bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural basis of substrate recognition and translocation by human ABCA4
Authors: Xie Tian , Zhang Zike , Fang Qi , Du Bowen , Gong Xin
Published: June 2021

Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily A (ABCA) transporters mediate the transport of various lipid compounds across the membrane. Mutations in human ABCA transporters have been described to cause severe hereditary disorders associated with impaired lipid transport. However, little is known about the mechanistic details of substrate recognition and translocation by ABCA transporters. Here, we present three cryo-EM structures of human ABCA4, a retina-specific ABCA transporter, in distinct functional states at resolutions of 3.3–3.4 Å. In the nucleotide-free state, the two transmembrane domains (TMDs) exhibit a lateral-opening conformation, allowing the lateral entry of substrate from the lipid bilayer. The N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (NRPE), the physiological lipid substrate of ABCA4, is sandwiched between the two TMDs in the luminal leaflet and is further stabilized by an extended loop from extracellular domain 1. In the ATP-bound state, the two TMDs display a closed conformation, which precludes the substrate binding. Our study provides a molecular basis to understand the mechanism of ABCA4-mediated NRPE recognition and translocation, and suggests a common ‘lateral access and extrusion’ mechanism for ABCA-mediated lipid transport.
UPF1 promotes the formation of R loops to stimulate DNA double-strand break repair
Authors: Ngo Greg H. P. , Grimstead Julia W. , Baird Duncan M.
Published: June 2021

DNA-RNA hybrid structures have been detected at the vicinity of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurring within transcriptional active regions of the genome. The induction of DNA-RNA hybrids strongly affects the repair of these DSBs, but the nature of these structures and how they are formed remain poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that R loops, three-stranded structures containing DNA-RNA hybrids and the displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) can form at sub-telomeric DSBs. These R loops are generated independently of DNA resection but are induced alongside two-stranded DNA-RNA hybrids that form on ssDNA generated by DNA resection. We further identified UPF1, an RNA/DNA helicase, as a crucial factor that drives the formation of these R loops and DNA-RNA hybrids to stimulate DNA resection, homologous recombination, microhomology-mediated end joining and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Our data show that R loops and DNA-RNA hybrids are actively generated at DSBs to facilitate DNA repair.
Quantum repeaters based on concatenated bosonic and discrete-variable quantum codes
Authors: Rozpędek Filip , Noh Kyungjoo , Xu Qian , Guha Saikat , Jiang Liang
Published: June 2021

We propose an architecture of quantum-error-correction-based quantum repeaters that combines techniques used in discrete- and continuous-variable quantum information. Specifically, we propose to encode the transmitted qubits in a concatenated code consisting of two levels. On the first level we use a continuous-variable GKP code encoding the qubit in a single bosonic mode. On the second level we use a small discrete-variable code. Such an architecture has two important features. Firstly, errors on each of the two levels are corrected in repeaters of two different types. This enables for achieving performance needed in practical scenarios with a reduced cost with respect to an architecture for which all repeaters are the same. Secondly, the use of continuous-variable GKP code on the lower level generates additional analog information which enhances the error-correcting capabilities of the second-level code such that long-distance communication becomes possible with encodings consisting of only four or seven optical modes.
Native mass spectrometry analyses of chaperonin complex TRiC/CCT reveal subunit N-terminal processing and re-association patterns
Authors: Collier Miranda P. , Moreira Karen Betancourt , Li Kathy H. , Chen Yu-Chan , Itzhak Daniel , Samant Rahul , Leitner Alexander , Burlingame Alma , Frydman Judith
Published: June 2021

The eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT is a large ATP-dependent complex essential for cellular protein folding. Its subunit arrangement into two stacked eight-membered hetero-oligomeric rings is conserved from yeast to man. A recent breakthrough enables production of functional human TRiC (hTRiC) from insect cells. Here, we apply a suite of mass spectrometry techniques to characterize recombinant hTRiC. We find all subunits CCT1-8 are N-terminally processed by combinations of methionine excision and acetylation observed in native human TRiC. Dissociation by organic solvents yields primarily monomeric subunits with a small population of CCT dimers. Notably, some dimers feature non-canonical inter-subunit contacts absent in the initial hTRiC. This indicates individual CCT monomers can promiscuously re-assemble into dimers, and lack the information to assume the specific interface pairings in the holocomplex. CCT5 is consistently the most stable subunit and engages in the greatest number of non-canonical dimer pairings. These findings confirm physiologically relevant post-translational processing and function of recombinant hTRiC and offer quantitative insight into the relative stabilities of TRiC subunits and interfaces, a key step toward reconstructing its assembly mechanism. Our results also highlight the importance of assigning contacts identified by native mass spectrometry after solution dissociation as canonical or non-canonical when investigating multimeric assemblies.
Anthrax toxin translocation complex reveals insight into the lethal factor unfolding and refolding mechanism
Authors: Machen Alexandra J. , Fisher Mark T. , Freudenthal Bret D.
Published: June 2021

Translocation is essential to the anthrax toxin mechanism. Protective antigen (PA), the binding component of this AB toxin, forms an oligomeric pore that translocates lethal factor (LF) or edema factor, the active components of the toxin, into the cell. Structural details of the translocation process have remained elusive despite their biological importance. To overcome the technical challenges of studying translocation intermediates, we developed a method to immobilize, transition, and stabilize anthrax toxin to mimic important physiological steps in the intoxication process. Here, we report a cryoEM snapshot of PApore translocating the N-terminal domain of LF (LFN). The resulting 3.3 Å structure of the complex shows density of partially unfolded LFN near the canonical PApore binding site. Interestingly, we also observe density consistent with an α helix emerging from the 100 Å β barrel channel suggesting LF secondary structural elements begin to refold in the pore channel. We conclude the anthrax toxin β barrel aids in efficient folding of its enzymatic payload prior to channel exit. Our hypothesized refolding mechanism has broader implications for pore length of other protein translocating toxins.
Establishment of liver tumor cell lines from atherogenic and high fat diet fed hepatitis C virus transgenic mice
Authors: Shirasaki Takayoshi , Murai Kazuhisa , Honda Masao , Okada Hikari , Innami Yuika , Yamada Atsumu , Shimakami Tetsuro , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Yamashita Taro , Sakai Yoshio , Kaneko Shuichi
Published: June 2021

A syngeneic mouse model bearing a transplanted tumor is indispensable for the evaluation of the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, few syngeneic mouse models of liver cancer are available. We established liver tumor cell lines (MHCF1 and MHCF5) from hepatitis C virus transgenic mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet. MHCF1 and MHCF5 were successfully transplanted into the subcutaneous space of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, in addition, they efficiently developed orthotopic tumors in the liver of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. MHCF5 grew rapidly and showed a more malignant phenotype compared with MHCF1. Histologically, MHCF1-derived tumors were a combined type of hepatocellular carcinoma and MHCF5-derived tumors showed a sarcomatous morphology. Interestingly, MHCF1 and MHCF5 showed different sensitivity against an anti-PD1 antibody and MHCF5-derived tumors were resistant to this antibody. CD8 T cells infiltrated the MHCF1-derived tumors, but no CD8 T cells were found within the MHCF5-derived tumors. Gene expression profiling and whole-exon sequencing revealed that MHCF5 displayed the features of an activated cancer stem cell-like signature of sonic hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Therefore, these cell lines could be useful for the identification of new biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of ICI resistance and the development of new drugs against liver cancer.
Low body mass is associated with reduced left ventricular mass in Chinese elderly with severe COPD
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Gang , Laukkanen Jari A. , Liu Cheng , Song Xing , Zhu Yuqi
Published: June 2021

There is limited information on the association of body mass index (BMI) with left ventricular (LV) remodeling corresponding to severity of reduced lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, we investigated whether BMI is associated with cardiac atrial and ventricular dimensions according to severity of lung functional impairment in Chinese COPD elderly. A total of 563 hospitalized COPD patients with lung function impairment and 184 patients with non-COPD (aged 65–92 years) were collected retrospectively in a cross-sectional study in a university affiliated tertiary hospital in China. BMI and cardiac echocardiographic parameters were compared according to severity of lung functional impairment in COPD patients. BMI was 22.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2 in COPD patients, 24.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2 in non-COPD patients respectively. Reduced BMI, LV mass index, LV wall thickness and left atrial diameter, and dilated right ventricle (RV) existed in COPD patients with severe lung dysfunction as compared the COPD patients with mild to moderate lung functional reduction and non-COPD patients (P < 0.05), while there were no differences in BMI and echocardiographic parameters between the COPD patients with mild to moderate lung functional decline and non-COPD patients (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was correlated with reduced LV mass and wall thickness, dilated RV and reduced lung function in the COPD patients with severe lung dysfunction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that lower BMI is associated not only with dilated RV and impaired pulmonary function, but also it is related to reduced LV mass in Asian COPD elderly with severe lung dysfunction.
Large scale production of indole-3-acetic acid and evaluation of the inhibitory effect of indole-3-acetic acid on weed growth
Authors: Bunsangiam Sakaoduoen , Thongpae Nutnaree , Limtong Savitree , Srisuk Nantana
Published: June 2021

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and regulates various plant growth processes. The present study investigated IAA production by the basidiomycetous yeastRhodosporidiobolus fluvialisDMKU-CP293 using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and response surface methodology (RSM). IAA production was optimized in shake-flask culture using a cost-effective medium containing 4.5% crude glycerol, 2% CSL and 0.55% feed-gradel-tryptophan. The optimized medium resulted in a 3.3-fold improvement in IAA production and a 3.6-fold reduction in cost compared with those obtained with a non-optimized medium. Production was then scaled up to a 15-L bioreactor and to a pilot-scale (100-L) bioreactor based on the constant impeller tip speed (Vtip) strategy. By doing so, IAA was successfully produced at a concentration of 3569.32 mg/L at the pilot scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pilot-scale IAA production by microorganisms. In addition, we evaluated the effect of crude IAA on weed growth. The results showed that weed (Cyperus rotundusL.) growth could be inhibited by 50 mg/L of crude IAA. IAA therefore has the potential to be developed as a herbicidal bioproduct to replace the chemical herbicides that have been banned in various countries, including Thailand.
Prediagnostic circulating metabolites in female breast cancer cases with low and high mammographic breast density
Authors: Bendinelli Benedetta , Vignoli Alessia , Palli Domenico , Assedi Melania , Ambrogetti Daniela , Luchinat Claudio , Caini Saverio , Saieva Calogero , Turano Paola , Masala Giovanna
Published: June 2021

Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC). We designed a matched case–case study in the EPIC Florence cohort, to evaluate possible associations between the pre-diagnostic metabolomic profile and the risk of BC in high- versus low-MBD women who developed BC during the follow-up. A case–case design with 100 low-MBD (MBD ≤ 25%) and 100 high-MDB BC cases (MBD > 50%) was performed. Matching variables included age, year and type of mammographic examination.1H NMR metabolomic spectra were available for 87 complete case–case sets. The conditional logistic analyses showed an inverse association between serum levels of alanine, leucine, tyrosine, valine, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, triglycerides lipid main fraction and 11 VLDL lipid subfractions and high-MBD cases. Acetic acid was directly associated with high-MBD cases. In models adjusted for confounding variables, tyrosine remained inversely associated with high-MBD cases while 3 VLDL subfractions of free cholesterol emerged as directly associated with high-MBD cases. A pathway analysis showed that the “phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathway” emerged and persisted after applying the FDR procedure. The supervised OPLS-DA analysis revealed a slight but significant separation between high- and low-MBD cases. This case–case study suggested a possible role for pre-diagnostic levels of tyrosine in modulating the risk of BC in high- versus low-MBD women. Moreover, some differences emerged in the pre-diagnostic concentration of other metabolites as well in the metabolomic fingerprints among the two groups of patients.
Design and fabrication of a semi-transparent solar cell considering the effect of the layer thickness of MoO3/Ag/MoO3 transparent top contact on optical and electrical properties
Authors: Çetinkaya Çağlar , Çokduygulular Erman , Kınacı Barış , Güzelçimen Feyza , Özen Yunus , Efkere Halil İbrahim , Candan İdris , Emik Serkan , Özçelik Süleyman
Published: June 2021

We conducted the present study to design and manufacture a semi-transparent organic solar cell (ST-OSC). First, we formed a transparent top contact as MoO3/Ag/MoO3 in a dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) structure. We performed the production of an FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag/MoO3 ST-OSC by integrating MoO3/Ag/MoO3 (10/$$d_{m}$$

d
m

/$$d_{{od}}$$

d

od

nm) instead of an Ag electrode in an opaque FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag (–/40/130/10/100 nm) OSC, after theoretically achieving optimal values of optical and electrical parameters depending on Ag layer thickness. The transparency decreased with the increase of $$d_{m}$$

d
m

values for current DMD. Meanwhile, maximum transmittance and average visible transmittance (AVT) indicated the maximum values of over 92% for $$d_{m} ~$$

d
m

 = 4 and 8 nm, respectively. For ST-OSCs, the absorption and reflectance increased in the visible region by a wavelength of longer than 560 nm and in the whole near-infrared region by increasing $$d_{m}$$

d
m

up to 16 nm. Moreover, in the CIE chromaticity diagram, we reported a shift towards the D65 Planckian locus for colour coordinates of current ST-OSCs. Electrical analysis indicated the photogenerated current density and AVT values for $$d_{m} = 6$$

d
m

=
6

 nm as 63.30 mA/cm2 and 38.52%, respectively. Thus, the theoretical and experimental comparison of optical and electrical characteristics confirmed that the manufactured structure is potentially conducive for a high-performance ST-OSC.
Thermal remote sensing reveals communication between volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group
Authors: Coppola Diego , Laiolo Marco , Massimetti Francesco , Hainzl Sebastian , Shevchenko Alina V. , Mania René , Shapiro Nikolai M. , Walter Thomas R.
Published: June 2021

Volcanoes are traditionally considered isolated with an activity that is mostly independent of the surrounding, with few eruptions only (< 2%) associated with a tectonic earthquake trigger. Evidence is now increasing that volcanoes forming clusters of eruptive centers may simultaneously erupt, show unrest, or even shut-down activity. Using infrared satellite data, we detail 20 years of eruptive activity (2000–2020) at Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Tolbachik, the three active volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group (KVG), Kamchatka. We show that the neighboring volcanoes exhibit multiple and reciprocal interactions on different timescales that unravel the magmatic system’s complexity below the KVG. Klyuchevskoy and Bezymianny volcanoes show correlated activity with time-predictable and quasiperiodic behaviors, respectively. This is consistent with magma accumulation and discharge dynamics at both volcanoes, typical of steady-state volcanism. However, Tolbachik volcano can interrupt this steady-state regime and modify the magma output rate of its neighbors for several years. We suggest that below the KVG the transfer of magma at crustal level is modulated by the presence of three distinct but hydraulically connected plumbing systems. Similar complex interactions may occur at other volcanic groups and must be considered to evaluate the hazard of grouped volcanoes.
A covalent organic framework-based nanoagent for H2S-activable phototherapy against colon cancer
Authors: Feng Jie , Ren Wen-Xiu , Kong Fei , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: June 2021

We report a Cu(ii)-porphyrin-derived COF which can be a H2S triggered nanoagent to achieve collaborative PDT and PTT against colon cancer.
Metal–organic framework-based micropipette is a metal ion responsive nanochannel after adsorbing H2S
Authors: Tan Shiyi , Liang Chenglong , Zhu Yue , Liu Nannan , Zhang Jinzheng , Ye Tingyan , Yi Kangyan , Tang Xingxing , Shi Qian
Published: June 2021

Metal–organic framework-based micropipette is a metal ion responsive nanochannel after absorbing H2S.
The synthesis and multicolor luminescence of lanthanide doped Vernier lutetium oxyfluorides
Authors: Sang Bin , Chen Jin , Hou Jinle , Pan Yanxia , Qu Konggang , Wang Litong , Li Rui-Qing
Published: June 2021

We report a facile hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment for synthesizing monodispersed V-LuOF nanorods through which multicolor emissions are achieved in V-LuOF:Tb3+,xEu3+.
A ratiometric fluorescence assay for bleomycin based on Cu2+-triggered cascade reactions and nanoparticle-mediated autocatalytic reactions
Authors: Guo Fujin , Xia Meng , Sun Jing , Zhu Shuyun
Published: June 2021

A new and facile method has been proposed for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of BLM based on the Cu2+-induced formation of two fluorescent probes (DFQ and DAP) with OPD as the precursor coupled with nanoparticle-mediated autocatalytic reactions.
Improved biorefinery pathways of marine diatoms using a water miscible ionic liquid and its colloidal solution: efficient lipid extraction and in situ synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots for bio-imaging applications
Authors: Krishna Paidi Murali , Polisetti Veerababu , Damarla Krishnaiah , Mandal Subir Kumar , Kumar Arvind
Published: June 2021

In this study, a water-miscible ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method.
Electrocatalytic carboxylation of halogenated compounds with mesoporous silver electrode materials
Authors: Shan Si-Li , Jiang Cheng-Jie , Liu Yu-Ting , Zhang Jing-Jie , Wang Huan , Lu Jia-Xing
Published: June 2021

Mesoporous silver materials are used as electrocatalysts for halogenated compounds and exhibit high performance in electrocatalytic carboxylation of halogenated compounds to carboxylic acid (78%).
Development of a fluorescent immunochromatographic assay based on quantum dots for the detection of fleroxacin
Authors: Yang Qingbao , Qi Yanhua , Zhou Jingming , Chen Yumei , Liang Chao , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Aiping
Published: June 2021

(1) Water-soluble CdSe/ZnS QDs and an anti-FLE monoclonal antibody were used to prepare a fluorescent probe. (2) Primary rapid detection of FLE residues with visual fluorescent detection method.
Effect of lignin-blocking agent on enzyme hydrolysis of acid pretreated hemp waste
Authors: Kim Daehwan , Yoo Chang Geun , Schwarz Jurgen , Dhekney Sadanand , Kozak Robert , Laufer Craig , Ferrier Drew , Mackay Skylar , Ashcraft Madyson , Williams Richard , Kim Sinyeon
Published: June 2021

Enzymatic hydrolysis of acid pretreated hemp wastes is evaluated for its chemical composition, structural change, and sugar recovery. Addition of BSA enhances the cellulose conversion by avoiding non-productive binding between enzymes and inhibitors.
Molecular design of efficient yellow- to red-emissive alkynylgold(iii) complexes for the realization of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and their applications in solution-processed organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Au-Yeung Cathay Chai , Li Lok-Kwan , Tang Man-Chung , Lai Shiu-Lun , Cheung Wai-Lung , Ng Maggie , Chan Mei-Yee , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: June 2021

We report the design of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which shows tunable emission colors spanning yellow to red region and exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties.
A universal strategy towards 3D printable nanomaterial inks for superior cellular high-loading battery electrodes
Authors: Tian Xiaocong , Wang Teng , Ma Hui , Tang Kang , Hou Shuen , Jin Hongyun , Cao Guozhong
Published: June 2021

A universal strategy towards 3D printable nanomaterial inks is reported for cellular batteries, where superior electrochemical performance is demonstrated with high mass loading.
Sunlight-activated long persistent luminescence in the ultraviolet-B spectral region from Bi3+-doped garnet phosphors for covert optical tagging
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Liang Yanjie , Yan Shao , Chen Dongxun , Miao Shihai , Wang Weili , Bi Jianqiang
Published: June 2021

A series of Bi3+-doped garnet-based UVB persistent phosphors have been developed, which can be conveniently charged by either a standard 254 nm lamp or natural sunlight, producing persistent UVB light emission peaking at 313 nm.
The Mandarin Voice Handicap Index for Laryngectomees With Pneumatic Artificial Laryngeal and Esophageal Speech
Authors: Wang Chen-Chi , Liao Jia-Shiou , Lai Hsiu-Chin , Lo Yi-Hsuan
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire assesses the impact of total laryngectomy on voice-related quality of life. This study evaluates the Mandarin VHI, including its internal consistency, test–retest reliability, content validity, and differences in scores for Mandarin alaryngeal patients with pneumatic artificial laryngeal (PA) and esophageal (ES) speech.

Method

Translation and validation of the VHI questionnaire was performed through the forward–backward translation technique. This study used a sample of 78 PA and 23 ES participants from Taiwan who completed the Mandarin VHI. Forty-two of the alaryngeal participants completed the Mandarin VHI twice over a period of 7–63 days.

Results

The measurement of the internal consistency of the Mandarin VHI showed a high Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score (.975) and the functional (.930), physical (.939), and emotional (.938) subscales. Based on the results of the intraclass correlation coefficients, good test–retest reliability for the total and domain scores was found (intraclass correlation coefficient = .827–.863).

Conclusion

The Mandarin VHI was validated as an instrument with proper internal consistency and reliability, which supports the Mandarin VHI as a valid instrument for the self-evaluation of handicaps related to voice problems in PA and ES speakers.
Infants' Preference for Child-Directed Speech Over Time-Reversed Speech in On-Channel and Off-Channel Masking
Authors: Segal Osnat , Kligler Nitzan , Kishon-Rabin Liat
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the development of auditory selective attention to speech in noise by examining the ability of infants to prefer child-directed speech (CDS) over time-reversed speech (TRS) presented in “on-channel” and “off-channel” noise.

Method

A total of 32 infants participated in the study. Sixteen typically developing infants were tested at 7 and 11 months of age using the central fixation procedure with CDS and TRS in two types of noise at +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. One type of noise was an “on-channel” masker with a spectrum overlapping that of the CDS (energetic masking), and the second was an “off-channel” masker with frequencies that were outside the spectrum of the CDS (distractive masking). An additional group of sixteen 11-month-old infants were tested in quiet and served as controls for the “off-frequency” masker condition.

Results

Infants preferred CDS over TRS in both age groups, but this preference was more pronounced with “off-channel” masker regardless of age. Also, older infants demonstrated longer looking time for the target stimuli when presented with an “off-channel” masker compared to the “on-channel” masker. Looking time in quiet was similar to looking time in the “off-channel” condition, and looking time for CDS was longer in quiet compared to the “on-channel” condition.

Conclusions

These findings support the notion that (a) infants as young as 7 months of age are already showing preference for speech in noise, regardless of type of masker; (b) by 11 months of age, listening with the “off-channel” condition did not yield different results than in quiet. Thus, by 11 months of age, infants' cognitive–attentional abilities may be more developed.
Audiovisual English /r/−/l/ Identification Training for Japanese-Speaking Adults and Children
Authors: Shinohara Yasuaki
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study tested the hypothesis that audiovisual training benefits children more than it does adults and that it improves Japanese-speaking children's English /r/−/l/ perception to a native-like level.

Method

Ten sessions of audiovisual English /r/−/l/ identification training were conducted for Japanese-speaking adults and children. Assessments were made of age effects on the increase in identification accuracy in three testing conditions (audiovisual, visual only, and audio only) and auditory discrimination of the primary acoustic cue (F3 frequency).

Results

The results showed that both adults and children increased their identification accuracy in the audiovisual condition more than in the single-modality conditions (visual only and audio only). Their improvement in the visual-only condition was larger than that in the audio-only condition. Japanese-speaking adults and children improved their primary acoustic cue (F3) sensitivity to a similar extent. In addition, their identification improvement in the audiovisual condition was positively correlated with those in the audio-only and visual-only conditions. The improvement in the audio-only condition was also positively correlated with that in the visual-only condition and with primary acoustic cue sensitivity.

Conclusion

It was unclear whether children had an advantage over adults in improving their identification accuracy, but both age groups improved their auditory and visual perception of the English /r/−/l/ contrast and showed additive effects in the multisensory (i.e., audiovisual) condition.
Analysis of infection with fungi of the genus Fusarium seed and vegetative organs of crops
Authors: Ryabova Natalya , Tupolskikh Tatiana , Serdyuk Valentins , Gordeeva Nadezhda
Published: June 2021

Studying the specific and intraspecific structure of populations of causative agents of Fusarium ear of grain crops. The results of experimental studies of samples of grain crops affected by microscopic fungi p.Fusarium. The analysis of the infection of grains, stems and roots of various types of cereals with mitospores fungi was carried out. The variability of pathogenic properties of Fusarium fungi depending on the part of the ear is shown. The results of the research are important for the targeted diagnosis of fusarium of grain crops and plants of the ear.
Productivity of oil flax varieties in the conditions of northern forest steppe of Tyumen region
Authors: Pershakov Anatoly , Belkina Raisa , Suleimenova Aigera , Loskomoynikov Ivan
Published: June 2021

Objective of the research: to study the influence of the norms of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of seeds of oil flax varieties in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in 2019-2020. The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, thin, heavy loamy. Experimental options included: control, without fertilizers; NPK based on seed yield 2 t/ha; NPK based on seed yield of 3 t/ha. Increases in yield from the use of fertilizers in the studied varieties August and Sokol were obtained in 2019, the growing season of which was characterized by the amount of precipitation close to the long-term level. In 2020, when there was a shortage of precipitation, only the Sokol variety showed a positive reaction to fertilizers. Under the influence of fertilizers, the seed oil content of the August variety decreased, while the Sokol variety was at the same level in all variants.
Features of the growth and development of young pigs of various breeding
Authors: Tretyakova Olga , Degtyar Anna , Avdeyev Alexander , Ovchinnikov Dmitry , Morozyuk Irina
Published: June 2021

The indicators of growth and development, fattening and meat qualities of pigs of the breeding center “Lozovoe” CJSC “Plemzavod-Yubileyny” of the Tyumen region were evaluated. The indicators that characterize the growth and development of young animals were taken into account: live weight, age, average daily growth. When the live weight of 100 kg was reached, an ultrasound device was used to evaluate the thickness of bacon, the depth of muscles and the yield of lean meat, which are in the database of breeding records for 2011-2020. To characterize the meat qualities, 1144 Landrace piglets were slaughtered, 275 - large white breed, 129 - Pietren breed, 339 hybrids (LxKB), 159 hybrids (LxD), 460 hybrids obtained from boars of foreign selection. A comparative analysis of commercial hybrids of various variants of crossing pigs of domestic and foreign selection is carried out. Processing of the research results was carried out in the laboratory of Molecular diagnostics and Biotechnology of the Don State Agrarian University. The influence of the breed is established.
Impact of a mutation causing a deficiency of clotting factor on the incidence, productivity and reproduction of cows
Authors: Kovalyuk Natalia , Basova Natalia , Staroselov Mikhail , Yakusheva Ludmila , Shakhnazarova Julia , Novikov Vitaly
Published: June 2021

As a result of the study, new knowledge was obtained for the first time about the effect of the FXI locus polymorphism on the quality of reproduction in dairy cattle, the degree of influence of the FXI polymorphism on the frequency of development of pathologies of the reproductive organs, their clinical manifestation in individuals - carriers of the anomaly and healthy animals was established. The influence of the FXI locus polymorphism on embryonic and postembryonic mortality, clinical condition and safety of newborn calves in comparison with individuals without a genetic defect was determined.
Influence of free choice of feed on the productive qualities of two-year-old carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in ponds
Authors: Panov Valeriy , Mustaev Sergey , Safonov Aleksandr , Safonova Stanislava , Zolotova Anastasia
Published: June 2021

The results of research on the effect of feed with different feeding values and organoleptic properties on the productivity of two-year-old carp are presented. Within the same pond, the joint use of demand feeders (feeds with different tastes) makes it possible for fish to choose one of them in response to well-developed chemoreception. Diets of different calories affect the quality of the resulting fish production at different feed consumption. The combination of two feed types within one pond provides fish food savings per gain, despite the higher total consumption. Two-year-old fish give preference to more high-energy fish food. At the same time, fish consume 1/3–1/4 of low-energy food, regardless of the feeding time. The mass of fish consuming only low-energy fish food is 1.7 and 2.6 times less than that of fish consuming only high-energy fish food and fish simultaneously consuming these two foods, respectively. Combined feeding contributes to an increase in the relative muscle mass, primarily in comparison with fish fed only a high-energy diet. Fish-farming biological characteristics indicate higher fish yielding qualities in the case of simultaneous use of two types of feed (K-111 and Karp-38/12). Taste priorities must be considered in aquaculture fish farming.
Microevolutionary processes in the creation of the Siberian species of carp
Authors: Pishchenko Elena , Moruzi Irina , Zakonova Liudmila , Vesnina Liubov , Kropachev Dmitrii
Published: June 2021

Selection of carp was started in 1964 in Siberia. The work was carried out in a continental climate. The duration of the winter period was 120-130 days. The species was created by the method of mass directed selection in terms of body growth, girth and fecundity. In comparison with the original population, the body weight of females in the average school increased significantly - by 67.17%, and the weight of female five-year-olds - by 33.58%. This led to earlier maturation and accelerated the generational change. Considering the dynamic series of the exterior of the females according to the indices of progonism, broad-back, body girth, as well as exterior profiles, we noted that the population of the Altai mirror carp had a high growth rate, which ensured high fish productivity of reservoirs. Analysis of the variability of morphological traits from the third to the seventh generation showed that against the background of a noticeable increase in body weight, body length decreased, girth, growth and thickness increased. The body of the Altai mirror carp for five generations of breeding has become more compact, the exterior has improved.
Use of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) for cryopreservation and storage of Siberian sturgeon sperm
Authors: Kovalev Konstantin , Dokina Olga , Pronina Natalia , Balashov Dmitry , Krasilnikova Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

The research aimed to determine the effect of different taurine concentrations on the duration of sperm fertility preservation and the results of further use during cryopreservation. The taurine was injected into the sperm of the Siberian sturgeon by various methods under conditions of low positive temperatures. Immediately after preparation, the taurine was injected into native sperm at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mmol/ml. Two methods of introducing taurine into native sperm were tested: 1 (dry method) - adding taurine powder directly to native sperm and 2 (wet method) - adding taurine dissolved in saline to native sperm. The studies have shown that injections of taurine in an amount of 0.05 - 0.1 mmol/ml both dry and wet can be recommended as the method of long-term preservation of the native sperm of Siberian sturgeon viability. While storing Siberian sturgeon sperm for further cryopreservation the optimal taurine concentration is 0.01 mmol/ml.
On the use of a beam infiltration water intake structure for water supply purposes
Authors: Shamsutdinov Ruslan , Trotsenko Irina , Korchevskaya Yulia , Nazarkin Eduard
Published: June 2021

The object of research in this work is the under-channel waters of the Irtysh River, considered as an alternative source of water supply, necessary for the sustainable provision of high-quality drinking water to the population of cities in emergency situations. In bacteriological and sanitary-hygienic terms, studies have shown that infiltration waters are quite safe. According to the results of the analyzes carried out, infiltration waters are mainly fresh with a salinity of 0.5 to 1 g / l. The most rational scheme from a technical and economic point of view in relation to local conditions are beam water intake structures, which is due to the relatively low thickness of water-bearing rocks. At the same time, infiltration-type water intake structures in the Irtysh river valley should be located at a distance of up to 130 m from the river channel (taking into account the value of hydraulic resistance ∆lн). The distance between wells in a linear row should be taken up to 50 m.
Repair compositions for restoration of operated reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Shlyakhova Elena , Serebryanaya Irina , Egorochkina Inna , Matrosov Andrey , Odinets Maxim , Knyazhichenko Michael
Published: June 2021

Power transmission lines (PTL) are strategic objects, the reliability of which depends on the life support of the country. Most of the currently operated power transmission lines were put into operation in the twentieth century, and by now there is a problem of assessing their technical condition, repairing them, if necessary, and maintaining them in a working condition. Defects that appear during the operation of reinforced concrete elements of power transmission lines have different localization and degree of manifestation, but typical is the destruction of the surface layer of concrete with exposure of rebar, more often at the base of the power transmission line. The aim of the work is to select the optimal composition of the repair mixture based on non-shrinking and expanding cements, ensuring reliable adhesion of the repair compounds to the concrete of the structure, which will restore the bearing and operational characteristics in the repaired reinforced concrete elements of the power transmission line at the design level.
The feasibility of determining the condition of friction units of engines by the EMF magnitude
Authors: Salakhutdinov Ilmas , Molochnikov Denis , Glushchenko Andrei , Khusainov Albert , Gayaziev Ilnar
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to theoretical studies of the feasibility to determine the clearance size in the friction units of an internal combustion engine by the magnitude of the electromotive force (EMF) that arises in them. The effect of the contact area of the friction pairs and the clearance between them on the electrical resistance in the contact, and, accordingly, on the magnitude of the emerging EMF was theoretically confirmed. As a result of the theoretical studies, the relationship of the influence of changing clearances on the magnitude of the EMF arising in them was established. To confirm the theoretical calculations, bench studies of the UMZ-417 engine were carried out to determine the magnitude of the EMF arising in its friction pairs depending on the change in the crankshaft rotation speed, followed by micrometry of the parts. The study was carried out using the designed current collector. The obtained theoretical and experimental results confirm the feasibility of determining the condition of friction units by the magnitude of the EMF generated in them and with sufficient accuracy to determine the dynamics of the clearance size between rubbing parts.
Building a value-based human resource management system
Authors: Gaponenko Tatiana , Dovbysh Viktoriya , Filin Nikolay , Bulatova Raykhana
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to develop a value-based approach to the management of organizational staff, which involves the management of employee behaviour through the development of a commitment to corporate values, which will improve the quality and efficiency of the management. The methods of analogy, expert assessment, estimating the efficiency of the investment project, the coefficient method, the direct method of estimating the value of human capital by the cost approach are used. The result of the study is a methodology for studying corporate and personal values, as well as a system of indicators to measure the effectiveness of decisions taken in the area of value-based personnel management. It is proposed to measure the impact of value-based staff management in three ways: by the results achieved through the commitment to individual values; as a degree of achievement of management objectives; as the efficiency of investment in personnel. The system of value-based personnel management presented was tested in the context of an agricultural organization, for which it was proposed that the personnel management system be reoriented from goal-based management to value-based management. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions has been assessed through the developed system of indicators.
Modern regulatory and legal regulation of the peasant (farmer) economy: problems of theory and practice
Authors: Grechenkova Oksana
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the topic "Modern regulatory and legal regulation of the peasant (farmer) economy: problems of theory and practice". The article examines the legal framework of peasant (farmer) farming in the Russian Federation including in the south of Russia and the Rostov region. The issues of regulating the activities and support of the peasant (farmer) economy are relevant, since regulation is associated with the development of new technologies, increasing the level of mechanization, professional and legal culture of rural residents. The peculiarities of the functioning of farms give reason to talk about the need to clarify legal information, including regional information. The modern problems of the normative-legal regulation of the activity of the peasant (farmer) economy, both from the theoretical and practical points of view, are determined.
New trends in regulation of agriculture
Authors: Zyryanov Sergey , Kalmykova Anastasia , Levonenkova Tatyana , Kozlova Ekaterina , Starodubova Olyesya
Published: June 2021

Regulatory state agencies propose new solutions on regulating relationship in agriculture. Countries with developed agriculture have various national public institutions with a wide range of functions. They develop public policies, set standards, issue licenses and other permissions, do inspections, protect rights of agricultural products consumers, provide support to producers, and etc. Bodies regulating relationship in agriculture act in accordance with the general regulatory trends. Their activity is influenced by modernization and reformation processes, such as deregulation in various forms, transition from a command and control model of regulation to new models providing incentives for producers to voluntarily compliance, risk-based approach introduction, etc. Regulatory tools are often not effective enough for a number of reasons. This work consists of three parts, it evaluates the current state of agriculture in specific actual areas. The first section investigates general trends in the development of regulatory theory and practice. The second section deals with the problems of protecting farmers from unfair trade practices of suppliers and retail chains. The third section presents the results of the analysis of competing provisions on environmental protection and food safety. In conclusion, the authors give a system of new ways of regulation which can replace traditional ways of deterrence.
Methodological aspects of rural economy diversification in the context of modern civilizational transformations
Authors: Podgorskaya Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to provide theoretical and methodological justification for the directions of rural economy diversification in the context of modern civilizational transformations and new trends in economic development. Civilizational transformations are based on qualitative transformations affecting all levels of the world economic system, accompanied by a change in the technological structure, social and political organization. The new model of rural development should be based on a diversified economic base based on the principles of inclusive growth. In this regard, the state policy should be aimed at ensuring equal access of all segments of the rural population to production and financial resources, ser-vices, technologies and markets, and support for entrepreneurial initiatives, small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas. The priorities for the diversification of the rural economy in the context of modern civilizational transformations are to overcome single-industry specialization, to move to the versatile development of the economic basis of rural areas, to mobilize the local population and involve it in the economy on the basis of preserving and improving endogenous resources. The diversification of the rural economy is a global trend and is primarily driven by the desire to increase employment and sources of income of the rural population, and to over-come rural poverty.
National small agribusiness policy in EAEU countries
Authors: Pratsko Gennady , Skvortsova Tatyana , Epifanova Tatyana , Kurinova Yana
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of national small and medium agribusinesses policy measures in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries. To achieve the objectives of the study, the authors analyze the measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses implemented in the EAEU member states as follows: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. In the course of the study, the authors utilized the systemic and structural-functional methods of scientific development, the method of interpreting legal norms, as well as the logical method. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that it is necessary to consider the possibility of introducing new provisions into the EAEU Treaty, regarding the support of small and medium-sized businesses. A coordinated state policy to support small and medium-sized businesses on the territory of the single economic space of the EAEU could significantly affect the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector. In this regard, the proposed measures to support small and medium agribusiness are recognized as an incentive for the development of the agricultural market and the economy of the EAEU countries.
Development of a real-time document approval system
Authors: Cherckesova Larisa , Boldyrikhin Nikolay , Revyakina Elena , Safaryan Olga , Yengibaryan Irina
Published: June 2021

The article describes the preparation of the document approval system before the start of development, the project architecture, and testing. The work processes are demonstrated, registration and authorization in the system, creation of the document approval process and the approval process itself are considered.
Development of an import–substituting software package for secure file transfer, based on the modified protocol of EL–GAMAL
Authors: Cherckesova Larisa , Safaryan Olga , Boldyrikhin Nikolay , Akishin Boris , Yukhnov Vasiliy
Published: June 2021

The article describes the development of modified encryption protocol based on the El–Gamal cryptoalgorithm. The development of an import–substituting software package for secure file transfer, based on the modified protocol of El–Gamal was made also.