bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated analysis of the total choline resonance peak in breast proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Javor Domagoj , Bennani‐Baiti Barbara I. , Clauser Paola , Kifjak Daria , Baltzer Pascal A. T.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of fully automated software with human expert interpretation of single‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) spectra in the assessment of breast lesions. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (including contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and diffusion‐weighted imaging) and 1H‐MRS images of 74 consecutive patients were acquired on a 3‐T positron emission tomography‐MRI scanner then automatically imported into and analyzed by SpecTec‐ULR 1.1 software (LifeTec Solutions GmbH). All ensuing 117 spectra were additionally independently analyzed and interpreted by two blinded radiologists. Histopathology of at least 24 months of imaging follow‐up served as the reference standard. Nonparametric Spearman's correlation coefficients for all measured parameters (signal‐to‐noise ratio [SNR] and integral of total choline [tCho]), Passing and Bablok regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis, were calculated to assess test diagnostic performance, as well as to compare automated with manual reading. Based on 117 spectra of 74 patients, the area under the curve for tCho SNR and integrals ranged from 0.768 to 0.814 and from 0.721 to 0.784 to distinguish benign from malignant tissue, respectively. Neither method displayed significant differences between measurements (automated vs. human expert readers, p > 0.05), in line with the results from the univariate Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, as well as the Passing and Bablok regression analysis. It was concluded that this pilot study demonstrates that 1H‐MRS data from breast MRI can be automatically exported and interpreted by SpecTec‐ULR 1.1 software. The diagnostic performance of this software was not inferior to human expert readers.
Comparison between self‐reported and actigraphy‐derived sleep measures in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition: Secondary analysis of observational data
Authors: Rahmoune Adline , Winkler Marion F. , Saxena Richa , Compher Charlene , Dashti Hassan S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) frequently report disrupted sleep. However, there are often inconsistencies between objectively measured and questionnaire‐derived sleep measures. We compared sleep measures estimated from wrist actigraphy and self‐report in adults receiving HPN.

Methods

In this secondary analysis, we pooled data from two sleep‐related studies enrolling adults receiving habitual HPN. We compared measures from 7‐day averages of wrist actigraphy against comparable responses to a sleep questionnaire. Sleep measures included bedtime, wake time, time in bed, total sleep time, and sleep onset latency (SOL). Spearman correlation coefficients, Bland‐Altman plots, and linear regression models for each set of sleep measures provided estimates of agreement.

Results

Participants (N = 35) had a mean age of 52 years, body mass index of 21.6 kg/m2, and 77% identified as female. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.90, were highest for wake time (r = 0.90) and bedtime (r = 0.74), and lowest for total sleep time (r = 0.35). Actigraphy overestimated self‐reported bedtime, wake time, and total sleep time and underestimated self‐reported time in bed and SOL. Regression coefficients indicated the highest calibration for bedtime and wake time and lower calibration for time in bed, total sleep time, and SOL.

Conclusion

We observed strong‐to‐moderate agreement between sleep measures derived from wrist actigraphy and self‐report in adults receiving HPN. Weaker correlations for total sleep time and SOL may indicate low wrist actigraphy sensitivity. Low‐quality sleep resulting from sleep disruptions may have also contributed to an underreporting of perceived sleep quantity and lower concordance.
Association of adversities and mental health among first‐ and second‐generation Arab American young adults
Authors: Albdour Maha , DiMambro Marissa R. , Solberg Marvin A. , Jenuwine Elizabeth S. , Kurzer Julie A. M. J. , Hong Jun Sung
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of mental health problems among young adults is widely recognized. However, limited research has examined the mental health of Arab American young adults specifically. To address this gap in the literature, this study aimed to investigate the effects of multiple stressors including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), discrimination, and bullying victimization on the mental health of first‐ and second‐generation Arab American young adults. The participants (N = 162) were recruited from a Midwest university using online and in‐person methods. They were screened and completed a demographic questionnaire and self‐report measures of ACEs, discrimination, bullying victimization, and mental health. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect of psychosocial stressors on mental health and the moderating effect of generation (first vs. second) on that relationship. Female gender, increased perceived discrimination, and more ACEs were associated with lower mental health scores (β = −0.316, p < 0.001, β = −0.308, p < 0.001, and β = −0.230, p = 0.002, respectively). There was a significant negative relationship between victimization and mental health for first‐generation Arab Americans (β = −0.356, p = 0.010). However, that association all but disappeared for second‐generation participants (β = 0.006, p = 0.953). The results highlight the impact of multiple adversities on Arab American young adults' mental health and indicate important nuances related to their generation in the association between bullying victimization and mental health. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Optimizing the Performance of Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Employing 2D Tungsten Disulfide as an HTL by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Luo Wei , He Jingnan , Sun Yu , Wang Hongyu , Guo Xin
Published: October 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have emerged as a prominent research area in solar cell development owing to their high‐efficiency and low‐cost photovoltaic technology. However, the transport layers typically employed in PSCs are organic materials, which may lead to unstable performance. In this work, a PSC with an indium tin oxide/WS2/FASnI3/Cd0.5Zn0.5S/Al configuration is proposed, and the parameters are optimized using the solar cell capacitance simulator‐1D program. In the present study, the impact of the WS2 layer thickness, electron‐transport layer material selection, absorber layer parameters, and interfacial defect states on the performance of the proposed solar cell is investigated. The optimized structure yields a power conversion efficiency of 23.1%, which is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. The combination of an inorganic hole‐transport layer of WS2 presented in this work offers a novel approach to the development of PSCs.
Fabrication of Plasmonic Microcubes by Laser Ablation of Au‐Nanoparticles‐Loaded Acrylate
Authors: Lorenz Pierre , Zajadacz Joachim , Lotnyk Andriy , Gerlach Jürgen W. , Ehrhardt Martin , Kirchner Robert , Zimmer Klaus
Published: October 2023

The fabrication of plasmonic 3D microstructures is still a challenge. In this study, the fabrication of gold‐nanoparticle (Au‐NP)‐filled acrylate‐based micron‐scale cuboids forming plasmonic 3D particles is investigated. UV curable acrylate is mixed with HAuCl4 and spin‐coated onto a fused silica wafer. UV light and heat treatment of the layer result in polymerization of the acrylate and formation of Au‐NPs with a plasmonic resonance ranging from 535 to 550 nm. The plasmonic resonance wavelength decreases slightly with increasing UV dose. The resonance wavelength can be shifted by a subsequent annealing process. The decreasing resonance wavelength with increasing annealing temperature is discussed as a result of the increasing Au‐NPs. The size and the distribution of the resulting gold particles in the acrylate matrix is investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The Au‐NPs‐filled acrylate layer is laser structured using a UV‐femtosecond laser, which allows the fabrication of adjustable micro‐cuboids with edge lengths down to 15 μm. The laser‐cut micro‐cuboids are transferred into isopropanol and the plasmonic properties of the structures in the liquid are successfully demonstrated. The presented concept allows easy and large‐scale fabrication of plasmonic microstructures with independently adjustable plasmonic properties and microstructural size and shape.
Transition of Working Modes in Organic Photodetectors: Tuning the Electrode Work Function for Photodiode‐to‐Photoconductor Switching
Authors: Wang Tiening , Bai Guozhen , Deng Zhenbo , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng , Hu Yufeng
Published: October 2023

The two categories of organic photodetectors (OPDs) can be distinguished as the photodiode mode and the photoconductor mode. The role of the contact between the electrode and active layer in determining the specific type of photodetector is of utmost importance. In this study, the transition of working modes between the photodiode type and the photoconductor type in OPDs is demonstrated. Specifically, OPDs based on the indium tin oxide/Cs2CO3/P3HT: PC61BM/Al (or Au) structure are fabricated. In the corresponding characterization results, distinct working modes are showcased. For the device with the Au electrode, under reverse bias, the photo‐generated charges can efficiently transport to their respective electrodes and subsequently be collected. This behavior aligns with the photodiode type. Conversely, in the device with the Al electrode, the photo‐generated charges accumulate near the interface between the Cs2CO3 layer and the active layer. Subsequently, under reverse bias, tunneling charge injection occurs, resulting in the photoconductor type with an external quantum efficiency exceeding 100%. Both the photodiode and photoconductor devices exhibit a high signal‐to‐noise ratio ranging from 104 to 105 and fast response on the order of microseconds at −0.5 V. In these findings, the possibility of obtaining desirable working‐mode OPDs by manipulating the electrode work function is suggested.
The future of baby cosmetics packaging and sustainable development: A look at sustainable materials and packaging innovations – A systematic review
Authors: Vrabič‐Brodnjak Urška , Jestratijević Iva
Published: October 2023

Packaging waste's ecological impact, stemming from resource depletion, plastic pollution, and climate concerns, is prompting environmental worries. Within the baby cosmetics domain, management task involves balancing safety, hygiene standards, consumer preferences, and regulations, all while adopting eco‐friendly packaging. This study presents a holistic global assessment of sustainable packaging options tailored for the baby cosmetics sector. By employing a systematic methodology encompassing planning using Python programming, data evaluation, analysis, and synthesis, the investigation scrutinized packaging claims from 2048 brands, including 76 specializing in baby cosmetics. Findings reveal that while 39% of brands omit packaging material details, 61% embrace recyclable, refillable, or bio‐based alternatives. This shift underscores a growing sustainability inclination, though undisclosed packaging materials indicate transparency gaps, urging enhanced regulations. Remarkably, only 14 baby cosmetic brands among those studied incorporate diverse certifications and standards. This study's novelty lies in its exhaustive analysis of sustainable packaging solutions tailored for the baby cosmetics sector. It highlights the pressing need for cosmetic companies to adopt sustainable packaging, ensure transparency, and collaborate industry‐wide to ensure a sustainable future for baby cosmetic packaging.
Combination and SLR validation of IGS Repro3 orbits for ITRF2020
Authors: Zajdel Radosław , Masoumi Salim , Sośnica Krzysztof , Gałdyn Filip , Strugarek Dariusz , Bury Grzegorz
Published: October 2023

In preparation for the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020, the International GNSS Service analysis centers released the results of the third reprocessing campaign (IGS Repro 3) of all the GNSS network solutions backwards starting from 1994. For the first time, the IGS reprocessing products included not just GPS and GLONASS, but also the Galileo constellation. In this study, we describe the methodology and results of the orbit combination provided by the IGS Analysis Center Coordinator (IGS ACC) at Geoscience Australia. The quality of the combined orbit products was cross-checked with the individual IGS Repro3 Analysis Center (AC) contributions. The internal consistency of the individual Analysis Center (AC) solutions with the combined orbits was assessed based on the root mean square of the 3D orbit differences. In 2020, the mean consistency of the combination is at the level of 9, 23, and 15 mm for GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, respectively. The external validation of the orbits was performed using Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). We proposed a novel approach to handling detector-specific biases in the results of SLR validation, which reduced the standard deviation of SLR residuals by up to 13% for Galileo FOC satellites. This method is based on bias aligning the offsets to single-photon SLR stations that were treated as a reference. The proposed approach increased the internal consistency of the SLR dataset, facilitating the detection of orbit modeling issues. The standard deviation of SLR residuals of the best individual solution versus the combined solution equals 13/13, 15/17, 17/17, 18/19 mm for Galileo-FOC, -IOV, GLONASS-K1B, -M, respectively. Therefore, the combined solution can be considered equal in quality compared to the best individual AC solutions. Searching for patterns in SLR residuals for different satellite-Sun-Earth geometries revealed that some orbit modeling issues are not fully diminished for individual ACs. Eventually, our findings suggest that the delivered combined orbit product may be considered the best solution overall, as it benefits from the best individual solutions for each satellite type.
A computational study of two promising tweezers
Authors: Sayaheen Mohammad , Otero Nicolás , Peña-Gallego Angeles
Published: October 2023

A DFT study was carried out to explore the properties of two nonplanar π-conjugated systems that share dibenzo[a,e]-cyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) as a fundamental element. These systems were presented as molecules with potential use as tweezers and in optoelectronic applications due to their expected nonlinear optical effects. Structure optimizations, TD-DFT calculations, molecular orbitals and topological analysis were performed for C36N2H18O4 and C26H18 structures, formed by one and two 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene rings, respectively, with and without the Na cation. This alkali cation was used as a model to investigate the potential of these molecules as tweezers. The results show a V-shaped structure as a minimum in the ground state for both molecules. This angular structure can trap the Na cation very effectively, especially for one of the cases. In addition, the present analysis opens new studies to explore the use of these systems as tweezers of other cations, anions or aromatic molecules that may exhibit π-stacking. The analysis of the molecular orbitals involved in the main electronic transitions allows us to propose that these systems will have interesting optical properties.
Sok: vector OLE-based zero-knowledge protocols
Authors: Baum Carsten , Dittmer Samuel , Scholl Peter , Wang Xiao
Published: October 2023

A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic protocol where a prover can convince a verifier that a statement is true, without revealing any further information except for the truth of the statement. This article is a survey of recent developments in building practical zero-knowledge proof systems using vector oblivious linear evaluation (VOLE), a tool from secure two-party computation. In this work, we attempt to systematize the recent works on VOLE-based Zero-Knowledge proofs and make the state of the art accessible in one document.
Relative performance evaluation of machine learning algorithms for land use classification using multispectral moderate resolution data
Authors: Ramachandra T. V. , Mondal Tulika , Setturu Bharath
Published: October 2023

Analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of land use and land cover through multi-resolution remote sensing data provide valuable insights into landscape dynamics. Land use changes leading to land degradation and deforestation have been a prime mover for changes in the climate. This necessitates accurately assessing land use dynamics using a machine-learning algorithm’s temporal remote sensing data. The current study investigates land use using the temporal Landsat data from 1973 to 2021 in Chikamagaluru district, Karnataka. The land cover analysis showed 2.77% decrease in vegetation cover. The performance of three supervised learning techniques, namely Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC) were assessed, and results reveal that RF has performed better with an overall accuracy of 90.22% and a kappa value of 0.85. Land use classification has been performed with supervised machine learning classifier Random Forest (RF), which showed a decrease in the forest cover (48.91%) with an increase of agriculture (6.13%), horticulture (43.14%) and built-up cover (2.10%). Forests have been shrinking due to anthropogenic forces, especially forest encroachment for agriculture and industrial development, resulting in forest fragmentation and habitat loss. The fragmentation analysis provided the structural change in the forest cover, where interior forest cover was lost by 27.67% from 1973 to 2021, which highlights intense anthropogenic pressure even in the core Western Ghats regions with dense forests. Temporal details of the extent and condition of land use form an information base for decision-makers.
Water storages in Tana-Beles sub-basin of Ethiopia: what do we know, and where should we go?
Authors: Assefa Tewodros T. , Taye Meron Teferi , Ebrahim Girma Yimer , Lautze Jonathan , Seid Abdulkarim Hussein
Published: October 2023

The Tana-Beles sub-basin, a strategic economic growth corridor in Ethiopia, relies on water storage to provide a suite of key services to agriculture, drinking water supply, energy, and ecosystems. While there are a range of storage options (e.g., from large dams to subsurface aquifers) that can be utilized to provide these services, a systematic stock-take of literature on water storage in the Tana-Beles has not been undertaken. This knowledge gap constrains the identification of the relative contribution of different storage types in the Tana-Beles. Accordingly, in this study, we conducted a systematic review of literature on the surface and sub-surface storages to examine key issues of the different storage types and their linkages in the Tana-Beles sub-basin. Peer-reviewed and grey publications from various databases were considered for the systematic review. The results indicate that literature in the Tana-Beles sub-basin is more focused on natural storage like wetlands and Lake Tana than built storage types like human-made reservoirs. Overall, the analysis revealed three key points. First, storage volume and water quality in those storages are declining. Second, the causal factors for storage loss and water quality deterioration are agricultural expansion, land degradation, sedimentation, and increasing water withdrawals. Third, the storage gap will increase because of climate change, population, and economic growth while current management options are fragmented. Therefore, the need for more integrated nexus approaches is paramount to optimize storage resources in water, food, energy, and ecosystems in light of population-driven growth in demand and the ongoing global climate crisis.
The interference of negative emotional stimuli on semantic vigilance performance in a dual-task setting
Authors: Zsidó András N. , Matuz András , Julia Basler , Darnai Gergely , Csathó Árpád
Published: October 2023

A large body of previous research has shown that emotional stimuli have an advantage in a wide variety of cognitive processes. This was mainly observed in visual search and working memory tasks. Emotionally charged objects draw and hold attention, are remembered better, and interfere more with the completion of the primary task than neutral ones. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that emotional stimuli also greatly affect sustained attention and vigilance decrement. In the present research, we investigated whether emotional stimuli demand more attentional resources than neutral ones in a dual-task paradigm. We adopted the abbreviated semantic discrimination vigilance task and measured participants’ (N = 49) performance in a single-task and two dual-task settings. In the dual-task conditions, the visual semantic vigilance paradigm was combined with an auditory word recall task (with neutral or emotional stimuli). We found reduced vigilance and improved word recall performance in the emotional dual-task condition compared to the neutral dual-task and single-task conditions. The reduced performance was apparent throughout the task, while in the neutral conditions, participants’ performance first increased and then dropped as time progressed. To conclude, our results indicate that emotional stimuli not only have an advantage in cognitive processing but also demand more attentional resources continuously while it is present compared to neutral stimuli. These results are consistent with the emotionality effect theory and evolutionary accounts of the neural circuits underlying motivated behaviors associated with critical survival needs.
Overall assessment of patients with type 1 Gaucher disease: a single-centre’s experience
Authors: Dursun Huseyin , Yildizhan Esra , Bayram Fahri
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the demographic and clinical data of patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, a rare disease, at a single centre.

Methods

The data of patients with type 1 Gaucher disease who were followed up at the Endocrinology Department of Erciyes University’s Medical Faculty Hospital between 2019 and 2021 were evaluated.

Results

We evaluated 13 patients with type 1 Gaucher disease who were diagnosed or followed up at our centre and whose data could be accessed. Four of the patients were male, and nine were female. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 33 (± 11.32) years. Hepatomegaly was present in 11 of the 13 patients. Eight of the 13 patients had splenomegaly. Three patients had undergone splenectomy. The liver and spleen dimensions of two patients were normal. The platelet count was normal in three of the 10 patients without a history of undergoing splenectomy. Bone densitometry revealed that six patients had a lumbar z-score of ≤  − 2.5. Five patients had a score between − 1 and − 2.5, and two patients had a normal z-score. The mean treatment duration was 36 (± 19.46) months. All our patients were administered enzyme replacement therapy.

Conclusion

Gaucher disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease that affects many systems. It causes irreversible morbidity in patients in whom diagnosis is delayed. The main treatment modality was enzyme replacement therapy. Because it is a rare and multisystemic disease, patients should be followed up at centres with experience in treating Gaucher disease.
Validating the role of PTGIS gene in colorectal cancer by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments
Authors: Ding Hui , Wang Kai-yun , Chen Si-yang , Guo Kai-Wen , Qiu Wen-hong
Published: October 2023

Prostaglandin I2 synthase (PTGIS) is a member of the cytochrome P450 family. Studies have revealed that differential expression of the PTGIS gene is closely related to the pathological and physiological processes of many diseases, including breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and head and neck cancer. However, the mechanism of action of the PTGIS gene in colorectal cancer is not fully understood. This study explored the role of PTGIS in colorectal cancer through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments, and found that the expression of PTGIS gene in colorectal cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal colorectal tissue (P < 0.05), and high expression of PTGIS gene was associated with poor prognosis in patients (P < 0.05). The KEGG results showed that PTGIS-related genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and cancer pathways. The expression of PTGIS may be related to immune infiltration. Cell experiments showed that PTGIS was expressed at a lower level in cancer. Overexpression of PTGIS inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of SW480 colorectal cancer cells. Analysis of the PTGIS gene in this study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and finding more accurate new targets for early screening and treatment of the cancer.
Multi-model sequential analysis of MRI data for microstructure prediction in heterogeneous tissue
Authors: Enríquez-Mier-y-Terán Francisco E. , Chatterjee Aritrick , Antic Tatjana , Oto Aytekin , Karczmar Gregory , Bourne Roger
Published: October 2023

We propose a general method for combining multiple models to predict tissue microstructure, with an exemplar using in vivo diffusion-relaxation MRI data. The proposed method obviates the need to select a single ’optimum’ structure model for data analysis in heterogeneous tissues where the best model varies according to local environment. We break signal interpretation into a three-stage sequence: (1) application of multiple semi-phenomenological models to predict the physical properties of tissue water pools contributing to the observed signal; (2) from each Stage-1 semi-phenomenological model, application of a tissue microstructure model to predict the relative volumes of tissue structure components that make up each water pool; and (3) aggregation of the predictions of tissue structure, with weightings based on model likelihood and fractional volumes of the water pools from Stage-1. The multiple model approach is expected to reduce prediction variance in tissue regions where a complex model is overparameterised, and bias where a model is underparameterised. The separation of signal characterisation (Stage-1) from biological assignment (Stage-2) enables alternative biological interpretations of the observed physical properties of the system, by application of different tissue structure models. The proposed method is exemplified with human prostate diffusion-relaxation MRI data, but has potential application to a wide range of analyses where a single model may not be optimal throughout the sampled domain.
Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of four Polygonatum species insights into DNA barcoding, evolution, and phylogeny
Authors: Yan Meixiu , Dong Shujie , Gong Qiuyi , Xu Qin , Ge Yuqing
Published: October 2023

The Polygonatum genus represents a perennial herb with the Liliaceae family, boasting substantial economic and medicinal significance. The majority of Polygonatum plants exhibit notable similarity while lacking distinctive identifying characteristics, thus resulting in the proliferation of adulterated medicinal materials within the market. Within this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of four Polygonatum plants and compared them with four closely akin species. The primary objectives were to unveil structural variations, species divergence, and the phylogenetic interrelations among taxa. The cp genomes of the four Polygonatum species were typified by a conventional quadripartite structure, incorporating a large single copy region (LSC), a small single copy region (SSC), and a pair of inverted repeat regions. In total, we annotated a range of 131 to 133 genes, encompassing 84 to 86 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 0 to 2 pseudogenes (ycf1, infA). Our comparative analyses unequivocally revealed a remarkable consistency in gene order and GC content within the Polygonatum genus. Furthermore, we predicted a potential 59 to 64 RNA editing sites distributed across 22 protein-coding genes, with the ndhB gene exhibiting the most prominent propensity for RNA editing sites, boasting a tally of 15 sites. Notably, six regions of substantial potential variability were ascertained, characterized by elevated Pi values. Noteworthy, molecular markers for species identification, population genetic scrutiny, and phylogenetic investigations within the genus were identified in the form of the psaJ-rpl33 and trnS + trnT-psaD barcodes. The resultant phylogenetic tree unequivocally depicted the formation of a monophyletic clade comprising species within the evolutionary framework of Liliaceae, demonstrating closer evolutionary affinities with Maianthemum, Dracaeneae, and Asparageae. This comprehensive compendium of findings collectively contributes to the advancement of molecular species identification, elucidation of phylogenetic interrelationships, and the establishment of DNA barcodes tailored to the Polygonatum species.
Characteristics of FXa-storing platelets in hemophilia B mice and the influence of alcohol on the platelets
Authors: Han Wenwen , Huang Rui , Li Binbin , Liu Lu , Xu Wenjue , Zhang Guowei
Published: October 2023

Platelet-stored activated blood coagulation factor X (FXa) has great potential in the gene therapy of hemophilia B (HB). However, we still need to understand more about the properties of FXa-storing platelets and how dietary factors affect them. We created transgenic mice called 2bFXa-HB, which had stable expression and storage of FXa in their platelets, resulting in the alleviation of the bleeding disorder in these mice. Even after inducing anti-factor IX (FIX) inhibitors in 2bFXa-HB mice, the hemorrhage phenotype could still be rescued by the expression of FXa. The activation capacity of 2bFXa-HB platelets remained unchanged, and there were no signs of elevated thrombotic risk in these mice. In an acute alcohol exposure mouse model, a single administration of alcohol reduced both the number of platelets and their activation capacity, as well as impaired coagulation function. However, it did not increase the markers of thrombotic risk in either 2bFXa-HB or HB mice. These results suggest that FXa storage in platelets is safe and effective for treatment of HB, but alcohol could impair the therapeutic effect of FXa-containing platelets.
Optimal design of impeller for self-priming pump based on orthogonal method
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Zhang Kai-Yuan , Zhu Zu-Chao
Published: October 2023

In order to improve the efficiency of the self-priming pump in the outdoor emergency rescue mobile pump truck, this paper took the key energy conversion component-impeller as the target and used the orthogonal experimental design method to optimize its hydraulic performance. Firstly the numerical calculations were compared with the experimental results to confirm the reliability of the calculation method. Then, L9 (34) orthogonal design was applied to investigate the influence of the impeller diameter, the blade outlet width, the blade wrap angle and the number of blades on the hydraulic performance of the self-priming pump. Through range analysis, the order of influence of each influencing factor on the head and efficiency of the self-priming pump was determined, and finally obtained the optimal parameter combination scheme. The results show that the optimized self-priming pump exceeds the head of the prototype pump at all flow conditions, and the efficiency curve at high flow conditions is significantly improved and has a wide high efficiency zone.
Association between stress-related disorders and the risk of dementia using the Korean National Sample Cohort: a matched cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyunkyu , Park Yu Shin , Kim Seung Hoon , Hurh Kyungduk , Kim Jinhyun , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In
Published: October 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with the development of dementia; however, the association of dementia risk with overall stress-related disorders is less known. This study investigated the association between stress-related disorders and the risk of dementia in a Korean nationwide sample cohort. The data analyzed in this study were acquired from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort between 2002 and 2013. Using a 1:3 propensity score matching, 8906 patients with stress-related disorders and 26,718 control participants were included in the analysis. Patients with stress-related disorders had a higher risk of developing dementia after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.30) than control participants. Patients with PTSD showed the highest risk of increase (HR = 1.78) than those with other types of stress-related disorders. Patients with stress-related disorders showed the highest and significantly increased risk for Alzheimer’s dementia (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.56). These results indicated an association between a history of stress-related disorders and the risk of dementia in the South Korean population. Further research investigating the causal mechanisms is needed.
Sublimation-based wafer-scale monolayer WS2 formation via self-limited thinning of few-layer WS2
Authors: Chen Mingxi , Chai Jianwei , Wu Jing , Zheng Haofei , Wu Wen-Ya , Lourembam James , Lin Ming , Kim Jun-Young , Kim Jaewon , Ang Kah-Wee , Ng Man-Fai , Medina Henry , Tong Shi Wun , Chi Dongzhi
Published: October 2023

We present the use of an in situ self-limited thinning of few-layer WS2 formed by the sulfurization of WOx for the growth of wafer-scale fully-covered monolayer WS2. This thinning approach can also be utilized for the preparation of monolayer MoS2.
The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Plant Waste, Livestock Waste, and Fish Waste on Growth of Marigold
Authors: Widnyana I. Ketut , Eka Pasmidi Ariati Putu , Sumantra I. Ketut , Wahyu Wijaya I. Made , Suanda I. Wayan , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih , Ekawati Ida , Dwi Purbajanti Endang , Anwar Shazma , Bouchama Khaled
Published: October 2023

This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments consisting of four types of liquid organic fertilizer, NPK Mutiara fertilizer, and control (without fertilizer) which was repeated four times. The results showed that the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant (P< 0.05) to very significant (P< 0.01) effect on the growth and yield of marigold flower plants. The highest weight of marigold flowers per plant was found in the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer mixed with plant waste, livestock waste, and fish waste of 79.70 g, followed by treatment of liquid organic fertilizer of fish waste at 59.13 g, liquid organic fertilizer from livestock waste at 51.43 g, NPK Mutiara fertilizer of 34.78 g, plant waste of 28.17 g, and the lowest flower weight per plant was found in the control (without fertilizer) of 25.57 g per plant. The mixed liquid organic fertilizer treatment gave the best effect, which was able to increase the number of marigold flowers up to 246 %, flower diameter 114 %, flower fresh weight 137 %, and flower weight per plant up to 311. 69 % compared to the control.
A journey to Earth’s center, courtesy of an exotic iron crystal
Authors: Miller Johanna
Published: October 2023

Laboratory experiments are helping researchers get closer to solving some of the mysteries of the solid inner core.
When tenure fails
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: October 2023

The prospect of losing out on tenure can be frightening. But many who have been denied tenure have gone on to build successful careers in education or elsewhere.
History of a publishing colossus
Authors: Baldwin Melinda
Published: October 2023

A History of Scientific Journals: Publishing at the Royal Society, 1665–2015, Aileen Fyfe, Noah Moxham, Julie McDougall-Waters, and Camilla Mørk Røstvik
The standard model for beginners
Authors: Turner Michael S.
Published: October 2023

Quantum Field Theory, as Simply as Possible, A. Zee
Early end of embryonic diapause and overall reproductive activity in roe deer populations from Bavaria
Authors: Ehrmantraut C. , Wild T. , Dahl S.-A. , Wagner N. , König A.
Published: October 2023

Context According to the established, older literature, the embryonic diapause (ED) in roe deer ends in late December. In many other species groups, phenological phases are shifting as a result of climatic changes. Whether this is the case in roe deer for the period of ED has not yet been explicitly investigated. Aim The aim of this study was to obtain an up-to-date overview of the reproduction of roe deer in Bavaria, particularly with regard to climate change. Methods For this purpose, uterus samples were taken from roe deer aged at least 1 year between September and January and examined macroscopically. The samples were collected during regular hunting activities in Bavaria in the years 2017–2020. Key results A large proportion of the female roe deer examined was found to have been already engaged in reproduction. In 98% of the animals, Corpora lutea (CL) were present in the ovaries. Adult does had significantly more CL than did subadult does just reaching sexual maturity. In 75 roe deer does, 128 embryos, in total, were detected. On average, 1.67 embryos were found per doe with visible embryos. Of these does, 30% carried a single embryo, 67% were bearing twins and 3% were bearing triplets. The animals with visible embryos ranged in age from 1 to 12 years. In a few cases, ED was already completed in November or early December. By the end of the hunting season, a correspondingly wide variety of developmental stages of embryos was visible. Our study suggests potential indications that older animals or those with a higher body mass end ED earlier. Conclusions Overall, the results indicated vigorous reproductive activity in the study area. The results showed that some individuals already end the ED in November or early December, so they may adapt to an earlier onset of the vegetation period. In contrast, we found a few individuals that ended the ED during January, which illustrates the temporal range of the ED. Implications Whether the early end of diapause in these roe deer is a reaction to climatic changes or whether there are other underlying causes is something that requires further investigation.
Fucose modifies short chain fatty acid and H2S formation through alterations of microbial cross-feeding activities
Authors: Høgsgaard Karina , Vidal Natalia P , Marietou Angeliki , Fiehn Oliver Gam , Li Qing , Bechtner Julia , Catalano Jacopo , Martinez Mario M , Schwab Clarissa
Published: October 2023

Algae are a rich but unexplored source of fibers with the potential to contribute to the next generation of prebiotics. The sulfated brown algae polysaccharide, fucoidan, is mainly composed of the deoxy-hexose L-fucose, which can be metabolized to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) or lactate by gut microbes as precursors of propionate and butyrate. It was the aim of this study to investigate the impact of fucoidan on the fermentation capacity of the fecal microbiota and to compare to fucose. In batch fermentations of fecal microbiota collected from 17 donor samples, fucose promoted the production of propionate while no consistent effect was observed for commercial fucoidan and Fucus vesiculosus extract prepared in this study containing laminarin and fucoidan. H2S production was detected under all tested conditions, and levels were significantly lower in the presence of fucose in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of high fucose levels led to higher relative abundance of microbial 1,2-PD and lactate cross-feeders. Our results highlight that fucose and not fucoidan addition impacted fermentation capacity and increased the proportions of propionate and butyrate, which allows for precise modulation of intestinal microbiota activity.
Non-saccharomyces yeast probiotics: revealing relevance and potential
Authors: Vergara Silvia Cristina , Leiva María José , Mestre María Victoria , Vazquez Fabio , Nally María Cristina , Maturano Yolanda Paola
Published: October 2023

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are unicellular eukaryotes that play important roles in diverse ecological niches. In recent decades, their physiological and morphological properties have been reevaluated and reassessed, demonstrating the enormous potential they possess in various fields of application. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have gained relevance as probiotics, and in vitro and in vivo assays are very promising and offer a research niche with novel applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industry. Several beneficial effects have been described, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and gastrointestinal modulation and regulation functions. In addition, several positive effects of bioactive compounds or production of specific enzymes have been reported on physical, mental and neurodegenerative diseases as well as on the organoleptic properties of the final product. Other points to highlight are the multiomics as a tool to enhance characteristics of interest within the industry; as well as microencapsulation offer a wide field of study that opens the niche of food matrices as carriers of probiotics; in turn, non-Saccharomyces yeasts offer an interesting alternative as microencapsulating cells of various compounds of interest.
The Role of Smoking, Obesity, and Physical Inactivity in Cognitive Performance and Decline: A Multicohort Study
Authors: Hong Chenlu , Liu Zhaorui , Liu Yating , Jin Yinzi , Luo Yanan
Published: October 2023

Background

Unhealthy lifestyles are recognized contributors to cognitive decline, yet limited evidence focuses on their roles in cognitive decline rate. This study examined the role of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity in cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline by birth cohort on a global scale.

Methods

Utilizing data from 4 prospective cohort studies (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Health and Retirement Study, and Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) across 14 countries, a multicohort study was performed. Eligible participants were aged 50 years and older. Linear mixed models were employed to detect the role of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity in cognitive function domains (epidemic memory, working memory, and time orientation).

Results

Higher scores of cognitive functions were found in participants who engaged in more vigorous physical activity, were noncurrent smokers, and maintained underweight (eg, for episodic memory scores in females at 60 years, vigorous physical activity: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.49). In addition, a slower rate of cognitive decline was also found in individuals who engaged in moderate or vigorous physical activity, were noncurrent smokers, and maintained not being underweight (eg, for episodic memory scores changing from 50 to 70 years old in females, vigorous physical activity: from 0.54 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.57) to 0.40 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.44) and in males from 0.33 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.36) to 0.11 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.14).

Conclusions

We confirmed the beneficial impact of healthy lifestyles in preventing cognitive decline and promoting healthy aging. Urgent measures are needed to identify and encourage healthy lifestyles, such as strengthening tobacco control, developing policy on physical activity promotion, and preventing underweight, to minimize worldwide levels of cognitive decline.
Being present and meaningful engagement for aged care residents living with dementia: A mixed-methods evaluation of Australian care worker’s experiences
Authors: Swinton John , Vilapakkam Nagarajan Srivalli , Atee Mustafa , Morris Thomas , Poulos Christopher J
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives

Meaningful engagement is essential for aged care residents living with dementia . Our knowledge pertaining to caring presence for residents living with dementia is limited. This study aims to understand care workers’ experiences of providing care to residents , the challenges they face in being present with residents and support that enable them to be more present and provide person-centred care.

Research Design and Methods

A mixed-methods approach using surveys and semi-structured interviews with care workers from three Australian residential aged care homes (RACHs) was adopted. Surveys were analysed using descriptive statistics. Open-ended survey responses and interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Twenty-six care workers completed surveys and a subset (n = 8) participated in interviews. Survey participants were largely positive about their role and reported that they loved caring for and making a difference in the lives of residents. Three themes emerged from interviews: (1) Trust, connection and the complexities of maintaining engagement; (2) Time as gift and challenge; (3) Organisational culture, structure and resources and enabling carer presence.

Discussion and Implications

Care workers in our study expressed their desire to be present with residents and stated that enablers such as meaningfully engaging with residents was one of the most enjoyable aspects of their work. Barriers such as staff shortages, competing demands of the role and time-related impediments to being present were reported. Addressing challenges to being present with residents living with dementia is key to help avoiding poor care practices and resident outcomes.
Gut microbial signatures of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and their healthy first-degree relatives
Authors: Feng Jing , Wu Yalin , Dai Peng , Wang Dong , Liu Lixin , Chai Baofeng
Published: October 2023

Aims

The gut microbiome has been recognized as a significant contributor to primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with mounting evidence indicating associations between bacterial components and cancers of the digestive system.

Methods and results

Here, to characterize gut bacterial signature in patients with primary HCC and to assess the diagnostic potential of bacterial taxa for primary HCC, 21 HCC patients and 21 healthy first-degree relatives (control group) were enrolled in this study. Bacterial DNA in the fecal samples was quantified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that 743 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared between patients with primary HCC and healthy controls. Of these, 197 OTUs were unique to patients with primary HCC, while 95 OTUs were unique to healthy subjects. Additionally, we observed significant differences in the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Romboutsia between patients with primary HCC and their healthy first-degree relatives. Besides, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Prevotella_9 was positively correlated with physiological indicators including AST, ALT, ALB, or TBIL. Signature bacterial taxa could serve as non-invasive biomarkers, of which Romboutsia and Veillonella were identified as differential taxa in fecal samples from patients with HCC compared to healthy controls. Romboutsia showed a strong association with HCC (AUC = 0.802). Additionally, the combination of Romboutsia and Veillonella (AUC = 0.812) or the grouping of Fusobacterium, Faccalibacterium, and Peptostreptococcacae together (AUC = 0.762) exhibited promising outcomes for the diagnosis of HCC.

Conclusions

The composition of gut microbes in patients with HCC was found to be significantly altered. Differential taxa Romboutsia, Veillonella, and Peptostreptococcacae could be tested for identification of HCC.