bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ضغوط ما قبل الهجرة وما بعدها العلاقات الزوجية بين أسر اللاجئين العرب في كندا
Authors:   Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), باعبيـد محمـد , آشـبورن ليندا , تـام دورا , بادحـدح عبداللـه
Published: March 2021

يكشف التقرير التجارب التى تمر بها الاسر العربية المهاجرة الى كندا
Why Not Social and Emotional Learning?
Authors: Billy Roslyn J. F. , Garríguez Carmen Medina
Published: March 2021

Social and emotional learning (SEL) has become an avant-garde term in the last few years. It is how people acquire and apply knowledge, attitudes and skills to understand and control emotions. Incorporating the SEL perspective, teachers can not only help students set and achieve positive goals, but also help students understand how empathizing with others will allow them to establish and maintain positive relationships as well as aid them in making responsible decisions. SEL also touches a number of fields with which it is related: emotional intelligence, mindfulness and the recently developed concept of Mediation which was detailed in the Companion Volume of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. In this paper, two researchers from different countries (the USA and Spain) review the literature on SEL, give a bird’s eye view of the SEL situation in their countries, discuss its value in the classroom and make recommendations for further study.
Soil Property Variation within Taxa of ST at University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Authors: Ukaegbu Emeka P. , Akamigbo Frank O. R.
Published: March 2021

Study evaluated predictive accuracy of USDA Soil Taxonomy Classifications of Soils of University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Data from 0 – 20cm and 30 – 60cm depths of 9 profiles, each representing a map unit, were used to determine coefficients of variation (CV) of soil properties over whole area sampled (control), within Great group class and series. There was progressive reduction in CVs from high to low categories, with the properties doing so irregularly. Average CVs for the various levels were 59.58% (over whole area), 56.97% (Great group), 50.77% (series) at topsoil, while at subsoil they were 38.15% (whole area), 31.53% (Great group), 25.19% (series). At topsoil, predictions of K & OC improved by 36.16% on the average at Great group, while it did for Clay, K, OC by 43.71% at series. At subsoil Silt, Mg, CEC, OC, TN improved by 34.17% at Great group on the average, while Clay, Silt, Mg, CEC, OC, TN, av.P did by 47.49% at series. Predicted properties, which were found to correlate with others, influence soil productivity. Sand and pH were virtually unaffected by classification. Study highlights a technique for evaluating predictive accuracy of soil classification using small sample size as well as the essence of detailed characterization of the soils.
Career Roles among the Teaching Staff in Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie and Al-Huson University College According to Their Points of View
Authors: Al-Qassim Hussam Hosni
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to find out the degree of practicing career roles among faculty members at Palestine Technical University - Khudouri and Al-Huson University College from their point of view, and knowing the effect of study variables (university, college, years of experience, academic rank) on the degree of practicing career roles. The study was conducted in the first semester of the academic year (2021/2020), when a stratified random sample was chosen from (149) faculty members, i.e., 30% of the study population, which is teaching staff at Palestine Technical University and Al-Huson University College who numbered (497) individuals, and to achieve this goal, a descriptive approach appropriate to the nature of this study was used. A questionnaire consisting of (30) items was designed and distributed in three areas: teaching, scientific research, and community service. The validity and reliability of the study tool were verified. The stability factor was (0.91). The study reached the following results: The field of teaching got the first place in practice, then the field of scientific research, and finally the field of community service, as the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the averages of the sample members' estimates attributable to the variables (university, college, years of experience, and rank The academy, and the study recommended the necessity of holding training workshops, and meetings for faculty members at Palestine Technical University and Al-Huson University College, to transfer skills, exchange experiences and knowledge, in addition to developing creativity and solving problems in order to serve the local community, in addition to strengthening the relationship between the university and the local community. By providing the necessary scientific research and educational and cultural activities that help in developing the local community.
Comparative Study of the Dynamics of Cosmic Rays for the Pakistan and China Atmospheric Regions
Authors: Nawaz Faisal , Jan Bulbul , Afridi Faisal Ahmed Khan , Yousufzai M. Ayub Khan , Mehmood Faraz
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an analysis of cosmic ray intensity in Pakistan air space using spatial interpolation, comparing it with Chinese cosmic ray records from 1984 to 1993. The Exploratory Data Analytic (EDA) approach was applied to compare the cosmic ray fluctuations in both countries. The time series plot of the monthly cosmic rays showed relatively flatter counts in Pakistan than in China. The cosmic ray data for the years 1984 to 1993 fell within Solar Cycle 22, which lasted from 1986 to 1996, with its maximum phase in 1989 to 1991. The cosmic radiation varies between the atmospheric regions of Pakistan and China due to modulations in intensity that are accessible accordingly. It can be explained by purely astrophysical phenomena: (1) the source of emission of cosmic radiation may be different, (2) the rate at which emanation takes place depends on bursts of deep space dynamical objects from their sources that may be affected by solar wind and other solar radiations. Therefore, modulations in intensity are not only due to different geophysical locations. This study will help government organizations to predict and forecast cosmic rays values.
Optimal Parameters for Nonlinear Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV System by Using Hybrid Firefly Algorithm with Modified Adomian Decomposition
Authors: Qasim Omar Saber , Abed Karam Adel , Qasim Ahmed F.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, several parameters of the non-linear Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system were estimated using a hybrid between the Firefly Algorithm (FFA) and the Modified Adomian decomposition method (MADM). It turns out that optimal parameters can significantly improve the solutions when using a suitably selected fitness function for this problem. The results obtained show that the approximate solutions are highly compatible with the exact solutions and that the hybrid method FFA_MADM gives higher efficiency and accuracy compared to the classic MADM method.
Assessment of Patient-Related Operative Complexity During Partial Nephrectomy: Comparison of Two Tailored Methods for Measurement of Posterior Perinephric Fat Thickness on Preoperative CT
Authors: Han Na Yeon , Jae Sung Deuk , Kim Min Ju , Park Beom Jin , Sim Ki Choon , Kang Seok Ho
Published: March 2021

Background: Adherent perinephric fat affects operative complexity during partial nephrectomy (PN) and it could be predicted using computed tomography (CT) based on the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score. Objectives: To investigate reproducible measurement methods of perinephric fat with comparison of two tailored methods for measurement of posterior perinephric fat thickness (PPFT) on preoperative CT and examine the association between the methods and operative complexity in PN. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 72 consecutive patients who underwent robotic-assisted or open PN. The data on operative time, ischemia time, and pathologic results were obtained. Two radiologists independently assessed PPFT based on the MAP system in the first session, and subsequently by using two tailored methods in the second session and scored for perinephric fat stranding. The nephrometry scoring system was used for stratifying the complexity of renal masses. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the determinants of operative time and ischemia time. Results: For measurement of PPFT, intraclass correlation coefficients between the reviewers using two detailed methods showed no statistical difference (P = 0.173) but were significantly higher than the coefficients scored in the first session (P < 0.001). Nephrometry score was a determinant of ischemia time (P < 0.001 and 0.001 for two reviewers) and PPFT was identified as a determinant of operative time (P ≤ 0.023 in all the analysis using two different methods for both the reviewers) in robotic-assisted PN. Nephrometry score was identified as a determinant of ischemia time in open PN as per one of the reviewers (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The tailored methods presented herein were more reproducible than the MAP score and demonstrated that increased PPFT was related to longer operative time in robotic-assisted, and not in open PN.
Long-Term Outcome of Reattached Tooth Fragment in Permanent Anterior Teeth of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kang Hoyeon , Chae Yongkwon , Lee Koeun , Lee Hyo-seol , Choi Sungchul , Nam Okhyung
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of teeth treated with reattachment technique in children and adolescents. Twenty seven permanent anterior teeth from 21 patients treated with fragment reattachment were evaluated. Clinical photos and medical records were used to assess treatment outcomes. Effect of pulp treatment and the ratio of fragment on success rate were statistically analyzed. Detachment of fragment was observed in 17 teeth, and their duration of retention was 21.41 ± 23.39 months. Repeated trauma was found to be the most frequent causes of failure. Pulp treatment before reattachment did not affect the success rate (p > 0.05). The mean ratio of fragment was 0.482 ± 0.147, and the success rate was affected by the ratio of fragment (p = 0.018). The median retention time of the teeth was 72 months if the ratio was under 0.5, and 8 months for that of the others. A significant correlation was found between the ratio of fragment and retention time (p = 0.003). Reattachment can be a predictable treatment option for crown fracture in anterior teeth in children and adolescents when a fracture involves less than 50% of the clinical crown.
Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain and Anxiety in Children during Local Anesthesia
Authors: Kim Doosoo , Lee Sangho , Lee Nanyoung , Jih Myeongkwan , Ahn Jihye
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety in children during local anesthesia. Local anesthesia was administered to 3 groups: a control group without distraction, a group watching TV, and a group using a virtual reality device. The pulse rate and oxygen saturation rate were measured before and at the time of local anesthesia to assess the patients’ pain and anxiety, and the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was completed after local anesthesia. The group using the virtual reality device had a significantly lower heart rate change and lower Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale score than those in the control group and the group watching TV (p < 0.05). The greatest difference in heart rate change and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale score, between the control and virtual reality distraction groups, was seen in 5 - 7-year-olds and a Frankl’s behavior rating scale grade of 3. The virtual reality device alleviated pain and reduced anxiety in children during local anesthesia.
La construcción de inferencias en la comprensión lectora: una investigación correlacional
Authors: Medina Jiménez Itzi Paulina , González Di Pierro Carlos
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del estudio consiste en identificar, a partir de una prueba de comprensión lectora off-line de dos tipos textuales, si existe correlación entre aprobar una materia de lectura (en español como lengua materna) en escolaridad superior (licenciatura) y una mejoría en la comprensión lectora respecto al nivel previo a la asignatura. El instrumento fue pilotado hasta llegar a su versión final, donde el texto técnico exige inferencias proposicionales y el texto humanístico requiere inferencias pragmáticas. El análisis de los resultados se realizó en dos fases: primero, se evaluó el nivel de comprensión lectora derivado de cada uno de los textos por separado y después fueron comparados ambos estratos para saber si los alumnos que aprobaron la asignatura tienen en realidad un nivel de comprensión más alto que quienes no la cursaron. La discusión reveló que no existe correlación entre el desempeño en la prueba técnica y el desempeño en la prueba humanística. Tampoco existe correlación entre aprobar la asignatura y el nivel de comprensión lectora, ni de un texto técnico ni de uno inferencial; de hecho, el nivel de comprensión lectora no presenta mejorías significativas. En conclusión, esto implica que, tras cursar una materia de comprensión lectora, los estudiantes siguen siendo incapaces de realizar las operaciones mentales necesarias para llegar hasta el nivel de representación que el tipo de texto exige tanto en el nivel proposicional como en el pragmático.

This piece of research aims to identify if there is any correlation between passing a reading university course (with Spanish as a first language) and an improvement in reading comprehension, compared with the reading level obtained before attending the classes. After testing our reading comprehension tool among different pilot groups, we reach the final version, which has two different texts: the first one is a technical text, which requires readers to make propositional inferences, and the second one is a humanistic text, which requires readers to make pragmatic inferences. The analysis of the results was undertaken in two phases: first, we evaluated the reading comprehension level of each text, and second, we compared both levels to know if students who had passed had a higher reading comprehension level than students who had never taken this reading course. The discussion showed that there is not any correlation between technical test performance and humanistic test performance; neither is there a correlation between passing the subject and the level of reading comprehension. Moreover, reading comprehension did not show any significant improvement. In sum, after taking the entire course, students are still unable to perform the mental operations needed to reach the representation level (propositional or pragmatical) expected to comprehend both text types.
Diversidad de origen y socioeconómica en una escuela de Gipuzkoa: diálogo con las familias
Authors: Alzola Maiztegi Nerea , Quintas Quintas Marta , Arratibel Insausti Nekane , Barquín López Amelia
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta una investigación realizada en una escuela de Gipuzkoa con alta diversidad socioeconómica, de origen y lingüística. Sus objetivos han sido describir, analizar e interpretar las percepciones de las familias sobre dicha diversidad en su propio centro. Se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas a familias de distinto origen y analizado los datos mediante el análisis de contenido. Sus voces permiten conocer algunos retos importantes en las relaciones entre las familias y en la calidad educativa de la escuela. Se concluye que el diálogo, el mutuo conocimiento y la educación ética son temas pendientes en la escuela y la sociedad.

This article reports on research carried out in a school in Gipuzkoa which is highly diverse socio-economically, linguistically, and in the origin of its pupils. The objectives were to describe, analyze and interpret the perceptions of families about such diversity in their own center. Semi-structured interviews with families of different origin were conducted and the data analyzed using content analysis. Their voices express some important challenges both in the relationships between the families and in the educational quality of the school. It is concluded that dialogue, mutual knowledge and ethical education are pending issues at school and in society.
Spor fra Ørsted. Tværfaglige forsknings- og formidlingsperspektiver fra Det Kgl. Biblioteks Ørsted-arkiv
Authors: Thomasen Laura Søvsø
Published: March 2021

Laura Søvsø Thomasen: Tracing Ørsted – Interdisciplinary Research and Dissemination Perspectives from the Royal Danish Library’s Hans Christian Ørsted Archive

2020 marks the 200th anniversary for Hans Christian Ørsted’s discovery of electromagnetism. In connection with the celebration of the bicentennial, the Royal Danish Library will publish online their entire Ørsted archive, which includes a substantial collection of letters to and from Ørsted, a large number of scientific papers on physics, chemistry and mathematics, as well as a plethora of different works on everything from language over politics to aesthetics. With the digitalisation of the archive, the library has created a number of teaching materials available for students in the Danish upper secondary school that showcase the interdisciplinary methods and works by Ørsted but also emphasises the interdisciplinary work required by the students to solve the problem sets.  In the article, I explore how the digitalisation of the Ørsted archive opens up for new perspectives both in academic research as well as didactic perspectives in relation to the teaching materials accompanying the archive. In terms of new research perspective, the Ørsted archive showcases how Ørsted not only was interested in a variety of subjects in and around both the natural and cultural sciences, but that he also was truly interdisciplinary himself. Through source material from the archive I show how when approached from the interdisciplinary fields ‘Literature and Science’ and ‘Visual Culture of Science’ that Ørsted integrated both illustrations and literary components to communicate his scientific arguments.
Et par nyfundne Steensen-breve fra 1666 og 1673
Authors: Olden-Jørgensen Sebastian
Published: March 2021

-
Le travail de réflexivité de femmes immigrantes au service de la formation de futures sages-femmes… et de leur propre intégration
Authors: Gagnon Raymonde , Thiaw Marie-Louise , Fernandes Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Les femmes qui immigrent au Québec sont souvent jeunes et susceptibles de donner naissance en contexte migratoire. Beaucoup de professionnels de la santé sont amenés à travailler avec cette clientèle diversifiée dans un moment important de leur vie. Ces femmes se retrouvent souvent confrontées à des pratiques d’accouchement ou de maternage différentes de leur pays d’origine. À cela s’ajoute parfois un contexte de vulnérabilité lié à des conditions antérieures à l’immigration, notamment dans le cas des réfugiés, ou à une situation de précarité socio-économique. Alors comment créer des ponts permettant autant aux arrivantes qu’aux professionnels de bien se comprendre et d’harmoniser les exigences cliniques aux besoins ? C’est une des questions à laquelle cet article tente de répondre en mettant en lumière la réflexion de deux femmes immigrantes originaires du Sénégal et du Brésil qui ont coanimé pendant plus de cinq ans un atelier interculturel dans le cadre d’un cours en pratique sage-femme à l’Université de Trois-Rivières (UQTR). Les rencontres avec ces futures professionnelles de la santé avaient d’abord pour objectif de les sensibiliser sur les expériences de la périnatalité en contexte migratoire. Or les échanges ont mené les deux intervenantes à un processus réflexif suscitant une prise de conscience de leur propre transformation identitaire. Le partage de leurs expériences leur a permis d’en faire le bilan et de s’en distancier. Les auteures, formées en ethnologie de l’interculturel, ont eu recours à l’approche auto-ethnographique pour analyser de manière approfondie cette expérience. Celle-ci a contribué à une meilleure reconnaissance et insertion dans la société d’accueil. Outre sa valeur pédagogique, la participation à la formation de professionnels est aussi, au final, une manière de cheminer.
Más madera, es la guerra
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Utilizo la famosa frase de los hermanos Marx, para el debate generado en el artículo del compañero Dani Aranda, donde era crítico con el actual sistema de comunicación científica. Querría aportar algunas reflexiones más, no nuevas, sino complementarias, a este debate:
¿Llevarás mi vestido sobre la alfombra roja?
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: March 2021

Todavía con la resaca de los Globos de Oro y a pocos días para la gala de entrega de los Óscars en Los Ángeles, las redacciones de medio planeta empiezan a prepararse para comentar –aparte de la calidad de las películas galardonadas– lo que ya se ha convertido en todo un clásico: cuáles serán las actrices mejor y peor vestidas sobre la alfombra roja. Pero, ¿qué se esconde detrás de la relación entre marcas y famosos?
¿Eres tan adaptable como tu diseño web?
Authors: Domínguez Eva
Published: March 2021

El último cambio de la web de The Boston Globe es un referente en el uso del diseño adaptable o responsive design, en inglés, en un medio de comunicación. Dos de las personas responsables de esta decisión, Dan Zedek y Tito Bottitta, estuvieron en Barcelona desvelando los detalles.
'Habemus papam': un mensaje, distintos signos y múltiples voces
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: March 2021

En plena Sociedad de la Información resulta incluso sorprendente la eficacia comunicativa que puede llegar a tener una señal de humo: una fumata blanca que es capaz de cambiar portadas de periódicos o abrir informativos en diferentes partes del mundo. A ella se suman dos palabras en latín, Habemus papam, que se reactualizan por el significado que albergan. Mientras, los internautas, con el uso de diferentes hashtags, convierten la noticia en trending topic. Son paradojas y contradicciones de la cobertura informativa del proceso de elección del nuevo Papa, en el que conviven fórmulas clásicas, casi ancestrales, y nuevos lenguajes.
¿Quién hace las normas y por qué las hemos de tener en cuenta?
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: March 2021

El entorno globalizado en que vive la sociedad de la información requiere de pautas homogéneas para gestionar la información y la documentación de manera eficiente. Un innumerable elenco de hechos nos conduce a esta idea. Como consecuencia, desde hace años, un amplio grupo de profesionales de diferentes ámbitos y países están pensando sobre la homogeneización de las prácticas en gestión de la información y, fruto de sus trabajos, tenemos una serie de normas, muchas de ellas desarrolladas en el marco organizativo de la International Organization for Standarization (ISO).
A coupledj-mode method for sound propagation in range-dependent waveguides
Authors: Liu Juan , Li Qi ,   Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China,   Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Enhineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information, Harbin 150001, China,   College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Published: March 2021

The sound propagation problems in range-dependent waveguides are a common topic in underwater acoustics. The range-dependent factors, involving volumetric and bathymetric variations, significantly influence the propagation of sound energy and information. In this paper, a coupled-mode method based on the multimodal admittance method is presented for analyzing the sound propagation and scattering problems in range-dependent waveguides. The sound field is expanded in terms of a local basis with range-dependent modal amplitudes. The local basis corresponds to the transverse modes in a waveguide with constant physical parameters and constant cross section equal to the local cross section in the range-dependent waveguide. This local basis takes the advantage that it is easier to compute than the usual local modes which are the transverse modes in a waveguide with local physical parameters and constant cross-section equal to the local cross-section, especially for waveguides with complex environments. Projection of the Helmholtz equation that governs the sound pressure onto the local basis gives the second-order coupled mode equations for the modal amplitudes of the sound pressure. The correct boundary conditions are used in the derivation, giving rising to boundary matrices, in order to guarantee the conservation of energy among modes. The second-order coupled mode equations include coupled matrices and boundary matrices, which directly describe the effect of mode coupling due to contribution from volumetric variation (range-dependent physical parameters) and bathymetric variation (range-dependent boundaries). By introducing the admittance matrix, the second-order coupled mode equations are reduced to two sets of first-order evolution equations. The Magnus integration method is used to solve the first-order evolution equations. These first-order evolution equations allow us to obtain the numerical stable solutions and avoid the numerical divergence due to the exponential growth of evanescent modes. The numerical examples are presented for the waveguides with range-dependent physical parameters or range-dependent boundaries. The agreement between the results computed with the coupled mode method and COMSOL verifies the accuracy of the coupled mode method. Although the analysis and numerical implementation in this paper are based on two-dimensional waveguides in Cartesian coordinate system, it can be generally extended to study more complex waveguides.
Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Clarke’s Angle in Determining Pediatric Flexible Flatfoot Using Radiographic Findings as a Criterion Standard Measure: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hegazy Fatma , Aboelnasr Emad , Abdel-Aziem Amr , Hassan Ali , Kim In-Ju
Published: March 2021

Background: Clinical diagnosis of pediatric flexible flatfoot is still a challenging issue for health-care professionals. Clarke’s angle (CA) is frequently used clinically for assessing foot posture; however, there is still debate about its validity and diagnostic accuracy in evaluation of static foot posture especially in the pediatric population, with some previous studies supporting and others refuting its validity. The present study aimed to investigate the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the CA using radiographic findings as a criterion standard measure to determine flexible flatfoot between ages 6 and 18 years.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 612 participants (1224 feet) with flexible flatfoot aged 6 to 18 years (mean ± SD age, 12.36 ± 3.39 years) was recruited. The clinical measure results were compared with the criterion standard radiographic measures and displayed on the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the area under the curve was computed. Intrarater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for the CA. A Fagan nomogram was used to detect post-test probability.

Results: The CA demonstrated higher intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.997), sensitivity (98.4%), specificity (98.8), positive predictive value (97.3), negative predictive value (99.3), positive likelihood ratio (84), and negative likelihood ratio (0.02). The area under the curve was 0.98. The positive likelihood ratio yielded a post-test probability of 97%, and the negative likelihood ratio yielded a post-test probability of 0.02.

Conclusions: The CA is a valid measure with high diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of flexible flatfoot between ages 6 and 18 years.
Regulation of photosynthetic electron flow on dark to light transition by ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase interactions
Authors: Kramer Manuela , Rodriguez-Heredia Melvin , Saccon Francesco , Mosebach Laura , Twachtmann Manuel , Krieger-Liszkay Anja , Duffy Chris , Knell Robert J , Finazzi Giovanni , Hanke Guy Thomas
Published: March 2021

During photosynthesis, electron transport is necessary for carbon assimilation and must be regulated to minimize free radical damage. There is a longstanding controversy over the role of a critical enzyme in this process (ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase, or FNR), and in particular its location within chloroplasts. Here we use immunogold labelling to prove that FNR previously assigned as soluble is in fact membrane associated. We combined this technique with a genetic approach in the model plant Arabidopsis to show that the distribution of this enzyme between different membrane regions depends on its interaction with specific tether proteins. We further demonstrate a correlation between the interaction of FNR with different proteins and the activity of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways. This supports a role for FNR location in regulating photosynthetic electron flow during the transition from dark to light.
Distinct neural mechanisms underlie subjective and objective recollection and guide memory-based decision making
Authors: Fandakova Yana , Johnson Elliott G , Ghetti Simona
Published: March 2021

Accurate memories are often associated with vivid experiences of recollection. However, the neural mechanisms underlying subjective recollection and their unique role in decision making beyond accuracy have received limited attention. We dissociated subjective recollection from accuracy during a forced-choice task. Distractors corresponded either to non-studied exemplars of the targets (A-A’ condition) or to non-studied exemplars of different studied items (A-B’ condition). The A-A’ condition resulted in higher accuracy and greater activation in the superior parietal lobe, whereas the A-B’ condition resulted in higher subjective recollection and greater activation in the precuneus and retrosplenial regions, indicating a dissociation between objective and subjective memory. Activation in insular, cingulate, and lateral prefrontal regions was also associated with subjective recollection; however, during a subsequent decision phase, activation in these same regions was greater for discarded than for selected responses in anticipation of a social reward, underscoring their role in evaluating memory evidence flexibly based on current goals.
A polarity pathway for exocyst-dependent intracellular tube extension
Authors: Abrams Joshua , Nance Jeremy
Published: March 2021

Lumen extension in intracellular tubes can occur when vesicles fuse with an invading apical membrane. Within the Caenorhabditis elegans excretory cell, which forms an intracellular tube, the exocyst vesicle-tethering complex is enriched at the lumenal membrane and is required for its outgrowth, suggesting that exocyst-targeted vesicles extend the lumen. Here, we identify a pathway that promotes intracellular tube extension by enriching the exocyst at the lumenal membrane. We show that PAR-6 and PKC-3/aPKC concentrate at the lumenal membrane and promote lumen extension. Using acute protein depletion, we find that PAR-6 is required for exocyst membrane recruitment, whereas PAR-3, which can recruit the exocyst in mammals, appears dispensable for exocyst localization and lumen extension. Finally, we show that CDC-42 and RhoGEF EXC-5/FGD regulate lumen extension by recruiting PAR-6 and PKC-3 to the lumenal membrane. Our findings reveal a pathway that connects CDC-42, PAR proteins, and the exocyst to extend intracellular tubes.
When the past informs our future
Authors: LaBella Abigail
Published: March 2021

Comparing the genes expressed at the maternal-fetal interface in different species helps to pinpoint those that contribute to a healthy pregnancy by regulating the activity of the immune system.
Supervised ensemble learning methods towards automatically filtering Urdu fake news within social media
Authors: Akhter Muhammad Pervez , Zheng Jiangbin , Afzal Farkhanda , Lin Hui , Riaz Saleem , Mehmood Atif
Published: March 2021

The popularity of the internet, smartphones, and social networks has contributed to the proliferation of misleading information like fake news and fake reviews on news blogs, online newspapers, and e-commerce applications. Fake news has a worldwide impact and potential to change political scenarios, deceive people into increasing product sales, defaming politicians or celebrities, and misguiding visitors to stop visiting a place or country. Therefore, it is vital to find automatic methods to detect fake news online. In several past studies, the focus was the English language, but the resource-poor languages have been completely ignored because of the scarcity of labeled corpus. In this study, we investigate this issue in the Urdu language. Our contribution is threefold. First, we design an annotated corpus of Urdu news articles for the fake news detection tasks. Second, we explore three individual machine learning models to detect fake news. Third, we use five ensemble learning methods to ensemble the base-predictors’ predictions to improve the fake news detection system’s overall performance. Our experiment results on two Urdu news corpora show the superiority of ensemble models over individual machine learning models. Three performance metrics balanced accuracy, the area under the curve, and mean absolute error used to find that Ensemble Selection and Vote models outperform the other machine learning and ensemble learning models.
Fall supplemental feeding increases population growth rate of an endangered caribou herd
Authors: Heard Douglas C. , Zimmerman Kathryn L.
Published: March 2021

Most woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations are declining primarily because of unsustainable predation resulting from habitat-mediated apparent competition. Wolf (Canis lupus) reduction is an effective recovery option because it addresses the direct effect of predation. We considered the possibility that the indirect effects of predation might also affect caribou population dynamics by adversely affecting summer foraging behaviour. If spring and/or summer nutrition was inadequate, then supplemental feeding in fall might compensate for that limitation and contribute to population growth. Improved nutrition and therefore body condition going into winter could increase adult survival and lead to improved reproductive success the next spring. To test that hypothesis, we fed high-quality food pellets to free-ranging caribou in the Kennedy Siding caribou herd each fall for six years, starting in 2014, to see if population growth rate increased. Beginning in winter 2015–16, the Province of British Columbia began a concurrent annual program to promote caribou population increase by attempting to remove most wolves within the Kennedy Siding and the adjacent caribou herds’ ranges. To evaluate the impact of feeding, we compared lambdas before and after feeding began, and to the population trend in the adjacent Quintette herd over the subsequent four years. Supplemental feeding appeared to have an incremental effect on population growth. Population growth of the Kennedy Siding herd was higher in the year after feeding began (λ = 1.06) compared to previous years (λ = 0.91) and to the untreated Quintette herd (λ = 0.95). Average annual growth rate of the Kennedy Siding herd over the subsequent four years, where both feeding and wolf reduction occurred concurrently, was higher than in the Quintette herd where the only management action in those years was wolf reduction (λ = 1.16 vs. λ = 1.08). The higher growth rate of the Kennedy Siding herd was due to higher female survival (96.2%/yr vs. 88.9%/yr). Many caribou were in relatively poor condition in the fall. Consumption of supplemental food probably improved their nutritional status which ultimately led to population growth. Further feeding experiments on other caribou herds using an adaptive management approach would verify the effect of feeding as a population recovery tool. Our results support the recommendation that multiple management actions should be implemented to improve recovery prospects for caribou.
Long-term storage of feces at −80 °C versus −20 °C is negligible for 16S rRNA amplicon profiling of the equine bacterial microbiome
Authors: Gavriliuc Stefan , Stothart Mason R. , Henry Astrid , Poissant Jocelyn
Published: March 2021

The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has spurred a surge of research on bacterial microbiome diversity and function. But despite the rapid growth of the field, many uncertainties remain regarding the impact of differing methodologies on downstream results. Sample storage temperature is conventionally thought to be among the most important factors for ensuring reproducibility across marker gene studies, but to date much of the research on this topic has focused on short-term storage in the context of clinical applications. Consequently, it has remained unclear if storage at −80 °C, widely viewed as the gold standard for long-term archival of feces, is truly required for maintaining sample integrity in amplicon-based studies. A better understanding of the impacts of long-term storage conditions is important given the substantial cost and limited availability of ultra-low temperature freezers. To this end, we compared bacterial microbiome profiles inferred from 16S V3–V4 amplicon sequencing for paired fecal samples obtained from a feral horse population from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, stored at either −80 °C or −20 °C for 4 years. We found that storage temperature did not significantly affect alpha diversity measures, including amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness and evenness, and abundance of rare sequence variants, nor presence/absence, relative abundances and phylogenetic diversity weighted measures of beta diversity. These results indicate that storage of equine feces at −20 °C for periods ranging from a few months to a few years is equivalent to storage at −80 °C for amplicon-based microbiome studies, adding to accumulating evidence indicating that standard domestic freezers are both economical and effective for microbiome research.
Sucrose synthase gene family in Brassica juncea: genomic organization, evolutionary comparisons, and expression regulation
Authors: Li Mengyao , He Qi , Huang Ying , Luo Ya , Zhang Yong , Chen Qing , Wang Yan , Lin Yuanxiu , Zhang Yunting , Liu Zejing , Wang Xiao-Rong , Tang Haoru
Published: March 2021

Sucrose synthase (SUS) plays an important role in sucrose metabolism and plant development. The SUS gene family has been identified in many plants, however, there is no definitive study of SUS gene in Brassica juncea. In this study, 14 SUS family genes were identified and comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The analyzed parameters included their family member characteristics, chromosomal locations, gene structures and phylogenetic as well as transcript expression profiles. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 14 members could be allocated into three groups: SUS I, SUS II and SUS III. Comparisons of the exon/intron structure of the mustard SUS gene indicated that its structure is highly conserved. The conserved structure is attributed to purification selection during evolution. Expansion of the SUS gene family is associated with fragment and tandem duplications of the mustard SUS gene family. Collinearity analysis among species revealed that the SUS gene family could be lost or mutated to varying degrees after the genome was doubled, or when Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra hybridized to form Brassica juncea. The expression patterns of BjuSUSs vary among different stages of mustard stem swelling. Transcriptomics revealed that the BjuSUS01-04 expression levels were the most elevated. It has been hypothesized that they play an important role in sucrose metabolism during stem development. The expression levels of some BjuSUSs were significantly up-regulated when they were treated with plant hormones. However, when subjected to abiotic stress factors, their expression levels were suppressed. This study establishes SUS gene functions during mustard stem development and stress.
Differences in the endophytic fungal community and effective ingredients in root of three Glycyrrhiza species in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Dang Hanli , Zhang Tao , Wang Zhongke , Li Guifang , Zhao Wenqin , Lv Xinhua , Zhuang Li
Published: March 2021

Background

Endophytic fungi influence the quality and quantity of the medicinal plant’s bioactive compounds through specific fungus-host interactions. Nevertheless, due to the paucity of information, the composition of endophytic fungal communities and the mechanism by which effective ingredients regulate endophytic fungal communities in roots remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we collected root and soil samples (depth range: 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) of three Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra). Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin content were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and total flavonoid content was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to explore the composition and diversity of the endophytic fungal community in different root segments of three Glycyrrhiza species. Furthermore, soil samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses.

Results

We observed that the liquiritin content was not affected by the root depth (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm). Still, it was significantly affected by the Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, Glycyrrhiza glabra) (P < 0.05). In Glycyrrhiza root, a total of eight phyla and 140 genera were annotated so far, out of which Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla, and the Fusarium, Paraphoma, and Helminthosporium genera were found to be significantly dominant. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that liquiritin content was accountable for the differences in the diversity of the endophytic fungal community. Furthermore, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that physicochemical properties of the soil (available potassium and ammonium nitrogen) and the root factors (liquiritin and water content) were the main contributing factors for the variations in the overall structure of the endophytic fungal community. Our results showed that the effective ingredients of Glycyrrhiza root and physicochemical properties of the soil regulated the endophytic fungal community composition and medicinal licorice diversity.
Nickel-phenanthroline Complex Supported on Mesoporous Carbon as a Catalyst for Carboxylation under CO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Abdullah Iman , Andriyanti Riri , Nurani Dita Arifa , Krisnandi Yuni Krisyuningsih
Published: March 2021

Carbon dioxide is a highly potential renewable C1 source for synthesis of fine chemicals. Utilization of CO2 in carboxylation reactions requires catalysts, such as: nickel complex for CO2 activation. However, the use of homogeneous catalysts in the reaction is still less efficient due to the difficulty of separating the product and catalyst from reaction mixture. Therefore, it is necessary to heterogenize the nickel complex in a solid support such as mesoporous carbon. In this report, mesoporous carbon (MC) prepared from phloroglucinol and formaldehyde through soft template method was used as a solid support for Ni-phenanthroline complex (Ni-phen). The catalyst was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The result of SAA characterization showed that the pore diameter of MC was 6.7 nm and Ni-phen/MC was 5.1 nm which indicates that the materials have meso-size pores. Ni-phen/MC material was then used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the carboxylation reaction of phenylacetylene under an ambient CO2 pressure. The reactions were carried out in several variations of conditions such as temperature, time and catalyst types. Based on the results of the reaction, the best conditions were obtained at 25 °C for 8 h of reaction time using Ni-phen/MC catalyst.  Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
A Crítica Feminista de Marilyn Strathern à Antropologia em Papua-Nova Guiné
Authors: Lôbo Jade Alcântara
Published: March 2021

Marilyn Strathern é uma das maiores referências dos dias atuais de pesquisa de gênero dentro da antropologia. Seus estudos permitiram profundas discussões sobre a assimetria sexual, divisão sexual do trabalho e parentesco. A partir de suas pesquisas com os povos das Terras Altas da Papua-Nova Guiné, Strathern teceu uma importante crítica a etnografias que cometeram grandes equívocos na compreensão das relações de gêneros ao importar noções ocidentais para compreender comunidades situadas fora do ocidente. Assim, através de uma revisão teórica de algumas pesquisas de Strathern, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a necessidade de uma revisão crítica da antropologia ao propor uma análise das relações de gênero em sociedades que não são a da/o antropóloga/o, ou seja, que não compartilham necessariamente as mesmas categorias, como a noção de “sujeito”, “objeto”, “propriedade” e “coisa”, que a/o antropóloga/o.
Gays de Direita e a Nova Onda Conservadora: a negação de si mesmo e a contradição do conservadorismo nos costumes por parte de membros da comunidade LGBT+
Authors: Copelli Alexandre Lauriano
Published: March 2021

Procurando compreender a nova onda conservadora e a contradição dos membros da Comunidade LGBT+ que se declaram conservadores nos costumes, este estudo conceitua o espectro político, descrevendo a história e os conceitos basilares da direita política, e de sua relação com a religião, para em seguida analisar as características dessa guinada à direita, principalmente a ocorrida no Brasil sob a influência dos movimentos evangélicos. Por fim, citam-se ainda casos de políticos LGBT+ conservadores, com seus modos próprios de ativismo antirrevolucionário, procurando realizar uma análise crítica desse processo de cooptação por um sistema que lhes usa ao mesmo tempo em que lhes despreza.
Interseccionalidade, de Carla Akotirene
Authors: Oliveira Jéssica Cristina Alvaro
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar, analisar e avaliar a obra “Interseccionalidade”, escrita por Carla Akotirene para a coleção “Feminismos Plurais” coordenada por Djamila Ribeiro. Compreendendo que o conceito foi elaborado pela intelectual feminista negra Kimberlé Crenshaw no campo das justiças mediadas, a  interseccionalidade tem como objetivo dar instrumentalidade teórico-metodológica à inseparabilidade estrutural do racismo, do capitalismo e do cisheteropatriarcado, como apresenta Akotirene (2019). Nos cinco capítulos da obra, em questão, a autora apresenta as críticas ao conceito, além de críticas à apropriação de feministas brancas e dos neoliberais, que ignoram o fato de que é impossível pensar opressões interseccionais sem dar o devido crédito às feministas negras, ou da inviabilidade de utilizá-lo para criminalizar corpos negros, por exemplo.  Por fim, pontuo a relevância do livro para as mulheres negras, e para quem trabalha a temática de raça e gênero, pois além da interseccionalidade se tratar da autoridade intelectual das mulheres negras, como lembra Carla Akotirene (2019), a forma com que a autora traz críticas positivas e negativas, sem deixar de se posicionar sobre elas, precisa ser apreciada e debatida dentro das discussões de raça e de gênero.