bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical Study of the Coupling Relationship Between Biodiversity and Environmental Geology Under Different Ecological Status: Evidence From Five Typical Areas in Guizhou, China
Authors: Xie Yuangui , Zhang Lanyue , Gong Xinxiang , Liu Jiming , Liao Xiaofeng , Dong Yanyan
Published: October 2021

Analyzing the coupling relationship between biodiversity and environmental geology and exploring the factors affecting the coupling degree are of vital significance for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment. In this study, we selected five typical areas (i.e., Caohai, Chishui, Fanjingshan, Maolan, and Guanshanhu) to represent the whole Guizhou Province, China. Based on the coupling coordination degree model, we analyzed their coupling coordination trend. The results showed that the coordinated development stages of the Chishui and Fanjingshan areas both could be categorized as the synchronous development type of primary coordination because of their excellent nature conditions; the Maolan area was categorized as having restrained environmental geology because of its weak environmental geology condition; and the Guanshanhu and Weining areas were strongly affected by human activities, and both could be categorized as having restrained biodiversity. In combination with practical situation, Guizhou province can be categorized into the following three zones: an original ecological zone, a zone with fragile ecological environment, and a zone affected by human activities. Biodiversity conservation measures should be proposed according to the specific ecological situation of these different zones. In this way, the harmonious coexistence of economic development and the ecological environment can be realized.
A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study Evaluating the Scar Outcome after Gluteal Dermis Fat Graft with and without Kinesiotaping
Authors: Klingenstein Annemarie , Garip-Kuebler Aylin , Muth Daniel R , Hintschich Christoph
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To compare gluteal wound healing after dermis fat graft (DFG) implantation in patients with and without local application of kinesiotapes.Methods: In this prospective, single-center analysis, 16 patients who underwent DFG implantation were randomized in two groups. Wound healing was compared 4-6 weeks after therapy and 3 months later (after application of 2 cycles of kinesiotaping for 2-3 weeks in the case and no specific therapy in the control group). Demographic data, patient content and wound healing were assessed. Scarring was graded (0-3) by evaluation of photodocumentation by 2 blinded, independent observers.Results: Mean scar grading by both observers decreased from 2.31±0.48 to 1.13±0.72 in the case and from 2.38±0.52 to 1.44±0.50 in the control group with interobserver-agreement on scar grading being substantial to almost perfect in both groups. Scar length decreased significantly in both groups (p=0.008). Scar prominence decreased in 2/3 of cases in the case and 1/3 in the control group. Scar coloring significantly improved in the case group alone (p=0.031).Conclusion: No functionally impairing or painful scar developed. No adverse effects occurred after kinesiotaping. Gluteal scars shortened significantly over time and were significantly paler in the case group. Kinesiotaping could prevent hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation.Trial registration number: DRKS00023111; trial register: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (www.drks.de), retrospectively registered
Preliminary Investigation and Significance on the Architectural Cultural Value: A Case Study of Ancient Theater Buildings in Shaanxi Central Plain Region
Authors: Cao Jing , Bai Zhidan , Fan Liwei , Su Jing , Liu Dan , Li Yuhu , Wang Juanli
Published: October 2021

As a witness to the history of development, architecture is an important material symbol for recording history and a precious "immovable" historical and cultural heritage. The ancient theater building of the village not only condenses the artistic style of traditional architecture, but also embodies the regional character and heavy folk culture formed in the historical development of a region, and its value is indescribable. This paper takes the most characteristic ancient theater building in Shaanxi Central Plain Region as an example, and it takes the Zouyue Pavilion as the research object, and innovatively proposes the preliminary investigation method of the cultural relics protection which is equal emphasis on the protection and inheritance of the tangible cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage, it adopts the cultural relic exploration, field survey, local chronicles research and other methods, through the excavation of the diversified historical information and cultural value of the Zouyue Pavilion, it provides a cultural relic value and research significance basis for its restoration and protection, and more importantly, the precious cultural, historical and social values that can be presented, thus realizing the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage in a real sense.
Coexistence of the Social Semantic Effect and Non-Semantic Effect in the Default Mode Network
Authors: Zhang Guangyao , Hung Jinyi , Lin Nan
Published: October 2021

Neuroimaging studies have found both semantic and non-semantic effects in the default mode network (DMN), leading to an intense debate on the role of the DMN in semantic processes. Four different views have been proposed: 1) The general semantic view holds that the DMN contains several hub regions supporting general semantic processes; 2) the non-semantic view holds that the semantic effects observed in most regions of the DMN (especially the ventral angular gyrus) are confounded by difficulty and do not reflect semantic processing per se; 3) the multifunction view holds that the same areas in the DMN can support both semantic and non-semantic functions; and 4) the multisystem view holds that the DMN contains multiple subnetworks supporting different aspects of semantic processes separately. Using an fMRI experiment, we found that in one of the subnetworks of the DMN, called the social semantic network, all areas showed social semantic activation and difficulty-induced deactivation. The ventral angular gyrus, whose function had been interpreted according to the difficulty effect, showed social semantic activation independent of difficulty. In addition, the distributions of two non-semantic effects, that is, difficulty-induced and task-induced deactivations, showed dissociation in the DMN. Our findings provide two insights into the semantic and non-semantic functions of the DMN, which are consistent with both the multisystem and multifunction views: First, the same areas of the DMN can support both social semantic and non-semantic functions; second, similar to the multiple semantic effects of the DMN, the non-semantic effects also vary across its subsystems.
The Correlation between temperature and COVID-19 Incidence: An ecologic study
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Heiran Alireza , Hemmati Abdolrasool , Lotfi Mehrzad , Akbari Mahsa , forouzanrad Alireza , Sahebi Roya
Published: October 2021

Background

It has been hypothesized that the COVID-19 is less prevalent in regions with warm climates. Here we investigated the correlation between temperature and the cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate.
Method

Daily data of the temperature and the cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate were obtained from meteorological stations’ reports and CORONALAB database, respectively, for every 36 counties of Fars province, southern Iran.
Results

A decreasing pattern in the cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 was occurred at 20-25°C and 25-35°C for counties with the cold climate and counties with the warm climate, respectively; while it was increased at both upper and lower temperatures.
Conclusion

It appears that higher rates of disease transmission at temperatures below 20°C and above 35°C might be linked to people’s indoor gatherings, coupled with insufficient ventilation.
Long Noncoding RNA GUSBP3 And SAM4 Function As Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Kazak Populations In The Xinjiang Region of China
Authors: Ba Tao , Ma Tianshui , Sun Yuan , Zhu YuRong , Wang Xiaoli , Sun Kan , Chang Xiangyun
Published: October 2021

Background: The pathogenesis of T2DM is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, among which LncRNAs have a huge impact on diabetes.In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of lncRNA GUSBP3 and lncRNA SAM4 for T2DM in Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: In this study, differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were screened by microarray analysis microarray in a Kazakh population in Xinjiang, and the expression of two candidate lncRNAs (lnc-GUSBP-3 and lnc-SAM-4) was further validated by quantitative real-time polymerization chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Meanwhile, GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis were used to reveal the biological functions of the two candidate lncRNAs. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to elucidate the correlation between lnc-GUSBP-3 and lnc-SAM-4 expression and metabolic characteristics. We found that the expression of lnc-GUSBP-3 and lnc-SAM-4 was up-regulated in the T2DM group compared to healthy controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DBP, FIns and lnc-GUSBP3 were associated with T2DM susceptibility.In addition, ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of lnc-GUSBP3 and lnc-SAM4. Results: We conducted a microarray analysis of PBMC collected from patients with T2DM and healthy controls, all of Kazakh origin. In the microanalysis, we identified 89 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 147 differentially expressed mRNAs. real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from T2DM patients and healthy controls from the Xinjiang Kazakh population revealed significantly increased levels of lncRNAs GUSBP3 and SAM4 in T2DM patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lncRNA GUSBP3 expression correlated negatively with FIns, but positively with creatinine and uric acid (UA). Furthermore, lncRNA SAM4 expression correlated negatively with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but positively with UA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for lnc-GUSBP3 and lnc-SAM4 were 0.789 (95% CI = 0.672–0.906) and 0.741 (95% CI = 0.616–0.866), respectively. Conclusion: There were significant changes in lncRNA and mRNA in Kazakh T2DM patients. LncRNA-GUSBP3 and lncRNA-SAM4 may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM in Kazakhs in Xinjiang.
Assessment of Toxic and Essential Elements in Muscles of Sparus Aurata With Special Reference to Impacts on Human Health
Authors: Bat Levent , Arici Elif , Bhuyan Md. Simul , Öztekin Ayşah , Şahin Fatih
Published: October 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification of Key Genes Related to Lung Cancer with Brain Metastasis through Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis
Authors: Niu Huatao , Cao Honghua , Liu Xin , Zuo Pin , Chen Yanbei , Cheng Zhaojin , Li Ke , Huang Yunchao
Published: October 2021

Background: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common malignant tumors affecting the human central nervous system, more than 50% of BM are lung cancer. However, there is currently no universal and effective screening tool for lung cancer with BM. The study aimed to identify key genes of lung cancer with BM, achieving early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer with BM and long-term monitoring of the therapeutic response.Methods: RNA-seq data and related clinical information were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis was performed using WGCNA package and MEtuequois module was considered as the highest correlation. The Limma package of R was used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung cancer with BM and healthy samples. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments of DEGs were analysed. LASSO and SVM were used to derive key genes for lung cancer with BM, and survival analysis was used to verify the correlation between the outcome and the key genes that we found. Key genes are annotated by GSEA, and CIBERSORT was used to calculate immune infiltration from samples.Results: 5 co-expression modules were detected, and ME turquois was most significantly associated with BM in lung cancer. These genes were mainly enriched in biological processes related to cell adhesion and immunity, and the main signaling pathways are significantly related to disease and cell adhesion. 4 BM-related key genes (AQP1, GSTA1, ROS1, TGFB1I1) were identified by LASSO regression analysis and SVM-RFE screening, they were demonstrated as the potential markers for lung cancer with BM. Immune cell infiltration revealed that they were negatively correlated with T cells regulatory, T cells CD8 and Mast cells activated. Overall survival correlation analysis confirmed that the expression of AQP1, GSTA1 and TGFB1I1 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients, ROS1 was positively correlated with the prognosis of patients.Conclusions: AQP1, GSTA1, TGFB1I1 and ROS1 were identified as key genes of lung cancer with BM patients, which may regulate cancer progression by regulating immunity and have potential prognostic effects.
MicroPET Imaging of Bacterial Infection with Specifically Nitroreductase Responsive 18F-labeled Nitrogen Mustard Analogues
Authors: Huang Lumei , Fang Jianyang , Hong Shouqiang , Liu Huanhuan , Zhu Haotian , Feng Lixia , Zhuang Rongqiang , Zhao Xilin , Guo Zhide , Zhang Xianzhong
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Bacterial infection and antibiotic-resistant are still serious threats to human health. Here, we aim to develop two novel radiotracers 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP with specific nitroreductase (NTR) responsive to image the deep-seated bacterial infection with PET for differentiating infection from sterile inflammation.
Methods

18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were synthesized via a one-step method. All the steps of tracers radiosynthesis were successfully adapted in the All-In-One automated module. After the physiochemical properties of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were characterized, their specificity and selectivity to NTR were verified in E. coli and S. aureus as well. The ex vivo biodistribution of tracers was evaluated in normal mice. MicroPET-CT imaging was acquired in mouse models of bacterial infection and inflammation after the administration of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP.
Results

Fully automated radiosynthesis of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were achieved within 90 - 110 min with overall decay-uncorrected isolated radiochemical yields of 21.24 ± 4.25 % and 11.3 ± 3.78 % respectively. Molar activities of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were 320 ± 40 GBq/µmol and 275 ± 33 GBq/µmol respectively. In addition, 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP exhibited good selectivity and specificity to NTR response. PET-CT imaging in bacterial infected mice models with 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP showed significant radioactivity uptakes in both E. coli and S. aureus infected muscles. Especially, the E. coli infected muscle uptakes were up to 2.4 ± 0.2 %ID/g (18F-NTRP) and 4.05 ± 0.49 %ID/g (18F-NCRP), 3-fold to control uptake. Furthermore, both 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP showed a 2.6-fold higher uptake in bacterial infection compared to inflammation counterparts, indicating that they can distinguish infection from inflammation effectively.
Conclusion

Based on the promising results of this preliminary study, 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP are worth further study to verify their potentials for bacterial infection imaging via NTR responsive.
Tensor-network Study of Correlation-spreading Dynamics in the Two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model
Authors: Kaneko Ryui , Danshita Ippei
Published: October 2021

Recent developments in analog quantum simulators based on cold atoms and trapped ions call for cross-validating the accuracy of quantum-simulation experiments with use of quantitative numerical methods; however, it is particularly challenging for dynamics of systems with more than one spatial dimension. Here we demonstrate that a tensor-network method running on classical computers is useful for this purpose. We specifically analyze real-time dynamics of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model after a sudden quench starting from the Mott insulator by means of the infinite projected entangled pair state algorithm. Calculated single-particle correlation functions are found to be in good agreement with a recent experiment [Y. Takasu et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaba9255 (2020)]. By estimating the phase and group velocities from the single-particle and density-density correlation functions, we predict how these velocities vary in the moderate interaction region, which serves as a quantitative benchmark for future experiments.
Effects of short-term particulate air pollution and nitrogen dioxide on blood pressure in older women: Longitudinal data from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Wen Tong , Liao Duanping , Wellenius Gregory A. , Whitsel Eric A. , Margolis Helene G. , Tinker Leslie F. , Stewart James D. , Yanosky Jeff D.
Published: October 2021

BackgroundShort-term variations in particulate matter (PM) and traffic-related air pollutants (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, NO2) have been associated with daily mortality and cardiovascular health outcomes in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate whether short-term changes in PM in three size fractions (PM2.5 , PM2.5-10 , and PM10) and NO2 were associated with systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (OS) and Clinical Trials (CT). MethodsWe used linear mixed-effect models to estimate the association between short-term air pollution concentrations and repeated measures of arterial blood pressure. ResultsWe found statistically significant positive associations between short-term measures (lag days 3-5) of PM2.5 as well as NO2 for both SBP and DBP in fully adjusted models when not controlling for calendar time. Also, in only the CT, PM10 and PM2.5-10 were associated with DBP but not SBP. In fully adjusted models controlling for calendar time, associations with PM2.5-10 and NO2 remained statistically significant for DBP (except for PM2.5-10 in the OS). Specifically, in the CT group, each IQR increase in lag 3-5 NO2 exposure (9.88 ppb) was associated with a 0.13 mm Hg increase in DBP. Also, each IQR increase in lag 3-5 PM2.5-10 exposure (8.46 µg m -3) was associated with a 0.05 mm Hg increase in DBP. Effect modification was found for body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic position (SEP), diabetes, dietary sodium intake, combined fruit and vegetable consumption, and long-term PM2.5 for PM2.5 , PM10 , and NO2 . Shorter lag periods (lag 0 through lag 2) typically exhibited lesser and, especially for SBP, sometimes negative associations. In two-pollutant models of exposures lagged over 3-5 days, NO2 associations with DBP were stronger (0.20 mm Hg per IQR), but those for PM2.5-10 were attenuated to null, as compared to single-pollutant models. ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with short-term (lag days 3-5) PM2.5-10 and NO2 levels as risk factors for acute cardiovascular outcomes and cardiovascular disease, though two-pollutant model results suggest NO2 is more likely responsible for the observed effects.
Translating Qualitative Data into Intervention Content Using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Stakeholder Co-Design: A Worked Example from a Study of Cervical Screening Attendance in Older Women
Authors: Bravington Alison , Chen Hong , Dyson Judith , Jones Lesley , Dalgleish Christopher , Bryan Amée , Patnick Julietta , Macleod Una
Published: October 2021

Background: Previous screening interventions have demonstrated a series of features related to social determinants which have increased uptake in targeted populations, including the assessment of health beliefs and barriers to screening attendance as part of intervention development. Many studies cite the use of theory to identify methods of behaviour change, but fail to describe in detail how theoretical constructs are transformed into intervention content. The aim of this study was to use data from qualitative exploration of cervical screening in women over fifty in the UK as the basis of intervention co-design with stakeholders using behavioural change frameworks. We describe the identification of behavioural mechanisms from qualitative data, and how these were used to develop content for a service user leaflet and a short video animation for practitioner training. The interventions aimed to encourage sustained commitment to cervical screening among women over fifty, and to increase sensitivity to age-related problems in cervical screening among primary care practitioners.Methods: We translated qualitative data into barriers and facilitators by recoding a primary data set, and subsequently applied the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify relevant behaviour change techniques (BCTs) based on the data set. Key TDF domains and associated BCTs were presented in stakeholder focus groups to guide intervention content and mode of delivery.Results: Behavioural determinants relating to attendance clustered under three domains: beliefs about consequences, emotion and social influences, which mapped to three BCTs respectively: (1) persuasive communication/information provision; (2) stress management; (3) role modelling and encouragement. Service-user stakeholders translated these into three pragmatic intervention components: (i) addressing unanswered questions, (ii) problem-solving practitioner challenges and (iii) peer group communication. Based on (ii), practitioner stakeholders developed a call to action in three areas – clinical networking, history-taking, and flexibility in screening processes. APEASE informed modes of delivery (a service-user leaflet and a cartoon animation for practitioners).Conclusion: The application of the TDF to qualitative data can provide an auditable protocol for the translation of qualitative data into intervention content.
Metabolomic impacts of branched-chain amino acid supplementation during endurance exercise: a crossover study
Authors: Peach Jesse T. , Funk Dakota , Frothingham Lizzi , Fausset Hunter , Rowland Isaac , Bothner Brian , Miles Mary P.
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSerotonin syntheses in the brain requires a steady supply of tryptophan. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and tryptophan are transported across the blood-brain barrier by the amino acid transporter LAT1. BCAA supplementation is predicted to decrease serotonin biosynthesis through LAT1 competition and reduce central fatigue during exercise. Despite a strong theoretical basis for BCAA to attenuate serotonin production and fatigue during exercise, a number of human clinical trials have failed to demonstrate these benefits. To shed light on this discrepancy, we measured the impact of BCAA supplementation on serotonin and associated metabolites during exercise.MethodsA cohort of endurance runners (n=10) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to determine impact of BCAA supplementation during a 60-minute run at 65% of VO2 max. Metabolomic analysis targeted for serotonin and untargeted analysis for biomarkers of BCAA supplementation using LCMS were performed on serum samples collected immediately before and after exercise.ResultsSerum BCAA levels were greater in the supplement group compared to placebo (p<0.05). Serum serotonin was lower immediately after BCAA supplementation and before exercise (p<0.05) but not after exercise. L-ornithine increased during exercise with BCAA treatment compared to placebo. Ratings of perceived exertion were no different in BCAA and placebo groups.ConclusionsBCAA supplementation led to a rapid decrease in serum serotonin concentration relative to placebo, which may be indicative of a central nervous system (CNS) mediated process. After exercise with BCAA supplementation, endurance athletes did not show lower serum serotonin concentration, but did present an almost three-fold increase in L-ornithine which has metabolic connections to cortisol and central fatigue.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04969536, retrospectively registered 20 July 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04969536
A Synthesis and Future Research Directions for Tropical Mountain Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Christmann Tina , Menor Imma Oliveras
Published: October 2021

Many tropical mountain ecosystems (TME) are severely disturbed, requiring ecological restoration to recover biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, the extent of restoration efforts across TMEs is not known due to the lack of syntheses on ecological restoration research. Here, based on a systematic review, we identify geographical and thematic research gaps, compare restoration interventions, and consolidate enabling factors and barriers of restoration success. We find that restoration research outside Latin-America, in non-forested ecosystems, and on socio-ecological questions is scarce. For most restoration interventions success is mixed and generally limited by dispersal and microhabitat conditions. Finally, we propose five directions for future research on tropical mountain restoration in the UN decade of restoration, ranging from scaling up restoration across mountain ranges, investigating restoration in mountain grasslands, to incorporating socio-economic and technological dimensions.
IL-17A Contributes to the Angiotensin II-induced Neurovascular Coupling impairment through Oxidative Stress
Authors: Youwakim Jessica , Vallerand Diane , Girouard Helene
Published: October 2021

Hypertension, a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition, is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. These diseases have been associated with higher concentration of blood interleukin (IL)-17A. However, the role that IL-17A plays in the relationship between hypertension and brain remains misunderstood. Cerebral blood flow regulation may be the crossroads of these conditions. Hypertension alters cerebral blood flow regulation including neurovascular coupling (NVC). In the present study, the effects of IL-17A on NVC in the context of hypertension induced by angiotensin (Ang) II will be examined. Our results show that the neutralization of IL-17A or the specific inhibition of its receptor prevent the Ang II- induced NVC impairment. These treatments reduce the Ang II-induced cerebral oxidative stress. Tempol and NOX-2 depletion prevent NVC impairment induced by IL-17A. These findings suggest that IL-17A, through superoxide anion production, is an important mediator of cerebrovascular dysregulation induced by Ang II.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Bifidobacterium Catenulatum Reveal the Genetic Divergence of its Two Subspecies from Infant and Adult Gut
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Li Weicheng , Yao Caiqing , Yu Jie , Zhang Heping
Published: October 2021

Background: Bifidobacterium catenulatum, which includes two subspecies that B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense and B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum are usually from infant and adult gut respectively, while the genomic studies of functional difference and genetic divergence in them have been rarely reported. In this study, we analyzed 16 B. catenulatum strains through comparative genomics, including two novel sequenced strains. Results: A phylogenetic tree based on 785 core genes indicated that the two subspecies of B. catenulatum were significantly separated and confirmed their colonizing bias in infants and adults. Comparison of general genomic characteristics revealed that the two subspecies had significantly different genomic sizes but similar GC content. Functional annotations found that they peculiarly differ in utilization of carbohydrates and amino acid. Among them, we found that carbohydrate metabolism seems to play an important role in the divergence because of their carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) present two different clustering patterns. B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense have functional genes that specifically adapted to the infant gut for glycoside hydrolases 95 (GH95) and carbohydrate-binding modules 51 (CBM51), which specifically participated in the metabolism of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs), and specific genes fuc that related to HMOs were also detected. While B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum rich in GH3 and glycosyltransferases 4 (GT4) tended to metabolize plant-derived glycan that may help it metabolize more complex carbohydrates (eg. xylan) in the adult intestine. Conclusions: Our findings revealed genomic evidence of carbohydrate utilization bias which may be a key leading to the genetic divergence of two subspecies of B. catenulatum.
Sensitivity analysis of conformal CCs for injection molds: 2D Transient Heat Transfer Analysis
Authors: Silva Hugo Miguel , Noversa Tiago , Fernandes Leandro , Rodrigues Hugo , Pontes António
Published: October 2021

Conformal Cooling Channels (CCCs) have gotten easier and more economical to manufacture in recent years. This was largely due to recent developments in additive manufacturing. The usage of CCCs in engineering applications involving injection molding provides for superior cooling performance than straight drilled channels, which have traditionally been utilized in injection molding. The fundamental reason for this is that CCCs are able to follow the molded geometry's trajectories. With the use of CCC’s, the cooling time, total injection time, thermal stresses, and warpage can all be considerably reduced. Nonetheless, the CCC design process is more difficult than that of traditional channels. The integration of computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulations is critical for achieving an effective, cost-effective design. This paper focuses the sensitivity analysis of design variables, with the intention of implementing a design optimization methodology in the future. The ultimate goal is to optimize the placement of Cooling Channels (CCs) to minimize the ejection time and maximize the uniformity of temperature distribution. It can be concluded that the parametrization done in ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL), as well as the selected design variables are feasible and might be useful for future optimization methodologies.
Potential Biomarkers for Predicting the Overall Survival of Lung squamous cell carcinoma: A analysis of Ferroptosis-Related lncRNAs
Authors: Wu zixuan , Huang Xuyan , Cai Min-jie , Huang Peidong , Guan Zunhui
Published: October 2021

Background

In 502 Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, the predictive significance of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was investigated. In LUSC, we meant to express how ferroptosis-associated lncRNAs interact with immune cell infiltration.
Methods

Gene expression enrichment was investigated using gene set enrichment analysis in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The prognostic model was constructed using Lasso regression. To better understand immune cell infiltration in different risk groups and its relationship to clinical outcome, researchers analyzed by modifications in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunological association. The expression of lncRNA was intimately connected to that of ferroptosis, according to co-expression analyses. Ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were shown to be partially overexpressed in high-risk patients in the absence of additional clinical signs, suggesting that they may be incorporated into a prediction model to predict LUSC prognosis. GSEA revealed the immunological and tumor-related pathways in the low-risk group.
Results

According to TCGA, CCR and inflammation-promoting genes were considered to be significantly different between the low-risk and high-risk groups. The expression of C10orf55, AC016924.1, AL161431.1, LUCAT1, AC104248.1, and MIR3945HG were likewise different in the two risk groups.
Conclusion

LncRNAs linked to ferroptosis are connected to the occurrence and development of LUSC. With the use of matching prognostic models, the prognosis of LUSC patients can be predicted. In LUSC, ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and immune cell infiltration in the TME might be novel therapeutic targets that should be investigated further.
Reproductive Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Adolescents Attending Secondary Schools in Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Andemeskel Yonatan Mehari , Weldegiorgis Ghidey Gebreyohannes , Bekit Bekit Zere , Gebresilassie Ermias Gebregziabiher , Gebreab Goitom Hagos , Gebresilassie Tedros Yemane , Abraha Yonas Haile
Published: October 2021

Background: Adolescent reproductive health problems are a great threat to adolescent’s warfare and such problems are associated with inadequate knowledge. In Eritrea, as adolescent reproductive health is not given much attention the knowledge is expected to be poor, which could lead adolescents to become victims of adolescence related reproductive health problems and limit their opportunity to build a better future. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating the reproductive health knowledge, attitude and practice among secondary school students in Asmara, the capital of Eritrea. Methods: A cross sectional study design was conducted on 428 adolescent high school students with the age range of 14 to 19 years. Sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula. Initially, population size of each school and each grade was taken and proportional sample size was determined from each school and then from each grade. The list of students was used and participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analysis were made using SPSS (version 22). Statistical significance level was set at P<0.005.Results: The median age of the study participants was 15 (IQR=2), in which 88.8% were between age of 14 to 16 years with 53% of them being females. The level of knowledge of the students regarding RH was low, with moderate to good attitude. Sexual practice was very low (3.5%) with usage of 86.7% of contraceptive use. Meanwhile, the usage of sexually explicit material was relatively higher (53%). Conclusions: Reproductive health knowledge was low almost in all variables. Meanwhile, significant number of students are already engaged in heterosexual romantic relationships and use of sexually explicit material. Adolescents need to be knowledgeable about themselves and the people they relate to, need sound information about the physical, psychological and social changes that take place through childhood to adolescence.
Influence Mechanism of Nitrogen Injection Into Closed Fire Zone On the Re-Ignition For Residual Coal in Goaf
Authors: XU Yong-liang , LIU Ze-jian , WEN Xing-lin , Wang Lan-yun , LV Zhi-guang , WU Jin-dong , LI Min-jie
Published: October 2021

Coal is the foundation of Chinese energy and economic structure, and the unsealing of coal mine fires would cause a great risk of coal re-ignition. The uniaxial compression equipped with a temperature-programmed (UCTP) device was built to explore the influence of pressure-bearing state on the re-ignition characteristics of residual coal. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Synchronous Thermal Analyzer (STA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (FTIR) was applied to investigate the microscopic structure and thermal effect of the coal samples. Moreover, the microscopic effect of uniaxial stress on coal re-ignition was revealed, and the re-ignition mechanism was also obtained. As the uniaxial stress increases, the number, depth and length of the fractures in the pretreated coal increase, and the filling material increases. The application of uniaxial stress causes the thermal conductivity to change periodically, which enhances the heat transfer inhibition effect of nitrogen and prolongs the oxidation exothermic stage. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups has a high correlation with apparent activation energy, and coal samples at 6 MPa are more likely to re-ignition when the fire zone is unsealed. Uniaxial stress controls the re-ignition mechanism by changing the structure of fractures and pores. The side chains and functional groups in the coal structure are easier to break under thermal-stress coupling. The higher the ·OH content, the more difficult it is to re-ignition. The research results have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the safe unsealing of coal field fire areas, tightened the common bond between the actual industry and the experimental theory in the closed fire area, and provided theoretical guidance for preventing coal re-ignition.
Phytochemical Analysis Reveals an Antioxidant Defense Response in Lonicera Japonica To Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Tang Yi , Gu Fengwu , Wang Xiaoqian , Yang Wei , Han Yang , Ruan Yanan
Published: October 2021

Cadmium (Cd), though potentially beneficial at lower levels to some plant species, at higher levels is a toxic metal that is detrimental to plant growth and development. Cadmium is also a carcinogen to humans and other contaminated plant consumers, affecting the kidneys and reducing bone strength. In this study we investigated responses of growth, chlorophyll content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and antioxidant responses to Cd2+ in honeysuckle leaves (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), a potential cadmium hyperaccumulator. Results indicated that plant height, dry weight, leaf area, and chlorophyll content increased when honeysuckle was exposed to 10 or 30 mg/kg Cd2+ (low concentration). However, in response to 150 or 200 mg/kg Cd2+ (high concentration) these growth parameters and chlorophyll content significantly decreased relative to untreated control plant groups. Higher levels of superoxide radical (O2.−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were observed in high concentration Cd2+ groups. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced with exposure to increasing levels of Cd2+. Additionally, the AsA-GSH cycle was activated for the removal of H2O2 in honeysuckle in response to elevated Cd2+. The Pearson correlation analysis, a redundancy analysis (RDA), and a permutation test indicated that proline and APX were dominant antioxidants for removing O2.− and H2O2. The antioxidants GSH and NPTs also increased as the concentration of Cd2+ increased.
An Inter-loop Approach on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge for the Production of Biochar and Its Application as an Adsorbent for Lead-acid Battery Recycling
Authors: Martins Vinícius Mateus Silveira , Sante Luiz Guilherme Giannina , Giona Renata Mello , Possetti Gustavo Rafael Collere , Bail Alesandro
Published: October 2021

This work presents an inter-loop approach in which the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge allows the production of biochars capable of removing iron ions, which usually harm the lead-acid batteries performance, from spent sulfuric acid without any activation step. The HTC process was performed at three different water/biomass ratios under 180 ºC by 24 h, and except for water, no additional chemical input was used. The moisture content of the sludges ranged from 76 to 91 wt.%. Biochars were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA and N2 adsorption-desorption. Results suggest a high dependence of their textural and surface properties on the water amount inside the reactor vessel. The expressive presence of multiple mineral phases in the sewage sludge allowed the formation of a hydrophilic surface, which was fundamental for the iron ions adsorption at strong acidic conditions. Porosity was strongly influenced by the water/biomass ratio, with biochar’s surface displaying pore dimensions in nano and micro domains. Furthermore, the non-activated biochar presented an adsorption capacity up to 148 mgFe g-1, whereas the commercial activated carbon “as received” achieved 178 mgFe g-1. Results show the potential of the HTC technique for sewage sludge conversion into biochar without pre-drying, and the possibility of interconnecting two or more industrial processes in order to make them cleaner and more sustainable, matching the principles of circular economy.
Spatiotemporal Changes of Tissue Glycans Depending on Localization in Cardiac Aging
Authors: Itakura Yoko , Hasegawa Yasuko , Kikkawa Yurika , Murakami Yuina , Nagai-Okatani Chiaki , Sasaki Norihiko , Umemura Mariko , Takahashi Yuji , Kimura Tohru , Kuno Atsushi , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Toyoda Masashi
Published: October 2021

Heart failure is caused by various factors, making its underlying pathogenic mechanisms difficult to identify, and tends to worsen over time. Early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is the key for treatment to promote healthy life. To detect the structural and functional molecular changes associated with cardiovascular disease, we focused on glycans, which reflect the type and state of cells. We investigated glycan localization in the cardiac tissue of normal mice and their alterations during aging using an evanescent-filed lectin microarray, a technique based on lectin-glycan interaction, and lectin staining. The glycan profiles in the left ventricle showed differences between the luminal side (medial) and the wall side (lateral) region. The former area was characterized by the presence of sialic acid residues.Moreover, age-related changes in glycan profiles were observed earlier in the medial region. The difference in the age-related decrease of a-galactose stained with griffonia simplicifolia lectin-IB4 in different region of the leftventricle suggested spatiotemporal changes in microvessels. The glycan profile, which retains diverse glycan structures, is supported by many cell populations and maintains cardiac function. Glycan localization and changes are expected to be developed as a marker of the signs and symptoms of heart failure in the future.
Adult Extrarenal Teratoid Wilms’ Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Liao Linhong , Cheng Hui
Published: October 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
177Lu-DOTA-0-Tyr3-Octreotate Infusion Modeling for Real-Time Detection and Characterization of Extravasation During PRRT
Authors: Christophe Mazzara , Salvadori Julien , Ritzenthaler Florian , Martin Simon , Porot Clémence , Imperiale Alessio
Published: October 2021

Purpose.

Given the recent and rapid development of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), increasing emphasis should be placed on the early identification and quantification of therapeutic radiopharmaceutical (thRPM) extravasation during intravenous administration. Herein, we provide an analytical model of 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotate (Lutathera®) infusion for real-time detection and characterization of thRPM extravasation.
Methods.

For 33 Lutathera®-based PRRT procedures using the gravity infusion method, equivalent dose rates (EDRs) were monitored at the patient’s arm. Models of flow dynamics for nonextravasated and extravasated infusions were elaborated and compared to experimental data through an equivalent dose rate (EDR) calibration. Nonextravasated infusion was modeled by assuming constant volume dilution of 177Lu activity concentration in the vial and Poiseuille-like laminar flow through the tubing and patient vein. Extravasated infusions were modeled according to their onset times by considering elliptically shaped extravasation with different aspect ratios.
Results.

Over the 33 procedures, the peak of the median EDR was reached 14 min after the start of the infusion with a value of 450 uSv/h. On the basis of experimental measurements, 1 mSv/h was considered the empirical threshold for Lutathera® extravasation requiring cessation of the infusion and start again with a new route of injection. According to our model, the concentration of extravascular activity was directly related to the time of extravasation onset and its duration, a finding inherent in the gravity infusion method. This result should be considered when planning therapeutic strategy in the case of RPM extravasation because the local absorbed dose for β-emitters is closely linked to activity concentration. For selected EDR values, charts of extravasated activity, volume, and activity concentration were computed for extravasation characterization.
Conclusion.

We proposed an analytical model of Lutathera® infusion and extravasation (gravity method) based on EDR monitoring. This approach could be useful for the early detection of thRPM extravasation and for the real-time assessment of activity concentration and volume accumulation in the extravascular medium.
Perinatal Environmental Health Education Intervention to Reduce Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: The PREVED Project
Authors: OUAZZANI HOURIA EL , Fortin Simon , Venisse Nicolas , Dupuis Antoine , Rouillon Steeve , Cambien Guillaume , Gourgues Anne-Sophie , Pierre-Eugène Pascale , Rabouan Sylvie , MIGEOT Virginie , Albouy-Llaty Marion
Published: October 2021

BackgroundEnvironmental health promotion interventions may reduce endocrine disruptor (ED) exposure. PREVED (PREgnancy, preVention, Endocrine Disruptors) project was developed to improve knowledge, to enhance risk perception and to change exposure behavior. Our objective was to present the phases of PREVED project using the RE-AIM method.MethodsPREVED intervention consisted of 3 workshops during pregnancy. Reach, adoption, and implementation phases were assessed with qualitative studies. Efficacy study consisted of a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 268 pregnant women: i) control group (leaflet) ii) intervention group in neutral location iii) intervention group in contextualized location. The main outcome was the percentage evolution of participants who reported consuming canned food. Secondary outcomes were evolution of psycho-social scores, evolution of ED presence in urine and ED presence in colostrum. ResultsThe intervention adoption was centered on upper-privileged women, but implementation assessment showed that key features (highly practical intervention) seemed to be carried out and had initiated some behavior changes. A total of 268 pregnant women participated in the intervention and 230 on randomized controlled trial (control group: 86 and intervention groups: 172). We found no significant differences in consumption of canned food and in percentage of women having a decrease of bisphenol A or parabens in urine, but we found significant increase in the evolution of risk perception score and overall psychosocial score in intervention groups (respectively: +15.73 control versus +21.03 intervention, p=0.003 and +12.39 versus +16.20, p=0.02). We found a significant difference in percentage of women with butylparaben detection between control group and intervention groups (13% versus 3%, p=0.03). ConclusionPREVED intervention is the first intervention research dedicated to perinatal environmental health education in France. By sharing know-how/experience in a positive non-alarmist approach, it improved risk perception, which is a key to behavior change aiming to reduce perinatal ED exposure. Including women in precarious situations stay a major issue.Trial registration number: Retrospectively registered on 31 July 2017 (when the first participant was enrolled in this non-drug intervention, ClinicalTrials.gov was centered in therapeutic trials): NCT03233984 - URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03233984