bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi−Objective Collaborative Optimization Design of Key Structural Parameters for Coal Breaking and Punching Nozzle
Authors: Chen Lihuan , Cheng Muzheng , Cai Yi , Guo Liwen , Gao Dianrong
Published: May 2022

The technology of coal breaking and punching by a high-pressure water jet can increase the permeability of coal seam and prevent gas explosion accidents. As one of the key components of this technology, the structural parameters of the nozzle have an important effect on the performance of the water jet. At present, the relationship between multiple optimization indexes and structural parameters of the nozzle is mostly studied separately. In fact, the influence of the nozzle structural parameters on different optimization indexes is different. When there are multiple optimization indexes, they should be considered collaboratively to achieve the best water jet performance of the nozzle. Therefore, a multi−objective collaborative optimization method is proposed which takes the maximum velocity in X-axis and effective extension distance in Y-axis as the performance evaluation indexes of the water jet. The numerical simulation of the nozzle jet is carried out by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method, and an orthogonal test database is established. The weight of multi-objective is analyzed, and the key structural parameters of the nozzle are optimized by the combination of BP (back propagation) neural network and genetic algorithms. The results show that the primary and secondary sequence of each structural parameter on is γ>θ>l∕d, which could reflect the comprehensive influence on the maximum velocity in the X-axis and effective extension distance in the Y-axis. The optimal structural parameters of the nozzle are, θ = 42.512°, l/d = 2.5608, γ = 12.431°. The field erosion experiment shows that compared with the original nozzle, the water jet performance of the optimized nozzle has been improved, the punching depth has been increased by 72.71%, and the punching diameter has been increased by 106.72%. This study provides a certain reference for the design and optimization of coal breaking and punching nozzle.
Molecular Analysis of Soil Bacterial Community Structures for Environmental Risk Assessment with Varieties of Genetically Modified Soybean and Hot Pepper
Authors: Lee Hyosun , Yoon Jeongpyo , Kim Dong-Uk
Published: May 2022

With the advance in gene technology, genetically modified (GM) crops have increased in recent years. GM crops offer us various benefits. However, there are potential risks of GM crops for the environment. In this study, the impacts of transgenic plants on soil microbial community structures were assessed. Two varieties of soybean (Glycine max L.) and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), which introduced the herbicide-resistant gene, bar, were used in this study. The effects of GM crops on soil microbial community structures were investigated using a cultural method, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) procedure, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina platform. Additionally, the persistence of transgenes was monitored using a quantitative real-time PCR procedure. The cultural method, DGGE analysis, and the amplicon-based community profile indicated that soil microbial communities were not significantly different between GM and non-GM lines. The level of the bar gene in GM soybean plots greatly increased when the crops were actively growing, but thereafter gradually decreased to the initial level. Meanwhile, the level of the bar gene in GM hot pepper plots repeatedly increased and decreased according to the flowering stages. These results indicated that soil microbial community structures were not significantly affected.
Micro-Encapsulation and Characterization of Anthocyanin-Rich Raspberry Juice Powder for Potential Applications in the Food Industry
Authors: Nthimole Confidence Tsholofelo , Kaseke Tafadzwa , Fawole Olaniyi Amos
Published: May 2022

Raspberry juice obtained from fresh raspberry fruits was encapsulated separately using gum Arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MT), and waxy starch (WS) (1:10, w/v) and freeze-dried to develop raspberry juice powders (RBJP). The powders were characterised based on their physicochemical and phytochemical composition and their rheological and antioxidative properties, which significantly varied among the carriers. GA- and MT-encapsulated RBJP exhibited a better colour, higher yield, oil holding capacity, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant properties. WS-encapsulated powder showed a better water holding capacity and total phenolic content; however, the powder was characterised by low solubility, total soluble solids, and redness. Hygroscopicity and titratable acidity did not significantly (p > 0.05) vary among the powders. Cyanidin diglucoside, the main anthocyanin compound identified in the RBJP, was significantly higher in MT (2549.89 µg/g) compared to GA (1935.45 µg/g) and WS (1458.81 µg/g). The RBJP produced using MT and GA showed irregular-shaped and non-spherical particles, which were less agglomerated and relatively larger, while the WS powder exhibited more uniform, spherical particles, which agglomerated together. An X-ray diffraction analysis showed that GA and MT powders had an amorphous structure with minimum crystallinity, while RBJP from WS was crystalline. It can be concluded that GA and MT produced RBJP with quality attributes relevant to the food industry.
Application of the EGSB-CMBR Process to High-Concentration Organic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xuli , Wang Dunqiu , Jin Yue
Published: May 2022

To decrease the cost of wastewater treatment at the plant, the Wuzhou Shenguan Protein Enteric Coating Production Plant designed and built an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)-ceramic membrane bioreactor reactor (CMBR) process for treating high-concentration organic wastewater with a capacity of 25 m3/d. The EGSB is divided into anaerobic and microaerobic sections. The purpose of the anaerobic section is to substantially degrade COD, and the main functions of the microaerobic section are to coordinate the relationship between hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria, methanogenic bacteria (MBP), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and to mitigate the inhibitory effects between them to simultaneously remove COD and sulfate. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were added to the CMBR reactor to remove both COD and ammonia nitrogen. The results of the operation showed that more than 99% of the COD was removed by the EGSB-CMBR process, while the removal rates of NH4+-N and SS were greater than 70% and 90%, respectively. In addition, the effluent met the requirements of the secondary standard of the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (8978-1996). Economic and technical analyses showed that the modified EGSB-CMBR reactor has a high treatment efficiency, which greatly saves on the cost of the “commissioned treatment” of high-concentration organic waste liquid in the plant. Specifically, it can save more than 800,000 CNY for the plant annually.
Emerging Pollutants in Wastewater, Advanced Oxidation Processes as an Alternative Treatment and Perspectives
Authors: Bracamontes-Ruelas Alexis Rubén , Ordaz-Díaz Luis Alberto , Bailón-Salas Ana María , Ríos-Saucedo Julio César , Reyes-Vidal Yolanda , Reynoso-Cuevas Liliana
Published: May 2022

Emerging pollutants are present in wastewaters treated by conventional processes. Due to water cycle interactions, these contaminants have been reported in groundwater, surface water, and drinking waters. Since conventional processes cannot guarantee their removal or biotransformation, it is necessary to study processes that comply with complete elimination. The current literature review was conducted to describe and provide an overview of the available information about the most significant groups of emerging pollutants that could potentially be found in the wastewater and the environment. In addition, it describes the main entry and distribution pathways of emerging contaminants into the environment through the water and wastewater cycle, as well as some of the potential effects they may cause to flora, fauna, and humans. Relevant information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its potential spread through wastewater is included. Furthermore, it also outlines some of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) used for the total or partial emerging pollutants removal, emphasizing the reaction mechanisms and process parameters that need to be considered. As well, some biological processes that, although slow, are effective for the biotransformation of some emerging contaminants and can be used in combination with advanced oxidation processes.
Valuable Biodiesel Catalyst from Solvay Wastewater
Authors: Roushdy Mai Hassan , Bayoumi Rana Adel
Published: May 2022

Biodiesel is considered a renewable, green fuel as it is derived from renewable living resources like animal fats or vegetable oils. This research is utilized to investigate the possibility of using Solvay wastewater as a source of biodiesel catalyst, which is CaO. CaCl2 from Solvay wastewater reacts with CO2 to produce CaCO3. CaCO3 is then heated to produce pure CaO. Waste cooking oil, wastewater, and CO2, which are considered dangerous materials to the environment, are used to produce valuable products. This research has environmental and economic benefit benefits of using waste materials as a replacement for raw materials. The selected experimental parameters for the CaCO3 production step are stirring rate (500–1300) rpm, CO2 gas flow rate (900–2000) mL/min, amount of ammonia (15–35) mL, and glycerol volume (0–25) mL. The selected experimental parameters for the biodiesel production step are reaction time (2–6) h, methanol to oil ratio (9–15), catalyst loading (1–5) %, and reaction temperature (50–70) °C. The impact of reaction parameters on reaction responses was assessed using the response surface methodology technique. A formula that represents the reaction response as a function of all the independent factors has been created. The optimization of the process is done in two steps: the first one is for the CaCO3 process while the second one is biodiesel production optimization. The first optimization was done to get the CaCO3 with minimum particle size and yield. The second optimization was done to get the maximum amount of biodiesel using minimum energy and low reaction conditions. Process optimization resulted in another economic benefit for this research. The resulted biodiesel yield equals 95.8% biodiesel yield at 2 h reaction time, 15:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 56 °C reaction temperature, and 1% catalyst loading.
Adaptive Control of Advanced G-L Fuzzy Systems with Several Uncertain Terms in Membership-Matrices
Authors: Li Shih-Yu , Tsai Shun-Hung , Chen Chin-Sheng , Tam Lap-Mou
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a set of novel adaptive control strategies based on an advanced G-L (proposed by Ge-Li-Tam, called GLT) fuzzy system is proposed. Three main design points can be summarized as follows: (1) the unknown parameters in a nonlinear dynamic system are regarded as extra nonlinear terms and are further packaged into so-called nonlinear terms groups for each equation through the modeling process, which reduces the complexity of the GLT fuzzy system; (2) the error dynamics are further rearranged into two parts, adjustable membership function and uncertain membership function, to aid the design of the controllers; (3) a set of adaptive controllers change with the estimated parameters and the update laws of parameters are provided following the current form of error dynamics. Two identical nonlinear dynamic systems based on a Quantum-CNN system (Q-CNN system) with two added terms are employed for simulations to demonstrate the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy adaptive control scheme, where the tracking error can be eliminated efficiently.
Epistemological Aspects of Dialogue: Some Kierkegaardian Perspectives
Authors: Li Elizabeth X.
Published: May 2022

This article explores the epistemological aspects of dialogue through an engagement with the Danish existence thinker, Søren Kierkegaard. I argue that dialogue plays an integral role in the epistemic process tentatively sketched by Kierkegaard. To show this, I start by examining Kierkegaard’s criticism of non-dialogical approaches to knowing. Offering a corrective, Kierkegaard instead operates with a contact theory of knowledge analogising knowing and breathing to underline the importance of receptivity and relationality in the epistemic process. By placing Kierkegaard in conversation with his pseudonym Johannes Climacus, dialogue can be seen to play a crucial role in two ways. Firstly, Kierkegaard and Climacus creatively re-appropriate and reconstruct dialogical aporia textually to encourage receptivity and make the needed space for knowledge. Secondly, Kierkegaard’s and Climacus’s invocations of dialogue implicitly and explicitly centre the second-person perspective in different ways to emphasise the importance of “contact” and relation in knowing. I argue that although this perspective can ultimately be considered a second-order perspective, it points not only to receptivity, but also to relationality as both an object of knowledge and as part of the epistemic process itself.
A Proposed Methodology for Literature Review on Operational Risk Management in Banks
Authors: Jiravichai Ajjima , Banomyong Ruth
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology that enables researchers to identify relevant search terms when conducting a literature review. This methodology requires an analysis of existing literature review articles on the topic under study to form keywords. The objective of this methodology is to reduce bias from keyword selection, to provide assurance on comprehensiveness and transparency of the review process, and to open up opportunities for interdisciplinary studies. In this paper, we tested our proposed methodology by exploring the field of operational risk management (ORM) in banks. Major issues in this literature exist that include controversy on the effectiveness of ORM measurement models and ORM data problems. We described how our methodology facilitated the development of keywords for a potential interdisciplinary approach that has the capacity to appropriately capture the complexity of ORM, thereby enhancing the understanding and ability to resolve the problem of operational risk effectively.
Retrieving Mediterranean Sea Surface Salinity Distribution and Interannual Trends from Multi-Sensor Satellite and In Situ Data
Authors: Sammartino Michela , Aronica Salvatore , Santoleri Rosalia , Buongiorno Nardelli Bruno
Published: May 2022

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Salinity is modified by river discharge, land run-off, precipitation, and evaporation, and it is advected by oceanic currents. In turn, ocean circulation, the water cycle, and biogeochemistry are deeply impacted by salinity variations. The Mediterranean Sea represents a hot spot for the variability of salinity. Despite the ever-increasing number of moorings and floating buoys, in situ SSS estimates have low coverage, hindering the monitoring of SSS patterns. Conversely, satellite sensors provide SSS surface data at high spatial and temporal resolution, complementing the sparseness of in situ datasets. Here, we describe a multidimensional optimal interpolation algorithm, specifically configured to provide a new daily SSS dataset at 1/16° grid resolution, covering the entire Mediterranean Sea (Med L4 SSS). The main improvements in this regional algorithm are: the ingestion of satellite SSS estimates from multiple satellite missions (NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellites), and a new background (first guess), specifically built to improve coastal reconstructions. The multi-sensor Med L4 SSS fields have been validated against independent in situ SSS samples, collected between 2010–2020. They have also been compared with global weekly Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) regional products, showing an improved performance. Power spectral density analyses demonstrated that the Med L4 SSS field achieves the highest effective spatial resolution, among all the datasets analysed. Even if the time series is relatively short, a clear interannual trend is found, leading to a marked salinification, mostly occurring in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
High-Precision Joint Magnetization Vector Inversion Method of Airborne Magnetic and Gradient Data with Structure and Data Double Constraints
Authors: Ma Guoqing , Zhao Yanan , Xu Bowen , Li Lili , Wang Taihan
Published: May 2022

Airborne magnetic and gradient measurements are commonly used geophysical remote sensing tools to obtain the distribution features of ore mineral bodies. It is known that ore mineral bodies generally contain remanent magnetization, and magnetization vector inversion (MVI) can produce the magnetization intensity and direction of the source, which is more suitably used to interpret measured airborne magnetic and gradient data. To accurately reveal the underground magnetization vector distribution, we proposed a high-precision method with double constraints on the data and physical structure, and we used the cross-gradient inversion of airborne magnetic anomalies and the combination matrix of airborne magnetic and gradient (CMG) data to recover the physical parameters of the sources with different depths. We used the combination matrix to produce the different component data constraints and the cross-gradient function to finish the inversion to provide structural constraints. For anomaly sources at similar depths, joint inversion based on the cross-gradient of magnetic gradient data and CMG data is more suitably used. The superiority of the double constraints method is proven by theoretical model tests. We apply the proposed method to interpret airborne magnetic and gradient data in Shandong Province to detect iron mineral resources, and we select the cross-gradient inversion of airborne magnetic anomalies and CMG data depending on the nonlinear features of the power spectrum. The main ore bodies have a northeast distribution with a depth range of 1048–1800 m, successfully giving the distribution range of the high-magnetic bodies; a better mineral potential is in the northern part of the survey area.
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Markov Transition Field and Residual Network
Authors: Yan Jialin , Kan Jiangming , Luo Haifeng
Published: May 2022

Data-driven rolling-bearing fault diagnosis methods are mostly based on deep-learning models, and their multilayer nonlinear mapping capability can improve the accuracy of intelligent fault diagnosis. However, problems such as gradient disappearance occur as the number of network layers increases. Moreover, directly taking the raw vibration signals of rolling bearings as the network input results in incomplete feature extraction. In order to efficiently represent the state characteristics of vibration signals in image form and improve the feature learning capability of the network, this paper proposes fault diagnosis model MTF-ResNet based on a Markov transition field and deep residual network. First, the data of raw vibration signals are augmented by using a sliding window. Then, vibration signal samples are converted into two-dimensional images by MTF, which retains the time dependence and frequency structure of time-series signals, and a deep residual neural network is established to perform feature extraction, and identify the severity and location of the bearing faults through image classification. Lastly, experiments were conducted on a bearing dataset to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the MTF-ResNet model. Features learned by the model are visualized by t-SNE, and experimental results indicate that MTF-ResNet showed better average accuracy compared with several widely used diagnostic methods.
A Message Passing-Assisted Iterative Noise Cancellation Method for Clipped OTFS-BFDM Systems
Authors: Wu Tingyao , Bie Hongxia , Wen Jinfang
Published: May 2022

Compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, orthogonal time frequency space systems based on bi-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OTFS-BFDM) have lower out-of-band emission (OOBE) and better robustness to high-mobility scenarios, but suffer from a higher peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) in large data packets. In this paper, one-iteration clipping and filtering (OCF) is adopted to reduce the PAPR of OTFS-BFDM signals. However, the extra noise introduced by the clipping process, i.e., clipping noise, will distort the desired signal and increase the bit error rate (BER). We propose a message passing (MP)-assisted iterative cancellation (MP-AIC) method to cancel the clipping noise based on the traditional MP decoding at the receiver, which incorporates with the (OCF) at the transmitter to keep the sparsity of the effective channel matrix. The main idea of MP-AIC is to extract the residual signal fed to the MP detector by iteratively constructing reference clipping noise at the receiver. During each iteration, the variance of residual signal and channel noise are taken as input parameters of MP decoding to improve the BER. Moreover, the convergence probability of the modulation alphabet after MP decoding in the current iteration is used as the initial probability of MP decoding in the next iteration to accelerate the convergence rate of MP decoding. Simulation results show that the proposed MP-AIC method significantly improves MP-decoding accuracy while accelerating the BER convergence in the clipped OTFS-BFDM system. In the clipped OTFS-BFDM system with rectangular pulse shaping, the BER of MP-AIC with two iterations can be reduced by 72% more than that without clipping noise cancellation.
Ecological and hygienic aspects of cervical erosion in rural women of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors:   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University, Magomedova Umiyat Abdulbasirovna
Published: May 2022

Based on the available results of the conducted studies, it can be said that the current level of influence of negative environmental factors has exceeded the critical level of the adaptive capabilities of the body of women of fertile age. This determines the fundamental applied importance of identifying the influence of individual factors and the consequences of the use of pesticides on the incidence of cervical erosion, which is an endogenous risk factor for the development of malignant neoplasms of the cervix. In the course of the work, an assessment was made of the independent, total and combined effect of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals on indicators of the incidence of cervical erosion in women in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan, since they are the leading environmental factors. A two-way analysis of variance was carried out for the influence of the place of residence and the intensity of the use of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals. In total, information was obtained on the effect of over 600 combinations of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on the incidence of cervical erosion in women in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan. The influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological and hygienic factors in the Republic of Dagestan on the incidence of cervical erosion (ESM) in the adult female population, especially in rural areas of the republic, was established. The analyzed data on the impact of the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides demonstrate that in rural regions, where there is an intensive rate of development of agriculture with the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to take them into account as real risk factors for the development of cervical erosion in women. The results of the study give grounds to assume the presence of an indirect influence of the considered environmental factors on the incidence of cervical erosion.
On the issue of the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system in the adult population and prevention measures in Russia (review)
Authors:   FSBSI N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Karpova Oksana Borisovna , Zagoruychenko Anna Anatolievna ,   FSBSI N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health
Published: May 2022

The problem of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the Russian Federation is widespread, since diseases of the circulatory system occupy the first place in the overall structure of morbidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation in the Russian Federation with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures at the Federal and regional levels. In the course of this study, a retrospective analysis was carried out based on the use of official statistics of the Ministry of health. Trends in the overall morbidity and mortality of BSC in the adult population in the Russian Federation at the regional level are determined. Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS and Excel-2007 packages. Thus, analytical and statistical methods, studying and generalizing experience, and comparative analysis were used. The study analyzed the dynamics of the spread of diseases of the circulatory system in Russia, identified regional features of morbidity and mortality, and identified the main preventive measures carried out in the fight against cardiovascular diseases, and their problematic aspects. In the result of the analysis it can be concluded that the observed trends may be the result not only of low availability of medical care in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as a result of the influence in the modern world a huge number of factors, so to improve the situation of prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Russia it is necessary to take preventive measures for the reorientation of society on the formation of motivational attitudes to healthy lifestyles, strengthening the role zdoroveuchenye activities and develop additional programs at the municipal level, which will reduce morbidity and mortality from BSC through the introduction of an interdisciplinary approach.
On the current state of information, computer and telecommunication support of the educational process of higher education in the Russian Federation
Authors:   FSBEI HE Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I. I. Ivanov, Ustinovich Elena Stepanovna
Published: May 2022

Over the past few years, the processes of digitalization have covered all the main areas of the modern state and society. In modern Russian science, many publications have been devoted to the political, social, legal and economic issues of the introduction of up-to-date information and communication technologies and digitalization, and a number of thesis papers have been defended. However, the topic continues to increase its relevance due to the new challenges. Apparently, since March 2020, after the introduction of lockdown in Russia, the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the tools for the implementation of educational services in the field of higher education forever. The mass introduction of distance education into the practice of teaching in higher educational institutions in Russia in the spring of 2020 has shown its advantages and disadvantages, especially for humanitarian areas of training and correspondence/part-time education.
Ethos of evolutionary societal complexity
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kiyashchenko Larisa Pavlovna , Golofast Anastasiya Vitalievna ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

Consideration of the ethos component makes it possible to give a whole range picture of the essence of social arrangement at different stages of the evolution of communities. The living elements of Western and Eastern governance traditions presented in the cases display a great variety in the configuration of the coexistence of formal institutions and informal practices, which reveals an irreducible variability of the spectrum of social complexity. Attempts to artificially unify the governance environment are based on a project vision of reality, which, when in contact with the initial conditions of reform, can lead to counterproductive results and bounce back on the personal fate of decision-makers. In this regard, the problem of the ethos of the reformer's personal responsibility in conjunction with the continuity and cyclicality of the political process becomes highly relevant. Ethos in politics fits into the gap between the individual and the public — the gap in which choice is born. This formulation of the ethos issue creates the possibility of its two-vector consideration — from top to bottom and from bottom to the top. The first vector implies a deterministic need to make a decision in a situation that is represented in the literature as a «trolley problem» — a scalable choice based on a quantitative (good for the majority) or qualitative (value of an individual fate) criterion. A prerequisite for the cognitive «trolley model» is the configuration of the situation in such a way that inaction choice is not an ethically neutral alternative: it equates to a choice that is fully amenable to normative analysis, taking into account the consequences of such a decision for an individual and / or collective subject. The second vector of studying the ethos component in politics concerns the often contradictory sequence of steps in decision-making by an individual subject who has delegated the right to govern to a collective level subject. The problems of this analytical spectrum are presented in the «principal-agent» theory (M. Pollack) and are based on the role of information asymmetries. A principal delegating managerial authority to an agent assumes that the agent has more qualifications and expertise to make decisions in favor of the principal. After the conclusion of the «social contract of delegation», the agent does not always use these information asymmetries in order to benefit the principal. The described collisions, arising in the course of evolution in the ethos component of complex societies, significantly increase the difficulties in predicting the course of development of the immediate and distant consequences of current events, thus intensifying the dependence on the sole and collective subjects of political decisionmaking.
Organization of research activities of students as a mechanism for the formation of a future specialist
Authors:   OBPOU «KTS», Kursk, Gorbunov Sergey
Published: May 2022

Currently, the speed of development and the volume of use of diversified technologies require from modern education a competent, active, competitive specialist who is able to think freely and creatively, create, expand and improve skills and abilities through research, scientific work; able to navigate and adapt to production activities. It is necessary that the future specialist be able to cope with any difficulties that arise. In this regard, it is extremely important to reorganize modern education by introducing an additional load on students, improving the methods and methods of teaching, choosing educational disciplines and their content by coordinating the variable part with interested employers, through the introduction of technologies aimed at forming a complex of general and professional competencies…. An important aspect of the formation of a future specialist is participation in research activities. This article defines the role and significance of the research work of students, considers the main stages of the formation of the system of educational and research work in the conditions of mastering the main professional educational program of secondary vocational education, gives the goals of the formation of social and personal qualities for solving problems in the field of future professional activities implemented by introducing an experimental methodology for the formation of a future specialist, which consists in dividing general competencies into functional blocks, methods for their implementation and assessment are given.
Distance education — a step into the future
Authors:   OBPOU «KTS», Kursk, Bocharova A.A. , Mitrakova S.V. ,   OBPOU «KTS», Kursk, Muravyova E.A. ,   OBPOU «KTS», Kursk
Published: May 2022

The modern world of information technology does not stop improving for a minute. The emergence on the market of new types of gadgets, new programs, new IT market projects, technological improvement in the field of information technology finance contribute to the development of new technologies. The education sector was no exception. In the context of a pandemic, the educational process has undergone dramatic changes in terms of the methodology for conducting lessons, that is, distance education has replaced ordinary lessons. The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern education — distance learning. The main task of the article is to substantiate and substantiate distance learning as a new form of education. The article presents the main directions of development of distance learning, shows various electronic platforms. The problems solved by students and teachers at a distance are highlighted. It is shown that the effectiveness of distance learning is determined by the use of information technologies, which underlie the design and implementation of distance courses. It is concluded that the future education belongs to distance learning in the context of rapidly developing information technologies.
Problems of building up entrepreneurial resources in order to accelerate the economic development of the state and improve the quality of life
Authors:   Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after Professor I. I. Ivanova Russia, Taratorina Olga Sergeevna
Published: May 2022

Small and medium-sized businesses in a highly developed international market are determined by functional specialization and direct contribution to the social order and market economy. One of the factors behind the accelerated growth of national GDP is the spread of innovation among small businesses. It is this area that creates the predominant number of new jobs, solves problems with employment and unemployment. The development of small business contributes to solving the problem of creating a «middle class», which is a fundamental link in social stability and political well-being of society. Receiving benefits from the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses at the moment is not a priority area of activity for the state apparatus. Although the presence of the state's interest in various declarations can be traced, in practice, the issue of building up entrepreneurial resources in order to accelerate the economic development of the state and improve the quality of life of the social stratum takes an insignificant share of attention. This article examines the main problems of increasing the entrepreneurial resource in order to accelerate the economic development of the state and improve the quality of life.
Vocational education and training of employees: controversial provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, ATiSO, Moscow, Petrov A.Ya.
Published: May 2022

On the basis of an analysis of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 273 of 29 December 2012 — Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, taking into account judicial practice, topical legal issues of professional education and training of employees are considered.
Clinical, Pathological, and Genetic Characteristics in Patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Nagano China , Hara Shigeo , Yoshikawa Norishige , Takeda Asami , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Hamada Riku , Matsuoka Kentaro , Yamamoto Masaki , Fujinaga Shuichiro , Sakuraya Koji , Kamei Koichi , Hamasaki Yuko , Oguchi Hideyo , Araki Yoshinori , Ogawa Yayoi , Okamoto Takayuki , Ito Shuichi , Tanaka Seiji , Kaito Hiroshi , Aoto Yuya , Ishiko Shinya , Rossanti Rini , Sakakibara Nana , Horinouchi Tomoko , Yamamura Tomohiko , Nagase Hiroaki , Iijima Kazumoto , Nozu Kandai
Published: May 2022

Key Points

We investigated the association between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis histologic variants (Columbia classification) and monogenic variant detection rates.

The perihilar variants had the strongest association with detection of monogenic variants.

The tip variants had the weakest association with detection of monogenic variants.

Background

Approximately 30% of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) have causative monogenic variants. SRNS represents glomerular disease resulting from various etiologies, which lead to similar patterns of glomerular damage. Patients with SRNS mainly exhibit focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). There is limited information regarding associations between histologic variants of FSGS (diagnosed using on the Columbia classification) and monogenic variant detection rates or clinical characteristics. Here, we report FSGS characteristics in a large population of affected patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included 119 patients with FSGS, diagnosed using the Columbia classification; all had been referred to our hospital for genetic testing from 2016 to 2021. We conducted comprehensive gene screening of all patients using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel that included 62 podocyte-related genes. Data regarding patients’ clinical characteristics and pathologic findings were obtained from referring clinicians. We analyzed the associations of histologic variants with clinical characteristics, kidney survival, and gene variant detection rates.

Results

The distribution of histologic variants according to the Columbia classification was 45% (n=53) FSGS not otherwise specified, 21% (n=25) cellular, 15% (n=18) perihilar, 13% (n=16) collapsing, and 6% (n=7) tip. The median age at end stage kidney disease onset was 37 years; there were no differences in onset age among variants. We detected monogenic disease-causing variants involving 12 of the screened podocyte-related genes in 34% (40 of 119) of patients. The most common genes were WT1 (23%), INF2 (20%), TRPC6 (20%), and ACTN4 (10%). The perihilar and tip variants had the strongest and weakest associations with detection of monogenic variants (83% and 0%, respectively; P<0.001).

Conclusions

We revealed the distributions of histologic variants of genetic FSGS and nongenetic FSGS in a large patient population. Detailed data concerning gene variants and pathologic findings are important for understanding the etiology of FSGS.
Patrimonio, pueblos originarios y prácticas del secreto
Authors: Crespo Carolina , Brosky Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

No cabe duda acerca de la relevancia que está adquiriendo el patrimonio en las últimas décadas. Numerosos estudios caracterizan a este período como boom, inflación o abuso patrimonial y han proliferado la cantidad de cientistas sociales que debaten al respecto. En gran medida, aquello que legitimó y sigue haciéndolo a estas políticas es el mandato moral de la transmisión, la persistencia en el tiempo, el conjuro contra el olvido y la desaparición; aunado, en las últimas décadas, con el reconocimiento de la diversidad. Estos mandatos, positivamente valorados, opacan la politicidad y avasallamientos de estas políticas de patrimonialización, los afectos-efectos y tensiones que generan y el debate sobre los límites de lo patrimonializable.  En tal sentido, sin dejar de reflexionar sobre aquello que el patrimonio hace con las expresiones culturales de la vida cotidiana, saberes y cosmovisiones indígenas, proponemos concentrarnos en repensar el camino inverso, esto es, que es lo que hacen esas manifestaciones y cosmovisiones indígenas con el patrimonio. Con este propósito, a partir de algunos ejemplos etnográficos  derivados de nuestro trabajo de campo con el pueblo mbyá guaraní y mapuche, discutimos acerca del papel complejo y heterogéneo que juegan las prácticas de secrecía indígenas en los procesos de patrimonialización.
Organizaciones sindicales en liceos técnicos profesionales. Entre la renovación y la postergación. Chile, 1983-1993
Authors: Matamoros Fernández Christián , Álvarez Vallejos Rolando
Published: May 2022

Entre 1977 y 1988 la dictadura cívico militar chilena traspasó la administración de 74 liceos técnicos profesionales a grupos de empresarios nacionales dentro de políticas educativas que buscaron privatizar gran parte del sistema educativo. En estos liceos se implementaron relaciones laborales dominadas por el capital, donde los trabajadores fueron constituyendo organizaciones sindicales de la misma forma que en las empresas privadas. En este trabajo analizamos, a partir de fuentes de prensa y entrevistas, las prácticas y relaciones establecidas por estas organizaciones, sus conflictos, acuerdos e identificaciones políticas en una coyuntura histórica marcada por el fin de la dictadura y la llegada del primer gobierno civil, donde los trabajadores de este sector se vieron postergados de las reivindicaciones alcanzadas en el sector municipal y particular.
Pueblos originarios, patrimonio y autenticidad en la promoción del “desarrollo con identidad”. Reflexiones desde el norte argentino
Authors: Benedetti Cecilia
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en reflexionar sobre patrimonio, pueblos indígenas y autenticidad en las perspectivas de “desarrollo con identidad”. Actualmente, las mismos presentan protagonismo en la gestión patrimonial en los ámbitos internacionales y nacionales. A partir de una investigación antropológica que estoy desarrollando en la provincia de Salta, en el norte de Argentina, apunto a considerar cómo en la implementación de estos enfoques se delimitan determinados aspectos en torno a la preservación y la autenticidad, cuáles son las prácticas que involucran y cómo los indígenas se apropian, recrean y desafían dichas nociones. Considero que las novedades en torno a la autenticidad en estos enfoques refieren a principios y valores que permean dicha noción en términos de una nueva configuración moral, entre los cuales adquiere relevancia la delimitación de lo auténtico como respeto a la diversidad cultural.
Cosmetic, Conversation, or Commitment: A Study of EDI Corporate Messages, Motives, and Metrics After George Floyd’s Murder
Authors:   Center for Creative Leadership, Dawkins Marcia , Balakrishnan Ramya
Published: May 2022

"“We know that systemic racism is real. It has been persistent. And it can’t be wished away.” “Our identity, our very existence is rooted in empowering everyone on the planet.” “We commit $10 million to aid organizations dedicated to equality and social justice.” Each of these statements is a response to one event: the collective citizen witnessing of George Floyd’s murder in 2020. Each statement tells a different story, complete with heroes, villains, plot twists, and resolutions. As such, this study explored the stories told and commitments made by corporations in their responses to systemic racism after George Floyd’s murder. We sought to uncover relationships between statement content, leader motive, and proposed organizational culture change. Blending computational and communication research methods, we found and identified three thematic elements and seven equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) strategies. Findings suggest organizations used statements to explain what witnessing Floyd’s murder means, share leaders’ motivations for doing EDI work, and propose socially responsible actions. More specifically, the results of this study offer the following insights. • Three themes emerged. Oppression is everywhere, all the time; Leaders can be heroes; Messages and metrics should match. • Three motives were found to underly EDI strategies, ranging from surface level compliance to in-depth change. These are EDI as cosmetic tool, conversation starter, and commitment driver. • Cosmetic motives are overrepresented, as 95.98% of statement content lacks key details accounting for long-term culture change. While corporate statements were spurred by a here-and-now situation, the issue of systemic racism is ongoing. Therefore, these insights suggest the need for continued evaluation of statements in the context of quantitative and qualitative indicators, paying particular attention to employee reviews, diversity metrics, and social responsibility. The current paper provides an overview of statement content as it relates to equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) and includes advice on what leaders can do as they embrace transparency and promote accountability.
Electrochemical fabrication of hierarchical thin films consisting of different polythiophenes and change in photoelectric conversion properties with film thickness
Authors: Kanbe Kengo , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Kumagawa Yu , Hirata Shuya , Tsujiai Takatoshi , Oku Takeo
Published: May 2022

Hierarchical polybithiophene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films with polybithiophene layers of various thicknesses were prepared on an indium tin oxide glass transparent electrode by sequential electrochemical polymerization. In the presence of methyl viologen as a sacrificial electron acceptor, cathodic photocurrents were generated under monochromatic light irradiation. The irradiation light wavelength dependence of the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency changed drastically with the thickness of the polybithiophene layer. The main reason for the change in the photoelectric conversion properties was light absorption by the polybithiophene layer.
FRC-Net: A Simple Yet Effective Architecture for Low-Light Image Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zheng Huan , Hong Richang , Fan Jicong , Yang Yi , Yan Shuicheng
Published: May 2022

Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) aims at refining illumination and restoring the detail of low-light image. Current deep LLIE models still face two issues: low-quality detail-recovery result due to information loss, and complex model design. On one hand, current methods usually adopt U-Net with multiple feature scaling operations as main structure, but feature scaling inevitably loses informative visual primitives, which will result in blur textures and inaccurate illumination. On the other hand, current models are usually complicated and even redundant, which goes against the original goal of building plain model to effectively handle the LLIE task. To address these issues, we branch out to propose a simple yet effective deep LLIE architecture, termed Full-Resolution Context Network (FRC-Net). Specifically, to avoid information loss caused by feature scaling, we propose a novel full-resolution representation strategy to replace all feature scaling operations. The model structure of FRC-Net is very simple, which only contains 12 cascaded layers: 7 convolution layers and 5 newly-designed context attention (CA) modules. CA module is mainly designed to overcome the limited receptive field caused by shallow structures, by not only learning global context but also retaining local details. Extensive experiments show that our FRC-Net obtains better detail-recovery quality, which performs favorably against the current SOTA methods.
Acute Heart Failure Associated with Carbon Monoxide Intoxication during Pregnancy: Two Case Reports
Authors: Essafti Meryem , Inajjarne Nadir , Elarras Siham , Rebahi Houssam , El Adib Ahmed Rhassane
Published: May 2022

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a leading cause of mortality among accidental intoxications, it is responsible for severe tissular hypoxia leading to life-threatening complications. Pregnant women are more at risk to develop severe forms of intoxication due to their physiological changes and their higher oxygen requirements as well as for possible adverse fetal outcomes. We present two cases of monoxide intoxication in two pregnant women with acute heart failure and variant complications with different fetal outcomes.