color Variance between Vacuum Plate of Aluminum and Aluminum Foil Using UV Offset Printing
Authors: Chen Chang Lang , Lo Mei Chun , Wei Ming Chw , Wang Shi Wei
Published: December 2012

In packaging market, Vacuum Plate of Aluminum by UV offset printing is light impediment effectively, moisture-proof, and forgery-proof and reaches the request of the green packaging production. Thus, the packaging of Vacuum Plate of Aluminum is used widely. This study was a true experimental research. The test form employed was the printing quality control strip from international printing specification. It was used to record and analyze the color variance between Vacuum Plate of Aluminum and Aluminum Foil with white board and no white board using UV Offset Printing. The study indicated the comparison of Tone Value Increased & the difference of Color Gamut Range among these three packaging materials via C, M, Y, K four colors tone value and RGB area testing, and results reveals that the tone value on the Vacuum Plate of Aluminum with white board increased most among these three materials; the dot gain percentage of the Vacuum Plate of Aluminum is less than 15% which with the highest stability than others. All signature findings are given in Fig.1 and Fig.2. These results are entirely consistent with research hypotheses.
Model of Ink Quantity Control Based on Colorimetry System
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhou Shi Sheng , Cui Ying
Published: December 2012

Abstract. In the offset printing process，the ink quantity control in the ink zone, color and ink quantity transformation algorithm and the establishment of database，are all based on principle of density measurement. With the establishment and wide spread use of the standard ISO12647-2 for offset, colorimetric measurement is becoming a tendency. By experimental research，this article analyses the relationship between ink thickness and colorimetric value(L*a*b*) by regression method, determines the best ink quantity parameter, establishes the model of ink quantity controlling based on colorimetry system.
The Effect of UV Inkjet Ink’s Performance on the Line Printing Quality
Authors: Zhang Wan , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2012

In order to smoothly jet from the nozzle, UV inkjet ink need to meet certain performance requirements, the surface tension of ink has certain effect on the formation and the flight path of ink droplet, directly affect the final printing quality. The black UV inkjet ink samples were prepared by selecting 5 kinds of surfactants, the surface tension was tested. The effect of the surface tension on ink droplet status and final line printing quality were studied. The results show that the surface tension of ink is different, the ink droplet status is different; the surface tension of ink have certain effect on the line width and density of lines, and have little impact on the roughness and contrast of lines.
A Graphic/Picture Classification Method Based on Spatial Characteristics of Colors
Authors: Cai Sheng Yan , Nie Xuan , Guo Shu Qin
Published: December 2012

In order to get optimum color reproduction results on different color devices in color management, a proper rendering intent should be selected according to color characteristics of the image. In terms of differences on color characteristics, images could be classified into synthetic graphics and natural pictures. Different rendering intent should be applied on graphics and pictures. So graphic/picture automatic classification becomes a fundamental task of color management intellectualization. Characteristics on color distribution of a large number of images have been researched in our experiments. Then it is confirmed that the essential difference between graphic and picture is the characteristics on color distribution in the neighborhood of images rather than the number of colors or the volume of image gamut. Thus, the features which have distinct ability to show the differences could be used to build classification rules. In this paper, several mathematical features of image are extracted and selected by their classification performance. Based on these features, the discriminant analysis is adopted to build up discriminated functions. Finally, the accuracy of the functions has been tested and the precision is 96.75%.
The Study on Color Print Quality Attributes of In-Mold Roller Using Digital Inkjet Printing
Authors: Chen Chang Lang , Lo Mei Chun , Su Yun Ti , Chang Yu Tung
Published: December 2012

The In-Mold Roller is a revolutionary printing process by which objects are 3D decorated. The products decorated by In-Mold Roller are protected from water and fading. These kinds of decorations strongly increase the beauty, desirability and value of the objects. The In-Mold Roller is now using either of gravure printing and screen printing to print PET film. However, there are some problems with these two techniques. This research is to investigate the potential use of combining In-Mold Roller with digital inkjet printing in 3D decoration, e.g. in personalized printing services. The study results found show that digital inkjet printing to the PET film and then transfer to the ABS, the solid ink densities (SIDs) of primaries would increase. The tone values increases (TVIs) from highlight and middle (around 0~60%) were generally higher than those in shadows. The shapes and sizes of color gamut were also varied according to different kinds of digital UV inkjet printing processes. Moreover, after transferred, the color gamut became smaller.
A Fault Diagnosis Method for the Roller-Marks in Offset Printing Machine Based on Texture Recognition
Authors: Xu Zhuo Fei , Zhang Hai Yan , Ren Ling Hui
Published: December 2012

Roller-mark is a common problem in offset printing and its solution method is important for printing. A new detecting method of texture analysis was given in this paper. In this study, printing image was acquired with high-speed CCD. Compared the difference between printing image and standard image, a defective image was obtained. Then the reason of roller-marks was given by the texture recognition of defect image. Finally, experiments were taken to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this new method for the roller-marks diagnosis in the offset printing machine.
Research on the Suction-Tape Feeding Technology Maturity of Printing Press Based on TMMS
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Yan
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the suction-tape feeding technology maturity of printing press is predicted with the using of Technology Maturity Mapping System (TMMS) which can be used to predict the technology maturity of product based on patent analysis .This method could make enterprises forecast the technical development of products fast and accurate, and realize the technical of products innovative. It would provide an important guideline to make strategic decision and trading technology.