bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generating change through collective impact and systems science for childhood obesity prevention: The GenR8 Change case study
Authors: Bolton Kristy A. , Fraser Penny , Lowe Janette , Moodie Marj , Bell Colin , Strugnell Claudia , Hayward Josh , McGlashan Jaimie , Millar Lynne , Whelan Jillian , Brown Andrew , Allender Steven
Published: May 2022

Background

Community-based interventions have shown promise in reducing childhood overweight and obesity. However, they have been critiqued for using linear logic models. Participatory community-based systems approaches are posited as addressing the complexity of non-linear relationships in a local context. Community members are empowered to understand and describe obesity causation, identify and prioritise possible solutions. The application of such approaches to childhood obesity is in its infancy.

Aim

To describe the first 12 months of a participatory whole-of-community systems approach to creating collective action to tackle childhood obesity, called GenR8 Change, in a local government area of Victoria, Australia.

Methods

Three group model building (GMB) sessions focused on the development of a causal loop diagram (CLD), prioritised evidence-informed actions, and developed implementation strategies. The collective impact framework underpinned the approach, with a local backbone group supporting community members to implement prioritised actions.

Results

The first two GMB sessions included 20 key community leaders where a CLD examining the factors contributing to childhood obesity in the community was constructed and refined (22 variables GMB1, 53 variables GMB2). In the third session, 171 members of the wider community further refined the CLD, identified priorities for childhood obesity prevention (72 variables in final CLD). One-hundred and thirteen individuals signed up across 13 working groups to plan and implement 53 prioritised actions. Agreed community actions included creating sugar free zones; developing healthy policies; increasing breastfeeding rates; improving drinking water access; and increasing physical activity options. Twelve months post-GMB3, 115 actions had been implemented.

Conclusion

GenR8 Change is one of the first communities to apply systems thinking to childhood obesity prevention. Knowledge on how to collectively identify relevant leverage points to tackle childhood obesity can now be shared with other communities.
Covariate adjustment of spirometric and smoking phenotypes: The potential of neural network models
Authors: Voorhies Kirsten , Bie Ruofan , Hokanson John E. , Weiss Scott T. , Chen Wu Ann , Hecker Julian , Hahn Georg , Demeo Dawn L. , Silverman Edwin , Cho Michael H. , Lange Christoph , Lutz Sharon M.
Published: May 2022

To increase power and minimize bias in statistical analyses, quantitative outcomes are often adjusted for precision and confounding variables using standard regression approaches. The outcome is modeled as a linear function of the precision variables and confounders; however, for many complex phenotypes, the assumptions of the linear regression models are not always met. As an alternative, we used neural networks for the modeling of complex phenotypes and covariate adjustments. We compared the prediction accuracy of the neural network models to that of classical approaches based on linear regression. Using data from the UK Biobank, COPDGene study, and Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), we examined the features of neural networks in this context and compared them with traditional regression approaches for prediction of three outcomes: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), age at smoking cessation, and log transformation of age at smoking cessation (due to age at smoking cessation being right-skewed). We used mean squared error to compare neural network and regression models, and found the models performed similarly unless the observed distribution of the phenotype was skewed, in which case the neural network had smaller mean squared error. Our results suggest neural network models have an advantage over standard regression approaches when the phenotypic distribution is skewed. However, when the distribution is not skewed, the approaches performed similarly. Our findings are relevant to studies that analyze phenotypes that are skewed by nature or where the phenotype of interest is skewed as a result of the ascertainment condition.
Feasibility testing of the Inspired Therapeutics NeoMate mechanical circulatory support system for neonates and infants
Authors: Monreal Gretel , Koenig Steven C. , Slaughter Mark S. , Morello Gino F. , Prina Steven R. , Tompkins Landon H. , Huang Jiapeng , Gellman Barry N. , Dasse Kurt A.
Published: May 2022

Inspired Therapeutics (Merritt Island, FL) is developing a mechanical circulatory support (MCS) system designed as a single driver with interchangeable, extracorporeal, magnetically levitated pumps. The NeoMate system design features an integrated centrifugal rotary pump, motor, and controller that will be housed in a single compact unit. Conceptually, the primary innovation of this technology will be the combination of disposable, low-cost pumps for use with a single, multi-functional, universal controller to support multiple pediatric cardiopulmonary indications. In response to the paucity of clinically available pediatric devices, Inspired Therapeutics is specifically targeting the underserved neonate and infant heart failure (HF) patient population first. In this article, we present the development of the prototype Inspired Therapeutics NeoMate System for pediatric left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, and feasibility testing in static mock flow loops (H-Q curves), dynamic mock flow loops (hemodynamics), and in an acute healthy ovine model (hemodynamics and clinical applicability). The resultant hydrodynamic and hemodynamic data demonstrated the ability of this prototype pediatric LVAD and universal controller to function over a range of rotary pump speeds (500–6000 RPM), to provide pump flow rates of up to 2.6 L/min, and to volume unload the left ventricle in acute animals. Key engineering challenges observed and proposed solutions for the next design iteration are also presented.
Seven-month-old infants detect symmetrical structures in multi-featured abstract visual patterns
Authors: de la Cruz-Pavía Irene , Westphal-Fitch Gesche , Fitch W. Tecumseh , Gervain Judit
Published: May 2022

The present study investigated 7-month-old infants’ ability to perceive structural symmetry in mosaic-like abstract visual patterns. We examined infants’ (n = 98) spontaneous looking behaviour to mosaic-like sequences with symmetrical and asymmetrical structures. Sequences were composed of square tiles from two categories that differed in their colour scheme and internal shape. We manipulated sequence length (3 or 5 tiles) and abstractness of the symmetry (token vs. category level). The 7-month-olds discriminated structurally symmetrical from asymmetrical mosaics in the first half of the test phase (first 8 trials). Sequence length, level of symmetry, or number of unique tiles per sequence did not significantly modulate infants’ looking behaviour. These results suggest that very young infants detect differences in structural symmetry in multi-featured visual patterns.
A new perspective when examining maize fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency, incrementally
Authors: Kitchen Newell R. , Ransom Curtis J. , Schepers James S. , Hatfield Jerry L. , Massey Raymond , Drummond Scott T.
Published: May 2022

For maize (Zea mays L.), nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is often summarized from field to global scales using average N use efficiency (NUE). But expressing NUE as averages is misleading because grain increase to added N diminishes near optimal yield. Thus, environmental risks increase as economic benefits decrease. Here, we use empirical datasets obtained in North America of maize grain yield response to N fertilizer (n = 189) to create and interpret incremental NUE (iNUE), or the change in NUE with change in N fertilization. We show for those last units of N applied to reach economic optimal N rate (EONR) iNUE for N removed with the grain is only about 6%. Conversely stated, for those last units of N applied over 90% is either lost to the environment during the growing season, remains as inorganic soil N that too may be lost after the growing season, or has been captured within maize stover and roots or soil organic matter pools. Results also showed iNUE decrease averaged 0.63% for medium-textured soils and 0.37% for fine-textured soils, attributable to fine-textured soils being more predisposed to denitrification and/or lower mineralization. Further analysis demonstrated the critical nature growing season water amount and distribution has on iNUE. Conditions with too much rainfall and/or uneven rainfall produced low iNUE. Producers realize this from experience, and it is uncertain weather that largely drives insurance fertilizer additions. Nitrogen fertilization creating low iNUE is environmentally problematic. Our results show that with modest sub-EONR fertilization and minor forgone profit, average NUE improvements of ~10% can be realized. Further, examining iNUE creates unique perspective and ideas for how to improve N fertilizer management tools, educational programs, and public policies and regulations.
Differences in levels of E. coli contamination of point of use drinking water in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md. Masud , Hoque Zahirul , Kabir Enamul , Hossain Shahadut
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to quantify the inequalities and identify the associated factors of the UN sustainable development goal (SDG) targets in relation to safe drinking water. The concentration of the gut bacterium Escherichia coli in drinking water at the point of use (POU) and other information were extracted from the latest wave of the nationally representative Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 2019). Bivariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify potential predictors of contamination, whereas, classification trees were used to determine specific combinations of background characteristics with significantly higher rates of contamination. A higher risk of contamination from drinking water was observed for households categorized as middle or low wealth who collected water from sources with higher concentrations of E. coli. Treatment of drinking water significantly reduced the risk of higher levels of contamination, whereas owning a pet was significantly associated with recontamination. Regional differences in the concentrations of E. coli present in drinking water were also observed. Interventions in relation to water sources should emphasize reducing the level of E. coli contamination. Our results may help in developing effective policies for reducing diarrheal diseases by reducing water contamination risks.
Maize productivity and soil nutrients variations by the application of vermicompost and biochar
Authors: Dawar Khadim , Khan Ahtesham , Mian Ishaq Ahmad , Khan Bushra , Ali Shamsher , Ahmad Sagheer , Szulc Piotr , Fahad Shah , Datta Rahul , Hatamleh Ashraf Atef , Al-Dosary Munirah Abdullah , Danish Subhan
Published: May 2022

Poor soil organic matter is one of the major causes of the deterioration of soil health. Most soils fertility is also decreased when enough organic carbon is not present in the soil. Maize is most susceptible to this poor soil fertility status. A significant amount of maize growth and yield is lost when it is cultivated in low organic matter and poor fertility soil. To overcome this issue organic amendments can play an imperative role. Biochar and vermicompost are organic amendments that can not only improve organic residues but also increase soil nutrient concentration. The current experiment was conducted to explore the sole and combined application of both organic amendments with recommended NPK fertilizer. Four treatments were tested i.e., control, biochar (BC1), vermicompost (VC1) and VC1+BC1 with and without nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the experiment. Results showed that VC1+BC1+NPK performed significantly best for improvement in maize plant height (6.25 and 3.00%), 1000 grains weight (30.48 and 29.40%), biological yield (18.86 and 43.12%) and grains yield (30.58 and 39.59%) compared to BC0+VC0+NPK and control respectively. A significant improvement in soil N, P and K also validated the efficacious role of VC1+BC1+NPK over BC0+VC0+NPK and control. Treatment VC1+BC1+NPK is recommended for the achievement of better maize growth and yield in poor organic matter soils. More investigations are suggested in variable climatic conditions to declare VC1+BC1+NPK as the best amendment compared to control for enhancing soil N, P and K status as well as maize productivity.
Suicidal behavior and associated factors among prisoners in Dilla town, Dilla, Ethiopia 2020: An institutional based cross-sectional study
Authors: Habtamu Endashaw , Desalegn Defaru
Published: May 2022

Background

Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and is a psychiatric emergency. Among prisoners, it is the leading cause of death compared to the general population. However, suicide in prison is a neglected public health issue especially in middle- and low-income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among prisoners in Dilla Town Correctional Center, South Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross- sectional study was conducted from May13- June 13, 2020 in the Dilla Town Correctional Center. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 650 prisoners. Data were collected by face-to—to-face interview. Suicidal ideation and attempts were assessed by using the suicidality module of World Mental Health survey initiative version of the World Health Organization composite International diagnostic interview. Data were coded, entered with EP-data version 3.1, and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 24. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the significant association between explanatory variables and outcome variables at 95% CI.

The results

The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners were 21.9% (95%CI, 18.4–25.2) and 13.1% (95%CI, 10.6–15.8), respectively. Female sex [(AOR) = 2.6, 95%CI, (1.39, 8.2)], divorced/widowed [AOR = 3.67, 95%CI, (2.05, 6.58)], family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.49, 95%CI, (1.41, 4.38)], common mental disorder [AOR = 1.98, 95%CI, (1.25, 3.16)] and poor social support [AOR = 2.68, 95%CI, (1.42, 5.06)] were statistically associated with suicidal ideation. Whereas, female sex [AOR = 3.24, 95%CI, (1.89, 9.4)], previous incarceration [AOR = 2.38, 95%CI, (1.2, 5.16)], and family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.08, 95%CI, (1.11, 3.9)] were associated with suicide attempt.

Conclusion

The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among prisoners were high. The special attention in early screening and treatment of suicide among prisoners and collaborating with health institutions is important for better management and prevention.
Long-term obesogenic diet leads to metabolic phenotypes which are not exacerbated by catch-up growth in zebrafish
Authors: Leibold Sandra , Bagivalu Lakshminarasimha Amrutha , Gremse Felix , Hammerschmidt Matthias , Michel Maximilian
Published: May 2022

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are of increasing global concern. In order to understand the basic biology and etiology of obesity, research has turned to animals across the vertebrate spectrum including zebrafish. Here, we carefully characterize zebrafish in a long-term obesogenic environment as well as zebrafish that went through early lifetime caloric restriction. We found that long-term obesity in zebrafish leads to metabolic endpoints comparable to mammals including increased adiposity, weight, hepatic steatosis and hepatic lesions but not signs of glucose dysregulation or differences in metabolic rate or mitochondrial function. Malnutrition in early life has been linked to an increased likelihood to develop and an exacerbation of metabolic syndrome, however fish that were calorically restricted from five days after fertilization until three to nine months of age did not show signs of an exacerbated phenotype. In contrast, the groups that were shifted later in life from caloric restriction to the obesogenic environment did not completely catch up to the long-term obesity group by the end of our experiment. This dataset provides insight into a slowly exacerbating time-course of obesity phenotypes.
Mechanical properties of emulsified recycled cement-stabilized macadam based on step-by-step filling gradation design
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Li Chenhui , Sun Tao , Wang Liangliang
Published: May 2022

Since the recycling of waste original cement-stabilized macadam (OCSM) base has important environmental and economic significance, the addition of emulsified asphalt to OCSM to form emulsified recycled OCSM (ER-OCSM) can improve the flexibility of recycled mixtures. However, the influence of emulsified asphalt on the mechanical performance of such mixtures remains to be investigated. This study presents a gradation design and ER-OCSM established using the step-by-step filling method and investigated the mechanical properties of the ER-OCSM mixture. The apparent characteristics, crushing value and needle-like particle content of the OCSM milling material were tested. Based on step-by-step filling theory, the appropriate test method to achieve a uniform and dense state according to the characteristics of different aggregates was selected, and the dense skeleton gradation design method for recycled cement macadam was obtained. The mechanical properties of the ER-OCSM were analyzed by performing indoor physical laboratory tests. The natural gradation of the OCSM milling material exceeded the gradation range recommended in the Technical Guide for the Promotion of Science and Technology of the Construction Project of the Main Highway in Jiangsu Province (Trial), but the designed gradations were basically within the range. At the same age and temperature, the flexural strength and dynamic elastic modulus of the ER-OCSM decreased gradually with an increase in the emulsified asphalt content. Because ER-OCSM had temperature-sensitive characteristics, the adhesiveness of the asphalt between particles in the mixture decreased with increasing temperature, which was manifested as the unconfined compressive strength, flexural tensile strength and dynamic elastic modulus decreasing with an increase in temperature (the decrease was slight within 5–25°C but noticeable within 25–60°C). Furthermore, a higher emulsified asphalt content caused a more noticeable decrease. The flexural strength of the tested ER-OCSM showed noticeable correlations with the splitting strength, unconfined compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus. The proper addition of emulsified asphalt can reduce the rigidity of ER-OCSM. However, the emulsified asphalt content should be strictly controlled; otherwise, the mechanical properties of the material will decrease greatly, adversely impacting the comprehensive road use performance.
Neuroprotective role of nitric oxide inhalation and nitrite in a Neonatal Rat Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
Authors: Jung Peter , Ha Euntaik , Zhang Meijuan , Fall Carolyn , Hwang Mindy , Taylor Emily , Stetkevich Samuel , Bhanot Aditi , Wilson Christopher G. , Figueroa Johnny D. , Obenaus Andre , Bragg Shannon , Tone Beatriz , Eliamani Saburi , Holshouser Barbara , Blood Arlin B. , Liu Taiming
Published: May 2022

Background

There is evidence from various models of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) that nitric oxide (NO) is protective. We hypothesized that either inhaled NO (iNO) or nitrite would alleviate brain injury in neonatal HII via modulation of mitochondrial function.

Methods

We tested the effects of iNO and nitrite on the Rice-Vannucci model of HII in 7-day-old rats. Brain mitochondria were isolated for flow cytometry, aconitase activity, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Seahorse assays.

Results

Pretreatment of pups with iNO decreased survival in the Rice-Vannucci model of HII, while iNO administered post-insult did not. MRI analysis demonstrated that pre-HII iNO at 40 ppm and post-HII iNO at 20 ppm decreased the brain lesion sizes from 6.3±1.3% to 1.0±0.4% and 1.8±0.8%, respectively. Intraperitoneal nitrite at 0.165 μg/g improved neurobehavioral performance but was harmful at higher doses and had no effect on brain infarct size. NO reacted with complex IV at the heme a3 site, decreased the oxidative stress of mitochondria challenged with anoxia and reoxygenation, and suppressed mitochondrial oxygen respiration.

Conclusions

This study suggests that iNO administered following neonatal HII may be neuroprotective, possibly via its modulation of mitochondrial function.
Cardiovascular disease protein biomarkers are associated with kidney function: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Keshawarz Amena , Hwang Shih-Jen , Lee Gha Young , Yu Zhi , Yao Chen , Köttgen Anna , Levy Daniel
Published: May 2022

Background

Biomarkers common to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may reflect early impairments underlying both diseases.

Methods

We evaluated associations of 71 CVD-related plasma proteins measured in 2,873 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort participants with cross-sectional continuous eGFR and with longitudinal change in eGFR from baseline to follow-up (ΔeGFR). We also evaluated the associations of the 71 CVD proteins with the following dichotomous secondary outcomes: prevalent CKD stage ≥3 (cross-sectional), new-onset CKD stage ≥3 (longitudinal), and rapid decline in eGFR (longitudinal). Proteins significantly associated with eGFR and ΔeGFR were subsequently validated in 3,951 FHS Third Generation cohort participants and were tested using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to infer putatively causal relations between plasma protein biomarkers and kidney function.

Results

In cross-sectional analysis, 37 protein biomarkers were significantly associated with eGFR at FDR<0.05 in the FHS Offspring cohort and 20 of these validated in the FHS Third Generation cohort at p<0.05/37. In longitudinal analysis, 27 protein biomarkers were significantly associated with ΔeGFR at FDR<0.05 and 12 of these were validated in the FHS Third Generation cohort at p<0.05/27. Additionally, 35 protein biomarkers were significantly associated with prevalent CKD, five were significantly associated with new-onset CKD, and 17 were significantly associated with rapid decline in eGFR. MR suggested putatively causal relations of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM; -0.011±0.003 mL/min/1.73m2, p = 5.11E-5) and epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1; -0.006±0.002 mL/min/1.73m2, p = 0.0001) concentration with eGFR.

Discussion/conclusions

Eight protein biomarkers were consistently associated with eGFR in cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in both cohorts and may capture early kidney impairment; others were implicated in association and causal inference analyses. A subset of CVD protein biomarkers may contribute causally to the pathogenesis of kidney impairment and should be studied as targets for CKD treatment and early prevention.
The scrapbook as repurposed and transplanted illustration: The ABCs of medieval alphabet compilations in nineteenth-century England
Authors: Mathews Jana
Published: May 2022

The so-called Gothic Revival long has been viewed as a mode of resistance to the mechanization and mass production of culture wrought by industrialization. Throughout the nineteenth century, society’s nostalgic longing for the distant past manifests itself in the form of medieval-inspired art, architecture, theatre, fashion and interior design. It also involves the uniquely contemporaneous literary fad of extracting illuminated letters (elaborately decorated initials) from parchment bibles, books of hours and other medieval religious texts, and reassembling them into handmade alphabet scrapbooks. Using illustrative cases in point, this article examines how certain medieval alphabet scrapbooks operate in the service of British nationalism by embodying nationalist identity and values.
Building a community-based alliance: A communities-of-practice perspective from Ireland
Authors: Stephens Simon , Cunningham Isobel , McLaughlin Christopher
Published: May 2022

Community organizations work on the frontline supported by local authorities, development agencies and higher education institutions. However, their actions have been curtailed by a reduction in funding over the last ten years and there is evidence of underlying structural challenges. The high levels of small community decline challenge us to develop new insights into the causes of failure and develop innovative approaches to growth. In this article, we adopt a communities of practice perspective to explore the formation of a community-based alliance in Ireland. Data were collected during a series of focus groups with community stakeholders. We argue that intense collaboration that cuts across institutional domains is required. Therefore, community-based alliances should form a key part of rural (re)development by providing opportunities for knowledge sharing, peer learning and mutual support. We propose a conceptual framework that illustrates the benefits of a structured and coordinated approach.
Development of university–industry interactions for knowledge-based economy in Nigeria
Authors: Alkali Usman
Published: May 2022

This article is predicated on university–industry interaction as a precursor for knowledge-based economic development in Nigeria. It is a preparatory pilot study for full-fledged Ph.D. research, highlighting the collaboration within two universities and six knowledge-intensive firms. The firms are software and hardware development companies located in Maiduguri and Kano, both in Northern Nigeria. A conceptual framework was designed based on the national innovation system (NIS) to measure the intensity of the collaboration, possible innovation output and knowledge flow between the universities and industry. Findings show a limited partnership due to factors inhibiting the relationships, such as communication problems, trust issues, lack of motivation, different orientations of the organizations and different research orientations.
University–industry linkages, enabling policies and innovative behaviours of universities in Nigeria
Authors: Dutse A. Y. , Bayero Muhammed M. , Musa Kabiru I. , Jibrin Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Nigeria has long recognized the significance of university–industry linkage (UIL) not only as a critical driver in promoting the country’s science, technology and innovation agenda (STI) but also as a determinant of its global competitiveness in terms of economic development. Experts have reasoned that universities in Nigeria can serve as catalysts by performing their primary function of teaching and carrying out basic and applied research as well as conducting community services. This goal can be effectively achieved if the partnership is being facilitated by a robust enabling policy environment (EPE). It is in light of this that this study was conducted to assess the effect of UIL on innovative behaviour of universities, mediated by EPE within the context of national STI system of Nigeria. The study was built on the theoretical basis of the Triple Helix framework. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on Nigerian universities’ senior academics and officers, spreading across six geopolitical zones, serving as clusters for data collection. Composite index approach was used to determine the level of association and causality while Andrew F. Hayes’s process was used to measure the mediation effects among the study variables. The results show the existence of a positive correlation among the variables as well as that of causality and mediation. Policy-makers should encourage collaborations among players from both streams by providing an enabling environment that would foster innovation, transfer and the commercialization of knowledge.
Causa de la Fundación de las Escuelas, de Mār Barḥadbšabbā' 'Arbāyā': Traducción anotada y estudio del léxico educativo sobre la escuela de Nísibis
Authors: García González Vega María
Published: May 2022

La Escuela de Nísibis fue una institución educativa cristiana oriental de tradición lingüística aramea que estuvo en funcionamiento entre los siglos V y IX d.C. en la actual Nusaybin, ciudad del sureste de Turquía. Durante su apogeo, en el siglo VI d.C., se convirtió en el centro formativo cristiano más importante de su época, donde se instruyó a la mayor parte de la jerarquía de la Iglesia oriental siguiendo un método pedagógico basado en la especialización de la enseñanza por materias, que incluía la redacción de trabajos de exégesis bíblica según el método histórico-literal antioqueno y la traducción de obras científicas griegas al arameo tardío oriental. Causa de la Fundación de las Escuelas es una de las fuentes primarias conservadas actualmente sobre la Escuela de Nísibis, escrita en arameo tardío oriental por Mār Barḥadbšabbā’ ‘Arbāyā’ a finales del siglo VI d.C. En esta obra, el autor expone las bases de la institución tanto pedagógicas, explicando el método pedagógico, como teológicas, justificando la posición de la Escuela como heredera de la tradición educativa que Dios inició con Adán como su discípulo. Esta tesis doctoral presenta la traducción a la lengua española de esta obra sumamente relevante para el estudio sobre el mundo arameoparlante durante la Antigüedad Tardía, poniéndola a disposición de los investigadores hispanohablantes de este campo. Además, se complementa con un análisis del método pedagógico implementado en el centro, modelo que siglos después siguieron otras instituciones educativas de diferentes tradiciones en otras partes del mundo.
Inverted Meckel's Diverticulum Masquerading as a Subepithelial Tumor of the Ileum
Authors: Noubani Mohammad , Bhan Rohit , Ghani Nimra , Materum Pons , Glazer Emily , Georgakis Georgios , Buscaglia Jonathan M.
Published: May 2022

We describe a case of an inverted Meckel's diverticulum presenting as an intraluminal subepithelial lesion on intraoperative enteroscopy. A 53-year-old woman presented with chronic iron deficiency anemia unresponsive to escalating iron supplementation. After equivocal upper and lower endoscopy and negative cross-sectional imaging, capsule endoscopy suggested a submucosal mass lesion in the proximal ileum. Antegrade double-balloon enteroscopy was unsuccessful in reaching the lesion. A large pedunculated, submucosal-appearing lesion was finally identified on intraoperative enteroscopy. The mass was surgically resected, and final pathology confirmed an inverted Meckel's diverticulum.
Rethinking Heritage for Sustainable Development
Authors: Labadi Sophia
Published: May 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN in 2015 have influenced the actions of international and intergovernmental organisations and governments around the world, and have dictated priorities for international aid spending. Culture, including heritage, is often presented as fundamental to addressing the SDGs: since 2010, the United Nations has adopted no fewer than five major policy recommendations that assert its importance as a driver and enabler of development. Yet, heritage is marginalized from the Sustainable Development Goals. Rethinking Heritage for Sustainable Development constitutes a substantial and original assessment of whether and how heritage has contributed to three key dimensions of sustainable development (namely poverty reduction, gender equality and environmental sustainability) within the context of its marginalisation from the Sustainable Development Goals and from previous international development agendas. Sophia Labadi adopts a novel, inclusive, large-scale and systematic approach, providing the first comprehensive history of the international approaches on culture (including heritage) for development, from 1970 to the present day. This book is also the first to assess the negative and positive impacts of all the international projects implemented in sub-Saharan Africa by a consortium of UN organisations that aimed to provide evidence for the contribution of heritage for development in time for the negotiation of the SDGs. The book’s conclusions provide recommendations for rethinking heritage for development, while reflecting on the major shortcomings of the selected projects.
Enseigner l’enquête de terrain au Sénégal
Authors: Mondain Nathalie , Goudiaby Jean-Alain , Jacquemin Mélanie
Published: May 2022

À partir de l’expérience d’un cours d’initiation à la recherche de terrain en sciences sociales, cet article présente l’enseignement de la méthodologie de l’enquête de terrain comme une combinaison de connaissances scientifiques et disciplinaires (travail collaboratif), de pratiques socialement situées et d’une capacité adaptative. La réflexivité, comme démarche critique envers les données existantes ou produites, devient constructive, en ce qu’elle permet le partage des expériences liées à la progression dans les apprentissages scientifiques et empiriques. La posture réflexive permet ainsi de questionner ses propres cadres de référence en lien avec les conditions de production des données, ici dans un contexte de rapports Nord/Sud, et de se donner les moyens de saisir la réalité sociale dans sa complexité. Le vécu concret du terrain devient un moyen essentiel dans l’accompagnement des étudiant·e·s en permettant de développer des compétences de savoir-faire tout en éprouvant leur savoir-être. Il appartient alors aux enseignant·e·s de les préparer à se laisser surprendre par le terrain tant dans ses aspects fascinants que déroutants.
Enseigner l’enquête de terrain en milieu universitaire : une sortie dans le monde
Authors: Schaut Christine , Woitchik Juliette
Published: May 2022

Cet article est issu d’une expérience pédagogique menée durant trois années par les deux autrices dans le cadre d’un cours de méthodes de terrain présent dans le cursus universitaire de sciences sociales, politiques et de communication dans une université de la Belgique francophone. Après avoir rapidement tracé le contexte institutionnel dans lequel il s’inscrit et le profil sociologique des étudiant·e·s, l’article se propose, dans un premier temps, d’exposer les contraintes tant organisationnelles, contextuelles qu’épistémologiques auxquelles l’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain a été confronté. Ensuite, il détaille les tactiques mises en place par les enseignantes pour tenter, sinon de les résoudre, du moins de les contourner. Si ces dernières épousent l’inventivité et les capacités d’adaptation de l’enquête de terrain, qui doit toujours composer avec les incertitudes, une lecture plus critique en révèle aussi toute la fragilité et invite à repenser les conditions d’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain.
Topiramate and Acetazolamide Combination a Comparative Study between High and Low Dose Profile of Side Effects on Metabolism
Authors: Kamil Mohammad A.S. , Nawfal Ahmed Jasim , Mahmood Anmar Shukr
Published: May 2022

Background: Topiramate, with multiple putative anticonvulsant pathways, is a relatively recent antiepileptic drug. The ability to inhibit carbonic anhydrase, a property common with the acetazolamide anticonvulsant, is among them. Aim: The study refers to compare between the use of combinations of topiramate and acetazolamide high and low doses of drugs and which one is safer for the patients. Methods: Twenty stable adult males wistar rats three weeks after acclimatization and uniformly split into two groups (10 rats in each group) and 60 days of treatment: 9 mg/kg/B.W of Topiramate and 30 mg/kg/B.W of Acetazolamide in the high dose (Hd) group and 5 mg/kg B.W of Topiramate and 30 mg/kg B.W of Acetazolamide in the low dose (Ld) group, orally/day in the high dose (Hd) group. Results: No major differences in mean Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase concentration were found in the statistical analysis of the results in all experimental groups compared with each other at the pretreated period, also revealed that intubation of rats in the 60-days Hd induced a substantial (P>0.05) rise in the mean Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase and Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase serum concentrations relative to the control and Ld classes. Treatment of low-dose rats showed a substantial (P<0.05) decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine enzyme concentrations at 30 and 60 days of the trial compared with the T1 group. Conclusion: The study showed that high-dose combinations of topiramate and acetazolamide had the same adverse effect somewhat in low-dose combinations.
Chemosensor Strip from Kepok Banana Bracts Extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) for Detection of Tuna Freshness
Authors: Sugiarto Joana , Fatmasari Zayyani Trianti , Lestari Sugiyani Puji , Purwono Bambang
Published: May 2022

Anthocyanins as chemosensory compounds for amines have been tested in this study. Because anthocyanins are sensitive to pH changes, while amines have an alkaline nature, they can cause structural changes in anthocyanins, resulting in changes in the color of anthocyanins. The source of anthocyanins was the Kepok banana bracts (Musa paradisiaca L.), which were extracted using a mixture of ethanol:HCl 0.15% (3:2). The types of anthocyanin compounds were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The anthocyanin content obtained varied from 1.26 mg/100 g to 5.08 mg/100 g. The type of anthocyanin in the Kepok banana bracts was found as a cyanidin-3-rutinoside with maximum absorption at 513 nm at pH 1. The color of anthocyanin extract varied with changes in pH; it turned red in acid and faded in neutral solutions. The green color in the alkaline solution changes to brownish-yellow was associated with anthocyanin degradation. The color change at different pH indicates that banana bracts are regarded as a potential chemosensory compound to detect tuna freshness. The chemosensor was applied to a cellulose-based strip and exhibited a color change that corresponded to the increase in pH and was comparable to the results of the pH meter measurement. The structural changes of anthocyanin before and after the tuna freshness test were identified by the FTIR-ATR, indicating a change in the anthocyanin structure. Tuna freshness began to diminish after being stored for 12 and 24 hours at room temperature, marked by a color change of the paper strip to colorless and blackish gray.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Test of Green Synthetic ZnO Nanoparticles Using Avocado (Persea americana) Seed Extract
Authors: Saridewi Nanda , Adinda Adelian Risa , Nurbayti Siti
Published: May 2022

The ability of cotton fabrics to absorb water creates several problems, such as providing an environment for bacterial growth. Antibacterial properties of textiles can be conducted by coating with nanoparticles with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO via green process nanoparticles using avocado seed extract (Persea americana), then characterize and evaluate its antibacterial activity on cotton fabrics. This research began with extracting avocado seed powder with distilled water. Then the avocado seed extract was mixed with Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O and heated in a water bath at 70°C. The mixture was stirred while NaOH was added until the mixture reached pH 7, 8, and 9. The FTIR measurement of the avocado seed extract showed the presence of free hydroxyl and amino groups that act as reducing agents, capping agents, and stabilizers in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The XRD pattern of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was hexagonal. The SEM results showed that the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles was spherical, with a particle size of 19.965 nm. Antibacterial activity was carried out on the cotton cloth coated with ZnO nanoparticles, resulting in an inhibition zone of 1.8 cm against E. coli and 1.97 cm against S. aureus bacteria. This study result indicated that ZnO nanoparticles have antibacterial activity by producing inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus.
A Survey on Quantum cryptography versus classical Cryptography
Authors: Dubey Praveer , Yadav Ompal
Published: May 2022

Quantum Cryptography is an approach to securing communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics.
Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum
cryptography is focused on the physics of information. The development of quantum cryptography was motivated by
the short-comings of classical cryptographic methods, which can be classified as either public-key or secret-key
Methods. There are classical solutions to insecure communication all rely on making some or assumption, about the
computational power of a cheater, about the number of cheaters, or something of this kind. Based on quantum key
distribution, one might hope that a quantum computer might allow us to weaken or remove these assumptions.
Experimental Study of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Corn Starch as Fluid Loss Additives in Oil-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Abro Faisal Najam , Tunio Abdul Haque , Zubair Muhammad , Hullio Imran , Kuber Sohail , Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Fluid loss is one of the biggest problems faced by the drilling engineers; the drilling fluids invades in the formation
resulting in the fluid loss, which increases the overall cost of the drilling. The objective of this study is to use
biodegradable natural ingredients as fluid loss additives in oil-based mud as the industrial based polymers which are
normally used as fluid loss agents are highly expensive. In this study, corn starch and sugarcane bagasse ash were used
at 1, 3, 5, and 7% wt./wt. separately as fluid loss additive in Oil-based mud. The drilling mud mixed with 1% of SCBA
yielded the best result for fluid loss. Similarly, corn starch at 1% wt./wt. exhibited the best fluid loss characteristics.
However, their effect on other mud properties was; plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point, and gel strength
increased with increasing the concentration whereas, they have no or little effect on pH and mud weight.
Spectral discretization of the time-dependent Navier-Stokes problem with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine
Published: May 2022

In this work, we handle a time-dependent Navier-Stokes problem in dimension three with a mixed boundary conditions. The variational formulation is written considering three independent unknowns: vorticity, velocity, and pressure. We use the backward Euler scheme for time discretization and the spectral method for space discretization. We present a complete numerical analysis linked to this variational formulation, which leads us to a priori error estimate.
Study on the genetic damage caused by cadmium sulfide quantum dots in human lymphocytes
Authors: Liu Haiping , Liu Huajie , Liu Haiyan , Zhang Duo , Wang Qian , Li Shuang , Cao Yanhua , Li Qingzhao
Published: May 2022

Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are being developed for sensors, fluorescent probes, and other platforms and are attracting increasing attention. Given the growing demand for QDs, it is clear that there is a need to understand their potential toxicity to organisms. However, little is known regarding the genotoxicity of CdS QDs to humans. Therefore, this study used CdS QDs as the research object, cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and randomly divided them into a control group, CdS I group (CdS QDs), and CdS II group (CdS QDs coated with thioglycolic acid). After cultivation, we measured the olive tail distance, tail length, tail DNA%, lymphocyte micronucleus rate, and aneuploid rate. The comet test results indicated that the indices of the QD group were significantly larger than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests showed that the lymphocyte micronucleus rate and chromosome aneuploid rate in the QD group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, CdS QDs have certain genotoxicity to human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the DNA damage caused by CdS QDs encapsulated with thioglycolic acid is less severe than that caused by nonencapsulated CdS QDs.
Low-Regularity Integrator for the Davey–Stewartson System: Elliptic-Elliptic Case
Authors: Ning Cui , Wang Yaohong
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a first-order low-regularity integrator for the Davey–Stewartson system in the elliptic-elliptic case.
It only requires the boundedness of one additional derivative of the solution to be first-order convergent.
By rigorous error analysis, we show that the scheme provides first-order accuracy in

H
γ

⁢

(

T
d

)

H^{\gamma}(\mathbb{T}^{d})

for rough initial data in

H

γ
+
1

⁢

(

T
d

)

H^{\gamma+1}(\mathbb{T}^{d})

with

γ
>

d
2

\gamma>\frac{d}{2}

.
Translation semiotics and semiosic translation: clarification of disciplinary intension and concept
Authors: Niu Min , Hemchua Saengchan
Published: May 2022

The paper aims to clarify the distinction of intension and concept between translation semiotics and semiosic translation to determine their disciplinary classification as well as the theoretical framework of translation semiotics. Translation semiotics is a relatively young interdisciplinary field connecting specifically semiotics and translation studies. In essence, it is a branch of semiotics where the research object is the semiotic transformations and sign activities involved in the translational semiosic and interpretive process. Semiosic translation attaches itself conceptually to an extended notion of semiosis involving the transformation of any sign system into other sign systems and pertains to the illustration and analysis of translational phenomena from the perspective of semiotics. Translation semiotics focuses on semiotic transformations and constructs a semiotic theory and application model based on the dimension of semiotic transformation. Both translation semiotics and semiosic translation take semiotic transformations as their research object. Notwithstanding, semiosic translation puts particular emphasis on semiosis, whereas translation semiotics explores the phenomena of semiotic transformations and related problems involved in the process of translation grounded on semiotic theories and methodology (Jia 2016a: 96). As such, translation semiotics and semiosic translation are under the jurisdiction of different disciplines.
Virginia Woolf in China: translation, study, and influence
Authors: Yang Lixin
Published: May 2022

The translation and study of Virginia Woolf began in the late 1920s out of pure artistic interest, then became stagnant due to the extreme tendencies of the left-wing movement. In the new era, when the literary exchange between the East and the West resumed, the Chinese translation and study of Woolf came to flourish in literary circles with the second wave of Modernism and the rise of feminist criticism. This paper, by combining the historical development with the cultural context, conducts a full-scale inquiry into the features of the Chinese translation and study of Woolf during the period of the Republic of China (1929–1949) and the period of the new age since the reform and opening-up (1978–) and gives a detailed analysis of the spiritual connection between Woolf’s cultural view of feminism and contemporary Chinese feminist writers.