bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between healthcare needs, socioeconomic status, and life satisfaction from a Chinese rural population cohort, 2012–2018
Authors: Chen Caiyun , Xu Richard Huan , Wong Eliza Lai-yi , Wang Dong
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of unmet healthcare needs and clarify its impact on socioeconomic status (SES) and life satisfaction in a longitudinal cohort of the Chinese rural population. Data used in this study were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 1387 eligible rural residents from the Chinese Family Panel Studies. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with unmet healthcare needs and the impact of unmet healthcare needs on respondents’ perceived SES and life satisfaction. Approximately 34.6% of respondents were male, 18.2% were ≤ 40 years, and 66.7% had completed primary education or below. Around 19% and 32.6% of individuals who healthcare needs were met reported an above average socioeconomic status and life satisfaction, respectively in the baseline survey. GEE models demonstrated that unmet healthcare needs were significantly associated with low perceived SES (Odds ratio = 1.57, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (Odds ratio = 1.23, p = 0.03) adjusted by covariates. Respondents who were older, reported moderate or severe illness, and with chronic conditions were more likely to report the unmet healthcare needs.Unmet healthcare needs are longitudinally associated with low SES and life satisfaction among the Chinese rural population, the disparity in access to healthcare exists among this population.
A handy imaging sensor array based on the phase transformation from CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5: highly sensitive and rapid detection of water content in ethanol
Authors: Gu Rongmeng , Li Xiuting , Meng Yan , Li Zhihui , Nie Hongyu , Wang Xiaokun , Xiao Dan
Published: August 2022

This work proposes a handy imaging sensor array based on the phase transformation from CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 for highly sensitive and rapid detection of the water content in ethanol.
Elucidating the coordination chemistry of the radium ion for targeted alpha therapy
Authors: Ivanov Alexander S. , Simms Megan E. , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S. , Benny Paul D. , Griswold Justin R. , Delmau Laetitia H. , Thiele Nikki A.
Published: August 2022

To advance the chelation chemistry of the elusive radium ion for targeted radionuclide therapy applications, we report its complexation thermodynamics with the macrocyclic chelators macropa and DOTA.
Charge screening wormlike micelles affects extensional relaxation time and noodle formation
Authors: Huang Rui , McDowall Daniel , Ng Henry , Thomson Lisa , Al-Hilaly Youssra K. , Doutch James , Burholt Sam , Serpell Louise C. , Poole Robert J. , Adams Dave J.
Published: August 2022

The mechanical properties of gel noodles are controlled by screening of charges in the precursor micellar aggregates.
X-ray diffraction for probing free energy profiles and self-diffusivity of gases in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chiou Da-Shiuan , Chuang Yu-Chun , Chang Chung-Kai , Hsu Cheng-Hsun , Lin Li-Chiang , Kang Dun-Yen
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a novel methodology for measuring the free energy profiles and the self-diffusivity of gases in crystalline microporous materials.
Identification of DNA nucleotides by conductance and tunnelling current variation through borophene nanogaps
Authors: Jena Milan Kumar , Pathak Biswarup
Published: August 2022

Single-stranded (ss) DNA strand translocates through a borophene nanogap, providing a signature current signal for each nucleotide.
Discovery of small molecule ligands for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase and their use as inhibitors and PROTAC degraders
Authors: Diehl Claudia J. , Ciulli Alessio
Published: August 2022

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure-based design of small-molecule VHL ligands and their applications as VHL inhibitors and E3 ligase recruiting moieties in PROTAC degraders.
Extraordinary intense blue Tl+ lone-pair photoluminescence from thallium(i) chloride hydroborate Tl3Cl[B12H12]
Authors: Bareiß Kevin U. , Bette Sebastian , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2022

Previously unknown thallium(i) chloride hydroborate Tl3Cl[B12H12], crystallising with a hexagonal perovskite-type motif, was obtained by the reaction of the carbonate Tl2[CO3] with an aqueous solution of (H3O)2[B12H12] in the presence of Cl− anions.
Understanding the role of rare-earth metal doping on the electronic structure and optical characteristics of ZnO
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Rahaman Md. Zahidur , Chowdhury Emdadul Haque , Motalab Mohammad , Hossain A. K. M. Akhter , Roknuzzaman Md
Published: August 2022

This work summarizes that incorporating rare earth (RE) metal atoms into a ZnO crystal might boost the optical absorption and photoconductivity in the visible spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.
Cu-catalysed transamidation of unactivated aliphatic amides
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Dhawan Sanjeev , Bala Renu , Mohite Sachin Balaso , Singh Parvesh , Karpoormath Rajshekhar
Published: August 2022

Direct transamidation is gaining prominence as a ground-breaking technique that generates a wide variety of amides without the requirement of acid–amine coupling or other intermediate steps.
Recent advances in 3-aminoindazoles as versatile synthons for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles
Authors: Guo Yimei , Gao Qinghe
Published: August 2022

This review systematically summarizes for the first time the recent developments in 3-aminoindazoles as versatile synthons to construct nitrogen heterocycles through condensation annulation, denitrogenative transannulation and rearrangement ring expansion.
One-pot synthesis of α-sulfoximinophosphonate via Kabachnik–Fields reaction
Authors: Natarajan K. , Sharma Suraj , Irfana Jesin C. P. , Kataria Ramesh , Nandi Ganesh Chandra
Published: August 2022

Hitherto unknown α-sulfoximinophosphonates are synthesized via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction with imine (sulfoximine) as a nucleophile for the first time.
Solution-processable hierarchical SiNW/PEDOT/MnOx electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Shen Xiaojuan , Wei Xinyue , Wang Tongfei , Li Sumin , Li Haitao
Published: August 2022

Hierarchical core–shell electrode of PEDOT and MnOx decorated SiNWs was developed through a simple, facile and low-temperature method, which displayed an excellent areal capacitance of 352.08 mF cm−2.
Heterostructural TiO2/Ti3C2 MXene aerogel composite for photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill effluent
Authors: Lim Jocelyn Jean Yi , Kay Lup Andrew Ng
Published: August 2022

A TiO2/Ti3C2 MXene aerogel composite was synthesised for photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill effluent.
Construction and application of bionic antifouling coatings inspired by soft coral
Authors: Bing Wei , Jin E. , Tian Limei , Jin Huichao , Liu Zhuo
Published: August 2022

Marine biofouling will bring a series of environmental and social problems, which restrict the development and utilisation of marine resources. Therefore, how to prevent biofouling has become a global issue. With the exploration of antifouling methods, bionic antifouling technology with environmentally friendly, broad‐spectrum, and long‐term advantages has gradually attracted people's attention. Inspired by the antifouling strategy of soft coral (Sarcophyton trocheliophorum), the silicone rubber (RTV‐2) with similar elasticity to coral skin was selected as the substrate. The composite structure of the upper transparent layer and the lower porous layer was prepared by simulating the structure of soft coral as the structural factors of the bionic antifouling coatings. Meanwhile, several organic antifouling components with high content contained in soft coral were added to the transparent layer and porous layer, respectively, as the component factors of biomimetic coatings. The bionic antifouling coatings, which are highly consistent with the coral structure, obtained the best antifouling performance under static and dynamic conditions. The above results provide new ideas for the synthesis of environmentally friendly bionic antifouling coatings.
STAR‐RIS‐assisted scheme for enhancing physical layer security in NOMA systems
Authors: Xu Shu , Liu Chen , Wang Hong , Qian Mujun , Li Jin
Published: August 2022

Simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR‐RIS) is capable of achieving full coverage area compared with conventional reflection‐only reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Motivated by this observation, the secrecy performance of STAR‐RIS‐assisted non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems over Rayleigh fading channels is investigated, where the incident signals sent by base station are reflected and transmitted to a pair of NOMA users in the presence of two eavesdroppers. To evaluate the secrecy performance of STAR‐RIS‐NOMA systems, the exact and asymptotic expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secrecy diversity order are derived, in which the correlation of the channels between the elements of each column on STAR‐RIS is taken into consideration. As a benchmark, the secrecy performance of the STAR‐RIS strategy for orthogonal multiple access (OMA) system is also analysed. Numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the analytical results and demonstrate that: The SOP of STAR‐RIS‐NOMA outperforms that of STAR‐RIS‐assisted OMA and conventional cooperative communication systems. Furthermore, the scheme proposed here can obtain full order of secrecy diversity.
Sparse point‐voxel aggregation network for efficient point cloud semantic segmentation
Authors: Fang Zheng , Xiong Binyu , Liu Fei
Published: August 2022

Effective and efficient semantic segmentation of 3D point cloud data is important for many tasks. Many methods for point cloud semantic segmentation rely on computationally expensive sampling and grouping layers to process irregular points, while others convert irregular points into regular volumetric grids and process them with a 3D U‐Net‐based semantic segmentation network. However, most of these methods suffer from high computational costs and cannot be applied to the real‐time processing of large‐scale point clouds. To address these issues, we propose a computationally efficient point‐voxel‐based network architecture named Sparse Point‐Voxel Aggregation Network (SPVAN) for point cloud semantic segmentation. It consists of an encoding layer that consists of sparse convolution and MLP layers and a new decoding layer called Point Feature Aggregation Layer (PFAL) that is only composed of feature interpolation and MLP layers. Compared with recent popular point‐voxel‐based methods with the U‐Net‐based network, our method does not need 3D convolution networks in the decoding layer and thus achieves a higher speed. Experimental results on the large‐scale SemanticKITTI dataset show that our method gets a good balance between the efficiency and the performance. Moreover, our method achieves on‐par or better performance than previous methods for semantic segmentation on the challenging S3DIS dataset.
Improved sliding mode control for permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system
Authors: Lu Huacai , Yang Dongxue , Su Zhongde
Published: August 2022

In this study, an improved sliding mode control (ISMC) method combining continuous non‐singular terminal sliding mode (CNTSM) and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system is proposed to improve the performance of PMSM. Based on the mathematical model of PMSM, combined with SMC theory and LADRC theory, CNTSM controller based on continuous function is proposed to solve the singularity of terminal sliding mode (TSM) control. In order to solve the contradiction between the convergence performance of sliding mode control and the ability of chattering suppression, fuzzy control is introduced to adjust the gain of sliding mode controller in real time. LADRC is developed to ensure the current starting conditions of the motor and improve the robustness. Moreover, the asymptotic stability of the system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theorem and it is verified by the AISim MBD servo motor experimental platform. Experiments show that the algorithm has good tracking performance and robustness.
Adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling PID controller for frequency regulation in modern power system
Authors: Razmi Peyman , Rahimi Tohid , Sabahi Kamel , Gheisarnejad Meysam , Khooban Mohammad‐Hassan
Published: August 2022

Here an adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling proportional, integral and derivative (FGPID) controller has been proposed for the load frequency control of a three‐area inter‐connected modern power system with the large‐scale wind‐power penetration in the presence of the vehicle‐to‐grid. The proposed FGPID controller benefits from two main advantages that it has an adaptive structure to deal with changes in the parameters of the power system and also its stability has been shown using Lyapunov theory. The adaptive terms for calculations the parameters of this controller are given and discussed, which are derived from an appropriate Lyapunov’s function, are not depend on the controlled system parameters which makes it possible to be employed in many applications even with considering uncertainty. This method is investigated in the case study considering plug in electric vehicles and it was observed that the tuning parameters are realized successfully and frequency control can be improved. A comparison among a fixed structure controller and the proposed FGPID controller is presented. The comparison study indicates that the proposed FGPID controller has better performance than the other fixed structure controllers and can generate the best dynamic response following load and wind uncertanities which makes it to implement practically.
The resonant tidal evolution of the Earth-Moon distance
Authors: Farhat Mohammad , Auclair-Desrotour Pierre , Boué Gwenaël , Laskar Jacques
Published: August 2022

Due to tidal interactions in the Earth-Moon system, the spin of the Earth slows down and the Moon drifts away. This recession of the Moon can now be measured with great precision, but it was noticed more than fifty years ago that simple tidal models extrapolated back in time lead to an age of the Moon that is largely incompatible with the geochronological and geochemical evidence. In order to evade this problem, more elaborate models have been proposed, taking into account the oceanic tidal dissipation. However, these models have not been able to fit both the estimated lunar age and the present rate of lunar recession simultaneously. In the present work, we present a physical model that reconciles these two constraints and yields a unique solution for the tidal history. This solution fits the available geological proxies for the history of the Earth-Moon system well and it consolidates the cyclostratigraphic method. Our work extends the lineage of earlier works on the analytical treatment of fluid tides on varying bounded surfaces that is further coupled with solid tidal deformations. This allows us to take into account the time-varying continental configuration on Earth by considering hemispherical and global ocean models. The resulting evolution of the Earth-Moon system involves multiple crossings of resonances in the oceanic dissipation that are associated with significant and rapid variations in the lunar orbital distance, the length of an Earth day and the Earth’s obliquity.
The SHARDDS survey: limits on planet occurrence rates based on point sources analysis via the Auto-RSM framework
Authors: Dahlqvist C.-H. , Milli J. , Absil O. , Cantalloube F. , Matra L. , Choquet E. , del Burgo C. , Marshall J. P. , Wyatt M. , Ertel S.
Published: August 2022

Context.In the past decade, high contrast imaging allowed the detection and characterisation of exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and circumstellar disks. Large surveys provided new insights about the frequency and properties of massive sub-stellar companions with separations from 5 to 300 au.

Aims.In this context, our study aims to detect and characterise potential exoplanets and brown dwarfs within debris disks, considering a diverse population of stars with respect to stellar age and spectral type. We present in this paper the analysis of a set ofH-band images taken by the VLT/SPHERE instrument in the context of the SHARDDS survey. This survey gathers 55 main-sequence stars within 100 pc, known to host a high-infrared-excess debris disk, allowing us to potentially better understand the complex interactions between substellar companions and disks.

Methods.We rely on the Auto-RSM framework to perform an in-depth analysis of the considered targets, via the computation of detection maps and contrast curves. A clustering approach is used to divide the set of targets into multiple subsets, in order to reduce the computation time by estimating a single optimal parametrisation for each considered subset. Detection maps generated with different approaches are used along with contrast curves to identify potential planetary companions. Planet detection and planet occurrence frequencies are derived from the generated contrast curves, relying on two well-known evolutionary models, namely AMES-DUSTY and AMES-COND. Finally, we study the influence of the observing conditions and observing sequence characteristics on the performance measured in terms of contrast.

Results.The use of Auto-RSM allows us to reach high contrast at short separations, with a median contrast of 105at 300 mas, for a completeness level of 95%. A new planetary characterisation algorithm, based on the RSM framework, is developed and tested successfully, showing a higher astrometric and photometric precision for faint sources compared to standard approaches. Apart from the already known companion of HD 206893 and two point-like sources around HD 114082 which are most likely background stars, we did not detect any new companion around other stars. A correlation study between achievable contrasts and parameters characterising high contrast imaging sequences highlights the importance of the Strehl ratio, wind speed at a height of 30 meters, and presence of wind-driven halo to define the quality of high contrast images. Finally, planet detection and occurrence rate maps are generated and show, for the SHARDDS survey, a high sensitivity between 10 and 100 au for substellar companions with masses >10MJ.
Gaia Data Release 3
Authors: Lebzelter T. , Mowlavi N. , Lecoeur-Taibi I. , Trabucchi M. , Audard M. , García-Lario P. , Gavras P. , Holl B. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Nienartowicz K. , Rimoldini L. , Eyer L.
Published: August 2022

Context. The third Gaia Data Release covers 34 months of data and includes the second Gaia catalogue of long-period variables (LPVs), with G variability amplitudes larger than 0.1 mag (5–95% quantile range).

Aims. The paper describes the production and content of the second Gaia catalogue of LPVs and the methods we used to compute the published variability parameters and identify C-star candidates.

Methods. We applied various filtering criteria to minimise contamination from variable star types other than LPVs. The period and amplitude of the detected variability were derived from model fits to the G-band light curve wherever possible. C stars were identified using their molecular signature in the low-resolution RP spectra.

Results. The catalogue contains 1 720 558 LPV candidates, including 392 240 stars with published periods (ranging from 35 to ∼1000 days) and 546 468 stars classified as C-star candidates. Comparison with literature data (OGLE and ASAS-SN) leads to an estimated completeness of 80%. The recovery rate is about 90% for the most regular stars (typically miras) and 60% for SRVs and irregular stars. At the same time, the number of known LPVs is increased by a factor of 6 with respect to literature data for amplitudes larger than 0.1 mag in G, and the contamination is estimated to be below 2%. Our C-star classification, based on solid theoretical arguments, is consistent with spectroscopically identified C stars in the literature. Caution must be taken in crowded regions, however, where the signal-ro-noise ratio of the RP spectra can become very low, or if the source is reddened by some kind of extinction. The quality and potential of the catalogue are illustrated by presenting and discussing LPVs in the solar neighbourhood, in globular clusters, and in galaxies of the Local Group.

Conclusions. This is the largest all-sky LPVs catalogue to date. The photometric depth reaches G = 20 mag. This is a unique dataset for research into the late stages of stellar evolution.
One-step synthesis and characterisation of crystalline nano-calcite from phosphogysum by precipitation method
Authors: Bensemlali Meryem , Joudi Meryeme , Nasrellah Hamid , Yassine Imad , Aarfane Abdellatif , Hatimi Badreddine , Hafdi Houyem , Mouldar Jihane , Bakasse Mina
Published: August 2022

In the present study, nano-calcium carbonate (NCC) was prepared from phosphogypsum (PG) as waste material from phosphate industry using Na2CO3 and Al(HCO3)3 as carbonates precursors. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared nano-calcite CaCO3 were studied using various methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), chemical analysis, plasma spectrometry with inductive coupling (ICP), as well as the Bernard calcimeter. The size of the pure nanocalcite particles produced differs according to the nature of the carbonate precursor; they are 51 nm and 68 with the use of sodium carbonate and aluminum hydrogen carbonate, respectively.
Preparation and oxidation behavior of novel CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings on Ni using sol–gel derived/pack cementation process
Authors: Chen Baisen , Meng Junsheng , Chen Zhihui , Hao Chenfan , Li Chengshuo , Shi Xiaoping , Zhou Yuebo
Published: August 2022

CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings were prepared on Ni substrate using a sol–gel derived/pack cementation process. For comparison, simple aluminide coatings were also produced on Ni substrate using the same pack cementation process. The microstructure and high temperature oxidation behavior of three aluminide coatings at 900 °C for 50 h in air were comparably analyzed using SEM/EDS and XRD. The results indicated that both CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings exhibited better oxidation resistance than the CeO2/Y2O3-free one, because of various effects of CeO2/Y2O3 on the oxidation including the grain refinement effect of the aluminide, the “reactive element effect”(REE) and the epitaxial template effect of Y2O3 to promote the growth of α-Al2O3.
Ce que la Covid-19 nous apprend sur la modélisation des épidémies
Authors: Mathiot Jean-François , Gerbaud Laurent , Breton Vincent
Published: August 2022

L’épidémie de Covid-19 se transmet par les voies respiratoires. Ce mode de transmission dépend essentiellement des relations sociales entre individus, par opposition aux épidémies dont l’élément pathogène est transmis à longue distance, comme par exemple par l’eau.

Après un bref résumé des différents types de modèles utilisés jusqu’à présent pour comprendre cette épidémie, nous présentons un nouveau modèle basé sur la théorie de la percolation. Il permet d’intégrer de façon naturelle les trois caractéristiques des relations sociales, pertinentes pour la propagation de l’épidémie : leur densité, leur intensité et leur variété. Quelques résultats sur la modélisation de l’évolution de l’épidémie de Covid-19 en France depuis ses débuts sont présentés.
Louis Pasteur dans l’œil du microscope
Authors: Policar Clotilde
Published: August 2022

Louis Pasteur, très connu pour ses travaux en biologie, a été formé comme chimiste à l’École normale supérieure. Parmi ses premiers travaux, on compte l’étude des acides tartriques qui l’amène à l’idée de dissymétrie moléculaire qu’il relie à la vie.
Lipoproteinsenkende Therapie bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ganz Manfred
Published: August 2022

Die Senkung erhöhter LDL-Werte zur Ereignisreduktion von makrovaskulären Endpunkten wie Schlaganfall, Herzinfarkt und Herzinsuffizienz ist durch mannigfaltige Evidenz seit Jahrzehnten gesichert. Im Folgenden werden die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen der Plaquebildung mit der zugrundeliegenden subendothelialen Inflammation aufgezeigt. Alle gängigen und auch neuen therapeutischen Optionen werden aufgeführt und hinsichtlich Effekt und Stärke beurteilt. Es folgt ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung neuer therapeutischer Ansätze. Ein exemplarisches Patientenbeispiel zeigt nachhaltige und konsequente LDL-Senkung durch Modifikation der Medikation bis zum Erreichen der Zielwerte, wie von den internationalen Leitlinien formuliert.
Diabetes und kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse
Authors: Darius Harald
Published: August 2022

Bei Diabetes kommt es in Abhängigkeit von Dauer und Einstellung zu zahlreichen hämostaseologischen Veränderungen, die in einen prothrombotischen Status resultieren und zur hohen kardiovaskulären Ereignisrate beitragen. Zur Reduktion der Ereignisrate wird eine prophylaktische Gabe von Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) diskutiert. Entscheidend ist dabei ein positiver Nettoeffekt, dies bedeutet, dass mehr kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse verhindert als Blutungen verursacht werden. Nach einem kardialen Ereignis ist das ischämische Risiko deutlich höher, sodass die Kombination aus 2 Thrombozyteninhibitoren (DAPT) für eine begrenzte Dauer verschrieben wird. Bei besonders hohem Risiko und niedrigem Blutungsrisiko kann die DAPT fortgesetzt oder eine Dual-Pathway Therapie mit ASS und niedrig dosiertem Rivaroxaban eingesetzt werden. Bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen von Vorhofflimmern steht die Fortsetzung der oralen Antikoagulation mit einem NOAK (Neue orale Antikoagulanzien) im Vordergrund und die Thrombozyteninhibitortherapie wird in deutlich reduzierter Dauer und Intensität empfohlen.
Design and Synthesis of a Flavin–Samarium Complex as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Sulfoxidation Reactions
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Mouli M. S. S. Vinod , Katyal Sahil
Published: August 2022

We report the effect of samarium complexation of a modified flavin entity in displaying efficient photocatalytic activity toward sulfoxidation reactions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed for the structural characterization of the photocatalyst. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies were undertaken to better understand the nature of the complex when compared with the nonmetalated flavin moiety. The catalytic efficiency was maximal in 2:8 water–2,2,2-trifluoroethanol using 1 mol% of the catalyst in the presence of blue LED light under an oxygen atmosphere. Insignificant product formation was observed with the nonmetalated flavin moiety. A wide range of sulfides were used to explore the substrate scope.
A Concise Total Synthesis of Steroid Scaffolds via a Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization Cyclization
Authors: Guo Lei , Tang Wenjun , Huang Zhangwei , Pan Xianhua
Published: August 2022

A concise total synthesis to generate synthetically challenging steroids scaffolds is reported utilizing palladium-catalyzed dearomatization cyclization for the key cyclization step, enabling the divergent synthesis of 6,6,6,5-tetracyclic steroids cores through both ligand and reaction condition control. We have started from the simple starting materials 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid and 2-methylcyclopentane-1,3-dione to selectively generate complex steroid scaffolds in a 12-step operation.
Laser–solid interaction studies enabled by the new capabilities of the iP2 BELLA PW beamline
Authors: Hakimi Sahel , Obst-Huebl Lieselotte , Huebl Axel , Nakamura Kei , Bulanov Stepan S. , Steinke Sven , Leemans Wim P. , Kober Zachary , Ostermayr Tobias M. , Schenkel Thomas , Gonsalves Anthony J. , Vay Jean-Luc , van Tilborg Jeroen , Toth Csaba , Schroeder Carl B. , Esarey Eric , Geddes Cameron G. R.
Published: August 2022

The new capabilities of the short focal length, high intensity beamline, named iP2, at the BELLA Center will extend the reach of research in high energy density science, including accessing new regimes of high gradient ion acceleration and their applications. This 1 Hz system will provide an on-target peak intensity beyond 1021 W/cm2 with a temporal contrast ratio of <10−14 that will be enabled by the addition of an on-demand double plasma mirror setup. An overview of the beamline design and the main available diagnostics are presented in this paper as well as a selection of accessible research areas. As a demonstration of the iP2 beamline's capabilities, we present 3D particle-in-cell simulations of ion acceleration in the magnetic vortex acceleration regime. The simulations were performed with pure hydrogen targets and multi-species targets. Proton beams with energy up to 125 MeV and an approximately 12° full angle emission are observed as preplasma scale length and target tilt are varied. The number of accelerated protons is on the order of 109/MeV/sr for energies above 60 MeV.
Ultra-broadband metamaterial silencer with outstanding heat-transferring performance
Authors: Yuan Xiaonan , Li Qinhong , Xiang Xiao , Jiao Jiawei , Huang Yingzhou , Wu Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2022

It is desired to achieve broadband noise reduction while supporting heat and fluids transmission simultaneously. However, attenuating sound energy with simultaneously achieving excellent heat-transferring performance in a fluid environment has yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-broadband absorber with outstanding thermal convection under a fluid environment, whose thickness is only λ/15 (λ is the airborne wavelength). By linearly extending the embedded apertures, the silencer can achieve sound absorption in the range of 455–585 Hz and can block more than 90% of sound energy in the ultra-broadband range of 455–1600 Hz. In addition, the outstanding thermal convection performance of the metamaterial absorber is experimentally demonstrated.
All-optical thermometry using a single multimode fiber endoscope and diamond nanoparticles containing nitrogen vacancy centers
Authors: Ishikawa Lisa , Shikama Taiichi , Kakuno Takayuki , Watanabe Takato , Jouda Mazin , Hasuo Masahiro
Published: August 2022

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra from diamond nanoparticles containing negative nitrogen vacancy centers were measured by using a single multimode fiber endoscope combined with a high-sensitivity spectroscopy system. A laser light spot was produced at the distal end of the endoscope and the PL spectra from a temperature-controlled ensemble of diamond nanoparticles were measured. After calibrating the sensitivity and wavelength of the spectroscopy system, the temperature dependence of the zero-phonon line peak wavelength similar to those previously reported was obtained.
Characterization of vertical and longitudinal gusts generated by twin pitching airfoils
Authors: Wang Tong , Feng Li-Hao
Published: August 2022

An experimental investigation is performed to characterize vertical and longitudinal gusts generated by a gust generator device in a low-speed water tunnel. The device is composed of two pitching airfoils with adjustable motion modes, namely, in-phase and out-of-phase. Phase-locked two-dimensional particle image velocimetry is used to measure the velocity field downstream of the airfoils. When the two airfoils pitch in phase, periodic vertical gusts dominate the flow field, while periodic longitudinal gusts dominate when the two airfoils pitch out of phase. A waveform similarity coefficient is proposed to quantify the spatial uniformity of the gust fields, which measures how similar gust profiles are at different spatial locations. For the two types of gusts, various airfoil spacings, pitching amplitudes, and reduced frequencies are considered to examine the effects of parameters on the downstream gust characteristics. The results show that a smaller airfoil spacing produces a larger gust amplitude; however, the region with a better uniformity is reduced. As the pitching amplitude increases, the gust amplitude increases linearly, and the uniformity of the measurement region improves. The slope between the gust amplitude and pitching amplitude increases with a reduced frequency, but further larger reduced frequencies could result in poor gust uniformity. Excluding the cases with poor uniformity, this device delivers a vertical gust amplitude up to 6.7% of the free-stream velocity with reduced frequencies of k = 0.2–0.6 and a longitudinal gust amplitude of 10% of the free-stream velocity with reduced frequencies of k = 0.2–0.8.
Learned avoidance of trap locations in freshwater turtles
Authors: Hollender Ethan C. , Ligon Day B. , McKnight Donald T.
Published: August 2022

Context Understanding the effects that learned responses to being captured have on subsequent recapture rates and associated abundance estimates is important for developing accurate descriptions of populations and communities. Although variation in the willingness of individual turtles to be trapped is commonly mentioned in the literature, few studies have experimentally tested learned trap avoidance (or fondness) in turtles. Aims To determine whether turtles learn to avoid traps, whether repositioning traps will lead to increased capture rates, whether this effect varies among species, and whether such relocations yield more accurate depictions of community structure. Methods We studied a community of turtles in a small lake in south-eastern Kansas that included populations of red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) and common musk turtles (Sternotherus odoratus). We trapped the lake for 35 consecutive days by using two concurrently deployed groups of traps. One group remained stationary for the duration of the study, whereas traps comprising the other group were moved to new locations on Day 14 and returned to their original locations on Day 28, thus dividing the trapping season into three periods. Key results For both species, capture rates declined over time. However, traps in the moved group captured more T. s. elegans than did those in the stationary group during the second period and more S. odoratus during the third period. Traps in the moved group also had higher recapture rates in the second period. Population abundance estimates based on captures from the moved group, the stationary group, and the pool of all captures were similar for T. s. elegans, but for S. odoratus the stationary group of traps produced an abundance estimate much lower than those generated from the moved group and the pool of all captures. Conclusions Both species exhibited learned avoidance of trap locations, but relocating traps had distinct effects on different species, and the accuracy of the observed community structure was improved by relocating traps. Implications The movement patterns and catchability of individuals of different species within a community must be taken into consideration when developing trapping protocols. Even high-intensity trapping over a long period may not generate an accurate sample of the community if different species use the spatial environment in substantially different ways and learn to avoid trap locations.
New methods for analysing diachronic suffix competition across registers
Authors: Rodríguez-Puente Paula , Säily Tanja , Suomela Jukka
Published: August 2022

This paper tracks stylistic variation in the use of two roughly synonymous suffixes, the Romance -ityand the native -ness, during the Early Modern English period. We seek to verify from a statistical viewpoint the claims ofRodríguez-Puente (2020), who reports on a decrease of -nessin favour of -ityin registers representative of the speech-written and formal-informal continua at that time. To this end, we develop new methods of statistical and visual analysis that enable diachronic comparisons of competing processes across subcorpora, building upon an earlier method bySäily and Suomela (2009). Our results confirm that -itygained ground first in written registers and then spread towards speech-related registers, and we are able to time this change more accurately thanks to a novel periodisation. We also provide strong statistical support indicating that the proportion of -itywas significantly higher in legal registers than in other registers.
Deflection and gravitational lensing of null and timelike signals in the Kiselev black hole spacetime in the weak field limit
Authors: Liu Haotian , Liang Jinning , Jia Junji
Published: August 2022

In this work we study the deflection and gravitational lensing of null and timelike signals in the Kiselev spacetime in the weak field limit, to investigate the effects of the equation of state parameter ω and the matter amount parameter α. In doing this, we extend a perturbative method previously developed for asymptotically flat spacetimes whose metric functions have integer-power asymptotic expansions to the case that may or may not be asymptotically flat but with non-integer power expansions. It is found that in the asymptotically flat case (−1/3 < ω < 0) the deflection angles are expressable as quasi-power series of the dimensionless quantities M/b, b/r
s,d and α/M
1+3ω
where M, b, r
s,d are respectively the lens mass, impact parameter and source/detector radius. A similar series exists for the non-asymptotically flat case of (−1 < ω < −1/3), but with the closest radius r
0 replacing b. In the asymptotically flat (or non-flat) case, the increase of α or decrease of ω will increase (or increase) the deflection angle. Since the obtained deflection angles naturally take into account the finite distance effect of the source and the detector, we can establish an exact gravitational lensing equation, from which the apparent angles of the images and their magnifications are solved. It is found that generally for the asymptotically flat case, increasing α or decreasing ω will increase the apparent angles of the images. While for the non-asymptotically flat case, increasing α or ω will both lead to smaller apparent angles.
High performance telescope system design for the TianQin project
Authors: Fan Zichao , Zhao Lujia , Cao Shengyi , Peng Jianguo , Ji Huiru , Zhu Zhengbo , Wei Shili , Mo Yan , Chen Hanyuan , Ma Donglin
Published: August 2022

China is planning to construct a new space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) observatory, the TianQin project, in which the spaceborne telescope is an important component in laser interferometry. The telescope is aimed to transmit laser beams between the spacecrafts for the measurement of the displacements between proof-masses in long arms. The telescope should have ultra-small wavefront deviation to minimize noise caused by pointing error, ultra-stable structure to minimize optical path noise caused by temperature jitter, ultra-high stray light suppression ability to eliminate background noise. In this paper, we realize a telescope system design with ultra-stable structure as well as ultra-low wavefront distortion for the space-based GW detection mission. The design requirements demand extreme control of high image quality and extraordinary stray light suppression ability. Based on the primary aberration theory, the initial structure design of the mentioned four-mirror optical system is explored. After optimization, the maximum RMS wavefront error is less than λ/300 over the full field of view, which meets the noise budget on the telescope design. The stray light noise caused by the back reflection of the telescope is also analyzed. The noise at the position of optical bench is less than 10−10 of the transmitted power, satisfying the requirements of space GW detection. We believe that our design can be a good candidate for TianQin project, and can also be a good guide for the space telescope design in any other similar science project.
Cavity QED photons for quantum information processing
Authors: Alqahtani Moteb M , Everitt Mark S , Garraway Barry M
Published: August 2022

Based on a cavity QED framework, we theoretically describe a universal set of logic gates which are implemented by passing a multi-level atom initially in its ground state through a multi-mode cavity. The qubits are encoded on the cavity modes and the atom plays the role of an ancilla which will not be entangled with the final result of a gate operation. We apply the multiphoton resonance theory of Shore to develop effective two- and three-level Hamiltonians, so that the proper values for detunings, coupling coefficients, and interaction times for gate operations can be determined. This enables us to examine a faster iSWAP gate than our previous study and to examine numerically the effects of decoherence on both the iSWAP gate and our previously presented Fredkin gate which used the same multi-mode approach. We also present results that show how conditional measurements of the ancilla atom can improve gate fidelities in these cases.
The superposed electric field effect on the charge transport and polaron formation in molecular crystals
Authors: Morais D , de Brito P E , Nazareno H N , Dias W S
Published: August 2022

We study the polaron formation and its mobility in a one-dimensional molecular crystal subjected to superposed static and harmonic electric fields. Such molecular chain exhibits intermolecular vibrational degrees of freedom, which makes the carrier-lattice interaction an important parameter of the system. By exploring field settings in which the preferential transport occurs, we show the existence of different small polaron formations, including those that travel close to the sound velocity or that are stationary by self-trapping. Electric fields magnitudes and carrier-lattice coupling have also been analyzed, which allowed to show a phase diagram that describes the existing regimes. In addition to thresholds between the mobile and stationary polaron regimes, this phase diagram unveils an unusual aspect: a metastable polaron formation.
Phase-field simulation for the formation of porous microstructures due to phase separation in polymer solutions on substrates with different wettabilities
Authors: Farzaneh Kalourazi Saeideh , Wang Fei , Zhang Haodong , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta
Published: August 2022

The porous microstructure has been widely observed in a variety of polymer solutions that have been broadly applied in many industry fields. Phase separation is one of the common mechanisms for the formation of the porous microstructure in binary polymeric mixtures. Previous studies for the formation of porous microstructures mostly focus on the separation of the bulk phase. However, there is a paucity of investigation for the phase separation of polymer mixtures contacting the solid substrate. When the polymeric liquid mixtures interact with the solid substrate, the wetting boundary condition has to be taken into account. In this work, we present a phase-field model which is coupled with the wetting boundary condition to study the phase separation in binary polymer solutions. Our consideration is based on the polymerization-induced phase separation, and thermally induced phase separation by using the Flory–Huggins model. By taking the wetting effect into account, we find that polymer droplets spontaneously occur in the microstructure, even though the bulk composition is outside the spinodal region. This phenomenon is caused by the surface composition resulting from the wetting effect that was often overlooked in literature. For the phase separation in the binary polymer mixture, we also study the impact of the temperature gradient on the microstructural evolution. The porosity, the number of droplets, and the mean radius of the droplets are rationalized with the temperature gradient.
Determination of hydrogen concentration in solids by transmission ERDA under nuclear-elastically enhanced recoiling of H by 8 and 9 MeV He
Authors: Kudo Hiroshi , Kurosawa Masanori , Naramoto Hiroshi , Sataka Masao , Ishii Satoshi , Sasa Kimikazu , Tomita Shigeo
Published: August 2022

Hydrogen concentrations in thin self-supporting samples of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and muscovite have been determined by nuclear-elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) of transmission layout. The analysis procedure is based only on the database of stopping power and recoil cross section for material analysis, without using any reference sample of known H content. For the PPS sample, the determined value of

(
2.87
±
0.26
)
×

10

22

H cm−3 is in good agreement with the calculated value of

3.01
×

10

22

H cm−3. For the muscovite sample, the H concentration originating each from bound water and absorbed water is uniform over the entire thickness of the sample. The determined concentration

(
9.43
±
0.75
)
×

10

21

H cm−3 of the muscovite agrees excellently with the value of

9.36
×

10

21

H cm−3 obtained from other quantitative analyses typically applied for minerals. The present results demonstrate the capability of accurate determination of H contents in materials and minerals by transmission ERDA.
Structural evolution and relative stability of vanadium-doped boron clusters
Authors: Xiang Zhiyang , Luo Zhongjie , Bi Jie , Jin Siyu , Zhang Ziqiang , Lu Cheng
Published: August 2022

Cluster is the intermediate of individual atom and larger agglomeration. The structural evolutions of clusters are critically important to explore the physical properties of bulk solids. Here, we carry out systematic structure predictions of medium-sized vanadium-doped boron clusters by using crystal structure analysis by particle swarm optimization method combined with density function theory calculations. A great deal of low-lying isomers with attractive geometries are discovered, such as the crown-like VB18
− cluster and the drum-like VB20
− cluster. Interestingly, the VB12
− cluster possesses excellently relative stability due to its higher second-order difference and larger highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap. The molecular orbitals (MOs) and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) analysis indicate that the 3d orbitals of V atom and the 2p and 2s orbitals of B atoms are the primary constituents of the MOs, and the interactions between V and B atoms are the main factor for the robust stabilization of the anionic VB12
− cluster. The present findings advance the understanding of the structural evolution of transition metal doped boron clusters and offer crucial insights for future experiments.
Phase transitions and suppression of magnetoresistance in WTe

2−x

Se
x
system
Authors: Kanchanavatee N , Ektarawong A , Pakornchote T , Alling B , Hodak S , Bovornratanaraks T
Published: August 2022

X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical resistivity measurements on polycrystalline WTe

2
−
x

Se
x
(

0
 
⩽
 
x
 
⩽
 
0.8

) reveal a T

d
-

1

T

′

structural phase transition and suppression of magnetoresistance at x = 0.2. These phenomena are consistent with the pressure phase diagram of WTe2. However, chemical pressure due to substitution of smaller Se ion cannot generate pressure required for the phase transition. Strain induced by sample inhomogeneity is believed to be a trigger to the behaviors. In agreement with previous predictions and reports, a mixed phase of

1

T

′

and 2H structures was also detected in Se-rich samples. Coincidentally at x = 0.2, electrical resistivity analysis suggests a phase transition from a metallic phase to a nonmetallic phase that is possibly a topological-insulating phase.