bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflikter og fællesskaber blandt børn i skolen
Authors: Testmann Lærke
Published: October 2023

Artiklen er en let omskrevet version af forsvarstalen for ph.d.-afhandlingen ”Konflik-ter og fællesskaber blandt børn i skolen – perspektiver på inklusion som kontinuerlig udfordring” Forsvaret blev afholdt den 27. august 2021 på DPU, Aarhus Universitet. Afhandlingens bidrag samt empiriske og teoretiske arbejde fremstilles og anvendes til at diskutere hvorfor inklusion synes at være en kontinuerlig udfordring i den danske folkeskole. Artiklen fremstiller to hovedpointer, hvoraf den første er at fællesskaber og konflikter blandt børn i skolen synes at være forbundne. Konflikter er nødvendige for at udvikle fællesskaber og fællesskaber er nødvendige for at udvikle konflikter. Samlet er dette en del af det arbejde, som børn må gøre, når de skal føre fælles sko-leliv. Den anden hovedpointe forbinder sig til dette, ved at pege på at konflikter blandt børn må forstås som noget mere end relationelle problemstillinger – men at de ofte er forbundet til bredere historiske og politiske konflikter om skolen. Samlet bruges disse to pointer til at pege på, at de kontinuerlige udfordringer på inklusionsområdet, ser ud at bunde i skolens konfliktuelle praksis, der stiller mangefacetterede og ofte mod-sætningsfyldte krav og forventninger til børn (og voksne). Disse krav og forventninger må børn arbejde med at balancere og håndtere i deres hverdagsliv med hinanden og adgang til fællesskaber er en afgørende faktor for, om dette lykkes. Heri ligger et pædagogisk potentiale for at udvikle skolen i en mere inkluderende retning, men om-vendt synes dette at virke vanskeligt med de nuværende strukturelle organiseringer af og i skolen.

Nøgleord: Inklusion, folkeskole, fællesskab, konflikt, mellemtrin, historiske analyser
Žemės naudojimas : mokslo straipsnių rinkinys
Authors: Valčiukienė Jolanta , Puzienė Rūta , Petrušinė Aurelija
Published: October 2023

Žemė, jos naudojimas ir jo planavimas neatsiejamas žemėtvarkos proceso rezultatas. Žemėtvarka, tai su žemės nuosavybe ir naudojimu susijusių teisinių reguliavimo priemonių visuma, apimanti žemės naudojimo planavimą, žemėtvarkos projektų rengimą ir įgyvendinimą, žemės nuosavybės ir naudojimo teisių apsaugą, valstybinę žemės naudojimo priežiūrą, melioraciją, žemės derlingumo ir infrastruktūrinių sistemų palaikymą. Moksliniai straipsniai žemėtvarkos tema atskleidžia ne tik teritorijų planavimo, kraštovaizdžio formavimo, žemės naudojimo, geodezijos klausimus, bet ir sprendžia įvairias su šių dienų aktualijomis susijusias tvaraus žemės naudojimo problemas. Lietuvos žemėtvarkos srities mokslininkai savo tyrimų rezultatus skelbia įvairiuose nacionalinio ir tarptautinio lygio moksliniuose renginiuose bei leidiniuose. Todėl šio leidinio tikslas – sutelkti vienoje vietoje įvairiose žemėtvarkos srities tematikose atliktus pagrindinius Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Žemės ūkio akademijos Inžinerijos fakulteto Žemėtvarkos ir geomatikos katedros mokslininkų atliktus mokslinių tyrimų rezultatus ir pateikti juos susipažinimui visiems norintiems ir besidomintiems žemėtvarkos darbais ir šios srities aktualiais moksliniais tyrimais.
Synaptotagmin 7 docks synaptic vesicles to support facilitation and Doc2α-triggered asynchronous release
Authors: Wu Zhenyong , Kusick Grant F , Berns Manon MM , Raychaudhuri Sumana , Itoh Kie , Walter Alexander M , Chapman Edwin R , Watanabe Shigeki
Published: October 2023

Despite decades of intense study, the molecular basis of asynchronous neurotransmitter release remains enigmatic. Synaptotagmin (syt) 7 and Doc2 have both been proposed as Ca2+ sensors that trigger this mode of exocytosis, but conflicting findings have led to controversy. Here, we demonstrate that at excitatory mouse hippocampal synapses, Doc2α is the major Ca2+ sensor for asynchronous release, while syt7 supports this process through activity-dependent docking of synaptic vesicles. In synapses lacking Doc2α, asynchronous release after single action potentials is strongly reduced, while deleting syt7 has no effect. However, in the absence of syt7, docked vesicles cannot be replenished on millisecond timescales. Consequently, both synchronous and asynchronous release depress from the second pulse onward during repetitive activity. By contrast, synapses lacking Doc2α have normal activity-dependent docking, but continue to exhibit decreased asynchronous release after multiple stimuli. Moreover, disruption of both Ca2+ sensors is non-additive. These findings result in a new model whereby syt7 drives activity-dependent docking, thus providing synaptic vesicles for synchronous (syt1) and asynchronous (Doc2 and other unidentified sensors) release during ongoing transmission.
Balance of activity during a critical period tunes a developing network
Authors: Hunter Iain , Coulson Bramwell , Pettini Tom , Davies Jacob J , Parkin Jill , Landgraf Matthias , Baines Richard A
Published: October 2023

Developing neural circuits are influenced by activity and are especially sensitive to changes in activity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Changes occurring during a CP often become ‘locked in’ so that they affect the mature network. Indeed, several neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to excessive activity during such periods. It is, therefore, important to identify those aspects of neural circuit development that are influenced by neural activity during a CP. In this study, we take advantage of the genetic tractability of Drosophila to show that activity perturbation during an embryonic CP permanently alters properties of the locomotor circuit. Specific changes we identify include increased synchronicity of motoneuron activity and greater strengthening of excitatory over inhibitory synaptic drive to motoneurons. These changes are sufficient to reduce network robustness, evidenced by increased sensitivity to induced seizure. We also show that we can rescue these changes when increased activity is mitigated by inhibition provided by mechanosensory neurons. Similarly, we demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between inhibition experienced during the CP and the extent to which it is possible to rescue the hyperexcitable phenotype characteristic of the parabss mutation. This suggests that developing circuits must be exposed to a properly balanced sum of excitation and inhibition during the CP to achieve normal mature network function. Our results, therefore, provide novel insight into how activity during a CP shapes specific elements of a circuit, and how activity during this period is integrated to tune neural circuits to the environment in which they will likely function.
Novel variable neighborhood search heuristics for truck management in distribution warehouses problem
Authors: Sarhan Akram Y. , B. Melhim Loai Kayed , Jemmali Mahdi , El Ayeb Faycel , Alharbi Hadeel , Banjar Ameen
Published: October 2023

Logistics and sourcing management are core in any supply chain operation and are among the critical challenges facing any economy. The specialists classify transport operations and warehouse management as two of the biggest and costliest challenges in logistics and supply chain operations. Therefore, an effective warehouse management system is a legend to the success of timely delivery of products and the reduction of operational costs. The proposed scheme aims to discuss truck unloading operations problems. It focuses on cases where the number of warehouses is limited, and the number of trucks and the truck unloading time need to be manageable or unknown. The contribution of this article is to present a solution that: (i) enhances the efficiency of the supply chain process by reducing the overall time for the truck unloading problem; (ii) presents an intelligent metaheuristic warehouse management solution that uses dispatching rules, randomization, permutation, and iteration methods; (iii) proposes four heuristics to deal with the proposed problem; and (iv) measures the performance of the proposed solution using two uniform distribution classes with 480 trucks’ unloading times instances. Our result shows that the best algorithm is $\widetilde{OIS}$, as it has a percentage of 78.7% of the used cases, an average gap of 0.001, and an average running time of 0.0053 s.
Sarcopenia as an important determinant for adverse outcomes in patients with pyogenic liver abscess
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Shaohua , Hao Meng , Hu Song , Yu Tian , Yang Yunkai , Liu Zhelong
Published: October 2023

Background

Low muscle mass/sarcopenia has been associated with poor prognosis in many diseases, but its clinical significance in pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between muscle mass and prognosis of patients with PLA.

Methods

A total of 154 adult patients with PLA hospitalized at Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, Hubei, China) between October 2011 and June 2021 were included in this retrospective analysis. Muscle-fat related indicators were measured by computed tomography (CT) images at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level. The data of patients between the sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.

Results

The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was independently associated with adverse outcomes (95% CI [0.649–0.954], P = 0.015) of PLA in multivariate logistic regression analysis. This conclusion held true in sex-specific subgroup analysis. ROC analysis indicated that SMI may predict adverse outcomes in both male (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.718; cut-off, 52.59; P < 0.001) and female (AUC, 0.714; cut-off, 38.39; P = 0.017) patient populations.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia serves as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in PLA and patients with sarcopenia may be more prone to adverse outcomes.
Sourdough starters exhibit similar succession patterns but develop flour-specific climax communities
Authors: McKenney Erin A. , Nichols Lauren M. , Alvarado Samuel , Hardy Shannon , Kemp Kristen , Polmanteer Rachael , Shoemaker April , Dunn Robert R.
Published: October 2023

The microbial fermentation behind sourdough bread is among our oldest technologies, yet there are many opportunities for sourdough science to learn from traditional bakers. We analyzed 16S rRNA sequences in R to assess the bacterial community structure and performance of 40 starters grown from 10 types of flour over 14 days, and identified six distinct stages of succession. At each stage, bacterial taxa correlate with determinants of bread quality including pH, rise, and aromatic profile. Day 1 starter cultures were dominated by microorganisms commonly associated with plants and flour, and by aromas similar to toasted grain/cereal. Bacterial diversity peaked from days 2–6 as taxa shifted from opportunistic/generalist bacteria associated with flour inputs, toward specialized climax bacterial communities (days 10–14) characterized by acid-tolerant taxa and fruity (p < 3.03e−03), sour (p < 1.60e−01), and fermented (p < 1.47e−05) aromas. This collection of traits changes predictably through time, regardless of flour type, highlighting patterns of bacterial constraints and dynamics that are conserved across systems and scales. Yet, while sourdough climax communities exhibit similar markers of maturity (i.e., pH ≤ 4 and enriched in Lactobacillus (mean abundance 48.1%), Pediococcus (mean abundance 22.7%), and/or Gluconobacter (mean abundance 19.1%)), we also detected specific taxa and aromas associated with each type of flour. Our results address important ecological questions about the relationship between community structure and starter performance, and may enable bakers to deliberately select for specific sourdough starter and bread characteristics.
Exploring the relationship between environmental DNA concentration and biomass in Asian giant softshell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii)
Authors: Hong Xiaoyou , Wang Kaikuo , Ji Liqin , Liu Xiaoli , Yu Lingyun , Wei Jie , Wang Yakun , Wei Chengqing , Li Wei , Zhu Xinping
Published: October 2023

In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has become an accepted approach for investigating rare and endangered species because of its economic efficiency, high sensitivity, and non-invasiveness. The Asian giant softshell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii) is a first-class protected aquatic animal in China, and traditional resource survey methods have not identified its natural populations for many years. In this study, primers and a TaqMan probe targeting ND5 were designed, reaction conditions were optimized, a standard curve was constructed using synthetic DNA, and an eDNA quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection method was established. The eDNA detection technology for P. cantorii revealed that the number of species in the experimental pools showed a significant linear relationship with the eDNA concentration (p < 0.05). The eDNA concentration was negatively correlated with the length of time after the removal of P. cantorii and retention in the water body for 9 days. The qPCR detection method for P. cantorii eDNA established in this study can be applied to the qualitative detection of P. cantorii in water bodies, as well as to preliminary evaluation of its relative biomass. This can serve as a baseline for the investigation of natural P. cantorii population and the evaluation of its wild release effects.
CmHem, a hemolin-like gene identified from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, involved in metamorphosis and baculovirus infection
Authors: Han Guangjie , Li Chuanming , Zhang Nan , Liu Qin , Huang Lixin , Xia Yang , Xu Jian
Published: October 2023

Background

As a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, hemolins play a vital role in insect development and defense against pathogens. However, the innate immune response of hemolin to baculovirus infection varies among different insects.

Methods and results

In this study, the hemolin-like gene from a Crambidae insect, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, CmHem was cloned, and its role in insect development and baculovirus infection was analyzed. A 1,528 bp contig as potential hemolin-like gene of C. medinalis was reassembled from the transcriptome. Further, the complete hemolin sequence of C. medinalis (CmHem) was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA of CmHem was 1,515 bp in length and encoded 408 amino acids. The deduced amino acid of CmHem has relatively low identities (41.9–62.3%) to various insect hemolins. However, it contains four Ig domains similarity to other insect hemolins. The expression level of CmHem was the highest in eggs, followed by pupae and adults, and maintained a low expression level at larval stage. The synthesized siRNAs were injected into mature larvae, and the CmHem transcription decreased by 51.7%. Moreover, the abdominal somites of larvae became straightened, could not pupate normally, and then died. Infection with a baculovirus, C. medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV), the expression levels of CmHem in the midgut and fat body of C. medinalis significantly increased at 12 and 24 h, respectively, and then soon returned to normal levels.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that hemolin may be related to the metamorphosis of C. medinalis. Exposure to baculovirus induced the phased expression of hemolin gene in the midgut and fat body of C. medinalis, indicated that hemolin involved in the immune recognition of Crambidae insects to baculovirus.
Rural-urban disparity in students’ academic achievement in mathematics in BTR, Assam in the 21st century
Authors: Ahmed Eusob Ali , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Banerjee Munmun
Published: October 2023

As a result of its practical value in routine tasks and transactions, mathematics is regarded as a subject of utmost importance in people's lives. The researcher used a non-experimental quantitative research design focusing on a survey design in this study.  The primary objective of the investigation is to investigate the school location to indicate the rural-urban prediction regarding academic achievement in Mathematics of senior secondary level schools in Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) of Assam State, India. The overall population of the study amounted to four thousand twenty eight (4028) Grades tenth and two thousand six hundred thirty three (2633) Grade twelfth learners sampled from upper secondary schools of BTR in Assam. Research hypotheses were developed and put to the test. The data was analysed by using the statistical technique like descriptive statistics and t-test to determine the nature of achievement. The findings of the result revealed that there is a substantial mean difference in academic achievement in mathematics between boys and girls, students from rural and urban schools, rural school boys and urban school boys, and rural school girls and urban school girls in the tenth grade as well as twelfth grade.
Análise da reflexividade alcançada pelos servidores - usuários da CAPP/UFPE após a implementação de uma nova ferramenta de gestão
Authors: Da Silva Karla Rafaela Nascimento , Jerônimo Taciana Barros , De Andrade Tatiane da Costa Torres
Published: October 2023

A relevância acadêmica deste estudo está em analisar um processo real e atual de aprendizagem baseada em processo de mudança em uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira, impactando diretamente nas práticas sociais da comunidade de servidores da Instituição. O objetivo desse estudo consistiu em compreender, sob a ótica dos servidores da UFPE, como se dá o processo de aprendizagem individual e coletiva ao vivenciarem o processo de implementação de uma nova ferramenta de gestão, a saber: SIPAC – Sistema Integrado de Patrimônio, Administração e Contratos. Para isto, se buscou conhecer as práticas administrativas dos servidores após a implantação do SIPAC; compreender a reflexividade individual; e analisar a reflexividade coletiva a partir do compartilhamento das práticas no uso da ferramenta de gestão em questão. Metodologicamente, este estudo é de natureza qualitativa e fez uso de análise documental, entrevista semiestruturada com os servidores da coordenação e da técnica de observação participante. A conclusão a que esse estudo chegou foi que existe a aprendizagem baseada na prática na CAPP e que, apesar da inicial dificuldade de adaptação ao novo sistema de gestão em vigor, os servidores-usuários alcançaram reflexividade individual e coletiva. Por fim, verificou-se a grande importância da temática para o setor público, para se chegar ao nível de excelência nos serviços prestados.
Analysis of the properties of orthotropic composites in terms of their use in airframe repairs
Authors:   Military University of Technology in Warsaw, Arkuszyńska Angelika , Godzimirski Jan , Rośkowicz Marek
Published: October 2023

The aim of the research was to determine the basic strength properties of orthotropic composites in terms of their use in the repair of aircraft airframes. The objects of the tests were three types of composites reinforced with carbon fibers: produced using the wet method with a thickness of 2.5 mm, commercial with a thickness of 2 mm and commercial with a thickness of 7.3 mm. Specimens cut out from the first two types of materials were subjected to a static tensile test with a force applied in the direction of the fibers and at an angle of 45°, which enabled the determination of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Specimens made of 7.3 mm thick composite were subjected to four-point bending and tensile tests to determine Young's modulus, compression and impact strength, also taking into account two directions of load application. The values of stresses and Young's modulus determined in this way indicate much lower strength and stiffness of orthotropic composites apart from the reinforcement fibers’ directions, which is the basis for replacing them with quasi-isotropic composites in repairs of aircraft airframes.
Problems of forecasting the length of the assembly cycle of complex products realized in the MTO (make-to-order) model
Authors:   Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, Lublin, Poland, Brzozowska Jolanta , Gola Arkadiusz , Kulisz Monika
Published: October 2023

This article presents the problem of forecasting the length of machine assembly cycles in make-to-order production (Make-to-Order). The model of Make-to-Order production and the technological process of manufacturing the finished product are presented. The possibility of developing a novel method, using artificial intelligence solutions, to estimate machine assembly times based on historical company data on manufacturing times for structurally similar components, is described. It is assumed that the result of the developed method will be an intelligent system supporting efficient and accurate estimation of machine assembly time, ready for implementation in production conditions. Such data as part availability, human resource availability and novelty factor will be used as input data for learning the neural network, while the output variable during learning the neural network will be the actual machine assembly time.
Use of augmented reality for small parts assisted assembly
Authors: Husár Jozef , Hrehova Stella , Knapčíková Lucia
Published: October 2023

The use of augmented reality (AR) for assisted assembly of small parts remains a current and dynamically developing issue in industry and the technology sector. Because AR technologies and related applications are constantly advancing, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to this topic. This article provides a simplified view of software application design and architecture. We are focusing on a 45mm x 45mm x 42mm component consisting of 42 parts. In the article, we gradually show how to properly create an application with a main, and working environment in which we can create animations from a database of 3D models. In the end, we performed a product assembly test with and without the use of the AR application, for one piece and a production batch. In conclusion, we can state that the applications have an impact on the training of the workforce and the ways through which new workers are prepared to work in an industrial environment. Improved education and training programs based on AR can help integrate new workers into production processes faster and more efficiently. Considering these perspectives and the dynamics of the AR technologies development, our article raises awareness of current trends and innovations in this field, as it can have a significant impact on the efficiency and competitiveness of various industries.
A Retrospective Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Dahal Abednego Samuel , Cosmas Nanma Tongnan , Okolo Mark Ojogba
Published: October 2023

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in developing countries. The GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (MTB/RIF) assay is a new test in many communities in Nigeria that is revolutionizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis control by contributing to the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance at North-Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NCTBRL) in Jos, North-Central Nigeria.

Study Design: Retrospective examination of hospital records.

Place and Duration of Study: North-Central Tuberculosis Research Laboratory (NCTBRL) Jos, North-Central Nigeria between January and December 2019.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study of archival records of 2719 patients screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. The samples comprised of sputum, ascitic fluid, gastric lavage, pleural fluid, abscesses, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, pericardial fluid and synovial fluid, from patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software.

Results: Overall, 212(7.8%) of the total samples received were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) accounting for the majority of the cases. Male patients accounted for 59.9% of the cases compared to 40.1% in females. The infection was more among the age group 15-47 years and less common among the 0-14 age group. Rifampicin resistance MTB was detected in 2.3% of the cases, while 90.6% and 7.1% were sensitive and indeterminate to rifampicin respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was 7.8% with rifampicin-resistant of 2.3%. Appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and effective surveillance of MTB infections could reduce the incidences of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis among the study population.
Source-Sink Relationsionship Studies in Multicapsule Genotypes of Sesame
Authors: Rajkumar B. , Ramya K. T. , Eswari K. B. , Pasala Ratna Kumar
Published: October 2023

A study was conducted to determine the source and sink relationship in multicapsule genotypes of sesame.  Thirty-six multicapsule genotypes along with two single capsule genotypes as checks were used in this study. Data on source characters such as number of leaf axils, leaf area, SPAD chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, plant height, stem girth was recorded at capsule formation stage. Similarly, data on sink related characters such as number of flowers per axil, number of capsules per axil, capsule length, breadth, seed weight, seed yield per plant, and oil content were recorded.  There were 1 to 3 capsules per axil, genotypes, SC-500-1, PI-154298, JCS-1020, exhibited 3 capsules at every axil.  The results indicated the source characters such as number of leaf axils per plant was significantly positively correlated with seed yield per plant, leaf area was significantly positively correlated with number of flowers per main stem, total capsule number per main stem and seed weight of the right capsule in the bunch of the capsules. SPAD chlorophyll was positively associated with, number of flowers per axil, number of capsules per axil and seed yield per plant. Photosynthetic rate was significantly associated with total number of capsules per main stem of the plant, oil content and test weight. There were 7 principal components which explained 80 of the variation presents in the genotypes. Characters such as number of flowers per axil, number of leaf axils per plant, number of capsules per axil in the main stem and capsule length, weight, seed weight of left and right capsules contributed for the variation. Variation in these characters distributed the genotypes across the axis in the PCA biplot. Genotypes such as SC-500, PI-154298 exhibited high capsules number per plant, capsules per axil, capsule length and capsule seed weight. This study indicated that the genotypes showing more than 1 capsules per axil have high leaf area, stem girth. These genotypes are potential source for utilization in yield improvement programmes.
A Review of Millet Grain Phenolics, their Health Promotion and Disease Risk Reduction
Authors: Verma Rajesh Chandra , Jitendrakumar Patel Harsh , Ashoka P.  , Shekhar Shashank , Pal Apurba , Mondal Kabita , Panotra Narinder , Singh Bal Veer
Published: October 2023

Millet, an often-overlooked cereal grain, has recently garnered attention due to its rich store of health-promoting phenolic compounds. This comprehensive review delves into the myriad facets of millet phenolics, from their extraction and analysis to their implications for health and disease risk reduction. The varied methodologies for phenolic extraction, including solvent, enzymatic, and ultrasound-assisted techniques, have their own merits and limitations. Advanced analytical tools such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry have enabled the identification of specific phenolic compounds in different millet varieties. These phenolics have shown potential in promoting health through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, anti-cancer, digestive, and neuroprotective effects. Mechanistic studies have illuminated their role in modulating signaling pathways, interacting with enzymes and receptors, and altering gene expression. Notably, the consumption of millet phenolics has been linked with reduced disease risks, supported by epidemiological studies and clinical trials. However, the phenolic content in millets can be influenced by various factors such as agricultural practices, post-harvest processing, and cooking methods. As we gaze into the future, there are challenges to address, especially concerning the bioavailability of millet phenolics. Efforts towards genetic modification and breeding to enhance phenolic content, along with their incorporation into functional foods and nutraceuticals, promise novel avenues for research and application. In summary, this review underscores the untapped potential of millet phenolics in promoting human health, urging further exploration and integration into the modern diet for holistic well-being.
Carbon Microspheres with Cr(VI) Adsorption Performance were Prepared by In-situ Hydrothermal Carbonization Method
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Wu Xinzhuo , Li Mei , Xu Yuhan , Yuan Zihao , Li Zhao , Li Jing
Published: October 2023

Biochar material is a renewable adsorbent widely used for treating contaminated wastewater. The hydrothermal carbon (HTC) were prepared from low polymeric sugars and low concentration glucose under hydrothermal carbonization reactions without using dispersants. The composition and structure of the biochar produced were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and N2 adsorption-desorption, indicating that amorphous graphitic carbon was obtained. Experimental results from the static adsorption of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater showed that HTCP-2 exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for Cr(VI), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 22.62 mg.g−1.The adsorption Cr(VI), MB, and RhB by the synthesized biochar all conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm, suggesting a multilayer chemical adsorption process. Additionally, the synthesized HTC surface is enriched with a significant amount of oxygen-rich functional groups, which also has good adsorption performance for cationic dyes. Furthermore, the test results of fluorescence, photocurrent, and impedance indicate that HTCP-2 possesses the ability to generate and separate photoinduced charge carriers. This implied that HTCP-2 can be used for the preparation of adsorption photocatalysts, which effectively remove environmental pollutants through the synergistic effect of adsorption-photocatalysis. This study provides a research foundation for advancing water treatment technologies. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Evolutionary, structural and functional insights in nuclear organisation and nucleocytoplasmic transport in trypanosomes
Authors: Padilla‐Mejia Norma E. , Field Mark C.
Published: October 2023

One of the remarkable features of eukaryotes is the nucleus, delimited by the nuclear envelope (NE), a complex structure and home to the nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complex (NPC). For decades, these structures were believed to be mainly architectural elements and, in the case of the NPC, simply facilitating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. More recently, the critical roles of the lamina, NPC and other NE constituents in genome organisation, maintaining chromosomal domains and regulating gene expression have been recognised. Importantly, mutations in genes encoding lamina and NPC components lead to pathogenesis in humans, while pathogenic protozoa disrupt the progression of normal development and expression of pathogenesis‐related genes. Here, we review features of the lamina and NPC across eukaryotes and discuss how these elements are structured in trypanosomes, protozoa of high medical and veterinary importance, highlighting lineage‐specific and conserved aspects of nuclear organisation.
Design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace (1954), Hiroshima, by Togo Murano (Part 2): Formal manipulations observed in the design of Xavier Hall (1949)
Authors: Tomioka Yoshito , Tabata Chikako
Published: October 2023

Xavier Hall, a timber structure designed as an auditorium, and believers' hall by Togo Murano Architect Office, were partially completed in 1949 on the property of Nobori‐cho Catholic Church in Hiroshima, widely known as the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace. The building is important to understand the design process of the cathedral because it had a fundamental influence on the planning of the religious complex as a whole. For this paper, based on a chronological analysis of sketches and drawings relevant to the building, morphological analysis was performed through three problem‐solving studies to reveal the architect's design thinking and strategy.
Selective Nitridation of Ceramic Open Cell Foams for Efficient Photothermal Heating
Authors: Oyedepo Olapeju Grace , Rezwan Kurosch , Maas Michael
Published: October 2023

This study presents the synthesis of ceramic open cell foams as a new platform for photothermal energy conversion based on the inert structural ceramic alumina and the plasmonic transition metal nitride TiN. TiO2precursor grains inside the mixed ceramic matrix are converted to TiN via the molten salt synthesis route. Photothermal measurements using an 850 nm LED as a light source show that the ceramic foams with only ≈5% TiN in the alumina matrix showed a 34% increased efficiency in converting light to heat compared to flat ceramic discs of the same composition. The TiN content in the flat discs does not affect the heat conversion efficiency, indicating that the available surface area and the material's ability to trap and direct light to the plasmonic nanostructures are the most important parameters for its photothermal activity. These results show the feasibility of synthesizing mixed ceramics based on inert materials like alumina and transition metal nitrides. Applications in solar heating, water evaporation, and related use cases of photothermal energy conversion can be realized with improved performance over 2D materials. Particularly processes that are based on continuous flow like solar thermal heating or photothermal catalysis will benefit from this new material platform.
Marching Toward Long‐Wavelength Narrowband Emissive Multi‐Resonance Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Keerthika P. , Konidena Rajendra Kumar
Published: October 2023

Over the past decade, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered tremendous impetus because of their ability to harvest 100% excitons for the light emission in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, despite their superior external quantum efficiencies (> 35%), the broad emission spectra with associated full‐width‐at‐half maximum (FWHM > 70 nm) present a limiting factor that must be solved. Recently, multiple‐resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) materials based on the heteroatom doped polyaromatic hydrocarbons have gained astonishing attention owing to their remarkable narrowband emission (FWHM < 30 nm). However, emission of the majority of reported MR‐TADF emitters falls in the blue/green region, which inevitably jeopardizes their application in full‐color OLEDs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the new molecular designs for expanding the color‐gamut of MR‐TADF emitters, i.e., λem > 550 nm without compromising the narrowband emission. To the best of current knowledge, no detailed reviews focusing on the different design strategies for producing long‐wavelength (> 550 nm) MR‐TADF emitters have been reported to date. To this end, a review highlighting the recent design advances for constructing long‐wavelength MR‐TADF emitters is presented, and their photophysics and OLED performance is discussed. Finally, the current status and future prospects of long‐wavelength MR‐TADF materials are discussed.
Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy: The Potential of mRNA Vaccines As a Promising Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Goyal Falak , Chattopadhyay Anandini , Navik Umashanker , Jain Aklank , Reddy P. Hemachandra , Bhatti Gurjit Kaur , Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
Published: October 2023

mRNA vaccines have long been recognized for their ability to induce robust immune responses. The discovery that mRNA vaccines may also contribute to antitumor immunity has made them a promising therapeutic approach against cancer. Recent advances in understanding of immune system are precious in developing therapeutic strategies that target pathways involved in tumor survival and progression, leading to the most reliable therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment history. Among all traditional cancer treatments, cancer immunotherapies are less toxic and more effective, even in advanced or recurrent stages of cancer. Recent advancements in genomics and machine learning algorithms give new insight into vaccine development. mRNA vaccines are designed to interfere with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes pathways, activating more CD8+ T‐cells involved in destroying tumor cells and inhibiting tumor growth. A stronger immune response can be achieved by incorporating immunological adjuvants alongside mRNA. Nonformulated or vehicle‐based mRNA vaccines, when combined with adjuvants, efficiently express tumor antigens through antigen‐presenting cells and stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Codelivery with additional immunotherapeutic agents, such as checkpoint inhibitors, further enhances the efficacy of mRNA vaccines. This article focuses on the current clinical approaches and challenges to consider when developing mRNA‐based vaccine technology for cancer treatment.
Regional Tau Deposition Reflects Different Pathways of Subsequent Neurodegeneration and Memory Decline in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Authors: Chen Xi , Toueg Tyler N. , Harrison Theresa M. , Baker Suzanne L. , Jagust William J.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Tau pathology is recognized as a primary contributor to neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims to localize the early tau pathology in cognitively normal older people that is predictive of subsequent neurodegeneration and memory decline, and delineate factors underlying tau‐related memory decline in individuals with and without β‐amyloid (Aβ).

Methods

A total of 138 cognitively normal older individuals from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study underwent 11C‐Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) to determine Aβ positivity and 18F‐Flortaucipir (FTP) PET to measure tau deposition, with prospective cognitive assessments and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise FTP analyses examined associations between baseline tau deposition and longitudinal memory decline, longitudinal hippocampal atrophy, and longitudinal cortical thinning in AD signature regions. We also examined whether hippocampal atrophy and cortical thinning mediate tau effects on future memory decline.

Results

We found Aβ‐dependent tau associations with memory decline in the entorhinal and temporoparietal regions, Aβ‐independent tau associations with hippocampal atrophy within the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and that widespread tau was associated with mean cortical thinning in AD signature regions. Tau‐related memory decline was mediated by hippocampal atrophy in Aβ‐ individuals and by mean cortical thinning in Aβ+ individuals.

Interpretation

Our results suggest that tau may affect memory through different mechanisms in normal aging and AD. Early tau deposition independent of Aβ predicts subsequent hippocampal atrophy that may lead to memory deficits in normal older individuals, whereas elevated cortical tau deposition is associated with cortical thinning that may lead to more severe memory decline in AD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:249–259
Influence of annealing‐induced phase separation on the shape memory effect of graphene‐based thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Valim Fernanda Cabrera Flores , Oliveira Gustavo Peixoto , de Paiva Lucilene Betega , Amurin Leice Gonçalves , Santillo Chiara , Lavorgna Marino , Andrade Ricardo Jorge Espanhol
Published: October 2023

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a multiblock copolymer that exhibits an attractive shape memory effect (SME). Its morphology consists of a soft segment (SS), which corresponds to the polyol or a long‐chain diol, while the hard segment involves the intercalation of a diisocyanate and a chain extender. Due to the distinct thermodynamic parameters of each monomer, these segments are not miscible with each other, resulting in a phase‐separated structure in their morphology. This structure is characterized by the formation of soft and hard domains (SD and HD), respectively. When incorporating 0.1 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) or 0.1 wt% of multilayer graphene oxide (mGO) into the TPU matrix using solution casting process, a contribution to the phase separation of these domains is observed. This phenomenon becomes even more pronounced when graphene‐based nanocomposites are subjected to annealing at 110°C for 24 hours, indicating a good interaction between the GO and GNP with the HD and SS, respectively. After annealing, the nanocomposites (TPU + GNP and TPU + mGO) exhibit improved performance in SME, as evidenced by an approximately 9% increase in the shape recovery ratio compared to the nonannealed TPU. Additionally, all nanocomposites maintained a high strain during SME programming, surpassing that of pure TPU, both before and after annealing. This suggests a direct influence of the graphene‐based nanoparticles on the shape memory effect.
Reaction Induced Conformational Change in Polyindole: Polyindole/PVA Film as Biomimetic Sensors of Temperature and Electrical Energetic Conditions
Authors: Rajan Lijin , Shabeeba Aranhikundan , Sidheekha Madari Palliyalil , Ismail Yahya A.
Published: October 2023

Conducting polymers can mimic the sensing characteristics of biological muscles through utilizing their unique electrochemical reactions. As these reactions occur, alterations in composition prompt changes in biomimetic properties, such as shifts in volume, brought about by the insertion of anions and solvent molecules, resulting in conformational movements. Similar to biological muscles, these electrochemical reaction senses the working variables affecting the reaction rate, through the same two connecting wires. The influence of working temperature and electrical energetic condition on the conformational movements of polyindole manifested as the cooperative actuation of the polymer chain is verified here using a polyindole‐coated polyvinyl alcohol (PIN/PVA) film. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies revealed that the extent of reaction of polyindole varies linearly with temperature and scan rate. The logarithmic dependence of redox charge obtained from coulovoltammogram with inverse of temperature further proved the temperature sensing characteristics and the influence of temperature on the cooperative actuation of the film. The conformational relaxation increases as the temperature increases through hosting higher number of counter anions with the solvent molecule. The extension of the redox reaction was found to decrease as the scan rate increases. The double logarithmic relation between the consumed redox charge and the scan rate has proved that the electrical energetic condition can influence the conformational movement in a reversible manner. It is also verified from Chronopotentiometric (CP) studies that the consumed electrical energy during the reaction varies linearly with the change in temperature. The results suggest that the PIN/PVA film can act as a biomimetic macro molecular sensor of working temperature and electrical energetic condition as biological muscles do.
Facile and Efficient Production of Biomass‐Derived Isosorbide Dioxides via Epoxidation Using In situ‐generated DMDO under Ultrasonication
Authors: Hong Seungmin , Kim Kyung‐An , Ryu Yeonkyeong , Lee Wonjoo , Kim Younghoon , Cha Hyun Gil
Published: October 2023

Herein, we present a facile synthetic process for producing biomass‐derived isosorbide (ISB) dioxides using dimethyl dioxirane (DMDO) as an efficient oxidizing agent, which was generated in situ from acetone and KHSO5. To achieve high conversion and product yield, the KHSO5 concentration, KHSO5 flow rate, and reaction temperature were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, rapid and efficient epoxidation using the in situ‐generated DMDO was observed under ultrasonication, yielding the desired product within 35 min at 0 °C. This study offers a convenient and efficient method for generating biomass‐derived ISB building blocks, which have significant potential for the fabrication of bioplastics.
Multiplicity adjustments for the Dunnett procedure under heterokcedasticity
Authors: Tamhane Ajit C. , Xi Dong
Published: October 2023

We give a simulation‐based method for computing the multiplicity adjusted p‐values and critical constants for the Dunnett procedure for comparing treatments with a control under heteroskedasticity. The Welch–Satterthwaite test statistics used in this procedure do not have a simple multivariate t‐distribution because their denominators are mixtures of chi‐squares and are correlated because of the common control treatment sample variance present in all denominators. The joint distribution of the denominators of the test statistics is approximated by correlated chi‐square variables and is generated using a novel algorithm proposed in this paper. This approximation is used to derive critical constants or adjusted p‐values. The familywise error rate (FWER) of the proposed method is compared with some existing methods via simulation under different heteroskedastic scenarios. The results show that our proposed method controls the FWER most accurately, whereas other methods are either too conservative or liberal or control the FWER less accurately. The different methods considered are illustrated on a real data set.
Dynamic ultrasound molecular‐targeted imaging of senescence in evaluation of lapatinib resistance in HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Li Ying , Zhou Zhiwei , Zhang Yanqiu , Chang Luchen , Gao Xiujun , Li Qing , Luo Hao , Westover Kenneth D. , Zhu Jialin , Wei Xi
Published: October 2023

Background

Prolonged treatment of HER2+ breast cancer with lapatinib (LAP) causes cellular senescence and acquired drug resistance, which often associating with poor prognosis for patients. We aim to explore the correlation between cellular senescence and LAP resistance in HER2+ breast cancer, screen for molecular marker of reversible senescence, and construct targeted nanobubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging to dynamically evaluate LAP resistance.

Methods and Results

In this study, we established a new cellular model of reversible cellular senescence using LAP and HER2+ breast cancer cells and found that reversible senescence contributed to LAP resistance in HER2+ breast cancer. Then, we identified ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (NT5E) as a marker of reversible senescence in HER2+ breast cancer. Based on this, we constructed NT5E‐targeted nanobubbles (NT5E‐FITC‐NBs) as a new molecular imaging modality which could both target reversible senescent cells and be used for ultrasound imaging. NT5E‐FITC‐NBs showed excellent physical and imaging characteristics. As an ultrasound contrast agent, NT5E‐FITC‐NBs could accurately identify reversible senescent cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that cellular senescence‐based ultrasound‐targeted imaging can identify reversible senescence and evaluate LAP resistance effectively in HER2+ breast cancer cells, which has the potential to improve cancer treatment outcomes by altering therapeutic strategies ahead of aggressive recurrences.