bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Triage Capability of Symptom Checkers Against That of Medical Laypersons: Survey Study
Authors: Schmieding Malte L , Mörgeli Rudolf , Schmieding Maike A L , Feufel Markus A , Balzer Felix
Published: January 2021

Background

Symptom checkers (SCs) are tools developed to provide clinical decision support to laypersons. Apart from suggesting probable diagnoses, they commonly advise when users should seek care (triage advice). SCs have become increasingly popular despite prior studies rating their performance as mediocre. To date, it is unclear whether SCs can triage better than those who might choose to use them.

Objective

This study aims to compare triage accuracy between SCs and their potential users (ie, laypersons).

Methods

On Amazon Mechanical Turk, we recruited 91 adults from the United States who had no professional medical background. In a web-based survey, the participants evaluated 45 fictitious clinical case vignettes. Data for 15 SCs that had processed the same vignettes were obtained from a previous study. As main outcome measures, we assessed the accuracy of the triage assessments made by participants and SCs for each of the three triage levels (ie, emergency care, nonemergency care, self-care) and overall, the proportion of participants outperforming each SC in terms of accuracy, and the risk aversion of participants and SCs by comparing the proportion of cases that were overtriaged.

Results

The mean overall triage accuracy was similar for participants (60.9%, SD 6.8%; 95% CI 59.5%-62.3%) and SCs (58%, SD 12.8%). Most participants outperformed all but 5 SCs. On average, SCs more reliably detected emergencies (80.6%, SD 17.9%) than laypersons did (67.5%, SD 16.4%; 95% CI 64.1%-70.8%). Although both SCs and participants struggled with cases requiring self-care (the least urgent triage category), SCs more often wrongly classified these cases as emergencies (43/174, 24.7%) compared with laypersons (56/1365, 4.10%).

Conclusions

Most SCs had no greater triage capability than an average layperson, although the triage accuracy of the five best SCs was superior to the accuracy of most participants. SCs might improve early detection of emergencies but might also needlessly increase resource utilization in health care. Laypersons sometimes require support in deciding when to rely on self-care but it is in that very situation where SCs perform the worst. Further research is needed to determine how to best combine the strengths of humans and SCs.
The Role of Transparency, Trust, and Social Influence on Uncertainty Reduction in Times of Pandemics: Empirical Study on the Adoption of COVID-19 Tracing Apps
Authors: Oldeweme Andreas , Märtins Julian , Westmattelmann Daniel , Schewe Gerhard
Published: January 2021

Background

Contact tracing apps are an essential component of an effective COVID-19 testing strategy to counteract the spread of the pandemic and thereby avoid overburdening the health care system. As the adoption rates in several regions are undesirable, governments must increase the acceptance of COVID-19 tracing apps in these times of uncertainty.

Objective

Building on the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT), this study aims to investigate how uncertainty reduction measures foster the adoption of COVID-19 tracing apps and how their use affects the perception of different risks.

Methods

Representative survey data were gathered at two measurement points (before and after the app’s release) and analyzed by performing covariance-based structural equation modeling (n=1003).

Results

We found that uncertainty reduction measures in the form of the transparency dimensions disclosure and accuracy, as well as social influence and trust in government, foster the adoption process. The use of the COVID-19 tracing app in turn reduced the perceived privacy and performance risks but did not reduce social risks and health-related COVID-19 concerns.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the mass adoption of health care technology and URT research by integrating interactive communication measures and transparency as a multidimensional concept to reduce different types of uncertainty over time. Furthermore, our results help to derive communication strategies to promote the mass adoption of COVID-19 tracing apps, thus detecting infection chains and allowing intelligent COVID-19 testing.
Health Care Professionals’ Experiences With the Use of Video Consultation: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Primholdt Christensen Nina , Skou Karen Emilie , Boe Danbjørg Dorthe
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The number of remote video consultations between doctors and patients has increased during the last few years and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The health care service is faced with rising rates of chronic illness and many patients who are more confident in self-management of their illnesses. In addition, there is an improved long-term outlook for serious conditions, such as cancer, that might require flexibility in everyday life.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate how medical doctors in the outpatient clinic use and experience the use of video consultations with hematological patients, with a focus on relational and organizational aspects.

METHODS

The study was designed as an explorative and qualitative study. Data were collected via participant observations and focus group interviews with medical doctors.

RESULTS

The study identified possibilities and barriers in relation to adapting to the alternative way of meeting patients in the clinical setting. One of the main findings in this study is that the medical doctors were afraid that they missed important observations, as they were not able to perform a physical examination, if needed. They also emphasized that handshake and eye contact were important in order to get an overall impression of the patient’s situation. It also became clear that the medical doctors used body language a lot more during video consultation compared with consultation in a physical setting. The medical doctors found the contact with the patients via the screen to be good, and the fact that the technology was working well made them feel comfortable with the video consultation.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we found that the medical doctors were able to maintain good contact with the patients despite the screen and were able to assess the patients in a satisfying manner. However, there were still uncertainties among some doctors about the fact that they could not examine the patients physically. New knowledge about how to use gestures and body language during video consultation was obtained.
Machine Learning Analysis to Identify Digital Behavioral Phenotypes for Engagement and Health Outcome Efficacy of an mHealth Intervention for Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Meelim , Yang Jaeyeong , Ahn Woo-Young , Choi Hyung Jin
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The digital health care community has been urged to enhance engagement and clinical outcomes by analyzing multidimensional digital phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to use a machine learning approach to investigate the performance of multivariate phenotypes in predicting the engagement rate and health outcomes of digital cognitive behavioral therapy.

METHODS

We leveraged both conventional phenotypes assessed by validated psychological questionnaires and multidimensional digital phenotypes within time-series data from a mobile app of 45 participants undergoing digital cognitive behavioral therapy for 8 weeks. We conducted a machine learning analysis to discriminate the important characteristics.

RESULTS

A higher engagement rate was associated with higher weight loss at 8 weeks (r=−0.59; P<.001) and 24 weeks (r=−0.52; P=.001). Applying the machine learning approach, lower self-esteem on the conventional phenotype and higher in-app motivational measures on digital phenotypes commonly accounted for both engagement and health outcomes. In addition, 16 types of digital phenotypes (ie, lower intake of high-calorie food and evening snacks and higher interaction frequency with mentors) predicted engagement rates (mean R2 0.416, SD 0.006). The prediction of short-term weight change (mean R2 0.382, SD 0.015) was associated with 13 different digital phenotypes (ie, lower intake of high-calorie food and carbohydrate and higher intake of low-calorie food). Finally, 8 measures of digital phenotypes (ie, lower intake of carbohydrate and evening snacks and higher motivation) were associated with a long-term weight change (mean R2 0.590, SD 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings successfully demonstrated how multiple psychological constructs, such as emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and motivational phenotypes, elucidate the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of a digital intervention using the machine learning method. Accordingly, our study designed an interpretable digital phenotype model, including multiple aspects of motivation before and during the intervention, predicting both engagement and clinical efficacy. This line of research may shed light on the development of advanced prevention and personalized digital therapeutics.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03465306; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03465306
Acute Toxicity of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) Ethanol Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo In Vivo
Authors: Fakri Fajar , Idrus Loly Subhiaty , Iskandar Maria Alexandra , Wibowo Indra , Adnyana I Ketut
Published: January 2021

Keladi tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) is an Indonesian medicinal plant that has various pharmacological properties. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been proposed as a model that can bridge the gap between cell assays and rodent assays. Evaluation of the toxic effects of natural products using the Zebrafish model can be assessed starting from the blastula stage of embryonic development. This study aims to investigate the potential acute toxicity effect of keladi tikus-ethanol extract (KTEE) using zebrafish embryos. A static non-replacement regime for acute toxicity testing was used. Wild-type zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of KTEE (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 µg/mL) starting at 6 hours post-fertilization (hpf) until 96 hpf. The results showed that the survival rate of zebrafish embryos decreased as the concentration of the test extract increased. The LC50 values of KTEE were 494.553 µg/mL at 96 hpf and 555.787 µg/mL at 72 hpf. Embryotoxicity effect of KTEE includes hatching delays and decreased heartrate on zebrafish embryos, especially at high concentrations. KTEE also caused abnormalities in embryo morphology, including pericardial edema, jaw and tail deformity.
Antidiabetes of Combination of Fractionated-extracts of Andrographispaniculata and Centellaasiatica in Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ariesta Reni , Fitrawan La Ode Muhammad , Nugroho Agung Endro , Pramono Suwidjiyo
Published: January 2021

Many medicinal plants are widely grown in South- and Southeast Asia countries. Some of them are traditionally used for treatment of diabetes mellitus such as Andrographispaniculata and Centellaasiatica. In the study, we provided fractionated-extracts of A. paniculata and C. asiatica to increase the concentration of their active compounds and eliminate unexpected substances. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetes effect of the combination of their fractionated-extracts in male neonatal streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the study, diabetes was injected intraperitoneally 90mg.kg-1 BWSTZ  to two day-old rats. At the age of three months, the rats were administered with the combination of both fractionated-extracts for 14 consecutive days. We evaluated antidiabetes with parameters of blood glucose levels, morphology of pancreatic islet, β-cell density as well as immunohistochemical pancreatic insulin. The levels of MDA, SOD and GPx were also determined about oxidative stress change after treatment with the combination. In the study, the combination succeeded to lower the blood glucose level in neonatal STZ-induced diabetic rats. Inline with fact, improvement of rat pancreatic islets and β cells density, as well as moderate restoration of pancreatic insulin, were observed after treatment with the combination. The substance could decrease the level of MDA, and increase the levels of SOD and GPx. In conclusion, the combination of fractionated-extracts of A. paniculata and C. asiatica exhibited potential antidiabetic effect to its antioxidative effect in male neonatal STZ-induced diabetes rats.
New Approaches to Sample Preparation and Integrated Spectroscopic Methods for The Identification of Polioxyethylene Triolate Sorbitane for Pharmaceutical Examination of Drugs
Authors: Orazbekuly Yerbolat , Aitkaliyeva Gulzat , Yelubay Madeniyet
Published: January 2021

Due to the fast pace of development of spectroscopic research methods in the pharmaceutical expertise of drugs presented in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), in this paper, we examined complex methods for the identification and preparation for analysis of polyethylene sorbitan trioleate. Two new systems were identified for purification of 98% polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate from organic impurities in column chromatography: acetonitrile 100% and acetonitrile/acetone 7.5/2.5. It was also revealed that a chamber with metallic iodine was the most suitable for selecting an eluent and controlling the cleaning by the TLC method. Proton NMR did not detect organic impurities. Identification of polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate was carried out on H1, C13, COSY, and IR spectra. These research methods are characterized by simplicity in sample preparation, the availability of reagents, the effectiveness of identification and quantification analyzes, and the efficiency in labor and material costs
The influence of Propylene glycol/Water and Ethanol/Water Binary Solvents on the in vitro Permeation of Garcinia mangostana L. Pericarp Extract across Shed Snakeskin
Authors: Kuswahyuning Rina , Sulaiman TN Saifullah , Wahyu Ananingrum Galuh , Reno Andini Rias
Published: January 2021

Garcinia mangostana pericarp (GMP) has antioxidant activity thus may be developed into a topical antioxidant formulation. This research aimed to study the topical delivery of GMP extract.  Initially, some commonly used topical solvents, i.e., water and binary solvents of propylene glycol (PG)/water and ethanol/water (0; 10; 20 and 40%), were used to dissolve GMP extract and further tested on GMP extract in vitro skin permeation using shed snakeskin. The influence of solvents' effects was evaluated based on radical DPPH scavenging activity and expressed as radical scavenging activity equivalent GMP Extract (RSGMPE). The results showed that RSGMPE could be delivered into shed snakeskin. The extent of RSGMPE shed snakeskin retention was similar among water and all PG/water or ethanol/water binary solvents. RSGMPE was also found in the receptor phase from all PG/water binary solvents, whereas that from ethanol/water solvents only shown from 20% ethanol/water solvent even though all ethanol-water solvents produced significantly higher RSGMPE compared to water and PG/water binary solvents
New curcumin analog, CCA-1.1, synergistically improves the antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin against T47D breast cancer cells
Authors: Wulandari Febri , Ikawati Muthi' , Novitasari Dhania , Kirihata Mitsunori , Kato Jun-ya , Meiyanto Edy
Published: January 2021

An improved compound of pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1), chemoprevention-curcumin analog 1.1 (CCA-1.1), has been synthesized and proven to have antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cells. This study is designed to investigate the potency of CCA-1.1 alone and in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) on T47D cells in comparison with that of PGV-1. We used the MTT assay to assess cytotoxic activity. Propidium iodide (PI), annexin-V–PI, and DCFDA staining were respectively used to determine cell cycle profiles, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Senescent cells were identified using the SA-b-galactosidase assay. Our results revealed that CCA-1.1 possesses cytotoxic effects similar to those of PGV-1 on T47D cells. Synergistic effects during co-treatment with Dox were also observed. CCA-1.1 arrested cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase and limited sub-G1 accumulation, which is correlated with apoptosis. CCA-1.1 alone and in combination with Dox increased senescence and intracellular ROS to a similar level to those achieved by PGV-1. CCA-1.1 alone and in combination with Dox enhanced cytotoxic activity toward T47 cells compared to PGV-1. Thus, this curcumin analog may be a potential chemotherapeutic/co-chemotherapeutic candidate for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer therapy.
Utilization of Psychotropic Medications and Polypharmacy Among Adults in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: M. Meraya Abdulkarim , Alwhaibi Monira , H Syed Mamoon , Shwihi Ali , Mashraqi Muath , Tripathi Rina , Buayti Yasser , Moraya Dhaifallah
Published: January 2021

Globally, there has been a surge in the prevalence of mental health disorders, not excluding Saudi Arabia. The availability of newer psychotropic medications has led to increased prescribing and polypharmacy. In Saudi Arabia, exploration of the knowledge gap between the outpatient use of psychotropic medications and the extent of polypharmacy has been scarce in the literature. This study evaluated the prescription pattern of psychotropic medications and the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy among adult patients with behavioral/mental illnesses. The study was conducted in the psychiatric outpatient clinics of five hospitals in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-random sample of adults with behavioral/mental illnesses. Psychotropic polypharmacy was the presence of ≥2 psychotropic medication prescriptions. We conducted multivariable logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with psychotropic polypharmacy. A total of 3.052 adults with a behavioral/mental illness were included in the study. Of these, 74.6% had antidepressant prescriptions. The second most prescribed drug class was antipsychotics (51.9%). Furthermore, 65.3% had psychotropic polypharmacy, and 48.2% had interclass psychotropic polypharmacy. Adults with anxiety and other mood disorders were less likely to engage in psychotropic polypharmacy and interclass polypharmacy use than those with depression. However, adults with schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.91; p<0.001) were more likely to engage in interclass polypharmacy use than those with depression. Adults with behavioral/mental illnesses in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia have high rates of antidepressants and antipsychotics use. Additionally, psychotropic polypharmacy is a common prescribing practice, and further evaluation of the safety profile of these combinations is warranted.
Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum Extract Increases The Cytotoxic Activity Of 5-Fluorouracil In Colon Adenocarcinoma Widr Cells
Authors: Sarmoko Sarmoko , Solihati Iin , Setyono Joko , Ekowati Heny , Fadlan Arif
Published: January 2021

One of the main chemotherapy agents for colon cancer is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, the effectiveness of 5-FU decreased; therefore, co-chemotherapy with another agent is needed to enhance the activity. This study aims to determine the effect of red ginger extract as a co-chemotherapy agent with 5-FU on WiDr colon adenocarcinoma cells. We investigated the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of rhizome red ginger and combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in WiDr human colorectal cancer cell line. Red ginger extract was extracted by using 96% ethanol. Cytotoxic assay of red ginger extract and 5-FU was performed using MTT assay for 24 and 48 hours. Treatment of 5-FU in WiDr cells for 48 hours showed an IC50 value of 130 µg/mL, while no IC50 value was obtained for the 24 hours treatment. Treatment of red ginger extract with an incubation time of 24 and 48 hours had a cytotoxic effect on WiDr cells with IC50 values of 68 µg/mL and 65 µg/mL, respectively. The combination of 1000 μg/mL 5-fluorouracil with 35 μg/mL red ginger extract at 24-hour incubation resulted in a smaller cell viability value than every single treatment. The combination treatment of 5-FU 60 μg/mL with red ginger extract at a 25 μg/mL concentration causes a more significant decrease in cell viability than a single 5-FU treatment. In conclusion, red ginger extract may increase the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU in colon adenocarcinoma WiDr cells.
Conventional and alternative nitrocellulose stabilisers used in gun propellants
Authors: Gańczyk-Specjalska Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

The European Union industry must adapt to the requirements of the REACH regulations, which aim to improve human health and to protect the environment by using less toxic chemicals. The technology for producing nitrocellulose propellants utilises stabilisers that bond volatile products with autocatalytic properties of nitroester degradation. During this process, N-nitroso derivatives are formed, which exhibit toxic/carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some of the impurities found in stabilisers are characterised by toxic properties (e.g. in diphenylamine). In recent years, intensive research has been carried out on alternative nitrocellulose stabilisers with properties similar to or better than conventional stabilisers. The published studies on this subject mainly present research on chromatographic analysis, evaluation of stability using various methods and thermochemical analysis.
Analysis and comparison of the continuous detonation velocity measurement method with the standard method
Authors: Mertuszka Piotr , Pytlik Mateusz
Published: January 2021

Detonation velocity is one of the basic parameters characterising explosives. Its value is influenced by many factors related to the conditions under which they are used. The value of the detonation velocity measured in the blasthole may differ from the value measured utilising the standard method under laboratory conditions. Thus, comparative velocity of detonation (VOD) tests were carried out, which included the start-stop method (in accordance with the EN 13631-14:2003 standard) and the continuous method (utilising the MicroTrap VOD/Data Recorder). An analysis of the influence of ambient temperature on the resistance changes of the measurement probes in the continuous VOD method was also carried out. Based on the conducted comparative tests for 5 types of packaged emulsion explosives used in the mining industry, it was determined that the MicroTrap recorder enables the obtaining of results complementary with the ones obtained using the standard method.
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF MEANINGLESS LETTER STRINGS ASSOCIATIVE POWER
Authors:   Nikolai I. Sidnyaev Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Sidnyaev Nikolai I. , Butenko Juliia I. ,   Juliia I. Butenko Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Garazha Vladislav V. ,   Vladislav V. Garazha Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: January 2021

The article proposes a method of compiling statistics of the most common trigrams in texts of different lengths, comparing several small passages with general statistics, and on the basis of the obtained data, a minimum adequate sample is proposed. The method for verification of hypotheses is proposed to test the distribution laws by using different criteria. The statistical processing of the results of the quantitative analysis of trigrams is presented. Calculation of metrological parameters for estimation of unknown parameters of the trigram distribution is performed. In the quantitative analysis, not an infinitely large number of definitions but several independent definitions is made, that is, having a sample (total sample) of 5-6 options. The conditions for the choice of linguistic models, as well as the following types of linguistic-mathematical models are described: ideal and reproducing. The methodological functions of applied linguistics are reviewed. The special sections of mathematics used in linguistic theory and practice are reviewed. The possibility of extracting the sample from the log-normal general population is statistically tested as a complex non-parametric hypothesis. The test was carried out using Kolmogorov's criterion.
WORD FORMATION PATTERNS IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH CINEMA DISCOURSE TERMINOLOGY
Authors:   Nadezhda A. Shamova Ivanovo State University, Shamova Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2021

This article explores the natural enlargement of English vocabulary of the subject field «cinematography», describes contemporary ways of word formation and their peculiarities in English cinema discourse. The following word formation patterns were viewed: affixation, composition, blending, shortening and derivational neologisms. Each pattern was illustrated by the examples from the corpus that comprises 1051528 words and from additional modern resources. The total amount of the analyzed material was 298 terms. A graphical representation of the results was given and a conclusion was drawn about the most productive word formation patterns, namely affixation (46% of the 5 word-building patterns) and shortening (28% of the 5 word-building pattern groups). The most frequent affixation patterns were the ones with -er / -or suffix (42% / 30% of all affixation patterns) and with pre- prefix (21% of all affixation patterns). The least frequent were derivational neologisms due to their highly specific character. The role of extra-linguistic factors influencing the changes of the studied terminology group is emphasized. The obtained results demonstrate dynamic development of the cinema terminology influenced by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors.
MIGRATION LINGUISTICS AND MIGRATION DISCOURSE
Authors:   Svetlana V. Shustova Perm State University, Shustova Svetlana V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the impact of increasing migration flows on the language of the host society. The relevance of the topic is due to increased interest of linguists to this issue and the absence of a single comprehensive linguistic theory of the study of migration processes. The object of research is the model of migration discourse. The aim of the article is to try to systemize the theoretical prerequisites of the formation of new scientific field «migration linguistics» and the definition of the concept. To achieve the goal, the author sets the following tasks: analysis of linguistic works of domestic and foreign researchers performed in this direction; the definition of the object and subject of migration linguistics; description of the range of problems of migration linguistics, the definition of the components of the migration discourse model and their language representation.
THE EXPRESSION OF AUTHOR'S INTENTION IN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL TEXTS
Authors:   Elvira M. Ryanskaya Nizhnevartovsk State University, Ryanskaya Elvira M. , Yakovleva Anastasia M. ,   Anastasia M. Yakovleva Nizhnevartovsk State University
Published: January 2021

The article presents the analysis of author's self-presentation means in historiographical texts. The author of a historiographical text studies scientific context of historic events and therefore acts as a historian and historiographer. The current study enabled to discover the major strategies of expressing author's intentions. Those turned out to be objectiveness, appeal to documents, detached subjectivity, explicit evaluation and argumentation strategies. Dialog strategy was in the periphery. It was found that historiographical texts show the dominants common for scientific discourse in general including a pattern of “a research analyst” who uses certain techniques of proving a hypothesis by means of elaborated logical description and reasoning. The analysis of linguistic means of expressing author's intentions enabled to reveal explicit and implicit indications of those strategies. The explicit ones included adjectives sometimes used with intensifiers; nouns; set expressions and phrases with evaluative meaning; an appeal to other scientists opinion with the abundance of quotations and references. The implicit ones contained argumentation strategies including author's comments with unfortunately rare appeal to the analyst's own research results and dialog strategies with interrogative sentences and question-answer patterns indicating them.
SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH A COMMON NEGATIVE CONNOTATION IN NATIONAL LANGUAGES (BASED ON FRENCH)
Authors:   Tatyana Yu. Zalavina Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Zalavina Tatyana Yu. , Antropova Ludmila I. ,   Ludmila I. Antropova Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Polyakova Liliya S. ,   Liliya S. Polyakova Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Yuzhakova Yulia V. ,   Yulia V. Yuzhakova Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: January 2021

This work reports the results of the study of the meaning of somatic phraseological units with negative connotations in the French language within the anthropocentric paradigm. We emphasize active character of forming somatic phraseological units characterized by the two-dimensional semantic structure. To compare the semantics of variable word combinations and the corresponding phraseological units the analysis of primary transposition results was used to map the semantics of variable word combinations and phraseological units - a method typically applied for such a purpose; another method used was the application of an idiom onto the corresponding variable word combination to determine the degree of the components semantic merging to create coherent meaning of the studied idioms. As a result of the analysis of French somatic phraseological units, we singled out a set of words belonging to the semantic field of negative meanings that express various feelings and are used to characterize actions or people.
THE BIBLICAL PROPER NAME "DAVID" IN THE MATERIALS OF THE ELECTRONIC JOURNAL "TIME"
Authors:   Tatyana Yu Ma Amur State University, Ma Tatyana Yu , Khlopova Tatyana V. ,   Tatyana V. Khlopova Amur State University
Published: January 2021

Biblical proper names are considered complex cultural symbols of high cognitive and emotive potential for language personality in the Christian community. These names are widely used in different types of discourse, including mass media one, in their denotational and connotational meanings in various contexts. This paper reports the results of linguocultural analysis of the biblical proper name DAVID which is frequently used as cultural phenomenon in the “Time” articles. The material for this research included articles from the electronic version of the journal. We focused upon the intentional use of this name to discover the general patterns of its functioning in a periodical edition and to determine the ways its relative features and attributes are manifested there.
ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS OF PLACE AND THEIR COMMUNICATIVE STATUS IN LANGUAGES THAT ARE NOT CLOSELY- RELATED
Authors:   Elena N. Makarova Ural State University of Economics, Makarova Elena N.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the means of adverbial modifiers' of place actualization in English and Russian. The major means of their signaling, namely their position in a sentence and the degree of their prominence, are described. Results of experiments with participation of the Russian subjects are presented. Typical mistakes registered in the English sentences with adverbial modifiers of place read by the Russian learners of English are classified. Data on sentences translation with adverbial modifiers of place in final position from English into Russian are provided. Furthermore, this paper analyzes translation difficulties that Russian learners of English experienced while performing the task. The outlook for further research will include other adverbial modifiers in the two languages as well as in other languages.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEADLINES IN IMAGE-BUILDING OF EUROPE IN MASS MEDIA DISCOURSE OF THE USA AND GREAT BRITAIN
Authors:   Emma G. Megrabova Far Eastern Federal University, Megrabova Emma G. , Pinchukova Natalya V. ,   Natalya V. Pinchukova Amur State University
Published: January 2021

This article reports the results of a contrastive study of the impact that headlines have on the image-building of Europe in mass media discourse of the USA and Great Britain. The role and functions of headlines are considered in communication and information exchange; their linguistic peculiarities are analyzed in connection with the image of Europe that they create in American and British mass media. The obtained results enables to draw the following conclusions. First, the headlines of certain largest American and British newspapers and magazines are aimed at forming the negative image of Europe. Second, the linguistic image of Europe in the American press is more vivid and emotional than that in the British one due to the fact that British journalists use much less linguistic and stylistic means than their American colleagues.
Neurons in sparkling space: scientific objectivity and ‘blurry’ images in neuroscience
Authors: Gruber David
Published: January 2021

This article employs quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine images of neurobiology published in a science news database, sampled across a two-year interval. Upon comparing the images to article headlines, the author argues that identifiable digital effects — such as blobs of bright colour, sparks of light, superimposed lines — correlate with articles reporting on new observations of neuronal action. A qualitative semiotic analysis of characteristic examples forwards the idea of a “blurry image”, denoting how audiences must cognitively blur the line between objectivity and subjectivity, between the “real” and the enhanced performative action evident in digital images tingling with vibrant life. The conclusion suggests that digital image making can increase aesthetic pleasability even as it serves as a partner in the cognitive task and, accordingly, the argumentation of the neuroscientist. Future research can investigate whether or not digital overlays and image features identified as obvious and attractive impact assessments of scientific research or alter evaluations of objectivity.
Historical and cultural assessment of urbanized territories as the part of cadastral, land management and other economic activities
Authors: Kovyazin V.F. , Skachkova M.E. , D'yachkova I.S.
Published: January 2021

It is necessary to have up-to-date information on the historical and cultural value of territories and use it in the process of cadastral, land management and estimation activities for effective and rational dealing with real estate, sustainable city development, and preserving cultural heritage. The authors have developed conceptual assessment methodology basics of historical-and-cultural value of urbanized areas and a scale of historical and cultural value. They have also proposed a list of evaluative factors. Using the hierarchy analysis method, these factors were categorized. A method for calculating the coeffi cient of the historical and cultural value of territories using the fuzzy sets theory is introduced. This technique was tested in the territory of the historical center of Orenburg, Orenburg oblast (978 objects were analyzed). Conclusions on the value of the territory are made. Using GIS MapInfo Pro 2019, a map of the historical and cultural value of the historical center of Orenburg was compiled basing on the assessment results. The use of the assessment results in cadastral, land management and valuation activities is proposed.
An operational support approach for Mining Unstructured Business Processes
Authors: Lamghari Zineb , Radgui Maryam , Saidi Rajaa , Rahmani Moulay Driss
Published: January 2021

The refined process mining framework contains a set of activities that use extracted information from event logs, discovered models and normative ones. Among these activities, we find those dealing with running events in a Structured Business Process (SBP) context, which are the Detect, the Predict and the Recommend activities. These three activities are nominated as an operational support system that aims at detecting deviations, predicting events and recommending actions. In this regard, operational support systems perform well on SBP while, it stills a challenging task for an Unstructured Business Process (UBP). This puts forward the difficulty of predicting events and recommending actions for UBP, because of its complex structure. In this context, simplification and structuring operations must be applied. Therefore, the intervention of other process mining activities is required for business process simplification and structuring. To this end, we present an operational support approach dealing with UBP, using the refined process mining framework activities.
Movimentos feministas e relações raciais intragênero: entre a luta e a opressão
Authors: Marcinik Georgia Grube , Mattos Amana Rocha
Published: January 2021

Nas últimas décadas, tem crescido a interpelação das teorizações feministas a respeito das invisibilizações de determinadas opressões em suas produções. Esse tensionamento parte, especialmente, de feministas e mulheres negras, indígenas, periféricas, que têm endereçado questionamentos e levantado problemas epistemológicos à produção hegemônica e branca do campo dos estudos feministas. Neste artigo, recuperamos o percurso de algumas dessas questões para indagar sobre práticas feministas que têm sido conduzidas na academia e nos ativismos, e daremos destaque às discussões que analisam a pouca centralidade da discussão racial feita nos feminismos hegemônicos. Para tanto, percorreremos os trabalhos de autoras dos feminismos negros, interseccionais e decoloniais, acompanhando-as no trabalho de crítica e contraposição às opressões intragênero que se encontram nos feminismos. Traremos, ainda, algumas cenas e reflexões em que as questões aqui articuladas ganham corpo.
Um céu estrelado. Como acreditar em um mundo sem nós? Manifesto memória como céu de amor irreversível
Authors: Guerreiro Raquel De Oliveira , Papini Pedro Augusto , Franceschini Erica , Flores Paula , Cezar Brida Emanoele Spohn , De Souza Laura Barcellos Pujol , Escobar Gabriel Medeiros , Zachello Camilla , Neubarth Larissa Ko Freitag , Siegmann Christiane
Published: January 2021

Este texto foi escrito pelos integrantes do grupo de pesquisa Corpo, Arte e Clínica após o falecimento de nossa querida orientadora, professora e amiga Tania Mara Galli Fonseca, cuja presença em nossas vidas deixa marcas da ordem do indizível. O texto foi lido em voz alta junto à comunidade acadêmica no evento Temas em Debate, em 25/10/2019. Na plateia havia pessoas que a admiravam e amavam, tanto por sua pessoa quanto por seu significativo trabalho de escrita e pesquisa, sua incessante produção de pensamento diante dos mais sensíveis pulsares revolucionários da vida coletiva. Para quem endereçaríamos nossas escritas dali para frente? - nos perguntávamos uns aos outros. Com vozes embargadas de saudade e dor, em torno de pequenas luzes que brilhavam como vagalumes na escuridão, dedicamos à Tania esse texto. Escrito a muitas mãos, assim como ela nos ensinou, buscamos palavras para homenageá-la ao colocarmos nossa saudade em movimento.
ANALYSIS OF BLACK RICE FARMING COMPETITIVENESS (A CASE STUDY IN MERKARWANGI VILLAGE, CISAYONG DISTRICT, TASIKMALAYA REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE)
Authors: Kusno Kuswarini , Wilarko Galih , Budiman Muhammad Arief , Sulystiowati Lies
Published: January 2021

Black rice is a functional food so that it is not only to meet food needs, but also to maintain the health of consumers. For farmers, producing black rice will be more profitable because the selling value is higher than other types of rice. However, not many consumers and farmers are aware of this, resulting in unstable black rice production. In this free trade era, the opportunity to export a commodity or penetrate the international market is getting bigger. Therefore, it is necessary to study the competitiveness of black rice to determine its potential.The purpose of this research was to identify competitiveness through competitive advantage and comparative advantage as well as the impact of government policies. The research design used was quantitative with survey techniques. Data were analyzed using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results showed that black rice was competitive both competitively and comparatively, indicated by the value of PCR < 1 = 0.568 and DCR < 1 = 0.521. Therefore, 1) black rice farming was efficient financially and economically, and 2) black rice has the potential to be exported. The impact of government policies on black rice farming has overall reduced farmers' income. In addition, government policies also inhibited black rice exports as indicated by the value of NPCO < 1 = 0.793 and prevented farmers from exporting inputs as indicated by the value of NPCI < 1 = 0.565.
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS ON THE MARKETING ASPECT OF VEGETABLE COMMODITIES IN THE KATENZO FARMER GROUP
Authors: Islami Emil Maudi , Tridakusumah Ahmad Choibar
Published: January 2021

Low of relations between farmers and the market causes the marketing of vegetable commodities to not run optimally. The relationship between various marketing agencies and farmers produces a social network. Based on this, the social network in the marketing aspect is the main capital for the development of farming. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the characteristics of farmer members of the Katenzo Farmers Group, (2) to analyze the structure of the social network on the marketing aspects of vegetable commodities in the Katenzo Farmer Group, (3) to analyze the position of actors in social networks on the marketing aspects of vegetable commodities based on the degree of centralism. at the Katenzo Farmers Group. This study used a qualitative research design with a case study approach. Samples were taken using census techniques to all member farmers, amounting to 13 people. The analysis method used is Social Network Analysis (SNA). The results of this study indicate that all respondents are male farmers who are included in the category of young farmers who have an average high school education level and have business experience under 5 years. The network structure that is formed is a personal radius network structure (Radial Personal Network), with the central actor is the Head and Public Relations Division of the Katenzo Farmers Group.
Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Dazelle Wayde , Ebner Megan , Kazma Jamil , Ahmadzia Homa
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of alternative
risk-dictated strategies utilizing prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA)
for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Study Design: We constructed a microsimulation-based Markov
decision-analytic model estimating the cost-effectiveness of three
alternative risk-dictated strategies for TXA prophylaxis versus the
status quo (no TXA) in a cohort of 3.8 million pregnant women delivering
in the United States. Each strategy differentially modified
risk-specific hemorrhage probabilities by preliminary estimates of TXA’s
prophylactic efficacy. Outcome measures included incremental costs,
quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and adverse maternal outcomes
averted. Costs and benefits were considered from the healthcare system
and societal perspectives over a lifetime time horizon.

Results: All TXA strategies were dominant versus the status
quo, implying that they were more effective while also being
cost-saving. Providing TXA to all delivering women irrespective of
hemorrhage risk produced the most favorable results overall, with
estimated cost savings greater than $670 million and up to 149,505 PPH
cases, 2,933 hysterectomies, and 70 maternal deaths averted, per annual
cohort. Threshold analysis suggested that TXA is likely to be
cost-saving for health systems at costs below $184 per gram.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that routine prophylaxis with
TXA would likely result in substantial cost-savings and reductions in
adverse maternal outcomes in this context. The integrity of this
conclusion is maintained across all risk-dictated strategies, even when
the cost of TXA is significantly higher than what is supported in the
literature.
Effects of Rainwater Infiltration in Low Impact Development Facilities on Adjacent Municipal Roads in Collapsible Loess
Authors: Wen Xin , Hu Zhiping , Jing Yanlin , Zhang Xun , Zhang Yaguo , Chai Shaobo
Published: January 2021

The effective and reasonable construction of the low impact development
(LID) facilities in loess area depend on the functionality of typical
LID facilities and the safety of surrounding structures in areas. A
full-scale field test on rainwater concentrated infiltration of
bioretentions in a collapsible loess site was conducted in this study.
The water content and deformation law of the site were analyzed, and the
water movement law of the rainwater-concentrated infiltration at
bioretention facilities in the loess site was determined. The site
settlements were calculated as per the wetting deformation curve and
infiltration depths were calculated on an improved infiltration depth
model tailored to the loess area. The rainwater infiltration rules of
different bioretention structural forms are different in the collapsible
loess field. The diffusion rate of the retaining wall type in loess
decreases over time, while that on a sloping type does not. Within the
same infiltration time, the retaining wall has a stronger influence on
the site than the sloping type. When the water is concentrated in the
site, its influence on the subgrade settlement is small (generally less
than 1.5 mm) enough to satisfy the relevant engineering requirements. A
modified Green-Ampt model based on assumed loess saturated unsaturated
stratification can be used to predict the infiltration depth of facility
water at the site. The adverse effects of water infiltration related to
stagnant bioretentions can be mitigated by adjusting the initial water
content and saturated water content at the loess site.
Re-emergence of influenza Virus Circulation during 2020 in parts of Tropical Asia: Implications for Other Countries
Authors: Mott Joshua , Fry Alicia , Garten Rebecca , Wentworth David , Olsen Sonja
Published: January 2021

Global influenza virus circulation declined and has been below
traditional seasonal levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.1-3 We reviewed
WHO influenza surveillance outputs from May 1-December 31, 2020
(epidemiologic weeks 18-53) from tropical Asian countries. For each
country we report influenza surveillance specimens tested, and the
percentage positive for influenza, by type and subtype. We compared
current data to historical data from 2015-2019 in order to place the
current season in historical context. Twelve included countries tested
17,407 surveillance specimens, with 592 (3.4%) testing positive for
influenza viruses. From April 27-July 26, 2020 (epidemiologic weeks
18-30), specimens tested decreased from an average of 14,102 per year in
2015-2019 to 3,969 (71.9% decrease) and influenza positivity from 22%
to <1%. During weeks 31-53, specimens tested decreased from
an average of 24,782 per year in 2015-2019 to 13,438 (45.8% decrease)
and influenza positivity from 18% to 4%. In six countries that
maintained testing of surveillance specimens for >90% of
weeks, influenza circulation was unseasonably low, or absent, during
weeks 18-30, 2020. However, during weeks 31-53, the percentage of
surveillance specimens testing positive for influenza approached or
reached positivity rates of 2015-2019 in Bangladesh and Cambodia; and
increased but remained lower than historical positivity in Lao PDR and
Viet Nam. The data presented here are a reminder that the low levels of
influenza circulation in the northern hemisphere in summer 2020 may not
necessarily persist into the upcoming influenza season, and influenza
surveillance and prevention strategies should continue as planned and
not be delayed.