bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Simvastatin on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Mumtaz Asma , Rafiq Shazia , Irum Hira , Khanam Fozia , Fatima Kausar , Mumtaz Javeria
Published: October 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on biochemical parameters in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Study Design: A prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan, Pakistan from March 2021 to August 2021. Material and Methods: The study was performed at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, a tertiary care center affiliated with Ibn-e-Siena Hospital & Research Institute Multan, Pakistan. We screened 236 patients with PCOS ranging in age 20-40 years between March and August 2021.. Patients with hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), Cushing syndrome (CS), ovarian tumors and on simvastatin therapy were excluded and those who were not willing to take part in this study were also excluded. All patients were given simvastatin 20 mg per day orally for 3 months. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after therapy and sent to the laboratory of the hospital for total cholesterol, total testosterone and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) level. These tests were done before and after intervention with simvastatin treatment. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 40 years with mean age of 29.41±4.44 years, mean duration of disease was 13.78±3.60 months, mean body mass index (BMI) 26.42±2.00 Kg/m2 , mean Total Cholesterol 185.37±19.11 mg/dl, mean Total Testosterone 2.41±1.39 pmol/ L and mean LDL-C was 95.94±5.63 mg/dl. The majority of patients were from 20-30 years age group (68.6%). Decreased cholesterol was seen in 16.5% patients, decreased testosterone in 18.6% patients and decreased LDL-C in 28.8% patients. Conclusion: The treatment of PCOS with simvastatin was found to be beneficial in improving several key features of PCOS including reduction in in total cholesterol, testosterone, and LDL-C levels. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, simvastatin, testosterone.
Comparison of Intravenous Versus Intra-Umbilical Oxytocin for Blood Loss and Placental Separation Time for Active Management of Third Stage of Labour
Authors: Saqib Shazia , Umer Sabeena , Khanam Saadia , Mudassir Asma Qamar , Bano Nosheen , Mubashir Hafsa
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To comparison intravenous (IV) versus intra-umbilical oxytocin for blood loss and placental separation time for active management of third stage of labour (TSL). Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was done at “The department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology”, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan from December 2021 to May 2022. A total of 100 women (50 in each group), aged 18-40 years with singleton cephalic pregnancy having active labour were randomly allocated to either Group-A (IV oxytocin) or Group-B (intra-umbilical oxytocin). Time of placental separation along with blood loss were noted in all women. Results: In a total of 100 women, mean age was 27.1±7.18 years. Mean gestational age was 38.12±1.3 weeks. Mean blood loss in Group-A (IV group) was 416.80±23.24 ml vs. 186.74±34.72 ml in Group-B (intraumbilical group), p<0.0001. Placental separation time was 4.84±1.22 minutes in Group-A versus 1.70±0.72 minutes min in Group-B (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Mean blood loss and time of placental separation were significantly less with intra-umbilical oxytocin in comparison to IV oxytocin for active management of TSL. Keywords: Blood loss, intraumbilical, intravenous, oxytocin
Comparison of Outcomes in Lateral Sphincterotomy and Anal Advancement Flap in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Tahir Hamza , Ahmad Rabia , Subhani Ali Akbar , , Jarar Muhammad , Minhas Babar , Chodhary Kamran
Published: October 2022

Aim: For the comparison of outcomes in lateral sphincterotomy and anal advancement flap in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 1st April 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred patients of age >15 years were enrolled. Patients were defined as preoperative according to the definition of chronic anal fissure. Patients were divided into two groups, 50 patients in each group. The first group underwent lateral sphincterotomy while the second group was operated through anal advanced flap procedure. The wound infection was observed on day third as a post-operative protocol. Anal incontinence was determined post 3 months of surgery by any procedure conducted. Vaizey-scoring was used for determining anal incontinence. Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.5±4.7 years in lateral sphincterotomy group while it was 38.9±5.1 year in anal advanced flap. The highest number of cases was reported between the age group of 15-35 years within both operative procedures. The fissure healing was observed in 88% of lateral sphincterotomy group which lower than the observed values of 96% in anal advanced flap group. The follow up data also showed an increased case of infection and anal incontinence in lateral sphincterotomy group when compared with anal advanced flap cases. Conclusion: Anal advancement flap surgical method is considerably a better treatment method for the treatment of anal fissures. Key words: Pharmacological interventions, Anal fissures, Constipation, Chronic, Sphincterotomy
Frequency of Cesarean Section in Patients with Previous One Scar
Authors: Asghar Asia , Habib Sadia , Naeem Nimra , Hussain Hadia , Nawaz Sundus , Zafar Majida
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of cesarean section in patients with previous one scar. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ATH, Abbottabad from 1st June 2020 to 30th November 2020. Methodology: One hundred and thirty pregnant women with previous one scar were included in the study. All participants were managed as per department protocol and frequency of cesarean section was noted. Results: The age range was from 18 to 35 years with mean age of 29.361±1.95 years, mean gestational age 38.592±1.26 weeks, mean parity 1.923±0.91 and mean weight was 70.776±4.20 kg. Cesarean section was seen in 25.4% patients. Conclusion: Prior scar women are at higher risk of caesarean section unless the type of delivery method. Keywords: Pregnancy, Previous one scar, Cesarean section
Assessment of Root Anatomy and Variations of Third Mandibular Molars in the Population of Peshawar using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Amir Asma , Qureshi Imran , Humayun Ambereen , Khan Farooq , Khattak Imran , Khattak Yusra Jamil
Published: October 2022

Background: Third molars have root canal structure that is frequently incredibly complicated and highly varied. Greater heterogeneity in root patterns and canal shape has been linked to mandibular third molars. Aim: To assess the root and canal anatomy of mandibular third molar in the people of Peshawar using cone beam computed tomography. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Khyber College of Dentistry and Rehman College of Dentistry, from 1st December 2020 to 31st January 2022. Methodology: One hundred and ninety five CBCT scans of third mandibular molars were examined and the data in regards to their root number, canal number, Vertucci’s classification, gender and age relation of morphology in mandibular third molars was statistically assessed. Results: Greater number of 3rdmandibular molars had two roots (89.7%) and two canals (67.7%). Most mesial roots had Vertucci Type I (61%), distal root had type I canals as well (92.8%) Conclusion: The current study concluded that mandibular third molars showed great variation in Root canal configuration. Majority had two roots and two canals per root. Keywords: Canal configuration, Vertucci’s classification, Mandibular third molars, Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Comparison of Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy with Nalbuphine versus Fentanyl in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: . Kainat , . Mahendar , Kumar Udesh , Kumar Gotam , Anwar Maham , Khan Mehreen
Published: October 2022

Aim: To compare the hemodynamic response in laryngoscopy with fentanyl versus nalbuphine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain management, Dow University of Health and Science, Dr. Ruth K.M. PFAU, Civil Hospital Karachi from 17th July 2020 to 16th January 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients between the age of 20-60 years of both genders falling under ASA Class-I and II undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis which were randomly allocated into two treatment groups. Patients in Group A received fentanyl while Group B was given nalbuphine before endotracheal intubation. Outcome variables were mean heart rate and mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure measured 15 minutes after intubation. Results: The mean age was 41.7±11.9 years. There were 21 (35.0%) male and 39 (65.0%) female patients. Mean body mass index was 25.5±2.6 kg/m2. Thirty five (58.3%) patients belonged to ASA Class-I while 25 (41.7%) patients belonged to ASA class-II. There was no statistically significant difference between fentanyl and nalbuphine in terms of mean heart rate 15 minutes after intubation (87.37±3.30vs. 86.33±4.23 bpm; p-value=0.296). However, the mean diastolic (73.23±3.77 vs 81.40±4.79 mmHg; p<0.001) and systolic (117.30±4.21 vs 121.53±4.75 mmHg) hypotension was observed in fentanyl group as compared to nalbuphine group. Conclusion: Intravenous fentanyl infusion significantly attenuated the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation in terms of significantly lower mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure as compared to conventional practice of nalbuphine which is desirable in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Keywords: Endotracheal intubation, Hemodynamic response, Fentanyl, Nalbuphine
Frequency of Parasymphysis Fracture in Mandibular Fractures Due to Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Noor Marjan , Hassan Raheel , Bukhari Abid Hussain , Hilal Rashida
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Study Type: Cross-sectional study Duration and Place of Study: Department of OMF Surgery Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st December 2019 to 30thMay 2020 Methodology: One hundred and forty eight patients were shifted to the Radiology Department for X-rays of mandible . Fractures of mandible especially fracture of parasymphysis were seen. Results: The mean age was 47.46±21.25 years. Fractured parasymphysis was found in 75 (82%) male patients and female patients were 14% (8/57). Conclusions: The gender was found to be significantly associated with the outcome i.e. parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. The age, number of fractures and type of fractures were not found to be significantly associated with the outcome i.e. parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Keywords: Parasymphysis fracture, Mandibular fractures, Facial injury
Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Patients Admitted in Medical ICU with Pneumonia
Authors: Yasmin Rifat , Ghazal Lubna , Fatima Abidi Syeda Turab , Kazmi Tazaeen Hina , Hussain Huma , Azam Muhammad Fareed
Published: October 2022

Background: Patients in ICU presenting with severe disease suffer from multidrug-resistant bacteria, resuting in reduced therapeutic options which cover ICU pathogens spectrum. Identification of causative organism and its antibiotics sensitivity pattern has become cornerstone for antibiotic selection. β-Lactams i.e. cephalosporins, carbapenems, penicillins, and monobactams constitute 60% of total antibacterials used, however; with high usage of such antibiotics the emergence of resistance. Aim: To determine prevalence of local type of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Medical ICU, Pakistan Ordinance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt from 1st January 2020 till 31st July 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients were enrolled. Samples were taken from blood, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal secretions of the patient and sent to microbiologist for culture and sensitivity reports. Results: The mean age was 57.52+13.427 years, 47 females and 53 male patients. 72 patients were shifted out and remaining 28 died. In 57 patients, sputum specimen was taken, blood specimen of 24 patients, tracheal secretion of 8 patients and 11 patients bronchoalveolar lavage was taken. 33 were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 29 patients were positive for acinetobacter baumanii. Pseudomonas aeuriginosa was positive in 18 patients, 05 patients for E. coli. In gram positive category; 05 patients were positive for staph aureus, 06 patients for MRCONS, 3 to MRSA and 1 patient for coagulase negative staphylococcus species. Conclusion: The high levels of antibiotic resistance are seen among both gram negative and gram positive isolates. Presence of elevated resistance to multiple drugs is an indicator for high prevalence of multi-drug resistant gram positive as well as gram negative organisms, so proper identification of organism in order to ascertain administration of emperical drugs most effective against the isolated organism is recommended in severe cases. Keywords: Antibiogram, Bacterial isolate, Pneumonia, Sensitivity
Comparison between the Effects of Combination of Atropine plus Glycopyrrolate with Atropine alone on Heart Rate for the Reversal of Muscle Relaxant after General Anesthesia
Authors: Saadat Ali Muhammad , Fareed Zainab , Mir Muhammad Azeem , Jamil Maria
Published: October 2022

Background: A muscle relaxant is an integral component of general anesthesia. Anticholinesterase drugs employed as their antagonist are associated with certain untoward effects. To counter these undesirable effects, anticholinergic agents, atropine, and glycopyrrolate are often used. Objectives: To compare and quantify the mean change in heart rate in patients receiving atropine (0.5 mg) alone, glycopyrrolate (0.5 mg) alone, and atropine (0.25 mg) plus glycopyrrolate (0.25 mg) after muscle relaxant reversal with neostigmine. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology and General Surgery Operation Theatre, Nishtar Medical University Multan from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Ninety patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria undergoing elective cholecystectomy or ventral hernia repair under general anesthesia were included in this study. Group A (n= 30) received Atropine 0.5mg IV, Group G (n=30) received Glycopyrrolate 0.5mg IV while Group A+G (n=30) received atropine 0.25mg plus glycopyrrolate 0.25mg. Data regarding patients’ age, gender, ASA status, type of procedure and operation time, detailed clinical history, and laboratory investigations were taken for all patients. Heart rate of patients before muscle relaxant reversal and after 3 minutes of reversal was noted and heart rate change was calculated. Results: Mean change in heart rate in group A+G was 9.06±3.55 beats/min, 18.53±9.61 beats/min in group A and 17.26±6.20 beats/min in group G. This difference was statistically significant with a p-value <0.0001. Conclusion: Atropine and glycopyrrolate combination is more effective than atropine or glycopyrrolate alone in preventing the heart rate variability associated with reversal of neuromuscular blockers using neostigmine. Keywords: tropine, Glycopyrrolate, Heart rate.
Antibiotics Versus Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Ali Muhammad Tahir , Azhar Muhammad , Memon Munawer Latif , Asif Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of antibiotic treatment versus appendectomy in treatment of acute appendicitis. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Shahida Islam Medical Complex, Lodhran from 1st January 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred patients of age >18 years were enrolled after the complete assessment and confirmation of acute appendicitis. The clinical confirmation included the complete assessment of signs and symptoms of patients through Modified Charlson Index and Alvardo score. Patients were further divided into two groups with each group having 50 patients and matched for their clinical symptoms and duration. Group A had those patients who were only given antibiotics for the treatment of their acute appendicitis while Group B had those patients which were planned for appendectomy. A course of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid or fluoroquinolone was given for 7 to 10 days and the metronidazole/tinidazole was added in 60% of the cases. Patient’s data was recorded on well structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age was 37.5±11.2 years in group A and 38.1±10.9 years in group B. There were higher numbers of males in both groups. The average incidence of complications like perforation as well as peritonitis and surgical wound infection were significantly less in appendectomy patients and was reported as 17, 12 and 1% respectively. The long-term outcomes of antibiotic treatment plan for acute appendicitis showed requirement of appendectomy in 26% cases in group. Conclusion:Antibiotic treatment can be used effectively for acute appendicitis in selected patients with careful follow up/ monitoring for complications and as an interim treatment option for patient’s not opting for surgery or cannot undergo surgery, however appendectomy remains the most appropriate treatment for acute appendicitis overall. Keywords:Acute appendicitis, Antibiotics, Appendectomy, Efficacy
Investigation of Environmental Risk Perception and Environmental Attitudes of University Students
Authors: DEĞERLİ Mert Alperen , SUNAL Nihal
Published: October 2022

Aim: It was conducted to investigate the level of knowledge and environmental attitudes of students at Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Health Sciences against the problems caused by environmental pollution and the risks that cause environmental pollution. Materials and Methods: At Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Health Sciences, 1586 students who participated in the survey; “Environmental Attitude Scale”, “Environmental Risk Perception Scale” and "Student Individual Characteristics Information Form" questionnaires were applied. The analyzes of the data obtained from the questionnaires were carried out using statistical informatics programs. Results: In the study group, it was determined that the Environmental Risk Perception Scale score was at a good level with an average of 5.45 ±1.05 points (Max.7). From the options on the scale; "Radiation; the spread of radioactive materials from nuclear energy production" received the highest score with an average of 5,892 points. The Environmental Attitude Scale score was found to be moderate with a mean score of 3.71±0.55 (Max.5). From the options on the scale; “The depletion of the ozone layer threatens all people” received the highest score with an average of 4.24 points. Conclusion: The results of the research group; It has been shown that there is a positive relationship between students' environmental attitude scores and environmental risk perception levels, but there is no strong correlation between them. Well; It has been determined that "they could not show their sensitivity to take action against the dangers they perceive as an environmental risk as an attitude". Solution: More intensive education programs on Health-Environment issues should be organized at all levels of education levels and especially at universities. In order to increase awareness about the risks that cause environmental pollution; It should be ensured that environmental risk perception and attitude are increased by encouraging students to organize activities in social environment clubs and to become members of active environmental organizations.
Kerpiç Malzemenin Anadoluda Geleneksel Yapılarda Kullanımı
Authors: Yalçın Çağrı , Kavut Ismail Emre , Bingöl Kadir
Published: October 2022

İnsanoğlunun tarihi kendine özgü bir şekilde kendini gösterebilecek ve insanoğlunun yeni günlerine dönüşecek. İçerisinde bulunduğu çevrenin zararlarından korunmak için ortaya çıkan barmadan kendisinden biridir. Avcı toplayıcı insan barınma ağaçkovuklarına ve mağaralara ilk iyi gidermiştir. Neolitik olarak tasarlanabilecek araçlarla tasarlanabilecek hayata döndürülebilir, yaşanabilir olanlarla tasarlanabilir ve silindirlerden kaba öğütülmüş tarım makineleriyle tasarlanabilir evler içinde. Evlerin inşasında çevrede kolay ulaşılabilen taşlar, aynı şekilde kullanılmış olanlardan yararlanılabilirpiçlerden bunlardan yararlanmışlardır. Yapı malzemesi olarak kullanılan bu çevrede kolay ve bol miktarda kullanılır. Anadolu'da da bol olduğu, İklimin görünümünde inşa edilecek yapılarda ağaç kullanımı kullanımtayken; istikametten görünüş taş malzeme; taş ve içeriğinde kullanılan karasal iklimin adından Anadolu temelli bir malzeme olan kerpiç kullanıldı. Kerpicin neolitik çağa (M.Ö. 9000) kadar. Bugün Anadolu'da yaygın olarak kullanılan kerpicin biçimiyle genel olarak kabul edilemez. Geçmişi çok eski olmayan ve kullanımlarda oluşturulur. taş ve içeriğinde kullanılan karasal iklimin adından Anadolu temelli bir malzeme olan kerpiç kullanıldı. Kerpicin neolitik çağa (M.Ö. 9000) kadar. Bugün Anadolu'da yaygın olarak kullanılan kerpicin biçimiyle genel olarak kabul edilemez. Geçmişi çok eski olmayan ve kullanımlarda oluşturulur. taş ve içeriğinde kullanılan karasal iklimin adından Anadolu temelli bir malzeme olan kerpiç kullanıldı. Kerpicin neolitik çağa (M.Ö. 9000) kadar. Bugün Anadolu'da yaygın olarak kullanılan kerpicin biçimiyle genel olarak kabul edilemez. Geçmişi çok eski olmayan ve kullanımlarda oluşturulur.
Prevalence of psychiatric morbidities in two tertiary health institutions North west Nigeria
Authors: Bakare Habeebah Toluwalase , Jimoh AbdulGafar Olayiwola , Bakare Abdulfatai Tomori
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Mental illnesses constitute a significant fraction of the global burden of diseases. Currently evaluated at 11.5% and an expected burden of 15% by 2020, it accounts for 40% of the leading health conditions contributing to the disability adjusted life years (DALYS). Worldwide, 340 million people suffer from mental illnesses, the majority living in the developing world. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of psychiatric disorders in the psychiatric outpatient department of two tertiary health institutions in Nigeria.

Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All patients attending the psychiatric outpatient clinic of the two hospitals from January to June 2014, diagnosed with psychiatric disorders according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) were included in the study. The sample size was determined using single population proportion formula and 250 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling. Data was collected manually through proformas and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Result: The prevalent age group of persons with psychiatric disorders from this study was 21-30 years constituting 35.1% of respondents at FNPHK and 36% at UDUTH. In the rural hospital 57.3% of respondents diagnosed with psychiatric disorders were men while in the urban hospital 64% were women. Depression (38% and 25.5%) was the prevalent diagnosis. The leading primary psychiatric diagnosis in both institutions was comparable - depression, generalized seizure and schizophrenia.

Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and schizophrenia is well documented in this study. The educational and geographic distribution of respondents suggests that high socio-economic status does not translate into less predisposal to psychiatric disorders. Policy makers and concerned government officials should enact and enforce laws that will help minimize associated social problems.
Heterocyclic compounds-based liquid crystals
Authors: Hussain Nadia Baqir , Karam Nisreen Hussein
Published: October 2022

A series of liquid crystals comprising a heterocyclics dihydro pyrrole and 1,2,3-triazole rings [VII]-[X]  were synthesized by many steps starting from a reaction of 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine with chloroacetyl chloride in a mixture of solutions DMF and TEA to synthesise the compounds [I], then the compounds [I] reacted with malononitrile in 1,4-dioxane and TEA solutions to produce compounds [II], then the first step is repeated with compound [II] where it reacted with chloroacetyl chloride in mixture of DMF and TEA to give compound [III], this compound reacted with sodium azide in the presence of sodium chloride and DMF as solvent to produce the compound [IV], which reacted with acrylic acid by a 1.3 dipolar reaction in solvent THF to give compound [V], this compound which reacted with thionyl chloride to gave carbonyl chlorides compound [VI], finally the last compound reacted with a variety of amines to product compounds [VII]a-d. The structures of the synthesized compounds were actually determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR, The properties of liquid crystalline were characterized by hot stage Polarising Optical Microscope POM. The synthesized molecules exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystal phases, and the compounds [VII]a-d exhibited an enantiotropic nematic phase only.liquid crystal
Pronóstico de los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad debido a trastornos depresivos en población salvadoreña
Authors: Mena Fernando José , Rodríguez Posadas Luis
Published: October 2022

La depresión es la principal causa de discapacidad a nivel mundial y tiene alta prevalencia nacional, especialmente en población femenina. Además, se asocia a un mayor riesgo de suicidio y una menor calidad de vida. Los Años de Vida Ajustados por  Discapacidad (AVAD) son un indicador sintético que cuantifica el impacto de las enfermedades, tanto por la discapacidad generada como por la muerte prematura asociada, lo que puede ser útil para medir el impacto de este trastorno. El objetivo de esta investigación es pronosticar los AVAD debido a trastornos depresivos en población salvadoreña hasta el año 2024. La investigación cuenta con un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental y longitudinal. Se utilizaron los datos del estudio Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors sobre los trastornos depresivos desde el año 1990 a 2019 en el país y se pronosticó hasta el año 2024 utilizando el método de suavizamiento exponencial doble de Brown. La serie de tiempo describe un marcado aumento de los AVAD debido a trastornos depresivos desde el año 2003 y el pronóstico estima que esta tendencia se mantendrá. Los modelos por sexos indican una prevalencia mayor en población femenina y ambos modelos pronostican un aumento de los AVAD, más pronunciado en población masculina. Los resultados evidencian el gran peso discapacitante de los trastornos depresivos en la población y expone la clara diferencia de su impacto por sexos. Estos pronósticos pueden agravarse por el impacto del contexto de pandemia. También evidencian la necesidad de realizar investigaciones similares sobre otros trastornos mentales.
De la auto-comunicación de Dios a la identidad martirial del cristiano. El martirio en El Salvador.
Authors: Lara Palma Ramón Obdulio
Published: October 2022

Dios habla y tiene un lenguaje para comunicarse. Al comunicarse se auto dona en una dinámica de autocomunicación absoluta. Al auto comunicarse, Dios hace que el hombre se convierta también en don para los demás ¿Cómo entender esa ontología del don y esa existencia martirial? ¿Es posible hablar de una identidad martirial o de una existencia martirial como característica fundamental del ser humano? ¿Cómo comprender la experiencia martirial salvadoreña? Estas son las preguntas que problematizan este breve ensayo. Las respuestas que se intentan ofrecer nos dejan abiertas a su vez otras perspectivas para seguir profundizando.
A MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION STUDY OF B-MESONS DECAY INTO K
Authors: Khan M.H.R.
Published: October 2022

The CP violation (violation of matter-antimatter symmetry) was observed only as a small effect in the decay of the neutral K meson in 1964.  In order to study the long-standing puzzle about the origin of the CP violation, the KEK B-factory has been constructed at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. Using the KEK B-factory and the BELLE detector, an experimental study of the production and decay of the B meson will be carried out by the BELLE collaboration to search for the CP violation.  We made a Monte-Carlo simulation study of the charmless hadronic decays of the B mesons into wK using the BELLE Fast Simulator (FSIM). Through this study the sensitivity of the BELLE experiment to the measurement of the direct CP violation and its branching ratio has been estimated.
A Further Look at Italian
Authors: De’Ath Leslie
Published: October 2022

The relationship between the Italian letter  and its sound pattern in the language is unlike any other letter. This article focuses closely on that relationship, demonstrating how it is realized in all contexts, and in what manners it is unique, relative to other consonant letters.
Қазақ әдебиетіндегі эпистолярлық жанр тарихы
Authors: Қалижарова Ж.Т.
Published: October 2022

Аңдатпа. Мақалада қазақ әдебиетіне баса назар аудара отырып, көркем әдебиеттегі эпистолярлық жанрдың генезисі, қалыптасуы мен дамуы қарастырылады. Әлемдік әдебиеттану мен қазақ әдебиеттану ғылымындағы эпистолярлық жанр және оның көркем шығармаларда қолданылу мәселелері қарастырылған зерттеу еңбектеріне шолу жасалады. Әдебиеттану ғылымында аз зерттелген тақырып ретінде эпистолярлық әдебиеттің генезисі мен даму үдерісі жан-жақты талданады. Әртүрлі тарихи дәуірлердегі хаттардың өзіндік ерекшеліктері бақыланады. Эпистолярлық жанрдың көркем мәтін аясындағы қолданылу ерекшеліктері мен қызметтерін талдау арқылы олардың қызметтік қырлары анықталады. 

Эпистолярлық жанр – әдеби шығарма жанрларының бірі. Шын мәнінде бұл адресатқа белгілі бір ақпарат туралы хабарлайтын хат түрінде орындалатын мәтін. Бұл жанр адресатқа бағытталған өте ерекше сөйлеу мәнерімен дараланады. Кейбір жағдайларда адресат жалған болуы мүмкін, бірақ ол әрқашан болады. Эпистолярлық жанрдағы шығармаларды әртүрлі күнделіктерден, мемуарлар мен жазбалардан ерекшелендіретін – адресаттың болуы. Адресат бір, екі адам немесе қауым болуы мүмкін.  Көркем әдебиетте бұл жанрды қолдану авторға кейіпкерлердің ең эмоционалды және қызықты бастан кешкендерін жеткізуге, кейіпкерлерін шынайы ашуға және оқырманмен сенімді қарым-қатынас орнатуға мүмкіндік береді.

Эпистолярлық әдебиеттің ең алғашқы үлгілері Еуропада пайда болды. Бұл жанрда әсіресе француздар табысты болды. Олардың стилі шынайылығымен және өте қарапайымдылығымен ерекшеленді. Қарастырылып отырған жанр антикалық дәуірде пайда болған. Бастапқыда оның көркем әдебиетке еш қатысы жоқ, маңызды ақпаратпен қарапайым алмасу жолы есебінде қолданылды. Уақыт өте келе жанрдың мүмкіндіктері көбейіп, онда публицистика мен дидактиканың элементтері барған сайын айқын көріне бастады. Дәл осы ерекшеліктер ежелгі эпистолографияның ең көне үлгілерінде – Платон мен Аристотельдің хаттарында көрінеді. Оларда мораль мен мемлекеттік басқару әдістері туралы құнды философиялық ойлар қамтылды. Көркем әдебиеттегі эпистолярлық роман, эпистолярлық повесть, хат өлеңдер сынды жанрлардың пайда болауына күнделікті тұрмыстық хаттар себеп болды.

Эпистолярлық жанр, әсіресе ХІХ ғасыр шығармаларына тән болды. Бұл кезеңде хаттар тек ақпаратты беру құралы ғана емес, сонымен қатар, кейіпкерлерді сипаттау тәсілі ретінде де қызмет етті. Тек хаттарда ғана олардың асқақ ойлары мен талпыныстары айтылып, кейіпкерлер шынайы сипатталады.

Ұсынылып отырған зерттеуде эпистолярлық жанрдың қазақ әдебиетінде көрініс табуы мен қолданылу ерекшеліктері, даму эволюциясы кезең-кезеңмен сараланады. Қазақ әдебиеттану ғылымындағы зерттелу деңгейі қарастырылады.

Түйін сөздер: хат, эпистолярлық жанр, эпистолярлық стиль, эпистолярлық роман, хат өлеңдер, жазба айтыс.
Paraganglioma pancreático, un diagnóstico diferencial de masa pancreática. Presentación de caso
Authors: Laguna Kirof Manuela Lucia , Larrañaga Victor Nebil , De Vedia Maria , Roccatagliatta Nicolas , Vallejos Javier
Published: October 2022

El paraganglioma es una neoplasia poco frecuente que surge de las células cromafines del sistema nervioso autónomo. Su localización en el páncreas es aún más rara, con una muy baja tasa de malignidad. Dada la escasa cantidad de casos documentados hasta el momento, se conocen pocas características radiológicas de los mismos y suelen ser hallazgos incidentales en estudios de rutina. La gran mayoría de los paragangliomas pancreáticos no secretan catecolaminas y son denominados “no funcionantes”, aunque pueden provocar síntomas como dolor abdominal o ser asintomáticos. Hasta donde conocemos, hay solo dos casos de paragangliomas secretores de catecolaminas o “funcionantes” documentado, con cefalea, hipertensión arterial y palpitaciones como forma de presentación. Los paragangliomas pancreáticos descritos hasta el momento se presentaron en diferentes localizaciones del páncreas, incluidos el cuerpo, la cabeza y la cola. El riesgo de transformación maligna de los mismos hace que la resección quirúrgica sea el tratamiento de elección. La cirugía agresiva y el seguimiento posoperatorio estrecho son obligatorios para lograr una supervivencia libre de enfermedad. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de una paciente de 83 años de edad con diagnóstico de paraganglioma no funcionante confirmado mediante anatomía patológica, localizado en la porción cefálica del páncreas. También se hizo la revisión de literatura pertinente.
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Vesícula multiseptada, causa de dolor abdominal crónico
Authors: Ojeda Olmedo Gissel Jacqueline , Nebil Larrañaga Víctor , Rodríguez Díaz Lady Diana , Paba Mariangela , Salamida Alejandra , Vallejos Javier
Published: October 2022

Las malformaciones congénitas de la vesícula son variadas y algunas de ellas muy raras, como es el caso de la vesícula tabicada. Esta no es una patología frecuente, generalmente es un hallazgo imagenológico incidental en pacientes con dolor abdominal crónico, la mayoría de ellos adultos mayores, por lo que es importante conocerla y reconocerla. Se puede diagnosticar con todos los métodos de imagen, desde la ecografía hasta la resonancia magnética, por lo cual cobra importancia para los profesionales de esta rama tener conocimiento claro de sus manifestaciones.
Obstrucción intestinal por íleo biliar. Presentación de caso
Authors: Higuera Escalante Eduardo , Puerta Navarro Julián Andrés , Theran Leon Juan Sebastian , Esteban Badillo Laura Yibeth , Villalobos Ariza Mayra Alejandra
Published: October 2022

El íleo biliar es una causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal mecánica que afecta a los adultos mayores, predominantemente a las mujeres. En la mayoría de los casos es causada por la impactación de un cálculo biliar en el intestino a través de una fístula bilioentérica y clínicamente se caracteriza por dolor abdominal y emesis aguda o subaguda. Se requiere una evaluación con imágenes abdominales para confirmar el diagnóstico, determinar la ubicación del cálculo ectópico y el tamaño del mismo. Entre las modalidades de imagen disponibles, la tomografía de abdomen es el estándar de oro; sin embargo, cuando no está disponible se puede utilizar una radiografía de abdomen simple. Su manejo es principalmente quirúrgico. Este caso es de importancia por la rareza de su presentación al ser en un hombre, con un cálculo relativamente pequeño; adicionalmente, por la relevancia que tienen las imágenes de abdomen en el diagnóstico de esta patología.
The Effects of Anthocyanins in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pietro Luciana
Published: October 2022

The present study aimed to review studies on anthocyanin consumption and its benefits in three of the parameters of the metabolic syndrome, namely total cholesterol, insulin resistance and blood pressure control. The articles were selected from the SCIELO, PubMed and Science Direct databases. The descriptors that were used in English are anthocyanin, metabolic syndrome, benefits, treatment and based on these descriptors, the following word combinations were investigated: benefits of anthocyanins in metabolic syndrime, treatment of metabolic syndrome with anthocyanins. Selected 9 studies found within the parameters sought, results were obtained in 8 articles demonstrating that anthocyanins can help reduce total cholesterol, 5 proving that beneficial actions occur in decreasing insulin resistance and 6 articles emphasized that ANTs can have effects positive regarding the decrease in blood pressure. It is common to find individuals with at least 1 of the parameters of the metabolic syndrome, the articles found show that it is possible to control and improve some of these parameters through the consumption of antioxidants such as ANTs, however there is a lack of studies relating the benefit of consumption of these antioxidants in these factors of aggravating risk for future cardiovascular problems.
Penguatan Citra Telur Asap Khas Desa Bambang Melalui Penyuluhan Citra Merek (Brand Image) dan Desain Kemasan
Authors: Faria Niswatun , Miftahurrohmah Brina , Murti Izzati Winda
Published: October 2022

Sebagian masyarakat desa Bambang Kecamatan Turi Kabupaten Lamongan merupakan pelaku UMKM dengan memproduksi telur asin dan asap kemudian menjual produk tersebut di lingkungan desa sekitar. Pelaku UMKM di Desa tersebut berharap dapat meningkatkan penjualan produk dan memperluas pasar. Salah satu kunci penting dalam dunia usaha adalah membangun citra merek (brand image) produk agar produk mampu bersaing dan bertahan di tengah persaingan bisnis yang semakin panas. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pelaku UMKM di Desa Bambang adalah kurangnya pengetahuan terkait pentingnya merek sebagai identitas, desain kemasan produk dan pemasaran secara daring. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan potensi telur asin dan asap sebagai oleh-oleh khas desa Bambang melalui penyuluhan dan pendampingan tentang pentingnya citra merek dan bagaimana cara memasarkan produk secara daring. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang disebarkan setelah kegiatan, didapatkan bahwa masyarakat semakin memahami merek dan bagaimana cara mendapatkan merek serta perlunya kemasan yang baik untuk dapat menarik minat pelanggan.
Penguatan Pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia Luluan Universitas Terbuka Jayapura Melalui Seminar Revolusi Mental
Authors: Mujadi Mujadi , Muhammad Rivaldhy N. , Suratni Suratni , Tammubua Milcha H. , Betaubun Restu Monika Nia , Wulandari Lestari , Qomarrullah Rif'iy
Published: October 2022

Sumber daya manusia (SDM) merupakan perwujudan dari modal dasar pembangunan, namun dalam implementasinya tidak terlepas dari berbagai persoalan yakni masih adanya sifat egosentris dan mentalitas manusia yang belum sesui kaidah baik norma hukum, agama maupun sosial. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan sebuah paradigma berpkir baru yang dikenal dengan revolusi mental. Tujuan yang dicapai melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (Abdimas) ini yakni sebagai upaya untuk membantu perkembangan jiwa peserta didik baik lahir maupun batin, dari sifat kodratinya menuju ke arah peradaban yang manusiawi dan lebih baik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini menggunakan teknik sosialisasi dalam bentuk seminar dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan tanya jawab. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan rumus persentase kualitatif untuk menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasn kegiatan sosialisasi yang telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan lembar formative class evaluation menunjukkan: aspek hasil dengan skor 2,84, aspek kemauan dengan skor 2,79, aspek metode dengan skor 2,35, aspek kerjasama dengan skor 2,60, sedangkan skor rata-rata yakni 2,67. Secara keseluruhan persentase data jawaban “ya” (menerima) sebesar 85,33%. Oleh sebab itu kegiatan Abdimas ini dapat dikatakan berhasil, mendapat antusias positif partisipan, dan memberikan manfaat.
Penerapan Standar Instalasi Listrik untuk Mencegah Kebakaran Pondok Pesantren Al Mujaddadiyah Kota Madiun
Authors: Prasetyo Yuli , Triyono Budi , Winarno Basuki , Haryo Raden Jasa Kusumo , Habsari Kumala Mahda , Reza Ade
Published: October 2022

Konsleting listrik atau hubung singkat menjadi penyebab utama dalam kebakaran rumah atau bangunan. Salah satu yang rawan terjadi kebakaran adalah bangunan pondok pesantren. Belum adanya pengetahuan tentang standar instalasi listrik yang baik dan benar yang dipahami oleh para santri dan pengasuh pondok menyebabkan kebakaran pondok ini rawan terjadi. Penggunaan kabel listrik yang sudah rusak atau penggunaan kabel listrik yang ukurannya terlalu kecil sebagai salah satu penyebab kebakaran. Agar tidak terjadi kebakaran pondok maka diperlukan penerapan standar instalasi listrik yang baik dan benar. Penerapan standar instalasi listrik yang baik dan benar diterapkan pada instalasi listrik bangunan gazebo di pondok pesantren Al Mujaddadiyyah. Para santri dan pengelola pondok dapat memahami cara menggunakan instalasi listrik yang benar. Penerapan standar instalasi listrik ini dapat meminimalisir kebakaran di pondok pesantren dengan cara penggunaan peralatan listrik yang sesuai standar dan pemberian wawasan tentang instalasi listrik kepada para santri dan pengelola pondok.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan “Bioentrepreneur” pada SMA Lappesa 2 Cililin
Authors: Ahmad Deni Nasiir , Setyowati Luluk , Andayanti Westri , Harie Subhan
Published: October 2022

Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah memberikan pelatihan agar para peserta didik dapat mandiri dalam bekerja dan mewujudkan enterpreuner muda. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu: a. Observasi langsung yakni pengabdi langsung datang ke lokasi pengabdian untuk memperolah data. b. Melakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan melakukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan kepada mitra pengabdian masyarakat. c. Melakukan evaluasi dan shering bersama untuk menemukan kesepakatan bersama dalam melakukan perbaikan lingkungan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdiana kepada masyarakat adalah sebagai berikut: kegiatan dilakukan secara hybrid dimana tim terbagi atas 2 yaitu ada yang langsung ke lokasi sebagai pelatih dan secara online. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan materi wirausaha dan mewujudkan entrepreneur muda dimana peserta didik dilatih dalam mengelola dan memasarkan produk. Kesimpulan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah: a. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat kepada mitra pengabdi, tim pengabdi memperoleh banyak masukan dari peserta mengenai pemberdayaan masyarakat khususnya dalam mencetak generasi enterpreuner muda. b. Peserta pelatihan sangat berantusias dan proaktif dalam seluruh kegiatan dari awal sampai akhir kegiatan, terbukti bahwa banyaknya pertanyaan yang saling membangun guna perbaikan generasi muda berwirausaha menjadi lebih baik.
Inovasi Produk Dola-Dola Rumput Laut dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Masyarakat di Desa Pulo Panjang Banten
Authors: Junedi Beni , Isa Indra Griha Tofik
Published: October 2022

Pulau Panjang merupakan wilayah yang berlokasi di Teluk Banten memiliki sumber hasil pertanian yang melimpah yakni rumput laut. Dengan berlimpahnya hasil rumput laut di Pulau Panjang menjadi komoditas utama masyarakat setempat untuk diolah menjadi beragam panganan yang menjadi sumber mata pencahariaan, diantaranya adalah Dola-dola Rumput Laut. Salah satu rumah produksi Dola-dola Rumput Laut adalah UMKM Ibu Sumyati dengan yang sudah memproduksi sejak tahun 2012. Berdasarkan survei lapangan, permasalahan yang terjadi pada UMKM Ibu Sumyati adalah kemasan kurang menarik, pemasaran masih konvensional dan ukuran produk tidak variatif yang menyebabkan stagnansinya tingkat penjualan Dola-dola Rumput Laut. Sehingga tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah bagaimana meningkatkan kuantitas penjualan dengan upaya pendampingan dan pelatihan dari aspek inovasi kemasan, inovasi pemasaran dan inovasi varian produk. Adapun tahapan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi lokakarya awal sebagai bagian dari penyamaan persepsi antara mitra dan tim pelaksana, analisis kebutuhan, pelaksanaan program kegiatan, monitoring pelaksanaan kegiatan dan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan ini didapatkan peningkatan kuantitas penjualan sebesar 82%.
Peningkatan Ketrampilan Pembuatan Rak Bunga Remaja Karang Taruna Kelurahan Srengat Kabupaten Blitar dengan Pelatihan Pengelasan SMAW
Authors: Fachrudin Arif Rochman , Astuti Fina Andika Frida , Martawati Mira Esculenta , Firdaus Ahmad Hanif , Yuniarto Yuniarto
Published: October 2022

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) ini dilaksanakan pada Karang Taruna yang terletak di Kelurahan Srengat Kecamatan Srengat Kabupaten Blitar. Permasalahan pada Karang Taruna ini adalah, banyak anggota Karang Taruna yang masih belum mendapatkan pekerjaan yang tetap, banyak yang menganggur, terkadang kerja terkadang berhenti, belum mengenyam pendidikan tinggi dan tidak mempunyai pengetahuan serta ketrampilan yang dapat digunakan sebagai nilai jual bekerja baik wirausaha ataupun bekerja di bengkel/perusahaan. Solusi untuk memecahkan permasalahan yaitu melalui beberapa kegiatan, antara lain: pelatihan teori pengelasan dan pelatihan praktek pengelasan SMAW dengan membuat rak bunga. PkM ini ini mempunyai tujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan pengelasan SMAW pembuatan rak bunga. Luaran dari PkM ini adalah kegiatan pelatihan pengelasan SMAW dan bantuan unit pengelasan kepada Karang Taruna yang dapat digunakan untuk latihan dan untuk kelengkapan kegiatan karang taruna. Materi pelatihan meliputi K3 dalam pengelasan, dasar dasar pengelasan dan pengelasan SMAW Kesimpulan yang diperoleh selama program kegiatan PkM ini adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan remaja karang taruna tentang pengelasan SMAW pembuatan rak bunga sehingga mendapatkan bekal yang cukup sebagai modal kerja atau berwirausaha.
Religious freedom before, during and after COVID-19 between Europe and the member states (a comment to Martinez-Torrón keynote address)
Authors: Consorti Pierluigi
Published: October 2022

The key issue that emerges from the reports of Martínez-Torrón can be summarised in one question: “can religious freedom be guaranteed in exceptional circumstances?”.

The immediate answer is just: “yes, it can”. Clearly, we must be able to find proper ways to do that, while bearing in mind that it is not only a question of verifying whether it is possible to do so, because protecting religious freedom is not just an option among many others, but it is an unavoidable necessity.