bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global ITG eigenmodes: From ballooning angle and radial shift to Reynolds stress and nonlinear saturation
Authors: Zielinski J. , Becoulet M. , Smolyakov A. I. , Garbet X. , Huijsmans G. T. A. , Beyer P. , Benkadda S.
Published: July 2020

We present global linear and nonlinear simulations of ion temperature gradient instabilities based on a fluid formulation, with an adapted version of the JOREK code. These simulations are performed in realistic global tokamak equilibria based on the solution of the Grad–Shafranov equation. Benchmarking of linear growth rates was successfully completed with respect to previously published data. We find two distinct types of eigenstructures, depending on the magnetic shear. For high shear, when the coupling of poloidal harmonics is strong, ballooning-type eigenmodes are formed, which are up-down asymmetric with a finite ballooning angle, θ0. The poloidal harmonics which form the global eigenmode are found to demonstrate a radial shift, being centered well outside of their corresponding rational surface. Stronger diamagnetic effects increase both θ0 and proportionately shift the m harmonics to larger radii (by as much as two rational surfaces). In the low shear regime, the unstable eigenmodes become narrowly localized between neighboring pairs of rational surfaces, and exhibit no up-down asymmetry. Our simulations also show the generation of finite Reynolds stress due to nonlocal/global profile effects. This stress possesses both poloidally symmetric (n=m=0) and asymmetric (finite-m) components. Turbulent saturation in nonlinear simulations is demonstrated for both shear regimes.
Investigating the minimum post-burst energy required to function an exploding bridgewire detonator
Authors: Rae P. J. , Feagin T. A. , Heatwole E. M.
Published: July 2020

The minimum energy required after bridge-burst to function a commercially available RP-1 exploding bridgewire detonator with a gold bridgewire was investigated using two capacitor discharge units (CDUs) making use of state-of-the-art on/off high-voltage high-current switches. Both switches are capable of shutting off the current flow in ≈100ns and the conduction time was varied systematically to limit the duration of electrical energy delivered from the CDU until a detonation go/no-go threshold was reached. It was found that the minimal extra electrical energy required for a soft-fire (a statistically marginal go) was approximately half that required for a hard-fire (a definite go). The measured energy required to function the RP-1 detonator from the 11.5 kV CDU was approximately 20 mJ greater than for the 600 V CDU, and it is postulated that this was due to arcing across the detonator terminals and an associated current shunt that was not efficient at depositing energy conducive to detonator functioning. Measurements of the bridgewire temperatures bursting in air showed that the maximum temperature reached was consistent (≈18kK) when sufficient energy was delivered that the detonator functioned (either soft- or hard-fire), but that the temperature for a sub-threshold bridgewire burst was significantly cooler at approximately 8 kK. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the intensity of the light emitted at burst scaled with deposited energy. A related finding is that the light emission from the bridgewire peaks some tens of nanoseconds after both peak voltage and peak electrical power.
Microwave response of the chiral helimagnetic MnNb3S6
Authors: Dai Yuhui , Liu Wei , Wang Yamei , Zhao Jun , Meng Fanying , Tong Wei , Pi Li , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuheng
Published: July 2020

Chiral magnetic soliton (CMS), an isolated topological kink consisting of spins, has potential applications in spintronics. In this work, the microwave response of layered MnNb3S6, which is suggested as a candidate for CMS, is investigated by the electronic spin resonance (ESR). Angle-dependent ESR spectra show that the microwave response is strong for H ⊥ c while it is weak for H//c, where c is the c-axis of the single crystal. When H ⊥ c, two resonance lines are observed, which are marked as Hr1 for the higher field and Hr2 for the lower field. It is determined that Hr1 originates from the ferromagnetic resonance of forced ferromagnetic moments, which evolves into paramagnetic resonance above TC. Meanwhile, Hr2 existing only below TC fulfills the Goldstone excitation of CMS. The microwave response of MnNb3S6 supports the existence of CMS in MnNb3S6, and is proved to be an effective means for modulating and investigating CMS.
Anomalous lattice shrinking of LaTiO3 thin film on SrTiO3 (111) induced by three-dimensional electron transfer
Authors: Wang Yade , Liang Yan , Meng Meng , An Qichang , Ge Binghui , Liu Miao , Yang Fang , Guo Jiandong
Published: July 2020

High-quality LaTiO3 films in the pseudocubic phase have been grown on SrTiO3 (111) using oxide molecular beam epitaxy. The in situ electron diffractions and ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the films with the thickness up to 60 monolayers bear the in-plane compressive strain, while the ex situ x-ray diffractions indicate the contracted out-of-plane interspacing. Such an anomalous lattice shrinking may be related to the formation of oxidized LaTiO3 + δ and, more importantly, the three-dimensional electron transfer from the film to the substrate. This is supported by spatial electron energy loss spectroscopy that shows the homogeneous distribution of Ti with increased valence in the film.
Periodic and aperiodic force-induced logical stochastic resonance in a bistable system
Authors: Yao Yuangen , Cheng Guanghui , Gui Rong
Published: July 2020

It was demonstrated recently that there are optimal windows of noise intensity or frequency and amplitude of the periodic driving force, which let a bistable system operate reliably as logic gates. These phenomena are called logical stochastic resonance (LSR). Given that the driving force is not always perfect regular, there may be phase disturbance in driving force; therefore, the Wiener process is used here to model phase disturbance of driving force, and then the effects of phase disturbance on reliability and agility of logic gates are explored in detail. Comparing with the periodic force, the aperiodic force with appropriate intensity phase disturbance can drive a bistable system to yield phenomena similar to LSR in a wider reliable region and can reduce mean switching time to obtain a faster response of logic devices to the input signal. On the other hand, depending on the amplitude and average angular frequency, moderate-intensity phase disturbance may also reduce success probability and increase mean switching time and thus lead to the instability and the slower response of logic devices.
Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectro-microscopy for probing chemical reaction dynamics in solid-state materials
Authors: Cassabaum Alyssa A. , Bera Kajari , Rich Christopher C. , Nebgen Bailey R. , Kwang Siu Yi , Clapham Margaret L. , Frontiera Renee R.
Published: July 2020

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a chemically specific vibrational technique that has the ability to follow structural dynamics during photoinduced processes such as charge transfer on the ultrafast timescale. FSRS has a strong background in following structural dynamics and elucidating chemical mechanisms; however, its use with solid-state materials has been limited. As photovoltaic and electronic devices rely on solid-state materials, having the ability to track the evolving dynamics during their charge transfer and transport processes is crucial. Following the structural dynamics in these solid-state materials will lead to the identification of specific chemical structures responsible for various photoinduced charge transfer reactions, leading to a greater understanding of the structure–function relationships needed to improve upon current technologies. Isolating the specific nuclear motions and molecular structures that drive a desired physical process will provide a chemical blueprint, leading to the rational design and fabrication of efficient electronic and photovoltaic devices. In this perspective, we discuss technical challenges and experimental developments that have facilitated the use of FSRS with solid-state samples, explore previous studies that have identified structure–function relationships in charge transfer reactions, and analyze the future developments that will broaden and advance the field.
Sub-Poissonian statistics and squeezing of magnons due to the Kerr effect in a hybrid coupled cavity–magnon system
Authors: Haghshenasfard Zahra , Cottam Michael G.
Published: July 2020

We investigate theoretically the quantum dynamics and statistics of magnons in a cavity–magnon system, where the magnons in a single yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere are coupled to microwave cavity photons. Under the rotating wave approximation, the Hamiltonian of the system is solved analytically. By using the coherent magnon state representation, we show that the magnon Kerr nonlinearity, which originates in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the YIG sample, could yield a periodic sub-Poissonian distribution and quadrature squeezing effects in the magnons. The generation and manipulation of these nonclassical quantum statistical properties of the magnons can be controlled by scaling the size of the YIG sample.
CHARMM-GUI supports the Amber force fields
Authors: Lee Jumin , Hitzenberger Manuel , Rieger Manuel , Kern Nathan R. , Zacharias Martin , Im Wonpil
Published: July 2020

As part of our ongoing efforts to support diverse force fields and simulation programs in CHARMM-GUI, this work presents the development of FF-Converter to prepare Amber simulation inputs with various Amber force fields within the current CHARMM-GUI workflow. The currently supported Amber force fields are ff14SB/ff19SB (protein), Bsc1 (DNA), OL3 (RNA), GLYCAM06 (carbohydrate), Lipid17 (lipid), GAFF/GAFF2 (small molecule), TIP3P/TIP4P-EW/OPC (water), and 12-6-4 ions, and more will be added if necessary. The robustness and usefulness of this new CHARMM-GUI extension are demonstrated by two exemplary systems: a protein/N-glycan/ligand/membrane system and a protein/DNA/RNA system. Currently, CHARMM-GUI supports the Amber force fields only for the Amber program, but we will expand the FF-Converter functionality to support other simulation programs that support the Amber force fields.
Interaction of ultra-thin CoTPP films on Fe(001) with oxygen: Interplay between chemistry, order, and magnetism
Authors: Albani Guglielmo , Calloni Alberto , Jagadeesh Madan S. , Finazzi Marco , Duò Lamberto , Ciccacci Franco , Bussetti Gianlorenzo
Published: July 2020

This work focuses on the stability against the oxidation of the chemical, structural, and magnetic properties of the system consisting of a layer of Co tetra-phenyl porphyrins grown on the top of Fe(001) – p(1 × 1)O. Such a system is characterized by a very high degree of structural order and the existence of magnetic coupling between the molecules and the substrate, even at room temperature, as we recently reported [Jagadeesh et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 082404 (2019)]. We highlight, by using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, the effect of porphyrins in screening the substrate from oxidation. The coupling between the magnetic response of the system and the order of the molecular layer is investigated by means of spin-resolved UV photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, respectively. As a result, a link is eventually found between this response and the chemical and structural stability of the interface.
Breakdown transients in high-k multilayered MOS stacks: Role of the oxide–oxide thermal boundary resistance
Authors: Boyeras Baldomá S. , Pazos S. M. , Aguirre F. L. , Palumbo F. R.
Published: July 2020

In this work, breakdown transients of multilayered gate oxide stacks were analyzed to study the impact of the interfaces between oxides on the heat dissipation considering an electromigration-based progressive breakdown model. Using two distinct measurement setups on four different sets of samples, featuring two layers and three layers of Al2O3 and HfO2 interspersed, the breakdown transients were captured and characterized in terms of the degradation rate. Experimental results show that the number of oxide–oxide interfaces present in the multilayered stack has no visible impact on the breakdown growth rate among our samples. This strongly supports the interpretation of the bulk materials dominating the heat transfer to the surroundings of a fully formed conductive filament that shows no electrical differences between our various multilayered stack configurations.
Evolution and modulational instability of interfacial waves in a two-layer fluid with arbitrary layer depths
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Cao Anzhou , Song Jinbao , Yu Chengcheng , Chen Juan
Published: July 2020

A nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) describing the evolution of interfacial waves in a gravitationally stable, inviscid, incompressible, and irrotational two-layer fluid with arbitrary constant layer depths is derived using the multiple scale analysis method. The modulational instability (MI) of the interfacial waves is then analyzed using this NLSE. It is shown that the unstable region shrinks as the density ratio of the two layers increases and as each layer gets thinner. A requirement for unstable waves is that both the upper and lower layers are thicker than the critical depths for those layers. The critical depth of each layer as a function of the density ratio of two layers is obtained by curve fitting and used as a criterion for MI. Moreover, nine cases with various upper- and lower-layer depths are investigated. The relationships of the dark soliton to modulational stability and the bright soliton to MI are discussed in each case. In the unstable regions of the nine cases, it is found that the steepness of the perturbed interface amplitude increases, and the perturbed interface elevation decays more rapidly as the depth of each layer increases. Both the height and the steepness of the perturbed interface elevation increase with increasing density ratio of the two layers.
Measurement of undercut etching by contact resonance atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wang Wenting , Ma Chengfu , Chen Yuhang
Published: July 2020

We proposed a method for measuring undercut etching based on contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM). Suspended undercut structures were fabricated through isotropic wet etching on a patterned SiNx/Si architecture. The materials beneath the SiNx masks with circular and rectangular shapes were partially etched to form center-supported thin plates. A clear contrast was observed between the supported and suspended regions by CR-AFM amplitude imaging, enabling accurate determination of the undercut boundary and the corresponding etched length. CR-spectroscopy measurements of the undercut dimensions were also applied by acquiring the contact stiffness distribution and by further fitting with models of analyzing the plate deflection. The etching rates given by both the imaging and spectroscopy measurements were in close accordance. The theoretical measurement error induced by finite CR-frequency to stiffness sensitivity was evaluated to be around 5% under our experimental settings. This work paves the way for in situ and real-time detection of undercut etching at the nanoscale and benefits relevant micro- and nano-fabrications.
The influence of orthophosphoric-acid surface modification on charge-storage enhancement in polypropylene electrets
Authors: Wang J. , Rychkov D. , Nguyen Q. D. , Gerhard R.
Published: July 2020

Bipolar electrets from polypropylene (PP) are essential, e.g., in electret air filters and in cellular-foam ferroelectrets. Therefore, the mechanism of surface-charge stability enhancement on PP electrets via orthophosphoric-acid surface treatment is investigated in detail. It is shown that the significant charge-stability enhancement can be mainly attributed to deeper surface traps originating from deposited chemicals and topographic features on the modified surfaces. Thermally stimulated discharge of chemically treated and non-treated PP films with different surface-charge densities is used to test the limits of the newly formed deep traps in terms of the capacity for hosting surface charges. When the initial surface-charge density is very high, more charges are forced into shallower original traps on the surface or in the bulk of the treated PP samples, reducing the effect of the deeper surface traps brought by the surface modification. The well-known crossover phenomenon (of the surface-charge decay curves) has been observed between modified PP electrets charged to ±2 kV and to ±3 kV. Acoustically probed charge distributions in the thickness direction of PP electrets at different stages of thermal discharging indicate that the deep surface trapping sites may have preference for negative charges, resulting in the observed asymmetric charge stability of the modified PP films.
Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns”
Authors: Liu Pai , Beeler Payton , Chakrabarty Rajan K.
Published: July 2020

We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. We have developed an epidemic progression model involving the susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered dynamics, the age-stratified disease transmissibility, and the possible large-scale undocumented (i.e., asymptomatic and/or untested) transmission of COVID-19 taking place in the USA. Our analysis utilizes COVID-19 observational data in the USA between March 19 and 28, corresponding to the early stage of the epidemic when the impacts of social distancing on disease progression were yet to manifest. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question “How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?” For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity (φ) of social distancing. For a duration longer than two weeks, our findings highlight the diminishing marginal benefit of social distancing, characterized by a linear decrease in medical demands against an exponentially increasing social distancing duration. Long-term implementation of strict social distancing with φ>50% could lead to the emergence of a second wave of infections due to a large residual susceptible population which highlights the need for contact tracing and isolation before re-opening of the economy. Finally, we investigate the scenario of intermittent social distancing and find an optimal social-to-no-distancing duration ratio of 5:1 corresponding to a sustainable reduction in medical demands.
A structural modeling approach to solid solutions based on the similar atomic environment
Authors: Tian Fuyang , Lin De-Ye , Gao Xingyu , Zhao Ya-Fan , Song Hai-Feng
Published: July 2020

A solid solution is one of the important ways to enhance the structural and functional performance of materials. In this work, we develop a structural modeling approach to solid solutions based on the similar atomic environment (SAE). We propose a similarity function associated with any type of atom cluster to describe quantitatively the configurational deviation from the desired solid-solution structure that is fully disordered or contains short-range order (SRO). In this manner, the structural modeling for solid solutions is transferred to a minimization problem in the configuration space. Moreover, we strive to enhance the practicality of this approach. The approach and implementation are demonstrated by cross validations with the special quasi-random structure method. We apply the SAE method to the typical quinary CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy, continuous binary Ta–W alloy, and ternary CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy with SRO as prototypes. In combination with ab initio calculations, we investigate the structural properties and compare the calculation results with experiments.
Modeling the structure and infrared spectra of omega-3 fatty acid esters
Authors: Meng Wenting , Jiang Yaoyukun , Rothschild Daniel , Lipke Mark , Hall Gene , Wang Lu
Published: July 2020

Omega-3 dietary supplements provide a rich source of the active moieties eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which exist in the form of triacylglycerols or ethyl esters. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy provides a rapid and quantitative tool to assess the quality of these products as specific normal modes, in particular the ester carbonyl stretch modes, exhibit characteristic spectral features for the two ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids. To uncover the origin of the observed spectra, in this work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of EPA and DHA ethyl esters and triacylglycerols to characterize their conformation, packing, and dynamics in the liquid phase and use a mixed quantum/classical approach to calculate their IR absorption spectra in the ester carbonyl stretch region. We show that the ester liquids exhibit slow dynamics in spectral diffusion and translational and rotational motion, consistent with the diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy measurements. We further demonstrate that the predicted IR spectra are in good agreement with experiments and reveal how a competition between intermolecular and intramolecular interactions gives rise to distinct absorption peaks for the fatty acid esters.
Recurrent mismatch binding by MutS mobile clamps on DNA localizes repair complexes nearby
Authors: Hao Pengyu , LeBlanc Sharonda J. , Case Brandon C. , Elston Timothy C. , Hingorani Manju M. , Erie Dorothy A. , Weninger Keith R.
Published: July 2020

Significance

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins are essential for correcting base incorporation errors that occur during replication, greatly enhancing genomic stability. In all organisms, MutS and MutL homologs initiate MMR repair and are involved in several other DNA transactions, including DNA-damage–induced apoptosis and homologous recombination. Our study reveals that MutS mobile clamps hydrolyze ATP while remaining bound to DNA and frequently revisit the mismatch. We also find that MutL converts MutS mobile clamps into immobile MutS–MutL complexes. These immobile, multimeric complexes present a striking contrast to current MMR initiation models that envision MutS–MutL sliding freely on the DNA, effectively diffusing away from the mismatch. Our results support mechanisms that localize repair complexes to the vicinity of the mismatch.
Individual learning phenotypes drive collective behavior
Authors: Cook Chelsea N. , Lemanski Natalie J. , Mosqueiro Thiago , Ozturk Cahit , Gadau Jürgen , Pinter-Wollman Noa , Smith Brian H.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Variation in individual cognition affects how animals learn about and communicate information to others. We provide evidence that differences in how individual honey bees learn influences the collective foraging dynamics of a colony. By creating colonies of distinct learning phenotypes, we evaluated how bees make foraging choices in the field. Colonies containing individuals that learn to ignore unimportant information preferred familiar food locations; however, colonies of individuals that are unable to ignore familiar information visit novel and familiar feeders equally. Colonies with a 50/50 mix of these phenotypes prefer familiar food locations because individuals who learn the familiar location recruit nestmates by dancing more intensely. Our results reveal that cognitive variation among individuals nonlinearly shapes collective behavioral outcomes.
Communicating sentiment and outlook reverses inaction against collective risks
Authors: Wang Zhen , Jusup Marko , Guo Hao , Shi Lei , Geček Sunčana , Anand Madhur , Perc Matjaž , Bauch Chris T. , Kurths Jürgen , Boccaletti Stefano , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim
Published: July 2020

Significance

Collective risks trigger social dilemmas that require balancing selfish interests and common good. One important example is mitigating climate change, wherein without sufficient investments, worldwide negative consequences become increasingly likely. To study the social aspects of this problem, we organized a game experiment that reveals how group size, communication, and behavioral type drive prosocial action. We find that communicating sentiment and outlook leads to more positive outcomes, even among culturally heterogeneous groups. Although genuine free riders remain unfazed by communication, prosocial players better endure accumulated investment deficits, and thus fight off inaction as the failure looms. This suggests that climate negotiations may achieve more by leveraging existing goodwill than persuading skeptics to act.
Regulation of stem cell function and neuronal differentiation by HERV-K via mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Tongguang , Medynets Marie , Johnson Kory R. , Doucet-O’Hare Tara T. , DiSanza Brianna , Li Wenxue , Xu Yadi , Bagnell Anna , Tyagi Richa , Sampson Kevon , Malik Nasir , Steiner Joseph , Hadegan Alina , Kowalak Jeffrey , O'Malley James , Maric Dragan , Nath Avindra
Published: July 2020

Significance

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) were incorporated into the genome over millions of years but are mostly inactive. HERV-K subtype HML-2 is the most recently incorporated and its incidental expression occurs in a variety of pathological conditions. However, its physiological role is not understood. We discovered that the envelope protein of this virus plays a critical role in early embryonic development. It is expressed at high levels on the surface of pluripotent stem cells and signals via direct binding to CD98HC, leading to activation of signaling pathways that regulate stem cell function. Down regulation of HML-2
env
resulted in dissociation of the stem cell colonies and enhanced differentiation along neuronal pathways. Thus, HML-2 regulation is critical for human embryonic and neurodevelopment.
TEAD4 ensures postimplantation development by promoting trophoblast self-renewal: An implication in early human pregnancy loss
Authors: Saha Biswarup , Ganguly Avishek , Home Pratik , Bhattacharya Bhaswati , Ray Soma , Ghosh Ananya , Rumi M. A. Karim , Marsh Courtney , French Valerie A. , Gunewardena Sumedha , Paul Soumen
Published: July 2020

Significance

Reproductive success in placental mammals relies on proper development of the trophoblast lineage. In particular, a proper balance in self-renewal vs. differentiation of trophoblast progenitors is critical for establishment of pregnancy. A defect in this process causes early pregnancy loss. Here, we showed that the Hippo signaling effector, TEAD4, is essential for trophoblast progenitor self-renewal in early postimplantation mammalian embryos. Using genetic mouse models and human TSCs, including TSCs from patients with recurrent pregnancy losses, we identified a TEAD4-dependent, evolutionarily conserved gene expression program that promotes stemness and cell proliferation in trophoblast progenitors and ensures in utero survival of the developing fetus.
Chimeric hemagglutinin vaccine elicits broadly protective CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against multiple influenza strains and subtypes
Authors: Liao Hsin-Yu , Wang Shih-Chi , Ko Yi-An , Lin Kuo-I , Ma Che , Cheng Ting-Jen Rachel , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: July 2020

Significance

Pandemic influenza continues to threaten public health across the world. Cross-species transmission of avian H5N1, H7N9, and H10N8 subtypes represent a potential threat to human as the viruses may acquire the ability to pass efficiently from human to human. In order to develop an effective influenza vaccine with protective immunity against a broad range of human and avian influenza viruses, we generated a monoglycosylated consensus cHA (cHA
mg
) from human H1N1 and avian H5N1 HAs. After immunization with the monoglycosylated consensus cHA vaccine, mice were found to generate a high level of antibodies with broader cross-reactive neutralizing activities, higher ADCC responses, and more memory CD8
+
T cell response. This strategy may facilitate the development of a universal vaccine against influenza viruses.
Analyzing dialogue moves in chronic care communication
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Bigi Sarah
Published: July 2020

Dialogue moves are a pragmatic instrument that captures the most important categories of “dialogical intentions.”
This paper adapts this tool to the conversational setting of chronic care communication, characterized by the general goal of
making reasoned decisions concerning patients’ conditions, shared by the latter. Seven mutually exclusive and comprehensive
categories were identified, whose reliability was tested on an Italian corpus of provider-patient encounters in diabetes care. The
application of this method was illustrated through explorative analyses identifying possible correlations between the dialogical
structure of medical interviews and one of the indicators of personalized decision-making, namely the specificity of the
recommendations given by the provider (“customization”). The statistical analyses show a significant correlation between the
exchange of personal information and very specific and customized recommendations for change. It suggests how the creation of
common ground, exceeding the boundaries of the paternalistic or patient-centered models, can lead to highly effective
communication.
Microtubules and motor proteins support zebrafish neuronal migration by directing cargo
Authors: Theisen Ulrike , Ernst Alexander U. , Heyne Ronja L.S. , Ring Tobias P. , Thorn-Seshold Oliver , Köster Reinhard W.
Published: July 2020

Neuronal migration during development is necessary to form an ordered and functional brain. Postmitotic neurons require microtubules and dynein to move, but the mechanisms by which they contribute to migration are not fully characterized. Using tegmental hindbrain nuclei neurons in zebrafish embryos together with subcellular imaging, optogenetics, and photopharmacology, we show that, in vivo, the centrosome’s position relative to the nucleus is not linked to greatest motility in this cell type. Nevertheless, microtubules, dynein, and kinesin-1 are essential for migration, and we find that interference with endosome formation or the Golgi apparatus impairs migration to a similar extent as disrupting microtubules. In addition, an imbalance in the traffic of the model cargo Cadherin-2 also reduces neuronal migration. These results lead us to propose that microtubules act as cargo carriers to control spatiotemporal protein distribution, which in turn controls motility. This adds crucial insights into the variety of ways that microtubules can support successful neuronal migration in vivo.
Blueprint of human thymopoiesis reveals molecular mechanisms of stage-specific TCR enhancer activation
Authors: Cieslak Agata , Charbonnier Guillaume , Tesio Melania , Mathieu Eve-Lyne , Belhocine Mohamed , Touzart Aurore , Smith Charlotte , Hypolite Guillaume , Andrieu Guillaume P. , Martens Joost H.A. , Janssen-Megens Eva , Gut Marta , Gut Ivo , Boissel Nicolas , Petit Arnaud , Puthier Denis , Macintyre Elizabeth , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Spicuglia Salvatore , Asnafi Vahid
Published: July 2020

Cell differentiation is accompanied by epigenetic changes leading to precise lineage definition and cell identity. Here we present a comprehensive resource of epigenomic data of human T cell precursors along with an integrative analysis of other hematopoietic populations. Although T cell commitment is accompanied by large scale epigenetic changes, we observed that the majority of distal regulatory elements are constitutively unmethylated throughout T cell differentiation, irrespective of their activation status. Among these, the TCRA gene enhancer (Eα) is in an open and unmethylated chromatin structure well before activation. Integrative analyses revealed that the HOXA5-9 transcription factors repress the Eα enhancer at early stages of T cell differentiation, while their decommission is required for TCRA locus activation and enforced αβ T lineage differentiation. Remarkably, the HOXA-mediated repression of Eα is paralleled by the ectopic expression of homeodomain-related oncogenes in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These results highlight an analogous enhancer repression mechanism at play in normal and cancer conditions, but imposing distinct developmental constraints.
Formation and control of the

E2∗

center in implanted β-Ga

2

O

3

by reverse-bias and zero-bias annealing
Authors: Zimmermann C , Førdestrøm Verhoeven E , Kalmann Frodason Y , Weiser P M , Varley J B , Vines L
Published: July 2020

Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements are conducted on β-Ga

2

O

3

thin-films implanted with helium and hydrogen (H) to study the formation of the defect level

E

2

∗

(

E

A

= 0.71 eV) during heat treatments under an applied reverse-bias voltage (reverse-bias annealing). The formation of

E

2

∗

during reverse-bias annealing is a thermally-activated process exhibiting an activation energy of around 1.0 eV to 1.3 eV, and applying larger reverse-bias voltages during the heat treatment results in a larger concentration of

E

2

∗

. In contrast, heat treatments without an applied reverse-bias voltage (zero-bias annealing) can be used to decrease the

E

2

∗

concentration. The removal of

E

2

∗

is more pronounced if zero-bias anneals are performed in the presence of H. A scenario for the formation of

E

2

∗

is proposed, where the main effect of reverse-bias annealing is an effective change in the Fermi-level position within the space-charge region, and where

E

2

∗

is related to a defect complex involving intrinsic defects that exhibits several different configurations whose relative formation energies depend on the Fermi-level position. One of these configurations gives rise to

E

2

∗

, and is more likely to form if the Fermi-level position is further away from the conduction band edge. The defect complex related to

E

2

∗

can become hydrogenated, and the corresponding hydrogenated complex is likely to form when the Fermi level is close to the conduction band edge. Di-vacancy defects formed by oxygen and gallium vacancies (V

O

−V

G
a

) fulfill several of these requirements, and are proposed as potential candidates for

E

2

∗

.
COHmax: an algorithm to maximise coherence in estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation
Authors: Panerai Ronney B , Intharakham Kannakorn , Minhas Jatinder S , Llwyd Osian , Salinet Angela S M , Katsogridakis Emmanuel , Maggio Paola , Robinson Thompson G
Published: July 2020

Objective: The reliability of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) parameters, obtained with transfer function analysis (TFA) of spontaneous fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (BP), require statistically significant values of the coherence function. A new algorithm (COHmax) is proposed to increase values of coherence by means of the automated, selective removal of sub-segments of data. Approach: Healthy subjects were studied at baseline (normocapnia) and during 5% breathing of CO2 (hypercapnia). BP (Finapres), cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV, transcranial Doppler), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2, capnography) and heart rate (ECG) were recorded continuously during 5 min in each condition. TFA was performed with sub-segments of data of duration (SEGD) 100 s, 50 s or 25 s and the autoregulation index (ARI) was obtained from the CBFV response to a step change in BP. The area-under-the curve (AUC) was obtained from the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the detection of changes in dCA resulting from hypercapnia. Main results: In 120 healthy subjects (69 male, age range 20–77 years), CO2 breathing was effective in changing mean EtCO2 and CBFV (p < 0.001). For SEGD = 100 s, ARI changed from 5.8 ± 1.4 (normocapnia) to 4.0 ± 1.7 (hypercapnia, p < 0.0001), with similar differences for SEGD = 50 s or 25 s. Depending on the value of SEGD, in normocapnia, 15.8% to 18.3% of ARI estimates were rejected due to poor coherence, with corresponding rates of 8.3% to 13.3% in hypercapnia. With increasing coherence, 36.4% to 63.2% of these could be recovered in normocapnia (p < 0.001) and 50.0% to 83.0% in hypercapnia (p < 0.005). For SEGD = 100 s, ROC AUC was not influenced by the algorithm, but it was superior to corresponding values for SEGD = 50 s or 25 s. Significance: COHmax has the potential to improve the yield of TFA estimates of dCA parameters, without introducing a bias or deterioration of their ability to detect impairment of autoregulation. Further studies are needed to assess the behaviour of the algorithm in patients with different cerebrovascular conditions.
Effect of weak measurement on quantum correlations
Authors: Jebli L , Amzioug M , Ennadifi S E , Habiballah N , Nassik M
Published: July 2020

We investigate the local quantum uncertainty (LQU ) in weak measurement. An expression of weak LQU is explicitly determined. Also, we consider some cases of three special X states, Werner state, circulant two-qubit states, and Heisenberg model via LQU in normal and weak measurements. We find that the LQU in weak measurement is weaker than the case of strong measurement.
Design of passive filters for time-delay neural networks with quantized output*
Authors: Han Jing , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhou Jianping
Published: July 2020

Passive filtering of neural networks with time-invariant delay and quantized output is considered. A criterion on the passivity of a filtering error system is proposed by means of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the Bessel–Legendre inequality. Based on the criterion, a design approach for desired passive filters is developed in terms of the feasible solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities. Then, analyses and syntheses are extended to the time-variant delay situation using the reciprocally convex combination inequality. Finally, a numerical example with simulations is used to illustrate the applicability and reduced conservatism of the present passive filter design approaches.
Active metasurfaces for manipulatable terahertz technology*
Authors: Wu Jing-Yuan , Xu Xiao-Feng , Wei Lian-Fu
Published: July 2020

Metasurface is a kind of two-dimensional metamaterial with specially designed sub-wavelength unit cells. It consists of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures and possesses certain superior abilities to manipulate the propagating electromagnetic waves, including the terahertz (THz) ones. Compared with the usual passive THz metasurfaces whose optical properties are difficult to be controlled after fabrication, the active materials are highly desirable to enable dynamic and tunable control of THz waves. In this review, we briefly summarize the progress of active THz metasurfaces, from their physical mechanisms on carrier concentration modulations, phase transitions, magneto-optical effects, etc., for various possible THz applications mainly with low-dimensional materials, vanadium dioxide films, and superconductors.
ATLAS High Level Trigger within the multi-threaded software framework AthenaMT
Authors: Bielski Rafal
Published: July 2020

Athena is the software framework used in the ATLAS experiment throughout the data processing path, from the software trigger system through offline event reconstruction to physics analysis. The shift from high-power single-core CPUs to multi-core systems in the computing market means that the throughput capabilities of the framework have become limited by the available memory per process. For Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), ATLAS has exploited a multi-process forking approach with the copy-on-write mechanism to reduce the memory use. To better match the increasing CPU core count and, therefore, the decreasing available memory per core, a multi-threaded framework, AthenaMT, has been designed and is now being implemented. The ATLAS High Level Trigger (HLT) system has been remodelled to fit the new framework and to rely on common solutions between online and offline software to a greater extent than in Run 2. We present the implementation of the new HLT system within the AthenaMT framework, which is going to be used in ATLAS data-taking during Run 3 (2021 onwards) of the LHC. We also report on interfacing the new framework to the current ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system, which aims to bring increased flexibility whilst needing minimal modifications to the current system. In addition, we show some details of architectural choices which were made to run the HLT selection inside the ATLAS online dataflow, such as the handling of the event loop, returning of the trigger decision and handling of errors.
Variational Dropout Sparsification for Particle Identification speed-up
Authors: Ryzhikov Artem , Derkach Denis , Hushchyn Mikhail
Published: July 2020

Accurate particle identification (PID) is one of the most important aspects of the LHCb experiment. Modern machine learning techniques such as neural networks (NNs) are efficiently applied to this problem and are integrated into the LHCb software. In this research, we discuss novel applications of neural network speed-up techniques to achieve faster PID in LHC upgrade conditions. We show that the best results are obtained using variational dropout sparsification, which provides a prediction (feedforward pass) speed increase of up to a factor of sixteen even when compared to a model with shallow networks.
99mTc-Sulfur colloid single photon emission computed tomography for assessment of liver function
Authors: Dwihapsari Y , Evalisa M , Nazir F
Published: July 2020

The assessment of liver function is essential in diagnosis and assessment of therapy of liver diseases. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) gamma camera allows the assessment of liver function and measurement of functional liver volume. Several studies reported SPECT imaging of liver using some radiotracers, such as 99mTc-GSA and 99mTc-mebrofenin. In this study, liver function was observed using 99mTc-labelled sulfur colloid SPECT imaging. 99mTc-labelled sulfur colloid was administered intravenously and scanned using SPECT in 24 volunteers. Images were then processed to obtain liver and spleen uptake. The segmented images were processed to obtain liver/spleen uptake and left lobe/right lobe uptake in the liver to assess the liver function of volunteers. The result showed that 99mTc-sulfur colloid could give description on liver function and showed significant difference between normal and abnormal volunteers.
Acoustic characteristics board of areca nuts fiber composites
Authors: Taufik M , Doyan A , Susilawati  , Hakim S , Muliyadi L
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to determine the ability of Areca nuts fiber composite in sound absorption. The Areca nuts fiber composite board uses polyester resin as a binder. The Areca nuts fiber used in this research is fiber obtained from Areca nuts which are old and are not being used anymore. The sample was made by varying the concentration of fiber used (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70) %. The result of the absorbency coefficient of the composite is proportional to the concentration of fiber used. The Areca nuts fiber composite board is excellent to be used as a sound absorbance material because it has the highest absorption coefficient of 0.77, higher than the absorbency coefficient of ISO 11654 standard; 1997 (E) of 0.15. Sound absorption is obtained from measurements using impedance tube bystandardizing ASTM E1050-1990. The addition of Areca Nuts concentration makes the composite the higher the level of absorbance that makes the quality of the composite as an absorber the higher the quality. It was found that this composite has the characteristic of being able to absorb sound high enough at the sound frequency despite the high frequency.
A frequency generator of 40-60 kHz based on arduino for ultrasonic cleaner applications
Authors: Junaidi  , Sulistiya A , Surtono A , Supriyanto A , Warsito
Published: July 2020

In this study, the design and implementation of a frequency generator of 40 to 60 kHz based on Arduino were carried out by using the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for ultrasonic cleaner applications. The components used in the study are Arduino Uno, Stainless Tank, four digits seven segment, 4×4 keypad module, TM 1637 module, dimmer module, frequency generator module, and switching mode power supply (SMPS). Calibration of the voltage, frequency, and vibration strength using are multimeters, Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) meters, and vibration meters. This study aims to design and analyze ultrasonic generator drivers used an Arduino for controlling frequency and time. The regulated input frequency of 50-200 Hz produces an output voltage of 0.3-4.0 volt and an output frequency of 40-60 kHz from an ultrasonic generator. The output voltage is more stable and precision than the frequency output. The ultrasonic cleaner produced has a very high level of precision and accuracy. The relationship of vibration to frequency is directly proportional, the greater the frequency, the greater the vibration produced. The voltage and frequency are inversely proportional; the greater the frequency, the voltage will be smaller.
Development of e-module using flip pdf professional on temperature and heat material
Authors: Komikesari H , Mutoharoh M , Dewi P S , Utami G N , Anggraini W , Himmah E F
Published: July 2020

Research and development are intended to determine the feasibility and the responses of students and educators to the development of e-modules using flip pdf professional on temperature and heat material. The method used was adopted from Borg & Gall development model. The validation product of e-modules using flip pdf professional as learning media have fulfilled very good criteria with a percentage of material expert evaluations of 92,08%, media experts of 89,1%, and religious experts of 90%. While the responses of students and educators obtained very good criteria with percentage for small group trials of 88.15%, field trials of 88.03%, and educator response tests of 85.96%. Based on the results, the development of e-module using flip pdf professional can be used as a learning media.
Effect of ball-milling time on chemical property of coconut shell powder
Authors: Ismail I , Arliyani  , Fathmiyah S , Mursal  , Jalil Z , Khalil H P S A
Published: July 2020

Coconut is one of the abundant agricultural products in Indonesia. Coconut shell is one of the wastes from coconut products that can be used as biocomposite material. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of ball milling time on the chemical properties of coconut shell powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescent (XRF) have been used in this study. Coconut shell powder 200 mesh was milled using mechanical ball milling for various milling times (20, 30, and 40 hours) at 350 rpm constant speed. The results of our study using XRD showed that the coconut shell powder contains SiO2, C, Fe2O3, CaO, K2O, and Al2O3. The intensity of the diffraction pattern from our sample increased when the ball-milling time was increased. This implies that the crystallinity of the sample was influenced by the ball-milling time. By using XRF, it was found that the coconut shell powder contains 13.6% of Fe2O3, 25.7% of CaO, 46.1% of K2O, 2.8% of CuO, and 8.2% of P2O5. The percentage composition of Fe2O3 increased from 13.6% for 0 hours milling time to 30.2% after the sample was milled for 20 hours. The percentage composition of Fe2O3 rose to 32.2% for the milling time of 40 hours. However, the percentage compositions of CaO and K2O decrease as the milling time is increased. The percentage composition of P2O5 is independent of milling time. Our results show that the chemical properties of coconut shell powder are influenced by the ball-milling time or particle size of coconut shell powder.