bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study on Lactation Status and Breastfeeding Challenges of Mothers Giving Birth to Preterm Infants
Authors: Dong Dingding , Ru Xifang , Huang Xiaofang , Sang Tian , Li Shan , Wang Ying , Feng Qi
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMothers of preterm infants face challenges in breastfeeding. The aim of the study was to investigate lactation status and challenges in breastfeeding faced by mothers of preterm infants. MethodsMothers giving birth to preterm infants between May 26th 2018 and October 31st 2018 were enrolled. Lactation status and challenges in breastfeeding on day 7 postpartum, at discharge of infants, 2 weeks post-discharge, and 3 months of corrected age (CA 3m) were collected by questionnaires. ResultsSeventy mothers were enrolled, and 51.4% had delayed lactogenesis II. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cesarean section (OR=3.368, p=0.032), older maternal age (OR=1.189, p=0.008), and primiparity (OR=5.091, p=0.012) were significant independent predictors of delayed lactogenesis II. Mothers with delayed lactogenesis II had significantly lower milk output (day 7 postpartum: 160.0mL vs. 300.0mL, p=0.001; at discharge: 425.0mL vs. 612.5mL, p=0.005) and lower proportion of exclusive breastfeeding (at discharge: 38.9% vs. 70.6%, p=0.008; CA 3m: 12.5% vs. 33.3%, p=0.050). The ROC showed that milk output >190mL/d and >245mL/d on day 7 postpartum significantly predict milk output ≥300mL/d at discharge and exclusive breastfeeding at post-discharge two weeks, respectively. Insufficient human milk was the top reason for breastfeeding discontinuation at CA 3m, and mother’s own milk ≥50% of total milk uptake at postpartum two weeks (OR=5.303, p=0.007) was an independent predictor of continuous breastfeeding at CA 3m. Feeding complications in infants, poor breastfeeding techniques, and low milk output were the top challenges in breastfeeding. ConclusionInterventions to improve early postpartum lactation and breastfeeding techniques may increase breastfeeding adoption in mothers of preterm infants.
Factors Influencing an Eruption of Teeth Associated with a Dentigerous Cyst. A Systematic Review
Authors: Nahajowski Marek , Hnitecka Sylwia , Sarul Michał , Rumin Kornelia , Dubowik Magdalena , Antoszewska-Smith Joanna
Published: October 2020

AimThis systematic review aimed to identify factors conducive/inconducive to a spontaneous eruption of teeth after a dentigerous cyst's marsupialization.MethodsIn accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in the PICO format (P: patients with dentigerous cysts, I: spontaneous eruption after surgery, C: forced eruption, O: determining factors potentially influencing the intervention or the comparison). The MEDLINE, the EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for the keywords combining dentigerous/odontogenic/follicular cyst with teeth and/or orthodontics, as well as human teeth and eruption pattern/interval/period/duration. The qualified articles (4 out of 3005 found initially) provided following data: a rate of tooth eruption after surgical treatment of the cyst, along with age and gender of patients, a perpendicular projection distance between the top of the tooth cusp and the edge of the alveolar process, tooth angulation, a root formation stage, the cyst size, and space to erupt. The articles underwent analysis of the risk of bias and quality, with the ROBINS-I protocol and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa QAS, respectively. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO under ID CRD42020189044.ResultsA real risk of bias was assessed as critical, while the quality of the studies was considered high (7-9 points in 9-point scale). Small distance between the top of a tooth cusp and the edge of the alveolar process, and space for eruption larger than tooth dimensions were the factors likely to favor spontaneous eruption. The cyst size was irrelevant, while the influence of the other factors could not be determined from the available data. ConclusionA small number of published studies, as well as their heterogeneity and the critical risk of bias do not allow creating the evidence-based protocol of management the teeth with DC after its marsupialization. More high-quality research is needed to be able to draw more reliable conclusions.
Different UV-B Exposure Times Induce Phenotypic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Changes in Wine Grape Leaves 
Authors: Li Su , Yue Zhao , Qingyang Sun , Yifan Zhu
Published: October 2020

[Background]The Cabernet Sauvignon grape, considered “the world's most renowned grape variety for the production of fine red wine”, is cultivated in many regions, such as the plateau area in Shangri-La, southwest China. This area is characterized by dry and strong UV climate owing to a high altitude. Previous studies have shown that UV radiation, especially UV-B, improves plant resistance to cold, disease and dry circumstance. In fact, the Cabernet sauvignon, mainly grown in Shangri-La where the UV intensity reaches 21-22w/m2, has shown strong resistance in the past decades. [Aims] However, UV-B’s effect Cabernet Sauvignon grape leaves remains unknown. As a result, we would like to explore the effects of UVB on grape leaves at high altitude through experiments. [Methods]In the present study, we investigated anatomical changes, and photosynthetic changes in Cabernet Sauvignon plants and analyzed transcriptomic and proteomic regulation of these changes following exposure to 15-20w/m2 UV-B for 3 and 7 days. [Results]Results revealed that UV-B exceeding 10w/m2 could change morphology and arrangement of epidermal and palisade tissue cells. We also found upregulation of proteins that regulate cytoskeletal and cell wall synthesis, after 3 days of exposure to UV-B. On the other hand, proteins associated with disease-resistance and antioxidants were up-regulated after 7 days of exposure. Transcriptomic results revealed enrichment of both proteins and genes associated with pathogen infection, defense and antioxidant processes. [Conclusion]As a result, the study showed that strong UV radiation at high altitude did contribute to increased disease resistance and environmental adaptability of grape plants.
Deep Learning Based Pectoral Muscle Segmentation on MIAS Mammograms
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Yoo Eun Young , Kim Kwang Gi
Published: October 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to propose a deep learning-based method for automated detection of the pectoral muscle, in order to reduce misdetection in a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for diagnosing breast cancer in mammography. This study also aimed to assess the performance of the deep learning method for pectoral muscle detection by comparing it to an image processing-based method using the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. Methods: Using the 322 images in the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database, the pectoral muscle detection model was trained with the U-Net architecture. Of the total data, 80% was allocated as training data and 20% was allocated as test data, and the performance of the deep learning model was tested by 5-fold cross validation. Results: The image processing-based method for pectoral muscle detection using RANSAC showed 92% detection accuracy. Using the 5-fold cross validation, the deep learning-based method showed a mean sensitivity of 95.55%, mean specificity of 99.88%, mean accuracy of 99.67%, and mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 95.88%. Conclusions: The proposed deep learning-based method of pectoral muscle detection performed better than an existing image processing-based method. In the future, by collecting data from various medical institutions and devices to further train the model and improve its reliability, we expect that this model could greatly reduce misdetection rates by CAD systems for breast cancer diagnosis.
Acceptance and Completion of Rifapentine-based TB Preventive Therapy (3HP) Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kampala, Uganda – Patient and Health Worker Perspectives.
Authors: Semitala Fred C. , Musinguzi Allan , Ssemata Jackie , Welishe Fred , Nabunje Juliet , Kadota Jillian L. , Berger Christopher A. , Katamba Achilles , Kiwanuka Noah , Kamya Moses R. , Dowdy David , Cattamanchi Adithya , Katahoire Anne R.
Published: October 2020

Background: A 12-dose, once-weekly regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is effective in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We sought to identify potential barriers to and facilitators of 3HP implementation from the perspective of PLHIV and health workers in a routine HIV care setting in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 PLHIV and 10 health workers at an HIV/AIDS clinic in Kampala, Uganda. For both groups, we explored their understanding and interpretations of TB and TB preventive therapy (TPT), and perceptions about social and contextual factors that might influence willingness of PLHIV to initiate and complete 3HP. We analyzed the data using an inductive thematic approach and aligned the emergent themes to the Behavior Change Wheel framework to identify sources of behavior and targeted behavior change interventions.Results: Facilitators for uptake and completion of 3HP among PLHIV were fear of contracting TB, awareness of being potentially at risk of getting TB, willingness to take TPT, trust in health workers, and the perceived benefits of DOT and SAT. Barriers included inadequate understanding of TPT, fear of potential side effects, concerns about effectiveness of 3HP as well as the perceived challenges of DOT or SAT. Among health workers, perceived facilitators included knowledge that TB is a common cause of mortality, fear of getting TB, patient trust in their health workers, potential for once-weekly dosing and the benefits of TPT delivery. Health workers perceived potential barriers for PLHIV as being: inadequate understanding of TB and TPT, TB associated stigma, potential side effects, pill burden and challenges of taking TPT. Additional barriers included a lack of experience among health workers with the use of digital technology to monitor patient care.Conclusions: Using a formative qualitative and comprehensive theoretical approach, we identified key sources of behavior that could be used to guide selection of appropriate intervention to optimize 3HP scale up among PLHIV in high burden settings.
Practices and Predictors of Menstrual Hygiene Management Material Use Among Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan. A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Wasan Yaqub , Baxter Jo-Anna B. , Rizvi Arjumand , Shaheen Fariha , Junejo Qamaruddin , Hussain Amjad , Ahmed Imran , Soofi Sajid B. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries, women often use inappropriate materials to manage menstruation, which can pose a hazard to their health. Inappropriate menstrual hygiene management (MHM) can also have important downstream consequences beyond physiologic health, including the restriction of adolescent girls’ access to academic pursuits. This impacts one’s quality of life and has potential economic consequences for society. Methods Among menstruating adolescent and young women 15-23 years of age living in rural Pakistan (n = 25,305), we aimed to describe MHM practices and generate a predictive model of the socioeconomic and demographic factors related to the use of MHM materials. Beliefs and barriers around MHM were also summarized. The outcome variable included: those who practiced appropriate (reported use of a sanitary pad or/and new piece of cloth) and inappropriate MHM (reported use of an old cloth and/or nothing). Logistic regression was used to generate the predictive model, with results presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsInappropriate MHM practices were reported by 75% of participants. The majority (61.9%) reported using old cloths, 12.6% used nothing and 0.5% used old cloth with sanitary pad. One fourth of participants reported appropriate MHM material use, including, 16.2% sanitary pads, 8.6% new cloth and a few reported using sanitary pads with new cloth (0.2%). Inappropriate MHM practices were more common in lowest wealth quintile (OR 4.41; 95% CI = 2.77 to 7.01, P<0.0001), followed by those with no education (OR 3.9; 95% CI = 3.36 to 4.52, P<0.0001). Mothers were the primary source of information about menarche (84.5%). Among school-going girls, 22% reported not going to school while menstruating. The affordability of menstrual hygiene products, awareness of appropriate practices, access to clean supplies, and cultural beliefs were identified as factors contributing to MHM practices.ConclusionsFindings indicate the need for multi-sectorial efforts to introduce MHM-specific and MHM-sensitive interventions to improve MHM practices, ranging from availability of low-cost MHM materials to the inclusion of MHM education in school curriculums and within community platforms. Trial RegistrationThe trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03287882).
Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Endothelial Cells Under Low Shear Stress
Authors: Ren Peile , Zhao Yiwei , Zhang Daifang , Shinge Shafiu Adam U. , Yu Fengxu , Nie Yongmei
Published: October 2020

Background: Shear stress (SS) affects the morphology, proliferation, differentiation and migration of endothelial cells, and regulates protein expression.Methods: This study aims to conduct a proteomic analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under low SS. HUVECs were cultured on glass slides (test group n=30; control group n=30) and transferred to parallel-plate flow chamber. The test group was subjected to low SS at 4.58 dyne/cm2 for 2 hours, and the control group was maintained under static conditions. Approximately 2×107 cells were collected from each group and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The protein from each spot were identified by mass spectrometry. The biological functions and processes associated with the identified proteins were evaluated using the NCBInr, SwissProt, and DAVID databases. The protein expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, filamin B, Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran), and talin were assessed by Western blotting.Results: A total of 234 proteins were analyzed; 14 proteins were upregulated and 78 were downregulated in the test group compared with the control group. The expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, and filamin B was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of Ran and talin was significantly increased in the test group.Conclusion: The current results provide evidence that SS changes the protein profile of HUVECs.
Sex Differences in CRT Device Implantation Rates, Efficacy and Complications Following Implantation: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Dewidar Omar , Birnie David , Podinic Irina , Welch Vivian , Wells George A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: There is abundant evidence for sex differences in the diagnosis, implantation and outcomes for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) devices. Controversial data suggesting women are less likely to receive the device regardless of the greater benefit. The aim of this review is to assess sex differences in the Implantation rate, clinical effectiveness and safety of patients receiving CRT devices.Methods: We will conduct a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science to identify cohort studies that meet our eligibility criteria. Title and full text screening will be conducted in duplicate independently. Eligible studies report clinical effectiveness or safety of patients receiving CRT device while providing sex-disaggregated data. Implantation rate will be extracted from the baseline characteristics tables of the studies. The effectiveness outcomes include: All cause death, Hospitalization, Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2), Quality of life (QoL), 6 min walk test, NYHA class reduction, LVEF, Heart failure hospitalization. The complication outcomes include: Contrast-induced nephropathy, Pneumothorax, Pocket-related Hematoma, Pericardial tamponade, Phrenic nerve stimulation, Device Infection, Death, Pulmonary edema, Electrical storm, cardiogenic shock, Hypotension requiring resuscitation. Description of included studies will be reported in detail and outcomes will be meta-analyzed and presented using forest plots when feasible. Risk of Bias will be assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) by two review authors independently. GRADE approach will be used to assess the certainty of evidence.Discussion: The aim of this review is to determine the presence of differences in CRT implantation between women and men as well as differences in clinical effectiveness, safety of CRT after device implantation. Results from this systematic review will provide important insights into sex differences in CRT devices that could contribute to the development of sex-specific recommendations and inform policy.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020204804
Enamel Renal Syndrome: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Roomaney Imaan Amina , Kabbashi Salma , Chetty Manogari
Published: October 2020

Background: Enamel Renal Syndrome (ERS) (OMIM # 204690) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), failed tooth eruption, intra-pulpal calcifications, gingival enlargement and nephrocalcinosis. The rarity of the condition and the variability of the phenotype has led to ERS not being fully characterized. This scoping review aims to account for the range and current state of knowledge on ERS and synthesize these findings into a comprehensive summary, focusing on the pathophysiology, genotype-phenotype correlations and patient management from a dental perspective.Methods: The authors will conduct a systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), BioMed Central, EbscoHost Web, Web of Science and WorldCat. We will include all studies with human participants with a confirmed diagnosis of ERS. Articles will be screened in two stages i.e. initially by title and abstract screening and then full-text screening by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will be conducted using a customised electronic data extraction form. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies. We will structure the results according to themes.Discussion: Dentists should be able to identify patients with clinical features of ERS so that they receive appropriate referrals for renal evaluation, genetic counselling and oral rehabilitation to increase the patient’s quality of life. A scoping review is the most appropriate method to conduct this comprehensive exploration of the current evidence which may be sparse due to the rarity of the condition. It will also enable us to identify gaps in the research.Registration: This study is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://osf.io/cghsa).
Rounded Atelectasis After Exposure to Refectory Ceramic Fibres - A Case Report
Authors: Brückner Ulrike , Schulze Anne S. , Kampschulte Marian , Schneider Joachim
Published: October 2020

Background: Refractory Ceramic fibres (RCF) are man-made mineral fibres used in high performance thermal insulation applications and mostly to line furnaces, kilns and other industrial heaters. Analogous to asbestos fibres, RCF are respirable, show a pleural drift and can persist in human lung tissue for more than 20 years after exposure. Pleural changes such as localised or diffuse pleural thickening as well as pleural calcification were reported. Case presentation: A 45 years old man worked in high performance thermal insulation applications using refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) for almost 20 years. During a biennial occupational medical prophylaxis to ensure early diagnosis of disorders caused by inhalation of aluminium silicate fibres with X-ray including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed bilateral pleural thickening and a pleural calcification next to a rounded atelectasis. Asbestos exposure could be excluded. In pulmonary function test a restrictive lung pattern could be revealed. In work samples scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) classified aluminium silicate fibres. X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed crystalline as well as amorphous fibres. Conclusions: A comprehensive lung function analysis and in case of restrictive lung disorders additional CT scans are needed in RCF exposed workers in accordance to the guidelines for medical occupational examinations comparable to asbestos exposed workers.
Pretreatment with melatonin improves ovarian tissue cryopreservation for transplantation.
Authors: Shiroma Marcos Eiji , Damous Luciana Lamarão , Cotrim Fernanda Pereira , Roa Cristiane Lima , Cipolla-Neto José , Reiter Russel Joseph , Baracat Edmund Chada , Soares José Maria
Published: October 2020

Background: Melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions at the mitochondrial level. This indole may protect the ovarian graft during the cryopreservation process. Therefore, our study aimed to determine whether melatonin pretreatment improves rat ovarian graft quality. Methods: Twenty female rats were allocated to two study groups of ten animals each: 1) control group: ovaries cryopreserved using the standard protocol; and 2) melatonin group: ovaries cryopreserved in a medium with melatonin. Following 24-h freezing, whole ovaries underwent autologous and avascular transplants with retroperitoneal placement. After postoperative (PO) day 15, daily vaginal smears were obtained for estrous cycle characterization. Between PO days 30 and 35, animals were euthanized and ovarian grafts were recovered for histological and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL, von Willebrand factor, estrogen, and progesterone receptors) analysis. The ovaries of the three remaining rats from each group were studied immediately after thawing to assess cryopreservation effects. The ANOVA and the Tukey tests were used, and the rejection level of the null hypothesis was set at 0.05 or 5% (p<0.05).Results: Melatonin promoted faster restart of the estrous cycle and increased the expression of mature follicles, collagen type I, von Willebrand factor, Ki-67, and cleaved caspase-3 on corpora lutea and estrogen receptors in the ovaries. There was a reduction in apoptosis by TUNEL on follicles, corpora lutea, and collagen type III. Conclusion: Melatonin may promote the quality of ovarian grafts through the evaluated parameters. Reproductive function enhancement could be further studied.
AICAR activates AMPK to regulate STAT3 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation and iNOS expression in inflammatory pain
Authors: Xiang Hongchun , Cai Guo-Wei , Hu Liang , Zhu He , Lin Lixue , Liu Yongmin , Hu Xuefei , Chen Chao , Yuan Xiaocui , Weng Tao , Zou Yan , Pan Huilin , Liu Wentao , Li Man
Published: October 2020

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators can improve inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Inflammation translocate signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) to the nuclei of activated macrophages, and STAT3 phosphorylation promotes the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). In this study, we determined whether AMPK activation alleviate inflammatory pain via STAT3 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation. Methods: Immunoblotting was used to measure the expression of p-AMPK, and iNOS. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3(Ser727) and STAT3 in macrophages of local inflammatory tissues. Flow cytometry was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage.Results: AMPK activation with AICAR significantly alleviated pain hypersensitivity and inhibited the expression of iNOS in complete Freund's adjust (CFA)-induced inflamed skin tissues. CFA caused nuclear translocation of STAT3 and p-STAT3(Ser727) in macrophages of inflamed skin tissues. AICAR inhibited nuclear translocation of STAT3 and p-STAT3(Ser727) and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in the cytoplasm of macrophages. AICAR also inhibited the expression of iNOS and nuclear translocation of STAT3 and p-STAT3(Ser727), and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in NR8383 macrophages treated with CFA. AMPK activation also inhibited the ROS generation and the mitochondrial damage of NR8383 macrophages caused by CFA. In addition, transfection of STAT3 S727D decreased ROS and alleviated mitochondrial damage.Conclusions: Activation of AMPK attenuates inflammatory pain and suppresses STAT3 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in macrophages, resulting in reduced iNOS. Activation of AMPK also promotes phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727) in the cytoplasm of macrophages to alleviate ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage associated with inflammation.
Paleogeography of the Sartan Glaciation of the Hamar-Daban Ridge (Southern Baikal Region)
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Сryoiogy SB RAS, Enikeev F.
Published: October 2020

Based on the methods of remote identification and spatial fixation of glacial relief forms with their subsequent geomorphological analysis, the lower boundary of the chionosphere, the glacier feeding areas, boundaries and glacier parameters of the maximum phase of the Last Glacial Maximum glaciers (MIS 2) of the mountainous regions of Southern Baikal region were established and a paleogeographic map was constructed. The object of this study was the dynamics of exogenous processes during the development of the permafrost zone in the Southern Baikal region. The subject of the study is the glacial landforms of the Late Neopleistocene of the Khamar-Daban ridge. Glaciers were reconstructed using absolute marks of destructive and accumulative traces using topographic maps, aerial photographs and satellite images. Paleogeographic constructions were carried out using computer programs Google Earth Pro and SAS. Planet release. The final generalization of the primary material was carried out on a topographic basis on a scale of 1:500,000. The results obtained made it possible to establish the depression of the snow boundary at the maximum of the last cooling at 1300…1400 m in relation to the current climatic and to reveal the features of deformation of the lower border of the chionosphere. The reconstruction of the paleogeographic situation showed the spread of simple and complex (dendritic) types of mountain-valley glaciers, as well as mesh and mountain-glaciation glaciers in some parts of the mountain top. It was established that in the region of the maximum depression of the snowy border, some glaciers reached the coast of Lake Baikal, which could contribute to dilution of secondary aureoles and the displacement of placer mineral deposits. On the southern slope of the Khamar-Daban ridge, the snow boundary passed at an altitude of 1800…2200 m, and glaciation was limited to the development of only circus and circus-valley glaciers of small sizes, contributing to the formation of placers far removed from indigenous sources
Research of plastic ice, mineral formations and air of multi-frozen karst cave Heetey in Transbaikalia
Authors:   Institute of natural resources, ecology and cryology of SB RAS, Zheleznyak I. , Tsyrenzhapov S. ,   Institute of natural resources, ecology and cryology of SB RAS, Gurulev А. ,   Institute of natural resources, ecology and cryology of SB RAS
Published: October 2020

Heetey caves (“cold” and “warm”) which are located in the southern part of the permafrost in the Transbaikal Region have been chosen as the object of the research in the article. The subject is the physical and chemical parameters of the object. The results of the research in the “cold” Heetey cave are given in more detail. The following methods of this object research were chosen: study of the chemical composition of cave air using a chromatograph; radar survey of the cave grotto in the centimeter range; measurement of its own radio-thermal radiation using microwave radiometers. As a result of the research, the following results were obtained. The article provides information on the natural conditions that determine the dependence of the state of natural environments in the Heetey karst caves. The characteristics of occurrence and composition conditions of the natural environments of a karst cave (geological, cryogenic, atmospheric, groundwater) are given, taking into account the cryogenesis of their formation, transformation and influence on the cave air composition. A description of a rare low-temperature mineral, aragonite, which was first discovered in the cave and which is transformed into calcite over time is described. It is shown that the ice cover at the bottom of the cave has a layered structure, which is due to the seasonal ingress of surface water into the cave. The results of measurements of the surface air composition above the rocks’ surface and in caves, namely the content of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, explosive gases – methane and hydrogen, mercury vapors are presented. A previously unknown fact of an increased geochemical background of radon concentration has been established. The most probable reasons for the formation and increased background of radon concentration are indicated. Microwave radiometric measurements have shown that there has been warming inside the cave over the past decade. This fact is associated with a general warming of the climate in Transbaikalia, as well as with an increase in the number of visits to caves by unorganized tourists. With the use of a 10 GHz nanosecond radar, hidden internal cavities were discovered in the roof of the cave, which can further lead to its destruction. The prints on the walls of the cave (in its lower part) show that the level of the ice sheet in 2015 is lower than its maximum level (1990) by 10 cm, which corresponds to a loss of ice volume of 12...15 m3 per year
Radiothermal radiation of the ice cover of the Arakhley lake as a geo-indicator of changes in a water body
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Venslavsky V. , Orlov А. ,   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Kharin Yu. ,   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS
Published: October 2020

The object of this study was the ecosystem of a water body; the subject was the radio-thermal radiation of the ice cover as a geo-indicator of changes in the ecological state of the Lake Arakhley. On the basis of a systematic approach, the work assessed the contribution of the seasonal variability of the properties of the ice cover to the intensity of radio-thermal radiation as a geo-indicator of the ecological system. At present, the influence of the ice cover deformation during the crack formation period on the intensity of radio-thermal radiation has not been sufficiently studied, which determined the relevance of an experimental study for use in problems of assessing anthropogenic factors of influence. The aim of the study was to measure the seasonal variability of the intensity of radio-thermal radiation as a background geo-indicator of the temperature regime and deformation of the ice cover during the crack formation period in the absence of direct anthropogenic factors. In January-March 2020, remote radio-physical methods were used to study the intensity of radio-thermal radiation of the microwave range for the test area of the ice cover of the Lake Arakhley during synchronous contact measurements of deformation and temperature in a niche at a depth of 40 cm from the surface. According to the data obtained, the reaction of the deformation sensor signal to daily temperature variations with a time lag of 1…3 hours was recorded. According to the results of the study, the correlation coefficient of the data of the ice deformation channel and the intensity of radio-thermal radiation in the range of 8…14 mm exceeded ± 0.7 (with a window of 1000 s), with the data of the temperature sensor in most areas exceeded ± 0.9. This proves the relationship between the temperature and deformation of the ice surface with the intensity of radio-thermal radiation, as a seasonal geo-indicator in determining the ecological state of the lake. The increments in the brightness temperature during the period of increased crack formation in the 14 mm channel, with a significant correlation with the deformation data, were about 3…6 K, which can also serve as a geo-indicator of seasonal changes in the properties of the ice cover. The results of the study were obtained in the absence of direct anthropogenic factors and are background geoindicators of the seasonal state of the ice cover during the period of temperature and dynamic loads during deformation and cracking, and in the future will be used in practice for correction in assessing the impact of anthropogenic factors
Ideas about religious and political threats in Russian political science and philosophy
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Romanova I. , Mladenov V. ,   Transbaikal State University, Zhukova А. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the problems of religious threats in the framework of Russian philosophical, theological, sociological, psychological thought. The analysis was carried out based on the provisions of the theory of the social evolution of religion, theory of religious conflict and theory of social adaptation of religion. The results of the analysis showed that the situation of studies of the religious threat within the Russian scientific field is complicated by the active confrontation among authors of publications on this topic. A large group of authors publish works in which they indicate the existence of a threat to national security from all religions that are not considered traditional in Russia. Fulfilling a social order and reflecting their metaphysical beliefs, biased authors classify a wide range of religious groups as dangerous and extremist. On the contrary, another group of researchers publishes materials through which it tries not only to justify the need for scientifically verified research of state-confessional interaction processes, but also to protect the right of believers to exercise the right of religious choice
Peixes como ferramenta para a caracterização e comparação ambiental de trechos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Médio Paraíba do Sul, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Neves Luís Fernando Faulstich , Nassar Cristina Aparecida Gomes , Silva Junior Luiz Constantino da , Silva Michel Bastos , Mitsue Sandra Cristina , Bonfim Clayton Lameiras
Published: October 2020

O estudo partiu do pressuposto de que a integridade da comunidade de peixes tende a apresentar melhores condições biológicas em proximidades de regiões detentoras de ilhas fluviais, por estas possuírem refúgios capazes de subsidiar o desenvolvimento de algumas espécies de peixes. Para isso, foram comparadas as condições ambientais entre dois trechos distintos de rio, com e sem presença de ilhas fluviais. A comunidade de peixes da calha principal na região hidrográfica do Médio Paraíba do Sul foi caracterizada através de um modelo adaptado do Índice de Integridade Biótica de Peixes (IIBP). A avaliação da comunidade de peixes apresentou classificação ruim em ambos os trechos avaliados. O trecho com ilhas obteve condição um pouco melhor, apresentando valor do IIBP de 26, contra 22 do trecho sem ilhas. Com essa pequena diferença encontrada, acreditamos que não foi possível comprovar a hipótese elaborada. No entanto, com a diversificação da metodologia empregada, incluindo outros métodos de captura, bem como o aumento da frequência de coletas, talvez seja possível comprovar que as ilhas fluviais tendem a beneficiar a comunidade de peixes.
Diversidade genética em genótipos de Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) promissores para uso ornamental
Authors: Silva Laís dos Santos Neri da , Morais Gabriela Corrêa , Costa Lucas da Silva , Santos Jéssica Fernanda Ferreira dos , Silva Filha Camila Maria Ribeiro da , Silva Raimundo Nonato Oliveira
Published: October 2020

O mercado brasileiro de pimentas ornamentais tem apresentado expressivo crescimento, exigindo o conhecimento de características relacionadas a essa finalidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a diversidade genética em pimentas Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) utilizando-se de características qualitativas e quantitativas para a seleção de genótipos promissores para uso ornamental. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 11 genótipos e três repetições. Foram empregadas 20 características qualitativas e nove quantitativas. Utilizou-se análise multivariada e os dados qualitativos e quantitativos foram submetidos a agrupamentos hierárquicos pelo Método Ward e UPGMA, respectivamente. A análise conjunta das variáveis foi obtida com base no Algoritmo de Gower. No agrupamento com os dados qualitativos obtiveram-se seis grupos e para os dados quantitativos houve a formação de cinco grupos, sendo indicativo de diversidade genética entre os genótipos estudados. Na análise conjunta, foram formados cinco grupos possibilitando a recomendação dos genótipos GEN40, GEN57, GEN75, GEN77, GEN80 e GEN85 como os mais promissores para fins ornamentais por reunirem atributos de relevante valor estético.
Neural network-based approach to phase space integration
Authors: Klimek Matthew , Perelstein Maxim
Published: October 2020

Monte Carlo methods are widely used in particle physics to integrate
and sample probability distributions on phase space. We present an
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm optimized for this task, and
apply it to several examples of relevance for particle physics,
including situations with non-trivial features such as sharp resonances
and soft/collinear enhancements. Excellent performance has been
demonstrated, with the trained ANN achieving unweighting efficiencies
between 30% – 75%. In contrast to traditional algorithms, the ANN-based
approach does not require that the phase space coordinates be aligned
with resonant or other features in the cross section.
En la era hegemónica del cuerpo, una pausa para comprender el trastorno dismórfico corporal
Authors: Rincón Barreto Dubis Marcela
Published: October 2020

Para hablar del cuerpo, es necesario recurrir a la experiencia individual y colectiva que se tiene de este, a su construcción social y al nivel de satisfacción o aprobación que sea capaz de proporcionar. Así las cosas, el cuerpo y específicamente la imagen corporal, adquiere una relevancia especial en tanto, da cuenta de la cultura y las prácticas sociales contemporáneas.
El consentimiento informado en psiquiatría: fundamentación operativa y aspectos legales en Colombia
Authors: Gaitán Buitrago Juan Evangelista Tercero
Published: October 2020

El consentimiento informado más que un documento es un proceso dinámico de vital importancia en la construcción y fortalecimiento de la relación médico paciente, hecho que es aún más importante en el área de la psiquiatría, donde los elementos de juicio y razonamiento de cada paciente particular pueden variar de manera significativa, y en muchos casos se requiere el apoyo de la red social y familiar del mismo para consentir los distintos tratamientos a saber. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de los fundamentos operativos básicos en la obtención de consentimiento informado, y posterior a esto una revisión del marco jurídico que regula esta práctica en la República de Colombia. El autor relaciona los conceptos en la revisión de dos jurisprudencias de responsabilidad médica donde el consentimiento informado juega un papel crucial en el veredicto, y se revisan los eventos relatados a la luz de los conceptos fundamentales que sustentan la práctica.
Estrategias implementadas en programas de prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Pareja Hincapié Lina María , Mejía López Katherine
Published: October 2020

Se presentan las estrategias implementadas en los programas de prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. El estudio es de tipo cualitativo, con enfoque hermenéutico. Se hizo una triangulación con expertos y autores en el tema de drogas, de manera que se realizó la interpretación por medio de un sistema categorial (Atlas TI). Los resultados muestran como las habilidades para la vida, son las estrategias 0.más utilizadas en algunos de los programas, y también talleres reflexivos, vivenciales, estrategias informativas, formativas y de generación de alternativas, además las redes de apoyo y rutas de atención. Es necesario que estos esfuerzos respecto a las estrategias preventivas fortalezcan procesos de continuidad y rigurosidad metodológica basados en la evidencia científica.
Information and communication technologies, road freight transport, and environmental sustainability
Authors: Chatti Walid
Published: October 2020

Despite progress in reducing air pollutants in several countries, freight transport continues to have undesirable effects on environmental quality, human health, and the economy. Road freight transport, in particular, is associated with various negative externalities, including environmental and health damages, and the overexploitation of non-renewable natural resources. This paper investigates how ICTs interact with road freight transport to affect environmental quality regarding reducing CO2 emissions. The empirical strategy is focused on the yearly dataset from 2002 to 2014 in 43 countries. Using the two-step GMM techniques, the findings suggest that ICTs can decrease road freight transport’s negative impacts on environmental sustainability. Besides, the interactions of mobile phone and fixed telephone technologies with road freight transport are more efficient in reducing pollution than using internet networks. This paper underlines the importance of using ICTs to dampen road freight transport’s negative effects on environmental sustainability.
KAJIAN ETNOSAINS TRADISI MAAUWO DI DANAU BAKUOK SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Ilhami Aldeva , Syahvira Revi , Maisarah Ukhti , Diniya Diniya
Published: October 2020

Pembelajaran biologi tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan konteks lingkungan termasuk kearifan lokal. Tradisi maauwo merupakan kegiatan penangkapan ikan hanya boleh dilakukan sekali dalam 1 tahun di kabupaten kampar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan merekonstruksi pengetahuan sains ilmiah (scientific knowledge) dari tradisi maauwo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis etnosains dengan metode wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles-Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi maauwo sebagai salah bagian dalam sistem pengelolaan sumber daya perairan di danau bakuok. Masyarakat dilarang mengambil ikan dalam periode tertentu, dilarang untuk menyentrum maupun meracuni ikan serta menanami sawit di tepi danau bakuok. Penerapan aturan tersebut memiliki nilai konservasi lingkungan untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekologi di danau bakuok. Kearifan lokal maauwo di danau bakuok memiliki potensi sebagai sumber belajar biologi pada materi pelestarian ekosistem dan pencemaran lingkungan. 
INOVASI MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI TERINTEGRASI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DILENGKAPI DENGAN TES DIAGNOSTIK MULTIPLE CHOICE TWO TIER PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA DI SMP
Authors: Mardiani Retma , Khoiri Nur , Norra Bunga Ihda
Published: October 2020

Kurangnya bahan ajar menyebabkan pemahaman peserta didik pada materi biologi khususnya sistem ekskresi manusia termasuk dalam kategori kurang. Sehingga peneliti mengembangkan bahan ajar mandiri yang berupa modul pembelajaran biologi terintegrasi problem based learning dilengkapi dengan tes diagnostik multiple choice two tier pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia untuk siswa kelas VIII SMP N 1 Boja. Jenis penelitian research and development (R&D) mengacu pada model pengembangan Sugiyono (2015) yang dimodifikasi oleh peneliti. Tahapan model pengembangan meliputi: potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk, revisi produk dan uji coba pemakaian. Penilaian hasil validasi modul oleh dosen ahli dan guru IPA biologi memperoleh kriteria sangat layak, dengan presentase ahli materi 96%, ahli media 83%, ahli instrumen 89% dan guru IPA biologi 97%. Apabila dirata-rata maka hasilnya 91,25%. Kelayakan modul juga dapat dinilai dari hasil tanggapan siswa kelas kecil 93,33%. Sedangkan untuk kelas besar, uji kelayakan modul dengan cara perbandingan hasil pre-test dan post-test. Hasil pre-test 68% sedangkan hasil post-test 88% mengalami peningkatan. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan sangat layak. Pre-test dan post-test juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat miskonsepsi. Hasil tingkat miskonsepsi pre-test memperoleh pemahaman 72%, miskonsepsi 4%, menebak 2% dan tidak paham 22%. Sedangkan hasil miskonsepsi post-test pemahaman 91%, miskonsepsi 3%, menebak 1% dan ketidak pahaman 5%.
Autonomia para quê?
Authors: Cabral Eloisa Helena de Souza , Terra Ricardo Ribeiro , Muzy Paulo De Tarso Artencio
Published: October 2020

O financiamento das universidades públicas paulistas depende de um decreto de 1989 que criou a vinculação orçamentária de parte da arrecadação estadual e conferiu autonomia às instituições. O decreto previa critérios que foram insuficientemente seguidos, originando uma reconhecida crise de gastos e governança que, atualmente, em época de reforma tributária, instabilidade econômica e mobilização política sobre o tema, faz a autonomia universitária correr riscos. A experiência paulista de sua implementação oferece exemplos para a abordagem de problemas estruturais comuns às instituições federais, na governança, expansão e no foco no ensino, ou na pesquisa. Apresentamos uma agenda para a defesa da autonomia, com critérios de gasto, considerando que a reforma tributária é uma oportunidade para enfrentar os dilemas atuais e os desafios do século XXI.
Universidade para Quê e para Quem? Uma Análise Crítica dos Discursos Institucionais
Authors: Silva Elisângela De Jesus Furtado da
Published: October 2020

O que impulsiona a realização do presente estudo é a reflexão de como as universidades definem seu papel no contexto brasileiro. Para tanto, utilizou-se os textos institucionais das cinco melhores universidades do país segundo o Ranking Universitário da Folha (RUF). O estudo do material foi feito por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso, tal como proposto por Wodak (2001). Atualmente, a maneira como a universidade é descrita difere em grande medida e é permeada por questões políticas, econômicas, sociais e religiosas. Por meio da análise realizada, foi possível perceber que cada uma das cinco universidades possui modos distintos de enunciar sua missão ou finalidade, como também se difere os meios para acesso a essa informação. A missão ou finalidade descritas e analisadas revelam e a existência de projetos políticos amplamente distintos.
LUGAR DE MULHER É ONDE ELA QUISER: A ATUAÇÃO DAS DIRIGENTES DAS ASSOCIAÇÕES RURAIS EM CHUPINGUAIA E VILHENA, RONDÔNIA
Authors: Santana Angra De Souza , Lopes Silva José Kennedy , De Araújo Pessoa Emerson Roberto
Published: October 2020

A pesquisa tem como objeto de análise a atuação das dirigentes de associações rurais, enquadradas como organizações convivenciais, localizadas nos municípios de Vilhena e Chupinguaia, no estado de Rondônia. Foi adotada uma metodologia qualitativa, com técnicas de coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação-participante. As entrevistas foram aplicadas a mulheres dirigentes das associações rurais, dirigentes do sexo masculino e a órgãos públicos que atuam em contato direto com essas organizações convivenciais. As análises dos dados indicam que falta compreensão por parte dos companheiros das entrevistadas, dos homens dirigentes de associações e dos representantes dos órgãos públicos sobre a importância da atuação feminina e sobre as dificuldades de atuação que as mulheres presidentas de associações rurais experienciam no interior de uma cultura machista, que compreende o trabalho feminino como “ajuda”.