bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literatura e feminismo
Authors: Silva Xavier Ana Laura Laura
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo apresenta um breve histórico dos clubes de leitura do século XVII ao século XXI como espaço de articulação e organização cultural, política e social entre mulheres, além de problematizar o escasso protagonismo para a mulher na literatura. Tem por objetivo central relatar as experiências do Clube de Leitura Leia Mulheres no munícipio de Marília, São Paulo. Os Clubes de Leitura possibilitam a troca de experiências e no caso do Leia Mulheres alia a proposta de incentivar a leitura e discussão de obras escritas por mulheres perpassando os diversos gêneros e temáticas e contemplando autoras de variadas nacionalidades. Busca abrir espaço no mercado literário e editorial para a autoria feminina por meio de encontros mensais mediados também por mulheres em vinte e cinco estados brasileiros.
Corpos, raça e classe: confrontamentos do espaço urbano em Aquarius
Authors: Ribeiro Luís Henrique Marques , Mousinho Luiz Antonio
Published: February 2022

O que as representações cinematográficas do corpo negro em espaços urbanos podem significar? Partindo dessa questão, este artigo analisa cenas do filme Aquarius, de Kleber Mendonça Filho, em uma perspectiva de abordagem racializada das relações de poder. A análise apoia-se nos conceitos de estereótipo. Pretende-se refletir sobre a presença dos corpos negros que aparecem como uma ausência no espaço urbano, uma ausência, porém, capaz de produzir outras subjetividades, que possam oferecer um contraponto às estereotipias raciais.
O “ato da imagem” de Bredekamp: ontologia e presença dos artefatos visuais
Authors: Feitoza Frederico
Published: February 2022

Imagens são entidades vivas que assaltam os olhos. Essa é a ideia por trás do conceito de “ato da imagem”, desenvolvido pelo historiador de arte alemão Horst Bredekamp, que se propôs a repensar uma problemática nos estudos da imagem: a dependência de modelos baseados em teorias linguísticas. Em seu estudo sistemático dos mais variados artefatos visuais desde a pré-história, ele propõe três variações do ato da imagem – esquemática, substitutiva e intrínseca – que atuam  com sua potência latente específica sobre a visão e o corpo do espectador. Neste artigo buscamos apresentar tal conceito a partir de uma breve contextualização, explicando as suas três variações para, assim, evidenciar e concluir que há uma dimensão ontológica e uma autonomia inumana dos diversos artefatos visuais.
From the specular illusion to the performativity of images
Authors: Baio Cesar
Published: February 2022

This essay resumes Arlindo Machado’s main critiques of the ontology of photography to discuss the anthropocentrism that marks the classic theory and hypothesize other ways of thinking about the technical image, based on the ontological division between the world (Nature), the human (Man), and technique. As a consequence of this critique, the text argues that the recognition of the materiality of the processes of image production and circulation would imply the emergence of multiple and heterogenous ontologies of the image. As such, the image crystalizes a specific way of understanding the word, which the artist encodes in their work. This conceptualization leads to the enhancement of the performative aspect that the image assumes in contemporary culture.
A vida (na pós-história) está estranha: Vilém Flusser em jogo
Authors: Iuama Tadeu Rodrigues
Published: February 2022

Este artigo visa discutir as relações entre o conceito de pós-história e o jogo digital Life is Strange, considerando a escassez de olhares da área da comunicação para os jogos em comparação com o papel que tal mídia ocupa contemporaneamente. Para tanto, serão utilizados como aporte metodológico a análise formal da jogabilidade de Lankoski e Björk, a análise da estrutura narrativa de Vogler e os fundamentos de design de jogos de Salen e Zimmerman. Os resultados apresentam a metáfora que a protagonista/personagem jogável demonstra em relação ao indivíduo pós-histórico – um fotógrafo que salta de posição em posição para buscar outras perspectiva.
“Os tecidos da capulana”: narrativas e imagens em torno dos cuidados e afetos
Authors: Gasparetto Vera Fátima , Almeida Mateus , Amâncio Hélder Pires
Published: February 2022

Foi um dia lindo e intenso! Começou com uma manhã ensolarada e alegre, quando saímos da Casa de Estudante, na cidade de Maputo, rumo ao Bairro Patrice Lumumba, na Matola, com muitas expectativas. Sabíamos que queríamos conversar com mulheres que amarram suas crianças com capulanas, mas não sabíamos aonde, nem como! Tínhamos para oferecer água e entusiasmo, perguntas e cliques. A escolha pelo bairro surgiu aleatoriamente. Encontramos uma pracinha arborizada, conseguimos um pneu e uma cadeira emprestada com feirantes locais. Mateus com seu sorriso e sua câmera, Hélder com sua moçambicanidade e seu changana, Vera com sua feminilidade e empatia. Assim, tentamos estabelecer contato com as mulheres jovens que passavam pela via pública.
Avaliação de microdanos no osso
Authors: Francisquini Isabella de Almeida , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Rabelo Gustavo Davi
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Demonstrar o uso da visualização tridimensional (3D) na avaliação dos microdanos no osso com imagens histológicas. Métodos: Foram utilizadas imagens histológicas obtidas de amostras de osso não desmineralizadas, incluídas em metilmetacrilato e coradas em Calceína e com Alaranjado de Xylenol. Imagens que continham microdanos (microtrincas, danos difusos e microfraturas), analisadas por microscopia de luz polarizada ou contraste de fase, foram processadas para criar uma imagem 3D. A imagem tridimensional foi gerada utilizando-se o plugin Interactive 3D Surface Plot para o software ImageJ. Resultados: A morfologia dos microdanos foi mais bem observada nas imagens 3D obtidas neste estudo, visualizada tanto em suas cores originais ou no esquema multicor (Spectrum LUT). O esquema multicor Spectrum LUT permitiu diferenciar melhor os microdanos em relação à profundidade, uma vez que a diferenciação por cores é baseada nas características da superfície analisada. Maiores valores de um ponto no eixo z é representando na imagem por cores mais quentes. Conclusões: O uso da visualização tridimensional de forma complementar à análise convencional dos microdanos aprimorou sobremaneira sua avaliação morfológica e permitiu avaliar estes microdanos em diferentes perspectivas manipulando a imagem em diferentes eixos e posições.
Entre a vegetação e o concreto: análise da arborização urbana nas praças do município de Castanhal, PA
Authors: Gonçalves Larisse Medeiros , Santos Luana Santos dos , Monteiro Pedro Henrique da Silva , Rosal Louise Ferreira
Published: February 2022

A arborização urbana é importante para sustentabilidade e qualidade de vida de uma região, sendo que sua implementação requer planejamento criterioso.  O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi diagnosticar, por meio de um inventário florestal, a silvicultura urbana presente nas praças do município de Castanhal, PA. Foi realizado um inventário da vegetação arbórea a partir de exsicatas. Calculou-se a frequência absoluta e a frequência relativa, classificando em nativas e exóticas. Foram encontradas 11 diferentes espécies distribuídas em 8 famílias botânicas, com 27,27% de nativas do país e 72,73% exóticas, provindas da Ásia (75%), América Central (12,5%) e África (12,5%). A Mangifera indica L. (34,7%) e o Ficus benjamina L. (22,7%) apresentaram maior incidência, com mais de 50% do total de espécies. Concluiu-se que a  arborização estudada está aquém dos padrões estabelecidos, necessitando de elementos de biodiversidade nativa funcional.
Flu Vaccine and Mortality in Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Modin Daniel , Claggett Brian , Jørgensen Mads Emil , Køber Lars , Benfield Thomas , Schou Morten , Jensen Jens‐Ulrik Stæhr , Solomon Scott D. , Trebbien Ramona , Fralick Michael , Vardeny Orly , Pfeffer Marc A. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor
Published: February 2022

Background

Influenza infection may increase the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether influenza vaccination may reduce mortality in patients with hypertension is currently unknown.

Methods and Results

We performed a nationwide cohort study including all patients with hypertension in Denmark during 9 consecutive influenza seasons in the period 2007 to 2016 who were prescribed at least 2 different classes of antihypertensive medication (renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics, calcium antagonists, or beta‐blockers). We excluded patients who were aged <18 years, >100 years, had ischemic heart disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer, or cerebrovascular disease. The exposure to influenza vaccination was assessed before each influenza season. The end points were defined as death from all‐causes, from cardiovascular causes, or from stroke or AMI. For each influenza season, patients were followed from December 1 until April 1 the next year. We included a total of 608 452 patients. The median follow‐up was 5 seasons (interquartile range, 2–8 seasons) resulting in a total follow‐up time of 975 902 person‐years. Vaccine coverage ranged from 26% to 36% during the study seasons. During follow‐up 21 571 patients died of all‐causes (3.5%), 12 270 patients died of cardiovascular causes (2.0%), and 3846 patients died of AMI/stroke (0.6%). After adjusting for confounders, vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risks of all‐cause death (HR, 0.82;
P
<0.001), cardiovascular death (HR, 0.84;
P
<0.001), and death from AMI/stroke (HR, 0.90;
P
=0.017).

Conclusions

Influenza vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risks of death from all‐causes, cardiovascular causes, and AMI/stroke in patients with hypertension. Influenza vaccination might improve outcome in hypertension.
Myogenic Vasoconstriction Requires Canonical G
q/11
Signaling of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor
Authors: Cui Yingqiu , Kassmann Mario , Nickel Sophie , Zhang Chenglin , Alenina Natalia , Anistan Yoland Marie , Schleifenbaum Johanna , Bader Michael , Welsh Donald G. , Huang Yu , Gollasch Maik
Published: February 2022

Background

Blood pressure and tissue perfusion are controlled in part by the level of intrinsic (myogenic) arterial tone. However, many of the molecular determinants of this response are unknown. We previously found that mice with targeted disruption of the gene encoding the angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1AR) (
Agtr1a
), the major murine angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) isoform, showed reduced myogenic tone; however, uncontrolled genetic events (in this case, gene ablation) can lead to phenotypes that are difficult or impossible to interpret.

Methods and Results

We tested the mechanosensitive function of AT1R using tamoxifen‐inducible smooth muscle‐specific AT1aR knockout (smooth muscle‐
Agtr1a
−/−
) mice and studied downstream signaling cascades mediated by G
q/11
and/or β‐arrestins. FR900359, Sar1Ile4Ile8‐angiotensin II (SII), TRV120027 and TRV120055 were used as selective G
q/11
inhibitor and biased agonists to activate noncanonical β‐arrestin and canonical G
q/11
signaling of the AT1R, respectively. Myogenic and Ang II‐induced constrictions were diminished in the perfused renal vasculature, mesenteric and cerebral arteries of smooth muscle‐
Agtr1a
−/−
mice. Similar effects were observed in arteries of global mutant
Agtr1a
−/−
but not
Agtr1b
−/−
mice. FR900359 decreased myogenic tone and angiotensin II‐induced constrictions whereas selective biased targeting of AT1R‐β‐arrestin signaling pathways had no effects.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that myogenic arterial constriction requires G
q/11
‐dependent signaling pathways of mechanoactivated AT1R but not G protein‐independent, noncanonical pathways in smooth muscle cells.
Using the Zwolle Risk Score at Time of Coronary Angiography to Triage Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Thrombolysis
Authors: Parr Christopher J. , Avery Lorraine , Hiebert Brett , Liu Shuangbo , Minhas Kunal , Ducas John
Published: February 2022

Background

The Zwolle Risk Score was designed to identify the risk of complications in patients with ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Its utility following PCI in STEMI treated with thrombolysis is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the safety of using the Zwolle Risk Score to triage patients with STEMI following PCI, including patients receiving thrombolysis.

Methods and Results

Patients aged ≥18 years with STEMI and primary PCI or PCI after thrombolysis were included. A triage protocol was developed, with high‐risk patients those with Zwolle Risk Score ≥4 triaged to the cardiac intensive care unit. A prospective evaluation of the triaging protocol was performed on 452 patients, mean age 65±12 years, 73% men. Median Zwolle Risk Score was 3 (interquartile range, 2‒5), with 257 low‐risk (57%), and 195 high‐risk (43%) patients. Adherence to the protocol was 91%. In‐hospital mortality was 0.4% in low‐risk and 13% in high‐risk patients (
P
<0.001). Seventy‐two patients (16%) received thrombolysis. Median time post‐thrombolysis to PCI was 281 minutes (interquartile range, 219‒376). In‐hospital mortality was 0% versus 9% (
P
=0.083) for low‐ and high‐risk patients, respectively. High‐risk patients had higher rates of cardiogenic shock (34% versus 1%,
P
<0.001), pulmonary edema (60% versus 9%,
P
<0.001), arrhythmia (25% versus 2%,
P
<0.001), blood transfusion (10% versus 2%,
P
<0.001), and stroke (4% versus 0.4%,
P
=0.011). Median hospital costs decreased by $1419 per low‐risk patient after protocol implementation.

Conclusions

For patients with STEMI following primary PCI or PCI following thrombolysis, a Zwolle‐based triaging system is safe and may decrease cardiac intensive care unit usage costs.
Multimodal connectome biomarkers of cognitive and affective dysfunction in the common epilepsies
Authors: Rodriguez-Cruces Raul , Royer Jessica , Larivière Sara , Bassett Dani S. , Caciagli Lorenzo , Bernhardt Boris C.
Published: February 2022

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions, traditionally defined as a disorder of recurrent seizures. Cognitive and affective dysfunction are increasingly recognized as core disease dimensions and can affect patient well-being, sometimes more than the seizures themselves. Connectome-based approaches hold immense promise for revealing mechanisms that contribute to dysfunction and to identify biomarkers. Our review discusses emerging multimodal neuroimaging and connectomics studies that highlight network substrates of cognitive/affective dysfunction in the common epilepsies. We first discuss work in drug-resistant epilepsy syndromes, that is, temporal lobe epilepsy, related to mesiotemporal sclerosis (TLE), and extratemporal epilepsy (ETE), related to malformations of cortical development. While these are traditionally conceptualized as ‘focal’ epilepsies, many patients present with broad structural and functional anomalies. Moreover, the extent of distributed changes contributes to difficulties in multiple cognitive domains as well as affective-behavioral challenges. We also review work in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), a subset of generalized epilepsy syndromes that involve subcortico-cortical circuits. Overall, neuroimaging and network neuroscience studies point to both shared and syndrome-specific connectome signatures of dysfunction across TLE, ETE, and IGE. Lastly, we point to current gaps in the literature and formulate recommendations for future research.
Revision of the Nearctic Microphorinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)
Authors: BROOKS SCOTT E. , CUMMING JEFFREY M.
Published: February 2022

The Nearctic species of the dolichopodid subfamily Microphorinae are revised. Two genera and 33 species are recognized including five species of Microphor Macquart and 28 species of Schistostoma Becker. Both genera are redefined, redescribed and diagnosed, a key to the genera and species in the Nearctic Region is provided, the known geographical distribution of each species is mapped and ecological information is summarized. In addition to the three previously known species of Nearctic Schistostoma, i.e., S. armipes (Melander), S. sycophantor (Melander) and S. yakimense (Melander), the Nearctic fauna includes eight species newly transferred from Microphor as well as 17 new species. These species of Schistostoma are classified into four species groups as follows: the S. atratum species group including S. atratum (Coquillett, 1900) comb. nov., S. borkenti sp. nov., S. chloeae sp. nov. and S. lillyae sp. nov.; the S. isommatum species group including S. caroleae sp. nov., S. evisceratum (Melander, 1940b) comb. nov., S. fitzgeraldi sp. nov., S. isommatum (Melander, 1928) comb. nov., S. powelli sp. nov., S. shamshevi sp. nov., S. sinclairi sp. nov., S. susanae sp. nov. and S. tacomae (Melander, 1940b) comb. nov.; the S. ravidum species group including S. armipes (Melander, 1928), S. arnaudi sp. nov., S. cirripes (Melander, 1940b) comb. nov., S. heatherae sp. nov., S. longistylum sp. nov., S. michaeli sp. nov., S. oharai sp. nov., S. ravidum (Coquillett, 1895) comb. nov., S. robustum (Melander, 1928) comb. nov., S. rudei sp. nov., S. strigilifer (Melander, 1940b) comb. nov. and S. sycophantor (Melander, 1902); and the S. yakimense species group including S. pecki sp. nov., S. runyoni sp. nov. and S. yakimense (Melander, 1928). Schistostoma ravum (Melander, 1940b) comb. nov. is also transferred from Microphor and is newly synonymized with S. evisceratum (Melander, 1940b), syn. nov. The Nearctic members of Microphor now comprise only three of the previously known species, plus two new species. These five species are classified into two species groups as follows: the M. discalis species group including M. discalis Melander, 1940b, M. skevingtoni sp. nov. and M. turneri sp. nov.; and the M. obscurus species group including M. bilineatus (Melander, 1902) and M. obscurus Coquillett, 1903. Lectotype designations are made for Holoclera bilineata Melander, Microphorus armipes Melander, Microphorus ravidus Coquillett, Microphorus strigilifer Melander and Holoclera sycophantor Melander.
Kilka uwag o ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowej: na przykładzie konfrontacji polskiej i ukraińskiej frazeologii
Authors: Tymoshuk Roman
Published: February 2022

Some Remarks on Interlingual Equivalence: Based on the Contrastive Analysis of Polish and Ukrainian PhraseologyThe article focuses on the problem of interlingual equivalence in the context of Polish and Ukrainian contemporary phraseology. The author provides examples of the use of parallel corpora in research on equivalence and outlines the concept of presenting the adequacy of phraseological units in the Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej [Dictionary of Active Polish and Ukrainian Phraseology]. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the importance of creating a new type of bilingual dictionaries, presenting the current state of phraseological resources, and the use of digital tools in contrastive analysis. Kilka uwag o ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowej: na przykładzie konfrontacji polskiej i ukraińskiej frazeologiiW artykule skoncentrowano się na problemie ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowej w oparciu o materiał współczesnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej. Przedstawiono przykłady wykorzystania korpusów równoległych w badaniach nad ekwiwalencją oraz koncepcję prezentacji odpowiedniości jednostek frazeologicznych w Leksykonie aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest zwrócenie uwagi na istotność tworzenia nowego typu słowników dwujęzycznych, prezentujących aktualny stan zasobów frazeologicznych oraz wykorzystania narzędzi cyfrowych w konfrontacji językowej.
Pomiędzy autobiografią a mitem. Opowiadania Oty Pavla na tle twórczości pisarzy polsko-żydowskich
Authors: Budzyńska Alicja
Published: February 2022

Between Autobiography and Myth: Short Stories by Ota Pavel Against the Background of Works of Polish-Jewish WritersThis article is a comparative overview of short stories by Ota Pavel from his collections Smrt krásných srnců [The Death of the Beautiful Roebucks] and Jak jsem potkal ryby (How I Came to Know Fish). The background for Pavel’s prose are texts written by Bruno Schulz and Artur Sandauer. The aim of this comparison is to capture some universal themes of those works, including writing strategies, which transform classical autobiographical conventions. Pomiędzy autobiografią a mitem. Opowiadania Oty Pavla na tle twórczości pisarzy polsko-żydowskichPraca jest komparatystycznym spojrzeniem na opowiadania Oty Pavla z tomów Śmierć pięknych saren i Jak spotkałem się z rybami. Tłem dla prozy czeskiego pisarza jest twórczość Brunona Schulza i Artura Sandauera. Porównanie to ma na celu uchwycenie pewnych uniwersalnych elementów łączących ich dzieła. Uniwersalność ta widoczna jest w wykorzystywanych strategiach pisarskich, przetwarzających konwencję klasycznej autobiografii.
Analysis of Destitution amid Floods: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Sameen
Published: February 2022

Using household surveys for 2008 and 2011, a multidimensional destitution measure is constructed for Pakistan’s most populated province – Punjab. Using a non-monetary framework for dimensions of health, education and standard of living, the study paints a temporal picture of the extremely impoverished households in districts and towns, while highlighting the impact of the destructive 2010 floods. Results reveal the existence of pervasive destitution, with half of the multidimensionally poor households also identified as destitute. Destitution is higher for rural as compared to urban households, while the geography of destitution highlights its concentration in south-west Punjab, providing insights for targeted interventions.
Health Promoter’s Role in School Settings in African Francophone Countries
Authors: Zanchetta Margareth Santos , Alidina Fatema-Masuma , Hared Anel , Dumitriu Marie Elisabeth , Mésenge Christian , Zakus David , Gebremariam Abinet Gebreegziabher , Keller Marc , Haag Carlos
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to describe the context, resources and procedures for planning/implementing health promotion initiatives targeting the children and youth population in African Francophone countries. The method of work used multiple case studies with an online survey ( n = 11) and individual interviews ( n = 6) (2017–2018). Strategies to mobilize/use community’s available resources and assets were influenced by gender and professional status, as well as the stakeholder’s valorization and degree of community interest and engagement in the proposed health promotion initiatives. Major social impacts relate to the support provided by the community stakeholders with individual and collective assets. Evidence uncovered professional networking, collaboration and exchange that could help regional health promoters.
Interrogating Unemployment Amid Growth: Tracking Youth Unemployment in Neo-Liberal Uganda, 1990–2019
Authors: Asiimwe Godfrey Berinde
Published: February 2022

The paper interrogates the paradox of persistent youth unemployment amid an upswing of impressive economic growth after Neo-liberal reforms in Uganda. The government of Uganda undertook targeted interventions to ameliorate youth unemployment, which escalated. Why was the growing economy failing to absorb labour? Why were the interventions failing? We argue that the interplay of the skewed neo-liberal and global architecture, decline of traditional labour absorbing sectors, and the debilitating syncretic ‘informal’ sector constrained sustainable youth employment and deflated interventions. The paper opines that Uganda’s neo-liberal capitalism was unique, as it was structured in a way that did not enhance domestic actors and sectors, which would have increased sustainable labour absorption and utilisation. Otherwise, Uganda’s celebratory growth was largely aid-driven and in the controversial and constrained informal sector, limited service ‘enterprises’ and import consumerism, which undermined domestic productivity and employability. Neo-liberalism and the reconstituted state did not align the domestic and global economic structures for meaningful employment. Unemployment spiralled into the socio-political landscape, while youth agency strived for better positioning.
Meaning-Making Predicts Forgiveness as an Indicator of Posttraumatic Growth with a Stronger Effect for Natural Disasters
Authors: Cameron Erinn C. , Kalayjian Ani , Toussaint Loren , Cunningham Fiona J. , Jacquin Kristine M.
Published: February 2022

Trauma is a growing public health concern as global crises increase. Trauma can result in significant adverse psychological outcomes such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Past research indicates that forgiveness may buffer the adverse psychological effects of trauma. We hypothesized that restoring individual and collective sense of meaning promotes forgiveness toward self and others and enables posttraumatic growth (PTG). Established PTG models posit that meaning can be found in surviving a traumatic event. We propose that PTG manifests as forgiveness in the face of both natural and humanmade disasters. Data were collected from individuals ( N = 3,534) in 11 countries from diverse global regions that have experienced collective traumas. Our study examined the predictive nature of meaning in life and PTSD symptoms on forgiveness. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that trauma and meaning significantly predicted forgiveness, with a larger effect for humanmade disasters. Results indicated that presence of meaning, but not search for meaning, plays a role in PTG as measured by the ability to forgive after experiencing trauma, thus demonstrating its possible centrality to the healing process. Interventions and community-based programs that foster meaning-making following trauma may be part of an effective multicultural approach for enhancing community-wide PTG and resilience following disasters.
State-steered smartmentality in Chinese smart urbanism
Authors: Zhang Jun , Bates Jo , Abbott Pamela
Published: February 2022

This study explores the socio-political shaping of Chinese smart urbanism by examining the power relations between the government (national and municipal), private firms and citizens embedded in smartmentality. Our exploration begins with teasing out key analytical standpoints of Alberto Vanolo’s concept of smartmentality applied in neoliberal practices of smart urbanism. Through this analytical framework, we conceptualise Chinafied smartmentality and illustrate how it is actually playing out in China by undertaking documentary research and in-depth interviews from an inductive case study of the Smart Transportation System (STS) in the city of Shijiazhuang. We observe that the idea of Chinafication extends smartmentality with a focus on the power dynamic. We further argue that this Chinafied smartmentality implies uncritical technological solutionism that is state-steered in nature, and citizen participation in digital platforms that is performed with limited roles and power for inclusion. The article concludes by calling for future research on the critical examination of value co-creation for shaping a truly citizen-centric mode of governance in Chinese smart urbanism.
Unpacking “Stacking”: Researching Political Identity and Regime Security in Armed Forces
Authors: Allen Nathaniel , Brooks Risa
Published: February 2022

This article unpacks the phenomenon of identity-based stacking in armed forces to lay the groundwork for a next generation of scholarship, proposing three sets of extensions with examples from regimes in Africa and the Middle East. First, we argue that scholars might treat the concept of stacking with greater nuance by considering variation in stacking’s modal forms, incorporating identities beyond ethnicity, considering how the salience of stacking varies within armed forces, and treating the identities on which stacking is based as malleable. Second, we argue for a more attention to the mechanisms through which stacking operates, such that it can involve layering of multiple bases of identity, be used to manipulate and manufacture identity, and be used to induce in-group competition and rivalry. Finally, stacking scholarship should consider more the costs to a leader’s control over policy and distributional matters and emphasize the trade-offs that various forms of stacking generate among regime security imperatives.
School‐Based Leadership Talent Development: An Examination of Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Participation and Postsecondary Plans
Authors: Meyer Melanie S. , Rinn Anne N.
Published: February 2022

In 1972, the Marland Report included leadership as a domain of giftedness in the first federal definition. Although federal and state descriptions of gifted and talented services still include identifying and developing leadership talent, in many states, services are not mandated or funded. Consequently, leadership development is often left to extracurricular programs (e.g., student organizations, athletics). The Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (JROTC) provides school-based military-focused leadership education and opportunities to apply emergent leadership skills. This qualitative study examined leadership talent development in JROTC and the postsecondary paths participants chose. A self-report survey was distributed to graduating seniors enrolled in JROTC in Texas public high schools. The findings highlighted characteristics of students who chose to pursue military-focused education or careers after high school and themes about their leadership development experiences in JROTC. Students benefitted from opportunities for career-related identity exploration, a culture that supported leadership development, and psychosocial skills coaching.
Redefining Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cohen Erin R. , Misztal Carly , Dable Cortney , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen , Bhatia Rita G. , Roth Patrick , Ma Ruixuan , Trosman Samuel , Green Carlos , Nicolli Elizabeth , Dinh Christine T. , Sargi Zoukaa B.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Perineural invasion (PNI) negatively affects disease‐specific survival in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC). We aim to analyze the prognostic implications of PNI‐related features.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic tertiary care hospital.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed on 104 patients diagnosed with HNcSCC between January 2011 and October 2019 who underwent resection, parotidectomy, and neck dissection with more than 1 year of follow‐up. PNI was classified as incidental (identified on histopathology alone) or clinical (present on radiography and/or physical exam). Primary outcome measures were overall survival and disease‐free survival (DFS). Kaplan‐Meier analysis, logistic regression, and Cox regression were performed.

Results

The overall 5‐year DFS was 57.9%. Sixty‐one patients had PNI. On histopathology, 28 lesions showed complete nerve encirclement, 10 involved >5 nerves, and 12 involved named nerves. Patients with facial weakness (P =. 026) and positive margins (P =. 0029) had a higher likelihood of histopathologic PNI, and positive margins retained significance on multivariable analysis (P =. 0079). Worse DFS was seen in patients with PNI (P =. 004), advanced tumor stage (P =. 049), positive margins (P =. 014), and >5 nerves involved (P =. 0061). Furthermore, histopathologic PNI was a predictor of DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.07; 95% CI, 0.33‐1.38; P =. 0061) overall and in the clinical PNI cohort (HR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.65‐7.10; P =. 00091).

Conclusion

DFS was significantly worse in patients with PNI, facial nerve weakness, advanced T stage, positive margins, and multiple nerve involvement. Further characterization of PNI features may help improve prognostic predictions and identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatment.
Examination of Sex Differences in a Chronic Rhinosinusitis Surgical Cohort
Authors: Ramos Laylaa , Massey Conner J. , Asokan Annapoorani , Rice John D. , Kroehl Miranda , Ramakrishnan Vijay R.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Sex discrepancies have been reported in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but limited data exist exploring sex‐specific biological processes and sinonasal quality of life.

Study Design

Prospective cohort.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Methods

Demographics, clinical data, and sinonasal mucus were collected from patients with CRS presenting for surgical consideration over a 5‐year period. A random forest model and linear regression were used to assess predictor variables for the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and subdomains. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure substance P and tryptase in a subset of mucus samples to explore biological differences by sex.

Results

In total, 520 patients were studied (mean age 48.3 years, 50.9% female). Males were older (50.1 vs 46.6 years, P =. 008), had more polyp disease (48.2% vs 35.5%, P =. 004), and had higher mean Lund‐Mackay CT score (11.3 vs 9.5, P =. 004). Females had a higher overall mean SNOT‐22 (40.9 vs 46.9, P =. 001) and higher scores in ear/facial, psychological, and sleep domains (P <. 01). Age, objective disease measures, and sex were top predictors for total SNOT‐22. Neither mucus substance P or tryptase, alone or paired with sex, correlated with total SNOT‐22. Analysis of mucus biomarkers by sex revealed correlation between mucus tryptase in females with the extranasal subdomain (P =. 01).

Conclusion

Sex differences exist in CRS disease manifestations and presentation for surgical consideration. Detection of mucus (substance P and tryptase) was reliable, but in this exploratory study, we were not able to establish neurogenic or allergic inflammatory processes as a large source of differential disease features between sexes.
Children’s feelings about piano performances across a year of study
Authors: Ryan Charlene , Boucher Helene , Ryan Gina
Published: February 2022

Solo performance is a common experience for children learning to play an instrument, yet the research literature on these experiences is limited, with a focus on older children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine younger children’s feelings about performance over the course of a year of study. Forty-one children were interviewed about their piano lessons and performance experiences at the end of two consecutive semesters of study. They also responded to a pictorial scale on their feelings about performance at each interview and again at two piano recitals. Results indicate that children are remarkably consistent in their feelings about performing in piano recitals, with few significant changes over time and context. Correlation analyses indicate changes in the relationships between feelings about performance and certain study variables over time—in particular age, liking of lessons, liking of performing, practice time, and perception of being good at piano. In the fall term, gender and age are significant predictors of feelings about performance, with younger children and boys feeling most positive. In the spring, the findings shift and the only significant predictor is children’s liking of piano lessons. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.
Reliability of different body temperature measurement sites during normothermic cardiac surgery
Authors: Sastre José A , López Teresa , Moreno-Rodríguez Maria A , Reta-Ajo Leyre , Rubia-Martín María C , Díez-Castro Rosa
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery can experience significant thermal changes during the perioperative period and, for that reason, it is essential to monitor temperatures with adequate accuracy and precision during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary aim of the current study was to measure the discrepancies between temperatures at different body sites during normothermic or mild hypothermic CPB.

Methods

48 patients undergoing cardiac surgery participated in our study. Simultaneous temperatures were measured at nasopharynx, pulmonary artery, arterial outlet, venous inlet, forehead using a heat flux sensor, and urinary bladder at 5-min intervals throughout surgery. The Bland-Altman plot for repeated measures was used to assess concordance between methods.

Results

The duration of surgery was 360 min (interquartile range (IQR) 300–412), while the median cross-clamp time was 135 min (IQR 101–169). During the CPB time, the average difference between arterial outlet and nasopharyngeal temperature was −0.16°C (95% limits of agreement of ±0.93). The bias between arterial outlet and the venous inflow was 0.16°C and the 95% limits of agreement were −0.63 to 0.95°C. The Bland-Altman analysis showed an average difference between oxigenator arterial outlet and bladder probe of −0.62 (95% limits of agreement of ±1.3). The average difference between arterial outlet and Tcore™ temperatures was 0.08°C (95% limits of agreement of ±1.46). 25 patients (52.08%) presented nasopharyngeal temperatures higher than 37°C in the post-CPB period, but none of them exceeded 38°C.

Conclusions

Perfusionists should be cautious when using the nasopharyngeal site as the only surrogate of brain temperature, even in normothermic cardiac surgery because the precision of measurements is not entirely adequate.
Initial Evaluation Practices to Identify Young Children’s Social Emotional Difficulties
Authors: Stein Rachel , Steed Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2022

For young children with significant social emotional difficulties, early identification and intervention can mitigate later challenges. Early social emotional difficulties may indicate an early mental health condition, developmental delays, or educational disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) includes provisions for finding and supporting young children with delays or disabilities associated with social emotional needs. Yet, few young children are identified and connected to services, suggesting identification challenges. We used survey methodology to learn about social emotional evaluation practices used by Child Find teams in Colorado for children evaluated for early intervention and preschool special education eligibility. Results suggested that Child Find professionals relied heavily on observations, parent report, and teacher/caregiver input when determining social emotional eligibility. Fewer providers used standardized screening and validated social emotional tools. While most providers made decisions aligned with Colorado eligibility, others appeared to misunderstand the criteria. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Back to the Basics: Handwritten Journaling, Student Engagement, and Bloom’s Learning Outcomes
Authors: Berezan Orie , Krishen Anjala S. , Garcera Sara
Published: February 2022

Often considered an enhancement to the learning experience, technology can also stifle creativity and higher levels of thinking. This study repositions students away from technology and back to the basics to stimulate engagement and higher levels of learning. It investigates the relationship between learning outcomes and the reflective journaling process in the context of an undergraduate marketing class in the United States. In addition, this study investigates a technique in which students are introduced to topics that are sensitive in nature, yet relevant to the real world. Although reflective journaling has been utilized in courses in areas such as educational psychology and social work, it has not been widely practiced in business courses such as marketing. Through the lens of Bloom’s Taxonomy, we qualitatively analyze handwritten reflective journaling assignments about loneliness and social media to determine how the process highlights higher levels of learning. The opportunity to use handwritten journals provided a unique learning experience and a hands-on approach to allow marketing students to experience learning in a new light.
What Motivates Marketing Educators to Attend In-Person and Virtual Academic Conferences in a Time of Pandemic Pedagogy?
Authors: Vander Schee Brian A. , DeLong Debbie
Published: February 2022

The global pandemic in 2020 caused by Covid-19 required marketing educators to quickly adapt to pandemic pedagogy. It also abruptly curtailed in-person large gatherings, including academic conferences. Although many marketing scholarly professional organizations suffered a negative financial impact, the quick transition to offer completely online live events allowed many marketing educators to attend a virtual conference for the first time. After having experienced the benefits of virtual attendance, will marketing educators return to in-person attendance when it is deemed safe to do so? Marketing educators can earn credit for serving in scholarly professional organization leadership roles and for organizing and participating in academic conferences offered by those organizations. Thus, there is a vested interest in having profitable events to support the organizations. This study seeks to answer the question, what motivates marketing educators to attend in-person and virtual academic conferences? Grounded in self-determination theory, relatedness and competence are examined as marketing educator motivations. Regression analysis of the survey results suggests marketing educators have a relatedness motivation to participate in-person. They also have a competence motivation to participate virtually. Therefore, marketing scholarly professional organizations should consider offering both virtual and in-person academic conferences to address relatedness and competence motivation.
To Compare the Stress Magnitude on Roots of Mandibular Incisors at Different Inclinations With Different Arch Wires During Intrusion Mechanics—A Fem Study
Authors: Rashid Munaza , Singla Anil , Mahajan Vivek , Jaj Harupinder Singh , Dhiman Indu , Thakur Shikha
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Force is applied through brackets in fixed mechanotherapy which generates stress in periodontal ligament and root of the teeth and is difficult to measure directly. Finite element analysis is used as a solution for understanding this biomechanical response. So the aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate the stress magnitude induced in the labial and lingual surface of mandibular incisors using superelastic NiTi arch wires of different cross-section at different inclination through finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Finite element model of all mandibular teeth including periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, buccal tubes, brackets, and arch wire were constructed using mechanical elastic properties of the materials. Three different NiTi arch wires, round (0.016″), square (0.016″ × 0.016″), and rectangular (0.016″ × 0.022″), were placed into the bracket slots and models were constructed which were analyzed for stress distribution on root surface and periodontal ligament with 3 different cross-sections at 90°, 100°, and 110° with Ansys Version 14 software.

Conclusion:

Labial stress was found highest in round arch wire as compared to square and rectangular wire. Lingual stress was found to be slightly more in rectangular wire as compared to round and square arch wire.
Melodic contours of maternal humming to preterm infants in kangaroo care and infants’ overlapping vocalizations: A microanalytical study
Authors: Carvalho Maria Eduarda Salgado , de Miranda Justo João Manuel Rosado , Sá Carolina , Gratier Maya , Rodrigues Helena Ferreira
Published: February 2022

Tonal or melodic contours of maternal voice directed to infants play a role in infants’ self-regulation and vocal responsiveness. However, we are unaware about melodic contours of maternal humming directed to preterm infants and its role for infants’ vocal responsiveness. We aimed (1) to identify the melodic contours (sinusoidal, bell-shaped, U-shaped, rising, falling, and linear contours) of maternal humming directed to preterm infants in kangaroo care and (2) to identify preterm infants’ overlapping vocalizations in each humming melodic contour. Mothers ( N = 36) were invited to speak and to hum (using an improvised melody) for their preterm infants during kangaroo care. A temporal segmentation (frequency and lengths) of melodic contours of humming, and descriptive comparative analyses were performed. We found a predominance of sinusoidal contours, followed by bell-shaped, rising, falling, U-shaped, and, finally, linear contours. Also a predominance of infants’ overlapping vocalizations was found in sinusoidal and in bell-shaped contours. This study underlines the role of melodic contours of maternal humming to preterm infants, highlighting its communicative functions for the vocal engagement of preterm infants during kangaroo care.
Use of polypropylene pyrolysis oil in alternative fuel production
Authors: Uebe Jochen , Kryzevicius Zilvinas , Majauskiene Rasa , Dulevicius Marijus , Kosychova Lidija , Zukauskaite Audrone
Published: February 2022

In this study, polypropylene (PP) was recycled in a non-stirred batch reactor by slow pyrolysis at low temperature. Virgin PP and waste PP as well as mixed material of equal amounts of virgin PP plus virgin PP pyrolysis oil (ratio 1:1 w/w) were used as raw material. The highest yields of liquid product were obtained at 350°C and 400°C (82.0 and 82.3 w/w%, respectively). The density, viscosity and calorific value of the gasoline and diesel fractions of the obtained pyrolysis oils comply with EN228 and EN590 standards, respectively. The flash point corresponded to the standard only for some of the oils, but the cold filter clogging point, the pour point and especially the oxidation stability were far above the stated reference values of the standards. The pyrolysis oils as products of thermal decomposition were determined by the methods of 1H and 13C and two-dimensional-heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR) spectra. Spectral analysis showed that only very little aromatic compounds were present in the oils, but they contained many unsaturated compounds, which is presumably consistent with the measured oxidation stability and limits their use in the production of alternative fuels. The research octane number (RON) calculated from the NMR analyses corresponds to the lower limit of gasoline.
Formal Health and Social Services That Directly and Indirectly Benefit Stroke Caregivers: A Scoping Review of Access and Use
Authors: Garnett Anna , Ploeg Jenny , Markle-Reid Maureen , Strachan Patricia H.
Published: February 2022

Stroke can be a life altering event that necessitates considerable amounts of formal and informal care. The impacts of stroke often persist over time requiring ongoing support for stroke survivors. Family members provide the majority of care and experience many life changes as a result of their caregiving role including social, financial, employment and health impacts. Formal supports such as counselling, respite, and health promotion initiatives that directly benefit caregivers or benefit them indirectly through supporting the stroke survivor, are well-placed to help caregivers manage their caregiving role. However, to date little is known about formal service use by stroke caregivers and the factors that influence their service use. This scoping review provides a critique and synthesis of what is known about stroke caregivers’ access and use of formal services intended to support them. Findings suggest that while services are available, caregivers’ ability to use them are impacted by both facilitators and barriers. Facilitators included: sex, age, and having a higher household income (depending on services used). Barriers included: high cost, poor service quality and deficient knowledge/communication regarding service availability. This review highlights a significant gap in our knowledge of caregivers’ experience in accessing and using formal services.