bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de alumnado de Educación Primaria: estudio descriptivo de un colegio de Pontevedra
Authors: Lois Carro Luis , Rial Rebullido Tamara
Published: June 2016

El aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil es un problema actual de salud pública. La implementación de estrategias educativas sobre hábitos de vida saludable a edades tempranas es un adecuado medio de prevención y cambio.  El objetivo del estudio fue describir los hábitos de alimentación y de actividad física en alumnado de primaria de un colegio de Pontevedra para obtener datos previos a futuras intervenciones educativas. Sobre una muestra de un total de 75 alumnos/as de 4º de Educación Primaria del Colegio Sagrado Corazón (Pontevedra, España) se administró un cuestionario realizado ad hoc de un total de 20 preguntas sobre sus hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física. Además se calculó su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). De los resultados se destaca que un 32% no realiza desayuno a media mañana y un 10,6% del alumnado posee sobrepeso. El nivel de actividad física es más alto en niños que niñas. En función de los resultados se vislumbra la necesidad de fomentar estrategias educativas para incrementar tanto los niveles de actividad física y de educación nutricional en la etapa de educación primaria.
Análisis descriptivo de las sesiones e instalaciones de psicomotricidad en el aula de educación infantil
Authors: Pons Rodríguez Rebeca , Arufe Giráldez Víctor
Published: June 2016

Numerosos autores señalan la importancia de un correcto trabajo de psicomotricidad en educación infantil para garantizar mejoras en el ámbito cognitivo, social, afectivo-emocional y físico. La ausencia de estudios oficiales en España que aborden íntegramente este campo de conocimiento y la falta de instalaciones adecuadas en los centros educativos, así como un nubloso reconocimiento dentro del currículum educativo. Con esta investigación, se indaga en la realidad del trabajo de psicomotricidad en el aula, desde la mirada del alumnado de prácticas del Grado en Educación infantil. El objetivo es conocer la duración y periodicidad de las sesiones de psicomotricidad, así como las instalaciones donde se desarrollan. Participaron en el estudio un total de 106 alumnos de las universidades de Galicia. La visión de éstos nos muestra carencias en el trabajo de psicomotricidad realizado por los docentes. Se constata un escaso número de sesiones, un 18% de la población del estudio no desarrollaban ninguna sesión, y sólo alrededor de un 8% disfrutaban de 3 o más sesiones de trabajo psicomotriz. En cuanto a instalaciones más de un 30% realizaban las clases de psicomotricidad en espacios no adecuados, tales como la propia aula ordinaria o pasillos del centro. Se concluye que, el trabajo de psicomotricidad en los centros educativos no es satisfactorio en cuanto tiempo y espacios, siendo contrario al pensamiento de los alumnos de prácticas que abogan por un mayor protagonismo de este trabajo en esta etapa educativa, dados los beneficios para el desarrollo y aprendizaje motor constatados en la literatura científica.
Empathy in Piano Duet Rehearsal and Performance: A Response to Haddon and Hutchinson
Authors: Seddon Fred
Published: June 2016

This review comments upon the article entitled above. The article is well written and describes an interesting and original study. This review critiques the Method and Discussion sections of the article and offers suggestions for future research. Three specific points from the method are considered relating to: dual roles as researcher-musicians, the use of reflective diaries in research, and the impact on the research of the prior relationship between the authors. The unique role of “written empathy” is discussed within the context of empathic relationships. Also, this review considers how shifts from verbal to non-verbal communication may indicate movement from a “top-down” to “bottom up” response, and how this shift is related to “empathetic attunement.”
Musical Sounds, Motor Resonance, and Detectable Agency
Authors: Launay Jacques
Published: June 2016

This paper discusses the paradox that while human music making evolved and spread in an environment where it could only occur in groups, it is now often apparently an enjoyable asocial phenomenon. Here I argue that music is, by definition, sound that we believe has been in some way organized by a human agent, meaning that listening to any musical sounds can be a social experience. There are a number of distinct mechanisms by which we might associate musical sound with agency. While some of these mechanisms involve learning motor associations with that sound, it is also possible to have a more direct relationship from musical sound to agency, and the relative importance of these potentially independent mechanisms should be further explored. Overall, I conclude that the apparent paradox of solipsistic musical engagement is in fact unproblematic, because the way that we perceive and experience musical sounds is inherently social.
Empathic Listening as a Transferable Skill
Authors: Gritten Anthony
Published: June 2016

This text responds to Deniz Peters’ argument with three things: a broad context for empathic listening based on its value as a transferable skill; a comment on the relationship between musical empathy and “social empathy via music”; and a comment on the “indeterminacy” at the beginning of empathic listening.
Can Music Increase Empathy? Interpreting Musical Experience Through the Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) Theory: Implications for Autism
Authors: Greenberg David M. , Rentfrow Peter J. , Baron-Cohen Simon
Published: June 2016

Recent research has provided evidence that musical interaction can promote empathy. Yet little is known about the underlying intrapersonal and social psychological processes that are involved when this occurs. For example, which types of music increase empathy and which types decrease it; what role, if any, does empathy play in determining individual differences in musical preference, perception, and performance; or, how do these psychological underpinnings help explain the musical experiences of people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). To address these questions we employ the Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) theory as a fruitful framework in which to understand these music-related phenomena. Specifically, we explore how individual differences in musical preference, perception, and performance can be explained by E-S theory. We provide examples from open-ended descriptions of strong musical experiences to demonstrate the ways in which empathy and music inter-relate. Importantly, we discuss the implications for the study of autism, and for how music therapists and clinicians can use music as a tool in their work with individuals diagnosed with ASC.
Corpus Studies of Harmony in Popular Music: A Response to Gauvin
Authors: DeClercq Trevor
Published: June 2016

This paper responds to the research presented in Gauvin’s paper on the evolution of harmonic syntax in popular music from the 1960s.  I begin by situating the findings from his second study (on flat-side harmonies) within the context of my corpus work with David Temperley on harmony in popular music.  Gauvin’s results are similar to ours, although some important differences are worth noting.  I also provide an interpretation of the results from his first study (on modulation), which Gauvin found to be inconsistent with his proposed hypothesis.  Specifically, I conjecture that modulation and harmonic palette may be in balance with one another, in that listeners may prefer songs where harmonic content is at a medium level of complexity.  Gauvin’s study also brings forth some basic issues with regard to harmonic encoding, in terms of both the subjectivity of the analytical process as well as the ease by which harmonic analyses are shared with and verified by other researchers.
Major-Minor Tonality, Schenkerian Prolongation, and Emotion: A commentary on Huron and Davis (2012)
Authors: Parncutt Richard
Published: June 2016

On average, melodies in minor keys have smaller intervals between successive tones than melodies in major keys - consistent with the emotional difference between major and minor (Huron, 2008). Huron and Davis (2012) additionally showed that a part of this difference is inherent in the structure of major and minor scales, in combination with typical patterns of transition between scale steps: If one takes a typical major melody and lowers scale steps 3 and 6 by a semitone, the average interval size is optimally reduced. I present an alternative theory of the origin of major and minor scales/keys and their emotional connotations. Huron’s (2006) data on scale-step transitions in typical melodies is consistent with Schenker’s (1922, 1935) idea that a piece of tonal music can be interpreted as a prolongation of its tonic triad (mediated by the Ursatz). The emotional difference between major and minor may ultimately and primarily depend on the third of the tonic triad in the psychological background. Major music may tend toward positive valence simply because emotionally positive music is more common than emotionally negative music, and major triads and keys are more common than minor. Minor music may tend toward negative valence simply because scale degrees 3 and 6 sound lower than expected, consistent with emotional cues in speech (Huron, 2008).
Interval Size and Affect: An Ethnomusicological Perspective
Authors: Moore Sarha
Published: June 2016

This commentary addresses Huron and Davis’s question of whether “The Harmonic Minor Provides an Optimum Way of Reducing Average Melodic Interval Size, Consistent with Sad Affect Cues” within any non-Western musical cultures. The harmonic minor scale and other semitone-heavy scales, such as Bhairav raga and Hicaz makam, are featured widely in the musical cultures of North India and the Middle East. Do melodies from these genres also have a preponderance of semitone intervals and low incidence of the augmented second interval, as in Huron and Davis’s sample? Does the presence of more semitone intervals in a melody affect its emotional connotations in different cultural settings? Are all semitone intervals equal in their effect? My own ethnographic research within these cultures reveals comparable connotations in melodies that linger on semitone intervals, centered on concepts of tension and metaphors of falling. However, across different musical cultures there may also be neutral or lively interpretations of these same pitch sets, dependent on context,manner of performance, and tradition. Small pitch movement may also be associated with social functions such as prayer or lullabies, and may not be described as “sad.” “Sad,” moreover may not connote the same affect cross-culturally.
Mixtapes and Turntablism: DJs’ Perspectives on Musical Shape
Authors: Greasley Alinka E. , Prior Helen M.
Published: June 2016

The notion of musical shape is widely used by performing musicians, but most studies have focussed on classical performing contexts. This paper extends this research to DJs performing on turntables, chosen in light of existing evidence from a questionnaire study suggesting that shape may be a useful concept for some DJs. This paper presents an interview study investigating the use and understanding of musical shaping by three professional DJs with varied backgrounds. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings suggest that DJs do use the notion of shape implicitly when planning and executing their sets, and that playing sets without any shaping involves playing the music badly. DJs reported using the idea of shaping to modify a track while it was playing; to help control the transition between tracks; and in relation to the overall trajectory of a set. There was evidence that participants understood musical shaping multi-modally, through gesture and visual representation as well as sound; and results show ways in which DJs draw on heuristics to signify complex combinations of technical devices that create a particular musical shape or sound. The findings are considered in relation to existing work on performers’ use of musical shape as well as work on the practice of DJs.
Sonifying the Shape of Human Body Motion using Motiongrams
Authors: Jensenius Alexander Refsum , God Rolf Inge
Published: June 2016

The paper presents sonomotiongram, a technique for the creation of auditory displays of human body motion based on motiongrams. A motiongram is a visual display of motion, based on frame differencing and reduction of a regular video recording. The resultant motiongram shows the spatial shape of the motion as it unfolds in time, somewhat similar to the way in which spectrograms visualise the shape of (musical) sound. The visual similarity of motiongrams and spectrograms is the conceptual starting point for the sonomotiongram technique, which explores how motiongrams can be turned into sound using “inverse FFT”. The paper presents the idea of shape-sonification, gives an overview of the sonomotiongram technique, and discusses sonification examples of both simple and complex human motion.
Music and Lyrics Interactions and their Influence on Recognition of Sung Words: An Investigation of Word Frequency, Rhyme, Metric Stress, Vocal Timbre, Melisma, and Repetition Priming
Authors: Johnson Randolph B. , Huron David , Collister Lauren
Published: June 2016

This study investigated several factors presumed to influence the intelligibility of song lyrics. Twenty-seven participants listened to recordings of musical passages sung in English; each passage consisted of a brief musical phrase sung by a solo voice. Six vocalists produced the corpus of sung phrases. Eight hypotheses derived from common phonological and prosodic principles were tested. Intelligibility of lyrics was degraded: (i) when archaic language was used; (ii) when words were set in melismatic rather than syllabic contexts; (iii) when the musical rhythm did not match the prosodic speech rhythm; and (iv) when successive target words rhymed. Intelligibility of lyrics was facilitated: (i) when words contained diphthongs rather than monophthongs; (ii) when a word from an immediately previous passage reappeared; (iii) when a syllabic setting of a word was preceded by a melismatic setting of the same word. No difference in word intelligibility was observed between music theater singers and opera singers.
The Influence of Interactions Between Music and Lyrics: What Factors Underlie the Intelligibility of Sung Text?
Authors: Ginsborg Jane
Published: June 2016

This document provides a brief commentary on Johnson, Huron and Collister’s (2013) article entitled “Music and lyrics interactions and their influence on recognition of sung words: An investigation of word frequency, rhyme, metric stress, vocal timbre and repetition priming.” The commentary is written from the point of view of someone who is not only a fellow researcher in the field but also a former professional singer and singing teacher.  It summarises a previous study by two of the authors and the research of two further teams of investigators in the field before focusing on each of the authors’ eight hypotheses, findings and discussion in turn.
What Makes an Instrument Sound Sad? Commentary on Huron, Anderson, and Shanahan
Authors: Vuoskoski Jonna K.
Published: June 2016

Huron, Anderson, and Shanahan investigated the hypothesis that instruments that are deemed most capable of expressing sadness would also be judged better able to generate acoustic features similar to those used to convey sadness in speech. The judgments of these acoustic features accounted for approximately half (51.3%) of the variance in the judgments of sadness capacity. I argue that the relatively low explanation rate may be partly explained by choices made in the operationalization of the acoustic features, the overlap and relatedness of three of the acoustic features used (mumbling, dark timbre, and lowest pitch), as well as the practical omission of such a significant feature as legato articulation. Furthermore, the method used by Huron and colleagues may have inflated the effect of cultural conceptions on the judgments of sadness capacity. I also argue that low energy – albeit a fundamental feature of sadness as an emotion – is not the meaningful factor underlying the set of acoustic features most correlated with sadness capacity. Instead, I suggest that the only acoustic variable significantly predicting evaluations of sadness capacity – pitch-bending – best reflected an instrument’s capability to manipulate timbre, pitch, loudness and articulation in ways that match and exaggerate the features of sad vocal expression.
Heroes and Villains: The Relationship between Pitch Tessitura and Sociability of Operatic Characters
Authors: Shanahan Daniel , Huron David
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: Research in speech prosody and ethology suggests that pitch height indexes positive and negative social affects. For example, higher pitched voices are used to convey friendliness, whereas lower pitched voices are used to convey aggression (Bolinger, 1964). Research concerning animal calls suggests that this association generalizes to many species. In a study of the calls for 56 species, Morton (1977, 1994) proposed a sound-size model in which large size (and low pitch) is associated with aggression, whereas small size (and high pitch) is associated with friendliness, fear, or appeasement. We examine whether this association can be observed in music. Specifically, the results of three studies are reported in which the pitch-height of various voices is related to estimates of the sociability of the corresponding operatic characters. Results are consistent with lower-pitched voices being associated with less sociable characters, and higher-pitched voices being associated with more sociable characters. In addition, older male characters tend to exhibit lower-pitched voices, consistent with known physiological changes (Linville, 2004; Reubold, Harrington & Kleber, 2010).
Análisis comparativo de accidentalidad laboral entre el sistema de clasificación de enfermedad y trauma ocupacional del departamento de trabajo de Estados Unidos –OIICS- y el formato único de reporte de accidente de trabajo de Colombia -FURAT-
Authors: Forero Ruiz Diego Fernando
Published: June 2016

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la accidentalidad laboral en el sector de la construcción en una aseguradora de riesgos laborales (ARL) usando OIICS y el FURAT, y realizar un análisis usando las normas ANSI Z.16.1 y 2 Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron 340 registros de accidentes seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se clasificaron de acuerdo con las categorías utilizadas en el FURAT y usando la descripción del accidente se clasificó de acuerdo con las categorías de OIICS mediante un software que fue traducido por expertos (profesional bilingüe y médico). Los análisis de las diferentes categorías del sistema y del formato se hicieron cruzando entre dos y tres variables según la metodología ANSI. Según el FURAT, en orden de frecuencia, las lesiones consisten en golpes, contusiones o aplastamientos ocasionados en el ambiente de trabajo y, según su localización, se destacaron los miembros inferiores, las ubicaciones múltiples, la cabeza y los miembros superiores. Según OIICS, las lesiones en los dedos comprometen los músculos, tendones, ligamentos y articulaciones, y son causadas principalmente por armazones, vigas o travesaños, y por martillo; en ojos, por hierros angulares y esquirlas metálicas; en rodillas, por otras piezas y materiales; en manos y dedos por herramientas de mano de golpe y de clavado. Las heridas punzantes son producidas por clavos, puntillas y tachuelas, que afectan principalmente el pie y la planta del pie. La amputación fue ocasionada por materiales metálicos estructurales con pérdida de dedos y uñas. En conclusión, OIICS mostró una ventaja debido al grado de detalle e información descriptiva presentada, lo que, a su vez, permitió que el análisis realizado con ANSI fuera igualmente detallado y específico.
Comportamiento de la cirugía refractiva con excimer laser en miopía y astigmatismo miópico
Authors: Rey Rodríguez Diana V.
Published: June 2016

Los defectos de refracción pueden ser corregidos mediante lentes oftálmicos, lentes de contacto y cirugía refractiva (1). La cirugía refractiva abarca un conjunto de procedimientos quirúrgicos, los cuales modifican la anatomía del ojo para lograr la emetropía artificial (2). Las técnicas quirúrgicas corneales se clasifican en incisionales o queratotomías, actualmente en desuso, y en técnicas de ablación con láser, las cuales eliminan o reducen pequeños cambios en la curvatura corneal (3). La técnica de ablación con láser llamada Queratectomía in situ asistida por láser (LASIK) (4) ha sido el procedimiento refractivo más utilizado desde sus inicios (5). La técnica actual consiste en levantar una porción de la córnea (flap) con un microquerátomo mecánico o a través de un láser femtosegundo para posterior fotoablación y reposición del tejido (4). En la actualidad, persisten complicaciones intraoperatorias, en su mayoría por el uso del microquerátomo con una incidencia de compli- caciones hasta del 33% (6), lo cual conlleva a daños en la superficie ocular, con una incidencia hasta del 5.3% (7,8). Por lo anterior otras técnicas quirúrgicas como las de superficie (PRK, LASEK Y Epi-lasik) han despertado en los últimos años mayor interés, ya que eliminan la necesidad de un colgajo corneal, lo cual disminuye la probabilidad de desestabilizar la córnea y de complicaciones graves como: infecciones, cicatrices y erosiones recurrentes. Las principales desventajas en comparación con el LASIK, son las molestias posoperatorias como el dolor y la aparición de haze corneal lo cual retarda la recuperación visual hasta que completar la epitelización corneal (9). Para la selección y análisis de los artículos se realizó una revisión de la literatura a través de la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos pubmed (MEDLINE) y proquest utilizando una estrategia de búsqueda con términos MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) y operadores boléanos AND y OR, con la siguiente estructura: (myopia OR nearsightedness) AND (astigmatism) AND (Refractive Surgical Procedures) OR (Keratorefractive Surgical Procedures). El propósito de la presente revisión, fue consolidar información reciente referente al comportamiento de la cirugía refractiva con excimer laser, además de conocer los factores que intervienen en el resultado visual posquirúrgico.
Conceptos de calidad de vida laboral en el ámbito docente universitario
Authors: Acosta Martínez Reinaldo
Published: June 2016

El propósito de este documento es revisar la literatura científica de los conceptos de calidad de vida laboral relacionados con el ambiente docente universitario en el contexto latinoamericano, desde su origen y evolución, a partir del concepto de calidad de vida en general. Y concluye con una propuesta de significado basada en los ámbitos nacional e internacional.
Virus de Zika, otro dolor de cabeza para la salud pública
Authors: Castellanos Jaime E.
Published: June 2016

Articulo de Interes
Historia de la medicina en Colombia. Hacia una profesión Liberal -1865 - 1918-. Tomo III.
Authors: Duque Naranjo Camilo
Published: June 2016

Reseña bibliográfica; Autores: Quevedo E., Pérez GE, Miranda N., Eslava JC., Hernández M., et al. -2010- Tecnoquímicas, S.A. Ed. Norma. ISBN 978-958-45-2164-4.
Políticas y prácticas de promoción de la salud en atención primaria en Catalunya
Authors: Bayges Josep Lluís de Peray
Published: June 2016

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Rural work and health conditions of families in the landless workers movement - MST and temporary rural workers: the case of Unaí, MG
Authors: Carneiro Fernando Ferreira , Roque Waltency , Búrigo André Campos , Viana Francisco Cecílio , Bertolini Valéria Andrade , Tambellini Anamaria Testa
Published: June 2016

famílias do MST e dos bóias-frias de Unaí-MG com enfoque nas relações de trabalho, produção, segurança alimentar, organização política, acesso aos serviços e políticas públicas. Foram coletados dados por meio de questionários aplicados a 202 famílias, e realizadas observação estruturada e discussões em grupo. Serão destacados também os resultados do processo de apresentação e discussão dos dados analisados para as comunidades pesquisadas. Os trabalhadores bóias-frias apresentaram um alto índice de insegurança alimentar (39,5%) e estavam mais expostos aos agrotóxicos se comparados aos assentados e acampados. A grande maioria das famílias de bóias frias gostaria de mudar de ocupação e entre o que havia de pior no trabalho estava a hora de acordar e o deslocamento. Mais da metade das famílias do assentamento conseguia viver apenas da produção do lote e entre as famílias acampadas 22,1% conseguiam retirar seu sustento do lote. As famílias do MST têm maior dificuldade de acesso ao SUS, porem o fato de ser Sem Terra, estar organizado, melhora as perspectivas de sua saúde em comparação com os bóias-frias. A modernização conservadora no campo brasileiro têm agravado as condições de vida e trabalho dos bóias-frias, enquanto que a Reforma Agrária tem possibilitado uma melhor condição de vida e de saúde para as famílias, quando comparadas nas áreas estudadas.
Socio-enviromental impacts on the health situation of the brazilian population: Study of indicators related to inadequate enviromental sanition
Authors: Netto Guilherme Franco , Freitas Carlos Machado de , Andahur José Paulo , Pedroso Marcel De Moraes , Rohlfs Daniela Buosi
Published: June 2016

Nestes 20 anos do SUS, a saúde ambiental deve ser compreendida como uma área recente no SUS e integrante de uma Saúde Pública renovada, para a qual a compreensão e análise dos determinantes socioambientais e seus impactos sobre a saúde é de grande importância para a formulação de políticas públicas abrangentes e intersetoriais. Neste texto, como parte deste desafio de renovação e consolidação do SUS nos propomos construir uma matriz lógica que auxilie a análise dos dados e subsidie os processos decisórios, tendo como referência indicadores selecionados relacionados ao saneamento ambiental inadequado, que ainda reflete um complexo quadro de exclusão social combinado com novos problemas e desafios de saúde. A metodologia adotada foi a do modelo forças motrizes-pressões-situação-exposição efeitos-ações adotada pela OMS. Os resultados apontam para três cenários em que os determinantes sociais e ambientais resultam em perdas de bem-estar, qualidade de vida e doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado, com simultâneas combinações e sobreposição de riscos e impactos sobre a saúde.
Estudo epidemiológico da população da região do Baixo Jaguaribe exposta à contaminação ambiental em área de agrotóxicos
Authors: Rigotto Raquel , Pessoa Vanira Matos
Published: June 2016

A pesquisa intitulada Estudo Epidemiológico da População da Região do Baixo Jaguaribe Exposta à Contaminação Ambiental em Área de Agrotóxicos está sendo desenvolvida pela UFC em parceria com a UFMG, UFPE e UnB, e tem o apoio do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico – CNPqT
Editorial
Authors: Bermúdez Ximena Pamela Díaz , Brito Ivo , Hamann Edgar Merchan
Published: June 2016

A Revista Tempus traz novamente aos seus leitores uma colaboração temática, organizando, nesta oportunidade, um número com contribuições de diversas áreas temáticas acerca do campo das políticas públicas em HIV/aids, fazendo jus à vocação da revista de divulgar e discutir temas relevantes para a saúde pública. O (o condutor deste volume é o campo das respostas em HIV/Aids. Compõem a edição trabalhos de especialistas que, com olhares disciplinares e programáticos bastante diferenciados, pensam e revisam tais políticas vislumbrando novas possibilidades e premissas de interpretação.
DST, Aids e a sociedade em 2010
Authors: Sousa Maria Fátima de , Hamann Edgar Merchan
Published: June 2016

APRESENTAÇÃO DST, AIDS e sociedade em 2010
Access to antiretroviral treatment in Brazil
Authors: Hallal Ronaldo , Ravassi Giovanni , Kuchenbecker Ricardo , Greco Dirceu , Simão Mariângela
Published: June 2016

A resposta brasileira ao HIV/AIDS foi instituída em 1986 com programas estruturados no âmbito estadual e nacional. Até à data, avanços importantes foram feitos com o desenvolvimento de uma rede estruturada para o atendimento integral às pessoas vivendo com HIV, incluindo aconselhamento e testagem em 426 unidades, 636 ambulatórios de HIV, 677 farmácias de dispensação de medicamentos de anti-retrovirais, hospitais-dia e cuidados domiciliários e uma rede de laboratório que fornece a contagem de CD4, carga viral e genotipagem do HIV. O acesso universal no Brasil está garantindo tratamento e cuidados, prolongamento da sobrevida e melhoria da qualidade de vida para cerca de 200.000 pessoas com HIV, incluindo os pacientes multi-experimentados com resistência às drogas e que estão recebendo novos medicamentos disponíveis, tais como enfuvirtida, darunavir e raltegravir. A falha terapêutica, resistência às drogas e o alto custo dos medicamentos importados representam um desafio; o contínuo para a sustentabilidade do acesso universal, sublinhando a importância de reduzir as novas infecções com uma estratégia ampla de prevenção. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de cuidados e serviços de efeitos colaterais metabólicos, doenças cardiovasculares, neoplasias, co-infecções como a tuberculose e a hepatite são outros desafios; os que a resposta nacional ao HIV no Brasil está enfocando para garantir os melhores cuidados possíveis para todos.
New internacional and Brazilian agendas on drug policies and HIV/Aids prevention among drug users
Authors: Bastos Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld
Published: June 2016

Este texto analiza compartivamente políticas e programas de prevenção e controle de uso e abuso de drogas, em relação à epidemia de HIV/aids e as ações de redução de danos implementadas em alguns países. Focalizam-se recentes mudanças no contexto internacional, especificamente nos Estados Unidos sob novas orientações que levantam o veto sobre o apoio federal às estratégias de redução de danos. Reconhecem-se as limitações dessas estratégias face as iniquidade socioeconômicas e de gênero. Apresenta-se o paradoxo da resposta iraniana que combina estratégias integradas de redução de danos com a negação da prevenção orientada a coletivos vulneráveis invisíveis ao governo, como os homossexuais. À despeito das diferentes experiências, é possível se orientar à construção de uma agenda global de enfrentamento do consumo de drogas como problema de saúde pública.
The UM integrated plan for support of the response to Aids in Amazonas and Bahia, Brazil.
Authors: Benzakem Adele , Macedo Maricélia , Bermudéz Ximena Pamela , Chaves Naiara Da Costa , Santos Nara , Côrtez Jacqueline , Monteiro Ana Lúcia , Lima Cleiton , Ângela Donini , Luís Codina , Chequer Pedro , Bosi Andrea , Gomez Maria Rebeca Otero , Gissel Carsten , Carla Perdiz , Albuquerque Cristina , Fernandez Joaquim , Godinho Luiz Fernando , Meira Cristiana De Souza , Costa Julia Gonçalves
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta o Plano Integrado das Nações Unidas em Apoio à resposta à AIDS no Amazonas e na Bahia, uma iniciativa de mobilização conjunta do Sistema das Nações Unidas no Brasil em implementação desde o final de 2007. Estabelecido a partir da prioridade nacional de se responder às inequidades regionais, o “Amazonaids” e o “Laços Sociaids” buscam fortalecer sinergias locais por meio de um apoio coordenado das Agências do Sistema ONU à resposta à epidemia nos dois estados. O artigo apresenta o contexto de elaboração do Plano Integrado, sua construção, regiões e temas prioritários no Amazonas e na Bahia. Descreve, ainda, a forma de organização para implementação das atividades e as lições aprendidas até o momento. O artigo conclui destacando o processo de apropriação e liderança locais na implementação das atividades e também no processo de fortalecimento de ações conjuntas e integradas das Nações Unidas no Brasil, como preconizado no processo de reforma da ONU.
COCRIAÇÃO DE VALOR: UMA BIBLIOMETRIA DE 2000 A 2014
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique César Melo , Tavares Vanessa Carvalho miranda , Costa Benny Kramer
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as características da produção científica do tema Cocriação de Valor nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus no período de 2000 a 2014. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise bibliométrica. Verificou-se a evolução do tema Cocriação de Valor. Vargo e Lusch foram os pesquisadores mais citados e mais profícuos. Este estudo contribuiu para difundir, socializar e nortear a temática cocriação de valor na literatura acadêmica nacional, colaborando para melhor entendimento de suas nuances, que influenciam em sua importância como tema emergente no contexto acadêmico e no campo do conhecimento Administração.
TRANSFERÊNCIA TECNOLÓGICA PARA AMPLIAÇÃO DE OPORTUNIDADES DE NEGÓCIOS INTERNACIONAIS: CASO EUROLLS
Authors: Cassano Francisco Américo , Ribeiro Juliana , Galvão Karina Paiva , Cesar Fernanda Lebrao , Panazzolo Monique Rigo
Published: June 2016

A estreita correlação entre o comércio exterior e os investimentos externos diretos torna a internacionalização de empresas uma necessidade para que estas possam expandir sua competitividade e enfrentar a concorrência internacional. Diante deste atual cenário, o intenso uso da transferência tecnológica, principalmente no âmbito matriz e subsidiária, passa a ser um instrumento de grande alavancagem de negócios. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar de que maneira a transferência tecnológica influenciou o processo de internacionalização da empresa Eurolls. O tipo de pesquisa foi descritivo e qualitativo, com tratamento dos dados baseado na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que, embora o processo sequencial de Uppsala seja um aspecto importante para obtenção de conhecimento sobre o mercado local, este processo não foi considerado pela empresa e a transferência tecnológica foi de fundamental importância para o investimento direto no Brasil.
Transcriptomic analysis of grape berry softening during ripening
Authors: Glissant David , Dédaldéchamp Fabienne , Delrot Serge
Published: June 2016

Aims: The aim of this paper was to use recent transcriptomic tools available for grape in order to understand berry softening.

Methods and results: A microarray bearing specific 50 mer oligonucleotide for 3,200 genes was used to study gene expression along 8 stages of berry development in Chardonnay and Shiraz berries. Transcripts corresponding to aquaporin genes and to genes involved in cell wall metabolism were studied in detail and ranked according to their pattern of expression.

Conclusion: Several structural and regulatory genes whose expression pattern correlated with the late phases of ripening were identified. Significance and impact of study: This study provides a preliminary molecular basis to identify molecular markers of berry ripening.
Manual and mechanical leaf removal in the bunch zone (Vitis Vinifera L., cv Barbera): effects on berry composition, health, yield and wine quality, in a warm temperate area
Authors: Guidoni Silvia , Oggero Gianluca , Cravero Sergio , Rabino Marco , Cravero Maria Carla , Balsari Paolo
Published: June 2016

Aims: The main objective of the fruit zone leaf removal is the microclimate improvement around fruits in order to enhance grape ripening and fruit health. The aim of this work was to investigate the consequences of manual or mechanical leaf removal according to the phenological stage (fruit set or véraison) on spraying efficiency, yield composition, berry colour, must and wine quality, and grape health.

Methods and results: A three-year experiment (2001-2003) on the cv. Barbera was carried out in northwest Italy. Weather conditions during the three experimental seasons were very different. Leaf removal improved the efficiency of the fungicide application, reducing fungal diseases, but increased grape sensitivity to sunburn due to greater sunlight exposure. Some significant decrease on yield components was observed but not because of the same treatment. In leaf-removed vines, berry quality increased in the year least favourable for ripening (2002); in the warmer years, no quality improvement in must and wine was observed.

Conclusion: Leaf removal effects are not strictly tied to intervention time; the main effects were due to the vintage weather conditions: in unfavourable ripening conditions, leaf removal can improve grape health and quality. Due to the higher level of bunch temperature induced by this technique, in warmer conditions its usefulness needs to be accurately evaluated. Although a faster process, mechanical leaf removal did not provide any substantially different results when compared to manual intervention.

Significance and impact of study: The study showed potential and limits of leaf removal, suggesting that his application may vary, depending on climate and weather conditions of vineyards and vintage.
Effect of foliar nitrogen and sulphur application on aromatic expression of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc
Authors: Lacroux Florian , Trégoat Olivier , Van Leeuwen Cornelius , Pons Alexandre , Tominaga Takatoshi , Lavigne-Cruège Valérie , Dubourdieu Denis
Published: June 2016

Aims: It is well known that vine nitrogen deficiency can negatively impact on aroma in white wines. Soil nitrogen fertilization enhances aroma expression, but it also increases vine vigour and susceptibility to grey rot. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of foliar nitrogen as well as foliar nitrogen and sulphur applications on aromatic expression, vigour and susceptibility to grey rot of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc.

Methods and results: The impact of foliar nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) application on aromatic expression of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc has been investigated. On a plot where vine nitrogen status is naturally low and water availability not limiting, foliar nitrogen and sulphur fertilization (10 kg/ha of N and 5 kg/ha of S) increased yeast available nitrogen content. Vine vigour and maturity level of grapes were not modified compared to the control. The wines produced from N+S vines contained more volatile thiols and glutathione. These results were confirmed by a tasting of wines produced with grapes from the experimental plots. Foliar nitrogen fertilization alone (10 kg/ha of N) also increased Sauvignon blanc aromatic expression, but less so than the N + S treatment.

Conclusions: Foliar N and foliar N + S applications can enhance aromatic expression in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc wines without increasing vine vigour and infestation by grey rot.

Significance and impact of the study: Vine nitrogen deficiency can negatively impact on grape aroma potential. Soil nitrogen application can increase vine nitrogen status, but it has several drawbacks: it increases vigour and enhances Botrytis susceptibility. This study shows that foliar N and foliar N + S applications can improve vine nitrogen status and enhance aroma expression in Sauvignon blanc wines without the negative impact on vigour and Botrytis susceptibility. Although this study was carried out on Sauvignon blanc vines, it is likely that foliar N or foliar N + S applications will have similar effects on other grapevine varieties containing volatile thiols (Colombard, Riesling, Petit Manseng and Sémillon).
Viticultural terroirs in Stellenbosch, South Africa. I. The identification of natural terroir units
Authors: Carey Victoria Anne , Saayman Dawid , Archer Eben , Barbeau Gérard , Wallace Mike
Published: June 2016

Aims: A natural terroir unit (NTU) can be defined as a unit of land that is characterized by relatively homogenous topography, climate, geological substrate and soil. The mapping of NTUs is the first stage of data acquisition in a terroir study. This study aimed to identify NTUs using a Geographic Information System and to characterize the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District using existing digital information at the scale of a wine producing district.

Methods and results: The study area is bordered by mountains, situated close to the Atlantic Ocean and bisected by the Eerste river valley, resulting in notable spatial variation of all climatic parameters. The geology is complex due to the high degree of tectonic movement and mixing of parent material. Terrain morphological units, altitude, aspect and soil type were used as primary keys/variables for the identification of NTUs. Each of the identified units was further described with respect to the extent of the expected sea breeze effect and, for certain of the soil types, the associated parent material. A total of 1389 NTUs were identified in the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District.

Conclusions: Many of the natural terroir units identified for the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District are of a size that is not economically or practically viable.

Significance and impact of the study: The natural terroir units should be grouped into larger, more manageable and thus more viable terroir units using data relating their viticultural and oenological potential. This task will be addressed in subsequent companion papers.
In vitro glucuronidation of trans-Piceid and trans-Piceatannol by human liver microsomes
Authors: Henry-Vitrac Caroline , Richard Thomas , Desmoulière Alexis , Monti Jean-Pierre , Mérillon Jean-Michel , Krisa Stéphanie
Published: June 2016

Aims : The aim of the present investigation was to establish glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol derivates in the liver. Stilbenes are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds which have been reported to have potential preventive activities in human diseases. Trans-stilbenes, mainly found in grapes and red wine, are important in terms of biological activities. However, little is known about the metabolism of these compounds in human.

Methods and results : The glucuronoconjugation of stilbenes was investigated using human liver microsomes and the structure of new metabolites was characterized by LC-MS and proton NMR. For the first time, the structure of the metabolites of trans-piceid and trans-piceatannol was established. The reaction led to the formation of two glucuronides for trans-piceid and three for trans-piceatannol.

Significance and impact of study: This study is of particular relevance since the phenolic substances of red wine (especially stilbenes) might be responsible for the potential beneficial effects of moderate and regular wine consumption.
Analyzing the functional association among seed traits, berry growth and chemical composition in Cabernet-Sauvignon berry (Vitis vinifera L.) using a mathematical growth function
Authors: Wu Dai Zhan , Génard Michel , Li Shao-hua , Vivin Philippe
Published: June 2016

Aims: This study aimed at assessing the functional linkage among seed traits (including seed number, seed weight), berry growth and berry sugar and acid concentration by adapting a mathematical growth function with parameters having biological importance.

Methods and results: The evolution of berry diameter of Cabernet- Sauvignon was satisfactorily fitted to a bi-phasic growth function with six parameters. Correlations between the parameters and berry characteristics, including time of skin color change, seed number, seed weight, final berry size and chemical composition, were analyzed. Results showed that berry growth within a bunch deviated according to seed number, which positively related to parameters describing diameter increment (D1) and initial growth rate (GRini) during the first rapid growth phase, but not related to any parameters involved in the second growth phase. The time of skin color change was negatively associated with mean seed weight, and coincided with growth parameter DABmax that denotes the time when growth rate is maximum during the second rapid growth phase. Sugar concentration was negatively correlated to final berry fresh weight (BFW), seed fresh weight (SFW), GRini and diameter increment during the second rapid growth phase (D2). Path analysis further revealed that the negative effects of SFW and D2 were indirectly mediated via BFW and GRini.

Conclusions: We thus conclude that seed affects berry growth and exerts its influence only during the first growth phase via modifying the parameters D1 and GRini. The time of colour change is also affected by seed, and might not be a good indicator of growth restoration after the lag phase. Sugar concentration is linked to final berry size, specific berry growth parameters and seed weight, for the last mainly in an indirect manner.

Significance of the study: This study, integrating the analysis of berry growth and composition with a mathematical growth function, provides a valuable approach for deeper understanding of the functional associations among seed traits, berry growth and berry sugar and acid concentration at the berry level.
Early Debris Formation with a Porous Tantalum Glenoid Component
Authors: Endrizzi Donald P. , Mackenzie Johanna A. , Henry Patrick D.G.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Porous tantalum has been used effectively in hip, knee, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty implants. However, a first-generation porous tantalum glenoid component for use in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty previously demonstrated failure, with failure usually preceded by the appearance of intra-articular metallic debris. After redesign, the component was reintroduced in 2009. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of the redesigned glenoid component.

Methods:

Sixty-eight patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty received a Trabecular Metal porous tantalum glenoid component (73 components; 5 patients underwent staged bilateral procedures). No polymethylmethacrylate cement was used (off-label usage in the U.S.). A grading system to assess metallic debris formation was developed using radiographs of the previous generation of porous tantalum glenoid components that failed. Radiographs from the current series were independently reviewed by 2 shoulder arthroplasty specialists, and their results were compared. Glenoid components were evaluated for signs of bone ingrowth and metallic debris formation.

Results:

Sixty-six (90%) of the 73 components were evaluated at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up (mean radiographic follow-up of 50.8 months; range, 24 to 68 months). Of these, 92.4% demonstrated minimal or no glenoid radiolucency. Overall, the prevalence of metallic tantalum debris formation was 44% (29 of 66). Sequential radiograph review demonstrated that the incidence of metallic debris formation increased for each year of follow-up, with radiographs from 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 years of follow-up demonstrating a metallic debris incidence of 23%, 36%, 49%, and 52%, respectively. Additionally, the severity of metallic debris formation increased with follow-up duration. There was no component dissociation or revision due to implant breakage in this series.

Conclusions:

The porous tantalum glenoid component studied had excellent short-term component fixation. However, the development of metallic debris, increasing in both overall incidence and degree of severity over time, raises concern for potential failure of this glenoid component. Longer follow-up is required.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.