bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retention: Building a Patient-Centered Medical Home in HIV Primary Care through PUFF (Patients Unable to Follow-up Found)
Authors: Sitapati Amy M. , Limneos Jan , Bonet-Vázquez Militza , Mar-Tang Moira , Qin Huifang , Mathews W. Christopher
Published: August 2012

Here, we describe our patient-centered medical home (PCMH) quality improvement retention project conducted by a Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Ryan White-funded Primary Care HIV clinic. The single urban academic clinic serving 2,776 active HIV positive patients identified 25.8% (716/2,776) patients who had not been retained in care within the prior six months during two separate six-month interval analyses. Multiple modalities including a retention specialist, a secure clinic phone message line, algorithms, flyers, brochures, database, and staff education were built to facilitate re-engagement. The project located 87.7% (628/716) patients who had not been retained. The retention specialist was directly responsible for the return of 16.2% (116/716) patients. Results from the project demonstrated that a formalized approach is a necessary component to effective retention efforts. We believe that this work will provide a strategic framework for the development of randomized control trials to formally evaluate an HIV retention intervention.
An Investigation of Asthma Care Best Practices in a Community Health Center
Authors: Lester Deborah , Mohammad Acklema , Leach Eileen Enny , Hernandez Paloma Izquierdez , Walker Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2012

Summary : Urban Health Plan, Inc. (UHP) implemented a comprehensive asthma management program that has resulted in sustained improvements in patient outcomes for UHP’s primarily Latino and Black populations in the South Bronx. UHP is now engaged in a community-academic partnership to build community research capacity from its strength in quality improvement.
Evaluation of Regional HIV Provider Quality Groups to Improve Care for People Living with HIV Served in the United States
Authors: Schneider Karen L. , Agins Bruce D. , Ng Darryl W. , Monserrate Joan M. , Hirschhorn Lisa R.
Published: August 2012

HIVQUAL-US is a capacity-building quality initiative for federally-funded HIV primary care clinics. Since 2004, HIVQUAL-US has supported the formation of regional groups, geographically-clustered clinics that build quality management capacity through collective learning about quality improvement. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine members’ experiences participating in groups and their self-reported quality management and improvement outcomes related to HIV primary care. Interviews were conducted with a sample of three HIVQUAL-US coaches who facilitated 11 regional groups and with nine of the clinic representatives participating in the regional groups. The regional groups were heterogeneous in composition, focus and style, but shared common activities. Benefits included implementation of group quality improvement projects and opportunities for sharing activities and challenges. Improved performance in targeted areas, enhanced understanding/use of improvement methods, and increased quality management capacity were reported outcomes. Regional groups can effectively promote peer-to-peer learning, develop leadership, strengthen quality management capacity, and improve quality of care for the HIV population.
The Patient Safety and Clinical Pharmacy Collaborative: Improving Medication Use Systems for the Underserved
Authors: Wallack Madeline Carpinelli , Loafman Mark , Sorensen Todd D.
Published: August 2012

Summary : The Patient Safety and Clinical Pharmacy Services Collaborative (PSPC) is demonstrating improvements in the quality of care delivered by safety-net organizations through integration of clinical pharmacy services. This article describes how the PSPC is leading meaningful change in the arena of medication use in management of chronic disease.
Safe Sobering: San Francisco’s Approach to Chronic Public Inebriation
Authors: Smith-Bernardin Shannon , Schneidermann Michelle
Published: August 2012

Summary : Dedicated to the care of alcohol dependent people, the San Francisco Sobering Center cares for intoxicated clients historically treated via emergency services. With 29,000 encounters and 8,100 unduplicated clients, the Sobering Center safely and efficiently provides sobering and health care services to some of the City’s most vulnerable people.
Redesigning the System from the Bottom Up: Lessons Learned from a Decade of Federal Quality Improvement Collaboratives
Authors: Harris Yael , Kwon Linda , Berrian Amber , Calvo Ahmed
Published: August 2012

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is a federal agency that provides support and resources for America’s safety-net providers. For more than 10 years, HRSA has engaged in Quality Improvement Breakthrough Collaboratives that have brought together multiple stakeholders to improve quality of care and enhance patient outcomes for the most vulnerable populations. Many of these collaboratives followed the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Breakthrough Series Collaborative model and methodology to implement small tests of change that helped generate process improvements and clinical outcomes. This commentary summarizes HRSA’s experience with these Quality Improvement Breakthrough Collaboratives, focusing on key lessons learned, in order to help inform and enhance future quality improvement efforts in both the public and the private sectors.
Poets and Citizens: An Interview with the Editors of I Go to the Ruined Place: Contemporary Poems in Defense of Global Human Rights
Authors: Kwasny Melissa , Smoker M. L. , Pettit Rhonda
Published: August 2012

In 2007, two Montana poets—Melissa Kwasny and M. L. Smoker—were asked by Christine Holbert, the founder and publisher of Lost Horse Press, and then-president of the human rights task force in Sandpoint, Idaho, to edit an anthology of poetry concerned with human rights. They issued a call for poems, stating, in part: “We are increasingly witnesses to torture, terrorism and other violations of human rights at unprecedented degrees. What do our instincts tell us and what is our response to these violations? What is our vision of a future wherein human rights are not only respected but expanded?” Two years and hundreds of poems later, they produced I Go to the Ruined Place: Contemporary Poems in Defense of Global Human Rights (Lost Horse Press, 2009). The anthology contains sixty poems by sixty different authors, ranging from poets with national or regional reputations to prisoners and human rights activists. In this interview conducted through email exchanges, the editors discuss their selection process, several poems and thematic threads among poems, and the role of poetry in the human rights arena.
Human Rights in Canadian Domestic and Foreign Politics: From “Niggardly Acceptance” to Enthusiastic Embrace
Authors: Clément Dominique
Published: August 2012

Human rights transformed international politics beginning in the 1970s. This transformation was rooted in a dialectical relationship between international and domestic human rights institutions and movements. This article explores how we can use social movements, law, and politics to demonstrate the way international human rights norms were received, interpreted, and applied domestically and how this affected states’ participation in international politics. The focus is on Canada, which was profoundly influenced by international human rights norms and in turn contributed to transforming international politics. These developments were especially pronounced in the 1970s.
Exporting Amnesty International to the United States: Transatlantic Human Rights Activism in the 1960s
Authors: Snyder Sarah B.
Published: August 2012

This article analyzes Amnesty International’s initial struggle to establish an American section. Amid the growing attention to Amnesty International in the scholarly literature, limited work exists on its national sections, including AIUSA, the American section. Understanding transatlantic disagreements about the efficacy of individual letter writing, funding, and the selection of prisoners of conscience illuminates the transferability of the Amnesty International model to the United States, the character of American human rights activism, and transatlantic relations among Amnesty’s nongovernmental actors. Furthermore, the strained relationship between Amnesty International and AIUSA reveals different conceptions of nongovernmental activism in the 1960s.
Governing Human Rights and Roma Inclusion: Can the EU be a Catalyst for Local Social Change?
Authors: Sobotka Eva , Vermeersch Peter
Published: August 2012

In this article we analyze an important development of policymaking in the European Union (EU) on the Roma, which has evolved in the context of the EU’s growing concern for human rights and Roma inclusion. The human rights focused approach on Roma was initially used by the European Union in the context of the EU’s enlargement process; since 2007, it has informed the EU’s internal policies on Roma. In addition, since 2007 the EU has made use of more broadly defined strategies of fostering social inclusion. Against the backdrop of a case study in the Czech Republic, the article explores the possible impact in the field and suggests some critical ways forward.
Fieldwork and its Ethical Challenges: Reflections from Research in Bosnia
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya
Published: August 2012

Ethical issues and challenges inevitably arise during fieldwork and are a fundamental part of the research process. Too often, however, they are neglected. In following the standard trajectory of fieldwork, data analysis, write-up, and publication, scholars do not always spend enough time openly addressing ethical issues or sharing experiences from the field. The purpose of this article is to encourage and stimulate debate on research ethics, to demonstrate why research training (certainly in the UK) needs to give more priority to this issue, and to move away from what are often very abstract discussions by dealing with the subject in a concrete and practical way that draws upon personal insights. The article is based upon the author’s experiences of conducting fieldwork in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) in 2008 and 2009 and focuses on four key issues that arose—objectivity, interviewer-interviewee relationships, representation, and reward. Underscoring the limitations of ethical codes, it advocates a situational approach to research ethics that is sensitive to context and involves interviewees in helping us to develop more ethical research procedures.
The UN Security Council and Response to Atrocities: International Criminal Law and the P-5
Authors: Forsythe David P.
Published: August 2012

A review of the UN Security Council and its permanent members regarding international criminal law shows, first of all, that while the Council has been consistently “seized” with this subject matter, narrow conceptions of national interest often negatively impact the quest for a humane rule of law in world affairs. Secondly, agreement among the P-5 often proves difficult, contributing to a wide array of adopted measures on this subject without great consistency. The Council’s toolbox is large and varied, but a dependable and consistent pattern of policy making has proven elusive. Lastly, particularly for the “Big Three”—China, Russia, and the United States—double standards are blatant as they often demand of others what they are unwilling to accept themselves. Nevertheless, the Security Council has paid much more attention to international criminal law than many observers forecast during the Cold War.
Institutionalizing Human Rights in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ciorciari John D.
Published: August 2012

In 2009 and 2010, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) established two new human rights bodies: an inter-governmental human rights commission and a commission for the protection of the rights of women and children. This article examines the process leading to their creation, focusing on the normative and political debates that made creating an ASEAN human rights mechanism a long and challenging process. It then analyzes the commissions’ institutional features and shows how their design constrains their present capacity to promote and protect human rights. Finally, the article discusses the possibilities for near-term institutional evolution.
Considering Human Rights Films, Representation, and Ethics: Whose Face?
Authors: Tascon Sonia
Published: August 2012

Human Rights Film Festivals have been growing in number across the globe since the late 1980s and have become embroiled in recent cultural shifts towards visual culture without a commensurate exploration of the philosophical and cultural effects of such use. By attending to debates present in the media, visual, and film disciplines in relation to representation, politics, and ethics, this paper garners the work of various scholars, including Gayatri Spivak, bell hooks, and Emmanuel Lévinas, to begin the much-needed exploration and analysis of the use of films for human rights purposes.
Local, National, and International Determinants of Truth Commission: The South Korean Experience
Authors: Kim Hun Joon
Published: August 2012

In recent years, the number of truth commissions in countries around the world has continued to increase, and their scope and functions have become much broader. There is, however, still a need for a comprehensive theoretical framework that will enable scholars to explain the truth commission phenomenon. In this article, I will outline a new theoretical framework that combines social movement theory and transnational advocacy networks theory. I will then apply this framework to the South Korean truth commission experience, and analyze in detail the process that enabled local activists to successfully push for the creation of the first South Korean truth commission in 2000. Based on the South Korean case, I find that, first of all, important national and international factors would not have come into play if not for the persistent struggle of local activists. Second, I find that local activists were able to make optimal use of these national and international opportunity structures to pursue their goals through various timely and effective strategies.
Utpaladeva's Conception of Self in the Context of the Ātmavāda-anātmavāda Debate and in Comparison with Western Theological Idealism
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina
Published: August 2012

This essay examines the unique conception of self (ātman) developed by Utpaladeva, one of the greatest philosophers of the Kashmir Śaiva Recognition (Pratyabhijñā) school, in polemics with Buddhist no-self theorists and rival Hindu schools. The central question that fueled philosophical debate between Hinduism and Buddhism for centuries is whether a continuous stable entity, which is either consciousness itself or serves as the ground of consciousness, is required to sustain all the experienced features of embodied physical and mental activity, and, in the context of the conceptualization of the world as saṃsāra , whether such a self persists between rebirths and in liberation. Utpaladeva argues contra Buddhists and contra other ātmavādins not only that differentiation and unity or change and continuity are compatible, but that a coherent account of our experience requires a continuous dynamic substratum that accommodates both. The Pratyabhijñā's ātman is opposed to that of Nyāya, Vaiśeṣ ika, and Mīmāṃsā insofar as it is de-individuated, which makes it close to Advaita's Brahman, also a universal consciousness, from which it differs, however, insofar as it is theological and acts as the contentbearer by taking on forms, as opposed to being impersonal and passive. When compared with theologies, both from within and outside the wider domain of Hindu thought, the Pratyabhijñā proves to be unique in that it gives a philosophically nuanced account of God, who stands in a nondual relationship to the individual self. This essay also compares the Pratyabhijñā's theological account of self with the theological idealism of Berkeley and Bradley, finding it closer to the latter. Comparing the Pratyabhijñā with its nearest Western philosophical counterparts should make it more accessible and intelligible from the standpoint of the Western academy and pave the way for involving its rich and distinctive conception of self in the fledgling cross-cultural philosophical dialogue on questions concerning self and consciousness.
The Definition of Universal Concomitance as the Absence of Undercutting Conditions
Authors: Krishnamurthi G. G.
Published: August 2012

This essay discusses a prominent definition of universal concomitance in the Nyāya School of Classical Indian Philosophy. This definition holds that universal concomitance is equivalent to the absence of undercutting conditions. It will be shown that though this definition seems to be inadequate, there is an auxiliary condition that may be added which makes the equivalence between universal concomitance and the absence of undercutting conditions deductively correct. It will then be shown that this auxiliary condition fits well into the Nyaya foundations of logic and that furthermore this auxiliary condition does not unreasonably restrict the applicability of the definition of universal concomitance as the absence of undercutting conditions. Hence, the conclusion is that this interpretation is a good candidate for how the definition of universal concomitance as the absence of undercutting conditions should be understood.
Beyond the Five Relationships: Teachers and Worthies in Early Chinese Thought
Authors: Elstein David
Published: August 2012

The Five Relationships are commonly held to be fundamental to Confucian thought and, according to some scholars, constitute the basis of all human relationships. This essay examines how the ruler-minister relationship served as a site over a debate about the political importance of virtue in early Chinese philosophy. Some early texts, including the Confucian texts Mengzi and Xunzi , argue that virtue confers a different status that rulers should recognize by treating the virtuous as equals or even superiors. In particular, these texts claim that teachers and worthies are not ministers, and thus do not fit the rulerminister paradigm. Other texts, such as the Han Feizi and Guanzi , argue against this position, denying that virtue is relevant to political status. They claim that the ruler is superior to all, and that it is dangerous to grant special status based on moral qualities. The texts that adhere most closely to the Five Relationships are actually those considered Legalist, not Confucian. Thus, reexamining the Five Relationships is a way to throw light on the contested status of the morally worthy in early Chinese social and political thought.
Nishida Kitarō, G.W.F. Hegel, and the Pursuit of the Concrete: A Dialectic of Dialectics
Authors: Schultz Lucy
Published: August 2012

A comparison of the dialectical worldviews of Nishida and Hegel is made by developing the notion of dialectical ontology as concrete philosophy in which logic is understood to extend beyond the level of discourse to the point where knowledge and experience cease to be opposed. The differences between their dialectical methods are outlined, highlighting Hegel's emphasis on the actualization of self-consciousness and historical progress in contrast to Nishida's concepts of the dialectal universal "place," the external now, and the self as expressive monad. It is argued that neither thinker is able to fulfill his own demand for a maximally concrete philosophy. However, by performing a dialectic of their dialectics, the pursuit of concrete philosophy is furthered. Takahashi Satomi's notion of "inclusive dialectics" is introduced to aid in articulating the comparative standpoint through which such a dialectic may be conceived.
Technology on the Spot: The Trials of the Congreve Rocket in India in the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Werrett Simon
Published: August 2012

This essay attends to actors' geographies , the constructions of space and empire that historical actors developed in negotiations over imperial technologies. Historians have contrasted "localist" and "universalist" accounts of imperial technology transfer. This essay proposes that versions of both localist and universalist accounts served actors in technological negotiations, and demonstrates this by considering the efforts of British inventor Sir William Congreve to sell war rockets to the East India Company in the early decades of the nineteenth century. While Congreve insisted on a universalist account of technology transfer from an imperial center (Britain) to a periphery (India), the company viewed rockets as negotiated, hybrid entities, emergent from and adapted to local conditions and Indian tradition. The essay concludes by noting the value of immobility for both sides in the dispute: the desire to keep the manufacture and testing of new technology under local control, as a precondition for effective imperial circulation.
The Technology of Medieval Water Management at the Charterhouse of Bourgfontaine
Authors: Bonde Sheila , Maines Clark
Published: August 2012

Monasteries were major contributors to the preservation of ancient knowledge about, as well as innovation in, hydraulic technology during the western Middle Ages. The form of monasticism adopted by the Carthusians combined eremitic isolation with limited communal life, and thus required that water be provided to individual cells as well as to other locations in the monastery. The Carthusian house of Bourgfontaine (Aisne), founded in the fourteenth century in northern France, featured technologically sophisticated water management, the topography of its site requiring a siphon-powered system. An elaborate series of surviving water tunnels led to a large springhouse and aqueduct that in turn ran 500 meters to the charterhouse. Study of archival and pictorial sources, as well as comparison with other excavated and surviving Carthusian houses in Europe, permits us to understand the larger context of the contributions made by Bourgfontaine to hydraulic technology.
Harold Dorn, 1928-2011
Authors: McClellan James E.
Published: August 2012

An obituary for the historian of science and technology, Harold Dorn (1928–2011), that surveys his life and career from their Bronx origins, to his training in engineering, a Princeton Ph.D. in the history of science, and ultimately roles as a professor and administrator at the Stevens Institute of Technology. The personal and historiographical influences of Marxism, materialism, and World War II on Dorn and his work are examined, notably in his chef-d'œuvre, The Geography of Science (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991). His life-long scholarly interests in the historical connections between technology and science, in invention and innovation, and in defending free speech are likewise treated.
Technology Museums in Denmark
Authors: Søndergaard Morten Karnøe
Published: August 2012

This article presents an exhibit review of some of the major technology museums in Denmark. First comes an introduction to the Danish museum "landscape." Second a total of six museums and their technology-focused exhibits are presented. Among the museums are the Fisheries and Maritime Museum in Esbjerg, housing one of the most impressive and representative exhibitions on the technology behind the strong Danish maritime sector. Another museum being mentioned is the Energy Museum, which covers the background for some of the major breakthroughs performed in Denmark within this area, particularly within wind power technology. Finally special attention is devoted to the Danish Technological Museum, the oldest and most elaborate of all the technology museums. The museum covers virtually every technological breakthrough with any relevance in a Danish section, with a special focus on aviation and electricity.
A World in a Book
Authors: Dotson John
Published: August 2012

Michael of Rhodes was a Venetian seaman. During the first half of the fifteenth century he rose through the ranks in the maritime service of Venice from a simple rower on a galley to armiraio , the highest rank open to a mariner who was not also a noble. The book which is the basis of this edition falls generally into the genre of books of practical information that includes merchants' manuals, abbaco books, and the like. Michael's book is a compilation that includes such diverse topics as arithmetic, astrology, navigation, shipbuilding and even a brief curriculum vitae . It is unique among such works in surviving as a holograph. This edition by an international team of scholars is in three volumes: a photographic reproduction of the original, transcription and translation, and analytical studies. It is an outstanding example of thorough, exacting team scholarship.
Digital Foundations: The Making of Silicon-Gate Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Brock David C. , Lécuyer Christophe
Published: August 2012

From 1960 onward, the expanding use of microchips played a major role in the establishment of the digital world. This paper examines the dominant manufacturing technology for microchips in this period: silicon-gate MOS technology . It reconstructs the development of silicon gate technology from its emergence at Bell Labs, Fairchild, General Micro-electronics, and Hughes in the mid-1960s to its stabilization at Intel and its augmentation with ion implantation at Mostek in the early 1970s. This article argues that silicon gate emerged at the convergence point of three contextual logics: material logic (the opportunities and constraints offered by materials and material capabilities), market logic (the dynamics of semiconductor markets), and competitive logic (the imperative of surviving in a fiercely competitive industry). Thus, this article is intended as a contribution to materials-centered studies and to recent interest on the connection between intentionality and materiality in technology and science.
The Warp, Woof, and Weave of This Story's Tapestry Would Foster the Illusion of Further Progress: Justified and the Evolution of Western Violence
Authors: Joyce Justin A.
Published: August 2012

The Western's conception of justifiable gun violence has always been historically contingent and interrelated to variations in the American legal system. This essay draws the disparate threads of a legal discourse and a cultural tradition together to fashion the interwoven cloth of a social, juridical, and political acceptance of personal gun violence that is still expanding today. The first part traces the development of the American self-defense law, which was markedly transformed from its English heritage into a far-reaching doctrine of legally justifiable homicide. The second part is an examination of a recent Western, the FX series Justified . While Justified trades on standard Western conventions—the white-hatted hero, the marshal service, the legitimate use of gun violence—the show is noteworthy for the ways it explicitly interrogates the rhetoric of selfdefense. This essay argues that despite illusory progress—like Justified 's exploration of the complex rhetorical strategies that allow gun violence to be "justified," Givens's anachronistic fit within modern law enforcement, or Ava Crowder's justified shooting of her husband—the show still ends up championing the resolution of conflicts at the end of a gun. This show's tapestry, then, is inherently conservative, deeply continuous of the traditional, triumphalist Western's glorification of private gun violence and resonant with a paradigmatic shift in the popular understanding of justifiable gun violence concomitant with the landmark Supreme Court case D.C. v. Heller (2008). Justified , like innumerable Westerns before it, works in the world as a negotiation between American legal and cultural discourses.
Rejuvenating "Eternal Inequality" on the Digital Frontiers of Red Dead Redemption
Authors: Humphreys Sara
Published: August 2012

This essay argues that since the 2008 economic collapse, the popularity of the rugged cowboy has significantly increased in American film, television, and of particular interest to this essay, video games. As the reformed gunslinger/cowboy/outlaw John Marston in Red Dead Redemption (released by Rockstar games in 2010), players go west in a 3-D diegetic universe that furthers and, more importantly, rejuvenates the hierarchy of national identities, informed by racial, gendered, and economic status, that has comprised the cultural field of the United States in one form or another since the early twentieth century. On the digital frontier, Red Dead Redemption resuscitates white, middle class, heteronormative identity in the form of those who own small ranching operations and homesteads, and through these representations, teaches its players that suffering, loss, and rapid technological change are simply part of life. Red Dead Redemption naturalizes and, therefore, depoliticizes the economic downturn. This digitized frontier operates as a safety valve for the pressures brought to bear on American citizenry by the continued repercussions of the 2008 collapse.
The Dangers of Driving the Dalton: The Paradoxical Industrial and Environmental Aesthetics of Ice Road Truckers
Authors: Schell Jennifer
Published: August 2012

This essay argues that the third season of Ice Road Truckers employs a hyperbolic language of fear and death in order to endorse seemingly paradoxical industrial and environmental aesthetics The former makes use of a set of ideas about the technological sublime, while the latter makes use of certain theories about the natural sublime. Presenting viewers with a constant barrage of mechanical images and technical terms, IRT glorifies the development of the North Slope's oil fields, the building of the Haul Road, and the construction of the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline, all of which are cast as marvels of human engineering and examples of the technological sublime. Using the narration and its talk of death and destruction to evoke the natural sublime, Ice Road Truckers shows viewers spectacular aerial footage of the icy, snow-covered mountains of the Brooks Range and the bleak, wind-swept tundra of the North Slope. In the end, this television program effectively sutures these two seemingly irreconcilable versions of the sublime and presents viewers with a vision of the Alaskan wilderness in which the technological and the natural comfortably coexist. By doing so, IRT is able to endorse the industrial development of the Arctic and champion the wildness of nature.
She Hits Like a Man, but She Kisses Like a Girl: TV Heroines, Femininity, Violence, and Intimacy
Authors: Fine Kerry
Published: August 2012

While Western television shows of the past generally gave audiences attractive, well-coiffed, women who fulfilled the traditional roles of the hero's leading lady, contemporary series have seemingly caught up with the women's movement. Characters such as Dale Evans and Miss Kitty handled guns, but only when necessary, and primarily served to back their men's play. Now our small screen western women pack pistols without hesitation, wear the pants, and command the screen. Gemma Teller Morrow of the motorcycle soap opera Sons of Anarchy and federal marshal Mary Shannon of In Plain Sight are two such characters. But have Western heroines really gained equality? What can be learned from the evolution of the character of the western woman? While Morrow commands the town of Charming with a firm hand, it is also a manicured hand under the control of her husband. And Shannon earns the respect of her co-workers and witnesses as a consummate law enforcement officer but fears emotional intimacy in a way that cripples her. By analyzing the juxtaposition of sexuality, violence, and intimacy in these characters, we can interrogate the ways in which these western women are both liberated and subject to traditional gender roles.
Effectiveness of Solar Heat Reflective Coatings in Reducing Asphalt Concrete Temperature
Authors: Chen Zheng , Ma Dengcheng
Published: August 2012

In order to reduce asphalt pavements temperature and mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect, a solar heat reflective coating (HRC) was introduced and applied to the surface of asphalt pavement. Main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the temperature reduction and UHI effect of HRC on asphalt pavement. On the basis of the principles of heat reflection, the HRC was synthesized. The antiskid performance and water permeability of the concretes covered with and without HRC were monitored and compared. Meanwhile, an accelerated loading test with loaded vehicles was performed for these two asphalt concretes. The influence of the reduction in the surface temperature on the air temperature was simulated. The research results indicate that the HRC features a good waterproof ability, as well as it can obviously reduce the surface temperature of asphalt concrete for its high light-reflection rate. Furthermore, the accelerated loading test also suggests that the HRC improves the rutting resistance of the asphalt concrete when exposed to the same irradiation strength. Friction coefficient had slightly reduction, and hence the skid-resistant granular should be recommended to added in asphalt pavement. Therefore, this HRC on asphalt pavement could be adopted as a countermeasure against the UHI effect.
Afferents from Vocal Motor and Respiratory Effectors Are Recruited during Vocal Production in Juvenile Songbirds
Authors: Bottjer Sarah W. , To Michelle
Published: August 2012

Learned behaviors require coordination of diverse sensory inputs with motivational and motor systems. Although mechanisms underlying vocal learning in songbirds have focused primarily on auditory inputs, it is likely that sensory inputs from vocal effectors also provide essential feedback. We investigated the role of somatosensory and respiratory inputs from vocal effectors of juvenile zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during the stage of sensorimotor integration when they are learning to imitate a previously memorized tutor song. We report that song production induced expression of the immediate early gene product Fos in trigeminal regions that receive hypoglossal afferents from the tongue and syrinx (the main vocal organ). Furthermore, unilateral lesion of hypoglossal afferents greatly diminished singing-induced Fos expression on the side ipsilateral to the lesion, but not on the intact control side. In addition, unilateral lesion of the vagus reduced Fos expression in the ipsilateral nucleus of the solitary tract in singing birds. Lesion of the hypoglossal nerve to the syrinx greatly disrupted vocal behavior, whereas lesion of the hypoglossal nerve to the tongue exerted no obvious disruption and lesions of the vagus caused some alterations to song behavior. These results provide the first functional evidence that somatosensory and respiratory feedback from peripheral effectors is activated during vocal production and conveyed to brainstem regions. Such feedback is likely to play an important role in vocal learning during sensorimotor integration in juvenile birds and in maintaining stereotyped vocal behavior in adults.
Neuronal Activity during a Cued Strategy Task: Comparison of Dorsolateral, Orbital, and Polar Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Tsujimoto Satoshi , Genovesio Aldo , Wise Steven P.
Published: August 2012

We compared neuronal activity in the dorsolateral (PFdl), orbital (PFo), and polar (PFp) prefrontal cortex as monkeys performed three tasks. In two tasks, a cue instructed one of two strategies: stay with the previous response or shift to the alternative. Visual stimuli served as cues in one of these tasks; in the other, fluid rewards did so. In the third task, visuospatial cues instructed each response. A delay period followed each cue. As reported previously, PFdl encoded strategies (stay or shift) and responses (left or right) during the cue and delay periods, while PFo encoded strategies and PFp encoded neither strategies nor responses; during the feedback period, all three areas encoded responses, but not strategies. Four novel findings emerged from the present analysis. (1) The strategy encoded by PFdl and PFo cells during the cue and delay periods was modality specific. (2) The response encoded by PFdl cells was task and modality specific during the cue period, but during the delay and feedback periods it became task and modality general. (3) Although some PFdl and PFo cells responded to or anticipated rewards, we could rule out reward effects for most strategy- and response-related activity. (4) Immediately before feedback, only PFp signaled responses that were correct according to the cued strategy; after feedback, only PFo signaled the response that had been made, whether correct or incorrect. These signals support a role in generating responses by PFdl, assigning outcomes to choices by PFo, and assigning outcomes to cognitive processes by PFp.
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals Dynamic Spatiotemporal Properties of Cortical Activity after Spontaneous Muscle Twitches in the Newborn Rat
Authors: McVea David A. , Mohajerani Majid H. , Murphy Timothy H.
Published: August 2012

Spontaneous activity in the developing brain contributes to its maturation, but how this activity is coordinated between distinct cortical regions and whether it might reflect developing sensory circuits is not well understood. Here, we address this question by imaging the spread and synchronization of cortical activity using voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) in the developing ratin vivo. In postnatal day 4–6 rats (n= 10), we collected spontaneous changes in VSD signal that reflect underlying membrane potential changes over a large craniotomy (50 mm2) that encompassed both the sensory and motor cortices of both hemispheres. Bursts of depolarization that occurred approximately once every 12 s were preceded by spontaneous twitches of the hindlimbs and/or tail. The close association with peripheral movements suggests that these bursts may represent a slow component of spindle bursts, a prominent form of activity in the developing somatosensory cortex. Twitch-associated cortical activity was synchronized between subregions of somatosensory cortex, which reflected the synchronized twitching of the limbs and tail. This activity also spread asymmetrically, toward the midline of the brain. We found that the spatial and temporal structure of such spontaneous cortical bursts closely matched that of sensory-evoked activity elicited via direct stimulation of the periphery. These data suggest that spontaneous cortical activity provides a recurring template of functional cortical circuits within the developing cortex and could contribute to the maturation of integrative connections between sensory and motor cortices.
Be-Gehbare Interaktion: Dynamische Persönliche Bereiche für Interaktive Tische
Authors: Nitsche Markus , Klinkhammer Daniel , Reiterer Harald
Published: August 2012

Multitouch-Tische sind eine vielversprechende Technologie um Gruppenarbeit zu unterstützen. Jedoch gibt es dabei viele Faktoren und Prozesse, die es zu berücksichtigen gilt. Dazu zählt unter anderem die Einteilung des Arbeitsbereiches in unterschiedliche Territorien, sowie die Anwendung vor Koordinationsmechanismen zur Konfliktlösung. Des Weiteren hat die bisherige Forschung gezeigt, dass für unterschiedliche Aufgabentypen unterschiedliche räumliche Arrangements um einen Tisch bevorzugt werden. Um diese Aspekte zu adressieren wird das Konzept der Dynamischen persönlichen Bereiche (DPB) vorgestellt. Basierend auf einem integrierten Trackingsystem werden den Benutzern dynamische Arbeitsbereiche zur Verfügung gestellt, welche den Bewegungen der Nutzer folgen und somit Arbeits- und Gruppenprozesse unterstützen. Aufbauend auf dieser technischen Umsetzung wird eine Evaluation vorgestellt die untersucht, welche Auswirkungen die Anwendung eines solchen Systems auf die Benutzer hat.
Begreifbare sich bewegende Objekte in Tisch-basierten Interaktionsszenarien
Authors: Riedenklau Eckard , Hermann Thomas , Ritter Helge
Published: August 2012

Begreifbare Interaktion ist ein sich etablierendes Forschungsfeld der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion. Ein längst noch nicht vollständig untersuchter Zweig dieses Feldes stellen sich selbst bewegende Objekte dar, die völlig neue, bisher nicht erschöpfend untersuchte Interaktionsmöglichkeiten bieten. Vorgestellt werden unter anderem Mechanismen zum Speichern und automatischen Laden von Anordnungen der begreifbaren Objekte, zwei verschiedene Konzepte zur Kommunikation, sowie ein Datenanalysesystem für Blinde und weitere Ansätze für den Einsatz multi-modaler Interaktionstechniken.
Schnittstelle Hand – Kommunikation mit Gefühl
Authors: Bieling Tom , Gollner Ulrike , Joost Gesche
Published: August 2012

Gesellschaftlich marginalisierte Gruppen wie die der taubblinden Menschen werden von unterschiedlichen Formen der Kommunikation mitunter stark ausgeschlossen. Um diesen die Kommunikation zu erleichtern und somit ihre Unabhängigkeit zu fördern, entwickeln wir am Design Research Lab der Berliner Universität der Künste (UdK) den Mobile Lorm Glove. Der Prototyp ist ein mobiles Kommunikationsgerät in Form eines Handschuhs, mit dessen Hilfe sich das deutsche Tastalphabet Lorm in digitalen Text übersetzen lässt und umgekehrt. Textile Drucksensoren ermöglichen dem taubblinden Benutzer Textnachrichten zu verfassen, welche automatisch an das mobile Endgerät oder den Computer weitergeleitet werden. Mit Hilfe kleiner Vibrationsmotoren auf der Rückseite des Handschuhs kann der/die BenutzerIn empfangene Nachrichten wahrnehmen. Dabei findet der Datentransfer zwischen den unterschiedlichen Geräten via Bluetooth statt.
Laminate MEMS for Heterogeneous Integrated Systems
Authors: Li G. P. , Bachman Mark
Published: August 2012

Post semiconductor manufacturing processes (PSM), including packaging and printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing are now capable of producing trace widths of a few micrometers, high aspect ratio vias, three-dimensional constructions, and highly integrated systems in a single small package. Such PSM technology can in principle be used to manufacture micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) for sensing and actuation applications. Although MEMS are traditionally produced using silicon processes, the broad array of manufacturing approaches available in the packaging industry, including lamination, lithography, etching, electroforming, machining, bonding, etc., and the large number of available materials such as polymers, ceramics, metals, etc., provides greater design freedom for producing functional microdevices. The results of such processes applied to fabricating small systems are heterogeneously integrated MEMS devices. Since lamination of stacked layers is a critical component of this process, we refer to these devices as “laminate MEMS.”

In many cases laminate MEMS devices are more suited to their applications than their silicon counterparts, especially for applications such as biomedical, optical, and human computer interface. Furthermore, such microdevices can be built with a high degree of integration, pre-packaged, and at low cost. Indeed, the PCB and packaging industries stand to benefit greatly by expanding their offerings beyond serving the semiconductor industry and developing their own devices and products. This paper illustrates that good quality MEMS devices can be manufactured using packaging style fabrication, particularly using stacks of laminates, and discusses some of the unique benefits of such devices. This laminate MEMS technology promises not only improved methods for manufacturing microdevices but also for heterogeneously integrating them with silicon microelectronics and other components into a single package.
A Low-Voltage and High Uniformity NEMS Tunable Color Filter Based on Subwavelength Grating
Authors: Honma Hiroaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki
Published: August 2012

This paper reports a NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Syetems) tunable color filter based on subwavelength grating with high color uniformity and low drive voltage. We newly proposed a GVG (Ground-Voltage-Ground) type tunable color filter deployed with a parallel-plate actuator with three pairs of electrode to decrease a crosstalk of an electrostatic attraction force between each actuator. The proposed structure was fabricated using an SOI wafer. The color tuning using was demonstrated by applying the drive voltage of 6.7 V. The reflected light intensity was decreased by 34 % at 680 nm wavelength. The color uniformity was also obtained in the filter area by reducing the variation of the displacement on one-dimensional arrayed actuators.
Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films with Extremely High Compressive Stress (>8~12GPa) for Advanced CMOS Strain Engineering
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Yin Huaxiang , Fu Zuozhen , Zhang Haiqiang , Zhang Xu , Yan Jiang , Zhao Chao , Chen Dapeng , Ye Tianchun
Published: August 2012

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films as a new strain-capping material with compressive stress up to 12GPa for strained silicon technology were fabricated by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) deposition system. The films’ compositions and bonding structures were characterized using multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy. The relationship between intrinsic stress and G peak dispersion of the films’ Raman spectra were discussed. The results showed that the bias voltage applied to substrate during deposition determines films’ sp3 bonding content and intrinsic stress. Process compatibility of the DLC films with standard CMOS technology was confirmed by using WDXRF measurement. Also diffusion behavior of carbon atoms in DLC films with copper and silicon was studied with a Cu(200nm)/DLC(40nm)/silicon multilayer structure annealed at 500℃ in N2 atmosphere for an hour. At last, stress induced on silicon surface by DLC strips was characterized using surface sensitive UV-Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that DLC films with extremely high compressive stress have potential application in future CMOS strain engineering.
Postharvest quality of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) stored under ambient condition
Authors: Silva Danielle Fabíola Pereira da , Rocha Railene Hérica Carlos , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum
Published: August 2012

Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is an important genetic resource that has been traditionally used for a variety of purposes, including food, medical and cosmetics applications. The objective of this study was evaluated the quality and the period of postharvest shelf life of cocona 'Mosquet", through the physical, chemical and physiological characterization of fruits stored under the ambient conditions. Physiologically mature fruits were harvested from an orchard, washed with tap water and soaked in a solution of the fungicide Prochloraz (49.5 g/100 L of water) for 5 minutes. After air drying, the fruits were packed in plastic containers and stored at 24 ± 2 ºC and relative humidity 60 ± 5% for 15 days. The fruits developed a respiratory climacteric respiratory patern and remained fit for consumption up to day 6 of storage, that is, without visual symptoms of loss of water and firmness. At this stage, the fruits showed firmness of 117,42 kPa, soluble solids of 6.62º Brix and citric acid of 1.22 %.
Genealogia da intersubjetividade e figurabilidade do afeto: Winnicott e Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Ayouch Thamy
Published: August 2012

Aborda a questão filosófica da intersubjetividade, além da questão tradicional da alteridade. A primazia desta questão não concerne somente à filosofia, mas aparece central nas perspectivas da psicanálise e da psicopatologia, pois trata-se aqui da constituição do relacionamento com o outro, uma experiência fundada na memória do infantil, e jamais adquirida de forma definitiva. A fenomenologia merleau-pontyana explicita essa experiência cotidiana do outro. A psicanálise winnicottiana permite reconstituir uma genealogia da intersubjetividade, uma descrição de vivências arcaicas atestáveis graças à transferência, conduzindo a consequências éticas, tanto na teorização, como na clínica, e no atendimento de formas contemporâneas da psicopatologia. Ressalta como a centralidade do corpo e do outro na fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty tem ecos na psicanálise winnicottiana e como ambas revelam um ato psíquico específico, próprio à intersubjetividade e à figuração do afeto, entre percepção e alucinação, interior e exterior, sujeito e outro.