bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exclusive breastfeeding amongst mothers: Awareness and practice in Ogbomoso, South West Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlaja A.O. , Adeniran A.S. , Bakare T.Y. , Bobo T , Ogunlaja I.P. , .Oyaromode A , Olasinde Y.T. , Olasinde A. , Aremu A.O. , Adedokun O.A. , Enaholo P.O , Awotunde T.O. , Uyeh I.S. , Adebanwi P.T. , Adigun O.T. , Awubite L.E , Siden D.O. , .Adeogun R.O , Adeboye A.A , Olayioye P.O.
Published: January 2025

Breastfeeding is considered as the most complete nutritional source for an infant as it contains all that is needed for such infant to thrive and survive in the formative first year of life. Exclusive breast feeding implies giving a baby no other food, solid or water), except breast milk and it is encouraged to be practiced. However, in many developing countries like Nigeria this practice is not optimal. This study was carried out to examine the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding amongst mothers in Ogbomoso. This was cross sectional study which involved a total of 342 respondents. The questionnaire was pretested and was administered by interviewers. The mean age of the administered by interviewers. The mean age of the study participant was 40.06±11.14 years. Majority of the respondents(98.54%) were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding. Two hundred and thirty eight 238(69.6%) of the participants exclusively breastfed for six months, however One hundred and fifty one mothers accounting for 44.4% had started breastfeeding within one hour after delivery. Despite the knowledge of the mothers about exclusive breastfeeding, its practice was not satisfactory amongst respondents. This is due to mother's lack of formal education, poor antenatal care attendance and lack of support from husband. Promotion of women's education, job empowerment encouraging antenatal care and exclusive breastfeeding counseling during antenatal care are recommended to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice.
Allergy-induced adenoid hypertrophy in adult: A case report
Authors: Iyanda N.O. , Omokanye H.K.
Published: January 2025

Adenoid hypertrophy is relatively uncommon in adults. The adenoid hypertrophies physiologically in children up to 9 years and then begins to atrophy between 7 to 9 years until 16 years. Symptoms of allergic rhinosinusitis in adults may mask that of adenoid obstructive symptoms when the two coexist. We report a case of a 20-year-old female with adenoid hypertrophy with an unusual nasal symptom overlapping with features of allergic rhinosinusitis. This study highlights the clinical presentation and radiological evaluation of the patient with a review of pertinent literature. We concluded that adenoid hypertrophy in adults could be an accompanying feature of allergy. A high index of suspicion and a thorough nasopharyngeal examination are critical to prompt diagnosis.
Patterns and Errors of Medication Prescription among Patients with Chronic Medical Diseases attending Medical Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Agede O.A. , Odeigah L.O. , Ole J.O. , Oyedepo D.S. , Odeigah O.P. , Aiyedun O.S. , Folami V.
Published: January 2025

No Abstract
Anthropometric Measurements And Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Variability: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adults In A Nigerian University Population
Authors: Amorha K.C. , Ugwuanyi M.O. , Ekwunife S.P. , Nweke L.I. , Akankali N.J. , Sabastine R.N.
Published: January 2025

No Abstract
Serum Anti-mullerian Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, LH/FSH ratio, Estradiol and their correlations with age in Infertile Women in Nigeria
Authors: Adewolu O.F. , Osaikhuwuomwan A.J. , Idogun E.S.
Published: January 2025

Infertility is a cause of concern because of its psychosocial effect. Globally, infertility is said to affect 8%-10% of couples. This study aimed at evaluating serum levels of Anti- mullerian Hormone (AMH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone ( L H ) , E stradiol , Luteinizing Hormone/Follicle Stimulating Hormone (LH/FSH) ratio and their correlation with age in women with infertility. Treated in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.This was a retrospective study. Data of 458 women seen in the ARRT Clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department between May 2021 and June 2023 were analyzed. Subjects were stratified into four age groups. Serum levels of AMH, FSH, LH, Oestradiol and LH/FSH ratio were statistically analyzed and their correlation with age determined. Biochemical assays were done using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Students' t-test and Pearson's correlation determined. Statistical significance was established at p≤0.05.Mean Serum AMH, FSH, LH, Oestradiol, LH/FSH ratio was 1.1±1.4ng/ml, 7.7±6.3mIU/ml, 4.4±3.9mIU/ml, 50.9±37.4pg/ml, 0.62±0.35 respectively. Serum AMH decreased significantly with age (from 3.09±2.4 to 0.63±0.86,p=0.003). Serum FSH and LH increased significantly with age (from 5.63±2.7 to 11.94±11.0 (p=0.001) (3.56±2.0 to 5.88±5.59 (p=0.001) respectively. Mean LH/FSH Ratio values decreased from 0.64 ± 0.36 to 0.55 ± 0.37 (p=0.201). Serum AMH showed a statistically significant negative correlation with age (r=-0.422, p=0.001). Serum FSH and LH showed a statistically positive correlation with age (r=0.268, P=0.001), (r=0.156, P=0.001) respectively. Oestradiol showed a weak negative correlation and LH/FSH ratio show weak positive correlation with age. Serum AMH showed a stronger level of negative correlation with age compared with the other hormones evaluated, therefore it may be a more reliable marker of ovarian reserve, hence, useful in the assessment of response to treatment protocols in Assisted Reproduction.
Alcohol use among elderly primary care attendees in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Buhari O.I.N. , Adegunloye O.A. , Ogunmodede A.J. , Omotoso A.B.O.
Published: January 2025

Given the growing global population of elderly individuals and the potential increase in alcohol-related issues among this group, it is essential to explore the factors that influence alcohol consumption in older adults. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 3 primary health care centres in Ilorin, Northcentral Nigeria, involving consenting patients aged 60 years and above. Each participant completed a proforma designed by the researchers which had sections on socio-demographic variables and alcohol use. The Geriatric Depression Scale (short form) was used thereafter with a cut-off score of ≥ 6 to screen for a presence of depression. A total of 463 elderly patients participated in the study. Alcohol use was statistically significantly higher among males (x = 44.483, p<0.001), those who are married (x = 7.300, p <0.007) and elderly Christians (x = 7.121, p<0.008). The trend though not statistically significant was that those who lived alone, and those who felt lonely were more likely to use alcohol (x = 1.579, p< 0.209 and x = 0.094, p < 0.759 respectively). Probable depression was however not found to be statistically associated with alcohol use (x = 0.025, P < 0.874). There should be an increased index of suspicion by the primary care physicians to identify elderly patients who are at risk of engaging in alcohol use. This will assist in instituting early intervention programmes aimed at preventing alcohol related problems.
Knowledge and practice of HIV post exposure prophylaxis among health care workers in a tertiary hospital, North-West, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsina M.A. , Omisakin O.O. , Sani H. , Yakubu P.D. , Bello-Ovosi B. , Usman N.O.
Published: January 2025

Health care workers (HCW) might be exposed to different infectious agents like the human immunodeficiency virus while performing their duties otherwise called occupational exposure. The knowledge and practice of these workers about postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) can effectively prevent HIV infection in such individuals. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that every individual exposed should be treated within 72 hours. We aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of HIV PEP among the healthcare workers in a tertiary facility in Northwest, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021 among healthcare workers at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH). A semi structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. This was however divided into sections including socio-demographic status of the respondents, knowledge and practice related to PEP of HIV. Analysis of data was done using IBM SPSS version 23 Software. Out of 236 questionnaires administered, 225 were adequately completed and returned, with a response rate of 95.3% of which majority of the respondents were females (67.1%) and majority were (63.6%) 40 years and below. More than half of the respondents 133 (59.1%) had poor knowledge of PEP, knowledge of PEP was found to be statistically associated with occupation P<0.000, gender p=0.042 and formal training on PEP. On the other hand, variables, like age, marital status and years of service did not show any significant association with knowledge of PEP. Among the HCW, 71 (31.6%) had been exposed to sources of HIV at the workplace via splash of blood, needle pricks and so on, 29 (40.8%) started PEP and up to 18 (62.1%) of them completed the required treatment.A significant number of the HCW had poor knowledge of PEP, suboptimal use of the treatment when exposed but fairly good completion rate for those that commenced treatment.
Ulnar hemimelia with humero-radial synostosis and oligodactyly: A rare congenital skeletal malformation
Authors: Obirija S.E. , Rasheed M.W. , Okonkwo J.E.
Published: January 2025

Ulnar hemimelia is a rare congenital anomaly of the upper extremity which denotes the partial or complete absence of the distal half of a limb. This clinical condition has been classified into 4 types, with the rare Type 4 variant involving humeroradial synostosis. Notably, it is also strongly linked with extension or acute flexion of the elbow joint, variable length, and contour of the remnant of the ulnar in cases of incomplete hemimelia, oligodactly, and atrophy of the shoulder muscle. It may present clinically as functional deformity or cosmetic deformity. Thus, present a unique case of complete ulna hemimelia, humeroradial synostosis, and oligodactyly, in a 2-month-old male with upper limb shortening and restricted elbow movement since birth. He presented to the children's outpatient department of the hospital with a complaint of a small right upper limb, reduced muscle bulk, and limb activities of the same limb. The right upper limb was noted at birth to be shorter and less active than the left. Upon further evaluation, plain radiographs of the limbs revealed the right upper limb micromelia, with a single forearm bone. The right forearm bone has an expanded distal end (consistent with radial end), bowed with radial convexity, with the proximal end fused to the metaphysis of the adjoining right humerus. A diagnosis of right ulnar hemimelia with humero-radial synostosis, and oligodactly was made based on these findings. The patient has been on six monthly follow-ups for 2 years and no new complaints or complications have been recorded. The rarity of this clinical condition in our prevailing environment warranted this case report.
Severe hypernatraemia in postpartum eclampsia: a case report
Authors: Ogunkunle A.K. , Manu M. , Mahmud F.A , Abubakar M.G. , Mahmud F.A. , Suleiman H.M , Musa F.A. , IbnUthman A. , Samuel V.O. , Modu I.
Published: January 2025

Eclampsia is one of the most dangerous acute complications of pregnancy, with significant morbidity and mortality. Hypernatraemia in eclampsia is rare and when it occurs, could lead to critical and potentially life-threatening complications. Hypernatraemia is a disorder of the homeostasis of body water and sodium with a net increase in serum sodium. The most dreaded clinical manifestations of ypernatraemia whether in eclampsia or not are that of the central nervous system due to brain cell shrinkage which are more in acute and severe form of the disorder. We report a case of a 26- year-old primigravida female with severe acute hypertonic (hypervolemic) hypernatraemia secondary to postpartum eclampsia. This study highlights the clinical presentation, serial biochemical investigations and treatment modalities of the patient with a review of pertinent literature. We concluded that hypernatraemia in any form may occur in eclampsia and adequate attention need to be drawn to the fluid and electrolyte management of these patients to prevent unfavorable outcome.
Crafting the legal regime for ecological environmental damage compensation: an analysis of China’s approach
Authors: Shen Hao
Published: January 2025

In the past decade, China has initiated reforms promoting ecological civilization and a new era of environmental governance. The Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation (EEDC) Regime, a vital component of these reforms, is endorsed by the central government and the Communist Party of China (CPC). Relying on Article 9 of China’s Constitution, which emphasizes state ownership, the state ownership of natural resources in China is argued to be of public power nature, constitutionally empowering the state to manage natural resources reasonably. This article delves into the legal nature of the EEDC Regime, highlighting its role as a public law mechanism for ecological restoration. The presence of ecological environmental compensation clauses in China’s Civil Code is considered ‘inappropriate’. This article suggests that China should utilize the opportunity to include the EEDC Regime in the Environmental Code, formalizing its place in the legal framework dedicated to environmental preservation.
Holistic interpretation and the interdependence of constitutional structures and rights: an essay in honor of Cheryl Saunders
Authors: Jackson Vicki C.
Published: January 2025

This chapter honors Cheryl Saunders’ insights into the importance of federalism and the allocation of fiscal powers in understanding how constitutional systems work and how they protect rights. Drawing on caselaw from three common law jurisdictions – Canada, Australia, and the United States – it argues that rights and structures, like federalism or the separation of powers or democratic voting systems, are interdependent. Structures may be understood necessarily to imply certain rights necessary to make the structure effective. Rights may require structures to secure their effective protection. At times, the chapter suggests, texts relating specifically to rights may be less effective in securing their protection than reasoning from more general structural provisions. Federalism, in particular, is a structure that may require certain rights; as a form of government, federalism can both protect rights and undermine their protection. And interdependencies may exist among different structural provisions. As a positive matter, rights and structures may find mutual grounding in basic constitutional norms of unity, liberty, and equality. Whether particular provisions are understood as rights or as structures, or even whether particular rights should be understood to exist, may vary over time and among judges. As a normative matter, the chapter suggests that errors may result from failing to consider the overall constitutional context in which a claim of right, or a very specific structural claim, is situated.
Конкуренция и ее защита в цифровом гражданском обороте
Authors: Синицын С.А.
Published: January 2025

АВТОР ЗАДАЛСЯ ЦЕЛЬЮ ОПРЕДЕЛИТЬ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ, СДЕЛАВ ЭТО НА БАЗЕ АНАЛИЗА УЖЕ ИМЕЮЩИХСЯ ПРОБЛЕМ РАЗВИТИЯ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА О КОНКУРЕНЦИИ. ПРЕДЛАГАЕМЫЕ ВЫВОДЫ И СУЖДЕНИЯ ПОЗВОЛЯЮТ УВИДЕТЬ И ОЦЕНИТЬ ДОСТОИНСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ, ДАЛЬНЕЙШИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА О КОНКУРЕНЦИИ И ЕГО ТЕКУЩЕЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ. ВОЗМОЖНО УВИДЕТЬ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПРЕДМЕТА И МЕТОДА, ЦЕЛЕПОЛАГАНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО ПРАВА, КОТОРЫХ В СОВОКУПНОСТИ ДОСТАТОЧНО ДЛЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО ПРАВА В ОТДЕЛЬНУЮ ОТРАСЛЬ РОССИЙСКОГО ПРАВА.
Совпадение обеспечительных мер с заявленными исковыми требованиями: проблемы допустимости
Authors: Юдин А.В.
Published: January 2025

ОДНИМ ИЗ ВАЖНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ ОБЕСПЕЧИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕР ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ БАЛАНСА ИНТЕРЕСОВ СТОРОН ПРИ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ. В СУДЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ ИМЕЮТ МЕСТО СЛУЧАИ ЗАЯВЛЕНИЯ ОБЕСПЕЧИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕР, СОВПАДАЮЩИХ С ИСКОВЫМИ ТРЕБОВАНИЯМИ И, СООТВЕТСТВЕННО, С БУДУЩИМ ВОЗМОЖНЫМ РЕШЕНИЕМ СУДА ОБ УДОВЛЕТВОРЕНИИ ИСКОВЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ. ПЕРВОНАЧАЛЬНО СУДЫ ОТКЛОНЯЛИ ПОДОБНОГО РОДА ЗАЯВЛЕНИЯ СО ССЫЛКОЙ НА СОВПАДЕНИЕ ИСПРАШИВАЕМЫХ МЕР С ИСКОВЫМИ ТРЕБОВАНИЯМИ, НО ВПОСЛЕДСТВИИ СУДЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА ИЗМЕНИЛАСЬ. АВТОР ПРИХОДИТ К ВЫВОДУ, ЧТО ЗАЯВЛЕНИЕ ОБЕСПЕЧИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕР, СОВПАДАЮЩИХ С ИСКОВЫМИ ТРЕБОВАНИЯМИ И С БУДУЩИМ ВОЗМОЖНЫМ РЕШЕНИЕМ СУДА ОБ УДОВЛЕТВОРЕНИИ ИСКОВЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ, ДОЛЖНО БЫТЬ ПРИЗНАНО ДОПУСТИМЫМ. ОТРИЦАНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УДОВЛЕТВОРЕНИЯ ПОДОБНЫХ ЗАЯВЛЕНИЙ ТОЛЬКО ЛИШЬ СО ССЫЛКОЙ НА ИХ СОВПАДЕНИЕ С ИСКОВЫМИ ТРЕБОВАНИЯМИ ЗНАМЕНУЕТ СОБОЙ СУГУБО ФОРМАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К РЕШЕНИЮ ВОПРОСА. ОДНАКО ВЫЯВИВШИЙСЯ ФАКТ СОВПАДЕНИЯ НЕ ОСВОБОЖДАЕТ СУД ОТ ОЦЕНКИ СОРАЗМЕРНОСТИ ИСПРАШИВАЕМЫХ МЕР, А ИМЕННО ОТ ПРОВЕРКИ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ БАЛАНСА ПРАВ И ИНТЕРЕСОВ СТОРОН, КОГДА ИСТЕЦ ЕЩЕ ДО УДОВЛЕТВОРЕНИЯ ИСКОВЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ МОЖЕТ ПОЛУЧИТЬ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЬСЯ БЛАГАМИ, КОТОРЫЕ СВЯЗЫВАЮТСЯ ДЛЯ НЕГО С РЕШЕНИЕМ СУДА ПО СУЩЕСТВУ СПОРА. НЕПРИЕМЛЕМЫМ БУДЕТ И ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ, ПРИ КОТОРОМ СУД ИЛИ ОТВЕТЧИК МОГ БЫ СООТВЕТСТВЕННО ОТКЛОНЯТЬ ИЛИ ПАРИРОВАТЬ СРОЧНЫЕ ВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕРЫ, НАПРАВЛЕННЫЕ НА ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИСКА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ИСТЦА, ПРОСТО СО ССЫЛКОЙ НА ФОРМАЛЬНОЕ ИХ СОВПАДЕНИЕ С ИЗБРАННЫМ ИСТЦОМ СПОСОБОМ ЗАЩИТЫ, СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИМ ПРЕДМЕТ ИСКА, БЕЗ ОЦЕНКИ ТОГО, НАСКОЛЬКО ПОДОБНЫЕ МЕРЫ СПОСОБСТВУЮТ ИСПОЛНЕНИЮ БУДУЩЕГО РЕШЕНИЯ СУДА.
Арбитражное судопроизводство как самостоятельная форма отправления правосудия: основные проблемы и пути решения
Authors: Михайлова Е.В.
Published: January 2025

В СТАТЬЕ РАССМОТРЕНЫ ТРИ ОСНОВОПОЛАГАЮЩИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩЕГО АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА. ВО-ПЕРВЫХ, КОНСТАТИРУЕТСЯ ПРАВОВАЯ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТЬ КАТЕГОРИИ «ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ». ПРЕДЛОЖЕНО РАССМАТРИВАТЬ ПОСЛЕДНЮЮ КАК ЯВЛЕНИЕ БОЛЕЕ УЗКОЕ В СРАВНЕНИИ С ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ И ПОНИМАТЬ ПОД НЕЙ ПРАВООТНОШЕНИЯ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИЕ В СВЯЗИ С СОЗДАНИЕМ УСЛОВИЙ ЗАНЯТИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ И ЕЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЕЙ. ВО-ВТОРЫХ, ПОДВЕРГНУТА КРИТИКЕ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩАЯ СИСТЕМА ВИДОВ АРБИТРАЖНОГО СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ПРЕДЛОЖЕНО ПЕРЕСМОТРЕТЬ ЕЕ, РУКОВОДСТВУЯСЬ КРИТЕРИЯМИ ПРАВОВОЙ ПРИРОДЫ ПОДЛЕЖАЩИХ РАССМОТРЕНИЮ ДЕЛ, А НЕ ИХ ОТРАСЛЕВОЙ ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТЬЮ. В-ТРЕТЬИХ, ОБРАЩАЕТСЯ ВНИМАНИЕ НА ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЕ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ В ДЕЛАХ ПУБЛИЧНО-ПРАВОВОГО ХАРАКТЕРА ПОЛОЖЕНИЮ Ч. 3 СТ. 2 ГРАЖДАНСКОГО КОДЕКСА, В СВЯЗИ С ЧЕМ ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНО СКОРРЕКТИРОВАТЬ НОРМУ СТ. 190 АПК РФ, ПРЕДУСМОТРЕВ ТАКОЕ УСЛОВИЕ ПРИМИРЕНИЯ СТОРОН ПУБЛИЧНО-ПРАВОВЫХ КОНФЛИКТОВ, КАК НАЛИЧИЕ В НОРМАХ МАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО ПРАВА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО УКАЗАНИЯ НА ТАКУЮ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ.
О составе арбитражного суда кассационной инстанции при рассмотрении жалоб на судебные акты по вопросу об индексации присужденных денежных сумм
Authors: Подгорный Д.Э.
Published: January 2025

В СТАТЬЕ АНАЛИЗИРУЮТСЯ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ, ВНЕСЕННЫЕ В АПК РФ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫМ ЗАКОНОМ ОТ 25.12.2023 № 667-ФЗ В ЧАСТИ УПРОЩЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ РАССМОТРЕНИЯ ЗАЯВЛЕНИЯ ОБ ИНДЕКСАЦИИ ПРИСУЖДЕННЫХ ДЕНЕЖНЫХ СУММ, И ИССЛЕДУЕТСЯ ВОПРОС О НАДЛЕЖАЩЕМ СОСТАВЕ СУДА ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДАННОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ СПОРОВ В РАМКАХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В АРБИТРАЖНОМ СУДЕ КАССАЦИОННОЙ ИНСТАНЦИИ. АВТОР ПОДВЕРГАЕТ КРИТИКЕ СКЛАДЫВАЮЩИЙСЯ В ТЕКУЩЕЙ СУДЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ ПОДХОД К ПОСТАВЛЕННОЙ ПРОБЛЕМЕ, ОСНОВАННЫЙ НА БЕЗУСЛОВНОЙ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ КОЛЛЕГИАЛЬНОГО РАССМОТРЕНИЯ КАССАЦИОННЫХ ЖАЛОБ НА СУДЕБНЫЕ АКТЫ, ПРИНЯТЫЕ ПО ИТОГАМ РАССМОТРЕНИЯ ЗАЯВЛЕНИЯ ОБ ИНДЕКСАЦИИ, И ПРЕДЛАГАЕТ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ДОПУСТИМОСТИ И ПРЕДПОЧТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЕДИНОЛИЧНОГО РАССМОТРЕНИЯ СУДЬЕЙ СУДА КАССАЦИОННОЙ ИНСТАНЦИИ ТАКИХ ЖАЛОБ ПО АНАЛОГИИ С ТЕМ, КАК ЭТО В НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ВРЕМЯ ПРЕДУСМОТРЕНО ДЛЯ ДЕЛ УПРОЩЕННОГО И ПРИКАЗНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА.
Об оптимизации использования зачетных встречных исков и возражений о зачете как процессуальных средств защиты ответчика в арбитражном процессе в свете начал диспозитивности и инстанционности
Authors: Пацация М.Ш.
Published: January 2025

ПОЗИЦИИ СУДЕБНО-АРБИТРАЖНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ И ДОКТРИНЫ ПО ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ЗАЧЕТНОГО ВСТРЕЧНОГО ИСКА И ВОЗРАЖЕНИЯ О ЗАЧЕТЕ ЕДВА ЛИ МОГУТ БЫТЬ ПРИЗНАНЫ ЕДИНООБРАЗНЫМИ. ПОДХОДЫ ВЫСШЕЙ СУДЕБНОЙ ИНСТАНЦИИ ТОЖЕ НЕ ВЫГЛЯДЯТ, С ОДНОЙ СТОРОНЫ, НЕИЗМЕННЫМИ, А С ДРУГОЙ — ВСЕГДА ДОСТАТОЧНО КОНКРЕТНЫМИ И ЯСНЫМИ. МЕЖДУ ТЕМ РЕЧЬ ИДЕТ О ВАЖНЕЙШИХ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ОТВЕТЧИКА. В ДАННОЙ СТАТЬЕ РАССМОТРЕНЫ ТЕ СТОРОНЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЭТИХ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ, КОТОРЫЕ СВЯЗАНЫ С ПРЕДЕЛАМИ ИХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ОТВЕТЧИКАМИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТАКИХ НАЧАЛ АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССА, КАК ДИСПОЗИТИВНОСТЬ И ИНСТАНЦИОННОСТЬ. ВЕРНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИХ ПРЕДЕЛОВ СПОСОБНО ОКАЗАТЬ ЗНАЧИМОЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ОПТИМИЗАЦИЮ АРБИТРАЖНОГО СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВА.
Нетрадиционные формы участия членов группы лиц в групповом производстве
Authors: Домшенко В.Г.
Published: January 2025

В СТАТЬЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНЫ ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫЕ ФОРМЫ УЧАСТИЯ ЧЛЕНОВ ГРУППЫ ЛИЦ В ГРУППОВОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ. АВТОР КРИТИКУЕТ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩУЮ РЕДАКЦИЮ ЗАКОНА, ДОПУСКАЮЩУЮ УЧАСТИЕ ЧЛЕНОВ ГРУППЫ ЛИЦ В ТАКОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ В КАЧЕСТВЕ СОИСТЦОВ, ТРЕТЬИХ ЛИЦ, ЗАЯВЛЯЮЩИХ ИЛИ НЕ ЗАЯВЛЯЮЩИХ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТРЕБОВАНИЯ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ПРЕДМЕТА СПОРА. СДЕЛАН ВЫВОД, ЧТО ЧЛЕН ГРУППЫ В СЛУЧАЕ С ГРУППОВЫМ ИСКОМ ПО ТИПУ ОДНОРОДНЫХ ПРАВ МОЖЕТ ЛИБО ПРИСОЕДИНИТЬСЯ К ИСКУ, ЛИБО НЕ ПРИСОЕДИНЯТЬСЯ К НЕМУ С СОХРАНЕНИЕМ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗАЩИЩАТЬ СВОИ ПРАВА В ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОМ ПОРЯДКЕ. В ГРУППОВОМ ИСКЕ ПО ТИПУ ОБЩИХ ПРАВ ВСЕ ЧЛЕНЫ ГРУППЫ ДОЛЖНЫ ПО УМОЛЧАНИЮ СЧИТАТЬСЯ ПРИСОЕДИНИВШИМИСЯ К ГРУППОВОМУ ИСКУ. ПРИ ЭТОМ НЕСОГЛАСНЫЕ С ГРУППОВЫМ ИСКОМ ЧЛЕНЫ ГРУППЫ ВПРАВЕ УЧАСТВОВАТЬ В ДЕЛЕ НА СТОРОНЕ ОТВЕТЧИКА В КАЧЕСТВЕ ТРЕТЬИХ ЛИЦ, НЕ ЗАЯВЛЯЮЩИХ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ПРЕДМЕТА СПОРА.
β-1,3-glucan effect on the defence reaction of tomato leaves under fusarium wilt
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Shpileuski Sviataslau N. , Domanskaya Irina N. ,   Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Loucsha Victoria I. ,   Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kabashnikova Liudmila F. ,   Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: January 2025

Objective reasons for a significant reduction in tomato crop yield include infection with pathogens of fungal diseases. In this regard, the study of the structural and functional characteristics of an infected plant represents an important step towards elucidating the mechanisms of resistance and creating a system of effective protection against diseases of fungal etiology. The effect of a drug containing β-1,3-glucan and a water-soluble polymer (WSP) based on a copolymer of acrylamide with sodium acrylate on the development of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum sp. (Fus.oxy.) on solid Czapek medium was studied. The formation of protective reactions occurring in the leaves of 60-day-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., variety Tamara) during artificial Fusarium infection was studied under laboratory conditions. An assessment of the effect of β-1,3-glucan and WSP on the growth of fungal mycelium showed that the area of fungal colonies increases relative to the control variant by 4.0 and 4.7 times, respectively, therefore these compounds do not have antifungal activity and, moreover, stimulate the growth of fungal colonies in vitro. The protective effect of a preparation containing β-1,3-glucan and WSP was studied by pre-spraying tomato plants that were transferred from soil culture to tap water and infected with spores of the fungus Fus. oxy. through the root system. It was found that treatment of tomato plants with β-1,3-glucan induces protective reactions, which are characterized by an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species, polyphenols and anthocyanins against the background of an increase in the expression of genes for PR proteins − β-1,3-glucanase (Glu) and chitinase (Chi) in tomato leaves during infection with Fus. oxy. Quantitative analysis of the content of photosynthetic pigments showed that the pathogenic fungus has a negative effect on the pigment apparatus, reducing the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in tomato leaves, while pre-treatment of plants with a preparation including β-1,3-glucan and WSP contributes to a significant increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for the use of β-1,3-glucan in crop production to improve the disease resistance of tomato plants.
Implementation of the Protocol objectives on the issues of water and health according to international obligations of the Republic of Belarus
Authors:   Central Research Institute for Complex Use of Water Resources, Holad Yuliya V. , Dubianok Sniazhana A. ,   Belarusian National Technical University
Published: January 2025

Since 2003, the Republic of Belarus has been a party to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, and since 2009 the country has acceded to the Protocol on Water and Health, adopted in 1999 to the said Convention. The main objective of the Protocol on Water and Health is to protect human health and well-being by improving water management, including the protection of aquatic ecosystems and the reduction of water-related diseases. The Protocol on Water and Health includes 20 target areas for which countries set national targets to be achieved or maintained. The Protocol on Water and Health is directly focused on protecting human health and well-being within the framework of sustainable development, and is therefore linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN in 2015, namely SDG 3 and SDG 6. In 2021, in order to implement the Protocol on Water and Health, the Republic of Belarus approved the Set of Measures to meet the obligations undertaken by the Republic of Belarus under the Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes until 2030.
The article assesses the current progress in the implementation of the four objectives of the Set of Measures addressing issues of wastewater discharge into the environment, in synergy with the implementation of SDG 6 objectives. SDG 6 targets cover two target areas of the Protocol on Water and Health: Protocol Area X – «Frequency of discharges of untreated storm water flows from wastewater sewer systems» (1 task and 2 targets) and Protocol Area XI – «Quality of wastewater discharges from wastewater treatment plants» (3 tasks and 3 targets).
Some aspects regarding the role of molluscs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bivalvia) in the balance of aquatic ecosystems
Authors: COADĂ Viorica , TRIFĂUȚAN Viorica , ȚÎGANAȘ Ana
Published: January 2025

The functional state of the aquatic malacofauna is a biological indicator of the quality of the environment and highlights the need to identify new methods of protection, use and rational exploitation of biological resources. Due to their biological and ecological characteristics, freshwater gastropods can indicate certain changes in water quality, such as the presence of chemical pollutants, changes in water temperature, or the level of dissolved oxygen in the water. Based on the systematic list of the malacofauna of the Republic of Moldova, the paper elucidates the role of some species in the balance of aquatic ecosystems.
Pathogen inactivation procedure for disinfection and protection of the surface of implant
Authors: MUNTEANU Ion
Published: January 2025

În ultima perioadă, utilizarea tratamentelor cu implant se bucură de notorietate. Datorită dezvoltări unor forme de patogeni la contactul implant-țesu,t există situații de slabă aderență a suprafeței implantului la țesutul organic. Odată ce metodele chimice sau chirurgicale sunt anevoioase în astfel de situații, sunt necesare tehnici noi pentru a putea soluționa aceste fenomene. Propunem aplicarea radiațiilor ultraviolete asupra sistemului optic (cristale fotonice și fibră de cristal fotonic) din implanturile moderne pentru a trata infecția dintre implant și țesutul celular în procesul de slabă aderență. Aceste seturi de structuri optice periodice din cuarț, aranjate în mod regulat (setul de fibre sau sfere), sunt depuse pe suprafața implantului și pot fi utilizate ca un volum mare de dispersie a radiației UV-C pentru tratarea infecției dintre implant și țesutul de adeziune. Această structura optică periodică favorizează aderența implantului la țesutul uman, astfel stimulând creșterea celulară între elemente și implant.
Association Petasitetum hybridi Imchenetzky 1926 (Petasition hybrydi Sillinger 1933) in the vegetation of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: PÎNZARU Pavel , CANTEMIR Valentina
Published: January 2025

In this paper, new information is presented regarding the characteristics and distribution of Petasites hybridus phytocoenoses on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, and the analyzed phytocoenoses are grouped in the association Petasitetum hybridi Imchenetzky 1926. The synthetic table includes 35 phytocoenological surveys carried out in the Codri area.
The chorology of some rare vascular plants from the "Dobrușa" landscape reserve
Authors: SFECLĂ Victor
Published: January 2025

The research was carried out with the aim of identifying and documenting rare and threatened vascular plant species from the "Dobrușa" landscape reserve. As a result of the research, 40 species of rare plants were registered. Of these, 30 are protected by the state by law, 14 species are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, 13 species are in the Red List of Vascular Plants in Europe, 10 species are protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora Wild (CITES), and 5 species are rare on the territory of the Republic of Moldova and are to be included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS AMONG INDIAN STATES
Authors: Sarkar Sanjoy , Bhowmik Sanjib Kumar , Yumkhaibam Ahsan Huda
Published: January 2025

Physical activity is globally recognized as essential for promoting health and well-being, playing a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases and enhancing quality of life. Physical inactivity is a significant factor in mortality worldwide, contributing significantly to the burden of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The present study aims to systematically evaluate physical activity patterns in Indian states, identifying variations based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographical regions while assessing their public health implications. Methodology: The data is collected from published studies reporting physical activity patterns between demographics, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle choices influencing physical activity levels and behaviours in India. It involves a meticulous search strategy including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, Web of Science and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2013 to 2024 using keywords Physical activity, Exercise, Walking, Inactivity, and sedentary behaviour, combined with individual state names of India. Results: Results from 33 studies reveal significant regional disparities, with urban areas exhibiting higher inactivity rates compared to rural areas. Socioeconomic factors further influence activity levels, with higher inactivity among higher-income populations. Age and gender emerge as critical determinants; younger populations and females, especially in urban settings, exhibit higher inactivity levels. The study concludes that targeted public health interventions are urgently needed to promote physical activity, particularly among vulnerable groups such as women and adolescents. Conclusion: Key findings highlight the urgent need for policy measures that address cultural, regional, and socioeconomic barriers to physical activity alongside the promotion of recreational and work-related activity.
 

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A GROUNDED THEORY ON THE DYNAMICS OF SPORTS ANXIETY OF COLLEGIATE ATHLETES
Authors: Broa Dann Ian G. , Baradillo Danilo G.
Published: January 2025

The Dynamic Anxiety and Neuro-Behavioral Regulation Outcome in Collegiate Athletes (DANBROA) Theory presents a comprehensive framework to understand the complex interplay of factors influencing sports anxiety in collegiate athletes. Grounded in qualitative research, the DANBROA Theory identifies key elements shaping anxiety experiences: self-perception, social dynamics, coping strategies, and reflective practices. It emphasizes a dynamic feedback loop, where pre-competition anxiety, performance execution, and post-competition reflection continuously influence one another. This cyclical process highlights the evolving nature of sports anxiety and its impact on athletic performance. The theory posits that athletes with positive self-perception, supportive social environments, and effective coping mechanisms can harness sports anxiety as a source of motivation. At the same time, those lacking these resources may experience detrimental effects. The DANBROA framework underscores the importance of addressing internal (self-belief, mindset) and external (team dynamics, audience expectations) factors in managing sports anxiety. Implications for practice include the development of interventions to enhance resilience and sports performance. The theory offers a foundation for future research to explore further individual differences, cultural influences, and the effectiveness of anxiety management strategies in diverse athletic contexts.
 

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DANCE IMAGERY, EXPERIENCE MOTIVATION, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AMONG DANCESPORT ATHLETES
Authors: Versano Junald Jay L. , Cancio Bryan L.
Published: January 2025

DanceSport is a unique blend of artistic expression with athletic performance, requiring synchronized movements, strong partnerships, and effective communication between dancers. Despite its dynamic nature, challenges such as interpersonal conflicts, psychological stress, and inadequate partnership dynamics frequently affect performance. This study explores the influence of dance imagery, experience motivation, and psychological mechanisms on the performance and relationships of DanceSport athletes. Employing a quantitative descriptive correlational design, data were collected from DanceSport couples in Region XI, Philippines, through surveys. Quantitative findings reveal that athletes exhibit high levels of dance imagery, particularly in technique, mastery, and goal-setting, which enhance their ability to visualize and execute complex routines. Experience motivation, especially in personal development and entertainment, emerged as a key driver of sustained engagement and resilience. Regression analysis showed that 64% of the variability in psychological mechanisms could be attributed to these factors, which include obligatory instrumental ties, expressive ties, and interpersonal perception. This study underscores the need for incorporating imagery training and motivational strategies into coaching to enhance performance, improve partnerships, and reduce burnout. The findings provide a framework for educators and coaches to develop evidence-based interventions, fostering resilience and long-term engagement among DanceSport athletes. Future research should extend these insights to a broader population for deeper exploration.
THE CHRONIC EFFECT OF CORE TRAINING ON DIFFERENT SWIMMING SKILLS PERFORMANCE IN YOUTH SWIMMERS
Authors: Mayda Yaşar , Ozdal Mustafa , Bilgiç Murat , Karaca Burak
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is to examine the chronic effect of core training on swimming performance in different styles. 16 male swimmers with at least 5 years of competitive swimming history participated in this study as subjects. The subjects were divided into two equal groups and core training was applied to the experimental group in addition to the swimming training routine for 8 weeks, while the control group was not given any application other than routine swimming training. Before starting the training, the athletes' height, weight and 50 M Sprint times in 4 different styles were noted and recorded. From the moment I started training, I gave the experimental group core training for 8 weeks and did not take trial sprints. After 8 weeks of loading, I recorded 50 M Sprint times in 4 different styles as a final test. A two-way analysis of variance (2x2) was applied in repeated measurements to analyze the differences between applications. The Greenhouse Geiser correction test was used in measurements where the assumption of sphericity was not met. LSD test was used for post hoc analysis. Statistical results were evaluated at p<0.05 significance level. Statistical analyzes of the differences in the mean freestyle swimming degrees between the pre-test and post-test applications in the control and experimental groups are presented. According to the results of a two-way analysis of variance in repeated measurements, a statistically significant difference was found between groups (F = 7.03, p = 0.033) and between times (F = 38.83, p = 0.001); No statistically significant difference was detected in the group*time interaction (F = 5.19, p = 0.057). As a result, it can be said that core exercises are the reason for strengthening the body part and increasing stability needed in all movements of freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly and backstroke styles.
 

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Pascal v kontextu Heideggerova myšlení s důrazem na dějiny bytí. Experimentální text
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

Undoubtedly, Heidegger’s concept of the history of being belongs among the most inspiring, but also the most problematic, themes of his entire intellectual work. At its analysis in the professional literature there often emerges the impression that, in the framework of his philosophy, Heidegger “overlooked” most thinkers in favor of his obvious “favorites.” The text presented here belongs to a series of thought experiments that attempt, together with Heidegger and an imaginary “on behalf of him,” to figure out how this or that supposedly “neglected” thinker would have figured in his conception of the history of being. Viewed from the point of view of time, it might seem at first glance that Pascal belongs to the epoch of the history of being, which Heidegger authorially associates primarily with René Descartes, labeling it with the term “perceptio.” However, upon closer and more careful reflection (Besinnung in German, a term by which Heidegger himself refers to his thinking “method”), it becomes clear that Pascal belongs – like Hobbes and Spinoza – more to the epoch referred to as “actualitas,” which is authorially associated primarily with Thomas Aquinas.
Pascalova hlediska
Authors: Brocková Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The initial part of the paper deals with the situation of the knowing person in the context of the limits of knowledge. It focuses primarily on Pascal’s interpretation of the exhortation to know oneself, which will subsequently become the unifying motif of the entire text presented here. Although only Thoughts is discussed here, there presently follows a passage focusing on the broader context of this topic within the framework of the entirety of Pascal’s life and work. Following this part comes the primary analysis of the paper, which is dedicated to the question of how Blaise Pascal takes perspective into account in the context of knowledge. The given problem is first introduced by an excursion into Pascal’s reflections on two types of thinking (l’esprit de géométrie and l’esprit de finesse) and the ways of knowledge. The primary part of the analysis is focused especially on Pascal’s “observing,” where observation is focused above all on fragments in which the French philosopher takes into account the inconstancy of the human in the partiality of the point-of-view, emphasizes the instability of knowledge and its methods, uses the metaphor of painterly perspective and reflects on the (im)possibility of having truth. At the same time, Pascal’s reflections are supported by the approaches of some later thinkers – Friedrich Nietzsche and José Ortega y Gasset. Taking into account the promising nature of knowledge, and coming to terms with it, is identified as an expression of Pascal’s intellectual unpretentiousness and humility.
Na pochybách. Pascal a Descartes
Authors: Gachonová Kateřina
Published: January 2025

The opposition between the climactic thought of René Descartes and that of Blaise Pascal, although not very explicitly expressed at the time, is considered to be some kind of dispute between “reason and the heart.” An attempt at the relativization of these compartmentalizing poles brings the author of the study to a starting point that is common to Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Pascal’s Pensées (Thoughts): the act of skepticism and radical doubt. Despite the differences in their skeptical pathways and their goals, the roots of the “systems” of thought of both philosophers grow from this act. The paper attempts to outline how the role of doubt can shape the problem of human knowledge, both on a general level and on the level of the highest, concrete knowledge of Divine Existence.
Left anterior and Middle cerebral artery stroke associated with Pituitary apoplexy in an adolescent male with Giant prolactinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Okrah Omane Acheamfour , Osei Adjei Emmanuel Kwadwo , Yankey Michael , Awindaogo Joseph Kebo , Jackson Emmanuel , Bankah Patrick
Published: January 2025

Background: Pituitary apoplexy is a life-threatening condition in which there is a hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. It can be characterized by the sudden onset of headaches, vomiting, visual impairment, endocrine deficits, and changes in consciousness. There are very few cases of pituitary apoplexy presenting as strokes in children. We report a rare occurrence of an ischemic stroke in the left anterior and middle cerebral artery territories, caused by pituitary apoplexy from a prolactinoma in a 13-year-old male which was managed medically.
Case Presentation:  He presented with worsening headaches and visual acuity and later developed left oculomotor nerve palsy, right hemiplegia, and dysarthria. MRI and CT imaging confirmed an apoplectic pituitary macroadenoma with internal carotid artery encasement and infarction in the territory of the left middle and anterior cerebral arteries. The patient was treated using dopamine agonists, which led to a decrease in tumor size and serum prolactin levels without surgery.
Conclusion: This report emphasizes the need to promptly recognize pituitary apoplexy as a potential cause of stroke in children. It also illustrates successful medical management in these cases, which could be especially important in areas with limited resources
Celebrating Five Years of Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery – 2019-2024
Authors: De Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Ballestero Matheus
Published: January 2025

This year marks a significant milestone for the Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery (APN): five years since its launch in 2019. As we reflect on this journey, we are reminded of the bold vision that inspired its creation—a dedicated platform to advance knowledge, foster collaboration, and support the growth of pediatric neurosurgery in Latin America as well worldwide.
Over the past five years, the journal has published groundbreaking studies, comprehensive reviews, and insightful case reports that have informed practice and enriched the global pediatric neurosurgery community.
 
APN was founded in a period when the field of pediatric neurosurgery was rapidly evolving. Advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and molecular biology were transforming patient outcomes, but the need for a focused publication to curate and disseminate these developments was palpable. The journal rose to this challenge, filling a critical gap with an emphasis on high-quality, open-access publishing.
 
The journal has consistently adhered to the highest standards of peer review, ensuring the scientific rigor and ethics of its publications. Its prestigious editorial board has brought together diverse perspectives, bridging gaps across continents and creating a truly global platform.
 
APN has embraced innovation in publishing, from adopting cutting-edge digital platforms to integrating multimedia content such as surgical clinical videos . These efforts have enhanced the journal’s accessibility and utility for readers, making it a valuable resource for clinicians and educators alike.
 
As APN celebrates its fifth anniversary, it is a moment of gratitude and renewed purpose. We are grateful to the authors, reviewers, editorial team, and readers who have supported this endeavor. Their collective efforts have made APN a respected voice in pediatric neurosurgery.
The journey ahead is as exciting as the one behind. Emerging areas like neurogenetics, minimally invasive techniques, and AI-driven diagnostics hold promise for the future.
As we celebrate this milestone, we reaffirm our commitment to excellence, inclusivity, and service to the global pediatric neurosurgery community. Here's to many more years of advancing the care of our youngest patients, one article at a time.
Exploring Motivation and Challenges: Online Professional Teacher Education (PPG) for Pre-Elderly Students in Indonesia
Authors: Karnadi Karnadi , Istiyani Dwi
Published: January 2025

Limited technological mastery challenges pre-elderly students participating in online Teacher Professional Education (PPG) programs. This study explores their motivation and obstacles through a mixed research approach. Four key motivational factors were identified: intrinsic, career, social, and economic. These factors drive their decision to pursue further education in teaching. However, technological and digital skill limitations remain significant barriers. Institutional support addresses these challenges such as specialized digital training and mentoring. Such initiatives help students critically reflect on their limitations and shift their perspectives on online learning. Aligning with Jack Mezirow's transformative learning theory, this process emphasizes critical reflection to overcome obstacles and foster perspective changes. Ultimately, this approach enables pre-elderly students to effectively achieve their learning goals, enhancing their contributions to academic and professional communities.
The Feasibility of Online Module with ICARE Learning Model Flow Based on Ubiquitous Learning Class
Authors: Hanizar Evi , Triwahyuni Eges , Pramana Atan
Published: January 2025

Online learning started with the emergence of Internet technology and has been increasingly used during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it has raised many problems, such as limitations in presenting material (monotonous and uninteresting), building activeness, and difficulty creating interaction between lecturers and students and between students. Moreover, online learning is more stressful than regular classroom sessions because students have to study alone. The absence of clearly structured learning steps makes it difficult for them to focus. Therefore, this research aims to develop an independent online learning module based on ubiquitous classrooms with a structured and systematic flow called Introduce, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE). Furthermore, it determines the eligibility of the module using an ADDIE design for education, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. All stages resulted in an eligible online module with an u-learning class ICARE flow in the Learning Media course.