bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self Help Groups: An Approach for Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in India
Authors: Sihag Rijul , Vermani Savita
Published: March 2022

The concept of Self Help Groups (SHGs) is a helpful instrument for the economic empowerment of women. As Haryana is one of the developed states of India, however, the growth and share of Haryana’s SHG is very marginal in total SHGs of India. The empowerment of women is crucial for the economic development of a nation and also plays a key role in building a base for change (Nandal et al. 2019). It generates income and also provides flexible working hours according to the needs of homemakers. To study the empowerment of women through entrepreneurial activities of self help groups, this particular research was conducted over the year 2015-16 with the specific objective to identify the income generating activities and investigate the effectiveness of SHGs actively working under the Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hast Shilp Yojana (AHVY) in Haryana. Also, to analyze economic constraints faced by the women. The result showed positive change in indicators in terms of income, employment and savings after joining the SHG. Thus the study concluded that SHGs have been playing a vital role in the empowerment of rural women in the study area.
Cinematography and Environmental Value Positions: Analyzing the Film ‘The Lorax’
Authors: Romero Brenfred N.
Published: March 2022

The literariness of the film “The Lorax” was determined through the environment−related sequences enhanced by dominating cinematic elements, such as, cinematography, dialogues, and sound effects. Literary concepts evidenced in the film are literature is languages, imitation, an organic unity, value−laden, imagination, a product of social construct, culture, and history. The P.D. 705, the Revised Forest Code of the Philippines is found to be the top−most violation of the characters in “The Lorax” with a range of five (5) environment−related issues, (1) abusive harvesting system; (2) clear cutting of trees/illegal logging/deforestration; (3) conversion of agriculture land to human habituation; (4) desertification; and (5) land−use management. Among the environmental issues, air pollution/commercialized air, on the other hand, is instituted to have a greater number of laws violated. On the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) principles, the second principle, “The natural resources of the earth, including the air, water, land, flora and fauna and especially representative samples of natural ecosystems, must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through careful planning or management, as appropriate”, turned out to be the leading principle violated by “The Lorax” characters.  Based on the characters’ belief statements, 14 environmental value positions surfaced. Social revealed to be the leading as religious and recreational are found to be the least value positions. The research participants indicated four (4) modes of actions. Ecomanagement has the most number, followed by consumer action, then persuasion, and political is bared to have a lesser frequency. Four statements on the ethical standards for Filipinos were uncovered by the research participants. However, the latter revealed a greater number of statements of belief, respectfully trailed by statements of intention, responsibility and accountability, and commitment.
Exploring the Relationship between Students’ Attitude towards Mathematics and their Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: Wangdi Karma , Wangdi Tenzin
Published: March 2022

Mathematics is underscored as a compulsory subject in schools of Bhutan but it has little impact on students by constantly showing poor achievement in mathematics. This study seeks to explore the relationship between grade six students’ attitude towards mathematics and their achievement in mathematics. All the grade six students of Khoma Lower Secondary and Dungkhar Primary School were taken as samples for the study. A total of 50 students (26 female and 24 male) students were selected as samples following the convenience sampling technique.  The study adopted a descriptive correlational survey design with pure quantitative techniques. The data were gathered using Attitude toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) developed by Tapia and Marsh (2004) [1]. These data were organized and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (22.0 version).

The results revealed that there was no significant difference between female students’ attitude towards mathematics and male students’ attitude towards mathematics (t (138) =-1.154, p> 0.05)). However, it was also found that there was a very strong positive and significant relationship between the students who scored high in mathematics and their attitude towards mathematics (r = 0.634, p< 0.001) indicating that students with a higher level of attitude towards mathematics tend to have better achievement in mathematics.

As a result, educators must analyse students' attitudes toward mathematics and provide necessary support in order to encourage the development of a positive attitude toward mathematics.
Antibiogram Profile of Enteric Pathogens Isolated from Fomites in Cross River University of Technology Medical Centre, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Effiong Bassey, , Ebob Tarh, Jacqueline , Ubi Otu, Joseph , Ekpiken Solomon Ekpiken,
Published: March 2022

Background: Healthcare environments are considered as potential reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms especially those responsible for nosocomial infections. Such microorganisms often present with varying degrees of drugs resistance. This study was aimed at evaluating the Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH) Medical Center Environment for the presence of pathogenic bacterial contaminants and antibiotics susceptibility profile of such isolates.

Materials and Methodology: A total of 72 swab samples were collected from nineteen frequently touched hospital surfaces and processed using the standard bacteriological procedures. The emergent bacterial colonies were identified using phenotypic and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the presumptively identified isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer’s method.

Results: Out of 72 swab samples collected, 44 (61.1%) were positive for Enteric bacterial pathogens. The mean viable count ranged from 1.8 x 106 Cfu/cm2 (weighing scales) to 2.41 x 107 Cfu/cm2 (wash sinks). The most prevalent isolate was E. coli (48 of 127, 37.8%) followed by Klebseilla sp (27 of 127, 21.3%), Salmonella sp (19 of 127, 14.9%), Proteus sp (12 of 127, 9.4%), Citrobacter sp (11 of 127, 8.7%), Enterobacter sp (7 of 127, 5.5%) while Shigella sp (3 of 127, 2.4%) was least isolated. Isolates demonstrated high level of susceptibility to Norfloxacin 124 (97.6%), Imipenem 116 (91.3%) and Chloramphenicol 105 (82.7%). Resistance to Erythromycin was 95 (74.8%), Gentamycin 84 (66.1%) and Amikacin 82 (64.6%).

Conclusion: Contamination of healthcare surfaces by multi-drugs resistant pathogens is a potential risk, especially to hospitalized patients and health care workers. Thus, it is therefore imperative that appropriate hygienic measures be implemented to suppress any potential microbial cross-contamination.
Assessment of the Proximate Compositions and Heavy Metals’ Profiles of Talinum triangulare L., Corchorus olitorius L. and Solanum macrocarpon L. Harvested from Some Farmlands, Roadsides and Markets in Badagry Division of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: O.  Oluwole Surukite , Ogun Mautin L. , Oni Victoria T. , Mecha Alan E. , M. Ogunsanya Ayomide , Usamot Qudus
Published: March 2022

The growing concern over the safety of vegetables consumed in some areas of Lagos due to increased discharge of pollutants that cannot be overlooked was the basis for this research. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the proximate compositions and heavy metals’ profiles of Talinum triangulare, Corchorus olitorius and Solanum macrocarpon harvested from some farmlands, roadsides and markets in Badagry division of Lagos State. Leaves of Talinum triangulare, Corchorus olitorius and Solanum macrocarpon were obtained from farmlands, roadsides and markets in different local government areas in Badagry division of Lagos State. Proximate and heavy metals’ analyses were done using standard analytical procedures. Proximate analyses of the three vegetables showed that the vegetables contained moisture, carbohydrate, lipid, crude fibre, fat, and ash at very appreciable quantities. Also, the results of the heavy metals’ analyses revealed the range of Pb(0.01-0.03 mg/kg), Cd(0.01-0.07mg/kg), Fe(1.83-3.78 mg/kg), Cu(0.05-0.23 mg/kg), Mn(0.01-1.06 mg/kg), Zn(0.08-1.01 mg/kg) for farmlands; Pb(0.01-1.06 mg/kg), Cd(0.01-0.07 mg/kg), Fe(1.00-3.30 mg/kg), Cu(0.01-1.03 mg/kg), Mn(0.01-1.06 mg/kg), Zn(0.86-1.08  mg/kg) for roadsides and P(0.01-0.02mg/kg); Cd(0.01-0.04 mg/kg), Fe(1.78-3.02 mg/kg), Cu(0.01-0.08 mg/kg), Mn(0.02-0.12 mg/kg), Zn (0.01-2.01 mg/kg) for markets among the three vegetables in three the local government areas of Badagry division. However, chromium was not detected in the vegetables for all the locations. These metals were below or within WHO permissible limits except for lead and cadmium which were higher in some vegetables from Ojo roadsides and farmlands; lead in Amuwo-Odofin roadsides and Badagry farmlands respectively. It could be inferred from this study that vegetables across the three locations are rich sources of nutrients irrespective of specific points of collections. However, vegetables from roadsides had the highest overall heavy metal concentrations compared to those from farmland and markets and this could be linked to pollution by vehicular emission among others in the study areas. Thus, regular monitoring of the vegetables should be encouraged to checkmate possible health hazards from consumption of these vegetables.
Impact of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Foraging Preference of Indian Honey Bee, Apis cerana indica (Fab.) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Visiting Sunflower Helianthus annus L. Crop
Authors: Sowmiya C. , Murugan M. , Saravanan P. A. , Suganthi A. , Bhuvaneswari K. , Jayakanthan M. , Senthil N. , Hussain M. E.
Published: March 2022

Aim: Forage preference of Indian honey bee on neonicotinoid insecticides treated sunflower

Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD)

Place and Duration of Study: Insectary, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore between August 2021 to December 2021 during the Adipattam season

Methodology: Bee activity was recorded by in situ counting method. Seven treatments with three replications (5flowers/replication) in Randomized Block Design were followed. Different treatments viz., Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 280µl/l, Clothianidin 50 WDG @ 80µg/l, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 250µg/l, Thiacloprid 21.7 SC @ 1100/µl, Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1400µl/l (chemical check), Water control (Water spray) and Absolute control (no spray) were given at 50% flowering period using Knapsack sprayer. The number of bees visiting 5 flowers per 5 minutes was observed during morning (09.00-11.00), afternoon (13.00-15.00) and evening (16.00-18.00) hours of the day for seven days after spray (DAS). DAS. Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) academics was used to statistically analyse the data.

Results: The mean population of Apis cerana indica Fab. was more in absolute control (5.97) followed by water control (4.77), imidacloprid (4.10), clothianidin (3.40), thiacloprid (3.21), thiamethoxam (3.14) and dimethoate (1.90) during morning hours (09.00-11.00) of the day. The mean bee visitation rate was high in control (3.40), followed by water control (2.65), imidacloprid (1.77), clothianidin (1.52), thiacloprid (1.55), thiamethoxam (1.40) and dimethoate (1.17) during afternoon hours (13.00-15.00) of the day. In the evening hours (16.00-18.00), mean bee activity was high in control (4.95) followed by water control (4.27), imidacloprid (3.40), clothianidin (3.13), thiamethoxam (2.75), thiacloprid (2.53) and dimethoate (1.88). Among these different hours, morning forage activity of the bees are high in morning hours of the day followed by evening and very less in afternoon hours.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that Indian honey bees preferred to forage both on neonicotinoid treated, however at a reduced rate, and untreated flowers. Since, neonicotinoids are odourless, tasteless compounds that increase the risk of pesticide exposure for the bee colony owing to less capability for segregation of insecticide treated surfaces.
A Review of Drought Tolerance in Safflower
Authors: Mosupiemang Marang , Erone Emongor Vallantino , Malambane Goitseone
Published: March 2022

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop that can grow in arid and semi-arid environments because of its tolerance to drought stress, salinity, lower and higher temperatures. Despite safflower’s drought tolerance characteristic, drought stress can negatively impact its growth and development. Drought stress reduces plant height and biomass, leaf chlorophyll content and area, photosynthesis rate, yield components, oil content and yield, and fatty acid composition of safflower. Increased root to shoot ratio and growth of the root are some of the drought adaption mechanisms of safflower. Recent studies have reported biochemical and molecular drought tolerance mechanisms of safflower, but they are still in initial stages. Understanding these mechanisms can help in the management and breeding of cultivars with enhanced drought tolerance. This review compiles literature on the mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in safflower and approaches are proposed that can enhance better safflower management under water stress.
Neurobehavioral and Ameliorative Effect of Complan Milk and Bambara Nut on Rats Fed With Bitter Cassava – A Nutritional Approach
Authors: David Lekpa Kingdom , Idung Victor Hogan , Uahomo Precious Ojo
Published: March 2022

Cassava products have been introduced to the market in different regions of the world as part of diet, despite containing more than one toxic substance. Roots and leaves of cassava of all varieties contain cyanogenic glucoside, mainly as linamarin, but also as lotaustralin, in different concentrations in their cellular vacuoles. Twenty (20) albino Wistar rats were used for this research and were randomly selected into 4 groups of five 5 rats each. The result obtained from the study showed that there was a significant reduction in weight of the Konzo induced Wistar rats group from week 1 to week 4. A weight gain of 21.7g to 34.7g was observed in the cassava-induced Konzo and complan milk fed group Wistar rats and cassava-induced Konzo and Bambara nut (Okpa) fed group Wistar rats when compared with the cassava-induced Konzo group Wistar rats. There was a decrease in Na+,K+, Urea, Creatinine and HCO3 in cassava-induced Konzo and Bambara nut (Okpa) fed group Wistar rats when compared with cassava-induced Konzo Wistar rat group and control group. In evaluating the motor coordination/impairment using rotarod test, cassava-induced Konzo Wistar rat group, cassava-induced Konzo and complan milk fed group Wistar rats group and cassava-induced Konzo and Bambara nut (Okpa) fed Wistar rats group spent a significantly less mean time 20.65±0.33, 24.93±0.67 and 25.71±0.72 respectively when compared to the control group mean time of 39.45±0.42. Also, a significant improvement in motor coordination was observed in cassava-induced Konzo and complan milk fed group Wistar rats group and cassava-induced Konzo and Bambara nut (Okpa) fed Wistar rats group when compared with cassava-induced Konzo Wistar rat group. From the histological evaluation of the brain of the Wistar rats showed neurons that are vacuolated as a result of bitter cassava and alpha motor neurons. It is hence concluded that the toxic effect of bitter cassava can be ameliorated using proteins or balanced diets such as milk and bambara nuts (Okpa).
Gastroduodenal Strongyloidiasis Causing Protein Losing Enteropathy – A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Bharti S. , Singh A. , Kirti R. , Kumar N.
Published: March 2022

Strongyloidiasis is a common disease worldwide, has a complex life cycle and infect humans percutaneously. We report case of 46-year-old woman, presented with complaints of abdominal pain, and distension. She was on PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitors) for recurrent gastritis. She also  gives history of steroid intake for joint pain. USG abdomen showed moderate ascites. Upper GI endoscopy showed diffuse erythematous gastric mucosa with subtle mosaic pattern and edematous duodenal mucosa showing patchy erythema. Histopathological examination of gastric biopsy showed infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis, the gastric mucosal glands contained various parts of parasite. The patient recovered completely after course of antihelmintic drug.
Design of Lift Group Control Systems based on PLC
Authors: Michael Inikuro Afa
Published: March 2022

Aims and Study Design: Lifts are presently inevitable requirements in modern day building complexes especially multiple floor buildings to keep up with human transportation. Due to this fact, efficient, cost-effective and reliable lift systems are required in these buildings. In this work, the design of a robust lift group control system based on programmable logic controllers (PLC) is introduced.

Methodology: To achieve this goal, good choices of a hardware platform comprising a PLC complex and a software platform to feed instructions (ladder logic) to the PLC are needed. These platforms are linked via a network connection over an Ethernet. The development of the control network based on fuzzy control is illustrated, which the lift controller uses to recognize traffic and respond to the detected traffic patterns. A simplified form of the algorithm from the moment of a hall call to the point of execution of this call command is presented with simulations demonstrating lift prioritization and scheduling based on dependence on interplay between the input fuzzy variables.

Results: The presented design method shows advantages in accounting for numerous factors such as priority fitting, space availability and lift proximity when calculating and implementing quicker hall call responses, which helps in minimizing waiting time of passengers as demonstrated with the 5 floor double lift system. .

Conclusion: The work is believed to set a basis for future PLC-based lift group control systems (PLC-LGCS).
Novel UV Spectrophotometer Methods for Quantitative Estimation of Empagliflozin (EMPA) and Linagliptin (Lina) Using Mixed Hydrotropy Solubilization
Authors: Rathore Udai Bhan Singh , Goyal Pradeep Kumar
Published: March 2022

Simple, precise accurate, novel  and safe UV-Spectrophotometric simultaneous equation method developed for the simultaneous estimation of poorly water-soluble drugs Empagliflozin (EMPA) and Linagliptin (LINA) in tablet dosage form using 2M ammonium acetate: 2M sodium citrate and (50:50% W/W) as mixed hydrotropic solution and validated as per ICH guidelines. This Method involves solving of simultaneous equations based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 270 nm and 294 nm (λmax of EMPA and LINA) in hydrotropic solutions. Ammonium acetate and sodium citrate solution did not show any absorbance above 240 nm and thus no interference in the estimation of drugs was seen. EMPA and LINA follow Beers law in the concentration range of 10-50mg/ml and 5-25mg/ml (r2 = 0.999). % Recovery for both the drugs was in the range of 98.50 to99.23 % indicating excellent accuracy. The methods were precise, with a relative standard deviation of less than 2% for both drugs. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and values of accuracy, precision and other statistical analysis were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed values. Thus, method can be used for routine monitoring of drugs in industry for the assay of bulk drugs and commercial formulation.
Effectiveness of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine for Labour Analgesia: A Study Protocol
Authors: Sharma Monika , Chandak Aruna
Published: March 2022

Background: The most commonly used labour analgesia is epidural. Another alternative method is intrathecal low dose analgesic, given for providing labour analgesia in the areas where the epidural kit, multiparameter monitors, staff members scarcity is present. Fentanyl has been used widely to decrease motor block effect of local anaesthetics during labour, presence of these opioids along with local anaesthetics can cause pruritus and respiratory depression. Selective α2- agonist Dexmedetomidine (DMT) helps in providing stable haemodynamic parameters, and an effective intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of an intrathecal analgesia during labor, using bupivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in terms of quality and duration of analgesia.

Materials and Methods: This will be a prospective comparative observational study. Total 80 patients will be included in the study and assigned to two groups by computerized randomization method. GROUP BD (n=40) will receive an intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine dose 2.5 mg along with dexmedetomidine dose 2.5 μg .GROUP BF (n=40) will receive an intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 2.5mg with fentanyl 25mcg. Data will be analysed and Quality and duration of analgesia will be compared for both groups.

Expected Results: Significant difference is expected in labor analgesia and safety profile with the combination of intrathecal bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine compared to combination of bupivacaine and fentanyl.
A Cross Sectional Study on Awareness Level of Family Planning Methods in Primigravida in Rural India
Authors: Jaiswal Arpita , Madaan Sparsh , Banait Tanvi
Published: March 2022

Background: Family planning suggests the capacity of population to envision and accomplish their ideal number of children by spacing and timing their births which can be accomplished using distinctive contraceptive techniques. The accessibility of family planning limits the family size as well as protects individual well being and rights. Family planning is the most significant determinant of fertility. This study aimed to study the level of awareness of family planning methods among Primigravida in central rural India.

Methodology: The study investigator will collect all the required details on a structured pretested questionnaire - demographic details (hospital number, age, education level, occupation, place of residence (urban or rural), socio economic status (Modified Kuppuswamy scale)etc. As per modified Kuppuswamy scale, the socio economic status will be defined as Upper Class (26-29), Upper middle (16-25), Lower Middle (11-15), Upper lower (5-10),  Lower(Below 5) for present study. The study investigator will also collect data regarding knowledge of primigravida towards population problems, their attitude towards population problems and practice of family planning methods by them.

Results: We expect lack of awareness about family planning methods in Primigravida in central rural India.

Conclusion: This study is likely to highlight the awareness levels of family planning methods amongst primigravida presenting to our tertiary care teaching hospital in central rural India.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Shatavari Ghanavati & Bramhi Ghanvati in Jarajanya smritibramsha (Senile Dementia)
Authors: Deshpande Mayuri Amol , Kuchewar Vaishali
Published: March 2022

Background: Memory is the important physiological process which is required to live normal life. Good and bad memories helps living being in stay protected from harms. In old age, these aspect of normal human physiology get deteriorated. This occurs due to increase in Vata dosha. As age progresses there is increase in vata causing diminished memory. There are various drugs which are prescribed by doctors for age associated memory disorder. Bramhi, Shankhpushpi, Mandukparni are the well-known drugs as memory booster. But in Bhavprakash Samhita and Kashyap samhita, Shatavari is described for its nootropic property.

Aim: Comparative evaluation of Shatavari ghanavati and Bramhi ghanavati in Jarajanya smritibhramsha (Senile Dementia).

Objectives:

To confirm the most safest and effective dose of Shatavari in senile dementia by reverse pharmacology approach.

To evaluate the efficacy of Shatavari ghanavati on cognitive function in Senile dementia.

To evaluate the efficacy of Bramhi ghanavati on cognitive function in Senile dementia.

To evaluate the efficacy of Shatavari ghanavati as an Antioxidant.

To evaluate the efficacy of Bramhi ghanavati as an Antioxidant.

To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Bramhi ghanavati and Shatavari ghanavati on cognitive function in Senile dementia.

Methodology: In this study there will be two parts, to define safest and most effective dose in Senile dementia by reverse pharmacology and main study. In reverse pharmacology, 10 patients will be selected in each group. After this, 30 patients will be selected in control arm of bhramhi ghanavati and 30 in Shatavari ghanavati, experimental group. Patients will be assessed with MMSE scale.

Results: Shatavari is well known rasayan drug. Along with this, its has medhya (nootropic properties). It will work on memory as it acts as an antioxidant. The property will be studied by assessing SOD and MDA.

Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn according to results.
Decryption of DNA and Its Role in Treating Genetic Disorder at Early Stage
Authors: Vaidya Gayatri , Jamali Mohammad Chand , Katheria Snehlata , Cotrina-Aliaga Juan Carlos
Published: March 2022

Aims: The aim of the study is to perform the task of decryption of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the role of such decrypted DNA for the treatment of genetic disorders at an early stage. The objective of the study is to analyze the utility of the decryption of DNA.

Study Design: Cross sectional study design.

Methodology: The numerous research papers that were utilized for the study were taken from online databases such as European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and GenBank. Research journals were taken from Google Scholar and ProQuest. Axial coding was performed to evaluate the thematic analysis of the study. Moreover, in this study, a total of 7 sources by Van Der Pol & Moliere , Li et al. , El Bairiet al., Ragusoet al. , Hager &Zienkiewicz, Herzog et al.  And North out et al. Have been chosen as the relevant selected journals for conducting thematic analysis. PRISMA method was used to reflect upon the several articles presented during the dissertation.

Results: The computation of DNA and its decoding from a particular sector of the body is eminent for studying the concept of the disorder of a particular sort. The abdominal aortic aneurysm is a fatal disorder. Being asymptomatic in nature, it turns deadly until it ruptures. It occurs due to the amplification of the “aorta”, which is the principal blood vessel delivering blood at the abdominal level of the body. Thus, Thus there is strong correlation between genetic disorders and DNA decryption the DNA decryption will unfold the treatment for genetic disorders.

Conclusion: The concepts of genetic disorders and the decoding of DNA are heavily intertwined. The decryption of DNA would lead the researchers to detect disorders early on and analyze their structural integrity to study it further.
Excavation of two Early Bronze Age short cists and a prehistoric pit at Lindsayfield, near Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Johnson Melanie , Anderson Sue , Ballin Torben Bjarke , Hastie Mhairi , Sheridan Alison
Published: March 2022

Two short cists of Early Bronze Age date, containing prehistoric flint artefacts and shale/cannel coal beads, were discovered during topsoiling operations for the Aberdeen to Lochside Natural Gas Pipeline, to the south of Lindsayfield, near Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire (NGR: NO 8195 8412). Cremated human bone from one of the cists was radiocarbon dated to the first half of the 2nd millennium BC. A pit which contained broadly contemporary prehistoric flint artefacts and pottery was found nearby.
Comparative analyses of occupational injuries among temporary agency worker and direct contract workers: Findings from the Korea Health Panel 2009–2018
Authors: Ahn Joonho , Lee Jongin , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Lee Yu Min , Jang Tae-Won , Lee Dong-Wook , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Several studies have reported health or safety risk of temporary agency workers (TAW). Since most of the studies are just cross-sectional studies, we intended to identify the risk of occupational injury in TAW, using longitudinal study design.

Methods

The Korea Health Panel 2009–2018 data were used in the study. For the statistical analysis of this study, we used a panel logit model to identify the risk of occupational injury in TAW compared to direct contract workers (DCW).

Results

There was no significant difference in risk of occupational injury between TAW and DCW among the overall population (adjusted OR 0.920, 95% CI 0.600–1.411). However, there was a significant increase in occupational injury in women (adjusted OR 2.134, 95% CI 1.092–4.170) and the “19–34” age group (adjusted OR 2.744, 95% CI 1.103–6.825) of TAW.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for vulnerable groups such as women and younger age groups in the relationship between TAW and occupational injury.
Predicting dynamic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a novel metabolomics approach
Authors: Díaz Caridad , González‐Olmedo Carmen , Díaz‐Beltrán Leticia , Camacho José , Mena García Patricia , Martín‐Blázquez Ariadna , Fernández‐Navarro Mónica , Ortega‐Granados Ana Laura , Gálvez‐Montosa Fernando , Marchal Juan Antonio , Vicente Francisca , Pérez del Palacio José , Sánchez‐Rovira Pedro
Published: March 2022

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) outcomes vary according to breast cancer (BC) subtype. Since pathologic complete response is one of the most important target endpoints of NACT, further investigation of NACT outcomes in BC is crucial. Thus, identifying sensitive and specific predictors of treatment response for each phenotype would enable early detection of chemoresistance and residual disease, decreasing exposures to ineffective therapies and enhancing overall survival rates. We used liquid chromatography−high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS)‐based untargeted metabolomics to detect molecular changes in plasma of three different BC subtypes following the same NACT regimen, with the aim of searching for potential predictors of response. The metabolomics data set was analyzed by combining univariate and multivariate statistical strategies. By using ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), we were able to determine the prognostic value of potential biomarker candidates of response to NACT in the triple‐negative (TN) subtype. Higher concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and secondary bile acids were found at basal and presurgery samples, respectively, in the responders group. In addition, the glycohyocholic and glycodeoxycholic acids were able to classify TN patients according to response to treatment and overall survival with an area under the curve model > 0.77. In relation to luminal B (LB) and HER2+ subjects, it should be noted that significant differences were related to time and individual factors. Specifically, tryptophan was identified to be decreased over time in HER2+ patients, whereas LysoPE (22:6) appeared to be increased, but could not be associated with response to NACT. Therefore, the combination of untargeted‐based metabolomics along with longitudinal statistical approaches may represent a very useful tool for the improvement of treatment and in administering a more personalized BC follow‐up in the clinical practice.
Retrospective analysis of MV–kV imaging‐based fiducial tracking in prostate SBRT treatment
Authors: Crotteau Kevin , Lu Wei , Berry Sean , Happersett Laura , Burleson Sarah , Cai Weixing
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Motion management is critical for prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) due to its high fractional dose and proximity to organs at risk. This study seeks to quantify the advantages of MV–kV tracking over kV imaging alone through a retrospective analysis of over 300 patients who underwent prostate SBRT treatment using MV–kV tracking.

Methods

An MV–kV imaging‐based fiducial tracking technique has been developed at our institute and become a standard clinical practice. This technique calculates three‐dimensional (3D) fiducial displacement in real time from orthogonal kV and MV images acquired simultaneously. The patient will be repositioned if for two consecutive MV–kV data points, the motion is larger than a tolerance of 1.5 mm in any of the lateral, superior–inferior, and/or anterior–posterior directions. This study retrospectively analyzed detected 3D motions using an MV–kV approach of 324 patients who recently underwent prostate SBRT treatments. An algorithm was developed to recover the 2D motion components as if they were detected by kV or MV imaging alone.

Results

Our results indicated that out‐of‐tolerance motions were primarily limited to the range of 1.5–3 mm (>95%). The motions are primarily anterior–posterior and superior–inferior, with less than 14.8% of the occurrences in the lateral direction. Compared to out‐of‐tolerance occurrences detected by MV–kV approach, kV alone caught 46.6% of motions in all three directions, and MV alone caught 46.7%. kV alone shows an overall missing rate of 45.8% for superior–inferior motions and 38.6% for lateral motions. It is also demonstrated that the detectability of motion in specific directions greatly depends on gantry angles, as does the missing rate.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that MV–kV imaging‐based intrafraction motion tracking is superior to single kV imaging for prostate SBRT in clinical practice.
Steering Unit Cell Dipole and Internal Electric Field by Highly Dispersed Er atoms Embedded into NiO for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yu Zhenzhen , Yang Kai , Yu Changlin , Lu Kangqiang , Huang Weiya , Xu Liang , Zou Laixi , Wang Sibo , Chen Zhong , Hu Jun , Hou Yang , Zhu Yongfa
Published: March 2022

The weak internal electric field over antiferromagnetic materials makes it difficult to facilitate charge migration to the surface, leading to low performance for CO2 photoreduction. The asymmetry and polarization refinement structure can induce an intensive internal electric field. Herein, n‐type NiO is synthesized with highly dispersed erbium atoms doping (Er/NiO1−x) via a molten salt method to accelerate charge separation and transfer. The doping of Er atoms can distort the unit cell of NiO to alter the symmetry and enhance the polarization and internal electric field, in favor of efficient separation of charges. In addition, the highly dispersed erbium‐doped n‐type NiO can largely boost the adsorption and activation of CO2, and weaken the energy barrier for CO2 photoreduction reaction. Benefiting from the unique features, an optimal doping ratio (≈2%) with erbium atoms achieves a remarkable elevation in carrier separation efficiency and excellent CO2 photoreduction performance with a CO yield of 368 µmol g−1 h−1 in the Ru(byp)32+/ethanolamine electron‐agent generating system, which is 26.3‐fold and 3.9‐fold relative to traditional NiO and n‐type NiO, respectively. The obtained Er/NiO1−x photocatalyst and the unit cell dipole governing the internal electric field opens a new window for CO2 photoreduction in antiferromagnetic materials.
Long‐Life Zn Anode Enabled by Low Volume Concentration of a Benign Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Shang Yuan , Kumar Priyank , Musso Tiziana , Mittal Uttam , Du Qijun , Liang Xiao , Kundu Dipan
Published: March 2022

Inexpensive and energy‐dense Zn metal anodes is key to the promise of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries, which are heralded as an exciting battery chemistry for renewable and stationary storage. Yet, Zn deposition instability under demanding cycling conditions leads to rapid dendritic cell failure, and the hydrogen evolution reaction aggravates the issue. Electrolyte additives are a scalable solution to address the problem, but a high volume fraction is typically required for a noticeable effect. Here, a benign alcohol molecule propylene glycol is presented as an electrolyte additive that enables remarkably stable Zn anode cycling of over 1000 h at a practical 2 mA–2 mA h cm−2 at a low volume concentration when the reference cell shorts only after 30 h. The dramatic performance improvement at the low additive concentration is attributed to the effective morphology regulation and inhibition of hydrogen evolution, as revealed by spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal unprecedented atomistic insights behind the concentration‐dependent effectivity of propylene glycol as an electrolyte additive. Excellent full cell cycling with two different positive host materials, even with high loading, highlights the potential for practical development.
Inkjet Printing and 3D Printing Strategies for Biosensing, Analytical, and Diagnostic Applications
Authors: Zub Karina , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: March 2022

Inkjet printing and 3D inkjet printing have found many applications in the fabrication of a great variety of devices, which have been developed with the aim to improve and simplify the design, fabrication, and performance of sensors and analytical platforms. Here, developments of these printing technologies reported during the last 10 years are reviewed and their versatile applicability for the fabrication of improved sensing platforms and analytical and diagnostic sensor systems is demonstrated. Illustrative examples are reviewed in the context of particular advantages provided by inkjet printing technologies. Next to aspects of device printing and fabrication strategies, the utilization of inkjet dispensing, which can be implemented into common analytical tools utilizing customized inkjet printing equipment as well as state‐of‐the‐art consumer inkjet printing devices, is highlighted. This review aims to providing a comprehensive overview of examples integrating inkjet and 3D inkjet printing technologies into device layout fabrication, dosing, and analytical applications to demonstrate the versatile applicability of these technologies, and furthermore, to inspire the utilization of inkjet printing for future developments.
Gires–Tournois Immunoassay Platform for Label‐Free Bright‐Field Imaging and Facile Quantification of Bioparticles
Authors: Yoo Young Jin , Ko Joo Hwan , Lee Gil Ju , Kang Jiwon , Kim Min Seok , Stanciu Stefan G. , Jeong Hyeon‐Ho , Kim Dae‐Hyeong , Song Young Min
Published: March 2022

Bright‐field imaging of nanoscale bioparticles is a challenging task for optical microscopy because the light–matter interactions of bioparticles are weak on conventional surfaces due to their low refractive index and small size. Alternatively, advanced imaging techniques, including near‐field microscopy and phase microscopy, have enabled visualization and quantification of the bioparticles, but they require assistance of sophisticated/customized systems and post‐processing with complex established algorithms. Here, a simple and fast immunoassay device, Gires–Tournois immunoassay platform (GTIP) is presented, which provides unique color dynamics in response to optical environment changes and thus enables the label‐free bright‐field imaging and facile quantification of bioparticles using conventional optical microscopy. Bioparticles on GTIP slow down the velocity of reflected light, leading to vivid color change according to the local particle density and maximizing chromatic contrast for high spatial distinguishability. The particle distribution and density on the surface of the resonator are readily analyzed through 2D raster‐scanning‐based chromaticity analysis. GTIP offers multiscale sensing capability for target analytes that possess different refractive indices and sizes.
An Asymmetric Hygroscopic Structure for Moisture‐Driven Hygro‐Ionic Electricity Generation and Storage
Authors: Zhang Yaoxin , Guo Shuai , Yu Zhi Gen , Qu Hao , Sun Wanxin , Yang Jiachen , Suresh Lakshmi , Zhang Xueping , Koh J. Justin , Tan Swee Ching
Published: March 2022

The interactions between moisture and materials give rise to the possibility of moisture‐driven energy generation (MEG). Current MEG materials and devices only establish this interaction during water sorption in specific configurations, and conversion is eventually ceased by saturated water uptake. This paper reports an asymmetric hygroscopic structure (AHS) that simultaneously achieves energy harvesting and storage from moisture absorption. The AHS is constructed by the asymmetric deposition of a hygroscopic ionic hydrogel over a layer of functionalized carbon. Water absorbed from the air creates wet‐dry asymmetry across the AHS and hence an in‐plane electric field. The asymmetry can be perpetually maintained even after saturated water absorption. The absorbed water triggers the spontaneous development of an electrical double layer (EDL) over the carbon surface, which is termed a hygro‐ionic process, accounting for the capacitive properties of the AHS. A peak power density of 70 µW cm‐3 was realized after geometry optimization. The AHS shows the ability to be recharged either by itself owing to a self‐regeneration effect or via external electrical means, which allows it to serve as an energy storage device. In addition to insights into moisture‐material interaction, AHSs further shows potential for electronics powering in assembled devices.
High‐Energy and Stable Subfreezing Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Batteries with Selective and Pseudocapacitive Zn‐Ion Insertion in MnO2
Authors: Gao Siyuan , Li Bomin , Tan Haiyan , Xia Fan , Dahunsi Olusola , Xu Wenqian , Liu Yuzi , Wang Rongyue , Cheng Yingwen
Published: March 2022

One major challenge of aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries for practical applications is their unacceptable performance below freezing temperatures. Here the use of simple Zn(ClO4)2 aqueous electrolytes is described for all‐weather Zn–MnO2 batteries even down to −60 °C. The symmetric, bulky ClO4− anion effectively disrupts hydrogen bonds between water molecules and provides intrinsic ion diffusion even while frozen, and enables ≈260 mAh g−1 on MnO2 cathodes at −30 °C . It is identified that subfreezing cycling shifts the reaction mechanism on the MnO2 cathode from unstable H+ insertion to predominantly pseudocapacitive Zn2+ insertion, which converts MnO2 nanofibers into complicated zincated MnOx that are largely disordered and appeared as crumpled paper sheets. The Zn2+ insertion at −30 °C is faster and much more stable than at 20 °C, and delivers ≈80% capacity retention for 1000 cycles without Mn2+ additives. In addition, simple Zn(ClO4)2 electrolyte also enables a nearly fully reversible and dendrite‐free Zn anode at −30 °C with ≈98% Coulombic efficiency. Zn–MnO2 prototypes with an experimentally verified unit energy density of 148 Wh kg−1 at a negative‐to‐positive ratio of 1.5 and an electrolyte‐to‐capacity ratio of 2.0 are further demonstrated.
Coordination‐Driven Terpyridine‐Based Twisted Prisms with Tunable Emissions and Hierarchical Self‐Assembly Properties
Authors: Zeng Yunting , Jiang Xin , Yu Hao , Cao Yan , Lai Ziwei , Shi Junjuan , Wang Ming
Published: March 2022

Tunable fluorescence emission materials play a critical role in many fields such as biology and chemistry. With respect to metallo‐supramolecular assemblies, the construction of 3D tunable‐fluorescent supramolecular assemblies with 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (tpy) is still in its infancy. In this study, two luminous 3D supramolecular prisms self‐assembled with two terpyridine‐based tetraphenylethylene (TPE) ligands and metal Zn(II) are prepared, and the influence of hydrophobic alkyl chains on tunable fluorescence is further explored. By exploiting hydrophobic properties, the prism SA exhibits tunable visible‐light emission in the molecular‐aggregated state. Moreover, SA forms left‐hand and right‐hand helical nanofibers by hierarchical self‐assembly. However, the prism SB without hydrophobic chains does not exhibit tunable fluorescence emission, and only random spherical aggregates after hierarchical self‐assembly are formed. This study can aid to further strengthen the understanding about the effect of hydrophobic segments on photophysical properties and hierarchical self‐assembly of discrete supramolecular architectures.
Li+/Al3+ Composite Solid Electrolyte Based Electro‐Thermal Dual Responsive Devices with Optimized Optical Contrast and Cycle Durability
Authors: Jia Hanxiang , Ji Xiaowei , Shao Zewei , Li Zhongshao , Huang Aibin , Wen Zhaoyin , Gu Sui , Jin Ping , Cao Xun
Published: March 2022

The limited optical contrast and band adjustment range are the main factors that restrict chromic materials. In this study, Li+/Al3+ composite solid electrolyte is incorporated between VO2 and WO3 chromic functional layers to construct a new type of VO2 based electrothermal dual responsive devices. The dual responsive devices deliver optical contrast over 50% and independent modulation of visible and near infrared band. In addition to displaying four reversible optical states in response to environmental temperature and external voltage, the devices effectively utilize the synergistic effect of Li+/Al3+ hybrid ions. Furthermore, the optimized Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte is proved to effectively control phase transition of VO2 and significantly improve the electrochromic properties of WO3 as well. Finally, the electro‐thermal dual responsive devices show excellent service stability in simulated outdoor environment of over 10 000 cycles. Combined with the above advantages, it is expected to develop smart windows and derivative products with large size, long life, remarkable energy saving effect and pleasant comfort.
Remote Alkenylation via Carbopalladation/1,4‐Palladium Migration/Heck Reaction Sequence with Unactivated Alkenyl Alcohols
Authors: Chen Su , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Sharma Upendra K.
Published: March 2022

Intramolecular C−H bond activation via 1,4‐palladium migration has become a synthetic tool to enable remote functionalization of C−H bonds. In this work, we report a Pd‐catalyzed remote alkenylation with unactivated alkenyl alcohols involving a 1,4‐palladium migration step. This method provides a regioselective access to synthesize substituted unsaturated alcohols in a single operational step.

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Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated Cellulose Acetate Filter Evaporators for Highly Efficient Water Evaporation and Purification Driven by Solar Energy and Environmental Energy
Authors: Yu Ming‐Yuan , Li Changjun , Li Wei , Min Peng
Published: March 2022

Though solar energy‐driven steam generation is promising for cleaning water, the water evaporation efficiency has to be enhanced further. Herein, 3D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) decorated cellulose acetate filter (RGF) evaporators are fabricated by immersing the porous cellulose acetate filters (CFs) in a suspension of graphene oxide, followed by drying and chemical reduction for efficient solar steam generation. The RGO sheets can absorb solar light and convert solar energy to thermal energy, while the hydrophilic and porous CFs with lots of vertical channels are responsible for transporting water to the top evaporation surfaces and accommodating the RGO sheets. In addition to gaining thermal energy from direct solar energy absorption and conversion, the sidewall of the RGF evaporator can also gain additional thermal energy from the surrounding environment as long as the sidewall temperature of the RGF evaporator is lower than the surrounding environment temperature as a result of the cooling effect of the evaporation. Driven by both solar energy and environmental energy, the RGF evaporator achieves a high water generation rate of ≈2.81 kg m−2 h−1 with an energy conversion efficiency of ≈130.2%, and high efficiencies in cleaning seawater and wastewater are also demonstrated.