bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Solar Flare Forecast Methods Based on Data-driven Models
Authors: Han Ke , Yu Meng-Yao , Fu Jun-Feng , Ling Wen-Bin , Zheng De-quan , Wan Jie , E Peng
Published: April 2023

Eruption of solar flares is a complex nonlinear process, and the rays and high-energy particles generated by such an eruption are detrimental to the reliability of space-based or ground-based systems. So far, there are not reliable physical models to accurately account for the flare outburst mechanism, but a lot of data-driven models have been built to study a solar flare and forecast it. In the paper, the status of solar-flare forecasting is reviewed, with emphasis on the machine learning methods and data-processing techniques used in the models. At first, the essential forecast factors strongly relevant to solar flare outbursts, such as classification information of the sunspots and evolution pattern of the magnetic field, are reviewed and analyzed. Subsequently, methods of resampling for data preprocessing are introduced to solve the problems of class imbalance in the solar flare samples. Afterwards, typical model structures adopted for flare forecasting are reviewed from the aspects of the single and fusion models, and the forecast performances of the different models are analyzed. Finally, we herein summarize the current research on solar flare forecasting and outline its development trends.
Multi-objective optimization of process parameters of laser cladding 15-5PH alloy powder based on gray-fuzzy taguchi approach
Authors: Du Yanbin , He Guohua , Zhou Zhijie , Xu Lei , Huang Meina
Published: April 2023

Laser cladding is a new surface treatment technology that is widely used for surface modification of metal parts, and the high quality of the surface geometry of the cladding layer can save a lot of resources for the company. To obtain high quality of the clad layer, the L25 Taguchi experiment of laser cladding process parameters was designed to laser-clad a single 15-5PH layer on the surface of 45# steel; the effect of process parameters on the surface morphology and dilution rate of the coating was determined by ANOVA; the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained by combining gray correlation and fuzzy inference system method. The ANOVA results show that the scanning speed among the laser cladding process parameters plays a key role in obtaining the best superposition of the four geometrical features of the cladding layer simultaneously; With the optimization objectives of larger clad width and height, smaller clad depth, and 30% dilution rate, the optimal combination of process parameters, (P: 600W, V: 500 mm min−1, F

−1
: 1.3 r min−1), obtained based on the Gray-fuzzy Taguchi Approach, was compared and analyzed to find a significant improvement in the geometric quality characteristics of the optimized clad layer. The analysis of microstructure, physical phase, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance showed that the 15-5PH clad layer was able to effectively enhance the surface properties of the 12Cr13 substrate. The optimization method proposed in this study can solve the problem of parameter optimization in the industrial multi-parameter and multi-response processes.
DNAscan2: a versatile, scalable, and user-friendly analysis pipeline for human next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Marriott Heather , Kabiljo Renata , Al Khleifat Ahmad , Dobson Richard J , Al-Chalabi Ammar , Iacoangeli Alfredo
Published: April 2023

The current widespread adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in all branches of basic research and clinical genetics fields means that users with highly variable informatics skills, computing facilities and application purposes need to process, analyse, and interpret NGS data. In this landscape, versatility, scalability, and user-friendliness are key characteristics for an NGS analysis software. We developed DNAscan2, a highly flexible, end-to-end pipeline for the analysis of NGS data, which (i) can be used for the detection of multiple variant types, including SNVs, small indels, transposable elements, short tandem repeats, and other large structural variants; (ii) covers all standard steps of NGS analysis, from quality control of raw data and genome alignment to variant calling, annotation, and generation of reports for the interpretation and prioritization of results; (iii) is highly adaptable as it can be deployed and run via either a graphic user interface for non-bioinformaticians and a command line tool for personal computer usage; (iv) is scalable as it can be executed in parallel as a Snakemake workflow, and; (v) is computationally efficient by minimizing RAM and CPU time requirements.

Availability and implementation

DNAscan2 is implemented in Python3 and is available at https://github.com/KHP-Informatics/DNAscanv2.
PDC: a highly compact file format to store protein 3D coordinates
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Pyle Anna Marie
Published: April 2023

Recent improvements in computational and experimental techniques for obtaining protein structures have resulted in an explosion of 3D coordinate data. To cope with the ever-increasing sizes of structure databases, this work proposes the Protein Data Compression (PDC) format, which compresses coordinates and temperature factors of full-atomic and Cα-only protein structures. Without loss of precision, PDC results in 69% to 78% smaller file sizes than Protein Data Bank (PDB) and macromolecular Crystallographic Information File (mmCIF) files with standard GZIP compression. It uses ∼60% less space than existing compression algorithms specific to macromolecular structures. PDC optionally performs lossy compression with minimal sacrifice of precision, which allows reduction of file sizes by another 79%. Conversion between PDC, mmCIF and PDB formats is typically achieved within 0.02 s. The compactness and fast reading/writing speed of PDC make it valuable for storage and analysis of large quantity of tertiary structural data.

Database URL https://github.com/kad-ecoli/pdc
Genetic and clinical factors underlying a self-reported family history of heart disease
Authors: Jowell Amanda R , Bhattacharya Romit , Marnell Christopher , Wong Megan , Haidermota Sara , Trinder Mark , Fahed Akl C , Peloso Gina M , Honigberg Michael C , Natarajan Pradeep
Published: April 2023

Aims

To estimate how much information conveyed by self-reported family history of heart disease (FHHD) is already explained by clinical and genetic risk factors.

Methods and results

Cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank participants without pre-existing coronary artery disease using a multivariable model with self-reported FHHD as the outcome. Clinical (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein AI ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides) and genetic risk factors (polygenic risk score for coronary artery disease [PRSCAD], heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia [HeFH]) were exposures. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and cholesterol-lowering medication use. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to associate FHHD with risk factors, with continuous variables treated as quintiles. Population attributable risks (PAR) were subsequently calculated from the resultant odds ratios. Among 166 714 individuals, 72 052 (43.2%) participants reported an FHHD. In a multivariable model, genetic risk factors PRSCAD (OR 1.30, CI 1.27–1.33) and HeFH (OR 1.31, 1.11–1.54) were most strongly associated with FHHD. Clinical risk factors followed: hypertension (OR 1.18, CI 1.15–1.21), lipoprotein(a) (OR 1.17, CI 1.14–1.20), apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein AI ratio (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10–1.16), and triglycerides (OR 1.07, CI 1.04–1.10). For the PAR analyses: 21.9% (CI 18.19–25.63) of the risk of reporting an FHHD is attributed to clinical factors, 22.2% (CI% 20.44–23.88) is attributed to genetic factors, and 36.0% (CI 33.31–38.68) is attributed to genetic and clinical factors combined.

Conclusions

A combined model of clinical and genetic risk factors explains only 36% of the likelihood of FHHD, implying additional value in the family history.
Beliefs as causal mediators in the design of communication interventions: exploring semantic and affective priming in parallel encouragement designs
Authors: Kim Jinha , Cappella Joseph N
Published: April 2023

The design of communication campaigns to alter health behaviors often begins with the identification of behavioral beliefs assumed to be causal antecedents of behavioral intentions. The assumption beliefs are causal derives from various theories of belief and intention/behavior and from statistical patterns of correlation. In cases of high-risk/cost campaigns, presuming causal order should require additional evidence. One approach is the parallel encouragement design which involves “randomly encouraging” levels of the mediator to establish its causal linkage to the outcome. This study proposes and tests a novel method of randomly encouraging beliefs as the mediator of messages on intention. Results show that semantic priming altered misbeliefs about Natural American Spirit cigarettes which in turn influenced intentions, suggesting its utility as an encouragement method to establish causal mediation of beliefs in message effects models. Results for countercampaign messages and broader theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Lung adenocarcinoma cell-derived exosomes promote M2 macrophage polarization through transmission of miR-3153 to activate the JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Xu L , Wang L , Yang R , Li T , Zhu X
Published: April 2023

There is increasing evidence that exosome-mediated transmission of microRNAs helps to connect tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. The objective of this study is to identify the role of miR-3153 in LUAD progression and M2 macrophage polarization and explore its regulatory mechanism. The relevant molecular mechanisms were analyzed and validated through mechanistic assays. In vitro functional assays followed by in vivo experiments were implemented to evaluate the role of exosomes in mediating M2 macrophage polarization and LUAD progression. LUAD cells transmitted miR-3153 through exosomes. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 promoted miR-3153 biosynthesis and exosomal sorting. Exosomal miR-3153 targeted zinc finger protein 91 to suppress the ubiquitination and degradation of misshapen-like kinase 1, thereby activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. M2 macrophage polarization induced by LUAD cell-derived exosomes promoted the malignant process of LUAD cells. Transmission of exosomal miR-3153 by LUAD cells activates the JNK signaling pathway and induces M2 macrophage polarization, thus promoting the progression of LUAD.
Evaluation of carbon dioxide emission reduction in an energy cycle based on biomass gasification and molten carbonate fuel cell: exergoeconomic and environmental analyses
Authors: Zhang Di , Ma Te , Fooladi Hadi
Published: April 2023

A competitive advantage for the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)-driven energy processes is their fuel versatility. On the other hand, since MCFC consumes carbon dioxide, it can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions compared with other fuel cells. Accordingly, the current paper develops and evaluates the thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and environmental analyses of a new hybrid energy process (HEP) based on a reformer MCFC stack and a biomass gasification process. A homogeneous ignition engine (HIE) and a heat recovery system are two other main units embedded in the developed HEP. In the developed cycle, MCFC and HIE produce electric energy, for which the required fuel is supplied through the obtained syngas from the biomass gasification process and the anode off-gas, respectively. The heat recovery system also leads to the establishment of the thermal balance of the energy cycle by recovering the thermal energies of the MCFC and HIE. The aim of the present work is to develop the multi-aspect evaluation of the proposed energy system toward a fruitful implementation feasibility analysis. The outcomes indicated that the rates of electrical and thermal powers obtained from the planned HEP were equal to nearly 1112 and 367 kW, respectively. Further, the calculated efficiencies for electric, gross power and total energy terms were equal to 51.5%, 55.7% and 69.9%, respectively. The developed HEP had 48% less carbon dioxide emissions compared with a petroleum-fired power plant, 15.8% less compared with a natural gas-fired plant and approximately 63% lower compared with a coal-fired power plant.
Trends in antibiotic selection pressure generated in primary care and their association with sentinel antimicrobial resistance patterns in Europe
Authors: Sijbom Martijn , Büchner Frederike L , Saadah Nicholas H , Numans Mattijs E , De Boer Mark G J
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We studied trends in antibiotic prescribing by primary care and assessed the associations between generated antibiotic selection pressure (ASP) and the prevalence of sentinel drug-resistant microorganisms (SDRMs).

Methods

The volume of antibiotic prescribing in primary and hospital care expressed in DDD/1000 inhabitants per day and the prevalences of SDRMs in European countries where GPs act as gatekeepers were obtained from the European Centre for Disease Control ESAC-NET. Associations were tested between (i) DDD and (ii) the Antibiotic Spectrum Index (ASI) as a proxy indicator for ASP, and the prevalences of three SDRMs: MRSA, MDR Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to macrolides.

Results

Fourteen European countries were included. Italy, Poland and Spain had the highest prevalence of SDRMs and prescribed the highest volume of antibiotics in primary care (average 17 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day), approximately twice that of countries with the lowest volumes. Moreover, the ASIs of these high antibiotic volume countries were approximately three times higher than those of the low-volume countries. Cumulative ASI showed the strongest association with a country’s prevalence of SDRMs. The cumulative ASI generated from primary care was about four to five times higher than the cumulative ASI generated by hospital care.

Conclusions

Prevalences of SDRMs are associated with the volume of antimicrobial prescribing and in particular broad-spectrum antibiotics in European countries where GPs act as gatekeepers. The impact of ASP generated from primary care on increasing antimicrobial resistance may be much larger than currently assumed.
Regional Burn Review: Neither Parkland Nor Brooke Formulas Reach 85% Accuracy Mark for Burn Resuscitation
Authors: Dahl Rachel , Galet Colette , Lilienthal Michele , Dwars Brooke , Wibbenmeyer Lucy
Published: April 2023

Prolonged resuscitation can result in burn wound conversion and other complications. Our team switched from using Parkland formula (PF) to the modified Brooke formula (BF) in January 2020. Secondary to difficult resuscitations using BF, we sought to review our data to identify factors associated with resuscitation requiring greater than predicted resuscitation with either formula, defined as 25% or more of predicted, hereafter referred to as over-resuscitation. Patients admitted to the burn unit between January 1, 2019 and August 29, 2021 for a burn injury with a percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) ≥15% were included. Subjects <18 years, or weighing <30 kg, and those who died or had care withdrawn within 24 hours of admission were excluded. Demographics, injury information, and resuscitation information were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with over-resuscitation by either formula. P < .05 was considered significant. Sixty-four patients were included; 27 were resuscitated using BF and 37 using PF. No significant differences were observed in demographics and burn injury between the groups. Patients required a median of 3.59 ml/kg/%TBSA for BF and 3.99 ml/kg/%TBSA for PF to reach maintenance (P = .32). Over-resuscitation was more likely to occur when using BF compared to PF (59.3% vs 32.4%, P = .043). Over-resuscitation was associated with longer time to reach maintenance (OR = 1.179 [1.042–1.333], P = .009) and arrival via ground transportation (OR = 10.523 [1.171–94.597], P = .036). Future studies are warranted to identify populations in which BF under-performs and sequelae associated with prolonged resuscitation.
When Safe-Haven Asset Is Less than a Safe-Haven Play
Authors: Li Leon , Chen Carl R
Published: April 2023

We propose a four-state regime-switching model that pairs low-volatility and high-volatility (HV) states to test eight stock–safe-haven asset portfolios’ risk properties. We find the correlations between gold, U.S. T-bond, and the Swiss franc and stock markets are negative or zero in all states, including the HV–HV state, while the correlations between Bitcoin (BTC) and stock markets are positive in the HV–HV state, implying that gold, T-bond, and the Swiss franc are full safe-havens and BTC is a partial safe-haven asset. Moreover, our model is effective in portfolio construction, performing better than conventional time-varying generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-based models.
Mitoribosome sensitivity to HSP70 inhibition uncovers metabolic liabilities of castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Echtenkamp Frank J , Ishida Ryo , Rivera-Marquez Genesis M , Maisiak Marisa , Johnson Oleta T , Shrimp Jonathan H , Sinha Arnav , Ralph Stephen John , Nisbet Ian , Cherukuri Murali Krishna , Gestwicki Jason E , Neckers Leonard M
Published: April 2023

The androgen receptor is a key regulator of prostate cancer and the principal target of current prostate cancer therapies collectively termed androgen deprivation therapies. Insensitivity to these drugs is a hallmark of progression to a terminal disease state termed castration-resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, novel therapeutic options that slow progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer and combine effectively with existing agents are in urgent need. We show that JG-98, an allosteric inhibitor of HSP70, re-sensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer to androgen deprivation drugs by targeting mitochondrial HSP70 (HSPA9) to suppress aerobic respiration. Rather than impacting androgen receptor stability as previously described, JG-98's primary effect is inhibition of mitochondrial translation, leading to disruption of electron transport chain activity. Although functionally distinct from HSPA9 inhibition, direct inhibition of the electron transport chain with a complex I or II inhibitor creates a similar physiological state capable of re-sensitizing castration-resistant prostate cancer to androgen deprivation therapies. These data identify a significant role for HspA9 in mitochondrial ribosome function and highlight an actionable metabolic vulnerability of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Anti-cancer effect of Cissus quadrangularis on human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Cheng Benxu , Wei Yunlin , Guerra Lili , Shirvani-Arani Rozena , Balderas Santiago , Valdez Laura , Tsin Andrew , Fang Xiaoqian
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common and fatal brain tumour in the central nervous system with a poor survival rate and a median survival time of 15 months only. The standard treatment is aggressive surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, effective drugs available in chemotherapy are limited. This study was designed to evaluate, for the first time, the potential therapeutic effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) in human glioblastoma cells and to investigate its possible mechanisms of action.

Methods

In this study, we examined the anticancer activity of CQ in human glioblastoma U87 MG cells by cell viability assay, cell migration assay, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.

Results

Our results demonstrated that CQ treatment induced U87 cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and cell death. The cytotoxicity of CQ mediates ER stress, autophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis by suppressing pro-survival signalling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways).

Conclusions

The findings of this study imply that CQ is a promising anti-cancer candidate for the treatment of GBM.
The presentation delay and differences of symptoms manifestation in Myocardial Infarction patients with and without Diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Raveena  , Naqvi Syed Z. A. , Sangam  , Surksha Marvi A. , Kumar Ashesh , Punshi Vines K. , Rai Saroop Kumar A. R. , Memon Noor-E-H. , Berza Qammer , Hasan Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Background:

Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of diabetes on the symptoms and the delay it causes in seeking medical treatment.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2022, in three major tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients falling in the inclusion criteria included those who were diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and those that were clinically stable and answered the questions within 48 h of admission to the hospital with or without the help of their family members. The association of the demographic variables, symptoms, presentation delay, and distance from the hospital was determined between the diabetics and the nondiabetics using the χ
2-test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant

Results:

Among the patients with diabetes, 147 (90.7%) were smokers, 148 (91.4%) had a history of hypertension, 102 (63.0%) had a history of ischemic heart disease, and 96 (59.3%) patient’s family history is significant for CAD. The higher educational level, smoking, hypertension, history of ischemic heart disease, and family history of CAD were found to be significantly related to diabetes with a P-value of less than 0.05. Patients with diabetes did not believe they have myocardial infarction was the most common cause of delay.

Conclusion:

The findings of our study conclude that diabetes significantly causes a delay in myocardial infarction patients seeking medical help as compared to nondiabetics.
Emerging IT investments and firm performance: a perspective of the digital options
Authors: Sun Jie , Jiao Hao
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the mediating effect of digital options on the relationship between emerging information technology investments (ITIs) and firm performance (FP). In particular, it analyses the performance impacts of investments in five emerging technologies of IT or non-IT firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary data are collected from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2018. The authors propose an econometric model focusing on the impact of ITIs on a firm’s market value and profit. A propensity score matching model is applied to control endogeneity.

Findings

The ITIs’ effect on FP is found to be completely mediated by digital options, and the reach of digital options plays a more positive role in the relationship between ITIs and Tobin’s Q, whereas the richness of digital options is stronger between ITIs and return on net assets (ROE). The group study shows that the impact of process technologies such as cloud computing and the Internet of Things has a more profound impact on Tobin’s Q, and the knowledge technologies represented by artificial intelligence, blockchain and big data strongly affect ROE. In addition, the positive relationship between ITIs and FP is unrelated to IT/non-IT firms.

Research limitations/implications

First, the data are based on 219 publicly announced emerging ITIs in China and thus may not be generalizable to other cultural/national contexts. Second, there is a lack of a large sample data set of emerging ITI information in China, and the duration of this study is constrained to the relatively short rise of emerging technologies.

Practical implications

This study provides firm decision-makers with practical implications. The results imply that the effect of ITIs on FP depends on digital options, so both IT firms (e.g., Big Tech giants) and non-IT firms (e.g., incumbents) should discover how to balance firm value and profit in their management of emerging technology investment projects with digital options thinking.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study to investigate the relationship between ITIs and FP from the perspective of digital options, exploring five emerging technologies and considering firm life, size, and state ownership in a sample of Chinese listed firms.
Comovement of stock markets pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: a study of Asian markets
Authors: Verma Reetika
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The study aims is to explore the cointegration level among major Asian stock indices from pre- COVID-19 to post COVID-19 times.

Design/methodology/approach

Johansen cointegration test is employed to know the long run relationship among the stock market indices of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, India, Japan, China, Taiwan, Israel and South Korea. The empirical testing was done to analyze whether any significant change has been induced by the COVID-19 pandemic on the cointegrating relationship of the selected markets or not. Through statistics of trace test and maximum eigen value, total number of cointegrating equations present among all the indices during different study periods were analyzed.

Findings

The presence of cointegration was found during all the sample periods and the findings suggests that the selected stock markets are associated with each other in general. During COVID-19 crisis period the cointegration level was reduced and again it regained its original level in the next year and again reduced in the subsequent next year. So, the cointegrating relationship among selected stock market indices remains dynamic and no evidence of impact of COVID-19 on this dynamism was found.

Originality/value

The study has explored the level of cointegration among the major stock indices of Asian nations in the pre, during, post-crisis and the most recent periods. The interconnectedness of the stock markets during the COVID-19 times has been compared with similar periods in different years immediately preceding and succeeding the COVID-19 times which has not been done in any of the existing study.
Implications of social media technologies (SMTs) to library services
Authors: Oyetola Solomon Olusegun , Aderibigbe Nurudeen Adeniyi , Oladokun Bolaji David
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Academic libraries may become obsolete in the twenty-first century unless they begin to harness new technology and improve information and service delivery. This paper aims to examine the emergence of social media technologies (SMTs) with their implications to academic library services in developing countries in the world. It is believed that a growing number of libraries of all types are starting to use SMTs to enhance their service delivery, similar to other institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research, which was conducted on a desk, examined how the implementation of SMTs may affect library services and operations. The study emphasizes that many academic libraries in developing countries have not yet adopted and implemented SMTs despite the potential that they hold for libraries.

Findings

Given that there has been relatively little study linking SMTs to librarianship, this may be because there is a low degree of awareness of SMTs’ importance in libraries. This study discovered that there are other types of SMTs relevant to academic libraries including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Blog among others. This paper reported the implications of SMTs to library services in developing countries.

Originality/value

This study is the original idea from the authors and does not reflect on any copyrighted materials. The study recommended among others that sufficient training and more expertise need to be gained by academic libraries to further facilitate implementation of social networks in the libraries, and adoption of contemporary media technologies such as social media in meeting the needs of the 21st-century library patrons should be prioritized.
Virtual reality in digital marketing: research agenda based on bibliometric reflection
Authors: Zaki Hafizah Omar , Fernandez Dahlia , Dastane Omkar , Aman Aini , Sanusi Soliha
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study unravels the intellectual structure of virtual reality (VR) in digital marketing (DM) research, identifies core research gaps and presents future research avenues. The study also conducts a performance analysis of publications in the field and identifies the most important stakeholders of the stated topic.

Design/methodology/approach

The Web of Science database was used to retrieve the publications that were relevant to the topic between 2012 and 2022. Biblioshiny, a shiny app for the Bibliometrix R package, is used to conduct a bibliometric analysis by decoding the results into several visual representations.

Findings

This report includes the most prolific contributors, keyword analysis results, productive nations, authors and connections, as well as the most often cited publications on VR in DM. In DM research, numerous perspectives on VR were looked at, explored and revealed.

Practical implications

The findings provide a new perspective and understanding of the issue for researchers in order to improve their research insights in the field. This study will also benefit marketing practitioners in ensuring the sustainability and innovativeness of technology used to run their DM campaigns.

Originality/value

This research provides the first bibliometric analysis of the citation works and productivity in the field of VR in DM using Biblioshiny, identifies core research gaps and provides future research agenda which can be useful to advance the research understanding in this context.
The impact of obesity on lung function measurements and respiratory disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jiayan , Xu Hanfei , Cupples L Adrienne , O’ Connor George T. , Liu Ching‐Ti
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Observational studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) are both inversely associated with lung function, as assessed by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). However, observational data are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation.

Methods

We selected genetic instruments based on their relevant large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Summary statistics of lung function and asthma came from the UK Biobank and SpiroMeta Consortium meta‐analysis (n = 400,102). After examining pleiotropy and removing outliers, we applied inverse‐variance weighting to estimate the causal association of BMI and BMI‐adjusted WHR (WHRadjBMI) with FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and asthma. Sensitivity analyses were performed using weighted median, MR‐Egger, and MRlap methods.

Results

We found that BMI was inversely associated with FVC (effect estimate, −0.167; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.203 to −0.130) and FEV1 (effect estimate, −0.111; 95%CI, −0.149 to −0.074). Higher BMI was associated with higher FEV1/FVC (effect estimate, 0.079; 95%CI, 0.049 to 0.110) but was not significantly associated with asthma. WHRadjBMI was inversely associated with FVC (effect estimate, −0.132; 95%CI, −0.180 to −0.084) but has no significant association with FEV1. Higher WHR was associated with higher FEV1/FVC (effect estimate, 0.181; 95%CI, 0.130 to 0.232) and with increased risk of asthma (effect estimate, 0.027; 95%CI, 0.001 to 0.053).

Conclusion

We found significant evidence that increased BMI is suggested to be causally related to decreased FVC and FEV1, and increased BMI‐adjusted WHR could lead to lower FVC value and higher risk of asthma. Higher BMI and BMI‐adjusted WHR were suggested to be causally associated with higher FEV1/FVC.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to inform combination dosing regimens of ceftaroline and daptomycin in special populations
Authors: Martins Frederico Severino , Martins José Eduardo Severino , Severino Patricia , Annaert Pieter , Sy Sherwin K. B.
Published: April 2023

Aims

The combination of daptomycin and ceftaroline used as salvage therapy is associated with higher survival and decreased clinical failure in complicated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections that are resistant to standard MRSA treatment. This study aimed to evaluate dosing regimens for coadministration of daptomycin and ceftaroline in special populations including paediatrics, renally impaired (RI), obese and geriatrics that generate sufficient coverage against daptomycin‐resistant MRSA.

Methods

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models were developed from pharmacokinetic studies of healthy adults, geriatric, paediatric, obese and RI patients. The predicted profiles were used to evaluate joint probability of target attainment (PTA), as well as tissue‐to‐plasma ratios.

Results

The adult dosing regimens of 6 mg/kg every (q)24h or q48h daptomycin and 300–600 mg q12h ceftaroline fosamil by RI categories achieved ≥90% joint PTA when the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the combination are at or below 1 and 4 μg/mL against MRSA. In paediatrics, wherein there is no recommended daptomycin dosing regimen for S. aureus bacteraemia, ≥90% joint PTA is achieved when the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the combination are up to 0.5 and 2 μg/mL for standard paediatric dosing regimens of 7 mg/kg q24h daptomycin and 12 mg/kg q8h ceftaroline fosamil. Model predicted tissue‐to‐plasma ratios of 0.3 and 0.7 in the skin and lung, respectively, for ceftaroline and 0.8 in the skin for daptomycin.

Conclusion

Our work illustrates how physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling can inform appropriate dosing of adult and paediatric patients and thereby enable prediction of target attainment in the patients during multitherapies.
Antinuclear antibodies in childhood immune thrombocytopaenia: An increased risk for development of autoimmune disorders?
Authors: Kapur Rick
Published: April 2023

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) have been detected in children with primary immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP), but the effect of ANA titres on clinical outcomes is unclear. Liu et al. retrospectively analysed a cohort of 324 children with primary ITP with a median follow‐up time of 25 months and found that patients with high‐ANA titres (≥1:160) had lower platelet counts at the onset with a higher subsequent platelet count recovery rate, and additionally were at an increased risk to develop autoimmune disease. These data highlight the possible predictive potential of ANA titres with respect to platelet counts and the development of autoimmunity in children with primary ITP.

Commentary on: Liu, et al. The effect of antinuclear antibody titre and its variation on outcomes in children with primary immune thrombocytopaenia. Br J Haematol 2023;202:412‐421.
Activation of Nrf2 signalling pathway by tectoridin protects against ferroptosis in particulate matter‐induced lung injury
Authors: Dong Tingting , Fan Xiaoye , Zheng Nan , Yan Kun , Hou Tianhua , Peng Liping , Ci Xinxin
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose

Our previous research showed that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of PM2.5‐induced lung injury. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of the Nrf2 signalling pathway and its bioactive molecule tectoridin in PM2.5‐induced lung injury by regulating ferroptosis.

Experimental Approach

We examined the regulatory effect of Nrf2 on ferroptosis in PM2.5‐induced lung injury and Beas‐2b cells using Nrf2‐knockout (KO) mice and Nrf2 siRNA transfection. The effects and underlying mechanisms of tectoridin on PM2.5‐induced lung injury were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Key Results

Nrf2 deletion increased iron accumulation and ferroptosis‐related protein expression in vivo and vitro, further exacerbating lung injury and cell death in response to PM2.5 exposure. Tectoridin activated Nrf2 target genes and ameliorated cell death caused by PM2.5. In addition, tectoridin prevented lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis in vitro, but in siNrf2‐treated cells, these effects almost disappeared. In addition, tectoridin effectively mitigated PM2.5‐induced respiratory system damage, as evaluated by HE, PAS, and inflammatory factors. Tectoridin also augmented the antioxidative Nrf2 signalling pathway and prevented changes in ferroptosis‐related morphological and biochemical indicators, including MDA levels, GSH depletion and GPX4 and xCT downregulation, in PM2.5‐induced lung injury. However, the effects of tectoridin on ferroptosis and respiratory injury were almost abolished in Nrf2‐KO mice.

Conclusion and Implications

Our data proposed the protective effect of Nrf2 activation on PM2.5‐induced lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis‐mediated lipid peroxidation and highlight the potential of tectoridin as a PM2.5‐induced lung injury treatment.
Association of mesothelioma deaths with neighborhood asbestos exposure due to a large‐scale asbestos‐cement plant
Authors: Kitamura Yuri , Zha Ling , Liu Rong , Shima Masayuki , Nakaya Tomoki , Kurumatani Norio , Kumagai Shinji , Goji Junko , Sobue Tomotaka
Published: April 2023

A causal relationship between mesothelioma and occupational asbestos exposure is well known, while some studies have shown a relationship to non‐occupational exposures. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood asbestos exposure due to a large‐scale asbestos‐cement (AC) plant in Amagasaki, Japan, adjusting properly risk factors including occupational exposures. We conducted a nested case‐control study in which a fixed population of 143,929 residents who had been living in Amagasaki City between 1975 and 2002 were followed from 2002 to 2015. All 133 cases and 403 matched controls were interviewed about their occupational, domestic, household, and neighborhood asbestos exposures. Odds ratios (ORs) for mesothelioma death associated with the neighborhood exposure were estimated by a conditional logistic‐regression model. For quantitative assessments for neighborhood exposure, we adopted cumulative indices for individuals' residential histories at each residence‐specific asbestos concentration multiplied by the duration during the potential exposure period of 1957–1975 (crocidolite). We observed an increasing, dose‐dependent risk of mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood exposure, demonstrating that ORs in the highest quintile category were 21.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.8–79.2) for all, 23.7 (95% CI 3.8–147.2) for males, and 26.0 (95% CI 2.8–237.5) for females compared to the lowest quintile, respectively. A quantitative assessment for risk of mesothelioma deaths, adjusting for occupational and non‐occupational exposures separately, showed a dose‐dependent association with neighborhood exposure and no substantial gender differences in magnitude.
Organizational justice research: A review, synthesis, and research agenda
Authors: Adamovic Mladen
Published: April 2023

We conducted a general, semi‐systematic literature review on organizational justice. Based on this review, we first explored the various ways in which organizational justice was conceptualized. Second, we explained the importance of organizational justice by reviewing and synthesizing theoretical frameworks in organizational justice research and studies that analyzed the effects of justice on employee outcomes. Subsequently, we shifted the focus from the individual to the team level by reviewing and synthesizing justice climate and peer justice research. To expand prior research and stimulate future research, we presented several avenues for future research, such as the cultural sensitivity of justice, justice in diverse work environments, justice and conflict, and the changing nature of work and justice. We also created a theoretical foundation for the integration of organizational justice with research on workplace conflict, diversity and dissimilarity, cultural values, relationships with coworkers, and the changing nature of work.
The experiences of nurses following seclusion or restraint use and immediate staff debriefing in inpatient mental health settings
Authors: Mangaoil Remar A. , Cleverley Kristin , Peter Elizabeth , Simpson Alexander I. F.
Published: April 2023

Aim

The aim of this study is to explore nurses' experiences of seclusion or restraint use and their participation in immediate staff debriefing in inpatient mental health settings.

Design

This research was conducted using a descriptive exploratory design and data were gathered through in‐depth individual interviews.

Methods

The experiences of nurses following seclusion or restraint use and their participation in immediate staff debriefing were explored via teleconference, using a semi‐structured interview guide. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify prevalent themes from the data.

Results

Interviews (n=10) were conducted with nurses from inpatient mental health wards in July 2020. Five themes emerged through the data analysis: (i) ensuring personal safety; (ii) grappling between the use of least‐restrictive interventions and seclusion or restraint use; (iii) navigating ethical issues and personal reactions; (iv) seeking validation from colleagues and (v) attending staff debriefing based on previous experience. The themes were also analysed using Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.

Conclusion

Staff debriefing is a vital resource for nurses to provide and/or receive emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping strategies. Mental health institutions should strive to establish supportive working environments and develop interventions based on the unique needs of nurses and the stressors they experience following seclusion or restraint use.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nurses in both frontline and leadership roles were involved in the development and pilot test of the interview guide. The nurses who participated in the study were asked if they can be recontacted if clarification is needed during interview transcription or data analysis.
Distressing symptoms after major surgery among community‐living older persons
Authors: Gill Thomas M. , Han Ling , Murphy Terrence E. , Feder Shelli L. , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Leo‐Summers Linda , Becher Robert D.
Published: April 2023

Background

Relatively little is known about how distressing symptoms change among older persons in the setting of major surgery. Our objective was to evaluate changes in distressing symptoms after major surgery and determine whether these changes differ according to the timing of surgery (nonelective vs. elective), sex, multimorbidity, and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Methods

From a prospective longitudinal study of 754 nondisabled community‐living persons, 70 years of age or older, 368 admissions for major surgery were identified from 274 participants who were discharged from the hospital from March 1998 to December 2017. The occurrence of 15 distressing symptoms was ascertained in the month before and 6 months after major surgery. Multimorbidity was defined as more than two chronic conditions. Socioeconomic disadvantage was assessed at the individual level, based on Medicaid eligibility, and neighborhood level, based on an area deprivation index (ADI) score above the 80th state percentile.

Results

In the month before major surgery, the occurrence and mean number of distressing symptoms were 19.6% and 0.75, respectively. In multivariable analyses, the rate ratios, denoting proportional increases in the 6 months after major surgery relative to presurgery values, were 2.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–3.44) and 2.90 (95% CI, 2.01–4.18) for the occurrence and number of distressing symptoms, respectively. The corresponding values were 3.54 (95% CI, 2.06–6.08) and 4.51 for nonelective surgery (95% CI, 2.32–8.76) and 2.12 (95% CI, 1.53–2.92) and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.48–3.29) for elective surgery; p‐values for interaction were 0.030 and 0.009. None of the other subgroup differences were statistically significant, although men had a greater proportional increase in the occurrence and number of distressing symptoms than women.

Conclusions

Among community‐living older persons, the burden of distressing symptoms increases substantially after major surgery, especially in those having nonelective procedures. Reducing symptom burden has the potential to improve quality of life and enhance functional outcomes after major surgery.
Pockets of Predictability
Authors: FARMER LELAND E. , SCHMIDT LAWRENCE , TIMMERMANN ALLAN
Published: April 2023

For many benchmark predictor variables, short‐horizon return predictability in the U.S. stock market is local in time as short periods with significant predictability (“pockets”) are interspersed with long periods with no return predictability. We document this result empirically using a flexible time‐varying parameter model that estimates predictive coefficients as a nonparametric function of time and explore possible explanations of this finding, including time‐varying risk premia for which we find limited support. Conversely, pockets of return predictability are consistent with a sticky expectations model in which investors slowly update their beliefs about a persistent component in the cash flow process.
The neural dynamics of familiarity‐dependent face identity representation
Authors: Kovács Gyula , Li Chenglin , Ambrus Géza Gergely , Burton A. Mike
Published: April 2023

Recognizing a face as belonging to a given identity is essential in our everyday life. Clearly, the correct identification of a face is only possible for familiar people, but ‘familiarity’ covers a wide range—from people we see every day to those we barely know. Although several studies have shown that the processing of familiar and unfamiliar faces is substantially different, little is known about how the degree of familiarity affects the neural dynamics of face identity processing. Here, we report the results of a multivariate EEG analysis, examining the representational dynamics of face identity across several familiarity levels. Participants viewed highly variable face images of 20 identities, including the participants' own face, personally familiar (PF), celebrity and unfamiliar faces. Linear discriminant classifiers were trained and tested on EEG patterns to discriminate pairs of identities of the same familiarity level. Time‐resolved classification revealed that the neural representations of identity discrimination emerge around 100 ms post‐stimulus onset, relatively independently of familiarity level. In contrast, identity decoding between 200 and 400 ms is determined to a large extent by familiarity: it can be recovered with higher accuracy and for a longer duration in the case of more familiar faces. In addition, we found no increased discriminability for faces of PF persons compared to those of highly familiar celebrities. One's own face benefits from processing advantages only in a relatively late time‐window. Our findings provide new insights into how the brain represents face identity with various degrees of familiarity and show that the degree of familiarity modulates the available identity‐specific information at a relatively early time window.
Identification of the novel HLA‐C*01:242 allele using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Koo Yu‐Kyung , Hong Jun Young , Jung Sunmi , Lee Jina , Park Younhee
Published: April 2023

The HLA‐C*01:242 allele differs from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 allele by a single nucleotide in codon 281.