bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisitando a perspectiva de James MacGregor Burns: qual é a ideia por trás do conceito de liderança transformacional?
Authors: Calaça Pedro Alessandro , Vizeu Fabio
Published: January 2015

Na Administração, a liderança é vinculada ao interesse na eficiência produtiva, tendo como pressuposto a capacidade de líderes e liderados atingirem os resultados organizacionais. Todavia, a liderança é matéria mais ampla do que pode julgar essa concepção. Por entender que essa é a perspectiva adotada no texto seminal de Burns (1978) sobre liderança transformacional, propomos neste estudo revisitar essa obra, para contrapor seus principais argumentos em relação àqueles formulados por autores de liderança transformacional na área de Administração. Para tanto, adotamos a análise sócio-histórica, como proposta por Stefani e Vizeu (2011), a primeira etapa da hermenêutica de profundidade (THOMPSON, 2000), um método que visa a evitar o erro da livre interpretação de uma obra contextualmente situada. Assim, concluímos que o ponto central da liderança transformacional, para Burns, é a questão do desenvolvimento moral e o distanciamento na relação utilitária entre líder e liderados. Esses dois pontos são reforçados ao longo do texto pelos exemplos dados pelo autor, quase sempre relacionados ao contexto da liderança no âmbito político e dos movimentos sociais, onde a questão ético-moral é tomada em uma dimensão societal.
Assédio moral no trabalho: dilacerando oportunidades
Authors: Valadão Júnior Valdir Machado , Mendonça Juliana Moro Bueno
Published: January 2015

O assédio moral é um tema recorrente na literatura de negócios, com perspectivas, embora distintas, convergentes em um aspecto: essa prática deve ser banida das organizações, e, para isso, é necessário compreendê-la em maior profundidade. Nesse sentido, este estudo analisa processos de assédio moral com o objetivo de identificar as divergências e convergências entre as sentenças/processos procedentes verificados na Justiça do Trabalho, bem como analisa os discursos dos autos, das vítimas e dos gestores das organizações responsabilizadas, adotando como referência algumas das categorias de assédio moral. Diferentemente das pesquisas tradicionais, que consideram a perspectiva das vítimas, esta pesquisa vai além ao considerar, também, os gestores das organizações onde ocorreram os casos analisados. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada é o estudo de caso, a partir da triangulação de dados obtidos com entrevistas com as vítimas e os gestores e análise de documentos. Com esse delineamento, o estudo foi dirigido em duas fases complementares: na primeira realizou-se o mapeamento das ocorrências de assédio moral na Justiça do Trabalho e na segunda analisaram-se dez casos de assédio moral contra mulheres que trabalharam em empresas privadas de grande porte. Os resultados mostram divergências expressivas nas categorias entre a ótica das vítimas e dos gestores Além disso, eles revelam, não apenas nos discursos dos entrevistados, uma miopia em relação às múltiplas causas de assédio moral no mundo do trabalho, mas, também, nos elementos dos processos jurídicos. Com ênfase nos gestores, as contradições e equívocos sobre o tema preocupam, e os álibis naturalizados, em suas expressões e falas, tentam levar a problemática para a margem, utilizando o tom de "brincadeira" e eufemismos.
Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management
Authors: Nascente Adriano S. , Stone Luís F. , Guimarães Cleber M.
Published: January 2015

An important point in no-tillage system is the time between cover crop glyphosate desiccation and rice sowing. This study aimed to verify the effect of Brachiaria ruziziensis management time before rice sowing on rice yield and its components. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and consisted of four types of B. ruziziensis management: with Brachiaria and with herbicide (WBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and with herbicide (NBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and without herbicide (NBNH), and with Brachiaria and without herbicide (WBNH), at four times: 30, 20, 10, and 0 days, preceding the rice sowing. The amount of B. ruziziensis dry matter increased as the management was done closer to the rice sowing date. The WBWH and WBNH managements (this one causes the lowest rice grain yield) must be done 30 days before rice sowing; while NBWH management must be done ten or more days before rice sowing. On the other hand, NBNH management (this one favors the best rice grain yield) can be done until rice sowing day. Despite some reduction in rice yield caused by the B. ruziziensis management, when it was done at the proper time the rice grain yield was similar to the control (without Brachiaria sowing and without herbicide application).
Phosphorus fertilization and growth of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliares L.) cultivars
Authors: Giongo Vanderlise , Salviano Alessandra M. , Santos Betina R. C. dos , Leal Emylly F.
Published: January 2015

Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the growth of root system as well as the tillering grass, being fundamental to increase the productivity of these species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of buffel grass cultivars and establish critical values of P in plant and soil. The experimental set up was a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (four Cenchrus ciliaris cvs.: Biloela, Aridus, CPATSA 7754 and Pusa Giant, and five doses of P2O5 - 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) with four replications. After 90 days of cultivation, dry mass of shoot (DMS) and root (DMR) production and the P accumulation (Pacc) were determined. Soil samples to determine the P content and determination of the critical level (CriLev) were also collected. The cv. Biloela presented lower DMR and DMS production compared to the other cultivars. The cultivares Biloela, Pusa Giant and Aridus showed different critical levels of P in soil and plant, obtained in the greenhouse showing that they have different requirement of this nutrient for their growth. The cultivar CPATSA 7754 showed higher phosphorus requirement and did not permit to establish critical levels with doses used in the present study.
Modelagem da intrusão da água de um rio com diferentes concentrações de sais
Authors: Marino Gabriel C.
Published: January 2015

Para considerações de intrusão de água em meio subterrâneo a capilaridade, também entendida como força de sucção, é uma grandeza física que influencia a dinâmica do processo. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma investigação do comportamento do escoamento subterrâneo e as interações entre água doce e água salinizada na área de descarga de um rio. Objetivou-se realizar uma modelagem preditiva para identificar e representar o processo de intrusão das águas de um rio meio ao lençol freático comparando diferentes concentrações de sais nas águas do rio e águas subterrâneas. Como modelo conceitual foi definido um rio em região de descarga. A modelagem foi realizada no software SUTRA sendo o método de solução por elementos finitos. Observou-se a formação de uma camada de água doce sobre o lençol freático salinizado quando considerada intrusão de água doce. Para as considerações com intrusão de água salinizada foi identificada a formação de fingers. Os resultados do modelo possibilitaram identificar que a intrusão de água doce no lençol freático salinizado é dificultada pela presença de sais. A intrusão é mais difícil quanto maior a concentração de sais nas águas subterrâneas.
Qualidade fisiológica das sementes de sorgo sacarino submetidas à secagem em diferentes condições de ar
Authors: Ullmann Renan , Resende Osvaldo , Chaves Tarcísio H. , Oliveira Daniel E. C. de , Costa Lílian M.
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de sorgo sacarino submetidas à secagem em diferentes condições de ar. A secagem do sorgo sacarino foi realizada mantendo-se as temperaturas controladas de 40, 55, 70, 85 e 100 °C e umidades relativas de 28,4; 18,6; 12,2; 7,3 e 3,1%, durante os períodos de 3,0; 1,75; 1,42; 1,08 e 0,83 h, respectivamente. Depois da secagem as sementes foram submetidas às análises de condutividade elétrica, porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), porcentagem de emergência, primeira contagem da emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Constata-se que o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem promove maior danificação nas sementes, pelo aumento da condutividade elétrica da solução. A porcentagem de germinação, IVG, porcentagem de emergência e o IVE, tiveram seus valores reduzidos pelo incremento de temperatura. Conclui-se que a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de sorgo sacarino é afetada pela temperatura do ar de secagem e que as temperaturas mais elevadas promovem maiores danos às sementes podendo ser realizada a secagem até a temperatura do ar de 55 °C.
Impact of changes in land use in the flow of the Pará River Basin, MG
Authors: Rodrigues Evandro L. , Elmiro Marcos A. T. , Braga Francisco de A. , Jacobi Claudia M. , Rossi Rafael D.
Published: January 2015

Plant cover plays an essential role in the maintenance and balance of the hydrological cycle, performing functions in the control of water availability, which guarantee flow permanence. The use of mathematical models is an alternative to represent the hydrological system and help in the understanding of phenomena involving the variables of the water cycle, in order to anticipate and predict impacts from potential changes in land use. In the present study, the hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to analyse the dynamics of flow and water flow in the Pará River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the impact caused by changes in land use in water availability. The adjusted model was assessed by the coefficient of efficiency of Nash-Sutcliffe (between -0.057 to -0.059), indicating high correlation and coefficient of residual mass (0.757 to 0.793) and therefore a satisfactory fit. An increase of about 10% in the basin flow was estimated, as a function of changes in land use, when simulating the removal of the original 'Cerrado' vegetation and of the seasonal semideciduous forest for pasture implementation in 38% of the basin.
Infiltration of Rhodamin B into three materials used as cervical barrier
Authors: SOUZA Grazielle Morais de , RASQUIN Luis Cardoso , CARVALHO Fabíola Bastos de
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the sealing ability of three materials used as cervical barrier for internal dental bleaching. METHODS: Thirty-three canines were selected, and after biomechanical root canal preparation, the canals were filled by lateral condensation technique. After the filling material setting reaction, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each, according to the following materials for constructing the cervical barrier: X Temp LC; Vitro Fil; Coltosol. The control group consisted of three teeth, without placement of the cervical cap. Sodium perborate /distilled water associated with 2% Rhodamin B were used as bleaching substance. After placing the bleaching agent in the pulp chamber, access cavities were sealed with temporary cement IRM and samples were stored at 37 ° for 7 days. After this period, the samples were cleaved longitudinally, and leakage was evaluated by the visual method. The data were submitted to Pearson test with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the study groups, however, the largest number of specimens with a lower degree of leakage were found in the Coltosol group. CONCLUSION: All the materials evaluated for making the cervical cap allowed some level of leakage.
Fanconi Anemia: main oral manifestations
Authors: D'AGULHAM Anna Clara Duszczak , CHAIBEN Cassiano Lima , LIMA Antônio Adilson Soares de , TORRES-PEREIRA Cassius Carvalho , MACHADO Maria Ângela Naval
Published: January 2015

Fanconi Anemia is a recessive and rare genetic disorder, characterized by chromosomal instability that induces congenital alterations in individuals. Aplastic anemia due to the progressive failure of the bone marrow, malignant neoplasias such as acute myeloid leukemia, liver tumors and squamous cell carcinoma are some of the possible evolutions of Fanconi Anemia. Some of these diseases develop mainly after bone marrow transplantation. The aim of this critical review of the literature was to discourse about the main oral manifestations and their involvement in the health of individuals who are ill with Fanconi Anemia. The clinical oral findings described in the literature include periodontal changes, such as gingivitis and aggressive periodontitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers and traumatic lesions. Papillary atrophy, macroglossia, melanic pigmentation and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common oral manifestations on the tongue. An increased risk for the development of malignant neoplasias in individuals with Fanconi Anemia has been reported, and this is progressive after bone marrow transplantation. In radiographs, dental anomalies such as the presence of supernumerary teeth, tooth agenesis, tooth rotation and transposition of teeth are observed. Salivary flow and some salivary components are also altered. Due to the increased susceptibility to the development of cancer in this specific population, it is important for the dentist to know the common oral manifestations and potentially cancerous lesions, in order to make an early diagnosis in individuals with Fanconi Anemia.
Capacidades Dinâmicas: O Que São e Como Identificá-las?
Authors: Meirelles Dimária Silva e , Camargo Álvaro Antônio Bueno
Published: January 2015

O fenômeno das capacidades dinâmicas nas organizações constitui um ramo de grande interesse para pesquisadores na área de administração, em campos diversos do conhecimento, desde gerenciamento estratégico, empreendedorismo, marketing, gestão de recursos humanos, gestão de operações, até sistema de informação. A partir da a proposta original de Teece, Pisano e Shuen (1997), vários têm sido os esforços teóricos no sentido de desenvolver o conceito de capacidades dinâmicas. Todavia, ao realizar um levantamento desses esforços, constata-se uma miríade de definições, algumas até bastante semelhantes, e, principalmente, notam-se fortes controvérsias sobre os condicionantes e os elementos componentes das capacidades dinâmicas. Verifica-se que a evolução do entendimento do que é capacidade dinâmica está associada a dois aspectos fundamentais: elementos componentes e mecanismos pelos quais a empresa desenvolve capacidades dinâmicas. O artigo propõe um modelo integrador das várias definições apresentadas pelos autores pesquisados em que os elementos determinantes da existência de capacidades dinâmicas incluem o conjunto de comportamentos, habilidades, rotinas, processos e mecanismos de aprendizagem e governança do conhecimento, voltados para a mudança e a inovação. Esses elementos são desenvolvidos ao longo da trajetória organizacional, num processo cumulativo de conhecimento e aprendizagem.
Educação Corporativa e Desenvolvimento de Lideranças em Empresas Multisite
Authors: Moscardini Ticiana Nunes , Klein Amarolinda
Published: January 2015

No mundo empresarial, as mudanças são cada vez mais rápidas. A aprendizagem, no contexto organizacional, transforma-se e nasce a Educação Corporativa (EC), definida como um conjunto de estratégias educacionais contínuas que visam ao desenvolvimento de competências para o negócio. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de lideranças é uma necessidade das organizações que estruturam programas com o uso de diferentes estratégias e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar quais estratégias e TIC vêm sendo utilizadas na Educação Corporativa para o desenvolvimento de lideranças em organizações multisite. A pesquisa é exploratória e qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 12 empresas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre – RS (em um total de 24 entrevistados) escolhidas por acessibilidade. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das empresas ainda não adota a EC em sua totalidade. As estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem mais utilizadas são: aulas expositivas e debates; a modalidade presencial predomina e a utilização das TIC é limitada, sendo as tecnologias utilizadas os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem e ferramentas da Web 2.0. O principal desafio para o desenvolvim ento de lideranças nessas empresas multisite é a aprendizagem e disseminação da cultura organizacional.
Björk-Jarabak cephalometric analysis on CBCT synthesized cephalograms with different dentofacial sagittal skeletal patterns
Authors: Rodriguez-Cardenas Yalil Augusto , Arriola-Guillen Luis Ernesto , Flores-Mir Carlos
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Björk and Jabarak cephalometric analysis generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) synthesized lateral cephalograms in adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns.METHODS: The sample consisted of 46 CBCT synthesized cephalograms obtained from patients between 16 and 40 years old. A Björk and Jarabak cephalometric analysis among different sagittal skeletal classes was performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple range test of Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis test, and independent t-test were used as appropriate.RESULTS: In comparison to the standard values: Skeletal Class III had increased gonial and superior gonial angles (P < 0.001). This trend was also evident when sex was considered. For Class I males, the sella angle was decreased (P = 0.041), articular angle increased (P = 0.027) and gonial angle decreased (P = 0.002); whereas for Class III males, the gonial angle was increased (P = 0.012). For Class I females, the articular angle was increased (P = 0.029) and the gonial angle decreased (P = 0.004). Björk's sum and Björk and Jabarak polygon sum showed no significant differences. The facial biotype presented in the three sagittal classes was mainly hypodivergent and neutral.CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, skeletal Class III malocclusion was strongly differentiated from the other sagittal classes, specifically in the mandible, as calculated through Björk and Jarabak analysis.
Protein biomarkers of external root resorption: A new protein extraction protocol. Are we going in the right direction?
Authors: Vieira Giovanni Modesto
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine a protocol of gingival crevicular fluid protein extraction used for the first dimension of 2-DE gels. It also aims at conducting a review on the current candidates for protein markers of this pathology, all of which may be used to prevent the disease.METHODS: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from two groups of 60 patients each, with and without external root resorption. Samples were extracted by means of various methods of protein extraction. SDS-PAGE gels were used to assess the quality of the method which was subsequently tested during isoelectric focusing of 2-DE gels taken from samples of patients with and without the disease.RESULTS: Milli-Q ultrapure ice cold water, without precipitation for gingival crevicular fluid protein extraction, proved the method with greatest sharpness to detect protein bands. Additionally, it allowed two-dimensional electrophoresis to be performed.CONCLUSION: The new protein extraction protocol does not interfere in isoeletric focusing of 2-DE gels. Furthermore, it provides the greatest sharpness in detecting protein bands of SDS-PAGE gels. This will allow mapping and searching of new external root resorption markers, particularly due to the difficulty in carrying out molecular tests with the current candidates for protein markers.
Second molar impaction associated with lip bumper therapy
Authors: Jacob Helder Baldi , LeMert Shawn , Alexander Richard G. , Buschang Peter H.
Published: January 2015

INTRODUCTION: Although lip bumpers (LBs) provide significant clinical gain of mandibular arch perimeter in mixed-dentition patients, orthodontists are reluctant to use them due to the possibility of permanent second molar eruptive disturbances.OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to assess second molar impaction associated with the use of LBs, and to investigate how they can be solved.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lateral and panoramic radiographs of 67 patients (34 females and 33 males) were assessed prior (T1) and post-LB treatment (T2). LB therapy lasted for approximately 1.8 ± 0.9 years. Concomitant rapid palatal expansion (RPE) was performed in the maxilla at LB treatment onset. Impaction of mandibular second molars was assessed by means of panoramic radiographs in relation to the position of first mandibular molars. Horizontal and vertical movements of first and second molars were assessed cephalometrically on lateral cephalometric radiographs based on mandibular superimpositions.RESULTS: Eight (11.9%) patients had impacted second molars at the end of LB therapy. Two patients required surgical correction, whereas five required spacers and one patient was self-corrected. Mandibular first molar tip and apex migrated forward 1.3 mm and 2.3 mm, respectively. Second molar tip showed no statistically significant horizontal movement.CONCLUSION: Although LB therapy increased the risk of second molar impaction, impactions were, in most instances, easily solved.
Effect of adhesive remnant removal on enamel topography after bracket debonding
Authors: Cardoso Larissa Adrian Meira , Valdrighi Heloísa Cristina , Vedovello Filho Mario , Correr Américo Bortolazzo
Published: January 2015

INTRODUCTION: At orthodontic treatment completion, knowledge about the effects of adhesive remnant removal on enamel is paramount.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the effect of different adhesive remnant removal methods on enamel topography (ESI) and surface roughness (Ra) after bracket debonding and polishing.METHODS: A total of 50 human premolars were selected and divided into five groups according to the method used for adhesive remnant removal: high speed tungsten carbide bur (TCB), Sof-Lex discs (SL), adhesive removing plier (PL), ultrasound (US) and Fiberglass burs (FB). Metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT, stored at 37oC for 24 hours before debonding with adhesive removing plier. Subsequently, removal methods were carried out followed by polishing with pumice paste. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted with pre-bonding, post-debonding and post-polishing analyses. Results were submitted to statistical analysis with F test (ANOVA) and Tukey's (Ra) as well as with Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests (ESI) (P < 0.05).RESULTS: US Ra and ESI were significantly greater than TCB, SL, PL and FB. Polishing minimized Ra and ESI in the SL and FB groups.CONCLUSION: Adhesive remnant removal with SL and FB associated with polishing are recommended due to causing little damage to the enamel.
Lewis Carroll, a educação e o ensino de geometria na Inglaterra vitoriana
Authors: Montoito Rafael , Garnica Antonio Vicente Marafioti
Published: January 2015

Parte da pesquisa motivada pela tradução para o português do livro Euclides e seus rivais modernos, publicado por Lewis Carroll em 1879, este artigo se inscreve numa série de estudos que visam a um exame hermenêutico dessa obra. São discutidos temas relacionados com a educação, a educação matemática e o ensino de Geometria na Inglaterra vitoriana.
Trajetórias profissionais na constituição das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde na Abrasco
Authors: Ianni Aurea Maria Zöllner , Spadacio Cristiane , Barboza Renato , Alves Olga Sofia Fabergé , Viana Sabrina Daniela Lopes , Rocha Ane Talita
Published: January 2015

Nos dias de hoje, é cada vez mais perceptível a importância das Ciências Sociais para a consolidação da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil. Compreender, portanto, a trajetória dos profissionais que de certa forma fundaram o campo e o mantiveram é, enfim, compreender a própria trajetória teórica e prática dessa área, evidenciada, também, nos congressos de Ciências Sociais em Saúde realizados pela Abrasco. No contexto dessa discussão, o presente artigo realiza um mapeamento do perfil dos presidentes da Abrasco e dos coordenadores das Comissões de Ciências Sociais que ocuparam esses cargos entre 1995 e 2011, anos em que aconteceram os Congressos Brasileiros de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde. Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas com presidentes da Abrasco e com os coordenadores das Comissões de Ciências Sociais, em suas diferentes gestões. Apesar de este artigo assumir caráter mais descritivo acerca da constituição e institucionalização das Ciências Sociais em Saúde na Abrasco, acredita-se que a compreensão do processo de conformação desse subcampo a partir da fala dos agentes que o constituem seja extremamente profícua para os debates atuais sobre o lugar das Ciências Sociais no campo da Saúde Coletiva
Análise da variação da cobertura do solo no Pantanal de 2003 a 2010 através de sensoriamento remoto
Authors: Paranhos Filho Antonio Conceição , Moreira Erika Silva , Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck de , Pagotto Teresa Cristina Stocco , Mioto Camila Leonardo
Published: January 2015

O Pantanal é um dos ecossistemas mais ricos em biodiversidade do Brasil, estendendo-se pelos territórios de Mato Grosso e de Mato Grosso do Sul, além de pequenas porções da Bolívia e Paraguai. A compreensão desse sistema é muito importante, já que para preservar é necessário conhecer. Assim, através da utilização de imagens MODIS, objetivou-se estimar as diferenças de cobertura do solo do Pantanal entre os anos de 2003 e 2010, avaliando a capacidade dessas imagens na identificação das mudanças na cobertura do solo da região. O limite de Pantanal adotado foi adaptado de limites consagrados na literatura; o método utilizado para a classificação das imagens foi o da classificação automática não supervisionada. Como resultado foi identificada a diminuição da vegetação arbóreo-arbustiva e o aumento das áreas de gramíneas entre os anos de estudo.
Use of prostheses in lower limb amputee patients due to peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Chamlian Therezinha Rosane
Published: January 2015

Objective To evaluate the indication of prosthesis during rehabilitation and the maintenance of their use or abandonment rate after discharge, as well as mortality of lower limb amputees due to peripheral arterial disease.Methods A retrospective and cross-sectional study carried out with lower limb amputee patients, at transfemoral and transtibial levels, due to vascular conditions. The sample was composed of 310 patients (205 men, 105 women, mean age 61.8 years), transfemoral (142) and transtibial (150) levels, unilateral or bilateral (18). A total of 217 were fitted with prosthesis and 93 did not. Nonparametric statistical tests with equality of two proportions, 95% confidence interval and p value <0,05 were used.Results Out of 195 patients we contacted, 151 were fitted with prosthesis and 44 not. Of those that were fitted with prosthesis, 54 still use it, 80 abandoned and 17 died. In the group without prosthesis, 27 were on wheelchair and 17 died. Mortality is statistically higher among patients who were not fitted with prosthesis and 34 death occur, on average, 3.91 years after amputation. Survival time of patients who were not fitted with prosthesis was smaller than those were fitted.Conclusion The use of prosthesis in lower limb amputees, due to vascular conditions, during rehabilitation is high. However, maintenance of prosthesis is not frequent after discharge. Early and high mortality is observed mainly among diabetic patients.
Effects of home-based respiratory muscle training in children and adolescents with chronic lung disease
Authors: Rodríguez Iván , Zenteno Daniel , Manterola Carlos
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory muscle weakness is a functional repercussion of chronic lung disease (CLD). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of home-based respiratory muscle training (RMT) in children and adolescents with CLD or neuromuscular disease (NMD). METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study involving children and adolescents with CLD or NMD. Before and after 6 months of home-based RMT, we measured respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), PEF, and peak cough flow (PCF). We made statistical comparisons between the pre-RMT and post-RMT values, as well as evaluating the correlation between the duration and effect of RMT. RESULTS: The study included 29 patients, with a mean age of 12 years (range, 5-17 years), of whom 18 (62.1%) were male. The CLD group comprised 11 patients (37.9%), and the NMD group comprised 18 (62.1%). The mean duration of the RMT was 60 weeks (range, 46-90 weeks) in the CLD group and 39 weeks (range, 24-89 weeks) in the NMD group. In comparison with the pre-RMT values, the post-RMT values for MIP and MEP were significantly higher in both groups, whereas those for PEF and PCF were significantly higher only in the NMD group. We found no correlation between the duration and the effect of RMT. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based RMT appears to be an effective strategy for increasing respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with CLD or NMD, although it increased the ability to cough effectively only in those with NMD.
Produtividade de laranja correlacionada com atributos químicos do solo visando a zonas específicas de manejo
Authors: Costa Nídia Raquel , Carvalho Morel de Passos e , Dal Bem Edjair Augusto , Dalchiavon Flávio Carlos , Caldas Rudgen Rodrigues
Published: January 2015

A agricultura de precisão determina o exato manejo da lavoura, tendo como base o mapeamento de zonas específicas de manejo do solo. Assim, tentou-se caracterizar o conceito de zona específica de manejo do solo, pelo emprego de correlações espaciais, usando a cokrigagem ordinária entre a produtividade de laranja Valência e atributos do solo, objetivando selecionar o atributo do solo que mais eficientemente fosse relacionado com o aumento da referida produtividade, em malha geoestatística com 120 pontos amostrais, em 1,65 ha. Os atributos do solo pesquisados foram: P, MO, pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, H++Al3+, S, T e V%. Foram aplicadas aos dados a análise descritiva, correlações de Pearson e análise geoestatística. Assim, a produtividade de laranja resultou em significativas cokrigagens ordinárias, tanto com o pH como com o teor de Mg do solo pesquisado. Essa técnica possibilitou a criação de duas zonas específicas de manejo do pH do solo intimamente associadas à referida produtividade. A obtenção de duas zonas específicas de manejo ratificou a importância da agricultura de precisão, frente ao aumento da produtividade de laranja, pois, mantendo-se as duas zonas específicas de manejo obtidas, a produtividade global da área seria de 16,91 t ha-1. Contudo, proporcionando-se condições ótimas de pH do solo àquela de maior acidez, poder-se-ia obter incremento de 7,58 t ha-1 na produtividade de frutos, alcançando a média global de 24,49 t ha-1.
Germinação de sementes de Physalis angulata L.: estádio de maturação do cálice e forma de armazenamento
Authors: Carvalho Tereza Cristina de , D'Angelo Jessica Welinski de Oliveira , Scariot Gustavo Nunes , Saes Júnior Luiz Alberto , Cuquel Francine Lorena
Published: January 2015

O ponto de colheita de Physalis angulata L., visando à obtenção de frutos para consumo humano, é indicado na literatura. Entretanto, não são estabelecidos critérios de colheita de frutos para a aquisição de sementes. O trabalho objetivou determinar o ponto de colheita de sementes de P. angulata L., de acordo com a coloração do cálice dos frutos, bem como avaliar a viabilidade do seu armazenamento. Para isso, foram colhidos frutos de plantas matrizes, em três estádios de maturação, levando-se em consideração a coloração do cálice (verde, amarelo e amarelo-amarronzado). Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial compreendendo dois tipos de embalagem (saco de papel e recipiente de vidro) e quatro épocas de avaliação (logo após a colheita e aos 45, 90 e 135 dias após o armazenamento - DAA), sendo isolado o fator ambiente de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que sementes de P. angulata devem ser obtidas de frutos com cálice de coloração verde e utilizadas logo após a colheita, uma vez que há perda expressiva na germinação das mesmas, após 45 DAA, tanto em câmara de armazenamento quanto em ambiente refrigerado, independentemente se utilizada embalagem de vidro ou de papel.
Rustificação de mudas de eucalipto via aplicação de ácido salicílico
Authors: Mazzuchelli Eduardo Henrique Lima , Souza Gustavo Maia , Pacheco Ana Cláudia
Published: January 2015

A produtividade agronômica e florestal sofrem restrições impostas pela deficiência hídrica, alta temperatura e alta radiação solar. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar as capacidades de atenuação do estresse e promoção de crescimento da aplicação de ácido salicílico (AS) a mudas de eucalipto (híbrido E. urophylla x E. grandis) submetidas a deficiência hídrica. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x4 (três regimes de irrigação: irrigação constante com 40% (IC40%) ou 100% (IC100%) de reposição diária da água evapotranspirada e suspensão temporária da irrigação com apenas 40% de reposição da água evapotranspirada (S40%); e quatro concentrações de AS: 0 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1, 200 mg L-1 e 300 mg L-1). Foram avaliados parâmetros fotossintéticos das plantas e características biométricas de crescimento. A limitação estomática foi maior nas plantas submetidas ao regime de irrigação S40%, entretanto, a aplicação de AS reverteu esse resultado, permitindo a manutenção do potencial fotossintético. Houve interação entre regimes de irrigação e doses de AS para número de folhas, relação área foliar/ número de folhas e massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de 200 mg L-1 de AS afetou positivamente o crescimento das mudas de eucalipto sob condição de deficiência hídrica, constituindo-se como técnica de manejo auxiliar para o seu processo de rustificação.
Caracterização da variabilidade espacial do índice relativo de clorofila na cultura do trigo
Authors: Pias Osmar Henrique de Castro , Santi Antônio Luis , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Berghetti Juliano , Oliveira Thiago Campos de
Published: January 2015

A aplicação localizada de nitrogênio, baseada no índice relativo de clorofila das folhas, pode proporcionar inúmeros benefícios econômicos e ambientais, no entanto, o conhecimento sobre a metodologia de amostragem ainda é incipiente. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou avaliar o uso de diferentes malhas amostrais na caracterização da variabilidade espacial do índice relativo de clorofila das folhas da cultura do trigo e na confecção de mapas temáticos para a aplicação localizada de nitrogênio. Para determinação do índice relativo de clorofila, utilizou-se clorofilômetro CFL 1030, em uma malha amostral regular de 10 m x 10 m, com 472 pontos amostrais. A partir da malha amostral inicial, pela técnica de eliminação de pontos, realizou-se a simulação da utilização das seguintes malhas: 10 m x 20 m; 20 m x 20 m; 20 m x 30 m; 30 m x 30 m; 30 m x 40 m; e 40 m x 40 m. O aumento da malha amostral promoveu redução na acurácia do diagnóstico do índice relativo de clorofila, nas folhas de trigo. À medida que se aumentou a malha amostral, os mapas tornaram-se mais generalistas e informações da variabilidade espacial do índice relativo de clorofila foram perdidas. Malhas amostrais menores ou iguais a 20 m x 20 m mostraram-se eficazes para a detecção da variabilidade espacial do índice relativo de clorofila em folhas de trigo e para a confecção de mapas temáticos de aplicação localizada de nitrogênio.
Macrophyte biomass predicts food chain length in shallow lakes
Authors: Ziegler Jacob P. , Solomon Christopher T. , Finney Bruce P. , Gregory-Eaves Irene
Published: January 2015

Food chain length provides insights into how ecosystems function and respond to global change. A recent synthesis has shown that food chain length is significantly related to both ecosystem productivity and ecosystem size. Relaxation of energetic constraints on top predators has been advanced as the primary mechanism explaining the importance of ecosystem productivity whereas the significance of ecosystem size may be related to the fact that larger ecosystems provide more refuge that stabilizes intermediate predators. Given that submerged macrophytes in lakes are known to enhance both ecosystem productivity and the amount of available refuge, we hypothesized that food chain lengths, measured as the trophic positions of top predators, would be significantly related to macrophyte biomass. We tested our hypothesis by conducting a field survey of shallow lakes across a strong macrophyte but limited morphometric gradient using a hierarchical mixed effect modeling approach. We determined that macrophyte biomass was positively related to the trophic position of numerous piscivores and to food chain length across lakes. Both lake volume and macrophyte biomass were retained as fixed predictors in our model with lowest AICc, and this model explained 85% of the variation in piscivorous fish trophic positions considering both fixed and random effects (i.e., lake and species‐specific responses to lake volume). Macrophyte biomass explained 29% of the residual variation in food chain length when the effect of lake volume was removed. These results are the first to directly relate macrophyte biomass to piscivore trophic positions and food chain length. We conclude that shallow lakes with higher macrophyte biomass support longer food chains independent of ecosystem size and nutrient concentration. We suggest that loss of macrophytes largely driven by human activities reduces food chain length, with potential consequences for ecosystem function.
Microbially mediated nitrogen retention and loss in a salt marsh soil
Authors: Yang Wendy H. , Traut Bibit H. , Silver Whendee L.
Published: January 2015

Salt marshes currently play an important role as filters for upslope nitrogen (N) inputs. This could change in the future with sea level rise, warming and eutrophication, which are expected to favor monocultures over diverse plant communities. We explored patterns in gross N cycling, dissimilatory nitrate (NO3−) reduction to ammonium (NH4+) (DNRA), and denitrification in a salt marsh soil under two typical redox conditions (aerobic and anaerobic), and in soils under plant communities manipulated to simulate potential future composition (forb and graminoid monocultures). Natural salt marsh soils exhibited high potential gross N mineralization rates, averaging 50.4 ± 5.7 μg N g−1 d−1 under aerobic conditions; rates declined to 23.6 ± 3.4 μg N g−1 d−1 under an N2 headspace. Microbial NH4+ uptake and gross nitrification together accounted for only 14 % of gross N mineralization. Nitrogen retention via DNRA and microbial uptake greatly exceeded N losses via denitrification. Gross nitrification rates were greater in the forb and graminoid monocultures than in the control. This effect may be mediated by the lower plant biomass in the monocultures than in the control, which may have reduced competition between plants and nitrifiers for NH4+. Soil NO3− concentrations and net nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were greatest for the forb monoculture, likely due to higher soil oxygen (O2) concentrations in these plots. Our results suggest that salt marsh soils with a diverse plant community have high potential rates of N mineralization and microbial N retention, and the establishment of forb monocultures could lead to greater ecosystem N losses.
Quantifying land use effects on forested riparian buffer vegetation structure using LiDAR data
Authors: Wasser Leah , Chasmer Laura , Day Rick , Taylor Alan
Published: January 2015

Quantifying variability of forested riparian buffer (FRB) vegetation structure with variation in adjacent land use supports an understanding of how anthropogenic disturbance influences the ability of riparian systems to perform ecosystem services. However, quantifying FRB structure over large regions is a challenge and requires efficient data collection and processing methods that integrate conventional in situ vegetation sampling with remote sensing data. This study uses automated algorithms to process airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for mapping of riparian vegetation height, canopy cover and corridor width along 5,900 transects using methods validated in 80 mensuration plots in central Pennsylvania, USA. The key objective of this study was to use airborne LiDAR data to quantify differences in edge vs interior vegetation structure as influenced by buffer width and adjacent land use type, continuously throughout a watershed. Riparian vegetation height, canopy cover and buffer width were estimated along FRB transects adjacent to developed (residential/commercial and agricultural) and undeveloped (grassland) land use types and compared to reference transects within larger forested areas and thus without an edge. On average, buffers adjacent to developed land use types were narrower than those adjacent to natural, undeveloped land use types. Approximately 50% of streams in the watershed had FRB corridors ≤30 m wide. Only 23% of streams had a corridor width ≥200 m, the width recommended to support key ecosystem services. Undeveloped land use types contained taller riparian vegetation and wider corridors, whereas developed land use types contained shorter riparian vegetation and narrow FRB corridors. Edge effects also affected vegetation structure. Vegetation height was 5–8 m shorter at the interface between the FRB and the adjacent land use (the matrix) than in the naturally occurring stream edge or in the corridor interior. Canopy cover was not influenced by adjacent land use type or width. This study demonstrates that airborne LiDAR data can be used to accurately map riparian buffer vegetation width, height and canopy cover to support ecological based management of riparian corridors over wide areas.
The fire frequency‐severity relationship and the legacy of fire suppression in California forests
Authors: Steel Zachary L. , Safford Hugh D. , Viers Joshua H.
Published: January 2015

Fire is one of the most important natural disturbance processes in the western United States and ecosystems differ markedly with respect to their ecological and evolutionary relationships with fire. Reference fire regimes in forested ecosystems can be categorized along a gradient ranging from “fuel‐limited” to “climate‐limited” where the former types are often characterized by frequent, lower‐severity wildfires and the latter by infrequent, more severe wildfires. Using spatial data on fire severity from 1984–2011 and metrics related to fire frequency, we tested how divergence from historic (pre‐Euroamerican settlement) fire frequencies due to a century of fire suppression influences rates of high‐severity fire in five forest types in California. With some variation among bioregions, our results suggest that fires in forest types characterized by fuel‐limited fire regimes (e.g., yellow pine and mixed conifer forest) tend to burn with greater proportions of high‐severity fire as either time since last fire or the mean modern fire return interval (FRI) increases. Two intermediate fire regime types (mixed evergreen and bigcone Douglas‐fir) showed a similar relationship between fire frequency and fire severity. However, red fir and redwood forests, which are characterized by more climate‐limited fire regimes, did not show significant positive relationships between FRI and fire severity. This analysis provides strong evidence that for fuel‐limited fire regimes, lack of fire leads to increasing rates of high‐severity burning. Our study also substantiates the general validity of “fuel‐limited” vs. “climate‐limited” explanations of differing patterns of fire effects and response in forest types of the western US.
ACL Graft and Contralateral ACL Tear Risk within Ten Years Following Reconstruction
Authors: Magnussen Robert A. , Meschbach Nicole T. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Wright Rick W. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft tear and contralateral ACL injury have devastating effects on patient outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Long-term results after ACL reconstruction are being reported with greater frequency, allowing a detailed analysis of the long-term risk of failure.

Methods:

A systematic review of prospective studies that recorded the risk of ACL graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury following primary ACL reconstruction was performed. All studies included intra-articular ACL reconstruction with modern techniques and patellar tendon or hamstring autograft with a minimum follow-up of ten years.

Results:

Nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall ACL graft rupture risk was 7.9% (211 ruptures in 2682 reconstructions) and ranged from 3.2% to 11.1% in the individual studies. The overall risk of ACL injury in the contralateral limb was 12.5% (335 injuries in 2682 reconstructions) and ranged from 0.6% to 22.7% in the individual studies. Among the seven homogeneous studies that were pooled, the overall risk of a contralateral ACL tear was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30 to 2.04) times that of a graft tear during the follow-up period.

Conclusions:

At a minimum follow-up time of ten years, the risk of contralateral ACL tear significantly exceeds the risk of ACL graft rupture. Further work is necessary to understand and potentially reduce this risk of graft and contralateral ACL tears.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Brief: A PC/Workstation Cluster Computing Environment for Reservoir Engineering Simulation Applications
Authors: Hermes C.E. , Koo John
Published: January 2015

Like the rest of the petroleum industry, Texaco has been transferring its applications and databases from mainframes to PC's and workstations. This transition has been very positive because it provides an environment for integrating applications, increases end-user productivity, and in general reduces overall computing costs. On the down side, the transition typically results in a dramatic increase in workstation purchases and raises concerns regarding the cost and effective management of computing resources in this new environment. The workstation transition also places the user in a Unix computing environment which, to say the least, can be quite frustrating to learn and to use. This paper describes the approach, philosophy, architecture, and current status of the new reservoir engineering/simulation computing environment developed at Texaco's E&P Technology Dept. (EPTD) in Houston. The environment is representative of those under development at several other large oil companies and is based on a cluster of IBM and Silicon Graphics Intl. (SGI) workstations connected by a fiber-optics communications network and engineering PC's connected to local area networks, or Ethernets. Because computing resources and software licenses are shared among a group of users, the new environment enables the company to get more out of its investments in workstation hardware and software.
Integrated interrelationship of sewage sludges with absorbing complex of river Miass drainage area
Authors: Dzhenis Y. A. , Tuber I. I.
Published: January 2015

Soil is a powerful and active absorber of many substances, assumes the pressure of industrial and municipal emissions and waste, and performs the important role of a buffer and a detoxicant. It accumulates heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons and other chemical polluting substances and due to the soil absorbing complex (SAC) strongly captures and protects natural waters and the atmosphere from harm. Applying sewage sludges in our research will enable us to strengthen the capacity of SAC and to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals when they enter a reservoir via a drain from anthropogenically polluted territory.