bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma in a 76-year old male: a pitfall in the diagnosis for unclassified renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Andrade Dafne C. , Faraj Sheila F. , Ribeiro Filho Leopoldo Alves , Mattedi Romulo L.
Published: July 2019

Background

The kidney is the most common site of metastatic disease to the urinary tract. However, tumor characteristics are commonly deceptive, and the diagnosis of metastatic disease to the kidney may be challenging.

Case presentation

A 76- year old male was submitted to a total left nephrectomy with splenectomy due to pyonephrosis. At gross examination, the kidney presented a distorted anatomy, with firm parenchyma and an extensively necrotic lesion occupying the renal pyelo-calix and ureter. The spleen had a white pericapsular lesion measuring 1.2 cm. Histologic sections demonstrated a high grade solid carcinoma with rare areas of tubular differentiation. The tumor was highly infiltrative, with invasion of the renal sinus, perirenal fat and spleen. Considering the tumor location, high grade and infiltrative growth pattern, the diagnostic hypothesis of collecting duct carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma were drawn and investigated. Furthermore, a suspicion of metastatic disease was raised after a thorough investigation of the patient’s chart, which revealed a previous history of colorectal carcinoma 4 years earlier. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated expression of CK20 and CDX-2 and negativity for CK7, CK5, PAX-8, Vimentin, CD117, GATA3 and p63; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with a poorly differentiated metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

A high degree of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis of metastatic disease to the kidney, which should ruled out before the final diagnosis of an unclassified renal cell carcinoma. A careful examination of the patient’s history and adequate communication with the attending physician is recommended for the correct diagnosis of these cases.
Bilateral Sciatic Neuropathies as a Complication of Positioning During Neuraxial Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Case Report
Authors: Reel Bradley A. , Odedokun Tolulope A. , Simmons Daniel B. , Hong Linda
Published: July 2019

Neurologic complications following neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery are rare. We present a 33-year-old parturient who developed prolonged lower extremity weakness following a single-shot subarachnoid block for cesarean delivery. After neurologic evaluation, she was diagnosed with bilateral sciatic neuropathies due to prolonged positioning for the anesthetic. We review the incidence of nerve injury associated with neuraxial anesthesia and risk factors for developing peripheral nerve injury in this context. We offer a solution to prevent this complication from occurring.
Analgesic Rescue With Opioid-Only Thoracic Epidural After Surgical Infiltration of Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Case Report
Authors: Swisher Matthew W. , Millar Melissa B. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Said Engy T.
Published: July 2019

We present the case of a 51-year-old man with a history of recurrent lung cancer after left upper lobectomy who presented for an elective completion pneumonectomy via a bilateral anterior thoracotomy incision. At the completion of surgery, bilateral multilevel intercostal infiltration was performed with liposomal bupivacaine. Due to poorly controlled postoperative pain after extubation, a thoracic epidural was placed in the intensive care unit. An opioid-only infusion was started and transitioned to a local anesthetic–based infusion on postoperative day 2. This case report represents a novel stepwise approach of thoracic epidural management after surgical infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine.
New insights into extracellular vesicle biogenesis and function
Authors: Latifkar Arash , Hur Yun Ha , Sanchez Julio C. , Cerione Richard A. , Antonyak Marc A.
Published: July 2019

It is becoming increasingly evident that most cell types are capable of forming and releasing multiple distinct classes of membrane-enclosed packages, referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a form of intercellular communication. Microvesicles (MVs) represent one of the major classes of EVs and are formed by the outward budding of the plasma membrane. The second major class of EVs, exosomes, are produced as components of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released from cells when MVBs fuse with the cell surface. Both MVs and exosomes have been shown to contain proteins, RNA transcripts, microRNAs and even DNA that can be transferred to other cells and thereby trigger a broad range of cellular activities and biological responses. However, EV biogenesis is also frequently de-regulated in different pathologies, especially cancer, where MVs and exosomes have been suggested to promote tumor cell growth, therapy resistance, invasion and even metastasis. In this Review, we highlight some of the recent advances in this rapidly emerging and exciting field of cell biology, focusing on the underlying mechanisms that drive MV and exosome formation and release, with a particular emphasis on how EVs potentially impact different aspects of cancer progression and stem cell biology.
Rho kinase-dependent apical constriction counteracts M-phase apical expansion to enable mouse neural tube closure
Authors: Butler Max B. , Short Nina E. , Maniou Eirini , Alexandre Paula , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Copp Andrew J. , Galea Gabriel L.
Published: July 2019

Cellular generation of mechanical forces required to close the presumptive spinal neural tube, the ‘posterior neuropore’ (PNP), involves interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) and apical constriction. Both processes change the apical surface area of neuroepithelial cells, but how they are biomechanically integrated is unknown. Rho kinase (Rock; herein referring to both ROCK1 and ROCK2) inhibition in mouse whole embryo culture progressively widens the PNP. PNP widening is not caused by increased mechanical tension opposing closure, as evidenced by diminished recoil following laser ablation. Rather, Rock inhibition diminishes neuroepithelial apical constriction, producing increased apical areas in neuroepithelial cells despite diminished tension. Neuroepithelial apices are also dynamically related to INM progression, with the smallest dimensions achieved in cells positive for the pan-M phase marker Rb phosphorylated at S780 (pRB-S780). A brief (2 h) Rock inhibition selectively increases the apical area of pRB-S780-positive cells, but not pre-anaphase cells positive for phosphorylated histone 3 (pHH3+). Longer inhibition (8 h, more than one cell cycle) increases apical areas in pHH3+ cells, suggesting cell cycle-dependent accumulation of cells with larger apical surfaces during PNP widening. Consequently, arresting cell cycle progression with hydroxyurea prevents PNP widening following Rock inhibition. Thus, Rock-dependent apical constriction compensates for the PNP-widening effects of INM to enable progression of closure.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Lower Trapezius Weakness and Shoulder Complex Biomechanics during the Tennis Serve
Authors: GILLET BENOIT , ROGOWSKI ISABELLE , MONGA-DUBREUIL ELODIE , BEGON MICKAËL
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the effect of lower trapezius (LT) weakness on humeral and scapular kinematics and shoulder muscle activity during the tennis serve.

Methods

Fifteen competitive male tennis players (age, 23.8 ± 3.4 yr; height, 182.8 ± 6.7 cm; mass: 76.6 ± 8.7 kg; tennis experience: 15.6 ± 4.9 yr) performed two tennis serves before and after selective fatigue of the LT (25-min electric muscle stimulation). During each tennis serve, racket, humeral and scapular kinematics and the activity of 13 shoulder muscles were recorded using an optoelectronic system synchronized with indwelling and surface electromyography. The serve was split into five phases, that is, early and late cocking, acceleration, early and late follow-through.

Results

Selective fatigue led to a 22.5% ± 10.4% strength decrease but did not alter maximum racket speed and humerothoracic joint kinematics. However, increased scapular upward rotation was observed in the acceleration (P= 0.02) and early follow-through (P= 0.01) phases. Decreased muscular activity was observed during the early cocking phase for the LT (P= 0.01), during the acceleration phase for the LT (P= 0.01), anterior deltoid (P= 0.03), pectoralis major (P= 0.04), and subscapularis (P= 0.03), and during the early follow-through phase for the anterior deltoid (P= 0.03) and LT (P= 0.04).

Conclusions

The LT weakness altered neither serve velocity nor humerothoracic joint kinematics, but impaired scapulothoracic kinematics and anterior shoulder muscle activation. Such alterations may reduce the subacromial space and jeopardize humeral head stability. These findings shed new light on the consequences of LT weakness, highlighting the importance of monitoring and strengthening this muscle in overhead athletes.
Sequence-specific m6A demethylation in RNA by FTO fused to RCas9
Authors: Rau Kristina , Rösner Lukas , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: July 2019

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA and associated with numerous cellular processes in health and disease. Up- and down-regulation of its “writer” or “eraser” proteins alter the global m6A level; however, modifying distinct m6A sites has remained elusive. We genetically fused the dioxygenase FTO responsible for m6A demethylation to RCas9 as an RNA-targeting module. The resulting RCas9-FTO retained demethylation activity and bound to RNA in a sequence-specific manner depending on the sgRNA and PAMmer. Using SCARLET analysis, we quantified the m6A level at a specific site and analyzed the effect of the PAM-to-m6A distance on activity. Sequence-specific demethylation by RCas9-FTO was tested on different RNA combinations and showed up to 15-fold sequence preference for target RNA compared to off-target RNA. Taken together, RCas9-FTO represents a new tool for sequence-specific demethylation of m6A in RNA that can be readily adapted to any given RNA sequence and opens the door to studying the function of distinct m6A sites.
Juvenile fish in Cystoseira forests: influence of habitat complexity and depth on fish behaviour and assemblage composition
Authors: CUADROS AMALIA , MORANTA JOAN , CARDONA LUIS , THIRIET PIERRE , FRANCOUR PATRICE , VIDAL EVA , SINTES JAIME , CHEMINEE ADRIEN
Published: July 2019

The sublittoral forests formed by the fucoid algae Cystoseira spp. are important juvenile habitats for many Mediterranean fish species. However, the spatial variability of juvenile fish assemblages within the forests and the potential environmental drivers, such as depth and habitat complexity, remain poorly understood. We estimated densities, sizes and behaviours of juvenile fish assemblages in subtidal (0-15 meters) Cystoseira brachycarpa var. balearica forests in north Minorca Island (North-western Mediterranean Sea) over two consecutive autumns (2012 and 2013). Depth and forest complexity, here measured as canopy volume, had both a significant and independent effect on the juvenile fish assemblages in terms of species abundance composition and body size. Assemblages found in the shallowest depth range (3-4m) were characterized by greater densities of the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo, while those deeper (10-12m) had higher densities of the rainbow wrasse Coris julis, independently of its size composition. Juveniles of both species were more abundant in less complex forests; conversely juveniles of wrasses of the genus Symphodus were more abundant in more complex forests. The smallest sizes of T. pavo occurred in the most complex forests. On the other hand, our results demonstrated that juvenile fish behaviours were unrelated to the complexity of the Cystoseira forests but mainly related to the body length. The effects of body length on behaviour were however species dependent. Cryptic and transitory behaviours were mostly observed in the smallest and largest juveniles of T. pavo and C. julis, respectively, while the behaviour of Symphodus spp. was unrelated to their body length. Our study emphasises the importance of preserving healthy Cystoseira forests and their intrinsic patchy nature, as this habitat, with its mosaic of different complexity degrees and bathymetrical variability, enable the presence of different fish species at various life stages.
Molecular analysis and new records of the invasive polychaete Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida: Spionidae)
Authors: RADASHEVSKY VASILY I. , PANKOVA VICTORIA V. , MALYAR VASILY V. , NERETINA TATYANA V. , WILSON ROBIN S. , WORSFOLD TIM M. , DIEZ MARÍA E. , HARRIS LESLIE H. , HOURDEZ STÉPHANE , LABRUNE CÉLINE , HOUBIN CÉLINE , KIND BRITTA , KUHLENKAMP RALPH , NYGREN ARNE , BONIFÁCIO PAULO , BACHELET GUY
Published: July 2019

The spionid polychaete Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940 is a tube-dweller and shell/stone-borer widely occurring in temperate waters across the world and considered invasive in many areas. It was originally described from California, USA, and later reported from Pacific Canada, the Asian Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, South Africa, and northern Europe. The Bayesian inference analysis of sequence data of three gene fragments (836 bp in total) of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nuclear 28S rDNA, and Histone 3 has shown that individuals from the Pacific coasts of Canada and the USA, Argentina, Australia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Mediterranean France were genetically very similar (maximal average p-distance value, 0.49%, was between 16S rDNA sequences). We consider these individuals to be conspecific and report the earliest records of B. proboscidea from the UK and a possible first Mediterranean record in the Gulf of Lion. The high 16S haplotype diversity of B. proboscidea detected in the north-eastern Pacific suggests a native distribution for the species in the northern Pacific and subsequent introductions through human activities to other parts of the world. The histories of these introductions are reviewed and the hypotheses about times and places of introductions are updated.
Libanus and the Death of Julian
Authors: Janik Joanna
Published: July 2019

Two speeches composed by Libanius after the unexpected death of his emperor and friend, the Monody (XVII) and the Funeral Speech (XVIII), fulfill the requirements of the genre so perfectly that it is easy to classify them as purely conventional. Both the structure and content, not to mention the language, demonstrate the author’s literary fluency rather than originality. Yet I would like to argue that even if the concept and form of the speeches reproduce the well established pattern, my personal impression that there is something unique in these works is not completely groundless. Libanius’ friendship and respect for the late emperor, as well as the political situation after Julian’s death, make the orator’s commitment exceptional and I cannot resist the feeling that his grief and confusion are genuine. I would like to focus on the passages referring directly to the circumstances of the emperor’s death, since Libanius’ approach to the explanation of this tragic event seems crucial for my argument.
Hannibal in Gades: An Inquiry into the Poetic Technique of Silius Italicus in "Punica" Three
Authors: Komorowska Joanna
Published: July 2019

Located in Punica Three, the description of Hercules’ temple and Hannibal’s prophetic dream serve as important instruments of both narrative and poetic techniques, both anticipating events to come and positioning the plot within the intricate nexus of symbols and intertextual allusions that appear to strengthen the Carthaginian’s resolve while simultaneously emphasizing the futility of his efforts. At the same time, the two may be studied as examples of sophisticated poetic technique, their reading heavily dependent on reader’s knowledge of the semantic framework of Greco-Roman culture.
How to manage incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults
Authors: Lumbers Melanie
Published: July 2019

An estimated 14 million adults experience incontinence in England alone, and this population is at a very high risk of developing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). The risk associated with developing IAD is further increased among older adults, due to the effects of the ageing process, which leave the skin thinner and more fragile. Understanding the causative factors of IAD in addition to understanding the impact of IAD on the skin enable the clinician to make informed choices regarding treatment, management and prevention. Additionally, understanding the association between IAD and pressure ulcers is a critical component of IAD management, as IAD and pressure ulcers often coexist or develop alongside each other.
What more can community nurses do to manage adult malnutrition
Authors: Holdoway Anne , Anderson Liz
Published: July 2019

This article gives an outline of the key groups at risk of malnutrition in the community and the effects and clinical consequences of not identifying and managing these groups. It outlines the potential health and social costs of not identifying and treating malnutrition in the community and advises how malnutrition arises in these ‘at-risk’ groups. As 93% of those affected by malnutrition are living in our communities, advice is given on how community nurses can play a pivotal role in identifying malnutrition by initiating conversations about dietary intake with patients and integrating screening and nutritional care into pathways of care.
Midwives' evaluation of their role in crowdsourcing activities to improve the maternity experience: part 2
Authors: Frewin Sam , Church Sarah
Published: July 2019

Background

Although all members of staff can be involved in improving the quality of maternity services, midwives can identify areas in need of improvement through their relationships with women and their families, and can influence care through activities such as crowdsourcing.

Aims

A service evaluation was undertaken to explore how midwives who attended the workshop viewed their involvement in crowdsourcing, and to examine whether midwives who attended the workshop considered themselves as agents of change for quality improvement in maternity care.

Methods

A generic qualitative approach was selected. Data were collected using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with six midwives who attended the workshop.

Findings

Four key themes emerged from analysing the data: improving communication, experiencing different perspectives, shared learning, and positivity.

Conclusions

Involving stakeholders as a ‘crowd’ to find solutions to problems in care is successful and highly rewarding. Midwife participants took pride in sharing their ideas for improvement.
Better together: a day hospital's move towards integrated care
Authors: Board Michele , Pigott Lisa , Olive Heather , Heaslip Vanessa
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims

This article will present how an interdisciplinary team working within a day hospital in an acute NHS Foundation Trust embraced the opportunities of practice development to work ‘better together’ to meet the complex needs of individuals using the service.

Methods

By working closely with key stakeholders, the team developed an integrated service intersecting both primary and secondary care boundaries.

Results

The principles of practice development, including shared vision and focus, ensured changes made to the service were patient centred. These changes included a 360-degree assessment by professional staff with extended skills beyond their own professional role, and a virtual ward round, where individual patients are reviewed by an interdisciplinary team in the community with a focus on avoiding hospital admission, with quicker access to the day hospital. The team worked closely with their local university towards achieving practice development unit status, demonstrating a rigorous approach to the development of services provided by the day hospital.

Conclusions

The article highlights both the value of practice development and significantly the value of an interdisciplinary team working within a day hospital setting.
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation In Gait Rehabilitation For Children And Youth Following Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Kelly Gemma , Pool Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims

Relearning to walk is an important goal for many children and young people after acquired brain injury. Rhythmic auditory stimulation uses rhythm to support gait retraining. Its efficacy has been shown for adults with acquired brain injury and children and young people with cerebral palsy. No studies exist for children and young people with acquired brain injury. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether the addition of rhythmic auditory stimulation to standard physiotherapy improves children and young people's gait speed and quality after severe acquired brain injury.

Methods

Four children and young people (aged 10–13 years) with severe acquired brain injury accessing residential rehabilitation were recruited to a multiple baseline single case experimental design study, AB design. During baseline (A) phase children and young people accessed standard rehabilitation (10 physiotherapy sessions per week). In the intervention (B) phase, 2 out of the 10 standard physiotherapy sessions were replaced with rhythmic auditory stimulation. Length of baseline was randomised and intervention phases were 4 weeks. The 10 m walk test and Edinburgh Visual Gait Scale were completed pre and post sessions biweekly. Data analysis including visual analysis of level, slope and trend of the data will be presented with the results of a test of statistical significance.

Results

Data collection will finish in December 2018. Early results indicate that the quality of walking improved more during the intervention phase than the baseline phase for at least one of the participants, and rhythmic auditory stimulation was equal to normal physiotherapy in the other participants. Statistical testing is required.

Conclusions

Early results indicate that rhythmic auditory stimulation is at least as effective as normal physio in improving the walking quality of children and young people with acquired brain injury, but this needs to be confirmed. Recommendations for clinical practice and future studies can be made based on the findings and experience of this study.
The Effect Of A Five-Week Hippotherapy Programme On Gait In A Child With Angelman's Syndrome. A Case Study Using The Wee Glasgow Gait Index (Weeggi)
Authors: Tucker Rachael
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims

Hippotherapy is a treatment modality performed by a qualified physical, occupational or speech therapist, using equine movement to gain therapeutic outcome; hippotherapy has been shown to improve gross motor development, tone, spasticity, balance, coordination, range of movement and muscle length. Angelman Syndrome is a rare genetic condition that causes ataxia, poor coordination and balance, reduced mobility, high tone and learning difficulties. Research into hippotherapy in Angelman Syndrome is sparse; therefore, this case study aimed to investigate the effect of a 5-week hippotherapy intervention on gait in a child with Angelman Syndrome, using the Wee Glasgow Gait Index (WeeGGI) Measure.

Methods

One participant was recruited to the case study using convenience sampling. The equine was selected based on their conformation, temperament and suitability for hippotherapy. A 5-week programme of hippotherapy was delivered using one equine, one therapist, a leader and two side walkers. Each session ranged between 30 and 40 minutes. A full physiotherapy assessment and the WeeGGI outcome measure were completed at pre and post-intervention.

Results

On the WeeGGI measure, a reduction of five points was achieved on the left leg and a reduction of two points was achieved for the right leg. Furthermore, an improvement in range of movement and muscle length was observed into left hip abduction, bilateral hamstrings and bilateral gastrocnemius and soleus. In addition to these results, the child was noted to have improved balance reactions, concentration, core strength and acceptance of base of support towards the end of the intervention period.

Conclusions

This 5-week hippotherapy programme demonstrated improvement in gait pattern, range of movement and muscle length in a child with Angelman Syndrome. Additionally, the child was noted to improve in non-gait specific domains, such as balance and independent adjustment of position while mounted. These findings add to the evidence base for the use of hippotherapy in rarer genetic conditions and suggest that hippotherapy is an effective and feasible treatment modality for this population. However, this was a small sample size and therefore it would be beneficial for further research to be carried out on a larger scale in order to generalise these findings to the wider population.
Patterns of Antimicrobial Therapy for Sore Throat in a Teaching Hospital of India
Authors: Sagar Tamilisetti Vidya , Kumar Sanjay , Durga Navyamani Kagita Venkata , Patnaik Shantilata
Published: July 2019

Sore throat is a common presentation in outdoor patient setting, mostcases of sore throat are viral in aetiology and do not require antibiotics, it is a common practice to prescribe antibiotics to all patients presenting with sore throat without identifying aetiology, purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial prescription pattern in patients with acute sore throat.This is a descriptive and observational study, observed participants without providing any interventions, after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were enrolled into study and informed written consent was obtained from all patients after a detailed explanation prior to enrolment, data was obtained from medical records, analysed descriptively and Modified Centor scoring system was used to determine appropriateness of antibiotics, results depicted in the form of tables and figures. A total of 90 patients, who presented with sore throat were enrolled for the study. Inflammation of posterior pharyngeal wall was observed in 77% patients, while exudate was seen in 50%, tonsils were enlarged in 11% cases and cervical lymphadenopathy was present in 1.1%. Analysis of prescriptions showed that beta lactams,were widely prescribed antibiotics, followed by macrolides,followed by quinolones and aminoglycosides and 50% patients received antibacterial monotherapy, whereas 50% were on multiple antibacterial drug therapy, prescribing multiple antimicrobials without any culture sensitivity was encountered in this study and there were less generic drugs prescribed. There is a need of educational programmes in order to bring rational use of antibiotics and empirical prescription of antibiotics for sore throat in most cases is unjustified and the practice must be discouraged.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Costus Igneus Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells
Authors: Josephine I. Glory , Punnagai K.
Published: July 2019

Costus igneus popularly known as ‘Insulin plant’ belongs to Costaceae family. The anti diabetic potential of the plant has been evaluated and widely used as Ayurvedic medicinal herb to treat diabetes mellitus and associated metabolic syndrome. Recently Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated metabolic syndrome has been identified as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). So agents with insulin sensitizing action could play dual role in the control of metabolic syndrome and cancer. This study is designed to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of Costus igneus leaves against hepatocellular carcinoma( HepG2) cells. The viable cells were assessed by cytotoxicity activity (MTT assay) with the eight different concentration (1000 to7.8μg/ml) of the extracts. The percentage of viability was calculated. From the graph the concentration required for a 50% of viability (IC50) was calculated as 62.5μg/ml. However 74.57% and 22.65% of cell viability were produced by the concentration of 7.8μg/ml and 1000μg/ml respectively. The results showed the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Costus igneus leaves and proved the anticancer activity against liver cancer cells.
In Vivo Analgesic Activity of Omega-3 on Mice Induced Peripheral Pain
Authors: Khusnul Faizah Ana , Andhiarto Yanu , Riwanti Pramudita
Published: July 2019

Fish oil which contains omega 3 with the most types of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) has the effect of pharmacology as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and is good for heart disease where probably it can be used beneficially as an analgesic. Analgesics have several side effects including gastric ulcer, bleeding, even Steven Johson’s Syndrome, have been attributed to their use. This research aims to determine the analgesic effect of fish oil on male white mice induced to produced peripheral pain. We used acetic acid-induced male BALB/c white mice to investigate analgesic effect fish oil in vivo by Writhing method. From this research, fish oil decreased writhings number in mice dose 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg compared to negative control (P<0.001). The percentage inhibition of writhing at the dose 30 mg/kg is the hignest among other dose (42.64%), while in the group positive control (acetylsalysilic acid 100 mg/kg) is 68.26%. We concluded that fish oil has analgesic effect which reduced writhings in male mice induced by acetic acid to produce peripheral pain.
Lycopene Treatment Transposed Antidepressant-Like Action in Rats Provoked to Chronic Mild Stress
Authors: Kumar P. Venkata Naveen , P. Elango , S. Asmathulla , S Kavimani
Published: July 2019

The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of lycopene on CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Wistar rats. In present study, rodents were selected randomly and grouped in to seven groups. Each group consists of six animals. All the groups are subjected to chronic mild stress in an unpredictable manner except the control group, which is free from stress. Behavioral changes induced during chronic mild stress were assessed by conducting the behavioral tests like forced swim test, sucrose preferences test, elevated plus maze test and open field tests in screening depressant and anxiety activity. The data analysis showed chronic mild stress produced depressive and anxiogenic behavior in the experimental rats. A significant increase in the immobility time and decrease in sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test are noted in CMS and vehicle groups. Similarly, in an elevated plus maze a significant decrease in the entries in the open arm and decrease in central square entries, and rearing behavior and increase in the duration of immobility were observed in open field test.Lycopene treatment for 6-weeks significantly decreased immobility time and increased in sucrose consumption observed in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test respectively. Lycopene significantly increased number of entries in the open arm of elevated plus maze and decreased grooming and freezing behavior in open field method. lycopene supplemented dose of 5mg/kg showed an insignificant results in all the behavioral models (p>0.05).The data were expressed as Mean±SD.Data were analyzed and differences between the means were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Using graph pad prism version 5.03 statistical software. In all the tests, differences were considered significant if p<0.05 to be a statistical significant. lycopene possesses antidepressant and mild- anxiolytic activity which may be due to its antioxidant effect that might warrant further studies.
Hindman, M. (2018). The Internet Trap: How the Digital Economy Builds Monopolies and Undermines Democracy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Authors: Acquarone Eduardo
Published: July 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_34_22
A Novel and Facile Synthesis of Thiopyrimidines and O-Glucosides
Authors: Wanare Rajendra Krushnaji
Published: July 2019

Reaction of 3-methyl-5-(3'-aryl prop-2'-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole (1a-j) with thiourea and alcoholic solution of KOH afforded 3-methyl-5-(4'-aryl-2'-thiopyrimidin-6'-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles (2a-j). Oxidation of products 2a-j using alkaline KMnO4 solution produces 5-(4'-aryl-2'-thiopyrimidin-6'-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylic acids (3a-j). Condensation of products 3a-j with 2,3,4,6-tetra-Oacetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (TAGBr), the glucosylating agent synthesized 3-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-(4'-aryl-2'-thiopyrimidin-6'-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles (4a-j). Subsequent deacetylation of compounds 4a-j were carried out with CH3ONa furnishes β-Dglucopyranosyl-5-(4'-aryl-2'-thiopyrimidin-6'-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylates (5a-j). All the synthesized compounds were analyzed by elemental analysis (C, H and N), FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Most of the prepared compounds were analyzed their antibacterial and antifungal activities by cup-plate method. The present approach offers several advantages such as shorter reaction times, cleaner reactions, good yields, low-cost reagent and mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of Schiff Base Indolyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole, Thiazolidinone and Azetidinone as Efficient Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antituberculosis and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Verma Vaijinath A. , Saundane Anand R. , Meti Rajkumar S.
Published: July 2019

The present investigation was under-taken to synthesize the Schiff base indole derivatives bearing of 1,3,4-oxadiazole thiazolidinone and azetidinone moieties. New series of 5-(5-substituted-3-phenyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-N-[(5-substituted-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amines and screened their biological activities. Compound 4a showed excellent antibacterial and radical scavenging activities. Compound 5a revealed efficient to antifungal activity. In addition, compound 4a was found to be most active against H37Rv strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In case of anticancer activity methoxy compounds 4e and 6e against all the three tumor cell lines manifested remarkable cytotoxic activity. Compounds 4e, 5e and 6e have shown strong ferrous ions (Fe3+) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) among the compounds screened. Compound 5b showed more potent of metal chelating on Fe2+ ions activity at all concentrations.
CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRANBERRY BERRIES LARGE-FRUITED DURING STORAGE
Authors: Gorbunov Aleksey Borisovich , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna
Published: July 2019

Large cranberry is a valuable food and medicinal plant. The early cultivar «Bergman» and mid-season cultivars «Ben Lear» and «Pilgrim», the most promising for southern West Siberia, ripen rather late – in the second-third decades of September.

The aim of the work was study of the chemical composition of large cranberry berries and its dynamics during long storage. In this regard, biochemical study of dry substance, ascorbic acid, sugars, acids, anthocyans, catechins, pectins and protopectins of berries promising cultivars was conducted.

The chemical composition was analyzed by conventional methods. It was established that the early cultivar «Bergman» compared to mid-season cultivars «Ben Lear» and «Pilgrim» accumulated more ascorbic acid and anthocyans. In the course of long (5–6 months) storage of fruits in the refrigerator the decrease in the number of sugars, ascorbic acid and pectins (partially) took place in all cultivars, but the content of dry substance, acids, protopectins (1.2–2.9 times) and anthocyans (1.7–5.0 times) increased. Therefore, it is possible to after-ripen unripe cranberry berries. On accumulation of anthocyans and protopectins Siberian samples are close to or exceed Belorussian ones which form a qualitative fruit composition in more favourable conditions.

To receive high-quality by biochemical indices production, it is necessary to grow early large cranberry cultivars in southern West Siberia, to harvest berries in the late second-third decades of September when berries acquire natural color and to store fresh berries in the refrigerator for not more than half a year.
SEASONAL FEATURES OF METABOLISM OF WOODY GREENERY OF THE SHRUB LAYER BOREAL FORESTS
Authors: Zubov Ivan Nikolaevich , Selyanina Svetlana Borisovna , Kutakova Natal'ia Alekseevna , Selivanova Natal'ia Vladimirovna
Published: July 2019

A common juniper (Juniperus Communis L.)  is a representative of shrub layer of boreal forests. In this work seasonal dynamics of quantitative content of main group of juniper woody greenery extractive substances is considered. Sampling was carried out during the spring-summer-autumn period in the Arkhangelsk region outside the zone of anthropogenic impact. Forest type – blueberry, mixed spruce-pine forest stand, class of Bonita-IV. In study samples content of mineral, water-soluble, alcohol-soluble and removing by steam distillation compounds and lipids content have been determined. According to these data, content of alcohol-soluble components is from 27.1 to 33.3%. It has maximum in April which is the last month of subarctic plants resting phase. The start of growth season in May is followed by sharp decrease of alcohol-soluble components content till it is the least value. Part of the components of alcohol extracts is precipitated when cooled in the form of wax (esters of fatty acids and alcohols or sterols with an admixture of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, pigments). The maximum content (4.3%) of wax substances falls on April, the minimum (1.4%) was detected in May. Lipids content ranges from 8.6 to 12.2%. This is somewhat below in comparison with pine tree, fir and other coniferous species. The three minimums of lipids content (in May, August and December), which were extracted with petroleum ether, in juniper woody greenery are observed in annual dynamic, and one maximum (July). The content of essential oil varies slightly by season and the number (2.4–2.8%) is second only to the DZ of fir. In the group of water-soluble substances there are two highs (June and November) and a low of August. The first maximum is associated with the flow of aqueous solutions from the soil, the second corresponds to the period of phenol accumulation. The minimum is explained by the slowing down of the aspiration current through the water supply channels at the end of the summer.

It has been established that seasonal dynamics of main group of extractive substances content of juniper woody greenery as a whole is correspond to phenological cycle.
PRODUCTION OF β-GLUCAN CONCENTRATE BY OAT GERMINATION
Authors: Gematdinova Venera Maratovna , Kanarskiy Al'bert Vladimirovich , Kanarskaya Zosya Albertovna , Kruchina-Bogdanov Igor Vadimovich
Published: July 2019

Today industrial processes manufacturing functional food with elevated β-glucan fraction are vulnerable due to heavy losses in energy and valuable human nutrients, and that calls for new technological solutions. Oat malting is discussed as an approach to obtain β-glucan concentrates rich with protein, vitamins, enzymes by reducing starch level.

Hulless (or naked) oat malting duration was evaluated to control polysaccharide composition in grains. Amylolytic enzymes complex was demonstrated to degrade starch in 15 days from 59.5% to 31%, with β-glucan level rising correspondingly from 6.1% to 16.0%. It was noted that up to 6% of β-glucan can be synthesized in sprouts. Simultaneously, sprouting was accompanied by activation of endo-β-1,3-glucanase in aleuronic layer, and the maximal activity was observed on the 6th to 7th days of malting. This enzyme converts β-glucans to oligomers with lower molecular mass — β-glucan oligosaccharides, with concentration of the latter reaching 6% on the 15th day of malting.
POPLYPHENOL COMPOSITION IN THE SAMPLES FROM RUSSIAN CONIFERS
Authors: Gavrilov Anatoliy Broneslavovich , Goryainov Sergey Vladimirovich , Marinichev Anton Alekseyevich , Gessler Natal'ya Nikolayevna , Klyayn Ol'ga Ivanovna , Isakova Yelena Pavlovna , Deryabina Yuliya Ivanovna
Published: July 2019

A total polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity in the extracts isolated from coniferous wood and bark, namely common spruce (Picea abies), common pine (Pinus sylvestris), cedar pine (Pinus sibirica), siberian larch (Larix sibirica), juniper (Juniperus communis) from 7 regions of the European Russia were under study. Extraction of polyphenols was performed using a 20% ethyl alcoholic solution with a VER-200 extractor. The total polyphenol content was performed spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The total antioxidants capacity was assayed with a Tsvet-Yauza-01-AA liquid chromatograph to assess the extract oxidation on the working electrode surface. Gallic acid served as the standard. For polyphenolic components identification we used the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy with 42 standard samples of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds as the standards. 15 compounds of phenolic nature, namely salicylic and ferulic acids, stilbenes of resveratrol and isoranaptigenin, flavonoids of catechin, catechol, dihydroquercetin, quercetin, dihydrokempferol, kempferol, dihydromyrcetin, luteolin, apigenin, chrysin, pinocembrin. The extracts from common spruce (Picea abies), common pine (Pinus sylvestris), and cedar pine (Pinus sibirica) from the Eastern Russian regions, namely Perm and Vologda regions. The application of Russian conifers bark and wood is concluded to be a promising source of biologically active polyphenols.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SORPTION CAPACITY OF BIOSYNTHETIC POLYMERS ON THE BASIS OF FERULIC ACID AND CONIFERYL ALCOHOL RESPECT TO ZEARALENONE MYCOTOXIN
Authors: Karmanov Anatoliy Petrovich , Kanarskiy Al'bert Vladimirovich , Kanarskaya Zosya Albertovna , Kocheva Lyudmila Sergeyevna , Derkacheva Ol'ga Yur'yevna , Semenov Eduard Il'yasovich , Bogdanovich Nikolay Ivanovich
Published: July 2019

The data about the chemical structure of the polymers, synthesized by the method of fermentative dehydropolymerization of ferulic acid, and also coniferyl alcohol, are presented. It is established that the polyferulic acids have practically identical element composition, but they differ, according to data of IR- and NMR-13C-spectroscopy, in the quantitative content of phenol and carboxyl groups. A study of their adsorptivity with respect to zearalenone mycotoxin is carried out, and the characteristics of specific surface area and capillary-porous structure are established. The calculations of the correlation relationships between the adsorptivity and the parameters of surface-porous structure and chemical structure of different models indicate to the key role of the mechanisms of chemical adsorption, whereas the contribution of physical phenomena is not essential. It is shown that the polymer, synthesized from the coniferyl alcohol, is characterized by the highest indices of adsorption.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT AND OIL SILYBUM MARIANUM, GROWING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Ramazanov Arsen Shamsudinovich , Balaeva Shamsiyat Abdulmedjidovna , Shakhbanov Kurban Shakhbanovich
Published: July 2019

The object of the study were the fruits of milk thistle spotted (Silybum marianum L.) and fatty oil obtained from them by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of fruits and fatty oil of milk thistle, growing in the Republic of Dagestan; to determine the quality and content of fatty acids in milk Thistle oil by gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection. It is established that the fruits of Silybum marianum: contains 26±1% fatty oil and 3.4% of flavolignans; characterized by a low content of potassium, magnesium and calcium and a high content of microelements: iron, copper, zinc, chromium, strontium, manganese. The content of cadmium and lead in fruits does not exceed the MPC for medicinal plant raw materials. The indicators of oil quality from Thistle fruits are determined: the number of saponification is 187, the essential number is 183, the acid number is 4, the iodine number is 115 and the peroxide number is 2.7. It was found that the main components of the oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide are: linoleic (omega-6) 64±2%; oleic (omega-9) 23±1%; palmitic 7.7±0.4%; stearic 3.0±0.2%; arachinic 1.5±0.7% and myristic acid 0.17±0.06%. In the oil from the fruit of Silybum marianum discovered: potassium 13; calcium 0.5; iron 0.2; chromium 0.2; magnesium and sodium at 0.1 mg/kg.
DIFFERENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ON DROUGHT BY ZONES OF THE GROWTH OF MAIZE LEAVES
Authors: Sukiasyan Astgik Rafikovna
Published: July 2019

The effect of drought on the antioxidant system of maize protection taking into account the geo-ecological factors of their growth was studied. The samples studied grew in the coastal areas of the Debet, Shnogh and Araks rivers of Republic of Armenia. Antioxidant activity was determined by four biochemical parameters, depending on the degree of optimum relative soil moisture (mild – 43% and severe – 34%). The selection of plant material was carried out during the growing season at the test sites in clear dry weather. Combining the kinematic analysis of maize leaf growth zones with biochemical measurements allowed investigating the correlation between the regulation of cellular processes of cell division and cell elongation and molecular redox regulation in response to drought. The biochemical analysis of the antioxidant activity system in both control samples and those subjected to moderate and severe drought allowed us to associate drought tolerance and stress tolerance with redox regulation by zones of maize leaf growth. It has been established that stress tolerant maize is less affected by the drought in the zone of meristem since here they are better protected in drought conditions. The content of malonic dialdehide in all areas of growth of corn samples was slightly lower under control conditions but increased in response to drought. In the control samples, a decrease of concentration of the ferric reducing ability of plasma in the direction from the zone of the meristem to the zone of mature is noticeable, keeping the same tendency during drought. By the concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids, a steady decrease is observed along the axis of growth of the leaf of maize and a gradual increase with the development of stress of water deficiency.