bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicted heart mass for size matching in obese heart transplant donors and recipients
Authors: Aleksova Natasha , Fan Chun‐Po S. , Foroutan Farid , Moayedi Yas , Posada Juan Duero , McGuinty Caroline , Luk Adriana , Stehlik Josef , Ross Heather J. , Alba Ana C.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Predicted heart mass (PHM) was neither derived nor evaluated in an obese population. Our objective was to evaluate size mismatch using actual body weight or ideal body weight (IBW)‐adjusted PHM on mortality and risk assessment.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult recipients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 or recipients of donors with BMI≥30 kg/m2 from the ISHLT registry. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate 30‐day and 1‐year mortality. The two models were compared using net reclassification index.

Results

10,817 HT recipients, age 55 (IQR 46–62) years, 23% female, BMI 31 kg/m2 (IQR 28–33) were included. Donors were age 34 (IQR 24–44) years, 31% female, and BMI 31 kg/m2 (IQR 26–34). There was a significant nonlinear association between mortality and actual PHM but not IBW‐adjusted PHM. Undersizing using actual PHM was associated with higher 30‐day and 1‐year mortality (p < .01), not seen with IBW‐adjusted PHM. Actual PHM better risk classified .6% (95% CI .3–.8) patients compared to IBW‐adjusted PHM.

Conclusion

Actual PHM can be used for size matching when assessing mortality risk in obese recipients or recipients of obese donors. There is no advantage to re‐calculating PHM using IBW to define candidate risk at the time of organ allocation.
Effects of angiotensin II in the management of perioperative hypotension in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Andrews Lauren , Benken Jamie , Benedetti Enrico , Nishioka Hokuto , Pierce Dana , Dalton Kaitlyn , Han Justin , Shin Bona , Benken Scott
Published: June 2022

Background

Due to the mechanisms of action of conventional catecholamine vasopressors, there is increased risk of renal allograft injury and adverse events in transplant recipients with fluid‐refractory distributive shock during the perioperative period. As such, mechanistically alternative vasopressors like angiotensin II (ATII) may avoid these complications, but there is an absence of data supporting use in this population.

Methods

This was a single‐center, single‐arm, open‐label, phase 4 study conducted as a 1‐year pilot of 20 adult renal transplant recipients receiving ATII as their first continuous infusion vasopressor in the perioperative period. The study aim was to systematically assess the safety and hemodynamic effects of ATII. Safety was assessed based on the incidence of adverse events. Hemodynamic effect was assessed by the achievement of per protocol hemodynamic goals (i.e., SBP ≥120 mmHg) and the need for adjunct vasopressors.

Results

Most cases involved deceased donors (70%), with a corresponding mean (SD) cold ischemia time of 14.7 (8.6) h. Over a surgery duration of 5.3 (1.2) h, subjects received 3.2 (2.0) L of total volume resuscitation prior to ATII initiation. No adverse events were directly related to ATII administration. Throughout this period, ATII was utilized for a median of 1.0 (IQR, 1.5) h intraoperatively (N = 7), 26.5 (IQR, 84.8) h postoperatively (N = 4), and 63.8 (IQR, 57.8) h in subjects who required ATII both intra‐ and postoperatively (N = 9). Only one of the 20 patients needed adjunct continuous infusion vasopressors in addition to ATII.

Conclusions

Based on the observations of this pilot study, ATII is a safe and effective vasopressor option for renal transplant recipients requiring perioperative hypotension reversal.
Combined effects of rainfall types and antecedent soil moisture on runoff generation at a hillslope of red soil region
Authors: Wang Yaji , Gao Lei , Huang Shangshu , Peng Xinhua
Published: June 2022

The runoff threshold is one of the important parameters in hillslope hydrology. Information on the combined roles of rainfall types and antecedent soil moisture in the runoff generation threshold is still scarce. Therefore, we linked the runoff generation behaviours of a 150‐m hillslope with rainfall types and antecedent soil moisture conditions during a 4‐year observation period between January 2017 and December 2020 in the red soil region of China. We found that the surface runoff of a hillslope could be modelled with a relatively high accuracy using HYDRUS 1D. Rainfall event types, classified into four types (I, II, III and IV) using a machine learning based k‐means clustering algorithm, significantly affected the modelling accuracy of runoff. The prediction accuracy decreased as the level of rainfall type increased, with decreasing from 0.93 for type I to 0.41 for type IV and RMSE increasing from 0.0082 to 0.025 accordingly. The scope of the runoff threshold, represented by antecedent soil water storage of 0–30 cm and event rainfall amount (ASW+P), ranged between 97 and 139 mm. That is, when ASW+P was lower than the lower limit, no runoff occurred in all of the rainfall events, and runoff would be generated without considering the hydrological conditions if ASW+P was higher than 139 mm. The driving factors of runoff generation were strongly dependent on the classified rainfall types. Hourly maximum rainfall intensity was the main contributor to runoff generation for the relatively slight rainfall events (i.e., types I and II). The rainfall amount, however, played a dominant role for the rainfall types with larger amounts and intensities (i.e., types III and IV). These findings provide insights into the method of determining runoff thresholds as well as the inner mechanisms of runoff generation behaviours at the hillslope scale under regions with similar climatic and hydrological conditions to the present study.

Highlights

Heavy rainfall events were the main error sources of runoff modelling.

The threshold of runoff generation was identified by the combination of antecedent soil moisture and rainfall.

Threshold scope of runoff generation ranged between 97 and 139 mm.

Rainfall classification is valuable in understanding runoff generation behaviours.

Runoff driving factors depended on rainfall types.
Modeling Culture: A Framework
Authors: Henderson Nicole L. , Monocello Lawrence T. , Else Robert J. , Dressler William W.
Published: June 2022

Cognitive culture theory and the associated methods of cultural domain analysis and cultural consensus analysis have revolutionized the study of cultural sharing and variation. However, the ways in which these methods can be employed are still not widely appreciated. Our aim in this paper is to propose a systematic framework for investigating cultural models. We provide examples of ideal types of sharing and variation in cultural models, including monocentric cultural models, multifocal cultural models, and multicentric cultural models. This review will contribute to mixed methods by providing a roadmap for researchers interested in employing cultural modeling in their own work, but who may not have a well‐developed sense of the various ways in which it can be pursued.
A nonlinear uniaxial fatigue damage accumulation model based on the theory of material configurational forces
Authors: Chen Yujie , Sun Dexin , Hou Junling , Li Qun
Published: June 2022

To ensure the integrity and reliability of structures, it is of great importance to understand the fatigue damage mechanism of materials under different amplitude loading conditions. For this purpose, a nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model based on material configurational forces is developed in this paper. Specially, since the material configurational force is defined on the material space point and directly associated with the evolution of material configuration, it is introduced as an internal variable to describe fatigue damage accumulation. Additionally, the corresponding relation between configurational force and stress state is presented. Meanwhile, the damage increasing among every loading cycle, that is, the damage rate, is dependent on the stress state and damage state variable. Therefore, the formulation of damage rate is proposed by a function of material configurational force and damage state variable. Further, numerical implementation of this proposed nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model has been carried out through two notched structures to describe the fatigue damage evolution and predict the fatigue life of materials. The results indicate that the numerical results are consistent with previous experimental data.
A role for the local environment in driving species‐specific parasitism in a multi‐host parasite system
Authors: Hasik Adam Z. , Siepielski Adam M.
Published: June 2022

The extent and magnitude of parasitism often vary among closely related host species and across populations within species. Determining the ecological basis for this species and population‐level variation in parasitism is critical for understanding infection dynamics in multi‐host–parasite systems. To investigate such ecological underpinnings of variation in parasitism, we studied Enallagma damselfly host species and their water mite (Arrenurus spp.) ectoparasites in lakes.

We first evaluated how host identity and density could shape parasitism. To test the effects of con‐ and heterospecific host density on parasitism, we used a field experiment with Enallagma basidens and E. signatum. We found that parasitism did not vary with con‐ or heterospecific density and was determined by host identity alone, with no spillover effects.

We also evaluated the potential role of local adaptation and resource availability in shaping parasitism. To do so, we used E. signatum in a reciprocal transplant experiment crossed with a prey resource‐level manipulation. This experiment revealed that parasitism declined sharply for one host population in its non‐local lake, but not the other source population, with no effects of prey levels. This asymmetry implies that damselflies express enhanced defences against parasitism that are neither population‐specific nor dependent on resource abundance, or that mites developed heightened local host specificity.

The results of multivariate modeling from an observational study generally supported these experimental findings: neither host density nor resource abundance strongly explained among‐population variation in parasitism. Instead, local abiotic conditions (pH) had the strongest relationship with parasitism, with minimal associations with predator density, temperature and a measure of immune function.

Collectively, our findings suggest a crucial role for the local environment in shaping host–parasite interactions within multi‐host–parasite systems. More generally, these results show that research at the intersection of community ecology and disease ecology is critical for understanding host–parasite dynamics within natural communities.
Negotiating racialized organizational spaces and intimacies: An ethnography of playpen strip club
Authors: Silva Cristina , Newton‐Francis Michelle , Vidal‐Ortiz Salvador
Published: June 2022

Based on 18 months of ethnographic research in a Northeast corridor strip club we call Playpen, we engage sex negotiations, erotic service exchanges, and the circulation of desire within an informal, weekly “Latina Night” event. We treat Playpen as a gendered and racialized organization in which patrons, dancers, and employees manage established, yet unspoken rules. Labor interactions and dynamics between dancers and clients are racialized when gesturing toward bodily currency ‐ which materializes in tips, drinks, paid lap dances, and more exclusive attention; dancers compete for such currency, using their selection of music and dance, movements, adornments, body modifications and emotional labor. Selected pairings negotiate open spaces by turning pockets of the club into semi‐private, intimate ones. Dancers' and clients' gendered and racialized notions of currency (in this case, racialized Latinidad) clash, ultimately serving the club in keeping “Latina Night” in place.
Cognitive behaviour therapy in adults with spinal cord injury: A scoping review
Authors: Yang Shu‐Hua , Mu Pei‐Fan , Huang Wen‐Cheng
Published: June 2022

Aim

The aim of this study is to report on the extent and range of the research evaluating cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in adults with spinal cord injury.

Background

Spinal cord injury is a devastating event that can lead to permanent neurologic deficit. Compared with the average person, spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are at twice the risk of developing mood disorders, highlighting vulnerability of SCI patients' mental states which can be easily hurt. CBT is the most commonly used psychosocial intervention.

Design

This was a scoping review.

Review method

Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Airiti Library) were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2021. Google Scholar was utilized to search additional articles listed in the reference lists of included articles.

Results

Overall, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria, with the majority reporting on CBT, that focused on psychological distress and neuropathic pain. The core concept of intervention included disease identification, cognitive distortion/modification and coping strategies.

Conclusions

There were significant knowledge gaps on the interventions' content and effectiveness for psychological distress of persons with SCI. Development of multifaceted cognitive behaviour interventions, especially to strengthen self‐identity and to inspire patients' hope, is needed. Further research is required to investigate the long‐term effectiveness of CBT.
Hazards of anti‐Blackness in the United States
Authors: Rowell‐Cunsolo Tawandra L. , Bellerose Meghan , Haile Rahwa
Published: June 2022

On February 26, 2012, a Black child, Trayvon Martin, was executed in Sanford, Florida. Seventeen months later his killer was found not guilty. This is but one example of the state's brazen disregard for Black life, rooted in the kidnapping and enslavement of Africans more than 400 years ago, and the ways in which they and their descendants were systematically tortured. Trayvon Martin's murder catalyzed the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which names and resists deeply entrenched state violence and inequities against Black people in the United States. In this manuscript we: (1) summarize examples of structural disregard for Black lives in the United States; (2) describe how this disregard is reflected in differential patterns of social inequities, morbidity, and mortality; and (3) discuss how we can better employ the BLM perspective to frame a more historicized understanding of patterns in population health and to envision ways to resist health inequities.
Presence and possible impact of Fcγ receptors on resident kidney cells in health and disease
Authors: Typiak Marlena , Audzeyenka Irena , Dubaniewicz Anna
Published: June 2022

Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) bind the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG), mostly after IgG opsonizes a bacterial or viral antigen or danger/damage‐associated molecule. Consequently, classic FcγRs initiate phagocytosis of the IgG–antigen immune complex and stimulate an immune reaction against the threat. Signals from activating FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIIa/c, FcγRIIIa/b) are balanced by inhibitory FcγRIIb and likely also by two FcR‐like proteins (FCRL4 and FCRL5). The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) recirculates IgG and increases its half‐life. The last FcγR that has been identified in humans, tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21), acts toward pathogen destruction via the proteasomal or autophagic pathway. The expression of FcγRs occurs almost exclusively in immune cells. However, podocytes, key cells in the glomerular filtration barrier, also possess several features of an immune cell and express receptors for IgG. The presence of FcγRs in glomeruli was analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas project. FcγR occurrence in whole glomeruli or in particular resident kidney cells was also showed in a few original articles. In human podocytes only FcRn has been studied extensively, and the presence and role of other FcγRs remain obscure. Research on the genetic background of kidney diseases revealed a connection between FcγRs and several nephropathies. Investigations of FcγR expression in podocytes appear to be of great clinical importance. The present review discusses the latest literature on FcγRs in kidney cells (especially podocytes), with an emphasis on their involvement in kidney health and disease.
The central Alps comprise a major dispersal barrier between western and eastern populations of two butterfly species
Authors: Trense Daronja , Jager Laura , Fischer Klaus
Published: June 2022

Aim

Genetic connectivity and diversity are key components of species' resilience to environmental change. However, the specific factors shaping species' resilience are poorly understood. We here aim to strengthen our understanding of resilience in two butterfly species, by identifying regions of high genetic diversity and barriers to dispersal.

Location

European Alps.

Taxon

Copper butterflies (Lycaena spp.).

Methods

We sampled 21 Lycaena hippothoe and 14 L. virgaureae populations with 18 individuals each in the European Alps. Using 14 and 9 microsatellite markers, respectively, we analysed genetic diversity and population structure (using arlequin, genalex, structure and snmf). We analysed spatial patterns of gene flow and genetic diversity (using an estimated effective migration surface), population demographic history and effective population size (diyabc), habitat suitability (maxent), and isolation by distance, and with resistance (genalex, circuitscape).

Results

We found higher genetic diversity and a more pronounced genetic structure in L. hippothoe than in L. virgaureae. Both species displayed a major genetic barrier in the central Alps. Western and eastern populations showed the highest genetic diversity in L. hippothoe, but central ones in L. virgaureae. Populations of both species were structured by geodetic distance, and minimum and maximum altitude.

Main Conclusions

The population genetic structure of both Copper butterflies seemed to be strongly affected by population history, demography and geographic features. Valleys and high mountain ridges seem to comprise major dispersal barriers. The high genetic diversity and pronounced population structure found in L. hippothoe seems to be related to a low dispersal ability and closed populations with high local abundances as opposed to L. virgaureae. We suggest that different conservation strategies are needed for these closely related species, focussing on connecting suitable habitats in L. hippothoe and increasing local population sizes in L. virgaureae.
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
Authors: von Büren Raphael S. , Hiltbrunner Erika
Published: June 2022

Aim

“Where and why does a species exist” is a fundamental question in ecology. However, the actual range limits of alpine plant species are largely unexplored and unexplained. We aim at identifying the cold range limits of the two most abundant alpine graminoid species on acidic soils that intermingle in mosaics of high‐elevation habitats across the European Alps.

Location

Alpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps.

Taxon

Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) and Nardus stricta (Poaceae).

Methods

We assessed temperature 3 cm below ground, closest to the plant meristems, year‐round as well as snow cover duration, soil chemistry and vegetation characteristics at high spatio‐temporal resolution at 115 microsites. Field data were combined with various freezing resistance analyses in plant individuals at 38 microsites by employing mixed regression models.

Results

Carex and Nardus segregated across different microsites. Season length, growing degree hours and soil chemistry did not demarcate the two species' ranges, while their distribution was strongly affected by soil minimum temperature in winter. Carex occurred at sites with and without protecting snow cover and resisted low soil temperatures (−13°C). Nardus was absent at microsites with snow cover duration < 5 months and soil minimum temperatures below −5°C. During the growing season Carex had a higher leaf/shoot freezing resistance (lethal temperature for 50% of the leaf tissue LT50: −16.1°C) than Nardus (−13.3°C). Shoot apices tolerated lowest temperatures: Carex −30°C, Nardus −24°C. Though, a vital shoot apex alone did not ensure regrowth after winter, but intact vessels and roots were required, all less freezing tolerant than apical meristems and young leaves.

Main conclusions

The cold range limits of these widespread alpine graminoids are evidently set by thermal extremes in winter. Microtopography, thus snow distribution pattern, in concert with the species' freezing resistance explains the cold edge of the fundamental niche of these two species.
Defining electrocardiographic criteria to differentiate non‐type 1 Brugada ECG variants from normal incomplete RBBB patterns in the young SCD‐SOS cohort
Authors: Carrington Mafalda , Creta Antonio , Young William J. , Carrington Maria , Henriques Jorge , Teixeira Rogério , Gonçalves Lino , Lambiase Pier D. , Providência Rui
Published: June 2022

Introduction

We assessed the prevalence of non‐type 1 Brugada pattern (T1BrP) in children and young adults from the Sudden Cardiac Death‐Screening Of risk factorS cohort and the diagnostic yield of nonexpert manual and automatic algorithm electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. We reviewed 14 662 ECGs and identified 2226 with a rSr′‐pattern in V1‐V2. Among these, 115 were classified by experts in hereditary arrhythmic‐syndromes as having or not non‐T1BrP, and were compared with measurements of 5 ECG‐derived parameters based on a triangle formed by r′ ‐wave (d(A), d(B), d(B)/h, β‐angle) and ST‐ascent, assessed both automatically and manually by nonexperts. We estimated intra‐ and interobserver concordance for each criterion, calculated diagnostic accuracy and defined the most appropriate cut‐off values.

Results

A rSr′‐pattern in V1‐V2 was associated with higher PQ interval and QRS duration, male gender, and lower body mass index (BMI). The manual measurements of non‐T1BrP criteria were moderately reproducible with high intraobserver and moderate interobserver concordance coefficients (ICC: 0.72–0.98, and 0.63–0.76). Criteria with higher discriminatory capacity were: distance d(B) (0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65−0.80) and ST‐ascent (0.87; 95% CI: 0.82–0.92), which was superior to the 4 r′‐wave criteria together (area under curve [AUC: 0.74]). We suggest new cut‐offs with improved combination of sensitivity and specificity: d(B) ≥ 1.4 mm and ST‐ascent ≥ 0.7 mm (sensitivity: 1%–82%; specificity: 71%–84%), that can be automatically measured to allow classification in four morphologies with increasing non‐T1BrP probability.

Conclusion

rSr′‐pattern in precordial leads V1‐V2 is a frequent finding and the detection of non‐T1BrP by using the aforementioned five measurements is reproducible and accurate. In this study, we describe new cut‐off values that may help untrained clinicians to identify young individuals who may require further work‐up for a potential Brugada Syndrome diagnosis.
Surgical versus catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rattanawong Pattara , Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Sriramoju Anil , Shanbhag Anusha , Ko Ko Nway L. , Barry Timothy , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Shen Win‐Kuang
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia with a high stroke and mortality rate. The video‐assisted thoracoscopic radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation is a treatment option for patients who fail catheter ablation. Randomized data comparing surgical versus catheter ablation are limited. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized control trials to explore the outcome efficacy between surgical and catheter radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation in patients with AF.

Methods

We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to December 2020. Included studies were published randomized control trials that compared video‐assisted thoracoscopic and catheter radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation. Data from each study were combined using the fixed‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian, and Laird to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Six studies from November 2013 to 2020 were included in this meta‐analysis involving 511 AF patients (79% paroxysmal) with 263 catheter ablation (mean age 56 ± 3 years) and 248 surgical ablations (mean age 52 ± 4 years). Catheter ablation was associated with increased atrial arrhythmias recurrence when compared to surgical ablation (pooled relative risk = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.44−2.39, p < .001, I2 = 0.0%) but associated with less total major adverse events (pooled relative risk = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.16−0.53, p < .001, I2 = 0.0%). In subgroup analysis, catheter ablation was associated with increased AF recurrence in refractory paroxysmal AF when compared to surgical ablation (pooled relative risk = 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.31−4.65, p = .005, I2 = 0.0%) but not in persistent AF (relative risk = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.60−2.0, p = .773).

Conclusion

Catheter ablation was associated with higher atrial arrhythmia recurrence when compared with surgical ablation. However, our study suggests that the benefit of surgical ablation in patients with persistent AF is unclear. More studies and alternative ablation strategies investigation in persistent AF are warranted.
Flood forecasting methods for a semi‐arid and semi‐humid area in Northern China
Authors: Zhu Xueping , Zhang Yu , Qi Wei , Liang Yankuan , Zhao Xuehua , Cai Wenjun , Li Yang
Published: June 2022

The Double‐Excess (DE) model is a flood forecasting model which was developed to reflect the characteristics of runoff generation in semi‐arid and semi‐humid areas. However, the empirical unit hydrograph used in the subbasin confluence module often has low precision because of the difficulty associated with parameter quantification. This study improves the subbasin confluence module of the DE model by coupling the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) to establish the improved DE model (DE‐GIUH) to calculate the subbasin confluence based on topographic physical characteristics. The improved model is applied to the Wangjiahui Hydrological Station Basin in Northern China. Compared with the conventional DE model and the widely used hydrologic modelling system (HEC‐HMS) model, the results show that DE‐GIUH improved flood forecasting, including the component peak discharge, flood peak appearance time and flood progress. The qualified rate (QR) of all three models reached grade A (QR ≥ 85.0%). However, the proportion of the deterministic coefficient (DC) reaching grade B or above (DC ≥ 0.70) improved from 50% (HEC‐HMS) and 30% (DE) to 90% (DE‐GIUH) in the calibration period, and from 62.5% and 25% to 75% in the validation period. In particular, for large and medium floods, the proportion of DC reaching grade B and above is 100% for DE‐GIUH, which is much higher than that of the other two models. The proposed improved model provides an alternative method for flood prediction in ungauged areas.
Endo‐Radiofrequency subcision for acne scars treatment: A case series study
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Fakhim Tannaz , Torkamaniha Elham , Nouri Maryam , Rafiee Shohreh , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Behrangi Elham , Jaffary Fariba
Published: June 2022

Background

Acne scars have important psychosocial suffering for patients. Several interventions have been utilized to treat acne scars that have different degrees of efficacy and side effect. Multimodal method can attain better results to improving the physical appearance of the patients that can significantly increase the quality of life. Subcision is a recognized treatment procedure particularly for rolling acne scars, but it needs modification to increase the effect of procedure.

Aims

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Endo‐Radiofrequency (Endo‐RF) subcision in acne scars treatment.

Methods

In this study, 9 adult patients with atrophic acne scars were enrolled. The patients receive Endo‐RF subcision one time and followed up for 6 months. Outcome was measured using biometric assessment by Visioface 1000 D, Mexameter and skin ultrasound imaging system, post‐treatment photographs and patient's satisfaction.

Results

The results showed that patients had significant improvement from baseline according to the reduction of the number of skin fine and large pore (p < 0.05) and spots (p < 0.05). Also, the density and thickness of the dermis and epidermis were significantly increased (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Endo‐RF subcision modality can consider as a safe and effective method for acne scar treatment.
The psychosocial impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Neo Elise YL , Sharma Hemani , Mason Lynne , Liu Anthony , Poulton Alison , Bhurawala Habib
Published: June 2022

Aim

Type 1 diabetes mellitus has a large psychosocial impact on children and their families. This study's primary aim was to investigate whether the COVID‐19 pandemic affects the psychosocial impact of T1DM and glycaemic control.

Methods

During the 2020 lockdown, New South Wales residents were not allowed to leave home except for essential activities. After 3 months, children with T1DM and their parents were invited to complete online questionnaires. Data on glycaemic control were extracted from the children's clinical records with informed consent. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to analyse the responses.

Results

Out of 149 families, 99 responses were received, with 92 participants identified. Comparable proportions of parents (56%) and children (45%) were anxious about the child's increased risk of contracting severe illness due to COVID‐19. Most responses from parents and children were closely correlated (r > 0.5, P ≤ 0.001) There was no consistent effect of lockdown on HbA1c levels, but there was a significant inverse correlation between HbA1c levels and parents' perception of the child having clear and concrete goals for diabetes care (r = −0.25, P < 0.05). The HbA1c also correlated positively with the child feeling depressed and alone with their diabetes when isolated (r = 0.36, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Despite life‐style changes and a negative psychosocial impact, we did not find objective evidence of any detrimental impact of the lockdown on diabetic control. However, higher HbA1c correlated with children feeling more depressed and alone. There was a comparable frequency of anxiety concerning the risk of severe COVID illness in children and their parents.
Body size determines multitrophic soil microbiota community assembly associated with soil and plant attributes in a tropical seasonal rainforest
Authors: Wang Wenting , Sun Zhenhua , Mishra Sandhya , Xia Shangwen , Lin Luxiang , Yang Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

To understand soil biodiversity we need to know how soil communities are assembled. However, the relationship between soil community assembly and environmental factors, and the linkages between soil microbiota taxonomic groups and their body sizes, remain unexplored in tropical seasonal rainforests. Systematic and stratified random sampling was used to collect 243 soil and organism samples across a 20‐ha plot in a tropical seasonal rainforest in southwestern China. High‐throughput sequencing, variation analysis and principal coordinates of neighbourhood matrices were performed. Soil community composition, spatial distribution and assembly processes based on propagule size (including archaea, bacteria, fungi and nematodes) were investigated. The results showed that: (i) the community assembly of small soil microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) was mostly influenced by stochastic processes while that of larger soil organisms (nematodes) was more deterministic; (ii) the independent effects of habitat (including soil and topographic variables) and its interaction with plant attributes for community structure significantly decreased with increasing body size; and (iii) plant leaf phosphorus directly influenced the spatial distribution of soil‐available phosphorus, which indicates their indirect impact on the assembly of the soil communities. Our data suggest that the assembly of multitrophic soil communities can be explained to some extent by changes in above‐ground plant attributes. This highlights the importance of above‐ and below‐ground linkages in influencing multitrophic soil microbiota community assembly.
Quantitative oral health assessments in mechanically ventilated patients: A scoping review
Authors: Causey Christine , El Karim Ikhlas , Blackwood Bronagh , McAuley Daniel F. , Lundy Fionnuala T.
Published: June 2022

Background

Oral health is a key contributor to a person's overall health. Previous studies indicate that oral health deteriorates throughout ventilation and may contribute to the development of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Oral health at the time of initial ventilation may impact on this deterioration.

Aims

To determine the quantitative clinical assessment methods used to measure oral health and what is currently known regarding the oral health of patients at the time of initial ventilation.

Study Design

A systematic literature search using electronic bibliographic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken for this scoping review. Studies were included if patients were >18 years old and mechanically ventilated for <48 h at the time of the first oral assessment.

Results

In total, 12 studies were included. The review demonstrates a limited understanding of clinical oral health at the time of initial ventilation. Significant variation in both assessment methods and reporting of oral health makes comparison of results difficult resulting in a poor overall understanding of oral health at the time of intubation.

Conclusion

Standardized assessment and reporting methods may improve clinical application of findings and help direct future research. We suggest developing a core outcome set to ensure consistent use of assessment tools as well as standardized reporting of results.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is essential that a good understanding of oral health at the time of initial ventilation is gained so that patients receive more targeted oral hygiene intervention in ICU, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Linking xylem structure and function: the comparative method in from the cold
Authors: Olson Mark E.
Published: June 2022

This article is a Commentary on Savage et al. (2022), 235: 953–964.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Adjusted Restricted Kinematic Alignment for the Treatment of Severe Varus Deformity: Technical Note
Authors: Zheng Kai , Zhu Feng , Zhang Weicheng , Sun Houyi , Zhou Jun , Li Rongqun , Xu Yaozeng
Published: June 2022

Objective

To describe a new alignment technique of adjusted restricted kinematic alignment (arKA) for the treatment of severe varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

Three female patients (three severe varus knees) who underwent navigation‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using arKA from April 2020 to September 2020 were included in this study, with an average age of 71.33 years (range, 61 to 80 years). General anesthesia was given to all patients. Intraoperative observations including tibia resection angle, frontal femoral angle, axial femoral angle, medial and lateral gap in the extension and flexion positions and joint line translation were recorded. Also, operation duration and drainage volume were recorded. Radiographic parameters including the mechanical axis (α), coronal femoral component angle (β), coronal tibial component angle (γ), sagittal femoral component angle (δ), tibial posterior slope angle (ε), femoral‐patella angle (θ), and femoral notching were assessed. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Score. Both individual and mean measurement data were displayed.

Results

The mean tibial resection was 4.00° varus (range, 3° to 5°), and the mean frontal femoral angle was 3.67° varus (range, 3° to 4°) in extension. The flexion lateral gap was wider than the medial gap with a mean laxity of 1.34 mm. Moreover, the mean axial femoral angle was 2.67° external (range, 0° to 6°) in flexion, and the mean joint line translation was 1.00 mm proximal (range, 0 to 3 mm). In addition, the mean preoperative mechanical axis was 156.22° (range, 153.65° to 158.90°) and the mean postoperative mechanical axis was 174.04° (range, 173.83° to 174.17°) with a mean correction of 17.82°. The mean femoral angle was 92.60° (range, 91.29° to 93.30°) and the mean tibial angle was 86.95° (range, 86.83° to 87.04°) in coronal plane. The HSS score improved from an average of 46.67 points (range, 42 to 51) preoperatively to 83.67 points (range, 81 to 86) at 3 months postoperatively. The mean WOMAC score was 16.33 points at 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

The new alignment technique of arKA aims to balance the flexion and extension gap without extensive releases of soft tissue and restore the native pre‐arthritic alignment, may be a promising alignment strategy for treating severe varus deformity. However, further study and comparison with other alignment techniques is needed.
Modulation of plant development and chilling stress responses by alternative splicing events under control of the spliceosome protein SmEb in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hong Yechun , Yao Juanjuan , Huang Huan , Qian Bilian , Liu Xue , Chen Yunjuan , Pang Jia , Zhan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Zhu Jianhua
Published: June 2022

Cold stress resulting from chilling and freezing temperatures substantially inhibits plant growth and reduces crop production worldwide. Tremendous research efforts have been focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance in plants. However, little is known about the molecular nature of chilling stress responses in plants. Here we found that two allelic mutants in a spliceosome component gene SmEb (smeb‐1 and smeb‐2) are defective in development and responses to chilling stress. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that SmEb controls the splicing of many pre‐messenger RNAs (mRNAs) under chilling stress. Our results suggest that SmEb is important to maintain proper ratio of the two COP1 splicing variants (COP1a/COP1b) to fine tune the level of HY5. In addition, the transcription factor BES1 shows a dramatic defect in pre‐mRNA splicing in the smeb mutants. Ectopic expression of the two BES1 splicing variants enhances the chilling sensitivity of the smeb‐1 mutant. Furthermore, biochemical and genetic analysis showed that CBFs act as negative upstream regulators of SmEb by directly suppressing its transcription. Together, our results demonstrate that proper alternative splicing of pre‐mRNAs controlled by the spliceosome component SmEb is critical for plant development and chilling stress responses.
The genomic full‐length sequence of the HLA‐A*02:304 allele, identified by full‐length group‐specific sequencing
Authors: Hu Bin , Feng Zhihui , Jiao Shuxian , Pang Shutao
Published: June 2022

The genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐A*02:304 was identified by a group‐specific sequencing approach from China.
Blood pressure and coeliac artery blood flow responses during increased inspiratory muscle work in healthy males
Authors: Shiozawa Kana , Kashima Hideaki , Mizuno Sahiro , Ishida Koji , Katayama Keisho
Published: June 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Increased work of breathing and the accumulation of metabolites have neural and cardiovascular consequences through a respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex. The influence of the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex on splanchnic blood flow in humans remains unknown.

What is the main finding and its importance?

Coeliac artery blood flow decreased gradually during inspiratory resistive breathing, accompanied by a progressive increase in arterial blood pressure. It is possible that the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex contributes to splanchnic blood flow regulation.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of increasing inspiratory muscle work on coeliac artery blood flow. Eleven healthy young males completed the study. The subjects performed voluntary hyperventilation with or without inspiratory resistance (loading or non‐loading trial; tidal volume of 40% of vital capacity and breathing frequency of 20 breaths/min). The loading trial was conducted with inspiratory resistance (40% of maximal inspiratory pressure) and was terminated when the subjects could no longer maintain the target tidal volume or breathing frequency. The non‐loading trial was conducted without inspiratory resistance and was of the same duration as the loading trial. Arterial blood pressure was recorded using finger photoplethysmography, and coeliac artery blood flow was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Mean arterial blood pressure increased gradually during the loading trial (mean ± SD; from 89.0 ± 10.8 to 103.9 ± 17.3 mmHg) but not in the non‐loading trial (from 88.7 ± 5.9 to 90.4 ± 9.9 mmHg). Coeliac artery blood flow and coeliac vascular conductance decreased gradually during the loading trial (from 601.2 ± 155.7 to 482.6 ± 149.5 mL/min and from 6.9 ± 2.2 to 4.8 ± 1.7 mL/min/mmHg, respectively) but were unchanged in the non‐loading trial (from 630.7 ± 157.1 to 635.6 ± 195.7 mL/min and from 7.1 ± 1.8 to 7.2 ± 2.9 mL/min/mmHg, respectively). These results show that increasing inspiratory muscle work affects splanchnic blood flow regulation, and we suggest that this might be mediated by the inspiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex.
Activity Recognition With Machine Learning in Manual Grinding
Authors: Dörr Matthias , Spoden Frederik , Matthiesen Sven , Gwosch Thomas
Published: June 2022

Capturing data about manual processes and manual machining steps is important in manufacturing for better traceability, optimization, and better planning. Current manufacturing research focuses on sensor-based recognition of manual activities across multiple tools or power tools, but little on recognition within a versatile power tool type. Due to the strong influence of operator skill on process performance and consistency as well as many disturbance variables, activity recognition is a challenge in manual grinding. It is unclear how accurately manual activities can be recognized within one handheld grinder type across diverse trials. Therefore, this article investigates how manual activities can be recognized in diverse trials within an angle grinder type in a leave-one-trial-out cross-validation in comparison to classical cross-validation to identify the effect of diverse trials with four different classifies. An experimental study was conducted to collect measurement data with data loggers attached to two angle grinders, four manual activities with different abrasive tools, and three operators. Results show very good accuracies (97.68%) with cross-validation and worse accuracies (70.48%) with leave-one-trial-out cross-validation for the ensemble learning classifier. This means that recognition of the four chosen manual activities within an angle grinder is feasible but depends on how much the trial deviates from the reference training data. For further research on activity recognition in manual manufacturing, we propose the explicit consideration and evaluation of disturbance variables and diversity in data collection for the training of machine learning models.
Analysis of Flow Maldistribution in Compact Heat Exchangers
Authors: Strobel M. , Mortean M. V. V.
Published: June 2022

Most theoretical models related to thermal performance and the evaluation of pressure drop on compact heat exchangers, consider that the mass flow rate is constant and equal in all core channels. However, this hypothesis in some situations is erroneous, the effect of fluid maldistribution affects heat exchangers performance. Therefore, in the present work, an analysis of the phenomenon of fluid maldistribution in headers was performed. Experimental tests were carried out on polymeric headers, using Polyamide 2200, in order to evaluate the fluid nonuniformity. The tests were carried out with compressed air at room temperature in a wide range of mass flow rate totaling 300 experimental data. A theoretical model was used to predict the fluid maldistribution level inside the header. Based on the coefficient of variation (CoV), the presence of fluid maldistribution for low flows was verified. Besides, a new theoretical model, the standard deviation of fluid nonuniformity (σ), based on the shape factor (SF), was presented to measure maldistribution level without experimental tests. The proposed model proved to be efficient to predict the fluid nonuniformity inside the header, presenting an average error of 18% in comparison to the CoV.
An Exploration of the Application to Buildings of an Organic Rankine Cycle Power Generation System Driven by Solar Evacuated Glass Tubes
Authors: Sheng Ying , Han Wei , He Zhanghong
Published: June 2022

Solar technologies are an efficient means of addressing environmental pollution and climate change challenges. In this study, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system driven by solar evacuated glass tubes named solar water power generation (SWPG) system was experimentally investigated to explore the performance of the SWPG system in powering buildings. For ORC, a new mixture called TD-3 was introduced for the experiment after comparing the thermodynamic characteristics of five working fluids using refprop software. The solar radiation intensity was simulated for solar collectors to determine the best installation angle of the evacuated glass tubes to be 30 deg in Tianjin, China. The power generating efficiency was tested as high as 4.5% at 1:00 pm on July 15. The optimization of operating parameters and the modification of generating equipment contributed to the increase in power generation. The SWPG system could achieve an optimal power output when the system guaranteed a small superheat and no more than 3 °C subcooling using the TD-3. The transmission ratio between the generator and expander also impacted power generation that the ratio of 2:1 helped optimize the power generation.
Tribological Properties of Cu–25Zn–5Al–3Fe–3Mn Alloy at High Temperatures
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Chen Wenyuan , Zhu Shengyu , Cheng Jun , Tan Hui , Yang Jun
Published: June 2022

High-strength Cu–25Zn–5Al–3Fe–3Mn brass has broad applications as a wear-resistant copper alloy, while its tribological behavior at high temperatures has not yet been well investigated. In this paper, the tribological behavior of Cu–25Zn–5Al–3Fe–3Mn alloy was investigated at room temperature –500 °C coupled with AISI 316L and AISI 440C stainless steel. The effects of test temperatures and counterparts on its tribological properties were systemically discussed. The results indicate that the friction and wear behavior are largely dependent on the test temperatures and counterparts. And there exists a clear distinction in the friction and wear behavior when the alloy sliding against different counterparts at RT–500 °C. The tribological properties of the alloy depend on the counterparts at RT–200 °C due to that the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear for Cu/316L pairs and plastic deformation for Cu/440C pairs. When the test temperature exceeds 300 °C, the adhesive wear is main wear mechanism. The softening resistance and oxidation process is decisive for the high temperatures tribological behavior.