bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The infrastructural context of the school as a factor in lowering students' academic results: municipal aspect
Authors: Baranova Natalia
Published: June 2023

Creating conditions for improving the quality of general education is seen as one of the targets of the state educational agenda, actualizing research into the causes of declining academic success of schoolchildren under the strategy of providing equal educational opportunities. The search for mechanisms of leveling the negative factors influencing the academic success of schoolchildren, especially in those educational organizations, the students of which have been demonstrating low results in independent evaluation procedures for several years, is of great importance. The article includes a summary of theoretical concepts and lines of research on inequality of educational potential and factors of low academic pupils’ results of Russian and foreign scientists. The study of the qualitative education conditions tries to connect the factors "Territorial location of the school", "Infrastructural equipment of the educational process" and the academic results of students of secondary school, categorized as schools with low educational results through independent evaluation procedures. Based on the analysis of federal and regional statistical observation data, the study of equal conditions for general education in "basic", "moderately" and "highly" underachieving schools located in Irkutsk. The hypothesis about the relevance of the degree of impact of the factor of school location in relation to the city center on the educational results of students has not been confirmed. The nonlinearity of the relationship between the degree of failure of students and the level of material and technical provision of the educational process with both modern equipment and specialized spaces for practical classes in academic subjects, which can become triggers for further decline in the performance of educational programs, was recorded.
The evolution of the Pridnestrovian identity in the context of the unresolved conflict with the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Babchenko Marina
Published: June 2023

The construction of the Pridnestrovian political nation is carried out both naturally and through a purposeful state policy on nation-building. The identity of the modern Pridnestrovian state was formed initially on anti-nationalist principles, in contrast to the identity of the Republic of Moldova, on the basis of late Soviet internationalism, as well as a successor republic of the MASSR, but over time it began to transform, there was a departure from Soviet principles in favor of self-sufficiency and irreducibility to any models. In many ways, this was facilitated by the position of Pridnestrovian political and scientific elites looking for sources of their own statehood in the identity of the Pridnestrovian people. To date, a system has been created in Pridnestrovie that ensures the retransmission of values and meanings among the population, it includes society and government institutions, as well as civil society institutions.
At the same time, the development of civil and political identity leads to a complication of the dialogue between the PMR and the RM. In the conditions of a multidirectional geopolitical choice, the application of the Pridnestrovian model for Moldova turns out to be impossible, since the Republic of Moldova has not abandoned the national model of the state. The spread of the Pridnestrovian multiethnic model in Moldovan society and politics can be perceived as interference in internal affairs and forced Russification. The author suggests not to confuse concepts when talking about the identity of the population – not to confuse the political discourse and ideology of the state with the identity that has naturally formed over the centuries, based on multiethnicity, peacefulness and attraction to the Russian world. The political ideology of the modern Pridnestrovian state is directed towards the future and has a political goal – independence, identity connects the people with its origins, in this case with the past, in which Russia's special role in the development of the region is noticeable.
Evaluating Inventory Management Performance as Measured by Inventory Management Efficiency
Authors:   IAGBT, Kim Gil-Whan
Published: June 2023

Purpose - To measure inventory management performance, we aim to develop a new indicator from which the random variation factor is eliminated. To this end, we propose inventory management efficiency (IME) as a novel metric to which technical efficiency is applied.
Design/Methodology/Approach - To properly define IME,we established an inventory turnover function for which the multiplicative model represents the relationship between inventory turnover and its determinants, such as gross margin, capital intensity, and sales surprise, as suggested by Gaur et al. (2005). In addition, based on empirical results and the form of the inventory turnover function, we examine in detail whether the inventory turnover function is well- defined. We then examined the validity of the research model with the inefficiency term, which is a one-sided error, and investigated whether the inventory management inefficiency term exists statistically.
Findings - The inventory turnover function suggested in this study is a well-defined function, and IME is an appropriately defined indicator for measuring inventory management performance. Moreover, the actual inventory turnover is determined on average at a level that is less than the maximum inventory turnover expected from the determinants of inventory turnover.
Research Implications - IME can be utilized as a newly applicable indicator for evaluating inventory management.
Legal basis of the digital economy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander A. , Kuznetsov Pavel A. , Kuzmenko Ella Y.
Published: June 2023

Topical issues related to the development of a digital society and the digitalization of the modern system of financial and economic activities, which led to the need for the formation and implementation of regulatory legal acts in the field of the digital economy, are revealed. The digital economy is an important component of the fourth industrial revolution. The authors set themselves the goal of considering digital technologies and new digital opportunities that have begun to appear among business entities, public authorities and administrations, as well as consumers of goods, works and services. New business models are emerging, intangible assets are being formed based on the use of big data technology. The main source of cost formation is high-speed processing of huge data arrays. All this requires certain legal regulation. General scientific and special legal methods were used as research methods. The main attention was paid to the method of analysis. The study found that basically the issues of the legal basis of the digital economy are aimed at resolving the economic security of digital platforms of the individual, business and the state in the digital economy. They are related to the protection of personal data, digital identity, protection of e-commerce, online security, financial and economic activities, etc. Of course, not all issues of the digital economy are regulated by law, which is the basis for the formation of a scientific and practical basis for analysis and legislative initiatives.
Theoretical and regulatory foundations of the concept and essence of public control in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ushakov Anton V.
Published: June 2023

We consider such a dynamically developing institution as public control, an attempt has been made to generalize various scientific approaches to its definition in conjunction with the analysis of the regulatory foundation, including the one fixed at the level of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The relevance of chosen topic and the degree of its scientific development are revealed. The importance of public control in the context of democracy is substantiated. During the analysis of theoretical views on the definition of public control, a variety of views on its concept is noted, which, despite some differences in focusing on certain nuances, are largely similar in determining the very essence of this legal institution. At the same time, it is impossible to deny the existence of problems within the framework of legal regulation of this type of control, which is manifested in its unsystematic nature. It is concluded that the regulatory framework of public control began to form long before the adoption of a special legislative act in 2014, and at the moment the essence of public control, its goals, principles, tasks, and main subjects are defined at the legislative level. The existing legal framework of public control creates a solid basis for its implementation, at the same time, the procedures for conducting public control are not without drawbacks and require additional legal regulation that meets modern realities.
Cranioplasty with autograft and bone grafting material: a clinical case study
Authors: Ofitserov A. A. , Borovkova N. V. , Talypov A. E. , Makarov M. S. , Titova G. P. , Kudryashova N. E. , Leshchinskaya O. V. , Muslimov R. Sh. , Ponomarev I. N.
Published: June 2023

A clinical study of the effectiveness of delayed cranioplasty with an autologous bone flap using allogenic bone grafting material was performed. The autograft was preserved, saturated with human collagen type 1, lyophilized and sterilized. Bone-plastic material was used to fill diastases. The patient was followed up in the postoperative period for 24 months. No clinical complications were registered. Radiological and radioisotope analysis showed normal fixation of the autograft after 6, 12 and 24 months. Biopsy analysis after 12 months showed the presence of regenerative processes in the absence of inflammation. The clinical result was assessed as successful.
Modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with meniscus injuries (literature review)
Authors: Kotel'nikov G. P. , Gaziev K. E. , Kim Yu. D. , Zuev-Ratnikov S. D.
Published: June 2023

To date, arthroscopy is a universal method of diagnosis and treatment of the knee joint. Thanks to arthroscopic visualization, it made it possible to subdivide meniscal ruptures into their morphological types, such as horizontal rupture, longitudinal rupture, radial rupture, watering can handle-type rupture, meniscus root rupture. However, operations that are performed due to meniscus damage are among the most frequent in traumatology and orthopedics. The main and most commonly performed types of arthroscopic operations for meniscal damage are partial resection and reconstruction of menisci by suturing. Currently, the most modern concept is the surgical treatment of meniscal injuries, not only taking into account the morphological type of ruptures, but also the regenerative ability of menisci with the allocation of blood supply zones. At the same time, specialists, even with general information about the anatomy of menisci, morphology of ruptures, diagnostic methods and complications, do not have a common opinion about modern methods of surgical treatment of meniscus ruptures. Therefore, we decided to analyze the data of modern literature and find out what modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with meniscus ruptures exist. Our goal is to introduce readers to modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with meniscus ruptures. In the presented literature review, based on scientific data over the past 10 years from scientific databases NCBI Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Healio Orthopedics, Medline, such methods of surgical treatment of menisci as partial resection, reconstruction of menisci using techniques outside-in, inside-out, everything inside, including using a self-regulating fixator are highlighted, as well as an approach to surgical treatment of meniscus root rupture.
Bacteriemias Recorrentes após Escleroterapia de Varizes Ectópicas Duodenais com Cianoacrilato
Authors: Martins Mendes Teresa , Fonseca Teresa , Pereira Anjos Diana
Published: June 2023

A escleroterapia com N-butil-2-cianoacrilato é a abordagem endoscópica de primeira linha nas hemorragias por varizes gástricas ou ectópicas, podendo estar associada a complicações locais ou sistémicas. São frequentes situações de bacteriemia transitória após o procedimento, mas são raros os casos documentados de bacteriemias recorrentes. O caso relata uma doente de 47 anos com cirrose hepática submetida a esclerose de varizes duodenais com cianoacrilato após hemorragia digestiva alta. Posteriormente, desenvolveu cinco episódios de bacteriémia sem foco evidente. O diagnóstico definitivo de bacteriemias recorrentes com ponto de partida no cianoacrilato só foi possível após estudo exaustivo para excluir outros focos infeciosos. Este caso evidencia uma complicação rara, numa topografia também incomum (varizes ectópicas) e com um elevado número de episódios de bacteriémia. Destaca-se a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para gerir esta doente, tendo em conta as comorbilidades, o elevado risco anestésico e a agressividade cirúrgica para extração do foco infecioso.
Analysis of the Correlation between Male Hair Cutting Technique and Hair Designer Job Efficiency
Authors: Park Jang-Soon
Published: June 2023

Purpose: In this trend of modern society, the number of hair salons, barber shops, and men's cut specialty stores is increasing, but the job satisfaction of hair designers is negatively affected due to the increased number of customers and the decrease in job efficiency. Research on job techniques to be supplemented is needed.Methods: In order to study the effect and correlation of various cutting techniques such as cut out, cut between finger, shingling cut, push to cut, and check cut used in hair beauty industry practice on the job efficiency of hair designers, barber shop called LeeYongWon, in the southern region of Gyeonggi-do in 2022, barber shops, men's haircut shops, hair salons, etc. The survey was conducted targeting directors and hair designer employees, and analyzed using the statistical package program SPSS 21.0.Results: Among the cutting techniques used, the push to cut technique and shingling cut technique were found to induce effective reflection of hair designers in practice, and the cut between finger's technique, shingling cut technique, check cut technique were found to induce an increase in job satisfaction of hair designers.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is possible to seek the promotion of hair designers' self-esteem and efficient job skills, and it is considered that they will provide basic data for the subsequent development of future cutting techniques.
Bioactivity and quantum chemical calculations оf a new coumarine derivative as a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancer substance
Authors: Koparir Pelin
Published: June 2023

4-(((4-Ethyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)methyl)-7-methyl-coumarin was synthesized, and its characterization was done with quantum chemical calculations and spectral techniques. The density functional method (B3LYP) with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used to calculate the molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and gauge, including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C-NMR chemical shift values of the title compound in the ground state. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and chemical shift values agree well with the experimental results. DFT calculations of the density of states (DOS) and frontier molecular orbitals of the title compound were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. In the present study, biological activities and molecular docking studies of this triazole ring containing coumarin derivative compound were carried out. Interactions with important residues in active sites were detected in molecular docking studies. In addition, in vitro analysis has shown that anti-microorganism activity is especially effective against bacterial organisms such as E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, and fungal organisms such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis. Also, the antioxidant capacity of the test compound was investigated by oxidative stress index (OSI) and radical scavenging power (DPPH.), and its antioxidant potential was found. In addition, it was determined by in vitro anticancer and SDS-PAGE analysis that the test compound does not cause a detrimental cytotoxic effect on healthy cell cultures such as HUVEC and has the potential for anticarcinogenic activity on MCF-7 and MKN-45 cancerous cell cultures.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of beta-blockers atenolol and bisoprolol fumarate residues in Senegal natural waters
Authors: Gueye Coumba , Diaw Pape Abdoulaye , Mbaye Moussa , Mbaye Olivier Maurice Aly , Cissé Lamine , Gaye Seye Diabou , Aaron Jean-Jacques , Oturan Nihal , Oturan Mehmet
Published: June 2023

A spectrofluorimetric method was developed to determine residues of two β-blockers, atenolol (AT) and bisoprolol fumarate (BF), in Senegal's natural waters. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectral properties of both β-blockers were investigated in several organic solvent mixtures [e.g., MeOH/H2O (60/40 v/v), cyclodextrins (β-cyclodextrin, HP-β-CD], and in the presence of surfactants (SDS, Triton X, Tween 80). After optimization, satisfactory analytical figures of merit were obtained for the determination of both β-blockers: concentration linear dynamic range of over one to two orders of magnitude, limits of detection (LODs) from 1.3 to 5.4 ng/ml for BF and from 1.2 to 3.7 ng/ml for AT, limits of quantification (LOQs) from 4.5 to 18.1 ng/ml for BF and from 4.0 to 12.5 ng/ml for AT. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 2.1 and 5.3 %, according to the β-blockers. The spectrofluorimetric method was applied to the analysis of fortified river water and wastewater (effluent) collected in Senegal and France and spiked with both β-blockers. It yielded good recovery values, from 93.3 to 107.8 % for AT and from 97.4 to 108.9 % for BF. Our results demonstrated the simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity of the spectrofluorimetric method to quantify residues of β-blockers in environmental waters.
Secondary surgeries after replantation
Authors: Mujadzic Muamer Mirza , Prsic Adnan
Published: June 2023

Although digit replantation techniques and indications have evolved over time, resulting in improved overall outcomes, achieving ideal functional recovery remains a challenge. Secondary surgeries for replanted digits can be divided temporally into early- (weeks to months) and late-stage (months to years) procedures, with skin-coverage procedures being the most common in the early period and tenolysis being the most common procedures in the late postoperative stage. This article reviews the most common procedures, including available literature on secondary replant procedures involving nerve, tendon, bone, joint, and skin procedures. However, further larger-scale studies are necessary to establish clear guidelines regarding both postoperative protocols and indications for secondary surgery.
Breaking free: endocytosis and endosomal escape of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Ribovski L. , Joshi B. S. , Gao J. , Zuhorn I.S.
Published: June 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural micro-/nanoparticles that play an important role in intercellular communication. They are secreted by producer/donor cells and subsequent uptake by recipient/acceptor cells may result in phenotypic changes in these cells due to the delivery of cargo molecules, including lipids, RNA, and proteins. The process of endocytosis is widely described as the main mechanism responsible for cellular uptake of EVs, with endosomal escape of cargo molecules being a necessity for the functional delivery of EV cargo. Equivalent to synthetic micro-/nanoparticles, the properties of EVs, such as size and composition, together with environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and extracellular fluid composition, codetermine the interactions of EVs with cells, from binding to uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cargo release. Innovative assays for detection and quantification of the different steps in the EV formation and EV-mediated cargo delivery process have provided valuable insight into the biogenesis and cellular processing of EVs and their cargo, revealing the occurrence of EV recycling and degradation, next to functional cargo delivery, with the back fusion of the EV with the endosomal membrane standing out as a common cargo release pathway. In view of the significant potential for developing EVs as drug delivery systems, this review discusses the interaction of EVs with biological membranes en route to cargo delivery, highlighting the reported techniques for studying EV internalization and intracellular trafficking, EV-membrane fusion, endosomal permeabilization, and cargo delivery, including functional delivery of RNA cargo.
Hair-compatible sponge electrodes integrated on VR headset for electroencephalography
Authors: Li Hongbian , Shin Hyonyoung , Zhang Minsu , Yu Andrew , Huh Heeyong , Kwon Gubeum , Riveira Nicholas , Kim Sangjun , Gangopadahyay Susmita , Peng Jessie , Li Zhengjie , Rao Yifan , Sentis Luis , Millán Jośe del R. , Lu Nanshu
Published: June 2023

Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising tool for brain-computer interaction and neuroscience research due to its ability to provide immersive and interactive experiences for its users. As a powerful tool to noninvasively monitor the cortex, electroencephalography (EEG) combined with VR represents an exciting opportunity for the measurement of brain activity during these experiences, providing insight into cognitive and neural processes. However, traditional gel-based EEG sensors are not compatible with VR headsets, and most emerging VR-EEG headsets utilizing rigid comb electrodes are uncomfortable after prolonged wear. To address this limitation, we created soft, porous, and hair-compatible sponge electrodes based on conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate/melamine (PMA) and integrated them onto a VR headset through a customized, flexible circuit for multichannel EEG during VR task performing. Our PMA sponge electrodes can deform to make contact with the scalp skin through hairs under the pressure naturally applied by the strap of the VR headset. The specific contact impedance was consistently below 80 kΩ·cm2, even at hairy sites. We demonstrated the capability of our VR-EEG headset by recording alpha rhythms during eye closure at both hairless and hairy sites. In another demonstration, we developed a VR task to evoke the contingent negative variation potential and achieved a classification accuracy of 0.66 ± 0.07, represented by the cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our sponge-electrode-integrated VR headset is user-friendly and easy to set up, marking a step toward future reliable, comfortable, and reusable VR-EEG technology.
ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS OF A MULTIPURPOSE AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE WITH COMPLEX MOTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Bouraou Nadiia , Gurynenko Stanislav
Published: June 2023

The overview article is devoted to the analysis of control systems of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles, which belong to robotic underwater complexes and are used to provide search and deep-sea emergency and rescue operations, survey of various underwater objects (main pipelines, bottom structures, ship hulls, etc.), conducting scientific oceanographic surveys research, monitoring of the marine environment. The work examines scientific literary sources, which provide the results of development and research of orientation, navigation and motion control systems of multi-purpose autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles with complex movement dynamics, in particular when performing missions in a limited space with movement along complex trajectories. Special attention is focused on such modes of movement of devices as trajectory tracking, path-following and way point tracking. An analysis of the means of navigation and control, which can be used to ensure different modes of movement, was carried out, as well as the directions of development of both the unmanned underwater vehicles themselves and their control systems were considered.

In order to substantiate the development of a control system for a multi-purpose maneuverable mini-class autonomous vehicle, the main requirements are formulated. It is proposed to conduct a synthesis and research of the control system based on the simulation of the dynamics of the movement of the mini-vehicle for different modes of movement in terms of parameters and trajectories, to develop algorithms for the adaptive control of the vehicle, to improve the system orientation and navigation, built on the basis of MEMS sensors. An information model of the development process is proposed and substantiated, which specifies the sequence of determining important parameters and characteristics of the vehicle and performing important stages of synthesis and analysis of the control system.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MULTI-VECTOR RAYTRACING IN ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTORS
Authors: Poluektov Serhii , Bezugla Natalia , Kurowska-Wilczyńska Kinga , Bezuglyi Mikhail
Published: June 2023

Due to two focuses, ellipsoidal reflectors are unique reflective optical elements that allow conjugate imaging in two focal planes within their inner cavity. Such reflectors are used in various devices, such as lens telescopes, to achieve high resolution. They have found applications in microscope optical systems to increase the depth of field. They are used in scientific instruments, such as laser systems, to ensure the laser beam's high accuracy and stability. Despite their advantages, the non-spherical shape of ellipsoidal reflectors also introduces drawbacks in the form of errors arising from raytracing on the side surface. It complicates aberration analysis and necessitates specialized software for multi-vector ray tracing. Considering the deviations in the coordinates of the intersections between rays and the second focal plane allows for optimizing the reflector design to achieve maximum efficiency. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the efficiency of the aberration analysis of ellipsoidal reflectors by developing principles and informational tools for multi-vector ray tracing.

The article presents the results of developing an information system for multi-vector analysis in ellipsoidal reflectors. The developed multi-vector algorithm enables selecting tracing modes, tuning launch parameters, and setting the step size for launching rays. The specialized software features for single- and multi-vector raytracing in an ellipsoidal reflector are presented. The side surface of the ellipsoid is the object under study. The software provides the capability to realize different methods of multi-vector ray tracing, such as radius-based, diameter-based, and partial radius-based, for different types of tasks, thereby expanding the possibilities for visualizing the simulation results.

Based on the multi-vector aberration analysis of the side surface of the ellipsoidal reflector, the center coordinates and root mean square deviations were obtained for different reflection acts when changing the zenith angle of tracing. The influence of zenith angles on coordinate variations was assessed, which can be realized in selecting parameters for ellipsoidal reflectors and designing the optical system of photometers for various purposes. It can also aid in developing additional means to compensate for aberrations or modify the reflector's side surface shape.
Main determinants of the fruits consumed by diabetic patients managed at the Antidiabetic Center of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: YAPO Béda Frank , DOUE Ginette Gladys , GBAKAYORO Jean-Brice , DAKIA Patrick Aubin , BROU Kouakou
Published: June 2023

Fruit, commonly eaten raw, contains contain some nutrients good for diabetics health. Since most fruits taste sweet, it was interesting to investigate the dietary behaviour of diabetics towards fruits in the main diabetic center in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Of a total of 846 patients surveyed of the antidiabetic center in Abidjan, 73.3% awared of the health benefits of fruit for diabetics. 48.5%, awared fruit contained free sugar considered harmful for them. Regarding frequency and fruit, 29.8% of them consumed at least one fruit one or two days and 62.2% preferred to consume whole fruits rather than fruit juices (9.7%) while almost half (44.6%) consumed them much more after the meal. As for their amount, the majority of respondents consumed an average of 1 (20.57%) or 2 (69.50%) pieces of fruit at each intake and paid attention to their degree of ripeness (58%). The most consumed fruits were orange (61.5%), apple (57.4%), sweet banana (46.1%), papaya (39.6%), and mango (29.6%), contained between 2.21 and 9.02% total free sugars and between 0.52 and 1.33% total fiber. A large proportion of diabetic patients regularly consumed them at ripe (37.1%) or very ripe (32.7%) stage, ingesting a significant amount of fast sugar. Fruit consumption should be promoted to diabetics to enable them making more healthy choices.
An analytical solution for fluid flow against valve closure in a long pipeline
Authors: Pistiner Arieh
Published: June 2023

In this study, we examine the situation at which a valve is closed against fluid flow in a long pipeline. The solution here obtained shows that the closure of the valve divided the flow region in the pipeline into several zones. Each zone is separated from the other one by two moving boundaries. One boundary is the upstream moving boundary, and the other one is the downstream moving boundary. The dependence between the closing rate of the valves and the number of flow zones, that are created in the pipeline, was also presented. In addition to this, a calibration method that uses the above-mentioned dependency was presented.
Research on Pilot Control Strategy and Workload for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Conversion Procedure
Authors: Yan Xufei , Yuan Ye , Chen Renliang
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the pilot control strategy and workload of tilt-rotor aircraft dynamic conversion procedure between helicopter mode and fixed-wing mode. A nonlinear flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft with full flight modes is established. On this basis, a nonlinear optimal control model of dynamic conversion is constructed, considering factors such as conversion corridor limitations, pilot control, flight attitude, engine rated power, and wing stall effects. To assess pilot workload, an analytical method based on wavelet transform is proposed, which examines the mapping relationship between pilot control input's amplitude, constituent frequencies, and control tasks. By integrating the nonlinear optimal control model and the pilot workload evaluation method, the analysis of pilot control strategy and workload during the conversion procedure is conducted, leading to the identification of strategies to reduce pilot workload. The results indicate that incorporating the item of pilot workload in the performance index results in a notable reduction in the magnitude of collective stick inputs and longitudinal stick inputs. Moreover, it facilitates smoother adjustments in altitude and pitch attitude. Additionally, the conversion of the engine nacelle can be achieved at a lower and constant angular velocity. In summary, the conversion and reconversion procedures are estimated to have a low workload (Level 1 ~ Level 2), with relatively simple and easy manipulation for the pilot.
Tunnel Three-Direction Deformation Monitoring and Estimation using Long-gauge Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Li Ruixiao , Yuan Huijun , Zhong Huarong
Published: June 2023

Deformation monitoring is beneficial to ensure the service safety of long tunnel. An three-direction (vertical, transverse and axial) deformation estimation method using long-gauge fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology is proposed and applied to a long tunnel by integrating mechanical analysis and field monitoring during the service state. The key issues of the proposed method for identifying the three-direction deformation are discussed, such as establishing the separation model of coupling strain on cross section, deriving the theory of deformation identification in three directions, and determining the sensor layout of the long tunnel. A major advantage of the proposed method is that the three-direction deformation of the tunnel can be monitored in real time using distributed long-gauge strain sensors. The numerical analysis and field test results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
A Study on the Experiences of Teachers in Inclusive Education, Educating Children With Disabilities From Multicultural Families in Korea
Authors: Kim Keoungyeol
Published: June 2023

This paper uses a qualitative case study to investigate the experiences of Korean special education teachers who instruct children with disabilities from multicultural families. Through a purposive sampling method, study participants were chosen from a pool of individuals that the Korean multicultural support center recommended. These individuals are special teachers who are currently teaching children with disabilities from multicultural families. The qualitative case study approach used in this study seeks to elicit the participants’ experiences of teaching their students with special needs. The teachers’ experiences were analyzed and categorized into two main categories: 1) a mother's lack of Korean linguistic ability and 2) governmental and societal support for multicultural special education. Additionally, results also produced four sub-categories and seventeen minor categories. Such analyses lead to a greater understanding of the intricacies of educating children with special needs. Lastly, the implications of this study provide direction for future policy--including social welfare and educational support—that will meet the needs of multicultural families raising children with disabilities.
Monitoring of Joint Gap Formation in Laser Beam Butt Welding by Neural Network-Based Acoustic Emission Analysis
Authors: Gourishetti Saichand , Schmidt Leander , Römer Florian , Schricker Klaus , Kodera Sayako , Böttger David , Krüger Tanja , Kátai András , Bös Joachim , Strass Benjamin , Wolter Bernd , Bergmann Jean Pierre
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using airborne acoustic emission in laser beam butt welding for the development of an automated classification system based on neural networks. The focus was on monitoring the formation of joint gaps during the welding process. To simulate various sizes of butt joint gaps, controlled welding experiments were conducted, and the emitted acoustic signals were captured using audible to ultrasonic microphones. To implement an automated monitoring system, a method based on short-time Fourier transformation was developed to extract audio features, and a convolutional neural network architecture with data augmentation was utilized. The results demonstrated that this non-destructive and non-invasive approach was highly effective in detecting joint gap formations, achieving an accuracy of 98%. Furthermore, the system exhibited promising potential for low latency monitoring of the welding process. The classification accuracy for various gap sizes reached up to 90%, providing valuable insights for characterizing and categorizing joint gaps accurately. Additionally, increasing the quantity of training data with quality annotations could potentially improve the classifier model's performance further. This suggests that there is room for future enhancements in the study.
Economic and Performance Appraisal of Efficient Water Management Schemes: A Case Study in Hunza
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad Mudassar , Ali Ajaz , Parasad Madhav Dhakal , Shrestha Arun Bhakhta , Shah Ghulam Muhammad , Karim Fazal
Published: June 2023

Glacial meltwater has been lifeline of agriculture in Gilgit-Baltistan for centuries which is being effected by the climatic changes and associated challenges. The government line institutions and development agencies have been investing to sustain and further extend the cultivated areas by leveraging the available glacial meltwater source. However, approximately 13% arable land, laying mainly along river banks, has limited access to glacial meltwater. Moreover, already cultivated areas also need alternate and sustainable irrigation water supplies to insurefood security. Hence, there is need to explore more potential options to address these challenges and bringing arable land under irrigation for regional prosperity and environmental gains. The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and its partners piloted solutions for aforementioned issues in Gojal, District Hunza. These solutions included river water lifting through solar and Hydraulic Ram Pumps, uphill water storages and application through drip irrigation systems. In order to assess the technical and economical viabilities of these piloted systems, a semi-structured questionnaire survey, field observation visits to collect data and economic assessment studies were carried out in Morkhun and Khyber. Both piloted systems have been proven as climate resilient, adaptable, environment friendly and economically viable. The cost to benefit ratio for solar powered drip irrigation and Hydraulic Ram Pump drip irrigation systems are 2.96 and 4.21 respectively, with payback period of 9.21 and 8.25 years respectively. The drip irrigation systems at Khyber and Morkhun sites have exhibited excellent hydraulic performance with Coefficient of Uniformity 92.61 and 93 % respectively. However, the field application efficiency of drip irrigation systems estimated for Khyber and Morkhun sites are 85.24 and 88.88% which are lower than the optimal value mainly due to lesser water holding capacity. The Hydraulic Ram Pump can lift four times more water to greater height, while comparing to solar pump of approximately similar capacity and higher capital costs. Both water lifting systems have some limitations and requires local customization for sustainable use.
Optical Immunosensors for Bacteria Detection in Food Matrices
Authors: Kourti Dimitra , Angelopoulou Michailia , Petrou Panagiota , Kakabakos Sotirios
Published: June 2023

Optical immunosensors are one of the most popular category of immunosensors with applications in many fields including diagnostics, environmental and food analysis. The latter field is of particular interest not only for the scientists but also for the regulatory authorities and the public since food is essential for life but can be also the source of many health problems. In this context, the current review aims to provide an overview of the different types of optical immunosensors focusing onto their application for the determination of pathogenic bacteria in food samples. In particular, after the description of main optical transduction techniques, their implementation for the immunochemical determination of bacteria will be discussed. Finally, a short commentary about the future trends in optical immunosensors for food safety applications will be provided.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Different Heights Buildings in Close Proximity
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Dudkiewicz Edyta , Spodyniuk Nadiia , Dovbush Oleksandr , Sukholova Iryna , Savchenko Olena , Kasynets Mariana
Published: June 2023

The close proximity of different buildings heights can cause disturbances in the working of the smoke and ventilation ducts of lower buildings, threatening the health and even the lives of residents. To define the influence of high-rise building on the work of the ducts of the neighbouring double-storied building, experimental investigations in the wind tunnel were conducted. On this basis, empirical equations and graphs were developed leading to determining the aerodynamic coefficients considering different wind directions and the height of ducts. The direction of the wind reveals a greater influence than the height of the ducts. Properly using deflectors or increasing the height of the duct ensures maintaining static rarefaction in the area of smoke and ventilation ducts. The creation of rarefaction ensures the reliability of the natural ventilation system and the safety of the health of residents.
Application and Efficiency of the Usage of a Series-Hybrid Drive in Agriculture Based on the Modified WHTC
Authors: Medževeprytė Ugnė Koletė , Makaras Rolandas , Lukoševičius Vaidas , Kilikevičius Sigitas
Published: June 2023

Off-road vehicles and transportation are vital for agricultural economics, yet the transition to green energies is challenging. To make this application easier, a tool that enables the testing of heavy-duty off-road vehicles in various scenarios was created. Based on the methods of the World Harmonized Transient Cycle, a new Hybrid Operational Cycle that reflects the features of agricultural work was created and applied in a graphical model simulation. This was a newly developed methodology. The cycle and the model were based on gathered research data. A numerical model of a medium-power tractor with an internal combustion engine and a series-hybrid setup was created, and simulations were performed in Matlab and AVL Cruise. The research compared both diesel and hybrid vehicles in terms of their power production, fuel consumption, and efficiency in fieldwork and transportation scenarios. The research showed that a series-hybrid transmission can achieve an efficiency similar to that of tractors with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), but with the use of an electric powertrain, there is still an opportunity to exploit energy regeneration in transportation and under low-load conditions. The designed model also may be used for the development of control algorithms for hybrid drives and the improvement of the efficiency thereof.
3D Dynamic Deduction and the Spatial Geometric Characteristic of Rotor System equipped with a Skew-Mounted Automatic Ball Balancer
Authors: Wang Ming-Cheng , Huang Chih-Ling
Published: June 2023

This paper aims the automatic ball balancers (ABBs) used in passive balancing devices for suppressing vibration of the eccentric rotor. The system model describes which equipped with a skew-mounted ABB with angular deviation. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the system are deduced from the perspective of three-dimensional (3D) dynamics. The results obtained are consistent with those derived from the Euler-Lagrange equations. It is exciting that the spatial dynamics method reveals the spatial geometric characteristic of dynamic balance positioning of the balls when the system is balanced with vibration suppression. The spatial property emerges the perpendicular line from each ball to the rotating spindle of the system must pass through the central axis of the orbit perpendicular to the ABB plane. This characteristic is a general rule that can be used to explain the phenomenon of the stable equilibrium positions of the balls in all previously studied cases.
Shaping the Conscious Behavior of the Product Designer in the Early Stages of the Project: Promoting the Correct Selection of Materials and the Green Self-Identity, Through a New Conceptual Model.
Authors: Sun Zhonghua , Doiro Manuel , Sá José Carlos , Santos Gilberto
Published: June 2023

Material selection for product design is a complex task. Thus, one of the objectives of this work is to analyze, understand and promote the importance of selection of materials to conceive quality products with help of designers' that promote green self-identity in the early stage of the conception of new products. A questionnaire was sent to professional designers and engineers. 38 responses were validated, this being the sample of our study. The aspects that influence the complex selection of materials and the final quality of the products through the design and production process is presented. As a result of the answers carried out with product designers who work in the market, with students who are graduating and with some engineers, a new approach for the selection of materials was developed. Based on a collection of main ideas from traditional and non-traditional methods of material selection, seeking to group the maximum requirements of both methods, inspired by the "Canvas" model on the basic modular methodology, a new model for a project of new product is presented. Our study focuses on the selection of materials, since this aspect is one of the most relevant steps in early stage of the prototyping phase of new products, with a view to reducing CO2 from the air in the atmosphere that we all breathe. The classification of materials is complex, due to the diversity of available options. The novelty of this model is that all properties of the newly designed product, such as technical, aesthetic, productive, environmental and other properties, are all grouped in a model, which serves as an innovative support. Thus, the designer has at his disposal a tool that can help him in the selection of the best material for the products he designs. This study intends to make a contribution in the field of material selection, quality and design of new products, promoting a green self-identity for designers in the initial phase of product design. Consequently, all consumers in search of a sustainable planet will profit from it.
Insight into the Epigenetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus
Authors: Srivastava Anusha , Srivastava Ankit , SINGH RAJNISH KUMAR
Published: June 2023

Epigenetic reprogramming represents a series of essential events during many cellular processes including oncogenesis. Genome of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an oncogenic herpesvirus is predetermined for a well-orchestrated epigenetic reprogramming once it enters into a host cell. The initial epigenetic reprogramming of KSHV genome allow restricted expression of encoded genes and helps to hide from host immune recognition. The infection with KSHV is associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma, Multicentric Castleman's disease, KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome and primary effusion lymphoma. The major epigenetic modifications associated with KSHV can be labelled under three broad categories: DNA methylation, modifications of Histone, and the role of noncoding RNAs. These epigenetic modifications significantly contribute towards the latent-lytic switch of the KSHV lifecycle. This review gives a brief account of the major epigenetic modifications affiliated with the KSHV genome in infected cells and their impact on pathogenesis.
Distribution of HPV Types in Tumor Tissue from Women with Cervical Cancer in Norway
Authors: Sørbye Sveinung Wergeland , Falang Bente Marie , Antonsen Mona
Published: June 2023

Background: Understanding the distribution of HPV types in cervical cancer cases is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of HPV screening and vaccination in reducing cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to assess genotype prevalence among 178 cervical cancer cases detected during a 20-year screening period in Northern Norway and compare the potential efficacy of HPV vaccines in preventing cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 181 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 1995 and 2015 in Troms and Finnmark, Norway, were analyzed using a 45-type HPV DNA test. The results were compared to a 7-type HPV mRNA test targeting oncogenic types included in the nonavalent HPV vaccine. Results: Invalid HPV test results were observed in 1.7% (3/181) of the samples and were subsequently excluded from further analysis. Among the remaining cases, 92.7% (165/178) tested positive for HPV using any test combination. HPV DNA was detected in 159 cases (89.3%), while HPV mRNA was detected in 149 cases (83.7%). The most prevalent HPV types were 16 and 18, responsible for 70.8% of the cases, with the nonavalent vaccine types accounting for 86.6% of cases. HPV 35 was identified in eight cases (4.5%). Conclusion: The bivalent/quadrivalent HPV vaccines have the potential to prevent 76.4% (126/165) of HPV-positive cervical cancer cases, while the nonavalent vaccine could prevent 93.3% (154/165) of cases. Tailoring screening strategies to target HPV types with the highest oncogenic potential may improve cervical cancer detection and enable targeted interventions for high-risk individuals. The use of a 7-type HPV mRNA test holds promises as an advantageous approach.