bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genealogías teóricas del transnacionalismo migrante:
Authors: Guizardi Menara , Nazal Esteban
Published: October 2020

El artículo desarrolla un estado del arte de los debates clásicos de las ciencias sociales que inspiran a la perspectiva transnacional de las migraciones. Desde un abordaje antropológico, discutiremos la centralidad del Estado-nación como estructurante de las fronteras, identidades y procesos económico-políticos migrantes. Retomaremos las discusiones antropológicas de Clyde Mitchell sobre las redes sociales y las sociológicas de Pierre Bourdieu sobre el campo social. Finalmente, debatiremos los argumentos de la perspectiva transnacional, explicitando sus desenlaces argumentativos y proponiendo puntos críticos para una revisión del concepto.
Cognición y semántica espacial:
Authors: Lizarralde Contreras Diego , Salamanca Gutiérrez Gastón
Published: October 2020

El estudio del significado de las expresiones espaciales ha recibido amplia atención, particularmente desde perspectivas semántico-cognitivas (Talmy, 2000; Landau y Jackendoff, 1993) y, más recientemente, en investigaciones de orientación comparativa o tipológica (Levinson y Wilkins, 2006; Bowerman, 2007). En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como principales objetivos demostrar el carácter central del dominio espacial en la interfaz lenguaje-cognición y describir los lineamientos generales de una semántica espacial. La propuesta de Levinson (2003) sobre los sub-dominios que componen el dominio semántico del espacio ha permitido delimitar el alcance de la investigación que proponemos en relación con el rromané de los gitanos de Chile. Dicha investigación se centra en la descripción de los mecanismos de localización estática en esta lengua.
La epistemología racionalista crítica de Popper y la epistemología del sur de Boaventura de Souza Santos:
Authors: Vázquez Amancio
Published: October 2020

El artículo realiza una comparación crítica entre dos posturas epistemológicas claramente opuestas, las que al fundamentarse en cosmovisiones antagónicas entran en conflicto. Por un lado, la "Perspectiva Hegemónica" que encuentra su modalidad más acabada en la obra de Karl Popper, y por el otro, la "Perspectiva Alternativa" que se expresa en la obra de Boaventura de Souza Santos. El texto sostiene que el dominio en el que se dirimen sus fundamentos cognitivos es en mayor medida de orden político que epistemológico.
Migración y territorialidad:
Authors: Villalobos Martínez Alejandro , Sanhueza Henríquez Susan , Norambuena Carrasco Carmen
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo, tiene como propósitos examinar algunos aspectos teóricos y conceptuales que presenta la idea de territorio y territorialidad frente al tema de la migración como fenómeno multicausal, orientado a ver de qué forma los territorios se preparan educacionalmente frente a estos procesos migratorios. Nos centramos en analizar algunas características socio demográficas de la región del Maule en Chile, región agroindustrial con poco desarrollo económico a nivel nacional, pero que es una alternativa para la población migrante que percibe de Chile oportunidades de inserción. Claramente es la educación, en sociedades como la nuestra, el instrumento imprescindible para la construcción de sociedades más inclusivas y solidarias. Las reflexiones finales pretenden aportar con orientaciones para la construcción de modelos educativos interculturales, en un contexto de reconocimiento de las convenciones y tratados que resguardan los Derechos Humanos y, especialmente, los derechos de la infancia.
Riesgo, territorio e instituciones en la antropología de las catástrofes:
Authors: Calis Juan , Fuller Claudia , Lagos Vanesa , Díaz Crovetto Gonzalo
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo se basa en un análisis de documentos teóricos disponibles en español referidos a la antropología del desastre, con el objetivo de conocer de qué manera se han abordado los conceptos Riesgo, Territorio e Instituciones en dicho campo, a modo de aportar a la construcción de una perspectiva de este sub campo antropológico, discernir elementos teóricos significativos y establecer relaciones entre ellos.
Políticas sociales, inclusión y desigualdad:
Authors: Iucci Matías José
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se analizan las experiencias en perspectiva comparada de destinatarios de un programa social de economía social orientado al desarrollo de microemprendimientos. Se pretende con el análisis de estos casos extraer conclusiones sobre las relaciones entre política social, inclusión social de sus destinatarios y también sobre sus efectos en la desigualdad social.
Con el corazón, con la mente y con las manos:
Authors: Señorans Dolores
Published: October 2020

Este artículo se propone describir y analizar desde un enfoque etnográfico las emociones, valores y deseos que se ponen en juego en los relatos y prácticas de militantes y trabajadores de la economía popular en Argentina. Recuperando los aportes de la reflexión antropológica sobre la emoción buscaré analizar a las emociones como un “lenguaje”que involucra juicios morales en torno a lo deseable y lo justo permitiéndonos explorar la sustancia o el contenido de lo moral y lo político.
Estado de derecho deteriorado, interculturalidad y resistencia indígena
Authors: Azcona María Susana , Vázquez Héctor
Published: October 2020

Dentro de lo que Raúl Zaffaroni denomina estado deteriorado de derecho, los autores analizan los casos emblemáticos de Milagro Sala y del Pu Loft de Resistencia de Cushament y refieren a los procesos de interculturalidad y de resistencia indígena existente entre los mapuches de localidades de las provincias de Río Negro y Chubut y algunos rasgos autoritarios emergentes en la política indigenista de la actual administración nacional en el entramado de las relaciones interténicas existente en La Argentina
Pensar y repensarse. La comunidad urbana calfulafken ¿Un proceso de reconstrucción identitario?
Authors: Varisco Sofía
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir y analizar los procesos de revalorización étnica acaecido en los últimos tiempos en espacios urbanos, que mediante el aumento en la organización comienzan a buscar una mayor participación en espacios de decisión y autodeterminación. Como parte fundamental del trabajo abordaremos el caso de la Comunidad Calfulafken, situada en la localidad de Carhué, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que se encuentra en un proceso constitutivo de revalorización de su identidad étnica, en el contexto local. En este sentido, abordaremos el concepto Etnogénesis para ver su pertinencia en el caso analizado e intentaremos ver las particularidades del caso como así las generalidades que la engloban en un proceso más amplio y de larga data.
Mirta Geary. Basura y política. Los residuos en la ciudad de Rosario (1995- 2003)
Authors: Nogueira María Elena
Published: October 2020

-
Mercedes Botto. La integración Regional en América Latina: Quo vadis? El Mercosur desde una perspectiva sectorial y comparada
Authors: Frisch Agustina
Published: October 2020

-
Monetary equilibrium
Authors: Sánchez-Rivas García Javier , Pablo-Romero Gil-Delgado María del Pópulo , Expósito García Alfonso , Gómez-Calero Valdés Palma , Espinosa Goded María del Pilar
Published: October 2020

Didactic animation that shows the simultaneous balance of the goods and money markets, as well as the necessary graphics to explain the macroeconomic equilibrium.
Department of Economic Analysis and Political Economy.
Mapas dialectales 2. Mapa localidades
Authors: Cuadros Muñoz Roberto
Published: October 2020

Animación didáctica que trata sobre el ALEA. Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucía.
En este vídeo, concretamente, los investigadores Alvar, Llorente y Salvador, hacen un recorrido, a través de una red final de encuestas, por 230 localidades andaluzas.
Así, obtienen respuesta sobre el uso de los dialectos en los diferentes estratos socioculturales, como también encuentran las diferencias del habla entre hombres y mujeres.
Se describe igualmente, cómo el ALEA, sirvió de modelo para el resto de atlas regionales españoles.
Mapas dialectales 6. Mapa de eses andaluzas
Authors: Cuadros Muñoz Roberto
Published: October 2020

Animación didáctica que trata sobre el ALEA. Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucía.
En este vídeo, concretamente, se habla sobre la distribución de los distintos tipos de eses. Siendo tres los más representativos en extensión y uso: S apicoalveolar cóncava, S coronal plana y S predorsal convexa o S sevillana.
Mapas dialectales 7. Mapa aspiración de la H procedente de la F inicial latina
Authors: Cuadros Muñoz Roberto
Published: October 2020

Animación didáctica que trata sobre el ALEA. Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucía.
En este vídeo, concretamente, se habla sobre la aspiración de la H desde la F inicial latina, como fumu (humo), famine (hambre), femina (hembra), frente al español actual que pronuncia estas palabras sin aspiración.
Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East
Authors: Babana-Hampton Safoi
Published: October 2020

The fourteen case studies that compose this volume address the variousinstitutional, economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions of thedebate on gender and citizenship in the Middle East. Using a crossculturalcomparative approach, the theoretical introduction as well as theindividual case studies seek to challenge dominant (especially western)feminist models of analysis of the question of gender and citizenship in theMiddle East. The validity of dominant feminist paradigms is questioned byintroducing new social and cultural variables, and putting at stake anumber of traditionally unquestioned or unrecognized modes of identityformation, such as kinship, family, tribe, and sects, which critically affect awoman's citizenship status. The volume purports to contest essentializingmyths about the Middle East that artificially give it a character of regionalcoherence, and homogenize the image of Middle Eastern women as acategory. The volume thus theorizes the gendering of citizenship from thelargely unexplored perspectives that open up from introducing the abovevariables, toward a better understanding of the complex nature of the laws(religious, political, patriarchal and patrilineal) governing the constructionof a gendered citizenship in the Middle East.The theoretical introduction to the volume outlines the dynamics of anumber of points of departure that presumably underlie the writing of the"legal subject in the Middle East," namely nations, states, religion, family.The contributors seem to all concede that "most Middle Eastern states havecemented the linkage between religious identity, political identity,patrilineality, and patriarchy-that is, between religion, nation, state, andkinship." The Middle Eastern countries studied in the volume are dividedregionally into four areas: North Africa (including Egypt, Algeria, Tunisiaand Morocco); Eastern Arab States (including Lebanon, Palestine, Jordanand Iraq); the Arab Gulf (including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Yemen); theNon-Arab Middle East (including Turkey, Iran, and Jewish and PalestinianArab women in Israel). The authors of the various case studies conductedan exhaustive investigation of the related topics, albeit with a notabledifference of outlook varying between liberal individualistic and communitarianconservative positions.The methodological approach adopted by various contributors draws ...
Women, the State, and Political Liberalization
Authors: Ezzat Heba Raouf
Published: October 2020

By late 1987 a wave of political changes appeared to be underwayin the Middle East and North Africa. A number of Arab regimes,manifestly incapable of coping with growing problems of debt, unemployment,and corruption, took different measures towards more politicalparticipation. These countries witnessed political openings of various types,some more apparently significant than others but all promising changes thatwould lessen repression and open the way for greater political participation.In 1991 Laurie A. Brand started her project to study the effect of thosechanges on women in the region. She was also interested in studyingthe situation of women under the similar political and economictransformations that swept Eastern Europe in 1989-1990. While the lattercontinue to unfold, the openings that appeared in the Middle East and NorthAfrica have in virtually all cases been closed.Despite that, the author pursued her project on women and politicalliberalization to explore the significance of culture - Islam as theomnipresent independent variable in Middle East politics - as opposedto structure. She also investigated the assumption that vibrant women'sorganizations can be important precursors to more democratic development,to determine what such organizations do and how they relate to thestate, other political actors, and each other during such periods.Brand spotted some phenomena, such as the drop in the number ofwomen legislators in local and national assemblies, changes in labor lawsor their implementation at women's expense, and attempts to restrictwomen's personal or political rights - phenomena that have accompaniedmost of the "democratic'' transitions unfolding in the Middle East & NorthAfrica region (MENA) ...
Sharia and the Press in Nigeria
Authors: Ejobowah John Boye
Published: October 2020

Over the decades, Nigerian political elites have devised various constitutionaland administrative arrangements to cope with the country's complexethnic and religious pluralism. Yet, peace and stability have been elusive,as the country continues to experience severe religious and communal conflicts.These are reflected in the highly polemical book in which AdoKurawatries to trace the origin and nature of what he calls the hostility ofwestern Christian representatives towards Islam.In the book, Ado-Karuwa attempts to argue that the secular publicspace is too inflected with Christian values to make a claim to neutrality,and he uses Nigeria as a case study. He begins by noting that historically,Islam in Europe was tolerant and accommodative of the Christian religion,but this was not reciprocated when the Crusades were launched and"Muslims ... received the worst treatment imaginable." According to him,the failure of the armed campaign prompted Christian clerics to embark onan intellectual attack that entailed the negative representation of Islam inscholarly writings. What emerged, according to him, was a body of knowledgethat explained the superiority of the West over the Islamic world.Contemporary global dominance by the West has also opened the door foracademic institutions in Europe and America to strangulate Islam under theguise of promoting universal science.Ado-Karuwa relates the above to Nigeria by noting that, within thecountry, both Christian intellectuals and some British-trained Muslims actas agents of the West by promoting a secularism that marginalizes Islam.After a lengthy polemic about orientalism, colonialism, and Americanimperialism, the author returns to the issue of secularism, which he discussesgenerally without relating it concretely to Nigeria. He does not showhow secularism in Nigeria marginalizes Islam; neither does he make effortsto show that secularism is tainted by Christian doctrines, in the mannerdone by Louis Dumont. Instead, he undermines his project by arguing thatChristianity declined in Europe after secularism was enthroned by theReformation and the Renaissance, and that in Sweden attendance in theLutheran Church is only 5 percent. If it is true, as he argues, that the ...
Morality in Public Life
Authors: Muzaffar Chandra
Published: October 2020

I am honored - and deeply humbled - to be invited by the Association of Muslim Social Scientists to deliver the Ismail al-Faruqi Memorial Lecture this evening. Professor Ismail al-Faruqi was undoubtedly one of the most accom­plished and one of the most illustrious thinkers that the Muslim world has produced in recent decades. His writings, which span a whole spectrum of social concerns, have contributed immensely to a better understanding of tawhid, Islamic culture, and interfaith dialogue among both Muslims and non-Muslims. As a committed intellectual who translated ideas into action, the late Professor al-Faruqi was an honest and principled voice in the strug­gle for a just world. It was because of his own integrity that he regarded morality in public life as fundamental to social justice. Muslims, more than perhaps most people, should be able to appreciate the importance of morality in public life. And yet most states established in the name oflslam have failed miserably to uphold the basic standards of public morality. What explains this huge paradox? How can we bridge this yawning chasm between the ideals of which we are conscious and the real­ities that confront us? How will globalization help or hinder our efforts to imbue public life with moral values and principles? ...
Decolonizing Methodologies
Authors: Haneef Mohamed Aslam
Published: October 2020

Decolonizing Methodologies, by Maori educationist Linda Tuhiwai Smith, challenges the dominant western "frameworks of knowledge." Many of the concerns voiced in this book are shared by Muslims, who also have been colonized both physically and intellectually. Thus, there is something for Muslim scholars to learn in the attempts of others to address western disciplines of knowledge.

Smith argues that from the vantage point of the colonized, the term research is inextricably linked to European imperialism and colonialism. She points to the system and framework of how European research was carried out, classified, and presented back to the West, and then, through the eyes of the West, back to the colonized, a process that Edward Said has called "Orientalism." The alternative is to address social issues of indigenous peoples within the wider framework of self-determination, decolonization, and social justice in order to create "indigenous research, indigenous research protocols and indigenous methodologies" that relate to indigenous priorities and problems. This new framework and approach requires a historical and critical analysis of the role of research in the indigenous world so that it can provide alternatives as to how we see knowledge and its social construction, as well as methodologies and the politics of research ...
Gender, Politics and Islam
Authors: Hartman Michelle
Published: October 2020

Though women’s studies and Islamic studies have not often met in scholarlydiscourse, Gender, Politics and Islam is evidence that they should. Thisbook is a testament to the breadth and quality of scholarship in Muslimwomen’s studies. All of its articles originally appeared in Signs: Journal ofWomen in Culture and Society, of which Therese Saliba, Carolyn Allen, andJudith A. Howard, previously served as editors and associate editors.Saliba’s competent introduction summarizes the articles and promptlydebunks simplistic understandings of Muslim women and their lives, and highlights their diverse and complex engagements with religion, politics,society, and culture. Not only does this introduction speak for and tonuanced understandings of Islam and Muslims, it also links feminist strugglestransnationally and explicitly positions itself against the exceptionalismof Muslim women.Although all nine chapters were previously published, this volumemerits separate publication for several reasons. First, it promotes goodscholarship on Muslim women. Second, it undoubtedly will reach a largeraudience as a collection than as individual articles. This audience includesnot only those outside academia, but also academics who might not normallyread specialized women’s studies journals – many in the field ofIslamic studies, traditionally defined, for example. Moreover, the bookcould be used effectively in teaching Islamic studies and women’s studies;indeed, some of its articles are already being used this way. Though thearticles were not written for a general audience, many could easily appealto the interested nonspecialist.Finally, these serious, scholarly essays complement each other and representa breadth of disciplinary approaches (e.g., literary studies, sociology,history, anthropology, and political science), geographical regions (e.g.,Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Lebanon, Yemen, Bangladesh, and Canada), andissues (e.g., legal rights, religious rituals, political empowerment, receptionpolitics, and Islamic feminism, among many others). Despite this breadth,each essay speaks extremely well to at least several others and highlightsMuslim women’s strategies and practices of crafting spaces for action andengagement in politics and society.Valentine Moghadem’s “Islamic Feminism and its Discontents:Towards a Resolution of the Debate” provides an overview of Iranianwomen’s many contrasting positions in relation to their rights in theIslamic Republic. She also draws useful comparisons between U.S. liberalfeminists and Iranian Islamic feminists, thereby providing an analysisof current trends, issues, and debates. “The Politics of Feminism inIslam,” by Anouar Majid, continues this inquiry into women crafting afeminist theory and practice that engages Islam. Like Moghadem, he seesa positive side to Iran’s Islamic feminist movement, as it resists “theeffects of global capitalism and contributes to a rich egalitarian polycentricworld” (p. 87) ...
Multicultural Politics
Authors: Hamdan Amani
Published: October 2020

Multicultural Politics: Racism, Ethnicity, and Muslims in Britain is an eloquentanalysis of empirical and theoretical observations of multiculturalismin Britain. Modood is an expert on this topic, in particular as he writes froma Muslim perspective. The book consists of two parts: “Racism, Disadvantage,and Upward Mobility,” which discusses ethnic diversity in employmentand educational performance, and “The Muslim Challenge,” which compriseschapters five to nine. The book’s main purpose is to critique theBritish perception, which the author labels a “black-white dualism” (p. 5),and the resultant ignorance surrounding the voices of Asians and otherminorities. Modood argues that the black-white division is complicated bycultural racism, Islamphobia, and a challenge to secular modernity. In his introduction, the author sets the stage by providing a brief autobiographicalbackground of how he embarked on the topic of multiculturalpolitics from a philosophical background. These background details are not“nostalgic self-indulgence … in fact, some of the book’s themes are rootedin descriptions from childhood” (p. 4).Throughout the book, Modood emphasizes the “otherness” of Asians,particularly South Asians in Britain, as it existed before the tragedy ofSeptember 11 and subsequent terrorist attacks. He argues that in the pluralistnation of Britain, “South Asians were treated as [the] undesirable other”(p. 5). Muslims, not blacks, were increasingly perceived as the most threatening“other” to Western society. He further argues that race and racism areintricately entangled in how British Muslims were perceived, and that theirculture was habitually stereotyped and perceived as obstructive to assimilationand integration into British society. The author’s arguments shed lighton how British Asians are empirically subjected to double racism, as comparedto British blacks. Modood acknowledges that this complex situationhas to be considered along with such other variables as “class, gender, geography,and [the] social arena” (p. 7) ...
The Druze in the Middle East
Authors: Monaghan Sean
Published: October 2020

In A History of the Druze, Kais Firro suggests that the proliferation of workson the Druze over the last twenty years has resulted from this community’sprominent role in the Lebanese civil war. While such circumstances are, ofcourse, regrettable, any notice taken of this small, secretive, and often overlookedsociety is welcome. Nissim Dana, a lecturer in academic religionsand cultures of peoples in the Middle East at Bar-Ilan University and formerminister of religious affairs in Israel, would no doubt explain his interest andclear warmth for his subject in different terms, as the personal letter includedfrom Labib Abu Rukn, judge of the Druze Court of Haifa, attests. It is this affection, however, which may be at the heart of some of this extremelyuneven investigation’s shortcomings.The author has chosen to divide his work into four parts, each dealingwith the history, sociocultural make-up, sacred topography, and the lawsgoverning the Druze in their respective states, most notably in Israel (towhich a third of the text is devoted) – a most pronounced focus. The book isrounded out with an appendix of the “Arabic Original of the Laws ofPersonal Status in Lebanon and Israel” and an abbreviated version for Syria,which is a welcome addition for those who read Arabic ...
Remaking Muslim Politics
Authors: Yom Sean L.
Published: October 2020

We can sense, Robert Hefner announces in the introduction to this editedvolume, “a new dynamic of popular participation and contestative pluralism… inspiring dreams of a Muslim politics that is civil and democratic” (p.11). Herein lies the book’s singular thesis. Since 9/11, scholars have spilledenormous quantities of ink in convincing western audiences that radical violenceand ideological intolerance do not characterize mainstream Islam. Yetthe quest to delineate Islam’s compatibility with democracy often meantignoring the complexity of ideas within the stream of democratic Muslimthought. This eclectic collection fills this gap, bringing together twelveauthors who demonstrate the rise of new Islamic voices promoting civic pluralismwithin the boundaries of religious tradition. However, they also showthat such views have triggered fierce contestation from more conservative interlocutors. In laying out a sweeping map of these battles, the volume performsa necessary service to general scholars of Islamic politics ...
Jordanian Jerusalem
Authors: Gandolfo K. Luisa
Published: October 2020

For centuries, Jerusalem has been revered as the holy site of Judaism, Christianity,and Islam; strategically coveted as a means to consolidate territorialgains; and conquered thirty-seven times between its foundation and thesequestering of its ancient hub by Israeli forces during the Six-Day War. Asthe region underwent significant change after World War II, the Holy Cityincreasingly became contested. While the Palestinians nurtured concernsregarding land sales and the escalating influx of Jewish settlers, their apprehension became lost amidst the tussle for authority between Transjordan,which sought to affirm its role as custodian of the holy places, and the nascentstate of Israel, which strove to strengthen its presence in the city. Chartingthe endeavors of KingAbdullah and KingHussein to assert Transjordan’sauthority over Jerusalemdespite international and Israeli rivalry, Katz affordsa unique insight into the multifarious means used to court its residentsthrough events, banknotes, and stamps between 1948 and 1967.Over the course of seven chapters, the author imbues the text with illuminatingfigures and maps. Most notable is the 1946 “Palestinian Aid”stamp series initiated during the Bludan Conference in June 1946, duringwhich Abdullah directed member states of the Arab League “to issue aPalestinian stamp whose revenue would be earmarked for Palestine” (p. 56).Yet Abdullah’s pro-active stance – the Jordanian Parliament implementedthe Arab League resolution on 22 July 1946, followed by the “AdditionalStamps Law” Temporary Law 20 of the same year – was ultimately marredby his series of surreptitious meetings with the JewishAgency. Despite thisduplicity, the merit of stamps in preserving stable relations with thePalestinians is adeptly demonstrated throughout the chapter. Similarly, thepolitical nuances behind postcards depicting King Hussein and GamalAbdul Nasser affectionately united over the Dome of the Rock, as well as anadditional series of stamps celebrating Pope Paul VI’s pilgrimage to theHoly Land in 1964, serve as visual reminders of Jordan’s tentative grip onauthority during the post-war period and the ever-present desire to retainamicable relations with neighboring leaders ...
Editorial
Authors: Bullock Katherine
Published: October 2020

A common accusation made by Muslims is that the West disrespects Islamand employs a double standard when dealing with them. It is so easy to findinstances of hypocrisy that one may reasonably argue that it is the West’sdefault response to Muslims (e.g., saying it supports democracy whilefinancing authoritarian regimes, or saying Islam oppresses women whileoverlooking the prevalence of sexual harassment against women in the westernworkforce.)In his “Clash of Civilizations” article, Samuel Huntington argued thatsuch double standards are an inevitable result of the “kin-country syndrome”:“Aworld of clashing civilizations…is inevitably a world of doublestandards: people apply one standard to their kin-countries and a differentstandard to others.”1 So, Muslims should not complain about such westerndouble standards as sanctioning Iraq for failing to comply with UnitedNations resolutions (he was writing in the 1990s) while ignoring the samefailure when it comes to Israel.2 His idea of a kin-based double standard hasparallels in other cultures, of course, as reflected in theArab proverb “Myselfagainstmy brother;my brother andmyself againstmy cousin; andmy cousin,my brother, and myself against the foreigner.”Sacrificing justice for all in the name of protecting oneself and one’s“kin” is both blameworthy and a source of tension in today’s internationalsystem. It is also connected to a simplistic western understanding ofMuslimsand the internal and external challenges they face as a community. Both ofthese lead to negative judgments of Muslims and Muslim cultures. Toexplain. In his article, Huntington went on, famously, to propose that as theUnited States moved into sole superpower status and as the West’s “victory”in the cold war demonstrated that the western liberal capitalist model wasthe best political system, the coming age would be marked by warssparked by civilizational differences instead of ideology. “Islam”was singledout as a civilization most likely to cause wars, due to certain aspects of itsessential nature (“Islam has bloody borders [p. 35].)” He posited a dyadicrelationship between the West and Islam: whereas western values were laudable,they were missing in Islam, for ...
Protecting America’s Promise
Authors: Ahmad Junaid S.
Published: October 2020

The 2007 joint National Association of Muslim Lawyers (NAML) andNationalMuslimLawStudentsAssociation (NMLSA) conference took placeon 9-11 November in San Francisco. Both NAML and NMLSA are rapidlygrowing organizations with many young Muslim students now deciding toenter the legal profession, a field in which they have been historically underrepresented.This year’s theme, “Protecting America’s Promise,” could nothave been more appropriate.The conference was kicked off by an electrifying talk by Jameel Jaffer,co-author of Administration of Torture: A Documentary Record from Washingtonto Abu Ghraib and Beyond (Columbia University Press: 2007) anddirector of the ACLU’s National Security Program. He detailed the mannerin which the Bush administration has implemented a systematic program oftorture since 9/11, and how it has done this without significant challengefrom the other two branches of government: Congress and the judiciary.The first plenary session, which addressed the topic of “Investigatingand Prosecuting Terrorism Cases: Seeking Justice while Upholding ConstitutionalPrinciples,” focused on the tension between bringing alleged terroriststo justice and upholding core constitutional rights and protections,including the accused’s rights to counsel, a speedy trial, and to confront theevidence presented by the plaintiff. The second plenary session, “The Impactand Legality of U.S. CounterterrorismPolicies Overseas,” discussedwhetherthe United States has accurately framed the terror threat and how its policieshave inflamed or diminished that threat. The session also explored the legalityand effectiveness of arbitrary detention, torture, extraordinary rendition,and other counterterrorism policies.The various parallel sessions throughout the conference addressed amyriad of topics germane to the legal profession in general, as well as toMuslims and the law in particular. In a session entitled “Leveraging LegalResources for the Benefit of the Muslim American Community: A TrainingSession for Lawyers,” attendees learned some of the basic laws and challengesfacing Muslim Americans from experienced criminal defense andwith pdfFactory ...
The Heirs of the Prophet
Authors: Stewart Devin J.
Published: October 2020

This substantially revised version of a dissertation completed at the Schoolof Oriental andAfrican Studies in 1990 focuses on the disciples (rijal) of theImams in the Twelver Shiite tradition, arguing that they developed, throughthe routinization of charisma, a distinct type of religious authority in theeighth and ninth centuries based on their special relationship with theImams, but to some extent independent of them. It investigates an importantchapter in Twelver Shiite religious history while touching on questions ofreligious authority and orthodoxy in Islam that remain poorly described inscholarship to date.The work includes two chapters on aspects of religious authority in classicalIslam, two on the Imams’ disciples and the roles they played, and oneon how these disciples were portrayed in later biographical texts ...
Political Islam and Democracy
Authors: Masmoudi Mariem
Published: October 2020

On 14 May 2008, the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy (CSID)held its ninth annual conference, entitled “Political Islam and Democracy:What Do Islamists and Islamic Movements Want?” at the Marriot RenaissanceHotel. This event brought together a distinguished group of experts todiscuss the relationship between religion and democracy, the MuslimBrotherhood and democratic evolution, negotiating and implementingdemocracy in diverse contexts, and other related topics.The first session, which included Nelly Lahoud (professor of politicaltheory, Goucher College), Mark Gould (professor of sociology, HaverfordCollege), and Amr Hamzawy (senior associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) raised such issues as dismissing the idea that Islam anddemocracy are mutually exclusive and discrediting the terrorists who havehijacked Islam and turned it into the very things it stands against: radicalism,closed-mindedness, intolerance, and violence. Gould discussed “Sovereigntyof God: Constitutional Processes in Islam and Christianity,” and Hamzawydelved into an analysis of the Brotherhood’s draft party platform ...
The Zahiris
Authors: Qadhi Yasir
Published: October 2020

That Ignaz Goldziher (1860-1921) was the pivotal figure in the modern academicstudy of Islam (or “Orientalism”) is beyond dispute. His writings andthought left an indelible mark on all future scholars, and he set the bar for atleast another two generations. Law, jurisprudence, theology, Islamic history– all subjects related to Islam were discussed by him at a time whenOrientalism was still in its infancy. While many of his ideas have long sincebeen abandoned or modified, his presence remains looming in the fieldalmost a century after his death. While most authors of his time are merelyread as historical oddities, his works alone retain elements of originality thatstill make them required reading for any serious student of the field ...
Contributing to Islamic Ethics
Authors: Mohamed Yasien , Swazo Norman K.
Published: October 2020

Islamic ethics (akhlaq islamiyah), which is concerned with good characterand the means of acquiring it, took shape gradually from the seventh centuryand culminated in the eleventh century with the teachings of Miskawayh(d. 1030), al-Raghib al-Isfahani (d. 1060), and al-Ghazali (d. 1111). Islamicphilosophical ethics combined Qur’anic teachings, the traditions of Muhammad(s), the precedents of Islamic jurists, and classic Greek (Hellenic) ethicalideas.Prophet Muhammad (s) said: “Verily I have been sent in order to perfectmoral character” (Fainnama bu`ithtu-li-utamima makarim al-akhlaq). Suchprophetic traditions, Qur’anic moral exhortations, and Hellenic ethical writingsbecame the main sources of inspiration for Miskawayh, al-Isfahani, andal-Ghazali. Inspired by the Arabic version of Aristotle’s NicomacheanEthics, these moral philosophers Islamized virtue ethics and focused on cultivatingcharacter and purifying the soul (al-nafs). Although al-Isfahaniinspired al-Ghazali and tried to maintain a balance between the justice of thesoul and the justice of society, the latter developed a Sufi ethics that becameincreasingly otherworldly with its focus on purifying the self. This ethicalmodel later became a source of inspiration for St. Thomas Aquinas andMaimonides.This special issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciencesfocuses on Islamic ethics, especially ethics as applied to such contemporaryissues as bioethics, the environment, human rights, and evolution. Thepapers provide insight into how ethical problems are dealt with within ...
Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya
Authors: Daniels Timothy P.
Published: October 2020

Ross King’s Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya: Negotiating Urban Space inMalaysia provides a provocative interpretation of urban landscapes inKuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, a recently built government administrativecenter. He attempts to explicate meanings of the built urban environment aswell as its history, ideology, and contemporary possibilities.Consisting of a preface, five chapters, and an afterword, the book ishighly illustrated with pictures, sketches, maps, and architectural plans. Inthe preface, King introduces the dilemma of Malaysian nationalism, imagininga multicultural nation with a politically dominant Malay Muslimmajority, through the specter of the fiftieth anniversary of independence.He informs us that its two venues – Kuala Lumpur’s jumbled, multi-communityspaces and Putrajaya’s purely Malay pan-Islamic spaces – indicatesan ambivalent identity: Kuala Lumpur, “historically a Chinese town … istoday the capital of a nation that privileges the Malays” (p. xxiii). He immediatelymoves to selectively deconstruct Malay identity, stating that it is “inthe main a construction of the colonial era” during which people of diverseorigins from insular Southeast Asia migrated to the Peninsula (ibid). Thisoft-repeated assertion, which is a hotly contested topic in Malaysian discourse,indicates a slant toward the widespread Chinese Malaysian perspectivethat Malays are not the country’s true “natives.” King also states thathis focus will be to “read” the messages of architecture in terms of thingsobserved, imagined, forgotten, and potentially reconciled along with somehistorical background ...
Peace among Muslims
Authors: Ibrahim Zakyi
Published: October 2020

Peace is seen as a sociopolitical value whose permanent realization keepseluding humanity, despite constant efforts (at least for the past century) forit to prevail permanently. For Muslims, peace1 is not just a sociopoliticalimperative; it is also a religious obligation. So any attempts to achieve itat anytime (be it among Muslims, or between them and their non-Muslimenemies) must be considered an act of obedience to God, who enjoinedthem, on several occasions in the Qur’an (for example, 8:61), to strivetoward peace. In this editorial, I will highlight only peace amongMuslims ...
Wissenschaft des Judentums as a Paradigm for New Muslim Approaches to Islam
Authors: Mohammed Khaleel
Published: October 2020

Although Wissenschaft des Judentums was the brainchild of German Jews,it reflected the aims of European Jews in general. As noted by the late ProfessorAmos Funkenstein, “even if we grant that the majority of traditionalJews in France, Austria, and Germany were not aware of the full scopeof the achievements of the Wissenschaft, its results nevertheless faithfullyreflected the desires and self-image of nineteenth-century Jews craving foremancipation, the mood of the “perplexed of the times.”1 The period ofthe Enlightenment did little to change the lot of the Jew: he was still seenby many as a Christ-killer, his identity linked to a particular nation—andhe could, therefore, never be fully accepted as part of any other nationalentity. Although some Jews may have become totally assimilated and evenconverted to Christianity, the general perception was that the Jews wantedto be conditional citizens: while adopting the culture of the environment,they wanted to preserve their special nature as a subculture ...
Maqasid al-Shari`ah
Authors: Elewa Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Along with Islamic finance and jurisprudence for Muslim minorities,Maqaṣid al-Shariʻah (the higher objectives of Islamic Law)completes the trinity of cutting-edge traditional Islamic research.Its importance emanates from its philosophical vision, which allowsfor the practice of divine text and prophetic teachings in a mannerthat acknowledges and responds to contemporary challenges.Recognizing that this vibrant topic is complex, intellectually challenging,and that most books on the subject are written for specialists, theInternational Institute of Islamic Thought published three introductoryguides to provide simple and accessible material for the general reader. The Recognizing that this vibrant topic is complex, intellectually challenging,and that most books on the subject are written for specialists, theInternational Institute of Islamic Thought published three introductoryguides to provide simple and accessible material for the general reader.The series includes the three books above that are the subject of this review.While significantly varying in focus, all three books succeed in providingintroductory-level texts. Muhammed Chapra presents one long argumentthat human well-being and development is realized by enrichingthe human self, faith, wealth, intellect, and posterity. Before moving onin detail to examine the conditions necessary for the enrichment of faith,wealth, intellect, and posterity, and how the Sharʻiah allows people to preservethem all, he cites fourteen different human needs that must be takeninto account in order to enrich and invigorate the human self. Instead, MohammadKamali and Jasser Auda begin with the genealogy of Maqaṣid.After explaining its textual origins, multiple classifications, and the historyof its development, Kamali addresses Maqaṣid theory ‒ following itsexpansion beyond the traditional five objectives (the focus of Chapra’sbook) and describes the main methodological challenges that have facedthe field. Auda departs from Kamali by focusing on the relevance andpromise of Maqaṣid for contemporary Islamic jurisprudence and thought ...
Gender and Islam in Africa
Authors: Sodiq Yushau
Published: October 2020

Gender and Islam in Africa is a great contribution to the scholarship onAfrican women. The contributors, all of whom come from different disciplines,seek to elevate the status of women by promoting gender equality,human rights, and democracy in androcentric African societies. They appealfor more women to participate in the reshaping and reforming of women’sroles; assert that women were part of Africa’s development; and maintainthat male religious scholars who interpret Islamic religious texts in a way designedto relegate women to second-class status, as opposed to Islam, are theprimary cause of women’s predicaments. This work is divided into threemajor sections: “Women Re/produce Knowledge,” “Re/constructing Women,Gender, and Sexuality,” and “Shari‘ah, Family Law, and Activism.” The contributorscite many examples of female scholars, among them Nana Asma’uand Malama Aishatu Dancandu, and their production of knowledge beforeand after colonialism.
Imam Shafi‘i
Authors: Baugh Carolyn
Published: October 2020

Kecia Ali has performed a great service for Islamic studies by harmonizingearly sources with the most compelling recent scholarship to produce a biographyof Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i (d. 204/820), one of Islam’s mostimportant figures. His life is presented in a tightly organized and lucid way,accessible to non-specialists or undergraduates, useful for graduate students,and a fine source of reference for scholars.This book consists of an introduction and six chapters. The first chaptercovers his early years in Arabia, and the second discusses his transformationfrom “Student to Shaykh.” Chapters 3 through 5 present al-Shafi‘i’s legal theories and methodologies, and chapter 6, the final chapter, studies the popularcult that has grown up around him, thus delivering on the title’s promise.Also included are three pages of suggested “Further Reading,” along withwhy these works are pertinent, an invaluable extra measure that students willfind particularly helpful. Needless to say, the bibliography is long and rich,giving a final affirmation to the author’s mastery of her subject.Throughout her study, Ali exhibits an acute awareness of the ideologicalagendas of the early biographers who have shaped perceptions of the imam.Her critical approach to traditional reports concerning his formative years (theoft-referenced Bedouin years, for example) allows her to question withoutdiscarding altogether some of the more famous episodes in his life. She ultimatelysuggests that what is most crucial for our understanding of al-Shafi‘i’sdevelopment was his encounter with Malik and his thought, an engagementso deep that he almost certainly had to have spent at least ten years under theelder scholar’s tutelage. These critical years laid the groundwork for thescholar he would become ...
Sayyid Qutb
Authors: Cory Stephen
Published: October 2020

Sayyid Qutb’s influence upon radical Islamic movements during the secondhalf of the twentieth century is undeniable and has long been recognized. Recentinterest in the rise of radical Islam has led to a number of publications onhim, including a biography by James Calvert and several pieces that analyzecertain aspects of his ideology and writings. James Toth’s new text, whichpresents a general biography of Qutb, seeks to combine these functions byemphasizing the trajectory of his literary career along with offering a topicalanalysis of the major themes found within his writings. At the same time, Tothprovides a fresh and comprehensive evaluation of the career and impact ofthis famous Islamist ideologue.The book is divided into two main sections, the first of which describesQutb’s life story from his childhood in Upper Egypt through his secular writingcareer, increasing radicalization, involvement with the Muslim Brotherhood,prison years, and eventual execution by the Egyptian government in1966. The second section, which provides a detailed analysis of his ideology,draws heavily from his writings and is arranged thematically. In it, Tothtouches on such important topics as Qutb’s interpretation of Islam, his viewof it as a revitalization movement, his vision for an Islamic society and economicsystem, and his understanding of the Islamic state and history. The bookalso includes a lengthy appendix, with special sections that provide short biographiesson prior Islamic writers who influenced Qutb’s thinking as wellas summaries of his views on women/family, dhimmīs (non-Muslims livingin a Muslim society), and apologetics. It concludes with a detailed collectionof notes as well as a comprehensive bibliography and index.Rather than presenting Qutb’s move toward radicalism as a sharp departurefrom his prior values and beliefs, Toth seeks to ground his convictionswithin the context of his childhood in a small Upper Egyptian village and toidentify consistent themes that reoccurred throughout his career. During hisapproximately fifteen years as a literary critic, Qutb focused on poetry andassociated himself with the Diwan school of literary criticism led by his mentorAbbas al-‘Aqqad. This school emphasized modernity, individualism, andsecularism, three principles that he would reject later on during the radicalphase of his career. Yet he was always a person of strong convictions, onewho had an abiding religious orientation, an interest in pedagogy, and a some ...