bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-disturbance inverse optimal control for spacecraft position and attitude maneuvers with input saturation
Authors: Pukdeboon Chutiphon
Published: May 2016

In this article, a new anti-disturbance inverse optimal translation and rotation control scheme for a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances and actuator constraint is presented. An inverse optimal controller with input saturations is designed to achieve asymptotic convergence to the desired translation and attitude and avoid the unwinding phenomenon. The derived optimal control law can minimize a given cost functional and guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. Later, a new sliding mode disturbance observer is also proposed to compensate for the total disturbances. A rigorous Lyapunov analysis is employed to ensure the finite-time convergence of observer error dynamics. A numerical simulation of position and attitude maneuvers is given to verify the performance of the developed controller.
A fuzzy recommendation system for daily water intake
Authors: Dai Bin , Chen Rung-Ching , Zhu Shun-Zhi , Huang Chung-Yi
Published: May 2016

Water is one of the most important constituents of the human body. Daily consumption of water is thus necessary to protect human health. Daily water consumption is related to several factors such as age, ambient temperature, and degree of physical activity. These factors are generally difficult to express with exact numerical values. The main objective of this article is to build a daily water intake recommendation system using fuzzy methods. This system will use age, physical activity, and ambient temperature as the input factors and daily water intake values as the output factor. The reasoning mechanism of the fuzzy system can calculate the recommended value of daily water intake. Finally, the system will compare the actual recommended values with our system to determine the usefulness. The experimental results show that this recommendation system is effective in actual application.
Supporting mentors working with students with intellectual disabilities in higher education
Authors: Giust Amanda M , Valle-Riestra Diana M
Published: May 2016

Project Panther LIFE is an inclusive postsecondary transition program for students with intellectual disabilities providing university access and participation with the primary goal of employment at program completion. Students in the program receive support from their academic mentors and peer coaches during the academic year. This study examines the skills and activities mentors use during their weekly sessions with students with intellectual disabilities and identifies areas in which mentors may require further support or training. Data analysis revealed major themes related to inclusion, self-determination, and adaptive behavior skills. Upon review of the data, we suggest that mentors need ongoing support from transition programs especially in areas related to encouraging self-advocacy and supporting time management.
The BEAF-32 insulator protein is required for Hippo pathway activity in the terminal differentiation of neuronal subtypes
Authors: Jukam David , Viets Kayla , Anderson Caitlin , Zhou Cyrus , DeFord Peter , Yan Jenny , Cao Jinshuai , Johnston Robert J.
Published: May 2016

The Hippo pathway is critical for not only normal growth and apoptosis but also cell fate specification during development. What controls Hippo pathway activity during cell fate specification is incompletely understood. In this research report, we identify the BEAF-32 insulator protein as a regulator of Hippo pathway activity in Drosophila photoreceptor differentiation. Though morphologically uniform, the fly eye is composed of two subtypes of R8 photoreceptor neurons defined by expression of light-detecting Rhodopsin proteins. In one R8 subtype, active Hippo signaling induces Rhodopsin6 (Rh6) and represses Rhodopsin5 (Rh5) whereas in the alternate subtype, inactive Hippo signaling induces Rh5 and represses Rh6. The activity state of the Hippo pathway in R8 is determined by the expression of warts, a core pathway kinase, which interacts with the growth regulator melted in a double negative feedback loop. We show that the BEAF-32 insulator is required for expression of warts and repression of melted. Furthermore, BEAF-32 plays a second role downstream of Warts to induce Rh6 and prevent Rh5 fate. BEAF-32 is dispensable for Warts feedback, indicating that BEAF-32 differentially regulates warts and Rhodopsins. Loss of BEAF-32 does not noticeably impair the functions of the Hippo pathway in eye growth regulation. Our study identifies a context-specific regulator of Hippo pathway activity in post-mitotic neuronal fate, and reveals a developmentally specific role for a broadly expressed insulator protein.
Adenomatous polyposis coli regulates radial axonal sorting and myelination in the PNS
Authors: Elbaz Benayahu , Traka Maria , Kunjamma Rejani B. , Dukala Danuta , Lutz Amanda Brosius , Anton E. S. , Barres Ben A. , Soliven Betty , Popko Brian
Published: May 2016

The tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is multifunctional, participating in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway, as well as in modulating cytoskeleton function. Although expressed by Schwann cells, the role that APC plays in these cells and in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is unknown. Therefore, we used the Cre-lox approach to generate a mouse model in which APC expression is specifically eliminated from Schwann cells. These mice display hindlimb weakness and impaired axonal conduction in sciatic nerves. Detailed morphological analyses revealed that APC loss delays radial axonal sorting and PNS myelination. Furthermore, APC loss delays Schwann cell differentiation in vivo, which correlates with persistent activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, and results in perturbed Schwann cell processes extension and lamellipodia formation. In addition, APC deficient Schwann cells display a transient diminution of proliferative capacity. Our data indicate that APC is required by Schwann cells for their timely differentiation to mature, myelinating cells and plays a critical role in radial axonal sorting and PNS myelination.
The tyrosine kinase FER is responsible for the capacitation-associated increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in murine sperm
Authors: Alvau Antonio , Battistone Maria Agustina , Gervasi Maria Gracia , Navarrete Felipe A. , Xu Xinran , Sánchez-Cárdenas Claudia , De la Vega-Beltran Jose Luis , Da Ros Vanina G. , Greer Peter , Darszon Alberto , Krapf Diego , Salicioni Ana Maria , Cuasnicu Patricia , Visconti Pablo E.
Published: May 2016

Sperm capacitation is required for fertilization. At the molecular level, this process is associated with a fast activation of protein kinase A. Downstream of this event, capacitating conditions lead to an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation. The identity of the tyrosine kinase(s) mediating this process has not been conclusively demonstrated. Recent experiments using stallion and human sperm have suggested a role for PYK2 based on the use of small molecule inhibitors directed against this kinase. However, critical loss-of-function experiments have not been reported. Here, we used both pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice models to investigate the identity of the tyrosine kinase(s) mediating the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse sperm. Similar to stallion and human, PF431396 blocks the capacitation-associated increase in tyrosine phosphorylation. Yet, sperm from Pyk2−/− mice displayed normal increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, implying that PYK2 is not responsible for this phosphorylation process. Here we show that PF431396 can also inhibit FER, a tyrosine kinase known to be present in sperm. Sperm from mice targeted with a kinase inactivating mutation in Fer failed to undergo capacitation-associated increases in tyrosine phosphorylation. While these mice are fertile, their sperm displayed a reduced ability to fertilize metaphase-II arrested eggs in vitro.
SOX2 is sequentially required for progenitor proliferation and lineage specification in the developing pituitary
Authors: Goldsmith Sam , Lovell-Badge Robin , Rizzoti Karine
Published: May 2016

SOX2/Sox2 mutations are associated with pituitary hormone deficiencies and the protein is required for pituitary progenitor proliferation, but its function has not been well characterized in this context. SOX2 is known to activate expression of Six6, encoding a homeodomain transcription factor, in the ventral diencephalon. Here, we find that the same relationship likely exists in the pituitary. Moreover, because Six6 deletion is associated with a similar phenotype as described here for loss of Sox2, Six6 appears as an essential downstream target of SOX2 in the gland. We also uncover a second role for SOX2. While cell differentiation is reduced in Sox2 mutants, some endocrine cells are generated such as POMC positive cells in the intermediate lobe. However, loss of SOX2 here results in complete downregulation of the melanotroph pioneer factor PAX7, and subsequently a switch of identity from melanotrophs to ectopic corticotrophs. Rescuing proliferation by ablating the cell cycle negative regulator p27 in Sox2 mutants does not restore melanotroph emergence. Therefore SOX2 has two independent roles during pituitary morphogenesis, first promotion of progenitor proliferation, and subsequently acquisition of melanotroph identity.
The prevalence and clinical significance of anemia in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure
Authors: Frigy Attila , Fogarasi Zoltán , Kocsis Ildikó , Máthé Lehel , Nagy Előd
Published: May 2016

Abstract

In a cohort of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) the prevalence of anemia and the existence of a correlation between anemia and the severity of the clinical picture were assessed.

Methods. 50 consecutive patients (34 men, 16 women, mean age 67.5 years) hospitalized with AHF were enrolled.  Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test, for studying univariate correlation between anemia and the presence of diverse parameters reflecting the severity and prognosis of AHF (α=0.05).

Results. 21 patients (14 men, 7 women, mean age 69.6 years), representing 42%, had anemia (Hb<12 g/dl) at admission. Comparing patients with and without anemia there were no significant differences regarding age,  gender,  presence of atrial fibrillation (p=0.75), diabetes (p=1), ischemic heart disease (p=0.9), ejection fraction < 35% (p=1), hypotension at admission (p=0.34), tachycardia>100 b/min at admission (p=0.75), creatinine level >1.5mg% (p=0.12), and need of high dose of loop diuretic >80 mg/day (p=0.23).

Conclusions. Anemia is a frequent finding in patients hospitalized with AHF. The presence of anemia was not correlated with other factors related to AHF severity and prognosis. This fact suggests its independent role in influencing the clinical picture and prognosis.
Members of the genus Burkholderia: good and bad guys
Authors: Eberl Leo , Vandamme Peter
Published: May 2016

In the 1990s several biocontrol agents on that containedBurkholderiastrains were registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). After risk assessment these products were withdrawn from the market and a moratorium was placed on the registration ofBurkholderia-containing products, as these strains may pose a risk to human health. However, over the past few years the number of novelBurkholderiaspecies that exhibit plant-beneficial properties and are normally not isolated from infected patients has increased tremendously. In this commentary we wish to summarize recent efforts that aim at discerning pathogenic from beneficialBurkholderiastrains.
Socio-Psychological Mechanisms of Specialty Image Formation During Professional Evolution
Authors: Гусарова  , Gusarova E.
Published: May 2016

Results of based on attributive theories researches of social and psychological mechanisms and regularities

related to specialty image formation during professional development have been considered in this

paper. Specialty image definition is presented, attributive theoretical model of the specialty image and its

mechanisms of personal, object and environmental attribution is described and justified.

A technique of this research carrying out has been described in the paper too, and results of empirical

research of the specialty image related to persons at professional development’s various stages (pupils of

profile classes, students, specialists working on the chosen specialty) have been also stated in detail. The

specialty image structure with description of attributive classes and their elements has been presented.

Types of attributive mechanisms and their combinations which are inherent in each of the professional

development considered stages are described in this work too. It has been shown which of these mechanisms

are the most effective for formation of an adequate professional picture of the world.

The author has also presented possible directions for optimization of vocational training process with

participation of business and educational institutions for the best adaptation of young personnel in the

professional environment.
Problem of Professional Self-Determination Formation and Person’s Professional Typology Construction
Authors: Колосова  , Kolosova O.
Published: May 2016

This paper is based on the results of research related to a problem of professional self-determination

formation and person’s professional typology construction, and devoted to how the knowledge of students’

individual-psychological and social-psychological features will allow during training in higher education

institution not only adequately use natural tendencies and abilities, but also to help in formation of activity’s

individual style allowing to compensate a lack of some components development by development of others

ones. As a result this will allow solve effectively the same professional problems by people with various

combination of operational components in person’s structure. Therefore in this case it is appropriately to

focus attention on the typological approach to person’s features similarity studying under the profession

influence, and, taking this approach as a basis, a more flexible studying of this problem is offered, assuming

the possibility for existence of several types in the same professional community. Therefore, there is an

opportunity for dynamic development of person’s qualities in the presence of strongly expressed motivation

to professional activity.

This direction of researches is especially topical in connection with political and social-economical

transformations in society, and introduction of professional standards, demanding essential changes in

training of specialists. Nowadays there is rather serious gap between employers’ requirements in the labor

market, and knowledge and skills which are gained by graduates during the training. The professional

standards regulating requirements to work’s quality and content and being an obligatory element for an

assessment of graduate’s training quality and his readiness for the future professional activity only describe

necessary parameters, without answering a question how these parameters may be created at the youth

choosing the certain profession, taking into account person’s specific features. If the person’s professional

choice is defined by random factors and there is no activity’s individual style formation during the training,

such mistakes will be cost much in the future to both the person and the higher education institution.
Social and International Identity of Students’ Personality in the Globalized World: Vietnamese Students’ Experience
Authors: Куликова  , Kulikova O.
Published: May 2016

This paper is based on the results of studying in Moscow higher educational institutions Vietnamese students’

depth interview. Research is devoted to how students from other countries build their identification, attracting

their social communications networks. This research results allow understand how foreign students face

and cross cultural distinctions to define new prospects of identity that gives them a chance to perform

special social roles and increase their national and heritage identity. This paper suggests that international

educational programs originators consider cultural diversity, recognizing social and cultural influences as

defining factors in foreign students’ learning and everyday life, to make the curriculum and use pedagogical

methods which give a chance to foreign students to develop self-knowledge, openness and citizenship.
Managerial Conflicts in Management Psychology and Institutional Economics
Authors: Лигновская  , Lignovskaya T. , Ерзнкян  , Yerznkyan Bagrat
Published: May 2016

The authors proceed from the fact that while teaching the management psychology to students which are

already familiar with the institutional economics foundations, it is useful to give them information enable to

draw parallels between these two academic disciplines that will help the students become more familiar not

only with each of these academic disciplines, but also more vividly present themselves problems emerging in

management. In this paper a comparison of typical cases from the management psychology and institutional

economics is carrying out on the example of managerial conflicts.
“ALL THAT GLITTERS…:” The Scientific and Financial Ambitions of Robert Bell at the Geological Survey of Canada
Authors: Brookes Ian A.
Published: May 2016

In Canada, the 19th-century development of sciences with a geographical component was marked by individuals whose contributions were remarkable for their details, their geographical coverage, the originality and longevity of their ideas. Collectively, these individuals could be called the 'inventors of Canada.' Among them was Robert Bell. Early in his career at the Geological Survey of Canada and during an interval of part-time service while he taught at Queen’s University (1864–68), Kingston, Ontario, Robert Bell (1841–1917) involved himself in several commercial schemes that he hoped would lead to the development of mineral occurrences in the British colony of Newfoundland (various minerals), Canada East and West (petroleum), and Nova Scotia (gold), developments that he hoped would also raise his financial as well as his scientific stature. Here, the circumstances of these ventures and their outcomes and his unencumbered achievements in later life are reviewed.RÉSUMÉAu Canada, au 19e siècle, le développement des sciences comprenant un volet géographique a été marqué par des individus dont les contributions ont été remarquables par leurs détails, leur couverture géographique, leur originalité, et la longévité de leurs idées. Collectivement, ces personnes pourraient être appelées les «inventeurs du Canada». Parmi elles se trouvait Robert Bell. Tout au début de sa carrière à la Commission Géologique du Canada, et pendant son service à temps partiel alors qu’il enseignait à l’université Queen’s à Kingston, Ontario (1864–1868), Robert Bell (1841–1917) s’est impliqué personnellement dans plusieurs programmes commerciaux qu’il espérait mener au développement des richesses minérales de la colonie britannique de Terre-Neuve (divers minéraux), du Canada-Est et Canada-Ouest (pétrole), et de la Nouvelle-Ecosse (or). Il espérait que ces développements augmenteraient son statut financier ainsi que scientifique. Dans cet article, la situation de ces entreprises et leurs résultats, et ses accomplissements scientifiques indépendants, sont passés en revue.
Reliability test plan based on Dagum distribution
Authors: Al-Zahrani Bander
Published: May 2016

Apart from other probability models, Dagum distribution is also an effective probability distribution that can be considered for studying the lifetime of a product/material. Reliability test plans deal with sampling procedures in which items are put to test to decide from the life of the items to accept or reject a submitted lot. In the present study, a reliability test plan is proposed to determine the termination time of the experiment for a given sample size, producers risk and termination number when the quantity of interest follows Dagum distribution. In addition to that, a comparison between the proposed and the existing reliability test plans is carried out with respect to time of the experiment. In the end, an example illustrates the results of the proposed plan.
Transformative Wirtschaftswissenschaft im Kontext nachhaltiger Entwicklung
Authors: Schneidewindt et al. Uwe
Published: May 2016

Für einen neuen Vertrag zwischen Wirtschaftswissenschaft und GesellschaftVon Beginn an haben die modernen Wirtschaftswissenschaften gesellschaftliche Prozesse nicht nur beobachtet und beschrieben, sondern diese auch selbst katalysiert und beeinflusst. Damit haben sie einer Entwicklung den Weg gebahnt, die neben unbestrittenen Erfolgen zu ökologischen Zerstörungen, sozialen Verwerfungen und immer wiederkehrenden ökonomischen Krisen geführt hat. Mehr denn je braucht es eine transformative Wirtschaftswissenschaft, die insbesondere auch die Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft analysiert und verbessern hilft.
Family Instability and Locus of Control in Adolescence
Authors: Peter Frauke H. , Spiess C. Katharina
Published: May 2016

Investigating the impact of family instability is important as more and more children experience different family changes in many industrialized countries. In this paper we examine the dynamics of family structure, looking at the potential effect of yearly maternal partnership transitions on adolescents’ locus of control. We aim at combining research on family instability with research on non-cognitive skill formation. We use rich and nationwide German data to identify the relationship between family instability and adolescent locus of control. Combining entropy balancing with a novel econometric method to assess potential bias from omitted variables, we find that experiencing maternal partnership transitions is negatively associated with adolescents’ belief in self-determination and that internal locus of control is reduced by about a fifth of a standard deviation among those affected, even after conditioning on a large number of covariates. This is particularly true if the transitions take place during “middle childhood.”
Uncertainty in measurement and total error – are they so incompatible?
Authors: Farrance Ian , Badrick Tony , Sikaris Kenneth A.
Published: May 2016

There appears to be a growing debate with regard to the use of “Westgard style” total error and “GUM style” uncertainty in measurement. Some may argue that the two approaches are irreconcilable. The recent appearance of an article “
Tectonic control on the distribution of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria.
Authors: Musa Ojochenemi K. , Kurowska Ewa E. , Schoeneich Krzysztof , Alagbe Solomon A. , Ayok Jeremiah
Published: May 2016

Onshore mud volcanoes are rare geological phenomena, which in Nigeria were reported for the first time few years ago in the Upper Benue Trough. In this study a detail geological mapping of the area of mud volcanoes occurrence was carried out, with the primary aim of defining their relationship, if any, to the structural geology there. The systematic field reconnaissance included field observations of the structural features, as well as analysis of the location and distribution of the onshore mud volcanoes, marking their locations on the topographic and geological maps, analysis of the aerial photographs and satellite images. The study area covered the central part of the Upper Benue Trough where the onshore mud volcanoes were found. The study area is the part of a sedimentary basin comprising Cretaceous clastic rocks that have been deformed intensively by a network of faults often embedded in the underlying Precambrian basement. This network of faults underwent a rejuvenation period from the Aptian to the Palaeocene. The most prominent tectonic structure in the study area is the NE – SW trending Kaltungo Fault Zone, however, there are other minor faults with N – S and NW – SE trends. This study shows that the mud volcanoes found in the study area are usually located near or within fault zones, within the outcropping Upper Cretaceous Yolde Formation and Upper Bima Sandstone, both of which were deformed by the Kaltungo faults, as well as by other minor faults.

Worldwide, incidences of onshore mud volcano formation are usually attributed to areas of tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation or hydrocarbon occurrence. In this study, the interpretation of the field observations and mapping results, combined with information on the structural evolution of the study area and seismic pattern (very scarce), have led to the conclusion that the location of onshore mud volcanoes in the Upper Benue Trough, being located along the fault zones, is structurally controlled. The close relationship between mud volcano location and the structural framework of the area may be interpreted as one of several possible subsurface geological responses to present tectonic activity.
Customer delight: perception of hotel spa consumers
Authors: Elias-Almeida Anabela , Miranda Francisco Javier , Almeida Paulo
Published: May 2016

Delighted customers are those whose expectations have been exceeded by the service provider. Competitors in the hotel business need to go beyond what is expected in order to satisfy the guest with an unpredictable positive experience. This study was aimed to clarify the significance of customer delight as an antecedent to customer loyalty, in five-star hotel spas in Portugal. To better understand spa consumers’ perception of delight, the development and testing of an integrated model was undertaken by examining the relationship between perceived service quality, customer satisfaction, loyalty and customer delight. The model was tested using surveyed data from 427 spa consumers and validated using partial least squares (PLS) technique. The results indicated that satisfaction had a direct positive effect on customer delight and, consequently, influences the effect of customer delight on customer loyalty.
Modeling of Position-, Tool- and Workpiece-Dependent Milling Machine Dynamics
Authors: Brecher Christian , Fey Marcel , Daniels Matthias
Published: May 2016

Depending on the machine design, milling machines can show a significant variation of their dynamic properties with respect to the axes configurations, in particular at high speed spindle rotations and high feedrates. Moreover, the workpiece and the milling tool are critical parts of the machine tool and can have a major effect on the dynamic properties. Certain combinations of milling tool,workpiece, tool engagement, process parameters and axes configurations can come along with undesired forced or self-excited vibrations. So far, planning of milling processes usually does not account for these unwanted vibrations. The focus of this paper is to present a modeling framework, which accounts for the abovementioned influences via simulation. The dynamic properties of various workpieces and tools as well as the dynamic properties for many different axes configurations are stored in databases. Based on these databases, the dynamics of any given machine tool configuration can be simulated efficiently based on a substructure coupling approach and an interpolation strategy.
Second-Order Inference for the Mean of a Variable Missing at Random
Authors: Díaz Iván , Carone Marco , van der Laan Mark J.
Published: May 2016

We present a second-order estimator of the mean of a variable subject to missingness, under the missing at random assumption. The estimator improves upon existing methods by using an approximate second-order expansion of the parameter functional, in addition to the first-order expansion employed by standard doubly robust methods. This results in weaker assumptions about the convergence rates necessary to establish consistency, local efficiency, and asymptotic linearity. The general estimation strategy is developed under the targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE) framework. We present a simulation comparing the sensitivity of the first and second-order estimators to the convergence rate of the initial estimators of the outcome regression and missingness score. In our simulation, the second-order TMLE always had a coverage probability equal or closer to the nominal value 0.95, compared to its first-order counterpart. In the best-case scenario, the proposed second-order TMLE had a coverage probability of 0.86 when the first-order TMLE had a coverage probability of zero. We also present a novel first-order estimator inspired by a second-order expansion of the parameter functional. This estimator only requires one-dimensional smoothing, whereas implementation of the second-order TMLE generally requires kernel smoothing on the covariate space. The first-order estimator proposed is expected to have improved finite sample performance compared to existing first-order estimators. In the best-case scenario of our simulation study, the novel first-order TMLE improved the coverage probability from 0 to 0.90. We provide an illustration of our methods using a publicly available dataset to determine the effect of an anticoagulant on health outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. We provide R code implementing the proposed estimator.
The rise of working pensioners: the Swedish case
Authors: Flood Lennart , Islam Nizamul
Published: May 2016

According to the Eurostat the old-age dependency (people aged 65 or above relative to those aged 15- 64) in the EU will rise from 28% in 2010 to 58% in 2060. During the same period total hours works are projected to fall contributing to a low projected economic growth over the next half-century. In this paper we argue that this gloomy picture might be challenged by an increase in the employment rates of older workers. Using Sweden as an illustration we show that the ratio of individuals with income from both pension and market work has increased strongly during the last decade. During the same period economic reforms have been introduced creating economic incentives in order to delay the exit from the labor market. In this paper we demonstrate the importance of these economic reforms in explaining increased working hours. The paper also evaluates the fiscal impact of the increase in the employment rates.
Phenotypic plasticity of wall ultrastructure in the green alga Pediastrum s.l. (Chlorophyta, Sphaeropleales)
Authors: Lenarczyk Joanna , Wołowski Konrad
Published: May 2016

This study examined wall ultrastructure variability in the microscopic green alga Pediastrum s.l. Its value as a diagnostic character is discussed. Field and cultured material of 21 taxa were compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine ultrastructural elements occurring on the surface of Pediastrum are documented with LM and SEM micrographs. The highest number of taxa showed reticulate ornamentation composed of a trigonal mesh and granules situated on its corners. The paper considers the use of wall ultrastructure to reconcile traditional and modern taxonomical systems with regard to Pediastrum varieties, and addresses the phylogenetic relationships between strains representing different varieties.
Mcp3 is a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein that follows a unique IMP‐dependent biogenesis pathway
Authors: Sinzel Monika , Tan Tao , Wendling Philipp , Kalbacher Hubert , Özbalci Cagakan , Chelius Xenia , Westermann Benedikt , Brügger Britta , Rapaport Doron , Dimmer Kai Stefan
Published: May 2016

Mitochondria are separated from the remainder of the eukaryotic cell by the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The MOM plays an important role in different transport processes like lipid trafficking and protein import. In yeast, the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) has a central, but poorly defined role in both activities. To understand the functions of the ERMES, we searched for suppressors of the deficiency of one of its components, Mdm10, and identified a novel mitochondrial protein that we named Mdm10 complementing protein 3 (Mcp3). Mcp3 partially rescues a variety of ERMES‐related phenotypes. We further demonstrate that Mcp3 is an integral protein of the MOM that follows a unique import pathway. It is recognized initially by the import receptor Tom70 and then crosses the MOM via the translocase of the outer membrane. Mcp3 is next relayed to the TIM23 translocase at the inner membrane, gets processed by the inner membrane peptidase (IMP) and finally integrates into the MOM. Hence, Mcp3 follows a novel biogenesis route where a MOM protein is processed by a peptidase of the inner membrane.
El papel del Estado en la economía global: El caso de Shanghai
Authors: López-Osorio Laura
Published: May 2016

En un mundo globalizado donde los límites geográficos, económicos y políticos son cada vez más difusos, el Estado, al menos en la forma en que tradicionalmente lo entendemos, parece que se ha revestido de obsolescencia debido a que la realidad económica mundial actual desborda el control y la soberanía que un gobierno puede establecer sobre una zona geográfica específica. ¿Es posible la consolidación de una economía en la que el Estado permanezca como el caudillo del desarrollo o, por el contrario, la figura del Estado tiende a relegarse, casi a desaparecer, de la esfera económica de las ciudades? Una revisión general de la nación china y, en particular, de la ciudad de Shanghai pretende clarificar ciertos aspectos o por lo menos abrir un debate sobre cuál es el papel del Estado en la economía global, si existe la posibilidad de mantener un gobierno dominante bajo las políticas de desregulación y libre mercado, y cuál es el fin que se persigue al empoderar al Estado como protagonista en el desarrollo de la economía.
Síntesis proyectual de las agrovillas: Propuesta de características urbanas básicas
Authors: Guerra-García Lina Marcela , Ferreira-Tinôco Ilda De Fátima , Osorio-Saraz Jairo Alexander , Souza Cecília De Fátima , Da-Costa-Baêta Fernando , Osorio-Hernández Robinson
Published: May 2016

El desarrollo de las agrovillas ha sido poco documentado. Es difícil encontrar información gráfica sobre planificación urbana o estudios acerca de las características de las mismas, sin embargo, con el crecimiento del agronegocio brasilero, tales estudios resultan necesarios para generar nuevas propuestas encaminadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de la mano de obra rural y, en consecuencia, la producción agropecuaria. Con base en cuatro estudios de caso, se identificaron y sintetizaron en este trabajo las características básicas de las agrovillas en Brasil desde el punto de vista urbano y se encontró que el concepto de trabajo en equipo cumple las condiciones para su buen funcionamiento, lo cual, dio paso a la elaboración de alternativas que finalmente fueron sintetizadas en una propuesta de proyecto que reúne las características urbanas básicas de las agrovillas en Brasil.
La habitabilidad y la salud en Colombia. Una propuesta metodológica para su análisis
Authors: Rincón-Castellanos Milena , Caicedo-Medina Julián Alberto , Ceballos-Ramos Olga Lucía , Vega-Romero Román , Fernández-Juan Amelia , Martínez-Collantes Jorge , Ferney-Herrera Ronald , Londoño-Palacio Olga Lucía , Chaparro-Borja Paola , Giraldo-Villate Claudia Irene
Published: May 2016

Una de las preocupaciones por las consecuencias sociales del crecimiento urbano actual es la  desigualdad en salud, generada por las condiciones deficientes de habitabilidad en la vivienda. El estudio de los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2007, la aplicación de un cuestionario mejorado y un sondeo participativo en la localidad de Suba en Bogotá permitieron analizar las relaciones entre la habitabilidad de las viviendas y las disparidades en el estado de salud de la población. Mediante una metodología comprensiva fue posible demostrar disparidades en salud atribuibles a las condiciones de habitabilidad.
Territorios y migraciones: Territorialidades en transformación
Authors: Osorio Campillo Henry Alberto , Maya-Sierra Tania , Rojas-Sánchez Edilsa
Published: May 2016

Este artículo es producto de una reflexión sobre las transformaciones del territorio y las nuevas territorialidades que generan las migraciones en las principales ciudades de Colombia. Indaga, desde una visión contextual, las causas comunes de las migraciones y su caracterización, centrándose en el desplazamiento forzado, sin perder de vista los conflictos territoriales que lo originan y los cambios que se producen en los territorios y las territorialidades que genera. Así, se busca contribuir al cuestionamiento de las políticas institucionales con miras a que reconozcan esta realidad y sean consecuentes con las exigencias del territorio.
Lugares de memoria de la dictadura en Chile: Memorialización incompleta en el barrio Cívico de Santiago
Authors: Fernández-Droguett Roberto Andrés
Published: May 2016

Desde el regreso a la democracia en 1990, la memorialización del espacio público en Chile mediante la construcción de lugares de memoria ha sido una forma de abordar tanto la reparación simbólica a las víctimas, como la instalación de una cultura del “Nunca Más” que asegure que no se repitan los atropellos a los derechos humanos ocurridos durante la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990). Como señalan diversos autores, la memorialización del espacio público a través de los lugares de memoria ha tenido avances notables. Sin embargo, en el presente artículo se sostiene que este proceso de memorialización ha sido parcial e insuficiente en el barrio Cívico  de Santiago de Chile porque no condice ni con su relevancia como espacio público, ni con los hechos ocurridos ahí durante el golpe de Estado. Para fundamentar esta interpretación, se analizan las intervenciones urbanas realizadas por el gobierno central en ese entorno y se proponen algunas hipótesis que permiten comprender las causas de dicha memorialización incompleta.
Presentación del Dossier central
Authors: Zuleta-Ruiz Fabian Adolfo Bethoven , González-Escobar Luis Fernando
Published: May 2016

Si bien el conflicto hace parte de la vida y es un modo de comunicación en todas las especies, hay que reconocer que el proceso de desarrollo del mismo toma expresiones violentas, en las cuales, la agresividad, más que el entendimiento, es tomada como pauta para imponer o lograr el reconocimiento de intereses sean ellos personales, de grupo o de la sociedad. El conflicto en sus diversas modalidades, causalidades y procesos en la historia colombiana ha tenido y tiene un estrecho vínculo con una disputa territorial por la propiedad y por las riquezas naturales que proveen de materias primas a las industrias.
Las ciudades después del conflicto: La ciudad del arraigo
Authors: Pérgolis Juan Carlos , Ramírez-Cely Camilo
Published: May 2016

El imaginario que tienen los colombianos de las ciudades una vez concluido el conflicto armado debe apoyarse en las representaciones positivas de los contextos rural y urbano, a través de una combinación acertada entre las formas del espacio urbano, sus usos y las significaciones que la comunidad reconoce en ellos. Para eso, se analizan los imaginarios actuales y se propone una posible estructuración territorial basada en la relación urbano-rural cercana y accesible para recuperar el sentido de pertenencia de la comunidad en sus territorios. Se toman como referencia dos hipótesis: la primera, observa a la ciudad del posconflicto como una consecuencia directa de la reconstrucción del tejido social y la segunda, señala que la “ciudad del posconflicto” no se refiere únicamente a las grandes ciudades colombianas, sino a todos los asentamientos sin importar su tamaño y su rango político. Se propone, también, que el término “conflicto”, el cual parece limitarse al enfrentamiento armado por parte de grupos insurgentes, se extienda al alto nivel de violencia cotidiana producida por comportamientos intolerantes. En esta mirada, la palabra “posconflicto” se refiere a la transformación de esas conductas para facilitar el arraigo de la comunidad en el territorio.
El mito de la ciudad justa: Una estafa neoliberal
Authors: Musset Alain
Published: May 2016

En la actualidad, la ciudad justa es uno de los conceptos más utilizados en el campo de las ciencias sociales y de las políticas urbanas. Por lo tanto, parece necesario criticarlo y demostrar que es  principalmente un instrumento retórico al servicio de una visión consensual y neoliberal de la sociedad. Se usa a menudo para justificar proyectos y programas que pretenden apoyar a los más desfavorecidos, pero que tienen como objetivo principal integrarlos al modelo económico dominante. Verdadero mito contemporáneo, la ciudad justa da una explicación del mundo, organiza un discurso y fomenta nuevas prácticas sociales, olvidando que la ciudad no hace a la sociedad sino todo lo contrario.
Procesos violentos de formación del Estado en los inicios del Frente Nacional en el Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Rehm Lukas
Published: May 2016

La antropología del Estado, mediante los conceptos de los subaltern y de los postcolonial studies, considera al Estado desde una perspectiva constructivista y performativa.
Se distancia de la idea de que el Estado-nación occidental es el ejemplo universal que cualquier sociedad humana debe imitar. Por ello, los antropólogos del Estado no lo examinan como objeto prefigurado o predefinido, sino que analizan el continuo proceso de su formación. La delimitación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil es uno de los aspectos más importantes de la formación del primero. La constitución de un Estado legítimo frente a determinada sociedad civil puede llevarse a cabo de manera pacífica, a través de elecciones, consultas populares, debates parlamentarios o de las reivindicaciones de los movimientos sociales, si son tomadas en cuenta por el Gobierno. Sin embargo, Holden (2004) advierte que los procesos de formación muchas veces son violentos e implican el uso de la violencia física por parte de los grupos paraestatales, como los define Waldmann (1991), y de los actores antiestatales, en el campo de la fuerza y del poder estatal que Holden conceptualiza. Retomando los conceptos de la antropología del Estado, el artículo analiza procesos violentos de formación del Estado durante los primeros gobiernos del Frente Nacional en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Con base en fuentes escritas de diferentes archivos, tales como periódicos, expedientes judiciales y memorandos del Gobierno, el artículo investiga las luchas armadas en contra de la oposición política de izquierda en el Tolima y las zonas fronterizas. Se demuestra que los gobiernos liberales y conservadores —a pesar de sus intentos de pacificar el país y de tener un carácter democrático de manera formal— no renunciaron a los grupos irregulares, con el fin de que el Estado existiera en sus márgenes. Al recurrir, tanto directa como indirectamente, a grupos de exguerrilleros liberales para defender el sistema político de la época, los procesos violentos de formación del Estado se perpetuaron hasta el presente.
El Plan Colombia o el desarrollo como seguridad
Authors: Guevara Latorre Juan Pablo
Published: May 2016

El Plan Colombia fue diseñado como un paquete de “ayuda” internacional para la búsqueda de la paz y la consecución de un nuevo modelo de administración pública local, en un marco de colaboración multilateral. Sin embargo, en su segunda y definitiva versión, el objetivo del plan fue la lucha contra el tráfico de drogas. Este trabajo pretende deconstruir y analizar los supuestos conceptuales que se encuentran detrás de los objetivos de la política en sus dos versiones y describir el significado de los cambios que sufrió. Para ello, se analizará el contenido de los dos textos: el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de
1998 y el Plan Colombia: plan para la paz, la prosperidad y el fortalecimiento del Estado, texto definitivo publicado por la Presidencia de la República en el año 2000. Este artículo
plantea que la política pasó de hacer énfasis en la armonización de las relaciones sociales a nivel micro (Lederach, 1997), en las regiones más afectadas por la violencia y la ausencia del Estado, a partir de la generación de proyectos de desarrollo alternativo, en una perspectiva de desarrollo como seguridad (Duffield, 2001, 2002) y apoyo internacional, a concentrar sus objetivos en la lucha contra las drogas ilegales, con un amplio componente de inversión militar proveído principalmente por Estados Unidos. El trabajo propone un marco de análisis para entender el origen del Plan Colombia, sus transformaciones y
los contenidos de la política de construcción de Estado más relevante del siglo XXI en el país, desde una postura crítica. El documento permite establecer que el Plan Colombia es una forma privatizada de desarrollo, interpretada en términos de seguridad a partir de una incompleta comprensión del conflicto colombiano que prevalece hasta nuestros días.
El caso de la Federación de Comunidades Negras del Alto San Lorenzo
Authors: Antón Sánchez John Herlyn , García Serrano Fernando
Published: May 2016

En 1994, con la Ley de Desarrollo Agrario, el Estado ecuatoriano otorgó 127.279,28 ha de tierras para uso colectivo a 37 comunidades afroecuatorianas campesinas en el
norte de Esmeraldas. Veinte años después, estas tierras sufren fuertes presiones por la penetración de capitales con fines extractivistas y agroindustriales. Este artículo realiza un examen de la situación de presión sobre dichos territorios y evidencia una pérdida sustancial de los mismos por parte de las comunidades. Esto ha generado graves consecuencias
que atentan contra la cultura, la seguridad alimentaria y el equilibrio entre prácticas sustentables de producción y la conservación de la naturaleza. De forma paradójica, la vulneración al derecho al territorio se produce en un contexto en el que el Ecuador cambia su modelo de Estado, pasando de monocultural a multiétnico, con la Constitución de 2008, y a plurinacional e intercultural, con la Constitución del 2008. Estos marcos normativos consagran a los afrodescendientes como pueblo y como titulares de veintiún derechos colectivos.
La investigación se llevó a cabo en el norte de la provincia de Esmeraldas, en los cantones San Lorenzo y Eloy Alfaro. En concreto, en las comunas territoriales asociadas a la Federación de Comunas Negras del Alto San Lorenzo (Fecona), que hace parte de la Comarca Afroecuatoriana del Norte de Esmeraldas (Cane). Esta comarca es una red de organizaciones de base étnico-territoriales que defienden los derechos al territorio ancestral afrodescendiente en Ecuador. En el norte de Esmeraldas, precisamente, se desarrolla una importante experiencia de defensa del derecho al territorio ancestral afrodescendiente del Ecuador. Gracias a las luchas de las organizaciones campesinas afroecuatorianas, el Estado ha implementado una serie de derechos para la preservación y el fortalecimiento de su identidad, tradiciones y formas de organización social. Este reconocimiento viabiliza el ejercicio del principio de autodeterminación de los pueblos afroecuatorianos. Pese a estos avances, la realidad de pobreza, violencia, abandono estatal y falta de garantías del derecho al territorio genera un escenario pesimista para que se materialicen los derechos de los pueblos y nacionalidades, y para que se pueda avanzar hacia la construcción del modelo de Estado plurinacional e intercultural y del buen vivir afrodescendiente.