bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteric parasites Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium hominis in domestic and wildlife animals in Ghana
Authors: Oduro Daniel , Baafi Esther , Opoku-Agyeman Philip , Adams Tryphena , Okai Akweley Abena , Bruku Selassie , Kyei Sandra , Banahene Phillip , Danso-Coffie Caleb , Boafo Emmanuel , Yeboah Rhoda , Futagbi Godfred , Duah-Quashie Nancy Odurowah
Published: May 2024

Background

Enteric parasitic infections remain a major public health problem globally. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp. and Giardia spp. are parasites that cause diarrhea in the general populations of both developed and developing countries. Information from molecular genetic studies on the speciation of these parasites and on the role of animals as vectors in disease transmission is lacking in Ghana. This study therefore investigated these diarrhea-causing parasites in humans, domestic rats and wildlife animals in Ghana using molecular tools.

Methods

Fecal samples were collected from asymptomatic school children aged 9–12 years living around the Shai Hills Resource Reserve (tourist site), from wildlife (zebras, kobs, baboons, ostriches, bush rats and bush bucks) at the same site, from warthogs at the Mole National Park (tourist site) and from rats at the Madina Market (a popular vegetable market in Accra, Ghana. The 18S rRNA gene (18S rRNA) and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60) for Cryptosporidium spp., the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) for Giardia spp. and the 18S rDNA for Cyclospora spp. were analyzed in all samples by PCR and Sanger sequencing as markers of speciation and genetic diversity.

Results

The parasite species identified in the fecal samples collected from humans and animals included the Cryptosporidium species C. hominis, C. muris, C. parvum, C. tyzzeri, C. meleagridis and C. andersoni; the Cyclopora species C. cayetanensis; and the Gardia species, G. lamblia and G. muris. For Cryptosporidium, the presence of the gp60 gene confirmed the finding of C. parvum (41%, 35/85 samples) and C. hominis (29%, 27/85 samples) in animal samples. Cyclospora cayetanensis was found in animal samples for the first time in Ghana. Only one human sample (5%, 1/20) but the majority of animal samples (58%, 51/88) had all three parasite species in the samples tested.

Conclusions

Based on these results of fecal sample testing for parasites, we conclude that animals and human share species of the three genera (Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Giardia), with the parasitic species mostly found in animals also found in human samples, and vice-versa. The presence of enteric parasites as mixed infections in asymptomatic humans and animal species indicates that they are reservoirs of infections. This is the first study to report the presence of C. cayetanensis and C. hominis in animals from Ghana. Our findings highlight the need for a detailed description of these parasites using high-throughput genetic tools to further understand these parasites and the neglected tropical diseases they cause in Ghana where such information is scanty.

Graphical Abstract
The chronic leukocyte and inflammatory cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Allsopp Giselle Larissa , Addinsall Alex Bernard , Stephenson Garth , Basheer Faiza , Gatta Paul Adrian Della , Hoffmann Samantha May , Russell Aaron Paul , Wright Craig Robert
Published: May 2024

Trial design

Older adults experience chronic dysregulation of leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines, both at rest and in response to resistance training. Systemic hypoxia modulates leukocytes and cytokines, therefore this study characterized the effects of normobaric hypoxia on the leukocyte and cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training.

Methods

20 adults aged 60–70 years performed eight weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training in either normoxia or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O2), consisting of two lower body and two upper body exercises. Venous blood was drawn before and after the training intervention and flow cytometry was used to quantify resting neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, in addition to the subsets of lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer (NK) cells). Inflammatory cytokines were also quantified; interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Acute changes in leukocytes and cytokines were also measured in the 24 h following the last training session.

Results

After the intervention there was a greater concentration of resting white blood cells (p = 0.03; 20.3% higher) T cells (p = 0.008; 25.4% higher), B cells (p = 0.004; 32.6% higher), NK cells (p = 0.012; 43.9% higher) and eosinophils (p = 0.025; 30.8% higher) in hypoxia compared to normoxia, though the cytokines were unchanged. No acute effect of hypoxia was detected in the 24 h following the last training session for any leukocyte population or inflammatory cytokine (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Hypoxic training caused higher concentrations of resting lymphocytes and eosinophils, when compared to normoxic training. Hypoxia may have an additional beneficial effect on the immunological status of older adults.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Trial number: ACTRN12623001046695. Registered 27/9/2023. Retrospectively registered. All protocols adhere to the COSORT guidelines.
Leveraging computational tools to combat malaria: assessment and development of new therapeutics
Authors: Ncube Nomagugu B. , Tukulula Matshawandile , Govender Krishna G.
Published: May 2024

As the world grapples with the relentless challenges posed by diseases like malaria, the advent of sophisticated computational tools has emerged as a beacon of hope in the quest for effective treatments. In this study we delve into the strategies behind computational tools encompassing virtual screening, molecular docking, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). We assess their effectiveness and contribution to the progress of malaria treatment. The convergence of these computational strategies, coupled with the ever-increasing power of computing systems, has ushered in a new era of drug discovery, holding immense promise for the eradication of malaria.

Scientific contribution

Computational tools remain pivotal in drug design and development. They provide a platform for researchers to explore various treatment options and save both time and money in the drug development pipeline. It is imperative to assess computational techniques and monitor their effectiveness in disease control. In this study we examine renown computational tools that have been employed in the battle against malaria, the benefits and challenges these tools have presented, and the potential they hold in the future eradication of the disease.
The suppression of HSPA8 attenuates NLRP3 ubiquitination through SKP2 to promote pyroptosis in sepsis-induced lung injury
Authors: Liu Jinlian , Song Ke , Lin Bingqi , Chen Zhenfeng , Liu Yan , Qiu Xianshuai , He Qi , Zuo Zirui , Yao Xiaodan , Huang Xiaoxia , Liu Zhuanhua , Liu Zhifeng , Huang Qiaobing , Guo Xiaohua
Published: May 2024

Background

Acute lung injury (ALI) is strongly associated with hospitalization and mortality in patients with sepsis. Recent evidence suggests that pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3(NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome activation plays a key role in sepsis. However, the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-induced lung injury remains unclear.

Results

in this study, we demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by the down-regulation of heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-treated mouse alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA)-induced HSPA8 overexpression in cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) mice could significantly reduce systemic inflammatory response and mortality, effectively protect lung function, whilst HSPA8 inhibitor VER155008 aggravated this effect. The inhibition of HSPA8 was involved in sepsis induced acute lung injury by promoting pyroptosis of AECs. The down-regulation of HSPA8 activated NLRP3 inflammasome to mediate pyroptosis by promoting the degradation of E3 ubiquitin ligase S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2). In addition, when stimulated by LPS and ATP, down-regulated SKP2 promoted pyroptosis of AECs by further attenuating ubiquitination of NLRP3. Adeno-associated virus 9-SKP2(AAV9-SKP2) could promote NLRP3 ubiquitination and degradation, alleviate lung injury and inhibit systemic inflammatory response in vivo.

Conclusion

in summary, our study shows there is strong statistical evidence that the suppression of HSPA8 mediates alveolar epithelial pyroptosis by promoting the degradation of E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 and subsequently attenuating the ubiquitination of NLRP3 to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides a new perspective and therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis-induced lung injury.
Enhancing patient healthcare with mobile edge computing and 5G: challenges and solutions for secure online health tools
Authors: Ghadi Yazeed Yasin , Shah Syed Faisal Abbas , Mazhar Tehseen , Shahzad Tariq , Ouahada Khmaies , Hamam Habib
Published: May 2024

Patient-focused healthcare applications are important to patients because they offer a range of advantages that add value and improve the overall healthcare experience. The 5G networks, along with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), can greatly transform healthcare applications, which in turn improves patient care. MEC plays an important role in the healthcare of patients by bringing computing resources to the edge of the network. It becomes part of an IoT system within healthcare that brings data closer to the core, speeds up decision-making, lowers latency, and improves the overall quality of care. While the usage of MEC and 5G networks is beneficial for healthcare purposes, there are some issues and difficulties that should be solved for the efficient introduction of this technological pair into healthcare. One of the critical issues that blockchain technology can help to overcome is the challenge faced by MEC in realizing the most potential applications involving IoT medical devices. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on IoT-based healthcare devices, which provide real-time solutions to patients, and discusses some major contributions made by MEC and 5G in the healthcare industry. The paper also discusses some of the limitations that 5G and MEC networks have in the IoT medical devices area, especially in the field of decentralized computing solutions. For this reason, the readership intended for this article is not only researchers but also graduate students.
Dietary amino acid profile and risk of hypertension: findings from the Ravansar cohort study
Authors: Najafi Farid , Mohseni Parisa , Niknam Mahdieh , Pasdar Yahya , Izadi Neda
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health concern associated with morbidity and mortality. Recent research has explored the potential relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of HTN. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acids and the incidence of HTN.

Methods

This nested case-control study utilized data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The study included 491 new HTN cases identified over a 6-year follow-up period. For each case, four controls were randomly selected through density sampling. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 125 food items was used to calculate dietary amino acid intake. HTN was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or current use of antihypertensive medication in subjects without pre-existing HTN at the start of the cohort study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios for HTN risk.

Results

The median intake of all amino acids was lower in patients with HTN compared to the control group. After adjusting for various variables in different models, the risk of developing HTN tended to increase with higher dietary amino acid intake (excluding tryptophan and acidic amino acids). Specifically, individuals in the third tertile had a higher risk of developing new HTN than those individuals in the lowest tertile, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that there may be an association between increased dietary amino acid intake and the risk of developing HTN, although this association was not statistically significant in this study. Further investigations in diverse populations are needed to explore the relationship between amino acids and HTN, as well as to determine the potential positive and negative effects of specific amino acid patterns on hypertension.
Establishing kidney transplantation in a low-income country: a case in Tanzania
Authors: Furia Francis F. , Shoo Jaqueline G. , Ruggajo Paschal J. , Mngumi Jonathan W. , Valentine Gudila , Muhiddin Mahmoud A. , Kim Njiku , Mlatie Isaack , Mulungu Moses , Mkopi Namala , Kasubi Mabula , Moshi Elizabeth S. , Mnyanyu Lameck , Hamis Ramadhani , Buma Deus , Mtolera Mary C. , Kisanga Onesmo A. , Swai Hedwiga , Museru Lawrence
Published: May 2024

Background

Sub-Saharan African countries, including Tanzania, have a high burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and limited capacity for the provision of services. Tanzania and other countries in the region have made significant improvements in the provision of services for patients with CKD, including hemodialysis. Few countries are offering kidney transplantation services, which is the definitive treatment for patients with CKD and kidney failure. This study was conducted to review the steps taken by Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) to establish a kidney transplantation service in Tanzania.

Methods

This study was based on the review of the activities that were undertaken to establish kidney transplantation services at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It was conducted by reviewing key documents developed for kidney transplantation and interviewing key personnel who were involved in the process.

Results

Kidney transplantation services at MNH were established in November 2017; several steps were taken in the preparatory phase including training of personnel, infrastructural modifications, and procurement of equipment and supplies. Capacity building was achieved through international collaboration with several international and local institutions, including three Hospitals in India. The transplant team, which included nephrologists, urologists, anesthesiologists, radiologists, nurses, laboratory technicians, a transplant coordinator, and a lawyer, underwent short-term training at BLK Hospital in India. Initial transplant procedures were carried out with support from visiting personnel from BLK, Sakra, and Seifee hospitals. In total, 72 transplant surgeries were conducted, of which 39 (54.2%) were performed with visiting teams and 31 (45.8%) by the local team independently. Of the initial 39 recipients, 56.4% were males and 43.5% were aged above 46 years. About half of the donors were brothers/sisters, and 43.5% had human leukocytic antigen haplomatch. Induction immunosuppression included basiliximab in the majority (64.1%) of recipients, and all recipients received prednisolone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil/myfortic.

Conclusions

Establishing kidney transplantation in lower-income countries, such as Tanzania, is feasible; however, it requires dedicated efforts. Collaboration with local and international institutions provided an enabling environment for the transfer of skills and access to necessary supportive services.
Implementation characteristics that may promote sustainability of a rural physical activity initiative: examination of Play Streets through the lens of community implementers
Authors: Wende Marilyn E. , Umstattd Meyer M. Renée , Perry Cynthia , Prochnow Tyler , Hamilton Christina N. Bridges , Abildso Christiaan G. , Porter Keshia M. Pollack
Published: May 2024

Background

Play Streets, which are community-based environmental initiatives where public spaces/streets are temporarily closed to create safe, low-cost physical activity opportunities, have demonstrated feasibility and physical activity benefit in rural US areas. Yet, information is needed to identify implementation characteristics that may promote sustainability. This study examined rural Play Streets implementation characteristics that could impact sustainability from local partners’ perspectives.

Methods

Sixteen Play Streets implementation team members in rural Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas, USA, participated in interviews. Semi-structured in-person individual and group interviews were conducted in the fall of 2018 (after Play Streets implementation in 2017 and 2018), recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using iterative, content analyses. Coding frameworks were based on the Public Health Program Capacity for Sustainability Framework, and emergent themes were also identified.

Results

Interviewees’ perceived characteristics for facilitating Play Streets implementation aligned with the Public Health Program Capacity for Sustainability Framework: funding stability, political support, partnerships, organizational capacity, program adaption, and communication. Interviewees also noted the importance of cultural alignment/support and the reciprocal impact of community connectedness/engagement.

Conclusions

Future research should examine the reciprocal role of public health impacts, as both outcomes and factors which may influence sustainability.
Improved smart energy-based routing approach for IoT networks in wireless sensor nodes
Authors: Sheikh Aysha Munir , Joshi Sunil
Published: May 2024

An emerging communication and network domain called the Internet of Things (IoT) uses nodes that function like actual real-world objects. Both moving and fixed nodes are possible for these. Maintaining node stability or improving inter-node connectivity is the main task for every IoT network. These networks are portable, leading to an overwhelming production of control overhead transmissions which can be reduced with the help of network clustering. In order to extend the network’s lifespan, it is therefore necessary to improve the power usage of sensor nodes. The goal of this research work is to improve network lifetime, increase throughput, reduce packet latency or packet loss, and even expand to addressing threatening nodes in order to cope with the issues of IoT-based sensor systems. The proposed Improved Smart Energy-Based Routing Protocol (ISERP), once combined with a wireless energy harvesting (WEH) unit, improves the node’s lifespan, the network’s quality of services (QoS) amid higher unequal congestion, and those aspects controlling its availability of energy. In the framework of distributed IoT, this protocol meets the standards of QoS through employing hardware-based link quality estimation and accomplishing very high efficiency in terms of energy in comparison with existing routing methods. The sink node chooses both the cluster head (CH) and cluster gateway (CG) by considering the estimation of its cost function. Simulation findings indicate that this proposed technique exhibits more network longevity along with lower consumption of energy compared with other existing cluster-based routing algorithms. Specifically, with the proposed ISERP, CHs use 33% less energy in comparison to existing techniques, and 40% of all nodes remain active until the end of the phase.
Improvement of β-Cell Function After Switching From DPP-4 Inhibitors to Oral Semaglutide: SWITCH-SEMA2 Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Nomoto Hiroshi , Furusawa Sho , Yokoyama Hiroki , Suzuki Yuka , Izumihara Rimi , Oe Yuki , Takahashi Kiyohiko , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Takeuchi Jun , Kurihara Yoshio , Nakamura Akinobu , Atsumi Tatsuya
Published: May 2024

Context

Whether continuation of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) or switching to oral semaglutide is more beneficial for β-cell function is unclear.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of switching from DPP-4is to oral semaglutide for β-cell function compared with DPP-4i continuation.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of SWITCH-SEMA 2, a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial on the switch to oral semaglutide vs DPP-4i continuation without dose adjustment for 24 weeks in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with DPP-4is, was conducted. Changes in markers for glucose metabolism, including homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2) scores and disposition index (DI), were compared between the groups.

Results

A total of 146 subjects (semaglutide group, 69; DPP-4i group, 77) were analyzed. In the semaglutide group, glycemic control, liver enzyme deviations, and lipid profiles improved after 24 weeks. Regarding indices for β-cell function, changes in HOMA2-β as well as DI, reflecting the ability of β-cells to compensate for insulin resistance, were significantly higher in the semaglutide group compared with the DPP-4i group (mean change, +10.4 vs +0.6 in HOMA2-β [P = .001] and +0.09 vs 0.0 in DI [P < .001]). Improvement in DI in the semaglutide group was correlated significantly to changes in body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and fatty liver index reflecting liver steatosis. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that dose of semaglutide (≥ 7 mg/day), reduction in fatty liver index, and metformin nonuse were independently associated with improvement of DI.

Conclusion

Switching to oral semaglutide ameliorated β-cell function compared with DPP-4is, presumably via tissue-to-tissue crosstalk between liver and β-cells.
A novel reporter for helicase activity in translation uncovers DDX3X interactions
Authors: Wilkins Kevin C. , Schroeder Till , Gu Sohyun , Revalde Jezrael L. , Floor Stephen N.
Published: May 2024

DDX3X regulates the translation of a subset of human transcripts containing complex 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs). In this study, we developed the helicase activity reporter for translation (HART), which uses DDX3X-sensitive 5′ UTRs to measure DDX3X-mediated translational activity in cells. To directly measure RNA structure in DDX3X-dependent mRNAs, we used SHAPE-MaP to determine the secondary structures present in DDX3X-sensitive 5′ UTRs and then used HART to investigate how sequence alterations influence DDX3X sensitivity. Additionally, we identified residues 38–44 as potential mediators of DDX3X's interaction with the translational machinery. HART revealed that both DDX3X's association with the translational machinery and its helicase activity are required for its function in promoting the translation of DDX3X-sensitive 5′ UTRs. These findings suggest DDX3X plays a crucial role in regulating translation through its interaction with the translational machinery during ribosome scanning and establish the HART reporter as a robust, lentivirally encoded, colorimetric measurement of DDX3X-dependent translation in cells.
A Cross-sectional study to assess the mental health problems during menstrual cycle among adolescent girls in the rural area of Wardha District
Authors: Bhalerao Vijay , Gotarkar Shashank , Muneshwar Komal , Vaishnav Dr Lokesh
Published: May 2024

Introduction It is essential to improve global public health and to achieve sustainable developmental goals. Mental health problems are common during menstruation in adolescent girls. Menstrual problems affect academic performance, personal lives, and social lives. Menstrual problems are both affective and somatic. This study is undertaken to study the Impact of Menstruation on the Mental Health of young adolescent girls. The participants ‘ ages range from 15 to 19 years. Adolescent coping method ds Mental health, psychological well-being, and spiritual well-being were assessed. Menstrual-phase respondents exhibited increased psychological traits as a measure of adolescent girls’ coping with mental difficulties. Objectives To evaluate menstruation-related knowledge, attitude, sources of information, and psychological well-being To determine the mental health problems during the menstrual cycle. To find out the association between sociodemographic variables and mental health problems during menstrual cycle Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of the Wardha district. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design. A sample of 364 individuals was selected using random sampling. The inclusion criteria were adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who attained menstruation. Exclusion criteria: Girls younger than 15 years and above 19 years, as well as those who were hesitant and uncomfortable asking for information to participate in the study, were excluded. Outcomes Adolescent girls experienced menstruation-related psychosocial issues that are not uncommon. Menstrual distress, burden, stigma, lack of counselling services, lack of preparation menarche, lack of easy access to clean resources, vacy concerns when changing pads are necessary, lack of facilities for disposing sanitary napkins, and inadequate psychological and social support. Most girls experienced stress, mood swings, and restlessness during their menstrual cycle. These findings are consistent with past studies that found that the majority of girls were agitated during menstruation. Approximately 25% of them felt ashamed and guilty about their pubertal changes, and experienced menarche in fear, shyness, and sadness. On the first day of menstruation, girls report psychological problems such as anxiety, trouble concentrating, sadness, irritability, and excitement7. Approximately two-thirds of teenagers in the current study were unaware that menarche occurred earlier.
Analyzing a series of ligands against malaria through the application of molecular docking, molecular quantum similarity, and reactivity indices
Authors: Morales-Bayuelo Alejandro , Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Kaya Savas
Published: May 2024

Background The primary goal of this research is to underscore the significance of molecular docking in the context of malaria drug discovery. Molecular docking plays a crucial role in comprehending the interactions between prospective drugs and the target proteins found in Plasmodium parasites. The study delves into the docking interactions of various compounds, emphasizing the necessity of stabilizing the active site to formulate potent and selective drugs. Methods The research focuses on highlighting compound-specific interactions with residues, stressing the importance of stabilizing the active site to design drugs tailored to specific target proteins. Inhibiting the function of these target proteins disrupts the life cycle of the malaria parasite. Quantum Similarity Analysis, utilizing Overlap and Coulomb operators, is employed to identify electronic similarities. The resulting quantum similarity values guide subsequent chemical reactivity analysis. Global reactivity indices such as chemical potential, hardness, softness, and electrophilicity contribute to drug design by showcasing compound-specific indices that underscore the significance of stability and electrophilicity. Fukui functions are utilized to visualize regions for stabilization, providing insights crucial for potential malaria treatment. Results The enhancement of drug-target binding affinity is observed through stabilizing interactions in the active site. Understanding electrophilicity at the active site emerges as a critical factor in drug design and selectivity. The rational manipulation of electrophilic interactions holds promise for developing potent and selective drugs against malaria. Consequently, the integration of molecular docking, quantum similarity analysis, and chemical reactivity indices offers a comprehensive approach to malaria drug discovery. Conclusions The study identifies potential lead compounds, emphasizing the crucial role of stabilizing the active site. Additionally, it sheds light on electronic considerations vital for the design of effective and resistance-resistant drugs. The insights provided by Fukui functions into regions susceptible to -H bond formation make these compounds promising candidates for malaria treatment.
Empowering Global AMR Research Community: Interactive GIS dashboards for AMR data analysis and informed decision-making
Authors: Opiyo Stephen Obol , Nalunkuma Racheal , Nanyonga Stella Maris , Mugenyi Nathan , Kanyike Andrew Marvin
Published: May 2024

Background Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a critical global public health concern, demanding effective tools for research, data analysis, and decision-making. This study proposes a groundbreaking approach to empower the global AMR research community by introducing interactive Geographic Information System (GIS) dashboards. These dashboards aim to facilitate comprehensive data analysis of AMR across multiple countries, providing insights into antimicrobial usage (AMU), resistance patterns, and geographic distribution. Methods The novel approach involves the development of GIS dashboards that integrate and harmonize data from diverse sources, including clinical laboratories, surveillance networks, and public health agencies. Objective 1 focuses on creating a dashboard encompassing all countries, offering comprehensive data analysis capabilities and visualization tools. Objective 2 entails building a focused dashboard specifically for Kenya and Uganda, allowing for comparative analysis of AMR in these regions. Objective 3 involves the generation of a simulated dataset for Kampala, Uganda, addressing data limitations in that specific area. Results The GIS dashboards serve as powerful tools for visualizing and analyzing AMR-related datasets, providing stakeholders with a comprehensive view of the global AMR landscape. These dashboards offer valuable insights into antimicrobial usage, resistance patterns, and geographical distribution. The centralized platform facilitates data exploration and analysis, aiding researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals in making informed decisions to combat AMR. Conclusions In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the developed GIS dashboards empower stakeholders by providing valuable insights and informed decision-making capabilities. The dashboards serve as essential tools for addressing the global challenge of AMR, allowing for a deeper understanding of the problem and informing effective strategies. The approach outlined in this study has the potential to significantly contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat AMR on a global scale.
ТРУДОВОЙ МЕНТАЛИТЕТ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Authors: Finogenova Olga N.
Published: May 2024

Российское общество находится в состоянии значительных по интенсивности и содержанию изменений, которые с необходимостью влияют на психологические состояния россиян. Предметом анализа исследования, представленного в статье, является трудовой менталитет подростков, - совокупность установок и отношений к труду и профессиональной деятельности, которую авторы считают одним из важнейших факторов формирования социальных процессов ближайшего будущего.
Методы. Для исследования использовался опросник «Лист жизненных событий». Опрос проводился в 2021-2023 годах, респонденты исследования – подростки, проживающие в городских и сельских территориях Красноярского края.
Результаты. В результате исследования сформировано определение, структура и уровни конструкта «трудовой менталитет». Выявлены особенности отношения подростков к труду. Большая часть подростков, в соответствии с особенностями ценностной иерархии поколения, ориентированы на приоритет самореализации путем развития индивидуальности и личностных ресурсов, но не рассматривают в качестве средства самореализации продуктивную деятельность и труд. Меньшая по численности, но значительная часть подростков, напротив, ориентирована на труд и профессиональную работу, которые входят в их жизненный сценарий и включены в Я-концепцию. В иерархии мотивов профессионального труда первые позиции принадлежат самореализации и возможности построить карьеру.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для проектирования воспитательной работы в общеобразовательной школе.
ASSOCIATION OF PROBLEMATIC USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS WITH INDICATORS OF DEPRESSION ON THE HADS SCALE AMONG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Yaskevich Roman A. , Moskalenko Olga L.
Published: May 2024

The available literature data on the impact of social media on mental health are contradictory. Some studies report the benefits of using social media for mental health, including increased social support, strengthening connections and seeking help. In others, on the contrary, associations of problematic use of social networks with a number of psychosocial problems such as psychological stress, anxiety and depression have been identified.
Purpose. To study the association of problematic use of social networks with indicators of depression on the HADS scale among medical university students.
Materials and methods. 229 students of both sexes enrolled in the 3rd year of the medical faculty of the Medical University were examined. Problematic use of social networks was identified using the Russian-language version of the questionnaire «The Social Media Disorder Scale». The identification of depressive disorders and the assessment of severity were carried out using the Russian-language version of the hospital scale of anxiety and depression HADS.
Results. It was found, that signs of depression were observed in 34,9% of the surveyed students and were statistically significantly more common among girls compared with boys. The frequency of problematic social media use among students with signs of depression was 36,4%. Among both the surveyed girls and boys the number of people with signs of depression in combination with problematic use of social networks was more than twice as high as in patients without problematic use of social networks.
Conclusion. Associations of problematic use of social networks with indicators of depression on the HADS scale among students studying at a medical university have been revealed.
Appreciative Inquiry in the Anthropocene Epoch
Authors: Pavez Ignacio
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the potential of Appreciative Inquiry to catalyze systemic change in the Anthropocene epoch. Focusing on Appreciative Inquiry’s original premises and principles, the author discusses how organization development practitioners and changemakers can harness the transformative power of Appreciative Inquiry – in the dimensions of being, knowing and doing – to facilitate collaborative action aimed at fostering human flourishing on a healthy and regenerative planet.
La Indagación Apreciativa en la Época del Antropoceno
Authors: Pavez Ignacio
Published: May 2024

Este artículo examina el potencial de la Indagación Apreciativa (IA) para catalizar el cambio sistémico en la época del Antropoceno. Centrándome en las premisas y principios originales de la IA, analizo cómo los profesionales del desarrollo organizacional y los agentes de cambio pueden emplear el poder transformador de la IA, en las dimensiones del ser, el conocer y el hacer, para facilitar la acción colaborativa que busca promover el florecimiento humano en un planeta saludable y regenerativo.
The role of supplier relationship strategies, relationship with customer, and information sharing on firm performance
Authors: Jahid Md. Abu , Sukardi Sukardi , Pasiri Rafi Al
Published: May 2024

Purpose-This study examines the correlation between supplier relationship strategies, relationship with customer, and information sharing on firm performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach-The study population consisted of employees of Bank in Asia. The data of this study was collected through questionnaires, and the study sample consisted of 100 respondents. Outer model and inner model analysis techniques were applied to this research data using an analysis application called Smart PLS version 3.0.
Findings-The results showed that supplier relationship strategies and information sharing have a positive effect on firm performance. Then, the opposite results are shown by relationship with customer and firm performance which shows a negative influence.
Research limitations/implications-Banking businesses need to improve or optimize supplier relationship strategies, relationship with customers, and information sharing to drive firm performance growth. In this study, it is necessary to emphasize or improve relationships with customers to improve firm performance, because this study actually shows a negative influence.
Originality/value-Studies on the performance of companies in the banking business, especially Bank in Asia can still be said to be quite limited. Previous research has not discussed supplier relationship strategies, relationship with customers, and information sharing to analyze company performance in the banking business.
Antecedents of stream services purchase decision
Authors: Anggraini Sinta Putri , Kusmantini Titik , Salleh Fauzilah
Published: May 2024

Purpose-Consumer decisions in choosing and buying a product are influenced by various internal and external factors. These factors can encourage or even reduce consumers’ intention to buy a desired product. This study chose brand image, brand image, and electronic word-of-mouth factors as determinants of consumer decisions to buy a product.
Design/Methodology/Approach-This study chose consumers or users of Netflix streaming services in Yogyakarta as the respondents. The respondents used in this study were 130 respondents. The data obtained were processed using SPSS statistical tools to test the validity, reliability, and hypotheses.
Findings-This study proves that brand image, brand trust, and electronic word-of-mouth have a positive influence on consumers’ purchase decisions. With these results, it can be seen that to encourage consumers to make purchases, there needs to be a positive image of the products offered, thus affecting consumer confidence in buying these products. These three aspects have been achieved, and consumers will influence other consumers to make purchases: in other words, electronic word-of-mouth affects purchasing decisions.
Research limitations/implications- Consumer purchasing decisions in this study are influenced by brand image, brand trust, and electronic word-of-mouth. These three factors have been shown to have positive influences. That is, to encourage consumers to make product purchases, the image of the product and the trust of consumers must be maintained so that consumers remain encouraged to make purchases. When the image and trust are well maintained, consumers do not hesitate to influence other consumers to buy the product, so that electronic word-of-mouth can be achieved.
Originality/value-This study discusses consumer behavior in terms of purchasing decisions regarding Netflix streaming services in Yogyakarta. Similar studies have been conducted using different variables and objects.
The mediating role of locus of control: Financial knowledge and financial attitude on financial management behavior
Authors: Hefri Besse Nur Fatimah
Published: May 2024

Purpose-Currently, individual behavior in managing finances, especially in the younger generation, needs attention. The ease of financial access can provide both positive and negative aspects. This study aimed to ascertain how financial knowledge and attitudes through locus of control can influence financial management behavior.
Design/Methodology/Approach-Modeling structural equations using Smart PLS 4.0 are the data processing techniques used in this study. This study examines the impact of the indicators of each of these variables on the objects of students of the Faculty of Economics and Business in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. By distributing questionnaires, the researchers were able to collect data from up to 98 respondents.
Findings-The study's findings suggest that although financial attitudes have a direct impact on financial behavior management, financial knowledge has no direct impact on financial behavior management behavior. Financial attitudes and knowledge have been demonstrated to directly affect locus of control. It has also been demonstrated that locus of control directly affects money management behavior. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that locus of control mediates the relationship between financial knowledge and financial management behavior, but not the relationship between financial attitudes and financial management conduct.
Research limitations/implications-The findings of this research are expected to be a reference and basis for knowledge, especially for the younger generation, who are expected to understand that to foster good financial management behavior, there are many things that must be considered. This study shows that financial knowledge, financial attitudes, and locus of control are elements that can influence financial management behavior.
Originality/value-There is still very little research on financial management behavior in the younger generation, especially among students of the Faculty of Economics and Business in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study revealed factors that allegedly had an impact on the financial management behavior of students of the Faculty of Economics and Business in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
EFICIÊNCIA E LEGALIDADE
Authors: Berwig Aldemir
Published: May 2024

Este artigo aborda aspectos da organização de pessoal na administração pública brasileira buscando compreender sua organização e sua ligação formal com a legislação. Verifica como, na história da República brasileira, ocorre a organização formal da administração. A partir da organização legal verifica que, diferentemente da perspectiva estudada em Administração, pode não existir um efetivo planejamento administrativo de pessoal, o que transparece na forma como são tomadas as decisões administrativas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com reflexão a partir de estudo teórico de revisão bibliográfica. Observa que reformas administrativas são propostas, mas sempre frágeis em argumentos e motivações, como ocorre com a Emenda Constitucional no 32/2020. Conclui, a partir dos dados e informações levantados, que a estrutura administrativa, durante o período republicano, decorre da organização formal e que a estrutura legal de pessoal pode estar dissociada da satisfação do interesse público. Decorre de uma obrigatoriedade imposta pelo ordenamento jurídico, o que pode demonstrar uma perversão dos princípios constitucionais, a falta de planejamento, a qual está distante de proporcionar eficiência, eficácia e efetividade no atendimento da população.
Palavras-chave: Administração Pública. Burocracia. Reforma Administrativa. Gestão de Pessoas. Planejamento Administrativo.
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN HIP FRACTURE PATIENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED MORTALITY RISK
Authors: Bayram John M , Kanesan Hariprasath , Clement Nicholas
Published: May 2024

The aims were to assess whether vitamin D deficiency influenced mortality risk for patients presenting with a hip fracture.

A retrospective study was undertaken including all patients aged over 50 years that were admitted with a hip fracture to a single centre during a 24-month period. Serum vitamin D levels were assessed. Patient demographics and perioperative variables and mortality were collected. Cox regression analysis (adjusting for confounding) was utilised to determine the independent association between serum vitamin D level and patient mortality.

The cohort consisted of 2075 patients with a mean age of 80.7 years and 1471 (70.9%) were female. 1510 (72.8%) patients had a serum vitamin D level taken, of which 876 (58.0%) were deficient (50nmol/l). The median follow up was 417 (IQR 242 to 651) days. During follow up there were 464 (30.7%) deaths. Survival at 1 year was significantly (p=0.003) lower for patients who were vitamin D deficient (71.7%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 68.6 to 74.9) compared to those who were not (79.0%, 95% CI 75.9 to 82.3). Vitamin D deficiency was also independently associated with an increased mortality risk at 2-years (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.53, p=0.025), but not at 1-year (p=0.057).

Hip fracture patients with vitamin D deficiency had an increased mortality risk. This risk was independent of confounders at 2 years. The role of measuring vitamin D levels in these patients is unclear. Improved public health policy about vitamin D may be required to reduce deficiency in this patient population.
ASSESSING RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS AND FRACTURES AT DIFFERENT SITES: LUMBAR VERTEBRAE VERSUS NECK OF FEMURS IN A LARGE COHORT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Khan Aqib , Rossi Nicholas , Amin Hamzah
Published: May 2024

Osteoporosis can cause significant disability and cost to health services globally. We aim to compare risk fractures for both osteoporosis and fractures at the L1-L4 vertebrae (LV) and the neck of femurs (NOFs) in patients referred for DEXA scan in the North-West of England.

Data was obtained from 31546 patients referred for DEXA scan in the North-West of England between 2004 and 2011. Demographic data was retrospectively analysed using STATA, utilising chi-squared and t-tests. Logistical models were used to report odds ratios for risk factors included in the FRAX tool looking for differences between osteoporosis and fracture risk at the LV and NOFs.

In a study involving 2530 cases of LV fractures and 1363 of NOF fractures, age was significantly linked to fractures and osteoporosis at both sites, with a higher risk of osteoporosis at NOFs compared to LV. Height provided protection against fractures and osteoporosis at both sites, with a more pronounced protective effect against osteoporosis at NOFs. Weight was more protective for NOF fractures, while smoking increased osteoporosis risk with no site-specific difference. Steroids were unexpectedly protective for fractures at both sites, with no significant difference, while alcohol consumption was protective against osteoporosis at both sites and associated with increased LV fracture risk. Rheumatoid arthritis increased osteoporosis risk in NOFs and implied a higher fracture risk, though not statistically significant compared to LV. Results summarised in Table 1.

Our study reveals that established osteoporosis and fracture risk factors impact distinct bony sites differently. Age and rheumatoid arthritis increase osteoporosis risk more at NOFs than LV, while height and steroids provide greater protection at NOFs. Height significantly protects LV fractures, with alcohol predicting them. Further research is needed to explore risk factors’ impact on additional bony sites and understand the observed differences’ pathophysiology.

For any figures or tables, please contact the authors directly.