bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant microfossils from a Jurassic shale of Salt Range, West Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a rich variety of microfossils obtained by maceration from the variegated shale of the Salt Range. The microflora includes several kinds of spores, both winged and unwinged; few megaspore-like bodies; fragments of wood; and several cuticular pieces. The spores are mostly pteridophytic and coniferous, the cycadophytic grains being rare. Among the large number of cuticles considerable proportion are of the Brachyphyllum and Pagiophyllum type, indicating that coniferales were strongly represented in the flora. Others with sinuous epidermal cells and syndetocheil type of stomata, suggesting a Bennettitalean affinity, are least represented.

The spores and pollen grains are described under Naumova's (1937) artificial system. New subgroups have been proposed for spores and pollen grains which do not fit in any of the known subgroups. The microflora as a whole suggests a middle Jurassic age for the variegated shale.
Studies in the Glossopteries flora of India - 3. Plant fossils from the Talchir needle shales from Giridih coalfield
Authors: Surange K.R. , Lele K.M.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes for the first time the occurrence of an interesting micro flora and a few plant impressions obtained during 1955 from the Talchir needle shales (Talchir stage) of the Giridih coalfield, Bihar. Among the microfossils four types of one-winged spores and three types of two-winged spores have been recognized. The plant impressions include Gangamopteris cyclopteroides Fstm., Noeggerathiopsis Hislopi (Bunb.), a Noeggerathiopsis sp. and certain carbonized stems and ?petiole or rachis impressions.

The present findings furnish the first record of fossils from the Talchir needle shales (stage) which was hitherto regarded as unfossiliferous. It also strengthens the belief that the earlier Glossopteris flora was contemporaneous with the Ice Age.
On the fructification of Tricoccites trigonum Rode from the Deccan Intertrappean Series of India
Authors: Chitaley S.D.
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with the investigation of the petrified fructification of Tricoccites trigonum Rode, and redescribes the fruit in as much detail as possible. The present material comes from the village Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara district of the Madhya Pradesh, India, where the Deccan Intertrappeans are exposed.

The previous diagnosis of the genus and the species is emended. The presence of several ensheathing leaves probably enclosing the fructification is of great interest since their structure resembles most that of Cyclanthodendron Sahnii (Rode) Sahni & Surange. The affinities of fruit are discussed but left open. Points of resemblances are noted to Pandanaceae and certain Palmae, e.g. Attalea, a 3-locular, 3-seeded drupe, However, it agrees with no existing genus and its classification must remain open until more is learnt.
Contributions to our knowledge of the Deccan Intertrappean flora
Authors: Rao A.R.
Published: September 2022

Some microsporocarps of Azolla intertrappea Sahni & Rao, H. S. and a dicotyledonous root found in a silicified block from the Deccan Intertrappean beds (Eocene) are described. The silicified dicotyledonous root with secondary growth and pentarch primary xylem is referred to a new form genus Dicotylirhizos and put under a new species -D. sahnii.
Studies on the fossil flora of the Jabalpur series from the South Rewa Gondwana basin - 2. Onychiopsis paradoxus n. sp.
Authors: Bose M.N. , Dev Sukh
Published: September 2022

Both sterile and fertile pinnules of Onychiopsis paradoxus n.sp. have been described here. Sterile pinnules are irregularly wedge-shaped and are mostly lobed. Fertile pinnules are elliptical and have numerous smooth-walled trilete spores.

In the light of the present findings the affinities of the genus Onychiopsis Yokoyama have been further discussed.
Psygmophyllopsida, one of the fundamental pteridophytic divisions (Phyla)
Authors: Nemejc F.
Published: September 2022

In this article the establishment of a fourth pteridophytic phylum the Psygmophyllopsida is explained. The Devonian Barrandeina Pot. Et Bern., Duisbergia Kr. et W., Jenisseiphyton Anan., Haspia Kr. et W. and similar types are attributed hereto. The Devonian Cladoxylineae, the Carboniferous Noeggerathiineae as well as the recent Psilolineae are regarded as special pteridophytic evolutionary trends, arisen directly out of this group. The pteridophytic phylum Sphenopsida (Articulatineae) as well as the gymnospermic phyla Cordailopsida, Ginkgopsida and Coniferopsida are regarded as major evolutionary lines arisen too of this phylum.
Palmoxylon Eocenum sp.nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

A new species of petrified palm stems, Palmoxylon eocenum is described here from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari. Only a few fossil plants are so far known from this locality.
On two fossil dicotyledonous woods from South Rewa, Central India
Authors: Saksena Shivdayal
Published: September 2022

Two specimens of silicified fossil woods, one from Ghiar and the other from Kathotia in the South Rewa Gondwana basin, Central India, are described. The two woods resemble each other considerably. These are compared to several families of the present times to which they make nearest approach, but when coming to details, it is difficult to assign them to any definite genus of any family with which they are compared. But they are comparable to the nearest degree to Celastraceae and so they have been kept provisionally under this family in a newly created genus Gondwanoxylon, with two separate species G. ghiarii gen. et sp. nov. and G. kathotiai gen. et sp. nov. These woods come from an area which is generally referred to Upper Cretaceous age. The structure of these woods shows that the climatic conditions in those times were fairly uniform.
Fossil woods of Leguminosae from Tertiary rocks of the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India
Authors: Navale G.K.B.
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes the structural details of the three new fossil woods collected near Pondicherry. The fossil woods show affinities with the modern 'woods of the family Leguminosae. The new forms are Acacioxylon bharadwajii sp. nov., Pahudioxylon arcotense sp. nov. and Caesalpinioxylon felexii sp. nov.
An unusual "Stone circle" structure in fossilized wood
Authors: Beals H.O.
Published: September 2022

The occurrence of unusual circular objects has been noted in a piece of fossilized wood assigned to the genus Sequoia in the Taxodiaceae. The wood has been replaced by white, translucent opal and is of such a nature to permit maceration of the cells.

Circular rings were observed in many areas of the wood. They seemed to have no relation to any normal structure of the wood, i.e. bordered pits. They occur on the radial surface of the tracheids.

Comparison was made with known objects of similar appearance occurring in rocks including oolites, lithophysae, and granules. None of the above features could be definitely considered as comparable to the circles in the fossilized wood because of the method of formation and appearance.
Ailanthoxylon pondicherriense sp.nov. from Tertiary beds of the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry, India
Authors: Navale G.K.B.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the structural details of a new fossil dicotyledonous wood. The anatomical characters of the fossil reveal its resemblances with the modern wood of Ailanthus belonging to the family Simaroubaceae.
Fossil wood resembling Elaeocarpus and Leea from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari near Nagpur
Authors: Prakash U. , Dayal R.
Published: September 2022

In this paper are described two new fossil woods from the Deccan Intertrappean Series at Mahurzari (21º13’N; 79º1’ E) near Nagpur in Maharashtra state. These have been assigned to two new genera, Elaeocarpoxylon and Leeoxylon because of their strong resemblance with the modern woods of Elaeocarpus L. and Leea L. respectively.
Studies on the Upper Gondwana of Kutch- 2. Isoetaceae
Authors: Bose M.N. , Roy S.K.
Published: September 2022

Two species of Isoetites Muenster form the subject of this paper. One of them, I. serratifolius n. sp., is based on impressions of detached leaves with prominent serrations and is devoid of spore. The other I. indicus is preserved in the form of incrustation having only the basal regions of the sporophylls forming a sort of rosette, each sporophyll with numerous megaspores.
Mesuoxylon arcotense gen. et. sp. nov., A fossil dicotyledonous wood from the Tertiary of South Arcot District, Madras, India
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

A new fossil wood has been described from the Tertiary rocks of Mortandra (Murattandichavadi) in the South Arcot district, Madras. The fossil shows close resemblance with the wood of the modern genus Mesua of the Guttiferae.
On the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in North-West India
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

The problem of the delimitation of the boundary in the N.W. India is discussed in the light of the recent developments in the concept of demarcating this critical horizon. The suggested position of this boundary is largely based upon the biological evidence with subsequent climatic indication. The boundary is not found to be synchronous with the glacial epoch, rather it precedes it. The paper suggests the placing of the boundary at the base of the Pinjor stage in the Upper Siwaliks and towards the bottom of stratigraphical zone 1 (after De Terra and Paterson) of the Lower Karewas.
Saccate pollen grains from the Lower Triassic of Hallstatt, Austria
Authors: Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

A dispersed miospore assemblage consisting of 8 miospore genera and 19 species is described from a shale of Werfen, Hallstatt, Austria. 6 species are new. Saccate pollen grains, the only constituents of this miofiora are abundantly represented. The predominant occurrence of Luekisporites (Pot. & Kl.) Potonie and Gigantosporites Klaus appears to be very characteristic for this assemblage. A brief comparison of the present miofiora with comparable ones has been given.
On the organization of Spencerisporites Chaloner and Endosporites Wilson & Coe with remarks on their systematic position
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C.
Published: September 2022

The organisation of Spencerisporites and Endosporites has been discussed and shown to be similar to that of other zonate trilete spores but for the development of the saccus which is different from the saccus of Gymnosperms in origin and morphography. These genera and Gondisporites Bharad. (1962), together with their infraturma Saccizonati Bharadwaj (1957), have been placed in Zonales (B. & K) Pot. & Kr. Emended diagnosis of Endosporites has given.
Studies in the Glossopteris Flora of India - 20. Noeggerathiopsis and allied remains from the Karharbari beds Giridih Coalfield, India
Authors: Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

The genera Noeggerathiopsis Feistmantel and Euryphyllum Feistmantel are described from the Karharbari beds, Giridih Coalfield, with some remarks on their systematic position.
An introduction to a scaninavian pollen flora Vol-II by Erdtman, G
Authors: Singh Gurdip
Published: September 2022

NA
Living and fossil algae and fungi, formerly known as structural parts of marine bryozoans
Authors: Elias Maxim K.
Published: September 2022

Some bryozoans (Ectoprocta) appear to be infested by symbiotic to parasitic algae and fungi. Filamentous Red alga boring into the recent Heteropora pelliculata has been apparently previously considered as "denticles" and "prolongations" (in cyclostome Entalophora proboscidea: Canu & Bassler, 1920, after Pergens). It is described as conchocelis phase of Porphyra drewae, sp. nov. (of Bangiales).

Rare blue-green colored fungus infests zooecia in the recent Heteropora neozelanica, and is described as Monoblepharis (?) thalassinosus sp. nov. A more abundant fungus in this same bryozoan is described as Heterosporimyces spinose, gen. et sp. nov., and still another, rare fungus in it. is tentatively classified as Ordovicimyces recensis, sp. nov. The genus Ordovicimyces is introduced for the transitional algo-fungus O. gallowayi, gen. et sp. nov., abundant in the ordovician trepostomatous bryozoan Nicholsonella cornula. In this same bryozoan occurs also a rare Blue-Green colonial alga named Prochamaesiphon cumingsi, gen. et sp. nov.

A fairly abundant fungus Propythium carbonarium, gen. et sp. nov occurs in the upper carboniferous bryozoan "Batostomella" polyspinosa, where also occurs rare Prochamaesiphon geitleri, gen. et sp. nov., and Prochmamaesiphon (?) sp.
A revision of Rajmahalia
Authors: Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

A re-interpretation of Rajmahalia paradoxa Sahni & Rao forms the basis of this paper. Also, under Rajmahalia the genus Ontheostrobus Ganju (1947) has now been included.
The fossil flora of the Grey Limestones of Veneto northern Italy, and its relationships to the other European floras of similar age
Authors: Wesley Alan
Published: September 2022

The magnificent fossil flora of the Venetian Alps, in rocks of Jurassic age, includes a rich assemblage of bennettitalean, pteridosperm and conifer remain. Pteridophytes and the Caytoniales are also represented, but it is extremely doubtful that the Ginkgoales formed part of the flora. In this latter respect, the Italian flora is easily distinguished from the majority of other European floras of a similar age in which the Gingkoales usually forms a conspicuous element.

It is also remarkable for the presence of Phyllotheca, a genus usually considered as confined to the former Gondwana continent. This unusual occurrence of a typically southern element on the modern European continent, north of the Mediterranean Sea, considered together with certain geological data, is suggestive that the present location of the fossil flora may be different from that where it actually grew in Jurassic times.
Occurrence of Boswellia in the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Keria, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Dayal R.
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes in detail the anatomy of a fossil dicotyledonous wood, Boswellioxylon indicum Dayal (1964), from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Keria (21° 59” 40’ N; 79° 10”15’ E) in Madhya Pradesh. In all anatomical details the fossil wood resembles the modern genus Boswellia Roxb. of the family Burseraceae.
Some plant remains from the Tertiary of Hungary
Authors: Rasky Klara
Published: September 2022

The plant remains from the Upper Eocene deposits of Budapest-Óbuda consist of the following new genera of Euphorbiaceae: Agrostistachyophyllum tomharrisi, Alchorneaephyllum chandleri, Baliosperrnaphyllum kraeuseli and Codiaeophyllum palaeovariegatum. A new combination - Alchorneaephyllum grambasti (Rásky) - is proposed for the leaf remains described previously under the name Sloaneaephyllum grambasti Rasky (1962). Carpolithus alchorneaefarmis sp. nov. is also described from the same locality. From the younger Tertiary tuff deposits at Ipolytarnoc, North Hungary, is identified Omphateaephyllum weylandi gen. et sp. nov.

These fossil remains, genera and species show close resemblance with the living members of Crotonoideae group of the Euphorbiaceae (emend. Pax & Hoffmann, 1931).
A preliminary sporological analysis of some coals from Talcher Coalfield, India
Authors: Navale G.K.B. , Tiwari R.S.
Published: September 2022

Sporological analysis of some coals from Nandira and South Belanda Mines of Talcher Coalfield, Orissa, India, has been done and miospores have been assigned to 33 genera. A generic quantitative analysis has revealed that Parasaccites, is a dominant genus while Faunipollenites, Punctatisporites, Striatopodocarpites, Sulcatisporites and Apiculatisporis are fairly well represented genera. This assemblage has been compared with those from some of the other beds of Lower Gondwana of India.
Some observations of the genus Contignisporites Dettmann 1963
Authors: Singh H.P. , Kumar Pramod
Published: September 2022

Contignisporites Dettm. is represented by 6 species in the coals of the Jabalpur Series (Lower Cretaceous, India) out of which 2 species. i.e., C. psilatus sp. nov. and C. dettmannii sp. nov. have been proposed new. Both the new species are distinct from others by having the equatorial region of each contact face and the interradial polar exine free from sculpture although some specimens of C. dettmannii sp. nov. possess some inconspicuous features, viz. muri-like elevations on the proximal face of the central body. Such forms seem to bridge the gap between those which either have proximally laevigate or sculptured exines. Also, the circumscription of Contignisporites has been enlarged in this paper to include a diverse variety of forms ranging from proximally laevigate to sculptured exines in varying degree.
Studies in the glossopteris flora of India - 28. On some fossil woods from the Raniganj stage of the Raniganj coalfield, Bengal
Authors: Maheshwari H.K
Published: September 2022

The present paper contains a description of some fossil woods from the Raniganj stage in the eastern sector of the Raniganj coalfield, Bengal. One new genus, viz. Damudoxylon has been instituted and three genera, viz. Trigonomyelon Walton, Megaporoxylon Krausel and Kaokoxylon Krausel are being reported for the first time from India.
Pteridophytic Remains from Kutch and Kathiawar, India
Authors: Roy S.K.
Published: September 2022

Equisetum rajmahalense (Oldh. & Morr.) Feistm., Matonidium goepperti (Ettingsh.) Schenk, Phlebopteris sp., Weichselia reticulata (Stokes & Webb) Ward, Cladophlebis kathiawarensis sp. nov., Cladophlebis sp. cf. C. longipennis Sew., Onychiopsis psilotoides (Stokes & Webb) Ward, Sphenopteris specifica (Feistm.) comb. nov. and Sphenopteris sp. cf. S. hymenophylloides Brogn. collected from the various localities in Kutch and Kathiawar form the subject of this paper.
A fossil Resembling Pediastrum from the Barren Measures Sequence of Jharia Coalfield, Bihar, India
Authors: Kar R.K.
Published: September 2022

A fossil resembling Pediastrum from the Barren Measures Sequence (Permian) of Jharia Coalfield, Bihar, is described. It is compared with the other known fossil Pediastrum and also with the extant forms.
Studies in the Glossopteris Flora of India - 35. On two new Fossil Plants from the Ganjra Nalla Beds, South Rewa Gondwana Basin
Authors: Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

Two new species, one of Gangamopteris and one of Palmatophyllites are described from the Ganjranalla beds. South Rewa Gondwana Basin.
Studies in the Glossopteris Flora of India - 36. Plant Fossils from Barren Measures Succession of Jharia Coalfield, Bihar, India
Authors: Kar R.K.
Published: September 2022

Plant fossils belonging to the Barren Measures Succession of Jharia Coalfield have been described. These are Cyclodendron leslii, Equisetaceous stems, Sphenopteris hughesii, Glossopteris communis, G. indica, G. decipiens, G. browniana and G. ampla. The present assemblage has also been compared with the other known ones from Barren Measures Succession.
Lower Mesozoic Megaspores from the Variegated Stage of Salt Range (W. Pakistan)
Authors: Sah S.C.D. , Jain K.P.
Published: September 2022

A megaspore assemblage, recovered from the Variegated Stage of Nammal Gorge, Salt Range (W. Pakistan), has been described. The assemblage is characterized by the presence of Banksisporites sinuosus Dettmann, Nathorstisporites hoplificus Jung, N. reticulatus Dettmann, N. nammalensis sp. nov., Nathorstisporites peltasticus Jung, Minerisporites sp. and Hughesisporites novus sp. nov. The Salt Range megaspore flora shows closest affinity with the Rhaetic-Liassic megaspores from South Australia and Tasmania. The Jurassic profile in the Nammal Gorge Section of the Variegated Stage are considered by some geologists to range from Middle to Upper Jurassic while others think they may range from Lower to Middle Jurassic. However, the evidence of the megaspore assemblage described here tends to support a Lower Jurassic (Liassic) age for the two lowermost beds of the Variegated Stage of the Nammal Gorge Section.
Carboniferous spores and pollen from the Calareti zone of the Moesian platform, Bumania
Authors: Venkatachala B.S. , Beju D. , Kar R.K.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the systematic description of spores and pollen from 3 shale samples of a boring in Calareti zone situated S.E. of Bucharest, Rumania. The palynological fosoils have been assigned to 44 genera and 75 species of dispersed spores and pollen.
Crossotheca urbani sp. nov., a male fructification from the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian series, Verdigris formation) of Missouri, U.S.A.
Authors: Cridland Arthur A. , Darrah Elsie L.
Published: September 2022

Crossotheca urbani Cridland & E. L. Darrah is described from the Verdigris Formation, Desmoinesian Series, Pennsylvanian of Missouri, U.S.A. In general aspects, this species resembles C. sagittata and C. boulayi but the laminate fertile regions of the pinnules are ovoid to oblong. Two rows of corrugated impressions on the pinnules are taken to represent sporangia. Sterile foliage is unknown. The species is known only from the holotype, a specimen preserved in an ironstone nodule, which was studied by a plastic transfer technique.
Palynology of the Mesozoic sediments of Kutch, w. India - 3. Morphological study and revision of the spore genus Trilobosporites Pant ex Potonie, 1956
Authors: Venkatachala B.S. , Kar R.K. , Raza S.
Published: September 2022

Trilobosporites Pant ex Pot., 1956is here restricted to valvate spores of the type exemplified in the type species T. hannonicus (Delc. & Sprum.) Pot. Avalvate spores with various ornamentation and with concentration of sculptural elements at the angular apices are here included under a new generic name Impardecispora.
Palmoxylon cordatum, a new species of petrified palm stems from the Deccan Intertrappean Series of India
Authors: Trivedi B.S. , Surange S.R.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Palmoxylon, P. cordatum from the Deccan Intertrappean Series is described here. In this species the dermal region is clearly distinguishable into outer crowded and inner less crowded regions. Elongated parenchyma is present on the ventral side of fibrovascular bundles of the less crowded dermal region. Median sinus of bundles is cordate. Fibrous bundles and stegmata are present. In the roots, fibrous and medullary bundles are absent. It is comparable to P. surangei Lakhanpal and P. sclerodermum Sahni & Shukla, of the sub-group cordata.
Two miospore assemblages from the Argada sector south Karanpura coalfield, Bihar, with remarks on their probable age
Authors: Lele K.M. , Kulkarni Shaila
Published: September 2022

Two miospore assemblages from the South Karanpura Coalfield are for the first time systematically described. Of these, one is from the shale associated with the Argada 'S' seam; and the other is from another shale about 70 feet above the Argada 'S' seam. The present study throws some light on the controversial question whether the basal coal-bearing beds including the Argada 'S ' seam of this area belong to the Karharbaris or the Barakars.
Microstructure of woody lignite from Darrang district area, Assam, India
Authors: Pareek H.S.
Published: September 2022

The microstructural details of woody lignite from the Darrang district area in Assam have been studied; the lignite is derived from the secondary wood of a dicotyledonous angiosperm. Xylinite and resinite (brown and yellow resins) are the main petrological constituents. The common occurrence of resins accounts for the high volatile content of the lignite. Films of clayey matter occupy the fracture and joint planes and account for the variable proportion of ash content. Sulphur is low, which indicates formation of the lignite in conditions other than marine.
A new fossil wood resembling the genus Parinarium of the family Rosaceae from the Tertiary of South India
Authors: Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

A fossil wood collected from near the villages Murattandichavadi and Kasipalayam, about 8-10 km. W.N.W. of Pondicherry is described. In all the anatomical characters it resembles the wood of the genus Parinarium of the Rosaceae. It is placerl under the genlls Parinarioxylon Pfeiffer & Van Heurn., and named as Parinarioxylon cuddalorense sp. nov.
Some "Acritarchs" and other microfossils from Barakar stage of Lower Gondwanas, India
Authors: Singh Veena
Published: September 2022

Some microfossils of uncertain affinities have been described from the Barakar Stage of Lower Gondwanas India. It has been found suitable to include these microfossils under the group "Acritarcha ". A total of 9 genera and 15 species have been described out of which one genus and 7 species are new. A new subgroup Reticulosphaeromorphitae has been instituted to accommodate alete microfossils with reticulum on both faces.
Palynological distinction between Upper Permian and Lower Triassic in Raniganj coalfield, Bengal, India
Authors: Kar R.K.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the palynological boundary between Raniganj (Upper Permian) and Panchet (Lower Triassic) in Raniganj coalfield, West Bengal, India. A good number of surface and subsurface samples have been investigated from Raniganj and North Karanpura coalfields, Bihar. It has been observed that in Upper Raniganj stage the palynological assemblage is dominated by striate bisaccate like Strotersporites, Siriatopiceites and Striatites while trilete and monolete are subdominant and mostly represented by Apiculatisporis, Lophotriletes and Laevigatosporites. In Panchet, however, the trilete is dominant while striate bisaccate is only frequently met with. The trilete genera like Decisporis, Divaripunctites and Dictyophyllidites which are absent in Raniganj are dominant in Panchet. Strotersporites, Striatopiceites and Striatites though present in Panchet are never found in abundance.
Miofloral investigations in some coals of Talcher coalfield (Orissa) India
Authors: Srivastava S.C.
Published: September 2022

The present paper contains a systematic description of miospore assemblage recovered from the Lower Gondwana Coals of Talcher coalfield. The mioflora has been referred to 36 genera and 71 species out of which 11 species are new. The new species have been described and illustrated and bimetric analyses of the morphographic characters, wheresoever necessary, have been done.
Some fungal remains from the Tertiaries of Kerala coast
Authors: Jain K.P. , Gupta R.C.
Published: September 2022

The present paper incorporates some fungal remains recovered from the carbonaceous clay, Padappakara, Quilon, Western Ghat, India. The main constituents of the present fungal assemblage are microthyriaceous and Chytridialean remains, described under different taxa. The epiphyllous microthyriaceous fruiting bodies are viz. Parmathyrites gen. nov., Paramicrothallites gen. nov., Notothyrites Cookson, Callimothallus Dilcher and Phragmothyrites Edward whereas Entophlyctis willoughbyi Bradley embraces the Chytrid-sporangia. Apart from these a few other types of fungal bodies, viz. Diploneurospora tewarii gen. et sp. nov., Quilonia typica gen. et sp. nov. and Microthyriacites Cookson have also been reported.
Fossil woods from the Tipam sandstones near Hailakandi, Assam
Authors: Prakash U. , Tripathi P.P.
Published: September 2022

Fossil woods resembling those of Diospyros-Maba and Anisoptera are described here from Tipam sandstones near the town of Hailakandi district Cachar, Assam. These woods are noteworthy owing to their fine structural preservation and from the standpoint of their palaeogeographical distribution. Although Diospyros-Maba is presently found in the region of Assam, no Anisoptera now grows in India proper.
Some ferns from the Lower Cretaceous of Madhya Pradesh-1
Authors: Dev Sukh
Published: September 2022

Fossil plants of the families Gleicheniaceae (Gleichenia nordenskioldii) and Matoniaceae (Phlebopteris polypodioides) are described here together with an unclassified fern Weichselia reticulata from the Lower Cretaceous (Jabalpur Stage) of Bansa and its neighbouring areas of the Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh.
Glottolepis rugosa gen. et sp. nov. from Triassic beds of Nidpur
Authors: Bose M.N. , Srivastava S.C.
Published: September 2022

Glottolepis rugosa gen. et sp. nov. is based on some tongue shaped scale-leaves collected from Nidpur, Sidhi district, Madhya Pradesh. The cuticle of G. rugosa is very tough and is hypostomatic. Stomata are sparsely distributed and concentrated more towards base.

Fossil woods resembling those of Calophyllum, Shorea, Gluta-Melanorrhoea, Cynometra, AfzeliaIntsia and Terminalia are described here from the Tertiary of Assam and NEFA. They were collected from the beds of Buri-Dihing River near Jaipur and Namsang River at Deomali.
Glossopteris and Gangamopteris species from south Karanpura coalfield
Authors: Kulkarni Shaila
Published: September 2022

Four species of Gangamopteris and some species of Glossopteris have been described from the shales about 70 feet above Argada 'S' Seam. The dominance of Gangamopteris indicates the Karharbari age. Twelve species of Glossopteris, out of which three are new, have been described from the shales of Argada Seam, Lower Nakkari seam and Upper Nakkari Seam. Glossopteris fusa sp. nov. is distinguished by the evanescent nature of midrib and closely spaced elongate meshes of equal size. Glossopteris barakarensis sp. nov. is distinguished by a petiolate leaf and closely spaced, more or less straight secondary veins which "form narrow polygonal meshes. Glossopteris karanpurensis sp. nov. is distinguished by its large size, arched secondary veins, which run straight to the margin and form open, hexagonal meshes of equal size.
Physicochemical Evaluation of Herbal Ingredients and their Benefit on Lipstick Formulation: A Review
Authors: Adlawan Mr. , G. Rheanne , G. Delanto, Alyanna Nessa Marie , A. Obeja, Krysyl Ann , R. Solorin, Meeka , Tajos Mr. , N. Elyza Jane , Padilla Mr. , A. Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

Significant progress has been made in the discovery and implementation of novel, effective delivery systems for cosmeceuticals and cosmetics. Because herbal products are becoming more and more popular, a wider range of color tones, textures, and gloss variations are now accessible. Data from several researches were gathered to evaluate herbal lipstick that uses herbal ingredients in an effort to lessen any potential harmful effects produced by synthetic substances. Herbs are more productive and effective than other synthetic and artificial products. It was shown that the formulation of herbal lipstick was better and had fewer negative effects. This paper aims to identify the ingredients used on lipstick formulation and to determine their impact on the formulation.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 17 No. 9
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: September 2022

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 17 No. 9
Bibliografía sobre Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo (1975-2011)
Authors: Gutiérrez Sebástián Raquel , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Borja
Published: September 2022

En este texto se presenta la bibliografía empleada sobre Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo.
Rancang Bangun Pembelajaran Online Sistem Operasi Windows 7 dengan HTML 5
Authors: Wong Ng Poi , Hardy Hardy , Riche Riche
Published: September 2022

Website yang ada saat ini umumnya dibangun menggunakan tag ?¢â?¬â?? tag dalam HTML 4.1, dimana HTML 4.1 belum mendukung tampilan audio dan video, tetapi audio dan video dapat dilihat dan didengar dengan adanya aplikasi tambahan sesuai dengan keperluan. HTML 5 dikembangkan W3C yang telah mendukung audio dan video pada website tanpa harus tergantung pada aplikasi tambahan. Pada penulisan ini, penulis mengimplementasikan pembelajaran sistem operasi windows 7 di dalam website yang akan dibangun, dan penulis menggunakan metodologi waterfall, yang dimulai dengan tahap pendefinisian kebutuhan, analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, pengkodean website, dan pengujian. Pada pengkodean website, penulis menggunakan actionscript untuk merancang konten dari website yang akan dibangun. Dari hasil rancang bangun website pembelajaran ini, diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat untuk mengenal dan mengoperasikan sistem operasi windows 7 secara mendasar dengan mudah.
Softswitch sebagai Peluang Efisiensi Jaringan Masa Depan
Authors: Damanik Florida Nirma Sanny
Published: September 2022

Softswitch mampu menjawab kekurangan jaringan PSTN dalam hal biaya dan fasilitas serta merupakan sebuah teknologi yang mendigitalisasi data suara ke dalam paket-paket data untuk ditransmisikan melalui jaringan komputer memanfaatkan Internet Protocol (IP). ??? Softswitch dapat dibangun dengan menggunakan aplikasi-aplikasi yang bersifat freeware, seperti X-Lite. Untuk menguji kualitas suara, kita dapat menganalisis ??? delay, jitter, dan, packet loss. Walaupun menggunakan aplikasi-aplikasi yang bersifat freeware, secara umum Softswitch yang telah dibangun dapat beroperasi dengan baik serta memiliki kualitas suara yang memuaskan.
Data Mining : Masa Lalu, Sekarang, dan Masa Mendatang
Authors: Purba Ronsen
Published: September 2022

Data mining telah menjadi disiplin ilmu yang dibangun dalam domain kecerdasan buatan (AI), dan rekayasa pengetahuan (KE). Data mining berakar pada machine learning dan statistika, tetapi merambah bidang lain dalam ilmu komputer dan ilmu lainnya seperti biologi, lingkungan, finansial, jaringan dan sebagainya. Data mining telah mendapatkan begitu besar perhatian pada dekade terakhir sehubungan dengan perkembangan hardware yang menyediakan kemampuan komputasi luar biasa yang memungkinkan pengolahan data besar. Tidak seperti kajian lain dalam???  AI dan KE, data mining dapat diperdebatkan sebagai sebuah aplikasi dibandingkan dengan sebuah teknologi, dengan demikian diharapkan akan menjadi topik yang hangat dibahas di masa mendatang, mengingat pertumbuhan data yang bersifat eksponensial. Paper ini memberikan kilas balik perjalanan sejarah data mining, keadaan saat ini dan beberapa pandangan dan perkembangan ke depan.
Aplikasi Metode Steganography pada Citra Digital dengan Menggunakan Metode LSB (Least Significant Bit)
Authors: Noertjahyana Agustinus , Hartono Samuel , Gunadi Kartika
Published: September 2022

Saat ini pengiriman data telah banyak dilakukan melalui media digital (Internet, E-mail, dan sebagainya). Data yang dikirim melalui media digital tersebut bisa berupa data yang penting, sehingga muncul permasalahan pada saat pengiriman data yaitu terkait dengan keamanan data. Terlebih lagi apabila data yang dikirimkan merupakan data yang bersifat rahasia. Untuk itulah muncul pemikiran bagaimana data dapat dikirimkan secara aman dalam artian data tidak bisa dibaca secara langsung atau bahkan tidak bisa diganti. Citra digital adalah salah satu media yang paling umum dikenal oleh masyarakat. Steganography adalah suatu metode cryptography, yang digunakan untuk menyembunyikan data ke dalam citra digital sehingga data yang dikirimkan tidak dapat diidentifikasi oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab.Pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode LSB (Least Significant Bit). Data akan di segmentasikan pada beberapa citra digital sehingga memungkinkan pengiriman data dengan ukuran yang besar. Dengan mengembangkan metode steganography maka pengiriman data yang dilakukan tidak hanya memiliki tingkat keamanan yang baik, namun juga memiliki efisiensi dalam proses penyembunyian data???  yangcukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 30%. ???
Prototipe Situs Web Pemberitaan Entertainment
Authors: Damanik Erikson
Published: September 2022

Informasi merupakan kebutuhan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat sekarang. Oleh karena itu pemberitaan menjadi hal penting di dalam penyebaran dan menghasilkan informasi yang dibutuhkan termasuk di dunia entertainment. Banyak masyarakat menaruh perhatian besar kepada dunia hiburan dan aktivitas-aktivitas di dalamnya. Pada awalnya pemberitaan hanya terdapat di media cetak seperti surat kabar dan majalah. Namun, pada perkembangannya kegiataan pemberitaan mulai merambah ke media elektronik dan kemudian media online. Bahkan, sekarang pemberitaan sudah masuk ke era mobile dan semakin berkembang penggunaannya, kegiatan pemberitaan melalui media online khususnya di bidang entertainment, setelah melihat entertaiment yang ada dan dilakukan analisis serta merancang sebuah sistem pemberitaan online yang dapat berjalan di 2 aplikasi yaitu, aplikasi desktop dan aplikasi mobile berbasis Android.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Project Time Management Berbasis Cloud Computing
Authors: Halim Arwin
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah meningkatkan kebutuhan terhadap informasi. Informasi yang up-to-date dengan dukungan teknologi internet telah menjadi bagian penting dalam menjalankan aktivitas. Tren aplikasi yang sedang berkembang adalah aplikasi yang diakses secara berkelompok atau sosial. Aplikasi project time management merupakan salah satu contoh aplikasi yang digunakan secara berkelompok, dan menjadi media monitoring dan kontrol proyek. Penentuan jadwal, progress pelaksanaan, dan penyelesaian masalah yang terjadi, memiliki tujuan untuk menyelesaikan proyek tepat waktu. Aplikasi project time management memiliki ketergantungan terhadap waktu (realtime), sehingga memerlukan dukungan sistem yang tinggi dan dalam implementasinya memerlukan biaya yang mahal. Salah satu solusinya adalah membangun aplikasi dengan model cloud computing yang telah memanfaatkan kemampuan infrastruktur penyedia layanan, sehingga pengembang dapat menghasilkan layanan yang bersifat scalable dan fault tolerant. Aplikasi penelitian dirancang menggunakan UML diagram dan menghasilkan aplikasi web project time management dengan cloud platform dari Google. Pada penjadwalan, gantt-chart digunakan sebagai alat untuk merepresentasikan jadwal proyek dan actual progress untuk setiap aktivitas tim, serta PERT digunakan untuk memperkirakan waktu penyelesaian proyek dalam usaha pengontrolan dari segi waktu, sehingga manajer proyek dapat dengan cepat memberi instruksi ketika terjadi permasalahan.
Pedoman Kerja Berbasis Struktur Organisasi
Authors: Siagian Hanny
Published: September 2022

Kehadiran struktur organisasi mutlak ada didalam suatu kegiatan bisnis dan menjadi komponen penting dari manajemen organisasi.???  Kadang kala struktur organisasi yang disusun hanya sekedar pajangan saja sehingga implementasinya dapat mengacaukan pekerjaan di antara sesama pekerja. Penyusunan struktur organisasi harus sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Struktur organisasi yang gemuk bila tidak berfungsi menjadi sia-sia, demikian pula struktur organisasi yang kurus bila tidak maksimal fungsinya akan menjadi???  sumber konflik diantara pekerja, disamping itu dalam struktur organisasi perlu menempatkan orang-orangnya yang mempunyai keterampilan (kompetensi) sesuai dengan bidang pekerjaannya dan yang tak kalah penting terdapat pembagian pekerjaan (job description) yang jelas dan tegas sebagai pedoman kerja. Didalam struktur organisasi, orang-orangnya harus mempunyai tugas, wewenang dan tanggung jawab didalam departemen (unit kerjanya) masing-masing, terdapat tata hubungan diantara departemen, koordinasi internal dan eksternal, dan fungsi kontrol dari manajemen. Esensi dalam struktur organisasi adalah adanya pedoman kerja. Struktur organisasi yang efektif akan tercipta bila pembagian tugas berjalan dengan baik sebagai pedoman kerja yang bermuara pada peningkatan produktivitas perusahaan. ???
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa (Studi Kasus pada STMIK Mikroskil Medan)
Authors: Yuliawan Eko , Ginting Mbayak
Published: September 2022

In Indonesia the graduated university students need a relative long time to get a job, so there are many unemployed workers from various universities.???  Entrepreneurship is a key to overcome the unemployement from graduated student. For that reason the student?¢â?¬â?¢s interest on running a private enterprise is needed to develop in campus. The result of this research has found that personal variable, social environment, demography and availablity of information, ownership of social network and the syncronous capital access has influenced the student?¢â?¬â?¢s interest on running a private enterprise.???  Whereas the partial experiment had shown that personal variable, the availability of entrepreneurship information and the ownership of social network have influenced the entrepreneurship interest, whereas the environment variable, demography and the capital access are not influence towards the student interest on running a private enterprise. Based on this research, has been found the coefficient of determination as many as???  0,321, it means that personal variable, social environment, demography, availability of entrepreneurship information, the ownership of social network and financial capital???  access, can explain???  the student?¢â?¬â?¢s interest on running a private enterprise as many as 32,1%. Personal variable and environment are partialy influence toward the student?¢â?¬â?¢s interest on running a private enterprise, whereas demography variable is not partially influence towards the interest on running a private enterprise by the students of STMIK Mikroskil Medan.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Struktur Modal pada Perusahaan Real Estate dan Property yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Agustina
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh antara likuiditas, struktur aktiva, profitabilitas dan operating leverage terhadap struktur modal perusahaan realestate dan property yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) untuk periode tahun 2009 sampai dengan 2011. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 39 perusahaan realestate dan property, di mana metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 117 data observasi. Teknik analisis yang dipergunakan adalah model regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan likuiditas, struktur aktiva, profitabilitas dan operating leverage mempengaruhi struktur modal. Secara parsial, likuiditas berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal perusahaan, sedangkan struktur aktiva, profitabilitas dan operating leverage tidak mempengaruhi struktur modal perusahaan realestate dan property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2009 sampai 2011
Clefts in context: A QUD-perspective on c’est / il y a utterances in spoken French
Authors: Cassarà Alessia , Aria Aria , Karssemberg Lena
Published: September 2022

In this paper we present the results of a pragmatic analysis of French full clefts and monoclausal c’est/il y a utterances (e.g. c’est la femme qui l’a tué ‘it’s the wife who killed him’ vs. c’est la femme ‘it’s the wife’ respectively in answer to the question ‘who killed him?’), when these structures are used as pragmatic strategies to focalize the subject in spoken French. Unlike full cleft sentences, monoclausal c’est and il y a utterances have received less attention in the literature, especially with regard to focus and its realization in spontaneous speech. Investigating the opposition between full clefts and monoclausal forms as well as the questions that these clefts answer allows us to arrive at a more precise understanding of the discourse functions of these structures and the pragmatic contexts in which they are felicitous. The corpus that is used (sgs, spontaneous spoken French) contains many question-answer pairs due to its interactive setup, thus enabling a clear analysis of the types of Question Under Discussion that the clefts answer. The data show that monoclausal utterances are more likely to answer highly active QUDs, whereas full clefts are more likely to answer less active QUDs. The level of activation is determined in terms of proximity and implicitness of the QUD (immediately-preceding the cleft, further away or implicit), and - when the question is uttered explicitly - modality (wh or yes/no) also plays a role.
Photodecomposition of water\ethanol mixtures for the production of hydrogen using as catalysts TiO2 fibers
Authors:   Ceramic Materials Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Góes Soares Luana , de Oliveira Vaz Maurício , Ribeiro Teixeira Sérgio ,   Thin Film and Nanostructure Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Kopp Alves Annelise ,   Ceramic Materials Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Published: September 2022

The consumption of hydrogen as an automotive fuel has been growing since the 1980s. It can be used both as a gasoline blend and as a pure fuel. All human activities involve the use of energy. Some examples are: fuels for transport and heating, electricity for various purposes, among others. It is a basic element for the production and commercialization of any goods or services and represents one of the main expenses of families. Thus, projected future trajectories for energy prices are of obvious interest to consumers and producers. The use of hydrogen generation and storage technology is an energy generation option to replace current fossil fuels, as it offers the opportunity to obtain energy with reduced environmental impacts and which does not pollute the environment. In this work, TiO2 fibers were obtained by the electrospinning technique and used as catalysts in the photodecomposition of water-ethanol mixtures for the production of hydrogen. The X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used to characterize the synthesized catalysts, the BET method provided measurements of the specific area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed the morphology of the samples. The results indicate that the fibers that contain the anatase phase in greater proportion have a high surface area and were the most effective in the production of hydrogen.
POLISH DISCLOSED SECRET PATENTS ON TECHNOLOGY OF SOLID, HETEROGENEOUS ROCKET PROPELLANTS
Authors: Miszczak Maciej
Published: September 2022

Results of search and analysis of Polish disclosed secret patents on manufacture technology of solid, heterogeneous rocket propellants, were presented. As a result of this search, fifteen patent descriptions of inventions were found. These inventions were applied as secret ones to the Polish Patent Office in years 1963-1997. Information pieces about their disclosure, i.e. about removing secrecy from them, were published in the announcements of the News of the Polish Patent Office issued in years 2007-2017. Main topics of these inventions related to the ways of obtainment of compositions and charges of solid, heterogeneous rocket propellants, their inhibitors (screening compositions) covering propellant charges, and use of silver thin wires and/or catalysts accelerating combustion of such type propellants.