bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral and Radar Airborne Imagery over Controlled Release of Oil at Sea
Authors: Angelliaume Sébastien , Ceamanos Xavier , Viallefont-Robinet Françoise , Baqué Rémi , Déliot Philippe , Miegebielle Véronique
Published: August 2017

Remote sensing techniques are commonly used by Oil and Gas companies to monitor hydrocarbon on the ocean surface. The interest lies not only in exploration but also in the monitoring of the maritime environment. Occurrence of natural seeps on the sea surface is a key indicator of the presence of mature source rock in the subsurface. These natural seeps, as well as the oil slicks, are commonly detected using radar sensors but the addition of optical imagery can deliver extra information such as thickness and composition of the detected oil, which is critical for both exploration purposes and efficient cleanup operations. Today, state-of-the-art approaches combine multiple data collected by optical and radar sensors embedded on-board different airborne and spaceborne platforms, to ensure wide spatial coverage and high frequency revisit time. Multi-wavelength imaging system may create a breakthrough in remote sensing applications, but it requires adapted processing techniques that need to be developed. To explore performances offered by multi-wavelength radar and optical sensors for oil slick monitoring, remote sensing data have been collected by SETHI (Système Expérimental de Télédection Hyperfréquence Imageur), the airborne system developed by ONERA (the French Aerospace Lab), during an oil spill cleanup exercise carried out in 2015 in the North Sea, Europe. The uniqueness of this dataset lies in its high spatial resolution, low noise level and quasi-simultaneous acquisitions of different part of the EM spectrum. Specific processing techniques have been developed to extract meaningful information associated with oil-covered sea surface. Analysis of this unique and rich dataset demonstrates that remote sensing imagery, collected in both optical and microwave domains, allows estimating slick surface properties such as the age of the emulsion released at sea, the spatial abundance of oil and the relative concentration of hydrocarbons remaining on the sea surface.
Parametric Optimization of Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors for Flexible Image Sensors
Authors: Kim Min Seok , Lee Gil Ju , Kim Hyun Myung , Song Young Min
Published: August 2017

Curved image sensors, which are a key component in bio-inspired imaging systems, have been widely studied because they can improve an imaging system in various aspects such as low optical aberrations, small-form, and simple optics configuration. Many methods and materials to realize a curvilinear imager have been proposed to address the drawbacks of conventional imaging/optical systems. However, there have been few theoretical studies in terms of electronics on the use of a lateral photodetector as a flexible image sensor. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of a Si-based lateral phototransistor as the pixel of a high-efficiency curved photodetector by conducting various electrical simulations with technology computer aided design (TCAD). The single phototransistor is analyzed with different device parameters: the thickness of the active cell, doping concentration, and structure geometry. This work presents a method to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE), linear dynamic range (LDR), and mechanical stability of the phototransistor. We also evaluated the dark current in a matrix form of phototransistors to estimate the feasibility of the device as a flexible image sensor. Moreover, we fabricated and demonstrated an array of phototransistors based on our study. The theoretical study and design guidelines of a lateral phototransistor create new opportunities in flexible image sensors.
Assessing Trust and Effectiveness in Virtual Teams: Latent Growth Curve and Latent Change Score Models
Authors: Coovert Michael , Miller Evgeniya , Jr. Winston
Published: August 2017

Trust plays a central role in the effectiveness of work groups and teams. This is the case for both face-to-face and virtual teams. Yet little is known about the development of trust in virtual teams. We examined cognitive and affective trust and their relationship to team effectiveness as reflected through satisfaction with one’s team and task performance. Latent growth curve analysis reveals both trust types start at a significant level with individual differences in that initial level. Cognitive trust follows a linear growth pattern while affective trust is overall non-linear, but becomes linear once established. Latent change score models are utilized to examine change in trust and also its relationship with satisfaction with the team and team performance. In examining only change in trust and its relationship to satisfaction there appears to be a straightforward influence of trust on satisfaction and satisfaction on trust. However, when incorporated into a bivariate coupling latent change model the dynamics of the relationship are revealed. A similar pattern holds for trust and task performance; however, in the bivariate coupling change model a more parsimonious representation is preferred.
A Study on China’s Urban Electricity Productivity Convergence with Spatial Smooth Transition Effect
Authors: Luo Ming , Fan Ruguo , Zhang Yingqing
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzes the absolute convergence of urban electricity productivity in China during 1990–2011, applying Spatial Error Smooth Transition Auto-regression Model, and examines the spatial effect in convergence process. Then it analyzes the stage characteristics of electricity productivity convergence during the process of electricity market reformation and the conditional convergence which is affected by the urban economy. According to the results of our research, there exists significant absolute convergence of urban electricity productivity in China, and the spatial effect, especially spatial smooth transition effect, significantly enhance the convergence of urban electricity productivity. Since the electricity market reformation in 2002, significant stage characteristics exist in convergence of urban electricity productivity. The convergence rate of electricity productivity before 2002 is obviously lower than the one during the whole sample period, also the one after 2002 and the spatial nonlinear effect strengthens during the later period with marketization in electricity market and stricter regulation on energy conservation. The urban economy also affects the convergence of urban electricity productivity, while it does not promote the convergence rate because the high proportion of electricity-intensive industry in cities of western and northeastern region. At the conclusion of our paper, we put forward policy suggestions with the objective of narrowing the gap of urban electricity productivity and realizing sustainable urban development.
High-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging of polymers: an adaptive multiloop-mode approach
Authors: Ren Juan , Zou Qingze
Published: August 2017

Adaptive multiloop-mode (AMLM) imaging to substantially increase (over an order of magnitude) the speed of tapping-mode (TM) imaging is tested and evaluated through imaging three largely different heterogeneous polymer samples in experiments. It has been demonstrated that AMLM imaging, through the combination of a suite of advanced control techniques, is promising to achieve high-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging. The performance, usability, and robustness of the AMLM in various imaging applications, however, is yet to be assessed. In this work, three benchmark polymer samples, including a PS–LDPE sample, an SBS sample, and a Celgard sample, differing in feature size and stiffness of two orders of magnitude, are imaged using the AMLM technique at high-speeds of 25 Hz and 20 Hz, respectively. The comparison of the images obtained to those obtained by using TM imaging at scan rates of 1 Hz and 2 Hz showed that the quality of the 25 Hz and 20 Hz AMLM imaging is at the same level of that of the 1 Hz TM imaging, while the tip–sample interaction force is substantially smaller than that of the 2 Hz TM imaging.
Sonority-Driven Stress does not Exist
Authors: Shih Shu-hao
Published: August 2017

This paper presents new acoustic evidence against sonority-driven stress in Gujarati. Gujarati has been the subject of more stress descriptions than any other sonority-driven stress case, and is one of the very few where stress is reported to be sensitive to multiple sonority levels. However, all these impressionistic descriptions of Gujarati stress disagree with each other in significant ways. In contrast, this paper presents the results of a production experiment. Acoustic measurements show that [a] does not attract stress away from the default position; instead, stress consistently falls on the penultimate syllable. If such a well-described case as Gujarati does not have sonority-driven stress, it is possible that none of the other cases do either, challenging Kenstowicz (1997)'s and de Lacy (2002 et seq.)'s theories that metrical structure can be sensitive to sonority. If so, the lack of such stress systems presents a challenge to the phonological property of symmetric effect found in a number of theories.
Perceptually Based Constraints and Metathesis: Evidence from Artificial Grammar
Authors: Finley Sara
Published: August 2017

The present paper explores the role of sonority and other perceptual constraints in governing syllable structure constraints. One of the most important issues in phonology today is the formalization of the phonetic grounding of markedness constraints (Hayes and Steriade 2004). Sonority constraints have been particularly controversial because there is no formalized definition of sonority, but rather several different contributing factors, such as intensity, constriction and formant transitions, that all vary depending on context (Henke, Kaisse, and Wright 2012; Wright 2004). This paper makes use of an artificial grammar learning paradigm, whereby adult English speakers were exposed to a consonant-consonant metathesis pattern that either improved sonority at a syllable boundary, or worsened sonority at a syllable boundary. Learners did not show generalization in line with sonority-based syllable contact laws, but instead showed generalization in accordance with avoidance of a voiced obstruent in coda position, thus supporting a theory of sonority and syllable contact that makes use of the interaction of perceptual cues, rather than a strict, abstract sonority hierarchy.
Tongue Retraction in Arabic: An Ultrasound Study
Authors: Altairi Hamed , Brown Jason , Watson Catherine , Gick Bryan
Published: August 2017

A common analysis for Arabic emphatics and pharyngeals posits that their commonalities are due to the shared feature [RTR].  This, however, does not account for some phonological processes, and does not reflect their phonetic representation. This study provides ultrasound evidence that emphatics and pharyngeals do not exhibit a similar retraction of the tongue.  Results indicate that while tongue retraction for the emphatics is characterized with simultaneous tongue dorsum and root retraction, the pharyngeals lower the tongue dorsum. Unlike the pharyngeals, the tongue root retraction of the emphatics and uvulars is always posterior to the tongue root position of the inter-speech posture. Such a consistent and significant displacement confirms that [RTR] is an active feature for the emphatics and uvulars. This is also evident from the retraction of following low vowels triggered by the emphatics and uvulars. These phonetic findings suggest that the pharyngeals and emphatics have different phonological representations.
Aspiration 'dissimilation' in Tangkhul Naga prefixation
Authors: Gopal Deepthi
Published: August 2017

In Tangkhul Naga, obstruent-initial prefixes are strictly unaspirated if followed by any stem-initial obstruent, and aspirated before stem-initial sonorants (Arokianathan 1987, Mortensen 2003, Shosted 2007). I argue that this pattern is best modeled as the interaction of apparently contradictory penalties on both agreement and disagreement, and that this may be problematic for theoretical approaches in which assimilation and dissimilation do not arise independently, but instead are driven by the same mechanism.
Harmony Triggering as a Contrastive Property of Segments
Authors: Smith Caitlin
Published: August 2017

In some languages, segments bearing a potential harmonizing feature trigger harmony while other segments bearing that feature do not. This paper examines such a case in Classical Manchu tongue root harmony, in which some advanced tongue root (ATR) vowels idiosyncratically trigger a process of ATR harmony while others do not. I propose that this pattern and others like it are best accounted for by an analysis in which a segment’s status as a trigger of harmony is encoded within its subsegmental representation, and a phonological grammar shapes a language’s inventory to include both harmony-triggering and non-triggering segments. This analysis is implemented within the Gestural Harmony Model, in which the assumed units of phonological representation are dynamically-defined gestures.
Severe Infection in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Mohammad Aladdin J. , Segelmark Mårten , Smith Rona , Englund Martin , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Westman Kerstin , Merkel Peter A. , Jayne David R.W.
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To compare the rate of severe infections after the onset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) with the rate in the background population, and to identify predictors of severe infections among patients with AAV.

Methods.

The study cohort was 186 patients with AAV diagnosed from 1998 to 2010, consisting of all known cases in a defined population in southern Sweden. For each patient, 4 age-and sex-matched reference subjects were randomly chosen from the background population. Using the Skåne Healthcare Register, all International Classification of Diseases codes of infections assigned from 1998 to 2011 were identified. Severe infections were defined as infectious episodes requiring hospitalization. Rate ratios were calculated by dividing the rate in AAV by the rate among the reference subjects.

Results.

The rate ratio for all severe infections was 4.53 (95% CI 3.39–6.00). The highest rate ratios were found for upper respiratory tract: 8.88 (3.54–25.9), Clostridium difficile: 5.35 (1.54–23.8), nonspecific septicemia 4.55 (1.60–13.8), and skin 5.35 (1.69–19.8). Of the severe infections, 38.4% occurred within 6 months of diagnosis, 30.2% from 7–24 months, and 31.4% after 24 months. High serum creatinine and older age at diagnosis were associated with severe infection (p < 0.001). Of those with severe infection, 46.5% died during followup compared to 26% of patients without severe infection (p = 0.004).

Conclusion.

Patients with AAV have markedly higher rates of severe infection compared with the background population, especially patients with older age and impaired renal function. The risk of severe infection is particularly high in the first 6 months following the diagnosis of vasculitis.
Malignancy in Pediatric-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bernatsky Sasha , Clarke Ann E. , Zahedi Niaki Omid , Labrecque Jeremy , Schanberg Laura E. , Silverman Earl D. , Hayward Kristen , Imundo Lisa , Brunner Hermine I. , Haines Kathleen A. , Cron Randy Q. , Oen Kiem , Wagner-Weiner Linda , Rosenberg Alan M. , O’Neil Kathleen M. , Duffy Ciarán M. , von Scheven Emily , Joseph Lawrence , Lee Jennifer L. , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To determine cancer incidence in a large pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) population.

Methods.

Data were examined from 12 pediatric SLE registries in North America. Patients were linked to their regional cancer registries to detect cancers observed after cohort entry, defined as date first seen in the clinic. The expected number of malignancies was obtained by multiplying the person-years in the cohort (defined from cohort entry to end of followup) by the geographically matched age-, sex-, and calendar year–specific cancer rates. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR; ratio of cancers observed to expected) was generated, with 95% CI.

Results.

A total of 1168 patients were identified from the registries. The mean age at cohort entry was 13 years (SD 3.3), and 83.7% of the subjects were female. The mean duration of followup was 7.6 years, resulting in a total observation period of 8839 years spanning the calendar period 1974–2009. During followup, fourteen invasive cancers occurred (1.6 cancers per 1000 person-yrs, SIR 4.13, 95% CI 2.26–6.93). Three of these were hematologic (all lymphomas), resulting in an SIR for hematologic cancers of 4.68 (95% CI 0.96–13.67). SIR were increased for both male and female patients, and across age groups.

Conclusion.

Although cancer remains a relatively rare outcome in pediatric-onset SLE, our data do suggest an increase in cancer for patients followed an average of 7.6 years. About one-fifth of the cancers were hematologic. Longer followup, and study of drug effects and disease activity, is warranted.
Ultrasound Characteristics of the Achilles Tendon in Tophaceous Gout: A Comparison with Age- and Sex-matched Controls
Authors: Carroll Matthew , Dalbeth Nicola , Allen Bruce , Stewart Sarah , House Tony , Boocock Mark , Frampton Christopher , Rome Keith
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To investigate the frequency and distribution of characteristics of the Achilles tendon (AT) in people with tophaceous gout using musculoskeletal ultrasound (US).

Methods.

Twenty-four participants with tophaceous gout and 24 age- and sex-matched controls without gout or other arthritis were recruited. All participants underwent a greyscale and power Doppler US examination. The AT was divided into 3 anatomical zones (insertion, pre-insertional, and proximal to the mid-section). The following US characteristics were assessed: tophus, tendon echogenicity, tendon vascularity, tendon morphology, entheseal characteristics, bursal morphology, and calcaneal bone profile.

Results.

The majority of the participants with tophaceous gout were middle-aged men (n = 22, 92%) predominately of European ethnicity (n = 14, 58%). Tophus deposition was observed in 73% (n = 35) of tendons in those with gout and in none of the controls (p < 0.01). Intratendinous hyperechoic spots (p < 0.01) and intratendinous power Doppler signal (p < 0.01) were more frequent in participants with gout compared to controls. High prevalence of entheseal calcifications, calcaneal bone cortex irregularities, and calcaneal enthesophytes were observed in both gout participants and controls, without differences between groups. Intratendinous structural damage was rare. Hyperechoic spots were significantly more common at the insertion compared to the zone proximal to the mid-section (p < 0.01), but between-zone differences were not observed for other features.

Conclusion.

US features of urate deposition, tophus, and vascularization are present throughout the AT in patients with tophaceous gout. Despite crystal deposition, intratendinous structural changes are infrequent. Many characteristics observed in the AT in people with tophaceous gout, particularly at the calcaneal enthesis, are not disease-specific.
Management of Gout in a Hospital Setting: A Lost Opportunity
Authors: Wright Sarah , Chapman Peter T. , Frampton Christopher , O’Donnell John L. , Raja Rafi , Stamp Lisa K.
Published: August 2017

Objective.

Management of gout is frequently suboptimal. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients presenting to Christchurch Hospital for a gout flare and to determine whether management for both acute flares and urate lowering was in accordance with international recommendations.

Methods.

A retrospective audit was undertaken of all admissions to Christchurch Hospital from June 1, 2013, to May 31, 2014, in which gout was coded as a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis. Information including demographics, comorbidities, concomitant medications, treatment of acute gout, and urate lowering was collected.

Results.

A total of 235 acute admissions for gout in 216 individuals were identified. Eleven individuals had 2 admissions and 4 individuals had 3 admissions. In 95/235 admissions (40.4%), gout was the primary diagnosis. Gout accounted for 95/77,321 (0.12%) of acute admissions. The treatment of acute gout was prednisone monotherapy in 170/235 (72.3%) of admissions. Serum urate was measured at some point during 123/235 (52.3%) of admissions, with only 19/123 (15.4%) at target urate level (< 0.36 mmol/l). At 60 of the 235 admissions, urate-lowering therapy was already being prescribed. Nine out of 175 patients (5.1%) not treated with urate-lowering therapy at admission commenced allopurinol and 32/174 (18.4%) had commencement of urate-lowering therapy recommended in the discharge plan.

Conclusion.

Rates of admission for gout are similar to that observed in other studies. Failure to initiate, change, or recommend alterations in urate-lowering therapy to achieve target urate in people with gout admitted to hospital represents a significant lost opportunity to improve longterm gout management.
La « vision des inclus »
Authors: Lansade Godefroy
Published: August 2017

Cet article rend compte d’une thèse en anthropologie qui vise à comprendre l’expérience scolaire de vingt-quatre adolescents et jeunes adultes scolarisés au sein d’un dispositif ulis d’un lycée d’enseignement professionnel. De leurs points de vue, le cadre de la démarche ethnographique permet d’accéder au sens qu’ils donnent à leurs expériences ordinaires de lycéens « inclus » dans et à travers le dispositif auquel ils sont rattachés. L’analyse du rapport que ces jeunes entretiennent avec l’institution scolaire, la manière dont ils s’y adaptent ou s’y opposent, leurs choix, leurs projets, leurs rapports à soi et à autrui montrent qu’ils questionnent les discours et les pratiques dont ils sont l’objet et s’interrogent sur leur existence de lycéen en général..
Time delay of radiation from pulsar in a binary system that moves in field of Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Komarov Stanislav , Gorbatsievich Alexander , Tarasenko Alexander
Published: August 2017

A compact binary star that moves in a strong external gravitational field of a Schwarzschild black hole is considered. Decomposition of the redshift into a series with respect to the size of the binary system is obtained. This expression is used to calculate the redshift for a model binary system. Possible application of the results is discussed.
Optical response of composite plasmonic structures
Authors: Mitetelo Nikolai V. , Svyakhovskiy Sergei E. , Gartman Alexandra D. , Tepanov Alexander A. , Maydykovskiy Anton I.
Published: August 2017

Here we demonstrate the composition of a 3D porous quartz matrix infiltrated by silver nanoparticles as a possible application for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) investigations. Various types of infiltration techniques applied for the incorporation of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles inside the pores are considered. We observe an enhancement of the second harmonic generation intensity, two-photon luminescence and nonlinear absorption in the composite metal–dielectric structures in the spectral vicinity of the localized surface plasmon resonance in silver nanoparticles, which confirms the related amplification of the local field effects in these 3D composite structures.
The deep search of knowledge: George Chapman's glosses in The Shadow of Night (1594)
Authors: Silvares Lavinia
Published: August 2017

This paper addresses the glosses of the first edition of George Chapman's philosophical elegy, The Shadow of Night (1594), as a specific and common practice of prescriptive work, produced by Renaissance authors following the ancient tradition of the auctoris interpretatio. Assuming the gloss as an exposition and scrutiny of the places of poetic invention and elocution, Chapman puts himself in the position of both annotator and authorizer of his text, defining a particular legibility for the poem within the learned circles of the English court of Shakespeare’s time. Considering the view of the glossarial practice as an emulation of the ancient scholium work of ‘exposing the difficulties’ of a literary text and thus legitimizing it as fit to enter the proper tradition, this paper discusses, 1. the implications of Chapman's glosses for the poem's immediate reception; 2. the importance of authorized role models (Servius, Macrobius, Cornutus) for the glossarial practice; and 3. the idea that a text does not possess a congenital clearness of its own, but can only be understood through the continuous process of a specific glossarial assessment.
Ilustração na literatura infantil
Authors: Pascolati Sonia
Published: August 2017

Desde as origens da literatura para crianças, a imagem desempenha importante papel na construção dos sentidos desse tipo de texto literário, porém, sua participação no livro infantil vai desde o de mera coadjuvante até a primazia em relação à palavra escrita. Em sintonia com o crescimento da produção editorial de livros ilustrados e livros de imagem, sua presença em sala de aula e de reflexões teórico-críticas acerca de sua contribuição para a leitura literária, desenvolvo aqui algumas ideias sobre diferentes papéis desempenhados pela ilustração na literatura infantil. Para tanto, analiso algumas obras nas quais as imagens têm papel preponderante na progressão narrativa, construção de personagens e revelação da perspectiva infantil sobre o mundo.
Editorial
Authors: Flory Alexandre Villibor
Published: August 2017

Editorial, Volume 39(3) de 2017
Bioactive compounds from brewer’s spent grain: phenolic compounds, fatty acids and in vitro antioxidant capacity
Authors: Almeida Aline Da Rosa , Geraldo Márcia Regina Ferreira , Ribeiro Leomara Floriano , Silva Marcos Vieira , Maciel Matheus Vinicius De Oliveira Brisola , Haminiuk Charles Windson Isidoro
Published: August 2017

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) was characterized by physicochemical, total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by four different assays. The chromatographic analyses were used to quantify the phenolic compounds and the fatty acids in BSG. Ethanolic extracts were tested to evaluate antibacterial activity. The higher concentration of total phenolic compounds for BSG was obtained in the extraction with ethanol 20%. BSG showed an antioxidant potential for all tests evaluated. In the case of chromatographic analysis, phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as syringic acid and catechin, respectively, were detected in high quantities. Regarding to the fatty acids profile, polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids, were found in significant amounts. No antibacterial activity was reported for bacterial cultures and concentrations tested. BSG may be considered a protein source, rich in fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential.
Concentrations and enrichment of metals in sediment cores: geochemistry and correlations with geoaccumulation index
Authors: Fernandes Felippe , Poleto Cristiano
Published: August 2017

The Mãe d’Água dam was built in 1962 to supply the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul’s water demanding. Thus, the paper aims to measure Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations in many depths of the dam’s bottom, sampling cores of sediments silted in it. The samplings were carried out in June, 2014, and it was sampled four sediment cores in pre-defined points of the dam. The methodology for extraction of sediment cores was ‘Piston Core’. Sediment particles smaller than 63 μm were separated and used for chemical analysis. EPA 3050 acid digestion methodology is used by the U.S. Environment Protection Agency and it was also used in this study. Analyses were carried out in duplicate and two USGS reference materials were used for quality control: SGR-1b and SCO-1. Zn and Ni concentrations were over than local background values and increasing concentrations of the deepest sendiments to the most recent layers as a result of urbanization activities. Geoaccumulation index was able to characterize decreasing of metal concentrations in depth.
Till geochemical data for the southern Core Zone, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador (NTS 23-P and 23-I): samples collected in 2015 and 2016
Authors: Rice J M , McClenaghan M B , Paulen R
C , Pyne M D , Ross M A
Published: August 2017

This open file reports geochemical data for till samples collected in 2015 and 2016 as part of a reconnaissance-scale till sampling and surficial mapping project across the southern Core Zone, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador (NTS map sheets 23-I and 23-P).
Additional geochemical data (Au, Pt, Pd) of till samples collected in 2014 are also reported here as well as re-analysis of select archived till samples collected by the Geological Survey of Canada as part of the Canada - Newfoundland Mineral Development Agreement (1984-1989) in the southern Core
Zone. Data reported in this open file include geochemical analyses of the <0.063 mm fraction using aqua regia (partial), borate fusion (total), and fire assay (total Au, Pt, Pd), as well munsell colour, grain-size data, loss on ignition, and total carbon analyses.
One Year Primary Patency of Infrapopliteal Angioplasty Using Drug- Eluting Balloons: Single Center Experience at King Hussein Medical Center
Authors: Haddad Sizeph Edward , Shishani Jan Mohammad , Qtaish Izzeddin , Rawashdeh Mohammad Abdelmajeed , Qtaishat Belal Saleh
Published: August 2017

Objective:

Conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for long lesions in the below-the-knee (BTK) arteries in patients presenting with critical limb ischemia (CLI) has high restenosis rates at 1 year. Our goal is to evaluate whether paclitaxel drug-eluting balloons (DEB) have higher 1 year primary patency rates compared to conventional PTA.

Methods:

This is a single-center, prospective, randomized trial that was conducted from June 2013 to December 2015. The aim of the study was to compare 1 year primary patency rates of DEB and PTA in BTK arteries in CLI patients. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with CLI (Rutherford class 4 or greater), stenosis or occlusion ≥30 mm of at least one tibial artery, and agreement to 12-month evaluation. Exclusion criteria were life expectancy <1 year, allergy to paclitaxel, and contraindication to combined antiplatelet treatment. Follow-up was performed by clinical assessment, ankle brachial pressure index, Doppler ultrasound imaging, and conventional angiogram if indicated. Primary end point was 1 year primary patency, and secondary end points were target lesion revascularization (TLR) and major amputation. Statistical analysis was performed using Fischer's exact test.

Results:

Ninety-three patients with 106 lesions in the BTK arteries were enrolled in this study. One year primary patency was achieved in 26 (65%) and seven (17%) in the DEB and PTA groups (P = 0.006), respectively. TLR was performed in nine lesions (23%) and 29 lesions (71%) in DEB and PTA groups (P = 0.009), respectively. Major amputations occurred in one limb (2%) and two limbs (4%) in DEB and PTA groups (P = 0.6), respectively.

Conclusion:

Paclitaxel DEB has significantly higher 1 year primary patency rate associated with significantly less TLR than conventional PTA, following endovascular recanalization of BTK arteries in patients presenting with CLI.
Comparison of EHR-based diagnosis documentation locations to a gold standard for risk stratification in patients with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Martin Shelby , Wagner Jesse , Lupulescu-Mann Nicoleta , Ramsey Katrina , Cohen Aaron A. , Graven Peter , Weiskopf Nicole G. , Dorr David A.
Published: August 2017

Objective: To measure variation among four different Electronic Health Record (EHR) system documentation locations versus ‘gold standard’ manual chart review for risk stratification in patients with multiple chronic illnesses.

Methods: Adults seen in primary care with EHR evidence of at least one of 13 conditions were included. EHRs were manually reviewed to determine presence of active diagnoses, and risk scores were calculated using three different methodologies and five EHR documentation locations. Claims data were used to assess cost and utilization for the following year. Descriptive and diagnostic statistics were calculated for each EHR location. Criterion validity testing compared the gold standard verified diagnoses versus other EHR locations and risk scores in predicting future cost and utilization.

Results: Nine hundred patients had 2,179 probable diagnoses. About 70% of the diagnoses from the EHR were verified by gold standard. For a subset of patients having baseline and prediction year data (n=750), modeling showed that the gold standard was the best predictor of outcomes on average for a subset of patients that had these data. However, combining all data sources together had nearly equivalent performance for prediction as the gold standard.

Conclusions: EHR data locations were inaccurate 30% of the time, leading to improvement in overall modeling from a gold standard from chart review for individual diagnoses. However, the impact on identification of the highest risk patients was minor, and combining data from different EHR locations was equivalent to gold standard performance.

Martin S, Wagner J, Lupulescu-Mann N et al. Comparison of EHR-based diagnosis documentation locations to a gold standard for risk stratification in patients with multiple chronic conditions . Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 794–809 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-12-RA-0210
Systemic Cytokine Response predicts the Outcome of Patients from Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Prashant Akila , Vishwanath Prashant , Kotekar Nalini , Nataraj Suma M , Kuruvilla Caroline , Nagalakshmi CS , Doddamani Parveen
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Despite the lifesaving potential, mechanical ventilation (MV) imposes a considerable amount of mechanical stress on the lung. Pulmonary and systemic cytokine release due to inflammatory process triggered by MV may give valuable information on patient outcome.

Materials and methods

Thirty patients aged >18 years with acute respiratory distress who required MV were enrolled for the study. Three milliliters of the venous blood was collected immediately after the initiation of MV and at 24 hours. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated using quantitative immunometric sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Based on their outcome from MV, they were divided into two groups: Survivors (group I) and nonsurvivors (group II).

Results

Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 significantly increased in group II (n=13) when compared with group I (n = 17) (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001 respectively) at 24 hours of MV. However, TNF-α did not show any significant difference between the two groups. The IL-6 >111.9 pg/mL at 24 hours of MV increases the probability of mortality by factor 2.40. An increase of IL-6 by 1 pg/mL significantly increases the relative probability of mortality by a factor of 1.004 (95% CI, 1.0003–1.0078, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

Estimating the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 at 24 hours of connecting the patient to MV will help in predicting the outcome of the patient.

How to cite this article

Prashant A, Vishwanath P, Kotekar N, Nataraj SM, Kuruvilla C, Nagalakshmi CS, Doddamani P. Systemic Cytokine Response predicts the Outcome of Patients from Mechanical Ventilation. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):5-10.
Thyroid Function Status in Indian Adult Nonpregnant Females in Ranchi, India
Authors: Hazra Nandita , Singh Sarvinder , Mitra Binay , Shahbabu Bhaskar
Published: August 2017

Aim

Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine diseases in India. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and contribute to significant morbidity. In this postiodization era, there is paucity of pan-Indian data of thyroid disorder status among adult nonpregnant women. This study was done to analyze the thyroid hormone levels in women of Jharkhand region, which is traditionally known to be an iodine-deficient area.

Materials and methods

Three hundred and forty nonpregnant adult females in Ranchi area who were consuming iodized salt formed part of the study group. Clinical evaluation was done by a gynecologist pertaining to thyroid illness. Thyroid function tests encompassing triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were carried out by quantitative enzyme immunoassay method. Thyroid status of the population was defined as per kit reference range.

Results

Subjects with age range 20 to 67 years were divided into three groups as per clinical status of thyroid disorder, viz. total, disease free, and control. A total of 19.6% had biochemical evidence of thyroid disorder and 82.4% were euthyroid as per reference ranges in kit literature. Out of hypothyroid subjects, 3.2% had clinical and 14.4% had subclinical hypothyroidism. In the study group, no subjects were detected to have overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Multiple comparison analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0, a statistical software package.

Discussion

This is the first study in Jharkhand area on nonpregnant adult female population that are getting iodine sufficient foods in an iodine-deficient region. The study showed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in the study group. Hypothyroidism, predominantly subclinical hypothyroidism, is prevalent among women in this region.

How to cite this article

Chakrabarty BK, Mitra B, Shahbabu B, Hazra N, Singh S. Thyroid Function Status in Indian Adult Nonpregnant Females in Ranchi, India. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):25-29.
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