bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and prediction of storm water levels in Delaware inland bays
Authors: Strazzella Michele , Kobayashu Nobuhisa , Zhu Tingting
Published: August 2019

A simple approach based on an analytical model and available tide gauge data is proposed for the analysis of storm tide damping inside inland bays with complex bathymetry and for the prediction of peak water levels at gauge locations during storms. The approach was applied to eight tide gauges in the vicinity of inland bays in Delaware. Peak water levels at the gauge locations were analyzed for 34 storms during 2005-2017. A damping parameter in the analytical model was calibrated for each bay gauge. The calibrated model predicted the peak water levels within errors of about 0.2 m except for Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The analytical model including wave overtopping was used to estimate the peak wave overtopping rate over the barrier beach from the measured peak water level in the adjacent bay.
Odziv oblasti na pastoralno dejavnost Katoliške Cerkve v Sloveniji v letih 1965–1975 (2. del)
Authors: Pacek Dejan
Published: August 2019

Katoliška cerkev v Sloveniji je zaradi uresničevanja sklepov drugega vatikanskega koncila, normalizacije odnosa med Jugoslavijo in Svetim sedežem ter sočasnega nastopa liberalnega obdobja v jugoslovanski notranji politiki po letu 1965 opazno prenovila in intenzivirala pastoralno dejavnost. To je vodilo v konflikt s komunistično oblastjo, saj je postal ogrožen njen dotedanji monopol nad slovensko družbo na področju urbanizma, vzgoje in izobraževanja, dobrodelnosti in dejavnega organiziranja ljudi. Članek obravnava odziv slovenske oblasti na pastoralo Katoliške cerkve med letoma 1965 in 1975 v luči njenih dveh temeljnih dejavnosti: diakonije in koinonie. V zvezi s prvo je predstavljen odziv oblasti na organizirano karitativno dejavnost Cerkve, pri drugi pa je predstavljen odziv oblasti na pojav župnijskih pastoralnih svetov.
A Finnis-based Understanding of the Rule of Law and the Dialectical Method of Aquinas
Authors: Tomažič Luka Martin
Published: August 2019

The paper investigates the possibility of a conception of the Rule of Law, based on Finnis’ natural law theory. His claim that law exists in degrees, but has a focal meaning, is the starting point to the research. A contradiction regarding incommensurability of values in connection with the focal meaning of law is emphasized and an interpretive turn to his theory proposed. It is claimed that the substantive elements of the Rule of Law can be understood through his concept of common good. In order to assess the congruence of individual laws with the Rule of Law, supplementation with the dialectical method of Aquinas is proposed. Such an approach also enables the restatement of modern natural law on a theological foundation, which is, however, more nuanced than its older natural law counterparts.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik Siswa SMK Di Kota CIMAHI Pada Materi Program Linear
Authors: Elfia Sri Rahayu, Resti Naila
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematiksiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah pada materi program linear. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI di salah satu SMK di Kota Cimahi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen terdiri dari soal kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Tes yang dikerjakan siswa diberi skor dan dilakukan analisis terhadap kesalahan jawaban. Dari hasil penelitiandari 29 siswamenunujkan bahwa siswa yang tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah pada tahap pemahaman masalah sebanyak 6 orang. Siswa tidak dapat melakukan perencanaan strategi atau transformasi sebanyak 11 orang. Siswa tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah sebanyak 18 orang. Siswa tidak dapat menyimpulkan jawaban sebanyak 23 orang. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada salah satu SMK di Kota Cimahi masih tergolong rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan
Pengaruh Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dan Cara Belajar Siswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Sofie Dinia,  Eva Dwi Minarti
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam pembelajaran matematika menurut siswakelas XI di satuSMA Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei. Data diperolehdengan cara memberikan angket kepada siswa,selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Angket terdiri dari 16 butir pernyataan mengenai penerapan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dan cara belajar siswadalam pembelajaran matematika. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 36 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 36% siswa menyetujui penggunaan Kurikulum 2013 pada pembelajaran matematika, namun sebanyak 31% siswa tidak menyetujui adanya klasifikasi matematika minat & wajib, selainitu siswa merasa keberatan dengan penambahan jam pelajaran pada Kurikulum 2013. Kurikulum 2013 juga membawa dampak bagi cara belajar matematika siswa.
Can neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio be used as a marker of fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis C?
Authors: KARAHAN Samet , KARAMAN Ahmet
Published: August 2019

Background: It is reported that about 170-200 million people are chronically
infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world. In developed countries,
about 25% of cirrhosis cases, one third of hepatocellular cancers, and 40% of
all chronic hepatitis cases are caused by HCV. In this study, we want to
determine the utility of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict the
fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods:
In our study NLR was prospectively investigated whether it can predict, or not
the fibrosis on patients who diagnosed Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and underwent
liver biopsy in July 2011 - January 2013 by Kayseri Training and Research
Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology.  Results:
81 patients diagnosed with CHC and underwent liver biopsy were included in the
study. Fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in liver biopsy specimens was
determined in accordance to Ishak fibrosis scoring system. All Ishak scores
were re-scored according to France METAVIR Cooperative Study Group as Score 0,
1, 2, 3, 4. In such re-scored METAVIR scores, Score 0, 1, 2 were defined as low
fibrosis and Score 3, 4 were defined as high fibrosis. 46 of 81 patients (% 57)
were in low fibrosis group and 35 of them (43%) were in high fibrosis group.
When Comparing the NLRs; it is seen that in low fibrosis group NLR was 2.09 and
in high fibrosis group NLR was 1.72 (p=0.038). It is seen that AST predicts fibrosis
because of AST/ALT ratio was higher due to increase in favor of AST especially
in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, NLR predicts fibrosis with 60%
sensitivity and 65.2 % specificity if cutt off value is taken as 1.77. 

Conclusion: According to our results, NLR can predicts the degree of liver
fibrosis in chronic liver disease, despite it’s lower sensitivity and
specificity.
İdiopatik makula deliği cerrahisinde uzun dönem sonuçlarımız
Authors: OYUR Gülistan , HAZAR Leyla , ALKIN Zeynep , ÇAKIR Mehmet
Published: August 2019

Amaç: İdiopatik makula deliği cerrahisinde
23G sütürsuz vitrektomi ile triamsinolon asetonid kullanılarak iç limitan
membran soyulmasını değerlendirmek.Materyal
ve Metot:
Beyoğlu Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2006-2011 yıllarında, makula
deliği nedeniyle 23 Gauge pars plana vitrektomi (PPV) ile iç limitan membran
(İLM) (triamsinolon asetonid yardımıyla) soyulan ve göz içi gaz tamponadı
uygulanan 44 hastanın 49 gözüne ait veriler retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yaş,
cinsiyet, makula deliği evresi, en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği (GK),
semptom süresi, cerrahi sonrası fonksiyonel başarı ve optik kohorens tomografi
ile anatomik olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Ortalama yaşları 67 ±9,51 olan
hastaların 28’i kadın (%57,1) ve 21’i (%42,9) erkekti. Deliklerin 26 tanesi
(%53,1) evre 3, 20 tanesi (%40,8) evre 4, 3 tanesi ise (%6,1) evre 2 idi.
Hastaların şikayet süresi ortalama 4,14±3,22 ay (1-12 ay) idi. Ortalama 13,81±
9,44 ay (6-58 ay) takip edilen hastaların 44’ünde (%89,8) anatomik başarı elde
edildi. Snellen eşeline göre 2 veya daha fazla sıra görme artışı olan hasta
oranı %51 (25 göz) oldu. Görme kaybı 6 aydan daha az olan vakaların hem
preoperatif en iyi düzeltilmiş GK hem de postoperatif en iyi düzeltilmiş
GK’ları daha iyi saptandı. Son vizitteki en iyi düzeltilmiş GK ile deliğin
evresi, delik çapı, preoperatif en iyi düzeltilmiş GK ve tamponad çeşiti
arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı. Ameliyat sonrası, 33 hastada (%67,3)
katarakt, 3 hastada (%6,1) hipotoni gelişti.

Sonuç: 23 G sütürsuz PPV ile triamsinolon
asetonid kullanılarak İLM soyulması uygulanan idiopatik makula deliği
tedavisinin yüksek anatomik ve fonksiyonel başarı ile sonuçlandığı görüldü.
Erken dönemde başvuru ve erken cerrahinin sonuç en iyi düzeltilmiş GK’yı
etkileyen en önemli faktör olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Qui in consilio estis: судебные советники наместников в эпоху Ранней империи
Authors: Kantor G.M.
Published: August 2019

This article provides an overview of the literary, legal and documentary evidence of the period of the Late Republic and the Principate on the composition and mandate of judicial advisers of the Roman governors of the province, to the institutionalization and the bureaucratization of their role in the third century BC as well As the officials in Rome, governors retain during this period considerable freedom in choosing their advisers. This freedom, however, was limited by the Convention, which required the Council to invite other Roman officials in the province and representatives of the local elite, as well as the reduction of the usual number of Council members in comparison with the Republican period, to about 12 members. This limited the ability of the Governor to use appointments to his Council for political purposes. The Council made it possible to involve local legal expertise, including in matters of local law, but not in all cases the legal advisers of the governors were its full members. Although our sources do not give grounds to consider that the sentence of the Governor were in all cases bound by the recommendation of the Council, some evidence speaks in favor of the assumption that in some provinces (Achaia, Asia, Bithynia) in the period between Principate of Augustus and Trajan, the Council could be replaced in the criminal trial the permanent judicial commissions (quaestiones) on the Roman model, directly attested in edicts August of Cyrenaica.

В данной статье дается обзор литературных, юридических и документальных свидетельств периода Поздней Республики и Принципата о составе и полномочиях судебных советников римских наместников провинции, до институционализации и бюрократизации их роли в III в. н. э. Как и должностные лица в самом Риме, наместники сохраняют в этот период значительную свободу в выборе своих советников. Эта свобода, однако, была ограничена конвенцией, требовавшей приглашать в совет других представителей римской власти в провинции и представителей местной элиты, а также сокращением обычной численности совета в сравнении с республиканским периодом, до примерно 12 членов. Это ограничивало возможности наместника использовать назначения в свой совет в политических целях. Совет давал возможность привлекать местную юридическую экспертизу, в т. ч. в вопросах местного права, однако не во всех случаях юридические консультанты наместников были его полноправными членами. Хотя наши источники не дают оснований считать, что приговор наместника был во всех случаях связан рекомендацией совета, ряд свидетельств говорит в пользу предположения, что в ряде провинций (Ахайя, Азия, Вифиния) в период между принципатами Августа и Траяна совет мог заменяться в уголовном судопроизводстве постоянными судебными комиссиями (quaestiones) по римскому образцу, прямо засвидетельствованными в эдиктах Августа из Киренаики.
The federal project «Development of the system of primary health care» as the main reserve for increase of accessibility and quality of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation
Authors: Корочкин Александ , Korochkin Aleksand , Ходырева Ирина , Hodyreva Irina , Таубкина Софья , Taubkina Sof'ya
Published: August 2019

The article presents the targeted indicators and main activities of the federal project «Development of the system of primary health care», as well as Roszdravnadzors areas of control over their achievement and realization.
The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibilities on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises of Khulna City
Authors: Lopa Nusrat Zahan , Ahmad Md Shakil
Published: August 2019

Purpose: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now a growing concern throughout the world. All type of firms i.e. large firms to small and medium firms are becoming aware about the term as it has found to be significantly associated with improving corporate image, which in turn influence overall performance of the firms. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the level of awareness of SME owners about CSR and also to identify the effects of CSR on financial performance particularly on Small and medium Enterprises (SME).
Methodology: Total 330 SMEs have been surveyed to achieve the objective of the study. Five variables has been used to determine SMEs’ CSR activities i.e. activities on employees, customers, environment, country, community and society. To determine financial performance, data regarding sales and profitability of past five years is used. Correlation and regression is used to determine the effect of CSR activities on financial performance. Beside this, SME owners’ perception has been summarized from open-ended question.
Findings: The study suggests that more than half of the SME owners (around 60%) are aware about CSR, but they cannot give a concrete definition regarding it. From correlation analysis it was found that all the variables (activities on employees, customers, environment, country, community and society) have significant positive relationship with financial performance of SMEs. Regression analysis says that three variables e.g. CSR on employees, customers and environment has significant positive effect on financial performance of SMEs. Other two variables e.g. CSR on country and CSR on community and society have no significant effect on financial performance of the firms.
Originality/Value: This study summarized the SME owners’ perception regarding CSR and their activities on CSR. No such study has been conducted in Bangladesh particularly on SMEs and influence of CSR activities on their financial performance.
Exploring the Factors Influencing to Create Brand Awareness of Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) through the usage of Social Media in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Sharmistha , Sultana Sabrin
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors influencing non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Bangladesh to communicate with potential donors by using social media. Because it is very strongest way to reach mass people. Social media is a composition of various online communications channels that build relationships between community people by sharing messages and collaboration. In recent years, social media becomes a convenient way to build personal relationship among people as well as corporate relationships. Organizations are more interested to build relationships with prospective customers by using social media.
Methodology: This paper is both in exploratory and descriptive in nature. Types of research methods can be broadly divided into two categories such as quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative research is used for problem setting and quantitative research is used for collecting primary data and analyzing them. Our sampling units are 100 that are most of the students and service holders. Samples were chosen by using nonprobability sampling technique. Using close ended question, a survey was conducted on target respondents for collecting primary data. For analyzing those data IBM SPSS software was used.
Findings: This study is basically initiated to identify the factors that nonprofit organizations must consider to create brand awareness through the usage of social media. We have found three factors considering twenty-five variables: increase brand memorability, charity involvement as well as ease of brand recognition and chain referrals.
Research Limitations: This study is a descriptive one and small sample size was used. For future research, sample size could be broadened.
Practical Implications: This study will contribute to the non-profit organizations’ strategic planning to create brand awareness among prospective donors by using social media.
Originality/value: This study develops an integrated model that explicitly exemplifies the factors influencing NPOs to build strong relationships with potential donors by using social media. By using factor analysis, this paper became able to find out three factors such as increase brand memorability, charity involvement as well as ease of brand recognition and chain referrals.
MANAJEMEN DAKWAH DI TENGAH PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: Suhadi Suhadi
Published: August 2019

Abstract The development of information technology enhances the management of missionary endeavor (da’wah) because the development of information technology is able to change the mindset and attitude patterns of mankind. In this process, the principles of missionary endeavor (da’wah) management must be applied by besides giving precise meaning about the meaning of communicator, media and audience that need to be developed on broader meaning through information technology. The use of information technology to support the management of missionary endeavor (da’wah) will provide effectiveness to the flow of missionary endeavor (da’wah).
EFEKTIFITAS POSISI MIRING DENGAN POSISI SETENGAH DUDUK TERHADAP LAMA PERSALINAN KALA II
Authors: Nurdiyan Ayu
Published: August 2019

Empat komplikasi penyebab langsung kematian ibu di dunia yang tertinggi adalah karena partus lama sebanyak 1270 kasus kejadian (24,5%), perdarahan 601 kasus (11,6%), infeksi 485 kasus (9,3%) dan kejang 166 kasus (3,2%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Efektifitas posisi miring dan setengah duduk pada ibu bersalin terhadap lama persalinan kala II di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Koto Bangko Kabupaten Padang Pariamantahun 2019. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat pra-eksperimental desain atau quasi eksperimen dengan jenis post test with design two eksperiment. Penelitiandilakukan di di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Koto Bangko. Populasi penelitian ibu bersalin di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Koto Bangko yang berjumlah 16 orang. Sampel diambil secara total sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi dengan partograf dan dianalisis secara uni variat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata lama persalinan kala II pada ibu bersalin dengan posisi miring adalah 13,12 menit, dan rata-rata lama persalinan kala II pada ibu bersalin dengan posisi setengah duduk adalah 18,50 menit. Ada Efektifitas antara lama persalinan kala II dengan posisi miring dan posisi setengah duduk di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Koto Bangko Kabupaten Padang Pariaman tahun 2019 dengan p value 0,034. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan ada Efektifitas antara lama persalinan kala II dengan posisi miring dan posisi setengah duduk. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk merencanakan persalinan dengan menyarankan memilih posisi miring sehingga persalinan kala II berlangsung dengan cepat.
An Assessment of Climate Variability on Farmers’ Livelihoods Vulnerability in Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar
Authors: Lar Naw M. , Pumijumnong Nathsuda , Roachanakanan Raywadee , Arunrat Noppol , Tint Soe
Published: August 2019

This study assesses the vulnerability of farm households in the Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. Fifty-nine farm households were purposively sampled to conduct a questionnaire survey, and secondary data were collected in 2016. In order to assess variability in household vulnerability, the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), based on five types of ‘capital’ as identified in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, was adopted and modified according to the local context. Vulnerability scores ranged from 0 (low vulnerability) to 1 (highly vulnerable), with an average LVI of 0.442, indicating moderate overall vulnerability across the study area. Regarding the five types of ‘capital’, households were most vulnerable in terms of financial capital with an average value of 0.530, followed by natural capital (0.515) and physical capital (0.418). Households were classified into three vulnerability groups (low, moderate, and high) to identify those households most likely to need special attention. The survey found that the vulnerability of each asset they suffered was different across the township. The results also revealed that the production area of households classed as highly financially vulnerable found in the flood-prone and saline intrusion areas. It is clear that in order to reduce the vulnerability of farm households, more interventions are needed to enhance access to agricultural credit, diversifying livelihoods, provision of farm technology, inputs and knowledge as well as upgrading of basic infrastructure.
Investigating Reef Contact Rates of Snorkel Visitors at Koh Sak, Pattaya on Guided and Non-guided Coral Reef Tours
Authors: Phillips Wayne
Published: August 2019

Recreational snorkelling is a popular activity at Koh Sak, Pattaya Bay and although most snorkel visitors to the island arrive by speedboat on guided tours, many visitors arrive on tours that do not provide a guide. Because there is widespread agreement that reef-based tourism negatively impacts coral reefs it is important to understand the potential role guides play in reducing visitor impacts. In this study 421 snorkelers (35 % of whom came on non-guided tours) were observed on the reef for a period of 10 minutes. The following information was recorded so that a per person reef-contact rate could be calculated: the snorkelers’ distance from their guide (if they had one), the number of people in their snorkelling group, and the number of contacts with the reef. There was no difference in contact rate between males (0.09 contacts min-1) andfemales (0.11 contacts min-1) nor was there any difference based on the group size (2-7 people). However, contact rates for snorkelers on tours with no guide (0.09 contacts min-1) and snorkelers far from their guide (0.08 contacts min-1) were significantly lower than visitors who snorkelled near their guide (0.18 contacts min-1; p < 0.001). The contact rate of guides (0.36 contacts min-1) was significantly greater than the snorkelers they were looking after (0.17 contacts min-1) in part due to the lack of knowledge and experience of snorkelers and guides alike. To reduce negative impacts to the coral reefs of Koh Sak guides need to change their destructive behaviour and improve their knowledge of reef biology and ecology.
Risk Management of Lead and Arsenic Poisoning in Children through Public Participation in Communities near Abandoned Tin Mine, Southern Thailand
Authors: Pongkaset Anchalee , Witthayawirasak Banchong
Published: August 2019

Tamtalu Subdistrict, Bannangsta District in Yala Province, southern Thailand was the site of an abandoned tin mine, and was contaminated by lead and arsenic from the mine tailings. As children are a high risk group from these highly toxic contaminants, this study aimed to identify approaches to reduce children’s exposure in the area. The study was conducted through participatory action research (PAR) to empower the community strengthen sustainable risk management. The participants were local public health officials, public health volunteers, parents of local children and local community leaders. The participants were engaged in activities relating to risk communication, training on exposure prevention, planning of risk management and implementation of the plan. The children’s risks were communicated to the villagers during community meetings. Trainings on how to prevent As and Pb exposure were provided, and preventive strategies planned and implemented. After a six-month period of the intervention, levels of As and Pb in the hair of local children’s decreased significantly (p< 0.01 and p< 0.05, respectively). The parents’ knowledge of how to prevent children from As and Pb exposure increased significantly (p<0.01). The results indicated that PAR can be used to mitigate problems of chronic environmental exposure and poisoning. In addition, the Ottawa Chatter concept can be applied for long-term management. Economic status and effective risk reduction programmes are key determinants for successful implementation of local community-based risk management plans.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Design Options for a Rooftop Solar PV Self-consumption Scheme in Thailand
Authors: Kokchang Kespanerai , Tongsopit Sopitsuda , Junlakarn Siripha , Wibulpolprasert Wichsinee , Tossabanyad Morrakot
Published: August 2019

Adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems has been accelerating around the world, contributing to the debate about the future of policy and regulation in a high distributed energy resources future. As one of the leaders in solar investment in Southeast Asia, Thailand has recently shifted its policy framework for the support of small scale, distributed solar PV systems from subsidizing power export through feed-in tariff toward a policy that is focused on self-consumption. This paper investigates stakeholder perspectives of the detailed design options for self-consumption schemes for supporting rooftop solar PV installations. The research methodology employed questionnaires and focus group discussion in order to capture stake-holder perspectives for each element of rooftop solar PV self-consumption schemes. In all, the data derived from questionnaires and focus group discussion involved a total of 72 stakeholders. The results indicate that most stakeholder groups expressed a strong desire for compensation for excess generation of PV electricity from rooftop PV systems. While the majority of electric utilities prefer a system of net billing with real-time buyback, designed to minimize revenue losses, consumers and policymakers preferred a net-metering-based compensation scheme for supporting use of rooftop PV electricity in Thailand.
Development of Work-Rest Model for Reducing Fatigue in a Long Distance among Chemical Truck Drivers: Case Study in an Industrial Gas
Authors: Phatrabuddha Sujee , Wonginta Thitima , Phatrabuddha Nantaporn
Published: August 2019

This study examined the impact of rest breaks on driver fatigue. The study developed and tested a work-rest model to reduce fatigue for chemical truck drivers, following International Labor Organization (ILO) guidelines. The model was tested on a small sample of workers driving from a gas filling plant in Sattahip District, Chonburi Province to Muang District, Samut Sakorn Province. To test the model, data on driver fatigue was assessed using an interview questionnaire and a flicker fusion instrument, and the Z-test was used to compare fatigue among three work-rest patterns. The results showed 24% of working time (173 min) for the drivers sampled was allocated for relaxation, based on a mean driving time of 12 h. Two work-rest models were developed, considering driving distance, time and levels of fatigue. The findings indicated that the regular schedule pattern resulted in the highest levels of fatigue, both as measured by subjective questionnaire and objectively by the critical flicker frequency value (CFF). Model II, with two 26-min rest breaks, offers a more effective model to reduce fatigue, using less driving time than model I, with four 13-min rest breaks. However, this resulted in other new challenges, for example, the need for extended shifts, an increase in production costs and personal costs. Transportation business owners should prepare meals and drinks for chemical transport drivers on the Sattahip to SamutSakorn route (and other cross-province routes) in order to make it more convenient for themto follow safety practices.
Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Ogun River, Abeokuta Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ewuoso Lateefat M. , Balogun Saka A. , Kareem Sarafadeen O. , Akinhanmi Temilade F.
Published: August 2019

Although Escherichia coli (E. coli)is a harmless gut microbe in man, some strains of this bacterium are pathogenic due to the acquisition of virulence factors. The aim of this study isto investigate E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from Ogun River, Abeokuta metropolis, for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Water samples were collected bimonthly from six different locations over a period of six months. The samples were cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar and E. coli O157:H7 isolates were confirmed through serological characterization using the latex agglutination test. The presence of virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, and hylA) in the isolates was analyzed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further, antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was tested using the disc diffusion method. The PCR analysis revealed that the five E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated possessed Shiga toxin 1 (stx1), Shiga toxin 2 (stx2), and Haemolysin (hlyA) genes. Additionally, the isolates were resistant to Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin, Amoxicillin, and Pefloxacin. This study shows that E. coli O157:H7 strains are present in Ogun River and that these strains possess multiple virulence factors and are resistant to multiple drugs.
Assessment of Hearing Loss among Workers in a Power Plant in Thailand
Authors: Watchalayann Pensri , Laokiat Laksana
Published: August 2019

Noise exposure in the working environment is a major cause of hearing impairment for workers; an audiogram hearing threshold level above 20 dB is considered irregular. In this study, audiometric data were analyzed with the objective of assessing hearing loss among power plant workers based on their age, noise exposure level, years of working, and work characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess hearing level data for 672 workers reserved by the Health Care Unit of the power plant. The most recent audiometric data presented during 2013-2015 were used in the statistical analysis at 5 % level of significance. It was found that the most dominant frequency with reference to age and work experience is the test frequency at 4,000 Hz. The most prominent suffering significant hearing loss for both ears is the age group of 50-60 years, consistent with more than 35 years of working. The most significant exposure level is noise level at 81-84 dBA for the left ear only. The work characteristics were found to be the most significant factor affecting hearing loss in both ears. The t-test reveals no significant difference in hearing loss in both ears at all test frequencies. Hearing loss is found to occur at 4,000 and 6,000 Hz; therefore, there is a necessity to implement noise control measures specifically for each work group. Although there is an educational and training program in the power plant, all workers should still be educated continuously on how to use hearing protection equipment correctly to enhance awareness of the hazards of noise to hearing. Periodic audiometry should be performed to early detect noise-induced hearing loss specifically the notch occurring at 4,000 and 6,000 Hz, together with engineering control in order to reduce unwanted sound.
Reduction of GHG Emissions Using Zeolite 4A under Different Fertilizer Usages in Rice Cultivation
Authors: Natpinit Patthanant , Chantrawongphaisal Borisut , Anuwattana Rewadee , Ditkaew Thitirat , Kongsomboon Chotika , Thapnui Phavit , Hongcharoensri Phongsak
Published: August 2019

This investigation examined the potential of zeolite 4A to reduce emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in rice cultivation under different fertilizer regimes. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments (different fertilizer application method) and 2 blocks (zeolite 4A application, using rice variety RD-41 sown at a seed rate of 15.625 g m-2, and harvested in 105 d in Lam Ta Khong Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima. The experimental results demonstrated that significant reduction in GHG emissions in zeolite 4A treated plots, either alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, with GHG reduction of 43.27 % and 34.69 %, respectively. It was concluded that zeolite 4A has potential to reduce GHG emissions in rice cultivation, and that effect may be dose-dependent.
Function Quality Improvement of Mahakam Riverbanks as a Public Open Space
Authors: Makarau V , Languju P , La Putju R , Egam P
Published: August 2019

The increasing numbers of people and buildings that continue to grow and tend to be uncontrolled in the settlement causing some negative impacts one of them is the consistency of land allotment. This has resulted in some impacts such as ineffective utilities and environmental infrastructures, no mitigation system, and the unavailability of space for public spaces and other supporting facilities that supposed to be available within a settlement. Kampung Arab is one of a densely populated settlements located in the middle of business center area of Manado City, occupies the Mahakam riverbank. The limited space available in Kampung Arab has caused the settlements tend to be slummed and doesn’t have public open space as one of the residential support facilities. In addition, this settlement expands riverbanks so the functions of riverbanks become disturbed, and these settlements are often at risk of flooding. The purpose of this research is to analyze the function of Mahakam riverbanks against flood risk and to analyze the possibility of public space and pedestrian ways availability at the location of Mahakam riverbanks around the Kampung Arab settlement. The research method is qualitative descriptive method. Primary data were obtained through field observation, documentation, and interviews. The research is located in Kampung Arab settlement which occupies the banks of Mahakam River. Further analysis is done: 1) analysis of existing settlement of Kampung Arab to the Mahakam River related to: building’s orientation, river border, activity and behavior of society 2] analysis of public open space availability and its former elements, 3] analysis of settlement utility system and at the final stage conducted an analysis related to community activities and behavior. Expected results through this research are: improving function and quality of Mahakam River, restoring the function of riverbanks and public open space availability as social interaction space.
Design of Hybrid Energy Control System for Powering Small Scale Green House
Authors: Poekoel Vecky C. , Poekoel Riecky , Litouw Jane I. , Sompie Sherwin R.U.A. , Robot Reynold F. , Kambey Feisy D. , Manembu Pinrolinvic D.K.
Published: August 2019

The world energy crisis from non-renewable fossil energy sources greatly impacts the electricity sector. Meanwhile energy is needed to ensure food security is estimated at 38 percent of the energy consumed in the food system. Agrifood systems require renewable energy, access to modern energy services in rural areas, technology related to climate-smart agriculture. Hybrid technology makes it possible, we combine several new and renewable energy sources to save electricity more effectively and efficiently. Able to manage the shifting period of any renewable energy source in hybrid energy by the control system. In this case, each of these new renewable energies can be arranged based on their respective existence. With the existence of a power plant with renewable energy in the form of hybrid energy, it can also facilitate farmers in terms of electricity sources because in the most recent agriculture there is no electricity installed. With this method farmers can process the natural products they have easily, and are cost-effective.
Implementation of Automatic In-store Dryer for Improving Agriculture Product
Authors: Poekoel Vecky C. , Litouw Jane I. , Robot Reynold F. , Manembu Pinrolinvic D.K. , Kambey Feisy D.
Published: August 2019

The post-harvest agricultural products handling is important to improve quality and to reduce yield loss Shallot is one of perishable agricultural commodities. Inappropriate post-harvest handling of onion can causes loss in weight, damage bulbs because of rotten, moldy, and new shoots grow. The traditional process of drying agricultural commodities can takes around 7-9 days under direct sunlight and 3-4 weeks depending on weather conditions when restore in the drying room. This causes more time for post-harvest processing and farmers to be needed. The installation of the automatic instore dryer provides a solution where the drying time is less than a week with the level of humidity and temperature are based to the target set point and not too dependent on outdoor weather. While temperature conditions under regulated temperature, the heating process uses light bulb while the air circulation inside the instore is using the exhaust. The output signal of the controller will activate the incandescent and exhaust lights based on the difference between the sensing temperature and humidity sensors installed in the room and set point.
Design of Eco-Drainage System for Real Estate in Indonesia
Authors: Kusumastuti Cilcia , Chandra Herry Pintardi , Wibisono Kristanto , Hartono Antonius Christoper
Published: August 2019

Land use change occurs in many cities in Indonesia. Population growth causes the expansion of residential area. Without proper planning and design, the development of residential area can increase the runoff volume. The objective of this study is to provide an eco-drainage system design for real estate in Indonesia to minimize the possible increased runoff.The study area in this paper is a bare area of 14,602.26 m2 in Mojokerto Regency, East Java, Indonesia which is planned to be developed into real estate. The design of eco-drainage system consists of installation of 4400 litre of rainwater storage tank and a 1200 m3 of retention pond. The analysis includes the estimation of peak discharge of the selected area using the Rational formula and estimation of evapotranspiration in the retention pond using Thornthwaite method. The result of the analysis shows that 50.2 m2 of roof surface can capture rainwater varies from 0.04 – 18.4 m3/month. The water is used to fulfil the household water needs in the real estate such as for sanitation & waste disposal, gardening, personal washing, cleaning home, and washing clothes along the year except in August and September. While overflow of the tank occurs in January, February, and March. The excess rainfall, which is not captured, flows to the retention pond. It is used for watering public garden using a sprinkling water system. The combination of chosen dimension of storage tank and retention pond can reduce the runoff volume minimum by 48.19% in February in the study area.The proposed design still cannot accommodate all excess rainfall due to the transformation of a bare land into real estate. Therefore, it is recommended to consider another utilization of water in the retention pond.
Desenvolvimento de mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos para a simulação de chamas e a utilização de softwares matemáticos para sua interpretação
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Boff , Andreis Greice da Silva Lorenzzetti
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho é resultado do projeto de pesquisa “Desenvolvimento de mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos para a simulação de chamas e a utilização de softwares matemáticos para sua interpretação”, que visa obter mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos para diferentes combustíveis e explorar softwares matemáticos. A combustão é um processo de oxidação rápida, normalmente de intensidades variáveis. Sendo assim, as simulações numéricas são complicadas pois existem grandes diferenças nas escalas de tempo das conversões entre espécies. Enquanto a combustão do hidrogênio pode ser modelada com 17 reações (PETERS, ROGG, 1993), o biodiesel possui mais de 7000 reações (CRECK MODELING GROUP, 2012). Assim, existe a necessidade de desenvolver mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos que possuam menos variáveis, rigidez moderada e boa precisão. Os mecanismos detalhados podem ser reduzidos utilizando hipóteses de equilíbrio parcial, regime permanente, e métodos de redução que buscam remover espécies e reações de menor importância como a análise de sensibilidade e o método “Direct Relation Graph”. Cada reação possui uma taxa que é dada em função das concentrações das espécies e envolve um coeficiente dado pela equação modificada de Arrhenius: k_i=AT^n*exp(-E/(RT)), onde A é o fator de frequência, T a temperatura, E a energia de ativação e R a constante dos gases. A pesquisa consistiu na automatização do processo de análise do grau de magnitude do coeficiente da taxa de reação desenvolvida por Andreis (2011). Ao mesmo tempo em que o algoritmo desenvolvido em Scilab elimina as reações mais rápidas, ele garante que não sejam eliminadas reações importantes na queda hierárquica das espécies do mecanismo.
Introdução ao Maple
Authors: Neves João Cândido Moraes , Santos Fernanda Rogeria Noronha dos
Published: August 2019

O objetivo dessa oficina de introdução ao Maple é abordar os comandos básicos para que o usuário se motive a explorar esta ferramenta por via de suas necessidades e interesses. Seu principal benefício é realizar cálculos algébricos de forma simples e de fácil manipulação. É um software de fácil acesso aos tutoriais que incluem exemplos e explicações bem detalhadas das rotinas de cálculo. Também vale destacar o quão relevante é o uso de ferramentas computacionais para auxiliar na aplicação de técnicas de cálculos matemáticos elementares, na resolução de problemas, na análise e interpretação de funções algébricas e nos cálculos estatísticos. Além disso, as ferramentas computacionais possibilitam os procedimentos de análise gráfica e a implementação de determinados métodos numéricos que, para Santos (2008, p. 49), “necessitam de grandes quantidades de dados e de cálculos, que na maioria dos casos são extremamente complicados e demandam de muito tempo na sua execução”. Segundo Andrade (2004, p. 16), o Maple é um “software de fácil interação e de grande confiabilidade”, sendo assim, uma ferramenta que possibilita um melhor entendimento de muitos conteúdos de matemática. Para realização dessa oficina foi necessário um laboratório de informática com 25 computadores, com um participante por computador, para que pudesse interagir com o software e entender as rotinas no desenvolvimento dos cálculos, bem como na análise dos mesmos. Espera-se que esta oficina tenha servido de base para que os participantes consigam interagir com o software e avançar na utilização de rotinas mais elaboradas. Nesta oficina foi usada a plataforma do Maple (2011).
A Matemática nos fenômenos de refração e difração de ondas marítimas no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Szewcyk Susana Beatris Oliveira
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é integrar programas de pré e pós-processamento na análise de propagação de ondas marítimas, em zonas costeiras, usando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Os dados de saída do SIG, que contém as informações do domínio de estudo, são tratados e, a partir desses, são gerados os dados que servem de entrada para um modelo de propagação de ondas. Os resultados obtidos pelo modelo são preparados para que possam ser visualizados. A ferramenta SIG adotada é o SPRING e o modelo de propagação de ondas é o REFDIF1 (KIRBY; DALRYMPLE, 1994). Para tal, foram desenvolvidos os programas de pré e pós-processamento SPRING_REFDIF e REFDIF_SPRING, que facilitaram o fluxo de informações entre as fases de pré-processamento, processamento e pós-processamento, diminuindo o tempo de estudo do problema. A validação dessa plataforma foi realizada em uma simulação de propagação de ondas marítimas em uma região do litoral sul do Rio Grande do Sul.
Material concreto nas aulas de Matemática: estudo com alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Farias Marilei Dias de Souza , Daminelli Elisa
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o uso do material concreto nas aulas de Matemática. Os resultados de avaliações, como a Prova Brasil, têm indicado baixo desempenho dos estudantes na aprendizagem de Matemática. Através da experiência docente, percebe-se que o uso de materiais de apoio nas aulas pode contribuir para a aprendizagem da Matemática. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o uso do material concreto nas aulas de Matemática auxilia na aprendizagem dos alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma intervenção didática com oito alunos de uma turma de 2º ano, em uma escola estadual do município de Palmares do Sul. A escola está localizada na zona rural, onde o número de alunos por turma é pequeno. O trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa que gerou dados qualitativos e quantitativos. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa-ação, na qual foi gerado material para a análise durante o processo de intervenção didática. Como pressupostos teóricos, foram utilizadas as ideias sócio construtivistas de Piaget e a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud. A partir da análise de dois testes realizados com os estudantes, antes e depois da intervenção didática, comprovamos a hipótese de que o material concreto pode auxiliar nas aulas de Matemática do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental.
Um estudo sobre as contribuições dos Programas de Assistência Estudantil para a formação acadêmica de futuros professores de Matemática
Authors: Rafael Josiane Aparecida Miranda , Miranda Paula Reis de , Carvalho Marcos Pavani de
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa realizada em um dos campi do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais e tem como objetivo refletir sobre as contribuições dos programas de assistência estudantil para a formação acadêmica, para a permanência e para a conclusão dos estudos dos licenciandos em Matemática da mencionada Instituição. A pesquisa de campo foi composta pela aplicação de questionários a 78 alunos regularmente matriculados no curso, durante o segundo semestre de 2013, analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente. A análise mostrou que 51% dos investigados estavam sendo contemplados por algum programa de bolsas ofertado pelo curso ou Instituição, que 82% dos acadêmicos pesquisados consideram que a atuação em programas remunerados contribui para a permanência dos estudantes no curso e, destes, 47% destacam a remuneração como uma das maiores contribuições dos programas para a continuidade dos estudos, uma vez que a mesma proporciona, além de outros benefícios, maior disponibilidade para se dedicarem ao curso e auxílio nas despesas. Foi possível estabelecer, a partir das respostas dadas pelos bolsistas, seis categorias de análise das contribuições dos programas de assistência do Campus Rio Pomba para a formação profissional dos futuros professores. Constatou-se que o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) apresentou maior concentração de contribuições diversificadas para a formação docente, alcançando, assim, maior relevância por parte dos bolsistas analisados nessa pesquisa. Desta forma, neste trabalho, fica evidenciado que os programas remunerados contribuem para a permanência e para a formação acadêmica dos alunos e que suas contribuições vão bem além da perspectiva financeira.