bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation, bilinear forms, conservation laws and soliton solutions of the temporal-second-order KdV equation
Authors: Ahmed Engy. A. , Wael Shrouk , Seadawy Aly , Maowad S. M. , EL-Kalaawy O. H.
Published: July 2022

The temporal-second-order KdV equation, which describes the propagation of two wave modes with different phase velocities and same dispersion relation, nonlinearity and dispersion parameters are investigated. The similarity reductions and new exact solutions are obtained via the Kudryashov method and a new version of Kudryashov method. Furthermore, the conservation laws are derived using the new conservation theorem. The bilinear forms and bilinear Bäcklund transformation of the temporal-second-order KdV equation are derived through the binary Bell polynomial. Moreover, the N-soliton solutions of the equation are constructed with the help of the Hirota method. The characteristics and interaction of the solitons are discussed graphically. We discuss the effect of the phase velocities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and the parameters of nonlinearity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the soliton amplitudes and velocities. Bifurcation method of dynamical systems is employed to investigate bifurcation of solitary waves in the temporal-second-order KdV equation.
Theory of confined high Tc superconductivity in monovalent metals
Authors: Baskaran G.
Published: July 2022

Monovalent nontransition metals are robust Fermi liquids. They defy superconductivity even at lowest temperatures (Li is a minor exception: [Formula: see text] mK). However, Thapa, Pandey, Ghosh and collaborators 8 have reported, from 2018, signals for transient and unstable granular superconductivity at ambient temperatures in Ag nanoparticles embedded in Au matrix. We develop a theory, where competing superconducing, CDW and SDW orders lose and get confined (go off-shell). They leave behind a robust Fermi liquid on-shell. A single half filled band crossing the Fermi level provides a number of special k-space regions for singlet stabilizing umklapp pair scattering and superconductivity stabilizing repulsive pair scattering. Carefully designed perturbations could deconfine a confined superconductivity. We suggest that electron transfer (doping) from Ag nanoparticles to Au matrix (with a higher electronegativity), quasi 2D structural reconstructions (e.g., 9R structure), electronically decoupled 2D patches and 1D segments expose confined superconductivity. Beneath a calm Fermi sea, strong supercurrents may exist in several metals.
Dynamical Effects of Electromagnetic Flux on Chialvo Neuron Map: Nodal and Network Behaviors
Authors: Muni Sishu Shankar , Fatoyinbo Hammed Olawale , Ghosh Indranil
Published: July 2022

We consider the dynamical effects of electromagnetic flux on the discrete Chialvo neuron model. It is shown that the model can exhibit rich dynamical behaviors such as multistability, firing patterns, antimonotonicity, closed invariant curves, various routes to chaos, and fingered chaotic attractors. The system enters a chaos regime via period-doubling cascades, reverse period-doubling route, antimonotonicity, and via a closed invariant curve to chaos. The results were confirmed using the techniques of bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent diagram, phase portraits, basins of attraction, and numerical continuation of bifurcations. Different global bifurcations are also shown to exist via numerical continuation. After understanding a single neuron model, a network of Chialvo neurons is explored. A ring-star network of Chialvo neurons is considered and different dynamical regimes such as synchronous, asynchronous, and chimera states are revealed. Different continuous and piecewise continuous wavy patterns were also found during the simulations for negative coupling strengths.
OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO CHOICE WITH CRASH AND DEFAULT RISK
Authors: MÜLLER LUKAS
Published: July 2022

We consider the worst-case scenario portfolio approach, introduced by Korn & Wilmott (2002), in a multi-asset setting, where asset defaults can occur in addition to asset crashes. In our model, the strictly risk-averse investor does not know which asset is affected by the worst-case scenario. Based on a reformulation of the value function we define the set of minimum constant portfolio processes. We prove the existence of such a process that solves the worst-case crash/ default portfolio problem. In particular, we prove the existence of a portfolio process that is optimal for the investor and at the same time makes him/ her indifferent to the time of occurrence of the worst possible crash or default scenario. The optimal portfolios are derived from solutions of non-linear differential equations. Therefore, we construct an algorithmic framework to analyze selected examples. These examples show the importance of adapting the portfolio process when considering such worst-case scenarios in the investment problem.
Study of a crop-pest-natural enemy model with Z-type control — An approach to pest management
Authors: Mandal Dibyendu Sekhar , Samanta Sudip , Parshad Rana D. , Chekroun Abdennasser , Helal Mohamed , Chattopadhyay Joydev
Published: July 2022

In this study, the Z-type control method is applied to an intraguild crop-pest-natural enemy model, assuming that the natural enemy can predate on both crop and pest populations. For this purpose, the indirect Z-type controller is considered in the natural enemy population. After providing the design function for the crop-pest-natural enemy model with Z-control, we find the analytical expression of the update parameter. The findings indicate that the uncontrolled system can produce chaos through period-doubling bifurcation due to crop over-consumption by the pest population. We draw a Poincaré map to confirm the occurrence of chaos and compute the maximum Lyapunov exponent. As the observations further indicate that the pest population can be controlled by using an indirect Z-control mechanism in the natural enemy population, we postulate that, if natural enemy abundance can be governed by the update parameter, any desired pest population abundance can be achieved through the proposed Z-type controller, thus controlling the pest. To verify these assertions, extensive numerical simulations are performed to explore the potential for practical application of the proposed Z-type controller.
Hand Activity Recognition From Automatic Estimated Egocentric Skeletons Combining Slow Fast and Graphical Neural Networks
Authors: Le Viet-Duc , Hoang Van-Nam , Nguyen Tien-Thanh , Le Van-Hung , Tran Thanh-Hai , Vu Hai , Le Thi-Lan
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present an unified framework for understanding hand action from the first-person video. The proposed framework composes two main components. The first component estimates three-dimensional (3D) hand joints from RGB images. Two network structures derived from the baseline HopeNet network are proposed: convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which are traditional multi-layer CNN and CNN combining with GraphCNN to perform 3D hand pose estimation, without the use of GraphUNet as in baseline HopeNet method. The second component of the framework recognizes hand action from skeleton stream. We first deploy two recent advanced neuronal networks that are PA-ResGCN and Double-feature Double-motion (DDNet). To focus more on the hand pose changes, we improve DDNet with two normalization strategies of the hand joints. Finally, we fuse PA-ResGCN with our improved DDNet to still boost the recognition performance. We evaluate our proposed methods on First-Person Hand Action Benchmark dataset. Experiments show that our model for 3D hand joints estimation achieves the best precision (36.6 mm). Our hand joint normalization strategies improve the original DDNet from 0.71% to 4.05% of accuracy with the ground-truth hand pose while the improvement is significantly larger (from 2.96% to 10.98%) with the estimated hand pose. The late fusion schemes outperform different state-of-the-art methods for the hand action recognition with the highest accuracy of 86.67%. These experimental results show potential and extendable possibilities for developing practical first-person vision applications.
A Case Study for Sports Characteristic Town: Enlightenment to the Sport Industry
Authors: Zhong Deren
Published: July 2022

The characteristic sports town is proposed to promote urban and rural integration by implementing a national-level fitness strategy. It plays a crucial role in the sports industry's promotion, launch, and supply. The characteristic town for sports creates a form of interaction between new urbanization and the sports industry. They play a unique role in fostering the systemic reform of sports, the convergence of urban and rural areas, the legacy and creativity of popular sports culture, and addressing urban–rural people's fitness needs. The growth of the sports sector has been elevated to the strategic height of national economic building. This article considers creating a characteristic sports town as a research object, using various research techniques, such as the literature review, case analysis, and expert interviews. “Building a Characteristic Sports Town” is the latest economic growth hub for advancing sports. It supports the spiritual civilization of the people, respects economic development, and improves people's happiness. The characteristic sports town lowers the country's unemployment rate. Finally, the characteristic sports town promotes a country's health and economic development at higher rates. The experimental results show that the proposed National-level Fitness Strategy enhances outcomes of a successful sports industry curriculum development ratio of 96.2%, precision ratio of 92.1%, probability ratio of 93.5%, cost-effectiveness ratio of 94.4%, recall ratio of 91.2%, self-esteem ratio of 91.9%, interaction ratio of 98.7%, and efficiency ratio of 94.2% when compared to other methods.
Data Parallel Path Tracing with Object Hierarchies
Authors: Wald Ingo , Parker Steven G.
Published: July 2022

We propose a new approach to rendering production-style content with full path tracing in a data-distributed fashion---that is, with multiple collaborating nodes and/or GPUs that each store only part of the model. In particular, we propose a new approach to ray-forwarding based data-parallel ray tracing that improves over traditional spatial partitioning, that can support both object-hierarchy and spatial partitioning (or any combination thereof), and that employs multiple techniques for reducing the number of rays sent across the network. We show that this approach can simultaneously achieve higher flexibility in model partitioning, lower memory per node, lower bandwidth during rendering, and higher performance; and that it can ultimately achieve interactive rendering performance for non-trivial models with full path tracing even on quite moderate hardware resources with relatively low-end interconnect.
A Data-Driven Paradigm for Precomputed Radiance Transfer
Authors: Belcour Laurent , Deliot Thomas , Barbier Wilhem , Soler Cyril
Published: July 2022

In this work, we explore a change of paradigm to build Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) methods in a data-driven way. This paradigm shift allows us to alleviate the difficulties of building traditional PRT methods such as defining a reconstruction basis, coding a dedicated path tracer to compute a transfer function, etc. Our objective is to pave the way for Machine Learned methods by providing a simple baseline algorithm. More specifically, we demonstrate real-time rendering of indirect illumination in hair and surfaces from a few measurements of direct lighting. We build our baseline from pairs of direct and indirect illumination renderings using only standard tools such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to extract both the reconstruction basis and transfer function.
Supporting Unified Shader Specialization by Co-opting C++ Features
Authors: Seitz Kerry A. , Foley Theresa , Porumbescu Serban D. , Owens John D.
Published: July 2022

Modern unified programming models (such as CUDA and SYCL) that combine host (CPU) code and GPU code into the same programming language, same file, and same lexical scope lack adequate support for GPU code specialization, which is a key optimization in real-time graphics. Furthermore, current methods used to implement specialization do not translate to a unified environment. In this paper, we create a unified shader programming environment in C++ that provides first-class support for specialization by co-opting C++'s attribute and virtual function features and reimplementing them with alternate semantics to express the services required. By co-opting existing features, we enable programmers to use familiar C++ programming techniques to write host and GPU code together, while still achieving efficient generated C++ and HLSL code via our source-to-source translator.
The Book Review Column
Authors: Green Frederic
Published: July 2022

In this column, we review these two books, each unique in its field: 1. Complexity Dichotomies for Counting Problems - Volume 1: Boolean Domain, by Jin-Yi Cai and Xi Chen. An expert and thorough introduction to this vibrant field of research. Review by Frederic Green. 2. The Geometry of Uncertainty, by Fabio Cuzzolin. An extensive treatise on belief and uncertainty theory. Review by Erick Galinkin.
Datalog in Wonderland
Authors: Khamis Mahmoud Abo , Ngo Hung Q. , Pichler Reinhard , Suciu Dan , Remy Wang Yisu
Published: July 2022

Modern data analytics applications, such as knowledge graph reasoning and machine learning, typically involve recursion through aggregation. Such computations pose great challenges to both system builders and theoreticians: first, to derive simple yet powerful abstractions for these computations; second, to define and study the semantics for the abstractions; third, to devise optimization techniques for these computations.

In recent work we presented a generalization of Datalog called Datalog, which addresses these challenges. Datalog is a simple abstraction, which allows aggregates to be interleaved with recursion, and retains much of the simplicity and elegance of Datalog. We define its formal semantics based on an algebraic structure called Partially Ordered Pre-Semirings, and illustrate through several examples how Datalog can be used for a variety of applications. Finally, we describe a new optimization rule for Datalog, called the FGH-rule, then illustrate the FGH-rule on several examples, including a simple magic-set rewriting, generalized semi-naïve evaluation, and a bill-of-material example, and briefly discuss the implementation of the FGH-rule and present some experimental validation of its effectiveness.
Management of Implicit Requirements Data in Large SRS Documents
Authors: Dave Dev , Celestino Angelica , Varde Aparna S. , Anu Vaibhav
Published: July 2022

Implicit Requirements (IMR) identification is part of the Requirements Engineering (RE) phase in Software Engineering during which data is gathered to create SRS (Software Requirements Specifications) documents. As opposed to explicit requirements clearly stated, IMRs constitute subtle data and need to be inferred. Research has shown that IMRs are crucial to the success of software development. Many software systems can encounter failures due to lack of IMR data management. SRS documents are large, often hundreds of pages, due to which manually identifying IMRs by human software engineers is not feasible. Moreover, such data is evergrowing due to the expansion of software systems. It is thus important to address the crucial issue of IMR data management. This article presents a survey on IMRs in SRS documents with the definition and overview of IMR data, detailed taxonomy of IMRs with explanation and examples, practices in managing IMR data, and tools for IMR identification. In addition to reviewing classical and state-of-the-art approaches, we highlight trends and challenges and point out open issues for future research. This survey article is interesting based on data quality, hidden information retrieval, veracity and salience, and knowledge discovery from large textual documents with complex heterogeneous data.
Comparison of the Efficacy of the Panoramic and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging Methods in the Surgical Planning of the Maxillary All‐On‐4, M‐4, and V‐4
Authors: Tandogdu Erim , Ayali Aysa , Caymaz Mehmet Gagari
Published: July 2022

This study is aimed at analyzing the difference between the measurements made according to certain anatomical signs of the maxillary jaw using panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to decide whether to use all‐on‐4, M‐4, or V‐4 configuration to prevent complications caused by incorrect measurements during the presurgical planning stage of the placement of implants in the all‐on‐4 technique. A retrospective study was conducted with 50 patients with upper edentulous jaws suitable for the all‐on‐4 technique, who underwent preoperative panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography evaluation for dental implant surgery. The shortest vertical distances between anatomical structures were measured. Measurements were made independently by two oral and maxillofacial surgeons, one experienced and the other inexperienced. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean values according to gender (p=0.045). When the measurements made by the experienced surgeon and the inexperienced surgeon were compared, there was no significant difference between panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography. In situations where bone measurements are required for deciding on all‐on‐4 or one of its configurations (M‐4 and V‐4), it was found that panoramic radiography gives significantly incorrect results compared to cone beam computed tomography (p<0.05). Cone beam computed tomography is more reliable than panoramic radiography and eliminates the margin of error in the planning of all‐on‐4 or its variations to be made by either an experienced or an inexperienced oral surgeon.
Rutin and Quercetin Counter Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats via Their Modulatory Effects on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Nrf2
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , Elkomy Mohammed H. , Fahim Hanaa I. , Ashour Mohamed B. , Naguib Ibrahim A. , Alghamdi Badrah S. , Mahmoud Heba Uallah R. , Ahmed Noha A.
Published: July 2022

The presented study was performed to verify whether rutin and/or quercetin can inhibit liver injury induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in male Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were treated via the oral route with rutin and quercetin (50 mg/kg) either alone or in combination every other day for five weeks concomitant with receiving intraperitoneal DXR (2 mg/kg) two times a week for five successive weeks. Quercetin, rutin, and their combination significantly improved the deteriorated serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities and total bilirubin level, as well as albumin, AFP, and CA 19.9 levels in DXR-injected rats. Treatments of the DXR-injected group with quercetin and rutin prevented the elevation in liver lipid peroxidation and the reduction in superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and glutathione content. Treatments with quercetin and rutin significantly repressed the elevated expression of liver p53 and TNF-α and enhanced Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, the treatments significantly reduced DXR-induced liver histological changes. In conclusion, rutin and quercetin either alone or in combination may have potential preventive effects against DXR-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis as well as modulating the Nrf2 expression.
Sushi-Repeat-Containing Protein X-Linked 2: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Inflammation and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Yin Zhenhua , Song Wenping , He Baoxia , Zhang Wenzhou
Published: July 2022

Accumulating evidence has showed that sushi-repeat-containing protein X-linked 2 (SRPX2) is an abnormal expression in a variety of cancers and involved in cancer carcinogenesis, chemosensitivity, and prognosis, which mainly promote cancer cell metastasis, invasion, and migration by regulating the uPAR/integrins/FAK signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and glycosylation. Inflammation has been regarded as a key role in regulating cancer initiation, progression, EMT, and therapeutics. Furthermore, SRPX2 exhibited excellent antifibrosis effect via the TGFβR1/SMAD3/SRPX2/AP1/SMAD7 signaling pathway. Therefore, this review provides compelling evidence that SRPX2 might be a therapeutic target for inflammation and cancer-related inflammation for future cancer therapeutics.
[Retracted] Detection of CEA and ProGRP Levels in BALF of Patients with Peripheral Lung Cancer and Their Relationship with CT Signs
Authors: Tian Kui , Li Zhengmin , Qin Lixin
Published: July 2022

Background. Lung cancer is a common clinical thoracic malignant tumor, which had a serious impact on the safety of patients, currently ranking first in all malignant tumors in morbidity and mortality, with generally less than 5% survival rate in 5 years. Objective. To investigate the relationship and significance between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and precursor gastrin‐releasing peptide (ProGRP) changing levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and CT imaging features in patients with peripheral lung cancer. Methods. A total of 90 patients diagnosed with peripheral lung cancer as the lung cancer group and 60 patients with benign lung diseases as the control group in our hospital from May 2019 to October 2021 were selected to compare the differences of CEA and ProGRP in BALF by the classification of CT features. Results. The levels of CEA and ProGRP in the BALF of the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those of the control group; the proportion of patients with lobulation sign, burr sign, ground glass sign, pleural effusion, and lesion diameter ≥ 3.0 cm in the lung cancer group was higher than that in the control group; the CEA level in BALF of lung cancer patients with spicule sign, pleural effusion, and lesion diameter ≥ 3.0 cm was significantly higher than that without these symptoms, while ProGRP level in the BALF of lung cancer patients with lobulation sign, burr sign, ground glass sign, pleural effusion, and lesion diameter ≥ 3.0 cm was significantly higher than that of lung cancer patients without these symptoms. Conclusion. The check of CEA and ProGRP in BALF in combination with CT features has a certain clinical value for the diagnosis of lung cancer. At the same time, the increased levels of CEA and ProGRP in BALF have a certain correlation with the changes of malignant signs of lung cancer in CT examination.
Design and Implementation of Scientific Management and Engineering Intelligence Based on Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Wang Bo , Huang Songhua
Published: July 2022

This paper takes the intelligent engineering as an example and uses the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) tool to decompose the intelligent engineering into specific subsystems and describe each subsystem. In the field of intelligent engineering construction, it is impossible to ensure that the construction project will not be changed. To reduce scope changes, efforts can be made in three aspects: first, to accurately locate project requirements and find enough work to be done; second, to scientifically define the scope of the project and delete unnecessary work; and third, to effectively control scope changes. Ensure that all work is done to achieve the project goals. This paper starts from the actual project management experience, conducts a comprehensive summary and refinement, proposes key strategies and methods for project scope management, and puts forward the following points of view. Intelligent design should be completed by professional design agencies, and intelligent construction should be completed by professional construction teams. There should be standards for intelligent acceptance to follow. Hope this article will be helpful for project managers.
A Fault Detection Method of Memristor in Chaotic Circuit Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Huang Shishi , Ma Tianyu
Published: July 2022

Memristor is the fourth basic circuit component after the three basic circuit components of resistance, capacitance and inductance. It has the characteristics of nonlinear characteristics and memory function and shows great application prospects in the fields of memory, neural network, logic operation, chaotic circuit and so on. The appearance of memristor provides a new choice for the circuit realization of chaotic system. The chaotic circuit based on memristor has different characteristics compared with the chaotic circuit constructed by general components. Therefore, we studied the chaotic circuit based on memristor. It will be of great significance to the application of memristive chaotic attractors in practical engineering. In order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of memristors in various circuits, the method of combining the artificial neural network and fuzzy analysis is used for fault detection of memristors in chaotic circuits, which can accurately judge whether the memristors in the circuit are faulty. The work of this paper is as follows: (1) development status of memristors and the detection methods related to memristor faults are introduced in detail. This paper also introduces and summarizes the development of machine learning, especially neural networks considering references of related theories in memristor fault detection. (2) Introduced the relevant theory of CNN and proposed to use one-dimensional CNN for fault diagnosis. Based on this, an improved method, namely, artificial feature enhancement model, was proposed. (3) The memristor fault detection data set was designed, and the validity of the structure and parameters of the selected CNN is verified. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the improvement are verified by the comparison of the CNN model and the artificial feature enhancement model.
Genomic Mutation Landscape of Primary Breast Lymphoma: Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Huang Chen , Liu Jingjing , Wu Lili , Zhang Huichao , Wu Xiaolin , Wang Lianjing , Li Weijing , Liu Wei , Liu Lihong
Published: July 2022

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) with rapid progression and high risk of central nervous system metastasis. We have investigated 40 PBL patients retrospectively, and 16 of them were sequenced by a target panel of 112 genes related with lymphoma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified 203 mutations spanning 35 genes and revealed seven potential protein-changing genes (PIM1, MYD88, DTX1, CD79B, KMT2D, TNFAIP3, and ITPKB) with high frequency, referring crucial roles in lymphomagenesis. Our result suggested that PIM1 mutation is correlated with the age and pathological type of PBL patients. Gene TNFAIP3 and KMT2D mutation is only related to the pathological type and primary site, respectively. These high-mutant genes detected in PBL indicated a tendency to shorten overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), which may lead to poor prognosis. Furthermore, the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway and related regulatory factors are essential for the development of targeted therapy as well.
Influence of Ningbo–Zhoushan Port Main Corridor on the Tidal Current Dynamics in the Zhoushan Sea Area
Authors: Gu Zhanxiong
Published: July 2022

Ningbo–Zhoushan Port Main Corridor project is important in the development of Zhoushan City, but its impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Zhoushan sea area is still unclear. Finite volume method is used in the present study to solve the shallow water equations and establish a plane two-dimensional tidal current numerical model. The measured tidal current data of the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay is utilized to verify the accuracy of the model in simulating the tidal current process. The results indicate the model can numerically reproduce the tidal current process in the Hangzhou Bay–Yangtze River Estuary–Zhoushan sea area (HYZ). In addition, the dynamic characteristics of tidal currents in the Zhoushan sea area with and without piers are compared. The results show that the construction of the project changes the water level near the bridge piers and causes the water obstruction and deficiency in the front and behind the piers, respectively. Tidal flow velocity increases on sides of the piers with while a low velocity area is formed before and after the piers. The project construction exerts a small impact on the tidal currents but a strong influence on the local area near the bridge piers.
Duration of Acute Kidney Injury and In‐Hospital Mortality in Elder Patients with Severe COVID‐19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cai Yue , Tang Chong , Song Yun , Li Qinglin , Guo Shanshan , Chen Yanyan , Wang Fang , Li Yangping , Lei Yan , Li Fei , Tao Ling
Published: July 2022

Background. Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) have extremely high rates of mortality. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of AKI duration on in‐hospital mortality in elder patients. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of 126 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 with severe or critical disease who treated in the ICU from February 4, 2020, to April 16, 2020. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine (Scr) criteria. AKI patients were divided into transient AKI and persistent AKI groups based on whether Scr level returned to baseline within 48 h post‐AKI. Results. In total, 107 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 70 (64–78) years, and 69 (64.5%) patients were men. AKI occurred in 48 (44.9%) during their ICU stay. Of these, 11 (22.9%) had transient AKI, and 37 (77.9%) had persistent AKI. In‐hospital mortality was 18.6% (n = 11) for patients without AKI, 72.7% (n = 8) for patients with transient AKI, and 86.5% (n = 32) for patients with persistent AKI (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed that patients with both transient AKI and persistent AKI had significantly higher death rates than those without AKI (log‐rank P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that transient and persistent AKI were an important risk factor for in‐hospital mortality in older patients with severe COVID‐19 even after adjustment for variables (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.582; 95% CI: 1.025–6.505; P = 0.044; and HR = 6.974; 95% CI: 3.334–14.588; P < 0.001). Conclusions. AKI duration can be an important predictive parameter in elder patients suffering from COVID‐19 and are admitted to ICU. Among these patients, those exhibiting persistent AKI have a lower in‐hospital survival rate than those with transient AKI, emphasizing the importance of identifying an appropriate treatment window for early intervention.
Redifferentiation Therapy—Returning to Our Roots in a Post–Kinase Inhibitor World
Authors: Cabanillas Maria E. , Busaidy Naifa L. , Sherman Steven I.
Published: July 2022

Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is an effective treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, many patients are refractory. Using targeted drugs to reinduce RAI sensitivity (“redifferentiation therapy”) has long been sought after as the holy grail in endocrine oncology.

See related article by Weber et al., p. 4194
CBX8 Together with SET Facilitates Ovarian Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis by Suppressing the Transcription of SUSD2
Authors: Wu Yanjie , Duan Yang , Li Xuanyuan , Zhao Ran , Lan Bei , Zhang Xingyan , Wang Xiaochen , Chen Hao , Feng Shengyun , Liu Zhenfeng , Cheng Yiming , Xi Lishan , Wang Yingmei , Xue Fengxia , Xuan Chenghao
Published: July 2022

Polycomb group proteins are often dysregulated in cancer, leading to disruption of epigenetic landscapes and acquisition of cancer hallmarks. Chromobox 8 (CBX8) is a core component of canonical polycomb repressive complex 1; however, its role in transcriptional regulation and in ovarian carcinoma progression has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we find that CBX8 is upregulated in ovarian cancer. Overexpression and knockdown approaches show that CBX8 facilitates the growth and migration of CAOV3, A2780, and SKOV3 cells in vitro. Consistently, depletion of CBX8 suppresses the growth and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing assays together with functional rescue experiments identify a tumor suppressor, SUSD2, as the functional target of CBX8 in ovarian carcinoma cells. Significantly, FLAG affinity coupled with mass spectrometry discovers that CBX8 interacts with a subunit of inhibitor of acetyltransferases (INHAT), SET, which also promotes the growth and migration of A2780 cells. CBX8 and SET cobind to the promoter of SUSD2 to establish H2AK119ub1 and prevent the acetylation of histone H3, resulting in transcriptional suppression of SUSD2.

Implications:

Our study uncovers a novel mechanism CBX8 explores to execute gene repression, and provides new therapeutic targets for ovarian carcinoma.
A Cancer Cell–Intrinsic GOT2–PPARδ Axis Suppresses Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Abrego Jaime , Sanford-Crane Hannah , Oon Chet , Xiao Xu , Betts Courtney B. , Sun Duanchen , Nagarajan Shanthi , Diaz Luis , Sandborg Holly , Bhattacharyya Sohinee , Xia Zheng , Coussens Lisa M. , Tontonoz Peter , Sherman Mara H.
Published: July 2022

Despite significant recent advances in precision medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains near uniformly lethal. Although immune-modulatory therapies hold promise to meaningfully improve outcomes for patients with PDAC, the development of such therapies requires an improved understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms that characterize the PDAC microenvironment. Here, we show that cancer cell–intrinsic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) shapes the immune microenvironment to suppress antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we find that GOT2 functions beyond its established role in the malate–aspartate shuttle and promotes the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor delta (PPARδ), facilitated by direct fatty acid binding. Although GOT2 is dispensable for cancer cell proliferation in vivo, the GOT2–PPARδ axis promotes spatial restriction of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate a noncanonical function for an established mitochondrial enzyme in transcriptional regulation of immune evasion, which may be exploitable to promote a productive antitumor immune response.

Significance:

Prior studies demonstrate the important moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes in cancer. We find that the mitochondrial transaminase GOT2 binds directly to fatty acid ligands that regulate the nuclear receptor PPARδ, and this functional interaction critically regulates the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer to promote tumor progression.

See related commentary by Nwosu and di Magliano, p. 2237..

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221
Vismodegib in Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma in Slovenia
Authors: Mesti Tanja , Sever Maša , Ocvirk Janja
Published: July 2022

Background: Vismodegib is a first-in-class inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) and metastatic BCC. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report outcomes of patients with laBCC, with basal cell carcinoma nevus syndrome (Gorlin Goltz syndrome [G-G Syn]) treated with vismodegib in routine clinical practice in Slovenia in 8.3-year period. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed baseline characteristics, outcomes, and treatment-related adverse events from locally advanced BCC. The patients were divided into two cohorts: 39 laBCC or multiple BCC patients and 7 patients with G-G Syn who were treated with vismodegib from November 2012 till January 2021. Results: During 100-month period, 46 patients were diagnosed with laBCC (26), multiple BCC (13), and G-G Syn (7), all inappropriate for surgery or radiotherapy. Baseline characteristics: median age was 72.8 years in laBCC + multiple BCC cohort and 47.4 years in G-G Syn cohort. The objective response rate was 80% in laBCC + multiple BCC and 86% in G-G Syn cohort. Disease control rate (DCR) was 95% in laBCC + multiple BCC and 100% in G-G Syn cohort. Median duration of treatment was 9.9 months (range: 1.5–43.1) in laBCC and multiple BCC cohort and 19.5 months (range: 3.6–94.1) in G-G Syn cohort. Majority of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in laBCC or multiple BCC cohort were grade 1 or 2 (96%), only 4% of AEs were grade 3. Majority of TEAEs in G-G Syn cohort were also grade 1 or 2 (87%), 13% of AEs were grade 3. No grade 4 or 5 vismodegib-related AEs were reported. Conclusion: Vismodegib has shown meaningful efficacy with DCR from 95% to 100% in patients with laBCC, multiple BCC, and G-G Syn in Slovenia. TEAEs were successfully alleviated with multidisciplinary approach and early supportive care.
How to Improve Training in Descriptive Psychopathology for Psychiatry Residents: A Delphi Study
Authors: Etxeandia-Pradera Jon-Inaki , Landeta Jon , Gonzalez-Such Jose , Aguilar Eduardo-Jesus
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Descriptive psychopathology (DP) is the language of psychiatry and is dedicated to the description of mental symptoms. Despite its core importance, a systematic review identified a series of shortcomings in its training. This Delphi study seeks to provide guidance for better didactic and clinical training in DP. Method: The authors used the Delphi method in order to gather, pool, and optimize the knowledgeable opinion of a highly qualified panel of international experts on how to improve DP training. A preliminary phase with open-ended questions was the basis to elaborate a Delphi questionnaire consisting of 14 questions on didactic and clinical training, which was then used in two successive Delphi rounds. Twenty-nine international experts in DP participated throughout the study. Results: A series of hierarchical lists on how to improve DP training were elaborated. Regarding didactic training, the experts valued the contents and educational methods, as well as recommended authors and texts. Regarding clinical training, the experts valued educational methods, desirable characteristics in clinical supervisors, how to improve the supervisors’ expertise, useful aspects and facilitating questions for direct supervision, and the suitability of including other evaluators besides the supervisor. In the final survey, 94% of the experts considered that the Delphi method had been effective to obtain and improve their opinions. Conclusions: Insufficient direct supervision in live interviews was considered the most important problem. A series of general measures were proposed to improve DP training: (i) adapting DP training throughout residency, with introductory and advanced levels; (ii) making DP training compulsory in psychiatry curricula; (iii) assessing residents’ DP knowledge and clinical use; and (iv) training the trainers/supervisors in both content (DP) and form (how to train/supervise residents). Within didactic training, epistemology of DP and contemporary and classic authors/texts were the highest rated contents, while supervised discussions based on cases, videos, or readings were the highest rated methods. Within clinical training, 8 aspects of DP that could guide the supervisor were highly rated: mental state examination, dialogue, empathy and understanding, attitude/willingness, knowledge-practice bridge, mental symptom formation, implications for decision-making, and the written report of the encounter.
An Unexplored Role for MMP-7 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-7) in Promoting Gut Permeability After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Larochelle Jonathan , Yang Changjun , Liu Lei , Candelario-Jalil Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Poststroke infections are common complications of stroke and are highly associated with poor outcomes for patients. Stroke induces profound immunodepression coupled with alterations to autonomic signaling, which together render the body more susceptible to infection from without (nosocomial/community-acquired infection) and from within (commensal bacterial infection). Critical to the hypothesis of commensal infection is the phenomenon of poststroke gut permeability and gut dysbiosis. Few studies have provided adequate explanations for the mechanisms underlying the molecular alterations that produce a more permeable gut and perturbed gut microbiota after stroke. A dysregulation in the production of matrix MMP-7 (metalloproteinase-7) may play a critical role in the progression of gut permeability after stroke. By cleaving junctional and extracellular matrix proteins, MMP-7 is capable of compromising gut barrier integrity. Because of MMP-7’s unique abundance in the small intestine and its capacity to be induced in states of bacterial invasion and inflammation, along with its unique degradative capability, MMP-7 may be crucially important to the progression of gut permeability after ischemic stroke.
KATILIM BANKALARININ LİKİDİTE RİSK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ
Authors: AKBAŞ Fatih
Published: July 2022

Bankalarda diğer ticari kuruluşlar gibi çeşitli riskler ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu risklerden biri de likidite riskidir. Bankaların varlıkları fonlayamaması ve yükümlülüklerini yerine getirememesi likidite riskini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Geleneksel bankaların likidite riskini ölçen literatürde pek çok çalışma vardır. Fakat katılım bankalarını temel alan ve likidite riski üzerinde etkili olan faktörleri inceleyen çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada beş adet katılım bankasının 2016 ve 2019 yıllarını kapsayan üçer aylık verileri kullanılarak, likidite riski üzerinde etkili olan değişkenler panel veri yöntemi kullanarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda likidite riski ile sermaye yeterlilik oranı arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç katılım bankalarının likit aktifleri arttıkça likidite riskinin azalacağını ortaya koymuştur.
How Good Governance (GG) Affects Diaspora Motivations for Remittances to Iran
Authors: Lotfalipour Mohammad Reza , Falahi Mohammad Ali , Zareei Afsaneh , Matuszczak Anna
Published: July 2022

In this study, we examined different models for the motivation of the Iranian diaspora to send remittances to Iran, with and without governance indicators, to analyse the impact of economic factors and governance indicators on remittances. The results based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) method show that the income level of the origin and host country had positive and significant effects on the diasporas’ motivation for remittances to Iran. Also, Iran’s real exchange rate has a negative impact on remittances, whereas the interest rate differential is positive. The results confirm that the quality of governance and its indicators are essential factors for remittances. Overall, the macroeconomic conditions, along with good governance in Iran, have influenced remittances. Between investment and altruistic motives, altruism has been the primary motivation of remittances due to the lack of good economic and governance conditions in Iran during the years under review.
“Black CNN”: Cultural Transmission of Moral Norms through Narrative Art
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: July 2022

In recent debates in moral psychology and literary Darwinism, several authors suggested that narrative art plays a significant role in the process of the social learning of moral norms, functioning as storage of locally salient moral information. However, an integrative view, which would help explain the inner workings of this morally educative function of narrative art, is still lacking. This paper provides such a unifying theoretical account by bringing together insights from moral psychology (concerning the non-reflective nature of moral cognition), educational sciences (concerning different types of settings and methods of moral learning), cognitive/evolutionary narratology (concerning how easy narrative art lends itself to the transmission of moral information), and cultural evolution (concerning different types of learning strategies/biases in relation to narrative art). A study of contemporary American rap music is included to showcase the benefits of this integrative approach in the context of one particular type of narrative art.
Cultural Conventions as Group-Makers
Authors: Slors Marc
Published: July 2022

In most literature on human cultural evolution and the emergence of large-scale cooperation, the main function of cultural conventions is described as providing group-markers. This paper argues that cultural conventions serve another purpose as well that is at least as important. Large-scale cooperation is characterized by complex division of labour and by a diversity of social roles associated with cultural institutions. This requires ubiquitous ‘role-interaction coordination’ – as it will be labelled. It is argued that without cultural conventions this type of coordination would be cognitively intractable. Thus, apart from functioning as group markers, they are first and foremost important group-makers.
The Dead May Kill You
Authors: White Claire , Marin Maya , Fessler Daniel M. T.
Published: July 2022

There is considerable evidence that beliefs in supernatural punishment decrease self-interested behavior and increase cooperation amongst group members. To date, research has largely focused on beliefs concerning omniscient moralistic gods in large-scale societies. While there is an abundance of ethnographic accounts documenting fear of supernatural punishment, there is a dearth of systematic cross-cultural comparative quantitative evidence as to whether belief in supernatural agents with limited powers in small-scale societies also exert these effects. Here, we examine information extracted from the Human Relations Area Files on cultural discourse about the recently deceased, local ancestor spirits, and mortuary practices across 57 representative cultures. We find evidence that in traditional small-scale societies ancestor spirits are commonly believed to be capable of inflicting harm, with many attendant practices aimed at mitigating this danger. However, such beliefs do not appear to promote cooperation, as ancestor spirits seem to be concerned with interactions between themselves and the living, and to prioritize their own welfare. Many attendant practices are inconsistent even with bipartite cooperation with ancestors that could be viewed as a model for other relationships. The broader implications of this research for the cultural evolution of religion are discussed.
How Do You Solve a Problem Like ‘Religious Literacy’?: Thinking with Wolfart’s ‘Religious Literacy’ Reservations
Authors: Lester Rita
Published: July 2022

Wolfart persuasively locates religious literacy advocacy within the reforming, salvific myth of literacies. However, instead of Wolfart’s identification of religious literacy as ex-theological, I argue that a narrowly defined religious literacy is theological and, therefore, Religious Studies faculty should (re)negotiate what it means in relation to what we do as teachers. For this, Religious Studies faculty need to resist the civic soteriology and the seductive allure of claiming authority based on specialness or supposed distinctiveness of something called religious.