bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of H. pylori in gastric biopsies: A cost effective method for developing countries.
Authors: Khan Hina , Alam Sadaf , Khan Shahnawaz , Khan Mumtaz , Rauf Fozia
Published: August 2019

H. pylori is the most common organism implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability and cost effectiveness of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for the detection of H. pylori in gastric biopsies for developing countries with immunohistochemical markers (IHC) as gold standard. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: OPD of Kuwait teaching hospital and Mercy teaching hospital. Period: April 2017 to December 2017. Materials and Methods: 50 consecutive endoscopic gastric biopsies collected according to the Updated Sydney Protocol from patients with dyspeptic symptoms. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 19. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for each staining technique. Chi square test was used for calculating p value. A value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most common presenting symptom was epigastric pain, nausea/vomiting and bloating/burping. According to Updated Sydney Protocol, the most common diagnosis was mild chronic inflammation. Sensitivity, specificity, p ositive predictive and negative predictive value of H&E was 46.8 %, 88.8%, 88.2% and 48.5% respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that used alone H&E can easily detect H. pylori in gastric biopsies in most of the cases. However, IHC may be used in selected patients with negative H&E results and strong clinical suspicion of H. pylori infection.
“Diabetic retinopathy – knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in diabetic patients admitted in Tertiary Care Centers of Peshawar – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa”.
Authors: Raza Ali , Khan Izma , Sami Haider , Ejaz Amna , Ahmed Zunnoor
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder which occurs due to the deficiency of insulin and results in increased blood glucose levels. Diabetic Retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes which can lead to blindness. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetics regarding Diabetic Retinopathy in Peshawar region. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Medical and Surgical wards of Rehman Medical Institute and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: December 2016 to April 2017. Materials and Methods: 351 patients admitted in medical and surgical wards of Rehman Medical Institute and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Diabetics were selected by convenience sampling technique and data was collected through interview based questionnaire. Result: The study included 351 patients, 65.2% were males and 34.8 % females. Average age was 52 years with 76 % of the respondents having positive family history and 66 % having diabetes from the last 10 years. 87.2% agreed that diabetes can cause diabetic retinopathy. The mean knowledge score was 13.48. Knowledge was significantly associated with education levels and male gender with P < 0.001 and 0.02 respectively. The correlation analysis between knowledge and attitude showed weak negative but significant relationship with P < 0.002.  80.9% agreed that diabetic retinopathy can be prevented if diabetes is controlled early on, with only 30 % getting their check up on annual basis and 26.5 % on bi annual basis. Conclusion: Mass awareness campaigns using population and high risk strategies as a primary prevention is need of the hour. Illiterates and women are more susceptible to the complication of diabetes in particular diabetic retinopathy. Involvement of general physicians and ophthalmologists for susceptible patient screening is recommended in the light of this study.
Frequency of blood group sub-type in patients with ischemic stroke at Nishtar Hospital Multan.
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Ali Gohar , Ismail Ali
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the blood groups among the patients presenting with ischemic stroke either AB blood group or O blood group is more common (frequent) among these patients irrespective of other known factors responsible for stroke. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: January 2015 to August 2015. Materials & Methods: We included total 292 patients (40-70 years of age), with ischemic stroke documented on CT scan brain of both gender (male and female). Blood sample of these patients were sent to the central laboratory of Nishtar hospital for blood group determination using standard techniques. Results: Mean age was 56.26 ± 8.28 years. Out of the 292 patients, 163 (55.82%) were male and 129 (44.18%). Frequency of blood group A, B, AB and O in patients with ischemic stroke was found to be 114 patients having blood group A (39.04%), 53 patients having blood group B (18.15%), 26 patients having blood group AB (8.90%) and 99 patients having blood group O (33.90%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study results concluded that there is an association between ABO blood groups and ischemic stroke, irrespective of other risk factors. Our study results have observed that individuals belonging to non-O blood groups (A, B, or AB) are at an increased risk of ischemic stroke as compared to O blood group carriers however we did not control possible impact of confounders such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia etc. Many studies proved that persons with AB blood groups are at increased of atherosclerosis but no study showed that these persons have increased risk of ischemic stroke or not.
Investigation of the positive effects of silymarin on valproic acid-induced liver damage in rats
Authors: Aktaş İbrahim , Armağan İlkay
Published: August 2019

Purpose: In this study, we
evaluated the potential hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on valproic
acid-induced liver injury by histological and biochemical parameters in rat
liver.Method:Experimental procedures
were performed on 21 male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were divided into three
groups: group 1, control; group 2, valproic acid; group 3, valproic acid +
silymarin. The groups were administered 500 mg/kg/day valproic acidand 100
mg/kg/daysilymarin for 14 days, except control group.Results:Silymarin treatment decreased
the levels of serumgamma glutamyl transferase, alanine amino transferase, aspartate
aminotransferase and increreased serum albumin levelssignificantly (p
<0.05). In addition, increased amount of malondialdehyde and decreased
levels of glutathione with valproic acid were significantly suppressed by
silymarin in liver tissue (p <0.05). The combination of silymarinwith valproic
acid reduced loss of body weight in the present study. Histologically, the
extent of liver damage was significantly lower in the valproic acid+silymarin
group (p<0.005). Oxidative stress was decreased, antioxidant activity was
increased and histopathological changes were reduced in the valproic acid + silymarin
group compared to the valproic acid group.

Conclusion:This study revealed that
the liver injury induced by valproic acid was attenuated with silymarin
administration. Silymarincan protect rat liver against valproic acid induced
injury by its anti-oxidative effect,
and might be useful for reducing the severity of liver injury.
The Application of Translation Strategies to Cope With Equivalence Problems in Translating Texts
Authors: Aulia Dhini
Published: August 2019

Translation is a process to render the meaning from the source text into the target text. A translator, however, will find some problems during translation process. Equivalence is the case which often appears (i.e. culture specific concept, the source-language concept is not lexicalized in the target language, source-language word is semantically complex, etc). To cope with equivalnce problems in translation process, some experts suggest some strategies which can be applied in doing translation. Some strategies are transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, etc. The strategies which often appears in the example texts in this paper are transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalent, couplet and  through-translation. It is recomended that translator apply the strategies if only there is no equivalence problem in target language.
Teachers’ Perception of Grammar: Isolated or Integrated?
Authors: Yannuar Nurenzia
Published: August 2019

Explicit teaching of grammar, despite being the most popular in Asia, is not the only key to the mastery of English. There are different successful approaches to the teaching of grammar, which might be interesting to explore. Aside from the famous traditional grammar teaching, there are others such as communicate approach to grammar teaching, isolated and integrated approach, as well combination of both isolated and integrated grammar teaching. The current study is interested in exploring the different views on grammar teaching as well as understanding how English teachers perceive grammar teaching itself.The result of the recent study has been able to give insights that grammar is still considered important by a group of people that has been trained in a specific course of grammar teaching (pedagogical grammar class). Recognizing the standpoint of a group of people who will be assigned the role of teachers is important, because it suggests how grammar will be taught in future language classrooms.
Grammar Usage in Public Speaking
Authors: Handayani Witri
Published: August 2019

Many people think that it is difficult to speak grammatically correct since grammar has so many rules. However, in the concept of public speaking, grammar can be used to avoid mistakes and misunderstanding, so that, the messages are delivered correctly and the targets are reached purposely. Here, the writer divides the discussion of the grammar usage into two categories; they are the function of grammar in public speaking and the grammar awareness in public speaking. In addition, it is hoped that the readers consider to pay more attention toward the grammar before saying something, especially speaking in a public speaking context.
Combining Form and Function in Language Teaching: Teaching Grammar Communicatively
Authors: Marzuki Dony
Published: August 2019

The ongoing debate concerning the best method to apply in language teaching, especially in English as Second Language andForeign Language context has been lasting for about forty years now. The first side of debaters is the supporters of form-focusedlanguage teaching method, and the other side is the supporters of function-focused method. In teaching practice, the form-focused methodviews teaching grammar and all its grammatical rules as an absolute requirement while the function-focused method believes thatacquiring good communicative skill in target language is the ultimate goal in second language learning.  Both sides claim that the methodthey use in the teaching practice as the best way to make learners acquire the target language well. Despite the advantages offered by eachmethod, some researchers, however, find out that each method is actually not free from weaknesses. By realizing the weakness of eachmethod, it seems rational for not standing on one method only in the language teaching practice. Perhaps, by combining the two methodsin the teaching practice, language teacher will gain advantages and omit weaknesses owned by each method. A new method can be formedby applying formal instruction in communicative activities.
The Refusal Strategies Used by Sellers in Pasar Raya Padang
Authors: Kemal Edwar
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi penolakan yang digunakan oleh para penjual barang di Pasar raya Padang.Penelitian ini lebih difokuskan pada ujaran-ujaran direktif yang terjadi antara pembeli dan penjual. Teori yang digunakan adalah teoriliteral and non literal dan teori langsung dan tidak langsung dari Searle (1986), teori maksim kesopanan dari Wijana (1996), dan teori tipe-tipe kalimat oleh Sinclair and Couldhard (1981). Metode penelitan adalah metode observasi dengan teknik perekaman danpencatatan.`Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 15 cara penjual dalam menunjukkan suatu penolakan, seperti bercanda, ujaranliteral atau non literal dan sebagainya. Dari segi maksim kesopanan, bentuk ujaran-ujaran yang terjadi banyak dalam bentuk tidak sopan.Hal ini disebabkan karena penjual ingin pembeli membeli langsung barang dagangan tanpa ada tawar menawar. Penjual lebih banyakmenggunakan ujaran kesopanan pada penawaran pertama. Dari segi tipe kalimat, penjual lebih banyak menggunakan tipe deklaratifdalam menjualkan barang dagangannya.
Having Self-Reliance in Pursuit of Dreams in Pascal Khooth We’S From the Land of Green Ghosts
Authors: Theresia Melati
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan analisa novel From the Land of Green Ghost (2003) karya Pascal KhooThwee dengan top Having Self-reliance in Pursuit of Dreams. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam analisa ini adalah sejauh mana suku minoritas berusaha untuk memiliki impian agar bisa keluar dari rintangan yang diciptakan oleh pemerintah dan suku mayoritas. Selanjutnya sejauh mana karakter, plot( konflik), dan settingan memberikan konstribusi dalam menggunakan makna.Tujuan dari penganalisa ini unutk mendapatkan jawaban sejauh mana novel From the Land of Green Ghost memperlihatkan perjuangan suku minoritas unutk meraih dan memiliki impian agar bisa keluar dari rintnagn dalam hidup mereka. Hal ini dipresentasikan oleh prontagonist.Prontagonist berusaha untuk keluar dari rintangan dengan cara memiliki self-reliance.Metode yang digunakan dalam analisa ini adalah context-based dan text-based interpretasi, dengan menggunakan teori in pursuit of dream oleh Albert Mensah.Hasil analisa menunjukan eksistansi dalam pendidikan dan pemerintahan, dan mereka juga mampu menjadi subjek dalam hidup mereka sendiri.Akibatnya,mereka berhasil menjadi orang yang berpendidikan dan sukses,
Designing Multimedia Through Interactive CD in Understanding Three Tenses
Authors: Analido Belinda
Published: August 2019

Spoon-feeding technique is still used by some lecturers in teaching Grammar. In spite of the role of lecturer as the provider of knowledge, the students need to actively participate either inside or outside of the classroom. Transferring valuable knowledge becomes simpler by providing the product of multimedia consisting texts, graphics, photographs, sound, video, animation. The students have many opportunities to learn tenses from the product of multimedia independently without lecturer presence. Thus, this research is aimed at developing multimedia through interactive CD based macromedia flash in learning three tenses particularly Simple Future Tense, Future Continuous Tense, and Past Continuous Tense.  This study is Research and Development. The subject of this research is the first semester students of English Education Department who take Grammar I. The steps of development are defining, developing, and evaluating multimedia. The findings of the research show that the software quality of multimedia is fairgood based on the judgement of subject expert, media expert, and the first semester students who take Grammar I.This product(Interactive Compact Disk) meets the teaching objectives of Grammar I subject.
Alur Evaluasi Materi Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Mayuasti Mayuasti , Sevrika Hevriani
Published: August 2019

In 2013 the government has launched a new curriculum for applied and implemented at all levels of education, starting from elementary school (SD), Junior High School (SMP), High School (SMA), and Level College or University. However, there still exists some problem in the implementation the curriculum 2013, the national education minister decided to postpone its implementation for schools - a new  school  run  first  semester.  While,  for  schools  that  have  conducted  one  or  more  years  may  continue  to  use  it.  Due  to  these circumstances, the researchers decided to select a few schools that exist in the city of Padang and West Sumatra that were already implementing the curriculum in 2013.To determine the development of a new curriculum, there should be an evaluation, namely the evaluation of teaching materials used by teachers in implementing the curriculum, 2013. From the research that has been conducted, the researchers found that of all schoollevels, namely junior and senior high schools in and outside the city of Padang ( West Sumatra), there are three things that have been found. First, all the material presented teachers and learning process (PBM) already is in accordance with the curriculum of 2013. Second, the material provided in accordance with the teaching indicator. Third, based on the indicators according to experts; Nunan, and Maley, 90% indicator is found in the teaching materials used by teachers - teachers in junior and senior high schools in and outside thecity of Padang (West Sumatra). Finally, the researcher construct a model which represents the cycles of teaching material evaluation.
Developing an Interactive Multimedia of Reading for Junior High School Students Grade VII
Authors: Wahyuni Nini
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research is to develop an interactive learning multimedia of reading for grade VII students of SMP N 1Piyungan, Yogyakarta. This research is a research and development (R&D) study. The development of the interactive learningmultimedia of reading was carried out through several steps, namely needs analysis, course grid design, product development,product validation, product revision, try-out, and final product development. There were some respondents involved in the study, i.e.one content expert and one media expert, 75 students or needs analysis, and 48 students for try-out. The data were collected throughclassroom observation, interview, and questionnaire. The instruments of data collection were observation guides, interview guides,expert validation sheets, and questionnaires for the students. The data were analyzed descriptively. The needs analysis data show thatthe students have various needs in learning reading through the interactive learning multimedia. For the learning needs, the studentschose various reading topics, such as hobbies (73.81%), stories (54.76%), things around us (42.86%), life in school (27.38%), andteenage life (26.19%). Some of them (40.48%) preferred reading text with 100-200 words of length. Meanwhile, for the target needs,the students preferred learning reading to improve their vocabulary (71.43%), find the main idea (58.33%), find the moral (47.62%),find the general information (48.81%), and find the meaning of words in the reading text. Some of them preferred the pictured-cueditem (46.43%), the multiple-choice (44.05%), matching (40.47%), the comprehension questions (40.47%), the short-answer (40.48%),and the ordering tasks (29.76%) for the reading learning activities. Besides, the appropriate interactive learning multimedia ofreading for grade VII students in junior high schools consisted of four reading units, namely Things around Us (descriptive text),Professions (descriptive text), Foods and Drinks (procedure text), and Hobbies (procedure text). Every unit made up of the fivecomponents: Playing with Words, Let’s Read , Did You Know, Upgrade Your Reading, and Mini Dictionary. The experts’ validation datashow that the developed interactive learning multimedia of reading was "good" based on a total mean of 4.17 on a 5-1 Likert scale.The content aspect data analysis results show a mean of 4 and the media aspect shows a mean of 4.35. In addition, the results of thetry-out indicate that the content aspect is in the "good" category with the mean of 4.01, the presentation aspect is in the "good"category with the mean of 3.83, and the media aspect is in the "good" category with the mean of 4.01.
Positive Discipline in Managing the Classroom at STIKIP PGRI West Sumatera
Authors: Sevrika Hevriani
Published: August 2019

This study was descriptive design because the writer only wanted to describe about the discipline that was used by the lecturer in the classroom. The numbers of lecturers who were as the sample of this study were two English lecturers who were teaching Grammar II subject at STKIP PGRI WEST SUMATERA. Padang, so the writer took them all as the sample through total sampling technique. To find the data in this study, the writer used some instruments which are observation checklist, video and field note. The process in taking the data which was started from coming into the classroom observed the lecturer. The writer recorded the lecturer in two meetings for each lecturer. Then writer checked the data by using observation checklist and field note.  Thus, the result of this study was all of lecturers used positive discipline in managing the classroom. Those, the lecturers used thirteen types activities of positive discipline which can be classified as following: the first type was showing a positive attitude. The lecturers show a positive attitude which was applied by two English lecturers. There were lecturer A, and B. Second, the lecturers show interest. The lecturer show interest was applied by all of the lecturers. Third, the lecturer focused on positive thinking. Fourth, the lecturer used supportive tone of voice. Fifth, they showed a sense of humour. Sixth, they listened to the students talk and taking them seriously. Seventh, acting tough the students enjoy with their jobs, it was used by all the lecturers. Eighth, used appropriate body language; it was applied by all of the lecturers. Ninth, they lowered body position. Tenth, the lecturers listened their students before judging. Eleventh, the lecturers were consistent in giving punishment and rules. Twelfth, the lecturer A separated the behaviour from the students. Thirteenth, respect diversity was applied by all the lecturers
The History Behind Badano Grand Mosque
Authors: Ningsih Afriza , Kotrini Kotrini
Published: August 2019

The History behind Badano Grand Mosque” is the history of an old mosque in Pariaman-West Sumatera. It is one of important information that needs to be shared to listeners as source of sharing information. There are a lot of old mosques still exist nowadays in West Sumatera but Badano Grand Mosque still has some interesting and uniques stories that make people in Pariaman are very proud of it. The radio feature of History behind Badano Grand Mosque will be able to attract a lot of tourists to visit this place. There are three procedures in making this project are conducted: Pre-production, Production, and Post-production. The main point of this project is production process. In production stage, there are some steps that were done such as doing interview with informants, choosing the insert, writing the script and recording the voice. The result of this project is an English script with 750 words.
The Children’s Perception toward Comic in Developing Indonesia Children’s Mentality
Authors: Hennilawati Hennilawati
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research is to see the moral values aspect in child comics by conducting sociology literature. It uses the qualitative method with the data sources are used by 10 comic Naruto. The results of this research are positive aspects of moral value, such as (1) life passion, (2) courage, (3) affection, (4) solidarity, (5) sacrifice, (6) love the homeland.
Code-Mixing on Lyrics of Batak Pop Songs Martina I Love You from Trio Romansa
Authors: Gapur Abdul , Pujiono Muhammad , Taulia Taulia
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses code-mixing that occurs in the lyrics of Batak pop songs entitled "Martina I love you" popularized by Trio Romansa. The aims to identify the form of code-mixing contained in the lyrics of the song 'Martina I love you' from Trio Romansa Trio. To analyze the form of code-mixing and the type of code-mixing in the song lyrics used code-mixing theory which refers to the opinion of Suwito (1983). The method used is descriptive qualitative, namely research that is collecting, processing data and analyzing data at the time the research was conducted. The conclusions obtained from this paper are a code–mixing of Indonesian and English into the Batak language in the song lyrics. The mixed code forms contained in the song lyrics consist of the insertion of words, phrases and clauses. The insertion of words in the form of words in Indonesian is one word, phrases in Indonesian are three phrases, and clauses in English are ten clauses. The type of code-mixing used in the song lyrics is in the form of outer code mixing and inner code mixing. The code-mixing that occurs is related to the context of song content, the limitations of suitable vocabulary in Batak language and prestige in language.
Modulation Found in Translation of Poco Lo Coco Movie
Authors: Ningrum Widya , Hasan Diana Chitra , Fauzan Al Azwad
Published: August 2019

The aims of this study are to find the types of modulation strategy in translation Poco Lo Coco movie and describe the accuracy of modulation of English to Indonesian. The research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this  research are the utterances or sentences in movie subtitle both English and Indonesian with the source of the data of this research is Poco Lo coco movie.The data collected by watching the movie, and categorized the collected data based on types of modulation strategy and asses accuracy of modulation. The writer find out there are three types of modulation found in the Poco Lo Coco movie such as free modulation, addiction or creation, point of view shift.While the translation using modulation procedure could be concluded categorized as accurate, less accurate and inaccurate.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there are three from eleven types of modulation are found in the movie subtitle:Poco Lo coco.
Reading Aloud Activity in ESP Class in the Perspectives of Students
Authors: Indrianti Titien
Published: August 2019

Many studies have contradicted the reading aloud with silent reading instruction in EFL classroom. However, each viewpoint has its own arguments. Those in support of a silent reading claim that there exists psycho logical involvement in the mind of each reader and any written content. Through silent reading activity, students are trained to grasp the meaning of the text as int ended by the writer. On the other hand, the power of reading aloud cannot be seen as simplistic. Some believe that out loud reading instruction aid students to acquire new words and correct pronunciation, and comprehend language forms and mechanics, especially those with low English p roficiency. The students of Business Administration Department, State Polytechnic of Malang learn English as a foreign language in their ESP class. However, they still have insufficient English proficiency. In their English class, the reading aloud activity has been practiced as a method of instruction.On the basis of the above-mentioned background, this study intends to obtain the perspectives of students towards reading aloud activity in their ESP class. The problems of the study include (1) students’ viewpoint toward the benefit of reading aloud activity; (2) whether students feel any improvement in their English and aspects of the improvement; and (3) sorts of problems they encount er when dealing with reading aloud. The data are analysed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the students view a lot of benefits in reading aloud activity as it is building their self-confidence, recalling vocabulary, improving pronunciation, and managing pace and intonation in their reading.
Needs Analysis of English Department Students in Translating Text for Completing the Final Project at State Polytechnic of Padang
Authors: Djonnaidi Silvia , Wahyuni Nini
Published: August 2019

This study discusses aboutNeeds Analysis of English Department Students in Translating Text for Completing The Final Project at State Polytechnic of Padang. The purpose of this research specifically is to find out what are the needs related to the students difficulties when they are translating text, and what are the best procedure, strategy or method used to translate any kinds of text . The data are collected from English department students who are taking translation for their final project. This study can give a contribution for developing translation curriculum at English Department State Polytechnic of Padang.The data collection methods use questionnaires, observations, and interviews. These methods are important to get information about the the difficulties experience during translating text, students skills that need to be improved, and other additional information. By conducting this needs analysis study, the lecturers will know what the proper method or material that needs to be applied in teaching learning process. It also can be used to develop teaching and learning material. Moreover, these identificationscan be used to find and revise the previous course content in translation. Therefore, it is hoped that the students could be helped when they are writing their final project about this topic.This research starts by designing the needs analysis questionnaires for the students, the ex students, and the related parties. Then, it is tested to find out the validity and reliability. After getting the validity and reliability data, the questionnaire is distributed to the students, ex students, and teachers or industry. The result shows that there are three kinds of needs which have to be fulfilled in order to improve students skills in translating text for the final project, they are: objectives needs, learning needs and the learner’s needs.
Pathogenicity of Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules to grapevine rootstocks
Authors: Probst Chantal M. , Ridgway Hayley J. , Jaspers Marlene V. , Jones E. Eirian
Published: August 2019

Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry, with several Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species identified as causal agents worldwide. This study aimed to confirm the pathogenicity of an Ilyonectria pseudodestructans isolate recovered from a symptomatic grapevine in a nationwide survey. An initial pot experiment inoculated callused and root-wounded grapevine propagation material of varieties ‘101- 14’ and ‘5C’ with I. pseudodestructans conidia. The second pot experiment compared the pathogenicity of I. pseudodestructans conidial, chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Disease incidence, severity and root and shoot dry weights were determined after 4–5 months of growth. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans was recovered from inoculated plants resulting in higher disease incidence and severity compared with the uninoculated control. Disease severity and incidence was higher for callused compared to rooted propagation material, but did not differ between grapevine varieties. Conidial inoculum caused greater disease incidence and severity compared with chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules infected grapevine plant material via the callused basal ends or wounded roots, indicating this species is a potentially important pathogen of grapevines both in nurseries and vineyards.
JARDIM VERTICAL E HORTA COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM ESCOLA EM ITUIUTABA-MG
Authors: Costa Estevam Matheus , Mineu Humberto Ferreira Silva , Araujo Arali Aparecida Costa , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Alves Luciana Cristina de Oliveira , Costa Felippe Bryan , Mendes Gabriel Ribeiro
Published: August 2019

Este projeto teve como objetivo auxiliar na formação consciente de estudantes do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública no município de Ituiutaba, MG, por meio da implantação de jardim vertical e horta como ferramenta de educação ambiental. As oficinas foram realizadas em uma escola e o projeto foi dividido em quatro oficinas sendo a primeira oficina voltada para a questão dos resíduos sólidos e os prejuízos que estes acarretam ao meio ambiente e aos seres humanos. Na segunda oficina, foram apresentados as espécies vegetais, bem como seus benefícios e sua utilização. Na terceira foram abordadas questões relacionadas à compostagem dos resíduos domésticos. Ao final desta etapa, em uma das escolas, os alunos fizeram composteiras utilizando matéria orgânica da própria escola. O conhecimento construído a partir deste projeto permite que a comunidade crie seus jardins verticais e hortas para uso próprio ou até mesmo com finalidade comercial, praticando o manejo adequado e respeitando o meio ambiente. É possível pontuar que o jardim vertical nas escolas também pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de educação aplicando conceitos da interdisciplinaridade e de atividades práticas a fim de melhorar o entendimento dos alunos sobre diferentes temas.
METODOLOGIAS DE COLETA NA AVALIAÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE EDÁFICA EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA CILIAR
Authors: DERENGOSKI JOSEANE APARECIDA , SANTOS RUTHES BARBARA ELIS , ZANELLATO DAIANE CRISTINA , TESSARO DINÉIA
Published: August 2019

Os ecossistemas florestais exercem papel fundamental em inúmeros processos que envolvem a manutenção e a qualidade de vida dos organismos edáficos. Contudo, isolar, identificar e quantificar estes indivíduos ainda é considerado uma tarefa difícil, sendo empregadas diversas técnicas que auxiliam na sua captura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as metodologias de coleta Pitfall e Provid, na avaliação da comunidade edáfica em um fragmento de floresta ciliar. A área de estudo é uma área de preservação permanente, localizada em Dois Vizinhos - PR. Foram instaladas aleatoriamente pela floresta, 12 armadilhas de cada metodologia, contendo solução conservante de formol a 4%, permanecendo a campo por sete dias. Os organismos foram triados e classificados ao nível de ordem com auxílio de estereomicroscópio. As abundâncias e riquezas obtidas foram submetidas a testes de normalidade e homogeneidade de variância e as metodologias comparadas entre si por teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foram calculados a frequência relativa e os índices ecológicos de Shannon-Wiener e Pielou. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as metodologias avaliadas na coleta da fauna edáfica em uma floresta ciliar. A armadilha Pitfall possui praticidades por ser um recipiente fechado, facilitando a instalação e retirada das amostras do campo.
LEVANTAMENTO PRINCIPAIS DEFENSIVOS AGRÍCOLAS COMERCIALIZADOS NA REGIÃO DOS CAMPOS DE CIMA DA SERRA/RS E REGIÃO DE ALTITUDE/SC PARA USO NA VITIVINICULTURA
Authors: Wurz Douglas André , Reinehr Juliana , Canossa Adrielen Tamiris , Outemane Marcus , Rufato Leo
Published: August 2019

Um dos fatores que vem prejudicando os viticultores é a falta de orientação técnica na produção vitícola, muitas vezes o produtor fica na dependência de orientações técnicas passadas pelos representantes das empresas que comercializam agrotóxicos. Nesse contexto, tem-se como objetivo desse estudo, realizar levantamento dos principais fungicidas, inseticidas e herbicidas comercializados por revendas na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul e Região de Altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente estudo foi realizado em 2017, através de um levantamento realizado em revendas de produtos fitossanitários, compreendendo os municípios de Vacaria/RS e São Joaquim/SC. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de entrevista, com o vendedor responsável da revendedora, questionando quais os principais fungicidas, inseticidas e herbicidas comercializados na respectiva região. Os fungicidas mais citados foram Orthocide 500 (14,3%), Mythos (10,7%) e Dithane NT (10,7%).  Ao total foram citados quinze diferentes inseticidas comerciais que mais são comercializados pelas revendas nessas duas regiões, com destaque para o Decis 25 EC, com uma frequência absoluta de 07 e frequência relativa de 46,7%, seguido pelo Suprathion citado por duas revendas, com uma frequência relativa de 13,3%.  Observou-se, através dos questionários, que seis produtos estão entre os mais comercializados para a cultura da videira, com destaque o Gramoxone 200, citado por seis revendas, apresentando uma frequência relativa de 50%, e em seguida o Round Up, com frequência relativa de 16,7%.  A maioria dos produtos apresenta classe toxicológica III (45%), seguido da classe toxicológica I (35%), classe toxicológica (14%) e classe toxicológica IV (6%). Nenhum produto citado enquadra-se na Classe Ambiental IV –. Já as classes II, III e I representam 61,3%, 32,3% e 6,5% dos produtos comercializados pelas revendas nas duas regiões vitícolas de estudo.
JARDIM CLONAL, TÉCNICA EFICIENTE PARA A PROPAGAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE PEREIRA.
Authors: Camargo Samila Silva , Meneguzzi Aline , Richter Adrik Francis , Magro Maicon , Bastos Fernanda Espíndola Assumpção , Rufato Leo
Published: August 2019

A obtenção de mudas de qualidade e a escolha do porta-enxerto estão relacionados com o equilíbrio vegeto-produtivo da planta. Verificou-se a eficiência da técnica do jardim clonal para três cultivares de porta-enxertos de pereira e consequentemente, a indução de novas raízes e brotações. Foram realizados três experimentos, sendo o enraizamento de estacas de porta-enxertos de pereira (OHxF 69, OHxF 87 e CAV 03), sob diferentes concentrações de regulador de crescimento; o segundo uma comparação do fator cultivar, com a concentração de AIB mais adequada do estudo anterior e; o efeito da presença de folhas e controle da temperatura, umidade e fotoperíodo no estímulo de brotação das estacas. A técnica de jardim clonal é eficiente para a propagação de mudas de porta-enxertos de pereira e 1000 mg L-1 de AIB proporciona estacas de maior comprimento para as três cultivares, entretanto, ‘CAV 03’ se destaca das demais, com maior número e comprimento médio de raízes, com 2000 mg L-1 de AIB. Para a cultivar CAV 03, o estímulo de indução a novas brotações, mais longas e com maior número de folhas, ocorre em condições de 360 horas a temperatura de 24 ± 1ºC, 0% de umidade relativa e fotoperíodo de 24 horas.
BIOESTIMULANTE PODE MELHORAR O CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO AMENDOIM QUANDO SEMEADOS EM DIFERENTES PROFUNDADES?
Authors: Souza Salles Josiane , Da Silva Oliveira Carlos Eduardo , Pereira Abaker João Eduardo , Silva Ferreira Thales , Zoz Tiago
Published: August 2019

O aumento da profundidade de semeadura afeta a germinação da semente, promovendo um prolongamento no período para a emergência de plantas, com o uso de regulador vegetal a planta sofre estímulos de crescimento acelerando seu desenvolvimento, amenizando efeitos adversos na cultura. Com base nisto o objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar o efeito da inteiração do uso de Stimulate® e da profundidade de semeadura na emergência e no crescimento inicial amendoim em solos arenosos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2 x 4. O primeiro fator foi composto pela do Stimulate® nas sementes. O segundo fator foi composto pelas diferentes profundidades de semeadura do amendoim. A utilização de Stimulate® promove menor porcentagem de emergência de plantas de amendoim. O volume e a massa seca do sistema radicular aumentaram de acordo com aumento da profundidade de semeadura. A profundidade de 6 cm promoveu menor tempo médio de emergência. Quando semeado em maior profundidade produziu incremento das características de crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal. O estabelecimento inicial da cultura do amendoim foi prejudicado pelo uso de bioestimulante. O bioestimulante não melhora o crescimento inicial das plantas de amendoim quando semeado em maior profundidade.
ANÁLISE DA TEORIA DA ENTROPIA UTILIZANDO DADOS PLUVIOMÉTRICOS NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Soares do Nascimento Izaias Romário , De Farias Borges Péricles , Da Silva Rodrigues Edileide Natália , Marinho Coutinho de Souza Felipe , De Almeida Cartaxo Paulo Henrique , De Souto Araújo Lázaro , De Oliveira Santos João Paulo
Published: August 2019

O estudo da precipitação é de grande importância, visto a importância dessa variável no ciclo hidrológico e em diversas atividades humanas. A entropia como teoria da incerteza, permite o estudo da variabilidade da precipitação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade da precipitação no estado da Paraíba por meio da teoria da entropia de Shannon. Foram utilizados dados diários de precipitação de um período de 11 anos, de 51 postos pluviométricos distribuídos na Paraíba, aos quais foi aplicada a teoria da entropia para cálculo da entropia anual e após isso a construção de mapas de entropia, precipitação e número de dias com chuvas para o Estado da Paraíba e suas mesorregiões. As maiores precipitações foram observadas na Mata paraibana com valores entre 900 e 1600 mm anuais, no Agreste há uma amplitude maior da precipitação, onde os valores variaram entre 450 a 1150 mm, no Sertão tem-se pouca variação espacial. O número de dia com chuvas tem pouca variação no estado, sendo que em parte do Agreste e na Mata paraibana tem-se maiores valores. A entropia teve comportamento semelhante a precipitação e ao número de dias com chuvas. A variabilidade espacial da precipitação é bastante acentuada na Paraíba, sendo menor no Sertão do estado, exceto para a microrregião de Teixeira; a variabilidade temporal da precipitação é maior em localidades com menor número de dias chuvosos e menor precipitação anual, dependendo não unicamente do total acumulado.
DETERMINAÇÃO DOS COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO DE PRIMEIRA SAFRA, SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS E DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS
Authors: Ecco Martios , Lengert Paulo Henrique , Calixto Guilherme Borghetti , Kieling Pablo , Martini Elvis
Published: August 2019

A adoção de espaçamentos com menores e maiores densidades de semeadura estão cada vez mais presentes na agricultura, sendo de extrema importância identificar qual o melhor arranjo de plantas a se utilizar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o melhor espaçamento e densidade a ser utilizado a fim de se obter melhores componentes de produção e produtividade final. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três espaçamentos entre linhas (0,50; 0,70 e 0,90 m) e as subparcelas, foram constituídas por quatro densidades populacionais (40 mil, 60 mil, 80 mil e 100 mil plantas por hectare), totalizando 12 tratamentos. A interação espaçamento x população não obtiveram diferença significativa. As diferentes populações avaliadas foram significativas para todos os componentes de produção, já para o espaçamento só não houve diferença significativa para comprimento de espiga, diâmetro de espiga e massa de mil grãos.
TAMANHO DA SEMENTE E POTENCIAL FISIOLÓGICO DE TRIGO SARRACENO
Authors: Ponce Raissa Marrafon , Costa Denis Santiago , Lima Luiz Henrique Silva , Ibanhes Neto Helio Fernandes , Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari
Published: August 2019

O tamanho das sementes pode ser um indicativo do potencial fisiológico da mesma, apresentando uma relação direta com a germinação e vigor, entretanto, existe divergência nos resultados encontrados em relação à espécie e cultivar. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fisiológico de duas cultivares de trigo sarraceno (IPR 91-Baili e IPR 92-Altar), em função do tamanho da semente. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterização das cultivares, quanto à porcentagem de sementes retidas em peneiras de 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 e 5,5 mm e em seguida, a construção de um histograma para tomada de decisão sobre quais peneiras utilizar. Após a seleção, as sementes pertencentes ao lote original e as classificadas em peneiras de 3,5; 4,0; 4,5 e 5,0 mm foram submetidas a avaliações de germinação, e vigor (índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e raiz). Constatou-se que o tamanho da semente influenciou a porcentagem de germinação e o vigor das mesmas. A germinação e o vigor das sementes foram maiores quando provenientes da peneira de tamanho 5,0 mm. A cultivar IPR 91-Baili apresentou melhor desempenho, ao produzir plântulas com maior comprimento de raiz em relação a cultivar IPR 92-Altar.
PEMBERDAYAAN INDUSTRI KOPRA PUTIH DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR YANG BERKUALITAS DAN BERDAYA SAING TINGGI
Authors: Amheka Adrianus , I. Nafi Sulche , J. D Lalel Herianus
Published: August 2019

Beberapa kendala industri kopra di Provinsi NTT tidak berkembang baik oleh karenamenurunnya produktivitas dengan menerapkan sistim konvensional selain kurangnya kapasitasmasyarakat dalam memahami kondisi optimal produk guna menjaga kualitas dan daya saingproduk. Untuk menjaga peningkatan dan keberlanjutan produk tersebut sekaligus menjawabpermasalahan masyarakat usaha kopra perlu adanya dukungan majamen yang kuat selain upayamenumbuh kembangkan semangat inovasi dan keunikan produk berdaya saing tinggi. Obyekpengabdian dilakukan pada Industri kopra â€Bangun Mandiriâ€ yang berlokasi di Kota Kupang,Provinsi NTT guna berdampak pada intensitas produk serta kapasitas pekerja yang jauh lebihefisien. Adapun tujuan program untuk memperluasan pemasaran antar pulau gunameningkatkan kualitas dan daya saing produk sekaligus penopang kesejahteraan masyarakat.Solusi penyediaan mesin dan peralatan pendukung serta rehabilitasi rumah produksi danmanajemen menjadi fokus aktivitas program. Adapun hasil yang dicapai sesuai tujuan dan targetdalam bentuk realisasi pemecahan masalah antara lain peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitasproduk kopra putih; peningkatan investasi fasilitas pendukung pemasaran; peningkatan omzetpenjualan mencapai 30% pertahun serta stimulasi jiwa inovasi mitra industri yang mengashilkandiversifikasi produk olahan kopra yang unik, berdaya saing tinggi yang berdampak padaperluasan wilayah pemasaran antar pulau secara professional.Kata Kunci: Industri Kopra, Mesin Pengering, Produktivitas
AGENSIFIKASI (AGENCIFICATION) DAN EFIENSI: ANALANALISIS PADA BADAN LAYANAN UMUM RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Aditia - , Waluyo Budi
Published: August 2019

Agencification is a kind of public service reform aimed to achieving good governance. Agencification on several public agencies in Indonesia is conducted through the implementation of Financial Management Pattern on Public Service Agency. This model emphasizes the application of financial flexibility, the principles of productivity, effiency, and effectiveness. In health sector, the government has required the implementation of Financial Management Pattern Public Service Agency for government hospitals.The purpose of this study is to measure the efficiency of the selected Hospitals, which implement Public Service Agency, based on the hospital classification and identify input variavbles that significantly affect the efficiency of the Hospitals. This study describes a through and deep understanding around the calculation and analysis of the efficiency of the central Hospitals. This study uses a quantitative approuch to obtain evidence related to the measurement of Hospitals efficiency. Data and information obtained through observation and study of documentation. Furthermore, the data were statistically analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis models.The analysis showed that for General Hospital, 9 of 17 instituctions are efficient in relative and 8 institutions are inefficient relative to the other. Meanwhile, for Special Hospital, 10 of 17 institutions are efficient in relative and 7 instutions are infficient relative to the other. Input variables that significantly influence the efficiency of the Hospitals are considered the number of beds (with coefficient 114.6217), the number of doctors (with coefficient -55.52), and the number of health workers other than doctors (with coefficient -1.849583). While the other two input variables, namely the number of non-health personnel and operating expenses do not significantly affect the efficiency of the Hospitals.