bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCRA radiometric cloud fractions for GOME-2 on MetOp-A/B
Authors: Lutz R. , Loyola D. , Gimeno García S. , Romahn F.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. This paper describes an approach for cloud parameter retrieval (radiometric cloud fraction estimation) using the polarization measurements of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) on-board the MetOp-A/B satellites. The core component of the Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm (OCRA) is the calculation of monthly cloud-free reflectances for a global grid (resolution of 0.2° in longitude and 0.2° in latitude) and to derive radiometric cloud fractions. These cloud fractions will serve as a priori information for the retrieval of cloud top height (CTH), cloud top pressure (CTP), cloud top albedo (CTA) and cloud optical thickness (COT) with the Retrieval Of Cloud Information using Neural Networks (ROCINN) algorithm. This approach is already being implemented operationally for the GOME/ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT sensors and here we present version 3.0 of the OCRA algorithm applied to the GOME-2 sensors. Based on more than six years of GOME-2A data (February 2007–June 2013), reflectances are calculated for ≈ 35 000 orbits. For each measurement a degradation correction as well as a viewing angle dependent and latitude dependent correction is applied. In addition, an empirical correction scheme is introduced in order to remove the effect of oceanic sun glint. A comparison of the GOME-2A/B OCRA cloud fractions with co-located AVHRR geometrical cloud fractions shows a general good agreement with a mean difference of −0.15±0.20. From operational point of view, an advantage of the OCRA algorithm is its extremely fast computational time and its straightforward transferability to similar sensors like OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) on Sentinel 5 Precursor, as well as Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5. In conclusion, it is shown that a robust, accurate and fast radiometric cloud fraction estimation for GOME-2 can be achieved with OCRA by using the polarization measurement devices (PMDs).
Spatially distributed influence of agro-environmental factors governing nitrate fate and transport in an irrigated stream–aquifer system
Authors: Bailey R. T. , Ahmadi M. , Gates T. K. , Arabi M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Elevated levels of nitrate (NO3) in groundwater systems pose a serious risk to human populations and natural ecosystems. As part of an effort to remediate NO3 contamination in irrigated stream–aquifer systems, this study elucidates agricultural and environmental parameters and processes that govern NO3 fate and transport at the regional (500 km2), local (50 km2), and field scales (< 1 km2). Specifically, the revised Morris sensitivity analysis method was applied to a finite-difference nitrogen cycling and reactive transport model of a regional-scale study site in the lower Arkansas River valley in southeastern Colorado. The method was used to rank the influence of anthropogenic activities and natural chemical processes on NO3 groundwater concentration, NO3 mass leaching, and NO3 mass loading to the Arkansas River from the aquifer. Sensitivity indices were computed for the entire study area in aggregate as well as each canal command area, crop type, and individual grid cells. Results suggest that fertilizer loading, crop uptake, and heterotrophic denitrification govern NO3 fate and transport for the majority of the study area, although their order of influence on NO3 groundwater concentration and mass leaching varies according to crop type and command area. Canal NO3 concentration and rates of autotrophic denitrification, nitrification, and humus decomposition also dominate or partially dominate in other locations. Each factor, with the exception of O2 reduction rate, is the dominating influence on NO3 groundwater concentration at one or more locations within the study area. Results can be used to determine critical processes and key management actions for future data collection and remediation strategies, with efforts able to be focused on localized areas.
Modelling wave–current interactions off the east coast of Scotland
Authors: Sabatino A. D. , McCaig C. , O'Hara Murray R. B. , Heath M. R.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Densely populated coastal areas of the North Sea are particularly vulnerable to severe wave conditions, which overtop or damage sea-defences leading to dangerous flooding. Around the shallow southern North Sea, where the coastal margin is low-lying and population density is high, oceanographic modelling has helped to develop forecasting systems to predict flood risk. However coastal areas of the deeper northern North Sea are also subject to regular storm damage but there has been little or no effort to develop coastal wave models for these waters. Here we present a high spatial resolution model of northeast Scottish coastal waters, simulating waves and the effect of tidal currents on wave propagation, driven by global ocean tides, far-field wave conditions, and local air pressure and wind stress. We show that the wave–current interactions and wave–wave interactions are particularly important for simulating the wave conditions close to the coast at various locations. The model can simulate the extreme conditions experienced when high (spring) tides are combined with sea-level surges and large Atlantic swell. Such a combination of extremes represents a high risk for damaging conditions along the Scottish coast.
Programas iconográficos en "La piel que habito" (Almodóvar, 2011)
Authors: Poyato Sánchez Pedro
Published: December 2015

Como viene siendo habitual en las últimas películas de Pedro Almodóvar, las imágenes de La piel que habito (2011) se organizan en programas iconográficos que en este caso emanan de operaciones “trans” realizadas tanto en el cuerpo (transexualidad, transgénesis y trasplante), como en el texto (transtextualidad). El presente trabajo se ocupa de la genealogía y formalización de dichos programas así como de cuestiones teóricas surgidas a lo largo del desarrollo de este estudio –la relación entre cuerpo e identidad o el llamado muro de pantallas, entre otras–, de indudable calado en el filme.
La reforma de los regímenes de bienestar en Costa Rica, Chile, Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay
Authors: Sanchez de Dios Manuel
Published: December 2015

El objeto de este trabajo es analizar las transformaciones de la política social en América Latina en el contexto de la emergencia de un Estado de bienestar  institucional-redistributivo. Para entender los cambios producidos se tienen en consideración las teorías de la refoma institucional y se estudian las transformaciones realizadas en el siglo XX y en los comienzos del siglo XXI para sustituir un régimen de seguridad social de rasgos residuales, basado en la segmentación de las prestaciones y en programas de lucha contra la pobreza, por otro  universalista de naturaleza redistributiva. Se valora en particular la evolución reciente de los casos más avanzados en la construcción del Estado de bienestar: Costa Rica, Chile, Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay
Factores explicativos de las actitudes hacia el castigo juvenil. Evidencias de un diseño factorial
Authors: Baz Cores Olalla , Aizpurúa González Eva , Fernández Molina Esther
Published: December 2015

El rol desempeñado por la opinión pública en el desarrollo de la política criminal actual justifica el incremento de investigaciones destinadas a evaluar las actitudes de los ciudadanos hacia el castigo. No obstante, los avances en este ámbito han sido limitados debido a la utilización de rudimentarios instrumentos de medida. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito explorar el efecto que generan en la opinión ciudadana ciertas variables referidas al hecho delictivo y al infractor, precisando su contribución relativa y la interacción existente entre ellas. Para satisfacer este objetivo se recurrió a un diseño factorial de la encuesta, creando una población de 256 casos-escenario fruto de la combinación de cuatro factores: la edad del joven, su historial delictivo, el grado de implicación en el hecho y el tipo de delito cometido. Los mismos fueron distribuidos en grupos de ocho casos ordenados aleatoriamente y fueron suministrados a 32 sujetos. Posteriormente se aplicaron análisis de regresión logística binaria. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la naturaleza violenta de los hechos, la implicación activa de los jóvenes y el historial delictivo son predictores importantes de las condenas punitivas. Sin embargo la edad, una variable fundamental en la configuración de la justicia juvenil, no resulta significativa. De este modo, el trabajo muestra el potencial explicativo de este conjunto de factores y debate sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas para la investigación futura en este terreno.
A Traditional Community in the Chao Phraya River Basin II: Influence of Water Circulation on the Traditional Living Culture according to the Settlement Pattern
Authors: Yodsurang Patiphol , Yasufumi Uekita
Published: December 2015

The remaining traditional waterfront community in the Chao Phraya River Basin demonstrates human adaptability towards modern conditions. Everyday practice in the traditional community complex is about living in harmony with all other aspects of the system to which it belongs. However, the intensity and speed of such changes are challenging these complex urban environments in contemporary society. With high dynamicity, this important amphibious lifestyle is gradually disappearing.

This study is based on a qualitative approach, to examine the general pattern of amphibious livelihoods from past to present, including changes and processes of adaptability to declination. Investigation was implemented by reviewing secondary data collection and oral history and collective memory by the interview method.

The results found that water circulation patterns have exerted influence on traditional daily life over several decades: river overflows in paddy villages, irrigation network of ditches in orchard villages, brackish water circulation in estuarine agricultural villages, wetland fishery in coastal fishing villages, north-south corridor river trading in riverport towns, east-west canal network trading in canal trading villages, and surface water livelihoods in the raft community.
Does Class Attendance Predict Academic Performance in First Year Psychology Tutorials?
Authors: Alexander Victoria , Hicks Richard Edward
Published: December 2015

Student absenteeism is common across universities. Learning through attending lectures and tutorials is still expected in our technological age, though there are major changes in how information in lectures and tutorials can be transmitted via the use of iLearn and related packages, by video streaming of classes and by online technology generally. Consequently, availability of these supplementary resources and, in general terms, the issue of physical absence from classes, raises the question of whether missing class impacts on student learning. Does it matter if students attend classes or not? The aim of the current study was to assess whether student attendance in tutorials in first year subjects in psychology was associated with academic performance, that is, was attendance linked with improved performance? We took data from tutor held records on attendance and on results for article review assignments and laboratory reports for a total of 383 students who completed introductory psychology courses in classes over the years 2012-2015. The hypothesis that class attendance and performance would be significantly related was supported in 13 of the 14 class relationships examined separately, and, in the class that was the exception the correlation was in the expected direction. These results suggest that attending class continues to have a positive impact on student learning in this technological age. The limitations of the current study are discussed as are implications regarding instructor resource applications and/or compulsory class attendance policies.
Livelihoods Used by Street Children for Survival in Bamako, Mali
Authors: Diallo Oumou , Wang Guang Xin , Toure Hamadoun H.
Published: December 2015

This study is based on the livelihood used by street children for survival in Bamako, Mali. Two bus stations were selected for this study: Sogoniko bus station and Medina bus station. Most buses leave from these stations to the vicinity of the country. Data was collected through individual interviews (one by one), focus group discussions and interviews. A sample of one hundred and twenty street children aged between 8 and 17 years were selected for this study. Thirty people were also selected to give their opinions on street children. The results indicate that most of street children survive by selling small objects and through begging, 32.5% and 22.50% respectively. Our survey indicates that there are different factors pushing them to the streets, and as a way of survival on the streets, there is need to be organized, hence, they are organize themselves into groups for protection against violence and aggressions.
Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Control of MEMS Gyroscope Using Dynamic Sliding Mode Approach
Authors: Fang Yunmei , Yuan Zhuli , Fei Juntao
Published: December 2015

In this paper, a dynamic sliding mode control using adaptive fuzzy backstepping (DSMCAFB) approach for a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) vibratory z-axis gyroscope is presented. Based on an adaptive fuzzy backstepping control method, a dynamic sliding mode control is proposed to compensate and adjust the external disturbances and model uncertainties. The fuzzy control method with adaptive backstepping control design can avoid depending on the system model and approximate the system nonlinearities well. What’s more ,it can make the controller have the ability to learn and adjust the fuzzy parameters in real time. In addition, dynamic sliding mode control can transfer discontinuous terms to the first-order derivative of the control input in order to effectively reduce the chattering. The simulation studies are investigated to demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.4.9110
Personal listening habits and the potential for hearing loss of Canadian university students
Authors: Friesen Christine Elizabeth , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: December 2015

Rationale: Personal and external factors, such as earphone type and music preference, can influence music volume adjustment beyond safe levels. The present study attempted to identify which factors are most influential on volume adjustment. Method: A cross-sectional survey of university students (n = 75) who use personal listening devices (PLD) was performed. Additionally, each participant's PLD music volume was measured through their earphones. Results: On average, participants listened to music at safe (<85 dB) but high levels (79.8 dB) for generally less than four hours per day. Nearly 60% of respondents used earbuds and half preferred “noisy” music genres such as hip-hop and rock/folk. The vast majority of respondents indicated listening to music while travelling by bus for the purpose of blocking out environmental noise or out of boredom. About 75% of the participants were categorized as “pro-noise”. Most students claimed to respond to changing noise environments by adjusting music volume, but few enabled PLD built-in volume controls. Impact: This study determined that earphone type, listening environment, music genre, and listening duration were influential on an participants’ adjustment of music volume. Further research is needed to assess earphone quality and to clearly elucidate more complex associations between external or personal factors and volume adjustment.
Mexican Validation of a Relational Quality Scale: Using the Aquarela-R Scale
Authors: Silva Moctezuma Daniela , Sánchez Aragón Rozzana , Retana Franco Blanca Estela , García Meraz Melissa , Martínez Trujillo Bertha Dolores
Published: December 2015

Tanto la satisfacción marital como la propia calidad de la relación son percepciones importantes cuando se estudia a las relaciones románticas ya que refleja la opinión general del individuo acerca de su relación romántica. Por lo tanto, múltiples construcciones se pueden definir como la representación de la calidad de las relaciones de pareja, como lo son el amor, la intimidad, la comunicación, el compromiso y el sexo que se encuentran siempre caracterizando lo que se da en las relaciones románticas. Basado en lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue Validar en México la Escala Brasileña sobre Calidad en las relaciones románticas Acuarela-R de De Andrade y García (2012). para cumplirlo se trabajó con muestras equivalentes del Distrito Federal, Hidalgo y Durango, es decir, con un total de 878 voluntarios que mantenían una relación; realizando así la validación mediante el procedimiento propuesto por Reyes Lagunes y García y Barragán (2008). Los resultados mostraron la existencia una escala válida y confiable con coeficientes de confiabilidad robustos que permitirán su uso de ella para medir las percepciones de calidad en la relación amorosa y así contribuir a la investigación en psicología para llegar a la comprensión de la naturaleza de la duración, mantenimiento, reparación, e incluso de la ruptura de éstas.
Attachment to the Romantic Partner and Sibling: Attachment Hierarchies of Twins and Non-Twin Siblings
Authors: Schwarz Sascha , Mustafić Maida , Junker Sonja
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have shown that romantic partners and siblings are important attachment figures. This study compares the attachment to the romantic partner with the attachment to the sibling as a function of the participant’s sibling type among monozygotic (MZ) twins, dizygotic (DZ) twins, and non-twin (NT) siblings. The results show that MZ twins prefer their sibling to their romantic partner whereas DZ twins are equally attached to their sibling and romantic partner. In contrast, NT siblings are more attached to their romantic partner compared to their sibling. These results indicate that genetic relatedness has profound impact on a person’s attachment hierarchy and the relative rank of the romantic partner and the sibling.
Enhanced thermoelectric power of single-wall carbon nanotube film blended with ionic liquid
Authors: Horike Shohei , Misaki Masahiro , Koshiba Yasuko , Saito Takeshi , Ishida Kenji
Published: December 2015

We have investigated the thermoelectric power of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with an ionic liquid (IL). The SWCNT/IL films showed simultaneous increase in electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient compared with the pristine SWCNT. No thermoelectric power was observed for the IL. The X-ray diffraction pattern and impedance diagram showed a unique behavior with the concentration of IL, which implies that the interaction between the SWCNTs and IL enhances the thermoelectric power of the SWCNTs. As a result of the simultaneous increase in these parameters, the power factor exhibited a 10-fold increase.
FOTOGRAFIA, INFÂNCIA E EDUCAÇÃO: TESSITURAS DA PRÁTICA DOCENTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Pereira Catrine De Moraes , Agostinho Kátia Adair
Published: December 2015

Esse artigo trata do registro fotográfico e suas possibilidades na prática docente na educação infantil, fruto de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Pedagogia. Nele buscamos refletir sobre as contribuições das ferramentas da ação pedagógica para prática docente: descrevendo as experiências docentes com a fotografia, decorridas de uma experiência de estágio na educação infantil; identificando as narrativas e os saberes que se produzem sobre a infância por meio do registro fotográfico e, desta forma, delineando aspectos que julgamos importante na constituição do professor. Para tanto, fizemos uma aproximação aos registros fotográficos produzidos no campo de estágio, dando embasamento com as teorias produzidas referentes à documentação pedagógica e o registro fotográfico. Compreendemos que o registro fotográfico se fez uma importante ferramenta da prática docente, pois assim como a observação e o registro escrito, também contribuiu sistematicamente para uma reflexão sobre a infância e os lugares que as crianças ocupam no meio socioeducativo. Preocupamo-nos com apropriação do recurso fotográfico como “meio”, e não para “fins” de comprovação das ações/vivências e experiências da prática docente. Nesse sentido, ressaltando que é necessário educar o olhar, fazendo um distanciamento sobre essa relação do uso da fotografia no cotidiano e do uso dela como uma ferramenta da prática docente em que se faz produzir sentido à prática educativa.  Buscamos tratar das possibilidades de ampliarmos as discussões acerca da utilização da fotografia como um recurso metodológico na prática pedagógica da Educação Infantil, incidindo significativamente nos saberes que elaboramos sobre criança, infância e sua educação.  
Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Jia Keqin , Fleiter Judy , King Mark , Sheehan Mary , Ma Wenjun , Zhang Jianzhen
Published: December 2015

Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.
Regulation of Bax/mitochondria interaction by AKT
Authors: Simonyan Lilit , Renault Thibaud T. , da Costa Novais Maria João , Sousa Maria João , Côrte‐Real Manuela , Camougrand Nadine , Gonzalez Cécile , Manon Stéphen
Published: December 2015

Bax‐dependent mitochondrial permeabilization during apoptosis is controlled by multiple factors, including the phosphorylation by the protein kinase AKT. We used the heterologous co‐expression of human Bax and AKT1 in yeast to investigate how the kinase modulates the different steps underlying Bax activation. We found that AKT activated Bax and increased its cellular content. Both effects were dependent on Ser184, but a phosphorylation of this residue did not fully explain the effects of AKT. Additional experiments with mutants substituted on Ser184 suggested that the regulation of Bax dynamic equilibrium between the cytosol and mitochondria might be more tightly regulated by Bcl‐xL when Bax is phosphorylated.
Anthropogenic and natural contributions to the Southeast Pacific precipitation decline and recent megadrought in central Chile
Authors: Boisier Juan P. , Rondanelli Roberto , Garreaud René D. , Muñoz Francisca
Published: December 2015

Within large uncertainties in the precipitation response to greenhouse gas forcing, the Southeast Pacific drying stands out as a robust signature within climate models. A precipitation decline, of consistent direction but of larger amplitude than obtained in simulations with historical climate forcing, has been observed in central Chile since the late 1970s. To attribute the causes of this trend, we analyze local rain gauge data and contrast them to a large ensemble of both fully coupled and sea surface temperature‐forced simulations. We show that in concomitance with large‐scale circulation changes, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation explains about half of the precipitation trend observed in central Chile. The remaining fraction is unlikely to be driven exclusively by natural phenomena but rather consistent with the simulated regional effect of anthropogenic climate change. We particularly estimate that a quarter of the rainfall deficit affecting this region since 2010 is of anthropogenic origin. An increased persistence and recurrence of droughts in central Chile emerges then as a realistic scenario under the current socioeconomic pathway.
An induced global magnetic field looping around the magnetotail of Venus
Authors: Chai Lihui , Wei Yong , Wan Weixing , Zhang Tielong , Rong Zhaojin , Fraenz Markus , Dubinin Eduard , Zhang Hui , Zhong Jun , Han Xiuhong , Barabash Stas
Published: December 2015

Venus serves as the prototype of solar wind interaction with unmagnetized planetary bodies with atmospheres. It has no intrinsic dipole or crustal magnetic field; the only magnetic field is believed to be formed by the draped interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). However, the large‐scale magnetic field observed over the north polar region of Venus has a bias in the dawnward direction and seemingly unresponsive to the IMF's direction. Here we show that besides the draped field, there is a second type of induced global magnetic field at Venus and the dawnward field is only a part of it. This global field has a distribution in a cylindrical shell around the magnetotail and a counterclockwise direction looking from the planetary tail toward the Sun, which demonstrates that there are two currents flowing out and in of the planet along the inner and outer boundaries of the looping field, respectively.
Wave transformation and shoreline water level on Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu
Authors: Beetham Edward , Kench Paul S. , O'Callaghan Joanne , Popinet Stéphane
Published: December 2015

The influence of sea swell (SS) waves, infragravity (IG) waves, and wave setup on maximum runup (Rmax) is investigated across different tidal stages on Fatato Island, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. Field results illustrate that SS waves are tidally modulated at the shoreline, with comparatively greater wave attenuation and setup occurring at low tide versus high tide. A shoreward increase in IG wave height is observed across the 100 m wide reef flat at all tidal elevations, with no tidal modulation of IG wave height at the reef flat or island shoreline. A 1‐D shock‐capturing Green‐Naghdi solver is used to replicate the field deployment and analyze Rmax. Model outputs for SS wave height, IG wave height and setup at the shoreline match field results with model skill >0.96. Model outputs for Rmax are used to identify the temporal window when geomorphic activity can occur on the beach face. During periods of moderate swell energy, waves can impact the beach face at spring low tide, due to a combination of wave setup and strong IG wave activity. Under mean wave conditions, the combined influence of setup, IG waves and SS waves results in interaction with island sediment at midtide. At high tide, SS and IG waves directly impact the beach face. Overall, wave activity is present on the beach face for 71% of the study period, a significantly longer duration than is calculated using mean water level and topographic data.
Beach steepness effects on nonlinear infragravity‐wave interactions: A numerical study
Authors: de Bakker A. T. M. , Tissier M. F. S. , Ruessink B. G.
Published: December 2015

The numerical model SWASH is used to investigate nonlinear energy transfers between waves for a diverse set of beach profiles and wave conditions, with a specific focus on infragravity waves. We use bispectral analysis to study the nonlinear triad interactions, and estimate energy transfers to determine energy flows within the spectra. The energy transfers are divided into four types of triad interactions, with triads including either one, two or three infragravity‐frequency components, and triad interactions solely between sea‐swell wave frequencies. The SWASH model is validated with a high‐resolution laboratory data set on a gently sloping beach, which shows that SWASH is capable of modeling the detailed nonlinear interactions. From the simulations, we observe that especially the beach slope affects nonlinear infragravity‐wave interactions. On a low‐sloping beach, infragravity‐wave energy dominates the water motion close to shore. Here infragravity‐infragravity interactions dominate and generate higher harmonics that lead to the steepening of the infragravity wave and eventually breaking, causing large infragravity energy dissipation. On the contrary, on a steep‐sloping beach, sea‐swell wave energy dominates the water motion everywhere. Here infragravity frequencies interact with the spectral peak and spread energy to a wide range of higher frequencies, with relatively less infragravity energy dissipation. Although both beach types have different nonlinear interaction patterns during infragravity‐wave dissipation, the amount of infragravity‐wave reflection can be estimated by a single parameter, the normalized bed slope.
Dissolved organic carbon fluxes in the Middle Atlantic Bight: An integrated approach based on satellite data and ocean model products
Authors: Mannino Antonio , Signorini Sergio R. , Novak Michael G. , Wilkin John , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Najjar Raymond G.
Published: December 2015

Continental margins play an important role in global carbon cycle, accounting for 15–21% of the global marine primary production. Since carbon fluxes across continental margins from land to the open ocean are not well constrained, we undertook a study to develop satellite algorithms to retrieve dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and combined these satellite data with physical circulation model products to quantify the shelf boundary fluxes of DOC for the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). Satellite DOC was computed through seasonal relationships of DOC with colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficients, which were derived from an extensive set of in situ measurements. The multiyear time series of satellite‐derived DOC stocks (4.9 Teragrams C; Tg) shows that freshwater discharge influences the magnitude and seasonal variability of DOC on the continental shelf. For the 2010–2012 period studied, the average total estuarine export of DOC into the MAB shelf is 0.77 Tg C yr−1 (year). The integrated DOC tracer fluxes across the shelf boundaries are 12.1 Tg C yr−1 entering the MAB from the southwest alongshore boundary, 18.5 Tg C yr−1 entering the MAB from the northeast alongshore boundary, and 29.0 Tg C yr−1 flowing out of the MAB across the entire length of the 100 m isobath. The magnitude of the cross‐shelf DOC flux is quite variable in time (monthly) and space (north to south). The highly dynamic exchange of water along the shelf boundaries regulates the DOC budget of the MAB at subseasonal time scales.
Multiobjective adaptive surrogate modeling‐based optimization for parameter estimation of large, complex geophysical models
Authors: Gong Wei , Duan Qingyun , Li Jianduo , Wang Chen , Di Zhenhua , Ye Aizhong , Miao Chiyuan , Dai Yongjiu
Published: December 2015

Parameter specification is an important source of uncertainty in large, complex geophysical models. These models generally have multiple model outputs that require multiobjective optimization algorithms. Although such algorithms have long been available, they usually require a large number of model runs and are therefore computationally expensive for large, complex dynamic models. In this paper, a multiobjective adaptive surrogate modeling‐based optimization (MO‐ASMO) algorithm is introduced that aims to reduce computational cost while maintaining optimization effectiveness. Geophysical dynamic models usually have a prior parameterization scheme derived from the physical processes involved, and our goal is to improve all of the objectives by parameter calibration. In this study, we developed a method for directing the search processes toward the region that can improve all of the objectives simultaneously. We tested the MO‐ASMO algorithm against NSGA‐II and SUMO with 13 test functions and a land surface model ‐ the Common Land Model (CoLM). The results demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of MO‐ASMO.
Lifetime Distributions
Authors: McCollin Chris
Published: December 2015

Lifelength is discussed in the context of repairable systems and nonrepairable items. The methods of analysis of repairable systems are considered. The inter‐event times of these systems can be regarded as independently and identically distributed once trend and seasonality have been discounted. The inter‐event times can be ordered and then treated in the same way as times to failure of nonrepairable items. The bathtub curve is discussed in the context of the Weibull distribution shape parameter. Other distributions are also considered.
Posterior Predictive Distribution
Authors: Barbieri Maria Maddalena
Published: December 2015

The posterior predictive distribution is the distribution of future observations, conditioned on the information available from existing observations. It is the main Bayesian tool for treating predictive problems in statistics. We define the posterior predictive distribution and illustrate its main features in Bayesian parametric inference. We also focus on predictive model checking and selection, which are procedures for checking model adequacy and for selecting a model, when the analysis is based on a posterior predictive approach.
Optimization of anionic dye adsorption onto Melia azedarach sawdust in aqueous solutions: effect of calcium cations
Authors: Najafpoor Aliasghar , Alidadi Hosein , Esmaeili Habibollah , Hadilou Tahereh , Dolatabadi Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Ahmad , Davoudi Mojtaba
Published: December 2015

Adsorption of RR141 (an anionic dye) was carried out onto Melia Azaderach sawdust (MAS) in solutions containing low concentrations of calcium ions. The effect of dye concentration, solution pH, Ca2+ concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time was investigated by response surface methodology. The results showed that by adding 50 mg L−1 Ca2+ ions, the decolorization rate increased by 3 fold. Cation bridging between anions of RR141 and negatively charged sites of MAS was recognized as the main mechanism for the enhanced dye removal. Higher removal efficiencies were obtained at higher calcium concentrations. Solution pH (4–10) had a negligible effect on the process in presence of bridging Ca2+ ions. Initial dye concentration and adsorbent dose were the most influential factors in the process. The equilibrium time was found to be 46 min, which was unchanged at different dye concentrations (10–100 mg L−1). The dye uptake obeyed the non‐linear equations of pseudo‐second order kinetic model and Freundlich/Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of 12.92 mg g−1 was calculated from the Langmuir model. Based on the obtained results, adsorptive properties of Melia Azaderach sawdust can be greatly enhanced for uptake of anionic dyes in calcium‐containing solutions like natural waters. Copyright © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced small cell carcinoma of the bladder: clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes in 960 patients and comparison with urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Geynisman Daniel M. , Handorf Elizabeth , Wong Yu‐Ning , Doyle Jamie , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Horwitz Eric M. , Canter Daniel J. , Uzzo Robert G. , Kutikov Alexander , Smaldone Marc C.
Published: December 2015

To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes in advanced small cell bladder cancer (aSCBC) patients and compare to those with urothelial carcinoma (UC). Individuals in the National Cancer Data Base with a diagnosis of either nodal (TxN+M0) or distant metastatic (TxNxM1) disease were identified from 1998 to 2010. We assessed the relationships between stage, treatment modalities and survival in the aSCBC cohort and compared these to UC patients. In the 960 patient aSCBC cohort (62% M1), 50% received palliative therapy alone, 68% in M1 versus 21% in M0 groups (P < 0.0001). Single modality local therapy (15%) and surgical (21%) or radiation‐based (14%) multimodal therapy (MMT) were used in the other 50%. Cystectomy‐based MMT was utilized in 45% of N+M0 versus 6.4% of NxM1 patients (P < 0.0001). Median overall survival (OS) for aSCBC patients was 8.6 months; 13.0 months in N+M0 versus 5.3 months in NxM1 patients (P < 0.0001). Survival was similar between TxN1M0 and TxN2‐3M0 patients (14.8 months vs. 12.1 months, P = 0.15). Urothelial carcinoma patients (n = 27,796, 45% M1) lived longer compared to aSCBC patients in the N+M0 group (17.3 months vs. 13.0 months, P = 0.0007). There were not clinically significant differences in OS between UC and aSCBC patients in the M1 group. Advanced SCBC is a rare disease with a poor survival and palliative therapy is common, especially in M1 patients. In comparison to UC, the outcomes for aSCBC patients are worse in those with lymph node only involvement but similar in those with distant disease.
Sharing cathartic stories online: The internet as a means of expression following a crisis event
Authors: Veer Ekant , Ozanne Lucie K. , Hall C. Michael
Published: December 2015

This research looks at the way that stories were shared online following the magnitude 7.1 and 6.3 earthquakes that hit Canterbury, New Zealand in September 2010 and February 2011. The earthquakes left the city of Christchurch with massive structural, infrastructural and emotional damage as well as leading to 185 deaths. The ground movement was the highest ever recorded to have hit a major city. Four years on, the city is beginning to recover. This research looks at the way in which technology was used as one tool to promote community resilience amongst those affected by the earthquakes and reflects the growing awareness of the contribution that consumer behaviour research can make to disaster research and studies of resilience. Several online tools, social media and online communities, were used by residents in order to cope with the ordeal. We demonstrate that the Internet not only provided a major source of practical information, but also may have facilitated an emotional bond to others in the city and beyond thereby contributing to increased personal and community resilience. We show that the need to share and express one's self following a major crisis event was clearly evident with the volumes of stories submitted, especially when physical travel was impractical or restricted by the authorities. The implications for theories of catharsis and the use of online media during crises are discussed. Policy recommendations regarding the use of online media are also provided as an aid in the victims' emotional recovery from a major crisis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On an SVD‐free approach to the complementarity and coupling theory A note on the elimination of unknowns in sums of dyadic products
Authors: Neymeyr Klaus , Sawall Mathias
Published: December 2015

The partial knowledge of the factors in a multivariate curve resolution problem can simplify the factorization problem. The complementarity and coupling theory as published in 2012 provides precise mathematical conditions for certain unknown parts of the factors. These constraints are based on a singular value decomposition of the data matrix; they have the form of linear or affine linear spaces which contain the unknown parts of the pure component factors. This paper presents a new and simple singular value decomposition‐free form of the complementarity and coupling theory. The derivation of these theorems is based on elementary arguments of linear algebra. The new mathematical form of the theory allows its easy and straightforward applicability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Structure Type Gd3Ni7Al14.
Authors: Pukas Svitlana , Gladyshevskii Roman
Published: December 2015

Gd3Ni7Al14 is prepared by arc melting of the elements under Ar followed by annealing (evacuated quartz tubes, 873 K, 2 months).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Dihydroxo‐Bridged Plutonium(IV) Nitrate Dimers and Their Relevance to Trends in Tetravalent Ion Hydrolysis and Condensation.
Authors: Knope Karah E. , Skanthakumar S. , Soderholm L.
Published: December 2015

Single crystals of [Pu2(OH)2(NO3)6 (H2O)4]2·11H2O (I) and Pu2(OH)2(NO3)6 (H2O)4·2H2O (II) are obtained by evaporation of aqueous stock solutions of 25 mM 242Pu in 4 M HNO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanoluminescence in (Sr,Ca,Ba)2SnO4:Sm3+,La3+ Ceramics.
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Chai Xiaona , Wang Xusheng , Li Yanxia , Yao Xi
Published: December 2015

(Sr,Ca,Ba)2SnO4:Sm3+,La3+ phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3, SnO2, Sm2O3, and La2O3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of the Isotypic Pair [Cr(H2O)6]2 [B12H12]3·15H2O and [In(H2O)6]2 [B12H12]3·15H2O.
Authors: Van Nguyen‐Duc , Kleeberg Fabian M. , Schleid Thomas
Published: December 2015

Single crystals of [Cr(H2O)6]2 [B12H12]3·15H2O and [In(H2O)6]2 [B12H12]3·15H2O are obtained by reactions of aqueous solutions of the acid (H3O)2[B12H12] with Cr(OH)3 and In, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Pure O2PtF6.
Authors: Rudel Stefan S. , Kraus Florian
Published: December 2015

Single crystals of O2PtF6 are obtained by direct Klemm‐type fluorination of commercially available PtO2·xH2O in a stream of diluted F2 (corundum tube furnace with water‐cooled corundum finger inside, 275 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Nazarov Cyclization of Dienylaziridines: Synthesis of Cyclopentadienyl/Hydrinedienyl/Indenyl Glycines.
Authors: Sudhakar Gangarajula , Reddy Karla Janardhan , Nanubolu Jagadesh Babu
Published: December 2015

Dienylaziridines, prepared in situ from the corresponding vinyl imines, undergo Nazarov cyclization reactions providing access to the title glycine derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Oxidizing Group‐Directed ortho C—H Vinylation of Arenes by Vinylstannanes.
Authors: Prakash Sekar , Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: December 2015

A novel method for the synthesis of functionalized vinyl arenes by reaction of N‐methoxybenzamides or N‐phenoxyacetamide (XIV) with vinylstannanes via C—H activation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Amino Alcohols, 1,3‐Diols, Amines, and Carboxylic Acids from Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Zeng Mingshuo , Herzon Seth B.
Published: December 2015

Anti‐Markovnikov functionalization reactions of terminal alkynes and propargylic amines efficiently lead to 1,3‐diol products and 1,3‐amino alcohols, respectively, without loss of stereochemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Intramolecular Reductive Cross‐Electrophile Coupling Reactions for Cyclopropane Synthesis.
Authors: Tollefson Emily J. , Erickson Lucas W. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2015

Stereospecific synthesis of di‐ and trisubstituted cyclopropanes is achieved via a Ni‐catalyzed reductive cross‐electrophile coupling of chlorotetrahydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Acylation with Arylglycine Derivatives.
Authors: Fan Weizheng , Su Jiapeng , Feng Bainian
Published: December 2015

Using the 2‐pyridyl group as directing group, novel regioselective ortho‐aryloylation of benzene moieties with arylglycins as acylation source has been developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Arylphenol Derivatives Through a One‐Pot Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling/Dehydrogenative Aromatization Sequence with Pd/C Catalysis
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Nishina Yuta
Published: December 2015

starting from various arylboronic acids and 2‐iodo‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Construction of the Tricyclic Core of Bullataketals Enabled by a Biomimetic Intermolecular [3 + 3] Type Cycloaddition.
Authors: Tan Haibo , Liu Hongxin , Chen Xinzheng , Yuan Yunfei , Chen Kai , Qiu Shengxiang
Published: December 2015

A method for the construction of a biologically interesting tricyclic ketal skeleton is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Ketols by Functionalization of Captodative Alkenes and Divergent Preparation of Heterocycles and Natural Products.
Authors: Zarate‐Zarate Daniel , Aguilar Raul , Hernandez‐Benitez R. Israel , Labarrios Ehecatl M. , Delgado Francisco , Tamariz Joaquin
Published: December 2015

The presented method is used in the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloid actinopolymorphol B (XVa) which is further transformed into the alkaloid tanakine (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Oxidative Aromatization Sequence via Photoredox Catalysis: One‐Pot Synthesis of Oxazoles from 2H‐Azirines and Aldehydes.
Authors: Zeng Ting‐Ting , Xuan Jun , Ding Wei , Wang Kuan , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: December 2015

A novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative aromatization sequence via visible light‐induced photoredox catalysis is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐[(Acetylamino)(aryl)methyl]‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones (IV).
Authors: Ramroodi‐Khastehdel Elham , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: December 2015

using a one‐pot, three‐component reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridines via Aminophosphate Enabled Anionic Cascade and Acid Catalyzed Cyclization Approaches.
Authors: Das Pradipta , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: December 2015

Two new approaches towards tetrahydropyridines are reported, both employing a strategic phosphate substituent on the nitrogen atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Straightforward Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydronaphthyridines via Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Pyridyl Ring with Alcohols.
Authors: Xiong Biao , Li Ya , Lv Wan , Tan Zhenda , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min
Published: December 2015

A novel synthesis of tetrahydronaphthyridines from o‐aminopyridyl methanols and alcohols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Tandem Reaction: An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Ming‐xing , Li Jia‐rong , Zheng Kai , Yao Huan , Zhang Qi , Shi Da‐xin
Published: December 2015

The reactions from hydrazines [e.g. (I)], methylenemalononitriles [e.g. (II)] and aldehydes [e.g. (IV)] give pyrazolopyrimidinone [e.g. (V)] in good yields via a nucleophilic addition/cyclization/aromatization/nucleophilic addition/Dimroth rearrangement/dehydroaromatization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed C—P Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Iodides with H‐Phosphinates.
Authors: Kinbara Atsushi , Ito Momoko , Abe Tohru , Yamagishi Takehiro
Published: December 2015

When H‐phosphinates with defined stereochemical configuration [e.g. (VI)], the title reaction proceeds with a retentive manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Ulleungamides A and B, Modified α,β‐Dehydropipecolic Acid Containing Cyclic Depsipeptides from Streptomyces sp. KCB13F003.
Authors: Ahn Jong Seog , et al.
Published: December 2015

Two new cyclic depsipeptides, ulleungamides A (Ia) and B (Ib), are isolated from cultures of terrestrial Streptomyces sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Nanoscale Alloys and Intermetallics: Low Temperature Solution Chemistry Synthesis and Application in Catalysis
Authors: Jana Subhra
Published: December 2015

Review: 226 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Assemblies Based on Strong Axial Coordination in Metal Complexes of Saddle‐Distorted Dodecaphenylporphyrins
Authors: Ishizuka Tomoya , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Kojima Takahiko
Published: December 2015

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of SBA‐15 in Drug Delivery
Authors: Fathi Vavsari Vaezeh , Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Badiei Alireza
Published: December 2015

Review: synthesis, characterization, and application in drug delivery of mesoporous silicate SBA‐15 and functionalized derivates; 141 refs.