bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active case detection and treatment of malaria in pregnancy using LAMP technology (LAMPREG): a pragmatic randomised diagnostic outcomes trial—study protocol
Authors: Gebresenbet Rediet Fikru , Kamaliddin Claire , Bekele Zelalem Mekonnen , Teferi Mekonnen , Tegegne Banchamlak , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Bayih Abebe Genetu , Pillai Dylan R
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Malaria is one of the major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. It contributes significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in affected countries. This study aims to evaluate the impact of enhanced case detection using molecular testing called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on birth outcomes in a prospective study design.

Methods and analysis

A pragmatic randomised diagnostic outcomes trial will be conducted in several health institutes in different Ethiopian regions. Women (n=2583) in their first and second trimesters of pregnancy will be included in the study and individually randomised to the standard of care or enhanced case detection arms, and followed until delivery. Enrolment will encompass the malaria peak transmission seasons. In the standard of care arm, a venous blood sample will be collected for malaria diagnosis only in symptomatic patients. In contrast, in the intervention arm, mothers will be tested by a commercially available Conformité Européene (CE)-approved LAMP malaria test, microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for malaria regardless of their symptoms at each antenatal care visit. The primary outcome of the study is to measure birth weight.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the following ethical research boards: Armauer Hansen Research Institute/ALERT Ethics Review Committee (FORM AF-10-015.1, Protocol number PO/05/20), the Ethiopia Ministry of Science and Higher Education National Research Ethics Review Committee (approval SRA/11.7/7115/20), the Ethiopia Food and Drug Administration (approval 02/25/33/I), UCalgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (REB21-0234). The study results will be shared with the institutions and stakeholders such as the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, the Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics, WHO’s Multilateral initiative on Malaria - Tropical Diseases Research (TDR-MIM), Roll Back Malaria and the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium. The study results will also be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT03754322.
Deep learning for automatic brain tumour segmentation on MRI: evaluation of recommended reporting criteria via a reproduction and replication study
Authors: Gryska Emilia , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella , Jakola Asgeir Store , Dunås Tora , Schneiderman Justin , Heckemann Rolf A
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To determine the reproducibility and replicability of studies that develop and validate segmentation methods for brain tumours on MRI and that follow established reproducibility criteria; and to evaluate whether the reporting guidelines are sufficient.

Methods

Two eligible validation studies of distinct deep learning (DL) methods were identified. We implemented the methods using published information and retraced the reported validation steps. We evaluated to what extent the description of the methods enabled reproduction of the results. We further attempted to replicate reported findings on a clinical set of images acquired at our institute consisting of high-grade and low-grade glioma (HGG, LGG), and meningioma (MNG) cases.

Results

We successfully reproduced one of the two tumour segmentation methods. Insufficient description of the preprocessing pipeline and our inability to replicate the pipeline resulted in failure to reproduce the second method. The replication of the first method showed promising results in terms of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and sensitivity (Sen) on HGG cases (DSC=0.77, Sen=0.88) and LGG cases (DSC=0.73, Sen=0.83), however, poorer performance was observed for MNG cases (DSC=0.61, Sen=0.71). Preprocessing errors were identified that contributed to low quantitative scores in some cases.

Conclusions

Established reproducibility criteria do not sufficiently emphasise description of the preprocessing pipeline. Discrepancies in preprocessing as a result of insufficient reporting are likely to influence segmentation outcomes and hinder clinical utilisation. A detailed description of the whole processing chain, including preprocessing, is thus necessary to obtain stronger evidence of the generalisability of DL-based brain tumour segmentation methods and to facilitate translation of the methods into clinical practice.
Prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors among hospitalised people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cao Guiying , Long Hai , Liang Yuedong , Liu Jue , Xie Xiaoxin , Fu Yanhua , He Juan , Song Su , Liu Siqi , Zhang Manna , Wu Yu , Wang Yaping , Du Min , Jing Wenzhan , Yuan Jie , Liu Min
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To estimate anaemia prevalence and the associated factors among hospitalised people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

PLHIV receiving ART and hospitalised in a specialised hospital for infectious disease in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, between 1 January 2018 and 31 March 2021.

Participants

A total of 6959 hospitalised PLHIV aged ≥18 years and receiving ART were included in this study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Anaemia was diagnosed as a haemoglobin concentration <120 g/L for non-pregnant females and <130 g/L for males. Mild, moderate and severe anaemia were diagnosed as below the gender‐specific lower limit of normal but ≥110 g/L, 80–110 g/L and <80 g/L, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of anaemia was 27.5%, and that of mild, moderate and severe anaemia was 9.2%, 12.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Results from multivariate logistic regression showed that females had increased odds of anaemia (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.60, 95% CI: 1.42 to 1.81) compared with males. Widowed or divorced inpatients (anaemia: aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.47; severe anaemia: aOR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.97) and thrombocytopenia inpatients (anaemia: aOR=4.25, 95% CI: 3.54 to 5.10; severe anaemia: aOR=4.16, 95% CI: 3.24 to 5.35) had increased odds of anaemia and severe anaemia compared with their counterparts. Hepatitis C was associated with increased odds of severe anaemia (aOR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.92).

Conclusions

Anaemia was prevalent among hospitalised PLHIV. Female sex, those widowed or divorced, and thrombocytopenia were associated with increased odds of anaemia, and those widowed or divorced, thrombocytopenia and hepatitis C were associated with increased odds of severe anaemia. Determination of anaemia predictors, early detection and timely management of anaemia are crucial to prevent anaemia progression.
Development of hypertensive complications in oocyte donation pregnancy: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (DONOR IPD)
Authors: van Bentem Kim , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise , van Lith Jan , le Cessie Saskia , Lashley Eileen
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The assisted reproductive technique of oocyte donation (OD) is comparable to in vitro fertilisation (IVF), with the distinction of using a donated oocyte and thus involving two women. Compared with IVF and naturally conceived (NC) pregnancies, OD pregnancies have a higher risk for pregnancy complications as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and pre-eclampsia (PE). Various covariates among women pregnant by OD, however, also contribute to an increased risk for developing hypertensive complications. Therefore, we will conduct the DONation of Oocytes in Reproduction individual participant data (DONOR IPD) meta-analysis to determine the risk for the development of hypertensive complications in OD pregnancy, in comparison to autologous oocyte pregnancy (non-donor IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and NC pregnancy). The DONOR IPD meta-analysis will provide an opportunity to adjust for confounders and perform subgroup analyses. Furthermore, IPD will be used to externally validate a prediction model for the development of PE in OD pregnancy.

Methods and analysis

A systematic literature search will be performed to search for studies that included women pregnant by OD, and documented on hypertensive complications in OD pregnancy. The authors from each study will be asked to collaborate and share IPD. Using the pseudoanonymised combined IPD, we will perform statistical analyses with one-stage and two-stage approaches, subgroup analyses and possibly time-to-event analyses to investigate the risk of developing hypertensive complications in OD pregnancy. Furthermore, we will formally assess a prediction model on its performance in an external validation with the use of IPD.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval and individual patient consent will not be required in most cases since this IPD meta-analysis will use existing pseudoanonymised data from cohort studies. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021267908.
Cohort profile: the Liyang cohort study on chronic diseases and risk factors monitoring in China (Liyang Study)
Authors: Zhou Liang , Hu Wei , Liu Siyuan , Qiao Yanan , He Dingliu , Xiong Shuting , Peng Liuming , Cao Lei , Wu Ying , Sun Na , Han Qiang , Chu Jiadong , Chen Xuanli , Li Tongxing , Feng Zhaolong , He Qida , Ke Chaofu , Shen Yueping
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The Liyang cohort study on chronic diseases and risk factors monitoring in China (Liyang Study) is a prospective population-based study which aims to investigate and identify the determinants of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to evaluate the impact of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary habits, cognition, disability and NCDs on the health-related quality of life.

Participants

Between March 2019 and June 2020, 10 056 individuals aged ≥18 years were administered a baseline survey through a multistage cluster random sampling in Liyang City, southern Jiangsu Province, China.

Findings to date

The Liyang Study included detailed sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related behaviour, common NCDs and blood sample information. Moreover, the study gathered a series of data on specific scales including the activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, abbreviated mental test, Food Frequency Questionnaire and EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels Scale. Of the 10 056 participants, 52.92% (n=5322) were female and 92.26% (n=9278) came from rural areas. The mean age was 49.9±16.2 years. Men were more likely to have a higher level of education, annual income and a paid job than women (p<0.05). The top three overall most prevalent NCDs in the study were hypertension (18.06%, n=1815), digestive diseases (7.88%, n=791), and arthritis or rheumatism (5.28%, n=530). Women had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (5.46%, n=290 vs 4.42%, n=209, p=0.016) and arthritis (6.04%, n=321 vs 4.42%, n=209, p<0.001) than men, while the opposite was true for chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.37%, n=65 vs 0.92%, n=49, p=0.032) and chronic hepatic diseases (0.80%, n=38 vs 0.47%, n=25, p=0.035).

Future plans

The current study will give valuable insights into the association between sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviour, diet, cognition, disability and genetic factors and the most prevalent NCDs among local community residents. Starting from 2022, a follow-up survey will be conducted every 3 years to further explore the causal relationship between the above factors and NCDs.
Predictors of mortality after atrial correction of transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Antonová Petra , Rohn Vilem , Chaloupecky Vaclav , Simkova Iveta , Kaldararova Monika , Zeman Jan , Popelova Jana , Havova Mariia , Janousek Jan
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To determine the long-term and transplantation-free survival of all patients after atrial correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in the Czech and Slovak republics, including its preoperative and perioperative determinants.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all 454 consecutive patients after atrial correction of TGA was performed. Of these, 126 (27.8%) were female, median age at operation was 7.4 months (Q1 5.3; Q3 13.3) and 164 (36.1%) underwent the Mustard procedure. The relationships between age, weight, the complexity of TGA, operative technique, additional surgical procedures, immediate postoperative presence of tricuspid regurgitation and revision procedures during follow-up to major composite outcome, as such defined as long-term and transplantation-free survival, were tested.

Results

Early 30-day mortality did not differ between the Mustard (9.76%) and Senning (8.97%) cohorts (p=0.866). The long-term and transplantation-free survival, which differed between the Mustard and Senning cohorts in favour of the Senning procedure (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.87), was shorter in complex TGA (HR 2.4; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.78) and in complex surgical interventions (HR 3.51; 95% CI 2.31 to 5.56). The immediate presence of at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation after correction was associated with a shorter long-term and transplantation-free survival in the univariate but not in the multivariable model.

Conclusions

The lower long-term survival of patients after an atrial switch operation of TGA in the Czech and Slovak republics is associated with greater complexity of TGA, complex surgical interventions and application of the the Mustard operative procedure.
Structural insights into engineering a T-cell receptor targeting MAGE-A10 with higher affinity and specificity for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Simister Philip C , Border Ellen C , Vieira João F , Pumphrey Nicholas J
Published: July 2022

Background

T-cell receptor (TCR) immunotherapy is becoming a viable modality in cancer treatment with efficacy in clinical trials. The safety of patients is paramount, so innovative cell engineering methods are being employed to exploit adaptive immunity while controlling the factors governing antigen receptor (ie, TCR) specificity and cross-reactivity. We recently reported a TCR engineering campaign and selectivity profiling assay (X-scan) targeting a melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A10 peptide. This helped to distinguish between two well-performing TCRs based on cross-reactivity potential during preclinical drug evaluation, allowing one to be advanced to T-cell immunotherapeutic clinical trials. Here, we present three-dimensional structural information on those TCRs, highlighting engineering improvements and molecular mechanisms likely underpinning differential selectivity.

Methods

Parental and engineered TCRs were purified and crystallized either alone or complexed to human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01 presenting the MAGE-A10 9-mer peptide, GLYDGMEHL (pHLA/MAGE-A10-9). Using X-ray diffraction, we solved four high-resolution crystal structures and evaluated them relative to previously reported functional results.

Results

The unligated parental TCR displayed similar complementarity-determining region (CDR) loop conformations when bound to pHLA/MAGE-A10-9; a rigid-body movement of TCR beta chain variable domain (TRBV) relative to TCR alpha chain variable domain helped optimal pHLA engagement. This first view of an HLA-bound MAGE-A10 peptide revealed an intrachain non-covalent ‘staple’ between peptide Tyr3 and Glu7. A subtle Glu31-Asp mutation in βCDR1 of the parental TCR generated a high-affinity derivative. Its pHLA-complexed structure shows that the shorter Asp leans toward the pHLA with resulting rigid-body TRBV shift, creating localized changes around the peptide’s C-terminus. Structural comparison with a less selective TCR indicated that differential cross-reactivity to MAGE-A10 peptide variants is most readily explained by alterations in surface electrostatics, and the size and geometry of TCR-peptide interfacial cavities.

Conclusions

Modest changes in engineered TCRs targeting MAGE-A10 produced significantly different properties. Conformational invariance of TCR and antigen peptide plus more space-filling CDR loop sequences may be desirable properties for clinically relevant TCR–pHLA systems to reduce the likelihood of structurally similar peptide mimics being tolerated by a TCR. Such properties may partially explain why the affinity-enhanced, in vitro-selected TCR has been generally well tolerated in patients.
T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant in a patient with B cell lymphoma after multiple doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Atanackovic Djordje , Kreitman Robert J , Cohen Jeffrey , Hardy Nancy M , Omili Destiny , Iraguha Thierry , Burbelo Peter D , Gebru Etse , Fan Xiaoxuan , Baddley John , Luetkens Tim , Dahiya Saurabh , Rapoport Aaron P
Published: July 2022

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are crucial for protection from future COVID-19 infections, limiting disease severity, and control of viral transmission. While patients with the most common type of hematologic malignancy, B cell lymphoma, often develop insufficient antibody responses to messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, vaccine-induced T cells would have the potential to ‘rescue’ protective immunity in patients with B cell lymphoma. Here we report the case of a patient with B cell lymphoma with profound B cell depletion after initial chemoimmunotherapy who received a total of six doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The patient developed vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies only after the fifth and sixth doses of the vaccine once his B cells had started to recover. Remarkably, even in the context of severe treatment-induced suppression of the humoral immune system, the patient was able to mount virus-specific CD4+and CD8+responses that were much stronger than what would be expected in healthy subjects after two to three doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and which were even able to target the Omicron ‘immune escape’ variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These findings not only have important implications for anti-COVID-19 vaccination strategies but also for future antitumor vaccines in patients with cancer with profound treatment-induced immunosuppression.
The influence of human disturbance on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) in the diet of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in two areas of coastal British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Shardlow Thomas F. , Van Elslander Jonathan , Mowat G.
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861) in the diet of bears, and of bears as consumers and key agents supporting the transport of salmon-derived nutrients to riparian ecosystems. Salmon abundance and human disturbance are known influences on bear ecology and behaviour, though few studies have quantified shifts in bear diet due to these effects. We used stable isotope analysis to investigate how salmon escapement and human presence influenced the proportion of salmon in the diet of American black bears ( Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) in two locations in coastal British Columbia, Canada. We found that salmon constituted a small proportion of black bear diet across sexes and ecosystems, while bears appeared to gain a similar amount of energy and lean mass from terrestrial sources. Salmon consumption was not related to the total annual abundance of salmon in a watershed but was significantly lower in large streams with regular human presence, suggesting that human disturbance can cause a dietary shift in bears that could have important consequences to their fitness. We also observed that the isotopic signatures of key bear foods did not vary between foliage and fruit, simplifying data collection for future isotopic studies on bear diet.
Dark matter in a charged variant of the Scotogenic model
Authors: De Romeri Valentina , Puerta Miguel , Vicente Avelino
Published: July 2022

Scotogenic models are among the most popular possibilities to link dark matter and neutrino masses. In this work we discuss a variant of the Scotogenic model that includes charged fermions and a doublet with hypercharge 3/2. Neutrino masses are induced at the one-loop level thanks to the states belonging to the dark sector. However, in contrast to the standard Scotogenic model, only the scalar dark matter candidate is viable in this version. After presenting the model and explaining some particularities about neutrino mass generation, we concentrate on its dark matter phenomenology. We show that the observed dark matter relic density can be correctly reproduced in the usual parameter space regions found for the standard Scotogenic model or the Inert Doublet model. In addition, the presence of the charged fermions opens up new viable regions, not present in the original scenarios, provided some tuning of the parameters is allowed.
Fluid accretion upon higher-dimensional wormhole and black hole for parameterized deceleration parameter
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Tanwi , Debnath Ujjal
Published: July 2022

In this work, we study some parameterizations of the deceleration parameter and investigate the accretion of the fluid in these parameterized models upon the higher-dimensional black hole (BH) and wormholes. For the undergoing analysis, [Formula: see text]-dimensional wormhole (proposed by Morris and Thorne) and Schwarzschild BH were chosen in the backdrop of higher-dimensional Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) space-time. For these parameterized models, we analyze the change of masses of BH and wormhole in different dimensions.
New insights into the structure, geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity along the central-northern Corona Ridge, Faroe–Shetland Basin
Authors: Layfield Lucinda K. , Schofield Nick , Jolley David W. , Holford Simon P. , Volintir Tudor-Remus , Kilhams Ben A. , Muirhead David K. , Cromie Helen
Published: July 2022

The Faroe–Shetland Basin (FSB) is one of the only significant exploration frontiers remaining on the UK Continental Shelf. Over half of the basin's discovered reserves and resources lie along two intra-basinal highs, the Corona Ridge and the Rona Ridge. In contrast to the Rona Ridge, the central-northern Corona Ridge has received much less attention. To reveal new insights into the geology, structural configuration and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the central-northern Corona Ridge, we analyse 3D seismic data and data from the exploration wells 213/23-1 (Eriboll), 214/21a-2 (South Uist) and 213/25c-1V (North Uist). This study extends the Colsay T40–T45 sub- and intra-basaltic play concept from the Rosebank Field NE along the Corona Ridge, at least into well 213/23-1. Analysis also suggests that no Triassic strata are present within well 213/23-1, challenging the previous understanding of Triassic distribution within the central FSB. Our findings show that the central-northern Corona Ridge is structurally complex, comprising a series of discrete basement-bounding faults, downflank fault terraces and faults that are oblique to the dominant NE–SW-striking structural fabric of the FSB.
Development of a Dataset and a Deep Learning Baseline Named Entity Recognizer for Three Low Resource Languages: Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Magahi
Authors: Mundotiya Rajesh , Kumar Shantanu , Kumar Ajeet , Chaudhary Umesh , Chauhan Supriya , Mishra Swasti , Gatla Praveen , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: July 2022

In Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the preliminary problems, which marks proper nouns and other named entities such as Location, Person, Organization, Disease and so on. Such entities, without an NER module, adversely affect the performance of a machine translation system. NER helps in overcoming this problem by recognizing and handling such entities separately, although it can be useful in Information Extraction systems also. Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Magahi are low resource languages, usually known as Purvanchal languages. This article focuses on the development of an NER benchmark dataset for Machine Translation systems developed to translate from these languages to Hindi by annotating parts of the available corpora with named entities. Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Magahi corpora of sizes 228,373, 157,468, and 56,190 tokens, respectively, were annotated using 22 entity labels. The annotation considers coarse-grained annotation labels followed by the tagset used in one of the Hindi NER datasets. We also report a Deep Learning baseline that uses an LSTM-CNNs-CRF model. The lower baseline F
1
-scores from the NER tool obtained by using Conditional Random Fields models are 70.56% for Bhojpuri, 73.19% for Maithili, and 84.18% for Magahi. The Deep Learning-based technique (LSTM-CNNs-CRF) achieved 61.41% for Bhojpuri, 71.38% for Maithili, and 86.39% for Magahi. As the results show, LSTM-CNNs-CRF fails to outperform the lower baseline in the case of Bhojpuri and Maithili, which have more data in terms of the number of tokens, but not in terms of the number of named entities. However, the cross-lingual model training of LSTM-CNNs-CRF for Bhojpuri and Maithili performed better than the CRF.
Designing and Developing a Weed Detection Model for California Thistle
Authors: Chegini Hossein , Beltran Fernando , Mahanti Aniket
Published: July 2022

With a great percentage of farms in New Zealand as pastures, they are mainly important in contributing to the milk and meat industries. Pasture quality is highly affected by weeds. Weeds grow fast and invade pastures by seed pollination. They consume the nutrients, water, and other minerals, and once they are bitter, cattle do not eat them. Therefore, dairy farmers have to allocate a significant portion of their budget and time to monitor and clean weeds. Unfortunately, most weed management tasks are manual with no consistent technology. Thus, the motivation behind this article was to design an object detection model for weed monitoring and control in pastures. The model was designed and tested on California thistle, a dominant and widespread weed on New Zealand pastures. Our study is one of the major model designs for identifying weeds in an in-pasture environment, one of the most complicated environments for any object detection model. A synthetic methodology was used to create three types of datasets: plant-based, leaf-based, and mixed. The trained model based on the leaf-based dataset is one of the major contributions of our work and has not been conducted by any other weed detection models. After models had been trained, tuning experimentation was undertaken to improve the model’s performance. This involved studying the model’s hyperparameters in various ranges and then recording their values at the optimum points. The improved model showed a 93% mAP accuracy in the detection of training images and over 95% accuracy for testing images. The experimentation showed that the leaf-based model was slightly better than other models. The model can automate highly any weed management system. The use of this model will save farmers time and money and help them reduce the errors of manual work.
Quantum Software Components and Platforms: Overview and Quality Assessment
Authors: Serrano Manuel A. , Cruz-Lemus José A. , Perez-Castillo Ricardo , Piattini Mario
Published: July 2022

Quantum computing is the latest revolution in computing and will probably come to be seen as an advance as important as the steam engine or the information society. In the last few decades, our understanding of quantum computers has expanded and multiple efforts have been made to create languages, libraries, tools, and environments to facilitate their programming. Nonetheless, quantum computers are complex systems at the bottom of a stack of layers that programmers need to understand. Hence, efforts towards creating quantum programming languages and computing environments that can abstract low-level technology details have become crucial steps to achieve a useful quantum computing technology. However, most of these environments still lack many of the features that would be desirable, such as those outlined in The Talavera Manifesto for Quantum Software Engineering and Programming. For advancing quantum computing, we will need to develop quantum software engineering techniques and tools to ensure the feasibility of this new type of quantum software. To contribute to this goal, this paper provides a review of the main quantum software components and platforms. We also propose a set of quality requirements for the development of quantum software platforms and the conduct of their quality assessment.
Sociotechnical Considerations About Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal
Authors: Cooley Sarah R. , Klinsky Sonja , Morrow David R. , Satterfield Terre
Published: July 2022

Ocean carbon dioxide removal (OCDR) is rapidly attracting interest, as climate change is putting ecosystems at risk and endangering human communities globally. Due to the centrality of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, augmenting the carbon sequestration capacity of the ocean could be a powerful mechanism for the removal of legacy excess emissions. However, OCDR requires careful assessment due to the unique biophysical characteristics of the ocean and its centrality in the Earth system and many social systems. Using a sociotechnical system lens, this review identifies the sets of considerations that need to be included within robust assessments for OCDR decision-making. Specifically, it lays out the state of technical assessments of OCDR approaches along with key financial concerns, social issues (including public perceptions), and the underlying ethical debates and concerns that would need to be addressed if OCDR were to be deployed as a carbon dioxide removal strategy.
High-Energy Extragalactic Neutrino Astrophysics
Authors: Kurahashi Naoko , Murase Kohta , Santander Marcos
Published: July 2022

The detection of an astrophysical flux of neutrinos in the TeV–PeV energy range by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has opened new possibilities for the study of extreme cosmic accelerators. The apparent isotropy of the neutrino arrival directions favors an extragalactic origin for this flux, potentially created by a large population of distant sources. Recent evidence for the detection of neutrino emission from extragalactic sources includes the active galaxies TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068. We here review the current status of the search for the sources of the high-energy neutrino flux, concentrating on its extragalactic contribution. We discuss the implications of these observations for multimessenger studies of cosmic sources and present an outlook for how additional observations by current and future instruments will help address fundamental questions in the emerging field of high-energy neutrino astronomy.
The Healing Effects of Piano Practice-Induced Hand Muscle Injury
Authors: Yu Hecheng , Luo Xiaoming
Published: July 2022

Background. The muscles related to piano practice are mainly concentrated in the fingers and upper limbs, and the muscles related to other parts of the body are weak. Compared with other sports injuries, the injuries caused by piano practice are mainly chronic injuries caused by long-term strain of the upper limbs, and acute injuries rarely occur. The purpose of this study was to analyze the therapeutic effect of hand muscle injury caused by piano practice. Method. A total of 60 patients with hand muscle injury caused by piano practice admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were selected. According to the number random grouping method, they were randomly divided into two groups. There were 30 patients in the observation group, including 20 males and 10 females, aged 24-53 (

39.51
±
7.01

) years old, and the course of disease was 1-5 (

3.24
±
1.62

) months. In the control group, there were 30 patients, including 18 males and 12 females, aged 24-56 (

39.62
±
7.17

) years old, and the course of disease was 1.5-5 (

3.14
±
1.71

) months. If the observation group experienced excessive pain, the group took ibuprofen sustained-release capsules. On weekdays, exercise your fingers 2-3 times per day. After the intervention, the wrist joint function score of the observation group was higher than that before the intervention. Results. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in pain level scores between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). After treatment, the limb pain score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. The effective rate of hand tendon rehabilitation in the observation group was 93.33%. The effective rate of hand tendon rehabilitation in the control group was 70.00%. The comparison results showed that there was statistical significance (

P
<
0.05

). The score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Piano workouts can cause hand muscle difficulties, which can be alleviated by daily finger gymnastics. Daily finger exercises are simple and not limited by time and place. Piano practitioners can use the spare time of daily training and performance to exercise for a long time, so as to prevent or recover finger muscle damage caused by piano practice. It has the potential to help pianists avoid hand muscle injuries when practicing while also allowing music to reach its full potential.
Liquid Embolization of Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations with Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Pfeifer Jochen , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim
Published: July 2022

In the postnatal period, extensive peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are associated with high morbidity, especially when localized in the liver. Their urgent treatment is always a challenging problem in neonates and infants. We analyzed four consecutive children aged three days to three years who underwent eight liquid embolization procedures with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. The AVM were situated on the thoracic wall, in the liver, and on the lower leg. In three cases, the malformations showed total regression. The tibial AVM degenerated widely. If impaired beforehand, cardiac or hepatic function normalized after the interventions. There were no embolization-associated complications such as nontarget embolization or tissue ischemia. We conclude that application of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer seems to be a safe therapeutic option and can be used in neonates and infants with peripheral AVM in consideration of the agent’s characteristics. Nevertheless, there are still hardly any data concerning young children.
Computing Connection Distance Index of Derived Graphs
Authors: Farid Faiz , Javaid Muhammad , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: July 2022

Distance based topological indices (TIs) play a vital role in the study of various structural and chemical aspects for the molecular graphs. The first distance-based TI is used to find the boiling point of paraffin. The connection distance (CD) index is a latest developed TI that is defined as the sum of all the products of distances between pair of vertices with the sum of their respective connection numbers . In this paper, we computed CD indices of the different derived graphs (subdivision graph

S

G

, vertex-semitotal graph

R

G

, edge-semitotal graph

Q

G

and total graph

T

G

obtained from the graph

G

under various operations of subdivision in the form of degree distance (DD) and CD indices of the basic graphs including some other algebraic expressions.
Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Ceramics in Yuan River Basin
Authors: Wei Zhang , Cheng Xuemin
Published: July 2022

Yuanshui River is the third largest tributary of the Yangtze River and one of the four major water systems of Dongting Lake. It originated in Jiguanling, Wu Yun, Duyun City, Guizhou Province, and Pingyue Mountain, Majiang County. It flows eastward to Tuokou Town, Hongjiang city, Hunan Province, where it joins Qushui and is called Yuanshui. Ceramic is the representative of Chinese traditional culture. In the long-term development process, there are many kinds of ceramics with brilliant history and exquisite skills. At present, when the traditional national culture is seriously lost, protecting and developing the traditional national ceramic skills in Yuanshui River Basin will help us to fully understand the traditional national culture in Yuanshui River Basin, carry forward the excellent traditional national culture in Yuanshui River Basin, and enhance national self-confidence. Based on this, this paper analyzes the inheritance and innovation of traditional ceramic crafts in Yuanshui River Basin and constructs the mechanical characteristic model of ceramic crafts with data simulation method. Combine the innovative consciousness of keeping pace with the times with the spirit and quality of the times to realize the all-round development of ceramic art.
Analysis and Prediction of Body Test Results Based on Improved Backpropagation Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Ma Zhanju , Wang Yao
Published: July 2022

The mining and analysis of student achievement data is of great importance to teaching management. Using the relevant data of college students’ physical fitness test and sports performance as the object of research, a BP neural network model is developed to predict performance. Based on BP neural network, an algorithm for predicting students’ endurance performance is proposed, which is applied to the sunshine long-distance intelligent sports testing system at Hangzhou Dianzi University. The nonlinear relationship between students’ performance in sunshine running and endurance performance is determined, and students’ performance in sunshine running is used to predict their endurance performance the following year. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the model is above 85%. At the same time, the prediction results are combined with the Internet of things technology to produce a student sports prescription management system, which sets different sunshine running parameters for students with different predicted results and provides personalized sports prescriptions for students with different physical conditions, which has extensive and far-reaching application value.
Analysis of Digital Life Effect of Residents’ Trust Based on Multivariate Discrete Choice Model
Authors: Zeng Fan , Cao Xiao , Zhang Huan-Ming
Published: July 2022

In view of the impact of digital life on residents’ trust, firstly, based on the data of China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this paper analyzes the change of residents’ trust in the era of data flooding. Through basic research and marginal effect analysis, it is found that digital life enhances residents’ trust. Secondly, the robustness of the conclusion is confirmed by constructing a series of models such as ordered probit of instrumental variable (IV-O probit), ordered probit of propensity score matching method (PSM-O probit), and ordered probit Heckman (O-probit-Heckman). Finally, through the mechanism test, it is concluded that digital life can enhance residents’ trust by increasing social activities and forming an inclusive social environment. It will also increase trust by obtaining information and increasing their cognitive level. The conclusion that digital life can enhance residents’ trust is more prominent among urban residents, nonpoor Hukou residents, and Han residents. Further research shows that the breadth and depth of digital life have a positive impact on residents’ trust, and digital life can improve residents’ risk tolerance.
The Value Chain of Moringa oleifera Plant and the Process of Producing Its Biodiesel in Ghana
Authors: Takase Mohammed , Essandoh Paul Kwame , Asare Richard Kwadzo , Nazir Kizzie-Hayford
Published: July 2022

Moringa oleifera grows well in different parts of Africa, including Ghana, and throughout the world as it can tolerate moderate cold and severe drought. Dubbed as the “Miracle Tree,” Moringa has a number of nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. It is also used as a cure for diabetes and various forms of cancer. Another promising use of this plant is the production of biodiesel. However, such application demands vast cultivation areas and this can lead to competition with the cultivation of crops for food, forestry, and environmental protection. Furthermore, it requires suitable cultivation schedules that favor the growth of pods containing oil-rich seeds. The present work investigates the availability of land for Moringa cultivation in Ghana to increase the energy production from the plant. The study reports on an overview of the soil, water, and climatic conditions that favor Moringa oleifera cultivation and oil production, the conversion of Moringa oleifera oil to biodiesel, and the performance of Moringa oleifera biodiesel versus mineral diesel as well as the commercial enhancement of the Moringa product.
Experimental Study on Bearing Capacity of Normal‐ and High‐Strength Steel Screw Anchors
Authors: Shao Guodong , Lyu Xiao , Wang Wenming , Ding Shijun , Li Jing , Ding Mintao , Sheng Hanke
Published: July 2022

In order to study the bearing capacity of high‐strength steel screw anchors, six groups of screw anchors with different parameters are carried out in in situ construction and tensile capacity test, and the load‐displacement curves of screw anchors with different parameters are obtained. The bearing mechanism, design method, and key design parameters of screw anchors are analyzed. Meanwhile, the test results are compared with theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, respectively. The results show that the drawing capacity of high‐strength screw anchor calculated by the existing standard theoretical calculation formula is conservative. The load capacity of high‐strength steel screw anchor is significantly higher than that of ordinary strength steel screw anchor. Taking steel strength, buried depth, quantity, distance, and diameter as the influencing factors, parametric analysis is conducted on the uplift capacity of high‐strength steel screw anchor in this paper. The embedding depth of screw anchor, the number, spacing, and diameter of anchor plates have significant influence on the drawing capacity of screw anchor. The construction technology of high‐strength steel screw anchor is reliable, and the bearing capacity is good, which can be applied in the soft‐soil power transmission line projects, such as bog and coastal beach. Meanwhile, the research results can provide reference for the design and construction of screw anchor foundation.
Application of the Mixed Teaching Model using Internet+ for Clinical Courses of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhou Mi , Chen Meining , Pu Hong
Published: July 2022

With the arrival of the Internet + era and the need for development and personnel training, the traditional teaching model of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) needs to be transformed into a mixed teaching mode. In addition, the TCM English teaching resources from which learners can pick are restricted, and certain critical revised TCM material is not delivered on time. For high-quality delivery of service to TCM English learners, a system with materials and communication is considered extremely important. In this connection, “Internet +” provides both possibilities and problems for the advancement of TCM English instruction, which has considered a key to advanced TCM. Therefore, motivated by the development of “Internet +,” we try to establish a relevant analysis of the mixed teaching model and propose the implementation path and method of the mixed teaching model of traditional Chinese medicine: changing ideas and guiding students to enter into deep learning to build a teaching community; integration and reform of online teaching and classroom teaching of traditional Chinese medicine; emphasis on developmental evaluation. The evaluation is based on whether it provides students with meaningful Chinese medicine learning experience and deep learning status as the evaluation criteria.
Extragradient Methods for Solving Split Feasibility Problem and General Equilibrium Problem and Resolvent Operators in Banach Spaces
Authors: Ghadampour Mostafa
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new extragradient algorithm by using generalized metric projection. We prove a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the solution set of split feasibility problem and the set of fixed points of relatively nonexpansive mapping and a finite family of resolvent operator and the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem.
Viscoelastic Fractional Model Based on Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Ma Ruiqun , Ni Min , Chen Quanlong , Zhou Yinjia , Han Jinglong
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the viscoelastic fractional constitutive model based on the analytical form of the fractional derivative of the sine (cosine) function. First, the polynomials of the linear model are combined into a fractional derivative term, then the complex modulus can be easily obtained, and the response characteristics of the model can be analyzed. Second, the fractional nonlinear model is expressed in harmonic form, which can easily identify nonlinear parameters. Finally, fractional-order nonlinear models can also be transformed into integer-order nonlinear forms. In this paper, the transformation model is verified by literature test data, which show the correctness and accuracy of the transformation form.
[Retracted] The Efficacy of Remifentanil Combined with Propofol in Craniotomy for Tumor Was Evaluated by Wake Quality, Hemodynamics, and Adverse Reactions
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Han Yanan , Chen Jun
Published: July 2022

In order to investigate the effect of remifentanil combined with propofol on awakening of craniotomy for tumor, a retrospective analysis is conducted. 86 patients who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor in our hospital from July 2020 to December 2021 are chosen to observe the quality of awakening, hemodynamic parameters, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. All patients are divided into group A (n = 43) and group B (n = 43) according to the use of anesthesia drugs. The intraoperative awakening quality and the hemodynamic parameters during different periods of the two groups are compared. The experimental results show that the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in group B is significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05). It is clearly evident that remifentanil combined with protocol has good intraoperative wake‐up effect in craniotomy for tumor and maintain the hemodynamic stability of patients. Also, it can obtain high wake‐up quality and effectively reduce postoperative adverse reactions.