bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing income and farming management: Empowering survivor farmers in reducing the impact of Covid-19
Authors: S Jumiyati  , I Irmawati
Published: August 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on the agricultural sector in Central Sulawesi, which had previously been a victim of the earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction that occurred on September 28, 2018. Facing this condition, the program to empower local shallot farmers in Palu, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province through the Jama'ah Tani Muhammadiyah (JATAM) group is very strategic. The income of local shallot farmers in Palu before and after the empowerment program and farm management studies during the Covid-19 pandemic was carried out using in-depth observation and interview techniques. In addition, Income Analysis was conducted to calculate the difference in farmers' income before and after empowerment. The results showed an increase in farmers' income after joining the JATAM group from an initial income of IDR. 10.304.500, - to IDR. 15,041,000,-. Furthermore, farming management, which includes aspects of land management, nurseries, planting, fertilizing, maintenance, harvesting and post-harvest to marketing and processing harvests into processed food products, namely Palu fried onions, has been carried out based on agribusiness management. Agribusiness management includes the functions of planning, organizing, implementing to monitoring. Empowerment activities consist of synergistic and comprehensive counseling, training and assistance aspects of production, marketing to agribusiness-based processing and mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Normen zur Berechnung des CO₂-Fußabdrucks
Authors:   Universität Potsdam, Lewandowski Stefanie , Ullrich André , gronau Norbert
Published: August 2021

CO₂-Fußabdrücke sind ein aktuell viel diskutiertes Thema mit weitreichenden Implikationen für Individuen als auch Unternehmen. Firmen können einen proaktiven Beitrag zur Transparenz leisten, indem der unternehmens- oder produktbezogene CO₂-Fußabdruck ausgewiesen wird. Ist der Entschluss gefasst einen CO₂-Fußabdruck auszuweisen und die entstehenden Treibhausgase zu erfassen, existiert eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Normen und Zertifikate, wie die publicly available specification 2050, das Greenhouse Gas Protokoll oder die ISO 14067. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, diese drei Normen zur Berechnung des produktbezogenen CO₂-Fußabdrucks zu vergleichen, um Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede sowie Vor- und Nachteile in der Anwendung aufzuzeigen. Die Übersicht soll Unternehmen bei der Entscheidungsfindung hinsichtlich der Eignung eines CO₂-Fußabdrucks für ihr Unternehmen unterstützen.
Smart Factory im Werkzeugbau bei KAMAX
Authors:   KAMAX Tools & Equipment GmbH & Co. KG, Homberg (Ohm), Ludwig Christian , Farrenkopf Thomas , Panske Thomas , Gensert Hilmar
Published: August 2021

Unter „Smart Factory“ wird die Vision einer Produktionsumgebung verstanden, in der sich Fertigungsanlagen und Logistiksysteme ohne menschliche Eingriffe weitestgehend selbst organisieren [1]. Im Beitrag wird ein Projekt beschrieben, zu dessen Start keiner der Beteiligten das Thema „Smart Factory“ oder „Industrie 4.0“ auch nur ansatzweise mit dem Projekt in Verbindung brachte. Vielmehr wurde die Zielsetzung verfolgt, die heutige Lieferzeit von 6-8 Wochen drastisch zu reduzieren. Das Ergebnis ist ein vollständig digitalisierter Geschäftsprozess von der Auftragserstellung, der Produktentwicklung, der Konstruktion, der Fertigung sowie der Abwicklung für „Losgröße 1“ mit einer Reduzierung der Durchlaufzeit auf weniger als 10 %.
Industrie 4.0 im Remanufacturing
Authors:   Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Sprenger Kim , Klein Jan-Felix , Wurster Marco , Stricker Nicole , Lanza Gisela
Published: August 2021

Das Remanufacturing, bisher geprägt durch manuelle und kostenintensive Prozesse, ist ein entscheidender Schritt auf dem Weg zu einer ressourcenschonenden Kreislaufwirtschaft. Industrie und Forschung sind sich einig, dass der Einzug von Industrie 4.0 Technologien den Schlüssel zu einer Entwicklung automatisierter und wirtschaftlicher Remanufacturing-Systeme darstellt. Basierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche widmet sich dieser Beitrag der Analyse vielversprechender Industrie 4.0-Ansätze mit dem Fokus auf den übergeordneten Gesamtprozess sowie den Teilprozessen der Demontage und der Inspektion. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass es an zusätzlichem Wissen, Erfahrung und Forschung bei der Entwicklung und realen Demonstration der Ansätze und deren Übertragbarkeit auf breitere Anwendungsfelder bedarf.
An Investigative Study on Impact of Frequency Dynamics in Load Modeling
Authors:   Ahmadu Bello University, Mohammed Musa , Abdulkarim Abubakar ,   Ahmadu Bello University, Abubakar Adamu Sa’du ,   Ahmadu Bello University, Kunya Abdullahi Bala ,   Ahmadu Bello University, Musa Umar Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu Bashir ,   Ahmadu Bello University
Published: August 2021

Load modeling plays a significant impact in assessing power system stability margin, control, and protection. Frequency in the power system is desired to be kept constant, but in a real sense, it is not constant as loads continually change with time. In much literature, frequency dynamics are ignored in the formulation of load models for the basic assumption that it does not affect the models. In this paper, the composite load model was formulated with Voltage-Frequency Dependency (V-FD) on real and reactive powers and applied to estimate the load model. 2- Area network 4- machines Kundur test network was used for testing the developed model. The model was trained with measurements from a low voltage distribution network supplying the Electrical Engineering department at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Both training and testing data were captured under normal system operation (dynamics). To evaluate the V-FD model performance, Voltage-Dependent (VD) model was examined on the same measured data. The work makes use of the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) as a nonlinear estimator. Results obtained indicate that including frequency dynamics in modeling active power reduces the accuracy of the model. While in modeling reactive power the model performance improves. Hence, it can be said that including frequency dynamics in load modeling depends on the intended application of the model.
Fabrication of A Diode-based Salt Solution Sensor
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Fang Lai Li , Zainal Nurfarina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Fhong Soon Chin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

High blood pressure/hypertension is a severe medical issue among Malaysians that could be reduced by monitoring our salt/sodium intake. One way is to use intraoral salt sensor; this in-mouth method however may cause discomfort and adopts complex and costly fabrication processes. Hence, an external and reusable electronic device, that could be used as a “sweat-sensor”, is preferred in detecting the sodium intake of the body. In this study, a potentiometric diode-based salt solution sensor was designed and fabricated in order to detect different salt solution concentrations with applied external voltage. A p-n junction diode sensor was successfully designed and fabricated using four consecutive techniques; thermal wet oxidation, photolithography, thermal diffusion and metallization. The average sheet resistance and resistivity of the diode sensor were measured to be 3.50 x 105 ± 0.66 Ω⁄sq and 3.05 ± 0.5 Ωcm respectively. This sensor showed ideal I-V diode characteristics with a knee voltage of 11.5V in forward bias condition and breakdown voltage of -4 V in reverse bias condition. For salt concentration detection, the sensor was able to detect salt concentration changes with respect to current flow, up to 45 mg/mL.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA TECNOLOGIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO EM UMA ESCOLA ESTADUAL DE JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES – PE – BR
Authors: BATISTA CAVALCANTI MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO
Published: August 2021

O uso das Tecnologias Educacionais (TE) como forma de aprimorar o trabalho em sala de aula, tanto para professores como para alunos, é inquestionável e o avanço tecnológico é uma realidade que não pode ser esquecida ou desconsiderada dentro do processo educacional. No ensino médio (EM) convivemos com uma dicotomia: para quem preparamos os nossos alunos? Para o ensino superior, ou para o mercado de trabalho? Aliada a esta questão, dados do IBGE mostram que a evasão no ensino médio é de 50%, ou seja, apenas metade dos estudantes que ingressam no último ciclo de formação da educação básica o conclui. E é neste cenário de desafios, e na busca por soluções que tragam respostas aos alunos, que as TE nos ajudam a encontrar caminhos para dar melhor significado ao EM. Entendemos que as escolas precisam introduzir em todos os seus membros uma visão crítica em relação a qualquer fonte de conhecimento e, conjuntamente, pensar no atual modelo de Ensino Médio, sobretudo no sistema Integrado com o ensino técnico profissionalizante, como uma necessidade nos dias atuais, uma vez que, de modo geral, a etapa do ensino médio não responde mais a demanda atual exigida pelo mercado. Mais do que mudanças, faz-se necessário reformular o atual modelo e criar uma nova cultura sobre o currículo escolar, de forma transversal e linear. Pensar em um currículo por áreas do conhecimento e integrá-lo com a parte profissionalizante. Para isso, é necessário considerar a forma como os partícipes do processo educacional, escola, professores, alunos e família, veem o uso criativo das TE para atender às exigências necessárias de formação acadêmica e do mercado de trabalho, resultando na melhor inserção e adaptação dos alunos no processo de aprendizagem e nas relações sociais. Nossa tese vem mostrar qual a visão que professores e alunos tem do uso das tecnologias em sala de aula.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Petunjuk Praktikum Fisiologi Tumbuhan untuk Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Putri Rahmadyah Kusuma
Published: August 2021

Petunjuk praktikum merupakan pedoman untuk melaksanakan praktikum agar sesuai dengan teori dan tujuan. Desain praktikum jarak jauh selama pandemi perlu mempertimbangkan ketersediaan alat bahan dan kemudahan untuk dilaksanakan secara mandiri. Oleh sebab itu, petunjuk praktikum juga perlu disesuaikan dengan alat bahan, serta prosedur yang lebih sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan analisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum Fisiologi Tumbuhan untuk pembelajaran jarak jauh. Data dikumpulkan dengan instrumen kuisioner dan wawancara. Kuisioner diberikan kepada mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Palangka Raya semester VI kelas A 2020/2021 (n=27). Wawancara dilakukan kepada dosen pengampu mata kuliah Fisiologi Tumbuhan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Palangka Raya. Hasil kuisioner analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pembelajaran daring membosankan karena metode belajar monoton (51%), 2) Pembelajaran daring sulit dipahami karena media pembelajaran tidak representatif terhadap materi (62%), 3) Pembelajaran daring sulit dipahami karena tidak ada buku referensi, diktat ataupun bahan ajar pendukung lainnya yang sesuai dengan materi dalam RPS (62%), 4) Umumnya praktikum daring tidak dapat dilaksanakan karena membutuhkan laboratorium (66%), 5) Praktikum daring membosankan karena menggunakan metode belajar yang monoton (55%), 6) Ada materi Fisiologi Tumbuhan yang sulit dipahami (81%), 7) Mata kuliah Fisiologi Tumbuhan membutuhkan praktikum untuk membuktikan teori (96%), 8) Bahan ajar format digital dan multimedia lebih mudah digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring jarak jauh (96%), 9) Bahan ajar format digital dan multimedia lebih menarik digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring jarak jauh (100%), dan 10) Diperlukan pedoman praktikum bentuk digital untuk mata kuliah Fisiologi Tumbuhan (100%). Hasil wawancara analisis kebutuhan menyimpulkan bahwa belum tersedia petunjuk praktikum yang menggunakan alat, bahan, dan prosedur yang sederhana. Petunjuk praktikum yang tersedia hanya dapat dilaksanakan di dalam laboratorium. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa diperlukan pengembangan petunjuk praktikum Fisiologi Tumbuhan untuk pembelajaran jarak jauh dalam format e-book multimedia.
Brief growth mindset and mindfulness inductions to facilitate effort after negative feedback
Authors: Nagy Tamas , Sik Kata , Torok Lilla , Bőthe Beáta , Takacs Zsofia K. , Orosz Gabor
Published: August 2021

Negative feedback in academic settings is often unavoidable, although it may directly interfere with the ultimate goal of education, as setbacks can diminish motivation, and may even lead to dropping out of school. Previous research suggests that certain predispositions, inductions, and interventions might mitigate the harmful effects of negative feedback. Among others, growth mindset beliefs and mindfulness meditation were proposed as the most promising candidates that may help students to retain motivation. In a pre-registered, randomized experiment, we gave a disappointing evaluation to 383 university students in a bogus laboratory IQ test situation. Half of the participants previously received a growth mindset induction referring to intelligence as a malleable characteristic, while the other half received a fixed mindset induction referring to intelligence as a stable characteristic that cannot be changed. Then participants had a brief mindfulness meditation session or a control condition. Subsequently, they could choose to complete practice tasks before the final IQ assessment. The number of completed optional tests was used as a behavioral proxy for effort. The results showed no difference in effort for the growth mindset or the mindfulness meditation groups, compared to the other conditions. However, those that reported having higher dispositional mindfulness completed more optional tasks after mindfulness meditation. We concluded that our brief mindset and mindfulness inductions may not be adequate for everyone to alleviate the demotivating effects of negative feedback, but it does not necessarily mean that mindfulness cannot help implementing a growth mindset.
Waveguide Slot Feed Section for Antennas with Circular Polarization
Authors: Piltyay Stepan
Published: August 2021

Modern information systems use circularly polarized signals. Among them are tracking systems, remote sensing systems, satellite television systems. The use of circularly polarized signals in satellite communication systems allows to combat multipath propagation of signals in the environment, which reduces interference. By reflecting signals from different objects, they transform their polarization. This makes it possible to reduce signal distortions in the receiving device, which increases the information capacity of wireless data transmission channels. In satellite communications, multi-band horn antennas are widely used. The use of such devices allows transmission of signals with high power and reception of signals with low noise level. Such systems are used as powering a reflector antenna with a wide bandwidth. For such applications, a horn antenna device has been proposed in which signals can be excited that produce left-hand circularly polarized signals and right-hand circularly polarized signals. The proposed horn antenna was powered through a slot that was cut in a rectangular waveguide. Due to the 45º angle of the slot, the antenna can generate signals with double circular polarization. The proposed design can be used without polarizing devices, which must be developed separately. The developed design of the horn antenna at the operating frequency of 16 GHz provides a peak antenna gain of 24 dB for signals with right circular polarization and a peak value of a gain of 18 dB for signals with left circular polarization. The polarization isolation is greater than 12 dB. Moreover, at the operating frequency, the maximum value of the reflection coefficient takes on a value of –17 dB. Thus, the developed waveguide slot feed section for antennas with circular polarization provide rather good characteristics in a narrow frequency band.
Pengaruh Pujian Penyembahan Dan Musik Iringan Terhadap Minat Kehadiran Ibadah Remaja Di Gbi My Home Tanjung Pinang
Authors: Simanjuntak Fredy
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to reveal and analyze the influence of worshipaccompaniment music on the interest in the presence of youth. YouthTransformation has a great influence on young people today. The methodused in this research is survey research with a quantitative researchapproach. The population in this study were all teenagers who worshiped atYouth Transformation GBI My Home Tanjungpinang aged 15-18 years asmany as 50 people. The results showed that worship and accompanimenthad a positive and significant effect on interest in attending worship.Description Praise Worship and Accompaniment Music shows good results.Likewise, the description of Youth Worship Attendance aged 15-18 years atGBI My Home Tanjung Pinang showed good results, and the correlationvalue of Praise Worship and Accompaniment Music on Youth WorshipAttendance was in a strong position.Keywords: Praise, Worship, Music, Interest, Teenager.
Impaired semantic categorization during transcranial direct current stimulation of the left and right angular gyrus (published version)
Authors: Longo Federica , Braun Mario , Hutzler Florian , Richlan Fabio
Published: August 2021

Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we investigated whether semantic knowledge is organized according to domain- or feature-dimensions, and whether the left or right angular gyrus is differentially engaged based on these dimensions. Reaction times of 72 participants – divided into four groups with different tDCS electrode montages (anodal/cathodal, left/right) – were recorded during a semantic categorization task (living and non-living concepts having either high or low number of features). In line with previous literature, results showed faster reaction times for living compared with non-living concepts and for concepts with a high number compared with a low number of features. In addition, a generally deteriorating effect of tDCS emerged, with both anodal and cathodal stimulation over both left and right angular gyri slowing down reaction times compared with sham. The results are discussed in the frameworks of major theories on the organization of semantic knowledge, including the Distributed Domain-Specific Hypothesis.
The youngest bilingual Canadians: Insights from the 2016 Census regarding children aged 0-9
Authors: Schott Esther , Kremin Lena V. , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: August 2021

This study used the 2016 Canadian Census data to examine home bilingualism amongst children aged 0–9 years. Across Canada, 18 percent of children used at least two languages at home, which rose to more than 25 percent in large cities, and the Canadian territories. English and French was the most common language pair in Quebec and Ontario, and various other pairs were spoken in most provinces. In the territories, 17 percent of children spoke an Indigenous language and English, and we discuss specific opportunities and challenges for Indigenous language revitalization. The presence of bilingual adults in the home, and immigration generation were the strongest predictors of children's home bilingualism. We conclude by discussing how policies can encourage child bilingualism, such as by supporting children’s home language in early and primary education settings. Such policies must be tailored to the needs of the specific communities to optimally support bilingual children and their families.
Developmental Trajectories of Picture-Based Object Representations during the First Year of Life
Authors: Shinskey Jeanne L.
Published: August 2021

Experience with an object’s photograph changes 9-month-olds’ preference for the referent object, confirming they can represent objects from pictures. However, picture-based representations appear weaker than object-based representations. The current study’s first objective was to investigate age differences in object recognition memory after familiarization with objects’ pictures. The second objective was to test whether age differences in object permanence sensitivity with picture-based representations match those found with object-based representations, whereby 7-month-olds search more for familiar hidden objects but 11-month-olds search more for novel ones. Six- and 11-month-olds were familiarized with an object’s photo and tested on their representation of the real object by comparing their reaching for it versus a novel object. Objects were visible under conditions testing recognition memory and hidden under conditions testing object permanence. Like 9-month-olds, 6- and 11-month-olds preferred novelty with visible objects, showing early object recognition after picture familiarization, as well as developmental continuity. Unlike 9-month-olds, who switched to preferring familiarity with hidden objects, 6- and 11-month-olds switched to null preference. This pattern fails to match 7- and 11-month-olds’ hidden-object preferences after familiarization with real objects, revealing discontinuity in sensitivity to object permanence after picture familiarization, and suggesting that picture-based representations are weaker than object-based ones.
Love-stated Individuals' Eye Fixation under The Pain Conditions: Lovers VS. Mothers
Authors: Liu Zheng
Published: August 2021

As an old Chinese saying goes, “got married with a woman will make a man forget his mother”. It describes a situation that after a man establishing an intimate relationship, his psychological support and emotional input for his mother will be shifted to some extent to his lover. This research aims to explore the effects of love states and gender difference on the gaze of his lover or mother under the condition of pain. In this study, 35 college students were recruited, and 34 valid data (21 females, 13 males) were finally collected. Participants were divided into non-love group and in-love group by filling up the Passionate Love Scale (PLS). The length of tolerance under the cold pressor test and corresponding eye movement data are recorded. The results show that mother and intimate others’ picture can act as sources of social support which is helpful for pain relief. Non-love female participants significantly spent more time watching mothers’ pictures compared to lovers’ picture under the condition of pain. This distinction became smaller among in-love female participants. However, no statistical difference in the duration of mothers’ and lovers’ picture was found. In-love male participants significantly spend more time watching lovers’ pictures compared to their mothers under pain. The result suggests that love state affects the duration of mothers’ and lovers’ pictures among females. There is also gender difference in social support seeking.
Social License to automate: A critical review of emerging approaches to electricity demand management
Authors: Adams Sophie , Kuch Declan , Diamond Lisa , Froehlich Peter , Henrisksen Ida Marie , Katzeff Cecilia , Ryghaug Marianne , Yilmaz Selin
Published: August 2021

Electricity demand-side management (DSM) programs are becoming increasingly important to energy system managers in advanced industrialized countries, especially those with high renewable energy penetration. As energy user participation is paramount for their success but has proven to be difficult to obtain, we explore the usefulness of the ‘social license’ concept, originally developed in the mining sector, to refer to the process of creating acceptance in DSM programs aimed at managing or controlling household energy resources such EVs, batteries, and heating and cooling devices. We argue that analyzing the attainment or lack of ‘social license’ may be useful to energy policy-makers and researchers for understanding public concerns with not only supply-side energy resources, but also DSM. We do so by (1) drawing attention to potential frictions between demands for flexibility on the one hand and social practices and habits on the other; (2) attending to the ways that users’ engagement in DSM programs is influenced by their sense of control and agency, and their trust in program providers; and (3) exploring the ways that users may understand their stake in the energy system and may participate in programs as collectives rather than simply as individuals. We argue that a ‘social license to automate’ could not only describe a set of tools to manage participation in DSM projects, but rather assess the ways users effectively feel part of new energy systems designed to serve them.au
Neuronavigation system in neurosurgery: Technical details and our early clinical experiences
Authors: Jha Rajiv , Khambu Bikesh , Shrestha Rajendra , Bista Prakash
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Image-guided surgery is the need of time in neurosurgery. The use of neuronavigation has a significant impact on various neurosurgical procedures. We report our clinical experience and surgical techniques of neuronavigation assisted intracranial and spinal surgeries.
Materials and Method: This is observational longitudinal study of 65patients who underwent surgeries using navigation system in the department of neurosurgery, National Neurosurgical Referral Center, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) Bir hospital and National Trauma Center, over the period of one and a half year. Description of Navigation techniques, its applications and surgical outcome were studied. Medtronic Stealth station 7 and Brain Lab Curve Neuronavigation system, which can be used as both frame based and frameless image guided system were employed in this study.
Results: We used Neuronavigation system in 60 cases of cranial procedures and 5 cases of spinal stabilizing procedures. Among intracranial surgeries we utilized this system to effectively make bone flaps and burr holes, to detect critically located deep-seated, subcortical and skull base tumors and to operate on intra parenchymal lesions with grossly unclear margins.
Neuronavigation system was used in 5 cases of spinal procedures for pedicle screw placement.
Conclusion: Neuronavigation is a tool that provides numerous advantages to the neurosurgeon like more accurate planning approach, ability to use smaller approaches, higher precision for intraoperative localization of different anatomical structures and offering greater surgical safety. This technique, although apparently very complex in the beginning, becomes very user-friendly gradually and positively appreciated by everyone who uses it, after going through a relatively short learning curve.
Prevalence of Anxiety in Pregnancy during COVID 19 pandemic in Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni
Authors: Khadka Shailaja , Thapa Sumana , Khatri Ratna , Malla Rosy , Thapa Sumana , Chand Arju , Acharya Indira , Neupane Bibhusan , Bidari Sumit , V Kopila , Giri Kanti Prabha , Bata Lokendra
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence of anxiety in pregnancy during COVID19 pandemic in Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni
Method: It is a cross sectional study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni from July to October 2020 following the ethical approval from IRC. All the pregnant women from first to last trimester attending outdoor visit were included; they were asked to fill up Beck Anxiety Index form. The level of anxiety was compared with demographic data like age, race, parity, and period of gestation, education and occupation. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 software.
Results: A total of 385 presumably uninfected pregnant women were surveyed in 20-40 (28.45±3.95) years age group from 4 to 41 (27.15±9.4) weeks of pregnancy and 55.6% were multipara. Low-grade anxiety was found 99.5% (BAI= 3.06±3.66).
Conclusions: Low-grade anxiety was found in almost all pregnant women during covid pandemic and there was no significant difference by demographic variables.
Robson Ten Group Classification System and fetal distress as the indication for cesarean section
Authors: Shrestha Alish , Baral Gehanath
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the association of Robson ten group classification system (RTGCS) and the fetal distress as an indication of CS among women delivering in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital.
Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study over a period of 6 months. 410 study sample population undergoing CS were stratified according to RTGCS out of total of 11575 women’s delivering in PMWH and were analysed for indication of CS, fetal distress, maternal and fetal complications and their distribution according to RTGCS.
Results: Overall CS rate was 35.08%. Largest group size was of group 1 with 4131 patients (35.69%) followed by group 3 with 2980 patients (25.75%). Highest contribution to CS rate was from group 5 (1070 patients, group CS rate 99.17% and contribution to overall CS rate 26.35%). Group 1 and 2 had low group CS rate in comparison to other groups but it was still higher than the Robson guidelines and MCS reference population as per WHO implementation guidelines. On analysis of sample study population CS rate due to fetal distress was 28.54% and previous CS was 25.85%.
Conclusions: High proportion of women gave birth via CS among which high contribution was by low risk groups. The major indication of CS in low risk groups was fetal distress and there was significant rise of fetal distress after admission. Hence RTGCS neither could predict the indication of CS nor could correctly identify the actual high risk group. Hence incorporation of more objective indication of CS like fetal distress or high risk diagnosis which gives rise to fetal distress, in RTGCS criteria is recommended.
Study of Caesarean Section using Robson’s Classification at Provincial Public Hospital
Authors: Thakur Murari
Published: August 2021

Aims: To categorize all pregnant women admitted for delivery at Provincial Public Hospital Janakpurdham according to Robson’s ten group classification and to assess the caesarean section rate and identify the indications contributing to the same.
Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Provincial Public Hospital Janakpurdham for 3 months from 15 th April to 15 th July 2020 .Total of 1536 participants admitted for delivery including 257 undergoing caesarean section were included in the study and were classified according to the Robson’s classification. For each group, demographic and obstetric profile, relative size and its contribution to the overall caesarean rate was calculated.
Results: The overall caesarean section rate was 16.7% (257 among 1536 total deliveries). Robson’s Group 5(Previous caesarean section, singleton cephalic, ≥37 weeks) was the major contributor (46%) to the overall caesarean section rate followed by Group 2b (nullipara, singleton cephalic, ≥37 weeks, caesarean section before labor) (15.6%).
Conclusion: Induction of labor for Group 2a and 4a should be done and trial for vaginal delivery in previous Cesarean section for Group 5 should be promoted to reduce the caesarean section rate. Study result is limited by lack of labor induction facility at the study site.
Obstetric profile during and before COVID 19 period pandemic at a teaching hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhansakarya Rakina , Baral Gehanath , Subedi Shanti , Ghimire Sita , Shrestha Prajmi , Chaudhary Amar Nath
Published: August 2021

Aim: To compare fetomaternal outcomes among pregnant patients in COVID and non-COVID period in tertiary centre in eastern Nepal.
Methods: All women who delivered at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital during non- COVID period between April to June 2019 and COVID period between April to June 2020 were compared. Data were collected from medical records.
Results: Significant number of women had cesarean deliveries in COVID period (36.5% vs 32.6%). There were no significant differences in period of gestation at the time of delivery, birth weight of baby, intrauterine fetal death and neonatal intensive care unit admission as well as no difference in obstetric outcomes, labor complications, maternal intensive care unit stay, near miss and peripartum hysterectomy.
Conclusion: There were more cesarean sections, vaginal birth after cesarean section and vaginal breech delivery in COVID period and no other significant differences in maternal and fetal outcomes during COVID period and Non-COVID period.
Analysis of Ectopic Pregnancy at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital
Authors: Shakya Beemba
Published: August 2021

Aims: To analyze the patients with ectopic pregnancy.
Methods: The medical records of 88 ectopic pregnancies at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital were reviewed from January to July 2020. Data pertaining patient characteristics, age, gravida, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site of ectopic pregnancy, management and morbidity associated with it were retrieved and was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: Among 88 ectopic pregnancies, 28% occurred in 30-34 years,65% were multipara, presented abdominal pain (72%), vaginal bleeding (60%) and amenorrhoea (57%); 72% had ampullary ectopic, 60% had ruptured ectopic, 99% underwent surgical management and 41% required blood transfusion. There was no any mortality.
Conclusions: Abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and amenorrhoea were the common presentation. Only 60% had ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Almost all had surgical management.
Correlation of Cardiotocography with Intraoperative findings and neonatal outcome in caesarean section for non-reassuring fetal status
Authors: Singh Arju Chand , Khatri Ratna , Chauhan Pradyuman , Thapa Sumana
Published: August 2021

Aims: To demonstrate the correlation of cardiotocography with intraoperative findings and neonatal outcome undergoing emergency cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal status.
Methods: It is a hospital based cross sectional study at maternity ward of Shree Birendra Hospital in Kathmandu with non-reassuring CTG who underwent cesarean section in a period of one year. Their CTG were correlated with their intraoperative findings and neonatal outcome such as meconium stained liquor, nuchal cord, Apgar score at birth, NICU admission, perinatal mortality and stillbirth.
Results: Fifty four patients were recruited. Most common operative finding was meconium stained liquor (35.2%); and cardiotocographic abnormality was variable Deceleration (37%). Variable deceleration and late deceleration had significant correlation with meconium stain liquor and nuchal cord. Apgar score ≤ 7 at 5 minute was 7.4%. NICU admission was 13% with common abnormality as late Deceleration.
Conclusion: CTG pattern of variable and late deceleration had correlated with the meconium stained liquor and nuchal cord only. There was no relation with neonatal outcome in terms of Apgar score and admission rate.
Histomorphological spectrum of Leiomyoma – a one year retrospective study
Authors: Baral Reetu Sharma , Shrestha Oshan
Published: August 2021

Aims: To analyze the histomorphology of leiomyoma in specimens received in Pathology.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of histopathology database of histomorphologic spectrum of leiomyoma at Pathology Laboratory of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from April 2020 to April 2021. Data for the leiomyoma were analyzed descriptively. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional review committee.
Results: A total of 1705 histopathology specimens were received in one year from April 2020 to April 2021 out of which 620 (37%) were from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics for histopathological analysis of various specimens. Total of 106 specimens of hysterectomy and myomectomy were included. Maximum number of leiomyoma was seen in the body 48 (45%) followed by fundus 34 (32%) and one from the lateral wall of the vagina 1 (0.9%). Mean age was 42 (24-70) years. Maximum size was 35 cm and minimum was 0.5 cm in diameter. Out of the rare ones one case of STUMP, Lipoleiomyoma and Mitotically active leiomyoma each were seen. Degenerative change was in 40 cases with hyaline type as the commonest one (33%); 61% were intramural; and 12% were multiple. Presentation was lower abdominal pain and abnormal uterine bleeding in 39.6%.
Conclusions: Cases of leiomyoma may present with abdominal mass, pain and bleeding but the degenerative changes and malignant transformation can't be identified without histopathological examination.
Clinical outcome of sacrospinous fixation following pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Poudel Sandesh , Dangal Ganesh
Published: August 2021

Aims: To evaluate the midterm outcome of sacrospinous fixation done during surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse.
Methods: This was an interview based cross sectional follow up study done among the patients who underwent sacrospinous fixation procedure along with pelvic organ prolapse surgery in Kathmandu Model Hospital and Paropakar Maternity Hospital. This was conducted between 15 th February 2021 and 15 th April 2021. Post-operative cases 22 to 30 months (average 2 years) from the day of surgery were included.
Results: Out of 321 eligible SSF patients from both the hospital, 156 agreed to participate. Among them, 77 (48%) were in 60-69 years of age and 82% were postmenopausal; 33% were more than para 3; 20% had right gluteal pain that was decreased to 1.9% by 2 years; and 20% had some degree of urgency and stress incontinence.
Conclusion: Sacrospinous fixation is safe and effective procedure which can be done during pelvic organ prolapse surgery with good success rate and minimal post-operative complications.
Choice of temporary contraception based on client’s demographic status and parity
Authors: Pandit Benju
Published: August 2021

Aim: To analyse the demographic factors and parity in women influencing choice of contraceptive methods.
Methods: This is a hospital record based retrospective study at Bhaktapur hospital, a tertiary hospital in a span of 6 months from October 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected from medical record and descriptive analysis was done.
Results: There were 142 women taking contraceptive service in six months.Implant was the most commonly used method of contraception (48%), followed by the IUCD (26%), Injectable (16%) and OCP (10%). Age group of 20-39 had more acceptance of contraception as compared to adolescent and women above 40. More the parity more usage of long acting reversible contraception was found.
Conclusion: The most common contraceptive method used among women was implant. Client having two or more children are more to receive long acting contraception.
Quality of life and sexual dysfunction in cervical cancer survivors
Authors: Rai Snigdha
Published: August 2021

Aim: To evaluate the quality of life and sexual dysfunction in cervical cancer survivors.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital from 14 th January to 13 th April 2021. Total 136 patients treated for cervical cancer without other coexisting cancers and psychological disorders were interviewed. Independent t test was used to compare means in two categories while ANOVA to compare mean in more than two categories like treatment.
Result: Out of 136 cervical cancer survivors 80% were from hilly region, 75% were diagnosed in late stage of disease and average age was 50 years. Total mean FACT-Cx score was 61.1±14.8, with lowest score in physical wellbeing (8.4±5.5) and highest in social and family wellbeing (18.5±6.2); and 94.8% of the patients had sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the quality of life and sexual function were very low among cervical cancer survivors. Need of counseling regarding the general health and sexual health among cervical cancer is observed.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in Rh-Negative women
Authors: Yadav Munjal , Baral Gehanath
Published: August 2021

Aim: To find out the Maternal and perinatal outcomes in Rh-Negative mothers.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study of all Rhesus negative mothers giving childbirth at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nobel Medical Col- lege Teaching Hospital from March 2020 to February 2021. Maternal variables like age, parity, mode of delivery, and complications were recorded. Fetal vari- ables like period of gestation, fetal outcomes, hemoglobin, indirect bilirubin, fetal weight were noted.
Results: There were 108 cases of Rh negative pregnancy and 95 of them deliv- ered Rh positive fetuses. Prevalence of Rh negative pregnancy was 1.68%. Half of them (51; 53.6%) underwent caesarean section due to obstetric indications with 20 repeat cesarean sections and 9 (17.7%) cases for fetal distress. Gross perinatal death was 9; none of the patients received antepartum im- munoprophylaxis; and 86 received postpartum Anti-D Rh IgG. There was only one case of proven isoimmunisation presented as hydrops fetalis in a grand multiparous woman with positive Indirect Coomb Test; and two newborn re- ceived exchanged transfusion.
Conclusion: Rhesus negative rate was 1.68% and proven isoimmunization rate was 1%.
High Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: a rare case report
Authors: Rai Snigdha
Published: August 2021

High grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS) is a very rare entity with poor outcome in compared to other endometrial stromal sarcoma as it is usually diagnosed in late stage. The stage of the disease, age and complete surgery are most important prognostic factors. Surgical management of a 40 years old lady with menometrorrhagia and high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is presented.
Identification of Cis-regulator elements (CREs) of pollen-specific gene RMP1 and RMP2 in rice
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Nguyen Tien Dung , Trieu Bich Hue ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Nguyen Xuan Vu ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
Published: August 2021

Tissue and organ-specific expression genes induced by Cis-regulator elements (CREs) are distributed in the promoter region of a gene. In rice, pollen-specific genes have been investigated to identify CREs related to specific expression in anther and pollen grain such as GTGANTG10, POLLEN1LELAT52... RMP1 and RMP2genes that specifically express the early stage of pollen development were analysed their promoter region using NEW PLACE and PlantCARE tools. Results showed that 80 CREs were located in the RMP1 promoter and 95 CREs in the RMP2. Among them, 6 CREs are abundant distribution with from 12 to 25 copies, including ARR1AT, CAATBOX1, CACTFTPPCA1, DOFCOREZM, EBOXBNNAPA, and GATABOX. Interestingly, two pollen-specific CREs, GTGANTG10, POLLEN1LELAT52, were also found in RMP1 and RMP2 promoters. In which, GTGANTG10 was counted 14 copies in RMP1 and 21 copies in RMP2, whereas, POLLEN1LELAT52 was found 4 and 21 copies in RMP1and RMP2, respectively
Terminologia związana z tłem konwersacyjnym w opisie modalności językowej oraz propozycja jej przekładu na język polski
Authors: Szymański Leszek
Published: August 2021

The article aims at bringing the model of the semantic field of modal expressions presented by Angelika Kratzer to the attention of Polish-speaking readers. The framework consists of three domains: modal force, modal base and ordering source. The last two are conversational backgrounds. The duality of the modal base also allows for a binary typology of modality. In addition, the paper proposes Polish equivalents of English-language terminology.
ak się zmienia językowy obraz gołębia w polszczyźnie?
Authors: Polkowska Laura
Published: August 2021

This scetch is dedicated to the reconstruction of a linguistic picture of a pigeon in Polish. The research mate-rial consists of lexicographic definitions, idioms, proverbs, derivative words and semantic neologisms, while the latest language data, represented by the texts of Internet comments, allow to reconstruct the most current components of the picture of this bird. The analysis shows that the positive picture of the pigeon as a faith-ful, gentle bird and a symbol of love and peace, is beginning to be replaced by the negative associations. The phrases gołąb to nie ptak (‘pigeon is not a bird’) and latający szczur (‘a rat with wings’) remove the pigeon outside the zoological class of birds and thus – give it a negative axiological characterization.
O perskim oku i o tym, co naprawdę jest perskie w polskich konstrukcjach frazeologicznych
Authors: Paraskiewicz Kinga
Published: August 2021

The subject of the article are certain idiomatic expressions constructed with the adjective perski (‘Persian’) in Polish: perskie oko (‘Persian eye’), perski dywan (‘Persian carpet’), perski proszek (‘Persian powder’) etc. Moreover, the author attempts to answer the question: What do we have that is really Persian in Polish? Are these phrases really related to Persia or Persians, or are they just a word game (homophones)? So far the origin of the most popular one, i.e. perskie oko (‘Persian eye’) has not been established even though a lively discussion on this subject was held on the pages of the Język Polski 90 years ago. It was started by Stanisław Szober who in his book Życie wyrazów, explained the origin of the phrase perskie oko for the first time, indicating that it is a semantic borrowing from French, and its basis is l’œil perçant ‘piercing eye’. In response, Józef Birkenmajer claimed this popular phrase comes from Krakow, relating it – quite incredibly – to a Persian man on the label of the popular Zacherlin insecticide powder called perski proszek (‘Persian powder’). It turns out that the source of this expression was a French anecdote by Alphonse Karr from the late nineteenth century based precisely on the word game.
INTEGRATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION VALUES TOWARDS THE “YATIMAN” TRADITION IN THE MONTH OF SURO IN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Puji Lestari Laela Rohma , Sopiah Sopiah , Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan
Published: August 2021

The values of Islamic education are a characteristic, inherent nature which consists of the rules and perspectives adhered to by the Islamic religion. In the “yatiman” tradition of the month of Suro there are Islamic educational values, namely in aqidah, sharia, and morals. Some people in implementing Suroan have mixed with cultural acts, and are against Islam. However, as time goes on, people prioritize something according to Islamic teachings. This study aims to describe the values of Islamic education in the “yatiman” tradition in the month of Suro in Panjang Baru Village, RW IX, Pekalongan City. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of field research. The data source used is based on the results of observations, interviews conducted with the Long Baru Village Head, the Head of RW IX, Panjang Baru Village, Head of RT, Islamic Religious Leaders, Elders of Panjang Baru Village RW IX, and Orphans, and documentation. Data analysis in this study used a qualitative descriptive through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the “yatiman” “tradition in the month of Suro in Kelurahan Panjang Baru RW IX Pekalongan began with Tahlil, prayer together, and the Suroan night feast then continued with tausiyah activities and donations for orphans the next day. The values of Islamic education are contained in the values of aqidah, sharia values, and moral values.
Маркетинг интегрированного горноклиматического курорта России: монография, [электронное издание сетевого распространения] / В.Г. Богданова. Государственный университет управления. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2021. – 139 с.
Authors: Богданова В.Г.
Published: August 2021

Монография посвящена вопросам маркетинга интегрированного горноклиматического курорта России. Представленная работа представляет собой как монографическое исследование, так и учебное пособие. Информация, которая в ней содержится, может быть полезна как практикующим маркетологам и экономистам при проведении маркетинговых исследований и осуществлении своих функциональных обязанностей, так и студентам и преподавателям в учебном процессе.