bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Gel‐assisted Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to 2‐Aryl‐1‐nitroalkanes with Sodium Borohydride.
Authors: BORCHARDT R. T.
Published: May 2016

Zahlreiche Nitrostyrole (I) werden mit Natriumboranat an Kieselgel zu den Nitroethanbenzolen (II) hydriert, analog entsteht das verzweigte Derivat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THIONE REDUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF FIVE‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES
Authors: WILLIAMS D. R. , MOORE J. L.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart von Azoisobutyronitril erhält man aus dem Thiono‐ester (I) mit Tributylzinnhydrid das entsprechende Reduktionsprodukt (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW APPROACH TO RETHROLONE SYNTHESIS
Authors: JONDIKO I. J. O. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von den Ketoestern (I) werden die olefinischen Diester (II) dargestellt, die zu den Maleinsäureanhydriden (III) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHESIS OF THE NAPHTHALENE CORE OF STREPTOVARICIN D VIA A SYNTHON OF THE AMINO CATION
Authors: TROST B. M. , PEARSON W. H.
Published: May 2016

m‐Kresol (I) wird nach Bromierung zu (II) in das Chinon (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLATION OF O‐METHOXYBENZODIOXAHETEROCYCLES AND SYNTHESIS OF β‐AMINO KETONES FROM ACETYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: DAUKSHAS V. K. , UDRENAITE E. B. , KULESHYUS V. A.
Published: May 2016

Die 0‐Methoxybenzodioxaheterocyclen (I) reagieren in Abhängigkeit von der Ringgröße bei der Formylierung und Acetylierung zu verschiedenen Gemischen von 0‐ bzw. p‐substituierten Verbindungen (II)/(III) bzw. (IV)/(V).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC METALS: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF BIS(1,3‐BENZODITHIOLE‐2‐YLDIENE)ETHANE (BI(BENZO‐1,3‐DITHIAFULVEN‐6‐YL))
Authors: BRYCE M. R.
Published: May 2016

Mit dem Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran (II) kondensiert das Benzoldithiol (I) zur Verbindung (III), die über das Dikation (IV) in die impTitel genannte Verbindung (V) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐DISUBSTITUTED 2‐AMINOTHIAZOLE‐5‐CARBOXALDEHYDES: PREPARATION AND INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES
Authors: GILLON D. W. , FORREST I. J. , MEAKINS G. D. , TIREL M. D. , WALLIS J. D.
Published: May 2016

Die auf unterschiedlichen Wegen darstellbaren N,N‐disubstituierten Aminothiazole (I) (Synthesewege beschrieben) werden in die entsprechenden Aldehyde (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Search for New Hypoglycemic Agents. Part 7. Coumarinylsulphonyl Ureas, Semicarbazides and Semicarbazones.
Authors: HUSAIN M. I. , GUPTA K. B.
Published: May 2016

Aus 4,5,7‐Trimethyl‐cumarin wird über das Sulfo‐ Chlorid (I) das Sulfonylcarbamat (III) hergestellt, aus dem die Derivate (V) und (VII) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NIMODIPINE: SYNTHESIS AND METABOLIC PATHWAY
Authors: MEYER H. , WEHINGER E. , BOSSERT F. , SCHERLING D.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Aminocrotonester (I) und dem Arylidenacetessigester (II) wird Nimodipin (III), ein Calcium‐Antagonist ,mit besonderer Wirkung auf die Gehirngefäße, hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active (Purinyl‐9)‐α‐amino Acids.
Authors: PORITERE S. E. , SHLUKE YA. YA. , LIDAK M. YU. , KILEVITSA M. K.
Published: May 2016

Die Kondensation des 5‐Amino‐4,6‐dichlorpyrimidins (I) mit den optisch aktiven Diaminocarbonsäuren (II) führt zu Pyrimidyldiaminocarbonsäuren (III), die mit Orthoameisensäureethylester zu 6‐Chlorpurinyl‐aminocarbonsäuren (IV) cyclisiert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, SYNTHESIS AND MASS SPECTRAL STUDIES OF 3‐(P‐NITROPHENYL)THIAZOLO(2,3‐C)(1,2,4)TRIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ALAKA B. V. , PATNAIK D. , ROUT M. K.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Hydrazino‐thiazol (I) und den β‐Dicarbonyl‐Verbindungen (II) entstehen die Thiazolo‐triazepine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: S‐((O,O‐DIALKYLDITHIOPHOSPHORYL)ACYL)THIOGLYCOLIC ACID HYDRAZIDES
Authors: BELOVA L. A. , MANDEL'BAUM YA. A. , SOIFER R. S. , LOROLEVA T. I.
Published: May 2016

Die (O ,O‐Dialkyl‐dithio‐phosphory1)‐alkylcarbonsäure‐chloride (I) reagieren mit Thioglykolsäurehydrazid (II) hauptsächlich zu den phosphorylierten Acylthioglykolsäure‐hydraziden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF THIO ESTERS OF PHOSPHORUS(III) ACIDS WITH α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: SINYASHIK O. G. , SINYASHINA T. N. , BATYEVA E. S. , PUDOVIK A. N. , OFITSEROV E. N.
Published: May 2016

Das Phosphinit (I) reagiert mit Acryl‐ oder Methacrylsäure (II) zu den Phosphinoxiden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIALKYL N‐BUTYL‐N‐ISOBUTENYLAMIDOPHOSPHITES WITH ACIDS AND PHENOLS
Authors: GRYAZNOV P. I. , KIBARDIN A. M. , GAZIZOV T. KH. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Dialkyl‐N‐butyl‐N‐isobutenylamidophosphite (I) reagieren mit Carbonsäuren (II) zu Acylphosphiten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF S‐((O‐PHENYL O‐ALKYL DITHIOPHOSPHORYL)ACETYL)THIOGLYCOLIC ACIDS
Authors: BELOVA L. A. , MANDEL'BAUM YA. A. , SOIFER R. S. , KOROLEVA T. I.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Kaliumsalzen (I) und Monochloressigsäure (II) entstehen die phosphorylierten Thioglykolsäuren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF GERMYLENEAMINES, DIGERMYLAMINES, AND CYCLOGERMAZANES COMPARED WITH ISOMERIC NITRONES AND OXAZIRIDINES
Authors: RIVIERE‐BAUDET M. , RIVIERE P. , CASTEL A. , LACRAMPE G. , SATGE J.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion von Nitronen (I) mit acyclischen Germylaminen (II), die wie auch die folgenden Reaktionen in Benzol oder deuteriertem Benzol erfolgt, führt zu Einlagerungsverbindungen (III), deren Stabilität diskutiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF BIS(IMINODIACETATE)NICKELATES
Authors: LUKES I. , EBERT M. , SMIDOVA I.
Published: May 2016

Nach bekannter Methode durch Umsetzung von Iminodiessigsäure, Ni‐carbonat und entsprechenden Hydroxiden werden neben den bekannten Derivaten (Ia) die Produkte (Ib) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSFER OF CYCLOPENTADIENYL GROUPS BETWEEN PLATINUM ATOMS
Authors: CROSS R. J. , MCLENNAN A. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Substitution eines Chloridliganden in den cis‐Dichloro‐Pt(II)‐Komplexen (I) durch ein Cyclopentadienyl aus T1(C5 H5) oder Hg(C5‐H5)2 führt ausschließlich zu den trans‐o‐Cyclopentadienyl‐phosphin‐Komplexen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: RING‐A OXYGENATED DERIVATIVES OF 5α‐ AND 5β‐CARDENOLIDES
Authors: TEMPLETON J. F. , CHEUNG H. T. A. , SHAM C. R. , WATSON T. R. , JIE K.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird zunächst in die Za‐substituierten Derivate (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: DISTRIBUTION OF TAUTOMERS IN ACYLATED KETOSES. AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN KETOSIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: KRASKA B. , LICHTEL R.
Published: May 2016

Die Ketosen (Ia)‐(Id) werden Acetylierungs‐ und Benzoylierungsreaktionen unterworfen.
Discovery of Diverse Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Mammalian Sterile20‐like Kinase 3 (MST3)
Authors: Olesen Sanne H. , Zhu Jin‐Yi , Martin Mathew P. , Schönbrunn Ernst
Published: May 2016

Increasing evidence suggests key roles for members of the mammalian Sterile20‐like (MST) family of kinases in many aspects of biology. MST3 is a member of the STRIPAK complex, the deregulation of which has recently been associated with cancer cell migration and metastasis. Targeting MST3 with small‐molecule inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of certain cancers, but little information exists on the potential of kinase inhibitor scaffolds to engage with MST3. In this study we screened MST3 against a library of 277 kinase inhibitors using differential scanning fluorimetry and confirmed 14 previously unknown MST3 inhibitors by X‐ray crystallography. These compounds, of which eight are in clinical trials or FDA approved, comprise nine distinct chemical scaffolds that inhibit MST3 enzymatic activity with IC50 values between 0.003 and 23 μm. The structure–activity relationships explain the differential inhibitory activity of these compounds against MST3 and the structural basis for high binding potential, the information of which may serve as a framework for the rational design of MST3‐selective inhibitors as potential therapeutics and to interrogate the function of this enzyme in diseased cells.
Whole‐Genome Sequencing Analysis Using Next‐Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Ho Chi Kent , Cui Xiaohui , Grubner Sharon , Larson Christopher A. , Wei Ying , Flook Paul K.
Published: May 2016

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized the biosciences and become invaluable to the discovery of gene function and its involvement in disease conditions. The fast pace of innovation in NGS technologies has enabled the production of huge volumes of sequence data at progressively lower cost. However, the increasing throughput combined with the growing accessibility of these technologies poses significant challenges for downstream data analysis. Here, we provide an overview of NGS methods and key secondary analysis pipelines with a focus on technology provided by Illumina. As a case study, we highlight potential applications in cancer research. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Building a Bridge across the Conflict Theory‐Practice Gap: Comprehensive Conflict Engagement in Community Contexts
Authors: Reimers Birthe C.
Published: May 2016

This article introduces the comprehensive conflict engagement model (CCEM) to bridge the theory‐practice gap that has been an ongoing challenge in the field of conflict resolution. It develops the conceptual framework undergirding theCCEM, sets the stage for concurrently collecting data and engaging community‐based conflict using this model, and provides an example of one possible application of the model through Photovoice, a participatory action research methodology new to the conflict resolution field. TheCCEMcan be applied in a variety of settings and through different methodologies to engage conflicts where issues of diversity are a source of ongoing tensions.
Exploring Helpful Tensions between Divorce Mediators and Clients: A Relational Dialectical Analysis
Authors: Baitar Rachid , De Mol Jan , Rober Peter
Published: May 2016

Addressing calls for more mediation process research, this qualitative study explored which contradictory tensions are in play in a helpful working relationship between mediators and their clients. Data were collected in semistructured interviews with divorce mediators (n = 12). Relational dialectical analysis detailed how divorce mediators varied practice styles along the central opposing pulls of client self‐determination and professional control, neutrality and engagement, and efficiency and exploration. The findings counterbalance traditional hallmarks of mediation and highlight a range of dynamic truths in which mediators operate. Methodological limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
A stationary wavelet transform approach to compressed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio
Authors: El‐Khamy Said E. , Abd‐el‐Malek Mina B. , Kamel Sara H.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we introduce the implementation of the stationary wavelet transform in compressive sensing, particularly in spectrum sensing and edge detection in cognitive radio. We also review the different forms of the compressive sensing basis matrix, providing a comparative study of their performance, with emphasis on the matrices implementing the discrete wavelet transform, the stationary wavelet transform, and their multiscale counterparts. The results presented in this paper show that, using the stationary wavelet transform, we can reach the performance level and error rate obtained by the discrete wavelet transform using only half the samples required by the latter to attain the same performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal separation followed by isolation‐housing differentially affects prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bailoo Jeremy D. , Varholick Justin A. , Garza Xavier J. , Jordan Richard L. , Hintze Sara
Published: May 2016

Exposure to chronic stress is associated with an increased incidence of neuropsychiatric dysfunction. The current study evaluated two competing hypotheses, the cumulative stress and the match/mismatch hypothesis of neuropsychiatric dysfunction, using two paradigms relating to exposure to “stress”: pre‐weaning maternal separation and post‐weaning isolation‐housing. C57BL/6 offspring were reared under four conditions: typical animal facility rearing (AFR, control), early handling (EH, daily 15 min separation from dam), maternal separation (MS, daily 4 hr separation from dam), and maternal and peer separation (MPS, daily 4 hr separation from dam and from littermates). After weaning, mice were either housed socially (2–3/cage) or in isolation (1/cage) and then tested for prepulse inhibition in adulthood. Isolation‐housed MPS subjects displayed greater deficits in prepulse inhibition relative to socially‐housed MPS subjects while socially‐housed AFR subjects displayed greater deficits in prepulse inhibition relative to isolation‐housed AFR subjects. The results indicate that these treatment conditions represent a potentially valuable model for evaluating the match/mismatch hypothesis in regards to neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
The Arctic oscillation, climatic variability, and biotic factors influenced seedling dynamics in a Caribbean moist forest
Authors: McLaren Kurt , Monroe Setu , Wilson Byron
Published: May 2016

We assessed the influence of the Arctic oscillation (AO) on local climate (using data from 2004 to 2009), their influence and the effects of heterospecific density on seedling dynamics (from January 2006 to August 2009), using data from 120 25‐m2 subplots established in a moist tropical forest over limestone in Jamaica. The AO index (AOI) had a positive nonlinear relationship with mean monthly rainfall and the number of days with rain. Also, there was a significant increase in mean monthly atmospheric temperature in 2006, which coincided with a global temperature increase. Overall, at the community level, as temperature increased, mortality increased and then decreased. Also, mortality was significantly lower in plots with higher densities and those that experienced the positive phase of the AO. The effect of the AO on relative growth rate (RGR) of height (RGRh) varied as the AOI increased from negative to positive, while the number of days with rainfall had a positive effect on recruitment. However, these relationships differed during three six‐month and two 12‐month sample periods. There was a drought during the first period (dry season) during the negative phase of the AO; consequently, mortality was highest during this period. As the AOI increased (negative to positive), both mortality and RGRh declined while recruitment increased, culminating in a high‐recruitment event. In addition, as the number of days with rainfall increased, RGR of diameter (RGRd) values were more positive (indicating that moisture stress was alleviated). During the second period (wet season), mortality increased as seedling density increased (possibly due to increased competition). Additionally, elevated temperature had a significant negative effect on RGRh (again, possibly due to increased competition or due to elevated respiratory carbon loss at higher growth temperatures). After the first two censuses, temperature and the AO influenced dynamics marginally, and seedling heterospecific density became increasingly important (lower mortality at higher densities). At the population level, the number of days with rainfall was the most frequent predictor of dynamics followed by temperature, AO, density and rainfall, and they were largely beneficial.
Frank Ruschitzka MD FESC FRCP shares some thoughts on the future direction of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Ozkan Judith
Published: May 2016

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the interviewee.
The N‐Hydroxymethyl Group as a Traceless Activating Group for the CAL‐B‐Catalysed Ring Cleavage of β‐Lactams: A Type of Two‐Step Cascade Reaction
Authors: Forró Enikő , Galla Zsolt , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: May 2016

An efficient enzymatic two‐step cascade procedure has been devised for rapid access to diverse amino acids from N‐hydroxymethyl‐β‐lactams; representative amino acids include the antifungal agent cispentacin, intermediates for the taxol side‐chain, and assorted cathepsin inhibitors. When CAL‐B‐catalysed hydrolyses of racemic N‐hydroxymethyl‐β‐lactams were performed with H2O (0.5 equiv.) in iPr2O at 60 °C, relatively quick (vs. non‐activated counterparts) and enantioselective (E > 200) ring cleavage reactions took place. As the ring‐opened amino acids formed, the hydroxymethyl group, as a traceless activating group, underwent spontaneous in situ degradation. Consequently, the desired β‐amino acid and unreacted N‐hydroxymethyl‐β‐lactam enantiomers (ee > 95 %) were formed. The formation of polymers, induced by liberation of formaldehyde, was successfully restricted by the addition of benzylamine as a capture agent, to the enzymatic reactions.
Silver‐Catalyzed Denitrative Sulfonylation of β‐Nitrostyrenes: A Conve­nient Approach to (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones
Authors: Keshari Twinkle , Kapoorr Ritu , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: May 2016

The first utilization of β‐nitrostyrenes (readily available by the Henry reaction) for a highly stereoselective, convenient, and catalytic synthesis of (E)‐vinyl sulfones at room temperature was investigated. The protocol involves efficient silver‐catalyzed denitrative radical cross‐coupling of β‐nitrostyrenes and sodium sulfinates by using potassium persulfate as an additive to complete the catalytic cycle.
Synthesis of a Crushed Fullerene C60H24 through Sixfold Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation
Authors: Dorel Ruth , de Mendoza Paula , Calleja Pilar , Pascual Sergio , González‐Cantalapiedra Esther , Cabello Noemí , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of a new C3v‐symmetric crushed fullerene C60H24 (5) has been accomplished in three steps from truxene through sixfold palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation of a syn‐trialkylated truxene precursor. Laser irradiation of 5 induces cyclodehydrogenation processes that result in the formation of C60, as detected by LDI‐MS.
Psychological correlates of acute postsurgical pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sobol‐Kwapinska M. , Bąbel P. , Plotek W. , Stelcer B.
Published: May 2016

Due to the frequency of surgeries, acute postsurgical pain (APSP) is a common problem. However, the role of psychological factors in the experience of this kind of pain has not been well established. In this review, we focused on presurgical psychological factors associated with the experience of APSP. A systematic search of articles was performed using PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and DARE. For each study, we assessed the risk of bias, the level of evidence, the corresponding score points and the degree of association with APSP. Separate meta‐analyses were performed for the selected variables. Fifty‐three relevant publications were selected. Pain catastrophizing, optimism, expectation of pain, neuroticism, anxiety (state and trait), negative affect and depression were classified as likely associated with APSP. Only one of the analysed psychological variables – locus of control – was recognized as shown unlikely association with APSP. Results of meta‐analyses suggested that pain catastrophizing was most strongly linked with APSP. Results of the studies reviewed suggest that patients who do not exaggerate the negative aspects of the situation and who have positive expectation of the future before undergoing surgery report lower levels of APSP than patients who catastrophize pain and expect negative events in the future. An increasing interest in preoperative positive psychological variables has been observed over the last few years in studies of surgical patients.

What does this review add?

Pain catastrophizing, optimism, expectation of pain, neuroticism, anxiety (state and trait), negative affect and depression were classified as likely associated with acute postsurgical pain, and locus of control was classified as unlikely associated with acute postsurgical pain.

Anxiety was the psychological variable most frequently measured before surgery.

Pain catastrophizing was most strongly linked with acute postsurgical pain.
Photoelectroanalytical Sensor Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles/Copper Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine for Detection of Dopamine Exploiting Light Emitting Diode Irradiation
Authors: Yotsumoto Neto Sakae , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita , Santos Damos Flávio
Published: May 2016

In this manuscript, a novel photoelectroanalytical sensor for detection of dopamine based on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles sensitized with copper tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CuTsPc/TiO2) was developed. The CuTsPc/TiO2 photoelectroanalytical sensor shows high anodic photocurrent under visible light emitting diode irradiation in comparison to pure anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The CuTsPc/TiO2 composite shows a photocurrent about 2.5‐fold higher than those of pure TiO2 nanoparticles or CuTsPc modified electrode. The CuTsPc/TiO2 composite shows a low charge transfer resistance in comparison to its individual components as well as the impedance circle radius decreases significantly under UV light illumination. Under optimized conditions, the photoelectroanalytical sensor shows a linear response range from 4 up to 810 µmol L−1 with a sensitivity of 3.0 nA L µmol−1 and limit of detection of 0.5 µmol L−1 for the detection of dopamine. The photoelectrochemical sensor shows high photocurrent to dopamine in comparison to foreign species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, glucose, K+, Na+, and Cl−.
Electrochemical Oxidation of the Antiretroviral Drug Nelfinavir on Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes
Authors: Asturias‐Arribas Laura , Delfino Mario Raúl , Alonso‐Lomillo M. Asunción , Domínguez‐Renedo Olga , Arcos‐Martínez M. Julia
Published: May 2016

This paper describes the voltammetric study of the electrochemical oxidation of the antiretroviral drug Nelfinavir using a screen‐printed sensor modified with carbon nanotubes. The performance of the sensor in the determination of the drug was characterized in terms of precision (RSD 5.05 %, n=5) and capability of detection (10.99±0.87 μM for α=β=0.05, n=5) under optimized voltammetric conditions of pH, accumulation time and potential, in the calibration range from 10 to 150 μM of NFV. In order to check the viability of the device, the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical and biological samples was carried out and its performance was also validated comparing it with HPLC.
Large‐scale brain networks are distinctly affected in right and left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: de Campos Brunno Machado , Coan Ana Carolina , Lin Yasuda Clarissa , Casseb Raphael Fernandes , Cendes Fernando
Published: May 2016

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampus sclerosis (HS) is associated with functional and structural alterations extending beyond the temporal regions and abnormal pattern of brain resting state networks (RSNs) connectivity. We hypothesized that the interaction of large‐scale RSNs is differently affected in patients with right‐ and left‐MTLE with HS compared to controls. We aimed to determine and characterize these alterations through the analysis of 12 RSNs, functionally parceled in 70 regions of interest (ROIs), from resting‐state functional‐MRIs of 99 subjects (52 controls, 26 right‐ and 21 left‐MTLE patients with HS). Image preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using UF2C‐toolbox, which provided ROI‐wise results for intranetwork and internetwork connectivity. Intranetwork abnormalities were observed in the dorsal default mode network (DMN) in both groups of patients and in the posterior salience network in right‐MTLE. Both groups showed abnormal correlation between the dorsal‐DMN and the posterior salience, as well as between the dorsal‐DMN and the executive‐control network. Patients with left‐MTLE also showed reduced correlation between the dorsal‐DMN and visuospatial network and increased correlation between bilateral thalamus and the posterior salience network. The ipsilateral hippocampus stood out as a central area of abnormalities. Alterations on left‐MTLE expressed a low cluster coefficient, whereas the altered connections on right‐MTLE showed low cluster coefficient in the DMN but high in the posterior salience regions. Both right‐ and left‐MTLE patients with HS have widespread abnormal interactions of large‐scale brain networks; however, all parameters evaluated indicate that left‐MTLE has a more intricate bihemispheric dysfunction compared to right‐MTLE. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3137–3152, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ecohydrological imprint of deforestation in the semiarid Chaco: insights from the last forest remnants of a highly cultivated landscape
Authors: Giménez Raúl , Mercau Jorge , Nosetto Marcelo , Páez Ricardo , Jobbágy Esteban
Published: May 2016

The semiarid Chaco plains present one of the highest rates of forest clearing and agricultural expansion of the world. In other semiarid plains, such massive vegetation replacements initiated a groundwater recharge and salt mobilization process that, after decades, raised regional water tables and salts to the surface, degrading agricultural and natural ecosystems. Indirect evidence suggests that this process (known as dryland salinity) began in the Chaco plains. Multiple approaches (deep soil profiles, geoelectric surveys and monitoring of groundwater salinity, level and isotopic composition) were combined to assess the dryland salinity status in one of the oldest and most active agricultural hotspots of the region, where isolated forest remnants occupy an extremely flat cultivated matrix. Full vadose moisture and chloride profiles from paired agriculture‐forest stands (17 profiles, six sites) revealed the following: a generalized onset of deep drainage with cultivation (32 to >87 mm year−1), full leaching of native chloride pools (13.7 ± 2.5 kg m−2) down to the water table after >40 years following clearing and differential groundwater table rises (0.7 to 2 m shallower water tables under agriculture than under neighbouring forests). Continuous level monitoring showed abrupt water table rises under annual crops (up to 2.6 m in 15 days) not seen under forests or pastures. Varying deep drainage rates and groundwater isotopic composition under agricultural plots suggest that these pulses are strongly modulated by crop choices and sequences. In contrast to other dryland salinity‐affected areas of the world, forest remnants in the study area (10–20% of the area) are not only surviving the observed hydrological shifts but also sustaining active salty groundwater transpirative discharge, as evidenced by continuous water table records. The overall impact of these forest remnants on lowering neighbouring water tables would be limited by the low hydraulic conductivity of the sediments. As highly cultivated areas of the Chaco evolve to new hydrological conditions of shallower saline water tables, innovative crop rotations that minimize recharge, enhance transpirative discharge and tolerate salinity will be needed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive SERS analysis of the cyclic Arg–Gly–Asp peptide ligands of cells using nanogap antennas
Authors: Portela Alejandro , Yano Taka‐aki , Santschi Christian , Martin Olivier J. F. , Tabata Hitoshi , Hara Masahiko
Published: May 2016

The cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide ligands of cells have become widely used for treating several cancers. We report a highly sensitive analysis of c(RGDfC) using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using single dimer nanogap antennas in aqueous environment. Good agreement between characteristic peaks of the SERS and the Raman spectra of bulk c(RGDfC) with its peptide's constituents were observed. The exhibited blinking of the SERS spectra and synchronization of intensity fluctuations, suggest that the SERS spectra acquired from single dimer nanogap antennas was dominated by the spectrum of single to a few molecules. SERS spectra of c(RGDfC) could be used to detect at the nanoscale, the cells' transmembrane proteins binding to its ligand.

SERS of cyclic RGD on nanogap antenna.

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SERS of cyclic RGD on nanogap antenna.
Multiparametric evaluation of hindlimb ischemia using time‐series indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Guang Huizhi , Cai Chuangjian , Zuo Simin , Cai Wenjuan , Zhang Jiulou , Luo Jianwen
Published: May 2016

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can further cause lower limb ischemia. Quantitative evaluation of the vascular perfusion in the ischemic limb contributes to diagnosis of PAD and preclinical development of new drug. In vivo time‐series indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging can noninvasively monitor blood flow and has a deep tissue penetration. The perfusion rate estimated from the time‐series ICG images is not enough for the evaluation of hindlimb ischemia. The information relevant to the vascular density is also important, because angiogenesis is an essential mechanism for post‐ischemic recovery. In this paper, a multiparametric evaluation method is proposed for simultaneous estimation of multiple vascular perfusion parameters, including not only the perfusion rate but also the vascular perfusion density and the time‐varying ICG concentration in veins. The target method is based on a mathematical model of ICG pharmacokinetics in the mouse hindlimb. The regression analysis performed on the time‐series ICG images obtained from a dynamic reflectance fluorescence imaging system. The results demonstrate that the estimated multiple parameters are effective to quantitatively evaluate the vascular perfusion and distinguish hypo‐perfused tissues from well‐perfused tissues in the mouse hindlimb. The proposed multiparametric evaluation method could be useful for PAD diagnosis.

The estimated perfusion rate and vascular perfusion density maps (left) and the time‐varying ICG concentration in veins of the ankle region (right) of the normal and ischemic hindlimbs.

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The estimated perfusion rate and vascular perfusion density maps (left) and the time‐varying ICG concentration in veins of the ankle region (right) of the normal and ischemic hindlimbs.
Photosensitized singlet oxygen generation and detection: Recent advances and future perspectives in cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Buhong , Lin Lisheng , Lin Huiyun , Wilson Brian C.
Published: May 2016

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers and visible light in combination with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill malignant cells by apoptosis and/or necrosis, shut down the tumor microvasculature and stimulate the host immune system. The excited singlet state of oxygen (1O2) is recognized to be the main cytotoxic ROS generated during PDT for the majority of photosensitizers used clinically and for many investigational new agents, so that maximizing its production within tumor cells and tissues can improve the therapeutic response, and several emerging and novel approaches for this are summarized. Quantitative techniques for1O2production measurement during photosensitization are also of immense importance of value for both preclinical research and future clinical practice. In this review, emerging strategies for enhanced photosensitized1O2generation are introduced, while recent advances in direct detection and imaging of1O2luminescence are summarized. In addition, the correlation between cumulative1O2luminescence and PDT efficiency will be highlighted. Meanwhile, the validation of1O2luminescence dosimetry for PDT application is also considered. This review concludes with a discussion on future demands of1O2luminescence detection for PDT dosimetry, with particular emphasis on clinical translation.

Eye‐catching color image for graphical abstract.

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Micro‐break activities at work to recover from daily work demands
Authors: Kim Sooyeol , Park YoungAh , Niu Qikun
Published: May 2016

Recovery literature has focused predominantly on recovery processes outside the workplace during nonwork times. Considering a lack of research on momentary recovery at work, we examined four categories of micro‐break activities—relaxation, nutrition‐intake, social, and cognitive activities—as possible recovery mechanisms in the workplace. Using effort recovery and conservation of resources theories, we hypothesized that micro‐break activities attenuate the common stressor–strain relationship between work demands and negative affect. For 10 consecutive workdays, 86 South Korean office workers (842 data points) reported their specific daily work demands right after their lunch hour (Time 1) and then reported their engagement in micro‐break activities during the afternoon and negative affective state at the end of the workday (Time 2). As expected, relaxation and social activities reduced the effects of work demands on end‐of‐workday negative affect. Nutrition intake of beverages and snacks did not have a significant moderating effect. Post hoc analyses, however, revealed that only caffeinated beverages reduced work demands effects on negative affect. Unexpectedly, cognitive activities aggravated the effects of work demands on negative affect. The findings indicate not only the importance of taking micro‐breaks but also which types of break activities are beneficial for recovery. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Greenland Blocking Index 1851–2015: a regional climate change signal
Authors: Hanna Edward , Cropper Thomas E. , Hall Richard J. , Cappelen John
Published: May 2016

We present an extended monthly and seasonal Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) from January 1851 to December 2015, which more than doubles the length of the existing published GBI series. We achieve this by homogenizing the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2c‐based GBI and splicing it with the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis‐based GBI. For the whole time period, there are significant decreases in GBI in autumn, October and November, and no significant monthly, seasonal or annual increases. More recently, since 1981 there are significant GBI increases in all seasons and annually, with the strongest monthly increases in July and August. A recent clustering of high GBI values is evident in summer, when 7 of the top 11 values in the last 165 years – including the two latest years 2014 and 2015 – occurred since 2007. Also, 2010 is the highest GBI year in the annual, spring, winter and December series but 2011 is the record low GBI value in the spring and April series. Moreover, since 1851 there have been significant increases in GBI variability in May and especially December. December has also shown a significant clustering of extreme high and low GBI values since 2001, mirroring a similar, recently identified phenomenon in the December North Atlantic Oscillation index, suggesting a related driving mechanism. We discuss changes in hemispheric circulation that are associated with high compared with low GBI conditions. Our GBI time series should be useful for climatologists and other scientists interested in aspects and impacts of Arctic variability and change.
Baseline cartilage quality is associated with voxel‐based T1ρ and T2 following ACL reconstruction: A multicenter pilot study
Authors: Russell Colin , Pedoia Valentina , Amano Keiko , Potter Hollis , Majumdar Sharmila ,   AF‐ACL Consortium
Published: May 2016

In this multi‐center study, voxel‐based relaxometry (VBR), a novel technique to automatically quantify localized cartilage change, was used to investigate T1ρ and T2 relaxation times of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears at the time of injury and 6 months after reconstructive surgery. Sixty‐four ACL‐injured patients from three sites underwent bilateral 3T MR T1ρ and T2 mapping; 56 patients returned 6 months after surgery. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal VBR comparisons of relaxation times were calculated. Noyes Score (NS) clinical grades of cartilage lesions were noted at both times and correlated with relaxation times. Lastly, patients were divided into two groups based on baseline NS grades in the injured knee. T1ρ times of each group were assessed with VBR and compared. Results illustrate the feasibility of VBR for efficiently analyzing data from patients at different sites. Significant relaxation time elevations at baseline were observed in the injured knee compared to the uninjured, particularly in the posterolateral tibia (pLT). Longitudinally, a decrease was observed in the pLT and patella, while an increase was noted in the trochlea. Stratifying patients by baseline lesion presence revealed T1ρ increased more 6 months after surgery in patients with lesions. Such findings propose that the presence of cartilage lesions at baseline are associated with the longitudinal progression of T1ρ and T2 after ACL injury, and may contribute to early cartilage degeneration. Furthermore, the speed and localized specificity of automatic VBR analysis may translate well for clinical application, as seen in this multicenter study. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:688–698, 2017.
Use of quantum rods for display applications
Authors: Hasegawa Masaki , Hirayama Yuki
Published: May 2016

We examined the use of quantum rods (QRs) in two configurations for display applications, including the backlight and emissive color pixels for liquid crystal and organic light‐emitting diode displays, respectively. For the backlight, we used an electrospun nanofiber sheet embedded with QRs, and found the nanofiber‐aligned sheet showed polarized emission with a very high outcoupling efficiency. We then fabricated emissive color pixels with QRs using an inkjet printer, and evaluated their optical properties. The color gamut area size was 82% of the BT2020 standard and the overlap with it was 69%.
On n‐dependent groups and fields
Authors: Hempel Nadja
Published: May 2016

First, an example of a 2‐dependent group without a minimal subgroup of bounded index is given. Second, all infinite n‐dependent fields are shown to be Artin‐Schreier closed. Furthermore, the theory of any non separably closed PAC field has the IPn property for all natural numbers n and certain properties of dependent (NIP) valued fields extend to the n‐dependent context.
A decidable paraconsistent relevant logic: Gentzen system and Routley‐Meyer semantics
Authors: Kamide Norihiro
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the positive fragment of the logic of contraction‐less relevant implication is extended with the addition of a paraconsistent negation connective similar to the strong negation connective in Nelson's paraconsistent four‐valued logic . This extended relevant logic is called , and it has the property of constructible falsity which is known to be a characteristic property of . A Gentzen‐type sequent calculus for is introduced, and the cut‐elimination and decidability theorems for are proved. Two extended Routley‐Meyer semantics are introduced for , and the completeness theorems with respect to these semantics are proved.
Making Nonwoven Fibrous Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Constructs for Antimicrobial and Tissue Engineering Applications by Pressurized Melt Gyration
Authors: Xu Zewen , Mahalingam Sunthar , Basnett Pooja , Raimi‐Abraham Bahijja , Roy Ipsita , Craig Duncan , Edirisinghe Mohan
Published: May 2016

A pressurized melt gyration process has been used for the first time to generate poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers. Gyration speed, working pressure, and melt temperature are varied and these parameters influence the fiber diameter and the temperature enabled changing the surface morphology of the fibers. Two types of nonwoven PCL fiber constructs are prepared. First, Ag‐doped PCL is studied for antibacterial activity using Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms. The melt temperature used to make these constructs significantly influences antibacterial activity. Neat PCL nonwoven scaffolds are also prepared and their potential for application in muscular tissue engineering is studied with myoblast cells. Results show significant cell attachment, growth, and proliferation of cells on the scaffolds.

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Characterizations of the boundedness of generalized fractional maximal functions and related operators in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Dalmasso Estefanía , Pradolini Gladis
Published: May 2016

Given and a Young function η, we consider the generalized fractional maximal operator defined by
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201500167:mana201500167-math-0003where the supremum is taken over every ball B contained in . In this article, we give necessary and sufficient Dini type conditions on the functions , and η such that is bounded from the Orlicz space into the Orlicz space . We also present a version of this result for open subsets of with finite measure. Both results generalize those contained in and when , respectively. As a consequence, we obtain a characterization of the functions involved in the boundedness of the higher order commutators of the fractional integral operator with BMO symbols. Moreover, we give sufficient conditions that guarantee the continuity in Orlicz spaces of a large class of fractional integral operators of convolution type with less regular kernels and their commutators, which are controlled by .
Protein biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: Focus on cerebrospinal fluid markers and synaptic proteins
Authors: Halbgebauer Steffen , Öckl Patrick , Wirth Katharina , Steinacker Petra , Otto Markus
Published: May 2016

Despite extensive research, to date, no validated biomarkers for PD have been found. This review seeks to summarize studies approaching the detection of biomarker candidates for PD and introduce promising ones in more detail, with special attention to synaptic proteins. To this end, we performed a PubMed search and included studies using proteomic tools (2‐dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis and/or mass spectrometry) for the comparison of samples from PD and control patients. We found 27 studies reporting more than 500 differentially expressed proteins in which a total of 28 were detected in 2 and 17 in 3 or more independent studies, including posttranslationally modified proteins. In addition, of these 500 proteins, 25 were found to be brain specific, and 14 were enriched in synapses. Special attention was given to the applicability of the biomarker regarding sampling procedures, that is, using CSF/serum material for diagnosis. Furthermore, presynaptic proteins involved in vesicle membrane fusion seem to be interesting candidates for future analyses. Nonetheless, even though such promising biomarker candidates for PD exist, validation of these biomarkers in large‐scale clinical studies is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic potential. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole‐3‐carbinol from cruciferous vegetables, but not furanocoumarins from apiaceous vegetables, reduced PhIP‐induced DNA adducts in Wistar rats
Authors: Kim Jae Kyeom , Gallaher Daniel D. , Chen Chi , Gallaher Cynthia M. , Yao Dan , Trudo Sabrina P.
Published: May 2016

Scope

We previously showed that apiaceous but not cruciferous vegetables reduced DNA adducts formed by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4, 5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in rats. Here, we report the effects of the putative chemopreventive phytochemicals from these vegetables on PhIP metabolism and DNA adduct formation.

Methods and results

Rats received three supplemented diets: P + I (phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole‐3‐carbinol), furanocoumarins (FC, 5‐methoxypsoralen, 8‐methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin), and combination (P + I and FC). Phytochemical supplementation matched the levels in vegetables fed in our previous study. After 6 days, rats were injected with PhIP (10 mg/kg body wt) and killed after 24‐h urine collection. Compared to the control, P + I increased activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (10.1‐fold), CYP1A2 (3.62‐fold), and sulfotransferase 1A1 (2.70‐fold). The combination diet also increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity. Urinary metabolomics revealed that PhIP metabolite profiles generally agreed with biotransformation enzyme activities. P + I and combination diets reduced PhIP‐DNA adducts by 43.5 and 24.1%, respectively, whereas FC had no effect on adducts, compared to the control diet.

Conclusion

Effects of phytochemicals on metabolic outcomes and markers of carcinogenesis might differ from fresh vegetables, thus limiting the inferences that one can draw from the effects of purified phytochemicals on the health benefits of the vegetables from which they derive.
Gene promoter DNA methylation patterns have a limited role in orchestrating transcriptional changes in the fetal liver in response to maternal folate depletion during pregnancy
Authors: McKay Jill A. , Adriaens Michiel , Evelo Chris T. , Ford Dianne , Mathers John C.
Published: May 2016

Scope

Early‐life exposures are critical in fetal programming and may influence function and health in later life. Adequate maternal folate consumption during pregnancy is essential for healthy fetal development and long‐term offspring health. The mechanisms underlying fetal programming are poorly understood, but are likely to involve gene regulation. Epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, regulate gene expression and are modifiable by folate supply. We observed transcriptional changes in fetal liver in response to maternal folate depletion and hypothesized that these changes are concomitant with altered gene promoter methylation.

Methods and results

Female C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 2 or 0.4 mg folic acid/kg for 4 wk before mating and throughout pregnancy. At 17.5‐day gestation, genome‐wide gene expression and promoter methylation were measured by microarray analysis in male fetal livers. While 989 genes were differentially expressed, 333 promoters had altered methylation (247 hypermethylated, 86 hypomethylated) in response to maternal folate depletion. Only 16 genes had both expression and methylation changes. However, most methylation changes occurred in genomic regions neighboring expression changes.

Conclusion

In response to maternal folate depletion, altered expression at the mRNA level was not associated with altered promoter methylation of the same gene in fetal liver.
DNP sensitivity of 19F‐NMR signals in hexafluorobenzene depending on polarizing agent type
Authors: Peksoz Ahmet
Published: May 2016

Low field dynamic nuclear polarization or low field magnetic double resonance technique enables enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance signals to be detected without increasing the strength of the polarizing field. The study reports that the dynamic nuclear polarization of 19F nuclei in hexafluorobenzene solutions doped with nitroxide, BDPA, MC800 asphaltene and MC30 asphaltene free radicals at 15 G. The 19F nuclei in all solutions gave positive DNP enhancements changing between 3.42 and 189.54, corresponding to predominantly scalar interactions with the unpaired electrons in the radicals. DNP sensitivity of 19F nuclei in hexafluorobenzene was observed to be changed significantly depending on the radical type. Nitroxide was found to have the best DNP performance among the polarizing agents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.