bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KUS121, a valosin-containing protein modulator, attenuates ischemic stroke via preventing ATP depletion
Authors: Kinoshita Hisanori , Maki Takakuni , Yasuda Ken , Kishida Natsue , Sasaoka Norio , Takagi Yasushi , Kakizuka Akira , Takahashi Ryosuke
Published: August 2019

Reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in ischemic stroke constitute an upstream contributor to neuronal cell death. We have recently created a small chemical, named Kyoto University Substance 121 (KUS121), which can reduce cellular ATP consumption. In this study, we examined whether KUS121 has neuroprotective effects in rodent cerebral ischemia models. We evaluated cell viability and ATP levels in vitro after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat cortical primary neuronal cultures incubated with or without KUS121. We found that KUS121 protected neurons from cell death under OGD by preventing ATP depletion. We also used in vivo ischemic stroke models of transient distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in C57BL/6 and B-17 mice. Administration of KUS121 in these models improved functional deficits and reduced brain infarction volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in both C57BL/6 and B-17 mice. These results indicate that KUS121 could be a novel type of neuroprotective drug for ischemic stroke.
Emerging switchable ultraviolet photoluminescence in dehydrated Zn/Al layered double hydroxide nanoplatelets
Authors: Prestopino G. , Arrabito G. , Generosi A. , Mattoccia A. , Paci B. , Perez G. , Verona-Rinati G. , Medaglia P. G.
Published: August 2019

Layered double hydroxides show intriguing physical and chemical properties arising by their intrinsic self-assembled stacking of molecular-thick 2D nanosheets, enhanced active surface area, hosting of guest species by intercalation and anion exchanging capabilities. Here, we report on the unprecedented emerging intense ultraviolet photoluminescence in Zn/Al layered double hydroxide high-aspect-ratio nanoplatelets, which we discovered to be fully activated by drying under vacuum condition and thermal desorption as well. Photoluminescence and its quenching were reproducibly switched by a dehydration–hydration process. Photoluminescence properties were comprehensively evaluated, such as temperature dependence of photoluminescence features and lifetime measurements. The role of 2D morphology and arrangement of hydroxide layers was demonstrated by evaluating the photoluminescence before and after exfoliation of a bulk phase synthetized by a coprecipitation method.
An Exploratory Radiomics Approach to Quantifying Pulmonary Function in CT Images
Authors: Lafata Kyle J. , Zhou Zhennan , Liu Jian-Guo , Hong Julian , Kelsey Chris R. , Yin Fang-Fang
Published: August 2019

Contemporary medical imaging is becoming increasingly more quantitative. The emerging field of radiomics is a leading example. By translating unstructured data (i.e., images) into structured data (i.e., imaging features), radiomics can potentially characterize clinically useful imaging phenotypes. In this paper, an exploratory radiomics approach is used to investigate the potential association between quantitative imaging features and pulmonary function in CT images. Thirty-nine radiomic features were extracted from the lungs of 64 patients as potential imaging biomarkers for pulmonary function. Collectively, these features capture the morphology of the lungs, as well as intensity variations, fine-texture, and coarse-texture of the pulmonary tissue. The extracted lung radiomics data was compared to conventional pulmonary function tests. In general, patients with larger lungs of homogeneous, low attenuating pulmonary tissue (as measured via radiomics) were found to be associated with poor spirometry performance and a lower diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Unsupervised dynamic data clustering revealed subsets of patients with similar lung radiomic patterns that were found to be associated with similar forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) measurements. This implies that patients with similar radiomic feature vectors also presented with comparable spirometry performance, and were separable by varying degrees of pulmonary function as measured by imaging.
The expression of cerebrospinal fluid exosomal miR-630 plays an important role in the dysfunction of endothelial cells after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sun Leitao , Zhang Wensheng , Li Zefu , Li Meng , Guo Jiwei , Wang Hongyan , Wang Xiaohong
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMECs) function and the exosomal miR-630 expression after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We evaluated the effects of blood cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) on proliferation of BMECs by MTT at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 12 days and performed cell cycle analysis after BCSF treatment for 48 h. The expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ZO-1) were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining after BCSF treatment. NO produced by BMECs was also evaluated by Griess assay. The expression of exosomal miR-630 was analyzed by qRT-PCR in BCSF treated cell cultu normal cell culture medium andre medium. We further compared the exosomal miR-630 of clinical patients between aSAH and normal hydrocephalus. The adhesion molecules expression was further detected after co-incubation with exosomes transfected by miR-630 mimics. We found that BCSF significantly reduced the cell vitality in a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05) and the growth inhibition ratio reached 78.34 ± 9.22% on the 12th day. BCSF induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in BMECs (p < 0.01). The expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, ZO-1 and the NO produced by BMECs were markedly reduced following incubation with BCSF. Then we demonstrated that the expression of exosomal miR-630 was markedly reduced in the BCSF treated BMECs and the same phenomenon occurred in aSAH patients compared with normal hydrocephalus. The expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ZO-1 were then increased in BMECs cocultured with exosomes transfected by miR-630 mimics. In conclusion, the low expression of exosomal miR-630 in CSF was closely related to endothelial function in BCSF endothelial cell injury model and clinical patients.
Spatial coordination in a mutually beneficial bacterial community enhances its antibiotic resistance
Authors: Li Lingjun , Wu Tian , Wang Ying , Ran Min , Kang Yu , Ouyang Qi , Luo Chunxiong
Published: August 2019

Microbial communities can survive in complex and variable environments by using different cooperative strategies. However, the behaviors of these mutuality formed communities remain poorly understood, particularly with regard to the characteristics of spatial cooperation. Here, we selected two Escherichia coli strains, designated as the nutrition provider and the antibiotic protector, respectively, for construction of a mutually beneficial bacterial community that could be used to study these behaviors. We found that in addition to the functional mutualism, the two strains also cooperated through their spatial distribution. Under antibiotic pressure, the bacterial distribution changed to yield different spatial distributions, which resulted in community growth advantages beyond functional cooperation. The mutualistic behavior of these two strains suggested that similar communities could also use variations in spatial distribution to improve their survival rates in a natural environment or under the action of antibiotics.
A novel fluorescent-colorimetric probe for Al3+ and Zn2+ ion detection with different response and applications in F− detection and cell imaging
Authors: Fu Jiaxin , Chang Yongxin , Li Bai , Mei Huihui , Yang Li , Xu Kuoxi
Published: August 2019

A novel Schiff base fluorescence probe (HL) was synthesized by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and an 8-aminoquinoline derivative.
On-surface synthesis of one-type pore single-crystal porous covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Hao Zhenliang , Song Lingling , Yan Cuixia , Zhang Hui , Ruan Zilin , Sun Shijie , Lu Jianchen , Cai Jinming
Published: August 2019

A 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene precursor was employed to fabricate large-scale, one-type pore and single-layer pCOFs on the Ag(111) surface in a controllable manner.
A thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-bridged porphyrin organic framework as a promising nonlinear optical material
Authors: Samal Mahalaxmi , Valligatla Sreeramulu , Saad Nabil A. , Rao M. Veeramohan , Rao D. Narayana , Sahu Rojalin , Biswal Bishnu P.
Published: August 2019

We report a porous thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-bridged porphyrin organic framework, Por-TzTz-POF, with promising nonlinear optical (NLO) activity.
The effect of CO2 loading on alkanolamine absorbents in aqueous solutions
Authors: Melnikov Sergey M. , Stein Matthias
Published: August 2019

Removal of CO2 from biogas or flue gases is critical for global climate. Standard and novel CO2-absorbing compounds are compared in terms of changes in solution when CO2 is captured.
Controlled synthesis of bifunctional 3D BiOBr:Eu3+ hierarchitectures with tunable thickness for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities and mechanism insight
Authors: Li Yongjin , Yao Lu , Cheng Zhiyuan , Yang Shenghong , Zhang Yueli
Published: August 2019

Bifunctional 3D BiOBr:Eu3+ hierarchical nanostructures assembled by nanosheets with tunable thickness have been successfully synthesized.
A plasmonic AuPd bimetallic nanoalloy decorated over a GO/LDH hybrid nanocomposite via a green synthesis route for robust Suzuki coupling reactions: a paradigm shift towards a sustainable future
Authors: Sahoo Mitarani , Mansingh Sriram , Subudhi Satyabrata , Mohapatra Priyabrat , Parida Kulamani
Published: August 2019

A plasmonic AuPd bimetal-decorated GO/LDH nano-photocatalyst displays encouraging Suzuki coupling performance under visible light illumination.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance for oxidation of glucose to value-added organic acids in water using iron thioporphyrazine modified SnO2
Authors: Zhang Quanquan , Ge Yanchun , Yang Changjun , Zhang Bingguang , Deng Kejian
Published: August 2019

Photocatalytic oxidation of glucose to value-added organic acids in water was realized by SnO2/FePz(SBu)8 using atmospheric air as the oxidant.
Acoustophoretic rapid media exchange and continuous-flow electrotransfection of primary human T cells for applications in automated cellular therapy manufacturing
Authors: Hsi Peter , Christianson Rebecca J. , Dubay Ryan A. , Lissandrello Charles A. , Fiering Jason , Balestrini Jenna L. , Tandon Vishal
Published: August 2019

Our novel device acoustophoretically transfers cells from culture media to electroporation media and then electroporates them using integrated electrodes.
An electro-photo-sensitive synaptic transistor for edge neuromorphic visual systems
Authors: Duan Nian , Li Yi , Chiang Hsiao-Cheng , Chen Jia , Pan Wen-Qian , Zhou Ya-Xiong , Chien Yu-Chieh , He Yu-Hui , Xue Kan-Hao , Liu Gang , Chang Ting-Chang , Miao Xiang-Shui
Published: August 2019

An electro-photo-sensitive synapse based on a highly reliable InGaZnO thin-film transistor is demonstrated to mimic synaptic functions and pattern-recognition functions.
A flexible bowl-shaped magnetic assembly for multifunctional gene delivery systems
Authors: Wang Ranran , Dai Xiaoguang , Duan Shun , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu-Jian
Published: August 2019

A polycation-functionalized bowl-shaped magnetic assembly (b-MNP-PGEA) was constructed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided synergistic cancer therapy.
Interfacial icelike water local doping of graphene
Authors: Hong Yue , Wang Sanmei , Li Qiang , Song Xin , Wang Zegao , Zhang Xi , Besenbacher Flemming , Dong Mingdong
Published: August 2019

The interfacial icelike water layer contributed to hole doping in the graphene through charge transfer from graphene to the icelike water layer.
Engineering modifiers bearing benzophenone with enhanced reactivity to construct surface microstructures
Authors: Yuan Liguang , Qu Baoliu , Chen Jiayue , Lv Hongying , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: August 2019

A novel strategy is proposed to construct a patterned surface with controllable thickness by designing the chain backbone of BP-capped modifiers.
Improvement of the transparency, mechanical, and shape memory properties of polymethylmethacrylate/titania hybrid films using tetrabutylphosphonium chloride
Authors: Hara Shuta , Ishizu Momohiro , Watanabe Shota , Kaneko Takehiro , Toyama Takeshi , Shimizu Shigeru , Ikake Hiroki
Published: August 2019

The crosslink density adjustment strategy based on tetrabutylphosphonium chloride allows for the design of multifunctional hybrid polymer materials that are optically clear and combine excellent mechanical and shape memory properties.
Correction: Hyperbranched phosphorus flame retardants: multifunctional additives for epoxy resins
Authors: Battig Alexander , Markwart Jens C. , Wurm Frederik R. , Schartel Bernhard
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Hyperbranched phosphorus flame retardants: multifunctional additives for epoxy resins’ by Alexander Battig et al., Polym. Chem., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9py00737g.
Fluorescent perylene derivative functionalized titanium oxide gel for sensitive and portable ascorbic acid detection
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Liu Wenxia , Liu Yihao , Suo Zhiguang , Feng Lingyan , Xing Feifei , Zhu Shourong
Published: August 2019

A fluorescent inorganic titanium oxide gel sensor was prepared from perylene diimide functionalized composite materials, and applied for sensitive and portable ascorbic acid detection.
Metal nanoparticles fabricated by green chemistry using natural extracts: biosynthesis, mechanisms, and applications
Authors: El-Seedi Hesham R. , El-Shabasy Rehan M. , Khalifa Shaden A. M. , Saeed Aamer , Shah Afzal , Shah Raza , Iftikhar Faiza Jan , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Omri Abdelfatteh , Hajrahand Nahid H. , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Zou Xiaobo , Halabi Mohammed F. , Sarhan Wessam , Guo Weisheng
Published: August 2019

Nanoparticles (NPs) are new inspiring clinical targets that have emerged from persistent efforts with unique properties and diverse applications.
Synthesis and adsorption behavior of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin–polyurethane magnetic nanoconjugates for crystal and methyl violet dyes removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Nasiri Shohreh , Alizadeh Nina
Published: August 2019

Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin–polyurethane magnetic nanoconjugates possess adsorption properties favorablefor the purpose of removing crystal and methyl violet dyes.
Optimizing electron-rich arylamine derivatives in thiophene-fused derivatives as π bridge-based hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Liu Xing
Published: August 2019

A strategy to optimize the electron acceptors of π-bridged units in small-molecule arylamine derivative-based molecules for improving the performances of perovskite solar cells was provided.
Experimental data revealing explosion characteristics of methane, air, and coal mixtures
Authors: Deng Jun , Qu Jiao , Wang Qiu-Hong , Xiao Yang , Cheng Yu-Chi , Shu Chi-Min
Published: August 2019

The explosion characteristics of methane–air–coal dust mixtures were investigated using an XKWB-1 sealed explosion system.
Synergetic effects of Cu/TiO2 sensitized with different cyanine dyes on hydrogen evolution
Authors: Almazroai Layla S. , El-Mekawy Rasha E.
Published: August 2019

Cyanine dye derivative-sensitized Cu/TiO2 was prepared, characterized and investigated in hydrogen production.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activities of fatty polyhydroquinolines synthesized by Hantzsch multicomponent reactions
Authors: Brinkerhoff Rafael Centuriao , Santa-Helena Eduarda , do Amaral Paulo C. , Cabrera Diego da C. , Ongaratto Renata F. , de Oliveira Patrick M. , Da Ros Montes D'Oca Caroline , Neves Gonçalves Carla A. , Maia Nery Luiz E. , Montes D'Oca Marcelo G.
Published: August 2019

The insertion of a fatty long chain into polyhydroquinoline (PHQ) core contributes to antioxidant potential, the new fatty PHQs showed activities similar to commercial antioxidants.
Directed C(sp3)–H arylation of tryptophan: transformation of the directing group into an activated amide
Authors: Nicke Lennart , Horx Philip , Harms Klaus , Geyer Armin
Published: August 2019

The aminoquinoline-directed C–H activation was used to synthezise unnatural tryptophans for solid phase peptide synthesis for the first time.
Enhanced high-voltage cycling stability of Ni-rich cathode materials via the self-assembly of Mn-rich shells
Authors: Dong Xinyu , Yao Junyi , Zhu Wenchang , Huang Xue , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Tang Jing , Li Xiaolong , Dai Shuyan , Shen Liwei , Yang Ruizhi , Gao Lijun , Zhao Jianqing
Published: August 2019

A Mn-rich shell with desired structural conformality improves the high-voltage cycling stability of Ni-rich core cathode materials.
Stretchable multi-luminescent fibers with AIEgens
Authors: Ding Wenfeng , Sun Jiangman , Chen Guanyu , Zhou Liangyu , Wang Jian , Gu Xinggui , Wan Junming , Pu Xiong , Tang Benzhong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: August 2019

Stretchable multicolor light-emitting fibers were realized by incorporating an ultralow content of AIEgens in polydimethylsiloxane fibers through a continuous dry–wet spinning process for applications in smart textiles.
Iridium(iii) phosphors with rigid fused-heterocyclic chelating architectures for efficient deep-red/near-infrared emissions in polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: You Caifa , Liu Denghui , Meng Fanyuan , Wang Yafei , Yu Junting , Wang Song , Su Shijian , Zhu Weiguo
Published: August 2019

Highly efficient deep-red/near-infrared emissions with maximum EQEs of 7.04% and 4.14%, respectively, are realized for Ir(iii) complexes by designing rigid fused-heterocyclic ligands.
Dynamic regulatory features of the protein tyrosine kinases
Authors: Amatya Neha , Lin David Yin-wei , Andreotti Amy H.
Published: August 2019

The SRC, Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1, TEC and C-terminal SRC Kinase families of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (collectively the Src module kinases) mediate an array of cellular signaling processes and are therapeutic targets in many disease states. Crystal structures of Src modules kinases provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control activation and generate a framework from which drug discovery can advance. The conformational ensembles visited by these multidomain kinases in solution are also key features of the regulatory machinery controlling catalytic activity. Measurement of dynamic motions within kinases substantially augments information derived from crystal structures. In this review, we focus on a body of work that has transformed our understanding of non-receptor tyrosine kinase regulation from a static view to one that incorporates how fluctuations in conformational ensembles and dynamic motions influence activation status. Regulatory dynamic networks are often shared across and between kinase families while specific dynamic behavior distinguishes unique regulatory mechanisms for select kinases. Moreover, intrinsically dynamic regions of kinases likely play important regulatory roles that have only been partially explored. Since there is clear precedence that kinase inhibitors can exploit specific dynamic features, continued efforts to define conformational ensembles and dynamic allostery will be key to combating drug resistance and devising alternate treatments for kinase-associated diseases.
Large‐scale‐free network organisation is likely key for biofilm phase transition
Authors: Selvarajoo Kumar
Published: August 2019

Non‐linear Kuramoto model has been used to study synchronised or sync behaviour in numerous fields; however, its application in biology is scarce. Here, the basic model has been introduced and examples where large‐scale small‐world or scale‐free networks are crucial for spontaneous sync have been provide even for low coupling strength. This information was next checked for relevance in living systems where it is now well known that biological networks are scale‐free. A recent transcriptome‐wide data analysis of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae biofilm showed that low‐ to middle‐expressed genes are key for scale invariance in biology. Together, the current data indicate that a biological network connectivity structure with low coupling strength, or expression levels, is sufficient for sync behaviour. For biofilm regulation, it may, therefore, be necessary to investigate large‐scale low‐expression genes rather than small‐scale high‐expression genes.
Accurate oscillatory current‐sharing in DC microgrids using distributed cooperative control method
Authors: Takantape Morteza Mansouri , Allahverdinejad Babak , Hamzeh Mohsen
Published: August 2019

In DC microgrids, if the oscillatory current is not shared among DGs, it may cause unallowable voltage distortion and overcurrent. In this paper, a distributed cooperative control scheme is introduced for DC microgrids in order to effectively share both the DC and the oscillatory components of current among DC sources. The hierarchical control method comprises four primary controllers namely voltage controller, conventional droop, oscillatory current droop and virtual conductance units, and three secondary controller units based on cooperative control principles. The primary controllers on each DG unit only use DGs' local information, while secondary controllers also require information of other DG units. In the secondary control part, firstly, via using the cooperative control, the DC current‐sharing becomes accurate. Then, a novel droopbased oscillatory current‐sharing controller unit is proposed in which by using the consensus method the error of oscillatory current‐sharing is significantly reduced. A voltage observer, based on cooperative control is employed to compensate the inevitable voltage drop in DC microgrid, caused by droop controller. The voltage oscillation caused by oscillatory current‐sharing unit is decreased through implementation of a virtual conductance signal applied to the inner current controller. The presented method is validated by a simulation with several cases.
Warm gas in protostellar outflows
Authors: Gómez-Ruiz A. I. , Gusdorf A. , Leurini S. , Menten K. M. , Takahashi S. , Wyrowski F. , Güsten R.
Published: August 2019

Context. OMC-2/3 is one of the nearest embedded cluster-forming regions that includes intermediate-mass protostars at early stages of evolution. A previous CO (3–2) mapping survey towards this region revealed outflow activity related to sources at different evolutionary phases.

Aims. The present work presents a study of the warm gas in the high-velocity emission from several outflows found in CO (3–2) emission by previous observations, determines their physical conditions, and makes a comparison with previous results in low-mass star-forming regions.

Methods. We used the CHAMP+ heterodyne array on the APEX telescope to map the CO (6–5) and CO (7–6) emission in the OMC-2 FIR 6 and OMC-3 MMS 1-6 regions, and to observe 13CO (6–5) at selected positions. We analyzed these data together with previous CO (3–2) observations. In addition, we mapped the SiO (5–4) emission in OMC-2 FIR 6.

Results. The CO (6–5) emission was detected in most of the outflow lobes in the mapped regions, while the CO (7–6) was found mostly in the OMC-3 outflows. In the OMC-3 MMS 5 outflow, a previously undetected extremely high-velocity gas was found in CO (6–5). This extremely high-velocity emission arises from the regions close to the central object MMS 5. Radiative transfer models revealed that the high-velocity gas from MMS 5 outflow consists of gas with nH2 = 104–105 cm−3 and T > 200 K, similar to what is observed in young Class 0 low-mass protostars. For the other outflows, values of nH2 > 104 cm−3 were found.

Conclusions. The physical conditions and kinematic properties of the young intermediate-mass outflows presented here are similar to those found in outflows from Class 0 low-mass objects. Due to their excitation requirements, mid − J CO lines are good tracers of extremely high-velocity gas in young outflows likely related to jets.
Stability of the co-orbital resonance under dissipation
Authors: Leleu Adrien , Coleman Gavin A. L. , Ataiee Sareh
Published: August 2019

Despite the existence of co-orbital bodies in the solar system, and the prediction of the formation of co-orbital planets by planetary system formation models, no co-orbital exoplanets (also called trojans) have been detected thus far. In this paper we investigate how a pair of co-orbital exoplanets would fare during their migration in a protoplanetary disc. To this end, we computed a stability criterion of the Lagrangian equilibria L4 and L5 under generic dissipation and slow mass evolution. Depending on the strength and shape of these perturbations, the system can either evolve towards the Lagrangian equilibrium, or tend to increase its amplitude of libration, possibly all the way to horseshoe orbits or even exiting the resonance. We estimated the various terms of our criterion using a set of hydrodynamical simulations, and show that the dynamical coupling between the disc perturbations and both planets have a significant impact on the stability: the structures induced by each planet in the disc perturb the dissipative forces applied on the other planets over each libration cycle. Amongst our results on the stability of co-orbitals, several are of interest to constrain the observability of such configurations: long-distance inward migration and smaller leading planets tend to increase the libration amplitude around the Lagrangian equilibria, while leading massive planets and belonging to a resonant chain tend to stabilise it. We also show that, depending on the strength of the dissipative forces, both the inclination and the eccentricity of the smaller of the two co-orbitals can be significantly increased during the inward migration of the co-orbital pair, which can have a significant impact on the detectability by transit of such configurations.
Cloud G074.11+00.11: a stellar cluster in formation
Authors: Saajasto Mika , Harju Jorma , Juvela Mika , Tie Liu , Zhang Qizhou , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Hirano Naomi , Wu Yuefang , Kim Kee-Tae , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Wang Ke , Thompson Mark
Published: August 2019

Context. We present molecular line and dust continuum observations of a Planck-detected cold cloud, G074.11+00.11. The cloud consists of a system of curved filaments and a central star-forming clump. The clump is associated with several infrared sources and H2O maser emission.

Aims. We aim to determine the mass distribution and gas dynamics within the clump to investigate if the filamentary structure seen around the clump repeats itself on a smaller scale, and to estimate the fractions of mass contained in dense cores and filaments. The velocity distribution of pristine dense gas can be used to investigate the global dynamical state of the clump, the role of filamentary inflows, filament fragmentation, and core accretion.

Methods. We used molecular line and continuum observations from single dish observatories and interferometric facilities to study the kinematics of the region.

Results. The molecular line observations show that the central clump may have formed as a result of a large-scale filament collision. The central clump contains three compact cores. Assuming a distance of 2.3 kpc, based on Gaia observations and a three-dimensional extinction method of background stars, the mass of the central clump exceeds 700 M⊙, which is roughly ~25% of the total mass of the cloud. Our virial analysis suggests that the central clump and all identified substructures are collapsing. We find no evidence for small-scale filaments associated with the cores.

Conclusions. Our observations indicate that the clump is fragmented into three cores with masses in the range [10, 50] M⊙ and that all three are collapsing. The presence of an H2O maser emission suggests active star formation. However, the CO lines show only weak signs of outflows. We suggest that the region is young and any processes leading to star formation have just recently begun.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided creation of an enterocolostomy to relieve malignant bowel obstruction
Authors: Mir Adil , Parekh Parth J. , Shakhatreh Mohammad , Yeaton Paul
Published: August 2019

Background and study aim Malignant bowel obstruction can cause significantly distressing symptoms in patients with end stage cancers, often requiring invasive surgical intervention. With such procedures, risks often outweigh the benefit. We report a novel application of the AXIOS stent and electrocautery-enhanced delivery system to create an enterocolostomy to bypass a small bowel obstruction in the setting of recurrent malignant bowel obstruction. A 72-year-old patient presented with recurrent malignant bowel obstruction and was deemed unfit for surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound was used to deploy an AXIOS stent, creating an enterocolostomy resolving the obstruction.
Prädiktoren stimmbezogener Lebensqualität und stimmlicher Selbstwahrnehmung von trans* Frauen
Authors: Salm Sandra , Neumann Sandra
Published: August 2019

Die Zusammenhänge von stimmbezogener Lebensqualität (VQOL) mit Soziodemografie und Transition bei trans* Frauen sind international wenig und im deutschsprachigen Raum noch nicht untersucht. Mittels eines Online-Surveys wurden die VQOL und wahrgenommene Weiblichkeit des eigenen Stimmklangs anhand des TVQMtF erhoben. Es wurden außerdem Daten zur Soziodemografie und Transition erfasst. Zur Bestimmung der Zusammenhänge erfolgten Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen. Hierfür lagen auswertbare Datensätze von 127 trans* Frauen vor. Signifikanter Prädiktor für die VQOL ist die Inanspruchnahme einer geschlechtsangleichenden Operation. Für die stimmliche Selbstwahrnehmung war dies darüber hinaus die Inanspruchnahme einer Stimmoperation. Insgesamt weisen die berechneten Zusammenhänge auf eine höhere VQOL bei fortgeschrittener Transition hin, sodass im Rahmen des Stimmtrainings bei trans* Frauen der Einfluss der gesamten Transition auf den Outcome berücksichtigt werden sollte.
Magnification endoscopy with optical chromoendoscopy shows strong correlation with histologic inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Klenske Entcho , Atreya Raja , Hartmann Arndt , Fischer Sarah , Hirschmann Simon , Zundler Sebastian , Iaccuci Marietta , Neurath Markus F. , Rath Timo
Published: August 2019

Background and study aims Apart from mucosal healing as an established treatment goal in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), recent evidence suggests that histologic healing may become another key prognostic parameter in IBD patients. We aimed to evaluate whether magnification endoscopy with optical chromoendoscopy can accurately assess histologic inflammation in IBD patients.

Patients and methods In this prospective study, 82 patients with IBD (30 UC, 52 CD) were included. In all patients, magnification endoscopy in conjunction with optical chromoendoscopy was performed and rated on a novel magnification endoscopy score by three independent endoscopists. Targeted biopsies of the imaged areas were obtained and results were compared against two histological scores in UC (Robarts Histopathology Index, RHI; Nancy Histology Index, NHI) and one score in CD (modified Riley index, mRI). Moreover, interobserver agreement was calculated.

Results Magnification endoscopy showed strong correlation with histopathologic scoring in both UC (RHI: r = 0.83, NHI: r = 0.78, P < 0.05) and CD (mRI: r = 0.74, P < 0.05) with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Further, 25 % of patients with mucosal healing on standard endoscopy showed signs of microinflammation on magnification endoscopy with optical chromoendoscopy, while none of the patients with mucosal and vascular healing under magnification endoscopy with optical chromoendoscopy exhibited microscopic inflammation. Interobserver agreement for grading intestinal inflammation by magnification endoscopy with optical chromoendoscopy was substantial (κ > 0.7).

Conclusion Magnification endoscopy in combination with optical chromoendoscopy shows strong correlation with histologic inflammation in patients with IBD. This approach has potential to reduce physical biopsies for monitoring of inflammatory activity in patients with IBD during colonoscopy.
Palladium-Catalyzed and Quinazoline-Directed C–H Selective Acetoxylation of 2-Arylquinazolines
Authors: Peng Yiyuan , Wei Song , Ouyang Banlai , Deng Zhihong , Yang Qin
Published: August 2019

A series of acetoxylated 2-arylquinazolines have been successfully synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed and quinazoline-directed C–H activation/acetoxylation of the corresponding 2-arylquinazolines with iodobenzene diacetate in AcOH/Ac2O.
Straightforward and Expeditious One-Pot Tandem Synthesis of 3,5-Diaryl-1,2,4-Selenadiazoles from Aryl Nitriles
Authors: Majnooni Sahar , Almansaf Zainab , Tsuji Miu , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Zali-Boeini Hassan , Beyzavi M. Hassan
Published: August 2019

A one-pot process for the efficient synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-selenadiazoles from aryl nitriles has been developed. This tandem transformation was performed in excellent yields (91–98%) via in situ selenoamidation and a subsequent oxidative dimerization reaction. This method features relatively mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, straightforward separation of the products, and the utilization of inexpensive reagents.
Evaluation of Amino Nitriles and an Amino Imidate as Organo­catalysts in Aldol Reactions
Authors: Vagkidis Nikolaos , Brown Alexander J. , Clarke Paul A.
Published: August 2019

The efficiency of l-valine and l-proline nitriles and a tert-butyl­ l-proline imidate as organocatalysts for the aldol reaction have been evaluated. l-Valine nitrile was found to be a syn-selective catalyst, while l-proline nitrile was found to be anti-selective, and gave products in modest to good enantioselectivities. tert-Butyl l-proline imidate was found to be a very efficient catalyst in terms of conversion of starting reagents to products, and gave good anti-selectivity. The enantioselectivity of the tert-butyl l-proline imidate was found to be good to excellent, with products being formed in up to 94% enantiomeric excess.
Gastrointestinal Tract and Accessory Organs in the Spotted Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus peguensis (Boulenger, 1893): A Histological and Histochemical Study
Authors: Thongboon Lamai , Senarat Sinlapachai , Kettratad Jes , Jiraungkoorskul Wannee , Wangkulangkul Sansareeya , Poolprasert Pisit , Para Chamnan , Kaneko Gen , Pengsaku Theerakamol
Published: August 2019

The spotted bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus peguensis is one of the exploited reptiles in Thailand. In order to provide basic information for the digestive system of this species, we have examined histologically the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis using routine methods. The gastrointestinal region of this reptile started from the stomach and the intestine. The stomach was separated into fundic and pyloric regions. In both regions, the stomach wall was formed by four distinct tissue layers, including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Mucous neck cells and oxynticopeptic cells were identified as glycoprotein-producing cells in the stomach by Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The small and large intestines shared many histological characteristics, but the former contained more intestinal folds, while the latter had more PAS-positive goblet cells. Histological characteristics of accessory organs, liver and pancreas, were also provided. Overall, the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis were largely similar to those from other reptiles, but fine structural information will open up considerable opportunities to further studies related to the endocrinology, the physiology, and the conservation of this species.
Neuroimaging in the Emergency Department for Patients with Symptoms of Vitreoretinal Traction
Authors: Malick Adnan , Belin Peter J. , Deramo Vincent , Winokur Jules , Gorski Matthew , Pantic Dorjan , Schloss Evan R. , Fastenberg David
Published: August 2019

Eye conditions result in 2.4 million emergency department (ED) visits annually. The purpose of this study is to investigate the management of patients with symptoms of vitreoretinal traction. Retrospective observational study was performed in three Northwell Health EDs between January 2014 and January 2017. Patients with monocular flashes, floaters, or changes in visual field for whom ophthalmology were consulted. Ninety-six patients were included (45 female), mean age 58.4 years. Complaints included floaters in 47 (49%), visual field changes in 39 (41%), and flashes in 28 (29%). Eighteen patients (19%) presented with more than one symptom. Of 24 patients with documented eye examinations by emergency physicians, 10 included confrontational visual fields (CVF). Before ophthalmology consultation, tests included blood work in 29 patients (30%), computerized axial tomography (CT) head in 33 (34%), orbit ultrasound in two (2%), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head in 1one (1%), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C-reactive protein (CRP) in one (1%). Diagnoses by ophthalmologists were posterior vitreous detachment in 44 patients (46%), vitreous hemorrhage in 31 (32%), retinal detachment or tears in 12 (13%), central retinal artery occlusion in six (6%), and central or branch retinal vein occlusions in three (3%). Of 12 patients with retinal detachments or tears, 5 (42%) underwent surgery within 1 week. In patients presenting to the ED with symptoms of vitreoretinal traction, over 30% underwent imaging and blood work before ophthalmology consultation. Signs and symptoms of retinal pathology should be recognized promptly. Triaging, focused examination, and a detailed history may lead to fewer imaging studies and more cost savings.
Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Venous Thromboembolism after Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Seo Won-Woo , Park Myung-Soo , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Jun-Hee , Park Dae-Gyun , Han Kyoo-Rok , Oh Dong-Jin , Hyon Min-Su
Published: August 2019

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially serious complication after total knee replacement (TKR), and recent guideline recommends thromboprophylaxis for VTE after TKR. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a simple and new prognostic biomarker for several cardiovascular diseases. This study was performed to investigate the precise incidence of postoperative VTE and the role of NLR for predicting VTE in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis after TKR. We retrospectively enrolled 264 patients undergoing TKR who underwent routine screening enhanced pulmonary artery and lower extremity venography computed tomography (CT) scan within 7 postoperative days. Biochemical tests were performed within 2 weeks prior to surgery, and the NLR was defined as the absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood divided by lymphocyte count. All patients received thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin postoperatively. Of 264 patients, 102 (38.6%) were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism on CT scan. Preoperative NLR was significantly higher in patients with postoperative VTE compared with that in patients without VTE (2.57 ± 1.59 vs. 2.11 ± 1.10, p = 0.011). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a preoperative NLR of 1.90 was the best cutoff value for the prediction of postoperative VTE (sensitivity 57.8%, specificity 55.6%, and area under curve 0.589). In the multivariate analysis, a preoperative NLR ≥1.90 was a sole independent predictor of postoperative VTE (odds ratio: 1.95, 95% computed tomography: 1.16–3.31, p = 0.013). The present study shows a higher incidence of VTE (38.6%) after TKR in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis than that reported in previous studies. Furthermore, preoperative NLR was significantly higher in patients with postoperative VTE, and a high preoperative NLR (≥1.90) was an independent predictor of VTE after TKR. NLR measurement may be a simple and useful method for the prediction of VTE in patients undergoing TKR.
Volume-Based Consolidation-to-Tumor Ratio Is a Useful Predictor for Postoperative Upstaging in Stage I and II Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Shimomura Masanori , Iwasaki Masashi , Ishihara Shunta , Inoue Masayoshi
Published: August 2019

Background We investigated the postoperative upstaging of stage I and II lung adenocarcinoma patients to identify useful predictors for accurate staging.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 80 consecutive patients undergoing lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I and II lung adenocarcinomas. We evaluated clinical variables, including the preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor diameter, consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on FDG- PET, expression of epithelial growth factor receptor mutations, and pathological invasion to the pleura (pl), lymph duct (ly), and vein (v).

Results Eleven patients (13.8%) showed postoperative upstaging. Three cases had pN1 migrating from cN0, four cases had pN2 from cN0, and four cases showed malignant pleural effusion. The CEA level and CTR were significantly higher in the upstaging group. The tumors in the upstaging group showed more frequent pathological invasion to the visceral pleura and vein. In patients with 3 cm or smaller consolidation, two-dimensional (2D)-CTR and volume-based CTR were independent predictors of upstaging.

Conclusions Volume-based CTR could be a useful predictor for accurate clinical staging in stage I and II adenocarcinoma patients in addition to consolidation size, serum CEA level, and 2D-CTR. Both volume-based and 2D-CTRs might be especially useful in T1 diseases.
Objective Measurement of Medial Joint Space Widening with Percutaneous “Pie Crust” Release of Medial Collateral Ligament during Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Polat Barış , Aydın Deniz , Polat Ayşe Esin , Gürpınar Tahsin , Sarı Enes , Özmanevra Ramadan , Yalçınozan Mehmet , Erler Kaan
Published: August 2019

Knee arthroscopy may be called the most commonly and increasingly performed orthopaedic procedure. Posterior medial compartment visualization may be quite challenging. The aim of the present study is to detect objective measurement of medial joint space widening with percutaneous “pie crust” release of medial collateral ligament (MCL) during knee arthroscopy. We used this technique for all knees that require any intervention in the posteromedial compartment and for tight knees in which adequate visualization of the posteromedial compartment cannot be obtained. Eighteen patients (18 knees) were included in this study. Patients were evaluated clinically with the Lysholm and Tegner scores at the final office visit. Joint balance, valgus instability, pain or tenderness on MCL region, and numbness over the medial side of the joint were also noted. Measurements of medial joint space (mm) were obtained at three different times with perioperative C-arm images: normal, controlled valgus force, and after pie crusting. The median follow-up time was 9 (6–12) months. Final follow-up Lysholm (p < 0.05) and Tegner scores (p < 0.05) increased significantly compared with preoperative scores. At the final follow-up, there was no pain or tenderness over MCL and there were no signs of saphenous nerve or vein injury. Medial joint space values in after pie crusting increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with neutral position measurements and controlled valgus force application (p < 0.05). Controlled release of the MCL in knees provided ∼2.45 times wider visualization place. Furthermore, pie crusting of MCL is a safe and effective technique that provides enough space for visualization and instrumentation in knees. This is a Level IV study.
Atomic layer deposition of epitaxial ferroelectric barium titanate on Si(001) for electronic and photonic applications
Authors: Lin Edward L. , Posadas Agham B. , Zheng Lu , Elliott Ortmann J. , Abel Stefan , Fompeyrine Jean , Lai Keji , Demkov Alexander A. , Ekerdt John G.
Published: August 2019

Epitaxial barium titanate (BTO) thin films are grown on strontium titanate-buffered Si(001) using atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 225 °C. X-ray diffraction confirms compressive strain in BTO films after the low temperature growth for films as thick as 66 nm, with the BTO c-axis oriented in the out-of-plane direction. Postdeposition annealing above 650 °C leads to an in-plane c-axis orientation. Piezoresponse force microscopy was used to verify the ferroelectric switching behavior of ALD-grown films. Electrical and electro-optic measurements confirm BTO film ferroelectric behavior in out-of-plane and in-plane directions, respectively, at the micrometer scale.
Improvements in graphene growth on 4H-SiC(0001) using plasma induced surface oxidation
Authors: Minami Ouki , Ito Ryota , Hosoo Kohei , Ochi Makoto , Sano Yasuhisa , Kawai Kentaro , Yamamura Kazuya , Arima Kenta
Published: August 2019

A Si-face 4H-SiC surface was modified by plasma oxidation followed by HF etching. The resulting surface was covered with a carbon overlayer composed of C–C bonded clusters and Si–O–C bonding from Si4C4O4 and Si4C4−xO2 (x < 2), as evidenced by photoemission spectroscopy measurements and wetting properties. A trend was observed in which the thickness of the carbon overlayer was proportional to the SiO2 thickness after plasma oxidation, indicating that the former could be controlled on the subnanometer scale by adjusting plasma conditions. After a subsequent annealing under ultrahigh vacuum, we found that graphene grew on the modified SiC surface without the formation of a pitting morphology, which is in contrast to the case using an untreated SiC substrate. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the former graphene includes fewer defects than the latter graphene. We discuss the microscopic mechanism by which reaction products composed of C–C and Si–O–C bonds form in the SiO2 film near the SiO2/SiC interface via plasma oxidation as well as their influence on the subsequent growth of graphene.
Mueller matrix metrology: Depolarization reveals size distribution
Authors: Voloshenko Ievgen , Gompf Bruno , Berrier Audrey , Dressel Martin , Schnoering Gabriel , Rommel Marcus , Weis Jürgen
Published: August 2019

The analysis of critical dimensions of nanostructured areas should ideally give both their size with nanometer resolution and the size distribution over a large area, two contradicting goals for most microscopic techniques. Here, we demonstrate that Mueller-matrix metrology is a fast and nondestructive technique able to identify deviations, as small as 1 to 2 nm, from the desired shape and the statistical distribution of sizes on a potentially unlimited area. Tiny shape deviations are accessible from Mueller-matrix measurements over a complete azimuthal rotation after the subsequent differential decomposition of the matrices and elucidated from small anisotropies. The size distribution is hidden in the depolarization and is extracted by comparing the simulated and measured sum-decomposed Mueller matrices. This study especially demonstrates that depolarization concealed in measured Mueller matrices contains valuable information about the sample.