bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A highly efficient n‐CdS/p‐Ag2S/p+‐SnS thin film solar cell: Design and simulation
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Islam Md. Choyon , Pappu Md. Alamin Hossain , Mostaque Shaikh Khaled , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Hossain Jaker
Published: January 2024

Silver sulfide (Ag2S) chalcogenide compound can be a viable absorber in the applications of thin film solar cells owing to its optimum bandgap of 1.1 eV and high absorption coefficient. Herein, we propose a novel Ag2S‐based n‐CdS/p‐Ag2S/p+‐SnS double‐heterojunction solar cell. The numerical analysis of the device has been performed with SCAPS‐1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator). In the case of single heterojunction, n‐CdS/p‐Ag2S manifests an efficiency of 19.75%, where VOC = 0.66 V, JSC = 36.99 mA/cm2 and FF = 81.50%. However, Ag2S‐based double‐heterojunction device with optimized structure provides the efficiency of 29.51% with VOC = 0.81 V, JSC = 42.81 mA/cm2 and FF =85.24%. The noteworthy augmentation of VOC and JSC in double‐heterojunction results from the reduction in surface recombination velocity and rise in built‐in voltage in the p‐Ag2S/p+‐SnS hetero‐interfaces that promote the higher efficiency of the device. These theoretical insights indicate a path for fabrication of an efficient Ag2S based thin film solar cell.
Improved Least Squares Support Vector Machine Model Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm for Predicting CO2–Crude Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure
Authors: Li Jia‐Qi , Bian Xiao‐Qiang
Published: January 2024

The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is an important reference parameter in the study of CO2 oil drive systems. In response to the problems of time‐consuming and costly prediction of MMP by conventional experimental methods, an improved least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model based on grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is proposed to predict the CO2–crude oil MMP. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, reservoir temperature, C5+ molecular weight, intermediate component mole fraction, and volatile component mole fraction are selected as independent variables of the model, and MMP is the dependent variable. A total of 51 MMP experimental data are collected, of which 35 are used to fine‐tune the model's parameters and 16 are used to verify the model's reliability. The high leverage point method is used to detect anomalies in all experimental data to check the reliability of the model, and the abnormality of only one piece of experimental data is identified. Finally, a comparison of the model with other intelligent models is found. The absolute relative deviation of the GWO‐LSSVM model is 2.24% for the training data and 3.48% for the test data, which provides high adaptability and accuracy.
A framework to facilitate development and testing of image‐based river velocimetry algorithms
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. , Kinzel Paul J.
Published: January 2024

Image‐based methods have compelling, demonstrated potential for characterizing flow fields in rivers, but algorithms like particle image velocimetry (PIV) must be further tested and improved to enable more effective use of these techniques. This paper presents a framework designed for this exact purpose: Simulating Hydraulics and Images for Velocimetry Evaluation and Refinement (SHIVER). The approach involves coupling a hydrodynamic model with a synthetic particle generator to advect particles between frames, as dictated by local velocity vectors and thus construct a plausible image sequence specific to the reach of interest. The resulting time series can then be used as input to a velocimetry algorithm to compare image‐derived estimates with known (modelled) velocities to perform an exhaustive, spatially distributed accuracy assessment. As an example application of SHIVER, we examined the effects of interrogation area (IA) size, frame rate, flow velocity, and image sequence duration on the performance of a standard PIV algorithm. This analysis indicated that image‐derived velocities were generally in close agreement with those from the flow model (root mean square error <10% and mean bias <3%), except when small IAs were coupled with low frame rates. Velocity estimates were most accurate for the lowest modelled discharge (
at baseflow) and became less reliable as the mean flow velocity increased (
for an intermediate discharge and
at bankfull). Accuracy was essentially independent of image sequence duration, implying that long occupations might not be necessary. Errors were concentrated along channel margins, where PIV‐based velocities tended to be greater than those from the flow model. Small IAs led to underpredictions of velocity, while larger IAs led to overpredictions. SHIVER is highly modular and could be updated to make use of different hydrodynamic models or image simulators. The framework could also facilitate more thorough sensitivity analyses and comparison of various velocimetry algorithms.
Performance analysis of FSO communications over a generalized turbulence fading channel with pointing error
Authors: Shishter Yousef M. , Ali Falah H. , Young Rupert C.
Published: January 2024

Quantitatively assessing the performance of free space optical (FSO) communication systems requires an accurate description of turbulence induced fading. However, it is well known that common irradiance distributions inaccurately model intensity tail regions. Recently, a general fading model as the product of arbitrary number of Gamma with inverse Gamma was proposed and shown to accurately predict measurements, besides containing many well‐known models as special cases. This paper is concerned with analyzing the effect of discrepancies among different fading distributions on optical system performance in terms of bit error rates and capacity. Based on the general fading model a unified analysis of the channel structure effects on FSO communications in the presence of turbulence and pointing error is presented. The outage probability is investigated for both homodyne and direct detection schemes. Closed form expressions for the average probability of bit error for intensity modulation, phase shift keying and polarization shift keying, single‐input‐single‐output systems are given and verified by Monte‐Carlo simulations. Spatial diversity is also studied through single‐input‐multiple‐output systems. Also, the ergodic capacity is derived. Comparisons between the proposed distributions and other widely used distributions are carried out and show significant differences among existing fading models. This suggests possible improvements in the spectral efficiency and error performance design of optical wireless communication systems.
Embedding the weather prediction errors (WPE) into the photovoltaic (PV) forecasting method using deep learning
Authors: Bâra Adela , Oprea Simona‐Vasilica
Published: January 2024

The creation of features makes the difference in improving the photovoltaic forecast (PVF) for on‐grid, hybrid and off‐grid PV systems. The importance of the PVF is tremendous, and it can be essential in optimizing the home appliances to maximize the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) usage or to create performant bids for the electricity market. Several use cases are considered from the connectivity point of view. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Weather Prediction Error (WPE)‐based method that uses a Stacking Regressor (SR) for various PV systems that coexist in the emerging Energy Communities (EC) landscape. The novelty of the research we conduct consists in proposing several features and determining the coefficients to adjust the PVF based on WPE. The forecast results of four types of PV systems from size and connectivity point of view are investigated. Compared with individual Machine Learning (ML) models, R2 increases with more than 3% with the SR and with more than 6% after applying the adjustment coefficients. Nevertheless, the major improvement is recorded for the off‐grid inverter and for the large industrial PV power plant, demonstrating that the proposed model is suitable for these types of systems. The other metrics improved as well, especially Mean Average Error (MAE) that decreases between 10% and 23%. A significant decrease is in the case of the industrial on‐grid PV, from 130 kW to 123 kW using the SR and to 107 kW after adjustments. This represents around 18% from the initial MAE. The ratio of daily deviations is also improved using the SR. For all the PV systems, the ratio stabilizes in a shorter interval, from daily values between 0.78 and 1.33 obtained with the ML models to values between 0.83 and 1.24 obtained with the SR. After the final adjustments, the interval becomes shorter, having daily values between 0.90 and 1.10.
Cutaneous fistula formation after thyroid nodule rupture: A rare complication after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Bastien Amanda J. , Amin Luv , Moses Jeffrey , Sacks Wendy , Ho Allen S.
Published: January 2024

Background

With innovative treatment options such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for thyroid nodules, new complications are being identified. It is important to define and delineate complications in order to counsel patients appropriately about treatment options and their associated risks and benefits.

Methods

A 46‐year‐old male presented with a left thyroid nodule (6.5 cm). Fine needle aspiration results were benign. He started to develop intermittent dyspnea and underwent one RFA procedure. Approximately 6 days post‐RFA, the neck area was raised and red with blister. The skin overlying the blister underwent eventual dehiscence with fluid spillage. Several months later, MRI imaging showed substernal extension with tracheal deviation.

Results

A left thyroid lobectomy was performed with cutaneous excision and successful closure of a fistula.

Conclusions

This is the first reported case of a thyroid nodule rupture following RFA which manifested into a thyro‐cutaneous fistula and required surgical intervention.
Postoperative surgical site infection after preoperative use of razor versus clipper for hair removal in inguinal hernia surgery: A quasi‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: Thapa Niranjan , Basukala Sunil , Regmi Shiva K. , Shrestha Oshan , Paudel Sandip , Chaudhary Kabita , Metha Bipin , K. C. Manoj , Thapa Suman , Bista Sachhyatkar
Published: January 2024

Trail Design

Quasi‐randomized clinical trial.

Methods

Participants: This study includes adult patients (≥18 years) who gave written consent for preoperative site preparation using razors or clippers. Exclusions comprised individuals <18 years, bilateral hernias, prior laparoscopic hernia repair, steroid/chemotherapy use, diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and incomplete medical documentation. Intervention: Patients who underwent hernia surgery during the initial week of the study underwent site preparation using a razor, while in subsequent weeks underwent site preparation using a clipper. This randomization was maintained throughout the study. Uniform site preparation was done by consistent staff. Postpreparation interviews, follow‐up interviews of the patients, and unbiased evaluation of digital photographs were conducted by nonoperating surgeon panels. Outcome: Preoperative, patient response, degree of skin trauma, quality of hair removal, and association between site preparation‐like parameters were compared and analyzed between two groups using Statistical Package for Social Sciences‐25. Blinding: In this study, blinding was not done and the primary investigator was aware of the two groups.

Results

The total number of participants was 320. The mean age of the Razor group was 45.36 ± 14.68 years and that of Clipper was 44.42 ± 13.77 (p < 0.98). The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 23 (14.4%) in the razor group and 8(5%) in the clipper group, (p = 0.01). Skin trauma was found more in the razor group as compared to the clipper group. Also, the analysis of the provided data revealed that 65% of participants who experienced sustained cuts developed SSI.

Conclusion

In summary, the practice of preoperative hair removal on‐site preparation using a razor is associated with the incidence of skin trauma but overall shave quality at the operative site was better in the razor group with an apparent increased risk of SSI. Based on these findings, it would be better for surgeons to decide on an operation for either razors or clippers for preoperative preparation.
Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini , Desai Dhruv N. , Kandi Venkataramana , Sarangi Ashish K. , Mishra Snehasish , Sah Ranjit , Ibrahim Amani Ahmed AL. , Rabaan Ali A. , Zahan Kudrat E.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

Severe morbidity and mortality due to seasonal infectious diseases are common global public health issues. Vector‐borne viral illnesses like dengue and chikungunya overload the healthcare systems leading to critical financial burden to manage them. There is no effective drug or vaccine currently available to control these two diseases.

Methods

The review was formulated by incorporating relevant reports on chikungunya and dengue in the Americas regions through a comprehensive search of literature that were available on dedicated scientific publication portals such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science.

Results

The strategies of public health administrations to control largely the mosquito vectors during tropical monsoon seem to be effective. Yet, it seems practically impossible to completely eliminate them. The mosquito vector disseminates the virus via transovarian route thereby internalising the virus through generations, a reason behind reappearing and recurring outbreaks. The numerous factors associated with industrialisation, urbanisation, population density, and easy transboundary movements appear to have contributed to the spread of vectors from an endemic region to elsewhere.

Conclusion

The article made a state‐of‐affair comprehensive analysis of the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the tropics, particularly the tropical Americas, as a human health concern, the countermeasures undertaken and the overall preparedness. The viral transmission is a hard situation to tackle as the vector survives in diverse temperature and ecology, is resistant to insecticides, and the unavailability of drugs. Better vector‐control measures and improved understanding of the reemerging arboviral infections could offer an extended reaction time to counter outbreaks, and minimise associated morbidity/mortality.
Predictive model for early detection of type 2 diabetes using patients' clinical symptoms, demographic features, and knowledge of diabetes
Authors: Ojurongbe Taiwo Adetola , Afolabi Habeeb Abiodun , Oyekale Adesola , Bashiru Kehinde Adekunle , Ayelagbe Olubunmi , Ojurongbe Olusola , Abbasi Saddam Akber , Adegoke Nurudeen A.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

With the global rise in type 2 diabetes, predictive modeling has become crucial for early detection, particularly in populations with low routine medical checkup profiles. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for type 2 diabetes using health check‐up data focusing on clinical details, demographic features, biochemical markers, and diabetes knowledge.

Methods

Data from 444 Nigerian patients were collected and analysed. We used 80% of this data set for training, and the remaining 20% for testing. Multivariable penalized logistic regression was employed to predict the disease onset, incorporating waist‐hip ratio (WHR), triglycerides (TG), catalase, and atherogenic indices of plasma (AIP).

Results

The predictive model demonstrated high accuracy, with an area under the curve of 99% (95% CI = 97%–100%) for the training set and 94% (95% CI = 89%–99%) for the test set. Notably, an increase in WHR (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 70.35; 95% CI = 10.04–493.1, p‐value < 0.001) and elevated AIP (AOR = 4.55; 95% CI = 1.48–13.95, p‐value = 0.008) levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, while higher catalase levels (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.22–0.49, p < 0.001) correlated with a decreased risk. In contrast, TG levels (AOR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.40–2.71, p‐value = 0.94) were not associated with the disease.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance of using distinct clinical and biochemical markers for early type 2 diabetes detection in Nigeria, reflecting global trends in diabetes modeling, and highlighting the need for context‐specific methods. The development of a web application based on these results aims to facilitate the early identification of individuals at risk, potentially reducing health complications, and improving diabetes management strategies in diverse settings.
Current trends and challenges: The landscape of perioperative mortality in intracranial surgeries in low‐ and middle‐income settings: A narrative review
Authors: Roy Sakshi , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Ahluwalia Arjun , Adebusoye Favour T. , Ferreira Tomas , Tan Joecelyn K. , Bharadwaj Hareesha R. , Tenkorang Pearl O. , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Papadakis Marios
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Intracranial surgeries are pivotal in treating cerebral pathologies, particularly in resource‐limited contexts, utilizing techniques such as craniotomy, transsphenoidal approaches, and endoscopy. However, challenges in low and middle income countries (LMICs), including resource scarcity, diagnostic delays, and a lack of skilled neurosurgeons, lead to elevated perioperative mortality (POM). This review seeks to identify major contributors to these challenges and recommend solutions for improved patient outcomes in neurosurgical care within LMICs.

Methods

This review examines POM in LMICs using a detailed literature search, focusing on studies from these regions. Databases like PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were utilized using specific terms related to “intracranial surgery,” “perioperative mortality,” “traumatic brain injuries,” and “LMICs.” Inclusion criteria covered various study designs and both pediatric and adult populations while excluding stand‐alone abstracts and case reports.

Results

POM rates for intracranial surgeries differ widely across many low and middle‐income regions: Africa sees rates from 2.5% to 39.1%, Asia between 3.6% and 34.8%, and Latin America and the Caribbean have figures ranging from 1.3% to 12%. The POM rates in LMICs were relatively higher compared to most first‐world countries. The high POM rates in LMICs can be attributed to considerable delays and compromises in neurosurgical care delivery, exacerbated by late diagnoses and presentations of neurosurgical pathologies. This, coupled with limited resources, underdeveloped infrastructure, and training gaps, complicates intracranial disease management, leading to elevated POM.

Conclusion

Intracranial POM is a pronounced disparity within the neurosurgical field in LMICs. To mitigate intracranial POM, it is imperative to bolster healthcare infrastructure, amplify personnel training, foster global partnerships, and harness technologies like telemedicine. Tackling socioeconomic obstacles and prioritizing early detection through sustained funding and policy shifts can substantially enhance patient outcomes.
Dabrafenib plus Trametinib: A breakthrough in pediatric low‐grade glioma therapy
Authors: Dar Marrium Sultan , Shahid Nayab , Waqas Arisha , Baig Yumna Arif , Khan Aimen Waqar
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Pediatric‐type low‐grade gliomas (pLGGs) are the most common solid tumors in children, with v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations playing a significant role in their development. Dabrafenib and trametinib are targeted therapies that are recently approved by Food and Drug Administration for pediatric patients with pLGG harboring a BRAF V600E mutation.

Body

This study emphasizes the role of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in pLGG. A multicenter Phase I/II trial demonstrated the superior efficacy of dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) compared to carboplatin plus vincristine (C+T), with higher overall response rates, clinical benefit rates, and longer progression‐free survival. The safety profile of dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) was favorable, with fewer discontinuations and adverse events compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The introduction of D+T as a targeted therapy represents a significant advancement in the management of pLGG, necessitating further investigations to understand its long‐term consequences and optimize patient care.
Impact of COVID‐19 on cancer incidence, presentation, diagnosis, treatment and survival in Northern Ireland
Authors: Bennett Damien , Murray Inez , Mitchell Helen , Gavin Anna , Donnelly David
Published: January 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic had a major impact on cancer patients and services but has been difficult to quantify. We examined how the entire cancer pathway—from incidence, presentation, diagnosis, stage, treatment and survival—was affected in Northern Ireland during April–December 2020 compared to equivalent 2018–2019 periods using retrospective, observational cancer registry data from the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry (NICR). There were 6748 cancer cases in April–December 2020 and an average 7724 patients in April–December 2018–2019. Incident cases decreased by 13% (almost 1000). Significant differences were found across age cohorts and deprivation quintiles, with reductions greatest for younger people (<55 years; 19% decrease) and less deprived (22% decrease). A higher proportion had emergency admission (16%‐to‐20%) with lower proportions diagnosed pathologically (85%‐to‐83%). There was a significant stage shift, with lower proportions of early stage (29%‐to‐25%) and higher late‐stage (21%‐to‐23%). Lower proportions received surgery (41%‐to‐38%) and radiotherapy (24%‐to‐22%) with a higher proportion not receiving treatment (29%‐to‐33%). One‐year observed‐survival decreased from 73.7% to 69.8% and 1‐year net‐survival decreased from 76.1% to 72.9%, with differences driven by five tumours; Lung (40.3%‐to‐35.0%), Head‐and‐Neck (77.4%‐to‐68.4%), Oesophageal (53.5%‐to‐42.3%), Lymphoma (81.1%‐to‐75.2%) and Uterine cancer (87.4%‐to‐80.4%). Our study reveals profound adverse impact of COVID‐19 on the entire cancer patient pathway, with 13% fewer cases, greater emergency admissions and significant stage‐shift from early to more advanced‐stage disease. There was major treatment impact with lower rates of surgery and radiotherapy and higher proportions receiving no treatment. There were significant reductions in 1‐year survival. Our study will support service recovery and protect cancer services in future pandemics or disruptions.
Improving the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion without immunohistochemistry: An innovative method with H&E‐stained and multiphoton microscopy images
Authors: Han Xiahui , Liu Yulan , Zhang Shichao , Li Lianhuang , Zheng Liqin , Qiu Lida , Chen Jianhua , Zhan Zhenlin , Wang Shu , Ma Jianli , Kang Deyong , Chen Jianxin
Published: January 2024

Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) is a challenging subtype of breast cancer with controversial invasiveness and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of DCISM from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is crucial for optimal treatment and improved clinical outcomes. However, there are often some suspicious small cancer nests in DCIS, and it is difficult to diagnose the presence of intact myoepithelium by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images. Although a variety of biomarkers are available for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of myoepithelial cells, no single biomarker is consistently sensitive to all tumor lesions. Here, we introduced a new diagnostic method that provides rapid and accurate diagnosis of DCISM using multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Suspicious foci in H&E‐stained images were labeled as regions of interest (ROIs), and the nuclei within these ROIs were segmented using a deep learning model. MPM was used to capture images of the ROIs in H&E‐stained sections. The intensity of two‐photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) in the myoepithelium was significantly different from that in tumor parenchyma and tumor stroma. Through the use of MPM, the myoepithelium and basement membrane can be easily observed via TPEF and second‐harmonic generation (SHG), respectively. By fusing the nuclei in H&E‐stained images with MPM images, DCISM can be differentiated from suspicious small cancer clusters in DCIS. The proposed method demonstrated good consistency with the cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) myoepithelial staining method (kappa coefficient = 0.818).
Continuity of care for patients with de novo metastatic cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Slotman Ellis , Weijzen Feike , Fransen Heidi P. , van Hoeve Jolanda C. , Huijben Auke M. T. , Kuip Evelien J. M. , Jager Agnes , Kunst Peter W. A. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Tol Jolien , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , Raijmakers Natasja J. H. , van der Linden Yvette M. , Siesling Sabine ,   On‐behalf‐of‐the‐COVID‐and‐Cancer‐NL Consortium
Published: January 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic recommendations were made to adapt cancer care. This population‐based study aimed to investigate possible differences between the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer before and during the pandemic by comparing the initial treatments in five COVID‐19 periods (weeks 1–12 2020: pre‐COVID‐19, weeks 12–20 2020: 1st peak, weeks 21–41 2020: recovery, weeks 42–53 2020: 2nd peak, weeks 1–20 2021: prolonged 2nd peak) with reference data from 2017 to 2019. The proportion of patients receiving different treatment modalities (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy, radiotherapy primary tumor, resection primary tumor, resection metastases) within 6 weeks of diagnosis and the time between diagnosis and first treatment were compared by period. In total, 74,208 patients were included. Overall, patients were more likely to receive treatments in the COVID‐19 periods than in previous years. This mainly holds for hormone therapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy and resection of metastases. Lower odds were observed for resection of the primary tumor during the recovery period (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.99) and for radiotherapy on the primary tumor during the prolonged 2nd peak (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.98). The time from diagnosis to the start of first treatment was shorter, mainly during the 1st peak (average 5 days, p < .001). These findings show that during the first 1.5 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there were only minor changes in the initial treatment of metastatic cancer. Remarkably, time from diagnosis to first treatment was shorter. Overall, the results suggest continuity of care for patients with metastatic cancer during the pandemic.
Recent trends in cervical cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and mortality according to county‐level income in the United States, 2000–2019
Authors: Amboree Trisha L. , Damgacioglu Haluk , Sonawane Kalyani , Adsul Prajakta , Montealegre Jane R. , Deshmukh Ashish A.
Published: January 2024

Early evidence suggests that declining cervical cancer incidence reversed in low‐income regions in the United States in recent years; however, it is unclear whether there are distinct patterns by race/ethnicity and stage at diagnosis and if the increase has translated into rising mortality. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, we evaluated trends in hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer incidence rates (2000–2019) and mortality rates (2005–2019) by county‐level income and race/ethnicity, with further stratification of incidence by stage at diagnosis. Following a period of decline, hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer incidence increased 1.0%/year (95% CI = 0.1% to 4.5%) among Non‐Hispanic White women in low‐income counties. Particularly, a statistically significant 4.4%/year (95% CI = 1.7% to 7.5%) increase in distant‐stage cancer occurred in this group. Additionally, recent increases in cervical cancer mortality (1.1%/year [95% CI = −1.4% to 3.7%]) were observed among this group and Non‐Hispanic Black women in low‐income counties (2.9%/year [95% CI = −2.3% to 18.2%]), but trends were not statistically significant. Among Hispanic women in low‐income counties, distant‐stage cervical cancer incidence increased 1.5%/year (95% CI = −0.6% to 4.1%), albeit not statistically significant. The increasing incidence of distant‐stage cervical cancer and mortality in specific racial/ethnic groups suggests that the recent introduction of higher sensitivity screening tests may not explain increasing trends in low‐income counties. Our findings suggest that the observed rise in cervical cancer incidence may reflect disruptions along the screening and treatment continuum. Future research to further comprehend these trends and continued enhancements in prevention are crucial to combat rising cervical cancer incidence and mortality in low‐income counties in the United States.
Novel surface biochemical modifications of urinary catheters to prevent catheter‐associated urinary tract infections
Authors: Safari Mohammad Sadegh , Mohabatkar Hassan , Behbahani Mandana
Published: January 2024

More than 70% of hospital‐acquired urinary tract infections are related to urinary catheters, which are commonly used for the treatment of about 20% of hospitalized patients. Urinary catheters are used to drain the bladder if there is an obstruction in the tube that carries urine out of the bladder (urethra). During catheter‐associated urinary tract infections, microorganisms rise up in the urinary tract and reach the bladder, and cause infections. Various materials are used to fabricate urinary catheters such as silicone, polyurethane, and latex. These materials allow bacteria and fungi to develop colonies on their inner and outer surfaces, leading to bacteriuria or other infections. Urinary catheters could be modified to exert antibacterial and antifungal effects. Although so many research have been conducted over the past years on the fabrication of antibacterial and antifouling catheters, an ideal catheter needs to be developed for long‐term catheterization of more than a month. In this review, we are going to introduce the recent advances in fabricating antibacterial materials to prevent catheter‐associated urinary tract infections, such as nanoparticles, antibiotics, chemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and plant extracts.
Nanobiosensors for procalcitonin (PCT) analysis
Authors: Mobed Ahmad , Darvishi Mohammad , Tahavvori Amir , Alipourfard Iraj , Kohansal Fereshteh , Ghazi Farhood , Alivirdiloo Vahid
Published: January 2024

Background

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a critical biomarker that is released in response to bacterial infections and can be used to differentiate the pathogenesis of the infectious process.

Objective

In this article, we provide an overview of recent advances in PCT biosensors, highlighting different approaches for biosensor construction, different immobilization methods, advantages and roles of different matrices used, analytical performance, and PCT biosensor construction. Also, we will explain PCT biosensors sensible limits of detection (LOD), linearity, and other analytical characteristics. Future prospects for the development of better PCT biosensor systems are also discussed.

Methods

Traditional methods such as capillary electrophoresis, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry are effective in analyzing PCT in the medical field, but they are complicated, time‐consuming sample preparation, and require expensive equipment and skilled personnel.

Results

In the past decades, PCT biosensors have emerged as simple, fast, and sensitive tools for PCT analysis in various fields, especially medical fields.

Conclusion

These biosensors have the potential to accompany or replace traditional analytical methods by simplifying or reducing sample preparation and making field testing easier and faster, while significantly reducing the cost per analysis.
The adsorption of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) pigments on chitin for food colorants
Authors: Thu Tran Thi Minh , Tuan Tran Thanh , Y Nguyen Thi Nhu , Tran Nguyen Phuong Lan , Jerz Gerold
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Growing concern over the potential adverse health effects of synthetic colorants has led to a rising utilization of plant‐derived pigments within the food industry. Purple betacyanins from red dragon fruits (Hylocereus polyrhizus) have been subjected to an environmentally sustainable purification process for natural colorants.

RESULTS

The violet‐hued pigments were absorbed onto preconditioned chitin material, a biodegraded polymer derived from shrimp shells. Liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometric analysis was employed to analyze the betalain pigment composition in the raw fruit extract, making comparisons between the adsorbed supernatant and desorbed solutions. Fourier transform infrared analysis, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were conducted on the resin pre‐ and post‐adsorption stages, revealing distinctive infrared bands (RNHR, CO, CO, OH) indicative of betacyanin functional groups in the pigmented materials. The uniform adsorption of the colorant onto the adsorbents causes the intense purple color of the resin, with a maximum removal efficiency of 0.29 mg g−1. Adsorption data were subjected to various kinetic models, with the pseudo‐second‐order model demonstrating the optimal fit to the kinetic data (R2 = 0.97), while the Freundlich model proved most suitable for describing the sorption isotherm (R2 = 0.98). The adsorption energy, as determined by the Dubinin–Radushkevich equation, was 0.23 kJ mol−1, implying a physical adsorption mechanism on a heterogeneous surface.

CONCLUSION

Betacyanins derived from red dragon fruits could be recovered for food colorants through chitin adsorption. This recovery mechanism is attributed to electrostatic interactions among the functional groups, including hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and hydrogen bonds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Electrochemical analysis of harmful dichlorvos insecticides based on a high‐performance composite sensor
Authors: Luo Songlin , Su Mengdie , Yang Xin , Ning Zhiming , Liu Hongjie , Wang Shaopeng , Wang Liwei
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) were used in large quantities, and pesticide residues have caused different degrees of environmental pollution. Because the current laboratory detection techniques cannot meet the requirements of quickly and accurately monitoring pesticide concentration, there is an urgent need for a portable and accurate method to trace pesticide residues. This paper reports an effective electrochemical sensor composed of ZrO2@PDA electrode material and glassy carbon electrode (GCE).

RESULTS

This sensor displayed optimal selectivity for dichloride among various OPs with a low limit of detection (LOD = 1.318 × 10−3 mg L−1). Wherein the accuracy and reliability of this electrochemical sensor were verified through the standard method of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) (p = 0.977 > 0.05), as well as the stability and anti‐interference capabilities. In addition, the results of recovery experiments have shown that the recovery rate of the electrochemical sensor for dichlorvos ranged from 89.2% to 103.8%, with RSD less than 5%, indicating its practical application in the actual sample detection.

CONCLUSIONS

Finally, the portable sensing platform for on‐site analysis of dichlorvos concentration in farmland water samples was also demonstrated with excellent results. All the results suggested that the prepared ZrO2@PDA composites could serve as a prospective microchip sensor for the on‐site detection of dichlorvos. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Gig work and gig workers: An integrative review and agenda for future research
Authors: Wu Dongyuan , Huang Jason L.
Published: January 2024

Gig workers have become an important component of the contemporary workforce and have generated extensive interest among researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide an integrative review of the literature on gig workers. Consistent with the more recent studies, we adopt a broad definition of gig work, which is characterized by the temporary nature of the work, project‐based compensation, work flexibility, and non‐membership in an organization. We first discuss the major themes in the literature based on an input–process–output framework. Specifically, we review what factors drive individuals to engage in gig work, how gig work impacts gig workers based on four theoretical approaches, and what outcomes individuals experience as a result of engaging in gig work. Based on the literature review, we highlight six future research agendas. We also discuss practical implications for gig workers, traditional organizations, digital labor platforms, and society.
Does empowerment work? The role of education in service quality
Authors: Budur Taylan , Demir Ahmet , Ahmed Najih Samin
Published: January 2024

The current study investigated the impact of employees’ educational level on the relationship between empowerment and service quality while exploring the role of perceived supervisor support. Empirical data were collected from 214 employees and 250 customers from the same companies, with structural equation modelling and Hayes’ (2018) moderation technique being employed to analyze the collected data. Resultantly, empowerment significantly impacted service quality based on employees’ educational level while reducing the perception of service quality among employees with high school diplomas or lower educational levels. Contrarily, empowerment increased service quality performance for employees with bachelor's degrees or higher levels. Managers should consider employees’ educational backgrounds during empowerment to improve service quality. Perceived supervisor support also significantly mediated the association between empowerment and service quality, regardless of employees’ educational level. The findings contributed to the knowledge of the complex dynamics between empowerment, educational level, supervisor support, and service quality.
Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring and vedolizumab dose optimization in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Rowland Patrick , McNicol Megan , Kiel Ashley , Maltz Ross M. , Donegan Amy , Dotson Jennifer L. , Michel Hilary K. , Boyle Brendan
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and dose optimization have been shown to improve clinical outcomes with antitumor necrosis factor and recent studies in adults suggest an exposure–response relationship with drug levels associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, these levels are not universally recognized as therapeutic targets for vedolizumab dosing. We aimed to assess the impact of a TDM quality improvement (QI) initiative on 52‐week clinical outcomes and describe proactively obtained vedolizumab levels during the induction period in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

A QI initiative to proactively obtain TDM levels at Week 6 was implemented in 2019. A retrospective review of pediatric patients with IBD treated with vedolizumab from 2018 to 2022 was performed. Baseline demographic data, medication dosing details, disease characteristics, lab results, and 12‐month clinical outcomes were recorded. For this study, we defined therapeutic target levels (>20 μg/mL at Week 6 and >12 μg/mL during maintenance) based on existing data correlating these levels with improved clinical outcomes.

Results

Fifty‐nine patients (31 Crohn disease [CD], 28 ulcerative colitis [UC]/indeterminate colitis [IC]) were included in the study. In total, 68% (40/59) of patients had vedolizumab levels at Week 6 and 90% (53/59) had levels drawn at Week 6 or 14. Thirty‐five percent of Week 6 trough levels were below our defined target of 20 μg/mL. Fifty‐two of 59 patients had available data at 52 weeks. Over 80% (42/52) of patients remained on vedolizumab 52 weeks after initiation (CD 79% [23/29], UC/IC 83% [19/23]). Sixty‐two percent (26/42) of patients that remained on vedolizumab at 52 weeks were treated with an intensified dosing interval of <8 weeks. Thirty‐one of these 42 (74%) were in clinical remission (CR) rate at 52 weeks with 29/42 (69%) in corticosteroid‐free remission. The CR rate for the entire cohort including those who discontinued therapy due to a lack of efficacy before 52 weeks was 60% (31/52).

Conclusion

Proactive TDM and early dose optimization with vedolizumab may improve drug durability and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with IBD.
Gender differences in mental health outcomes among Afghanistan veterans exposed to war zone trauma
Authors: Rønning Line , Nordstrand Andreas Espetvedt , Hjemdal Odin , Bøe Hans Jakob
Published: January 2024

Research has sought to identify whether women have an increased risk of developing mental health problems following military trauma compared to men, but the results are mixed. This study examined gender differences in a range of mental health outcomes within three levels of war zone trauma exposure and investigated gender differences in risk and protective factors associated with clinical mental health problems. Using data from a cross‐sectional, postdeployment survey, a sample of Norwegian veterans of recent military operations in Afghanistan (N = 6,205, 8.3% women) were sorted according to reported war zone trauma exposure level (low, medium, high), then assessed for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and alcohol problems. The findings revealed that men who reported low war zone exposure had lower levels of posttraumatic distress symptoms than women, d = ‐0.20, p = .040, but were more likely to report symptoms of alcohol problems within the low, d = 0.33, p < .001; medium, d = 0.39, p < .001; and high, d = 0.37, p = .049, exposure groups; however, these differences disappeared when all symptom variables were combined into one clinical mental health problem variable. Women with a clinical mental health problem were less likely to report war zone exposure than men, OR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.90, 0.97], p = .001. Findings suggest that although gender differences in mental health symptoms exist, male and female veterans with mental health problems may share more similarities than previously recognized.
Reliability and validation of the German Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score
Authors: Arbab Dorothe , Lichte Philip , Gutteck Natalia , Bouillon Bertil , Arbab Dariusch
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Patient‐related outcome measures (PROMs) are important instruments to evaluate efficacy of orthopaedic procedures. The Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) is a PROM developed to evaluate outcomes after treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs). Purpose of this study is to develop and culturally adapt the German version of the ATRS and to evaluate reliability and validity.

Methods

The ATRS was translated by forward‐backward translation based on common guidelines. In this retrospective study, 48 patients with a surgical intervention after ATR were recruited. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was valued by determining Pearson correlation coefficient with the German version of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment‐Achilles questionnaire (VISA‐A).

Results

The German Version of the ATRS has an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.96) as well as an excellent test‐retest‐reliability (ICC 0.98). It has a moderately strong correlation with the VISA‐A (r = 0.73) as well as with the FAOS subclasses (r = 0.6–0.79).

Conclusion

The German version of the ATRS demonstrated good psychometric properties. It proofed to be a valid and reliable instrument for use in patients with Achilles tendon Rupture.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Tapes with High Peel Strength Derived from Linseed Oil
Authors: Fan Jingjing , Tang Yali , Lu Lixin , Qiu Xiaolin , Pan Liao
Published: January 2024

This research attempts to fabricate a novel type of pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape utilizing epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) as the primary component in an effort to reduce reliance on petrochemical polymers. This raw material comes from the natural renewable resources, making this tape a more environmentally friendly choice in reducing impact on the environment and alleviating resource pressure. The ester groups on ELO are subjected to hydrolysis in order to yield a combination of epoxy linseed oil fatty acids (ELFAs) containing both epoxy and carboxyl groups. By controlling the temperature and catalyst conditions, the epoxy and carboxyl groups undergo a ring‐opening reaction, resulting in the self‐polymerization of the ELFA mixture and the formation of hydroxy‐functionalized polymers. These polymers are then applied as a coating on kraft paper and subsequently cut to produce PSA tapes. The tapes produced using this method exhibit a peak peel strength of 20.538 N per 25 mm. Moreover, the incorporation of glycerol ester of rosin serves to enhance the peel strength, resulting in a higher value of 21.883 N per 25 mm. The utilization of sealing the cardboard box by the tapes also serves as validation for the immense capabilities of the tapes in practical applications.
SN‐38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, inhibits transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and enhances drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Wang Jingya , Xu Jiangli , Yang Shuhui , He Liu , Xu Wenhuai , Liu Yan'e , Cao Baoshan , Yu Siwang
Published: January 2024

Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) significantly contributes to drug resistance of cancer cells, and Nrf2 inhibitors have been vigorously pursued. Repurposing of existing drugs, especially anticancer drugs, is a straightforward and promising strategy to find clinically available Nrf2 inhibitors and effective drug combinations. Topoisomerase inhibitors SN‐38 (an active metabolite of irinotecan), topotecan, mitoxantrone, and epirubicin were found to significantly suppress Nrf2 transcriptional activity in cancer cells. SN‐38, the most potent one among them, significantly inhibited the transcription of Nrf2, as indicated by decreased mRNA level and binding of RNA polymerase II to NFE2L2 gene, while no impact on Nrf2 protein or mRNA degradation was observed. SN‐38 synergized with Nrf2‐sensitive anticancer drugs such as mitomycin C in killing colorectal cancer cells, and irinotecan and mitomycin C synergistically inhibited the growth of SW480 xenografts in nude mice. Our study identified SN‐38 and three other topoisomerase inhibitors as Nrf2 inhibitors, revealed the Nrf2‐inhibitory mechanism of SN‐38, and indicate that clinically feasible drug combinations could be designed based on their interactions with Nrf2 signaling.