bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praktiken der Unterrichtswahrnehmung hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit anthropomorphen und teleologischen Schülervorstellungen im Evolutionsunterricht
Authors: Steinwachs Jens , Martens Helge
Published: June 2023

Im komplexen Unterrichtsgeschehen sollten Lehrer*innen Situationen erkennen und verstehen, in denen ein Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen bedeutsam ist. Zu der Frage, wie die Relation von Schülervorstellungen und fachlichen Normen im Unterricht bearbeitet werden soll, existieren in der Biologiedidaktik unterschiedliche Positionen. Aus der Perspektive einer strukturtheoretischen Professionstheorie lässt sich diese Relation als Sachantinomie beschreiben, deren angemessene Bearbeitung eine professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung voraussetzt. In dieser rekonstruktiven Studie wird die Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Studierenden, Referendar*innen und Lehrpersonen mit dem Unterrichtsfach Biologie erforscht, indem die soziale Praktik des Sprechens über den Umgang mit anthropomorphen und teleologischen Schülervorstellungen im Evolutionsunterricht untersucht wird. Zur Datenerhebung wurde eine Videovignette als Impuls für 31 Gruppendiskussionen und 9 separate Einzelinterviews mit insgesamt 115 angehenden und berufstätigen Biologielehrpersonen eingesetzt. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt mit der Dokumentarischen Methode, da diese auf die Analyse sozialer Praktiken ausgerichtet ist. Von den 40 Fällen wurden 15 Fälle vollständig interpretiert und zur Typenbildung herangezogen. Die Analysen zeigen, dass in allen Fällen über das Verhältnis von Vermittlung und Aneignung fachlicher Normen sowie von Schülervorstellungen und fachlichen Normen im Modus einer Bewertung gesprochen wird: Die angehenden und berufstätigen Lehrpersonen bewerten sowohl das Handeln der Lehrperson bei der Vermittlung als auch die Aneignung der Schüler*innen. Die vier rekonstruierten Typen unterscheiden sich u. a. darin, welche Bedeutung Schülervorstellungen zugeschrieben wird. Die Vorstellungen der Schüler*innen werden als Indikatoren von Fachwissenslücken, als falsches Wissen, als unzureichendes Wissen oder als ein koexistierendes Erfahrungswissen konstruiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie werden exemplarisch in Beziehung zu fachdidaktischen sowie professionstheoretischen Normen gesetzt, um Herausforderungen für die Lehrer*innenbildung zu diskutieren.
The Role of Hedonic Goal Pursuit in Self-Control and Self-Regulation: Is Pleasure the Problem or Part of the Solution?
Authors: Becker Daniela , Bernecker Katharina
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the role of hedonic goal pursuit in self-control and self-regulation. We argue that not all pursuit of immediate pleasure is problematic and that successful hedonic goal pursuit can be beneficial for long-term goal pursuit and for achieving positive self-regulatory outcomes, such as health and well-being. The following two key questions for future research are discussed: How can people’s positive affective experiences during hedonic goal pursuit be enhanced, and how exactly do those affective experiences contribute to self-regulatory outcomes? We also call for an intercultural perspective linking hedonic goal pursuit to self-regulatory outcomes at different levels. We suggest that understanding the cognitive, motivational, and affective mechanisms at play can help individuals reap the benefits of successful hedonic goal pursuit. Considering those potential benefits, hedonic goal pursuit should be studied more systematically. To achieve this, we argue for a stronger integration of affective science and self-control research.
Biochar application to temperate grasslands: challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services
Authors: Brown Robert W. , Chadwick David R. , Bott Tom , West Helen M. , Wilson Paul , Hodgins Genevieve R. , Snape Colin E. , Jones Davey L.
Published: June 2023

Grasslands (natural, semi-natural and improved) occupy approximately one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for global ecosystem service provision, storing up to 30% of soil organic carbon (SOC). To date, most research on soil carbon (C) sequestration has focused on croplands where the levels of native soil organic matter (SOM) are typically low and significant potential exists to replenish SOM stocks. However, with the renewed push to achieve “net zero” C emissions by 2050, grasslands may offer an additional C store, utilising tools such as biochar. Here, we critically evaluate the potential for biochar as a technology for increasing grassland C stocks, identifying a number of practical, economic, social and legislative challenges that need to be addressed before the widescale adoption of biochar may be achieved. We critically assess the current knowledge within the field of grassland biochar research in the context of ecosystem service provision and provide opinions on the applicability of biochar as an amendment to different types of grassland (improved, semi-improved and unimproved) and the potential effect on ecosystem provision using a range of application techniques in the topsoil and subsoil. We concluded that the key question remains, is it possible for managed grasslands to store more C, without causing a loss in additional ecosystem services? To address this question future research must take a more multidisciplinary and holistic approach when evaluating the potential role of biochar at sequestering C in grasslands to mitigate climate change.

Graphical Abstract
Backward Pattern Matching on Elastic-Degenerate Strings
Authors: Procházka Petr , Cvacho Ondřej , Krčál Luboš , Holub Jan
Published: June 2023

The concept of elastic-degenerate strings (EDS) was introduced as a way of representing a sequenced population of the same species. Several online elastic-degenerate string matching (EDSM) algorithms were presented so far. Some of them provide a practical implementation. We propose a new on-line EDSM algorithm . Our algorithm combines two traditional algorithms and that were adapted to the specificities needed by Elastic-Degenerate Strings. is running in $${\mathcal {O}}(Nm\lceil \frac{m}{w}\rceil )$$

O
(
N
m

⌈

m
w

⌉

)

worst-case time. This implies $${\mathcal {O}}(Nm)$$

O
(
N
m
)

time for small patterns, where m is the length of the searched pattern, N is the size of EDS, and w is the size of the computer word. The algorithm uses $${\mathcal {O}}(N + n)$$

O
(
N
+
n
)

space, where n is the length of EDS. requires a simple preprocessing step with time and space $${\mathcal {O}}(m)$$

O
(
m
)

. We further present an extended version of the algorithm called , which allows searching for proteins (amino acid sequences) encoded in DNA EDS. Though considers more complex patterns than , it keeps its time and space efficiency. Experimental results on real genomic data show the superiority of over state-of-the-art algorithms. We also experimentally evaluate the efficiency of for different pattern complexities, and evaluate the scaling of both and with varying attributes of EDS datasets.
Exploring the precision redox map during fasting-refeeding and satiation in C. elegans
Authors: Qiao Xinhua , Kang Lu , Shi Chang , Ye Aojun , Wu Dongli , Huang Yuyunfei , Deng Minghao , Wang Jiarui , Zhao Yuzheng , Chen Chang
Published: June 2023

Fasting is a popular dietary strategy because it grants numerous advantages, and redox regulation is one mechanism involved. However, the precise redox changes with respect to the redox species, organelles and tissues remain unclear, which hinders the understanding of the metabolic mechanism, and exploring the precision redox map under various dietary statuses is of great significance. Twelve redox-sensitive C. elegans strains stably expressing genetically encoded redox fluorescent probes (Hyperion sensing H2O2 and Grx1-roGFP2 sensing GSH/GSSG) in three organelles (cytoplasm, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)) were constructed in two tissues (body wall muscle and neurons) and were confirmed to respond to redox challenge. The H2O2 and GSSG/GSH redox changes in two tissues and three organelles were obtained by confocal microscopy during fasting, refeeding, and satiation. We found that under fasting condition, H2O2 decreased in most compartments, except for an increase in mitochondria, while GSSG/GSH increased in the cytoplasm of body muscle and the ER of neurons. After refeeding, the redox changes in H2O2 and GSSG/GSH caused by fasting were reversed in most organelles of the body wall muscle and neurons. In the satiated state, H2O2 increased markedly in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and ER of muscle and the ER of neurons, while GSSG/GSH exhibited no change in most organelles of the two tissues except for an increase in the ER of muscle. Our study systematically and precisely presents the redox characteristics under different dietary states in living animals and provides a basis for further investigating the redox mechanism in metabolism and optimizing dietary guidance.
Image-based and risk-informed detection of Subsea Pipeline damage
Authors: Spahić Rialda , Poolla Kameshwar , Hepsø Vidar , Lundteigen Mary Ann
Published: June 2023

As one of the most important assets in the transportation of oil and gas products, subsea pipelines are susceptible to various environmental hazards, such as mechanical damage and corrosion, that can compromise their structural integrity and cause catastrophic environmental and financial damage. Autonomous underwater systems (AUS) are expected to assist offshore operations personnel and contribute to subsea pipeline inspection, maintenance, and damage detection tasks. Despite the promise of increased safety, AUS technology needs to mature, especially for image-based inspections with computer vision methods that analyze incoming images and detect potential pipeline damage through anomaly detection. Recent research addresses some of the most significant computer vision challenges for subsea environments, including visibility, color, and shape reconstruction. However, despite the high quality of subsea images, the lack of training data for reliable image analysis and the difficulty of incorporating risk-based knowledge into existing approaches continue to be significant obstacles. In this paper, we analyze industry-provided images of subsea pipelines and propose a methodology to address the challenges faced by popular computer vision methods. We focus on the difficulty posed by a lack of training data and the opportunities of creating synthetic data using risk analysis insights. We gather information on subsea pipeline anomalies, evaluate the general computer vision approaches, and generate synthetic data to compensate for the challenges that result from lacking training data, and evidence of pipeline damage in data, thereby increasing the likelihood of a more reliable AUS subsea pipeline inspection for damage detection.
The Evolution of Pore Pressure, Stress, and Physical Properties During Sediment Accretion at Subduction Zones
Authors: Nikolinakou M. A. , Flemings P. B. , Gao B. , Saffer D. M.
Published: June 2023

We study stress, pressure, and rock properties in evolving accretionary wedges using analytical formulations and geomechanical models. The evolution of the stress state from that imposed by uniaxial burial seaward of the trench to Coulomb failure within the wedge generates overpressure and drives compaction above the décollement. Changes in both mean and shear stress generate overpressure and shear‐induced pressures play a particularly important role in the trench area. In the transition zone between uniaxial burial and Coulomb failure, shear‐induced overpressures increase more than overburden and are higher than footwall pressures. This rapid increase in overpressure reduces the effective normal stress and weakens the plate interface along a zone that onsets ahead of the trench and persists well into the subduction zone. It also drives dewatering at the trench, which enables compaction of the hanging‐wall sediments and a porosity offset at the décollement. Within the accretionary wedge, sediments are at Coulomb failure and the pore pressure response is proportional to changes in mean stress. Low permeability and high convergence rates promote overpressure generation in the wedge, which limits sediment strength. Our results may provide a hydromechanical explanation for a wide range of observed behaviors, including the development of protothrust zones, widespread occurrence of shallow slow earthquake phenomena, and the propagation of large shallow coseismic slip.
Increasing Global Terrestrial Diurnal Temperature Range for 1980–2021
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Dunn Robert J. H. , Li Laurent Z. X. , McVicar Tim R. , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Zeng Zhenzhong
Published: June 2023

The 2021 IPCC report found that most studies show declining trends for the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) since the 1950s, decreasing mainly during 1960–1980. This issue is revisited here using an up‐to‐date in‐situ data set, Hadley Center Integrated Surface Database, constrained by rigorous station selection conditions. The global observed DTR trend was found to reverse during 1980–2021, increasing significantly at a rate of 0.091 ± 0.008°C decade−1. The trend was dominated by a faster rate of increasing daily maximum air temperature. This increasing observed trend in the past four decades was not fully captured in raw CMIP6 models, as models only partially capture the spatial patterns. With global CMIP6 outputs and regionally‐available observations, the global land DTR was then estimated, through emergent constraints, to be 0.063 ± 0.012°C decade−1. The study raises concern for risks of increasing DTR globally and provides new insights into global DTR assessment.
AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in hippocampus reveals the pathogenesis of depression in four stress-induced models
Authors: Li Xuemei , Teng Teng , Yan Wei , Fan Li , Liu Xueer , Clarke Gerard , Zhu Dan , Jiang Yuanliang , Xiang Yajie , Yu Ying , Zhang Yuqing , Yin Bangmin , Lu Lin , Zhou Xinyu , Xie Peng
Published: June 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder. The pathogenesis of MDD remained unclear, and it may be associated with exposure to different stressors. Most previous studies have focused on molecular changes in a single stress-induced depression model, which limited the identification of the pathogenesis of MDD. The depressive-like behaviors were induced by four well-validated stress models in rats, including chronic unpredictable mild stress, learned helplessness stress, chronic restraint stress and social defeat stress. We applied proteomic and metabolomic to investigate molecular changes in the hippocampus of those four models and revealed 529 proteins and 98 metabolites. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified differentially regulated canonical pathways, and then we presented a schematic model that simulates AKT and MAPK signaling pathways network and their interactions and revealed the cascade reactions. Further, the western blot confirmed that p-AKT, p-ERK12, GluA1, p-MEK1, p-MEK2, p-P38, Syn1, and TrkB, which were changed in at least one depression model. Importantly, p-AKT, p-ERK12, p-MEK1 and p-P38 were identified as common alterations in four depression models. The molecular level changes caused by different stressors may be dramatically different, and even opposite, between four depression models. However, the different molecular alterations converge on a common AKT and MAPK molecular pathway. Further studies of these pathways could contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of depression, with the ultimate goal of helping to develop or select more effective treatment strategies for MDD.
A subpopulation of CD146+ macrophages enhances antitumor immunity by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Jing Lin , An Yunhe , Cai Tanxi , Xiang Jianquan , Li Baoming , Guo Jiang , Ma Xinran , Wei Ling , Tian Yanjie , Cheng Xiaoyan , Chen Xuehui , Liu Zheng , Feng Jing , Yang Fuquan , Yan Xiyun , Duan Hongxia
Published: June 2023

As one of the main tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, limited knowledge about their phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous nature restricts their application in tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of CD146+ TAMs that exerted antitumor activity in both human samples and animal models. CD146 expression in TAMs was negatively controlled by STAT3 signaling. Reducing this population of TAMs promoted tumor development by facilitating myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment via activation of JNK signaling. Interestingly, CD146 was involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated activation of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, partially by inhibiting transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B), an immunoregulatory cation channel. Treatment with a TMEM176B inhibitor enhanced the antitumor activity of CD146+ TAMs. These data reveal a crucial antitumor role of CD146+ TAMs and highlight the promising immunotherapeutic approach of inhibiting CD146 and TMEM176B.
Phase 1b trial of anti-EGFR antibody JMT101 and Osimertinib in EGFR exon 20 insertion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Shen , Zhuang Wu , Han Baohui , Song Zhengbo , Guo Wei , Luo Feng , Wu Lin , Hu Yi , Wang Huijuan , Dong Xiaorong , Jiang Da , Wang Mingxia , Miao Liyun , Wang Qian , Zhang Junping , Fu Zhenming , Huang Yihua , Xu Chunwei , Hu Longyu , Li Lei , Hu Rong , Yang Yang , Li Mengke , Yang Xiugao , Zhang Li , Huang Yan , Fang Wenfeng
Published: June 2023

EGFR exon 20 insertion (20ins)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an uncommon disease with limited therapeutic options and dismal prognosis. Here we report the activity, tolerability, potential mechanisms of response and resistance for dual targeting EGFR 20ins with JMT101 (anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody) plus osimertinib from preclinical models and an open label, multi-center phase 1b trial (NCT04448379). Primary endpoint of the trial is tolerability. Secondary endpoints include objective response rate, duration of response, disease control rate, progression free survival, overall survival, the pharmacokinetic profile of JMT101, occurrence of anti-drug antibodies and correlation between biomarkers and clinical outcomes. A total of 121 patients are enrolled to receive JMT101 plus osimertinib 160 mg. The most common adverse events are rash (76.9%) and diarrhea (63.6%). The confirmed objective response rate is 36.4%. Median progression-free survival is 8.2 months. Median duration of response is unreached. Subgroup analyses were performed by clinicopathological features and prior treatments. In patients with platinum-refractory diseases (n = 53), confirmed objective response rate is 34.0%, median progression-free survival is 9.2 months and median duration of response is 13.3 months. Responses are observed in distinct 20ins variants and intracranial lesions. Intracranial disease control rate is 87.5%. Confirmed intracranial objective response rate is 25%.
High-speed tunable microwave-rate soliton microcomb
Authors: He Yang , Lopez-Rios Raymond , Javid Usman A. , Ling Jingwei , Li Mingxiao , Xue Shixin , Vahala Kerry , Lin Qiang
Published: June 2023

Soliton microcombs are a promising new approach for photonic-based microwave signal synthesis. To date, however, the tuning rate has been limited in microcombs. Here, we demonstrate the first microwave-rate soliton microcomb whose repetition rate can be tuned at a high speed. By integrating an electro-optic modulation element into a lithium niobate comb microresonator, a modulation bandwidth up to 75 MHz and a continuous frequency modulation rate up to 5.0 × 1014 Hz/s are achieved, several orders-of-magnitude faster than existing microcomb technology. The device offers a significant bandwidth of up to tens of gigahertz for locking the repetition rate to an external microwave reference, enabling both direct injection locking and feedback locking to the comb resonator itself without involving external modulation. These features are especially useful for disciplining an optical voltage-controlled oscillator to a long-term reference and the demonstrated fast repetition rate control is expected to have a profound impact on all applications of frequency combs.
Multiplexed single-cell 3D spatial gene expression analysis in plant tissue using PHYTOMap
Authors: Nobori Tatsuya , Oliva Marina , Lister Ryan , Ecker Joseph R.
Published: June 2023

Retrieving the complex responses of individual cells in the native three-dimensional tissue context is crucial for a complete understanding of tissue functions. Here, we present PHYTOMap (plant hybridization-based targeted observation of gene expression map), a multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization method that enables single-cell and spatial analysis of gene expression in whole-mount plant tissue in a transgene-free manner and at low cost. We applied PHYTOMap to simultaneously analyse 28 cell-type marker genes in Arabidopsis roots and successfully identified major cell types, demonstrating that our method can substantially accelerate the spatial mapping of marker genes defined in single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets in complex plant tissue.
Future space experiment platforms for astrobiology and astrochemistry research
Authors: Elsaesser Andreas , Burr David J. , Mabey Paul , Urso Riccardo Giovanni , Billi Daniela , Cockell Charles , Cottin Hervé , Kish Adrienne , Leys Natalie , van Loon Jack J. W. A. , Mateo-Marti Eva , Moissl-Eichinger Christine , Onofri Silvano , Quinn Richard C. , Rabbow Elke , Rettberg Petra , de la Torre Noetzel Rosa , Slenzka Klaus , Ricco Antonio J. , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Westall Frances
Published: June 2023

Space experiments are a technically challenging but a scientifically important part of astrobiology and astrochemistry research. The International Space Station (ISS) is an excellent example of a highly successful and long-lasting research platform for experiments in space, that has provided a wealth of scientific data over the last two decades. However, future space platforms present new opportunities to conduct experiments with the potential to address key topics in astrobiology and astrochemistry. In this perspective, the European Space Agency (ESA) Topical Team Astrobiology and Astrochemistry (with feedback from the wider scientific community) identifies a number of key topics and summarizes the 2021 “ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper” for astrobiology and astrochemistry. We highlight recommendations for the development and implementation of future experiments, discuss types of in situ measurements, experimental parameters, exposure scenarios and orbits, and identify knowledge gaps and how to advance scientific utilization of future space-exposure platforms that are either currently under development or in an advanced planning stage. In addition to the ISS, these platforms include CubeSats and SmallSats, as well as larger platforms such as the Lunar Orbital Gateway. We also provide an outlook for in situ experiments on the Moon and Mars, and welcome new possibilities to support the search for exoplanets and potential biosignatures within and beyond our solar system.
Uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle SN Zwicky
Authors: Goobar Ariel , Johansson Joel , Schulze Steve , Arendse Nikki , Carracedo Ana Sagués , Dhawan Suhail , Mörtsell Edvard , Fremling Christoffer , Yan Lin , Perley Daniel , Sollerman Jesper , Joseph Rémy , Hinds K-Ryan , Meynardie William , Andreoni Igor , Bellm Eric , Bloom Josh , Collett Thomas E. , Drake Andrew , Graham Matthew , Kasliwal Mansi , Kulkarni Shri R. , Lemon Cameron , Miller Adam A. , Neill James D. , Nordin Jakob , Pierel Justin , Richard Johan , Riddle Reed , Rigault Mickael , Rusholme Ben , Sharma Yashvi , Stein Robert , Stewart Gabrielle , Townsend Alice , Vinko Jozsef , Wheeler J. Craig , Wold Avery
Published: June 2023

Detecting gravitationally lensed supernovae is among the biggest challenges in astronomy. It involves a combination of two very rare phenomena: catching the transient signal of a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy and observing it through a nearly perfectly aligned foreground galaxy that deflects light towards the observer. Here we describe how high-cadence optical observations with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with its unparalleled large field of view, led to the detection of a multiply imaged type Ia supernova, SN Zwicky, also known as SN 2022qmx. Magnified nearly 25-fold, the system was found thanks to the standard candle nature of type Ia supernovae. High-spatial-resolution imaging with the Keck telescope resolved four images of the supernova with very small angular separation, corresponding to an Einstein radius of onlyθE = 0.167″ and almost identical arrival times. The smallθEand faintness of the lensing galaxy are very unusual, highlighting the importance of supernovae to fully characterize the properties of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses, including the impact of galaxy substructures.
Y chromosome toxicity does not contribute to sex-specific differences in longevity
Authors: Delanoue Rénald , Clot Charlène , Leray Chloé , Pihl Thomas , Hudry Bruno
Published: June 2023

While sex chromosomes carry sex-determining genes, they also often differ from autosomes in size and composition, consisting mainly of silenced heterochromatic repetitive DNA. Even though Y chromosomes show structural heteromorphism, the functional significance of such differences remains elusive. Correlative studies suggest that the amount of Y chromosome heterochromatin might be responsible for several male-specific traits, including sex-specific differences in longevity observed across a wide spectrum of species, including humans. However, experimental models to test this hypothesis have been lacking. Here we use the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome to investigate the relevance of sex chromosome heterochromatin in somatic organs in vivo. Using CRISPR–Cas9, we generated a library of Y chromosomes with variable levels of heterochromatin. We show that these different Y chromosomes can disrupt gene silencing in trans, on other chromosomes, by sequestering core components of the heterochromatin machinery. This effect is positively correlated to the level of Y heterochromatin. However, we also find that the ability of the Y chromosome to affect genome-wide heterochromatin does not generate physiological sex differences, including sexual dimorphism in longevity. Instead, we discovered that it is the phenotypic sex, female or male, that controls sex-specific differences in lifespan, rather than the presence of a Y chromosome. Altogether, our findings dismiss the ‘toxic Y’ hypothesis that postulates that the Y chromosome leads to reduced lifespan in XY individuals.
Fabricating a dielectrophoretic microfluidic device using 3D-printed moulds and silver conductive paint
Authors: Valijam Shayan , Nilsson Daniel P. G. , Malyshev Dmitry , Öberg Rasmus , Salehi Alireza , Andersson Magnus
Published: June 2023

Dielectrophoresis is an electric field-based technique for moving neutral particles through a fluid. When used for particle separation, dielectrophoresis has many advantages compared to other methods, like providing label-free operation with greater control of the separation forces. In this paper, we design, build, and test a low-voltage dielectrophoretic device using a 3D printing approach. This lab-on-a-chip device fits on a microscope glass slide and incorporates microfluidic channels for particle separation. First, we use multiphysics simulations to evaluate the separation efficiency of the prospective device and guide the design process. Second, we fabricate the device in PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) by using 3D-printed moulds that contain patterns of the channels and electrodes. The imprint of the electrodes is then filled with silver conductive paint, making a 9-pole comb electrode. Lastly, we evaluate the separation efficiency of our device by introducing a mixture of 3 μm and 10 μm polystyrene particles and tracking their progression. Our device is able to efficiently separate these particles when the electrodes are energized with ±12 V at 75 kHz. Overall, our method allows the fabrication of cheap and effective dielectrophoretic microfluidic devices using commercial off-the-shelf equipment.
Initial analytical theory of plasma disruption and experimental evidence
Authors: Qiu Huibin , Hu Zuozhi , Wu Shengfa , Chen Jiangcun , Zhong Chengjie , Wu Junjie , Li Xiaobin , Xiao Donghua , Shi Chunhui , Liu Junhui , Xiong Wenjun , Hu Tianyi , Cai Qilong , Yuan Youlong
Published: June 2023

It is a great physical challenge to achieve controlled nuclear fusion in magnetic confinement tokamak and solve energy shortage problem for decades. In tokamak plasma, large-scale plasma instability called disruption will halt power production of reactor and damage key components. Prediction and prevention of plasma disruption is extremely urgent and important. However, there is no analytical theory can elucidate plasma disruption physical mechanism yet. Here we show an analytical theory of tokamak plasma disruption based on nonextensive geodesic acoustic mode theory, which can give the physical mechanism of disruption. The proposed theory has not only been confirmed by experimental data of disruption on T-10 device, but also can explain many related phenomena around plasma disruption, filling the gap in physical mechanism of tokamak plasma disruption.
Development of a portable smart Glucometer with two electrode bio-electronic test strip patch based on Cu/Au/rGO/PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Monfared Dehbali Masoomeh , Farahmandpour Milad , Hamedi Samaneh , Kordrostami Zoheir
Published: June 2023

Today, the importance of blood sugar monitoring in diabetic patients has created a global need to develop new glucometers. This article presents the fabrication of a portable smart glucometer for monitoring blood glucose with high sensitivity. The glucometer employs a bio-electronic test strip patch fabricated by the structure of Cu/Au/rGO/PEDOT: PSS on interdigitated electrodes. We demonstrate that this structure based on two-electrode can be superior to the three-electrode electrochemical test strips available in the market. It has good electro-catalytic properties that indicate high-performance sensing of blood glucose. The proposed bio-electronic glucometer can surpass the commercial electrochemical test strips in terms of response time, detection range, and limit of detection. Electronic modules used for the fabrication of smart glucometers, such as a power supply, analog to digital converter, OLED screen, and, wireless transmission module, are integrated onto a printed circuit board and packaged as a bio-electronics glucometer, enabling the comfortable handling of this blood glucose monitoring. The characteristics of active layers biosensors were investigated by SEM, and AFM. The glucometer can monitor glucose in the wide detection range of 0–100 mM, the limit of detection (1 µM) with a sensitivity of 5.65 mA mM−1 and excellent sensing performance such as high selectivity, high reproducibility, and good stability of fabricated test strips. With 11 human blood and serum samples, the glucometer demonstrated high clinical accuracy with the best value of RSD of 0.012.
Towards optimised extracellular vesicle proteomics from cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Kangas Petra , Nyman Tuula A. , Metsähonkala Liisa , Burns Cameron , Tempest Robert , Williams Tim , Karttunen Jenni , Jokinen Tarja S.
Published: June 2023

The proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can reveal novel biomarkers for diseases of the brain. Here, we validate an ultrafiltration combined with size-exclusion chromatography (UF-SEC) method for isolation of EVs from canine CSF and probe the effect of starting volume on the EV proteomics profile. First, we performed a literature review of CSF EV articles to define the current state of art, discovering a need for basic characterisation of CSF EVs. Secondly, we isolated EVs from CSF by UF-SEC and characterised the SEC fractions by protein amount, particle count, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Using proteomics, SEC fractions 3–5 were compared and enrichment of EV markers in fraction 3 was detected, whereas fractions 4–5 contained more apolipoproteins. Lastly, we compared starting volumes of pooled CSF (6 ml, 3 ml, 1 ml, and 0.5 ml) to evaluate the effect on the proteomic profile. Even with a 0.5 ml starting volume, 743 ± 77 or 345 ± 88 proteins were identified depending on whether ‘matches between runs’ was active in MaxQuant. The results confirm that UF-SEC effectively isolates CSF EVs and that EV proteomic analysis can be performed from 0.5 ml of canine CSF.
Text information hiding and recovery via wavelet digital watermarking method
Authors: Xiaohui Zhou
Published: June 2023

According to the wavelet digital watermarking method, wavelet text hiding algorithm is presented for hiding some text information in a signal with white noises and the corresponding recovery algorithm is also presented for obtaining text information from a synthesized signal. Firstly, wavelet text hiding algorithm is introduced and an example is given for demonstrating how to hide text information in a signal s with a white noise ε, where s = f(x) + ε and f(x) is a function such as sin x, cos x and so on. A synthesized signal $$\tilde{s}$$

s
~

can be obtained by wavelet text hiding algorithm. Then, the corresponding text recovery approach is also introduced and the text information is recovered from the synthesized signal $$\tilde{s}$$

s
~

by an example. Some figures of the example are shown that the wavelet text hiding algorithm and its recovery are feasible. Moreover, the roles of wavelet function, noise, embedding mode and embedding position are analyzed in the text information hiding and recovering, and it implicates its security. 1000 groups of English texts with different lengths are chosen for illustrating computational complexity and running time of the algorithms. The social application of this approach is explained by a system architecture figure. Finally, some future directions are discussed for our follow-up study.
Two bimetal-doped (Fe/Co, Mn) polyoxometalate-based hybrid compounds for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhou Jiu-Lin , Xiang Xin-Ying , Xu Ling-Tong , Wang Ji-Lei , Li Si-Man , Yu Ya-Ting , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: June 2023

Two POM-based hybrid materials utilizing a combination of reducing {P2W12} units and bimetal-doped (Fe/Co and Mn) centres were successfully synthesized. The introduction of different types of metals contributed to the diversification of the final configurations.
Cerium oxide nanomaterials improve cucumber flowering, fruit yield and quality: the rhizosphere effect
Authors: Feng Yan , Wang Chuanxi , Chen Feiran , Cao Xuesong , Wang Jing , Yue Le , Wang Zhenyu
Published: June 2023

Cerium oxide nanomaterials improved cucumber flowering, fruit yield and quality: the rhizosphere effect.
Realizing fast Li-ion conduction of Li3PO4 solid electrolyte at low temperature by mechanochemical formation of lithium-containing dual-shells
Authors: Zeng Shunqin , Ding Xiaoli , He Liqing , Li Hai-Wen , Zhang Qingan , Li Yongtao
Published: June 2023

Mechanochemical formation of lithium-containing dual-shells is proposed to realize fast Li-ion conduction in Li3PO4 solid electrolyte.
Shape control with atomic precision: anisotropic nanoclusters of noble metals
Authors: Li Yingwei , Jin Rongchao
Published: June 2023

When plasmonic metal nanoparticles become smaller and smaller, a new class of nanomaterials—metal nanoclusters of atomic precision—comes to light, and recently shape control at the atomic level for new functionality has become an attractive topic.
Accessing spiropiperidines from dihydropyridones through tandem triflation–allylation and ring-closing metathesis (RCM)
Authors: Gantasala Naresh , Fournet Corentin , Le Roch Myriam , Lalli Claudia , Pabbaraja Srihari , Gouault Nicolas
Published: June 2023

We report an approach to build 2-spiropiperidine moieties starting from dihydropyridones through a tandem triflation–allylation reaction followed by ring-closing metathesis and then Pd-catalyzed functionalization.
An AIE active fluorescence sensor for measuring Fe3+ in aqueous media and an iron deficiency anemia drug
Authors: Dalkilic Oguzhan , Bozkurt Ebru , Lafzi Ferruh , Kilic Haydar
Published: June 2023

In this study, a new tetraphenylethene derivative bearing triazole and pyridine moieties (TPE–TAP) was synthesized using click chemistry. The fluorescence sensing properties of TPE–TAP were investigated in almost 100% aqueous media.
Theoretical study of the rearrangement reaction in bisorbicillinoid biosynthesis: insights into the molecular mechanisms involved
Authors: Nakano Moe , Sato Hajime
Published: June 2023

The biosynthetic mechanism ofbisorbicillinoidswas analyzed using DFT calculations and revealed that a cyclopropane intermediate is formed during the rearrangement process.
ortho-Lithiation driven one-pot synthesis of quinazolines via [2 + 2 + 2] cascade annulation of halofluorobenzenes with nitriles
Authors: Hsueh Jen-Chun , Szu Fu-En , Yu Yin-Yin , Leung Man-kit
Published: June 2023

An efficient and simple protocol to access quinazoline derivatives from halofluorobenzenes with nitriles was reported, via sequential nucleophilic addition and SNAr reaction.
SI-PET-RAFT in flow: improved control over polymer brush growth
Authors: Kuzmyn Andriy R. , van Galen Martijn , van Lagen Barend , Zuilhof Han
Published: June 2023

This work introduces the SI-PET-RAFT technique in continuous flow conditions for improved control over the growth of polymer brushes.
Cyano-functionalized organic and polymeric semiconductors for high-performance n-type organic electronic devices
Authors: Li Yongchun , Huang Enmin , Guo Xugang , Feng Kui
Published: June 2023

Cyano functionalization as an effective strategy to construct high-performance n-type semiconductors is widely investigated in organic electronics.
Photocatalytic removal of 2-chlorophenol from water by using waste eggshell-derived calcium ferrite
Authors: Chaveanghong Suwilai , Kobkeatthawin Thawanrat , Trakulmututa Jirawat , Amornsakchai Taweechai , Kajitvichyanukul Puangrat , Smith Siwaporn Meejoo
Published: June 2023

A new approach to recycling low-value eggshell food waste was to produce a CaFe2O4 semiconductor with a narrow band gap (Eg = 2.81 eV) via hydrothermal treatments of powdered eggshell suspended in aqueous ferric salt (Fe3+) solutions at varying Fe loadings.
Structural, magnetic and optical properties of disordered double perovskite Gd2CoCrO6 nanoparticles
Authors: Hosen M. J. , Basith M. A. , Syed I. M.
Published: June 2023

Disordered double perovskite Gd2CoCrO6 nanoparticles (average size 71 ± 3 nm) with fascinating magnetic and optical properties were synthesized that might be promising for photocatalytic and related solar energy applications.
A method for calibrating measurement data of a micro air quality monitor based on MLR-BRT-ARIMA combined model
Authors: Liu Bing , Jiang Peijun
Published: June 2023

The combined model proposed in this paper is superior to some commonly used air quality prediction models.
A palladium(0)–threonine complex immobilized on the surface of magnetic mesocellular foam: an efficient, stable, and magnetically separable nanocatalyst for Suzuki, Stille, and Heck cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Shirvandi Zeinab , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash , Rostami Amin
Published: June 2023

In this study, a new palladium nanocatalyst was supported on l-threonine functionalized magnetic mesocellular silica foams (MMCF@Thr-Pd) and was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM, EDS, VSM, TGA, ICP-OES and elemental mapping techniques.
Isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement of two new viologen derivatives: mechanism insight and DFT calculations
Authors: Yin Xiuping , Li Xinxing , Li Xuyi , Biczysko Malgorzata , Zhu Shourong , Xu Jiaqiang , Bai Yue-Ling
Published: June 2023

Two new viologen derivatives Vio1·2Cl and Vio2·2Br were synthesized by introducing acetophenone and naphthophenone substituents, which showed fluorescence enhancement over time due to the keto-to-enol isomerization in solvents, especially in DMSO.
Integrated techno-economic and environmental assessment of biorefineries: review and future research directions
Authors: Pérez-Almada Déborah , Galán-Martín Ángel , Contreras María del Mar , Castro Eulogio
Published: June 2023

Biorefineries will be strategic players in achieving the circular economy and sustainability goals.
Thermodynamics, morphology and molecular structure of molecular compounds in trisamide triarylamine organogels and pseudo-organogels
Authors: Viswanatha-Pillai Ganesh , Vargas-Jentzsch Andreas , Carvalho Alain , Fleith Guillaume , Gavat Odile , Moulin Emilie , Giuseppone Nicolas , Guenet Jean-Michel
Published: June 2023

In this paper, potentially-gelling binary systems are investigated by DSC, X-ray and Electron microscopy in order to assess their gel status and the role of the Hansen solubility parameter.
Microwave-assisted organosolv extraction for more native-like lignin and its application as a property-enhancing filler in a light processable biobased resin
Authors: Yao Jenevieve , Karlsson Maria , Lawoko Martin , Odelius Karin , Hakkarainen Minna
Published: June 2023

The more native-like lignin microwave extracted from spruce wood greatly reinforced digital light processing 3D printed biobased materials already at low concentration.
Correction: Crystal growth of two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites and their application in photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Yuling , Wang Ruyue , Tan Zhan’ao
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Crystal growth of two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites and their application in photovoltaics’ by Yuling Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA01496G.
Light-activated carbon dot nanozyme with scandium for a highly efficient and pH-universal bio-nanozyme cascade colorimetric assay
Authors: Chen Xueshan , Lin Yao , Liao Jing , Zhang Jinyi , Zheng Chengbin
Published: June 2023

We report the Sc3+-boosted photocatalytic oxidation of C-dots based on strong coordination and electron transfer for constructing a cascade colorimetric assay at broad pH.
Dating young open clusters using δ Scuti stars
Authors: Pamos Ortega D. , Mirouh G. M. , García Hernández A. , Suárez Yanes J. C. , Barceló Forteza S.
Published: June 2023

Aims. The main goal of this work is to date young open clusters using δ Sct stars. Seismic indices such as the large separation and the frequency at maximum power can help constrain the models to better characterise the stars. We propose a reliable method to identify some radial modes, which would give us greater confidence in the constraints placed on the models.

Methods. We extracted the frequency content of a sample of δ Sct stars belonging to the same open cluster. We estimated the low-order large separation by means of different techniques and the frequency at maximum power for each member of the sample. We used a grid of models built with the typical parameters of δ Sct stars, including mass, metallicity, and rotation as independent variables, and we determined the oscillation modes. We selected the observed frequencies whose ratios match those of the models. Once we established a range of radial modes matching the observed frequencies, mainly the fundamental mode, we added it to the other seismic parameters to derive the stellar ages. Assuming star groups have a similar chemistry and age, we estimated their mean ages by computing a weighted probability density function fit to the age distribution of the seismically constrained models.

Results. We estimated the age of Trumpler 10 to be 30−20+30 Myr and that of Praesepe to be 580 ± 230 Myr. In this latter case, we find two apparent populations of δ Sct stars in the same cluster, one at 510 ± 140 Myr and another at 890 ± 140 Myr. This may be due to two different stellar formation events, a variety of rotational velocities among the members in our sample of stars (as rapid rotation may modify the observed large separation) or membership to unresolved binary systems.
Geometrical envelopes of fast radio bursts
Authors: Voisin G.
Published: June 2023

Aims. Assuming fast radio bursts (FRBs) are produced by matter travelling ultra-relativistically in a localised region of a smooth bundle of streamlines, we study the constraints applied by geometry to the morphology and polarisation of the burst in time and frequency independently of the intrinsic radiative process.

Methods. We express the problem only in terms of the local properties of direction and curvature of a streamline. This allowed us to cast the general results to any desired geometry. By applying this framework to two geometries inspired by pulsar and magnetar magnetospheres, we namely illustrate the dipolar polar-cap region and a magnetic dipole with an additional toroidal component.

Results. Geometry constrains bursts to occur within an envelope in the frequency versus time plane (dynamic spectrum). This envelope notably characterises spectral occupancy and frequency drifts (both burst-to-burst and within an individual burst). We illustrate how one can simulate bursts by specifying some basic properties of an intrinsic emission process. In particular we show that the typical properties of one-off bursts can be produced in polar-cap geometry by a star with a spin period > 1 s, while bursts from repeating sources are better accounted for with an additional strong toroidal component and a sub-second spin period.

Conclusions. We propose that a relationship between burst morphologies and the properties of the source, such as its spin period and magnetospheric properties, can be established at least qualitatively based on geometrical considerations. Our results favour models where repeaters are younger and faster magnetars with highly twisted magnetospheres.
First detection of the HSO radical in space
Authors: Marcelino N. , Puzzarini C. , Agúndez M. , Fuentetaja R. , Tercero B. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: June 2023

We report the discovery of HSO towards several cold dark clouds. The detection is confirmed by the observation of the fine and hyperfine components of two rotational transitions in the protostellar core B1-b, using the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes. Furthermore, all the fine and hyperfine components of its fundamental transition 10, 1 − 00, 0 at 39 GHz were also detected toward the cyanopolyyne peak of TMC-1. The measured frequencies were used to improve the molecular constants and predict more accurate line frequencies. We also detected the strongest hyperfine component of the 10, 1 − 00, 0 transition of HSO toward the cold dark clouds L183, L483, L1495B, L1527, and Lupus-1A. The HSO column densities were obtained using LTE models that reproduce the observed spectra. The rotational temperature was constrained to 4.5 K in B1-b and TMC-1 using the available Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m data. The obtained column densities range between 7.0×1010 cm−2 and 2.9×1011 cm−2, resulting in abundances in the range of (1.4–7.0) × 10−12 relative to H2. Our observations show that HSO is widespread in cold dense cores. However, more observations, together with a detailed comparison with other S-bearing species, are needed to constrain the chemical production mechanisms of HSO, which are not considered in current models.
Zum Thema Radiusfraktur
Authors: Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion
Published: June 2023

An dieser Stelle darf ich mich nun zum ersten Mal als neue Mit-Herausgeberin der
HaMiPla an Sie wenden. Kai Megerle hat bereits in der ersten Ausgabe dieses Jahres
treffende Worte zu unserem „Einstand“ gefunden und diesen
möchte ich mich gänzlich anschließen.