bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of tropospheric ozone and blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) on different rice genotypes
Authors: Alam Muhammad Shahedul , Maina Angeline Wanjiku , Feng Yanru , Wu Lin-Bo , Frei Michael
Published: February 2022

Rising tropospheric ozone concentrations can cause rice yield losses and necessitate the breeding of ozone-tolerant rice varieties. However, ozone tolerance should not compromise the resistance to important biotic stresses such as the rice blast disease. Therefore, we investigated the interactive effects of ozone and rice blast disease on nine different rice varieties in an experiment testing an ozone treatment, blast inoculation, and their interaction. Plants were exposed to an ozone concentration of 100 ppb for 7 h per day or ambient air throughout the growth period. Half of the plants were simultaneously infected with rice blast inoculum. Grain yield was significantly reduced in the blast treatment (17%) and ozone treatment (37%), while the combination of both stresses did not further decrease grain yields compared to ozone alone. Similar trends occurred for physiological traits such as vegetation indices, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), Lichtenthaler index 2 (Lic2), and anthocyanin reflectance index 1 (ARI1), as well as stomatal conductance and lipid peroxidation. Ozone exposure mitigated the formation of visible blast symptoms, while blast inoculation did not significantly affect visible ozone symptoms. Although different genotypes showed contrasting responses to the two types of stresses, no systematic pattern was observed regarding synergies or trade-offs under the two types of stresses. Therefore, we conclude that despite the similarities in physiological stress responses to ozone and blast, the tolerance to these stresses does not appear to be genetically linked in rice.
Culturally relevant/responsive and sustaining pedagogies in science education: theoretical perspectives and curriculum implications
Authors: Smith Theila , Avraamidou Lucy , Adams Jennifer D.
Published: February 2022

The main focus of this paper is to put forward an argument about the value of asset-based, culturally relevant/responsive and sustaining pedagogies in science education, especially in former colonial contexts. Countering the framing hegemony of science education through a historically Euro-dominant lens, we call for a critical analysis of the state of science education in the Netherlands by exploring, specifically, the Dutch Caribbean community which includes Suriname and the former Dutch Antilles and Aruba and the need to respond with a more culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogical stance. In doing so, we provide a concrete example of a CR-SP-focused community-based STEAM program for young children and their parents in the north of the Netherlands. We hope that this paper will provide the foundation to springboard conversations among educators and researchers with an interest in designing, enacting and researching CR-SP-informed programs and curricula geared for historically marginalized families and children.
Healthy and Unhealthy Dimensions of Perfectionism: Perfectionism and Mental Health in Hungarian Adults
Authors: Juwono Ignatius Darma , Kun Bernadette , Demetrovics Zsolt , Urbán Robert
Published: February 2022

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait that may covary with both negative and positive indices of mental health. Different components of perfectionism might be associated in different ways with positive and negative aspects of mental health. However, past studies tended to focus only on one covariate at a time. This study aimed to test the association between domains of perfectionism to both positive (self-esteem, wellbeing) and negative mental health indices (narcissism and psychological distress) while testing the structural validity of the Short Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in a large non-English speaking community-based sample in Hungary. A total of 4,340 participants (49.3% male) took part in an online survey that included Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, World Health Organization Wellbeing Index-5, and parts of Brief Symptoms Inventory-18. Using structural equation modelling analyses, we confirmed the three-dimensional model of perfectionism in our community sample. In the multivariate analyses, all perfectionism factors were related to narcissism. Furthermore, only socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with low self-esteem and lower wellbeing; however, both socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism were associated with higher psychological distress. Our findings supported the notion that different domains of perfectionism correlate to mental health indices differently, indicating that socially prescribed perfectionism may be the harmful component of perfectionism.
Industry 4.0 implementation sequence for manufacturing companies
Authors: Dillinger Fabian , Bernhard Olivia , Kagerer Moritz , Reinhart Gunther
Published: February 2022

As a result of increasing globalization, manufacturing companies are confronted with rising costs and time pressure. A possibility to counter these challenges is Industry 4.0, which focuses on optimizing industrial processes and is characterized by the digitalization and networking of all value chain participants. This paper elaborates the one-to-one interrelation between relevant Industry 4.0 technologies using the Delphi study method and interdependency matrices. Based on this, an Industry 4.0 implementation sequence for manufacturing companies is derived and validated by experts. The contribution shall serve as an essential basis for companies to implement Industry 4.0 in their production.
Investigation of the material combination 20MnCr5 and X45CrSi9-3 in the Tailored Forming of shafts with bearing seats
Authors: Budde Laura , Biester Kai , Merkel Paulina , Lammers Marius , Kriwall Mareile , Hermsdorf Jörg , Stonis Malte , Behrens Bernd-Arno , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: February 2022

The Tailored Forming process chain is used to manufacture hybrid components and consists of a joining process or Additive Manufacturing for various materials (e.g. deposition welding), subsequent hot forming, machining and heat treatment. In this way, components can be produced with materials adapted to the load case. For this paper, hybrid shafts are produced by deposition welding of a cladding made of X45CrSi9-3 onto a workpiece made from 20MnCr5. The hybrid shafts are then formed by means of cross-wedge rolling. It is investigated, how the thickness of the cladding and the type of cooling after hot forming (in air or in water) affect the properties of the cladding. The hybrid shafts are formed without layer separation. However, slight core loosening occurres in the area of the bearing seat due to the Mannesmann effect. The microhardness of the cladding is only slightly effected by the cooling strategy, while the microhardness of the base material is significantly higher in water cooled shafts. The microstructure of the cladding after both cooling strategies consists mainly of martensite. In the base material, air cooling results in a mainly ferritic microstructure with grains of ferrite-pearlite. Quenching in water results in a microstructure containing mainly martensite.
Toward a Culture-Informed Conceptualization of Child Agency in a Context Characterized by Political and Military Violence. A Qualitative Exploration throughout Experts’ Voices
Authors: Veronese Guido , Montali Lorenzo , Cavazzoni Federica , Mattiuzzi Daniela
Published: February 2022

Our present study sought to qualitative explore the perceptions of experts on the meaning of children agency in a context characterized by ongoing colonial violence and structural racism. Namely, we explored culture and context-specific features of agency, experts’ perceptions about a decolonized definition, and gaps with the mainstream definition of the construct in Western contexts. The study involved 14 participants (N = 8 women), aged between 32 and 70 years with a mean age of 45 years (SD = 9.72) who came from the Gaza Strip, the West Bank (Ramallah, Bethlehem, Hebron and Jenin) and territories currently part of the State of Israel (Jerusalem and Jaffa). They are all mental health professionals in universities, research centres, hospitals and social welfare services. Secondly, the analysis resulted in a map of five themes representing a culturally oriented Palestinian children’s agency model. A threatening context, alleviating factors, healthy agency, aggravating factors, harmful agency. The Palestinian conceptualization of child agency lies in the multifaceted nature of the construct itself re-declined in a context characterized by multiple levels of complexity- cultural, political, social, economic. Our findings might contribute to creating indicators of Palestinian children’s agentic behaviours and a better operationalization of the construct itself.
Joint Consideration of Validity Indicators Embedded in Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)
Authors: Becke Miriam , Tucha Lara , Weisbrod Matthias , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Tucha Oliver , Fuermaier Anselm B. M.
Published: February 2022

A decade of research has both illustrated the need for accurate clinical assessment of adult ADHD and brought forward a series of validity indicators assisting this diagnostic process. Several of these indicators have been embedded into Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). As their different theoretical underpinnings offer the opportunity of possible synergy effects, the present study sought to examine whether the item- or index-wise combination of multiple validity indicators benefits classification accuracy. A sample of controls (n = 856) and adults with ADHD (n = 72) answered the CAARS, including the ADHD Credibility Index (ACI) honestly, while a group of instructed simulators (n = 135) completed the instrument as though they had ADHD. First, original CAARS items, which are part of the CAARS Infrequency Index (CII), and items drawn from the ACI were combined into a new CII-ACI-Compound Index. Secondly, existing validity indicators, including suspect T-score elevations and the CII, were considered in combination. Both approaches were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The combination of four CII and five ACI items into the CII-ACI-Compound Index yielded a sensitivity between 41 and 51% and an estimated specificity above 87%. Suspect T-score elevations on all three DSM scales emerged as another potentially useful validity indicator with a sensitivity of 45 to 46% and a specificity > 90%. Deeming examinees non-credible whenever two or more validity indicators showed suspect results ensured low false-positive rates (< 10%), but reduced sensitivity significantly. Classifying respondents as non-credible as soon as any given indicator fell into the suspect range resulted in frequent false positives (> 11% of misclassified adults with ADHD). Depending on whether high specificity or high sensitivity is prioritized, such combined considerations offer valuable additions to individual validity indicators. High sensitivity provided by “either/or” combinations could prove useful in screening settings, whereas high stakes settings could benefit from “and” combinations.
Extending the potentials of draw-forging
Authors: Rakshit Tanmoy , Gebhard Johannes , Napierala Oliver , Kolpak Felix , Schulze André , Hering Oliver , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: February 2022

Composite components combine the benefits of different materials, leading to improved product properties, enhanced resource- and energy efficiency and widening the product spectrum. Draw-forging is the unique combination of deep-drawing and cold forging, where a core material is encapsulated within a thin sheet metal blank. Previously, the basic draw-forging process only allowed covering of the shaft tip, and the covered length was limited by the maximum drawing ratio of the sheet. In this work, the different failure types, including tearing of the sheet, asymmetric encapsulation, and the development of a gap in the transition zone were investigated numerically and experimentally and the axial encapsulation length is increased significantly. The usage of anisotropic sheet material leads to a form fit and enhances the bond strength in draw-forged hybrid components. An alternative process route in which a pierced sheet is utilized to partially cover a specific section of a shaft was also developed. The process route was stabilized with a novel contoured counter holder to ensure high repeatability.
Agronomic practices preventing local outbreaks of rice yellow mottle virus disease revealed by spatial autoregressive analysis
Authors: Sekiya Nobuhito , Nakajima Toru , Oizumi Nobuaki , Kurosawa Chihiro , Tibanyendela Naswiru , Peter Mchuno Alfred , Tomitaka Motonori , Natsuaki Keiko T.
Published: February 2022

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) causes severe rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield loss. It has been endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar since 1966. Transmission (plant community level) and long-dispersal (regional and continental scale) models have been established but viral spread in farming communities continues, while the conditions causing local disease outbreaks remain unclear. We hypothesized that local outbreaks, comprising inter-plot virus spread and intra-plot disease aggravation, are significantly associated with individual farmers’ attributes and agronomic practices. To test this hypothesis, spatial autoregressive models were constructed using variables collected by visual observation and farmer interviews. Field surveys were conducted during four consecutive cropping seasons from 2011 to 2013 in the Lower Moshi Irrigation Scheme of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Our models detected spatial dependence in inter-plot virus spread, but not in intra-plot disease aggravation. The probability of inter-plot virus spread increased with use of the IR64 cultivar (26.9%), but decreased with straw removal (27.8%) and crop rotation (47.7%). The probability of intra-plot disease aggravation decreased with herbicide application (24.3%) and crop rotation (35.4%). A simple cost-benefit analysis suggested that inter-plot virus spread should be mitigated by cultivar replacement and straw removal. When disease severity is critical, intra-plot disease aggravation should be inhibited by herbicide application, and rice should be rotated with other crops. This is the first study to upscale the spatial autoregressive model from the experimental field level to the farming community level, by obtaining variables through easy-to-implement techniques such as visual observation and farmer interview. Our models successfully identified candidate agronomic practices for the control of RYMV. However, as the causal relationships between agronomic practices and RYMV outbreaks remain unknown, field trials are needed to develop robust control measures.
Balancing environmental impacts and economic benefits of agriculture under the climate change through an integrated optimization system
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Abdoli Asghar
Published: February 2022

The present study proposes a framework to mitigate impact of climate change on the rice production by maximizing the yield while the energy use and ecological impacts on the river ecosystem as the irrigation source are mitigated. Coupled general circulation model- soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was utilized to project the impact of climate change on the stream flow. Fuzzy physical habitat simulation was applied to develop the ecological impact function of the river. Moreover, a data-driven model was developed to predict the rice yield through changing water and energy consumption. Finally, all the simulations were utilized in the structure of the optimization model in which minimizing loss of the production, greenhouse gas emission by reducing energy use and physical habitat loss were considered as the objectives. Based on the results, the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient of the SWAT is 0.7 that demonstrates its reliability for simulating the impact of climate change on river flow. The optimization model is able to reduce the impact of climate change on yield of production by balancing water and energy use. In the most pessimistic scenario, water use should approximately be reduced 25% for protecting river ecosystem. However, the optimization model approximately increased energy use 16% for preserving the yield of the rice. Conversely, model decreased the energy use 40% compared with the current condition due to increasing water supply. Moreover, physical habitat loss is less than 50% that means the combined optimization model is able to protect river habitats properly.
An Integrated Decision-Making Approach Based on q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets in Service Industry
Authors: Demir Uslu Yeter , Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Gedikli Erman , Yılmaz Emre
Published: February 2022

This study defines key issues for sustainable healthcare policy in COVID-19 period. For this purpose, 9 different criteria that affect vaccine hesitancy are selected with the help of a detailed literature evaluation. A novel hybrid fuzzy decision-making model is developed using DEMATEL and TOPSIS based on q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets. A comparative evaluation has also been performed using IF DEMATEL and PF DEMATEL. The results of all different methods are almost the same that indicates the reliability and coherency of the proposed model. The findings demonstrate that religion is the most critical factor that causes vaccine hesitancy. It is also defined that active population in daily life is the most important alternative. Developing countries should mainly focus on the actions regarding the religious issues to have sustainable healthcare policies in COVID-19 period. In this context, religious leaders can be released to the media and give information that the vaccine is not against religious rules. This has a significant contribution to convince people who are against the vaccine. Furthermore, these countries should also give priorities to the active population in daily life. Because this group supports the workforce in the country very seriously, it can be possible to increase the workforce in the country by completing the vaccination of this group that helps to boost economic development.
Pandora's Toolbox
Authors: Smith Wake
Published: February 2022

Reaching net zero emissions will not be the end of the climate struggle, but only the end of the beginning. For centuries thereafter, temperatures will remain elevated; climate damages will continue to accrue and sea levels will continue to rise. Even the urgent and utterly essential task of reaching net zero cannot be achieved rapidly by emissions reductions alone. To hasten net zero and minimize climate damages thereafter, we will also need massive carbon removal and storage. We may even need to reduce incoming solar radiation in order to lower unacceptably high temperatures. Such unproven and potentially risky climate interventions raise mind-blowing questions of governance and ethics. Pandora's Toolbox offers readers an accessible and authoritative introduction to both the hopes and hazards of some of humanity's most controversial technologies, which may nevertheless provide the key to saving our world.
Due Diligence Obligations in International Law
Authors: Ollino Alice
Published: February 2022

Due diligence obligations are typically described by scholars and practitioners as 'elusive', 'weak', and difficult to pin down in the abstract. Challenging these assumptions, this book offers a systematic reconstruction of the foundations of due diligence obligations of states and explores their nature, rationale, content and scope of operation in international law. Tackling due diligence from a general perspective, this book seeks to complement scholarly studies on public international law obligations and their theory. This book will be relevant for academics, practitioners, graduate students across international law and anyone seeking to better conceptualise due diligence under international law and understand how due diligence obligations are operationalised in practice.
Non-Participation in Armed Conflict
Authors: Antonopoulos Constantine
Published: February 2022

Non participation in armed conflict gives rise to the relevance, role and content of the law of neutrality in contemporary international law. Despite scholarly opinion to the contrary the challenges posed by collective security and the prohibition of the use of force have not made neutrality obsolete. The validity of the law of neutrality is reaffirmed in State practice, mainly in the form of national military manuals, and the case-law of international tribunals. The legal framework of neutrality remains unchanged with respect to most rules. At the same time, it has been adapted to the evolution of the law of the sea as a result of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention, the globalization of trade and the use of cyberspace in armed conflict. This has been achieved mainly through soft law documents and national military manuals. Neutrality, however, remains inapplicable in non-international armed conflict.
Introduction to Estuarine Hydrodynamics
Authors: Valle-Levinson Arnoldo
Published: February 2022

This textbook provides an in-depth overview of the hydrodynamics of estuaries and semi-enclosed bodies of water. It begins by describing the typical classification of estuaries, followed by a presentation of the quantitative tools needed to study these basins: conservation of mass, salt, heat, momentum, and the thermodynamic equation of seawater. Further topics explore tides in homogeneous basins, including shallow water tides and tidal residual flows, wind-driven flows in homogeneous basins, density-driven flows, as well as interactions among tides, winds and density gradients. The book proposes a classification of semi-enclosed basins that is based on dominant dynamics, comparing forcing agents and restorative or balancing forces. Introduction to Estuarine Hydrodynamics provides an introduction for advanced students and researchers across a range of disciplines - Earth science, environmental science, biology, chemistry, geology, hydrology, physics - related to the study of estuarine systems.
A Complicated History
Authors: Schroeder Bryon , Nayapiltzin Xoxi
Published: February 2022

This article presents a case study detailing the difficulties and results of collaborating at a privately owned cave site. For many years, Spirit Eye Cave—a privately held cave system—was a pay-to-dig site, with detrimental effects on the archaeological deposits. The pay-to-dig chapter had impacted this important site, but professional archaeologists had not tried to piece together this destructive history. After months of sleuthing, it was determined that some of these pay-to-dig patrons had recovered and owned or sold Indigenous ancestors from the cave. This discovery was unexpected and shocking, but it focused the efforts at the site on the recovery of these ancestors from private collections. These conversations have been uncomfortable but have demarcated responsible and responsive stewards (RRSs) from bad actors, resulting in the recovery of multiple artifact collections and ancestors that have produced significant research results and opened previously nonexistent dialogues with modern descendant communities.
Perspectives on Collector Collaboration
Authors: Rowe Matthew J. , Adams E. Charles , Clark Dan , Cundiff Ricky , Bailey Kassi Sue , Soza Danielle R.
Published: February 2022

In 2019, we launched the Northern Arizona Paleoindian Project to expand on findings from the Rock Art Ranch (RAR) Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU; NSF#1262184). The REU recovered 24 Paleoindian artifacts in association with drainages. Expansion of the research required mitigation of the patchwork landownership in the area, which encouraged a collector-collaboration model following Pitblado (2014) and Douglass et alia (2017). We held public events in collaboration with a network of agencies, avocational groups, collectors, and landowners to assess potential for Paleoindian archaeology in the area. In March 2020, however, the COVID-19 pandemic halted our efforts, allowing us to evaluate our project and practice. We find that tapping into existing local networks of responsible resource stewards (RRS) can greatly accelerate project development. We also find that private collections are endangered, and preserving this portion of the archaeological record requires documentation and long-term curation. Most importantly, we find that archaeologists working with collectors are uniquely positioned to build bridges between Indigenous communities, RRS, and professional archaeologists to help stabilize legacy collections and that this focus should drive collector-collaboration research design. Ultimately, the project must move toward a community-based participatory research design to seek equitable and culturally appropriate curation plans for local legacy collections.
Analyzing the Gerundial Patterns of prevent: New Corpus Evidence from Recent English
Authors: Rudanko Juhani , Rickman Paul
Published: February 2022

One well-known difference between British and American English concerns the verbprevent. In both varieties, the verb is commonly found in constructions withNP from -ing, as in […]the extreme temperature of the cold tenderises the flesh and prevents it from becoming tough(NOW Corpus 2010), and in British English it is also commonly found in corresponding constructions lacking the prepositionfrom, as inMorgan[…]fastened a belt around his wrists to prevent him saving himself(NOW Corpus 2011). There are major unresolved issues relating to the two types of constructions illustrated. One question is whether the constructions involve object control or a Raising rule. One novel idea proposed is that anACC -inganalysis should be available for the pattern withoutfrom. The British and American segments of the NOW corpus offer good sources of data, which have not been used in earlier work onprevent.
A non-singular version of the Oseledeč ergodic theorem
Authors: DOOLEY ANTHONY H. , JIN JIE
Published: February 2022

Kingman’s subadditive ergodic theorem is traditionally proved in the setting of a measure-preserving invertible transformationTof a measure space$(X, \mu )$. We use a theorem of Silva and Thieullen to extend the theorem to the setting of a not necessarily invertible transformation, which is non-singular under the assumption that$\mu $and$\mu \circ T$have the same null sets. Using this, we are able to produce versions of the Furstenberg–Kesten theorem and the Oseledeč ergodic theorem for products of random matrices without the assumption that the transformation is either invertible or measure-preserving.
The arbitrariness of the semi-angle-bisectors of a triangle
Authors: Hajja Mowaffaq
Published: February 2022

Figure 1 shows a triangle ABC with the midpoints A′, B′ and C′ of its sides. The line segments AA′, BB′ and CC′ are called the medians, and the point G of their intersection the centroid. The line segments AG, BG and CG will be called, for lack of a better name, the semi-medians. It is interesting that the medians of any triangle can serve as the side lengths of some triangle. This property of the medians is referred to as the median triangle theorem in [1, §473, page 282], and is discussed, together with generalisations to tetrahedra and higher dimensional simplices, in [2].
A probabilistic way to discover the rainbow
Authors: Prochno Joscha , Schmitz Michael
Published: February 2022

A slogan that you find on the back of a pack of Skittles candy says ‘No two rainbows are the same. Neither are two packs of Skittles. Enjoy an odd mix.’ An online blog [1] describes how the blogger found two identical packs of Skittles, among 468 packs with a total of 27,740 Skittles. Meticulously collecting the data for this experiment was apparently triggered by some earlier calculations. More precisely, the blogger writes:
Effect of larval nutrition on the hemolymph protein composition during metamorphosis of Anastrepha obliqua
Authors: Rincón-Betancurt Olivia , Aceituno-Medina Marysol , Verónica García-Fajardo Luz , Hernández Emilio
Published: February 2022

Few studies have focused on how nutrition affects the bioavailability and investment of protein during the metamorphosis of tephritids. Our study allowed us to observe how the type and particle size of the bulking agent affected the protein composition in the hemolymph of the larva and adult of Anastrepha obliqua. Results indicated that, true protein bioavailability and protein profile was greatly modified by the bulking agent and its particle size. The physical structure of the food matrix affected the content of crude fiber (F), crude protein (P), F/P ratio, non-protein nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors. Results from SDS-PAGE revealed 45 fractions with well-defined bands ranging from ~28 to ~401 kDa in larvae and adults, we found the main differences between the samples from different food matrices within the 75–100 kDa range. Hemolymph of adults from the coarse coconut fiber food matrix treatment showed a single band with a molecular weight close to 250 kDa, probably associated with a storage protein such as lipophorins. The food matrix with a coarse bulking agent had a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, suggesting high microbial activity. In conclusion, the particle size of the bulking agent of the food matrix changes the bioavailability of protein in hemolymph in the adult regardless of the total concentration of protein. Also, when the particle size of the bulking agent favored the F/P ratio, higher larval density resulted in higher individual larval weight, larval yield, and adult emergence.
Philo, Herod, Paul, and the Many Gods of Ancient Jewish “Monotheism”
Authors: Fredriksen Paula
Published: February 2022

Many gods lived in the Roman Empire. All ancient peoples, including Jews and, eventually, Christians, knew this to be the case. Exploring the ways that members of these groups thought about and dealt with other gods while remaining loyal to their own god, this essay focuses particularly on the writings and activities of three late Second Temple Jews who highly identified as Jews: Philo of Alexandria, Herod the Great, and the apostle Paul. Their loyalty to Israel’s god notwithstanding, they also acknowledged the presence, the agency, and the power of foreign deities. Reliance on “monotheism” as a term of historical description inhibits our appreciation of the many different social relationships, human and divine, that all ancient Jews had to navigate. Worse, “monotheism” fundamentally misdescribes the religious sensibility of antiquity.
The Dynamics of Social Assistance in the Informal Economy: Empirical Evidence from Urban China
Authors: XIAO MENG , CHEN HONGLIN , LI FEIYUE , GUO YU
Published: February 2022

This article contributes to the growing body of research on social assistance (SA) dynamics by analyzing patterns of SA receipt in China, a middle-income country with a large informal employment sector. Using national low-income household survey data and event history analysis, this study explored the mechanisms underlying exit from Dibao (formally known as Minimum Living Security) and changes in exit probability over time. We found that in the context of an informal economy, the ‘explicit’ change of individual characteristics and employment structure decisively affects receipt duration on the micro and macroeconomic levels, respectively. On the policy level, affected by the informal employment structure, employment services tend to be of low quality and fail to promote Dibao exit effectively. Although the specific Dibao payment strategy, which is used to address the difficulty in means tests, largely curbs the risks of declining working motivation, it considerably increases the possibility of prolonged Dibao use. With this systemic influence of informal employment, a unique pattern of SA receipt characterized by the combination of long-term use and a nondecreasing hazard rate has developed in China.
Retrospective modelling of air pollution due to the operation of scientific stations in Antarctica: an experience of reanalysis
Authors: Kakareka Sergey , Salivonchyk Sviatlana
Published: February 2022

This article is devoted to the assessment of trends of atmospheric air pollution and atmospheric impacts on the environment in the oases of the Thala Hills, Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Estimates of annual emissions of SO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx), inhalable particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and CO and their dynamics over 56 years of Thala Hills exploration are given, as well as levels of surface air concentrations of SO2, NOx, PM10 and PM10 atmospheric depositions using air dispersion modelling. It is shown, in particular, that average annual emissions of NOx, PM10 and CO peaked in the early 1990s and have decreased 30.9 times by now. Sulphur dioxide emissions were highest in the late 1960s–late 1970s and decreased 270 times since then. Results of comparisons of modelled air concentrations and depositions with the available data on the measurement of surface air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric depositions are presented. Sources of uncertainties in the estimates of emissions, ground-level concentrations and depositions are described. Proposed approaches can be used to assess the cumulative impacts of ongoing and planned activities on atmospheric air and on other components of the environment through assessing the atmospheric air in the Antarctic Treaty area.
Cardiovascular sequelae from COVID-19: perspectives from a paediatric cardiac ICU
Authors: Lasa Javier J. , Alali Alexander , Anders Marc , Tume Sebastian C. , Muscal Eyal , Tejtel S. Kristen Sexson , Shekerdemian Lara
Published: February 2022

Objective:

Paediatric ICUs have shared the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, including subspecialty cardiac ICUs. We sought to address knowledge gaps regarding patient characteristics, acuity, and sequelae of COVID-19 in the paediatric cardiac ICU setting.

Design:

Retrospective review of paediatric cardiac ICU admissions with COVID-19-related disease.

Setting:

Single centre tertiary care paediatric cardiac ICU.

Patients:

All patients with PCR/antibody evidence of primary COVID-19 infection, and/or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, were admitted between 26 March, 2020 and 31 March, 2021.

Interventions:

None.

Main outcomes measures:

Patient-level demographics, pre-existing conditions, clinical symptoms, and outcomes related to ICU admission were captured from medical records.

Results:

Among 1064 patients hospitalised with COVID-19/Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, 102 patients (9.5%) were admitted to cardiac ICU, 76 of which were symptomatic (median age 12.5 years [IQR 7.5–16.0]). The primary system involved at presentation was cardiovascular in 48 (63%). Vasoactive infusions were required in 62% (n = 47), with eight patients (11%) requiring VA ECMO. Severity of disease was categorised as mild/moderate in 16 (21%) and severe/critical in 60 patients (79%). On univariate analysis, African-American race, presentation with gastrointestinal symptoms or elevated inflammatory markers were associated with risk for severe disease. All-cause death was observed in five patients (7%, n = 5/72) with four patients remaining hospitalised at the time of data query.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 and its cardiovascular sequelae were associated with important morbidity and significant mortality in a notable minority of paediatric patients admitted to a paediatric cardiac ICU. Further study is required to quantify the risk of morbidity and mortality for COVID-19 and sequelae.
The dynamics of spoken word recognition in bilinguals
Authors: Desroches Amy S. , Friesen Deanna C. , Teles Matthew , Korade Chloe A. , Forest Evan W.
Published: February 2022

This study examined whether bilinguals automatically activate lexical options from both of their languages when performing a picture matching task in their dominant language (L1) by using event related potentials. English–French bilinguals and English monolinguals performed a picture-spoken word matching task with three conditions: match (BEACH-“beach”), unrelated mismatch (BEACH-“tack”), and L2 onset competitor mismatch (BEACH-“plaid”; plaid sounds like plage, the French word for beach). Critically, bilinguals, but not monolinguals, showed reduced N400s for L2-cohort vs. unrelated mismatches. The results provide clear evidence that when bilinguals identify pictures, they automatically activate lexical options from both languages, even when expecting oral input from only their dominant language. N400 attenuation suggests bilinguals activate but do not expect L2 lexical options.
Crafting of cognitive institutions for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Frolov Daniil
Published: February 2022

Pablo Paniagua and Veeshan Rayamajhee (2021) propose an Ostromian polycentric view on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) preventative measures co-produced by the state and citizens. I argue that we should also use another Ostromian approach – ‘crafting of institutions.’ Focusing on the crafting of cognitive institutions allows us to understand the co-production of virus containment in all its complexity. Combining the ‘crafting cognitive institutions’ and ‘boosting’ approaches will allow for the creation of institutionally and behaviorally informed anti-COVID policy interventions in line with polycentric pandemic governance.
Structural and Predictive Validity of the Spanish Short Version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in Educational Institutions Workers
Authors: Santalla-Banderali Zuleima , Alvarado Jesús M.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we evaluate the factorial validity of the Spanish short version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES–9) and assess its predictive validity with respect to self-assessed work performance. A total of 229 employees from educational institutions in Ecuador participated. Using a model comparison analysis, the unidimensional model exhibited an excellent goodness of fit, χ2= 26.176 (24),p= .344; CFI =1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = .020; SRMR = .034; it was not improved by more complex models, Three-factor model: χ2= 22.148 (21),p= .391; CFI =1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = .016; SRMR = .033. Two-factor model: χ2= 26.080 (23),p= .297; CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = .025; SRMR = .034). Therefore, it is justified as a unidimensional instrument of work engagement. However, upon analyzing the correlation patterns of the overall score and the work engagement dimensions in relation to the task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive behaviors, we conclude that, while the unidimensional model exhibits a good fit, the three-factor theoretical approach is substantively superior in that it maintains differential predictive validity for each theoretical dimension.
Prüfen in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Peters Miriam , Jürgensen Anke
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: In der Pandemie mussten während der Schulschließungen Leistungsfeststellungen unter neuen Bedingungen durchgeführt werden. Ziel der beruflichen Pflegeausbildung ist die Entwicklung von Handlungskompetenz. Es liegen bislang keine empirischen Erkenntnisse zu Lernstandskontrollen und Abschlussprüfungen unter Pandemiebedingungen vor. Ziel: Die Untersuchung zielt darauf, den Modus von Leistungsfeststellungen unter den veränderten Bedingungen zu erfassen. Methoden: Onlinebefragung von an Pflegeschulen in Deutschland Lehrenden. Die erhobenen Daten wurden deskriptiv statistisch und anhand von Chi-Quadrat-Tests ausgewertet sowie einer integrativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Ergebnisse: 884 Pflegeschulen wurden kontaktiert, 430 Fragebögen aus 179 respondierenden Schulen (schulbezogene Rücklaufquote: 20,2%) konnten ausgewertet werden. Zur Lernstandskontrolle wurden meist PC oder Laptop eingesetzt (n = 222). 205 Teilnehmende nutzen hierfür keine digitalen Medien. Für den mündlichen (n = 108) und den schriftlichen (n = 116) Teil der Abschlussprüfung kamen auch digitale Medien zum Einsatz; für Präsenzprüfungen wurden verschiedene organisatorische Maßnahmen und Hygienemaßnahmen ergriffen. Der praktische Teil wurde vielfach in neuen Formaten (OSCE, Simulation) durchgeführt. Schlussfolgerungen: Unklar bleibt aufgrund der Ergebnisse, inwieweit Kompetenzorientierung der beruflichen Pflegeausbildung mit digitaler Unterstützung in Prüfungen umgesetzt wird. Vor allem die praktische Prüfung scheint eine besondere Herausforderung für alle Beteiligten darzustellen.
Evaluating the Variability of Surface Soil Moisture Simulated Within CMIP5 Using SMAP Data
Authors: Xi Xuan , Gentine Pierre , Zhuang Qianlai , Kim Seungbum
Published: February 2022

There are significant biases and uncertainties in the simulated soil moisture with land surface models. Here we evaluate multimodel differences in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) compared to Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) products on different time scales. The variability of surface soil moisture (SSM) within three frequency bands (7–30 days, 30–90 days, and 90–365 days) after normalization is quantified using Fourier transform for the evaluation. Compared to the SMAP observations, the simulated SSM variability within CMIP5 is underestimated in the two higher frequency bands (by 72% and 56%, respectively) and overestimated in the lowest frequency band (by 113%). In addition, these differences concentrate in regions with larger SSM. Finally, these multimodel differences are found to be significantly correlated with mean climate conditions rather than soil texture. This study identifies the spatiotemporal distribution of the model deficiencies within CMIP5 and finds they are systematic in the long‐term simulation on a global scale.
Investigating the Impacts of Daytime Boundary Layer Clouds on Surface Energy Fluxes and Boundary Layer Structure During CHEESEHEAD19
Authors: Sedlar J. , Riihimaki L. D. , Turner D. D. , Duncan J. , Adler B. , Bianco L. , Lantz K. , Wilczak J. , Hall E. , Herrera C. , Hodges Gary B.
Published: February 2022

Studies of land‐atmosphere interactions under a clear sky and low cumulus cloud conditions are common from long‐term observatories like at the southern great plains. How well the relationships and responses of surface radiative and turbulent heat fluxes determined from these investigations hold for more heterogeneous surfaces in other climate regimes, however, is uncertain. In this study, detailed observations of the surface energy budget and daytime boundary layer properties are analyzed using measurements from the Chequamegon Heterogenous Ecosystem Energy‐Balance Study Enabled by a High‐Density Extensive Array of Detectors 2019 (CHEESEHEAD19) field campaign, July‐October 2019, across a heterogeneous forested landscape of northern Wisconsin. A cloud regime framework is employed to classify consecutive periods of clear skies from lower atmosphere stratiform and cumulus clouds. A seasonal transition from low cumulus to low stratiform periods occurred, together with a diurnal pattern in cloudy or clear sky period dominance. Radiative forcing was highly dependent on sky conditions, leading to changes in the redistribution efficiency of radiative energy by the surface turbulent heat fluxes. During CHEESEHEAD19, small Bowen ratios dominated with daytime latent heat fluxes three times as large as sensible heat fluxes for all sky conditions studied; the forested region, therefore, falls within an energy‐limited regime. The depth of the daytime mixed layer depended upon the sky condition and thermodynamic setting; deeper mixed layers occurred during periods of low cumulus and not clear skies. Profiles of vertical velocity were found to have enhanced variance under low cumulus compared to clear sky periods, suggesting potential for cloud feedbacks on boundary layer structure and surface energy fluxes.
Probing the Mysteries of Deep, Dense Antarctic Seawater
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: February 2022

Twelve freely drifting Deep Argo floats reveal year-round dynamics of bottom water flow in the Australian-Antarctic Basin.
Black patients with multiple myeloma have better survival than white patients when treated equally: a matched cohort study
Authors: Dong Jing , Garacci Zhuping , Buradagunta Christopher Staffi , D’Souza Anita , Mohan Meera , Cunningham Ashley , Janz Siegfried , Dhakal Binod , Thrift Aaron P. , Hari Parameswaran
Published: February 2022

We assessed differences in survival between non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and the sequential effects of patient characteristics, and diagnosis and treatment-related factors on the survival disparity using data from 3319 NHB and 20,831 NHW MM patients in the SEER-Medicare (1999–2017) database. Four sets of 3319 NHWs were matched sequentially to the same set of 3319 NHBs, based on demographics (age, sex, year of diagnosis, marital status, and SEER site), socioeconomic status (SES, demographics plus SES), presentation factors (SES variables plus comorbidity), and treatment factors (presentation variables plus antimyeloma therapies). We found NHBs were less likely to receive treatment than NHWs even among patients matched for demographics, SES, and comorbidities. The absolute difference in 5-year survival between NHBs and NHWs was not significant in the demographics match (0.6%; P = 0.30) and remained non-significant after matching for SES (1.4%, P = 0.17). When matching for presentation, NHBs had significantly longer 5-year survival than NHWs (absolute difference = 3.8%, P = 0.003). Additional matching on treatment-related factors further enlarged the racial difference in 5-year survival to 4.6% (P < 0.001). Our findings reinforce the importance of equitable access to effective treatment modalities to further improve the survival of NHB patients with MM.
Seipin forms a flexible cage at lipid droplet formation sites
Authors: Arlt Henning , Sui Xuewu , Folger Brayden , Adams Carson , Chen Xiao , Remme Roman , Hamprecht Fred A. , DiMaio Frank , Liao Maofu , Goodman Joel M. , Farese Robert V. , Walther Tobias C.
Published: February 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) form in the endoplasmic reticulum by phase separation of neutral lipids. This process is facilitated by the seipin protein complex, which consists of a ring of seipin monomers, with a yet unclear function. Here, we report a structure ofS. cerevisiaeseipin based on cryogenic-electron microscopy and structural modeling data. Seipin forms a decameric, cage-like structure with the lumenal domains forming a stable ring at the cage floor and transmembrane segments forming the cage sides and top. The transmembrane segments interact with adjacent monomers in two distinct, alternating conformations. These conformations result from changes in switch regions, located between the lumenal domains and the transmembrane segments, that are required for seipin function. Our data indicate a model for LD formation in which a closed seipin cage enables triacylglycerol phase separation and subsequently switches to an open conformation to allow LD growth and budding.