bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Tank Bottom Shape for Improving the Anti-Deposition Performance of a Prefabricated Pumping Station
Authors: Li Qing , Kang Can , Teng Shuang , Li Mingyi
Published: March 2019

High flexibility of prefabricated pumping stations in collecting and transporting storm water has been recognized. Nevertheless, flows inside such a complex system have rarely been reported. The present study aims to reveal water-sand flow characteristics in a prefabricated pumping station and to optimize geometric parameters of the tank to mitigate sand particle deposition. Five tank schemes, varying in the ratio of the diameter to the height of the tank bottom (D/L), were investigated. Flows in the pumping station were simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Test data were used to validate the numerical scheme. Three-dimensional water-sand flows in the pumping station were described. Underlying mechanisms of sand particle deposition were explained. The results indicate that the risk of deposition is high at the tank bottom side, close to the tank inlet. Both the tank bottom geometry and the inlet suction of the pump contribute to sand particle deposition. The averaged sand volume fraction at the pump inlet reaches its minimum at D/L = 3. Sand particle velocity at the pump inlet varies inversely with D/L. The highest intensity of the vortex at the pump inlet arises at D/L = 3. The best anti-deposition performance of the pumping station is attained at D/L = 3.
Water Security Assessment of China’s One Belt and One Road Region
Authors: Zhang Zhaofang , He Weijun , An Min , Degefu Dagmawi Mulugeta , Yuan Liang , Shen Juqin , Liao Zaiyi , Wu Xia
Published: March 2019

The sustainable development of socioeconomic and environmental systems are highly dependent on water capital and water utilization efficiency. Nowadays, a significant portion of the world is facing water security issues due to a combination of various factors. As a result, socioeconomic and environmental systems are threatened. China is also currently experiencing problems. Water security assessment helps to identify key determining factors for optimal water utilization, so the authors present the Driving Forces-Pressures-Carrying Capacity-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSCIR) water security assessment framework. Unlike previous methods, the proposed framework incorporates the carrying capacity of the environment, and as a result, yields assessment results that are more realistic. As a case study, the proposed framework coupled with the entropy method is applied to assess the water security status of the One Belt and One Road (B&R) region in China. In addition, the water security level of the provinces and municipalities in this region are simulated for the time period from 2017 to 2022 using the Grey Prediction Model. The results show that Responses, State, Pressures, and Carrying Capacity Subsystems greatly influence water security of the region. According to the assessment, water security of the area improved from 2011 to 2016. The results portray the following trend among the three subregions of the study area, the water security of the 21st Maritime Silk Road (One Road) area is better than Silk Road Economic Belt (One Belt) and the Strategy Support and Pivotal Gateway (SSPG) of B&R areas. Generally, from the evaluation results it can be concluded that only focusing on the subsystem of Responses cannot entirely address the water security problems within the B&R area. Therefore, to ensure sustainable water security in the region and in the country, the government needs to design water resource management mechanisms that take all the subsystems into account.
Harmless Treatment of Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride Production Effluent: From Lab Scale to Pilot Scale
Authors: Zhou Di , Liu Xide , Chen Chuangqi
Published: March 2019

More economical and effective technology is being developedin the wastewater treatment process to deal with the products of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHH). Fixed ammonium in the effluent is converted to free ammonia by utilizing the neutralization reaction, and the sulfate is removed in the form of gypsum. Meanwhile, the toxic PHH is recycled according to the extraction and re-extraction technology. The raffinate phase is reused through boiling off ammonia vapor. The recovery rates of PHH reach 93.3% in the laboratory and 92.9% at the pilot scale, respectively. Compared with our previous work, the cost of the new technology is ~1/10 of the original, and the profit increases ~3.5-fold. Consequently, it has great potential to be applied to industrial production.
A Comparison of Continuous and Event-Based Rainfall–Runoff (RR) Modelling Using EPA-SWMM
Authors: Hossain Sharif , Hewa Guna Alankarage , Wella-Hewage Subhashini
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the comparative performance of event-based and continuous simulation modelling of a stormwater management model (EPA-SWMM) in calculating total runoff hydrographs and direct runoff hydrographs. Myponga upstream and Scott Creek catchments in South Australia were selected as the case study catchments and model performance was assessed using a total of 36 streamflow events from the period of 2001 to 2004. Goodness-of-fit of the EPA-SWMM models developed using automatic calibration were assessed using eight goodness-of-fit measures including Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), NSE of daily high flows (ANSE), Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), etc. The results of this study suggest that event-based modelling of EPA-SWMM outperforms the continuous simulation approach in producing both total runoff hydrograph (TRH) and direct runoff hydrograph (DRH).
GLOBALIZATION AS A PRECEDENCE AND THE CONTEXT OF A COMPREHENSIVE IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION
Authors: Kondur Oksana
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the processes of the modern world education system in the conditions of globalization. The influence of globalization tendencies on processes in societies in conditions of transformation of transitive systems is considered. The necessity of pluralism of paradigms in the development of new approaches to the subject of education is substantiated.
DIRECTIVITY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION FOR THE FORMING OF THE INTELLIGENT PERSONALITY
Authors: Glovatskaya Yelena
Published: March 2019

To determine the essence of the concept of "intelligent", the analysis of the contradiction of concepts "intelligent” and “intellectual" is used, in the course of which the distinctive features of the intelligence are revealed, among which there are the aspirations for constant self-improvement, creativity and cognition, independence of thinking, maturity of decisions, constant enrichment and systematization of the worldview, honor, loyalty to the word, interest in history and culture, a critical look at political and economic processes, often leading to opposition of the intelligent person to the forces, possessing power, tolerance and respect for others, conscientious work, the desire to understand the other, to bring maximal utility. The intelligentsia appears not only being a layer of people engaged in mind activity, but may include manual workers (workers' intelligentsia). In modern conditions, the accelerated pace of life and the growth of competition at the pre-labor stage of personal development, the image of an intellectual rather than an intelligent person may seem more attractive, and priorities can often be shifted towards a quick and easy way of acquiring a popular and highly paid profession. Often this way is seen in the reduction of the breeding and socio- humanitarian compounds of higher education. Moreover, for the authorities it turns out to be less economically expensive. Such an education can provide an intellectual layer, but not the intelligentsia. If we model the future society without the intelligentsia, then we can already predict the dissolution of Ukrainian culture in the world culture and, eventually, its withering away. This process has already been described by M. Mead in her study of the formation of American culture by first migrants from European countries; she marks this derivative culture as "prefigurative", deprived of the authority of older generations and many other traditional values.
THE CONCEPT OF IMAGINATION IN THE PROCESSES OF THE FORMATION OF VISUAL THINKING
Authors: Ilina Halyna
Published: March 2019

The modern information world is the world of visual culture, in which the complexity of the activity of thinking is due to the growth of visual selectivity and perception. This process is facilitated by the idea that creates mental images that perform visual functions in the process of developing knowledge about the world, ideas that can be visually perceived, imagined or thought. Representations "build" images based on previous experience. Based on ideas arise spontaneously association, under which the process of thinking performs. Imagination creates "visible" images, which become the object of their comprehension and implementation into reality. Representation is a way of experimenting with visually perceived reality, its design and creation. The visual ability of representation is combined with the flesh, which extends the cognitive capabilities of person. The creation of mental images through the presentation and free operation of them is the result of creative insight. It’s an unusual combination of images, ideas, thoughts, elements of seen and conceivable.
Estudio descriptivo sobre las prácticas parentales asociadas al aprendizaje escolar de padres de familia
Authors: Merizalde Medranda Johnn Xavier , Moscoso Álvarez Xavier , Prieto López Yeimer
Published: March 2019

El tema de investigación plantea un estudio descriptivo sobre las prácticas parentales asociadas al aprendizaje escolar de padres de familia de estudiantes de 1ero a 4to grado de educación básica de unidades educativas del cantón Guayaquil. Surge ante la necesidad de enfatizar la importancia que tiene la implicación de los padres o apoderados en el proceso educativo de los niños al encontrarse en una etapa crítica de desarrollo. La investigación tiene un diseño No Experimental con metodología Cuantitativa. En la investigación se confirmó la hipótesis: Las prácticas parentales asociadas al aprendizaje escolar son más frecuentes en familias de nivel socioeconómico alto; sin embargo, hay ciertas puntuaciones en que las familias de clase social media y baja la superan. El estudio permitió identificar la realidad en que se encuentran las familias de diferentes contextos socioeconómicos en la ciudad de Guayaquil, creando la posibilidad de intervenir como agentes de cambio positivo en las situaciones problemáticas encontradas.

 

Palabras claves: Prácticas parentales, aprendizaje escolar, familia, nivel socioeconómico.
La Importancia del saneamiento básico para la salud pública: un estudio en el Municipio de Tabatinga-Amazonas, Brasil.
Authors: Muniz Daynir Perêa
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo reconocer la relación que hay entre el saneamiento básico y la salud pública en esencial para la planificación de acciones de combate y prevención de enfermedades. Se caracterizaron aspectos que interfieren directamente en la salud pública y la incidencia de las principales enfermedades causadas en el municipio de Tabatinga-AM. Se resaltó la importancia del suministro de este servicio como la principal profilaxis para evitar enfermedades en la zona que afectan a una gran parte de la población. En la investigación, se recolectaron informaciones de investigaciones bibliográficas, colectas de datos junto al Laboratorio Municipal de Tabatinga y Coordinación Municipal de Endemias. Se constató un gran número de casos de enfermedades causadas por parásitos intestinales y por vectores transmisores del dengue y malaria, demostrando que estas enfermedades están directamente relacionadas con la falta de este servicio para la prevención y el mantenimiento de la salud pública.
El plagio académico percibido por los estudiantes de la Modalidad a Distancia de la UIDE
Authors: Carrillo Guerrero Marco Vinicio
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio que nos indique el nivel de plagio académico percibido por los estudiantes de la Universidad Internacional de Ecuador en la modalidad Distancia, este estudio se hizo a través  de  dos encuestas transversales dirigidas a estudiantes que cursan diferentes carreras en la modalidad; La muestra fue tomada en base a un procedimiento no probabilístico que estuvo compuesto por 317 alumnos, que nos permitió obtener datos estadísticos sobre las conductas no éticas al momento de realizar sus trabajos académicos y exámenes, así como también los aspectos que llevan a los estudiantes a incurrir en estas acciones; el estudio tomo como base una investigación similar realizada en la Universidad de las Islas Balares de España, con lo que pudimos sacar conclusiones importantes, que difieren del estudio original realizado por Comas(2011), en el cual el nivel de plagio es muy elevado.
THE ASYMPTOTIC AGGREGATION PROBLEM AND THE MACRODESCRIPTION OF HIGH DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Adilov G. R. , Tinaztepe G.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the aggregation problem for high dimensional systems is studied in a different point of view. The deviations occuring when macro‐descriptions are built and evaluated statistically. The systems asymptotic ideal with the aggregation is studied in this sense. Also for some classes of matrices the leading eigenvalues and norms have been taken as aggregate and aggregation is studied in this sense (errors are evaluated statistically).

Straipsnyje nagrinejamas daugiamačiu sistemu agregacijos uždavinys. Nuokrypiai, atsirandantys keičiant sistema jos makrodeskripcija, ivertinti statistiškai. Sistemos agreguotasis asimptotinis idealas nagrinejamas tuo pačiu požiūriu. Taip pat straipsnyje nagrinejama keliu matricu klasiu agregacija, ju pagrindines tikrines vertes ir normas naudojant kaip agregata ir nuokrypius ivertinant statistiškai.
TEMPERATURE MODELLING WITHIN A THIN MATERIAL SHEET INVOLVED IN CONDUCTIVE‐RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: Birgelis K.
Published: March 2019

In this paper we consider a problem about finding of temperature approximation within a thin material sheet involved in conductive‐radiative heat transfer. As result, we found that temperature within the sheet can be approximated in L 2 norm by solution of a simple nonlinear operator equation.

Straipsnyje modeliuojamas temperatūros pasiskirstymas tarp plonu medžiagos lakštu atsižvelgiant i radiacijai laidžios šlumos pernešima. Nustatyta, kad temperatūra tarp lakštu gali būti aproksimuojama L 2 normoje paprastos netiesines operatorines lygties sprendiniais.
DETERMINATION OF THE STABILITY BOUNDARIES FOR THE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH PERIODIC COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Prokopenya A. N.
Published: March 2019

We consider the hamiltonian system of linear differential equations with periodic coefficients. Using the infinite determinant method based on the existence of periodic solutions on the boundaries between the domains of stability and instability in the parameter space we have developed the algorithm for analytical computation of the stability boundaries. The algorithm has been realized for the second and the fourth order hamiltonian systems arising in the restricted many-body problems. The stability boundaries have been found in the form of powers series, accurate to the sixth order in a small parameter. All the computations are done with the computer algebra system Mathematica.

Nagrinejama Hamiltono tiesiniu diferencialiniu lygčiu su periodiniais koeficientais sistema. Remiantis tuo, kad parametru erdveje stabilumo ir nestabilumo sritis skiriančioje sienoje egzistuoja periodinis sprendinys, sukurtas analitinis minetos sienos apskaičiavimo algoritmas. Algoritmas realizuotas antros ir ketvirtos eiles Hamiltono sistemoms, kylančioms nagrinejant apribotu keleto kūnu uždavinius. Stabilumo srities siena randama laipsnines eilutes pavidalu mažojo parametro šešto laipsnio tikslumu. Skaičiavimai atlikti skaičiavimo algebros paketo Mathematica pagalba.
MONTMORT'S PROBLEM, BURNSIDE'S LEMMA AND BELL'S NUMBERS
Authors: Avenhaus R.
Published: March 2019

For a set of n discernible objects, the probability of choosing at random a permutation with m objects fixed is determined with the help of the generating function method. It is shown that the expected number of objects left fixed is one, which represents a special interpretation of Burnside's Lemma. Furthermore, the higher moments about the origin are represented by Stirling's numbers of the second kind, or simpler, by Bell's numbers, and the factorial moments are all one. A short discussion of an estimation problem concludes the paper.

Darbe nagrinejami klasikiniai kombinatorikos uždaviniai su tam tikra tikimybine interpretacija. Autorius taiko generuojančiu funkciju metoda ivairiems momentams skaičiuoti. Kai kurios iš irodomu straipsnyje formuliu nera gerai žinomos kombina‐torineje analizeje. Kaip atskiri šiu formuliu rezultatai gaunami klasikiniai Stirlingo ir Belo skaičiu saryšiai. Straipsnyje pareikta trumpa nagrinejamu uždaviniu apžvalga.
FINITE SUPERELEMENTS METHOD FOR ELASTICITY PROBLEMS
Authors: Galanin M. , Savenkov E. , Temis J.
Published: March 2019

A Fedorenko Finite Superelements Method (FSEM) for 3D linear elasticity problems is considered. We present special weak statement for traces of original problem solution which natural Bubnov‐Galerkin approximation leads to the FSEM. Some applications of the FSEM for the problems of mechanics of composites are considered and results of numerical experiments are presented.
Straipsnyje nagrinejamas Fedorenkos baigtiniu superelementu metodas trimačiams tiesiniams elastiškumo uždaviniams. Pasiulytas specialus silpnasis sprendinio pdsako formulavimas, kuris iprasta Bubnovo‐Galerkino aproksimacija susieja su baigtiniu superelementu metodu. Nagrinejami kai kurie baigtiniu superelementu metodo taikymai kompozitu mechanikos uždaviniams. Pateikti skaitinio eksperimento rezultatai.
NONISOTHERMAL NEWTONIAN FILM BLOWING
Authors: Pinheiro I. M. R.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we refine Han and Park results for nonisothermal film blowing: we propose a correction in their temperature and force balance equations, and prove that with this change the actual system should be split into three other systems, and use a different scaling supposedly more suitable to find the solution of the equations. Besides all that, we also provide an analysis on how our nonisothermal model could improve modeling of the film blowing process. It is worth mentioning that, even though we have corrected (mathematically) the force balance equation by Han and Park, we only make use of the first version of the split model in our simulations to match the other simulations done with the model so far. Future work will include further refinements on the simulations.

Šiame straipsnyje tobulinami Hano ir Parko rezultatai apie neizotermini filmo juostos pūtima. Autoriai patikslina temperatūros ir jegu balanso lygtis ir irodo, kad tai išskaido lygčiu sistema i tris sistemas. Tai igalina rasti uždavinio sprendini. Taip pat pateikta analize kaip šis modelis, gali patobulinti pūtimo procesa. Kadangi naudojamas pataisytas Hano ir Parko modelis, todel modeliuojant gauti rezultatai ne visuomet sutampa su kitu eksperimentu rezultatais. Ateityje numatoma tobulinti šiuos eksperimentus.
HIGH-ORDER DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR CONVECTION‐DIFFUSION INTERFACE PROBLEMS
Authors: Angelova I. Tr.
Published: March 2019

On non‐uniform mesh new high‐order compact finite difference approximations of the solution and the flux to convection‐diffusion interface problems in one‐dimension are constructed and analyzed. Explicit formulas based on new Marchuk integral identities that give O(h2), O(h4), . . . accuracy are derived. New numerical integration quadrature procedures for computing three‐point schemes of any prescribed order of accuracy are developed. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.

Straipsnyje sukonstruotos ir analizuojamos naujos aukštos eiles kompaktines baigtiniu skirtumu schemos, aproksimuojančios konvekcijos‐difuzijos saveikos uždavinius vienmačiu atveju. Gautos išreikštines O(h 2), O(h4), … eiles tikslumo formules, pagristos Marchuko integralinemis tapatybemis. Išvestos naujos skaitmeninio integravimo kvadratūrines nurodyto tikslumo formules tritaškiu schemu skaičiavimui. Pateikti skaitiniai eksperimentai, patvirtinantys teorinius rezultatus.
Lifetimes and Occurrence Rates of Dark Vortices on Neptune from 25 Years of Hubble Space Telescope Images
Authors: Hsu Andrew I. , Wong Michael H. , Simon Amy A.
Published: March 2019

We scoured the full set of blue-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope images of Neptune, finding one additional dark spot in new Hubble data beyond those discovered in 1989, 1994, 1996, and 2015. We report the complete disappearance of the SDS-2015 dark spot, using new Hubble data taken on 2018 September 9–10, as part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) program. Overall, dark spots in the full Hubble data set have lifetimes of at least one to two years, and no more than six years. We modeled a set of dark spots randomly distributed in time over the latitude range on Neptune that is visible from Earth, finding that the cadence of archival Hubble images would have detected about 70% of these spots if their lifetimes are only one year, or about 85%–95% of simulated spots with lifetimes of two or more years. Based on the Hubble data set, we conclude that dark spots have average occurrence rates of one dark spot every four to six years. Many numerical models to date have simulated much shorter vortex lifetimes, so our findings provide constraints that may lead to improved understanding of Neptune’s wind field, stratification, and humidity.
The MASSIVE Survey. XII. Connecting Stellar Populations of Early-type Galaxies to Kinematics and Environment
Authors: Greene Jenny E. , Veale Melanie , Ma Chung-Pei , Thomas Jens , Quenneville Matthew E. , Blakeslee John P. , Walsh Jonelle L. , Goulding Andrew , Ito Jennifer
Published: March 2019

We measure the stellar populations as a function of the radius for 90 early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the MASSIVE survey, a volume-limited integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) galaxy survey targeting all northern-sky ETGs with an absolute K-band magnitude of M

K
 < −25.3 mag or a stellar mass of

, within 108 Mpc. We are able to measure reliable stellar population parameters for individual galaxies out to 10–20 kpc (1–3 R

e
) depending on the galaxy. Focusing on ∼R

e
(∼10 kpc), we find significant correlations between the abundance ratios, σ, and

at a large radius, but we also find that the abundance ratios saturate in the highest-mass bin. We see a strong correlation between the kurtosis of the line-of-sight velocity distribution (h4) and the stellar population parameters beyond R

e
. Galaxies with higher radial anisotropy appear to be older, with metal-poorer stars and enhanced [α/Fe]. We suggest that the higher radial anisotropy may derive from more accretion of small satellites. Finally, we see some evidence for correlations between environmental metrics (measured locally and on >5 Mpc scales) and the stellar populations, as expected if satellites are quenched earlier in denser environments.
Galaxy Merger Fractions in Two Clusters at
Using the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Watson Courtney , Tran Kim-Vy , Tomczak Adam , Alcorn Leo , Salazar Irene V. , Gupta Anshu , Momcheva Ivelina , Papovich Casey , Dokkum Pieter van , Brammer Gabriel , Lotz Jennifer , Willmer Christopher N. A.
Published: March 2019

We measure the fraction of galaxy–galaxy mergers in two clusters at z ∼ 2 using imaging and grism observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. The two galaxy cluster candidates were originally identified as overdensities of objects using deep mid-infrared imaging and observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and were subsequently followed up with HST/WFC3 imaging and grism observations. We identify galaxy–galaxy merger candidates using high-resolution imaging with the WFC3 in the F105W, F125W, and F160W bands. Coarse redshifts for the same objects are obtained with grism observations in G102 for the z ∼ 1.6 cluster (IRC0222A) and G141 for the z ∼ 2 cluster (IRC0222B). Using visual classifications as well as a variety of selection techniques, we measure merger fractions of

in IRC0222A and

in IRC0222B. In comparison, we measure a merger fraction of

for field galaxies at z ∼ 2. Our study indicates that the galaxy–galaxy merger fraction in clusters at z ∼ 2 is enhanced compared to the field population, but note that more cluster measurements at this epoch are needed to confirm our findings.
Bilateral Total Cataract After Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Chandra Parijat , Gupta Yogita , Kumawat Devesh , Dhull Chirakshi
Published: March 2019

The authors report a rare occurrence of bilateral cataract in eyes with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity after bilateral administration of intravitreal bevacizumab in a neonate, with no evidence of lens touch. Although the exact mechanism of cataractogenesis is unclear, the possibility of local drug toxicity needs to be investigated.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56:e28–e30.]
Critical Success Factors to Improve the Adoption of Social Media in Teaching and Learning: A Case Study at a Traditional University
Authors: Murire Obrain , Cilliers Liezel
Published: March 2019

Mobile devices and social media tools are two emerging technologies that have positively influenced teaching and learning practices at traditional universities.  Regardless of the popularity of social media, few lecturers make use of these tools for educational purposes. The objective of this paper was to identify critical success factors to improve the adoption of social media among lecturers at a traditional university in South Africa.  The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was chosen as the theoretical foundation for this study.  A quantitative, survey data collection method was uses to collect data.  A questionnaire was distributed to all academics at the university, with a response rate of 39 %.  From these, descriptive statistics were used  to analyse data and the Pearson chi-square test was used to establish the association amongst different variables. The following CSFs were identified to enhance emerging technologies at traditional universities: management support; provide adequate ICT infrastructure and resources; provide sufficient training for lecturers, and introduce a champion  to promote social media. The study, therefore, recommends that these four critical success factors must be considered by universities to adopt social media in teaching and learning.

 

 

 
Bedrijfswagens: diagnostiek en uitdagingen van een fiscaal regime
Authors: May Xavier , Ermans Thomas , Hooftman Nils
Published: March 2019

België telt in totaal 5 700 000 auto’s, waarvan zo’n 650 000 bedrijfswagens in 2016. Naar schatting rijden er iedere dag ongeveer 100 000 bedrijfswagens in, uit en binnen het Brussels Gewest. Bedrijfswagens hebben dus zeker een grote impact op de mobiliteit in het gewest. Dit artikel beschrijft eerst en vooral het fiscale regime van de bedrijfswagens en de specifieke kenmerken van dit type wagens. Vervolgens gaat de synthesenota dieper in op de kenmerken van de bedrijven die deze voertuigen aanbieden en op het profiel van de werknemers die een bedrijfswagen ter beschikking gesteld krijgen. Verder analyseren de auteurs de afstanden die bedrijfswagens afleggen en hun impact op het autoverkeer en schatten zij de fiscale en loonimpact van het systeem in. Ook worden de gevolgen van bedrijfswagens voor het milieu kort geanalyseerd qua productie van broeikasgassen en impact van de emissies op de volksgezondheid. Tot slot plaatst het artikel de uitdagingen en debatten rond de kwestie van de bedrijfswagen op Brussels en op nationaal niveau in perspectief.
Company cars: identifying the problems and challenges of a tax system
Authors: May Xavier , Ermans Thomas , Hooftman Nils
Published: March 2019

There were approximately 650 000 company cars in Belgium in 2016 of a total of 5 700 000 cars on the roads. It may be estimated that approximately 100 000 company cars enter, exit or are driven in the Brussels Region every day: they therefore undoubtedly have a significant impact on regional mobility. This article first attempts to describe the tax system for company cars along with the specificities of the cars concerned. Next, this synopsis describes the characteristics of the companies which provide these cars and the profile of the employees who use them. An analysis of the distances travelled by company cars and their impact on road traffic is conducted, as well as an assessment of the impact of the system on taxes and salaries. Finally, a brief analysis of the environmental impact of company cars is carried out concerning the production of greenhouse gases as well as the impact of emissions on human health. The challenges and debates related to company cars in Brussels and in Belgium are put into perspective at the end of the article.
Skin Wounding–Induced Monocyte Expansion in Mice Is Not Abrogated by IL-1 Receptor 1 Deficiency
Authors: Barman Pijus K. , Pang Jingbo , Urao Norifumi , Koh Timothy J.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine whether skin wounding induces monocyte (Mo) expansion in bone marrow and whether IL-1R1 signaling regulates this process. Our data show that skin wounding increases myeloid lineage–committed multipotent progenitors (MPP3 subset) and Mo in bone marrow, but this expansion is not impaired in Il1r1−/− mice. We also demonstrate that M-CSF–induced differentiation of myeloid progenitors into Mo is not impaired by the loss of IL-1R1 ex vivo, indicating that IL-R1 deficiency does not abrogate myeloid progenitor differentiation potential. In addition, we observed modestly delayed wound closure in Il1r1−/− mice associated with higher frequency of Ly6Clo Mo in the circulation at baseline and in wounds early after injury. Thus, in contrast to other models of inflammation that involve IL-1R1–dependent monopoiesis, our results demonstrate that skin wounding induces Mo progenitor and Mo expansion independently of IL-1R1 signaling.
Heterotopic Pregnancy with Suspicion of Superfetation after the Intrauterine Insemination Cycle with Ovulation Induction Using Clomiphene Citrate: A Case Report
Authors: Ito Ayumu , Furukawa Takamasa , Nakaoka Kentaro , Hayashi Rika , Namihira Tadashi , Kasai Sadanori , Shimai Kazuko , Takahashi Kenji , Nakakuma Masahito
Published: March 2019

At 22 days after intrauterine insemination with ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate at a previous hospital, a 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to right lower quadrant abdominal pain. We diagnosed threatened abortion because of a gestational sac in the uterus on transvaginal ultrasonography. The next day, she complained of increased abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a gestational sac-like structure in the echo free space. She was diagnosed with heterotopic pregnancy due to a ruptured right tubal pregnancy, underwent laparoscopic right salpingectomy. Rupture of a gestational age of 5 weeks is extremely rare. If this was a case of a heterotopic pregnancy due to superfetation, it could be explained as this clinical course. When a pregnant woman develops abdominal pain, heterotopic pregnancies should not be excluded from the differential diagnosis, and the possibility of superfetation should be taken into consideration.
Mineralizing angiopathy presenting with recurrence of basal ganglia stroke following minor head trauma
Authors: Bhardwaj H , Swami M , Singh A , Kaushik JS
Published: March 2019

Basal ganglia stroke secondary to mineralizing angiopathy of lenticulostriate arteries is a well-recognized clinical entity following minor head trauma in children. Recurrences are uncommon, and the majority of these recurrences occur within a few months of initial insult. We report a 2-year-old boy who developed recurrence of basal ganglia stroke after a latency of 18 months from the time of first unrecognized insult at 6 months of age. The case brings forth the need to recognize the condition of basal ganglia stroke secondary to mineralizing angiopathy considering the risk of recurrence to occur as far as 18 months after the first stroke.
Асимптотика собственных чисел длинных пластин Кирхгофа с защемленными краями
Authors: Bakharev Fedor Lvovich , Nazarov Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2019

Построены асимптотические разложения собственных чисел и функций задачи Дирихле для бигармонического оператора в тонких областях (пластины Кирхгофа с защемленными краями). Для прямоугольной пластины главные члены асимптотически определяются из задачи Дирихле для обыкновенного дифференциального уравнения второго порядка, а для $\mathsf T$-образного сочленения пластин - из другой предельной задачи в бесконечном волноводе, полученном объединением трех полуполос в форме литеры $\mathsf T$ и описывающем явление пограничного слоя. Сформулированы открытые вопросы, на которые разработанный метод не предоставил ответов.
Библиография: 33 названия.
Macro contexto contemporâneo e transformações econômicas: os ajustes espaciais cearenses
Authors: De Lima Junior Francisco Do O
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho analisa os ajustes espaciais cearenses face ao macro contexto contemporâneo de transformações econômicas. Partiu-se da hipótese de que os movimentos da reestruturação econômica exigiram ajustes territoriais profundos, redimensionando os papéis exercidos pelos centros urbanos a partir da lógica produtiva assumida por cada um deles. Seguiu-se método descritivo histórico-estrutural, utilizando dados secundários de órgãos oficiais (IBGE, MIDIC, e IPECE). Observou-se que os mecanismos de ajustes conformam o atual sistema urbano estadual, funcionalizados pela emersão de três arranjos estruturais urbanos nítidos com i) o avanço na metropolização, ii) o gradativo crescimento de centros intermediários constituídos por cidades médias polos de atração industrial incentivada e iii) os pequenos centros ligados às reservas dos espaços rurais em modernização via fruticultura irrigada.
Potencial geoturístico dos distritos do município de Ouro Preto com uso de geotecnologias
Authors: Lima Carolina De Souza , Ruchkys Úrsula De Azevedo
Published: March 2019

Ouro Preto tem bens reconhecidos como Patrimônio pela UNESCO o que lhe dá uma significativa projeção que fomenta o turismo, geralmente restrito a esses bens. Esta pesquisa propõe um método fundamentado na análise espacial e na quantificação de atrativos naturais relacionados ao geopatrimônio para os 12 distritos que integram o município. Para cada atrativo, são definidos valores sobre o potencial educativo e recreativo, além da quantificação do risco de degradação. Posteriormente, é feita uma interpolação considerando a intensidade e densidade das quantificações obtidas, o que resulta em cinco classes representantes do potencial geoturístico. Os resultados indicam que todos os distritos têm potencial para o geoturismo com destaque para Santo Antônio do Leite e Lavras Novas. Espera-se que esse estudo possa auxiliar no desenvolvimento do geoturismo na região.
Mine versus Wild: a plant conservation checklist of the rich Iron-Ore Ngovayang Massif Area (South Cameroon)
Authors: Droissart Vincent , Lachenaud Olivier , Dauby Gilles , Dessein Steven , Kamdem Gyslène , Nguembou K. Charlemagne , Simo-Droissart Murielle , Stévart Tariq , Taedoumg Hermann , Sonké Bonaventure
Published: March 2019

Background and aims – The rapid expansion of human activities in South Cameroon, particularly mining in mountainous areas, threatens this region’s exceptional biodiversity. To comprehend the effects of land-use change on plant diversity and identify conservation priorities, we aim at providing a first comprehensive plant checklist of the Ngovayang Massif, focusing on the two richest plant families, Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae.Location – The Ngovayang Massif Area (NMA) is located in the South Region of Cameroon. It is covered by lowland and submontane rainforest (100 to 1110 m elevation).Methods – We compiled a dataset of 6116 georeferenced herbarium specimens, of which 2787 belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae. We used rarefaction methods to explore sampling and diversity patterns, and investigated the altitudinal distribution of rare and/or threatened taxa.Key results – The NMA, which houses about 1500 vascular plant taxa, is the richest documented area for Rubiaceae in Atlantic Central Africa (ACA) and the fifth for Orchidaceae, with respectively 281 and 111 taxa. Among these taxa, 178 (45%) are endemic to ACA and 67 (17%) are considered globally threatened according to IUCN categories and criteria. We show that higher elevation areas (> 750 m), which are also the main areas targeted for mining, are the richest in endangered and/or rare species. Three new records for Cameroon are reported here.Conclusion – The NMA represents an Important Plant Area of Cameroon as confirmed by its exceptional plant diversity (> 20% of the total Flora of Cameroon), by the concentration of many threatened and/or restricted range species (10 taxa are strict endemics of the massif) as well as by the threat on rare habitats (i.e. the submontane vegetation above ~750 m elevation). A management plan involving in situ and ex situ conservation actions is urgently needed to reduce the potential threats of future mining activities.
Epidemiology of traumatic maxillofacial injuries in Queensland, Australia
Authors: S. Alsayad Fatima A.
Published: March 2019

Maxillofacial injury, also called facial trauma, is a major public health problem, representing a group of injuries in which there is an external force that traumatically injures the face. They comprise hard tissue as well as soft tissue injuries that exhibit different patterns of clinical features based on the severity and mechanism of the trauma. Traumatic maxillofacial injuries not only are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Queensland, Australia, but also have negative effects on quality of life, functional status, and social functioning. Further, they have a range of economic impacts, including on health care costs, employability, productivity, and insurability. Thus, control, minimization, and prevention of traumatic maxillofacial injuries have immediate health effectiveness, and considerable economic benefits.
Lack of evidence for the role of human adenovirus 36 in obesity of Egyptian children
Authors: Abdel-moniem Mehrevan M. , Ibrahim Ola M. , Gabr Azza A. , WM EL-Sonousy , Mohsen Manal A. , Hassaballah Fawzia A. , Aziz Ali Abdel , El Malt Heba
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Obesity has become the most prevalent chronic disorder that affects large populations, particularly children, all over the world. Although the cause of obesity has largely been considered to be multifactorial, the concept of a viral origin has been relatively understudied, in comparison with genetic and behavioral causes. Emerging evidence supports adenovirus 36 (Ad 36) as a potential cause of human obesity. We aimed to examine whether Ad 36 infection is associated with obesity and lipid disorders in Egyptian children.

Material and methods

One hundred and thirty children and adolescents were included in this study; 80 of them were obese and 50 were controls. All participated in physical and clinical examination. Personal habits of nutrition, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters including plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile and Ad 36-specific neutralizing antibodies were assessed.

Results

Food habit inquiries revealed that 70% of all children had snacks before lunch, which were significantly higher in carbohydrates and fats in obese subjects (p = 0.009). No significant difference in lipid profile was found between the 2 groups. Obese children had significantly higher levels of insulin and HOMA-IR index than the controls. Adenovirus 36 IgG was positive in only 2 of the obese children. Age was positively correlated with BAZ, insulin levels and HOMA index (r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.29, p = 0.001 and r = 0.22, p = 0.013, respectively). A positive correlation between insulin and BAZ (r = 0.24, p = 0.007) was found.

Conclusions

No association was found between obesity and infection with Ad 36 in Egyptian children, indicating that Ad 36 has a limited effect as a causative agent of obesity in the Egyptian community.
Unifying soil organic matter formation and persistence frameworks: the MEMS model
Authors: Robertson Andy D. , Paustian Keith , Ogle Stephen , Wallenstein Matthew D. , Lugato Emanuele , Cotrufo M. Francesca
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in ecosystem-scale biogeochemical models
have traditionally been simulated as immeasurable fluxes between conceptually
defined pools. This greatly limits how empirical data can be used to improve
model performance and reduce the uncertainty associated with their
predictions of carbon (C) cycling. Recent advances in our understanding of
the biogeochemical processes that govern SOM formation and persistence demand
a new mathematical model with a structure built around key mechanisms and
biogeochemically relevant pools. Here, we present one approach that aims to
address this need. Our new model (MEMS v1.0) is developed from the Microbial
Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization framework, which emphasizes the importance of
linking the chemistry of organic matter inputs with efficiency of microbial
processing and ultimately with the soil mineral matrix, when studying SOM
formation and stabilization. Building on this framework, MEMS v1.0 is also
capable of simulating the concept of C saturation and represents
decomposition processes and mechanisms of physico-chemical stabilization to
define SOM formation into four primary fractions. After describing the model
in detail, we optimize four key parameters identified through a
variance-based sensitivity analysis. Optimization employed soil fractionation
data from 154 sites with diverse environmental conditions, directly equating
mineral-associated organic matter and particulate organic matter fractions
with corresponding model pools. Finally, model performance was evaluated
using total topsoil (0–20 cm) C data from 8192 forest and grassland sites
across Europe. Despite the relative simplicity of the model, it was able to
accurately capture general trends in soil C stocks across extensive gradients
of temperature, precipitation, annual C inputs and soil texture. The novel
approach that MEMS v1.0 takes to simulate SOM dynamics has the potential to
improve our forecasts of how soils respond to management and environmental
perturbation. Ensuring these forecasts are accurate is key to effectively
informing policy that can address the sustainability of ecosystem services
and help mitigate climate change.
Spring net community production and its coupling with the CO2 dynamics in the surface water of the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Jiang Zong-Pei , Cai Wei-Jun , Lehrter John , Chen Baoshan , Ouyang Zhangxian , Le Chengfeng , Roberts Brian J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Net community production (NCP) in the surface mixed layer of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) and its coupling with the CO2 system were examined during the productive spring season. NCP was estimated using multiple approaches: (1) underway O2 and Ar ratio, (2) light/dark bottle oxygen incubations, and (3) non-conservative changes in dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients; in order to assess uncertainties and compare the temporal-spatial scales associated with the different approaches. NCP estimates derived from various methods showed similar pattern along the river-ocean mixing gradient. The NCPO2Ar estimated from the high resolution O2 and Ar underway measurement is characterized by negative rates (−25.4 mmol C m−2 d−1) at the high nutrient and high turbidity river end (salinity  31) oligotrophic offshore waters due to nutrient limitation. Air-sea CO2 fluxes generally showed corresponding changes from being a strong CO2 source in the river channel to a CO2 sink in the plume. CO2 fluxes were near zero in offshore waters indicating balanced autotrophy and heterotrophy at these sites. Overall, the surface water in the nGOM (93–89.25° W, 28.5–29.5° N) was strongly autotrophic during the spring season in spring 2017 with mean NCP rate of 21.2 mmol C m−2 d−1 and as a CO2 sink of −6.7 mmol C m−2 d−1. By using a 1-D model, we demonstrated that a temporal mismatch between in situ biological production and gas exchange of O2 and CO2 could result in decoupling between NCP and CO2 flux (e.g., autotropic water as a CO2 source outside the Mississippi river mouth and heterotopic water as a CO2 sink near the Atchafalaya Delta). This decoupling was a result of in situ biological production superimposed on the lingering background pCO2 from the source water because of the slow air-sea CO2 exchange rate and buffering effect of the carbonate system.
Puzzling Politics: A Methodology for Turning World-Systems Analysis Inside-Out
Authors: Gates Leslie C. , Deniz Mehmet
Published: March 2019

Can world-systems analysis illuminate politics? Can it help explain why illiberal regimes, outsider parties, and anti-immigrant rhetoric seem to be on the rise? Can it help explain any such nationalchanges that seem destined to shift how nations relate to world markets? Leading surveys of historical sociology seem to say no. We disagree. While there are problems with Wallerstein’s early mode of analyzing politicsin the capitalist world-system from the outside-in, historical sociologists have been too quick to dismiss world-systems analysis. We propose an alternative inside-out approach anchored in a methodology for selecting what to study: those national political transformations which constitute puzzling instances within a given world-historical political process. We recommend promising theoretical lineages to guide empirical research on the selected puzzle: those that specify the elite social bases of politics. We thereby  turn  world-systems  analysis  inside-out.  Our  inside-out  approach  advances  the  project  of  world-systems analysis as a methodology, rather than a theoretical prescription in several ways. First, it addresses an important but largely overlooked question: how to select what to study. Second, it devises a methodology that can, but does not have to, pair with the methodology of incorporated comparisons. Third, it offers a methodology that stimulates, rather than forecloses, theoretical flexibility and fresh interpretations of politics and the world-economy. We illustrate the strengths of this new approach with three books, two of which won the best book award from ASA’s Political Economy of the World System (PEWS) Section.
Ravi Palat. The Making of an Indian Ocean World-Economy, 1250-1650
Authors: Nierstrasz Chris
Published: March 2019

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Building Dual Power for a Symbiotic Future
Authors: Feldman Barry , Herson-Hord Mason
Published: March 2019

Radical democracy is a needed alternative to the formal representative democracy of Western societies where viable choices are constrained by the wealth and power of the ruling class. Dual power is a bottom-up strategy of building organic institutions of popular power within civil society instead of transient, disempowing electoral coalitions. These institutions of popular power can then come together, develop, and expand their own forms and spheres of governance to transcend the limits of neoliberalism and capitalism itself. It all starts where people live and work and with the alienation and everyday struggles of people everywhere.