bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Links between celiac disease and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Ayesha , Thite Parag , Hansen Teressa , Kendall Bradley J , Sanders David S , Morrison Mark , Jones Michael P , Holtmann Gerald
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

Symptoms of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and celiac disease (CeD) often overlap, and studies suggest a link between SIBO and CeD. We thus conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare SIBO prevalence in CeD patients and controls and assessed effects of antimicrobial therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms in SIBO positive CeD patients.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched until February 2022 for studies reporting SIBO prevalence in CeD. Prevalence rates, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SIBO in CeD and controls were calculated.

Results

We included 14 studies, with 742 CeD patients and 178 controls. The pooled prevalence of SIBO in CeD was 18.3% (95% CI: 11.4–28.1), with substantial heterogeneity. Including case–control studies with healthy controls, SIBO prevalence in CeD patients was significantly increased (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 2.1–12.4, P = 0.0001), with minimal heterogeneity. Utilizing breath tests, SIBO prevalence in CeD patients was 20.8% (95% CI: 11.9–33.7), almost two‐fold higher compared with culture‐based methods at 12.6% (95% CI: 5.1–28.0), with substantial heterogeneity in both analyses. SIBO prevalence in CeD patients nonresponsive to a gluten free diet (GFD) was not statistically higher as compared with those responsive to GFD (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 0.4–5.0, P = 0.511). Antibiotic therapy of SIBO positive CeD patients resulted in improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms in 95.6% (95% CI: 78.0–99.9) and normalization of breath tests.

Conclusions

This study suggests a link between SIBO and CeD. While SIBO could explain nonresponse to a GFD in CeD, SIBO prevalence is not statistically higher in CeD patients non‐responsive to GFD. The overall quality of the evidence is low, mainly due to substantial “clinical heterogeneity” and the limited sensitivity/specificity of the available diagnostic tests.
Indication of emergency colonoscopy after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A proposal of hematochezia scale
Authors: Tani Yasuhiro , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeuchi Yoji , Okubo Yuki , Kawakami Yushi , Sakurai Hirohisa , Nakamura Takahiko , Matsueda Katsunori , Miyake Muneaki , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Yamamoto Sachiko , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Michida Tomoki , Ishihara Ryu
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

Hematochezia is a major adverse event associated with colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). This study aimed to distinguish between hematochezia that required endoscopic hemostasis and hematochezia that required no hemostasis.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent ESD for colorectal tumors at the Osaka International Cancer Institute between September 2017 and August 2020. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with coexisting advanced colorectal cancers or inflammatory bowel diseases, patients who received incomplete ESD or emergency surgery, or patients who underwent ESD for multiple lesions. We evaluated whether the patients had hematochezia and underwent emergency colonoscopy and hemostasis during hospitalization. The degree of hematochezia in the saved photographs was assessed using the hematochezia scale and classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Blood pressure, heart rate, time from ESD to first hematochezia, and total number of hematochezia episodes were also evaluated.

Results

Among the 437 patients who underwent ESD, 44 were excluded, and 393 patients were evaluated. Hematochezia was observed in 100 patients (25%). Emergency colonoscopy was performed in 12 patients (3%), and hemostasis was required in six patients (2%). For patients with hematochezia, only mild hematochezia and hematochezia that developed ≤ 48 h after ESD were significantly associated with no intervention for hemostasis. The positive predictive value for no intervention for hemostasis was 100% (93–100%) for mild hematochezia and 98% (93–100%) for hematochezia ≤ 48 h.

Conclusions

Mild hematochezia and hematochezia ≤ 48 h were negative predictors of hemostasis, in which emergency colonoscopy may be avoided.
Cognitive impairment, age, quality of life, and treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation in older adults: The SAGE‐AF study
Authors: Karnik Ankur A. , Saczynski Jane S. , Chung Joseph J. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Bamgbade Benita A. , Paul Tenes J. , Lessard Darleen M. , McManus David D. , Helm Robert H.
Published: June 2022

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment includes anticoagulation for high stroke risk individuals and either rate or rhythm control strategies. We aimed to investigate the impact of age, geriatric factors, and medical comorbidities on choice of rhythm versus rate control strategy in older adults.

Methods

Patients with AF aged ≥65 years with CHA2DS2VASc score ≥2 and eligible for anticoagulation were recruited for the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements‐AF (SAGE‐AF) prospective cohort study. An interview that included measures of HRQoL, cognitive function, vision, hearing, and frailty was performed. The association between these elements and AF treatment strategy was examined by multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

One thousand two hundred forty‐four participants (mean age 76 years; 49% female; 85% non‐Hispanic white) were enrolled. Rate and rhythm control were used in 534 and 710 participants, respectively. Compared to participants <75 years, those ≥75 were more likely to be treated with a rate control strategy (age 75–84 adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.37 [95% CI 0.99, 1.88]; age 85+ aOR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.30, 3.21). Those treated with a rate control strategy were more likely to have cognitive impairment (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13, 1.99), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.22, 2.72) but less likely to have visual impairment (aOR 0.73 [0.55, 0.98]), congestive heart failure (CHF; aOR 0.68 [0.49, 0.94]) or receive anticoagulation (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36, 0.78).

Conclusion

Older age, cognitive impairment, and PVD were associated with use of rate control strategy. Visual impairment, CHF, and anticoagulation use were associated with a rhythm control strategy. There was no difference in HRQoL between the rate and rhythm control groups. This study suggests that certain geriatric elements may be associated with AF treatment strategies. Further study is needed to evaluate how these decisions affect outcomes.
British Dietetic Association consensus guidelines on the nutritional assessment and dietary management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lomer Miranda C. E. , Wilson Bridgette , Wall Catherine L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite increased awareness of diet and nutrition being integral to the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are gaps in the knowledge of IBD healthcare providers regarding nutrition. Furthermore, high quality evidence on nutritional assessment and dietary management of IBD is limited. A Delphi consensus from a panel of experts allows for best‐practice guidelines to be developed, especially where high quality evidence is limited. The aim was to develop guidelines for the nutritional assessment and dietary management of IBD using an eDelphi online consensus agreement platform.

Methods

Seventeen research topics related to IBD and nutrition were systematically reviewed. Searches in Cochrane, Embase®, Medline® and Scopus® electronic databases were performed. GRADE was used to develop recommendations. Experts from the IBD community (healthcare professionals and patients with IBD) were invited to vote anonymously on the recommendations in a custom‐built online platform. Three rounds of voting were carried out with updated iterations of the recommendations and evaluative text based on feedback from the previous round.

Results

From 23,824 non‐duplicated papers, 167 were critically appraised. Fifty‐five participants completed three rounds of voting and 14 GRADE statements and 42 practice statements achieved 80% consensus. Comprehensive guidance related to nutrition assessment, nutrition screening and dietary management is provided.

Conclusions

Guidelines on the nutritional assessment and dietary management of IBD have been developed using evidence‐based consensus to improve equality of care. The statements and practice statements developed demonstrate the level of agreement and the quality and strength of the guidelines.
Field‐based versus laboratory‐based estimates of muscle quality index in adolescents with and without Down syndrome
Authors: Melo G. L. R. , Moraes M. R. , Nascimento E. F. , Boato E. M. , Beal F. L. R. , Stone W. , da Cunha Nascimento D.
Published: June 2022

Background

Low muscle quality index (MQI) is a potential risk of developing functional impairments in older people. However, considering that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present with a faster decline in biological aging, an investigation on MQI in individuals with DS is necessary. The aims of this present cross‐sectional study were to compare (1) MQI between adolescents with and without DS and (2) evaluate laboratory versus field‐based estimates of MQI.

Methods

Fifty‐six adolescents were recruited and separated into two groups: DS (n = 30, 13 boys and 17 girls; age: 12.38 ± 3.07 years) and a control (non‐DS; n = 26, 9 boys and 17 girls; age: 12.46 ± 2.88 years). Laboratory MQI was derived from the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle mass (in kg) measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Field‐based MQI was quantified from the ratio of hand grip strength (HGS) to body mass index (BMI). For statistical analyses, a two‐way ANOVA was conducted for group comparisons, and a Pearson correlation was used to test the association between field MQI and laboratory MQI.

Results

Adolescents with DS displayed lower field (P = 0.001), laboratory MQI estimates (P = 0.001) and HGS (P = 0.001) as compared non‐DS. Also, there was a strong correlation effect between field MQI and laboratory MQI estimates (P < 0.001, R = 0.81).

Conclusion

Adolescents with DS have lower field and laboratory MQI compared with adolescents without DS. Simpler field MQI might be used in daily clinical practice, with special attention to those with DS.
Living with parental mental illness is like a roller coaster: Reflections on children's lifeworld in the family setting
Authors: Cudjoe Ebenezer , Tam Cherry Hau Lin , Effah Deborah , Amegashie Elorm Faith , Tweneboah Adjoa Owusu
Published: June 2022

Aims and objectives

To explore what it is like for children in the family setting to live with parental mental illness.

Background

There are reported risks of negative social and behavioural outcomes among children living with parental mental illness such as poor school performance, isolation and poor mental health. There is yet more to know about how children's interactions with significant members of the family shape their experiences.

Design

A phenomenological design following Husserl's concepts of lifeworld and inter‐subjectivity was adapted for the study.

Method

Twenty‐one children (ages 10–17) who lived with a parent with mental illness were interviewed. The data were analysed to attain the essential features of the phenomenon. The study followed the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies.

Findings

The essence of the phenomenon ‘living with parental mental illness’ in the family setting comprises strain, sadness and some happy moments. Living with parental mental illness can produce unpredictable life situations for children as relationships and interactions in the family setting can be chaotic and confusing. The ups and downs define their lifeworld as a roller coaster. Strenuous family environment, sibling interaction, navigating separate living arrangements and there are good days were specific themes that clarified the children's lives as a roller coaster.

Conclusion

A concept called the ‘parent paradox’ is coined to reflect how children are torn between what their living situation looks like comparing the parent with mental illness and the other without mental illness. The paradox is founded on children's loyalty towards their parents.

Relevance to clinical practice

To break the unhealthy cycle created by the parent paradox, mental health nurses should ensure that children are well informed about the parent's mental condition including information about treatment procedures and recovery. Child's psychological distress may be reduced when they are informed.
Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and their association with risk of cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shao Xueting , Yang Xiaole , Liu Ying , Song Qingxia , Pan Xin , Chen Wansu , Jiang Wei , Xu Dan , Song Yuanyuan , Chen Renshou
Published: June 2022

Background

There have been a large number of epidemiologic studies regarding the association between genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and onset of cervical cancer. However, results are inconsistent.

Methods

Articles published before June 2021 and regarding genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and cervical cancer were searched in following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI. With at least three articles for each polymorphism, we made meta‐analysis to compute multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The present study showed significant associations between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms and risk of cervical cancer in Asian, whereas no significant association between them were showed in Caucasian (Asian: GA vs. GG: OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.06–1.52; AA vs. GG: OR = 1.91, 95%CI 1.29–2.83; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.12–1.65; AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.17–2.37; Caucasian: GA vs. GG: OR = 1.08, 95%CI 0.83–1.41; AA vs. GG: OR = 2.18, 95%CI 0.75–6.31; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.23, 95%CI 0.85–1.78; AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 1.70, 95%CI 0.69–4.18). In addition, there were significant associations between ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms and risk of cervical cancer in Asian (AC vs AA: OR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.37–0.75, I2 = 0.0%, p value of Q test = 0.847; AC + CC vs AA: OR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.36–0.70, I2 = 0.0%, p value of Q test = 0.856).

Conclusions

The meta‐analysis showed that there were significant associations between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms and risk of cervical cancer.
Potential and promising marker for serious bacterial infections in children: Delta neutrophil index
Authors: Yigit Metin , Ozkaya‐Parlakay Aslinur , Yilmaz Naci , Akyol Ozhan , Gulhan Belgin , Kanik Yuksek Saliha , Yalcin Burhan Basak , Kilic Enes K , Karagol Cuneyt
Published: June 2022

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of the delta neutrophil index (DNI), an index expressing the number of immature granulocytes as a proportion of the total, as an inflammatory marker in predicting serious bacterial infections (SBIs).

Methods

Paediatric patients admitted to our hospital with fever were divided into four groups: SBI, non‐SBI, COVID‐19 and control group. White blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, C‐reactive protein and the DNI were recorded, and their accuracy in predicting SBI was evaluated.

Results

Mean DNI was 4.96 ± 8.38 in the SBI group (150 patients), 0.67 ± 1.68 in the non‐SBI group (397 patients), 0.29 ± 0.99 in the COVID‐19 group (112 patients) and 0.14 ± 0.21 in the control group (102 patients). The DNI was significantly higher in the SBI group compared with the non‐SBI (P < 0.001); the non‐SBI group also had higher levels than the COVID‐19 group (P = 0.005). One percent increase in the DNI increased the SBI rate 1.36 times (odds ratio 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.23–1.49), P < 0.001). Based on the determined cut‐off value (>2.5%), the DNI (odds ratio 6.27 (95% confidence interval 3.85–10.21), P < 0.001) significantly predicted SBIs with 90.4% specificity and 47.7% sensitivity.

Conclusions

SBIs in childrenare associated with an increase in DNI levels. Compared to other biomarkers, the DNI had higher specificity in predicting SBIs. The DNI may also be usefulin differentiating bacterial and non‐bacterial infections in individualclinical syndromes. Currently, there is no evidence that serum DNI aids indifferentiating COVID‐19 and upper respiratory tract infection.
STRUCTURAL STYLE IN THE SOUTH DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN: COMBINED INFLUENCE OF THE ZAGROS FRONTAL FAULT SYSTEM AND THE DETACHMENT IN THE MIOCENE GACHSARAN FORMATION
Authors: Tavakolian Islam , Yassaghi Ali , Najafi Mahdi
Published: June 2022

Structural decoupling in the Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt, SW Iran, is controlled by the presence of intermediate detachment horizons within the Phanerozoic stratigraphic column such as intervals rich in evaporites. The effectiveness of the detachment horizons varies across the Zagros, and controls the style of folding and therefore the formation of structural traps. In this paper, field mapping, seismic interpretation and well data is used to investigate the complex structural style at six large‐scale anticlines located on either side of the surface trace of the NW‐SE trending Zagros Frontal Fault system in the South Dezful Embayment (Central Zagros). At some of these anticlines, lower – middle Miocene evaporites in the Gachsaran Formation decouple the folded overlying succession from the competent, underlying interval which includes the Asmari Formation reservoir. Anticlines to the northeast of the surface exposure of the fault have undergone four times more shortening than anticlines to the southwest. This localized shortening compared to regional values has resulted in some cases in complex asymmetric folding, and in severe structural decoupling above and below the Gachsaran Formation. However, other anticlines to the NE of the fault which underwent a similar amount of shortening, but in which the thickness of the Gachsaran Formation is reduced and the salt content is lower, show a harmonic style of folding above and below the formation. Thus, the efficiency of the Gachsaran detachment varies throughout the study area and appears to be controlled mainly by the total thickness of the formation, the net thickness of salt‐rich intervals within it, and the amount of structural shortening across the Zagros Frontal Fault system. These observations could be relevant to similar structural domains both in the Zagros and in other fold‐and‐thrust belts where intermediate detachment horizons and regional‐scale faults have together controlled the configuration of folds and structural traps.
Effects of peer‐delivered self‐management, recovery education interventions for individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Peck Celia Kim Huey , Thangavelu Dhivya Prabha , Li Ziqiang , Goh Yong Shian
Published: June 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

The paradigm shifts in the conceptualization of recovery have led to a wide adoption of peer‐delivered self‐management interventions among individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges.

Peers with experiential knowledge on managing their own mental health conditions act as role models for affected individuals.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The meta‐analysis demonstrated significant small‐to‐medium effects favouring such interventions on symptom severity, self‐perceived recovery, hopefulness and empowerment.

What are the implications for practice?

With peer‐delivered self‐management interventions, individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges could self‐direct their care, thus reducing their reliance on service providers.

Individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges equipped to seek their recovery within the community beyond institutional care, regaining independence and gradually reintegrate into society.

Introduction

The shift in mindset within mental health care has led to the adoption of peer‐delivered self‐management interventions in promoting recovery among individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges. However, no reviews have hitherto examined their effectiveness.

Aim

To determine the effectiveness of peer‐delivered self‐management interventions in improving symptom severity, self‐perceived recovery, hopefulness and empowerment.

Method

A search was performed in nine English databases for published studies and grey literature from inception to the 5 January 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was graded with the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. The overall effects were pooled through a meta‐analysis with heterogeneity evaluated via the chi‐square test and I‐square statistics. This review was guided by the PRISMA 2020 statement on transparent reporting of systematic review and meta‐analyses.

Results

Seventeen publications involving 3189 participants were included in this review, and ten were included for the meta‐analysis and accounted for 2725 participants. The meta‐analysis demonstrated significant small‐to‐medium effects favouring such interventions on symptom severity, self‐perceived recovery, hopefulness and empowerment.

Discussion

Peer‐delivered self‐management interventions should be implemented as it is effective in promoting recovery among individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges.

Implications for practice

With peer‐delivered self‐management interventions, individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges could self‐direct their care and reduce their reliance on service providers.
NLRC5modulates bone metabolism and plays a role in periodontitis
Authors: Wang Weiping , Liu Wenyi , Liu Jianru , Lv Peiying , Wang Yixiang , Ouyang Xiangying
Published: June 2022

Introduction

NOD‐like receptor C5 (NLRC5) plays a significant role in the immune system, and is one of the largest members of the pattern recognition receptor family. Previous studies have found that NLRC5 might be involved in the regulation of various diseases, such as fibrotic diseases and cancers; however, its effect on bone metabolism‐related diseases has not been reported.

Methods

Skeletons ofNlrc5−/−mice generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and wild‐type (WT) mice were compared using X‐ray, micro‐computed tomography, double labeling, and histological examination. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and pit‐absorption assays were performed to evaluate the effect of NLRC5 on osteoclasts differentiation and osteoclastic capacity. The influence of NLRC5 on osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation were studied using alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, respectively. Experimental periodontitis was induced byPorphyromonas gingivalisinfection and ligature to investigate the role of NLRC5 in inflammatory periodontal bone loss.

Results

Adenovirus‐mediated NLRC5 overexpression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulated osteogenesis positively.The femoral osteogenesis ability was significantly weakened inNlrc5−/−mice. Histology showed that the area of the femoral trabeculae in theNlrc5−/−mice was less than that in the WT mice, and radiology suggested that theNlrc5−/−mice had fewer trabeculae and a thinner bone cortex than those of the WT mice.Nlrc5knockout decreased osteoblast mineralization and increased osteoclastogenesis in vitro.NLRC5 was downregulated in periodontitis andP. gingivalisinfection. In the experimental periodontitis model, the alveolar bone loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines secretion (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]) in theNlrc5−/−mice were significantly enhanced compared to WT mice.

Conclusion

We verified a novel role of NLRC5 in bone metabolism by regulating both osteoclasts activity and osteoblasts activity. Our results revealed a protective effect of NLRC5 against periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. NLRC5 could be a novel treatment target to prevent periodontal bone destruction.
Lymphadenectomy improves outcome in dogs with resected Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours and overtly metastatic regional lymph nodes
Authors: Chalfon C. , Sabattini S. , Finotello R. , Faroni E. , Guerra D. , Pisoni L. , Ciammaichella L. , Vasconi M. E. , Annoni M. , Marconato L.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Historically, the prognosis for dogs with stage II Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours has been considered poor.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of lymphadenectomy on outcome in dogs with Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours and overt regional lymph node metastasis.

Material and Methods

Data from dogs with completely staged Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours with overt and/or certain regional lymph node metastasis undergoing excision of the primary tumours and adjuvant medical treatment were extracted. Dogs with a cytological diagnosis of regional lymph node metastasis that did not undergo lymphadenectomy were compared with dogs that underwent lymphadenectomy and had a histological diagnosis of overt lymph node metastasis.

Results

Forty‐nine dogs were included, 18 did not undergo lymphadenectomy while 31 underwent lymphadenectomy. Median time to progression was significantly shorter in dogs that did not undergo lymphadenectomy (150 days, 95% confidence interval: 129 to 170) compared to the other dogs (229 days, 95% confidence interval: 191 to 266). Median survival time was also shorter in dogs that did not undergo lymphadenectomy (250 days, 95% confidence interval: 191 to 308) compared to dogs that underwent lymphadenectomy (371 days, 95% confidence interval: 311 to 430). On multivariable analysis, lack of lymphadenectomy was associated with higher risk of overall tumour progression (hazard ratio: 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 4.13), nodal progression (hazard ratio: 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.65 to 7.02) and tumour‐related death (hazard ratio 3.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.72 to 7.66), whereas tumour size was associated with higher risk of local recurrence (hazard ratio: 3.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 13).

Clinical significance

Regional lymphadenectomy may improve outcome in dogs with biologically aggressive cutaneous mast cell tumours.
Demography, disorders and mortality of pet hamsters under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom in 2016
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Kim K. , Brodbelt D. C. , Church D. B. , Pegram C. , Baldrey V.
Published: June 2022

Background

Hamsters are popular pets worldwide but there is limited evidence on the overall health issues of pet hamsters. This study aimed to characterise the demography, disorder prevalence and mortality of pet hamsters in the United Kingdom.

Method

The VetCompass study included anonymised clinical records of 16,605 hamsters.

Results

The most common hamster species were Syrian (golden) (Mesocricetus auratus) (n=12,197, 73.45%), Djungarian (winter white dwarf) (Phodopus sungorus) (2286, 13.77%) and Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) (1054, 6.35%). The most prevalent precise‐level disorders recorded across all hamsters were a presentation categorised as ‘wet tail’ (n=293, 7.33%), disorder undiagnosed (292, 7.30%), bite injuries from other hamsters (235, 5.88%), overgrown nail(s) (165, 4.13%), overgrown incisor(s) (159, 3.98%) and traumatic injury (152, 3.80%). The most prevalent disorders groups across all species of hamster were traumatic injury (n=616, 15.41%), enteropathy (450, 11.26%), ophthalmological disorder (445, 11.13%), skin disorder (362, 9.05%) and mass (361, 9.03%). The median age at death across all hamsters was 1.75 years (interquartile range: 0.83 to 2.20, range: 0.01 to 3.65). The most common causes of death at a precise level were wet tail (7.88%, 95% confidence interval: 6.35 to 9.66), abdominal mass (6.40%, 95% confidence interval: 5.01 to 8.03), neoplasia (5.38%, 95% confidence interval: 4.11 to 6.90) and dyspnoea (3.99%, 95% confidence interval: 2.9 to 5.34).

Conclusion

This study provides veterinary professionals, educators, welfare scientists and owners with an evidence base on pet hamster health. A greater understanding of the common disorders of pet hamsters can support veterinary professionals to communicate more effectively with owners on key issues and outcomes to expect from hamster ownership.
Characterization of rice flour and pastes with different sweeteners for extrusion‐based 3D food printing
Authors: Prithviraj V. , Thangalakshmi S. , Arora Vinkel Kumar , Liu Zhenbin
Published: June 2022

This work aims at investigating the impact of commonly used sweeteners—sugar and jaggery on 3D printability of rice flour (RF) paste. The physicochemical characteristics of rice flour suitable for 3D food printing have been investigated. Three mixes, rice flour with water (M1: RF—50.86%, water—49.14%), rice flour with sugar and water (M2: RF—36.75%, sugar—14.10%, water—49.14%) and rice flour with jaggery and water (M3: RF—36.75%, jaggery—14.10%, water—49.14%) were compared on 3D printability based on visual inspection and properties supporting 3D printability and shape retention. The effect of the three mixes was characterized on color, rheological, thixotropic, and handling properties. Out of the three mixes, M3 is found to have the best printability characteristics with shear thinning behavior, yield stress of 157 Pa, flow stress of 121 Pa, and extrusion force of 6.62 kg.
US anti‐suit injunctions and German anti‐anti‐suit injunctions in SEP disputes
Authors: Hess Felix K.
Published: June 2022

The essay argues that anti‐suit injunctions granted in disputes on standard‐essential patents are inconsistent with the general standards governing anti‐suit injunctions. The section on anti‐suit injunction demonstrates that the case law on anti‐suit injunctions is not comparable to disputes over standard essential patents. In contrast, anti‐anti‐suit injunctions are a legitimate response to an extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction by foreign courts. Under EU law, the courts of member states might even be required to issue anti‐anti‐suit injunctions to protect their exclusive jurisdiction over patents.
The Status of Vulnerability in a Theology of the Christian Life: Gregory of Nyssa on the “Wound of Love” in Conversation with Sarah Coakley
Authors: Thomas Gabrielle
Published: June 2022

Discussions among theologians concerning the status of vulnerability—along with its cousins suffering, pain, and kenosis—have come to the fore in recent decades. It is not surprising that the tradition in which God becomes human would speak of vulnerability, but the question whether Christianity should wholeheartedly affirm vulnerability is not easily resolved. The aim of this essay is to explore this issue by juxtaposing the thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Sarah Coakley with respect to the status of vulnerability in a theology of the Christian life. These two theologians, I will argue, adopt divergent approaches to human vulnerability to God. When we read them in conversation with one another, broader implications emerge regarding the status of vulnerability in a theology of the Christian life.
Three‐dimensional comparison of bone‐borne and tooth‐bone‐borne maxillary expansion in young adults with maxillary skeletal deficiency
Authors: Bazzani Martina , Cevidanes Lucia H. S. , Al Turkestani Najla N. , Annarumma Fabio , McMullen Craig , Ruellas Antonio C. O. , Massaro Camila , Rego Marcus V. N. N. , Yatabe Marilia S. , Kim‐Berman Hera , McNamara James A. , Franchi Lorenzo , Ngan Peter , He Hong , Angelieri Fernanda , Aghazada Hussein , Migliorati Marco
Published: June 2022

Objective

To compare the transverse dental and skeletal changes in patients treated with bone‐anchored palatal expander (bone‐borne, BB) compared to patients treated with tooth and bone‐anchored palatal expanders (tooth‐bone‐borne, TBB) using cone‐beam computer tomography (CBCT) and 3D image analysis.

Methods

The sample comprised 30 patients with transverse maxillary discrepancy treated with two different types of appliances: bone‐borne (Group BB) and tooth‐bone‐borne (Group TBB) expanders. CBCT scans were acquired before (T1) and after completion of maxillary expansion (T2); the interval was 5.4 ± 3.4 and 6.2 ± 2.1 months between the T1 and the T2 scans of Group TBB (tooth‐bone‐borne) and Group BB (bone‐borne), respectively. Transverse, anteroposterior and vertical linear and angular three‐dimensional dentoskeletal changes were assessed after cranial base superimposition.

Results

Both groups displayed marked transverse skeletal expansion with a greater ratio of skeletal to dental changes. Greater changes at the nasal cavity, zygoma and orbital levels were found in Group BB. A relatively parallel sutural opening in an anterior–posterior direction was observed in Group TBB; however, the Group BB presented a somewhat triangular (V‐shaped) opening of the suture that was wider anteriorly. Small downward‐forward displacements were observed in both groups. Asymmetric expansion occurred in approximately 50% of the patients in both groups.

Conclusion

Greater skeletal vs dental expansion ratio and expansion of the circummaxillary regions were found in Group BB, the group in which a bone‐borne expander was used. Both groups presented skeletal and dental changes, with a similar amount of posterior palate expansion. Asymmetric expansion was observed in both groups.
Antibiotic resistance in periodontitis patients: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ardila Carlos‐M. , Bedoya‐García Jader‐Alexander , Arrubla‐Escobar Daniel‐Esteban
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antibiotic‐resistant species in periodontitis patients.

Methods

A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews involving different databases. MeSH terms and keywords were provided to examine only RCTs with antibiotic‐resistant results that included at least 3 months of follow‐up of systematically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis and treated with systemic or local antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival debridement. RCTs that managed participants surgically, duplicate publications, and investigations implemented on animals were discarded.

Results

Six RCTs were chosen. These studies included 465 patients. Most investigations observed that while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis had low resistance to amoxicillin, microorganisms in many sites showed resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and azithromycin pretreatment. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed high resistance to tetracycline pre‐ and post‐therapy. The proportion of antibiotic‐resistant samples augmented rapidly after the prescription of antibiotics in all test groups. The percentage of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms decreased over time; at the end of the follow‐up period, resistance levels were close to baseline levels.

Conclusions

Adjunctive local and systemic antibiotic treatment temporarily increased the antibiotic resistance of subgingival microorganisms; nonetheless, many bacteria remained susceptible to antibiotics during their administration.
Global prevalence of gingival recession: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yadav Vikender Singh , Gumber Bhumika , Makker Kanika , Gupta Vandana , Tewari Nitesh , Khanduja Puneet , Yadav Renu
Published: June 2022

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of gingival recession (GR) in the general population.

Materials and Methods

Population‐based observational studies reporting the prevalence of GR and published from 1991 to 2021 were identified from five electronic databases and manual searches. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. The pooled prevalence of GR was calculated by using a random‐effect model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the overall certainty of evidence.

Results

A total of 15 studies involving 37,460 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence was 78.16% at the minimal reported threshold values and 84.92% at ≥1 mm “cut‐off” with high heterogeneity among studies. A separate analysis for the buccal GR revealed a pooled prevalence of 75.42%. The risk of bias was found to be high for 10 and low for 5 studies. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low.

Conclusion

More than two‐thirds of the population worldwide was found to be affected by GR. Studies with standard case definition and less heterogeneity are required to accurately estimate the prevalence of GR.
The Integrity of Cartilage Hinge in Song 2/3 Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures in Children: A Retrospective Radiological Study in Two Centers
Authors: Zhu Tong , Jia Guoqiang , Jin Bin , Liu Tianjing , Ma Shuyu , Chen Jiayuan , Wang Enbo
Published: June 2022

Objective

For pediatric lateral condylar fractures (LCFs) of the humerus, it is often hard to determine the stability of the fracture based on the Song classification, especially for those categorized as Song stages 2 and 3. This study aims to define the characteristics of cartilage injury and assess the stability of LCFs classified as Song stages 2 and 3 on post‐traumatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

This was a retrospective study based on imaging data, conducted with a short follow‐up period. From January 2016 to May 2019, data of all patients with Song 2 and Song 3 LCFs treated at two institutions were collected. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 62 patients with Song stage 2/3 LCF were included. All radiographs were selected for observation and classification for comparison by two observers, both experienced pediatric orthopedic surgeons. MRIs scans for comparison were analyzed in three consecutive coronal sections and cross‐sections. Patients were treated conservatively with casting or surgically with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP).

Results

Altogether 62 cases between 1.5 to 9 years old were included. Reliability analysis revealed poor, moderate, or good agreement between the two observers (range, 0.149–0.633). Both observers showed moderate or good consistency (range, 0.413–0.611). Among the 62 patients diagnosed with Song stages 2 and 3 fractures on initial radiographs, only two patients (3%) had complete fractures with complete disruption of the cartilage hinge as seen on MRI. The hinge was generally located in the posterior‐inferior region of the distal humeral cartilage as indicated on MRI. There was no significant difference between Song stages 2 and 3 with regard to ratio of hinge to total values in any cross‐sections, nor was there any significant difference in the completeness of the coronal sections (P > 0.05). Of the 62 patients treated, 50 were managed conservatively with casting and 12 underwent CRPP. Forty‐nine of the remaining 60 patients (97%) with incomplete fractures were managed conservatively, while the remaining 11 patients were managed with CRPP. All patients with incomplete fractures showed bone healing and no evidence of lateral condyle displacement on follow‐up radiographs.

Conclusions

The Song stage 2 or 3 classification is not entirely accurate and is inadequate at guiding treatment outcomes. The cartilage hinge was most likely located posteroinferiorly within the distal humeral epiphysis. According to our findings, conservative treatment with an effective cast or splint may be sufficient for bone healing in case of incomplete cartilage fractures.
Tracheid buckling buys time, foliar water uptake pays it back: Coordination of leaf structure and function in tall redwood trees
Authors: Chin Alana R. O. , Guzmán‐Delgado Paula , Sillett Stephen C. , Kerhoulas Lucy P. , Ambrose Anthony R. , McElrone Andrew R. , Zwieniecki Maciej A.
Published: June 2022

Tracheid buckling may protect leaves in the dynamic environments of forest canopies, where rapid intensifications of evaporative demand, such as those brought on by changes in light availability, can result in sudden increases in transpiration rate. While treetop leaves function in reliably direct light, leaves below the upper crown must tolerate rapid, thermally driven increases in evaporative demand. Using synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography, we visualized impacts of experimentally induced water stress and subsequent fogging on living cells in redwood leaves, adding ecological and functional context through crown‐wide explorations of variation in leaf physiology and microclimate. Under drought, leaf transfusion tracheids buckle, releasing water that supplies sufficient temporal reserves for leaves to reduce stomatal conductance safely while stopping the further rise of tension. Tracheid buckling fraction decreases with height and is closely coordinated with transfusion tissue capacity and stomatal conductance to provide temporal reserves optimized for local variation in microclimate. Foliar water uptake fully restores collapsed and air‐filled transfusion tracheids in leaves on excised shoots, suggesting that trees may use aerial water sources for recovery. In the intensely variable deep‐crown environment, foliar water uptake can allow for repetitive cycles of tracheid buckling and unbuckling, protecting the tree from damaging levels of hydraulic tension and supporting leaf survival.
Exploring subjectivities of peace, violence, and power among the youth in Brazil
Authors: Maschietto Roberta Holanda , Ferreira Marcos Alan , Cortinhas Juliano da Silva
Published: June 2022

Brazil is one of the most violent countries in the world, and the vast majority of victims of lethal violence are under 30 years of age. Given this context, it seems important to understand what the perceptions and experiences of young people are regarding peace, violence, and power. This article does this through a study of the views of 153 high school students in nine public institutions in three municipalities. Engaging with the debates on the “local turn” and on youth in peacebuilding, we show that young people, while embracing some values intrinsic to the influential “liberal peace discourse,” also express views that are critical of important assumptions that shape such discourse. Students also criticized entrenched dynamics of symbolic violence, such as machismo and racism, factors which affect their subjectivities of empowerment and agency. To reduce violence, participants reiterated the need to change values through critical (peace) education.
Severe hypoglycemia in propranolol treatment for infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Morimoto Akira , Ozeki Michio , Sasaki Satoru , Baba Naoko , Kuwano Yoshihiro , Kaneko Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2022

Background

Infantile hemangioma (IH), formerly termed strawberry hemangioma, is a benign vascular tumor caused by capillary endothelial cell proliferation. The tumor regresses after 1 year of age, but sequelae occur in approximately half of the patients without systemic treatment. Propranolol (PPL) is currently the first‐line therapeutic agent in Japan as well as in Western countries. It is not commonly known that PPL may induce severe hypoglycemia, in addition to cardiovascular and respiratory side effects.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients with severe PPL‐induced hypoglycemia in the 3 years since the launch of Hemangiol®, a PPL preparation specific for IH, in Japan in 2016.

Results

The incidence of severe hypoglycemia and of hypoglycemic convulsions following PPL treatment was estimated to be 0.54% and 0.35%, respectively. The incidence of hypoglycemic convulsions appeared to be higher in Japan than in Western countries. Severe hypoglycemia was common in infants aged >1 year, when PPL was used for ≥6 months. Severe hypoglycemia often develops from 05:00 a.m. to 09:00 a.m. and is frequently associated with prolonged periods of fasting, poor feeding, or poor physical conditions.

Conclusion

To avoid the risk of hypoglycemia, the treatment should be initiated by 6 months of age during the proliferative phase at the latest, and should not be extended indiscriminately beyond 1 year of age. Guardians should be advised not to administer PPL on an empty stomach, in the presence of poor feeding, or who are in poor physical condition, not to prolong fasting after PPL administration, and to monitor the child's condition immediately after he or she wakes up.
Poverty and Inequality Mapping Based on a Unit-Level Log-Normal Mixture Model
Authors: Gardini Aldo , Fabrizi Enrico , Trivisano Carlo
Published: June 2022

Estimating poverty and inequality parameters for small sub-populations with adequate precision is often beyond the reach of ordinary survey-weighted methods because of small sample sizes. In small area estimation, survey data and auxiliary information are combined, in most cases using a model. In this paper, motivated by the analysis of EU-SILC data for Italy, we target the estimation of a selection of poverty and inequality indicators, that is mean, headcount ratio and quintile share ratio, adopting a Bayesian approach. We consider unit-level models specified on the log transformation of a skewed variable (equivalized income). We show how a finite mixture of log-normals provides a substantial improvement in the quality of fit with respect to a single log-normal model. Unfortunately, working with these distributions leads, for some estimands, to the non-existence of posterior moments whenever priors for the variance components are not carefully chosen, as our theoretical results show. To allow the use of moments in posterior summaries, we recommend generalized inverse Gaussian distributions as priors for variance components, guiding the choice of hyperparameters.
Child Marriage, Reproductive Outcomes, and Service Utilization among Young Afghan Women: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey in Afghanistan
Authors: Dadras Omid , Khampaya Tanaporn , Nakayama Takeo
Published: June 2022

This study explored the prevalence of child marriage and its association with reproductive outcomes and service utilization among young women in Afghanistan. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), focusing on women aged 20–24 years old based on the United Nations’ recommendation on child marriage study. Multivariate logistic models examined the association between child marriage, reproductive outcomes, and service utilization. An estimated 52% of the Afghan women aged 20–24 married at ages less than 18 years. Poverty and illiteracy were associated with the higher likelihood of early marriage. There was a significant negative relationship between child marriage and history of rapid repeat childbirth, delivery by skilled personnel, and institutional delivery. In both adjusted and unadjusted models, women married at age ≤14 were more likely to experience terminated or unintended pregnancy, inadequate ANC, unmet need for family planning, and fistula; while, for those married at age 15–17 years, only terminated or unintended pregnancy remained significant. Strict international law enforcement and advocacy are needed in the current situation of Afghanistan to increase young women's education, promote their civil rights, and improve their autonomy and role in decision‐making concerning their fertility preferences and reproductive health.