bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe symptomatic hyperparathyroidism—Is it carcinoma?—Case report and literature review
Authors: Pereira Catarina A. , Garrido Susana , Amaral Cláudia , Lima Olinda , Cardoso Helena
Published: June 2020

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disease, difficult to diagnose and associated with a poor prognosis. It must be suspected preoperatively, based on clinical and imaging grounds, in order to perform the best surgical option and avoid compromising patient's prognosis.
Identification of a novel homozygous variant in the alkaline phosphate (ALPL) gene associated with hypophosphatasia
Authors: Bisgin Atil , Boga Ibrahim , Cetin Cihan , Buyukkurt Selim
Published: June 2020

The lack of awareness of patient risk factors, failure to obtain adequate family history, was discussed by clinical experience in prenatal testing of hypophosphatasia with a novel variant in the ALPL gene identified in the index case of the family.
Atropisomeric Effects of Second Coordination Spheres on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Williams Caroline K. , Lashgari Amir , Tomb Jenny A. , Chai Jingchao , Jiang Jianbing Jimmy
Published: June 2020

Control of the second coordination spheres of molecular catalytic systems has enhanced the catalytic efficiencies and facilitated the elucidation of catalytic mechanisms. Herein, we present the evaluation of stereoisomeric effects of a set of metal redox‐innocent zinc porphyrin complexes on CO2 reduction, including complexes containing four (ZnP4T) and one (ZnP1T) triazole units, and two atropisomers with two triazole units positioned at the same (ZnP2T‐αα) and different (ZnP2T‐αβ) sides of the zinc porphyrin framework. Kinetic study and foot‐of‐the‐wave analysis indicated that complexes with more than one triazole unit on the same side of the porphyrin framework (ZnP4T and ZnP2T‐αα) display at least double maximum turnover frequency than the counterparts with a single triazole unit on the same side (ZnP1T and ZnP2T‐αβ). These results suggest the formation of a hydrogen‐bonding network in the second coordination sphere that facilitates proton transfer from the hydrophilic network to the catalyst‐CO2 intermediate.
Enantioselective LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of cloperastine enantiomers in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic application
Authors: Lun Jia , Zhao Pengfei , Jiang Zhen , Song Yongbo , Guo Xingjie
Published: June 2020

Cloperastine is a central antitussive used to reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing on a short‐term basis. In this study, a reliable chiral LC‐MS/MS technology has been developed for the quantification of cloperastine enantiomers in the rat plasma. Carbinoxamine was selected as the internal standard. The enantioseparation of cloperastine was performed on a Chiralpak IA column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile‐water‐ammonium hydroxide (80:20:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Cloperastine enantiomers were detected by mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode with a positive electrospray ionization source. The method was validated over the linear concentration range of 0.05 to 10.0 ng/mL (5.0 × 10−4 ng to 0.10 ng) for both enantiomers. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for each analyte was determined as 0.05 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intraday and interday precision was less than 13.9%, and the relative error (RE) of accuracy ranged from −5.4% to 6.1%, which were within the acceptance criteria. Finally, an application to the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of cloperastine in rats was successfully realized in our assay. The developed method on a commercially available Chiralpak IA column under isocratic mobile phase is advantageous to analyze cloperastine enantiomers in plasma samples collected for enantioselective metabolism or drug interaction studies.
Titelstory: Feststoffmischen
Authors: Prill Sebastian
Published: June 2020

Die Weiterentwicklung von Verarbeitungsverfahren und ‐apparaten wird von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst, wie Kapazitätsausweitungen, Kostenoptimierungen oder immer genauerer und umfangreicher Messtechnik. Als Lieferant von Lösungen basierend auf der R
Kleine Schlagelemente, große Wirkung
Authors: Anlauf Thomas , Berdychowski Robert , Fuchs Tobias
Published: June 2020

Die neueste Weiterentwicklung bei den ACM Sichtermühlen von Hosokawa Alpine sind Schlagelemente mit dem markanten Namen E3 Beater. E3 steht für economical and energy efficient grinding. Sie sorgen für eine höhere Durchsatzrate in der Pulverlackindustrie. Bei der Schweizer Firma Karl Bubenhofer bestanden diese E3 Beater ihren ersten Praxiseinsatz.
Sieben mit Ultraschal
Authors: Sutter Reto , Reiff Ellen‐Christine
Published: June 2020

Das Sieben von Pulvern ist in vielen Branchen ein wichtiger Prozessschritt, nicht nur um Fremdstoffe zu entfernen, sondern auch um eine homogene Korngröße zu erzielen. Deshalb wird überall gesiebt, wo pulverförmige Stoffe hergestellt oder verarbeitet werd
Mischen von Feststoffen
Authors: Huber Doris
Published: June 2020

Der Doppelwellenmischer GMS von Gericke ist dank neuer Optionen und Funktionalitäten noch vielseitiger.
Titanische Schwefelrückgewinnung
Authors: Nathan Senthil , Projektleiter  ,   Lewa Nikkiso Middle East
Published: June 2020

Für den Betreiber einer Schwefelrückgewinnungsanlage in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten stellte Lewa Nikkiso Middle East 13 Chemical Injection Packages bereit. Eines davon war für das Pumpen einer Natriumhypochlorit‐Lösung bei einer Temperatur von 85
Pflichtenmanagement für Chemieanlagen
Authors: Karsten Kuno
Published: June 2020

Führungskräfte haften für Versäumnisse bei den Betreiberpflichten. Voraussetzung für eine effiziente Erfüllung ist jedoch, dass man in der Lage ist, alle betrieblich relevanten Vorschriften zu erkennen und ihre Einhaltung sicherzustellen. Viele operative
Introducing the concept of concentration by quantitative analyzes with smartphones or tablets – an example of scientific‐propaedeutic work in the SEK I
Authors: Czubatinski Lars , Hornung Gabriele , Nieß Carola
Published: June 2020

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine digital unterstützte und praxiserprobte Unterrichtseinheit zur Einführung des Konzentrationsbegriffs in der Sekundarstufe 1 (8. oder 9. Klasse) vorgestellt. Anknüpfend an sensorische Erfahrungen aus dem Alltag wird ein wissenschaftspropädeutischer und gleichzeitig alltagsrelevanter Weg beschritten, um die Massenkonzentration eines Azofarbstoffes in einem Fruchtsirup zu bestimmen. Zur Problemlösung wird sich der Methode „Smartphotometer“ bedient, welche quantitative Konzentrationsbestimmungen mittels Smartphones oder Tablets erlaubt. Die hier vorgestellte zweiteilige Unterrichtssequenz zur Einführung des Konzentrationsbegriffs macht deutlich, dass über die photometrische Konzentrationsbestimmung mit dem Smartphone unter entsprechender didaktischer Aufarbeitung ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis für quantitative Größen generiert werden kann. Die für die Unterrichtseinheit konzipierten Arbeitsblätter sowie ein tabellarisch dargestellter Stundenverlaufsplan sind online verfügbar.
Peptidyl Vinyl Ketone Irreversible Inhibitors of Rhodesain: Modifications of the P2 Fragment
Authors: Maiorana Santina , Ettari Roberta , Previti Santo , Amendola Giorgio , Wagner Annika , Cosconati Sandro , Hellmich Ute A. , Schirmeister Tanja , Zappalà Maria
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we report the design, synthesis and biological investigation of a series of peptidyl vinyl ketones obtained by modifying the P2 fragment of previously reported highly potent inhibitors of rhodesain, the main cysteine protease of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Investigation of the structure–activity relationship led us to identify new rhodesain inhibitors endowed with an improved selectivity profile (a selectivity index of up to 22 000 towards the target enzyme), and/or an improved antitrypanosomal activity in the sub‐micromolar range.
Effects of Oxycodone Combined With Flurbiprofen Axetil on Postoperative Analgesia and Immune Function in Patients Undergoing Radical Resection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wan Zhengzuo , Chu Chunhua , Zhou Rong , Que Bin
Published: June 2020

The influence of surgery and anesthesia on immune function during the perioperative period should not be neglected. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oxycodone combined with flurbiprofen axetil on postoperative analgesia and immune function in patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). One hundred and thirty‐three were randomized into the oxycodone combined with flurbiprofen axetil (OF) group or the sufentanil combined with flurbiprofen axetil (SF) group. Patients in the OF group were prescribed oxycodone hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg combined with flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg for postoperative analgesia, whereas the SF group received sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg combined with flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg. The primary outcome was visual analog scale (VAS) score. Secondary outcomes included the quantities of CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer (NK) T cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α level, and interleukin (IL)‐6 in peripheral blood, the consumption of analgesics, and the incidence of adverse reactions, and so forth. The VAS scores at rest were similar in both group. However, the VAS scores at cough in the OF group at 8, 12, and 24 hours postsurgery were lower than those in the SF group. Compared with the SF group, the count of CD4+ T cells and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were higher in the OF group at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postsurgery, although the count of CD8+ and NK T cells was higher than that in the SF group at 48 and 72 hours postsurgery. In addition, the serum level of TNF‐α and IL‐6 at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postsurgery in the OF group was lower than that in the SF group. In addition, the incidence of postoperative nausea, postoperative vomiting, and pruritus was lower, the time to first flatus and bowel movement was earlier in the OF group. Oxycodone combined with flurbiprofen axetil applied for patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia could effectively reduce pain intensity, particularly for visceral pain, and help to reverse the status of immunosuppression during radical resection of CRC.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Two Formulations of Pegylated Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Healthy Chinese Subjects: An Open‐Label, Randomized, Parallel‐Design Bioavailability Study
Authors: Hu Chaoying , Ji Bingxin , Hu Xiao , Yang Cuicui , Sun Wanling , Zhao Xiaowei , Li Lin , Li Xiaoying , Zhang Lan
Published: June 2020

Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (PEG‐rhG‐CSF, pegfilgrastim) is a long‐acting derivative of recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with limited renal clearance and a longer half‐life. It is used for the prevention of febrile neutropenia, owing to its capacity to promote neutrophil recovery. In this study, the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity of 2 formulations of PEG‐rhG‐CSF were evaluated in healthy Chinese subjects. Twenty‐four male subjects who received a single dose of subcutaneous PEG‐rhG‐CSF 100 µg/kg were randomized to either treatment A (3 mg/mL) or treatment B (1 mg/mL). Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters of PEG‐rhG‐CSF were derived from serum concentration‐time data. In addition, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) as a pharmacodynamic maker, immunogenicity through antidrug antibody testing, and safety were evaluated. The mean area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t) and the mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of PEG‐rhG‐CSF after treatment A were 5070 ng·h/mL and 125 ng/mL, respectively; these values were comparable to those measured after treatment B (5340 ng·h/mL and 123 ng/mL, respectively). The mean value of area under the △ANC (baseline‐adjusted ANC)‐time curve and the maximum △ANC values were 4380 × 109 h/L and 33.1 × 109/L, respectively, in the treatment A group, and 5170 × 109 h/L and 38.6 × 109/L, respectively, in the treatment B group. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were similar for the 2 PEG‐rhG‐CSF formulations following a single dose of 100 µg/kg. The safety and immunogenicity profiles were also similar, with no significant differences. The dose adjustment of PEG‐rhG‐CSF was not considered necessary for formulation transformation.
Illuminating Cellular Biochemistry: Fluorogenic Chemogenetic Biosensors for Biological Imaging
Authors: Broch Fanny , Gautier Arnaud
Published: June 2020

Cellular activity is defined by the precise spatiotemporal regulation of various components, such as ions, small molecules, or proteins. Studying cell physiology consequently requires the optical recording of these processes, notably by using fluorescent biosensors. The recent development of various fluorogenic systems greatly expanded the palette of reporters to be included in these sensors design. Fluorogenic reporters consist of a protein or RNA tag that can complex either an endogenous or a synthetic fluorogenic dye (so‐called fluorogen). The intrinsic nature of these tags, along with the high tunability of their cognate chromophore provide interesting features such as far‐red to near‐infrared emission, oxygen independence, or unprecedented color versatility. These engineered photoreceptors, self‐labelling proteins, or noncovalent aptamers and protein tags were rapidly identified as promising reporters to observe biological events. This Minireview focuses on the new perspectives they offer to design unique and innovative biosensors, thus pushing the boundaries of cellular imaging.
Electron Irradiation Induced Multistage Martensitic Transformation in Ti‐Rich Ti−Ni Alloy
Authors: Zhao Yundong , Ning Rui , Gao Zhiyong , Wang Haizhen , Cai Wei
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the microstructure and martensitic transformation of titanium−nickel (Ti−Ni) alloys under electron irradiation. There is no observable change of the microstructure after irradiation. Abnormal multistage martensitic transformations are observed in Ti‐rich Ti‐48 at % Ni alloys after electron irradiation. The three‐stage reverse martensitic transformation can be achieved in the irradiated alloy, while unirradiated counterpart displays normal one‐stage transformation during heating processes. The abnormal reverse martensitic transformation behavior caused by electron irradiation is due to the local stress field and the excessive defect concentration. The martensitic transformation behavior and temperature after annealing at 250 °C are consistent with the unirradiated counterpart. Additionally, the irradiated alloy exhibits superior thermal cycle stability to unirradiated samples.
Application of a non‐target variable data independent workflow (vDIA) for the screening of prohibited substances in doping control testing
Authors: Leung David K.K. , Wong April S.Y. , Zhou Q.L. , Wan Terence S.M. , Ho Emmie N.M.
Published: June 2020

A non‐target variable Data Independent Acquisition (vDIA) workflow based on accurate mass measurements using a Q Exactive OrbiTrap is presented for the first time for equine doping control testing. The vDIA workflow uses a combination of MS1 events (1 to 2) and multiple vDIA events to cover the analytes of interest. The workflow basically captures a digital image of a sample allowing all relevant MS1 and MS2 data to be recorded. In theory, the workflow can accommodate an unlimited number of analytes as long as they are amenable to the sample extraction protocol and fall within the mass limits of the workflow. Additional targets fulfilling the above requirements can be added without changing any settings. The performance of the vDIA workflow was illustrated by applying it to two screening methods in horse urine, with one workflow covering 331 basic drugs and the other covering 45 quaternary ammonium drugs (QADs). Both screening methods have good detection sensitivity with 84% of the basic drugs having Limits of Detection (LoDs) of ≤ 1 ng/mL and 84% of the QADs having LoDs of ≤ 0.4 ng/mL. Other method characteristics including retention reproducibility, method precision and false hit rate will also be presented.
Impact of fire and harvest on forest ecosystem services in a species‐rich area in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Ling Pui‐Yu , Prince Stephen , Baiocchi Giovanni , Dymond Caren , Xi Weimin , Hurtt George
Published: June 2020

To mitigate and adapt to climate change, forest carbon sequestration and diversity of the ecosystem must be included in forest management planning, while satisfying the demand for wood products. The future provisions of ecosystem services under six realistic management scenarios were assessed to achieve that goal. These services were carbon sequestration, types and quantities of roundwood harvested, and different indicators of forest health—biomass of major species, species diversity, and variation of tree age. A spatially explicit forest succession model was combined with statistical analyses to conduct the assessment at the level of both the whole forest landscape and different ecological zones (ecozones) within. An important aspect of this study was to explore the effects of the biophysical heterogeneity of different ecological zones on the outcomes of different management scenarios. The study area was located in an area of the southern Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina with high tree diversity and active forest management activities. Along with a range of management practices, such richness in diversity allowed us to examine the complexity of the interaction between management activities and species competition. The results showed that fire suppression had a greater effect on increasing biomass carbon sequestration than any management scenario that involves harvest and replanting afterward, but at the expense of other indicators of forest health. The effect of fire on species composition was the largest in the xeric parts of the study area. Based on the study results, it was proposed that a low harvest intensity with a mix of fire and fire suppression across the landscape would best balance the need for roundwood products, biomass carbon sequestration, and desirable species composition. This study also demonstrated that the combination of a spatially explicit forest succession model and statistical analyses could be used to provide a robust and quantifiable projection of ecosystem service provisions and possible trade‐offs under different management scenarios.
Big data–model integration and AI for vector‐borne disease prediction
Authors: Peters Debra P. C. , McVey D. Scott , Elias Emile H. , Pelzel‐McCluskey Angela M. , Derner Justin D. , Burruss N. Dylan , Schrader T. Scott , Yao Jin , Pauszek Steven J. , Lombard Jason , Rodriguez Luis L.
Published: June 2020

Predicting the drivers of incursion and expansion of vector‐borne diseases as part of early‐warning strategies (EWS) is a major challenge for geographically extensive diseases where spread is mediated by spatial heterogeneity in climate and other environmental drivers. Geospatial data on these environmental drivers are increasingly available affording opportunities for application to a predictive disease ecology paradigm provided the data can be synthesized and harmonized with fine‐scale, highly resolved data on vector and host responses to their environment. Here, we apply a multi‐scale big data–model integration approach using human‐guided machine learning to objectively evaluate the importance of a large suite of spatially distributed environmental variables (>400) to develop EWS for vesicular stomatitis (VS), a common viral vector‐borne vesicular disease affecting livestock throughout the Americas. Two temporally and phylogenetically distinct events were used to develop disease occurrence–environment relationships in incursion (2004) and expansion years (2005), and then to test those relationships (2014, 2015) at two scales: (1) local and (2) landscape to regional. Our results show that VS occurrence at a local scale of individual landowners was related to conditions that can be monitored (rainfall, temperatures, streamflow) or modified (vegetation). On‐site green vegetation during the month of occurrence and higher rainfall four months prior combined with either cool daytime (expansion) or nighttime (incursion) temperatures one month prior were indicators of VS occurrence. Distance to running water (incursion) and host density based on neighboring ranches (expansion) with infected animals were also important in individual years. At landscape‐to‐regional scales, conditions that favor specific VSV biological vectors were indicated, either black flies in incursion years or biting midges in expansion years. Changes in viral genetic lineage were less important to patterns in VS occurrence than factors affecting the host–vector–environment interactions. In combination with our onset map based on latitude, elevation, and long‐term annual precipitation, this year‐ and scale‐specific information can be used to develop strategies to minimize effects of future VS events. This big data approach coupled with expert knowledge and machine learning can be applied to other emerging diseases for improvement in understanding, prediction, and management of vector‐borne diseases.
Fish predation on a landscape scale
Authors: Michel Cyril J. , Henderson Mark J. , Loomis Christopher M. , Smith Joseph M. , Demetras Nicholas J. , Iglesias Ilysa S. , Lehman Brendan M. , Huff David D.
Published: June 2020

Predator–prey dynamics can have landscape‐level impacts on ecosystems, and yet, spatial patterns and environmental predictors of predator–prey dynamics are often investigated at discrete locations, limiting our understanding of the broader impacts. At these broader scales, landscapes often contain multiple complex and heterogeneous habitats, requiring a spatially representative sampling design. This challenge is especially pronounced in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, where managers require information on the landscape‐scale impacts of non‐native fish predators on multiple imperiled native prey fish populations. We quantified relative predation risk in the southern half of the Delta (South Delta) in 2017 using floating baited tethers that record the exact time and location of predation events. We selected 20 study sites using a generalized random tessellation stratified survey design, which allowed us to infer relationships between key environmental covariates and predation across a broader spatial scale than previous studies. Covariates included distance‐to‐nearest predators, water temperature, turbidity, depth, bottom slope, bottom roughness, water velocity, and distance‐to‐nearest riverbank and nearest aquatic vegetation bed. Model selection determined the covariates that best predicted relative predation risk: water temperature, time of day, mean predator distance, and river bottom roughness. Using this model, we estimated predation risk for the South Delta landscape at a 1‐day and 1‐km resolution. This effort identified hot spots of predation risk and allowed us to generate predicted survival for migrating fish transiting the South Delta. This methodology can be applied to other systems to evaluate spatio‐temporal dynamics in predation risk, and their biotic and abiotic predictors.
Mixed transmission modes promote persistence of an emerging tick‐borne pathogen
Authors: Sambado Samantha , Salomon Jordan , Crews Arielle , Swei Andrea
Published: June 2020

Pathogens utilize different modes of transmission to maximize transmission success. In vector‐borne disease systems, both vertical and horizontal modes of transmission are common, but the relative contribution of these modes is not well understood but may be determined by host genetics, physiology, or environmental conditions. This study focuses on an emerging tick‐borne relapsing fever pathogen, Borrelia miyamotoi, that can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. The enzootic cycle of this pathogen has not been described in the western USA where it was recently found in the tick species, Ixodes pacificus. Our field surveys found that all three life stages of I. pacificus carry the pathogen, and therefore, all stages pose some level of disease risk to humans. The prevalence of infection increases with each life stage suggesting that horizontal transmission is important in the persistence of this pathogen in the enzootic cycle. In support of this finding, we found that small mammal hosts that are frequently parasitized by juvenile stages of I. pacificus were infected with B. miyamotoi and may therefore function as a source of horizontal transmission and enzootic maintenance of this disease. Our data show that in the western USA B. miyamotoi is maintained in natural populations by both transovarial transmission and transmission from blood meal hosts and that synchronous phenology of juvenile stages of I. pacificus may facilitate the transmission dynamics of B. miyamotoi and other vertically transmitted, vector‐borne pathogens.
Fatality rates and use of systemic thrombolysis in pregnant women with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hobohm Lukas , Keller Karsten , Valerio Luca , Ni Ainle Fionnuala , Klok Frederikus A. , Münzel Thomas , Kucher Nils , Lankeit Mareike , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Barco Stefano
Published: June 2020

Aims

Data on the early course and use of systemic thrombolysis in pregnant women with pulmonary embolism associated or not with haemodynamic failure are scarce. We investigated these aspects using the information from the German Nationwide Inpatient Registry (years 2005–2016).

Methods and results

In Germany, all diagnoses referring to hospitalized patients are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision with German Modification. We analysed data of pregnant women aged 18–50 years for whom the following diagnoses were recorded during hospitalization: (i) pulmonary embolism (I26) during pregnancy or peripartum (O09) or (ii) obstetric thromboembolism (O88.2). Haemodynamic failure at any time during the in‐hospital stay was defined as need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OPS code 8‐77) or the presence of shock (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision with German Modification code R57). The primary study outcome was in‐hospital death. A total of 8 271 327 births were registered in Germany from 2005 to 2016. During this 12 year time period, there were 1846 hospitalizations for pregnancy‐associated pulmonary embolism in patients aged 18–50, corresponding to 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–2.3] cases every 10 000 births and 0.2% of all hospitalizations for pulmonary embolism in Germany. The median age was 31 years, and the median length of hospitalization was 8 days. A total of 63 deaths were reported, corresponding to an overall in‐hospital fatality rate of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.7–4.4) and a pulmonary embolism‐related mortality rate of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6–1.0) per 100 000 (live) births per year. Pulmonary embolism‐related deaths in hospitalized pregnant women represented 14% of all maternal deaths recorded in Germany between 2005 and 2016. A total of 135 (7.3%) women had haemodynamic failure, of whom 51 (37.8%) received systemic thrombolysis and 50 (37.0%) died.

Conclusions

Pulmonary embolism‐related fatality remains substantial in pregnant women with pulmonary embolism and represents a frequent cause of maternal mortality. The use of systemic thrombolysis was reported in one third of pregnant women with pulmonary embolism and haemodynamic failure. Better preventive and management strategies should be urgently implemented in this vulnerable patient group.
Rationale and design of the AUGUST‐AHF Study
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Sun Yang , Zhou Kehua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Chen Ying , Hu Jiayuan , Zhong Changming , Liu Yan , Shang Hongcai
Published: June 2020

Aims

We aim to assess the effect of a lyophilized herbal injection on 90 day mortality and readmission rates in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results

The AUGUST‐AHF study is a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial enrolling 1270 hospitalized patients for AHF. Patients are randomized to receive YiqiFumai lyophilized injection (5.2 g/day) or placebo for 10 days, in addition to standard therapy, using a 1:1 ratio via an interactive web response system. The primary endpoint is the 90 day all‐cause mortality or AHF readmission rates. Secondary endpoints include 180 day all‐cause mortality or heart failure readmission rates, length of hospital stay for the indexed AHF, 90 day cardiac‐specific mortality rate, occurrence of worsening heart failure through Day 10, changes in the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Quality of Life scale score through Day 180, and 90 day major adverse cardiac events. Additional secondary endpoints include change in dyspnoea via visual analogue scale (VAS) and Likert 7‐point comparator scale, N terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide value and New York Heart Association functional class, and the total amount of diuretics for the indexed AHF hospitalization. Study recruitment is expected to be completed by March 2021, and follow‐up will end in September 2021. In an optional sub‐study, patients will be followed up for 3 years.

Conclusions

To our best knowledge, AUGUST‐AHF is the first study assessing the efficacy of a Chinese herbal injection in patients with AHF. The results will be valuable to guide clinicians in using YiqiFumai lyophilized injection, which was included in the latest Chinese Health Insurance Catalog.
Multilayer myocardial strain improves the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Tanacli Radu , Hashemi Djawid , Neye Marthe , Motzkus Laura Astrid , Blum Moritz , Tahirovic Elvis , Dordevic Aleksandar , Kraft Robin , Zamani Seyedeh Mahsa , Pieske Burkert , Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Kelle Sebastian
Published: June 2020

Aims

The diagnostic and treatment of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are both hampered by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Novel imaging tools to adequately identify these patients from individuals with a normal cardiac function and respectively patients with HF with reduced EF are warranted. Computing multilayer myocardial strain with feature tracking is a fast and accurate method to assess cardiac deformation. Our purpose was to assess the HFpEF diagnostic ability of multilayer strain parameters and compare their sensitivity and specificity with other established parameters.

Methods and results

We included 20 patients with a diagnosis of HFpEF and, respectively, 20 matched controls. We assessed using feature‐tracking cardiac magnetic resonance longitudinal and circumferential myocardial strain at three distinct layers of the myocardium: subendocardial (Endo‐), mid‐myocardial (Myo‐), and subepicardial (Epi‐). Comparatively, we additionally assessed various others clinical, imaging, and biochemical parameters with a putative role in HFpEF diagnostic: left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular mass (LVM), interventricular septum (IVS) wall thickness and free wall thickness, left atrial volume and strain, septal and lateral mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e`), E/e´ ratio, and plasma levels of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is significantly impaired at Endo (−20.8 ± 4.0 vs. −23.2 ± 3.4, P = 0.046), Myo‐ (−18.0 ± 3.0 vs. −21.0 ± 2.5, P = 0.002), and Epi‐ (−12.2 ± 2.0 vs. −16.2 ± 2.5, P < 0.001) levels. Compared with any other imaging parameter, an Epi‐GLS lower than 13% shows the highest ability to detect patients with HFpEF [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.90 (0.81–1), P < 0.001] and in tandem with NT‐proBNP can diagnose with maximal sensibility (93%) and specificity (100%), patients with HFpEF from normal, composed variable [AUC = 0.98 (0.95–1), P < 0.001]. In a logistic regression model, a composite predictive variable taking into account both GLS Epi and NT‐proBNP values in each individual subject reached a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 100% with an AUC of 0.98 (0.95–1), P < 0.001, to detect HFpEF.

Conclusions

Epi‐GLS is a promising new imaging parameter to be considered in the clinical assessment of HFpEF patients. Given its excellent specificity, in tandem with a highly sensitive parameter such as NT‐proBNP, Epi‐GLS holds the potential to greatly improve the current diagnostic algorithms.
Electrochemical Synthesis of 5‐Selenouracil Derivatives by Selenylation of Uracils
Authors: Wang Qian , Ma Xian‐Li , Chen Yan‐Yan , Jiang Cai‐Na , Xu Yan‐Li
Published: June 2020

A simple and efficient electrochemical selenylation of uracils in the presence of NH4I for the synthesis of 5‐selenouracils has been developed. This transformation was performed in the transition metal‐free, oxidant‐free, and aerobic conditions, providing a rapid and practical protocol to 5‐selenouracil derivatives.
How do patients with eating disorders perceive and evaluate food portion sizes? A systematic review
Authors: Dörsam Annica Franziska , Mack Isabelle , Kögel Laura , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin Elisabeth
Published: June 2020

Objective

The selection of adequate portion sizes plays a key role in the nutritional treatment of eating disorders (EDs). There is limited knowledge concerning the estimation of portion sizes in individuals with EDs.

Method

We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement to synthesise current evidence in this field. Of N = 584 hits, four full‐texts were included in the qualitative synthesis.

Results

While patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) tend to overestimate the size of energy‐dense food items and small to medium sized meal portions, they do not show a different estimation compared to healthy controls when judging the amount of food pieces. Large portion sizes were associated with increased anxiety in patients with AN.

Discussion

The overestimation of food portion sizes seems to be driven by attitudinal and/or higher cognitive factors associated with AN. Differences between the studies are discussed and suggestions for future studies are given.
Evaluating the performance of topobathymetric LiDAR to support multi‐dimensional flow modelling in a gravel‐bed mountain stream
Authors: Tonina Daniele , McKean James A. , Benjankar Rohan M. , Yager Elowyn , Carmichael Richard A. , Chen Qiuwen , Carpenter Aston , Kelsey Leah G. , Edmondson Michael R.
Published: June 2020

Stream biophysical processes are commonly studied using multi‐dimensional numerical modelling that quantifies flow hydraulics from which parameters such as habitat suitability, stream carrying capacity, and bed mobility are derived. These analyses would benefit from accurate high‐resolution stream bathymetries spanning tens of kilometres of channel, especially in small streams or where navigation is difficult. Traditional ground‐based survey methods are limited by survey time, dense vegetation and stream access, and are usually only feasible for short reaches. Conversely, airborne topobathymetric LiDAR surveys may overcome these limitations, although limited research is available on how errors in LiDAR‐derived digital elevation models (DEMs) might propagate through flow models. This study investigated the performance of LiDAR‐derived topobathymetry in support of multi‐dimensional flow modelling and ecohydraulics calculations in two gravel‐bedded reaches (approximately 200 m long), one morphologically complex and one morphologically simple, and at the segment scale (32 km‐long stream segment) along a 15 m‐wide river in central Idaho, USA. We compared metre and sub‐metre‐resolution DEMs generated from RTK‐GPS ground and Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR‐B (EAARL‐B) surveys and water depths, velocities, shear stresses, habitat suitability, and bed mobility modelled with two‐dimensional (2D) hydraulic models supported by LiDAR and ground‐surveyed DEMs. Residual statistics, bias (B), and standard deviation (SD) of the residuals between depth and velocity predicted from the model supported by LiDAR and ground‐survey topobathymetries were up to −0.04 (B) and 0.09 m (SD) for depth and −0.09 (B) and 0.20 m s−1 (SD) for velocity. The accuracy (B = 0.05 m), precision (SD = 0.09 m), and point density (1 point m−2) of the LiDAR topobathymetric survey (regardless of reach complexity) were sufficient to support 2D hydrodynamic modelling and derivative stream habitat and process analyses, because these statistics were comparable to those of model calibration with B = 0 m and SD = 0.04 m for water surface elevation and B = 0.05 m s−1 and SD = 0.22 m s−1 for velocity in our investigation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A verifiable and privacy‐preserving multidimensional data aggregation scheme in mobile crowdsensing
Authors: Jiang Yun , Zhao Bowen , Tang Shaohua , Wu Hao‐Tian
Published: June 2020

Mobile crowdsensing has become a popular data collection paradigm and has been extensively studied. Since the analysis of sensory data usually reveals privacy of mobile users, data aggregation technology is widely used to avoid privacy disclosure. However, traditional privacy‐preserving data aggregation schemes cannot provide aggregate statistics of multidimensional data in fine‐grained areas or resist collusive attacks. Moreover, the cloud platform is not fully trusted, and it is challenging to verify the correctness of data aggregation results. To provide privacy‐preserving multidimensional statistics within fine‐grained areas and verify results of data aggregation, we propose a verifiable privacy‐preserving data aggregation scheme in this article, which is based on data double‐masking, Shamir's secret sharing, and bilinear mapping. Specifically, a key agreement is utilized to establish mask seeds for users, while the users are required to extend mask values and generate the verification key with bilinear mapping. The cloud platform aggregates masked data and provides proof of computational results. Theoretical analysis demonstrates our scheme can protect data and location privacy, verify the aggregation results, and improve the rubustness to failure. The simulation results show that the computational overhead of mobile devices by using the proposed anticollusion scheme is better than that of homomorphic encryption. In addition, the computational complexity of task requesters is less than that of the PVPA scheme for verification of multidimensional aggregation results.
Sedimentology of the deltaic Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the D‐1 area of Liaodong Bay, East China
Authors: Zou Hao , Wang Jun , Chen Anqing , Zhong Yijiang , Chen Hongde , Liu Sibing , Liu Yang , Xu Changgui
Published: June 2020

The Liaodong Bay area in north‐east China has abundant hydrocarbon resources. The study area (referred to as D‐1) is located in the south‐east portion of the Liaodong Graben, a tectonic unit of Liaodong Bay, where the focus for exploration is on sandstone units in the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation. Here, hydrocarbons with an oil production capacity of 629 m3/day have been discovered in well D‐1‐2SA. The reservoir facies have been analysed by combining the cuttings, logging, seismic data, sedimentary facies, and sequence stratigraphy. In the sequence stratigraphic study, the second member from the base of the formation is divided into one third‐ and four fourth‐order depositional sequences. The sedimentary facies include fan deltaic, braided river deltaic, and lagoonal systems. Seismic attribute inversion of the sequence framework, depositional models, and sediment distribution has been conducted for each system tract. The reservoirs facies in the D‐1 area are characterized by medium to low porosity, and medium to low permeability. The development of reservoirs facies is related to the subaqueous depositional channels of the fan deltaic system with the best quality for hydrocarbon storage. These channels have strong root mean square amplitudes used for seismic attribute identification for reservoir targets. The formations of the source‐to‐sink system with granitic and metamorphic source rocks and relative distant transportation are considered to have the best potential for hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Comparing spatio‐temporal distribution of the most common human parasitic infections in Iran over two periods 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018: A systematic quantitative literature review
Authors: Kiani Behzad , Raouf Rahmati Amene , Bergquist Robert , Moghaddas Elham
Published: June 2020

This study analyses the spatio‐temporal trend of the prevalence of the four most prevalent parasitic diseases in Iran over two periods, 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018, indicating high‐risk and low‐risk areas. Out of 19 126 articles, we selected 220 articles for data extraction and calculated the pooled prevalence for cutaneous leishmaniasis, human toxoplasmosis, giardiasis and blastocystosis for all 31 provinces in the country. Anselin local Moran's I was used to identify clusters and outliers in the prevalence rates. The mean prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients was found 35.12 per 100 000 in 2007 to 2012 but fell to 19.12 per 100 000 in the 2013 to 2018 period. The mean prevalence of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis was 2.36% and 32.5%, respectively, in 2007 to 2012, which changed to 2.28% and 31.14% in 2013 to 2018. The total prevalence of giardiasis declined from 9.8% in 2007 to 2012 to 4.8% in 2013 to 2018, while the mean prevalence of blastocystosis declined from 8.9% in 2007 to 2012 to 6.76% in the 2013 to 2018 period. There was only one high‐high cluster in 2007 to 2012 and that was due to giardiasis, while there were two in 2013 to 2018, one for blastocystosis and one for chronic toxoplasmosis. The total prevalence of blastocystosis, giardiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran has continually declined since 2007. In contrast, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Iranian women has not been changed. Iran's Midwest has more parasitic infections compared to the Mideast, which may be explained by the existence of vast deserts and consequently dry and hot climate in the latter part of the country.
Allergic symptoms and sensitisation in adolescents with cows' milk allergy and atopic eczema in infancy
Authors: Piippo Sonja , Viljanen Mirva , Savilahti Erkki , Kuitunen Mikael
Published: June 2020

Background

The association between atopic sensitisation, atopic eczema (AE) and asthma is known, but distinct roles of allergies on long‐term health are unestablished.

Objective

Evaluation of allergic symptoms and sensitisation in adolescents who in infancy had AE and verified cows' milk allergy (CMA) or AE and a negative CMA challenge, and controls.

Methods

Children with AE, with and without CMA, from a randomised controlled study in 1999‐2001 examining the effect of probiotics on AE severity at older than 12 months of age, attended a follow‐up visit at age 16 to 18, with age‐matched controls. Data came from a questionnaire (ISAAC questionnaire), analysis of serum antigen‐specific immunoglobulin Es (IgEs), and clinical evaluation. Group comparisons were carried out (χ2 tests and logistic regression).

Results

Fifty‐two patients with AE and CMA (AE/CMA+ group), 52 with AE and suspicion of CMA (AE/CMA− group), and 57 controls attended a study visit. IgE‐mediated sensitisation was significantly more prevalent in the AE/CMA+ group vs the controls, for horse, cat, dog, egg white and wheat (P < .024 for all). For birch, timothy and mugwort (P < .008 for all), sensitisation was more prevalent in both the AE/CMA+ group and the AE/CMA− group vs controls. On the basis of questionnaire data the AE/CMA + group reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of wheezing (64% vs 35% and 32%; P = .001), noninfectious rhinitis (85% vs 62% and 56%; P = .004), and hay fever (77% vs 52% and 33%; P < .001) vs the AE/CMA− group and the control group, respectively.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Patients with AE and CMA in infancy, as opposed to patients with AE only, or controls, report more allergic symptoms and exhibit more allergic sensitisation in adolescence. This indicates that CMA in infancy is an independent risk factor of allergic disease in adolescence.
Effect of riser height on rotation uniformity and application rate of the dynamic fluidic sprinkler
Authors: Fordjour Alexander , Zhu Xingye , Jiang Chenlong , Liu Junping
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of riser heights on rotation uniformity and application rate of the newly designed dynamic fluidic sprinkler. The dynamic fluidic sprinkler was tested using different nozzle sizes of 5 and 6 mm. The sprinkler head was mounted on 1.3, 1.5, 1.7 and 1.9 m risers at 90° in the horizontal direction and was placed about 0.9 m above the top of the cans. The following operating pressures were tested: 150 and 200 kPa. A program was written to simulate the non‐uniform of rotation of the nozzle during the full circle‐spraying process. It was found that the riser height had a significant effect on application rate and uniformity. The comparison of standard deviation with different risers showed that differences in standard deviation were much lower for the 1.9 m riser height. The deviation was in the range of 0.14 ~ 0.26, 0.14 ~ 0.42, 0.18 ~ 0.50 and 0.13 ~ 0.69 mm h−1 considering the riser heights of 1.9, 1.7, 1.5 and 1.3 m. For all the nozzle sizes, a smaller standard deviation was recorded under 150 kPa. The deviation range was 0.15 ~ 0.24, 0.17 ~ 0.45, 0.18 ~ 0.45 and 0.2 ~ 0.66 mm h−1 for 1.9, 1.7, 1.5 and 1.3 m, respectively. With respect to nozzle sizes, 5 mm gave better standard deviations and the deviation range was from 0.14 ~ 0.26, 0.15 ~ 0.45, 0.2 ~ 0.7 and 0.23 ~ 0.74 mm h−1 with radial heights of 1.9, 1.7, 1.5 and 1.3 m, respectively. The range of the coefficient of uniformity values for overlapped quadrants for the 5 mm nozzle was as follows: 78% at a spacing of 10 to 72% at 80% overlapped spacing. The highest occurred at 50% spacing and increased with an overlapped spacing of 10 to 50%, ranging from 78 to 87% with an average of 82.5%. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6CN‐driven routing and content delivery scheme for building the smart physical education
Authors: Xu Long , Liu Wei , Anwlnkom Tomley , Jinonic Satamial
Published: June 2020

The development of smart physical education is subject to the large transmission delay from providers to consumers due to the large‐scale and cross‐domain network deployment. In this letter, we propose 6CNRD, a novel system framework based on IPv6 Content Networking (6CN) to facilitate the building of smart physical education. 6CNRD consists of two parts, that is, one is the content request stage based on segment routing, and the other one is the content delivery stage based on identity forwarding. We compare 6CNRD with two cutting‐edge schemes over a constructed physical education topology, and the experimental results show that 6CNRD has lower routing delay and delivery delay. It further indicates that 6CNRD has the wide application value including but not limited to the field of smart physical education.