bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct gene expression patterns for CD14++ and CD16++ monocytes in preeclampsia
Authors: Vishnyakova Polina , Kuznetsova Maria , Poltavets Anastasiya , Fomina Mariia , Kiseleva Viktoriia , Muminova Kamilla , Potapova Alena , Khodzhaeva Zulfiya , Pyregov Alexey , Trofimov Dmitry , Elchaninov Andrey , Sukhikh Gennady , Fatkhudinov Timur
Published: September 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious gestational complication affecting the life of a mother and child. The immunophenotype and gene expression profile of isolated blood monocyte subpopulations of pregnant women with PE have not been studied before. In this work, we assessed changes in CD14++ and CD16++ monocyte subpopulations in PE and physiological pregnancy (n = 33). Immunophenotyping, immunomagnetic sorting of monocytes and analysis of the transcriptional profile of their genes were carried out. The percentage of classical monocytes was significantly lower, while the intermediate fraction of monocytes was significantly higher in late-onset PE compared to control. Transcriptome analysis of late-onset PE classical CD14++ monocytes revealed significant activation of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways; apoptosis; regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress and others. The most suppressed signalling pathways were associated with T cell activation and selection. In CD16++ monocytes of late-onset PE cases, positive regulation of cell–cell adhesion, integrin signalling pathway, blood coagulation cascade were the most activated ones. The inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway and p53 pathway were the most down-regulated in CD16++ monocytes. The obtained results indicate profound changes occurring to two most polar monocyte subpopulations in PE and their different roles in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Molecular insights on ar-turmerone as a structural, functional and pharmacophoric analogue of synthetic mosquito repellent DEET by comprehensive computational assessment
Authors: Rao Priyashi , Goswami Dweipayan , Rawal Rakesh M.
Published: September 2022

Mosquitoes are vectors for a variety of infectious illnesses, and chemical synthetic insecticides have made it possible to control them effectively. Mosquito repellents are a typical means of keeping mosquitos at bay. Because of its main effectiveness of skin permeability,N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most extensively used mosquito repellents but a dangerous synthetic chemical. DEET was identified about a decade ago to inhibit mosquito's Odorant Binding Protein 1 (OBP1), impairing the mosquito's ability to recognise the host body odour. OBP1 has been identified as a possible target for the development of new mosquito repellents since its discovery. Essential oils from different plants, on the other hand, have been used to repel mosquitos since antiquity. One essential oil from theCurcuma longa(Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) rhizome display mosquito repellent properties, according to the literature. Furthermore, one of the phytochemicals found in abundance inC. longaessential oil, ar-turmerone, exhibits mosquito repellency as comparable to synthetic DEET. Till date studies onin-silicointeraction of natural ar-turmerone with OBP1, which we depict in our current work are scarce. Further, there exist no published reports demonstrating the literary evidence on detailed insights of interaction of DEET with OBP1 along with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies. We further performed detailed molecular investigations using pharmacophore analysis of ar-turmerone and compared it with DEET, where our findings in the current manuscript unveils for the first time that ar-turmerone is a functional, structural and pharmacophoric analogue of DEET.
Non-linearity of secondary pollutant formation estimated from emissions data and measured precursor-secondary pollutant relationships
Authors: Harrison Roy M. , Beddows David C. S. , Tong Chengxu , Damayanti Seny
Published: September 2022

In order to predict the impacts of reductions in air pollutant emissions, it is important to know whether secondary pollutant concentrations will decline in direct proportion to the reduction in their precursor, referred to as linearity. Trends in airborne concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and SOC at sites in southern England are compared with emissions and concentration trends for sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and non-methane VOC, and show some increased ratios of concentrations to emissions, strongly suggestive of non-linearity in the primary-secondary pollutant relationships for nitrate, but not the other pollutants. Analysis of a further 20-year dataset from the AGANET network shows a decline of nitrate concentrations significantly lower than that of NOx emissions and ambient NOx concentrations. For sulfate, the decline lies between that of emissions and airborne concentrations of SO2. Back trajectory analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function mapping for 2014–2018 show that the highest concentrations of secondary constituents in southern England are associated with air masses originating in mainland Europe, with 42% of sulfate, 55% of nitrate, and 35% of SOC estimated to be associated with air masses entering the UK from the European mainland.
The ultrafast vibronic dynamics of ammonia's D̃ state
Authors: Waters Max D. J. , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: September 2022

Ultrafast internal vibrational relaxation is observed in ammonia's D̃ state on a timescale of less than 100 fs. This is a highly surprising observation, and has been revealed through vibronically sensitive time-resolved photoelectron measurements.
Impact of solvent interactions on1H and13C chemical shifts investigated using DFT and a reference dataset recorded in CDCl3and CCl4
Authors: Stadelmann Thomas , Balmer Chantal , Riniker Sereina , Ebert Marc-Olivier
Published: September 2022

1H and13C chemical shifts of 35 small, rigid molecules were measured under standardized conditions in CDCl3and in CCl4. Specific solvent interactions lead to chemical shift differences that cannot be reproduced by DFT in implicit solvent.
Air oxidation-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of mixed-valence tetranuclear Fe(ii)–Fe(iii) complexes
Authors: Shin Jong Won , Ullah Ihsan , Tokunaga Ryuya , Hayami Shinya , Min Kil Sik
Published: September 2022

We synthesized a mixed-valence tetranuclear complex and observed air oxidation-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of the complex through oxidation of Fe(ii) to Fe(iii), deprotonation, and ligand exchange.
A highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of sulfides derived from an open-framework copper borovanadate containing a unique crown-shaped anion
Authors: Feng Yuquan , Zhong Zhiguo , Meng Zhaohui , Ma Keshuan , Wang Hongwei , Feng Xun , Wang Suhong , Yue Zilong , Zeng Zhaoge , Zhang Shuhan
Published: September 2022

The novel open-framework copper borovanadate possesses high stability in a wide pH range of 3.2–10.8 and exhibits excellent catalytic activities for selective oxidation of sulfides.
A comparative analysis of the efficiency, timing, and permanence of CO2 removal pathways
Authors: Chiquier Solene , Patrizio Piera , Bui Mai , Sunny Nixon , Mac Dowell Niall
Published: September 2022

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is essential to deliver the climate objectives of the Paris Agreement. Whilst several CDR pathways have been identified, they vary significantly in terms of CO2 removal efficiency, timing, and permanence.
Enabling orders of magnitude sensitivity improvement for quantification of Ga in a Ce matrix with a compact Echelle spectrometer
Authors: Rao Ashwin P. , Jenkins Phillip R. , Auxier John D. , Shattan Michael B. , Patnaik Anil K.
Published: September 2022

A compact, high-resolution Echelle spectrometer yields two orders-of-magnitude improvements in sensitivity for quantifying gallium in plutonium surrogate optical emission spectra.
MagPure chip: an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device for high purification of circulating tumor cells from liquid biopsies
Authors: Descamps Lucie , Garcia Jessica , Barthelemy David , Laurenceau Emmanuelle , Payen Léa , Le Roy Damien , Deman Anne-Laure
Published: September 2022

The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood, as a liquid biopsy, could lead to a paradigm shift in cancer care. The MagPure chip provides a powerful tool for subsequent purification of CTCs and dissection of their clinical information.
Computer vision enabled funnel adapted sensing tube (FAST) for power-free and pipette-free nucleic acid detection
Authors: Bao Mengdi , Zhang Shuhuan , ten Pas Chad , Dollery Stephen J. , Bushnell Ruth V. , Yuqing F. N. U. , Liu Rui , Lu Guoyu , Tobin Gregory J. , Du Ke
Published: September 2022

A simple, portable, and low-cost microfluidic system-funnel adapted sensing tube (FAST) is developed as an integrated, power-free, and pipette-free biosensor for viral nucleic acids.
Nanovector-mediated exogenous delivery of dsRNA induces silencing of target genes in very young tomato flower buds
Authors: Molesini B. , Pennisi F. , Cressoni C. , Vitulo N. , Dusi V. , Speghini A. , Pandolfini T.
Published: September 2022

We propose a method to deliver nanoparticle-coupled dsRNA to tomato flower buds to silence endogenous genes.
Enhancing the antibacterial activity of near-infrared light-triggered photothermal therapy using hybrid Au/ZnSe nanodumbbells
Authors: Wang Dong , Bi Xinze , Ji Lei , Fan Yu , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Jiatao
Published: September 2022

Hybrid plasmonic Au/ZnSe nanodumbbell heterostructures prevent the contact of hot electrons with the surrounding medium, resulting in higher PT conversion efficiency.
O and N co-doped porous carbon derived from crop waste for a high-stability all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Wu Fengyu , Ren Xue , Tian Fenyang , Han Guanghui , Sheng Jie , Yu Yongsheng , Liu Yequn , Yang Weiwei
Published: September 2022

The SPC/700 °C/3-based all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance as well as excellent long-term cycling stability.
Recycling NR/SBR waste using probe sonication as a new devulcanizing method; study on influencing parameters
Authors: Shabani Marzieh , Jamshidi Masoud
Published: September 2022

In this work, a vulcanized blend of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (i.e. at weight ratio of 50 : 50) as a model for tire rubber was devulcanized using probe sonicationP.
Selective separation of planar and non-planar hydrocarbons using an aqueous Pd6 interlocked cage
Authors: Chakraborty Debsena , Saha Rupak , Clegg Jack K. , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: September 2022

We report here a triply interlocked cage with the ability to encapsulate planar guests in aqueous medium. This property was then employed to efficiently separate planar and non-planar aromatic hydrocarbons by aqueous extraction.
Highly stretchable and flexible supercapacitors based on electrospun PEDOT:SSEBS electrodes
Authors: Kolathodi Muhamed Shareef , Akbarinejad Alireza , Tollemache Cherie , Zhang Peikai , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka
Published: September 2022

Highly stretchable and flexible symmetrical supercapacitors are constructed from conductive polymer-infused electrospun microfibers and freeze/thawed PVA-H2SO4 gel electrolyte.
A high-thermopower ionic hydrogel for intelligent fire protection
Authors: Jiang Changcheng , Lai Xuejun , Wu Zhengzhong , Li Hongqiang , Zeng Xingrong , Zhao Yinan , Zeng Qingtao , Gao Jiefeng , Zhu Yurong
Published: September 2022

A multifunctional ionic hydrogel with high thermopower, sensitive fire warning, excellent flame retardancy and strain-sensing performance.
Atomic order transition of TiNiPt nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes for the stable hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Mengni , He Mengdi , Wei Xinyu , Gong Shen , Luo Liuxiong , Li Teng , Tang Shanguang , Zhu Zhenghong
Published: September 2022

TiNiPt nano-alloy particles overcome the kinetic energy barrier and undergo atomic level transformation, exhibiting excellent HER activity and stability.
Reconstructing AGN X-ray spectral parameter distributions with Bayesian methods
Authors: Ge Lingsong , Paltani Stéphane , Eckert Dominique , Salvato Mara
Published: September 2022

We present a new Bayesian method for reconstructing the parent distributions of X-ray spectral parameters of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in large surveys. The method uses the probability distribution function (PDF) of posteriors obtained by fitting a consistent physical model to each object with a Bayesian method. The PDFs are often broadly distributed and may present systematic biases, such that naive point estimators or even some standard parametric modeling are not sufficient to reconstruct the parent population without obvious bias. Our method uses a transfer function computed from a large realistic simulation with the same selection as in the actual sample to redistribute the stacked PDF and then forward-fit a nonparametric model to it in a Bayesian way, so that the biases in the PDFs are properly taken into account. In this way, we are able to accurately reconstruct the parent distributions. We apply our spectral fitting and population inference methods to the XMM-COSMOS survey as a pilot study. For the 819 AGN detected in the COSMOS field, 663 (81%) of which have spectroscopic redshifts (spec-z) and the others high-quality photometric redshifts (photo-z), we find prominent bi-modality with widely separated peaks in the distribution of the absorbing hydrogen column density (NH) and an indication that absorbed AGN have harder photon indices. A clear decreasing trend of the absorbed AGN fraction versus the intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity is observed, but there is no clear evolution in the absorbed fraction with redshift. Our method is designed to be readily applicable to large AGN samples such as the XXL survey, and eventually eROSITA.
Design and analysis of SAW pressure sensing element based on IDT/AlN/Mo/diamond multilayered structure
Authors: Ma Xiaoxin , Xiao Qiang , Fan Yanping , Ji Xiaojun
Published: September 2022

The multilayer structure of surface acoustic wave sensor is an important development direction of surface acoustic wave devices in recent years. In this paper, the IDT/AlN/Mo/diamond structure of surface acoustic wave pressure sensing element is modeled and simulated. The influence of the thickness of AlN and IDT on pressure coefficient frequency andK2were simulated and analyzed. The performance of surface acoustic wave pressure sensing element is compared when the metal layer is Mo, no metal layer and the metal layer is Pt. Finally, the relationship between frequency variation and pressure of the designed multilayer surface acoustic wave pressure sensing element is obtained. This research provides a good guidance for the design of surface acoustic wave pressure sensor.
Prediction of Earth polar motion in short time interval
Authors: Anosova Natalia , Filippova Alexandra , Krylov Sergej , Perepelkin Vadim
Published: September 2022

The accuracy characteristics of mathematical models of the Earth pole motion in a short time intervals have been investigated. The modeling was carried out using two approaches: a numerical-analytical model of the Earth’s rotational motion relative to the center of mass, based on the weighted least squares method and a neural network model for predicting the Earth pole motion. A comparison is made between the standard deviations of short-term forecasts of the Earth pole motion for 1–2 days according to the developed models and the standard deviations of forecasts published by the International Earth Rotation Service in Bulletin A. The models under consideration did not use data smoothing. The model based on neural network approach showed a higher accuracy of short-term forecasting.
Application of spike neural network for stabilizing pendulum in the nonlinear formulation
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia , Khamatnurova Regina , Kharin Nikita , Baltina Tatyana , Sachenkov Oskar
Published: September 2022

The article describes the solution to the problem of stabilizing a nonlinear system using machine learning methods. Neural networks are one of the promising directions in this area. The article describes a model of spiking neural network, which differs from previous generations of networks by its similarity to biological neurons. A pendulum on an elastic foundation was chosen as a dynamic system for the study. The input layer of the neural network is the so-called sensory neuron, and information about the deviation of the pendulum from the equilibrium position was received on it. The Leaky Integrate-and-Fire model of the spiking neural network was used. The article shows the process of stabilization of a pendulum on an elastic foundation. The closed system was built and a method for a numerical solution was implemented. Two configurations of control functions have been considered. It is shown that the time required to bring the system into a steady equilibrium state depends on the choice of the control function.
Calculation of fatigue fracture in structural elements using a multimode damage model
Authors: Nikitin Ilia , Nikitin Alexander , Wang Chong
Published: September 2022

The problem of nucleation and development for the fatigue fracture process in element of aircraft structure is solved using previously developed cyclic damage model. The model contains the evolution equation for the damage function depending on stress state and amplitudes of the cyclic loads. On this basis, calculations of the initiation and development of crack-like fracture zones are carried out for an aircraft structure element of a disk with a blade in a flight loading cycle (HCF mode). The damage function was calculated based on the elastic solution for the element of structure loaded by centrifugal forces in disk and blade and aerodynamical pressure on blade. An alternative cyclic loading regime associated with high-frequency vibrations of the blades was investigated. Fatigue fracture in this process corresponds to the VHCF mode. Simulation of the combined cyclic loading mode was also carried out. In all these modes, the real time of the nucleation and development of quasi-cracks was estimated up to reaching the observed disk surface.
On the question of the no symmetry of the stress tensor for open systems
Authors: Prozorova Evelina
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses the influence of stress no symmetry in continuum mechanics and in stochastic processes. The no symmetry of the stress tensor arises in connection with the influence of the moment and leads to the ambiguity of the solutions of the equations of classical mechanics and the transformation of two-dimensional structures into three-dimensional in the absence of compensating forces. The model for a continuous medium was constructed earlier from phenomenological considerations and from kinetic theory. The article proposes a modification of the classical Boltzmann equation with the inclusion of the diffusion process and the moment in addition to the convective operator. The importance of these terms in generalized kinetic equations and in stochastic processes (Brownian motion and Landau damping) is assumed. In the last equations the probabilistic terms are replaced by deterministic ones.
The evolution of the reference monetary value of the man.sievert at Électricité de France
Authors: Andresz S. , Jobert T. , Schieber C.
Published: September 2022

The reference monetary value of the man.sievert is a pragmatic decision-aiding technique to “take into account economic and societal factors” associated with the optimisation principle and to help decide whether a protection option is “reasonable” or not. EDF has adopted a system of reference monetary values in 1992, updated it in 2002, and was considering a new update. In 2019 and 2020, a designated EDF-CEPN working group investigated the elements (through survey, literature and feedback analysis) that might support a change and in which direction. A simplified system, based on one single reference monetary value of the man.sievert, has been proposed. The value takes into account the most recent recommendations from ICRP and French State administration and uses the state-of-the-art methodology in calculating the Value of Statistical Life and has been adjusted with an aversion risk factor considering the EDF radiation protection policy. The new reference value is 4,500 €/man.mSv. An upper value of 7,000 €/man.mSv can be used if the project presents radiation protection benefits (positive externalities) in addition to a reduction in collective dose. The Radiation Protection Manager makes the decision on which value should be selected, and the Radiation Protection Service, in collaboration with the other services, integrates the value in the optimization analysis, bearing in mind that the output will guide the decision (and not determine it) bringing also objectivity and transparency.
Endoscopic electroincision of challenging benign biliopancreatic strictures
Authors: Tringali Andrea , Milluzzo Sebastian Manuel , Perri Vincenzo , Schepis Tommaso , Bove Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido
Published: September 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of benign biliary and pancreatic strictures can be challenging, especially when tightness of the stenosis does not allow passage of mechanical and pneumatic dilation catheters. Electroincision of benign biliopancreatic can be considered in selected cases.

Patients and methods Three male patients (mean age 33 years, range 9–60) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to drain anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS) following orthotopic liver transplantation (n = 2) and pancreatic duct stenosis due to abdominal trauma (n = 1). The biliopancreatic strictures could be passed only with a thin 0.020-inch hydrophilic guidewire. Conventional mechanical and pneumatic dilators failed to pass the strictures due to weakness of the guidewire. Therefore, electrosurgical incision by over-the-wire 6Fr cystotome or needle-knife was attempted using pure cut current.

Results The two cases of ABS were approached also by cholangioscopy and the 6Fr cystotome easily passed the strictures, allowing subsequent pneumatic dilatation and insertion of multiple plastic stents. The patient with a pancreatic duct stricture underwent electrosurgical incision using a thin needle knife over-the-wire, resulting in insertion of a 7Fr pancreatic stent. No adverse events occurred; all the patients were discharged within 24 to 48 hours.

Conclusions Electrosurgical incision of benign biliopancreatic strictures could be considered in selected patients whom conventional dilation techniques fail.
Erinnern, verstehen, verarbeiten
Authors: Hamann Ellinor
Published: September 2022

Patienten, die auf einer Intensivstation behandelt werden müssen, erleben dies oft als enorme Belastung, die bis lange nach dem Krankenhausaufenthalt anhalten kann. Bei der Bewältigung der Erlebnisse werden Intensivtagebücher empfohlen und eingesetzt. Doch welchen Nutzen haben Intensivtagebücher für Patienten und Angehörige auf Intensivstationen? Diese Frage hat die Autorin im Rahmen ihrer Bachelorarbeit untersucht.
Excellent oncological outcomes besides short-term safety of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Harada Hiroki , Ohashi Manabu , Hiki Naoki , Fujisaki Junko , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Makuuchi Rie , Ida Satoshi , Hayami Masaru , Kumagai Koshi , Sano Takeshi , Nunobe Souya
Published: September 2022

Background and study aims Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for gastric submucosal tumor was developed as a type of minimal local resection and is now widely used in Asian countries. However, the oncological safety of LECS for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remains unclear. LECS has potential oncology-related problems that may influence survival outcomes. Furthermore, the feasibility and safety of LECS have not yet been fully established.

Patients and methods Patients who were intended to undergo LECS for gastric GIST from 2006 to 2020 were retrospectively selected. The indication for LECS was determined according to the guidelines. The completion of LECS, complications, and survival outcomes of the patients were analyzed.

Results Two hundred fifty-nine patients were eligible in this study. According to intraoperative findings, 44 patients underwent local resection without luminal endoscopic procedures. Of the remaining 215 patients, 213 completely underwent LECS, which corresponds to a completion rate of 99.1 %. Six patients (2.8 %) had postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo classification grade II or higher. Delayed gastric emptying was most commonly found in four patients (1.9 %). Old age (P = 0.0349), female sex (P = 0.0095), tumor located in the lesser curvature (P = 0.0015), and large tumor diameter (P = 0.0232) were significantly more common in patients with complications. The 3-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 99 % and 100 %, respectively, in 215 patients who were intended to undergo LECS.

Conclusions Despite several oncological concerns, LECS for gastric GIST is oncologically safe besides a feasible and safe procedure in the short-term.
Prevalence and characterization of middle ear effusion in 55 brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Schuenemann Riccarda , Kamradt Anne , Truar Katrin , Oechtering Gerhard
Published: September 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Während viele zuchtbedingte Malformationen des Schädels bei brachyzephalen Hunden bereits wohlbekannt sind, vor allem jene, die zu dramatischen Atemproblemen führen, sind Veränderungen des Mittelohrs oft klinisch inapparent und ein Zufallsbefund bei CT-Untersuchungen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Prävalenz und Charakterisierung von Paukenhöhlenergüssen bei brachyzephalen Hunden, die zur chirurgischen Therapie des Brachyzephalen Syndroms vorgestellt wurden.

Material und Methoden Brachyzephale Hunde, bei denen ein Paukenhöhlenerguss als Zufallsbefund in einer Computertomografie festgestellt wurde, wurden prospektiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. Es wurde eine endoskopische Tympanozentese durchgeführt, im Anschluss wurde das gewonnene Material makroskopisch beschrieben, mikroskopisch untersucht sowie eine bakteriologische Untersuchung eingeleitet.

Ergebnisse Im Studienzeitraum wurden 170 Hunde zur Behandlung eines Brachyzephalen Syndroms in der Klinik für Kleintiere vorgestellt. Die Prävalenz lag bei 55/170 Tieren (32 %), 86 Ohren waren betroffen. Die einzigen Rassen, bei denen ein Paukenhöhlenerguss auftrat, waren Französische Bulldoggen (FB) und Möpse. Die Prävalenz lag bei 35/66 (53 %) aller FB und bei 20/79 (25 %) aller Möpse. Eine Tympanozentese konnte bei 80 Ohren erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. In den meisten Fällen war das gewonnene Sekret mukös oder serös mit einer honigartigen Farbe. In 76 Ohren konnte genügend Material für eine BU gewonnen werden, die in 34 Fällen (45 %) positiv ausfiel. Von 73 Proben konnte eine zytologische Untersuchung durchgeführt werden. In allen Proben fanden sich Entzündungszellen, in 23 (31,5 %) mit einer hohen Konzentration.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Brachyzephale Hunde haben eine hohe Prävalenz von Paukenhöhlenergüssen. Die zytologischen Befunde unterscheiden sich dabei stark von den in der Regel zellfreien Sekreten bei Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, die unter den klinischen Symptomen einer Primär Sekretorischen Otitis Media leiden. Eine Studie, die das Sekret von Hunden ohne klinische Symptome und Hunden mit vestibulären Störungen vergleichend analysiert, erscheint indiziert, um die klinische Signifikanz von Paukenhöhlenergüssen weiter bestimmen zu können.
Image-enhanced endoscopy and endoscopic resection practices in the colon among endoscopists in India
Authors: Sundaram Sridhar , Giri Suprabhat , Jearth Vaneet , Vizhi N Kayal , Yelsangikar Amit , Bhat Naresh
Published: September 2022

Background and study aims Clinical practice patterns for image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) and colonic endoscopic resection practices vary among endoscopists. We conducted a survey to understand the differences in IEE and colonoscopic resection practices among endoscopists from India.

Methods An online cross-sectional survey comprising 40 questions regarding quality control of colonoscopy, IEE, and colonic endoscopic resection practices was circulated through the registry of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology and Association of Colon and Rectal Surgeons of India. Participation was voluntary and response to all questions was compulsory.

Results There were 205 respondents to the survey (93.2 % gastroenterologists, 90.2 % male, 54.6 % aged 30 to 40 years, 36.1 % working in academic institution, 36.1 % working in corporate hospitals). Of the endoscopists, 50.7 % had no training in IEE and 10.7 % performed endoscopy on systems without any IEE modalities. Endoscopists with more experience were more likely to use IEE modalities in practice routinely (P = 0.007). Twenty percent never used IEE to classify polyps. Sixty percent of respondents did not use dye-chromoendoscopy. Less experienced endoscopists used viscous solutions as submucosal injectate (P = 0.036) more often. Of the respondents, 44 % never tattooed the site of endoscopic resection. Ablation of edges post-endoscopic mucosal resection was not done by 25.5 % respondents. Most respondents used electronic chromoendoscopy (36.1 %) or random four-quadrant sampling (35.6 %) for surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease. Surveillance post-endoscopic resection was done arbitrarily by 24 % respondents at 6 months to 1 year.

Conclusions  There are several lacunae in the practice of IEE and colonic endoscopic resection among endoscopists, with need for programs for privileging, credentialing and proctoring these endoscopic skills.
Metabolite Profiling of Swertia cincta Extract in Rats and Pharmacokinetics Study of Three Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Ye Xiaoyin , Zhang Tong , Han Han
Published: September 2022

Swertia cincta, a plant of the genus Swertia in Gentianceae, has “heat-clearing” and detoxifying effects that normalize the gallbladder function in the treatment of jaundice. Although numerous studies on Swertia cincta have been performed, the absorption and pharmacokinetic behaviors remain unclear. In this study, the compounds of Swertia cincta in serum, bile, feces, and urine of rats were analyzed using a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 9 prototype components and 48 metabolites were detected in biological samples. Furthermore, we determined the main components absorbed in the blood of Swertia cincta and established a method for simultaneously determining these components (sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside) in positive ionization mode within 6 min. The quantitative method was successfully applied for the multiple-component pharmacokinetic study of Swertia cincta.
Stigmatized Attitude toward Mental Illness among the Caregivers of Patients with Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Bhutia Tenzing Dolkar , Palagiri Mary Madhvi , Sequeira Flavia , Jose Gini , MC Anil , Rodrigues Lavina
Published: September 2022

Background: Stigma is a trait, belief, or disgrace where a mentally ill person is socially defamed in certain manners. Stigma can cause great psychological distress among the caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness.

Aim: The study was aimed to assess the level of stigmatized attitude toward mental illness among the caregivers.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data among 210 caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness who were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Baseline proforma and stigmatizing attitude scale were used to collect the data.

Results: The findings depicted the mean age of the caregiver was 44 years. More than half number of subjects (54.3%) were females. Majority (90.44%) of the caregivers had moderate, whereas 3.33% had low stigmatizing attitude with the mean ± standard deviation was 52.77 ± 9.91. Chi-squared test showed no significant association between stigmatized attitude score and selected demographic variables.

Conclusion: It is vital that awareness programs and antistigma campaign can be initiated in the community settings, with the help of interdisciplinary coordination and collaboration of the health care members to eradicate the stigmatizing attitude among the caregivers.
Doctors' Perceptions of Rare Bone Disorders and X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: A Survey from Africa and the Middle East
Authors: Beshyah Waleed S. , Alsaffar Hussain , Beshyah Salem A.
Published: September 2022

Objectives To assess the perceptions of genetic and metabolic bone disorders with a focus on X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in the Middle East and Africa.

Materials and Methods An online survey of a convenience sample of physicians from relevant disciplines. The questions covered respondents' profiles, awareness of rare bone diseases, and XLH's burden, symptoms, and management.

Results A total of 139 respondents were included in the analysis. Responses came from the Arabian Gulf (41.7%), Middle East (20.1%), North Africa (17.3%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (20.9%). The largest single specialty was endocrinology (41%). When asked, 16 (11.5%) could not know about any metabolic/genetic bone diseases, and 123 respondents (88.5%) stated that they could think/were aware of some metabolic/genetic bone diseases, 111 enumerated various genetic and metabolic disorders. When they were presented with a typical case scenario of XLH, 18.0% of the respondents admitted ignorance of any possibility. However, 82.0% indicated having some idea of the condition. Of the latter group, 109 provided suggestions for possible diagnosis; the top single diagnosis was XLH. A smaller proportion of adult physicians had patients with symptoms attributed to XLH. Around three-quarters of respondents were aware of conventional therapy for XLH with vitamin D and phosphate supplementation. However, 89.8% of respondents welcomed specific biological therapy.

Conclusions Physicians are reasonably aware of XLH but have variable knowledge. They are unsatisfied with its conventional treatment. More in-depth knowledge of recognizing and modern management of bone metabolic and genetic conditions should be enhanced, particularly among adult physicians.
High-Grade Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Hasnie Sukaina , Glenn Chad , Peterson Jo E. G. , El Rassi Edward T. , McKinney Kibwei A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a recently found entity that first described by Lewis et al. It was then added to the 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) of head and neck tumors in 2012. BSNS has been described as a rare low-grade sarcoma arising in the upper sinonasal tract. It is believed that in the past, BSNS was, likely, previously diagnosed as other low-grade or benign malignancies. Fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors, all fall within the differential diagnosis of BSNS. However, BSNS is unlike other mesenchymal sinonasal tumors, as it displays both neural and myogenic differentiation. BSNS has thus far been recognized in only a hand full of case reports, all of which have reported similar morphologic features of a low-grade soft tissue tumor with neural involvement arising from the nasal cavity or ethmoid air cells in middle aged individuals. In fact, being low-grade sarcoma became such a hallmark characteristic of this tumor that it even received the name low-grade sinonasal sarcoma with neural and myogenic features or LGSSNMF.

Case Presentation We present, however, for the first time, a high-grade differentiation of BSNS in an otherwise healthy 72-year-old female. The patient was referred from an outside ENT (ear, nose, and throat) after pathology from a presumed polypectomy returned positive for a BSNS. Initial imaging revealed erosion through the bilateral lamina papyracea, anterior cranial fossa floor, and posterior table of the frontal sinus. She then underwent a combined endoscopic and bicoronal open approach for resection of the skull base lesion that was found to encompass the entirety of the sinonasal cavities bilaterally. Postoperatively, the patient underwent significant complications including infection of the pericranial flap, pneumocephalus, and eventually death.

Discussion As BSNS is a fairly new entity, currently there has only been four case series conducted, each identifying features of a low-grade sarcoma with both myogenic and neural differentiation. Histologically, BSNS has monophasic spindle cells with uniform, elongated nuclei with scant cytoplasm between benign proliferations of surface-type respiratory epithelium, with a low mitotic rate. Our case, however, revealed pleomorphic hyperchromatic cells with high mitotic activity and necrosis with invasion of bone, staging it as high grade. Immunohistochemistry also differed from the previously reported standards. This case describes a new category for BSNS which may change the differential diagnosis, management, and surgical recommendations that are currently utilized for this skull base neoplasm.
Predictive modeling of operation scenarios with negative central magnetic shear and large-radius ITBs on EAST
Authors: Zhang Xuexi , Li Guoqiang , Wu Muquan , Tang Tengfei , Liu Xiaoju , Gao Shanlu , Wu Xiaohe , Gao Xiang
Published: September 2022

Negative central magnetic shear or magnetic shear reversal is an attractive aspect for advanced operation scenarios in tokamaks as it suppresses turbulence and facilitates the formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs). The advanced operation scenario with negative magnetic shear, which is associated with high confinement quality, a large bootstrap fraction, ITBs, and so on, is one of the future goals of the experiments on EAST. In this work, modeling efforts have been made to find the operation regimes on EAST with negative central shear and large-radius ITBs. The modeling results indicate that negative central shear and large-radius ITBs can be achieved when the electron density is 〈ne〉/nG > 0.7 and the off-axis deposited electron cyclotron heating (ECH) power is 2 MW. Additionally, scenarios with lower ECH power (∼1.5 MW) have been studied since at present, the maximum ECH power that can be provided on EAST is 1.5 MW. With a lower off-axis ECH power of 1.5 MW, scenarios with negative central shear and large-radius ITBs but with a higher electron density of 〈ne〉/nG > 0.8 are obtained. The same as the first case, if the electron density is reduced to 〈ne〉/nG = 0.8 in this case, large-radius ITBs disappeared in the predicted scenario. This reveals that high electron density and large off-axis deposited ECH power are important for scenarios that have q-profiles with negative central shear and large-radius ITBs since lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) tends to peak near the axis at lower electron density, and hence, it helps to increase the temperature gradient near the axis, which will promote bootstrap in this region, leading to a centrally peaked total current density profile. Higher off-axis deposited ECH power helps to obtain scenarios with strong negative central shear and large-radius ITBs at a lower density. Scenarios predicted in this work will guide future experiments on EAST.
Transient absorption spectroscopic studies of linear polymeric photocatalysts for solar fuel generation
Authors: Li Chao , Cowan Alexander J. , Gardner Adrian M.
Published: September 2022

Organic polymer photocatalysts have garnered much interest in recent years, notably because of their photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen production from water. However, to rationalize the differences in activities between photocatalysts, it is crucial that their photodynamics are understood. Here, we provide an accessible introduction to the use of transient ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy to study the photodynamics of linear polymeric photocatalysts through a review of literature studies. The principles of transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, and the apparatus required, are briefly described. A step-by-step method to identify key species and unravel their kinetics is provided through exemplar spectra reported within the literature. This review provides the foundations for researchers new to the field of TA spectroscopy to design, perform, and interpret their own TA experiments to probe the photodynamics of organic photocatalysts.
Experimental study of multi-bubble hydraulic efficiency of spark-generated bubbles
Authors: Zhang L. C. , Ding S. D. , Pei Y. L. , Liu K. , Zhang X. M. , Jin Y. Z. , Zhu Z. C. , Yan K. P.
Published: September 2022

We investigated the hydraulic efficiency of spark-generated bubbles under conditions of different discharge polarities and different electrode numbers. A positive polarity discharge can generate a larger spark-induced bubble than a negative polarity discharge generated using the same electrical and electrode parameters. The hydraulic efficiency of both the positive and negative polarity discharges decreases with the increasing number of electrodes. Increasing the number of electrodes leads to faster energy injection times and higher average powers. We found that the hydraulic efficiency increases when energy injection time increases but that it decreases when the average power increases. When the energy injection time is longer than 100 µs and the average power is less than 100 kW, hydraulic efficiencies of more than 15% and 10% were realized for the positive and negative polarity discharges, respectively. These results indicate that longer energy injection times will be helpful in gaining higher hydraulic efficiency for these bubbles.
Numerical model of a tidal current acceleration structure
Authors: Lohani Binayak , Foran Derek , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Nistor Ioan
Published: September 2022

Advancements in technology have led to a rapid rise in the use of renewable energy sources in the past 25 years. The current work focuses on the potential of a novel hydraulic technology to contribute toward sustainable energy production. The tidal current acceleration structure is a simple structure that uses the basic principle of the Venturi effect in low-speed tides and rivers to accelerate the flow and, in turn, extract energy using turbines. The primary aim of the present study is to understand to what extent this newly proposed tidal flow structure is suitable for real applications. The shear stress transport k–ω model was utilized, and the parametric analysis based on angle variation, Froude number, and bed roughness was undertaken to optimize the performance of the structure. The potential power that could be extracted by an in-stream turbine was then estimated using actuator disk theory. The performance of the structure significantly increased for the configuration having the ratio of the opening and contraction width of 2.66.
Experimental investigation on the performances of a valve-based and on-demand droplet generator producing droplets in a wide size range
Authors: Wang Liping , Kong Weiliang , Bian Peixiang , Wang Fuxin , Liu Hong
Published: September 2022

Many aspects of our daily lives are affected by the generation of water droplets, and it is important to controllably produce droplets with a wide size range in various applications. In this paper, we describe an on-demand droplet generating system based on a high-speed two-way solenoid valve. A nozzle made of stainless steel tubing is fit into one port of the valve, and the other port is connected to the fluid reservoir by which the pressure can be controlled via a pressure regulator. When the liquid is pressurized and the valve is opened with a short pulse voltage, trace amounts of liquid will be ejected from the nozzle to form a droplet. Droplet generation is captured using a high-speed camera to measure the dimension and velocity and to evaluate the performances of the generator, such as repeatability and stability. We demonstrate the influences of applied pressure and pulse width of driving voltage on droplet generation. It is shown that the droplet generator is capable of producing droplets in a wide size range for a given nozzle (e.g., about 0.7–2.2 mm for a 1.0 mm diameter nozzle). A single droplet is stably generated at Z = 268.1, obviously higher than the published data and the Weber number of a fluid jet (Wej) ranging from 2.1 to 5.6. The droplet generator presented here will be useful for research related to large droplets, such as freezing rain in atmospheric science and supercooled large drops in aircraft icing.
Modeling of a 43 GHz microplasma within a photonic crystal
Authors: Navarro Rafael , Hopwood Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2022

The electron density (ne) and argon metastable density (1s5) of a 43GHz microplasma are obtained using the zero-dimensional plasma kinetics solver (ZDPlasKin®) for an incident power of 160 and 1000mW and argon pressures of 10–600Torr (1.3×103 to 8.0×104Pa). These simulations are compared with previously published experimental data. To determine the self-consistent electric field in the modeled plasma, the three-dimensional millimeter wave fields are computed as a function of electron density using ANSYS EM19.2, HFSS®. This electromagnetic field model is coupled to ZDPlasKin such that any increase in the simulated plasma density correctly attenuates the simulated electric field within the microplasma. The electron density is found to be sensitive to argon gas temperature, so a two-zone temperature model was needed to obtain agreement with experimental measurements. The temperature in the central core of the microplasma was determined by a previous experimental study. That temperature was used as an input to the model for the simulation of volume recombination losses. The outer regions of the microplasma are assumed to be in equilibrium with the walls (300K). This second temperature was used in the model to determine diffusion losses. The modeled electron and metastable densities are of the order 1020 and 1018m−3, respectively. This is in good agreement with those measured experimentally as long as the two-zone temperature model is used. In the absence of a hot gas core, the modeled three-body recombination rates are excessive and the simulation severely under-predicts the electron density and over-estimates the metastable density. We conclude that the millimeter wave microplasma has a hot core (2500K at 600Torr) that rarifies the argon gas and effectively reduces three-body recombination. This allows one to achieve high electron density on the order of 1020m−3 with only 100mW of wave power.
Probing of the topological phase transition in a disordered 1D acoustic system
Authors: Li Shi-Feng , Zhou Cui-Yu-Yang , Lu Jie-Yu , Zou Xin-Ye , Cheng Jian-Chun
Published: September 2022

The methods to determine the Zak phase introduced by previous studies are usually limited to the periodic systems protected by the inversion symmetry. In this work, we build a one-dimensional chiral symmetric acoustic chain with controllable disorder to break its inversion symmetry. By the mean chiral displacement method, we detect the Zak phase in order to observe the topological phase transition induced purely by disorder. The finding exhibits the topological Anderson insulator phase, in which an otherwise trivial acoustic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model is driven non-trivial by disorder accompanied by the change of the topological sign. This method could also be utilized in chiral symmetry broken and non-Hermitian systems. The result reveals that disorder introduced in the acoustic devices may induce the change of the topological phase, which is promising for the design of new acoustic devices.