bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Fake News: A Comparative Study of Instagram Users in Greece and Portugal
Authors: Pothitou Evangelia , Perifanou Maria , Economides Anastasios A.
Published: January 2025

As our society increasingly relies on digital platforms for information, the spread of fake news has become a pressing concern. This study investigates the ability of Greek and Portuguese Instagram users to identify fake news, highlighting the influence of cultural differences. The responses of 220 Instagram users were collected through questionnaires in Greece and Portugal. The data analysis investigates characteristics of Instagram posts, social endorsement, and platform usage duration. The results reveal distinct user behaviors: Greeks exhibit a unique inclination towards social connections, displaying an increased trust in friends’ content and investing more time on Instagram, reflecting the importance of personal connections in their media consumption. They also give less importance to a certain post’s characteristics, such as content opposing personal beliefs, emotional language, and poor grammar, spelling, or formatting when identifying fake news, compared to the Portuguese, suggesting a weaker emphasis on content quality in their evaluations. These findings show that cultural differences affect how people behave on Instagram. Hence, content creators, platforms, and policymakers need specific plans to make online spaces more informative. Strategies should focus on enhancing awareness of key indicators of fake news, such as linguistic quality and post structure, while addressing the role of personal and social networks in the spread of misinformation.
Virtual Culinary Influence: Investigating the Impact of Food Vlogs on Viewer Attitudes and Restaurant Visit Intentions
Authors: Truong Tu-Anh , Piscarac Diana , Kang Seung-Mi , Yoo Seung-Chul
Published: January 2025

Emerging as a pivotal trend on social media, food review vlogs not only narrate culinary experiences but also boost local cuisine and economic growth. This study delves into how such vlogs and vlogger traits affect viewer attitudes and restaurant visit intentions, guided by the stimulus–organism–response paradigm. Hypotheses were quantitatively assessed through an online survey with 347 participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 for structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that informativeness, entertainment, and vividness influence viewers’ engagement with food review vlogs, while attractiveness and homophily are major predictors of parasocial relationships. Content engagement and parasocial relationships exerted positive influences on attitudes and visiting intentions toward the reviewed restaurants. The findings contribute to the empirical understanding of foodservice communication by identifying key characteristics of food review vlogs and vloggers that drive viewer engagement and behavioral intentions. Building on an established theoretical foundation, this study underscores the practical significance of the S–O–R model in digital marketing, offering actionable insights to empower content creators and marketers in driving audience engagement and shaping consumer behavior.
Stridulating Species of Aphids of the Genus Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with Descriptions of a New Species from Iran
Authors: Kanturski Mariusz , Barjadze Shalva , Glumac Andżela , Kaszyca-Taszakowska Natalia
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present a review of stridulating species of aphids of the Macrosiphini genus Uroleucon (Hemiptera, Aphididae) and include 13 species. The most characteristic feature of the reviewed species is the presence of unusual aphids’ peg-like sensilla distributed on the hind tibia, which are rubbed against the surface of the siphunculi. A new aphid species—Uroleucon remaudierei sp. nov., living on Asyneuma persicum and Michauxia laevigata (Campanulaceae) in Iran—is described and illustrated based on the apterous and alate viviparous females. The new species is differentiated from other morphologically similar congeners. An identification key for apterous viviparous females of all Uroleucon species living on Campanulaceae and sound-producing species of the genus Uroleucon are provided. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopy analysis of the apterous and alate viviparous females of this species was made to elucidate the features of the general morphology, antennal sensilla, and stridulatory apparatus for the first time.
Impact of Comb Cell Diameter on Nectar Evaporation Efficiency in Honey Bees
Authors: Yang Shunhua , Meng Qingxin , Ye Tao , Wang Jianming , Zhao Wenzheng , Tian Yakai , Dong Kun
Published: January 2025

Honey bees transform nectar into honey through a combination of physical and chemical processes, with the physical process primarily involving the evaporation of excess water to concentrate the nectar. However, the factors affecting evaporation efficiency, such as evaporation duration, cell type, and bee species, remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine how these factors affect nectar evaporation efficiency during honey production. We measured the sucrose content in solutions subjected to combined active and passive evaporation, as well as passive evaporation alone. The results showed that eastern honey bee (EHB; Apis cerana) colonies were more efficient at concentrating sucrose solutions in worker cells than in drone cells under both combined active and passive evaporation conditions, as well as passive evaporation alone. Conversely, western honey bee (WHB; Apis mellifera) colonies exhibited greater efficiency in drone cells. Additionally, EHB colonies were more effective than WHB colonies in converting sucrose into fructose and glucose. Under passive evaporation, EHB colonies required at least 48 h to significantly concentrate the sucrose solution, while WHB colonies achieved similar concentrations in just 24 h. Sucrose content increased with the duration of passive evaporation. These findings provide insights into how honey bee colonies can efficiently produce mature honey during periods of abundant nectar flow.
The Management of the Aortic Arch in Type A Aortic Dissection: Replace, Repair with the AMDS, or Leave for Another Day?
Authors: EL-Andari Ryaan , Moon Michael C.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent surgical intervention. Numerous surgical approaches exist for ATAAD, and controversy remains regarding the optimal arch interventions for ATAAD patients. Aortic Arch Interventions: Approaches to ATAAD repair include hemiarch repair or extended arch repairs, including the hemiarch with a hybrid stent implantation, such as the AMDS hybrid Prosthesis, total arch replacement (TAR), and the use of an elephant trunk and frozen elephant trunk. While indications for each procedure exist, such as entry tears in the arch, arch aneurysms, and head vessel communications for TAR and malperfusion and a reduced risk of distal anastomotic new entry tears in Debakey I aortic dissection for the AMDS and frozen elephant trunks, the optimal intervention depends on numerous factors. Surgeon and center experience, resource availability, patient risk, and anatomy all contribute to the decision-making process. TAR has improved in safety over the years and has been demonstrated to be comparable to the hemiarch repair in terms of safety in many settings. TAR may also prevent adverse remodeling and can effectively treat more distal diseases, the presence of arch tears, arch aneurysms, and branch vessel involvement or malperfusion. Conclusions: Numerous surgical approaches exist to manage ATAAD, allowing for the surgeon to tailor the repair to the individual patient and pathology. TAR allows for single or staged repair of extensive pathologies and can address distal entry tears, the aneurysmal arch, and head vessel pathologies. In cases with malperfusion, an AMDS can be used in many cases. The management strategy for ATAAD should always involve performing the best surgery for the patient, although in cases where a total arch is indicated but cannot be performed safely by a non-aortic surgeon, the safest approach may be to perform a hemiarch initially and to plan for an elective arch reoperation in the case it is required following close surveillance.
A Critical Reappraisal of Haloperidol for Delirium Management in the Intensive Care Unit: Perspective from Psychiatry
Authors: Jiang Shixie , Gunther Matthew
Published: January 2025

Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome with multifactorial pathophysiology, encompassing a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and its management remains a significant challenge in critical care. Although often managed with antipsychotics, like haloperidol, current research has predominantly focused on dopamine dysregulation as the primary driver of delirium, overlooking its broader neuroanatomical and neurochemical underpinnings. This has led to a majority of research focusing on haloperidol as a treatment for intensive care unit (ICU) delirium. Our review critically evaluates the role of haloperidol in ICU delirium management, particularly in light of recent large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have primarily focused on delirium-free days and mortality as the primary endpoints. These studies highlight an limited understanding of the true nature of delirium treatment, which requires a broader, neuropsychiatric approach. We argue that future research should shift focus to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation and psychosis and explore the clinical and functional benefits of reducing these distressing symptoms. Additionally, the stratification of delirium by subtypes and etiology, the enhancement of detection tools, and the adoption of multi-intervention and multi-disciplinary care approaches should be prioritized. Despite the methodological flaws in these studies, the findings support the safety of haloperidol in the ICU setting, with minimal risk of adverse events, particularly cardiac and neuropsychiatric. Moving forward, delirium research must integrate modern neuroscientific understanding and adopt more multi-disciplinary input and nuanced, patient-centered approaches to truly advance clinical care and outcomes.
Model-Assisted Spleen Contouring for Assessing Splenomegaly in Myelofibrosis: A Fast and Reproducible Approach to Evaluate Progression and Treatment Response
Authors: Sharbatdaran Arman , Cohen Téa , Dev Hreedi , Sattar Usama , Bazojoo Vahid , Wang Yin , Hu Zhongxiu , Zhu Chenglin , He Xinzi , Romano Dominick , Scandura Joseph M. , Prince Martin R.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Accurate and reproducible spleen volume measurements are essential for assessing treatment response and disease progression in myelofibrosis. This study evaluates techniques for measuring spleen volume on abdominal MRI. Methods: In 20 patients with bone marrow biopsy-proven myelofibrosis, 5 observers independently measured spleen volume on 3 abdominal MRI pulse sequences, 3D-spoiled gradient echo T1, axial single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) T2, and coronal SSFSE T2, using ellipsoidal approximation, manual contouring, and 3D nnU-Net model-assisted contouring comparing coefficients of variation. Changes in spleen volume were compared to all information to assess which measurement technique tracked disease progression with the greatest accuracy. Results: The coefficient of variation in spleen volume measurements averaging over 3 sequences was significantly lower for model-assisted contouring, 1.6% and manual contouring, 3.5%, compared to ellipsoidal estimation from 3 dimensions measured on axial and coronal T2 images, 15, p < 0.001. In 4 subjects with divergent treatment response predictions, model-assisted contouring was consistent with all information while ellipsoidal estimation was not. Manual contouring tracked similarly to model-assisted contouring but required more operator time. Conclusions: Model-assisted segmentations provide efficient and more reproducible spleen volume measurements compared to estimates of spleen volume from ellipsoidal approximations and improve objective determinations of clinical trial enrollment eligibility based upon spleen volume as well as assessments of treatment response.
The Influence of Serotonergic Signaling on Quality of Life, Depression, Insomnia, and Hypoxia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ditmer Marta , Gabryelska Agata , Turkiewicz Szymon , Gajewski Adrian , Białasiewicz Piotr , Chałubiński Maciej , Strzelecki Dominik , Witkowska Alicja , Sochal Marcin
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Serotonin and the serotonin transporter (SERT) may have a multifaceted, but not fully understood, role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its impact on mental health in this group of patients. This study aimed to investigate changes in serotonin and the serotonin transporter (SERT) and their association with depressive and insomnia symptoms. Methods: This study included 76 participants (OSA group: n = 36, control group (CG): n = 40) who underwent polysomnography, while venous blood samples (evening and morning) were analyzed for serotonin and the SERT using ELISA. SERT mRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes was measured via quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Participants were evaluated for depression, insomnia, and quality of life (QoL). Results: This study found no significant differences in SERT mRNA or serotonin between the OSA group and CG. In the CG, individuals without mood disorders had higher baseline SERT levels and evening/morning SERT ratios than those with depression. Among the OSA participants, those with good QoL had elevated serotonin levels in the evening (p = 0.028) and morning (p = 0.043) compared to those with poor QoL. Baseline SERT protein levels were higher in the CG than in the OSA group for insomnia, while SERT mRNA expression was higher in the OSA group. Linear regression models showed 13.3% and 13.1% for non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and AHI variability, respectively, which was accounted for by the morning SERT level, while 30.8% of the arousal index variability was explained by the morning serotonin level. Conclusions: Serotonergic signaling may influence quality of life, depression, and insomnia in OSA, as well as the severity of the disease itself. Stratifying patients by clinical and laboratory phenotypes could enable more personalized treatment.
Altered Pattern of Serum N-Glycome in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Vasospasm
Authors: Czabajszki Máté , Garami Attila , Molnár Tihamér , Csécsei Péter , Viskolcz Béla , Oláh Csaba , Váradi Csaba
Published: January 2025

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious condition caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, resulting in severe disability mainly in young adults. Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most common complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage; thus, active prevention is key to improve the prognosis. The glycosylation of proteins is a critical quality attribute which is reportedly altered in patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we examined the N-glycosylation profile of serum glycoproteins in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage without vasospasm compared to patients with vasospasm. Methods: The serum N-glycans were released by PNGase F (Peptide: N-glycosidase F) digestion and subsequently labeled by procainamide via reductive amination. The samples were analyzed by hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography after solid-phase extraction-based sample purification. Results: Besides the glycosylation pattern, we also investigated the biomarkers following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Multiple statistical analyses were performed in order to find significant differences and identify potential prediction factors of cerebral vasospasm. Significant differences were identified such as higher sialylation on bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary structures in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm. Conclusions: Our results suggest that glycosylation analysis can improve the identification of patients with cerebral vasospasm in combination with laboratory parameters.
Comparative Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma, Corticosteroid, Hyaluronic Acid, and Placebo (Saline) Injections in Patients with Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dejnek Maciej , Królikowska Aleksandra , Kowal Mateusz , Reichert Paweł
Published: January 2025

Background: Lateral elbow tendinopathy is a common condition that significantly alters the function of the upper extremities. In case of first-line treatment failure, different local injections are usually used. Due to the lack of sufficient evidence to support it, we conducted the study to compare the outcomes of different single injections, including Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Corticosteroids (CS), Hyaluronic Acid (HA), and placebo (saline). Methods: Sixty patients with confirmed lateral elbow tendinopathy were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups. Pain intensity (average for the current day, at rest, during provocative tests) measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE), Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Subjected Elbow Value (SEV), and strength of selected muscle groups were measured before and during follow-up visits (1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after treatment). The treatment was considered successful when minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was achieved in primary outcomes (VAS, PRTEE). Results: A significant improvement was achieved in most measurements in all groups. At the final follow-up, MCID for the mean pain reduction measured with VAS and improvement in the PRTEE score were achieved in 52 and 54 patients, respectively. The complete absence of pain was achieved after 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks in 2, 5, 10, 22, and 40 patients, respectively. The comparison between the groups found a significant difference in pain intensity between CS and other groups one week after injection, between the CS and PRP group in the fourth week, and between PRP and HA in the fourth week (p < 0.05). No other significant differences were found between each group at each follow-up time point. Conclusions: We conclude that each injection treatment provides good long-term clinical outcomes, but not better than placebo. A CS injection might be regarded as a more effective treatment only within the first month post-injection.
ZooCNN: A Zero-Order Optimized Convolutional Neural Network for Pneumonia Classification Using Chest Radiographs
Authors: Ganesan Saravana Kumar , Velusamy Parthasarathy , Rajendran Santhosh , Sakthivel Ranjithkumar , Bose Manikandan , Inbaraj Baskaran Stephen
Published: January 2025

Pneumonia, a leading cause of mortality in children under five, is usually diagnosed through chest X-ray (CXR) images due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, the shortage of radiologists in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) emphasizes the need for automated pneumonia diagnostic systems. This article presents a Deep Learning model, Zero-Order Optimized Convolutional Neural Network (ZooCNN), a Zero-Order Optimization (Zoo)-based CNN model for classifying CXR images into three classes, Normal Lungs (NL), Bacterial Pneumonia (BP), and Viral Pneumonia (VP); this model utilizes the Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) approach to ensure class balance in the Kaggle CXR Images (Pneumonia) dataset. Conventional CNN models, though promising, face challenges such as overfitting and have high computational costs. The use of ZooPlatform (ZooPT), a hyperparameter finetuning strategy, on a baseline CNN model finetunes the hyperparameters and provides a modified architecture, ZooCNN, with a 72% reduction in weights. The model was trained, tested, and validated on the Kaggle CXR Images (Pneumonia) dataset. The ZooCNN achieved an accuracy of 97.27%, a sensitivity of 97.00%, a specificity of 98.60%, and an F1 score of 97.03%. The results were compared with contemporary models to highlight the efficacy of the ZooCNN in pneumonia classification (PC), offering a potential tool to aid physicians in clinical settings.
Collision Avoidance for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Based on Model Predictive Control Using Intention Data and Quaternion Ship Domain
Authors: Zhang Hanxuan , Cao Yuchi , Shan Qihe , Sun Yukun
Published: January 2025

With the increasing proportion of ships in logistics and the growing prosperity of traffic in maritime, negotiation and cooperative collision avoidance between ships is becoming more and more essential for navigational safety. This paper proposes a Model Predictive Control method that utilizes intention data of the target ship and a quaternion ship domain model to achieve collision avoidance while considering COLREGs, named IQMPC. Firstly, by utilizing the intention data of other ships, trajectories of the own ship and the target ship are well predicted to detect potential collision risks and take optimal avoidance actions in advance while risks exist. Secondly, the quaternion ship domain with its adjacent area is divided into four different parts to reflect the urgency of ship encounters. Collision risk evaluation functions are designed to determine avoidance actions conforming to COLREGs. Thirdly, several different ship encounter scenarios were simulated based on IQMPC to verify its capability.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium Battery in Shipboard DC Power Grid Based on Differential Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Li Yanbiao , Zhang Jundong , Duan Zunlei , Wang Chuan
Published: January 2025

More and more attention has been paid to ships with a DC power grid. State-of-charge (SOC) estimation is a pivotal and challenging assignment for lithium-ion batteries in such ships. However, the precision of SOC estimation is strongly connected with the system parameters. To better identify these parameters in lithium-ion batteries, a differential evolution (DE) algorithm was introduced into this paper as the optimizer. Initially, a first-order RC equivalent circuit model (ECM) was created to characterize the battery’s dynamic behavior. Following this, to estimate open-circuit voltage (OCV) throughout the entire dynamic process, a math model of optimization was established to minimize inaccuracies between the real and estimated terminal voltages. Moreover, estimated SOC values were obtained through OCV-SOC mappings and were contrasted against the true SOC values. The findings manifested the efficacy of the presented structure and technique in comparison with various frequently-cited DE variants.
Networked Predictive Trajectory Tracking Control for Underactuated USV with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Lei Tao , Wen Yuanqiao , Yu Yi , Zhang Minglong , Xiong Xin , Tian Kang
Published: January 2025

This study explores the control framework for the trajectory tracking problem concerning unmanned surface vessels (USVs) in the presence of time-varying communication delays. To address the aforementioned problem, a novel networked predictive sliding mode control architecture is proposed by integrating a discrete sliding mode control technique and predictive control scheme. By leveraging a first-order forward Euler discretization approach, a discrete-time model of USVs was initially formulated. Then, a virtual velocity controller was developed to convert the position tracking into expected velocity tracking, which was achieved by utilizing a sliding mode control. Subsequently, a networked predictive control technique was performed to compensate for the time-varying delays. Finally, theoretical analysis and extensive comparative simulation tests demonstrated that the proposed control scheme guaranteed complete compensation for time-varying delays while ensuring the stability of the closed-loop system.
Dynamics and Insights into the Unique Ecological Guild of Fungi in Bacteria-Bioaugmented Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Obi Linda U. , Roopnarain Ashira , Tekere Memory , Zhou Jun , Li Heng , Wang Yuanpeng , Zhang Yanlong , Adeleke Rasheed A.
Published: January 2025

Anaerobic digesters host a variety of microorganisms, and they work together to produce biogas. While bacterial and archaeal communities have been well explored using molecular techniques, fungal community structures remain relatively understudied. The present study aims to investigate the dynamics and potential ecological functions of the predominant fungi in bacteria-bioaugmented anaerobic digesters. Eight different anaerobic digesters that contained chopped water hyacinth and cow dung as feedstock at 2% total solids were respectively inoculated with eight different bacterial strains and digested anaerobically in controlled conditions. The diversity and dynamics of the fungal community of the digesters before and after digestion were monitored using high-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS2 sub-region of the ribosomal gene. The functional potential of the fungal community was predicted using ecological guild analysis. The dominant fungal phyla were (with relative abundance ≥1%) Ascomycota and Neocallimastigomycota. Ascomycota exhibited over 90% dominance in all treatments after anaerobic digestion (AD). Aspergillus sp. was consistently dominant across treatments during AD, while prominent anaerobic fungal genera Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, and Caeomyces decreased. Ecological guild analysis at genus level showed that the majority of the identified fungi were saprophytes, and diversity indices indicated decreased richness and diversity after AD, suggesting a negative impact of AD on fungal communities in the anaerobic digesters. The multivariate structure of the fungal communities showed clustering of treatments with similar fungal taxa. The findings from this study provide insights into the fungal ecological guild of different bacteria-bioaugmented anaerobic digesters, highlighting their potentials in bacteria-augmented systems. Identification of an anaerobic fungal group within the phylum Ascomycota, beyond the well-known fungal phylum Neocallimastigomycota, offers a new perspective in optimizing the AD processes in specialized ecosystems.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Key Genes Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis of Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Xu Xiaolan , Li Chunxia , Wu Fangjing , Zhao Shuangshuang , Chen Tiqiang , You Haihong , Lin Yijie , Zou Xiaoxing
Published: January 2025

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, and ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs) are one of the main bioactive compounds. These compounds have various pharmacological functions, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, liver-protective, and immune-regulating effects. However, the manner in which they accumulate, and their biosynthesis mechanisms remain unclear. To screen for the genes that are involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GTs, this study analyzed the differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among different growth stages of G. lucidum, including the primordia (P), the matured fruiting body (FM), and the post-spore fruiting bodies (FP) using targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, respectively. The results showed that a total of 699 components were detected, including lignans, terpenoids, amino acids and derivatives, and phenolic acids, among others. Among them, a total of 112 types of triterpenes were detected. Compared with the primordia, there were eight differential metabolites of triterpenoids, with three decreasing and five increasing in the FM stage. A comparison between the FM stage and the FP stage revealed that there were 13 differential metabolites of triterpenoids. A transcriptomics analysis showed that there were 371 DEGs in the P_vs_FM group, including 171 down-regulated genes and 200 up-regulated genes. In the FM_vs_FP group, 2567 DEGs were identified, with 1278 down-regulated genes and 1289 up-regulated genes. Through targeted metabolomics and transcriptome correlation analysis, six TFs and two CYP450s were significantly associated with four triterpenoid components. The results showed that these TFs and CYP450s were positively or negatively correlated with the four triterpenoid components. In addition, interestingly, some flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have been reported in plants, were also detected in G. lucidum, indicating that it has the potential to be engineered into a strain capable of synthesizing flavonoid compounds. This study provides useful information about key genes involved in GT biosynthesis, but further exploration and in-depth research are needed to better understand the functions of these genes.
Financial Literacy Among Healthcare Providers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pakos Georgios , Mpogiatzidis Panagiotis
Published: January 2025

Since the effectiveness of hospital management is influenced by financial management, healthcare professionals’ financial literacy has drawn the attention of researchers and policymakers. Previous research on medical students and healthcare professionals indicated that medical professionals frequently lack financial literacy; however, the evidence on the long-term status of financial literacy among healthcare providers throughout their careers is limited. In the current systematic review, we aim to examine the current evidence regarding financial literacy among healthcare providers throughout their career development. From the initial 1668 studies that were identified, 38 studies met the inclusion criteria and, thus, were included in the review. Twenty-eight studies evaluated financial literacy among either medical students or junior medical professionals, and ten studies were conducted on senior healthcare personnel. The body of evidence suggests that financial literacy is suboptimal in medical students and healthcare professionals, although it is of utmost importance for leading healthcare providers. Although senior healthcare providers or executive nurse leaders might be modestly financially literate, they are urged to cultivate skills and knowledge beyond their clinical expertise. Financial literacy depends on several factors, such as age, gender, qualification, or overall income. As the role of healthcare leaders is extended to their efficiency and participation in activities related to financial management, there is an urge for financial planning, financial monitoring, financial decision making, and financial control, while further studies are warranted to longitudinally explore the competencies of healthcare leaders in financial literacy.
Hydrological Response to Rewetting of Drained Peatlands—A Case Study of Three Raised Bogs in Norway
Authors: Stachowicz Marta , Lyngstad Anders , Osuch Paweł , Grygoruk Mateusz
Published: January 2025

The proper functioning of peatlands depends on maintaining an adequate groundwater table, which is essential for ecosystem services beyond water retention. Most degraded peatlands have been drained for agriculture or forestry primarily through ditch construction. Rewetting through ditch blocking is the most common initial step in peatland restoration. This study analyzed the hydrological response to ditch blocking in three drained raised bogs in Norway (Aurstadmåsan, Midtfjellmåsan and Kaldvassmyra) using a Before–After–Control–Impact (BACI) design. Following rewetting, all sites demonstrated an average increase in groundwater levels of 6 cm across all piezometers affected by ditch blocking. The spatial influence of ditch blocking extended 12.7–24.8 m from the ditch with an average of 17.2 m. Additionally, rewetting increased the duration of favorable groundwater levels for peatland functioning by 27.7%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ditch blocking in restoring hydrological conditions, although its impact is spatially limited. Future assessments should also address vegetation recovery and greenhouse gas emission reductions to ensure comprehensive restoration success.
A Methodological Approach for Assessing the Interaction Between Rural Landscapes and Built Structures: A Case Study of Winery Architecture in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Bigiotti Stefano , Costantino Carlo , Santarsiero Mariangela Ludovica , Marucci Alvaro
Published: January 2025

This research aims to investigate the dynamics of interaction and interdependence between winery architecture and the rural landscape, with a particular focus on the Tuscany region in Italy. The primary objective is to analyze a selection of wineries deemed iconic and exemplary for the topic, assessing their relationship with the surrounding territory and landscape. To this end, specifically designed analytical frameworks are employed, grounded in experimental methodologies and criteria well-established in the relevant scientific literature. This methodology integrates a wide range of qualitative and quantitative indicators from scientific literature, organizing them within various taxonomic frameworks. Through tailored analytical forms, the research examines how design choices impact the agrarian context, highlighting the pivotal role of winery architecture in strengthening territorial identity and fostering a model of sustainable tourism. This paper introduces an adaptable interpretive method applicable across contexts, suitable for professionals and decision-makers. The findings present a framework for evaluating landscape systems, demonstrating how passive and advanced strategies enhance eco-efficiency and landscape perception, and adding ethical, aesthetic, and functional value. Moreover, the research contributes to rural landscape discourse, highlighting winery architecture’s role in balancing sustainability, driving economic development, and preserving rural environments.
Termination Clauses in Common Law and Civil Law: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of English–Italian Terms of Service
Authors: Giampieri Patrizia
Published: January 2025

In common law, the “termination” of a contract entails several consequences, particularly on the basis of the context where such a term is used and, from a linguistic perspective, depending on the words that accompany it (e.g., “termination for cause” vs. “termination without cause”). In Italian civil law, there are manifold translations of the lemma “terminate”, which are investigated and discussed in this paper. To this aim, English and Italian comparable corpora of terms of service (i.e., online terms and conditions of web hosting services) are consulted, where similar clauses are retrieved and words are analyzed in context. In this way, the complex nature and the manifold meanings of the lemma “terminate” are unveiled, and Italian (full or partial) equivalents are proposed. The paper’s findings highlight that in order to explore the renderings of complex terms, such as “terminate”, not only are linguistic tools, such as ad hoc corpora, necessary, but also legal resources, such as statutory documents and case law. In addition, solid knowledge of the subject matter addressed is necessary. In this respect, this paper unveils corpus-based methodologies and research strategies to cope with the intricacies of the translation(s) of “termination” clauses.
The Influence of Lifestyle Modifications on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almutairi Mohammed , Almutairi Ashwaq A. , Alodhialah Abdulaziz M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation, are key to reducing cardiovascular risk. This study examines the combined effects of these behaviors on cardiovascular outcomes and their mediating mechanisms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data on dietary quality, physical activity, and smoking status were collected using validated questionnaires. Cardiovascular outcomes, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and body mass index (BMI), were measured. A composite cardiovascular risk score was computed. Path analysis was employed to assess direct and indirect effects of lifestyle factors on cardiovascular outcomes. Results: Participants adhering to a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking had significantly lower composite cardiovascular risk scores. Non-smoking status showed the strongest direct effect (β = −0.20, p = 0.006), while dietary quality and physical activity exhibited significant indirect effects mediated by LDL, SBP, and BMI. Combined adherence to multiple healthy behaviors resulted in the greatest reductions in cardiovascular risk. The path analysis highlighted dietary quality and physical activity as critical mediators of cardiovascular health improvements. Conclusions: Lifestyle modifications significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in older adults, with cumulative benefits observed for combined adherence to healthy behaviors. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive lifestyle interventions targeting diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation to promote cardiovascular health in aging populations.
Ester-Based Lubricant and Anti-Leidenfrost Additive Solutions on Aluminum High-Pressure Die-Casting Applications
Authors: Cuadrado Nuria , Vidales Eduard , da Silva Manel , Wajana Wadi , Muntada Leandre , Navarro Angel , Beltran Lluis , Vilaseca Montserrat
Published: January 2025

The high-pressure die-casting process is growing since it is a cost-effective solution in the production of lightweight parts for a variety of industries. Nevertheless, the harsh working conditions of the die lead to premature failing and poor quality of the produced parts. Lubricants are applied to cooling the die surface and create a protective film to minimize die wear. However, the high temperature of the die during the casting production makes it difficult for the lubricant to reach the die surface due to the Leidenfrost effect. In this study, the effectiveness of newly developed ester-based lubricants designed to address Leidenfrost phenomenon in high-pressure die-casting is evaluated at laboratory and pilot plant scale. The new lubricants are based on the same ester solution; however, one of them includes a specially formulated anti-Leidenfrost additive to optimize performance at the temperature ranges typically encountered in industrial aluminum high-pressure die-casting processes. The results show a correlation between lubricant heat-transfer capability and aluminum adhesion. Additionally, a pilot plant methodology for testing newly formulated lubricants has been established while the experimental methodology developed for assessing heat-transfer capability is validated as a rapid and cost-effective approach for evaluating lubrication alternatives for high-pressure die-casting applications. Finally, the efficiency of environmentally friendly ester-based lubricants for high-temperature applications has been demonstrated.
An Investigation of the Influence of Paste’s Rheological Characteristics on the Tensile Creep of HVFAC at Early Ages
Authors: Ni Tongyuan , Chen Kang , Gao Fangshi , Li Xingrui , Yang Yang , Kong Deyu , Yao Shuifeng
Published: January 2025

The rheological properties of concrete paste significantly influence its tensile creep behavior. In this study, the tensile creep behavior of high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) employing the same cementitious pastes was experimentally investigated, and the rheological properties of the paste containing a high volume of fly ash using the nanoindentation (NI) technique was investigated in order to explore the influence of the paste’s rheological properties (such as micro-mechanical properties and microscopic creep) on the early-age tensile creep of HVFAC. The results demonstrated that the micro-strain of paste containing a high volume of fly ash (HVFA) showed a larger value than that without fly ash. As the test age extends, a decreasing trend in microscopic creep was observed which could be attributed to the growth of the content of HD C–S–H (high density C–S–H) gel. Moreover, within the same age period, the experimental data revealed that the incorporation of fly ash resulted in the reduction of the values of the creep modulus C and characteristic time τ. The effects of fly ash dosages and loading age on the creep properties of concrete was consistent with the micro-creep properties of the cementitious paste. The tensile specific creep values derived from the ZC (“ZC” are initials for the word ‘‘self-developed” in Chinese) model based on nanoindentation data closely match those obtained from experiments.
Four-Dimensional Printing of β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Modified Shape Memory Polymers for Bone Scaffolds in Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Rajzer Izabella , Kurowska Anna , Janusz Jarosław , Maślanka Maksymilian , Jabłoński Adam , Szczygieł Piotr , Fabia Janusz , Novotný Roman , Piekarczyk Wojciech , Ziąbka Magdalena , Frankova Jana
Published: January 2025

The use of scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration requires an appropriate selection of materials and manufacturing techniques that provide the basis for supporting both cartilage and bone tissue formation. As scaffolds are designed to replicate a part of the replaced tissue and ensure cell growth and differentiation, implantable materials have to meet various biological requirements, e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. Osteoconductive materials such as tricalcium phosphate ceramics and some biodegradable polymers appear to be a perfect choice. The present work evaluates the structural, mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of a shape memory terpolymer modified with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). A new approach is using the developed materials for 4D printing, with a particular focus on its applicability in manufacturing medical implants. In this study, the manufacturing parameters of the scaffold components were developed. The scaffolds were examined via scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The cytotoxicity result was obtained with an MTT assay, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. The structural and microstructural investigations confirmed the integration of β-TCP into the filament matrix and scaffolds. Thermal stability was enhanced as β-TCP delayed depolymerization of the polymer matrix. The shape memory studies demonstrated effective recovery. The in vitro cell culture studies revealed the significantly increased cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the β-TCP-modified terpolymer after 3 weeks. The developed terpolymer can be tailored for applications in which partial shape recovery is acceptable, such as bone scaffolds.
Effect of Different Working Settings of Sandblasting on Resin Composite Repair Bond Strength
Authors: Lechte Clemens , Hohmann Erik , Wiegand Annette , Kanzow Philipp
Published: January 2025

To investigate the effect of different sandblasting settings on the shear bond strength (SBS) in the repair of resin composite, specimens (resin composite, enamel, and dentin; each group n = 16) were sandblasted by varying the parameters of air pressure (0.2/0.3/0.4 MPa), angle (45/90°), particle size (27/50 μm), tip size (0.8/1.2 mm), and distance (2/5/10 mm) prior to the application of a universal adhesive (Adhese Universal) and resin composite (adhesive area: 7.07 mm2). The specimens were subjected to artificial aging (10,000 cycles, 5–55 °C) prior to (resin composite only) and after repair. Groups without mechanical pretreatment and resin composite incremental bond strength served as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVAs, post hoc tests, and Chi2-tests (p < 0.05). Only air pressure and distance impacted SBS (p ≤ 0.049). However, resin composite SBS did not differ from the resin composite incremental SBS within all sandblasting settings (positive control: 21.0 ± 5.0 MPa, p ≥ 0.566). While sandblasting did not impact bond strength on enamel (control: 20.5 ± 5.1 MPa, p ≥ 0.999), most settings resulted in a lower bond strength on dentin (control: 20.1 ± 4.7 MPa, p ≤ 0.027). In conclusion, sandblasting significantly improves resin composite repair bond strength, while application parameters are of minor relevance.
Self-Powered, Flexible, Transparent Tactile Sensor Integrating Sliding and Proximity Sensing
Authors: Wang Kesheng , Du Shouxin , Kong Jiali , Zheng Minghui , Li Shengtao , Liang Enqiang , Zhu Xiaoying
Published: January 2025

Tactile sensing is currently a research hotspot in the fields of intelligent perception and robotics. The method of converting external stimuli into electrical signals for sensing is a very effective strategy. Herein, we proposed a self-powered, flexible, transparent tactile sensor integrating sliding and proximity sensing (SFTTS). The principle of electrostatic induction and contact electrification is used to achieve tactile response when external objects approach and slide. Experiments show that the material type, speed, and pressure of the perceived object can cause the changes of the electrical signal. In addition, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) is used as the contact electrification layer, and indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as the electrostatic induction electrode to achieve transparency and flexibility of the entire device. By utilizing the transparency characteristics of this sensor to integrate with optical cameras, it is possible to achieve integrated perception of tactile and visual senses. This has great advantages for applications in the field of intelligent perception and is expected to be integrated with different types of optical sensors in the future to achieve multimodal intelligent perception and sensing technology, which will contribute to the intelligence and integration of robot sensing.
Vegetable Fibers in Cement Composites: A Bibliometric Analysis, Current Status, and Future Outlooks
Authors: Arvizu-Montes A. , Martinez-Echevarria M. J.
Published: January 2025

The use of vegetable fibers (VFs) in cement-based composites has increased in recent years owing to their minimal environmental impact and notable particular properties. VFs have aroused interest within the scientific community because of their potential as a sustainable alternative for construction. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of VFs in cement composites using data from the Scopus database and scientometric tools to explore publication trends, influential sources, and research directions. Key findings reveal a steady increase in publications, with Construction and Building Materials identified as a leading journal in the field and China and Brazil as prominent contributors in terms of publications and citations. The analysis highlights a strong focus on mechanical properties and durability, reflecting the interest of the scientific community in optimizing VF composites for construction. Furthermore, this study includes a revision of the most influential studies addressing VF classification, durability improvements, and advanced applications of VFs in building applications. Finally, future research opportunities are outlined, emphasizing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), industry integration, CO2 absorption, and the application of machine learning techniques to advance the development of VF composites. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the field, suggesting future guidelines and promoting collaborative research.