bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respecting the Ancestors
Authors: Spickard Paul , Lovely Kendall
Published: November 2023

Universities and museums across the United States have possession of the remains of several hundred thousand Native Americans, collected by grave robbers in past generations and kept by anthropologists today. None gave permission for their remains to be used by “science.” The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), passed by Congress in 1990, requires these institutions to survey the remains, catalogue them, report them to the federal government, find their likely descendants, and return the ancestors promptly. Thirty-three years later, that law has been honored mainly in the breach. Only in the past two or three years have some institutions begun to get serious about this responsibility. Using the University of California, Santa Barbara, as a case study, this essay charts the long path by which well-intended anthropologists managed to see themselves as champions of Native rights, yet never take steps to return the ancestors’ remains. While the goals of scientific study may be presented as beneficial to all humankind, this case study shows how the claimed interests of scientists persistently trump the human rights of the people whose bones they keep for study. The essay also reports on the long-standing efforts of Chumash Indians to recover their ancestors, and on recent moves by the university to fulfill their legal and moral obligations.
Cosmic California
Authors: Chytry Josef
Published: November 2023

One of the more controversial themes in contemporary readings of race is the Mexican author José Vasconcelos’s 1925 call for a “cosmic race” (raza cósmica) to transcend all prior races in the course of the inauguration of an “aesthetic era” (era estética) in human evolution. Although his language was later picked up by Chicano celebrants of La Raza and has received a variety of endorsements and critiques within the burgeoning literature comprising Latino/a critical race theory (CRT), no suggestion that contemporary California civilization may be the most compelling candidate for Vasconcelos’s project has yet been essayed. Carefully analyzing Vasconcelos’s arguments, this article exposes important shortcomings in his brief on behalf of a future Latin American race, clarifying the failure of his political efforts to redirect Mexican revolutionary politics in the 1920s and exposing the bankruptcy of his later flirtations with fascism. The article takes up the most promising feature of Vasconcelos’s arguments, namely his advocacy of a mingling of all races (mestizaje), to sponsor contemporary California as containing key features of that particular vision. To locate this Californian alternative, the article highlights the relevance of Oaxaca for its role in the origins and development of California’s naming and its overall myth. It explicates the importance of that role through the larger history of Mesoamerican civilizations and the primary importance for that history of the culture hero Quetzalcóatl.
Steady-state and transient photocurrents of As-S-Sb-Te amorphous thin films
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova State University, 5 Academiei str., MD2028, R. Moldova, Iaseniuc O. V. , Iovu M. S. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova State University, 5 Academiei str., MD2028, R. Moldova
Published: November 2023

In the present work some nanostructured quaternary chalcogenides of the As-S-Sb-Te system have been investigated by a photoelectric method. The spectral distribution of steadystate photocurrent Iph=(λ) and the relaxation curves of photocurrent Iph=(t) were registered at positive and negative polarity of the applied voltage to the top Al illuminated electrode. In the spectral distribution of steady-state photocurrent, for the amorphous thin films As1.17S2.7Sb0.83Te0.40, As1.04S2.4Sb0.96Te0.60, As0.63S2.7Sb1.37Te0.30, and As0.56S2.4Sb1.44Te0.60 in the wavelength range λ=0.50÷0.92 mm (2.48÷1.35 eV) some maxima were detected, which are the result of the presence of binary clusters As2S3, Sb2S3 and Sb2S3. The photovoltaic method was used to obtain the value of the band gap width, which was about Eg =1.41 eV.
Influence of deposition voltage on tribological properties of W-WS2 coatings deposited by electrospark deposition
Authors:   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Liu T. X. , Guo C. A. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Lu F. S. ,   North Huaan Industry Group Co. Ltd, Qiqihaer 161046, China, Zhang X. Y. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Zhang L. ,   North Huaan Industry Group Co. Ltd, Qiqihaer 161046, China, Wang Z. J. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Xu Z. Y. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Zhu G. L. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
Published: November 2023

Electrospark deposition coatings were prepared with different deposition voltage on CrNi3MoVA steel substrates by using a W-WS2 sintered electrode and their tribological properties were investigated. The microhardness, roughness and tribological properties of the coatings were tested by using Vickers hardness tester, confocal laser scanning microscope and tribometer, and the morphologies, composition and phase structure were obtained by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that with the increase of deposition voltage, the hardness and roughness of the coatings increase. The coatings remarkably increase the tribological properties of CrNi3MoVA steel, and among the three coatings deposited at 40 V, 60 V and 80 V, the coating deposited at 60 V has the smallest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance.
Nucleation and growth study of SnS nanostructures prepared by electrodeposition method
Authors:   Laboratory of Photonics Systems and Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, University Setif 1, Algeria, Nouri A. , Dekhil D. ,   Laboratory of Photonics Systems and Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, University Setif 1, Algeria, Guessas H. ,   Laboratory of Photonics Systems and Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, University Setif 1, Algeria
Published: November 2023

SnS nanostructures were prepared using the electrodeposition technique in aqueous solutions containing 0.1M of SnSO4 and Na2SO4. Three concentrations (0.05M, 0.10M, and 0.15M) of Na2SO4 were tested. The electrodeposition of SnS nanostructures on ITO substrates was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, SEM microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The concentration-dependent nucleation and growth mechanisms of electrodeposited SnS were analyzed using current transients. For the concentrations (0.05M and 0.10 M), the SnS films follow 3D growth in instantaneous nucleation mode. For a concentration of 0.15M, the SnS films start with progressive nucleation before switching to the instantaneous nucleation mode. The SnS nanostructures produced were found to be polycrystalline with an orthorhombic structure. XRD measurement shows that the preferred orientation of SnS nanostructures is in the (111) and (101) directions for the lower concentrations. SEM images reveal the 3D growth model of the samples, which is consistent with the electrochemical analysis.
Nickel oxide doping impact on the NO2 sensing properties of nanostructured zinc oxide deposited by spray pyrolysis
Authors:   General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din, Salah al-Din, Iraq, Dathan M. J. , Hassan B. F. ,   General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din, Salah al-Din, Iraq, Abduljabbarb Q. A. ,   Minstry of Education, Salah AL-din, Rzaij J. M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University Of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
Published: November 2023

In this study, zinc oxide was doped with varying Nickel oxide nanostructured thin film concentrations using spray pyrolysis at 400 °C. At low Ni content, the ZnO phase exhibited polycrystalline structures, whereas a high Ni concentration resulted in the development of an additional NiO phase. The morphological analysis indicates the presence of nano-spherical structures at lower Ni concentrations, with nanoflakes embedded at varying orientations. The density of the nanoflakes structure was observed to increase as the Ni content was increased, enhancing the surface-to-volume ratio, which has potential applications in gas sensing. The highest sensitivity was detected for the sample doped with the highest Ni content, which can be attributed to its superior effective surface area. The optimal sensitivity was 45.26% at 200 °C.
Synthesis of ferromagnetic material nano powder and study of its effect on antibacterial activity
Authors:   University of Diyala, College of Science, Department of physics, Iraq, Abbas Z.  M. A. , Shatti W. A. ,   University of Diyala, College of Science, Department of physics, Iraq, Kalaf D. S. ,   University of Diyala, College of Science, Department of physics, Iraq
Published: November 2023

This work is to synthesize the cobalt ferrites nano powder of with the stoichiometric formula CoxFe2O4 (x= 0.8 and 1.4) by using sol-gel auto combustion method , and study structural and magnetic properties, the ferrite powders were calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C for 3 hrs to remove organic waste and increase homogeneity and, The XRD diffraction analysis for CoxFe2O4 nanoferrites with single spinel structure. The crystal size of the formed crystallite of ferrite specimens increases with increasing temperature calcination and cobalt content , (FE-SEM) shows agglomerated with homogenous spherical and polyhedral particles. proportion of each of Fe ,Co, and O in all specimens is confirmed using the Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS),the magnetic characteristics are measured with a VSM. The remanence magnetization (Mr) saturation magnetization(Ms), and magnetic moment (nB) of CoxFe2O4 nanoferrites are found to go up with increasing calcination temperature, and E-coli bacteria were used to examine the inhibition of each ferrite using the diffusion-drilling agar method, as it is known that these nano powder possess therapeutic efficacy for numerous diseases.
Impact of pH levels on the morphological, dielectric and impedance spectral behaviour of cobalt oxide nanomaterials
Authors:   Department of Physics, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai – 600 069, Tamil Nadu, India, Senthil S. , Ratchagar V. ,   Department of Physics, St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai – 600 054, Tamil Nadu, India, Thangeeswari T. ,   Department of Physics, Vel Tech Multi Tech Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India, Srinivasan S. ,   Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai – 600 005, Tamil Nadu, India, Murugan R. ,   Department of EEE, St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai – 600 054, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: November 2023

Pure Co3O4 nanomaterials were synthesized by using Sol-Gel technique at various pH levels (7, 8 and 9). Morphological and structural analysis was done by X-ray diffraction method (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy EDX. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the prepared samples crystallized in a cubic structure without any impurities. SEM micrographs validated the influence of pH in altering the morphology of the synthesized compound. The elemental spectrum analysis EDX confirms the presence of cobalt and oxygen without any impurities. Variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss and impedance were analyzed for various temperatures and different pH values. Dielectric loss value increases at high temperature due to the thermal disturbance of the atoms. Cole-Cole impedance plot gives the information about grain and grain boundaries. DC electrical conductivity values of Co3O4 nanomaterials in the temperature range 40ºC to 250ºC increases with increase in pH level from 7 to 9. Arrhenius plot of Co3O4 nanoparticles confirmed that the activation energy at various temperature increases with increase in pH levels upto 8, then decreases for pH level 9.
Microstructure and crystallographic texture of direct energy deposition printed 316L stainless steel
Authors:   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China, Zhi H. R. , Zhao H. T. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China, Zhang Y. F. ,   Shenyang Jinfeng special equipment Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China, Dampilon B. ,   Shenyang Jinfeng special equipment Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
Published: November 2023

The microstructural features and crystallographic texture of 316L stainless steel prepared by direct energy deposition (DED) are studied. The grain size, morphology, grain boundary, misorientation distribution along different direction and mechanical properties are characterized via detailed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and Vickers microhardness tester. The DED-built 316L stainless steel exhibits equiaxed cellular and elongated morphology. Only a few number of dislocations are accumulated and entangled near small grain boundary. The sample contains mainly large angle grain boundary. 316L stainless steel powder is melted to form a deep and shallow shape measured from the top view. The average grain size is 38.32 µm and 29.79 µm for the top and side view, respectively. Two strong textural components of {001}<100> cube texture and {110}<001> Goss texture are formed perpendicular and parallel to the scanning direction, respectively. The microhardness of DED-built 316L stainless steel achieves a higher average value of 261.74 HV.
Insight into electronic, magnetic and optical properties of KMnxNb1-xO3 compound
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia, Aldaghfag S. A. , Ishfaq M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Saleem S. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Yaseen M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Zahid M. ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Shaheen M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Published: November 2023

Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations are performed to study the physical features of Mn doped KNbO3. The spin resolved electronic band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) are investigated that confirmed the half-metallic ferromagnetic (HMFM) character at x=12.5 and 25% Mn concentration. The energy gap of pure KNbO3 is found to majority influenced by Mn-3d states which introduces new states in the vicinity of Fermi level. The optical features (dielectric function, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and optical conductivity) are examined to further reveal the role of Mn doping on the KNbO3 compound for optical devices. Finally in magnetic properties, the total magnetic moment of 2.98 and 3.68 μB which is mainly originated from Mn-3d along with weak contribution from K, Nb, and O. Results revealed that KMnxNb1-xO3 compound is a favorable candidate for optoelectronics and spintronics gadgets applications.
El imperativo español en procesos de subjetivización y locucionalización
Authors: Bajo Pérez Elena
Published: November 2023

En español, son numerosas las formas verbales imperativas sujetas a procesos de gramaticalización por subjetivización (o intersubjetivización). Con frecuencia, los antiguos imperativos se convierten en interjecciones (¡Oye!, ¡Mira!, ¡No veas!...), las cuales ―se usen o no como marcadores discursivos― pueden emplearse autónomamente o con complementos. En ocasiones, estos complementos respetan la estructura argumental del verbo original (¡Tócate las narices!, ¡Chúpate esa!...), pero otras veces pueden aparecer complementos de otros tipos (cfr. ¡Fíjate en Ana! y ¡Fíjate Ana!, ¡Imagínate a los vecinos! e ¡Imagínate los vecinos!). Además, muy a menudo los antiguos imperativos pueden introducir construcciones interjectivas con elementos libres (Anda que no...). Estas construcciones, cuya estructura sintáctica no puede analizarse sin tener en cuenta su carácter enfático, implican cierto grado de idiomaticidad. Por lo demás, los antiguos imperativos muchas veces pasan a formar parte de locuciones interjectivas (sean o no idiomáticas) y de fórmulas oracionales interjectivas.
Assessing the Project Reading Enhancement and Development Initiatives in the New Normal for Grade-Schoolers (Readinng) Implementation: A Focus on Learners’ Reading Proficiency
Authors: Cubillas Trixie E.
Published: November 2023

This study intended to ascertain the pupils’ proficiency in reading after having participated in the reading intervention project “READINNG” or Reading Enhancement and Development Initiatives in the New Normal for Grade-schoolers.  It utilized the Functional Literacy Assessment Tool (FLAT) for Functional Literacy Assessment tool to ascertain the level of reading performance of the pupils as well as their extent of improvement after the implementation of READINNG. There were 38 participants in the study who were the target beneficiaries of the intervention project. They are from the extension partner school of Caraga State University-College of Education.  Data revealed that before the intervention, the level of proficiency of the Pupils in reading Filipino is mostly on the Nothing level, hence intervention is needed. However, after the implementation of READINNG, there are 15 pupils who can read at Paragraph Level, 8 at Story Reading level, and 5 at Story Comprehension and no one is registered at Local Material Level and none are identified as LSENs. Also, a significant improvement is found in the pupils' level of reading proficiency in English after utilizing the Pupil Reading Intervention Materials. The data further imply that the level of proficiency of the pupils in reading in both Filipino and English increased. Hence, READINNG as intervention can improve the pupils’ level of proficiency in reading.
Impact of Structured Education Program on Knowledge and Attitude Among Adolescent School Children Regarding Cyber Addiction
Authors: S Sathiyasri , P Serge Vellavy , A Shalini , . Shenbagapriya , J Vadivazhagan Alias Rathinam , Ramesh Sharadha
Published: November 2023

Background: Cyber addiction is the among the adolescent due to the excessive use of interest and computer use. Due to growth and development, the physiological changes happen in the adolescent which have psychological and self-esteem will be changed. The aim is to assess the impact of structured education program regarding cyber addiction towards knowledge and attitude among adolescents. Methodology: A pre-experimental research study was conducted among school going adolescents at selected school Puducherry. Totally 81 sample in participated with purposive sampling techniques. The modified internet addiction scale for assessing knowledge and attitude inventory scale with 5 points likes scale used for the data collection. Results: The results revealed that majority bod sample 46(56.8%) had moderate knowledge and 63(77.8%) had moderate favorable attitude after structured teaching program towards cyber addiction. Further the level of knowledge is significant with type of school (x² = 14.844, p ,=0.022) at the level of p<0.05 by using Chi Square test. This research concluded that effective teaching program about cyber addiction as improved the level of knowledge and change in perception among school going adolescent.
Perception of Parenting Educational Styles in Chilean Adolescents
Authors: Muñoz Cecilia Mayorga- , Segura Leonor Riquelme- , Angulo Julio Tereucán- , Maturana Sau-lyn Lee- , Delgado Lissette Nilsson- , Ballesteros Daniela Hoyos- , Albarracín Macarena Muñoz-
Published: November 2023

Parental socialization styles influence the psychosocial well-being of sons and daughters according to sociodemographic variables. The aim of the study was to examine the perception of the educational styles exercised by fathers and mothers in a sample of adolescents from the Araucanía region, Chile. Within the framework of a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, 806 adolescents answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Parental Socialization Styles in Adolescence Scale (ESPA29). The results showed that there are differences by sex and age in the perception of the parental practices exercised by both the father and the mother, results that would make it possible to orient or focus family life education programs.
Single Cell Performances Based Glass Composite Membrane for Low Temperature H2/O2 Fuel Cells
Authors: Thanganathan Uma
Published: November 2023

Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for a low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell were fabricated using glass composite membrane and Pt/C electrode were evaluated by various operating condition. The stability and durability of the cell and polarization characteristics of membrane electrode assembles (MEAs) were reported. Electrochemical performances on MEAs consist of PWA {(12-tungsto(VI) phosphoric acid, n-hydrate)}/P2O5(phosphoric acid)/SiO2 (TEOS, tetraethoxysilane) glass composite membrane electrolyte and Pt/C electrode have been demonstrated representing a major milestone towards developing a viable atmospheric low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell system. MEAs were showed good performances under various functions of the temperature and relative humidity. A maximum current density of 141 mA/cm2 was obtained at 35 Â°C with 30% relative humidity by using a PWA/P2O5/SiO2 (5/5/90 mol%) glass composite membrane and Pt/C (0.1 mg/cm2) electrode. Polarization curves were recorded and their results support the conclusions obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Investigating Students’ Attitudes Toward Learning based on Metaverse
Authors: Nawaiseh Sabah Jamil Al- , Ahmad Fadi Bani , Nawaiseh Asmaa Jameel Al- , Nawaiseh Ammar M. Al-
Published: November 2023

By merging augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), the real world becomes a metaverse. This study aims to determine students’ attitudes toward learning based on a metaverse platform depending on different variables. The researchers applied a Quasi-experimental method of one group post-test design to a random sample of 100 students from the Faculty of Information Technology, Mutah University. The system of the human body was selected and three topics were introduced: the circulatory system, the nervous system, and the digestive system. A scale was developed to measure the students' attitudes after watching the lessons prepared by the proposed AR platform and then to analyze their feedback from the answers collected in a well-prepared questionnaire. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in students’ attitudes toward learning based on the metaverse. Furthermore, the study recommends adopting the use of the metaverse platform in learning and promoting research in the areas of AR and metaverse
N-ЗАМІЩЕНІ ПІРИДИНОВІ СОЛІ З АНІОНОМ ФТАЛІМІД-N-ОКСИЛУ
Authors: Сергєєва Ганна О. , Компанець Михайло О. , Нестерова Олена Ю.
Published: November 2023

У наш час широко вивчається різна біологічна активність похідних піридинових солей, тип і сила яких залежить від присутності в молекулі замісника. Ароматичному піридиновому кільцю належить важлива роль у метаболізмі живого організму. Воно є окисною системою, відщеплюючи гідрид у нікотинамідаденіндинуклеотиді (НАД+) – складовою частиною ферменту дегідрогенази. Отже, нами здійснено синтез нових водорозчинних похідних сполук N-бензилпіридиній 3-карбоксамід фталімід-N-оксил, N-пропілпіридиній 3-карбоксамід фталімід-N-оксил та N-метилпіридиній 3-карбоксамід фталімід-N-оксил із піридиновим кільцем. Реакції відбувалися при взаємодії відповідних N-заміщених піридинових солей нікотинаміду з різними фталімід-N-оксильними солями. Також у межах роботи досліджено, підібрано та розроблено метод приєднання N-оксифталімідного аніону до N-заміщеної піридинової молекули.
КОМПЛЕКСОУТВОРЕННЯ Ge(IV) ІЗ ПОХІДНИМИ 6,7-ДИГІДРОКСИБЕНЗОПІРИЛІЮ ТА ЙОГО АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ
Authors: Жуковецька Олена М. , Гузенко Олена М. , Марійчук Руслан Т. , Снігур Денис В.
Published: November 2023

Досліджено комплексоутворення Германію(ІV) з низкою алкіл- та феніл- похідних 6,7-дигідрокси-бензопірилію. Склад комплексів Ge(IV) : R = 1 : 2 встановлено класичними спектрофотометричними методами. На підставі сукупності даних запропоновано хімізм комплексоутворення. Показано, що комплексоутворювачем є катіон Ge(OH)22+, а ліганд взаємодіє у формі ангідрооснови. Визначені хіміко-аналітичні характеристики комплексів та зазначено, що найбільш інтенсивно забарвленими та стійкими є комплекси Ge(IV) з солями 6,7-дигідрокси-2,4-дифенілбензопірилію та 6,7-дигідрокси-4-метил-2-феніл-бензопірилію. Показано, що введення фенільних замісників у положення 2 і 4 бензопірілієвого фрагмента приводить до зміщення комплексоутворення в більш кислу область, підвищення стійкості продуктів взаємодії та збільшення їх молярних коефіцієнтів світлопоглинання. Із використанням солей 6,7-дигідрокси-2,4-диметилбензопірилію розроблено методику визначення Германію(ІV) після його екстракційного відділення у вигляді тетрахлориду. Методику апробовано в ході аналізу стандартних зразків мулу, зразку коксу та дієтичної добавки.
New overwintering location of Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia hypugaea (Molina, 1782) (Strigidae) in Tennessee, USA, with diet assessed through pellets
Authors: Rush Scott A. , Naveda-Rodríguez Adrián , Hamrick Elizabeth B.
Published: November 2023

Reporting new occurrence records of organisms is key to overcome the Wallacean shortfall. Here, we report the first sighting of a Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782), overwintering on a peninsula in the Tennessee River in Tennessee, USA, during boreal winters 2020–2022. Pellets from this bird showed combination of six species. This is the first record for the species in the Interior Plateau of the USA. Conditions supporting this bird and evidence of it overwintering bear to explore the environmental conditions that support this species in novel areas.
Pemodelan Spasial Genangan Akibat Kenaikan Muka Air Laut di Pesisir Selatan Kabupaten Tulungagung Jawa Timur
Authors: Hidayah Zainul , Ilhami Sastra Ardi Agamis , As-Syakur Abdurrahman , Wiyanto Dwi Budi , Wirayuhanto Harish
Published: November 2023

Kenaikan muka air laut menjadi fenomena alam yang tidak dapat dihindari sebagai dampak dari pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Akumulasi kenaikan muka air laut, air pasang dan penurunan muka air tanah menjadi penyebab terjadinya banjir rob. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan pemodelan spasial Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) menggunakan trend kenaikan muka air laut untuk mengetahui luas genangan serta mengidentifikasi dampak yang terjadi akibat banjir rob terhadap tutupan lahan di kawasan pesisir selatan Kabupaten Tulungagung Jawa Timur. Data pasang surut yang diambil  mulai tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2020 diolah menggunakan metode Least Square untuk mengetahui nilai harmonik pasang surut. Kecenderungan terjadinya Sea Level Rise (SLR) diketahui dengan menganalisis anomali tinggi permukaan laut dari data hasil pengukuran satelit altimetri yang berasal dari National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) dengan cakupan data dari tahun 1992 hingga tahun 2021 untuk perairan regional Indonesia. Pemodelan spasial menggunakan SIG dilakukan untuk mengetahui luas genangan dan tutupan lahan yang terdampak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kenaikan muka air laut rata-rata sebesar 4,3 ± 0,4 mm/tahun maka diprediksi terjadi kenaikan MSL di perairan pesisir Tulungagung dari 1,999 meter pada tahun 2020 menjadi 2,7735 meter pada tahun 2200. Luas tutupan lahan pesisir yang tergenang pada akhir pemodelan diperkirakan mencapai 139,13 Ha. Kenaikan muka air laut diperkirakan membawa dampak terhadap lingkungan pesiisr di lokasi studi, karena akan menimbulkan banjir rob yang menggenahi pesisir pantai, pemukiman sawah dan tambak.
Karakteristik Hamburbalik Gelembung Udara Buatan dalam Kondisi Terkontrol
Authors: Pujiyati Sri , Maulana Mochamad Adam , Rahmat Ayi , Alajuri M Hasbi Sidqi
Published: November 2023

Gelembung udara dapat terbentuk secara alami maupun buatan. Gelembung udara buatan tercipta dari kegiatan antropogenik seperti pergerakan profiler kapal, penambangan, pembangunan bawah air, dan aerator (alat pembentuk gelembung udara).  Dalam ilmu hidroakustik, gelembung udara merupakan faktor utama dalam propagasi suara dekat-permukaan.   Oleh sebab itu dalam pengambilan data hidroakustik gelembung udara harus minimalkan agar hasil pengukuran hidroakustik menjadi akurat, baik dalam pengambilan data di lapangan maupun dalam skala laboratorium. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hambur balik dari gelembung udara buatan dalam kondisi terkontrol.  Penelitian ini  menggunakan Alat  aerator jenis Roston Q3 Aquarium Air Pump yang beroperasi apada 220-240 Volt mampu menghasilkan laju gelembung udara sebesar 2.5 watt dan 3 watt. Perekaman data akustik menggunakan Echosounder EK-15 dan analisis data menggunakan sofware echoview (4) versi demo.  Nilai hambur balik gelembung udara dengan daya 3 watt memiliki rentang -45.06 sampai -45.01 dB (ref:1μPa) dengan rata-rata hambur balik -45,02 dB (ref:1μPa). Adapun gelembung dengan daya 2.5 watt memiliki nilai hambur balik dengan rentang -45.07 sampai -45.01 dB (ref:1μPa), dengan nilai  hambur balik rata-rata sebesar -45.03 dB (ref:1μPa).
Studi Empiris Konsep Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen Strategis untuk Mendukung Program Blue Economy (Studi Kasus Program Satu Data Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan)
Authors: Arriyana Dhina , Fadjarenie Agustin
Published: November 2023

Laut sangat penting bagi perekonomian dan kesejahteraan Indonesia. Namun, ekosistem laut dan pesisir Indonesia serta nilai ekonominya semakin berkurang karena penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, degradasi hutan bakau, dan terumbu karang, serta sampah laut. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi Program Ekonomi Biru. Tindakan pertama untuk mengatasi tantangan ini adalah meningkatkan sistem pengumpulan data dan pengukuran sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan. Studi ini mengkaji konsep sistem akuntansi manajemen strategis seperti Integrasi, Aksesibilitas, dan Fleksibilitas data pada Kualitas Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan sensus. Kami mengumpulkan data melalui kuesioner kepada 60 pegawai yang menangani data dan sistem informasi pada unit kerja lingkup Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Indonesia. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Integrasi, Aksesibilitas, dan Fleksibilitas data berdampak positif terhadap Kualitas Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen. Hasil ini menyiratkan kebutuhan mendesak untuk peningkatan infrastruktur digitalisasi data yang baik agar dapat memberikan informasi yang dapat diandalkan mengenai investasi nasional dan pengambilan kebijakan kelautan dan perikanan kepada pemerintah Indonesia.
Potensi Serapan Karbon Hutan Mangrove, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Pratiwi Dianita , Hartoko Agus , Febrianto Sigit
Published: November 2023

Mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis yang sangat penting, diantaranya adalah sebagai simpanan karbon dan penyerap karbon dioksida di Bumi. Kenyataannya, fungsi tersebut belum dapat dimaksimalkan karena tingkat kerusakan mangrove yang semakin tinggi per tahunnya. Ekosistem mangrove di Jawa Tengah banyak dieksploitasi dan mengalami degradasi akibat perubahan iklim, alih fungsi lahan, abrasi, sedimentasi dan lainnya. Alih fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi daerah pertambakan terjadi di hampir seluruh wilayah pesisir pantai utara dan selatan merupakan faktor terbesar hilangnya simpanan karbon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui simpanan karbon dan kemampuan penyerapan karbon dioksida pada batang mangrove, serasah daun dan sedimen. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian di Desa Jangkaran, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia sebagai studi kasus. Metode non-destructive sampling digunakan untuk mengetahui simpanan karbon batang dengan persamaan alometrik yang sudah ada dan dikembangkan di lokasi terdekat studi kasus, sedangkan metode destructive sampling digunakan untuk simpanan karbon serasah daun dan sedimen dengan mengambil sub sampel di lapangan dan melalui pengujian di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 2 jenis mangrove di lokasi penelitian yaitu Rhizopora mucronata dan Avicennia marina. Jenis Rhizopora mucronata memiliki kepadatan tertinggi dengan kemampuan menyimpan karbon dan menyerap CO2 yang paling tinggi pula, dibandingkan dengan Avicennia marina. Simpanan karbon Hutan Mangrove Kulon Progo pada batang mangrove yaitu sebesar 45,87 ton/ha, serasah daun sebesar 0,55 ton/ha dan sedimen sebesar 37,47 ton/ha, dengan persentase serapan CO2 pada batang mangrove sebesar 54,67%, serasah daun 0,66% dan sedimen 44,67%. Kesimpulannya permukaan atas tanah pada lokasi penelitian hutan mangrove Desa Jangkaran, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta memiliki kemampuan paling tinggi dalam menyimpan karbon dan menyerap CO2.
Dinamika Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Berdasarkan Citra Landsat 8 Oli Pada Alur Pelayaran Pelabuhan Patimban, Subang, Jawa Barat
Authors: Tangeb I Gede Yussupiartha Sas , Supriatna Supriatna , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo
Published: November 2023

Total Suspended Solid (TSS) atau Total Padatan Tersuspensi merupakan padatan atau bahan-bahan yang tersuspensi dengan diameter > 1 μm yang ukuran maupun beratnya lebih kecil daripada sedimen lainnya misalnya tanah liat, bahan-bahan organik tertentu, sel-sel mikroorganisme, jasad-jasad renik, lumpur, pasir halus dan sebagainya yang disebabkan oleh kikisan tanah yang terbawa ke badan air. Dalam kegiatan pelayaran, sedimentasi yang terjadi dapat berpengaruh terhadap keselamatan bernavigasi bagi kapal – kapal, khususnya yang melintas di alur pelayaran. Penggunaan citra satelit dalam pemantauan sebaran konsentrasi TSS memiliki keuntungan yaitu luasnya jangkauan wilayah yang dapat terekam guna mendapatkan detail informasi dan data yang menjadi bahasan pengkajian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dinamika konsentrasi TSS berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, serta menguji beberapa algoritma untuk menduga TSS di perairan Patimban guna mendapatkan algoritma TSS yang sesuai, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengekstraksi nilai TSS dari data citra pada periode yang ditentukan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, dimana lokasi sampling terdiri dari 21 titik sampling serta menggunakan data citra satelit landsat 8 OLI. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus – September 2019. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 21 titik secara purposive sampling. Nilai konsentrasi TSS pada insitu memiliki nilai rata-rata konsentrasi sebesar 157,86 mg/l. Nilai konsentrasi TSS dari analisis data citra dihitung menggunakan algoritma Budhiman, Guzman-Santaella dan Parwati, dimana algoritma Syarif Budhiman memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi yang sangat kuat dengan nilai R2=0,9086, sehingga paling cocok untuk selanjutnya dilakukan pengembangan algoritma TSS yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur konsentrasi TSS di perairan Patimban, Subang, Jawa Barat.
Wpływ Międzynarodowego Trybunału dla Dalekiego Wschodu na rozwój Międzynarodowego Prawa Humanitarnego Konfliktów Zbrojnych w aspekcie przemocy seksualnej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Szych Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

The Second World War caused the collapse of the rules prevailing in the world so far. The cruelty of warfare, which also affected civilians, made the international community aware that the principles of humanitarianism adopted so far are insufficient. The world demanded that war criminals be brought to justice. At that point, no international court existed to take on the challenge. Two tribunals were established – the International Military Tribunal based in Nuremberg and the International Tribunal for the Far East based in Tokyo, whose task was to try the most serious crimes committed during II World War. The civilian population, especially women, suffered from sexual violence and rape. The International Tribunal for the Far East did not remain silent on the subject of sex crimes and undertook to judge war criminals who were also responsible for rapes. The actions of the International Tribunal for the Far East were one of the first steps in history in the field of punishing the crime of rape committed during armed conflicts and influenced the development of international criminal law in this area.
Extensible VR Emergency Preparedness Platform
Authors: Jain Nisha , Ernest Lim Yen Cheong , Fatt Cho Choon , Teck Tang Kim
Published: November 2023

Emergency preparedness is a cardinal skill required in today's fragile world. Conventionally, individuals acquire knowledge of procedures that they are required to take during an emergency situation through a regimen of training-drills, tabletop exercises, functional exercises and full-scale exercises. These procedures are usually far from reality as these are structured training schedules happening in a utopian environment. To bridge this gap, we developed a generic virtual learning framework. This framework is extensible across multiple scenarios and locations. The proposed platform can complement the conventional emergency training methods to enhance the overall emergency preparedness of private organizations (e.g. workplaces, commercial buildings, etc.) and also indirectly benefit wider communities.
Multilingual Aphasia Speech Analysis with Machine Learning
Authors: Tong Rong , Yen Shih-Cheng , Tay Arthur , Guo Yiting Emily
Published: November 2023

Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that occurs after brain injury such as stroke, head trauma or tumor. People with aphasia (PWA) may have trouble speaking or under-standing speech. If diagnosed early, aphasia is often treatable, and communication can be improved with speech therapy. Early detection and evaluation of aphasia is crucial for the treatment and recovery. This paper reports a preliminary study of multilingual aphasia speech evaluation. In this study, the characteristics of speech from PWA and healthy controls are compared from both acoustic and linguistic perspectives. Multiple acoustic features are extracted from aphasic and normal speech to build a language independent aphasic speech detection model. The model achieved good aphasic speech detection performance on both English and Mandarin test sets.
Taming Simulators: Challenges, Pathways and Vision for the Alignment of Large Language Models
Authors: Bereska Leonard , Gavves Efstratios
Published: November 2023

As AI systems continue to advance in power and prevalence, ensuring alignment between humans and AI is crucial to prevent catastrophic outcomes. The greater the capabilities and generality of an AI system, combined with its development of goals and agency, the higher the risks associated with misalignment. While the concept of superhuman artificial general intelligence is still speculative, language models show indications of generality that could extend to generally capable systems. Regarding agency, this paper emphasizes the understanding of prediction-trained models as simulators rather than agents. Nonetheless, agents may emerge accidentally from internal processes, so-called simulacra, or deliberately through fine-tuning with reinforcement learning. As a result, the focus of alignment research shifts towards aligning simulacra, comprehending and mitigating mesa-optimization, and aligning agents derived from prediction-trained models. The paper outlines the challenges of aligning simulators and presents research directions based on this understanding.
Additionally, it envisions a future where aligned simulators are critical in fostering successful human-AI collaboration. This vision encompasses exploring emulation approaches and the integration of simulators into cyborg systems to enhance human cognitive abilities. By acknowledging the risks associated with misaligned AI, delving into the concept of simulacra, and presenting strategies for aligning agents and simulacra, this paper contributes to the ongoing efforts to safeguard human values in developing and deploying AI systems.
Opportunities and Challenges of Designing Assistive Technologies for Aphasia Patients in Singapore: The Case of a Speech Evaluation Prototype
Authors: Niculescu Andreea I. , Ehnes Jochen , Dong Minghui , You Changhuai , Chan Yaozhu Paul
Published: November 2023

Aphasia is a language disorder caused by brain damage, resulting in difficulties with speaking, understanding, reading, and writing. This study focuses on addressing challenges faced by local therapists in aphasia treatment. Through an ethnographic study involving observations and interviews, critical issues in current technological solutions for aphasia treatment were identified. These issues include the lack of feedback during patient training, limited localized content, repetitive materials, and a lack of options for conversational speech training. In our study, we tried to address one of these issues concerning automatic evaluation of patient speech pronunciation. By utilizing public datasets and local patient data, we developed a system that provides accurate pronunciation scores and personalized feedback, assisting therapists in guiding patient progress. The system supports customized pronunciations, including local accents and dialects. The system is designed for multiple platforms, ensuring accessibility, and can be extended to involve speech therapists to enhance its capabilities. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating research insights with clinical practice, empowering therapists, and enhancing the quality of aphasia treatment.
Evaluation Dimensions for Assessing Question Answer Systems for Lay Users: The Case of DiseaseGuru
Authors: Sukhwal Prakash Chandra , Kankanhalli Atreyi , Rajan Vaibhav
Published: November 2023

Question answer (QA) systems can serve as vital tools to address
lay users’ information needs in healthcare. While QA
systems have the potential to lessen information overload and
provide quality answers to users, it is important to holistically
evaluate their performance. Here we propose multiple
dimensions for this purpose comprising lexical similarity, semantic
similarity, absence of contradictions and readability
of responses. We then use the dimensions to evaluate DiseaseGuru,
a generative large language model-based chronic
disease QA system we developed that integrates knowledge
graph technology to provide quality responses to lay users.
The results are presented comparing it with three benchmark
algorithms across the different dimensions. We also propose
metrics for lay users and medical professionals for a future
field study to evaluate the system.
XGBoost for Interpretable Alzheimer’s Decision Support
Authors: Kadem Mason , Noseworthy Michael , Doyle Thomas
Published: November 2023

Despite their necessity in directing patient care worldwide, simple and accurate diagnostic tools for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) do not exist. To support healthcare decision-making and planning, this research leverages large, multi-site accessible data and state-of-the-art supervised machine learning (XGBoost) to enable rapid, accurate, low-cost, accessible, non-invasive, interpretable, and early clinical evaluation of AD. Machine learning was employed to combine three key features: Everyday Cognition Questionnaire, Alzheimers Disease Assessment Scale, and Delayed Total Recall, achieving area under the receiver operating characteristic curves scores consistently above 97%. The selected features are important because they are non-invasive and easily collected. Low performance on delayed recall alone appears to distinguish most AD patients, consistent with the pathophysiology of AD where individuals having problems storing new information into long-term memory. Distinguishing this research from existing literature was the focus of enhancing the model's interpretability while maintaining performance of more complex and opaque models. The interpretable model enables understanding of the decision process, vital for clinical adoption of machine learning tools in AD evaluation. In summary, we present a methodology which identified accessible and noninvasive features, each with their absolute thresholds, together with a clinically operable decision route, to accurately and rapidly detect, differentiate, and diagnose Alzheimer's disease patients.
An improved creep correction factor for footings on sand using macro-element simulations
Authors: Liu Bo , Xue Jianfeng , Lehane Barry M. , Yin Zhenyu
Published: November 2023

In many settlement prediction methods, the creep settlement of shallow foundations on sand is either disregarded or accounted for using time correction factors that lack a reliable basis. These existing settlement correction factors for creep have mainly been derived from a restricted number of long-term settlement measurements and do not consider the influence of factors such as the load level, rate of load application and properties of the soil below the foundation. In this study, a newly proposed one-dimensional elasto-viscoplastic macro-element was used to investigate the factors influencing the time-dependent behaviour of shallow foundations on sand. The safety factor of the foundation, the creep characteristics of the soils and the duration of load application were found to have important effects on the post-construction settlement development. The simulation results were used to develop an enhanced settlement correction factor for creep, which takes into account the identified factors. The improved settlement correction factor was found to be comparable to existing ones when the safety factor of the foundation is 3. The effectiveness of the proposed settlement correction factor is demonstrated using creep settlement measurements from one field footing test and two case histories.
Italo-Soviet Architectural Exchanges and Postmodernism under Late Socialism
Authors: Jeong Da Hyung
Published: November 2023

A global movement, architectural postmodernism cannot be reduced simply to the cultural logic of late capitalism, nor should its analysis be restricted, as in recent revisionist histories, to the geo- graphical confines of the Eastern Bloc. By revealing that the ideas, design strategies and images that make up postmodern architecture did not belong squarely to either side of the Cold War geopolitical divide, this paper argues that a full understanding of the movement requires an inquiry going beyond the scope of a single ideological context.
The emergence of architectural postmodernism is to be located in the interstitial space between the 'capitalist West' and the 'socialist East'. Yet familiar narratives of knowledge transfer from the former to the latter are reductive and fail to capture historical reality in all its complexity and ambiguity. For instance, Aldo Rossi's work was known and may have been consciously replicated by Soviet architects. Less acknowledged is the fact that, in the Italian context, the rise of architectural postmodernism went hand in hand with the consolidation of a 'tradition of study of Soviet architecture'. Rossi was just one among many Italian architects —  such as Paolo Portoghesi, Carlo Aymonino or Vittorio Gregotti —  who, undertaking a critique of modernism, drew crucial inspiration from Soviet architecture, particularly Socialist Realist theory and practice.