bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing infrastructure resilience: machine learning-based prediction of bridges’ rating factors under autonomous truck platoons
Authors: Elshazli Mohamed T. , Hussein Dina , Bhat Ganapati , Abdel-Rahim Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: April 2024

The operational characteristics of freight shipment will significantly change after the implementation of Autonomous and Connected Trucks (ACT). This change will have a significant impact on freight mobility, transportation safety, and the sustainability of infrastructure. Truck platooning is an emerging truck configuration that is expected to become operational in the future due to the rapid advancements in connected vehicle technology and autonomous driving assistance. The platooning configuration enables trucks to be connected with themselves and the surrounding infrastructure. This arrangement has shown to be a promising solution to improve the vehicles’ fuel efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emission, reduce traffic congestion, and improve transportation service. However, platooning may accelerate the damage accumulation of pavement and bridge structures due to the formation of multiple load axles within each platoon since those structures were not designed for such loads. According to AASHTO, bridges are designed based on a notional live load model comprised of one or two trucks per lane in conjunction with or separate from an applied uniform load (AASHTO, LRFD 2022). This damage, if accumulated, its repair would require billions of dollars from the government and would impede the movement of both people and goods. The potential damage to infrastructure may arise due to various factors such as the number of trucks in a platoon, gap spacing between trucks, and the type of trucks. This research work includes a thorough parametric study with 295,200 computer simulations using SAP 2000. The goal was to evaluate the effect of different truck platooning configurations on the load rating of existing bridges. The obtained results served as the dataset for training various machine learning models, including Random Tree, Random Forest, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Regression (SVR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Results showed that Random Forest model performed the best, with the lowest prediction errors. The proposed machine learning model has shown its effectiveness in identifying optimal platooning configurations for bridge structures within the scope of the study.

Graphical Abstract
“I’m Doing Something Fun…”: Primary School Pupils’ Perceptions of Physically Active Lessons
Authors: Quarmby Thomas , Powell Danielle , Daly-Smith Andy
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This article sought to extend the understanding of primary school pupils’ experiences and perceptions of physically active lessons (PAL) compared to traditional classroom lessons.

Method

The study draws from qualitative data captured through nine focus group interviews (utilizing writing, drawing, show and tell, and puppets) with year 5 and year 6 pupils.

Results

Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive procedures. Findings highlight that pupils perceived traditional lessons to be teacher-centered, boring, and sedentary. In contrast, pupils recognized that the teacher became a facilitator of learning in PAL, which created more social interaction and enjoyment.

Conclusion

PAL offers an alternative pedagogical approach to didactic teaching, and pupils demonstrated preference for more fun, engaging, and active lessons.
Scoliotic postural alignment in prepubertal children: somatoscopic analysis of anatomical landmarks and
development of a working model to limit spinal changes
Authors: Constantinescu Mihai , Onu Ilie , Trofin Dan , Talaghir Laurențiu Gabriel , Coja Daniel Mădălin , Iordan Daniel Andrei , Filip Florin , Silişteanu Sînziana-Călina , Vizitiu Elena , Musat Carmina Liana , Hrisca-Eva Oana-Diana
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background. The study aims to perform a somatoscopic analysis on a sample of 100 prepubertal children aged 10-14 years, girls and boys, who are diagnosed with scoliosis. Somato-scopic assessment is one of the most commonly used, therefore we thought that making a way of interpreting the results could be useful to monitor postural attitude in children diagnosed with scoliosis. Identifying the early onset of physical impairment in the spine with somatoscopy can be a key factor in maintaining optimal postural status. This approach may help in achieving a way of working that limits the negative effects of scoliosis on the subjects. Materials and methods. The selection of subjects is based on exclusion and inclusion criteria related to age, comorbidities, therapeutic approach, and other criteria. Also, aspects that accompany the growth and devel-opment process of children in this prepubertal period and factors that may disturb this process are described in detail. Also in this context, we will present basic notions of body posture and eti-opathogenesis of the onset of scoliotic deficiencies in children during this period of growth and development. Somatoscopic analysis is performed in the orthostatic position and is based on the identification of anatomical landmarks of the body concerning body posture. Results. From the total analyzed scoliosis, n = 100, 74% are type „C” scoliosis and only 26% are type „S” and in terms of gender, 59% are girls and 41% boys; type „C1” (Cobb angle <100) scoliosis n = 60, with an angulation < 100 are 43.24% stabilized, therefore type „C1” scoliosis are more likely to be stabilized. „S”-type scoliosis with an angulation < 150 is only 3 cases representing 11.53%, and those with an angulation from < 200 to < 400 are number 23 cases 88.64% which concludes that „S” type scoliosis is more aggressive and more difficult to manage. Conclusions. Our study show that only 13% of the subjects had a regression of the angulation following the kinetotherapy program, therefore the main objective remains to stabilize the scoliosis attitude and limit the effects of this pathology. A regular assessment and somatotopic analysis resulting in a physiotherapy exercises program containing corrective postural postures and postural education is the most beneficial approach to stabilize the postural deficit.
Pilot study on urinary incontinence rehabilitation using non-invasive methods
Authors: Costescu Elena , Păduraru Oana , Păduraru Călin Ștefan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Urinary incontinence affects up to a quarter of the female population at an active age of over 40 years old. The rate increases by 40% for females over 60 years old. Medical rehabili-tation regarding stress, urge or mixed geriatric urinary incontinence pathologies by using physical, non-invasive methods is poorly reported in literature, even though the obtained results are quan-tifiable, consistent, durable through continuous and periodic exercise. The objectives of rehabili-tation of stress urinary incontinence, urge incontinence and mixed stress and urge urinary incon-tinence are the conscious toning of muscles of the pelvic floor, patient’s awareness of contractions thereof, and the improvement of these patients’ quality of life. Toning the muscles of the pelvic floor is essential in stress urinary incontinence whereas in urge incontinence it may increase urination control. Physical exercises increase the muscle tonus of the pubococcygeus muscles surrounding the vagina and the anus, and whose contraction may stop the evacuated quantity of urine, faeces and gases. The first-line treatment is the Kegel perineal reeducation, with a preventive and cura-tive role in the treatment of urinary incontinence, also during the first and second stage of genital pro-lapse. Reeducation, supervision, guidance, relaxation, and exercise are essential elements in the reduction of urinary incontinence or prolapse in nascent stages. In literature and in practice there are several approaches to pelvic rehabilitation: some are minimally invasive, while others are non-invasive. In the current investigation, a group of elderly patients with stress, neurological or/and mixed urinary incontinence—which was linked to a mild genital prolapse in the female patients—were treated with four minimally invasive and non-invasive techniques. Associated comorbidities were type II diabetes (ADO treated) and a previous ischemic stroke in antecedents. Kegel exercises will be supplemented by transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation. Electrical neurostimulation also brings non painful electrical stimulation thus producing the contraction of the external sphincter muscle of urethra and the levator ani muscle inducing the inhibition of the detrusor mus-cle and of the contraction of the urinary bladder. After a 3-4 week training, subjec-tive improvements and the spacing out of urinations to 3-4 hours are registered. The continuation of treatment up to 2 months (60 days) additionaly improves patients’ functional status, thus sub-stantiating and stabilizing the obtained results over time. Positive outcomes were attained, as the patient was able to effectively complete the pelvic rehabilitation course of action. Urinary losses could be completely eliminated and the number of nighttime bath-room visits was lowered to the recommended physiological threshold (one awakening per night).Keywords: prepuberty, posture abnormalities, scoliosis, somatoscopy, physiotherapeutic assessment
Low back pain- Algorithm of diagnosis and management
Authors: Chicu Mihaiela , Matran-Dan Madalina Ioana , Esanu Irina , Mihailov Liliana , Onofrei Bianca Andreea
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Low back pain is a frequent condition, associated as a symptom with a multitude of organic or non-organic pathologies, resulting in the appearance of disability gener-ating negative economic and soc-professional consequences. Being a relatively common symptom among patients, we created this paper with the aim to high-light the importance of the clinical examination along with the correct direction of the patient to a profile depart-ment, the review of differential diagnoses, as well as the establishment of a particular recovery plan adapted to each case.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed a series of recent articles using the PubMed and the Cochrane Library data-bases ,using the keywords words “low back pain” and “rehabilitation”, to obtain data on the clinical and paraclinical examination, positive and differential diagnosis of chronic low back pain, as well as on rehabilitation management.
Results: Low back pain may appear due to vertebral conditions (inflammatory, infectious, trau-matic, neoplastic, degenerative, metabolic), or due to extravertebral causes. Along with the an-amnesis, clinical examination and im-agistic investigations, we establish the positive diagnosis and create an individualised rehabilitation plan. The reha-bilitation protocol is divided into stages , the final goal is to minimize the ischemia-pain-contracture chain.
Conclusion: The pathology of the lumbosacral spine can be characterized by the word "diversity", being one of the causes of early disability of the population in the field of work. Our work highlights the importance of the clinical and paraclinical examination in outlining the differential diagnosis of chronic lumbar pain, as well as the role of the multidisciplinary team in complex individualized rehabilitation treatment.
Heart rate variability and anthropometric parameters in smok-er’s vs nonsmoker’s status
Authors: Matei Daniela-Viorelia , Luca Catalina , Trofin Dan , Fuior Robert , Onu Ilie , Onita Cristiana , Datcu Madalina , Hrisca-Eva Oana-Diana
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a simple way to explore autonomic nervous activity. Current studies emphasize the need to identify a dependent relationship between smoking habit and HRV. The findings of these studies could demonstrate that smoking can have both an acute and a chronic effect on HRV. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between smoking and anthropometric data such as body weight, body fat distribution and heart rate var-iability. Our study involves measuring HRV parameters at rest and during two tests that are part of the Ewing test battery. Through the obtained data we can demonstrate that active smoking is associated with a reduction in HRV. At the same time, we can state that HRV is affected by dif-ferent behavior patterns of the smoker.complex individualized rehabilitation treatment.
Current aspects and future perspectives on polysomnography. Applicability in rehabilitation patients diagnosed with sleep related breathing disorders -A narrative review
Authors: Mureșan Raluca-Cosmina , Vulturar Damiana-Maria , Moacă Liviu-Ștefan , Leșan Andrei , Maierean Anca-Diana , Gergely-Domokos-Hancu Bianca , Dogaru Gabriela , Trofor Antigona-Carmen , Cernomaz Tudor-Andrei , Frățilă Adrian Lucian , Todea Doina Adina
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background: Polysomnography is continually advancing technically, with its applica-bility expanding across various fields. This narrative review aims to highlight its recent develop-ments, current applications, and future perspectives from a clinical point of view. Methods: Relevant articles written in English published from 2015 to 2024 were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Polysomnography remains the gold standard test in sleep disorders but in certain categories of patients it is not very accesible. Some of the home sleep tests (HSAT) perform closely to PSG testing. Identifying REM movement disorders early is important because it is a predictor factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI) cаn be used for diаgnosis by integrаting АI in weаrаble devices for remote monitoring, using it for fаster аnd а more аccurаte scoring, аs well аs using it to offer рersonаlized treаtment for eаch individuаl. Polysomnography can play a pivotal role in diagnosing sleep related breathing disorders in reha-bilitation patients to offer treatment, help in the improvement of sleep quality and consequently, offer better rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusions: Polysomnography opens up numerous possi-bilities for investigating sleep disorders, providing a comprehensive understanding of an indi-vidual's sleep health, and improving the management of sleep-related disorders
Assessing the Benefits of Lifestyle Influences on Cardiovascu-lar Health After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Rus Marius , Stanis Claudia Elena , Marian Paula , Pobirci Lilliana Oana , Banszki Loredana Ioana , Huplea Veronica , Osiceanu Gheorghe Adrian , Pop Bianca-Maria , Dogaru Gabriela , Andronie-Cioara Felicia Liana
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The objective of our study was to explore the potential benefits of combining moderate alcohol consumption with regular vigorous physical activity on HDL-cholesterol levels and its potential positive impact on cardiovascular health. Materials and methods: The study comprised two groups: group A (102 patients) that consumed 10 grams of alcohol per day, specifically red wine, and increased their exercise levels in addition to their standard medical treatment, and group B (108 patients) which adhered only to their standard medical treatment. The patients were monitored for a year, during which various clinical parameters were observed. Results: Our study showed that moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine, along with increased physical activity levels, were associated with enhancements in exercise tolerance and elevated levels of HDL-cholesterol. Our findings suggest the efficacy of the intervention in improving lipid profiles, with the group that consumed alcohol as part of their treatment scheme, generally experiencing more pronounced positive effects. Statistically significant differences between groups in terms of angina evolution, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) recurrence, or arrhythmias evolution were not found. However, there were important differences in terms of ejection fraction (EF) im-provement and quality of life, with the alcohol consuming group displaying greater improvements in both aspects. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study emphasizes the potential benefits of com-bining moderate alcohol consumption, specifically red wine, with increased physical activity levels for improving exercise tolerance and enhancing HDL-cholesterol levels. However, further research and clinical trials are essential to fully understand the mechanisms and optimize the integration of these lifestyle elements for improved cardiovascular health outcomes.
Age-related trends in colorectal cancer diagnosis: focus on
evaluation of prehabilitation and rehabilitation programs
Authors: Ciumărnean Lorena , Bancoș Mădălina Daiana , Orășan Olga-Hilda , Milaciu Mircea Vasile , Alexescu Teodora , Vlad Călin-Vasile , Para Ioana , Hirișcău Elisabeta Ioana , Dogaru Gabriela
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The increase in the prevalence of both colon and rectal cancer in recent years poses challenges for the medical system in terms of patient management and indirectly incurs significant financial burdens. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to track the changes in the prevalance of the colon and rectal cancer at a tertiary clinic in Romania over time and to identify complementary methods to improve the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients. Material and methods: We conducted an observational, longitudinal, population-based study, including all patients newly diagnosed with colon or rectal neoplasia within the time frame from 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2024 in a tertiary medical clinic in Romania. For each case included in the study, we gathered demographic data (age at the time of cancer diagnosis, gender, place of origin), location of the tumor, duration until surgical intervention, alternative treatment methods employed (such as ra-diation or chemotherapy, and immunotherapy), and the length of survival. We also assess the feasiblity of physical prehabilitation and rehabilitation programs for inpatients diagnosed with malignant neoplasms of the colon or rectum. Results: The study found significant differences in patient ages and the execution of prehabilitation and rehabilitation practices between those ad-mitted for colon and rectal cancer during the periods 2013-2018 and 2019-2023, with a notable shift in the prevalence of colon versus rectal cancer over these periods. Conclusions: Prehabilitation and rehabilitation practices for colorectal cancer patients are underdocumented or suboptimal, with recent improvements in documentation, especially for rectal cancer due to colostomy needs, and an observed increase in patient age due to COVID-19 pandemic protocols. Additional research and the development of standardized protocols are needed.
Exploring the Role of Digital Dental Previsualization within the context of Rehabilitation Dentistry
Authors: Tăut Manuela , Marcu Patricia , Ilieși Corina , Chisnoiu Andrea , Negucioiu Marius , Mesaroș Anca , Buduru Smaranda , Kui Andreea
Published: April 2024

Abstract: As part of creating a beautiful smile, aesthetic dental rehabilitation plays an important role. Regarding aesthetic analy-sis in the context of oral rehabilitation and treatment predictability, Digital Smile Design (DSD), mainly through plat-forms like SmileCloud®, provides invaluable resources. Our prospective study aimed to examine the relationship be-tween the clinical experience of dental practitioners and their proficiency in using DSD (SmileCloud). Additionally, the study assessed the association between previsualization scores and the category of respondents in terms of their connec-tion to the field of dentistry (laypeople, dental students, and dentists). The study included 11 subjects for whom three different dental practitioners (a 2nd and a 6th-year dental student and a 2nd-year resident doctor in Prosthodontics) created a DSD using SmileCloud. The DSDs were evaluated in an online survey regarding tooth colour, shape, and over-all smile appearance. A number of 220 responses have been collected from 48 dentists, 86 dental students and 86 lay-people. The DSD created by the 2nd year resident doctor in Prosthodontics has received significantly higher scores for tooth shape and overall smile appearance (p<0.05), as well as for the design (p<0.05) and design*respondent (p<0.05) variables. The practitioner’s clinical experience considerably impacted aesthetic dental rehabilitation tools, which means there is always a learning curve involved.
Electronic Microscopy aspects of experimentally induced
chronic arthritis
Authors: Chicu Mihaiela , Donica Alexandra Lori , Onofrei Bianca Andreea , Matran-Dan Madalina Ioana
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic diseases are responsible for about 38 million deaths annually and represent about 70% of all deaths worldwide. Among these, rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory rheumatic dis-ease, representing about 10% of all such disorders. Its incidence is approximately 1% of the general popula-tion.
Material and method: our study aims to create an experimental model of chronic arthritis on Wistar rats, fe-male sex, to follow the dynamics of joint inflammatory phenomena, the effects of Leflunomide in their evolu-tion and the side effects at cardiac, hepatic and renal level.
Discussions: The group of young experimental animals developed more extensive inflammatory phenomena compared to the group of adult animals. Leflunomide did not significantly improve the evolution and resolu-tion of inflammatory phenomena in either group.
Conclusions: We showed for the first time in the world the effects of Leflunomide on the heart, with the occur-rence of myocardial necrosis ( myocardial infarction) as its main adverse effect.
The importance of advanced technologies in functional
rehabilitation of the hand
Authors: Jimbu Diana , Cristea Adelina-Elena , Iliescu Dan-Marcel , Oprea Doinița , Iliescu Mădălina Gabriela , Caraban Bogdan-Marian , Bordei Petru
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This systematic review examines groundbreaking advancements in hand rehabilitation, driven by significant progress in medical technology. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the review surveyed articles from various databases, emphasizing the utilization of advanced technologies for hand rehabilitation across diverse conditions such as fractures, burns, amputations, and postoperative care. Out of the 1562 studies analyzed, ten articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Key technologies like IMES (Implantable Myoelectric Sensor) technology are scrutinized for their potential to transform prosthetic control, providing intuitive functionality and substantial physiological hand function for individuals with limb loss. Similarly, advancements in orthotic devices like the VacoHand Orthosis are showcased for their improvements in stabilizing and aiding the healing process in wrist immobilization and rehabilitation. The integration of virtual reality (VR) emerges as a pivotal convergence point, offering supplementary therapy to enhance direction-specific improvements in wrist and forearm mobility, hand function, and work-related tasks. Additional advantages include program customization, heightened engagement through interactive approaches, and improved functional outcomes such as hand strength and range of motion. While showcasing transformative potential, the review acknowledges the need for further research through larger sample sizes, standardized methodologies and more in-depth investigations to optimize these technologies. Overall, this review underlines the remarkable advancements achieved in hand rehabilitation through technological innovations, offering hope and improved outcomes for individuals grappling with various hand-related challenges.
Gender differences of heart rate variability in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Matei Daniela , Grigoras Carmen , Trofin Dan , Constantinescu Victor , Ignat Bogdan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a parameter useful in monitoring post stroke cardiac dysautonomia. Our study is aimed at investigating HRV modifications in patients with stroke; (2) Methods: We investigated HRV parameters in 35 men and 35 women with stroke, data compared to 70 age and sex similar healthy subjects. We collected and interpreted HRV data related to resting state, deep breathing, and standing situations; (3) Results: The variables identified by classification methods to be discriminative in stroke groups for men and women classes are VLFms2, LFms2, LFnu, HFnu, and ApEn in resting state conditions, mean RR, HR, pNN50, VLFms2, LFnu, HFnu, ApEn and SampEn in deep breathing conditions, and mean RR, HR, HFnu, ApEn, and DFA1 in standing conditions; (4) Conclusions: Monitoring of HRV in patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke is essential, as it is known that stoke contributes to an increased risk of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and consequently to a second unwanted vascular event.
Retrospective study of lumbar disc herniation in a hospital in
North-Eastern Romania
Authors: Duceac (Covrig) Madalina , Gutu Cristian , Eva Lucian , Dabija Marius Gabriel , Calin Gabriela , Duceac Letitia Doina , Ciupilan Corina , Voinescu Doina Carina
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation is a degenerative neurological disorder characterized by a notable rise in incidence and prevalence among the population in modern times. It is primarily caused by factors such as microtrauma, sedentary lifestyle, prolonged static postures, excessive time spent at the computer, and overexertion. Materials and methods: A study was conducted retrospectively from 2022 to 2023 on patients who were admitted with lumbar disc herniation, at the Neurosurgery Hospital "Prof. N. Oblu”, in Iași.The research focused on showcasing the aspects of disc issues/pathology in the North Eastern re-gion.Findings; The research included 1969 individuals with a majority noted among par-ticipants, from rural areas and females.The majority of patients fell into the adult age range of 41 60 years. Surgical procedures were performed on 71% of the patients while conservative treatment was administered to the remaining 29%.The distribution of ages shows that most individuals undergoing surgery or receiving conservative treatment fall, within the adult age range of 41 to 60 years. Surgery is performed on 71% of patients while conservative treatment is given in 29% of cases.All patients were advised to undergo follow up remedial therapy upon discharge. We faced challenges in evaluating the level of adherence which posed a limitation in our study.Conclusions: The study brings to the forefront the need for reparative therapy for patient’s socio-professional and family reinte-gration and improvement of quality of life.
Patient recovery after Lisfranc injury
Authors: Mucileanu Cezar , Agapi Andrei , Turnea Marius , Rotariu Mariana , Condurache Iustina
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Lisfranc joint injuries occur most frequently following road accidents, but also in military personnel, athletes, horse riders, football players and contact sports participants. Lisfranc injuries occur as a result of direct (crushing the leg by a blunt object) or indirect (twisting the leg) forces acting on the forefoot. Approximately 20% of Lisfranc injuries go unnoticed or are diagnosed late, especially low-energy injuries or purely ligamentous injuries. Severe sequelae such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis and foot deformities can create serious disability.
The paper presents a 19-year-old male patient, diagnosed with a Lisfranc type lesion in the left leg. The patient was functionally assessed postoperatively, during and at the end of the recovery program. During the recovery program, a good progress and evolution of the patient could be observed. Thus, the patient followed the kinetic program initially established by the physical therapist, and it was also possible to observe the increase in joint mobility, stability and muscle strength.
The physical therapy program designed must be preceded by an appropriate assessment and must include techniques adapted to the patient's abilities. An essential condition is a good collaboration between the patient-physiotherapist-orthopedic surgeon, so that complications and relapses can be avoided.
Non-pharmacological approaches to obesity – a concise review
Authors: Confederat Luminita-Georgeta , Mihailov Liliana , Rotariu Mariana , Condurache Iustina
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Obesity has become a major public health problem due to its alarming increase in prevalence in recent years, both in children and adults. This medical condition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rate, being the main risk factor for chronic diseases as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. Considering the fact that obesity is a multifactorial determined disease involving genetic, biological, behavioral and psychological factors, the approach to obesity should be performed in a multidisciplinary team. The management of obesity is complex and it includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological and, sometimes, surgical interventions. Nutrition interventions for obesity are focused not only on weight loss but also on long-term maintenance of the body weight achieved, including caloric restriction, macronutrient-based interventions, diatery fiber, meal replacements and intermittent fasting. For people living with obesity, the medical nutrition therapy shloud be in accordance with their individual values, preferences and treatment goals, in order to be maintained long term. In addition to diet, physical activity plays an important role in human health, contributing to the prevention of obesity and being part of its management, reducing metabolic risk factors and improving general condition.
Actual data regarding the impact of viral respiratory co-infection (Covid 19 and flu/ Respiratory Syncutial Virus RSV) - A systematic review
Authors: Robu Alina-Maria , Onose Gelu , Ulinici Maria-Teodora , Rață Andrei , Bălănescu Anca , Comănici Valentina Daniela , Ciomârtan Tatiana , Codreanu Ioana Florentina
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection alongside with influenza and RSV, the major viral agents in pediatric disordes, may be an important concern to the healthcare system. Clinical outcomes of the interaction are unknown. The aim of this systematic review is to contribute at establishing the prevalence of the co-infection, its clinical outcomes and potential risk factors. Methods. A systematical literature search was performed for papers published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Pedro and Cochrane Library, from January 2020 - the beginning of the COVID 19 pandemic - to June 2023. Our review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they approached the co-infection COVID 19 and influenza or RSV, and were available in English. Due to the fact that studies conducted on pediatric population are scarce, we included patients of all ages. Results. Out of 159 articles found, 12 were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence of co-infection was between 5% and 12 % for influenza viruses and 10% for RSV. The most common symptoms were high-grade fever, cough, headache, and shortness of breath and the most frequent complications were pneumonia and respir-atory distress. In terms of laboratory findings, co-infected patients presented with signifi-cant lymphopenia and pronounced inflammatory response, as well as a progressive ten-dency towards pneumonia and respiratory distress. Regarding the clinical outcomes of co-infection, the majority of articles indicated that simultaneous infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza predisposes to a more severe course of the disease(s), with a longer length of hospital stay and an increased risk of death.Conclusion. Our study underlines that the frequency of such co-infections, although not very high, predisposes to more frequent hos-pitalisations and a longer length of stay, complications including admission to intensive care and more severe outcomes, including life-threatening events. It is therefore essential to determine the epidemiological impact of such an interaction nowadays, in order to in-form and adjust treatment and control and prevention strategies, for limiting co-infection between major respiratory viruses. Due to the lack of studies on children, we were unable to identify specific features of co-infections in this population. Therefore, more studies are needed to evaluate the paediatric population and consequently, our doctoral research en-deavour is warranted.
Entre la tradición castellana y el lesbianismo queer: amor y erotismo en la poesía de Ana María Martínez Sagi
Authors: Cotarelo Lucía
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Love, corporality, and eroticism, oscillating in their ethical and aesthetic configuration between tradition and modernity, are present throughout the seven decades of poetic production of the Catalan poet Ana María Martínez Sagi (1907–2000). It is so in her pre-war work, Caminos (1929) and Inquietud (1932) and, more prominently, in her work of exile and return to the homeland, on which this paper focuses on. Although Sagi's love poetry demonstrates her complex and contradictory debt to both the Castilian love tradition and modern poetics, it is through her approach to eroticism, the corporality and the subject's identity from where she definitively distances herself from them. She approaches heterodox spaces that destabilize that normative framework in which the critics of her time placed her. In her aesthetics, in her heritage, and worldview, Sagi demonstrates great modernity and relevance as a renovator, since the 1930s, of an alternative intimacy: profoundly queer.
Broadband nonlinear conversion and random quasi-phase-matching in transparent glass composite
Authors: Cao Jinwei , Lun Yipeng , Huang Xingzhao , Li Siyun , Lu Rongtai , Zhang Meihui , Lu Xu , Sun M. , Yu Huakang , Qian Q.
Published: April 2024

With the development of laser technology, nonlinear optics plays a crucial role in frequency conversion. However, the generation of second harmonics in nonlinear optical crystals is generally subject to rigorous phase-matching conditions that hinder the performance of broadband tunability. It is believed that introducing disorders in nonlinear optical materials is helpful to overcome this obstacle. In this work, we have prepared a nonlinear microcrystal-doped glass (NMG) composite material, allowing for tunable and polarization-independent nonlinear conversion from visible to near-infrared. The linear dependence of SHG intensity versus sample thickness indicated the facilitation of random quasi-phase matching by using the NMG. Our results provide a more stable and promising platform for disordered nonlinear photonic materials and suggest the possibility of more efficient nonlinear conversions using the NMG composite glass fibers in future.
Stitching interferometry using alternating calibration of positioning and systematic errors
Authors: Zong Yi , Yu Caiyun , Liu Weijian , Liu Yixuan , Zhong Yongshen , Huang Huitong , Duan Mingliang , Li Jianxin
Published: April 2024

Stitching interferometry is an essential technique for the non-contact, high-precision measurement of large apertures or complex optical surfaces. However, the accuracy of full-aperture surface reconstruction is significantly compromised by subaperture positioning and systematic errors. To address this challenge, this study introduces a novel stitching interferometry method utilizing alternating calibration of positioning and systematic errors (SIAC). This method calibrates one type of error while maintaining the other constant, and alternates between these processes to effectively decouple the two errors, facilitating accurate phase stitching. Within this calibration framework, an iterative weighted phase stitching model employing vertical projection for estimating overlapping areas was developed to calibrate positioning errors. Additionally, the rotation measurements of a single subaperture, in conjunction with a global fitting approach, were employed to correct reference errors. Numerical simulations have confirmed the efficacy of SIAC in calibrating these errors. Moreover, experimental measurements were performed on both a plane mirror and gullwing aspheres, with the resulting stitched full-aperture phase distributions and cross-testing outcomes affirming the method's accuracy and practicality. This research provides a novel solution for stitching interferometry, enhancing the precision of optical surface measurements.
Bias-drift insensitive full-field frequency response characterization of a thin-film lithium niobate-based intensity modulator
Authors: Li Xiaobao , Wu RuiTao , Li Jilong , Tan Heyun , Xiang Meng , Fu Songnian , Cai Xinlun , Qin YuWen
Published: April 2024

We propose a rapid and precise scheme for characterizing the full-field frequency response of a thin-film lithium niobate-based intensity modulator (TFLN-IM) via a specially designed multi-tone microwave signal. Our proposed scheme remains insensitive to the bias-drift of IM. Experimental verification is implemented with a self-packaged TFLN-IM with a 3 dB bandwidth of 30 GHz. In comparison with the vector network analyzer (VNA) characterization results, the deviation values of the amplitude-frequency response (AFR) and phase-frequency response (PFR) within the 50 GHz bandwidth are below 0.3 dB and 0.15 rad, respectively. When the bias is drifted within 90% of the
V

π

range, the deviation fluctuation values of AFR and PFR are less than 0.3 dB and 0.05 rad, respectively. With the help of the full-field response results, we can pre-compensate the TFLN-IM for the 64 Gbaud PAM-4 signals under the back-to-back (B2B) transmission, achieving a received optical power (ROP) gain of 2.3 dB. The versatility of our proposed full-field response characterization scheme can extend to various optical transceivers, offering the advantage of low cost, robust operation, and flexible implementation.
1.7 W holmium-doped fluoroindate fiber laser at 3920 nm
Authors: Boilard Tommy , Fortin Vincent , Lemieux-Tanguay Maxime , Paradis Pascal , Du Teilleul Paul , Carrée Jean-Yves , Vallée Réal , Bernier Martin
Published: April 2024

A monolithic fiber laser emitting 1.7 W at 3920 nm is experimentally demonstrated in a Ho3+:InF3 fiber. The cavity comprises a pair of highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings written in the active fiber with the femtosecond phase-mask scanning technique and is spliced to the pump diode with a robust silica-to-fluoride fiber splice. This work is an important step toward high-power all-fiber laser operating in the vicinity of 4 µm.
Highly stable power control for chip-based continuous-variable quantum key distribution system
Authors: Bian Yiming , Li Yang , Xu Xuesong , Zhang Tao , Pan Yan , Huang Wei , Yu Song , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yichen , Xu Bingjie
Published: April 2024

Quantum key distribution allows secret key generation with information theoretical security. It can be realized with photonic integrated circuits to benefit the tiny footprints and the large-scale manufacturing capacity. Continuous-variable quantum key distribution is suitable for chip-based integration due to its compatibility with mature optical communication devices. However, the quantum signal power control compatible with the mature photonic integration process faces difficulties on stability, which limits the system performance and causes the overestimation of a secret key rate that opens practical security loopholes. Here, a highly stable chip-based quantum signal power control scheme based on a biased Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure is proposed, theoretically analyzed, and experimentally implemented with standard silicon photonic techniques. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the system stability, where the standard deviation of the secret key rate is suppressed by an order of magnitude compared with the system using traditional designs, showing a promising and practicable way to realize a highly stable continuous-variable quantum key distribution system on chip.
DeepDynaForecast: Phylogenetic-informed graph deep learning for epidemic transmission dynamic prediction
Authors: Sun Chaoyue , Fang Ruogu , Salemi Marco , Prosperi Mattia , Rife Magalis Brittany
Published: April 2024

In the midst of an outbreak or sustained epidemic, reliable prediction of transmission risks and patterns of spread is critical to inform public health programs. Projections of transmission growth or decline among specific risk groups can aid in optimizing interventions, particularly when resources are limited. Phylogenetic trees have been widely used in the detection of transmission chains and high-risk populations. Moreover, tree topology and the incorporation of population parameters (phylodynamics) can be useful in reconstructing the evolutionary dynamics of an epidemic across space and time among individuals. We now demonstrate the utility of phylodynamic trees for transmission modeling and forecasting, developing a phylogeny-based deep learning system, referred to as DeepDynaForecast. Our approach leverages a primal-dual graph learning structure with shortcut multi-layer aggregation, which is suited for the early identification and prediction of transmission dynamics in emerging high-risk groups. We demonstrate the accuracy of DeepDynaForecast using simulated outbreak data and the utility of the learned model using empirical, large-scale data from the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic in Florida between 2012 and 2020. Our framework is available as open-source software (MIT license) at github.com/lab-smile/DeepDynaForcast.
The erosive effect of pomegranate juice on enamel: An in vitro study
Authors: Chen Yue , Wu Zeyu , Sun Peng , Song Jie , Liu Yishan , Zhao Jin
Published: April 2024

Aim

Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the enamel.

Methods

Enamel blocks were randomly divided into three groups: deionized water, cola, and pomegranate juice. The blocks were immersed in the solutions four times a day for 14 days, and stored in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The surface hardness was measured on days 7 and 14. The surface structures of the demineralized blocks were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of demineralization was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels of the three solutions were analyzed.

Results

The microhardness values of the blocks in the pomegranate juice and cola groups decreased with the increase in the demineralization time. The blocks in the pomegranate juice group exhibited large fractures in the enamel column, whereas those in the cola group had pitted enamels with destruction of the interstitial enamel column. Compared with cola group, fluorescent penetration increased in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). The pH of cola (2.32 ± 0.09) was lower than that of pomegranate juice (3.16 ± 0.16). Furthermore, the calcium content in pomegranate juice was significantly higher than that in cola (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the concentration of phosphorous in cola was significantly higher than that in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that pomegranate juice can cause enamel demineralization with an erosive potential comparable to that of cola.
The spatial and social correlates of neighborhood morphology: Evidence from building footprints in five U.S. metropolitan areas
Authors: Durst Noah J. , Sullivan Esther , Jochem Warren C.
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in quantitative tools for examining urban morphology enable the development of morphometrics that can characterize the size, shape, and placement of buildings; the relationships between them; and their association with broader patterns of development. Although these methods have the potential to provide substantial insight into the ways in which neighborhood morphology shapes the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of neighborhoods and communities, this question is largely unexplored. Using building footprints in five of the ten largest U.S. metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, and Los Angeles) and the open-source R package, foot, we examine how neighborhood morphology differs across U.S. metropolitan areas and across the urban-exurban landscape. Principal components analysis, unsupervised classification (K-means), and Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis are used to develop a morphological typology of neighborhoods and to examine its association with the spatial, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics of census tracts. Our findings illustrate substantial variation in the morphology of neighborhoods, both across the five metropolitan areas as well as between central cities, suburbs, and the urban fringe within each metropolitan area. We identify five different types of neighborhoods indicative of different stages of development and distributed unevenly across the urban landscape: these include low-density neighborhoods on the urban fringe; mixed use and high-density residential areas in central cities; and uniform residential neighborhoods in suburban cities. Results from regression analysis illustrate that the prevalence of each of these forms is closely associated with variation in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics such as population density, the prevalence of multifamily housing, and income, race/ethnicity, homeownership, and commuting by car. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings and suggesting avenues for future research on neighborhood morphology, including ways that it might provide insight into issues such as zoning and land use, housing policy, and residential segregation.
Soft super-continuity and soft delta-closed graphs
Authors: Abuzaid Dina , Al Ghour Samer , Naghi Monia
Published: April 2024

Introducing a strong form of soft continuity between soft topological spaces is significant because it can contribute to our growing understanding of soft topological spaces and their features, provide a basis for creating new mathematical tools and methods, and have significant applications in various fields. In this paper, we define soft super-continuity as a new form of soft mapping. We present various characterizations of this soft concept. Also, we show that soft super-continuity lies strictly between soft continuity and soft complete continuity and that soft super-continuity is a strong form of soft δ-continuity. In addition, we give some sufficient conditions for the equivalence between soft super-continuity and other related concepts. Moreover, we characterize soft semi-regularity in terms of super-continuity. Furthermore, we provide several results of soft composition, restrictions, preservation, and products by soft super-continuity. In addition to these, we study the relationship between soft super-continuity and soft δ-continuity with their analogous notions in general topology. Finally, we give several sufficient conditions on a soft mapping to have a soft δ-closed graph.