bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The electric structure of the schizosphere in SE Thessaly, Greece, and its correlation with active tectonics
Authors: Tzanis A. , Drosopoulou E.
Published: June 2018

We report the results of a magnetotelluric study in SE Thessaly, Greece, and their correlation with the active tectonics of the area. The data comprised 14 wide-band (150-0.005 Hz) soundings performed in the periphery of the cities of Volos, Velestino and N. Anghialos. The spatial analysis of the MT impedance tensor shows a transition from a shallow (< 1 km) geoelectric structure associated with apparent local structural features, to the deeper (> 3 km) schizosphere associated with large scale structures with ESE-WNW to SE -NW orientation. Quantitative interpretation was carried out with 2-D inversion and yielded high quality images of the geoelectric structure at depths 3-15 km; this depth range corresponds to the seismogenic layer. Conductive structures in the general E-W direction could be detected and correlated with neotectonic faults. In addition, a possible relic of the now extinct Mikrothivai volcano (1.5±0.1 Ma BCE) has been identified. Within the seismogenic layer the spatial MT data correlate almost exactly with the stress field calculated by inversion of focal mechanisms from local earthquakes and appear to provide an electrical image of the transition from the dextral NE-SW transformation associated with the N. Aegean trench to approximately N-S extension in the study area
Trace elements in the soils of the Tikves region
Authors: Boev B.
Published: June 2018

The paper presents the results obtained during the investigations carried out for the availability of trace elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Β) to the soils of the Tikves region. Examination by ICP-AES method were carried out on fifty samples taken in the vicinity of the villages of Begniste, Resava, Vozarci, Drenovo, Sirkovo, Manastirec, Sivec, Rosoman, Sopot, Vatasa, Kavadarci, the Beli Kamenja site as well as a number of samples collected between the places. The results obtained indicate high selenium quantities in the vicinity of Rosoman. Increased nickel concentrations, cadmium and boron along the Crna River course were also determined.
Degradation of shores in the urban area of Irkutsk city under the influence of manmade reservoir
Authors: Kadetova A. V. , Kozyreva E. A. , Rybchenko A. A.
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the problems of destruction of the shores of the Irkutsk manmade reservoir (Russia). The object of study is the dam-abut area of the reservoir. The reason of peculiar attention given to the shore degradation is that the areas in question are located within the urban territory; the degradation can entail considerable social and economical harm. The investigation of factors influencing the shore scouring was based on the available information on the wind and wave action and the level conditions in the reservoir, as well as the data on the properties and state of grounds in the studied area. The investigation revealed that the water level variations and the ground properties are the main factors responsible for the shore degradation and preventing of its attenuation
Technogenic change of the geological environment of urban areas (by the example of Irkutsk town)
Authors: Kadetova A. V. , Rybchenko A. A. , Trzhcinsky Yu. B.
Published: June 2018

The paper discusses engineering-geological problems of urban areas, among which are geohazards like flooding, suffosion subsidence, erosion, and gravitation. It is the concern of the research to do both natural and industrial effect analyses. A detailed historical-geological evaluation has been made of urban spatial development as one of the main geological environment modification factors
Monitoring land use changes and soil degradation using spot and temporal aerial photograph data - the case of Vathy basin (Kalymnos island - Dodecanese Greece)
Authors: Mimides T. , Psomiadis E. , Trikili I.
Published: June 2018

The present paper focuses on the usefulness of aerial photographs and satellite data in the multitemporal detection of land use changes, soil degradation and erosion. The study was carried out in the watershed of Vathy in the Kalymnos Island, and the study period spanned from 1960 to 1999. Aerial photographs of two different periods of time and satellite SPOT data were used for this purpose. The synergistic use of a Geographical Information System for the manipulation of the data was the key for the Natural monitoring of the soil erosion and degradation. The results revealed many changes in the cultivations and in the land use of the watershed the last decades. These changes supplemented by village expansion and spatial reduction of natural vegetation led to the acceleration of soil erosion, to the degradation of water supplies and generally to an environmental deterioration of the wider area.
Burnout among nurses and teachers in Jordan: a comparative study
Authors: Alfuqaha Othman , Alshra'ah Hussain
Published: June 2018

Aim of the study

This study was conducted to evaluate burnout among nurses and teachers in Jordan, and to explore the differences between them. Several demographic factors were examined to evaluate their effect on burnout levels in both professions

Subject or material and methods

This study adopts the descriptive cross sectional design and was performed on 240 total participants; 120 nurses and 120 teachers. A modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (Modified-MBI) was used to assess the three dimensions of burnout.

Results

The results of this study showed moderate levels of burnout among both nurses and teachers; however statistical analysis indicated that nurses had significantly higher level of burnout than teachers. Moreover, this study showed that sex, marital status and experience significantly affected the level of burnout in teachers but not in nurses. Educational level did not affect the level of burnout in either group

Discussion

The results will be discussed according to the study questions.

Conclusions

This study should help in setting proper intervention plans and psychological programs to tackle this important problem
Childhood adversity and clinical features of bipolar
mood disorder
Authors: Jaworska-Andryszewska Paulina , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: June 2018

Aim of the study

Assessing specific associations between a given type of childhood adversity and clinical features of the illness, in patients with bipolar disorder (BD).

Subject or material and methods

The study included 52 patients with BD, aged 47+12 years. A questionnaire for the family history and the course of bipolar disorder, the Polish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the own questionnaire for childhood negative experiences were used and employed to the patients during remission period.

Results

Emotional abuse and neglect were associated with the highest number of unfavorable clinical features of BD, predicting such aspects of the illness as psychotic symptoms, suicidal attempts, rapid cycling and anxiety disorders. Also, emotional abuse was connected with the lower risk of hypertension. The total result of the CTQ was correlated with psychotic symptoms and rapid cycling, sexual abuse was linked to earlier onset of illness, and long-term separation with parents - to co-morbid anxiety disorders and obesity. Some of these associations were sex-dependent. Some connections were also found between unfavorable clinical features of BP and family history of psychiatric disorders.

Discussion

The results obtained confirm the relationship between the negative events in childhood and disadvantageous features of BD course. They also suggest an effect of these events on some somatic conditions in adulthood in BD patients.

Conclusions

In bipolar patients studied, we found specific associations between a type of childhood adversity and psychiatric and somatic aspects of the illness. Emotional abuse and neglect exert the biggest impact in this respect.
Interpersonal problems associated with narcissism among psychiatric outpatients: A replication study .
Authors: Cheek Joanna , Kealy David , Joyce Anthony , Ogrodniczuk John
Published: June 2018

Aim of the study

Background: Narcissistic personality disorder is the subject of increasing attention in the literature. However, there remains a relative absence of empirical work that has examined narcissism in clinical samples, especially efforts to replicate previous findings. Findings from a previous large-scale study [1] suggest that narcissism is associated with considerable interpersonal impairment.
Aims: The objective of the present study was to replicate the findings of Ogrodniczuk and colleagues in an independent sample of psychiatric outpatients.

Subject or material and methods

Method: Consecutively admitted patients (N=53) to a day treatment program completed measures of narcissism, interpersonal problems, and general psychiatric distress. The association between narcissism and interpersonal impairment at baseline and post-therapy was examined. The relation of narcissism to treatment discharge status was also investigated. Partial correlation analyses were used.

Results

Results: At baseline, higher levels of narcissism were significantly associated with more interpersonal impairment, particularly characterized by domineering, vindictive, and overly nurturing behaviour. Baseline narcissism was also significantly related to interpersonal impairment at post-therapy. Change in interpersonal difficulties following treatment was not significantly associated with baseline narcissism. Treatment discharge status also was unrelated to narcissism.

Discussion

Implications for further treatment and clinical considerations are discussed.

Conclusions

Conclusions: The findings largely replicate those of Ogrodniczuk and colleagues’ earlier study, underscoring prominent interpersonal impairment associated with narcissism and supporting the notion of narcissistic personality disorder as a valid clinical construct.
Aktor w roli tłumacza: Jerzy Radziwiłowicz i Jacek Poniedziałek
Authors: Niziołek Renata
Published: June 2018

Actor as Translator: Jerzy Radziwiłowicz and Jacek Poniedziałek In the history of Polish theater, there are instances when the dramatic text was translated either by the director himself preparing the staging (Korzeniewski) or by a translator closely cooperating with the director (Słomczyński – Swinarski, Kamiński – Seweryn). The last two decades is the time of “birth” of a new figure of an interpreter – an actor who translates. The first actor to translate the plays in which he played was Jerzy Radziwiłowicz. The second is Jacek Poniedziałek. Both argued that the actor “feels” the text the best, has an ear for the stage and the ability to match statements to specific stage situations. This article is an attempt to show the results of the work of both actors acting as translators based on the Polish translations of Fausse suivante ou le Fourbe puni by Marivaux and Angels in America by Tony Kushner.
Nursery group celebrates 15 Years
Authors: Johnson Jennie , Tanuku Purnima
Published: June 2018

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Courses need development focus
Authors: Dean Louise
Published: June 2018

Child development is the bread and butter of our early years practice but whatever happened to its primary place of importance in our own education, whether at degree level or in training placements?
Prescribing laws mark new era for paramedic profession
Authors: Quaile Alistair
Published: June 2018

In this article, Alistair Quaile discusses the steps up until now that have been taken to achieve independent paramedic prescribing and explores the impact this ability may have on improving the quality of patient care.
Hand hygiene compliance in the pre-hospital setting
Authors: Aziz Ann-Marie
Published: June 2018

Health professionals' compliance with hand hygiene remains a universal problem in health care. While poor hand hygiene is prevalent in the inpatient and hospital environments, these behaviours are also similar among emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. Studies in infection prevention and control practices and knowledge of transmission of the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms within the EMS have highlighted sub-optimal standards and a need for improvement. This article discusses the different products, procedures and strategies available to improve hand hygiene compliance in the EMS, and how applying learning theories to understand and improve behaviour can also be incorporated into the crusade to improve hand hygiene.
Working with them all
Authors: Daubney Ellie
Published: June 2018

In this instalment of our student column, Ellie Daubney explains the benefits of working with a variety of clinicians while on placement and how this has helped shape her professional goals.
Time to train
Authors: Walsh U , Rashid S , Bokhari S , Gould S , Watfah J , Qurashi K , Sen M , Liasis L
Published: June 2018

The impact of the introduction of an additional NCEPOD role on trainee index procedure numbers within a dedicated emergency surgery unit.
A guide to eyes: ophthalmic simulators
Authors: Radia M , Arunakirinathan M , Sibley D
Published: June 2018

How computer-based surgical simulation can supplement textbooks, videos and wet-lab experience in surgical training.
The lesser-spotted pregnant surgeon
Authors: Hamilton LC
Published: June 2018

What to expect when a surgeon’s expecting.
Diasporas and the role of social media on militant/political activities: The Basque diaspora in Argentina in the spotlight
Authors: Tsavkko Garcia Raphael
Published: June 2018

The role of politically motivated and engaged diasporas go beyond the mere reinforcement of state nationalism or states itself, but also promotes and supports sub-national/sub-state ethnic groups’ agendas, both reinforcing and weakening states’ nationalist agendas. Sub-national/sub-state political groups, such as of Kurds, Uyghur, Tamil minorities, among others, tend, in many cases, to find support over its diaspora to advance a specific political agenda (such as greater autonomy, independence, etc). Also, such groups and related diasporas appropriate the Internet as a tool for political engagement, communication, financing, lobby and even moral support. In this article, I seek to understand and conceptualize such appropriation(s) having the Basque case (focusing on its diaspora in Argentina) as the main object of analysis.
Taboos, traditional practices and beliefs affecting pregnancy and childbirth in Ohangwena, Oshana and Oshikoto Region: University of Namibia fourth year nursing studentsâ€™ rural placement experience of 2016, Oshakati campus, Namibia
Authors: Mulenga Ester , Aisheoiwa David Sabina , Ndahambelela Pinehas Lucia
Published: June 2018

Traditional beliefs and practices can influence the health of the people. The purpose of this article was to describe taboos and traditional practices related to pregnancy and childbirth. There was no actual research done, but taboos and traditional practices were identified during rural placement of nursing students in rural health facilities. The results indicated that there are different taboos and traditional practices related to pregnancy and childbirth, some of them are beneficial and others are detrimental to the health of the mother and the baby. In conclusion, there is a need for health care providers to strengthen health education on the importance of diet and also to educate mothers and community members on the taboos which have negative effect on the mother and babies.Â
Equation of state and some other properties of rock-salt AlN
Authors: Daoud Salah , Mezouar Rabie , Benmakhlouf Abdelfateh
Published: June 2018

The object of the present work is to study the equation of state (EOS) and the temperature dependence of the vibrational constant pressure heat capacity, the adiabatic bulk modulus Bs and the pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus of cubic rock-salt Aluminum nitride under high pressure up to 100 GPa. In addition, the isothermal bulk modulus and the Debye temperature Î¸D versus pressure at 1800 K are presented. Some structural and thermophysical properties used here are taken from our previous paper published in J. Electron. Mater. (2018) DOI: 10.1007/s11664-018-6169-x. The results obtained are analyzed and compared with other data of the literature.Â Â
Protective effects of Syzygium aromaticum oil (Clove) against acrylamide induced hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in rats
Authors: Elkomy Ashraf , Aboubakr Mohamed , Ibrahim Samar , Abdelhamid Yasmine
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of clove oil against acrylamide induced oxidative damage and impairment of liver, kidney, and testicular functions in albino rats. The apparent oxidative damage was associated with evident hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction, which was confirmed in histopathological lesions, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Acrylamide decreased serum total protein and albumin contents; increased urea and creatinine contents. Acrylamide also reduced testosterone concentration. Treatment of acrylamide intoxicated rats with clove oil minimized liver, kidney, and testicular histopathological changes and normalized their functions. Our findings demonstrate that acrylamide is not only associated with hepatotoxicity but also nephrotoxicity and testicular toxicity. Clove oil administration provided substantial organ protection against hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction induced by acrylamide, which was possibly mediated through their antioxidant activities.Â Â Â
Exploring the Potential of Free Cargo-Bikesharing for Sustainable Mobility
Authors: Becker Sophia , Rudolf Clemens
Published: June 2018

How can cities solve the pressing environmental problems caused by the excessive use of private cars? By creating Free Cargo-Bikesharing systems, citizens are taking forward the transition to sustainable transportation systems.Shifting user behavior from private car use to
low-carbon mobility routines is a crucial factor in the transition to sustainable cities. A cooperative network of 46 Free Cargo-Bikesharing operators (Freie Lastenräder) with 9,750 registered users has grown rapidly within the last four years in Germany and Austria. However,
little is known about the characteristics and usage behavior of these early adopters. Moreover, we still lack even a rough estimate of the ecological impact of cargo-bikesharing. In order to address these questions, we co-created an empirical survey among users (n = 931) in a transdisciplinary
cooperation with 30 Free Cargo-Bikesharing operators. Results show that 46 percent of respondents maintain that they would have made the trip by car in the absence of a cargo-bike-sharing operator, indicating the high potential of cargo-bikesharing to reduce car usage. We recommend
that municipal policymakers support cargo-bikesharing in two ways: 1. by complementing existing bikesharing systems with cargo bikes, and 2. by supporting local initiatives for citizen engagement in cargo-bikesharing.
Gesellschaftliche Transformation - welche Rolle(n) für den Staat?
Authors: Bornemann Basil , Ejderyan Olivier , Stauffacher Michael , Wäger Patrick
Published: June 2018

Bei der saguf-Jahrestagung 2017 wurde über die Rolle(n) des Staats für die gesellschaftliche Transformation diskutiert: Wie kann und soll der Staat auf gesellschaftliche Transformationen einwirken?
Fostering Higher Education for Sustainability-Driven Entrepreneurship: The CASE Knowledge Platform
Authors: Ambros Michael , Biberhofer Petra
Published: June 2018

New ways of teaching and learning as well as close cooperation between universities, business and organized civil society are needed to promote sustainable socio-economic development. In the project Competencies for a Sustainable Socio-Economic Development (CASE), members of
the Alliance of Sustainable Universities in Austria have set up a knowledge platform to foster sustainability-driven entrepreneurship education.
Transformative Wissenschaft als honest broker? Das passt!
Authors: Grunwald Armin
Published: June 2018

Reaktion auf S.Strunz, E.Gawel in GAIA 26/4 (2017): Transformative Wissenschaft ‐ eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme der Debatte
Neue Chancen für nachhaltige Arbeitsgestaltung; Wie Arbeitnehmer(innen) Nachhaltigkeit im Betrieb vorantreiben können
Authors: Becke Guido , Warsewa Günter
Published: June 2018

Einstellungen zur Arbeit haben sich grundlegend gewandelt: Beschäftigte fragen zunehmend, ob das, was sie herstellen und wie sie es herstellen, der Gesellschaft und der Umwelt nützt oder schadet. Unternehmen sind dadurch gefordert, die Wünsche ihrer Arbeitnehmer(innen)
in betriebliche Prozesse und Strategien zu integrieren, damit sie als Arbeitgeber attraktiv bleiben. Für Beschäftigte erhöhen sich dadurch die Chancen, betriebliche Strukturen und Arbeitsprozesse umwelt- und sozialverträglicher zu gestalten.
AB 54+04, Mycenaean te-pa, alphabetic Greek τήβεννα, Latin toga: semantic remarks and possible Near East parallels
Authors: Pierini Rachele
Published: June 2018

Fabrics referred to by Linear A ligature AB 54+04, Mycenaean te-pa, alphabetic Greek τήβεννα, and Latin toga are likely to indicate different objects. However, a contextual analysis of these terms highlights that they show considerable similarities, such as the raw material employed (wool) and the huge quantity of product used for their manufacture. Given that it is already well known that τήβεννα is the Greek word used to refer to Latin toga, this paper will present further arguments to extend such a comparison, but this time on semantic grounds, to Mycenaean te-pa and, possibly, also to AB 54+04. Moreover, it will be argued that Mycenaean te-pa could also find a possible parallel in an Eastern term referring to a fabric or a garment.
Maternal body height is a stronger predictor of birth weight than ethnicity: analysis of birth weight percentile charts
Authors: Rochow Niels , AlSamnan Malak , So Hon Yiu , Olbertz Dirk , Pelc Anna , Däbritz Jan , Hentschel Roland , Wittwer-Backofen Ursula , Voigt Manfred
Published: June 2018

Background

Anthropometric parameters such as birth weight (BW) and adult body height vary between ethnic groups. Ethnic-specific percentile charts are currently being used for the assessment of newborns. However, due to globalization and interethnic families, it is unclear which charts should be used. A correlation between a mother’s height and her child’s BW (1 cm accounts for a 17 g increase in BW) has been observed. The study aims to test differences in small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) rates, employing BW percentile charts based on maternal height between ethnic groups.

Methods

This retrospective study of 2.3 million mother/newborn pairs analyzed BW, gestational age, sex, maternal height and ethnicity from the German perinatal survey (1995–2000). These data were stratified for maternal height (≤157, 158–163, 164–169, 170–175, ≥176 cm) and region of origin (Germany, Central and Northern Europe, North America, Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Middle East and North Africa, and Asia excluding Middle East). Percentile charts were calculated for each maternal height group.

Results

The average BW and maternal height differ significantly between ethnic groups. On current percentile charts, newborns of taller mothers (≥176 cm) have a low rate of SGA and a high rate of LGA, whereas newborns of shorter mothers (≤157 cm) have a high rate of SGA and a low rate of LGA. When the BW data are stratified based on the maternal height, mothers of similar height from different ethnic groups show similar average BWs, SGA and LGA rates.

Conclusion

Maternal body height has a greater influence on BW than maternal ethnicity. The use of BW percentile charts for maternal height should be considered.
Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP): pre-cesarean amnion drainage to facilitate exteriorization of the gravid uterus through a transverse skin incision
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Weizsäcker Katharina , Muallem Mustafa Zelal , Tillinger Janina , Hinkson Larry , Chantraine Frederic , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

The number of pregnant women with abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) including clinical relevant placenta increta and percreta has markedly increased with a reported incidence of as high as one in 731, By 2020 in the United States, there will be an estimated 4504 new cases of AIP and 130 AIP-associated maternal deaths annually. The preoperative diagnosis and operative management of AIP is challenging. In a planned cesarean delivery, a vertical lower abdominal skin incision is widely used in order to have enough space to perform a hysterotomy above the cranial edge of the placenta to avoid significant fetal and/or maternal hemorrhage. We have used preoperative drainage of the amniotic fluid after epidural anesthesia and immediately before a planned cesarean delivery through a transverse skin incision in five patients with AIP of the anterior uterine wall. With less uterine volume, exteriorization of the gravid uterus is easily performed through a transverse laparotomy. The combination of amnion drainage, transverse laparotomy and exteriorization of the gravid uterus facilitates identification of the exact site of placental implantation, provides adequate space for performing fundal or high anterior or even posterior uterine wall incisions and to deliver the fetus safely while minimizing the risk of placental separation and subsequent uncontrolled blood loss. Furthermore, this technique provides the chance to leave the untouched placenta in situ or to remove the placenta in toto with a uterine wall segment.
Mapping Law and Development from African Perspectives: An Overview
Authors: Ordor Ada , Ismail Faizel
Published: June 2018

This piece provides an insight into various contributions made by participants at the Law and Development Conference 2017. Participants converged in Cape Town, South Africa in September 2017 from institutions in different parts of Africa, as well as from other continents to deliberate on the theme of law and development from African perspectives. Over six panels of presentations, contributors wove a collective tapestry of reflections, critiques, debates and ideas showing the intersectionality of different fields of law in constructing, shaping and re-defining multiple development pathways for various constituencies. These discourses present a matrix of needful conditions, content and uses of law for its optimal application to development processes in and for the continent of Africa.
On reductionism in communication studies
Authors: Boruszewski Jarosław
Published: June 2018

In contemporary philosophy of communication we have two competing views on communication. In short they are called message-centred and meaning-centred. The first one is described as reductionist because it reduces communication to transmission of information. In the article a distinction has been made between a purely transmissional approach, which does not have a reductionist character and the reductionist account, which in an unjustified manner, conflates the transmission problem with semantic issues. For this purpose, the concept of levels of analysis and considerations concerning a conduit metaphor were used. Given the limited application of the reductionist approach in communication studies, in the last section of the article an integration approach is proposed. Such an approach, while avoiding conflation of levels, allows for their combining and finding connections between them.
Husserl’s phenomenological-communicative project
Authors: Gilicka Magdalena
Published: June 2018

This paper aims to present the phenomenological method in the perspective of the philosophy of communication, without depriving the latter of the great importance, in Husserl’s works. The first part of this paper presents the ideas contained inIdee II…, including also the study of communication and agreement for the mutual exchange of experiences. The second part of this paper is the analysis of the arguments about the intersubjectivity, formulated by Husserl inMedytacje kartezjańskie. The last part presents the late period of Husserl’s works, which did not weaken his communicative analyses. This paper shows the peculiar evolution the German thinker’s views, which partially explains the doubts about the fundaments of the phenomenological method.
What is the “reflexive historicizing of communication”? A philosophical approach
Authors: Wendland Michał
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article is to interpret the term the “reflexive historicizing of communication” used by the editors of theHandbook of Communication Historypublished in 2013. In the preface and in the first chapter, the editors introduce the above-mentioned concept, postulating that it is associated with the most important among several possible trends in communication history. Reflexive historicizing, as an important and innovative methodological directive, however, is described therein rather laconically. This article contains comments on both historicism and reflexivity. Their genesis is presented as well as their most important interpretations and possible applications in the social sciences. Particular attention is paid to the concept of historicism, since it is charged with numerous controversies and polemics (Karl Popper’s famous criticism). The main purpose of this article is to explain the meaning of historicism (and reflexivity) so as to avoid confusion and over-interpretation in the application of these concepts within communication history.
Protic ionic liquids as catalysts for a three-component coupling/hydroarylation/dehydrogenation tandem reaction
Authors: Muntzeck Maren , Wilhelm René
Published: June 2018

Protic ionic liquids with nitrate anions were used as solvents and catalysts for a three-component oxidative dehydrogenation tandem reaction via the coupling and hydroarylation of benzaldehyde, aniline, and phenylacetylene to a quinoline derivative. The reaction was supported by air and microwave irradiation. The presence of nitrate as counter anion in the protic ionic liquids was essential for the reaction.
Residual Stress Modification and Mechanisms of Bearing Steel with Different Microstructures during Water-Jet Cavitation Peening
Authors: Miao Shan , Ju Dong-Ying , Zhao Hui-Jun
Published: June 2018

Water-jet cavitation peening (WCP) is used to increase the hardness and induce the formation of a compressive residual stress layer on the surface through the shock wave pressure, which is produced by the collapse of small bubbles of a cavitation jet at the surface of materials. In this article, a pressure sensitive paper is applied to determine the pressure field distribution of WCP. WCP is carried out on the bearing steel 100Cr6 with different microstructures, which are heat-treated differently. The hardness, residual stress distribution, and microstructure of bearing steels at the same observation points are compared, respectively, before and after WCP. The research indicates that both the hardness and residual stress are increased with the peening time. It also proves that this method has different strengthening limits for materials with different microstructures because of the different mechanisms of WCP.
Behavioral Phenotyping of an Improved Mouse Model of Phelan–McDermid Syndrome with a Complete Deletion of theShank3Gene
Authors: Drapeau Elodie , Riad Mohammed , Kajiwara Yuji , Buxbaum Joseph D.
Published: June 2018

Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder in which one copy of theSHANK3gene is missing or mutated, leading to a global developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID), and autism. Multiple intragenic promoters and alternatively spliced exons are responsible for the formation of numerous isoforms. Many genetically-modified mouse models of PMS have been generated but most disrupt only some of the isoforms. In contrast, the vast majority of knownSHANK3mutations found in patients involve deletions that disrupt all isoforms. Here, we report the production and thorough behavioral characterization of a new mouse model in which allShank3isoforms are disrupted. Domains and tasks examined in adults included measures of general health, neurological reflexes, motor abilities, sensory reactivity, social behavior, repetitive behaviors, cognition and behavioral inflexibility, and anxiety. Our mice are more severely affected than previously published models. While the deficits were typically more pronounced in homozygotes, an intermediate phenotype was observed for heterozygotes in many paradigms. As in otherShank3mouse models, stereotypies, including increased grooming, were observed. Additionally, sensory alterations were detected in both neonatal and adult mice, and motor behavior was strongly altered, especially in the open field and rotarod locomotor tests. While social behaviors measured with the three-chambered social approach and male-female interaction tests were not strongly impacted, Shank3-deficient mice displayed a strong escape behavior and avoidance of inanimate objects in novel object recognition, repetitive novel object contact, marble burying, and nest building tasks, indicating increased novelty-induced anxiety. Similarly, increased freezing was observed during fear conditioning training and amygdala-dependent cued retrieval. Finally, deficits were observed in both initial training and reversal in the Barnes maze and in contextual fear testing, which are memory tasks involving hippocampal-prefrontal circuits. In contrast, working memory in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test was not altered. This new mouse model of PMS, engineered to most closely represent human mutations, recapitulates core symptoms of PMS providing improvements for both construct and face validity, compared to previous models.
Deforestation, Territorial Conflicts, and Pluralism in the Forests of Eastern Panama: A Place for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation?
Authors: Mateo-Vega Javier , Spalding Ana K. , Hickey Gordon M. , Potvin Catherine
Published: June 2018

Deforestation is a primary contributor to global climate change. When the forest is felled and the vegetation is burnt or decomposes, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is released into the atmosphere. An approach designed to stem climate change is Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), a global financial mechanism that requires intricate governance requirements to be met—a significant challenge in the developing areas. In Panama, the government is responsible for designing and implementing a national REDD+ strategy with support from multilateral organizations. This case study is built through the experience of a public hearing on the potential implementation of REDD+ in the highly contested Upper Bayano Watershed in eastern Panama. The Upper Bayano Watershed is composed of vast and diverse forest ecosystems. It forms a part of the Choco-Darien ecoregion, a global biodiversity hotspot, and is home to two Indigenous groups (Kuna and Embera) and populations of migrant farmers (colonos), all with different histories, traditions, and worldviews concerning forests and land management, often resulting in territorial conflicts. A major socioecological issue facing the region is deforestation, which is driving biodiversity loss and landscape change and threatening traditional livelihoods and cultures. The public hearing stimulates difficult discussions about access to land, tenure security, biodiversity conservation, poverty reduction, identity, power, trade-offs, and social justice. The case is designed to confront participants with the challenges of implementing ambitious, international, and often-prescriptive natural resource policies at local levels.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND EXTENDING THE SHELF LIFE OF CHILLED FRESH SAUSAGES USING NATURAL ADDITIVES AND THEIR EXTRACTS
Authors: Ali Fatma , Abdel-Atty Nasser , Helmy Esraa
Published: June 2018

Natural additives are very important additives that can improve the oxidative and bacterial quality of meat products. Therefore, the main goal of the current study was to include green tea, clove and their extracts as well as fresh garlic and garlic powder during formulation of fresh sausages to improve the physico-chemical, sensory and bacterial quality of this product. Seven formulas were prepared; the 1st one was prepared from base batter and used as control and six formulas were prepared by addition of green tea powder 0.5%, green tea extract 0.03 %, clove powder 0.5 % clove extract 0.5%, fresh garlic 3 % and garlic powder 0.9 %. All formulas were processed into fresh sausages and chilled stored until appearance of signs of spoilage. Chilled sausages were examined for pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total volatile base nitrogen, bacterial counts and sensory attributes. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in pH, TVB-N, TBARS and mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts were observed in all formulas treated with all natural additives. The sensory attributes of all formula treated with natural additives were acceptable. Green tea powder and clove powder were superior to their extracts as antioxidant and antibacterial agents and for extending the shelf life of fresh sausage. Moreover, fresh garlic was superior to garlic powder as antioxidant and antibacterial agents and for extending the shelf life of fresh sausage. Therefore, these natural additives can be safely used by meat processors to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of meat products.
Aportes del Hospital San Juan de Dios a la medicina y a la educación
Authors: García-Ubaque Juan Carlos , Sastre-Cifuentes Raul Esteban , Becerra-Peñaranda Laura Sorangel
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El estudio de las contribuciones académicas y científicas del Conjunto Hospitalario San Juan de Dios (CHSJD) —Hospital San Juan de Dios, Instituto Materno Infantil e Instituto de Inmunología— durante el siglo XX es una base conceptual importante para impulsar el desarrollo de los hospitales universitarios en el país y el continente Objetivo. Presentar los aportes que el CHSJD ha traído a los distintos campos de la medicina, al desarrollo de la educación médica y a la construcción de escuela.Materiales y métodos. Se efectúa un análisis descriptivo, de corte cualitativo, centrado en los principales hitos ocurridos en el CHSJD entre 1866 y el momento de la suspensión de actividades. Se hace consulta de informadores clave, encuesta electrónica y revisión documental.Resultados. Gracias a su asociación con las diferentes facultades de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el San Juan de Dios ha sido el hospital universitario pionero en Colombia. Sus múltiples aportes en diferentes disciplinas continúan vigentes y permiten que, a pesar de su cese de funciones, siga siendo reconocido como una de las fuentes más grandes de conocimiento científico del país.Conclusión. En el desarrollo de los hospitales universitarios, resulta esencial que el personal científico-docente asuma el reto de implementar y desarrollar innovaciones orientadas a la solución de los retos en salud.
Efecto de las actividades antrópicas sobre las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del río Bogotá a lo largo del municipio de Villapinzón, Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Martínez Jaime Alberto , Granada-Torres Carlos Arturo
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El río Bogotá es uno de los más contaminados del mundo; esto es debido, en gran medida, al vertimiento directo de aguas residuales domésticas e industriales sin ningún tratamiento a lo largo de los municipios que atraviesa, incluido Bogotá D.C.Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las actividades antrópicas del municipio de Villapinzón, Colombia, sobre las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del río Bogotá.Materiales y métodos. Se midieron 26 variables fisicoquímicas y 4 microbiológicas en nueve estaciones de la parte alta del río Bogotá. Las variables químicas incluyeron cromo, plomo y mercurio y las microbiológicas Escherichia Coli, coliformes totales, Enterococcus faecalis y Pseudomona aeruginosa.Resultados. En todas las estaciones las variables microbiológicas presentan valores por encima del nivel saludable. La concentración de cromo total en la zona de influencia de las curtiembres supera el nivel máximo que tiene efecto adverso sobre la salud humana.Conclusiones. Se encontró un deterioro progresivo de la calidad del agua del río Bogotá, lo cual es ocasionado por las actividades antrópicas que se realizan en Villapinzón; es posible que esta sea la causa de la alta prevalencia de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias del sistema digestivo en niños menores de 5 años del municipio.
Actualización en enfermedad renal poliquística
Authors: Montaña Andrea , Patiño Nasly , Larrate Carolina , Zambrano Fanny Andrea , Martínez Jaime , Lozano Harvey , Lozano Eyner
Published: June 2018

Introducción. La enfermedad renal poliquística (PKD, por su sigla en inglés) es una enfermedad genética frecuente en la que se desarrollan de forma progresiva lesiones quísticas que reemplazan el parénquima renal. Es una causa de insuficiencia renal terminal y una indicación común para diálisis y trasplante renal. Existen dos presentaciones de esta enfermedad que se distinguen por sus patrones de herencia: la enfermedad renal poliquística dominante (ADPKD, por su sigla en inglés) y la enfermedad renal poliquística recesiva (ARPKD, por su sigla en inglés).Objetivo. Resumir los aspectos más relevantes de la enfermedad renal: epidemiología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico, manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento y pronóstico.Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs, UptoDate y Medline con los siguientes términos: enfermedades renales poliquísticas, riñón poliquístico autosómico dominante y riñón poliquístico autosómico recesivo.Resultados. Se encontraron 271 artículos y se escogieron 64 con base en su importancia.Conclusiones. Todo paciente con enfermedad renal poliquística en insuficiencia renal grado V debe ser estudiado para un trasplante renal; en la gran mayoría de los casos no se encontrará contraindicación para realizarlo.
Política y práctica: servicios de fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional para la primera infancia colombiana
Authors: Moreno-Chaparro Jaime , Calderón-Calvo Alejandro , Cubillos-Mesa Cristian , Moreno-Angarita Marisol
Published: June 2018

La fonoaudiología y la terapia ocupacional son profesiones que, dentro de la extensión de sus campos de acción, deben velar por el adecuado desarrollo de los niños en el contexto cotidiano, promoviendo así habilidades y capacidades vitales para el crecimiento integral. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente texto es reflexionar acerca del rol profesional y los respectivos servicios que pueden ofrecer estas disciplinas en el marco de la estrategia “De Cero a Siempre” y la promulgación de la Ley 1804 de 2016 para la primera infancia. Esta reflexión se nutre de las políticas, lineamientos y programas nacionales e internacionales del período 2005-2016 y plantea un análisis crítico sobre las acciones, las funciones y el rol de estas profesiones, con énfasis particular en la atención primaria en salud.
Uso de test dual en ancianos institucionalizados con diferentes niveles de deterioro cognitivo. Estudio transversal
Authors: Valenza Marie Carmen , Ariza-Mateos María José , Ortiz-Rubio Araceli , Casilda-López Jesús , Romero-Fernández Ramón , Moreno-Ramírez María Paz Auxiliadora
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El envejecimiento se ha relacionado con una mayor prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo. Las personas mayores con pérdida de funciones cognitivas presentan elevadas tasas de caídas. El desarrollo de las actividades de la vida diaria engloba dos o más tareas, siendo necesarios componentes cognitivos y motores.Objetivo. Analizar el rendimiento en pruebas sencillas y duales de sujetos en entorno residencial con diferentes grados de deterioro cognitivo.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal en ancianos institucionalizados >65 años (n=80). Se evaluó el deterioro cognitivo con el Mini-Mental State Examination y se solicitó a los participantes realizar una tarea simple y dual en las pruebas Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) y Timed Up and Go (TUG).Resultados. Se distribuyeron los participantes en tres grupos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos con deterioro cognitivo y el grupo sin deterioro cognitivo para las pruebas 6MWT (p<0.05) y TUG (p<0.05), tanto en la tarea simple como en la tarea dual. Un peor rendimiento se asoció con una menor capacidad cognitiva.Conclusión. La severidad del deterioro cognitivo se encuentra relacionada con el desempeño en las tareas duales.
A longitudinal study on stress sources perceived by Chilean dental students
Authors: Fonseca-Molina Juan , Torres-Martínez Pilar Alejandra , Barrios-Penna Carolina Alejandra , Calbacho-Contreras Valentina , Aguirre-Bustamante Javiera Paz , Fernández-Sagredo Marcelo , Diaz-Narváez Víctor Patricio
Published: June 2018

Introducción. La percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el estrés académico es fundamental, ya que proporciona información valiosa sobre la eficiencia y aceptabilidad de los métodos educativos.Objetivo. Evaluar las diferencias en los factores de estrés percibidos por los estudiantes de primer año de odontología durante el primer y segundo semestre según género.Materiales y método. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, longitudinal y no experimental. En mayo y octubre de 2016 se aplicó la versión en español del Dental Environment Stressors (DES), adaptado y validado para estudiantes de odontología en la Universidad San Sebastián (Concepción, Chile). La muestra consistió en 83 estudiantes de primer año. La comparación de las variables en estudio (stress y sus dimensiones) entre los dos períodos comparados, en general y considerando los géneros, se realizaron mediante la prueba t-Student, previa estimación de existencia o no de igualdad de varianzas entre los grupos mediante la prueba F de Fisher.Resultados. En la segunda medición, la dimensión “Formación clínica” en mujeres fue el único componente que mostró diferencias significativas con valores superiores de la media.Conclusión. Existe una percepción de estrés para todos los ítems del cuestionario DES; las mujeres tuvieron una mayor puntuación en la dimensión “Formación clínica”.
Los epónimos en las ciencias médicas: errores históricos que originan injusticias
Authors: Duque-Parra Jorge Eduardo , Barco-Ríos John , Dávila-Alzate Natalia
Published: June 2018

Introducción: A lo largo del tiempo, en las ciencias médicas se han usado epónimos para designar estructuras anatómicas aunque no proporcionan ninguna información descriptiva ni funcional, lo que equivale a un desatino en la lógica del pensamiento actual. Se usan incluso dobles y triples epónimos para nombrar una misma estructura, lo que crea una confusión que hace pensar que su descubrimiento o descripción fue realizada por varios personajes al mismo tiempo. Pese a que los epónimos fueron abolidos de la Terminología anatómica desde hace más de ocho décadas y generan problemas en la comunicación y en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, los profesionales de las ciencias médicas los siguen empleando.Objetivo: Analizar, mediante algunos ejemplos, la asignación arbitraria de epónimos en el campo morfológico que han llevado a errores históricos y los han perpetuado.Conclusión: La adjudicación de un epónimo para una estructura anatómica puede no reflejar la verdad sobre quién la descubrió y obedecer a factores arbitrarios que causan errores históricos e injusticias; además, su uso entorpece la comunicación entre los profesionales de la salud y dificulta el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.