bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resolving the dynamical mass tension of the massive binary 9 Sagittarii
Authors: Fabry M. , Hawcroft C. , Frost A. J. , Mahy L. , Marchant P. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Sana H.
Published: May 2021

Context. Direct dynamical mass measurements of stars with masses above 30 M⊙ are rare. This is the result of the low yield of the upper initial mass function and the limited number of such systems in eclipsing binaries. Long-period, double-lined spectroscopic binaries that are also resolved astrometrically offer an alternative to eclipsing binaries for obtaining absolute masses of stellar objects. 9 Sgr (HD 164794) is one such long-period, high-mass binary. Unfortunately, a large amount of tension exists between its total dynamical mass inferred spectroscopically from radial velocity measurements and that from astrometric data.

Aims. Our goal is to resolve the mass tension of 9 Sgr that exists in literature, to characterize the fundamental parameters and surface abundances of both stars, and to determine the evolutionary status of the binary system, henceforth providing a reference calibration point to confront evolutionary models at high masses.

Methods. We obtained the astrometric orbit from existing and new multi-epoch VLTI/PIONIER and VLTI/GRAVITY interferometric measurements. Using archival and new spectroscopy, we performed a grid-based spectral disentangling search to constrain the semi-amplitudes of the radial velocity curves. We computed atmospheric parameters and surface abundances by adjusting FASTWIND atmosphere models and we compared our results with evolutionary tracks computed with the Bonn Evolutionary Code (BEC).

Results. Grid spectral disentangling of 9 Sgr supports the presence of a 53 M⊙ primary and a 39 M⊙ secondary, which is in excellent agreement with their observed spectral types. In combination with the size of the apparent orbit, this puts 9 Sgr at a distance of 1.31 ± 0.06 kpc. Our best-fit models reveal a large mass discrepancy between the dynamical and spectroscopic masses, which we attribute to artifacts from repeated spectral normalization before and after the disentangling process. Comparison with BEC evolutionary tracks shows the components of 9 Sgr are most likely coeval with an age of roughly 1 Myr.

Conclusions. Our analysis clears up the contradiction between mass and orbital inclination estimates reported in previous studies. We detect the presence of significant CNO-processed material at the surface of the primary, suggesting enhanced internal mixing compared to currently implemented in the BEC models. The present measurements provide a high-quality high-mass anchor to validate stellar evolution models and to test the efficiency of internal mixing processes.
A study of submillimeter methanol absorption toward PKS 1830−211:
Authors: Muller S. , Ubachs W. , Menten K. M. , Henkel C. , Kanekar N.
Published: May 2021

Context. Methanol is an important tracer to probe physical and chemical conditions in the interstellar medium of galaxies. Methanol is also the most sensitive target molecule for probing potential space-time variations of the proton-electron mass ratio, μ, a dimensionless constant of nature.

Aims. We present an extensive study of the strongest submillimeter absorption lines of methanol (with rest frequencies between 300 and 520 GHz) in the z = 0.89 molecular absorber toward PKS 1830−211, the only high-redshift object in which methanol has been detected. Our goals are to constrain the excitation of the methanol lines and to investigate the cosmological invariance of μ based on their relative kinematics.

Methods. We observed 14 transitions of methanol, five of the A-form and nine of the E-form, and three transitions of A-13CH3OH, with ALMA. We analyzed the line profiles with a Gaussian fitting and constructed a global line profile that is able to match all observations after allowing for variations of the source covering factor, line opacity scaling, and relative bulk velocity offsets. We explore methanol excitation by running the non local thermal equilibrium radiative transfer code RADEX on a grid of kinetic temperatures and H2 volume densities.

Results. Methanol absorption is detected in only one of the two lines of sight (the southwest) to PKS 1830−211. There, the excitation analysis points to a cool (∼10 − 20 K) and dense (∼104 − 5 cm−3) methanol gas. Under these conditions, several methanol transitions become anti-inverted, with excitation temperatures below the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. In addition, we measure an abundance ratio A/E = 1.0 ± 0.1, an abundance ratio CH3OH/H2 ∼ 2 × 10−8, and a 12CH3OH/13CH3OH ratio 62 ± 3. Our analysis shows that the bulk velocities of the different transitions are primarily correlated with the observing epoch due to morphological changes in the background quasar’s emission. There is a weaker correlation between bulk velocities and the lower level energies of the transitions, which could be a signature of temperature-velocity gradients in the absorbing gas. As a result, we do not find evidence for variations of μ, and we estimate Δμ/μ=(−1.8 ± 1.2) × 10−7 at 1-σ from our multivariate linear regression.

Conclusions. We set a robust upper limit |Δμ/μ| < 3.6 × 10−7 (3σ) for the invariance of μ at a look-back time of half the present age of the Universe. Our analysis highlights that systematics need to be carefully taken into account in future radio molecular absorption studies aimed at testing Δμ/μ below the 10−7 horizon.
Dark matter capture and annihilation in stars: Impact on the red giant branch tip
Authors: Lopes José , Lopes Ilídio
Published: May 2021

Context.While stars have often been used as laboratories to study dark matter (DM), red giant branch (RGB) stars and all the rich phenomenology they encompass have frequently been overlooked by such endeavors.

Aims.We study the capture, evaporation, and annihilation of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) DM in low-mass RGB stars (M = 0.8−1.4 M⊙).

Methods.We used a modified stellar evolution code to study the effects of DM self-annihilation on the structure and evolution of low-mass RGB stars.

Results.We find that the number of DM particles that accumulate inside low-mass RGB stars is not only constant during this phase of evolution, but also mostly independent of the stellar mass and to some extent stellar metallicity. Moreover, we find that the energy injected into the stellar core due to DM annihilation can promote the conditions necessary for helium burning and thus trigger an early end of the RGB phase. The premature end of the RGB, which is most pronounced for DM particles withmχ ≃ 100 GeV, is thus achieved at a lower helium core mass, which results in a lower luminosity at the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). Although in the current WIMP paradigm, these effects are only relevant if the number of DM particles inside the star is extremely large, we find that for light WIMPs (mχ ≃ 4 GeV), relevant deviations from the standard TRGB luminosity (∼8%) can be achieved with conditions that can be realistic in the inner parsec of the Milky Way.
The Gaia-ESO survey: Mixing processes in low-mass stars traced by lithium abundance in cluster and field stars
Authors: Magrini L. , Lagarde N. , Charbonnel C. , Franciosini E. , Randich S. , Smiljanic R. , Casali G. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Spina L. , Biazzo K. , Pasquini L. , Bragaglia A. , Van der Swaelmen M. , Tautvaišienė G. , Inno L. , Sanna N. , Prisinzano L. , Degl’Innocenti S. , Prada Moroni P. , Roccatagliata V. , Tognelli E. , Monaco L. , de Laverny P. , Delgado-Mena E. , Baratella M. , D’Orazi V. , Vallenari A. , Gonneau A. , Worley C. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Jofre P. , Bensby T. , François P. , Guiglion G. , Bayo A. , Jeffries R. D. , Binks A. S. , Gilmore G. , Damiani F. , Korn A. , Pancino E. , Sacco G. G. , Hourihane A. , Morbidelli L. , Zaggia S.
Published: May 2021

Aims. We aim to constrain the mixing processes in low-mass stars by investigating the behaviour of the Li surface abundance after the main sequence. We take advantage of the data from the sixth internal data release of Gaia-ESO, IDR6, and from the Gaia Early Data Release 3, EDR3s.

Methods. We selected a sample of main-sequence, sub-giant, and giant stars in which the Li abundance is measured by the Gaia-ESO survey. These stars belong to 57 open clusters with ages from 130 Myr to about 7 Gyr and to Milky Way fields, covering a range in [Fe/H] between ∼​ − 1.0 and ∼​ + 0.5 dex, with few stars between ∼​ − 1.0 and ∼​ − 2.5 dex. We studied the behaviour of the Li abundances as a function of stellar parameters. We inferred the masses of giant stars in clusters from the main-sequence turn-off masses, and for field stars through comparison with stellar evolution models using a maximum likelihood technique. We compared the observed Li behaviour in field giant stars and in giant stars belonging to individual clusters with the predictions of a set of classical models and of models with mixing induced by rotation and thermohaline instability.

Results. The comparison with stellar evolution models confirms that classical models cannot reproduce the observed lithium abundances in the metallicity and mass regimes covered by the data. The models that include the effects of both rotation-induced mixing and thermohaline instability account for the Li abundance trends observed in our sample in all metallicity and mass ranges. The differences between the results of the classical models and of the rotation models largely differ (up to 2 dex), making lithium the best element with which to constrain stellar mixing processes in low-mass stars. We discuss the nature of a sample of Li-rich stars.

Conclusions. We demonstrate that the evolution of the surface abundance of Li in giant stars is a powerful tool for constraining theoretical stellar evolution models, allowing us to distinguish the effect of different mixing processes. For stars with well-determined masses, we find a better agreement of observed surface abundances and models with rotation-induced and thermohaline mixing. Rotation effects dominate during the main sequence and the first phases of the post-main-sequence evolution, and the thermohaline induced mixing after the bump in the luminosity function.
The relationship between target strength frequency response and vertical swim velocity: a new approach for fish discrimination
Authors: Homma Hikaru , Ostrovsky Ilia
Published: May 2021

In-situ identification of fish species using acoustic methods is a key issue for fisheries research and ecological applications. We propose a novel approach to fish discrimination based on the relationship between target strength frequency response (TS(f)) and vertical swim velocity (VSV), as a proxy of fish body orientation. The measurements were carried out with a wideband echosounder on live fish of five species confined in a net cage. The data show a large dependence of TS(f) on VSV. To compare the variability of frequency responses of different fishes, we calculated ΔTS(f, VSV) as the difference between the TS(f) at given VSV and the TS(f) at VSV = 0, i.e. when the fish was swimming horizontally. We demonstrated that the relationships between ΔTS and VSV were similar for fish of the same species but dissimilar for different species. This implies that the acoustic fish discrimination in nature might be performed when the variations of the VSV can be measured from acoustically tracked fish. This can be a promising method for remote fish discrimination, for instance, for fish with diurnal vertical migrations. Further validation of this approach for fish recognition is required.
Digitalization wildfire management near smart city
Authors: Shilin Mikhail , Sikarev Igor , Baikov Evgeniy , Gogoberidze George , Petrieva Oksana
Published: May 2021

In article, there are considered results in digitalization wildfire management near smart city within Industry 4.0 period, when while climate change and Covid-19 pandemic. While research, there are used methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools. Also, there are used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties and risk management. As digitalization tools, authors propose to use online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources in distributed networks. As study result, there is proposed a block model, that combines the investment objectives with cost of wildfire management near smart city adapted to Covid-19 pandemic and climate change conditions. Authors demonstrate usage of developed digital tools. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies. They can be used in training and educational purposes, including development of Master’s programs in environmental economics.
Corporate innovation ecosystems: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Shevchuk Dmitrii , Ilin Igor , Iliashenko Victoria , Dubgorn Alissa
Published: May 2021

This article proposes to consider the concepts of an innovation ecosystem and a digital platform. The analysis of world experience in terms of corporate innovative ecosystems contributing to the accelerated implementation of innovations is presented. The article focuses on corporate innovation ecosystems, gives their definition and key functions. The analysis of the management of innovative ecosystems in the world and in Russia is given. Describes the ecosystem approach and the structure of the corporate innovation ecosystem. As part of the study, it is planned to form a scheme for organizing a corporate innovation ecosystem, considering the place of digital platforms in the entire ecosystem.
Big data analysis for studying spatiotemporal trends in the sustainable development of large cities
Authors: Mulyukova Kseniya , Kurejchik Viktor
Published: May 2021

The article covers the analysis of big data in urban planning. The purpose of this work is to study modern problems of processing big data containing information about real estate objects and prospects for solving these problems, as well as the possibility of practical implementation of the methodology for processing such data sets by designing and filling a special graphic abstraction “metahouse” using a practical example. The relevance of the study lies in identifying a number of advantages in the presentation of data in graphical form. The mathematical basis of the technique is the use of multidimensional spaces, where measurements are the characteristics of individual objects. In the course of the work, the specifics of big data sets, consisting of information about real estate in a large city, were described. methods of effective solution of the set practical problem of processing and searching for patterns in a large data array were proposed: abstraction “metahouse”, data aggregator. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the presentation of groups of the obtained data in a graphical form has a number of advantages over the tabular presentation of data. The obtained results can be used both for the primary study of big data processing technologies, and as a basis for the development of real applications in the following areas: analysis of changes in the area of houses over time, analysis of changes in the number of storeys in urban development, etc.
Calculating the longitudinal and vertical displacements of a moving object by digital image processing methods
Authors: Senchenko Victor , Lopatina Veronika , Butsanets Artem
Published: May 2021

In the article, algorithms for calculating the longitudinal and vertical displacement of a moving object relative to a stationary base by a non-contact method using a laser-optical measuring de-vice are described and compared. The problem of non-contact measurement of longitudinal and vertical displacement belongs to the class of problems solved by methods of computer vision - image processing for measuring physical quantities. Two methods of calculating the value of the longitudinal and vertical displacement are compared. The first is based on the distance to the object, the size of the image sensor using the thin lens equation. The second is based on the method of calculus of distance to the object and the angle of view of the video recorder using the tangent formula. The measurements were carried out for the range of 0.5 - 500 m. The results of the work can be used to create high-precision positioning systems and high-precision vehicle guidance systems for various types of transport (sea, river, road, air and rail). Such systems solve the problem of stabilizing the position of moving objects in various transport systems, as well as position control.
Assessment of transport and logistics commerce in agriculture for the Southern Federal District of Russia
Authors: Popov Pavel , Gudkov Dmitry , Galtseva Nadezhda
Published: May 2021

The scientific paper provides a comparative analysis of the development level of the transport infrastructure in the Russian Federation constituents of the Southern Federal District. The analysis of the statistical data on the transport activity shows an increase in the volume of transport services in Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar from 2012 to 2018. In Volgograd region and Astrakhan Oblast there is a decrease by 22% and 6% respectively. With regard to the motor hard surface highways per 1000 km2 there is a significant difference between the Russian Federation constituents in the Southern Federal District. The gap in the values of indicators in Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don and other regions reaches 50%. In addition, a direct relationship between the social indicators and the volume of transport services for the period under consideration has been identified. In order to assess the development level of the region's transport and logistics infrastructure an integral indicator has been calculated based on the calculation of the relative coefficients of the transport activity in the Russian Federation constituents. As a result, the study shows that the highest value of the integral indicator characterizing the development level of the vehicular transport infrastructure is in Krasnodar Territory, the lowest value is in the Republic of Kalmykia. It should be noted that there is a significant imbalance in the development level of the transport and logistics infrastructure in different regions, which determines their different investment attractiveness and social and economic progress.
Effects of transport operating conditions on the rating of OTOP products of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand
Authors: Potjanajaruwit Pisit
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to explore the operating conditions of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and their effects on the rating of products in Thailand’s One Tambon One Product (OTOP) program. The sample group in the research was the 330 owners or executives of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises that produced for the OTOP program and their products were rated 3-5 stars. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistics used for data analysis were Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation. Chi-Square, and one-way ANOVA, while Scheffe Analysis was used for multiple comparisons. The study found there were 19 operating conditions of the SME producers of OTOP program found affecting the rating of their 3-5 star products including; Marketing Operating Conditions - such as packaging, main target market, marketing promotion, Production Operating Conditions - such as production policy, production plan, standard certifications, raw material management, production methods, product development, member selection, production cost, Financial Operating Conditions - such as initial investment, working capital, working capital management model, main operational objectives, operational strategy, assignment of duties and responsibilities, employee performance indicators, and the member remuneration, which were all found statistically significant at the .05 level.
Modernization of transport infrastructure for the development of pedestrian and bicycle paths on the example of a large city in Russia
Authors: Kustysheva Irina , Konyukhova Anastasia
Published: May 2021

The article examines the promising directions of the existing concept of the Russian Federation on bicycle transport. Unlike Western countries, bicycle transport in Russia is only gaining its popularity and many people who preferred cars, in the spring-summer time, give their preference to bicycles and scooters. The study proves the relevance of the issue at stake, justifies the modernization of the existing transport frame of the territory and the need for its improvement with the help of a new project that will create comfortable conditions for movement and will be very significant for the city. The priority development of the territory is considered through the construction of a new pedestrian and bicycle transport bridge. The authors have developed proposals for solving the problem for comfortable movement of pedestrians and cyclists, as well as for people with limited mobility. The experience of foreign countries in creating projects of transport infrastructure for walking and cycling, which allows creating the most comfortable conditions for movement around the city, is generalized.
Environmental and emotional predictors of cognitive styles of air traffic controllers
Authors: Pomytkina Liubov , Ichanska Olena , Pomytkin Eduard , Yamnitsky Vadim
Published: May 2021

The article describes the theoretical and empirical study of cognitive styles of air traffic controllers as a guarantee of their professional success. The aim of the article was to present the results of the study, which were to establish the emotional predictors of cognitive styles of future air traffic controllers. The following methods were used for the study: “Gottschaldt’s figures”, “Comparison of similar drawings” by J. Kagan, “Free sorting of objects” by R. Gardner in the modification of V. Kolga, “Four-modal emotional questionnaire” by L.A. Rabinovych, “EmIn Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire” by D.V Lyusin, “Self-assessment of mental states” by G. Eisenk. The specifics of the manifestation of the following cognitive-stylistic parameters of air traffic controllers are analyzed: social field dependence-field independence, impulsivity-reflexivity, analyticity-syntheticity. Based on the analysis of the results of the study, it was found that the vast majority of respondents have the following cognitive styles: field-independent (77.7%), reflexive (74.4%), and slightly less synthetic (53.5%). Emotional intelligence at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels of air traffic controllers is characterized by high rates in only half of the sample. Among emotions, almost half of the respondents are dominated by “joy” at a high level, “anger”, “fear” at a low level and “sadness” at a medium level. It was also found that two thirds of air traffic controllers are dominated by low levels of anxiety and frustration. Regression analysis revealed the influence of emotional characteristics on cognitive styles of future air traffic controllers: “aggression” is a predictor of “field dependence”, and “rigidity” and “joy” are predictors of analytical cognitive style.
Methods for optimizing routes in digital logistics
Authors: Ivanova Lubov , Kurkin Andrey , Ivanov Sergei
Published: May 2021

The current problem of digital logistics is investigated - the calculation of optimal routes for freight transportation by computer means to reduce time and distance. Heuristic methods used in logistics for constructing optimal routes are considered. A comparative analysis of ten methods for solving the optimization problem of the “nondeterministic polynomial time” complexity class traveling salesman is carried out. The study performs a comparative analysis of the following methods: “convex hull, cheapest insertion and angle selection”, “greedy”, “greedy-cycle”, “integer-linear-programming”, “or-opt”, “or-zweig”, “remove crossings”, “space filling curve”, “simulated annealing”, “two-opt”. A computational experiment is performed, on the basis of which the accuracy and computational complexity of the considered methods are estimated. The results of the computational experiment show the construction of the optimal route by the “integer-linear-programming” method and the highest computation speed for the “greedy” method. Application of the “integer-linear-programming” method in logistics is the most accurate at the optimal time for calculating efficient routes of freight traffic.
Scientific and practical foundations and business processes for the sustainable development of Smart City
Authors: Krasovskaya Inna , Schislyaeva Elena , Shamrai Felix
Published: May 2021

The article investigates scientific and practical issues of transport logistics; the conceptual and methodological mechanisms of formation of the “Smart City” strategy are considered and its main business processes are interpreted; the author’s description of the Internet of Things as a high-tech network of deterministic mechanisms, logistic algorithms, business processes and technical and technological devices, interconnected with each other and with the external socio-economic environment is presented; the international experience of the formation and functioning of transport and logistics business processes of “smart cities” was critically rethought; reducing costs, ensuring socio-economic growth and sustainability, while improving the quality of services and the life of citizens, are justified as fundamental tasks of smart city projects; studied the socio-economic objectives of the Smart City of St. Petersburg project, in particular, the formation of a list of measures to optimize business processes, the creation of an external economic environment that would facilitate the attraction of non-budgetary funding sources for the implementation of projects, the development of a methodology for monitoring indicators of socio-economic development and territorial planning of St. Petersburg; identified the main socio-economic advantages of the introduction of smart parking in relation to the infrastructures of smart cities and their residents; empirically confirmed the effectiveness of the implementation of an intelligent parking management system based on the “Internet of Things” technology in the social and economic conditions of St. Petersburg; the characteristic of transport and logistics advantages of the strategy “Smart city of St. Petersburg” is provided.
The impact of psychological factor on the aircraft operation safety
Authors: Tarnavska Tetiana , Baranovska Lilia , Glushanytsia Natalia , Yahodzinskyi Serhii
Published: May 2021

Awareness of the radio exchange problems and the robust skills of recognizing and eliminating errors in radio communication will help to free up time and attention for the pilot and air traffic controller (ATC) to efficiently carry out their main professional functions in any circumstances. It is vitally important for pilots and ATCs in stressful situations not to focus their attention on the foreign language interaction that is the activity that only accompanies their main job performance. Analysis of aircraft accident investigation reports shows that language-related accidents mostly have psychological nature. The authors suggest a range of mental and psychophysiological qualities that determine professional competence and reliability of pilots and ATC. They also identify the sources of neuropsychic stress in critical situation and the ways to overcome it. The research results enable to design a language training model based on the analysis of the last-minute records and aircraft accident and incident reports to be able to identify typical problems of radio exchange, fatal language errors which led or could lead to a disaster. The research is aimed at improving aircraft operation and eventually increasing flight safety.
Methods for predicting the wear of contact inserts of electric rolling stock pantographs
Authors: Philippov Victor , Sidorov Oleg , Sidorova Elena , Podgornaya Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The use of current-collecting contact elements with an extended service life is one of the most economical and least costly ways to ensure reliable, economical and environmentally friendly power transmission to the rolling stock. To assess and predict the service life, Omsk State Transport University developed and successfully tested a methodology for conducting experimental studies of contact inserts for pantographs, including bench tests of each pair of contact materials. The obtained test results are the initial data for predicting the wear of elements of contact pairs and assessing their service life in real operating conditions. Prediction of wear and service life of contact elements is carried out using mathematical modeling of wear processes, taking into account the maximum possible number of factors that negatively affect the elements. The purpose of this article is to improve the method for predicting wear, taking into account high speeds. The use of a mathematical model in forecasting makes it possible to reduce time and labor costs by 2.5 - 3 times for conducting experimental studies and assessing the resource of an element of a contact pair.
Successional structure and useful condition of mowing-and-grazing landscapes
Authors: Ufimtseva Marina , Khamidullina Alfia
Published: May 2021

The paper presents data on the indicators of livestock production, the number of farm animals and poultry in the Tyumen region. The characteristics and significance of near-village forage lands are given. The studied forage lands are assigned to the forest-steppe lowland latitudinal-zonal area of the Kurgan province and contain valuable species of herbs: Calamagrostis epigejos, Bromopsis inermis, Festuca pratensis, Vicia villosa Roth, Trifolium rubens L., Medicago falcata. The territory of pastures is used for mowing and grazing animals of the individual sector, which prevents sodding and degeneration and has a significant impact on the consistent regular change of the biological community (phytocoenosis, microbial community, etc.). The hay yield is 14.7 c/ha, which corresponds to natural meadows without cultivation. To improve the quality of hay and yield, the authors suggest carrying out agrotechnical measures: compliance with the terms of mowing the grass - a week before flowering or at the beginning of flowering of meadow grasses; introduction of potash fertilizers, which will increase the content of grasses in the herbage and will reduce the specific weight of forbs; application of nitrogen fertilizer in a mixture with potash and complete mineral fertilization, which will reduce the level of forbs by almost half; undersowing of leguminous grasses.
The concept of sustainable development of territories
Authors: Mottaeva Angela , Nechaeva Marina , Nechaev Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The authors of the article study the features of functioning and development of territories as the bases of forming of social infrastructure in the education sphere. The basic problems and the condition of the programme of the territories development are considered, the indicators of social-and-economic development are analyzed, the procedures of the programme creation for the development of social infrastructure within the development of the national Education project, the technique of forecasting of key indicators is applied. The features of the territories development with carrying out the analysis of the key parameters are investigated. The need of the programme of the social infrastructure development regarding education during of identification, studying micro- and macro-factors of the development of the area is proved. The approaches to the realization of the stages of the development programme and forecasting of change of key indicators are developed, the interrelation of the most important factors of their functioning is investigated. The periods in which there were maximum structural changes in development of rural territories are revealed as the result of quantitative assessment of structural shifts. It is proved that this approach is the tool allowing to improve the process of social-and-economic development taking into account the forecast, and, therefore, to increase the efficiency of activity of the sphere of education that will allow to strengthen the financial state and positions of the enterprises of this industry in the market. Some conclusions are drawn on the prospects of the territories development in the conditions of development and implementation of the development programme.
Urbanization development on river hydrology
Authors: Musayev Sardorbek , Musaev Ilhomjon , Nuretdinova Mashkhurakhon , Eshnazarov Doniyor
Published: May 2021

In this study both data of land use and land cover were compared for selected period of time it is obvious that urban area is significantly increased in Saline River watershed, Arkansas, USA. For hydrologic studies and analysis WMS 8.1 program was used to delineate the watershed and analysis of other hydrologic processes. For further analysis, HEC-HMS was used to analyze the results of hydrographs of peak flows. Results show there is impact to hydrologic processes due to urbanization.
Review of mapping regional demographic processes using innovative methods and technologies
Authors: Abdurakhmonov Sarvar , Safarov Eshkobul , Yakubov Murat , Prenov Shavkat
Published: May 2021

Different types of methods in science and technology, such as statistical, cartographic, and satellite materials are being used to describe events and objects. The application of modern GIS technologies in collection and processing of data on regions, demographic processes and events is highly demanding in demographic studies. The main feature of GIS software is to integrate and analyze geographic spatial data, and create map. In this research, it was found that classification and creation of demographic data in regions using GIS software helped to regulate the demographic processes in the regions.
Creating a digital model of regional relief using GIS technologies to evaluate degradation processes
Authors: Kadirova Dilrabo , Usmanova Matlyuba , Saidova Munisa , Djalilova Gulnora , Namozov Normamat
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of research on the creation of a digital model of relief by processing remote sensing data using geographic information systems to identify and assess areas at risk of degradation. According to the results of the study, the relief of the region is important in the occurrence and acceleration of degradation processes.
The potential of industry digitalization for improving environmental situation in the Russian regions
Authors: Vasileva Inessa , Morozova Natalia
Published: May 2021

In today’s rapidly changing conditions of economic development, which entail the emergence of new growth drivers, as well as the rapid pace of technological changes, new megatrends, new threats to the economic security and stability of territories and regional markets are emerging. In such a situation, only new approaches to the formation of strategies and justification of management decisions will make it possible to turn new threats into new opportunities and competitive advantages. The paper studies the concept and essence of the potential of digitalization of industry as a factor of sustainable development of the territory. The analysis of the dynamics of digitalization of the Russian Federation and the regions of the Volga Federal District is presented, the structure of the digital potential of the territories and their economic entities is presented. A method for calculating the potential of digitalization of the industry in the regions is proposed, and the main problems of its implementation are identified.
Variability of the food potential of the Kerch strait and the black sea pre-strait zone as a prospective area for the development of mollusks Mariculture
Authors: Sitnik Nataliy
Published: May 2021

Based on the data of integrated observations, the variability of phytoplankton, the amount of suspended organic matter and zooplankton of the pelagic zone of the Kerch Strait and the pre-strait zone of the Black Sea is considered. The algal flora of the entire Black Sea, the Kerch Strait and the pre-strait is characterized by the predominance of diatoms over pyridineas (pyrrophytes or dinoflagellates). The study of the species range, number and biomass of the phytoplankton community during several periods of the year showed that its dynamics is largely dependent on seasonal weather changes (climate). In the process of phytoplankton development, several phases of autogenic succession were revealed. It is expressed in a sequential change in phytoplankton forms, changes in its abundance and biomass typical of the eastern shelf of the Black Sea. The zooplankton community of the Kerch Strait is represented by micro-, meso- and macro- zooplankton typical of the Black Sea. Microzooplankton is represented by zooflagellates and protozoa, as well as by early larval stages of planktonic crustaceans, apendicularia and mollusks. Its total biomass averages about 80 mg/m3.The above analysis of the collected material allows us to conclude that the distribution of suspended matter and larvae is related primarily to the peculiarities of water circulation in the strait. In the case of low concentrations of larvae, the dynamic factor can be decisive in the process of sedimentation intensity. The amounts of suspended matter can reach 20 mg/m3, which is 2-3 times higher than on average for the Black Sea. It further demonstrates the high productivity of waters and the prospects of the latter to be the area for commercial growing of mussels.
Analysis of the effect of fertilizer on tree development by remote sensing and technology of giving liquid organic fertilizer to tree root system in intensive gardens
Authors: Kuziev Ulugbek , Khikmatullaev Sanjar , Abdullaeva Sevara , Xoliyorov Umirzoq , Nosurullayev Kodir
Published: May 2021

Intensive garden yields and soil fertility are increased by giving liquid organic and mineral fertilizer locally to the soil. Each tree root system in the row is carried out on the basis of technical hydrodynamic legislation of the liquid pouring liquid organic fertilizer in the specified amount by opening the furrow next to it. Based on the results of the presented calculation, each tree is provided 10÷11L of liquid organic fertilizer to the root system in accordance with the aggregate movement speed, maintaining this mode was based on the dimensions of the working part and the capacity in it. Also it is presented the graphs of changes in the duration of pouring liquid organic fertilizer depending on the surface of the cracks, the rate of leakage and the rate of aggregation. Also, as a result of fertilization directly to the root of the tree, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) analysis was carried out through remote sensing techniques for monitoring development of surface fertilization and root system fertilization gardens, and the results revealed with a compartable NDVI map. According to NDVI analysis, fertilizing roots with liquid organic and minerals, development of intensive gardens had significantly positive with 7 percent comparing to other.
Semi-winged pests of cultural plants in Fergana, Uzbekistan
Authors: Kozhevnikova Alevtina
Published: May 2021

In cultivated landscapes, the negative influence of herbivorous species of bugs on agricultural plants is especially affected. They are distinguished by a wide variety in species composition and in the number of individual species. Some of them can multiply in large numbers. Research is of theoretical and practical importance, since many species are pests of agricultural crops, some species carry viral plant diseases. The nature of the harm caused by various types of herbivorous bugs was studied, since bugs, when feeding on their piercing-sucking mouth apparatus, pierce plants and feed on plant sap. It has been established that the damage caused to plants by bedbugs affects the abscission of fruit elements and the timing of the developmental phases from egg to imago depends on temperature and humidity.
Selection of prosperous varieties of rosehips (rosaL.) And their seed productivity in Tashkent oasis, Uzbekistan
Authors: Ubaydullayev F , Gaffarov Sh
Published: May 2021

Rosehips fruit contains organic and inorganic substances, the most valuable compounds among organic substances are vitamins, which are accumulated in the flesh of the fruit, and they have important physiological effects for living organisms. The obtained experimental data were statistically processed by the method of analysis of variance. Many selected varieties of rosehips were unique not only in the size of the fruit, but also in the high seed yield: an average of 28.7 ± 0.65 pieces in the fruits of “Sijjak-5”, 29.1 ± 0.66 pieces in the fruits of “Sijjak-6”, 33.9 ± 0.93 fruits in “Sijjak-7”, 28.7 ± 0.66 fruits in “Sijjak-15” and 29.3 ± 0.64 fruits in “Burchmullo-18”. Rosehips seeds contain “rosehips oil”, which contains 10 mg% carotene, 200 mg% vitamin E, linoleic (56.71%) and oleic (29.32%) acids. “Sijjak-3”, “Sijjak-6”, “Sijjak-12” and “Chimgan-19” were selected as promising varieties, taking into account the valuable economic and biological characteristics of the fruit, such as size, productivity and fertility. Varieties “Parkent-21” and “Parkent-24”, according to the size of fruits and the amount of fruit flesh, whereas Parkent-26, “Kumushkon-29”, “Parkent-23”, “Chimgan-31”, “Koronkul”-32 were classified as promising varieties based on the highest yield.
Integrated methods of combating sheep ectoparasites
Authors: Mavlanov S. , Soatov U. , Kholmatov SH. , Amirov A. , Irgashev U.
Published: May 2021

Recently, in various countries of the world, in particular, the USA, Germany, Canada, India and Russia, tangible results have been achieved in the use of biological methods for combating zoophilic insects and ecoparasites, the use of microbiological and pyrethroid preparations with a plant base. Zoophilic insects and mites as ecto- and endoparasites parasitize on the body of animals and people cause infestation, that is, parasitosis (entomoses and acarosis), as a result of which the milk productivity of cattle decreases to 30-40 percent, meat productivity annually decreases by 10-12 kilograms, and also negatively affect the growth and development of young animals and lead to death.
Fauna, ecology and taxonomy of helminths of cypriniformes fish water bodies of Uzbekistan
Authors: Safarova F , Akramova F , Azimov D , Qahramanov B , Gulomjonov D
Published: May 2021

Due to intensive human activities related to the use of water resources, has undergone substantial qualitative and quantitative changes of biocenosis and the fish community. This inevitably arise parasitic fish diseases that lead to a decrease in the number of valuable species and the deterioration of the epizootic situation reservoirs. Fauna of parasitic worms of Cypriniformes ponds diverse river of the Syrdarya shown 49 species. 18 species belongs to the class Trematoda, Cestoda class represented by 13 species, class Acanthocephala - 4, and the class Nematoda - 14. Analysis of biological properties and ecological of specialty parasitic worms Cypriniformes allows three types of communities: helminths (25 species), parasitizing Cypriniformes as definitive hosts; helminths (19 species), parasitizing Cypriniformes as intermediate hosts; - helminths (6 species), parasitizing Cypriniformes as a reservoir (=paratenetic) hosts.
Creation of fine silk fabric of mulberry silkworms through inbreed system mixing methods
Authors: Daniyarov Umirzak , Abdrimova Gulbakhor , Rajabov Narzulla , Rakhmanova Khurniso , Turgunboeva Nargiza
Published: May 2021

Worldwide, special attention is paid to the creation of high-tech silkworm breeds and hybrids of mulberry silkworms. Inbreed-breed hybrids with high technological performance of mulberry silkworm cocoon fiber have been created. Inbreed systems and new hybrids with fine silk fiber Kitayskaya 108, Ya-120, Ipakchi 1 x Ipakchi 2, Ipakchi 2 x Ipakchi 1 regionalized hybrids dry cocoon weight (0.715-0.841 g; control - 0.715-0.734 g), continuous cocoon fiber length (731-888 m; control - 744-776 m), cocoon fiber metric number (3020-3319 m/g; control - 3090-3103 m/g) proved to be significantly superior.
Dependence of silkworm productivity indicators on life expectancy of butterflies
Authors: Khudayberideva U , Navruzov S , Nasirillaev B , Bekkamov CH , Abdukayumova N , Fozilova KH
Published: May 2021

In this article, the current state of silkworm breeding in Uzbekistan is highlighted by the fact that cocoons, raw silk and silk products grown are not competitive enough. About the role of selection in increasing the volume of cocoon cultivation and improving its quality. This includes ways to influence the genetic characteristics of newly created breeds and their hybrids, which contribute to the improvement of cocoon productivity and technological performance. The importance of population-specific laws, as well as the methodology of experiments, the degree of interdependence of selection traits, experiments in two groups of silkworm breeds and systems, in three gradations, and the results obtained on them. Prospects for the application of experimental results in science and practice are also discussed.
Effects of continuous application of Samurai and Zellek Super herbicides on cotton fields against weeds in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Charshanbiev Umurzok , Shodmanov Makhkam , Sultanov Umbetali , Dusbaev Iso
Published: May 2021

This scientific article provides data on the effectiveness of successive application of herbicides against annual and perennial weeds in cotton fields on arable lands plowed with simple and two-sided plows. When the herbicide Samurai (1.5 l/ha) is applied separately, the annual weeds are effectively lost (86.8-90.2%), and have a weak effect on perennials. When Zellek Super (1.0 l/ha) herbicide is used separately, it has a weak effect on annuals (24.0-32.0%), effectively reducing weeds. Both perennial weeds (90.5-93.0%) and perennial weeds are effective when applied in series with Samurai (1.5 l/ha) and Zellek Super (1.0 l/ha) herbicides 88.9 -93.3% loss. Cotton yield will increase by 1.8-5.4 q/ha compared to the control option. Consecutive application of Samurai (1.5 l/ha) and Samurai (1.5 l/ha) and Zellek Super (1.0 l/ha) herbicides against annual and perennial weeds is recommended.
Theological principles of communicative (Takfiri) thought
Authors: Alinejad Omran Ruhollah , Abdollahi Mousa
Published: May 2021

Looking at the calamities that have inflicted on the Islamic society by its atheistic currents, it is indispensable to confront and fight against it radically. Getting acquainted with the principles of the criticism of the aforementioned currents is of great importance. Among the contemporary seditions that have led to the separation of the Muslim ummah is the excommunication (Takfir) of Muslims by each other in which one religion is accused of blasphemy by another school and they have to hear the most severe and most vulgar words and ultimately due to an imaginary crime of blasphemy and shirk, they will be slaughtered by the claimant. However, the process of excommunication, as it should be, does not emphasize on the debate and assumes that the insistence on excommunication and sins of other religions is to revive the tradition and to destroy heresy (Bid’ah); therefore it is necessary for Islamic researchers who consider fairness in their scientific discussions to understand the basics of the excommunicative movement to defend the legitimacy of Islam and Shi'ism and also protect them from falling into the trap of fallacies. Accordingly, the present article seeks to clarify the principles of excommunicative thought criticism in terms of Quranic verses, Hadith, Sirah Mutawatir (successive conducts) and rational arguments. Determining the position of conflict on matters such as intercession and resort (Tawassul) to prophets and imams while addressing issues such as the attribution of shirk to Shia, non-adherence to the well-known sirah of Salaf of blessing and visiting the tombs, and the need to pay attention to good heresy (Bid’ah) in the form of a superior controversy are considered the principles of excommunicative (Takfiri) thought criticism.