bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the Effect of Drakshasava on Dopamine, Serotonin and Cortisol Levels and Behavioural Changes in Acute and Chronic Stress Model in Wistar Rats
Authors: Dawane Jayshree Shriram , Dhande Priti Pravin
Published: October 2024

Drakshasava is a formulation used as a general tonic also for anxiety, anaemia in the Ayurveda. Our previous study reports for antidepressant property were very promising. This study aims to elucidate the antidepressant mechanisms of Drakshasava by examining its effects on key neurotransmitters and stress hormones, as well as observing related behavioral changes in Wistar rats under stress models. Methods: Wistar rats weighing 150-200 gms were divided into six groups consisting of 6 rats in each group. Two animal models, acute stress (AS) and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) were used. Drug treatment was given as per groups orally, Drakshasava in the dose of 2ml & 4ml/kg and Fluoxetine standard comparator 10mg/kg for next 7 days for AS. In UCMS group stress was given for 15 days and drug treatment was given along with the stress from day 15-21. Sucrose preference test (SPT) done on day 0 & 8 in AS and on day 0, 15, 22 in UCMS model rats and at the end Forced Swim test (FST) was performed. Blood withdrawal done for estimation of serum Dopamine, Serotonin and cortisol levels with ELISA kit on day 8 in AS & 22 in UCMS. Data obtained analysed with Graph Pad Prism 6. Result: Decrease in Dopamine (p<0.05) and Serotonin (p<0.01) while increase (p<0.01) in cortisol levels was seen in (depressed) disease control group rats in comparison with control group. Both doses of Drakshasava showed significant reduction in immobility time in FST and improved sucrose preference and was found to be effective in both the models of depression. Increase in serum serotonin (p<0.01) and dopamine (p<0.05) levels was evident while at the same time, (p<0.05) cortisol level reduction was seen in all drug treated rats. Findings observed in the FST and SPT were correlated with the biochemical findings. Effects seen with Drakshasava were comparable with that of Fluoxetine. Conclusion: Drakshasava increased serum serotonin and dopamine levels while decreasing cortisol levels in both acute and chronic animal models of depression. These effects were comparable to those observed with the standard antidepressant drug, Fluoxetine.
Linear and Post-Buckling Analysis of Biocompatible Polymer Microneedle for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Chellasamy Radhika , Thanikodi Sathish , Krishnamoorthy Kamesh , Kannaiyan Gnanavel Balakrishnan , Shanmugam Ragavanantham , Ramoni Monsuru
Published: October 2024

To facilitate the delivery of drugs into the skin structure, microneedles play a pivotal role. Unlike conventional hypodermic syringes, microneedles penetrate only the dermis layer, avoiding nerve receptors and resulting in a painless injection. However, when a drug is administered into the skin, microneedles may undergo bending and buckling, leading to structural failure. Such failure can cause the drug to remain beneath the skin, potentially creating complications. Preventing the catastrophe of microneedle failure necessitates a close examination of parameters involved in the bending and buckling process. In this paper, we focus on buckling analysis, as the majority of microneedle failures are attributed to the buckling effect. We perform buckling analysis through finite element analysis to predict the critical buckling load (Pcr). This analysis helps determine the maximum load that a microneedle can withstand. We conduct this analysis using two modes: linear and non-linear (post-buckling analysis). By varying the tip diameter of the microneedle (20µm, 40µm, 60µm, 80µm, 100µm), we can identify the safe insertion load.
Comprehending the Rationale for Repurposing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Medicines for Alzheimer's Disease Patients Via Gene Networks Studies and its Associated Molecular Pathways
Authors: Yadav Ravina , Mani Ruchi Jakhmola , Kumar Arun , Ahmad Saif , Katare Deepshikha Pande
Published: October 2024

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several epidemiological studies have reported a pathological association between AD and T2DM and have declared AD as a comorbidity of T2DM making T2DM a major risk factor for AD. Impaired insulin signaling elevates the risk for AD development and this can result in neurodegeneration via Aβ formation or increased inflammation in response to intraneural β amyloid. Insulin resistance, impaired glucose, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction are some characteristics common to both AD and T2DM. These features appear much before the clinical examination of both neurodegenerative diseases. It has now become extremely crucial to know the events that appear in the prodromal phases of these neurodegenerative disorders that elevate neurodegeneration risk. This has given rise to the idea that medications designed to treat T2DM may also help to alter the pathophysiology of AD and maintain cognitive function. This review highlights the recent and past evidence that correlates AD and T2DM, focusing on the shared pathogenic processes, and then evaluates the numerous medications given at clinical stages for assessing their potential activity in AD. Few molecular processes and their associated genes, altered protein metabolism (IAPP, Fyn/ERK/S6), altered carbohydrate metabolism (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4), Impaired Acetylcholine (Ach) Synthesis (ACHE, ChAT), altered cholesterol metabolism (APOE4) were some of the biological reasons which made T2DM drugs useful for AD at the molecular level. Additionally, an in-silico strategy explores and evaluates the efficiency of T2DM medications like metformin, insulin, thiazolidinediones, etc. for AD treatment. The gene receptors for these drugs in the human system were predicted to understand the molecular pathways followed by these receptors which are common in AD pathology.
Comparative Analysis of Oxidative Metabolism in Liver in Different Experimental Models of Hypothyroidism: Low Iodine Diet and Anti-Thyroid drug (Methimazole)
Authors: Abdullina Guzel Maratovna , Kamilov Feliks Khusainovich , Kozlov Valerii Nikolaevich , Galimov Shamil Narimanovich , Karyagina Nailia Timerkhatmullovna , Menshikova Irina Askhatovna , Bikmetova Elvira Rafinatovna
Published: October 2024

Objectives: On the concept of oxidative stress in hypothyroidism, which still remains ambiguous and controversial, the article emphasizes the issue of the impact of the experimental conditions on the validity of the data obtained in different methods of modeling thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on 112 white nonlinear male rats. Thyroid hormones and biomarkers of oxidative metabolism in the liver tissue were determined in rats kept for 3 months on a low-iodine diet (LID) and in rats with methimazole (MMI)-induced hypothyroidism (2,5 mg/100 g of body weight for 3 weeks). Results: In LID-rats (n=96) total serum T4 amounted 43, total T3 in liver tissue - 73% of the level found in euthyroid animal, p=0.0121 and p=0.0051, respectively), whereas in MMI-rats (n=96) both total and free serum T4 were 67% of control (p=0.0002 for both total and free T4). In LID-rats cytochrome oxidase (CcOX) activity in liver tissue was 68.5, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) - 58% of euthyroids (p value - 0.0202 and 0.0127, respectively), while protein carbonyls (PC) level was 116% of the control (p=0.0411). In MMI-rats liver malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity decreased up to 70.9, but succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and MDA concentration increased up to 163.6 and 154% of the level in euthyroid animals respectively (p˂0.05). Conclusion: LID-model led to the more pronounced inhibition of thyroid function, than that the MMI-hypothyroidism model used. LID-model was accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of oxidative metabolism in liver tissue, whereas MMI-hypothyroidism - by activation of the succinate oxidation pathway and an increase in the concentration of secondary lipid peroxidation products in the liver of experimental animals. The results suggest that the conflicting data obtained from studies of oxidative metabolism in hypothyroidism, among other assumptions, may be due to the different approaches used by researchers to model thyroid dysfunction.
Chronopharmacokinetics: A Brief Analysis of the Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination of Drugs
Authors: -Piedras Ana Luisa Robles , Sánchez Urias Bautista- , Hernández Elena Guadalupe Olvera- , Romero Alejandro Chehue-
Published: October 2024

Chronopharmacokinetics is a specialized field within pharmacokinetics that focuses on how the timing of drug administration affects the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. The circadian rhythm, governed by the body's biological clock, plays a crucial role in pharmacokinetics, which encompasses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. These pharmacokinetic processes are subject to daily variations influenced by the circadian rhythm. Drug absorption can fluctuate due to changes in gastrointestinal function, such as motility and gastric pH, and blood circulation. Similarly, the distribution of drugs in the body is influenced by factors such as tissue perfusion, plasma protein binding, and cell membrane permeability, all of which are modulated by the circadian rhythm. Metabolism, especially hepatic metabolism, can also experience circadian variations that affect the rate at which drugs are processed and converted into active or inactive metabolites. Finally, the elimination of drugs, primarily through renal function, can show circadian rhythms that impact the excretion of compounds from the body. Understanding these circadian fluctuations is essential to optimize the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments, as dosages and administration times could be adjusted to align with the peaks of biological clock activity. Thus, treatments can be more effective and have fewer side effects by leveraging the circadian variability in pharmacokinetic processes.
The Study of the Biologically Active Effect of the Rubia Tinctorum L. Plant on Rats with Experimental Kidney Stone Disease and Issues of Introduction
Authors: Saydullayevna Ishmuratova Aziza , Gulyamovna Abdugafurova Dilnoza , Hushvaqovich Islomov Akmal , Umarjonovich Mahmudov Lazizbek , Ugli Baratov Ko’zijon Rabbim , Kizi Azimova Aziza Qodirali
Published: October 2024

Since ancient times, madder dye (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been used in Uzbekistan to help alleviate stone deposits in organs. In the experiment we conducted, we aimed to demonstrate that this plant can prevent the occurrence of kidney stone disease in rats using an induced model of the disease. The kidney stone disease model in rats was created by administering ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride to the animals over a period of 10 days. The substances contained in the madder dye plant mitigated the effects of the substances used to induce the disease. According to the study results, simultaneous oral administration of the madder dye extract prevented the development of kidney stone disease in rats. The extract of Rubia tinctorum L. was found to be highly effective, showing a significant nephroprotective effect due to its specific and rich composition of terpenes and terpenoids.
Optical switching for data centers and advanced computing systems [Invited]
Authors: Patronas Giannis , Terzenidis Nikos , Kashinkunti Prethvi , Zahavi Eitan , Syrivelis Dimitris , Capps Louis , Wertheimer Zsolt-Alon , Argyris Nikos , Fevgas Athanasios , Thompson Craig , Ganor Avraham , Bernauer Julie , Mentovich Elad , Bakopoulos Paraskevas
Published: October 2024

We explore optical switching to extend network programmability to the physical layer and discuss applications of a Layer-1 software-defined network (SDN) in AI/HPC clusters. In this context we identify two applications for optical circuit switches (OCSs): failure resilience and reconfigurable topologies for deep learning workloads. We present experimental results from a DGX-based testbed towards improving failure resilience and a simulation analysis for efficient deep learning training in AI clusters.
A Photonics-Based Bessel Beam Launcher with an Air-Filled Core and Cylindrical Bragg Gratings in the Cladding
Authors: SERUNJOGI SOLOMON MICHEAL , Taha Ayat , Rasras Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

In this study, we develop a photonics-based Bessel launcher characterized by a hollow-core
cylindrical waveguide surrounded by Bragg gratings composed of concentric silicon rings, each
375 nm thick. The meta-surface is constructed on a 5 𝜇m high silicon cylindrical substrate.
This configuration effectively generates a Bessel beam at the commonly used telecom infrared
optical wavelength of 1.55 𝜇m. We explore three variations of this optical antenna, featuring
6, 16, and 32 ring arrays, respectively. The performance of the optical antenna configuration
is assessed through simulated far-field polar plots and z-directed intensity distributions up to
a non-diffracting range (NDR) of 1 mm using CST Microwave Studio and Lumerical FDTD
Interconnect. These simulations reveal that the optical antenna gain of the launcher in the far field
varies from 20 dBi to 26 dBi as the number of concentric rings increases from 6 to 32. We report
the 𝑆11 reflection coefficient of -33 dB and radiation efficiency of 0.01 dB. To independently
verify the angular spectrum of the antenna, we employ Dyadic Green’s functions, orthogonal
vector wave functions, and Bloch’s theorem in MATLAB, demonstrating exceptional coupling of
the Gaussian beam into the photonic device with a radiation efficiency of 99%.
Peace in an extreme climate: How climate-related security risks affect prospects for stability in Lake Chad
Authors: Nagarajan Chitra , Vivekananda Janani , Pham-Duc Binh , Sylvestre Florence , Pohl Benjamin , Morales Munoz Hector
Published: October 2024

The lake Chad region faces a humanitarian crisis with simultaneous risks coming from conflict and fragility. Climate change is compounding the many political, environmental, economic, and security challenges facing the region, exacerbating the already complex security challenges. Climate change is causing higher temperatures and greater fluctuations in rainfall patterns, making it harder for communities around Lake Chad to sustain their livelihoods. At the same time, the conflict between armed opposition groups and state security forces is increasing people’s vulnerability to climate change risks and undermining traditional coping mechanisms. This article presents the findings of the climate-security nexus assessment of the Lake Chad region to inform response options for the region. We conducted locally grounded, participatory conflict analysis. The conflict analysis is based on 229 in-depth one-to-one interviews, which have been conducted by a locally-led research team with affected communities around Lake Chad in all four countries of the region (Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria). It contributes to an evidence base to assess the specific ways climate change interacts with the risk landscape, systematically analysing how climate change shapes risks and determining appropriate responses for the Lake Chad region. The article sets out four climate-fragility risks: (i) Climate and ecological change increase livelihood insecurity; (ii) Vulnerability heightens as conflict and fragility strain coping capacities.; (iii) Resource conflicts rise due to scarcity.; and (iv) Livelihood insecurity fuel recruitment into armed groups. We argue that the success of stabilisation efforts to end violence in the region hangs on their ability to account for climate risks affecting Lake Chad.
Branched-chain amino acids modulate the proteomic profile of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis induced by proline
Authors: Nascimento Janaina de Freitas , Damasceno Flávia Silva , Marsiccobetre Sabrina , Vitorino Francisca Natália de Luna , Achjian Renan Weege , da Cunha Julia Pinheiro Chagas , Silber Ariel Mariano
Published: October 2024

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has a complex life cycle that involves triatomine insects as vectors and mammals as hosts. The differentiation of epimastigote forms into metacyclic trypomastigotes within the insect vector is crucial for the parasite’s life cycle progression. Factors influencing this process, including temperature, pH, and nutritional stress, along with specific metabolite availability, play a pivotal role. Amino acids like proline, histidine, and glutamine support cell differentiation, while branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) inhibit it. Interestingly, combining the pro-metacyclogenic amino acid proline with one of the anti-metacyclogenic BCAAs results in viable metacyclics with significantly reduced infectivity. To explore the characteristics of metacyclic parasites differentiated in the presence of BCAAs, proteomics analyses were conducted. Metacyclics obtained in triatomine artificial urine (TAU) supplemented with proline alone and in combination with leucine, isoleucine, or valine were compared. The analyses revealed differential regulation of 40 proteins in TAU-Pro-Leu, 131 in TAU-Pro-Ile, and 179 in TAU-Pro-Val, as compared to metacyclics from TAU-Pro. Among these, 22%, 11%, and 13% of the proteins were associated with metabolic processes, respectively. Notably, enzymes related to glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were reduced in metacyclics with Pro-BCAAs, while enzymes involved in amino acid and purine metabolic pathways were increased. Furthermore, metacyclics with Pro-Ile and Pro-Val exhibited elevated enzymes linked to lipid and redox metabolism. The results revealed five proteins that were increased and four that were decreased in common in the presence of Pro+BCAAs, indicating their possible participation in key processes related to metacyclogenesis. These findings suggest that the presence of BCAAs can reshape the metabolism of metacyclics, contributing to the observed reduction in infectivity in these parasites.
The implementation of sex-and gender-based considerations in exercise-based randomized controlled trials in individuals with stroke: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wiley Elise , Noguchi Kenneth S. , Fang Hanna , Moncion Kevin , Richardson Julie , MacDermid Joy C. , Tang Ada
Published: October 2024

Emerging evidence suggests that sex-and gender-based factors may influence responses to exercise post-stroke. The Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines (2016) published international standards for terminology and considerations for research design and trial reporting. The extent to which sex- and gender-based considerations have been implemented in stroke exercise trials is currently unknown. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the proportion of studies that have implemented sex/gender considerations before and after the publication of the SAGER guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature to identify exercise-based trials in individuals with stroke. Study titles, abstracts, introductions (hypothesis statements), methods, results and discussions were assessed for adherence to the SAGER guidelines. The proportion of studies adhering to SAGER guidelines published prior to and including December 31, 2016 and from 2017-March 2023 were compared. Of the 245 studies identified, 150 were published before December 31, 2016, of which 0 (0%) titles/abstracts, 0 (0%) introductions, 21 (14.0%) methods, 8 (5.3%) results, and 7 (4.7%) discussion sections adhered to the SAGER guidelines, and 35 (23.3%) reported proper sex and gender terminology. Of the 95 studies published between 2017–2023, 0 (0%) title/abstracts, 1 (1.0%) introduction, 16 (16.8%) methods, 5 (5.3%) results, and 10 (10.5%) discussion sections adhered to the guidelines, and 37 (38.9%) of studies included proper terminology. The implementation of sex- and gender-based considerations in stroke exercise trials is low, but positively the reporting of proper terminology has increased since the publication of standardized reporting guidelines. This study serves as a call to action for stroke rehabilitation researchers to incorporate sex- and gender-based considerations in all stages of research studies, to improve the rigour and generalizability of findings, and promote health equity.
The illusion of information adequacy
Authors: Gehlbach Hunter , Robinson Carly D. , Fletcher Angus
Published: October 2024

How individuals navigate perspectives and attitudes that diverge from their own affects an array of interpersonal outcomes from the health of marriages to the unfolding of international conflicts. The finesse with which people negotiate these differing perceptions depends critically upon their tacit assumptions—e.g., in the bias of naïve realism people assume that their subjective construal of a situation represents objective truth. The present study adds an important assumption to this list of biases: the illusion of information adequacy. Specifically, because individuals rarely pause to consider what information they may be missing, they assume that the cross-section of relevant information to which they are privy is sufficient to adequately understand the situation. Participants in our preregistered study (N = 1261) responded to a hypothetical scenario in which control participants received full information and treatment participants received approximately half of that same information. We found that treatment participants assumed that they possessed comparably adequate information and presumed that they were just as competent to make thoughtful decisions based on that information. Participants’ decisions were heavily influenced by which cross-section of information they received. Finally, participants believed that most other people would make a similar decision to the one they made. We discuss the implications in the context of naïve realism and other biases that implicate how people navigate differences of perspective.
Epidemiology and regional variance of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in Sweden: A 15-year observational study
Authors: Magnéli Martin , Axenhus Michael
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries pose significant challenges to healthcare systems and individuals, affecting sensory function, causing neuropathic pain, and impairing quality of life. Despite their impact, comprehensive studies on the epidemiology and regional variance of these injuries are scarce. Understanding the incidence, trends, and anatomical distribution of such injuries is essential for targeted interventions and resource allocation.

Methods

This observational study utilized register-based data from the Swedish National Patient Register covering the period from 2008 to 2022. Incidence rates, trends, and anatomical distribution of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression modeling, and regional comparisons.

Results

Higher incidences of peripheral nerve injuries were observed among men compared to women across all age groups. The hand and wrist were the most commonly affected sites. Regional variations in incidence rates were evident, with some regions consistently exhibiting higher rates compared to others. Notably, a decreasing trend in injuries was observed over the study period.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of targeted interventions and preventive strategies, considering sex, age, and regional disparities. Further research incorporating individual patient-level data is warranted to enhance our understanding and inform tailored interventions to reduce the burden of these injuries.
Network pharmacology combined with experimental validation show that apigenin as the active ingredient of Campsis grandiflora flower against Parkinson’s disease by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Liu Kai , An Jing , Zhang Jing , Zhao Jihu , Sun Peng , He Zhaohui
Published: October 2024

The exploration of novel natural products for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a focus of current research, as there are no definitive drugs to cure or stop the disease. Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum (Lingxiaohua) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the exact active constituents and putative mechanisms for treating PD are unknown. Through data mining and network pharmacology, apigenin (APi) was identified as the main active ingredient of Lingxiaohua, and key targets (TNF, AKT1, INS, TP53, CASP3, JUN, BCL2, MMP9, FOS, and HIF1A) of Lingxiaohua for the treatment of PD were discovered. The primary routes implicated were identified as PI3K/AKT, Apoptosis, TNF, and NF-κB pathways. Subsequently, therapeutic potential of APi in PD and its underlying mechanism were experimentally evaluated. APi suppressed the release of mediators of inflammation and initiation of NF-κB pathways in MES23.5 cells induced by MPP+. APi suppressed caspase-3 activity and apoptosis and elevated p-AKT levels in MES23.5 cells. Pretreatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, resulted in APi treatment blocking the activation of NF-κB pathway and expression of inflammatory factors in MES23.5 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, APi protects dopaminergic neurons by controlling the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, giving novel insights into the pharmacological mechanism of Lingxiaohua in treating PD.
Sík Sándor helye Juhász Gyula költészetének recepciótörténetében
Authors: Miklós Péter
Published: October 2024

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Párhuzamos angyalképek
Authors: Urbanik Tímea
Published: October 2024

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Bakáról, Szepesiről, angyalokról
Authors: Fabulya Andrea
Published: October 2024

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„Amikor az ember már madár”
Authors: Hernádi Mária
Published: October 2024

Tanulmányomban az életallegóriákat vizsgálom a későmodernség három költőjének (Weöres Sándor, Nemes Nagy Ágnes, Pilinszky János) verseiben. Ez a műfaj a teljes emberi életút ábrázolására tesz kísérletet, s az élet - mint időbeli folyamat - egymás után k övetkező szakaszaitterekkel metaforizálja.Az első fejezetben az énnel mint az életfolyam kiindulópontjával foglalkozom, a másodikban az úton lét és a vándorlás motívumával, a harmadikban az életszakaszok, az köztük megtörténő határátlépések, és az ezek nyomán kirajzolódó életút-mintázatok költői reflexióival, a negyedikbenpedig az öregedés folyamatát tematizáló versekkel.Tanulmányom ötödik, utolsó fejezetének középpontjában Weöres Sándor  gyetemes érvényű életallegóriája, a Via vitae című vers áll. Ennek értelmezésével - kitekintve a másik két szerző párhuzamos gondolatmenetű költeményeire (Nemes Nagy Ágnes: [Sötét volt és magas]; Pilinszky János: Egyetenes labirintus) - arra a kérdésre keresem a választ, hogy a három költő létszemléletében a szűkülés és a fogyatkozás, vagy a tágulás és a növekedés tapasztalata határozza-e meg inkább az életutat.Írásomban a teljesség igénye nélkül, inkább metszeteket alkotva vizsgálom a három szerző életút-értelmezéseit.
Megjegyzések a fordítói hűségről egy kínai vers fordításainak ürügyén
Authors: Albert Sándor
Published: October 2024

A cikkben egy négysoros régi kínai vers magyar és angol nyelvű fordításainak összehasonlító elemzése alapján mutatjuk ki, hogy a fordítás akkor is lehet elhibázott, pontatlan vagy hűtlen, ha a két vers lexikális tartalma megegyezik, de legalábbis nagymértékben hasonló. A fordítás akadályai elsősorban nem nyelvi, hanem kulturális természetűek, és ez különösen így van, ha két, egymástól szinte minden tekintetben különböző kultúra között próbál meg a műfordító közvetíteni. A nyugati (európai) és keleti (kínai) kultúrkör egymástól gyökeresen eltérő mentalitását, világlátását, hagyományait, vallási és kulturális konnotációit szinte lehetetlen pusztán nyelvi eszközökkel kiküszöbölni vagy kompenzálni.
The Negligence Towards Psychological Education: A Major Cause of Corruption in the Political System.
Authors: Ugwu Abel Friday
Published: October 2024

This article explores the profound implications of the lack of psychological education within political systems, positing that corruption. By highlighting the intersections between psychology, governance, and ethics, we argue that an understanding of human behavior and mental processes is crucial for fostering integrity and accountability in politics. Furthermore, we discuss potential reforms that could integrate psychological principles into political education and practice, ultimately promoting a healthier political culture.
Ensino de Inglês como língua adicional para e com crianças:
Authors: Dos Santos Kieling Helena , Selbach Helena Vitalina , Reichert Assunção Tonelli Juliana
Published: October 2024

Neste estudo, discutimos o ensino de inglês como língua adicional para (MALTA, 2019) e com crianças (TONELLI, 2021). Para tanto, examinamos o papel da criança na escola a partir da perspectiva da experiência de Dewey (1938), estabelecemos relações com a metodologia CLIL (Content Language Integrated Learning) para esse contexto e discutimos a implementação de uma unidade didática que visou englobar as duas perspectivas em uma escola bilíngue de prestígio com currículo na fase inicial de implementação. Os resultados apontam para um maior engajamento dos alunos, aprendizagem ativa, cooperação e maior participação oral em língua inglesa.
Comparative Analysis of Augmented Reality in Engineering Drawing Course: Assessing Spatial Visualization and Cognitive Load with Marker-Based, Markerless, and Web-Based Approaches
Authors: Tiwari Ajay Shankar , Bhagat Kaushal Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the integration of augmented reality (AR) into engineering education, with a specific focus on its impact on spatial visualization abilities and the cognitive load in the context of an engineering drawing course. The research employs a structured approach, involving three experimental groups utilizing marker-based (MBAR), markerless (MLAR), and web-based AR (WBAR) applications, in comparison to a control group receiving traditional instruction. The primary objective is to rigorously assess the comparative effectiveness of these instructional approaches in enhancing spatial visualization skills and reducing the cognitive load of undergraduate engineering students. Spatial visualization, a vital cognitive skill for engineering disciplines, is evaluated using the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations (PSVT-R) questionnaire. The cognitive load of students is assessed with the help of a questionnaire comprising items related to mental load and effort. This study not only quantifies the impact of AR applications but also highlights subtle differences among the various AR modalities. The findings suggested that the group that used marker-based AR had better improvement in their spatial ability and felt less cognitive load compared to those who utilized markerless AR and web-based AR.
Timed Automata und zeitliche Anomalien in Wissensgraphen von automatisierten Produktionsanlagen
Authors: Westermann Tom , Gill Milapji Singh , Fay Alexander
Published: October 2024

Die modellbasierte Identifikation von Anomalien ist ein weit verbreiteter Ansatz, um Abweichungen vom erwarteten Verhalten eines Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) zu erkennen. Da die manuelle Erstellung dieser Modelle ein zeitaufwändiger Prozess ist, ist es vorteilhaft, sie aus Daten zu lernen und in einem generischen Formalismus wie z. B. Timed Automata darzustellen. Die Interpretation solcher Modelle, und somit auch der identifizierten Anomalien, wird jedoch aufgrund fehlender Kontextinformationen erschwert. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die modellbasierte Anomalieerkennung in CPPS zu verbessern, indem der gelernte Timed Automaton mit einem formalen Wissensgraphen über das System kombiniert wird. Hierdurch werden sowohl das Modell als auch die identifizierten Anomalien mit eindeutiger Semantik in einer gemeinsamen Wissensbasis beschrieben, um den Anlagenbetreibern eine einfachere Interpretation des Modells und der identifizierten Anomalien zu ermöglichen. Darüber hinaus präsentieren die Autoren eine Ontologie der erforderlichen Konzepte und Beziehungen. Der Ansatz wurde an einer prozesstechnischen Mischanlage validiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Interpretierbarkeit der Anomalien und des Automatenmodells durch den generierten Wissensgraphen gesteigert werden konnte.
Downstream Competition and Upstream Innovation: Theory and Evidence from China
Authors: Dai Jing , Liu Guanchun , Ye Ziqi , Mao Haiou , Ye Yongwei
Published: October 2024

Competition is the catalyst of corporate innovation, which is the foundation of a country’s core competitiveness. From the view of vertical industrial chain, this paper examines how downstream competition affects upstream firms’ innovation output. Given innovation helps reduce the production cost of each product, increasing demand of intermediate products caused by downstream competition enhances the marginal revenue of upstream firms’ innovation, thus leading to an innovation incentive effect. To identify causality, we utilize China’s WTO accession, a quasi-natural experiment, to calculate downstream competition combined with import tariff reduction and input-output table, and then run a difference-in-difference regression. Using the data of Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and State Intellectual Property Office, our results find that downstream competition has a significantly positive impact on upstream firms’ innovation, and this effect is more pronounced in firms with less industry competition, greater initial innovation capacity and weaker financial constraints. Moreover, the number of firms, the degree of industry competition and the scale of intermediate products in the downstream sector increase, confirming the market size channel. In sum, our findings document that downstream competition can motivate upstream firms to innovate through vertical industrial chain, providing some useful insights for China to build a fair market competition environment and promote innovation-driven growth regime.
Energy Price Fluctuation and Real Estate Market Risk Prevention—Empirical Evidence at the Prefecture-Level City Level in China
Authors: Wang Zhenxia , Yan Bingqian , Wang Lei
Published: October 2024

The impact of energy price fluctuation on the macro economy is a hot issue that is continuously concerned by the academic community, but few literature have paid attention to the impact of energy price fluctuation on housing price and the financial risks that may arise. Based on the data of cities at and above the prefecture level in China, this paper empirically examines the impact of energy price fluctuation on the price fluctuation of the domestic real estate, and analyzes its influencing mechanism and transmission pathways. The results show that changes of energy price will significantly affect the fluctuation of domestic real estate price, and it is more obvious in large cities and megacities. Energy price affect the demand for housing through changes of interest rate levels on the one hand, and the supply of the real estate market through the cost of housing construction on the other hand, which leads to housing price fluctuation. After a series of robustness tests, the results are still valid. At the same time, the effect is asymmetric, that is, higher energy price increases the fluctuation of house price, but the impact of falling energy price is not significant. Therefore, when preventing real estate market risks, energy price should be considered as a forward-looking indicator to focus on, and the regulation and control policies of the real estate market should be scientifically formulated. This paper not only provides a new perspective on the mechanism of housing price formation, but also enriches the research on the interconnection between energy and financial markets.
The Impact of Global Value Chain Embedment on Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction:Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Bai Junhong , Yu Xuewei
Published: October 2024

An in-depth investigation into the effect of embedment in global value chain (GVC) on energy conservation and emissions reduction is of great significance for scientifically assessing the environmental impact of GVC participation, and promoting high-quality development in China. This paper incorporates GVC embedment, energy consumption and carbon emissions into the same analysis framework for the first time. Based on the WIOD database, this paper theoretically and empirically examines the impact and mechanism of global value chain embeddedness on carbon emission reduction from two dimensions: energy consumption intensity and energy consumption structure. The study found that GVC embedment significantly reduced the industry’s carbon emission intensity; developing economies’ embedment in GVC helped reduce their carbon emission intensity, while the effect was not obvious in developed economies. GVC embedment had a significant inhibitory effect on the carbon emissions in both upstream and downstream industries, but not conducive to carbon reduction of low-tech manufacturing. The mechanism test shows that the GVC embedment not only exhibits the dual effects of energy conservation and emissions reduction, but also has a significant impact on carbon emissions by reducing the energy consumption intensity and improving the energy consumption structure.
In Search of a Sinful Pun: A Granular Analysis of Q 2:58–59
Authors: Gyllenhaal David , Zuckier Shlomo
Published: October 2024

This paper offers a new reading of Q 2:58–59 by way of Muqātil ibn Sulaymān’s Tafsīr and its use of the Hebrew Bible and Jewish or possibly Christian traditions. While the scholarly study of the Qurʾān in its late antique context has often been ambivalent toward medieval Arabic tafsīr, this paper uses the testimony of the tafsīr corpus on a single mysterious passage to reconstruct a plausible meaning in its original Qurʾānic milieu and shed light on the exegetical intimacies of Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the first Hijri centuries.

Q 2:58–59 contain a puzzling pericope about God punishing the Israelites because they substituted one word, which God had commanded them to say, with another. The word God commanded them to say, ḥiṭṭa, does not represent any Arabic word that makes good sense in context. The word they substituted is never specified. Later Arabic exegetes were thus puzzled by the passage and proposed many different solutions. The paper closely analyzes Muqātil ibn Sulaymān’s reading of the relevant passage in light of biblical intertexts and Jewish or Christian traditions, yielding an interpretation of this passage with reference to a perfidious pun on the words for “sin” and “grain” that works in Aramaic or possibly Hebrew, but not in Arabic.
Through the eyes of the parents: a transdiagnostic psychiatric perspective for children with differences of sexual development
Authors: Ozbaran Burcu , Senturk-Pilan Birsen , Yavuz-Kan Oyku , Yulug-Tas Begum , Inal-Kaleli Ipek , Er Eren , Ozen Samim , Goksen Damla , Darcan Sukran
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Existing literature lacks data on a subgroup exhibiting psychiatric symptoms below the DSM-5 diagnostic threshold within differences of sexual development (DSD) cases. Our study aims to assess parental knowledge, attitudes toward DSD, and parental perceptions of emotional and behavioral states through a transdiagnostic perspective.

Methods

The study was conducted with a total of 35 parents of children with DSD. Two groups were established via k-means clustering, based on psychiatric symptomatology levels, derived from The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire – Parent Form and The Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – Parent Form: with one group exhibiting lower reported psychiatric symptoms (LPS=27) and the other demonstrating higher psychiatric symptoms (HPS=8) by parents.

Results

Our study found that many parents were hesitant to disclose DSD diagnoses to their children, believing them to be too young to comprehend the information (42.9 %) and that they were unaware of the available support that could be provided by the medical team in disclosing the diagnosis (25.7 %). Our study found no differences in DSM-5 diagnoses between HPS and LPS groups (p>0.05), with ADHD being the most prevalent diagnosis (21.7 %) and a significant overrepresentation of children with a discrepancy between assigned gender at birth and gender upbringing in the HPS group compared to the LPS group (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our study emphasizes the necessity of a transdiagnostic approach in psychiatry to move beyond binary conceptualizations and better understand the complexities of individuals with DSD.
The utilization of artificial intelligence in enhancing 3D/4D ultrasound analysis of fetal facial profiles
Authors: Bachnas Muhammad Adrianes , Andonotopo Wiku , Dewantiningrum Julian , Adi Pramono Mochammad Besari , Stanojevic Milan , Kurjak Asim
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of healthcare, offering significant advancements in various medical disciplines, including obstetrics. The integration of artificial intelligence into 3D/4D ultrasound analysis of fetal facial profiles presents numerous benefits. By leveraging machine learning and deep learning algorithms, AI can assist in the accurate and efficient interpretation of complex 3D/4D ultrasound data, enabling healthcare providers to make more informed decisions and deliver better prenatal care. One such innovation that has significantly improved the analysis of fetal facial profiles is the integration of AI in 3D/4D ultrasound imaging. In conclusion, the integration of artificial intelligence in the analysis of 3D/4D ultrasound data for fetal facial profiles offers numerous benefits, including improved accuracy, consistency, and efficiency in prenatal diagnosis and care.
Dynamic nonlocal metasurface for multifunctional integration via phase-change materials
Authors: Yu Shilin , Xu Mingfeng , Pu Mingbo , Tang Xi , Zheng Yuhan , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Fei , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: October 2024

Non-local metasurface supporting geometric phases at bound states in the continuum (BIC) simultaneously enables sharp spectral resonances and spatial wavefront shaping, thus providing a diversified optical platform for multifunctional devices. However, a static nonlocal metasurface cannot manipulate multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs), making it difficult to achieve multifunctional integration and be applied in different scenarios. Here, we presented and demonstrated phase-change non-local metasurfaces that can realize dynamic manipulation of multiple DOFs including resonant frequency, Q values, band, and spatial wavefront. Accordingly, a metasurface integrating multiple distinct functions is designed, as a proof-of-concept demonstration. Utilizing the geometry phase of quasi-BIC and the tunability of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a dynamic meta-lens is achieved by tailoring spatial light response at quasi-BIC in the temperature range from room temperature to 53 °C. Simultaneously, the sharp Fano resonance of quasi-BIC enables the metasurface to serve as an optical sensor in the mid-infrared band, yielding a sensitivity of 7.96 THz/RIU at room temperature. Furthermore, at the metallic state of VO2 (80 °C), the designed metasurface converts into a mid-infrared broadband absorber, achieving higher than 80 % absorptivity and an average absorption of 90 % from 28.62 THz to 37.56 THz. The proposed metasurface enabling multifunctional performances in different temperatures can effectively improve the availability of devices and find more new and complex scenarios in sensing, imaging, and communications.
Crystal structure of 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one–N,N-dimethylformamide(1/1), C18H17NO5
Authors: Jacobs Ayesha , Tangouna Liambo Bissa Marie-Louise
Published: October 2024

C18H17NO5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 4.6793(9) Å, b = 18.118(4) Å, c = 18.380(4) Å, V = 1,558.2(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0448, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1246, T = 173(2) K.
Aprendizaje creativo de la Ingeniería del Software en la formación del profesional informático en la Universidad de Matanzas
Authors: Segura Urrutia Daniel , Blanco Alfonso Briseida Lucía , González Hernández Walfredo
Published: October 2024

La investigación se centra en el aprendizaje creativo de la Ingeniería del Software en la carrera Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Matanzas. La Ingeniería del Software fue seleccionada por las potencialidades que ofrecen sus contenidos para fomentar el aprendizaje creativo durante el proceso de formación del profesional informático. Para su desarrollo se realiza una fundamentación de la creatividad y su relación con el aprendizaje creativo que permite definir el aprendizaje creativo de la Ingeniería del Software. Se diagnostica el estado actual del aprendizaje creativo en los estudiantes de la carrera objeto de análisis, donde se identifica el insuficiente desarrollo del mismo. Se elabora el sistema de actividades didácticas que contribuye al aprendizaje creativo de la Ingeniería del Software. Este sistema de actividades está dirigido a los estudiantes. Por último, se realiza el criterio de especialista que permita valorar la propuesta.
Engaging in Transnational Feminist Praxis
Authors: Shah Payal P.
Published: October 2024

In this reflective article, I focus on the meanings and implications of conducting feminist ethnographic research during the COVID-19 pandemic with women participants of an educational project supported by the non-governmental sector in India. This research aimed to provide the space for women to organically present and provide insight into the multiplicity of factors that influence their decision-making authority and ability, illuminating the connections between education, agency, and empowerment during the COVID-19 pandemic. I discuss the nuances as well as on-the-ground limitations of developing collaborative and relational research in contexts with significant material and structural constraints. In this article, I seek to underscore the need to examine closely what collective belonging, duty, and responsibility looks like for researchers in the development and implementation of transnational feminist projects during crisis.
Caracterización de tareas sobre inecuaciones en libros de textos escolares en educación primaria
Authors: Pacheco Estefanía , Ayala-Altamirano Cristina , Molina Marta
Published: October 2024

[Objective] This study characterized mathematical inequation tasks in Chilean primary school textbooks for 4th and 5th graders (9 and 10 year olds). [Methodology] A qualitative descriptive study was conducted considering the following six categories: algebraic practices involved, syntactic structure of the expressions, meaning of the concept of inequation, resolution strategies, level of cognitive demand, and context. The sample is comprised of 206 tasks from math textbooks. [Results] The characterised tasks have few practices leading to algebraic thinking, and it is the alphanumeric symbolic representation the one that predominantly stands out within these practices. The structure of the expressions shows little variety for generalising and reasoning, the latter having repercussions on the resolution strategies, which are not progressively addressed in order to improve their comprehension. The proposed tasks present different meanings of inequation. Regarding the cognitive demand, most of the tasks consist of connected and unconnected procedures. Finally, the most frequent contexts are mathematical, while the ones with the least presence are personal, social, and occupational contexts. [Conclusions] It is concluded that improving task design is necessary. The proposed categories are a tool to visualise which elements are taken into consideration and to improve inequation tasks.