bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Mathew Jain , George Reshmi , Theruvil Robin , Padavil Tobin C , Tomy Lincy , Kurian Anil
Published: October 2016

Aim

To determine the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of leaves of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion method.

Materials and methods

Dried leaves of A. muricata and S. glauca were powdered and extracted in a soxhlet apparatus. Enterococcus faecalis was grown overnight in Trypticase soy agar plates. About 10 μL of each extract was placed on agar plates and incubated overnight. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours. About 1% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls.

Results

The leaf extract of A. muricata showed similar effectiveness as that of sodium hypochlorite, whereas the leaf extract of S. glauca showed only a slight reduction in growth of E. faecalis.

Conclusion

Leaf extract of A. muricata can be developed as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigants.

Clinical significance

Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete disinfection of the root canals. Root canal irrigants have a major role in complete disinfection of the root canals. Chemical root canal irrigants are more or less toxic to the oral environment. In this study, naturally derived leaf extracts of A. muricata and S. glauca are compared with sodium hypochlorite for its effectiveness against E. faecalis – the most common pathogen found in the root canals.

How to cite this article

Mathew J, George R, Theruvil R, Padavil TC, Tomy L, Kurian A. Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):650-653.
Impact of Various Irrigating Agents on Root Fracture: An in vitro Study
Authors: Nikhade Pradnya , Tiwari Sukriti , Sudarshan C , Shetty Priyadarshini , Gupta Naveen K
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Irrigating solutions are used for cleaning and removing dentinal debris, and the other remains from pulpal space during biomechanical preparation. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of various irrigating agents on root fracture at 5-minute time exposure.

Materials and methods

We sectioned 60 permanent maxillary premolars with fully formed root structures transversely maintaining the root length of approximately 14 mm. Five study groups were made comprising ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), cetrimide, citric acid, and so on as various irrigating agents. A universal force test machine was used to calculate the force which was enough to fracture each root. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to access the level of significance.

Results

About 10% citric acid solution as an irrigating agent showed minimal fracture opposing results, whereas 10% EDTA solution showed the maximum fracture resistance of root portion.

Clinical significance

Selection of suitable EDTA concentration that has minimal adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the tooth is very important for the successful management of tooth fracture.

Conclusion

About 10% EDTA provided the highest fracture resistance, necessitating the use of irrigating solution in root canal therapy (RCT). Further research with higher and different study groups is required to search for more efficient irrigating solution to improve the outcome of RCT.

How to cite this article

Tiwari S, Nikhade P, Chandak M, Sudarshan C, Shetty P, Gupta NK. Impact of Various Irrigating Agents on Root Fracture: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):659-662
Intricate Assessment and Evaluation of Effect of Bruxism on Long-term Survival and Failure of Dental Implants: A Comparative Study
Authors: Agarwal SK , Yadav Kajal , Nagpal Abhishek , Kochhar Aarti
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Dental implants are one of the common lines of treatment used for the treatment of missing tooth. Various risk factors are responsible for the failure of the dental implants and occurrence of postoperative complications. Bruxism is one such factor responsible for the failure of the dental implants. The actual relation between bruxism and dental implants is a subject of long-term controversy. Hence, we carried out this retrospective analysis to assess the complications occurring in dental implants in patients with and without bruxism.

Materials and methods

The present study included 1100 patients which were treated for rehabilitation by dental implant procedure at 21 dental offices of Ghaziabad (India) from 2004 to 2014. Analyzing the clinical records of the patients along with assessing the photographs of the patients was done for confirming the diagnosis of bruxism. Clinical re-evaluation of the patients, who came back for follow-up, was done to confirm the diagnosis of bruxism. Systemic questionnaires as used by previous workers were used to evaluate the patients about the self-conscience of the condition. Estimation of the mechanical complications was done only in those cases which occurred on the surfaces of the restoration of the dental implants. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to evaluate the level of significance.

Results

In both bruxer and non-bruxers, maximum number of dental implants was placed in anterior maxillary region. Significant difference was obtained while comparing the two groups for dimensions of the dental implants used. On comparing the total implant failed cases between bruxers and non-bruxers group, statistically significant result was obtained. Statistically significant difference was obtained while comparing the two study groups based on the health parameters, namely hypertension, diabetes, and smoking habit.

Conclusion

Success of dental implant is significantly affected by bruxism. Special attention is required in such patients while doing treatment planning.

Clinical significance

For the long-term clinical success and survival of dental implants in patients, special emphasis should be given on the patient's deleterious oral habits, such as bruxism as in long run, they influence the stability of dental implants.

How to cite this article

Yadav K, Nagpal A, Agarwal SK, Kochhar A. Intricate Assessment and Evaluation of Effect of Bruxism on Long-term Survival and Failure of Dental Implants: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):670-674.
Comparative Evaluation of Pediatric Patients with Mental Retardation undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ahuja Ravish , Jyoti Bhuvan , Shewale Vinod , Shetty Shridhar , Subudhi Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Behavioral management of patients forms one of the foremost components of pediatric dental treatment. Some children readily cooperate with dental treatment, while others require general anesthesia as a part of treatment protocol for carrying out various dental procedures. Hence, we evaluated the pediatric patients with and without mental retardation, who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia.

Materials and methods

The present study analyzed the record of 480 pediatric patients reporting in the department of pedodontics from 2008 to 2014. Analysis of the records of the patients who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia was done and all the patients were divided into two study groups depending upon their mental level. For the purpose of evaluation, the patients were also grouped according to their age; 4 to 7 years, 8 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years. Measurement of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and scores for both deciduous and permanent dentition was done before and after the commencement of the dental treatment. Chisquare test and independent t-test were used for evaluating the level of significance.

Results

While comparing the patients in the two groups, maximum number of patients is present in the age group of 13 to 18 years. While comparing the indices’ score between the two study groups in various age intervals, no statistically significant results were obtained. Restorative treatment and dental extractions were the most common dental treatments that were seen at a higher frequency in the intellectual disability study group.

Conclusion

In patients with mental retardation, a higher frequency of restorative treatment and extractions occurs as compared to healthy subjects of similar age group. Therefore, they require special attention regarding maintenance of their oral health.

Clinical significance

Special attention should be given for maintaining the oral health of patients with special health care needs as compared to their physically and mentally normal counterparts.

How to cite this article

Ahuja R, Jyoti B, Shewale V, Shetty S, Subudhi SK, Kaur M. Comparative Evaluation of Pediatric Patients with Mental Retardation undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):675-678.
Trauma due to Self-aggression in Patient with Waardenburg Syndrome associated with Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Marta Sara Nader , Kawakami Roberto Yoshio , Sgavioli Claudia Almeida Prado Piccino , Correa Ana Eliza , de Oliveira El Kadre Guaniara D’Árk , Carvalho Ricardo Sandri
Published: October 2016

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an inherited autosomal dominant genetic disorder presenting variable penetrance and expressivity, with an estimated prevalence of 1:42,000. Clinical characteristics of WS include lateral displacement of the internal eye canthus, hyperplasia of the medial portion of the eyebrows, prominent and broad nasal base, congenital deafness, pigmentation of the iris and skin, and white forelock. A 24-year-old male patient, previously diagnosed with WS, was referred to the Special Needs Dental Clinic of Sacred Heart University, Bauru, Brazil. Parents reported that the patient was experiencing self-mutilation, particularly in the oral region. He presented multiple congenital anomalies, including anophthalmia, mental retardation, low-set ears, and leg deformities. Clinical oral examination revealed hypodontia, abnormalities in dental morphology, extensive dental caries, periodontal disease, and fistulae. Extensive scars on the tongue, lips, and hands caused by self-mutilation were also observed. In accordance with his family and neurologist, full-mouth extraction under general anesthesia was performed, especially considering his severe self-aggressive behavior and the necessity to be fed with soft-food diet due to his inability to chew. After the surgical procedure, a significant reduction in the patient's irritability and gain of weight were reported in the followups of 30, 60, and 180 days.

How to cite this article

Marta SN, Kawakami RY, Sgavioli CAPP, Correa AE, D’Árk de Oliveira El Kadre G, Carvalho RS. Trauma due to Self-aggression in Patient with Waardenburg Syndrome associated with Congenital Anomalies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):702-705.
The Rare Requirement of On-scene Extremity Amputations in the Entrapped Trauma Patient
Authors: Zakrison Tanya L , Namias Nicholas , Grossman Marc M , Shatz David V , Habib Fahim , Pizano Louis , Marttos Antonio , Ruiz Gabriel
Published: October 2016

Objectives

Entrapment of trauma patients in motor vehicle and other accidents is common. Frequently, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel and firefighters are able to free the patient and initiate rapid transport to trauma centers. In rare circumstances, severe torso and extremity injuries combined with major entrapment may require complex rescue operations. These trauma patients spend the “Golden Hour” at the scene under difficult conditions. The objective of this review is to evaluate the role of the trauma surgeon leading the care at the scene of critically injured and entrapped trauma patients with possible need for surgical interventions.

Materials and methods

A 10-year review of all trauma surgeon to scene activations between 2005 and 2014 at the Ryder Trauma Center, an urban ACS Level 1 trauma center, was performed. An analysis of the trauma registry, individual cases, and surgical interventions was conducted.

Results

The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital (UM/JMH) Ryder Trauma Center and Miami Dade Fire Rescue have an established program in place for trauma surgeon to scene activations. During the study period, the on-call trauma surgeon was activated six times and traveled to the scene by air rescue helicopter four times, by ground in 1 case and in 1 case the patient expired before takeoff. One patient required on-scene amputation of an entrapped non-salvageable upper extremity. Two patients required on-scene amputation of bilateral lower mangled, entrapped extremities. One patient required a localized limb preserving surgical procedure to free him from entrapment. The incidence was 0.016% of 36,872 trauma alert activated patients evaluated at Ryder Trauma Center during the study period. Hemorrhagic shock, associated injuries, and long scene times were present in all patients. The survival of treated patients was 80%.

Conclusion

The need for on-scene amputations of nonsalvable extremities in entrapped trauma patients is rare. Experienced trauma surgeons should evaluate these patients and decide which interventions are necessary. All efforts should be made to salvage the limb. However, if the entrapped extremity appears nonsalvageable and the patient is in profound life-threatening shock requiring rapid transport, field amputation may be required. Policies, safety training and gear, supply kits, and partnerships with EMS are needed.

How to cite this article

Pust GD, Grossman MM, Shatz DV, Habib F, Pizano L, Zakrison TL, Marttos A, Ruiz G, Ginzburg E, Namias N. The Rare Requirement of On-scene Extremity Amputations in the Entrapped Trauma Patient. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):93-100.
Automatic Identification of General Vector Error Correction Models
Authors: Arbués Ignacio , Ledo Ramiro , Matilla-García Mariano
Published: October 2016

There are a number of econometrics tools to deal with the different types of situations in which cointegration can appear: I(1), I(2), seasonal, polyno- mial, etc. There are also different kinds of Vector Error Correction models related to these situations. The authors propose a unified theoretical and practical framework to deal with many of these situations. To this aim: (i) they introduce a general class of models and (ii) provide an automatic method to identify models, based on estimating the Smith form of an autoregressive model. Their simulations suggest the power of the new proposed methodology. An empirical example illustrates the methodology.
Lipid and lipoprotein profile changes in dairy cows in response to late
pregnancy and the early postpartum period
Authors: Arfuso Francesca , Fazio Francesco , Levanti Maria , Rizzo Maria , Di Pietro Simona , Giudice Elisabetta , Piccione Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In dairy cows the peripartum period involves endocrine and metabolic changes to compensate for the increased energy requirement aggravated by reduced feed intake. Cows adjust to the resulting negative energy balance with the mobilization of lipids from adipose tissue that, if excessive, could lead to many transition disorders compromising the offspring's growth and well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in five dairy cows during the peripartum period. For each cow body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) measurements as well as blood sampling was carried out 60, 30 and 15 days before calving (−60, −30 and −15 BC), at calving day (C) and on days 15, 30 and 60 after calving (+15, +30 and +60 AC). Blood samples were tested for serum total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), total cholesterol (Total-Chol), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the effect of the peripartum period on the studied parameters in cows. A statistically significant effect of the peripartum period (P < 0.05) was found in the values of BCS, BW and all serum lipid and lipoprotein indices measured in cows. The changes observed in lipid indices of peripartum cows could be due to the start of milking and the increase in energy consumption in the body, confirming that metabolic adjustments occur as cows move from the gestation to the lactation period.
Characterization of morphological and meristic traits and their variations between two different populations (wild and cultured) of Cichlasoma festae, a species native to tropical Ecuadorian rivers
Authors: González Martín A. , Rodriguez Jorge M. , Angón Elena , Martínez Andrés , Garcia Antón , Peña Francisco
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This study was carried out to determine morphometric and meristic characteristics of two populations (wild and cultured) of Cichlasoma festae and to establish whether populations could be discriminated based on morphometric variability. Twenty-two morphometric and four meristic characters were used to test the hypothesis differentiation. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) from 100 adult specimens showed significant differences (p <  0.05) for 21 standardized morphometric measurements out of 26 characters among the means of the wild and cultured Cichlasoma festae populations tested. Cross correlation amongst certain morphometric variables (i.e. body weight, total length, standard length, pre-ventral length, AC1, LC1 and P1) were medium-strong (r ≥  0.5), while the remaining were weakly correlated (r <  0.5). The length–weight relationship parameter b and condition factor (K) values were respectively 2.21 and 1.97 (indicating allometric growth) for cultured fish groups and 2.86 and 4.07 (p <  0.05) for wild fish groups. The condition factor values were significantly different from each other and showed that feeding of cultured fish should be improved. Both groups were accurately separated (>  80 % success rate) by linear discriminant functions that included only four morphometric measures.
Composition and oxidation state of sulfur in atmospheric particulate matter
Authors: Longo Amelia F. , Vine David J. , King Laura E. , Oakes Michelle , Weber Rodney J. , Huey Lewis Gregory , Russell Armistead G. , Ingall Ellery D.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The chemical and physical speciation of atmospheric sulfur was investigated in ambient aerosol samples using a combination of sulfur near-edge x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (S-NEXFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. These techniques were used to determine the composition and oxidation state of sulfur in common primary emission sources and ambient particulate matter collected from the greater Atlanta area. Ambient particulate matter samples contained two oxidation states: S0 and S+VI. Ninety-five percent of the individual aerosol particles (> 1 µm) analyzed contain S0. Linear combination fitting revealed that S+VI in ambient aerosol was dominated by ammonium sulfate as well as metal sulfates. The finding of metal sulfates provides further evidence for acidic reactions that solubilize metals, such as iron, during atmospheric transport. Emission sources, including biomass burning, coal fly ash, gasoline, diesel, volcanic ash, and aerosolized Atlanta soil, and the commercially available bacterium Bacillus subtilis, contained only S+VI. A commercially available Azotobacter vinelandii sample contained approximately equal proportions of S0 and S+VI. S0 in individual aerosol particles most likely originates from primary emission sources, such as aerosolized bacteria or incomplete combustion.
A versatile, refrigerant- and cryogen-free cryofocusing–thermodesorption unit for preconcentration of traces gases in air
Authors: Obersteiner Florian , Bönisch Harald , Keber Timo , O'Doherty Simon , Engel Andreas
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We present a compact and versatile cryofocusing–thermodesorption unit, which we developed for quantitative analysis of halogenated trace gases in ambient air. Possible applications include aircraft-based in situ measurements, in situ monitoring and laboratory operation for the analysis of flask samples. Analytes are trapped on adsorptive material cooled by a Stirling cooler to low temperatures (e.g. −80 °C) and subsequently desorbed by rapid heating of the adsorptive material (e.g. +200 °C). The set-up involves neither the exchange of adsorption tubes nor any further condensation or refocusing steps. No moving parts are used that would require vacuum insulation. This allows for a simple and robust design. Reliable operation is ensured by the Stirling cooler, which neither contains a liquid refrigerant nor requires refilling a cryogen. At the same time, it allows for significantly lower adsorption temperatures compared to commonly used Peltier elements. We use gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for separation and detection of the preconcentrated analytes after splitless injection. A substance boiling point range of approximately −80 to +150 °C and a substance mixing ratio range of less than 1 ppt (pmol mol−1) to more than 500 ppt in preconcentrated sample volumes of 0.1 to 10 L of ambient air is covered, depending on the application and its analytical demands. We present the instrumental design of the preconcentration unit and demonstrate capabilities and performance through the examination of analyte breakthrough during adsorption, repeatability of desorption and analyte residues in blank tests. Examples of application are taken from the analysis of flask samples collected at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station in Ireland using our laboratory GC–MS instruments and by data obtained during a research flight with our in situ aircraft instrument GhOST-MS (Gas chromatograph for the Observation of Tracers – coupled with a Mass Spectrometer).
Catchment power and the joint distribution of elevation and travel distance
to the outlet
Authors: Sklar Leonard S. , Riebe Clifford S. , Lukens Claire E. , Bellugi Dino
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The delivery of water, sediment, and solutes by catchments is influenced by the distribution of source elevations and their travel distances to the outlet. For example, elevation affects the magnitude and phase of precipitation, as well as the climatic factors that govern rock weathering, which influence the production rate and initial particle size of sediments. Travel distance, in turn, affects the timing of flood peaks at the outlet and the degree of sediment size reduction by wear, which affects particle size distributions at the outlet. The distributions of elevation and travel distance have been studied extensively but separately, as the hypsometric curve and width function. Yet a catchment can be considered as a collection of points, each with paired values of elevation and travel distance. For every point, the ratio of elevation to travel distance defines the mean slope for transport of mass to the outlet. Recognizing that mean slope is proportional to the average rate of loss of potential energy by water and sediment during transport to the outlet, we use the joint distribution of elevation and travel distance to define two new metrics for catchment geometry: "source-area power", and the corresponding catchment-wide integral "catchment power". We explore patterns in source-area and catchment power across three study catchments spanning a range of relief and drainage area. We then develop an empirical algorithm for generating synthetic source-area power distributions, which can be parameterized with data from natural catchments. This new way of quantifying the three-dimensional geometry of catchments can be used to explore the effects of topography on the distribution on fluxes of water, sediment, isotopes, and other landscape products passing through catchment outlets, and may provide a fresh perspective on problems of both practical and theoretical interest.
From Heinrich Events to cyclic ice streaming: the grow-and-surge instability in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model
Authors: Feldmann Johannes , Levermann Anders
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Here we report on a cyclic, physical ice-discharge instability in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model, simulating the flow of a three-dimensional, inherently buttressed ice-sheet-shelf system which periodically surges on a millennial timescale. The thermo-mechanically coupled model on 1 km horizontal resolution includes an enthalpy-based formulation of the thermodynamics, a non-linear stress-balanced based sliding law and a very simple sub-glacial hydrology. The simulated unforced surging is characterized by rapid ice streaming through a bed trough, resulting in abrupt discharge of ice across the grounding line which is eventually calved into the ocean. We identify and visualize the central feedbacks that dominate the sub-sequent phases of ice build-up, surge and stabilization which emerge from the interaction between ice dynamics, thermodynamics and the sub-glacial till layer. A reduction in the surface mass balance or basal roughness yields a damping of the feedback loop which suggests that thinner ice sheets may be less susceptible to surging. The presented mechanisms underlying our simulations of self-maintained, periodic ice growth and destabilization may play a role in large-scale ice-sheet surging, such as the surging of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which is associated with Heinrich Events, and ice-stream shut-down and reactivation, such as observed in the Siple Coast region of West Antarctica.
A Informação e o discurso das cartas e bilhetes ex-votivos: uma análise folkcomunicacional
Authors: Oliveira José Cláudio Alves de
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo objetiva analisar alguns aspectos dos bilhetes e cartas ex-votivos, pesquisados e documentados no Brasil e no México. O seu conteúdo é trazido dos Projetos Exvotos do Brasil (2005-2011) e Ex-votos das Américas (2011-2014), que objetivaram identificar, catalogar e iconografar a rica tipologia dos ex-votos no Brasil e em países da América Central e do Norte. Aqui, o recorte analisa algumas cartas e bilhetes ex-votivos como fontes para a informação e a memória social, por serem ricos elementos advindos de um processo folkcomunicacional, onde o povo notabiliza, num ambiente, os seus problemas e histórias ao público em geral. No curso do texto alguns exemplos que ilustrarão o potencial da media ou simplesmente testemunho social. Como base para fundamentar alguns percursos estão autores da Comunicação, da Museologia e da Linguística.
A Xilogravura está na moda: vestuário, folkmarketing e desenvolvimento local na feira de artesanato de Caruaru – PE
Authors: Silva Maria Luciana Bezerra da , Lucena Filho Severino Alves de
Published: October 2016

Através da análise dos usos da Xilogravura Popular nordestina inserida como adorno em produtos de Moda comercializados na Feira de Artesanato de Caruaru – PE, se buscou compreender como ocorre o processo folkcomunicacional nesta convergência. Descrevendo como os feirantes se apropriam da linguagem xilográfica enquanto elemento comunicacional e mercadológico no contexto do Folkmarketing, e avaliando como este cenário contribui para o Desenvolvimento Local através do envolvimento dos sujeitos, além das possibilidades de geração de emprego e renda. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, a primeira de ordem bibliográfica seguida pela coleta de dados em campo. Revelou-se que os usos e significados atribuídos à Xilogravura permanecem atrelados às representações da cultura local, porém, tornaram-se evidentes as influências do global nas criações, personificadas pela inserção de elementos da cultura de massa, o que resulta em figuras híbridas, por fim, foi caracterizado um cenário complexo onde se articulam tradições e modernidades.
Colecistite aguda alitiásica em paciente pediátrico previamente hígido: relato de caso
Authors: Schio Nicolle Amboni , França Fernanda Volpato , Guimarães Ana Beatriz Artigas , Filippim Dayana , Da Silveira Maria Cristina
Published: October 2016

A colecistite acalculosa é uma inflamação da parede da vesicular biliar sem a presença de calculos, sendo responsável por 4 a 10% por cento dos casos de colecistite aguda. Objetivo: relatar um caso de CAA no serviço do HPP. Métodos: estudo restrospectivo de relato de caso. Discussão: Paciente de 13 anos, masculino, previamente hígido, admitido no HPP com quadro de dor em flanco direito, associada a náuseas, inapetência e diarréia líquida há 1 semana, com melhora parcial ao uso de analgésicos comuns (paracetamol e dipirona), porém com recorrência da dor. Realizou ultrassonografia de abdome total que mostrou colecistite aguda alitiásica e exames laboratorias com sinais inflamatórios. Paciente foi internado para tratamento conservador com antibioticoterapia. Apresentou resolução do quadro após 1 semana de tratamento, tendo alta hospitalar e sendo encaminhado para investigação ambulatorial. Conclusão:  A CAA é uma patologia rara, de baixa prevalência na população geral e principalmente pediátrica. Deve-se suspeitar especialmente em pacientes críticos e hospitalizados por longos períodos, contudo, casos em pacientes previamente hígidos podem ser não tão infrequentes.
Revisitando a síndrome de Nelson
Authors: Pallone Sthefanie Giovanna , Schwambach Felipe Wolff , Manosso Karina Zanlorenzi Basso , Lagana Caio César Cervi , Besen Débora Cristina , Robl Marcela , Boguszewski Cesar Luiz
Published: October 2016

A síndrome de Nelson é caracterizada pela tríade de hiperpigmentação cutânea, níveis elevados de ACTH e expansão do tumor hipofisário após adrenalectomia bilateral como terapia para Doença de Cushing. Apresenta taxas de incidência que variam de 0 a 47% e tem como principais fatores preditivos para o seu surgimento os níveis de ACTH plasmático no primeiro ano após a adrenalectomia, duração da doença de Cushing até a retirada das adrenais e tratamento prévio com radioterapia para o tratamento da doença de Cushing. Os critérios diagnósticos para essa doença consistem na adrenalectomia bilateral em pacientes com doença de Cushing associada à elevação nos níveis de ACTH (acima de 500 ng/L ou aumento de pelo menos 30% do valor em três amostras consecutivas) e/ou imagem hipofisária com lesão tumoral. O tratamento de primeira linha é a ressecção da lesão através da cirurgia transesfenoidal, porém radioterapia e tratamento farmacológico com cabergolina, pasireotide ou temozolamida podem ser necessários em alguns casos.
Modernising the Law of Gift
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: October 2016

Modernising the Law of Gift
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Law Research, Vol. 5, No. 1
Authors: Sheng Vivian
Published: October 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Law Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2016
An Approach to the Stories of Sabahattin Ali within the Context of Marxist Literary Aesthetics: The Conflict between Peasants and the Intelligentsia
Authors: Yigit Murat
Published: October 2016

This study will try to read the stories of Sabahattin Ali, who has written various books in Turkish, within the context of Marxist literary aesthetics, assess the types and characters in the stories of Sabahattin Ali within that framework, and observe the social levels and the gaps between them based on the relationships between the two extreme poles (the peasants and the intelligentsia), which constitute the main theme of the author’s works.

Many “socialist realist” authors/poets write within the context of Marxist literary aesthetics, although its era of major literary influence is now over. Nevertheless, although characters created in literary works with the purpose of disseminating ideologies are generally designed in line with the authors’ intentions, are governed by them and are often not realistic or true-to-life, we can observe certain aspects that are in accord with these kinds of literary aesthetics while reading the adventures of Sabahattin Ali.
The Role of Prevention in Deterring Teachers Bullied by Students
Authors: Mitchell Linda Hunt
Published: October 2016

Few past studies discuss the subject of bullying by students with their teachers as targets. Examining preventative measures to gain a more thorough understanding of the complex, behavioral issue needs to be addressed. As a starting point the purpose of this study is to examine the scope of the problem as well as the various preventative initiatives with an added focus on clear rules, classroom management and consequences along with application while proposing that higher education be the educational sector that takes the leadership role in a community approach to diminish the problematic behavioral issue of teacher’s being bullied by students.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 9, No. 9
Authors: Sheng Vivian
Published: October 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 9, No. 9, 2016.
Influence of Citizens and Form of Government on Alternative Service Delivery Choices in Local Governments
Authors: Manzoor Azhar
Published: October 2016

Citizens are an essential part of democratic setup and especially as recipients of public services play a crucial role in decisions regarding provision of these services. Citizen engagement not only provides feedback on the activities undertaken by government but may also influence how governments plans for future allocation of resources and means for providing various services. Citizen engagement emerges from the initiatives taken by the governments to improve the quality of government planning, processes, and decisions as well as it is a source of legitimacy to such decisions as part of democratic process. However, there are tremendous pressures from various actors such as government officials for cutting costs due to budgetary constraints, public managers for managing costs and quality, vendors for bargaining and deciding cost versus service quality measures, technical and line staff for administrating negotiations and producing services, and citizens for receiving services in exchange of price they pay in the form of taxes. This study examines the effects of citizens and forms of government on the service decisions regarding health and human services. Findings fail to support citizen’s role but indicate a significant role of form of government, partisanship orientation, and taxes in making alternative service delivery choices.
Health Care Reform in the United States and the Russia Federation: 1990-2015
Authors: Filatova Olga V. , Schultz David Andrew
Published: October 2016

What constitutes adequate medical care and how to deliver it is a problem states across the world confront as they face similar problems of rising costs, access, changing demographics, quality of service, and technological development. This article compares health care reform in the United States and the Russian Federation between 1990 and 2015. The Russian Federation begin this period with a process of rebuilding a health care system out of the previous centralized state-run Soviet system whereas the United States sought to change a health care system largely privately run and which separated health care delivery from health care insurance. Yet, despite differences these two countries and their health care systems have, they show interesting parallels, convergences, and lessons in terms of how reform occurs. In particular, this article demonstrates how both the American and Russian reforms have tried to use market incentives and the shifting to individuals some responsibility to contain costs, the use of government and non-governmental actors to provide health care and insurance, and various levels of centralization and decentralization of select services in order to address cost, quality, and access issues.
An Analysis of the Level of Transparency of Federal Universities’ Websites in the South of Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Natalia Kirchner de , Lyrio Mauricio Vasconcellos Leao , Lunkes Rogerio Joao , Alberton Luiz
Published: October 2016

The internet contributes for the reduction of information asymmetries between the government and the society through the transparency, because provides an environment of analysis and reflection through the information publicized by the public managers. At any level of the Public Administration, the management must be efficient and transparent, so, the general objective of this research is to verify the level of transparency of websites of the federal universities in the South of Brazil in the year of 2014 based on what the Brazilian legislation determines. Through adaptation and application of the model proposed by Nunes (2013) for measurement of the level of transparency based on the Brazilian legislation, this work seeks to providing contribution to the researches about transparency in the public sector. In the evaluation the information content, usability of the websites and data availability were considered, distributed in a set of 25 descriptors based on the Brazilian legislation. Based on the analysis made, it has been possible to find out that the group of universities analyzed showed good transparency practices. Globally three universities showed excellent transparency level; yet most universities have improvements to be made in their websites. Federal University of Santa Catarina stood out for reaching the highest transparency level among federal universities in the south. To enable the construction of a transparency map, for future works is recommended the use of the model in universities from other regions of the country.
Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Vietnam: Empirical Study and Policy Implications
Authors: Quy Nguyen Hoang
Published: October 2016

This paper studies the impact of foreign aid on Vietnam economic growth. By analyzing Vietnam statistical data, the research results show a negative relationship between foreign aid and economic growth of Vietnam. The main reason may be due to wrong and ineffective usage of this aids, and also corruption in the country. On these basis, we propose some recommendations for improving the performance of aid usage by strictly managing and reasonably allocating aid fund. Accordingly, Vietnam Government should improve the State’s management capacity by implementing decentralized administration in a clear and transparent manner; by simplifying procedures; by improving aid-funded project appraisal; and by ensuring an independence of foreign aids.
“A gente sente que precisa e pode...”: os desafios para a inclusão da saúde mental na Atenção Básica
Authors: Angelini Carina Robles , Caccia-Bava Maria do Carmo Gullaci Guimarães
Published: October 2016

A política de saúde mental brasileira enfatiza a necessidade de inclusão do cuidado da saúde mental desde o nível primário de atenção à saúde, em uma rede diversificada de cuidado coordenado e humanizado. Objetivos: compreender como os trabalhadores das equipes de saúde da família dimensionam e organizam suas práticas de cuidado ao doente mental. Métodos: estudo qualitativo em que foi utilizado grupo focal como método de coleta e o Construcionismo Social como referencial teórico para análise. Resultados: embora reconheçam a dificuldade de mudar o foco de cuidado da doença para a pessoa, os profissionais percebem a necessidade de mudança e as potencialidades da ESF ressaltando que “há algo mais que se pode fazer”. Conclusão: as potencialidades da ESF podem ser ativadas com investimentos nas interações interpessoais e na construção de novos saberes, e os processos de mudança devem ser disparados por toda a equipe além do NASF e das equipes de saúde mental.
Osteonecrose mandibular relacionada com bifosfonatos orais em paciente idosa polimedicada
Authors: Aiex Leticia Simao , Jimenez Maria Villa Juárez , Milena Alejandro Pérez
Published: October 2016

A polifarmácia define-se como o consumo de cinco ou mais fármacos simultâneos durante um período de tempo determinado e é cada vez mais frequente em pessoas maiores de 65 anos. A osteoporose é a alteração metabólica óssea mais frequente nos países ocidentais e o segundo problema sanitário no mundo, depois das doenças cardiovasculares. Sua maior complicação é a fratura por fragilidade, afetando mais mulheres que homens. A prevenção de fraturas por osteoporose é feita com diversos tipos de remédios e os mais usados são os bifosfonatos. Estes são fármacos com amplo uso em Atenção Primária, principalmente para osteoporose pós-menopáusica. Apesar de serem bem tolerados, não estão isentos de efeitos secundários, sendo um dos mais graves a osteonecrose mandibular, como ocorre no caso exposto neste trabalho. Por este e outros motivos, sempre é importante ponderar risco-benefício de forma individualizada antes de começar qualquer tratamento e, principalmente, quando se trata a de pacientes polimedicados.
Abordagem de usuários de crack na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Dias Leda Chaves , Harzheim Erno , Bavaresco Caren , Gonçalves Marcelo Rodrigues , Curra Mariana Dias
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: identificar abordagens efetivas para o manejo de adultos usuários de crack no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Métodos: revisão sistemática realizada nas principais bases de dados eletrônicos e estudos adicionais, que incluiu os estudos sobre “crack” ou “crack/cocaína” no contexto da pesquisa, publicados nos últimos dez anos. A avaliação de evidências foi realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes, por meio de instrumentos distintos, um para estudos observacionais, outro para os de intervenção. Resultados: foram incluídos na análise de evidências 16 estudos identificados a partir de 2017 referências. O tipo de delineamentos nas investigações incluiu estudos observacionais (6) e estudos de intervenção (10). Dois artigos observacionais apresentaram boa qualidade de evidência, e a melhor evidência encontrada entre os artigos de intervenção foi de nível moderado (um artigo). Conclusão: a revisão sistemática não obteve artigos que apresentassem evidências de alta qualidade para serem orientadas ao contexto da APS, pois nenhum estudo avaliando as atribuições da APS ou especificando o manejo dos profissionais neste nível foi encontrado. Permanecem as evidências geradas no período anterior ao estipulado pela revisão.
Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Afro-descendants: a study of the Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Maria do Carmo Lacerda , Barbosa José Bonifácio , Guerra Luis Felipe Alves , Barbosa Mirza Ferreira Lima , Barbosa Felipe Lacerda , Barbosa Raphael Lacerda , Guida Dayane Lima , Martins Maylla Luanna Barbosa , Bouskela Eliete , Nascimento Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão , Melo Gabriel Sandrin de Oliveira , Castro Mariana Marques da Silva
Published: October 2016

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed from February 2010 to November 2011. A total of 202 individuals belonging to the Quilombola communities in Codó, Maranhão were assessed. Risk factors associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) were evaluated. Results: the results showed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (72.28%) and hypertension (43.07%). Isolated hypertriglyceridemia (38.61%) with normal levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was present in most individuals. Furthermore, the prevalence of MS and the estimated cardiovascular risks were low in this population. Conclusion: dyslipidemia, at the expense of triglycerides, and hypertension was highly prevalent. However, the frequency of other risk factors for cardiovascular events was low. A low prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score for cardiovascular diseases was also identified.
Educação continuada em gerontologia para agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: Placideli Nádia , Ruiz Tania
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de um Programa de Educação em Gerontologia desenvolvido à Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Métodos: estudo de intervenção (comparação antes e depois) com participação de 111 agentes comunitários, com perda de 25 (22,5%), atuantes nas 12 unidades de saúde da família de um município do interior paulista, em 2012. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário sociodemográfico, instrumento de avaliação do contato dos agentes comunitários com idosos e questionário para avaliação de conhecimentos gerontológicos (Questionário Palmore-Neri-Cachioni). Foi desenvolvido um Programa de Educação em Gerontologia junto aos agentes comunitários, no período de 5 dias: encontros com duração de 90 minutos cada um, abordando temas relacionados à velhice e envelhecimento. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa SAS versão 9.2 para Windows. Resultados: prevaleceram entre os agentes os adultos jovens, do sexo feminino, casados, com ensino médio completo e inseridos na atividade há mais de dois anos e meio. A maioria dos agentes expôs sempre ter contato com idosos, cultivado em âmbito do trabalho e intrafamiliar e relatou experiência com a população dessa faixa etária, mais da metade referiu ter participado de educação gerontológica. O maior número de acertos ao questionário de avaliação sobre conhecimentos gerontológicos, aplicado antes, imediatamente após e depois de três meses ao desenvolvimento do Programa de Educação em Gerontologia, demonstrou melhor desempenho dos agentes na segunda e terceira aplicações desse instrumento realizadas após o programa, tornando evidente a importância de educação em gerontologia para esse público. Conclusão: promover educação em gerontologia para agentes comunitários de saúde é fundamental, pois providos de conhecimentos podem reforçar seu papel mediante a equipe de saúde e população, dentre ela, os idosos.
Burgers and Fries: Exploring Equivalent Expressions
Authors: Parker Frieda , Treviño Vida
Published: October 2016

This activity engages students in a lesson about algebraic relationships concerning groupings of hamburgers and French fries, coupled with full-page activity sheets.
Screencasting in the math classroom
Authors: Soto Melissa , Schwappach Bethany
Published: October 2016

Postscript items are designed as rich grab-and-go resources that any teacher can quickly incorporate into his or her classroom repertoire with little effort and maximum impact. Screencasts allow students to share their thinking and strategies and help teachers notice how a child solved a problem, beyond just examining the student's finished work. The authors share novel ways to use screencasting in mathematics classrooms.
Approaches Vary Plant to Plant for Optimum Membrane Cleaning
Authors: Whynman Dustin , Hugaboom Dan
Published: October 2016

Improve membrane performance with careful reviews of cleaning regime, frequency, process length, chemical flexibility, and system‐specific issues.
Analysis of cellular behavior and cytoskeletal dynamics reveal a constriction mechanism driving optic cup morphogenesis
Authors: Nicolás-Pérez María , Kuchling Franz , Letelier Joaquín , Polvillo Rocío , Wittbrodt Jochen , Martínez-Morales Juan R
Published: October 2016

Contractile actomyosin networks have been shown to power tissue morphogenesis. Although the basic cellular machinery generating mechanical tension appears largely conserved, tensions propagate in unique ways within each tissue. Here we use the vertebrate eye as a paradigm to investigate how tensions are generated and transmitted during the folding of a neuroepithelial layer. We record membrane pulsatile behavior and actomyosin dynamics during zebrafish optic cup morphogenesis by live imaging. We show that retinal neuroblasts undergo fast oscillations and that myosin condensation correlates with episodic contractions that progressively reduce basal feet area. Interference with lamc1 function impairs basal contractility and optic cup folding. Mapping of tensile forces by laser cutting uncover a developmental window in which local ablations trigger the displacement of the entire tissue. Our work shows that optic cup morphogenesis is driven by a constriction mechanism and indicates that supra-cellular transmission of mechanical tension depends on ECM attachment.