bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antikvarer og oldforskning på Grundtvigs tid
Authors: Adamsen Christian
Published: September 2020

Antikvarer og oldforskning på Grundtvigs tid[Antiquarians and the Study of Antiquity during Grundtvig’s Lifetime]By Christian AdamsenWhile the 17th and 18th centuries were dominated by the so-called antiquarianism, the 19th century saw the dawn of scientific archaeology. The Danish Royal Commission of Antiquities in Copenhagen, established 1807 (much later to become the National Museum), sent out a questionnaire to every clerk in the country in order to collect information about various antiquities. The answers, recently published in full text, reflect not only the local perception of Antiquity all over the country, but also the amount of knowledge available to the commission members in Copenhagen. Central persons in the Danish development are Frederik Munter, Rasmus Nyerup, Christian Jurgensen Thomsen and J. J. A. Worsaae. The relations between Grundtvig and the professional antiquarians were however distant but heartful, still Grundtvig’s lifelong efforts probably constitute the most important contribution to the 20th century status of archaeology as the most widespread Danish hobby.
To breve fra N. F. S. Grundtvig. Udgivet og kommenteret
Authors: Pedersen Kim Arne
Published: September 2020

To breve fra N. F. S. Grundtvig[Two letters from N. F. S. Grundtvig]By Kim Arne PedersenTwo letters written by N. F. S. Grundtvig from, respectively, Lisbeth and Povl Kiilerich’s and Steffen Lauge’s private collections are here published in transcription with an explanatory commentary. The first letter has belonged in Lisbeth Kiilerich’s family - in the possession, that is, of the Hvidt family - for several generations. In the letter, Grundtvig refers to a theological discussion he has had with its recipient, the speculative and Daub-influenced theologian V. H. Rothe (1777-1857). Grundtvig expresses himself forcibly but is not looking for hostilities. In the second letter, he tells his sister-in-law Jane Mathia Blicher (1792-1853) of his visit to Norway in 1851. The letter conveys a good and lively picture of the journey and the homage paid to Grundtvig there.
Reclaiming Grundtvig at Grand View College
Authors: Mattes Mark C.
Published: September 2020

Reclaiming Grundtvig at Grand View College[Grundtvig og den grundtvigske arv på Grand View College]Af Mark C. MattesMark Mattes er professor ved Grand View College i Des Moines, Iowa. Denne uddannelsesinstitution, der i sin tid blev grundlagt af danske udvandrere under medvirken af bl.a. Grundtvigs søn Frederik Lange Grundtvig, har gennem årene været et vigtigt hjemsted for fortsat interesse for dansk sprog og kulturarv. Som det fremgår af prof. Mattes’ bidrag, er man i øjeblikket i gang med at støbe traditionen i nye former, uden af den grund at give køb på målsætningen at bygge på den grundtvigske arv.
Grundtvig-Selskabet af 8. september 1947: Årsberetning 2007
Authors: Balslev-Clausen Peter
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's companyBy Peter Balslev-Clausen
Alt-i-alt: Et gensyn med Poul Borums syn på Digteren Grundtvig
Authors: Hauge Hans
Published: September 2020

Alt-i-alt: Et gensyn med Poul Borums syn på Digteren Grundtvig[All in all: Poul Borum''s view of Grundtvig the poet revisited]By Hans HaugePoul Borum was a well-known poet and an influential critic. His book on poetic modernism was a milestone. Few contemporaries associated him with N. F. S. Grundtvig so it was perhaps something of a surprise when in 1983 he published a full-length study of Grundtvig’s texts, focusing upon and rehabilitating Grundtvig the poet. He was of the opinion that literary critics and writers at large as well as established Grundtvig-scholars lacked something.The literary critics knew too little about Grundtvig and did not adequately appreciate him, whereas the scholars were too unfamiliar with contemporary literary criticism. Borum attempted to mediate between the two groups. He was easily familiar with almost all the secondary and scholarly literature on Grundtvig and he was also well versed in contemporary literary criticism and referred to such names as Harold Bloom and Paul de Man. He uses Bloom’s theory of anxiety in his reading of one of Grundtvig’s best-loved hymns and demonstrates how Grundtvig struggled with the influence of the seventeenthcentury hymn-writer Kingo.Borum did not really succeed in achieving deconstructive readings of Grundtvig’s texts; however, he did successfully demonstrate the way in which all Grundtvig’s texts were self-reflexive and he showed how even brief fragments contained the whole - all in all. Whenever Grundtvig wrote something, the text contained poetological elements and he stressed the notion of contemporaneity.The article concludes by discussing how Borum took various critics to task and how he distanced himself from certain contemporary political uses of Grundtvig.
S. A. J. Bradley, N. F. S. Grundtvig: A life recalled
Authors: Borish Steven
Published: September 2020

S.A.J. Bradley, N.F.S. Grundtvig: Et liv mindes
Grundtvig-litteratur 2012-2015: En bibliografi.
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: September 2020

Nedenstående bibliografi over Grundtvig-litteratur 2012-2015 videreførertilsvarendebibliografier i Grundtvig-Studier 1968, 1971, 1974, 1979, 1984, 1991,1997, 2001, 2006, 2009 og 2012 (kumuleret udgave– dækkendeårene 1963-1985 – offentliggjort 1986).Stoffet er ordnet efter bibliografiske kriterier frem for efter emnekredse.Tidsrummetgælder ikke absolut, idet enkelte bidrag af ældredato er medtaget. Arbejdeter afsluttet 18.10.2015.Med hensyn til avisstoffet (artikler fortegnet nedenfor i afsnit 6 samt anmeldelserfortegnet i forbindelsemed de arbejder, de omhandler)gælder, at bibliografienikke gør krav på fuldstændighed.Medtageter i alt væsentligt, hvad ogsåbibliotek.dk har fundet det rimeligtat redde fra glemsel.
Grundtvig and the Descent into Hell
Authors: Grundtvig N. F. S.
Published: September 2020

The following special section on Grundtvig’s poem I Kveld blev der banketpaa Helvedes Port [This Night came a Knocking on Hell’s Fortress-Gate]includes a new unrhymed metrical English translation of the poem withselect commentary by S.A.J. Bradley, followed by two articles, the firstby K.E. Bugge about the genesis of the poem and the Descent theme inGrundtvig’s thinking; and the second by S.A.J. Bradley concerning theAnglo-Saxon poems which Grundtvig indicates were his inspiration to IKveld and a small cluster of other hymns which he wrote for the DanishChurch.
Om udgaven Grundtvigs Værker.
Authors: Nielsen Klaus
Published: September 2020

Opbygning, principper og status
Grundtvig and John Wesley – A Study of Convergence in Their Theologies
Authors: Thaarup Jørgen
Published: September 2020

John Wesley (1703-1791) and Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig (1783-1872)were two very influential theologians, Wesley in eighteenth-century AnglicanEngland and Grundtvig in nineteenth-century Lutheran Denmark.1 They becamereformers of the Protestant concept of Christian thinking within their respectivecontexts of church and society. Wesley’s theological ideas and ecclesiasticalinitiatives have spread internationally, forming and influencing new churches,schools, hospitals, and universities in many countries. Grundtvig’s ideas haveinspired theological and pedagogical understanding not only in Denmark butalso, more broadly, in Scandinavia and internationally.
Anmeldelser: Public Theologian avant la lettre? N.F.S. Grundtvig as Historian and Politician
Authors: Schmiedel Ulrich
Published: September 2020

The Common Good: N.F.S. Grundtvig as Politician and Contemporary Historian,translated by Edward Broadbridge, edited by Edward Broadbridge and OveKorsgaard, Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2019.
Misgendered in Translation?: Genderqueerness in Polish Translations of English-language Television Series
Authors: Misiek Szymon
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the English-speaking world observed growing awareness of the gender non-binary/genderqueer community. Among other things, this involved the issue of in- clusive language, e.g. the singular they pronoun has been declared the word of the year by the American Dialect Society in 2015, and by Merriam-Webster in 2019. There is also growing media representation of characters using singular they in popular culture. This, however, poses a challenge to translators, as some languages – like Polish – are much more heavily gendered and lack an obvious equivalent of singular they. This article analy- ses Polish translations of three English-language television series featuring non-binary characters and discusses good practices one can employ when dealing with similar trans- lation challenges.
Assessing the responses of Sphagnum micro-eukaryotes to climate changes using high throughput sequencing
Authors: Reczuga Monika K. , Seppey Christophe Victor William , Mulot Matthieu , Jassey Vincent E.J. , Buttler Alexandre , Słowińska Sandra , Słowiński Michał , Lara Enrique , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Mitchell Edward A.D.
Published: September 2020

Current projections suggest that climate warming will be accompanied by more frequent and severe drought events. Peatlands store ca. one third of the world’s soil organic carbon. Warming and drought may cause peatlands to become carbon sources through stimulation of microbial activity increasing ecosystem respiration, with positive feedback effect on global warming. Micro-eukaryotes play a key role in the carbon cycle through food web interactions and therefore, alterations in their community structure and diversity may affect ecosystem functioning and could reflect these changes. We assessed the diversity and community composition of Sphagnum-associated eukaryotic microorganisms inhabiting peatlands and their response to experimental drought and warming using high throughput sequencing of environmental DNA. Under drier conditions, micro-eukaryotic diversity decreased, the relative abundance of autotrophs increased and that of osmotrophs (including Fungi and Peronosporomycetes) decreased. Furthermore, we identified climate change indicators that could be used as early indicators of change in peatland microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. The changes we observed indicate a shift towards a more “terrestrial” community in response to drought, in line with observed changes in the functioning of the ecosystem.
Soil fungal networks are more sensitive to grazing exclusion than bacterial networks
Authors: Chen Lingling , Shi Jiajia , Bao Zhihua , Baoyin Taogetao
Published: September 2020

Soil microbial communities play a crucial role in ecological restoration, but it is unknown how co-occurrence networks within these communities respond to grazing exclusion. This lack of information was addressed by investigating the effects of eight years of grazing exclusion on microbial networks in an area of Stipa glareosa P. Smirn desert steppe in northern China. Here, we show that fungal networks were more sensitive to grazing exclusion than bacterial networks. Eight years of grazing exclusion decreased the soil fungal community stability via changes in plant composition and reductions in soil total organic carbon, in this case triggering negative effects on the S. glareosa desert steppe. The results provide new insights into the response mechanisms of soil microbes to grazing exclusion and offer possible solutions for management issues in the restoration of degraded desert steppe.
Греть, дымить и загрязнять: история мазута в России, "Природа"
Authors: Слуковский Захар Иванович
Published: September 2020

Сегодня подавляющее большинство ТЭЦ в России работает, используя природный газ или уголь. Однако так было не всегда. Еще 20-30 лет назад существенную роль в энергетике нашей страны играли нефтепродукты, в том числе мазут. В статье изложена краткая история появления этого топлива в дореволюционное время в России и история его активного использования в СССР, в первую очередь для обеспечения городов и промышленных предприятий электроэнергией и теплом. Кроме того, приводятся примеры негативного влияния мазутных выбросов на окружающую среду. Главным образом это происходило и происходит из-за высоких концентраций ванадия и никеля в топочных мазутах. Описываются последствия длительной работы ТЭЦ в Карелии и Мурманской обл. на примере исследования донных отложений в малых городских озерах северо-западной части России.
Определение скорости течения на морской поверхности доплеровским радиолокатором X-диапазона, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Ермошкин А.В. , Капустин И.А. , Мольков А.А. , Богатов И.А.
Published: September 2020

В работе предложена методика определения скорости и направления поверхностного течения по измерениям скоростных радиолокационных панорам доплеровским радиолокатором X-диапазона. На основе результатов численного моделирования доплеровской скорости брэгговских волн в поле ветрового волнения и течения выбран диапазон дальностей для измерения скорости поверхностного течения, при котором можно не учитывать эффект затенения участков морской поверхности гребнями волн. Проведены продолжительные натурные эксперименты, в ходе которых предлагаемая методика была проверена. Скорость и направление поверхностного течения вычислялись как векторная сумма скорости течения водной толщи и 3% скорости ветра, при этом одновременно измерялись скоростные радиолокационные панорамы морской поверхности. Показано, что при зондировании навстречу ветру/волнению средние скорости рассеивающих СВЧ радиоволны элементов морской поверхности существенно выше предсказаний двухмасштабной модели рассеивания, учет которых для восстановления скорости поверхностного течения, был проведен эмпирически. При зондировании по ветру/волнению наблюдалось хорошее согласие с результатами моделирования. Корреляционный анализ поверхностного течения, вычисленного через гидрометеорологические параметры и по скоростным радиолокационным панорамам, продемонстрировал максимальный коэффициент корреляции для величины скорости 0.88 со среднеквадратичной ошибкой 8 см/с, а для направления 0.98 - со среднеквадратичной ошибкой 14°. Отмечается, что пленочные слики на морской поверхности приводят к существенному уменьшению усредненной доплеровской скорости, что может выступать дополнительным критерием при дистанционном обнаружении разливов нефти и нефтепродуктов.
Role of MRI in the Detection and Monitoring of Lower Limb Osteonecrosis after Chemotherapy in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Maarek Aliaa M. , Dawoud Mohammed M. , Rafat Tarek A. , Elshafey Khaled I.
Published: September 2020

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique that demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of osteonecrosis. It allows detecting initial typical signal intensity alterations of the bone marrow when other examinations showed nonspecific findings or even no alterations at all. The aim of this study is to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging in detection and monitoring osteonecrotic lesions in pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 30 pediatric patients ranged from 4 to 18 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy or after 3months from ending chemotherapy with symptoms suspicious for osteonecrosis (i.e., articular pain). All patients were explained about the procedure to be done. MRI study of whole lower limbs was done for all patients.

Results: In the present study all patients were symptomatic. 24\30 patients (80%) had hip pain, 25\30 patients (83.3%) had knee pain and 8\30 patients (26.7%) had limping. We reported that knee pain was the most common complaint representing 83.3% of patients. 11\30 patients (36.7%) had no MRI findings. 19\30 patients (63.3%) had different positive findings; 4 patients (13.3%) had non -articular osteonecrosis (ON) only with no joint involvement (bone infarction), 2 patients (6.7%) had avascular necrosis of femoral head epiphysis without bone infarction and 13 patients (43.3%) had combined bone infarction and avascular necrosis with Joint involvement. Follow up by MRI was done for all patients (30 patients), 27 patients showed no change in MRI findings, one patient progressed from avascular necrosis of the femoral head epiphysis without deformity to avascular necrosis of the femoral head epiphysis with deformity. The other two patient showed regressive course.

Conclusion: We concluded that MRI study is mandatory for early detection and monitoring of lower limb osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under or after chemotherapy. The radiologist and clinician must do MRI lower limbs routinely and follow up MRI after 4-6 months to first MRI due to some patients had regressive or progressive findings.
Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring to Determine the Glycemic Variability in Patients Having SARS CoV-2 Infection with ARDS and Its Bearing on the Severity of the Disease
Authors: Lakhani Jitendra D. , Pandya Hetal , Jain Archit , Ghadiya Sachin
Published: September 2020

Aims and Objectives: A study to determine the effect of glycemic variability measured by continuous blood glucose monitoring as assessed by standard deviation of each SARS CoV -2 patient's mean glucose level and to correlate with the severity of the disease.

Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study of 13 patients with SARS CoV-2 infection with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with and without diabetes.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Dhiraj Hospital, Smt. Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical College and Research Institute; between June 2020 to July 2020.

Results: 13 patients of SARS CoV-2 with ARDS were enrolled in the study. The median age of the enrolled patients was 55±12 years. Out of the 13 patients, 5 patients belonged to mild and severe category of ARDS each respectively and 3 patients belonged to the moderate category of ARDS. There was a gradual rise in inflammatory markers such as serum LDH, Ferritin, CRP from mild to severe ARDS and D-dimer level was more than double in severe category as compared to the mild ARDS. Normal glycemic variability in adults is 0-3 SD, and we found that there was a significant co-relation of glycemic variability with severity of the disease evidenced by the mean standard deviation of severe ARDS patients as 27.44 SD; whereas 19.26 SD and 9.7 SD for moderate and mild ARDS patients respectively. Hypoglycemia was documented in 10 patients. The maximum stay in the hospital was that of the patients with high glycemic variability that is 22 ± 2 days

Conclusion: This preliminary study relates glycemic variability with severity of ARDS in patients of severe SARS CoV-2. Frequent episode of hypoglycemia is not uncommon and should be monitored.
Impact of age‐related T‐cell dynamics on the identification of biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy discontinuation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Galloway Jason E. , Holderbaum Andrea M. , Arya Namrata , Zhang Suohui , Bodnar Michael S. , Norman Ruthann , Carson William E. , Yu Lianbo , Kendra Kari L. , Burd Christin E.
Published: September 2020

Background

The impact of biologic aging on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) toxicity and efficacy is underexplored in metastatic melanoma (MM). In peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBTLs), biologic aging is characterized by changes in T‐cell composition and cellular senescence. Whether indicators of PBTL biologic aging vary in MM patients or can be used to predict premature ICI discontinuation (pID) is unknown.

Methods

We prospectively collected PBTLs from 117 cancer‐free controls and 46 MM patients scheduled to begin pembrolizumab or nivolumab monotherapy. Seventy‐four mRNAs indicative of T‐cell subset, activation, costimulation/inhibition, and cellular senescence were measured by Nanostring. Relationships between each mRNA and chronologic age were assessed in patients and controls. Candidate biomarkers were identified by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) for pID in patients divided into low and high groups based on log‐transformed mRNA levels or the magnitude by which each mRNA measurement deviated from the control trend (Δage). Area under the curve (AUC) analyses explored the ability of each biomarker to discriminate between patients with and without pID at 6 months and 1 year.

Results

Fifteen mRNAs correlated with chronologic age in controls, including markers of T‐cell subset, differentiation, cytokine production, and costimulation/inhibition. None of these mRNAs remained correlated with age in patients. Median follow‐up was 94.8 (1.6‐195.7) weeks and 35 of 46 patients discontinued therapy (23 progression, seven toxicity, and five comorbidity/patient preference). Elevated pretherapy CD8A (HR = 2.2 [1.1‐4.9]), CD45RB (HR = 2.9 [1.4‐5.8]), and TNFRSF14 (HR = 2.2 [1.1‐4.5]) levels predicted pID independent of Δage‐correction. CD3ε, CD27, and FOXO1 predicted pID only after Δage‐correction (HR = 2.5 [1.3‐5.1]; 3.7 [1.8‐7.8]; 2.1 [1.1‐4.3]). AUC analysis identified Δage‐CD3ε and Δage‐CD27 as candidate predictors of pID (AUC = .73 and .75).

Conclusions

Correlations between transcriptional markers of PBTL composition and chronologic age are disrupted in MM. Correcting for normal, age‐related trends in biomarker expression unveils new biomarker candidates predictive of ICI outcomes.
The most efficient sequence of study depends on the type of test
Authors: Carvalho Paulo F. , Goldstone Robert L.
Published: September 2020

Across three experiments featuring naturalistic concepts (psychology concepts) and naïve learners, we extend previous research showing an effect of the sequence of study on learning outcomes, by demonstrating that the sequence of examples during study changes the representation the learner creates of the study materials. We compared participants' performance in test tasks requiring different representations and evaluated which sequence yields better learning in which type of tests. We found that interleaved study, in which examples from different concepts are mixed, leads to the creation of relatively interrelated concepts that are represented by contrast to each other and based on discriminating properties. Conversely, blocked study, in which several examples of the same concept are presented together, leads to the creation of relatively isolated concepts that are represented in terms of their central and characteristic properties. These results argue for the integrated investigation of the benefits of different sequences of study as depending on the characteristics of the study and testing situation.
Patient‐reported Disease Activity in an Axial Spondyloarthritis Cohort during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Liew Jean W. , Castillo Maria , Zaccagnino Ethan , Katz Patricia , Haroon Nigil , Gensler Lianne S.
Published: September 2020

Objective

Response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in shelter‐in‐place orders and major changes to individuals’ daily lives. The impact of such stressors on disease activity in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether stress, anxiety, and depression are associated with patient‐reported disease activity, after accounting for important factors.

Methods

We administered a survey to an axSpA cohort from a single center with well‐defined demographic and disease characteristics. We included questions about job status changes, exercise, medication use, disease activity (by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI]), and psychological factors (stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety). Separate multivariable linear models examined the associations between perceived stress, anxiety, and depression with the BASDAI.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, those with higher levels of stress had a statistically significant 0.54‐point higher BASDAI, on average, compared with those with lower levels of stress (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11, 0.97). Those with higher levels of anxiety also had a statistically significant higher BASDAI, on average, compared with those with lower levels of anxiety (β: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.99). The association between depression and BASDAI was not statistically significant. We did not find differences in these associations among subgroups of age, job status, or county of residence.

Conclusion

Individuals with axSpA with higher levels of stress and anxiety had significantly higher disease activity levels, although with a difference below clinical importance. Further planned studies will evaluate the trajectory of disease activity.
Vaping nicotine and marijuana more than doubled
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2020

Last week, the annual Monitoring the Future (MTF) report from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed dramatic increases in vaping of marijuana and nicotine among college students and young adults. The study shows that marijuana use is almost at its highest level in the past four decades.
House passes bills to ease access to MAT, expand SOR
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2020

The House Energy and Commerce Committee passed 26 health bills on Sept. 9, including measures that would expand access to mental health services, combat the opioid epidemic, reauthorize key public health programs, improve Medicare enrollment, streamline public health data sharing for tribes and facilitate access to marijuana for research.
Full Confinement of High‐Lying Triplet States to Achieve High‐Level Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Rubrene: A Strategy for Obtaining the Record‐High EQE of 16.1% with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Tang Xiantong , Pan Ruiheng , Zhao Xi , Jia Weiyao , Wang Ying , Ma Caihong , Tu Linyao , Xiong Zuhong
Published: September 2020

A high‐level reverse intersystem crossing (HL‐RISC, T2 → S1 → S0 + hν) process has recently been discovered as a promising route for achieving highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the prerequisites for the occurrence of HL‐RISC in rubrene is still vague and the reported external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of rubrene‐doped OLEDs are typically limited to several percent. Herein, using the fingerprint magneto‐electroluminescence tools, it is found that the energy confinement of high‐lying triplet states (T2, rub) is of great importance for the achievement of the HL‐RISC process. Namely, when the triplet energies of hosts satisfy the criterion of E(T1, host) ≥ E(T2, rub), the high‐level Dexter energy transfer channel (T1, host → T2, rub) can facilitate the occurrence of HL‐RISC (T2, rub → S1, rub) in rubrene. Most importantly, through selecting an exciplex with a high triplet energy as the co‐host for rubrene dopant so as to simultaneously utilize the HL‐RISC of the dopant and the RISC of the host, a record high EQE up to 16.1% is achieved and no obvious efficiency roll‐off is observed at high luminance due to the absence of triplet‐charge annihilation. Accordingly, this work not only deepens the physical understanding of this amazing HL‐RISC channel, but also provides a new direction for designing a series of highly efficient OLEDs.
Importance of Optimal Crystallinity and Hole Mobility of BDT‐Based Polymer Donor for Simultaneous Enhancements of Voc, Jsc, and FF in Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Park Jin Su , Kim Geon‐U , Lee Dongchan , Lee Seungjin , Ma Biwu , Cho Shinuk , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: September 2020

In this work, a new series of polymer donors consisting of thienothiophene π‐bridged N‐octylthieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (8ttTPD) and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene (BDT) units for producing highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) paired with a Y6 acceptor is developed. The incorporation of the highly planar 8ttTPD unit enhances crystalline properties as well as hole mobilities of the BDT‐based polymers that typically have amorphous features. Further, the 2D side chains with halogen atoms (fluorine and chlorine) are designed as another handle to control the crystallinity and energy levels of the BDT‐based polymer donors: PBDT‐X (X = H, F, or Cl). Synergistic effects of incorporated 8ttTPD unit and the halogenated 2D side chain generate significantly enhanced charge transport and recombination properties of the OSCs, which is mainly attributed to optimized crystallinity and hole mobility of the polymer donors. Therefore, the PBDT‐Cl:Y6‐based OSCs exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.63% with simultaneous improvements of open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor, which outperforms the PCEs of PBDT‐H:Y6 (11.84%) and PBDT‐F:Y6 (14.86%).
On the Piezo‐Phototronic Effect in Si/ZnO Heterojunction Photodiode: The Effect of the Fermi‐Level Difference
Authors: Pan Zijian , Peng Wenbo , Li Fangpei , Cai Yahui , He Yongning
Published: September 2020

The piezo‐phototronic effect has been extensively investigated to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices. However, the modulations in different energy band structures are quite distinctive, and adverse effects may be produced. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the modulation law in the optoelectronic devices with different energy band structures. Here, five kinds of Si/ZnO heterojunction photodiodes (PDs) with different energy band structures are fabricated and the piezo‐phototronic effect is systematically investigated on their photoresponse performance. For the p‐Si/n‐ZnO PDs, significant performance improvement is achieved by the piezo‐phototronic effect, with the magnitude of improvement increasing with doping concentration of p‐Si. For the n‐Si/n‐ZnO PDs, performance improvement is only achieved when the n‐Si is lightly doped, with a lower magnitude compared to that of the p‐Si/n‐ZnO PDs. The in‐depth working mechanism regarding to the different energy band structures is revealed. It is concluded that when the Fermi‐level of Si moves from the bottom of conduction band to the top of the valence band, the magnitude of performance improvement in Si/ZnO heterojunction PD increases. This study not only presents an in‐depth understanding regarding the piezo‐phototronic effect in Si/ZnO heterojunction PDs, but also provides guidance to optimize the piezo‐phototronic effect in optoelectronic devices.
Crystalline Porous Organic Salts: From Micropore to Hierarchical Pores
Authors: Yu Shen , Xing Guo‐Long , Chen Li‐Hua , Ben Teng , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: September 2020

Crystalline porous organic salts (CPOSs), as an emerging class of porous organic materials, combining the uniform microporous system and distinct polarized channels, have become a highly evolving field of important current interest. The unique ionic bond of a CPOS endows the confined channels with high polarity, making CPOSs distinct from other organic frameworks. CPOSs show many fascinating properties, such as proton conductivity and fast transport of polar molecules, which involve the interaction between highly polarized guest molecules and host frameworks. Substantial progress has been made in the synthesis and applications of CPOSs. Herein, an overview is provided to impart a comprehensive understanding of the link between the synthetic approaches and the resultant microporous structure, the structure–function correlation and the state‐of‐the‐art applications of CPOSs. The enhanced mass‐transport performance of hierarchically porous structure in combination with the intrinsic polarized channels of CPOSs is very promising to create new applications and contribute to a new research upsurge. The perspective to construct porous hierarchy within the crystalline porous organic salts is assessed and will open a new research avenue. In the conclusion, the current challenges on the synthesis, structural regulation, and applications of CPOSs and the future of hierarchically porous crystalline organic salts are discussed.
Multimodal Luminescent Yb3+/Er3+/Bi3+‐Doped Perovskite Single Crystals for X‐ray Detection and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zeng Zhichao , Huang Bolong , Wang Xia , Lu Lu , Lu Qiuyang , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Ma Tengfei , Xu Jun , Xu Yueshan , Wang Shuao , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: September 2020

Anti‐counterfeiting techniques have become a global topic since they is correlated to the information and data safety, in which multimodal luminescence is one of the most desirable candidates for practical applications. However, it is a long‐standing challenge to actualize robust multimodal luminescence with high thermal stability and humid resistance. Conventionally, the multimodal luminescence is usually achieved by the combination of upconversion and downshifting luminescence, which only responds to the electromagnetic waves in a limited range. Herein, the Yb3+/Er3+/Bi3+ co‐doped Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4InCl6 perovskite material is reported as an efficient multimodal luminescence material. Beyond the excitation of ultraviolet light and near‐infrared laser (980 nm), this work extends multimodal luminescence to the excitation of X‐ray. Besides the flexible excitation sources, this material also shows the exceptional luminescence performance, in which the X‐ray detection limit reaches the level of nGy s−1, indicating a great potential for further application as a colorless pigment in the anti‐counterfeiting field. More importantly, the obtained double perovskite features high stability against both humidity and temperature up to 400 °C. This integrated multifunctional luminescent material provides a new directional solution for the development of multifunctional optical materials and devices.
Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment‐Activated Bio‐Decomposable and Metabolizable Cu2O@CaCO3 Nanocomposites for Synergistic Oncotherapy
Authors: Chang Mengyu , Hou Zhiyao , Jin Dayong , Zhou Jiajia , Wang Man , Wang Meifang , Shu Mengmeng , Ding Binbin , Li Chunxia , Lin Jun
Published: September 2020

Rational design of tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated nanocomposites provides an innovative strategy to construct responsive oncotherapy. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the specific physiological features are the overexpressed endogenous H2S and slightly acidic microenvironment. Here, a core–shell Cu2O@CaCO3 nanostructure for CRC “turn‐on” therapy is reported. With CaCO3 responsive to pH decomposition and Cu2O responsive to H2S sulfuration, Cu2O@CaCO3 can be triggered “on” into the therapeutic mode by the colorectal TME. When the CaCO3 shell decomposes and releases calcium in acidic colorectal TME, the loss of protection from the CaCO3 shell exposes the Cu2O core to be sulfuretted by H2S to form metabolizable Cu31S16 nanocrystals that gain remarkably strong near‐infrared absorption. After modifying hyaluronic acid, Cu2O@CaCO3 can achieve synergistic CRC‐targeted and TME‐triggered photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic/calcium‐overload‐mediated therapy. Moreover, it is found that the generation of hyperthermia and oxidative stress from Cu2O@CaCO3 nanocomposites can efficiently reprogram the macrophages from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype and initiate a vaccine‐like immune effect after primary tumor removal, which further induces an immune‐favorable TME and intense immune responses for anti‐CD47 antibody to simultaneously inhibit CRC distant metastasis and recurrence by immunotherapy.
Magnetorheological Fluid‐Based Flow Control for Soft Robots
Authors: McDonald Kevin , Rendos Abigail , Woodman Stephanie , Brown Keith A. , Ranzani Tommaso
Published: September 2020

Fluidic soft robots bring a high degree of dexterity and adaptability to robotics problems requiring safe interactions with complex structures. While they are low cost and easy to manufacture, they are difficult to control due to their typical reliance on external pressure sources that become bulky as more degrees of freedom are introduced to the robot. Various techniques from microfluidics and fluid logic are used to introduce valves into soft robots to increase their autonomy, although this has frequently introduced unwanted rigidity. Herein, a magnetorheological (MR) fluid valve that uses magnetic fields to control the pressure within a continuous‐flow fluidic actuator is introduced. A predictive model for the pressure drop in such a flow is presented and validated experimentally. Guidelines for the design of single‐ and multiactuator systems with a single inlet and outlet are presented. The introduction of actuation methods that simplify fluidic control via the application of magnetic fields leads to robots capable of increased autonomy in a scalable and compliant format.
The impact of cytogenetic risk on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: On behalf of the acute leukemia working party (ALWP) of the European group for blood and marrow transplantation (EBMT)
Authors: Poiani Monica , Labopin Myriam , Battipaglia Giorgia , Beelen Dietrich W. , Tischer Johanna , Finke Jürgen , Brecht Arne , Forcade Edouard , Ganser Arnold , Passweg Jakob R. , Labussiere‐Wallet Helene , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Schäfer‐Eckart Kerstin , Kroeger Nicolaus , Guffroy Blandine , Ruggeri Annalisa , Esteve Jordi , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad
Published: September 2020

Karyotypic analysis at time of diagnosis has an important value in determining initial response to treatment, remission duration and overall survival (OS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Less is known about its value before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) in patients transplanted with active disease, either relapsed or primary refractory (Rel‐Ref) AML. We explored the impact of cytogenetic risk (stratification according to MRC‐UK) in 2089 patients with either Ref (n = 972) or Rel AML (n = 1117) transplanted during the period 2000‐2017. Overall, 154 patients had a favorable risk, 1283 had an intermediate risk and 652 had an adverse cytogenetic risk. Median follow‐up was 49 months. Compared to the favorable risk group, intermediate and adverse risk patients were associated with worse leukemia‐free survival and OS and also with a higher incidence of relapse. In a subgroup analysis of patients in the intermediate risk group harboring Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3‐internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD), this remained an important prognostic factor, being associated with worse outcomes. When analyzing patients according to the intensity of the conditioning regimen, no differences were observed for the main transplant outcomes. In conclusion, in patients diagnosed with AML and transplanted with active disease, karyotype remains an important prognostic factor, allowing splitting patients into different risk groups according to their cytogenetics. Similarly, FLT3‐ITD mutation also remains a negative prognostic factor in this population.
Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity and myocardial tissue Doppler parameters predict mortality in a cohort of patients with sickle cell disease spanning from pediatric to adult age groups ‐ revisiting this controversial concept after 16 years of additional evidence
Authors: Shah Payal , Suriany Silvie , Kato Roberta , Bush Adam M. , Chalacheva Patjanaporn , Veluswamy Saranya , Denton Christopher C. , Russell Kelly , Khaleel Maha , Forman Henry J. , Khoo Michael C. K. , Sposto Richard , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C. , Detterich Jon
Published: September 2020

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic hemoglobinopathy associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary, vascular and sudden death are the reasons for the majority of young adult mortality in SCD. To better understand the clinical importance of multi‐level vascular dysfunction, in 2009 we assessed cardiac function including tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV), tissue velocity in systole(S′) and diastole (E′), inflammatory, rheologic and hemolytic biomarkers as predictors of mortality in patients with SCD. With up to 9 years of follow up, we determined survival in 95 children, adolescents and adults with SCD. Thirty‐eight patients (40%) were less than 21 years old at initial evaluation. Survival and Cox proportional‐hazards analysis were performed. There was 19% mortality in our cohort, with median age at death of 35 years. In the pediatric subset, there was 11% mortality during the follow up period. The causes of death included cardiovascular and pulmonary complications in addition to other end‐organ failure. On Cox proportional‐hazards analysis, our model predicts that a 0.1 m/s increase in TRV increases risk of mortality 3%, 1 cm/s increase in S′ results in a 91% increase, and 1 cm/s decrease in E′ results in a 43% increase in mortality. While excluding cardiac parameters, higher plasma free hemoglobin was significantly associated with risk of mortality (p=.049). In conclusion, elevated TRV and altered markers of cardiac systolic and diastolic function predict mortality in a cohort of adolescents and young adult patients with SCD. These predictors should be considered when counseling cardiovascular risk and therapeutic optimization at transition to adult providers.
Study on preparation and process of poly(MMA‐St) thermally expandablecore‐shellmicrospheres
Authors: Tian Sheng‐cai , Cao Jian‐xin , Xie Gui‐ming , Wang Ming‐wei , Shi Yong‐yong , Yi Yun , Yang Chun‐liang , Xiao Yi‐han , Wei Xian‐liang , Tian Bei‐ming , Ma Zi‐han
Published: September 2020

Thermally expandable microspheres were synthesized by the suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) in the presence of paraffin blowing agents. The effect of the monomer composition, the initiator, the blowing agent, the polymerization temperature on the morphology and structure of microspheres were studied. The results showed that AIBN initiated the water phase polymerization of MMA to form secondary polymer particles adsorbed on the surface of the microspheres. MMA diffused from the oil phase to the water phase, which accelerated the phase separation and facilitated the formation of core‐shell microspheres. However, LPO could not initiate the water phase polymerization, the phase separation was slow and there was an intermediate state with a porous surface. When the boiling point of the blowing agent was lower than the polymerization temperature, the microspheres were porous and there were a large number of holes on the surface.
Evaluation of the engineered polysaccharide alpha‐1,3 glucan in a thermoplastic polyurethane model system
Authors: Mok Jorge Wu , Behabtu Natnael , Lenges Christian , Sendijarevic Ibrahim , Sendijarevic Aisa
Published: September 2020

Enzymatic polymerization is under development as novel scalable process technology to convert sucrose to engineered polysaccharides. Similar to established monomer‐based polymerization processes, this approach allows for the synthesis of glucose‐based polymers with controlled polymer linkage, structure, and material morphology. Using enzymatic polymerization, alpha‐1,3‐polyglucose (glucan) can now be produced from sugar on scales required for industrial applications. This alpha‐1,3 glucan material, with accessible primary and secondary hydroxyl groups within the overall defined particle morphology, is especially of interest as a partially reactive component in polyurethane chemistry. This study explores the impact of alpha‐1,3‐glucan as additive in a thermoplastic polyurethane model system and the improvement in mechanical properties of these composites. Glucan was effectively first mixed with a polyether polyol diol, forming a stable dispersion with narrow particle size distribution, followed by reaction with diisocyanate and chain extender to form the polyurethane matrix. The analysis of the generated polyurethane matrix indicates that the hydroxyl groups of the dispersed glucan particles directly react with isocyanate. Tetrahydrofuran solubility of the formed polyurethane compound decreased with the addition of glucan, providing evidence of covalent bonding of glucan leading to cross‐linking of the polyurethane matrix. Thermal analysis of this model system suggests that the glucan additive induces hard segment crystallization, resulting in increased hardness and tensile modulus compared with the reference. Based on the observed property enhancements, engineered polysaccharides provide a sustainable performance additive for polyurethane materials.
The impact of publication on freshwater pearl mussel conservation: To conceal or to reveal the location of threatened habitats?
Authors: Popov Igor
Published: September 2020

The freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera, is a threatened species. One of the threats faced by this species is direct extermination by poachers, and therefore some researchers conceal information on the locations of pearl mussel habitats. For example, some researchers do not publish the names of the rivers where pearl mussels occur, whereas other researchers do.

Concealing the names of rivers containing pearl mussels makes them unknown not only to potential offenders but also to administrators, nature conservation practitioners, and ordinary citizens. As a result, no protection measures are undertaken, which is all the more regrettable as damage to pearl mussel habitats can occur accidentally.

Concealing details of the location of pearl mussel habitats in publications has an adverse impact on the work of specialists, as they do not have access to enough information to study and analyse the biology and distribution of these molluscs.

One river with pearl mussels in the Gulf of Finland was initially described anonymously (as ‘River B’). Unfortunately, the river was subject to severe human impact, and the largest aggregation of pearl mussels was almost exterminated in the process of constructing a new electric supply line.

Concealing information on pearl mussel habitats in the Russian section of the Baltic Sea basin was also shown to have been a poor decision. Although the threat from potential poachers was insignificant because of the low commercial value of pearl mussels, the authorities remained uninformed about the existence of valuable habitats.

The question of whether the locations of pearl mussel habitats should be concealed or revealed in scientific publications does not have an unambiguous answer and should be considered on a case‐to‐case basis; however, the cases for which disclosure is reasonable seem to be more numerous.