bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Metabolic Disorders in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy
Authors: Tsiakas Stathis , Angelousi Anna , Benetou Vassiliki , Orfanos Philippos , Xagas Efstathios , Boletis John , Marinaki Smaragdi
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Glucocorticoids are commonly used for maintenance immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression and its association with metabolic disorders in stable KTRs on low-dose glucocorticoids. Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult KTRs on low-dose glucocorticoids. HPA axis suppression was defined as baseline morning cortisol < 5 μg/dL. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) and 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels were also assessed. Examined metabolic disorders included hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Results: Eighty adult KTRs with a median 57 months (IQR 24–102) since transplantation were included in the study. The mean prednisolone dose was 5.0 ± 1.3 mg/day. Baseline cortisol < 5.0 μg/dL was observed in 27.5% of the KTRs. Participants with baseline cortisol < 5.0 μg/dL were older (55.1 vs. 47.4 years, p = 0.023) and had had a transplant for a longer time (101.4 vs. 67.0 months, p = 0.043), compared with the rest of the cohort. Baseline cortisol correlated positively with ACTH (rho = 0.544, p < 0.001), DHEAS (rho:0.459, p < 0.001) and UFC (rho: 0.377, p = 0.002). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for ACTH as a predictor of baseline cortisol > 5.0 μg/dL was 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.89]. After adjustment for covariates, HPA axis suppression was not associated with the examined metabolic disorders. Conclusions: Our study showed that stable KTRs on chronic low-dose glucocorticoids exhibited an increased prevalence of HPA axis suppression. ACTH may serve as a surrogate biomarker for HPA axis activity in this population. Further research could evaluate the association of glucocorticoid-induced HPA axis inhibition with metabolic disorders.
Pregnancy-Related Precancerous Cervical Lesions: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Evolution, and Impact upon Gestation and Fertility
Authors: Balan Teodora Ana , Balan Raluca Anca , Socolov Demetra , Gheorghiță Vlad Radu , Buțureanu Tudor Andrei , Păvăleanu Ioana , Coșovanu Elena Teona , Căruntu Irina-Draga
Published: November 2024

More common than cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a precursor lesion of cervical carcinoma, being associated with HPV infection. Due to the bidirectional relationship between HPV and estrogen and progesterone in pregnancy, most of the published data claim that precancerous lesions remain stable or even regress during pregnancy, although several studies have indicated the tendency of HSILs to persist. It is considered that pregnancy-related cervical precancerous lesions undergo a postpartum regression, due to stimulatory effects of the immune microenvironment. Due to the rarity of publications on this subject, we aimed to offer a concise overview of and new insights into the current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and evolution of pregnancy-associated precancerous lesions, as well as their impact upon gestation and fertility.
The Pollen Representation of Vegetation and Climate Along an Altitudinal Gradient on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ren Weihe , Liu Min , Qin Feng , Li Quan , Yi Guitian , Chen Weiyu , Li Shuming , Liu Zijian , Peng Qing , Liang Chen , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2024

Understanding the relationship between modern pollen assemblages and vegetation/climate for various elevations is essential for accurately interpreting fossil pollen records and conducting quantitative climate reconstructions in mountainous regions. However, these relationships for the Tibetan Plateau, which is the highest and one of the most ecologically sensitive regions globally, are still scarce. We present modern pollen assemblages from 78 topsoil samples collected along altitudinal gradients from 498 to 4046 m above sea level on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. They were distributed in alpine shrub meadows, coniferous forests, and mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest vegetation types. Multivariate statistical methods, including discriminant analysis, indicator species analysis, logistic regression, and redundancy analysis, were employed to identify relationships among modern pollen assemblages, vegetation types, and climate along an altitudinal gradient. The results revealed that (1) vegetation types along the altitudinal gradient can be effectively differentiated by comparing pollen assemblages, discriminant analysis, and indicator species analysis; (2) the conifer/broadleaf pollen ratio (C/B) efficiently distinguished coniferous forests (C/B > 5) from mixed forests (C/B < 5); and (3) variations in modern pollen assemblages are primarily influenced by temperature, with pollen ratios, such as Artemisia/Cyperaceae (Art/Cy) and Tsuga/(Tsuga + Abies + Picea) (T/TAP), displaying notable altitudinal and temperature differences. These findings demonstrate that variations in modern pollen assemblages on the eastern Tibetan Plateau differentiate between vegetation types and correlate with temperature variations associated with elevation. The results provide insights for future paleovegetation and paleoclimatic reconstructions for similar mountainous regions.
Climate-Smart Drip Irrigation with Fertilizer Coupling Strategies to Improve Tomato Yield, Quality, Resources Use Efficiency and Mitigate Greenhouse Gases Emissions
Authors: Ma Xinchao , Yang Yanchao , Tan Zhanming , Cheng Yunxia , Wang Tingting , Yang Liyu , He Tao , Liang Shuang
Published: November 2024

Background: Integrated water and fertilizer management is important for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Climate-smart drip irrigation with fertilizer coupling strategies plays an important role to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring food production, and alleviating water scarcity and excessive use of fertilizers. Methods: The greenhouse experiment consists of three drip irrigation treatments which include D1: drip irrigation (100 mm); D2: drip irrigation (200 mm); D3: drip irrigation (300 mm) under three different fertilizer management practices N1: nitrogen level (150 kg N ha−1); N2: nitrogen level (300 kg N ha−1); N3: nitrogen level (450 kg N ha−1). Results: The results showed that significantly improved soil moisture contents, quality and tomato yield, while reduced (38.6%) greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under the D3N3 treatment. The D2 and D3 drip irrigation treatments with 450 kg nitrogen ha−1 considerably improved NH4+-N contents, and NO3−-N contents at the fruit formation stage. The improve in net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), evapotranspiration (ET), and ecosystem crop water productivity (CWPeco) through D3N3 treatment is higher. The D3N3 treatment improved (28.2%) the net global warming potential (GWP), but reduced GHGI, due to improved (18.4%) tomato yield. The D3N3 treatment had significantly greater irrigation water productivity (IWP) (42.8%), total soluble sugar (TSS) (32.9%), vitamin C content (VC) (39.2%), soluble sugar content (SSC) (44.2%), lycopene content (41.3%) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) (52.4%), as compared to D1N1 treatment. Conclusions: Therefore, in greenhouse experiments, the D3N3 may be an effective water-saving and fertilizer management approach, which can improve WUE, tomato yield, and quality while reducing the effect of global warming.
Age-Related Differences and Reliability of a Field-Based Fitness Test Battery in Young Trained Footballers: The Role of Biological Age
Authors: Jimenez-Iglesias Jose , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Landi-Fernández Mario , Perez-Bey Alejandro , Castro-Piñero Jose
Published: November 2024

Background: the purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability of a field-based fitness test battery in young trained football players, according to biological age. Methods: 197 young trained football players (12–19 years old) participated in the study. We measured anthropometric measurements (i.e., height, sitting height, length leg, and body mass), a bilateral vertical jumping test (CMJ), a progressive loading test of squats and hip thrust, acceleration and speed tests (10 m and 30 m sprint tests), a change-of-direction ability test (V–cut test), and a cardiorespiratory fitness test (30–15 intermittent fitness test). Statistical data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation by PHV group in tests and retests. Test reliability was assessed through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with an ICC above 0.9 being considered high. To evaluate accuracy and repeatability, standard error of measurement, coefficient of variation, and minimum detectable change at 90% were determined and Bland–Altman diagrams were used, establishing a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: All of the tests showed non-significant differences between the test and retest in the pooled sample (p > 0.05). Furthermore, all of them presented a trivial effect size (<0.2) and high intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.9), which indicates the high reproducibility of the tests, despite some of them presenting a significant difference between trials (i.e., the CMJ, 10 m sprint, V–cut, and squat tests). Low measurement errors were found for all tests (coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.39–9.39), except for the CMJ and the progressive loading test for squat and hip thrust exercises (CV = 12.2–21.11). Similar results were found irrespective of biological age group. Conclusions: All tests were reliable for the pooled sample as well as for the biological age groups.
Efficacy of Mammographic Artificial Intelligence-Based Computer-Aided Detection in Predicting Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Park Ga Eun , Kang Bong Joo , Kim Sung Hun , Mun Han Song
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the potential of an AI-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) system in digital mammography for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A retrospective analysis of 132 patients who underwent NAC and surgery between January 2020 and December 2022 was performed. Pre- and post-NAC mammograms were analyzed using conventional CAD and AI-CAD systems, with negative exams defined by the absence of marked abnormalities. Two radiologists reviewed mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Concordance rates between CAD and AI-CAD were calculated, and the diagnostic performance, including the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), was assessed. The pre-NAC concordance rates were 90.9% for CAD and 97% for AI-CAD, while post-NAC rates were 88.6% for CAD and 89.4% for AI-CAD. The MRI had the highest diagnostic performance for pCR prediction, with AI-CAD performing comparably to other modalities. Univariate analysis identified significant predictors of pCR, including AI-CAD, mammography, ultrasound, MRI, histologic grade, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67. In multivariable analysis, negative MRI, histologic grade 3, and HER2 positivity remained significant predictors. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that AI-CAD in digital mammography shows the potential to examine the pCR of breast cancer patients following NAC.
A Machine Learning Free Energy Functional for the 1D Reference Interaction Site Model: Towards Prediction of Solvation Free Energy for All Solvent Systems
Authors: Conn Jonathan G. M. , Ahmad Abdullah , Palmer David S.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the interactions between solutes and solvents is vital in many areas of the chemical sciences. Solvation free energy (SFE) is an important thermodynamic property in characterising molecular solvation and so accurate prediction of this property is sought after. The One-Dimensional Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) is a well-established method for modelling solvation, but it is known to yield large errors in the calculation of SFE. In this work, we show that a single machine learning free energy functional for RISM can accurately model solvation thermodynamics in multiple solvents. A convolutional neural network is trained on solvation free energy density functions calculated by RISM for small organic molecules in approximately 100 different solvent systems. We achieve an average RMSE of 1.41 kcal/mol and an R2 of 0.89 across all solvent systems. We also compare the performance for the most and least commonly represented solvents and show that higher accuracy is generally seen with higher volumes of data, with RMSE values of 0.69–1.29 kcal/mol and R2 values of 0.78–0.97 for solvents with more than 50 data points. We have shown that machine learning can greatly improve solvation free energy predictions in RISM, while demonstrating that the methodology is generalisable across solvent systems. This represents a significant step towards a universal machine learning SFE functional for RISM.
Water Vapor-Impermeable AlON/HfOx Bilayer Films Deposited by Hybrid High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering/Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Processes
Authors: Chang Li-Chun , Lin Sheng-En
Published: November 2024

Water vapor-impermeable AlON/HfOx bilayer films were constructed through a hybrid high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering process (RFMS), applied as an encapsulation of flexible electronics such as organic photovoltaics. The deposition of monolithic and amorphous AlON films through HiPIMS was investigated by varying the duty cycles from 5% to 20%. At an accelerated test condition, 60 °C, and 90% relative humidity, a 100 nm thick monolithic AlON film prepared using a duty cycle of 20% exhibited a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 0.0903 g m−2 day−1 after testing for 336 h. Furthermore, after introducing a nanocrystalline HfOx film through RFMS, a 214 nm thick AlON/HfOx bilayer film reached the lowest WVTR of 0.0126 g m−2 day−1.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study of the Temperature Dependences of the Optical and Exciton Properties of MoS2 and WS2 Monolayers
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Tung , Nguyen Xuan Au , Hoang Anh Tuan , Kim Tae Jung
Published: November 2024

The optical properties of MoS2 and WS2 monolayers are significantly influenced by fabrication methods, especially with respect to the behavior of excitons at the K−point of the Brillouin zone. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we obtain the complex dielectric functions of monolayers of these materials from cryogenic to room temperatures over the energy range 1.5 to 6.0 eV. The excitonic structure of each sample is analyzed meticulously by fitting the data to a standard analytical function to extract the energy positions of the excitons at each temperature. At low temperatures, excitonic structures are blue-shifted and sharpened due to the reduction in phonon noise and lattice distance. The excitons of monolayers fabricated by MOCVD separate into sub-structures at low temperatures, while monolayers grown by LPCVD and APCVD remain a single peak. The origin of these peaks as charged or neutral excitons follows from their temperature dependences.
Transmission and Reflection Properties of Iron Pyrite-Epoxy Resin Composite for Electromagnetic Applications
Authors: Poyyamozhi Mukilan , Murugesan Balasubramanian , Rajamanickam Narayanamoorthi , Pandey Devesh Kr , Emara Ahmed
Published: November 2024

This study examines the electromagnetic properties of a composite material composed of iron pyrite (FeS2) and epoxy resin, mixed in a 3:2 weight ratio to create a 10 cm3 cube. The research analyzes transmission and reflection coefficients and band gap parameters to determine its viability as an antenna substrate for electromagnetic wave applications. The composite displays a tunable band gap of 1.3 eV, enabling selective absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation. The transmission coefficient achieved 90% throughout a frequency range of 1 GHz to 15 GHz, whilst the reflection coefficient was measured at 10%, significantly reducing reflecting losses. The epoxy resin binder was essential for preserving structural integrity and augmenting the dielectric characteristics of the composite, thereby raising transmission efficiency. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption value of 0.875% at the band gap, indicating efficient interaction with UV energy. The S21 transmission coefficient ranged from −10 dB to −80 dB, with a maximum of −40 dB at 6 GHz, indicating strong energy transfer capability for antenna applications. The S21 values exhibited negligible signal attenuation between 2 GHz and 7 GHz, indicating the material’s exceptional suitability for antenna substrates necessitating dependable transmission. The S11 reflection coefficient varied from −5 dB to −55 dB, with substantial decreases between 4 GHz and 14 GHz, when reflection decreased to −45 dB, signifying little signal reflection at essential frequencies. The results underscore the composite’s appropriateness for applications requiring high transmission efficiency, little reflection, and effective engagement with electromagnetic waves, especially as an antenna substrate. Measurements were performed using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to obtain the S11 and S21 characteristics, underscoring the material’s potential in sophisticated electromagnetic applications.
Enhanced Ninth-Order Memory-Based Iterative Technique for Efficiently Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Mittal Shubham Kumar , Panday Sunil , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: November 2024

In this article, we present a novel three-step with-memory iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. We have improved the convergence order of a well-known optimal eighth-order iterative method by converting it into a with-memory version. The Hermite interpolating polynomial is utilized to compute a self-accelerating parameter that improves the convergence order. The proposed uni-parametric with-memory iterative method improves its R-order of convergence from 8 to 8.8989. Additionally, no more function evaluations are required to achieve this improvement in convergence order. Furthermore, the efficiency index has increased from 1.6818 to 1.7272. The proposed method is shown to be more effective than some well-known existing methods, as shown by extensive numerical testing on a variety of problems.
Conventional Versus Regenerative Methods for Wound Healing: A Comparative Experimental Study on a Sheep Model
Authors: Elia Rossella , Maruccia Michele , Di Summa Pietro Giovanni , Trisciuzzi Rodrigo , Lovero Giuditta , Cazzato Gerardo , Lacitignola Luca , Staffieri Francesco , Crovace Alberto Maria
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Wound healing is a complex process involving cellular, anatomical, and functional repair, often hindered in chronic wounds associated with diseases like diabetes and vascular disorders. This study investigated the efficacy of conventional and regenerative wound healing approaches in a sheep surgical wound model. Materials and Methods: Six female Bergamasca sheep underwent five full-thickness skin lesions treated with various methods: sterile gauze (control), chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, micronized dermis system application, and dermal matrix. Wound healing progression was monitored over 42 days through wound dimension measurements, exudate analysis, and histopathological evaluations. Results: The results indicated that all wounds healed completely by day 42, with significant reductions in wound size and exudate over time. Notably, Micronized dermis system application and dermal matrix treatments showed a faster evolution in exudate characteristics and improved collagen reorganization compared to other treatments. Histological analysis revealed earlier neovascularization and better reconstitution of hair follicles in these groups. Despite the lack of significant differences in healing time, both regenerative approaches enhanced wound healing phases, contributing to exudate control, angiogenesis promotion, and reduced scar formation. Conclusions: The findings suggest that while micronized dermis system application and dermal matrix do not accelerate acute wound healing compared to conventional methods, they offer potential benefits in managing exudate and improving tissue regeneration, warranting further investigation in chronic wound scenarios.
Lithography-Based Metal Manufacturing of Copper: Influence of Exposure Parameters on Green Part Strength
Authors: Scheibler Jakob , Kosmehl Alina Sabine , Studnitzky Thomas , Zhong Chongliang , Weißgärber Thomas
Published: November 2024

Copper’s high thermal and electrical conductivity enables its application in heat exchangers and high-frequency components. For those applications, additive manufacturing has advantages with respect to functional integration, miniaturization, and reduced waste. However, the processing of copper is a challenge for established laser-based processes since copper’s high reflectivity impedes energy input. Sinter-based additive manufacturing processes do not exhibit this limitation since the energy for the fusion of material is applied by thermal energy during sintering. This makes them an ideal candidate for copper manufacturing. In the following work, Lithography-based Metal Manufacturing (LMM) of copper is demonstrated. Curing behavior is investigated by single-layer exposure (SLE) tests measuring curing thickness for different loading factors, particle sizes, and exposure times. Bending strength is investigated as a function of exposure time, loading factor, and orientation in the building space. A higher exposure time and lower loading factors increase bending strength. Furthermore, samples with different loading factors are produced to measure the impact of the loading factor on sintered density. For these parameters, no clear trend is demonstrated.
Effects of the Dietary Fat Concentration and Fatty Acid Pattern on the Urine Composition, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, and Selected Blood Values of Healthy Adult Cats
Authors: Paßlack Nadine , Müller Simon Franz , Büttner Kathrin , Zentek Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The dietary fat concentration and fatty acid profile can influence various aspects of the feline organism. This study examined their effects on the urine composition, apparent nutrient digestibility, and selected blood variables. Methods: Ten healthy adult cats (46.6 ± 14.1 months old, initial body weight 4.99 ± 0.91 kg) received a low-fat basic diet with or without the addition of sunflower oil, fish oil, or lard in a randomized crossover design. The oil and lard were added to the daily amount of food at 0.5 or 1 g/kg body weight of the cats. At the end of each 3-week feeding period, urine, feces, and fasting blood samples were collected. Results: The results demonstrated only small effects of the dietary fat concentration and source on the urine composition of the cats. In addition, the apparent nutrient digestibility was unaffected by the dietary treatments. The supplementation with fish oil, but not sunflower oil or lard, lowered the triglycerides and increased the total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in the plasma of the cats (p < 0.05). However, these blood values were within the physiological reference ranges among all groups. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the dietary fat content and fatty acid profile did not adversely affect the urine composition or nutrient digestibility in healthy adult cats. The lipid metabolism of the animals was modulated by the supplementation with fish oil, a relevant source of n-3 fatty acids. The observed triglyceride-lowering effect should be further investigated in clinical studies.
Unraveling Plastic Pollution in Protected Terrestrial Raptors Using Regurgitated Pellets
Authors: Wayman Chloe , Fernández-Piñas Francisca , López-Márquez Irene , Fernández-Valeriano Rocío , Iglesias-Lebrija Juan José , González-González Fernando , Rosal Roberto , González-Pleiter Miguel
Published: November 2024

The threat of plastic pollution has escalated to unprecedented levels, with particular concern surrounding microplastics (MPs) and artificial fibers or particles (AFs) due to their wide distribution across ecosystems and their bioavailability to wildlife. Although research on the impact of plastic on wild birds is rapidly growing, knowledge of terrestrial species remains limited, especially regarding raptors, which have been significantly understudied. Here, we investigated the prevalence of MPs and AFs in regurgitated pellets from six protected terrestrial raptor species, namely the Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata), the Little Owl (Athene noctua), the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni), the Red Kite (Milvus milvus), and the Barn Owl (Tyto alba), collected between 2022 and 2023. Our analysis revealed that 68% of the pellets contained MPs (47 out of 69), and 81% contained AFs (56 out of 69). Additionally, two macroplastics were found inside the pellets: a cable tie in a Red Kite and a bird identification ring in a Cinereous Vulture. The concentrations (mean ± standard error of the mean) were 2.39 ± 0.39 MPs/pellet and 5.16 ± 0.72 AFs/pellet. The concentration of MPs and AFs varied significantly among some of the studied species; however, no significant differences were observed among urban, rural, and protected areas. This could indicate that contamination levels are mainly related to the type of species. Fibers emerged as the predominant contaminant shape, with six different polymers identified, among which PET, PE, and acrylics were the most prevalent. These findings highlight that plastic pollution has reached protected terrestrial raptors and that the impact of plastic on their life cycles needs to be assessed.
Photo-Induced Aerobic Oxidation of C–H Bonds
Authors: Chen Haolin , Liu Feng
Published: November 2024

The photo-induced aerobic oxidation of C–H bonds has become an increasingly valuable strategy in organic synthesis, offering a green and efficient method for introducing oxygen into organic molecules. The utilization of molecular oxygen as an oxidant, coupled with visible-light photocatalysis, has gained significant attention due to its sustainability, atom economy, and environmentally benign nature. This review highlights the recent advancements in the field, focusing on the development of metal-free and transition-metal-based photocatalytic systems and novel photosensitizers capable of promoting selective C–H bond oxidation. The mechanistic pathways involved in various substrate oxidations, including benzylic, alkyl, alkene, and alkyne C–H bond transformations, are discussed. This review concludes with insights into the potential for integrating photocatalysis with renewable energy sources, positioning photo-induced aerobic oxidation as a cornerstone of sustainable chemical processes.
Efficient Biotransformation of Icariin to Baohuoside I Using Two Novel GH1 β-Glucosidases
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Wang Yitong , Zhang Tiantian , Yuan Ziqiao , Wei Yongjun
Published: November 2024

Epimedium Folium (EF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and its primary bioactive ingredients, such as icariin, are flavonoid glycosides. A rare EF flavonoid, baohuoside I, exhibits superior bioactivities and enhanced bioavailability compared to its metabolic precursor icariin. The biotransformation of icariin to baohuoside I can be effectively and specifically achieved by β-glucosidases. In this study, 33 candidate full-length β-glucosidase genes were screened from a previously built carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) gene dataset derived from cow fecal microbiota. Thirteen of them exhibited β-glucosidase activity, with DCF-bgl-26 and DCF-bgl-27 showing relatively high expression levels and β-glucosidase activity. The maximum β-glucosidase activity of DCF-bgl-26 and DCF-bgl-27 was achieved at 45 °C and pH 6.0, with DCF-bgl-26 demonstrating better thermostability and pH tolerance compared to DCF-bgl-27. The activities of DCF-bgl-26 and DCF-bgl-27 were 123.2 U/mg protein and 157.9 U/mg protein, respectively, both of which are higher than those of many bacterial β-glucosidases. Structure analysis suggested that both β-glucosidases possess canonical (β/α)8-TIM barrel fold structure of GH1 family β-glucosidases. Thin-layer chromatography results showed that both enzymes could efficiently convert icariin to baohuoside I in 30 min, indicating they have potential application in the production of high value rare baohuoside I.
1,1′-Disubstituted Ferrocene Ligand Scaffolds Featuring Pnictogens Other than Phosphorus as Donor Sites
Authors: Dey Subhayan , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: November 2024

The chemistry of bidentate ligands with a dppf-like motif, where phosphorus is fully or partially replaced by other pnictogens as donor sites, is summarized and discussed in this comprehensive review, while covering the literature from 1966 to 2024, related to more than 165 original references and discussing more than 75 independent chemical entities (1–41). Besides addressing synthetic, structural, and electrochemical aspects of such compounds, their donor properties and metal coordination behavior is discussed, along with catalytic applications. Based on their electronic and steric situations, trends in the performance of such compounds, either as ligands for catalysis or on their own merits for non-catalytic purposes, have been elucidated. Related topics that could not be covered in this article have been acknowledged by referring to the literature for completeness.
Interactive Conversational Agents for Cigarette-Smoking and Vaping Cessation: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Lachance Anthony , Da Sié Mathieu Aymar Romaric , Yameogo Achille , Plaisimond James , Naye Florian , Yousefi Farzaneh , Bergeron Frédéric , Sasseville Maxime , Gagnon Marie-Pierre
Published: November 2024

Interactive conversational agents, also known as chatbots, have the potential to increase the success rate of digital technology interventions to promote healthy behaviors. However, due to their newness and limited use, little is known about their integration, usefulness, and effectiveness in promoting smoking and vaping cessation. The aim of this mixed-methods systematic review was to assess the effectiveness and characteristics of current interactive conversational agents in promoting and supporting smoking and vaping cessation. A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted to identify studies published in the last 20 years in five relevant databases. Eight studies, including seven on smoking cessation and one on smoking and vaping cessation, were included. The results showed that, compared to other smoking cessation methods, chatbots can lead to better engagement in treatment, resulting in higher rates of sustained abstinence and improved quality of life. In addition, chatbots can be perceived as empathetic and establish a decent therapeutic alliance thanks to their communication skills. This knowledge could be useful for the development of interactive conversational agents to support smoking and/or vaping cessation. Alternative intervention tools targeting younger generations, such as chatbots, may offer an additional way for public health professionals to reach them.
The Association Between Dietary Iron, the SNP of the JAZF1 rs864745, and Glucose Metabolism in a Chinese Population
Authors: Hu Zihan , Liu Hongwei , Luo Baozhang , Wu Chunfeng , Guo Changyi , Wang Zhengyuan , Zang Jiajie , Wu Fan , Zhu Zhenni
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Dysglycemia is prevalent in China; previous studies had shown that dietary iron was associated with glucose metabolism, and rs864745 was also related to it. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between dietary iron, the SNP of the JAZF1 rs864745, and glucose metabolism among Chinese adults. Methods: 3298 participants (1584 males and 1714 females) were recruited and underwent physical measurements, laboratory tests, and genotyping. All surveys were conducted by qualified public health professionals. Dietary iron was assessed using the 3-day 24 h dietary recall method and condiment weight records. Genotyping for rs864745 was performed using the SNaPshot Multiplex System. Results: After adjusting for covariates, a significant trend was found between the dietary iron and elevated fasting glucose (p = 0.012), whereas no such trend was observed for the rs864745 (p = 0.932). Among the male participants, the risk of elevated fasting glucose was associated with both dietary iron (compared to the lowest quartile, the ORs with 95% CIs for elevated fasting glucose in Q2,Q3, and Q4 were 1.52 (1.01, 2.45), 1.73 (1.05, 3.00), and 2.49 (1.33, 4.74), respectively) and the rs864745 (OR = 2.15 (1.02, 4.51)), and an interaction effect between them was observed (p = 0.041), which was absent in females (p = 0.999 and p = 0.131, respectively). Stratified by the SNP rs864745, the males without the C allele had a linear risk increase with iron (p = 0.018), while the C allele carriers did not. Additionally, ferritin and the rs864745 were associated with the AST-to-ALT ratio (p = 0.005 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: Our study found that dietary iron and the SNP rs864745 interacted and were associated with elevated fasting glucose in Chinese males and absent in females. In addition, the presence of a C allele on rs864745 showed higher risks of elevated fasting glucose regardless of the consumption of dietary iron among the males.
Alteration of the Gut–Lung Axis After Severe COVID-19 Infection and Modulation Through Probiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Horvath Angela , Habisch Hansjörg , Prietl Barbara , Pfeifer Verena , Balazs Irina , Kovacs Gabor , Foris Vasile , John Nikolaus , Kleinschek Daniela , Feldbacher Nicole , Grønbæk Henning , Møller Holger Jon , Žukauskaitė Kristina , Madl Tobias , Stadlbauer Vanessa
Published: November 2024

Background: The gut–lung axis could be a potential therapeutic target for improving post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, and probiotics have been proposed as possible modulators. Aim: We conducted a pilot study to understand alterations in the gut–lung axis and to explore the effects of a probiotic in post-acute COVID-19 disease. Methods: We included patients after severe COVID-19 disease (sCOV, n = 21) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of a probiotic (Pro-Vi 5, Institute Allergosan, Graz, Austria) in a six-month intervention and used patients after mild disease (mCOV, n = 10) as controls, to compare the intestinal microbiome, metabolome, and patient-reported outcomes and biomarkers along the gut–lung axis at baseline and throughout probiotic intervention. Results: Compared to mCOV patients, sCOV patients showed lower microbial richness, which was significantly improved by probiotic intervention. A reorganization of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae taxa was observed in sCOV patients but remained unaffected by the intervention. Serum metabolome showed a dysregulation of lipoproteins in accordance with higher BMI and comorbidities in sCOV patients. HDL and LDL fractions/components were temporarily decreased in the probiotic group. Stool metabolome was altered at baseline in sCOV patients and an increase in L-DOPA after 3 months and butyrate after 6 months of intervention could be observed. Probiotics partially improved reduced quality of life and modulated altered immune responses in sCOV patients. Increased intestinal permeability at baseline remained unaffected. Conclusion: The study provides evidence of long-term alterations of the gut–lung axis after severe COVID-19 infection and suggests that probiotics can modulate the biomarkers of the gut–lung axis.
Self-Care and Quality of Life of Ostomy Patients: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Marcomini Ilaria , Iovino Paolo , Rasero Laura , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo , Vellone Ercole , Villa Giulia
Published: November 2024

Background. Previous research has shown that patients with ostomy frequently exhibit a low health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Self-care is a key element that influences their HRQoL. However, the evidence regarding the relationship between these two constructs in patients with ostomy is still not clear. Materials and Methods. This was a secondary analysis of an Italian multicenter, observational, longitudinal study. Participants were recruited from seven outpatient ostomy care clinics in central and northern Italy. The Stoma-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Stoma QoL) and the Ostomy Self-Care Index (OSCI) were administered to the participants. The relationship between self-care and HRQoL was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results. A total of 521 patients were enrolled. Our results emphasized that self-care is a predictor of HRQoL among people with ostomy. Self-care maintenance and self-care monitoring had a positive effect on HRQoL (self-care maintenance: β = 0.506, p < 0.001; self-care monitoring: β = 0.303, p < 0.001). The model exhibited acceptable fit indices: χ2 (151, n= 521) = 516.447, p ≤ 0.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.97, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.96, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.068 (90% CI, 0.062–0.075), p < 0.001, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.038. Conclusions. The structural equation model tested the causal relationship between self-care and HRQoL in people with a stoma, demonstrating for the first time that inadequate self-care in patients with ostomy may lead to lower HRQoL. Thus, to enhance HRQoL, interventions should be designed to improve self-care behaviors. Future research should investigate potential mediating variables in the relationship between self-care and HRQoL.
M2e-Derived Peptidyl and Peptide Amphiphile Micelles as Novel Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Schulte Megan C. , Barcellona Agustin T. , Wang Xiaofei , Schrum Adam G. , Ulery Bret D.
Published: November 2024

Background: A significant problem with current influenza vaccines is their reliance on predictions of the most prevalent strains for the upcoming season, with inaccurate forecasts greatly reducing the overall efficacy of the immunization campaign. A universal influenza vaccine, which leverages epitopes conserved across many, if not all, strains of influenza, could reduce the need for extremely accurate forecasting. The highly conserved ectodomain of the influenza M2 protein contains a B cell epitope in the M22–16 region, making it a promising candidate as a universal influenza vaccine. Unfortunately, free peptide antigens alone are limited as vaccines due to their poor stability and weak immunogenicity in vivo. To improve the potential of peptide vaccines, immunostimulatory micellar nanoparticles can be generated from them by lipid conjugation (i.e., peptide amphiphiles—PAs). Methods: M22–16 peptides and Palm2K-M22–16-(KE)4 PAs were synthesized and characterized. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously vaccinated with these formulations, and ELISAs were conducted on serum collected from the vaccinated mice to evaluate induced antibody responses. Results: Unlike other peptide antigens previously studied, the unmodified M22–16 peptide micellized without any peptidyl or lipid modifications. M22–16 peptidyl micelles (PMs) were spherical with largely undefined secondary structure somewhat different from the cylindrical, β-sheet-containing Palm2K-M22–16-(KE)4 peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs). Differences in physical properties were found to correlate with slightly different immune responses with PAMs eliciting higher antibody titers after the initial immunization, whereas both micelle types elicited strong IgG titers after a prime-boost regimen. Conclusions: These results suggest the viability of PAMs as single-dose vaccines, while both PMs and PAMs show potential using a multi-dose immunization approach.
Polysaccharide-Stabilized Semisolid Emulsion with Vegetable Oils for Skin Wound Healing: Impact of Composition on Physicochemical and Biological Properties
Authors: Trindade Giovanna Araujo de Morais , Alves Laiene Antunes , Lazo Raul Edison Luna , Dallabrida Kamila Gabrieli , Reolon Jéssica Brandão , Bonini Juliana Sartori , Nunes Karine Campos , Garcia Francielle Pelegrin , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Rego Fabiane Gomes de Moraes , Pontarolo Roberto , Sari Marcel Henrique Marcondes , Ferreira Luana Mota
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The demand for natural-based formulations in chronic wound care has increased, driven by the need for biocompatible, safe, and effective treatments. Natural polysaccharide-based emulsions enriched with vegetable oils present promising benefits for skin repair, offering structural support and protective barriers suitable for sensitive wound environments. This study aimed to develop and evaluate semisolid polysaccharide-based emulsions for wound healing, incorporating avocado (Persea gratissima) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) oils (AO and BO, respectively). Both gellan gum (GG) and kappa-carrageenan (KC) were used as stabilizers due to their biocompatibility and gel-forming abilities. Methods: Four formulations were prepared (F1-GG-AO; F2-KC-AO; F3-GG-BO; F4-KC-BO) and evaluated for physicochemical properties, spreadability, rheology, antioxidant activity, occlusive and bioadhesion potential, biocompatibility, and wound healing efficacy using an in vitro scratch assay. Results: The pH values (4.74–5.06) were suitable for skin application, and FTIR confirmed excipient compatibility. The formulations showed reduced occlusive potential, pseudoplastic behavior with thixotropy, and adequate spreadability (7.13–8.47 mm2/g). Lower bioadhesion indicated ease of application and removal, enhancing user comfort. Formulations stabilized with KC exhibited superior antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging) and fibroblast biocompatibility (CC50% 390–589 µg/mL) and were non-hemolytic. Both F2-KC-AO and F4-KC-BO significantly improved in vitro wound healing by promoting cell migration compared to other formulations. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of these emulsions for effective wound treatment, providing a foundation for developing skin care products that harness the therapeutic properties of polysaccharides and plant oils in a natural approach to wound care.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Mediated Root Metabolic Reprogramming for Arsenic Tolerance in Soybean
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad , Iqbal Anas , Salam Abdul , Hu Yuxin , Khan Aamir Hamid , Wang Xin , Miao Xiaoran , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhang Peiwen
Published: November 2024

Arsenate (AsV) is absorbed and accumulated by plants, which can affect their physiological activities, disrupt gene expression, alter metabolite content, and influence growth. Despite the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) to mitigate the adverse effects of arsenic stress in plants, the underlying mechanisms of ZnONPs-mediated detoxification of AsV, as well as the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways involved, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated root metabolomic profiling of soybean germinating seedlings subjected to 25 μmol L−1 arsenate (Na2HAsO4) and ZnONPs at concentrations of 25 μmol L−1 (ZnO25) and 50 μmol L−1 (ZnO50). The objective of this study was to examine the effects on soybean root metabolomics under AsV toxicity. Metabolomic analysis indicated that 453, 501, and 460 metabolites were significantly regulated in response to AsV, ZnO25, and ZnO50 treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Pathway analysis of the differentially regulated metabolites (DRMs) revealed that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutathione metabolism, proline and aldarate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism were the most statistically enriched pathways in ZnONPs-supplemented plants. These findings suggest that ZnONPs enhance the tolerance response to AsV. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that ZnONPs fertilization could be a potential strategy for improving soybean crop resilience under AsV stress.
A Fully Validated LC-MS Quantitation Method for Psychoactive Compounds Found in Native South American Plant Species
Authors: Tran Jonathan , Elkins Aaron C. , Vassiliadis Simone , Cogan Noel O. I. , Rochfort Simone J.
Published: November 2024

Psychoactive drugs are compounds that alter the function of the central nervous system, resulting in changes in perception, mood, cognition, and behavior. A subclass of psychoactive drugs, psychedelics, are hallucinogenic drugs that can trigger psychedelic experiences and possible changes in mental perception. The potential use of psychedelics as a therapeutic has led to an increase in clinical research focusing on the treatment of mental disorders including anxiety and depression. There are numerous species belonging to Psychotria and Banisteriopsis which have been reported to contain psychedelic and psychoactive compounds; however, there is a lack of validated analytical methods for raw plant material, which is crucial if these plants are to be commercially cultivated for medicines. This study provides a fully validated method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for the following six compounds: tryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), tetrahydroharmine (THH), harmaline, and harmine. The validated method was used to determine the psychoactive concentrations in Psychotria viridis, Psychotria carthagenensis, Banisteriopsis caapi, and Alicia anisopetala. Validation parameters were established; linearity (R2 = 0.988–0.999), limit of detection (LOD) (0.06–0.11 ng/mL), limit of quantitation (LOQ) (0.18–0.34 ng/mL), accuracy, precision, extraction efficiency (>98%), recovery (74.1–111.6%), and matrix effect (70.6–109%) were all evaluated. All six compounds eluted within nine minutes, with a total analysis time of 20 min including column equilibration. This method establishes a high-throughput method for the robust analysis of psychedelics which may see future use in agricultural research and industry.