bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaperone-mediated Autophagy Governs Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via PPARγ-SDF1/CXCR4 Signaling
Authors: Zhou Hong , Xie Xin , Chen Ying , Lin Yi , Cai Zhaogen , Ding Li , Wu Yijie , Peng Yongde , Tang Shanshan , Xu Huanbai
Published: June 2020

Context

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), 1 type of autophagy, is thought to promote or suppress cancer development in different cancer types. However, the effect of CMA on PTC development and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Objective

To determine whether CMA plays implied critical roles in the development of PTC.

Design

We investigated the association between CMA and PTC development in PTC tissues and normal thyroid tissues by detecting the key protein of CMA, lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A), using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, which were further validated in the TGCA dataset. The effect of CMA on PTC development was studied by cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays. The underlying mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)/ C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling were clarified by western blotting, quantitative PCR, and rescue experiments. Knockdown and tamoxifen were used to analyze the effect of estrogen receptor (ER) α on CMA.

Results

Our study confirmed that CMA, indicated by LAMP2A expression, was significantly increased in PTC tumor tissues and cell lines, and was associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis of patients. Higher CMA in PTC promoted tumor cell proliferation and migration, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. These effects of CMA on PTC were exerted by decreasing PPARγ protein expression to enhance SDF1 and CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, CMA was found positively regulated by ERα signaling in PTC.

Conclusion

Our investigation identified CMA regulated by ERα promoting PTC tumor progression that enhanced tumor cell proliferation and migration by targeting PPARγ-SDF1/CXCR4 signaling, representing a potential target for treatment of PTC.
Genetic Alterations in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Using a Comprehensive Childhood Cancer Gene Panel
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S , Alswailem Meshael , Alswailem Anwar Ali , Al-Hindi Hindi , Goljan Ewa , Alsudairy Nourah , Abouelhoda Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Context

Pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) differs from adult DTC in its underlying genetics and clinicopathological features. In this report, we studied these aspects in 48 cases of pediatric DTC.

Patients and Methods

We used the comprehensive Oncomine Childhood Cancer Gene panel on Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing platform. We included 48 patients (37 girls and 11 boys) with pediatric DTC (median age 17 years; range, 5-18 years) and studied the association between these genetic alterations and the clinicopathological features and outcome.

Results

Of 48 tumors, 33 (69%) had somatic genetic alterations that were mutually exclusive except in one tumor. BRAFV600E and RET-PTC1 were the most common, occurring in 9 different tumors (19%) each. RET-PTC3 and ETV6-NTRK3 were the next most common, with each occurring in 4 different tumors (8%). Other genetic alterations including EML4-NTRK1, EML4-ALK, NRAS, KRAS, PTEN, and CREBBP occurred once each. There were no differences between those who had mutations and those without mutations with respect to age, sex, tumor multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, lymph node or distant metastasis, and American Thyroid Association response to therapy status at the last follow-up visits. Similarly, none of these factors was different between those with fusion genes vs single-point mutations vs no mutations.

Conclusions

In pediatric DTC, fusion genes are more common than single-point mutations. The most common genetic alterations are RET-PTC1, BRAFV600E, RET-PTC3, and ETV6-NTRK3. Other alterations occur rarely. Genetic alterations do not correlate with the clinicopathological features or the outcome.
Metabolic Effect of Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting with Stair Climbing Exercise Snacks
Authors: RAFIEI HOSSEIN , OMIDIAN KOSAR , MYETTE-CÔTÉ ÉTIENNE , LITTLE JONATHAN PETER
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Prolonged sitting is associated with cardiometabolic complications. The study purpose was to investigate whether breaking up prolonged sitting with brief stair climbing exercise “snacks” could lower postprandial insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids responses.

Methods

In two separate randomized crossover studies, 12 young healthy-weight men (study 1) and 11 adults with overweight/obesity (OW; study 2) completed two experimental conditions: i) sedentary (SED; 9-h sitting) and ii) stair climbing snacks (SS; 8 × 15–30 s once per hour). The same high-glycemic index meals were consumed at 0, 3, and 6 h at each condition. The primary outcome was total insulin area under the curve (AUC) across 9 h.

Results

In healthy-weight men, there were no significant differences between SS and SED for total (9-h) insulin AUC (P = 0.24, d = 0.4), total glucose AUC (P = 0.17, d = 0.48), total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) AUC (P = 0.22, d = 0.4), or total triglyceride AUC (P = 0.72). In adults with OW, total insulin AUC (−16.5%, P = 0.036, d = 0.94) and total NEFA AUC (−21%, P = 0.016, d = 1.2) were significantly lower in SS versus SED. No differences were found for total glucose and triglyceride AUC (all, P > 0.31) in participants with OW.

Conclusions

Breaking up 9 h of prolonged sitting with hourly brief stair climbing exercise snacks lowered postprandial insulin and NEFA levels in adults with overweight/obesity.
What problems make students struggle during their undergraduate medical education? A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Aziz Anbreen , Mahboob Usman , Sethi Ahsan
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore problems faced by struggling undergraduate medical students and their impact on student’s academics.

Methods: A qualitative case study was carried out from March to August 2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of sixteen struggling students. The interview questions were validated and then piloted to ensure clarity. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Due to sensitive nature of the data, confidentiality and anonymity was ensured. Thematic analysis was employed to get meaning with in the data set. All authors ensured analytical triangulation by independently analyzing the data before developing consensus on the codes and themes.

Results: Eleven sub-themes under four major themes emerged from the transcripts. Participants were found to be struggling with emotional, academics and family related problems. Psychological distress was caused by factors such as fight with friends, one-sided love, and hard financial times. Time management, lack of attention and commitments at home were few of the other problems. Problems had an impact on students as they were demotivated, lost focus in their studies, could not perform good and few participants even failed in examinations.

Conclusions: Students were struggling more with emotional and family related problems and less with academics related problems. They were impacting student’s academics. The study site had a robust mentoring program however, struggling students need timely identification and more dedicated time to help them manage their problems. Stress relieving activities and counselling sessions may frequently be added, and academically underachieved students should also be given extra care, support, and guidance.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2267

How to cite this:Aziz A, Mahboob U, Sethi A. What problems make students struggle during their undergraduate medical education? A qualitative exploratory study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1020-1024. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2267

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transient contrast induced neurotoxicity after coronary angiography: A contrast re-challenge case
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Athar , Al Habsi Marwa Salim , Nadar Sunil Kumar , Shaikh Muhammad Mujtaba , BaOmar Hafidh Aqeel
Published: June 2020

Contrast induced neurotoxicity (CIN) is a rare complication of cardiac catheterization and re-exposure to contrast medium carries the risk of recurrent CIN. We report a case of successful contrast re-challenge in a 60-year-old female patient who developed CIN after her first procedure of coronary angiography (CAG) which resulted in symptoms of disorientation, amnesia and cortical blindness. A non-contrast enhanced CT performed four hours after the CAG was normal, however, her MRI brain scan showed scattered tiny hyper intensities in posterior occipito-temporal and parietal regions suggesting CIN. Patient’s symptoms resolved completely after 72 hours. Two months later, because of persistent exertional angina, patient was successfully re-challenged with lesser amount of contrast medium with administration of hydrocortisone prior to procedure, and PCI to LAD was completed without recurrence of CIN.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2688

How to cite this:Sadiq MA, Al Habsi MS, Nadar SK, Shaikh MM, BaOmar HA. Transient contrast induced neurotoxicity after coronary angiography: A contrast re-challenge case. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1140-1142. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2688

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dimorfismo Sexual de Onchoscelis germari (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Barreto Marliton Rocha , Rosado-Neto Germano Henrique
Published: June 2020

Onchoscelis germari (Boheman) é uma espécie de gorgulho associada com Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae), popularmente conhecida como “caixeta”. Sessenta e três exemplares adultos foram coletados e examinados em laboratório para determinação do dimorfismo sexual. As seguintes diferenças morfológicas foram observadas e ilustradas: 1) rostro, nos machos, mais rugoso, com pontuação maior e mais densa, tricarenado dorsalmente nos 2/3 basais, e revestido por cerdas eretas semelhantes a escamas e que se estendem até perto do meio; rostro, na fêmea, mais liso, com pontuação fina e mais esparsa, apenas a carena mediana distinta, e com revestimento denso mais concentrado na base; 2) inserção da antena, nos machos, mais próxima do ápice; e nas fêmeas mais ou menos no meio do rostro; 3) sulco esternal, nos machos, mais raso e com suas margens laterais apenas indicadas ou ausentes no prosterno; nas fêmeas o sulco é mais profundo e as margens laterais mais acentuadas no prosterno; 4) último tergito abdominal visível e distinto nos machos, enquanto que nas fêmeas é encoberto pelo penúltimo tergito.

Sexual Dimorphism in Onchoscelis germari (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract. Onchoscelis germari (Boheman) is a weevil species associated with Simarouba amara Aubl (Simaroubaceae), commonly named “caixeta”. Sixty three specimens were collected and observed in laboratory for sexual dimorphism differences. The following morphological aspects were observed and illustrated: 1) rostrum of males more rough, coarse and with more dense punctures, tricarinate at the basal 2/3, and covered with erect scales from its base to near middle; rostrum of females smoother, with fine and sparse punctures, only the median longitudinal distinct, and only the base covered by erect scales; 2) males with antenna inserted near the apex of rostrum; and near the middle in females; 3) sternal channel of males flatter, with its lateral margins only indicated or absent in the prosternum; the sternal channel of the females deeper, with its lateral margins more prominent; 4) the eighth abdominal tergite of males visible and distinct; while in the females covered by the seventh abdominal tergite.
Avaliação da produtividade dos criadouros do Aedes aegypti (L.) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) através dos dados da vigilância em Parati – RJ.
Authors: Wermelinger Eduardo Dias , Almeida Adilson Benedito , Benigno Ciro Villanova , Ferreira Aldo Pacheco
Published: June 2020

Esse estudo avaliou a produtividade dos criadouros de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) no município de Parati através dos dados da vigilância entomológica obtidos pelos métodos preconizados pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue (PNCD). O maior número de pupas de A. aegypti foi coletado nos ralos (31%), garrafas e latas (23%); e com A. albopictus o maior número foi nas garrafas, latas (24%) e vasos de planta (21%). Do total de pupas obtidas, 84,3% e 79,3% das pupas de A. aegypti e A. albopictus respectivamente foram coletadas em pequenos reservatórios: garrafas, vasos de plantas, pneus, bromélias, oco de árvores e ralos. Essas produtividades contradizem a literatura e podem ser explicadas pelas limitações de acesso aos grandes reservatórios e falha na capacitação dos agentes. Esse estudo chama atenção para a importância que os pequenos reservatórios podem ter na densidade do vetor no meio urbano nacional e conclui que a metodologia de vigilância entomológica usada tem sido ineficaz para identificar os grandes e mais produtivos criadouros. Essa conclusão sugere que essa ineficácia pode ser um fator importante pelos insucessos no combate a dengue no Brasil.

Evaluation of Breeding Productivity from Surveillance Data for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Parati, RJ, Brazil

Abstract. This study evaluated the pupa-productivity of the entomologic surveillance according methodology used by the official Program for Dengue Control in Brazil (PDCB) for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Parati, RJ, Brazil. The highest number of A. aegypti pupae were found in drains (31%), bottles and cans (23%); and the highest number of A. albopictus pupae were found in bottles and cans (24%), and plant vases (21%). Of the total pupae identified 84.3% and 79.3% of A. aegypti and A. albopictus respectively were collected in small receptacles: bottles, plants vase, tires, bromeliads and tree holes. These productivities are not supported by literature and can be explained by the restrictions of access for the bigger receptacles and lack of training of the agents. The study points out the importance which the small receptacles can have on vector densities in urban environment despite of their productivity and conclude that the entomology surveillance methodology for dengue used in PDCB has no efficacy to identify the bigger and more productive receptacles. This conclusion suggests that this inefficacy can be an important factor for the failures on dengue vector control in Brazil.
Quantum Entanglement: Spooky Action at a Distance
Authors: Gudder Stan
Published: June 2020

Quantum entanglement is an important resource in quantum information technologies. Here, we study and characterize in a precise mathematical language some of the weird and nonintuitive features of quantum entanglement. We begin by illustrating why entanglement implies action at a distance. We then introduce a simple criterion for determining when a pure quantum state is entangled. Finally, we present a measure for the amount of entanglement for a pure state.Quanta 2020; 9: 1–6.
The Last Mile Matters: Impact of Dockless Bike Sharing on Subway Housing Price Premium
Authors: Chu Junhong , Duan Yige , Yang Xianling , Wang Li
Published: June 2020

Dockless bike sharing provides a convenient and affordable means of transport for urban residents. It solves the “last-mile problem” in public transport by reducing the travel cost between home and subway stations and thus increasing the attractiveness of distant apartments. This may affect the relationship between housing price and distance to subway and reduce the price premium enjoyed by proximate apartments. Using resale apartment data in 10 major cities in China, a difference-in-differences approach at the apartment level, and a two-step estimator at the city-month level, we find that the entry of bike sharing reduces the housing price premium by 29% per km away from a subway station. The effect is equivalent to a reduction of 1,893–2,127 CNY (282–317 USD) in commuting costs per household per annum over 30 years. The effect is driven by a relative increase in the listing price of, and in the demand for, apartments distant from vis-à-vis proximate to subway stations.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
On the Scenario-Tree Optimal-Value Error for Stochastic Programming Problems
Authors: Keutchayan Julien , Munger David , Gendreau Michel
Published: June 2020

Stochastic programming problems generally lead to large-scale programs if the number of random outcomes is large or if the problem has many stages. A way to tackle them is provided by scenario-tree generation methods, which construct approximate problems from a reduced subset of outcomes. However, it is well known that the number of scenarios required to keep the approximation error within a given tolerance grows rapidly with the number of random parameters and stages. For this reason, to limit the fast growth of complexity, scenario-tree generation methods tailored to problems must be developed. These will use more information about the problem than just the underlying probability distributions; namely, they will also take into account the objective function and the constraints. In this paper, we develop a general framework to build problem-driven scenario trees. We do so by studying how the optimal-value error arises as a sum of lower-level errors made at each node of the tree. We show how these small but numerous node errors depend on the specific features of the problem and how they can be controlled by designing scenario trees with appropriate branching structures and discretization points and weights. We illustrate our approach on two examples.
Anti-fibrotic effects of the antihistamine ketotifen in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis
Authors: Tibbo Meagan E , Limberg Afton K , Salib Christopher G , Turner Travis W , McLaury Alex R , Jay Anthony G , Bettencourt Jacob W , Carter Jodi M , Bolon Brad , Berry Daniel J , Morrey Mark E , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , van Wijnen Andre J , Abdel Matthew P
Published: June 2020

Aims

Arthrofibrosis is a relatively common complication after joint injuries and surgery, particularly in the knee. The present study used a previously described and validated rabbit model to assess the biomechanical, histopathological, and molecular effects of the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen on surgically induced knee joint contractures in female rabbits.

Methods

A group of 12 skeletally mature rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. One group received subcutaneous (SQ) saline, and a second group received SQ ketotifen injections. Biomechanical data were collected at eight, ten, 16, and 24 weeks. At the time of necropsy, posterior capsule tissue was collected for histopathological and gene expression analyses (messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein).

Results

At the 24-week timepoint, there was a statistically significant increase in passive extension among rabbits treated with ketotifen compared to those treated with saline (p = 0.03). However, no difference in capsular stiffness was detected. Histopathological data failed to demonstrate a decrease in the density of fibrous tissue or a decrease in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining with ketotifen treatment. In contrast, tryptase and α-SMA protein expression in the ketotifen group were decreased when compared to saline controls (p = 0.007 and p = 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in α-SMA (ACTA2) gene expression in the ketotifen group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Collectively, these data suggest that ketotifen mitigates the severity of contracture formation in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(6):302–310.
Decellularized porcine xenograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hexter Adam T. , Hing Karin A. , Haddad Fares S. , Blunn Gordon
Published: June 2020

Aims

To evaluate graft healing of decellularized porcine superflexor tendon (pSFT) xenograft in an ovine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model using two femoral fixation devices. Also, to determine if pSFT allows functional recovery of gait as compared with the preoperative measurements.

Methods

A total of 12 sheep underwent unilateral single-bundle ACL reconstruction using pSFT. Two femoral fixation devices were investigated: Group 1 (n = 6) used cortical suspensory fixation (Endobutton CL) and Group 2 (n = 6) used cross-pin fixation (Stratis ST). A soft screw was used for tibial fixation. Functional recovery was quantified using force plate analysis at weeks 5, 8, and 11. The sheep were euthanized after 12 weeks and comprehensive histological analysis characterized graft healing at the graft-bone interface and the intra-articular graft (ligamentization).

Results

The pSFT remodelled into a ligament-like structure and no adverse inflammatory reaction was seen. The ground reaction force in the operated leg of the Endobutton group was higher at 11 weeks (p < 0.05). An indirect insertion was seen at the graft-bone interface characterized by Sharpey-like fibres. Qualitative differences in tendon remodelling were seen between the two groups, with greater crimp-like organization and more aligned collagen fibres seen with Endobutton fixation. One graft rupture occurred in the cross-pin group, which histologically showed low collagen organization.

Conclusion

Decellularized pSFT xenograft remodels into a ligament-like structure after 12 weeks and regenerates an indirect-type insertion with Sharpey-like fibres. No adverse inflammatory reaction was observed. Cortical suspensory femoral fixation was associated with more enhanced graft remodelling and earlier functional recovery when compared with the stiffer cross-pin fixation.
Employment of Fizeau fringe disintegration to magnify small phase variations
Authors: Wahba Hamdy H. , Ramadan Wael A. , El-Tawargy Ahmed S.
Published: June 2020

When an object produces a small phase variation not less than the minimum phase variation detectable by the used system and more than the system’s noise, the object is considered as a tiny (or small) object. The measurement of interferometric phase differences evolved from a tiny optical phase object has gained attention in recent years due to its usefulness in accurate detection of nanometric dimensions. In the current work, a Fizeau wedge interferometer is used as an aberrationless method to amplify phase variations of a tiny object. The phase object is inserted between the two semi-reflecting/partially transmitting plates making a small wedge angle in between. The fast Fourier transformation (FFT) spectrum of the obtained interferograms is characterized by some frequency equidistant peaks. The number of these peaks is related to the number of the interfered rays and each peak represents a set of two-beam interferences. We applied a mask to select one of these peaks and reproduced its corresponding optical phase map via employing inverse fast Fourier transformation. The produced map contains the magnified phase variation with a magnification factor equal to 2 times the selected peak’s order. Experimental verification of two different phase object samples to amplify their phase variations with different amplification factors is performed. An integrated magnified phase by the object is calculated to test the validity of the proposed method. It is found that the magnification according to the selection of different FFT peaks is a little bit deviated from the expected magnification factors which is referred to ignoring refraction of the optical rays by the object. In spite of these deviations, good results are obtained.
Airy-beam tomographic microscopy
Authors: Wang Jian , Hua Xuanwen , Guo Changliang , Liu Wenhao , Jia Shu
Published: June 2020

We introduce Airy-beam tomographic microscopy (ATM) for high-resolution, volumetric, inertia-free imaging of biological specimens. The work exploits the highly adjustable Airy trajectories in the 3D space, transforming the conventional telecentric wide-field imaging scheme that requires sample or focal-plane scanning to acquire 3D information. The results present a consistent near-diffraction-limited 3D resolution across a tenfold extended imaging depth compared to wide-field microscopy. We anticipate the strategy to not only offer a promising paradigm for 3D optical microscopy, but also be translated to other non-optical waveforms.
Electromagnetic scattering from radially inhomogeneous cylindrical structures using the state space method
Authors: Vaseghi Noushin , Abrishamian Mohammad Sadegh
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the state space method is developed for analysis of the scattering of radially inhomogeneous cylindrical structures. The developed technique is based on obtaining and using the state transition matrix of cylindrical layers. The most valuable and interesting property of the presented method is its systematic approach, allowing one to easily apply this method to any types of cylindrical inhomogeneous media and simply implement it in a programming language supporting matrix manipulations. The validity of the presented method as well as the correctness of the formulation is achieved by providing some numerical examples and comparing the obtained results with the results of previously published works.
Thievery or giving back? The challenges and potentials of using theatre to disseminate ethnomusicological research
Authors: Giroux Monique
Published: June 2020

In 2004, ethnomusicologist Anne Lederman premieredSpirit of the Narrows, an ethnodrama based on her research in Ojibwe and Métis communities in Manitoba, Canada. Told from the point of view of the researcher, the play – mixing narrative with live fiddling – provides a compelling glimpse into the music tradition of these communities. It is also a fascinating example of ethnomusicological research translated for a non-academic audience. UsingSpirit of the Narrowsas a case study, this essay considers the challenges and potentials of bringing ethnodrama to ethnomusicology, or alternatively, ethnomusicology to ethnodrama. I argue that, if done with an eye to ethical relationships, ethnodrama can provide a dynamic means of disseminating music research. More importantly, it can engage communities in research and dissemination, in a sense, giving back that which was taken through research.
Film education pedagogy in Nigeria: A nation-specific approach to a non-Western university curriculum
Authors: Akande Lani
Published: June 2020

Examining the pedagogy of Nigeria’s post-secondary film studies, this paper joins the call against the universalization of film studies practices under a Westernized umbrella. To make that argument, it implicates issues of (neo)colonialism and indigenous knowledge-making processes in the analysis of Nigeria’s film studies, taking into account the close relationship between Nigeria’s film education and the local film industry, Nollywood. Calling on criticisms advocating for alternative ways for engaging with the practice of film studies (Irobi, 2014; Chambers, 2018; Redfern, 2014), the paper sets out to help reinforce the definition of the global by its many diverse and constitutive parts.
Triangulating a discussion between film, the viewer and a wider frame of life: Reflections on a life in film education
Authors: Borčić Mirjana
Published: June 2020

In this article, Mirjana Borčić – one of the foremost voices within Slovenian film pedagogy – reflects upon an international life within film education on both a practical and a theoretical level. A particular focus is placed upon the central role of discussion within film education, in shaping and developing the subjective experiences young people have of watching cinema. Finally, some concrete proposals are shared as to how one might best approach a classroom-based discussion with young people, centred around the experience of watching films.
Digitaler Alltag als Experiment
Authors: Zillien Nicole
Published: June 2020

In zahlreichen Alltagsfragen gilt wissenschaftliches Wissen als zentrale Bezugsgröße. Zugleich ist es jedoch oft umstritten und somit eine wenig alltagstaugliche Ressource. Im Rückgriff auf digitale Medien machen einige Laien deshalb ihr Leben zum Labor und stellen so etwa in Gesundheits- oder Umweltfragen sukzessiv ein experimentelles Wissen zur eigenen Alltagsbewältigung her. Diese reflexive Selbstverwissenschaftlichung unterzieht Nicole Zillien auf erkenntnistheoretischer Grundlage am Beispiel der digitalen Selbstvermessung einer empirischen Analyse.
»Schwarze Schwester Angela« - Die DDR und Angela Davis
Authors: Lorenz Sophie
Published: June 2020

Die afroamerikanische Bürgerrechtlerin Angela Davis erlangte in den 1960er Jahren Bekanntheit als Black Power-Ikone und galt als internationale Leitfigur der studentischen Protestbewegungen um 1968. Die Beziehungen zwischen Angela Davis und der DDR sowie die umfangreiche Solidaritätskampagne der DDR für Davis haben dabei jedoch bislang kaum Beachtung gefunden. Sophie Lorenz zeigt, welche Bedeutung Angela Davis in der DDR vor dem Hintergrund des Kalten Krieges zugeschrieben wurde. Sie beleuchtet damit nicht nur Davis` Rolle als Akteurin der Global Sixties neu, sondern erweitert die Historiografie zu Rassismus-Debatten in der BRD um eine ostdeutsche Perspektive.
Making Transformative Geographies
Authors: Schmid Benedikt
Published: June 2020

In the light of social and environmental unsustainability and injustice, the continuing attachment to the idea that a growth-based economy is reconcilable with human prosperity and ecological limits seems increasingly implausible. Tracing and dissecting the complexities of social change, »Making Transformative Geographies« speaks about the development of visions, alternatives, and strategies for a radical transformation beyond accumulation and growth. Covering an empirical sample of 24 eco-social organizations, projects, and groupings in the city of Stuttgart (Germany), the book drills down into the social, spatial, and strategic dimensions of transformation. It advances a conceptually and empirically grounded assessment of the possibilities and limitations of community activism and civic engagement for shifting transformative geographies towards a degrowth trajectory.
Das Maßlose der Spätmoderne
Authors: Zettler Daniel
Published: June 2020

Die Spätmoderne scheint von Ambivalenzen vielfältigster Art durchzogen zu sein. Sie gehen hervor aus maßlosen Strukturphänomenen, die zunehmend die vormals stärker bemessenen auflösen. Neue Subjekt- und Gesellschaftsformationen entstehen und es stellt sich die Frage, welches sozial emanzipatorische Potenzial diese Transformationen bergen und in welcher Gestalt es auftritt. Um ihm nachzuspüren, bezieht Daniel Zettler Psychoanalyse und Sozialwissenschaft relational aufeinander. Damit wird es nicht nur möglich, die Kritische Theorie des Subjekts und die Kritische Theorie der Gesellschaft grundlegend ineinander zu verschränken, sondern beide neu zu denken.
Nationale Hoffnung und konservative Enttäuschung
Authors: Finkbeiner Florian
Published: June 2020

Konservativ, nationalbewusst, rechts - diese Kategorien verschwimmen zusehends, da rechtspopulistische Protagonist*innen eifrig darauf bedacht sind, aus taktischen Erwägungen als eine nicht näher definierte »bürgerliche Mitte« zu erscheinen. Der offenbar immer noch in weiten Teilen der Gesellschaft akzeptierte Begriff des Konservativen wird vielfältig benutzt, um national-chauvinistische Inhalte zu verschleiern. Florian Finkbeiner zeigt mit seiner Untersuchung konservativer Intellektueller im Zuge der deutschen Vereinigung von den 1980er zu den 1990er Jahren exemplarisch auf, wie es hierzu kommen konnte. Mit dieser Begriffsgeschichte des Konservatismus liefert er spannende Einsichten auch für die gegenwärtige politische Lage.
Assessing the Environmental Policy of a Natural Protected Area Using Visitor Opinions. Case Study of Parnassos National Park, Greece
Authors: MARTINIS Aristotelis
Published: June 2020

Protected Areas (PAs) represent attractive destinations for visitors that seek contact with the natural environment, biodiversity, and cultural heritages. To manage PAs holistically (i.e., maintenance, protection, and sustainable development), managers must know the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of visitors. Here, questionnaire responses were used to investigate the profile, environmental perception, knowledge, and behaviour of two categories of visitors in the Parnassos National Park (Greece): summer visitors and winter visitors. Based on the questionnaires, compared to winter respondents (WR), summer respondents (SR) had a higher level of education, environmental knowledge, and environmental awareness. Most visitors (SR and WR combined) stated that they were willing to contribute financially to the protection, conservation of biodiversity, and maintenance of infrastructure in this PA. Based on our results, managers should place focus on attracting more summer visitors when shaping the future environmental policy of this PA. Examples of potential sustainable activities for summer visitors include educational trails, hiking trails, and climbing routes that incorporate the operation of ski lifts (for scenic rides up and walks down), as well as environmental activities drawing on local culture.
Economic and Legal Aspects of Compensation for Environmental Damage
Authors: AFANASIEVA Olga Romanovna , ZARAPINA Lidia Vladimirovna , MUKHLYNINA Maria Mikhailovna , ADAMENKO Alla Petrovna , SHUMAKOV Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2020

The article considers the economic and legal aspects of compensation for environmental damage. The variety of consequences that occur as a result of environmental offenses, the complex structure of environmental damage, and specific objects of environmental legal relations determine the necessity to apply environmental legal, as well as civil, norms to the regulation of relations on compensation for environmental damage. Interaction, convergence, and interpenetration of social relations lead to the strengthening of integration processes of their legal mediation. The necessity of complete dissociation of norms of environmental and civil legislation, especially as regards the regulation of the considered relations, can hardly be accepted. Ecologized norms appear, the inclusion of which in various normative legal acts is connected with the economic development of countries, threat of ecological crisis, complication of public relations, and the necessity to consider the laws of nature.
Legal Issues for Ensuring Phytosanitary Safety and Environmental Protection
Authors: ORYNTAEV Zhambyl , AKSHATAYEVA Zhanna , AIGARINOVA Gulnar , KALKANOVA Zhanna , RASHEVA Gulnur
Published: June 2020

Phytosanitary safety is determined by the possibilities of ensuring food safety, which guarantees the sustainable development of the state and improvement of the quality of life. The specifics of ensuring regulation of phytosanitary safety are the principles of equilibrium regulation and the establishment of a holistic perception of safety parameters on the part of both regulatory bodies and regulatory agencies. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the formation of safety in the field of phytosanitary surveillance is determined not only by directly controlling the quality of plant raw materials, but also by the food products and materials that are subsequently produced from them. The authors have demonstrated aspects of the implementation of integrated surveillance, analysed the legal systems of various countries that can be sources of supervision and control in the field of phytosanitary safety. The article shows the possibility of expanding the standardisation programs of food raw materials and finished products for phytosanitary facilities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that ensuring phytosanitary safety on a global scale will reduce the need for food supply of individual countries and increase the depth of processing of current food technologies. Ultimately, this will affect the possibility of intensifying social development programs of individual countries and regions.
Reducing the Risks of Environmental Pollution by Agents of Biological Origin
Authors: VALIULLIN L. R. , MUKHAMMADIEV R. S. , SOLOVYOVA A. S. , SKVORTSOV E. V. , MUKHAMMADIEV Rin. S. , VALIULLINA D. A. , KASANOVA N. R.
Published: June 2020

The neutralizing ability of the mycotoxin zearalenone with the KPM-2 biological preparation was studied. Changes in the cytotoxic properties and biochemical parameters of cell cultures under the influence of zearalenone on the background of the use of the drug KPM-2 were studied. As a result of the conducted studies, it is clear that the cytotoxicity of zearalenone in the minimum dose did not differ from the control and at the maximum dose of 3*10-3 M, cell death was higher by 75% in comparison with the control. When using the drug KPM-2 in a concentration of 2*10-9 CFU/ml, the cytotoxicity of zearalenone decreased only by 44.9% in comparison with the control. When zearalenone was exposed to cell culture at a dose of 3*10-3 M, the activity of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased by 51.7% compared to the control group, and when using the drug KPM-2 at a concentration of 2*10-9 CFU/ml, ALT activity was higher than control by only 32.1%, respectively. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the group with a concentration of zearalenone 3*10-3 M increased by 53.9% compared to the control group, when using the drug KPM-2, the neutralization of the toxic effect of zearalenone was observed and the AST index increased by only 44.0%. The concentration of lactic acid when exposed to zearalenone at a dose of 3 * 10-3 M decreased by 26.1%, and in the group after neutralization of zearalenone with KPM-2 in a concentration of 2*10-9 CFU/ml, the decrease in this indicator was only 16% compared to the control. The concentration of lactic acid when exposed to zearalenone at a dose of 3 * 10-3 M decreased by 26.1%, and in the group after neutralization of zearalenone with KPM-2 in a concentration of 2*10-9 CFU/ml, the decrease in this indicator was only 16% compared to the control. It is proposed to use the drug KPM-2 in the form of a suspension, which has the ability to neutralize the mycotoxin zearalenone and reduce the toxic effect on living organizations.
The Conceptual Framework for Water Accounting in Sustainability of Peatland Ecosystems. An Islamic Perspective
Authors: IRFAN Andi , FEBRIA Dessyka , NOFIANTI Leny , RIJULVITA Silva
Published: June 2020

Water accounting is a new topic that discusses the impact of environmental changes where the existence of water as one of the most vital natural resources is becoming increasingly scarce. The conceptual framework of water accounting should include the element or value of Ihsan. That is, it is expected that users will be able to implement the Ihsan value in water accounting. The environment is an ecosystem created entirely by God for human life. The value of Ihsan in the conceptual framework of water accounting, especially peatland, requires knowledge of the characteristics, types and distribution of peatland. It is intended that peatland can be utilized and managed sustainably. Implementation of the Ihsan value of utilizing peatland for life without damage. As khalifatullahfilard, humans must be able to maintain a balanced environment and life so that nature remains sustainable.
Integrated Use of Multitrophic Aquaculture Resources in the Recreational Business
Authors: SHISHANOVA Elena Ivanovna , BAGDASARIAN Aleksandr Sergeevich , SEMAK Anna Eduardovna , FROLOV Alexander Lvovich , SHARONIN Pavel Nikolaevich
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the development of approaches to the integrated use of multitrophic aquaculture resources in the recreational business. It is revealed that multitrophic aquaculture allows successfully combining several areas in nature management. This includes obtaining high-quality food products (both of animal and plant origin), protecting and growing valuable medicinal plants, expanding the area of melliferous plants, and cultivating various industrial crops. It is proved that fish farming, often being extensive, can be considered as a kind of organic farming in the framework of recreational projects using multipurpose reservoirs. It is revealed that reservoirs used in recreational business, as well as the territories directly adjacent to them, are often characterized by an increased level of biodiversity that allows considering such territorial complexes as important stabilizing ecological zones.
Study on Anisotropic Mechanical Properties and Failure Modes of Layered Rock Using Uniaxial Compression Test
Authors: Zuo Shuangying , Zhao Donglei , Zhang Jing , Chen Shiwan
Published: June 2020

To reveal the failure mechanisms and strength anisotropy of layered rock, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on dolomite samples with seven different bedding dip angles, and the compressive strength and the Young’s modulus with dip angle β were analyzed. Meanwhile, five failure modes (rock tensile cracking, rock shearing failure, bedding cracking, bedding sliding failure, and rock bending) were observed from laboratory phenomena, and the corresponding anisotropy constitutive model was further developed based on the transversely isotropic model and the plastic mechanics flow rules. Finally, the self-defined anisotropic constitutive model was coded in FLAC3D to carry out a numerical simulation of uniaxial compression. Results showed that the numerical simulation agreed well with experimental tests results, which proved that the assumption of a transversely isotropic model was reasonable. Furthermore, the proposed model could be applied to evaluate the stability of rock slopes with different bedding dip angles, and the bedding dip angle played an important role on failure modes and the stability of slope.
Constructing the Local Wisdom Values of the Yel Lim Culture as a Historical Learning Source
Authors: Ufie Agustinus , Ritiauw Samuel P , Kubangun Nur Aida
Published: June 2020

This study describes the living tradition of the indigenous people who live in a cluster of small islands in the southeast and south of the Maluku Islands, Indonesia, namely the Kei People. They have a robust local culture that influences in guiding and directing them to build social relations amid the onslaught of globalization with various attributes modernity that continues to go back and forth. The Yel Lim Culture, as the symbol and the identity of the Kei Community, radiates messages of humanity, tolerance, solidarity, and friendship, based on the life principle of siblings regardless of differences in ethnicity, religion, and race, it must continue to be preserved. To discover and then to elaborate on the main essence of the Yel Lim culture in the life of the Kei Community, a descriptive-analytical approach, as part of qualitative research, was taken. The results of this research showed that the Yel Lim Culture up to now was still being carried out because these cultural values were the guide, a guideline in realizing social order as a society that lived and developed in the Kei Islands. Observing the current social reality, then constructing Yel Lim's cultural values as a source in history class is very important in preparing future generations who have integrity and youthful identity, which is not easily trapped in various negative things because it continues to lean on local cultural values as their identity. Thus, the future generation that we build is the generation that is civilized and has virtuous and noble character as well.  Kajian ini mendeskripsikan tradisi masyarakat adat yang tinggal di kepulauan Kei Maluku Tenggara, dan memiliki budaya lokal dalam menuntun, mengarahkan mereka membangun relasi sosial walaupun ditengah-tengah gempuran arus modernisasi. Budaya Yel Lim sebagai simbol, identitas masyarakat Kei memancarkan pesan kemanusiaan, persaudaraan, toleransi, solidaritas dan silahturhami. Untuk menemukan, mempertahankan dan mengelaborasi budaya Yel Lim dalam kehidupan masyarakat Kei, sebagai salah satu sumber pembelajaran maka pendekatan deskriptif analitis sebagai bagian dari penelitian kualitatif ditempuh. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa nilai-nilai budaya Yel Lim harus terus dimanifestasikan guna mewujudkan keteraturan sosial komunitas masyarakat adat Kei dari generasi ke generasi. Untuk itu, mengkonstruksi nilai-nilai budaya Yel Lim sebagai sumber pengembangan pembelajaran sejarah di Sekolah (SMP/SMA) sangatlah penting guna mempersiapkan generasi masa depan yang memiliki integritas, jati diri sehingga tidak muda terjerumus dalam berbagai hal negatif. Sehingga generasi masa depan yang kita bangun nantinya adalah generasi yang memiliki peradaban, budi pekerti luhur dan ahklak mulia.
Análisis de las actividades sobre variabilidad estadística en los libros de texto de educación secundaria: Una mirada desde las propuestas internacionales
Authors: Rodríguez-Alveal Francisco , Díaz-Levicoy Danilo , Vásquez Claudia
Published: June 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las actividades sobre variabilidad en los libros de texto de educación secundaria, que proporciona gratuitamente el Ministerio de Educación chileno, de acuerdo con las directrices entregadas por la Asociación Americana de Estadística para la Evaluación e Instrucción en Estadística Educacional y los Estándares Estatales Comunes Americanos de Matemática. Se sigue una metodología cualitativa, utilizando el análisis de contenido. La muestra fue de tipo intencionada y conformada por ocho libros de texto de enseñanza secundaria (de 1.º a 4.º año), los que se encuentran en concordancia con las actuales bases curriculares para matemática en Chile. Los resultados evidencian que, en general, estos libros de texto no emplean datos reales y no mencionan los tipos de variabilidad presentes en la captura de información para su resumen, como la variabilidad natural, inducida y muestral. Asimismo, los contenidos son frecuentemente abordados de manera procedimental, lo cual restringe la enseñanza a la aplicación de fórmulas y, en casos puntuales, a aclarar ciertas notaciones. Además, no se hace un uso pedagógico de las herramientas computacionales como Excel o GeoGebra. El estudio evidenció las falencias que presentan los libros de texto para la enseñanza de la variabilidad, como entregar definiciones claras y su rol en estadística. Por ello, el profesorado debe complementar lo indicado en esas obras con nuevas lecturas y artículos científicos en los que se traten estos temas, como la introducción de metodologías adecuadas para la enseñanza de la estadística y la probabilidad; la enseñanza mediante proyectos; el estudio de casos en el cual intervengan situaciones problemáticas, donde este concepto juegue un rol fundamental en la toma de decisiones.