bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental origin and cell stage of non‐disjunction of double trisomy in spontaneous abortion
Authors: Li Qing Ying , Tsukishiro Sami , Nakagawa Chiaki , Tanemura Mitsuyo , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi , Suzumori Kaoru , Sonta Shin‐ichi
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT  Using polymorphic analysis of microsatellites, we investigated the parental origin and mechanism of double trisomies seen in cases of spontaneous abortion. We obtained chorionic villi from spontaneous abortions, and peripheral blood from females who experienced abortion and their spouses. Chromosomal analysis of 170 cases revealed four cases with double  trisomy.  The  karyotypes  of  these cases are 48,XX,+16,+22, 48,XXY,+18, 48,XX,+15,+21 and 48,XX,+2,+5. In the present study, the incidence of double trisomy was 2.4% of spontaneous abortions. Polymorphic analysis of microsatellites indicated that extra chromosomes were all of maternal origin in the four cases of double trisomy. The predominance of maternal origin in cases of double trisomy is similar to cases of single trisomy. The result also indicated that both extra chromosomes in two cases occurred by non‐disjunction at the first meiotic division, and extra chromosomes in the other two cases occurred by non‐disjunction at the first mitotic division. The mean maternal age in cases of double trisomy was significantly higher than that in cases of single trisomy. These findings suggest the possibility that abnormal separation of two or more chromosomes may occur simultaneously in oogonia, and that this phenomenon may increase in relation to the increase in age of women.
COOLING EFFECTS ON PROCESSED CHEESE FUNCTIONALITY
Authors: ZHONG QIXIN , DAUBERT CHRISTOPHER R. , FARKAS BRIAN E.
Published: February 2005

Textural and functional properties of processed cheese are affected by a final production step – cooling. Rheological data demonstrate a firmer cheese at slower cooling rates. To simulate industrial production, five‐pound cheese loaves were cooled in an environment at 5C under free and forced convection. Slice‐ability was estimated by cutting loaves at different locations using a wire‐cutting device, and melt‐ability was determined by the Schreiber method. Cooling rates, estimated from a heat transfer model, did not show a large difference within the five‐pound loaf, and no obvious trends in slice‐ability and melt‐ability were observed. Comparing forced with free convection, a smaller force was required to slice the cheese, and a higher melt score was experienced for the forced convection scenario. Cheese manufacturers can benefit from this research by manipulating cooling schedules to achieve desired textural attributes of processed cheese.
MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM FOR FECAL AND INGESTA DETECTION ON POULTRY CARCASSES
Authors: PARK BOSOON , LAWRENCE KURT C. , WINDHAM WILLIAM R. , SMITH DOUGLAS P.
Published: February 2005

A multispectral imaging system, including a common aperture camera with three optical trim filters (515.4, 566.4 and 631 nm), which were selected by visible/near‐infrared NIR spectroscopy and validated by a hyperspectral imaging system, was developed for a real‐time, on‐line poultry inspection application. The algorithm developed by a hyperspectral imaging system was employed for multispectral image analysis to validate the accuracy of fecal and ingesta detection in real‐time poultry processing. A multispectral imaging system could be used effectively for detecting feces (from duodenum, ceca, and colon) and ingesta on the surface of poultry carcasses with the processing time of approximately 251 ms or 3.99 frames/s. The multispectral imaging system developed in this research can be used for real‐time, on‐line detection of fecal and ingesta contaminant on poultry carcasses. The overall accuracy to identify fecal and ingesta contaminants was 96.8% and the prediction accuracy to identify each contaminant were 92.4% for duodenum and 98% for ceca, colon, and ingesta with moderate false positives.
DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF ROASTED PEANUTS STORED AT VARYING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS
Authors: LEE C.M. , RESURRECCION A.V.A.
Published: February 2005

Roasted peanuts were stored at 20 treatment combinations of water activities (0.33, 0.44, 0.54, 0.67, 0.75) and temperatures (23, 30, 35, 40C), and evaluated after storing for 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 110% of estimated shelf life, ranging from 0 to 91 days. Regression models indicated that increasing storage time and storage water activity resulted in decreasing crispness, crunchiness, hardness, roasted peanutty, sweet aromatic, salty, bitter and sweet attributes and increasing fracturability, chewiness, tooth packing and cardboard flavor. Storage temperature did not contribute to regression models of textural properties of roasted peanuts. Increasing storage temperature resulted in a faster rate of decrease for roasted peanutty and faster rate of increase of cardboard flavor. Roasted peanuts stored between 0.33 and 0.41 awat 23C are predicted to have the least change in sensory properties after 68 and 91 days respectively.
THERMAL PERCEPTIONS AND PREFERENCES IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: PETIT CECILE , SIEKIERSKI EDOUARD , DANZART MARC
Published: February 2005

Sensory analysis was applied to the study of thermal perception, in order to determine and characterize end‐users’ preferences concerning five indoor thermal environments generated by different heating systems. In this review, we developed a sensory profile method to describe and quantify the sensory characteristics of the thermal environments. A consumer test was also performed in order to investigate the hedonic judgment of 119 end users.

The results show that trained assessors are able to describe and quantify sensory differences between the environments with high reliability. Consumers’ preferences are influenced by both their thermal sensations in the environments, as expressed by the sensory panel, and their personal opinions of the corresponding heating systems.
STUDY ON SENSORY AND COMPOSITION CHANGES IN ITALIAN AMARONE VALPOLICELLA RED WINE DURING AGING
Authors: PAGLIARINI ELLA , TOMASELLI NICO , BRENNA ORESTE V.
Published: February 2005

Amarone is a red wine produced with a technique already known to the ancient Romans, based on withered grapes and a slow fermentation. Amarone is now considered to be one of the great Italian wines and it is exported all over the world.

Sensory and compositional analyses were carried out to describe the profile of the Amarone over four vintages (1998–2001) at different stages of aging.

All wines were analyzed for titratable and volatile acidity, pH, alcohol content, residual sugars, t‐resveratrol, antioxidant power, color, tonality, total polyphenols and anthocyans. Twelve trained people evaluated aroma and flavor attributes of all the wines in triplicate in a sensory session. Principal component analysis (PCA) of chemical, physical and sensory data for Amarone wine allowed us to highlight the differences between the wines. In general, the 1998 and 1999 vintages had higher aroma and flavor of Wood and Alcohol than the 2000 vintage, which, on the other hand, had higher aroma and flavor of Liquor and Cherry in alcohol. In contrast, the younger wine (2001 vintage) was the more Astringent and had many polyphenols and anthocyans, distinctive features for a red wine that has been in the cask for a short time.
Efficacy of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Therapy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients on Hemodialysis as Evaluated by Parathyroid Hormone Levels According to K/DOQI Guidelines
Authors: Tanaka Motoko , Itoh Kazuko , Matsushita Kazunori , Matsushita Kazutaka , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: February 2005

Abstract:  Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a major complication of hemodialysis patients. Recently, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) has become a useful alternative treatment to parathyroidectomy (PTx). In this study, we evaluate the usefulness of PEIT for SHPT according to Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. We studied 28 patients on hemodialysis with high intact‐PTH (>400 pg/mL) and one to four swollen parathyroid glands detected by power Doppler ultrasonography. They were classified into Group 1 (N = 16), with 1 or 2 swollen glands, Group 2 (N = 5), with 3 or 4 swollen glands, and Group 3 (N = 7), high‐risk patients for PTx. We compared serum intact‐PTH levels 1 year after PEIT according to K/DOQI guidelines among these groups. We also evaluated the effectiveness of PEIT and PTx by comparing intact‐PTH levels in 21 patients 1 year after PEIT (groups 1 and 2) with 11 patients after PTx. In Group 1, adequate intact‐PTH levels were noted in 13 of 16 (81.2%) patients after PEIT, while 1 patient of 5 (20%) was achieved in Group 2, and 2 of 7 (28.6%) patients of Group 3. Adequate intact‐PTH levels were attained in 14 of 21 (66.7%) patients of the PEIT group but only in 2 of 11 (18.2%) patients of the PTx group. Our results suggest that PEIT is a useful treatment for SHPT, especially in patients with one or two swollen glands. Through appropriate selection of patients for PEIT and correct injection of ethanol into the enlarged parathyroid gland, PEIT could accomplish better outcomes based on K/DOQI guidelines.
The bioethical principles and Confucius’ moral philosophy
Authors: Tsai D F-C
Published: February 2005

This paper examines whether the modern bioethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice proposed by Beauchamp and Childress are existent in, compatible with, or acceptable to the leading Chinese moral philosophy—the ethics of Confucius. The author concludes that the moral values which the four prima facie principles uphold are expressly identifiable in Confucius’ teachings. However, Confucius’ emphasis on the filial piety, family values, the “love of gradation”, altruism of people, and the “role specified relation oriented ethics” will inevitably influence the “specification” and application of these bioethical principles and hence tend to grant “beneficence” a favourable position that diminishes the respect for individual rights and autonomy. In contrast, the centrality of respect for autonomy and its stance of “first among equals” are more and more stressed in Western liberal viewpoints. Nevertheless, if the Confucian “doctrine of Mean” (chung-yung) and a balanced “two dimensional personhood” approach are properly employed, this will require both theorists and clinicians, who are facing medical ethical dilemmas, of searching to attain due mean out of competing moral principles thus preventing “giving beneficence a priority” or “asserting autonomy must triumph”.
Blinkered objections to bioethics: a response to Benatar
Authors: Taylor J
Published: February 2005

In a recent commentary, S R Benatar criticised the debates over organ donation and kidney selling for being located within a “narrow and inadequate framework”. Benatar levels four charges against those who engage in the current organs debate: that they myopically focus on saving lives; that they accept the dominance of market orientated approaches to health care; that they reify individualism, and that they engage in limited moral arguments. Given the importance of the organs debate it is imperative that the misunderstandings of it on which Benatar’s criticisms are based are dispelled. Accordingly, I will consider and reject each of his objections in turn.
TO THE THEORY OF WAVES IN PERIODIC STRUCTURES IN INVERSE PROBLEM APPROACH
Authors: CHABANOV V. M. , ZAKHARIEV B. N.
Published: February 2005

We show that the mechanism of spectral gap formation while switching on periodic perturbation has a "hidden resonance" nature. It consists of a coherent wreck of physical solutions (making them asymptotically unrestricted increasing/decreasing). This notion also gives us paradoxically the key for understanding of wave behavior in allowed zones as alternation of these mutually destructive but compensating regimes resulting in wave beating. The inversion technique also gives rise to zone spectral control algorithms. We reveal a new degree of freedom: the possibility to manipulate the rate of divergence of the solutions in any chosen energy point of the forbidden zone. This forbiddenness makes a deep physical sense, for example, penetration property of separate sectors of heterogeneous structures at chosen energy. We demonstrate examples of application of our theory changing forbiddenness and shifting spectral bands boundaries including instructive merging of zones.
INVESTIGATION OF TRIPLE PENDULUM WITH IMPACTS USING FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTION MATRICES
Authors: AWREJCEWICZ JAN , KUDRA GRZEGORZ , LAMARQUE CLAUDE-HENRI
Published: February 2005

In this work a triple pendulum with damping, external forcing and impacts is investigated. We integrate the obtained system of governing equations between two successive impacts, and the discontinuity points are detected (by halving time step until the required precision is obtained). For each impact time, the state of the system is transformed using the extended restitution coefficient rule. The theory of Aizerman and Gantmakher is used to calculate the fundamental solution matrices in the analyzed system exhibiting discontinuities. Fundamental matrices are used during calculation of Lyapunov exponents, in stability analysis of periodic solution (Floquet multipliers) and in shooting method of finding periodic orbits. Then some examples for three coupled identical rods with horizontal barrier are shown.
EVALUATION OF THE COMPUTATIONAL ERRORS BY MEANS OF BIFURCATION EVENTS
Authors: SERFATY DE MARKUS ALICIA , DE CIENCIAS FACULTAD
Published: February 2005

A method is proposed for the estimation of computational errors in the fixed-step integration of nonlinear systems of differential equations. This method finds the bifurcation parameters from the characteristic values of the scheme-generated discrete set and then measures the deviation from expected values at well-defined bifurcation events. With the help of some nonlinear test models, it was found that this deviation or error obeys a scaling law function of the integration step with a characteristic noninteger exponent. Our results are in agreement with previously reported errors in first order schemes. The examination of bifurcation parameters as a function of both the step and initial conditions showed the presence of several attractors where a simpler dynamics was expected. Further considerations of shadowing effects and the presence of a limiting step size are consistent with a complex build up of computational error as manifested by the scaling law.
THE GEOMETRY OF FAREY STAIRCASES
Authors: LOSADA M. PIACQUADIO
Published: February 2005

We study Cantor staircases arising from different problems in Physics. Each staircase is endowed with the Farey structure in the vertical axis, the underlying cantordust set Ω having a fractal dimension strictly between 0 and 1. We find that length and distribution of stairsteps follow hyperbolic laws related to the Poincaré measure in the hyperbolic half-plane. The geometry of the underlying Ω is studied with the same tools.
FINITENESS OF THE AREA OF BASINS OF ATTRACTION OF RELAXED NEWTON METHOD FOR CERTAIN HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: ÇİLİNGİR FİGEN
Published: February 2005

For a nonconstant function F and a real number h∈]0, 1] the relaxed Newton's method NF,hof F is an iterative algorithm for finding the zeroes of F. We show that when relaxed Newton's method is applied to complex function F(z)=P(z)eQ(z), where P and Q are polynomials, the basin of attraction of a root of F has finite area if the degree of Q exceeds or equals 3. The key point is that NF,his a rational map with a parabolic fixed point at infinity.
GWN-INDUCED BURSTING, SPIKING, AND RANDOM SUBTHRESHOLD IMPULSING OSCILLATION BEFORE HOPF BIFURCATIONS IN THE CHAY MODEL
Authors: YANG ZHUOQIN , LU QISHAO , GU HUAGUANG , REN WEI
Published: February 2005

Gaussian white noise (GWN), as an intrinsic noise source, can give rise to various firing activities at the rest state before a supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation (supH or subH) in the Chay system without or with external current input, when VK, VC, λn and I are considered as changeable control parameters. These firing activities are closely related to the global bifurcation mechanism of the whole system and the fast/slow dynamical subsystems, and can be tackled by means of bifurcation analysis.

GWN can induce some typical bursting phenomena in the stochastic Chay system. Firstly, integer multiple "fold/homoclinic" or "circle/homoclinic" bursting due to GWN, with only one spike per burst, can arise from rest states before both subH and supH (with respect to the parameter VK), and their respective trajectories have the same shape and property. However, less spikes appear and their peaks are lower before supH, comparing with those before subH. Secondly, a "fold/fold" point–point hysteresis loop bursting due to GWN is generated before supH (with respect to the parameter VC) on the upper branch of a "Z"-shaped bifurcation curve between two fold bifurcations of the fast system. Thirdly, at a rest state before subH (with respect to the additional current I) situated on the lower branch of a "S"-shaped bifurcation curve between two fold bifurcations of the fast system, a GWN-induced firing pattern appears and is classified as "Hopf/homoclinic" bursting via "fold/homoclinic" point–point hysteresis loop.

GWN-induced firing activities other than bursting can also be observed in the stochastic Chay system. For example, sometimes GWN-induced continuous spiking without any particular shape may arise at a rest state before supH (with respect to the parameter VK) for certain values of parameters. Moreover, under the situation that a stable node and a stable focus coexist before subH (with respect to the parameter I) and the attractive region of the stable node is larger than that of the stable focus, GWN only provoke random subthreshold impulsing oscillation near the stable node.
STABILITY AND BIFURCATIONS OF PARAMETRICALLY EXCITED THIN LIQUID FILMS
Authors: GOTTLIEB O. , ORON ALEXANDER
Published: February 2005

We investigate the stability and bifurcations of parametrically excited thin liquid films. A recently derived nonlinear evolution equation for the two-dimensional spatio-temporal dynamics of falling liquid films on an oscillating vertical wall is expanded to low order Fourier modes. A fourth-order modal dynamical system is validated to yield the primary bifurcation structure of the fundamental falling film dynamics described by the Benney equation, and accurately predicts the quasi-periodic structure of the temporally modulated Benney equation (TMBE). The stability of fundamental steady and periodic solutions is analytically and numerically investigated so as to reveal the threshold for nonstationary and chaotic solutions corresponding to aperiodic modulated traveling waves. The reduced modal dynamical system enables construction of a comprehensive bifurcation structure, which is verified by numerical simulation of the evolution equation.
ZEROS AND RELATIVE DEGREE ASSIGNMENTS OF ADAPTIVE CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: MATSUO TAKAMI , SUEMITSU HARUO , NAKANO KAZUSHI
Published: February 2005

A general methodology for designing chaotic and hyperchaotic cryptosystems has been developed using the control systems theory. Grassi et al. proposed a nonlinear-observer-based decrypter for the state of an encrypter. If we can design the decrypter without the knowledge of the parameters of the encrypter, the chaos-based secure communication systems are not secure. In this paper, we have designed an observer-based chaotic communication system, which allows us to assign the relative degree and the zeros of its encrypter system. Moreover, under some conditions, we have designed an adaptive decrypter using the adaptive parameter adjustment law based on a Riccati equation when the transfer function of the encrypter is of minimal-phase type. The simulations via MATLAB/Simulink suggest that the encrypter dynamics should be designed such that its relative degree is more than 2 and its zeros are unstable so as to fail to synchronize the cryptosystem for the intruders.
The Sources of Fe Impurity in Heliotron E Plasma during NBI
Authors: Nishino Nobuhiro , Kondo Katsumi , Zushi Hideki , Kaneko Hiroshi , Mizuuchi Tohru , Besshou Sakae , Sato Motoyasu , Mutoh Takashi , Sano Fumimichi , Sudo Shigeru , Motojima Osamu , Obiki Tokuhiro , Iiyoshi Atsuo , Uo Koji
Published: February 2005

The sources of iron impurity in the Heliotron E plasma during NBI are investigated. When n
e is smaller than 1×1019 m-3, the main mechanism of iron impurity production is sputtering of the beam dump by a high energy oxygen beam which is included in the neutral beam. The iron impurity is reduced by half after Ti-gettering at the ion source of the NB injector. When n
e is larger than 3×1019 m-3, the main impurity source is the plasma-wall interaction, and this impurity is not reduced by the Ti-gettering.
Photovoltaic Cells of Merocyanine Dye Polymer Thin Films Prepared by Plasma Polymerization Method
Authors: Inoue Masumi , Morita Hiromasa , Takai Yoshiaki , Mizutani Teruyoshi , Ieda Masayuki
Published: February 2005

The plasma polymerization of merocyanine dye (Dye I and Dye II) was carried out. The basic dye structure in the plasma-polymerized film was similar to that in the evaporated one, but not for the extent of the aggregation of Dye II. The plasma-polymerized film showed a long-term stability of uniformity, while the evaporated film became inhomogeneous in several days. Short-circuit photocurrent spectra in a Au/film/Al cell depended on the side of illumination, which was explained by considering the generation of excitons, their diffusion and ionization at a Schottky barrier. The power conversion efficiency was 0.01% for Dye I, 0.02% for the plasma-polymerized Dye II and 0.33% for the evaporated Dye II. Such differences in the efficiency were understood by considering the extent of aggregation.
Raman Scattering and Photoluminescence Tomography
Authors: Watanabe Masahito , Ogawa Tomoya
Published: February 2005

Frequency shift and intensity of Raman scattering and photoluminescence are replicas of characteristic modes and concentration of impurities and/or defects in bulks, by which we can detect and analyze materials. Since their two dimensional mapping is very effective in characterizing materials, a microscope with a high resolution spectrometer is designed and developed by “streak-camera method ” rather than the “flying spot method ” usually used. Here, a specimen to be examined is moved in one direction only; that is, perpendicular to both the entrance slit and the optical axis of a spectrometer installed in the instrument. Some results obtained in a KDP (KH2PO4) crystal suggested the importance of transition regions between seed and crystal grown epitaxially on the seed.
Gas Phase Reaction Kinetics in Mercury-Photosensitized Decomposition of SiH4
Authors: Kamisako Koichi , Imai Toshio , Tarui Yasuo
Published: February 2005

The gas phase reaction in a mercury-sensitized decomposition of SiH4 under usual conditions for photo-CVD of a-Si:H was analyzed by means of mass spectroscopy. Reaction rates, i.e., the decomposition rate of SiH4 and the generation rates of Si2H6 and Si3H8, were measured. The reaction mechanism is summarized in twelve reaction steps, and rate equations were derived to explain substantially the obtained experimental results. Based on the rate equations, some rate constants were evaluated. The effect of H2 dilution of a chemical reaction was also discussed.
Composition Dependence of Internal Friction in Al2O3–3Y–ZrO2 Composites
Authors: Ono Teruaki , Nurishi Yukio , Hashiba Minoru , Itoh Hiroto
Published: February 2005

An apparatus was developed for measuring internal friction automatically with high accuracy at high temperatures. The composition dependence of the internal friction in an Al2O3–3Y–ZrO2 system was investigated at room temperature using it. The results showed that no cracks were produced in the 3Y–ZrO2 contents less than 40%, and that an energy absorption peak existed at about 20% 3Y–ZrO2 content.
High Pressure-High Temperature Gaseous Oxygen System for Processing Oxide Superconductor Materials
Authors: Schirber J. E. , Overmyer D. L. , Cieslak M. J.
Published: February 2005

We describe a high pressure-high temperature gaseous oxygen system which is proving useful in controlling oxygen content in a variety of high density copper oxide high T
c materials.
Improvements on the Optical Fiber Particle Sizer
Authors: Tatsuno Kyoichi
Published: February 2005

The following improvements were made on an optical fiber droplet sizer (previously developed by the author) that is used to measure the particle size and number density: (1) An accurate equation of the light intensity received on an optical fiber was derived while considering the scattering angle range of the light received on the optical fiber and the attenuation of the irradiation beam. (2) The particle size distribution, expressed as the particle number in units of volume, was obtained by solving the above accurate equation.
As a result of measurements of polystyrene particles with known size distributions and know number densities, it was confirmed that the accuracy of measurements was improved so that the error of the average diameter D was less than 0.1 µm (0.1 µm≤D≤1.0 µm) and the error of the number density was less than 100% (0.3 µm≤D≤1.0 µm).
Sulfur-K X-Ray Spectra and Electronic Structure of a Semiconductor Ag2S
Authors: Sugiura Chikara , Kitamura Michihide , Muramatsu Shinji , Shoji Shizuko , Kojima Shinjiro , Tada Yoshifumi , Umezu Ikurou , Arai Toshihiro
Published: February 2005

The Kβ emission and K-absorption spectra of sulfur in Ag2S are carefully measured and compared with the sulfur Kβ emission and K-absorption spectra of Cu1.8S reported previously. The spectra of Ag2S clearly show the existence of the energy gap in semiconducting Ag2S in contrast to the metallic phase Cu1.8S where the Kβ band edge overlaps with the K absorption edge. The sulfur-Kβ emission spectrum of Ag2S consists of two prominent peaks. The intensity of the high-energy peak is much greater than that of the low-energy peak, contrary to the sulfur-Kβ emission spectrum of Cu1.8S. It is suggested that the bottom of the conduction band of Ag2S arises mainly from the sulfur 4p states.
Chemically Modified Copper Hybrid Ion Sensor with 7,7,8,8,-Tetracyanoquinodimethane
Authors: Wakida Shin-ichi , Ujihira Yusuke
Published: February 2005

A copper hybrid ion sensor modified with 7,7,8,8,-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is proposed as a preparation method of an ion sensing membrane. The copper coated lead-wire ion selective field-effect transistor (CLISFET) with a copper TCNQ anion radical complex film showed a linear response of about 30 mV per decade change of copper ion activity (almost a theoretical Nernstian slope) in the range from 10-5 M to 10-1 M. Ag+, Hg2+ and S2- interfered with Cu(TCNQ
m
i
n
u
s
d
u
) film. However, the selectivity coefficients for other ions were below 10-2.5. The copper CLISFET gave a stable potential response after a slight initial drift during 2.5 hours. The response time of the copper CLISFET was less than 10 seconds from low to high concentrations; in the reverse case, the response time became less than 30 seconds as a result of the memory effect.
The Analysis of Surface Extended Energy Loss Fine Structure of Zinc Oxide
Authors: Konishi Ryōsuke , Arioka Masato , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Sasakura Hiroshi
Published: February 2005

The SEELFS (Surface Extended Energy Loss Fine Structure) of zinc oxide was observed. We obtained a nearest-neighbor atomic spacing of 0.202±0.001 nm (l=2) by correcting the phase shift which was dependent on the final angular momentum of l. This value is about 0.007 nm longer than the one of bulk.
Visual Measurement of Sorption of Water in Epoxy Resin with Polarized Light
Authors: Iwamoto Hisashi , Yoshikawa Toshiharu , Shintani Ryuichi
Published: February 2005

The diffusion coefficient of water in epoxy resin is obtained from the change of weight and by the fringe of Babinet's compensator of a sample under polarized light. Both methods give almost the same coefficients. In this new method, distribution of water in a sample is visible as fringes through Babinet's compensator.
Application of Millimeter-Wave Phase-Imaging Interferometry to the Tandem Mirror GAMMA 10
Authors: Hattori Kunihiko , Mase Atsushi , Mizuno Koji , Itakura Akiyosi , Inutake Masaaki , Miyoshi Syoichi
Published: February 2005

A millimeter-wave phase-imaging interferometer has been applied to the tandem mirror GAMMA 10. The interferometer consists of a 70 GHz klystron oscillator and a quasi-optical transmission system. The probe beam is expanded so as to fill orthogonal views of the plasma cross section. The views are imaged onto an 11-channel Schottky barrier diode array. The feasibility of measuring density profiles has been demonstrated.
Diamond Films Synthesized by Microwave Plasma CVD of Ethyl Alcohol, etc.
Authors: Watanabe Ichiro , Sugata Ken
Published: February 2005

Diamond films have been synthesized by the microwave plasma CVD of methane, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and acetone which are diluted with hydrogen. The films are evaluated by X-ray diffraction, SEM image and Raman spectroscopy. When ethyl and methyl alcohols are used, the diamond particles grow at a higher rate with lower gas pressure compared with the case of methane. The lower gas pressure facilitates the preparation of films with a uniform thickness over an available region (5×3.3 cm2) of a reaction tube.
Ion Beam Analysis of the Concentration and Thermal Release of Hydrogen in Silicon Nitride Films Prepared by ECR Plasma CVD Method
Authors: Kuroi Takashi , Umezawa Kenji , Yamane Junji , Shoji Fumiya , Oura Kenjiro , Hanawa Teruo
Published: February 2005

The concentration and thermal release of hydrogen from N-rich silicon nitride films prepared by ECR P-CVD deposition at high microwave powers 500 W have been investigated by means of the resonance nuclear reaction analysis and the elastic recoil detection analysis utilizing 6-8 MeV energy fluorine ion beams. The following results are obtained: (1) Hydrogen concentrations in the films examined were in the range of 0.8-2.2×1022 at/cm3, corresponding to 13-18 at% H. (2) Two types of hydrogen were found based on isochronal annealing studies. The first was the hydrogen released from the film at 400-600 K, which corresponds to 15% of the whole amount of hydrogen, the second was at 700–1100 K. The former can be attributed to the Si-H bonds and the latter to the N-H bonds. (3) The activation energies for detrapping are 0.34 eV and 1.14 eV for Si-H and N-H bonds, respectively.
Interdiffusion Phenomena Caused by Postannealing of ZnS:Mn Films in Thin-Film Electroluminescent Device
Authors: Matsuoka Tomizo , Nishikawa Masahiro , Kuwata Jun , Fujita Yosuke , Tohda Takao , Abe Atsushi
Published: February 2005

In the electroluminescent device laminated with the following thin films, ITO/Sr(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/ZnS:Mn/Y2O3/Al2O3/Al, diffusions of In, Sr and Ti ions to the ZnS:Mn film were observed at high postannealing temperature of the ZnS:Mn films. We confirmed that an optimized annealing temperature needed to obtain the highest luminance was located at 450°C, where pronounced diffusions did not take place. The diffusion of the Ti ion into the ZnS:Mn film was considered to affect the performance of the EL device.
Effect of Gas-Flow Velocity on Transient Behavior of Gain Constant in a Fast-Axial Flow Type CO2 Laser Amplifier
Authors: Tsuchida Eiichi , Sato Heihachi
Published: February 2005

Depending on the gas-flow velocity v together with the discharge current I
dis, the decrease of an output power amplified through a fast-axial flow type (FAF) CO2 laser amplifier has been observed within a few minutes after discharging its plasma tubes. Taking into account the effects of v and/or I
dis on the gas temperature, the pumping rate to the upper laser level and the dissociation of a CO2 molecule, the gain constant is formulated as a function of discharge time for a partially homogeneously broadened laser medium at individual vibrational-rotational transitions, under the conditions of the small-signal approximation and the resonant amplification. The experimentally determined small-signal gain is compared with the theoretical estimate based on the above formulation, being in good agreement with each other. Resultantly, the dependences of the observed power decrease and transient time to have a stable output power upon v with I
dis are also compared with the calculations and found to be consistent.
Preparation of Low-Energy Reference Electron Source with 169Yb
Authors: Kawakami Hirokane , Nisimura Keigo , Ohshima Takayoshi , Shibata Seiichi , Shoji Yoshihiko , Sugai Isao , Ukai Kumataro , Yasuda Takahiro , Morikawa Naotake , Nogawa Norio , Nagafuchi Teruyasu , Naito Fujio , Suzuki Takeshi , Taketani Hiroshi , Iwahashi Makio , Hisatake Kazuo , Fujioka Manabu , Fukushima Yasutaka , Matsuda Takeshi , Taniguchi Takashi
Published: February 2005

Large sized and uniformly deposited 169Yb sources were prepared with the following properties: the intensity variation and the deposited thickness were <±8% and ∼0.4 µg/cm2, respectively, for the source sizes of 35×45 mm2 and 20×100 mm2 with the deposited activity of 20-50 µCi, as an energy reference source for the neutrino mass measurement at INS. The technical details of the preparation: the processes of chemical separation and purification, and vacuum-deposition, are here reported.
Comparison of Minority Carrier Lifetimes Measured by Photoconductive Decay and ac Photovoltaic Method
Authors: Honma Noriaki , Munakata Chusuke , Shimizu Hirofumi
Published: February 2005

Minority carrier lifetimes measured by both ac photovoltaic and photoconductive decay methods are compared. The calculated results indicate that the maximum measurable lifetime for the ac photovoltaic method is about 7 times larger than that for the photoconductive decay method when surface recombination velocity is assumed to be infinite. The lifetimes for both p-type and n-type silicon rectangular samples measured by the ac photovoltaic method are in good agreement with the lifetimes ranging from 90 µs to 1 ms measured by the photoconductive decay method standardized by the Japanese Industrial Standard Committee. However, lifetimes measured by a noncontact photoconductive decay method using microwaves are far shorter than those measured by the above two methods.
Solution Growth of ZnTe Crystals by a Temperature Difference Method under Controlled Vapor Pressure
Authors: Maruyama Tsuyoshi , Kanba Takahiro , Okuno Yasuo
Published: February 2005

Vapor-pressure dependence of the optical and electrical properties of a ZnTe crystal grown by a temperature difference method under controlled Zn pressure was investigated. The deep-level emission in the cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum was reduced by the application of a certain Zn pressure, and the resistivity of crystal reached a minimum at almost the same Zn pressure. The CL spectrum showed only a single peak at a near band edge without any deep-level emission in the crystal grown at an optimum Zn pressure.
Field-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Cd1-xZnxSe Films
Authors: Sharma K. C. , Garg J. C.
Published: February 2005

Cadmium-zinc-selenide films were prepared by solution growth technique. The temperature dependence of conductivity for films of different composition was measured. The J-V characteristics of the In-Cd1-x
Zn
x
Se-In systems studied showed a space charge limited conduction indicating a J∝V
2/d
3 dependence. The trap density and the trap energy level were determined.
Precise Measurement of Saturated Absorption Spectral Width of Methane
Authors: Akimoto Yoshiaki
Published: February 2005

In order to measure the saturated absorption spectral width of methane, a high-resolution laser spectrometer was developed by means of a phaselock technique. The accuracy of the offset frequency and the frequency fluctuation was estimated to be about 22 Hz and 35τ-1Hz, respectively. In addition, an integral and a proportional-derivative(I-PD) control method was applied to the frequency scanning laser system and its response time was improved in comparison with an integral-proportional (IP) control method. The saturated absorption spectral broadening was measured as a function of laser output power P in µW and methane pressure p in mTorr. The spectral width of the saturated absorption of methane was expressed by

Γ(p,P) = 150.36 + 15.60 · p + 1.625 · P [kHz].

Furthermore, its residual spectral width was analyzed for the geometrical and transit time broadening, and the saturation broadening and wave front effect were also discussed.
Calculation of Diamagnetic Current in a Quadrupole Minimum B Mirror Field
Authors: Katanuma Isao , Kiwamoto Yasuhito , Saito Teruo , Yamaguchi Naohiro , Miyoshi Syoichi
Published: February 2005

An analytical expression of the diamagnetic current in a quadrupole minimum B mirror field is derived in the flux coordinates using a paraxial approximation. For various plasma pressure profiles, a diamagnetic flux is calculated which goes through racetrack- and baseball-shaped diamagnetic coils installed in the anchor cell of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror.
Misfit Dislocation Structures at MBE-Grown Si1-xGex/Si Interfaces
Authors: Fukuda Yukio , Kohama Yoshitaka , Seki Masahiro , Ohmachi Yoshiro
Published: February 2005

Misfit dislocation structures introduced at Si1-x
Ge
x
/Si (001) Interfaces were studied using transmission electron microscopy to understand the relaxation mechanism of lattice misfit in this material system. Misfit dislocations observed at the interfaces for x≤0.5 are inclined 60° dislocations introduced by glide processes. The density of the misfit dislocations increases with mole fraction or thickness of the Si1-x
Ge
x
as a result of the Hagen-Strunk multiplication mechanism. The threading dislocations contained in the epilayers originate in transition dislocation segments appearing during the multiplication processes. In contrast with these results, the misfit dislocations observed at the Ge/Si interface are the 90° -type introduced by climb processes. The misfit dislocations were regularly distributed with an average spacing of ∼100Å, which is sufficient to relax the 4.2% misfit. Thus, the relaxation mechanism of the misfit strain in the Si1-x
Ge
x
/Si system changes depending on the lattice misfit.
Step Structure of Dislocation Boundaries in White Tin Single Crystals. Part II. Calculations
Authors: Honda Katuhiko
Published: February 2005

For boundaries observed in Part I, two types of dislocation model, each consisting of an infinite, periodic array of tread ([100](010)) and step ((1/2)<111>{11̄0}) dislocations, are presented: one type has two kinds of step dislocations belonging to different slip systems, while the other has only one kind of step dislocation belonging to the same slip system. Based on these models, the stable arrangement of the tread dislocations is calculated by taking elastic anisotropy into account. The result shows that the former type is in good agreement with observations. The stress field around a boundary in a tetragonal crystal is deduced from a general theory and summarized in the Appendix.
Migration-Enhanced Epitaxy of GaAs and AlGaAs
Authors: Horikoshi Yoshiji , Kawashima Minoru , Yamaguchi Hiroshi
Published: February 2005

Surface migration is effectively enhanced by evaporating Ga or Al atoms onto a clean GaAs surface under an As-free or low As pressure atmosphere. This characteristic was utilized by alternately supplying Ga and/or Al and AS4
to the substrate surface for growing atomically-flat GaAs-AlGaAs heterointerfaces, and also for growing high-quality GaAs and AlGaAs layers at very low substrate temperatures. The migration characteristics of surface adatoms have been investigated through reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements. It was found that different growth mechanisms are operative in this method at both high and low temperatures. Both these mechanisms are expected to yield flat heterojunction interfaces. By applying this method, GaAs layers and GaAs-AlGaAs single quantum-well structures with excellent photoluminescence were grown at substrate temperatures of 200 and 300degC, respectively.
Diffusion of Electrically-Active Cobalt in Silicon
Authors: Hashimoto Kouji , Nakashima Hiroshi , Hashimoto Kimio
Published: February 2005

The annealing of supersaturated cobalt in silicon was studied by measuring the cobalt concentration as a function of the annealing time. The diffusion of electrically-active cobalt in silicon is governed by the interstitial cobalt concentration.
Observation of Langmuir-Blodgett Films by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Mizutani Wataru , Shigeno Masatsugu , Saito Kazuhiro , Watanabe Kazutoshi , Sugi Michio , Ono Masatoshi , Kajimura Koji
Published: February 2005

Langmuir-Blodgett films of cadmium-arachidate have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Substrates of gold and graphite are used to make mono- and bilayer films. The image of the individual molecule cannot be obtained for the films on gold, but the data indicate disturbances on the tunneling current caused by the films. As for the films on graphite, the molecular images with a spacing of 0.4–0.7 nm are recognized in some frames of the variable tunneling current image recorded on videotape. Possible mechanisms of the imaging are discussed.
Recording Characteristics of Electroless-Plated CoNiReP Films with an In-Plane Anisotropic Initial Layer
Authors: Matsubara Hiroshi , Mizutani Hirokazu , Mitamura Satoshi , Osaka Tetsuya
Published: February 2005

Two kinds of electroless-plated CoNiReP media were fabricated using the underlayers of electroless-plated NiP and NiMoP films. Namely, the perpendicular anisotropic CoNiReP film with an in-plane anisotropic initial layer (Hc(//)=50 Oe) plated onto the almost nonmagnetic electroless NiMoP underlayer and the perpendicular anisotropic CoNiReP film plated onto the nonmagnetic NiP underlayer. These media were evaluated as flexible disks combined with a Sendust ring head. A high reproduced voltage was obtained in the CoNiReP/NiMoP double layer media compared to that in the CoNiReP/NiP double layer media. Also, recording up to a very high density of 300 kFRPI was achieved. Thus, the medium with a quasi-soft magnetic in-plane anisotropic initial layer is suggested to be preferred to the higher density recording media combined with a ring head.
Conduction Band-Tail Estimated from the Temperature Dependence of X1–X3 Threshold Energy in Heavily-Doped n-GaP
Authors: Endo Tamio , Okino Yasushi , Itoh Nobuhiko , Kudo Hiroyuki , Sugiyama Koichi
Published: February 2005

Temperature dependences of the threshold energy, δ, between the X1-band with effective mass m
1
* and the X3-band with m
2
*, and the ratio m
2
*/m
1
* were obtained for the donor(Te)-doped GaP with a concentration of N
D=1.8∼60×1017 cm-3, from the X1–X3 absorption bands measured at various temperatures T and the theoretical curve fittings. δ increases smoothly with decreasing T for 135<T<300K for the lightly-doped sample, whereas δ shows anomalous increase below about 190K for the heavily-doped samples. This anomaly is explained by the electrons falling deep into the band-tail. It can be confirmed by the calculations of electron energy distributions in the parabolic part and band-tail of the conduction band using a density-of-states model. The calculations give the average depth of the band-tail as 11 meV for N
D=20.9×1017 cm-3.
Defects with Deep Levels in GaAs Induced by Plastic Deformation and Electron Irradiation
Authors: Haga Toru , Suezawa Masashi , Sumino Koji
Published: February 2005

Defects with deep electronic energy levels induced by plastic deformation at 450degC or electron irradiation at room temperature in boat-grown GaAs crystals are investigated by means of optical absorption. The optical absorption spectra associated with the induced defects are compared with that of grown-in defects EL2. Thermal stabilities of the defects are studied by tracing the changes in the absorption spectra due to isochronal annealing of the specimens. The defects induced by the above two procedures are identified not to be EL2, even though some part of the defects gives rise to absorption similar to that caused by EL2 in the spectral shape. The absorptions in both the deformed and the irradiated samples are mostly photo-unquenchable. Deformation-induced defects responsible for this absorption are found to be AsGaantisite-related defects which are less thermally stable than EL2. Irradiation-induced defects giving rise to this kind of absorption are far more unstable in comparison with the deformation-induced defects, and are mostly eliminated by annealing at temperatures lower than 300degC.
ICRF Heating Analysis on ASDEX Plasmas
Authors: Ito Sanae-I. , Itoh Kimitaka , Fukuyama Atsushi , Morishita Takayuki , Steinmetz Karl , Noterdaeme Jean-M.
Published: February 2005

ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) waves heating in an ASDEX tokamak are analyzed. The excitation, propagation and absorption are studied by using a global wave code. This analysis is combined with a Fokker-Planck code. The waveform in the plasma, the loading resistance and the reactance of the antenna are calculated for both the minority ion heating and the second harmonlc resonance heating. Attention is given to the change of the antenna loading associated with the L/H transition. Optimum conditions for the loading are discussed. In the minority heating case, the tail generation and thermalization are analyzed. Spatial profiles of the tail-ion temperature and the power transferred to the bulk electrons and ions are obtained. Central as well as off-central heating cases are investigated. The effect of the reactive electric field is discussed in connection with rf losses and impurity production.
Negative Ion-Sensitive Probe
Authors: Amemiya Hiroshi
Published: February 2005

A method for obtaining negative ion density and temperature is developed. A probe is biased positively against the space potential to reject positive ions. An orifice is provided in the probe surface to pass only negatively charged particles. A magnetic field behind the probe deflects electrons so that negative ions reach a collector preferentially. Current-voltage characteristics of the collector are calculated, which enables not only the design of the probe but also the accurate date analysis.
X-Ray K-Edge Subtraction Television System
Authors: Suwa Akio , Fukagawa Hiroshi , Suzuki Kiwamu , Hasegawa Shin , Ando Masami , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Akisada Masayoshi , Nishimura Katsuyuki , Konishi Keisuke , Toyofuku Fukae , Takenaka Eiichi
Published: February 2005

An X-ray K-edge subtraction television system utilizing synchrotron radiation is investigated. The phantom is irradiated by two monochromatized X-ray beams closely bracketing the K-absorption edge of iodine (33.17 keV) alternately, by means of a vibrating single crystal monochromator combined with a white synchrotron X-ray beam. The subtraction of the successive two images produced by these beams results in images that enhance signals arising from attenuation by iodine and suppresses signals by other materials.
The prototype system is fully implemented using two kinds of real time image processing subsystems. The results are compared with those obtained by the conventional (nonreal time) processing system.
Improvement of Equipment for In Situ Measurements of Absorption Spectra from LNT to 800degC
Authors: Asada Hiroshi , Nakatao Tetsuro
Published: February 2005

For the automatic in situ measurement of absorption spectra while employing a heat treatment, a cryostat and a spectrometer were improved so as to perform measurements over the wide temperature range of LNT-800degC. The experiment has confirmed the advantage of the present system for in situ measurements; a very intense absorption band in a KCl:Pb2+ crystal, for example, can be obtained under various heat treatments.