bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Power Generation System: A Case Study on the Colombian North Coast
Authors: Gamarra Acosta Margarita
Published: January 2022

Introducción: El uso de fuentes de energía alternativas ha sido tema de gran interés a nivel mundial, tanto por beneficios ambientales como económicos. A pesar de ser un tema relativamente reciente, se han realizados varias investigaciones y proyectos al respecto.

Se consideran híbridas las instalaciones que incorporan diferentes fuentes generadoras de electricidad. La finalidad es obtener el máximo aprovechamiento de los recursos energéticos para reducir la dependencia de las condiciones atmosféricas.

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar un modelo de operación de una generación hibrida con componentes solar – eólico, con la finalidad de aprovechar al máximo estas fuentes de generación de energía.

Método: Se definió una topología para la conexión de los dispositivos. Para la realización de pruebas se han tomado dos prototipos, uno de generación eólica y otro de generación solar. Se realizaron mediciones del sistema híbrido y se comparó su rendimiento con los dos sistemas independientes.  

Resultados: Se han realizado pruebas en laboratorio para verificar el correcto funcionamiento de los equipos utilizados (regulador, inversor y baterías) y pruebas en campo para tomar mediciones reales de generación de potencia del sistema híbrido. El sistema híbrido propuesto presentó un mayor desempeño frente a los otros dos sistemas independientes.

Conclusiones: En este estudio podemos concluir que el sistema híbrido cuenta con la ventaja de tener mayor independencia de las condiciones ambientales para la generación de energía. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de campo, la implementación de sistemas híbridos es adecuada en la costa atlántica.
A survey of hysterectomies in young patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: are the wombs being removed unnecessarily?
Authors: Rani Anjali , Mir Heena , Mahajan Neha , Bhushan Ravi
Published: January 2022

Background: There are reports of unnecessary hysterectomies in young patients in some parts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and adjoining regions. This study was conducted to know the indications of hysterectomies done at less than 35 years of age. Methods: This study was conducted in the outpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sir Sundar Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi over a period of one year. Hysterectomised patients with age less than 35 years were included in the study. After getting an informed consent, a detailed history was taken, patient’s past medical record was reviewed and their socio-demographic profiles, indication for hysterectomy and any surgical complications were recorded. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS and results were recorded as mean and percentage.  Results: One hundred patients were included in the study over a period of one year. Mean age of the study population was 28 years.  The 32% patient were below 25 years of age, 44% were between 25 to 30 years of age whereas 24% were in the age group of 30 to 35 years. Unevaluated Vaginal discharge (28%) and pain in pelvic region (25%) were the main indication for hysterectomy. Menstrual abnormalities (13%), asymptomatic uterine fibroid (12%), small functional ovarian cyst (10%) and abnormal colposcopic images (12%) were other indications.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of unnecessary hysterectomies in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. Such practice must be discouraged and stopped. Public awareness, adherence to medical ethics and strict action against those involved in medical malpractice would be helpful in decreasing the number of unnecessary hysterectomies in the young women.
A interface da educação especial em uma escola indígena xakriabá: diálogos oportunos
Authors: Ferrari Ana Carolina Machado , Rahme Mônica Maria Farid , Miranda Shirley Aparecida de
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o processo de inclusão escolar de alunos Xakriabá que compõem o público alvo da educação Especial a partir das experiências da Escola Estadual Xukurank, situada na região norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Por meio de uma pesquisa realizada na Terra Indígena Xakriabá,  foi possível perceber que, embora a Educação Escolar Indígena seja assegurada legalmente como uma construção coletiva e diferenciada, pautada nas demandas de cada povo, ao se buscar um diálogo com a Educação Especial, tal diferenciação ainda se mostra pontual.  THE INTERFACE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN AN INDIGENOUS SCHOOL XAKRIABÁ: OPPORTUNE DIALOGUESThe present article aims at discussing the inclusion process of the Xakriabá students that compound the target public of the Special Education from the experiences in the Xukurank State School, located in the north region of Minas Gerais State. Through a research carried out in the Xakriabá Indigenous Territory it was possible to observe that, although the Indigenous Education is legally assured as a collective and differentiated construction ruled by the demands of each people, as one tries to find a dialogue with the Special Education, such differentiation is still very specific.KEYWORDS: Xakriabá People; Special Education; Indigenous Education; Xukurank School.L’ÉDUCATION SPÉCIALE DANS UNE ÉCOLE AUTOCHTONE XAKRIABÁ: DEBATS FRUTUEUXCet article a pour objet de  discuter le processus d’ inclusion scolaire des élèves Xakriabá qui composent le public central de l’ éducation spéciale à partir des expériences de l’ Escola Estadual Xukurank , située dans la région nord de l’ État du Minas Gerais ( Brésil). A travers une recherche réalisée sur le territoire  autochtone Xakriabá, nous avons pu voir que , malgré le fait que l’ éducation Scolaire  autochtone soit assurée légalement en tant qu’ une construction collective et differenciée , basée sur les demandes de chaque peuple, en cherchant un dialogue avec l’ Education Spéc.ale, cette différentiation se montre encore ponctuelle.MOTS-CLÉS: Peuple Xakriabå; Education Spéciale; Education  Scolaire Autochtone;  Ecole Xukurank.
Apresentação
Authors: Oliveira Sebastião Monteiro
Published: January 2022

Texto de apresentação da edição temática "Paulo Freire".
Textbook Evaluation: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Imtiaz , Qasim Hafiz Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Javed
Published: January 2022

The textbook is one of the most substantial elements of classroom learning. As a result, it is critical to conduct a textbook evaluation to improve the quality of the teaching and learning environment in the classroom. Keeping in mind the very importance of the textbook evaluation, the current study evaluated a 10th-grade English textbook published by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board Lahore, Pakistan. The present study aimed to evaluate the book’s overall pedagogical worth according to teachers’ and students’ needs and demands. For this purpose, 10 teachers and 60 students were selected from different public and private schools. Two different questionnaires were prepared by Litz (2001) with slight variations. The teachers’ questionnaire version had 20 items, while the students’ version had 15 items. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS after the data had been collected. The study’s findings revealed that the textbook as a whole is well-designed and offers an array of useful extra materials. The book is also visually pleasing, well-organized, consistent, and orderly. Overall, the positive characteristics outnumbered the negative ones by a wide margin. Despite a few flaws in the book, such as the lack of a glossary and grammar, the results showed that the textbook was adequate for language learners. Overall, it was considered that, despite some flaws, the textbook fulfilled the needs of students and might be a practical book in the hands of competent teachers.Keywords: textbook; evaluation; English language
Tenapanor: A new treatment option for hyperphosphatemia in end stage kidney disease
Authors: Lin Tiffany , Al-Makki Akram , Shepler Brian
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This narrative review explores the currently published studies that have evaluated tenapanor for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on hemodialysis. This medication’s new phosphate lowering mechanism of action reduces intestinal phosphate absorption predominantly through reduction of passive paracellular phosphate flux by inhibition of the sodium/hydrogen exporter isoform 3 (NHE3). Tenapanor additionally prevents active transcellular phosphate absorption compensation by decreasing the expression of sodium phosphorus 2b transport protein (NaPi2b). Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov search engines. The search term “tenapanor hyperphosphatemia” was used for study retrieval. Results were limited to studies published in the English language and excluded review articles. Human, animal, and in vitro studies were included. No date range was specified. Results: A total of 11 primary studies were identified and included in this review, the largest human study of which enrolled 236 patients. Each study is presented in table format along with measured end points. Conclusions: Tenapanor is the first drug in its class that lowers hyperphosphatemia in ESKD patients through a novel mechanism of action involving paracellular inactive transport. Although more studies are needed, early results indicate that tenapanor may have a place in managing hyperphosphatemia in ESKD patients both as monotherapy and as an adjunct to existing phosphate binder therapy.
The Impact of Technological Innovation, Research and Development, and Energy Intensity on Carbon Emissions: An Experience from BRICS and OECD Countries
Authors: Xiaoyang Xu , Kanaado Maurice Balibae , Epadile Motswedi
Published: January 2022

The impact of technological innovation, research and development, and energy intensity on carbon dioxide emissions is examined in this study. A panel data econometric analysis of relevant variables extracted from the OECD and World Development Indicators databases for 36 OECD and 5 BRICS countries from 2005 to 2018 reveals that the Kao panel cointegration test revealed all countries, BRICS countries, and OECD countries exhibited cointegrated relationships regarding the selected variables. At this point, the correlation matrix shows that none of the independent variables has a strong correlation coefficient with the dependent variable. We also used two regression methods to evaluate the long-run association between the study's variables; the two-stage least square (2SLS) and panel generalized method of moments (GMM) both provide similar results, indicating that they are robust. According to the findings, technological innovation and R&D have a positive association with CO2 emissions, but energy intensity has a negative relationship with CO2 emissions.
Therapy-related myeloid leukemia following Pleuropulmonary blastoma: A case report
Authors: Reisi Nahid , Nematolahy Pardis
Published: January 2022

The development of secondary malignancy (SM) is the most worrisome long-term complication of childhood cancer. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most prevalent neoplasm that occurs after treatment with alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare lung neoplasm in children. Type II and type III of this cancer are markedly aggressive and have a recurrent nature. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are treatment modalities that make these patients prone to secondary malignancy. Here was presented and discussed a case of myeloid leukemia 3.5 years after treatment of Pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 5.5-year-old boy who was a candidate for high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cells transplant (auto-SCT) because of frequent recurrence and lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It seems this is the first reported case of therapy-related myeloid leukemia (t-AML) after PPB in children. Awareness of the creation of this complication following administration of cytotoxic therapies in the treatment of solid tumors will increase physician attention in the selection of treatment modality as well as the counseling of patients at the time of diagnosis.
Empregabilidade de engenheiros recém graduados: um estudo de caso
Authors: Ribeiro Juan Enrique Mares , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Araujo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Andrade Roberta Ferreira Coelho de , Andrade Aldair Oliveira de
Published: January 2022

A taxa de desemprego no país oscila, tornando a busca de carreiras alternativas como possível solução para o problema da desocupação. O jovem recém-formado, dessa forma, passa a enfrentar dificuldades em trabalhar no setor do mercado que deseja, ocasionando efeitos colaterais em sua carreira e saúde. Assim, a busca por entender os processos de seleção, facilitando a conexão de jovens com organizações que compartilham do mesmo estilo de trabalho, passa a ser essencial. O objetivo desse estudo consiste em avaliar as principais variáveis que influenciam na empregabilidade dos jovens recém-formados. A pesquisa envolveu o estudo de uma base de dados de 9.753 jovens num processo seletivo, contendo dados sobre estilos de trabalho, valores pessoais, perfil comportamental, nível de lógica, proficiência em línguas estrangeiras, experiências profissionais e extracurriculares. Identificou-se as principais variáveis adotadas pelas organizações, bem como sua importância ao logo das etapas de seleção.
KESENIAN DAN TEKNOLOGI DI ERA DISRUPSI (Studi Terhadap Akun Instagram Madihin @gazali_rumi)
Authors: Hartati Rahmi , Amaly Najla
Published: January 2022

Instagram is one of the most popular social media in the new media age community, including the people of Indonesia. Based on survey data released by the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) in 2016 there were 19.9 million Instagram accounts registered. Instagram not only uses the media to post pictures of daily activities, but already uses promotional facilities and to preserve the culture. Madihin is a culture originating from South Kalimantan. The @gazali_rumi account is an Instagram account that has Madihin art posts. Social media can be the latest innovation in preserving this traditional art, while social media has become a characteristic of modern society today.
Box Behnken Design in the Optimization of Rhodamine B Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Delonix regia Seeds and Pods
Authors: AZEEZ Samsudeen , SAHEED Ismaila , ADEKOLA Folahan , JIMOH Akeem , ARANSIOLA David , ABDULSALAM Zuliah
Published: January 2022

The uptake of Rodamine B (RhB) dye onto chemically prepared activated carbon from Delonix regia pods (DPAC) and seeds (DSAC) by response surface methodology were investigated. The activated carbons were prepared with 1 M nitric acid and characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersed x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results obtained revealed that the prepared activated carbons DPAC and DSAC possess mesoporous structure. Optimization of the four operating variables viz; concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on RhB adsorption were examined using Box Behnken design (BBD). A maximum removal efficiency of RhB from aqueous solution was achieved at 99.16% and 98.36% for DSAC and DPAC respectively with initial concentration of 55 mg/L, 0.1 g dosage, pH 12 and 725 min for both adsorbents. Comparing the actual values 99.16% (DSAC) and 98.36% (DPAC) with predicted values 101.7% (DSAC) and 99.40% (DPAC) having good agreement confirms the suitability of the proposed model. The adsorption process fitted best into Freundlich isotherm model when compared with Langmuir and Temkin isotherm. The adsorption process was adequately described by pseudo-second order kinetics model. Intra-particle diffusion appears to control the adsorption process but is not the only rate limiting step.
An insight into the liquefaction resistance of sand using cyclic undrained triaxial tests: Effect of the relative density and the loading amplitude
Authors: Meziane El-Hadj , Benessalah Ismail , Arab Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Abstract A stability analysis of soils prone to liquefaction based on their undrained shear-strength characteristics is an indispensable challenge in earthquake geotechnical engineering. This paper presents a laboratory study of the influence of relative density on the cyclic behavior of Chlef sand. The experimental program includes undrained, triaxial cyclic tests that were carried out for three different relative densities (Dr = 15, 50 and to 65 %) with various cyclic stress ratios (CSR = 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35). All the samples were consolidated under one initial effective confining pressure σ'c = 100 kPa. The main results show that the increases in the relative density led to significant increases in the shear strength established by an increase in the number of cycles and with an exponential rise. In contrast, it was demonstrated that the number of cycles was decreased when increasing the cyclic stress ratio due to the shearing frequency. The two main effects of the studied parameters did not have the same influence on the cyclic undrained response of the sandy soil submitted to seismic loading: an increase of the deviatoric stress due to the high relative density that participates in the increase of the loading capacity of the compacted soils by minimizing the void ratios, and an increase of the pore-water pressure that has a negative effect on the liquefaction of the soil. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that these two mechanisms led to a global increase of the maximum shearing stress.
Investigation of the impact behavior when using single and double layers of geosynthetics on buried pipe structures
Authors: Babagiray Güneş , Akbaş Sami Oğuzhan , Anil Özgür
Published: January 2022

In this study the behavior of buried pipes under impact loading was investigated by forming protective layers with geosynthetics in various combinations in single and double layers. For this purpose, experiments were performed using a HDPE pipe with a 160 mm outer diameter, which is frequently used in the laboratory. In the experiments, Geocell, Geogrid, Geotextile, and Geonet protective layers at a depth of 120 mm were tested by laying Geosynthetic in single and double layers and then tested under the effects of impact loading by using free-weight dropping test apparatus. In the experimental study, the protective layers' energy absorption capacities were calculated by using acceleration measurements over the pipe and then evaluated together with their costs. In the experiments with a single layer Geosynthetic as a protective layer, Geonet's most successful protection structure was a 72.9 % acceleration-damping capacity. In the experiments with the combination of double-layer reinforcement elements, the most successful performance with 88.0 %, in terms of acceleration damping capacity, was obtained from Geocell and Geonet's combination with a thickness of 1 mm at a depth of 50 mm. When all the experiments with single- and double-layer Geosynthetic protective elements were evaluated as an acceleration damping ratio per unit cost, it was found that the optimum application was achieved when using a single-layer Geogrid.
Using related Legal Systems to secure the Execution of just Satisfaction awarded by the ECtHR
Authors: Demetriades Achilleas , Demetriades Alexandros
Published: January 2022

The present article hopes to initiate a discussion concerning alternative methods through which applicants themselves can ensure that recalcitrant respondent States comply with their obligations to execute the judgments of the ECtHR. This may be done by mobilising related legal systems towards this end. This paper focuses on the 'just satisfaction' element of the judgment and examines one possible avenue through which applicants themselves can secure their payment. The relevant course of action has two elements: (i) securing the recognition of the ECtHR's order to pay within the national legal order of a non-respondent High Contracting Party to the Convention and requesting that the relevant national court issue a third-party debt order against the European Commission and (ii) securing the waiver of the European Commission's immunity.
Assessment of nutritional status and knowledge of students from selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto state, Nigeria
Authors:   Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital,Nigeria, Essien E , Emebu PK ,   Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, Iseh KR ,   Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Haruna MJ ,   Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria
Published: January 2022

The significance of improving nutrition knowledge in order to have a positive influence on food choices and health should not be underestimated. This study assessed the nutritional status and knowledge of school children attending selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis. The study population was purposively drawn from secondary school students in Nigeria attending Federal Government College and State Government-owned schools. Four secondary schools were used for the study: Federal Government College (FGC), Sani Dingyadi Secondary School (SDUSS), Nagarta Secondary School (NSS) and Army Day Secondary School (ADSS). A sample of 240 school students, aged 10 to 25 years participated in the study. The measuring instruments included a questionnaire to determine the nutrition knowledge of the students. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference, measured using standard methodologies. The mean age recorded for male and female students were 18.0±1.90 and 15.7±1.20 years, respectively. The result showed that 27.9% were underweight, 7.5% overweight and 64.6% had normal BMI status. Nutritional status was significantly related with sex (χ 2 = 16.169, p<0.05) but not with age (χ 2 = 1.368, p>0.05). The prevalence of underweight was higher among the males (33.9%) compared to the females (13.9%), while more females were overweight (15.3%) compared to the males (4.2%). Seventy one percent performed poorly in the nutrition knowledge assessment rating. The overall performance of the female students was significantly higher (χ 2 = 46.386; P<0.05) than their male counterparts. Furthermore, 5, 12 and 12% had excellent, very good and good nutrition knowledge, respectively, while 33% and 38% had fair and poor nutrition knowledge, respectively. The results further revealed that the students were deficient in knowledge and understanding of the facts about energy and nutritive values of foods. Therefore, adequate nutrition education is needed at the secondary school level; this will enable the students to make good food choices and positively influence their eating habits thereby ensuring better nutritional status.
Roasting effects on phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activities of pulp preconditioned and fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans
Authors:   University of Ghana, Afoakwa EO , Ofosu-Ansah E , Budu AS , Mensah-Brown H , Takrama JF ,   Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana
Published: January 2022

Polyphenols are phytochemicals responsible for the astringency, bitterness, green flavours and antioxidant activities in Theobroma cacao beans. Polyphenols degradation in cocoa beans during roasting is crucial to the flavour outcome and it is influenced by factors such as temperature, time and pod storage. Antioxidants are compounds that help to inhibit oxidation reactions caused by free radicals such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite thereby preventing damage to the cells and tissues. Their mechanisms of action include scavenging reactive oxygen and decreasing localised oxygen concentration thereby reducing molecular oxygen’s oxidation potential, metabolising lipid peroxides to n on-radical products and chelating metal ions to prevent generation of free radicals in humans. The study aimed at investigating changes in total polyphenols, anthocyanins, o -diphenols and antioxidant activity (free-radical scavenging activities) after roasting of pulp pre- conditioned and fermented cocoa beans using standard analytical methods. A 4×4 full factorial design with the principal experimental factors as pod storage time (0, 3, 7 and 10 days) and roasting duration (0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes) at 12 0 o C were used to study the changes in the total polyphenols, anthocyanins, o -diphenols and % free-radical scavenging activities of the cocoa beans. Variable decrease in total polyphenols, o - diphenols and anthocyanins were observed with increase in pre-conditioning (pod storage time) and roasting duration. However, variable trends w ere observed for the % free-radical scavenging activities. The total polyphenols, anthocyanins and o -diphenols in the cocoa beans after 45 minutes roasting decreased in the range 132.24 to 57.17 mg/g, 6.71 to 1.07 mg/kg and 15.94 to 8.25 mg/g respectively at all pod storage treatments. The total polyphenols of the fermented, dried and unstored (freshly harvested) cocoa beans was 132.25 mg/g which reduced to 122.14 mg/g (7.6% degradation), 116.721 mg/g (11.7% degradation) and 92.22 mg/g ( 30.3% degradation) after storage for 3, 7 and 10 days, respectively. The optimum decrease in the % free- radical scavenging activity was 7 days and above of pods storage. Increasing roasting time caused a continuous decrease in the % free-radical scavenging activity from 89.10% to 74.31% after 45 minutes for beans from the unstored ( freshly harvested) pods. However, pod storage caused an increase in the % free radical scavenging activities during roasting. Pulp pre-conditioning (pod storage) and roasting duration could be used to reduce the astringency and bitterness caused b y polyphenols, o - diphenols and anthocyanins in cocoa beans as well as increase t he antioxidant activity imparted by cocoa.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of the Fermentation Extract of the Endophytic Fungi from the Marine Biota of Colt Coral
Authors: Sukandar Dede , Artanti Nina , Purwanti Ika Restu , Rudiana Tarso , Fitriyanti Fitriyanti
Published: January 2022

Indonesia has the largest and most biodiverse coral reef in the world. Colt coral has not been studied and explored especially endophytic fungi associated with the coral. Endophytic fungi are highly potential for the production of antioxidant and anticancer compounds. This research aimed to study the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of fermentation extract from endophytic fungi from colt coral. Filtrate and mycelium extracts were obtained from static and shake fermentations of isolate SKF 15. Antioxidant and cytotoxic assays were conducted by free radical scavenger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and AlamarBlue methods, respectively. The result showed that FD extract provided the highest antioxidant activity with inhibition of 49.36% at 200 ppm of DPPH. Variation of fermentation time (3-21 days) demonstrated the highest activity with inhibition of 66.97% for antioxidant assay (7 days) and 81.13% for cytotoxic assay (3 days). FTIR analysis presented the existence of hydroxyl groups O-H (3452.58 cm-1), C=C groups (1668.43 cm-1); C-O hydroxyl group (1230.58 cm -1), and C-H sp3 groups (2941.44 cm-1). Based on LC-MS analysis, FD extract has a mass of m/z 305.63, [M+H]+, predicted as dihydroquercetin (C15H24O7). Keywords: Antioxidant assay, cytotoxic assay, endophytic fungi, colt coral, DPPH method, AlamarBlue method
ARGUMENT BAR MOVEMENT IN RELATIVE CLAUSES PRODUCED BY BIPA STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF NOAM CHOMSKY’S GENERATIVE TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Prihatini Arti , Fauzan Fauzan , Pangesti Fida
Published: January 2022

This study was intended to describe (1) the characteristics of the argument bar movement in relative clauses, (2) the characteristics of the relative clause structure, and (3) the suitability of the relative clause structure produced by BIPA students. This research was a qualitative descriptive case study. This research data were relative clauses sourced from BIPA students' speeches at the beginner and intermediate levels at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The data collection method used was the listening method with tapping, recording, note-taking, and hidden fishing techniques. Data analysis was carried out by identifying the predication-argument relationship with theta theory, identifying the deep structure and surface structure, analyzing movement objectives, movement traces, and movement consequences by utilizing the subjacency condition theory. The results showed that the characteristics of the argument bar movement in the relative clauses generated by 92% of BIPA students were in the form of short movements and did not exceed one bounding node. Based on the Indonesian language rules, most of the relative clauses produced by BIPA students were appropriate (75%). It shows that BIPA students have fully understood the relative clause structure.
Germania de Tácito: en los límites del género literario
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina, Russo Nicolás
Published: January 2022

This article proposes a new generic label for Tacitus’ Germania as “frontier ethnography”. Our reading is supported by Germania’s textual instability, due to its topical originality and compositive innovation. Although these features place Germania in a disruptive positioning face of historiographical tradition of Monography, it is consistent with the particular rhetorical situation of the late first century AD, traversed by the mixture of genres and the inversion of center-periphery relationships, and with the rise of a new dynasty as well. These characteristics are found in the two main text features of Germania. On the one hand, Ethnography, which was traditionally relegated to the excursus, is used here as the text’s main narrative device, whereas historical discourse is relocated to the digression. On the other hand, Barbaric periphery beyond the frontier becomes the central narrative matter of the text. Therefore, these textual features allow us to state that Germania insinuates a discourse move towards the limits of Roman generic and geographical space. Hence, Tacitus’ Germania can be interpreted as a literary exercise representing a new space within its sociopolitical context: the frontier.
Aelredo de Rivelaux e Goderico de Finchale: austeridade e observância monástica em pespectiva (século XII)
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Carvalho Moura Filho Raimundo
Published: January 2022

In the course of the 12th century, with the emergence of new monastic orders, including that of Cistercian (1098 AD), the theme of austerity became central to the discussion on the best way of observing the Rule of Saint Benedict, a canonical document on regular life from the 6th century. Conceptions about austerity can be verified, on the one hand, in the Mirror of Charity, by the Cistercian abbot Aelredo de Rivelaux (1110-1167 AD), and, on the other, in the hagiography The Life of Saint Godric, whose socio-cultural place is the priory from Durham, also in Anglia. Thus, this article intends to prove that there were approaching and distancing concerning the best way to carry out monastic austerity in northern Anglia, at the center of religious renewal in the course of the 12th century.
‘There’s no such thing as reflection’ ten years on
Authors: Ixer Graham
Published: January 2022

In 1999 Ixer published a critical article ‘There is no Such Thing as Reflection’ (1999),which attempted to halt the unquestioning acceptance of the concept of reflection from academics and professionals. Social work students are required to demonstrate their ability to reflect in practice yet reflection is ill defined therefore, problematic to assess. Ixer challenged the academic community to research this area more extensively so we can know more about the very thing we are assessing in students; in essence, ensure that our assessment is ethical. The article takes stock on what we have learnt about reflection over the past ten years and how such understanding is informing more ethical assessment of students.
Practice education
Authors: Keen Steven , Parker Jonathan , Rutter Lynne , Williams Sarah , Brown Keith
Published: January 2022

The future of practice education in social work in England is under discussion. An integral part of this relates to those considered qualified and appropriate to assess student social workers and the qualification framework necessary to ensure their supply. A draft Practice Educator Framework for England was published in October 2009. Fifteen partnerships of employers and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) were invited to deliver pilot Practice Educator programmes to test out the draft framework. This paper reports the formative and final evaluations from these pilot sites and lays the foundation for considerations of the future development of practice education in England. The evaluation and the pilot were commissioned by Skills for Care and funded by the Social Work Development Partnership. In total, 321 candidates had been or were in the process of being recruited to these pilot sites; whilst 24 candidates withdrew from or deferred their studies. The findings from the evaluation indicated that the vast majority of pilot sites had accredited their programmes academically, many at Master’s degree level. Candidate feedback was predominantly positive; however, about one in eight candidates disagreed that their programme had provided them with sufficient mentoring support. A third of pilot sites have realised they do not have the numbers of stage 2 Practice Educators that qualifying placements may require. Strong partnerships between employers and HEIs and targeted funding will be needed to ensure that future programmes meet workforce development needs.
Crew Resource Management within interprofessional teamwork development
Authors: Lamb Bryony , Clutton Nick
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the case for a practical approach for developing the workforce, to safeguard patients and to improve the quality of the patient pathway across health, social care and beyond. Central to this is the inclusion of Crew Resource Management (CRM) (RAeS, 1999) skills learned from the aviation industry, to enhance interprofessional teamwork development and collaborative practice. To address this, we have developed a model for interprofessional teamwork development, focusing on improvement and patient safety which encompasses the entire system involved with the patient pathway. This model includes a transformative cycle of improvement and the processes and interprofessional leadership and membership skills required to achieve an open inclusive culture, providing interprofessional teams with the skills and tools to drive improvement for patient safety and increased satisfaction with services.
When is a personal care task not just a task?
Authors: Fenton Jane , Walker Linda
Published: January 2022

This small scale study examined social work students’ attitudes to undertaking personal care tasks whilst involved in practice learning opportunities (PLOs) in private sector residential care, mostly with older people. A rationale for placing students in residential settings, within the requirements of social work education in Scotland, and the value of this for their learning, is explored. The authors then examine why students should be involved in undertaking personal care. A literature review highlights the main areas of study, namely value-behaviour congruence, notions of professionalism and the interface with managerialism, and the importance of an ‘ethics of care’ approach.The main findings from the study centred around the process of attaining value-behaviour congruence, the transformation of students’ attitudes from negative to positive, the centrality of relationship building and explicit values, a generalised lack of acquiring or drawing on formal academic knowledge, and factors associated with an emergent social work professional.
Religion, beliefs and culturally competent social work practice
Authors: Furness Sheila
Published: January 2022

Over the past forty years, Britain has witnessed a decline in religious attendance, observance and worship, particularly within the Christian faith. This social trend is also starting to affect second generation Punjabi Sikhs and Gujarati Hindus. For others, in particular, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims, religion is central to how many conduct and live their lives.A small-scale survey was carried out with social work students studying in Bradford, England to elicit their views about the impact of faith and beliefs on practice. National and local statistics provide a picture of the make-up of the local population by ethnicity and religion.A questionnaire was used to find out the importance of their religious belief, if any, to determine any anxieties in relation to placement, to provide examples of any conflicts or ethical dilemmas concerning religious beliefs and practice and to suggest ways of preparing and equipping social workers to work with diverse faiths and communities.It appears that religion and spirituality is a neglected area of social work. This preliminary work suggests the need for further research in a number of areas in order to promote culturally competent practice.
How academic knowledge can support practice learning
Authors: Cartney Patricia
Published: January 2022

This paper focuses on the Department of Health (2002) statement that academic knowledge should be used to support practice learning. Debates around linking theory and practice and knowledge as product and process are discussed. The particular emphasis is on critically analysing whether academic knowledge about learning styles - a form of ‘process knowledge’ – can be effectively utilised and therefore relevant to supporting the process of practice teaching. A small-scale qualitative research study with practice teachers and students is presented as a way of exploring this.The findings of this research suggest that information about learning styles can be of practical relevance to practice teachers in promoting effective student learning. The key finding here is that its relevance is determined primarily by how such knowledge is utilised in practice. It is crucial whether practice teachers perceive information about their student’s learning styles as product knowledge (something they possess but do not necessarily employ) or process knowledge (something which usefully describes part of the process they are engaged in).
An action research project to implement personal development plans into a community specialist practice programme
Authors: Griffiths Liz , Sayer Lynn , Ryan May , Shia Nessie , Fisher Rick
Published: January 2022

This paper sets out to explore the implementation of Personal Development Planning both in university and professional practice settings for community health nurses, as an action research project. This was achieved through a series of cycles of implementation, review and modification using a collaborative approach. The introduction of this process into the course design has enabled all those involved to record student progress in an effective manner. Our findings show that community health students and their assessors in practice have found the experience a very positive one and as a result some “tips for best practice” have been developed that will help take the process further.
Social work placements
Authors: Buck Janine
Published: January 2022

This article is a reflective account of my student experiences of practice teaching whilst on placements during the Social Work Degree. I consider what and how my Practice Teachers and on-site supervisors have been able to teach me about Social Work and Social Work skills and what I have learnt about myself as a person and future practitioner. I look at what, I believe makes a good Practice teacher and how different styles of teaching have enhanced my learning. I reflect on the benefits, under the new degree, of increased days on placement and how this has helped me in applying theory, methods and models which are not always easy in the classroom.At the time of completing this article I am three quarters of the way through my last placement of 100 days. I am undertaking my Social Work degree at the University of Northampton, which has a full time degree course of three years and a part time route taking four years. I am due to graduate with a B.A Honours degree in Social Work in July 2007.
‘Shadowing’ and its place in preparing students for practice learning
Authors: Parker Jonathan , Hughes Mel , Rutter Lynne
Published: January 2022

Summary: As part of the new social work degree in England all students must undergo a period of assessed preparation for practice learning which includes the opportunity to shadow an experienced social worker. This requirement has been implemented in different ways across social work programmes in England and providers have raised concerns about the assessment of students’ fitness to undertake practice learning. This article explores the background to and potential of ‘shadowing’ as observational and preparatory leaning and surveys some of the differential practice amongst English social work programme providers. Following this, the article describes a small-scale research study in which the confidence (self-efficacy beliefs) of students were monitored before and after undertaking shadowing experiences and qualitative reports concerning the experiences were collected and reviewed. The study recommends the development of a rigorous approach to shadowing, that is assessed, made integral to social work programmes and is adequately resourced.
For and against
Authors: Whiting Russell
Published: January 2022

This article will provide an account of research undertaken in relation to a single session on an MA in Social Work course, which featured a debate on the place of religion in social work. Research on the session was conducted through the use of two focus groups with participants and also through the use of a questionnaire completed by the whole student group immediately after the debate. Material from the research was presented in a workshop in the Seventh International Conference for Practice Learning and Field Education in Health and Social Work in York in July 2008. This article analyses excerpts from the debate itself, the focus groups and material from the questionnaire (appended).Whilst using a debate is an interesting starting point for addressing this topic it has both advantages and disadvantages as shall be seen. The article builds on Gregory and Holloway’s (2005) work on the use of debates in social work education and also draws on a broader framework for social work education published recently by colleagues at the University of Sussex (Lefevre et al., 2008). The article highlights the lack of work published concerning how the topic of religion and spirituality is addressed in social work education and offers the debate as the start of a way forward.
The faith closet
Authors: Humphrey Caroline
Published: January 2022

This article is based upon research with student social workers and their educators which foregrounded the personal-professional interface in becoming a social worker. Faith was an explicit dimension of this research project insofar as an interest in spirituality and religion is returning to social work and insofar as the author has embarked upon her own inter-faith journey. It was also rather elusive insofar as faith-based students often construct a closet in which to conceal their faith in a predominantly secular world. The workings of the closet and the workings of faith are explored in relation to professional education, ethics and practice as well as research into these territories.
Development and implementation of social work practice learning opportunities in NHS settings with no previous experience of social work education
Authors: Hughes Marianne
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to outline the knowledge and practice used at a strategic, organisational and practice level in the planning and implementation of effective social work practice learning opportunities in NHS settings new to direct social work practice and social work education.The paper outlines the process which was used in order to create new interprofessional practice learning opportunities and it is intended to add to ‘process knowledge’ (Sheppard et al., 2000). Additionally the paper draws on the content of the
‘matrix of drivers and barriers to integrated working’ developed for the area of interprofessional practice (Stewart, Petch, & Curtice, 2003) and transfers this knowledge as applicable to Social Work education.In practice, across human services, there continues to be views of ‘other’ professional groups that can create obstacles to the development and maintenance of positive inter-professional working, and that can undermine effective service delivery for service users (Report of Caleb Ness Inquiry, 2003). The experience of inter-professional practice learning, when combined with emotional intelligence (Morrison, 2007) can impact positively to increase the confidence, knowledge-base and direct inter-professional practice of newly qualifying Social Workers.
Enhancement of the social work field practicum student-supervisor relationship
Authors: Pehrson Kyle L. , Panos Patrick T. , Larson Krista L. , Cox Shirley E.
Published: January 2022

The supervisory relationship between Field Practicum Supervisor and student is an essential element in helping students to gain and develop the skills necessary for professional growth and development. Although there have been many studies conducted to ascertain the effect of supervisory skills on the supervisory relationship, little research has been conducted to determine communication variables and the effect that they have on the supervisory relationship. As a preliminary this study this inquiry used a pre-experimental design with the goal to determine if a more complex examination of the use of this measure would be justified. This study has implemented a brief summary report, referred to as a Nutshell, which identifies communication variables and gives suggestions for healthy interaction. The study sought to determine whether the implementation of this Nutshell enhanced the supervisory relationship and whether a more complex examination of the use of this measure would be justified. Findings show that students and supervisors reported the model strengthened and improved the supervisory relationship and process. Recommendations for future studies are made.
Supporting students who are sexually harassed on placement
Authors: Emslie Michael
Published: January 2022

This paper argues that if higher education institutions are going to place students at risk of sexual harassment by requiring they complete a component of their formal study on work-place based placements, then university educators have a responsibility to adequately equip and appropriately support students so they can effectively identify and respond to sexual harassment. A model from youth work field education is presented that aims to prepare graduates, agency supervisors and university-based field education staff who are capable and motivated to prevent and respond to sexual harassment in the practicum. The systemic and integrated framework recognises student’s fundamental right to safety in the workplace and attends to the constraints on students disclosing, the deleterious effects of experiencing unwanted sexual conduct, and the importance of good practices in care and support. The various components of the approach also take account of the influence of environmental factors as well as issues of educational merit. The model has general applicability to other professional practice domains and can be adapted for use by educators who appreciate the value of equipping students to effectively deal with unwelcome sexual conduct while on placement.