bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Community Studies
Authors: Hyde Zachary
Published: February 2025

The field of urban community studies explores the social life of cities. Drawing inspiration from early sociological thinking about the changes brought about by industrialization, researchers explore how communities adapt to the diversity and changing conditions of urban life. They highlight ongoing tensions between “traditional” and “cosmopolitan” norms and values, patterns of interaction between diverse groups, and the role of communities in shaping institutions and the built environment.
Multieffect Specific Nanovesicles for Homing Resistant Tumors and Overcoming Osimertinib‐Acquired Resistance in NSCLC
Authors: Dou Yuanyao , Liu Yihui , Han Rui , Zheng Jie , Wang Liping , Hu Chen , Huang Daijuan , He Chao , Zhang Yimin , Lin Caiyu , Lu Conghua , Wu Di , Tang Huan , He Tingting , Tang Liling , He Yong
Published: February 2025

Acquired resistance to osimertinib (Osi) remains a major obstacle in the treatment of patients with EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). AXL elevation is a known key mechanism of Osi‐resistance, and therapeutic strategies remain scarce. Emerging evidence reveals that an increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) level induces Osi resistance. In this study, a new mechanism is identified by which GSH regulates AXL expression via glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in Osi‐resistant cells. A multifunctional covalent organic framework (COF) nanoplatform for GSH consumption, AXL inhibition, and co‐delivery of the AXL inhibitor (Brigatinib) and Osi is creatively constructed to confirm whether Osi sensitivity improves by simultaneously targeting GSH‐AXL resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, it is coated, for the first time, the COF carrier system with specific vesicles to precisely home it into resistant tumors, where CDH2 adhesion molecules play a crucial role. The engineered multifunctional antiresistance‐specific nanovesicles effectively inhibited the GSH‐AXL axis, induced apoptosis in Osi‐resistant cells both in vitro and in vivo, and delayed the progression of Osi‐resistant tumors. Overall, these findings provide a novel strategy to overcome the Osi‐acquired resistance caused by high AXL levels in NSCLC.
MXene Quantum Dots Covalently Modified with Poly[1,4‐diethynylbenzene‐alt‐spiropyran] for Analog‐Type Optoelectronic Dual‐Response Memristor
Authors: Zhao Kejia , Zhang Chenjian , Chen Qian , Wang Kexin , Qian Ning , Wang Xinzhu , He Haidong , Chen Yu
Published: February 2025

Quantum dots stand as an outstanding choice for high‐tech applications due to their fascinating edge and quantum confinement effects and unique optoelectronic properties. By using 4‐bromobenzenediazonium‐modified MXene quantum dots as a key zero‐dimensional template, highly soluble poly[1,4‐diethynylbenzene‐alt‐spiropyran] (PBSP)‐covalently functionalized MXene quantum dots (PBSP‐MQDs), in which two structural isomers of spiropyran (i.e., ring‐opened merocyanine and ring‐closed spiropyran) can interconvert into each other rapidly under different light illumination, are synthesized in situ. The weight percentage of MQDs in PBSP‐MQDs is 10.4%. For comparison purpose, PBSP‐covalently grafted MXene nanosheets (PBSP‐MXene) and PBSP are also synthesized under the same conditions. Upon UV or blue light illumination, these two reference materials do not show any memristive effect at a sweep range of ±0.5 V. On the contrary, the as‐fabricated ITO/PBSP‐MQDs/ITO device shows outstanding history‐dependent memristive switching performance, with 32 distinguishable conductance states, under the same experimental conditions. By using the difference in current between the adjacent conductive states as the weight parameters, a simple convolutional neural network for facial recognition is successfully constructed. After 200 epochs of training, the accuracy of facial recognition reaches up to 97.23%.
Association of late‐life variability in hemoglobin A1C with postmortem neuropathologies
Authors: Biswas Roshni , Capuano Ana W. , Mehta Rupal I. , Bennett David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

To study the relationship of late‐life hemoglobin A1C (A1C) with postmortem neuropathology in older adults with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHODS

A total of 990 participants from five cohort studies of aging and dementia with at least two annually‐collected A1C measures, who had autopsy. Neuropathologic evaluations documented cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other pathologies. To evaluate the association of A1C mean and variability (standard deviation [SD]) with neuropathology, we used a series of adjusted regression models.

RESULTS

Participants (mean age at death = 90.8 years; education = 15.8 years; 76% women) had six A1C measurements on average. Mean A1C was associated with greater odds of macroinfarcts (estimate = 0.14; p = 0.04) and subcortical infarcts (estimate = 0.16; p = 0.02). A1C variability was not associated with cerebrovascular pathology. A1C mean and variability were inversely associated with AD pathology.

DISCUSSION

The A1C average over time was associated with infarcts, and the A1C average and variability were inversely associated with AD pathology. Future studies should explore the underlying mechanisms linking A1C to dementia‐related neuropathologies.

Highlights

Hemoglobin A1C (A1C), a measure of peripheral insulin resistance, is used to assess glycemic control.

Higher A1C mean was associated with greater odds of macroscopic subcortical infarcts.

A1C variability was not associated with cerebrovascular pathology.

Both A1C mean and variability had inverse associations with AD pathology.

None of the associations varied by diabetes mellitus status.
Atropisomerism in Triarylboranes: Lewis Base Assisted Rotation at C−B Stereogenic Axis in Asymmetrical Boron Lewis Acids
Authors: Doan Thu-Hong , Chardon Aurélien , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Ramos Tárcius N. , Tumanov Nikolay , Fusaro Luca , Albalat Muriel , Collard Laurent , Wouters Johan , Champagne Benoît , Berionni Guillaume
Published: February 2025

The synthesis, properties and structural requirements for atropisomerism at the C−B bond in boron Lewis acids such as triarylboranes have been understudied so far. We report the first series of atropisomeric triarylboranes constituted of a naphthyl rotor and a dihydro‐9‐bora‐anthracenyl stator subunits, connected by a C−B stereogenic axis. Through systematic crystallographic, kinetic, photophysical and quantum chemical studies, the mechanisms, rates and barriers of diastereomerization and enantiomerization were determined.
The orthogonal arrangement between the naphthyl and the dihydro‐9‐bora‐anthracene scaffold moiety hamper the rotation of these two moieties around their Csp2−B bonds, enabling chiral resolution leading to enantiopure triarylboranes of high configurational stability. Furthermore, we fully elucidated a Lewis‐base assisted pathway controlling the rotation speed at the C−B stereogenic axis, enabling the atropisomerical behavior of these triarylboranes be controlled by a Lewis base.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Neodymium Complex: DFT Insights and Potential Anticancer Applications
Authors: Balboul Basma A. A. , Taha Rania H. , Alsirhani Alaa M. , Yousef Tarek A. , Saleh Aml M.
Published: February 2025

A new complex of type [Nd (HL) (NO3)2] has been synthesized with a Schiff base ligand H2L derived from 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde and L‐histidine. The structure of the synthesized complex was established using elemental analysis, molar conductivities, FT‐IR, 1HNMR, SEM, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. FT‐IR data revealed that H2L acts as a tetradentate ligand through the carboxylic acid, azomethine nitrogen, methoxy oxygen, and hydroxyl groups. Based on the electronic spectra, an octahedral configuration was hypothesized for the complex. The TGA method was employed to study the thermal behavior of ligand and its complex, and thermodynamic parameters were determined using Coats–Redfern equations. The XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized compounds possess nanoscale dimensions, with their crystallinity significantly enhanced by the coordination of the Nd(III) ion with H2L. DFT calculations were performed to optimize the geometry of the proposed structures, indicating improved thermodynamic and electronic stabilities. The reduced HOMO–LUMO gap in the Nd(III) complex further highlights its remarkable conductive and electronic properties. The surface morphology of the Nd(III) complex was analyzed using SEM to investigate its structural characteristics. The SEM images reveal a variety of particle shapes, including elongated, prismatic, and irregular blocky particles with sharp edges, suggesting a crystalline nature. The ligand and its Nd(III) complex were evaluated for their anticancer activity against prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and lung carcinoma cell lines. The inhibition rate of Nd(III) complex was 92.81%, 93.25%, and 94.58%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the Nd(III) complex exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer activity compared to the ligand alone, likely due to its improved structural and electronic properties. These findings suggest that the Nd(III) complex holds promise as a potent anticancer agent.
Investigating the Impact of Interference on the Structure and Characteristics of Self‐Stratifying Coatings
Authors: Lin Zihan , Wang Xingyu , Zhou Huan , Li Weili , Yang Fan , Liu Ruofei , Wang Fangming , Zhao Zhengbai , Yan Hui , Xu Lixin
Published: February 2025

Self‐stratifying coatings, with their convenient painting process and superior coating properties, are considered to be an important direction for replacing traditional coatings. However, due to the relatively complex composition of a coating and its curing process, it is necessary to find a suitable method to track and investigate the film‐forming mechanism of coatings. In this paper, we have modified PHMS (polyhydromethylsiloxane) to equip it with the same functional groups as epoxy resin and then physically blended it with epoxy resin to prepare a composite coating with self‐stratifying characteristics. To study the preparation, curing, and aging properties of the coating in real time, the AIEgens were introduced into the coating materials, which are capable of emitting fluorescent light (under excitation), depending on whether the molecular rotors of AIEgens are constrained or free to move. Research has proven that the modified PHMS (G‐PHMS) can effectively interact with epoxy resin to form a composite coating with a self‐stratifying structure. The effective mutual compounding between the two endows the coating with good hydrophobicity and self‐cleaning properties, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. With the simple process of coating and its superior performance, it has promising applications in industry.
Parametric Estimation of the Mean Number of Events in the Presence of Competing Risks
Authors: Entrop Joshua P. , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Crowther Michael J. , Clements Mark , Eloranta Sandra , Dietrich Caroline E.
Published: February 2025

Recurrent events, for example, hospitalizations or drug prescriptions, are common in time‐to‐event research. One useful summary measure of the recurrent event process is the mean number of events. Methods for estimating the mean number of events exist and are readily implemented for situations in which the recurrent event is the only possible outcome. However, estimation gets more challenging in the competing risk setting, in which methods are so far limited to nonparametric approaches. To this end, we propose a postestimation command for estimating the mean number of events in the presence of competing risks by jointly modeling the intensity function of the recurrent event and the survival function for the competing events. The proposed method is implemented in the R‐package JointFPM which is available on CRAN. Simulations demonstrate low bias and good coverage in scenarios where the intensity of the recurrent event does not depend on the number of previous events. We illustrate our method using data on readmissions after colorectal cancer surgery included in the frailtypack package for R. Estimates of the mean number of events can be used to augment time‐to‐event analyses when both recurrent and competing events exist. The proposed parametric approach offers estimation of a smooth function across time as well as easy estimation of different contrasts which is not available using a nonparametric approach.
Metabolomic Study of the Analgesic Effect of Dalbergia hanceiBenth (D. hancei) on Nociceptive Pain
Authors: Qin Chunping , Qiu Qin , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Pengfei , Mo Huiqing , Qin Zujie , Wei Hongxing , Qin Fangfang , Zhen Hanshen , Wei Jiangcun
Published: February 2025

Dalbergia hancei Benth (D. hancei) is a plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. It has analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects and is used by the Zhuang people to relieve pain. However, the mechanism underlying its analgesic effects remains unclear. This study investigates the analgesic effect of D. hancei based on metabolomics to explain the mechanism of its analgesia from a metabolomics perspective. The analgesic effect was evaluated through the acetic acid‐induced writhing test and hot plate test. Three treatment groups received different dosages of D. hancei (0.91 g/kg, 3.64 g/kg, 7.28 g/kg). Its analgesic mechanism was investigated using analgesic behavioral tests and metabolomics. The results of analgesic behavioral experiments showed that all dose groups of D. hancei could relieve pain. A total of eight differential metabolites were identified in the metabolomics results. These biomarkers are associated with five metabolic pathways. Following treatment with D. hancei, eight differential metabolites were identified as regulated, primarily affecting amino acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This study revealed the mechanism of analgesia from a metabolomic perspective to provide a basis for screening TCM drugs in pain treatment.
Simultaneous Quantification of Filgotinib and Its Active Metabolite in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Validation and Clinical Application
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Suno Manabu , Shintani Minae , Iwata Ayaka , Fujii Takao , Matsubara Kazuo
Published: February 2025

Filgotinib (FLG) is a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor and is metabolized to an active metabolite, GS‐829845. There is no report on the method for simultaneous quantification of FLG and GS‐829845 in clinical samples. We developed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of FLG and GS‐829845 in patient plasma. FLG and GS‐829845 were extracted from an aliquot of 50 μL of human plasma by simple deproteinization using methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Shim‐pack Scepter C18‐120 column with a combined mobile phase of water and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed by positive electrospray ionization using a QTRAP 4500 mass spectrometer. The method was validated in the concentration range of 2.5–50 ng/mL for FLG and 250–5000 ng/mL for GS‐829845. Intra‐ and inter‐day assay accuracy and precision were within 11.4% and 13.9%, respectively. Recoveries and matrix effects were consistent and reproducible. This developed and fully validated method is simple, rapid, and cost‐effective and was used successfully for therapeutic drug monitoring in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
Patients’ evaluation of information provision in the memory clinic
Authors: Hendriksen Heleen M. A. , Dobbe Jolanda H. M. , de Boer Casper , Lemstra Afina W. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Tewolde Mukrabe E. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Visser Leonie N. C. , van der Flier Wiesje M.
Published: February 2025

Background

We examined how patients evaluated the information provided during their diagnostic trajectory in a tertiary memory clinic.

Methods

Between February 2021 and June 2023, 802 patients of Alzheimer Center Amsterdam completed a questionnaire assessing satisfaction with the amount and perceived helpfulness of information (1–4 point Likert scale), wish for more/less information (yes/no), and which information was missed/redundant (open‐ended). We tested effects of age, sex, education, syndrome‐ and etiological diagnosis, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and time since diagnostic trajectory.

Results

Patients were satisfied with the amount (3.1 ± 0.8) and helpfulness (3.1 ± 0.9) of information. Satisfaction was highest among those who recently underwent the diagnostic trajectory (decline over time p < 0.001). One quarter (214/802 [27%]) wished for more information, particularly those with higher MMSE scores (p = 0.01), mainly concerning specific test results and prognosis. Few (18/802 [2%]) preferred less information.

Discussion

Our results highlight the importance of providing sufficient and tailored information, as well as recurrently checking information needs over time.
Efficient expression of recombinant proteins in Bacillus subtilis using a rewired gene circuit of quorum sensing
Authors: Hao Wenliang , Yang Shihao , Sheng Yuou , Ye Chengfeng , Han Laichuang , Zhou Zhemin , Cui Wenjing
Published: February 2025

Bacillus subtilis is a favored chassis for high productivity of several high value‐added product in synthetic biology. Efficient production of recombinant proteins is critical but challenging using this chassis because these expression systems in use, such as constitutive and inducible expression systems, demand for coordination of cell growth with production and addition of chemical inducers. These systems compete for intracellular resources with the host, eventually resulting in dysfunction of cell survival. To overcome the problem, in this study, LuxRI quorum sensing (QS) system from Aliivibrio fischeri was functionally reconstituted in B. subtilis for achieving coordinated protein overproduction with cell growth in a cell‐density‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the output‐controlling promoter, PluxI, was engineered through two rounds of evolution, by which we identified four mutants, P22, P47, P56, and P58 that exhibited elevated activity compared to the original PluxI. By incorporating a strong terminator (TB5) downstream of the target gene further enhanced expression level. The expression level of this system surpasses commonly used promoter‐based systems in B. subtilis like P43 and PylbP. The LuxRI QS system proves to be a potent platform for recombinant protein overproduction in B. subtilis.
Enhancing real‐time cell culture process monitoring through the integration of advanced machine learning techniques: A comparative analysis of Raman and capacitance spectroscopies
Authors: Xu Feng , Pinto Nuno , Zhou George , Ahuja Sanjeev
Published: February 2025

Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as an important tool improving the capabilities of online process monitoring and control in cell culture process for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. A variety of advanced ML algorithms have been evaluated in this study for cell growth monitoring using spectroscopic tools, including Raman and capacitance spectroscopies. While viable cell density can be monitored real‐time in the cell culture process, online monitoring of cell viability has not been well established. A thorough comparison between the advanced ML techniques and traditional linear regression method (e.g., Partial Least Square regression) reveals a significant improvement in accuracy with the leading ML algorithms (e.g., 31.7% with Random Forest regressor), addressing the unmet need of continuous monitoring viability in a real time fashion. Both Raman and capacitance spectroscopies have demonstrated success in viability monitoring, with Raman exhibiting superior accuracy compared to capacitance. In addition, the developed methods have shown better accuracy in a relatively higher viability range (>90%), suggesting a great potential for early fault detection during cell culture manufacturing. Further study using ML techniques for VCD monitoring also showed an increased accuracy (27.3% with Raman spectroscopy) compared to traditional linear modeling. The successful integration of ML techniques not only amplifies the potential of process monitoring but also makes possible the development of advanced process control strategies for optimized operations and maximized efficiency.
Beyond the Classroom: Understanding the Evolution of Educational Data Mining With Key Route Main Path Analysis
Authors: Amriza Rona Nisa Sofia , Chou Tzu‐Chuan , Ratnasari Wiwit
Published: February 2025

Educational data mining (EDM) enhances the educational system by uncovering hidden patterns of academic data. The discipline of EDM has grown rapidly and produced numerous publications, leading to knowledge dissemination among researchers. This research aims to understand the EDM field literature by examining the citation network of significant publications. This research utilizes a quantitative approach based on citation main path analysis (MPA) to analyze 1009 Web of Science (WoS) publications between 1988 and 2023. The study uncovers 22 significant publications that have shaped the knowledge diffusion trajectories of EDM. The research reveals that EDM has undergone three phases of evolution, each of which represents a substantial shift in the research focus: automated adaptation, leveraging human decision, and advanced predictive analytics. Unlike previous EDM reviews, this study applies a novel approach using multiple global MPA, uncovering five key sub‐research areas: student performance, early warning, learning behavior, transfer learning, and dropout. Notably, recent trends emphasize a growing focus on student performance. The primary contribution of this paper lies in its comprehensive mapping of EDM's developmental trajectory, offering an understanding of its diverse research trends. By elucidating these patterns and emerging areas, this study not only enriches the existing literature but also identifies unexplored topics that can guide future research directions, distinguishing itself from other EDM reviews by offering a more systematic and data‐driven analysis of the field's evolution.
Minimally Invasive Direct Approach for Severe Dental Fluorosis: Balancing Aesthetics and Quality of Life
Authors: Guyonvarch Rosa , Estivals Julia , Kérourédan Olivia
Published: February 2025

Dental fluorosis, a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during enamel formation, can significantly affect patients' quality of life due to aesthetic concerns. Depending on severity, treatment options range from bleaching or resin infiltration to more invasive techniques like veneers or crowns. In this article, a young patient with severe dental fluorosis underwent a stepwise, personalized and minimally invasive treatment including bleaching, micro‐ and macro‐abrasion, resin infiltration, composite resin layering and composite resin injection. The results highlight the positive impact on the patient's quality of life, as evidenced by the reduction in the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP‐14) score from 23 to 0, and the effectiveness of these conservative techniques in achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. This case report highlights that minimally invasive approaches can effectively restore dental aesthetics in severe fluorosis cases, significantly enhancing patients' quality of life—including psychological and social well‐being—while preserving tooth structure.
Moscatilin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response of Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy through suppressing the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappa‐B signaling pathways
Authors: Zhu Suhua , Zhang Man , Qu Zhen , Xu Shengqiu , Peng Jie , Jiang Fanjing
Published: February 2025

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as the main ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus, is a major eye disorder contributing to blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal Müller cells participate in the pathogenesis of DR. This work aims to study the biological role of moscatilin in the progression of DR and the underlying mechanism. High glucose (HG)‐stimulated mouse primary retinal Müller cells and high‐fat diet + streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DR mouse models were constructed as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. The effects of moscatilin treatment on oxidative stress and inflammation in HG‐stimulated Müller cells and DR mice were evaluated by detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species production, malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels through CM‐H2DCFDA staining, commercial kits, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Dual immunofluorescence staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin was used to evaluate the development of Müller cells in mouse retinas. The activity of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway was assessed through western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Moscatilin pretreatment prevented HG‐induced decrease in Müller cell viability. Moscatilin mitigated oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling in HG‐stimulated Müller cells and DR mice. Mechanically, moscatilin reduced the levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products, phosphorylated I‐kappa‐B‐alpha, p‐p65 NF‐κB, p‐p38 MAPK, and p‐JNK in both HG‐stimulated Müller cells and DR mice. Moscatilin plays an antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory role in DR by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/JNK and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
Enhanced Opto‐electric Properties of PVA‐CMC Blends with Cu2WS4@GNR Heterojunction for Advanced Applications
Authors: K M Mohan , B R Sagar , H S vedhavathi , N Kumara Swamy , Madhukar B S
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the enhancement of the opto‐electric properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) blend through the incorporation of different amounts of synthesized copper tungsten sulfide (CWS) nanoparticles and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) as nanofillers of 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0 wt/wt% by using eco‐ friendly solution casting method. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the synthesized nanoparticles and prepared polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) morphology, microcrystalline parameters, optical, electrical and dielectrical properties via Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐visible spectroscopy and LCR meter respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to understand molecular interactions of functional groups present in the synthesized NCs. The presence of CWS and GNR leads to a considerable enhancement in the intensity of the PL peak observed at around 425 and 470 nm. The UV‐visible spectra show the maximum absorption at 202.5 nm and at 363 nm due to the interaction between the functional group of polymers and nanofillers in UV region. The optical band gap declined from 2.77‐2.59 eV (direct) and 5.38‐4.19 eV (indirect) and the other optical properties enhanced by the addition of nanofiller. Furthermore, dielectric constant, loss, and AC conductivity, was systematically evaluated across various frequencies.
Evaluating the Effect of High‐Translucent Zirconia Thickness and Substrate Shade on the Final Color of the Restoration
Authors: Hatami Mahnaz , Jalali Elham , Kamran Mohamad Hossein Lotfi , Kazemi Alireza Danesh , Fathi Amirhossein
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high‐translucent zirconia thickness and substrate shade on the final color of the restoration.

Material and Methods

A total of 60 high‐translucent monolithic zirconia disks were prepared using a CAD/CAM system. They were placed on composite substrates with A2, A3.5, and C3 colors (n = 10). The color differences (ΔE) of the ceramic disks on the A3.5 and C3 substrate compared to the control group (A2) were calculated and compared with acceptable thresholds (ΔE = 5.5) and perceptible thresholds (ΔE = 2/6). A one‐sample t‐test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data statistically.

Results

The highest ΔE values were observed when comparing two zirconia disk thicknesses on the A3.2 substrate without cement (ΔE = 5/65). The lowest value of ΔE compared to the control group (A2) was related to the disk with 1 mm thickness on the A3.5 substrate (ΔE = 2/54), and the highest value was for the disk with 0.6 mm thickness on the C3 substrate (ΔE = 4/88).

Conclusions

Using the zirconia disk with a 1 mm thickness on the C3 structure and a disk with a 0.6 mm thickness on the A3.5 structure with the presence of F2 cement can achieve an acceptable color difference (value of 5.5).
Testing the Population‐Level Effects of Stress‐Induced Susceptibility in the Ranavirus–Wood Frog System
Authors: Brunner Jesse L. , Dahrouge Nicole C. , Crespi Erica J. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G.
Published: February 2025

Chronic exposure to physical, chemical, and biotic stressors can make animals more susceptible to infections. Such stress‐induced susceptibility is widely expected to make disease—and epidemics—more likely and more severe. However, whether the impacts of stressors on individuals scale up to population‐level outcomes is uncertain, both theoretically and empirically. We initiated ranavirus epidemics in replicate mesocosm populations of larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) exposed to conditions known to impact their individual susceptibility to ranavirus infections: low and high salinity crossed factorially with ambient or elevated temperatures. Contrary to expectations, epidemics were no more likely or more severe in stressful conditions, although increased temperatures did speed their progression. We discuss several potential reasons why the effects of stressors did not scale up to epidemics, but our results suggest caution in assuming the individual‐level effects of even well‐studied stressors necessarily scale simply to population‐level outcomes.
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Sn‐Beta Zeolite by Tuning Chemical Equilibrium of Fluoride Etching
Authors: Zhao Ruxing , Meng Qingrun , Wang Guanchao , Feng Xu , Shi Dongcheng
Published: February 2025

The Sn‐Beta zeolite is commonly known as a unique Lewis acid catalyst, however, usually suffers from the drawback of diffusion limitation within zeolitic micropores. To address these issues, the present work reports a facile fluoride etching approach for the synthesis of hierarchical Sn‐Beta zeolites by tuning chemical equilibrium of HF and NH4F mixed solutions. It was found that the etching of HF solution alone only extracts Sn species in the Sn‐Beta framework while adding NH4F into HF solution shifts the chemical equilibria to produce more reactive HF2− for Si, thereby achieving unbiases selective extraction of Si and Sn from *BEA framework. The obtained hierarchical Sn‐Beta zeolite possessed excellent catalytic activity in Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation of bulky 2‐adamantanone with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Structure‐performance relationship revealed that the Lewis acid site and the pore structure are two crucial factors determining the catalytic activity. The former was identified as a catalytic active center while the latter increase the accessibility to active sites in microporous Sn‐Beta zeolites by forming hierarchical porosity. Therefore, the sample obtained after optimizing the conditions of NH4F‐ HF mixed solutions presented a remarkably enhanced catalytic oxidation activity for bulky molecules.
Thermo‐Mechanical Analysis of Crack Propagation Process in Heterogeneous Brittle Coal and Its Effects on the UCG Cavity Growth Rate
Authors: Shahbazi Mohammadreza , Najafi Mehdi , Fatehi Marji Mohammad , Abdollahipour Abolfazl
Published: February 2025

The mechanism of cavity growth in a UCG process is mainly dependent on the presence of fractures and microcracks in the coal seam. In this study, the rate of cavity growth and the crack propagation mechanism in brittle coal samples under high thermal conditions are investigated using a two‐dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D). Coal samples with different cleats' orientation under thermal environments are numerically simulated. The numerical modeling results show that the induced thermal stress is one‐third of the coal sample failure stress. This is due to the increase in particles' volume, the change in normal force between the particles' bonds, and the changes in thermal and mechanical parameters resulting from the applied source temperature, which breaks the bond around the particle. The effects of heat and heterogeneity on the strength of coal samples are also studied under different temperatures ranging from 50°C to 900°C. The results showed that the presence of high‐strength coal seams reduces the formation and propagation of heat‐induced cracks, consequently reducing the cavity growth rate. The soft coal sample has more plasticity, and the cavity growth rate in the soft coal is more than that of the hard coal. The elasticity modulus and uniaxial compressive strength decrease with the increase of the source temperature and the sample begins to deform in a plastic mode. Also, increasing temperature causes an exponential increase in thermal stress. From the fracture mechanics point of view, knowing the conditions and the mechanism of pre‐existing crack propagation in the coal seam can lead to a correct understanding of cavity growth during the UCG process.
Effective Innovative Technologies and One Health Strategies in Mitigating Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut Oil: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yenew Chalachew , Mekonen Seblework , Ambelu Argaw , Yeshiwas Almaw Genet
Published: February 2025

Aflatoxin contamination in peanut oil poses significant health, agricultural, and environmental risks. This study assesses the effectiveness of advanced technologies and One Health strategies in mitigating these risks. Through systematic review and meta‐analysis, we evaluate the effectiveness of integrated approaches. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (September 2010–September 2024) on aflatoxin mitigation in peanut oil. We included studies involving agricultural, health, and environmental interventions, focusing on Aflasafe, ozonation, and One Health strategies. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to calculate pooled effect sizes. Our review of 30 studies, including five meta‐analyses, highlights that advanced mitigation methods like Aflasafe (90%, 95% CI: 85%–95%), Ozonation (85%, 95% CI: 70%–95%), and Biological Control (80%, 95% CI: 70%–90%) significantly reduce aflatoxin contamination in peanut oil. However, reduced efficacy was observed, with dexification found to be 58% (95% CI: 52%–64%) and a pooled effect size of 77% (95% CI: 67%–87%). One Health strategies also show substantial impact, with the highest effect size of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81–1.00) through Aflasafe training, followed by integrated agricultural, environmental, and health education (0.70, 95% CI: 0.58–0.82) and health‐sector risk awareness (0.68, 95% CI: 0.57–0.79), yielding a pooled effect size of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.80). This review highlights the effectiveness of advanced technologies and One Health strategies in reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanut oil. Combining Aflasafe, ozonation, and One Health approaches offers a promising strategy for both immediate control and sustainable management. Future research should prioritize cost‐effective technologies and community‐based interventions to enhance impact and scalability, especially in resource‐limited settings.
Analysis of Closed‐Loop Thermosyphon System Filled With Methanol for Different Adiabatic Lengths
Authors: Birajdar Mahasidha R. , Sewatkar C. M.
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the performance of a closed‐loop thermosyphon using methanol as the working fluid, which is especially relevant for low‐temperature applications where water's effectiveness is limited. It explores various operating parameters, like, heat input, adiabatic length, and filling ratio (FR), and how these factors impact thermal performance. The use of methanol, a fluid with a lower saturation temperature than water, makes it suitable for thermal management in low‐temperature environments. Several parameters were varied during tests, including the adiabatic lengths of 500 and 800 mm, heat inputs ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 kW and the amount of methanol filling (FR) varied from 0.3 to 0.7. The study focused on thermal performance metrics, such as thermal resistance (TR), evaporator and condenser heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), and thermal effectiveness. The key finding includes TR decreased with increasing heat input up to an FR of 0.6, after which it increased. For medium adiabatic length (500 mm), for heat inputs above 1 kW, the thermosyphon demonstrated the lowest TR. For lower FRs (around 0.3) and heat inputs of 1 kW, the evaporator HTC was optimal. A correlation for the evaporation HTC was suggested and validated with an accuracy of ± 30% compared with measured values. This analysis indicates that thermosyphons using methanol can be an efficient option for thermal management in low‐temperature scenarios. The paper likely aims to provide practical insights into optimizing such systems for various applications.
The Role of FinTech on the Relationship Between Ownership Structure and Dividend Payments
Authors: Akhtar Tahir
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and dividend payments (DP) and whether financial technology (FinTech) has an impact on this relationship. The study uses a panel sample of 278 Chinese financial firms during the period 2009–2022. The study applies regressions and finds that FinTech firms pay lower dividends, suggesting that these firms are holding onto the money to re‐invest for future growth. The results demonstrate that Institutional‐shareholding, and inside shareholding (Chairman‐shareholdings and Managerial‐shareholdings) increase DP in firms, while Largest‐ and Top_10 shareholdings decrease the DP. With the induction of FinTech, the Institutional‐shareholdings and inside shareholding decrease DP, so they utilise funds for future growth. Moreover, FinTech intensifies the negative impact of the Largest‐ and Top10‐shareholdings on DP. The results from the sub‐sample further support the findings. Several other economic parameters, such as the dynamic panel model, difference‐in‐differences and propensity score matching, and different dividend measures confirm the findings. The study contributes to other contentious findings found in the literature and offers helpful insights into the effects of innovation on prospective financial sector firms' ownership structure and DP, which seem to be impacted by FinTech.
Poverty and yield effects of CGIAR maize varieties in smallholder farming systems of Zambia
Authors: Ngoma Hambulo , Setimela Peter , Silva João Vasco , Krishna Vijesh V.
Published: February 2025

Improved germplasm is a recognized adaptation strategy to climate change. We assessed the adoption, and impacts of CGIAR maize varieties on livelihoods in Zambia using fixed effects regression and a difference‐in‐differences framework. Three‐waves of nationally representative panel data indicate that 24% of smallholders used CGIAR germplasm on about 225,000 hectares in 2019. Relative to other non‐CGIAR maize varieties, the use of CGIAR maize varieties was associated with 26–35% yield increase, and 2–10% reduction in the depth of poverty on average. Thus, while improved varieties can increase crop productivity effectively, they are not substitutes for broad‐based poverty reduction strategies.
Toward design of novel materials for lithium‐ion batteries: Aluminium nanoparticle‐assisted seaweed‐based separator
Authors: Mugobera Sharon , Lee Kyuchul , Jung Jihyuk , Cho Inho , Ko Jang Myoun , Lee Kwang Se
Published: February 2025

Separators are a crucial component and play a pivotal role in battery performance and safety. In this study, a cellulose nanofibril separator was prepared from red algae. The generated nanosized cellulose fibrils were used in the preparation of the separator. The produced separator was analyzed for electrochemical performance, thermal stability, and morphology in comparison to the commercial polyethylene (PE) separator. The obtained densely linked nanoporous separator exhibited a capacity retention of 80% over 600 cycles. It had very good wettability and ionic conductivity results due to its excellent hydrophilic nature enhanced by the presence of the hydroxyl groups. The excellent physical properties of the aluminium nanoparticle‐assisted seaweed‐based separator (ASS) due to the presence of Al2O3, aided in its resilience to heat and maintained its dimensions. It exhibited greater electrochemical performance compared to the commercial PE. At 2C the discharge specific capacity was at 83 mAh/g for ASS and PE 77 mAh/g. However, the separators both exhibited comparable results at low C‐rates. This study offers an achievable option for the production of an effective seaweed‐based separator for use in lithium‐ion batteries exceptional physical properties.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Fruquintinib, a Selective Oral Inhibitor of VEGFR ‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Yang Xiaoyan , Grinshpun Boris , Taylor Adekemi , Strong Laura , Dasari Arvind , Wang‐Gillam Andrea , Li Jin , Xu Rui‐Hua , Gupta Neeraj , Chien Caly
Published: February 2025

Fruquintinib is a selective, oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of all three vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, which is approved for patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer regardless of biomarker status. This population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis characterized sources of interpatient variability on the PK of fruquintinib and its major metabolite M11 using data from 557 subjects who received fruquintinib in five phase I/Ib studies and the FRESCO‐2 phase III study. The integrated model was a one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption, lag time in absorption, and linear elimination for fruquintinib and a one‐compartment model with linear elimination for M11. The half‐life of fruquintinib and M11 were estimated to be 43.2 and 54 h, respectively. Fruquintinib PK demonstrated dose proportionality. Fruquintinib oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) increased with increasing body weight. Fruquintinib absorption rate constant was 60.7% lower with concurrent use of proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs), and fruquintinib V/F was 9.08% lower in healthy subjects versus patients with cancer. Magnitudes of the covariate effects of body weight, concurrent use of PPIs, and health status on fruquintinib exposures were estimated to be <20%, which is not considered clinically meaningful. Age (18.0‐82.0 years), sex, race (Asian, Black, and White), ethnicity (Hispanic vs non‐Hispanic), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, tumor type, mild or moderate renal impairment, and mild hepatic impairment had no clinically meaningful impact on fruquintinib or M11 PK. This analysis supports the same fruquintinib starting dosage, without need for adjustments, for these patient‐specific factors.
High‐dose vitamin D supplementation in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia hospitalized in a polyvalent intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vasconcelos Mafalda , Rodrigues Bárbara Sucena , Gonçalves Ana
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

The health benefits of vitamin D are far beyond bone mineral metabolism. Vitamin D has immunomodulator and anti‐inflammatory properties and its role in critically ill patients is controversial. The purpose of the study is to understand whether high doses of vitamin D supplementation are beneficial in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia hospitalized in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU) and correlate to all‐cause mortality, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospitalization.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at a single polyvalent ICU, comparing patients supplemented with vitamin D with nonsupplemented patients. Eligible participants were adults with SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia admitted in this unit between April 14, 2020, and October 31, 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and disease‐related outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of need for invasive mechanical ventilation or duration of hospitalization. Supplementation with vitamin D was associated with lower all‐cause ICU, intrahospital, and total mortality.

Conclusion

High‐dose vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduction of mortality in patients with severe SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the optimal dosage of supplementation.
Investigating conservation performance payments alongside human–wildlife conflicts: The Swedish lynx and wolverine protection policies
Authors: Kaiser Josef , Hahn Thomas , Krueger Tobias , Haase Dagmar
Published: February 2025

Conservation performance payments are becoming an increasingly popular instrument to tackle human–wildlife conflicts. In Sweden, Sámi communities practicing reindeer husbandry receive performance payments as compensation for reindeer losses caused by lynxes and wolverines. This study examines the challenges and conflicts associated with the Conservation Performance payment scheme and aims to understand its effectiveness.

We carried out a thematic analysis of challenges and conflicts using semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders associated with the payment scheme as the main source of evidence, supported by literature identified in a systematic review.

The results reveal a wicked conflict setting with a broad range of direct and indirect conflicts. Direct conflicts revolve around the following themes: (1) Uncertainty and mistrust regarding the annual number of lynx and wolverine family groups and the extent of reindeer losses caused by these predators; (2) Payments being too small to cover losses; (3) Large numbers of reindeer lost to predators in many communities and the related hunting regulations. Indirect conflicts are linked to cumulative effects, such as the negative effects of forestry and mining projects on reindeer husbandry, a lack of comprehensive environmental policies, and the perceived lack of respect for reindeer herding as a culturally significant livelihood.

We argue that conflicts regarding uncertainties in predator and reindeer loss numbers in particular rather mask broader underlying conflicts.

Policy implications: We suggest that high predator‐caused reindeer losses in combination with indirect conflicts hampers the successful implementation of the program. Nevertheless, all interviewees appreciated the basic design of the program and its potential. However, realizing this potential requires acknowledging the wickedness of human–wildlife conflicts and adequately addressing long‐standing ecological and socio‐cultural root conflicts by developing comprehensive, cross‐sectoral, and inclusive conservation policies.

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