bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curiosity in news consumption
Authors: Qiu Jingyi , Golman Russell
Published: April 2024

We analyze how curiosity drives news consumption. We test predictions of the information‐gap theory of curiosity using over 100,000 WeChat news articles, applying NLP methods to construct measures of salience, importance, and surprisingness associated with news headlines, experimentally validating these measures, and using them to predict clicks. Our findings confirm that people tend to consume news when: the headline sparks a salient question; the content appears more important (e.g., emphasized by the headline's position on the webpage or an exclamation mark); the headline refers to more surprising topics (measured as the KL‐divergence from a baseline topic distribution); and the headline has lower valence. Information‐gap theory helps predict aggregate news consumption. Yet our data also reveal a small negative correlation between the number of clicks and the ratio of likes to clicks, suggesting that while inducing curiosity can drive short‐term news consumption, it doesn't necessarily enhance long‐term reader engagement.
Low‐Molecular Weight Compounds that Extend the Chronological Lifespan of Yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Ohtsuka Hokuto , Shimasaki Takafumi , Aiba Hirofumi
Published: April 2024

Yeast is an excellent model organism for research for regulating aging and lifespan, and the studies have made many contributions to date, including identifying various factors and signaling pathways related to aging and lifespan. More than 20 years have passed since molecular biological perspectives are adopted in this research field, and intracellular factors and signal pathways that control aging and lifespan have evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Furthermore, these findings have been applied to control the aging and lifespan of various model organisms by adjustment of the nutritional environment, genetic manipulation, and drug treatment using low‐molecular weight compounds. Among these, drug treatment is easier than the other methods, and research into drugs that regulate aging and lifespan is consequently expected to become more active. Chronological lifespan, a definition of yeast lifespan, refers to the survival period of a cell population under nondividing conditions. Herein, low‐molecular weight compounds are summarized that extend the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, along with their intracellular functions. The low‐molecular weight compounds are also discussed that extend the lifespan of other model organisms. Compounds that have so far only been studied in yeast may soon extend lifespan in other organisms.
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hybrid and Monolithic Reinforced Hypoeutectic Al–Si Matrix Composites
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad Reza , Nazemnezhad Reza , Farahmandrad Sahar
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the combined influence of Si element and reinforcing particles on the hardness and wear performance of aluminum matrix composites. The composites in focus include Fe‐based metallic glass (FMG) monolithic reinforced and FMG/SiC hybrid reinforced Al‐5 wt% Si matrix composites, fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS). A comprehensive investigation is carried out, encompassing the analysis of microstructural attributes and the examination of worn surfaces through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Additionally, the study scrutinized two pivotal factors—hardness and density—recognizing their pivotal roles in determining the tribological performance of these composites. The experimental findings demonstrated the presence of an oxide protective layer on the worn surfaces of all specimens. Although, FMG/SiC hybrid reinforced Al‐5 wt% Si matrix composite possessed the highest hardness value, the best tribological performance is observed in Si‐bearing monolithic reinforced composite. The addition of Si to the matrix of monolithic reinforced composite facilitates improved densification behavior and enhances the distribution of reinforcing particles, resulting in a more stable and protective oxide layer in this specific sample. Furthermore, the study identifies a transition in the operative wear mechanisms from delamination to mild abrasion and adhesion with the inclusion of Si element.
Enhancing Electrical Conductivity and Power Factor in Poly‐Glycol‐Bithienylthienothiophene with Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Through Tris (pentafluorophenyl) Borane Doping
Authors: Chen Nan (Louise) , Mukhopadhyay Tushita , Song Yunjia , Griggs Sophie , Kousseff Christina J. , McCulloch Iain , Katz Howard E.
Published: April 2024

Doping of organic semiconductors has served as an effective method to achieve high electrical conductivity and large thermoelectric power factor. This is of importance to the development of flexible/wearable electronics and green energy‐harvesting technologies. The doping impact of the Lewis acid tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane (BCF) on the thermoelectric performance of poly(2‐(4,4′‐bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)‐5′‐methyl‐[2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5‐yl)‐5‐methylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pgBTTT), a thiophene‐based polymer featuring oligoethylene glycol side chains is investigated. Tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), a well‐established dopant, is utilized as a comparison; however, its inability to co‐dissolve with pgBTTT in less polar solvents hinders the attainment of higher doping levels. Consequently, a comparative study is performed on the thermoelectric behavior of pgBTTT doped with BCF and F4TCNQ at a very low doping level. Subsequent investigation is carried out with BCF at higher doping levels. Remarkably, at 50 wt% BCF doping level, the highest power factor of 223 ± 4 µW m−1 K2 is achieved with an electrical conductivity of 2180 ± 360 S cm−1 and a Seebeck coefficient of 32 ± 1.3 µV K−1. This findings not only contribute valuable insights to the dopant interactions with oxygenated side chain polymers but also open up new avenues for high conductivity thermoelectric polymers in flexible electronic applications.
Active Hydrogen for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Gan Guoqiang , Hong Guo , Zhang Wenjun
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis (EAS) presents an attractive alternative to the Haber–Bosch process due to the benefits of energy saving, low carbon emission, environmental friendliness, and so on. However, the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) severely limits the yield, selectivity, and current efficiency of NH3. Although the accumulation and self‐aggregation of active hydrogen (H*) are the primary causes of the competing HER, it also serves as the critical active species and intermediate for the multistep hydrogenation and deoxygenation processes. Therefore, the sensible regulation of the H* generation and consumption are essential for enhancing EAS performance. And it is significant to thoroughly review the current strategies for H* control. Herein, a comprehensive introduction of H* to provide a fundamental understanding of its role in electrochemical reactions, including generation, conversion, identification, and quantification protocols is first proposed. In addition, the role and control strategies of H* in EAS are carefully summarized with a particular focus on regulating H* generation and consumption to enhance the activity, selectivity, and Faradaic efficiency. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives are discussed. This critical review is intended to offer a profound understanding of the regulation of H* in electrochemical reactions and the development of EAS technology.
Unprecedented POSS‐Linked 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks with 2‐Fold Interpenetrated scu or sqc Topology Regulated by Porphyrin Center for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Gao Ying , Li Senzhi , Gong Lei , Li Jing , Qi Dongdong , Liu Naifang , Bian Yongzhong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: April 2024

The synthesis and characterization of porphyrin center regulated three‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with 2‐fold interpenetrated scu or sqc topology have been investigated. These COFs exhibit unique structural features and properties, making them promising candidates for photocatalytic applications in CO2 reduction and artemisinin synthesis. The porphyrin center serves as an anchor for metal ions, allowing precise control over structures and functions of the frameworks. Furthermore, the metal coordination within the framework imparts desirable catalytic properties, enabling their potential use in photocatalytic reactions. Overall, these porphyrin center regulated metal‐controlled COFs offer exciting opportunities for the development of advanced materials with tailored functionalities.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Late‐Stage Incorporation of N‐Aryl Triazoles and Tetrazoles with Sulfonium Salts via C−H Activation
Authors: Simon Hendrik , Zangarelli Agnese , Bauch Tristan , Ackermann Lutz
Published: April 2024

The late‐stage functionalization of active pharmaceutical ingredients is a key challenge in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, N‐aryl triazoles and tetrazoles are important structural motifs with the potential to boost the activity of diverse drug molecules. Using easily accessible dibenzothiophenium salts for the ruthenium‐catalyzed C−H arylation, these scaffolds were introduced into a variety of bioactive compounds. Our methodology uses cost‐efficient ruthenium, KOAc as a mild base and gives access to a plethora of highly decorated triazole and tetrazole containing drug derivatives.
An Expedient Radical Approach for the Decarboxylative Synthesis of Stereodefined All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted Olefins
Authors: Zeng Qian , Nirwan Yamini , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: April 2024

We report a user‐friendly approach for the decarboxylative formation of stereodefined and complex tri‐ and tetra‐substituted olefins from vinyl cyclic carbonates and amines as radical precursors. The protocol relies on easy photo‐initiated α‐amino‐radical formation followed by addition onto the double bond of the substrate resulting in a sequence involving carbonate ring‐opening, double bond relay, CO2 extrusion and finally O‐protonation. The developed protocol is efficient for both mismatched and matched polarity substrate combinations, and the scope of elaborate stereodefined olefins that can be forged including drug‐functionalized derivatives is wide, diverse and further extendable to other types of heterocyclic and radical precursors. Mechanistic control reactions show that the decarboxylation step is a key driving force towards product formation, with the initial radical addition under steric control.
Synthesis and properties of bio‐based environmental plasticizer derived from oleic acid for poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Huang Wenyan , Nan Hui , Ma Jianzhe , Dong Kuiyun , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Guangxi , Wu Jian , Xue Caihong , Xu Shiai , Zhong Heyan
Published: April 2024

Using the abundant and cost‐effective oleic acid and isosorbide with excellent properties as raw materials, the plasticizers of isosorbide di‐oleate (IDO) and isosorbide di‐epoxidized oleate (IDEO) with good plasticizing effect, low cost and green safety were synthesized by esterification and epoxidation reaction. The molecular structure of the synthesized plasticizers was characterized by FT‐IR and 1H NMR. The PVC shows better flexibility when IDEO or IDO plasticizer is used than commercial DOP. In particular, IDEO‐40 has 34% higher tensile strength and 17% higher elongation at break than DOP‐40. The introduction of epoxy groups on the carbon–carbon double bond of fatty acids meets the high thermal stability of plasticized film. The residual amount of IDEO‐40 is 7.01%, and at a high temperature of 180 °C, it can maintain high heat resistance for more than 220 min and transmittance of over 86%. Moreover, IDEO demonstrates excellent resistance to migration and volatilization. However, PVC films plasticized with IDO display reduced mechanical properties, cold resistance, and resistance to volatilization and migration due to the presence of non‐rotating carbon–carbon double bonds. The results indicate that these bio‐based plasticizers hold promise for practical applications in PVC products, offering improved environmental sustainability and performance characteristics.
Paying for sea turtles as incentive for conservation in São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: Ferreira Rogério L.
Published: April 2024

Although incentives for sea turtle conservation are widespread, few interventions involving direct payments to individuals for releasing captured turtles have been documented, limiting valuable learning opportunities for conservation practitioners and hindering the development of the field.

This study reports on two initiatives involving the purchase of live sea turtles from citizens in São Tomé and Príncipe, highlighting the inappropriateness of this measure in impoverish locations by unveiling unplanned consequences and their implications for future conservation efforts.

To ensure effectiveness and lasting behaviour change of stakeholders, the design of conservation experiments in economically disadvantaged areas or marginalized communities, particularly those conducted by outsiders, should incorporate an ethnographic component and consider the impacts on the well‐being of local people.
Winter Storm Uri: Public Drinking Water System Resilience in Texas
Authors: Tomko Brianna , Nittrouer Christine L. , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier , Sawyer Audrey H.
Published: April 2024

Key Takeaways

Water service providers need to prepare for more extreme weather events in a changing climate.

A geospatial analysis found that differences in boil‐water advisory lengths issued during 2021's Winter Storm Uri were based on the population served and rural or urban location.

A cross‐sectional survey showed that many individuals were unaware of or confused about the advisories that were (or were not) issued.
Characterization and validation of fatty acid metabolism‐related genes predicting prognosis, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity in endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Haojia , Zhou Ting , Zhang Qi , Yao Yuwei , Hua Teng , Zhang Jun , Wang Hongbo
Published: April 2024

Endometrial cancer is considered to be the second most common tumor of the female reproductive system, and patients diagnosed with advanced endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis. The influence of fatty acid metabolism in the prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer remains unclear. We constructed a prognostic risk model using transcriptome sequencing data of endometrial cancer and clinical information of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm, followed by functional analysis and immunotherapy efficacy prediction by gene set variation analysis. The role of model genes in regulating endometrial cancer in vitro was verified by CCK‐8, colony formation, wound healing, and transabdominal invasion assays, and verified in vivo by subcutaneous tumor transplantation in nude mice. A prognostic model containing 14 genes was constructed and validated in 3 cohorts and clinical samples. The results showed differences in the infiltration of immune cells between the high‐risk and low‐risk groups, and that the high‐risk group may respond better to immunotherapy. Experiments in vitro confirmed that knockdown of epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) and acyl‐CoA oxidase like (ACOXL) had an inhibitory effect on EC cells, as did overexpression of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS). The same results were obtained in experiments in vivo. Prognostic models related to fatty acid metabolism can be used for the risk assessment of endometrial cancer patients. Experiments in vitro and in vivo confirmed that the key genes HPGDS, EPHX2, and ACOXL in the prognostic model may affect the development of endometrial cancer.
FinTech solutions for sustainable agricultural value chains: A perspective from smallholder farmers
Authors: Rayhan Md. Johir , Rahman S. M. Masudur , Mamun Abdullah Al , Saif Abu Naser Mohammad , Islam K. M. Anwarul , Alom Md. Mahabub , Hafiz Nusrat
Published: April 2024

Smallholder farmers in developing nations face multifaceted challenges as they strive to secure fair prices for their agricultural products. With a primary focus on bolstering sustainable agricultural value chains (SAVC), this conceptual paper investigates the transformative potential of Financial Technology (FinTech) solutions. The study synthesizes insights from prior research on SAVC, hurdles faced by smallholder farmers, conventional strategies, and the untapped prospects offered by FinTech solutions in the agricultural sector. Utilizing the PRISMA strategy for comprehensive documentation retrieval, the study underscores the significance of creating a robust SAVC to empower smallholder farmers within the broader value chain landscape. It is found that Agri‐FinTech solutions represent a pivotal avenue for advancing living standards and cultivating agricultural sustainability in developing nations. The integration of FinTech solutions for agri‐credit mechanisms and product market facilitation catalyzes enabling pre‐production financing and ensures fair prices for smallholder farmers in the post‐production phase while neutralizing the value chain's exploitation potential. The study advocates for the expeditious adoption of information technology in developing countries, spotlighting the transformative role of Mobile Financial Services (MFS), which fortifies the agriculture sector, ensuring its resilience and responsiveness to the evolving demands of a globalized market. Drawing upon an evaluation of existing literature on FinTech‐enhanced agricultural initiatives in developing nations, the study outlines directions for future research and creates a path for a more nuanced understanding of the strategic enhancements necessary to fortify the SAVC, fostering a sustainable and equitable ecosystem for smallholder farmers.
An exploration of drivers for small businesses to implement environmental actions in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Dinesh Lakshmi Palaparambil , Gajanayake Akvan , Iyer‐Raniga Usha
Published: April 2024

The adoption of environmental practices in small and medium scale businesses is increasing. Given the diverse environmental actions available to firms, it is important to understand the specific drivers for different actions to be taken. Based on managerial survey data from Victoria, Australia, this research uses modeling to determine how ethical conscience of managers drive different types of sustainable environmental actions. The results indicate that ethical conscience of managers drives waste, energy and water related actions, while external factors such as supply chain imperatives and customer demand drive circular business actions. New technology and industry guidelines were major barriers for most types of environmental actions while social barriers were significant for energy and water related actions. This implies that the increased ethical conscience of managers, especially while adopting new technology can increase the adoption of environmental actions in businesses. The results will have implications in crafting the corporate strategy and developing good and services that will aid to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11 and 12), focusing on sustainable cities and communities, and responsible production and consumption.
How does green consumers' self‐concept promote willingness to pay more? A sequential mediation effect of green product virtue and green perceived value
Authors: Tawde Swapnil Ganesh , RV ShabbirHusain
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the consumers' processing route of WTPM for green products from consumers' self‐concepts. Employing the norm activation model and Lazarus appraisal theory, this study proposes the direct and indirect routes of self‐concepts (i.e., green and product self‐concepts) that influence consumers' WTPM. The causal chain of green product virtue and green perceived value is explored. Online survey data for 313 Indian green consumers inform the findings. The findings reveal that consumers' product self‐concept and green self‐concept influence their WTPM through green product virtue and green perceived value. Such findings support the sequential mediation effect. This study provides an alternative and novel psychological mechanism for how consumers' self‐concepts can influence WTPM through green product virtue and green perceived value. The findings inform green marketers to use green product virtue and green perceived value to induce green consumers' WTPM while designing effective segmentation and communication strategies.
Molecular insights into the potential effects of selective estrogen receptor β agonists in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Rymbai Emdormi , Sugumar Deepa , Chakkittukandiyil Amritha , Kothandan Ram , Selvaraj Divakar
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Pathologically, AD and PD are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Hence, they are also called as proteinopathy diseases. Gender is considered as one of the risk factors in both diseases. Estrogens are widely accepted to be neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative disorders. Estrogens can be produced in the central nervous system, where they are called as neurosteroids. Estrogens mediate their neuroprotective action mainly through their actions on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). However, ERα is mainly involved in the growth and development of the primary and secondary sexual organs in females. Hence, the activation of ERα is associated with undesired side effects such as gynecomastia and increase in the risk of breast cancer, thromboembolism, and feminization. Therefore, selective activation of ERβ is often considered to be safer. In this review, we explore the role of ERβ in regulating the expression and functions of AD‐ and PD‐associated genes. Additionally, we discuss the association of these genes with the amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ) and α‐synuclein mediated toxicity. Ultimately, we established a correlation between the importance of ERβ activation and the process underlying ERβ‘s neuroprotective mechanisms in AD and PD.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein‐Derived Cyclic Peptides as Modulators of Spike Interaction with GRP78
Authors: Johnson Nicholas , Pattinson Craig , Burgoyne Kate , Hijazi Karolin , Houssen Wael E. , Milne Bruce F.
Published: April 2024

The human glucose‐regulated protein GRP78 is a human chaperone that translocactes to the cell surface when cells are under stress. Theoretical studies suggested it could be involved in SARS‐CoV‐2 virus entry to cells. In this work, we used in vitro surface plasmon resonance‐based assays to show that human GRP78 indeed binds to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. We have designed and synthesised cyclic peptides based on the loop structure of amino acids 480–488 of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 domain from the Wuhan and Omicron variants and showed that both peptides bind to GRP78. Consistent with the greater infectiousness of the Omicron variant, the Omicron‐derived peptide displays slower dissociation from the target protein. Both peptides significantly inhibit the binding of wild‐type S1 protein to the human protein GRP78 suggesting that further development of these cyclic peptide motifs may provide a viable route to novel anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents.
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism masking an atypical parathyroid tumor
Authors: Laskou Styliani , Kountouri Ismini , Paschou Eleni , Topalidis Christos , Axi Paraskevi , Petrakis Georgios , Kosmidis Christoforos , Sapalidis Konstantinos
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Atypical parathyroid tumors represent a group of parathyroid neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential. In view of preoperative diagnostic difficulties, suspicious features for malignancy may guide the surgeon to perform a radical surgical approach.
Subtotal cholecystectomy with omental pedicle plug for the challenging gallbladder: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Stellon Michael A. , Fleming Cullen J. , Scarborough John E.
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

If patient anatomy or disease does not allow for a traditional or partial cholecystectomy, an omental pedicle plug may be a viable option to limit the risk of postoperative uncontrolled bile leak from the cystic duct and to control patient symptoms.
Cystic meningiomas: A complex diagnostic challenge and clinicopathological insights from a unique case presentation
Authors: Singh Deepa , Scalia Gianluca , Mathand Veeresh U. , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Meningiomas present diverse clinical and radiological characteristics, with cystic formations constituting a lesser subset but posing significant diagnostic hurdles. We explore the complexities of cystic meningiomas through a distinctive case, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management due to their variable presentations. A 54‐year‐old female from Bengaluru, Karnataka, initially presented with transient memory disturbances. Brain MRI revealed a sizable left frontal cystic lesion exerting a mass effect and midline shift. However, rapid neurological decline led to an urgent surgical intervention via decompressive craniectomy unveiling unique intraoperative findings and with subsequent histopathological documentation of a Grade WHO 1 cystic meningioma. Cystic meningiomas present intricate diagnostic challenges resembling other intracranial lesions. Various classification systems attempt to categorize these tumors based on their imaging and histopathological characteristics. Despite this, atypical clinical manifestations often lead to misdiagnoses, necessitating a comprehensive approach to differential diagnosis. Further research is crucial to unravel the mechanisms underlying these tumors' cystic changes for improved diagnostic accuracy and tailored therapeutic interventions.
Performance of Transition Metals in Imidazolium‐Assisted CO2 Reduction in Acetonitrile
Authors: Neyrizi Sobhan , Hempenius Mark A. , Mul Guido
Published: April 2024

This study explores the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in dry acetonitrile containing 1,3‐dimethyl imidazolium cations, utilizing late‐transition metals (Au, Ag, Zn, Cu, and Ni). All metals exhibit remarkable selectivity, nearing 100 %, for CO formation. Particularly noteworthy is Au, which manifests the lowest (−2.37 V vs. Ag/Ag+) overpotential in chronopotentiometry experiments. We propose that, for metals with lower CO binding energies compared to Au (Ag and Zn electrodes) – calculated by DFT, the rate‐determining step is the adsorption of CO2. This distinction in CO2 adsorption is reinforced by the examination of partial charge transfer from negatively charged slabs to CO2 (−0.241 a.u with the Au electrode and +0.002 a.u with the Zn electrode). Conversely, the greater CO binding energy calculated for Cu and Ni likely diminishes electrocatalytic activity relative to the Au electrode. Our results unveil a volcano trend in catalyst activity, albeit with smaller performance disparities between the late‐transition metals and Au than previously observed in aqueous conditions, possibly due to the co‐catalytic influence of imidazolium cations. This study suggests that metals unsuitable for aqueous environments hold promise for cost‐effective and viable electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO in non‐aqueous media containing imidazolium compounds.
Perfect Polar Alignment of Parallel Beloamphiphile Layers: Improved Structural Design Bias Realized in Ferroelectric Crystals of the Novel “Methoxyphenyl Series of Acetophenone Azines”
Authors: Bhoday Harmeet , Knotts Nathan , Glaser Rainer
Published: April 2024

Invited for the cover of this issue are Harmeet Bhoday, Nathan Knotts, and Rainer Glaser at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. Joe Miner, the university mascot, is a silent and honorary co‐author and personifies the spirit of the old west and the determination to succeed (our emphasis). The image depicts one (MeO‐Ph, Y)‐azine molecule and a model of a perfectly polar stacked bilayer. The floodlight illumination presents a graphic metaphor of second‐harmonic generation (frequency doubling) by the crystalline ferroelectric materials. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202400182.
N,N‐Diarylsulfonamide Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin‐6 Levels in Cells through Nuclear Factor‐κB Regulation
Authors: Babar Dattatraya A. , Khansole Gopinath , Kumar Singh Vishal , Shinde Akash , Vaishnavi Kambhampati , Balaji Andugulapati Sai , Rode Haridas B.
Published: April 2024

The arylsulfonamides were synthesized from aryl sulfonyl chloride and aromatic amines in dichloromethane in the presence of pyridine. The aryne chemistry was used to prepare diarylsulfonamide from arylsulfonamides and O‐silylaryl triflate with CsF in acetonitrile at room temperature for 30 min. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity followed by the cytokine/inflammatory marker's inhibition capability and its mechanism of action in RAW‐264.7 cells. Elevated interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels have been reported in inflammatory conditions and inflammation‐associated disorders. Hence, reducing the IL‐6 levels in inflammatory conditions can serve as an attractive therapeutic target in dealing the inflammation. Among 42 compounds, seven compounds showed significant inhibition of IL‐6 levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged RAW‐264.7 cells at 12.5 μM concentration. Further, investigation revealed that the IC50 value of these compounds for reducing IL‐6 levels was found to be in the range of 2.6 to 9.7 μM. The promising compounds 5y (IC50 of 2.6 μM) and 5n (IC50 of 4.1 μM) along with other derivatives fulfil drug‐likeness parameters laid down by Lipinski's rule of five. Further, RT‐qPCR and Western‐blot analysis revealed that treatment with 5n significantly reduced the expression of pro‐inflammatory, inflammatory and macrophage marker's expression (IL‐1β, CCL2, COX2 and CD68) compared to LPS control. The mechanistic evaluation showed that 5n exhibited anti‐inflammatory properties by modulating the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation. The identified compound can be a promising candidate for further discovery efforts to generate a preclinical candidate effective in inflammation.
Top advances of the year: Uterine cancer
Authors: Erickson Britt K. , Slomovitz Brian , Powell Matthew , Eskander Ramez N.
Published: April 2024

Endometrial cancer continues to be the only gynecologic malignancy with a rising incidence and mortality, with both regional and global implications. Combination carboplatin and paclitaxel has been the recognized chemotherapy backbone for the treatment of advanced‐stage or recurrent disease, with modest clinical outcomes. Over the last year, significant advances were achieved in improving oncologic outcomes by capitalizing on the molecular characterization of this heterogenous disease. These advances include incorporation of immunotherapy, identification of effective hormonal approaches, the evolution of antibody drug conjugates, and utilization of alternate targeted therapies.

Plain Language Summary

The molecular characterization of endometrial cancer has been critical in informing novel treatment strategies.

Over the past year, significant gains have been made via the incorporation of immunotherapy, hormonal combinations as well as antibody drug conjugates.
Combining WO3@AuNPs with Poly(amidoamine) Allows Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of DR1 Based on Dual Signal Amplification
Authors: Wei Haiyan , Cui Xiaojing , Yang Huaixia , Si Fuchun , Zhang Yaping
Published: April 2024

Down‐regulator of transcription 1 (DR1) is considered as a biomarker of hashimoto‘s thyroiditis (HT), which is a risk factor for thyroid cancer. Here, a label‐free electrochemical biosensor for DR1 detection was constructed based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) polymer and the nanocomposite (WO3@AuNPs) composed of tungsten trioxide (WO3) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). WO3@AuNPs was obtained by combining monolayer WO3 nanosheets, which has high conductivity, and AuNPs. The modification of WO3@AuNPs can not only increase the conductivity of the electrode but also provide more active sites for signaling units, thus greatly improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The polymer PAMAM is biocompatible and non‐immunogenic, and its end functional group can bind to the target molecules, providing them with more binding sites and thus improving the sensitivity of the sensor. Under optimal conditions, the label‐free biosensor showed a good linear relationship between the logarithm of DR1 concentration and the impedance in the range of 10 fg ⋅ mL−1 to 100 ng ⋅ mL−1, with a detection limit as low as 0.3 fg ⋅ mL−1. Besides, this label‐free electrochemical platform exhibited satisfactory selectivity and anti‐interference capability in human serum samples. Therefore, this method has considerable potential in clinical detection of DR1.
Researchers consider links between genetics and psychosis in teen use of psychedelics
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2024

Genetics may be more responsible for an association between psychedelic use by teens and manic symptoms than the use of the drug itself. A recent study of 16,255 adolescent twins found that psychedelic use was associated with lower rates of psychotic symptoms when adjusting for other drug use. However, psychedelic use was associated with more manic symptoms in teens with a higher genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. The findings are focused on psychedelic‐assisted therapy, which has shown promise in treating some psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the risk of psychotic or manic symptoms in teens who use psychedelics recreationally, not therapeutically. This study used the Swedish Twin Registry to investigate links between recreational psychedelic use and self‐reported psychotic or manic symptoms in adolescents. Among the 16,255 participants included in the analyses, 541 reported past use of psychedelics, most of whom (535 of 541 [99%]) also reported past use of other drugs. The findings come with significant limitations and should be interpreted with caution, the researchers concluded. Among the conflicts of interest reported, the lead author was the founder of Eudelics, a company which markets mindfulness, leadership, and psychedelics. Simonsson, O., et al. (2024, Mar 13). Adolescent psychedelic use and psychotic or manic symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0047.
A Comprehensive Study of Cu/W Double Substitution in Strontium Manganate Ceramics for Some Device Applications
Authors: Parida Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2024

In this communication, the synthesis and characterizations of modified strontium manganate (SrCu1/3Mn1/3W1/3O3) (SCMWO) by high‐temperature solid‐state method are reported. The structural analysis predicts a monoclinic structure with a crystallite size of 36.8 nm. The analysis of the Raman active modes reveals the presence of all the constituent atomic vibrations. The study of the ultraviolet–visible spectrum provides a bandgap energy of 1.71 eV, which may be suitable for photovoltaic applications. A Maxwell‐Wanger type of polarization effect is observed at low frequency while low dielectric loss makes the material suitable for energy storage devices. The study of the impedance plots reveals the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character. The activation energy increases with both frequency and temperature in the modified perovskite suggesting that conductivity of the sample increases and material characters are changing from dielectric to semiconducting. The symmetrical curves in the electrical modulus plots and shift toward higher frequency region agree with the results of the non‐Debye‐type of relaxation mechanism. The semicircular curves in the Cole–Cole plots confirm the semiconducting nature and are also well supported by the results of Nyquist plots. The studied material exhibits a semiconductor nature, which may be found suitable for energy storage device applications.
Pivotal Impact Factors in Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Value‐Added C1 and C2 Products
Authors: Cui Yongqian , Labidi Abdelkader , Liang Xinxin , Huang Xin , Wang Jingyi , Li Ximing , Dong Qibing , Zhang Xiaolong , Othman Sarah I. , Allam Ahmed A. , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Wang Chuanyi
Published: April 2024

Over the past decades, CO2 greenhouse emission has been considerably increased, causing global warming and climate change. Indeed, converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is a desired option to resolve issues caused by its continuous emission into the atmosphere. Nevertheless, CO2 conversion has been hampered by the ultrahigh dissociation energy of C=O bonds, which makes it thermodynamically and kinetically challenging. From this prospect, photocatalytic approaches appear promising for CO2 reduction in terms of their efficiency compared to other traditional technologies. Thus, many efforts have been made in the designing of photocatalysts with asymmetric sites and oxygen vacancies, which can break the charge distribution balance of CO2 molecule, reduce hydrogenation energy barrier and accelerate CO2 conversion into chemicals and fuels. Here, we review the recent advances in CO2 hydrogenation to C1 and C2 products utilizing photocatalysis processes. We also pin down the key factors or parameters influencing the generation of C2 products during CO2 hydrogenation. In addition, the current status of CO2 reduction is summarized, projecting the future direction for CO2 conversion by photocatalysis processes.
From understanding to action: Exploring molecular connections of Down syndrome to Alzheimer's disease for targeted therapeutic approach
Authors: Sukreet Sonal , Rafii Michael S. , Rissman Robert A.
Published: April 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by a third copy of chromosome 21. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Both disorders have elevated Aβ, tau, dysregulated immune response, and inflammation. In people with DS, Hsa21 genes like APP and DYRK1A are overexpressed, causing an accumulation of amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles, and potentially contributing to an increased risk of AD. As a result, people with DS are a key demographic for research into AD therapeutics and prevention. The molecular links between DS and AD shed insights into the underlying causes of both diseases and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Also, using biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring is an active area of research, and genetic screening for high‐risk individuals may enable earlier intervention. Finally, the fundamental mechanistic parallels between DS and AD emphasize the necessity for continued research into effective treatments and prevention measures for DS patients at risk for AD. Genetic screening with customized therapy approaches may help the DS population in current clinical studies and future biomarkers.
Cognitive and functional performance and plasma biomarkers of early Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome
Authors: Schworer Emily K. , Handen Benjamin L. , Petersen Melissa , O'Bryant Sid , Peven Jamie C. , Tudorascu Dana L. , Lee Laisze , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Hom Christy L. , Clare Isabel C. H. , Christian Bradley T. , Schupf Nicole , Lee Joseph H. , Head Elizabeth , Mapstone Mark , Lott Ira , Ances Beau M. , Zaman Shahid , Brickman Adam M. , Lai Florence , Rosas H. Diana , Hartley Sigan L. ,   the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium‐Down Syndrome
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

People with Down syndrome (DS) have a 75% to 90% lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD pathology begins a decade or more prior to onset of clinical AD dementia in people with DS. It is not clear if plasma biomarkers of AD pathology are correlated with early cognitive and functional impairments in DS, and if these biomarkers could be used to track the early stages of AD in DS or to inform inclusion criteria for clinical AD treatment trials.

METHODS

This large cross‐sectional cohort study investigated the associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and cognitive (episodic memory, visual–motor integration, and visuospatial abilities) and functional (adaptive behavior) impairments in 260 adults with DS without dementia (aged 25–81 years).

RESULTS

In general linear models lower plasma Aβ42/40 was related to lower visuospatial ability, higher total tau was related to lower episodic memory, and higher NfL was related to lower visuospatial ability and lower episodic memory.

DISCUSSION

Plasma biomarkers may have utility in tracking AD pathology associated with early stages of cognitive decline in adults with DS, although associations were modest.

Highlights

Plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers correlate with cognition prior to dementia in Down syndrome.

Lower plasma amyloid beta 42/40 was related to lower visuospatial abilities.

Higher plasma total tau and neurofilament light chain were associated with lower cognitive performance.

Plasma biomarkers show potential for tracking early stages of AD symptomology.
A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative research investigating disordered eating and help‐seeking in elite athletes
Authors: Fatt Scott J. , George Emma , Hay Phillipa , Jeacocke Nikki , Day Sinead , Mitchison Deborah
Published: April 2024

Objective

Elite athletes are at elevated risk for disordered eating and eating disorders; however, little is known about risk and maintaining factors, or barriers and facilitators of help‐seeking in this cohort. This systematic review synthesized qualitative findings regarding possible risk and maintaining factors for disordered eating, as well as barriers to and facilitators of help‐seeking in elite athletes.

Method

We conducted a search for qualitative studies that included experiences with body image concerns or disordered eating in elite athletes. A systematic search of CINAHL, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases identified 828 articles, with 87 retained after title and abstract screening, and 38 included in the review. Quality appraisal was conducted using the checklist for appraising qualitative research (CASP). Data were extracted from each article, including demographic information (e.g., biological sex, age, sport type, level of competition, current, or former athlete) and the text under the “results” or “findings” section. Meta‐themes were identified using inductive thematic meta‐synthesis.

Results

The extracted data indicated that most studies sampled female athletes from the United States and UK. Eight meta‐themes were identified: (1) the power imbalance; (2) hyperfocus on body, food, and exercise; (3) rigidity; (4) the athlete's balance; (5) the athlete identity; (6) overvaluation and oversimplification; (7) shame, fear, and stigma; and (8) knowledge, education, and self‐identification.

Discussion

These findings highlighted gaps in the demographic representation of specific groups in this research (e.g., males, para‐athletes, and ethnic diversity) and propose hypotheses of how sport pressure might contribute to athletes' experiences with disordered eating.

Public Significance

Disordered eating and body image concerns are prevalent and can have debilitating impacts for elite athletes; however, help‐seeking is rare for this population. It remains unclear what factors contribute to disordered eating and/or inhibit help‐seeking among elite athletes versus the general population. Understanding athletes' perspectives will inform the modification of prevention and treatment strategies to address athlete‐specific factors.
A randomized controlled trial of an online single session intervention for body image in individuals with recurrent binge eating
Authors: Messer Mariel , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Liu Claudia , Anderson Cleo , Linardon Jake
Published: April 2024

Objective

Theoretical models highlight body image disturbances as central to the maintenance of eating disorders, with empirical evidence finding negative body image to be a robust predictor of treatment nonresponse, relapse and symptom persistence. Accessible, scalable, and inexpensive interventions that can effectively target negative body image across the eating disorders are needed. We developed an online single session intervention (SSI) for negative body image and evaluated its acceptability and efficacy in a randomized controlled trial in individuals with recurrent binge eating.

Method

Participants with recurrent binge eating were randomly assigned to the SSI (n = 99) or a waitlist (n = 101). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 week follow‐up, and 8 week follow‐up.

Results

81% of participants accessed the SSI, demonstrating reasonable uptake. However, issues with attrition were apparent; a 32% study dropout rate was observed at posttest, while a 58% dropout rate was observed at follow‐up. 87% of participants who completed satisfaction measures would recommend the SSI. SSI participants experienced greater improvements in negative body image at both 4 (d = −0.65) and 8 week (d = −0.74) follow‐up. Significant between‐group effects were also observed on most other secondary symptom measures, though no differences were found for motivations and help‐seeking beliefs and intentions.

Conclusion

Body image‐focused self‐guided SSIs for recurrent binge are largely accepted by those who are retained in the trial, but are associated with significant attrition. Although SSIs are not intended to replace standard treatment, they may help with short‐term symptom management and could play an important role in eating disorder care.

Public Significance

Single session interventions (SSI) are a potentially accessible, scalable, and cost‐effective way to deliver evidence‐based treatment content to people with eating disorders. This study shows that an online (SSI) designed to target body image among people with recurrent binge eating is accepted and produced short‐term symptom relief.
An ensemble model predicts an upward range shift of the endemic and endangered Yellow‐throated Apalis (Apalis flavigularis) under future climate change in Malawi
Authors: Banda Lumbani Benedicto , Dejene Sintayehu W. , Mzumara Tiwonge I. , McCarthy Christopher , Pangapanga‐Phiri Innocent
Published: April 2024

Climate change poses a significant threat to endemic and endangered montane bird species with limited elevation and temperature ranges. Understanding their responses to changes in climate is essential for informing conservation actions. This study focused on the montane dwelling Yellow‐throated Apalis (Apalis flavigularis) in Malawi, aiming to identify key factors affecting its distribution and predicting its potential distribution under different climate change scenarios. Using an ensemble species distribution modeling approach, we found that the mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio9), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (Bio8), and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were the most important variables that influenced the distribution of this species. Across future climate scenarios, the species' geographic range declined where range losses varied from 57.74% (2050 RCP 6.0) to 82.88% (2070 RCP 6.0). We estimate its current range size to be 549 km2 which is lower than some previous estimates of its spatial distribution. Moreover, our projections indicate that under future climate scenarios, the species will shift to higher elevations with a large proportion of suitable areas located outside forests, posing challenges for adaptation. Our results suggest that the species may be under greater threat than previously thought; hence, urgent conservation actions are required. We recommend reinforcing the protection of areas predicted to remain suitable under future climate scenarios and the development of a species conservation action plan.