bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study Between Holmium Laser Versus Pneumatic Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Lower Ureteric Calculi
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Rahman Md Mostafiger , Naser Md Fazal , Chowdhury Wahida Akhtar
Published: August 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Holmium laser and pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of lower ureteric calculi.
Methods: The study included total of 218 patients divided into two groups of laser lithotripsy (LL) and pneumatic lithotripsy (PL). Study was conducted between October 2014 and September 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients with a lower ureteric single stone of size 0.8 to 1 cm and negative urine culture. An x-ray KUB and USG of KUB was mandatory. IVU also done when required. Procedures were done under spinal anesthesia. A 9.5 Fr. semi rigid ureteroscope was used for ureteroscopy in all cases. Holmium laser with 550 ìm fiber was employed in laser group and frequency was set between 20-30 Hz at energy of 0.5 to 1 Joule. Storz lithotripter was used in PL group. Postoperatively patients underwent radiography at 4th week of follow up to assess stone clearance.
Results: The mean patient age in LL and PL group was 38.8±9.1(15-58) and 41.2±10.3(16-62) years, male to female ratio 1.75:1and 1.57:1 and stone size 8.94±0.98 and 8.94±0.91 mm respectively. Stone free rate at 4 weeks was 96.36 % in LL group as compared to 88.83 % in PL group(p=0.033). Stone migration up in pelvicalyceal system occurred in one (0.90%) patients of LL group while in five (4.63%) patients of PL group (p= 0.0929). DJ Stent was placed in 43(39.09%) patients in LL group whereas 64(59.25%) patients required it in PL group (p=0.0030). Complication rate was 18.18% (20) in LL group whereas it was 38.88% (42) in PL group (p=0.0038)
Conclusion: Holmium laser lithotripsy is a superior technology compared to pneumatic lithotripsy in terms of rate of stone clearance and complications for lower ureteric stones.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 14-19
Fracture Penis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcome of 9 Patients
Authors: Hoq Md Muzharul
Published: August 2022

Background: First reported case of penile fracture was made an Arab physician, more than 1000 years ago. Fracture penis not an uncommon genitourinary trauma, once it was thought. Sexual intercourse, masturbation, rolling over or falling onto the erect penis, abrupt blunt trauma by forceful bending of the erect penis etc. are the main causes of penile fracture. Treatment option of fracture penis now a days is operative.
Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study. Patients with fracture penis admitted in the Department of Urology and Surgery Rangamati Medical College hospital and Chattogram National Hospital (Pvt.) Ltd. since May 2008 to December 2019 were included in this study. Total 9 patients were treated with fracture penis in this period of time. Patients were diagnosed by proper history, physical examination and investigations. Patients with genitourinary trauma due to other reasons were excluded from the study. Patient’s data were collected from hospital records and were analyzed later on.
Results: Nine patients with fracture penis were included in this study. Six patients developed fracture during sexual intercourse, two during penile manipulation and one gave ambiguous history. After proper preoperative preparation and counselling, they underwent operation. The defect of tunica albuginea was identified and repaired. One patient had urethral injury which was also repaired at the time of repair of tunica albuginea. All the patients were evaluated post operatively. One patient had mild erectile dysfunction, others were normal.
Conclusion: Immediate repair of the tunica albuginea was the corner stone of success.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 20-24
Comparative Study between Initial Positive and Negative Preoperative Urine Culture for Postoperative Fever in PCNL Patients
Authors: Faisal Ferdous Mahmud , Gupta Sudip Das , Mridha Nazrul Islam , Rahma Mohammad Mahfuzur , Ahad Ibne Safi Abdul , Nahar Shamsun
Published: August 2022

Background: The exact mechanism of fever after PCNL has not been established.2. This research studied the frequency of post-PCNL fever and UTI in both initial preoperative positive and negative urine culture group of patients.
Objectives: To compare the frequency of post PCNL fever and UTI in initial positive and negative preoperative urine culture patients.
Method: This was a prospective observational study on a total sixty patients who underwent single PCNL at the Department of Urology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka and National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka from March 2013 to October 2014.There were two groups of patients, Group-I, with initial positive preoperative urine culture and another Group-II with initial negative preoperative urine culture. But the operation deferred until the positive urine culture became negative. Both groups received prophylactic antibiotic.
Results: The frequency of fever and UTI after PCNL was 53.33% in Group-I (n=30) but only 23.33% was found in Group-II (n=30).Significant correlations were observed between post-PCNL fever with initial positive preoperative urine culture group (p=0.017), female sex (p=0.02), prolong hospital stay (p=0.018).
Conclusion: The frequency of postoperative fever and UTI is more than two times in preoperative positive urine culture patients than culture negative patients. Risk of post- PCNL fever increased in patients who had initial positive preoperative urine culture.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 25-32
Clinical and Surgical Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic for Patients with Urological Problems
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Arafuzzaman KH , Alam Mahmud , Islam Md Merajul
Published: August 2022

Objective: To discuss the impact of COVID-19 on Urological practice and their management and to review some of the available recommendations reported in the literature.
Materials and Methods: In the current review the PubMed database was searched to identify all the related reports discussing the impact of COVID-19 on urological field and how the urological issues and cases can be managed is discussed.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic is the latest and biggest global health threat. Medical and surgical practices have changed dramatically to cope with the current challenge. This changes include postponements of most of the elective out patient’s visits and urological procedures to save facilities and resources for urgent cases and patients with COVID-19.
Conclusion: Over the coming months, healthcare workers including urologists will be facing increasingly difficult challenges and consequently they should adopt triage strategy to avoid wasting of medical resources and they should endorse sufficient protection procedures to guard against infection when dealing with COVID-19 patients.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 33-36
Factors of Infertility among the Males in Selected Hospitals of Dhaka City
Authors: Quadir SA Anowar ul , Islam Khan Nazrul , Alam Babul Md Safiul , Akhter Jesmin , Bari Mohammad Abdul
Published: August 2022

Background: Infertility is a global health issue affecting approximately 8-10% of couples and has multidimensional problem with social, economic and cultural implications, which can take threatening proportions in countries with strong demographic problems. Reproductive health in Bangladesh focused mainly on women health and ignoring the role of men, in spite of the important role that men are playing in reproduction and fertility which impact his family and environment.
Objective: To find out the factors of infertility among the males in selected hospitals of Dhaka city.
Methods: A convenience sample of 112 medical records for males diagnosed with infertility in Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College Hospital, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Fertility center Mohammedpur Dhaka, Infertility care and Research Center Mohammedpur Dhaka were retrospectively reviewed for the cause of their infertility. Four months duration of study from May 2016 to August 2016. After completion of data collection, the collected data was checked and verified on regular basis for accuracy, consistency and completeness. Data was edited and coded. The results were presented into the form of tables and figures. Data was processed in computer by using the software SPSS, version 22 and statistical analysis was done.
Results: Male factor alone was accounted for 52% of infertility among couples of these 90 had primary infertility and 22 had secondary infertility. The mean duration of infertility was 4.98±3.99 years and the mean age for male cases was 33.5±7.24 years The most common causes among infertile men were, idiopathic infertility 36.6%, varicocele 32.1%, obstruction of the seminal tract 18.8%, and hormonal problems 5.4%. Least common causes found were, medication 1.8%, spinal cord injury 1.8%, cryptorchidism 1.8%, and testicular failure 1.8%.
Conclusion: More than half of the infertile couples were from an idiopathic cause. Study results confirm that understanding about male reproductive function and the environmental factors that affect it is insufficient. Provide education to infertile men by doctors in charge about potential risk factors that may affect fertility and not just provide treatment because simple changes in lifestyle can improve fertility.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 37-45
Outcome of Unilateral Bladder Neck Incision In Comparison to Bilateral Incision in Case of Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction
Authors: Alam Md Nabid , Debnath Ripan , Ahmed Maruf , Islam Muhammad Serajul , Saiful Hossain Tohid Mohammad , Alam SM Mahbub , Rahman Md Mostafizur
Published: August 2022

Background: Primary bladder neck obstruction is not uncommon in middle aged men. Patients with primary bladder neck obstruction usually present with voiding and storage symptoms. They are evaluated by history, physical examination, investigations and confirmed by urodynamic study. There are different modalities of treatment. It varies according to age, sex and associated conditions. If medical treatment failed, they are treated with unilateral or bilateral bladder neck incisions. Among them, per and postoperative outcome like operation time, hospital stay, voiding time, PVR, Qmax and retrograde ejaculation were assessed in both the group.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the operation time, postoperative hospital stay, PVR, Qmax, voiding time and retrograde ejaculation between two groups who underwent unilateral or bilateral bladder neck incision due to primary bladder neck obstruction.
Material and methods: This quasi experimental study was carried out in the department of urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2013 to June 2015. Male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to primary bladder neck obstruction were the study population. Sixty patients were selected from Urology OPD as sample according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, they were divided into two groups purposively, designated as group I and group II for unilateral and bilateral bladder neck incision respectively to see the per and postoperative outcome like operating time, hospital stay, voiding time, PVR, Qmax and retrograde ejaculation
Results: Total 60 patients were recruited in this study of which 30 patients were in group I and the rest of 30 patients were in group II. The mean age with a SD was 28.33 ± 5.33 years and 28.20±5.49 years in group I and group II respectively (p>0.05). In group I, the mean ± SD of operative time was 19.9±3.26 min within a range 15-25 min. In group II, the mean ± SD of operative time was 27.16 ±2.65 min within a range 20-30 min (p<0.05).In group I mean (SD) hospital stay was 2.10 ± 0.30 day, in group II it was 2.40 ± 0.56 day
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 46-52
Outcome of Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Totally Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Calculi: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rakib Md Abdur , Islam Md Shahidul , Waheed SM Shameem , Alam Md Shafiul , Alam Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Objective: In standard PCNL usually placement of a double J stent and a nephrostomy tube is required.Several recent studies have reported the benefits of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Postoperatively,In standard PCNL patients have an indwelling ureteric stent placed, which is often associated with stent-related morbidity. We performed totally tubeless(without any stent or nephrostomy tube) PCNL.This study was conducted in the urology centre of Combined military Hospital,Dhaka, to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of totally tubeless PCNL and to compare with standard PCNL where both nephrostomy tube and double J stent were placed.
Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to June 2019 , total 57 selected patients underwent standard or totally tubeless PCNL.In standard PCNL group, both D-J stent and nephrostomy tube were placed and Neither a nephrostomy tube nor a ureteral stent was placed in the totally tubeless PCNL group. We compared patient demographics and stone characteristics, operation time, length of hospital stay, analgesia requirements, stonefree rate, blood loss, change in creatinine, and postoperative complications between the standard and totally tubeless PCNL groups.
Results: There were no significant differences in preoperative patient characteristics, postoperative complications, and the stone-free rate between the two groups, but the totally tubeless PCNL group showed a shorter hospital stay and a lesser analgesic requirement compared with the standard PCNL group. Blood loss and change in serum creatinine level were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusions: Totally tubeless PCNL appears to be a safe and effective alternative for the management of renal stone in selected patients and is associated with a shorter length of hospital stay and less analgesic requirement.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 53-57
Outcome of Post-resection Intravesical BCG and Mitomycin C Therapy on Non-muscle Invasive High- Grade Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Roy Nikolas Chandra , Chowdhury Md Shafiqul Alam , Karmaker Uttam , Belal Md Tawhid
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcome of postoperative intravesical BCG and Mitomycin C therapy on non-muscle invasive high grade superficial bladder tumor.
Methods: This prospective quasi experimental study was carried out among the patients with non-muscle invasive high grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder, who underwent complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor of primary tumor attended at the urology department of DMCH, during March 2017 to August 2019. After pre-operative evaluation and counselling, 70 patients with histologically documented high grade superficial bladder tumor were included and divided in two groups. We instilled intravesical BCG in one group and Mitomycin C (MMC) therapy in other group. The patients were followed up at 3rd ,6th , 9th , 12th and 18th month.
Results: The mean age of BCG group was 55.8 years while 60.2years in MMC group with majority between 45 to 65 years (>80%). Sex distribution in both groups were almost equal (p=0.062). There were equal number of TaG3 and T1G3 disease in each group (p=0.809). Local adverse reactions were significant in BCG group (p= 0.016), among them UTI, between two groups, was statistically significant (p=0.039). Incidence of hematuria (p=0.324), voiding frequency (p=0.163) and local rash (P=0.642) had no statistically significant difference. The incidence of post-instillation systemic adverse reactions between two groups were statistically significant (p=0.034). Fever (p=0.028) was significant among them. Intavesical BCG was significantly more effective than MMC in terms of disease recurrence (p=0.047) and progression (p=0.008).
Conclusions: We analysed the efficacy and safety of intravesical BCG and MMC in two groups, showing that BCG was more effective in terms of disease recurrence and progression but local and systemic side effects were higher in BCG group.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 62-71
Etiological Factors and Outcome of Ureterovaginal Fistula: A Study in Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Karim Md Rezaul , Razia Sultana , Akhther Mst Hasina , Chowdhury Akhtari Hossain , Reza Suhel Al Mujahid , Mondal Md Ahsan Habib , Uddin Md Bakhtiar
Published: August 2022

Background: Ureterovaginal fistula is a communication between the distal ureter and the vagina. It is a rare but a relatively frequent complication of pelvic surgery. The etiological factors are very important in the treatment procedure of ureterovaginal fistula. We have very few data regarding this issue.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the etiological factors and outcome of ureterovaginal fistula in women.
Methods: This was an observational study and it was conducted in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman medical College Hospital (SZMCH), Bogura, Bangladesh, during the period from May 2016 to December 2018. This study was approved by the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. In total 48 women with ureterovaginal fistula at the center were included as the study population on the basis of non-probability purposive sampling. The investigative procedures, etiology, clinical presentation and outcomes were recorded. All the data were collected, processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20 as per need.
Result: In analyzing the etiological factors among participants we found that, among the patients of post-hysterectomy 16.67%, 14.58%, 25% and 4.17% were with abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids, abdominal hysterectomy for malignancy, cesarean hysterectomy and rupture uterus with SVD (Spontaneous vaginal delivery). In analyzing the final outcomes among the participants we found most of the patients (n=40; 83%) healed and continent. Then 13% healed with residual incontinence and the rest 4% patients healed ureterovaginal fistula with residual vesicocervicovaginal fistula.
Conclusion: In this study the emergency cesarean section was found to be commonest etiological factor and the use of abdominopelvic ultrasound was found to be effective in the confirmation of diagnosis and identifying the affected ureter. Well planned hysterectomy for benign and malignant uterine pathologies may reduce the frequencies of ureterovaginal fistula.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 72-76
Management of Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injury in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Asad Hafiz Al , Yazdani Asif , Chowhury Zulfia Zinat , Morshed Selim , Rahman Mohammad Habibur , Hossain AKM Shahadat
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Pediatric urethral surgery represents a significant surgical challenge due to smaller pelvis, decreased caliber and increased tissue fragility. This study aims to find the outcome and complications of perineal end to end anastomotic urethroplasty in the management of posterior urethral injury resulting from pelvic fracture.
Methods: We performed 47 perineal bulbo-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUIs from January, 2013 to January 2020. Mean age was 13 years with majority between 10 to 18 years (>85%). All were male patients. Two patients had history of failed anastomotic urethroplasty. Patients were selected as per selection criteria and were prepared for operation after adequate counseling. After surgical intervention patients were discharged with a supra-pubic catheter (SPC) and per urethral catheter in situ. On 22nd POD urethral catheter was removed and SPC on the next day if patient can void normally. 1st and 2nd follow up done on of 3rd and 6th month respectively following surgery. If patient voided well and Qmax>15ml/ sec; repair was defined as successful.
Results: Success rate of anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUI was 91.47%. Total 4 procedures were failed including 1 urethro-cutaneous fistula and needed re-do anastomosis. We could not evaluate erectile dysfunction (ED) as many patients were unable to give appropriate information. Two patient developed incontinence which improved in subsequent follow-up.
Conclusions: Anastomotic urethroplasty remains the gold standard in the management of PFUI. Operative series of pediatric urethral reconstruction usually involve small numbers. Experiences of anastomotic urethoplasty in large volume adult series reflects the higher outcome in pediatic patients.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 77-81
Comparison of Single versus Double BMG Urethroplasty in the Treatment of Bulbar Urethral Stricture
Authors: Alam Md Naushad , Alam Md Shawkat , Chowdhury Md Abdul Hakim , Hasan Shahriar Md Kabir , Kamal AHM Mostofa , Hasnat Md Abul
Published: August 2022

Background: Bulbar urethral strictures require comprehensive and careful urological management. Augmentation urethroplasty is the preferred treatment method and buccal mucosa has gained widespread popularity as the graft of choice for bulbar urethroplasty.
Objective: To compare the outcomes of single versus double BMG urethroplasty in the treatment of bulbar urethral stricture.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Urology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka from July 2018 to December 2019 over a period of one and half years. In this study, 22 patients had single BMG urethroplasty and 38 patients had double BMG urethroplasty. Qmax, dilation requirement, recurrent stricture and postoperative complications were recorded and compared. SPSS 12 was used for analysis. Categorical data were compared with Chi-square test and numerical data were compared with unpaired t test.
Results: Maximum patients were more than 40 years old in both groups. Mean age was 40.77 ± 8.52 years & 38.97 ± 10.07 years in single and double BMG group respectively (p>0.05). Most of the patients were either overweight or obese in both groups (p>0.05). In most of the cases aetiology of structure was unknown in both groups. Length of graft was 4.59 ± 0.65 cm and 4.43 ± 0.51 cm in single and double BMG group respectively. Peroperative Qmax was 8.00 ± 1.54 ml/sec and 7.61 ± 1.73 ml/sec in single and double BMG group respectively. Postoperative Qmax after 1 month and after 3 months was significantly higher in double BMG group than single BMG group (23.87 ± 1.79 ml/sec vs 21.73 ± 2.37 ml/sec and 20.71 ± 3.25 ml/sec vs 14.95 ± 1.29 ml/sec). Percent increment of Qmax after 3 months comparing pre-operative was significantly higher in double BMG urethroplasty group than that of single BMG urethroplasty group. Wound infection was higher in single BMG group than that of double BMG group but difference was not statistically significant (27.3% vs 13.2%; p=0.310). Recurrent of stricture was significantly higher in single BMG urethroplasty group than that of double BMG urethroplasty group (45.5% vs 21.1%; p=0.04
Conclusion Double BMG urethroplasty is better than single BMG urethroplasty in the treatment of bulbar urethral strictures.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 82-86
Effect of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs on Outcome of Arterio-Venous Fistula Created for Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Perveg Akter Kamal , Rahman Habibur , Alam AKM Khurshdul , Saiful Hossain Tohid Mohammod , Ghosh KC , Rabbani Rezwanul Haque
Published: August 2022

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation is the primary mode of achieving vascular access for hemodialysis in chronic renal failure (CRF). Because of high complication rates like thrombosis, maintenance of the fistula is a major challenge. Although antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs are emerging rapidly for improving the outcome of AVF but fear of bleeding, hematoma, subsequent compression of AV fistula and blockade restrict their use in many dialysis centers.
Objective: To see the effect of anticoagulant & antiplatelet drugs in improving primary patency rate and reducing early thrombus formation of AVF.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Urology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from November, 2018 to October, 2019. Ninety six ESRD patients who underwent AV fistula with immediate postoperative had thrill and murmur were included as study population as per selection criteria. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. Patients were divided into two groups using computer generated random number (group I and group II). In group I, patients anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs were used and in group II, patients anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs were not used after creation of AVF. Patients were followed up on 3rd POD, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks after the operation and re-evaluated with clinical examinations and investigations. The outcome were evaluated and compared between two groups.
Results: In this study maximum patients were more than 40 years old in both groups. Mean age was 47.89 ± 12.54 years in group I and 46.29 ± 14.78 in group II. Males were predominant in both groups. Male to female ratio was 3.36:1 and 5.8:1 in group I and group II respectively in this study. In this study 35.4% in Group I and 45.8% in Group II patients had hypertension. 47.9% in Group I and 60.4% in Group II patients had DM. Thrombosis was significantly lower in study group (group I) than control group (group II). Primary patency was significantly higher at 4th week after treatment in group I than group II. Bleeding was observed in one (2.1%) patients at 1rd POD in group I who came with emergency & managed conservatively. Haematoma was observed in 1 (2.1%) patients at 3rd POD in group I.
Conclusion: Use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents prevented the loss of AV patency. But it still needs to be determined whether the potential benefits of anticoagulant & antiplatelet therapy outweights the risk of adverse events.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 90-98
Outcome of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Treatment of Upper Calyceal Stone of ≥2 cm in Diameter
Authors: Islam Mohammad Saiful , Ali Khan Sharif Md Shahadat , Enayetullah Imtiaz , Razzaque Kazi Zikrur , Nasiruddin Md , Abedin Kazi Rafiqul
Published: August 2022

Back ground: The incidence of renal calculi is rising and more patients are presenting with small renal calculi. The treatment options for renal calculi (d”2 cm) are ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). The development of minimal invasive surgery for the treatment of renal calculus has led to an increase in success rates and, at the same time, has decreased the morbidity associated with these treatments.
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate outcome of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of upper calyceal stone of d”2 cm in diameter.
Methods: 60 Patients with radiopaque upper calyceal stone (d”2 cm) were admitted and underwent RIRS (Group A) & PCNL (Group B) in Urology department as per inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive sampling (30 patients in each group). Complete clinical evaluation including history, physical examination, relevant examinations & laboratory investigations were performed.
Result: Mean age was 37.23±11.59 years (range 18-62years) in group A and 40.10±11.49 (range 18-65 years) in group B. Mean operative time was significantly lower in group A (90.13 +/- 18.79 min) than group B (107.36 +/- 16.4 min) (p <0.05). Mean volume of irrigation fluid used during surgery, mean drop in the postoperative hemoglobin concentration, hospital stay, mean VAS score at 8 hours & 24 hours after operation were significantly lower in RIRS group than PCNL group (p< 0.05). We achieved a stone clearance of 90.00% in the RIRS group and 96.67% in the PCNL group. The difference in stone clearance in two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.30).
Conclusion: The study concluded Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of upper calyceal stone of d”2cm in diameter is a feasible, effective and safe treatment option. Given the added morbidity in PCNL, RIRS should be considered standard therapy in these patients.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 99-104
Non-invasive Urodynamic Study - The Uroflowmetry
Authors: Mallik Ashraf Uddin , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Karmaker Uttam , Jahan Tamanna , Tabassum Noushin , Shithee Shafia Tabassum , Nasrin Most Jannat E , Samad Md Abdus
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 105-109
A Case Report On Horseshoe Kidney with Single Ureter
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Zahid , Haque Mir Ehteshamul , Hossain Md Sazzad , Mayawa Mostakim
Published: August 2022

The Horseshoe kidney is not uncommon entity with an incidence of 0.25% of general population with increased association of genitourinary anomalies. Horseshoe kidney with single ureter is extremely rare. We report a case of a patient with a Horseshoe kidney with a single ureter with stone that was diagnosed incidentally.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 110-111
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor A Rare Case in Kidney
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Shafiqur , Awal ASM Kutub Uddin , Islam Md Sayedul , Hossain Tohid Mohammad Saiful , Islam Md Saiful
Published: August 2022

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour (IMT) or ‘pseudotumour’ of the kidney is a uncommon benign tumour, common in young adults with unknown etiology. Clinical feature and radiological investigations are usually inconclusive. Often, biopsy is inconclusive required a management similar to that of Renal Cell Cancer (RCC). Diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. We are reporting a case of IMT in a 32-year-old female patient who presented with left flank pain and haematuria which on evaluation was suggestive of left renal cell carcinoma. IMT was confermed by Surgery, histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry.
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 112-115
BAUSCON 2020
Authors: Alam Md Shawkat
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1)
Updates on COVID-19: Virology, Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Transmission and Prevention
Authors: Saba Sumayea Kabir , Khan Farzana , Lamia Samantha , Shahid Md Iqbal , Anika Tahsin , Akhter Selina , Chowdhury Khadizatul Fariha , Arpita Umma Mysha Tannum , Islam Shanta , Momenin Khandaker Amirul , Alam Shahed , Tisha Kanij Fatima , Hossain Md Jamal , Rashid Md Harun Or , Sarker Md Moklesur Rahman
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 is a pandemic malady caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus. It is a global threat that has affected 223 countries and territories all over the world. According to the WHO report as of April 06, 2022 coronavirus has affected 492,189,439 people globally with 6,159,474 confirmed deaths. The pandemic of COVID-19 has badly affected Bangladesh likewise many other countries of the world. According to Worldometer report on 06 April 2022 the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 were 1,951,903 with 29,123 deaths, and 1,886,036 COVID-19 recoveries in Bangladesh. After originating from China, this notorious virus has been spread to almost all the countries of the world. Its spike protein aids in binding with the ACE2 receptors of the cell membrane resulting in cell entry, replication, and induction of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses leading to the pathogenic condition. The novel COVID-19 virus has structural and genetic similarity with its predecessors specially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This review presents the existing literature on COVID-19 and discusses different aspects of COVID-19 including virology, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, transmission and susceptibility and preventive measures of COVID-19.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 143-163, 2022 (July)
Possible Role of Phenolics and Flavonoids in Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Thrombolytic Activities of Eclipta prostata L.
Authors: Rashid Md Harun Or , Das Juthi Rani , Akter Anika , Uddin Jalal , Parvin Naznin , Laboni Farhina Rahman , Sarker Md Moklesur Rahman , Karim Nurul
Published: August 2022

Eclipta prostata (E. prostata) L, is a herbal medicinal plant, which is reported to contain phenolics and flavonoids, but very little is known about its bioactive potentials. In this report, we reexamined the phenols and flavonoid content and evaluated different bioactivities of organic soluble fractions from the shoots of E. prostata for the first time. Among the extractives, chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) possessed the highest content of phenols (156.03 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent /g of dry extract) and flavonoids (67.47 ± 0.56 mg quercetin equivalent /g of dry extract) and exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties in terms of total antioxidant capacity (198.71 ± 0.89 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) and DPPH free radical scavenging ability (IC50; 17.68 ± 0.32 μg/ml). Similarly, CSF showed the highest cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 16.03±0.23 μg/ml, and thrombolytic activity with 36.06 ± 0.39% clot lysis. A significant correlation was observed between flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity (r2 = 0.894, p < 0.05), while high correlation was seen between polyphenols and flavonoid content with free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity (r2 = 0.612 - 0.928). These findings suggest that E. prostata is a precious source of polyphenols having potential bioactivities, which could be utilized for the management of lifestyle diseases.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 164-174, 2022 (July)
Quantitative and Qualitative Estimation of Marketed Naproxen Tablets Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Tanoy , Kawsar Md Hassan , Islam Md Kamrul , Alam Safaet , Islam Mirazul , Hakim Nafla , Hossain Md Jamal
Published: August 2022

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) working as a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor to treat inflammation, pain, fever, and various disease conditions. The current study was conducted to determine and compare several in vitro quality parameters, often commercially available 500 mg naproxen brands available in Bangladesh. According to the existing protocols, different physical parameters such as uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution were determined. A validated UV-visible spectrophotometric approach was used to assess the content uniformity of drug material in the collected brands. All the brands taken for this study complied with the official specifications of physical parameters. These brands contained active ingredients ranging from 91.37% up to 101.18%. On the other hand, two brands (C4 and C8) of naproxen tablets failed to meet the specification of United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), 90-110% of the labeled claim for the 500 mg naproxen tablet. These sub-standard brands possessed only 88.16% and 86.67% naproxen sodium. In conclusion, the current study indicated that eight out of the ten brands complied with quality parameters and can be used correspondingly.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 175-179, 2022 (July)
Evaluation of Antidiarrheal Activity of Leea aequata L. (Family: Vitaceae) in Mice Models
Authors: Bulbul Israt Jahan , Shanta Afifa Parvin , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2022

Diarrhea is one of the most common reasons for why thousands of people die every year particularly in the underdeveloped and developing country. Furthermore, the identification of new antidiarrheal medication sources has become one of the most prominent areas of contemporary study. In addition, the plants of the Leea species are used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhea in different cultures. Considering this background, present study was to look into the antidiarrheal effects of an ethanolic extract of Leea aequata L. leaves in mice. The castor oil induced diarrhea and the small intestinal transit models were utilized in this study to examine the extract's potential antidiarrheal efficacy. The extract was given to the test groups in various quantities (100, 200 mg/kg), whereas positive controls got loperamide (3 mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (10 ml/kg). In a model of diarrhea caused by castor oil, 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly (p<0.01) decreased the total number of bowel movements. The extracts also demonstrate a substantial (p<0.05) reduction in the frequency of wet defecation at all doses. The onset of diarrhea was extended with dose of the extracts which is statistically significant (p<0.001). At higher doses, the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the weight and volume of wet feces. Furthermore, in the charcoal meal test, increasing doses of the extract caused a substantial (p<0.01) reduction in gastrointestinal motility. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phytosterols that may play a key role in its antidiarrheal activity. The results of our study indicate that bioactive compounds are present in ethanolic leaf extract of our plant including significant antidiarrheal activity and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant as a treatment for diarrhea.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 180-187, 2022 (July)
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain among Rural Handloom Weavers in Sirajganj, Bangladesh
Authors: Jamil Safayet , Mukul Md Emdadul Hasan , Bari Quazi Istiaque , Akhter Asma , Hasan Mahdi , Islam Md Monirul , Saha Tanoy , Hossain Md Jamal
Published: August 2022

The loom industry is the traditional industry in Bangladesh. It is situated especially in rural areas. Many weavers are working in the handloom industry. The study aims to determine the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal pain and its associated factors. This study is a cross-sectional study, including openended and close-ended questionnaires. Two hundred fifty (250) handloom weavers have participated in this study. Frequency analysis and Chi-square test were done by R software. A total of 82.4% of weavers have musculoskeletal pain. Among them, 50% have lower back pain, 48.4% have shoulder pain, and 46.4% have knee pain. Some factors are associated with those pain. Age of respondents and number of working days are associated with lower back pain and shoulder pain. Only age is associated with thigh, ankle and elbow pain. Types of treatment that weavers have taken are associated with arm pain. The weavers with musculoskeletal pain are mostly illiterate and have not taken physical exercise. Notably, 67.2% of weavers have taken treatment, and 21.6% of the participants reported that they have improved upon the treatment. Among those who have taken treatment, only 21.6% of weavers have got improved. As the highest portion of weavers has musculoskeletal, proper knowledge should be implemented for them and need to improve their quality of life. Bangladesh government and any Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) or institutions should implement consciousness about musculoskeletal pain.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 188-198, 2022 (July)
A Study on the Prescription Trend of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Major Divisions of Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur , Sultana Jesmin , Jahan Afsana , Saifuddin Mohammad , Reza Md Selim
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate the prescription pattern of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in association with patients’ age, gender and type of hospital visited (government or private), location of the hospital and doctors’ specialty in major divisions of Bangladesh. The secondary objective of this study was to analyze the current market size, share and growth of PPIs in the antiulcer drug market. A crosssectional survey of drug prescriptions was done at hospitals and clinics (private practices) between April 2021 to June 2021 of 7 divisions in Bangladesh. A total of 386 prescriptions, containing 2354 medicines, from 21 districts/areas of 7 divisions in Bangladesh were reviewed to determine the trend of prescribing PPIs. Market data of PPIs were collected from a secondary source (IQVIA). The data collected from the survey were tabulated, analyzed and graphically presented using Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Collected data were entered into the SPSS19.0 statistical software “R” and analyzed. Prescribed antiulcer drugs included Esomeprazole (70.2%), Rabeprazole (7.8%), Omeprazole (4.7%), Dexlansoprazole (4.4%), Pantoprazole (3.1%), and Lansoprazole (0.3%); and 9.3% of collected prescriptions had no anti-ulcerant. There was no association between gender and PPIs prescribed, nor across the type of hospital visited. Only the regression coefficient relating to the patient's age is statistically significant (β=0.01, p<0.05) in overall drug consumption. Along with nonspecific explanations, there were twelve specific reasons for prescribing antiulcer drug generics where the majority of the cases were attributed to NSAID-induced acidity (36%).
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 209-217, 2022 (July)
New Drug Approvals Vol. 25(2)
Authors: Rashid Md Abdur
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 229-230, 2022 (July)
New Indications & Dosage Forms for Existing Drugs Vol. 25(2)
Authors: Rashid Md Abdur
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 231-234, 2022 (July)
Current Herbal News Vol. 25(2)
Authors: Rashid Md Abdur
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 236, 2022 (July)
Nıcholas Of Cusa Düşüncesinde ‘Öteki’nin Konumu -Felsefi Bir İnceleme-
Authors: TOPALOĞLU Fatih
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışma, gerek farklı dinler arasında gerekse de büyük dinlerin kendi içerisinde siyasal, sosyal, kültürel ve dini çatışmaların çokça yaşandığı bir dönem olan Orta Çağ’da ötekine yönelik farklı bir anlama çabasını incelemek üzere yapılmıştır. Bu çaba, erken dönem Rönesans’ının önemli isimlerinden olan Nicholas of Cusa tarafından ortaya konulmuştur. Yaşadığı dönemde papalık bünyesinde aldığı önemli vazifelerin yanında akademik çalışmalarıyla da etkili olan Cusa, hümanist, reformist ve uzlaşı taraftarı bir figür olarak öne çıkmıştır. Cusa’nın tarihi, teolojik bağlamları içerisinde farklı çalışmalara konu olan bu yönü, bu çalışmada, felsefi arka planı açısından değerlendirilecektir. Bu çalışmanın temel tezi, Cusa’nın dünya görüşünde belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkan birleştirici tutumun arkasında düşünsel bir birikimin bulunduğudur. Bu birikim, felsefi temelini Platon felsefesi ve onun diyalektik yönteminden almaktadır.
PENINGKATAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) DENGAN PENGUATAN LEARNING ORGANIZATION (LO) DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH
Authors: Astuti Yohana Erna Yani , Hidayat Rais , Wulandari Farida
Published: August 2022

IMPROVING  TEACHER  ORGANIZATIONAL  CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR  BY  STRENGTENING OF LEARNING  ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIPThis study is intended   to empirically determining the relationship between  Strengthening of Learning Organization and Principal Transformational Leadership towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The population in this study were permanent teachers of the Private Junior High Schools foundations accredited A, in Central Bogor Distric, Bogor City. There were 102 teachers who were taken by porpotional random sampling. The method using was  correlational method. The hypothesis testing was carried out using parametic statistical analysis in the form of simple and multiple   linear,   regression analysis, simple and multiple correlation analysis where the significant levels of α = 0,05  and  0,01.  This  research  resulted  in  four  conclutions and  followed  by  the SITOREM analysis stage. Firstly, there was very significant possitive corellation between the Strengthening of the Learning Organization and   the OCB. It was indicated by the corellation coefficient ry1=0,522, supported by the regression equation Ŷ = 60,9380+ 0,4019X1 and the determination coefficient r2y=0,2724. Secondly,  there  was  very  significant  possitive  corellation  between  principal transformational  leadership  and  the OCB. It was indicated by the corellation coefficient  ry1=0,493,  supported  by  the  regression  equation  Ŷ  =  63,8397  + 0.4146X2,  and the determination coefficient r2y=0,2430. Thirdly, there was very significant   possitive   corellation   between   both   strengthening   of   Learning Organization and principal transformational   leadership   towards   the OCB. It was indicated by the corellation coefficient ry.12=0,541, supported by the regression equation Ŷ = 54,4963 + 0.2698X1 + 0.1870X2, and the determination coefficient r2y=0,2927. Fourthly, OCB could be improved by strengthening the Learning Organization and principal transformational    leadership, both separately or altogether. It  can be concluded that OCB can be improved by strengthening   Learning   Organization   and   principal   transformational leadership. The results of the SITOREM analysis ftgured out that the components of strengthening  of  learning  organization,  principal  transformational  leadership, and OCB were gaining 13 good indicators that they could be maintained, which were: (1) Mental Models, (2) Inspirational Motivation, (3) Intellectual Stimulation, (4) Concientousness, (5).Personal Mastery, (6) Sportmanship, (7) Systemic Thinking, (8)  Contingen  Reward, (9)  Idealized  Influence,  (10)  Courtesy,  (11) Teams  Learning,  (12) Shared  Vision,  (13)  Individualized Consideration. Meanwhile, there were 2 indicators those were still needed to be improved, namely: (1) Altruisme and (2) Civic Virtue,
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS GURU MELALUI MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI
Authors: Sumarni Ani , Entang Muhamad , Patras Yuyun Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

INCREASING TEACHER CREATIVITY THROUGH ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURETeachers are required to be creative in developing learning activity. This study aimed to find out how teacher creativity has strongly relationships with the achievement motivation and organizational culture. This study was conducted on 134 samples of foundation permanent teachers (GTY) of Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools. They were selected proportionally by using proportional random sampling techniques spread across 9 schools in Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City with a significance level of 0.05. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with correlation techniques. The findings of this study, namely: (1) There was a positive relationship with the level of a strong relationship on achievement motivation (X1) with teacher creativity (Y) with a correlation coefficient (ry1) of 0.7836 and a regression equation Ŷ = 32.539 + 0.730X1; (2) There was a positive relationship with the level of strong relationship in organizational culture (X2) with teacher creativity (Y) with a correlation coefficient (ry2) of 0.6100 and a regression equation Ŷ = 51.915+ 0.520X2; and (3) There was a positive relationship with the level a very strong of relationship in achievement motivation (X1) and organizational culture (X2) together with teacher creativity (Y) with a correlation coefficient (ry12) of 0.8232 and a regression equation Ŷ = 14.787 + 0.594X1 + 0,248X2. Based on these findings, teacher creativity can be enhanced by increasing teacher achievement motivation and school organizational culture as well.
DETERMINANTS OF PREGNANCY ANEMIA IN SEWENA DISTRICT EAST BALE ZONE SOUTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA, 2021
Authors: Gebru Tilaye
Published: August 2022

Background: Pregnant women's anemia is one of the most common public health issues in developing countries, including Ethiopia. According to a WHO report from 2014, anemia affects approximately 56 million pregnant women worldwide. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was used on 343 pregnant women. Data was gathered using a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The strength of the association was measured using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared using a P-value < 0.05. Results: Consumption of tea immediately after meal (AOR: 6.523, 95 % CI :1.314-32.377), prolonged menstrual bleeding >8 days (AOR:7.052 95 % CI:(2.107-23.608), undernutrition AOR: 0.277 95% CI :(083,920) and maternal age 20-30 years (AOR: 6.279 95 % CI :1.190-33.147) were determinants of Anemia.