bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-50  fs pulse generation from a SESAM mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Zhao Yongguang , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Guina Mircea , Pan Zhongben , Mero Mark , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin
Published: May 2021

We report on sub-50 fs pulse generation from a passively mode-locked (ML) Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline laser operating in a 2 µm spectral region. A

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laser delivers pulses as short as 46 fs at 2033 nm with an average power of 121 mW at a pulse repetition rate of

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employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror as a saturable absorber. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulses ever generated from a Tm- and/or Ho-based solid-state laser. Polarization switching in the anisotropic gain material is observed in the ML regime without any polarization selection elements which is essential for the shortest pulses.
Coexistence of quantum key distribution and optical transport network based on standard single-mode fiber at high launch power
Authors: Geng Jia-Qi , Fan-Yuan Guan-Jie , Wang Shuang , Zhang Qi-Fa , Hu Ying-Ying , Chen Wei , Yin Zhen-Qiang , He De-Yong , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: May 2021

There is an increasing demand for multiplexing of quantum key distribution with optical communications in single fiber in consideration of high costs and practical applications in the metropolitan optical network. Here, we realize the integration of quantum key distribution and an optical transport network of 80 Gbps classical data at 15 dBm launch power over 50 km of the widely used standard (G.652 Recommendation of the International Telecom Union Telecom Standardization Sector) telecom fiber. A secure key rate of 11 Kbps over 20 km is obtained. By tolerating a high classical optical power up to 18 dBm of 160 Gbps classical data on single-mode fiber, our result shows the potential and tolerance of quantum key distribution being used in future large capacity transmission systems, such as metropolitan area networks and data centers. The quantum key distribution system is stable, practical, and insensitive to the polarization disturbance of channels by using a phase coding system based on a Faraday–Michelson interferometer. We also discuss the fundamental limit for quantum key distribution performance in the multiplexing environment.
100-W-level single-mode ytterbium-free erbium fiber laser
Authors: Michaud Louis-Charles , Veilleux Catherine , Bilodeau Guillaume , Gilbert-Paquet Olivier , Lebel-Cormier Marie-Anne , Lemieux-Tanguay Maxime , Pelletier-Ouellet Samantha , Paradis Pascal , Bellec Matthieu , Grégoire Nicolas , Morency Steeve , Messaddeq Younès , Bernier Martin
Published: May 2021

We report on an ytterbium-free, erbium-doped single-mode all-fiber laser reaching a record output power of 107 W at 1598 nm, with a slope efficiency of 38.6% according to the absorbed pump power at 981 nm. The erbium-doped gain fiber, co-doped with cerium, aluminum, and phosphorus, was fabricated in-house with adjusted doping concentrations to reduce erbium ions clustering, thereby increasing efficiency while keeping the numerical aperture low to ensure a single-mode laser operation. The addition of cerium co-dopant in the core glass of an erbium system is used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in order to adjust the fiber’s numerical aperture without increasing the erbium concentration. Numerical modeling, validated by the experimental results, demonstrates that adding aluminum and phosphorus at high concentration mitigates erbium ions clustering, with an estimated erbium paired ions of only 5.0% in the reported gain fiber.
Design and real-time control of the OPD from 20 to 200°C in a cat's-eye cavity using thick slabs of Yb3+: YAG for athermal amplification
Authors: Jolly Alain , Machinet Guillaume , Iribarren Donetsi , Chalumeau Emmanuel , Masri Alaa Al , Boullet Johan
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate an athermal, 100 mJ-energy class Yb3+: YAG slab-based amplifier designed to operate in the range of temperatures from 20 to 200°C. The gain medium consists of an edge-pumped, thick slab with a folded laser beam-path, which is defined in a cat's eye cavity thanks to 6–12 elementary paths. Highly variable operating conditions are investigated, in a close connection with the induction of severe thermal penalties in the slab. These penalties concern the material's spectroscopic properties and the thermo-mechanical distortions, at the location of the laser faces. Looking at the shape of the optical-path-difference (OPD) along the slab, we evidence a strong dependency with the pump-dependent temperature cartography inside. This involves comprehensive fits between the measurement data and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) results. As a follow-up, by closely coupling a movable cylindrical lens along the slab, we validate the efficiency of an easy-to-implement correction process to cancel the OPD in the real time. Regardless of the operating regime, this enables fully updatable lasing conditions with reduced output beam distortions in the far field of the cavity output.
Cell-level metadata are indispensable for documenting single-cell sequencing datasets
Authors: Puntambekar Sidhant , Hesselberth Jay R. , Riemondy Kent A. , Fu Rui
Published: May 2021

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an unprecedented view of cellular diversity of biological systems. However, across the thousands of publications and datasets generated using this technology, we estimate that only a minority (<25%) of studies provide cell-level metadata information containing identified cell types and related findings of the published dataset. Metadata omission hinders reproduction, exploration, validation, and knowledge transfer and is a common problem across journals, data repositories, and publication dates. We encourage investigators, reviewers, journals, and data repositories to improve their standards and ensure proper documentation of these valuable datasets.
Adipose triglyceride lipase protects renal cell endocytosis in a Drosophila dietary model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lubojemska Aleksandra , Stefana M. Irina , Sorge Sebastian , Bailey Andrew P. , Lampe Lena , Yoshimura Azumi , Burrell Alana , Collinson Lucy , Gould Alex P.
Published: May 2021

Obesity-related renal lipotoxicity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent pathologies with complex aetiologies. One hallmark of renal lipotoxicity is the ectopic accumulation of lipid droplets in kidney podocytes and in proximal tubule cells. Renal lipid droplets are observed in human CKD patients and in high-fat diet (HFD) rodent models, but their precise role remains unclear. Here, we establish a HFD model inDrosophilathat recapitulates renal lipid droplets and several other aspects of mammalian CKD. Cell type–specific genetic manipulations show that lipid can overflow from adipose tissue and is taken up by renal cells called nephrocytes. A HFD drives nephrocyte lipid uptake via the multiligand receptor Cubilin (Cubn), leading to the ectopic accumulation of lipid droplets. These nephrocyte lipid droplets correlate with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial deficits, as well as with impaired macromolecular endocytosis, a key conserved function of renal cells. Nephrocyte knockdown of diglyceride acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), overexpression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and epistasis tests together reveal that fatty acid flux through the lipid droplet triglyceride compartment protects the ER, mitochondria, and endocytosis of renal cells. Strikingly, boosting nephrocyte expression of the lipid droplet resident enzyme ATGL is sufficient to rescue HFD-induced defects in renal endocytosis. Moreover, endocytic rescue requires a conserved mitochondrial regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α). This study demonstrates that lipid droplet lipolysis counteracts the harmful effects of a HFD via a mitochondrial pathway that protects renal endocytosis. It also provides a genetic strategy for determining whether lipid droplets in different biological contexts function primarily to release beneficial or to sequester toxic lipids.
How multisite phosphorylation impacts the conformations of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Jin Fan , Gräter Frauke
Published: May 2021

Phosphorylation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) can produce changes in structural and dynamical properties and thereby mediate critical biological functions. How phosphorylation effects intrinsically disordered proteins has been studied for an increasing number of IDPs, but a systematic understanding is still lacking. Here, we compare the collapse propensity of four disordered proteins, Ash1, the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase (CTD2’), the cytosolic domain of E-Cadherin, and a fragment of the p130Cas, in unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We find all proteins to show V-shape changes in their collapse propensity upon multi-site phosphorylation according to their initial net charge: phosphorylation expands neutral or overall negatively charged IDPs and shrinks positively charged IDPs. However, force fields including those tailored towards and commonly used for IDPs overestimate these changes. We find quantitative agreement of MD results with SAXS and NMR data for Ash1 and CTD2’ only when attenuating protein electrostatic interactions by using a higher salt concentration (e.g. 350 mM), highlighting the overstabilization of salt bridges in current force fields. We show that phosphorylation of IDPs also has a strong impact on the solvation of the protein, a factor that in addition to the actual collapse or expansion of the IDP should be considered when analyzing SAXS data. Compared to the overall mild change in global IDP dimension, the exposure of active sites can change significantly upon phosphorylation, underlining the large susceptibility of IDP ensembles to regulation through post-translational modifications.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in neurofibromatosis type-1: NF1 whole gene deletions lead to high tumor-burden and increased tumor-growth
Authors: Well Lennart , Döbel Kimberly , Kluwe Lan , Bannas Peter , Farschtschi Said , Adam Gerhard , Mautner Victor-Felix , Salamon Johannes
Published: May 2021

Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) patients suffer from cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas (CNF) and large plexiform neurofibromas (PNF). Whole gene deletions of the NF1 gene can cause a more severe phenotype compared to smaller intragenic changes. Two distinct groups of NF1 whole gene deletions are type-1 deletions and atypical deletions. Our aim was to assess volumes and averaged annual growth-rates of CNF and PNF in patients with NF1 whole gene deletions and to compare these with NF1 patients without large deletions of the NF1 gene.

We retrospectively evaluated 140 whole-body MR examinations of 38 patients with NF1 whole gene deletions (type-1 group: n = 27/atypical group n = 11) and an age- and sex matched collective of 38 NF1-patients. Age-dependent subgroups were created (0–18 vs >18 years). Sixty-four patients received follow-up MRI examinations (NF1whole gene deletion n = 32/control group n = 32). Whole-body tumor-volumes were semi-automatically assessed (MedX, V3.42). Tumor volumes and averaged annual growth-rates were compared.

Median tumor-burden was significantly higher in the type-1 group (418ml; IQR 77 – 950ml, p = 0.012) but not in the atypical group (356ml;IQR 140–1190ml, p = 0.099) when compared to the controls (49ml; IQR 11–691ml). Averaged annual growth rates were significantly higher in both the type-1 group (14%/year; IQR 45–36%/year, p = 0.004) and atypical group (11%/year; IQR 5–23%/year, p = 0.014) compared to the controls (4%/year; IQR1–8%/year). Averaged annual growth rates were significantly higher in pediatric patients with type-1 deletions (21%/year) compared with adult patients (8%/year, p = 0.014) and also compared with pediatric patients without large deletions of the NF1 gene (3.3%/year, p = 0.0015).

NF1 whole gene deletions cause a more severe phenotype of NF1 with higher tumor burden and higher growth-rates compared to NF1 patients without large deletions of the NF1 gene. In particular, pediatric patients with type-1 deletions display a pronounced tumor growth.
Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance shows cattle and poultry are a moderate source of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico
Authors: Delgado-Suárez Enrique Jesús , Palós-Guitérrez Tania , Ruíz-López Francisco Alejandro , Hernández Pérez Cindy Fabiola , Ballesteros-Nova Nayarit Emérita , Soberanis-Ramos Orbelín , Méndez-Medina Rubén Danilo , Allard Marc W. , Rubio-Lozano María Salud
Published: May 2021

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidalSalmonella(NTS) is a public health concern globally. This study reports the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of NTS isolates from bovine lymph nodes (n = 48) and ground beef (n = 29). Furthermore, we compared genotypic AMR data of our isolates with those of publicly available NTS genomes from Mexico (n = 2400). The probability of finding MDR isolates was higher in ground beef than in lymph nodes:χ2= 12.0, P = 0.0005. The most common resistant phenotypes involved tetracycline (40.3%), carbenicillin (26.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20.8%), chloramphenicol (19.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16.9%), while more than 55% of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and 26% were MDR. Conversely, resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems was infrequent (0–9%). MDR phenotypes were strongly associated with NTS serovar (χ2= 24.5, P<0.0001), with Typhimurium accounting for 40% of MDR strains. Most of these (9/10), carriedSalmonellagenomic island 1, which harbors a class-1 integron with multiple AMR genes (aadA2,blaCARB-2,floR,sul1,tetG) that confer a penta-resistant phenotype. MDR phenotypes were also associated with mutations in theramRgene (χ2= 17.7, P<0.0001). Among public NTS isolates from Mexico, those from cattle and poultry had the highest proportion of MDR genotypes. Our results suggest that attaining significant improvements in AMR meat safety requires the identification and removal (or treatment) of product harboring MDR NTS, instead of screening forSalmonellaspp. or for isolates showing resistance to individual antibiotics. In that sense, massive integration of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies in AMR surveillance provides the shortest path to accomplish these goals.
Cadosinopsis rehakovii sp. nov., a new calcareous dinocyst from the Jurassic-Cretaceous transitional interval of the Western Tethys
Authors: Ciurej Agnieszka , Bąk Marta
Published: May 2021

Variegated limestones, a transitional series between red, Upper Jurassic radiolarite and whitish, Lower Cretaceous Maiolica limestone in the Pieniny Klippen Belt deposits in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians, have yielded rich microfossil assemblages with common calcareous dinoflagellate resting stages, hereafter, dinocysts. We found an undescribed dinocyst species in red-greenish limestone of a deep water, pelagic habitat in the Branisko succession of the Pieniny Klippen Basin and named it Cadosinopsis rehakovii sp. nov. The new species has a spherical to oval calcareous test ranging from 34 to 59 μm in length and 30 to 50 μm in width, with two layered wall. The inner layer is built of coarse–thick, plate-shaped calcite crystals and is white in transmitted light. The outer layer is built of fibrous crystals, vitreous (transparent) in transmitted light. The aperture is wide and seen only in the inner layer. We compared the detailed morphological characteristics of the new species with another species from the same genus in the Jurassic and Cretaceous Tethyan deposits. Specimens have been measured, grouped and interpreted using cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA). Among them, the new species shows a resemblance in cross-section to other species of Cadosinopsis, C. nowaki Borza, 1984, and C. andrusovi Scheibner 1967, previously described in literature. However, the two species are easily distinguishable by some features. Cadosinopsis. nowaki is bigger in size (length from 50 to76 μm and width from 43 to 67 μm), its inner layer is thicker and consists of vitreous-sparite calcite, and it has less centrically located chamber. C. andrusovi is much bigger in size as its length ranges from 68 to 108 μm and width ranges from 60 to 80 μm, and the cyst is more oval and its chamber less spherical. The new species is the third Cadosinopsis species described in the Tethyan realm and about two hundred and sixty-first fossil species (morphotype) described in the world so far.
Undoing the ‘Nordic Paradox’: Factors affecting rates of disclosed violence against women across the EU
Authors: Humbert Anne Laure , Strid Sofia , Hearn Jeff , Balkmar Dag
Published: May 2021

Measuring violence against women raises methodological questions, as well as the wider question of how to understand violence and locate it in relation to a societal context. This is all the more relevant given that measurement of violence against women in the EU has made an interesting phenomenon apparent, the so-called ‘Nordic Paradox’, whereby prevalence is higher in more gender equal countries. This article examines this phenomenon by exploring a range of factors—methodological, demographic and societal—to contextualise disclosed levels of violence. The analysis makes use of a multilevel analytic approach to take into account how macro and micro levels contribute to the prevalence of violence. The intercepts are then used to illustrate how taking these into account might provide an alternative ranking of levels of violence against women in EU countries. The results show that the ‘Nordic Paradox’ disappears—and can be undone—when factors at individual and country levels are considered. We conclude that the ‘Nordic Paradox’ cannot be understood independently from a wider pattern of violence in society, and should be seen as connected and co-constituted in specific formations, domains or regimes of violence. Our results show that the use of multi-level models can provide new insights into the factors that may be related to disclosed prevalence of violence against women. This can generate a better understanding of how violence against women functions as a system, and in turn inform better policy responses.
Carbonate chemistry seasonality in a tropical mangrove lagoon in La Parguera, Puerto Rico
Authors: García-Troche Erick M. , Morell Julio M. , Meléndez Melissa , Salisbury Joseph E.
Published: May 2021

We investigated the seasonal carbonate chemistry variability within a semi-enclosed tropical mangrove lagoon in southwestern Puerto Rico. Biweekly measurements of seawater temperature, salinity, total alkalinity (TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were conducted from 2014 to 2018. We describe the possible mechanisms driving the observed variability by correlating the DIC/TA ratio with pH and Ωarg, suggesting that the mean pH (7.87 ± 0.09) and aragonite saturation state (Ωarg, 2.96 ± 0.47) of the mangrove lagoon negatively affected calcification. The measuredpCO2and DIC/TA ratios indicate that heterotrophic activity was the primary driver for persistent acidification, which reached its maximum expression during the wet season. We conclude that mangrove lagoons with limited seawater exchange and high carbon input will not mitigate ocean acidification.
The effect of pharmaceutical co-payment increase on the use of social assistance—A natural experiment study
Authors: Rättö Hanna , Aaltonen Katri
Published: May 2021

Health care out-of-pocket payments can create barriers to access or lead to financial distress. Out-of-pocket expenditure is often driven by outpatient pharmaceuticals. In this nationwide register study, we study the causal relationship between an increase in patients’ pharmaceutical expenses and financial difficulties by exploiting a natural experiment design arising from a 2017 reform, which introduced higher co-payments for type 2 diabetes medicines in Finland. With difference-in-differences estimation, we analyze whether the reform increased the use of social assistance, a last-resort financial aid. We found that after the reform the share of social assistance recipients increased more among type 2 diabetes patients than among a patient group not affected by the co-payment increase, suggesting the reform increased the use of social assistance among those subject to it. The results indicate that increases in patients’ pharmaceutical expenses can lead to serious financial difficulties even in countries with a comprehensive social security system.
Association of chorioamnionitis with failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Katakura Yumi , Nagamine Yusuke , Goto Takahisa , Sumikura Hiroyuki
Published: May 2021

Aim

This study aimed to examine the association between clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis and failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center cohort study, conducted in a university hospital, enrolled term parturients undergoing emergency cesarean section after induction of epidural labor analgesia between September 2015 and May 2019. For the purpose of this study, all cases were re-examined to ensure that they fulfilled the criteria of chorioamnionitis, regardless of the actual indication for cesarean section proposed by obstetricians at the time of application. The primary outcome was failure of conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between chorioamnionitis and failure of anesthesia for cesarean section.

Results

Among the 180 parturients reviewed, 58 (43.9%) fulfilled the criteria for chorioamnionitis. Failure of epidural conversion in the chorioamnionitis (+) group was significantly higher than in the chorioamnionitis (-) group (46.6% [27/58] vs. 18.9% [14/74], crude odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–8.3). After adjustment for potential confounders (age, body mass index, multiparity, and duration for epidural labor analgesia), chorioamnionitis was found to be associated with failure of anesthesia for cesarean sections (adjusted odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.6–8.4).

Conclusions

Chorioamnionitis is associated with the failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia.
Specialization in sports: A theoretical approach
Authors: Wunderlich Anne C. , Follert Florian , Daumann Frank
Published: May 2021

Nations have been competing in sporting competitions for centuries. Therefore, explaining the success of different countries has a long history in sports science. At first, researchers tried to explain success patterns with the help of divergent geographical factors. Later, literature included other determinants on the macro-level which provide evidence that especially the GDP as a proxy for the prosperity of a country has a significant impact on success in sports. Within this broader field of research, also specialization patterns in sports developed into an important topic of research. In line with the literature on factors which lead to (national) success, so far, the discussion mostly concentrates on determinants on a macro-level. We identify the problem that different specialization patterns can be observed in countries that have similar factors on the macro-level, as well. There seems to be a research gap concerning the influencing factors on a meso-level. As a result, the aim of this paper is to show which determinants on the meso-level can affect sports specialization patterns. We provide a model based on the findings of lobbying theory that explains not only different specialization patterns between, e.g., Europe and Africa, but also different specialization patterns within a continent and dissimilar patterns of countries with a similar macro-level can be understood. Overall, our paper contributes to the discussion on specialization in elite sports from an economic perspective, so that future research can build on our work, in particular concerning empirical tests of our approach.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Penner serotype prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Clarke Tegan N. , Schilling Megan A. , Melendez Luca A. , Isidean Sandra D. , Porter Chad K. , Poly Frédéric M.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

While Campylobacter jejuni is a leading foodborne bacterial pathogen worldwide, it poses a particular risk to susceptible populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A capsule-conjugate vaccine approach has been proposed as a potential solution, but little information exists on circulating C. jejuni capsule types in LMICs. The capsule is the major serodeterminant of the Penner typing scheme, which is based on serum recognition of Campylobacter heat-stable antigens. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the distribution of Penner serotypes associated with C. jejuni enteritis in LMICs. Vaccine coverage assessments for hypothetical regional and global C. jejuni vaccines were also estimated.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature published from 1980 to 2019 was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Articles were assessed for eligibility and data were abstracted. Pooled C. jejuni serotype prevalence in LMICs was estimated by region and globally using random-effects models.

Results

A total of 36 studies were included, capturing 4,434 isolates from LMICs. Fifteen serotypes were present in a sufficient number of studies to be included in analyses. Among these, HS4c was the most common serotype globally (12.6%), though leading capsule types varied among regions. HS2, HS3c, HS4c, HS5/31, HS8/17, and HS10 were all among the 10 most common region-specific serotypes.

Conclusions

The results of this review suggest that an octavalent vaccine could provide up to 66.9% coverage of typable strains worldwide, and 56.8–69.0% regionally. This review also highlights the paucity of available data on capsules in LMICs; more testing is needed to inform vaccine development efforts.
Shortness of breath in children at the emergency department: Variability in management in Europe
Authors: Borensztajn Dorine , Zachariasse Joany M. , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Alves Claudio F. , Freitas Paulo , Smit Frank J. , van der Lei Johan , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Maconochie Ian , Moll Henriëtte A.
Published: May 2021

Objective

Our aim was to describe variability in resource use and hospitalization in children presenting with shortness of breath to different European Emergency Departments (EDs) and to explore possible explanations for variability.

Design

The TrIAGE project, a prospective observational study based on electronic health record data.

Patients and setting

Consecutive paediatric emergency department visits for shortness of breath in five European hospitals in four countries (Austria, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom) during a study period of 9–36 months (2012–2014).

Main outcome measures

We assessed diversity between EDs regarding resource use (diagnostic tests, therapy) and hospital admission using multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounding variables.

Results

In total, 13,552 children were included. Of those, 7,379 were categorized as immediate/very urgent, ranging from 13–80% in the participating hospitals. Laboratory tests and X-rays were performed in 8–33% of the cases and 21–61% was treated with inhalation medication. Admission rates varied between 8–47% and PICU admission rates varied between 0.1–9%. Patient characteristics and markers of disease severity (age, sex, comorbidity, urgency, vital signs) could explain part of the observed variability in resource use and hospitalization. However, after adjusting for these characteristics, we still observed substantial variability between settings.

Conclusion

European EDs differ substantially regarding the resource use and hospitalization in children with shortness of breath, even when adjusting for patient characteristics. Possible explanations for this variability might be unmeasured patient characteristics such as underlying disease, differences in guideline use and adherence or different local practice patterns.
Breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors in the United Arab Emirates: A retrospective study
Authors: Elobaid Yusra , Aamir Maria , Grivna Michal , Suliman Abubaker , Attoub Samir , Mousa Hussam , Ahmed Luai A. , Oulhaj Abderrahim
Published: May 2021

Background

Data on breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors are lacking in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sociodemographic and pathologic factors have been studied widely in western populations but are very limited in this region. This study is the first to report breast cancer survival and investigate prognostic factors associated with its survival in the UAE.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study involving 988 patients who were diagnosed and histologically confirmed with breast cancer between January 2008 and December 2012 at Tawam hospital, Al Ain, UAE. Patient were followed from the date of initial diagnosis until the date of death from any cause, lost-to-follow up or the end of December 2018. The primary outcome is overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curve along with the 2- and 5-year survivals. Different group of patients categorized according to prognostic factors were compared using the log-rank test. Multiple Cox proportional hazards models was used to examine the impact of several prognostic factors on the overall survival.

Results

The median study follow-up was 35 months. Of the 988 patients, 62 had died during their follow-up, 56 were lost to follow-up and 870 were still alive at the end of the study. The average age of patients was 48 years. The majority of patients presented to the hospital with grade II or III, 24% with at least stage 3 and 9.2% had metastasis. The 2-year and 5-year survivals were estimated to 97% and 89% respectively. Results of the multiple Cox proportional hazard model show that tumor grade, and stage of cancer at presentation are jointly significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion

The 2- and 5-year survival are within the norms compared to other countries. Significant clinical and pathological prognostic factors associated with survival were tumor grade, and the stage of cancer at presentation.
The incidence, characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK from March to September 2020: A national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS)
Authors: Vousden Nicola , Bunch Kathryn , Morris Edward , Simpson Nigel , Gale Christopher , O’Brien Patrick , Quigley Maria , Brocklehurst Peter , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Knight Marian
Published: May 2021

Background

There is a lack of population level data on risk factors, incidence and impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and their babies. The primary aim of this study was to describe the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in the UK compared to pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2.

Methods and findings

We conducted a national, prospective cohort study of all hospitalized pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from 01/03/2020 to 31/08/2020 using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System. Incidence rates were estimated using national maternity data. Overall, 1148 hospitalized women had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy, 63% of which were symptomatic. The estimated incidence of hospitalization with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 was 2.0 per 1000 maternities (95% CI 1.9–2.2) and for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 was 1.2 per 1000 maternities (95% CI 1.1–1.4). Compared to pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2, women hospitalized with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR 1.86, (95% CI 1.39–2.48) and aOR 2.07 (1.53–2.29)), to be of Black, Asian or Other minority ethnic group (aOR 6.24, (3.93–9.90), aOR 4.36, (3.19–5.95) and aOR 12.95, (4.93–34.01)), and to have a relevant medical comorbidity (aOR 1.83 (1.32–2.54)). Hospitalized pregnant women with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be admitted to intensive care (aOR 57.67, (7.80–426.70)) but the absolute risk of poor outcomes was low. Cesarean births and neonatal unit admission were increased regardless of symptom status (symptomatic aOR 2.60, (1.97–3.42) and aOR 3.08, (1.99–4.77); asymptomatic aOR 2.02, (1.52–2.70) and aOR 1.84, (1.12–3.03)). The risks of stillbirth or neonatal death were not significantly increased, regardless of symptom status.

Conclusions

We have identified factors that increase the risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. Clinicians can be reassured that the majority of women do not experience severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy.
Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States
Authors: Whitley Margaret D. , Ro Annie , Palma Anton
Published: May 2021

Background

In the United States, mothers’ employment status and occupation are related to breastfeeding. However, it is unclear whether not working leads to longer breastfeeding duration even when compared to professional/managerial jobs, which tend to accommodate breastfeeding better than service/manual labor jobs. Furthermore, occupation and breastfeeding are racially patterned, and it is possible that race could moderate the relationships between mother’s work and breastfeeding.

Methods

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we modeled breastfeeding duration based on mother’s employment/occupation (not working, professional/managerial work, or service/labor work) during the first 6 months postpartum, as well as mother’s race (White, Black or other) and other potential confounders. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and tested an interaction between employment/occupation type and race. Predictive margins were used to compare breastfeeding duration among subgroups.

Results

Mothers working in service/labor occupations had the shortest breastfeeding duration of the three employment/occupation groups, and there was no significant difference in duration between not working and professional/managerial occupation. White mothers had longer breastfeeding duration than Black mothers on average. When we included an interaction between employment/occupation and race, we found that among White mothers, non-working mothers breastfed the longest, while mothers in service/labor work breastfed for the shortest duration, but among Black mothers, mothers in professional/managerial work breastfed for longer than mothers in the other two work categories.

Discussion

Race moderated the relationship between employment status/occupation type and breastfeeding such that, for White mothers, not working was the most advantageous circumstance for breastfeeding, in line with traditional work-family conflict theory. In contrast, for Black mothers, professional/managerial work was the most advantageous circumstance. These findings support the idea of the Market-Family Matrix, which allows that different work scenarios may be more or less advantageous for parenting behaviors like breastfeeding, depending on mothers’ circumstances.
Sexual health knowledge and needs among young adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Kwon Su Jin , Im Yu-Mi
Published: May 2021

Advances in the treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) have increased life expectancy, entailing medical surveillance for a considerable number of adolescents and young adults with CHD for issues arising in areas such as sexual health. This study aimed to assess the sexual knowledge and the needs for sexual health education among this group. The participants comprised 53 young adult outpatients (27 males, median age: 23 years) who had undergone surgical interventions (median: 3 times) for CHD. The Knowledge related to Safe Sex Practice scale (KSSP), an assessment tool containing 15 questions on sexual knowledge, was administered, and the rates of correct answers for each item and the overall scale were compared with the age and sex of a control group (n = 164). The overall mean KSSP score of the participant group (10.5 ± 1.8) was significantly lower than that of the control group (11.1 ± 1.9, p = .035). The KSSP scores of the participants with low peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2 < 95%) were significantly lower (9.77 ± 1.85) than those with normal SaO2 (11.06 ± 1.85, p = .009). Regarding sexual health education, the participants reported receiving information about contraception as more important than other areas of sexual health. The rate of incorrect answers was higher for questions regarding natural ways of contraception utilizing infertile periods in the menstrual cycle. Based on an informed understanding of those with CHD, healthcare providers in this field should develop customized sexual health education for adolescents and young adults with CHD and implement customized sexual health education, including effective contraception methods.
Generally rare but occasionally severe weight gain after switching to an integrase inhibitor in virally suppressed AGEhIV cohort participants
Authors: Verboeket Sebastiaan O. , Boyd Anders , Wit Ferdinand W. , Verheij Eveline , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , Kootstra Neeltje , van der Valk Marc , Reiss Peter ,   on behalf of the AGEhIV Cohort Study Group
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Recent studies have reported disproportionate weight gain associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) initiation in antiretroviral therapy(ART)-naive people with HIV (PWH), particularly among black women. We investigated if HIV-positive AGEhIV participants with suppressed viremia switching to INSTI-containing ART experienced more weight gain compared to HIV-positive virally-suppressed non-switching and HIV-negative controls.

Methods

In the AGEhIV cohort, standardized weight measurements were performed biennially. Participants switching to INSTI-containing ART were 1:2:2 propensity score-matched with controls by age, gender, ethnicity and body mass index. Mean weight changes and proportions experiencing >5% or >10% weight gain were compared between study-groups using linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression, respectively.

Results

121 INSTI-switching participants and 242 participants from each of the control groups were selected. Across groups, median age was 53–55 years, 83–91% were male and 88–93% white. Mean weight change after switch among INSTI-switching participants was +0.14 kg/year (95%CI -0.25, +0.54) and similar among HIV-positive [+0.13 kg/year (95%CI +0.07, +0.33; P = .9)] and HIV-negative [+0.18 kg/year (95%CI 0.00, +0.37; P = .9)] controls. Weight gain >5% occurred in 28 (23.1%) INSTI-switching, 38 HIV-positive (15.7%, P = .085) and 32 HIV-negative controls (13.2%, P = .018). Weight gain >10% was rare.

Conclusions

Switching to INSTI-containing ART in our cohort of predominantly white men on long-term ART was not associated with greater mean weight gain, but >5% weight gain was more common than in controls. These results suggest that not all, but only certain, PWH may be particularly prone to gain a clinically significant amount of weight as a result of switching to INSTI.
Catalysis of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by animal and human cells
Authors: Guette-Marquet Simon , Roques Christine , Bergel Alain
Published: May 2021

Animal cells from the Vero lineage and MRC5 human cells were checked for their capacity to catalyse the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Vero cells needed 72 hours’ incubation to induce ORR catalysis. The cyclic voltammetry curves were clearly modified by the presence of the cells with a shift of ORR of 50 mV towards positive potentials and the appearance of a limiting current (59 μA.cm-2). The MRC5 cells induced considerable ORR catalysis after only 4 h of incubation with a potential shift of 110 mV but with large experimental deviation. A longer incubation time, of 24 h, made the results more reproducible with a potential shift of 90 mV. The presence of carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface or pre-treatment with foetal bovine serum or poly-D-lysine did not change the results. These data are the first demonstrations of the capability of animal and human cells to catalyse electrochemical ORR. The discussion of the possible mechanisms suggests that these pioneering observations could pave the way for electrochemical biosensors able to characterize the protective system of cells against oxidative stress and its sensitivity to external agents.
Significado de la experiencia vivida por las madres de niños con fibrosis quística
Authors: Catalán Monsalve Sandra , Rivera-Concha Rodrigo A. , Rivera Martínez María Soledad
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Conocer los significados de la experiencia vivida por madres en el proceso de cuidado de su hijo con fibrosis quística.Método: Diseño cualitativo fenomenológico en ocho madres, con entrevista en profundidad en la región de la Araucanía de Chile. Análisis por identificación de unidades de significado para configurar el fenómeno develado. En rigor, se aseguró credibilidad, confirmación, auditabilidad y transferencias; y en ética principios de beneficencia, autonomía, justicia, anonimato y confidencialidad.Resultados: Se develaron 5 categorías: Sufrimiento y shock al enfrentar el diagnóstico; Desesperación frente al sufrimiento del hijo; Inseguridad por difícil adherencia al tratamiento; Altos costos económicos e inserción en política gubernamental de salud y Desesperanza materna por falta de información sobre el cuidado del niño.Conclusión: Los resultados son similares a otros estudios internacionales, un aspecto destacable es la situación de pobreza que viven las madres, y coincide con la realidad de la región de la Araucanía. Por tanto, se debe enfatizar en acciones que aumenten la calidad de vida de las madres, el niño y la familia.
Seledri (Apium graveolens L.): Tanaman Aromatis Melawan Hipertensi
Authors: Widiyastuti Yuli , Widowati Lucie , Bahar Yul , Siswanto Usman
Published: May 2021

Seledri merupakan tanaman multimanfaat, baik untuk kecantikan maupun kesehatan. Buku ini hadir sebagai upaya untuk menyebarluaskan manfaat dari tanaman obat. Seledri merupakan tanaman aromatik, yang dapat digunakan untuk melebatkan rambut, mengurangi minyak di wajah, bahkan untuk membersihkan noda pada email gigi. Selain itu, seledri juga bermanfaat untuk peluruh air seni, antiseptik saluran kemih, penurun asam urat, memperlancar sirkulasi darah, serta mengatasi asma dan bronkitis, serta terbukti menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi. Buku ini juga ini mengupas informasi dari botani dan budi daya sampai ke aspek farmakologi dan pemanfaatan klinis. Kehadiran buku ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang salah satu tanaman obat, khususnya tanaman seledri. Selain itu, semoga buku ini mampu memberikan informasi yang komprehensif kepada masyarakat dan kalangan akademis yang membutuhkan.
Effect of Pc and MW
C6- on the accuracy of Gas Condensate Dewpoint Pressure estimation using Neural network modelling
Authors: Ikpeka Princewill , Ugwu Johnson , Pillai Gobind , Russell Paul
Published: May 2021

Dewpoint pressure (DPP) is one of the most important factors to be evaluated by reservoir engineers while planning the development of a gas condensate reservoir. Below the dewpoint pressure, liquid condenses out of the gaseous phase. This liquid condensate forms a “ring” or “bank” around the producing well in the near-well region. Normally this liquid will not flow until its saturation exceeds the critical condensate saturation (Scc) due to the capillary pressure and relative permeability of the porous medium. Hence it is very essential to accurately predict the dewpoint pressure of the reservoir fluid.Numerous studies have been done on predicting dewpoint pressure using neural networks. All of these studies focus on four key input parameters: Reservoir Temperature, Specific gravity, Compressibility factor and Molecular weight of heavier components (C7+). However, in this study, two multi-layer perception neural networks (MLPNN) were built. In developing the MLPNN models two new input parameters were introduced; Critical pressure and Molecular weight of lighter components (C6-).
SABERES DA BIODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Melo André Carneiro , Barzano Marco Antonio Leandro
Published: May 2021

O texto apresenta a experiência de uma pesquisa etnográfica desenvolvida com sujeitos de uma comunidade quilombola. Realizamos observações, conversas e entrevistas em diferentes momentos, todas registradas no diário de campo, em transcrições e em fotografias. A partir dos dados produzidos, criou-se uma escrita etnográfica referente aos saberes que orientam ações cotidianas nas relações sociais e culturais e, a partir disso, foi analisado como os saberes da biodiversidade são empreendidos socialmente, compreendidos e compartilhados. Considera-se que o território quilombola investigado é um locus de aprendizagens, problematizações, produção e compartilhamento dos saberes-fazeres, em que as histórias narradas apontam para conhecimentos construídos nas relações simbióticas com a natureza.
Análisis cualitativo de las neoformaciones en la edad preescolar
Authors: Arroyo Luz del Carmen Tejeda
Published: May 2021

A pesquisa mostra os resultados qualitativos da aplicação do jogo temático de papéis sociais no desenvolvimento de novas formações psicológicas em idade pré-escolar em uma população infantil do México, com a participação de professoras e mães. A abordagem histórico-cultural (VIGOTSKY, 1996) dá suporte à atividade de jogo de papéis, considerada como norteadora nesta idade psicológica. A pesquisa envolveu 59 pré-escolares do terceiro ano, pertencentes a uma instituição pública, 2 professoras de educação infantil, 2 professoras assistentes e 2 mães. A análise das condições de desenvolvimento psicológico das crianças antes e depois da aplicação do jogo de papéis mostra a importância dessa atividade norteadora no surgimento de novas formações psicológicas de personalidade reflexiva, atividade voluntária e imaginação.
Los motivos profesionales de los maestros de la escuela primaria desde la teoría de la actividad
Authors: González María Alejandra Morales , Solovieva Yulia
Published: May 2021

A teoria da atividade como concepção psicológica permite estudar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem como uma espécie de atividade coletiva conjunta. Um dos elementos estruturais dessa atividade são os motivos da atividade. Não existem estudos dedicados à análise das motivações da atividade profissional docente. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir proposta metodológica para o estudo das motivações profissionais    de    professores    do    ensino fundamental. O artigo discute contribuições teóricas e metodológicas originais da psicologia histórico-cultural e da teoria da atividade para estudo da motivação profissional no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na escola primária.