bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS VIA MULTI-FIDELITY SURROGATES AND STATISTICAL SENSITIVITY MEASURES
Authors: Gillcrist David J. , Alemazkoor Negin , Chen Yanlai , Tootkaboni Mazdak
Published: September 2024

Parameter estimation and optimal experimental design problems have been widely studied across science
and engineering. The two are inextricably linked, with optimally designed experiments leading to better-estimated parameters. This link becomes even more crucial when available experiments produce minimal data due to practical constraints of limited experimental budgets. This work presents a novel framework that allows for the identification of optimal experimental arrangement, from a finite set of possibilities, for precise parameter estimation. The proposed framework relies on two pillars. First, we use multi-fidelity modeling to create reliable surrogates that relate unknown parameters to a measurable quantity of interest for a multitude of available choices defined through a set of candidate control vectors. Secondly, we quantify the "estimation potential" of an arrangement from the set of control vectors through the examination of statistical sensitivity measures calculated from the constructed surrogates. The measures of sensitivity are defined using analysis of variance as well as directional statistics. Two numerical examples are provided, where we demonstrate how the correlation between the estimation potential and the frequency of precise parameter estimation can inform the choice of optimal arrangement.
Gravity-induced collapse of a soft rock cliff due to notch growth
Authors: Napoli Maria Lia , Barbero Monica , Mascioli Francesco , Miccadei Enrico
Published: September 2024

Cliff erosion is an unstoppable natural process increasingly occurring due to climate change and frequently causing crucial georisks on rocky coasts throughout the world. The resilience of a cliff depends on a variety of environmental, geometrical, geological and geotechnical conditions that have been included in several heuristic coastal hazard assessment approaches. In order to provide new quantitative insights into the relationship between some geometrical and structural characteristics of a sea cliff (height, basal erosion, discontinuities) and its stability conditions (failure mechanism, safety factor), this paper investigates numerically how the progressive undermining of a soft rock cliff affects its mechanical behaviour. It has been found that the undermining depth plays a significant role on cliff stability, whose mechanism of collapse changes according to the overhang slenderness. When a vertical joint is present, the higher the persistence, the lower the global safety factor. Moreover, as the joint moves away from the cliff face, the safety factor decreases, the worse condition being found when it is above the notch end. The results obtained can contribute to a deeper understanding of the failure mechanisms of sea cliffs, helping in a reliable assessment of coastal risk and a proper design of the mitigation measures.
Mechanical and durability performance of eco-friendly geopolymer-stabilized soil
Authors: Abed Mukhtar Hamid , Abed Firas Hamid , Abbas Israa Sabbar , Zareei Seyed Alireza , Canakci Hanifi , Kurdi Nahidh H.
Published: September 2024

This work compared the mechanical performance and the durability of clayey soil stabilized using mechanochemically activated geopolymer (MAG) with conventionally activated geopolymer (CAG). The effect of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) content on the long-term durability of geopolymer-stabilized soil has also been studied. The samples of geopolymer stabilized soils were immersed in 1% magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) solution for 60 and 120 days. The appearance, ultrasonic pulse velocity, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and FTIR spectroscopy of those samples were considered to evaluate their sulphate erosion resistance. Before the exposure to the MgSO4 solution, the UCS of MAG samples was higher (12%–45%) than that of CAG-stabilized soil. Furthermore, the strength of the geopolymer-stabilized soil improved by 114%, 247%, and 361%, at 50%, 75%, and 100% GGBS content, respectively. After exposure to the MgSO4 solution, the results showed that the mechanochemically activated geopolymer-stabilized soil has better resistance to sulphate erosion than the conventionally activated geopolymer-stabilized soil. The residual UCS for MAG and CAG samples were 93% and 89% when exposed to 1% magnesium sulphate solution for 60 days, whereas they declined to 70% and 58%, respectively, after 120 days of immersion.
The Inflation Accelerator
Authors: Blanco Andres , Boar Corina , Jones Callum , Midrigan Virgiliu
Published: September 2024

We develop a tractable sticky price model in which the fraction of price changesevolves endogenously over time and, consistent with the evidence, increases with inflation. Because we assume that firms sell multiple products and choose how many, but not which, prices to adjust in any given period, our model admits exact aggregation and reduces to a one-equation extension of the Calvo model. This additional equation determines the fraction of price changes. The model features a powerful inflation accelerator – a feedback loop between inflation and the fraction of price changes – which significantly increases the slope of the Phillips curve during periods of high inflation. Applied to the U.S. time series, our model predicts that the slope of the Phillips curve ranges from 0.02 in the 1990s to 0.12 in the 1970s and 1980s.
Co-creating enduring practitioner-researcher collaborations in multi-functional landscapes
Authors: Shackleton Sheona , du Plessis Pienaar , Sitas Nadia , Forbes Cherié , Methner Nadine
Published: September 2024

Collaboration between different disciplines, sectors and society is essential to tackle contemporary sustainability problems. This paper integrates learnings and reflections from a series of workshops and interviews conducted in the Berg-Breede landscape that explored the challenges and enablers to long-term, researcher-practitioner partnerships. We found several, often entrenched and systemic, challenges to working collectively and equitably within complex landscape spaces. From conversations on solutions to these hurdles, we distilled out four key enablers of enduring collaboration, drawing on critical moments of learning and understanding and thinking about how the benefits and values of collaboration can be leveraged and amplified. Our work illuminates how supporting enduring collaborations can help bridge the research-implementation gap to facilitate more equitable and resilient multi-functional landscapes.
Skills for the just energy transition: Is skills research ‘on track’?
Authors: Ramsarup Presha , Hepplethwaite Victoria , Poulton Wendy I.J. , Jenkin Nicola
Published: September 2024

There is widespread agreement that skills development is a vital dimension of the just energy transition (JET). Skills development for JET is rapidly emerging and involves complex inter-sectoral systems of skills development and new methods for demand analysis. Currently in South Africa, learning pathways into green jobs, enterprise development and more sustainable job options, including those required for JET at entry and technical levels, are unclear, ad hoc and fragmented. At best, we have fragmented offerings of courses and qualifications and few systemic approaches to skills analysis and development. There is also a narrow reliance on supply and demand discourses that are ill-fitting for the type of skills that need to be developed. Drawing on a group of regional and local studies focusing on skills supply and demand for JET, the paper analyses the responsiveness of skills systems, with specific focus on institutions and institutional arrangements that underpin skills planning and anticipation. The paper critiques the metaphor of ‘supply’ and ‘demand’, which, it argues, is the wrong lens, as it focuses attention on certain parts of the skills system dislocated from the broader conditions that they are imbedded in. We pose new methodological questions for engaged skills research that can enable a green and just future, and the systemic transformations that are needed to catalyse a low-carbon transition.
Citizen science tools for engaged research: Waterquality monitoring in remote communities
Authors: Nqowana Thandiswa , Fogel Ronen , Bezerra Joana C. , Limson Janice
Published: September 2024

Remote areas that lack conventional water-provisioning infrastructure often rely on rainwater harvesting, rivers, pans, reservoirs and borehole-extracted water to meet domestic water requirements. These water sources often have poor microbial quality and chemical composition, the quality of which is not routinely monitored. This study explored citizen science as a tool for Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, detailing the co-creation of a sustained community-based water quality monitoring program in collaboration with communities in villages in Amakhala Game Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Without access to other water sources, participants predominantly used rainwater for drinking and cooking (80%), while borehole water was mainly used for cleaning and gardening due to its salty or bitter taste. A hydrogen sulphide (H2S) water testing kit was used by the citizen scientists to monitor the water quality. The H2S kits were effective in estimating bacterial contamination, showing a proportional relationship with Colilert® test results conducted in a laboratory. The alignment observed between community-based monitoring results and those derived from scientist-led testing underscores the value of data produced through citizen science initiatives. Sustained participant engagement throughout this research reflected a sense of community empowerment through access to tools that inform their decision-making around water use and treatment as well as investment in the research, indicative of the perceived relevance of the research to community interests. This integration of transdisciplinary data sources holds promise for informing evidence-based decision-making processes, facilitating more effective and contextually informed water management strategies that value and integrate community perspectives alongside scientific insights.
A new name for Hoplitis (Alcidamea) truncata Wu, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Sheffield Cory Silas
Published: September 2024

Hoplitis (Alcidamea) wuae Sheffield, new name, is proposed to replace Hoplitis (Liosmia) truncata Wu, 1993, a name that has been preoccupied by Hoplitis truncata (Cresson, 1878) for over 100 years.
Bacterial and fungal DNA extraction protocol for long-read whole genome sequencing v1
Authors: Norest Manon , Guillerm-Erckelboudt Anne-Yvonne , Bartoli Claudia
Published: September 2024

In the context of the ERC Starting Grant HoloE2Plant N° 101039541 “Exploring the Holobiont concept through a Plant Evolutionary Experiment study”, long read bacterial and fungal reference genomes were performed with PacBio Sequel II technology. The purpose of these genomes is to help in the Synthetic Microbial Communities (SynComs) construction. As DNA extraction is a crucial step prior to obtain high-quality genomes, we developed a two-days DNA extraction protocol efficient for the extraction of High-Molecular-Weight (HMW) genomic DNA on both gram-positive/negative bacteria and fungi. To our knowledge, this is the first protocol enabling to extract HMW DNA from both bacteria and fungi. Our protocol was adapted from the four protocols provided in the references.
General methanogens: mcrA mlas-mod – mcrA-rev v1
Authors: Petrova Eva , Angel Roey
Published: September 2024

Amplification of the marker gene methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) using the general primers mlas-mod – mcrA-rev mlas-mod GGY GGT GTM GGD TTC ACM CAR TA Angel et al. (2011), Plos One mcrA-rev CGT TCA TBG CGT AGT TVG GRT AGT Steinberg and Regan (2008), AEM. Fragment size: 472bp.
16S Arc 109F-934R v1
Authors: Petrova Eva , Angel Roey
Published: September 2024

Amplification of the marker gene 16S rRNA for general Archaea using primers 109F-934R. 109F or ACK GCT CAG TAA CAC GT (target seq. 109 – 125) Grosskopf et al. (1998), 109F-modAHD GCT CAG TAA CAC RT (target seq. 109 – 125) Miyashita et al. (2009) 934R GTG CTC CCC CGC CAA TTC CT (target seq. 915 – 934) Grosskopf et al. (1998) Expected fragment size: 791bp
FEI Spirit Direct Alignments v1
Authors: Mackey Mason
Published: September 2024

The protocol outlines the step-by-step procedure for direct alignment of the FEI Spirit microscope, ensuring optimal performance for electron microscopy. The process includes specimen holder setup, high tension adjustment, and alignment of various components such as the beam, gun tilt, condenser astigmatism, and objective aperture. Specific attention is paid to maintaining eucentricity and optimizing beam shift and focus for high-resolution imaging.
Gastrointestinal parasites in common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) of urban protected areas in Antioquia, Colombia
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Hernández-Montoya Viviana , Navarro-Ruiz Leonardo ,   Universidad de Antioquia, López-Osorio Sara ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Chaparro-Gutiérrez Jenny J ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Ceballos Claudia P ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: September 2024

Background: The common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) is a generalist species that hosts several parasites. Nevertheless, no information is available on the specific parasites that this species may host when it inhabits urban areas. Objective: To evaluate the presence and frequency of gastrointestinal parasites of urban opossums in the Aburrá Valley, Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: A total of 70 opossums were captured in six protected urban areas using Tomahawk traps during six months. From these animals we obtained 65 fecal samples which were fixed wit SAF solution and analyzed with direct smear and sedimentation techniques. Results: Sixty-one samples were positive for, at least, one parasite (93.9%) and 60 were positive for two or more parasites, averaging five parasites per animal. We observed nematodes in 58 samples (89.2%), protozoa in 46 samples (70.7%), acanthocephalans in 29 samples (44.6%), and cestodes in eight samples (12.3%). The most frequent parasite was Aspidodera spp. in 80% of the samples. In addition, this is the first study reporting the presence of eggs of Toxocara spp., Hymenolepis spp., an Oxyuridae parasite, and coccidians Eimeria didelphidis, E. caluromydis, and E. marmosopos in D. marsupialis. The latter is also reported in Colombia for the first time. Toxacara spp. is common to dogs and cats, while Hymenolepis and Oxiuridae are common to rodents. We found no association between parasites and sex or life stage of opossums, nor to the urban area of origin. Conclusions: Urban opossums in the Aburrá Valley host a high frequency and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites compared to other areas in Latin America. Some parasites are reported here for the first time.
Evaluation of the functional activity and specificity of the hSLPI gene promoter
Authors: Dudkina Elena V. , Kosnyrev Alexander S. , Ulyanova Vera V. , Nadyrova Alsu I. , Morozova Polina S. , Kupriyanova Elena A. , Ilinskaya Olga N.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: One of the main problems of modern oncotherapy is the lack of selectivity of the antitumor drugs, leading to their systemic toxicity on the body. Targeted expression of therapeutic genes represents a new approach in cancer gene therapy. One of the ways to achieve the selectivity of action of the therapeutic genes towards tumor cells is the use of promoters that are active only in tumor cells, but not in normal cells.
AIM: To evaluate the functional activity and specificity of the promoter of the human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor hSLPI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The promoter of the hSLPI gene was cloned into the promotorless vector pTurboGFP-PRL. The functional activity and specificity of the promoter were assessed by the expression of the mRNA of the TurboGFP reporter gene and the intensity of its luminescence in A549, MCF-7, HeLa tumor cells and WI-38 normal cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription and fluorescence analysis, respectively.
RESULTS: Despite the literature data, the promoter of the hSLPIa gene demonstrated high transcriptional activity only against HeLa cervical cancer tumor cells. At the same time, in the cells of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and breast cancer MCF-7, as in normal WI-38 cells, a reduced level of promoter activity was observed.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained confirm the need for a preliminary assessment of the functional activity of tumor-specific promoters in relation to tumor and normal cells.
Risk factors of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreas resections: an observational retrospective study
Authors: Moshurov Ruslan I. , Potievskiy Mikhail B. , Trifanov Vladimir S. , Grishin Nikolai A. , Petrov Leonid O. , Sokolov Pavel V. , Ivanov Sergei A. , Shegai Petr V. , Kaprin Andrei D.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: The main complication of surgical pancreas interventions is the pancreatic fistula (PF) — abnormal secretion of pancreatic secretions into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to more severe complications. At the same time, some predictors of PF remain poorly understood.
AIM: To investigate the risk factors for the development of PF after distal pancreatic resection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 40 patients who underwent distal resection. The influence of various clinical parameters on the development of PF after surgery was evaluated. Methods of mathematical modeling and correlation analysis were used. Mathematical modeling was carried out using the Random forest machine learning algorithm, and the indicator of the relative importance of the “importance” parameters was evaluated.
RESULTS: According to the Random forest model, on day 1 after surgery, the most significant predictors of the development of PF were: the volume of neoplasm, age and stage of the oncological process, for which “importance” was 53.2, 13.7 and 12.5 (AUC ROC=62%); on day 3–5, “importance” was 61.7, 11.5 and 5.2 (AUC ROC=79%). An increase in the concentration of pancreatic amylase in blood plasma for 2–3 and 3–5 days correlated with its increase in the drainage discharge for 5-7 days after the intervention (r=0.48 and 0.76; p 0.05). A correlation was found between the level of amylase in the drainage discharge on 3–5 days after the intervention and the level of leukocytes according to the general blood test (r=0.62, p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: An increase in plasma amylase levels is the main risk factor for the development of PF. An increase in the concentration of amylase in the drainage discharge can be considered as a potential risk factor for the development of pancreatic fistulas with clinical manifestations in the following days. The stage of the oncological process, the size of the neoplasm and the age of the patient are also risk factors.
Ways to improve the results of conservative therapy of malignant tumors of the head and neck organs. Part I. The current state of the issue (review)
Authors: Kurpeshev Orazakhmet K.
Published: September 2024

The review analyzes the results of conservative therapy of patients with the head and neck cancer. Despite the use of modern radiation and drug technologies, the results of treatment of locally advanced forms of head and neck cancers and relapses are not satisfactory. The most effective is the simultaneous use of modified radiation and chemotherapy regimens. However, the implementation of the treatment plan with this method is limited to the development of pronounced early and late toxic effects on normal tissues and organs. The radiosensitizing effect of targeted therapy was also analyzed.
The use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and assessment of postgraduate students in pathology and microbiology
Authors: Das Dipmala , Roy Asitava Deb , Dasgupta Subhayan , Roy Rohon Das
Published: September 2024

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) into the educational landscape is revolutionizing the training of postgraduate students, particularly in the diagnostic fields such as pathology and microbiology. While the benefits of generative AI are substantial, there are significant challenges to address. Ethical considerations, such as data privacy and bias, must be carefully managed to ensure equitable educational opportunities. Technical challenges, including the need for significant infrastructure and faculty training, also pose barriers to implementation. Additionally, resistance to change from both educators and students accustomed to traditional teaching methods must be overcome through demonstrating the tangible benefits of AI and providing adequate support during the transition period.

Generative AI offers transformative potential for the teaching and assessment of postgraduate students in pathology and microbiology. By enhancing learning experiences, streamlining assessments, and providing personalized education, AI-driven tools can significantly improve the quality and accessibility of pathology education. However, addressing ethical and technical challenges is crucial to ensuring successful integration. As AI technologies continue to evolve, they will play an increasingly vital role in shaping the future of pathology and microbiology education, ultimately leading to better-prepared professionals and improved patient care.

This narrative review explores the multifaceted applications of generative AI in enhancing the teaching and assessment of postgraduate students in these disciplines. By providing personalized learning experiences, simulating complex scenarios, and automating assessments, AI-driven tools promise to significantly improve educational outcomes. This review delves into the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of AI in pathology and microbiology education, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of its transformative potential.
Supporting Sustainable Healthcare Education in Ras Al Khaimah: Barriers and Possibilities
Authors: Smith Lydia , maluch Jessica , mohsen Rasha
Published: September 2024

The development of a sustainable healthcare sector is a strategic priority for the United Arab Emirates (UAE). To support this, the Government of Ras Al Khaimah established higher education merit scholarships to assist talent and create a strong pipeline for the labor market. Despite this aid, many healthcare students are leaving the Emirate for their training and early career development. This policy brief discusses a recent study's findings to understand the individual decisions of students and graduates and unpacks the current systemic barriers. The findings suggest that scholarship students and graduates are attracted by the professional, social, and economic benefits of studying and completing their internships and residencies in larger emirates. However, the lack of internship and residency opportunities in Ras Al Khaimah creates a systemic limitation for early career graduates to develop professionally. Overall, this study reveals that systemic development through the increase of emirate-based opportunities is vital for the sustainability of the healthcare sector.
Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Shetty Vijay , Kashelkar Priyanka , Punatar Sachin , Haldipurkar Suhas , Hoshing Abhishek , Thakur Rasika , Sankhe Prachi , Tanwar Shabnam , Haldipurkar Tanvi , Singh Setia Maninder , Gokarn Anant , Nayak Lingaraj , Bonda Avinash , Khattry Navin
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To evaluate clinical presentation of chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), laterality of presentation, and longitudinal changes in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 60 eyes from 30 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Demographic characteristics, clinical history, comorbidities, and other organ involvements were taken into account for analysis. We also undertook complete evaluation of the eyes, including cornea and anterior segment, posterior segment, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, ocular surface disease index, and intraocular pressure.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.3 ± 11 years. The mean time for the diagnosis of ocular GVHD was 232.8 days (95% CI: 153.6, 311.9). The common findings at the first visit were bilateral blepharitis (n = 5, 17%), meibomitis (n = 4, 13%), and conjunctival congestion (n = 3, 10%). While bilateral cataract was present in one (3%) patient at the first visit, at 18 months, five (17%) patients had bilateral cataract and one (3%) patient had unilateral cataract. Grade 1 (n = 17), grade 2 (n = 9), and grade 3 (n = 4) superficial punctate epithelial erosions (SPEEs) were also observed at the first visit. However, SPEEs were seen in only 11 eyes at 18 months; all of these cases were grade 1 SPEEs. Long-term findings included cataract, telangiectasia, blepharospasm, conjunctival congestion, grade 1 SPEEs, corneal filaments, and tear film debris.
Conclusion: Although the initial presentations were SPEEs, meibomitis, blepharitis, and conjunctival congestion, these inflammatory conditions were reduced over time with proper management. However, there was an increase in the proportion of patients with cataract. It is important to regularly monitor these patients in order to identify and manage the initial as well as the late ocular manifestations of chronic GVHD.
Evaluation of Foveal Vasculature by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography after Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation versus Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections
Authors: Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Ahmadi Amin , Sadeghi Reza , Mirghorbani Masoud , Ghassemi Fariba , Zarei Mohammad , Khojasteh Hassan , Bayan Nikoo , Faghihi Hooshang , Pour Elias Khalili , Mirshahi Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to compare macular vascular changes one and three months after treatment with either panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).
Methods: A total of 62 eyes with very severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy without center-involved diabetic macular edema, were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-nine eyes were allocated to the PRP group, while 23 eyes were treated with IVB. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed to measure foveal avascular zone (FAZ) characteristics as well as the densities of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP).
Results: In the IVB group, the FAZ area and perimeter expanded at month one but returned to baseline level after three months. In the PRP group, however, the FAZ area and perimeter were rather steady. Changes in the FAZ area were significantly different between the treatment groups at month one (P = 0.02), but not at month three (P = 0.31). There was no significant difference in the change in FAZ circularity index between the two groups at each time point (P = 0.55 and P = 0.31). Similarly, changes in SCP density were not statistically significant between the two groups at both time points (all Ps > 0.05). A comparison of the two treatment arms based on the mean change in DCP density revealed a significant difference at month one, but not at month three (P = 0.01 and P = 0.49, respectively).
Conclusion: Although bevacizumab and PRP have different short-term macular vascular responses, both therapies have the ability to normalize or stabilize vascular measures over time.
Doxycycline versus Curcumin for Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Activity Following Chemically Induced Inflammation in Corneal Cells
Authors: Zareh Hamed , Shahriary Alireza , Razei Ali , Ameri Rouhollah , Fasihi-Ramandi Mehdi , Aghamollaei Hossein
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent blistering agent. This alkylating chemical agent has extremely toxic effects on the eye. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the two most important matrix metalloproteinase enzymes involved in the pathology of chemical eye injuries. Curcumin is regarded as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. This study aims to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin versus doxycycline on chemically induced corneal injuries. Methods: The HCE-2 cell line was used as a model for corneal cells. The effective concentrations of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) – as an analog of SM – doxycycline, and curcumin were determined using the MTT assay. The gene expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) was evaluated by the real-time PCR method. Also, the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes was determined by zymography. Results: The expression of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes increased 5- and 3.3-fold after exposure to CEES, respectively. Following the treatment with curcumin and doxycycline, MMP- 2 expression decreased significantly. Also, after treatment with curcumin and doxycycline, the MMP-9 expression decreased 2.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively. The reduction in activity was 32% for MMP-2 and 56% for MMP-9 after treatment with curcumin. The corresponding values were 12% and 40% following doxycycline treatment. There was no significant difference between the effects of curcumin and doxycycline on reducing MMP-2 expression, but the difference was statistically significant in the case of MMP-9. Conclusion: Doxycycline and curcumin can inhibit MMP expression and activity in chemically exposed corneal cells. Curcumin has a greater ability than doxycycline to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP- 9 enzymes; however, the difference is statistically significant only in the case of MMP-9. After further validation, these substances can be introduced as anti- inflammatory agents to treat corneal chemical burns.
Investigating Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Prone Position Spinal Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rahangdale Aneesh , Fernandez Elise , S Weinberg Douglas , Fleischman David
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative positioning and ocular immobility on the amount of cerebrospinal fluid around the optic nerve in patients undergoing prone spinal surgery by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ultrasound. Methods: Consecutive participants (n = 15 patients, 30 eyes) were scanned preoperatively, intraoperatively approximately 20 minutes before the end of the surgery, and postoperatively in the post-anesthesia care unit at least 10 min after the completion of the surgery at one academic hospital. Results: On average, patients who underwent prone spinal surgery had a 21% increase in ONSD intraoperatively, with a positive time-dependent relationship with the overall length of surgery (P < 0.001). ONSDs postoperatively returned to baseline and were not significantly different from preoperative measurements. Conclusion: Our findings suggest pooling and inadequate clearance of perioptic cerebrospinal fluid during prone spinal surgery that improves following termination of the procedure and return of the patient to an upright position.
Immune Checkpoints and Graves’ Disease, Thyroid Eye Disease, and Orbital Myopathy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Souri Zahra , Pakdel Farzad
Published: September 2024

Immune checkpoints (ICPs) are essential regulators of the immune system, ensuring a delicate balance between self-tolerance and autoimmune responses. ICP therapy is a rapidly growing cancer treatment strategy that inhibits the interaction between ICPs and their ligands. This biological interaction increases the ability of the immune system in combating cancer. However, in some cases, the use of these agents may lead to immune hyperactivity and, subsequently, autoimmune diseases. Graves’ disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), and orbital myopathy are complex autoimmune disorders characterized by the production of autoantibodies. The emergence of these treatment-related adverse events underscore the critical need for a deeper understanding of the immune-checkpoint axis in autoimmune diseases. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the biological mechanisms of ICPs that are most frequently targeted in cancer therapy, including CTLA-4, PD-1, PDL-1, and LAG3. Furthermore, we investigate the latest scientific findings on the adverse events associated with the inhibition of these ICPs. This paper will particularly focus on the potential risks these complications pose to ocular and orbital tissues, which are a concern in the context of cancer treatment.
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Misuse in the Fitness Industry
Authors: Nyssanbayeva Kulman , Abdulla Venera , Andassova Zhanar , Glushkova Natalya
Published: September 2024

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic variations of the male sex hormone testosterone. They mimic testosterone’s effects, primarily promoting muscle growth (anabolic effects) and enhancing male traits (androgenic effects). The misuse of AAS has extended beyond high-performance athletes and is now prevalent among the general population, particularly among fitness and gym enthusiasts. Epidemiological data highlight the widespread abuse of these substances, driven by the aspiration to enhance muscle mass, strength, and overall physical performance. The misuse of AAS in the fitness industry poses significant health risks and ethical concerns. This review highlights the prevalence, consequences, and prevention strategies related to AAS misuse in the fitness industry.
Örgütsel Demokrasi Algısı Sessizliğin Kilidini Açar Mı?
Authors: Ünlüer Yusuf Oktay , Yılmaz Abdullah
Published: September 2024

Sessizlik sarmalı ve sosyal mübadele kuramları üzerine inşa edilen, nicel ve görgül bir tasarıma sahip bu araştırmada, “Örgütlerdeki demokrasi algısı çalışanların sessizlik tutumlarını etkiler mi?” ve “Muhtemel bir etkinin yönü nedir?” sorularından hareketle örgütsel demokrasi algısının örgütsel sessizlik tutumu üzerindeki etkisinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda veriler, Konya ili merkez ilçelerinde görev yapan 430 lise öğretmeninden anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 29 ve AMOS 24 programları aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, lise öğretmenlerinin örgütsel demokrasi algılarının ilişkisel sessizlik tutumları üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkisinin olduğu tespit edilirken, örgütsel demokrasi algısının bireysel sessizlik tutumu üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi ortaya konulamamıştır. Bu bulgular ile araştırmanın ulusal literatüre katkı sağlayacağı ve sonraki çalışmalar için tartışma zemini oluşturacağı umulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Örgütsel Demokrasi, Örgütsel Sessizlik, Bireysel Sessizlik, İlişkisel Sessizlik, Sessizlik Sarmalı
JEL Sınıflandırması: D23, L20, M14
The Compatibility of the Late Ottoman Economy Politics with the Real Economy
Authors: Çamlı Ahmet Yavuz
Published: September 2024

Two dynamics have been influential on the basic thought that refers to the political economy of the Ottoman State in the recent period. These are the modern economic thought of Western origin, which emerged in parallel with traditional thought, and the national economic thought that emerged and developed as a reaction to this. The first trend, liberalization, was driven by the idea of free trade or commercial capitalism. The aim of this study is to reveal to what extent the political economy, which has developed depending on economic thought, has been assimilated in the commercial field within the framework of the real economy. According to the findings obtained from current research, the ideological thought that forms the framework of Ottoman economic thought has recently been shaped in line with Ottomanism, Islamism and Turkism movements. It can be argued that the recent political economy and subsequent activities aimed to keep the state afloat according to the conditions of the period. It can be said that these commercial activities are in the style of periodic practices and discourses that are produced quickly, do not have much philosophical depth, and have political and ideological aspects.
Key Words: Ottoman, Ottoman Economic Thought, Ottoman Economy Politics,
JEL Sınıflandırması: A14, B00, E60
Biomedical model, reductionism and their consequences for body perception
Authors: Wieczorkowska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Modern medicine is constantly evolving, enabling the early detection of diseases, offering various treatment options, protecting against undesirable conditions and providing advanced pharmacological solutions. The 19th century biomedical model, which prevailed into the 20th century, has greatly improved our understanding of the human body and the causes of disease. Despite the introduction of other models, such as the bio-psycho-social and the patient-centered model, the biomedical model remains an integral part of evidence-based medicine (EBM). It leads to various consequences such as specialization, biological determinism, the victim-blaming approach, reductionism and objectification. The article uses phenomenology as an analytical framework. Two research questions were posed: 1) How does the biomedical model influence the fragmentation of patient care? 2) What influence does the biomedical model have on the perception of the patient’s body? The main argument is that the medical model of disease is still influential in the fields of research, education and medical practice and, with the advances of evidence-based medicine, influences the perception of the patient’s body. The article is based on a literature review and aims to show the non-obvious connection between medical progress and body perception. The analysis has shown that the biomedical model influences the fragmentation of patient care through increasing professional reductionism and specialization, leading to an objectification of the body that can be made by both doctors and patients.
Trudności we wspólnocie religijnej z perspektywy członków wspólnoty „Ruch Światło-Życie”
Authors: Waszkiewicz Patryk
Published: September 2024

Artykuł prezentuje rzadko poruszaną kwestię w badaniach nad grupami religijnymi, jakimi są problemy wewnętrzne, z którymi mierzą się wspólnoty katolickie w czasie funkcjonowania i podejmowanej działalności. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały trudności związane z hierarchią, organizacją wewnętrzną, wątpliwościami religijnymi oraz relacjami pomiędzy członkami konkretnej wspólnoty religijnej. Wnioski zostały przygotowane w oparciu o wypowiedzi osób świeckich odpowiedzialnych za wspólnotę „Ruch Światło-Życie”. W badaniu zastosowano metodologię badań jakościowych. Materiał badawczy uzyskano za pomocą techniki wywiadu swobodnego mało ukierunkowanego. Wnioski z przeprowadzonego badania mogą dostarczyć nową perspektywę w patrzeniu na wspólnotę religijną, a co za tym idzie, wskazać nowy, do tej pory niepopularny problem związany z działalnością grup i ruchów religijnych, możliwy do rozwinięcia w przyszłych badaniach.
Representaciones semióticas en el álgebra escolar: una revisión sistemática de la literatura entre 2013-2022
Authors: Vásquez-Alvial Isabella , Flores-Francino Kevin , Prieto-González Juan Luis
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el estado actual del uso de diferentes representaciones semióticas en investigaciones de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje del álgebra escolar realizadas entre 2013 y 2022. Dada su naturaleza, los estudiantes pueden acceder a los objetos matemáticos solo mediante representaciones, haciendo uso de signos y símbolos. El carácter predominantemente simbólico que presenta el estado de la matemática moderna hace pertinente cuestionarse la forma en que los estudiantes se apropian del conocimiento matemático. Para conocer el estado actual del uso de representaciones semióticas en el álgebra escolar por parte de estudiantes de educación media, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, bajo un enfoque Prisma, que implicó un análisis de las temáticas y las fundamentaciones teóricas expuestas en los artículos tratados. Con esto se dio respuesta a qué tan diversas son las representaciones y qué principios teóricos respaldan los artículos. Asimismo, la revisión sistemática realizada revela una escasa investigación entre 2013 y 2022, un bajo porcentaje de estudios en América Latina, una diversidad notable en registros semióticos en la categoría de diseño y una fuerte preferencia por teorías socioculturales.
Enfoque por competencias en la formación técnica: estudio de caso sobre el ITSC y el Infotep en la República Dominicana
Authors: Martínez-Nova Juan Antonio , Gil-Quintana Javier , Hueso-Romero Javier
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio tiene como propósito general medir la relevancia del enfoque por competencias en las prácticas de enseñanza en la formación técnico profesional en la República Dominicana. Se centra en dos instituciones de educación técnico profesional: el Instituto Técnico Superior Comunitario (ITSC) y el Instituto Nacional de Formación Técnico Profesional (Infotep). Los participantes del estudio fueron integrantes del estudiantado y del equipo docente de ambos institutos. Los resultados muestran que tanto el ITSC como el Infotep tienen una alta valoración en el rango de indicadores medidos dentro de la categoría de aspectos pedagógicos.
Los Cetpro como alternativa para fortalecer la productividad del capital humano y la transitabilidad a la educación superior de grupos en condiciones de vulnerabilidad en el Perú
Authors: Gavino Ramírez Thalía Amelita , Gutierrez Huanca Piera Angela
Published: September 2024

El Estado peruano ha desarrollado políticas de carácter nacional que abordan en gran medida a aquella población que busca acceder a la educación técnico-productiva (ETP); sin embargo, resultan ser insuficientes en este contexto para abordar un problema público complejo: el acceso a la etapa de educación técnica en su nivel más elemental. Ello, en gran medida, porque aquella población que trata de acceder a los centros de educación técnico-productiva (Cetpro) como una alternativa más pertinente, no necesariamente encuentra las condiciones más adecuadas, siendo percibida como una opción poco atractiva. Por otro lado, la transitabilidad de la educación básica hacia la educación superior, considerando a los Cetpro como una modalidad articuladora, no se presenta como una ventana de oportunidades para contar con una población competitiva en el mercado laboral.
The effect of using Quizlet in improving critical thinking skills for fifth-grade students at SDN Sayabulu
Authors: Parlina Estiana , Sutarjo Ajo , Hanif Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to see the effect of Quizlet on the critical thinking skills of fifth graders at SDN Sayabulu. Initially, the researchers interviewed the homeroom teacher and one of the fifth-grade students of SDN Sayabulu where the teacher's learning process was more often taught using conventional methods with the help of book media; students' interest in learning can be reduced because one of the media is less varied. From the interview result, researchers used alternative learning media Quizlet with flashcards, test, and write features so that students could understand, analyze, identify, and evaluate questions. Researchers used a quantitative method in the form of a one-group pre-test and post-test to compare the critical thinking of fifth-grade students at SDN Sayabulu before and after treatment with Quizlet in one group or class. The results of the study using Quizlet for learning media showed a significant increase; this was in the calculation of the paired sample t-test with the results of the significant value, meaning that the learning media was accepted, and Quizlet improved critical thinking of students' class V SDN Sayabulu. 
Keywords: Critical thinking; learning media; Quizlet
Digital Infant Formula Marketing, Breastfeeding, and Formula Use: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hilliard Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Objective:Digital infant formula marketing may be prevalent and difficult to track. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of and the target audience for digital infant formula marketing.

Methods:This cross-sectional study included three “arms”: parents enrolled in a breastfeeding-friendly text messaging program, unenrolled parents, and nonparents. Participants documented all digital infant formula, baby food, or parent/baby club marketing over a 24-hour period and were offered a $20 incentive. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samplettests, and χ2analyses.

Results:All groups reported viewing more infant formula ads than for other products, but parents viewed more ads than nonparents. Parents who reported they were still breastfeeding and parents who reported using any infant formula reported viewing fewer ads (p< .05).

Conclusions:This study supports the hypothesis that infant formula manufacturers target parents. Practitioners need awareness of formula marketing tactics to balance the infant feeding narrative.
Relación entre el compromiso agéntico y apoyo a la autonomía en estudiantes de primaria
Authors: Mejia Nathalia , López Natalia , Ochoa-Angrino Solanlly
Published: September 2024

Este artículo de investigación tiene por objetivo analizar las interacciones de apoyo a la autonomía entre docente-estudiante que favorecen la emergencia de compromiso agéntico en estudiantes de primaria. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa de modalidad no experimental. Participaron 5 profesores y 176 estudiantes de un colegio privado en la ciudad de Pasto. Se utilizó como método la observación de 15 videos de clase, 3 por cada grado. Se usaron dos pautas de observación: el Sistema de Observación de Promoción de la Autonomía y la Pauta de Observación de Compromiso Agéntico. Se evidenció la emergencia de un total de 507 interacciones de compromiso agéntico, correspondientes principalmente a responder Inquietudes (73.4%) y hacer requerimientos (19.1%). Se observa un mayor apoyo a la autonomía en los momentos previos a la emergencia del compromiso agéntico, comparado con los momentos posteriores. Se concluye que las interacciones docentes de apoyo a la autonomía que promueven el compromiso agéntico se caracterizan por enfocarse en el estudiante, permitiéndoles tomar un rol activo en su proceso de aprendizaje.
A Composição de um Rigor sem Órgãos por meio de uma Ópera de Movimentos Aberrantes
Authors: Gomes Danilo Olímpio , Miarka Roger
Published: September 2024

Este artigo se propõe a assumir discursos enunciados sobre o rigor, multiplicando-os em possibilidades para produzir o conceito de rigor sem órgãos, para ser operado em diferentes espaços disciplinares, de acordo com uma regra de funcionamento, mais como arma de invenção de outras formas de vida na relação com um rigor do que como ferramenta de reprodução de relações (de poder) com o rigor.  Para isso, vale-se dos restos discursivos visibilizados na dissertação de mestrado A Disciplina de Análise segundo Licenciandos e Professores de Matemática da Educação Básica (Gomes, 2013) e do exercício de problematização e produção do conceito de rigor sem órgãos, promovido pela tese de doutorado Rigor sem Órgãos: em meio a relações discursivas, (r)ex(s)istências possíveis (Gomes, 2020), em um percurso que não deseja territorializar-se em nenhum espaço específico, mas correr por terras, ora conhecidas ora desconhecidas. Como proposta estética, opta-se por uma estrutura de ópera como forma política de experimentação narrativa, motivada não apenas pelos gostos pessoais dos autores, mas por reconhecer a potência de operar com outras formas de organização do conhecimento que podem levar quem lê a mobilizar outros afetos.