bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Active Learning through a Flipped Course Design
Authors: Hussey Heather D. , Fleck Bethany K. B. , Richmond Aaron S.
Published: November 2013

There are numerous ways in which faculty can deliver information in a blended course; however, the question remains as to which information is best suited to online delivery versus face-to-face. The focus of this chapter is on the flipped classroom, including a study in which a psychology statistics class was flipped and students’ statistical knowledge, attitudes toward statistics, and intercultural sensitivity were assessed. In order to understand the theoretical underpinnings of the classroom, the authors examine the flipped structure through Blended Learning Theory, Problem-or-Project-Based Learning Theory, and Cognitive Taxonomy Theory. Advantages and disadvantages to transitioning to such a format as well as applications to other courses and some of the best practices in a flipped course are discussed.
Benefits of the Flipped Classroom Model
Authors: Larcara Marie
Published: November 2013

With the advent of new technologies and the move for faculty to implement these into their teaching practice, a new model for course design and delivery has developed called the flipped classroom model. As more instructors investigate this model, the benefits, which include classroom management, active learning, critical thinking, and maximum use of student-faculty time together, become obvious. With classroom sizes increasing, more instruction moving online, and resources dwindling, the flipped classroom model can be an improved model for both instruction and quality learning. Research supports the benefits of the flipped classroom, but the change from a traditional classroom model to a flipped model requires a pedagogical shift on the part of both teacher and learner.
Interval Mathematics as a Potential Weapon against Uncertainty
Authors: Dawood Hend
Published: November 2013

This chapter is devoted to introducing the theories of interval algebra to people who are interested in applying the interval methods to uncertainty analysis in science and engineering. In view of this purpose, we shall introduce the key concepts of the algebraic theories of intervals that form the foundations of the interval techniques as they are now practised, provide a historical and epistemological background of interval mathematics and uncertainty in science and technology, and finally describe some typical applications that clarify the need for interval computations to cope with uncertainty in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Evidence-Based Uncertainty Modeling
Authors: Ali Tazid
Published: November 2013

Evidence is the essence of any decision making process. However in any situation the evidences that we come across are usually not complete. Absence of complete evidence results in uncertainty, and uncertainty leads to belief. The framework of Dempster-Shafer theory which is based on the notion of belief is overviewed in this chapter. Methods of combining different sources of evidences are surveyed. Relationship of probability theory and possibility theory to evidence theory is exhibited. Extension of the classical Dempster-Shafer Structure to fuzzy setting is discussed. Finally uncertainty measurement in the frame work of Dempster-Shafer structure is dealt with.
Source and m-Source Distances of Fuzzy Numbers and their Properties
Authors: Amirfakhrian Majid
Published: November 2013

In many applications of fuzzy logic and fuzzy mathematics we need (or it is better) to work with the same fuzzy numbers. In this chapter we present source distance and source distance between two fuzzy numbers. Also some properties of parametric -degree polynomial approximation operator of fuzzy numbers. Numerical examples are solved related to the present analysis.
Feral Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
Authors: Koch Christian , Kerr Don
Published: November 2013

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems continue, even in 2013, to be an important change agenda in business. This chapter initially addresses two major issues left aside in the Information Systems (IS) research on ERP: The technological content and the time dynamics. Using two different small reviews of journal articles, the authors conclude that ERP research is disregarding the profound technology changes and their impact on the challenges for employees, when implementing and operating ERP. Actors within organizations are in fact attempting to cope with these profound technology changes and the business challenges associated with ERP implementations by finding ways to fit their practices into these large integrated systems, and one strategy is developing their own (feral) systems. The chapter concludes with a call for more training and education for all employees in the content of the ERP and a need to build more contextual research in the study of ERP.
Company Restructuring as Part of a Comprehensive Change Plan during Periods of Transition in Leadership
Authors: Massad Mawakeb
Published: November 2013

This case study analyzes the organizational change that took place at Al Quds Pharmaceuticals Company, which is one of the leading pharmaceutical companies in Palestine. It highlights the phase during which change was planned and occurred. The case briefly explains a number of factors that led top management to plan an incremental, proactive organizational change targeting two major components of the organization (leadership and structure). These highlighted change components are then analyzed in terms of how they were planned, how they are currently managed and communicated to other organizational members. The case concentrates on the methodology used by the company's top management in planning and communicating the change. This includes leadership and managerial behaviors accompanying the change process, in addition to the challenges that arose, or might arise, as a result. Finally, main solutions and recommendations are suggested.
Use of ICT and Student Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Arambewela Rodney , Koralagama Dilanthi , Kaluarachchi Shyamali
Published: November 2013

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Higher Education (HE) and the capabilities of the internet have added value to university teaching and learning. It has also tested the resolve of universities to maximise the benefits of technology integration amidst increasing class sizes, student expectations, cultural diversity and mobility of students. Understanding how students learn and devising appropriate student centred instruction and learning are considered essential to the successful implementation of ICT and allied technologies in teaching and learning. Supported by the findings of an empirical study conducted in an Australian university on student learning orientations and perceptions of course delivery, this article discusses the challenges faced by universities in the integration of technology in teaching for better learning outcomes. The study indicates that technology and learning contexts have a profound influence on student learning orientations of deep or surface learning and students seem to have mixed feelings about the impact of technology in teaching and learning.
Organisational Power and the Metaphor Commodity
Authors: Stowell Frank
Published: November 2013

Organisational intervention is problematic as each inquirer has a different notion of what an organisation is and in order to make sense of it the inquirer adopts a model or concept of organisation. But models of organisation are unsatisfactory as they assume a certain level of predictability, but research shows that its members cooperate only when it is in their interest to do so; in other words it is far from being predictable. Organisational research suggests abandon ontology for epistemology in recognition of the dynamic of organisational behaviour. At a time of change tensions are created that threaten its stability and individual members and groups use their power in an attempt to shape outcomes. In order to enhance understanding of the way organisational power is used the notion of “commodity” is introduced as a means of surfacing the way in which individual power is used. By thinking in terms of commodity the inquirer gains insight into the effects of power within the group and opens the way for a wider range of discussions to take place that may bring out hidden and imagined manifestations of power.
An Information Systems Design Theory for an Expert System for Training
Authors: Reynoso Juan Manuel Gómez , Olfman Lorne , Ryan Terry , Horan Tom
Published: November 2013

The authors developed and evaluated an expert system-based training system using Information Systems Design Theory (ISDT). First, an Expert System for Training (EST) was designed and implemented, and then a version of EST without expertise features, called IST, was also created. In order to evaluate which training system (if any) delivers better training, a three-group quasi-experiment was used. Each group was trained to use Statistical Process Control (SPC). One group was trained using the EST; outcomes for this group were significantly the highest among the three. A second group was trained using the IST; outcomes were not as high as the first group but significantly higher compared with the control group. The control group was trained with traditional means. Results show that the ISDT led to a useful purposely-developed application for enhancing the training of workers who have limited education but need to know about a very specific and complex field where the availability of trainers is limited. The authors call for further research that uses this ISDT to build purposely-developed software to support training of complex tasks.
Performance Evaluation of Color Retinal Image Quality Assessment in Asymmetric Channel VQ Coding
Authors: Setiawan Agung W. , Suksmono Andriyan B. , Mengko Tati R. , Santoso Oerip S.
Published: November 2013

The RGB color retinal image has an interesting characteristic, i.e. the G channel contains more important information than the other ones. One of the most important features in a retinal image is the retinal blood vessel structure. Many diseases can be diagnosed based on in the retinal blood vessel, such as micro aneurysms that can lead to blindness. In the G channel, the contrast between retinal blood vessel and its background is significantly high. The authors explore this retinal image characteristic to construct a more suitable image coding system. The coding processes are conduct in three schemes: weighted R channel, weighted G channel, and weighted B channel coding. Their hypothesis is that allocating more bits in the G channel will improve the coding performance. The authors seek for image quality assessment (IQA) metrics that can be used to measure the distortion in retinal image coding. Three different metrics, namely Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structure Similarity (SSIM), and Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) are compared as objective assessment in image coding and to show quantitatively that G channel has more important role compared to the other ones. The authors use Vector Quantization (VQ) as image coding method due to its simplicity and low-complexity than the other methods. Experiments with actual retinal image shows that the minimum value of SSIM and VIF required in this coding scheme is 0.9940 and 0.8637.
Design and Construction of Thermally Combined Microcurrent Electrical Therapy Device as Preliminary Study for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment
Authors: Hadiprodjo Yuda G. , Iskandar Aulia A. , Nugraha Tutun
Published: November 2013

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that destructs the cartilage within joints. Even though RA cannot be cured, its progress can be slowed and its symptoms can be managed by applying microcurrent and thermal therapy to enhance the healing process of the joints. This research aims to combine two different therapeutic modalities: Microcurrent Electrical Therapy (MET) and thermal therapy, which will be called as Thermally combined Microcurrent Electrical Therapy (T-MET) device. For MET, the resulted output was square wave with fix 50% duty cycle, adjustable frequency (0.31 – 100Hz), and adjustable current amplitude (36 - 466µA). For thermal therapy, two different modes were provided: heating mode (up to 40°C) and cooling mode (up to 15°C). The test was done three times. It took 30 minutes and 105.8 minutes to reach the upper and lower limit temperature respectively. T-MET device had been designed and constructed. However, clinical trials to RA patient needs to be further investigated.
An Analysis of Trust, Employee Trustworthiness, Fraud, and Internal Controls
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Deshmukh Ashutosh , Liu Jiangxia , Stecke Kathryn E.
Published: November 2013

We analyze important strategic relationships among trust, employee trustworthiness, fraud, and internal controls. A game is modeled between a manager and an employee, two rational decision makers. The manager makes control decisions based on the strength of controls and on employee trustworthiness, which are modeled as functions of monetary and psychic costs and benefits of committing and not committing fraud. We propose a rich definition of trustworthiness that incorporates an employee’s propensity to commit fraud and sensitivity to controls. Equilibrium strategies are identified that could be used to determine the best strategy and the optimum strength of controls to use by identifying trustworthy, untrustworthy, and opportunistically trustworthy employees. A relationship of trustworthiness with a probabilistic choice of controls by the manager is established. As the strength of controls increases, the trustworthiness of the employees also increases, but a minimum critical level of trustworthiness is required to make controls effective. A high level of control may be needed to deter fraud. Also, this increase in trustworthiness does not translate to a proportional reduction of controls by the manager. We caution against excessive investments in internal controls. A low strength control with high probability of controls may be a cost effective way to deter fraud. We also explore the interaction of controls strength with the losses to the manager when fraud is committed. We find that control is not always a viable strategy. Optimal payoffs indicate that, unlike simultaneous decision making, under sequential decision making, the manager’s best strategy is to choose controls and auditing an employee. Policy implications and managerial insights of these findings are discussed.
Testing species limits of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) associated with galls induced by Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative approach
Authors: Zhang Y. Miles , Gates Michael W. , Shorthouse Joseph D.
Published: November 2013

Studies of insect host-parasitoid relationships are often confounded by the difficulties associated with species delimitation in taxonomically challenging groups. Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) are common parasitoids associated with galls induced by Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) and are difficult to identify due to their small size, morphological conservatism, and unreliable published host records. This study tests the species limits of eurytomids associated with galls induced by Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative taxonomy approach including adult morphology, the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, host records, and geographical range. Incongruences between morphological and molecular data were found within the Eurytoma discordans Bugbee complex, as Eurytoma discordans, Eurytoma acuta Bugbee, and Eurytoma calcarea Bugbee were shown to be new synonyms. The results also revealed the presence of cryptic species within Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee. Furthermore, issues that have impeded ecological and biological studies of eurytomids associated with rose galls such as host specificity and sex association were resolved using DNA barcodes, providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this difficult group.
Geology of Tavani map-area (55K), District of Keewatin
Authors: Heywood W W
Published: November 2013

Tavani map-area, situated on the west side of Hudson Bay, is in the Churchill Structural Province. Metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Kaminak Group, and intrusive plutons are well exposed in the southern half of the area, and in the Rankin Inlet
area. They are overlain by sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Hurwitz Group. The northwestern part of the area is heavily drift-covered. It is a region of gneissic and migmatitic rocks derived in part from rocks of the Kaminak Group.
Folds in both the Kaminak Group and the Hurwitz Group trend northeast.
Numerous rusty zones and gossans occur in the metavolcanic rocks of the Kaminak Group, and many have been examined by drilling and trenching.
The coastal morphology and sedimentology of Labrador: a study of shoreline sensitivity to a potential oil spill
Authors: McLaren P
Published: November 2013

The Labrador coast may be vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill, either originating from a
well blow-out, or from a tanker disaster. During the six month, ice-free period from June to
November, 42 per cent of all winds blow in directions capable of driving oil to some or all of the
coastline. Strong, unpredictable nearshore tidal currents may sweep oil far into the bays and fiords
resulting in extensive contamination of this highly convoluted shoreline.
Effective protection and cleanup strategies must follow preestablished priorities. To provide
the physical environmental information for the Labrador coast that will be necessary for future
contingency planning, the coast was mapped from Saglek Bay to Mary's Harbour with respect to
(i) slope, (ii) rock or unconsolidated coast, (iii) type and sedimentology of the beach and (iv) nature of
the intertidal zone. Each of these geomorphic/se dimentologic criteria provides an indication of the
coastal "physical sensitivity". This term is a relative measure of the seriousness of oil pollution in a
particular environment with respect to probable dispersal of oil, residence time and cleanup
difficulties. Physical sensitivity increases when (i) slope decreases, (ii) the coast is unconsolidated,
(iii) a beach is present, (iv) the beach material is coarse rather than fine, (v) intertidal flats are
present, (vi) the width of the intertidal flat increases and (vii) a boulder barricade is present.
Empirical values allotted to each of the descriptive elements of the map legend enable each
coastal map unit to be placed in an appropriate physical sensitivity category (PSC) from 1 to 10 .. In
general, as the PSC increases, the following also increase: (i) the persistence time of hydrocarbons in
the environment and hence the need for cleanup, (ii) cleanup difficulties and (iii) the potential damage
to the environment by cleanup operations.
Because of the small population, uncharted nearshore waters and rugged topography, the coastal
area does not lend itself to easy movement of men and equipment. It is suggested that an oil spill
contingency plan be implemented in the follOWing order: (i) offshore coastal protection, (ii) onshore
protection and (iii) shoreline cleanup. The physical sensitivity maps will enable rapid determination
of the environments that warrant protection whereas, if oil does pollute the coast, the descriptive
maps will provide the basis for cleanup procedures.
Coalbed methane: a comparison between Canada and the United States
Authors: Dawson F M
Published: November 2013

Coalbed methane is rapidly becoming a major source of natural gas hydrocarbons in the United States. Cumulative annual gas production was in excess of 550 BCF (end of 1992) and technically recoverable resource estimates for the United States are placed at 62 to
135 TCF.
Canada also contains abundant coal resources spread throughout numerous basins in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Maritimes, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Many of these basins contain coal of suitable quality and at sufficient depth to be considered for coalbed methane
reservoirs, but the coalbed methane resource potential is essentially undefined.
Although limited exploration for coalbed methane resources has been ongoing since the late 1970s and in excess of 80 boreholes have been drilled to test for coalbed methane, only one well is currently in production.
This paper presents a detailed overview of the geological characteristics of the San Juan and Black Warrior basins of the United States and highlights geological criteria that have allowed the development of economic coalbed methane production from these regions.
A similar overview of the major Canadian coal basins and their coalbed methane potential is also presented. Using a set of numerical criteria based upon cumulative coal thickness and theoretical gas capacity, the Canadian coal basins are ranked to highlight the regions with the highest coalbed
methane potential.
The paper also presents a general discussion on production parameters such as coal quality and maceral composition, depth of reservoir, water tables and reservoir pressures, reservoir permeability, and infrastructure. These elements are of equal importance to the coal seam's thickness and gas
content in the successful development of an economic coalbed methane well.
A framework for prioritising practices to overcome cost-related problems in reverse logistics
Authors: Badenhorst Amanda
Published: November 2013

Reverse logistics has gained increasing attention in recent years. One of the biggest problems for organisations and supply chains is reducing cost in reverse logistics. This study attempted to gain a better understanding of reverse logistics and the costs associated with it. A literature study was conducted to identify the cost problems in reverse logistics and possible practices to overcome them. Following that, a survey was conducted to determine whether the practices identified in literature are perceived to be important in South Africa and if they are viable to implement. This was done by means of a gap and opportunity analysis. Results indicated that most practices are important, but some may be difficult to implement. The framework developed in this study provides a guideline for organisations to consider, adapt and adopt the most important implementable practices to overcome cost problems in reverse logistics. The limitation of this study is that only ten respondents participated in the survey. The approach followed in this study can be used as a foundation for future studies in reverse logistics.
Predictors of institutional delivery in Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemichael Feleke , Woldie Mirkuzie , Tafese Fikru
Published: November 2013

Background: Women are more liable to die during or following delivery than during pregnancy but use of both delivery services and post-partum care is low.Objective: To find out the prevalence and predictors of institutional delivery in Wolaita Sodo (Sodo) town, southern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to look at 844 women who had given birth in the previous five years in Sodo town. The study employed a multistage-sampling scheme. Codes were given for all identified women in selected kebeles (neighbourhoods) and a simple random sampling technique was used after generating random numbers using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS was then used to carry out binary- and multiple logisticregressions. A 95% CI for the odds ratio was applied to judge the presence of relationships between variables.Results: The prevalence of institutional delivery-service utilisation in Sodo town was 62.2%. Husband educational status, parity, number of antenatal clinic visits, perceived quality of care and knowledge regarding pregnancy danger signs were independent predictors of utilisation of institutional delivery services.Conclusion: Institutional delivery service utilisation in Sodo town was much higher than the national figure. Findings in this study showed that promotion of antenatal care, involvement of men in maternal healthcare, provision of health education regarding the danger signs of pregnancy and improvement of service quality are recommended in order to sustain or even improve the current level of utilisation in the town.
Dental impression compound as an effective splint for maintenance of ear elevation in microtia reconstruction
Authors: Singh Bhandari Padam , Singh Sukhbir
Published: November 2013

Ear projection is an important goal to be achieved after stage two (ear elevation) in cases of microtia. This is a retrospective study conducted on patients with microtia who underwent staged reconstruction for the same. This study has been carried out over a period of 10 years with 211 patients. Dental impression compound was used as a splint after ear elevation and split skin grafting to maintain the projection of the ear. Projection of the ear was measured both pre- and post-procedure and at every follow-up using goniometer and photographic documentation was simultaneously done. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. Patients were reviewed every month and splint was continued until 6 months post-surgery. The splint was very effective in maintaining the ear projection of more than 20° even after prolonged follow-up of upto 2 years. There were no complications associated with the splint application or prolonged use.
Augmentation rhinoplasty with custom-made S-shape silicone implant in Asians: A 15-year experience
Authors: Lohsiriwat Visnu , Chuangsuwanich Apirag
Published: November 2013

Background: Asians have low nasal dorsum, thick skin envelope, low defined alar cartilage, low projection of nasal tip and broad alar base. Augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone prosthesis has been performed with predictable results, but unfavourable results and complications still present. This series show techniques and results from single surgeon experience. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 548 patients chart during January 1995 to December 2009. All patients underwent custom-made S-shape implant silicone augmentation rhinoplasty operated by a single surgeon. There were three major operative steps: (1) Intra-operative S-shape implant carving; (2) pocket dissection through bilateral rim incision and (3) tension adjustment before closure. All the patients were recorded for early surgical complications and satisfaction. Results: There were 519 women and 29 men. The mean age is 25.5 years (18-56 years). Mean follow-up period was 6 months (1-60 months). The majority of patient were appointed for esthetic augmentation (86.8%). 515 cases (94.9%) showed well satisfaction following the operation. The total complication rate was 6.5% (4.9% deviation, 0.7% extrusion, 0.5% hematoma and 0.3% infection). All the complications were corrected with uneventful sequelae. Conclusion: Augmentation rhinoplasty with custom-made S-shape silicone implant by closed approach provides high satisfaction with acceptable early complication rate.
Treatment of non-healing sternum wound after open-heart surgery with allogenic platelet-rich plasma and fibrin glue-preliminary outcomes
Authors: Tashnizi Mohammad Abbasi , Khayami Mohammad Esmail , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Moeinipour Aliasghar , Amouzeshi Ahmad , Seifalian Alexander M. , Alamdari Daryoush Hamidi
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Non-healing wound in the sternal region after coronary arteries bypass graft surgery is a serious complication. For healing a chronic wound, several novel approaches have been proposed recently such as using bone marrow stem cells, platelets and fibrin glue (PFG); but a non-invasive method is highly desirable in the first approach for treatment. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the combination of PFG in one treatment. Materials and Methods: We report on the treatment of six patients with life-threatening chronic sternum wounds, which caused septicemia with multi-drug resistant pathogens. The ulcers were extensively debrided initially and were measured and photographed at weekly intervals. The combination of PFG was applied topically on the wound after every 2 days. Results: The wounds were completely closed in five patients and significantly reduced in size in one. There was no evidence of local or systemic complications and any abnormal tissue formation, keloid or hypertrophic scarring. Conclusions: Our study suggests, in the first approach, PFG can be used safely in order to heal a non healing sternum wound following coronary artery bypass surgery.
Short-term augmentation of venous drainage with extra-corporeal shunt and simultaneous auto-transfusion, for salvaging a congested free flap
Authors: Patil Rahul K. , Jayaprasad Kiran , Sharma Saurabh , Sharma Mohit , Mathew Jimmy
Published: November 2013

Adequate drainage of venous blood is the most critical part of successful free tissue transfer. We report a case of anterolateral thigh flap used for covering open communited tibial fracture. The flap was salvaged with short term augmentation of venous drainage with external shunt. The drainage was continued for six days. It was confirmed that there is no more congestion after blocking the catheter and then the drainage was discontinued on seventh day. The flap was successfully salvaged. This method has potential applications in multiple situations for successful salvage of free tissue transfer.
Touraine Solente Gole syndrome: The elephant skin disease
Authors: Rajan T. M. Sheeja , Sreekumar N. C. , Sarita S. , Thushara K. R.
Published: November 2013

Touraine Solente Gole syndrome is a rare hereditary syndrome of primary pachydermoperiostosis, with the characteristic triad of pachydermia (or elephant like skin), periostosis and acropachia. A 27-year-old patient presented with aesthetic deformity of forehead due to deep skin folds and coarsening of facial features due to progressive thickening of skin. Associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with broadened of finger and toe tips and digital clubbing were noticed. Dermatologic evaluation revealed cutis verticis gyrata of scalp, seborrhoeic hyperplasia of face and hyperhidrosis. Natural history of the disease and aetiopathogenesis were reviewed. Aesthetic correction of forehead through frontal rhytidectomy was attempted.
Total upper and lower eyelid reconstruction using deltopectoral flap
Authors: Gujjalanavar Rajendra Suresh , A.C Girish
Published: November 2013

Total upper and lower eyelid unilateral full thickness reconstruction is a surgical challenge. A case of right orbital haemangioma with unilateral complete defect of total upper and lower eyelids with right orbital exenteration is reported, together with the surgical technique of reconstruction. Patient was a 24-year-old female who underwent right orbital exenteration with total upper and lower eyelid excision for orbital haemangioma presented after 3 weeks of the above procedure. In the first stage split thickness skin grafting is used to resurface orbital cavity raw area followed by staged reconstruction of total upper and lower eyelid reconstruction using pedicle deltopectoral flap. This reconstruction provided stable eyelid reconstruction to retain ocular prosthesis with concealed and minimal donor area. After reconstruction patient underwent rehabilitation with ocular prosthesis, now the patient is satisfied with cosmetically acceptable results.
Electrical burns of the abdomen
Authors: Srivastava Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Ritesh
Published: November 2013

A 35-year-old male farmer came in contact with 11,000 volts high tension electric wire and sustained full thickness burn wounds over scapula, upper limb and anterior abdominal wall along with perforation of the intestine. Patient was initially managed conservatively in general surgery ward and was referred to us after 3 days with necrosis of the burned skin and muscles over the shoulder and abdomen. Patient was initially managed conservatively and then thorough debridement of the necrotic skin over the left shoulder and upper arm was done and the area was split skin grafted. Patient developed enterocutaneous fistula, which healed over a period of 8 weeks. The granulating wound over the abdomen was also skin grafted and patient was discharged after 18 days. About 4 months, after the discharge patient presented with ventral hernia. Repair of ventral hernia by synthetic mesh application and reconstruction of the abdominal wall with a free tensor fascia lata flap was done over the mesh, but the flap failed. Then after debridement two random pattern transposition skin flaps, one from the right upper and another from the left lower abdomen were transposed over the abdominal wound and donor area was skin grafted. Patient was discharged after 17 days.
Differences in muscle characteristics of piglets related to the sow parity
Authors: da Silva A. , Dalto D. , Lozano A. , de Oliveira E. , Gavioli D. , de Oliveira J. , Romero N. , da Silva C.
Published: November 2013

da Silva, A., Dalto, D., Lozano, A., de Oliveira, E., Gavioli, D., de Oliveira, J., Jamile, Romero, N. and da Silva, C. 2013. Differences in muscle characteristics of piglets related to the sow parity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 471–475. Two hundred forty-three piglets were obtained from 81, 1st through 7th parity sows to determine the influence of sow's parity on piglets’ myogenesis. Those piglets weighing close to or equal to the average weight of their litter were sacrificed, and their semitendinosus muscles were collected to determine the secondary muscle fiber number, area and weight. The number of secondary muscle fibers was correlated with muscle weight (P<0.05; 0.39) and muscle area (P<0.001; 0.63), and muscle area and weight were also correlated (P<0.001; 0.64). Weights of piglets at birth had a correlation with number of muscle fibers (P<0.05; 0.39), muscle area (P<0.001; 0.54) and muscle weight (P<0.001; 0.73). The piglets’ birthweights and muscle weight, muscle area and muscle secondary fiber numbers increased quadratically as parity increased (R 2=0.56, 0.36, 0.44, 0.64 and 0.54; P<0.05, respectively). The results of this study indicate that parity influences the pre-natal development of piglets and that the best muscle characteristics of piglets born from 3rd and 4th parity sows were responsible for their higher weight at birth.
Fate of moniliformin during milling of Canadian durum wheat, processing, and cooking of spaghetti
Authors: Tittlemier Sheryl A. , Roscoe Mike , Trelka Robert , Patrick Susan K. , Bamforth Janice M. , Gräfenhan Tom , Schlichting Linda , Fu Bin Xiao
Published: November 2013

Tittlemier, S. A., Roscoe, M., Trelka, R., Patrick, S. K., Bamforth, J. M., Gräfenhan, T., Schlichting, L. and Fu, B. X. 2014. Fate of moniliformin during milling of Canadian durum wheat, processing, and cooking of spaghetti. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 555–563. Samples of clean Canadian durum were fortified with kernels damaged by Fusarium avenaceum at levels corresponding to the grading tolerances for Fusarium damaged kernels in Canadian durum wheat. Fusarium avenaceum produces the mycotoxin moniliformin (MON); the fortified durum samples contained MON ranging from 0.16 to 0.90 mg kg−1. The fate of MON was followed during milling of the fortified durum samples, as well as during the preparation and cooking of spaghetti made with the fortified durum. The majority of MON was associated with semolina, implying that removal of bran would not have a large impact on reducing MON concentrations. However, F. avenaceum DNA was more evenly distributed amongst the milling products, suggesting that MON underwent translocation from mycelium to endosperm in the damaged kernels. There was an apparent loss of MON when spaghetti was prepared from semolina. From an overall dietary exposure point of view, the cooking of MON-containing pasta in water will reduce dietary exposure to the water-soluble MON via leaching to the cooking water. However, the lack of quantifiable MON in samples prepared from higher grade Canada Western Amber Durum (which contained lower amounts of Fusarium damaged kernels) suggests that dietary exposure to MON from contaminated pasta is not likely to occur.
The Weyl Problem With Nonnegative Gauss Curvature In Hyperbolic Space
Authors: Chang Jui-En , Xiao Ling
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we discuss the isometric embedding problem in hyperbolic space with nonnegative extrinsic curvature. We prove a priori bounds for the trace of the second fundamental form H and extend the result to n-dimensions. We also obtain an estimate for the gradient of the smaller principal curvature in 2 dimensions.
Estudio comparativo de dos tipos de agujas en hemodiafiltración en línea de alta eficacia
Authors: Fernández Martínez Ana Vanessa , Romero Willhoft Verena , Pérez Valencia Laura , Moreno Vallejo Alicia , Ortega Gomez Tania , Soto Ureña Salvadora
Published: November 2013

La hemodiafi ltración on line post dilucional es la técnica más efi caz en la depuración de moléculas de diferentes pesos. El volumen convectivo y la dosis de diálisis pueden estar relacionado con la supervivencia del paciente. Ambos, parámetros están infl uenciados por el fl ujo sanguíneo, habiendo sido debatido el uso de diferentes calibres de aguja en lo referente a resultados deeficiencia y valoración de dolor. Objetivo: Comparar la efi cacia, seguridad, comodidad y sensación de dolor entre el catéter fístula y las agujas convencionales en el paciente en hemodiafi ltración en línea de alta eficacia. Estudio prospectivo cruzado sobre población prevalente en hemodiafiltración en línea posdilucional. Se analizan variables demográficas, hemodinámicas del acceso vascular, de seguridad y escala de dolor y comodidad pre-post para el enfermero en 1584 sesiones. Analisis estadistico SPSS 13.0. Signifi cación p< 0,05. No diferencias en Presion arterial, Presion venosa y recirculación. Sí en fl ujo sanguineo, siendo superior con las supercath. En efi cacia, diferencias signifi cativas en Kt (p=0,04), VTR (p=0,00) y litros de sangre dializada (p=0,01), supercath (63,1), (27,4), (113,1) versus convencional (60,9), (25,3), (108,5) respectivamente. Valoración enfermera de comodidad signifi cativamente (p=0,00) mejor con las agujas convencionales tanto en conexión como desconexión. Percepción de dolor para el paciente es mayor con supercath.
Creencias sobre la insuficiencia renal crónica entre expertos y profanos
Authors: Vélez Vélez Esperanza
Published: November 2013

Objetivo: Identifi car las creencias y representaciones sobre la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) en pacientes, población general y expertos.
Metodología:
Estudio descriptivo transversal que analiza una muestra de 120 participantes seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. Se crearon cinco grupos de estudio en función de su nivel de interacción con la enfermedad. La herramienta utilizada fue el Cuestionario de Creencias Sobre la Enfermedad.
Resultados:
Identidad, Controlabilidad, Mutabilidad, Responsabilidad Personal y Azar no presentan diferencias significativas entre los grupos estudiados. El factor Causas muestra diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de pacientes con universitarios de ciencias de la salud y expertos (p
Calcificaciones metastásicas en un paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal
Authors: Rodríguez Vidal Magali , Molina Ferrada Carol
Published: November 2013

La enfermedad renal crónica implica un proceso irreversible en la reducción del funcionamiento del tejido renal por lo que la ha llevado a ser un problema de carácter epidémico, donde las complicaciones son devastadoras para la calidad de vida en el paciente, dentro de éstas destacan las calcifi caciones metastásicas que se producen por la retención de fósforo, disminución de los niveles de calcio y aumento de la paratohormona. El tratamiento mas adecuado es la paratiroidectomia subtotal con autoimplante, donde la sintomatología y la progresión de las alteraciones del metabolismo mineral se reduce y mejora el estado general del paciente. Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente en diálisis peritoneal, con diagnóstico de calcifi cación metastásica abdominal, a la cual se le realiza una paratiroidectomia - subtotal con autoimplante, donde se observó una buena respuesta con disminución de la calcifi cación en forma progresiva.
Biogenic VOC oxidation and organic aerosol formation in an urban nocturnal boundary layer: aircraft vertical profiles in Houston, TX
Authors: Brown S. S. , Dubé W. P. , Bahreini R. , Middlebrook A. M. , Brock C. A. , Warneke C. , de Gouw J. A. , Washenfelder R. A. , Atlas E. , Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , Holloway J. S. , Schwarz J. P. , Spackman R. , Trainer M. , Parrish D. D. , Fehshenfeld F. C. , Ravishankara A. R.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Organic compounds are a large component of aerosol mass, but organic aerosol (OA) sources remain poorly characterized. Recent model studies have suggested nighttime oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons as a potentially large OA source, but analysis of field measurements to test these predictions is sparse. We present nighttime vertical profiles of nitrogen oxides, ozone, VOCs and aerosol composition measured during low approaches of the NOAA P-3 aircraft to airfields in Houston, TX. This region has large emissions of both biogenic hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. The latter category serves as a source of the nitrate radical, NO3, a key nighttime oxidant. Biogenic VOCs (BVOC) and urban pollutants were concentrated within the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), which varied in depth from 100–400 m. Despite concentrated NOx at low altitude, ozone was never titrated to zero, resulting in rapid NO3 radical production rates of 0.2–2.7 ppbv h−1 within the NBL. Monoterpenes and isoprene were frequently present within the NBL and underwent rapid oxidation (up to 1 ppbv h−1), mainly by NO3 and to a lesser extent O3. Concurrent enhancement in organic and nitrate aerosol on several profiles was consistent with primary emissions and with secondary production from nighttime BVOC oxidation, with the latter equivalent to or slightly larger than the former. Some profiles may have been influenced by biomass burning sources as well, making quantitative attribution of organic aerosol sources difficult. Ratios of organic aerosol to CO within the NBL ranged from 14 to 38 μg m−3 OA/ppmv CO. A box model simulation incorporating monoterpene emissions, oxidant formation rates and monoterpene SOA yields suggested overnight OA production of 0.5 to 9 μg m−3.
Zonal velocity of the equatorial plasma bubbles over Kolhapur, India
Authors: Nade D. P. , Sharma A. K. , Nikte S. S. , Patil P. T. , Ghodpage R. N. , Rokade M. V. , Gurubaran S. , Taori A. , Sahai Y.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper presents the observations of zonal drift velocities of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles and their comparison with model values. These velocities are determined by nightglow OI 630.0 nm images. The nightglow observations have been carried out from the low latitude station Kolhapur (16.8° N, 74.2° E; 10.6° N dip lat.) during clear moonless nights. Herein we have presented the drift velocities of equatorial plasma bubbles for the period of February–April 2011. Out of 80 nights, 39 showed the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles (49%). These 39 nights correspond to magnetically quiet days (ΣKp < 26). The average eastward zonal velocities (112 ± 10 m s−1) of equatorial plasma bubbles increased from evening sector to 21:00 IST (Indian Standard Time = Universal Time + 05:30:00 h), reach maximum about 165 ± 30 m s−1 and then decreases with time. The calculated velocities are in good agreement with that of recently reported values obtained with models with occasional differences; possible mechanisms of which are discussed.
Comparison of equatorial GPS-TEC observations over an African station and an American station during the minimum and ascending phases of solar cycle 24
Authors: Akala A. O. , Seemala G. K. , Doherty P. H. , Valladares C. E. , Carrano C. S. , Espinoza J. , Oluyo S.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. GPS-TEC data were observed at the same local time at two equatorial stations on both longitudes: Lagos (6.52° N, 3.4° E, 3.04° S magnetic latitude), Nigeria; and Pucallpa (8.38° S, 74.57° W, 4.25° N magnetic latitude), Peru during the minimum (2009, 2010) and ascending (2011) phases of solar cycle 24. These data were grouped into daily, seasonal and solar activity sets. The day-to-day variations in vertical TEC (VTEC) recorded the maximum during 14:00–16:00 LT and minimum during 04:00–06:00 LT at both longitudes. Seasonally, during solar minimum, maximum VTEC values were observed during March equinox and minimum during solstices. However, during the ascending phase of the solar activity, the maximum values were recorded during the December solstice and minimum during the June solstice. VTEC also increased with solar activity at both longitudes. On longitude by longitude comparison, the African GPS station generally recorded higher VTEC values than the American GPS station. Furthermore, harmonic analysis technique was used to extract the annual and semi-annual components of the amplitudes of the TEC series at both stations. The semi-annual variations dominated the TEC series over the African equatorial station, while the annual variations dominated those over the American equatorial station. The GPS-TEC-derived averages for non-storm days were compared with the corresponding values derived by the IRI-2007 with the NeQuick topside option. The NeQuick option of IRI-2007 showed better performance at the American sector than the African sector, but generally underestimating TEC during the early morning hours at both longitudes.
Technical Note: Constraining stable carbon isotope values of microphytobenthos (C3 photosynthesis) in the Arctic for application to food web studies
Authors: Oxtoby L. E. , Mathis J. T. , Juranek L. W. , Wooller M. J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Microphytobenthos (MPB) tends to be omitted as a possible carbon source to higher trophic level consumers in high latitude marine food web models that use stable isotopes. Here, we used previously published relationships relating the concentration of aqueous carbon dioxide ([CO2]aq), the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (δ13CDIC), and algal growth rates (μ) to estimate the stable carbon isotope composition of MPB-derived total organic carbon (TOC) (δ13Cp) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers (δ13CFA). We measured [CO2]aq and δ13CDIC values from bottom water at sampling locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (n = 18), which ranged from 17 to 72 mmol kg–1 and −0.1 to 1.4 ‰ (0.8 ± 0.4‰, mean ±1 s.d.), respectively. We combined these field measurements with a set of stable carbon isotopic fractionation factors reflecting differences in algal taxonomy and physiology to determine δ13Cp and δ13CFA values. Theδ13Cp and δ13CFA values for a mixed eukaryotic algal community were estimated to be −23.6 ± 0.4‰ and −30.6 ± 0.4‰, respectively. These values were similar to our estimates for Phaeodactylum tricornutum (δ13Cp = −23.9 ± 0.4‰, δ13CFA = −30.9 ± 0.4‰), a pennate diatom likely to be a dominant MPB taxon. Taxon-specific differences were observed between a centric diatom (Porosira glacialis, δ13Cp = −20.0 ± 1.6‰), a marine haptophyte (Emiliana huxleyi, δ13Cp = −22.7 ± 0.5‰), and a cyanobacterium (Synechococcus sp., δ13Cp = −16.2 ± 0.4‰) at μ = 0.1 d−1. δ13Cp and δ13CFA values increased by ≃ 2.5‰ for the mixed algal consortium and for P. tricornutum when growth rates were increased from 0.1 to 1.4 d−1. We compared our estimates of δ13Cp and δ13CFA values for MPB with previous measurements of δ13CTOC and δ13CFA values for other carbon sources in the Arctic, including ice-derived, terrestrial, and pelagic organic matter. We found that MPB values were significantly distinct from terrestrial and ice-derived carbon sources. However, MPB values overlapped with pelagic sources, which may result in MPB being overlooked as a significant source of carbon in the marine food web.