The RECHARGE-IPCRG ‘Teach the Teacher’ programme: building capacity for pulmonary rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: McDonnell Juliet , Orme Mark , Houchen–Wolloff Linzy , Baxter Noel , Barnard Amanda , Correia de Sousa Jaime , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Gardiner Nikki , Akylbekov Azamat , Mirzalieva Gulzada , Mademilov Maamed , Sooronbaev Talant , Kasiita Richard , Katagira Winceslaus , Kirenga Bruce , Wimalasekera Savithri , Amarasekara Thamara , Sooriyakanthan Mathanki , Karunatilake Ravini , Ishrat Rubia , Ahmed Obaidullah , Hanif Humaira , Dixit Prajjwal , Talwar Deepak , Sahasrabudhe Shruti , Bhakare Meenakshi , Salvi Sundeep , Singh Sally J 
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Chronic respiratory diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a low-cost, high-impact intervention with patient education and exercise at its core. Although supported by a well-established evidence base, demand greatly exceeds capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), including limited workforce training opportunities to support PR development and implementation. The International Primary Care Respiratory Group’s (IPCRG) Teach the Teacher (TtT) is an established education programme designed to build sustainable local clinical teaching and delivery capacity.

Methods

A collaboration between the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funded Global RECHARGE Group for PR and IPCRG to deliver a ‘Teach the Teacher’ (TtT) programme for PR capacity building. Our Tier 1 TtT programme combined educational and PR service development concepts with core clinical content adapted for RECHARGE partners in India (Pune and Delhi), Sri Lanka, Kyrgyzstan and Uganda. Due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) pandemic, the programme was adapted to a digital environment using online platforms such as Zoom video conferencing and Google Classroom. We used an adapted framework to evaluate professional learning and its impact.

Findings

Fifteen Tier 1/local leader participants attended a sixteen-hour online programme in September-October 2021. Participants included nurses, physiotherapists, doctors and early career health professionals/researchers. As local leaders in PR, participants created a tiered teaching programme for developing a critical mass of PR expert teachers, contextualised to their local healthcare systems and cultures. Participants also explored how to engage and influence multiple professional groups and stakeholders to support the widespread sustainable implementation of PR.

Conclusions

The RECHARGE-IPCRG TtT programme provided a clear education and service development framework to support PR capacity development in LMIC. We address a lack of empirical evidence concerning capacity-building initiatives by being explicit about the programme’s learning design, management and evaluation. A whole system perspective to PR allowed consideration of health systems, culture, referral pathways and scalability. Sustainable national PR education programmes will require additional resources and a long-term strategy, potentially aligning with the TtT three-tier cascade model.