bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vers une approche intersubjectale de la dépression chez l'adulte ?
Authors: Drieu Didier
Published: December 2014

Si l’approche psychanalytique groupale est apparue depuis longtemps comme bien fondée dans les soins aux adolescents, nous réfléchissons dans le cadre de cet article à son adéquation dans le traitement des situations limites du travail psychothérapeutique chez l’adulte. Nous pensons particulièrement ici aux sujets souffrant de dépression en lien avec des effondrements dans les soins primaires, des disqualifications narcissiques et des incorporats traumatiques. Ces trous noirs dans la psyché bloquent le jeu créatif des interprétations, constructions dans les traitements individuels. Ces situations négatives (enfermement dans des traitements à long terme) ont amené à proposer des aménagements du dispositif/cadre des traitements individuels et, par voie de conséquence, à mettre en perspective de nouveaux processus du soin psychique référés à une métapsychologie de l’intersubjectivité. En référence à notre expérience de psychanalyse groupale, nous proposons une approche psychothérapeutique plurifocale pour des adultes confrontés à des souffrances dépressives, à savoir l’association d’un travail individuel menée par un collègue avec en parallèle, la participation à un groupe de psychodrame. Dans cet article, à partir de l’expérience d’un groupe de psychodrame, nous discutons des conséquences sur notre manière d’aborder la dépression, de penser les modalités du travail psychothérapeutique, dans « l’utilisation médium malléable » des différentes expériences dans et en dehors du groupe, dans les liens entre les processus : le rêve et le jeu, le maillage des voix. En proposant un nouveau modèle métapsychologique étayé sur une approche intersubjective du psychisme, nous soulignons quelques répercussions dans nos pratiques psychothérapeutiques mais surtout discutons au final d’une nouvelle conception du sujet, des fondements de l’inconscient, lieu de métissage des processus.
Registered Nurses and Unlicensed Assistive Personnel: An Uneasy Alliance
Authors: Kleinman Carol S. , Saccomano Scott J.
Published: December 2014

To meet challenges of continuing change in the health care industry and maintain organizational viability in increasingly competitive markets, the use of the registered nurse–unlicensed assistive personnel model is an undeniable reality that fills the void created by the current shortage of nurses and decreases the costs of providing patient care. Although much has been published about the need for nurses to delegate and supervise patient care-related activities, little has been written about the skills needed to do this effectively or how these skills may be learned. Academic and clinical educators must find ways to facilitate the development of delegation and supervision abilities as nurses increasingly work with nonprofessional staff. Continuing education is an effective way for nurses to learn the skills required by changing models of patient care delivery and evolving professional roles.
Increasing Nurses’ Knowledge and Skills for Enhanced Response to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Davila Yolanda R.
Published: December 2014

Background:

A theoretically based intimate partner violence in-service program was developed, implemented, and evaluated among public health nurses.

Methods:

A two-phase, mixed-methods design was used. Phase 1 used qualitative methods for content development of the in-service program. Phase 2 used a one-group pretest–posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of the program.

Results:

In Phase 1, nurses perceived a need for knowledge about community intimate partner violence prevention resources and enhancement of interviewing skills. In Phase 2, no significant difference was noted in level of intimate partner violence knowledge between pretest and posttest (
p
< .107). However, a significant difference in skill level was noted between pretest and posttest (
p
< .003).

Conclusions:

Results support the use of an in-service program as an effective method of enhancing the intimate partner violence clinical skills of nurses.
Re-Entry Into the Registered Nursing Work Force: We Did It!
Authors: Davidhizar Ruth E. , Bartlett Doris
Published: December 2014

Because the enrollment in nursing programs dropped in the late 1990s and healthcare agencies and education programs were seeking ways to increase the numbers of nurses, Bethel College in Mishawaka, Indiana, and Memorial Hospital in South Bend, Indiana, designed a plan to encourage nurses who had been out of nursing to re-enter the work force. This article details the steps used in this partnership and demonstrates a process for helping registered nurses to return to nursing. In the 6-credit, 8-week course, nurses were prepared to function on a medical–surgical unit by reviewing important concepts related to nursing practice, physical assessment, nursing process, nursing skills, pharmacology, and clinical nursing update. It was anticipated that receiving college credit for the course would be a motivator for returning to study at the registered nurse to bachelor of science in nursing level. With 2 full clinical days each week, the students could experience a normal work shift and the routine of a busy clinical unit.
La elaboración de la Ordenanza de Montes de Marina, de 31 de enero de 1748, base de la política oceánica de la monarquía española durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Martínez González Alfredo José
Published: December 2014

Este estudio pretende analizar, desde una perspectiva jurídico-institucional, los diversos trabajos preparatorios que abordó la Monarquía española con objeto de crear, en 1748, una Ordenanza forestal para fomento naval, que compitió con las necesidades de las poblaciones rurales que veían cómo les era despojada su materia prima cotidiana, extraída de los árboles.
Iglesia católica y eugenesia latina: un constructo teórico para el control social (Argentina, 1924-1958)
Authors: Vallejo Gustavo , Miranda Marisa
Published: December 2014

Se abordan aquí interacciones entabladas entre ciencia y religión a través de la formulación de un saber particularmente influyente en el campo del poder, como fue el conformado en torno a una corriente de pensamiento eugénico. Nos referimos a la variante gestada desde la biotipología italiana para atender al control social impulsado por el fascismo y también por países como la Argentina donde llegó a sobrevivir en el tiempo más allá de la segunda posguerra. Esa versión eugénica, caracterizada por un encendido rechazo a cualquier acción pública o privada orientada a la esterilización humana -atento al mandato católico de no intervención sobre los cuerpos, gestión privativa de Dios- propició medidas también tendentes a acelerar una selección artificial vulnerando todo principio de igualdad humana. Tomando la postura oficial de la Iglesia católica ante la eugenesia, entre 1924 y 1958, su relación con la biotipología y la difusión en Argentina de la llamada eugenesia latina, en tanto expresión resultante de esa articulación entre ciencia y religión, se busca dar cuenta de la coexistencia en ese constructo de la identificación, clasificación, jerarquización y exclusión de individuos que caracteriza a todo planteo eugenésico, instrumentados merced a dispositivos coercitivos de índole ambiental.
Cirugías “fingidas” en los Andes. A propósito de un pequeño corpus documental
Authors: Fernández Juárez Gerardo
Published: December 2014

Si bien los pueblos andinos contemporáneos muestran un marcado rechazo a las intervenciones quirúrgicas por diversas razones de índole cultural, encontramos en los relatos coloniales de los siglos XVI y XVII descripciones que aluden a la expresión formal de cirugías simbólicas, bajo trance, que persiguen la extracción corporal de los objetos y sustancias que materializan la enfermedad. El artículo analiza varias de estas intervenciones fingidas comparándolas con las actuales estrategias terapéuticas de corte chamánico que realizan los curanderos andinos.
Focal Adhesion Kinase–Mediated Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Regulates IL-33 Receptor Internalization and IL-33 Signaling
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wei Jianxin , Bowser Rachel K. , Traister Russell S. , Fan Ming-Hui , Zhao Yutong
Published: December 2014

IL-33, a relatively new member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a crucial role in allergic inflammation and acute lung injury. Long form ST2 (ST2L), the receptor for IL-33, is expressed on immune effector cells and lung epithelia and plays a critical role in triggering inflammation. We have previously shown that ST2L stability is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system; however, its upstream internalization has not been studied. In this study, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) regulates ST2L internalization and IL-33 signaling. IL-33 treatment induced ST2L internalization, and an effect was attenuated by inhibition or downregulation of GSK3β. GSK3β was found to interact with ST2L on serine residue 446 in response to IL-33 treatment. GSK3β binding site mutant (ST2LS446A) and phosphorylation site mutant (ST2LS442A) are resistant to IL-33–induced ST2L internalization. We also found that IL-33 activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Inhibition of FAK impaired IL-33–induced GSK3β activation and ST2L internalization. Furthermore, inhibition of ST2L internalization enhanced IL-33–induced cytokine release in lung epithelial cells. These results suggest that modulation of the ST2L internalization by FAK/GSK3β might serve as a unique strategy to lessen pulmonary inflammation.
JUNB Is a Key Transcriptional Modulator of Macrophage Activation
Authors: Fontana Mary F. , Baccarella Alyssa , Pancholi Nidhi , Pufall Miles A. , Herbert De’Broski R. , Kim Charles C.
Published: December 2014

Activated macrophages are crucial for restriction of microbial infection but may also promote inflammatory pathology in a wide range of both infectious and sterile conditions. The pathways that regulate macrophage activation are therefore of great interest. Recent studies in silico have putatively identified key transcription factors that may control macrophage activation, but experimental validation is lacking. In this study, we generated a macrophage regulatory network from publicly available microarray data, employing steps to enrich for physiologically relevant interactions. Our analysis predicted a novel relationship between the AP-1 family transcription factor Junb and the gene Il1b, encoding the pyrogen IL-1β, which macrophages express upon activation by inflammatory stimuli. Previously, Junb has been characterized primarily as a negative regulator of the cell cycle, whereas AP-1 activity in myeloid inflammatory responses has largely been attributed to c-Jun. We confirmed experimentally that Junb is required for full expression of Il1b, and of additional genes involved in classical inflammation, in macrophages treated with LPS and other immunostimulatory molecules. Furthermore, Junb modulates expression of canonical markers of alternative activation in macrophages treated with IL-4. Our results demonstrate that JUNB is a significant modulator of both classical and alternative macrophage activation. Further, this finding provides experimental validation for our network modeling approach, which will facilitate the future use of gene expression data from open databases to reveal novel, physiologically relevant regulatory relationships.
The Orientation of HIV-1 gp120 Binding to the CD4 Receptor Differentially Modulates CD4+ T Cell Activation
Authors: Zimmermann Kathrin , Liechti Thomas , Haas Anna , Rehr Manuela , Trkola Alexandra , Günthard Huldrych F. , Oxenius Annette
Published: December 2014

Progressive quantitative and qualitative decline of CD4+ T cell responses is one hallmark of HIV-1 infection and likely depends on several factors, including a possible contribution by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, which binds with high affinity to the CD4 receptor. Besides virion-associated and cell-expressed gp120, considerable amounts of soluble gp120 are found in plasma or lymphoid tissue, predominantly in the form of gp120–anti-gp120 immune complexes (ICs). Because the functional consequences of gp120 binding to CD4+ T cells are controversially discussed, we investigated how gp120 affects TCR-mediated activation of human CD4+ T cells by agonistic anti-CD3 mAb or by HLA class II–presented peptide Ags. We show that the spatial orientation of gp120–CD4 receptor binding relative to the site of TCR engagement differentially affects TCR signaling efficiency and hence CD4+ T cell activation. Whereas spatially and temporally linked CD4 and TCR triggering at a defined site promotes CD4+ T cell activation by exceeding local thresholds for signaling propagation, CD4 receptor engagement by gp120-containing ICs all around the CD4+ T cell undermine its capacity in supporting proximal TCR signaling. In vitro, gp120 ICs are efficiently captured by CD4+ T cells and thereby render them hyporesponsive to TCR stimulation. Consistent with these in vitro results we show that CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV+ individuals are covered with ICs, which at least partially contain gp120, and suggest that IC binding to CD4 receptors might contribute to the progressive decline of CD4+ T cell function during HIV-1 infection.
Paediatric Rehabilitation Treatment Standards: A Method for Quality Assurance in Germany
Authors: Ahnert Jutta , Löffler Stefan , Müller Jochen , Lukasczik Matthias , Brüggemann Silke , Vogel Heiner
Published: December 2014

Over the last few years, the German Pension Insurance has implemented a new method of quality assurance for inpatient rehabilitation of children and adolescents diagnosed with bronchial asthma, obesity, or atopic dermatitis: the so-called rehabilitation treatment standards (RTS). They aim at promoting a comprehensive and evidence-based care in rehabilitation. Furthermore, they are intended to make the therapeutic processes in medical rehabilitation as well as potential deficits more transparent. The development of RTS was composed of five phases during which current scientific evidence, expert knowledge, and patient expectations were included. Their core element is the specification of evidence-based treatment modules that describe a good rehabilitation standard for children diagnosed with bronchial asthma, obesity, or atopic dermatitis. Opportunities and limitations of the RTS as a tool for quality assurance are discussed.
Association between Cancer Literacy and Cancer-Related Behaviour: Evidence from Ticino, Switzerland
Authors: Diviani Nicola , Schulz Peter J.
Published: December 2014

Background

This paper details the role of different dimensions of health literacy in the relationship between health literacy and cancer-related health behaviours. In particular, Cancer Literacy is studied as an exemplar of a dimension of health literacy beyond basic reading and writing skills. The link between functional health literacy, Cancer Literacy and cancer-related health behaviours is investigated in a sample of Ticino (Switzerland) residents (n=639).

Design and methods

Detailed data is collected about respondents’ functional health literacy, Cancer Literacy, cancer information seeking behaviour, engagement in cancer preventive behaviours, participation to cancer screenings, and intention to adhere to current screening recommendations.

Results

Results confirm the added value of Cancer Literacy – compared to functional health literacy – in explaining people's cancer information seeking behaviour, their participation to several cancer screenings and their screening intention, underscoring the need to take into account dimensions of health literacy beyond basic functional skills.

Conclusions

From a public health perspective, findings provide further evidence on the importance of adapting informational and educational communication intervention designed to improve cancer prevention and screening to different audiences.
Vreemdelinge en bywoners
Authors: Vorster Nico
Published: December 2014

No abstract available.
Monitoring HIV-infected Patients with Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c, Fructosamine, or Glucose?
Authors: Kim So-Young , Friedmann Patricia , Seth Amit , Fleckman Adrienne M.
Published: December 2014

Background

Published studies report inappropriately low hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) values that underestimate glycemia in HIV patients.

Methods

We reviewed the charts of all HIV patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at our clinic. Fifty-nine patients had HbA1c data, of whom 26 patients also had fructosamine data. We compared the most recent HbA1c to finger-stick (FS) glucose averaged over three months, and fructosamine to FS averaged over six weeks. Predicted average glucose (pAG) was calculated as reported by Nathan et al: pAG (mg/dL) = 28.7 × A1C% – 46.7. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

HbA1c values underestimated (UE) actual average glucose (aAG) in 19% of these patients and overestimated (OE) aAG in 27%. HbA1c estimated aAG within the established range in only 54% of the patients. There were no statistical differences in the types of HIV medication used in patients with UE, OE, or accurately estimated (AE) glycemia. A Spearman correlation coefficient between HbA1c and aAG was r = 0.53 ( P < 0.0001). Correlation between fructosamine and aAG was r = 0.47 ( P = 0.016).

Conclusions

The correlations between HbA1c and aAG and between fructosamine and aAG were weaker than expected, and fructosamine was not more accurate than HbA1c.
Mechanisms of the Pellagragenic Effect of Leucine: Stimulation of Hepatic Tryptophan Oxidation by Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids to Healthy Human Volunteers and the Role of Plasma Free Tryptophan and Total Kynurenines
Authors: Badawy Abdulla A-B , Lake Sarah L. , Dougherty Donald M.
Published: December 2014

The pellagragenic effect of leucine (Leu) has been proposed to involve modulation of L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism along the hepatic kynurenine pathway. Here, we discuss some of the mechanisms suggested and report the effects in healthy volunteers of single doses of Leu (4.05–6.75 g) administered in a 16-amino acid mixture on concentrations of plasma Trp and its kynurenine metabolites. Flux of Trp through Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is dose-dependently enhanced most probably by Leu and can be attributed to TDO activation. Trp oxidation is better expressed using plasma total kynurenines, rather than kynurenine, and free, rather than total, Trp. Increased hepatic Trp oxidation may be an additional mechanism of action of branched-chain amino acids in the acute Trp depletion test. Inhibition of intestinal absorption or hepatic uptake of Trp by Leu can be excluded. Potential mechanisms of the aggravation of pellagra symptoms by Leu are discussed.
Educación sanitaria al paciente con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada. ¿Existe evidencia de su utilidad?
Authors: Bonilla León Francisco Javier
Published: December 2014

Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica se ha convertido en un grave problema sanitario por su elevada incidencia y prevalencia e importante morbimortalidad y coste asistencial. Dada la gravedad del problema, es necesaria una detección precoz de la enfermedad y un tratamiento adecuado de las comorbilidades asociadas. El manejo, por parte del paciente de su tratamiento, dieta, medidas higiénicas, etc, puede prevenir o reducir esta complicación, para lo cual es fundamental la educación sanitaria.
Objetivo: Conocer la producción científica acerca de la utilidad de la educación sanitaria en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada.
Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica para la que se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct y Google Académico. Se incluyeron artículos científicos escritos en inglés y español. Se analizaron los artículos que trataban la educación sanitaria de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en consultas prediálisis.
Resultados: Tras el análisis de los 24 artículos seleccionados, podemos decir que la educación sanitaria ofrece beneficios tangibles al enfermo renal. Entre las variables desarrolladas, cabe destacar la fuerte implicación que la educación tiene en la elección de modalidad de tratamiento y como se considera un factor asociado a la supervivencia. Además se relaciona con un 17% menos de riesgo de ingresar en el hospital, un inicio programado de la diálisis, reduce la morbilidad, aumenta los valores de parámetros bioquímicos positivos y da más seguridad al paciente para afrontar el manejo de su enfermedad.
Conclusiones: La educación sanitaria es una herramienta de suma importancia en el tratamiento de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, y se debe ofrecer en el marco de una consulta prediálisis formada por un equipo multidisciplinar, en el que enfermería tiene un rol activo muy importante.
El fracaso renal agudo por mieloma múltiple: cuidados de los pacientes en una unidad de hemodiálisis
Authors: Cantín Lahoz Víctor , Rojo Zulaica Elisa , Vecino Soler Ana , Marcén Letosa Mercedes , Aznar Buil Blanca
Published: December 2014

El mieloma múltiple (MM) es una neoplasia hematológica con proliferación anormal de inmunoglobulinas y sus cadenas en sangre. La insuficiencia renal es una complicación grave y frecuente que puede derivar en fracaso renal en el 20% de los casos y puede requerir de terapia renal sustitutiva. Al debutar con una clínica tan inespecífica es importante un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para evitar el daño renal ya que agrava las complicaciones y condiciona la supervivencia. La depuración sanguínea mediante técnicas extracorpóreas con filtros de alto poro o high cut-off (HCO) son muy eficaces eliminando el 60-90% de las cadenas y recuperando la función renal en 50-80% de los casos. Debido a las características de estas sesiones prolongadas y la complejidad del tratamiento se requiere dedicación exclusiva por parte de enfermería durante todo el proceso.
Métodos: 9 pacientes diagnosticados de MM con cifras de más de 500mg/dl de cadenas ligeras tratados con filtros HCO durante al menos 6 sesiones consecutivas de 6 horas de duración.
Resultados: Se realizaron 107 sesiones y se recuperó la función renal en 7. Complicaciones: 18 problemas de flujo, 12 episodios de coagulación del circuito, 13 fiebre, 14 hipotensiones, 13 transfusiones, 5 tratamientos con ansiolítico y 7 recambios de catéter.
Conclusiones: Las hemodiálisis de larga duración con filtros HCO son eficaces para eliminar las cadenas ligeras y recuperar la función renal. El papel de la enfermería es importante englobando una técnica compleja y dando una respuesta humana al debut de una enfermedad tan grave.
Tratamiento de la púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica mediante aféresis terapeútica en paciente con lupus eritematoso sistémico
Authors: Guareño Antúnez Anselmo , Santos Ugia Cándida , Calderón Lozano Francisco , Del Arco Adame Jesús , Alvarez Calderón Margarita , Ramos Jerez Francisca , Cruz Cánovas Mª Concepción , Márquez Benítez Jesús
Published: December 2014

La púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica (PTT) es una entidad englobada en el concepto de microangiopatía trombótica1 consistente en la aparición de trombos en la microcirculación que provocan hemólisis, dando lugar a un descenso de hematíes y plaquetas. Las causas que provocan la PTT son múltiples2, encontrándose entre ellas enfermedades autoinmunes como el Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) aunque también se han descritos casos hereditarios dentro de la misma familia3. En los niños puede aparecer un proceso infeccioso dos o tres semanas antes de desencadenar el proceso de PTT. La causa del lupus ( LES )4 es desconocida y su incidencia es diez veces más frecuente en mujeres que en hombres, pero englobada en una enfermedad autoinmune influenciada por factores de genética o ambiental, dando síntomas como inflamación de articulaciones, riñones, piel, etc. El tratamiento de la PTT y LES consiste en la resolución de la causa precipitante (corticoides e inmunosupresores) asociado a tratamiento con plasmaféresis.
Líquido dializante con citrato frente a acetato en pacientes en hemodiafiltración on-line de alta eficacia: parámetros a estudio
Authors: Aznar Barbero Sonia , Bel Cegarra Ramón , Chica Arellano Josefina , Martínez Martínez Aránzazu , Badallo Mira Mª Magdalena , Sánchez Clavel Mercedes , Carbonell Olivares Susana , Martínez Domingo Santiago
Published: December 2014

Introducción: El líquido dializante con acetato se reporta menos biocompatible, generando estrés oxidativo e inflamación. Entre los beneficios asociados al citrato destacan sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes, poder anticoagulante, quelante del calcio iónico, efecto tampón y mejora la tolerancia a la sesión.
Objetivo: Comparar parámetros nutricionales e inflamatorios, eficacia dialítica, estatus ácido-base, tolerancia y balance de calcio en hemodiafiltración en línea empleando líquido dializante con citrato frente a líquido dializante con acetato.
Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo cruzado sobre población en hemodiafiltración en línea de 24 semanas. Inician 35 pacientes (finalizan 33), con 57,4 años, 55% hombres, 54,1 meses de permanencia. 79% portadores de fistula arteriovenosa. Se analizan 2376 sesiones. El estudio tiene dos fases. Variables: albúmina, PCR, Beta 2 microglobulinas (B2MCG), ángulo de fase (AF), masa celular corporal (BCM), Kt, volumen de reinfusión, PTTA, tiempo de hemostasia, estado de cámaras y dializador, pH, bicarbonato, calcio iónico, sesiones con hipotensión y calambres. Análisis estadístico SPSS 13.0. Contraste de hipótesis mediante T-Student y W de Wilcoxon para variables cuantitativas. Chi-cuadrado cualitativas. Significación estadística p
Resultados de intercambio plasmático en síndrome del hombre rígido: experiencia de un caso
Authors: Aznar Barbero Sonia , Bel Cegarra Ramón , Chica Arellano Josefina
Published: December 2014

En las últimas décadas la aféresis terapéutica se ha consolidado como procedimiento de depuración sanguínea integrándose en las unidades de nefrología, ya que precisa de un personal entrenado en el manejo del acceso vascular y requiere amplios conocimientos de la circulación extracorpórea y de sus complicaciones1. La plasmaféresis es un procedimiento terapéutico que tiene como principal objetivo eliminar de la sangre aquellos componentes considerados responsables patógenos de una enfermedad y de este modo contribuir a su tratamiento. La técnica consiste en pasar la sangre del paciente a través de un dispositivo extracorpóreo encargado de separar el plasma de los otros componentes de la sangre, eliminando el plasma separado y reemplazándolo en la proporción 1/1 con albúmina al 5% o plasma fresco congelado2.
Sensitivity of simulated CO2 concentration to regridding of global fossil fuel CO2 emissions
Authors: Zhang X. , Gurney K. R. , Rayner P. , Liu Y. , Asefi-Najafabady S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Errors in the specification or utilization of fossil fuel CO2 emissions within carbon budget or atmospheric CO2 inverse studies can alias the estimation of biospheric and oceanic carbon exchange. A key component in the simulation of CO2 concentrations arising from fossil fuel emissions is the spatial distribution of the emission near coastlines. Regridding of fossil fuel CO2 emissions (FFCO2) from fine to coarse grids to enable atmospheric transport simulations can give rise to mismatches between the emissions and simulated atmospheric dynamics which differ over land or water. For example, emissions originally emanating from the land are emitted from a grid cell for which the vertical mixing reflects the roughness and/or surface energy exchange of an ocean surface. We test this potential "dynamical inconsistency" by examining simulated global atmospheric CO2 concentration driven by two different approaches to regridding fossil fuel CO2 emissions. The two approaches are as follows: (1) a commonly used method that allocates emissions to grid cells with no attempt to ensure dynamical consistency with atmospheric transport and (2) an improved method that reallocates emissions to grid cells to ensure dynamically consistent results. Results show large spatial and temporal differences in the simulated CO2 concentration when comparing these two approaches. The emissions difference ranges from −30.3 TgC grid cell−1 yr−1 (−3.39 kgC m−2 yr−1) to +30.0 TgC grid cell−1 yr−1 (+2.6 kgC m−2 yr−1) along coastal margins. Maximum simulated annual mean CO2 concentration differences at the surface exceed ±6 ppm at various locations and times. Examination of the current CO2 monitoring locations during the local afternoon, consistent with inversion modeling system sampling and measurement protocols, finds maximum hourly differences at 38 stations exceed ±0.10 ppm with individual station differences exceeding −32 ppm. The differences implied by not accounting for this dynamical consistency problem are largest at monitoring sites proximal to large coastal urban areas and point sources. These results suggest that studies comparing simulated to observed atmospheric CO2 concentration, such as atmospheric CO2 inversions, must take measures to correct for this potential problem and ensure flux and dynamical consistency.
Identification and antifungal activity of an actinomycete strain against Alternaria spp.
Authors: Gao Fen , Wu Yuanhua , Wang Mengliang
Published: December 2014

Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for tobacco brown spot disease. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of strain 163 against A. alternata and clarify its taxonomic status. The evaluation of the antifungal activity of strain 163 and its bacteria-free filtrate of fermentation broth was done through measuring the diameters of inhibition zones, and testing the antimicrobial spectrum and the inhibition effect on mycelial growth in vitro. The biocontrol activity of the bacteria-free filtrate in vivo was evaluated by using detached tobacco leaves method and assaying the inhibition rate to disease incidence in growth chamber. A polyphasic approach was taken in the identification of strain 163. The bacterial strain 163 showed inhibitory effect in vitro against A. alternata. The bacteria-free filtrate of the strain 163 fermentation broth showed a 56.7% inhibition rate in a detached leaf assay. In growth chamber conditions, it showed greater biocontrol activity when applied before plants being inoculated with A. alternata than after, the inhibition rate being 46.05%. Investigations into the morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical properties of strain 163 found it to be most similar to Streptomyces microflavus. Its classification into cell wall type I and sugar type C further confirmed its Streptomyces characteristics. Construction of a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNA verified that strain 163 was most closely related to Streptomyces microflavus. From polyphasic taxonomical analysis, strain 163 was found to be identical to S. microflavus.
A maximum entropy model for predicting wild boar distribution in Spain
Authors: Bosch Jaime , Mardones Fernando , Pérez Andrés , De la Torre Ana , Muñoz María Jesús
Published: December 2014

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in many areas of the Palearctic including the Iberian Peninsula have grown continuously over the last century. This increase has led to numerous different types of conflicts due to the damage these mammals can cause to agriculture, the problems they create in the conservation of natural areas, and the threat they pose to animal health. In the context of both wildlife management and the design of health programs for disease control, it is essential to know how wild boar are distributed on a large spatial scale. Given that the quantifying of the distribution of wild species using census techniques is virtually impossible in the case of large-scale studies, modeling techniques have thus to be used instead to estimate animals’ distributions, densities, and abundances. In this study, the potential distribution of wild boar in Spain was predicted by integrating data of presence and environmental variables into a MaxEnt approach. We built and tested models using 100 bootstrapped replicates. For each replicate or simulation, presence data was divided into two subsets that were used for model fitting (60% of the data) and cross-validation (40% of the data). The final model was found to be accurate with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.79. Six explanatory variables for predicting wild boar distribution were identified on the basis of the percentage of their contribution to the model. The model exhibited a high degree of predictive accuracy, which has been confirmed by its agreement with satellite images and field surveys.
Modeling and design of a combined transverse and axial flow threshing unit for rice harvesters
Authors: Tang Zhong , Li Yaoming , Xu Lizhang , Kumi Francis
Published: December 2014

The thorough investigation of both grain threshing and grain separating processes is a crucial consideration for effective structural design and variable optimization of the tangential flow threshing cylinder and longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder composite units (TLFC unit) of small and medium-sized (SME) combine harvesters. The objective of this paper was to obtain the structural variables of a TLFC unit by theoretical modeling and experimentation on a tangential flow threshing cylinder unit (TFC unit) and longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder unit (LFC unit). Threshing and separation equations for five types of threshing teeth (knife bar, trapezoidal tooth, spike tooth, rasp bar, and rectangular bar), were obtained using probability theory. Results demonstrate that the threshing and separation capacity of the knife bar TFC unit was stronger than the other threshing teeth. The length of the LFC unit was divided into four sections, with helical blades on the first section (0-0.17 m), the spike tooth on the second section (0.17-1.48 m), the trapezoidal tooth on the third section (1.48-2.91 m), and the discharge plate on the fourth section (2.91-3.35 m). Test results showed an un-threshed grain rate of 0.243%, un-separated grain rate of 0.346%, and broken grain rate of 0.184%. Evidenced by these results, threshing and separation performance is significantly improved by analyzing and optimizing the structure and variables of a TLFC unit. The results of this research can be used to successfully design the TLFC unit of small and medium-sized (SME) combine harvesters.
Employing social accounting matrix multipliers to profile the bioeconomy in the EU member states: is there a structural pattern?
Authors: Philippidis George , Sanjuán Ana I. , Ferrari Emanuele , M'barek Robert
Published: December 2014

The concept of 'bioeconomy' is gathering momentum in European Union (EU) policy circles as a sustainable model of growth to reconcile continued wealth generation and employment with bio-based sustainable resource usage. Unfortunately, in the literature an economy-wide quantitative assessment covering the full diversity of this sector is lacking due to relatively poor data availability for disaggregated bio-based activities. This research represents a first step by employing social accounting matrices (SAMs) for each EU27 member encompassing a highly disaggregated treatment of traditional 'bio-based' agricultural and food activities, as well as additional identifiable bioeconomic activities from the national accounts data. Employing backward-linkage (BL), forward-linkage (FL) and employment multipliers, the aim is to profile and assess comparative structural patterns both across bioeconomic sectors and EU Member States. The results indicate six clusters of EU member countries with homogeneous bioeconomy structures. Within cluster statistical tests reveal a high tendency toward 'backward orientation' or demand driven wealth generation, whilst inter-cluster statistical comparisons by bio-based sector show only a moderate degree of heterogeneous BL wealth generation and, with the exception of only two sectors, a uniformly homogeneous degree of FL wealth generation. With the exception of forestry, fishing and wood activities, bio-based employment generation prospects are below non bioeconomy activities. Finally, milk and dairy are established as 'key sectors'.
Short communication. Effect of concentrate supplementation and prolificacy on the productive and economic performance of autochthonous sheep breeds fed forage-based diets
Authors: Ripoll-Bosch Raimon , Joy Margalida , Sanz Albina , Blasco Isabel , Ripoll Guillermo , Álvarez-Rodríguez Javier
Published: December 2014

Sheep farming systems in Spain are experiencing an intensification process, characterised by a general selection criteria of enhancing prolificacy in ewes, and by increasing indoor feeding with concentrates to the detriment of grazing. This study evaluated the effects of concentrate supplementation and prolificacy on productive and economic performance of a local sheep breed in different price scenarios. Ewes were fed forage hay ad libitum, without (in pre-partum period, PRE-HAY; and in post-partum period, POST-HAY) or with concentrates (300 g/d in pre-partum period, PRE-CON; and 750 g/d in post-partum period, POST-CON). The inclusion of concentrate during the pre-partum period (last 10 weeks of pregnancy) had no effect on the productive performance of the ewes. In contrast, the inclusion of concentrate in the post-partum period (6 weeks), resulted in greater milk yield (1009 vs. 1275 ± 89 g/d), lamb average daily gain (151±12 vs. 225±19 g/d) and lamb output (kg of lamb LW weaned). However, the greater productivity thanks to the use of concentrates did not always turn into greatest profitability, since the economic margin was highly influenced by the cost of the diet and extremely subjected to variability in price of concentrates. Hence, the inclusion of concentrates in sheep meat production was not always justified in economic terms. In conclusion, the use of concentrates should only be considered as long as prices of commodities remain low, and inadvisable when prices reach a certain threshold or are subject to certain volatility in markets.
De gespleten persoonlijkheid van de massamoordenaar
Authors: van Stokkom Bas
Published: December 2014

The split personality of the mass murderer

Compartmentalization refers to a process by which groups of people are put apart from others. In these compartments violent acts could be committed with complete impunity. Although many genocidal periods are discussed, this book is actually about the Holocaust and what the author calls ‘compartmentalization of the personality’. How can it be explained that Nazis felt no regret or guilt? What are the personality traits of these mass murderers? What are their personal motives? According to the author these criminals cannot be termed ‘ordinary people’ who were brought to killings by the situation they were in or pressure exerted on them. Individual choice and self-selection play a role.
Problemen in verband met de beperkte erfrechtelijke rechtskeuzemogelijkheid in Nederlands-Duitse verhoudingen: nu en vanaf 17 augustus 2015
Authors: Eule W. , Knot J.G.
Published: December 2014

Problemen in verband met de beperkte erfrechtelijke rechtskeuzemogelijkheid in Nederlands-Duitse verhoudingen: nu en vanaf 17 augustus 2015

De praktijk wordt regelmatig geconfronteerd met nalatenschappen die raakvlakken hebben met zowel Duitsland als Nederland. De afwikkeling hiervan verloopt niet altijd even soepel, onder meer als gevolg van de afwijkende regels van internationaal erfrecht in Duitsland en Nederland. De rechtskeuzemogelijkheid van de erflater biedt meestal ook slechts beperkt uitkomst. In deze bijdrage worden de huidige problemen rondom toepasselijk erfrecht en rechtskeuze in Duits-Nederlandse verhoudingen in kaart gebracht en, waar mogelijk, van een (praktische) oplossing voorzien. Bovendien wordt onderzocht welke van deze problemen onder de Erfrechtverordening (vanaf 17 augustus 2015) zullen zijn opgelost en hoe met oude en nieuwe rechtskeuzes moet worden omgegaan in de Duits-Nederlandse boedelpraktijk.
Ámbito y ambiente de la "Escuela de Traductores de Toledo"
Authors: Benito Ruano Eloy
Published: December 2014

Este trabajo ofrece una nueva aproximación a lo que se ha dado en llamar «Escuela de Traductores de Toledo», analizándose en él algunos aspectos como el mecenazgo desempeñado por reyes y arzobispos de la sede toledana o el ámbito de trabajo de los traductores. Se hacen también algunas precisiones en torno a la injustificada fama del Toledo medieval como centro por excelencia del cultivo de materias relacionadas con las prácticas nigrománticas y astrológico-adivinatorías, y se concluye con una panorámica sobre la tarea de los traductores y su ubicación toledana en tiempos de Alfonso X.This work offers a new approach at what it is known as the «Toledo's Translators School», in which, among others, several aspects such as the maecenatism carried out by kings and bishops of the Toledo's See, or the translators work environment, are analyzed. Several accuracies about the unjustified fame of the mediaeval Toledo as a main center of studies of subjects relatad to necromantic and astrologic-divinatory practices are as well analyzed. As a conclusión, there is an overall view about the traslators Job at the time of Alfonso Xth.
Recibir princesas y enterrar reina (Zamora 1501 y 1504)
Authors: Ladero Quesada Manuel Fernando
Published: December 2014

Entre las fiestas que tienen lugar en las ciudades medievales, hay algunas celebraciones que, por su carácter excepcional, adquieren una mayor relevancia y repercusión sobre la memoria colectiva de sus habitantes, destacan aquellas que tienen como protagonistas, de una manera u otra, a personajes de la realeza. En el presente trabajo se comentan dos acontecimientos que tienen lugar en la ciudad de Zamora en los primeros años del siglo xvi. La visita a la ciudad en 1501 de Catalina de Aragón, hija menor de los Reyes Católicos, de paso hacia Inglaterra para contraer matrimonio, sucesivamente, con los dos hijos de Enrique Vil; y los actos que se organizan para honrar la memoria de la reina Isabel -exequias-, fallecida en noviembre de 1504. El artículo se acompaña de una breve selección documental, con textos procedentes del Archivo Histórico Nacional y el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Zamora.Bettween the festivlties of the medieval cities, there are some celebratlons that, for their exceptional cháracter, acquire repercussion In the colectivo memory of their habitants, bettween them exist that ones that have as main cháracters the royal family. In this report are comentd two events In Zamora in the first years of the xvi century. The visit in 1501 to the city of Catalina de Aragón, daugther of the kings Ferdinand and Elisabeth, in her journey to England to get married, successively, with two Henry's Vil sons; and the acts thet were organised to honour queen's Elisabeth memory (exequias), death in November of 1504. The study is accompained by a short documental selectlon, with text from the National Historlcal Archives and Historlcal Archives of Zamora.
Orígenes de la Orden del Hospital en el reino de Toledo (1144-1215)
Authors: Rodríguez-Picavea Matilla Enrique
Published: December 2014

El presente trabajo analiza los orígenes de la Orden del Hospital de San Juan de Jerusalén en el reino de Toledo. Para ello se estudia, en primer lugar, el protagonismo de la realeza en el proceso de implantación de los sanjuanistas en este territorio. En segundo lugar nos detenemos en el proceso de creación de las primitivas encomiendas. Un tercer aspecto tratado es el estudio de los cauces para la adquisición del patrimonio señorial de la Orden. El cuarto apartado se refiere a la distribución geográfica de las propiedades fiospitalarias y su incidencia sobre la articulación fronteriza. Para finalizar con el análisis de la explotación del patrimonio sanjuanista, cuya materialización efectiva es la fiscalidad señorial.This paper analyses ttie origin of tfie Order of the Jerusaiem San Juan Hospital, in the Kingdom of Toledo. Por this purpose, it is studied, firstly, the Crown's role in the process of the Order supporters settiement in this territory. Secondly, we study the creation process of the primitiva Commanderies. A third aspect is the study of the ways to obtain the Order's Lordly Patrimony. The fourth point deals with the geographical distribution of the Hospitalahan properties, and their influence in the configuration of the border área. The last point is the analysis of the «San Juan» patrimony management, effectively matehalized through the Lordly taxation system.
Propiedad y derechos eclesiásticos en Villavicencio : un litigio entre el abad de Sahagún y el episcopado leonés
Authors: Corral Fernando Luis
Published: December 2014

En el año 1216 el papa Inocencio III emitía una sentencia en torno a un largo litigio que la sede episcopal de León mantenía con el monasterio de Sahagún por las rentas eclesiásticas de las iglesias del coto monástico que estaban a su vez dentro de la demarcación diocesana leonesa. Vamos a prestar atención al caso concreto de las iglesias de Villavicencio y a la actitud del abad de Sahagún de no satisfacer al obispo de León las tercias decimales que le reclamaba. Ante esta pretensión del episcopado leonés de hacer efectiva su jurisdicción diocesana, el abad de Sahagún esgrimía la posesión de un privilegio papal que le confería inmunidad para percibir en su totalidad las rentas eclesiásticas que se derivaban de estas iglesias. Se trata, por tanto, del análisis de un conflicto jurisdiccional por el acceso a la renta eclesiástica de las iglesias de la villa y una lucha por establecer la primacía de la jurisdicción episcopal por encima de la jurisdicción particular de un monasterio que actúa como un señorío más dentro de la villa.In the year 1216 the Pope Inocencio III issued a judgment about a long dispute between the León episcopate and the monastery of Sahagún, about the ecclesiastical rents of the churches of that monastery territory, that were, at the same time, included in the diocese of León. V\/e will pay special attention to the specific case of the Villavicencio churches, and the attitude of the Sahagún abbot to deny the payment of the tithe tierces claimed by the León bishop. With regard to the episcopate claim to carry out the diocesan rules, the Sahagún abbot argued the possession of a pope privilege consisting of the immunity to obtain the total amount of the ecclesiastical rents from the these churches. Therefore, this is an análisis of a legal conflict for the acquisition of ecclesiastical rents from these churches and the struggle to stablish the primacy of the episcopate jurisdiction over the particular jurisdiction of a monastery; that behaved as one seigniory among others in that village.
Documentación medieval en la Colegiata de San Pedro (Soria)
Authors: Frías Balsa José Vicente de
Published: December 2014

Se ofrece una relación de cincuenta y seis documentos comprendidos entre los años 1148 y 1492, la mayor parte inéditos, conservados en la Catedral de San Pedro, de Soria. De ellos quince pertenecen a reyes, veintinueve a eclesiásticos, uno a municipios y once a particulares.In this article we are showing an outline of fiftysix documents between 1148 and 1492, most of them unpublished. custodied in San Pedro's Cathedral (Soria). Fifteen of them belong to royalties, twenty nine to eclesiastics, one to the town council and eleven to other people.
La vecindad de la ciudad de Toledo hacia 1400
Authors: Morollón Hernández Pilar
Published: December 2014

Aproximación a la realidad social de los vecinos de la ciudad de Toledo en la segunda mitad del siglo xiv a través de sus características definitorias, sus privilegios y responsabilidades, tomando como fuente fundamental las Ordenanzas Antiguas de la ciudad de 1400.A brief description of Toledo's neighbourhood social reality during the second half of the xiv century, going through their distinctive features, their privileges and responsabilities, taking city's Ancient By-Laws as the main source.