bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El retablo de San Agustín de Valencia, obra de Miguel del Prado (1521)
Authors: Gómez-Ferrer Lozano Mercedes
Published: June 2020

Este estudio confirma la autoría del pintor Miguel del Prado (+1521) a partir de documentación inédita para unas tablas que pertenecieron a un retablo realizado para el convento de San Agustín de la ciudad de Valencia que se conservan en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia y en el Lazaro Galdiano de Madrid. Se certifica así la personalidad de Miguel del Prado, puesta en entredicho y se confirma un corpus de pinturas, entre las que se incluye también el retablo de San Vicente para el convento dominico de Museros y otra serie de trabajos.
Un retablo de ánimas de posible origen valenciano en Villarroya de la Sierra (Zaragoza)
Authors: Criado Mainar Jesús
Published: June 2020

El artículo da a conocer el retablo de almas de la iglesia parroquial de la localidad de Villarroya de la Sierra (Zaragoza), un conjunto barroco configurado entre 1672 y 1674 en el que se incluyó una magnífica pintura sobre tabla de cronología anterior (hacia 1520-1527) para la que aquí proponemos un origen valenciano y que ya formaba parte del ajuar litúrgico del templo en 1607, si bien pensamos que pudo llegar al mismo en una fecha anterior.
De piedra negra, tinta aguada y albayalde. Las técnicas de dibujo de Joan de Joanes y el 'estado del arte' en la Valencia del siglo XVI. ¿Tradición o innovación?
Authors: Puig Isidro , Herrero Cortell Miguel Àngel
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo pretende realizar un somero análisis al corpusde dibujos sobre papel atribuido a Joan de Joanes y a sus más directos seguidores, desde una óptica metaformal, adentrándose en la génesis misma de tales diseños, desde su concepción hasta sus funciones. Han sido muy eventuales las apreciaciones sobre los procedimientos gráficos usados por el pintor y, en general, la cuestión de sus dibujos se ha abordado siempre desde la tradicional perspectiva de confrontación iconográfica y formal. No se ha ahondado en cuestiones que, a nuestro parecer, resultan claves para entender una figura tan poliédrica y compleja como la del artista valentino: como cuánto débito existe entre el ductusgráfico de Joanes y el de su padre, y qué relación guarda con la tradición hispana; o hasta qué punto puede ser la visualización de modelos y estampas italianas la responsable de su marcado italianismo. Se propone una revisión que incide en la técnica y en la elección procedimental como una vía de ida y vuelta para explicar los vínculos entre su dibujo y su metodología pictórica (más allá de la superficial apariencia). Se trata de aspectos que, en última instancia, hunden sus raíces en la praxis pictórica y en los rudimentos del oficio; en los mecanismos de trabajo del obrador y su funcionamiento; aspectos como la fijación de modelos o el uso de procedimientos mecánicos de seriación
La platería en la basílica de Algemesí (ss. XVI-XX)
Authors: Cots-Morató Francisco de Paula
Published: June 2020

Este artículo estudia la colección de plata de la Basílica de Algemesí (La Ribera Alta), formada por piezas cuya cronología abarca desde el siglo XVI al XX. Se indican las dataciones de las obras y sus marcas, asignándolas al obrador correspondiente. Las más importantes fueron labradas en los siglos XVI y XVIII, aunque también se realizan obras de platería en otras centurias.
Pyphe, a python toolbox for assessing microbial growth and cell viability in high-throughput colony screens
Authors: Kamrad Stephan , Rodríguez-López María , Cotobal Cristina , Correia-Melo Clara , Ralser Markus , Bähler Jürg
Published: June 2020

Microbial fitness screens are a key technique in functional genomics. We present an all-in-one solution, pyphe, for automating and improving data analysis pipelines associated with large-scale fitness screens, including image acquisition and quantification, data normalisation, and statistical analysis. Pyphe is versatile and processes fitness data from colony sizes, viability scores from phloxine B staining or colony growth curves, all obtained with inexpensive transilluminating flatbed scanners. We apply pyphe to show that the fitness information contained in late endpoint measurements of colony sizes is similar to maximum growth slopes from time series. We phenotype gene-deletion strains of fission yeast in 59,350 individual fitness assays in 70 conditions, revealing that colony size and viability provide complementary, independent information. Viability scores obtained from quantifying the redness of phloxine-stained colonies accurately reflect the fraction of live cells within colonies. Pyphe is user-friendly, open-source and fully documented, illustrated by applications to diverse fitness analysis scenarios.
Keraphyton gen. nov., a new Late Devonian fern-like plant from Australia
Authors: Champreux Antoine , Meyer-Berthaud Brigitte , Decombeix Anne-Laure
Published: June 2020

The first plants related to the ferns are represented by several extinct groups that emerged during the Devonian. Among them, the iridopterids are closely allied to the sphenopsids, a group represented today by the genus Equisetum. They have been documented in Middle to early Late Devonian deposits of Laurussia and the Kazakhstan plate. Their Gondwanan record is poor, with occurrences limited to Venezuela and Morocco. Here we describe a new genus from a late Late Devonian locality of New South Wales. It is represented by a single anatomically preserved large stem characterized by a star-shaped vascular system with protoxylem strands located at rib tips, and by a lack of secondary tissues. Within the first fern-like plants, this stem shares the largest number of characters with iridopterid axes but differs by the pattern of its vascular system. Keraphyton mawsoniae gen. et sp. nov. adds a new record of early fern-like plants in eastern Gondwana. It provides new insights into the anatomical diversity within this key group of plants and supports the distinctiveness of the Australian flora in the latest Devonian.
Reversal of glucocorticoid resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cells by miR-145
Authors: Long Sili , Ren Danwei , Zhong Fangfang , Niu Yana , Qin Xiang , Mu Dan , Liu Wenjun
Published: June 2020

Objective

To analyze the expression levels of miR-145 in ALL children and their effects on the prognosis of ALL and to explore the mechanism of miR-145 in reversing the resistance of ALL cells to glucocorticoids.

Methods

A GEO database dataset was used to analyze the expression levels of miR-145 in ALL children. The association between miR-145 and childhood prognosis was analyzed by the TARGET database data. The expression levels of miR-145 in the glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cell line CEM-C1 were increased by lipofectamine 2000-mediated transfection. Cell proliferation inhibition experiments were performed to detect the effect of miR-145 on the response of CEM-C1 cell line to glucocorticoids. The expression levels of the apoptotic, autophagic and drug resistance-associated genes and proteins were detected by qPCR and western blot analysis.

Results

The expression levels of miR-145 were decreased in ALL patients (P < 0.001) and the prognosis of ALL in children with high miR-145 expression was significantly improved (P < 0.001). Increased miR-145 expression can improve the sensitivity of CEM-C1 cells to glucocorticoids. The expression levels of the proapoptotic and the anti-apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2 were increased and decreased, respectively, whereas the expression levels of the autophagicgenes Beclin 1 and LC were increased. In addition, the expression levels of the drug resistance gene MDR1 were decreased.

Conclusion

The expression levels of miR-145 in ALL children were decreased and they were associated with disease prognosis. The data indicated that miR-145 can reverse cell resistance by regulating apoptosis of CEM-C1 cells and autophagy.
El futuro de las lenguas minoritarias en Internet en manos de los jóvenes prosumidores. El caso vasco
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco España, Fernandez de Arroyabe Olaortua Ainhoa , Eguskiza Sesumaga Leyre ,   Universidad del País Vasco España, Lazkano Arrillaga Iñaki ,   Universidad del País Vasco España
Published: June 2020

Este artículo ofrece un diagnóstico sobre la presencia del euskera, frente al castellano y al inglés, en el consumo y creación de nuevos formatos audiovisuales en Internet por parte de los adolescentes vascos, quienes viven en una sociedad bilingüe. Los resultados derivan de una encuesta realizada a 2426 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Guipúzcoa (12 y 16 años), y analizan la taxonomía de los contenidos audiovisuales que estos adolescentes siguen y crean. Los datos obtenidos evidencian que hay dos factores que permiten identificar y ubicar geográficamente a los jóvenes prosumidores en cuyas manos está la supervivencia del euskera. El primero es el uso preferente de la lengua vasca sobre el español en el entorno cotidiano, académico y tecnológico de los adolescentes. Este factor está directamente relacionado con el segundo, las distintas realidades sociolingüísticas que conviven en el territorio. Los prosumidores proceden sobre todo de las comarcas vascoparlantes del interior, siendo muy pocos los que viven en las zonas urbanas en las que prevalece el español. Esta investigación sienta las bases para la implementación, por parte de las instituciones vascas, de un programa de producción de contenidos audiovisuales atractivos en euskera, dirigidos a los jóvenes a través de Internet y las redes sociales.
Mujeres columnistas, liderazgos de opinión en un medio en línea colombiano
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Colombia), Bohórquez-Pereira Giovanni , Espinel Rubio Gladys Adriana ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (Colombia), Mojica Acevedo Eliana Caterine ,   Universidad de Pamplona (Colombia)
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar cuáles son los principales temas sobre los que hablan las mujeres columnistas en un diario regional colombiano, explorar cuál es la intención y estilo de sus columnas de opinión, y establecer si las mujeres columnistas pueden llegar a ser catalogadas como líderes de opinión. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de 36 columnas de opinión, del total de 95 escritas por mujeres en 2015 y publicadas en el medio en línea Vanguardia.com, de Bucaramanga, lo que permitió identificar temas, estilos e intenciones de estas publicaciones. Se concluyó que sus columnas son de análisis, conservando el estilo informativo y la actitud interpretativa, y que la interacción de sus lectores en Facebook con sus argumentaciones permitiría considerarlas líderes de opinión pública. Su posicionamiento, de acuerdo con lo hallado, es producto del abordaje profundo y crítico que realizan sobre temas de actualidad relacionados con lo ambiental, la gestión pública y la violencia de género, abandonando estereotipos femeninos relacionados exclusivamente con sexo, belleza y moda. Estos datos apoyan la evidencia que muestra que las mujeres avanzan en su posicionamiento en la espera pública, tanto en lo político como en los medios de comunicación, lo que supone la superación del hábito de reservarse para los espacios privados y discretos a cambio de alcanzar crecientemente una inserción abierta y explícita en la sociedad y en la toma de decisiones.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS FERRAMENTAS DE GESTÃO APLICADAS ÀS UNIDADES DE INFORMAÇÃO (UI): percepções dos gestores
Authors: Sobral Natanael Vitor , Amadeu Iuri Santana , Santos Lindaura Teixeira , Amaral Louise Anunciação Fonseca de Oliveira do , Cruz Tatyane Lúcia
Published: June 2020

Traz um panorama acerca da utilização de ferramentas de gestão por gestores de Unidades de Informação em seus contextos profissionais, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória executada em três fases: a primeira identifica o potencial de utilização das ferramentas de gestão de Unidades de Informação, baseando-se na produção científica e técnica; a segunda constrói um questionário para ser aplicado entre gestores de Unidades de Informação; e a terceira analisa os dados obtidos nos questionários aplicados. Os resultados estão estruturados na seguinte ordem: 1) Área de formação dos gestores; 2) Ferramentas de gestão conhecidas pelos gestores das Unidades de Informação; 3) Ferramentas de gestão utilizadas pelas Unidades de Informação; e 4) Resultados positivos alcançados em decorrência do uso das ferramentas. Quando questionados sobre as ferramentas que conheciam, as respostas dos gestores mostraram que a Matriz SWOT é a mais conhecida, com 94,4%; seguida pelo Mapa Conceitual, com 88,9%; Diagrama de Pareto, com 61,1%; PDCA, 55,6%, 5w2h, 44,4% e Business Process Management (BPM), com resultado igual ao 5w2h. Sobre as mais utilizadas, verificou-se o quadro a seguir: Mapa Conceitual (38,9%), Matriz SWOT (33,3%), 5w2h (16,7%) e PDCA (16,7%). Chama a atenção que 38,9% dos gestores nunca utilizaram nenhuma ferramenta. Com isto, nota-se na pesquisa o destaque do Mapa Conceitual e da Matriz SWOT; e a informação que todos os gestores que utilizaram ferramentas de gestão relataram ter obtido algum resultado positivo.
Liposomal Nanotherapy for Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Darwitan Anastasia , Wong Yee Shan , Nguyen Luong T. H. , Czarny Bertrand , Vincent Anita , Nedumaran Anu Maashaa , Tan Yang Fei , Muktabar Aristo , Tang Jin Kai , Ng Kee Woei , Venkatraman Subbu
Published: June 2020

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that can lead to life‐threatening events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, is characterized by the build‐up of lipids and immune cells within the arterial wall. It is understood that inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and can be a target for therapy. In support of this concept, an injectable nanoliposomal formulation encapsulating fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a corticosteroid, is developed that allows for drug delivery to atherosclerotic plaques while reducing the systemic exposure to off‐target tissues. In this study, FA is successfully incorporated into liposomal nanocarriers of around 100 nm in size with loading efficiency of 90% and the formulation exhibits sustained release up to 25 d. The anti‐inflammatory effect and cholesterol efflux capability of FA‐liposomes are demonstrated in vitro. In vivo studies carried out with an apolipoprotein E‐knockout (Apoe−/−) mouse model of atherosclerosis show accumulation of liposomes in atherosclerotic plaques, colocalization with plaque macrophages and anti‐atherogenic effect over 3 weeks of treatment. This FA‐liposomal‐based nanocarrier represents a novel potent nanotherapeutic option for atherosclerosis.
Wireless Multistimulus‐Responsive Fabric‐Based Actuators for Soft Robotic, Human–Machine Interactive, and Wearable Applications
Authors: Yin Rong , Yang Bao , Ding Xujiao , Liu Su , Zeng Wei , Li Jun , Yang Su , Tao Xiaoming
Published: June 2020

Soft actuators driven by pneumatic or electric means are heavy and clumsy with physical connections, which hinders their applications in human–machine interactive, wearable, and biomedical fields. Herewith, a light fabric bimorph actuator is reported that is driven wirelessly by optical, thermal, and magnetic energy sources. Being fabricated by laminating electrically conductive fabric and biaxially oriented polypropylene film, the actuators show a large bending curvature of 0.75 cm−1 with optical stimulus and 0.55 cm−1 with magnetic stimulus, a response time of 0.27 s with a bending angle of 100° to magnetic stimulus, more than twice faster than previously reported bimorph actuators. Their remarkable performance is attributed to the optimal structural design based on a verified Timoshenko model, electrothermal and optical properties of the conductive fabric coated by copper/nickel. It is greatly enhanced by the large difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the film and fabric. Various wireless controlled prototypes are demonstrated, including a soft gripper, soft kickers, and artificial blooming flowers, illustrating a new way to mass produce cost‐effective bimorph actuators via a simple, green, and fast approach for applications in robots, wearable, and functional textiles.
BMP‐2 Signaling and Mechanotransduction Synergize to Drive Osteogenic Differentiation via YAP/TAZ
Authors: Wei Qiang , Holle Andrew , Li Jie , Posa Francesca , Biagioni Francesca , Croci Ottavio , Benk Amelie S. , Young Jennifer , Noureddine Fatima , Deng Jie , Zhang Man , Inman Gareth J. , Spatz Joachim P. , Campaner Stefano , Cavalcanti‐Adam Elisabetta A.
Published: June 2020

Growth factors and mechanical cues synergistically affect cellular functions, triggering a variety of signaling pathways. The molecular levels of such cooperative interactions are not fully understood. Due to its role in osteogenesis, the growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) is of tremendous interest for bone regenerative medicine, osteoporosis therapeutics, and beyond. Here, contribution of BMP‐2 signaling and extracellular mechanical cues to the osteogenic commitment of C2C12 cells is investigated. It is revealed that these two distinct pathways are integrated at the transcriptional level to provide multifactorial control of cell differentiation. The activation of osteogenic genes requires the cooperation of BMP‐2 pathway‐associated Smad1/5/8 heteromeric complexes and mechanosensitive YAP/TAZ translocation. It is further demonstrated that the Smad complexes remain bound onto and active on target genes, even after BMP‐2 removal, suggesting that they act as a “molecular memory unit.” Thus, synergistic stimulation with BMP‐2 and mechanical cues drives osteogenic differentiation in a programmable fashion.
Analysis of dynamic CO2 capture over 13X zeolite monoliths in the presence of SOx, NOx and humidity
Authors: Al‐Naddaf Qasim , Lawson Shane , Rownaghi Ali A. , Rezaei Fateme
Published: June 2020

In this investigation, the CO2 capture performances of zeolite 13X monoliths with 600 and 800 cells per square inch (cpsi) in the presence of SO2/NO impurities under dry and humid conditions were evaluated and compared with that of 13X beads. Dynamic breakthrough tests demonstrated a drastic reduction in CO2 capture capacity and deterioration of kinetics under dry‐clean conditions, whereas, upon switching the feed from a clean gas to contaminated gas which contained SO2 and NO, different adsorption performance was observed. Specifically, in dry‐contaminated mode, the adsorbents retained their capture capacities with comparable kinetics to that of dry‐clean feed conditions, however, in humid‐contaminated mode, the adsorbents experienced improved CO2 uptake and CO2/N2 selectivity, albeit at the expense of deteriorated kinetics. These findings indicate that the presence of SO2 and NO contaminants, especially SO2 contaminants, lead to dramatic changes in the adsorption performance of zeolite 13X monoliths, indicating the importance of evaluating adsorbent materials under realistic conditions.
High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk features in adolescents with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Davis Shanlee M. , DeKlotz Sophia , Nadeau Kristen J. , Kelsey Megan M. , Zeitler Philip S. , Tartaglia Nicole R.
Published: June 2020

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) occurs in 1:600 males and is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Up to 50% of men with KS have metabolic syndrome, a cluster of features conferring increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These cardiometabolic (CM) risk features have not been studied in adolescents with KS. The objective of this cohort study was to compare CM risk features in adolescents with KS to controls matched for sex, age, and BMI z score. Fifty males with KS (age 10–17 years) were well‐matched to male controls (n = 50) for age (14.0 ± 1.7 vs. 14.0 ± 1.5 years) and BMI z score (0.3 ± 1.3 vs. 0.4 ± 1.2). Three CM risk features were present in 30% of adolescents with KS compared to 12% of controls (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.9, p = .048). The KS group had significantly lower HDL cholesterol (p = .006), higher triglycerides (p < .001), and greater waist circumference percentile (p < .001). Despite a normal BMI, the prevalence of CM risk features was very high in adolescents with KS, particularly for central adiposity and dyslipidemia. The pathophysiology of this metabolic profile independent of obesity needs further investigation to facilitate prevention of the high morbidity of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01585831 and NCT02723305.
Testicular function in boys with 47,XYY and relationship to phenotype
Authors: Davis Shanlee M , Bloy Luke , Roberts Timothy P.L. , Kowal Karen , Alston Amanda , Tahsin Aysha , Truxon Alyssa , Ross Judith L
Published: June 2020

An additional Y chromosome occurs in ~1 in 1,000 males, resulting in the karyotype 47,XYY. The phenotype includes tall stature, hypotonia, neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and an increased risk of infertility in adulthood. Little is known about testicular function in childhood and adolescence in 47,XYY. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess testicular function serum biomarkers, including total testosterone, inhibin B, and anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH), in 82 boys with XYY (11.3 ± 3.8 years) compared with 66 male controls (11.6 ± 3.8 years). The association of testicular hormones with physical features, neuropsychological phenotype, and magnetoencephalography (MEG) was assessed with multiple linear regression models. Results indicate males with XYY have significantly lower inhibin B (median 84 pg/ml vs. 109 pg/ml, p = .004) and higher AMH (median 41 ng/ml vs. 29 ng/ml, p = .011); however, testosterone, testicular volume, and stretched penile length were not different from controls. In the exploratory analysis of relationships between hormone concentrations and phenotypic assessments, higher inhibin B concentrations were positively correlated with lower BMI and better cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes in the XYY group. Testosterone concentrations were positively associated with better behavioral outcomes in boys with XYY. Higher testosterone and inhibin B concentrations were also associated with shorter auditory latencies measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in XYY. With a few exceptions, testicular hormones were not associated with phenotypic outcomes in controls. In conclusion, there is evidence of subtle impaired testicular function in boys with XYY and a newly described relationship between measures of testicular function and some aspects of the XYY phenotype.
Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Pyrrolyl‐ and Indolylacetic Acid: Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyridinones and One‐pot Synthesis of Pyridinones
Authors: Zhang Shuyue , Bacheley Lucas , Young Claire M. , Stark Daniel G. , O'Riordan Timothy , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: June 2020

A protocol for the isothiourea‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of pyrrolyl‐ and indolylacetic acids has been developed. Stereodefined dihydropyridinones are accessed through formal [4+2] cycloaddition of an in situ generated isothiouronium enolate with α,β‐unsaturated ketimines. The dihydropyridinones are obtained in moderate to excellent yield (26–97%), excellent diastereocontrol (all >95 : 5 dr) and moderate to excellent enantiocontrol (75 : 25–99 : 1 er). An unusual elimination of pyrrole or indole from the dihydropyridinone to access achiral pyridinones was observed and could be selectively promoted. A further one‐pot synthesis using an acyl imidazole was developed to give pyridinones in good to excellent yields (67–91%).
GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bi Danlei , Wen Lang , Wu Zujun , Shen Yong
Published: June 2020

Objective

To propose a new hypothesis that GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Background

Synaptic dysfunction and E/I imbalance emerge decades before the appearance of cognitive decline in AD patients, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Initially, E/I imbalance was thought to occur first, due to dysfunction of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems. However, new evidence has demonstrated that the GABAergic system, the counterpart of E/I balance and the major inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system, is altered enormously and that this contributes to E/I imbalance and further AD pathogenesis.

New hypothesis

Alterations to the GABAergic system, induced by multiple AD pathogenic or risk factors, contribute to E/I imbalance and AD pathogenesis.

Major challenges for the hypothesis

This GABAergic hypothesis accounts for many critical questions and common challenges confronting a new hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. More specifically, it explains why amyloid beta (Aβ), β‐secretase (BACE1), apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE ε4), hyperactive glia cells, contributes to AD pathogenesis and why age and sex are the risk factors of AD. GABAergic dysfunction promotes the spread of Aβ pathology throughout the AD brain and associated cognitive impairments, and the induction of dysfunction induced by these varied risk factors shares this common neurobiology leading to E/I imbalance. In turn, some of these factors exacerbate GABAergic dysfunction and E/I imbalance. Moreover, the GABAergic system modulates various brain functions and thus, the GABAergic hypothesis accounts for nonamnestic manifestations. Furthermore, corrections of E/I balance through manipulation of GABAergic functions have shown positive outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting the potential of the GABAergic system as a therapeutic target in AD.

Linkage to other major theories

Dysfunction of the GABAergic system is induced by multiple critical signaling pathways, which include the existing major theories of AD pathogenesis, such as the Aβ and neuroinflammation hypotheses. In a new perspective, this GABAergic hypothesis accounts for the E/I imbalance and related excitotoxicity, which contribute to cognitive decline and AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the GABAergic system could be a key target to restore, at least partially, the E/I balance and cognitive function in AD patients.
Exploratory analysis of mtDNA haplogroups in two Alzheimer's longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Swerdlow Russell H. , Hui Dongwei , Chalise Prabhakar , Sharma Palash , Wang Xinkun , Andrews Shea J. , Pa Judy , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Morris Jill , Wilkins Heather M. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Michaelis Mary L. , Michaelis Elias K. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants may influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.

Methods

We sequenced mtDNA from 146 AD and 265 cognitively normal (CN) subjects from the University of Kansas AD Center (KUADC) and assigned haplogroups. We further considered 244 AD and 242 CN AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) subjects with equivalent data.

Results

Without applying multiple comparisons corrections, KUADC haplogroup J AD and CN frequencies were 16.4% versus 7.6% (P = .007), and haplogroup K AD and CN frequencies were 4.8% versus 10.2% (P = .063). ADNI haplogroup J AD and CN frequencies were 10.7% versus 7.0% (P = .20), and haplogroup K frequencies were 4.9% versus 8.7% (P = .11). For the combined 390 AD and 507 CN cases haplogroup J frequencies were 12.8% versus 7.3% (P = .006), odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, and haplogroup K frequencies were 4.9% versus 9.5% (P = .010), OR = 0.49. Associations remained significant after adjusting for apolipoprotein E, age, and sex.

Conclusion

This exploratory analysis suggests inherited mtDNA variants influence AD risk.
Tertiary phosphine‐appended transition metal ferrocenyl dithiocarbamates: Syntheses, Hirshfeld surface, and electrochemical analyses
Authors: Singh Amita , Dutta Archisman , Singh Ashish Kumar , Trivedi Manoj , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Muddassir Mohd. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: June 2020

Five new heteroleptic complexes of Cu(I), Ag(I), and Ni(II) having formulae [Cu3(dtc)2(dppf)2]PF6(Cu‐I), [Cu3(dtc)2(dppe)2]PF6(Cu‐II), [Cu(PPh3)2(dtc)] (Cu‐III), [Ag3(dtc)2(PPh3)2]NO3(Ag‐I), and [Ni(dtc)(dppf)]PF6(Ni‐I) (dtc =N‐ethanol‐N‐methylferrocenyl‐dithiocarbamate; dppf = 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; dppe = 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; PPh3= tripheylphosphine) have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies indicate thatAg‐Iforms a rare trinuclear cluster in which the geometry around the two silver centers Ag1 and Ag3 is distorted tetrahedral, whereas the third silver center Ag2 shows a distorted trigonal planar geometry. TheNi‐Icomplex has a distorted square‐planar geometry around the Ni center. In addition, a side product [Ag2{S2(dppf)2}] (Ag‐II) was obtained during an attempt to synthesize [Ag(dppf)(dtc)], where the two Ag centers are bridged by two sulfido centers and coordinated with two phosphorus centers of the dppf ligand to give rise to a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The solid‐state structures ofAg‐I,Ni‐I, andAg‐IIare stabilized by a variety of weak interactions. The nature of these interactions has been addressed with the help of Hirshfeld surface analyses. In addition, the weak argentophilic interaction inAg‐IandAg‐IIhave been studied using quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital calculations. The electrochemical properties of the complexes have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, whereCu‐IandCu‐IIexhibited two quasi‐reversible waves, whereasCu‐III,Ag‐I,Ag‐II, andNi‐Iexhibited only one quasi‐reversible peak.
Osmolality as a lever to modulate the N‐glycolylneuraminicacid (Neu5Gc) level of a recombinant glycoprotein produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Xu Sen , Borys Michael , Khetan Anurag , Pla Itzcoatl
Published: June 2020

Glycoproteins could be highly sialylated, and controlling the sialic acid levels for some therapeutic proteins is critical to ensure product consistency and efficacy. N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, or NANA) and N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc, or NGNA) are the two most common forms of sialic acids produced in mammalian cells. As Neu5Gc is not produced in humans and can elicit immune responses, minimizing Neu5Gc formation is important in controlling this quality attribute for complex glycoproteins. In this study, a sialylated glycoprotein was used as the model molecule to study the effect of culture osmolality on Neu5Gc. A 14‐day fed‐batch process with osmolality maintained at physiological levels produced high levels of Neu5Gc. Increase of culture osmolality reduced the Neu5Gc level up to 70–80%, and the effect was proportional to the osmolality level. Through evaluating different osmolality conditions (300–450 mOsm/kg) under low or high pCO2, we demonstrated that osmolality could be an effective process lever to modulate the Neu5Gc level. Potential mechanism of osmolality impact on Neu5Gc is discussed and is hypothesized to be cytosol NADH availability related. Compared with cell line engineering efforts, this simple process lever provides the opportunity to readily modulate the Neu5Gc level in a cell culture environment.
Impact of the Dissolved Anion on the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO with Ruthenium CNC Pincer Complexes
Authors: Shirley Hunter , Figgins Matthew T. , Boudreaux Chance M. , Liyanage Nalaka P. , Lamb Robert W. , Webster Charles Edwin , Papish Elizabeth T. , Delcamp Jared H.
Published: June 2020

The reactivity of three ruthenium electrocatalysts is shown to be modulated through the addition of anions for more selective and faster electrocatalysis. Controlled potential electrolysis studies confirm the generation of CO from CO2. The Faradaic efficiency increased for the three ruthenium catalysts studied through the introduction of Cl– to the reaction solution. Interestingly, a neutral ruthenium coordination complex with an associated chloride also gave equal or faster rates of catalysis upon Cl− addition. In this report, a systematic study on the effects of added halides (I−, Br−, Cl−, and F−) with varied counter cations (K+ and TBA+) with and without water is examined. Computational analysis provides insights into this interesting increase in FE based on anion addition. These results show anion addition to electrocatalysis reaction mixtures add an additional parameter to increase both rate and selectivity of catalysis with one example improving from 19 % FE to 91 % FE for CO production.
Dihydrogen‐Driven NADPH Recycling in Imine Reduction and P450‐Catalyzed Oxidations Mediated by an Engineered O2‐Tolerant Hydrogenase
Authors: Preissler Janina , Reeve Holly A. , Zhu Tianze , Nicholson Jake , Urata Kouji , Lauterbach Lars , Wong Luet L. , Vincent Kylie A. , Lenz Oliver
Published: June 2020

The O2‐tolerant NAD+‐reducing hydrogenase (SH) from Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) has already been applied in vitro and in vivo for H2‐driven NADH recycling in coupled enzymatic reactions with various NADH‐dependent oxidoreductases. To expand the scope for application in NADPH‐dependent biocatalysis, we introduced changes in the NAD+‐binding pocket of the enzyme by rational mutagenesis, and generated a variant with significantly higher affinity for NADP+ than for the natural substrate NAD+, while retaining native O2‐tolerance. The applicability of the SH variant in H2‐driven NADPH supply was demonstrated by the full conversion of 2‐methyl‐1‐pyrroline into a single enantiomer of 2‐methylpyrrolidine catalysed by a stereoselective imine reductase. In an even more challenging reaction, the SH supported a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for the oxidation of octane under safe H2/O2 mixtures. Thus, the re‐designed SH represents a versatile platform for atom‐efficient, H2‐driven cofactor recycling in biotransformations involving NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases.
Widening the Scope of “Inherently Chiral” Electrodes: Enantiodiscrimination of Chiral Electroactive Probes with Planar Stereogenicity
Authors: Grecchi Sara , Arnaboldi Serena , Korb Marcus , Cirilli Roberto , Araneo Silvia , Guglielmi Vittoria , Tomboni Giorgio , Magni Mirko , Benincori Tiziana , Lang Heinrich , Mussini Patrizia R.
Published: June 2020

A series of planar‐stereogenicity ferrocenes, important as chiral promoters in enantioselective catalysis, is characterized in terms of relationships between structure and electronic properties. The enantiomers of six selected model cases are then successfully discriminated in voltammetry experiments on electrodes modified with electrodeposited inherently chiral oligomer films, in terms of significant potential differences, specular inverting probe or selector configuration. Small substituent changes do not alter the enantiomer peak sequence, but result in significant modulation of peak potential differences, which appear consistent with the availability of chiral/selector matching elements. The present stereogenic plane case, combined with former ones involving stereogenic centers, axes, and/or helices, shows that the inherent chirality strategy in electroanalysis can be effective with all four rigid stereogenic elements.
Synthesis of Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets Embedded in 3D Hierarchically Nitrogen‐and‐Sulfur Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Composites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Huang Moujie , Chen Huanhui , He Jiao , Chen Junning , Sun Lingna , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Deng Libo
Published: June 2020

Catalysts comprising MoS2 incorporated into 3D hierarchically N,S co‐doped carbon composites (MoS2@NSC) were prepared through a facile and scalable method by using the functional fluidic acrylonitrile telomer as a carbon source and doping agent, and SiO2 as a hard template. The optimal catalyst, MoS2@NSC‐2, showed effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity with the initial potential of 0.93 V and half‐potential of 0.82 V in basic electrolyte. In addition, MoS2@NSC‐2 favored a four‐electron reduction process and demonstrated a superior durability and methanol tolerance, which could be ascribed to its unique porous structure that can effectively facilitate the transfer of electrolyte and O2 molecules. The Mo−Nx species are formed due to the doping of N atoms into the crystal lattice of MoS2, which can further enhance the ORR catalytic activity. Our work affords a forward‐looking strategy for designing efficient and low‐cost ORR catalysts on a large scale.
Evaluation of 5H‐Thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐5‐ones as Potential GluN2A PET Tracers
Authors: He Yingfang , Whitehead David M. , Briard Emmanuelle , Numao Shin , Mu Linjing , Schibli Roger , Ametamey Simon M. , Auberson Yves P.
Published: June 2020

We describe here our efforts to develop a PET tracer for imaging GluN2A‐containing NMDA receptors, based on a 5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐5‐one scaffold. The metabolic stability and overall properties could be optimized satisfactorily, although binding affinities remained a limiting factor forin vivoimaging. We nevertheless identified 7‐(((2‐fluoroethyl)(3‐fluorophenyl)amino)‐methyl)‐3‐(2‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)‐2‐methyl‐5H‐thiazolo‐[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐5‐one ([18F]7b) as a radioligand providing good‐quality images in autoradiographic studies, as well as a tritiated derivative, 2‐(7‐(((2‐fluoroethyl)(4‐fluorophenyl)amino)methyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)cyclopropane‐1‐carbonitrile ([3H2]15b), which was used for the successful development of a radioligand binding assay. These are valuable new tools for the study of GluN2A‐containing NMDA receptors, and for the optimization of allosteric modulators binding to the pharmacophore located at the dimer interface of the GluN1‐GluN2A ligand‐binding domain.
A electronic voting protocol based on blockchain and homomorphic signcryption
Authors: Qu Wenlei , Wu Lei , Wang Wei , Liu Zhaoman , Wang Hao
Published: June 2020

Compared with traditional voting methods, electronic voting can effectively avoid the phenomenon of fraud for personal gains in various links, it is faster and more accurate in the tallying stage. However, many electronic voting systems have many problems such as inability to verify ballots, easy to be forged, and low computing efficiency. We propose an electronic voting protocol based on homomorphic signcryption and blockchain. The protocol makes the voting process public through blockchain and replaces the traditional trusted third party with the smart contract. It uses the homomorphic encryption algorithm and the homomorphic signcryption algorithm to encrypt and sign the ballot and uses their aggregation properties to perform homomorphic tally on the encrypted votes. This not only reduces the excessive burden on the voters but also improves the voting efficiency. At the same time, it can satisfy the security of electronic voting, and the amount of calculation is small, so it is more convenient and flexible to use in large‐scale voting.
Improved “K” type seven‐level switched capacitor inverter topology with Self‐voltage balancing
Authors: Jagabar Sathik M. , Sandeep N. , Almakhles Dhafer , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes an improved “K” type seven‐level switched capacitor inverter topology. The proposed topology consists of eight active switches, one floating capacitor, and two dc‐link capacitors. The floating capacitors are charged and discharged in each half‐cycle to maintain the capacitor voltage with the same value of the input voltage. The floating capacitor voltage is self‐balanced, and the output voltage is 1.5 times higher than the input voltage. To prove the superiority of the proposed topology, it is compared with the existing seven‐level inverters in terms of maximum voltage stress on the switch and required the number of power components. The simulation and experimental validation are carried out for 1.6 kW, 50 Hz using a laboratory‐based setup with a switching frequency of 5 kHz. The results are discussed highlighting the performance of the proposed topology for the dynamic load variations at different modulation indices. Both simulation results and experimental results have good agreement in terms of voltage balancing of flying capacitor.
Interobserver reproducibility of The Paris System of Reporting Urine Cytology on cytocentrifuged samples
Authors: Sahai Rishabh , Rajkumar Bindu , Joshi Prashant , Singh Ashok , Kumar Arvind , Durgapal Prashant , Gupta Arvind , Kishore Sanjeev , Chowdhury Nilotpal
Published: June 2020

Background

The Paris System of Reporting Urine Cytology aims to screen samples for HGUC and to provide a universally acceptable reporting format for urine cytology specimens. However, studies detailing the reproducibility of this system, especially on cyto‐centrifuge preparations, are lacking.

Methods

149 voided urine samples received in Department of Pathology were reviewed independently by five cytopathologists. To estimate the overall agreement, Gwet's AC and AC1statistics between each pair of raters were used. To measure the random error component, polychoric correlations were used. To assess the systematic error, Friedman test was used.

Results

There was moderately good inter‐rater agreement between the raters. Gwets AC2 ranged between 0.67 and 0.89 for the classification of the cases once the sample was found adequate for assessment, while the Gwet's AC1 ranged between 0.61 and 0.94 in assessing for adequacy. There were significant systematic differences between raters in their thresholds for the different categories as well as in differentiating between an adequate and inadequate sample (P value by Friedman test <.001). The association between pathologists was moderately high (polychoric correlations ranging from 0.67 to 0.93). In the majority (108 of 149, 72.5%) of the cases, the range of differences between raters were of one category or less, suggesting satisfactory agreement, but having large disagreements in minority.

Conclusion

The interobserver reproducibility for the Paris System is moderately good, and is suitable for adoption. It is limited by the lack of agreement as to what constitutes an adequate specimen and differing threshold for categorizing the lesions in differing groups.
Preliminary data on help‐seeking intentions and behaviors of individuals completing a widely available online screen for eating disorders in the United States
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Graham Andrea K. , DePietro Bianca , Laing Olivia , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Smolar Lauren , Park Dan , Mysko Claire , Funk Burkhardt , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E.
Published: June 2020

Objective

Scaling an online screen that provides referrals may be key in closing the treatment gap for eating disorders (EDs), but we need to understand respondents' help‐seeking intentions and behaviors after receiving screen results. This study reported on these constructs among respondents to the National Eating Disorders Association online screen who screened positive or at high risk for an ED.

Method

Respondents completed the screen over 18 months (February 9, 2018–August 28, 2019). Those screening positive or at high risk for an ED (n = 343,072) had the option to provide data on help‐seeking intentions (after screen completion) and behaviors (2‐month follow‐up).

Results

Of eligible respondents, 4.8% (n = 16,396) provided data on help‐seeking intentions, with only 33.7% of those reporting they would seek help. Only 7.6% of eligible respondents opted in to the 2‐month follow‐up, with 10.6% of those completing it (n = 2,765). Overall, 8.9% of respondents to the follow‐up reported being in treatment when they took the screen, 15.5% subsequently initiated treatment, and 75.5% did not initiate/were not already in treatment.

Discussion

Preliminary results suggest that among the small minority who provided data, only one‐third expressed help‐seeking intentions and 16% initiated treatment. Online screening should consider ways to increase respondents' motivation for and follow‐through with care.
Rapid generation of ecologically relevant behavioral novelty in experimental cichlid hybrids
Authors: Feller Anna F. , Selz Oliver M. , McGee Matthew D. , Meier Joana I. , Mwaiko Salome , Seehausen Ole
Published: June 2020

The East African cichlid radiations are characterized by repeated and rapid diversification into many distinct species with different ecological specializations and by a history of hybridization events between nonsister species. Such hybridization might provide important fuel for adaptive radiation. Interspecific hybrids can have extreme trait values or novel trait combinations and such transgressive phenotypes may allow some hybrids to explore ecological niches neither of the parental species could tap into. Here, we investigate the potential of second‐generation (F2) hybrids between two generalist cichlid species from Lake Malawi to exploit a resource neither parental species is specialized on: feeding by sifting sand. Some of the F2 hybrids phenotypically resembled fish of species that are specialized on sand sifting. We combined experimental behavioral and morphometric approaches to test whether the F2 hybrids are transgressive in both morphology and behavior related to sand sifting. We then performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using RADseq markers to investigate the genetic architecture of morphological and behavioral traits. We show that transgression is present in several morphological traits, that novel trait combinations occur, and we observe transgressive trait values in sand sifting behavior in some of the F2 hybrids. Moreover, we find QTLs for morphology and for sand sifting behavior, suggesting the existence of some loci with moderate to large effects. We demonstrate that hybridization has the potential to rapidly generate novel and ecologically relevant phenotypes that may be suited to a niche neither of the parental species occupies. Interspecific hybridization may thereby contribute to the rapid generation of ecological diversity in cichlid radiations.
Transparent Supercapacitors: From Optical Theories to Optoelectronics Applications
Authors: Kim Sang‐Woo , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: June 2020

The ever‐increasing demand for smart optoelectronics spurs the relentless pursuit of transparent wireless devices as a game‐changing technology that can provide unseen visual information behind the electronics. To enable successful operation of the transparent wireless devices, their power sources should be highly transparent in addition to acquiring reliable electrochemical performance. Among various transparent power sources, supercapacitors (SCs) have been extensively investigated as a promising candidate due to their exceptional cyclability, power capability, material diversity, and scalable/low‐cost processability. Herein, we describe current status and challenges of transparent SCs, with a focus on their core materials, performance advancements, and integration with application devices. A special attention is devoted to transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) which act as a key‐enabling component in the transparent SCs. Based on fundamental understanding of optical theories and operating principles of transparent materials, we comprehensively discuss materials chemistry, structural design, and fabrication techniques of TCEs. In addition, noteworthy progresses of transparent SCs are briefly overviewed in terms of their architectural design, opto‐electrochemical performance, flexibility, form factors, and integration compatibility with transparent flexible/wearable devices of interest. Finally, development direction and outlook of transparent SCs are explored along with their viable roles in future application fields.