bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic oxidation of arsenite to arsenate by Cu(ii)–chitosan/O2in Fenton-like reaction, a XANES investigation
Authors: Pincus Lauren N. , Gonzalez Isabel S. , Stavitski Eli , Zimmerman Julie B.
Published: July 2020

Simultaneous oxidation of As(iii) to As(v) and adsorption of As(v) by Cu(ii)–chitosan. Arsenic oxidation occursviaa Cu(ii)–chitosan catalyzed Fenton-like reaction.
Electrochemical treatment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in brines
Authors: Schaefer Charles E. , Tran Danielle , Fang Yida , Choi Youn Jeong , Higgins Christopher P. , Strathmann Timothy J.
Published: July 2020

Bench-scale experiments were performed to evaluate the electrochemical oxidation, via direct anodic oxidation and indirect oxidation from salt-derived species, of diluted aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) in brine solutions.
Tuning regioselective oxidation toward phenol via atomically dispersed iron sites on carbon
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Zhang Pengfei , Xiong Hailong , Sun Xiaoyan , Klyushin Alexander , Zhang Bingsen , Liu Zigeng , Zhang Jinshui , Zhu Huiyuan , Qiao Zhen-An , Heumann Saskia , Dai Sheng
Published: July 2020

Inspired by iron enzymes exhibiting a high level of selectivity in hydrocarbon oxidation reactions, a biomimetic iron-based heterogeneous catalyst is developed to achieve remarkable activity and unprecedented selectivity toward phenol oxidation.
Amnion-on-a-chip: modeling human amniotic development in mid-gestation from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhu Yujuan , Wang Hui , Yin Fangchao , Guo Yaqiong , Li Fei , Gao Dong , Qin Jianhua
Published: July 2020

We generated amnion-like cavities from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a perfused 3D microenvironment, resembling human amniotic development in mid-gestation.
A3- and A2B-fluorocorroles: synthesis, X-ray characterization and antiviral activity evaluation against human cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Kappler-Gratias Sandrine , Bucher Léo , Desbois Nicolas , Rousselin Yoann , Bystricky Kerstin , Gros Claude P. , Gallardo Franck
Published: July 2020

New generation of anti hCMV molecules: 29 fluorinated corroles were studied for their antiviral activity evaluation against human cytomegalovirus infection and maximum activity is achieved for A2B-corroles with SI above 400.
An integrative toolbox to unlock the structure and dynamics of protein–surfactant complexes
Authors: Sanchez-Fernandez Adrian , Diehl Carl , Houston Judith E. , Leung Anna E. , Tellam James P. , Rogers Sarah E. , Prevost Sylvain , Ulvenlund Stefan , Sjögren Helen , Wahlgren Marie
Published: July 2020

A holistic approach is developed for investigating the interaction mechanism between proteins and surfactants in solution.
The quantum dot-FRET-based detection of vitamin B12 at a picomolar level
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi , Roy Shilaj , Bhandari Satyapriya
Published: July 2020

The picomolar level detection of vitamin B12 using orange-emitting Mn2+-doped ZnS quantum dots is described herein.
The synthesis and biological evaluation of virtually designed fluoroquinolone analogs against fluoroquinolone-resistantEscherichia coliintended for UTI treatment
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Sakthivel , Irfan Navabshan , Senthilkumar Chinnaiyan , Umamaheswari Appavoo , Puratchikody Ayarivan
Published: July 2020

Synthesis and evaluvate the supercoiling activity of the virtually screened novel fluoroquinolone analogs against fluoroquinolone-resistantEscherichia colifor the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Investigation of the photocatalytic potential enhancement of silica monolith decorated tin oxide nanoparticles through experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Khan Idrees , Khan Adnan Ali , Khan Ibrahim , Usman Muhammad , Sadiq Muhammad , Ali Faiz , Saeed Khalid
Published: July 2020

Photodegradation of organic pollutants is considered to be the most suitable and cheaper technique to counter decontamination issues.
Simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen and tryptophan using a composite graphene foam/Zr-MOF film modified electrode
Authors: Kemmegne-Mbouguen Justin Claude , Tchoumi Firmin Parfait , Mouafo-Tchinda Edwige , Langmi Henrietta W. , Bambalaza Sonwabo E. , Musyoka Nicholas M. , Kowenje Chrispin , Mokaya Robert
Published: July 2020

Derived synergistic effect of a composite results in high selectivity and sensitivity with low detection limits and wide concentration ranges.
Enzyme immobilization in highly ordered macro–microporous metal–organic frameworks for rapid biodegradation of hazardous dyes
Authors: Li Shu-Fan , Zhai Xue-Jing , Zhang Chong , Mo Hui-Lin , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: July 2020

HRP immobilized in highly ordered macro–microporous metal–organic frameworks for biodegradation of hazardous dyes selectively and rapidly.
Multiscale engineering of functional organic polymer interfaces for neuronal stimulation and recording
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Zhang Qihan , Wang He , Wang Mingfeng
Published: July 2020

This review summarizes recent progress on chemistry and engineering techniques of organic polymers across a range of electrically insulating polymers, semiconducting polymers and conducting polymers for neural interfacing, stimulation and recording.
Catalytic enantioselective alkylation of 2-alkoxy-tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Liu Xuan , Sun Shaofa , Wang Gang , Bai Zhushuang , Pang Jingxiang , Liu Lei
Published: July 2020

A nickel(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of non-resonance-stabilized oxocarbenium ions with carboxylic acid derivatives on a large scale has been disclosed.
Natural carbolines inspired the discovery of chiral CarOx ligands for asymmetric synthesis and antifungal leads
Authors: Lai Jixing , Li Wei , Wei Sanyue , Li Shengkun
Published: July 2020

Natural carboline-inspired novel chiral β-CarOx ligands were designed and synthesized for asymmetric synthesis and discovery of antifungal leads.
Development and characterization of a babassu nut oil-based moisturizing cosmetic emulsion with a high sun protection factor
Authors: Silva Michael Jackson Ferreira da , Rodrigues Alisson Mendes , Vieira Italo Rennan Sousa , Neves Gelmires de Araújo , Menezes Romualdo Rodrigues , Gonçalves Eloisa da Graça do Rosário , Pires Maria Célia Costa
Published: July 2020

A stable moisturizing cosmetic emulsion was developed from babassu nut oil and high concentrations of sunscreens.
Systematic investigation of the magneto-electronic structure and optical properties of new halide double perovskites Cs2NaMCl6 (M = Mn, Co and Ni) by spin polarized calculations
Authors: Mir Shabir Ahmad , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: July 2020

The unpaired electrons in the crystal field splitted d-orbitals of the M-site constituents are responsible for the half metallicity and magnetic character of the halide double perovskites.
Nano-MOF@defected film C3N4 Z-scheme composite for visible-light photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Ding Zhu , Wang Shuo , Chang Xue , Wang Dan-Hong , Zhang Tianhao
Published: July 2020

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has attracted extensive attention in recent years.
Defect ferromagnetism induced by lower valence cation doping: Li-doped SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Akbar S. , Hasanain S. K. , Ivashenko O. , Dutka M. V. , Ali N. Z. , Blake G. R. , De Hosson J. Th. M. , Rudolf P.
Published: July 2020

To explore the role of Li in establishing room-temperature ferromagnetism in SnO2, the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Li-doped SnO2 compounds were studied for different size regimes, from nanoparticles to bulk crystals.
Polymer wrapping-induced dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes in ethylene glycol under mild sonication
Authors: Kim Dukeun , Lee Taeheon , Kwon Minho , Paik Hyun-jong , Han Jong Hun , Kang Min , Choi Jueun , Hong Seungki , Kim Yoong Ahm
Published: July 2020

The dispersion of bundled SWCNTs via helical wrapping of polymer chains along their sidewalls.
High-sensitivity, fast-response flexible pressure sensor for electronic skin using direct writing printing
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Lin Xitong , Mo Deyun , Xia Xiaoqun , Gong Manfeng , Lian Haishan , Luo Yihui
Published: July 2020

Bionic electronic skin with human sensory capabilities has attracted extensive research interest, which has been applied in the fields of medical health diagnosis, wearable electronics, human–computer interaction, and bionic prosthetics.
Blackbody emission from CaF2and ZrO2nanosized dielectric particles doped with Er3+ions
Authors: Ryabochkina P. A. , Khrushchalina S. A. , Yurlov I. A. , Egorysheva A. V. , Atanova A. V. , Veselova V. O. , Kyashkin V. M.
Published: July 2020

We have revealed that band gap of the material and the presence of crystal structure defects are key factors contributing to the appearance of thermal emission in dielectric nanoparticles doped with RE ions under intense laser excitation.
High response photochromic films based on D–A diarylethenes and their application in holography
Authors: Mantero Maria Chiara , Oggioni Luca , Pariani Giorgio , Ortica Fausto , Tosi Silvano , Canepa Maurizio , Bertarelli Chiara , Tommasini Matteo , Bianco Andrea
Published: July 2020

Photochromic diarylethenes with D–A structure are good candidates in holography thanks to their very large modulation of the complex refractive index.
3D carbon framework-supported FeSe for high-performance potassium ion batteries
Authors: Deng Jianhua , Huang Xianglong , Gao Wei , Liu Hongdong , Xu Maowen
Published: July 2020

FeSe@C with a 3D porous interconnected carbon framework is used as the anode for potassium ion batteries (PIBs).
Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review
Authors: Chakrabarti Barun Kumar , Kalamaras Evangelos , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Bertei Antonio , Rubio-Garcia J. , Yufit Vladimir , Tenny Kevin M. , Wu Billy , Tariq Farid , Hajimolana Yashar S. , Brandon Nigel P. , John Low Chee Tong , Roberts Edward P. L. , Chiang Yet-Ming , Brushett Fikile R.
Published: July 2020

A review of micro to macro-scale activities, challenges and perspectives for redox flow battery modelling is presented.
Control of the molecular orientation in small molecule-based organic photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Liang , Guo Shengwei , Zhou Ke , Ma Wei
Published: July 2020

Key factors that affect the orientation control of small molecules, as well as their effects on the photovoltaic properties, are discussed.
A novel integrated CO2 capture and direct methanation process using Ni/CaO catal-sorbents
Authors: Jo Seong Bin , Woo Jin Hyeok , Lee Jong Heon , Kim Tae Young , Kang Hu In , Lee Soo Chool , Kim Jae Chang
Published: July 2020

A Ni/CaO catal-sorbent could be used to reduce the required thermal energy by converting the captured CO2 to CH4 under H2 at temperatures lower than those required for conventional decarbonation.
Perfluorinated gallium phthalocyanine axially grafted black phosphorus nanosheets for optical limiting
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Bin , Dong Ningning , Wang Jun , Chen Yu
Published: July 2020

Fluorine-containing gallium phthalocyanine (F16PcGa) axially grafted black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets (F16PcGa–BP) were synthesized by reaction of F16PcGaCl with 4-hydroxylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate-functionalized BP (4-HBT-BP). In contrast to BP and F16PcGaCl, F16PcGa–BP exhibits better nonlinear optical and optical limiting responses at 532 nm.
Strong coupling and energy funnelling in an electrically conductive organic blend
Authors: Rahme Matthew S. , Sabatini Randy P. , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Wawrzinek Robert , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Lo Shih-Chun , Lakhwani Girish
Published: July 2020

A host–guest matrix enables both strong exciton-photon coupling and efficient energy transfer. This combination holds promise toward reduced laser thresholds and eventual electrical injection.
“Hot-node” controlled facile synthesis of 3D rare earth micro-networks with symmetry deviation induced high luminescence
Authors: Chen Bin-Bin , Lv Jian , Chang Shuai , Wang Xiao-Yuan , Qian Ruo-Can , Li Da-Wei
Published: July 2020

This work develops a facile and gram-scale synthetic strategy controlled by “hot-nodes” for the preparation of high luminescence 3D assembled RE-MNs with a symmetry deviation induced transition effect.
Cepstral Peak Prominence Values for Clinical Voice Evaluation
Authors: Murton Olivia , Hillman Robert , Mehta Daryush
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The goal of this study was to employ frequently used analysis methods and tasks to identify values for cepstral peak prominence (CPP) that can aid clinical voice evaluation. Experiment 1 identified CPP values to distinguish speakers with and without voice disorders. Experiment 2 was an initial attempt to estimate auditory-perceptual ratings of overall dysphonia severity using CPP values.

Method

CPP was computed using the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV) program and Praat. Experiment 1 included recordings from 295 patients with medically diagnosed voice disorders and 50 vocally healthy control speakers. Speakers produced sustained /a/ vowels and the English language Rainbow Passage. CPP cutoff values that best distinguished patient and control speakers were identified. Experiment 2 analyzed recordings from 32 English speakers with varying dysphonia severity and provided preliminary validation of the Experiment 1 cutoffs. Speakers sustained the /a/ vowel and read four sentences from the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice protocol. Trained listeners provided auditory-perceptual ratings of overall dysphonia for the recordings, which were estimated using CPP values in a linear regression model whose performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (
r
2
).

Results

Experiment 1 identified CPP cutoff values of 11.46 dB (ADSV) and 14.45 dB (Praat) for the sustained /a/ vowels and 6.11 dB (ADSV) and 9.33 dB (Praat) for the Rainbow Passage. CPP values below those thresholds indicated the presence of a voice disorder with up to 94.5% accuracy. In Experiment 2, CPP values estimated ratings of overall dysphonia with
r
2
values up to .74.

Conclusions

The CPP cutoff values identified in Experiment 1 provide normative reference points for clinical voice evaluation based on sustained /a/ vowels and the Rainbow Passage. Experiment 2 provides an initial predictive framework that can be used to relate CPP values to the auditory perception of overall dysphonia severity based on sustained /a/ vowels and Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice sentences.
Outcomes for Feeding Tube-Dependent Children With Oral Aversion in an Intensive Interdisciplinary Treatment Program
Authors: Bandstra Nancy F. , Huston Parker L. , Zvonek Kate , Heinz Carly , Piccione Emily
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Feeding challenges in children are common, at times reaching a severity that requires the placement and long-term use of enteral feedings. A significant barrier to advancing the oral eating of some tube-dependent children is the presence of oral aversion. Although some research exists regarding the treatment of tube-dependent children who are averse to food or the process of eating, specifically, there has yet to be an examination of children who are truly “orally” averse—resisting not just the presentation of food or liquid but also nonnutritive stimuli presented extra- or intra-orally.

Method

Using a retrospective chart review, the current study aimed to examine the treatment outcomes of 18 feeding tube-dependent children with significant oral aversion (nine boys, nine girls;
M
age
= 46.7 months,
SD
= 20.0 months, range: 11.4–89.3 months) as compared to 29 tube-dependent, but nonorally averse, clinical controls. Children completed approximately 6–8 weeks of intensive interdisciplinary feeding treatment.

Results

Analyses revealed significant improvements in all measured treatment outcomes for both patient groups, including children's rates of acceptance and maladaptive mealtime behavior. Significant reductions in tube use were also observed across both groups, with tube utilization decreasing, on average, by 76.2% for orally averse and by 64.3% for nonorally averse children by program discharge.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of intensive interdisciplinary intervention for both groups of tube-dependent children, highlighting that orally averse children, believed to be an especially challenging subset of pediatric feeding patients, demonstrate similarly positive treatment responses. Interestingly, in this preliminary examination, orally averse children demonstrated significantly greater reductions in tube utilization following discharge when compared with their nonorally averse clinical peers.
Differential Neurobehavioral Effects of Cross-Modal Selective Priming on Phonetic and Emotional Prosodic Information in Late Second Language Learners
Authors: Kao Chieh , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Spoken language is inherently multimodal and multidimensional in natural settings, but very little is known about how second language (L2) learners undertake multilayered speech signals with both phonetic and affective cues. This study investigated how late L2 learners undertake parallel processing of linguistic and affective information in the speech signal at behavioral and neurophysiological levels.

Method

Behavioral and event-related potential measures were taken in a selective cross-modal priming paradigm to examine how late L2 learners (
N
= 24,
M
age
= 25.54 years) assessed the congruency of phonetic (target vowel: /a/ or /i/) and emotional (target affect: happy or angry) information between the visual primes of facial pictures and the auditory targets of spoken syllables.

Results

Behavioral accuracy data showed a significant congruency effect in affective (but not phonetic) priming. Unlike a previous report on monolingual first language (L1) users, the L2 users showed no facilitation in reaction time for congruency detection in either selective priming task. The neurophysiological results revealed a robust N400 response that was stronger in the phonetic condition but without clear lateralization and that the N400 effect was weaker in late L2 listeners than in monolingual L1 listeners. Following the N400, late L2 learners showed a weaker late positive response than the monolingual L1 users, particularly in the left central to posterior electrode regions.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate distinct patterns of behavioral and neural processing of phonetic and affective information in L2 speech with reduced neural representations in both the N400 and the later processing stage, and they provide an impetus for further research on similarities and differences in L1 and L2 multisensory speech perception in bilingualism.
Long photometric cycle and disk evolution in the β Lyrae-type binary OGLE-BLG-ECL-157529
Authors: Mennickent R. E. , Garcés J. , Djurašević G. , Iwanek P. , Schleicher D. , Poleski R. , Soszyński I.
Published: July 2020

Context. The subtype of hot algol semidetached binaries dubbed double periodic variables (DPVs) are characterized by a photometric cycle longer than the orbital one, whose nature has been related to a magnetic dynamo in the donor component controlling the mass transfer rate.

Aims. We aim to understand the morphologic changes observed in the light curve of OGLE-BLG-ECL-157529 that are linked to the long cycle. In particular, we want to explain the changes in the relative depth of primary and secondary eclipses.

Methods. We analyzed I and V-band OGLE photometric times series spanning 18.5 years and modeled the orbital light curve.

Results. We find that OGLE-BLG-ECL-157529 is a new eclipsing Galactic DPV of orbital period 24d​​.8, and that its long cycle length decreases in amplitude and length during the time baseline. We show that the changes in the orbital light curve can be reproduced considering an accretion disk of variable thickness and radius that surrounds the hottest stellar component. Our models indicate changes in the temperatures of the hot spot and the bright spot during the long cycle, and also in the position of the bright spot. This, along with the changes in disk radius, might indicate a variable mass transfer in this system.
The ALMA-PILS survey: first detection of the unsaturated 3-carbon molecules Propenal (C2H3CHO) and Propylene (C3H6) towards IRAS 16293–2422 B
Authors: Manigand S. , Coutens A. , Loison J.-C. , Wakelam V. , Calcutt H. , Müller H. S. P. , Jørgensen J. K. , Taquet V. , Wampfler S. F. , Bourke T. L. , Kulterer B. M. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Ligterink N. F. W.
Published: July 2020

Context.Complex organic molecules with three carbon atoms are found in the earliest stages of star formation. In particular, propenal (C2H3CHO) is a species of interest due to its implication in the formation of more complex species and even biotic molecules.

Aims.This study aims to search for the presence of C2H3CHO and other three-carbon species such as propylene (C3H6) in the hot corino region of the low-mass protostellar binary IRAS 16293–2422 to understand their formation pathways.

Methods.We use ALMA observations in Band 6 and 7 from various surveys to search for the presence of C3H6and C2H3CHO towards the protostar IRAS 16293–2422 B (IRAS 16293B). The identification of the species and the estimates of the column densities and excitation temperatures are carried out by modeling the observed spectrum under the assumption of local thermodynamical equilibrium.

Results.We report the detection of both C3H6and C2H3CHO towards IRAS 16293B, however, no unblended lines were found towards the other component of the binary system, IRAS 16293A. We derive column density upper limits for C3H8, HCCCHO,n-C3H7OH,i-C3H7OH, C3O, and cis-HC(O)CHO towards IRAS 16293B. We then use a three-phase chemical model to simulate the formation of these species in a typical prestellar environment followed by its hydrodynamical collapse until the birth of the central protostar. Different formation paths, such as successive hydrogenation and radical-radical additions on grain surfaces, are tested and compared to the observational results in a number of different simulations, to assess which are the dominant formation mechanisms in the most embedded region of the protostar.

Conclusions.The simulations reproduce the abundances within one order of magnitude from those observed towards IRAS 16293B, with the best agreement found for a rate of 10−12cm3s−1for the gas-phase reaction C3+ O → C2+ CO. Successive hydrogenations of C3, HC(O)CHO, and CH3OCHO on grain surfaces are a major and crucial formation route of complex organics molecules, whereas both successive hydrogenation pathways and radical-radical addition reactions contribute to the formation of C2H5CHO.
3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A
Authors: Giommi P. , Padovani P. , Oikonomou F. , Glauch T. , Paiano S. , Resconi E.
Published: July 2020

The uncertainty region of the highly energetic neutrino IceCube200107A includes 3HSP J095507.9+355101 (z = 0.557), an extreme blazar, which was detected in a high, very hard, and variable X-ray state shortly after the neutrino arrival. Following a detailed multiwavelength investigation, we confirm that the source is a genuine BL Lac. This new detection differs from TXS 0506+056, which is thus far the first source associated with IceCube neutrinos, and is considered a “masquerading” BL Lac. As in the case of TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9+355101 is also way off the so-called blazar sequence. We consider 3HSP J095507.9+355101 a possible counterpart to the IceCube neutrino. Finally, we discuss some theoretical implications in terms of neutrino production.
RAPTOR
Authors: Bronzwaer T. , Younsi Z. , Davelaar J. , Falcke H.
Published: July 2020

Context. Accreting supermassive black holes are sources of polarized radiation that propagates through highly curved spacetime before reaching the observer. Accurate and efficient numerical schemes for polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime are needed to help interpret observations of such polarized emission.

Aims. We aim to extend our publicly available radiative transfer code RAPTOR to include polarized radiative transfer, so that it can produce simulated polarized observations of accreting black holes. The RAPTOR code must remain compatible with arbitrary spacetimes and it must be efficient in operation, despite the added complexity of polarized radiative transfer.

Methods. We provide a brief review of various codes and methods for covariant polarized radiative transfer available in the literature and existing codes, and we present an efficient new scheme. For the spacetime propagation aspect of the computation, we developed a compact, Lorentz-invariant representation of a polarized ray. For the plasma-propagation aspect of the computation, we performed a formal analysis of the stiffness of the polarized radiative-transfer equation with respect to our explicit integrator. We also developed a hybrid integration scheme that switches to an implicit integrator in case of stiffness in order to solve the equation with optimal speed and accuracy for all possible values of the local optical/Faraday thickness of the plasma.

Results. We performed a comprehensive code verification by solving a number of well-known test problems using RAPTOR and comparing its output to exact solutions. We also demonstrate convergence with existing polarized radiative-transfer codes in the context of complex astrophysical problems, where we found that the integrated flux densities for all Stokes parameters converged to excellent agreement.

Conclusions. The RAPTOR code is capable of performing polarized radiative transfer in arbitrary, highly curved spacetimes. This capability is crucial for interpreting polarized observations of accreting black holes, which can yield information about the magnetic-field configuration in such accretion flows. The efficient formalism implemented in RAPTOR is computationally light and conceptually simple. The code is publicly available.
Übersicht über die bisher publizierten gastroenterologischen Empfehlungen der „Klug entscheiden“-Initiative
Authors: van Leeuwen Pia
Published: July 2020

ZusamMenfassung

Dieses Kapitel zeigt eine Übersicht über alle im Rahmen der Initiative „Klug entscheiden“ bisher publizierten gastroenterologischen Klug entscheiden-Empfehlungen.
Rekanalisierung durch Sondierung mit Oggel-Sonden-Implantation bei erworbener Tränenwegsstenose
Authors: Baier Markus Arthur , Mikielewicz Marek , Lang Gerhard K. , Kampmeier Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund Die Rekanalisierung und bikanalikuläre Schienung der Tränenwege mit Silikonschlauch stellt bei erworbenen Tränenwegsstenosen eine Therapieoption dar, nach der häufig Restenosierungen beobachtet werden. Ziel war die Analyse des Therapieerfolges der Oggel-Sonden-Implantation nach Tränenwegsspülung und -sondierung, Erfassung weiterer Beschwerdemerkmale sowie ein Literaturvergleich.

Patienten/Material und Methodik Die retrospektive Datenerhebung erfolgte mithilfe von Patientenakten sowie Fragebogen an Patienten und deren behandelnde Augenfachärzte, in denen die subjektive Beschwerdefreiheit sowie weitere Beschwerdemerkmale zu 3 Zeitpunkten nach Oggel-Sonden-Explantation eruiert wurden: unmittelbar, nach 1 Monat und 1 Jahr. Eingeschlossen wurden 82 durchgeführte Eingriffe an der Augenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Ulm zwischen 2006 und 2015. Der Einfluss von Risikofaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg wurde statistisch mittels logistischer Regressionsanalyse und Mann-Whitney-U-Test bestimmt. Ein Untergruppenvergleich wurde mit dem Pearson-Chi-Quadrat-Test und dem Exakten Fisher-Test auf signifikante Unterschiede sowie mit einer Kaplan-Meier-Analyse determiniert.

Ergebnisse Direkt nach Oggel-Sonden-Explantation lag die Beschwerdefreiheit bei 80,8%, nach 1 Monat sank sie auf 61,6% und nach 1 Jahr betrug sie 42,5% im Patientenkollektiv (n = 82). Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede bez. Stenoselokalisation, Patientenalter oder Geschlecht. Ebenso konnte kein signifikanter Einfluss des Patientenalters, der präoperativen Beschwerdedauer sowie von Risikofaktoren, die für Tränenwegsstenosen prädisponieren, nachgewiesen werden. Eine Kaplan-Meier-Analyse lieferte für den Zeitraum eines Jahres eine Wahrscheinlichkeit der Beschwerdefreiheit von 52,2% für das Patientenkollektiv sowie eine mittlere Dauer der Beschwerdefreiheit von 34,2 Wochen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen eine prognostische Einschätzung des Therapieerfolges bei fehlenden signifikanten Unterschieden in den Untergruppen. Der Therapieerfolg nach Oggel-Sonden-Implantation lag im unteren Drittel vergleichbarer Studien. Die Ergebnisse des zeitlich progredient abnehmenden Therapieerfolges bestätigen die Beobachtungen anderer Studien. Der Literaturvergleich gestaltete sich methodisch erschwert aufgrund abweichender Studienmerkmale, für zukünftige Studien wäre eine Vereinheitlichung sinnvoll.
Heimweh – eine systematische Übersicht zum Vorkommen und den Folgen eines Phänomens von aktueller Relevanz
Authors: Beschoner Petra , Sosic-Vasic Zrinka , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia
Published: July 2020

Einleitung Heimweh ist ein Phänomen vieler Kulturen. Die internationale Forschung beschäftigt sich mit diesem Thema, nicht so in Deutschland. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, das Phänomen Heimweh dem Leser aus wissenschaftlicher und psychiatrischer Sicht näherzubringen, Evidenz zu vermitteln und ein Bewusstsein für die Aktualität zu schaffen.

Methodik Systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken „Psyndex“, „Pubmed“ und „google scholar“.

Ergebnisse Die Angaben zur Häufigkeit schwanken in unterschiedlichen Populationen von 20–90 %, was v. a. an uneinheitlichen Definitionen von Heimweh und den unterschiedlichen Messinstrumenten liegt. Die klinischen Folgen reichen von Schlafstörungen über Depressivität bis hin zu sozialen Auffälligkeiten.

Schlussfolgerung Migrationsbewegungen, steigende Prävalenz psychischer Erkrankungen und aus Heimweh resultierende Beeinträchtigungen machen deutlich, wie wichtig ein modernes Verständnis von Heimweh ist.
The S2-Alar-Iliac Screw for Pelvic Trauma
Authors: Hartensuer Rene , Grüneweller Niklas , Lodde Moritz Friedrich , Evers Julia , Riesenbeck Oliver , Raschke Michael
Published: July 2020

Percutaneous sacro-iliac screw osteosynthesis is considered to be standard of care for most posterior pelvic ring fractures. However, special situations require alternative strategies for sufficient stabilization. In these cases, stabilization can often be achieved using posterior instrumentation e.g. using SIPS-screws (spina-iliaca-posterior-superior screws). However, this often leads to implant-related aggravation of the sometimes already critical soft tissue conditions after pelvic trauma. S2-Ala-Ilium screws (S2AI screws) are a suitable alternative. The starting point lies medial of the posterior superior iliac spine below the iliac level. It is almost in line with a potential spinal instrumentation and therefore usually causes fewer soft tissue problems. Although this technique has been widely used in spinal surgery in recent years, its use in orthopaedic traumatology is largely unknown. The possibilities but also the limitations of this technique for the treatment
of injuries to the pelvis are illustrated by this retrospective case series.
Fragility Fractures of the Pelvic Ring – Does the Evidence of Oedema Lead us to More Surgeries?
Authors: Lang Patricia , Sterneder Manuel , Riesner Hans-Joachim , Hackenbroch Carsten , Friemert Benedikt , Palm Hans-Georg
Published: July 2020

Introduction The choice of therapy for fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) is largely determined by the diagnosed fracture morphology. It is now unclear whether the change in diagnostic options – sensitive detection of fracture oedema in the sacrum using MRI and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) – has an impact on the therapeutic consequences. The aim of this retrospective study was therefore to evaluate the change in the diagnostics used and the resulting therapy regimen in our patient population.

Materials and Methods We performed a monocentric-retrospective analysis of 196 patients with a fragility fracture of the pelvis in our clinic (national TraumaZentrum® DGU and SAV approval) in the period from 2008 to 2017. We examined changes in epidemiology, diagnostics/classification and therapy of the pelvic ring fractures treated by us.

Results The diagnostic procedures used are subject to a clear change towards oedema detection using MRI and DECT. The graduation has changed towards more severe forms of fracture after FFP. There is now also an increasing proportion of patients treated by surgery (2008 – 2009: 5.3% vs. 2015 – 2017: 60.3%).

Conclusion We were able to show that the introduction of sensitive diagnostic procedures coincided with a higher classification of the fractures. It is also noteworthy that the increase in operations is not only due to a higher degree of classification; also in relative terms, more patients are operated on within type FFP II.
Flipped Ophthalmology Classroom: A Better Way to Teach Medical Students
Authors: Diel Ryan J. , Avdic Armin , Kemp Pavlina S.
Published: July 2020

Objective While medical education has generally progressed, advancements in ophthalmic education have been minimal. The flipped classroom technique is a research-supported approach to adult learning that encourages active participation. The effectiveness of widely implementing the flipped classroom modality in ophthalmology had not been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a flipped classroom, primary care-focused curriculum for medical students in their ophthalmology clerkship.

Methods The ophthalmology clerkship curriculum was changed from a traditional, diagnosis-focused, lecture-based system to a chief complaint-based, flipped classroom structure. The study was performed over a 3-year period from 2016 (full traditional lecture-based system) to 2018 (full flipped classroom structure). Medical students' evaluations of the clerkship, recorded lecture viewership, and exam scores were retrospectively reviewed. Cohorts from study years 2016 and 2018 were used to assess knowledge acquisition and the attitudes of learners after implementing a flipped classroom structure.

Results The primary care-focused, flipped classroom received a higher clerkship rating than the diagnosis-based traditional classroom (mean 4.18 vs. 3.82, respectively, p = 0.008). Students of the flipped classroom modality found the teaching sessions more valuable, experienced more direct interaction with faculty and residents, regarded the faculty and residents as excellent teachers, and received feedback that helped them assess their individual skills and progress. These improvements were made without changing test performance while only modestly increasing hours spent studying.

Conclusion A chief complaint-based, flipped classroom approach to the basic ophthalmology clerkship increased student satisfaction, without changing the amount of knowledge gained. This resulted in more valuable and effective learning experiences for medical students.
Is There a Role of Meniscal Morphology in the Risk of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture? A Case–Control Study
Authors: Unal Melih , Kose Ozkan , Aktan Cemil , Gumussuyu Gurkan , May Hasan , Kati Yusuf Alper
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomical risk factors and determine the role of meniscal morphology in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. A total of 126 patients (63 with noncontact ACL rupture and 63 age- and sex-matched controls) with intact menisci were included in this retrospective case–control study. On knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), meniscal morphometry (anterior, corpus, and posterior heights and widths of each meniscus), tibial slope (medial and lateral separately), notch width index, roof inclination angle, anteromedial bony ridge, tibial eminence area, and Q-angle measurements were assessed. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses to identify independent risk factors associated with ACL rupture. Using a univariate analysis, medial and lateral menisci anterior horn heights (p < 0.001; p < 0.003), medial and lateral menisci posterior horn heights (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), lateral meniscus corpus width (p < 0.004), and notch width index (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group. Lateral tibial slope (p < 0.001) and anteromedial bony ridge thickness (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the ACL rupture group. Multivariate analysis revealed that decreased medial meniscus posterior horn height (odds ratio [OR]: 0.242; p < 0.001), increased lateral meniscus corpus width (OR: 2.118; p < 0.002), increased lateral tibial slope (OR: 1.95; p < 0.001), and decreased notch width index (OR: 0.071; p = 0.046) were independent risk factors for ACL rupture. Notch stenosis, increased lateral tibial slope, decreased medial meniscus posterior horn height, and increased lateral meniscus corpus width are independent anatomical risk factors for ACL rupture. Meniscal morphological variations also play a role in ACL injury. This is a Level III, retrospective case–control study.
Coronary Bifurcation Lesion–Management
Authors: Jyotsna Maddury
Published: July 2020

Coronary bifurcation lesion management is challenging even in this modern era of drug-eluting stents (DES). A debate always exists as to what mode of treatment is better–one-stent or two-stent strategy. As in hospital and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are more in the follow-up, what improvements in management strategy are required in relation to bifurcation lesions? We have more questions than answers for this type of lesion. In this article, we try to analyze these issues.
The Neurocritical Care Society of India (NCSI) and the Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) Joint Position Statement and Advisory on the Practice of Neurocritical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vanamoorthy Ponniah , Singh Gyaninder P. , Bidkar Prasanna U. , Mitra Ranadhir , Sriganesh Kamath , Chavali Siddharth , Muthuchellapan Radhakrishnan , Keshavan Venkatesh H. , Anand Saurabh , Goyal Keshav , Yadav Rahul , Rath Girija P. , Srivastava Shashi
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread across the world including India. Management of patients complicated with neurological illness requiring neurocritical care is challenging during this time. Patients with neurological disease may develop COVID-19 infection or there could be independent neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Critically ill neurological patients are more vulnerable to contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also, neurological patients with comorbidities and multisystem involvement are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Though SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the pulmonary system, it can complicate the assessment and management of neurological patients. With increasing COVID-19 numbers, the hospitalizations of both non-COVID and COVID-19 neurological patients will bring significant strain on the hospital and neurocritical care facilities. Streamlining work pattern, understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its impact on neurological function, establishing general and specific neurocritical care management strategies, ensuring protection and well-being of health care providers, and implementing effective infection control policies are key elements of efficient neurocritical care management during this pandemic. This joint position statement and advisory on the practice of neurocritical care during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Neurocritical Care Society of India and the Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care has been developed to guide clinicians providing care to the critically ill neurological patients in the neurocritical care unit during the current pandemic. As the situation from this novel disease is rapidly evolving, readers must constantly update themselves with newly emerging evidence to provide the best possible care to the critically ill neurological patients.
Pulsed lasers aid in the homogeneous nucleation of oriented ice
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: July 2020

The nucleation occurs at temperatures higher than expected and with the homogeneous orientation of the ice crystals determined by the polarization of the laser.
Electron microscopy and spectroscopy demonstrate nanoscale features of barium titanate thin films
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: July 2020

Damaging crystals with large electric fields provides clues to crystalline structure.
Electron beam-induced nanopores in Bernal-stacked hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Gilbert S. Matt , Pham Thang , Shevitski Brian , Ercius Peter , Aloni Shaul , Zettl Alex , Cohen Marvin L.
Published: July 2020

Controlling the size and shape of nanopores in two-dimensional materials is a key challenge in applications such as DNA sequencing, sieving, and quantum emission in artificial atoms. We here experimentally and theoretically investigate triangular vacancies in (unconventional) Bernal-stacked AB-h-BN formed using a high-energy electron beam. Due to the geometric configuration of AB-h-BN, triangular pores in different layers are aligned, and their sizes are controlled by the duration of the electron irradiation. Interlayer covalent bonding at the vacancy edge is not favored, as opposed to what occurs in the more common AA′-stacked BN. A variety of monolayer, concentric, and bilayer pores in the bilayer AB-h-BN are observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and characterized using ab initio simulations. Bilayer pores in AB-h-BN are commonly formed and grow without breaking the bilayer character. Nanopores in AB-h-BN exhibit a wide range of electronic properties, ranging from half-metallic to non-magnetic and magnetic semiconductors. Therefore, because of the controllability of the pore size, the electronic structure is also highly controllable in these systems and can potentially be tuned for particular applications.
Dynamics of electrospun hydrogel filaments in oscillatory microchannel flows: A theoretical and experimental approach
Authors: Sankaran A. , Pawłowska S. , Pierini F. , Kowalewski T. A. , Yarin A. L.
Published: July 2020

The dynamics of highly flexible micro- and nano-filaments are important to a variety of biological, medical, and industrial problems. The filament configuration variation and cross-stream migration in a microchannel are affected by thermal fluctuations in addition to elastic and viscous forces. Here, hydrogel nano-filaments with small bending Young’s moduli are utilized to elucidate the transitional behavior of elastic Brownian filaments in an oscillatory microchannel flow. A numerical model based on chain elastic dumbbells similar to the Rouse–Zimm model accounting for elastic, viscous, and random Brownian forces is proposed and implemented. In addition, a theoretical model to describe the average orientation–deformation tensor evolution for an ensemble of filaments in an oscillatory flow is proposed. The results are compared with the evolution observed in the experiments.
Phase separation in amorphous tantalum oxide from first principles
Authors: Pedersen Christian Søndergaard , Chang Jin Hyun , Li Yang , Pryds Nini , Garcia Lastra Juan Maria
Published: July 2020

The transition between Ta2O5 and TaO2 governs resistive switching in tantalum oxide-based resistive random access memory. Despite its importance, the Ta2O5–TaO2 transition is scarcely described in the literature, in part because the tantalum oxide layer in devices is amorphous, which makes it difficult to characterize. In this paper, we use first-principles calculations to construct the convex hull of the amorphous Ta2O5−x system for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and show that oxygen deficiency in tantalum oxide leads to phase-separation into Ta2O5 and TaO2. In addition, our work challenges the conventional interpretation of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the Ta 4f orbitals. Specifically, we find that TaO2 exhibits both the Ta4+ peak associated with TaO2 and the Ta5+ peak normally associated with Ta2O5. While our simulated Ta2O5 peak originates from a narrow range of oxidation states, the TaO2 peak comes from disproportionated Ta atoms with Bader charges ranging from +3 to +1, the lowest of which are well below Ta atoms in crystalline TaO. Finally, we demonstrate that the XPS blueshift of around 1 eV observed experimentally in amorphous Ta2O5 with respect to crystalline Ta2O5 comes from both the presence of under-coordinated Ta atoms and longer Ta–O bond distances in the amorphous system. Our simulated XPS analysis shows that amorphous XPS spectra may be more complex than previously thought, and hence, caution should be applied when assigning XPS peaks to oxidation states.
Magnetization diffusion in duct flow: The magnetic entrance length and the interplay between hydrodynamic and magnetic timescales
Authors: de Carvalho Douglas Daniel , Gontijo Rafael Gabler
Published: July 2020

In this work, computational fluid dynamics simulations of a ferrofluid plane Poiseuille flow in the presence of a constant applied magnetic field are performed. The orientation of the field is perpendicular to the direction of the flow. An original numerical methodology for calculating magnetic and hydrodynamic fields is proposed, including an important discussion about an identified magnetization entrance region. Three different magnetization models are considered to calculate the magnetization field. These models are implemented and validated according to analytic and asymptotic theories, including the one developed in this manuscript. Discrepancies between the models are discussed and interpreted physically. An intricate balance between different physical mechanisms is shown to be responsible for a diffusive-like behavior of the magnetization field. This balance is governed by a competition between the flow’s vorticity and the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation. The physical parameters responsible for this non-equilibrium magnetization dynamics are identified and interpreted using the problem’s timescales. It seems that the combination of three different timescales governs the dynamics of non-equilibrium magnetization: the Brownian diffuse timescale, a hydrodynamic (convective) timescale, and a controllable magnetic timescale associated with the intensity of the applied magnetic field. The results indicate toward the possibility of controlling the development of the flow’s magnetization field through the applied magnetic field, particle size distribution, fluid concentration, and flow rate. In addition, several results are presented regarding the fully developed flow, including magnetization profiles and angles between the applied field H and the magnetization field M.