bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Chang Chun‐Wei , Lin Mei‐Huei , Wang Cheng‐Chung
Published: September 2020

Chemical synthesis is one of the practical approaches to access carbohydrate‐based natural products and their derivatives with high quality and in a large quantity. However, stereoselectivity during the glycosylation reaction is the main challenge because the reaction can generate both α‐ and β‐glycosides. The main focus of the present article is the concept of recent mechanistic studies that have applied statistical analysis and quantitation for defining stereoselective changes during the reaction process. Based on experimental evidence, a detailed discussion associated with the mechanism and degree of influence affecting the stereoselective outcome of glycosylation is included.
Herstellung von Nanokomposit‐Dünnschichten mit speziellen magnetischen Eigenschaften aus nanopartikulären Bausteinen
Authors: Preller Tobias , Menzel Dirk , Knickmeier Saskia , Temel Bilal , Garnweitner Georg
Published: September 2020

Die Kombination von Materialien mit unterschiedlichen magnetischen Eigenschaften auf der Nanoskala führt durch Kopplungseffekte zu Phänomenen wie der sogenannten unidirektionalen Austauschanisotropie, die z. B. für Speichermedien oder magnetische Sensoren großes Potenzial besitzt. Während solche Strukturen bislang nur über komplexe Prozesse der alternierenden Abscheidung aus der Gasphase zugänglich sind und daher noch keine breite Anwendung gefunden haben, würde die Herstellung aus Dispersionen von Nanopartikeln nicht nur eine wesentliche Vereinfachung darstellen, sondern auch eine breite Vielfalt von Materialkombinationen und Strukturen ermöglichen. Hierbei stellt die Prozessierung hartmagnetischer Nanopartikel eine Herausforderung dar, die jedoch durch die Verwendung von Vorläufermaterialien mit anschließender Phasenumwandlung gelöst werden kann.
Molchtechnik im Wandel
Authors: Volkmer Pascal
Published: September 2020

Ein neues Molchsystem sorgt für mehr Betriebshygiene bei der Verbindung zwischen Behältern aus Rohstofflagern, Produktionsbereichen und Fertigwarenlagern.
Schüttgüter besser um die Ecke bringen
Authors: Bucher Klaus
Published: September 2020

Ein übermäßiger Verschleiß, damit einhergehende Ausfälle sowie anfallende Reparaturkosten werden mit der neuen Umlenkstation SFA60 für Schüttgut‐Förderanlagen weitgehend vermieden.
Mit Objekterkennung der Betreiberverantwortung gerecht werden
Authors: Schlüter Kai ,   H. Timm Elektronik GmbH, Reinbeck
Published: September 2020

Eine Lösung fur die Probleme herkömmlicher Erdungssysteme bietet das TIMM Erdungstestgerät EKX‐FIBC. Es vereint die gesetzlichen Regularien und Best‐Practice‐Ansprüche der Betreiber in einem Produkt und kann in den explosionsgeschutzten Zonen 1/21 und 2/2 eingesetzt werden.
Risk and predictors of dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy in left bundle branch block with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Barot Harsh V. , Schwartzman Andrew D. , Ganatra Sarju , Shah Sachin P. , Venesy David M. , Patten Richard D.
Published: September 2020

Background

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) and left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony likely contribute to progressive systolic dysfunction. The evaluation of newly recognized LBBB includes screening for structural heart abnormalities and coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients whose LV ejection fraction (EF) is preserved during initial testing, the incidence of subsequent cardiomyopathy is not firmly established.

Hypothesis

The risk of developing LV systolic dysfunction among LBBB patients with preserved LVEF is high enough to warrant serial imaging.

Methods

We screened records of 1000 consecutive patients with LBBB from our ECG database and identified subjects with an initially preserved LVEF (≥45%) without clinically relevant CAD or other cause for cardiomyopathy. Baseline imaging, clinical data, and follow‐up imaging were recorded to determine the risk of subsequent LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF ≤40%).

Results

(Data are mean + SD) 784 subjects were excluded, the majority for CAD or depressed LVEF upon initial imaging. Of the remaining 216, 37 (17%) developed a decline in LVEF(≤40%) over a mean follow‐up of 55 ± 31 months; 94% of these patients had a baseline LVEF≤60% and LV end systolic diameter (ESD) ≥ 2.9 cm indicating that these measures may be useful to define which patients warrant longitudinal follow‐up. The negative predictive value of a LVEF>60% and LVESD <2.9 cm was 98%.

Conclusions

Seventeen percent of patients with LBBB and initial preserved LVEF develop dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy. We believe the risk of developing dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy is high enough to warrant serial assessment of LV systolic function in this high‐risk population.
Chemotion Repository, a Curated Repository for Reaction Information and Analytical Data
Authors: Tremouilhac Pierre , Huang Pei‐Chi , Lin Chia‐Lin , Huang Yu‐Chieh , Nguyen An , Jung Nicole , Bach Felix , Bräse Stefan
Published: September 2020

For scientific progress, access to information and data is of highest importance. While in the past, scientific results in chemistry were published in most of the cases without original data records, a currently arising cultural change concerning the provision of research data offers new chances for the quality and speed of scientific progress. The repository Chemotion is an infrastructure that was established for chemistry and related disciplines to preserve molecular synthesis and characterization data. The focus of the repository is on data of chemical reactions and processes including the corresponding analytical data such as chromatography or spectroscopy data. The repository provides these data for other scientists to foster their re‐use and to allow a fast reproduction of published work. To achieve this goal, several automated but also peer‐review mechanisms in the repository support the providers with suitably preparing their data.
An efficient list scheduling algorithm with task duplication for scientific big data workflow in heterogeneous computing environments
Authors: Ahmad Wakar , Alam Bashir
Published: September 2020

A high‐performance heterogeneous computing environment provides computing resources for efficient computation of scientific Big Data workflow applications. A Big Data workflow application comprises thousands of interdependent tasks with precedence constraints. Basically, the performance of heterogeneous computing systems mainly depends on the workflow scheduling algorithms. These workflow scheduling algorithms are considered an NP‐complete problem. In this article, a List Scheduling with Task Duplication (LSTD) algorithm is proposed that efficiently minimizes the makespan of workflow applications. The LSTD introduces task duplication strategy in the list scheduling algorithm without increasing the overall time complexity. The overall functionality of LSTD mainly consists of three phases. In the first phase, it calculates the rank of the tasks for deciding the scheduling order. The next step is responsible for duplicating the entry task on the processor only if it increases the overall efficiency and avoids processor overloading. Finally, in the last step, the processor is assigned to the tasks based on the popular insertion‐based policy that attempts to insert the task among two earlier assigned tasks on a given processor in earliest idle time. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, several existing well‐known algorithms, such as Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (HEFT), Critical Path on a Processor (CPOP), and Predict Earliest Finish Time (PEFT) are considered for comparison. A non‐duplication version of LSTD named List Scheduling without Task Duplication algorithm is also considered for performance evaluation. The experimental analysis based on scientific Big Data workflows (CyberShake, Montage, and LIGO) proves that LSTD significantly surpasses all considered scheduling heuristics concerning schedule length ratio, the percentage of best results, and average running time metrics.
Establishment and Culture of Human Intestinal Organoids Derived from Adult Stem Cells
Authors: Pleguezuelos‐Manzano Cayetano , Puschhof Jens , van den Brink Stieneke , Geurts Veerle , Beumer Joep , Clevers Hans
Published: September 2020

Human intestinal organoids derived from adult stem cells are miniature ex vivo versions of the human intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids are useful tools for the study of intestinal physiology as well as many disease conditions. These organoids present numerous advantages compared to immortalized cell lines, but working with them requires dedicated techniques. The protocols described in this article provide a basic guide to establishment and maintenance of human intestinal organoids derived from small intestine and colon biopsies. Additionally, this article provides an overview of several downstream applications of human intestinal organoids. © 2020 The Authors.

Basic Protocol 1: Establishment of human small intestine and colon organoid cultures from fresh biopsies

Basic Protocol 2: Mechanical splitting, passage, and expansion of human intestinal organoids

Alternate Protocol: Differentiation of human intestinal organoids

Basic Protocol 3: Cryopreservation and thawing of human intestinal organoids

Basic Protocol 4: Immunofluorescence staining of human intestinal organoids

Basic Protocol 5: Generation of single‐cell clonal intestinal organoid cultures

Support Protocol 1: Production of Wnt3A conditioned medium

Support Protocol 2: Production of Rspo1 conditioned medium

Support Protocol 3: Extraction of RNA from intestinal organoid cultures
Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐125 Derived Mg2+‐Doped Mesoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Feng Xuhui , Pan Fuping , Zhang Peng , Wang Xiao , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Huang Yongheng , Li Ying
Published: September 2020

In this study, Mg2+‐doped mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts derived from Mg2+ adsorption (MA) process on MIL‐125, a metal‐organic framework material, were prepared and employed for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to produce CO. The Mg2+ doping concentration was controlled by varying the Mg2+ concentration in the Mg2+ adsorption process. It was demonstrated that the Mg2+ doping promoted the generation of surface Ti3+ and significantly increased transient photocurrent density. Over a 4 h UV/Vis irradiation period, the best performing photocatalyst, 1MA, delivered a CO production rate ∼20 times higher than that of P25, a commercially available TiO2 nanopowder. It is believed that the Mg2+ adsorption process introduced more favorable properties to the TiO2 photocatalysts, such as higher surface area and porosity for more reactive sites, and concentrated surface Ti3+ centers for improved charge transfer.
Assessing Soil Health: Soil Water Cycling
Authors: Morgan Cristine L.S.
Published: September 2020

The following article is the first in a five‐part series on assessing soil health. It focuses on soil water cycling. It is part of a larger Soil Science Society of America webinar series produced in partnership with The Soil Health Institute and sponsored by The Walton Family Foundation. Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/860.
Which Recommendation Tools Are Best for Achieving the Economically Optimal Nitrogen Rate?
Authors: Ransom Curtis J. , Kitchen Newell R.
Published: September 2020

Determining which corn nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate recommendation tools best predict crop N need would be valuable for maximizing profits and minimizing environmental consequences. To assist farmers with corn N rate decisions, multiple publicly available recommendation tools have been developed over the years. With the numerous tools available to farmers, the question arises: which of these tools consistently recommend N rates closest to the economically optimal N rate (EONR)? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/845.
High‐sensitivity flow cytometric assays: Considerations for design control and analytical validation for identification of Rare events
Authors: Sommer Ulrike , Eck Steven , Marszalek Laura , Stewart Jennifer J. , Bradford Jolene , McCloskey Thomas W. , Green Cherie , Vitaliti Alessandra , Oldaker Teri , Litwin Virginia
Published: September 2020

The current consensus recommendation papers dealing with the unique requirements for the analytical validation of assays performed by flow cytometry address the validation of sensitivity (both analytical and functional) only in general terms. In this paper, a detailed approach for designing and validating the sensitivity of rare event methods is described. The impact of panel design and optimization on the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and suggestions for reporting data near, or below, the LLOQ are addressed. This paper serves to provide best practices for the development, optimization, and analytical validation of flow cytometric assays designed to assess rare events. Note that this paper does not discuss clinical sensitivity validation, which addresses the positive and negative predictive value of the test result.
Connect with faculty and staff to positively influence campus culture
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: September 2020

In my last column, disability services directors shared their ideas for encouraging faculty to direct students to your office for support. But you may also have an interest in creating a more welcoming, inclusive environment.
Agriculture creates subtle genetic structure among migratory and nonmigratory populations of burrowing owls throughout North America
Authors: Macías‐Duarte Alberto , Conway Courtney J. , Culver Melanie
Published: September 2020

Population structure across a species distribution primarily reflects historical, ecological, and evolutionary processes. However, large‐scale contemporaneous changes in land use have the potential to create changes in habitat quality and thereby cause changes in gene flow, population structure, and distributions. As such, land‐use changes in one portion of a species range may explain declines in other portions of their range. For example, many burrowing owl populations have declined or become extirpated near the northern edge of the species' breeding distribution during the second half of the 20th century. In the same period, large extensions of thornscrub were converted to irrigated agriculture in northwestern Mexico. These irrigated areas may now support the highest densities of burrowing owls in North America. We tested the hypothesis that burrowing owls that colonized this recently created owl habitat in northwestern Mexico originated from declining migratory populations from the northern portion of the species' range (migration‐driven breeding dispersal whereby long‐distance migrants from Canada and the United States became year‐round residents in the newly created irrigated agriculture areas in Mexico). We used 10 novel microsatellite markers to genotype 1,560 owls from 36 study locations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. We found that burrowing owl populations are practically panmictic throughout the entire North American breeding range. However, an analysis of molecular variance provided some evidence that burrowing owl populations in northwestern Mexico and Canada together are more genetically differentiated from the rest of the populations in the breeding range, lending some support to our migration‐driven breeding dispersal hypothesis. We found evidence of subtle genetic differentiation associated with irrigated agricultural areas in southern Sonora and Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico. Our results suggest that land use can produce location‐specific population dynamics leading to subtle genetic structure even in the absence of dispersal barriers.
Ecomorphology of the pectoral girdle in anurans (Amphibia, Anura): Shape diversity and biomechanical considerations
Authors: Engelkes Karolin , Kath Lena , Kleinteich Thomas , Hammel Jörg U. , Beerlink André , Haas Alexander
Published: September 2020

Frogs and toads (Lissamphibia: Anura) show a diversity of locomotor modes that allow them to inhabit a wide range of habitats. The different locomotor modes are likely to be linked to anatomical specializations of the skeleton within the typical frog Bauplan. While such anatomical adaptations of the hind limbs and the pelvic girdle are comparably well understood, the pectoral girdle received much less attention in the past. We tested for locomotor‐mode‐related shape differences in the pectoral girdle bones of 64 anuran species by means of micro‐computed‐tomography‐based geometric morphometrics. The pectoral girdles of selected species were analyzed with regard to the effects of shape differences on muscle moment arms across the shoulder joint and stress dissipation within the coracoid. Phylogenetic relationships, size, and locomotor behavior have an effect on the shape of the pectoral girdle in anurans, but there are differences in the relative impact of these factors between the bones of this skeletal unit. Remarkable shape diversity has been observed within locomotor groups indicating many‐to‐one mapping of form onto function. Significant shape differences have mainly been related to the overall pectoral girdle geometry and the shape of the coracoid. Most prominent shape differences have been found between burrowing and nonburrowing species with headfirst and backward burrowing species significantly differing from one another and from the other locomotor groups. The pectoral girdle shapes of burrowing species have generally larger moment arms for (simulated) humerus retractor muscles across the shoulder joint, which might be an adaptation to the burrowing behavior. The mechanisms of how the moment arms were enlarged differed between species and were associated with differences in the reaction of the coracoid to simulated loading by physiologically relevant forces.
Early benefits of empagliflozin in patients with or without heart failure: findings from EMPA‐REG OUTCOME
Authors: Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Fitchett David , Zeller Cordula , Wanner Christoph , George Jyothis , Zinman Bernard , Brueckmann Martina , Lindenfeld JoAnn
Published: September 2020

Aims

The EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated reductions in cardiovascular (CV) death and heart failure (HF) outcomes with empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes and established CV disease over a study period of 3 years. We aimed to investigate the early benefit–risk profile of empagliflozin in patients enrolled in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial according to HF status at baseline.

Methods and results

The effects of treatments on glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure and body weight, and on the HF endpoints of hospitalization for HF (HHF), HHF or CV death, and HHF or all‐cause mortality were evaluated at 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after randomization. Occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during these time points was also evaluated. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin lowered glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and body weight and rates of all the HF endpoints, as early as at 12 weeks, regardless of HF status at baseline. Favourable clinical and metabolic effects were maintained over time. AEs were generally higher in those with HF than without HF; however, compared with placebo, empagliflozin did not increase risk of developing AEs over the first year of treatment.

Conclusions

In the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, the use of empagliflozin led to early and beneficial effects on clinical, metabolic, and HF outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without HF at baseline, which were already apparent within 12 weeks from initiation of treatment. Over the first year of treatment, no safety concern was detected with the use of empagliflozin.
Non‐insulin antihyperglycaemic drugs and heart failure: an overview of current evidence from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Schrage Benedikt , Cosentino Francesco , Lund Lars H. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Seferovic Petar , Butler Javed
Published: September 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent in the general population and especially in patients with heart failure (HF). It is not only a risk factor for incident HF, but is also associated with worse outcomes in prevalent HF. Therefore, antihyperglycaemic management in patients at risk of or with established HF is of importance to reduce morbidity/mortality. Following revision of the drug approval process in 2008 by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, several cardiovascular outcome trials on antihyperglycaemic drugs have recently investigated HF endpoints. Signals of harm in terms of increased risk of HF have been identified for thiazolidinediones and the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor saxagliptin, and therefore, these drugs are not currently recommended in HF. Sulfonylureas also have an unfavourable safety profile and should be avoided in patients at increased risk of/with HF. Observational studies have assessed the use of metformin in patients with HF, showing potential safety and potential survival/morbidity benefits. Overall use of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists has not been linked with any clear benefit in terms of HF outcomes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have consistently shown to reduce risk of HF‐related outcomes in T2DM with and without HF and are thus currently recommended to lower risk of HF hospitalization in T2DM. Recent findings from the DAPA‐HF trial support the use of dapagliflozin in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and, should ongoing trials with empagliflozin, sotagliflozin, and canagliflozin prove efficacy, will pave the way for SGLT2i as HF treatment regardless of T2DM.
Quantification of cancer driver mutations in human breast and lung DNA using targeted, error‐corrected CarcSeq
Authors: Harris Kelly L. , Walia Vijay , Gong Binsheng , McKim Karen L. , Myers Meagan B. , Xu Joshua , Parsons Barbara L.
Published: September 2020

There is a need for scientifically‐sound, practical approaches to improve carcinogenicity testing. Advances in DNA sequencing technology and knowledge of events underlying cancer development have created an opportunity for progress in this area. The long‐term goal of this work is to develop variation in cancer driver mutation (CDM) levels as a metric of clonal expansion of cells carrying CDMs because these important early events could inform carcinogenicity testing. The first step toward this goal was to develop and validate an error‐corrected next‐generation sequencing method to analyze panels of hotspot cancer driver mutations (hCDMs). The “CarcSeq” method that was developed uses unique molecular identifier sequences to construct single‐strand consensus sequences for error correction. CarcSeq was used for mutational analysis of 13 amplicons encompassing >20 hotspot CDMs in normal breast, normal lung, ductal carcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas. The approach was validated by detecting expected differences related to tissue type (normal vs. tumor and breast vs. lung) and mutation spectra. CarcSeq mutant fractions (MFs) correlated strongly with previously obtained ACB‐PCR mutant fraction (MF) measurements from the same samples. A reconstruction experiment, in conjunction with other analyses, showed CarcSeq accurately quantifies MFs ≥10−4. CarcSeq MF measurements were correlated with tissue donor age and breast cancer risk. CarcSeq MF measurements were correlated with deviation from median MFs analyzed to assess clonal expansion. Thus, CarcSeq is a promising approach to advance cancer risk assessment and carcinogenicity testing practices. Paradigms that should be investigated to advance this strategy for carcinogenicity testing are proposed.
Pharmacological investigation ofAjuga ivaessential oils collected at three phenological stages
Authors: Bouyahya Abdelhakim , El Omari Nasreddine , Belmehdi Omar , Lagrouh Fatima , El Jemli Meryem , Marmouzi Ilias , Faouzi My El Abbes , Taha Douae , Bourais Ilhame , Zengin Gokhan , Bakri Youssef , Dakka Nadia
Published: September 2020

Ajuga iva(A iva) is a medicinal plant used mainly in traditional medicine. This study was aimed to identify the volatile compounds ofA ivaessential oils (AIEO) at three developmental periods, and to evaluate their pharmacological properties. Chemical volatile compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. Twenty‐eight volatile components were identified, belonging mainly to oxygenated monoterpenes and hydrocarbons monoterpenes. Carvacrol, octadecane, methyl chavicol were the major volatile components of AIEO at the three phenological stages. FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays were adopted to estimate the antioxidant effects. AIEO at the vegetative stage exhibited important antioxidant effects with IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL (DPPH), IC50 = 115.22 μg/mL (FRAP), and, IC50 = 143.40 μg/mL (ABTS). The antidiabetic activity was evaluated in vitro by the inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. AIEO at the vegetative stage was the most active as an enzyme inhibitor of α‐amylase (IC50 = 101.727 μg/mL) and α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 86.93 μg/mL). The dermatoprotective effect was investigated by the in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase activities. AIEO at the vegetative stage showed the lowest IC50inhibition values against tyrosinase (IC50 = 87.49 μg/mL) and elastase (IC50 = 192.21 μg/mL). Antifungal properties of AIEO were investigated onTrichophyton violaceum,T tonsuransandT mentagrophytes. The three EOs ofA ivaexhibited important inhibitions of the tested dermatophytes. The findings of this work showed that phenological stages affect significantly the volatile compounds ofA iva, and these fluctuations influence mainly the biological properties. Moreover, further investigations concerning in vivo pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations as well as clinical trials of these identified compounds could develop antidiabetic, dermatoprotective and anti‐dermatophyte drugs.
Fine‐mapping and QTL tissue‐sharing information improves the reliability of causal gene identification
Authors: Barbeira Alvaro N. , Melia Owen J. , Liang Yanyu , Bonazzola Rodrigo , Wang Gao , Wheeler Heather E. , Aguet François , Ardlie Kristin G. , Wen Xiaoquan , Im Hae K.
Published: September 2020

The integration of transcriptomic studies and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) via imputed expression has seen extensive application in recent years, enabling the functional characterization and causal gene prioritization of GWAS loci. However, the techniques for imputing transcriptomic traits from DNA variation remain underdeveloped. Furthermore, associations found when linking eQTL studies to complex traits through methods like PrediXcan can lead to false positives due to linkage disequilibrium between distinct causal variants. Therefore, the best prediction performance models may not necessarily lead to more reliable causal gene discovery. With the goal of improving discoveries without increasing false positives, we develop and compare multiple transcriptomic imputation approaches using the most recent GTEx release of expression and splicing data on 17,382 RNA‐sequencing samples from 948 post‐mortem donors in 54 tissues. We find that informing prediction models with posterior causal probability from fine‐mapping (dap‐g) and borrowing information across tissues (mashr) can lead to better performance in terms of number and proportion of significant associations that are colocalized and the proportion of silver standard genes identified as indicated by precision‐recall and receiver operating characteristic curves. All prediction models are made publicly available at predictdb.org.
Kinematics, strain patterns, rheology, and geochronology of Woka ductile shear zone: Product of uplift of Gangdese batholith and Great Counter Thrust activity
Authors: Feng Yipeng , Wang Genhou , Meng Yuanku , Li Dian , Xu Xuming , Lu Yang , Li Jie , Liu Han
Published: September 2020

The Woka ductile shear zone is located at the southern margin of the middle section of the Gangdese magmatic belt and southeast of Lhasa. This article is a systematic study of the Woka ductile shear zone and provides kinematics, strain patterns, rheology, temperature environment, and geochronological data of the shear zone, which have great significance for understanding of the uplift and extension process of the southern section of the Gangdese. All shear indicators, such as asymmetrical folds, rotated porphyroclasts, and S–C fabrics, developed in the shear zone indicate the shear sense of top‐to‐the‐northwest with the shear nature of detachment. Mineral deformation thermometer and EBSD quartz fabric analysis indicate that the shear zone has experienced early high‐temperature (550–650°C) deformation and post‐superimposed low temperature (380–420°C) deformation. The differential stress (σ) of the ductile shear zone was 28.08–46.73 MPa. Strain rates (έ) ranged from 10−10 to 10−14 s−1 under a high‐temperature environment (600°C) and 10−12 to 10−16 s−1 under a low‐temperature environment (420°C). Three‐dimensional strain ellipsoid measurements of the Woka ductile shear zone indicate that all deformed samples appear as prolate ellipsoids (LS‐type tectonites), which represent an elongate strain. The average kinematic vorticity of the Woka ductile shear zone is 0.93, implying that the shear zone was dominated by simple shear. The thickness of the ductile shear zone was reduced by 12–28%. Combined with the U–Pb zircon age of the protolith of granitic protomylonite, the 40Ar/39Ar sericite age of granitic mylonite (22.38 ± 0.31 Ma) can represent the shear age. The Woka shear zone studied in this article may have been formed by the Great Counter Thrust (GCT) activity and uplift of the Gangdese batholith during the transforming period of the Lhasa Terrane from extrusion to a lateral extension.
Contribution to the understanding of the Pinheiro Machado Complex (Dom Feliciano Belt, Brazil): A study of textures, mineral chemistry, and crystallization conditions
Authors: Bastos Vivianne Andrade , Koester Edinei , Lenz Cristine , Dal Olmo‐Barbosa Laércio , Porcher Carla C. , Loureiro Paula O. , Vieira Daniel T. , Ramos Rodrigo C. , Cedeño Daniel G.
Published: September 2020

This article presents textures, mineral chemistry, and geothermobarometric data for the southeastern Pinheiro Machado Complex rocks (PMC), eastern domain of the Dom Feliciano Belt, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The PMC is composed by comagmatic intrusions of quartz diorite, tonalite, and granodiorite with medium‐ to fine‐grained equigranular and medium‐grained inequigranular textures with subordinate alkali‐feldspar macrocrystals. Partial melting features are observed in the comagmatic as melt pools and melt films. Amphibolite xenoliths also occur, presenting sharp‐angled to rounded contacts with the intrusions and evidences of partial assimilation, marked by mafic schlierens. Electron probe microanalyzer punctual analyses were used to classify amphibole, plagioclase, biotite, epidote, and titanite, as well as for the calculations of the crystallization P–T conditions. Amphiboles consist of pargasite for the comagmatic intrusions, and Mg‐hornblende for the amphibolite. Plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine (An15‐40) in both units. Biotite corresponds to annite, with Fe/(Fe + Mg) > 0.3. The epidote has mostly magmatic characteristics in the comagmatic intrusions, with pistacite content 25–30%. Titanite has two distinct textures, titanite I is well formed, subhedral to euhedral, with up to 3 mm; while titanite II is anhedral with size >1 mm and rounded shapes, being both chemically homogeneous. The estimated P–T conditions for the amphibolite crystallization, using plagioclase‐hornblende geothermometer are 650–850°C and 3.62–4.95 kbar, whereas the conditions from the comagmatic intrusions are 714–871°C and 4.44–6.10 kbar. In the mineral phases there is a prevalence in the recrystallization field between subgrain rotation (SGR) and grain boundary migration (GBM) in submagmatic flow. These new data indicate that possibly at the end of PMC crystallization, late magmatic fluids caused re‐equilibrium of mineral phases, mainly in biotite and feldspars. Finally, we suggest that the PMC is the result of continuous and repeated comagmatic intrusions in a continental magmatic arc setting at a depth of 20–30 km in an amphibolitic continental crust.
Trajectories of decline on instrumental activities of daily living prior to dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Cloutier Simon , Chertkow Howard , Kergoat Marie‐Jeanne , Gélinas Isabelle , Gauthier Serge , Belleville Sylvie
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The main objective was to determine the trajectory of instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) decline in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who progressed towards dementia relative to persons with MCI who remained stable.

Methods/Design

At study entry, 121 participants met criteria for MCI. Based on the follow‐up, 47 participants later converted to dementia and were identified as progressors. Sixteen participants, identified as decliners, presented a significant cognitive decline but did not reach the criteria for dementia within the study timeframe. Stable MCI remained cognitively stable during the 5‐year follow‐up; n = 58. Participants completed a yearly assessment using clinical tests/questionnaires, neuropsychological measures, and functional autonomy assessment until they met criteria for dementia. The average number of months for the follow‐up was 34.

Results

Many years of stable performance followed by an accelerated decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for complex activities for progressors. No change was found for stable MCI and a gradual linear decline characterized decliners. The housekeeping‐related activities component showed a linear decline in progressors and did not change in stable and decliner MCI. We found a predictive model that includes significant predictors of dementia conversion with a high diagnostic accuracy the following year (area under the curve = 0.94 [95% confidence level; lower bound: 0.87, upper bound: 1]).

Conclusions

It is critical to assess iADL that reflect complex activities in the evaluation of MCI individuals as their impairment, combined with change on cognitive markers, indicates a higher risk of dementia progression 1 or 2 years later.
Free prescriptions for low‐income pensioners? The cost of returning to free‐of‐charge drugs in the Spanish National Health Service
Authors: Puig‐Junoy Jaume , Pinilla Jaime
Published: September 2020

This study estimated the impact of reducing a capped low coinsurance rate for outpatient medicines to nil for low‐income pensioners and disabled individuals in the Valencian Community (Spain). This reduction was implemented in January 2016 as a regional reform which modified the national cost‐sharing reform adopted in July 2012. The impact of this intervention on the number of monthly prescriptions dispensed between July 2012 and December 2018 was estimated using two different approaches of the synthetic control method, the classical method and the method based on Bayesian structural time series. The estimates from both methods were similar, showing significant overall increases of 6.34% and 6.70% [95% credible interval: 4.05, 9.47], respectively in the number of prescriptions dispensed in this region. These results are similar to those of the previous studies indicating that reducing price from a small amount to zero discontinuously boosts demand. This evidence indicates that the impact of this intervention on the budget of the regional health service is far greater than the amount of the subsidy in the public budget. These results are useful for making accurate budgetary projections for similar eliminations of charges for low‐income pensioners in the Spanish National Health Service.
Clinical significance of tryptophan catabolism in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Masaki Ayako , Ishida Takashi , Maeda Yasuhiro , Ito Asahi , Suzuki Susumu , Narita Tomoko , Kinoshita Shiori , Yoshida Takashi , Ri Masaki , Kusumoto Shigeru , Komatsu Hirokazu , Inagaki Hiroshi , Ueda Ryuzo , Choi Ilseung , Suehiro Youko , Iida Shinsuke
Published: September 2020

The enzyme, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO), catabolizes tryptophan (Trp) in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and is important in suppressing antitumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. With regard to previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), we sought to establish the prognostic significance of Trp catabolism in this disease. Serum Trp and Kyn levels in 110 patients with FL were quantified, and their relationship to different clinical parameters studied. IDO expression in the lymph nodes of affected patients was studied. Study participants included 54 males and 56 females (age range 39–86, median 62 years), showing a 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of 78.5%. Patients with a high Kyn level (5‐year OS, 65.0% vs. 81.7%; p = 0.026), high Kyn/Trp ratio (71.1% vs. 81.7%; p = 0.002), and low hemoglobin (Hb) level (<12.0 g/dL; p = 0.001; a component of FL international prognostic indexes) demonstrated a significantly shorter OS. Multivariate analysis included the following 10 variables: age, sex, serum β2‐microglobulin, Hb, longest diameter of the largest involved node, Ann Arbor stage, serum lactate dehydrogenase, histologic grading, B symptoms, and serum Kyn/Trp ratio; a lower Hb level and a high Kyn/Trp ratio (HR, 3.239; 95% CI, 1.296–8.096) led to a significantly inferior OS. In the microenvironment, some CD11c‐positive myeloid dendritic cells but not FL tumor cells were found to produce IDO. Overall, measuring levels of serum Kyn and Trp in individual patients with FL contributed to predicting their prognosis.
Analysis of the velocity, thermal, and concentration MHD slip flow over a nonlinear stretching cylinder in the presence of outer velocity
Authors: Vinita  , Poply Vikas , Goyal Rangoli , Sharma Naresh
Published: September 2020

The intention of the present work is to analyze the influence of magnetohydrodynamic slip flow with radiation effect toward a nonlinear stretching cylinder in the presence of outer velocity. Similarity variables are applied to convert the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg approach was adopted to numerically solve the modified equations by use of the Shooting method. The effect of prominent fluid parameters especially the velocity slip parameter, temperature slip parameter, concentration slip parameter, outer velocity, magnetic parameter, nonlinear stretching parameter, Schmidt number, and Eckert number on the velocity, temperature, and concentration have been examined and are displayed through graphs and tables. Numerical results of various parameters involved for the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt numbers, and the local Sherwood numbers are determined and also discussed in detail. In the present study, we used MATLAB for finding the final outcomes and relating the conclusive results for with those of already published papers. The outcomes reveal that with an increase in outer velocity, the fluid velocity increases while the temperature and concentration decrease. In the case of a higher nonlinear stretching parameter, the temperature as well as concentration decrease. The findings of the present study help to control the rate of heat transportation and highlight many applications in the insulation of wires, manufacturing of tetrapacks, production of glass fibers, fabrication of various polymers and plastic packs, rubber sheets, and so forth, where the quality of the desired product depends on the rate stretching, external magnetic field, and the composition of the material used, and manufacturing processes.
Computational and statistical analysis on the U‐tube heat exchanger with different passes configuration: Taguchi method
Authors: Gupta Arun , Sharma Amit , Singh Hardial , Rajoria Chandra Shekhar
Published: September 2020

In the present study, the passive technique of heat transfer in which single pass and double passes are included in a simple U‐tube heat exchanger is analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based parametric analysis is carried out to optimize the parameters affecting the temperature drop and heat transfer achieved from the U‐tube heat exchanger. ANSYS Fluentv20 is used for the CFD analysis, and the RNG k‐ɛ model and energy equation were considered to define the turbulence and heat transfer phenomena. The Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental work and analyze the working parameters of the U‐tube heat exchanger, such as hot and cold mass flow rate and hoRenew Energyt inlet temperature and cold inlet temperature. For the U‐tube heat exchanger, four operating parameters are considered at four different levels in the Taguchi method. The best combination of parameters for achieving a maximum temperature drop is A4B1C2D3, and it is A3B4C1D2 in case of heat transfer. A U‐tube single‐pass heat exchanger is more effective as compared with other U‐tube heat exchangers (zero‐ and double‐pass). Experimental results are provided to validate the suitability of the purpose of the approach.
Magnetic nanoparticle loaded human adipose derived mesenchymal cells spheroids in levitated culture
Authors: Labusca Luminita , Herea Dumitru Daniel , Minuti Anca Emanuela , Stavila Cristina , Danceanu Camelia , Grigoras Marian , Ababei Gabriel , Chiriac Horia , Lupu Nicoleta
Published: September 2020

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensely scrutinized for biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and adjustable magnetic field (MF) responsiveness. Three‐dimensional spheroid culture of ADSC improves stem cell proliferation and differentiation, increasing their potential for clinical applications. In this study we aimed to detect if MF levitated culture of ADSC loaded with proprietary MNP maintain the properties of ADSC and improve their performances. Levitated ADSC‐MNP formed aggregates with increased volume and reduced number compared to nonlevitated ones. ADSC‐MNP from levitated spheroid displayed higher viability, proliferation and mobility compared to nonlevitated and 2D culture. Levitated and nonlevitated ADSC‐MNP spheroids underwent three lineage differentiation, demonstrating preserved ADSC stemness. Quantitative osteogenesis showed similar values in MNP‐loaded levitated and nonlevitated spheroids. Significant increases in adipogenic conversion was observed for all 3D formulation. Chondrogenic conversion in levitated and nonlevitated spheroids produced comparable ratio glucosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA. Increased chondrogenesis could be observed for ADSC‐MNP in both levitated and nonlevitated condition. Taken together, ADSC‐MNP levitated spheroids retain stemness and display superior cell viability and migratory capabilities. Furthermore, the method consistently increases spheroid maneuverability, potentially facilitating large scale manufacturing and automation. Levitated spheroid culture of ADSC‐MNP can be further tested for various application in regenerative medicine and organ modeling.
Treatment-Related Changes in Bone Turnover and Fracture Risk Reduction in Clinical Trials of Antiresorptive Drugs: Proportion of Treatment Effect Explained
Authors: Eastell Richard , Black Dennis M , Lui Li-Yung , Chines Arkadi , Marin Fernando , Khosla Sundeep , de Papp Anne E , Cauley Jane A , Mitlak Bruce , McCulloch Charles E , Vittinghoff Eric , Bauer Douglas C ,   for the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Bone Quality Project
Published: September 2020

Few analyses of antiresorptive (AR) treatment trials relate short-term changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs) to subsequent fracture reduction seeking to estimate the proportion of treatment effect explained (PTE) by BTMs. Pooling such information would be useful to assess new ARs or novel dosing regimens. In the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Bone Quality project, we analyzed individual-level data from up to 62,000 participants enrolled in 12 bisphosphonate (BP) and four selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) placebo-controlled fracture endpoint trials. Using BTM results for two bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [bone ALP] and pro-collagen I N-propeptide [PINP]) and one bone resorption marker (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX]) and incident fracture outcome data, we estimated the PTE using two different models. Separate analyses were performed for incident morphometric vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures over 1 to 5 years of follow-up. For vertebral fracture, the results showed that changes in all three BTMs at 6 months explained a large proportion of the treatment effect of ARs (57 to >100%), but not for and non-vertebral or hip fracture. We conclude that short-term AR treatment-related changes in bone ALP, PINP, and CTX account for a large proportion of the treatment effect for vertebral fracture. Change in BTMs is a useful surrogate marker to study the anti-fracture efficacy of new AR compounds or novel dosing regiments with approved AR drugs. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
“They don't know who they have in here”: Sense of community in budget hotels
Authors: Lewinson Terri , Carrion Iraida V.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand older residents descriptions of socio‐spatial guest interactions and sense of community in budget hotels. Due to financial vulnerability, some people move into budget hotels when other housing options are unavailable. Little is known about how older residents perceive other hotel guests who frequent the commercial establishment and how a mix of various consumer interactions can potentially influence health. Theoretically framing this inquiry with sense of community constructs, we conducted a secondary data analysis of 20 interviews with residents aged 50 and older. Through thematic analysis strategies, we identified temporal and socio‐spatial interactions of hotel guests, then discussed sense of community based on these insider/outsider relationships. We conclude with research, policy, and practice implications of our findings.