bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Compact Delay, Doppler Stretch and Phase Estimation CRB with a Band-Limited Signal for Generic Remote Sensing Applications
Authors: Das Priyanka , Vilà-Valls Jordi , Vincent François , Davain Loïc , Chaumette Eric
Published: September 2020

Since time-delay, Doppler effect and phase estimation are fundamental tasks in a plethora of engineering fields, tractable lower performance bounds for this problem are key tools of broad interest for a large variety of remote sensing applications. In the large sample regime and/or the high signal-to-noise ratio regime of the Gaussian conditional signal model, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) provides an accurate lower bound in the mean square error sense. In this contribution, we introduce firstly a new compact CRB expression for the joint time-delay and Doppler stretch estimation, considering a generic delayed and dilated band-limited signal. This generalizes known results for both wideband signals and the standard narrowband signal model where the Doppler effect on the band-limited baseband signal is not considered and amounts to a frequency shift. General compact closed-form CRB expressions for the amplitude and phase are also provided. These compact CRBs are expressed in terms of the baseband signal samples, making them especially easy to use whatever the baseband signal considered, therefore being valid for a variety of remote sensors. The new CRB expressions are validated in a positioning case study, both using synthetic and real data. These results show that the maximum likelihood estimator converges to the CRB at high signal-to-noise ratios, which confirms the exactness of the CRB. The CRB is further validated by comparing the ambiguity function and its 2nd order Taylor expansion where the perfect match also proves its exactness.
ZnO Metal Oxide Semiconductor in Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors: A Review
Authors: Constantinoiu Izabela , Viespe Cristian
Published: September 2020

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors are of continuous development interest to researchers due to their sensitivity, short detection time, and reliability. Among the most used materials to achieve the sensitive film of SAW sensors are metal oxide semiconductors, which are highlighted by thermal and chemical stability, by the presence on their surface of free electrons and also by the possibility of being used in different morphologies. For different types of gases, certain metal oxide semiconductors are used, and ZnO is an important representative for this category of materials in the field of sensors. Having a great potential for the development of SAW sensors, the discussion related to the development of the sensitivity of metal oxide semiconductors, especially ZnO, by the synthesis method or by obtaining new materials, is suitable and necessary to have an overview of the latest results in this domain.
The Commodification of Chinese in Thailand’s Linguistic Market: A Case Study of How Language Education Promotes Social Sustainability
Authors: Guo Shujian , Shin Hyunjung , Shen Qi
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, the commodification of the English language has aroused intensive research interest in the sociolinguistics on a global scale, but studies on the commodification of the Chinese language are relatively rare. Most studies take a critical approach in relation to its adverse impacts on minority rights and social justice. This study examined the language landscape in Chiangmai, Thailand, and the linguistic beliefs of local Thai Chinese language learners. Based on their feedback, this study investigated the commodification of Chinese language education in the community of Chinese language learners in Chiangmai. We found that from a less critical perspective, the commodification of a second language provides more accessible and affordable educational opportunities for learners, especially those from low-income families, and at the same time language proficiency can broaden learners’ career choices and provide employees with additional value in industries, such as tourism, commerce, and services. This finding implies that language commodification, rather than typically being associated with linguistic imperialism and unbalanced socio-economic status, can be a contributing factor in promoting higher-education availability and social sustainability in certain circumstances. There may be some mediating factors between the commodification of language and changes in the sustainable balance of language, opening up space for future research to explore.
A Study of the Spatial Form of Maling Village, Henan, China
Authors: Fan Qindong , Du Fengtian , Li Hu
Published: September 2020

In order to improve the study of the spatial form of villages, fractal theory is used to analyze the plane and facade of Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. The results show that the village facade and plane spatial shape of Maling Village have obvious fractal characteristics and the fractal dimension can be used as an important index to evaluate the plane and facade shape of the village. The fractal dimension of each land use type is between 1.2415 and 1.7443. The stability index of land use types in the village follows the order of village construction land > cultivated land > road > garden land > woodland > grassland. The research results can provide decision-making information for the rational use and planning of village land.
Archimedes Screw Turbines: A Sustainable Development Solution for Green and Renewable Energy Generation—A Review of Potential and Design Procedures
Authors: YoosefDoost Arash , Lubitz William
Published: September 2020

Archimedes Screws Turbines (ASTs) are a new form of small hydroelectric powerplant that can be applied even in low head sites. ASTs offer a clean and renewable source of energy and are safer for wildlife and especially fish than other hydro generation options. As with other energy solutions, ASTs are not a global solution for all situations. However, in terms of sustainable development, ASTs can offer many economic, social, and environmental advantages that make them an important option for providing sustainable hydropower development. Archimedes screws can operate in low water heads (less than about 5 m) and a range of flow rates with practical efficiencies of 60% to 80% and can generate up to 355 kW of power. ASTs increase the number of suitable sites where it is possible to develop sustainable hydropower, including in undeveloped, hard to access regions and small communities. At many low head sites, ASTs may be more cost-effective, with lower installation and operating costs than alternative hydropower systems. An AST may also reduce the disturbance of natural sedimentation and erosion processes and have smaller impacts on fish and other fauna. ASTs can often be retrofit to existing unpowered dams or weirs, providing new hydropower capacity for very little marginal environmental impact. This review outlines the characteristics of ASTs, then discusses and analyzes how they could benefit the sustainability of hydropower development.
Energy Management Optimization of Series Hybrid Electric Bus Using an Ultra-Capacitor and Novel Efficiency Improvement Factors
Authors: Hwang Giyeon , Lee Kyungmin , Kim Jongmyung , Lee Kyu-Jin , Lee Sangyul , Kim Minjae
Published: September 2020

The existing series hybrid electric bus (SHEB) uses an ultra-capacitor (UC) to extend battery life, mitigate vehicle weight, and reduce cost. However, previous studies did not clearly identify the operation timing and load of the UC for efficiency improvement in an SHEB. This paper proposes novel efficiency improvement factors, with their application criteria for the ideal operation timing and load of the UC in an SHEB. The factors are the threshold of the required power of the motor (TRPM), slope of the power split ratio (SPSR), and y-axis intercept of the power split ratio (YPSR). The TRPM determines the duration of using just the battery. The SPSR or YPSR determine the most efficient load ratio between the battery and UC. The criteria for using them are set using particle swarm optimization. Manhattan, Braunschweig, and Orange County driving cycles were used to reflect various road load conditions. The results showed that the proposed factors and their setting criteria guarantee a significant reduction in the fuel consumption and more energy-efficient SHEBs.
Quantifying the United Nations’ Watercourse Convention Indicators to Inform Equitable Transboundary River Sharing: Application to the Nile River Basin
Authors: Gari Yared , Block Paul , Assefa Getachew , Mekonnen Muluneh , Tilahun Seifu A.
Published: September 2020

East African riparian countries have debated sharing Nile River water for centuries. To define a reasonable allocation of water to each country, the United Nations’ Watercourse Convention could be a key legal instrument. However, its applicability has been questioned given its overly generalized guidance and non-quantifiable factors. This study identified and evaluated appropriate indicators that best describe reasonable and equitable principles and factors detailed under Article 6 of the convention in order to allocate Nile River water among the states. Potential indicators (n = 75) were defined based on multiple sources that can address conflicting interests specific to this basin context. A questionnaire based on these indicators was developed and distributed to 215 prominent experts from five professional groups on five continents. To analyze the presence of agreements or disagreements within and outside of the basin, as well as differences across expert groups, a k-mean clustering analysis and statistical tests (ANOVA and t-test) were employed. The results imply agreement on 75% of the proposed indicators by all experts across all continents. However, a significant difference in identifying the importance and relevance of many indicators between experts from Egypt and other countries was evident. This study thus demonstrates how the UN watercourse convention principles can be quantified and applied to transboundary water allocation, and ideally lead to informed discourse between basin countries in conflict.
Review of Methods to Repair and Maintain Lithophilic Fish Spawning Habitat
Authors: Baetz Audrey , Tucker Taaja , DeBruyne Robin , Gatch Alex , Höök Tomas , Fischer Jason , Roseman Edward
Published: September 2020

Rocky reefs provide important spawning and refuge habitats for lithophilic spawning fishes. However, many reefs have been lost or severely degraded through anthropogenic effects like dredging, channelization, or sedimentation. Constructed reefs have been used to mitigate these effects in some systems, but these reefs are also subject to degradation which may warrant custodial maintenance. Monitoring and maintenance of natural or constructed spawning reefs are not common practices; therefore, few methodologies have been created to test the effectiveness of such tools. We conducted a literature review to assess available information on maintenance of rocky spawning habitats used by lithophilic fishes. We identified 54 rocky spawning habitat maintenance projects, most of which aimed to improve fish spawning habitats through the addition of spawning substrate (n = 33) or cleaning of substrate (n = 23). In comparison to shallow riverine studies focused on salmonids, we found little information on deep-water reefs, marine reefs, or other fish species. We discuss the possible application of potential spawning habitat cleaning methods from other disciplines (e.g., treasure hunting; archeology) that may provide effective means of reef maintenance that can be used by restoration practitioners.
The influence of the complex of enzymatic probiotics on the metabolic processes of calves in preweaning period
Authors: Tyukavkina O. , Krasnoshchekova T.
Published: September 2020

The main task for the agro-industrial complex of the country and in the Amur region in particular is the rearing of healthy livestock and obtaining environmentally friendly products from it. In order to achieve these tasks special attention should be paid to the complite balanced feeding of animals starting with the birth of the animal. Under the conditions of the region when harvesting their own feed, there is a shortage of normalized nutrients, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of animals, digestive disorders, which in turn leads to various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and a decrease in the immune status of animals. In veterinary practice antibiotic therapy is used to treat diseases, which along with pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic destroys useful microflora. Accumulating in the body antibiotics cause harm not only to animals, but also carry a danger to humans. From the use of antibiotic therapy develop dysbacteriosis, which directly affect the development of the animal as a whole. Application of probiotics to calves from the first day of life promotes early formation of a rumen, the best assimilation of nutrients that in turn leads to intensive growth and development of a young organism of an animal. When using probiotics in animals, the intestinal microflora is normalized, thereby reducing the risk of dysbiosis and diarrhea, as well as improving growth, development and metabolic processes. In the farms in the Amur region the use of probiotics in feeding calves of the dairy period has not been studied enough. The studies have been carried out under the conditions of LLC “Priamurie” in the Amur region on calves of Black-and-White breed in the preweaning period. 3 groups animals with 10 heads in each have been formed and selected on the principle of pairsanalogues. Calves from the control group have been fed a main diet adopted in the farm, herdmates of the 1st experimental group probiotic “Promilk” in a dose of 20 g per head/day into the main diet have been pu, and the 2nd experimental the complex of enzymatic probiotics “Promilk” and probiotic “Vitacell” 10 g of each per head/day. It has been found as a result of the experiment that the input of enzymatic probiotics into the diet has increased the live weight of calves in both experimental groups compared to the control one.
The effectiveness of use of forage animal fat in feeding of lactating cows
Authors: Kurdoglyan A. , Kostomakhin N. , Karmatskikh Yu.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the work is to scientifically substantiate the complete nutrition of highly productive cows in the beginning period of lactation on the basis of feed resources of local production. Rations of feeding of highly productive cows in the beginning period of lactation on the basis of voluminous forages and forage animal fat have been developed. It was found that the enrichment of the rations of lactating cows fat additive enhances the processes of rumen fermentation, increases the accumulation of precursors of milk fat. Feeding by forage animal fat reduces the energy consumption of the feed at unproductive costs, such as the release of energy from the feces, urine. Animals more effectively use the metabolic energy for the formation of milk and deposits in the body, and heat production is reduced. At the end of the physiological experiment for 2 days in a row the study of gas exchange in experimental animals has been carried out. In animals of the control and 1st experimental groups breathing was more frequent and superficial, pulmonary ventilation was 3,22–9,93 % more than in analogues of the 2nd experimental group. The respiratory coefficient reflecting the nature of feeding and the intensity of deposition in the body of animal fat and protein was higher in control animals, this indicates a high content of concentrated feed in the ration. The state of mineral metabolism in cows has been traced to the two most important elements: calcium and inorganic phosphorus. In the blood serum of animals of the control group the level of calcium during the experiment has increased by 1,33 mg%, in the 1st experimental group by 2,02 (P < 0,05) and in the 2nd experimental group by 3,15 mg%. These data indicate a positive balance of calcium in the body. The content of inorganic phosphorus in animals of all groups was within the physiological norm. Its level has been increased during the main period of the experiment except for cows of the 2nd experimental group, in control it has decreased by 0,06 mg% (P < 0,01). The use of forage animal fat in the rations of lactating cows at the beginning of lactation had a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of blood of cows.
Probiotics in the diets of laying quails
Authors: Merzlyakova O. , Rogachyev V. , Chegodaev V.
Published: September 2020

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).
The use in the rations of lactating cows rapeseed presscake and PVMA
Authors: Ivanova I. , Karmatskikh Yu.
Published: September 2020

When balancing ration it is necessary to remember that the active factors of feeding are not the feed itself, but the content of nutrients and biologically active substances in them. It has been developed and physiologically justified feeding rations of cows during increasing the milk yield period, which are based on succulent feed, hay, grain and rapeseed presscake and a source of minerals and vitamins PVMA have been used. The experimental part of the work has been carried out in the winterstall period in the educational and experimental farm in the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. It has been found that from cows of the experimental group during the increasing the milk yield period 1503 kg of milk containing 3,98 % fat and 2,87 % protein has been obtained. Animals of the experimental group exceeded cows of the control group in milk yield by 90 kg (P > 0,95), in terms of fat and protein content in milk their superiority was 0,37 abs.% (P > 0,999) and 0,21 abs.% (P> 0,999). Input into the rations of lactating cows rapeseed presscake in the amount of 2 kg/ head/day and PVMA in the amount of 100 g during 3 months of lactation gives an increase in productivity for the entire lactation in the experimental group by 572 kg of milk with additional products by 2745,2 Rubles can be obtained more. The positive effect of the input of rapeseed presscake in the rations of lactating cows in the amount of 2 kg/head has been established/day and PVMA in the amount of 100 g in the period of following on the subsequent productivity of animals.
The influence of diets enriched with vitamin E and Hadox drug on the meat productivity of quails
Authors: Temiraev R. , Farnieva M.
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, the quail industry has become a promising direction in industrial poultry farming in our country. The basis of full-fledged compound feed of meat poultry is grain cereals (corn, barley, sorghum, etc.) and legumes (soy, peas, castor-oil plant, etc.). However, due to the high concentration of lipids in the grain of some of these crops and compound feed in general if storage in conditions are violated, feeding them to quails in large quantities can lead to the accumulation of peroxides in them and activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the body. The mechanism of action of antioxidants is to activate the body’s anti-radical defense, because these drugs are able to effectively prevent “oxidative stress” by neutralizing free oxygen radicals. Without antioxidants due to the high activity of free radicals in the bird’s body the processes of oxidation of phospholipids of cell membranes are activated, which leads to the destruction of the structure of the DNA molecule and gene mutations. Therefore, natural and synthetic feed preparations of antioxidants, which differ in synergism of action with a wide range of dietary additives on metabolic processes, have become more actively used in poultry nutrition. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of barley-sorghum-soy-type diets enriched with antioxidant preparations Hadox and vitamin E on meat productivity, nutritional and biological value of meat, the state of metabolism in the body of quails reared for meat. Under the conditions of the North Caucasus the expediency of joint feeding of feed antioxidants vitamin E and Hadox to quails grown for meat has been experimentally proved and scientifically justified, when using diets based on barley grain, sorghum and soy of local production, to increase meat productivity, increase their nutritional and biological value of meat and intensify metabolic processes. Thus, in order to increase the economic effectiveness of quail meat production in the North Caucasus the formulation of compound feed based on barley, sorghum and soy of local production should be input together the antioxidant preparations vitamin E at the dose of 25 thousand IU/t of feed and Hadox at the dose of 150 g/t of feed.
Examination of the morphometric features and three-dimensional modelling of the skull in Van cats by using computed tomographic images
Authors: YILMAZ Osman , DEMİRCİOĞLU İsmail
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to make the three-dimensional modelling of the skull in Van cats by using computed tomographic images and to determine the morphometric features between sexes. The skulls of 16 adult Van cats were used in the study. The skulls of the anesthetized animals were scanned by using a Computed Tomography (CT) device and their images were obtained. These images were converted to a three-dimensional structure using MIMICS 20.1 software and their morphometric measurements were calculated. It was determined in the study that total length of the skull (TLS), facial length (FCL), upper neurocranium length (UNCL), greatest length of the nasal (GLN), maximum zygomatic width (MZW), condylobasal length (CBL), basal length (BL), median palatal length (MPL), palatal length (PL), least palatal breadth (LPB), length of the cheek tooth row (LCR), greatest inner height of the orbit (GIHO), skull height (SH), and volumetric measurement values were statistically significantly higher in the male cats; whereas, breadth dorsal to the external auditory meatus (BEAM) and neurocranium length (NL) measurement values were statistically significantly higher in the female cats (P<0.05). In conclusion, the statistical differences between the sexes in terms of biometric values of skull of Van cats were determined. Present study would be beneficial to veterinary physicians in the surgical and clinical practice fields and to the studies in the field of zooarchaeology as well as being guiding for determining the typology of Van cats among the cat species and its differences from other species.
GPs’ decisions about prescribing end-of-life anticipatory medications: a qualitative study
Authors: Bowers Ben , Barclay Sam S , Pollock Kristian , Barclay Stephen
Published: September 2020

Background

GPs have a central role in decisions about prescribing anticipatory medications to help control symptoms at the end of life. Little is known about GPs’ decision-making processes in prescribing anticipatory medications, how they discuss this with patients and families, or the subsequent use of prescribed drugs.

Aim

To explore GPs’ decision-making processes in the prescribing and use of anticipatory medications for patients at the end of life.

Design and setting

A qualitative interview study with GPs working in one English county.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 13 GPs. Interview transcripts were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were constructed from the data: something we can do, getting the timing right, and delegating care while retaining responsibility. Anticipatory medications were a tangible intervention GPs felt they could offer patients approaching death (something we can do). The prescribing of anticipatory medications was recognised as a harbinger of death for patients and their families. Nevertheless, GPs preferred to discuss and prescribe anticipatory medications weeks before death was expected whenever possible (getting the timing right). After prescribing medications, GPs relied on nurses to assess when to administer drugs and keep them updated about their use (delegating care while retaining responsibility).

Conclusion

GPs view anticipatory medications as key to symptom management for patients at the end of life. The drugs are often presented as a clinical recommendation to ensure patients and families accept the prescription. GPs need regular access to nurses and rely on their skills to administer drugs appropriately. Patients’ and families’ experiences of anticipatory medications, and their preferences for involvement in decision making, warrant urgent investigation.
Toward improved coastal sediment management through coordination in California
Authors: Goodrich Kristen , George Douglas , Beyeler Marc , Grifman Phyllis , Sadrpour Nick
Published: September 2020

Sediment is an essential component of contemporary coastal and marine management in California. For decades, multiple coastal sediment management organizations have facilitated and coordinated regional sediment management (RSM) as an approach, and more recently, are increasingly focused on the state’s sea level rise adaptation efforts. From the perspective of representatives and members of some of these organizations, this paper describes challenges of RSM in the areas of organizational capacity and coordination. It also characterizes ways in which organizations are taking leadership and action in overcoming these constraints to fulfill their commitment to improved coastal sediment management.
Applicability of management guidelines for surfing resources in California
Authors: Atkin Edward , Reineman Dan , Reiblich Jesse , Revell David
Published: September 2020

Surf breaks are finite, valuable, and vulnerable natural resources, that not only influence community and cultural identities, but are a source of revenue and provide a range of health benefits. Despite these values, surf breaks largely lack recognition as coastal resources and therefore the associated management measures required to maintain them. Some countries, especially those endowed with high-quality surf breaks and where the sport of surfing is accepted as mainstream, have recognized the value of surfing resources and have specific policies for their conservation. In Aotearoa New Zealand surf breaks are included within national environmental policy. Aotearoa New Zealand has recently produced Management Guidelines for Surfing Resources (MGSR), which were developed in conjunction with universities, regional authorities, not-for-profit entities, and government agencies. The MGSR provide recommendations for both consenting authorities and those wishing to undertake activities in the coastal marine area, as well as tools and techniques to aid in the management of surfing resources. While the MGSR are firmly aligned with Aotearoa New Zealand’s cultural and legal frameworks, much of their content is applicable to surf breaks worldwide. In the United States, there are several national-level and state-level statutes that are generally relevant to various aspects of surfing resources, but there is no law or policy that directly addresses them. This paper describes the MGSR, considers California’s existing governance frameworks, and examines the potential benefits of adapting and expanding the MGSR in this state.
Upstream Attractiveness of the Brazilian Oil and Natural Gas Sector: An Assessment based on the Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: da Costa Cintra Marcos Antonio Lins , Simões André Felipe
Published: September 2020

This study provides an overview of 25 Upstream attributes of the Brazilian oil and natural gas sector and of the country itself, identifying from the industry stakeholders’ perspective the strengths and weaknesses that were aggregated with the support of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) in four factorials: Trade, Regulatory, Prospectivity and Business Environment. The four field surveys which totalled 1,143 structured face-to-face interviews were conducted during the 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 editions of Rio Oil & Gas, the largest trade fair of the industry in Latin America. The methodology used - based on established international research, competitive determinants related to industry and market structures, and traditional variables to assess the attractiveness of the segment - seems to have been consistent with the intended objective to elucidate issues to statistically confirm current opinions and to bring original information.
Dimensions of Women Migrant Workers’ Vulnerabilities Amidst Industrial Development and Pandemic’s Disruption
Authors: Arista Yovi , Evi Zulyani , Susilo Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Women migrant workers have a significant role and contribution in driving migration, economy, and global development. Behind the remittance flows, women migrant workers are still overshadowed by the threats of various problems. The dimensions of the problems faced are increasingly complex as the depletion of mobility limits between countries, the increasing of securitization policy as well as the rapid progress of global development in social, economic, and political aspects. Through the literature review, this article intends to highlight the vulnerability of Indonesian women migrant workers from the perspective of migration and governance from

a feminist perspective. The results of the review show that women migrant workers are still facing multidimensional vulnerability. This includes the actual conditions of women migrant workers facing injustice, violations of rights, affected by disruption of information-technology, and being center in the pandemic crisis. This condition also leads to the structural aspects related to protection’s policy and institutional issues that are not sensitive to the interests and the root of problems faced by women migrant workers.

 

 
Trabajadores, empresas y comunidades urbanas: reflexiones introductorias
Authors: Simonassi Silvia , Badaloni Laura
Published: September 2020

En este dossier nos proponemos presentar algunos debates en torno a las maneras de hacer Historia del Trabajo, articulando las políticas patronales de disciplinamiento y las estrategias obreras, en relación con la construcción de una determinada territorialidad. Algunos de los conceptos que han sido propuestos para pensar dicha articulación fueron: paternalismo industrial, disciplina industrial, capitalismo benefactor (welfare capitalism), bienestar industrial (industrial welfare), para sólo citar los más frecuentes.
Paternalismo estatal, bienestar y control social en la construcción de Volta Redonda
Authors: Dinius Oliver
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se analiza la construcción de la ciudad siderúrgica de Volta Redonda (Brasil) como un proyecto de paternalismo estatal. La planta siderúrgica y su company town, construidos a comienzos de los cuarenta durante el gobierno del Estado Novo del Presidente Getulio Vargas, buscaban establecer un nuevo modelo para el desarrollo económico y social del país. Empíricamente, intenta explicar, desde la perspectiva del Estado y de la empresa, la lógica de los company towns como un proyecto paternalista y cómo los programas de asistencia social y los mecanismos de control social fueron concebidos como dos caras de la misma moneda. Desde esa perspectiva, el artículo analiza cómo la empresa plasmó la ideología paternalista en medidas concretas, tomando también en consideración sus limitaciones. La discusión destaca la importancia de la doctrina social Cristiana como una ideología subyacente del paternalismo bienestar y demuestra como sus principios doctrinarios influyeron sobre el diseño urbano y los programas de asistencia social. También se muestra como la compañía reforzó esta ideología a través de un sistema de castigos. Desde un punto de vista teórico, este trabajo sugiere que la construcción y administración del company town, como parte de una política nacional más amplia de bienestar, deben ser entendidas como parte de un sistema de reproducción del capitalismo estatal en Brasil. Usando el marco conceptual del sociólogo Michael Burawoy, el company town complementó el sistema de producción de la planta, formando juntos un régimen de fábrica para el capitalismo avanzado.
Auge y declive de las empresas financieras e hipotecarias de origen británico en la argentina, 1885 - 1960
Authors: Lanciotti Norma Silvana
Published: September 2020

Las actividades financieras e hipotecarias constituyeron uno de los principales destinos de la inversión británica en América Latina y Argentina durante la primera economía global. Estas actividades generaron elevada rentabilidad hasta la crisis de 1930, cuando la devaluación de la moneda argentina y el estancamiento de los negocios inmobiliarios marcaron el final del ciclo de inversión británico. El artículo analiza la trayectoria y la rentabilidad de las empresas británicas The River Plate & General Investment Trust, y The Mortgage Company of the River Plate, que operaron en el país desde 1888 hasta los años 1950, cuando reorientaron sus negocios a otra región. Dado que ambas firmas eran controladas por River Plate Trust, el grupo británico de inversión más importante en Argentina, se analiza la relación de estas firmas con la matriz del grupo en base a la documentación de la empresas disponible en la colección River & Mercantile Trust Records.
Pensar la escalada de violencia y la violencia en escalas. Entramados de la “lucha antisubversiva” pre-dictatorial. Bahía Blanca, 1974/1976
Authors: Zapata Ana Belén
Published: September 2020

Desde los primeros meses de 1974 comenzaron a vivirse hechos de violencia en Bahía Blanca que tuvieron como víctimas a estudiantes y docentes universitarios, trabajadores, delegados obreros y militantes de izquierda y del peronismo de izquierda. En este artículo nos proponemos reconstruir parte de ese entramado represivo que impactó en la ciudad en los años previos al golpe de estado de 1976, caracterizando la violencia estatal y paraestatal que -fundada en la llamada “lucha antisubversiva”- imprimió el terror entre algunos sectores específicos de la sociedad que la sufrieron directamente. En este artículo no solo nos proponemos reconstruir históricamente aspectos claves sobre la violencia política entre 1974-1976, sino también dilucidar qué nuevas cuestiones sobre la violencia en la “lucha antisubversiva” podemos iluminar desde la apuesta por reducir la escala de observación.
La democracia dictatorial pinochetista: regionalización y municipios
Authors: Valdivia Ortiz de Zárate Verónica
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analizará el proceso de regionalización impulsado por la dictadura del general Augusto Pinochet, a fines de los años setenta. Nuestra hipótesis es que en el caso chileno la modernización económica era condición para la despolitización social, la redefinición de la política y la construcción de una nueva “democracia”. La regionalización permitía escalonar la participación, centralizando las decisiones importantes en el nivel nacional y regional, relegando la incorporación ciudadana al último nivel, el escalón comunal. La “democracia” pinochetista sería comunal.
La infancia errante: ¿Un problema sin solución? El centro y sureste bonaerense entre las décadas de 1890 y 1910.
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda
Published: September 2020

El problema de la mendicidad infantil y la vagancia callejera se tornó insoslayable en Azul y Tandil, especialmente a partir del nuevo siglo y ante el aumento de población que experimentaron estos espacios. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar desde un lugar del interior de la provincia de Buenos Aires los resultados que arrojaron los esfuerzos realizados por aquellos sectores benefactores que encararon proyectos de protección de la infancia. La prensa local y las fuentes de las instituciones que fundaron y sostuvieron asilos de huérfanos en Azul y Tandil, serán las puertas de entrada para pensar posibles respuestas. Cómo fue percibido el problema de la infancia por la prensa que lo transmitió en las primeras décadas del siglo XX y qué soluciones fueron puestas en práctica atendiendo a sus diferencias en relación a las niñas y niños, serán el inicio del recorrido propuesto en las páginas que siguen.
Apuntes para el estudio del consumo en clave histórica
Authors: Pérez Inés
Published: September 2020

La mirada sobre el consumo ha generado nuevas preguntas en áreas como la historia social, los estudios sobre la clase media y trabajadora, la historia de las empresas, la de las industrias culturales y los estudios de género
Enseñando a las niñas a consumir. La revista infantil Marilú (1933-1937)
Authors: Bontempo María Paula
Published: September 2020

Hacia finales de 1932, la muñeca “Marilú” se presentó en el mercado argentino por primera vez. Para promocionarla, se emplearon una serie de estrategias entre las que se destacó la publicación de la revista Marilú, la mejor amiga de las niñas. En este artículo abordaré la relación entre la muñeca “Marilú” y el semanario Marilú, pero concentrándome, fundamentalmente, en este último. El período elegido abarca desde la aparición del magazine para las niñas, en 1933, hasta el momento en que se transformó en un mensuario de modas para mujeres adultas, en 1937. En las siguientes páginas se analizará la revista en sus distintas dimensiones. Por un lado, como una publicación con varios objetivos, entre ellos, la publicidad de “Marilú” y sus accesorios, la construcción de una comunidad de lectoras-consumidoras y la consolidación de una guía de consumo de la muñeca. Por otro lado, como un magazine que era un objeto de consumo en sí mismo y que, por lo tanto, buscaba permanecer en el mercado. Finalmente, en consonancia con otros discursos, se explorará a la revista como un manual para aprender los roles que se suponía correspondían a las mujeres.
En torno al viaje en avión en la Argentina: representaciones y experiencias, 1929-1958
Authors: Piglia Melina
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo se centra en la construcción del viaje aéreo como consumo en la Argentina durante la era previa a la introducción de los aviones a reacción, explorando tres cuestiones. En la primera sección, se analizan los fundamentos del transporte de pasajeros en la Argentina, la transformación de las aeronaves que permitió aumentar su carga útil y lo hizo, por lo tanto, posible, y el despliegue de este proceso, marcado por el incremento de la oferta de asientos/kilómetro y el sostenido crecimiento del transporte de pasajeros. La siguiente indaga en la propia práctica del viaje en avión, una novedosa experiencia (que se modificó al modificarse la técnica) para quienes volaban, que debieron aprender las disposiciones corporales y de conducta necesarias para ser pasajeros; se consideran también otros dispositivos de regulación de la conducta que contribuyeron a construir a la práctica y a los pasajeros como tales. Finalmente se estudian las representaciones sociales en torno al viaje en avión, que lo construyeron como una práctica prestigiosa, segura, deseable, moderna, emocionante y distinguida entre quienes volaban y también entre quienes jamás podrían hacerlo, generando una amplia adhesión social a la aviación, llamada en la época: “conciencia aeronáutica”.
Matrimonios y algo más. Discurso eugénico en torno al proceso de selección de pareja. El caso de la revista Viva Cien Años. 1935-1947
Authors: Linares Luciana
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal, abordar la cuestión del proceso de selección, jerarquización y clasificación propuesto por la eugenesia como disciplina científica vigente en el país durante la década del treinta. Para ello, analizaremos los mecanismos de construcción discursiva por los cuales desde un medio de comunicación con amplia difusión (el caso de la revista Viva Cien Años), se aconseja acerca del “deber ser” de las parejas a la hora de formar matrimonios. Veremos de qué manera se establece una intertextualidad entre discursos variados -como es el caso del discurso médico, académico, político, religiosos, etc.- que se encausan en una especie de receta a seguir para elegir al cónyuge correcto. La discusión que subyace estos mecanismos, que intentan persuadir principalmente a las mujeres, se basa en la búsqueda de la mejora racial y la optimización de caracteres heredables, haciendo de esto parte del “deber para con la Patria”. Estas cuestiones actuaron como la columna vertebral de un discurso arraigado en la idea de pueblo sano y fuerte. Discurso que eugenistas y distintos profesionales tomaron e intentaron difundir, con un objetivo pedagógico, por un lado y preventivo por otro.
Investigaciones sobre sociabilidad, asociacionismo y prácticas políticas. Introducción
Authors: Quiroga Nicolás
Published: September 2020

Algunos de los artículos que integran este dossier fueron antes ponencias en la mesa “Asociacionismo” de las IV Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Investigaciones Regionales “Enfoques para la historia”, realizadas en el CCT Conicet de Mendoza, entre el 7 y el 9 de octubre de 2015. Tanto en aquella mesa (que coordiné junto con Patricia Barrio) como en este dossier, un término para las series de textos que los integran es diversidad. Cuando no está troquelada por grupos dados por supuesto, la idea de sociabilidad se mixtura con otros conceptos y otras maneras de reflexionar el tándem cultura e identidad. No solo las temáticas son variadas sino también las expectativas que las investigaciones depositan en las maniobras a las que someten al término “sociabilidad” o al de “asociaciones”. Leyendo la carpeta, más allá de cada uno de los textos, podemos conjeturar un efecto no tan previsible: allí donde más se espera que la sociabilidad explique la elección política, la densidad de los agrupamientos o las demandas de las asociaciones, es donde las supuestas consecuencias tienen más repercusiones sobre la sociabilidad. Lo que puede ser estrabismo en el dominio de las clasificaciones y la ponderación, también puede obedecer a un sobredimensionamiento del lugar de los efectos en los estudios sobre las prácticas. Esa crítica ha servido de fundamento a muchas investigaciones que no dieron por cerrada la relación entre asociación y sociabilidad y hallaron heterogeneidad de la segunda en los márgenes difusos de la primera. También se ha pensado la variedad en la relación entre prácticas y creencias. ¿Qué sucedería en cada uno de estos artículos si lo que suponemos común a las personas no fuera algo previo a la acción sino parte misma de esas actividades?  ¿Qué sucedería si imaginamos la sociabilidad como un disfraz y no como aquello investido por otra cosa? Disfraz es una manera de decir representación.[1] ¿Por qué deberíamos suponer que la diversidad en el orden de las representaciones provoca debilidad en el orden de las sociabilidades? [1] BISSO, Andrés “¿El de gaucho o el de Tom Mix? Reflexiones políticas a partir de los horizontes de identidades prestadas en disfraces y personificaciones lúdicas en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante los carnavales de la época fresquista, 1936-1940”, en BISSO, Andrés, KAHAN, Emmanuel y SESSA, Leandro, Formas políticas de celebrar y conmemorar el pasado (1930-1943), Ceraunia, La Plata, 2014.
Reseña de: PIÑEIRO, Elena, Creyentes, herejes y arribistas. El radicalismo en la encrucijada, 1924-1943, Prohistoria Ediciones, Rosario, 2014.
Authors: Mauro Diego
Published: September 2020

Reseña de: PIÑEIRO, Elena, Creyentes, herejes y arribistas. El radicalismo en la encrucijada, 1924-1943, Prohistoria Ediciones, Rosario, 2014.Diego MAUROAvances del Cesor, V. XIII, Nº 15, Segundo semestre 2016, pp. 205-207. ISSNe 2422-6580 / ISSN 1514-3899 - http://web2.rosario-conicet.gov.ar/ojs/index.php/AvancesCesor/index
Reseña de: HOLDEN, Wendy, Nacidos en Mauthausen. La lucha por la vida de tres madres y sus bebés en el horror de los campos nazis, RBA Libros, Barcelona, 2015, 432 páginas.
Authors: Perelló Carolina Soledad
Published: September 2020

HOLDEN, Wendy, Nacidos en Mauthausen. La lucha por la vida de tres madres y sus bebés en el horror de los campos nazis, RBA Libros, Barcelona, 2015, 432 páginas.
La Revolución Bolchevique y el Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR) chileno (1965-1973). Adhesiones y distancias
Authors: Goicovic Donoso Igor
Published: September 2020

El Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR), de Chile, fundado en 1965, se convirtió entre las décadas de 1960 y 1980, en la principal organización de la izquierda armada del país. Su acervo ideológico fue heterogéneo, en especial en su fase de constitución (1965-1967), a la cual concurrieron organizaciones provenientes de diferentes orientaciones teóricas. No obstante lo anterior, predominaron en sus adhesiones tempranas y en la dirección que asumió el nuevo referente las tesis de Lenin sobre el partido de vanguardia y las tesis de la Revolución Cubana sobre la centralidad de la lucha armada en la toma del poder.En este artículo nos proponemos conocer las condiciones históricas en las cuales surgió y se desarrolló el MIR chileno y analizar las claves ideológicas que configuraron su entramado teórico. Nos interesa establecer el alcance y los límites que tuvo al interior del MIR el modelo estratégico bolchevique y, a la vez, reconocer la preeminencia que adquirió la Revolución Cubana.
Argentinos en España: una comparación entre la inserción laboral de exiliados y migrantes económicos
Authors: Esteban Fernando Osvaldo
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza la movilidad ocupacional trasnacional de la población argentina en España, desde el último empleo en origen al primero en destino, de tres flujos migratorios con características propias: el exilio político (1975-1983), las primeras migraciones económicas (1984-1999) y las últimas de carácter masivo (2000-2007). El análisis se apoya en la explotación de la Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes realizada en España en 2007. Los resultados comprueban que los argentinos no mejoraron la situación laboral que tenían antes de emigrar, por el contrario, experimentaron una movilidad descendente desde una posición más alta en Argentina. Asimismo, se constata una mejor inserción laboral de los flujos migratorios más antiguos, en particular el del exilio, debido a factores de índole estructural como la política migratoria y la estructura del mercado de trabajo y, en menor medida, a factores de índole individual como el nivel educativo, el sexo o la edad de los migrantes.