bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPATIBILIDADE VISUAL DAS REDES DE DRENAGENS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JORDÃO (MG) EXTRAÍDAS DOS MDEs SRTM E ASTER USANDO OPERADORES DE SIMPLIFICAÇÃO E SUAVIZAÇÃO
Authors: Santil Fernando Luiz P , Tolentino Franciele Marques , Silva Claudionor Ribeiro
Published: March 2018

A generalização cartográfica visa adaptar as feições cartográficas e as suas relações geográficas de acordo com a escala de representação do produto cartográfico. Com o advento dos computadores, os operadores permitem observar essa adaptação geométrica e semântica desse conjunto de feições segundo a função e a finalidade estabelecidas para esse produto. Com o propósito de analisar visualmente a generalização cartográfica de feições lineares extraídas do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), a partir da aplicação dos operadores simplificação e suavização, tornou-se o foco deste trabalho. No caso, foram usados os algoritmos POINT-REMOVE, para a simplificação e o PAEK, para a suavização das redes de drenagem extraídas a partir do MDE ASTER e do MDE SRTM, respectivamente, com 30 e 90 metros de resolução espacial.  Esses operadores estão disponíveis no software ARCGis 10.1 e a área de estudo foi a  bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jordão (MG). Houve controle da qualidade posicional da carta topográfica gerada em meio digital e dos MDEs e a comparação visual ocorreu com a sobreposição desses produtos. Para essa análise visual se valeu dos princípios da fotointerpretação, do modelo de comunicação cartográfica e os resultados apontam maior similitude entre os trechos lineares com a carta topográfica dessa bacia, independentemente do MDE. Por outro lado, a resolução espacial e a topografia interferem na extração dessa rede de drenagem
Técnicas de Geoprocessamento aplicadas na Identificação de usos da terra no entorno das turfeiras da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional
Authors: Da Fonseca Samuel Ferreira , Silva Alexandre Christófaro , De Senna Juliano Alves
Published: March 2018

Turfeiras são produtos da lenta decomposição de vegetais em ambientes saturados com água. Estes ecossistemas acumulam grandes volumes de matéria orgânica e preservam registros paleoclimáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi cartografar a evolução cronológica (1964 - 2014) da ocupação de áreas adjacentes à turfeiras da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional para identificar atividades antrópicas. Utilizou-se produtos do sensoriamento remoto, como fotografias aéreas e imagens dos satélites Landsat (TM/5 e OLI/8). Realizou-se georreferenciamento, mosaicagem, classificação supervisionada (MaxVer) e vetorização. Os resultados possibilitaram a identificação dos tipos de uso da terra (pastagem, eucalipto e outras culturas) nas adjacências das turfeiras. Constatou-se que a atividade agrícola mais intensa na área estudada foi o cultivo de eucalipto, inexistente em 1964, mas em 2014 ocupava 341,37 ha (2,07% da área adjacente total). Outras culturas (milho, café e morango), não cultivadas na área desta pesquisa em 1964, passaram a ocupar 312,46 ha (1,90%) em 2014. As pastagens passaram de 378,57 ha em 1964 para 522,57 ha em 2014, (um avanço de 2,30% para 3,17%) da área adjacente total.
VERIFICAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE ORTOMOSAICOS PRODUZIDOS A PARTIR DE IMAGENS OBTIDAS COM AERONAVE REMOTAMENTE PILOTADA SEM O USO DE PONTOS DE APOIO
Authors: Sopchaki Carlos Henrique , Paz Otacílio Lopes de Souza da , Graça Niarkios Luiz Santos de Salles , Sampaio Tony Vinicius Moreira
Published: March 2018

As RPAs (Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas) têm sido amplamente utilizadas na geração de ortomosaicos e modelos digitais de elevação (MDE), que subsidiam as análises geoespaciais. Por vezes, estas análises demandam levantamentos rápidos e/ou são feitos em áreas remotas, o que inviabiliza o uso de RPAs associadas a pontos de apoio para a correção da posição, ajuste e avaliação da qualidade dos ortomosaicos e MDEs. Atualmente é possível a geração automatizada destes produtos através do uso de rotinas preestabelecidas disponíveis em programas especializados na manipulação das imagens obtidas pelas RPAs. Este trabalho avaliou a qualidade planimétrica dos ortomosaicos produzidos a partir de imagens coletadas com RPAs criados a partir do uso de rotinas automatizadas de software especialista, sem o emprego de pontos de apoio de campo. Como resultado observou-se que 100% dos ortomosaicos produzidos enquadram-se na Classe A da escala 1:50.000 ou superior (PEC-PCD - Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfica dos Produtos Cartográficos Digitais), sendo a melhor acurácia planimétrica obtida compatível com a escala 1:5.000. Os ortomosaicos apresentaram padrão regular de distribuição do erro, não apresentando áreas preferenciais de deformação. Os erros nas distâncias obtidas nos ortomosaicos são inferiores a 1,6% ao valor da distância medida.
Impeachment e devido processo legal
Authors: Perlingeiro Ricardo
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo versa sobre a aplicação do devido processo legal no impeachment de Presidente no direito constitucional brasileiro, tendo, como pano de fundo, o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, julgado no dia 31 de agosto de 2016. O autor apresenta uma perspectiva crítica do direito brasileiro, a partir do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos e também de algumas anotações comparadas com o modelo europeu de direitos humanos. O texto organiza-se em duas partes. A primeira discorre sobre o cabimento de um devido processo legal procedimental no impeachment e suas implicações no nível de deferência do Judiciário em favor do Senado na sua função jurisdicional; a segunda, tendo como premissa um regime constitucional de deferência plena do Judiciário em favor do Senado, enumera certas garantias processuais que seriam necessárias ao impeachment. Conforme o autor, somente em caráter excepcional, no caso de insuficiência de tais garantias, a jurisdição sobre os aspectos jurídicos e fáticos do impeachment seria entregue ao Judiciário, como uma alternativa do direito interno brasileiro para atender à jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no que concerne ao direito a uma tutela “judicial” efetiva como um direito humano fundamental.
From an idealized separation of powers to its practical problems in the Rule of Law
Authors: Cichelero César Augusto , Ferri Caroline , Nunes Eduardo Brandão
Published: March 2018

The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems.  The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens.
“Diálogo” entre Poderes no Brasil? Da inconstitucionalidade da regulação da vaquejada à vaquejada como patrimônio cultural imaterial brasileiro: uma análise crítica
Authors: Hennig Leal Mônia Clarissa , De Moraes Maria Valentina
Published: March 2018

A (in)constitucionalidade da prática da vaquejada recentemente tornou-se o centro da análise dos Poderes Judiciário, Executivo e Legislativo no Brasil. Em alguns meses, a prática foi considerada inconstitucional pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, tornou-se reconhecida por lei como patrimônio cultural imaterial brasileiro e foi objeto de uma Proposta de Emenda à Constituição, da qual decorreu a Emenda Constitucional nº. 96, que excluiu das práticas cruéis aos animais aquelas decorrentes de práticas culturais que sejam regulamentadas e que assegurem o bem-estar dos animais. Pretende-se, nesse contexto, analisar se a postura adotada pelos Poderes do Estado pautou-se no diálogo institucional ou ignorou a relação harmônica inerente ao Princípio da Separação de Poderes, utilizando-se, para tanto, o método dedutivo. Analisa-se, então, num primeiro momento, a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº.4.983/CE e, após,a referida Proposta de Emenda à Constituição, bem como a Lei nº. 13.364/16, a qual regulamenta a vaquejada, e a Emenda Constitucional nº. 96,sendo por fim, abordada a questão relativa ao diálogo institucional. Se extrai desse conjunto de decisões tomadas pelos três Poderes a tentativa de realização de um diálogo pelo Poder Legislativo, ao menos no que se refere à utilização de argumentos que tentam se contrapor àqueles que levaram à sua declaração de inconstitucionalidade pelo mais alto Tribunal do país.
Sumário Bilingue
Authors: Table of Contents Bilingual
Published: March 2018

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Paddenstoelen, prikkeldraadversperringen en sleepnetten
Authors: Hijzen Constant
Published: March 2018

Dragnets, running engines and a state within the state: metaphors in the history of Dutch security services, 1919 till now

Since intelligence and espionage are so secret by nature, discussing it proves to be rather difficult. Debates about intelligence therefore tend to be fought with metaphors. Using Johnson’s and Lakoff’s idea that metaphors provide conceptual frameworks and thus have real-world effects, as well as Butler’s idea of performative power, this article has explored the most widely used metaphors in Dutch intelligence history. The Dutch security services have been depicted, in a wide variety of images, broadly as remnants of the past (ruins or ‘anachronisms’), as spies on wooden shoes, as a stowaway of democracy, and as a state within the state. Since the civil servants and politicians almost always felt the need to respond to these metaphors, by providing explanation, nuance, and facts – or by introducing a competing metaphor – it is argued that these metaphors have real-world effects, showing how the security service was positioned in politics and society.
Gestión y producción multilingüe en sistemas de información web: repsol.com, un caso de éxito
Authors: Díez Orzas Dr. Pedro Luis
Published: March 2018

Líder en comunicació digital, www.repsol.com ha resolt les seves necessitats multilíngües, exigents i àmplies, gràcies a sistemes avançats. Linguaserve ha contribuït tant en la interoperabilitat, per a l'intercanvi i la gestió multilingüe amb el client, com en la gestió i la producció multilingüe de continguts, mitjançant metodologies i eines comprovades, plataformes integrades i un equip molt professional.
Revisión del entorno de trabajo de un traductor de contenido web
Authors: Estellés Anna
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la figura del traductor en relación con el entorno cambiante y en constante evolución en que tiene lugar la localización de contenidos web. Para ello, realizamos un repaso general sobre las novedades en la industria y a continuación, explicamos algunas de las funciones del traductor en este contexto y los tipos de herramientas que le pueden ayudar a desempeñar su trabajo.
La traducció xarxa: utopies i distopies
Authors: Estella Clota Marta
Published: March 2018

Aquest article presenta una anàlisi dels canvis disruptius que experimenta actualment la traducció, conseqüència de l'emergència del web 2.0 com a nou paradigma social i tecnològic, i de la globalització del treball i dels mercats. Conclou amb un apunt sobre les oportunitats que l'economia del coneixement obre al treball lingüístic.
Amérique française et « microhistoire globale » : la famille Rozier dans le Kentucky et le Missouri, 1806-1860
Authors: Villerbu Tangi
Published: March 2018

Ferdinand Rozier, issu d’une famille de négociants nantais, a migré vers les États-Unis en 1806. Après quelques années sur la côte Est et dans le Kentucky, il a, en 1811, fondé une famille avec une Créole, Constance Roy, à Sainte-Geneviève, dans le Missouri. Nous étudions dans cet article son itinéraire et celui de ses enfants, à partir d’une approche microhistorique qui replace Rozier en contexte et recrée les solidarités ainsi que les réseaux qui lui permettent de construire sa vie et celle de sa descendance. Cette analyse nous conduira à une réflexion globale sur les notions d’Amérique française et de communauté.
La chanson de tradition orale des Pays d’en haut : un tour d’horizon
Authors: Pichette Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2018

Si l’on devait considérer l’ensemble des « régions à l’ouest et au nord de Montréal », la notion de « folklore des Pays d’en haut » pourrait, à elle seule, faire l’objet d’un colloque entier. Notre propos, plus modeste, se limite à la chanson. La documentation écrite des chroniqueurs atteste déjà, dès l’ouverture de ces territoires jusqu’à la fin du xixe siècle, la présence marquante de la chanson de tradition orale, même si les retranscriptions intégrales y sont clairsemées. La captation de la littérature orale auprès de témoins vivants est une invention toute récente. Inaugurée par Marius Barbeau en 1914, elle a touché l’Outaouais puis le nord de l’Ontario au milieu du xxe siècle et n’a guère débordé cette province avant les années 1970. Cet exposé esquisse à grands traits l’état présent de la documentation orale connue sur ces régions à l’ouest de l’Outaouais, en attente d’une étude plus fouillée.
HERNIJE KOD PRASADI U INTENZIVNOM UZGOJU SVINJA
Authors: Spasojević J. , Toholj B. , Stevančević M. , Stevančević O. , Stojanac N. , Ačanski A.
Published: March 2018

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Entorhinal cortex receptive fields are modulated by spatial attention, even without movement
Authors: Wilming Niklas , König Peter , König Seth , Buffalo Elizabeth A
Published: March 2018

Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex allow for the precise decoding of position in space. Along with potentially playing an important role in navigation, grid cells have recently been hypothesized to make a general contribution to mental operations. A prerequisite for this hypothesis is that grid cell activity does not critically depend on physical movement. Here, we show that movement of covert attention, without any physical movement, also elicits spatial receptive fields with a triangular tiling of space. In monkeys trained to maintain central fixation while covertly attending to a stimulus moving in the periphery we identified a significant population (20/141, 14% neurons at a FDR <5%) of entorhinal cells with spatially structured receptive fields. This contrasts with recordings obtained in the hippocampus, where grid-like representations were not observed. Our results provide evidence that neurons in macaque entorhinal cortex do not rely on physical movement.
Codon usage bias controls mRNA and protein abundance in trypanosomatids
Authors: Jeacock Laura , Faria Joana , Horn David
Published: March 2018

Protein abundance differs from a few to millions of copies per cell. Trypanosoma brucei presents an excellent model for studies on codon bias and differential gene expression because transcription is broadly unregulated and uniform across the genome. T. brucei is also a major human and animal protozoal pathogen. Here, an experimental assessment, using synthetic reporter genes, revealed that GC3 codons have a major positive impact on both mRNA and protein abundance. Our estimates of relative expression, based on coding sequences alone (codon usage and sequence length), are within 2-fold of the observed values for the majority of measured cellular mRNAs (n > 7000) and proteins (n > 2000). Our estimates also correspond with expression measures from published transcriptome and proteome datasets from other trypanosomatids. We conclude that codon usage is a key factor affecting global relative mRNA and protein expression in trypanosomatids and that relative abundance can be effectively estimated using only protein coding sequences.
Modulation of Prdm9-controlled meiotic chromosome asynapsis overrides hybrid sterility in mice
Authors: Gregorova Sona , Gergelits Vaclav , Chvatalova Irena , Bhattacharyya Tanmoy , Valiskova Barbora , Fotopulosova Vladana , Jansa Petr , Wiatrowska Diana , Forejt Jiri
Published: March 2018

Hybrid sterility is one of the reproductive isolation mechanisms leading to speciation. Prdm9, the only known vertebrate hybrid-sterility gene, causes failure of meiotic chromosome synapsis and infertility in male hybrids that are the offspring of two mouse subspecies. Within species, Prdm9 determines the sites of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and meiotic recombination hotspots. To investigate the relation between Prdm9-controlled meiotic arrest and asynapsis, we inserted random stretches of consubspecific homology on several autosomal pairs in sterile hybrids, and analyzed their ability to form synaptonemal complexes and to rescue male fertility. Twenty-seven or more megabases of consubspecific (belonging to the same subspecies) homology fully restored synapsis in a given autosomal pair, and we predicted that two or more DSBs within symmetric hotspots per chromosome are necessary for successful meiosis. We hypothesize that impaired recombination between evolutionarily diverged chromosomes could function as one of the mechanisms of hybrid sterility occurring in various sexually reproducing species.
Standardization of a multiplex real-time PCR test for the identification of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. costaricensis and A. vasorum
Authors: Varela-M Rubén E. , Arias Jinney Stefany , Velásquez Luz Elena
Published: March 2018

Introducción. En el mundo, las angiostrongilosis de mayor impacto en salud humana y animal son ocasionadas por Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. costaricensis y A. vasorum. En las personas, las formas clínicas son la meningitis eosinofílica y la angiostrongilosis abdominal, y, en los mamíferos cánidos, el daño cardiopulmonar. Se las consideran enfermedades emergentes debido a la propagación mundial del caracol africano Lissachatina fulica, un huésped intermediario de los parásitos. Los escasos métodos de identificación de Angiostrongylus spp. no son muy específicos ni sensibles y son costosos. Se necesita urgentemente una herramienta diagnóstica asequible, sensible y específicapara el manejo de las angiostrongilosis humana y la animal.Objetivo. Desarrollar una prueba de PCR múltiple en tiempo real (qPCR) para identificar las tres especies patógenas de Angiostrongylus.Materiales y métodos. Mediante un análisis bioinformático se seleccionó una secuencia del genoma ITS-2 de Angiostrongylus para garantizar la especificidad del cebador y las sondas. El ADN de los parásitos adultos (control positivo) y de las larvas se extrajo con el estuche DNeasyBlood & Tissue®.Las reacciones de la PCR cuantitativa se ejecutaron en un termociclador Smartcycler Cepheid®, usando el estuche de mezcla maestra QuantiTect®. Como control negativo, se utilizó ADN humano, de otros parásitos y del caracol africano.Resultados. Los valores del ciclo umbral para los controles positivos de ADN fueron: 21 para Angiostrongylus cantonensis, 22 para A. costaricensis y 31 para A. vasorum. En los controles negativos, el ciclo umbral fue cero. La qPCR mostró una eficiencia de amplificación de 2 (100 %).Conclusiones. En el laboratorio se estandarizó una qPCR múltiple para tres especies clínicamente significativas de Angiostrongylus.
SHTLV-I/II seroprevalence in blood donors of Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank during the period 2014-2015
Authors: Muñoz Manuela , Carvalho Santiago , Donado Jorge Hernando , Barco Gloria Eugenia , Jaramillo Sergio
Published: March 2018

Introducción. El virus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV) es un retrovirus del cual se conocen varios tipos, entre ellos el HTLV-I y el HTLV-II, los cuales son de importancia clínica por ser los causantes de diferentes enfermedades, como la leucemia y el linfoma de células T del adulto, la paraparesia espástica tropical y la mielopatía asociada al HTLV.Objetivo. Obtener la prevalencia de las reacciones presuntiva y confirmatoria de los virus HTLV-I y HTLV-II en los donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín, entre el 2014 y el 2015.Materiales y métodos. La información se obtuvo de la base de datos del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Se analizaron la edad, el sexo y el lugar de procedencia y de residencia de los donantes, así como la reacción en la prueba de tamización (ELISA) y en la prueba confirmatoria (inmunoblot). Resultados. La población de donantes estudiados incluyó a 6.275 hombres y 8.148 mujeres, para un total de 14.423 donantes reclutados entre el 1° de marzo de 2014 y el 30 de junio de 2015. De ellos, 25 resultaron positivos para HTLV-I o HTLV-II en la prueba de tamización (ELISA). En la prueba confirmatoria (inmunoblot), nueve (36 %) pacientes fueron positivos para el HTLV-I o HTLV-II , y de ellos ocho (32 %) lo fueron para el HTLV-I y uno (4 %) para el HTLV-II; la seroprevalencia global fue de 0,06 % (IC95% 0,10-0,25). Conclusiones. Los hallazgos del estudio concordaron con los de estudios similares en áreas no endémicas del país y con los de los estudios consultados a nivel internacional.
Zoonotic intestinal nematodes in dogs from public parks in Yucatán, México
Authors: Medina-Pinto Rodrigo Adán , Rodríguez-Vivas Roger Iván , Bolio-González Manuel Emilio
Published: March 2018

Introducción. Los perros representan un potencial riesgo para la salud pública debido a que transmiten infecciones parasitarias al hombre.Objetivo. Estimar la frecuencia y determinar los factores asociados a la presencia de huevos de nematodos intestinales en heces de perros recolectadas en parques públicos de Mérida, Yucatán, México.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 100 muestras de heces de perros recolectadas en 20 parques públicos de dos zonas de la ciudad. Las muestras se procesaron mediante las técnicas de flotación centrifugada y de McMaster para confirmar la presencia de huevos de nematodos intestinales y cuantificarlos por gramo de heces. Se determinaron los factores asociados a la presencia de los huevos mediante un análisis univariado de χ2.Resultados. Se encontró una frecuencia de 11 %. Se identificaron huevos de tres especies de parásitos y Ancylostoma caninum fue el más frecuente (10 %), seguido por Toxocara canis (1 %) y Trichuris vulpis (1 %). La mayoría de las muestras positivas presentaba infección con un nematodo intestinal únicamente (10 %) y solo el 1 % resultó positivo para infección mixta por A. caninum y T. vulpis. La presencia de perros sin dueño en los parques públicos fue el factor asociado (p=0,046) con un mayor número de heces positivas para huevos de nematodos intestinales.Conclusiones. En los parques de la ciudad se encontraron heces de perros con huevos de nematodos intestinales con potencial zoonótico; la probabilidad de que las muestras fueran positivas fue mayor en los parques con presencia de perros sin dueño.
Costo-efectividad de dos esquemas de prevención de la infección por citomegalovirus en pacientes con trasplante renal y riesgo intermedio en Colombia
Authors: Contreras Kateir , Vargas María José , García Paola , González Camilo A. , Rodríguez Patricia , Castañeda-Cardona Camilo , Otálora-Esteban Margarita , Rosselli Diego
Published: March 2018

Introducción. El citomegalovirus es la causa más frecuente de infección en pacientes con trasplante renal. Existen dos estrategias de similar efectividad para prevenirlo: la profilaxis universal con valganciclovir durante 90 días o el tratamiento anticipado verificando la carga viral semanal y aplicándolo solo si esta es positiva.Objetivo. Determinar cuál de estas dos estrategias sería más costo-efectiva en pacientes de riesgo intermedio en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó un árbol de decisiones bajo la perspectiva del tercer pagador considerando únicamente los costos médicos directos en pesos colombianos (COP) del 2014 durante un periodo de un año en una población de pacientes con riesgo intermedio para citomegalovirus (donante positivo y receptor positivo, o donante negativo y receptor positivo). Las probabilidades de transición se extrajeron de los estudios clínicos y se validaron con expertos mediante el método Delphi.Los costos de los procedimientos se basaron en el manual tarifario ISS 2001, con un incremento del 33 % a partir del índice de precios al consumidor (IPC) en salud de 2014, en tanto que los de los medicamentos se extrajeron de las circulares del Ministerio de Salud y del Sistema de Información de Medicamentos (Sismed).Resultados. La profilaxis universal con valganciclovir resultó ser menos costosa y se asoció con una menor probabilidad de infección. El costo promedio del primer año de tratamiento anticipado sería de COP$ 30’961.290, mientras que el universal sería de COP$ 29’967.834, es decir, un costo ‘incremental’ de COP$ 993.456.Conclusiones. Para los pacientes de riesgo intermedio con trasplante renal en Colombia, la profilaxis universal es la mejor estrategia por ser menos costosa y reducir el riesgo de infección.
Molecular typing of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and species of the subgenus Viannia associated with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in Colombia: A concordance study
Authors: Ovalle-Bracho Clemencia , Camargo Carolina , Díaz-Toro Yira , Parra-Muñoz Marcela
Published: March 2018

Introducción. La electroforesis de enzimas multilocus (Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis, MLEE) es el estándar de referencia para la tipificación de las especies de Leishmania. La prueba está restringida a laboratorios especializados por su complejidad técnica, sus costos y el tiempo necesario para obtener resultados. La PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) se utiliza para tipificar especies de Leishmania.Objetivo. Establecer la concordancia entre las dos pruebas como métodos de tipificación de las especies circulantes en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 96 aislamientos de pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea o mucocutánea y se tipificaron mediante MLEE y PCR-RFLP con los blancos moleculares miniexon y hsp70 usados en serie. Las enzimas de restricción aplicadas fueron la HaeIII y la BccI, respectivamente. Se calculó el coeficiente kappa y un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 %.Resultados. Se determinó que la concordancia fue “muy buena” al obtener un coeficiente de 0,98 (IC95%: 0,98-1,00). Las especies identificadas fueron: Leishmania Viannia braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis y L. (L,) amazonensis. De los 96 aislamientos, 80 se enviaron a secuenciación y se confirmaron los resultados obtenidos mediante PCR-RFLP.Conclusión. Dada la concordancia obtenida con la PCR-RFLP amplificando los genes miniexon y hsp70, se propone esta prueba como alternativa para la tipificación de especies de Leishmania circulantes en Colombia.
Plasmonic coupling in Au, Ag and Al nanosphere homo-dimers for sensing and SERS
Authors: Katyal J.
Published: March 2018

The localized surface plasmon resonance of homo-dimer nanostructures is studied using FDTD simulations. The calculated LSPR wavelength of Au, Ag and Al nanosphere forming a homo-dimer configuration is compared and the results reveal a larger LSPR shift in Ag and Al homo-dimer than in Au homo-dimer. Taking the sensitivity of LSPR shape to the size and interparticle spacing of nanoparticle along with a surrounding refractive index, parameters like refractive index sensitivity have been determined. The spherical homo-dimer over the whole range of particle size, studied here shows the index sensitivity order as Ag>Al>Au. Hence, the use of plasmonic material towards the refractive index sensing applications is useful in this order.  The average refractive index sensitivities of Ag, Al and Au are 287.09 nm/RIU, 210.21 nm/RIU and 192.47 nm/RIU in DUV-Visible-NIR region. Apart from LSPR shift, the highly confined near-field intensity enhancement of homo-dimer nanostructures for SERS has also been studied. The interacting homo-dimer nanoparticles reveals intensity enhancements in the junction. Comparing the field enhancement for Au, Ag and Al homo-dimer nanostructure 10^8-10^9  have been theoretically predicted in DUV-UV-visible region which can be used to strongly enhance the Raman scattering of molecules.
Detection of linear features including bone and skin areas in ultrasound images of joints
Authors: Bąk Artur , Segen Jakub , Wereszczyński Kamil , Mielnik Pawel , Fojcik Marcin , Kulbacki Marek
Published: March 2018

Identifying the separate parts in ultrasound images such as bone and skin plays a crucial role in the synovitis detection task. This paper presents a detector of bone and skin regions in the form of a classifier which is trained on a set of annotated images. Selected regions have labels: skin or bone or none. Feature vectors used by the classifier are assigned to image pixels as a result of passing the image through the bank of linear and nonlinear filters. The filters include Gaussian blurring filter, its first and second order derivatives, Laplacian as well as positive and negative threshold operations applied to the filtered images. We compared multiple supervised learning classifiers including Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Trees, Random Forest, AdaBoost and Support Vector Machines (SVM) with various kernels, using four classification performance scores and computation time. The Random Forest classifier was selected for the final use, as it gives the best overall evaluation results.
Electroencephalographic modulations during an open- or closed-eyes motor task
Authors: Rimbert Sébastien , Al-Chwa Rahaf , Zaepffel Manuel , Bougrain Laurent
Published: March 2018

There is fundamental knowledge that during the resting state cerebral activity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) is strongly modulated by the eyes-closed condition compared to the eyes-open condition, especially in the occipital lobe. However, little research has demonstrated the influence of the eyes-closed condition on the motor cortex, particularly during a self-paced movement. This prompted the question: How does the motor cortex activity change between the eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions? To answer this question, we recorded EEG signals from 15 voluntary healthy subjects who performed a simple motor task (i.e., a voluntary isometric flexion of the right-hand index) under two conditions: eyes-closed and eyes-open. Our results confirmed strong modulation in the mu rhythm (7–13 Hz) with a large event-related desynchronisation. However, no significant differences have been observed in the beta band (15–30 Hz). Furthermore, evidence suggests that the eyes-closed condition influences the behaviour of subjects. This study gives us greater insight into the motor cortex and could also be useful in the brain-computer interface (BCI) domain.
Recalibrating the body: visuotactile ventriloquism aftereffect
Authors: Samad Majed , Shams Ladan
Published: March 2018

Visuotactile ventriloquism is a recently reported effect showing that somatotopic tactile representations (namely, representation of location along the surface of one’s arm) can be biased by simultaneous presentation of a visual stimulus in a spatial localization task along the surface of the skin. Here we investigated whether the exposure to discrepancy between tactile and visual stimuli on the skin can induce lasting changes in the somatotopic representations of space. We conducted an experiment investigating this question by asking participants to perform a localization task that included unisensory and bisensory trials, before and after exposure to spatially discrepant visuotactile stimuli. Participants localized brief flashes of light and brief vibrations that were presented along the surface of their forearms, and were presented either individually (unisensory conditions) or were presented simultaneously at the same location or different locations. We then compared the localization of tactile stimuli in unisensory tactile conditions before and after the exposure to discrepant bisensory stimuli. After exposure, participants exhibited a shift in their tactile localizations in the direction of the visual stimulus that was presented during the exposure block. These results demonstrate that the somatotopic spatial representations are capable of rapidly recalibrating after a very brief exposure to visually discrepant stimuli.
Dry Eye In Welders Of Puducherry: A Rising Occupational Hazard
Authors: Vallinayagam Muthukrishnan , Kumar Rathna , Durairaj Baba , Adiyapatham Sasidharan , Ravi Thamizharasu
Published: March 2018

Background:-

Dry eye is an ocular surface disorder. It is an occupational hazard in welders and significantly affects the quality of life. Early diagnosis is imperative as it is potentially treatable. Awareness about regular ophthalmic evaluation and use of personal protective Equipments (PPE) would be beneficial in reducing ocular morbidity. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of dry eye in welders of Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:-

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 welders from Puducherry. They were examined for the presence of dry eye using Schirmer’s test, and dry eye was graded based on the severity. Comparison of two proportions was employed and Chi–square test was used to detect the association between variables.

Results:-

The prevalence of dry eye in welders was observed to be 42.5%. While 32.94% of welders with bilateral dry eye showed similar grades of severity in both eyes, 27.06% displayed varying levels of severity. Dry eye was noted only in the right eye in 23.53% welders and only in the left eye in 16.47%. There was a significant correlation between the prevalence of dry eye and the duration (in years) of exposure to welding (X2=6.78, p= 0.034). Furthermore, the study demonstrates a significant association between dry eye and working hours (per day) in two different study groups (<9 hrs and ≥ 9 hrs) (Z=6.3, P=0.0001).

Conclusion:-

Prevalence of dry eye in welders is considerably high. The impact of dry eye on the quality of life should not be underestimated. Dry eye in welders is an important occupational hazard which requires prompt treatment, to reduce the ocular morbidity and improve the quality of life. A recommendation from this study would be to educate the welders and create awareness and to prevent this occupational disease by implementing regular usage of personal protective equipments.
Correlation Between VEP Latency, CDR and PSD On Standard Automated Perimetry In Newly Diagnosed POAG Cases
Authors: Baisakhiya Shikha , Goyal Gurdev Lal , Garg Punita , Khan Zahid
Published: March 2018

Aim and Objective:-

The current study was conducted to find out the correlation between Pattern reversal VEP (visual evoked potential) parameters, standard automated perimeter parameters and cup disc ratio (CDR) in newly diagnosed cases of POAG (primary open angle glaucoma).

Materials and Methods:-

The study included 72 individuals of both the genders. The subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examination of anterior and posterior segment, IOP (intraocular pressure) measurement, visual field testing by Humphery’s automated perimeter and Pattern reversal VEP (visual evoked potential) testing. The subjects were classified into mild, moderate and severe based on MD (Mean deviation).

Results:-

In our study, the mean PSD (pattern standard deviation) and CDR (cup disc ratio) value increased with increase in the severity of glaucoma. The findings of our study also showed that increased PSD and CDR mirrored with increase in P100, N75 and N145 latency and decrease in P100 amplitude. The PSD was positively correlated with the latencies of VEP and negatively correlated with the amplitude of VEP waves (p<0.001).

Conclusion:-

We conclude that VEP can be used as a reliable tool for monitoring the progression of glaucoma.
Documenting Visual Outcome of Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty in A Tertiary Care Setting From Gujarat
Authors: Tank Ami , Mehta Falguni , Singhal Deepika , Shah Anand , Acharya Shivani
Published: March 2018

Background:-

One of the available treatments of corneal blindness is Keratoplasty. Although there are various techniques practiced by corneal surgeons; Descemet`s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with its technical advantages and manageable complications is rapidly becoming the preferred treatment for corneal endothelial dysfunction. The present study evaluates outcomes of DSEK in terms of its efficacy (visual acuity and refractive outcome).

Objective:-

To document Visual Outcomes Post Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) amongst patients with endothelial dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:-

DSEK as a part of treatment was performed on 50 eyes of 50 subjects with endothelial pathology at a tertiary eye care institute in Gujarat. The subjects were enrolled based
on pre fixed inclusion criteria and the results were evaluated in terms of Visual acuity Pre and Post DSEK surgery. Post DSEK surgery, the subjects were followed serially as the operating surgeon was the same in all the DSEK patients.

Results:-

The mean age of the study population was 63.90 ± 16.32 years. Majority were males (66%).
The difference between mean pre-operative BCVA (1.6 ± 1.0) and 1 week follow up (1.13 ± 1.01), 1 month follow up (0.7 ± 1.0), 6 month follow up (0.65 ± 1.1) was statistically significant with p value < 0.01.

Conclusion:-

After DSEK surgery, a significant improvement in post-operative visual acuity was documented at each follow up. No significant change in spherical and cylindrical refractive errors was noted.
Predictors of Unwanted Prismatic Effect Among Bespectacled Symptomatic Ammetropes (Refractive Error Less Than 4D) With Displaced Optical Centre
Authors: Valiyaveettil Babitha , Prabhu Padma B. , Asmin P.T. , Vallon Raju Kuzhippally
Published: March 2018

Aim and objectives:-

This study tries to estimate the relationship between alignment of spectacle, decentration, spherical equivalent and type of lens with induced prism in spectacles.

Design:-

Descriptive cross sectional study.

Materials and Methods:-

Symptomatic cooperative ammetropes, using spectacles and between the age of 10 and 70 years were included in this study. Induced prism in spectacles were calculated by the Prentice formula.

Results:-

The study group included 29 ammetropic patients having asthenopic symptoms while using spectacles. 65.52% (n=19) were females. The mean age of this group was 48.33 years, with a SD of ±17.45. This study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between spherical equivalent and induced prism and there is no significant correlation between decentration and induced prism.

Conclusion:-

Spherical equivalent is considered as an important factor affecting the induced prism rather than decentration and alignment problem.
Ocular Rhinosporidiosis Presenting As A Rapidly Growing Conjunctival Papilloma
Authors: Jain Kanika , Dewan Taru , Paliwal Purnima , Singh Manav Deep , Gupta Sonali
Published: March 2018

A 24 year old male, resident of Delhi, presented with complaints of a painless progressive reddish lump on the lower surface in the left eye since the past two months. On examination, a sessile 10 × 6 mm wide fleshy pink, highly vasular mass was present in the middle 2/3rd of the lower palpebral conjunctiva of the left eye. The patient was clinically diagnosed as a case of conjunctival papilloma and underwent wide surgical excision. Histopathological evaluation revealed this to be ocular rhinosporidiosis. No history suggestive of as to how the infection was acquired was obtained and other mucous memberanes were unaffected which were evaluated postoperatively to rule out other sites of inoculation. The largest reported case series of rhinosporidiosis of 462 cases in South Western India found that the disease mainly occurs in the nose and nasopharynx (81.1%), while eyes were affected in 14.2%. Many case series of ocular rhinosporidiosis from South and Southwestern India have been reported but no case reports could be found from Northern India. This case highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation of all conjunctival lesions which helps in the proper diagnosis of the case and its appropriate management.
An Unusual Case Of Ruptured Post-Traumatic Iris Implantation Cyst With Co-Existent Anterior Chamber Cilia
Authors: Chakraborti Chandana , Barua Nabanita , Kumar Sheuli , Das Anjan Kumar , Christi Rosy Kahakashan
Published: March 2018

A 13-year old boy reported with dimness of vision and whitish material inside the right eye since two weeks. There was history of injury with metallic wire in the same eye one and half years ago for which he received symptomatic treatment. He remained asymptomatic apart from mild redness in that eye occasionally. Visual acuity was 6/12 and 6/6 in the right and left eye respectively. A linear corneal scar was noted at the supero-temporal quadrant. Anterior chamber showed presence of whitish fluffy material, part of which was attached to the peripheral iris at 10-11 o’clock. A hair like foreign body was found at the bottom of the anterior chamber. The entire material was removed surgically along with the foreign body. The whitish material revealed small multiple hair like structures under the microscope. Histopathological examination showed eosinophilic acellular material with squam, suggestive of implantation dermoid. The foreign body was subsequently proven to be human hair after forensic evaluation. It was diagnosed as a case of ruptured iris implantation cyst with anterior chamber cilia.
Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome due to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Associated with Empty Sella Syndrome and Hyperprolactinaemia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Tirkey Eva Rani , Chandravanshi Shivcharan Lal , Abdulrahman Choudhary Yehsan , Jain Shashi
Published: March 2018

Pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome is characterized by unilateral papilledema with contralateral optic atrophy in the absence of intracranial space occupying lesions. A 40-year old obese Asian-Indian female presented with painless progressive diminution of vision in her right eye since one month and constant headache for two months. Fundoscopy showed optic disc pallor in the right eye and papilledema in the left eye. Serum prolactin level was raised. Cerebrospinal fluid manometry revealed high opening pressure value of 38 cm of water with normal composition. MRI scan of the brain detected empty sella syndrome. Pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome due to IIH was diagnosed and treated with oral acetazolamide 250 mg, four times a day which resulted in complete resolution of papilledema and headache over a period of two months. Here we report a case of pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome which is directly attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension and associated with empty sella syndrome and hyperprolactinaemia.
Eyelid Reconstruction Techniques : An Overview
Authors: Hada Maya
Published: March 2018

Eyelid and periocular reconstructions are often required for the defects due to trauma or following excision of neoplasms. Reconstruction of the eyelids poses a significant challenge to the budding ophthalmoplastic surgeons. A variety of techniques have been described for the repair of these defects. This comprehensive review outlines the basic principles of eyelid reconstruction and the range of surgical techniques available.
Coseismic Slip Deficit of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Ormoc Earthquake That Occurred Along a Creeping Segment and Geothermal Field of the Philippine Fault
Authors: Yang Ying‐Hui , Tsai Min‐Chien , Hu Jyr‐Ching , Aurelio Mario A. , Hashimoto Manabu , Escudero John Agustin P. , Su Zhe , Chen Qiang
Published: March 2018

Coseismic surface deformation imaged through interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements was used to estimate the fault geometry and slip distribution of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Ormoc earthquake along a creeping segment of the Philippine Fault on Leyte Island. Our best fitting faulting model suggests that the coseismic rupture occurred on a fault plane with high dip angle of 78.5° and strike angle of 325.8°, and the estimated maximum fault slip of 2.3 m is located at 6.5 km east‐northeast of the town of Kananga. The recognized insignificant slip in the Tongonan geothermal field zone implies that the plastic behavior caused by high geothermal gradient underneath the Tongonan geothermal field could prevent the coseismic failure in heated rock mass in this zone. The predicted Coulomb failure stress change shows that a significant positive Coulomb failure stress change occurred along the SE segment of central Philippine Fault with insignificant coseismic slip and infrequent aftershocks, which suggests an increasing risk for future seismic hazard.
Volcanic Structures Within Niger and Dao Valles, Mars, and Implications for Outflow Channel Evolution and Hellas Basin Rim Development
Authors: Korteniemi J. , Kukkonen S.
Published: March 2018

Outflow channel formation on the eastern Hellas rim region is traditionally thought to have been triggered by activity phases of the nearby volcanoes Hadriacus and Tyrrhenus Montes: As a result of volcanic heating subsurface volatiles were mobilized. It is, however, under debate, whether eastern Hellas volcanism was in fact more extensive, and if there were volcanic centers separate from the identified central volcanoes. This work describes previously unrecognized structures in the Niger‐Dao Valles outflow channel complex. We interpret them as volcanic edifices: cones, a shield, and a caldera. The structures provide evidence of an additional volcanic center within the valles and indicate volcanic activity both prior to and following the formation of the outflow events. They expand the extent, type, and duration of volcanic activity in the Circum‐Hellas Volcanic Province and provide new information on interaction between volcanism and fluvial activity.
Time Scales and Sources of European Temperature Variability
Authors: Årthun Marius , Kolstad Erik W. , Eldevik Tor , Keenlyside Noel S.
Published: March 2018

Skillful predictions of continental climate would be of great practical benefit for society and stakeholders. It nevertheless remains fundamentally unresolved to what extent climate is predictable, for what features, at what time scales, and by which mechanisms. Here we identify the dominant time scales and sources of European surface air temperature (SAT) variability during the cold season using a coupled climate reanalysis, and a statistical method that estimates SAT variability due to atmospheric circulation anomalies. We find that eastern Europe is dominated by subdecadal SAT variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, whereas interdecadal and multidecadal SAT variability over northern and southern Europe are thermodynamically driven by ocean temperature anomalies. Our results provide evidence that temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean are advected over land by the mean westerly winds and, hence, provide a mechanism through which ocean temperature controls the variability and provides predictability of European SAT.
Comparative analysis for renal stereotactic body radiotherapy using Cyberknife, VMAT and proton therapy based treatment planning
Authors: Baydoun Atallah , Vapiwala Neha , Ponsky Lee E. , Awan Musaddiq , Kassaee Ali , Sutton David , Podder Tarun K. , Zhang Yuxia , Dobbins Donald , Muzic Raymond F. , Traughber Bryan , Machtay Mitchell , Ellis Rodney
Published: March 2018

Purpose

We conducted this dosimetric analysis to evaluate the feasibility of a multi‐center stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) trial for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using different SBRT platforms.

Materials/methods

The computed tomography (CT) simulation images of 10 patients with unilateral RCC previously treated on a Phase 1 trial at Institution 1 were anonymized and shared with Institution 2 after IRB approval. Treatment planning was generated through five different platforms aiming a total dose of 48 Gy in three fractions. These platforms included: Cyberknife and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) at institution 1, and Cyberknife, VMAT, and pencil beam scanning (PBS) Proton Therapy at institution 2. Dose constraints were based on the Phase 1 approved trial.

Results

Compared to Cyberknife, VMAT and PBS plans provided overall an equivalent or superior coverage to the target volume, while limiting dose to the remaining kidney, contralateral kidney, liver, spinal cord, and bowel.

Conclusion

This dosimetric study supports the feasibility of a multi‐center trial for renal SBRT using PBS, VMAT and Cyberknife.