bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Livelihoods and Environmental Crimes in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Authors: Kiplagat Obadiah K. , Likaka Luchetu
Published: January 2025

This study examined the dynamics of livelihood and environmental crimes in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The study establishes that environmental degradation poses a great risk to human livelihood. The study sets the stage by examining the connection between forests and human livelihood, specifically exploring its value and relevance to human lives. Further, the study examines the dynamics of livelihood and forest crimes. Qualitative approaches, such as interviews, narratives, and document analyses, were employed. In the findings and results, the study establishes that there have been notable changes in the dynamics of the livelihoods of the residents of Elgeyo Marakwet, which disoriented their activities such as circumcision, grazing, and farming. On examining the impact of the drastic shift, it is established that the residents morphed into illegal loggers, amongst other forest crimes that have endangered their lives. The paper then proceeds to highlight competing challenges in addressing environmental crimes before recommending solutions on how to resolve challenges in environmental crimes in Kenya.
Warrior: Image and Context. On the Problem of Representation of the Image of the Military Man in the Russian Mass Media
Authors:   Saratov State Conservatory named after L.V. Sobinov, Natalia V. Tishchenko
Published: January 2025

Based on the images of military personnel that have been published in various media from the early 90s to the present, the main mechanisms of military image formation and its transformation have been identified. The article is an attempt to analyze visual sources in the context of political, economic, social and cultural changes. The visual material represents an original empirical base due to its specific technical capabilities and new ways of communication emerging in the context of the digitalization of society. These characteristics of the photo-graphs make it possible to identify several strategies for representing the image of a serviceman, formed by different social groups and elites who have different opportunities to promote and disseminate certain images. The conclusion is made about the level of effectiveness and possible negative consequences in the modern strategy of representing the image of a military man.
Fonología de las letras de Claudio
Authors: Suárez-Martínez Pedro Manuel
Published: January 2025

Casi un siglo después de la constitución del Círculo Lingüístico de Praga, en 1926, nos proponemos analizar las letras que el emperador Claudio introdujo en el alfabeto latino, por considerarlas quasi maxime necessariae. Utilizando ciertos postulados fonológicos aún vigentes de esa escuela, nuestro análisis intentará mostrar que, por diferentes razones, la necesidad de esas letras fue diversa: una de ellas parece haber sido superflua; otra, pertinente, y la otra, fonológicamente comprensible.
Las citas de Eurípides en el tratado De Monarchia de Pseudo Justino
Authors: Seoane Rodríguez Manuel Andrés
Published: January 2025

Entre las obras atribuidas a san Justino, el escritor cristiano de finales del s. II, figura un breve tratado que se titula De Monarchia. La atribución, y no la autoría, se sustenta vagamente en cuestiones de estilo y de contenido a partir del testimonio de Eusebio de Cesarea (HE IV 18.4). Este breve tratado, de claro origen judeohelenístico, está formado casi en su totalidad por una acumulación de citas de poetas griegos hilvanadas por el hilo común de su crítica a la religiosidad tradicional que subraya el reconocimiento de un Dios único y justo. En este artículo nos proponemos un análisis de las citas de Eurípides que puedan llevarnos a la conclusión del uso de antologías anteriores por parte de su autor.
Protection from Negative Psychological Effects in the Work Environment: An Occupational Health Perspective
Authors: Guobaitė Ramunė
Published: January 2025

This article relies upon international and foreign legal provisions to assess legal links between the prevention of negative psychological effects in the working environment and the protection of employees’ health. It presents the results of qualitative interviews, illustrating situations described by victims in which they have suffered damage to their health as a result of psychological effects at work, citing this damage as the main reason for terminating the employment relationship at their own request. The article also aims to assess how research findings in the fields of medicine, psychology, sociology and public health, which suggest that prolonged psychological exposure in the work environment can influence the development of relevant diseases, are reflected in legal systems and practice. The author engages with interdisciplinary research among Lithuanian law and other scholars and practitioners on the development of the legal protection of victims in Lithuania.
Effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on Broiler Growth Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics, Blood biochemistry, and Hematological Parameters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Esen Selim , Prete Andrea , Centoducati Gerardo , Lackner Maximilian , Palangi Valiollah , Tölü Cemil
Published: January 2025

In this systematic review, 79 research articles focusing on the impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) supplementation in broilers were meticulously examined, assessing growth performance, slaughter and carcass traits, and blood parameters. Out of these, 12 studies met the predefined criteria. Licorice supplementation, particularly in the absence of specific dietary constraints, signifi-cantly improved feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency in broilers. The addition of licorice influ-enced slaughter and carcass traits, increasing the dressing percentage, although results varied based on dosage and form of supplementation. Effects on abdominal fat and spleen weights were inconsistent, while liver, heart, and gizzard weights gen-erally increased. Licorice supplementation affected blood biochemistry, showing varied impacts on markers like glucose, cho-lesterol, and triglycerides. Notably, licorice exhibited potential antioxidant properties by reducing malondialdehyde levels, in-dicating decreased oxidative stress. The review highlighted diverse outcomes across growth performance, slaughter traits, car-cass parameters, and blood biochemistry due to licorice supplementation. Variability in dosage, form, and administration methods underscored the need for standardized protocols. Future research should concentrate on uncovering underlying mechanisms, expanding geographical diversity, and exploring interactions with other feed additives, especially in antibiotic-free diets. Despite its promise, further investigation is necessary to optimize licorice’s role in poultry production.
Colony-Forming and Cell Viability Assay to Assess Nanotoxicity of Maleic Acid and N-vinyl Caprolactam-Based Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Bekar Buse , Akar Burcu , Akan Handan Sevim , Can Hatice Kaplan
Published: January 2025

Organo-montmorillonite (Org-MMT) is a widely used silicate in polymer nanotechnology, enhancing the durability of nanocomposites by improving polymer strength and thermal stability. This study evaluates the anticancer effects of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-N-vinyl caprolactam) [poly(MA-alt-VCL)]-Org-MMT nanocomposites synthesized with varying clay concentrations. The cytotoxicity of Org-MMT, poly(MA-alt-VCL), and their nanocomposites were tested on HeLa (cervical carcinoma), A549 (lung cancer), and HDF (human dermal fibroblast) cells using MTT and colony formation assays. Our results indicate that cell viability is significantly inhibited in both cancer cell types with an IC50 value of 2 mg/mL especially in A549 cells, while 10 mg/mL in HDF cells. Nanocomposites significantly inhibited colony formation in both cancer cell lines, particularly in the HeLa cell line. The data indicated an inverse correlation between clay content in the copolymer complex and cell viability. The copolymer complex without clay had no negative impact on the cells. These findings suggest organo-clay nanocomposites as promising candidates for anticancer drug research.
Enhancing Marketing Personalized Shopping Recommendations in the UAE: Leveraging Logic Mining and Advanced Technologies
Authors: SHWEDEH Fanar , DABASH Amro , DABBAGH Tamadher AL , ABURAYYA Ahmad
Published: January 2025

This study investigates how personalized recommendation systems in e-commerce operate, using Social Exchange Theory as its theoretical basis. Through empirical research, we analyze the effects of improving consumer experiences, enhancing product suggestions, and building trust and satisfaction on the effectiveness of personalized recommendation systems. Our study combines practical techniques with theoretical knowledge to improve user engagement and build long-lasting brand loyalty. This research provides valuable insights for e-commerce stakeholders, suggesting that individualized recommendations might enhance consumer satisfaction in the digital marketplace.
Research on Construction Site Safety Q&A System Based on BERT
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Jianguo
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to utilize the pre-trained language model BERT from deep learning to construct A question and answer system specifically targeting safety knowledge in construction sites, thereby enhancing safety management on-site and increasing workers’ awareness of safety issues. Through extensive reading of literature related to construction site safety and the integration of practical case studies, this research compares various pre-trained language models such as word2vec, Pre-trained RNN, GPT, and BERT, analyzing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Despite the fact that word embedding methods such as word2vec have improved the effectiveness of natural language processing to some extent, their ability to understand context is limited. Pre-trained RNNs, although capable of handling sequential data, suffer from the problem of gradient disappearance when dealing with long-range dependencies. In contrast, the GPT model performs well in generative tasks; however, due to its reliance on a unidirectional language model, it falls short in understanding bidirectional contexts. Ultimately, it was determined that a method based on BERT would be most suitable for improving the model to meet the safety needs of construction sites. The system can accurately understand and respond to safety-related questions posed by workers, thereby preventing accidents and ensuring the safety of construction site personnel. This study not only explores the optimization and adjustment of the BERT model but also evaluates its performance in practical application scenarios, providing new technological means for safety education and management within the construction industry.
A single centre experience with clinical use of Neria™ Guard as mode of pain and distress management in the administration of emicizumab in children
Authors: Birkedal Maj Friberg
Published: January 2025

Background

The introduction of emicizumab as prophylactic subcutaneous (SC) administered treatment for people with haemophilia A has revolutionised its treatment and care; SC injection and the infrequent treatment intervals that can be achieved with emicizumab reduces treatment burden and interference in daily life. The efficacy and safety of emicizumab have been investigated in the Haven 1-7 trials. In contrast to the 4% of enrolled patients experiencing pain at the injection site across all seven trials, 11 out of 16 families at our treatment centre reported pain-related distress in administering emicizumab to their children, despite the application of local analgesia.

Aim

The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate whether using the Neria™ Guard infusion set, a single-use medical device for SC drug delivery that allows for slow infusion, reduced pain and distress in children receiving emicizumab.

Methods

This single-centre retrospective study included 11 paediatric patients whose families were introduced to the Neria™ Guard infusion set with the intent of reducing pain and distress. Plasma emicizumab values were tested after the introduction in relation to routine clinical check-ups in all patients. Data was collected retrospectively from patient files. According to local regulations ethical approval and consent was not necessary.

Results

Parents/caregivers had no difficulty learning how to use the system; a single demonstration was sufficient in all cases. All families reported a reduction or complete resolution of pain and distress in relation to emicizumab injection after the introduction of Neria™ Guard, and all families have continued using the device. Plasma levels of emicizumab were sustained within the target therapeutic range.

Conclusion

There is a need for more recognition of and research into the prevalence of pain and distress among children receiving treatment with emicizumab, and a need for a validated and stability tested solution to alleviate this. Neria™ Guard has proven to be effective in the reduction of pain and distress in our clinic.
Innovative strategies for minimizing hematoma risk in MRI-guided breast biopsies
Authors: Brönnimann Michael P , McMurray Matthew T , Heverhagen Johannes T , Christe Andreas , Wyss Corinne , Peters Alan A , Huber Adrian T , Dammann Florian , Obmann Verena C
Published: January 2025

Background

The study aimed to investigate the reduction of hematoma risk during MRI-guided breast biopsies by evaluating position-dependent intervention parameters and characteristics of the target lesion.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 252 percutaneous MRI-guided breast biopsies performed at a single center between January 2013 and December 2023. Two groups were built depending on the severity of relative hematoma formation (using a cut-off ≤ 7.62 cm3 or > 7.62 cm3). Potential influencing variables were assessed, such as patient demographics, interventional parameters related to anatomical landmarks, and lesion characteristics. Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test were used to calculate the statistical difference between groups of categorical, dichotomous, and continuous variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the strongest association with relative hematoma formation.

Results

The univariate analysis showed that relatively larger hematoma occurred significantly more frequently when the patients were younger (P = 0.002), the relative distances from the target lesion to the nipple (P = 0.001) as well as alongside the access path (P = 0.001) were greater and when the vacuum-assisted biopsy system was used in contrast to the Spirotome® (P = 0.035). Multivariable logistic regression analysis also showed that these were independently associated with the occurrence of relatively larger hematomas. Epinephrine in the local anesthetic, lesion location classified by specific quadrant, and pathological findings did not influence the extent of the hematoma.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance of strategic procedural planning to minimize hematoma occurrence and enhance patient safety during MRI-guided breast biopsy procedures.
Navigating the Complexities of Performance Management: A Thematic Analysis of Organizational Challenges
Authors: Brudan Adrian , Pentek Borbala , Gorski Teodora , Mihailoaie Cristina
Published: January 2025

This paper presents insights into the various challenges managers and employees encounter in implementing and using Performance Management Systems (PMS) within their organizations. The analysis draws on a decade of qualitative data collected from participants of The KPI Institute’s training programs. The primary objective of the paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of the challenges faced by professionals in the field. Data was collected qualitatively, through focus groups organized at the beginning of each training session between 2012-2022. The research employs a thematic analysis approach to categorize and interpret the data collected through focus groups. In addition to the thematic analysis, a narrative analysis provides a richer, contextual understanding of the data. Data reveals seven key themes where participants encountered challenges. The study identified the primary challenges in performance management systems as KPI selection, organizational culture, system implementation, KPI activation, measurement process standardization, learning and improvement, and employee performance management. Participants emphasized that addressing these challenges requires aligning KPIs with strategic objectives, fostering a supportive organizational culture, ensuring accurate data collection and standardization processes, and mitigating subjectivity in employee performance appraisals.
Central Bank Digital Currencies and Financial Stability: Literature Review and New Questions
Authors: Buzuriu Bogdan Cristian
Published: January 2025

The continuous development of money and payment instruments is a matter of concern for each central bank. As a response to the use of cryptocurrencies, more and more central banks intend to issue digital currencies - the so-called Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). Information Technology progress and new financial elements determine central banks’ adaptation to these new challenges. All over the world, central banks have explored the opportunity of issuing CBDC at different stages; some banks are conducting research, others are in the testing phase, and only a select few have begun distributing digital currency to the public. Against this background, our review paper aims to analyze the existing literature about central bank digital currency and contextualize it with financial stability. On the one hand, we underline the main research directions on this topic. On the other hand, we use VOSviewer software to identify the most frequent and essential keywords and the nodes between keywords characterizing the link between CBDC and financial stability. We show that CBDC issuance has complex implications for the economic and financial system. Central banks must carefully consider the design features of digital money and the potential benefits and risks of CBDC.
Cryptocurrencies Volatility: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Turgeman Avraham , Jude Octavian
Published: January 2025

Cryptocurrencies have rapidly become popular as digital assets, and as the market evolves, it is of great importance to understand their volatility and risk behavior. They present specific challenges and opportunities given that are operating within a decentralized and fast-changing ecosystem. Thus, their volatility affects risk management, investment strategies, and market stability. Cryptocurrency volatility can create both opportunities and risks. While it can provide substantial returns, it also presents challenges in terms of investment strategy, regulatory frameworks, business operations, and economic stability. As the cryptocurrency market matures, it’s likely that solutions to manage volatility will evolve, but it remains a key concern for participants in the ecosystem. In this respect, the aim of the paper is to examine the volatility behavior of the main cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin), for a recent period, i.e. from June 2018 to June 2023. Using both traditional and advanced GARCH models, the results show that these cryptocurrencies experience periods of high and low volatility, but there is no significant asymmetry effect in their responses. This suggests a balanced risk-return profile for investors. Furthermore, there is no evidence for risk premium within the sample, that is no link between risk and return. Additionally, past volatility has a greater impact on current volatility than new information, since GARCH coefficients are significantly higher than the ARCH coefficients. These insights can help investors, policymakers, and researchers to manage the cryptocurrency markets more effectively.
Manual de manejo agroecológico de la fertilidad, plagas y enfermedades en cultivos
Authors:   Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Michel Bourbon Anthony , Dehesa-Carrasco Ulises
Published: January 2025

El agua es un bien esencial y sagrado en la vida de los pueblos indígenas alrededor del mundo y es considerada como un ser vivo, un espíritu vital que nutre a la Tierra y por ende a los cuerpos y al ser humano. En la actualidad, la gestión y conservación adecuada de estos bienes enfrentan desafíos significativos debido a la creciente presión ambiental y a diferentes procesos sociales en los territorios.
Topical issues of practical application of Federal Accounting Standard (FSBU) 25/2018 – Accounting for Leases
Authors: NEELOVA Natal’ya V. , KOCHINEV Yurii Yu. , GUZIKOVA Lyudmila A. , MAKAROVA Ol’ga N.
Published: January 2025

Subject. This article discusses the lease relations regulated by Federal Accounting Standard (FSBU) 25/2018 – Accounting for Leases.
Objectives. The article aims to identify problems in the practical application of FAS (FSBU) 25/2018 and develop recommendations for their elimination based on IFRS 16 – Leases.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization.
Results. The article identifies transactions that are not regulated by FAS (FSBU) 25/2018. It clarifies the wording of the cases of classification of lease and sublease as operating ones and, based on the analysis of the presentation of lease accounting items in the financial statements, offers the authors-developed recommendations for changing the accounting of financial leases with the lessor-manufacturer.
Conclusions. Certain transactions that are not regulated by FAS (FSBU) 25/2018 should be recorded in accounting and reporting on the basis of the original source, namely IFRS 16.
Sustainable agricultural development as a factor in ensuring food security
Authors: RODIONOVA Irina A. , BORODASTOVA Ekaterina V. , TOROPOVA Viktoria V. , VASIL’EVA Ol’ga A.
Published: January 2025

Subject. The article addresses systemic problems that impede the country's food security in the face of sanctions pressure.
Objectives. The focus is on identification of patterns of sustainable development of agriculture, assessment of the industry's capabilities to counteract negative exogenous factors.
Methods. The study draws on systems analysis.
Results. The paper determines signs of agricultural stability from the standpoint of the theory of self-organizing dynamic systems. The model of sustainable development of agriculture assumes a balance of economic, social, and environmental components, but the priority is given to the economic component, which determines the efficiency of the industry.
Conclusions. Digitalization and transition from a linear model of functioning to the principles of a circular economy will contribute to increasing the sustainability of agricultural development.
CT versus MRI for Staging Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alzahrani Wael , A Alzahrani , Alnasser Hawra , Al-johani Amal , Alnajjar Jawad , Al-abbas Reem , Buholaiqh Sara , S Salem , A Alshaker , Alsabhawi Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of bladder cancer (BCa). Methods: A total of 832 pertinent publications were found after a comprehensive search across four databases. 29 full-text publications were examined after duplicates were eliminated using Rayyan QCRI and relevance was checked; eight studies finally satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Results: We included eight studies with a total of 560 BCa patients, the majority of whom were males (73.2%). MRI demonstrated superiority over CT in low and intermediate tumor stages, particularly for assessing muscle-invasive BCa, which is critical for treatment planning. CT was more reliable for staging muscle-invasive BCa and localized disease, whereas MRI excelled in staging extravesical disease. Both modalities showed comparable accuracy in lymph node staging, with MRI's soft-tissue contrast offering an advantage in detecting subtle features. Additionally, three studies found no significant differences between CT and MRI for primary tumor detection, highlighting their interchangeable use in specific contexts. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the complementary roles of CT and MRI in BCa staging, with their use depending on the disease stage and clinical context. MRI is particularly effective for intermediate and advanced stages, especially in detecting muscle-invasive BCa, while CT remains valuable for localized and muscle-invasive disease. Both modalities show comparable performance in detecting primary tumors and lymph node staging, allowing imaging strategies to be tailored to individual patient needs. Advanced imaging techniques, such as PET/CT, offer potential improvements in diagnostic accuracy, particularly for nodal staging, and can complement traditional methods. Future prospective studies with standardized imaging protocols are needed to further define the roles of CT and MRI, ensuring optimal diagnosis and patient outcomes.
Controlling the Rejection of Protein During Membrane Filtration by Adding Poly-Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP)
Authors: Waheed Hizba , Mukhtar Amir
Published: January 2025

Cellulose Acetate (CA) was blended with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to produce mixed matrix membranes. Diffusion induced phase separation technique was implemented for the synthesis of CA/PVP protein filtration membrane. The morphology, water permeation efficiencies and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection were studied to examine the influence of incorporating PVP in CA membranes. FTIR, contact angle and SEM were used to find out the surface morphology of membrane samples. SEM confirmed homogenous and significant mixing of PVP contents into pure CA matrix. Performance of blended membranes was measured in terms of water permeation and protein rejection percentage. The remarkable lessening of contact angle from 83° to 69° well illustrated the better hydrophilicity of CA/PVP membranes. All CA/PVP membranes rejected >90%. The hydrophilicity, water permeation and protein rejection % of CA membrane were improved by incorporation of 1% by weight PVP (M-1).
Audit Forensik sebagai Upaya Pemberantasan Korupsi Partai Politik : Komparisi Indonesia dan Nigeria
Authors: Sari Dini Wininta
Published: January 2025

Indonesia's political party reporting especially during the election period is not yet accountable, transparent, and leads directly to corruption. And preventive and repressive measures to detect fraudulent reporting have not been done with the maximum on a cadre of both the political and the political party themselves. Such a situation would require the government to devise a strategy for the political party's financial checkups through forensic audits as applied in several countries, including Nigeria. The study aims to examine the model against the corruption of the political party done by Nigeria through its forensic audits and compartmentalizing its application in Indonesia. The author used normative-approach juridical methods with two approaches: the statute approach and comparative approach. The study raised two major issues. First, how is the corruption of political parties that occurred in Indonesia and Nigeria during the election period? Second, how does the forensic audit in Indonesia and Nigeria help to stop the corruption of the political party? Studies have shown that political corruption in both Indonesia and Nigeria consists mainly of bribery, votes buying, and cheating in reporting on party campaigns. The forensic audit is one of the most effective efforts to prevent and treat the political party's corruption through fraud detection coupled with increased independent forensic audit team to ensure healthy political finances.
Effect of internet shutdown on postgraduate trainees in Manipur: A qualitative study
Authors: Jyothi S. , Dhali Sneha , Akoijam Brogen Singh , Devi Pangambam Amrita
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives

Internet shutdowns, although rare can be imposed by governments or affiliated entities and can intentionally disrupt online information and communication systems. While justified for maintaining public order, these shutdowns cause substantial economic losses, public suffering, and reputational damage. The internet shutdown in Manipur, initiated on May 3, 2023, due to civil unrest, has affected various sectors. The impact on doctors, amidst an era where internet access is considered as an integral part of practice, warrants deeper exploration of the challenges faced during such a prolonged shutdown period. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the impact of internet shutdown among postgraduate trainees from two tertiary care hospitals in Manipur.

Methods

A study was conducted in two tertiary healthcare centers in Manipur from July to August 2023 among medical postgraduate trainees. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Twenty-two in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was done to identify codes, categories and themes.

Results

This qualitative study was undertaken among postgraduate trainees in two different academic institutes. A total of 21 IDIs were carried out. The major themes emerged from the study, namely, impact on professional life, impact on personal life, social consequences and coping. Internet shutdown affected patient care such as seeking timely opinions from consultants, delays in sharing patient reports and inconveniences in the hand-off process and the academic performance of postgraduate trainees like unavailability of study materials or keeping up with recent advancements. On a personal level, it negatively affected communication with family and friends, mental well-being and caused inconvenience in shopping and transactions. The study also found some positive impacts, such as less screen time leading to better sleep and increased physical activities.

Interpretation & conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that the internet shutdown significantly affected both the professional and personal aspects of postgraduate trainees’ lives in Manipur. The implementation of a targeted ban on social media platforms and the establishment of designated internet access points are proposed as potential alternatives.
A case report on Pseudo Felty’s syndrome
Authors: Varghese Sheenu Sara , Govindan Jayasree M.
Published: January 2025

Pseudo-Felty’s syndrome is a rare disease entity defined by the presence of monoclonal expansion of T lymphocytes with neutropenia in association with rheumatoid arthritis. T-large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a lymphoproliferative disease with an indolent behavior. LGL leukemia arises in a setting of sustained immune stimulation, such as autoimmune disorders and chronic viral infections, where there is a clonal expansion of T-LGL (cluster of differentiation [CD]3+/CD8+) cells. In this article, we present the case of a 60-year-old gentleman with Pseudo-Felty’s syndrome who presented with LGL proliferation. He is presently stable on disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs including methotrexate.
PENGARUH BOKASHI DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PRE NURSERY PADA TANAH PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING
Authors: Wahyudi Erwin , Warganda Warganda , Asnawati Asnawati
Published: January 2025

Pembibitan adalah salah satu kegiatan agronomis penting pada proses budidaya kelapa sawit, kualitas bibit yang dihasilkan di pembibitan akan menentukan keberhasilan pada saat bibit dipindahkan ke lapangan. Pembibitan kelapa sawit dikenal dengan istilah double stage atau sistem pembibitan dua tahap. Tahap pembibitan awal (Pre nursery) berlangsung pada umur 1-3 bulan. Media tanah berperan penting sebagai tempat media tumbuhnya bibit kelapa sawit. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK guna memperkaya unsur hara yang di perlukan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman serta perbaikan struktur tanah dengan pemberian bokashi Mucuna breacteata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan dosis interaksi yang terbaik antara bokashi Mucuna bracteata dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di pre nursery pada tanah PMK. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Garu, Kecamatan Mempawah Hulu, Kabupaten Landak pada tanggal 13 Juni – 30 September 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 Faktor.  Faktor pertama bokashi Mucuna breacteata dan Faktor kedua yaitu pupuk NPK dengan masing-masing sebanyak 3 taraf perlakuan sehingga total kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 9 dan diulang 3 kali dengan setiap kombinasi perlakuan menggunakan 4 tanaman sampel. Faktor pertama yaitu bokashi Mucuna breacteata: m1 = 10 g/polybag setara dengan 10 ton/ha, m2 = 20 g/polybag setara dengan 20 ton/ha dan m3 = 30 g/polybag setara dengan 30 ton/ha. Faktor kedua yaitu pupuk NPK: n1 = 5 g/polybag, n2 = 10 g/polybag dan n3 = 15 g/polybag. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi persiapan lokasi penelitian dan pembuatan naungan, pembuatan bokashi Mucuna bracteata, persiapan media tanam, pemberian kapur dan bokashi, pemberian pupuk NPK, penanaman, dan pemeliharaan. Variabel penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, volume akar, diameter batang, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis bokashi Mucuna 30 ton/ha dan pupuk NPK 15 g/polybag merupakan dosis yang baik untuk pertumbuhan kelapa sawit di pre nursery pada tanah PMK.
Highly Entangled Hydrogels by Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Irvine Gavin , Myronidis Konstantinos , Pinto Fulvio , Kopeć Maciej
Published: January 2025

We report the synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm) hydrogels with extremely low crosslinking densities by trithiocarbonate photoiniferter-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Fixing the photoiniferter to crosslinker ratio and gradually increasing the targeted degree of polymerization (DPtarget) allowed for simultaneous control over the crosslinking density and the average molecular weight (Mn) of the primary chains, both below and above the critical molecular weight of entanglement (Mc). Interestingly, a plateau in storage moduli (G’) was observed for UHMW PDMAm hydrogels with a sufficiently high DPtarget (> 5,000), indicating a transition to the entanglement-dominated regime, with no contribution from crosslinks to the overall modulus, thus indicating the formation of highly entangled hydrogels. These hydrogels exhibit enhanced properties such as high toughness and resistance to swelling despite their vanishingly small crosslinking densities. Furthermore, even when equipped with cleavable crosslinkers, the UHMW PDMAm hydrogels resist degradation due to dense entanglements which act as transient crosslinks preventing the gels from swelling, while sparse covalent crosslinks help to maintain their structural integrity and avoid chain disentanglement. This approach allows simple synthesis of elastic and tough hydrogels with a well-defined structure and tuneable contributions from both crosslinks and entanglements.
Access to Synthetic Fold-switching Proteins Using Automated Flow Chemistry
Authors: Kjerfve Clara , Kwao Joanna , Glover Jasmine , Wood Bryson , Golden Christian , Truex Nicholas
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a robust pipeline for preparing and studying synthetic fold-switching proteins using automated flow protein synthesis. Fold-switching proteins are an expanding class of proteins that remarkably switch from one stable fold to another in response to subtle changes in the sequence or chemical environment, without populating unfolded or aggregated states. The polymorphism of these proteins permits important regulatory functions across biological processes and diseases, but also hinders their preparation and characterization using recombinant methods. To provide reliable access to fold-switching proteins, we used automated flow chemistry to establish the synthesis and to provide a robust platform for answering fundamental questions of protein folding with unnatural amino acids. The synthetic methods are demonstrated with 56-amino acid homologs of GA and GB, which were successfully synthesized and purified as sequences that are 95% and 98% identical. Biophysical studies show that the synthetic proteins adopt a folded conformation consistent with the 3-α and 4β+α conformations observed in prior studies. The success of these protein syntheses shows that automated flow chemistry continues to push the boundaries of high-fidelity protein synthesis, by enabling the preparation of polymorphic proteins that are sensitive to mutations. These synthetic proteins will be used to study noncovalent interactions at the interface of two protein folds that cannot be resolved with biosynthetic proteins.
Enantioselective Redox-Neutral Coupling of Allenylic Alcohols through Divergent Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Chakrabarty Aditya , Chatterjee Ritwika , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: January 2025

The past two decades have witnessed a magnificent growth of cooperative catalysis, where two substrates usually of complimentary polarity are activated independently by two different catalysts, before the reactive intermediates converge into the desired product. Different variants of cooperative catalysis have emerged since the inception of this concept and led to the discovery of innumerable transformations, which are difficult or impossible to achieve under a single catalyst. In this paper, we introduce the concept of divergent cooperative catalysis, which is fundamentally different from traditional modes of cooperative catalysis. Here, the reaction takes place with a single substrate, which is converted to two transient intermediates of complimentary polarity under the influence of two different catalysts. The combination of these two polarity-matched inter-mediates gives the desired product. Due to the use of a single substrate, the reactions under divergent cooperative catalysis are expected to minimize the complications associated with traditional cooperative catalysis. The proof of this concept is demonstrated by an enantioselective redox-neutral coupling of branched allenylic alcohols, cooperatively catalyzed by iridium and Lewis acid. In the Lewis acid-catalytic cycle, racemic allenylic alcohol is transformed into an alpha,beta-unsaturated enol (cross dienol) through Meyer-Schuster-type 1,3-hydroxy transposition. On the other hand, in an independent process, catalyzed by a combination of an Ir(I)/(phosphoramidite,olefin) complex and Lewis acidic Sc(OTf)3, allenylic alcohol is believed to produce an η2-Ir(I)-bound allenylic carbocation intermediate, which is intercepted by the in situ generated cross dienol. Overall, starting from stable and easily accessible branched allenylic alcohols, the process combines Lewis acid-catalyzed 1,3-hydroxy transposition with Ir-catalyzed enantioselective allenylic substitution to furnish alpha′-allenylic alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, without using preformed carbon nucleophiles, in moderate to good yields generally with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99.9:0.1 er). Detailed experimental and DFT studies helped shed light on the mechanism of the reaction, which revealed the initially formed bis-allenylic ether to be a substrate reservoir.
Exo-to-endo nitrogen transposition in saturated rings
Authors: Thach Danny , Knowles Robert
Published: January 2025

Biologically active molecules are often comprised of ring structures that precisely position functional groups to enable target-specific interactions. The iterative permutation of these structural arrangements is central to the modern drug discovery process, necessitating de novo synthesis to access isomeric compounds with distinct biological properties. However, methods to interconvert saturated ring systems remains limited. We report a general method for the peripheral-to-core nitrogen internalization of amino cycloalkanols to access N-heterocycles of various oxidation states. In this process, an excited-state iridium chromophore and weak Brønsted base cooperatively promote the endergonic redox isomerization of cyclic amino alcohols to linear amine-containing products that undergo in situ cyclization. This strategy enables the expansion, contraction, and carbon-to-nitrogen substitution of cyclic amino alcohols, providing access to structurally distinct heterocyclic scaffolds.
Oxygen Migration into Carbon–Carbon Single Bonds by Photochemical Oxidation
Authors: MacAllister Cade , Lacker Caitlin , Maciejewski Matthieu , Wessels Felix , Bates Desiree , Bagley Scott , Yoon Tehshik
Published: January 2025

The editing of organic molecules through single-atom modifications is an enabling capability for medicinal chemistry. While several examples of single-atom insertions into the carbon–carbon double bonds of unsaturated aromatic ring systems have been reported, heteroatom insertions into chemically inert carbon–carbon single bonds are comparatively rare. We report herein a photochemical strategy for formal migration of oxygen atoms into carbon–carbon single bonds. This protocol is based on the ability of copper(II) salts to induce photochemical homolytic cleavage of carbon–carbon bonds adjacent to alcohols and to mediate oxidative coupling reactions of the resulting organoradical intermediates. Application of this method to cyclic alcohol substrates results in oxygen-atom insertions into saturated carbocyclic rings, and its extension to linear alcohol substrates enables atomic permutation of hydroxymethyl functionalities into methyl ethers.
Improvement of Fourteen Coupled Global Potential Energy Surfaces of 3A′ States of O + O2
Authors: Zhao Xiaorui , Shu Yinan , Meng Qinghui , Bao Jie J. , Xu Xuefei , Truhlar Donald
Published: January 2025

We improved the potential energy surfaces for fourteen coupled 3A′ states of O3 by using parametrically managed diabatization by deep neural network (PM-DDNN) with three improvements: (1) We use a new functional form for the parametrically managed activation function, which ensures the continuity of the coordinates used in the parametric management. (2) We used higher weighting for low-lying states to achieve smoother potential energy surfaces. (3) The asymptotic behavior of the coupled potential energy surfaces was further refined by utilizing a better low-dimensional potential. As a result of these improvements, we obtained significantly smoother potentials that are better suited for dynamics calculations. For the new version of 14 coupled 3A′ surfaces, the entire set of 532,560 adiabatic energies are fit with a mean unsigned error (MUE) of 45 meV, which is only 0.7% of the mean energy in the data set, which is 6.24 eV.
Functional constipation in children and probiotics: A review
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Berezhnaya Irina V. , Churilova Viktoria D.
Published: January 2025

Functional constipation (FC) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in children. In 25 % of patients, symptoms persist into adulthood. This condition is not only a complex medical problem but is also associated with financial and economic distress. Initially, FC was considered an intestinal motility dysfunction without structural and metabolic disorders. Pathophysiological mechanisms of FC development include stress, nutritional characteristics, insufficient fluid intake, food allergy, and dysbiosis, which determines the need for complex and long-term therapy. However, only 37% of patients fully comply with the recommendations of the attending physician, which indicates low adherence to treatment. Recent studies prove that motor disorders are associated with complex mechanisms of interaction of the gut microbiota (GM) and low-grade inflammation. Probiotics are seen as a key strategy to eliminate intestinal dysfunction. The effectiveness of probiotics is based on their ability to normalize the GM composition, as well as to correct the pH of the colon, improving the GI motility and thereby reducing the FC symptoms. The researchers agree that GM is a complex biological system that plays a central role in a developing organism, being a fundamental part of bidirectional functional axes. The main role in regulating the functioning of GM is given to the interaction between microbial groups, which forms the metabolic potential. The probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG (LPDG) has a unique ability to regulate the composition of microbial GI colonization through modulation of GM metabolic activity. Studies showed the ability of LPDG to maintain colonization resistance, thereby preventing the development of epithelial permeability syndrome and an immunotropic effect, supporting the use of this probiotic as a pathogenetically based method of treating FC.
Vitamin D status in young children with chronic viral hepatitis C: A retrospective study
Authors: Pervishko Olesya V. , Tkhakushinova Nafiset H. , Slinin Aleksei S. , Zakharova Irina N.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the level of vitamin 25(OH)D in young children with chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC) of varying degrees of activity.
Materials and methods. Thirty-two young children (1 to 3 years) with chronic hepatitis C were examined from February 2017 to May 2023. Depending on the grade of increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with respect to the upper limit of normal, patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 17 children with minimal CVH activity, Group 2 included 10 patients with low activity, and Group 3 included 5 subjects with moderate activity. Laboratory tests included total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, total calcium, and vitamin 25(OH)D. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23 software (developed by IBM, USA).
Results. Children with low and moderate CVH activity had significantly higher ALT and AST values compared to patients with minimal activity of the liver inflammation (p0.001). All children had an icteric form of hepatitis. Group 2 and 3 patients had vitamin 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency. In children with minimal CVH activity, the vitamin D levels were within reference values. The differences in the vitamin 25(OH)D level in Groups 2 and 3 were statistically significant compared to patients of Group 1 (p=0.001). The linear regression analysis of the relationship between total protein and vitamin 25(OH)D showed a close direct correlation.
Conclusion. The level of vitamin 25(OH)D in young children with varying degrees of CHCV activity was reduced due to disruption of protein synthetic processes in the liver tissue.