bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemodelan Semula Jantung dalam Kardiomiopati Diabetes: Peranan Inflamasi, Tekanan Oksidatif dan Apoptosis yang Mendasari Pembentukan dan Perkembangannya
Authors: Jubaidi Fatin Farhana , Zainalabidin Satirah , Taib Izatus Shima , Abd Hamid Zariyantey , Budin Siti Balkis
Published: January 2023

Kardiomiopati diabetes (DCM) merupakan komplikasi kronik diabetes melitus akibat daripada perubahan pada fungsi dan struktur jantung yang diaruh oleh keadaan aras gula darah yang tinggi (hiperglisemia) secara berpanjangan. Walaupun pengawalan hiperglisemia dilakukan dengan komprehensif serta perubahan gaya hidup yang lebih sihat, komplikasi kardiovaskular termasuklah DCM terus menjadi antara punca kematian utama pesakit diabetes. Pembentukan dan perkembangan DCM adalah akibat proses kompensasi melalui pemodelan semula jantung yang melibatkan kematian kardiomiosit hasil daripada kerosakan oksidatif, apoptosis dan inflamasi susulan aruhan hiperglisemia yang tidak terkawal. Walaupun permodelan semula jantung merupakan proses yang penting dalam memulihara struktur dan fungsi jantung, namun dalam keadaan diabetes, rangsangan pemodelan semula jantung yang berpanjangan boleh membawa kepada kemorosotan fungsi yang kekal dan akhirnya menyebabkan kegagalan jantung. Memahami mekanisme yang terlibat dalam pembentukan dan perkembangan DCM adalah sangat penting bagi merangka strategi untuk mengurangkan komplikasi akibat penyakit ini. Oleh itu, dalam kertas ulasan ini, hasil kajian terkini mengenai proses pemodelan semula jantung dalam perkembangan DCM dan mekanisme utama yang mendasari pembentukan dan perkembangannya akan diperjelaskan.
Estimation of Medical Costs for Ischemic Stroke Patients - From the Perspective of a Health Care Provider
Authors: Majid Noriza , Chew Yee Lin , Aizuddin Azimatun Noor
Published: January 2023

The increasing prevalence of stroke has presented challenges to all countries. Since 2007, stroke has been one of the leading causes of death in Malaysia. Furthermore, the number of strokes is expected to increase steadily. Certainly, all parties are concerned, particularly considering the socioeconomic burden that must be borne. As a result, the community and health-care providers must measure the number required to cover the medical expenses associated with a stroke. The estimated medical costs are based on the medical costs of ischemic stroke patients treated at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Mukhriz, which involved a total of 2161 stroke patients between 2016 and 2020. Demographic factors such as age and gender, as well as clinical factors such as severity, length of stay (LOS), and comorbid factors, were used to determine the medical costs of ischemic stroke patients. A logarithmic transformation was carried out on the medical cost to create a more suitable medical cost estimating model, considering the skewed nature of the medical cost data of ischemic stroke patients. As a result of the multiple linear regression analysis, age, LOS, severity level, type of comorbidity such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), atrial fibrillation (AF), smoking and alcohol habits were found to have a significant effect on these medical costs. However, a patient's medical costs are unaffected by gender or type of comorbidity, such as diabetes or hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, it was discovered that increased LOS, severity levels, or the presence of comorbidities such as IHD, AF, and smoking habits all increased patients' medical costs. Medical costs, on the other hand, were found to be lower in patients who were older, consumed alcohol, and had hypertension.
Kajian Potensi Kompleks Kuprum(II)Tetraaza sebagai Ionofor Pengesan Ion Iodida
Authors: Nokarajoo Devika , Sapari Suhaila , Abdul Kadir Jilani Noraisyah , Abdul Razak Fazira Ilyana , Yamin Bohari , Hasbullah Siti Aishah
Published: January 2023

Pengesanan anion toksik secara memilih adalah penting dalam pembangunan kimosensor kolorimetri. Kompleks kuprum(II)tetraaza (CuT) pertama kali dikaji sebagai ionofor dalam pengesanan anion iodida. Kajian pengesanan anion meliputi kajian kolorimetri, kajian pengikatan menggunakan Spektroskopi Utralembayung Boleh Nampak (ULBN) dan kajian komputeran melalui pengiraan Teori Fungsi Ketumpatan (DFT). Perubahan warna berlaku apabila kompleks CuT ditambah dengan anion iodida (I-), tiosianat (SCN-) dan sianat (CN-) iaitu daripada ungu kepada kuning atau merah jambu. Nilai pemalar pengikatan, Kb untuk anion I-, SCN- dan CN- masing-masing adalah 160.7, 27.1 dan 21.6 M-1 membuktikan kompleks CuT mempunyai interaksi yang kuat terhadap anion I-. Nisbah mod pengikatan antara CuT dengan anion I-, SCN-, CN- adalah 1:2 berdasarkan graf keseimbangan. Kajian interferen menunjukkan CuT mempunyai keterpilihan yang lebih tinggi terhadap anion I-. Pengiraan DFT membuktikan poli(n-butil akrilat), [poli(nBA)] sesuai digunakan sebagai matriks pemegunan kompleks CuT. Nilai tenaga pengikatan (Epengikatan) antara kompleks CuT terpegun poli(nBA) dengan anion iodida yang lebih rendah iaitu -1613.424673 eV berbanding dengan kompleks CuT dengan anion I- sahaja iaitu -1567.056909 eV menunjukkan pembentukan ikatan yang lebih kuat antara kompleks CuT terpegun poli(nBA) dengan anion I-. Sensor optik ini dapat difabrikasikan berasaskan kompleks CuT sebagai ionofor dipegunkan menggunakan poli(nBA) bagi pembangunan sensor ion I-.
Sexting in times of confinement : An analysis of sending online sexual content before and during COVID-19 pandemic amongst university students
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez José-María , Aznar-Díaz Inmaculada , Hinojo-Lucena Francisco-Javier , Gómez-García Gerardo
Published: January 2023

Sexting is a common practice among young adults that consists of sending material with sexual content to other people. During the COVID-19 pandemic containment situation, the main means of exploring sexuality have been through digital devices. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the practice of sexting before and during confinement due to COVID-19 amongst Spanish university students. A longitudinal design was adopted from the application of an online survey based on three standardized and internationally used instruments on a sample of university students (n = 499) before and during confinement. The results indicated that the practice of sexting was slightly higher during confinement. At the same time, the use of dating applications was a conditioning factor in sexting. Furthermore, it was noted that sexting had a significant influence on college students’ levels of self-control, depression, anxiety, and stress during confinement. Finally, the main conclusions of this study are discussed where the situation of confinement has had an impact on the lives of students and their habits of digital consumption and expression of sexuality.
ERRO NA APRENDIZAGEM DE QUÍMICA: CONCEPÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA DO ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO GERAL
Authors: Selemane Milagre Alberto , Gomundanhe Almeida Meque , Gueze Geraldo Alfredo
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções que os professores de Química têm sobre o erro na aprendizagem desta disciplina. Para o alcance deste objetivo, optou-se pelo estudo de caso com uma abordagem qualitativa e com suporte bibliográfico. Foi aplicado um questionário como técnica de recolha de dados a cinco professores de Química do Ensino Secundário da cidade de Lichinga.  O tratamento e a análise de dados foram baseados na análise de conteúdo. Dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que os alunos cometem erros procedimentais ligados à sistematização e articulação de códigos e regras da linguagem química. De um modo geral, os professores apresentam uma concepção de erro desvinculada do saber que o aluno detém. Identificado o erro, o protagonismo do professor ou a autonomia do aluno é usada como estratégia para a sua correção. Constatou-se, também, que o erro pode ser utilizado como instrumento de diagnóstico na identificação de lacunas de aprendizagem e como instrumento de planificação e reorientação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Palavras-chave: Erro. Aprendizagem. Química.
MARKETING VERDE COMO DIFERENCIAL COMPETITIVO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Araujo José Vandson Teixeira , De Moraes Hoefel Joao Luiz
Published: January 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar o Marketing Verde como um agente ímpar para o diferencial competitivo das organizações e que as práticas de Marketing Verde podem vir a corroborar com a diminuição dos impactos ambientais oriundos da venda de produtos que não têm conceitos sustentáveis, diferentemente dos produtos verdes, que são melhores em eficiência e diminuição do impacto ambiental. Os consumidores estão mais atentos às problemáticas ambientais e estão dispostos a pagar mais por produtos verdes. A utilização do Marketing Verde em todo o Ciclo de Vida do Produto pode trazer lucros maiores em consonância com a percepção positiva do consumidor e novas formas de diminuição do custo, tanto de produção quanto logístico. O desenvolvimento do estudo teve como meio a pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, com o intuito de promover conceitos e estruturas de forma clara e simples.
Palavras-chave: Marketing Verde. Impacto ambiental. Diferencial competitivo.
PSICANÁLISE E O TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR
Authors: Guimarães Carvalho Vívian , Favarin Rafael da Nova
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho assumiu como objetivo geral investigar como a psicanálise pode contribuir com crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista no ambiente escolar. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa e de orientação psicanalítica. Procurou-se compreender o histórico do TEA como uma nosologia médica e, especialmente, psicanalítica, além de descrever conceitos oriundos da clínica psicanalítica e sua contribuição para a emergência do sujeito em crianças com TEA. Como resultados, observou-se que atualmente a concepção que tem como enfoque a constituição do sujeito parte do princípio em que há diferenças entre os diagnósticos de psicose e TEA. Dentro do campo psicanalítico, assume-se a escola como um ambiente privilegiado. Concluiu-se que a emergência do sujeito se daria através da linguagem e da cultura, com importante participação do ambiente escolar.
Palavras-chave: Psicanálise. Autismo. Inclusão.
CRISE DA ESCOLA TRADICIONAL: REVISITANDO JUAN TEDESCO
Authors: Pereira Gilvan Elias
Published: January 2023

Este ensaio tem por objetivo retomar reflexões propostas pelo sociólogo argentino Juan Carlos Tedesco em seu livro “O novo pacto educativo”, em particular no capítulo 2 – “A crise do sistema tradicional” –, trazendo, para tanto, algumas de suas ideias para o cenário atual, com destaque para a questão da quebra do monopólio da escola enquanto agência de saber e da questão referente ao déficit de socialização vivido pela sociedade atual em face das dificuldades de agentes socializadores, em especial a escola e a família, diante de uma realidade de incertezas e abundância de tecnologias de conhecimento e interação social. Ao final ficam em aberto para novas discussões os desafios da escola em um mundo de incertezas, não como uma fase passageira, mas como uma característica inerente à sociedade atual, o que envolve repensar o conceito de coesão social usado por Tedesco com base em Emile Durkheim.
Palavras-chave: Escola moderna. Coesão social. Déficit de socialização.
ESTRATÉGIA DE FISCALIZAÇÃO E GESTÃO DA CONFORMIDADE REGULATÓRIA NO SETOR ELÉTRICO
Authors: Hashimoto Kleber , Antonelli Denis
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho apresenta contribuições ao processo de gestão da conformidade regulatória e da prática fiscalizatória do setor elétrico no Brasil à luz da legislação setorial. O trabalho apresenta um plano estruturado para o diagnóstico da conformidade regulatória que tem sido aplicada em concessionárias de distribuição de energia elétrica. Os processos foram avaliados – de forma inovadora – por meio de simulações de fiscalização, com destaque aos seguintes temas: qualidade do serviço, tratamento das reclamações, acesso e faturamento da geração distribuída e Plano de Resultados. Com base nessa experiência, foram indicados alguns pontos de aperfeiçoamento na regulação setorial, assim como na estratégia da gestão da conformidade e na prática da fiscalização.
Palavras-chave: Conformidade Regulatória. Fiscalização.
Semen parameters in male carriers of Robertsonian translocations (13;14)
Authors: Andreeva M. V. , Kurilo L. F. , Shtaut M. I. , Sedova A. O. , Sorokina T. M. , Chernykh V. B.
Published: January 2023

Background.Robertsonian translocations (RTs) are the most common type of balanced chromosomal abnormalities. RT male carriers have an increased risk of reproductive disorders, but the causes of this still are not clear enough.

Aim.To evaluate semen parameters in RT(13;14) male carriers.

Materials and methods.24 men with 45,XY,der(13;14)(q10;q10) karyotype and infertility (n = 23) or recurrent pregnancy loss in spouse (n = 1).

Results.Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia was detected in 18 (75 %) patients, asthenoteratozoospermia in 3 (13 %) patients, and azoospermia in 2 (8 %) patients. Normozoospermia was detected in 1 (4 %) patient, whose wife had a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Conclusion.Infertility in the examined RT male carriers is associated with spermatogenesis disorders, in most cases resulted in oligozooasthenoteratozoospermia.
Resection of the inferior vena cava in patients with kidney tumor and tumor thrombus
Authors: Komarov R. N. , Rapoport L. M. , Ognev O. O. , Ismailbayev A. M. , Tlisov B. M. , Zavaruev A. V. , Antonov A. K. , Shao M. , Korolev D. O. , Ryabov K. Y.
Published: January 2023

Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare disease with a poor prognosis without surgical treatment. The presence of a tumor thrombus in the cavity of the main vessel in most cases is accompanied by massive bleeding during thrombectomy. To reduce the volume of blood loss, it is possible to use cardiopulmonary bypassto reduce the potential risks associated with blood loss and unstable hemodynamics. Sometimes tumor thrombosis can be growth into the vein wall or lead to occlusion IVC, we consider that it’s indication for resection of the IVC. Thrombectomy with laparotomy access can be performed even with type IV tumor thrombosis, if the thrombus is not fixed to the wall of the suprarenal IVC and surgeon have enough view of suprarenal segment.

This article presents a variant of surgical treatment of patients with right kidney cancer, type IV IVC thrombosis, occlusion infrarenal IVC and ileofemoral thrombosis. In both cases we made resection IVC – infrarenal segment in first case and suprarenal segment in second case.
Gender Issues in Social Psychology: Research Directions
Authors: Kletsina I.S.
Published: January 2023

In the present issue of the journal "Social Psychology and Society" readers can get acquainted with articles united by a common topic – gender studies in the system of socio-psychological knowledge.
Stereotyping as a Weapon of Cold War Propaganda: Military Masculinity in Soviet Songs
Authors: Riabova T.B.
Published: January 2023

Objective. The article examines how the Cold War propaganda employed the male stereotype in the representations of the Soviet and U.S. militaries. Background. The relevance is determined by necessity to study the methods and resources, which are used in creating the image of the enemy. For the first time the Soviet songs have been analyzed as a weapon of the Cold War propaganda. Study design. The research hypothesis was that the Soviet songs about the militaries contained two components related to masculinity. First, the identified characteristics of the militaries have been compared to the male stereotype per se; then – to the stereotype of Soviet masculinity. Measurements. The research materials consist of 190 Soviet songs (1946-1991) which contain the images of Soviet and U.S. militaries. Content analysis serves as the research method. The units for analysis: features and social roles attributed to a man and to a Soviet man. Results. The role of gender stereotyping in representations of “us” and “them”, in creating the image of the enemy has been examined on the data of the songs. The influence of the Soviet ideology on correcting male stereotype has been investigated. It was established that two modes of male stereotype used for creating the representations of Soviet and US militaries: both “us” and “them” were estimated through the light of stereotype of “real man”, on the one hand (strength, courage, self-control, and others), and through the light of stereotype of Soviet man, on the other hand (collectivism, patriotism, mercy, and others). Main conclusions. First, Song served one of resources in creating the image of Enemy; second, gender stereotyping functioned as an important method of the Cold War propaganda; third, main regularities of social stereotyping have been confirmed: “us” were represented in more detailed and more positive ways, then “them”.
Psychological Well-Being and Adherence to the Norms of Femininity of Female Students Mastering Helping Professions in a Regional and Metropolitan University
Authors: Semyonova L.E. , Sachkova M.Y.
Published: January 2023

Objective. Determination of the specifics of the relationship between psychological well-being and adherence to the normative model of traditional femininity based on the example of female students mastering helping professions at the medical and psychological faculties of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities. Background. In the context of social instability and the constant growth of negative impacts on a person there is a need for detail study of psychological well-being and the specifics of the connection with it of other socio-psychological and personal phenomena. At the same time, the changed socio-cultural context of personality development as a gender subject, caused along with the traditional emergence of new egalitarian norms, in particular, femininity, actualizes the problem of the relationship between the psychological well-being of a woman's personality and the degree of adherence to traditional gender standards. Study design. The relationship between the level of psychological well-being and the degree of adherence to the traditional model of femininity among female students of psychological and medical faculties of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities was studied. To analyze the data the Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis (Spearman's coefficient), and the Fisher coefficient were used. Participants. Sample: 92 female persons, 42 students of psychological faculties and 50 students of medical faculties of the 1st and 2nd years of higher education in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod aged 18 to 23 years (M=19,53; SD=1,11). Measurements. Questionnaire "Scale of psychological well-being" by K. Riff (adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkovа and P.P. Fesenko), Questionnaire "Norms of female behavior" by I.S. Kletsina, E.V. Joffe. Results. The average level of psychological well-being was found in the entire sample, while there are differences in female students of psychology and medicine between the scales of "Environment Management" and "Personal growth". The sample of female students of medical faculties of regional university shows a greater commitment to traditional norms of female behavior, and their well-being is more associated with traditional femininity. Conclusions. The relationship between psychological well-being and adherence to the norms of femininity in female students mastering helping professions in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities is established.
Features-Aware DDoS Detection in Heterogeneous Smart Environments based on Fog and Cloud Computing
Authors: Costa Wanderson L , Portela Ariel L. C , Gomes Rafael Lopes
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, urban environments are deploying smart environments (SEs) to evolve infrastructures, resources, and services. SEs are composed of a huge amount of heterogeneous devices, i.e., the SEs have both personal devices (smartphones, notebooks, tablets, etc) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices (sensors, actuators, and others). One of the existing problems of the SEs is the detection of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, due to the vulnerabilities of IoT devices. In this way, it is necessary to deploy solutions that can detect DDoS in SEs, dealing with issues like scalability, adaptability, and heterogeneity (distinct protocols, hardware capacity, and running applications). Within this context, this article presents an Intelligent System for DDoS detection in SEs, applying Machine Learning (ML), Fog, and Cloud computing approaches. Additionally, the article presents a study about the most important traffic features for detecting DDoS in SEs, as well as a traffic segmentation approach to improve the accuracy of the system. The experiments performed, using real network traffic, suggest that the proposed system reaches 99% of accuracy, while reduces the volume of data exchanged and the detection time.
Design and Development of Novel Hybrid Precoder for Millimeter-Wave MIMO System
Authors: K SRINIVAS , Srinivasulu T
Published: January 2023

Power consumption and hardware cost reduction with the use of hybrid beamforming in large-scale millimeter wave MIMO systems. The large dimensional analog precoding integrates with the hybrid beamforming based on the phase shifters including digital precoding with lower dimensionality. The reduction of Euclidean distance between the hybrid precoder and fully digital is the major problem to overcome the minimization of resultant spectral efficiency. The issue formulates as a fully digital precoder’s matrix factorization problem based on the analog RF precoder matrix and the digital baseband precoder matrix. An additional element-wise unit modulus constraint is imposed by the phase shifters on the analog RF precoder matrix. The traditional methods have a problem of performance loss in spectral efficiency. In the processing time and iteration, high complexities result in optimization algorithms. In this paper, a novel low complexity algorithm proposes which maximizes the spectral efficiency and reduces the computational processing time.
An improved Framework for Biometric Database’s privacy
Authors: EL-YAHYAOUI Ahmed , OMARY Fouzia
Published: January 2023

Security and privacy are huge challenges in biometric systems. Biometrics are sensitive data that should be protected from any attacker and especially attackers targeting the confidentiality and integrity of biometric data. In this paper an extensive review of different physiological biometric techniques is provided. A comparative analysis of the various sus mentioned biometrics, including characteristics and properties is conducted. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the most relevant physiological biometrics is achieved. Furthermore, we propose a new framework for biometric database privacy. Our approach is based on the use of the promising fully homomorphic encryption technology. As a proof of concept, we establish an initial implementation of our security module using JAVA programming language.
Two-Time Procedure for Calculation of Carrier Frequency of Phasomodulated in Communication Systems
Authors: Turovsky Oleksandr Leonidovich , Vlasenko Vadym , Rudenko Nataliia , Golubenko Oleksandr , Kitura Oleh , Drobyk Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

The use in radio communication systems of phase modulation of a signal intended for the transmission of useful information in a continuous mode creates the problem of frequency uncertainty of the received signal by frequency.In practice, it is not possible to implement frequency estimation in the conditions of chat uncertainty of the signal in the channel with low energy of the signal received in the continuous mode. Therefore, the estimation of the carrier frequency offset of the signal received relative to the nominal value is carried out before other synchronization procedures are included, namely: phase synchronization and clock synchronization. The paper generalizes the procedure and forms a two-step procedure for calculating the carrier frequency of the phase-modulated signal of a radio communication system for data transmission in a continuous mode, taking into account the condition of uncertainty of all signal parameters. Achieving the minimum observation interval in the given order of calculation of the carrier frequency is ensured by the use of the fast Fourier transform function. In order to analyze the effectiveness of this procedure, the process of estimating the carrier frequency of the phase-modulated signal of the radio communication system during data transmission in continuous mode and functional dependences of the maximum frequency in the signal spectrum and the minimum variance of carrier frequency estimation. This procedure allows a two-stage assessment of the carrier frequency according to the rule of maximum likelihood, taking into account the condition of uncertainty of all parameters of the signal received by the satellite communication system in a continuous mode with a minimum observation interval. Achieving the minimum observation interval in the given order of carrier frequency estimation is ensured by using the fast Fourier transform function and two estimation steps. The analysis of the efficiency of the estimation of the specified order was carried out on the basis of comparison of a ratio of the received minimum variance of an estimation of a carrier frequency and theoretically possible border of the minimum variance.
DIDACTICAL GAMES FOR SPEECH DEVELOPMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS
Authors: Rubahova Galina
Published: January 2023

Speech takes a very important place in the development of a child, and the development of other mental functions depends on it. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the development of the child's speech in time and to prevent disorders. The aim of the article is to evaluate the effect of the didactic game developed by the author on the development of connected speech in children with language disorders, based on the analysis of theoretical literature.In the article analyzes theoretical aspects of language development, includes language development preconditions, language development disorders’ causes (reasons) and the activities of preschool educational institution in promoting the development of a child's speech, and didactical plays and games importance children speech development, as well as offered by author made game “Create a sentence”.Empiric part describes research methodology, analyzes children skills before and after one month using of didactic game “Create a sentence” game, analyzes results of parents’ questionnaire.In conclusion summarized results of research.
COMMUNICATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF LAW
Authors: Baikovs Aleksandrs
Published: January 2023

Today the communicative phenomenological law theory is one of the most popular post-non-classical norms of law. Its initial premise is a position: communication is a condition for the existence of law and a form, not just a public one. Texts, actions for their construction and interpretation, the associated thinking, understanding, and interaction of legal subjects form the content of the communication. Considerable interest in the issues of the communicative interaction of legal subjects leads to the assumption that the types of integration understanding are intensively sought in the interpretation of legal phenomena. As noted by one of the most prominent representatives of this theory of law, A.V. Polyakov, legal communication is a legal interaction of legal subjects that arises on the basis of legal interpretation, provides them with correlative powers and legal obligations that are implemented in legal behaviour. At the same time, legal communication is not only a phenomenon of law but also communication as an interactive dialogue of legal subjects, which is implemented using language, as well as other non-verbal means of communication. The theory of legal communication is created on the basis of the need to study the problems of the influence and effectiveness of legislative texts, their impact, which means that legal communication should provide not only the connection of the legislator with the subject of law but also feedback – the connection of the subject of law with the legislator.
STRONG CUSTOMER AUTHENTIFICATION WHEN PROVIDING A PAYMENT SERVICE
Authors: Bože Anete
Published: January 2023

Strong customer authentication in the Second Payment Service Directive means customer authentication where customer shall use two or more of the following elements: knowledge (what only the user knows), possession (what only is in the user’s possession) and inherence (user-specific). The purpose of the strong customer authentication is to make payment services more secure and to protect costumer’s personal data. It is mandatory to use at least two of three elements: elements: knowledge, such as password, numeric code, pet name, etc., possession, such as a mobile phone, and inherence, such as a fingerprint. The aim of the article is to find out what is secure customer authentication, what it contains and in which cases secure user authentication does not apply.
FRAUD ONLINE
Authors: Gaide Ksenija
Published: January 2023

E-fraud involves fraudulent online payments and e-commerce sites, soliciting personal data or cheating on virtual currency. In recent years, a new type of criminal e-transaction has been identified in Latvia - illegal access to bank accounts and fraud, which tends to Smart-ID users. Criminals are coming up with new ways to obtain money illegally. Often these crimes are transnational in nature, making it difficult for victims to return the money lost. Funds are transferred to payment systems such as cryptocurrencies, which makes it very difficult to track their progress. Police statistics show that hundreds of Latvians suffer from various forms of Internet fraud every year. However, it must be acknowledged that this is largely due to people's credulity and the lack of cyber hygiene in society.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF COMPETITION IN MODERN ECONOMY
Authors: Khikmat Mukhammadjon
Published: January 2023

Competition is rivalry, economic struggle, competition between sellers and producers for the right to obtain maximum profit and between buyers when buying goods for great profit. The paper reveals that competition fulfills the most important function in a market economy - it forces producers to take into account the interests of the consumer, and therefore the interests of society as a whole. In the course of competition, the market selects from a variety of products only those that consumers need. The aim of the present paper is to show different views on competition in one unified system, called here the field of competition. Novelty of the research is the attention paid to the essence of competition in the economy and the issues caused from scarce competition.
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF LOW-QUALIFIED STAFF IN BABITE SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: Rutulis Pēteris
Published: January 2023

The demand for low-qualified labour has been declining in recent years, however, there are still institutions where a large number of employees are low-qualified workers. In the field of personnel management, effective personnel management is important, however, it is the management of a low-qualified workforce that can be a challenge. Unlike a highly skilled workforce, there may be problems with perception, performance, accountability, execution of orders and even interactions with each other. Novelty is based on the concept of efficiency and measuring efficiency in low-qualified workforce management, summarizing and analysing the factors influencing job performance and the skills and competencies existing and necessary for management to assess personnel management as effective. By analysing the current situation in Babīte Secondary School, it is possible to obtain specific facts about the existing shortcomings in order to model the effective management process in the school.
UNDERSTANDING AND THE ROLE OF AMNESTY AND PARDON IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Santalova Liāna
Published: January 2023

Amnesty and pardon institutes have been known for hundreds of years. These institutes were under the control of monarchs or rulers, because only rulers could amnesty or pardon a criminal. Acts of amnesty or pardon were declared in honor of holidays such as marriage or coronation. However, nowadays, for example, in Latvia, the issuance of these acts has become very insignificant, as the number of displaced persons is decreasing. The author can conclude that amnesty and pardon is an opportunity for a convicted person to correct and prevent the commission of new criminal offenses, but this possibility must be determined for a specific group of persons, because in the author's opinion, most convicted persons are not worthy of correction.
PARTIES CONSENT IN DISTANCE CONTRACT
Authors: Saulišs Gatis
Published: January 2023

Distance contracts are becoming increasingly more favored over conventional types of contracts. Internet has revolutionized distance communication and directly affected use of distance contracts. In current state of law only Consumer rights law has defined distance contract, but this type of contract is used in many other civil law fields. The article discusses possible universal definition of consent and distance contract that could be used in Civil law to define this widely used type of contract.
FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH TELECOMMUNATIONS SERVICES
Authors: Soma Dina , Znotiņa Daina , Čerpinska Aija
Published: January 2023

The most significant changes in the international economy for the recent decades have been related to the growing role of the sector of services. As the proportion of services increases, customer satisfaction has become more important, so that customers return, do not go to the competitors and become a loyal customer. To understand their behaviour, it is necessary to know the things that affect their satisfaction – their needs, reasonable prices, pleasant service or anything else that can improve the company’s image. During the global pandemic, people stay at home, so the demand for telecommunication services has rapidly grown. Its quality and customer service are a lot more needed. In this study case, these aspects are considered through Tele2’s tariff plan “Bezlimits” (“Unlimited”) and the opinion of its users. A questionnaire has been made to collect the data, analyse, interpret and to make conclusions that can be binding to all companies in the telecommunications industry.
RA-associated atherosclerosis: mechanisms of development and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Ponkratov V. I. , Mescherina N. S.
Published: January 2023

According to data from large population trials and meta-analyses, mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly exceeds that in the general population. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rather widely contribute to the excess mortality in RA patients. Despite the recent emergence of a large number of innovative drugs for RA treatment, CVD mortality in this pathology persists at the level of the cardiovascular risk (CVR) typical for diabetes mellitus. With that, currently there is a clear trend among physicians for underestimating CVR in these patients. The review analyzes discovered pathogenetic mechanisms of CVR development in RA, which are represented by an integrated complex of vascular (endothelial dysfunction), cellular (T-cell dysfunction), and humoral (proinflammatory mediators, autoantibodies, complement activation) disorders. Besides, despite a large amount of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs that can provide CVR decrease due to selective effects on separate mechanisms, the current lack of comparative trials does not allow to readily define specific drugs that are beneficial for the specific CVD decrease. Due to this, the promising trend of applied clinical medicine presumes the implementation of the interdisciplinary approach to CVR correction in RA patients, which will account not only for the treatment administered by the rheumatologist, but also the risk stratification, patient compliance, and multidisciplinary treatment efficacy control. This will allow for optimal CVD prevention in RA patients, thus significantly improving their quality of life and prognosis.
Phenotype of patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease: features of pathophysiology and differential diagnosis
Authors: Lyapina I. N. , Teplova Yu. E. , Martynyuk T. V.
Published: January 2023

The cohort of patients with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH), associated with the left heart diseases, is the most numerous, but is still not fully understood. This review presents the pathophysiological aspects of the PH group 2 development as well as the influence of comorbid pathology on the course of the PH. The features of the differential diagnosis of post-capillary PH and combined post-/ precapillary PH, as well as methods of the differential diagnosis of these forms of PH with pulmonary arterial hypertension using modern non-invasive and invasive approaches are discussed.
Roleofoxytocinin the protective function of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Borovleva O V. , Kaskayeva D. S. , Petrova M. M. , Lopatina O. L. , Borovleva A. V.
Published: January 2023

Oxytocin is synthesized in endothelial cells of the cardiovascular system and exerts its effects by oxytocin receptors. The effect of oxytocin on vascular tone, blood pressure, vascular growth and remodeling, as well as participation in cardiovascular regulation has been proven. The positive effect of oxytocin on infarct size and recovery of contractile function in reperfusion is well studied. It should be noted that the mechanisms of this cardioprotective effect have not yet been studied. Research evidence suggests that oxytocin therapy significantly improves cardiac function, reduces inflammation and apoptosis, and improves scar vascularization. Oxytocin stimulates the transformation of stem cells into clones of cardiomyocytes. Oxytocin promotes angiogenesis by stimulating the formation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Increased consumption of glucose by cardiomyocytes, inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and a decrease in oxidative stress are the reasons for the positive effects of oxytocin. Oxytocin reduces inflammation, improves cardiovascular and metabolic function. This is the manifestation of the cardioprotective effect of oxytocin. Potential treatment of cardiovascular diseases with oxytocin is possible due to the pleiotropic nature of oxytocin effects. This review indicates the likely mechanisms of oxytocin action at the cellular level that are involved in cardioprotection.
Optical coherence tomography as a method for assessing the conduit-anastomosis-artery system in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kochergin N. A. , Zagorodnikov N. I. , Frolov A. V. , Tarasov R. S. , Ganyukov V. I.
Published: January 2023

Background. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the most common cardiac surgery in the world. In the long-term follow-up period after surgery, graft failure occurs in a substantial proportion of CABG conduits and is a complex pathomorphological process. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution intravascular imaging modality that allows to assess in-vivo endothelial integrity.Aim. To substantiate the efficacy and safety of OCT assessment of the conduitanastomosis-artery system in CABG patients.Methods. The prospective observational cohort study included 21 patients with chronic coronary artery disease who underwent CABG. 3–5 days after CABG, patients underwent OCT and angiography of arterial and vein grafts, including distal anastomosis and nearby segment of the target coronary artery. At 12-month follow-up, all patients underwent repeated OCT and angiography of the conduitanastomosis-artery system to assess the changes. The primary endpoint of the study was graft failure; secondary endpoints of the study included unplanned repeat myocardial revascularization, cardiac death, and myocardial infarction due to graft failure.Results. At 12-month follow-up, 14.3% of graft failure and 9.5% of cases of unplanned repeated myocardial revascularization were registered. In most cases of graft failure, primary OCT revealed pronounced changes in the conduit and the native coronary artery (conduit/artery diameter ratio was more than 2 mm), whereas the diameter of the coronary artery anastomosis was less than 2.5 mm. Myocardial infarctions and death within 12 months were not registered.Conclusion. Thus, OCT is an effective and safe intravascular imaging technique for assessing coronary arteries and the conduit-anastomosis-artery system. OCT makes it possible to identify morphological changes in coronary bypass grafts, which can predict their early failure. The conduit/artery diameter ratio greater than 2 and target coronary artery diameter less than 2.5 mm was associated with graft failure within 12 months after CABG.
Medical and demographic situation in the Amur region as the basis of health preservation
Authors: Kalininskaya A. A. , Alekhnovich A. V. , Kizeev M. V. , Lazarev A. V. , Balzamova L. A. , Smirnov A.  A.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To analyze medical and demographic situation and morbidity in the population of different age groups in the Russian Federation, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Amur Region in order to develop management decisions for the health protection of the population at the regional levels.Methods. Statistical and analytical analysis were conducted. The reports of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Federal State Statistics Services were used as the material.Results. The mortality rates in the population of the Amur Region are higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District and in the Russian Federation for all years of analysis (2016–2020) and have amounted to 16.2 in 2020; 13.9; 14.6 per 1000 population respectively. In the Amur Region, mortality from injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes is 2 times higher than in the Russian Federation; from diseases of the digestive system 1.6 times higher, from diseases of the respiratory system 1.5 times higher. Mortality from COVID-19 in the Amur Region is 84.3‰00, which is lower than in the Russian Federation (98.8). There is a higher rate of general morbidity in the Amur Region (2020, 162484.1 per 100 thousand population) compared to the Russian Federation (156111.4), and to the Far Eastern Federal District (146365.3), respectively. A significantly high incidence of diseases of the digestive system (16871.3‰00), compared to the Russian Federation (10092.1), and the Far Eastern Federal District (11230.8) has been noted. The incidence of COVID-19 in the Amur Region have decreased from 84678.4 per 100 thousand population (2019) to 80294.8‰00 (2020), while 3141.3‰00 cases have been registered in 2020; a 2.6-fold increase in the incidence of pneumonia has been observed for the first time. At the same time, the primary incidence of circulatory system diseases has decreased by 12.1%, which is the result of lacking dispensary and preventive services associated with the pandemic. The frequency of COVID-19 in the Amur Region in 2020 is 3141.3‰00, in the Russian Federation – 3384.5, in the Far Eastern Federal District – 3394.9, respectively. Higher rates of morbidity (2020) are noted in children – 166656.9 per 100 thousand of the corresponding population compared to the adolescents – 147023.43‰00, which is significantly higher compared to the entire population – 80294.83‰00.Conclusion. The results of the study should be used by government representatives to develop managerial decisions regarding the health of the population, especially the future generation.
Substantiation of protection of a neurovascular unit in the clinical model of cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Ivkin A. A. , Grigoriev E. V. , Morgun A. V.
Published: January 2023

This analytical review presents data on brain injury in surgical management of congenital heart disease. A brief description of mechanisms of brain injury and methods of its prevention are given, moreover, a clinical case applying such techniques is given. The neurovascular unit in vitro model and its advantages are presented. The protocol for modelling, the further application of the model, and the prospects of using it for studying intraoperative hypoxia and systemic inflammatory response on the patient`s brain are described.
Updating the procedures for providing medical care services to patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Roshchin D. O. , Aleksandrova O. Y.
Published: January 2023

Highlights. The process of updating the procedures for providing medical care services affects the quality and safety of patients. The current requirements and the results of public health surveillance are analyzed. Hypotheses have been formed for expert analysis in case of update of regulatory and administrative laws.Aim. To analyze the procedures for providing medical care services to further search for appropriate updating mechanisms.Methods. The study focuses on the analysis of the current procedures for provision of medical care services to the adult population suffering from cardiovascular diseases, and the analysis of 1319 reports published by governmental organizations during public healthcare surveillance for the period from 2015 to 2019 which revealed violations of the procedures for provision of medical care services to patients with cardiovascular diseases.Results. The procedures for providing medical care services to patients with cardiovascular diseases contain 983 provisions. 768 (78.13%) of them are equipment standards. Out of the remaining 215 provisions, excluding the equipment standards, 130 (60.46%) meet the criteria for mandatory requirements, and 63 provisions (29.30%) are unique (i.e., not duplicated in other legal acts). Of the 1319 inspections conducted by Roszdravnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare) in 2015- 2019, 190 cases contained violations of the procedures for providing medical care services to cardiac patients. Of the 308 cases of detected violations, 206 (66.88%) were due to the absence of certain items provided for by the equipment standard. At the same time, 93.14% of all violations that were not associated with the equipment standards, occurred due to violation of 7 provisions of the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation No. 918n. Identification of pattern of these violations revealed that issues related to the absence of two regulations of the equipment standard in medical organizations have never been addressed.Conclusion. The procedures for provision of medical care services to patients with cardiovascular diseases contain a relatively small number of mandatory requirements (compared to the total number of provisions contained in the procedures). Identification of the same type of violations of the regulatory act committed by numerous medical organizations indicates necessity to further assess their real contribution to the quality and safety of healthcare. The analysis of the reports published by governmental organizations made it possible to develop hypotheses that can be analyzed as “input” data by experts who participate in the process of updating the procedures for providing medical care services. The existence of data that could initiate the process of updating the procedures (or the process of rejecting the amendments) will assist in systematization of this work.