bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role amenities play in spatial sorting of migrants and their impact on welfare: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yunda
Published: February 2023

From 2005 to 2015, China’s high-skilled labor was increasingly concentrated in cities with high wages and high rents, while a narrowing of the wage gap between high- and low-skilled labor showed an opposite trend to an increase in geographic sorting. In this research, I estimated a spatial equilibrium structural model to identify the causes of this phenomenon and its impact on welfare. Changes in local labor demand essentially led to an increase in skill sorting, and changes in urban amenities further contributed to this trend. An agglomeration of high-skilled labor raised local productivity, increased wages for all workers, reduced the real wage gap, and widened the welfare gap between workers with different skills. In contrast to the welfare effects of changes in the wage gap driven by exogenous productivity changes, changes in urban wages, rents, and amenities increased welfare inequality between high- and low-skilled workers, but this is mainly because the utility of low-skilled workers from urban amenities is constrained by migration costs; if migration costs caused by China’s household registration policy were eliminated, changes in urban wages, rents, and amenities would reduce welfare inequality between high- and low-skilled workers to a greater extent than a reduction in the real wage gap between these two groups.
TMPRSS2 polymorphism (rs12329760) and the severity of the COVID-19 in Iranian population
Authors: Yaghoobi Arash , Lord Javad Safdari , Rezaiezadeh Javad Soltani , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Amini Masoumeh , Izadi Pantea
Published: February 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the recent pandemic since early 2020. Due to the wide range of clinical symptoms of this disease, from asymptomatic to severe and critical forms, it seems that genetic differences among patients, along with other factors (such as gender, age, and underlying diseases), can explain part of the variation in disease symptoms. The TMPRSS2 enzyme plays a vital role in the early stages of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with the host cells by facilitating viral entry. There is a polymorphism in theTMPRSS2gene, called rs12329760(C to T) as a missense variant, which causes the replacement of valine to methionine in the TMPRSS2 protein at position 160. The present study investigated the association between theTMPRSS2genotype and the severity of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iranian patients. TheTMPRSS2genotype of 251 COVID-19 patients (151 patients with asymptomatic to mild and 100 patients with severe to critical symptoms) was detected on genomic DNA extracted from patients’ peripheral blood via the ARMS-PCR method. Our results showed a significant association between the minor T allele and the severity of the COVID-19 (P-value= 0.043) under the dominant and additive inheritance model. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the T allele of the rs12329760 in theTMPRSS2gene is a risk allele for severe form of COVID-19 in Iranian patients in contrast to most previous studies on this variant in European ancestry populations which suggested this variant as a protective allele. Our results reiterate to the ethnic-specific risk alleles and hidden unknown complexity behind the host genetic susceptibility. However, further studies are needed to address the complex mechanisms behind the interaction of the TMPRSS2 protein and the SARS-CoV-2 and the role of rs12329760 polymorphism in determining the disease severity.
Genome editing by introduction of Cas9/sgRNA into plant cells using temperature-controlled atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Yanagawa Yuki , Suenaga Yuma , Iijima Yusuke , Endo Masaki , Sanada Naoko , Katoh Etsuko , Toki Seiichi , Okino Akitoshi , Mitsuhara Ichiro
Published: February 2023

Previously, we developed a technique to introduce a superfolder green fluorescent protein (sGFP) fusion protein directly into plant cells using atmospheric-pressure plasma. In this study, we attempted genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9) system using this protein introduction technique. As an experimental system to evaluate genome editing, we utilized transgenic reporter plants carrying the reporter genes L-(I-SceI)-UC and sGFP-waxy-HPT. The L-(I-SceI)-UC system allowed the detection of successful genome editing by measuring the chemiluminescent signal observed upon re-functionalization of the luciferase (LUC) gene following genome editing. Similarly, the sGFP-waxy-HPT system conferred hygromycin resistance caused by hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) during genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins targeting these reporter genes were directly introduced into rice calli or tobacco leaf pieces after treatment with N2 and/or CO2 plasma. Cultivation of the treated rice calli on a suitable medium plate produced the luminescence signal, which was not observed in the negative control. Four types of genome-edited sequences were obtained upon sequencing the reporter genes of genome-edited candidate calli. sGFP-waxy-HPT-carrying tobacco cells exhibited hygromycin resistance during genome editing. After repeated cultivation of the treated tobacco leaf pieces on a regeneration medium plate, the calli were observed with leaf pieces. A green callus that was hygromycin-resistant was harvested, and a genome-edited sequence in the tobacco reporter gene was confirmed. As direct introduction of the Cas9/sgRNA (single guide RNA) complex using plasma enables genome editing in plants without any DNA introduction, this method is expected to be optimized for many plant species and may be widely applied for plant breeding in the future.
The multi-drug resistant organisms infections decrease during the antimicrobial stewardship era in cirrhotic patients: An Italian cohort study
Authors: Dalbeni Andrea , Mantovani Anna , Zoncapè Mirko , Cattazzo Filippo , Bevilacqua Michele , De Marco Leonardo , Paon Veronica , Ieluzzi Donatella , Azzini Anna Maria , Carrara Elena , Tacconelli Evelina , Sacerdoti David
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Bacterial infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Our aim was to assess the incidence of bacterial infections, in particular due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) before and after the introduction of the antimicrobial stewardship program, “Stewardship Antimicrobial in VErona” (SAVE). In addition, we also analysed the liver complications and the crude mortality during the whole follow up.

Methods

We analysed 229 cirrhotic subjects without previous hospitalization for infections enrolled at the University Verona Hospital from 2017 to 2019 and followed up until December 2021 (mean follow-up 42.7 months).

Results

101 infections were recorded and 31.7% were recurrent. The most frequent were sepsis (24.7%), pneumonia (19.8%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (17.8%). 14.9% of infections were sustained by MDROs. Liver complications occurred more frequently in infected patients, and in case of MDROs infections with a significantly higher MELD and Child-Pugh score. In Cox regression analysis, mortality was associated with age, diabetes and bacterial infections episodes (OR 3.30, CI 95%: (1.63–6.70). Despite an increase in total infections over the past three years, a decrease in the incidence rate in MDROs infections was documented concurrently with the introduction of SAVE (IRD 28.6; 95% CI: 4.6–52.5, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Our study confirms the burden of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients, especially MDROs, and the strong interconnection with liver complications. The introduction of SAVE decreased MDROs infections. Cirrhotic patients require a closer clinical surveillance to identify colonized patients and avoid the horizontal spread of MDROs in this setting.
Variants of NOD2 in Leishmania guyanensis-infected patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and correlations with plasma circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Mesquita Tirza Gabrielle Ramos de , Junior José do Espírito Santo , Souza Josué Lacerda de , Silva Lener Santos da , Nascimento Tuanny Arruda do , Souza Mara Lúcia Gomes de , Guerra Marcus Vinitius de Farias , Ramasawmy Rajendranath
Published: February 2023

Leishmaniases, a group of vector-borne diseases, are caused by the protozoan intracellular parasite Leishmania (L.) and are transmitted by the phlebotomine sandflies. A wide range of clinical manifestations in L- infection is observed. The clinical outcome ranges from asymptomatic, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to severe mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), depending on the L. species. Interestingly, only a fraction of L.-infected individuals progress to disease development, suggesting a key role of host genetics in the clinical outcome. NOD2 plays a critical role in the control of host defense and inflammation. The NOD2-RIK2 pathway is involved in developing a Th1- type response in patients with VL and C57BL/6 mice infected with L. infantum. We investigated whether variants in the NOD2 gene (R702W rs2066844, G908R rs2066845, and L1007fsinsC rs2066847) are associated with susceptibility to CL caused by L. guyanensis (Lg) in 837 patients with Lg-Cl and 797 healthy controls (HC) with no history of leishmaniasis. Both patients and HC are from the same endemic area of the Amazonas state of Brazil. The variants R702W and G908R were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and L1007fsinsC was by direct nucleotide sequencing. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of L1007fsinsC was 0.5% among the patients with Lg-CL and 0.6% in the healthy controls group. R702W genotypes frequencies were similar in both groups. Only 1% and 1.6% were heterozygous for G908R among the patients with Lg-CL and HC, respectively. None of the variants revealed any association with susceptibility to the development of Lg-CL. Correlations of genotypes with the level of plasma cytokines revealed that individuals with the mutant alleles of R702W tend to have low levels of IFN-γ. G908R heterozygotes also tend to have low IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-8. Variants of NOD2 are not involved in the pathogenesis of Lg-CL.
Effectiveness of formal onboarding for facilitating organizational socialization: A systematic review
Authors: Frögéli Elin , Jenner Bo , Gustavsson Petter
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of formal onboarding programs and practices for new professionals.

Introduction

New professionals may experience high levels of stress and uncertainty. Formal onboarding programs and practices aim to facilitate the socialization of new professionals by structuring early experiences. However, there is a lack of evidence-based recommendations of how to onboard new professionals.

Methods

This review considered studies that compares the effect of formal onboarding practices and programs for new professionals between 18–30 years of age (sample mean) to the effect of informal onboarding practices or ‘treatment as usual’ in professional organizations internationally. The outcome of interest for the review was the extent to which new professionals were socialized. The search strategy aimed to locate both published studies (dating back to year 2006) and studies accepted for publication written in English using the electronic databases Web of Science and Scopus (last search November 9 2021). Titles and abstracts were screened and selected papers were assessed by two independent reviewers against the eligibility criteria. Critical appraisal and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers using Joanna Briggs Institutes templates. The findings were summarized in a narrative synthesis and presented in tables. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations approach.

Results

Five studies including 1556 new professionals with a mean age of 25 years were included in the study. Most participants were new nurses. The methodological quality was assessed as low to moderate and there were high risks of bias. In three of the five included studies, a statistically significant effect of onboarding practices and programs on new professionals’ adjustment could be confirmed (Cohen’s d 0.13–1.35). Structured and supported on-the-job training was shown to be the onboarding strategy with the strongest support to date. The certainty of the evidence was rated as low.

Conclusion

The results suggests that organizations should prioritize on-the-job training as a strategy to facilitate organizational socialization. For researchers, the results suggest that attention should be given to understanding how to best implement on-the-job training to ensure strong, broad, and lasting effects. Importantly, research of higher methodological quality investigating effects of different onboarding programs and practices is needed.

Systematic review registration number: OSF Registries osf.io/awdx6/.
Genomic diversity in Fructobacillus spp. isolated from fructose-rich niches
Authors: Mohamed Florencia , Ruiz Rodriguez Luciana G. , Zorzoli Azul , Dorfmueller Helge C. , Raya Raúl R. , Mozzi Fernanda
Published: February 2023

The Fructobacillus genus is a group of obligately fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that requires the use of fructose or another electron acceptor for their growth. In this work, we performed a comparative genomic analysis within the genus Fructobacillus by using 24 available genomes to evaluate genomic and metabolic differences among these organisms. In the genome of these strains, which varies between 1.15- and 1.75-Mbp, nineteen intact prophage regions, and seven complete CRISPR-Cas type II systems were found. Phylogenetic analyses located the studied genomes in two different clades. A pangenome analysis and a functional classification of their genes revealed that genomes of the first clade presented fewer genes involved in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen compounds. Moreover, the presence of genes strictly related to the use of fructose and electron acceptors was variable within the genus, although these variations were not always related to the phylogeny.
How long is too long: A retrospective study evaluating the impact of the duration of noninvasive oxygenation support strategies (high flow nasal cannula & BiPAP) on mortality in invasive mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kasarabada Aditya , Barker Kimberly , Ganoe Theresa , Clevenger Lindsay , Visco Cristina , Gibson Jessica , Karimi Rahim , Naderi Negar , Lam Brian , Stepanova Maria , Henry Linda , King Christopher , Desai Mehul
Published: February 2023

Background/Aim

We investigated the association of noninvasive oxygenation support [high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and BiPAP], timing of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and inpatient mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods

Retrospective chart review study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (ICD-10 code U07.1) and received IMV from March 2020-October 2021. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated; Obesity defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; morbid obesity was BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. Clinical parameters/vital signs recorded at time of admission.

Results

709 COVID-19 patients underwent IMV, predominantly admitted from March-May 2020 (45%), average age 62±15 years, 67% male, 37% Hispanic, and 9% from group living settings. 44% had obesity, 11% had morbid obesity, 55% had type II diabetes, 75% had hypertension, and average CCI was 3.65 (SD = 3.11). Crude mortality rate was 56%. Close linear association of age with inpatient-mortality risk was found [OR (95% CI) = 1.35 (1.27–1.44) per 5 years, p<0.0001)]. Patients who died after IMV received noninvasive oxygenation support significantly longer: 5.3 (8.0) vs. 2.7 (SD 4.6) days; longer use was also independently associated with a higher risk of inpatient-mortality: OR = 3.1 (1.8–5.4) for 3–7 days, 7.2 (3.8–13.7) for ≥8 days (reference: 1–2 days) (p<0.0001). The association magnitude varied between age groups: 3–7 days duration (ref: 1–2 days), OR = 4.8 (1.9–12.1) in ≥65 years old vs. 2.1 (1.0–4.6) in <65 years old. Higher mortality risk was associated with higher CCI in patients ≥65 (P = 0.0082); among younger patients, obesity (OR = 1.8 (1.0–3.2) or morbid obesity (OR = 2.8;1.4–5.9) (p<0.05) were associated. No mortality association was found for sex or race.

Conclusion

Time spent on noninvasive oxygenation support [as defined by high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and BiPAP] prior to IMV increased mortality risk. Research for the generalizability of our findings to other respiratory failure patient populations is needed.
Drosophila pain sensitization and modulation unveiled by a novel pain model and analgesic drugs
Authors: Jang Wijeong , Oh Myungsok , Cho Eun-Hee , Baek Minwoo , Kim Changsoo
Published: February 2023

In mammals, pain is regulated by the combination of an ascending stimulating and descending inhibitory pain pathway. It remains an intriguing question whether such pain pathways are of ancient origin and conserved in invertebrates. Here we report a new Drosophila pain model and use it to elucidate the pain pathways present in flies. The model employs transgenic flies expressing the human capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in sensory nociceptor neurons, which innervate the whole fly body, including the mouth. Upon capsaicin sipping, the flies abruptly displayed pain-related behaviors such as running away, scurrying around, rubbing vigorously, and pulling at their mouth parts, suggesting that capsaicin stimulated nociceptors in the mouth via activating TRPV1. When reared on capsaicin-containing food, the animals died of starvation, demonstrating the degree of pain experienced. This death rate was reduced by treatment both with NSAIDs and gabapentin, analgesics that inhibit the sensitized ascending pain pathway, and with antidepressants, GABAergic agonists, and morphine, analgesics that strengthen the descending inhibitory pathway. Our results suggest Drosophila to possess intricate pain sensitization and modulation mechanisms similar to mammals, and we propose that this simple, non-invasive feeding assay has utility for high-throughput evaluation and screening of analgesic compounds.
Octopamine and tyramine signalling in Aedes aegypti: Molecular characterization and insight into potential physiological roles
Authors: Finetti Luca , Paluzzi Jean-Paul , Orchard Ian , Lange Angela B.
Published: February 2023

In insects, the biogenic amines octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) are involved in controlling several physiological and behavioural processes. OA and TA act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators or neurohormones, performing their functions by binding to specific receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. OA and TA along with their receptors are involved in reproduction, smell perception, metabolism, and homeostasis. Moreover, OA and TA receptors are targets for insecticides and antiparasitic agents, such as the formamidine Amitraz. In the dengue and yellow fever vector,Aedes aegypti, limited research has been reported on their OA or TA receptors. Here, we identify and molecularly characterize the OA and TA receptors inA.aegypti. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify four OA and three TA receptors in the genome ofA.aegypti. The seven receptors are expressed in all developmental stages ofA.aegypti; however, their highest transcript abundance is observed in the adult. Among several adultA.aegyptitissues examined, including the central nervous system, antennae and rostrum, midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovaries, and testes, the type 2 TA receptor (TAR2) transcript is most abundant in the ovaries and the type 3 TA receptor (TAR3) is enriched in the Malpighian tubules, leading us to propose putative roles for these receptors in reproduction and diuresis, respectively. Furthermore, a blood meal influenced OA and TA receptor transcript expression patterns in adult female tissues at several time points post blood meal, suggesting these receptors may play key physiological roles associated with feeding. To better understand OA and TA signalling inA.aegypti, the transcript expression profiles of key enzymes in their biosynthetic pathway, namely tyrosine decarboxylase (Tdc) and tyramine β-hydroxylase (Tβh), were examined in developmental stages, adult tissues, and brains from blood-fed females. These findings provide information for better understanding the physiological roles of OA, TA, and their receptors inA.aegypti, and additionally, may help in the development of novel strategies for the control of these human disease vectors.
Small hand-designed convolutional neural networks outperform transfer learning in automated cell shape detection in confluent tissues
Authors: Combe Louis , Durande Mélina , Delanoë-Ayari Hélène , Cochet-Escartin Olivier
Published: February 2023

Mechanical cues such as stresses and strains are now recognized as essential regulators in many biological processes like cell division, gene expression or morphogenesis. Studying the interplay between these mechanical cues and biological responses requires experimental tools to measure these cues. In the context of large scale tissues, this can be achieved by segmenting individual cells to extract their shapes and deformations which in turn inform on their mechanical environment. Historically, this has been done by segmentation methods which are well known to be time consuming and error prone. In this context however, one doesn’t necessarily require a cell-level description and a coarse-grained approach can be more efficient while using tools different from segmentation. The advent of machine learning and deep neural networks has revolutionized the field of image analysis in recent years, including in biomedical research. With the democratization of these techniques, more and more researchers are trying to apply them to their own biological systems. In this paper, we tackle a problem of cell shape measurement thanks to a large annotated dataset. We develop simple Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which we thoroughly optimize in terms of architecture and complexity to question construction rules usually applied. We find that increasing the complexity of the networks rapidly no longer yields improvements in performance and that the number of kernels in each convolutional layer is the most important parameter to achieve good results. In addition, we compare our step-by-step approach with transfer learning and find that our simple, optimized CNNs give better predictions, are faster in training and analysis and don’t require more technical knowledge to be implemented. Overall, we offer a roadmap to develop optimized models and argue that we should limit the complexity of such models. We conclude by illustrating this strategy on a similar problem and dataset.
Aging decreases docosahexaenoic acid transport across the blood-brain barrier in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Iwao Takuro , Takata Fuyuko , Matsumoto Junichi , Aridome Hisataka , Yasunaga Miho , Yokoya Miki , Kataoka Yasufumi , Dohgu Shinya
Published: February 2023

Nutrients are actively taken up by the brain via various transporters at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A lack of specific nutrients in the aged brain, including decreased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction. To compensate for decreased brain DHA, orally supplied DHA must be transported from the circulating blood to the brain across the BBB through transport carriers, including major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (MFSD2A) and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) that transport esterified and non-esterified DHA, respectively. Although it is known that the integrity of the BBB is altered during aging, the impact of aging on DHA transport across the BBB has not been fully elucidated. We used 2-, 8-, 12-, and 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice to evaluate brain uptake of [14C]DHA, as the non-esterified form, using an in situ transcardiac brain perfusion technique. Primary culture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) was used to evaluate the effect of siRNA-mediated MFSD2A knockdown on cellular uptake of [14C]DHA. We observed that the 12- and 24-month-old mice exhibited significant reductions in brain uptake of [14C]DHA and decreased MFSD2A protein expression in the brain microvasculature compared with that of the 2-month-old mice; nevertheless, FABP5 protein expression was up-regulated with age. Brain uptake of [14C]DHA was inhibited by excess unlabeled DHA in 2-month-old mice. Transfection of MFSD2A siRNA into RBECs decreased the MFSD2A protein expression levels by 30% and reduced cellular uptake of [14C]DHA by 20%. These results suggest that MFSD2A is involved in non-esterified DHA transport at the BBB. Therefore, the decreased DHA transport across the BBB that occurs with aging could be due to age-related down-regulation of MFSD2A rather than FABP5.
Virtual reality as a new means of communication: A case study analysis of fashion brand, Accidental Cutting
Authors: Iszoro Eva , Almond Kevin
Published: February 2023

The research analyses the challenges and opportunities that virtual reality has initiated for the communication of fashion collections since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020. It focuses on a case study of the work of the Accidental Cutting fashion brand, who have pioneered the presentation of virtual fashion collections at London Fashion Week since September 2020. The brand has explored new ways to promote and market their collections investigating a diverse use of virtual reality. The study also explores how this technology has subsequently become linked to different phases involved in the design and manufacture of the brand’s clothes. The methodological approach is qualitative and focuses on the auto-ethnographic reflections of the Accidental Cutting designer. These consider the challenges, technical and material difficulties, as well as opportunities in the global context of fashion, which the brand had to face when showing their virtual collections amid the restrictions imposed by COVID-19. The research also considers the future direction for the use of virtual reality in global fashion communication within a post pandemic world.
Analysis of relationships between personality factors and the risk of Eating Disorders
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain, Castejón María A. , Garcés de Los Fayos Enrique J. ,   Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Murcia, Spain, Berengüí Rosendo ,   Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Regarding the origin of Eating Disorders, different psychological variables such as the personality, have been identified as risk factors for the onset and subsequent development of these pathologies. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between personality and different risk variables for the development of ED in the population of female students without disorders. Method: Participants included 627 women, Spanish university students, who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted in order to observe patterns of common variation among the variables, and to determine the contribution of the personality traits in the explanation of the variables. Results: Neuroticism correlated significantly with all scales and is the main predictor of the risk scales (drive for thinness, bulimia and body dissatisfaction), and the seven psychological scales. The remaining factors showed negative correlations with all of the scales. Extraversion was the main predictor variable in the explained variance of interpersonal insecurity and interpersonal alienation. In addition, conscientiousness and agreeableness demonstrated an effect on different scales in combination with other factors. Conclusion: The study sustained the importance of personality in the risk of developing FED. Neuroticism is the factor that is most closely related to the risk variables and psychological constructs which are conceptually relevant in the development and maintenance of these disorders. The study of personality should help in identifying at-risk populations, and will enable adopting solutions aimed at the prevention of ED.
Modelling silicon etching using inverse methods
Authors: Kincanon Eric
Published: February 2023

This paper considers a real-world application of a recently presented alternative form of the Gelfand-Levitan equation. Here is considered the case of potential in the plasma above silicon during the etching process. It is shown that although standard methods have significant challenges, the alternative form of the Gelfand-Levitan equation gives a straightforward way to determine the reflection coefficient from an assumed potential.Â Â
Modified Kudryashov method and its applications to the (2+1)-dimensional cubic Klein-Gordon and (3+1)- dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations
Authors: M. Abdul Al Woadud K. , Jahirul Islam Md. , Rahman Khan Aminur
Published: February 2023

The exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) play a vital role to reveal the central mechanism of complex physical phe-nomenon. More precisely, in this paper, we acquired new exact solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional cubic Kleinâ€“Gordon (cKG) and (3+1)-dimensional Zakharovâ€“Kuznetsov (ZK) equations by using the modified Kudraysov method. As results, a portion of the new accurate voyaging wave answers for the situations above is officially delivered. All arrangements are plotted in the perspective on three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) line shape through the MATLAB programming for exploring the genuine meaning of the concentrated on conditions. The periodic type of solution is created using a modified Kudryashov approach, which is distinct from the other methods investigated.Â Â
Monitoring land cover change and population growth, A study case of Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: M Menegbo Emmanuel
Published: February 2023

Remote Sensing provides earth surface data use in mapping and monitoring the built environment and other land uses. This work aims to monitor land cover change and Population growth in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria using Global Land cover 30 data and Worldpop data between2000 and 2020 for land cover and 2010 to 2020 for population. Global Land cover30 of 2000 - 2020 used to map and detect land cover change while the Worldpop of 2010 and 2020 used to map population growth. The outputs of the work show that artificial surfaces (built-up area)Â increase by 33.75 % from 2000 to 2020, similarly built-up area population will increase by 38.66 % between 2000 and 2020.Bare land recorded the highest expansion of 418.71% from 2000 to 2020. Wetlands reduce by 1.36% and forest also reduces by 37.05%, the effect of deforestation on climate change continues.Â  Change detection techniques using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing remain the most cost effective way of monitoring the environment for better planning and informed decision making.Â Â Â
Measurement of radon concentration in Iraqi construction workers and painterâ€™s blood samples using CR-39 passive detectors
Authors: A Amin Sahar , M Haleem Azhar
Published: February 2023

Radon concentration was estimated in 44 blood samples collected from Iraqi construction workers and painters using CR-39 passive detectors. Twenty-nine of them are non-smokers and the rest are heavy smokers. The result showed that the radon concentrations in the blood samples for construction workers were ranged between 9.201 and 126.763 Bq.m-3 with an average value of 45.987 Bq.m-3. Whilst, the radon concentrations in the blood samples for painters were ranged between 2.385 and 90.983 Bq.m-3 with an average value of 43.664 Bq.m-3. The uranium concentrations in the blood samples for construction workers and painters were ranged between (0.282-3.883) ppb with average value of 1.409 ppb, and between (0.073-2.787) ppb with average value of 1.338 ppb, respectively. The results also showed that the uranium concentration increase with age. On the other side, the average concentrations of uranium in the blood samples for smoker workers is higher than that for non-smoker workers, which conclude that smoking can cause an increase of uranium in the smokerâ€™s blood. All the results revealed that the uranium concentration in the study blood samples were lower than the global permitted value reported by UNSCEAR (1993) and WHO (2001).Â Â Â
Tratamento conservador da gengivite necrosante na adolescência: relato de caso com acompanhamento de dois anos
Authors: Levi Yara Loyanne Almeida Silva , de Paula Bruna Luísa , Salmeron Samira , Maia Luciana Prado , Silveira Elcia Maria Varize
Published: February 2023

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de gengivite necrosante, bem como o tratamento e acompanhamento durante dois anos, em uma paciente adolescente. RELATO DE CASO: Os exames revelaram presença de lesões localizadas nas papilas interdentais e margem gengival, cobertas por epitélio necrótico pseudomembranoso branco-amarelado, com odor fétido, sangramento espontâneo, tecido gengival com aspecto brilhante e avermelhado, grande acúmulo de biofilme bacteriano nas superfícies dentárias e ausência de perda óssea. O tratamento inicial foi composto por raspagem supragengival, prescrição de solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, orientação de higiene bucal e acompanhamento rígido. CONCLUSÃO: Ao término do tratamento, foi observada melhora do quadro clínico, sem necessidade de cirurgias corretivas.
Perfil da microbiota subgengival e do proteoma salivar associados à periodontite
Authors: Hartenbach Fátima Aparecida Rocha Resende , Velasquez Erika , Nogueira Fábio C. S. , Domont Gilberto , Ferreira Eliane de Oliveira , Boghossian Carina Maciel da Silva , Colombo Ana Paula Vieira
Published: February 2023

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo descreveu perfis relacionados à periodontite (P) e à saúde periodontal (SP), baseados na microbiota subgengival e no proteoma salivar. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Amostras de biofilme subgengival e saliva foram obtidas de 30 indivíduos com P e dez com SP. A microbiota subgengival foi determinada pelo método do checkerboard; e o proteoma salivar, analisado por espectrometria de massas com ionização por electrospray. Diferenças nas espécies microbianas e proteínas salivares entre os grupos foram analisadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney, enquanto as correlações entre esses parâmetros foram avaliadas pelo teste de Pearson. A análise de cluster foi realizada para agrupar indivíduos e determinar perfis relacionados à doença, com base nos microrganismos subgengivais e proteínas salivares. RESULTADOS: A maioria das espécies foi detectada em níveis mais elevados na P, mas poucas diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. Altos níveis de microrganismos subgengivais apresentaram correlações moderadas com baixos níveis de várias proteínas salivares. Com base na microbiota subgengival e no proteoma salivar, um grupo homogêneo de indivíduos com P foi observado. Esse foi caracterizado pela idade avançada, níveis reduzidos de Cutibacterium acnes, Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Lactobacillus spp. e Peptostreptococcus anaerobius; e altos níveis de cistina, hemopoxina, imunoglobulinas, proteínas induzidas por prolactina, fosfoproteína ácida e proteína 3 rica em prolina, e proteína reguladora de andrógeno da glândula submaxilar. CONCLUSÃO: A variabilidade e diversidade interindividual da microbiota periodontal e do proteoma salivar não foi capaz de discriminar entre todos os indivíduos com SP e P, mas apenas um subconjunto de pacientes com periodontite.
A influência do biofilme dental em prótese parcial removível: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Chagas Diego Pasquali , Gambin Diego José , De Carli João Paulo , Palhano Huriel Scartazzini
Published: February 2023

OBJETIVO: O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é avaliar a infl uência do biofi lme dental em pacientes usuários de prótese parcial removível. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfi co com base em artigos indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicos: Cochrane, Google Acadêmico, Pubmed e Scielo. Foram incluídos artigos de 2005 até 2021 em língua inglesa e portuguesa, com os seguintes termos: "dental biofi lm" AND/OR "removable partial prosthesis" AND/OR "secondary caries" AND/OR "tooth loss" AND/OR periodontal diseases. RESULTADOS: Os resultados incluíram nove artigos neste estudo. Nos trabalhos que continham o tema higienização, parece haver um consenso de que as estratégias que combinaram limpeza química e mecânica foram mais efi cazes no combate do biofi lme sobre as PPRs. Os estudos que realizaram análise microbiológica detectaram mudança no biofi lme bucal após a confecção das próteses, variando de 30 a 180 dias. Os principais microrganismos encontrados foram Streptococcus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia e Candida albicans. Tais microrganismos podem causar cárie, periodontite e candidíase bucal. Outros estudos apontam para a incidência de estomatite protética, devido à má higienização das PPRs. CONCLUSÃO: Assim, o biofi lme dental pode ocasionar problemas na futura desadaptação das PPRs, podendo levar à evolução patológica dos dentes decorrente de doença periodontal e associação de microrganismos. Além disso, podem ser notados problemas ocasionados por rugosidade superfi cial em próteses pelo excesso de biofi lme aderido.
Crossmatching of high-proper motion L, T, and Y brown dwarfs with large photometric surveys
Authors: Avdeeva Aleksandra S. , Karpov Sergey V. , Malkov Oleg Yu.
Published: February 2023

L, T, and Y brown dwarf (BD) exploration is a topical issue. First, the transition boundary between planets and BDs is not fully understood yet. Second, there is a phenomenon called the L/T-transition. The observed properties of cooler BDs differ significantly from the less cool ones, namely, colors of BDs shift much bluer and, simultaneously, dwarfs become brighter with a decrease in temperature. Models of this phenomenon are now being actively developed, for which reason BDs observed in a wide range of spectra are needed. Our goal is to refine the position of BDs in the parameter space of colors and magnitudes in order to effectively search for them in photometric surveys (without involving spectroscopic observations). For that reason, we crossmatched about 500 known L, T, and Y BDs with large photometric surveys. We paid special attention to the problem of identifying objects near the Sun because the crossmatching by default is made by searching for the closest object in a particular survey, which can be inappropriate concerning the high proper motions of our dwarfs. We have determined the color indices that can be used to search for these objects in large photometric surveys, and we have pointed out the color indices that are inappropriate for this purpose. We also made preliminary estimates of the radius matching to search for objects in the modern photometric surveys, given their proximity to the Sun and, consequently, their high proper motion.
The influences of acidic electrolyzed water on quality and bacteria community of fresh-cut jackfruit in storage
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Xu Yujuan , Wu Jijun , Yu Yuanshan
Published: February 2023

This study evaluated the effects of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEW) on the quality and bacterial communities of fresh-cut jackfruit during storage. The result showed that AEW treatment, as compared to the CK group (without AEW treatment), could effectively inhibit the browning, maintain higher firmness and higher amounts of total titratable acidity (TTA) (0.21%), sugars (58.30 g/kg), ascorbic acids (28.72 mg/kg) and total phenolics (35.47 mg/kg) of fresh-cut jackfruits, and suppress the decrease of antioxidant ability during 4–8 days of storage. Additionally, the bacterial communities were significantly affected by AEW during storage. In particular, the AEW treated samples showed lower abundance of Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus than the CK group after storage of 8 day. And energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism has the significantly lower (p < 0.05) relative abundance in the AEW group than in CK group. These results suggested that AEW (pH: 4.2–4.5, ACC: 35–38 mg/L) treatment could maintain the quality of fresh-cut jackfruit during storage. It could be attributed to that AEW treatment affect the growth and metabolism of bacterial communities, resulting in the decrease of nutrients consumption.
Enhancement of K-means clustering in big data based on equilibrium optimizer algorithm
Authors: Al-kababchee Sarah Ghanim Mahmood , Algamal Zakariya Yahya , Qasim Omar Saber
Published: February 2023

Data mining’s primary clustering method has several uses, including gene analysis. A set of unlabeled data is divided into clusters using data features in a clustering study, which is an unsupervised learning problem. Data in a cluster are more comparable to one another than to those in other groups. However, the number of clusters has a direct impact on how well the K-means algorithm performs. In order to find the best solutions for these real-world optimization issues, it is necessary to use techniques that properly explore the search spaces. In this research, an enhancement of K-means clustering is proposed by applying an equilibrium optimization approach. The suggested approach adjusts the number of clusters while simultaneously choosing the best attributes to find the optimal answer. The findings establish the usefulness of the suggested method in comparison to existing algorithms in terms of intra-cluster distances and Rand index based on five datasets. Through the results shown and a comparison of the proposed method with the rest of the traditional methods, it was found that the proposal is better in terms of the internal dimension of the elements within the same cluster, as well as the Rand index. In conclusion, the suggested technique can be successfully employed for data clustering and can offer significant support.
Schurm-power convexity for general geometric Bonferroni mean of multiple parameters and comparison inequalities between several means
Authors: Wu Yi-Ting , Qi Feng
Published: February 2023

In the paper, the authors present the Schurm-power convexity and concavity for the general geometric Bonferroni mean of multiple parameters and establish comparison inequalities for bounding the general geometric Bonferroni mean in terms of the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means. These Schur convexity and concavity provide a unified generalization of the Schur convexity and concavity for the geometric Bonferroni means of two or three parameters.
Padovan or Perrin numbers that are concatenations of two distinct base b repdigits
Authors: Adédji Kouèssi N. , Dossou-yovo Virgile , Rihane Salah E. , Togbé Alain
Published: February 2023

Let {P

n
}
n⩾0 be the Padovan sequence with initial conditions P
0=0, P
1=1, and P
2=1 and the recurrence relation P

n+3=P

n+1 + P

n
. Its companion sequence is known as the Perrin sequence {E

n
}
n⩾0 that satisfies the same above recurrence relation with the initial conditions E
0=3, E
1=0 and E
2=2. In this paper, we determine all Padovan and Perrin numbers that are concatenations of two distinct base b repdigits with 2 ⩽ b ⩽ 9. As corollary, we prove that the largest Padovan and Perrin numbers which can be representable as a concatenations of two distinct base b repdigits are

P

26

=
816
=

2244
‾

7

$ P_{26}=816=\overline{2244}_7 $

and

E

24

=
853
=

31111
‾

4

$ E_{24}=853=\overline{31111}_4 $

.
Design principles for electrically driven Luttinger liquid-fed plasmonic nanoantennas
Authors: Jeon Eun Su , Ko YoonYeong , Yoo SeokJae
Published: February 2023

Electrons injected into one-dimensional (1D) metals are efficiently converted into infrared plasmons because the unique property of the Luttinger liquid, a strongly correlated electronic matter in one-dimensional (1D) metals, prohibits excitations of other quasiparticles. Using the Luttinger liquid behavior, the electrically driven 1D metals can be used as a feed for optical nanoantennas. Nanoantennas can couple the 1D Luttinger liquid plasmons in the feed to the radiating photons in free space. In this work, we suggest design principles for the 1D metallic Luttinger liquid feed and the nanoantennas to obtain high injection and radiation efficiencies, respectively. We expect that our work can promote experimental efforts to realize electrically driven Luttinger liquid-fed nanoantennas and efficient infrared light sources.
The crystal structure of trichlorido[N-[(2-oxyphenyl)methylidene]phenylglycinemethylester-κ3
O,N,O′]-tin(IV) – methylene chloride (1/1), C16H14Cl3NO3Sn·CH2Cl2
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Weling Gisela
Published: February 2023

C16H14Cl3NO3Sn·CH2Cl2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.1341(4) Å, b = 10.5867(2) Å, c = 18.6979(6) Å, β = 93.126(3)°, V = 2200.7(1) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0405, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0847, T = 213 K.
Dynamics and attitude control of space-based synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Khoroshylov Serhii , Martyniuk Serhii , Sushko Oleksandr , Vasyliev Volodymyr , Medzmariashvili Elguja , Woods William
Published: February 2023

This work tackles the problem of attitude control of a space-based synthetic aperture radar with a deployable reflector antenna, representing a lightly damped uncertain vibratory system with highly nonlinear dynamics. A control strategy based on two identifiable in-orbit vector parameters is proposed to make the robust controller less conservative. The first parameter is used in the feedforward loop to achieve a trade-off between the energy efficiency of maneuvers and the amplitudes of the oscillatory response. The feedback loop utilizes the second parameter to accurately handle the controller-structure interactions by adaptive notch filters. The notch filters are included in the augmented plant at the design stage to guarantee closed-loop robustness against disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, and parametric uncertainty. The system’s robustness and specified requirements are confirmed by formal criteria and numerical simulations using a realistic model of the flexible spacecraft.
Hedging with modal auxiliary verbs in scientific discourse and women’s language
Authors: Schmauss Lindsay Susannah , Kilian Kelly
Published: February 2023

This Critical Discourse Analysis examines hedging as a linguistic device at the intersection of scientific discourse and women’s language. Hedging has been identified as a marker of scientific discourse where it is valued for expanding dialogic space for the promulgation of knowledge. It is also a recognised marker of women’s common language, where it is purported to align with discriminatory gender norms that women should not impose their views but could also be construed as a lack of clear thinking, conviction, or confidence. This could be limiting, especially in professional domains, however, the particular value attached to hedging in scientific discourse challenges this hypothesis and provides the focus of this study of gender differences in hedging with modal auxiliary verbs in the context of scientific discourse. The findings confirm hedging as a marker of scientific discourse and reflect modal auxiliaries being used with similar frequency by women and men, although with subtle, but significant differences in the specific modals that were used, and how. This provides a nuanced picture of women hedging in ways that mostly exemplify the standards of scientific discourse while also integrating some of the socially normative hedging practices that are associated with women’s language.