bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les dispositifs d’évaluation des acquis d’apprentissage à l’université de Bordeaux (partie 1 – points de vue des étudiants)
Authors: Roiné Christophe
Published: September 2023

L’évaluation des acquis d’apprentissage (EAA) dans l’enseignement supérieur fait l’objet depuis une dizaine d’années d’une attention nouvelle dans les travaux de recherche francophones. Pour autant, la réalité des dispositifs communs d’évaluation proposés aux étudiants reste peu investiguée. L’article (partie 1 de notre enquête) propose les résultats d’une vaste enquête menée auprès de plus de 6000 étudiants de l’université de Bordeaux, interrogeant leurs représentations, leurs ressentis et leurs expériences vécues sur cette question des EAA. Les étudiants s’accordent pour conférer une grande importance aux EAA, mais sont critiques sur les formes concrètes que prennent ces évaluations. Les critiques s’adressent principalement aux questions de manque de rétroactions, à l’opacité des critères utilisés pour juger des travaux, à l’univocité des dispositifs utilisés, aux sentiments d’iniquité et de stress qui ressortent des expériences vécues.
A TRAGÉDIA DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 PRESENTE NOS RELATÓRIOS DOS RESIDENTES
Authors: Soares Paulo Sérgio Gomes , Ranieri Gonçalves Costa Ítalo , Oliveira Dantas Elisângela , Mota Veloso Tayana , Barreto e Melo Vinícius
Published: September 2023

Na edição do PRP 2020-2022 a comunidade escolar teve de se adaptar ao Ensino Remoto Emergencial e aprender com o “novo normal”. Na prática docente, os professores experimentaram metodologias alternativas com o uso das tecnologias e plataformas virtuais para atender às exigências impostas pela pandemia da Covid-19. A atuação dos residentes foi realizada no Colégio Estadual Girassol de Tempo Integral Rachel de Queiroz, no município de Palmas-TO, em meio à apreensão e a tristeza diante da tragédia da pandemia da Covid-19, sendo registrada nos relatórios mensais, parcial e final, como documentos que tanto mostram o processo de formação, quanto retratam diferentes aspectos da saúde mental dos residentes. Vimos a necessidade de refletir sobre essa realidade no presente artigo, como forma de resguardar o momento histórico de incertezas e limitações no campo educacional. A Pesquisa Participante forneceu as bases para a observação participante e coleta de dados que compõem o cenário descritivo, abordando as dificuldades enfrentadas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem virtual e o contexto da necropolítica no combate à pandemia, como fatores que refletiram diretamente na saúde mental dos residentes e provocaram limitações na formação de professores para o Ensino de Filosofia.
Predicting the Number of Train Passengers in Java Island using SARIMA Model
Authors: Muthoharoh Luluk
Published: September 2023

Kereta api saat ini telah menjadi salah satu transportasi umum yang populer untuk perjalanan jarak menengah dan jauh. Jumlah penumpang KA sulit diprediksi saat musim liburan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi jumlah penumpang kereta api menggunakan metode Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). Tahapan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi (1) persiapan dataset, (2) data preprocessing, dan (3) pengujian dan metode eksperimen. Model SARIMA yang diperoleh adalah ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,2)[12] dengan nilai AIC sebesar 2379,265. Sebuah model diagnostik dilakukan, dan ditemukan bahwa model tersebut cukup baik. Sehingga metode SARIMA yang digunakan dalam memprediksi penumpang adalah akurat.
Isolation based on antioxidant activity of 80% ethanolic extract faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.) stem bark
Authors: Ruskim Jennifer , Budiono Ryanto , Kartini Kartini , Oktaviyanti Nina Dewi , Setiawan Finna
Published: September 2023

Background: Free radicals consist of one or more unpaired electrons in an outer orbit that causes them to be more reactive. This will lead to oxidative stress, which is one of the major causes of degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. Therefore, consuming sufficient antioxidants can prevent oxidative stress. Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.) is one of the endemic medicinal plants in East Nusa Tenggara and is a resource of antioxidants that are supported by scientific evidence. Until now, information about the antioxidant compounds in Faloak was limited. Objective: This study aims to identify active compounds in an 80% ethanol extract from faloak bark as antioxidants based on their TLC-bioautography profiles using an ABTS assay. Method: The methods of this study start with the preparation of simplicia, fractination using kinetic maceration, compound group identification and TLC-bioautography, separation using column chromatography [stationary phase: silica H60; mobile phase: 2-propanol: chloroform: acetic acid glacial (5:1:0,5)], identification using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and antioxidant activity determination of the extract and isolate using an ABTS assay. Result: Through this study, a subfraction (SFFE A) with a brown-red color and a blue spot under UV 365 nm and an Rf value of 0.65 was obtained. This subfraction (SFFE A) was predicted to be a polyphenol compound. The inhibition percentages of 125, 250, and 500 ppm successively are 80,93%; 95,54%; and 96,69%. Conclusion: The active isolate of ethanol extracting 80% of the faloak stem bark is suspected to be a polyphenol group and has strong antioxidant activity.
The study of conformity of the pharmaceutical service in Puskesmas Bogor City towards PMK No. 74, 2016
Authors: Nhestricia Nhadira , Kusworo Hero Prasetio , Setiani Lusi Agus
Published: September 2023

Background: Improving the quality of pharmaceutical services requires a change in the old product-oriented paradigm (drug-oriented) into a new patient-oriented paradigm (patient-oriented) by executing pharmaceutical care. Improving the quality of pharmaceutical services to people who have direct contact through primary health care as the first-level health facility refers to PMK No. 74 of 2016. Objective: This study aims to determine the description of the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards at the Primary Health care facility in Bogor City for the 2022 period based on PMK No. 74 of 2016. Method: This study used a descriptive approach with an exploratory research type. Retrieval of data using questionnaire instruments and observation checklists The research was conducted for six months, from April to September 2022. The population in this study (24 primary health care and 24 pharmacy installation heads as respondents). Results: Based on the research results, the description of the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards at Bogor City Primary Health Care, based on PMK No. 74 of 2016, for the 2022 period showed that the average value of the questionnaire and observation instruments in the fields of management of pharmaceutical supplies and medical consumables (BMHP), clinical pharmacy services, and pharmaceutical quality control had successive values of 94.87, 85.5, and 100% (very good). The results of the value of the availability of pharmaceutical human resources were 95.83% (very good). Conclusion: The conclusion of the implementation of pharmaceutical services at the Bogor City Primary Health Care is in accordance with the pharmaceutical service standards at the Primary Health Care based on PMK No. 74 of 2016.
In-silico study of antioxidant-anticancer activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of Mangifera species using molecular docking PLANTs
Authors: Ramadhan Hafiz , Forestryan Dyera , Sayakt Putri Indah , Riyad Mahmud , Restapaty Ratna
Published: September 2023

Background:The development of science and technology has created a study of anticancer drug discovery through molecular docking. This method can be applied to screening natural compounds that have antioxidant properties as anticancer candidates.Objective:The aim of the in-silicostudy is to find out the potential antioxidant-anticancer activities using molecular docking of phenolic and flavonoid compounds contained in the Mangifera species.Methods:Mangiferin, homomangiferin, isomangiferin, quercitrin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, catechin, epicatechin, daidzein, genistein, α-tocopherol, gallic acid as the test compounds and Vitamin C, doxorubicin, and hydroxyurea as comparison were prepared with MarvinSketch. The targeted protein data bank (PDB) codes used are 1V4S, 1XAN, 2BEL, 4K7O, 5M2F, 6COX, and 2W3L which were prepared with YASARA. The prepared compounds and proteins docked with each other using PLANTs software.Result:The in-silicoresults showed that only vitamin C can exceed the native ligand docking against the 1V4S receptor. α-tocopherol has a better binding affinity compared to vitamin C on 1XAN, 2BEL, and 5M2F but could not reach the native ligand score. All of the test compounds have the potential antioxidant activity against the 4K7O protein receptor, but α-tocopherol is the only one that has the ability to inhibit the 6COX protein receptor. α-tocopherol also has better anticancer activity against breast cancer initiator (2W3L) compared to other test compounds, doxorubicin, hydroxyurea, and native ligands. Conclusion:The conclusion is that α-tocopherol has the most potential as an antioxidant and anticancer candidate through in silicostudies.
Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Faloak (Sterculia quardifida R.Br) Extract Syrup with Variations in Addition of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Authors: Tenda Priska Ernestina , Kapitan Lely A. V. , Indrawati Maria I. M. , Soeharto Faizal R
Published: September 2023

Background: Faloak is known to contain flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins, all of which have antioxidant activity. The preparation of faloak in the dosage form of syrup has been completed, but the suboptimal extraction of the active ingredient reduces the antioxidant activity of the syrup. In this study, the syrup was created by macerating extracts of faloak and red ginger, which contain active substances. The quality of the syrup is further evaluated for its antioxidant activity. Objective: To determine the characteristics of the extract, the quality of the syrup, and the antioxidant activity of the syrup. Method: During extraction using the maceration technique, both specific and non-specific characteristics of the extract are evaluated. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to measure antioxidant activity. Results: The results of testing particular properties revealed that faloak and red ginger extracts contained flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenols, and tannins. The faloak and red ginger extracts had a water content of 5.926 ± 0.116 and 4.270 ± 0.121, respectively, and a total ash content of 2.430 ± 0.160 and 3.570 ± 0.140, according to non-specific analyses of the extract. The IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of formula 1 and formula 2 syrups were 114.002 ± 0.174 and 107.888 ± 0.115 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The addition of red ginger to Faloak syrup increases its antioxidant activity compared to that of the syrup without the addition of red ginger, although both syrups have moderate antioxidant activity. Keywords: Faloak, syrup, antioxidant, DPPH
PARADIM OF AHWAL SYAKHSHIYAH STUDENTS REGARDING VIOLENCE AGAINTS WOMEN IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: Syiva Syatila  , Putri Cita Aulia  , Febbi Rivani
Published: September 2023

Islam teaches its adherents that there is no right for men or women to commit violence or hurt one another. Violence against women is increasingly visible in this digital era. Women are more of a target or topic in an issue. This happens because of the feeling of despair from the majority of men who think that their people are higher than women. understanding this is what causes violence against women by blaming women for attitudes, behavior, ways of dressing, and so on. There are many types of violence perpetrated against women in this digital era. Most of the videos circulating show women who do not respond to violence perpetrated by men. This is because women who resist the violence they experience are still considered taboo by society. The views of Ahwal Syakhshiyah students regarding violence against women need to be straightened out and understood.
From Zin the Mythical Heroine to Zilan, the First Kurdish Female Suicide Bomber: The PKK’s Creation of a New Feminist Figuration
Authors: Topal Mustafa Kemal
Published: September 2023

This article examines how the Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK) and its leader Abdullah Öcalan draw inspiration for their national struggle, through an appropriation of the female figure Zin from the 1692 classic Kurdish love myth Mem and Zin written by Ehmedê Xanî (1650-1707), turning her into a symbol of love for the nation. Based on interviews with some fully-fledged members of PKK and Abdullah Öcalan’s written works, as well as observations from fieldwork conducted in the mountainous areas of Iraq, this article will analyse how an old love story has become entangled with the PKK’s national struggle and its pursuit of a new human type, one that might truly represent a new type of freedom fighter. In this re-configuration, love for the opposite sex must be transformed radically into love for the native land, with death as a consequence if sacrifice is seen as necessary. Drawing on the work of Donna J. Haraway, Elisabeth Grosz and Rosi Braidotti, this analysis examines how history, nature, geography, myth, and nostalgia are employed in the re-configuration of gender and love, and in the creation of a new feminist figuration that recalls Haraway’s cyborg figure.
Intersecting Geographies/Intertextual Traces: Queered Desire and Imperilled Love in Michael Cunningham’s By Nightfall and Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice
Authors: Graham-Smith Gregory
Published: September 2023

This article explores Michael Cunningham’s 2010 novel, By Nightfall along with its suggestive fragments of Thomas Mann’s novella Death in Venice (1912). In an examination of two beautiful young men, Tadzio in Death in Venice and Mizzy in By Nightfall, the article investigates the dialectic between (queered) desire and death/self-dissolution. Through a deployment of Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, the article will interrogate the permeable boundaries between homoerotic love, beauty and death. Derrida’s concept of the trace is used as indicative of the paradoxical relationship between absence and presence to investigate the imbrication of the constitutive and yet also destructive and unstable relationship between Eros and Thanatos, beauty and lack, ideality and actuality. In both texts, art and the quest for ideal beauty become fatally caught up with self- deception and sexual ambiguity, played out against the respective backdrops of early twentieth-century Venice and contemporary Manhattan. In the figures of Gustav Aschenbach and Peter Harris, the article demonstrates how they embody a threatened heterosexuality and a precarious selfhood involving, not only a courting of death, but, furthermore, an exposure of the fissures within seemingly hegemonic gendered subjectivity.
‘Males and Females the Girl Consumes!’: Food, Desire and Unstable Gender Expression in Zinaid Meeran’s Saracen at the Gates
Authors: Pretorius Antoinette
Published: September 2023

This article analyses the ways in which food discourse is employed to destabilise essentialised notions of culture and gender in South African author Zinaid Meeran’s début novel, Saracen at the Gates (2009). The article explains how Meeran disrupts stratified conceptions of culture through his alimentary cartograph, and how food is used to disrupt religious identification. His depiction of the desiring queer body is interpreted as that which ruptures the limits of control and excess associated with appetite through analysing his representation of desire as simultaneously fluid, culturally specific and material. The article concludes that Meeran’s alimentary cartography allows for the creation of alternative constructions of identity that coalesce around the gustatory.
Targeted Mass Spectrometry Reveals Interferon-Dependent Eicosanoid and Fatty Acid Alterations in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Scott Hannah C. , Draganov Simeon D. , Yu Zhanru , Kessler Benedikt M. , Pinto-Fernández Adán
Published: September 2023

Bioactive lipids are involved in cellular signalling events with links to human disease. Many of these are involved in inflammation under normal and pathological conditions. Despite being attractive molecules from a pharmacological point of view, detection and quantification of lipids has been a major challenge. Here, we have optimised a liquid chromatography dynamic multiple reaction monitoring targeted mass spectrometry (LC-dMRM-MS) approach to profile eicosanoids and fatty acids in biological samples. In particular, by applying this analytic workflow to study a cellular model of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML), we found that intra- and extra-cellular 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), intracellular Arachidonic Acid (AA), and extracellular Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), Palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and Stearic acid (SA, C18:0) were altered in response to immunomodulation by type I Interferon (IFN-I), a currently approved treatment for CML. Our observations indicate changes in eicosanoid and fatty acid metabolism with potential relevance in the context of cancer inflammation and CML.
The Effects of a 12-Month Dried Plum Consumption on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers in Korean Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Open-Labeled, Controlled Study
Authors: Yoo Jun-il , Je Minkyung , Kim Yoona , Clifton Peter Marshall
Published: September 2023

Consumption of prunes has been shown to slow bone loss after menopause in American women but there is no data on its effects in Asian women. 135 postmenopausal Korean women with osteopenia were randomized to 100g/day of prunes or no prunes with 600U vitamin D and 800mg of calcium for 12 months. Bone density was measured at baseline and 12 months in the lumbar spine, both hips and the L forearm. Serum levels of CTX and P1NP and vitamin D calcium and phosphate were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. PTH was measured at baseline if vitamin D was low Four women dropped out of each group over the 12 months. There was no difference between groups in blood measures or bone density in any region over the 12 month trial., In conclusion 100g/day of prunes has no effect in Korean woman on bone density or bone markers.
Exploring the Methane to Methanol Oxidation Over Iron and Copper Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: D’Angelo Paola , Tavani Francesco , Tofoni Alessandro
Published: September 2023

The direct methane to methanol (MTM) oxidation is a grand challenge in catalysis, with profound economical implications for the modern chemical industry. Bioinspired metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with active iron and copper sites have been emerging very recently as innovative catalytic platforms to accomplish the MTM conversion under mild conditions. This review discusses the current state of the art regarding the application of MOFs with iron and copper catalytic centers to perform the MTM reaction, with a focus on the diverse spectroscopic techniques used to unveil the electronic and structural properties of the MOF catalysts at a microscopic level. We explore the synthetic strategies employed to incorporate iron and copper sites into different MOF topologies, the efficiency and selectivity of the iron- and copper-bearing MOF catalysts, and the ensuing MTM reaction mechanisms proposed on the basis of spectroscopic characterization supported by theory. In particular, we evidence how the combination of complementary spectroscopic tools probing different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is particularly useful to reach a satisfactory understanding of the key reaction pathways and intermediates. Finally, we provide a critical perspective on future directions to advance the use of MOFs to accomplish the MTM reaction.
Xylella fastidiosa: An Updated Review
Authors: Loureiro Talita , Mesquita Maria Manuel , Dapkevicius Maria de Lurdes Enes , Serra Luís , Martins Ângela , Cortez Isabel , Poeta Patrícia
Published: September 2023

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is classified as a quarantine pest due to its consequences on economically significant crops. Its main form of transmission in Europe is through the insect Philaenus spumarius. Due to climate change, populations of insect vectors became more extensive, resulting in the dissemination of the bacteria through longer periods, but destruction of these insects raises issues, due to their role in nature. Upon infection, Xf causes the occlusion of xylem vessels by bacterial aggregates, and tylosis production by the plant as a response to infection. Although symptomatic manifestations of Xf are often linked to water stress, a variety of plant species have been found to carry the pathogen without symptoms, making it all too easy to evade detection when relying on visual inspections. Beyond water stress, other conditions (individual plant resistance/tolerance, bacterial concentrations, transpiration rates, and interactions between subspecies) may be implicated in symptom development. A thorough understanding of how this disease develops, especially its capacity to spread from the initial focus and establish a systemic infection, is imperative. This review focuses on the Xf infection process, the development of symptoms, its spread within Portugal, and the actions that have been taken to counter it.
The Epidemiological and Economic Impact of COVID‑19 in Kazakhstan. Agent-Based Modelling
Authors: Koichubekov Berik , Korshukov Ilya , Takuadina Aliya , Sorokina Marina , Turmukhambetova Anar
Published: September 2023

Background. We created agent-based model for short- and longterm forecasting of COVID-19 and for evaluation how the actions of the regulator affected the human and material resources of the healthcare system.
Methods. The model was implemented in the AnyLogic software. It includes two state charts – social network and disease transmission. The COVID-19 Essential Supplies Forecasting Tool (COVID-ESFT, version 2.0) was used to determine healthcare resources needed.
Results. Satisfactory results were obtained with long-term (up to 50 days) forecasting in the case of a monotonous change in total cases curve. However, if periods of relative stability are accompanied by sudden outbreaks, relatively satisfactory results were obtained with short-term forecasting, up to 10 days.
Simulation of various scenarios showed that the most important place for the spread of infection are families. Wherein the maximum number of cases of COVID-19 is observed in the age group of 26-59 years. Due to a set of measures taken by government agencies, the number of cases in Karaganda city was 3.2 times less than was predicted in “no intervention” scenario. Economic effect is estimated at 40 %.
Conclusion. Performed model is an attempt to consider as much as possible the peculiarities of the socio-demographic situation in the country. In the future, we will be prepared to some extent for challenges like those we have experienced in the past three years.
Genus Litophyton: A Hidden Treasure Trove of Structurally Unique and Diversely Bioactive Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Yan Xian-Yun , Zhang Ling , Yang Qi-Bin , Ge Zeng-Yue , Liang Lin-Fu , Guo Yue-Wei
Published: September 2023

Marine soft corals are prolific sources of various natural products that have served as a wealthy reservoir of diverse chemical scaffolds for new drug leads. The genus Litophyton contains almost 100 species but only a small part of them had been classified and chemically investigated, which calls for more attentions from the global researchers. In the current work, 109 secondary metabolites have been discussed based on published data from 1975 to July, 2023, covering a period of near five decades. The studied species of the genus Litophyton inhabited various tropical and temperate regions and afforded a variety of biologically active natural products such as terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and lipids. A wide spectrum of pharmacological effects of these compounds had been evaluated, including cytotoxic, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-malarial, antifeedant, molluscicidal, PTP1B inhibitory, and insect growth inhibitory activities. This review aims to provide an up-to-date literature survey and comprehensive insight into chemical structures, taxonomical distributions, and biological activities of the reported metabolites from the title genus whenever available.
Safety and Efficacy of Prestige Coils for Embolization of Vascular Abnormalities: The Embo-Prestige Study
Authors: Frandon Julien , Loffroy Romaric , Marcelin Clement , Vernhet-Kovacsik Hélène , Greffier Joel , Dabli Djamel , Sammoud Skander , Marek Pierre , Chevallier Olivier , Beregi Jean-Paul , Rousseau Hervé
Published: September 2023

: Background: A wide variety of coils are available for vascular embolization. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new Prestige coil. Method: Retrospective analysis of a multicentre registry data collected between February 2022 and November 2022. The choice of the embolization agent used was left at the investigator’s discretion to treat peripheral vascular anomalies. Patients for whom at least one Prestige coil was used were included in Series 1. All other patients were included in Series 2. Efficacy and safety were evaluated. Patients were followed up for one month. Results: 220 patients were included, 110 in each series. Patients were 149 men (67.7%) and 71 women (32.3%), of median age 62.5 years [IQR: 35.8-73], similar in the two series. The complete occlusion of the targeted vessel was reported in 96.4% (N=106/110) in Series 1 and in 99.7% (N=109/110) in Series 2. 4 patients experienced non-serious adverse events (1.8%, N=4/220): 1 back pain, 1 vomiting in Series 1, 1 off-target embolization and 1 puncture site hematoma in Series 2. 16 patients (7.2%, N=16/220) were lost to follow up. Improvement of the patient’s general state at one month was reported in 79.0% (N=83/105) in Series 1 and in 74.7% (N=74/99) in Series 2. 10 deaths occurred, 5 in Series 1 (4.8 %, N=5/105) and 5 in Series 2 (5.1%, N=5/99). They all concerned critically ill patients embolized for emergent arterial bleeding. Conclusion: the 1-month follow-up showed that the Prestige coils, alone or in combination, are efficient and safe.
HIV Drug Resistance Patterns and Characteristics Associated with Clinically Significant Drug Resistance among Children with Virologic Failure on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kenya: Findings from the Opt4Kids Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abuogi Lisa L , Oyaro Patrick , Wakjira Garoma , Thomas Katherine K , Scallon Andrea , Mukui Irene , Chohan Bhavna H. , Brown Evelyn , Karauki Enericah , Yongo Nashon , Ahmed Bilaal , Hassan Shukri A. , Wagude James , Kinywa Eunice , Otieno Lindah , Kingwara Leonard , Oyaro Boaz , Frenkel Lisa M , John-Stewart Grace , Patel Rena C
Published: September 2023

Increasing HIV drug resistance (DR) among children with HIV (CHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is concerning. CHIV ages 1-14 years enrolled March 2019 to December 2020 from five facilities in Kisumu County, Kenya were included. Children were randomized 1:1 to control (standard-of-care) or intervention (point-of-care viral load (POC VL) testing every three months with targeted genotypic drug resistance testing (DRT) for VF (> 1000 copies/ml)). A multidisciplinary committee reviewed CHIV with DRT results and offered treatment recommendations. We describe DR mutations and present logistic regression models to identify factors associated with clinically significant DR. We enrolled 704 children in the study; median age was 9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 7,12), 344 (49%) were female and median time on ART was 5 years (IQR 3, 8). During the study period, 106 (15%) children had DRT results (84 intervention and 22 control). DRT detected mutations associate with DR in all participants tested, with 93 (88%) having major mutations, including 51 (54%) with dual class resistance. A history of VF in prior 2 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 11.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3, 20.0) and less than 2 years on ART at enrollment (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1, 4.4) were associated with increased odds of major DR. DR is highly prevalent among CHIV on ART with VF in Kenya. Factors associated with drug resistance may be used to determine which children should be prioritized for DRT.
Novel Antiviral Molecules against Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Collados Rodriguez Mila , Maillard Patrick , Journeaux Alexandra , Komarova Anastassia V. , Najburg Valérie , David Raul-Youssef Sanchez , Helynck Olivier , Guo Mingzhe , Zhong Jin , Baize Sylvain , Jacob Yves , Munier-Lehmann Hélène , Meurs Eliane F.
Published: September 2023

Infection with Ebola virus (EBOV) is responsible for haemorrhagic fever in humans with a high mortality rate. Combined efforts of prevention and therapeutic intervention are required to tackle highly variable RNA viruses, whose infections often lead to outbreaks. Here, we have screened the 2P2I3D chemical library using a nanoluc-based protein complementation assay (NPCA) and isolated two compounds disrupting the interaction of the EBOV protein fragment VP35IID with the N terminus of the dsRNA-binding proteins PKR and PACT, involved in IFN response and/or intrinsic immunity, respectively. The two compounds inhibited EBOV infection in cell culture as well as infection by measles virus (MV) independently of IFN induction. Consequently, we propose the compounds are antiviral by restoring intrinsic immunity driven by PACT. Given that PACT is highly conserved across mammals, we support further testing of the compounds in other species, as well as against further negative sense RNA viruses.
Determination of Hazard due to Debris Flows
Authors: Bocanegra Ricardo A. , Ramírez Callejas Carlos Alberto , Salcedo Hurtado Elkin de Jesús , Lorza María Paula
Published: September 2023

Debris flows have generated major disasters worldwide due to their great destructive capacity, which is associated with their high energy levels and short response times. To achieve an adequate risk management of these events, it is necessary to define as accurately as possible the different hazard levels to which the territory is exposed. This article develops a new methodology to estimate this hazard based on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow and the granulometry of the sediments that can be mobilized by the flow. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow are determined through a mathematical modeling that considers the rheology of non-Newtonian flows and the different volumes of sediments that could be transported during events corresponding to different return periods. The proposed methodology was implemented in the Jamundí River basin (Colombia). The results obtained indicate that in the upper part of this basin there is a low hazard level, while in the lower part of the basin approximately 15% of the affected territory has a medium hazard level and the remaining 85% has a low hazard level. The methodology developed is simple to implement but technically rigorous since it considers all relevant aspects in the generation of debris flows.
Impact of Deposition Power and Gas Flow Ratio on Tribological Properties of Titanium Vanadium Nitride Thin Films
Authors: Chauhan Kamlesh V. , Rawal Sushant , Patel Nicky P. , Subhedar Dattatraya G.
Published: September 2023

Magnetron sputtering was used for producing Titanium Vanadium Nitride (TiVN) coatings on a variety of substrates. In this research, we investigate how changing the sputtering power and nitrogen: argon (N2:Ar) gas ratio affects the structural and tribological properties of TiVN coatings. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) technique was used to examine TiVN coating surface morphology. Both variants showed a gradual increase in the intensity of the TiVN coating's (111) and (222) peaks. TiVN coating's tribological properties were examined using a pin-on-disc tribometer with varying loads, speeds, and sliding distances. The wear rates of TiVN-coated brass pins were in the range of 2.5×10-4 to 9.14×10-4 mm3/Nm depending on load, sliding distance, and gas ratio variation, when compared to the wear rates of TiVN-coated brass pins deposited at various power, which ranged from 1.76×10-3 to 5.87×10-3 mm3/Nm.
Measurements of Radiochromic Films (EBT3 and EBT-XD) Using Three Portable Colorimeters
Authors: Yasuda Hiroshi , Morioka Shidou
Published: September 2023

The authors recently proposed a method for on-site dosimetry by a combination of radiochromic film and portable colorimeter. To test and expand the applicability of this method, dosimetric properties of radiochromic reactions were examined for six combinations of two popular Gafchromic films (EBT3 and EBT-XD) and three commercially-available portable colorimeters (nix pro2, nix spectro2 and Spectro1 Pro; abbreviated to “NixP”, “NixS” and “SpoP”, respectively). EBT3 and EBT-XD were irradiated with 160 kV X-rays at 0.3 to 40Gy and 1 to 80 Gy, respectively, and the radiation-induced color levels of RGB and CMMK components were measured with the three colorimeters. Angle dependence was examined by reading at 15° intervals. As results, it was judged that all combinations would work effectively as tools for on-site dosimetry. NixP and NixS showed advantages that they were applicable to a wider dose range for both films, while Spo1 worked better in a lower dose range. On the other hand, Spo1 had an advantageous feature of no angular dependence in reading films, while NixP and NixS showed significant angle-dependent changes. These differences were presumed to attribute to the different geometries of LED light emission; it came from all directions (ring-shape source) in Spo1, 4 directions in NixP, and 8 directions in NixS. These findings would expand the applicability of the proposed on-site dosimetry method to various occasions.
Enzymatic Glycosylation Strategies in the Production of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Andreu Alicia , Ćorović Marija , Garcia-Sanz Carla , Santos A. Sofia , Milivojević Ana , Ortega-Nieto Clara , Mateo Cesar , Bezbradica Dejan , Palomo Jose M.
Published: September 2023

Some of the most recent advances in enzymatic glycosylation processes focused on the production of important bioactive compounds have been analyzed. The applicability of different enzymes such as glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, glycophosphorylases and glycosynthases have been de-scribed around the review article considering their advantages and disadvantages of these biocat-alysts in the stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of different types of glycosylated mole-cules, phenolic and aliphatic alcohols, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoderivatives, glyco-peptides and glycoproteins with a clear focus on food and pharmaceutical chemistry. Therefore, these approaches combining the use of different catalytic systems, the improvement of tools such as immobilization technology, or chemical or genetic modification to improve the synthesization in the glycosylation process could be a very useful tool in a continuous biotechnological advance.
Bibliometric-based Analysis of the Last Twenty Years of Research on Lagerstroemia
Authors: Xie Yinglin , Qin Xinsheng , Shao Ziyuan , Ye Jinyan
Published: September 2023

Lagerstroemia is a genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs and trees belonging to the family Lythraceae. Due to the attention paid to environmental and health issues, Lagerstroemia has become increasingly important in ecological environment protection, drug development, genetic resource protection, and application research. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the current status and cutting-edge trends of Lagerstroemia research in the world, and objectively reflect the scientific capabilities and influence of relevant research countries, institutions, authors, and journals in this field. Using the visual analysis software VOSviewer and CiteSpace, a statistical analysis of the literature on Lagerstroemia in the Web of Science database was performed from 2002 to 2022. The results showed that the number of articles published on Lagerstromia in the world was increasing. Four of the five articles with the highest citation frequency were from the United States, and the number of articles published in Hortscience was the highest. In terms of subject distribution, the most frequently published subjects were plant sciences, pharmacology and pharmacy. These two disciplines focused on the cultivation of Lagerstroemia species and medicinal research on Lagerstroemia extracts. In terms of categories, science accounted for 41% of the top 10 subjects. Technical science accounted for a relatively large proportion. However, the amount of relevant literature in engineering science needs to be improved. India, the United States, and China were the main research forces in this field. In terms of international cooperation, China had close collaborations with many countries such as the United States, Japan, India, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Beijing Forestry University ranked first in terms of total number of publications, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences had the highest total citations and average citations. Meanwhile, most of the authors at the top of the list were Chinese scholars. Cluster analysis showed that the research of keywords such as “oxidative stress”, “protein” and “corosolic acid” were the research hotspots in recent years. Research on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Lagerstroemia will be the focus of the research on Lagerstroemia.
Dynamic Emotion Recognition and Social Inference Ability in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Eye-Tracking Comparison Study
Authors: Greene Leanne , Reidy John , Morton Nick , Atherton Alistair , Barker Lynne A.
Published: September 2023

Emotion recognition and social inference impairments are well-documented post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) yet the mechanisms underpinning these are not fully understood. We examined dynamic emotion recognition, social inference abilities, and eye fixation patterns between adults with and without TBI. Eighteen individuals with TBI and 18 matched non-TBI participants were recruited and underwent all three components of The Assessment of Social Inference Test (TASIT). The TBI group were less accurate in identifying emotions compared to the non-TBI group. Individuals with TBI also scored lower when distinguishing sincere and sarcastic conversations but scored similarly to those without TBI during lie vignettes. Finally, those with TBI also had difficulty understanding the actor’s intentions, feelings, and beliefs compared to participants without TBI. No group differences were found for eye fixation patterns and there were no associations between fixations and behavioural accuracy scores. This conflicts with previous studies and might be related to an important distinction between static and dynamic stimuli. Visual strategies appeared goal- and stimulus-driven, with attention being distributed to the most diagnostic area of the face for each emotion. These findings suggest that low-level visual deficits may not be modulating emotion recognition and social inference disturbances post-TBI.
Identification of Damage in Beams by Modal Curvatures Using Acoustic Beamformers
Authors: Pau Annamaria , Eroglu Ugurcan
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an approach to damage identification in beams by modal curvatures based on the use of beamforming algorithms. These processors have been successfully used in acoustics for the last thirty years to solve the inverse problems encountered in source recognition and image reconstruction, based on ultrasonic waves. In addition, beamformers apply to a broader range of problems in which the forward solutions are computable and measurable, especially regarding the field of structural vibrations, where the use of such estimators has not received attention to date. In this paper, modal curvatures will play the role of the replica vectors of the imaging field. By means of numerical studies and experimental tests on a steel beam, we motivate the choice of modal curvatures as observed quantities. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the Bartlett and minimum variance distortionless beamformers (MVDR) with an estimator based on the simple minimization of the difference between model and measured data. The results suggest that the application of the MVDR beamformer is highly effective, especially in cases of slight damage between two sensors. MVDR enabled both damage localization, and quantification.
A Desmethylphosphinothricin Dipeptide Derivative Effectively Inhibits Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis Growth
Authors: Khomutov Maxim Alexey , Giovannercole Fabio , Onillon Laura , Demiankova Marija V. , Vasilieva Byazilya Fedorovna , Salikhov Arthur Ilnurovich , Kochetkov Sergey Nikolaevich , Efremenkova Olga Vladimirovna , Khomutov Alex Radievich , De Biase Daniela
Published: September 2023

New antibiotics are unquestionably needed in the fight to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. So far, antibiotics targeting bacterial central metabolism have been poorly investigated. By determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of desmethylphosphinothricin (Glu-γ-PH), an analogue of glutamate with a phosphinic moiety re-placing the γ-carboxyl group, we previously showed its promising antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli. Herein we synthetized and determined the growth inhibition exerted on E. coli by an L-Leu dipeptide derivative of Glu-γ-PH (L-Leu-D,L-Glu-γ-PH). Furthermore, we compared the growth inhibition obtained with this dipeptide with that exerted by the free amino acid, i.e. Glu-γ-PH, and by their phosphonic and non-desmethylated analogues. All tested compounds were more effective when assayed in chemically defined minimal medium. The dipeptide L-Leu-D,L-Glu-γ-PH had a significantly improved antibacterial activity (2 μg/mL), at a concentra-tion between the non-desmethytaled (0.1 μg/mL) and the phosphonic (80 μg/mL) analogues. Also in Bacillus subtilis the dipeptide L-Leu-D,L-Glu-γ-PH displayed an activity comparable to that of the antibiotic amoxicillin. This work highlights the antibacterial relevance of the phosphinic pharmacophore and proposes new avenues to the development of novel antimicrobial drugs containing the phosphinic moiety.
Study of the Role of Lipoprotein Maturation Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of the Infection Caused by the Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Sequence Type 25 North American Prototype Strain
Authors: Payen Servane , Roy David , Okura Masatoshi , Segura Mariela , Gottschalk Marcelo
Published: September 2023

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine bacterial pathogen causing sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. However, serotype 2 strains are phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous and composed by a multitude of sequence types (STs) whose distribution greatly varies worldwide. It has been previously shown that lipoprotein (LPP) maturation enzymes diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) and signal peptidase (Lsp) significantly modulate the inflammatory host response and play a differential role in virulence depending on the genetic background of the strain. Differently from Eurasian ST1/ST7 strains, the capsular polysaccharide of a North American S. suis serotype 2 ST25 representative strain only partially masks sub-capsular domains and bacterial wall components. Thus, our hypothesis is that since LPPs would be more surface exposed in ST25 strains than in their ST1 or ST7 counterparts, the maturation enzymes would play a more important role in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by the North American strain. Using isogenic Δlgt and Δlsp mutants derived from the wild-type ST25 strain, our studies suggest that these enzymes do not seem to play a role in the interaction between S. suis and epithelial and endothelial cells, regardless the genetics background of the strain used. However, a role in the formation of biofilms (also independently of the STs) has been demonstrated. Moreover, the involvement of LPP dendritic cell activation in vitro seems to be somehow more pronounced with the ST25 strain. Finally, the Lgt enzyme seems to play a more important role in the virulence of the ST25 strain. Although some differences between STs could be observed, our original hypothesis that LPPs would be significantly more important in ST25 strains due to a better bacterial surface exposition could not be confirmed.
The Assessment of Burn Severity and Monitoring of Recovery Process of Wildfire in Mongolia
Authors: Vandansambuu Battsengel , Gantumur Byambakhuu , Wu Falin , Byambasuren Oyunsanaa , Bayarsaikhan Sainbuyan , Chantsal Narantsetseg , Batsaikhan Nyamdavaa , Bao Yuhai , Vandansambuu Batbayar , Jimseekhuu Munkh-Erdene
Published: September 2023

Due to the intensification of climate change in the world, the incidence of natural disasters is increasing year by year, and monitoring, forecasting, and detecting evolution using satellite imaging technology is an important guide for remote sensing. This study aims to monitor the occurrence of fire disasters using Sentinel-2 satellite imaging technology, to determine the burned severity area with its classification and the recovery process for determining the extraordinary natural phenomena. The study area was sampled in the southeastern part of Mongolia, where have most wildfires in each year, near the Shiliin Bogd mountain in the natural steppe zone and in Bayan-Uul soum in the forest-steppe natural zone. For the methods, the NBR was used to map the area of ​​the fire site and the classification of the burned area into 5 categories: unburned, low, moderate-low, moderate-high, and high, which are process-defined works. NDVI index was used to determine the recovery process in a timely series in the summer from April to October. In result, the burned areas were mapped from the satellite images, and the total burned area of steppe natural zone was 1164.27 km2, of which 757.34 km2 (65.00 percent) was low, 404.57 km2 (34.70 percent) was moderate-low, and remaining 2.36 km2 (0.30 percent) was moderate-high, and the total burned area of forest-steppe natural zone was 588,35 km2, of which 158.75 km2 (26.90 percent) was low, 297.75 km2 (50.61 percent) was moderate-low, 131.25 km2 (22.31 percent) was moderate-high and the remaining 0.60 km2 (0.10 percent) was high-medium. Finally, we believe that this research is most important to helpful for emergency workers, researchers, and environmental specialists.
Investigation of Optical Cavity Dynamics with Raman and Yb-Doped Gain Media Integration
Authors: Mejia-Beltran Efrain , Ballesteros-Llanos Oscar J.
Published: September 2023

This study explores into a comprehensive examination of an optical cavity system that integrates Raman and Yb-doped gain media, with a focus on understanding their interactions. The research implies a characterization of each gain medium within the cavity while subjecting them to diverse co-pumping conditions with the other. When the Raman-lasing cavity is co-pumped by exciting the Yb-doped section, the resulting composite laser exhibits significant threshold reductions and there is an optimal co-pumping regime that enhances energy transfer from pump to Stokes. As for the complementary cavity, where the Yb-doped gain is influenced by the co-pumped Raman gain, at moderate pump powers a light-controlling-light behavior phenomenon arises. Within this regime, the 1064-nm signal suppresses the Yb-generated 1115-nm signal, suggesting potential applications in intracavity optical modulation. For higher pump levels, a cooperative effect emerges whereby both lasers mutually enhance each other. Minor variations in the primary 974-nm pump power, even by just a few milliwatts, result in significant capabilities for switching or modulating the Stokes signal. Under these conditions of mutual enhancement, the hybrid optical system validates notable improvements regarding energy transfer efficiency and threshold reduction. This research provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of optical cavity systems and reveals promising avenues for applications in advanced optical modulation technologies.