bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PEREKONOMIAN DI DESA KURIPAN
Authors: R M. Dahlan , Setiana Unang , Kosasih Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Manusia berinteraksi dengan lingkungan terus-menerus. Interaksi ini mempengaruhi kualitas hidup, tahun hidup sehat hidup, dan kesenjangan kesehatan. Kesehatan lingkungan merupakan faktor penting dalam kehidupan sosial kemasyarakatan, bahkan merupakan salah satu unsur penentu atau determinan dalam kesejahteraan penduduk. Di mana lingkungan yang sehat sangat dibutuhkan bukan hanya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga untuk kenyamanan hidup dan meningkatkan efisiensi kerja dan belajar. Salah satu implementasi dari kesehatan lingkungan adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan dari sampah-sampah baik organic maupun an organic. Sampah anorganik biasanya berupa botol, kertas, plastik, kaleng, sampah bekas alat- alat elektronik dan lain-lain. Sampah ini sering kita jumpai di beberapa tempat seperti sungai, halaman rumah, lahan pertanian dan di jalan-jalan. Sifatnya sukar diurai oleh mikroorganisma, sehingga akan bertahan lama menjadi sampah. Sampah plastik bisa bertahan sampai ratusan tahun, sehingga dampaknya akan sangat lama. Masalah sampah merupakan masalah masyarakat secara keseluruhan karena setiap hari sampah selalu ada. Tidak terkecuali dengan Desa Kuripan, tepatnya di dusun Cihoe Ombang. Salah satu problem yang terjadi adalah berserakan sampah di sekitar pemukiman warga. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya upaya untuk mengatasi problem tersebut, yaitu dengan memberdayakan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan limbah an organik untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan dan perekonomian.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI KOMUNIKASI PENYULUHAN
Authors: Avessina Mohammad Jibriel , Kustari Septi Amelinda , Anisa Zahra
Published: April 2019

Penyuluhan merupakan usaha untuk mengubah pengetahuan, sikap, kebiasaan dan keterampilan dengan membantu, mempengaruhi dan memotivasi masyarakat sehingga dapat meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. Penyuluhan merupakan proses pendidikan diluar sekolah yang diselenggarakan secara sistematis ditujukan pada orang dewasa (masyarakat) agar mau, mampu dan berswadaya dalam memperbaiki atau meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarganya dan masyarakat luas. Penyuluhan yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan mengenai kewirausahaan dan hukum dagang. Penyuluhan yang diusung dalam kegiatan ini memiliki tujuan yaitu: (1) Meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat melalui pelatihan berwirausaha (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan hukum masyarakat melalui penyuluhan hukum dagang. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah: (1) Pendekatan religius (2) Pendekatan organisasi (3) Pendekatan kekerabatan (4) Pendekatan berdasarkan karakter masyarakat. Setelah kegiatan ini masyarakat Desa Pamijahan khususnya warga Kampung Citamiang 2 lebih mengetahui bagaimana hukum dalam berdagang dan lebih antusias dalam berwirausaha.
Impact of stakeholders on the
development of non-governmental organisations in Slovenia
Authors: Mevlja Bojan , Kavčič Klemen
Published: April 2019

Unlike profit organisations, which pursue profitable goals under the influence of influential stakeholders, the interests of stakeholders in nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) are much less uniform. The paper aims to focus on the contribution and the characteristics of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Slovenia, and the conflicting interests as well as the impact of internal and external stakeholders of NGOs. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical analysis of the key infl uences of internal and external stakeholders. Our intention is to determine the relations between the interests of influential stakeholders and the performance of the organisations in question, as well as to define the understanding of performance from the viewpoint of NGOs’ management. We confirmed the hypothesis proposing that the external influences of stakeholders have a greater impact on the performance than the internal infl uences. We found out that public relations, advocacy, fundraising and regularity have a statistically significant influence on the NGOs’ mission. Complexity and heterogeneity of non-governmental organisations could be counted among the most important research limitations. From the aspect of scientific contribution in the geographical area of Central Europe, i.e. a former communist state, a country in transition economy, it was thus far impossible to find contributions to empirically examine the impact of stakeholders on the development of nongovernmental organisations; therefore, the study described in the article is unique in this area.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF WATER VAPOR CONDENSATION WITHIN GAS ATMOSPHERES AND COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Authors: Soroka B.S. , Horupa V.V.
Published: April 2019

Water vapor is the most important working medium by the processes of energy generation and conversion. The H2O content in gases and gas mixtures serves as a standard of their desiccation by technological processes. The presence of vapor in the air-oxidizer provides a reduction of harmful substances formation by combustion. The values characterizing the saturation state: the dew point tdew and the wet bulb thermometer twb temperature are used to evaluate an approximation degree of the wet gas system (any air, gas mixtures or combustion products) to the condensation state. The values of these parameters have been determined for moist air in dependence on the basic temperature and the relative humidity of an air. The lower are the temperature values tdew, twb, the wider is the region of H2O existence in the vapor phase. The EUROSTAT’s gas fuels list includes the natural gas (NG), blast furnace gas (BFG), coke oven gas (COG). Calculations of dew point values of the combustion products for the gas fuels: NG, COG, BFG has been carried out in dependence on the characteristics of the combustion air: the oxidizer excess factor l, the temperature ta and the relative humidity ja. The dew point tdew values have been found under standard conditions for the combustion products of the listed gas fuels, presented by stoichiometric (l = 1.0) mixtures with dry air: pure methane, NG, COG, BFG. The tdew values make — respectively 59.3; 58.5; 11.1; 61.5. In the case of saturated air as an oxidizer at temperature of 25 °C, the dew point for the combustion products of the listed fuels makes the folloving values: 62.0; 61.5; 25.6; 64.0 °C respectively. The fractions of H2O in the vapor and liquid phases of natural gas combustion products are determined as a function of temperature by condition that the 100 % content of H2O in from of vapor state (without water) corresponds to the saturation temperature (or dew point).This temperature has value of about 60°C for combustion products under stoichiometric air/gas ratio. Bibl. 31, Fig. 10, Tab. 3.
POTENTIAL OF THE DRI TECNOLOGIES AND DIRECTIONS OF ITS USAGE IN IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTION (REVIEW)
Authors: Rudyka V.I.
Published: April 2019

The brief review of the state of modern world and european metallurgy is presented. A range of problems of current importance to european steel production is highlighted together with the role and significance of alternative technologies of hot iron production in their solution. Information reflecting the status of these technologies as well as directions of their potential usage in the EU is provided. The actuality of the above subjects for СО2 ukrainian iron and steel production is noted. Bibl. 5, Fig. 9, Tab. 1.
FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS USE FOR PROVIDING THE NECESSARY THERMAL MODE OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT (REVIEW)
Authors: Mikulionok I.O.
Published: April 2019

A new approach to providing the necessary temperature of technological equipment of various industries, in particular, chemical, food, microbiological, heat and power, and therefore a stable thermal mode of processing the flows of substances and materials that are in the specified equipment is proposed. It has been proposed to make working bodies and elements of equipment in contact with the flows of the substances and materials being processed from magnetic material with a phase transition temperature of the second type (Curie point), which corresponds to the temperature of the technological process. The designs of tubular heat exchangers, dryers, packed and disc mass transfer columns, separators, equipment for the processing of thermoplastics (extrusion head, static mixers, worm extruder), as well as bulk feeder are considered. Bibl. 19, Fig. 15.
MODERNIZATION OF TUNNEL KILN FOR CERAMIC BRICKS CALCINATION LLC «METEKHIS CERAMICS» (GEORGIA)
Authors: Torchinskij A.I. , Ljashko A.Yu. , Chichua Z.
Published: April 2019

Gas-burning devices of SG Series and the system of automatic control of firing ceramic bricks for the tunnel kiln by production of Gas Institute of NAS of Ukraine were mounted at the enterprise LLC «Metekhis ceramics» (Georgia. The analysis of the design features of this type of furnaces was made by the Bulgarian project. The advantages and disadvantages caused by outdated thermal equipment and the lack of aerodynamic parameters of automatic control systems are also considered. The fundamental scheme of the kiln is designed with a new thermo-heating engineering equipment and automatics for thermal and aerodynamic modes regulation The influence of new heating engineering equipment and automatics is considered for the quality of manufactured products, kiln productivity and natural gas specific consumption. Bibl. 5, Fig. 2
SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS
Authors: Soroka B.S. , Horupa V.V.
Published: April 2019

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.
ENERGY-SAVING EQUIPMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN TUNNEL KILN FOR CERAMIC BRICKS CALCINATION
Authors: Torchinskij A.I. , Ljashko A.Yu. , Shkarlinskij O.F. , Chichua Z. , Volobuev S.V.
Published: April 2019

The analysis of the technical decisions used in the Bulgarian projects of tunnel kilns for ceramic brick calcination is carried out. Disadvantages, caused by out-of-date heating engineering equipment, are shown on an example of enterprise of «Metekhis ceramics», Georgia. Necessary measures of modernisation of tunnel kilns for ceramic brick calcination built by the Bulgarian projects are stated. The basis of modernisation – the substituting of out-of-date gas-burning devices by modern gas-burners; expansion of calcination zone due to installing of gas-burning devices on positions of preheating zone; implementation of modern automatic control systems for thermal and aerodynamic process adjustment. The principal scheme of the tunnel kiln for ceramic brick calcination including modern heating engineering equipment and automation of adjusting of thermal and aerodynamic mode is worked out. Explanations of advantages of modern equipment and modern automation system applying for quality improvement of manufactured products, increasing of a productivity of a tunnel kiln and reducing of specific consumption of natural gas are presented. Bibl. 5, Fig. 3.
STUDYING OF THE OPERATION STEAM CHEMICAL CLEANING OF BOILER TGMP-344A OF MINSK TPP-4
Authors: Mysak Yo.S. , Fedoryshyn V.S. , Mysak S.Yo. , Kovalenko T.P. , Khanas O.O.
Published: April 2019

The steam chemical cleaning of the internal surfaces of the screen tubes of the boiler TGMP-344A of Minsk TPP-4 was developed by the engineers of Private Company «LvivORGRES» and implemented in production. The methods and stages of its conduct are presented. The principal scheme of operation steam chemical cleaning of the boiler TGMP-344A and its description is given. The list of devices for controlling the parameters of circulation and steam purging is presented. A table of the chemicals used for steam chemical purification was submitted. Comparative results of contaminations of heating surfaces of the boiler before and after the steam chemical cleaning are presented. It is shown that the application of steam chemical cleaning of the boiler provides a significant decreasing in the formation of new deposits on the internal surfaces of the boiler screen tubes. After using of this technology, 94 % of deposits were removed from the steam-water path of the boiler, compared with the initial contamination, and it was determined the removed amount of iron in terms of Fe2O3 is 3464 kg. Bibl. 6, Fig. 1, Tab. 2.
دور نظام تخطيط موارد الوحدة الاقتصادية ( ERP) في تعزيز دقة الابلاغ المالي
Authors: سلمان عامر محمد , يوسف علي محمد
Published: April 2019

في هذه الأيام, يعد اعتماد الوحدة الاقتصادية على دقة الابلاغ المالي أمراً غاية في الاهمية. ان تحتاج الوحدات الاقتصادية الى دقة الابلاغ المالي لتكون أكثر تنافسية ولتحسين أدائهم. كما يمكن أن تحقق الإدارة المعلومات المالية في الوقت الحقيقي من خلال تطبيق نظم تخطيط موارد  الوحدة الاقتصادية. ومن شأن هذا النظام أن يسهل للإدارة الوصول لأحدث المعلومات مثل التخطيط, الرقابة وتقييم العمليات التجارية للوحدة الاقتصادية لتكون أكثر فاعلية. وفي الجانب العملي تم تطبيق نظام تخطيط موارد  الوحدة الاقتصادية على  الوحدة الاقتصادية العامة للزيوت النباتية لبيان دوره في تعزيز دقة الابلاغ المالي.وتوصل الباحثان الى عدة استنتاجات اهمها ان نظام تخطيط موارد  الوحدة الاقتصادية يتميز عن الانظمة الاخرى بانة لا يقتصر تطبيقه داخل الوحدة الاقتصادية فحسب وانما يتعداها ليشمل انشطة خارجها. وان لنظم تخطيط موارد الوحدة الاقتصادية ارتباطا قوياً بدقة الابلاغ المالي. ومن اهم التوصيات التي توصل اليه البحث:

1-ضرورة اتمته نظام المعلومات المحاسبي للوحدة الاقتصادية في حالة تكامله مع نظام تخطيط موارد الوحدة الاقتصادية بقاعدة بيانات موحدة.

2-على الرغم من ارتفاع تكاليف استخدام نظام تخطيط موارد الوحدة الاقتصادية لكن نوصي باستخدامه لكونه يحقق الدقة في عملية الابلاغ المالي
دور بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة (BSC) و six sigma في تحسين الاداء الاستراتيجي دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من منتسبي الشركة العامة للسمنت الشمالية
Authors: ثابت الاء وضاح
Published: April 2019

ان لتقييم كفاءة الاداء اهمية بالغة في حاجة الادارة الى الرقابة والتخطيط والتقييم الدوري المستمر للانشطة المتعددة التي تمارسها الشركة العامة للسمنت الشمالية لمعرفة مستوى تحقيق الاهداف المرسومة وتقويم الانحرافات والتلكؤ التي  يظهرها التقييم وتحديد المسؤولية، فما لا يمكن قياسه لا يمكن ادارته فهدف البحث الى ابراز اثر استخدام المؤشرات المتوازنة (BSC) المالية وغير المالية لاعطاء صورة واضحة وشاملة عن اداء الشركة وقياس مستوى جودة ادائها  باستخدام six sigma ومستوى الانحرافات في تحقيق الاهداف المخططة لذا تم صياغة اربع فرضيات رئيسة للبحث هما الفرضية الرئيسة الاولى :هي توجد علاقة ارتباط بين العلامات المتوازنة ( (BSC مع الاداء الاستراتيجي، اما الفرضية الرئيسة الثانية: يوجد تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية  لبطاقة العلامات المتوازنة ( (BSC مع الاداء الاستراتيجي، اما الفرضية الرئيسة الثالثة: توجد علاقة ارتباط  بين six sigma مع الاداء الاستراتيجي،والفرضية الرئيسة الرابعة: يوجد تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية بين six sigma مع الاداء الاستراتيجي.  وتوصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات نظرية وعملية من اهمها ان العلامات المتوازنة اسلوب متكامل يسهم في دمج التصور المالي وغير المالي مع الاداء الاستراتيجي (التشغيلي والانتاجي) من اجل ضمان تحقيق استراتيجيات محددة والرقابة عليها بما يحقق الاهداف المرسومة وتقييم الاداء وتطويره في ضوء تلك الاهداف، وقد تبين من خلال التحليل الاحصائي لاستمارة الاستبانة ان هناك علاقة (ارتباط، تأثير) بين كل من بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة مع الاداء الاستراتيجي وكذلك اثبت التحليل وجود علاقة (ارتباط، تأثير) بين  six sigma  مع الاداء الاستراتيجي.
La Investigación-Acción y la docencia crítico - reflexiva: notas para un itinerario formativo
Authors: Osorio Jorge
Published: April 2019

Este texto es una versión escrita de una conferencia que el autor realizó a un grupo de educadores-as acerca de la vigencia de la Investigación-Acción como marco de análisis, exploración e interpretación de las prácticas educativas y pedagógicas de lo-as docentes que trabajan en contextos de educación universitaria, de formación para el liderazgo pedagógico y de las personas adultas, en perspectiva de darle sentido reflexivo y crítico a su acción profesional. Plantea lo que a juicio del autor son los atributos de identidad de la Investigación-Acción practicada desde instituciones educacionales que declaran su adhesión a modos innovadores de docencia y orientados al aprendizaje transformacional.
Study of gonado- and reproductive toxicity of technical-grade carbendazim in male and female Wistar Han rats
Authors: Kolianchyk Ya.V.
Published: April 2019

Objective. Identification of hazard and assessment of the risk of gonado- and reproductive toxicity of two generic pesticides of technical-grade carbendazim of different purity bin male and female Wistar Han rats.

Materials and Methods. Carbendazim with the purity of 98 % (C1) and 98.1 % (C2) was intragastrically administered on the daily basis, excluding Saturday and Sunday, at the doses of 2.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight in three groups of animals (20 males and female rats in each) during 10 weeks (forfemales) and 11 weeks (for males). Control animals received an equivalent amount of the solvent. Intact animals intended for breeding were managed in parallel with the control and experimental animals. After the end of the exposure, functional parameters of the condition of gonads and reproductive ability of the animals were investigated. Females were used to investigate the condition of the oestral cycle, duration and frequency of each stage of it. The condition of the reproductive function in the female rats was considered at Day 20 of pregnancy. Indices of breeding, conception, fertility, pregnancy were established, and the duration of the pre-coitalperiod was considered.

Results and Discussion. The data obtained suggest that exposure to two generic substances of carbendazim at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight during 11 weeks is manifested in general toxic effect (body weight reduction) only in males upon exposure to C2. All test substances in the maximum dose have reproductive toxicity and show significant anti-androgenic action that is manifested as changes in the morphological and functional parameters of the condition of gonads in the experimental groups of male rats. Furthermore, the negative effect on the oestral cycle in experimental female rats exposed to C2 was noted.

Conclusion. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that all test samples of carbendazim have reproductive toxicity at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. No-observed-effect level (NOEL) for all test compounds is 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Dose-effect dependence was observed in the range of studies doses.
The Strategic Plan for Control of Tuberculosis in Australia, 2016–2020: Towards Disease Elimination
Authors:   The National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee for the Communicable Diseases Network Australia
Published: April 2019

This NTAC Strategic Plan is the plan for the five years from 2016 to 2020 towards the elimination of Tuberculosis (TB). The goals of this Strategic Plan are to: (i) reduce TB incidence by an average of 10% per annum by 2020, to ensure Australia is on the right path to meet the 2035 target; and (ii) substantially reduce the disparity in TB rates between Indigenous and Australian born non-Indigenous populations by 2020, with the aim of zero disparity by 2035.
Development and validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale for health professions personnel in the United States
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Yuen Hon Keung , Darwin Max , Jenkins Gavin , Kirklin Kimberly
Published: April 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the development and validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale (HFMPES), which is used to evaluate the competency of health professions personnel in delivering magic tricks as a therapeutic modality. Methods: A 2-phase validation process was used. Phase I (content validation) involved 16 magician judges who independently rated the relevance of each of the 5 items in the HFMPES and established the veracity of its content. Phase II evaluated the psychometric properties of the HFMPES. This process involved 2 magicians using the HFMPES to independently evaluate 73 occupational therapy graduate students demonstrating 3 magic tricks.Results: The HFMPES achieved an excellent scale-content validity index of 0.99. Exploratory factor analysis of the HFMPES scores revealed 1 distinct factor with alpha coefficients ≥0.8 across the 3 magic tricks. The construct validity of the HFMPES scores was further supported by evidence from a known-groups analysis, in which the Mann–Whitney U-test showed significant difference in HFMPES scores between participants with different levels of experience in delivering the 3 magic tricks. The inter-rater reliability coefficients were ≥0.75 across the 3 magic tricks, indicating that the competency of health professions personnel in delivering the 3 magic tricks could be evaluated precisely.Conclusion: Preliminary evidence supported the content and construct validity of the HFMPES, which was found to have good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability in evaluating health professions personnel’s competency in delivering magic tricks.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS V SD NEGERI 99 PEKANBARU
Authors: Hermita Neni , Adiputra M. Jaya , Sari Dian Maya
Published: April 2019

Guru, murid, dan bahan ajar merupakan unsur dominan dalam proses pembelajaran.Kualitas pengajaran mempengaruhi keefektifan proses pembelajaran dan akanberdampak terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmeningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas V SDNegeri 099 Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 34 orang siswa dengan 14 orang siswa laki-lakidan 20 siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini secara khusus menggunakan rancangan penelitianone group pretest-posttest desaign. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah siswayang mencapai nilai di 60-100 pada pretest sebanyak 5 siswa, dan pada postest sebanyak25 siswa atau dalam bentuk persentase 15% dan 74%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian inimaka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah berpengaruhterhadap peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas VSD Negeri 99 Pekanbaru.Kata kunci: keterampilan berpikir kritis, pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah.
PENGGUNAAN METODE KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDN 002 BAGAN BESAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: ' Nurlela
Published: April 2019

This study titled STAD type of cooperative use to improve student learning outcomes Learning Math Class V SDN 002 Bagan Besar. This study aims to increase in activity and the results of student learning using STAD type of cooperative learning in Math Class V student of SDN 002 Bagan Besar Kecamatan Bukit Kapur Dumai. The method used is descriptive method with the form of classroom action research study. The results obtained are student activity. Shows that the use of cooperative methods can enhance the activity and results of students of class V SDN 002 Bagan Besar Kecamatan Bukit Kapur Dumai.Keywords: cooperative type STAD, mathematics learning outcomes
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PARAFRASE TERARAHUNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KARANGAN SINGKAT SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 014 SILIKUAN HULUKECAMATAN UKUI
Authors: Sitorus Kemeria
Published: April 2019

The problem in this research is the ability to write a short essay of students is low with the average value of 58.25. This is caused by: (a) students are less able to prepare the outline of a well; (B) disadvantaged students elaborated the outline into a complete and coherent essay; (C) less students read essays with correct punctuation; (D) students are less able to respond to the reading essay correctly. Based on this problem researchers want to conduct classroom action research (PTK) with the aim of increasing the ability to write a short essay through the implementation of strategies directed paraphrase. This study was conducted in SD Negeri 014 Silikuan Hulu, Kecamatan Ukui. The subjects were students of class IV with a number of 30 students with details of 15 male students and 15 female students. This study was done 2 cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings with one daily tests. The data collection technique used is the technique of observation activities of teachers and students and the testing techniques brief essay writing skills. The analysis technique used is the analysis of the activity of teachers and students and the results of tests the ability to write a short essay. The results of this study show that implementation paraphrase strategies directed to improve the ability to write concise Elementary School fourth grade students Silikuan Hulu, Kecamatan Ukui. This is confirmed by the data obtained in the research which states that: (a) the activities of teachers has increased in each cycle, meeting first gained 41.66% (category quite perfect), meeting 2 gained 58% (category quite perfect), meetings 3 gained 75% (perfect category), and 4 meeting will acquire 83% (category is perfect); (b) the activity of students has increased at each cycle, meeting one gained 56% (category quite perfect), meeting 2 gained 76% (perfect category), 3 meeting gained 88% (category is perfect), and 4 meeting gained 98% (category is perfect); (c) the results of learning about the ability to write a short essay of students has increased each cycle, the first cycle gained 66.25 and the second cycle obtain 72.75. Increased mastery learning students in the first cycle of 50% and the second cycle by 80%.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS II SDN 003 PAGARAN TAPAH DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Rosnihayati Rosnihayati
Published: April 2019

The background of this study is the low results of social studies grade II SDN 003 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam. For that research by applying the learning media. The purpose of this study was (a) to determine the ability of teachers to use the media images in the learning process; and (b) to assess student learning outcomes through the use of media images in the learning process. This study is a class action, the subjects in this study was grade II by the number of students as many as 30 people, the study was conducted in March-April 2015. In order to study this class action work well without barriers obstructing the smooth running of research, phases of action research activities classes, namely: planning / preparatory action, action, observation, and reflection. The study states that the results of social studies students has increased after application of instructional media. This is evidenced by: (a) in the first cycle of the first meeting of student activity earn a percentage 58.00%, at a meeting II increases with the percentage of 77.00%, in the second cycle student activity increased with the percentage of 83.50%, and at a meeting II increased to 88.00%; and (b) the learning outcomes of students has increased in the first cycle average student learning outcomes by 64, the second cycle increased to 65. Based on the results of this study concluded that the use of media images in improving learning outcomes second grade students in social studies in SDN 003 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam Rokan Hulu.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) UNTUK HASIL BELAJARBAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS I SD NEGERI 012 PANGKALAN BARU KECAMATAN SIAK HULU
Authors: Arisah Arisah
Published: April 2019

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of Indonesian students at grade 012 SD Negeri Pangkalan Baru, withan average grade of 59.25. This research is a classroom action research (CAR). Aiming to improve the learning outcomes ofIndonesian students of class I SD Negeri 012 Pangkalan Baru. The subjects of this study were class I students of SD Negeri 012Pangkalan Baru, which amounted to 40 heterogeneous people. The data used in this study is data about the results of learningIndonesian. This study presents learning outcomes obtained from odd semester grades. The learning outcomes that occur frombefore the CAR is held with an average of 65.5 in the less category, while after the classroom action research in cycle I with anaverage of 65.5 with sufficient categories and in cycle II with an average of 71 in the good category. So the increase between thebasic score of the first cycle is 10.54% while the basic score of the second cycle is 19.83%. The results of this study prove thatthe application of the contextual teaching and learning model (CTL) can improve the learning outcomes of Indonesian studentsin class I SD Negeri 012 Pangkalan Baru.
The Essence and Content of Social and Economic Security
Authors: Shvaiba D.
Published: April 2019

Security is considered as a phenomenon that characterizes the essence of the state in which the object (its unity, development and existence) is not threatened by anyone and anything. The term ‘does not threaten’ refers to the inaccessibility of criteria, messages or direct influence that have the probability to destroy, disrupt or otherwise affect the unity of the object (social structure), or to complicate the circumstances of its existence, formation, etc., or to remove these circumstances and messages. In addition, security is implemented in all forms, depending on the types of social entities (individual, family, community, professional community, party, Association, government, country, nation, civilization, interstate associations, etc.), and, in addition, within the framework of those areas of social relations, in which the main interests of society are realized: financial, economic, political, environmental, humanitarian, information, military, etc. When considering the relationship between security in General and state protection in particular with the impact of the country, it is necessary to separate the definitions of ‘security’ and ‘security protection’. Scientists often do not see differences between the concepts of state security and state security. In particular, V. Serebryannikov highlights the definition of security as “the activities of people, companies, country, global community for the identification (study), the prevention, weakening, destruction (dissolution) and the reflection of the threats and dangers that can destroy them to deny basic material and spiritual values, to inflict unacceptable (unacceptable subjectively and objectively) the harm to block the road to modern development”. There is not only a substitution of definitions of ‘security’ and ‘security protection’, but this approach leads to the following: in the development of a system of criteria of state security or its elements (socio–economic security, for example) it introduces aspects such as the gross national product, the degree and quality of life, the rate of inflation, the rate of employment, the lack of budgetary funds, etc.so it is about indicators to achieve which is aimed at the financial and economic policy of the country. So, these characteristics depict the effectiveness of the work to ensure protectedness but do not represent a complete picture of the level of protectedness.
Türk Şirketler Hukukundaki Bazı Durumlarda Tahkim Anlaşmasının Üçüncü Kişilere Teşmili Sorunu
Authors: ACUN MEKENGEÇ Merve
Published: April 2019

İhtiyari tahkimin en temel gereği tahkim anlaşmasıdır. Tahkim anlaşması da her sözleşme gereği kural olarak nisbidir. Ancak bazı durumlarda nisbilik ilkesinin istisnaları ortaya çıkabilir. Bu istisnalar sayesinde tahkim anlaşmasının üçüncü kişilere teşmili mümkün hâle gelir. Böylelikle üçüncü kişinin de tahkim yargılamasının tarafı olması, hakem kararının tenfizini, icrasını ya da iptalini talep etmesi gibi durumlar meydana gelebilir. Bu ihtimal farklı şekillerde ortaya çıkabilir. Biz çalışmamız kapsamında şirketler hukuku bakımından meseleyi ele aldık. Çalışmada konu, doktrindeki görüşler ve Yargıtay uygulamalarına da yer verilerek incelenmiştir
Bireysel Başvuru Çerçevesinde Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin Verdiği İcra ve İflâs Hukukuna İlişkin Kararların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DOĞAN Emsalgül
Published: April 2019

Anayasa ve uluslararası düzenlemelerde güvence altına alınan

temel hak ve özgürlükler devredilemez ve vazgeçilemez niteliktedir. İnsan

haklarına saygılı bir hukuk devletinde temel hakların gözetilmesi zorunludur.

Hukuk alanlarının tümünü ilgilendiren temel haklar, icra hukuku bakımından özel

bir öneme sahiptir.  Zira devletin cebri

icra faaliyeti kişilerin hakimiyet alanına müdahale edilmesi sonucunu

doğurmaktadır. Bu durum ise doğal olarak temel haklara değinilmesi anlamına

gelmektedir. Bu noktada kamu gücü tarafından temel hak ve özgürlükleri ihlal

edilen kişinin başvurabileceği bir imkân olan “AYM’ye bireysel başvuru” kurumu

karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Anayasa’nın 148. maddesinin 3. fıkrasında düzenlenen söz

konusu kurum kapsamında herkes, Anayasa’da güvene altına alınmış temel hak ve

özgürlüklerinden AİHS kapsamındaki herhangi birinin kamu gücü tarafından ihlal

edildiği iddiasıyla AYM’ye başvurabilecektir. Çalışmada AYM’nin bireysel

başvuru yoluyla bugüne kadar önüne gelmiş olaylar neticesinde verdiği kararlar

icra ve iflas hukukunu ilgilendirdiği kadarıyla incelenecektir. Dolayısıyla

bahsi geçen temel haklar icra ve iflas hukuku bakımından bireysel başvurulara

konu teşkil etmiş olanlarla sınırlı kalacaktır.
İsviçre ve Türk Yargı Kararlarında Eser Kavramı, Özellikle Estetik Operasyonu Konu Edinen Sözleşmenin Hukuki Niteliğine İlişkin Olarak Yargıtay’ın Yaklaşımı: Güncel Bir Bakış
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Hülya
Published: April 2019

Eser sözleşmesine göre

yüklenicinin meydana getirmekle yükümlendiği eser, belirli bir iş görmenin

sonucundan oluşur. Eser, maddi veya maddi olmayan bir iş görme sonucu olabilir.

Eser kavramını geniş yorumlayan

İsviçre Federal Mahkemesi, son zamanlardaki kararlarında maddi olmayan iş görme

sonuçlarının eser olarak kabul edilmesi yönünden bir sınırlama getirmiştir.

Buna göre maddi olmayan iş görme sonucunun Art. 363 OR/TBK m. 470 anlamında bir

eser kabul edilebilmesi için sonucun doğruluğunun objektif ölçütlere göre

kontrol edilebilmesi ve bu suretle doğru veya yanlış olarak

nitelendirilebilmesi gerekir.

Yargıtay da eser kavramını geniş

yorumlamaktadır. Yargıtay’a göre “eser sözleşmesi, bir iş görme borcu doğuran

sözleşme olmakla beraber burada önemli olan çalışmanın kendisinden ziyade bu

çalışma neticesi ortaya çıkan ve objektif olarak gözlemlenen sonuçtur. İşi

yapmayı üstlenen, işsahibi ile akdi ilişkiye girerken bir sonuç (eser) meydana

getirmeyi taahhüt etmektedir. Bu anlamda eser, bir iş görme faaliyetinin maddi

veya maddi olmayan sonucudur”.

Estetik operasyon, kişinin vücut

bütünlüğüne yönelik estetik amaçlı cerrahi bir müdahaleyi ifade eder. Estetik

operasyonu konu edinen bir sözleşme, Yargıtay’ca eser sözleşmesi olarak

nitelendirilmektedir. Ancak Yargıtay’ın, taahhütte bulunanın önceden hâkim

olamayacağı tartılamayan faktörlere bağlı sonuçların bir iş görme sonucu olarak

vaat edilemeyeceği yönü üzerinde yeterince durmadığı gözlemlenmektedir. Nitekim

mesela tedaviye ilişkin belirli bir sonucun elde edilmesi taahhüt edilemez.

Aynı durum, aslında estetik operasyonlar için de geçerlidir. Yargıtay’ın

estetik operasyon hakkındaki sözleşmenin hukuki niteliğine ilişkin değerlendirmesini

yeniden gözden geçirmesi gerekir. Burada uygulanması gereken vekâlet sözleşmesi

hükümleri olmalıdır. Eğer belirli bir operasyon sonucunun gerçekleşeceği de

taahhüt ediliyorsa, sonuca ilişkin bağımsız garanti taahhüdüyle birlikte

vekâlet sözleşmesi düşünülmelidir. 
A representação do brasileiro nordestino nos filmes de cangaço
Authors: Vilela Anne Araujo
Published: April 2019

In the Northeast of Brazil, the “cangaço” phenomenon, which began in the 18th century and was more expressive between the end of the nineteenth century and the fi rst decades of the twentieth century, is a formative element of Northeastern culture, still inhabiting the imaginary of the inhabitants of theregion. This historical movement was portrayed in Brazilian cinema in different periods and in diff erent ways. The first films with this theme came from 1920. The question of the construction and reconstruction of the Historical Culture (Jörn Rüsen) of the Brazilian northeastern can be made through the communicative, social and cultural memory of the “cangaço” by the cinema. The films that portray the “cangaço”, some more realistic than others, claim to represent the history, customs and traditions of the Northeastern. This is possible because the cinema can be an agent of history, being able to make a historical and social reading through the fi lms and also can be made cinematographic readings of the history (Marc Ferro). Knowing that movies are cultural products that convey representations, cut and organize the social experience, tell stories, times, places, emotions, perspectives and worldviews, these real or fictional representations, memory or history, help to fi x social memory of the past, representations are always subjugated to certain perspectives and worldviews, we conclude that the films bring visions of sociocultural relations, there are always ideological discourses or collective perspectives related to this fi delity, and that there is no absolute truth (Robert Stam).
Bamboo Garden Trimming Problem: Priority Schedulings
Authors: D’Emidio Mattia , Di Stefano Gabriele , Navarra Alfredo
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with the Bamboo Garden Trimming (BGT) problem introduced in [Gąsieniec et al., SOFSEM’17]. The problem is difficult to solved due to its close relationship to Pinwheel scheduling. The garden with n bamboos is an analogue of a system of n machines that have to be attended (e.g., serviced) with different frequencies. During each day, bamboo b i grows an extra height h i , for i = 1 , … , n and, on the conclusion of the day, at most one bamboo has its entire height cut.The goal is to design a perpetual schedule of cuts to keep the height of the tallest ever bamboo as low as possible. The contribution in this paper is twofold, and is both theoretical and experimental. In particular, the focus is on understanding what has been called priority schedulings, i.e., cutting strategies where priority is given to bamboos whose current height is above a threshold greater than or equal to H = ∑ i = 1 n h i . Value H represents the total daily growth of the system and it is known that one cannot keep bamboos in the garden below this threshold indefinitely. As the first result, it is proved that, for any distribution of integer growth rates h 1 , … , h n and any priority scheduling, the system stabilises in a fixed cycle of cuts. Then, the focus is on the so-called ReduceMax strategy, a greedy priority scheduling that each day cuts the tallest bamboo, regardless of the growth rates distribution. ReduceMax is known to provide a O ( log n ) -approximation, with respect to the lower bound H. One of the main results achieved is that, if ReduceMax stabilises in a round-robin type cycle, then it guarantees 2-approximation. Furthermore, preliminary results are provided relating the structure of the input instance, in terms of growth rates, and the behavior of ReduceMax when applied to such inputs. Finally, a conjecture that ReduceMax is 2-approximating for the BGT problem is claimed, hence an extended experimental evaluation was conducted to support the conjecture and to compare ReduceMax with other relevant scheduling algorithms. The obtained results show that ReduceMax : (i) provides 2-approximation in all considered inputs; and (ii) always outperforms other considered strategies, even those for which better worst case approximation guarantees have been proven.
Pulmonary Fissure Detection in 3D CT Images Using a Multiple Section Model
Authors: Xiao Runing , Zhou Jinzhi
Published: April 2019

As a typical landmark in human lungs, the detection of pulmonary fissures is of significance to computer aided diagnosis and surgery. However, the automatic detection of pulmonary fissures in CT images is a difficult task due to complex factors like their 3D membrane shape, intensity variation and adjacent interferences. Based on the observation that the fissure object often appears as thin curvilinear structures across 2D section images, we present an efficient scheme to solve this problem by merging the fissure line detection from multiple cross-sections in different directions. First, an existing oriented derivative of stick (ODoS) filter was modified for pulmonary fissure line enhancement. Then, an orientation partition scheme was applied to suppress the adhering clutters. Finally, a multiple section model was proposed for pulmonary fissure integration and segmentation. The proposed method is expected to improve fissure detection by extracting more weak objects while suppressing unrelated interferences. The performance of our scheme was validated in experiments using the publicly available open Lobe and Lung Analysis 2011 (LOLA11) dataset. Compared with manual references, the proposed scheme achieved a high segmentation accuracy, with a median F1-score of 0.8916, which was much better than conventional methods.
Nucleus, Cytoskeleton, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38 Dynamics during In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes
Authors: Intawicha Payungsuk , Tsai Li-Kuang , Yen Shih-Ying , Lo Neng-Wen , Ju Jyh-Cherng
Published: April 2019

The mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) p38, a member of the MAPK subfamily, is conserved in all mammalian cells and plays important roles in response to various physiologic cues, including mitogens and heat shock. In the present study, MAPK p38 protein expression in porcine oocytes was analyzed during in vitro maturation (IVM) by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The levels of p-p38 or activated p38 and p38 expression were at the lowest in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocyte, gradually rising at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and then reaching a plateau throughout the IVM culture (p < 0.05). Similarly, the expression level of total p38 was also lower in the GV oocyte than in the oocyte of other meiotic stages and uprising after GVBD and remained high until the metaphase III (MII) stage (p < 0.05). In the GV stage, phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) was initially detectable in the ooplasm and subsequently became clear around the nucleus and localized in the ooplasm at GVBD (18 h post-culture). During the metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII) stages, p-p38 was evenly distributed throughout the ooplasm after IVM for 30 or 42 h. We found that the subcellular localization increased in p-p38 expression throughout oocyte maturation (p < 0.05) and that dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton, including microfilaments and microtubules, was progressively changed during the course of meiotic maturation which was likely to be associated with the activation or networking of p38 with other proteins in supporting oocyte development. In conclusion, the alteration of p38 activation is essential for the regulation of porcine oocyte maturation, accompanied by the progressive reorganization and redistribution of the cytoskeleton and MAPK p38, respectively, in the ooplasm.
The Emperor’s New Clothes—An Epistemological Critique of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Acupuncture
Authors: Magalhães-Sant’Ana Manuel
Published: April 2019

Within the last few decades, complementary and alternative medicines have gained increased popularity in the veterinary field. Although many authors have exposed the scientific fallacies and historical misconceptions used to justify such therapies, those efforts have not succeeded in detracting veterinary practitioners from embracing them. Notably, Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), including acupuncture, has emerged as one of the main alternatives to conventional veterinary medicine. In this paper, analogical reasoning is used to investigate conceptual, historical and scientific assertions made by the advocates of TCVM. The paper is divided into two parts: The first aims to appraise conceptual and historical claims made by veterinary acupuncturists. I defend that TCVM is a pre-scientific construct, similar to humoral doctrine, and that acupuncture is analogous to bloodletting. The second part is focused on scientific evidence of clinical application of acupuncture in the dog, showing how science is yet to validate veterinary acupuncture and defending that claims of efficacy are due to placebo effect. It is suggested that veterinary acupuncture needs to abandon Traditional Chinese Medicine and embrace science-based medicine tout court. On the other hand, high quality scientific studies, including randomized controlled trials, need to be presented. Veterinary regulators must bring the issue of non-conventional therapies into their agendas.
Development of Transmission Systems for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen Po-Tuan , Pai Ping-Hao , Yang Cheng-Jung , Huang K. David
Published: April 2019

This study investigated the matching designs between a power integration mechanism (PIM) and transmission system for single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicles. The optimal matching design may lead to optimal efficiency and performance in parallel hybrid vehicles. The Simulink/Simscape environment is used to model the powertrain system of parallel hybrid electric vehicles, which the characteristics of the PIM, location of the gearbox at the driveline, and design of the gear ratio of a gearbox influenced. The matching design principles for torque-coupled–type PIM (TC-PIM) parameters and the location of the gearbox are based on the speed range of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine. The parameters of the TC-PIM (i.e., k 1 and k 2 ) are based on the k ratio theory. Numerical simulations of an extra-urban driving cycle and acceleration tests reveal that a higher k r a t i o has greater improved power-assist ability under a pre-transmission architecture. For example, a k r a t i o of 1.6 can improve the power-assist ability by 8.5% when compared with a k r a t i o of 1. By using an appropriate gear ratio and k r a t i o , the top speed of a hybrid electric vehicle is enhanced by 9.3%.