bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-surface magma movement inferred from low-frequency seismic events in the off-Nicobar region, Andaman Sea
Authors: Aswini K. K. , Dewangan Pawan , Kamesh Raju K. A. , Yatheesh V. , Singha Pabitra , Arya Lalit , Ramakrushana Reddy T.
Published: December 2020

Monitoring volcanic activity along the submarine volcanoes that are usually induced by subsurface magmatism is a challenge. We present fresh set of Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data that shows geophysical evidence indicative of subsurface magmatism along the submarine volcanoes in the off Nicobar region, Andaman Sea. In this region, we observed for the first time, hybrid very long-period earthquakes documented by passive OBS experiment. These events were initiated by high-frequency (5–10 Hz) with a clear onset of P-phase followed by low-frequency (0.01–0.5 Hz) oscillations in the range of 300–600 s with a prominent high-frequency (10–40 Hz) hydro-acoustic phase. A total of 141 high-frequency events were detected on 21st and 22nd March 2014 out of which 71 were of low-frequency oscillations. These events are distributed in the northwest–southeast direction along the submarine volcanic arc and Seulimeum strand of Great Sumatra fault. Off Nicobar region has been witnessing frequent earthquake swarms since 26th December 2004 tsunamigenic Sumatra earthquake. These swarms occurred in January 2005, March and October 2014, November 2015 and March 2019. The occurrence of low-frequency earthquakes and prominent hydro-acoustic phase are suggestive of sub-surface tectonic and magmatic influence. We propose that upward movement of magma pulses from deeper magma reservoir to the shallow magma chamber activated the strike-slip movement of sliver faults and induced earthquake swarms in the off Nicobar region.
Identification and characterization of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells targeting renally expressed antigens in human lupus nephritis with two independent methods
Authors: Tesch Sebastian , Abdirama Dimas , Grießbach Anna-Sophie , Brand Hannah Antonia , Goerlich Nina , Humrich Jens Y. , Bacher Petra , Hiepe Falk , Riemekasten Gabriela , Enghard Philipp
Published: December 2020

In the search for anti-renal autoreactivity in human lupus nephritis, we stimulated blood-derived CD4+T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with various kidney lysates. Although only minor responses were detectable, these experiments led to the development of a search algorithm that combined autoantibody association with human lupus nephritis and target gene expression in inflamed kidneys. Applying this algorithm, five potential T cell antigens were identified. Blood-derived CD4+T cells were then stimulated with these antigens. The cells were magnetically enriched prior to measurement with flow cytometry to facilitate the detection of very rare autoantigen-specific cells. The detected responses were dominated by IFN-γ-producing CD4+T cells. Additionally, IL-10-producing CD4+T cells were found. In a next step, T cell reactivity to each single antigen was independently evaluated with T cell libraries and [3H]-thymidine incorporation assays. Here, Vimentin and Annexin A2 were identified as the main T cell targets. Finally, Vimentin reactive T cells were also found in the urine of three patients with active disease. Overall, our experiments show that antigen-specific CD4+T cells targeting renally expressed antigens arise in human lupus nephritis and correlate with disease activity and are mainly of the Th1 subset.
Experience has a limited effect on humans’ ability to predict the outcome of social interactions in children, dogs and macaques
Authors: Donnier Sasha , Kovács Gyula , Oña Linda S. , Bräuer Juliane , Amici Federica
Published: December 2020

The ability to predict others’ behaviour represents a crucial mechanism which allows individuals to react faster and more appropriately. To date, several studies have investigated humans’ ability to predict conspecifics’ behaviour, but little is known on our ability to predict behaviour in other species. Here, we aimed to test humans’ ability to predict social behaviour in dogs, macaques and humans, and assess the role played by experience and evolution on the emergence of this ability. For this purpose, we presented participants with short videoclips of real-life social interactions in dog, child and macaque dyads, and then asked them to predict the outcome of the observed interactions (i.e. aggressive, neutral or playful). Participants were selected according to their previous species-specific experience with dogs, children and non-human primates. Our results showed a limited effect of experience on the ability to predict the outcome of social interactions, which was mainly restricted to macaques. Moreover, we found no support to the co-domestication hypothesis, in that participants were not especially skilled at predicting dog behaviour. Finally, aggressive outcomes in dogs were predicted significantly worse than playful or neutral ones. Based on our findings, we suggest possible lines for future research, like the inclusion of other primate species and the assessment of cultural factors on the ability to predict behaviour across species.
Aggressive surgery could overcome the extent of initial peritoneal dissemination for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma
Authors: Nishikimi Kyoko , Tate Shinichi , Matsuoka Ayumu , Shozu Makio
Published: December 2020

We examined whether the extent of initial peritoneal dissemination affected the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma when initially disseminated lesions > 1 cm in diameter were removed, regardless of the timing of aggressive cytoreductive surgery. The extent of peritoneal dissemination was assessed by the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) at initial laparotomy in 186 consecutive patients with stage IIIC/IV. Sixty patients underwent primary debulking surgery and 109 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery. Seventeen patients could not undergo debulking surgery because of disease progression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median initial PCI were 17. Upper abdominal surgery and bowel resection were performed in 149 (80%) and 171 patients (92%), respectively. Residual disease ≤ 1 cm after surgery was achieved in 164 patients (89%). The initial PCI was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.13) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.09). No residual disease and a high-complexity surgery significantly prolonged PFS (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and OS (p < 0.01 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively). The extent of initial peritoneal dissemination did not affect the prognosis when initially disseminated lesions > 1 cm were resected.
Bioturbation by endogeic earthworms facilitates entomopathogenic nematode movement toward herbivore-damaged maize roots
Authors: Fattore Sandrine , Xiao Zhenggao , Godschalx Adrienne L. , Röder Gregory , Turlings Ted C. J. , Le Bayon Renée-Claire , Rasmann Sergio
Published: December 2020

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been extensively studied as potential biological control agents against root-feeding crop pests. Maize roots under rootworm attack have been shown to release volatile organic compounds, such as (E)-β-caryophyllene (Eβc) that guide EPNs toward the damaging larvae. As yet, it is unknown how belowground ecosystems engineers, such as earthworms, affect the biological control capacity of EPNs by altering the root Eβc-mediated tritrophic interactions. We here asked whether and how, the presence of endogeic earthworms affects the ability of EPNs to find root-feeding larvae of the beetle Diabrotica balteata. First, we performed a field mesocosm experiment with two diverse cropping systems, and revealed that the presence of earthworms increased the EPN infection potential of larvae near maize roots. Subsequently, using climate-controlled, olfactometer-based bioassays, we confirmed that EPNs response to Eβc alone (released from dispensers) was two-fold higher in earthworm-worked soil than in earthworm-free soil. Together our results indicate that endogeic earthworms, through burrowing and casting activities, not only change soil properties in a way that improves soil fertility but may also enhance the biocontrol potential of EPNs against root feeding pests. For an ecologically-sound pest reduction in crop fields, we advocate agricultural practices that favour earthworm community structure and diversity.
Comparing cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in combating meningitis through nose-to-brain delivery using bio/chemoinformatics tools
Authors: Hathout Rania M. , Abdelhamid Sherihan G. , El-Housseiny Ghadir S. , Metwally Abdelkader A.
Published: December 2020

Bio/chemoinformatics tools can be deployed to compare antimicrobial agents aiming to select an efficient nose-to-brain formulation targeting the meningitis disease by utilizing the differences in the main structural, topological and electronic descriptors of the drugs. Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were compared at the formulation level (by comparing the loading in gelatin and tripalmitin matrices as bases for the formation of nanoparticulate systems), at the biopharmaceutical level (through the interaction with mucin and the P-gp efflux pumps) and at the therapeutic level (through studying the interaction withS. pneumoniaebacterial receptors). GROMACS v4.6.5 software package was used to carry-out all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Higher affinity of ceftriaxone was observed compared to cefotaxime on the investigated biopharmaceutical and therapeutic macromolecules. Both drugs showed successful docking on mucin, P-gp efflux pump andS. pneumoniaePBP1a and 2b; but ceftriaxone showed higher affinity to the P-gp efflux pump proteins and higher docking on mucin. Ceftriaxone showed less out-of-matrix diffusion and higher entrapment on the gelatin and the tripalmitin matrices. Accordingly, Ceftriaxone gelatin nanospheres or tripalmitin solid lipid nanoparticles may pose a more feasible and efficient nose-to-brain formulation targeting the meningitis disease compared to the cefotaxime counterparts.
Magnetoconductivity in quasiperiodic graphene superlattices
Authors: de Dios-Leyva M. , Morales A. L. , Duque C. A.
Published: December 2020

The magnetoconductivity in Fibonacci graphene superlattices is investigated in a perpendicular magnetic field B. It was shown that the B-dependence of the diffusive conductivity exhibits a complicated oscillatory behavior whose characteristics cannot be associated with Weiss oscillations, but rather with Shubnikov-de Haas ones. The absense of Weiss oscillations is attributed to the existence of two incommensurate periods in Fibonacci superlattices. It was also found that the quasiperiodicity of the structure leads to a renormalization of the Fermi velocity $$v_{F}$$

v
F

of graphene. Our calculations revealed that, for weak B, the dc Hall conductivity $$\sigma _{yx}$$

σ

yx

exhibits well defined and robust plateaux, where it takes the unexpected values $$\pm 4e^{2}/\hslash \left( 2N+1\right) $$

±
4

e
2

/
ℏ

2
N
+
1

, indicating that the half-integer quantum Hall effect does not occur in the considered structure. It was finally shown that $$\sigma _{yx}$$

σ

yx

displays self-similarity for magnetic fields related by $$\tau ^{2}$$

τ
2

and $$\tau ^{4}$$

τ
4

, where $$\tau $$
τ
is the golden mean.
Tribological performance of microstructured surfaces with different wettability from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Cui Zhenquan , Wang Hujun , Jiang Chaorui , Zhao Jie , Ren Luquan
Published: December 2020

The anti‐friction function of superwetting surfaces with superhydrophobicity has been demonstrated. However, the influence regularity of wettability to tribological performance, and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. Here, two kinds of microstructured surfaces with different wettability are fabricated on the substrate of steel by controlling surface chemical compositions. The water contact angles on these surfaces range from 0° to 151°. The ball‐plate tribological tests are performed under water lubrication. The results show that the tribological performance is closely related to surface wettability. The friction coefficient increases with the increase of contact angles when the surfaces are hydrophilic rather than superhydrophilic. In contrast, the friction coefficient on the hydrophobic surfaces decreases with the increase of contact angles. Furthermore, the best anti‐friction capability is obtained on the superhydrophobic surfaces, and the anti‐friction mechanism is elucidated. The lowest friction coefficient was 0.12 under the load of 10 N. This work provides strong evidence of an association between tribological property and wettability, which may inspire the fabrication and application of special wetting surfaces in friction control.
Chamaeleon DANCe
Authors: Galli P. A. B. , Bouy H. , Olivares J. , Miret-Roig N. , Sarro L. M. , Barrado D. , Berihuete A. , Bertin E. , Cuillandre J.-C.
Published: December 2020

Context. Chamaeleon is the southernmost low-mass star-forming complex within 200 pc from the Sun. Its stellar population has been extensively studied in the past, but the current census of the stellar content is not complete yet and deserves further investigation.

Aims. We take advantage of the second data release of the Gaia space mission to expand the census of stars in Chamaeleon and to revisit the properties of the stellar populations associated to the Chamaeleon I (Cha I) and Chamaeleon II (Cha II) dark clouds.

Methods. We perform a membership analysis of the sources in the Gaia catalogue over a field of 100 deg2 encompassing the Chamaeleon clouds, and use this new census of cluster members to investigate the 6D structure of the complex.

Results. We identify 188 and 41 high-probability members of the stellar populations in Cha I and Cha II, respectively, including 19 and 7 new members. Our sample covers the magnitude range from G = 6 to G = 20 mag in Cha I, and from G = 12 to G = 18 mag in Cha II. We confirm that the northern and southern subgroups of Cha I are located at different distances (191.4−0.8+0.8 pc and 186.7−1.0+1.0 pc), but they exhibit the same space motion within the reported uncertainties. Cha II is located at a distance of 197.5−0.9+1.0 pc and exhibits a space motion that is consistent with Cha I within the admittedly large uncertainties on the spatial velocities of the stars that come from radial velocity data. The median age of the stars derived from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and stellar models is about 1−2 Myr, suggesting that they are somewhat younger than previously thought. We do not detect significant age differences between the Chamaeleon subgroups, but we show that Cha II exhibits a higher fraction of disc-bearing stars compared to Cha I.

Conclusions. This study provides the most complete sample of cluster members associated to the Chamaeleon clouds that can be produced with Gaia data alone. We use this new census of stars to revisit the 6D structure of this region with unprecedented precision.
Gaia Early Data Release 3
Authors: Rowell N. , Davidson M. , Lindegren L. , van Leeuwen F. , Castañeda J. , Fabricius C. , Bastian U. , Hambly N. C. , Hernández J. , Bombrun A. , Evans D. W. , De Angeli F. , Riello M. , Busonero D. , Crowley C. , Mora A. , Lammers U. , Gracia G. , Portell J. , Biermann M. , Brown A. G. A.
Published: December 2020

Context. The unprecedented astrometric precision of the Gaia mission relies on accurate estimates of the locations of sources in the Gaia data stream. This is ultimately performed by point spread function (PSF) fitting, which in turn requires an accurate reconstruction of the PSF, including calibrations of all the major dependences. These include a strong colour dependence due to Gaia’s broad G band and a strong time dependence due to the evolving contamination levels and instrument focus. Accurate PSF reconstruction is also important for photometry. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) will, for the first time, use a PSF calibration that models several of the strongest dependences, leading to signficantly reduced systematic errors.

Aims. We describe the PSF model and calibration pipeline implemented for Gaia EDR3, including an analysis of the calibration results over the 34 months of data. We include a discussion of the limitations of the current pipeline and directions for future releases. This will be of use both to users of Gaia data and as a reference for other precision astrometry missions.

Methods. We develop models of the 1D line spread function (LSF) and 2D PSF profiles based on a linear combination of basis components. These are designed for flexibility and performance, as well as to meet several mathematical criteria such as normalisation. We fit the models to selected primary sources in independent time ranges, using simple parameterisations for the colour and other dependences. Variation in time is smoothed by merging the independent calibrations in a square root information filter, with resets at certain mission events that induce a discontinuous change in the PSF.

Results. The PSF calibration shows strong time and colour dependences that accurately reproduce the varying state of the Gaia astrometric instrument. Analysis of the residuals reveals both the performance and the limitations of the current models and calibration pipeline, and indicates the directions for future development.

Conclusions. The PSF modelling and calibration carried out for Gaia EDR3 represents a major step forwards in the data processing and will lead to reduced systematic errors in the core mission data products. Further significant improvements are expected in the future data releases.
Coronal mass ejections observed by heliospheric imagers at 0.2 and 1 au
Authors: Braga Carlos R. , Vourlidas Angelos
Published: December 2020

Context. We study two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed between April 1 to 2, 2019 by both the inner Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR-I) onboard the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft (located between about 46 and 38 solar radii during this period) and the inner heliospheric imager (HI-1) onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (STEREO-A) spacecraft, orbiting the Sun at about 0.96 au. This is the first study of CME observations from two viewpoints in similar directions but at considerably different solar distances.

Aims. Our objective is to derive CME kinematics from WISPR-I observations and to compare them with results from HI-1. This allows us to understand how the PSP observations affect the CME kinematics, especially due to its proximity to the Sun.

Methods. We estimated the CME positions, speeds, accelerations, propagation directions, and longitudinal deflections using imaging observations from two spacecrafts and a set of analytical expressions that consider the CME as a point structure and take the rapid change in spacecraft position into account. We derived the kinematics using each viewpoint independently and both viewpoints as a constraint.

Results. We found that both CMEs are slow (<400 km s−1), propagating eastward of the Sun-Earth line (westward of PSP and STEREO-A). The second CME seems to accelerate between ~0.1 and ~0.2 au and deflect westward with an angular speed consistent with the solar rotation speed. We found some discrepancies in the CME solar distance (up to 0.05 au, particularly for CME #1), latitude (up to ~10°), and longitude (up to 24°) when comparing results from different fit cases (different observations or set of free parameters).

Conclusions. Discrepancies in longitude are likely due to the feature that is tracked visually, rather than instrumental biases or fit assumptions. For similar reasons, the CME #1 solar distance, as derived from WISPR-I observations, is larger than the HI-1 result, regardless of the fit parameters considered. Error estimates for CME kinematics do not show any clear trend associated with the observing instrument. The source region location and the lack of any clear in situ counterparts (both at near-Earth and at PSP) support our estimate of the propagation direction for both events.
Symmetry results for variational energies on convex polygons
Authors: Bucur Dorin , Fragalà Ilaria
Published: December 2020

We prove that, in the class of convex polygons with a given number of sides, the regular n-gon is optimal for some shape optimization problems involving the torsional rigidity, the principal frequency of the Laplacian, or the logarithmic capacity.
Assessment of anthropogenic pressure on the environment in Rostov region
Authors: Khavanskiy Alexander , Latun Vladimir , Merinova Yuliya , Ivanchenko Anastasiya , Nedoseka Ludmila
Published: December 2020

Improvement of the methodology for determining the anthropogenic pressure on the region's environment, assessment of individual components and the total anthropogenic pressure, analysis of its formation and distribution in Rostov region. The main factors of anthropogenic impact on the environment are divided into four groups and presented in the form of demographic, industrial, agricultural and transport pressure, which, when summed up, give the total anthropogenic pressure. When determining certain types of anthropogenic pressure in the calculations, materials of statistical yearbooks and official data of regional reports on the state of the environment were used. For each type of anthropogenic pressure, indicators of anthropogenic impact and their numerical values were determined. The total anthropogenic pressure was determined by the sum of points. The features of the formation of anthropogenic pressure in Rostov region have been established. In cities with an industrial type of nature management, an increased and average anthropogenic pressure prevails. In rural areas of suburban urbanized zones and the development of mineral raw materials with an agrarian-industrial type of natural resource use, maximum indicators of environmental impact for agrarian areas, increased and average values of industrial, demographic and agricultural pressure have been established. Rural areas with an agrarian type, remote from industrial centers, are characterized by an increased agricultural pressure, lower and low values of the total pressure.
Integration of fire protection of farmland, steppe and forest tracts with agrotechnical processes of their treatment with the help of airships
Authors: Belozerov Valery , Denisov Alexey , Nikulin Mikhail
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a system analysis of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including for agricultural technologies, as well as airplanes and helicopters for fighting fires. Based on the results of the analysis, a systemic synthesis of a hybrid aircraft was carried out to integrate the solution of these problems, which is the airship. It is shown that airships are mobile, reliable and autonomous means, with a high carrying capacity and weight return, versatility of use and low total cost: 10 times less than the manufacture of a helicopter and 100 times lower than its operating costs. At the same time, unlike UAVs, airships allow the use of nanotechnology (membrane, thermomagnetic) separation of atmospheric gases as an “endless source of fire extinguishing composition” to suppress ignitions and landscape fires, and also solve all UAV tasks, including innovations in agricultural technologies.
Ecodesign of technology for electrolytic sodium hypochlorite production for drinking water disinfection
Authors: Skryabin Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

the paper deals with the variant of partial diversification of water supply facilities where the surplus of electrolytically generated hydrogen produced by electrolysis of sodium hypochlorite - water disinfectant -can be used for heating of production facilities and nearby consumers, production of conditioned water for technological needs from atmospheric precipitations, which confirms the possibility of economically expedient participation of the water supply enterprise in forming the regional market.
The impact of the digital revolution on the Russian financial sector development and the results of economic transformation
Authors: Yuryeva Oksana , Pudeyan Lyubov , Medvedskaya Tatiana , Zaporozceva Elena , Zemlyakova Natalia
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the impact of the digital revolution on the development of the Russian financial sector and the results of economic transformation. The authors substantiate the relevance by the fact that new opportunities for digital technologies and new regulatory rules are imposed on a complex international situation and an ambiguous global economic situation and create a very complex background for strategic planning of the development of small and medium-sized financial organizations. The authors built a model of the navigator of strategic approaches, made prerequisites for clarifying the model of the palette of strategies, created a new metamodel of digital transformations of a financial organization, created a new framework for building IT strategies, identified opportunities, limitations and obstacles to the implementation of competitive strategies of financial organizations in the context of digital transformations of the state economy. The directions for the development of digitalization in the banking sector of the Russian Federation are proposed: the introduction of a financial messaging system to reduce the dependence of the banking sector on international organizations, the introduction of regtech, the use of international experience, based on global trends in the use of fintech and digital technologies in general.
Diagnostics of the condition of marginal territories by lichen-indication methods
Authors: Lugovskoy Aleksander , Volgin Aleksander , Krylov Petr , Evdokimov Мikhail
Published: December 2020

The author’s definition of marginal territories is based on the principle of their uniqueness, specificity, and isolation. Marginal territories mean closed border areas located on the edge of districts or isolated areas in the center under the influence of factors and released a higher diversity and number of species, characterized by isolation from the center, which are based on the isolation of life of the population of the district. The assessment of the quality of the environment for the comfort of living in marginal territories was carried out in comparison with the control areas related to the lands of localities and recreational territories. It is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the habitat of groups of organisms sensitive to environmental degradation, belonging to the department of Lichens. The assessment of the condition of marginal territories was carried out by methods of determining the degree of lichen cover and the air pollution level parameter, the biotic index parameter, and the poleo-tolerance index in comparison with control territories related to the lands of settlements and recreational territories.
Indigenous strains of lactobacilli as a basis for probiotics design
Authors: Kozlovsky Yuri , Kozlovskaya Galina , Magomedova Aminat , Kozlovsky Vasiliy , Khomyakova Tatiana
Published: December 2020

Lactobacilli are the most common microbes used in therapy and farm breeding. Their effectiveness and safety depend on species and strains of bacteria. In this investigation the most importance properties more than two hundred of Lactobacilli strains were studies. They were divided to the groups in dependence of their origin. The antagonistic activity between the members of different groups as well as between Lactobacilli and pathogens and opportunistic microbes were analyzed. It was found that the source of the bacteria determine the adhesive properties, bacterial antagonism and bacteriocins production.
Economic efficiency of innovation in the restoration of soil resources in organic agricultural production
Authors: Kachanova Ludmila , Bondarenko Anatoly
Published: December 2020

The intensification of the use of the main means of agricultural production dictates the need to restore and increase soil fertility. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological basis for calculating the economic efficiency of innovation in the restoration of soil resources in organic agricultural production with an assessment of its practical implementation in the conditions of arid agriculture in the south of Russia. To prevent the loss of a significant part of soil resources, their restoration, an innovative approach to organotransformation in the restoration of soil resources has been developed. The proposed approach allows integrating organic farming and animal husbandry with the processes of restoration of soil resources for the implementation of organotransformation of soil formers in degraded soil resources. In the methodology for determining the economic efficiency of the innovative approach of organotransformation, five modifications are proposed. The implementation of the recommended modification provides for the lowest costs for the restoration of soil resources, a sufficient level of fertility for obtaining high yields, the net income is about 27 thousand rubles/ha or 454 rubles/c. The application of the developed approach confirms the economic feasibility of innovation in the agricultural sector of the economy in organic agriculture.
Influence of humic preparations on the content of carbohydrates in structural units and their water resistance
Authors: Lykhman Vladimir , Klimenko Alexander , Dubinina Marina , Naimi Olga , Polienko Elena
Published: December 2020

The effect of the combined use of humic preparations and pesticides in various dosages on the quantitative composition of carbohydrates in agronomically valuable soil aggregates was studied. Biologically active humic substances indirectly, through plants and microorganisms, intensify the release of sugars, which play an essential role in the initial stages of the soil aggregates formation. Pesticides have a depressing effect on the soil microflora development, which, in turn, is one of the factors of the agronomically valuable soil structure formation. The introduction of humic preparations reduces the toxic effect of pesticides and reduces seasonal deterioration in the structural state of the soil. It has been shown that the distribution of aggregates according to variants, both in the case of dry sieving and in the case of wet sieving, correlates with the dynamics of the carbohydrate content in soil particles. This tendency is especially perceptible in the variants where pesticides were introduced into the soil together with the humic preparation. The correlation between the distribution of soil aggregates and carbohydrates according to Chaddock’s scale is salient (r = 0.532). The introduction of humic preparations makes it possible to reduce the loss of the agronomically valuable structure even in aftereffect.
Mathematical models and soil fertility management software
Authors: Mitrofanov Sergey , Novikov Nikolay , Nikitin Vasily , Belykh Sergey
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of studies on parametric approximation in spaces R2 (functions of one variable), R3 (functions of two variables) and Rn(n>3) (functions of three or more variables). Various classes of functions satisfying a priori conditions were studied: f(0, 0, 0)=0, $\mathop {\lim 1}\limits_{{x_i} \to + \infty } \,\,({x_1},\, \ldots ,\,{x_n}) = {c_i}$, ci = cont. Working algorithms and C/C++ software functioning in Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 system in Microsoft Windows 10 environment were developed. The main studies of the authors were aimed at developing effective computational algorithms for constructing approximating functions of two variables from various given classes of three-dimensional data samples (three-dimensional interconnected time series). The article provides a detailed description of the problem statement, introduces classes of approximating functions, provides algorithms for estimating the parameters of approximating functions and a description of the software. The estimation algorithm considered in the article is constructed according to the scheme of the coordinate descent method with optimization of the step length (Gauss-Seidel method).
Cover crops as the main element of biologization of agriculture in the no-till system for reproduction of soil fertility
Authors: Tomashova Olga , Osenniy Nicolay , Abdurashytov Suleyman , Ilyin Aleksandr , Veselova Lubov
Published: December 2020

The goal is to develop the main elements of biologization of the No-till system in the conditions of the Piedmont-steppe zone of Crimea, to study the effect of various types of ground cover crops on soil fertility, yield and grain quality of agricultural crops in conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture. When intermediate crops were cultivated as ground cover crops in the No-till system, the available moisture reserves in the meter layer were at a satisfactory level after vetch cultivation - 107.6 mm and in the control (without ground cover crops) - 99.6 mm. The highest yield of green mass of ground cover crops was in all variants with the use of multicomponent mixtures, which was 2 or more times higher than the yield of intermediate ground cover crops from 1–2 and 3 spring crops and almost 10 times higher than that of winter rye. This made it possible to fix 30–33 kg of nitrogen, 4–5.9 kg of phosphorus and 13.9–16.7 kg of potassium in plants and in the root system annually by the end of the growing season of spring crops per hectare of sowing.
Autochthonous Georgian and Dagestan grapevine varieties on the collection in the Rostov region
Authors: Ganich Valentina , Naumova Lyudmila
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the research was to study 8 Georgian and 3 Dagestan technical autochthonous grapevine varieties and identify the most productive and promising ones for high-quality winemaking in the Rostov region. The research was conducted in 2016-2019 at Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Russia) according to generally accepted methods and state Standards in viticulture. Don autochthonous varieties Sibirkovyij and Krasnostop zolotovskij were used as controls. The soil - ordinary Chernozem carbonate. All the studied varieties had a high percentage of bud break (from 69.3% in Hotsa tsibil to 81.2% in Mahbor tsibil). The fruiting coefficient of 1.0 or more was observed in 6 varieties. The average weight of a bunch varied from 74 g (Mudzhuretuli) to 459 g (Adreuli shavi). The estimated yield was very high for the varieties – Adreuli shavi and Nakutvneuli, high – Goruli mtsvane, Hotsa tsibil, medium – Latsu kere, Grdzelmtevana, Grubela, Amlakhu, Sibirkovyij, Vernakhi and Krasnostop zolotovskij. Grapevine varieties – Goruli mtsvane, Grdzelmtevana, Grubela, Latsu kere, Hotsa tsibil, Nakutvneuli were selected as prospective due to agronomic traits and high quality of wine. These varieties are also recommended to be used in breeding for creating varieties with high technological properties for high-quality winemaking.
Ampelographic description, ampelometric screening and agrobiological characteristics of the Donus grape variety
Authors: Maistrenko Alexander , Maistrenko Lyudmila , Duran Nadezhda , Matveeva Natalia
Published: December 2020

The agrobiological and ampelographic characteristics of the Donus interspecific grape variety are given. A variety of universal use, average ripening period, the duration of the production period for 2010-2019 was 146 days with the sum of active temperatures 3297 0C. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness. With a sum negative temperature of 586 0C and an absolute minimum of minus 25 0C, the live buds from 49% to 72.8%. Fruit shoots 90-100%, fruitfulness ratio 1.8. Yield / bush ≥ 6.9 kg with a planting pattern of 3 m × 1.5 m. It has bisexual flower, clusters of medium density, cylindro-conical with 1 -2 wings, weighing 212 g. The berry is oval, greenish-yellow, weighing about 3 g. The parameters of the berry are 14.6 × 13.4 mm. The pulp is juicy with muscat aroma. Differs in moderate sugar accumulation with moderate acidity. Resistance to mildew and oidium is high. The variety has been defined as a donor of mildew resistance. It is used for the production of juices, dry and sparkling wines, fresh consumption. The wine degustation evaluation is on average 8.5 points on a ten-point scale. The Donus is a perspective variety for commercial vitiviniculturel.
Influence of the rootstock variety on the vegetative and uvological measures of grapes
Authors: Pavlyuchenko Natalia , Zimina Natalia , Melnikova Svetlana , Kolesnikova Olga
Published: December 2020

The goal of research – signification of influence of the genotype of rootstock varieties on the vegetative and reproductive characteristic of the Purple early (Fioletoviy ranniy) grafted grape variety during adaptation in the field. Observations of research was made with using rootstock varieties - PP 101-14, Kober 5BB, Vierul-3. The influence of the rootstock genotype was introduced on the basis of by the survival rate of bushes, plant growth characteristics of the Purple early (Fioletoviy ranniy) variety, and uvological properties. The least death of bushes was found by usage the rootstock Vierul -3. Was revealed influence of the rootstock genotype on the vegetative measures of the grafted variety. The genotype of the Vierul - 3 rootstock variety was materially affected the leaf-area and leaf-area duration of the bush. Was found that influence of rootstock on the reproductive properties of graft - rootstock combinations. Grafting on the rootstock Cober 5BB foster the increase slightly of yield per Bush. Uvology indicators point at a positive effects of rootstock Vierul-3 on the weight of cluster and berries, the size of cluster and berries, the structure and form of the cluster and total sugars. On-farm research of agrocenosis, is advisable to graft the rootstock Vierul-3 for Fioletoviy ranniy variety.
A technique for the estimation of the effect of investments in the digitalisation of the dairy subcomplex entities
Authors: Chernyakov Mikhail , Chernyakova Maria , Chernyakova Irina , Akberov Kamal , Kharlamova Irina , Sarycheva Elena
Published: December 2020

The paper outlines the results of the analysis made to study the possibilities of using digital technologies to estimate the effect of investments in the digitalisation of dairy subcomplex entities. A review of academic literature revealed an insufficient number of publications on the dairy subcomplex digitalisation. The technique used to estimate the index of dairy subcomplex entities engaged the principles for constructing composite information indicators recommended by the European Commission. The proposed approach connects the system of state programmes and the digitalisation level of the dairy subcomplex for the first time. Taking into account the industry specifics, an attempt has been made to integrally estimate the digitalisation in dairy cattle breeding. It is recommended to introduce two criteria to assess the informational support level of dairy cattle breeding entities: the share and the index of dairy cattle breeding digitalisation. The correlation between the digitalization index of dairy cattle breeding and the return on equity has been established. An author's technique has been developed for a preliminary estimation of the effect of investments in digitalisation. The proposed approach develops the existing methods for estimating the effectiveness of government programs and policies, taking into account the industry digitalisation.
Immunological aspects of inflammatory periodontal disease (analytical review)
Authors: Evstropov Vladimir , Zelenkova Galina , Tresnitskii Sergei , Spirina Anna , Bykadorov Pavel , Yenin Mikhael , Danileyko Еkaterina , Ermakov Alexey
Published: December 2020

Clinical and immunological parallels in inflammatory periodontal diseases are considered taking into account some features of the functioning of general and local structures of the immune system in periodontitis of varying severity, chronic generalized periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis. In the analysis of immunopathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an essential role is given to an imbalance in the immune and cytokine system.
Analysis of the micronization process effect on the amino acid composition in compound feed
Authors: Rudoy Dmitry , Pakhomov Victor , Maltseva Tatyana , Kulikova Natalia , Ugrekhelidze Natia , Enalyeva Larisa , Babajanyan Arkady
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of feed samples micronization on proteinogenic amino acids, such as: arginine, lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, tyrosine, serine, alanine. The optimal parameters of the micronization process of compound feed have been substantiated in order to increase the digestibility of feed and disinfection.
Ensuring food security and control of sheep and goat scrapie
Authors: Taranukha Nadezhda , Bezgina Yuliya , Fedota Natalia , Gorchakov Eduard , Ozheredova Nadezhda , Stepanenko Elena , Verevkina Marina , Okrut Svetlana , Svetlakova Elena , Simonov Aleksandr , Bagamaev Bagama , Sklyarov Sergey
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider the control of animal carcasses and the detection of such a disease as scrapie. For our country, this animal disease remains quite rare, but at the same time it should not be overlooked. This is due to the fact that there are regular purchases of breeding cattle from abroad, and this is a risk of importing an infected animal. The relevance of the work is that the disease of sheep and goats-scrapie can not be detected at very early stages of its development. Symptomatic manifestations do not appear immediately, there are no clear clinical characteristics, which is why this disease can not be diagnosed for a long time. To assess the health status and predict the quality of products obtained, new approaches are needed to study the products of sheep and goat slaughter. Great importance is given to standard methods of studying, identifying certain patterns in clinical, anamnestic, morphological, metric and anatomical indicators of the animal body. Using these indicators and changing their dynamic characteristics, it is possible to make significant adjustments in the definition of this disease, which would allow us to develop a number of rules for modern veterinary and sanitary evaluation of animal slaughter products.
Investigation of the processes of pollution and reduction of aquatic environment pollution on the example of artificial fish breeding enterprise activities
Authors: Zharkova Maria , Paramonova Oksana , Yudina Natalia , Balinskaya Maria
Published: December 2020

An important problem of modem society is the provision of the population with ecologically clean food products in quantity, range and quality, which guarantees an increase in their living standards and preservation of health. The solution to this problem is possible with the effective functioning of food market, dynamic development of agro-industrial complex, including production of marketable fish. Significant reserves for increasing fish production are water bodies existing in rural areas and new ponds being built on lands unsuitable for growing agricultural crops. As practice shows, when using inconvenient land for animal husbandry, we can get the following increase in cattle meat (kg/ha): in low-lying wetlands – 42, steppe, semi-steppe, desert pastures – 20. At the same time, from 1 hectare of pond mirrors built on such lands, an average of 200-300 kg of fish is obtained due to natural fish productivity, and with the use of fertilizers, various methods of reclamation and feeding fish up to 1000-1500 kg/ha. However, on the way to increasing fish productivity is the problem of ensuring water quality of the water body. Thus, the study of the causes and sequence of stages of pollution of water bodies determined the relevance of the research topic [1-3].
The volume of the sample as a factor of survival of sturgeon spermatozoa after cryopreservation
Authors: Krasilnikova Aleksandra , Ponomareva Elena , Shvedova Svetlana , Magomedov Magomed , Rudoy Dmitry , Olshevskaya Anastasiya
Published: December 2020

This research was carried out to examine the effect of various volumes (0.5, 0.75, 1.5 and 2 mL) of the frozen sample on cryopreservation of sturgeon sperm and also the possibility of using the method of vitrification of sperm under deep low-temperature cooling in the form of thin films on nets. The object of the study was the spermatozoa of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833) and the Siberian sturgeon of the Lena population (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). There is a direct relationship between the volume of frozen material and the survival rate of defrosted sperm. With the increase in freeze sample preservation frozen-melted cells is falling, as is the range of cooling rate to freeze the sample, in which the majority of cells are frozen at a speed different from the optimal values. When cryopreservation of a sperm smear in the form of a thin film, the analysis of cell movement activity after defrosting showed the suitability of such sperm for use in the fish-breeding process. The highest life time of the sperm as it was observed during the freezing of the films on the plastic samples.
Identification of semiaquatic avifauna species in shallow waters of the Don River delta using an autonomous remote-controlled midget floating craft
Authors: Khoroshev Oleg , Savitskiy Ramiz , Plyaka Pavel , Valov Georgiy , Ivanov Valerian
Published: December 2020

A survey method for identifying avifauna in shallow areas of the Don River delta has been developed and tested using a prototype of an autonomous remote-controlled and self-propelled floating craft equipped with technical means for optical-visual observation and video filming (hereafter referred as the complex). The complex is remote-controlled by an operator. The methodology of the work included designing the complex and testing it in open water bodies, reconnaissance of the shallow water bodies in the Don River delta where the complex might navigate, the approbation of the panoramic video recording of birds, and processing of the recorded video for identification of the species. The complex is able to reliably collect visual information on the move as well as being stationed at points for bird observation. Thanks to the test missions of the complex, the selected shallow areas of the Don River delta were explored for the first time and reviewed by panoramic video recording. The 16 birds were captured in the footage, and 7 out of them were reliably identified. The panoramic video records can be also used for educational purposes. The developed complex has a relatively low manufacturing cost and can be assembled in a university lab too.
Increasing the operational reliability of tractors by backing up the replacement elements
Authors: Buraev Mihail , Buraeva Galina , Belomestnykh Vladimir , Tsedashiev Tsedashi , Altukhov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the issues of choosing a redundancy method and the frequency of replacing tractor elements while ensuring the level of operational reliability in agricultural enterprises. It is noted that the operability of the system is ensured as long as there are reserve elements available to replace the failed main elements (and there is a possibility of switching the reserve elements into an operational state). One of the general methods for solving this problem is a method based on the use of Markov processes. In this case, the process of changing the states of the tractor is presented as a dynamic system, the state of which changes discretely in continuous time in a random manner.