bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Delayed Signal Cancelation for Three-Phase Grid Synchronization with DC Offset Immunity
Authors: Smadi Issam A. , Atawi Ibrahem E. , Ibrahim Ammar A.
Published: March 2023

The presence of the DC components in the grid voltage adversely affects the performance of the synchronization unit, causing oscillatory and offset errors in the estimated grid information. Several approaches were proposed to address the DC offset problem by incorporating an additional filtering stage to the synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL). Removing the DC offset using the modified delayed signal cancelation (MDSC) operator in the inner loop of the SRF-PLL shows a good DC offset elimination with a fast-dynamic response. However, neither a straightforward selection procedure for the MDSC parameters nor a general estimation technique for the grid information is provided. Hence, a generalization for the MDSC is proposed in this paper based on general mathematical expressions to cancel out the DC offset, while meanwhile estimating the grid parameters precisely and rapidly against any delay factor selection. Finally, comprehensive simulation and experimental results compared with other related PLLs are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work.
Salt Ion Diffusion Behavior and Adsorption Characteristics of Fracturing Fluid in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Liu Youquan , Liu Yuzhou , Zhong Chuanrong , Zhang Pengfei
Published: March 2023

The degree of salinity in the hydraulic fracturing rejection fluid of the Shaximiao reservoir in the central Sichuan Basin is high, and the underlying mechanism causing this salinity is not clearly understood. We evaluated the rock structure of tight sandstone, including rock composition, pore structure, ion diffusion, and adsorption behavior, to determine how the rock structure influences the mechanism of the sandstone’s interaction with the fracturing fluid. X-ray diffraction revealed that the rock mineral fraction has a significant clay mineral concentration. The results of linear swelling experiments revealed that the water sensitivity of tight sandstone reservoirs exhibits moderately robust characteristics. The time required for salt ion diffusion stabilization is much longer than that required for self-imbibition stabilization, and the diffusion of salt ions is almost log-linear with time after imbibition stabilization. The diffusion rates of salt ions were determined for different single minerals and particle sizes, with clay minerals and particle sizes controlling the diffusion rates. The samples were treated with different concentrations of KCl and acrylamide polymer solutions, and both the pore size distribution and pore throat properties were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Although the adsorption isotherms of both KCl and polymers are consistent with the Langmuir model, their adsorption mechanisms acting on tight sandstone and the effect of adsorption on the pore throat structure are inconsistent. The adsorption of potassium chloride enhances the rock’s pore throat diameter and permeability by increasing the uniformity of the pore throat by electrostatic adsorption with clay particles. However, polymer adsorption reduces the pore diameter of the rock and forms a thin film that obstructs the pore throat, complicating the pore throat and weakening its permeability. This research has led to a greater comprehension of the ion diffusion characteristics of the tight sandstone in the Shaximiao reservoir and the adsorption mechanism on the pore structure of the rock.
Advanced Technologies for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: de Risi Arturo , Colangelo Gianpiero , Milanese Marco
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen represents a versatile fuel that has found usage in several sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, chemical industries, etc [...]
Extensive Experimental Characterization with Kinetic Data for the Gasification Simulation of Solid Biofuels
Authors: Heinrich Maximilian Robert , Herrmann André , Gradel Andy , Klemm Marco , Plessing Tobias
Published: March 2023

In this study, biomass–specific gasification data is experimentally collected for numerical simulations of fixed–bed reactors. Since biomass properties vary, it is crucial to have characteristic biomass data. Extensive data is collected to determine an appropriate description of specific biomass behavior, including basic data (e.g., heating value, size, densities, ultimate and total analysis etc.), biomass pyrolysis and heterogeneous gasification reaction data. Heterogeneous reactions were comparatively investigated in the forms of powder, particles, and a fixed–bed. The powder was investigated in depth with CO2, O2, and H2O (gas fraction 5–20 vol.%; temperature CO2, O2 and H2O, respectively, at 730–790 °C, 360–405 °C, 720–780 °C), while particle reactions and fixed–bed reaction were only studied with CO2. A model description for a fixed–bed batch reactor was applied, modified, and compared to experimental fixed–bed batch reactor results. This study concludes that determining the appropriate characteristic particle size and parameters for the porous structure of specific biomass char is essential for simulation based on preliminary biomass characterization. Therefore, in future investigations, the description for biomass-specific differences between powder, single particles, and bulk of biomass char may be of greater focus, also taking into consideration O2 and H2O.
Development and Verification of Novel Building Integrated Thermal Storage System Models
Authors: Pazold Matthias , Radon Jan , Kersken Matthias , Künzel Hartwig , Antretter Florian , Sinnesbichler Herbert
Published: March 2023

In electrical grids with a high renewable percentage, weather conditions have a greater impact on power generation. This can lead to the overproduction of electricity during periods of substantial wind power generation, resulting in shutoffs of wind turbines. To reduce such shutoffs and to bridge periods of lower electricity production, three thermal energy storage systems (TESs) have been developed for space heating and domestic hot water. These include a water-based thermal system (WBTS), a thermally activated building system (TABS), and a high-temperature stone storage system (HTSS). The paper explains the development of computer models used to simulate the systems and their successful verification using field measurements. Target values to cover about 90% of building heating demand with excess electricity were found to be achievable, with performance ratios depending on storage size, particularly for WBTS and HTSS. The TABS’ storage capacity is limited by building geometry and the available inner ceilings and walls.
Trends in the Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies among US Adults with Current Asthma
Authors: Ogbu Chukwuemeka E. , Oparanma Chisa , Ogbu Stella C. , Ujah Otobo I. , Okoli Menkeoma L. , Kirby Russell S.
Published: March 2023

Complementary and Alternative Medicines/Therapies (CAM) are commonly used by US asthma adults, yet little is known about recent trends in their use. Our aim was to report trends in CAM use among US adults with current asthma. We conducted a serial cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the BRFSS Asthma Call-Back Survey (ACBS) collected between 2008 and 2019 (sample size per cycle, 8222 to 14,227). The exposure was calendar time, as represented by ACBS cycle, while the main outcomes were use of at least one CAM and eleven alternative therapies. We analyzed CAM use overall and by population subgroups based on age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and daytime and night-time asthma symptoms. Our findings show that there was an increase in the use of at least one CAM from 41.3% in 2008 to 47.9% in 2019 (p-trend < 0.001) and an upward trend in the use of herbs, aromatherapy, yoga, breathing exercises, homeopathy, and naturopathy (p-trend < 0.05). However, the use of vitamins, acupuncture, acupressure, reflexology, and other CAM therapies remained stable (p-trend > 0.05). These trends varied according to population characteristics (age, sex, race, income) and asthma symptoms. In conclusion, our study suggests that CAM use among US adults with current asthma is either increasing or stable, and further studies are needed to explore the factors influencing these trends.
A Novel Simplified Protocol for Pre-Processing Whole Wood Samples for Stable Isotope Analysis in Tree Rings
Authors: Pericolo Osvaldo , Avanzi Camilla , Piotti Andrea , Ripullone Francesco , Nola Paola
Published: March 2023

In the context of climate change, the stable isotope analysis of tree rings may play a crucial role in deciphering the eco-physiological mechanisms underlying forest decline and dieback phenomena. However, this technique is often considered expensive, time-consuming, and with several methodological constraints. Specifically, milling and transferring the material from jars to vials during the different steps of sample preparation involve risk of contamination among samples and loss of sample material. When dealing with declining trees (i.e., trees affected by loss of vitality with strong percentage of defoliation and reduction in growth) and trees subjected to extreme events or negative pointer years (characterized by extremely narrow ring) the sample preparation is particularly difficult because of scarce amount of wood material. In such a case, pooling rings from several years to achieve the minimum weight of wood is often necessary, thus losing information at the annual resolution. In order to overcome such limitations, we developed a novel protocol for quick and accurate whole-wood pre-processing, testing it on oak tree rings of different widths taken from living trees. The main novelty introduced by our protocol was freezing tree-ring samples at −80 °C and milling multiple samples at a time by using a 24-tube plate. The results showed that our novel simplified protocol significantly reduced the pre-processing time with respect to the standard protocol (12 vs. 284 sec/sample), while achieving the same wood particle size, limiting the loss of wood material and reducing the risk of contamination among samples.
Assessment of the Impact of Industry-Related Air Emission of Arsenic in the Soils of Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Shabanov Mikhail V. , Marichev Maksim S. , Minkina Tatiana M. , Mandzhieva Saglara S. , Nevidomskaya Dina G.
Published: March 2023

The soils of forest ecosystems are often affected by the industrial activity of mining and metallurgical enterprises, and insufficiently investigated for the content of pollutants due to enterprise emissions. Some pollutants, such as arsenic, are transported over long distances by these emissions. To analyze this connection, the present study was conducted on the eastern slope of Mount Yurma, the Southern Urals, Russia, to determine the content of arsenic in the soils of mountain forest areas in the impact zone of the copper smelter (Karabash). The physical and chemical parameters, total content of arsenic, mineralogical composition of silt, and concentration of arsenic in the silty fraction in soils located at different altitudes were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The soils under study are physico-chemically and chemically acidic in the upper horizons with a pH of 3.26 to 4.05. The carbon of organic matter decreases with depth from 7.98 to 0.06%. Exchangeable Ca and Mg cations in the range of 2.6–8.6 mg-eq per 100 g of soil were determined. The mineralogical composition of the silty fraction consists mainly of quartz and aluminosilicates. Following an analysis of the arsenic content in the above-ground leaf litter, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. Arsenic exceeding Clarke concentrations was recorded. In all upper soil horizons, concentrations of total arsenic exceeded background values by 3.7–5.2 times, with maximum values in the horizons A—25.3 mg/kg, in the horizons O—64.4 mg/kg. The obtained BCF > 1 data points to the biological arsenic accumulation by plants and, as a result, its input into the soil via industrial emissions from the smelter. It was found that the silty fraction plays a special role in the accumulation of arsenic in the studied soils. Accumulation of arsenic occurred mainly due to the secondary minerals of Ca and Mg. Differences in the accumulation of arsenic in the forest litter depending on the plant association were noted. The obtained results could serve as a guideline for monitoring the areas around the enterprise and enhancing the understanding of pollutants’ distribution in the soils of remote areas and mountain landscapes.
Rockrose Land Management: Contribution of Periodic Harvesting to Increase Value and to Control Cistus ladanifer L. Shrublands
Authors: Frazão David Franco , Gonçalves José Carlos , Silva Amélia M. , Delgado Fernanda
Published: March 2023

Cistus ladanifer L. (Cistaceae) occupies extensive areas as a dominant species (shrublands) or is associated to other major forest typologies in the Iberian Peninsula. Cistus ladanifer shrublands are mostly present in oligotrophic lands with little valorisation and management and as they develop over the years (up to 20-years-old) they promote the ignition and perpetuation of fire. To contribute to the proper management and valorisation of such systems, a 5-year-old dense shrubland was evaluated for its labdanum resin, seeds, and biomass productivity using different non-destructive harvest periodicities (annual and biennial) and seasons (early, mid-, and late summer), in a two-year case-study. Annual harvest modality maximized labdanum resin productivity (reaching 230 ± 50 kg∙ha−1∙2 years−1 at late summer) and photosynthetic biomass productivity. In contrast, a biennial harvest yielded significant amounts of more diversified products. It maximized seeds productivity (reaching 75 ± 41 kg∙ha−1∙2 years−1 independently of the summer season) and lignified biomass. However, it also reached a labdanum resin productivity of 134 ± 20 kg∙ha−1∙2 yearrs−1 at late summer and a photosynthetic biomass productivity around two times lower than the annual harvest. In this study, we propose two modalities of periodic harvest to be considered as proper long cycle management practices of rockrose lands. It intends to minimize fire risks, break the vegetation auto-succession mechanism, and increase profit from non-productive lands based on three direct outputs with a myriad of applications and valorisation pathways.
Effects of Mixed Fermentation on the Aroma Compounds of ‘Italian Riesling’ Dry White Wine in Eastern Foothill of Helan Mountain
Authors: Xia Hongchuan , Zhang Zhong , Sun Lijun , Zhang Qingchen , Zhang Junxiang
Published: March 2023

To study the effect of mixed fermentation of non-Saccharomyces strains and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the aroma quality of ‘Italian Riesling’ wine in the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain and to determine the most optimum process of mixed fermentation, two selected non-Saccharomyces strains, including Hanseniaspora uvarum YUN268 and Pichia fermentans Z9Y-3, were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different proportions (10:1 or 1:1) and different stages (48 h in advance or simultaneously at the beginning) to ferment ‘Italian Riesling’ dry white wine. The oenological parameters and aroma indexes of the wine samples were evaluated. The results showed mixed fermentation can not only reduce the alcohol content of wine 0.24~0.71% vol but also increase the glycerol content to improve the taste of wine. The mixed fermentation effect of Pichia fermentans Z9Y-3 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in improvements, especially the high proportion (10:1) sequential inoculation and simultaneous inoculation of wine samples (WSP10 and WCP10), which not only produced more volatile aroma substances and glycerol content but also increased the total amount of ester substances by 49.4% and 56.5%, respectively, compared with the control. The sensory evaluation scores of WSP10 and WCP10 were significantly higher than the control (89.3 and 88.1 points, respectively). At the same time, it can also enhance the aroma of lemon, cream, almond, and others and increase the aroma complexity of wine. Therefore, these two methods of mixed fermentation inoculation are more suitable for the production of Italian Riesling wine in the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain. In conclusion, the mixed fermentation of Pichia fermentans Z9Y-3 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10:1 (simultaneous or sequential) inoculation is suitable for the production of Italian Riesling dry white wine in the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain.
Feasible Utilization of Waste Limestone as a Calcium Source for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)
Authors: Feng Qian , Song Yuqi , Lu Chuanwei , Fang Hao , Huang Yuxin , Chen Liuxia , Song Xiangyang
Published: March 2023

Microbial-induced CaCO3 precipitation (MICP) is an innovative and rapidly developing technology for sand solidification. The idea for this research project was built based on the concept of sustainable development and environmental protection. The specific material used for solidification was soluble calcium ions generated by the reaction of limestone waste, a kind of calcium-rich industrial waste from a quarry, and acetic acid. Using Ca(CH3COO)2 (prepared from limestone waste) as a calcium source resulted in a 31.87% lower MICP cost compared to using CaCl2. An unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was conducted to characterize the macroscopic mechanical properties of bio-cured sand columns. The mineral composition and the microstructure of sand columns were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). After response surface optimization, the optimal conditions for the reaction of limestone and CH3COOH were determined, and the calcium acetate yield was up to 96.81%. The UCS of sand samples treated with limestone/acetic acid was 10.61% higher than that of samples treated with calcium chloride. This research confirmed the feasibility of cheap limestone waste and soluble calcium ions generated by acetic acid as a calcium source, instead of calcium chloride, for solidifying sand columns in the MICP process.
A Theoretical Framework to Investigate Interdependency in the Assessment of Fire Resilience
Authors: Forcellini Davide
Published: March 2023

Communities and ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to fire hazard. In addition, modern societies are connected with interdependent infrastructures, and the assessment of their resilience to fire may be extremely challenging. In this regard, fire resilience may be described as the ability to maintain the functionality of infrastructures to deliver services during and after hazard events. This paper considers several typologies of interdependency in order to propose several models that may quantify fire resilience. These models are based on the previous literature and the applications recently proposed for earthquakes. Fire resilience is herein calculated by considering a multi-dimensional formulation of the repair function that depends on time and the different components of the systems. The formulations that are described may be applied for preliminary studies aimed at pre- and post-fire assessments. Many stakeholders may take advantages of such formulations to consider the interconnections between the different infrastructures, their components, and subcomponents subjected to fire hazard.
Uptake Routes and Biodistribution of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Zebrafish Larvae and Toxic Effects on Development
Authors: Contino Martina , Ferruggia Greta , Pecoraro Roberta , Scalisi Elena , Cavallaro Gianfranco , Bonaccorso Carmela , Fortuna Cosimo , Salvaggio Antonio , Capparucci Fabiano , Bottari Teresa , Brundo Maria
Published: March 2023

Polystyrene (PS) is the most widely used plastic polymer. It is mainly used to produce disposable products. Due to its resistance to degradation, PS can remain in the environment for a long time. Its mechanical, physical and biological actions determine the release of smaller fragments, which are able to penetrate organisms and accumulate in target organs. Fertilized Danio rerio eggs were exposed to concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L of fluorescent, amino-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (nPS-NH2) with diameters of 100 and 50 nm for 96h, according to OECD guidelines (2013). Uptake, biodistribution, toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated; moreover, we carried out a simulation to study the interactions between nPS-NH2 and defined regions of three receptors: STRA6, Adgrg6 and CNTN4/APLP2. We demonstrated that after being internalized, nPS-NH2 could reach the head and bioaccumulate, especially in the eyes. Moreover, they could lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the several regions where they bioaccumulated due to their interaction with receptors. This study confirmed the danger of nanoplastic wastes released in the environment.
Mānuka Oil vs. Rosemary Oil: Antimicrobial Efficacies in Wagyu and Commercial Beef against Selected Pathogenic Microbes
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Kaur Lovedeep , Gupta Tanushree B. , Bronlund John
Published: March 2023

Essential oils possessing antimicrobial characteristics have acquired considerable interest as an alternative to chemical preservatives in food products. This research hypothesizes that mānuka (MO) and kānuka (KO) oils may possess antimicrobial characteristics and have the potential to be used as natural preservatives for food applications. Initial experimentation was conducted to characterize MOs (with 5, 25, and 40% triketone contents), rosemary oil (RO) along with kanuka oil (KO) for their antibacterial efficacy against selected Gram-negative (Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli), and Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria through disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. All MOs showed a higher antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration below 0.04%, compared with KO (0.63%) and RO (2.5%). In chemical composition, α-pinene in KO, 1, 8 cineole in RO, calamenene, and leptospermone in MO were the major compounds, confirmed through Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Further, the antimicrobial effect of MO and RO in vacuum-packed beef pastes prepared from New Zealand commercial breed (3% fat) and wagyu (12% fat) beef tenderloins during 16 days of refrigerated storage was compared with sodium nitrate (SN) and control (without added oil). In both meat types, compared with the SN-treated and control samples, lower growth of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in MO- and RO- treated samples was observed. However, for Salmonella and E. coli, RO treatment inhibited microbial growth most effectively. The results suggest the potential use of MO as a partial replacement for synthetic preservatives like sodium nitrate in meats, especially against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.
Effects of Plant-Based Antioxidants in Animal Diets and Meat Products: A Review
Authors: Petcu Carmen Daniela , Mihai Oana Diana , Tăpăloagă Dana , Gheorghe-Irimia Raluca-Aniela , Pogurschi Elena Narcisa , Militaru Manuella , Borda Cristin , Ghimpețeanu Oana-Mărgărita
Published: March 2023

The perceived level of risk associated with a food product can influence purchase and consumption decisions. Thus, current trends in food safety address an issue of general interest—the identification of healthy and economical alternatives to synthetic antioxidants that may have harmful effects on human health. Still, the processors’ target is to increase the shelf life of food products using preserving substances. Natural antioxidants can be extracted and used in the food industry from different plants, such as blueberry, broccoli, chokeberry, cinnamon, ginger, olives, oregano, etc. The identification of the main natural antioxidant types that have been used in the food industry is very important in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the researched topic. In this regard, the aim of this paper was to illustrate the positive aspects of using natural antioxidants with preservative roles in meat products, while, at the same time, highlighting the potential risks induced by these compounds. All of those aspects are correlated with the impact of sensorial attributes and the improvement of the nutritional value of meat products.
Fractional Gradient Methods via ψ-Hilfer Derivative
Authors: Vieira Nelson , Rodrigues M. Manuela , Ferreira Milton
Published: March 2023

Motivated by the increase in practical applications of fractional calculus, we study the classical gradient method under the perspective of the ψ-Hilfer derivative. This allows us to cover several definitions of fractional derivatives that are found in the literature in our study. The convergence of the ψ-Hilfer continuous fractional gradient method was studied both for strongly and non-strongly convex cases. Using a series representation of the target function, we developed an algorithm for the ψ-Hilfer fractional order gradient method. The numerical method obtained by truncating higher-order terms was tested and analyzed using benchmark functions. Considering variable order differentiation and step size optimization, the ψ-Hilfer fractional gradient method showed better results in terms of speed and accuracy. Our results generalize previous works in the literature.
Recent Progress in Self-Healable Hydrogel-Based Electroluminescent Devices: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Tadesse Melkie Getnet , Lübben Jörn Felix
Published: March 2023

Flexible electronics have gained significant research attention in recent years due to their potential applications as smart and functional materials. Typically, electroluminescence devices produced by hydrogel-based materials are among the most notable flexible electronics. With their excellent flexibility and their remarkable electrical, adaptable mechanical and self-healing properties, functional hydrogels offer a wealth of insights and opportunities for the fabrication of electroluminescent devices that can be easily integrated into wearable electronics for various applications. Various strategies have been developed and adapted to obtain functional hydrogels, and at the same time, high-performance electroluminescent devices have been fabricated based on these functional hydrogels. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various functional hydrogels that have been used for the development of electroluminescent devices. It also highlights some challenges and future research prospects for hydrogel-based electroluminescent devices.
Differential Effects of ABCG5/G8 Gene Region Variants on Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure Status, and Gallstone Disease History in Taiwan
Authors: Teng Ming-Sheng , Yeh Kuan-Hung , Hsu Lung-An , Chou Hsin-Hua , Er Leay-Kiaw , Wu Semon , Ko Yu-Lin
Published: March 2023

ABCG5 and ABCG8 are two key adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) proteins that regulate whole-body sterol trafficking. This study aimed to elucidate the association between ABCG5/G8 gene region variants and lipid profile, cardiometabolic traits, and gallstone disease history in Taiwan. A total of 1494 Taiwan Biobank participants with whole-genome sequencing data and 117,679 participants with Axiom Genome-Wide CHB Array data were enrolled for analysis. Using genotype–phenotype and stepwise linear regression analyses, we found independent associations of four Asian-specific ABCG5 variants, rs119480069, rs199984328, rs560839317, and rs748096191, with total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (all p ≤ 0.0002). Four other variants, which were in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium, exhibited genome-wide significant associations with gallstone disease history, and the ABCG8 rs11887534 variant showed a trend of superiority for gallstone disease history in a nested logistic regression model (p = 0.074). Through regional association analysis of various other cardiometabolic traits, two variants of the PLEKHH2, approximately 50 kb from the ABCG5/G8 region, exhibited significant associations with blood pressure status (p < 10−6). In conclusion, differential effects of ABCG5/G8 region variants were noted for lipid profile, blood pressure status, and gallstone disease history in Taiwan. These results indicate the crucial role of individualized assessment of ABCG5/G8 variants for different cardiometabolic phenotypes.
The Current State of Irrigated Soils in the Central Fergana Desert under the Effect of Anthropogenic Factors
Authors: Abakumov Evgeny , Yuldashev Gulomjon , Mirzayev Ulugbek , Isagaliev Murodjon , Sotiboldieva Guzalkhon , Makhramhujaev Sultonkhuja , Mamajonov Inomjon , Azimov Zikrjon , Sulaymonov Omonjon , Askarov Khasanboy , Umarkulova Barchinoy , Rahimov Abror , Nizamutdinov Timur
Published: March 2023

This article highlights the role of anthropogenic factors in the modern and stage-by-stage development of soils, using the meadow-marsh soils of Central Fergana as an example. Information on the anthropogenic evolution of desert subtropical soils under long-term irrigation is provided. Data on the component composition of readily soluble salts in soils are discussed. It has been revealed that marsh-meadow soils under the influence of long-term irrigation gradually evolve into the irrigated meadow-saz soils of deserts. It is necessary to organize and conduct monitoring, the results of which could be implemented for the selection of agricultural crops, the development of methods of their sowing and planting, and for development of soil protection methods. In the initial period of using hydromorphic soils for irrigation in desert landscapes, there is a decrease in humus and total nitrogen content. The agrogenic transformation of hydromorphic soils under long-term and intensive use leads to significant changes in a number of soil properties. Each region-specific, soil-climatic condition may have its own pattern of soil areal evolution which is closely linked with the geochemical landscapes and the dynamics of the soil fertility. It is therefore necessary to consider the trends of soil transformation and evolution to improve soil fertility.
Metabolomics in Hyperuricemia and Gout
Authors: Li Rui , Liang Ningning , Tao Yongzhen , Yin Huiyong
Published: March 2023

Urate is one of the key metabolites of purine metabolism, and the overproduction of urate in the liver or decreased excretion in the kidney in humans may lead to elevated levels of urate in the circulation, termed hyperuricemia (HU). The formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joint or surrounding tissues may trigger inflammatory responses and gout attacks, which is the most common inflammatory arthritis. In addition to gout, HU has also been associated with many other metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, fatty liver diseases, kidney diseases, hypertension, and various cancers. Overwhelming evidence indicates that HU and gout lead to systematic metabolic alterations underlying these metabolic disorders. As one of the most powerful omics techniques, metabolomics systematically analyzes all small-molecule metabolites in a biological system that directly reflect the physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years, metabolomics has been increasingly employed in clinical and experimental research in HU and gout. Emerging studies have developed predictive models to differentiate HU from gout based on metabolomics and machine-learning algorithms. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in metabolomic research in gout and HU in animal and human clinical studies. A comprehensive understanding of systemic metabolic changes caused by HU and gout may provide unprecedented insights into the pathological mechanisms in HU, gout, and related metabolic diseases, which may have a profound impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HU and gout.
COVID-19-Related Stress, Fear and Online Teaching Satisfaction among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tomić Sanja D. , Tomić Slobodan , Malenković Goran , Malenković Jelena , Šljivo Armin , Mujičić Ermina
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, particularly among students, due to COVID-19-related fear and also the transition from traditional to online lectures. In this questionnaire-based study, the COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Online Teaching Satisfaction Scale were used to assess COVID-19-related fear, stress, and overall satisfaction with online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students in Serbia. A total of 167 students participated in the study, whose mean age was 21.3 ± 5.3, and the majority of whom were female and first-year students. Overall, most students experienced moderate to extremely high COVID-19-related stress levels. Overall, first-year and fourth-year students scored significantly lower regarding the Xenophobia and Traumatic stress subscales than second-year and third-year students, whereas first-year students also scored significantly lower on the Danger and Contamination subscales. First-year students experienced less COVID-19-related fear compared to senior students. Students were reasonably satisfied with online teaching. A stratified program is needed to prevent further decline of students’ mental health and to improve their adaptation through public, health, and educational changes.
Hole Matrix Mapping Model for Partitioned Sitting Surface Based on Human Body Pressure Distribution Matrix
Authors: Lu Chunfu , Chen Zeyi , Li Yu , Fu Xiaoyun , Tang Yuxiao
Published: March 2023

(1) Objective: The objective of this study was to experimentally obtain the ideal pressure distribution model of buttock and thigh support for office workers in forward-leaning and upright sitting postures, reproduce the support provided by mesh materials with elastic materials, and propose an effective seat design scheme to improve the comfort of office workers. (2) Method: Based on the seven most popular mesh chairs on the market, pressure distribution experiments, and the fuzzy clustering algorithm, the relatively ideal body pressure distribution matrices were generated for office workers under two common sitting postures, and the corresponding partitioned sitting support surfaces were obtained. A prototype chair was created and validated by combining the ergonomics node coordinates and the physical properties of the materials. (3) Result: An ideal support model of four zones was constructed, and prototype pads were designed and produced according to this model. Subjects were recruited to test the ability of the prototypes to reproduce the ideal pressure distribution maps. (4) Conclusion: The four-zone ideal support model is capable of effectively representing the buttock and thigh support requirements in forward-leaning and upright sitting postures, and it is useful for the development of related products. Studying sitting postures and pressure values generated by different activities of office workers will help to refine the needs of office personnel and provide new ideas for the design of office chairs.
The Use of Robotic Technology in the Healthcare of People above the Age of 65—A Systematic Review
Authors: Leonardsen Ann-Chatrin Linqvist , Hardeland Camilla , Helgesen Ann Karin , Bååth Carina , del Busso Lilliana , Grøndahl Vigdis Abrahamsen
Published: March 2023

Aim: The integration of robots can help provide solutions in regards to the need for an increase in resources in healthcare. The aim of this review was to identify how robots are utilized in the healthcare of people who are over the age of 65 and how this population experiences interacting with healthcare robots. Design: A systematic literature review with an integrated design was conducted. Methods: A literature search was performed in the electronic databases CINAHL via EBSCO, EMBASE, and Medline via Ovid. Content analysis was performed to assess the studies that were included in this review. Results: A total of 14 articles were included. Participants in the studies included 453 older people ranging from 65 to 108 years of age. Nine of the studies focused on people with dementia or cognitive impairment. Seven studies included different types of socially assistive human-like robots, six of the studies included two different types of animal-like robots, and one study focused on a robotic rollator. The robots mainly served as social assistive- or engagement robots.
Determination of Hourly Distribution of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Using Sex Pheromone and Ultraviolet Light Traps in Protected Tomato Crops
Authors: Zhang Gui-Fen , Zhang Yi-Bo , Zhao Lin , Wang Yu-Sheng , Huang Cong , Lü Zhi-Chuang , Li Ping , Liu Wan-Cai , Xian Xiao-Qing , Zhao Jing-Na , Li Ya-Hong , Wan Fang-Hao , Liu Wan-Xue , Wang Fu-Lian
Published: March 2023

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a leafminer that damages tomato leaves, terminal buds, flowers, and fruits, is a destructive tomato pest and is responsible for 80–100% of tomato yield losses globally. Different insect species have different courtship responses and phototropic flight rhythms. Improving the trapping effects of the sex pheromone and light traps is important for constructing an IPM system for T. absoluta. The present study explored the hourly distribution of T. absoluta adults caught by the sex pheromone (on the ground) and UV light (380 nm) traps in greenhouses over 24 h. The responses of males to sex pheromone (false female) lures were detected at dawn and early morning. The responses lasted for 3 h, from 05:30 (1 h before sunrise) to 08:30 (2 h after sunrise), and 95.8% of the males were caught during this period. The peak of the male responses to the sex pheromone was detected at 07:30 (from 06:30 to 07:30, 1 h after sunrise), and 80.8% of the males were caught during this period. The flight of male (proportion of 54.3%) and female (45.7%) adults toward the UV light traps occurred from 19:30 (time of sunset) to 06:30 (time of sunrise), lasted for 11 h, and exhibited a scotophase rhythm; 97.4% of the adults were caught during this period. The peak of adults flying toward the UV light traps occurred at 21:30 (from 20:30 to 21:30, 2 h after sunset). The rhythms of males’ responses to the sex pheromone and of the adults’ flight toward the UV lights can help to reveal the mechanisms of chemotactic and phototactic responses and may play a significant role in constructing an IPM system for this pest.
A Predictive Model of Nutrient Recovery from RAS Drum-Screen Effluent for Reuse in Aquaponics
Authors: Tetreault Joseph , Fogle Rachel L. , Ramos Ashly , Timmons Michael B.
Published: March 2023

Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) optimizes growth parameters for vegetable and aquaculture production and can be used to address growing global food insecurity. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) generate a nutrient-dense effluent that may result in environmental pollution, but with treatment and integration with hydroponic vegetable production may be repurposed as a naturally derived nutrient solution. This work developed a preliminary model using the system feed rate to calculate a plant-essential nutrient discharge rate in RAS effluent. Loading rate equations were created to calculate the daily mass of nutrients entering the system through fish feed, and discharge rate equations were created to calculate the grams of each nutrient discharged in the effluent per kilogram of feed. Data from previous published work were used for validation. The loading-rate percentage discharged for nutrients present in the effluent was between 2.71% and 64.5%, with several nutrients being prominent pollutants and all being required for vegetable growth. This work provides the preliminary framework for calculating nutrient discharge rates, which can be used to mitigate pollution or develop more precise, naturally derived hydroponic nutrient solutions for a circular bioeconomy in CEA.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Volatility of Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Karagiannopoulou Sofia , Ragazou Konstantina , Passas Ioannis , Garefalakis Alexandros , Sariannidis Nikolaos
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the interactions between Bitcoin to euro, gold, and STOXX50 during the period of COVID-19. First, a bibliometric analysis based on the R package was applied to highlight the research trends in the field during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. While investigating the effects of the pandemic on Bitcoin, the number of cases of COVID-19 was used as a proxy. Using daily data for the period 1 March 2020 to 3 March 2020 and based on a vector autoregressive model, impulse response, and variance decomposition were utilized to analyze the dynamic relationships among the variables. The results revealed that the COVID-19 cases and gold hurt the exchange rate of Bitcoin to euro, while there was great volatility regarding the response of Bitcoin to a shock of STOXX50. The Granger causality test was constructed to investigate the relationships among the variables. The results show the presence of unidirectional causality running from new cases to STOXX50 and from STOXX50 to gold. This study contributes to the existing scholarly research into the dynamic relationships that appeared among Bitcoin, gold, and STOXX50 in a period of great uncertainty. Finally, the findings have significant implications for investors, who are interested in diversifying their portfolios.
Systematic Characterization and Regulatory Role of lncRNAs in Asian Honey Bees Responding to Microsporidian Infestation
Authors: Wang Zixin , Wang Siyi , Fan Xiaoxue , Zhang Kaiyao , Zhang Jiaxin , Zhao Haodong , Gao Xuze , Zhang Yiqiong , Guo Sijia , Zhou Dingding , Li Qiming , Na Zhihao , Chen Dafu , Guo Rui
Published: March 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators in gene expression and diverse biological processes, such as immune defense and host–pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of lncRNAs in the response of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) to microsporidian infestation. Based on our previously obtained high-quality transcriptome datasets from the midgut tissues of Apis cerana cerana workers at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) and 10 dpi with Nosema ceranae (AcT7 and AcT10 groups) and the corresponding un-inoculated midgut tissues (AcCK7 and AcCK10 groups), the transcriptome-wide identification and structural characterization of lncRNAs were conducted, and the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs was then analyzed, followed by investigation of the regulatory roles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in host response. Here, 2365, 2322, 2487, and 1986 lncRNAs were, respectively, identified in the AcCK7, AcT7, AcCK7, and AcT10 groups. After removing redundant ones, a total of 3496 A. c. cerana lncRNAs were identified, which shared similar structural characteristics with those discovered in other animals and plants, such as shorter exons and introns than mRNAs. Additionally, 79 and 73 DElncRNAs were screened from the workers’ midguts at 7 dpi and 10 dpi, respectively, indicating the alteration of the overall expression pattern of lncRNAs in host midguts after N. ceranae infestation. These DElncRNAs could, respectively, regulate 87 and 73 upstream and downstream genes, involving a suite of functional terms and pathways, such as metabolic process and Hippo signaling pathway. Additionally, 235 and 209 genes co-expressed with DElncRNAs were found to enrich in 29 and 27 terms, as well as 112 and 123 pathways, such as ABC transporters and the cAMP signaling pathway. Further, it was detected that 79 (73) DElncRNAs in the host midguts at 7 (10) dpi could target 321 (313) DEmiRNAs and further target 3631 (3130) DEmRNAs. TCONS_00024312 and XR_001765805.1 were potential precursors for ame-miR-315 and ame-miR-927, while TCONS_00006120 was the putative precursor for both ame-miR-87-1 and ame-miR-87-2. These results together suggested that DElncRNAs are likely to play regulatory roles in the host response to N. ceranae infestation through the regulation of neighboring genes via a cis-acting effect, modulation of co-expressed mRNAs via trans-acting effect, and control of downstream target genes’ expression via competing endogenous RNA networks. Our findings provide a basis for disclosing the mechanism underlying DElncRNA-mediated host N. ceranae response and a new perspective into the interaction between A. c. cerana and N. ceranae.
Nitric Oxide Affects Heme Oxygenase-1, Hepcidin, and Transferrin Receptor Expression in the Placenta
Authors: Principe Patricia , Mukosera George T. , Gray-Hutto Nikia , Tugung Ashra , Gheorghe Ciprian P. , Blood Arlin B.
Published: March 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter that avidly binds both free and heme-bound iron, forming relatively stable iron nitrosyl compounds (FeNOs). We have previously demonstrated that FeNOs are present in the human placenta and are elevated in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. The ability of NO to sequester iron raises the possibility of the NO-mediated disruption of iron homeostasis in the placenta. In this work, we tested whether exposure of placental syncytiotrophoblasts or villous tissue explants to sub-cytotoxic concentrations of NO would elicit the formation of FeNOs. Furthermore, we measured changes in the mRNA and protein expression levels of key iron regulatory genes in response to NO exposure. Ozone-based chemiluminescence was used to measure concentrations of NO and its metabolites. Our results showed a significant increase in FeNO levels in placental cells and explants treated with NO (p < 0.0001). The mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 were significantly increased in both cultured syncytiotrophoblasts and villous tissue explants (p < 0.01), and the mRNA levels of hepcidin and transferrin receptor were significantly increased in culture syncytiotrophoblasts and villous tissue explants, respectively, (p < 0.01), while no changes were seen in the expression levels of divalent metal transporter-1 or ferroportin. These results suggest a potential role for NO in iron homeostasis in the human placenta and could be relevant for disorders of pregnancy such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia.
Cocktails of NSAIDs and 17α Ethinylestradiol at Environmentally Relevant Doses in Drinking Water Alter Puberty Onset in Mice Intergenerationally
Authors: Philibert Pascal , Déjardin Stéphanie , Girard Mélissa , Durix Quentin , Gonzalez Anne-Alicia , Mialhe Xavier , Tardat Mathieu , Poulat Francis , Boizet-Bonhoure Brigitte
Published: March 2023

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 17α-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) are among the most relevant endocrine-disrupting pharmaceuticals found in the environment, particularly in surface and drinking water due to their incomplete removal via wastewater treatment plants. Exposure of pregnant mice to NSAID therapeutic doses during the sex determination period has a negative impact on gonadal development and fertility in adults; however, the effects of their chronic exposure at lower doses are unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of chronic exposure to a mixture containing ibuprofen, 2hydroxy-ibuprofen, diclofenac, and EE2 at two environmentally relevant doses (added to the drinking water from fetal life until puberty) on the reproductive tract in F1 exposed mice and their F2 offspring. In F1 animals, exposure delayed male puberty and accelerated female puberty. In post-pubertal F1 testes and ovaries, differentiation/maturation of the different gonad cell types was altered, and some of these modifications were observed also in the non-exposed F2 generation. Transcriptomic analysis of post-pubertal testes and ovaries of F1 (exposed) and F2 animals revealed significant changes in gene expression profiles and enriched pathways, particularly the inflammasome, metabolism and extracellular matrix pathways, compared with controls (non-exposed). This suggested that exposure to these drug cocktails has an intergenerational impact. The identified Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) networks for NSAIDs and EE2, at doses that are relevant to everyday human exposure, will improve the AOP network of the human reproductive system development concerning endocrine disruptor chemicals. It may serve to identify other putative endocrine disruptors for mammalian species based on the expression of biomarkers.