bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad-scale sampling of primary freshwater fish populations reveals the role of intrinsic traits, inter-basin connectivity, drainage area and latitude on shaping contemporary patterns of genetic diversity
Authors: Sousa-Santos Carla , Robalo Joana I. , Pereira Ana M. , Branco Paulo , Santos José Maria , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Sousa Mónica , Doadrio Ignacio
Published: February 2016

Background.Worldwide predictions suggest that up to 75% of the freshwater fish species occurring in rivers with reduced discharge could be extinct by 2070 due to the combined effect of climate change and water abstraction. The Mediterranean region is considered to be a hotspot of freshwater fish diversity but also one of the regions where the effects of climate change will be more severe. Iberian cyprinids are currently highly endangered, with over 68% of the species raising some level of conservation concern.

Methods.During the FISHATLAS project, the Portuguese hydrographical network was extensively covered (all the 34 river basins and 47 sub-basins) in order to contribute with valuable data on the genetic diversity distribution patterns of native cyprinid species. A total of 188 populations belonging to 16 cyprinid species ofSqualius, Luciobarbus, Achondrostoma, Iberochondrostoma, AnaecyprisandPseudochondrostomawere characterized, for a total of 3,678 cytochromebgene sequences.

Results.When the genetic diversity of these populations was mapped, it highlighted differences among populations from the same species and between species with identical distribution areas. Factors shaping the contemporary patterns of genetic diversity were explored and the results revealed the role of latitude, inter-basin connectivity, migratory behaviour, species maximum size, species range and other species intrinsic traits in determining the genetic diversity of sampled populations. Contrastingly, drainage area and hydrological regime (permanent vs. temporary) seem to have no significant effect on genetic diversity. Species intrinsic traits, maximum size attained, inter-basin connectivity and latitude explained over 30% of the haplotype diversity variance and, generally, the levels of diversity were significantly higher for smaller sized species, from connected and southerly river basins.

Discussion.Targeting multiple co-distributed species of primary freshwater fish allowed us to assess the relative role of historicalversuscontemporary factors affecting genetic diversity. Since different patterns were detected for species with identical distribution areas we postulate that contemporary determinants of genetic diversity (species’ intrinsic traits and landscape features) must have played a more significant role than historical factors. Implications for conservation in a context of climate change and highly disturbed habitats are detailed, namely the need to focus management and conservation actions on intraspecific genetic data and to frequently conduct combined genetic and demographic surveys.
A hierarchical model of daily stream temperature using air-water temperature synchronization, autocorrelation, and time lags
Authors: Letcher Benjamin H. , Hocking Daniel J. , O’Neil Kyle , Whiteley Andrew R. , Nislow Keith H. , O’Donnell Matthew J.
Published: February 2016

Water temperature is a primary driver of stream ecosystems and commonly forms the basis of stream classifications. Robust models of stream temperature are critical as the climate changes, but estimating daily stream temperature poses several important challenges. We developed a statistical model that accounts for many challenges that can make stream temperature estimation difficult. Our model identifies the yearly period when air and water temperature are synchronized, accommodates hysteresis, incorporates time lags, deals with missing data and autocorrelation and can include external drivers. In a small stream network, the model performed well (RMSE = 0.59°C), identified a clear warming trend (0.63 °C decade−1) and a widening of the synchronized period (29 d decade−1). We also carefully evaluated how missing data influenced predictions. Missing data within a year had a small effect on performance (∼0.05% average drop in RMSE with 10% fewer days with data). Missing all data for a year decreased performance (∼0.6 °C jump in RMSE), but this decrease was moderated when data were available from other streams in the network.
How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating?
Authors: Bertran Joan , Macià Francesc Xavier , Margalida Antoni
Published: February 2016

In colonial breeding species, preventive measures to reduce the risks of extra-pair copulations (EPCs) should reflect the actual risk perceived by males (e.g., proximity of neighbors, intrusions into the nest) mainly during the fertile period. In colonial vultures, specific studies examining the preventive measures that minimize the risks of EPCs occurring within the competitive context of colonial breeding have not been conducted. Here we tested at Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) nesting sites the intensity of paternity assurance behavior, shown as frequency and duration of within-pair copulations (WPCs), potential mate vigilance or nest attendance, and levels of aggressivity. This was measured according to the frequency of territorial intrusions and comparison of the fertile vs. the non-fertile period. Our findings suggest that the frequency of WPCs and their duration increased significantly during the presumed fertile period, regarded as the period when Griffon pairs spent significantly more time together at their nests. In addition, low levels of territorial intrusions were observed, an aggressive response of pairs towards intruders, and a relatively high presence of pairs at the nests during the fertile period. Thus, although nesting sites are subject to low exposure to EPC attempts, the increased frequency and duration of copulations during the fertile period suggests that, under pressure from the colonial breeding system, a higher rate of copulations is the most effective preventive mechanism against relative uncertainty of paternity.
Intensive Structural Disorder Induces Electronic Delocalization: Amorphous Solid‐Liquid Transition in Ovonic Threshold Switching Materials
Authors: Chen Nian‐Ke , Wang Bai‐Qian , Niu Meng , Sun Hong‐Bo , Zhang Shengbai , Li Xian‐Bin
Published: September 2024

Disorder‐induced electronic localization is responsible for the OFF state of the Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) device, which is an indispensable component in the present 3D‐crossbar‐architecture phase‐change memory circuit. However, the atomic mechanism of the OTS device, especially the role of thermal effect, remains a long‐term open question. Recent researches suggest that the working current of the OTS ON‐state is often large enough to melt the adjacent phase‐change memory material in the OTS+PCM devices. Thus, Joule heating‐induced atomic/electronic structure transition in OTS materials must be seriously considered. Taking the typical OTS material GeSe as an example, first‐principles calculations reveal an unexpected electronic delocalization induced by the enhanced structural disorder upon solid‐liquid transition. Meanwhile, as the temperature rises, the band gap decreases or even closes, leading to an increase in carrier concentration. Therefore, the melting filament with high conductivity could be responsible for the holding‐ON state of OTS materials. The results in this study may provide possible explanations for some puzzles of OTS devices, such as the reasons for holding‐ON state and limited endurance.
Bidirectional Synergistic Crystallization Strategy for Regulating Growth Kinetics Toward Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Dong , Wang Mingliang , Cai Shidong , Meng Ning , Li Yaoyao , Gao Jie , He Xiafeng , Zhang Ruidan , Cai Qingrui , Chen Guilin , Li Hongxiang , Song Dandan
Published: September 2024

Crystalline quality is paramount for the performance and stability of perovskite films and devices. By regulating the nucleation and growth processes, it is possible to significantly enhance the crystalline quality. This work introduces a bidirectional synergistic crystallization strategy (BSC strategy) that synchronizes the crystallization kinetics across both the top and bottom surfaces of the perovskite film, thereby enhancing film quality and boosting the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Employing time‐resolved optical characterization techniques, it is demonstrated that the BSC strategy effectively mitigates the dissolution–recrystallization cycle of the perovskite nuclei and grains during annealing, accelerates the evaporation of residual solvents at the bottom of the perovskite film, and suppresses void formation at the buried interface. Depth‐resolved grazing‐incidence wide‐angle scattering analyses further confirm that the BSC strategy improves the crystalline quality of the perovskite film, promotes oriented growth, and minimizes internal residual strains caused by uneven growth dynamics. This approach results in a champion device efficiency of 24.98%, with the low voltage deficit of 360 mV. Moreover, device stability is markedly enhanced, after 1000 h of continuous light exposure, the efficiency remains over 91% of the initial value.
An Active and Stable High‐Entropy Ruddlesden‐Popper Type La1.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2O4±δ Oxygen Electrode for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Li Xuelian , Chen Ting , Wang Chenxiao , Sun Ning , Zhang Guangjun , Zhou Yucun , Wang Mian , Zhu Jun , Xu Lang , Wang Shaorong
Published: September 2024

Insufficient catalytic activity and stability of oxygen electrodes are major challenges for the widespread use of reversible solid oxide cells (Re‐SOCs). Here, a Ruddlesden‐Popper‐structured high‐entropy La1.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2O4±δ (RP‐LSCFNMC) oxygen electrode with fast oxygen reduction and emission reaction kinetics, inhibited Sr segregation and favorable thermal expansion efficient is reported. A Re‐SOC with the RP‐LSCFNMC oxygen electrode achieves an encouraging peak power density of 1.74 W cm−2 in the fuel cell mode and a remarkable current density of 2.10 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in the water electrolysis mode at 800 °C. The Re‐SOC also shows excellent stability, with no Sr segregation observed after 120 h of testing in both the fuel cell and electrolysis modes at 750 °C. Furthermore, the improved activity and stability of the RP‐LSCFNMC oxygen electrode are confirmed through a combination of experiments and density functional theory‐based calculations. These findings make the high‐entropy RP‐LSCFNMC oxide a promising oxygen electrode candidate for advanced Re‐SOCs.
Facile Size Tunable Skin‐Adaptive Patch for Accelerating Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Sung‐Won , Baik Sangyul , Hyun Jiyu , Lee Jihyun , Lim Dohyun , Lee Tae‐Jin , Jeong Gun‐Jae , Im Gwang‐Bum , Seo Inwoo , Kim Yeong Hwan , Pang Changhyun , Bhang Suk Ho
Published: September 2024

Owing to the moist and curved interfaces of skin wounds, enhancing the adhesiveness while maintaining delivery efficacy of biomolecules has drawn significant attention in advanced wound dressings. Despite tremendous trials to load biomolecules with sound adhesiveness, the complicated fabricating processes and abnormal allergic responses that are attributed to chemical moiety‐based adhesives remain as major problems. To this end, in this study a one‐step fabrication process is developed to manufacture microstructures with both a therapeutic (cylindrical structure for embossed structure human adipose‐derived stem cell sheet, ESS) and an adhesive part (octopi‐inspired structure of adhesive, OIA), which ESOIA is called. OIA showed the highest adhesion strength in both dry (1.48 N cm−2) and wet pig skin conditions (0.81 N cm−2), maintaining the adhesive properties after repeated attach–detach trials. ESS from the therapeutic part of ESOIA also showed an enhanced angiogenic effect compared with the ones that are normally cultured in vitro. ESS also showed improved in vivo wound healing outcomes following enhanced cell engraftment compared to the cell injection group by means of intact cell‐extracellular matrix interactions.
Bioinstructive Liquefied Pockets in Hierarchical Hydrogels and Bioinks
Authors: Ghasemzadeh‐Hasankolaei Maryam , Correia Tiago R. , Mano João F.
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a novel, versatile, and modular platform for constructing porous and heterogeneous microenvironments based on the embedding of liquefied‐based compartments in hydrogel systems. Using a bottom‐up approach, microgels carrying the necessary cargo components, including cells and microparticles, are combined with a hydrogel precursor to fabricate a hierarchical structured (HS) system. The HS system possesses three key features that can be fully independently controlled: I) liquefied pockets enabling free cellular mobility; II) surface modified microparticles facilitating 3D microtissue organization inside the liquefied pockets; III) at a larger scale, the pockets are jammed in the hydrogel, forming a macro‐sized construct. After crosslinking, the embedded microgels undergo a liquefaction process, forming a porous structure that ensures high diffusion of small biomolecules and enables cells to move freely within their miniaturized compartmentalized volume. More importantly, this platform allows the creation of multimodular cellular microenvironments within a hydrogel with controlled macrostructures, while decoupling micro‐ and macroenvironments. As a proof of concept, the enhancement of cellular functions using the HS system by encapsulating human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) is successfully demonstrated. Finally, the potential application of this system as a hybrid bioink for bioprinting complex 3D structures is showcased.
Orally Deliverable Iron‐Ceria Nanotablets for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Baik Seungmin , Kim Hyunmin , Lee Yunjung , Kang Taegyu , Shin Kwangsoo , Song Changyeong , Park Ok Kyu , Kang Byeonggeun , Lee Nohyun , Kim Dokyoon , Choi Seung Hong , Kim Seung Han , Soh Min , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim Chi Kyung
Published: September 2024

Ceria‐based nanoparticles are versatile in treating various inflammatory diseases, but their feasibility in clinical translation is undermined by safety concerns and a limited delivery system. Meanwhile, the idiopathic nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) calls for a wider variety of therapeutics via moderation of the intestinal immune system. In this regard, the synthesis and oral formulation of iron‐ceria nanoparticles (CF NPs) with enhanced nanozymic activity and lower toxicity risk than conventional ceria‐based nanoparticles are reported. CF NPs are clustered in calcium phosphate (CaP) and coated with a pH‐responsive polymer to provide the enteric formulation of iron‐ceria nanotablets (CFNT). CFNT exhibits a marked alleviative efficacy in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced enterocolitis model in vivo by modulating the pro‐inflammatory behavior of innate immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils, promoting anti‐inflammatory cytokine profiles, and downregulating key transcription factors of inflammatory pathways.
Sustainable Mechanochemical Processed Recycled Spent Graphite and Nano‐Silicon Composites as Anode for Advanced Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jegan Lekshmi , Baji Dona Susan , Nair Shantikumar , Santhanagopalan Dhamodaran
Published: September 2024

Advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicle applications are on demand recently. Graphite anode in LIBs provides with good cycle life but limited capacity. On the other hand, silicon that possesses high capacity but significant volume changes during cycling limits its practical use. Hence, nanocomposites of graphite and nano silicon (nSi) can provide a viable solution. This work emphasizes the potential of recycled spent graphite (SG) composited with nSi anode in order to fulfill the demand for high capacity anodes. SG to nSi ratio is systematically designed of the composite for LIB applications. The structural, morphological, and surface chemical analysis are conducted and further correlated with the electrochemical performances of the composite anodes. The nanocomposite with equal ratio of SG:nSi (1:1) exhibited high reversible capacity of 1886 mAh g−1 while the SG dominant ratio of SG:nSi (3:1) delivered a least capacity loss of less than 2.2 mAh g−1 cycle−1 for 200 cycles. Nanocomposites exhibited satisfactory electrochemical performance; especially improving cycling stability. The enhanced performance is attributed to the stable solid‐electrolyte interface layer formation which is further characterized by ex situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis with different state of charge and discharge conditions.
Fine‐Tuning 2D Heterogeneous Channels for Charge‐Lock Enhanced Lithium Separation from Brine
Authors: Hao Yaxin , Liu Xin , Zhang Yaoling , Zhang Xin , Li Zhan , Chen Ximeng
Published: September 2024

The extraction of lithium (Li) from complex brines presents significant challenges due to the interference of competing ions, particularly magnesium (Mg2⁺), which complicates the selective separation process. Herein, a strategy is introduced employing charge‐lock enhanced 2D heterogeneous channels for the rapid and selective uptake of Li⁺. This approach integrates porous ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanosheets into Ag+‐modulated sub‐nanometer interlayer channels, forming channels optimized for Li⁺ extraction. The novelty lies in the charge‐lock mechanism, which selectively captures Mg2⁺ ions, thereby facilitating the effective separation of Li from Mg. This mechanism is driven by a charge transfer during the formation of ZnFe2O4/ZnO, rendering O atoms in Fe‐O bonds more negatively charged. These negative charges strongly interact with the high charge density of Mg2⁺ ions, enabling the charge‐locking mechanism and the targeted capture of Mg2⁺. Optimization with Ag⁺ further improves interlayer spacing, increasing ion transport rates and addressing the swelling issue typical of 2D membranes. The resultant membrane showcases high water flux (44.37 L m⁻2 h⁻¹ bar⁻¹) and an impressive 99.8% rejection of Mg2⁺ in real brine conditions, achieving a Li⁺/Mg2⁺ selectivity of 59.3, surpassing existing brine separation membranes. Additionally, this membrane demonstrates superior cyclic stability, highlighting its high potential for industrial applications.
Bi2Ti2O7 Quantum Dots for Efficient Photocatalytic Fixation of Nitrogen to Ammonia: Impacts of Shallow Energy Levels
Authors: Li Pengkun , Wu Runjie , Li Peishen , Gao Shuai , Qin Zeping , Song Xingjian , Sun Wenming , Hua Zhaorui , Wang Qiang , Chen Shaowei
Published: September 2024

Photocatalytic fixation of nitrogen to ammonia represents an attractive alternative to the Haber–Bosch process under ambient conditions, and the performance can be enhanced by defect engineering of the photocatalysts, in particular, formation of shallow energy levels due to oxygen vacancies that can significantly facilitate the adsorption and activation of nitrogen. This calls for deliberate size engineering of the photocatalysts. In the present study, pyrochlore Bi2Ti2O7 quantum dots and (bulk‐like) nanosheets are prepared hydrothermally by using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as the precursors. Despite a similar oxygen vacancy concentration, the quantum dots exhibit a drastically enhanced photocatalytic performance toward nitrogen fixation, at a rate of 332.03 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 77 times higher than that of the nanosheet counterpart. Spectroscopic and computational studies based on density functional theory calculations show that the shallow levels arising from oxygen vacancies in the Bi2Ti2O7 quantum dots, in conjunction with the moderately constrained quantum confinement effect, facilitate the chemical adsorption and activation of nitrogen.
Loneliness, cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease pathology, and cognition
Authors: Lao Patrick , Young Christina B. , Ezeh Chima , Lacayo Bayardo , Seblova Dominika , Andrews Ryan M. , Gibbons Laura , Kraal A. Zarina , Turney Indira , Deters Kacie D. , Dotson Vonetta , Manly Jennifer J. , Barnes Lisa L. , Zahodne Laura B.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Loneliness has a rising public health impact, but research involving neuropathology and representative cohorts has been limited.

METHODS

Inverse odds of selection weights were generalized from the autopsy sample of Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center cohorts (N = 680; 89 ± 9 years old; 25% dementia) to the US‐representative Health and Retirement Study (N = 8469; 76 ± 7 years old; 5% dementia) to extend external validity. Regressions tested cross‐sectional associations between loneliness and (1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathology; (2) five cognitive domains; and (3) relationships between pathology and cognition, adjusting for depression.

RESULTS

In weighted models, greater loneliness was associated with microinfarcts, lower episodic and working memory in the absence of AD pathology, lower working memory in the absence of infarcts, a stronger association of infarcts with lower episodic memory, and a stronger association of microinfarcts with lower working and semantic memory.

DISCUSSION

Loneliness may relate to AD through multiple pathways involving cerebrovascular pathology and cognitive reserve.

Highlights

Loneliness was associated with worse cognition in five domains.

Loneliness was associated with the presence of microinfarcts.

Loneliness moderated cognition–neuropathology associations.

Transportability methods can provide insight into selection bias.
Exploring Antiplasmodial, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Docking Profile: Conjugating Organotin Moiety With Hydrazones for Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Boora Ankit , Devi Jai , Kumar Binesh
Published: September 2024

In the 21st century, pathogenic deformities contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality. Our research investigates the antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of newly synthesized hydrazones and their organotin (IV) complexes, derived from 2‐benzoyl‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione and 2‐phenoxypropanehydrazide/2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propanehydrazide. Structural confirmation was achieved through multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV–Vis, IR, HRMS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), revealing tridentate coordination of ligands to the tin metal via imine nitrogen and two enolic oxygens, forming a pentacoordinated geometry. The SEM analysis revealed that hydrazone ligand (1) exhibits a rectangular bar‐like microstructure, whereas its complex (5) shows a rugged surface with distinct territorial patches. Compounds (5) [Bu2SnL1] and (6) [Ph2SnL1] stood out with significant bioactivity, with antimalarial IC50 values ranging from 0.54 ± 0.07 to 0.67 ± 0.06 μM and antioxidant IC50 values from 4.39 ± 0.02 to 4.67 ± 0.01 μM. Additionally, compounds (6) [Ph2SnL1] and (10) [Ph2SnL4] exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.0045 to 0.0042 μmol/mL, respectively, comparable to standard drugs. Complementing the experimental data, in silico molecular docking studies were performed on the most effective ligand (1) [H2L1] and its phenyl complex (6) [Ph2SnL1] with Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase, revealing binding energies of −6.0 and −6.9 kcal/mol, respectively, and corroborating the experimental findings. Further, comprehensive absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) evaluations were performed on each compound to gauge their suitability as drug candidates and potential for toxicity.
Ionic Diode Current Rectification in High Salt Media with Sulfonated Poly(oxy‐1,4‐phenylene‐oxy‐1,4‐phenylenecarbonyl‐1,4‐phenylene)
Authors: Sharma Chhavi , Dale Sara E. C. , Mathwig Klaus , Zevenbergen Marcel A. G. , Li Zhongkai , E. Bhuvanesh , Parida Kaushik , Negi Yuvraj Singh , Marken Frank
Published: September 2024

Sulfonated poly(oxy‐1,4‐phenylene‐oxy‐1,4‐phenylenecarbonyl‐1,4‐phenylene) also known as SPEEK is a chemically robust cation conductor with good solution processability. A thin film (approx. 0.7 μm) coated asymmetrically over a 10 μm diameter microhole in a Teflon substrate film (5 μm thickness) produces ionic diode effects in aqueous electrolyte media even at high ionic strengths up to 2 M NaCl. The enhancement in the ionic diode performance under high salt conditions is tentatively attributed to a (partial) switch from a concentration polarisation effect (dominant for high diode currents) to interfacial polarisation (dominant at low current; proposed for molecularly rigid ionomers). Ionic strength effects on the diode performance seem relatively low further indicative of a mechanism for the diode effect caused by interfacial polarisation without significant concentration polarisation. Preliminary comparison of diode phenomena in aqueous HCl, LiCl, NaCl, and MgCl2 reveals cation specific effects due to interaction with the polymer.
Impact of Donor−Recipient BMI Ratio on Survival Outcomes of Heart Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Analysis Study
Authors: Zhong Yucheng , Zhang Changdong , Wang Yixuan , Liu Mei , Shang Xiaoke , Dong Nianguo
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the donor−recipient BMI ratio on the survival outcomes of heart transplant recipients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 641 heart transplant patients who underwent surgery between September 2008 and June 2021. The BMI ratio (donor BMI divided by recipient BMI) was calculated for each patient. Kaplan−Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to evaluate survival rates and determine the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality.

Results

Significant differences were found in donor age and donor−recipient height ratio between the BMI ratio groups. The BMI ratio ≥ 1 group had a higher mean donor age (37.27 ± 10.54 years) compared to the BMI ratio < 1 group (34.72 ± 11.82 years, p = 0.008), and a slightly higher mean donor−recipient height ratio (1.02 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00 ± 0.05, p = 0.002). The Kaplan−Meier survival analysis indicated that the survival rate in the BMI ratio ≥ 1 group was significantly lower than in the BMI ratio < 1 group. Cox multivariate analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, revealed a HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08−2.09) for mortality in patients with a BMI ratio ≥ 1. No significant differences were observed in ICU stay, postoperative hospitalization days, or total mechanical ventilation time between the groups.

Conclusion

A higher donor−recipient BMI ratio was associated with an increased risk of mortality in heart transplant recipients.
Prognostic Nomograms for Patients With NF‐Pan‐NET After Pancreatectomy: A Retrospective Analysis Based on SEER Database
Authors: Wang Yizhi , Kong Yang , Yang Qifan , Zhou Dongkai
Published: September 2024

Aims

Surgical resection is the primary treatment option for patients diagnosed with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF‐Pan‐NETs). However, the postoperative prognostic evaluation for NF‐Pan‐NET patients remains obscure. This study aimed to construct an efficient model to predict the prognosis of NF‐Pan‐NET patients who have received surgical resection.

Methods

NF‐Pan‐NET patients after pancreatectomy were retrieved from the SEER database for the period of 2010 to 2019. A total of 2844 patients with NF‐Pan‐NET from SEER database were included in our study. After careful screening, six clinicopathological variables including age, grade, AJCC T stage, AJCC N stage, AJCC M stage, and chemotherapy were selected to develop nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) respectively of the patients.

Results

The novel models demonstrated high accuracy and discrimination in prognosticating resected NF‐Pan‐NET through various validation methods. Furthermore, the risk subgroups classified by the newly developed risk stratification systems based on the nomograms exhibited significant differences in both OS and CSS, surpassing the efficacy of the AJCC 8th TNM staging system. Novel nomograms and corresponding risk classification systems were developed to predict OS and CSS in patients with NF‐Pan‐NET after pancreatectomy.

Conclusion

The models demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional staging systems, providing clinicians with more accurate and personalized guidance for postoperative surveillance and treatment.
Acute neuromuscular and perceptual responses to U‐18 English Premier League academy football match play
Authors: Springham Matthew , Singh Nav , Stewart Perry , Matthews Jordan , Jones Ian , Norton‐Sherwood Charlie , May Dominic , Trehan Sharma Sapna , Salter Jamie , Strudwick Anthony J. , Shaw Joe
Published: September 2024

We examined the sensitivity and time‐course of recovery of neuromuscular and perceptual player monitoring measures to U‐18 English Premier League academy football match play. Eighteen players performed maximal posterior chain, hip adductor and abductor isometric strength tests, countermovement jumps (CMJ) and provided self‐report wellbeing scores around eight competitive league home games: 1 day before (MD‐1), pre‐match (MD‐PRE), post‐match (MD‐POST) and two (MD+2) and three (MD+3) days post‐match. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc univariate analyses of variance were used to examine match‐induced responses to monitoring variables. Between MD‐1 and MD‐POST, we observed small to moderate reductions to the adductor and abductor peak force and maximal impulse and IPCS peak force; small reductions to CMJ jump height (JH) (flight time), eccentric peak force and eccentric deceleration rate of force development and moderate to large reductions to perceived fatigue, muscle soreness and mood. No match‐induced changes were observed for CMJ flight time: contraction time or eccentric duration. Posterior chain, abductor, CMJ and self‐report measures normalised by MD+3 but adductor peak force remained compromised at MD+3 (ES = small). Posterior chain, adductor and abductor peak isometric force and maximal impulse; CMJ JH, eccentric peak force and eccentric deceleration rate of force development and perceived fatigue, muscle soreness and mood are sensitive to match‐induced fatigue. Since adductor peak force remained compromised at MD+3, it is apparent that players might not achieve complete neuromuscular recovery within 3 days of match play, and that the adductor muscle group might be particularly vulnerable to match‐induced fatigue.
Understanding the Role of Recreational Angling Technology in Angler Expectations of Catch, Trip Catch, and Angler Satisfaction
Authors: Kerkhove Amanda M. , Trudeau Ashley , Jensen Olaf P. , Isermann Daniel A. , Dombrowski Patricia A. , Latimer Alexandra M. , Feiner Zachary S.
Published: September 2024

Rapid technological advancement often receives a mix of criticism and welcome implementation. Fishing technologies, such as sonar, are believed to enable anglers to be more efficient and effective in their angling. There are concerns from anglers and managers of increased catch by technology users. We assessed the relationships between technology use—defined as the use of imaging technology such as sonar and underwater cameras—and catch, angler expectations of catch, and trip satisfaction using a dual intercept creel survey. Angling technologies were used by 80% and 79% of intercepted boat and ice anglers, respectively, but only 3.9% of shore anglers. Fishing technologies increased expected catch for game fish anglers, but not panfish anglers, and had no effect on actual catch for either group. Most anglers caught fewer fish than expected, and technology did not improve their ability to meet expectations. Technology use was associated with decreased overall satisfaction among panfish and game fish anglers. These results suggest that concerns about fishing technology increasing catch may not be warranted. Rather, technology use may affect angler expectations and negatively impact angler satisfaction, potentially influencing angler behavior.
Interventions for pre‐school children in foster care: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of child‐related outcomes
Authors: Kirby Natalie , Biggs Camilla , Garside Megan , Cheung Gloria , Wilson Philip , Forde Matt , Deidda Manuela , Ougrin Dennis , Turner Fiona , Crawford Karen , Minnis Helen
Published: September 2024

Background

Children in foster care are at high risk of future mental health and developmental difficulties. A number of interventions may be helpful; however, the effectiveness of interventions specifically for pre‐school children in foster care is not well established. This is an important omission, since infancy and early childhood may be the optimal period for interventions to prevent future problems. The current systematic review set out to establish the existing evidence base for interventions to improve social‐emotional, developmental and relational outcomes for pre‐school children in foster and kinship care.

Methods

Searches of online databases were undertaken in June 2023 with keyword search terms related to the study population and design. Studies utilising a randomised control design to measure the effectiveness of interventions for foster children aged 0–7 years were included. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB‐2) tool and effects evaluated using narrative synthesis and GRADE assessments of included interventions and outcomes.

Results

Searches identified 6815 results. Twenty studies, describing seven interventions, met inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies reported intervention benefits comparative to control in at least one outcome domain, with particularly good evidence for Attachment and Behaviour Catch‐Up (ABC) in improving developmental outcomes. There was also evidence for Multi‐Treatment Foster Care for Pre‐Schoolers (MTFC‐P), Kids In Transition To School (KITS), Parent‐Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and HeadStart in improving behavioural outcomes. The findings for relational outcomes, including attachment, were mixed; however, there was some evidence for MTFC‐P and ABC in reducing avoidant attachment.

Conclusions

This systematic review contributes to our current understanding of how we might best support pre‐school children in foster care. It remains unclear whether the effectiveness of particular interventions may be moderated by participant or intervention characteristics. Further research is needed to understand which interventions work best for whom in this group. Despite some variability in methodological quality and heterogeneity across studies, our findings suggest that certain interventions are likely to be helpful for young children in foster care. Dissemination and ongoing evaluation of the evidence‐based interventions highlighted within this review should be implemented in clinical practice.
Impact of Spousal Mental Illness on Healthcare Utilization Among Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Khalil Mujtaba , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Iyer Sidharth , Rashid Zayed , Altaf Abdullah , Katayama Erryk , Chatzipanagiotou Odysseas P. , Carpenter Kristen M. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Informal caregiving involves increased responsibilities, with financial and emotional challenges, thereby affecting the well‐being of the caregiver. We aimed to investigate the effect of spousal mental illness on hospital visits and medical spending among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods

Patients who underwent GI cancer surgery between 2013 and 2020 were identified from the IBM Marketscan database. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the association between spousal mental illness and healthcare utilization.

Results

A total of 6,035 patients underwent GI surgery for a malignant indication. Median age was 54 years (IQR: 49–59), most patients were male (n = 3592, 59.5%), and had a CCI score of ≤ 2 (n = 5512, 91.3%). Of note, in the 1 year follow‐up period, 19.4% (anxiety: n = 509, 8.4%; depression: n = 301, 5.0%; both anxiety and depression: n = 273, 4.5%; severe mental illness: n = 86, 1.4%) of spouses developed a mental illness. On multivariable analysis, after controlling for competing factors, spousal mental illness remained independently associated with increased odds of emergency department visits (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.38) and becoming a super healthcare utilizer (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.79), as well as 12.1% (95% CI 10.6–15.3) higher medical spending.

Conclusion

Among patients with GI cancer spousal mental illness is associated with higher rates of outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and expenditures during the 1‐year postoperative period. These findings underscore the importance of caregiving resources and counseling in alleviating caregiver burden, thereby reducing the overall burden on the healthcare system.
Analyzing the Interaction Among Tourism, Life Expectancy, and Unemployment in Japan: Insights From Cointegration and Conditional Causality Approach
Authors: Lasisi Taiwo T. , Eweade Babatunde Sunday , Eluwole Kayode K.
Published: September 2024

This study explores the dynamic interconnectedness among tourism, life expectancy, unemployment, and economic growth in Japan from 1995 to 2023. Despite numerous studies on these variables individually, comprehensive analysis on their interconnections is lacking. Using Bounds testing, ARDL models, and Granger causality techniques, we reveal significant insights into these relationships. The analysis confirms a long‐run co‐integration among all variables, indicating a stable equilibrium over time. In the short run, tourism and life expectancy positively impact economic growth, underscoring their crucial roles in driving Japan's economy. Conversely, the link between unemployment and economic growth is negative and statistically insignificant, suggesting that short‐term unemployment fluctuations do not substantially affect economic performance. Granger causality analysis shows bidirectional causality among economic growth, tourism, and life expectancy, indicating mutual reinforcement and interdependence, while unemployment reveals unidirectional causality. The findings emphasize the need for policies supporting tourism development and as strategic avenues for sustainable economic growth.
Effect of ChatGPT's Answering Style on Users' Acceptance in a Trip Planning Context
Authors: Kim Jungkeun , Shin Seunghun , Kim Joo Young , Koo Chulmo
Published: September 2024

This research examines the effect of the answering style of ChatGPT on users' acceptance in a trip planning context, where ChatGPT recommends a list of destinations. Focusing on two style factors (information structure: destinations are listed vs. explained; communication style: opening and ending remarks are present vs. absent), we examined how travelers' acceptance of ChatGPT's recommendation varied with its answering style based on the “Computers are Social Actors” paradigm, via three experiments. While the relationship between communication style and travelers' acceptance was not significant, that between information structure and acceptance was significant, travelers were more willing to visit the destinations recommended by ChatGPT when they were explained than when listed. Also, this research identified a mediator (perceived informativeness) and a moderator (travelers' familiarity with the destinations) of the relationship. As one of the earliest empirical studies regarding travelers' usage of ChatGPT, this study serves as a reference for future research.
Integrating Muslim‐Friendly Tourist Destination Image, Value, Satisfaction and Muslim Actual Visit Behaviour in the Travel Industry
Authors: Hamdy Ahmed , Eid Riyad , Gao Xiangyun
Published: September 2024

Because Islamophobia has increased recently, Muslim tourists, who make up a crucial part of the global tourism market, prefer to travel to Muslim‐friendly places. However, the perceived Muslim‐friendly tourist destination image (MFTDI) remains completely unaddressed in the literature. Furthermore, there is no systematic empirical evidence concerning the impacts of the MFTDI on perceived value, satisfaction and Muslim actual visit behaviour. As a result, the purpose of this investigation is to define the multiple components of MFTDI, to explore the interrelationships within the MFTDI, value, satisfaction and Muslim actual visit behaviour, and to design and test a theoretical framework for the outcomes of MFTDI in the travel industry. To do so, nine hypotheses were established and evaluated using a survey of 576 Muslim travellers of different nationalities. The findings indicate that the dimensions of the proposed MFTDI model are critical for improving Muslim travellers' actual visit behaviours in the travel industry.
Secondary outcomes of scoliosis surgery in disease‐modifying treatment‐naïve patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and nonambulant type 3
Authors: Brusa Chiara , Baranello Giovanni , Ridout Deborah , de Graaf Julie , Manzur Adnan Y , Munot Pinki , Sarkozy Anna , Main Marion , Milev Evelin , Iodice Mario , Ramsey Danielle , Tucker Stewart , Ember Tom , Nadarajah Ramesh , Muntoni Francesco , Scoto Mariacristina
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Aims

Available studies on scoliosis surgery in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have focused on the primary outcome of the procedure—the correction of the curve—whereas research focusing on secondary outcomes is scarce. We aimed to investigate postsurgical changes in respiratory function, motor function, weight, pain, and satisfaction.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical notes of 32 disease‐modifying treatment‐naïve patients (26 SMA2, 6 nonambulant SMA3). We also performed investigator‐developed phone interviews and conducted a focus group with families on postsurgical satisfaction.

Results

Mean annual rate of forced vital capacity percent decline improved in SMA2: −3.2% postsurgery versus −6.9% presurgery (p < .001), with similar trajectories in SMA3. Gross motor functional scores (Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale) available in 12/32 dropped immediately after surgery: median loss of 6.5 points, with relatively spared upper limb function. Weight z‐scores postsurgery dropped in 16/32, requiring food supplements (5/16); one/16 lost >5% of total weight requiring gastrostomy. Postsurgical pain was frequently reported, especially hip pain (13/32). Overall, 10/10 patients/parents participating in the phone interview rated the procedure as very successful for posture and physical appearance. Nonetheless, 7/10 reported postsurgical pain, reduced mobility, and unmet care needs. The seven patients/parents attending the focus group highlighted lack of intensive physiotherapy programs, occupational therapy assistance, and psychological support as postsurgical unmet care needs.

Discussion

This study reports a positive impact of scoliosis surgery on respiratory function and overall satisfaction with posture and physical appearance. The observed negative impact on the other outcomes highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to improve postoperative management.
Nonlinear model order reduction using local basis methods on RVEs: A parameter study and comparison of different variants
Authors: Faust Erik , Scheunemann Lisa
Published: September 2024

All possible solutions to a static representative volume element (RVE) problem lie on a solution manifold, which is often quite low‐dimensional. Solutions of a hyperelastic 3D RVE problem, for example, are determined by the macroscopic deformation gradient, meaning that its solution manifold is only six‐dimensional. Established projection‐based model order reduction (MOR) methods such as the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), however, often require much higher‐dimensional approximation spaces to successfully capture such a nonlinear solution manifold on account of their linearity. One approach to modelling the solution manifold more closely is the local basis method by Amsallem et al.. It utilises a locally, rather than globally, linear approximation of the solution manifold. In this work, we investigate several variants of this algorithm with respect to their performance on an example RVE problem.
Return or relocation? Evolving neighbourhood attachment of work‐unit residents after gentrification‐induced displacement in Chengdu, China
Authors: Yang Qinran , Wang Zheng , Yang Linchuan
Published: September 2024

Gentrification‐induced displacement entails a process of disrupting the inhabitants' ties to their localities. This study investigates the evolving neighbourhood attachment of resettled residents after gentrification‐induced displacement in the Chinese context. Using mixed methods, it comprehensively examines the behavioural and cognitive–affective changes in neighbourhood attachment of two groups of work‐unit residents in Chengdu, China—those resettled in situ and those out‐migrated due to gentrification. The study reveals mixed changes in the multidimensional neighbourhood attachment for both groups postdisplacement. Re‐establishing this attachment hinges upon an intricate interplay between residents' adaptive behaviours and their cognitive and emotional connections with the new places. While residents who remain within the gentrified area possess potential for rebuilding neighbourhood bonds, those relocated away from the original site experience feelings of placelessness. Furthermore, the physical environment influences residents' capacity to reconstruct functional dependencies on new surroundings, while the social environment is pivotal in shaping individuals' sense of belonging and identity postdisplacement. Finally, multiscalar contextual factors at the individual, neighbourhood, and city levels are fundamental to varying postdisplacement experiences across regions and social groups. This study enhances comprehension of the intricacies and diversities in postdisplacement experiences among resettled residents across various contexts.
Combined Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of Fingerprints Detriment upon Liquid Exposure for Forensic Analysis
Authors: Menegazzo Marco , Calloni Alberto , D’Ercole Daniele , Mei Elisabetta , Yivlialin Rossella , Ciccacci Franco , Duò Lamberto , Bussetti Gianlorenzo
Published: September 2024

By employing an original experimental setup combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate opaque substrates in a liquid environment, the stability of fingerprints (latent or with synthetic residues) left for several hours in acidic water (mimicking acid rain) is studied. It is shown that, despite the general detriment of the fingerprint after a few hours, persistent residuals are found, showing good morphological stability and a characteristic Raman spectrum, which can be considered reliable proof of the presence of a fingerprint on the investigated surface. These findings demonstrate the importance of combining microscopic and spectroscopic analyses in scientific forensic investigations.