bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Flexibility through Insecurity: A Comparison of Work Environments in Fixed-term and Permanent Jobs in Finland and Canada
Authors: Saloniemi Antti , Zeytinoglu Isik Urla
Published: February 2007

In this comparative study of Finland and Canada, we use representative data to examine work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs. Results are similar for all workers regardless of whether they are employed on fixed-term or permanent contracts. All workers feel their working hours are inflexible, but feel they have control over the tasks they perform and they have low risk of accident. The only difference is in the feelings of job insecurity: fixed-term workers, in both Finland and Canada, feel more insecure than those in permanent jobs. Our findings indicate that the global trends in flexibility and insecurity permeate all workers.
Autoimmune pancreatitis as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kobayashi S , Yoshida M , Kitahara T , Abe Y , Tsuchida A , Nojima Y
Published: February 2007

Pancreatitis is a relatively rare complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we present a case of SLE associated with autoimmune pancreatitis. A 37-year old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever, skin rash, proteinuria and abdominal pain. A diagnosis of SLE was made based on her clinical, laboratory and renal histological findings showing diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Elevated serum amylase, typical radiographic findings and selective increase in serum IgG4 all suggested that the patient also had autoimmune pancreatitis. Systemic administration of glucocorticoid successfully induced remission of pancreatitis and nephritis along with the reduction of IgG4. Autoimmune pancreatitis is a newly recognized type of pancreatitis, in which IgG4 immune response is thought to participate pathophysiologically. Although the disease has been observed to develop in patients having various connective tissue diseases, our report is the first to describe IgG4 related autoimmune pancreatitis in a patient with SLE.
Impaired endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Piper M K , Raza K , Nuttall S L , Stevens R , Toescu V , Heaton S , Gardner-Medwin J , Hiller L , Martin U , Townend J , Bacon P A , Gordon C
Published: February 2007

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients suffer from excess cardiac deaths due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is a marker of early atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that SLE patients have impaired endothelial function and assessed the relationship between endothelial function and clinical outcome over the subsequent five years. Thirty-six female SLE patients were compared with 22 healthy age and sex matched controls. Endothelial dependent vasodilatation (EDD) was assessed at the brachial artery in response to shear stress. Endotheliumindependent dilatation induced by glyceryl trinitrate was also measured. Patients were followed for up to five years and the development of damage in the cardiovascular and other systems recorded. SLE patients showed significantly impaired endothelial function (median EDD 5.6%, IQR 3.1–7.2%) compared with healthy controls (median EDD 8.0%, IQR 6.3–9.3%; P = 0.001). Endothelium independent dilatation did not differ between the two groups. Endothelial function was significantly worse in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women (median EDD 6.6%, IQR 3.9–7.8% versus 3.1%, IQR 2.6–5.1%; P = 0.016). Total cholesterol was inversely correlated with endothelial function in SLE patients (Spearman correlation r = -0.422, P = 0.025). There was no relationship between endothelial function and the development of damage in any organ system, including the cardiovascular system during patient follow-up. Patients with SLE have impaired endothelial function. In the small number of patients studied impaired endothelial function was not associated with a worse cardiovascular outcome over five years.
Overexpression of the antiapoptotic gene Bfl-1 in B cells from patients with familial systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Andre J-M , Cimaz R , Ranchin B , Galambrun C , Bertrand Y , Bouvier R , Rieux-Laucat F , Trescol-Biemont M-C , Cochat P , Bonnefoy-Berard N
Published: February 2007

Genetic determinants taking part in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are complex and not fully characterized. Dysregulated expression of genes involved in the control of apoptosis has been previously suggested. We report here a consanguineous family with SLE manifestations in three siblings associated in one of them with severe lymphoproliferative features. Laboratory studies showed no defect in CD95-mediated cell death. Screening expression of Bcl-2 family genes that regulate mitochondrial apoptosis pathway showed an overexpression of the antiapoptotic Bfl-1 gene. Real time RT-PCR analysis indicated that overexpression of Bfl-1 was restricted to B-cells, with normal expression in T-cells. Those results suggest that overexpression of Bfl-1 could result in impaired B-lymphocyte homeostasis and inappropriate immune response leading to autoimmune manifestations.
Lupus around the World
Authors: Uziel Y , Gorodnitski N , Mukamel M , Padeh S , Brik R , Barash J , Mevorach D , Berkun Y , Tauber T , Press J , Harel L , Navon P , Rubenstein M , Naparstek Y , Hashkes PJ
Published: February 2007

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of a national cohort of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). All cases of cSLE registered in the Israeli national registry of children with rheumatic diseases between 1987–2003 were examined for disease activity and damage by the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and SLE collaborating clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment factors were analysed for their effect on the outcome. One-hundred and two patients were identified, 81% females, with a mean age at diagnosis of 13.3 ± 2.6 years. The mean SLEDAI score was 17.2 ± 9.0 (range 2–60). Fifty four patients were followed for at least five years. The mean SLEDAI decreased to 7.6 ± 6.3 (0–29) and the mean SLICC/ACR damage index was 0.7 ± 1.6 (0–8). Five patients developed chronic renal failure. No patients died. No factors were found to be significantly associated with the outcome except the initial SLEDAI score. The five-year outcome of our national cSLE cohort was good; with relatively low activity and minimal damage in most patients. The initial SLEDAI predicted the development of late damage.
Response to tetanus vaccination in infants exposed in utero to immunosuppressants for maternal autoimmune disorders
Authors: Cimaz R , Meregalli E , Biggioggero M , Airò P , Danieli E , Antonioli C M , Motta M , Chirico G , Columbrita D , Frassi M , Meroni P L , Tincani A
Published: February 2007

Immunosuppressive drugs given during pregnancy to mothers suffering from a systemic autoimmune disease (AID) can cross the placenta, thus being potentially able to affect the offspring immune system. Aim of our study was to evaluate the in vivo immune function of a series of these newborns. Twenty-two babies born from mothers suffering from autoimmune diseases (AID) who had been taking immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy were evaluated for their response to vaccination with C. Tetani toxoid. Six babies born from mothers receiving low-dose aspirin only were used as controls. The immune response to C. Tetani vaccination was evaluated with an ELISA to detect circulating antibodies. Five children out of 28 (17%) did not achieve a protective titer of anti C. Tetanitoxoid IgG. No clear relationship was found between specific drug exposure and antibody response. Our findings suggest that maternal immunosuppressive treatment given for a systemic AID can affect the response to an active immunization, without specificities for drug types used.
Acute gastrointestinal distress syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kishimoto M , Nasir A , Mor A , Belmont HM
Published: February 2007

Cases of mesenteric vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are well described, however, individual patient with recurrent mesenteric vasculopathy producing repeated episodes with each exacerbation similar in character and quality has not been reported previously in the literature. We describe two SLE patients whose condition was complicated by repeated stereotypic, CT confirmed, episodes of lupus enteritis characterized by dramatic intestinal wall edema. Moreover, each flare was accompanied by significant hypocomplementemia and was rapidly reversible suggesting an acute gastrointestinal distress syndrome (AGDS) as a result of leukoaggregation and a gut capillary leak syndrome.
Reduced placental growth and hCG secretion in vitro induced by antiphospholipid antibodies but not by anti-Ro or anti-La: studies on sera from women with SLE/PAPS
Authors: Schwartz N , Shoenfeld Y , Barzilai O , Cervera R , Font J , Blank M , Yacobi S , Patlas N , Cohen A , Mevorach D , Ornoy A
Published: February 2007

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary anti-phospholipid syndrome (PAPS) are autoimmune diseases causing recurrent pregnancy loss. We hypothesized that anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL), but not anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, might have a role through direct placental damage. We cultured human placental explants in sera from women with SLE/PAPS with different antibodies. These sera were found to reduce placental growth and increase trophoblastic apoptosis. No effect was found on estradiol or progesterone secretion, but inhibition in βhCG secretion was detected. βhCG was reduced in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss or thromboembolic events, and was also the most sensitive marker when examining the effects of specific antibodies. High titers of aPL were found to cause the largest reduction in βhCG. Anti-Ro and anti-La did not induce placental damage. A strong correlation was found between the rise in the number of different antibodies in the sera and the incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss, which was also accompanied by a decline in the βhCG levels. In conclusion, aPL, but not anti-Ro or anti-La, may cause placental damage in vitro. Thus βhCG levels might constitute a predictive marker for the risk of placental damage and pregnancy loss in women with SLE/PAPS.
Kicking the Habit
Authors: Miller Danny , Le Breton-Miller Isabelle
Published: February 2007

Our collective bias has been to study large, publicly traded companies. Not only do these behemoths represent a tiny fraction of organizations, but they have also served as uninspiring role models driven by the short-run objectives of managers and owners alike. By contrast, outstanding family-owned or family-controlled businesses, to which we have devoted relatively little attention, often outperform by marching to the beat of a different drum. They are managed for the long run. Among the most durable and best performing family businesses, this long-run approach shows up as four priorities: continuity and persistence in pursuing a substantive rather than a financial mission, exceptional attention to the internal community of employees, unusually close connection to key external stakeholders, and courageous commanding leadership that resists pressures from shortsighted owners. We would do well to learn more about these types of organizations.
Deconstruction Revisited
Authors: Weitzner David
Published: February 2007

Throughout the early 1990s, theoretical works in management studies citing the influence of the philosophy of Jacques Derrida were finding publication in some of the major North American academic business journals. But just as this sort of theoretical work began to appear more regularly, it quickly disappeared. This article proposes that business academics need to read Derrida primarily as an ethical theorist. By going deeper into his work, researchers must give up on the tendency to take from Derrida's philosophy something that Derrida claimed cannot exist: a deconstructive methodology. Instead, researchers will find a new and vital philosophical approach that brings questions of ethics and responsibility to the forefront of management thought. To illustrate the theoretical potential in revisiting Derrida, this article engages in a critical analysis of stakeholder theory and transaction cost economics to see what new insights the philosophy of Derrida might yield for management researchers who give deconstruction a second chance.
Guru of Gurus
Authors: Teo-Dixon Grace , Monin Nanette
Published: February 2007

Since management theorizing began, a trend that clearly separates managers into a hierarchy of leader-managers has emerged: “Leaders” are now perceived as higher order managers, and “bad” managers are now called “managers,” and “good managers” are called leaders. The authors suggest that management and leadership theory have already moved from the naming of managers to the designation of the select few as leaders of managers and that a leader of leaders or an ultimate leader will debut. Supported by Burke's theory of logology, the article suggests it is language itself that propels the drive toward hierarchy until it arrives at an ultimate position. The method of text analysis utilized is called scriptive reading, and the article is underscored by the larger methodology of new rhetoric.
A Reaction to Guru of Gurus
Authors: (Jerry) Hunt James G.
Published: February 2007

This essay reacts to Teo-Dixon and Monin's logological analysis of guru of gurus Peter Drucker's work, emphasizing five texts from 1955-2002. Their analysis focuses on how much Drucker differentiated between leaders (leadership) and managers (management) in his earlier and later writings and the degree to which leadership moved toward becoming a “god term,” argued to be the ultimate for a concept. The current author then analyzes what other literature tells us and provides a summary comparison between Teo-Dixon and Monin's logological analysis of Drucker and his own analysis (nonlogological) of the other literature. He concludes from the comparison that Drucker has tended to move away from managers and leaders being the same, though not entirely; and in the other literature has found an increasing number of instances where they are the same, and more and more instances where they are not. Also, leadership and sometimes management are moving toward being a god or at least superman term.
Spirituality and the Management Teacher
Authors: Kernochan Richard A. , McCormick Donald W. , White Judith A.
Published: February 2007

Despite the growing importance of spirituality in management, the management education literature says little concerning the teacher's self and even less concerning a teacher's spiritual self. This article addresses the issue of integrating spiritual values and teaching by reflecting on the experiences of three management teachers. To explore individual aspects of their Buddhist practices, one author examines how the spiritual value of compassion has changed the experience of teaching, a second discusses mindfulness, and a third the no-self. They then reflect collectively on those experiences, indicate opportunities for research, and call for further discussion with management professors from diverse spiritual traditions. Their experience suggests that integrating spiritual values into the teaching workplace is highly rewarding and also less problematic than might be expected.
Searching for the Legitimacy Threshold
Authors: Rutherford Matthew W. , Buller Paul F.
Published: February 2007

In this article, the authors lay the groundwork for a concept known as the legitimacy threshold. The legitimacy threshold is defined as the point at which, from the entrepreneur's perception, the organization moves from an untenable collection of resources to a potentially sustainable enterprise. Entrepreneurs generally describe it as a “made it” feeling. The authors' focus was twofold: (a) to develop a theory base for such a concept and (b) to conduct multiple case studies to verify such a theory base. They make a case for the existence of thresholds and then more fully define the legitimacy threshold before providing support for universal components of the construct. They conclude by presenting 11 case studies that lend support to the idea of a universal legitimacy threshold.
Academy Arts
Authors: Bartunek Jean M.
Published: February 2007

The term “Academy Arts” was used to describe the presentation of art and poetry at the Academy of Management (AOM) meeting. Here I describe the evolution of Academy Arts from a suggestion for a “village square” made by a committee in 1995 through its birth at the AOM meeting in 2000 and its death after the 2005 AOM meeting. I also describe several learnings from the experience that have implications for others interested in the implementation of novel ideas. These include how an initial idea and the rationale for it evolve over time, exhilaration when one's idea becomes real, how easy it is to be too attached to the idea, how ideas need appropriate structures to develop, and how the original impetus for an idea can be organizationally forgotten over time, and thus an innovation may be assessed based on criteria that are very different from the original purpose.
Development and Validation of the Conduct Disorder Rating Scale
Authors: Waschbusch Daniel A. , Elgar Frank J.
Published: February 2007

Several rating scales for measuring externalizing problems in children are inconsistent with widely used diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder (CD). The Conduct Disorder Rating Scale (CDRS) was developed to provide valid measures of CD in children age 5 to 12 years. In Study 1, the CDRS was evaluated in a community sample of 1,554 children. Parents and teachers showed modest agreement in their ratings and children’s age and gender differences were consistent with epidemiological trends. In Study 2, the CDRS was evaluated in a clinical sample of 80 children who were assessed for a summer treatment program. The parent version of the CDRS showed 78.8% accuracy in identifying CD against a diagnostic interview, and both parent and teacher versions of the CDRS were significantly associated with observations of antisocial behavior. Although further research with this new tool is warranted, results indicated that the CDRS is well suited to observational and clinical studies of CD.
The Psychopathy Q-Sort
Authors: Fowler Katherine A. , Lilienfeld Scott O.
Published: February 2007

Scant research has examined the validity of instruments that permit observer ratings of psychopathy. Using a nonclinical (undergraduate) sample, the authors examined the associations between both self-and observer ratings on a psychopathy prototype (Psychopathy Q-Sort, PQS) and widely used measures of psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and negative emotionality. Self- and observer prototype correlations generally displayed predicted patterns of convergent and discriminant validity for the PQS. Future research using the PQS should focus on potential domains of incremental validity of peer-rated psychopathy beyond self-reported psychopathy.
The Classification Accuracy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent
Authors: Hand Cynthia G. , Archer Robert P. , Handel Richard W. , Forbey Johnathan D.
Published: February 2007

Numerous studies have reported that the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) produces a high frequency of within-normal-limits basic scale profiles for adolescents with significant clinical pathology (e.g., Archer, 2005). The current study builds on the observation that the MMPI-A normative sample included participants who reported a recent history of referral for counseling or therapy services. The 193 adolescents who reported referral for counseling were removed from the normative sample and uniform T- score values were recalculated for basic clinical scale raw scores. The frequency of within-normal-limits profiles was only marginally reduced by using the revised MMPI-A norms. Furthermore, the overall hit rate, positive predictive power, and sensitivity were only slightly improved by removing normative participants referred for counseling and basing norms on the remaining 1,427 adolescents.
On the Interpretation of Below-Chance Responding in Forced-Choice Tests
Authors: Frederick Richard I. , Speed F. Michael
Published: February 2007

Two-alternative, forced-choice tests are commonly used to assess cooperation in examinations of neurocognitive functioning. Most commercially available tests do not primarily depend on comparing the total correct responses to the number expected by guessing. Nevertheless, the tests afford an opportunity to make stronger judgments about the cooperation of test-takers when the test score is lower than the range of scores expected for guessing. Unfortunately, many researchers and clinicians make serious errors in communicating what is “guessing” and what is “worse than guessing” (or malingering). This article describes proper methods of evaluating total correct responses on a forced-choice test.
Response Style Versus Crime-Specific Cognition
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: February 2007

Four samples were used to evaluate the incremental validity of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score and Proactive (P) and Reactive (R) composite scales vis-á-vis response style in predicting disciplinary adjustment and recidivism. Purified Confusion (Cfp) and Defensiveness (Dfp) validity scales were constructed by eliminating items from the PICTS Confusion and Defensiveness scales that overlapped with GCT, P, and R. The four-item Cfp and Dfp scales were employed as measures of response style and entered into binomial probit regression analyses alongside GCT, P, and R. The GCT score consistently predicted disciplinary adjustment and recidivism in male and female offenders when included in regression equations with Cfp and Dfp. The P scale only displayed incremental validity relative to Cfp and Dfp in large groups of participants, whereas the R scale was incapable of predicting recidivism in female offenders when paired with Cfp and Dfp.
Score Metric Equivalence of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) Across Criminal Offenders in North America and the United Kingdom
Authors: Bolt Daniel M. , Hare Robert D. , Neumann Craig S.
Published: February 2007

David Cooke and colleagues have published a series of item response theory (IRT) studies investigating the equivalence of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) for European versus North American (NA) male criminal offenders. They have consistently concluded that PCL-R scores are not equivalent, with European offenders receiving scores up to five points lower than those in NA when matched according to the latent trait. In this article, the authors critique the Cooke et al. analyses and demonstrate how their anchor item selection method is responsible for their final conclusions concerning the apparent lack of equivalence. The authors provide a competing IRT analysis using an iterative purification strategy for anchor item selection and show how this more justifiable approach leads to very different conclusions regarding the equivalence of the PCL-R. More generally, it is argued that strong interpretations of IRT analyses in the presence of uncorroborated anchor items can be highly misleading when evaluating score metric equivalence.
Effect of Symptom Information and Intelligence in Dissimulation
Authors: Steffan Jarrod S. , Kroner Daryl G. , Morgan Robert D.
Published: February 2007

This study employed the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) to differentiate various types of dis-simulation, including malingered psychopathology and faking good, by inmates. In particular, the role of intelligence in utilizing symptom information to successfully malinger was examined. On admission to a correctional facility, 161 inmates completed the BPI under standard instructions and then again under instructions to fake good (n = 55) or to malinger psychotic (n = 35), posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 36), or somatoform (n = 35) psychopathology. Unlike symptom information, intelligence evidenced some support for increasing inmates’ effectiveness in malingering, although there was no relationship between higher intelligence and using symptom information to successfully evade detection. Overall, the BPI was more effective in detecting malingered psychopathology than faking good. Implications for the detection of dissimulation in correctional and forensic settings are discussed.
Adolescents' Concern for Privacy When Using the Internet: An Empirical Analysis of Predictors and Relationships With Privacy‐Protecting Behaviors
Authors: Moscardelli Deborah M. , Divine Richard
Published: February 2007

This study explores factors that influence the development of a “privacy concern” in adolescents and whether the development of such a privacy concern leads to the adoption of behaviors that can help teens protect themselves from risks associated with divulging private information when using the Internet. Results of the analyses indicate there are a number of predictors significantly associated with the development of a privacy concern in adolescents. Furthermore, results of the analyses suggest that heightening adolescents' concern for their privacy will lead to a greater likelihood that they will use a number of different privacy‐protecting behaviors.
Perceptions of Elderly Self‐Neglect: A Look at Culture and Cohort
Authors: San Filippo Sylvia Marie , Reiboldt Wendy , White Barbara , Hails Judy
Published: February 2007

Abuse and neglect are issues of concern that face the elderly population. This study investigated differences in perception of self‐neglect behaviors among four cohort and four cultural groups. Data were collected from students, staff, and faculty at a large state university, attendees at multiple senior centers, and people attending cultural fairs in Southern California. Using this convenience sample of 494 participants, age 18 years or older, researchers identified factors influencing self‐neglect perceptions in the culture and cohort models. Significant variables identified in both models are: having a daily caloric intake of fewer than 1,000 calories, avoiding friends and social events, drinking three to four alcoholic drinks at social occasions, and working part‐time. It is important for professionals working with self‐neglecting elders to understand differences in perception by culture and cohort. Agreement on a definition of self‐neglect is a step toward better addressing self‐neglect in the elderly community.
Attachment to “Place” and Coping with Losses in Changed Communities: A Paradox for Aging Adults
Authors: Cook Christine C. , Martin Peter , Yearns Mary , Damhorst Mary Lynn
Published: February 2007

This article explores the meaning of place and connection to location among aging adults in America's Heartland. Focus groups were conducted in a rural and urban county with participants age 65 to 84 years, and age 85 years and older. A keen sense of place among participants was revealed, poignantly portrayed as “loss” among rural participants who described changes to the landscape, economic restructuring, and the loss of farming as a way of life. Changes in urban settings were depicted as a shrinking of space over which participants' exerted control (e.g., steering clear of freeway driving, limiting driving at night, traversing well‐known surface streets). These losses in community are balanced against a strong desire to age in place in familiar settings in which there are known social and resource connections. The investigation illustrates the power of place for aging adults, and the need to recognize its importance in public policy, practice, advocacy, and research.
Reflexivity, the Picturing of Selves, the Forging of Method
Authors: Stronach Ian , Garratt Dean , Pearce Cathie , Piper Heather
Published: February 2007

This article addresses alternative models for a reflexive methodology and examines the ways in which doctoral students have appropriated these texts in their theses. It then considers the indeterminate qualities of those appropriations. The paper offers a new account of reflexivity as “picturing,” drawing analogies from the interpretation of two very different pictures, by Velázquez and Tshibumba. It concludes with a more open and fluid account of reflexivity, offering the notion of “signature,” and drawing on the work of Gell and also Deleuze and Guattari in relation to the inherently specific nature of “concepts” situated in space and time.
Integrating Arts-Based Inquiry in Evaluation Methodology
Authors: Simons Helen , McCormack Brendan
Published: February 2007

This article examines the case for the use of the creative arts in the process of designing, conducting, analyzing, and disseminating evaluations. The authors argue that using the creative arts in the process of evaluation evokes different ways of knowing and understanding the values of a program. The insights gained offer a unique addition to evaluation methodology. This not only broadens the perspective of what counts as evaluation knowledge but also creates opportunities for participants to engage in the process of valuing. The article also explores the challenges this perspective presents demonstrating— for example, how artistic knowing may be represented, claims to validity established, and methodological rigor ensured in integrating creative approaches in evaluation designs. The authors illustrate the case for the use of the arts in the evaluation process with examples from their own professional practice contexts in education, nursing, and health.
Concern With Craft
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L.
Published: February 2007

This article contends with the question “what is good poetry?” The author argues that those interested in poetry as a means to represent research must be aware of poetic traditions and techniques and engage critically in a discussion of how an understanding of poetry informs their work. One means by which to accomplish this is through the use of ars poetica(art of poetry). The author presents a discussion of the function and utility of ars poetica for poetic craft, means of articulating one's own ars poetica, examples of some poets' conceptualizations of poetry, and the implications of ars poetica as artistic criteria. In addition, the author demonstrates how three versions of her own ars poetica written at different times may be used as criteria for assessing research poetry.
Out of the laboratory: scientists’ discursive practices in their encounters with activists
Authors: Motion Judy , Doolin Bill
Published: February 2007

This article analyses the discursive practices of scientists engaged in controversial science in their narrated accounts of encounters with activists. It explores what happens when scientific credibility and authority are challenged in a public debate on the benefits and risks of such science. The aim is to understand how scientists discursively negotiate and make sense of their encounters with activists, the range of subject positions they claim, and how power is implicated in identification with the public. The article shows how scientists counter emotional appeals, utilizing both scientific and public identities respectively to legitimate the epistemic and moral authority of science and to marginalize opposing activists. It is argued that a unitary view of scientific identity is inadequate. Rather, in times of public challenge and controversy, scientists may utilize a multiplicity of subject positions to achieve identification with public interests. The discursive construct, public interest, is interpreted as a contested discursive space and a discursive resource for influencing public opinion.
Talking ‘facts’: identity and rationality in industry perspectives on genetic modification
Authors: Henderson Alison , Weaver C. Kay , Cheney George
Published: February 2007

Despite the potential political impact of industry attempts to influence public policy about genetic modification, little research has focused on critical understanding of industry perspectives. This article explores the rhetorical and discursive construction of public messages about this controversial issue by two major New Zealand export industries. The kiwifruit industry advocates a very cautious public policy position, while the dairy industry has been a strong advocate for the commercial development of genetic modification. We demonstrate that these industries draw on multiple identities and rationalities to negotiate, express, and elaborate their positions on genetic modification, informed variously by discourses of risk, science, the political economy of the marketplace, and images of the ‘natural’ environment. We suggest that exploring how organizations seek to influence controversial socio-political issues through the management of multiple identities may facilitate greater understanding of viewpoints often represented in the media as two distinct polarities; that is as either ‘for’ or ‘against’ the issues.
Controversy over genetically modified crops in India: discursive strategies and social identities of farmers
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomiko
Published: February 2007

The controversies over genetically modified crops (GM crops) in India involve what Gieryn (1999) refers to as ‘boundary work’ in the ongoing competition for credibility and trustworthiness among claimsmakers with opposing points of view. Discourse about GM crops involves extensive drawing of boundaries by actors including policymakers, technocrats, NGOs, scientists, industrialists, and farmers. The issues raised range from governmental processes to moral and ethical implications, from environmental consequences to integration into the global economy. Those involved in these discussions frequently invoke the idealized notions of farmers and farming in order to situate themselves within the boundary of a particular social category which may lend credibility to their claims. While Gieryn has focused primarily on scientists’ attempts to construct a boundary between science and non-science in order to establish themselves as experts, strengthen the credibility of their claims and avoid political interference in their intellectual activities, this article focuses on a different way in which knowledgeable and influential actors lay claim to trustworthiness by drawing a different kind of social boundary around themselves. This article will especially focus on the ways in which the category of farmers is used in the GM crop controversies by actors who are in a position to influence public policies regarding GM crops (elite actors), especially in their efforts to justify their policy prescriptions. The thesis here is that GM crop controversies in India reflect elite actors’ attempts to compete for a shared social identity with farmers, thus constructing a context for the particular public policy prescriptions they support. The thesis is supported by a lexical item frequency analysis of discussion related to genetically modified cotton in India which demonstrates that boundary work using social identity of farmers plays a significant role in shaping the discourse surrounding the adoption and governance of GM crops.
Global media ethics revisited
Authors: Rao Shakuntala , Wasserman Herman
Published: February 2007

Little theoretical work from non-Western perspectives has entered the epistemological discussion of universal ethical principles for media and journalism. The increased analysis of media globalization requires a closer examination of the ethical principles being advocated by media theorists. We use postcolonial theory to argue that advocates of universal media ethics need to take into account the history of colonialism, differences of powers between nations and peoples, and the importance of indigenous theory. We contend that in the non-Western world underlying conditions of postcoloniality and indigenous values influence how media professionals and journalists make ethical decisions. These interpretations present an epistemic challenge to dominant ethical concepts based primarily on Western Enlightenment philosophies. The article concludes with a discussion of two specific ethical theories, ubuntu from South Africa and ahimsa from India, which illustrate the importance of indigenous knowledge in the search for global media ethics.
Global mediations
Authors: Rai Mugdha , Cottle Simon
Published: February 2007

The last few years have witnessed an explosion in the number of 24/7 satellite news channels around the globe. Some theorists have heralded the arrival of 24/7 news delivery systems and channels as definitive of processes of globalization and foundational in the creation of a ‘global public sphere’. Others view them as simply the latest expansion of Western-led corporate interests and vehicles of cultural imperialism, propagating news flows from the West to the rest. This article contributes up-to-date empirical findings and arguments that variously support and problematize aspects of both these overarching theoretical positions and debates and does so by systematically mapping for the first time all 24/7 news channels broadcast in the world today. Our findings reveal a field characterized by complex stratifications, formations and flows that prompt the need for refined conceptualization and theorization.
Globalization and the public sphere
Authors: Couldry Nick , Dreher Tanja
Published: February 2007

Recent accounts of Habermas's conception of the public sphere concern the interlocking of multiple networks and spaces. In a global context new interfaces between existing (counter-) public spheres can lead to multiple counter-publics. This article explores this phenomenon through the examination of the communicative spaces that offer alternatives to Australia's mainstream public sphere from three different strands of Sydney's community media: diasporic media (Assyrian Radio SBS), Indigenous media (Koori Radio) and discursive sites that operate in between ethnic and mainstream media (Forum for Australia's Islamic Relations).
Development of a murine model for blastoid variant mantle-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ford Richard J. , Shen Long , Lin-Lee Yen Chiu , Pham Lan V. , Multani Asha , Zhou Hai-Jun , Tamayo Archito T. , Zhang ChongJie , Hawthorn Lesleyann , Cowell John K. , Ambrus Julian L.
Published: February 2007

Blastoid-variant mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL-BV), unlike most B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL-Bs), is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and associated with a very poor prognosis. Development of new therapies has been hampered by the lack of valid animal models. We have developed a novel murine model of MCL-BV by crossing interleukin 14α (IL-14α) transgenic mice with c-Myc transgenic mice (double transgenic [DTG]). IL-14α is a B-cell growth factor that is expressed in a number of high-grade lymphomas, including MCL-BV. Ninety-five percent of IL-14α transgenic mice develop CD5+ large B-cell lymphomas by 18 months of age. Sixty percent of c-Myc transgenic mice develop pre-B-cell lymphomas by 12 months of age. Close to 100% of DTG mice develop an aggressive, rapidly fatal lymphoma at 3 to 4 months of age that is CD5+, CD19+, CD21−, CD23−, sIgM+. The tumor is found in the blood, bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs and rarely in the brain, similar to the involvement seen in human MCL-BV. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements document the monoclonality of the tumor. Cyclin D1 is highly expressed in these tumors, as it is in MCL-BV. DTG represents a novel model for MCL-BV that should reveal important insights into the pathogenesis of the lymphoma and contribute to the development of new forms of therapy.
Strong iron demand during hypoxia-induced erythropoiesis is associated with down-regulation of iron-related proteins and myoglobin in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Robach Paul , Cairo Gaetano , Gelfi Cecilia , Bernuzzi Francesca , Pilegaard Henriette , Viganò Agnese , Santambrogio Paolo , Cerretelli Paolo , Calbet José A. L. , Moutereau Stéphane , Lundby Carsten
Published: February 2007

Iron is essential for oxygen transport because it is incorporated in the heme of the oxygen-binding proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. An interaction between iron homeostasis and oxygen regulation is further suggested during hypoxia, in which hemoglobin and myoglobin syntheses have been reported to increase. This study gives new insights into the changes in iron content and iron-oxygen interactions during enhanced erythropoiesis by simultaneously analyzing blood and muscle samples in humans exposed to 7 to 9 days of high altitude hypoxia (HA). HA up-regulates iron acquisition by erythroid cells, mobilizes body iron, and increases hemoglobin concentration. However, contrary to our hypothesis that muscle iron proteins and myoglobin would also be up-regulated during HA, this study shows that HA lowers myoglobin expression by 35% and down-regulates iron-related proteins in skeletal muscle, as evidenced by decreases in L-ferritin (43%), transferrin receptor (TfR; 50%), and total iron content (37%). This parallel decrease in L-ferritin and TfR in HA occurs independently of increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) mRNA levels and unchanged binding activity of iron regulatory proteins, but concurrently with increased ferroportin mRNA levels, suggesting enhanced iron export. Thus, in HA, the elevated iron requirement associated with enhanced erythropoiesis presumably elicits iron mobilization and myoglobin down-modulation, suggesting an altered muscle oxygen homeostasis.
How I treat indolent lymphoma
Authors: Gribben John G.
Published: February 2007

Despite advances in treatment, there was little evidence until recently that this led to improvement in the survival of patients with indolent lymphoma, with patients continuing to have an unremitting course of relapse of disease. There appears to have been a change in the natural history of these diseases with the introduction of chemoimmunotherapy that may finally result in improvements in survival. With so many agents available for the treatment of indolent lymphomas, questions that have to be addressed include the following: is there still a role for a “watch-and-wait” approach in asymptomatic patients or should they be treated at diagnosis, what are the optimal first-line and salvage treatments, what is the role of maintenance therapy, and is there any role for stem cell transplantation in these diseases? No established treatment of choice has yet emerged, and many of these questions remain unresolved. It is highly likely that our treatment approaches will continue to evolve as the results of ongoing clinical trials are released and that improvement in outcome will result from identification of therapies that target the underlying pathophysiology of the diseases.
Eradication of lymphoma by CD8 T cells following anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody therapy is critically dependent on CD27 costimulation
Authors: French Ruth R. , Taraban Vadim Y. , Crowther Graham R. , Rowley Tania F. , Gray Juliet C. , Johnson Peter W. , Tutt Alison L. , Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Glennie Martin J.
Published: February 2007

Growing evidence points to the potential of agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs as adjuvants for vaccination against cancer. These appear to act by maturing dendritic cells (DCs) and allowing them to prime CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although it is well established that optimal T-cell priming requires costimulation via B7:CD28, recent studies emphasize the contribution of TNF receptors to this process. To understand how anti-CD40 mAbs trigger effective antitumor immunity, we investigated the role of TNFR superfamily members CD27 and 4-1BB in the generation of this immunity and showed that, although partially dependent on 4-1BB:4-1BBL engagement, it is completely reliant on CD27:CD70 interactions. Importantly, blocking CD70, and to some extent 4-1BBL, during anti-CD40 treatment prevented accumulation of tumor-reactive T cells and subsequent tumor protection. However, it did not influence changes in DC number, phenotype, nor the activity of CTLs once immunity was established. We conclude that CD27:CD70 and 4-1BB:4-1BBL interactions are needed for DC-driven accumulation of antitumor CTLs following anti-CD40 mAb treatment. Finally, in support of the critical role for CD70:CD27, we show for the first time that agonistic anti-CD27 mAbs given without a DC maturation signal completely protect tumor-bearing mice and provide a highly potent reagent for boosting antitumor T-cell immunity.
The growing complexity of platelet aggregation
Authors: Jackson Shaun P.
Published: February 2007

Platelet aggregation, the process by which platelets adhere to each other at sites of vascular injury, has long been recognized as critical for hemostatic plug formation and thrombosis. Until relatively recently, platelet aggregation was considered a straightforward process involving the noncovalent bridging of integrin αIIbβ3 receptors on the platelet surface by the dimeric adhesive protein fibrinogen. However, with recent technical advances enabling real-time analysis of platelet aggregation in vivo, it has become apparent that this process is much more complex and dynamic than previously anticipated. Over the last decade, it has become clear that platelet aggregation represents a multistep adhesion process involving distinct receptors and adhesive ligands, with the contribution of individual receptor-ligand interactions to the aggregation process dependent on the prevailing blood flow conditions. It now appears that at least 3 distinct mechanisms can initiate platelet aggregation, with each of these mechanisms operating over a specific shear range in vivo. The identification of shear-dependent mechanisms of platelet aggregation has raised the possibility that vascular-bed–specific inhibitors of platelet aggregation may be developed in the future that are safer and more effective than existing antiplatelet agents.
Clinical efficacy of zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4): two phase 2 studies in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kim Youn H. , Duvic Madeleine , Obitz Erik , Gniadecki Robert , Iversen Lars , Österborg Anders , Whittaker Sean , Illidge Timothy M. , Schwarz Thomas , Kaufmann Roland , Cooper Kevin , Knudsen Kim M. , Lisby Steen , Baadsgaard Ole , Knox Susan J.
Published: February 2007

The efficacy and safety of zanolimumab in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) have been assessed in two phase 2, multicenter, prospective, open-label, uncontrolled clinical studies. Patients with treatment refractory CD4+ CTCL (mycosis fungoides [MF], n = 38; Sézary syndrome [SS], n = 9) received 17 weekly infusions of zanolimumab (early-stage patients, 280 and 560 mg; advanced-stage patients, 280 and 980 mg). The primary end point was objective response (OR) as assessed by composite assessment of index lesion disease activity score. Secondary end points included physician's global assessment (PGA), time to response, response duration, and time to progression. ORs were recorded for patients in both CTCL types (MF, 13 ORs; SS, 2 ORs). In the high-dose groups (560 and 980 mg dose groups), a response rate of 56% was obtained with a median response of 81 weeks. Adverse events reported most frequently included low-grade infections and eczematous dermatitis. Zanolimumab showed marked clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with refractory MF, with early onset of response, high response rate, and durable responses. The treatment was well tolerated with no dose-related toxicity other than the targeted depletion of peripheral T cells. A pivotal study has been initiated based on these findings.