bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a sea breeze front in an urban environment
Authors: Thompson William T. , Holt Teddy , Pullen Julie
Published: May 2007

The dynamics of a sea breeze front interacting with the heavily urbanized New York City area are examined. In addition, we investigate the impact of the urban‐influenced sea breeze front on transport and diffusion of simulated passive tracer plumes. We employ the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS®—a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory) to perform a nested simulation with data assimilation for the sea breeze event of 9 August 2004. Available surface and upper‐air observations are used to validate the simulation. We also perform a sensitivity study in which the urban influence is removed (no‐urban).

The sea breeze front has characteristics of a density current, including an elevated head at the leading edge. The density current moves slowly and unevenly across the city. Kelvin–Helmholtz billows form in the region of the density current head, and the results show evidence of the occurrence of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI). The density current head is greatly elevated owing to the enhanced surface drag of the urban area. This urban influence is further explored in the no‐urban simulation, in which the head of the density current is not elevated to the same degree and KHI does not occur.

The sea breeze/density current has a large impact on transport and diffusion of simulated tracer plumes, not only changing the direction of plume motion due to the wind shift but also redistributing tracer material in the vertical so as to produce dramatic, rapid changes in near‐surface concentration as the front passes. In particular, large upward vertical velocity at the head of the density current advects tracer material to large elevations, greatly reducing near‐surface concentration. After passage of the front, tracer is released into the shallow density current and confined near the surface, enhancing near‐surface concentrations. KHI results in turbulent mixing at the upper surface of the plume, allowing for a small reduction in near‐surface concentration. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducing cloud microphysical and irradiance measurements using three 3D cloud generators
Authors: Schmidt K. Sebastian , Venema Victor , Giuseppe Francesca Di , Scheirer Ronald , Wendisch Manfred , Pilewskie Peter
Published: May 2007

Using three cloud generators, three‐dimensional (3D) cloud fields are reproduced from microphysical cloud data measured in situ by aircraft. The generated cloud fields are used as input to a 3D radiative transfer model to calculate the corresponding fields of downward and upward irradiance, which are then compared with airborne and ground‐based radiation measurements. One overcast stratocumulus scene and one broken cumulus scene were selected from the European INSPECTRO field experiment, which was held in Norwich, UK, in September 2002. With these data, the characteristics of the three different cloud reproduction techniques are assessed. Besides vertical profiles and histograms of measured and modelled liquid water content and irradiance, the horizontal structure of these quantities is examined in terms of power spectra and autocorrelation lengths. 3D radiative transfer calculations are compared with the independent pixel approximation, and their differences with respect to domain‐averaged quantities and 3D fields are interpreted. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
An integrated package for subgrid convection, clouds and precipitation compatible with meso‐gamma scales
Authors: Gerard L.
Published: May 2007

The integration into a coherent package of the main ‘moist’ parametrizations—deep convection, resolved condensation, and microphysics—of a limited‐area model is presented. The development of the package is aimed at solving efficiently the problem of combining ‘resolved’ and ‘subgrid’ condensation at all resolutions, in particular in the range between 10 km and 2 km where deep convection is partly resolved, partly subgrid. The different schemes of the package are called in cascade, with intermediate updating of internal variables, so that, for instance, the initial profiles passed to the deep‐convection scheme are already balanced with respect to resolved condensation effects. Further on, the clean separation of the contributions to the closure of the updraught and downdraught from the initial vertical profile from which they evolve prevents double counting. The convective parametrization works with a prognostic mass‐flux scheme, and acts on the resolved variables through condensation and convective transport. It detrains condensates that are added to the prognostic resolved condensates. A sensitivity study in a single‐column model, and further validation in three‐dimensional experiments at different resolutions, are presented. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The properties of sensitive area predictions based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)
Authors: Petersen G. N. , Majumdar S. J. , Thorpe A. J.
Published: May 2007

The spatial characteristics of ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) sensitive area predictions (SAPs) are explored using ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts for the period of the 2003 North Atlantic THORPEX Regional Campaign. The ensemble size necessary for a robust sensitive area prediction is found to be surprisingly small: a 10‐member ensemble is capable of replicating approximately the same sensitive area structure as a 50‐member ensemble. This result is corroborated by the fact that the leading eigenvector of the ensemble perturbations explains over 70% of the ensemble variance and possesses a nearly identical spatial structure regardless of the ensemble size. The structures of the SAPs were found to vary with the lead‐time between the ensemble initialization and the adaptive observing time, indicating the necessity of using as recent an ensemble as possible in ensemble‐based sensitive area predictions. The ETKF SAPs exhibit similar structures at different levels in the atmosphere and there is no indication of a vertical tilt. A relationship is found between the SAPs and the zonal wind, horizontal temperature gradient and the Eady index, indicating that the ETKF identifies regions with significant gradients in the mass‐momentum field as regions of large initial error or large error growth. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The new ECMWF VAREPS (Variable Resolution Ensemble Prediction System)
Authors: Buizza Roberto , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Wedi Nils , Fuentes Manuel , Hamrud Mats , Holt Graham , Vitart Frederic
Published: May 2007

The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Variable Resolution Ensemble Prediction System (VAREPS) is a system designed to provide skilful predictions of small‐scale, severe‐weather events in the early forecast range, and accurate large‐scale forecast guidance in the extended forecast range (say beyond forecast day 7). In this work, first the rationale behind VAREPS is presented, and then the performance of VAREPS with a truncation at forecast day 7, i.e. TL399L40(d0–7) and TL255L40(d7–15), is discussed and compared to the performance of two constant resolution systems, a TL255L40 and a TL319L40 (this latter one requires similar computing resources to VAREPS).

Average results based on up to 111 cases indicate that VAREPS has a higher forecast‐time‐integrated skill, and it provides better forecasts in the early forecast range without losing accuracy in the long forecast range. In the early forecast range, the differences in forecast performance can be very large and responsible for substantial improvements in the prediction of weather variables such as surface wind, significant wave height and total precipitation, as was shown in two case‐studies. Average results have also shown that the VAREPS extension to 15 days (the old EPS system was run operationally only up to forecast day 10) will provide users with some skilful extended‐range forecasts. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantitative surface analysis of FeNi alloy films by XPS, AES and SIMS
Authors: Kim K. J. , Moon D. W. , Park C. J. , Simons D. , Gillen G. , Jin H. , Kang H. J.
Published: May 2007

A comparison of quantitative surface analyses of FeNi alloy thin films by various methods has been proposed as a pilot study by the Surface Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). To test the suitability of FeNi for this purpose, alloy films with different compositions were grown on Si(100) wafers by ion‐beam sputter deposition and the compositions were certified by an isotope dilution method using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The alloy compositions measured with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) using sensitivity factors determined from pure Fe and Ni metal films agreed with the certified mean values to better than 2%. The alloy compositions quantified by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with a C60 ion source agreed to better than 4% with the certified compositions if one of the alloys was used to establish the relative sensitivity factors (RSFs). These results indicate that the quantification of the FeNi alloy is a good method for a CCQM pilot study because matrix effects and ion‐sputtering effects are small for these analytical methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Nanostructured Surfaces Generated by Reconstitution of the Porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Wörner Michael , Lioubashevski Oleg , Basel Matthew T. , Niebler Sandra , Gogritchiani Eliso , Egner Nicole , Heinz Christian , Hoferer Jürgen , Cipolloni Michela , Janik Katharine , Katz Evgeny , Braun Andre M. , Willner Itamar , Niederweis Michael , Bossmann Stefan H.
Published: May 2007

Nanostructures with long‐term stability at the surface of gold electrodes are generated by reconstituting the porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis into a specially designed monolayer of long‐chain lipid surfactant on gold. Tailored surface coverage of gold electrodes with long‐chain surfactants is achieved by electrochemically assisted deposition of organic thiosulfates (Bunte salts). The subsequent reconstitution of the octameric‐pore MspA is guided by its extraordinary self‐assembling properties. Importantly, electrochemical reduction of copper(II) yields copper nanoparticles within the MspA nanopores. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, reflection electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that: 1) the MspA pores within the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) are monodisperse and electrochemically active, 2) MspA reconstitutes in SAMs and with a 10‐nm thickness, 3) AFM is a suitable method to detect pores within SAMs, and 4) the electrochemical reduction of Cu2+ to Cu0 under overpotential conditions starts within the MspA pores.
Becoming real: From model programs to implemented services
Authors: Rosen Alan , Diamond Ronald J. , Miller Vivienne , Stein Leonard I.
Published: May 2007

For mental health service provider organizations, and especially mental health systems, to thrive requires building on initial enthusiasm and energy to institutionalize services while remaining open to new challenges and opportunities.
Employment for people with psychiatric disabilities: Knowledge dissemination utilization experiences
Authors: Baron Richard C. , Granger Barbara
Published: May 2007

As attitudes toward vocational activities for individuals with disabilities have changed, the importance of long‐term funding support and of planned training have become evident. Continued emphasis is needed on the values underlying the interest in and the empowering nature of employment rights.
Mandatory treatment from the family's perspective
Authors: Lefley Harriet P.
Published: May 2007

Families' difficulties in getting treatment for highly disruptive, assaultive, or suicidal family members are compounded by patients' resistance, their resentment if relatives seek forced interventions, and systemic and legal barriers to timely care. Consumer services and outreach may be a route to voluntary treatment.
Involuntary treatment of substance abuse disorders
Authors: Galon Patricia A. , Liebelt Robert A.
Published: May 2007

The authors argue for the extension of mandatory treatment to persons gravely disabled by substance abuse. The problem is examined from ideological, clinical, legal, economic, and ethical perspectives.
Conditional release: Court‐ordered outpatient treatment for insanity acquittees
Authors: Stafford Kathleen P , Karpawich James J.
Published: May 2007

Experience with involuntary outpatient treatment of individuals conditionally released to the community after a finding of not guilty by reason of insanity provides insight into the involuntavy treatment of all mental health clients, particularly those considered to be high risk.
A competency‐based approach to court‐ordered outpatient treatment
Authors: Geller Jeffrey L. , McDermeit Melissa , Grudzinskas Albert J. , Lawlor Ted , Fisher William H.
Published: May 2007

A quasi‐experimental study of involuntary outpatient treatment in Massachusetts is described and analyzed. Results indicate decreased hospital use by the involuntarily treated outpatients, which may or may not be due to the involuntary intervention itself.
Late‐life suicide and depression in the primary care setting
Authors: Pearson Jane L. , Conwell Yeates , Lyness Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2007

Improvements in the detection and treatment of late‐life depression in the primavy care setting can significantly reduce late‐life suicide.
Early diagnosis of alzheimer's disease
Authors: Small Gary
Published: May 2007

This chapter focuses on new methods for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease, including brain imaging techniques and identification of genetic susceptibilities.
ECT in the elderly
Authors: Greenberg Robert M.
Published: May 2007

An overview of electroconvulsive therapy is presented, along with some key issues relating to depression in the elderly. The use of electroconvulsive therapy in different elderly populations is discussed, with a review of indications, medical considerations, patient evaluation, cognitive and other side effects, and relapse prevention.
Crisis intervention with children and families
Authors: Bonnefil Margaret C.
Published: May 2007

While based on individual crisis intervention techniques, work with families and children is one of the more complex applications of crisis theory and one that requires a degree of precision not ordinarily demanded of psychotherapists.
Prospects and problems for middle management in mental health
Authors: White Stephen L.
Published: May 2007

Although the need for clinically trained managers increases, professional attitudes and limited educational opportunities militate against any rapid emergence of professionals trained in both clinical and managerial work.
Developing a mental health education program
Authors: Raber Merrill , Hershberger Jane
Published: May 2007

An effective educational program needs to be “owned” by many persons and organizations in addition to the mental health center. This requires careful planning and the building of relationships.
Resource use and community impact
Authors: Paredes Alfonso
Published: May 2007

The use of therapeutic resources is related to factors other than the morbid condition affecting the patient. Patients' Needs, the sociocultural background of patients and providers of services, therapeutic philosophies, and financial incentives in the delivery of services all play a role.
New directions for mental health promotion
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson
Published: May 2007

Mental health promotion and primary prevention services should be delivered in the societal institutions that are involved with the normal process of living.
The mental health expert witness
Authors: Pollack Seymour , Gross Bruce H. , Weinberger Linda E.
Published: May 2007

The mental health professional is called upon to apply his technical material to legal issues. In order for the mental health professionals involvement to be of benefit to the legal system, he must understand the legal issues posed and know how to answer them.
The demography of deinstitutionalization
Authors: Goldman Howard H.
Published: May 2007

Once defined as long‐term residents of psychiatric hospitals, the chronically mentally ill today are a heterogeneous population living in a variety of institutional and community settings.
Discussion of New York's unified services
Authors: Moritz Timothy B.
Published: May 2007

New York State's unified services system legislation was a major effort to improve a mental health care system, but continued efforts will be needed to develop effective models for improving the system.
Therapeutic aspects of medication management
Authors: Burton Tim
Published: May 2007

The author describes methods of handling medication in resistant patients. He shows us how such methods can aid psychiatrists and nonmedical staff in collaborating against barriers to effective treatment.
Integrating an aftercare plan for the chronic patient
Authors: Cutler David L. , Terwilliger Wesley B. , Faulkner Larry R.
Published: May 2007

The authors describe a „cook book”︁ approach to integrating knowledge gained from previous chapters into an organized, problem‐oriented approach to treatment.
Recent trends in occupational mental health: An overview
Authors: White Stephen L.
Published: May 2007

Modern occupational mental health programs are found in many different settings, structures, and formats.
Families, relocation, and the corporation
Authors: Gullotta Thomas P. , Donohue Kevin C.
Published: May 2007

Mental health agencies can help to ease the stress of corporate executive relocation.
The development of a community mental health program for occupational settings
Authors: Ehrlich Robert P. , Broskowski Anthony , Wood Gary L.
Published: May 2007

The phases in the development of one employee assistance program indicate some of the pitfalls that must be avoided to establish a successful program.
Health promotion through psychological services
Authors: Manuso James S. J.
Published: May 2007

Three health promotion programs adapted to the needs of large organizations are described.
Community mental health centers and industry: Discussions with some key informants
Authors: Sodano Andrea G. , Woy J. Richard
Published: May 2007

Can community mental health centers and industry form viable and useful partnerships? Discussions with some key informants indicate that they can, but new intiatives must be consistent with the mission and philosophy of the community mental health movement.
Employee assistance programs: Industrial and clinical perspectives
Authors: Dubreuil Edmond , Krause Nancy
Published: May 2007

Comprehensive employee assistance programs have evolved from alcohol treatment programs. Nonetheless, alcohol is still seen by many as industry's primary problem.
Changes in self‐image during early adolescence
Authors: Abramowitz Robert H. , Petersen Anne C. , Schulenberg John E.
Published: May 2007

Of nine areas of adolescent self‐image, five change positively, two remain stable, and two decline during the early adolescent years.
Epilogue
Authors: Offer Daniel , Ostrov Eric , Howard Kenneth I.
Published: May 2007

The findings presented in this volume have implications for mental health professionals, teachers, and parents.
Contemorary short‐term psychotherapies
Authors: Canter Arthur
Published: May 2007

Modern behaviorally oriented short‐term psychotherapies carried out by trained nonmedical professional staff augment the somatic therapies to provide patients with a truly comprehensive treatment plan.
Patient evaluation
Authors: Kathol Roger G.
Published: May 2007

Evaluating patients with depression requires a systematic three‐step approach to ensure good patient care: a complete history, a physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing.
Children of disturbed parents: A research‐based model for intervention
Authors: Goodman Sherryl H.
Published: May 2007

Seriously disturbed, socially disadvantaged mothers of young children are treated outside the hospital using a staff‐based support system, teaching parenting skills, and encouraging more effective community participation.
The PACE family treatment and education program: A public health approach to parental competence and promotion of mental health
Authors: Goodman Carolyn
Published: May 2007

Research‐based interventions for schizophrenic and depressed mothers and their young children foster competence among children and answer important questions regarding the developing mother‐child relationship.
Reaching the hard‐to‐reach: Serving isolated and depressed mothers with infants in the community
Authors: Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Botein Sheila , Grunebaum Henry U.
Published: May 2007

How to win the trust of isolated and hostile mothers may be the most important issue facing infant mental health programs over the next decade.
Life tasks and developmental issues of the chronically mentally III elderly
Authors: Quam Jean K.
Published: May 2007

Utilizing a life‐span developmental perspective, the author presents suggestions for how chronically mentally ill older adults can work toward and achieve some measure of resolution with past and current life tasks.
Psychiatric symptoms caused by medical illness in the chronically mentally ill elderly
Authors: Schmidt Gregory
Published: May 2007

Psychiatric symptoms in the mentally ill elderly are often the result of medical or drug‐induced conditions. These conditions and means for their detection are presented in this chapter.
Support groups for family caregivers of dementia victims: Questions, directions, and future research
Authors: Hepburn Kenneth , Wasow Mona
Published: May 2007

The caregivers of Alzheimer's and other dementia victims can benefit from a variety of support groups This concept and some models of support are presented, along with specific concerns that are frequently overlooked.
Treatment of bulimia: A review of current studies
Authors: Harrison James I. Hudson , Pope G.
Published: May 2007

Several methodologically sound studies support the efficacy of antidepressant medications for the treatment of bulimia. Various forms of psychotherafiy—particularly cognitive behavioral and group therapy—also appear to be promising treatments but have not yet been adequately assessed in well‐designed controlled studies.
Prescriptive rehabilitation for severely disabled psychiatric patients
Authors: Schade Mark L. , Corrigan Patrick W. , Liberman Robert P.
Published: May 2007

Comprehensive psychiatric rehabilitation for severely disabled patients must incorporate both biological and behavioral‐psychosocial treatment approaches, applied over time in a range of community and institutional treatment settings.
The Robert Wood Johnson foundation mental health services development program
Authors: Stein Leonard I.
Published: May 2007

With annual national health spending already at $400 billion and alarming numbers of chronically mentally ill individuals critically needing multiple services, how does one philanthropic foundation find a way to help?
Psychotherapy and community support: Community mental health systems in transition
Authors: Bataille Gale G.
Published: May 2007

The practice of psychotherapy must change in order to remain relevant to public mental health systems of the 1990s.
A multimodality approach to the treatment of children and families
Authors: Schreier Herbert A.
Published: May 2007

A combination of individual and family therapies is utilized by staff and trainees to handle difficult cases in the child and adolescent outpatient clinic of an inner‐city hospital.
Administrative psychiatry
Authors: Greenblatt Milton
Published: May 2007

This chapter outlines the knowledge and strengths needed by the executive of a psychiatric program.
Administration and the third ear
Authors: Shore Miles F.
Published: May 2007

A knowledge of individual and group psychodynamics and technique can enhance leadership and executive functioning in public mental health programs.
Can the public psychiatric administrator be ethical?
Authors: Peele Roger
Published: May 2007

The complexities and differing targets of accountability can pose conflicting ethical dilemmas for the administrator of public mental health programs, but this situation need not discourage those embarked on such a career.
Psychiatry's commitment to public psychiatry
Authors: Barton Walter E.
Published: May 2007

Many of the predictions voiced by the author almost a decade ago have proved accurate.
Strategies of influence: The psychiatrist‐executive as political being
Authors: Keill Stuart L.
Published: May 2007

Political skills enhance the effectiveness of the mental health clinician heading a public program for the management of mental illness.
Creating integrated programs for severely mentally ill persons with substance disorders
Authors: Ridgely M. Susan
Published: May 2007

While the state of the art in developing programs for severely mentally ill people with substance disorders is not well advanced, programs that show promise attend to a basic set of principles, providing or coordinating a core set of values.
A cognitive‐behavioral treatment program for patients with a schizophrenic disorder
Authors: Perris Carlo
Published: May 2007

The multidetermined nature of the disability of patients suffering from schizophrenic disorders requires a comprehensive treatment approach that includes cognitive‐behavioral therapy.
Between a rock and a hard place: The mental health system in japan
Authors: Mandiberg James M.
Published: May 2007

Like many other things in Japan, the mental health system is a mix of imported models and ideas along with traditional social structures and values. The mix can be confusing for non‐Japanese and Japanese alike.
Coercion in the community: Issues for mature treatment systems
Authors: Diamond Ronald J.
Published: May 2007

Coercion in community‐based mental health treatment refers to much more than just court‐ordered treatment. Mature systems can address these issues and adopt clinical approaches that decrease the need for coercion.
Changing roles of consumer/survivors in mature mental health systems
Authors: McCabe Sinikka , Unzicker Rae E.
Published: May 2007

It is useful to have a framework for involving consumer/survivors of mental health services. Through practical examples, barriers to consumer/survivor involvement and strategies for increasing involvement are identified and discussed.
Special programs for special groups
Authors: Dincin Jerry , Zeitz Mary Ann , Farrell Diane , Harrington Linda , Green Walter , Pavick Debbie , Rucks Camille , Ming Peter
Published: May 2007

Special groups of persons with mental illness require individually tailored programs.
Creating incentives for the delivery of services
Authors: Hyde Pamela S.
Published: May 2007

In the public sector, incentives to reduce cost by controlling risk must be accompanied by incentives to care for persons with the most complex and expensive disorders.
Utilization review and the treatment of mental illness: Emerging norms and variabilities
Authors: Schlesinger Mark
Published: May 2007

The increasing importance and pervasiveness of utilization review requires efforts to support patient advocacy and to monitor shifting of costs.
Quality assurance in behavioral health
Authors: Lohr Kathleen N. , Schlenger William E. , Luckey J. William
Published: May 2007

Quality of care can be defined, measured, and improved but the tools available for quality assurance and improvement in mental health and substance abuse are lessfully developed and more difficult to apply, especially in the managed care arena.
The future of behavioral health
Authors: Mechanic David
Published: May 2007

A thoughtful regulatory framework is needed to guide the evolution of the behavioral health care industry and to encourage high performance standards.
A harmony in three parts: Utopian treatment for schizophrenia
Authors: Estroff Sue E.
Published: May 2007

If help were provided early; if professionals were well trained, knowledgeable, and made the right referrals; if insurance paid for the help that is needed; if people with mental illness had a quiet, safe, gentle place to regroup when they were in crisis… how different the outcomes of mental health services would be.
When I'm gone: Mourning the dearly departed… slightly before departure
Authors: Wasow Mona
Published: May 2007

One of the most worrisome questions for parents of adult children with mental illness is, “What will happen when I die?” This chapter provides suggestions to deal with the practical and emotional sides of this issue.
Environmental interventions in schizophrenia 2: The community level
Authors: Warner Richard
Published: May 2007

This chapter looks at the research on environmental factors at community level and speculates on innovations that could reduce the occurrence of schizophrenia, improve its course, and enhance the quality of life.
The state of the state mental hospital at the turn of the century
Authors: Bachrach Leona L.
Published: May 2007

There is a core of services whose specific content varies from place to place that still appears to belong to the state mental hospital.
Public policy and state psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Hunter Richard H.
Published: May 2007

Professionals who operate from a clinical rather than a political ethic must be prepared to reclaim and accept leadership roles and responsibilities, which have shifted to the political arena.
The psychiatric hospital and therapeutic jurisprudence: Applying the law to promote mental health
Authors: Elbogen Eric B. , Tomkins Alan J.
Published: May 2007

If the law provided for accessible and efficient means to facilitate mental health treatment, the law itself could be a component of the comprehensive care system.
The state hospital and the community: An essential continuum for persons with severe and persistent mental illness
Authors: Monroe‐DeVita Maria B. , Mohatt Dennis E.
Published: May 2007

Assertive Community Treatment and related approaches will have a defining impact on state hospitals, now and in the future.
Clinical decision support systems in state hospitals
Authors: Buican Brett , Spaulding William D. , Gordon Bruce , Hindman Toni
Published: May 2007

Computerized data management technology for clinical decision making is a key to optimizing the performance of programs serving the most severely disabled and treatment‐resistant patients.
Background on the oregon health plan
Authors: Penner Norman R. , McFarland Bentson H.
Published: May 2007

Because of limited resources, the health care industry has been forced to choose how funds are spent. Public fee‐for‐ service systems have begun to face the hard choices inherent in managed care. The Oregon Health Plan was designed to provide a rational approach to addressing these changes directly.
John Kitzhaber and the Oregon Health Plan
Authors: Lunch William M.
Published: May 2007

The Oregon Health Plan could not have developed into its current form without strong leadership. Criticism, which has shifted from the political left to the right, has been a constant companion, making integration of mental health services more precarious.
State goals for mental health services
Authors: Kast Barry S. , Goetz Rupert R.
Published: May 2007

As Oregon moved its Medicaid services into the managed care plan, mental health goals were similar to those on the physical health side‐cost control, expansion of services, and increased flexibility.
Integrating mental health into the Oregon Health Plan
Authors: Penner Norman R. , Lynch Frances L.
Published: May 2007

Public mental health has long struggled to be accepted as a part of health care. Its interface with social services and its broad spectrum of professionals make a clear definition of public mental health's boundaries difficult, fueling policymakers' skepticism about such acceptance. The Oregon Health Plan was the result of a process that explicitly included mental health but recognized that the tools for doing so need to be carefully developed.
Psychotherapeutic strategies for coping with HIV infection
Authors: Zilber Claire
Published: May 2007

Psychotherapy promotes adaptation to the medical, neuropsychiatric, and psychosocial challenges faced by people with HIV infection. This chapter describes a range of individual and group psychotherapy techniques with demonstrated efficacy in this population.
Some further thoughts on adjustment, coping, and bereavement
Authors: Wimmer Dottie Ward , Hackler Jennifer M.
Published: May 2007

Adjusting to and coping with HIV‐AIDS is a difficult task. This chapter describes some of the issues surrounding being diagnosed HIV positive, living with HIV, and progressing to AIDS. It also explores bereavement reactions that relatives and friends can experience in dealing with illness and death due to HIV.
Substance abuse and HIV infection
Authors: Ferrando Stephen J. , Batki Steven L.
Published: May 2007

This chapter reviews the associations between substance use, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and HIV risk behaviors; the prevalence of substance use disorders among HIV‐positive individuals in treatment settings; the medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse treatment of individuals with substance use disorders and HIV infection; and finally, HIV risk reduction among substance abusers.
Preventing HIV infection through sexual‐behavior change
Authors: Carey Michael P.
Published: May 2007

This chapter provides a brief overview of the state‐of‐the‐science regarding empirically tested HIV prevention programs that focus on sexual behavior change. Interventions developed for use with individuals, small groups, schools, communities, and entire populations are reviewed.
Adherence to treatment
Authors: Wainberg Milton L. , Cournos Francine
Published: May 2007

Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the issue of strict adherence has become increasingly important. This chapter examines how the mental health provider can employ a multimodal approach to promoting patient adherence, which increases the chances of success.
A program for families and children affected by HIV
Authors: Draimin Barbara
Published: May 2007

HIV affects not only the individual who contracts the disease but also members of that person's family. The Family Center specializes in providing services to help parents and children deal effectively with the demands of the illness and to ensure that the children are cared for after the parent's death.
On giving up on the mental health system
Authors: Johnson Dale L.
Published: May 2007

This chapter describes how the author; who at the time was a practicing psychologist, became personally involved in advocacy for persons with mental illness. He also gives an overview of the activities of several organizations that are, or should be, advocating for this vulnerable population. He describes several specific programs that he sees as exemplary. Finally, the author argues for an approach for improving care, which he feels family and consumer advocates can be particularly effective in implementing.
Relapse prevention in serious mental illness
Authors: Walling David P. , Marsh Diane T.
Published: May 2007

The current emphasis on relapse prevention in serious mental illness offers psychologists new opportunities and roles for which they are uniquely suited.
A psychological view of people with serious mental illness
Authors: Coursey Robert D. , Gearon Jean , Bradmiller Mary A. , Ritsher Jennifer , Keller Andy , Selby Peter
Published: May 2007

Focusing on a variety of relevant psychological theories, this chapter addresses important elements in the recovery process for people with serious mental disabilities.
My transforming peak experience was diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Siebert Al
Published: May 2007

A clinical psychologist reveals how a breakthrough, transformational experience was perceived as a schizophrenic breakdown and led to his being placed on the back ward of a VA psychiatric hospital.
A century and a half of psychiatric rehabilitation in the united states
Authors: Lamb H. Richard
Published: May 2007

After a brief history, this chapter describes important modalities and models of psychiatric rehabilitation.
Zur Stabilität von Folgereglern mit nichtlinearer Beziehung zwischen Führungsgröße und Regelgröße
Authors: Pfeiffer Alfred
Published: May 2007

Es wird eine allgemeine Bedingung formuliert und eine Vorschrift zur Bildung des Fehlersignals gegeben, bei deren Einhaltung Folgeregler mit nahezu beliebiger nichtlinearer Beziehung zwischen Führungsgröße und Regelgröße eine im ganzen Arbeitsbereich gleichmäßige Stabilität erhalten. Ferner wird eine vergleichsweise einfache Berechnungsmethode für die Reaktion des Reglers auf Änderungen der Führungsgröße von beliebiger endlicher Amplitude angegeben.
Fehlerabschätzung für das Ritz‐Galerkinsche Verfahren bei Eigenwertproblemen
Authors: Bertram G.
Published: May 2007

Auswertung und Verbesserung der im I. Teil der Arbeit gewonnenen unteren Eigenwertschranken beim Ritz‐Galerkinschen Verfahren für spezielle Klassen gewöhnlicher Eigenwertprobleme. Numerische Beispiele.
Numerisch stabile Interpolationsformeln mit günstiger Fehlerfortpflanzung für Differentialgleichungen erster und zweiter Ordnung
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin
Published: May 2007

Für Differentialgleichungen erster und zweiter Ordnung wird ein die Fehlerfortpflanzung charakterisierender Parameter angegeben. Es werden numerisch stabile Interpolationsformeln günstigster Fehlerfortpflanzung für eine verschiedene Anzahl von rückwärtigen Stützstellen mitgeteilt.
Integration von Anfangsrandwertaufgaben mit dem Trefftzschen Verfahren
Authors: Kneschke A.
Published: May 2007

Es wird das einer linearen inhomogenen Anfangsrandwertaufgabe äquivalente Variationsproblem aufgestellt, für das die variierten Funktionen außer den Differenzierbarkeitseigenschaften keine weiteren Bedingungen an der Oberfläche des Integrationsbereiches und zur Anfangszeit t = 0 zu erfüllen brauchen. Die Integration wird mittels des Verfahrens der partikulären Lösungen von E. Trefftz durchgeführt und am Beispiel der transversal schwingenden, elastisch gelagerten Saite erläutert.
Wärmespannungen bei zufallsabhängiger Oberflächentemperatur
Authors: Parkus H.
Published: May 2007

Für den elastischen und linear viskoelastischen Körper, dessen Oberflächentemperatur zufallsabhängig ist, werden mit Hilfe der Laplacetransformation einige grundsätzliche Beziehungen hergeleitet. Anwendungen auf den Halbraum und auf den unendlich langen Kreiszylinder werden gegeben.
Unendliche Scheiben mit Loch
Authors: Weber C.
Published: May 2007

Es werden unendliche Scheiben mit einem Loch von verschiedener Gestalt bei allseitigem Zug oder bei „Wechselspannung”︁ (s. III) im Unendlichen behandelt. Von N. J. Muskhelishvili stammt ein ausgezeichnetes Verfahren, das unter anderem zur Lösung dieser Probleme verwandt werden kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Berechnung nach diesem Verfahren vereinfacht.
Zur Fehlerfortpflanzung einiger Interpolationsformeln für Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin
Published: May 2007

Für Interpolationsformeln zur numerischen Integration von y″  f(x,y) werden einfache Extrapolationsformeln zur laufenden Ermittlung des fortgepflanzten Abbruchfehlers angegeben. Für die Interpolationsformeln von Milne und Gauß wird die Brauchbarkeit dieser Fehlerformeln durch Beispiele belegt.

Die Fehlerformeln werden auf Interpolationsformeln für y″  f(x,y,y′) ausgedehnt. Die Interpolationsformeln von Milne und Gauß werden durch neue Formeln für y′ so ergänzt, daß die kombinierten Formeln für die Integration von y″  f(x,y,y′) den gleichen günstigen Fehlerparameter E besitzen wie die ersteren Formeln für y″  f(x,y). Beispiele illustrieren die Genauigkeit der Fehlerformeln auch für diese neuen Interpolationsformeln.
Shock Waves and Abel's Differential Equation
Authors: Manz Bruno
Published: May 2007

It ist shown that the ordinary non‐linear second order differential equation of the phenomenological theory of the one‐dimensional steady shock wave in heat conducting viscous gases can be transformed into the Abelian differential equation of the second class. Among the known special solutions of Abel's equation is one applicable to the shock wave and leads to a hitherto unknown closed form solution.
Die elastische Biegung des Balkens bei großer Verformung
Authors: Vocke Wolfgang
Published: May 2007

Der elastisch stark verformte Balken führt bei Berücksichtigung der Querschnittsänderung infolge Zug, Biegung und Querkraft auf eine Differntialgleichung der elastischen Linie, die im allgemeinen nicht in geschlossener Form lösbar ist. Indem man jeweils die ersten Glieder der Querschnittsänderung berücksichtigt, lassen sich Beispiele zeigen, die auf geschlossene Lösungen führen.
On the Asymptotic Behaviour of Solutions of a Differential Equation in Boundary Layer Theory
Authors: Hartman Philip
Published: May 2007

The asymptotic behavior, as t → ∞, of solutions of the singular boundary value problem u′′ + u u′ + λ (1 − u′2) = 0, u′ (0) = α, u′ (0) = β and u′ (∞) = 1, subject to 0 < u′(t) < 1 for 0 < t < ∞, is discussed. It is shown that if λ ≥ 0 and if the solution u exists, then (1)
equation image
.

If λ < 0 and if a solution exists, then there is a unique one satisfying (1) while the other (if any) satisfy (2)
equation image
.
Die zweite harmonische Näherung für Differentialgleichungen höherer Ordnung mit einer kubischen Nichtlinearität
Authors: Sagirow P.
Published: May 2007

Für Differentialgleichungen beliebiger endlicher Ordnung mit kubischer Nichtlinearität wird ohne zusätzliche Vernachlässigungen eine zweite harmonische Näherung der periodischen Lösung bestimmt. Für Differentialgleichungen dritter Ordnung wird ein Diagramm angegeben, dem man die Frequenz in zweiter Näherung entnehmen kann.
Optimale Fehlerschranken für die Quadraturformel von Gregory
Authors: Martensen E.
Published: May 2007

Bei der üblichen Herleitung der Quadraturformel von Gregory aus der Euler‐MacLaurinschen Summenformel entsteht ein verhältnismäßig kompliziertes und daher für die Praxis unbequemes Restglied. Hier werden Restglieddarstellungen angegeben, die nicht nur von einfacherer Bauart sind, sondern vor allem die bisherigen Fehlerschranken zu verbessern gestatten. Für den Fall, daß die letzte berücksichtigte Differenz von gerader Ordnung ist, wird ferner gezeigt, daß eine weitere Verbesserung nicht mehr möglich ist; im Falle ungerade Ordnung gilt dies für den wesentlichen, d. h. schwächer mit der Schrittweite gegen Null konvergierenden Teil der Restgliedabschätzung.
Funktionentheoretische Behandlung von Randwertaufgaben bei partiellen linearen Differentialgleichungen vierter Ordnung
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: May 2007

Die Lösungen der zur vorliegenden partiellen Differentialgleichung mit konstanten Koeffizienten gehörenden charakteristischen Gleichung werden in geschlossener Form als Funktion der Lage der Orthotropie bestimmt. Dies ist Anlaß zu zwei affinen Abbildungen, die das ursprüngliche Rechteckinnere jeweils in das Innere eines Parallelogramms überführen, das seinerseits umkehrbar eindeutig und konform auf das Innere des Einheitskreises abgebildet wird. Die hierdurch induzierte Randabbildung der erhaltenen beiden Kreise aufeinander regelt die Koppelung der Randbedingungen zweier holomorpher Funktionen, die das Randwert‐problem lösen und durch Potenzreihenentwicklungen in den Kreisen bestimmt werden können.
Über die Existenz kybernetischer Teilsysteme
Authors: Kämmerer W.
Published: May 2007

Ein abgeschlossenes dynamisches System ist durch eindeutige Abbildung der endlichen Menge seiner diskreten, inneren Zustände auf sich selbst definiert. Ein offenes dynamisches System wird entsprechend durch eindeutige Abbildung der Produktmenge aus der Menge seiner inneren Zustände und der Menge der äußeren Zustände (Eingänge) in die Menge seiner inneren Zustände erklärt

Der Begriff des offenen dynamischen Systems ist wesentlich gleich dem des „endlichen Automaten”︁. Beim „endlichen Automaten”︁ spielt noch die Menge der Ausgangswerte und eine weitere Abbildung ein, wobei man stets durch entsprechende Erweiterung der Menge der inneren Zustände erreichen kann daß diese Abbildung sich auf die Abbildung der Menge allein der inneren Zustände auf die Ausgangsmenge reduziert. Bei den vorliegenden Betrachtungen kommen als Ausgang nur Steuerungen vor, d. h. Abbildungen der Menge der inneren zustände eines Systems auf die Menge der äußeren Zustände eines anderen.

.

Es wird die Bedingung dafür aufgestellt, daß ein vorgelegtes offenes System als Teilsystem eines gegebenen abgeschlossenen Systems angesehen werden kann. Für den Fall, daß diese Bedingung erfüllt ist, läßt sich ein ergänzendes offenes System so konstruieren, daß eine Verkopplung beider offenen Systeme dem abgeschlossenen System isomorph ist.
Torsion and Flexure of Composite Viscoelastic Cylinders
Authors: Ramakanth J.
Published: May 2007

The problems of torsion and flexure of linear viscoelastic cylinders are considered by using Laplace transforms and extending the method proposed by Muskhelisvili [1]. Solution is obtained when the materials in the cross‐section have two confocal ellipses for their boundaries.
Some Reducible Magnetogasdynamic Flows
Authors: Power G. , Walker D.
Published: May 2007

Certain steady, rotational, three‐dimensional, compressible flows of a gas with infinite electrical conductivity are considered. It is shown that these magnetogasdynamic flows can be linked to associated two‐dimensional gasdynamic flows with zero magnetic field which in turn are linked by reciprocal relations to four‐parameter classes of rotational gas flows. Simple examples are given showing the relation between the magnetogasdynamic and the associated two‐dimensional gasdynamic flows.
Der Dipolfaden im Außenraum eines Zylinders
Authors: Feindt E.‐G.
Published: May 2007

Es wird die Strömung berechnet, die ein Dipolfaden im Außenraum eines Zylinders induziert. Mit Hilfe dieser Grundlösung können die bekannten Traglinien‐ und Tragflächentheorien auf Flügel‐Rumpf‐Anordnungen übertragen werden.
Berechnung der Feldstärke in stromdurchflossenen Rechtecken bei Kontaktanordnungen mit Symmetriecharakter
Authors: Wilhelm W. E.
Published: May 2007

Das Potential‐ und Stromlinienfeld in Rechtecken mit zwei auf dem Rande symmetrisch bzw. antisymmetrisch angeordneten Äquipotentialkontakten wird durch eine konforme Abbildung auf die obere Halbebene bzw. auf das Innere des Einheitskreises und nachfolgende konforme Abbildung auf ein anderes Rechteck gewonnen, wobei je zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten mit den Kontakten bzw. den kontaktfreien Teilen des Randes korrespondieren. Abbildungsfunktion, komplexes Potential und Feldstärke werden explizit angegeben.
Zur Entstehung und Berechnung der Gußspannungen
Authors: Rieder G.
Published: May 2007

Die bei der Erstarrung aus der Schmelze auftretenden Eigenspannungen werden unter vereinfachenden Annahmen untersucht. Nach einer kurzen Übersicht über die bisher bekannten Ergebnisse zum Temperaturverlauf bei der Erstarrung wird eine allgemeine Theorie für den Fall entwickelt, daß nach der Erstarrung keine plastischen oder viskosen Formänderungen auftreten. Als Beispiel werden die Gußspannungen in einer biegebehinderten Platte berechnet. Das Ergebnis stimmt zwar qualitativ mit der Erfahrung überein; die Druckspannung auf der zuerst erstarrten Seite wird jedoch logarithmisch unendlich. Diese Singularität wird auch nicht beseitigt, wenn man die Biegeverformung der Platte freigibt oder viskoelastische Formänderungen zuläßt. Erst bei einer elastisch‐plastischen Platte bleiben die Gußspannungen beschränkt.