bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the Question of Terminology, Expert Criteria for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Antiangiogenic Therapy and the Prevalence of Refractory Forms of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Review
Authors: Likhvantseva V. G. , Trubilin V. N. , Kapkova S. G. , Gevorgyan A. S.
Published: October 2021

The authors presented a review of studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy in patients with neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. The purpose of this review was to clarify the prevalence of true refractory forms of WMD on literary data. The vast majority of experts consider the marker of “refractory” the exit of the dye from the vessels on fluorescent angiography (FAG), fibrovascular detachment of pigment epithelium with intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid on optical coherent tomography, an increase in hemorrhage on the eye compared to the initial level of post-loading phase therapy. The analysis showed a wide corridor of indicators, due to different approaches and timing of the assessment of the respondent’s status, as well as expert criteria for the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy. In addition, the authors drew attention to the different understanding of the terms tahiphylaxis and tolerance, presented by the researchers. Many papers are replacing these perceptions. The our work presents the fundamental differences of these biological phenomena in the clinic and morphometric data, as well as the timing of development. Meanwhile, overcoming resistance involves an accurate diagnosis of the pharmacological cause and a subsequent differentiated approach to solving the problem. An overview of the work on overcoming refractory to antiangiogenic drugs in various ways is presented.
Dynamic Biometric Indicators of the Anterior Segment Structure of the Eye in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Voronin G. V. , El-Sangahawi A. A. , Avetisov K. S. , Yartsev V. D. , Narbut M. N.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remains one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Up to date, a significant amount of data has been accumulated concerning the biometric parameters of the eye in PACG, however, there is a lack of information on the dynamic characteristics of these parameters.

Objective: to evaluate the dynamic biometric characteristics of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye in PACG.

Patients and methods. The results of optical coherence tomography were analyzed in 40 patients with PACG and in 40 patients without signs of hydrodynamic disorder. The studies were carried out under photopic and mesopic illumination conditions. The scanned images were obtained using an RTVue-100-2 optical coherence tomograph device (Optovue, USA). Biometric measurements were performed using standard tomograph software; volumetric studies were carried out based on the Pappus-Guldinus theorem with additional constructions. When analyzing the obtained images, 13 different linear and volumetric parameters were evaluated.

Results. A decrease in the parameters reflecting the features of the configuration of the anterior chamber of the eye was noted in the presence of PACG (width of the ACA, depth and volume of the anterior chamber). From the point of view of the possible influence on the state of the anterior chamber angle, it is necessary to highlight changes in such indicators as the area, volume and thickness of the iris. Regardless of the conditions of the examination, these indicators, on average, were significantly higher in the PACG and practically did not change with a decrease in the level of illumination. At the same time, in the absence of disturbances in hydrodynamics under mesopic conditions, despite an increase in the thickness of the iris, a significant decrease in its area and volume was noted.

Conclusion. Biometric changes in the structures of the anterior segment of the eye in the case of PACG relate not only to linear, but also to volumetric indicators. As a certain component of hydrodynamic disorders in the case of PACG, the revealed preservation of the iris volume during pupil dilation under mesopic illumination conditions should be considered, while in the absence of hydrodynamic disorders, this indicator decreased. Therefore, not only static changes in the biometric characteristics of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye, but also their dynamic fluctuations, should be considered as a risk factor for clinical manifestations of PACG, which determines the practical significance of dynamic biometric studies in the examination of patients with suspected PACG.
The Effect of Bioregulators Isolated from Blood Serum and Cornea of the Bovin’s Eye on the Condition of Tissue and Cells of the Rabbit Corneas during Cultivation and Storage
Authors: Krasnov M. S. , Yamskova V. P.
Published: October 2021

Objective: to study the condition of the cornea, as well as its epithelial and endothelial cells, while maintaining in vitro at various temperature conditions, under the influence of a number of factors, including bioregulators isolated from blood serum and cornea of the bovine, and epidermal growth factor.

Methods. The study was carried out on rabbit corneas stored at temperatures of +4, –86 °C, as well as the cultivation of endothelial and epithelial cells isolated from the cornea after storage at these temperatures, followed by histological and immunohistochemical studies.

Results. Storage of the cornea at +4 °C for 10 days leads to corneal edema and significantly reduces their transparency, both bioregulators partially prevent a decrease in the transparency of the cornea, while the endothelial layer lyses in groups with the addition of epidermal growth factor and corneal bioregulator; but remains in the cornea with the addition of a serum bioregulator. All three factors contribute to the preservation of the Bowman membrane. In the corneas stored at –86 °C on the 30th day, a preserved endothelial layer was observed, and the epithelium retained its multilayering in all groups with the addition of factors other than the control group. In the control samples, the epithelial layer partially exfoliated, the endothelial layer was almost completely lysed. Both bioregulators stimulated the proliferation of cells isolated from the native cornea and enhanced the action of the epidermal growth factor. Similar results were obtained on cells isolated from stored corneas for 2 weeks at –86 °C. In the case of combined use of the epidermal growth factor and bioregulators on the 30th day, the endothelial layer was mainly preserved, the Descemet’s membrane was not broken. In the control samples, the epithelium was mainly single-layered, partially exfoliated, and the endothelial layer was completely lysed.

Conclusion. Storage of cornea during hypothermia (+4 °С) does not provide corneal viability for longer than 10 days. Storage under conditions of cryopreservation (–86 °C) ensures the viability of the cornea for 60 days. Adding bioregulators and an epidermal growth factor to the basic preservation medium allows one to obtain a structurally safe and viable cornea, while all cellular layers of the cornea, including the endothelial layer, are preserved and viable.
Peripheral Refraction, Wave Front of the Eye and Visual Performance in the Correction of Myopia in Children with Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses with High Addition
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Milash S. V. , Epishina M. V.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: to study the effect of bifocal soft contact lens (BSCL) with an ADD of 4 diopters on peripheral refraction (PR), optical and ergonomic eye parameters in children with myopia.

Patients and methods. 26 patients (52 eyes) with myopia –3.09 ± 1.13 diopters at the age of 10.04 ± 1.5 years without correction and with correction by BSCL Prima BIO Bi-focal ( Okay Vision Retail, Russia). All patients underwent a horizontal and vertical PR study on an open field autorefractometer Grand Seiko WAM-5500 (Japan), wavefront aberrations were studied on OPD-Scan III aberrometer (Nidek, Japan), contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions were studied on a Mesotest 2 instrument (Oculus, Germany) and visual productivity was studied using test tables.

Results. The visual acuity of the distance with a BSCL correction of 0.98 ± 0.04 did not differ (p = 0.26) from the maximum visual acuity corrected by spherocylindrical glasses of 0.99 ± 0.04. BSCL induces myopic defocus in all peripheral zones, with a maximum value of 15° and a sharp decrease of 30°. Peripheral myopic defocus induced by the lens at a horizontal and vertical angle of 15 degrees did not depend on the initial degree of myopia. BSCL increases the total RMS from 0.07 ± 0.02 μm to 0.19 ± 0.07 μm in the 3 mm zone (p < 0.01) and from 0.27 ± 0.09 μm to 1.18 ± 0, 23 μm in the 6 mm zone (p < 0.01), mainly due to an increase in spherical aberration from –0.0005 ± 0.006 μm to 0.06 ± 0.01 μm (p < 0.01) and from 0.01 ± 0.09 μm to 0.58 ± 0.14 μm (p < 0.01) in the 3 mm and 6 mm zones, respectively. An increase in the overall RMS in BSCL reduces the quality of eye optics and contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions, but does not impair visual productivity.

Conclusion. BSCLs with a high ADD of 4 diopters are capable of inducing significant myopic peripheral defocus due to the induction of spherical aberration, while maintaining high visual acuity and not changing ophthalmic ergonomics, which makes them a pathogenetically substantiated method for correcting myopia and preventing its progression in children and adolescents.
Do We Have a Place for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Corneal Refractive Surgery?
Authors: Maychuk N. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Obraztsova M. R.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. Corneal refractive surgery is a modern, dynamically developing segment of ophthalmology that provides highly predictable, safe and stable refractive results in patients with a wide range of ametropias. Corneal refractive surgery, usually is chosen by patients who lead an active lifestyle and need rapid medical and social rehabilitation, people with high requirements for the quality of life and showing increased expectations for the result of correction. Perhaps this is due to the fact that, according to a survey at the exit of the Department of refractive laser Surgery of the S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, conducted after consulting a surgeon with a description of the course of the operation and the postoperative course, about 1 % of patients refuse surgery, fearing painful sensations in the postoperative period, and 23.4 % of the expected postoperative discomfort causes strong concerns.

Purpose. To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Broxinac (0.09 % bromfenac solution) in the early postoperative period of corneal refractive surgery.

Materials and methods. The study included 168 patients (168 eyes) with moderate and high myopia after PRK (24 eyes), FemtoLASIK (78 eyes) and ReLEx SMILE (66 eyes), divided into equal subgroups: in the main group, Broxinac was instilled once 30 minutes after the operation, and in the control group — placebo. In the PRK subgroup of the main group, daily instillations of Broxinac were continued until complete reepithelization. The severity of the indicators “eye pain”, “photophobia”, “lacrimation”, “foreign body sensation” was evaluated on a five-point scale, the state of the corneal epithelium when stained with fluorescein, and overall satisfaction with the operation.

Results and discussion. It is established that the analgesic effect occurred on average after 4.4 ± 0.6 minutes. Broxinac had a rapid, pronounced analgesic effect in patients in the early postoperative period after keratorefractive surgery, without slowing of corneal reepithelization, and can be recommended for use in clinical practice for analgesia and relief of aseptic inflammatory reaction in the early postoperative period after FemtoLASIK and PRK. The ReLEx SMILE does not require pain relief.

Conclusion. Analgesia of the early postoperative period increases patient satisfaction with the result of the operation, popularizes it and helps to attract patients who previously refused surgical correction of ametropia due to fear of painful sensations.
A Personalized Approach to the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Onishchenko A. L. , Maltseva N. V. , Smirnova A. Sh. , Kazantseva O. M. , Makogon S. I.
Published: October 2021

Aim — to study of gene polymorphisms affecting the effectiveness of timolol treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Patients and Methods. The study included 39 Russian patients (29 women and 10 men) aged 53 to 89 years old with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before the start of therapy and after 2 weeks during treatment. Сoefficient of decrease in IOP was calculated in percentage of its initial level (∆D). Patients were genotyped according to the polymorphic loci MMP1-160insG, MMP12A-82G, TIMP1C536T, ADRB1Arg389Gly, ADRB1Ser49Gly, NAT2Lys268Arg, GSTP1Ile105Val using the corresponding SNP-express reagent kits (NPF Lytech, Moscow).

Results. No effect of MMP12A-82G, TIMP1C536T, ADRB1Arg389Gly, NAT2Lys268Arg polymorphisms on efficiency of reduction of IOP under action of thymolol in “best” eyes was revealed. The carriage of a homozygous genotype GSTP1Ile105Ile resulted in the best ophthalmic hypotensive effect of a timolol (∆D ≥ 20 %), which probability was 5.63 times higher in comparison with ∆D < 20 %. In the “worst” eyes, the association of carriage of a combination of wild genotypes GSTP1Ile105Ile×NAT2Lys268Lys with the best response of patients to timolol was revealed. The ophthalmic hypotensive effect of 10 ≤ ∆D < 20 % in such carriers was more than 11 times more likely than ∆D < 10 %.

Conclusion. The carriage of the wild genotype GSTP1Ile105Ile determines the best ophthalmic hypotensive effect of timolol and can be a prognostic marker for the effective treatment of patients with POAG. The combination of wild genotypes GSTP1Ile105Ile×NAT2Lys268Lys can contribute to the better therapeutic effect of timolol, and mutant ones can prevent it.
Analysis of the Assortability of Ophthalmologists Using a Therapy as Part of Routine Medical Care for Patients with Inflammatory Eye Diseases
Authors: Vorobyeva I. V. , Frolov M. A. , Slonimskiy Yu. B.
Published: October 2021

The problem of diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases takes a leading place in Russia and in the world, but the most important thing is the correct choice of treatment methods. Purpose of the work: collection and analysis of data on doctors’ preferences under prescribing therapy in patients with inflammatory eye pathology in routine clinical practice. As a result, 5960 clinical cases from 47 Russian cities were analyzed. This article compiles data from October to November 2020. 151 medical researchers were taken part in the participation of the recruitment. Doctors made different diagnoses for referring patients, but significantly more often diagnosis H10.3 was detected — 17.99 % (in 1072 patients). Ophthalmologists preferred to prescribe the following combination of drugs: 1 — antibacterial local, 2 — local antiseptics, 3 — non-steroidal anti-inflammatory local, a combination (antibiotic and glucocorticosteroid), antiallergic in the form of drops of local action. The choice of drugs for inflammatory eye disease is determined by their high efficiency of use for a given disease: antibiotic Signicef® (levofloxacin 0,5 %), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Broxinac® (bromphenac 0,09 %), fixed combination Kombinil® (ciprofloxacin 0,3 % + dexamethasone 0,1 %), Visallergol® (olopatadine 0,2 %) in the form of topical eye drops.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion as a Complication in Invasive Aesthetic Cosmetology: a Clinical Case
Authors: Trubilin V. N. , Poluninа E. G. , Kurenkov V. V. , Chinenova K. V. , Yatsun A. S. , Evstigneeva Yu. V.
Published: October 2021

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a relatively rare form of acute retinal arterial ischemia that results in unilateral vision loss. The incidence of transient vision loss is estimated at approximately 14 cases per 100,000 people per year, while the incidence of CRAO is approximately 1–2 cases per 100,000 people. In the foreign literature, there are more and more publications about the development of iatrogenic vision loss after dermal cosmetic injections. We would like to present a clinical case that should be interesting for both practicing ophthalmologists and specialists of related specialties, especially for cosmetologists. Patient M., 42 years old, came to us with complaints of a sharp loss of vision to light perception in the right eye. From the anamnesis, it is known that two hours earlier, the patient was injected into the temporal region (plasma, anesthetic, epinephrine) in the cosmetology office. Lightning-fast deterioration of vision occurred at the time of the drug administration. The patient arrived at the clinic 2 hours after the onset of complaints. We conducted an ophthalmological examination of the patient, the diagnosis was made: occlusion of the central artery of the retina of the right eye, and immediately performed standard emergency therapy. After a course of conservative treatment in an ophthalmological hospital, a persistent decrease in visual functions and a violation of arterial blood circulation in the central retinal artery basin remained. The progressive increase in the number of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures in recent years, in particular, injections of dermal fillers, is associated with rare, but often fatal complications. This clinical situation should attract the attention of practicing ophthalmologists and cosmetologists to these types of complications, and improve the quality and speed of emergency medical care.
Patents
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2021

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Kentsel Peyzajda Kullanılan Odunsu Taksonların Arı Çekme Potansiyelleri Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi; Artvin Kent Merkezi Örneği
Authors: SARI Derya
Published: October 2021

Dünyadaki tüm ekosistemlerin devamlılığı için bitkiler ve polinatörler arasındaki ilişkinin sürdürülebilirliği vazgeçilmez bir ihtiyaçtır. Küresel ölçekte tozlaşmanın önemi giderek daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Özellikle kentsel alanlarda azalan tozlaştırıcı nüfusunun dengelenmesi ve kent içi biyoçeşitliliğinin desteklenmesi önemli bir konudur. Kentsel yeşil alanlarda yürütülen birçok bitkilendirme faaliyeti bu bağlamda yeşil altyapıları desteklemenin yanı sıra arılar ve diğer tozlayıcılar için insan eliyle oluşturulmuş yeni kaynaklar yaratmaktadır. Ancak kentsel alanlarda kullanılan peyzaj bitkilerinin polinasyon potansiyelleri üzerine çalışmalar oldukça yetersizdir. Bu bakımdan çalışma kapsamında Artvin kent merkezi örneğinde kamusal ve yarı kamusal alanları içeren 8 örnek alanda kullanılan peyzaj süs bitkilerinin bal arıları başta olmak üzere polinatörlerin bu bitkilerden faydalanabilme özellikleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan saha çalışmaları sonucunda 50 familyaya ait toplam 140 odunsu takson tespit edilmiştir. Taksonların özellikleri doğrultusunda veri grafikleri hazırlanmış ve taksonların çiçeklenme periyotları ile Artvin ili ortalama iklim değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler, arıların aktif olduğu dönem ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre taksonlardan 108’inin arıların faydalanabileceği polen, nektar ve salgı ürünlerinden en az ikisini barındırdığı ve çiçeklenme periyodu bakımından 7 aya varan bir dönemde arıların faaliyetlerini destekleyen taksonların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kentsel peyzajda kullanılan odunsu taksonların arılara kaynak oluşturma açısından önemli bir potansiyeli bulunmaktadır.
aprendizaje del dibujo técnico
Authors: González Sandoval Hilda Vidalia , Almanza Curiel Alicia , Valadez Gill Luis Rogelio , Monroy Luna Francisco Alberto
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo es un estudio de caso sobre la pertinencia de las competencias manuales en el contexto de la formación tecnológica en el Centro Universitario de Arte, Arquitectura y Diseño de la Universidad de Guadalajara (CUAAD-UDG). Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa-cualitativa, aplicada a una muestra constituida por 45 estudiantes que han experimentado la transición del desarrollo de habilidades manuales al desarrollo de habilidades digitales; su propósito fue conocer, precisamente, la opinión de este grupo de alumnos en el desarrollo de ambas competencias: manuales y digitales, utilizando como instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados mostraron una desvinculación del conocimiento previo con el conocimiento digital reciente, así como un interés por el desarrollo de ambos procedimientos. Finalmente, se propone un modelo híbrido en el que se vinculan ambas modalidades en beneficio del aprendizaje en las distintas carreras del CUAAD-UDG para la resolución de proyectos de diseño.
Fuzzy Control System for Predicting The Quality of Thermally Processed Raw Milk
Authors: Uzun Büşra , Allahverdı Novruz
Published: October 2021

Milk, which has a very important place in human nutrition, can be harmful in terms of human health when it is not produced, stored, processed, and necessary controls are performed under hygienic conditions. Even if raw milk contains a small number of bacteria, it is degraded in a very short time after the milking by the effects of microorganisms transmitted from the environment in various ways and constitutes the potential source of many pathogens that cause diseases in humans.Milk proteins contain essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be taken from the outside. The microorganism load of milk is one of the most important indicators in determining milk quality and determining the hygienic properties of milk in the process from raw milk production to consumption. Fuzzy logic, which is frequently used in the solution of problems that occur in uncertain situations such as quality assessment in recent years, is one of the artificial intelligence methods. In this study, it was aimed to develop a fuzzy logic-based decision support system aimed at predicting the deterioration of heat-treated raw milk. As the subject of this project, it was developed to determine whether the milk produced in troops, farms and cooperatives is spoiled before the milk goes from production households to businesses.
Effects of Cabozantinib on Human G292 Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Chen Longjie , Nguyen Dinh , Kaminsky Ryan , Helfer Jennifer , Dziak Rosemary
Published: October 2021

Cabozantinib (CBZ) N-(4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl) oxy) phenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide) (XL184), an inhibitor of MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2), is an agent approved for the treatment of several types of carcinoma such as medullary thyroid and renal. Recent studies are encouraging for the effectiveness of CBZ in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Because of the complex nature of the microenvironment of osteosarcoma cell sites, in order to better understand the direct effects of CBZ on osteosarcoma cells, in vitro studies were conducted with the human osteosarcoma cell line, G292. Experiments were focused on the effects of CBZ on cell metabolic activity, differentiation, and apoptosis as well as the modulation of responses to growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin like growth factor (IGF-I). The results indicate that CBZ can increase the activity of caspase 3/7 as an indicator of apoptosis as well as decrease cellular activity, measured by MTT assay and differentiation assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity. The drug partially downregulated the effects of PDGF on MTT activity and had significant inhibitory effects on the G292 cells response to IGF-I and production of VEGF. This study presents original information on responses of G292 human osteosarcoma cells to the chemotherapy agent, CBZ, and provides in vitro data consistent with the potential therapeutic effects of this agent for osteosarcoma.
Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen of Brazilian orchid seeds Miltonia flavescens Lindl.
Authors: Baudraz de Paula Jean Carlo , Ribeiro Júnior Walter Aparecido , Shimizu Gabriel Danilo , Men Gabriel Barraca , De Faria Ricardo Tadeu
Published: October 2021

Miltonia flavescens is a species vulnerable to extinction, which justifies research on preservation methods. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (LN) consists of maintaining biological material at a low-temperature (-196 °C). Thus, the aim of the experiment is to evaluate the influence of different cryoprotective solutions on cryopreservation in LN of the Brazilian orchid Miltonia flavescens seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD), with eight treatments and six replications. The treatments were composed as follows: control; immersion in LN, no cryoprotectant adding; and immersion in LN, with the addition of cryoprotectants: sucrose 0,4 mol L-1; glycerol 2 mol L-1; protection by vitrification in solution (PVS)1; PVS2; PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol, and PVS3. Except for the control treatment, which was kept in a freezer (10±2 °C), the others remained frozen for 15 days. After this period, the viability of the seeds was evaluated. These seeds were sown and, 30 days after germination, then the frequency of protocorm formation was verified. Before the cryopreservation, the seeds showed 75% viability and 9.5% water content. After cryopreservation, the seeds varied between 67 to 75% viability. However, treatment with glycerol 2 mol L-1 exhibited lower performance than the others (58%). The control treatment showed a higher percentage of protocorm formation (71%) followed by treatments PVS1 (63%), PVS2 (64%), and PVS2PHLO (66%). For the purpose of preserving Miltonia flavescens seeds in liquid nitrogen for a prolonged period, the treatments PVS1, PVS2, and PVS2PHLO proved to be viable and promising alternatives.
Damage levels of sunburn in pineapple fruits submitted to natural and artificial protection
Authors: Dos Santos Nádia Souza , Arcanjo Alves José Maria , Pereira Uchôa Sandra Catia , Oliveira da Silva Deyse Cristina , Barreto Glauber Ferreira , Oliveira da Silva Thais Cristina , Evangelista dos Anjos Arthur José
Published: October 2021

Pineapple sunburn (SB) occurs mostly in regions with a high incidence of sunlight and temperature, causing damage to the fruits and financial losses for the producer. The objective of this study was to evaluate natural and artificial protection in the reduction of physical and physiological damage in pineapple, submitted to high temperature and sunlight. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with seven treatments: single planting of pineapple (cv. Pérola), with and without the protection of fruits with woven fabrics (TNT) and intercropping with cassava (cv. Amazonas) in different spacing in the row (0.40; 0. 60; 0.80; 1.00; and1.20 m), and three replications. For the study, a scale of damage level (DL) to the pineapple by SB was established, ranging from 0 to 4 (DL0 - 4). Chlorophyll content, mass of fruits and crown, percentage of fruits with SB, and commercial fruits were evaluated. The TNT uses showed maximum protection for the fruits, being all suitable for fresh consumption no damage (DL0). In intercropping, the spacing of 0.80 and 1.20 m is indicated to maximize fruit production and protection. The absence of fruit protection caused damage up to N4, with fruits strictly suitable for industry (70%) and disposal (13%). In an environment with high temperature and irradiation, the adoption of fruit protection is necessary. The planning of floral induction allows the fruiting to not coincide with the critical period of high solar incidence and temperature and can avoid the use of protection strategies. The intercropping of pineapple and cassava protects pineapple fruits against sunburn; moreover, its use does not leave inorganic residues in the environment; therefore, it is strongly recommended as a strategy to reduce sunburn in pineapple fruits.
Availability and fractionation of phosphorus in soils with different physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Pereira Djalma Silva , Da Costa Liovando Marciano , Do Carmo Davi Lopes , Rocha Ana Caroline Teixeira
Published: October 2021

The total content of phosphorus (P) within soil does not reflect its availability for plants, the available form depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. The aim was to evaluate the availability of P, using Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors, and to determine the different forms of inorganic P in different classes of soils. Samples from horizon A of five soil classes from the municipality of Lagoa Formosa, Minas Gerais, were used: Typical Dystrophic Litholytic Entisol (RLd), Typical Dystrophic Red Oxisol (LVd), Typical Dystrophic Tb Hapludox Inceptisol (CXbd), Typical Acriferic Red Oxisol (LVwf), and Typical Chernossolic Litholytic Entisol (RLm). The levels of available P, remaining P, and total P were determined. From the fractionation of inorganic P, it was determined: soluble P (“P-H2O”), P bonded to aluminum (P-Al), P bonded to iron (P-Fe), and P bonded to calcium (P-Ca). The Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors had a high correlation coefficient, indicating that both methods could be used to extract available P from the soil. Mehlich-1 extracted more available P in the soil with a high calcium content (RLm). High levels of total P observed in LVwf and RLm were mainly due to the parent material of the soils. P-Fe and P-Al are the predominant inorganic P fractions in the most weathered (RLd, LVd, and LVwf) and acidic soils (Cxbd). In RLm, the inorganic P is predominantly P-Ca.
Selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in cassava on the floodplain of the Solimões river
Authors: Antoniol Fontes José Roberto , Oliveira Inocencio Junior , Morais Ronaldo Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

Cassava is grown on the floodplains of the Solimões river and guarantees food security and income for farmers. However, negative interference of weeds can result in a significant yield loss in the crop. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides and efficiency of chemical weed control in the cassava ‘Aipim-manteiga’ cultivar, in the floodplain of the Solimões river, in Iranduba, Amazonas. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications. The herbicides evaluated were clomazone (1080 g ha-1), diuron (1750 and 2500 g ha-1) and oxadiazon (400 and 800 g ha-1), applied alone or with hoeing 90 days after planting (DAP). Two control treatments were included: weeding (hoeing) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP and with no weed control. Clomazone caused mild toxicity in the plants, while with diuron and oxadiazon toxicity was moderate; all three were considered safe for the crop. The plant population of the crop was not affected by the herbicides. Clomazone afforded effective weed control up to 45 DAP only, and weeding was necessary at 90 DAP to eliminate negative interference by the weeds on crop yield. Diuron and oxadiazon were effective in controlling weeds throughout the crop cycle of the cassava. Weed interference during the crop life cicle reduced yield by 83.8%.
Propagation of ora-pro-nobis (Cactaceae) from cuttings at different concentrations of IBA
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Walter Aparecido , De Paula Jean Carlo Baudraz , Soares Vinicius Rezende , Stulzer Gianne Caroline Guidoni , Rosalem Isadora Bonfante , De Faria Ricardo Tadeu
Published: October 2021

Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) is an unconventional food plant, where asexual propagation via cuttings and the use of plant regulators is seen as an alternative in seedling production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of Pereskia aculeata Mill. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomised design, using cuttings of ora-pro-nobis at doses of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1 IBA in talc. Five treatments were used, with four replications, each comprising 10 cuttings. After 60 days, the following were evaluated: rate of cutting survival (SUR), number of shoots (NS), number of leaves (NL), mean shoot length (MSL), stem diameter (SD), length of the largest root (LRL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), and root dry weight (RDW). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis. SD, SDW and NL were significantly affected by the IBA dose. The values for stem diameter and dry weight as a function of the dose were adjusted to the quadratic model, with the maximum dose estimated at 1.5 g L-1, to give an SD of 6 mm and an SDW of 1.68 g. Number of leaves showed an inverse quadratic adjustment. The doses of IBA used in the semi-hardwood cuttings of Pereskia aculeata Mill. are not a condition of rooting. Stem diameter and shoot dry weight are dependent on the action of IBA, with the maximum response at an approximate dose of 1.5 g L-1.
Initial growth of zucchini irrigated with saline water in soil with biofertilizers
Authors: Canjá Juvenaldo Florentino , Azevedo Josimar De , Gomes de Sousa Geocleber , Magalhães Clarissa Lima , De Araújo Viana Thales Vinícius
Published: October 2021

Zucchini culture is slightly sensitive to salinity and is among the ten vegetables of highest economic value, with characteristics of precocity and easy cultivation. These characteristics are some of the reasons for the expansion of its cultivation among small producers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity in the irrigation water and biofertilizer types on the initial growth of the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) culture. The experiment was carried out in the full sunlight in a randomized block design, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of a combination of five types of biofertilizers (quail, sheep, mixed, bovine, and crab) and two salinity levels of the irrigation water (0.8 and 2.5 dS m-1), with five replicates. At 30 days after transplanting, the following variables were evaluated: electrical conductivity of the substrate, plant height, number of leaves, roots length, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry mass of the aerial part, root dry mass, and total dry mass. Salt stress negatively interferes with the accumulation of zucchini plant biomass. Quail, bovine, and sheep biofertilizers are more efficient about plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The sheep biofertilizer attenuates the salt stress for the dry mass of the aerial part, the root, and the total dry mass.
Análise do comportamento anômalo da precipitação pluvial em Aracaju-SE, entre 1961 e 2019
Authors: Aquino Davi Santiago
Published: October 2021

O regime de chuvas afeta sensivelmente o balanço hídrico numa bacia hidrográfica, pois a precipitação pluvial é o principal aporte de água desse sistema. Tendências anômalas de precipitação podem alterar os usos múltiplos de recursos hídricos e as obras de engenharia correlatas. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar o comportamento anômalo das chuvas em Aracaju-SE, entre janeiro de 1961 e dezembro de 2019, por intermédio do cálculo do índice de anomalia de chuva, que retorna valores adimensionais negativos para períodos de seca e positivos para períodos úmidos. Após descarte de anos com falhas, foram calculados e analisados 46 valores anuais desse índice, dos quais 30 apresentaram valores negativos, correspondendo a anos com baixa pluviometria. Nos 27 anos mais recentes analisados, entre 1993 e 2019, verificou-se a presença de anomalias negativas em 21 deles, o que indica a tendência de diminuição da precipitação na área de estudo. A menor incidência de chuvas pode causar decréscimo da disponibilidade quantitativa de recursos hídricos na região e criar conflitos pelos usos múltiplos de água. Políticas públicas locais de uso e ocupação do solo e de gestão de recursos hídricos precisam ser intensificadas para controlar os fatores antrópicos que implicam alteração dos processos hidrológicos.
Análises dos efeitos da interação solo-estrutura em edifícios altos com lajes protendidas
Authors: Alves Elcio Cassimiro , Fiorotti Kamila Madeira , Carvalho Júnior Marcos Oliveira
Published: October 2021

A interação solo-estrutura (ISE) busca analisar a estrutura como uma só, ou seja, sua análise deixa de ser separada para infraestrutura e para superestrutura e passa a ser uma verificação da influência de ambas as partes funcionando simultaneamente. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e comparar o cálculo de uma edificação com lajes protendidas pelo método tradicional com o cálculo utilizando a ISE em fundações superficiais. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo da melhor distribuição dos cabos na laje de modo a determinar a melhor distribuição quando utilizada a interação solo estrutura. Para a análise, utilizou-se o software CAD/TQS para comparar o parâmetro gz, o parâmetro de instabilidade a e os deslocamentos horizontais globais das estruturas. De forma a obter uma sensibilidade real no projeto, avaliou-se também uma redistribuição das cargas na fundação nos dois processos. Os resultados dessa comparação mostraram que o emprego da ISE piora os parâmetros de estabilidade, ou seja, deixa de atender os limites impostos pela norma NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014).
Investigação das limitações de deflexão vertical em pontes pênseis
Authors: Nicoletti Renato Silva , Rossi Alexandre , Bolandim Emerson Alexandro , Souza Alex Sander Clemente de , Martins Carlos Humberto
Published: October 2021

Na concepção de pontes e viadutos, o sistema pênsil apresenta diversas vantagens, entre elas a viabilidade técnico-econômica para grandes vãos, fatores estéticos e flexibilidade na geometria. Entretanto, são poucos os códigos normativos específicos para pontes pênseis e, entre esses e os códigos genéricos de pontes, nota-se uma grande discrepância com relação aos limites de deflexão. O presente trabalho apresenta e discute as limitações de flecha recomendadas pelas principais normas e também pela literatura. Além disso, investiga-se a influência da geometria no limite de deflexão vertical de pontes pênseis. Com esse intuito, foram analisadas 14 pontes, variando o comprimento do vão, a largura do tabuleiro e a altura do mastro. Na revisão realizada, verificou-se uma tendência da literatura para o desenvolvimento de métodos e critérios mais coerentes para o controle da deflexão, da vibração e dos demais efeitos dinâmicos. Por sua vez, nas análises, averiguou-se que a prática de limitar a deflexão vertical com base em apenas um quociente envolvendo o vão pode não ser precisa e eficiente, pois verificou-se a influência de outros parâmetros que afetam a deflexão vertical e as vibrações na estrutura, como a largura do tabuleiro e a altura do mastro. Logo, estudos que visem fundamentar os critérios para limitações de flechas e o dimensionamento de pontes perante os estados limites de serviço são muito importantes, uma vez que soluções simplistas podem tornar a estrutura inviável economicamente ou tecnicamente.
Diagnóstico ambiental e recomendações para recuperação de área degradada em Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Pimenta Jéssica Maia Alves , Santos Ana Luiza Rati dos , Vera Damaris Elias , Deknes Luzia Barcelos , Woiciechowski Thiago
Published: October 2021

O aumento gradativo de impactos no meio ambiente, decorrentes da exploração não planejada de recursos naturais, acarreta modificações intensas e até mesmo irreversíveis. O município de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) se torna propenso a processos de degradação devido a determinados fatores abióticos, principalmente à tipologia de solos e ao relevo, como também em virtude de ações antrópicas como a urbanização e a pecuária, principal atividade econômica da região. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico ambiental de uma área degradada no município de Aquidauana, com a finalidade de propor um plano de recuperação da área. Para a elaboração do diagnóstico, foi realizado um levantamento do histórico da degradação ambiental e estado atual da área, por meio de caracterizações do meio físico e biótico, especialmente do solo e relevo, além de avaliação da qualidade da água e análises fitossociológicas. Mesmo com apontamentos positivos do diagnóstico ambiental, fatores históricos da área, assim como outros relacionados à textura e ao relevo, propiciaram elevadas perdas de solo na área de estudo, formando voçorocas e prejudicando nascentes. Portanto, ações imediatas propostas para a recuperação da área devem ser implantadas a fim de se minimizar a degradação ambiental em decorrência da exploração inadequada dos recursos naturais.
Respiração edáfica em diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo em um Brejo de Altitude no Agreste Paraibano
Authors: Araújo Moisés Bittar de , Barbosa Alex Da Silva , Melo Thiago De Sousa , Souza Vênia Camelo de , Silva João Henrique Constantino Sales
Published: October 2021

As flutuações de dióxido de carbono (CO2) na interface solo-atmosfera incide a necessidade de ensejar determinada atenção aos elementos que influenciam suas elevações, como o uso da terra, sistemas de cultivo e manejo do solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a produção de CO2 em diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo nos períodos diurno e noturno, bem como verificar a evolução sazonal do CO2. O estudo foi conduzido durante um período de 12 meses em quatro sistemas de uso da terra, sendo eles: Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF), Remanescente Florestal, Mandala Agrícola e Pastagem. A atividade microbiana foi estimada pela quantificação do dióxido de carbono (CO2) liberado no processo de respiração edáfica e capturado por solução de hidróxido de potássio (KOH). O estudo decorreu em parcelas subdivididas com nove repetições, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, de modo que tais parcelas representam os diferentes sistemas e as subparcelas consistem nos períodos (diurno e noturno). Os sistemas de uso da terra e seus respectivos manejos interferem diretamente sobre a atividade microbiana, sendo constatada maior emissão de CO2 na seguinte ordem decrescente: SAF > Mandala > Pastagem > Floresta. A produção média diária de CO2 no período noturno foi maior quando comparada ao período diurno. As oscilações da evolução temporal de CO2 foram influenciadas pelas variações sazonais ao longo dos doze meses de avaliação.
Redução do deslocamento vertical em vigas de madeira maciça através da protensão com cabos de aço
Authors: Pessi Sarah Lodeti , Wanderlind Augusto , Antunes Elaine Guglielmi Pavei , Godinho Daiane Dos Santos da Silva , Vito Marcio
Published: October 2021

A madeira é um material usual e versátil. No entanto, sua limitação está aliada à sua deformação, devido ao módulo de elasticidade ser inferior quando comparada a outros materiais, como aço e concreto. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é diminuir o deslocamento vertical através da protensão com cabos de aço. A pesquisa foi realizada com seis vigas de madeira maciça, três vigas foram protendidas e as outras três utilizadas como referência. As seis amostras foram submetidas a ensaios de umidade, densidade básica e flexão estática a quatro pontos. A protensão foi realizada com cabos de aço unidos a barras roscadas a partir do rosqueamento de porcas. Os ensaios demonstraram uma umidade média de 59,35%, indicando se tratar de uma madeira em estado verde, e densidade básica de 747,55 kg m-3. O resultado médio de carga obtido no ensaio de flexão a quatro pontos das vigas protendidas demonstraram acréscimo em relação às vigas referências de 8,36%, para o limite de deslocamento em 10 mm, 6,47% para a deflexão de 8 mm e 2,73% na ruptura. Além disso, o estudo mostrou aumento da ductilidade devido a uma maior deformação na carga última das vigas protendidas em comparação às vigas referências em 26,96%.
Critérios normativos para dimensionamento de ligações por parafusos passantes: avaliação experimental de protótipos
Authors: Dias Antonio Alves , Trevisan João Vitor Kochinski , Johanns Felipe Penazzo
Published: October 2021

A revisão da norma brasileira norma NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) está em fase final e foram feitas alterações significativas nos critérios de dimensionamento de ligações. No caso de parafusos passantes submetidos a corte duplo para forças aplicadas na direção paralela às fibras, nota-se um aumento da resistência obtida a partir dos critérios de dimensionamento propostos, baseados na norma europeia EUROCODE 5 (CEN, 2004). O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar resultados experimentais com os calculados pelos critérios das duas versões da norma. Nos testes, foram utilizadas duas espécies: Roxinho (Peltogyne spp.) e Marupá (Simarouba amara Aubl.), escolhidas por terem alta e baixa densidade, respectivamente. Os parafusos foram obtidos de barras de aço SAE 1020 com diâmetros de 10 mm e 16 mm. Os testes foram feitos em corpos de prova com 4 parafusos em corte duplo, força aplicada na direção paralela às fibras, seguindo as recomendações do projeto de norma ABNT PN02:126.10-001-4 (ABNT, 2020). Para cada espécie de madeira e diâmetro de parafuso foram feitos 12 testes (48 no total), metade sem porcas e arruelas. Os valores calculados pelos critérios da proposta de revisão tiveram melhor concordância com os resultados experimentais do que os obtidos pela norma vigente.
Soldagem das madeiras de pinus e de itaúba por fricção rotativa
Authors: Viana Ana Carolina Costa , Moraes Poliana Dias de , Weingaertner Walter Lindolfo , Zaniboni Pedro Antonio Neves , Prando Thaison
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho são apresentadas as características e a resistência ao cisalhamento das interfaces soldadas por fricção rotativa (SFR) de cavilhas de madeira de itaúba em substratos de madeira de pinus. Os corpos de prova são compostos por cavilhas de itaúba e substratos de pinus, nos quais foram usinados pré-furos usando duas relações de diâmetro cavilha/pré-furo: 1,25 e 1,11. Após a SFR, as uniões soldadas foram submetidas a ensaios mecânicos de extração das cavilhas, a fim de se determinar a tensão de cisalhamento na ruptura. A macro e a microestrutura da interface soldada foram avaliadas visualmente e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados mostram que: a tensão de cisalhamento média na ruptura, para as relações diâmetro cavilha/pré-furo de 1,25 e 1,11, são de 2,41 e 1,77 MPa, respectivamente, indicando que, para as madeiras estudadas, a relação diâmetro cavilha/pré-furo de 1,25 apresenta ligações soldadas mais resistentes; a SFR ocasiona o escurecimento da interface de soldagem; o pré-furo e a cavilha, originalmente cilíndricos, assumem um formato cônico, durante o processo de SFR; a interface entre as madeiras de pinus e de itaúba é homogênea e bem soldada.
Perfil socioeconômico de agricultores familiares no Baixo Amazonas: um estudo na feira municipal de Alenquer, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Soares Francisco Igo Leite , Vieira Thiago Almeida , Machado Victoria Miranda , Mota Franciele Dos Santos , Silva Glauce Vitor da
Published: October 2021

A Agricultura Familiar (AF) no Brasil é a principal categoria social responsável pelo abastecimento de alimentos para a população, sobretudo nas pequenas e médias cidades. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo busca identificar o perfil socioeconômico de agricultores familiares no Baixo Amazonas, considerando como recorte os agricultores familiares no município de Alenquer, estado do Pará, Brasil, que comercializam seus produtos na Feira do Produtor Rural. Foi realizado um estudo de caso quali-quantitativo, com aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada a 14 agricultores e/ou comerciantes. Para triangular as informações obtidas e se analisarem os dados, tomaram-se como parâmetro os resultados apresentados pelo Censo Agropecuário de 2017. Assim, verificou-se que 21,4% dos respondentes possuem propriedades menores que 1 hectare; 50% possuem de 2 a 3 integrantes da família envolvidos diretamente nas atividades agrícolas; e a população jovem tem migrado para as grandes cidades em busca de alternativas de trabalho. Além disso, os ganhos obtidos por meio da agricultura familiar constituem complemento da renda dessas famílias, já que estas, em sua maioria, são beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família e/ou recebem aposentadoria. Ademais, os rendimentos não chegam a um salário mínimo.