bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumo alimentar de micronutrientes entre pré-escolares no domicílio e em escolas de educação infantil do município de Caxias do Sul (RS)
Authors: Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , De Cezaro Carla , Fisberg Regina Mara , Fisberg Mauro , Rodrigues Guilherme Pádua , Vitolo Márcia Regina
Published: April 2015

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ingestão alimentar de micronutrientes em pré-escolares no domicílio e em escolas de educação infantil públicas e particulares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 362 pré-escolares entre dois e seis anos de idade, em Caxias do Sul (RS) Brasil, em 2007. A ingestão alimentar na escola foi avaliada por meio do método de pesagem direta individual, e no domicílio, por meio de registro alimentar realizado pelos pais ou responsáveis. Foi calculada a ingestão alimentar de cálcio, ferro, folato, vitamina A, vitamina C e zinco de acordo com o local da refeição e tipo de escola. RESULTADOS: Houve maior ingestão de alimentos contendo ferro, folato e vitamina C durante o período em que as crianças permaneceram na escola infantil, e maior ingestão de cálcio, vitamina A e zinco no domicílio. Houve significativamente maior ingestão de alimentos contendo ferro (p=0,03), folato (p=0,03), vitamina A (p<0,01) e vitamina C (p<0,01) pelas crianças da escola particular e maior ingestão de cálcio (p<0,01) e zinco (p<0,01) na escola pública. Quanto à prevalência de inadequação dos micronutrientes, as crianças não apresentaram risco deficiente para ingestão de ferro, folato, vitamina A e C e zinco, porém apenas 67,4% apresentaram ingestão de cálcio igual ou acima ao valor de referência. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados sugerem que o consumo de cálcio, vitamina A e zinco foi maior nos domicílios, apesar de as crianças permanecerem a maior parte do dia nas escolas. O consumo diário de micronutrientes de crianças de escolas públicas e particulares não diferiu significativamente, mesmo com diferenças nos cardápios.
Alimentos orgânicos na produção de refeições escolares: limites e possibilidades em uma escola pública em Florianópolis
Authors: Lima Elinete Eliete de , Sousa Anete Araújo de
Published: April 2015

OBJETIVO: O estudo objetivou analisar a introdução de alimentos orgânicos na produção de refeições em uma unidade escolar da Secretaria de Educação de Santa Catarina. MÉTODOS: O modelo de análise apresentou caráter exploratório, com base em um estudo de caso. Na coleta de dados, utilizaram-se a entrevista semiestruturada, a análise documental e a observação direta. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se as possibilidades de aperfeiçoar a utilização de alimentos orgânicos, relacionadas com o planejamento de cardápios, com o sistema de compras, com o recebimento e o armazenamento dos alimentos. Constataram-se limites relacionados à inexistência de planejamento referente à compra e ao uso do alimento orgânico nos cardápios, ao fornecimento de alimentos orgânicos - tal como o despreparo de alguns fornecedores para atender as necessidades da escola -, e, principalmente, aos preços. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que há necessidade de revisão na gestão adotada pela escola, incluindo-se estudo comparativo de preços, de estabelecimento de parcerias com fornecedores e da atuação dos agentes envolvidos com a alimentação escolar para o fortalecimento do programa. Destaca-se, ainda, a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a gestão de produção de refeições em escolas e sobre a utilização de alimentos orgânicos.
Aceitação de dietas em ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Sousa Anete Araújo de , Gloria Mariana de Souza , Cardoso Thalita Schütz
Published: April 2015

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a aceitação de dietas de pacientes internados em um hospital público do município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se análise dos restos alimentares de pacientes internados em unidades de internação médica durante 15 dias, por meio do índice resto-ingestão. O índice foi determinado por tipos de dieta, classificadas em normal, especial com sal e especial sem sal. Enquetes de satisfação com pacientes avaliaram os fatores que influenciam a aceitação das refeições. RESULTADOS: O peso total distribuído correspondente a 1.877 refeições foi de 868kg e o peso dos restos totalizou 313kg. Foi encontrado um índice resto-ingestão de 36,09% e um retorno de 53,68%, 33,99% e 33,84% de dietas especiais com sal, normais e especiais sem sal respectivamente. A variedade, a quantidade e a apresentação das refeições foram avaliadas de forma positiva. A temperatura e o uso de temperos foram os aspectos de menor satisfação, representando 43,00% e 34,30%, respectivamente, para os critérios de regular a ruim. O índice resto-ingestão encontrado (36,09%) estava acima do aceitável para uma população enferma (20,00%), demonstrando uma perda considerável de alimentos. CONCLUSÃO: A partir dos resultados, observou-se a necessidade de avaliar os processos envolvidos na produção dessas refeições e de elaborar estratégias que estimulem a ingestão alimentar do paciente.
Alimentação fora do domicílio de consumidores do município de Campinas, São Paulo
Authors: Sanches Michele , Salay Elisabete
Published: April 2015

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em uma amostra não probabilística de indivíduos, a frequência de consumo de refeições realizadas fora do domicílio e os tipos de estabelecimentos mais utilizados para realizar o almoço. MÉTODOS: Entrevistou-se, em janeiro de 2006, por meio de questionário pré-testado, uma amostra por probabilística de 250 consumidores - 125 do sexo masculino e 125 do sexo feminimo -, adultos, residentes no município de Campinas. Para identificar diferenças significativas entre a frequência com que o consumidor costuma almoçar em diferentes locais e sua opinião com relação aos fatores que influenciam a escolha dos estabelecimentos de acordo com variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, foram utilizados o teste t de Student, a análise da variância e o teste Least Square Difference de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 38,8% e 30,4%, respectivamente, relataram almoçar de quatro a sete vezes e jantar de uma a três vezes por semana fora do domicílio. Uma parcela de 35,2% dos consumidores apontou almoçar frequentemente e muito frequentemente em restaurantes a quilo e self service. Entre os fatores importantes para a escolha dos estabelecimentos, destacou-se, como muitíssimo importante, a higiene dos funcionários e do local. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) entre as frequências e as opiniões estudadas de acordo com características socioeconômicas e demográficas dos indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO: No âmbito do consumo alimentar fora do domicílio, destaca-se, em termos de frequência, o almoço em restaurante tipo self service e a quilo. É pertinente viabilizar programas de informação nutricional para consumidores sobre a alimentação fora do domicílio.
Alimento para fins especiais: ingredientes, elaboração e aglomeração
Authors: Azevedo Luciana , Mileib Christiane , Vissotto Fernanda Zaratini , Carvalho-Silva Luciano Bruno de
Published: April 2015

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver uma dieta enteral nutricionalmente completa, com condições ajustadas de aglomeração, visando contemplar as características físicas e químicas desejadas para esse alimento especial. MÉTODOS: Como ingredientes foram utilizados maltodextrina, óleo de canola, triglicerídios de cadeia média, goma acácia, inulina e frutooligossacarídeos, proteínas do soro de leite, isolado proteico de soja, vitaminas e minerais. Após os ajustes das quantidades e proporções dos ingredientes, a formulação foi aglomerada e submetida às análises de composição centesimal, molhabilidade, densidade aparente, atividade de água, viscosidade e cor. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se uma fórmula contendo 1kcal.mL-1, normoproteica (3,9g.100mL-1) e normolipídica (3,9g.100mL-1). Após a aglomeração da dieta, observaram-se os seguintes resultados: molhabilidade de 0,262g.s-1, densidade aparente de 0,317g.cm-3e atividade de água de 0,393. A análise de cor indicou redução da luminosidade e aumento dos parâmetros de cor a*e b*, apresentando leve variação para o vermelho e forte presença do amarelo. CONCLUSÃO: Os ingredientes empregados, e suas respectivas proporções, bem como o processo de aglomeração, possibilitaram a obtenção de um alimento para fins especiais com propriedades bioativas. O processo de aglomeração possibilitou uma dieta de fácil reconstituição e utilização através de sondas, facilitando a infusão e, consequentemente, a diminuição de intercorrências.
Incidence and main causes of severe maternal morbidity in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil: a longitudinal study
Authors: Moraes Ana Paula Pierre , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Passos Valéria Maria Azeredo , Golino Patrícia Silva , Costa Janne Ayre , Vasconcelos Marina Xerez
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of severe maternal morbidity has been used in monitoring of maternal health. The objective of this study was to estimate its incidence and main causes in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective longitudinal study, carried out in two public high-risk maternity hospitals and two public intensive care units (ICUs) for referral of obstetric cases from the municipality. METHODS: Between March 1, 2009, and February 28, 2010, all cases of severe maternal morbidity according to the Mantel and Waterstone criteria were identified. The sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics of the extremely severe cases were compared with the less severe cases, using the Fisher, Χ2, Student t and Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level of < 0.05. RESULTS: 127 cases of severe maternal morbidity were identified among 8,493 deliveries, i.e. an incidence of 15.0/1000 deliveries. Out of 122 cases interviewed, 121 cases were within the Waterstone criteria and 29 were within the Mantel criteria, corresponding to incidences of 14.1/1000 and 3.4/1000 deliveries, respectively. These rates were lower than those described in the literature, possibly due to case loss. The main causes were hypertension during pregnancy, which was more frequent in less severe cases (P = 0.001) and obstetric hemorrhage, which was more common among extremely severe cases (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Direct obstetric disorders were the main causes of severe maternal morbidity in São Luís, Maranhão. Investigation and monitoring of severe morbidity may contribute towards improving obstetric care in the municipality.
Renal failure due to primary amyloidosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Mello Ramon Andrade Bezerra de , Santos Dania Sofia Neiva Marques , Freitas-Silva Margarida Paula Rebelo Nunes , Andrade Joaquim Aguiar
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT: Primary amyloidosis, also known as AL amyloidosis, is commonly caused by clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow, thereby segregating light chains of clonal immunoglobulin that settle in tissues in the form of insoluble amyloid fibrils. The aim of this study was to report a case of primary amyloidosis with renal failure, diagnosed in Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal, focusing on the diagnostic difficulties and presenting a literature review. CASE REPORT: A 68-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of the hospital with a condition of anasarca and nephrotic syndrome. After performing a renal biopsy that tested positive using Congo red and immunohistochemistry, lambda light chain amyloidosis was diagnosed. This evolved into terminal renal disease, which led to hemodialysis and several episodes of urinary and catheter infections. He was started on chemotherapy, consisting of bortezomib 0.7 mg/m² and dexamethasone 40 mg in six cycles. This led to clinical improvement, stabilization of the illness and good tolerance of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Amyloidosis is a rare entity that is difficult to diagnose. This is because of the unspecific early clinical manifestations of the disease. The hypothesis of amyloidosis is only considered when specific organ failure occurs. This case consisted of primary amyloidosis with involvement of the kidneys as an initial presentation of the disease and its difficulties were shown, going from the clinical approach to the final diagnosis.
Primary Palatoplasty for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Mucosal Grafts and Flaps
Authors: Torikai Katsuyuki , Kijima Takeshi , Hirakawa Takashi , Naganishi Hiroki , Ishiwata Yasuo , Fukawa Toshihiko , Funaki Junzo , Nagaoka Ryosuke , Suzuki Keiko , Sano Tsuguo
Published: April 2015

The mucosal graft and flaps method (MG method) is a palatoplasty technique that was developed for the purpose of improving maxillary growth in patients with cleft palate. In the MG method, full-thickness buccal mucosa is grafted onto the raw surface created by pushback palatoplasty. The method is unlikely to result in severe scarring and has a favorable effect on maxillary growth. In addition, it is unlikely to result in oronasal fistula and provides good speech results. Overall, postive long-term treatment results have been obtained. Although the MG method is technically difficult and requires a lengthy surgery, the technique is considered to be effective for palate closure in terms of speech and maxillary growth.
Cerámica vidriada de época emiral en Córdoba
Authors: Salinas Elena
Published: April 2015

This paper is a first approximation to the glazed ceramic from Cordova (Spain) from Emirate phase. Firstly, there is a summary of a few findings exhumed and published in Cordova. Then, a study of a very interesting ceramic assemblage is presented due to it being a closed context, dated to the late 9th or early 10th centuries. The importance of this discovery lies in the quality of the pieces and the variety in their forms and decorations. Some of these pieces have similarities with other ceramics from al-Andalus, such as Pechina (Almería), while others have parallels with Oriental ceramics.
Los sistemas defensivos califales de la Sierra de San Blas (Ágreda, Soria)
Authors: Alonso Fernández Carmen , Jiménez Echevarría Javier
Published: April 2015

Recent archaeological work in the Sierra de San Blas in Agreda (Soria), have identified a system of three watchtower dating from the tenth century, designed to defend both the emirate nucleus of Agreda and this border region within Marca Media Hispánica.This group is the counterpoint to the lack of related sites existing in Soria eastern against the dense network of western defense, while it allows the introduction of new archaeological and historicaldimensions about the disappearance of the caliphate nucleus of Agreda in an advanced stage of the tenth century. Despite the simplicity of the structures that have survived  up to today, all have a constructive model similar to other related archaeological sites located in nearby mountain ranges such as the Sierra del Madero, with which they share the same function.The synchronism come backed by the homogeneity of archaeological materials recovered in San Blas, which enrich the concise record known so far in Soria.
Los arcaduces islámicos de Senda de Granada. Tipología y encuadre cronológico
Authors: García Blanquez Luis A.
Published: April 2015

This essay focuses its study in the arcaduces (qâdûs: islamic ceramic waterwheel buckets) documented in a set of aceñas (Sâniya: water-lifting wheels draught by animals) located in Senda de Granada, an area based in the northern zone of the Andalusian-Murcian hydraulic system.The study of the ceramic material and the analysis of the stratigraphic and structural contexts have confirmed the islamic affiliation of, at least, the zone of Aljufía (north), and its dating in the X century, ruling out its possible Roman origin. This date has been established thanks to the documented arcaduces in the aceñas 1, 2 and 3, which are denominated arcaduces of near-distal fixation and are typologically located in the group identified by S. Gutiérrez Lloret (1986, 1996), originally, in the Lower Segura river, which traces its history back to the second half of VIII century.The presence of other kind of arcaduz in Senda de Granada, provided of notches and a pointed base (near-medial fixation), better represented in the rest of al-Andalus, led us to study the spatial distribution of the respective types and the alleged evolutionary process of morpho-technical character. The analysis has revealed that both types of arcaduz lived together for a long period of time, between the X and XI centuries, although they didn’t coexisted at the same geographic space. They occupied exclusive areas until the XII century, when the near-distal fixation arcaduces were definitely replaced, in Tudmīr, by the near-medial fixation arcaduces with pointed base.In relation with the creation of the al-Andalus irrigated space in Murcia, the findings in Senda de Granada make possible to determine a terminus ante quem for the creation of their vegetable garden in the X century, period in which their aceñas were already operating.
La cerámica feudal entre mediados de los siglos XIII y XIV, según el repertorio de la plaza de la Judería de Teruel
Authors: Hernández Pardos Antonio
Published: April 2015

The archaeological excavation in 2004 in the square of the Jewish Quarter of Teruel provided a solid stratigraphy, which has allowed us to recognize a chapter in the evolution of the ceramic used in the south of Aragon between 1250 and 1350, approximately. From the previous adaptation techniques and containers, was setting up a new utensils for feudal society was consolidating after the conquest of peninsular Levante.
Winter Management of Yearling Steers in a Grass‐Fed Beef Production System
Authors: Mata‐Padrino Domingo , Felton Eugene , Bryan William B.
Published: April 2015

The role of winter pasture management for beef production systems requires clarification. We designed four pasture management systems to sustain a 0.5 kg average daily gain (ADG) of spring‐born steers during fall and winter. The experiment was conducted at West Virginia University, Reedsville Experimental Farm. Treatments replicated three times on 0.81 ha grazing units included: (i) naturalized grazingland with haylage (NGH), (ii) orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivated pastureland, animals moved to drylot with hay (OCD), (iii) orchardgrass cultivated pastureland with haylage (OCH), and (iv) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum, Schreb., Darbysh.) cultivated pastureland with haylage (TCH). Grasslands were stockpiled from August and N (84 kg ha−1) was applied to all except NGH. Grazing began in November and ended in January with a stocking density of 4.9 steers ha−1hay or haylage were fed until April. Pelleted soybean (Glycine max L.) hulls (PSH) were fed when ADG fell below 0.5 kg. Herbage disappearance was highest in TCH (1521 kg ha−1). Herbage accumulation of TCH was reduced more by dry weather during stockpiling. Differences in nutritive value between grasslands were small, as OCH and OCD had greater crude protein (CP) whereas NGH had lower CP. No differences in ADG were found between treatments; however, in 2006–2007 and 2008–2009 with early and persistent snow cover, supplementation was required, being significant in 2006–2007. Yearling steers can be maintained during winter with a combination of stockpiled and conserved forages fed to achieve gains of 0.5 kg ha−1d−1.
Organic Transition Effects on Soilborne Diseases of Soybean and Populations of Pseudomonadaceae
Authors: Marzano Shin‐Yi‐Lee , Villamil Maria B. , Wander Michelle M. , Ugarte Carmen M. , Wen Liwei , Eastburn Darin M.
Published: April 2015

During transition to organic production, various strategies can be implemented to enhance soil health, including the soil property of disease suppressiveness. We previously found increased levels of diseases caused by biotrophic pathogens associated with manure application, but manure also suppressed diseases caused by necrotrophic pathogens. In an extension of that study we evaluated soils from different cropping system and organic amendment treated plots using a bioassay of suppressiveness to two soilborne diseases, Rhizoctonia root rot and sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Also, the soil population levels of Pseudomonadaceae were assessed for their suitability as an indicator of disease suppressiveness. Levels of soil suppression of both Rhizoctonia root rot and SDS were found to be associated with specific cropping systems, but the associations were not consistent from year to year. There were no associations between organic amendment treatments and disease suppression in the bioassay studies. However, there was an overall increase in soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani during the 3 yr of transition, regardless of cropping system or organic amendment treatments. In contrast, there was an overall decrease in suppressiveness to Fusarium virguliforme during the transition. There was no significant effect of cropping system or organic amendment treatments on the levels of Pseudomonadaceae, indicating that this was not a good predictor of general suppression in this study. While specific treatments were not found to consistently impact soil suppressiveness, the overall increase in suppressiveness to R. solani during the 3‐yr transition did show the value of the transition process.
Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Non‐ and Single‐Irrigated Alfalfa with Ridge and Furrow Planting in Northern China
Authors: Li Zizhong , Zhang Weihua , Sun Zenghui
Published: April 2015

Ridge and furrow planting (RFP) is a rainwater harvesting system that improves the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and other crops. Field experiments were performed to study the effects of RFP under non‐ or single‐irrigated (NI and SI) alfalfa production on yield, WUE, evapotranspiration (ET), soil water, and forage growth from 2010 to 2011. Three planting treatments were used, flat bed, bare ridge, and plastic mulch ridge in the NI and SI fields that were referred to as FPNI, BRNI, and MRNI; and FPSI, BRSI, and MRSI, respectively. For the NI field, BRNI and MRNI significantly increased the total forage yield in the 2 yr combined by 14 and 53%; and WUE by 17 and 74% compared with FPNI, respectively. The MRNI significantly increased the 2‐yr combined yield by 34% and WUE by 55% compared with BRNI. There were no significant differences in the ET over the 2 yr among the three treatments. For the SI field, BRSI and MRSI significantly increased the total forage yield over the 2 yr by 53 and 107%; and WUE by 54 and 120% compared with FPSI, respectively. The MRSI significantly increased the yield over the 2 yr by 34% and WUE by 44% compared with BRNI. Only the ET value from the MRSI treatment was significantly lower than that from the FPSI or BRSI. Therefore, MRSI could improve the yield and WUE in alfalfa, with MRNI another option under rain‐fed conditions.
Nutrient Management Strategies on Heterogeneously Fertile Granitic‐Derived Soils in Subhumid Zimbabwe
Authors: Kurwakumire Natasha , Chikowo Regis , Zingore Shamie , Mtambanengwe Florence , Mapfumo Paul , Snapp Sieglinde , Johnston Adrian
Published: April 2015

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the staple food in southern Africa, but low soil fertility and lack of effective fertilization strategies for variable soil conditions hamper efficient use of nutrient resources. The objective of this study was to establish the influence of soil fertility heterogeneity on maize yield response to manure, liming, and inorganic fertilizers. Three sites, selected to represent three soil fertility domains based on soil organic carbon (SOC) between 3.5 to 8.9 g SOC kg−1 soil, were used during two cropping seasons. Nitrogen, P, K, and S were applied alone (NPKS) or in combinations involving lime, cattle manure, and micronutrients. Grain and stover were analyzed for nutrient uptake, and agronomic efficiencies were computed for N and P. Across sites, maize grain yields increased with increasing SOC. In Year 2, lime was the most important component for increasing maize yields in low SOC soil. For the medium and high SOC soils, treatments with NPKS + manure resulted in the best efficiencies. Although soil pH was low in these fields as well, lime which was applied only in Year 1, did not improve yields either year. Maize yields and nutrient uptake were strongly affected by SOC content, with yields for a site with 3.5 g SOC kg−1 soil significantly lower than the two sites that had >5.3 g SOC kg−1soil. We conclude that farmers must strategically target their limited nutrients resources to fields that are not yet degraded and maintain soil fertility to guarantee returns to fertilizer investments.
DNA insecticides based on iap3 gene fragments of cabbage looper and gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis viruses show selectivity for non-target insects
Authors: Oberemok Volodymyrovych , Laikova Volodymyrivna , Zaitsev Sergeevich , Nyadar Mutah , Shumskykh Nikolaevich , Gninenko Ivanovich
Published: April 2015

DNA insecticides are novel preparations based on short single-stranded
fragments of anti-apoptotic (IAP) genes of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. In
this article we report about the harmlessness of the DNA insecticides based
on single-stranded fragments of the LdMNPV (Lymantria dispar multiple
nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus) IAP3 gene for tobacco hornworm and black
cutworm, and present the first evidence of significant insect-specific
insecticidal effect of single-stranded TnSNPV (Trichoplusia ni single
nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus) IAP3 gene fragments on the viability of
cabbage looper and their harmlessness for black cutworm and wheat weevil.
Our results show that DNA insecticides based on LdMNPV IAP3 and TnSNPV IAP3
gene fragments can be selective in action and have potential use in insect
pest control.
Development of IgY antibodies for control of tetanus
Authors: Selim A.M. , Ibrahim E.M. , El Meshad , Hamouda F.K.
Published: April 2015

Tetanus is a cut and often highly fatal infectious disease that affects both
human and animals; the disease caused by exotoxin which produced by C.
tetani. In the current study, we try to get hyperimmune IgY in chicken egg
against tetanus toxin and use it as prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment
for tetanus. The obtained IgY titer after inoculation of tetanus toxin in
chicken eggs was 1320 limit of flocculation (Lf-eq) after 72 hr. IgY in
adose of 4500 Lf-eq can be protect donkey after artificial infection by 1
minimum lethal dose (MLD) of C. tetani. While a dose of 30000 Lf-eq IgY
intramuscularly two times daily for 2 injections, with 9500 Limit of
flocculation Lf-eq IgY intrathecally in subarachnoid space was 100% curative
for a donkey which was challenged with 1 MLD of C. tetani. Furthermore, IgY
was evaluated experimentally in comparison with IgG in mice. IgY has equally
efficacy to IgG in prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus.
Effect of foliar fertilization on soybean grain yield
Authors: Mandic V. , Simic A. , Krnjaja V. , Bijelic Z. , Tomic Z. , Stanojkovic A. , Ruzic-Muslic D.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effects of foliar
fertilization on quantitative traits (plant height, first pod height, number
of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grain per plant,
grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield) in two soybean
cultivars (Balkan and Becejka). Studied cultivars belong to different
maturity groups (Balkan - I and Becejka - 0). Four treatments of
fertilization were tested: control (no fertilization), Urea (46 kg N ha-1),
Urea (46 kg N ha-1) + Wuxal super (5 l ha-1) and Urea (46 kg N ha-1) +
Ferticare I (5 kg ha-1). Wuxal super and Ferticare I were foliar applied two
times at the R2-R3 growth stage. The field experiments were carried out in
dry land farming in the region of Vojvodina province at location Putinci (45?
00? N Lat., 19? 58? E Long.), during the years 2007 and 2008. In both
research years, Balkan had higher values for all investigated traits than
Becejka. Results showed that foliar fertilizers significantly increased the
values for all quantitative traits. Ferticare I is more effective than Wuxal
super in soybean because this fertilizer has higher concentration of
macronutrients. Foliar fertilization of soybean reduced the negative impact
of small amounts of rainfall during the summer months on grain yield.
Risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Folic Nevena , Folic Marko , Markovic Slavica , Andjelkovic Marija , Jankovic Slobodan
Published: April 2015

Introduction. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and
adolescents is a great concern of the modern society. Objective. Our aim was
to determine the influence of previously investigated, but also and
potentially novel risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in
children and adolescents. Methods. Observational case-control clinical study
was conducted involving children and adolescents with obesity/metabolic
syndrome, treated on inpatient basis from January 2008 to January 2012 at the
Pediatric Clinic of the Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia. The
group of ?cases? (n=28) included patients aged 10-16 years with the diagnosis
of metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation
(IDF) criteria, while the control group included twice as many obese patients
(n=56) matched to the compared group. Results. Presence of maternal
gestational diabetes (ORadjusted: 39.426; 95% CI: 1.822-853.271; p=0.019),
and/or lack of breastfeeding in the first six months of life (ORadjusted:
0.079; 95% CI: 0.009-0.716; p=0.024) were significant predictors for
developing MetS. Also, microalbuminuria is associated with MetS in obese
children and adolescents (ORadjusted: 1.686; 95% CI: 1.188-2.393; p=0.003).
Conclusion. Presence of maternal gestational diabetes and/or lack of infant
breastfeeding are considered as relevant factors that may contribute to the
increased risk of developing MetS syndrome, while microalbuminuria is
frequently associated with MetS in obese children and adolescents.
The impact of demographic and socio-economic conditions on the prevalence of speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola
Authors: Rajchanovska Domnika , Zaifirova Ivanovska
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Speech development in preschool children should be consistent
with a child?s overall development. However, disorders of speech in
childhood are not uncommon. Objective. The purpose of the study was to
determine the impact of demographic and socio-economic conditions on the
prevalence of speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola. Methods. The
study is observational and prospective with two years duration. During the
period from May 2009 to June 2011, 1607 children aged 3 and 5 years, who
came for regular examinations, were observed. The following research methods
were applied: pediatric examination, psychological testing (Test of
Chuturik), interviews with parents and a questionnaire for behavior of
children (Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL). Results. 1,607 children were
analyzed, 772 aged three years, 835 aged five years, 51.65% male and 49.35%
female. The prevalence of speech disorders was 37.65%. Statistical analysis
showed that these disorders were more frequent in three years old children,
males living in rural areas and in larger families. They did not have their
own rooms at home, they were using mobile phones and were spending many
hours per day watching television, (p<0.01). Also, children whose parents
had lower levels of education and were engaged in agriculture, often had
significant speech disorders, (p<0.01). Conclusion. Speech disorders in
preschool children in Bitola have a high prevalence. Because of their
influence on later cognitive development of children, the process requires
cooperation among parents, children, speech and the audiologist with the
significant role in prevention, early detection and treatment.
Giant destructive sinonasal polyposis
Authors: Dimitrijevic Milovan , Arsovic Nenad , Dudvarski Zoran , Boricic Ivan
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Authors report their clinical experience in managing a
46-year-old male patient with long lasting nose breathing difficulties caused
by nasal obstruction due to a large bilateral tumor masses in both nasal
cavities. Case Outline. Physical examination, laboratory and biochemistry
analyses, as well as computed tomography showed an inhomogeneous soft-tissue
tumor mass completely filling both nasal cavities, maxillary, ethmoidal,
sphenoidal, and frontal sinuses on both sides, accompanied by destruction of
bony walls of all sinuses. Preoperative histopathology analysis showed a
polyp with squamous metaplasia. The gigantic polypoid mass was removed by
bicoronal approach to the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses and by direct
approach to the maxillary sinuses and nasal cavity. Definite histopathology
analysis confirmed the initial diagnosis, but the presence of fungal hyphae
in allergic mucus was also observed. Conclusion. Polypoid growth in the nose
rarely grow to such gigantic dimensions that it causes destruction of all
walls of paranasal sinuses. Considering so far published reports from the
literature, the presented case is among the biggest nasal polyps reported
until now.
Ameloblastic fibroma: A rare case report with 7-year follow-up
Authors: de Araújo , Barros Adna , de Cássia , Cerqueira Arlei , Nunes Dos
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor
that usually occurs in the first two decades of life. It affects adolescents
and young adults and is found in the mandible and with a higher frequency in
the posterior region of this segment. There are rare case reports with a
long-term follow-up. Case Outline. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy
with extensive ameloblastic fibroma in the mandible. Treatment consisted of
enucleation and bone curettage, with the preservation of permanent teeth
adjacent to the tumor. Clinical and radiographic follow-up of the patient
over a period of 7 years showed no signs of recurrence or malignant
transformation. Conclusion. Patients with AF should be under follow-up for
prolonged periods of time, even in cases exhibiting a low proliferation
index, because of the potential for recurrence and malignant transformation
of this tumor.
Extragenital malignant mixed Mullerian tumor in the incisional hernia - primary carcinosarcoma in the abdominal wall: Case report
Authors: Zuvela Marinko , Micev Marjan , Terzic Milan , Saranovic Djordjije , Galun Danijel , Milicevic Miroslav
Published: April 2015

Introduction. This report presents a primary Mullerian carcinosarcoma
localized in the incisional hernia i.e. anterior abdominal wall. There is no
data in the literature about this localization of extragenital Mullerian
carcinosarcoma. Case Outline. The patient had previous medical history of
right-sided ovarian cystadenocarcinoma managed by hysterectomy, bilateral
ovariectomy and chemotherapy. An incisional hernia occurred 1 year after the
operation and Mullerian carcinosarcoma at the right border of the incisional
hernia 16 years later. There was no tumor spreading into the abdominal cavity
and pelvis. Full thickness of the abdominal wall resection and coexisting
incisional hernia resulted in a large 25x20 cm abdominal wall defect managed
by the modified components separation technique and implanting meshes.
Conclusion. Major abdominal wall resection and abdominal wall reconstruction
using the modified components separation technique reinforced with meshes
could be one of possible solutions in the surgical treatment of primary
malignant mixed Mullerian tumor localized in the abdominal wall.
Development of the lower urinary tract and its functional disorders
Authors: Peco-Antic Amira , Milosevski-Lomic Gordana
Published: April 2015

A normal development of lower urinary tract function control evolves from
involuntary bladder empting (incontinence) during infancy to daytime urinary
continence, and finally a successful day and night continence that is
generally achieved by the 5th to 7th year of age. This gradual process
primarily depends on the progressive maturation of the neural control of the
lower urinary tract, but it is also influenced by behavioral training that
evolves through social support. Functional voiding disorders (bladder
dysfunction) are common problems during childhood. They are present in 5-15 %
of general pediatric population, and in one-fifth of school-age children or
in over one-third of patients of the pediatric urologist or nephrologist.
More than half of children with bladder dysfunction have vesicoureteral
reflux, and more than two-thirds have recurrent urinary tract infections.
There is also a frequent association of bladder dysfunction with constipation
and encopresis (dysfunctional elimination syndrome). Bladder dysfunction may
cause a permanent damage to the upper urinary tract and kidneys. In addition,
urinary incontinence, as the most common manifestation of bladder dysfunction
can be the cause of major stress in schoolage children and have a negative
effect on the child?s feeling of self-esteem. Thus, a timely detection and
treatment of this group of disorders in children is highly significant.
Contribution of novel anticoagulants fondaparinux and dabigatran to venous thromboembolism prevention
Authors: Antonijevic Nebojsa , Kanjuh Vladimir , Zivkovic Ivana , Jovanovic Ljubica , Vukcevic Miodrag , Apostolovic Milan
Published: April 2015

The data that episodes and sequels of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are
recorded in a significant percentage of patients receiving standard
anticoagulants as VTE prophylaxis (unfractionated, low-molecular-weight
heparin and vitamin K inhibitors) as well as the fact that these drugs have
significant limitations and that they may cause serious side-effects in some
patients indicate the need for the introduction of new anticoagulant drugs.
Fondaparinux, a selective inhibitor of Factor Xa, administered following
major orthopedic surgeries having a high risk for the development of VTE, is
more efficient than enoxaparin sodium used in European and North-American
approved doses. The increased incidence of major bleeding (excluding fatal)
due to fondaparinux could be perhaps lowered by dosage reduction in patients
with a mildly decreased creatinine clearance. Dabigatran, a peroral direct
thrombin inhibitor, administered for VTE prophylaxis in elective hip and knee
surgery, showed in to date studies the efficacy comparable (if dabigatran is
given in both dosage regimes of 150 mg and 220 mg daily) or superior (if
dabigatran is given at a dose of 220 mg daily) to enoxaparin administered in
European-approved doses, while North American-approved doses of enoxaparin
were superior than dabigatran in VTE reduction. No significant differences in
bleeding rates were determined in any of the study groups. We consider that
the introduction of new anticoagulants, including fondaparinux and
dabigatran, will contribute to the establishment of a better safety profile
and efficacy, and will also enable adequate therapy individualization for
each patient depending on his/hers clinical characteristics. The introduction
of novel peroral anticoagulants will, inter alia, significantly contribute to
improvement in the quality of life, release the patient from numerous
limitations in nutrition, interreaction, frequent laboratory monitoring, and
also significantly improve therapeutic predictability.
Maxillary anterior alignment stability in Class I and Class II malocclusions treated with or without extraction
Authors: Guirro Willian Juarez Granucci , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Janson Guilherme , de Freitas Marcos Roberto , Quaglio Camila Leite
Published: April 2015

Objective: 

To compare the postretention stability of maxillary incisors alignment in subjects with Class I and II malocclusion treated with or without extractions.

Materials and Methods: 

The sample comprised 103 subjects with initial maxillary anterior irregularity greater than 3 mm and was divided into four groups: group 1 comprised 19 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with nonextraction (mean initial age = 13.06 years); group 2 comprised 19 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with nonextraction (mean initial age = 12.54 years); group 3 comprised 30 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with extractions (mean initial age = 13.16 years); group 4 comprised 35 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with extractions (mean initial age = 12.99 years). Dental casts were obtained at three different stages: pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term posttreatment (T3). Maxillary incisor irregularity and arch dimensions were evaluated. Intergroup comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests.

Results: 

In the long-term posttreatment period, relapse of maxillary crowding and arch dimensions was similar in all groups.

Conclusion: 

Changes in maxillary anterior alignment in Class I and Class II malocclusions treated with nonextractions and with extractions were similar in the long-term posttreatment period.
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Stool Culture
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Atiqur
Published: April 2015

Background: Resistance of S. typhi to a number of antibiotics has become a serious public health problem. Drug resistant S. typhi has been reported as early as 1972 in Mexico and been observed in other countries like Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea, Peru and India. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Ibn Sina Microbiology laboratory, Sylhet during the period from May 2012 to September 2013 to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella typhi (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) isolated by stool culture from clinically suspected typhoid fever patients. Stool samples were collected in clean widemouthed plastic container from 249 patients, who attended Ibn Sina Hospital, irrespective of age. The specimens were cultured on Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA), MacConkey agar (MAC) and Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar media. Laboratory isolation and identification of Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) were done using standard morphological and biochemical methods. Isolates identified as S typhi were differentiated from other Salmonella species using Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar. Antimicrobial resistance of each isolate was determined by the Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar using commercially available discs following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The panel of antimicrobials included were amikacin (30?g), azithromycin (15?g), cefixime (5?g), ceftriaxone (30?g), ciprofloxacin (5?g), chloramphenicol (30?), co-trimoxazole (1.25/23.75?g), imipenem (10?g), levofloxacin (5?g) and tetracycline (30?g). Result: Out of 249 stool specimens investigated, only 35(14.06%) isolates of S.typhi were recovered. Among 35 positive samples 19(54.29%) were adult and 16(46.71%) were children. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the resistance rates of S.typhi were 97.14% for cotrimoxazole, 95.29% for azithromycin, 91.43% for cefixime, 85.71% for tetracycline, 77.14% for ciprofloxacin and 68.57 % for ceftriaxone, respectively. Increased sensitivity was reported for imipenem (88.57%), amikacin (77.14%), chloramphenicol (65.71%) and levofloxacin (42.86%). Conclusion: Of the 35 isolates of S. typhi, none was susceptible to all of the antibiotics. We therefore face the imminent prospect of encountering untreatable typhoid fever in the near future due to multi-drug resistance pattern of isolates observed in this study. Further studies with large number of specimens are highly recommended to validate the present study and to monitor microbial trends and antimicrobial resistance patterns in other parts of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22876 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 26-30
HDL & LDL Status in Untreated Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Iqbal Abu Tarek , Uddin M Jalal , Salehuddin Md , Murad Hasan
Published: April 2015

Objective: The study was conducted with a view to find out HDL & LDL status in newly detected untreated Type II diabetic patients. Methods: Study was carried out on 116 (66 male & 50 female) newly diagnosed untreated type 2 diabetes patients aged 40 - 65 years and were selected randomly for study. Fifty (25 male & 25 female) non diabetic subjects aged 40 - 65 years were randomly selected as control. Results: LDL - C was significantly higher (P<.0001) and HDL -C was significantly lower (<.0001) in study group in comparison to control group.Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is commonly found in type - 2 diabetic patients. It is a risk factor for microvascular complications. So it should be controlled effectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22877 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 31-33
Maternal Near Miss : A Case Report
Authors: Noor Serajun , Hoque AMM Ehtashumul , Alam Kawsar , Uddin Nasir
Published: April 2015

The term Maternal Near Miss (MNM) refer to women who have escaped death either by chance or due to good health care after experiencing severe life threatening complication during pregnancy, labour and within six weeks after termination of pregnancy. A Near Miss event in a 3rd gravid at 42 weeks with intrauterine death having intractable Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) with severe maternal morbidity is reported here. Delay means death holds true for such emergency situation. The aim of the report is to stress the need of patients education, importance of emergency transportation and availability of multi-disciplinary tools and adequate blood transfusion at all level of health care system. Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity (SAMM) is a complement for maternal mortality and also to evaluate the quality of obstetric care in that particular institution. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22889 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 67-70
Tuberculoma of Central Nervous System with Right Sided Hemiparesis
Authors: Iqbal Shahed , Akter Wahida , Badruddoza M , Chowdhury Mahmood Ahmed
Published: April 2015

Tuberculoma is one of the manifestations of Central Nervous System (CNS) tuberculosis (TB). A tuberculoma is a tuberculous focus, which enlarges with in brain tissue, firm, avascular, spherical masses, with size varying between 2 cm to 10 cm in diameter and the compressed surrounding tissue shows edema and gliosis. Tuberculoma resuls from aggregation of caseous tubercle that usually manifest clinically as brain tumour. Tuberculomas account for upto 40% of brain tumours in some areas of the world. In adults tuberculomas are most often supratentorial, but in children they are often infratentorial, located at the base of the brain near the cerebellum. Lesions are most often singular but may be multiple. The most common symptoms are headache, fever & convulsion & also may give rise to signs of raised intracranial pressure or a hemiplegia, or cranial nerve palsy if in the brain stem. Here described a case of 4 years old female child who presented with the complants of high grade fever for 10 days duration followed by right sided weakness for 4 months. She had 6,sup>th and 7th cranial nerve palsy with exaggerated reflex on right side. Her tuberculin test was positive but Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) study was normal & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain showed rim enhancing lesion. Early recognition and timely treatment of CNS TB is critical if the considerable mortality and morbidity associated with the condition is to be prevented. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22892 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 74-76