bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PEMANGKASAN DAUN DENGAN VARIETAS PADA PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG PULUT MANIS (Zea mays Ceritina Kulesh)
Authors: R. Asmuliani , Pertiwi Erse Drawana , Megasari Ria
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemangkasan daun dengan varietas pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung pulut manis. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari November 2019 sampai Februari 2020 bertempat di Desa Palopo Kecamatan Marisa Kabupaten Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari tanpa pemangkasan dengan varietas Kumala F1 (PV01) ; tanpa pemangkasan dengan varietas Rasanya F1 (PV02) ; pemangkasan satu helai daun dengan varietas Kumala F1 (PV11) ; pemangkasan satu helai daun dengan varietas Rasanya F1 (PV12) ; pemangkasan dua helai daun dengan varietas Kumala F1 (PV21) ; pemangkasan dua helai daun dengan varietas Rasanya F1 (PV22) ; pemangkasan tiga helai daun dengan varietas Kumala F1 (PV31) ; dan pemangkasan tiga helai daun dengan varietas Rasanya F1 (PV32), perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan PV22 memberikan hasil terbaik pada jumlah daun, panjang tongkol dan bobot per petak. Perlakuan PV22 berpengaruh nyata pada parameter panjang tongkol.
DOA Signal Identification Based on Amplitude and Phase Estimation for Subarray MIMO Radar Applications
Authors: Mahdi Sultan , Tahcfulloh Syahfrizal
Published: January 2023

The overlapped equal subarray transmit radar, which is also known as the Subarray Multiple-Input Multiple-Output radar, utilizes the key advantages simultaneously of both types of multi-antenna radar, i.e. the phased array and MIMO radars, so that it is able to detect multiple targets even though it has a radar cross section (RCS) of a weak or small target. In this paper, it is proposed to develop a parameter estimation approach called amplitude and phase estimation (APES). This approach provides improved resolution to the estimation of the amplitude and direction of arrival (DoA) of the target reflection signal on the radar compared to the existing conventional estimation methods such as least squares (LS). The formulation of the APES method on this radar is based on the tested parameters such as DoA and RCS and continuously being evaluated. The results show that the performance of the APES method of this radar can detect targets very precisely when the number of subarrays (M) is greater than the number of detection targets (P), precisely M > P. For the results of DoA and RCS accuracy from the APES method, this radar is more accurate than the LS when testing the angular resolution between the two targets, an angle resolution of 2° is obtained for the APES method which is superior to the LS with an angle resolution of 5.8°. In these conditions, the APES method is able to accurately distinguish between two targets while the LS method is only able to detect one target.
Comparison of Different Models to Estimate Global Solar Irradiation in the Sudanese Zone of Chad
Authors: Soulouknga Marcel Hamda , Coban Hasan Huseyin , Falama Ruben Zieba , Mbakop Fabrice Kwefeu , Djongyang Noel
Published: January 2023

Sustainable future development relies on solar radiation, which is the main source of renewable energy. Thus, in this article, the monthly average global solar irradiation of four sites in the Sudanian zone region of Chad is estimated using different empirical models. The data used in this study were collected at the General Directorate of Meteorology of Chad. The reliability and accuracy of six models estimating global solar radiation were validated and compared by statistical indicators identifying the most accurate model. The results obtained show that the Allen model has the best performance for the Moundou site (5.760 kWh/m²/d, R2=0.843), the Angstrom Prescott model for the Sarh sites (5.658 kWh/m²/d, R2=0.805) and Pala (5.793 kWh/m²/d, R²=0.889), the Sabbagh model for the Bongor site (5.657 kWh/m²/d, R²=0.888). These models are validated against NASA data. The results show that the Sudanian zone of Chad has good solar potential and is therefore suitable for possible exploitation.
Implementation of physical education with blended learning based on teacher readiness in Indonesia: systematic review
Authors: Sigit Cahyo Nugroho , Alfani Muhammad Aliffajaruddin , Dwiyogo Wasis Djoko
Published: January 2023

This conceptual article is an overview of the implementation of the blended learning  model for physical education learning in the modern era, especially in Indonesia. The data obtained in this conceptual article is secondary data using the google schoolar database using a systematic review approach with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for literature reviews) analysis. Based on the results of the conclusions related to the systematic review that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the synergy between teacher readiness in mastering technology, the role of government through constructive programs, and high student literacy awareness.  The combination of fulfilling these roles creates a good combination in the application of blended learning to physical education learning in this modern era.
Students' perspective on offline and online learning in the Pencak Silat course
Authors: Putra Novrityan Bayu Putra , Nurrochmah Siti
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine the perspectives of students from the 2019 Health Physical Education and Recreation (PJKR) Program Study of the Faculty of Sport Science in State University of Malang regarding lectures using offline and online systems in the motion theory course and the martial arts practice course. The study used a quantitative descriptive survey design. The population of this study amounted to 227 students of the year 2019 PJKR Study Program. The sample of this study was 94 students and the analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive statistics. The results showed that student responses in offline lectures for theory courses were mostly positive as much as 94%, 79% positively agree with offline lectures for practical subjects, 70% respondents agree with online lectures for theory courses, and 89% students positively responded on online lectures for practical courses. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the response of the class of 2019 students to offline and online system lectures in theory and practice courses can be said to have been good and effective because they are in accordance with good learning principles.
The impact of the blended learning system on the learning outcomes of physical education and health students: a systematic review
Authors: Pratama Muhammah Hamzah , Roesdiyanto Roesdiyanto
Published: January 2023

Blended learning is a learning model that is currently receiving high attention from lecturers and students in recent years. However, with so many studies addressing this issue, there has not been a systematic review that specifically analyzes all studies related to the impact of the blended learning system in physical education at the tertiary level. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the overall effect of blended learning in physical education at the university level. Search literature studies obtained using Google Scholar, PubMed, Eric and Science Direct databases. In searching the literature, researchers used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search strategy includes the following predefined keyword combinations: “blended learning” AND “physical education” AND “sports” AND “college students”. All studies were extracted from the database and data analysis was carried out using the Mendeley application to filter out articles that were duplicates or did not match the research studies. Of the 665 publications obtained from the Google Scholar database, DOAJ, Eric and Science Direct, after passing through the screening, only 13 articles were found that matched the research intervention. The conclusion from the data analysis that has been done explains that the blended learning model is very good at improving students' motor skills. Subsequent significant improvements can also be found at the understanding or cognitive level of students using the blended learning method. In addition, volleyball is one of the most researched and studied sports in all sports, such as badminton, dance, football, athletics, and martial arts. Therefore, further research is expected to be able to dig deeper into the impact of blended learning on increasing student attitude scores and optimizing the use of blended in athletics or martial arts.
Survey on physical fitness levels of athletes aged 13-15 years old at Satria Mandiri Soccer School, Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Nugraha Arjuna Arya , Yunus Moch. , Widiawati Prisca
Published: January 2023

Physical fitness is one of the important components in the sport of football, because the game of football is played within 2x45 minutes so that a valid fitness status is needed in order to play football optimally. This study was conducted to determine the status of physical freshness in athletes aged 13 to 15 years at SSB Satria Mandiri, Bojonegoro Regency. The method in this study is descriptive quantitative with survey techniques. The population and samples used were athletes aged 13 to 15 years at the Satria Mandiri football school which totaled 22 athletes. Data collection includes several tests, a 50-meter running test using a running track, a body lift hanging test using poles/bars, a 60-second seating test, an upright jumping test using a board, a 1000-meter running test using a running track. Data analysis in this study is quantitative descriptive statistics. The results of this study obtained that of the 22 athletes who were subjects, 12 athletes obtained the moderate category with a percentage of 54.54%. The conclusion obtained from this study is that the level of physical freshness in athletes aged 13-15 years at the Satria Mandiri football school as a whole shows a moderate category.
Development of imagery exercises to increase confidence in penalty stroke for EHC (Eleven Hockey Club) male hockey athletes
Authors: Khofifah Meywah , Rahayuni Kurniati , Hanief Yulingga Nanda , Supriatna Supriatna
Published: January 2023

Imagery training is needed by EHC (Eleven Hockey Club) hockey athletes in order to increase self-confidence, especially during penalty strokes. The purpose of this study was to develop imagery exercises to increase confidence in video-based format. The method used in this research is the Research and Development (R&D) method with the following steps: needs analysis, product design, expert validation, product revision, small group trial, large group trial and final product. The subjects used in this study were athletes, coaches and expert validators. Development analysis using interview instruments. The product is validated by 3 expert validators: 1 (one) Psychology Expert, 1 (one) Hockey Coaching Expert, 1 (one) Hockey Expert and the results of the validator's assessment showed 89.28% to 100% rate which assign the product are very valid. The video product then tested by a small group of 5 (five) hockey athletes and a large group of 10 (ten) hockey athletes. From the results obtained from the small group trial, namely 80.83% (very valid) and the results from the large group 98.75% (very valid). So it can be concluded that the development of imagery exercises to increase confidence in doing penalty strokes for video-based Hockey athletes is feasible to use.
Creating a circuit training model to improve the agility of seven-year-olds
Authors: Sugiarto Tatok , Darmawan Arief , Novitasari Zihan , Nadlifah Nadia Milkhatun , Mazzidah Primita Nur
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study is to create an efficient circuit training model for 7-year-old kids. Research and development from borg and gall are the research methods used. There are 24 variations as a result of this research and development. Four training posts were developed by researchers, each of which tries to train one or two aspects of physical fitness. Strength, Endurance, Muscular Power, Speed, Flexibility, Agility, Coordination, and Balance are the 10 elements of physical fitness. Following a review of the literature on the characteristics of children aged 7 years, the researchers only created 4 posts, each of which may train one to two physical fitness components. On elementary school pupils in grade 1, this circuit training model's development and research were tested. The test results can be correctly implemented. Following the phases of study and development, it has been determined that this model can be used in schools.
Soft skill learning device for elementary school students through the learning of physical education in merdeka curriculum
Authors: Muarifin Muarifin
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the initial observations about the Soft Skill Needs for Elementary School Students through Learning Physical Education, Sports and Health in the “Merdeka Belajar” Curriculum. Subjects were 8 Physical Education, Sports and Health Teachers who filled out a softskill analysis questionnaire. The results show that Physical Education teachers still experience obstacles and difficulties in compiling and designing learning or teaching modules that emphasize aspects of soft skills. The conclusion is that Physical Education teachers have difficulty and do not know in compiling or making learning tools or what is currently known is teaching modules that emphasize soft skill elements.
Palliative care in the perception of families with patients oncology surgery
Authors: Aniśko-Trambecka Paulina , Popławska Małgorzata
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The family's participation in
palliative care is usually very high, especially when
the patient is in hospice home care.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the
perception of palliative care by families of
oncological patients from Podlaskie Province,
Poland.
Materials and methods: The study included 108
oncology surgery patients' families, 50.8% women
and 49.2% men, aged 40 to 80 years. The study used
the method of a diagnostic survey with the use of a
proprietary questionnaire.
Results: 66.7% of people recognized the hospice as
comprehensive care for the terminally ill patient;
74.9% of them had positive associations with the
hospice; 82.4% of people believed that death was a
natural phenomenon; 75.2% were against
euthanasia; according to 89.8%, the information
provided to the family in a hospice should be
comprehensive; support in the hospice should be
provided mainly by a permanent clergyman (76.4%)
and people after the loss of a loved one (65.4%); the
most desirable religious practices in the hospice
were the mass (86.7%), rosary prayer (81.6%),
confession (81.2%) and sacraments (81.2%); in the
hospice showing a lot of kindness, smile and
courtesy on the part of the hospice staff to patients
(92.5%) and their families (88.5%); the patient
should have unlimited access to a clergyman of his
religion (98.8%), a psychologist (98.1%) and a
physiotherapist (94.6%) in a hospice; according to
87.3% of patients' family members, the society does
not pay much attention to palliative care; problems
in hospice care result from the growing number of
patients with chronic diseases (96.7%) and the lack
of public knowledge about palliative care (92.7%);
improvement of the quality of medical care in
hospices would be achieved by an increase in the
number of staff (87.4%) and an increase in the
number of beds (82.4%).
Conclusions: In the opinion of most families of
patients with cancer, hospice is comprehensive care
for terminally ill patients and the right place for
terminally ill patients, regardless of their diagnosis.
The respondents considered a permanent clergyman
and people after the loss of a loved one to be the most
appropriate people to provide support to hospice
patients. The respondents saw problems in patient
care at the end of life, mainly in the increasing
number of patients with chronic diseases and the lack
of knowledge of society about palliative care, its
increase in the number of medical personnel, and the
increase in the number of beds. The respondents
considered the hospice as a place for people
suffering from an incurable disease, regardless of the
diagnosis, in which the patient does not feel lonely,
has support, can feel safe, and as a form of care for
the patient, it would be recommended to other
families
Analysis of cervicovaginal smears in terms of their technical quality
Authors: Borsuk A. , Pryczynicz Anna , Ustymowicz Konstancja , Jagodzińska D. , Guzińska-Ustymowicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the technical evaluation of cervicovaginal smears as well as the correlation of the technical quality of the smear with the patient’s age.
Materials and methods: The study included a group of 43,696 women who underwent exfoliative cytology. The smears were stained according to the Papanicolaou method and then underwent cytological evaluation based on the Bethesda system.
Results: The technical quality of the cytology smears was found to be satisfactory (AI) in 80.6% of cases, acceptable for cytological evaluation (AII) in 19% mainly as a result of poor readability of the smear due to numerous inflammatory cells (35.5%), whereas not suitable for evaluation (AIII) was in 0.4% of cases. Moreover, there was a high proportion of smears without cells from the cervical canal in women under 50 years of age. In women over 50, the most common cause of conditional evaluation of the smear was its excessive dryness
Conclusions: In all age groups, an abundance of inflammatory cells was a factor that hindered cytologic evaluation of the smear. Only representative material containing cells from the cervical canal should be collected. It is of utmost importance to pay special attention to the correct and quick fixation of smears taken from women over 50 years of age.
Colorectal cancer in 17 year old girl
Authors: Ustymowicz Konstancja
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. It ranks 4th in morbidity and mortality from this cancer. The average age of onset is 55 years. Most of these tumors arise de novo in both the colon and rectum. Some cancers are associated with molecular abnormalities in the course of Lynch syndrome.
Case presentation: A 17-year-old woman presented to the emergency room of the Children’s Hospital in Bialystok with symptoms of
obstruction. The patient reported abdominal pain and occasional blood in the stool. Additional test showed anemia with haemoglobin 7 g/dL and Red Blood Cells count 3.0 thousand. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a nodular lesion in the ileocaecal valve and 3 mestastatic focus in the liver.
Conclusions: Single cases of CRC in children or young adults are described in the literature. They are usually advanced tumors with poor prognosis.
ATTACKS ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFTS WITH THE USE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS. TYPOLOGY OF THE PERPETRATORS
Authors: KUCHAREK Daniel
Published: January 2023

The following article builds on two interconnected objectives. The first is to develop a more detailed description of the perpetrators of the attacks on passenger aircrafts with the use of chemical warfare agents as well as analyze the psychological and social conditions conducive to such use. The analysis itself has been carried out based on the cases of non-military use of chemical warfare agents by individuals and non-state agencies recorded in the past. The second objective is to attempt to create an ideological and psychological model of a typical perpetrator of an attack, based on the analysis of their motivation and ideology, which is investigated as a psychological aspect by referring it to the Nietzschean concept of ressentiment.
WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA PORTU LOTNICZEGO RZESZÓW-JASIONKA PODCZAS PRZERZUTU SIŁ WZMOCNIENIA
W 2022 ROKU
Authors: Sommer Hanna
Published: January 2023

W artykule podjęto próbę opisania wybranych zagadnień bezpieczeństwa portu lotniczego Rzeszów-Jasionka w trakcie inwazji Rosji na Ukrainę w 2022 roku. Realia współczesnego świata wskazują, iż liberalne podejście do pokoju i wojny jest właściwie fikcją, a powrót do założeń realistycznej teorii bezpieczeństwa wydaje się być koniecznością.
W części empirycznej przeprowadzono badania wśród mieszkańców terenu przyległego do lotniska Rzeszów – Jasionka oraz studentów Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Celem badań było poznanie oceny wybranych elementów poziomu zagrożenia portu lotniczego Rzeszów – Jasionka w czasie trwania przerzutu sił wzmocnienia. Wojna, która toczy się tak blisko naszego kraju i Podkarpacia budzi przerażenie mieszkańców.
NOWE WYZWANIA I ZAGROŻENIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA MORSKIEGO W KONTEKŚCIE ZADAŃ MORSKIEJ SŁUŻBY POSZUKIWANIA I RATOWNICTWA
Authors: Śmiałek Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie wyzwań i zagrożeń bezpie-czeństwa morskiego obszaru Morza Bałtyckiego, dotychczas występujących oraz zagrożeń w nowych odsłonach. Zagrożenia i wyzwania w tym obszarze wywierają negatywny wpływ na środowisko morskie jak również na uprawianie żeglugi morskiej. Wynika z tego potrzeba realizacji konkretnych działań przez właściwe komponenty sił morskich. W opracowaniu wskazano zadania Morskiej Służby Poszukiwania i Ratownictwa, których istotą będzie przeciwdziałanie różnorakim zagrożeniom na morzu, poczynając od holowania awaryjnego uszkodzonych stat-ków, asysty ratowniczej, gaszenia pożarów na statkach, zwalczania zagrożeń ole-jowych na morzu a także poszukiwania i ratownictwa rozbitków, udzielania im pomocy medycznej, pełnienia funkcji ośrodka koordynacyjnego w przypadku akcji ratowniczych oraz innych sytuacji kryzysowych na morzu.
PORT MORSKI JAKO ELEMENT GRANICY PAŃSTWOWEJ RP
Authors: Toczyński Patryk
Published: January 2023

Port morski stanowi miejsce styczności podróżującego statku z terytorium pań-stwa w którym następuje transfer osób oraz wymiana towarów. Jednostki mor-skie wprawdzie przekraczają granicę państwową poprzez przekroczenie linii morza terytorialnego jednakże wymiana osobowa, rozładunek czy załadunek towarów oraz całość procedur związanych z przekroczeniem granicy pań-stwowej na morzu, następuje w porcie morskim. Granica morska jest jednocze-śnie granicą zewnętrzną Unii Europejskiej ponieważ jednostki morskie wpływa-jące na Polskie wody mogą przybywać z różnych części świata. Taki stan rze-czy wymaga odpowiedniego zabezpieczenia portów morskich oraz ochronę morskich przejść granicznych. Port Morski stanowi kluczowe oraz newralgiczne miejsce w zakresie ochrony morskiego odcinka granicy państwowej Polski.
Korzyści poznawcze z dyskursologicznego spojrzenia na teksty dawne (przypadek renesansowej polemiki religijnej)
Authors: Hawrysz Magdalena
Published: January 2023

W opracowaniu przedstawiono poznawcze pożytki z zastosowania kategorii dyskursu dla oglądu teks-
tów dawnych, w których uaktualnia się konfesyjny dyskurs polemiczny z okresu reformacji. Obiektem
badań są komunikacyjne aspekty języka oraz różnorodne wymiary życia społeczno-kulturowego, celem
zaś analiz – nie tyle charakterystyka kodu, ile opis jego użytkowników, rozumianych jako podmioty
dyskursu oraz relacji między nimi, ich systemu wiedzy, sposobów myślenia o świecie, podstawowych
pojęć, idei i wartości (czy raczej ich profili) zawartych w dyskursie, wykorzystywanych strategii komuni-
kacyjnych, wreszcie – uwarunkowań kulturowych i społecznych oraz ram instytucjonalnych, w których
odbywa się dyskurs. W perspektywie badawczej wszystkie te parametry składają się na charakterystykę
dyskursu z jednej strony, z drugiej, kategoria dyskursu pozwala w sposób uspójniony uwzględnić w opi-
sie tak różnorodne właściwości.
A b s t r a c t
The study discusses the cognitive benefits of a discourse-oriented reading of old texts whose confessional
polemic discourse of the Reformation period becomes meaningful again. The object of research are the
communicative aspects of language and the various dimensions of socio-cultural life. The aim of the
analysis is not so much discussing the characteristics of the code, but the description of its users, seen
as subjects of discourse, and of the relations among them, of their knowledge system, ways of thinking
about the world, basic concepts, ideas and values (or rather their profiles) contained in discourse, the
communication strategies used, as well as the cultural and social conditions and institutional frame-
work in which the discourse takes place. While on the one hand, from the research perspective, all these
parameters make up the characteristics of discourse, on the other, the category of discourse allows for
a consistent inclusion of such diverse properties in its description.
Лингвофилософия и искусственный интеллект: логико-семантический подход к искусственному мышлению
Authors: КОЧАРЯН КАРЕН
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the elements of modern linguophilosophical knowledge from the standpoint of their
ability to form the basis for building the architecture of general artificial intelligence (AGI). The aim of
the paper is to show the prospects of the logical-semantic approach to achieving one of the main goals of
information processing by general artificial intelligence, i.e. deriving meaning in the form that is inherent
in human thinking and adequate communication. The article examines the ways of constructing a dis-
course by artificial thinking in simultaneously flowing speech and visual streams, which are the source
material of the research. It also describes the essence of the informational process of forming thought,
which can provide a new methodological basis for linguistic research. The scientific novelty of the work
lies in the approach to the description of the architecture of general artificial intelligence from both
logical and semantic perspectives that make use of the conceptual apparatus of linguophilosophy. We
focus on the problem of the founding by artificial intelligence of non-objectifying acts inherent in human
consciousness, and on the solution of the question of truth in the discourse built by artificial intelligence.
Ре зюме
Предметом настоящей статьи являются элементы современного лингвофилософского знания
с позиций их возможности составить основу построения архитектуры общего искусственного
интеллекта (AGI).
Цель данной работы – показать перспективы логико-семантического подхода в достижении
одного из главных результатов обработки информации общим искусственным интеллектом –
выведение смысла в том виде, который присущ мышлению человека, и адекватная коммуникация.
В статье рассмотрены пути построения искусственным мышлением дискурса в протекающих
одновременно речевом и визуальном потоках, явивщихся исходным материалом исследования,
описана суть информационного процесса формирования мысли, что может представить новую
методологическую основу лингвистических исследований.
Научная новизна работы заключается в подходе к описанию архитектуры общего искус-
ственного интеллекта с логико-семантических позиций с использованием понятийного аппарата
лингвофилософии. Особое внимание уделено решению проблемы фундирования искусственным
интеллектом необъективирующих актов, присущих человеческому сознанию, и решению вопроса
истинности в дискурсе, построенном искусственным интеллектом.
Słowotwórstwo gniazdowe na usługach diachronii – w poszukiwaniu efektywnej metody badań zapożyczeń leksykalnych
Authors: Kwaśnicka-Janowicz Agata
Published: January 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie głównych założeń metodologicznych słowotwórstwa gniazdowego, wy-
pracowanego jako propozycja językoznawstwa synchronicznego, oraz pytanie o możliwość zastosowania
tej metody w badaniach diachronicznych. Jak wykazały przedstawione zestawienia, perspektywa języko-
znawstwa wewnętrznego w badaniach historycznojęzykowych – wizualizacja danych w układzie gniaz-
dowym nałożonym na pola semantyczne – pozwala na obserwację wpływu układów słowotwórczych na
procesy adaptacji i żywotność zapożyczeń w języku biorcy. Uzupełnienie tych badań o ujęcia z zakresu
historycznej (oraz kognitywnej) socjolingwistyki i pragmatyki językowej, na tle analiz kwantytatywno-kor-
pusowych, pozwala na efektywne badanie procesu zapożyczeń leksykalnych w aspekcie diachronicznym.
Nest-oriented description of word-formation at the service of diachronic studies – in search for an effective method
of analyzing lexical borrowings
Summary
The aim of the article is to present the main methodological assumptions of nest-oriented description
of word-formation that has been developed within synchronic linguistics, as well as to determine the
possibility of applying this method to diachronic research. As the data presented in the paper show, the
perspective of internal linguistics within historical linguistic research – the visualization of data in a nest
word-formation system superimposed on semantic fields – makes it possible to observe the influence of
word-formation systems on the adaptation processes and on the frequency of borrowings in the recipient
language. Supplementing this research with approaches from the area of historical (and cognitive) socio-
linguistics and linguistic pragmatics, against the background of quantitative-corpus analyses, allows for
an effective study of the process of lexical borrowing in a diachronic perspective.
Identyfikacja bifonematycznych wystąpień wybranych diad ortograficznych w języku polskim na potrzeby automatycznej transkrypcji tekstu
Authors: Śledziński Daniel
Published: January 2023

W artykule omówiono metodę identyfikacji form fleksyjnych języka polskiego zawierających diadę
ortograficznych ze zbioru: dz, dź, dż oraz rz, która oznacza dwa fonemy. Wszystkie wymienione struk-
tury najczęściej są monofonematyczne, a więc wystąpienia bifonematyczne można uznać za wyjątkowe.
Zagadnienie jest istotne dla potrzeb związanych z przetwarzaniem języka, głównie dla automatycznej
konwersji tekstu ortograficznego na transkrypcję fonologiczną lub transkrypcję fonetyczną. Taką funkcję
pełni zaproponowany przez autora wielowarstwowy model transkrypcji. W niniejszej publikacji w skró-
cie przedstawiono założenia dotyczące tego modelu w kontekście omawianego problemu. Najważniejszą
częścią publikacji stanowi opis badania, którego celem było wyznaczenie nagłosowych ciągów ortogra-
ficznych występujących tylko w określonych formach fleksyjnych, a więc umożliwiających ich identy-
fikację.
The identification of biphonematic occurrences
of selected orthographic dyads in Polish
for the purposes of automatic text transcription
Abstract
The article discusses the methods of identifying Polish inflectional forms that contain the orthographic
dyad from the set: dz, dź, dż or rz, which denotes two phonemes. The mentioned structures are mainly
monophonematic, so the biphonematic occurrences can be considered exceptional. This issue is important
for language processing, mainly for the automatic conversion of an orthographic text into phonological
or phonetic transcription. This function is served by the multilayer transcription model proposed by the
author. The paper briefly presents the assumptions of this model in the context of the problem discussed.
The most important part of the article is the description of the research, whose aim was to determine onset
orthographic sequences that appear only in certain inflectional forms, which enables their identification.
Pojęcie a inne terminy opisujące procesy mentalne w gramatyce Ronalda Langackera. Spojrzenie z perspektywy użytkownika terminologii kognitywnej
Authors: Waszakowa Krystyna
Published: January 2023

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu omówienie, w jaki sposób R. Langacker posługuje się należącym do pod-
stawowego instrumentarium autorskiej semantyki pojęciowej terminem pojęcie. Jego rola jest ukazana
ze szczególnym podkreśleniem funkcji, jaką odgrywa w opisie zarówno: 1) struktur pojęciowych, opar-
tych na wyabstrahowanych z codziennego doświadczenia somatycznego schematach aktywności, jak
i 2) leżących u podstaw znaczenia językowego procesów konceptualizacyjnych, na które składa się treść
pojęciowa i sposób jej obrazowania. Konfrontując pojęcie z innymi terminami (m.in. takimi jak koncep
tualizacja, treść pojęciowa, konstrukcja pojęciowa, pojęcie elementarne, pojęcie minimalne, metafora
pojęciowa, integracja pojęciowa), autorka stara się określić jego specyfikę oraz usytuowanie i status
w Langackerowskiej gramatyce kognitywnej. W końcowej części pracy zestawia i porównuje Langacke-
rowski concept z tzw. konceptem kulturowym – terminem używanym w wybranych pracach rosyjskich
i ujęciach polskich etnolingwistów.
Concept vs. other terms describing mental processes
in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar.
The perspective of a cognitive terminology user
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the way Ronald Langacker employs the notion of concept, one of the
basic terms developed within conceptual semantics. The present discussion of the term concept focuses
on the function it serves in the description of both (i) the semantic structures based on “schematized pat-
terns of activity abstracted from everyday bodily experience” (Langacker 2008: 32) and (ii) the concep-
tualization processes based on the content and its construal. By comparing concept with other important
terms, e.g. conceptualization, content, conceptual construction, primitive concept, minimal concept, con
ceptual metaphor, and conceptual integration, the author of the paper strives to delineate the specificity
and status of the discussed notion in Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. In the final part of the paper, we
compare and contrast Langackerian concept with the notion of cultural concept used in selected Russian
linguistic works and by Polish ethnolinguists.
PERMANENTNE ZAGROŻENIE ŻEGLUGI – CZY ODGRZEWANY KOTLET?
Authors: Karwan Henryk
Published: January 2023

Od chwili użycia pierwszych min morskich (były to pływające beczki z prochem i zapalnikiem kontaktowym), skonstruowane przez Davida Bushnella i po raz pierwszy postawione w amerykańskiej wojnie o niepodległość w 1776 roku, miny stanowią bardzo poważne zagrożenie dla żeglugi. Z szacunkowych danych wynika, że miny w obu wojnach światowych były przyczyną zatopienia lub uszkodzenia ponad 20% całości strat okrętów i transportowców. Natomiast, z analizy literatury przedmiotu wynika, że po 1945 roku, w różnych konfliktach lokalnych postawiono ponad 20000 min morskich. Zatopionych zostało około 250, a uszkodzonych ponad 200 jednostek pływających. Miny były stawiane m.in. w bitwie o Falklandy w 1982 roku i w wojnie w Iraku (w latach 1990÷1991). W dzisiejszej wojnie ukraińsko-rosyjskiej min użyto u wybrzeży Odessy do zaminowania podejść do portu i wywołania stałego zagrożenia minowego na Morzu Czarnym, co dodatkowo ogranicza możliwości przewozowe floty handlowej na wodach Ukrainy, Rumunii, Bułgarii i Turcji. Z tego wynika, że mina morska była i jest śmiertelnie niebezpieczna dla żeglugi i manewrowania wszelkich jednostek pływających na oceanach, morzach, jeziorach i rzekach całego świata.
WYBRANE ZMIANY SYSTEMOWE WPROWADZONE ZAPISAMI USTAWY O OBRONIE OJCZYZNY W UJĘCIU OBRONNOŚCI PAŃSTWA
Authors: LIBERACKI Marcin
Published: January 2023

Dzisiejsza sytuacja w środowisku bezpieczeństwa i bezpośrednim otoczeniu Polski, po-twierdza szerszy kontekst zmian zachodzących w rzeczywistości społecznej. Bezcenne dla naszego państwa jest przynależność do struktur NATO oraz Unii Europejskiej. Jednak nawet owa partycypa-cja nie zwalnia państwa od odśrodkowego, rozważnego, dojrzałego i kompleksowego podejścia w zakresie wzmacniania potencjału obronnego. Zważywszy na zagrożenia pochodzące ze wschodu i oddziaływujące bezpośrednio nie tylko na Polskę, lecz także na UE i NATO, podjęto działania zmie-rzające do wzmocnienia potencjału obronnego poprzez zwiększenie zasobów ludzkich, finansowych oraz materiałowo-techniczno-technologicznych. Kierunki podejmowanych działań wskazują zapisy ustawy o obronie Ojczyzny, którą w marcu 2022 roku podpisał Prezydent RP.
Militaryzacja cyberprzestrzeni – obszary rywalizacji
Authors: Dela Piotr
Published: January 2023

W niniejszym artykule główny nacisk położono na zidentyfikowanie najważniejszych obszarów rywalizacji w konflikcie z wykorzystaniem cyberprzestrzeni. Przedstawiono ewolucję i znaczenie cyberprzestrzeni postrzeganej jako środowisko rywalizacji i walki. Zidentyfikowano cele realizowane w walce w odniesieniu do posiadanych możliwości podmiotu realizującego te cele. Zwieńczeniem referatu jest odniesienie do form i sposobów oddziaływania w walce a tym samym do obszarów militaryzacji cyberprzestrzeni warunkujących skuteczność prowadzonych działań przy uwzględnieniu kosztów ekonomicznych i społecznych.
ANALIZA ZAGROŻEŃ EKOSYSTEMU IoT/IoE SZACOWANIA RYZYKA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA INFORMACJI
Authors: Grubicka Joanna
Published: January 2023

Dostęp do globalnej sieci internetowej stał się obecnie na tyle powszechny, że zaczyna sterować urządzeniami powszechnego użytku oraz bardzo złożonymi procesami technologicznymi. Obecnie nadano temu zjawisku termin Internet Przedmiotów/Internet Wszechrzeczy. Niewątpliwie możliwość wykorzystania tego nowoczesnego narzędzi daje nieograniczone szanse rozwoju, niemniej jednak stwarza wiele zagrożeń, które mogą doprowadzić do zjawisk katastrofalnych. Artykuł poświęcony jest ocenie ryzyka wystąpienia zagrożeń oraz prezentuje praktyczną do wykorzystania metodologię analizy i szacowania ryzyka. Głównym celem opracowania jest wskazanie wybranych aspektów i zmian, które mają wpływ na zagrożenia dla przesyłanej informacji oraz znaczącą rolę użytkownika w systemie bezpieczeństwa informacji IoT/IoE.
Evidence of ovine brucellosis due to Brucella ovis and Brucella melitensis in Karnataka, India
Authors: SHOME R , SAHAY S , TRIVENI K , KRITHIGA N , SHOME B R , RAHMAN H
Published: January 2023

Ovine brucellosis is often neglected contagious bacterial disease causing enormous economic losses to sheep industry. India is recognized as geographical hotspot for brucellosis and there is only one seroprevalence report of Brucella ovis infection in sheep. Ovine brucellosis is caused by both rough and smooth strains of Brucella sp. In the present study, 300 sheep serum samples collected from 9 different districts of Karnataka by 3 stage random sampling approach were screened by antibody and DNA detection tests (RBPT and iELISA) and PCR. Antibodies specific to B. melitensis and B. ovis infection were 8.67% and 5.34%, respectively. In the same set of samples, 5% (15/300) showed Brucella DNA amplification by bcsp31 and IS711 genus specific PCRs. In B. melitensis and B. ovis species specific PCRs, 3.34% and 1.67%, respectively were detected positive indicating presence of both Brucella species in sheep population. Among the 7 districts, Yadgir, Tumkur, Raichur and Bagalkot showed higher prevalence of antibodies against rough and smooth strains of Brucella. This emphasizes the need for sensitization of national system in designing surveillance and control strategies for both B. ovis and B. melitensis infections in sheep.
Effect of dietary supplementation of Eclitpa alba on oxidative stress and liver damage induced by aflatoxin in broilers
Authors: UMAYA R S , MANPAL S , KRISHNAMOORTHY P , SEJIAN V , DAVID I C G
Published: January 2023

The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Eclipta alba leaf powder to ameliorate the oxidative stress and liver damage induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broilers. Day-old male broilers were fed with basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with E. alba (1.0%), basal diet with 1.0 ppm AFB1 or AFB1 (1.0 ppm) with E. alba (1.0%) for 42 days. Birds fed AFB1 showed significantly higher serum AST and ALT activities, and decreased concentrations of total protein, cholesterol and albumin. AFB1 feeding significantly increased hepatic lipid peroxidation products, decreased antioxidant enzymes and induced pathological changes in liver. The supplementation of E. alba leaf powder with AFB1 contaminated diet significantly improved serum biochemical profile, reduced the oxidative stress and pathological changes in liver. The present study revealed that supplementation of E. alba reduces the liver damage and oxidative stress induced by AFB1 and offer protection against aflatoxin toxicity in broilers.
Nutritive value of cowpea fodder cultivars and their effect on nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep
Authors: SINGH SULTAN , SAHAY GEETANJALI , MISRA A K , SINGH K K , DAS M M , MAITY S B , MAHANTA S K
Published: January 2023

Three cowpea fodder varieties (BL-1, BL-2 and BL-4) developed by IGFRI were evaluated against check Kohinoor for their nutritional attributes by in vitro and in vivo means. Varieties were grown under identical agronomic practices in Kharif 2016 and animal feeding was started at flower initiation stage. For feeding trial, 20 growing sheep (mean body weight 19.85±0.45 kg) were randomly distributed to 4 varieties (Kohinoor, BL-1, BL-2 and BL- 4) with 5 animals to each. After 3 weeks of feeding, a digestion cum- metabolism trial was conducted to assess the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep. The cowpea fodder varieties CP, NDF and lignin contents differed and values ranged between 22.23–23.41, 50.54–55.10 and 8.48–10.76%, respectively. Protein and carbohydrate fractions of cowpea varieties were similar except the NSC (% DM) and CC (% CHO) which were lower and higher, respectively in BL-2. Cowpea varieties energy values as TDN, DE, NEL, NEM and NEG were identical. In vitro gas and methane production (ml/g DM) was lower from Kohinoor (86.57 and 10.67) and BL-2 (90.79 and 11.40) than BL-1 (104.83 and 13.96) and BL-4 (98.86 and 13.08), respectively. Short chain fatty acids, partition factor and efficiency for microbial production differed significantly amongst the cowpea varieties. Sheep DM, CP and ME intake (% body wt and g/kg W0.75) was comparable on evaluated cowpea varieties. Digestibility of DM, OM and CP in sheep was similar on cowpea varieties; however, NDF and ADF digestibility tended to be lower of BL-4 (63.88 and 61.70%) than BL-2. Sheep nitrogen balance was identical on all the cowpea varieties and ranged between 16.92–18.32 g/d. Cowpea varieties DCP and DE contents were similar and ranged between 18.36– 20.30% and 13.63–14.72 kjoules/g DM, respectively. Results showed that nutritive value of cowpea varieties differed significantly in terms of CP, NDF, NSC%DM, fermentation pattern, and cell wall (NDF and ADF) digestibility.
Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Hak Tanggungan Secara Elektronik
Authors: Halim Sandi , Yamin Muhammad , Kalo Syafruddin , Siahaan Rudi Haposan
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang pelaksanaan pendaftaran hak tanggungan elektronik pasca Permen ATR/BPN tentang Hak Tanggungan Elektronik, hambatan-hambatan dengan dilakukannya pendaftaran hak tanggungan elektronik pasca Permen ATR/BPN tentang Hak Tanggungan Elektronik, dan solusi yang diusulkan apabila terdapat hambatan dalam pendaftaran hak tanggungan elektronik. Menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan terseier. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan pendaftaran hak tanggungan secara elektronik dinilai lebih aman, lebih terjangkau, dan lebih mutakhir. Disamping kelebihannya, terdapat hambatan dalam pelaksanaanya yaitu terkait ketidakpastian terkait siapa pihak yang melaksanakan pendaftaran hak tanggungan elektronik antara PPAT dengan penerima hak tanggungan. Selain itu hambatan juga terjadi secara teknis yaitu gangguan server yang menyebabkan sering terjadi gangguan konektivitas server dan error database dimana adanya ketidaksesuaian antara data di Kantor Pertanahan dengan database yang ada di Kantor BPN Pusat. Untuk menanggulangi hambatan tersebut perlunya sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi antara Permen ATR/BPN tentang Hak Tanggungan Elektronik dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan, serta diiringi dengan meningkatkan teknologi dan digitalisasi terkait server yang ada pada saat ini dan menyempurnakan database pada Kementrian ATR/BPN.
Kirken i Søndre gate 7–11 og nasjonalmonumentet Klemenskirken
Authors: Brattli Terje
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is to illustrate how the remains of the church excavated in Søndregate 7–11 in Trondheim in 2016–2017 became a national monument: the «Church of St. Clement»; the site where St. Olav allegedly was canonized. By analyzing how different participations, both humans and non-humans, and mechanisms constituted the process of formation, this national monument is appreciated as a heterogenous contextual phenomenon, and not a homogenous object resting within itself. It is demonstrated how non-archaeological participations such as media, the Catholic church, the Norwegian church, the Norwegian parliament, the developer, and the government formed elements in the network behind the national monument. In this way, archaeological elements of the project became marginalized. In my opinion this – the exhibition process of the church established on the site included – was decisive for why, from an academic point of view, premature conclusions were drawn. The conclusion of this article is that there is not a 1:1 relationship between the archaeological material excavated and the national monument the «Church of St. Clement». This phenomenon was enacted, i.e., national-monumentalized, not discovered.
Tales of middle Mesolithic cultural transformations and marine adaptation:
Authors: Skar Birgitte , Rosvold Jørgen , Nymoen Pål
Published: January 2023

Submerged archaeological sites from the early Holocene, along the south-western and western Norwegian coastline are important sources of new information about stone-age human populations and coastal adaptation. In this article we present a Mesolithic hatchet made of bone that was found at the harbor floor at Kirkehavn in southern Norway in 1997. While radiocarbon dating proved this hatchet to be the oldest directly dated in Scandinavia (9884–9480 cal BP), aDNA analysis has identified the species from which this hatchet was made as either bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) or northern right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). The deposit of the hatchet must be understood in light of other contemporary ritual deposits along the south coast of Norway like the sub-merged Middle Mesolithic ritual site at Hummervikholmen and the cultural transformations taking place during this time. The result supplements the tale of new introductions in cultural practice and in material culture concurrently indicating the introduction of more complex hunter gatherer societies, while the distinctly marine adaptation continued on this part of the coast.
Refleksjoner rundt ny teknologi som supplement til etablert praksis
Authors: Brun Wenche , Øvrelid Annette
Published: January 2023

The Norwegian University museums responsibility and practice related to recording and documenting cultural heritage sites and archaeological objects, require solid management. Technologies, tools and methods that have emerged during the last 10-20 years demand new strategies of documentation as well as robust infrastructures. Digital transformations within archaeology, a profession based on material culture, require awareness of the nature of the technologies and possible impact on the epistemology of archaeology. At the Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, we experience that innovative technologies affect our workflow, methodological development and data management strategies. Introducing state of the art tools as supplement to previous approaches might introduce new dimensions and perspectives, but our use of any tool, method or technology should be reasoned by its potential for additional learning and information. Recent practice of 3D-documentation of rock art in the county of Rogaland raises both challenges and new possibilities. Up to date-equipment might benefit research, but emergent technologies could impact our practice in unforeseen directions.