bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of phosphorus-based flame retardant in wood by hyperspectral imaging—a new method
Authors: Stefansson Petter , Burud Ingunn , Thiis Thomas , Gobakken Lone , Larnøy Erik
Published: February 2018

It is recognised that flame retardant chemicals degrade and leach out of flame-protected wood claddings when
exposed to natural weathering. However, the ability to survey the current state of a flame retardant treatment applied to a
wood cladding, an arbitrary length of time after the initial application, is limited today. In this study, hyperspectral imaging in
the near infrared to short-wavelength infrared region is used to quantify the amount of flame retardant present on wooden
surfaces. Several sets of samples were treated with various concentrations of a flame retardant chemical and scanned
with a push broom hyperspectral camera. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy analysis of the outermost
layer of the treated samples was then carried out in order to determine each sample’s phosphorus content, the active
ingredient in the flame retardant. Spectra from the hyperspectral images were pre-processed with extended multiplicative
scatter correction, and the phosphorus content was modelled using a partial least squares (PLS) regression model. The
PLS regression yielded robust predictions of surface phosphorus content with a coefficient of determination, R2, between
0.8 and 0.9 on validation data regardless of whether the flame retardant chemical had been applied to the surface of the
wood or pressure-impregnated into it. The result from the study indicates that spectral imaging around the 2400–2531 nm
wavelength region is favourable for quantifying the amount of phosphorus-based flame retardant contained in the
outermost layer of non-coated wooden claddings. The results also reveal that the uptake of phosphorus-based flame
retardant does not occur uniformly throughout the wood surface, but is to a larger extent concentrated in the earlywood
regions than in the latewood.
АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСА «ГОТОВ К ТРУДУ И ОБОРОНЕ» НА ПРИМЕРЕ СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА
Authors: Gladkikh Artem Stanislavovich , Davydov Sergei Alekseevich , Nerubalskaya Elena Viktorovna , Nerubalskaya Elena Viktorovna
Published: February 2018

Согласно плану мероприятий, по этапному внедрению Всероссийского физкультурно-спортивного комплекса «Готов к труду и обороне» (ВСФК ГТО), утвержденным распоряжением Правительства РФ от тридцатого июня 2014 года, комплекс ГТО с 2016 года должен быть внедрен среди обучающихся всех образовательных организаций страны. Анализ сложившейся ситуации показывает, что проблема заключается в недостатке научно обоснованных сведений о содержании комплекса для сдачи студентам нормативов «Готов к труду и обороне» (ГТО).Целью исследования является провидения эксперимента для проверки знаний студентов содержания комплекса ГТО в целях подготовки к сдаче норм ГТО на основе актуализации педагогического и оздоровительного потенциала высшего учебного заведения (ВУЗа). В данной статье рассматриваются результаты обработки анкеты.Основной целью исследования являлось изучение мнения о степени подготовки студентов Волгоградского государственного технического университета (ВолгГТУ) к сдаче комплекса «Готов к труду и обороне».
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА МОДЕЛЕЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫМ ПРОЦЕССОМ ПОДГОТОВКИ БАКАЛАВРОВ-МЕНЕДЖЕРОВ В ОПЫТНО-ПОИСКОВОЙ РАБОТЕ
Authors: Usinin Maxim Valerievich
Published: February 2018

Цель. В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема, заключающаяся в разрешении противоречия между существующими моделями организации педагогического управления образовательным процессом вуза и недостаточной теоретико-методологической разработанностью аспектов, обеспечивающих его эффективность. Предметом исследования является эффективность педагогического управления на основе совокупности моделей, реализуемых в комплексе педагогических условий. Уровень сформированности организационно-управленческой компетентности бакалавра-менеджера выступает как индикатор качества педагогического управления образовательно-профессиональным процессом, обеспечивающий опережающее образование выпускников. Цель работы: верификация гипотезы об эффективности педагогического управления образовательно-профессиональным процессом подготовки бакалавров-менеджеров на основе совокупности моделей.Метод или методология проведения работы. В качестве основы исследования используются теоретический анализ, методология системно-деятельностного подхода, компетентностно-контекстного подхода и проектного подхода, опытно-поисковая работа в совокупности методов: анкетирования, педагогического эксперимента, экспертной оценки, статистической обработки данных.Результаты. Подтверждена гипотеза о том, что совокупность моделей (организационно-управленческой компетентности бакалавра-менеджера; организационной структуры педагогического управления; технологической практико-ориентированной модели продуктивного взаимодействия с внешней и внутренней средой) обладает потенциалом опережающего развития, который может быть эффективно реализован в комплексе педагогических условий: – повышение уровня развития организационно-управленческой компетентности руководителей образования; – выстраивание непрерывной учебно-проектной деятельности на основе учета индивидуального темпа усвоения и повышающегося уровня интеграции, при использовании проектно-рефлексивных заданий, отражающих выполнение профессиональных функций менеджера; – применение для всех субъектов и объектов управления единой системы оценивания, максимально приближающей полезный результат обучения к целям будущей профессиональной деятельности.Область применения результатов. Использование выводов и результатов исследования в практике педагогического управления будет способствовать эффективному формированию способности и готовности будущих менеджеров к организационно-управленческой деятельности.
ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-КОММУНИКАТИВНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СТАРШИХ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Sklezneva Irina Vasilievna
Published: February 2018

В статье рассмотрены вопросы создания условий для формирования игры с правилами у детей дошкольного возраста и роль игры с правилами в социально-коммуникативном развитии старших дошкольников.Цель. Статья посвящена работе педагога-психолога по психолого-педагогическому сопровождению социально-коммуникативное развития старших дошкольников в условиях дошкольной образовательной деятельности, в том числе развитию старших дошкольников в игре с правилами.Методы и методология проведения работы. Построенное в соответствии с культурноисторическим подходом к исследованию детского развития исследование проведено на основе наблюдение за свободной игрой старших дошкольников и формирующего эксперимента.Результаты. Результаты работы состоят в том, что определены особенности психолого-педагогического сопровождения социально-коммуникативного развития в разных видах деятельности, в т. ч. в игре с правилами, которое предполагает: консультирование воспитателей в вопросах успешного развития детей во всех видах деятельности; работу с воспитателями по поводу организации предметной игровой среды; диагностическую работу с целью организации непосредственно развивающей работы, направленной на социально-коммуникативное развитие.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в деятельности педагога-психолога дошкольного образования.
РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ НОРМЫ КАК ЛИЧНОСТНЫЕ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ СУБЪЕКТИВНОГО РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО ОПЫТА
Authors: Bulanova Irina Sergeevna
Published: February 2018

В статье представлено качественное исследование содержания религиозных норм как личностных репрезентаций субъективного религиозного опыта. Во введении описана актуальность исследования религиозных норм как вида социальных норм. Представлены теоретические положения, касающиеся психологического содержания данного феномена. Рабочее определение религиозных норм основано на социо-когнитивном подходе, согласно которому социальные нормы изучается как репрезентации правильного поведения или суждений, основанные на субъективном опыте. В качестве метода эмпирического исследования содержания религиозных норм использовался метод репертуарных решеток Д. Келли. В качестве метода обработки данных был использован метод сетевого тематического анализа. В результате проведенного исследования были получены виды религиозных норм: религиозная норма интернальности / экстернальности, религиозная норма социальной изолированности / открытости, религиозная норма альтруизма / эгоизма, религиозная норма свободы / фундаментализма. Представленные нормы приложимы к оцениванию различных элементов социальной и личной активности человека и регулируют эту активность. В индивидуальном сознании представленные религиозные нормы порождают неоспаримый набор критериев для различения «правильного» и «неправильного» поведения в различных социальных сферах жизни.
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО КОНФЛИКТА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: Serebrovskaya Evgenevna Natalia
Published: February 2018

В статье рассмотрен вопрос, связанный с изучением сущности феномена экономического конфликта в современном обществе с точки зрения его социально-психологической составляющей.Поставлена цель проанализировать социальный аспект экономического конфликта, определить его содержание и возможности применения метода функционального и структурного моделирования как метода системного исследования его роли.В статье проанализированы существующие теоретические подходы к изучению содержания экономического конфликт, сформулированы задачи социологии при анализе содержания экономического конфликта.С использованием метода моделирования разработаны и представлены функциональная и структурная модели экономического конфликта.Обоснована актуальность и необходимость применения моделей при изучении социального аспекта в ходе выявления сущности и анализе социально-экономических явлений современного общества.Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере социально-экономического анализа и прогнозирования общественных явлений.
The Possibility of Using the Sodium-Fluoride, 18F at Non-Neoplastic Lesions of Bone Tissue (Experimental Study)
Authors: Костеников Н. , Kostenikov N. , Миролюбова О. , Mirolyubova O. , Дубровская В. , Dubrovskaya V. , Клестова О. , Klestova O. , Кованько Е. , Kovan'ko E. , Изотова Н. , Izotova N. , Илющенко Ю. , Ilyuschenko Yu. , Станжевский А. , Stanzhevskiy A.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To study the possibility of using radiopharmaceutical (RPH) Sodium fluoride, 18F (Na18F) in order to identify the characteristics and dynamics of the development process for a number of non-neoplastic lesions in bone tissue such as fractures and osteoporosis in experimental animals by the method of positron emission tomography (PET).

Material and methods: Two experimental models of pathology of bone tissue in rats were used: fracture and osteoporosis.

The model of osteoporosis was created by intraperitoneal introduction of hydrocortisone during 3 weeks. The study was conducted in 22 days from the onset of the agent introduction. In areas of the chest and sacral sections of the spinal cord in experimental and intact animals we detected the value of uptake of Na18F, as well as indices of tissue density with data of X-ray CT.

In the model of fracture of bones injury struck in the pre-anesthetized rats in the region of the shin. Animals were examined starting from the 3rd day up to the 30th day after the fracture by PET and PET/CT. We detected the value of uptake, the dynamics of Na18F accumulation, as well as indices of densitometry and signs of callus formation with CT examination.

Results: In rats with osteoporosis compared with intact animals observed a 2,5-fold decrease of the bone tissue density in X-ray, whereas the level of metabolic activity in the bones of the PET scan with Na18F was 5.6 times lower than in healthy rats. Therefore, differences in the level of capture of the radiopharmaceutical in PET were significantly more important compared to the ratio of the values of the X-ray of the bone tissue density, determined by CT.

In experiments with shin fracture was noted hyperfixation and increasing rate of Na18F accumulation on PET-scans since the 9th and 30th day from the start of the experiment. It reflects a process of enhancing the metabolism in the injured area. At the same time, a significant increase of densitometric density and visualisation of callus formation in the fracture by CT were detected 3 weeks later, – only by the 30th day after trauma.

Conclusion: The use of Na18F in positron-emission tomography enables to diagnose more early and accurate the nature (osteoporosis) and intensity of processes of the restoration (fracture) in the injured bone tissue as compared to results of computed tomography.
Monitoring of Water Quality’s Ecological Status in Tolich River in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Нгуен Динь Дап , Nguen Din' Dap , Волшаник В. , Volshanik V. , Джумагулова Н. , Dzhumagulova N.
Published: February 2018

The results of instrumental studies for water pollution in many water bodies, and in the Tolich river — the principal river of Hanoi, capital of Vietnam — have been presented. The main part of pollution comes to water bodies through the city’s drain network, and directly through the urban areas’ relief. The data on devices and methods for assessment of quantitative and qualitative composition of Tolich river’s water has been presented. The main dangerous sources of river’s pollution are biological oxygen demand (more than 2.79 MPC), chemical oxygen demand (more than 3.29 MPC), ammonium nitrogen (more than 50 MPC), petroleum products (more than 20 MPC), phosphates (up to 10 MPC), and other substances. Has been presented data on quantitative composition of pollution from different branches of industry. Has been drawn a conclusion of need to create and carry out the State monitoring of water environment and coastal zones, and to introduce systems for artificial water aeration in water bodies to improve water’s self-cleaning ability.
Ecological and Economic Assessment of Air Pollution as a Result of Fires at Irkutsk Region’s Technosphere Facilities
Authors: Гармышев В. , Garmyshev V.
Published: February 2018

On the example of Russia’s Irkutsk region the problem of air basin pollution as a result of fires in technosphere objects is considered. Has been proved the necessity for assessment of air pollution as a result of fires, and importance of such assessment has been demonstrated. It has been noted that the ecological assessment of air pollution from fires, which are the sources of pollution, previously had not been calculated at regional level. The method for phased determination of burnt materials’ quantitative and qualitative characteristics has been proposed. As a result of fires effects monitoring in 2000–2015 have been determined average values of burnt materials’ mass. Taking into account specific indicators for the toxicants emission during combustion of different groups of materials, have been determined mass values for priority products of combustion, that has allowed perform subsequently the ecological and economic assessment of air pollution from fires in the region. It has been established that every year in the Irkutsk region the ecological and economic damage from air pollution by combustion products was on the average 5,73 million rubles.
Directions for the Introduction of the Concept of Technological Education
Authors: Цветкова М. , Tsvetkova Marina
Published: February 2018

Comparison of legal formal materials and the actual directions of development of technological education, which is determined by objective processes of innovative development of economy are refl ected in the needs of innovative technological training for the jobs of the future. All this aff ects the content of the subject Technology in school and requires to identify ways of modernization of techniques of teaching the subject in the solution of the tasks set in the Concept of technological education taking into account the specifi cs of the technosphere in the Russian Federation and the integration of schools and colleges and additional education of children.
Removal of Certain Heavy Metals from Brewery Wastewater Using Date Palm Seeds Activated Carbon
Authors: Nwakonobi Theresa Ukamaka , Onoja Samuel Baba , Ogbaje Hope
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In Nigeria, most of the brewery industries discharge their wastewater directly into the water body without adequate treatment. Wastewater from the brewery processes contains some heavy metals which in this study, attempts were made to reduce their concentration using activated carbon. Batch studies were carried out using date palm seeds activated carbon in the removal of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) ion from industrial wastewater under conditions such as contact time and adsorbent dosage. Pb and Cr concentration in the wastewater were brought within World Health Organization (WHO) maximum limit of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L for water, respectively, at 60 min of contact time across all the considered adsorbent doses of 10×103, 20×103, 30×103, and 40×103 mg/L while Cd concentration was brought within the WHO maximum limit of 0.003 mg/L at 80 min of contact time using 30×103 mg/L of the adsorbent. The sorption data fitted well into Langmuir isotherm which was very suitable for describing the sorption equilibrium with high regression values (>0.98). This study showed that date palm seeds activated carbon is suitable for the adsorption of Pb, Cr, and Cd, and as such could be used as a cost effective adsorbent in the treatment of brewery and other industrial wastewater. Keywords: Activated carbon, Adsorbent dose, Adsorption, Brewery wastewater, Contact time, Date palm seeds, Heavy metals.
Performance of Screening Biomass Feedstocks Using Star and Deck Screen Machines
Authors: Woo Heesung , Han Han-Sup
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The most commonly traded forms of biomass energy feedstock are chipped (wood chips) and ground (hog fuel) materials. Of these two feedstocks, particle size distribution is one of the key characteristics that affect efficient feedstock handling and biomass conversion. This paper compares productivity and effectiveness of star screener and deck screeners in separating chipped and ground material. Both machines were set up to separate feedstock into three different size categories: unders (<10 mm), accepts (10-51 mm), and overs (>51 mm). Results from the study indicated that the star screener (62.61 and 50.95 tons/h) was more productive than the deck screener (26.80 and 15.63 tons/h) when separating wood chips and hog fuel. Also, there was additional cost to apply screening systems to distribute the size of the materials; $3.53/ton and $6.05/ton for deck screen with wood chips and hog fuel and $1.61/ton and $1.98/ton for star screen with wood chips and hog fuel. For size distribution of screened materials, the 13-mm size materials had the highest portion of the accept size class, and the 25-mm size materials were primarily found in the oversize class, and pan size materials (e.g., sawdust) had the highest portion of the under size class. The feedstock materials screened using star and deck screening machines still had size variations exceeding over or under sizes in the under, accept, and over size classes. To improve the quality of screened materials, definitions of the size (under, accept, and over) should to be further refined. Keywords: Biomass feedstock, Deck screen, Hog fuel, Size distribution, Star screen, Wood chips.
SOBERANÍA, GOBERNANZA GLOBAL Y MEGA-REGIONALISMOS: PERSPECTIVAS LATINOAMERICANAS
Authors: Contipelli Ernani
Published: February 2018

El presente articulo tiene como finalidad discutir la relación entre soberanía y gobernanza global, señalando la importancia de los procesos de integración regional, en especial, con los denominados mega-regionalismos desde la perspectiva Latinoamericana. Así, en la primera parte, investigamos la influencia del proceso de globalización en la esfera de soberanía de los Estados-nación y la consecuente necesidad de institucionalización de un sistema de gobernanza global. Posteriormente, ingresamos en el estudios de los mega-regionalismos, analizando su concepto y las principales iniciativas impulsadas por China y los EEUU para la implementación de tal modelo de gobernanza. Por fin, constatamos las perspectivas latinoamericanas de formación de un mega-bloque regional a partir del proceso de transformación político-ideológico del Mercosur y de creación de la Alianza Pacífica, así como las posibles negociaciones realizadas por ambos para formación de una grande coalición regional.
OS OBJETIVOS DA TRIBUTAÇÃO: A INTERPRETAÇÃO LIBERAL E A INTERPRETAÇÃO SOCIAL DA PROPRIEDADE PRIVADA
Authors: Leão Celina , Frias Lincoln
Published: February 2018

A cobrança de tributos deve ser utilizada para outras funções além da simples arrecadação de recursos para sustentar o Estado? Usando a revisão de literatura e a análise conceitual, este artigo expõe e compara as interpretações liberal e social da propriedade privada, incluindo uma análise da legislação brasileira e dos princípios da capacidade contributiva e da função social da propriedade. Enquanto a interpretação liberal trata a propriedade como um direito natural que exige que a tributação não altere a distribuição pré-tributária do patrimônio, a interpretação social defende que, por ser uma convenção jurídica, a propriedade privada legalmente protegida é a pós-tributária. Isso significa que o Estado pode usar a tributação para buscar determinados objetivos sociais, tais como estimular o crescimento econômico ou evitar a concentração excessiva de patrimônio, conforme previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988.
DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA: UMA CRÍTICA QUANTO AO SEU SIGNIFICADO EM TEMPOS LÍQUIDOS
Authors: Zambam Neuro José , Aquino Sérgio Ricardo Fernandes de
Published: February 2018

A Dignidade da Pessoa Humana é o eixo no qual se busca o aperfeiçoamento de nossas responsabilidades comuns que surgem pelas relações humanas no decorrer do tempo contando com as contingências próprias de cada época. No entanto, todas essas condições se tornam mais e mais vazias de sentido para ratificar um projeto civilizatório atualmente caracterizado pelo desprezo e a indiferença ao humano. Por esse motivo, indica-se a função da Crítica para averiguar o distanciamento do significado da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana e a sua vivência diária por meio das categorias Tempo, Relações Humanas e Responsabilidade. O objetivo geral deste estudo é determinar a importância da crítica quanto à perda de significado da Dignidade em tempos líquidos. O método escolhido para a fase de investigação e elaboração deste texto é o Indutivo. Ao final, verifica-se que quanto maior for a indiferença sobre as relações humanas a partir daquilo que enuncia os novos tempos, especialmente em relação às desigualdades sociais e econômicas, maior será a sua liquidez, especialmente nas atitudes responsáveis que mitigam as misérias e desigualdades humanas.
GLOBALIZAÇÃO E RISCOS AMBIENTAIS E ECOLÓGICOS: CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA SOCIEDADE MODERNA
Authors: Carvalho Sonia Aparecida de , Sobrinho Liton Lanes Pilau , Zibetti Fabiola Wust
Published: February 2018

O objetivo geral do artigo propõe investigar os processos da globalização e os riscos ambientais e ecológicos como consequências da sociedade moderna, no âmbito local e global. Os objetivos específicos do artigo propõem pesquisar o desenvolvimento dos riscos ambientais, ecológicos, sociais, econômicos e políticos e os efeitos causados no ser humano e no meio ambiente; estudar os riscos ambientais e ecológicos como consequências da ação humana, da atividade industrial e da modernidade e; analisar os efeitos colaterais globais dos riscos e da globalização e a ausência do poder soberano do Estado-nação. Na investigação do artigo, adotou-se o método indutivo, instrumentalizado com as técnicas do referente, da categoria, do conceito operacional e da pesquisa bibliográfica.
O MEDO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE LEGITIMAÇÃO DA ATUAÇÃO REPRESSIVA DO ESTADO
Authors: Cardematori Daniela Mesquita Leutchuk de , Luz Marlise da Rosa
Published: February 2018

As cidades contemporâneas vivenciam uma realidade que é reproduzida pela mídia como um espaço em constante situação de emergência, um cenário de constante risco e caos, de desordem e onde a insegurança tomou conta pela eclosão da violência. Com base nessa premissa, a abordagem do presente trabalho inclui uma breve contextualização de cultura do medo, sua origem etimológica e formas de manifestação. A seguir, analisa-se como o medo, ao corromper o senso comum, torna propícia a dominação pela manipulação do imaginário, podendo servir como instrumento de legitimação de métodos estatais criminalizadores e repressivos. Ao fim, apresentam-se exemplos no âmbito do legislativo brasileiro, de medidas formalistas e de natureza autoritária do Estado, especialmente a partir das mobilizações sociais de rua, desde 2013. O estudo adota o método teórico-dedutivo, a partir de levantamentos bibliográficos, artigos e trabalhos específicos, com a finalidade de subsidiar pesquisas e estudos supervenientes sobre o tema.
O E-COMMERCE COMO POTENCIALIZADOR DA INSUSTENTÁVEL CULTURA DO CONSUMO NA SOCIEDADE TECNOLÓGICA: UM DESAFIO SOCIAMBIENTAL
Authors: Hecktheuer Pedro Abib , Pignaneli Guilherme da Costa Ferreira , Hecktheuer Marcia Abib
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender se o comércio eletrônico (e-commerce) se apresenta como um potencializador da cultura do consumo na sociedade contemporânea, bem como avaliar a viabilidade dessa formatação social sob o aspecto socioambiental, por meio do método bibliográfico-dedutivo, para o fim de conseguir compreender os reais efeitos da convergência da tecnologia e da informação na sociedade pós-moderna. Para tanto, foram analisados os pontos de ligação entre as sociedades de consumo e a informacional (tecnológica), da mesma forma, abordou-se o surgimento dessa ideia de cultura do consumo, para posteriormente apresentar o comércio eletrônico e as suas formas de potencializar a cultura do consumo, por meio de um modelo de marketing diferenciado, que estimula o consumismo. Por fim, compreendeu-se sobre a insustentabilidade socioambiental desse modelo social e a necessidade de conscientização sobre o consumo, carecendo de uma participação Estatal nessa educação para o consumo consciente como forma de viabilizar a compatibilidade das futuras gerações na terra.
Patchwork!
Authors: Gerasimov Grigory A.
Published: February 2018

В своей регулярной колонке автор обсуждает опыт стран региона Восточной и Южной Европы и Центральной Азии в аспекте принятия проекта федерального закона “О внесении изменений в статью 15 Федерального закона «О качестве и безопасности пищевых продуктов»”, который сейчас находится на рассмотрении в российских органах власти. Эти изменения устанавливают некоторые обязательные требования к производству, торговле и использованию йодированной соли в хлебопекарной промышленности. Если в изначальном виде проект закона предлагал комплекс рациональных мер по профилактике йодного дефицита, то пересмотренный вариант ограничивает обязательное использование йодированной соли только организациями общественного питания, доступными для сравнительно небольшого сегмента населения России. При этом без внимания остаются большие группы населения, проживающие в сельской местности, беременные и кормящие женщины, а также население с низким и средним уровнем доходов. Принятие закона в теперешнем виде создаст ложное представление, что меры приняты. А на самом деле мало что изменится.
Die Sprache der Befreiung
Authors: Oloff Aline
Published: February 2018

Die weiße Frauenbewegung in Frankreich ist geprägt von einer Sprachlosigkeit, die vor allem Rassismus und die auf die Gegenwart ausstrahlende koloniale Vergangenheit betrifft - eine Sprachlosigkeit, die sich in der aktuellen Identitätskrise der postkolonialen Gesellschaft als fatal erweist. Aline Oloff rekonstruiert anhand von Zeugnissen der Frauenbewegung, in erster Linie Bewegungszeitschriften und grauer Literatur, den feministischen Gerechtigkeitsdiskurs seit den frühen 1970er Jahren und zeichnet die Sprachlosigkeit nach. Ihre Untersuchung liefert einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Dezentrierung des weißen Feminismus und lädt dazu ein, die hiesigen Debatten um Rassismus und Sexismus neu zu reflektieren.
Schreiben in der Kunst
Authors: Wagner Dorothee
Published: February 2018

Kaum ein Beitrag zur Minimal und Conceptual Art kommt ohne die Referenz zu den Texten ihrer Künstlerinnen und Künstler aus. Welchen Einfluss hat jedoch die Position des Verfassers oder der Verfasserin auf das Schreiben und die Lektüre? Ausgehend von Fragestellungen aus der Kunst- und Literaturtheorie zeigt Dorothee Wagner, dass Künstlerinnen und Künstler wie Ad Reinhardt, Robert Morris, Donald Judd, Sol LeWitt, Joseph Kosuth, Dan Flavin, Dan Graham, Yvonne Rainer und Robert Smithson sich auf jeweils unterschiedliche Weise dem Schreiben und Veröffentlichen bedienten: Die Re-Lektüre dieser Texte erlaubt dabei einen Zugang zum Schreiben als künstlerische Strategie wie auch zu Künstlerschriften als Quelle und Material im Allgemeinen.
Alvin Langdon Coburn
Authors: Hauswald Cathrin
Published: February 2018

Alvin Langdon Coburn ist der erste Künstler, der 1916 von »abstrakter Photographie« schreibt und sie auch ästhetisch umsetzt. Und das, obwohl er selbst der piktorialistischen Strömung, der stimmungsvollen Kunstphotographie, angehört. Anhand von Coburns Wirken als zentrale Figur des epistemisch-ästhetischen Umbruchs in der Zeit der Jahrhundertwende verdeutlicht Cathrin Hauswald eindrucksvoll die Entwicklung der Photographie vom 19. Jahrhundert in die Moderne. Sie zeigt: Während Coburn die Beben des technologischen und photographischen Fortschritts aufzeichnet und gleichsam gestaltet, inszeniert sich der Kunstphotograph selbst als ambivalentes und geradezu antimodernes Element seines photographischen Schaffens, dessen Ziel stets die eigene Nobilitierung bleibt.
Structure Modification of Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate Isolated from Kaempferia galanga Linn. and Citotoxicity Assay of The Products on WiDr Cells
Authors: Ekowati Juni , Rudyanto Marcellino , Sasaki Shigeru , Budiati Tutuk , - Sukardiman , Hermawan Adam , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, major ingredient of Kaempferia galanga rhizome, have been reported not only has analgesic – anti inflammatory activities like NSAIDs which inhibited cyclooxygenase, but also inhibit tumor cell proliferation in specimen of mouse epidermis. Therefore, it will be interesting to carry out synthetic studies on the derivates of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate and searching their citotoxic activity on WiDr cell. We wish to report of structure modification on carboxyl moiety of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate  and  evaluation on their citotoxic activity  on WiDr cell. Isolation of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate from Kaempferia galanga rhizome was carried out by percolation with ethanol 96% as solvent. Hydrolysis of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate in basic condition was performed to obtain p-methoxycinnamic acid. Preparation of some thiourea derivates of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate was carried out  by microwave irradiation. Citotoxicity assay was carried out by MTT method for 48 h.Modification of carboxyl group of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate to its thiourea form could be carried out by microwave irradiation gave; (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(phenylcarba- mothioyl)acrylamide (50%); (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenylcarbamothi- oyl)acrylamide (26%) and (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methylphenylcarbamothioyl) acrylamide (54%), yield calculated for 2 step from the acid chloride. All compounds showed no citotoxic effect on WiDr cell at 48 h incubation.Keywords :  ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, microwave irradiation, Kaempferia galanga, citotoxicity, WiDr cell
Antioxidant Activity of Garcinia cf bancana Miq
Authors: Hartati Sri , Triyem Triyem , Cahyana Herry
Published: February 2018

Guttiferron F and essential oil were isolated from extract n-hexane of Garcinia cf bancana Miq. Antioxidant activity was done by DPPH method to  n-hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extracts and Guttiferron F, showed activity with IC50  24.5, 22.4, 29.2, 37.6 and 25.8 µg/mL respectively. The structure elucidation of Guttiferon F  based on spectroscopy data of IR, NMR of 1H and 13C.Keywords: Antioxidant, Garcinia  cf bancana Miq., Essential oil and  Guttiferon-F.
In Vitro Anti-Cancer Alkaloid and Flavonoid Extracted from the Erythrina variegata (Leguminoseae) Plant
Authors: Herlina Tati , Supratman Unang , Subarnas Anas , Sutardjo Supriyatna , Amien Suseno , Hayashi Hideo
Published: February 2018

Erythrina plants, locally known as “dadap ayam”, are higher plant species and have been used as a folk medicine for treatment of cancer. To prove the effectiveness of the leaves and stem bark of E. variegata as an anti-cancer agent, the assay in this research was focused on in vitro test towards breast cancer cell T47D. In the course of our continuing search for novel anti-cancer agent from Erythrina plants, the methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark of E. variegata showed significant anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cell T47D in vitro using the Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. By using the anti-cancer activity to follow the separations, the methanol extract was separated by combination of column chromatography. The chemical structure of an anti-cancer compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with the previously reported and identified as an erythrina alkaloid (1) and isoflavonoid (2). Compounds (1-2) showed anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cell T47D used with IC50 of  1.0 and 3.3 µg/mL, respectively. This results strongly suggested that E. variegata is promising sources for anti-cancer agents. Keywords: Anti-cancer, Erythrina variegata, Leguminoseae
Antiproliferative Effect and Apoptosis Induced in Human Cell Lines by Bruguiera gymnorhiza Barks Methanol Extract
Authors: Warsinah Warsinah , Sismindari Sismindari , Susidarti Ratna Asmah
Published: February 2018

The Antiproliferative effects of methanol extract from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (B. gymnorhiza) barks were tested in vitro against three human cell lines: Hela, Raji and Myeloma cells. The extract was found to have antiproliferative effects against Hela, Raji and Myeloma cells with an IC50 value of 133, 504 and 384 µg/mL, respectively. The antiproliferative test was then performed on Hela, Raji, and Myeloma cells. Cytotoxicity assay of the extract was then determined using MTT method. There were some indications of apoptosis, such DNA fragmentation, as assessed by acrydine orange- ethidium bromide staining. These results indicate that extract from B. gymnorhiza barks can induce apoptosis in human cell lines.Keywords: Antiproliferative, Apoptosis, B. gymnorhiza
Ficus septica Burm. f. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Triggered Apoptosis on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis Qualitatively
Authors: Anindyajati Anindyajati , Darma Andita Pra , Nurjizah Ika , Septhea Dita Brenna , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: February 2018

Ficus septica Burm. f. ethanolic extract (FEE) shows cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines. Our research aimed to investigate the effect of FEE on apoptosis induction and p53 expression against carcinogenesis of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary.The research was conducted by comparing both apoptosis induction and p53 expression in DMBA-induced rats that were treated with FEE against control groups. Cells that undergo apoptosis were visualized by Double Staining method with acridine orange and ethidium bromide, while p53 expression was detected by IHC staining. Double staining results showed increased occurrence of apoptotic cells compared to the control groups. IHC staining of p53 did not show significant difference between treatment and control groups. However, FEE was able to repair morphology of cells undergoing carcinogenesis. Thus, we conclude that FEE has an anti-carcinogenic activity on DMBA-induced rat mammary through apoptosis induction without affecting p53 expression. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of Ficus Septica leaves is a potential chemo-preventive agent on breast cancer. Further study on its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords: Ficus septica, breast cancer, 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, p53
Antiproliferative Effect of Chloroform Extract of Cangkring Leaves (Erythrina fusca Lour.) and Its Isolates against HeLa Cells
Authors: Puspitasari Endah , Setyowati Endah Dwi , Dhiani Binar Asrining , Riyanto Sugeng
Published: February 2018

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer possessing the 3rd highest incidence among women worldwide. Today’s therapies against cancer are still ineffective, thus people are seeking for alternative method. Erythrina fusca Lour. has been used traditionally as anticancer. This experiment is conducted to study the ability of chloroform extract of E. fusca Lour. leaves and its isolates on HeLa cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity assay and doubling time assay were done using direct counting method, while the DNA staining assay was done using acrydine orange. The chloroform extract and isolate # 30 showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 16 and 5 µg/ml, respectively, while isolate # 2 and isolate # 8 didn’t. The effluent # 30 could not affect HeLa cells growth at the given concentration, but it might promote DNA fragmentation indicating apoptosis induction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still need to be further explored.Keywords: Erythrina fusca Lour., isolate and effluent of chloroform extract, antiproliferative, cervical cancer
Antiproliferative Effect of Ethanolic Extract Eugenia uniflora Lam. Leaves on T47D Cells
Authors: Ismiyati Nur , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Kusumastuti Siska Andrina , Febriansyah Rifki
Published: February 2018

Eugenia uniflora Lam. is one of herbal products developed for anticancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the antiproliferative effect of ethanolic extract of Eugenia Uniflora Lam. leaves (EEU) on breast cancer cell line T47D. This Research was initiated by extracting the active contents of Eugenia uniflora Lam. leaves by maceration with ethanol 96%. The extract was then analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cytotoxic assay of EEU was carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis phenomenon was observed with double staining using acridine orange-ethidium bromide. EEU showed cytotoxic effect on T47D cells with IC50 value of 65 µg/ml. Moreover, EEU 50µg/ml and 100µg/ml induced apoptosis. TLC examination showed that EEU used in this study contain phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin compounds which were suggested to be responsible for antiproliferative effect. Further molecular mechanism underlying EEU antiproliferative effect needs to be done.Keywords: Eugenia uniflora Lam., T47D cells, antiproliferative, apoptosis
Ursolic Acid Enhances Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity on MCF-7 Cells Mediated by G2/M Arrest
Authors: Arifin Ibrahim , Hermawan Adam , Ikawati Muthi' , Haryanti Sari , Anindyajati Anindyajati , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

Ursolic acid has been widely known to possess biological activity against numerous tumor cell lines. Previous studies revealed its cytotoxicity on several cancer cells in vitro by either inducing apoptosis or cell cycle modulation. This study was conducted to investigate ursolic acid’s cytotoxicity solely and in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, followed by observation on its mechanism. Cytotoxicity of single and combinational treatment of ursolic acid and doxorubicin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were conducted by using MTT assay. Single treatment was then evaluated by determining IC50 value, while combinational treatment was evaluated by analyzing cell viability and evaluating combination index (CI). To explore the mechanism underlying cytotoxic effect on respected cells, further analysis on cell cycle profile of single and combinational treatment was conducted by flow cytometry. Twenty four hours treatment of ursolic acid inhibited MCF-7 cells’ growth with IC50 value of 37 µM, while combinational treatment showed that several concentration combinations of ursolic acid and doxorubicin exhibited synergism of cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells, giving optimum CI value of 0.54. Flow cytometric analysis showed that combinational treatment induced G2/M arrest in MCF-7 cells. These results show that ursolic acid is promising to be developed as either single chemopreventive agent, or as doxorubicin’s co-chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment. Observation on the selectivity as part of safety aspect together with in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study on its molecular mechanism should be conducted.Keywords: ursolic acid, doxorubicin,co-chemotherapeutic agent, breast cancer, cell cycle
Aristotle on the Truth About Practical Ends
Authors: Olfert Christiana Megan Meyvis
Published: February 2018

Aristotle holds that rational agents can think true thoughts about their practical ends. Specifically, we can think true thoughts about whether our ends are good and able to be brought about in action. But what makes these thoughts true? What sort of thing is a practical end, such that it both is good, and also may be brought about in the future? These questions are difficult to answer. They are metaphysical questions about Aristotle’s practical philosophy: they ask what practical ends are, such that they can make true certain parts of our practical thinking. What is more, key claims in Aristotle’s account of rational agency seem to make it impossible for thoughts about our practical ends to ever, in fact, be true. Given the ways in which we think about our ends, there seems to be nothing in the world to which these thoughts truthfully correspond. In this paper, I identify and solve two puzzles for Aristotle’s claim that we can think true thoughts about our practical ends. These puzzles have not been discussed in recent literature, but they have potentially wide-reaching consequences for Aristotle’s account of rational agency and motivation. My solution offers a novel account of the metaphysics of practical ends, which explains how these ends can be truth-makers for our thoughts about them. I argue that we should understand practical ends on the model of first actualities, which are also second potentialities. The idea that some actualities are also potentialities is a complicated one, but as I hope to show, it yields a straightforward and illuminating conception of practical ends. It also adds a crucial metaphysical component to Aristotle’s account of rational agency, one which shows how this account is internally consistent.
Higher D-lactate levels are associated with higher prevalence of small dense low-density lipoprotein in obese adolescents
Authors: Rodríguez-Mortera Reyna , Luevano-Contreras Claudia , Solorio-Meza Sergio , Caccavello Russell , Bains Yasmin , Garay-Sevilla Ma Eugenia , Gugliucci Alejandro
Published: February 2018

Background:

Childhood obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR), increased levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) as well as with augmented hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which implies increased triose phosphate fluxes that may lead to increased methylglyoxal (MG) and its catabolic end product D-lactate. We hypothesized that obese adolescents have increased D-lactate serum levels associated with high incidence of sd-LDL.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study where the anthropometric characteristics, atherogenic dyslipidemia complex, sd-LDL (Lipoprint, Quantimetrix) and D-lactate (kinetic enzymatic analysis) were explored in 30 lean vs. 30 obese adolescents (16 females and 14 males per group) without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD, by ultrasound) and arterial lesion by carotid intima media thickness (CIMT, by ultrasound) were also measured.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 16.8 ± 1.4 years. Obese adolescents had a body mass index of 32.7 ± 3.8 vs. 21.8 ± 2.1 in lean participants. The obesity group showed higher D-lactate levels: 6.2 ± 3.0 vs. 4.5 ± 2.5 μmol/L, higher levels of insulin: 15 (9.6–23.5) vs. 7.9 (6.5–10.5) μIU/mL; triglyceride (TG): 1.46 (1.1–1.8) vs. 0.84 (0.6–1.2) mmol/L; non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (NON-HDL-C): 2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 mmol/L; total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C) index: 2.9 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5; TG/HDL-C index: 2.2 (1.5–2.8) vs. 1.1 (0.8–1.8); %LDL-3: 4.2 ± 4.07 vs. 1.9 ± 2.7; smaller LDL size: 270.6 ± 3 vs. 272.2 ± 1.1 Å. D-lactate correlated positively with LDL-2: r = 0.44 and LDL-3 (sd-LDL): r = 0.49 and negatively with large LDL-1: r = −0.48 and LDL size: r = −0.46; (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Obese adolescents showed higher CIMT: 0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 0.46 ± 0.08 mm and lower FMD: 20.3% ± 6.7% vs. 26.0% ± 9.3%.

Conclusions:

Obese adolescents display subclinical signs of IR and endothelial dysfunction. Higher serum sd-LDL levels correlated positively with D-lactate levels. These findings suggest an association between atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and whole body MG fluxes already detectable in apparently healthy obese adolescents.
Properties related to linear and branched network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene
Authors: Ou Yapeng , Sun Yalun , Jiao Qingjie
Published: February 2018

The correlation between properties and the network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethanes (PUs) was studied through linear and branched structure polymer matrixes formed by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and an aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agent (N100). The curing reactions were monitored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscosity build-up. The swelling capacity of PUs decreased with the increase of crosslink density with a stable solubility parameter according to the equilibrium swelling test. Tensile properties of PUs cured by TDI and N100 in different stoichiometric ratios of NCO/OH groups were tested. Both breaking elongation and tensile strength were remarkably improved by N100. The thermal decomposition processes of HTPB/TDI and HTPB/N100 indicated that a branched structure has higher depolymerization temperature, and hence, improved thermal stability. In addition, PU with a branched network prevented the migration of the plasticizer during isothermal accelerated aging due to the higher crosslink density.
The AGO proteins: an overview
Authors: Niaz Saife
Published: February 2018

Small RNAs govern almost every biological process in eukaryotes associating with the Argonaute (AGO) proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (mRISC). AGO proteins constitute the core of RISCs with different members having variety of protein-binding partners and biochemical properties. This review focuses on the AGO subfamily of the AGOs that are ubiquitously expressed and are associated with small RNAs. The structure, function and role of the AGO proteins in the cell is discussed in detail.