bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disclosing Environmental Ligands of hL-FABP and PPARγ: Should We Re-evaluate the Chemical Safety of Hydrocarbon Surfactants?
Authors: Gong Yufeng , Yang Diwen , Liu Jiabao , Barrett Holly , Sun Jianxian , Peng Hui
Published: September 2022

Environmental obesogens can cause adverse health effects through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor γ (PPARγ). However, only a small portion of PPARγ ligands in the environment have been discovered to date, due to the co-occurrence of thousands of compounds. In this study, protein Affinity Purification with Nontargeted Analysis (APNA) was employed to identify ligands of human liver fatty acid binding protein (hL-FABP) and PPARγ in indoor dust and sewage sludge. A total of 84 features were “pulled out” by His-tagged hL-FABP as putative ligands, among which 13 were assigned as fatty acids and hydrocarbon surfactants. The binding of hydrocarbon surfactants to hL-FABP/PPARγ was confirmed using both recombinant proteins and reporter cells. These hydrocarbon surfactants, along with >50 homologues and isomers, were detected in dust and sludge at high concentrations. Fatty acids and hydrocarbon surfactants explained the majority of hL-FABP (57.7 ± 32.9%) and PPARγ (66.0 ± 27.1%) activities in the sludge. Notably, hydrocarbon surfactants contributed to PPARγ activities at comparable or even higher levels than fatty acids, with alkylbenzene sulfonates being the predominant PPARγ ligands in sludge. This study revealed hydrocarbon surfactants as the predominant synthetic ligands of hL-FABP/PPARγ, highlighting the importance of re-evaluating their chemical safety as putative obesogens.
Joint Optimization of Sum and Difference Patterns with a Common Weight Vector Using the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Jafar Ramadhan , Aljaf Duaa Alyas
Published: September 2022

A monopulse searching and tracking radar antenna array with a large number of radiating elements requires a simple and efficient design of the feeding network. In this paper, an effective and versatile method for jointly optimizing the sum and difference patterns using the genetic algorithm is proposed. Moreover, the array feeding network is simplified by attaching a single common weight to each of its elements. The optimal sum pattern with the desired constraints is first generated by independently optimizing amplitude weights of the array elements. The suboptimal difference pattern is then obtained by introducing a phase displacement π to half of the array elements under the condition of sharing some sided elements weights of the sum mode. The sharing percentage is controlled by the designer, such that the best performance can be met. The remaining uncommon weights of the difference mode represent the number of degrees of freedom which create a compromise difference pattern. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in generating the optimal sum and suboptimal difference patterns characterized by independently, partially, and even fully common weight vectors.
An Extended Version of the Proportional Adaptive Algorithm Based on Kernel Methods for Channel Identification with Binary Measurements
Authors: Fateh Rachid , Darif Anouar , Safi Said
Published: September 2022

In recent years, kernel methods have provided an important alternative solution, as they offer a simple way of expanding linear algorithms to cover the non-linear mode as well. In this paper, we propose a novel recursive kernel approach allowing to identify the finite impulse response (FIR) in non-linear systems, with binary value output observations. This approach employs a kernel function to perform implicit data mapping. The transformation is performed by changing the basis of the data In a high-dimensional feature space in which the relations between the different variables become linearized. To assess the performance of the proposed approach, we have compared it with two other algorithms, such as proportionate normalized least-meansquare (PNLMS) and improved PNLMS (IPNLMS). For this purpose, we used three measurable frequency-selective fading radio channels, known as the broadband radio access Network (BRAN C, BRAN D, and BRAN E), which are standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and one theoretical frequency selective channel, known as the Macchi’s channel. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm offers better results, even in high noise environments, and generates a lower mean square error (MSE) compared with PNLMS and IPNLMS.
Primeros registros del mirlo dorso rufo (Turdus rufopalliatus) en San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Romero Aguila Edgar , Chapa Vargas Leonardo
Published: September 2022

Reportamos varios registros y la captura de un mirlo dorso rufo (Turdus rufopalliatus) en un parque urbano de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México. Todas las observaciones y la captura ocurrieron entre junio de 2003 y junio de 2005. Nuestros avistamientos constituyen los primeros registros documentados del mirlo dorso rufo en el estado de San Luis Potosí.
Crecimiento de polluelos y desarrollo del plumaje del colibrí barba negra (Archilochus alexandri)en el sureste de Arizona
Authors: Greeney Harold F. , Hough Eric R. , Hamilton Chris E. , Wethington Susan M.
Published: September 2022

Estudiamos el desarrollo del plumaje y crecimiento de los polluelos del colibrí barba negra (Archilochus alexandri) en el sureste de Arizona, EUA. Los polluelos vuelan después de 20-22 días de haber eclosionado y llegan a un peso máximo de 4.16 g antes de comenzar a volar; lo que representa aproximadamente el 126% del peso de los adultos. Los polluelos nacen con 11 pares de neossoptiles de color café claro, organizados en dos hileras dorsales. Las plumas del cuerpo comienzan a emerger de la piel a los 6 días de edad. Las plumas de las alas comienzan a emerger alrededor de los 12 días, y las plumas del cuerpo comienzan a emerger alrededor de los 9 días de edad. Aquí presentamos una guía fotográfica que será útil para estimar la edad de los polluelos en campo, con base en el desarrollo de las plumas, así como los primeros registros publicados de las tasas crecimiento de esta especie.
Registro del mirlo pinto (Ridgwayia pinicola) para el estado de Nuevo León, México
Authors: Monroy Ojeda Alan , Sánchez Morales Nahum Eryán
Published: September 2022

Se reporta el segundo registro formal del mirlo pinto (Ridgwayia pinicola) en el estado de Nuevo León, México. Las observaciones fueron realizadas dentro del área propuesta por el ejido San Joaquín de Soto como zona de restauración ecológica. La nota da información sobre la fecha y localización de los individuos en el sur de Nuevo León.
A un siglo del registro del búho cara oscura (Asio stygius) en el centro de Tamaulipas y notas sobre su distribución en México y los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruíz Erick Rubén , Herrera-Herrera José Rafael
Published: September 2022

Se reporta un registro reciente de Asio stygius en un área urbana de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, del 25 de junio de 2007. Este hallazgo representa el registro más reciente de la especie para el noreste de México desde 1911 y proporciona información sobre su uso de hábitat. Además, se adiciona información sobre su distribución en México y Estados Unidos.
Registro del tecolote afilador (Aegolius acadicus) en las montañas y valles del occidente de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Lavariega Mario C. , Regalado Natalia Martín , Rodríguez Pérez Ciro , Gómez Ugalde Rosa María
Published: September 2022

Capturamos un adulto del tecolote afilador (Aegolius acadicus) en una red de niebla en San Pedro Totomachapam, municipio de Zimatlán de Álvarez, Oaxaca, en diciembre de 2010. La documentación fotográfica representa el primer registro de la especie en la subprovincia fisiográfica Montañas y Valles del Occidente de Oaxaca y extiende el área de distribución de esta especie por 60 km al sur de la localidad de distribución más cercana. La continuidad de los bosques de pino-encino en esta región, el principal tipo de vegetación del hábitat del tecolote afilador, sugiere que esta rara especie puede mantener poblaciones más al sur de donde lo señalan los mapas de distribución conocidos.
Información adicional sobre la avifauna de Hidalgo, México
Authors: Valencia-Herverth Raúl , Valencia-Herverth Jorge , Padilla Calderón Raúl , Olivares Nochebuena Moisés , Hernández Hernández René , Olivares Nochebuena Melchor
Published: September 2022

Reportamos cinco especies de aves no registradas previamente en el estado de Hidalgo: gavilán zancón (Geranospiza caerulescens), gallineta morada (Porphyrio martinica), tucán pico canoa(Ramphastos sulfuratus), titira pico negro (Tityra inquisitor) y tordo arrocero (Dolichonyx oryzivorus).Ratificamos la presencia de la anhinga americana (Anhinga anhinga), del hormiguero-cholino escamoso(Grallaria guatimalensis) y del mirlo-acuático norteamericano (Cinclus mexicanus), que sólo contaban con un registro para Hidalgo.
Registros del estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) en la ciudad de Pachuca, Hidalgo y evidencias de actividad reproductiva
Authors: Gómez Aíza Laura , Zuria  Iriana
Published: September 2022

Reportamos avistamientos recientes del estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris), una especie de ave invasora, en la ciudad de Pachuca, Hidalgo. Durante 340 horas de observación a las flores del maguey pulquero, Agave salmiana, realizadas en cuatro años (2006, 2007, 2009 y 2010), registramos 502 visitas del estornino pinto. El número de visitas se incrementó en los últimos dos años y en el 2010 observamos conductas de cortejo y registramos visitas de individuos juveniles. Esta información sugiere que el estornino pinto se está estableciendo en la ciudad.
The Color Scheme of the Russian Titular Coats of Arms of the 17th – Early 18th Century
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pchelov Evgeniy V.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the color scheme of the Russian titular coats of arms of the 17th – early 18th century. Until late 17th century, the color scheme of coats of arms did not matter, since the emblems of the titular objects themselves were depicted on seals, for which they were created. However, by the end of the 17th century, these emblems began to acquire increasingly heraldic appearance. An important stage on this path was creation of the “Titulyarnik” in 1672. In this book, the titular coats of arms were presented in color, but this colorization was not of heraldic nature. Only two coats of arms borrowed from Western European heraldry had a coat of arms coloring. Otherwise, the coats of arms of the “Titulyarnik” looked more like color illustrations than coats of arms in the truest sense of the word. The color of the coats of arms on the golden plate of Alexei Mikhailovich made by master Y. Frobos in 1675 was equally conditional. Here the color scheme of the coats of arms performed functions of symmetry in the overall pictorial composition. On the charters of the turn of the 18th century, titular coats of arms were drawn following the model of the “Titulyarnik.” However, at the turn 1710s, the colorization of the titular coats of arms appeared on the charters (although the previous tradition also persisted for some time). The description of coats of arms in color was first presented in Russian in “The Core of Russian History” written in mid-1710s in Sweden. The authorship of this book remains debatable. The description of the coats of arms from “The Core of Russian History” finds almost exact analogies in the images of coats of arms on charters starting from 1710, and also repeats the coloring from the corrected drawings of I.-G. Korb, published together with descriptions of the titular coats of arms in the German publications in 1708 and 1710. Apparently, the colorization of the titular coats of arms was associated with the provincial and military reforms of Peter the Great. It is significant that azur became the main heraldic color for the shields of the titular coats of arms. Gueles did not occupy a dominant position. In general, the color scheme of the coats of arms of the Peter the Great era may have been influenced by the creation of the color scheme of Russian flags. Later, the color scheme of a number of titular coats of arms changed significantly. Such changes, in particular, were recorded in the “Armorial of banners” (Znamyonnyi Gerbovnik) of 1729. They were associated with closer compliance with the formal rules of Western European heraldry. Thus, the colorization of Russian titular heraldry fell in the context of its gradual transformation from seals and emblems to coats of arms and largely determined this process.
Historical Overview of Volunteer Practices in the Health Care System in the 1920s–70s: Materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow
Authors:   G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorlova Natalya I.
Published: September 2022

Turning to archival materials continues the Russian archivists’ tradition, developed in the recent decades, to introduce into scientific use documents of key importance for understanding the Soviet history and its episodes, including those related to socially significant activities of voluntary activists in the field of healthcare under the auspices of the Union of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR. The chronological frameworks of the undertaken research is 1920–70s. The author aims to review documentary sources that reflect the activities of the Society's activists acting on voluntary and gratuitous basis. The work actualizes the problem of evolution of the sectorial sphere of volunteer labor application from historical point of view. In its activities during the studied period, the Society used traditional organizational forms and sought out new ones for social mobilization of the population's participation in gratuitous donor movement and its promotion, sanitary improvement of cities and villages, improvement and popularization of sanitary culture at work and home, public sanitary control, preventive measures and combating the spread of infectious diseases, etc. The empirical base of the study is formed by materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow. The body of sources on the subject analyzed by the author is distinguished by its diversity (minutes of meetings of the executive committee plenums, operational meetings, transcripts, certificates, annual reports on core activities, etc.); it permits to highlight the diverse activities, forms and methods of the Society's activists’ work, as well as to trace the process of institutionalization of the profile direction in the national volunteer movement in the field of healthcare. The author has introduced unique archival documents into scientific use. The methodological basis of the work is principle of historicism, systematic nature of scientific analysis, objectivity, integrated use of a wide range of sources, which has made it possible to consider the volunteer practices of socially significant activity in the healthcare system in the process of its formation and development, in the context of historical conditionality and continuity of its development. The article takes on particular importance in connection with systematic development and popularization of medical volunteering in modern Russia, which takes into account the rich historical experience and heritage of the USSR.
Autobiography of Yuri Knorozov: Evolution of the Document in the Researcher’s Personal File
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dolgova Evgeniya A.
Published: September 2022

The publication characterizes autobiographies of the historian, ethnographer, linguist, “father” of the Russian school of Mayanism Yuri Valentinovich Knorozov (1922–99), that have been identified in the fonds of various institutions and departments: (State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), Scientific Archive of the Russian Ethnographic Museum (REM), Scientific Archive of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MAE RAN). Autobiography is a “free” author's presentation (with fixed semantic accents, sometimes duplicating the data of personnel sheet) and a mandatory formal element of Soviet personnel management. The text of the autobiography was influenced by the document’s purpose: individual facts unfit for socially and ideologically correct biography were “hushed up” or otherwise carefully explained by the author. Drawing on Yu. V. Knorozov’s autobiographies written in different years and for different reasons (admission to graduate school, employment, dissertation defense, promotion to honorary titles), the article assesses how explanatory statements were changing textually. “Corrections” are considered using the example of specific facts: during the Great Patriotic War (from 1941 to February 1943), Yuri Knorozov, a student of the Kharkiv Pedagogical University, unfit for military service for health reasons, was in the territory occupied by the enemy. The article is accompanied by the publication of a detailed autobiography of Yuri Knorozov (1981) compiled on the occasion of his nomination as corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in “General history” (ethnography). The autobiography text contains information on most important facts of Yuri Knorozov’s scientific biography, including his expeditions (field research), reports at foreign scientific events and participation in international scientific associations. The author concludes that it is more important to analyze not the content of the autobiography, but the socio-political circumstances and practices that determined its semantic framework.
A New Document on the Porto Franco Regime in the Crimea: 1798–99
Authors:   Fevzi Yakubov Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, Simferopol, Russian Federation, Kravchuk Alexandr S.
Published: September 2022

The article publishes the “Statute of the Taurida Governorate” (April 23, 1798) prepared by the Prosecutor general Alexei Kurakin. At the time, he and members of the Expedition of State Economy and Guardianship of Foreign and Rural Economics under the Senate (1797–1803) were working on implementation of the Paul I’s decree on introduction of the porto franco regime in the Crimea for 30 years period (February 13, 1798). The decree was prepared on the basis of numerous projects sent to the consideration of the Expedition. Paul I studied the document and postponed it “until special consideration.” Alexey Kurakin's project is interesting because it provides a fresh look at the process of introduction of the porto franco regime on the peninsula and permits to revise some well-established theses on the policy of Paul I in the Novorossiya region and the Crimea. Historians often accuse the emperor of seeking to destroy the endeavours of Catherine II. However, archival documents challenge this thesis. Paul I sought to reduce excessive and often unjustified costs of the region’s development, made attempts to develop trade and reduce bureaucracy. The statute developed by Alexey Kurakin supplemented the decree on introduction of the porto franco regime. The Taurida Governorate was to govern the new region on a collegiate basis, headed by chief supervisor and trustee. The region was directly subordinate to the Expedition and the Senate. All institutions of power existing before the introduction of porto franco were subject to dissolution. Only Sevastopol and Kerch-Yenikale did not come under the command of chief supervisor and trustee, remaining under the military department. The Statute regulated work of the judicial system: uezd courts were dissolved, magistrates were created in their stead, elected from local inhabitants. These measures were to speed up legal proceedings, especially in commercial cases. Special attention was devoted to land conflicts on the peninsula. Alexey Kurakin proposed radical measures for solving them. He planned to relocate some categories of the Crimean Tatars population from disputed areas and, thus, to settle the conflict and begin distribution of land to foreigners. The project was not implemented due to cancellation of the porto franco regime on December 21, 1799. However, this document is a valuable source on the history of the Crimea of the period. It also allows us a better understanding of the principles of the internal policy of Paul I.
Czechoslovak National Council (Branch for Russia) and Its Activities during Revolutionary Events of 1917 and the Civil War
Authors:   Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation, Demidova Elena I. , Vasilchenko Maxim A. ,   Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy,” Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2022

The study of the Czechoslovak national movement, the activities of the Czechoslovak National Council and its branch for Russia during the revolutionary events of 1917 and the Civil War is one of the key topics for understanding the complexity of political situation in Russia, causes of the Civil War and its consequences. The article discusses the activities goals and objectives and decision-making mechanism of the Czechoslovak National Council for Russia, on the behalf of which negotiations were conducted between Soviet state bodies and the Czechoslovak corps leadership on the issue of passage of Czechoslovak echelons to their homeland. The study uses both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, inductive method, comparative method) and special ones (historical-chronological and content analysis). The use of the historical-chronological method is to correlate documentary information with general historical picture of the period, while the use of content analysis is to create a more reliable picture of the activities of the Czechoslovak National Council and its branch for Russia. The study analyzes structure of this socio-political institution, its activities to prevent the Czechoslovak military corps from being drawn into the Civil War in Russia, and reveals contradictions between civil and military participants in the Czech national movement. It is to find out what the Czech national liberation movement in Russia was and how the activities of the department for Russia of the Czechoslovak National Council changed in 1917–18. It has examined all currently published materials of the Czechoslovak National Council. The documentary information has been brought in correlation with general historical picture of the period and desire to implement the principle of sovereignty, recreating a reliable picture of the Czechs’ and Slovaks’ perception of the Russian revolutionary events. The First World War and subsequent contradictory and ambiguous political events in Russia had a direct impact on the growth of the national consciousness of the Czechs and Slovaks, strengthening their desire for state self-determination. On the patriotic upsurge, guided by ideas of Slavic unity in their fight against the forces of the Quadruple Alliance, national military formations were created in Italy, France, and Russia, that took part in the hostilities of the First World War. The authors highlight the role and measured political line of the leader of the Czechoslovak National Council, the future first president of independent Czechoslovakia, T. G. Masaryk.
“A Mold Foreign to Leninism Fetters the Forces of the Party”: A Veteran of the Ruling Party S. S. Starostin on the Problems of the USSR of Mid-1980s in a Letter Addressed to M. S. Gorbachev
Authors:   K. D. Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, Nikiforov Yury S.
Published: September 2022

The article studies public discussions concerning development of the USSR by 1985. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study various points of view existing in the Soviet society at the dawn of Perestroika. The basis of the study is classical methods of source analysis: narrative and historical-genetic. The scientific significance is due to the fact that the analytical note by S.S. Starostin on the problems of late Soviet society is being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The study fills the gap in scientific knowledge on public discussions in the USSR by mid-1980s, when the policy of Perestroika prompted both reformers and relative “conservatives” to discuss a new path of the country’s development. Of particular interest are Starostin’s ideas, which the authorities tried to implement at the final stage of Perestroika. The basis for the study is archival document found in the fond of the former chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers N. I. Ryzhkov (fond 653 of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History). In April 1985, Starostin’s note was sent to M. S. Gorbachev, who had recently assumed the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The article is to study the nostalgic view on the development of the USSR on the eve of Perestroika. It attempts to reconstruct the value system of the author of the letter. The study is based on traditional methodology of classical source studies. The analyzed document is a monument of social thought reflecting disappointment with the Brezhnev era and hopes for a new Soviet leader. It has been established that, according to his ideological views, Starostin can be called a supporter of the mobilization model of economy built on moral and political incentives. He favoured a retrospective presentation of problems in comparison with the Stalin period. The main problem of the USSR indicated in his text is political mistakes of the authorities after J. V. Stalin. Starostin harshly criticized A. N. Kosygin and departmentalism. He analyzed personnel policy and symptoms of the crisis of the Soviet society and political system of the USSR and stated moral degeneration of the Soviet elite and ordinary citizens. In his opinion, the era of Khrushchev and Brezhnev was characterized by a growth of social deviations (deceit, corruption, falsification of figures, theft, absenteeism) and bureaucracy. Starostin insisted on the need to develop institutions of direct democracy, referendums.
The History of Life and Scientific Activities of the Soviet Microbiologist Z. V. Ermolyeva in Documents from Federal Archives
Authors:   Medical University “Reaviz,” Samara, Russian Federation, Gorshenin Aleksandr V.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes unpublished sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE), the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), and the Russian State Archive in Samara (RGA v Samare) to determine the representativeness of these documents in reconstruction of the scientific biography of the Soviet microbiologist Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolieva (1898-1974). The coronavirus pandemic, which has engulfed all the humanity, has changed the vector of biomedical research subjects. In this regard, one of the important tasks of humanitarian researchers is to update historical knowledge about extreme periods. The task of studying the life and work of Soviet scientists who made a significant contribution to studying epidemic diseases and fighting them seems significant. Scarсity of publications devoted to the activities of Z. V. Ermolyeva means that an extensive layer of unpublished documents remains out of view of researchers. Source analysis, archival heuristics, and historical-comparative method permit to conduct research and to assess the informative value of different types of documents for comprehensive reconstruction of Z. V. Ermolyeva’s scientific fate. In the RGAE, a great number of documents is concentrated in the scientist’s personal fond, its analysis shows that official, scientific, and personal documents are stored there. In addition to text documents, there are photos of Zinaida Vissarionovna with her colleagues in various scientific institutions which are of great interest. Some official documents also provide personal information. In the GARF, documents on this topic are dispersed in different fonds. The fond of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, where Z. V. Ermolyeva worked, contains information on preparation of first Soviet penicillin and launch of its production. The fond of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR permits to follow the discussion of her scientific works at its Scientific Medical Council meetings. The documents of the Committee for the Assistance of Scientists under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR help to reconstruct elements of material support provided to Ermolyeva in the 1930s. Among the sources stored in the RGA in Samara, of interest are application documents for inventions, in which Zinaida Vissarionovna participated. They show the scientist as the author of inventions and scientific discoveries. The analysis demonstrates that conjunctive use of documents from federal archives showcase multifaceted activities of the well-known microbiologist.
A Publication on the Role of the Clerical Establishment in the Ruin of the Monarchy in Russia
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Baghdasaryan Vardan E. , Resnyansky Sergey I. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2022

Russian historians consider in this review the 2nd revised and enlarged edition professor Mikhail Anatolyevich Babkin’s monograph “Priesthood and Kingdom (Russia, early XX century - 1918). Research and materials.” Babkin's research relates to field of history, theology, and church law, and the authors of the review see an innovative approach in this. The said monograph opens new horizons for comprehending Russian historical transformation in 1917. It considers historical processes from the point of view of problem of “priesthood and kingdom.” The authors note significance of this problem for the history of Russia not only in the 17th century, but also in the period of revolutions in early 20th century. Considering revolutionary processes from this angle is justified and expedient. Babkin’s monograph contains research and also published documents and extended reference apparatus.The authors conclude that Babkin’s work does not close issue, although it makes the discussion of reasons for destruction of pre-revolutionary state-church relations model relevant today. They state that the author of the monograph does not hide his monarchist sympathies and considers clerical establishment of the Russian Orthodox Church one of the guilty parties in the overthrow of the monarchy. In the pre-revolutionary years, the clergy worked, in essence, for the revolution. The clergy, that was meant to sacralize imperial power, became a leading actor in its desacralization.
PERANAN PENASEHAT HUKUM DALAM PENDAMPINGAN TERSANGKA DI TINGKAT PENYIDIKAN DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 18 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG ADVOKAT (Studi Kasus Polres Kabupaten Bireuen)
Authors: Maulida Maulida , Akli Zul , Nurarafah Nurarafah
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengentahui peranan penasehat hukum dalam pendampingan penyidikan di polres Bireuen dan hambatan yang dihadapi penasehat hukum dalam pendampingan penyidikan, serta menelaah terkait upaya yang dilakukan penasehat hukum untuk mencegah terjadinya . Penasehat hukum merupakan suatu profesi yang memberikan jasa hukum, dimana berperan sebagai pendamping, pemberi pendapat hukum, atau menjadi kuasa hukum terhadap kliennya. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan sifat penelitiannya deskriptif dengan lokasi penelitian di polres Bireuen. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa peranan penasehat hukum dalam pendampingan tersangka di tingkat penyidikan berdasarkan Pasal 115 ayat (1) KUHAP yaitu dengan cara melihat serta mendengar.Hambatan yang dihadapi berbeda seperti keleluasaan yang diberikan sangat terbatas untuk ikut hadir dalam proses pemeriksaan, sering terjadi terhadap penasehat hukum, dan sering masalah yang antara penasehat hukum dan penyidik. Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan penasehat hukum yaitu dengan mengajukan gugatan ke sidang Praperadilan. dan sering terjadi hukum yang berbeda antara penasehat hukum dan penyidik. Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan penasehat hukum yaitu dengan mengajukan gugatan ke sidang Praperadilan. dan sering terjadi hukum yang berbeda antara penasehat hukum dan penyidik. Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan penasehat hukum yaitu dengan mengajukan gugatan ke sidang Praperadilan.
ANALISIS HUKUM PIDANA DAN KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENISTAAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Safrina Nurul , Yusrizal Yusrizal , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: September 2022

Blasphemy is one of the criminal acts of insulting and degrading a religion. Blasphemy comes from two words, namely blasphemy and religion, blasphemy comes from the word blasphemy which means low blasphemy. Religion also means a deliberate attack on the good name and honor of another person or a groups both orally and in writing with the aim of being known by the wider community.The purpose of the research from the perspective of criminal law is to look at the concept of accountability for criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia and the protection of religious law for someone who commits blasphemy, while from a criminological perspective to look at the arrangements for criminal liability for perpetrators of criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia and regulations Religion from the Criminal Code (KUHP). The method used in this research is Normative (Normative Legal Research). This type of research uses qualitative research. The research approach that is carried out is more aimed at the statute approach. Conceptual Approach The nature of the research in this thesis is descriptive research. The form of this research is a form of prescriptive book of criminal law. The results of this study indicate that the legal arrangement regarding the crime of blasphemy in Indonesia is regulated in Article 156 of the Criminal Code as for the contents of the article which reads: whoever publicly expresses and expresses feelings of hostility, hatred or humiliation towards one or several groups or groups of Indonesian people, threatened with a maximum imprisonment of five years or a maximum fine of four thousand five hundred rupiah. The word group or group in this article is interpreted as part of the Indonesian people who have differences both in terms of religion, place and country, race, descent, nationality or position according to article 156 of the Criminal Code. It is recommended that legal arrangements regarding criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia need to be perfected by adding articles that are able to answer all the needs of the community, both in the Criminal Code and the Law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Menggugat Keilmuan Ilmu Hukum: Telaah Ilmu Hukum Dari Sudut Filsafat Ilmu
Authors: Rois Nur
Published: September 2022

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai ilmu hukum dilihat dari sisi filsafat ilmu, selama ini terdapat keraguan dalam studi ilmu hukum disebabkan oleh obyek dari ilmu hukum, apakah ilmu hukum termasuk kedalam Ilmu  ataukah hanya sekedar pengetahuan akan perundang-undangan saja. Dalam membahas mengenai keilmuan dari ilmu hukum penulis metodologi penelusuran kepustakaan ( studi kepustakaan)  dengan menggunakan pendekatan Filsafat Ilmu yaitu   Epistemologi, Ontologi dan Aksiologi karena pendekatan filsafat ilmu inilah yang akan mengungkapkan mengenai keilmuan suatu ilmu.
Therapy of Catatonia in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ivanov S. V. , Smulevich A. B. , Borisova P. O. , Piskarev M. V.
Published: September 2022

Background: the study of catatonia’s treatment methods is one of the most important researchers’ tasks, nevertheless the common therapeutic strategies of cupping the catatonic phenomena haven’t been created yet. The aim: review to therapeutic interventions for catatonic disorders in schizophrenia.Materials and methods: according to the keywords “catatonia treatment”, “catatonia therapy”, publications found in the Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLibrary databases were selected and analyzed.Results: historical background, illustrating the development of catatonia treatment methods, is given; the results of the last decades scientific studies of catatonia’s treatment and preliminary results of own study, devoted to the effectiveness of diazepam and cariprazine in relieving catatonia manifestations are presented. Based on the studies’ results, presented in the review, it can be concluded that the most common modern method of treating catatonic disorders is the use of benzodiazepines, however, in some cases, the use of antipsychotics is also advisable. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains an important treatment for catatonic phenomena. There are also isolated clinical cases of successful testing of both: other pharmacological groups (antidepressants, dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs, normothymic drugs, etc.) and non-drug interventions (transcranial magnetic stimulation — TMS) presented in modern research data.Conclusion: the effectiveness of benzodiazepines in catatonia, associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), remains controversial according to modern authors’ opinion. In turn, among antipsychotics, antipsychotics of the second and third generation seem to be safe for the treatment of psychomotor symptoms. In accordance with the results of our own study, catatonia in the structure of schizophrenia and SSD is heterogeneous and, depending on the psychopathological structure of catatonic disorders, a different reaction of psychomotor symptoms to therapeutic intervention was observed.
Features of Psychosocial Functioning of Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder: Modern Methods of Patients’ Rehabilitation
Authors: Tarkhova J. I. , Shamrey V. K. , Kurasov E. S. , Otmakhov A. P. , Kalimov A. S. , Bykova S. G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: bipolar affective disorder frequently presents residual symptoms even in interictal period, what in its turn causes problems in psychosocial functioning, cognitive impairment and poor quality of life. Nowadays, the treatment targets are focused not only on clinical remission, but also on functional recovery and in personal recovery, patients’ quality of life. Scientific review contains results of researches, aimed on therapy modalities, that can be effective in decreasing maladjustment, integration into society, prevention of social and labour deadaptation.Purpose: to present an analysis of scientific data on currently existing approaches to the restoration of the psychosocial functioning of patients suffering from bipolar disorder and evaluate their effectiveness.Materials and methods: the keywords “bipolar affective disorder”, “psychosocial intervention”, “cognitive-behavioral therapy”, “psychoeducation” were used to search scientific articles in the databases PubMed, еLibrary.Conclusion: with a view to rehabilitation were used such modalities as psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, family focused therapy. The question remains whether of these interventions are effective and should be integrated into treatment regimen of bipolar affective disorder.
Non-Medicamentous Spa Treatment of Mental Disorders
Authors: Kuzyukova A. A. , Rachin A. P. , Konchugova T. V.
Published: September 2022

Rationale: considering the high frequency of occurrence of mental disorders in the general medical network, as well as due to the not always sufficient success of biological therapy of mental diseases and not uncommon poor tolerability, it is of interest to consider non-drug methods of spa treatment of these conditions. The analysis of the literature has shown that until recently, regarding non-drug methods of correction of mental disorders, as a rule, only studies on individual methods are given without considering the entire range of possible procedures that can potentially be used for therapy, or the information provided is very formal.The purpose of this work was to consider non-drug methods of treatment of mental disorders used in the conditions of the sanatorium-resort industry and, according to modern principles of evidence-based medicine, to assess the available evidence of their effectiveness and safety; as well as new prospects for the use of well-known techniques. Materials and methods: to search for possible non-drug methods of mental disorders correction and their mechanism of action, modern guidelines for balneology treatment and medical rehabilitation, electronic databases of the RSCI and MedLine were studied, the latter also searched for publications of studies confirming the effectiveness of the studied methods, which was carried out by keywords (names of relevant methods and mental dysfunctions, such as anxiety, depression, cognitive disorders, adaptation disorders, stress states, psychosomatics); the levels of evidence of effectiveness and safety were evaluated according to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 56034-2014.As a result of the work carried out, the vast majority of methods of correction of mental disorders used in the sanatorium-resort area are covered. The information presented concerns not only stress-related disorders traditionally related to borderline psychiatry, but also diseases of a more severe register and cognitive impairments; depending on the etiology and clinic of mental illness, the described techniques may be applicable as the main or additional treatment methods; some of them have a high evidence-based level of effectiveness, the other seems promising for further study in terms of therapy of individual mental disorders.Conclusion: the information provided may be of interest both for the scientific and practical fields of psychiatry, when solving problems aimed at improving the effectiveness of treatment and improving the quality of life of patients with mental illnesses.
Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in Patients with Late-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Savina M. A. , Cherkasov N. S. , Sheshenin V. S. , Simonov A. N.
Published: September 2022

Background: it is believed that very-late onset (after 60 years) of schizophrenia-like psychosis is associated with the impact of neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that patients with late-onset schizophrenia and cognitive decline have more factors related to organic brain pathology.Objectives: to identify factors (clinical features of psychosis, anamnesis data and neuroimaging parameters) associated with cognitive decline in patients with late-onset schizophrenia.Patients and methods: the sample made up 28 patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of late-onset schizophrenia with illness duration 10 years and less. Patients were examined by admission and 4 weeks later using PANSS and HDRS-17, at the second time-point cognitive functions were assessed (MMSE, MoCA, FAB, TMT-A, TMT-B, 10 words and 5  gures memorization tests). Ranged scores of atrophy and vascular changes on CT/MRI were used. The control group included 24 subjects aged 45 and older without depressive and psychotic disorders. Nonparametric statistics and cluster analysis were used.Results: patients were divided into two clusters: Cluster 1 (with cognitive impairment) included 20 patients, Cluster 2 (without marked decline) — 8 patients. Patients of Cluster 1 had more negative symptoms, higher atrophic СТ-scores and leukoaraiosis on CT rate, as well as more frequent history of brain injury. Patients of Cluster 2 had more premorbid severe grief reactions. Patients of both clusters had more anxiety symptoms before manifestation of psychosis. Conclusions: cognitive decline in patients is associated with neurodegenerative factors that are not decisive pathogenesis cause of late-onset schizophrenia since numerous patients had speci c personality traits long before the psychosis onset.
Stereotypical Catatonia
Authors: Borisova P. O. , Lobanova V. M.
Published: September 2022

The aim: to study the phenomenon of stereotypical catatonia in the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia throughout the disease process; to determine the relationship between the manifestation of catatonia, negative and cognitive symptoms and to establish the prognostic manifestations characteristics of endogenous process with a predominance of stereotypical catatonia.Patients and methods: 28 patients with a verified diagnosis of schizophrenia, developing with predominance in the clinical picture the phenomena of catatonia among the hypokinesia manifestations, firstly occurring in the form of ideomotor slowness, diminishing of facial expressions with the emergence of motor symptoms and grimacing, evolving on the basis of premorbid motor features.Results and discussion: a psychopathological description of the stereotypical catatonia phenomenon, manifesting itself as a psychomotor disorder, “evolving” on the basis of the motor and pathocharacterological constitution, duplicating and amplifying the manifestations of: a) negative symptoms with the formation of a general “motor-inactive syndrome”; b) cognitive symptoms with the formation of the pseudo-bradyphrenia — is given. The course of schizophrenia (and schizophrenia spectrum disorders) with a predominance of stereotypical catatonia is different. In some cases it’s a “single episode” type of schizophrenia, in other cases the disease develops in the form of the continuous (chronic) catatonic type of schizophrenia.Patients and methods
Prevalence and Pathomorphosis of Catatonia: From XX to XXI Century
Authors: Romanov D. V.
Published: September 2022

Background: catatonia is an actual mental disorder with the controversy in prevalence data that is related to the problem of it’s conceptualization, clinical borders and pathomorphosis. Objective: to analyse publications on the problem of the catatonia prevalence decrease from the beginning of the XX century to the present day and to designate potential factors of pathomorphosis that impact on frequency, as well as on clinical presentations of catatonia.Materials and method: publications of original studies that provide catatonia prevalence data over the past 120 years.Conclusion: pathomorphosis of catatonia both due to antypsychotics and psychosocial factors has affected the prevalence, as well as the conceptualization of catatonia. There is a transition from a syndrome construct, primarily characteristic for schizophrenia, to the transnosologic paradigm. This one leads to the revision of the boundaries of catatonia and change of the diagnostic criteria.