bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ongoing Abuse Following Survival of Attempted Intimate Partner Homicide
Authors: Avieli Hila
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Studies focusing specifically on the experiences of women who have survived intimate partner homicide (IPH) remain scarce, even as research attention to IPH has significantly increased. Within this limited scholarship, significant attention is given to the circumstances and dynamics of the relationship preceding the IPH episode, with little understanding of how the abusive relationship may evolve following the attempted IPH once the couple has already separated. Using the Assault on Basic Needs framework, the current study aimed to address this gap by exploring attempted IPH survivors’ perceptions of their post-separation relationship with their ex-partners, focusing on the abuse tactics employed by the perpetrators.

Methods

Participants were attempted IPH survivors who had publicly shared their stories, and were recruited through social media. An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis methodology was utilized to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 participants, all women who had survived an attempted IPH.

Results

The participants’ narratives uncovered three primary tactics used to sustain the abuse: (1) Post-separation relationship maintained through communication channels, (2) Abuse through the legal system, and (3) Abuse through intermediaries.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that even after separation or incarceration, abuse may persist, requiring survivors of attempted homicide to receive additional support and protection on their path to safety and healing.
Persisting blood–brain barrier disruption following cisplatin treatment in a mouse model of chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment
Authors: Patai Roland , Csik Boglarka , Nyul-Toth Adam , Gulej Rafal , Vali Kordestan Kiana , Chandragiri Siva Sai , Shanmugarama Santny , Tarantini Stefano , Mukli Peter , Ungvari Anna , Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Ungvari Zoltan , Csiszar Anna
Published: February 2025

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as “chemobrain,” significantly affects cancer survivors’ quality of life, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Most chemotherapeutic agents cannot cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), yet they cause central nervous system side effects, suggesting alternative pathways of toxicity. Given that these drugs interact with the cerebrovascular endothelium at their highest concentrations, it is logical to hypothesize that endothelial damage contributes to these effects. Our recent studies demonstrated that paclitaxel-induced cognitive impairment in a mouse model results in a partial BBB disruption and subsequent neuroinflammation, mediated by chemotherapy-induced endothelial senescence. In this pilot study, we used two-photon microscopy to assess BBB permeability in mice receiving a clinically relevant cisplatin regimen, evaluating the leakage of fluorescent dextran tracers of varying molecular weights. Two months post-treatment, cisplatin-treated mice exhibited significantly increased BBB permeability to smaller molecular tracers (40 kDa, 3 kDa, and 0.3 kDa) compared to controls, indicating sustained BBB disruption. These results align with our findings for paclitaxel and suggest that chemotherapy-induced endothelial damage and senescence play a central role in cognitive impairments. Interventions targeting endothelial health could mitigate these long-term effects, improving cognitive outcomes for cancer survivors.
The effect of tele-nursing based motivational interviewing on self-efficacy, self-management and metabolic control parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled study
Authors: İşleyen Eda Kılınç , Özdemir İrem Nur , Yoldemır Şengül Aydın
Published: February 2025

Aim

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of tele-nursing based motivational interviewing on diabetes self-efficacy, self-management, and metabolic control parameters in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

Method

A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. The study was completed with 70 participants (intervention: 36; control: 34). The data were collected using the Socio-demographic and Health Related Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, the Diabetes Self-Management Scale. The intervention group received eight sessions tele-nursing based motivational interviewing. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post-test, 3rd-month), and at 6th-month follow-up. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA.

Results

In the pre-test, there was no difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of independent variables (p > 0.05). Self-efficacy and self-management scores increased in the post-test and follow-up test of the group to which telenursing-based MI was applied, and there was a difference between the groups (p < 0.05). FBG and triglyceride levels of the intervention group decreased significantly in the post-test and follow-up test (FBG = 217.46 ± 73.88, 166.13 ± 50.71, and 161.41 ± 50.50, respectively; triglyceride = 225.28 ± 148.32, 159.68 ± 68.62, and 161.09 ± 73.06, respectively) (p < 0.05). HbA1c% level decreased significantly only in the post-test. However, no significant differences were found in terms of other metabolic parameters (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This result shows the positive effectiveness of tele-nursing based MI intervention on self-efficacy, self-management, HbA1c%, FBG, triglyceride. Public health nurses should be provided with tele-nursing based MI to individuals with type 2 diabetes in primary health care institutions.

Study registration.

The study was registered in ClinicalTrials NCT05628259 (prospective).

Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials.

The study was registered in ClinicalTrials NCT05628259 (prospective). 2023–02-01.
Multi-stakeholder marketing: mapping the field
Authors: Civera Chiara , Casalegno Cecilia , Morelli Brigida , Chiaudano Valentina
Published: February 2025

Multi-stakeholder marketing is growing in importance, both in theory and practice. However, it still appears poorly conceptualized as an integrated discipline, and its applications are untapped. Therefore, this paper delves into such a concept by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) to uncover how multi-stakeholder marketing has evolved, its applications for marketing and societal outcomes, and future research and practical directions. Our findings, overall, reveal a growing consensus among scholars on the importance of engaging diverse stakeholders in marketing value-creation processes, moving from narrow to interconnected relationships. We outline that most studies addressing multi-stakeholder marketing appear in the traditional marketing field rather than the corporate and/or social/green marketing segments. However, they are still dominated by an instrumental perspective that leverages multi-stakeholder engagement to serve pure marketing scopes, such as creating a competitive advantage and leaving social issues aside. While still residual, this represents an advancement in the field, and we argue that traditional marketing strategies should broaden their applications by engaging interconnected stakeholder groups that naturally open the traditional marketing boundaries to society. We provide our conceptualization of multi-stakeholder marketing, including key characteristics, based on observed best practices and arguments, which will serve as a basis to elaborate practically and theoretically in the future.
Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Reveals a Transcriptional Profile Associated with Reduced Radioiodine Avidity
Authors: Condello Vincenzo , Marchettini Carlotta , Ihre-Lundgren Catharina , Nilsson Joachim N. , Juhlin C. Christofer
Published: February 2025

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) and generally has a favorable prognosis. However, subsets of these tumors can metastasize, leading to aggressive disease progression and poorer clinical outcomes. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is routinely given in the adjuvant setting following thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection for WDTC. Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to tumors with high iodine avidity. Early post-surgical classification of thyroid cancers as either iodine-avid or refractory is crucial for enabling more personalized and effective treatment strategies. In this study, we aimed to identify transcriptomic determinants associated with RAI refractoriness (RAI-R) to improve prognostication. We collected clinicopathologic data and conducted RNA-seq on 36 tissue samples (18 high-avidity and 18 low-avidity), each uniquely characterized by ex vivo iodine concentration measurements taken directly from surgical specimens. Whole-transcriptomic analysis identified 63 differentially expressed genes, with six (S100A4, CRTC2, ANO1, WWTR1, DEPTOR, MT1G) showing consistent deregulation. The expression of ANO1, an established iodine transporter at the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cells, correlated significantly with iodine avidity (r = 0.54). Validation via RT-qPCR confirmed differential expression trends. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses highlighted thyroid hormone synthesis, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways as key regulators of RAI avidity. A refined multivariate predictive model incorporating ANO1 mRNA expression, histological subtypes, and sample type demonstrated strong predictive performance (adjusted R
2 = 0.55). These findings suggest ANO1 as a promising biomarker for predicting iodine avidity in thyroid cancer.
The benefits of a school intervention for prosocial behaviour and psychological well-being in early adolescents
Authors: Petruța Ruiu Toiu-Ruiu , Stănculescu Elena
Published: February 2025

Few studies have analysed programmes focused on prosocial behaviour and well-being in early adolescence. This study aims to fill this gap. The main purpose of this research was to investigate a school intervention, comprising 24 sessions conducted over 3 months, to identify the effects on (i) prosocial behaviour, conceptualised as altruistic behaviour and prosocial compliant behaviour, and psychological well-being and (ii) gender differences in all variables, at baseline and post-intervention. Data were collected from a sample of 120 early adolescents (48% males; age range 10–12, M = 11.8, SD = 0.6), 60 enrolled in the experimental group and 60 in the control group. The findings revealed increased altruistic behaviour, prosocial compliant behaviour, and well-being at post-intervention compared to baseline in the experimental group, but no differences in the control group. In addition, no significant gender differences were found at post-intervention in the experimental group; but in the control group, females enacted more helping behaviours than males did. The practical implications for school psychologists and future research directions are discussed.
Estimation of soil liquefaction using artificial intelligence techniques: an extended comparison between machine and deep learning approaches
Authors: Şehmusoğlu Eyyüp Hakan , Kurnaz Talas Fikret , Erden Caner
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of various deep learning (DL) algorithms in predicting soil liquefaction susceptibility. We explore a spectrum of algorithms, including machine learning models such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Logistic Regression (LR), alongside DL architectures like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), Bidirectional LSTMs (BiLSTMs), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). The performance of these algorithms is assessed using comprehensive metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and area under the curve (AUC). Cross-entropy loss is employed as the loss function during model training to optimize the differentiation between liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil samples. Our findings reveal that the GRU model achieved the highest overall accuracy of 0.98, followed by the BiLSTM model with an accuracy of 0.95. Notably, the BiLSTM model excelled in precision for class 1, attaining a score of 0.96 on the test dataset. These results underscore the potential of both GRU and BiLSTM models in predicting soil liquefaction susceptibility, with the BiLSTM model’s simpler architecture proving particularly effective in certain metrics and datasets. The findings of this study could assist practitioners in seismic risk assessment by providing more accurate and reliable tools for evaluating soil liquefaction potential, thereby enhancing mitigation strategies and informing decision-making in earthquake-prone areas. This study contributes to developing robust tools for liquefaction hazard assessment, ultimately supporting improved seismic risk mitigation.
Modelling and understanding regulatory fit
Authors: van Ackere Ann , Larsen Erik R.
Published: February 2025

Understanding how regulatory interventions shape electricity markets is essential. We posit that regulation is a behavioural adaptive process, influenced by internal and external forces. We develop a system dynamics model to explore the interdependencies between regulators' reactivity, their willingness to initiate major regulatory overhauls, and market reactivity. This creates an improved understanding of the behavioural aspects of regulation, thereby putting regulators in a better position to avoid misfits often observed in the regulation of infrastructure.

The model highlights the dilemma regulators face when deciding when and how to intervene. While frequent regulatory changes are detrimental, creating a constant level of uncertainty, opting for fewer, larger, changes increases the volatility of the uncertainty perceived by the market participants. The former seems preferable, with a constant level of moderate uncertainty becoming a new normal: market participants can learn to work in this environment, without having to worry about large unpredictable changes.

This stylised model thus provides a better understanding of the problems facing regulators, both in the electricity sector and in other regulated industries characterised by significant lags between a changing reality and the regulatory consequences.
Adaptable Low-Temperature Resistor Standard Composed of ITO thin Film
Authors: Złotnik Sebastian , Nyga Małgorzata , Morawiak Przemysław , Rzodkiewicz Witold , Bruszewski Patryk , Kojdecki Marek A. , Wróbel Jerzy , Wróbel Jarosław
Published: February 2025

Herein, we present indium tin oxide (ITO) as a promising candidate for developing adaptable standard resistors. The ITO thin-film device structures exhibit an average resistivity of approx. 1.5 × 10–4 Ω ⋅ cm, demonstrating remarkable stability in resistance values over time and showcasing temperature-independent magnetoresistance, making them reliable for various applications. ITO resistor structures were found to be optimal with an area ≥10–7 cm2, without observed additional series resistance. The temperature dependence of resistance values changes by approx. 10% within a broad temperature range of 5–310 K in a predictable and repeatable way. Unlike traditional 2D materials, ITO can be processed without the necessity of a protective layer, facilitating easier integration into electronic circuits. Moreover, ITO demonstrates single-type electron characteristics, without hole-like contributions, being particularly suitable as a charge carrier transport control. Our experimental findings indicate that resistors made of ITO-coated glass thin films present a viable alternative to standard chip-type passive components, which are commonly used in electronic devices. This work highlights the potential of ITO as a durable and flexible material for advanced electronics, enabling the design of next-generation resistive elements that can adapt to varying operational conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Assessment of indoor air quality at a university hospital using CFD and GIS
Authors: Çoşgun A. , Koyun T.
Published: February 2025

Because the air conditioning systems in hospital operating rooms, which are among the most difficult work environments in the healthcare sector, require a certain level of quality in the settings, their installation, operation, maintenance, and design have become an important part of engineering applications. The main functions of these systems are air distribution (air velocity, air flow patterns, flow direction), humidification, and filtering (removal of dust particles, bacteria, viruses, and fungi), and these functions serve to preserve the surgical macro and micro settings and provide the ideal conditions to prevent contamination. The factors that affect the design of ventilation systems in operating rooms include surgical lights, medical equipment, and personnel. Among these factors, thermal loads and the presence of obstacles are particularly important. The design of the air flow patterns in operating rooms is crucial for ensuring air quality and providing patients and surgical team members with a healthy environment. Some situations that affect the performance of ventilation systems in hospitals, especially operating rooms, may be listed as the number of employees, door openings and the associated rate of increase in particle concentrations in the environment, corridors, the frequency at which doors are opened and closed, as well as the air flow rate changing depending on this frequency, and operating room contaminations. In this study, particulate matter (PM) measurements were made for PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, and PM5 concentrations in Operating Room 19 at Akdeniz University Hospital, which is world-famous for face transplants, in Turkey, and these measurements were analyzed using the GIS (geographic information system) method and the ANSYS CFD (computational fluid dynamics) package program. The results were evaluated from an engineering perspective. Accordingly, it was determined that spatial maps of factors that affect indoor air quality, including temperature, humidity, PM, and VOC, could be produced using the GIS method, and the results could be evaluated better using a CFD package program. It is seen that PM distributions in an operating room could be evaluated from an engineering perspective using the GIS and CFD methods together. The unique aspect of the study is the fact that spatial distribution maps of PM reaching an operating table in an operating room were created, and different analysis techniques were used to investigate relevant parameters.
Resisting the Given(s): Enacting Teacher Professional Learning and Development Differently
Authors: Nicoll Antipas Philippa
Published: February 2025

Under the professional obligations set by the Teaching Council of Aotearoa New Zealand, teachers are expected to undertake professional learning and development (PLD). Additionally, both the Teaching Council and the New Zealand Curriculum strongly encourage ‘teaching as inquiry’ as a framework for engaging with PLD. However, PLD can also be used for political purposes, for example to support the current coalition government’s desire for structured approaches to literacy and numeracy. Ministry of Education processes and language around PLD position it as a formal, product-driven event which will lead, linearly, to improved student performance. This narrow view moves away from what literature and research suggest constitutes good teacher PLD and helps establish what is ‘given’ about PLD in Aotearoa New Zealand. Current education policy renders some PLD opportunities more thinkable, sayable, doable than others. This paper examines a possible practice of resistance to the given(s), in the form of teachers playing a collective, board game-like activity. As they play, teachers design their own PLD opportunity—interrupting their own assumptions (their givens) to do so. Through playing the collective activity, teachers enter into a metacognitive space where they co-create knowledge as and for PLD. They co-create a PLD opportunity for themselves and their colleagues, and they expand their knowledge about the possible nature and form of PLD.
Testfilter experiments for defining dissolved organic carbon biodegradation during riverbank filtration at different temperatures
Authors: Zehtabian Elnaz , Rau Cindy , Musche Fabian , Grischek Thomas
Published: February 2025

The aims of this study are to (1) determine the BDOC in Elbe River water to compare with data from former studies, (2) to check the impact of changes in river water temperature (10, 20, and 25 °C). Four columns were filled with vulcanite pumice stone (for minimizing adsorption capacity), each of them having a separate reservoir feed with filtered Elbe River water. The ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (UV254) was determined. DOC concentration was measured after 7, 10, and 14 days. Results represent that the main DOC degradation happens within an effective contact time of 5–7 days. Temperature increasing from 10 to 20 °C, raised the DOC degradation from 19 to 23%. By increasing the temperature to 25 °C, a higher DOC removal was observed than at 10 and 20 °C. This was expected due to higher biological activity at higher temperatures (BDOC increased from 23 to 26%). An increase in temperature by 15 Kelvin signified 30% more UV254 removal, expressing the effect of temperature variation on the attenuation of organic compounds. The difference in UV254 reduction at 25 °C compared to 20 °C was lower. A comparison with old data sets of last 22 years for Elbe River water at 20 °C shows that UV254 reduction (~ 27%) slightly increased but DOC biodegradation rate slightly decreased from ~ 27 to ~ 23%.
Determining Robust Optimal Pumping Solutions in a Heterogeneous Coastal Aquifer Using a Robust Decision-Making Approach and Bargaining Theory to Resolve Multiple Sources of Uncertainty
Authors: Ranjbar Ali , Cherubini Claudia , Baldock Tom
Published: February 2025

This paper analyses the impact of heterogeneity in the horizontal hydraulic conductivity field (
$${K}_{hf}$$
) on the optimal pumping scenarios in a coastal aquifer and presents a multi-objective management framework to select robust optimal scenarios under high levels of uncertainty. Model speed is significantly improved by training an M5 Decision Tree (MDT) algorithm as a fast surrogate model for the density-dependent flow (DDF) in the SEAWAT code. The developed Tree model was linked to a non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGAII) to determine Pareto optimal solutions, with the aim of maximizing total pumping volume and minimizing saltwater intrusion in a real case study, i.e., the Qom-Kahak aquifer, Iran. A linear sensitivity analysis explores the relationship between Pareto curves in response to variations in calibrated values of
$${K}_{hf}$$
to quantify robust scenarios by a robust decision-making technique. Finally, the conflict resolution between minimum saltwater intrusion length, maximum pumping rate and robustness values is solved using a non-cooperative Nash bargaining theory. Results indicate that maintaining discharge from the pumping wells located far from 3 observation points in the case study, especially near the Salt Lake boundary, increases uncertainty in the Pareto solutions, where increasing
$${K}_{hf}$$
by up to 30% of calibrated values induces a maximum 12% shift in the Pareto front for the scenario which led to high saltwater intrusion lengths. Moreover, the non-robust scenario causes the saltwater intrusion
$$\overline{SWI }$$
zone to sharply advance to the area with a large number of pumping wells, while the scenario with high Nash product values led to a relatively uniform salinized zone which satisfies the allowed SWI length in 5 agricultural zones. In total, the developed MDT-NSGAII model is a computationally effective simulation–optimization model to find the Pareto front with 55 decision variables while achieving a 95% reduction in CPU time compared to the SEAWAT-NSGAII technique.
Adsorptive-photocatalytic removal of tetracycline from wastewater by Fe3O4- and SnO2-containing biochar nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Chuchen , Zhao Shuwen , Huang Qilan , Liu Jianqiao , Zhang Qianru
Published: February 2025

Tetracycline poses a major threat to the aquatic environment and human health, and there is an urgent need for a green, efficient and recyclable technological means to remove its negative effects. To address this need, three Fe3O4@SnO2 modified wheat straw biochar nanocomposites with different Fe/Sn content ratios (Fe/Sn = 0.5, Fe/Sn = 1, and Fe/Sn = 2) were prepared by pyrolysis. The adsorption and degradation properties and related mechanisms of Fe3O4@SnO2 modified wheat straw biochar nanocomposites were investigated by adsorption, degradation and free radical quenching experiments, as well as EPR analysis. The removal of tetracycline by Fe3O4@SnO2 modified wheat straw biochar nanocomposites (Fe/Sn = 0.5) at pH 7.0 within 3 h was up to 91.80%, which is in accordance with the quasi-primary kinetic model. Under the interference of inorganic anions and cations, the removal of tetracycline by the composites was not affected by the coexisting ions except Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3
− and CO3
2−. The composites were able to efficiently remove tetracycline from pharmaceutical wastewater with a removal rate of 82.33%. It was found that the composites could be reused at least five times. FTIR, XPS combined with DFT calculations elucidated the mechanism of tetracycline removal by the composites, with •OH and •O2
− being the main substances involved in the photodegradation of tetracycline, the incorporation of manganese dioxide quantum dots enhancing the response to visible light, and the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles resulting in rapid charge transfer and improved spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. The modification measures significantly increased the specific surface area of the biochar and enhanced the adsorption and photocatalytic properties. Based on these studies, the developed nanocomposites provide a new idea for the removal of antibiotics from pharmaceutical wastewater.

Graphical Abstract
The Ramanujan and Sato–Tate Conjectures for Bianchi modular forms
Authors: Boxer George , Calegari Frank , Gee Toby , Newton James , Thorne Jack A.
Published: February 2025

We prove the Ramanujan and Sato–Tate conjectures for Bianchi modular forms of weight at least

$2$

. More generally, we prove these conjectures for all regular algebraic cuspidal automorphic representations of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_2(\mathbf {A}_F)$

of parallel weight, where F is any CM field. We deduce these theorems from a new potential automorphy theorem for the symmetric powers of

$2$

-dimensional compatible systems of Galois representations of parallel weight.
Trends and associated factors of animal source foods consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Bangladesh: evidence from four consecutive national surveys
Authors: Hassan Rafid , Mahbub Md Jarif , Ali Masum , Mbogori Teresia , Amin Md Ruhul
Published: February 2025

Animal source foods (ASF) are nutrient-dense and essential for the growth and development of children. The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022 reported that approximately two-thirds of children aged 6–23 months consumed eggs/flesh foods. However, overall consumption patterns, trends, and factors influencing ASF intake among children in Bangladesh were not well-documented. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the trends and associated factors of ASF consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Bangladesh. A total of 9401 children were extracted from four consecutive BDHS (2011, 2014, 2017/18, and 2022). The Cochran-Armitage test was conducted to assess the trends in ASF consumption, while a two-stage multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to identify the associated factors. The consumption of ASF significantly increased to 79.1% in 2017/18 from 67% in 2011 but decreased to 73.3% in 2022. ASF consumption was found to be higher among children whose mothers were educated (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.30–1.98), employed in either agricultural (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04–1.54) or non-agricultural (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07–1.72) activities, pregnant (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.66–3.87), had received ANC 1–3 times (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.20–1.72) or ≥4 times (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.29–1.95), and was exposed to media (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04–1.39). Furthermore, consumption increased with increasing the age of children, and the wealth of their families. However, children who experienced illness were less likely to consume ASF (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.68–0.86). The recent declines in ASF consumption emphasize the need for targeted interventions to increase ASF consumption among children in Bangladesh.
A Translocal Compromise: Adoption of Anti-corruption Reforms in East Timor
Authors: Reheem Shaila Sapna
Published: February 2025

This article examines what happens when plural normative ideas and arrangements to address an issue reach local settings through transnational networks. Using anti-corruption reforms in East Timor as the lens, I show the diverse normative aspirations of international and local actors involved in transferring and receiving new regulatory arrangements. By proposing compromise as another possible outcome of transnational legal transfers, the study examines how compromises shape the scope and limits of adopted regulations. The anti-corruption reforms case study from East Timor allows us to identify when and how translocal compromises occur, who is part of such compromises, and how they influence the legal transfer and adoption process. Drawing on insights from comparative law, law and society, and regulation studies scholarship, the article provides a bottom-up perspective of transnational legal reforms, illustrating the entanglements of these initiatives with the local politics, conflicts, and power struggles. The findings underscore the need for more qualitative studies on legal transfers where multiple international and local actors are involved, capturing how their power struggles shape the scope and limits of regulatory arrangements that are ultimately adopted. By illustrating the interactions between local, national, and international actors, the article contributes to understanding the complexities, possibilities, and limits of transnational legal reform initiatives in specific contexts.
Educating for Democracy? Going to College Increases Political Participation
Authors: Jensen Andreas Videbæk
Published: February 2025

It is a long-standing view that educational institutions sustain democracy by building an engaged citizenry. However, recent scholarship has seriously questioned whether going to college increases political participation. While these studies have been ingenious in using natural experiments to credibly estimate the causal effect of college, most have produced estimates with high statistical uncertainty. I contend that college matters: I argue that, together, prior effect estimates are just as compatible with a positive effect as a null effect. Furthermore, analyzing two-panel datasets of

$n \approx 10,000$

young US voters, using a well-powered difference-in-differences design, I find that attending college leads to a substantive increase in voter turnout. Importantly, these findings are consistent with the statistically uncertain but positive estimates in previous studies. This calls for updating our view of the education-participation relationship, suggesting that statistical uncertainty in prior studies may have concealed that college education has substantive civic returns.
Alois Musil (1868–1944), the Moravian Lawrence of Arabia: The Question of Coloniality in Central Europe
Authors: Rampley Matthew
Published: February 2025

A recurring issue of debate for scholars of Central Europe has been the extent to which analyses of European colonialism apply to Austria-Hungary and its successor states. This article considers this issue in relation to the theologian, archeologist, and scholar of Arabic culture, Alois Musil (1868–1940). Long celebrated in Austria and Czechoslovakia, he has seldom been subject to critical analysis. A loyal Habsburg subject—and confessor to the Empress Zita until 1918—then an enthusiastic promoter of Czechoslovakia and co-founder of the Institute of Oriental Studies in Prague, Musil was a striking example of how individuals in Central Europe adapted to changing political realities. The article focuses in particular on his attitudes to European colonialism. On the one hand, he was critical of British and Italian colonialism, but he worked to further Habsburg imperial interests in the Middle East. When discussing Japanese ambitions in the 1930s, he emphasized the superiority of European colonial rule. He illustrates the complex stance of many Czechs (and other Central Europeans) toward colonialism. They imagined they were innocent of its taint but were in fact enmeshed in it, often endorsing it or acting as agents of the schemes of the European powers.
Acquisition of Morphological Variation: An Elicitation Experiment on Children’s Production of Parallel Forms in Croatian and Estonian
Authors: Vihman Virve-Anneli , Hržica Gordana , Aigro Mari , Košutar Sara , Bošnjak Botica Tomislava
Published: February 2025

Children’s acquisition of variation in the target language depends on a number of factors not yet well understood. This study probes the acquisition of morphological variation in two unrelated languages, Croatian (Slavic) and Estonian (Finnic), focussing on parallel forms of a lexeme expressing a single grammatical category (a phenomenon known as morphological overabundance). We conducted a cross-linguistic elicitation experiment with 140 monolingual, typically developing children aged 3;0 to 6;11 (80 learning Croatian, 60 Estonian). We elicited genitive plural forms in Croatian and partitive plural in Estonian, with lexemes which either are invariant or allow more than one form. Children in both languages were less accurate with lexemes with parallel forms, indicating that the morphological variation hindered acquisition. Pattern type frequency was found to affect accuracy in both languages. Children’s choice between two parallel forms was unaffected by age, but significant language-specific differences emerged.
Differences in breeding phenology between two geographically separated populations of the ʻuaʻu (Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis)
Authors: Raine A. F. , Driskill S. , Sprague R. , Rothe J. , Caceres G. , Schuetz J. , McFarlin M. , Travers M. S.
Published: February 2025

The ʻuaʻu, or Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis, is an endangered seabird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Genetic, morphometric, and behavioural differences have previously been found between different island populations of the species. Understanding the breeding phenology of different populations of ʻuaʻu is therefore vital for conservation actions targeting the species. To assess breeding phenology of ʻuaʻu on the islands of Kauaʻi and Lānaʻi, two main techniques were used over a 12-year period: direct burrow monitoring and burrow cameras. The breeding phenology of the ʻuaʻu is described based on this data. On Kauaʻi, breeding birds arrive in the middle of April, undergo an exodus of approximately one month, and return to lay in the beginning of June. Incubation continues until early August, followed by chick-rearing, which ends on average two weeks before the chick fledges. Fledging starts in mid-October, peaks in mid-November, and ends in the third week of December. Lānaʻi birds arrive two weeks earlier and fledge one week earlier than on Kauaʻi. On both islands breeding was asynchronous with a 68-day (Kauaʻi) and 48-day (Lānaʻi) gap between first and last fledging birds. Considering phenology data across its entire Hawaiian range, ʻuaʻu first arrive on east Maui, then Lānaʻi, Hawaiʻi Island, and Kauaʻi in that order. These differences in timing presumably reflect and/or reinforce genetic differentiation between subpopulations of the species. The utility of this information is discussed in terms of directing management actions towards key periods of vulnerability to introduced predators, including peak incubation, chick emergence, and chick exercise periods. Description of island-specific phenologies is also critical to inform efforts to rescue fledglings disoriented by artificial light, mitigate powerline collisions, and refine existing monitoring and restoration projects. Future work using acoustic monitoring and data collected at social attraction sites is recommended for assessing the phenology of non-breeders at colonies.
Unveiling Materiality: Investigating Cuneiform Tablet Production Tradition in Egypt through Amarna Tablets
Authors: Mynářová Jana
Published: February 2025

This article examines a frequently overlooked aspect of cuneiform writing in Egypt: the materiality and technology involved in the production of cuneiform tablets, with a particular focus on the process of tablet firing. It is argued that firing was an integral part of tablet production that required learning and practice by the Amarna scribes. The successful firing of tablets to temperatures around 800°C is attributed to the robust and longstanding tradition of tablet manufacture in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, northern Syria and Hazor. In contrast, the lower firing temperatures observed in tablets from Egypt, Alašiya and much of the Levant are associated with the production and firing of cuneiform tablets as a recent technological innovation that required thorough mastery.
The Effectiveness of Codes of Ethics in Labour Relations as a Tool for Preventing Corruption
Authors: Kostohryz Yaroslav O. , Yaroshenko Oleg M. , Hryn Dmytro V. , Shekhovtsov Volodymyr V. , Velychko Larysa Y.
Published: February 2025

Corruption is observed in various processes of human activities, from governance to private life. An important element of preventing corruption is the implementation of codes of ethics, which by the very nature of these codes declare high ethical standards and principles and are consistent with the applicable laws. The effectiveness of codes of ethics in the field of labour relations as a tool for preventing corruption is also reinforced by other auxiliary anti-corruption instruments. The purpose of this article is to determine the role of codes of ethics in shaping corporate culture, outline the importance of ethical principles in labour relations, conduct a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of codes of ethics in the field of labour relations in the framework of corruption prevention, and analyse the application of comprehensive codes of ethics and disciplinary codes as a stimulating tool for the effectiveness of the codes of ethics. As a result, we have drawn conclusions about the importance of using other auxiliary tools alongside codes of ethics to increase efficiency, and in the course of studying the problematic aspects of implementing codes of ethics in the framework of corruption prevention, we have formulated recommendations for their elimination.
Asymmetric facial edema with transdermal fentanyl: when listening to patients and caregivers helps to diagnose
Authors: Simões Carolina , Julião Miguel , Calaveiras Patrícia , Câmara Paula , Bruera Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Dignity Therapy (DT) is a brief psychotherapeutic intervention designed to address the psychosocial and spiritual needs of terminally ill patients. Research demonstrates DT’s efficacy in reducing dignity-related distress and alleviating psychosocial symptoms like depression and anxiety in terminally ill patients. Its application has been extended to non-terminal patients with chronic conditions, mental health challenges, and children nearing the end of life, with promising results. However, the potential for proxy applications, such as posthumous p-DT (p-DT) - conducted by relatives after a patient’s death or on behalf of individuals unable to participate - remains underexplored.

Methods

A case series report that examines three relatives who engaged in posthumous p-DT, highlighting its feasibility and potential benefits.

Results

p-DT seems to benefit families and caregivers, promoting emotional resilience and facilitating grieving.

Significance of results

Findings suggest p-DT may serve as a valuable tool for bereavement support, warranting further research to expand its scope and accessibility.
“You sure feel like you’re alone, kind of flailing away out there”: Family caregiver perspectives of caring for an individual with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Muasher-Kerwin Christy , Baumbach Abby , Liu Yujun , Hughes M. Courtney
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer. Family caregivers of individuals with GBM must navigate a wide range of their care recipients’ physical, cognitive, and psychosocial deficits to provide effective care, which is both mentally and physically demanding. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of family caregivers of GBM patients about the barriers and challenges they encounter when providing care to their care recipients.

Methods

Nineteen current and former family caregivers for individuals with GBM participated in semi-structured interviews from October 2023 through January 2024. We conducted interviews virtually and used applied thematic analysis to code transcripts to determine themes among participant responses.

Results

Three themes emerged from the interview analysis: (1) overwhelming caregiver burden, (2) difficulties coping with the caregiver role, and (3) gaps in caregiver support. These themes demonstrated a significant physical and mental toll on caregivers and a lack of time for engaging in coping strategies. The family caregivers described a lack of resources, minimal education, and limited time with their medical providers left them feeling ill-prepared for their role. Most family caregivers indicated their care recipients did not use rehabilitation services and the family caregivers expressed confusion about hospice and palliative care.

Significance of results

Family caregivers for individuals with GBM desire more straightforward and proactive information and education about their care recipients from their medical providers. There is an opportunity for more utilization of hospice, palliative, and rehabilitation services to provide necessary training to GBM patients and their caregivers.
Soccer Players Risk Heat Stress in World Cup Stadiums
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: February 2025

Rapidly traveling between climate zones, all with different average temperatures, humidities, and oxygen levels, will place additional stress on players, staff, and spectators.
CLDN6 triggers NRF2-mediated ferroptosis through recruiting DLG1/PBK complex in breast cancer
Authors: Qi Da , Lu Yan , Qu Huinan , Dong Yuan , Jin Qiu , Sun Minghao , Quan Chengshi
Published: February 2025

We previously identified CLDN6 as a pivotal tumor suppressor in breast cancer and unexpectedly discovered that overexpression of CLDN6 resulted in characteristic ultrastructural alterations of ferroptosis. However, the exact mechanism by which CLDN6 triggers ferroptosis is still elusive in breast cancer. Our study showed that CLDN6 was associated with ferroptosis in breast cancer patients. The integration of CLDN6 and ferroptosis demonstrated remarkable predictive prognostic performance. We observed that CLDN6 triggers NRF2-mediated ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CLDN6 enhanced nuclear export of NRF2 by regulating the PBK-dependent AKT/GSK3β/FYN axis. Further CLDN6 recruited PBK to the cell membrane through the endosomal pathway and bound with the DLG1/PBK complex, thereby promoted the degradation of PBK by the UPS. This study elucidates the previously unrecognized mechanism of CLDN6 triggering NRF2-mediated ferroptosis through recruiting DLG1/PBK complex. This study provides a reliable biomarker for predicting prognosis and is anticipated to guide the selection of therapies targeting ferroptosis in breast cancer.
Adaptive evolution and early diversification of photonic nanomaterials in marine diatoms
Authors: Ashworth Matt P. , Lam Daryl W. , Lopez-Garcia Martin , Manning Schonna R. , Goessling Johannes W.
Published: February 2025

The discovery of natural slab photonic crystals in diatoms has sparked questions regarding their prevalence and functional role in nature. These advanced nanomaterials open so-called photonic stopbands in two dimensions, enabling precise light manipulation essential in technologies like quantum computing and photonics. However, the natural role of these advanced properties remains a mystery. In this study, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach, combining taxonomic, evolutionary, and photonic property analyses. Using scanning electron micrographs, we examined the girdle elements of the silicon dioxide shell from several hundred diatom species to explore the potential correlation between occurrence of slab photonic crystals and taxonomic relationship. Girdle slab photonic crystals emerged among the oldest diatom classes, with stopband properties covering the visible to mid-infrared spectral range. Square lattice formations emerged first, evolving from quasi-ordered templates, and later diverged into more efficiently packed hexagonal structures. This study shows how photonic nanomaterials developed from quasi order to order over evolutionary trajectories and provides a sustainable inventory of natural slab photonic crystals for application and deeper investigation. Understanding how diatoms utilize these structures can inspire innovative principles for smarter energy management systems as well serve as a model for the evolution of order and symmetry in cellular processes and organization.
Unexpectedly high rate of unrecognized acute kidney injury and its trend over the past 14 years
Authors: Han Lina , Li Hongxiao , Luo Lingfan , Ye Xiaolan , Ren Yan , Xu Zimeng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Li Yiwen , Chen Bin , Zhu Bin , Shao Lina
Published: February 2025

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent yet often overlooked complication. This study examines the incidence, unrecognized rate, and outcomes of AKI in adults at a large public Chinese hospital from 2010 to 2023. AKI rates were calculated, and outcomes were assessed using follow-up records. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for unrecognized AKI. Among 2,790,540 patients, 5,080 met the AKI criteria, with an overall incidence of 0.18% (0.78% in hospitalizations, 0.05% in outpatients). The unrecognized AKI was 76.3%. In this group, 75% were stage 1, 16.7% stage 2, and 8.3% stage 3. Orthopedics had the highest unrecognized rate (94.5%) and ICUs the lowest (55.77%). Unrecognition of AKI improved from 90.3% in 2010–2011 to 70.2% in 2022–2023. AKI stage progression was linked to poorer survival. Patients with recognized AKI recovered faster than those with unrecognized AKI (8.0 vs. 9.0 days, p < 0.001). The mean follow-up time was 15.8 days, with similar rates at 28 and 90 days post-AKI for both groups. Risk factors for unrecognized AKI included lower AKI stage, baseline creatinine, absence of shock/heart disease/hypertension, and non-nephrology/surgery admissions. Non-nephrology physicians’ unfamiliarity with AKI guidelines may contribute to low awareness. Improved early detection and monitoring in high-risk groups are needed.