bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health, anthropometry and blood pressure among adolescents living in slums of Nashik, India
Authors: Khopkar Sushama A. , Virtanen Suvi M. , Kulathinal Sangita
Published: June 2021

Background: Both hypertension and depression are common disorders and obesity is on the rise in low and middle-income countries. Because early life changes may prove to be precursors to the development of diseases in adult, assessing the mental and physical health of younger population is crucial. This study aimed to determine the association between blood pressure, mental health and anthropometric status of adolescents from urban slums in Nashik, India.  Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among eligible adolescents during November 2010 and April 2011 in two randomly selected slums of Nashik, Maharashtra, India. A total of 545 adolescents were selected from 276 households. Data on socio-demographic indicators, anthropometry, blood pressure, mental wellbeing, and addictions were collected using pretested structured questionnaires by house visits. Mental wellbeing was examined using the General Health Questionnaire with 12 items (GHQ-12). A higher score indicates more-optimal mental wellbeing. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyse the data. Results: Girls had better mental wellbeing scores than boys. Adolescents with low mental wellbeing score had higher percentage of stunting (22%) compared to high scores. The factors associated significantly with systolic blood pressure (SBP) were age, mid mental wellbeing score, stunting, and thinness. For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), sex, high mental wellbeing score, and father's education were, in addition, also significant. When moving from the low to mid mental wellbeing score, SBP and DBP decreased and the same was observed for high score. The prevalence of prehypertension was 20%.  Conclusion: The findings showed that the adolescents do run a higher risk of substance abuse, health-related problems and higher SBP and DBP if there is an evidence of distress. It brings into focus the importance of mental health management in adolescents.
Experiences with surgical management of undescended testis at a tertiary care hospital in north-western Tanzania
Authors: Kadilo Steven , Manyama Mange , Kayange Neema M. , Chalya Phillipo L.
Published: June 2021

Background: Undescended testes (UDT) are prone to a lot of complications but early detection and correction give good results. There is paucity of published data on UDT in our setting. This study describes the clinical presentation, management and outcome of this condition at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in northwestern TanzaniaMethods: This was a retrospective study of patients who were admitted and operated for undescended testis at BMC between July 2006 and June 2014. Results: A total of 84 patients with 102 UDT were studied. Forty-six (54.9%) patients were aged above 5 years. Majority (72.5%) UDT were non-palpable. The right side was involved in 54.8%; left side in 23.8% while 21.4% were bilateral.  Associated inguinal hernia was reported in 48 (77.4%) patients. Ultrasonography was performed in 34 (45.9%) patients with non-palpable testes and was used to locate 12(35.3%) testes.  Laparoscopy was not used in any patient. At surgery, 54 (52.9%) testes were found in the inguinal canal, 28 (27.5%) in the superficial inguinal pouch, 10 (9.8%) in the abdomen and 10 (9.8%) testes were not found. Out of the 92 (90.2%) visible testes, 69 (75.0%) underwent orchidopexy (single stage in 54 (78.3%) testes and multistage in 15 (21.7%) testes) and 23 (25.0%) orchidectomy. Single stage procedures were more likely in patients less than 5 years, with palpable testes and those with testes located at the superficial inguinal pouch (p < 0.001). Postoperative complications were recorded in 8(9.5%) patients. The overall success rate of treatment was 95.7%. In this study, only 12 (14.3%) patients were available for follow up at 12 months after discharge.Conclusion: Patients with UDT presented late in our hospital because diagnosis by birth attendants was rarely made even though the anomaly was obvious at birth. The parents, patients themselves and development of complications drew attention to undescended testis. Health awareness campaign, thorough genital examination after birth and regular screening of toddlers for UDT may result in early presentation
Clinician’s awareness and knowledge on the management of differentiated thyroid cancer and the use of radioactive iodine in Tanzania
Authors: Sakafu Lulu L. , Mselle Teddy , Mwaiselage Julius , Msengwa Amina , Maunda Khamza , Eddin Bouyoucef S.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide with better outcome if timely and properly managed. Surgery followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation remains the mainstay in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In Tanzania however, few patients with DTC receive RAI ablation post-surgery, and most of these present late, with advanced disease resulting in poor treatment outcome. The objective of this study was to determine the course for late referral by assessing clinician’s awareness and knowledge on the management of DTC and the use of RAI in Tanzania.Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in referral hospitals in Tanzania. Data collection used a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Information sought included awareness, knowledge and practices of clinicians on the management and the use of RAI on patients with DTC was explored.Results: Majority of clinicians managing DTC patients were males (86%), in-training surgeons (54%), and attended less than ten DTC patients per year (62%). About 44% of in-training surgeons never heard of nuclear medicine (p=0.04), and 20% were not aware of the role of RAI in the management of DTC (p=0.031). Only 7.3% of surgeons were aware of the role of thyroxine therapy, or RAI ablation post-surgery. Of all DTC patients managed surgically, only 16% had total thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy (p=0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate there is insufficient knowledge on proper management and use of RAI on patients with DTC among clinicians in Tanzania.
Comparison of HIV-1 viral loads, CD4-Th2-lymphocytes and effects of praziquantel treatment among adults infected or uninfected with Schistosoma mansoni in fishing villages of north-western Tanzania
Authors: Mazigo Humphrey D. , Dunne David W. , Morona Domenica , Kinung'hi Safari M. , Nuwaha Fred
Published: June 2021

Background: It is hypothesised that Th2 immunological environment associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection might favour replication of HIV-1 in co-infected individuals, results in increased viral loads. On the other hand, deworming using praziquantel might result in reduction of HIV-1 viral loads and increased CD4+ cell counts. This study was therefore, carried out to compare HIV -1 plasma loads, CD4-Th2-lymphocytes and the effects of praziquantel treatment on HIV-1 plasma loads and CD4+ cell counts among HIV-1 seropositive individuals infected or uninfected with S. mansoni.Methodology: A 9-month prospective longitudinal study was conducted among HIV-1 infected individuals aged 21-55 years with CD4+ cell counts ≥ 350cells/µL in fishing villages of North-Western Tanzania. Single stool samples were examined for S. mansoni eggs using Kato Katz technique at 6-month follow-up and 12 weeks after treatment. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, at three and six-month follow-up and 12 weeks after praziquantel treatment for HIV-1 plasma viral loads and CD4+ cell quantification.Results: Of the 50 HIV-1 infected participants at baseline, 44% (22/50, 95%CI; 30.58-58.35) were found to be co-infected with S. mansoni at 6-month follow-up with a mean of 93.26GM-epg (95%CI: 60.42-143.95). The median CD4+ cell counts did not differ significantly between individuals infected with HIV-1 and those co-infected with HIV-1 and S. mansoni at baseline (P=0.62), 3-month (P=0.64) and 6-month (P=0.41) follow-up. Monthly decrease in CD4+ cells did not differ significantly between the two groups at all follow-up points (-30.39cell/µL versus -31.35cells/µL, P=0.89). Those infected with S. mansoni had a significantly higher mean log10 HIV-1 plasma viral load at baseline (5.98 ± 3.06 versus 9.21 ± 1.91copies/ml, P<0.0001) and 3-month follow-up (8.19 ± 2.17 versus 9.44 ± 1.99copies/ml, P<0.042) compared to those infected with HIV-1 only. This difference was not evident at the time of S. mansoni diagnosis at 6-month time point. Praziquantel treatment in co-infected individuals (n=12) did not result in any change in CD4+ cell counts and mean HIV-1 plasma viral loads (t=-0.9156, P=0.38), comparing baseline and 3-month follow-up after treatment. No correlation was observed between log S. mansoni egg counts and log10 HIV-1 RNA viral loads (r=-0.066, P=0.77) at six-month follow-up in co-infected individuals (n=22).Conclusion: HIV-1 plasma viral loads varied significantly among mono and co-infected individuals at baseline and 3-month follow-up. However, CD4+ cell counts did not vary between the two groups at all follow-up time points. Praziquantel treatment of co-infected individuals did not result in changes in CD4+ cell counts and HIV-1 plasma viral loads.
Applicability of structured telephone monitoring to follow up heart failure patients discharged from Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Mmbali Sabina , Chillo Pilly
Published: June 2021

Background: Studies from developed countries have shown that home monitoring and follow up of heart failure (HF) patients by use of phone calls is cost-effective as it reduces re-admission and improves patients’ clinical status. This intervention has however not been tested in resource poor countries including Tanzania, and there are questions as to whether it is applicable in such situations. This study was carried out to determine the applicability of structured telephone monitoring of HF patients discharged from Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.   Methods: All heart failure patients admitted at the hospital’s Cardiovascular Medicine Department between August and December 2014 were consecutively recruited. Information on their clinical and demographic characteristics was collected and their mobile phone numbers recorded. Patients were then contacted through their phones on day 7, 14 and 30 post discharge and inquiry on their clinical status was made.Results: A total of 164 HF patients were admitted during the study period, of these 4 declined to participate, 3 could not establish a phone number and 26 died before discharge leaving 131 (79.9%) for follow-up. The mean age was 45±19 years and 56.5% were women. The proportion of patients that could be contacted through mobile phones were 96.2%, 94.7% and 93.9% on day 7, 14 and 30 post discharge, respectively. Over 90% of the contacted patients gave valuable information regarding their clinical status.Conclusion: Majority of HF patients can be contacted and provide valuable clinical information through mobile phones within a month post discharge from the national hospital in Tanzania.  Structured telephone monitoring could be used as a tool to follow up HF patients in a resource-poor country like Tanzania.
Malnutrition and associated factors among adults starting on antiretroviral therapy at PASADA Hospital in Temeke District, Tanzania
Authors: Kabalimu Titus K. , Sungwa Edson , Lwabukuna Warles C.
Published: June 2021

Background: Malnutrition is known to play a significant role in HIV/AIDS progression. Severe malnutrition has been previously found to be associated with early mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) undergoing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among adult PLHIV attending care and treatment centre (CTC) in Temeke District, Tanzania.Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study involved consecutive eligible patients attending the CTC for initiating in ART, between January and April, 2014. All participants who agreed to sign a consent form were enrolled. The participants had undergone baseline workup for ART initiation (by CTC), which included blood tests for liver and renal function tests, and CD4+ cell count, using calibrated instruments and standard techniques. In all patients the weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI), denoting the nutritional status. This parameter was recorded in the study instrument together with the CD4+ count for each patient. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain more information, namely demographic and lifestyle data.Results:  A total of 125 patients were included in this study. The prevalence of malnutrition among participants was 19.4%.  Those with severe malnutrition comprised of 9%. Significant association was noted between malnutrition and irregular income (OR= 3.8, CI: 1.2-11.5) and also inability to get at least two meals a day (OR= 3.4, CI: 1.2-9.2).  Severe malnutrition was significantly associated with the CD4+ counts of <200 cells/mm(OR =7.6; CI: 1.7-34.6).Conclusion: About 19% of participants were malnourished at the time of initiation of ART and among them 9% were severely malnourished. The most important risks for malnutrition were found to be irregular income and inability to get adequate feeding. This calls for routine nutritional assessment at CTCs prior to initiation of ART so as to identify those who need immediate intervention, including those with severe malnutrition.
Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of extracts from Ormocarpum trichocarpum (Taub.) and Euclea divinorum (Hiern) used as traditional medicine in Tanzania
Authors: Kilonzo Mhuji , Rubanza Chrispinus , Richard Upendo , Sangiwa Gideon
Published: June 2021

Background: Medicinal plants have been of great value to human healthcare in most parts of the world for thousands of years. In Tanzania, over 12,000 species of higher plants have been reported, and about 10% are estimated to be used as medicines to treat different human health conditions. The present study aimed to determine in vitro antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of Ormocarpum trichocarpum and Euclea divinorum which are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Tanzania.

Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of plants extracts against tested bacterial and fungal species were determined using 96 wells microdilution method. In this method, 50 μL of nutrient and saboraud’s dextrose broth for bacteria and fungus respectively were loaded in each well followed by 50 μL of extract to make final volume of 100 μL. Subsequently 50 μL were transferred from first rows of each well to the second rows and the process was repeated down the columns to the last wells from which 50 μL were discarded. Thereafter, 50 μL of the selected bacterial and fungal suspension was added to each well thus making final volume of 100μL. The lowest concentration which showed no microbe growth was considered as MIC. The study also evaluated phytochemical compounds present in the ethyl acetate extracts from O. trichocarpum stem bark and E. divinorum root bark extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.

Results: It was revealed that 66% of the tested microbes were susceptible to plant extracts at MIC value of 0.39 mg/mL whereas 83% being susceptible to extracts at MIC value of 0.781 mg/mL. Interestingly, four out of 18 tested plant extracts exhibited high antifungal activity below that of the standard antifungal drug, fluconazole. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various low molecular weight phytochemicals which belongs to six groups of secondary metabolites namely dieterpenes, alphatic hydrocarbons, tetraterpenes, sesquiterpenes, steroid and triterpenes.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the presence of various phytochemicals in the tested plant extracts may be associated with pharmacological properties of O. trichocarpum and E. divinorum and therefore justifying ethnomedical usage of such plants.

 

Keywords: Antibacterial, antifungal, Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Euclea divinorum
Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography at rest for the diagnosis, screening and management of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Brugger Nicolas , Lichtblau Mona , Maeder Micha T. , Müller Hajo , Pellaton Cyril , Yerly Patrick
Published: June 2021

Doppler echocardiography is widely used in everyday clinical practice for the detection of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in symptomatic patients and in populations particularly at risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It allows accurate estimation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure but may lack precision in particular situations. In addition, echocardiography can help to distinguish between pre- and post-capillary PH and is a very good tool to evaluate right ventricular systolic function, which is of great prognostic interest in PAH. This article reviews the current knowledge about methodologic aspects of assessing pulmonary pressure and PH origin by echo, including a discussion about abnormal thresholds. It also details advanced techniques like right ventricular strain imaging and new concepts like right ventricle – pulmonary artery coupling evaluation that have become “matured” enough to be definitely brought to routine evaluation.
Distribution of Polymorphic Marker of Genes of the Renin-angiotensin System RAS (AGT, AGTR1, АСЕ), ITGB3, PPARG) in Pa-tients With Essential Arterial Hypertension Depending on the Nature of the Nocturnal De-crease of BP
Authors: Zotova T. Yu. , Azova M. M. , Lukanina A. A. , Aissa A. Ait , Blagonravov M. L.
Published: June 2021

A clinical-genetic study using ABPM (24-hour BP monitoring) and Holter’s ECG methods in 49 pa-tients with essential arterial hypertension (group 1: 17 patients without sufficient nocturnal BP de-crease СI≤10%, and group 2: 32 patients with suf-ficient nocturnal BP decrease СI≥10%,) was per-formed for comparative analysis of the genotype frequencies of ACE, AGT, AGTR1, ITGB3, and PPARG. The study was conducted in order to clari-fy the pathogenetic mechanisms of the implementa-tion of different dynamics of nocturnal blood pres-sure in patients with hypertension without metabol-ic syndrome. It was found that in group 1, protec-tive genotype II of the ACE gene was more com-mon (p ≤ 0.025) than in the population data. A sig-nificant increase (p ≤ 0.025) in the frequency of the CC genotype of the AGTR1 gene responsible for the formation of insulin resistance compared to the population data was combined with a significant increase in the frequency of autonomic dysfunction in patients of group 1 - 83.4% vs. 64.5% group 2 respectively. The results obtained indicate the pos-sible pathogenetic links between genetically deter-mined insulin resistance and autonomic nervous system dysfunction and allows us to determine therapeutic approaches for correcting the noctur-nal blood pressure profile.
A comparative study of two methods to determine acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed boar sperm
Authors: Rungruangsak Janyaporn , Suwimonteerabutr Junpen , Buranaamnuay Kakanang , Chankrachang Arun , Tummaruk Padet
Published: June 2021

Coomassie blue staining has been reported as an effective and inexpensive method for evaluating the acrosome integrity of spermatozoa, though to date its use to evaluate cryopreserved boar sperm has not been reported. Moreover, there is no information concerning the agreement between Coomassie blue staining and fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated peanut agglutinin and ethidium homodimer (FITC-PNA/EthD-1) methods for assessing sperm acrosome integrity for any species. The current study was performed to determine the efficacy and agreement between Coomassie blue and FITC-PNA/EthD-1 staining methods for evaluating the acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed boar sperm. A total of 25 semen samples were cryopreserved using lactose-egg yolk-based extender and loaded into 0.5 PVC-French straws. Sperm motility and motion characteristics were determined using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated using the SYBR-14/EthD-1 and hypo-osmotic swelling test, respectively. Acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed boar sperm was evaluated using both FITC-PNA/EthD-1 and Coomassie blue staining to assess the association between sperm acrosome integrity and agreement between these two methods. The average percent acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed boar sperm as determined by FITC-PNA/ EthD-1 and Coomassie blue staining was 48.8 ± 12.6% and 52.6 ± 13.6%, respectively (P>0.05). Interestingly, Coomassie blue staining found a correlation between sperm viability and acrosome integrity (r=0.609, P=0.002), while FITC-PNA/EthD-1 staining did not (P>0.05). However, the acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed boar sperm evaluated by FITC-PNA/ EthD-1 and Coomassie blue staining was significantly correlated (r=0.448, P=0.025, n=25). The Bland-Altman plot determined that this agreement was acceptable. In conclusion, the acrosome integrity of the frozen-thawed boar sperm assessed via Coomassie blue staining was significantly correlated with that obtained via the FITC-PNA/EthD-1 staining method, and the two methods showed good agreement. Moreover, the significant association between the acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed boar sperm determined by Coomassie blue staining with other sperm quality parameters indicates that this is an effective method for assessing the acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed sperm in pigs.
Summa Theologiae 2.0: Intellectual Mass Media in the Modern Russian Realities, or How “The Academic” became “The Mediatic”
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maksym W.
Published: June 2021

The research paper focuses on the specific features of the status of theology in the modern humanities in Russia. Studying the complexities and difficulties of the institutionalisation of theology and its localisation in the Russian university system and academic culture, the author foregrounds the post-Soviet European experience of the Baltic countries and Ukraine, where theology acquired the status of a “normal” science earlier than in Russia. Within the framework of this study, the peculiarities of the controversial status of theology in the system of higher education as well as in the Russian postgraduate and doctoral studies are considered in the contexts of the frontier of knowledge and the post-Soviet stereotypes. It is assumed that several factors, including the Soviet atheistic cultural heritage, the post-Soviet system of secular degrees and the traditionally significant role of representatives of the natural sciences in the academic community, may significantly contribute to slowing down the transformation of theology into a “normal” science. The paper also deals with the issue of how theology is transforming from the church life of the Russian Christians and becoming more noticeable in the Russian educational cultures and academic spaces. The arguments of the supporters and opponents of the official institutionalisation of theology in the higher education system are critically examined. The author pays special attention to the prospects and possibilities of using the Western experience of “secularization” of theology and its integration into the secular canons of science.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS E PROMOÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Matias Felix , Lima Cláudia Araújo de
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este artigo aborda sobre as Políticas Públicas de Alfabetizaç­ão e Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a Promoção dos Direitos Humanos em Moçambique. Procura-se através deste, reflectir de forma profunda, os aspectos que conduzem a perceção sobre a existência ou não de uma perspectiva educativa voltada para os direitos humanos nos programas de EJA. Para isso, tem como objetivo principal analisar o enquadramento dos direitos humanos nas políticas públicas de EJA em Moçambique. É um estudo de natureza qualitativa, com uma característica descritiva, sua metodologia concentra-se basicamente na revisão bibliográfica e estudo documental, num olhar crítico às políticas públicas educacionais. Do estudo realizado através deste artigo, concluiu-se que, por um lado, nos instrumentos legislativos de educação em Moçambique reconhece-se a importância dos direitos humanos no exercício da cidadania. Por outro lado, as políticas públicas de educação no país, não são muito claras quanto a abordagem dos direitos humanos como conteúdos a serem aprofundados no ensino da EJA, nem como uma perspectiva de formação deste subsistema de ensino, isto é, no plano curricular de AEA vem explícita a intenção de preparar pessoas para o mercado de trabalho, ou para o desenvolvimento econômico, mas o mesmo não acontece para a questão dos direitos humanos ou para um comprometimento na construção do bem-estar comum através do conhecimento dos direitos humanos e sua aplicação. Torna-se evidente que a definição de políticas públicas de EJA voltadas para o conhecimento dos direitos humanos teria maior contributo na construção de uma sociedade do bem.
Letter from the Editors: Special Forum on “Research Methods in International Business”
Authors: Aguzzoli Roberta , Gardner Emma , Newburry William
Published: June 2021

This issue, developed in cooperation with the Academy of International Business Research Methods Shared Interest Group, explores the importance of utilizing sound research methods when studying international business phenomena. In addition to featuring two research methods-focused articles, it also presents articles on social identity theory in the age of identity politics, Tik-tok and the splinternet, and the different value chain requirements for medical devises in the COVID-19 era.
FRG-GDR: the Experience of Unification and the Role of International Actors in It
Authors: Kudryachenko A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the practice and course of the events of 1989-1990 concerning the achievement of German state unity in terms of the coordination of foreign policy issues of the entry ofEast Germany (GDR) into the West Germany (FRG). The approaches of different states that were participants in the negotiation process are revealed, with regard to the harmonization of the foundations of the peaceful change of borders, while at the same time strengthening stability and confidence in a renewed Europe. Separately, the transformation of the conceptual approaches of the Soviet leadership to the settlement of the German question of the post-war era and the period of block confrontation is revealed. The article analyzes the situation regarding the dynamic changes in the position of leading actors, overcoming their stereotypes and ideological stamps, the search for ways to reconcile the views of interested states in overcoming the split of the German nation in the plane of achieving a non-confrontational system of relations on the continent. The analysis is conducted in terms of the need for the experience of uniting Germany, overcoming its national split and the role of international actors in these processes. It is noted that the historical practice of post-war Germany, the experience with the recent overcoming of the dual power of the Germans, may and must serve in a certain way Ukraine and the international pro-Ukrainian coalition in overcoming modern problems and challenges, as well as in achieving peace and national unity on our land.
Рeculiarities of the Рolitical and Legal Situation of the Jews during the Great Reforms in the Russian Empire
Authors: Bezarov O.
Published: June 2021

In the article it is researched that the policy of modernization of social and economic life in the Russian Empire, conducted by the government of Alexander II, since the end of the 1850s, created realprerequisites for emancipation of the Russian Jews, certain categories of which could feel full-fledged subjects of the Russian monarchy for the first time already in the 1870s. However, as a result of theprejudiced attitude towards the Jews on the part of the autocracy, the policy of emancipating the Jews turned out to be incomplete, and their legal status was uncertain. Nevertheless, the unique situation in which, for example, the Bukharian Jews managed to obtain civil rights and freedoms from the Russian government, pointed to the ambiguity of political approaches to the settlement of the Jewish issue inthe Russian Empire. The criterion of political loyalty of Russian Jews determined their future legal status in the empire.
Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Akidah Akhlak melalui Metode Pembelajaran PAIKEM Tipe Jigsaw dan Index Card
Authors: Arief Istijabah Sodik
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to improve student's learning achievement of Akidah Akhlak using the jigsaw type and index card match. The research method used was classroom action research. The instruments were pretest and post-test, observation sheets, and interviews. The results of this study have reached the criteria that become the limiting indicators of success which are shown by increasing the category of aspects of learning achievement in each cycle. Likewise, with the results of the learning outcomes test, there was an increase in the average score, which in the first cycle was 66.4, in the second cycle was increased to 78.2 and there was an increase again to 88.6 and there were no more students who scored less than 75. The interviews have also responded positively to the learning process using this type of jigsaw and index card match. This research has shown that learning jigsaw type and index card match has had a positive impact on students in the learning process
Implementasi Budaya Religius dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Peserta Didik
Authors: Zahrudin Mamun , Ismail Shalahudin , Ruswandi Uus , Arifin Bambang Samsul
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at describing how the implementation of religious culture in increasing the spiritual intelligence of participants in schools. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with the objectives being studied were students of MI Terpadu Ad-Dimyati Bandung. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of religious culture in increasing the spiritual intelligence of students through smiling, greeting, and greeting (3S), Tausiah, reading short surahs, and Asmaul Husna, prayer zuhr in the congregation, Dhuha prayer, Istighasah, and Infaq (Gerakan Dua Bumi-The movement of Two Earths) have met the criteria for increasing the spiritual intelligence of students. Because as an Islamic educational institution, the school is not only concerned with cognitive aspects but also good habituation and spiritual concepts that can be applied in everyday life. This research is expected to broaden the writer's insight, especially and generally for readers. Whereas for schools the implementation of religious culture to improve the spiritual intelligence of students should involve the participation of families and communities so that the increase in spiritual intelligence is more optimal
The Miracles of Al-Quran: Al-Quran as a Grace and Guidance of Muslims
Authors: Djamdjuri Dewi Suriyani , Kamilah Iil Hilyatul
Published: June 2021

This paper aimed at explaining the functions of the Al-Quran as a blessing and guidance for mankind, especially for Muslims in this world. It is the duty of the scholars at any time to find the existing arguments and process them with the right to provide legal certainty to problems that arise in time. To know the law of a problem based on the most appropriate arguments, it is necessary to update the right one, namely the Al-Quran because it has covered all problems in life. The result of this study showed that the Al-Quran is a light that appears in the hearts of Muslims, which breaks the flower of faith, appears in life so that it becomes light, rises to the heavens of mankind so that a plan of peace and guidance appears to humans to introduce their status and obligations, then lead to the straight path. This statement means that Al-Quran is guidance for humans. The function of Al-Quran globally is as a principle of the Islamic religion, in which there is the principle of every science in human language past and present and the future. Al-Quran is more than just a Holy Book, it is also a very useful book or a perfect reference.
Dietary intake of persons with depressive and psychotic disorders in Singapore
Authors: Lee Ying Ying , Lau Jue Hua , Seet Vanessa , Whitton Clare , Asharani PV , Siva Kumar Fiona Devi , Wang Peizhi , Roystonn Kumarasan , Cetty Laxman , Teh Wen Lin , Verma Swapna , Mok Yee Ming , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of study that investigates the role of diet and nutrition in mental health. Studies conducted in the general population have linked depressive symptoms with poor dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to characterise the dietary intake and analyse the dietary pattern using the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in a sample of psychiatric patients in a multiethnic Asian nation. Methods: Participants were recruited from an outpatient clinic and an inpatient unit at the Institute of Mental Health in Singapore. Self-reported dietary habits of a sample of psychiatric patients (N=380) were analysed using DASH. To examine the variables associated with DASH scores, a linear regression was conducted with the full sample and sociodemographic variables. Results: Persons with depressive disorders had a mean DASH score of 21.3 (±4.2), while persons with psychotic disorders had a mean DASH score of 21.2 (±4.9). Respondents who were older (B=1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–2.96, P<0.001), female (B=1.09, 95% CI 0.07–2.11, P=0.04) and economically inactive (B=1.98, 95% CI 0.006–3.96, P=0.049) were more likely to report a higher diet quality compared with their respective counterparts, while smokers (B= -1.39, 95% CI -2.45 to -0.34, P=0.009) tended to report a lower diet quality compared with their non-smoking counterparts. Conclusion: Dietary patterns of persons with mental disorders were characterised. A host of sociodemographic factors, and not diagnosis of mental disorders, influenced the dietary quality of people with depressive and psychotic disorders. Clinicians treating psychiatric patients need to be aware of the nuanced reasons behind poor dietary choices and provide targeted psychoeducation to specific subgroups within the patient population. Keywords: Depression, diet, nutritional psychiatry, psychosis, smoking
USLOVNI OTPUST KOD KAZNE DOŽIVOTNOG ZATVORA – KRITIČKO PREISPITIVANJE NOVIH NORMATIVNIH REŠENJA U SRPSKOM KRIVIČNOM ZAKONODAVSTVU –
Authors: Grujić Zdravko
Published: June 2021

The amendments and supplements of the Criminal Code of 2019 introduced into Serbian criminal legislation a life imprisonment as the most severe sentence in the criminal sanctions system. These novelties confirm the continuity of a multi-year process of (inconsistent) changes in criminal legislation that tightens the legislature’s criminal policy, broadens the limits of criminal repression, supplements the purpose of punishment, narrows the possibility of mitigating the punishment, in other words, continues to expand the retributive concept of punishing. The introduction of the life imprisonment required the amendments of several other provisions of the Criminal Code, including those relating to the purpose of punishment, impossibility of conditional release of persons sentenced to this life imprisonment, as well as the duration limit on conditional release. In most states where it forms part of the sentence system the possibility of (early, or) conditional release of prisoners is provided. It is indisputable that there are also rare exceptions to this rule. However, the paradigm of human rights protection, in particular the protection of the rights of persons deprived of their liberty, as well as the mechanisms for their protection (e.g. the jurisprudence of the ECHR), indicate that the possibility of conditional release of persons sentenced to life imprisonment in national legislations already represents an “established standard”. From a penological point of view, the implementation of treatment and treating of the prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment and the idea of their resocialization and social reintegration, is directly correlated with the possibility of their conditional release. Therefore, prescribing the possibility of conditional release of prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment, as visible to them “a path to release”, is a necessary prerequisite for the execution of the sentence.
Analisis Faktor Kendala Industri Kecil Menengah (Studi Pada IKM Makanan di Kelurahan Tidar Utara Kota Magelang)
Authors: Nazifah Maya Noura , Ikhwan Khairul
Published: June 2021

Industri Kecil Mikro sektor makanan menghadapi tantangan yang terus bertambah besar dibalik berkembangnya teknologi informasi. Sementara itu, IKM sektor makanan masih mengalami kendala mendasar yang belum terpecahkan. Penilitian ini, bertujuan menganalisis faktor apa saja yang menjadi kendala usaha yang dialami oleh Industri Makanan yang ada di Kelurahan Tidar Utara, Kota Magelang. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini survei menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menguraikan serta menganalisis faktor kendala usaha pada industri makanan di Kelurahan Tidar Utara, Kota Magelang. Total sebanyak 65 data IKM makanan terkumpul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 kendala utama yang mempengaruhi serta menghambat kinerja IKM makanan di Kelurahan Tidar Utara Kota Magelang. Kendala tersebut yaitu: pemasaran, permodalan, dan pembukuan. Solusi atas kendala tentu saja tidak hanya dibebankan pada IKM sendiri, tetapi juga harus memperoleh dukungan dari dari asosiasi  pengusaha maupun dari lingkungan pemerintah.
Biomass and Carbon Stock Variation along slopes in Tropical Forest of Nepal: A case of Depard Community Forest, Makwanpur, Nepal
Authors: Bohara Birendra , Miya Mahamad Sayab , Timilsina Sachin , Gautam Deepak , Regmi Siddhartha
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to assess biomass and carbon stock along slopes in Depard community forest, Manahari-6, Makwanpur district of Nepal. In Nepal, carbon stock estimation has been less practiced in community forest. A random sampling method was applied in this study to collect biophysical data i.e. DBH and height by non-destructive method to estimate the quantity of tree biomass and carbon stock. 21 sample plots with 1% sampling intensity were established within the study area. The circular area of 250 m2 was predetermined with the radius of 8.92 m for this study. Secondary data were collected through published and unpublished literature. Data were pooled and analyzed with SPSS software. The total biomass and carbon stock were calculated to be 1381.30 t/ha and 649.21 t/ha, respectively. The biomass and carbon stock were highest (563.12 t/ha and 242.42 t/ha) in 0-5% slope, and lowest in >20% of slope (334.75 t/ha and 143.60 t/ha). The difference of biomass and carbon in slopes may be due to the accumulation of more organic matter and other minerals in the less sloped areas through rainfall, landslide.
A lean university as an innovative model of university management
Authors: Adzhienko V. L. , Vermennikova L. V. , Davydova N. S. , Kuizheva S. K.
Published: June 2021

Lean production is an innovative paradigm, providing an opportunity for a significant increase in the efficiency of enterprises and organizations of various industries. Currently, the high need for personnel with lean competencies and the expansion of the scope of application of the lean production ideology in the Russian economy have led to the emergence of a new model of management organization in a number of universities – «lean universities». The article analyzes the process and the experience of introducing the lean production principles in a number of Russian universities, identifies the main directions for the emergence of positive effects and the possibilities of forming regional educational systems focused on achieving long-term development goals of a lean individual, the formation of a lean culture in each specific region and country. The object of the research is the organizations of the higher education system in Russia, introducing the principles of lean production in their activities and in the management system. The subject of the research is the role and place of universities in the system of forming lean competencies, creating a flow of development of a lean personality. The article examines the main elements of an innovative model of university management based on the principles of frugality. The formation of an appropriate corporate culture is highlighted as the main condition for the effective functioning of such a model. Its functions consist in forming the worldview of a future specialist, actualize the values of lean production in a personality’s socio-psychological structure, cre- ating a special information-transparent communication environment in the organization that promotes the dissemination of ideas of frugality at the university and beyond. Moreover, the article summarizes the experience of foreign universities that implement the ideas of Lean Production in their activities, and draws analogies with the positive effects that can be observed as a result of the implementation of lean production in the practice of the Russian universities.
Olumlu ve Olumsuz Dini Başa Çıkma, Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Yalnızlık İlişkisi
Authors: KORKMAZ Sezai
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı dinî başa çıkma, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada betimsel istatistiklerin yanı sıra demografik değişkenlere göre dinî başa çıkma, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yalnızlık değişkenlerindeki farklılaşmalar ele alınmıştır. Dinî başa çıkma, olumlu dinî başa çıkma ve olumsuz dinî başa çıkma olarak iki boyutta incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 440 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların 152’si (%34,5) erkek, 288’i (%65,5) kadındır. Örneklemin yaş aralığı 18-65 arasında değişmekte ve örneklemin yaş ortalaması 24.10’dur. Medeni duruma göre katılımcıların 201’i (%45,7) evli ve 239’u (%54,3) ise bekârdır. Çalışmada dokümantasyon ve ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyete göre kadınlar, medeni duruma göre bekârlar ve yaşa göre gençler sosyal medya bağımlılığına daha yatkındır. Olumlu dinî başa çıkma ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yalnızlık arasında negatif ilişki vardır. Olumsuz dinî başa çıkma ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında pozitif yönde ilişki vardır. Olumlu dinî başa çıkma sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yalnızlığı yordarken olumlu dinî başa çıkma sosyal medya bağımlılığımı yordamıştır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkide dinî başa çıkma aracılık etmemiştir.
Научно методическое наследие Л.В.Щербы
Authors: Юлдашева Дилшода
Published: June 2021

Как лингвист-теоретик, Щерба не разменивался на методические мелочи, на различные приемы, он старался осмыслить методику путем приобщения ее к общему языкознанию, старался заложить в ее базу важнейшие идеи общей лингвистики. Книга эта представляет собой не столько методику преподавания языка в средней школе (хотя и школьный учитель может извлечь из нее для себя много полезного), сколько общие вопросы методики, как и сказано в подзаголовке. Щерба говорит:«В качестве лингвиста-теоретика я трактую методику преподавания иностранных языков как прикладную отрасль общего языковедения и предполагаю вывести все построение обучения иностранному языку из анализа понятия "язык" в его разных аспектах».
Pragmatic functions of modern english phraseology
Authors: Alimova Feruza
Published: June 2021

Phraseological units – there is one of the most controversial problems in modern phraseology. This article presents the results of studying the main pragmatic functions of phraseological units in modern English. The relevance of the research lies in the urgent need to differentiate regular pragmatic functions in English phraseology. The aim of the work is to analyze the functions of phraseological units based on the British National Corpus (BNC) and assess their quantitative ratios. The theoretical basis of the research is the phraseological concept of A.V. Kunin.
Давлат-ҳусусий шериклик асосида мактабгача таълим соҳасини ривожлантиришнинг моҳияти, иқтисодий аҳамияти ва хусусиятлари
Authors: Хаджаева Юлдуз
Published: June 2021

Ўзбекистон Республикасида мактабгача таълим тизимини ривожлантириш муҳим устувор вазифалардан ҳисобланади. Соҳани жадал ривожлантириш, илм талаб тармоқларда ишловчи ва замонавий кадрларларни тайёрлашнинг энг муҳим пойдеворидир.
Ушбу мақолада мактабгача таълим муасасалари фаолияти, унда олиб борилиши лозим бўлган ислоҳотлар бўйича маълумотлар ва илмий таклиф, тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган бўлиб, улардан кенг масштабда республика бўйича фойдаланиш бугунки куннинг энг муҳим муамомаларидан бири бўлган сифатли ва рақобатбардош кадрлар тайёрлашни ижобий ҳал этиш мумкин бўлади.
  Ушбу мақолада мактабгача таълим муасасалари фаолияти, унда олиб борилиши лозим бўлган ислоҳотлар бўйича маълумотлар ва илмий таклиф, тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган бўлиб, улардан кенг масштабда республика бўйича фойдаланиш бугунки куннинг энг муҳим муамомаларидан бири бўлган сифатли ва рақобатбардош кадрлар тайёрлашни ижобий ҳал этиш мумкин бўлади.
Diversity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Producing Indole-3- Acetic Acid and In vitro Evaluation of Plant Growth-promoting Activity on Brassica oleracea L.
Authors: Ali Alimuddin , Kurnia Nani , Ulfah Andi Asrini Nurani , Damayanti Putri , Rante Herlina , Jumadi Oslan
Published: June 2021

The evaluation of endophytic actinomycetes diversity, growth-promoting strain effects on cauliflower seeds germination, and in vitro organogenesis are the objectives in this study. Moreover, 15 strains from 125 isolates were determined to produce indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), where majority was obtained from roots (66.67%), followed by from branches (26.67%) and leaves (6.67%). Specifically, Jatropha sp. is a plant species with the most endophytic actinomycetes content compared to others. In addition, all endophytic Streptomyces strains were screened based on IAA production ability in vitro on yeast extract–malt extract broth (YMG) broth medium. The results showed the tendency for one strain with code Streptomyces sp. KMR-1E to generate a maximum IAA isolate from Cinnamomun sp. plant. Furthermore, the molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis were recreated from 16S rRNA gene sequences, which attributed the KMR- 1E to genus Streptomyces. Meanwhile, plant growth promotion was evaluated under in vitro condition. This exposed the individual ability to enhance the shoot and root length of cauliflowers. The untreated cultures with a strain free agar block was used as control.
INFLUENCE OF FILM THICKNESS, TEMPERATURE AND INORGANIC FILLERS ON THE VOLUME ELECTRIC RESISTIVITY OF HEAT-CURING EPOXY VARNISH
Authors: Leca Minodora , Segarceanu Ovidiu
Published: June 2021

The dependence of the volume electric resistivity of heat-during epoxy varnish on the film thickness, temperature, and nature of inorganic fillers for films obtained by spraying on steel supports cured for 30 minutes at l60 °C was determined. Film thicknesses ranged between 5 and 56 µm, temperature between 24 °C and l40 °C, and the fillers were rutile type titanium micronizes mica, colloidal aluminium oxide, and aluminium silicate. The experimental data, treated statistically by the Linear regression method, shows a linear dependence of the volume electric resistivity on the film thickness and a hyperbolic one on temperature. The highest volume electric resistivity was obtained for films containing titanium dioxide and the lowest one for those with aluminum silicate. The volume electric resistivity depends on film thickness for films deposited from the solution and can not be considered a material constant.