bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali
Authors: Zambrana Luis E. , McKeen Starin , Ibrahim Hend , Zarei Iman , Borresen Erica C. , Doumbia Lassina , Boré Abdoulaye , Cissoko Alima , Douyon Seydou , Koné Karim , Perez Johann , Perez Claudia , Hess Ann , Abdo Zaid , Sangaré Lansana , Maiga Ababacar , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Yuan Lijuan , Koita Ousmane , Vilchez Samuel , Ryan Elizabeth P.
Published: September 2019

Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens and diarrhea, and warrants attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children. EED is a subclinical condition associated with stunting due to impaired nutrient absorption. This study investigated the effects of rice bran supplementation on weight for age and length for age z-scores (WAZ, LAZ), EED stool biomarkers, as well as microbiota and metabolome signatures in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old that reside in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control (no intervention) or a rice bran group that received daily supplementation with increasing doses at each month (1–5 g/day). Stool microbiota were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible to support changes in LAZ from 6–8 and 8–12 months of age in Nicaragua and Mali infants when compared to control. WAZ was significantly improved only for Mali infants at 8 and 12 months. Mali and Nicaraguan infants showed major differences in the overall gut microbiota and metabolome composition and structure at baseline, and thus each country cohort demonstrated distinct microbial and metabolite profile responses to rice bran supplementation when compared to control. Rice bran is a practical dietary intervention strategy that merits development in rice-growing regions that have a high prevalence of growth stunting due to malnutrition and diarrheal diseases. Rice is grown as a staple food, and the bran is used as animal feed or wasted in many low- and middle-income countries where EED and stunting is prevalent.
Elimination of the four extracellular matrix molecules tenascin-C, tenascin-R, brevican and neurocan alters the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapses
Authors: Gottschling Christine , Wegrzyn David , Denecke Bernd , Faissner Andreas
Published: September 2019

The synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is not limited to the interplay between the pre- and the postsynapse of neurons, but involves also astrocytes as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Glycoproteins, proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid of the ECM pervade the pericellular environment and condense to special superstructures termed perineuronal nets (PNN) that surround a subpopulation of CNS neurons. The present study focuses on the analysis of PNNs in a quadruple knockout mouse deficient for the ECM molecules tenascin-C (TnC), tenascin-R (TnR), neurocan and brevican. Here, we analysed the proportion of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and performed electrophysiological recordings of the spontaneous neuronal network activity of hippocampal neuronsin vitro. While we found an increase in the number of excitatory synaptic molecules in the quadruple knockout cultures, the number of inhibitory synaptic molecules was significantly reduced. This observation was complemented with an enhancement of the neuronal network activity level. Thein vivoanalysis of PNNs in the hippocampus of the quadruple knockout mouse revealed a reduction of PNN size and complexity in the CA2 region. In addition, a microarray analysis of the postnatal day (P) 21 hippocampus was performed unravelling an altered gene expression in the quadruple knockout hippocampus.
Chemically Functionalised Graphene FET Biosensor for the Label-free Sensing of Exosomes
Authors: Kwong Hong Tsang Deana , Lieberthal Tyler J. , Watts Clare , Dunlop Iain E. , Ramadan Sami , del Rio Hernandez Armando E. , Klein Norbert
Published: September 2019

A graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) was non-covalently functionalised with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and conjugated with anti-CD63 antibodies for the label-free detection of exosomes. Using a microfluidic channel, part of a graphene film was exposed to solution. The change in electrical properties of the exposed graphene created an additional minimum alongside the original Dirac point in the drain-source current (Ids) - back-gate voltage (Vg) curve. When phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was present in the channel, the additional minimum was present at a Vg lower than the original Dirac point and shifted with time when exosomes were introduced into the channel. This shift of the minimum from the PBS reference point reached saturation after 30 minutes and was observed for multiple exosome concentrations. Upon conjugation with an isotype control, sensor response to the highest concentration of exosomes was negligible in comparison to that with anti-CD63 antibody, indicating that the functionalised gFET can specifically detect exosomes at least down to 0.1 μg/mL and is sensitive to concentration. Such a gFET biosensor has not been used before for exosome sensing and could be an effective tool for the liquid-biopsy detection of exosomes as biomarkers for early-stage identification of diseases such as cancer.
In vivo genome editing using the Cpf1 ortholog derived from Eubacterium eligens
Authors: Ahn Woo-Chan , Park Kwang-Hyun , Bak In Seon , Song Hyung-Nam , An Yan , Lee Su-Jin , Jung Mira , Yoo Kyeong-Won , Yu Dae-Yeul , Kim Yong-Sam , Oh Byung-Ha , Woo Eui-Jeon
Published: September 2019

Cpf1 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that can be programmed to cleave DNA targets. Specific features, such as containing a short crRNA, creating a staggered cleavage pattern and having a low off-target rate, render Cpf1 a promising gene-editing tool. Here, we present a new Cpf1 ortholog, EeCpf1, as a genome-editing tool; this ortholog is derived from the gut bacterial species Eubacterium eligens. EeCpf1 exhibits a higher cleavage activity with the Mn2+ metal cofactor and efficiently cuts the target DNA with an engineered, nucleotide extended crRNA at the 5′ target site. When mouse blastocysts were injected with multitargeting crRNAs against the IL2R-γ gene, an essential gene for immunodeficient mouse model production, EeCpf1 efficiently generated IL2R-γ knockout mice. For the first time, these results demonstrate that EeCpf1 can be used as an in vivo gene-editing tool for the production of knockout mice. The utilization of engineered crRNA with multiple target sites will help to explore the in vivo DNA cleavage activities of Cpf1 orthologs from other species that have not been demonstrated.
Cardiac function and incidence of unexplained myocardial scarring in patients with primary carnitine deficiency - a cardiac magnetic resonance study
Authors: Kyhl Kasper , Róin Tóra , Lund Allan , Vejlstrup Niels , Madsen Per Lav , Engstrøm Thomas , Rasmussen Jan
Published: September 2019

Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) not treated with L-Carnitine can lead to sudden cardiac death. To our knowledge, it is unknown if asymptomatic patients treated with L-Carnitine suffer from myocardial scarring and thus be at greater risk of potentially serious arrhythmia. Cardiac evaluation of function and myocardial scarring is non-invasively best supported by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The study included 36 PCD patients, 17 carriers and 17 healthy subjects. A CMR cine stack in the short-axis plane were acquired to evaluate left ventricle (LV) systolic and diastolic function and a similar LGE stack to evaluate myocardial scarring and replacement fibrosis. LV volumes and ejection fraction were not different between PCD patients, carriers and healthy subjects. However, LV mass was higher in PCD patients with the severe homozygous mutation, c.95 A > G (p = 0.037; n = 17). Among homozygous PCD patients there were two cases of unexplained myocardial scarring and this is in contrast to no myocardial scarring in any of the other study participants (p = 0.10). LV mass was increased in PCD patients. L-carnitine supplementation is essential in order to prevent potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia and serious adverse cardiac remodeling.
Stabilizing stretch reflexes are modulated independently from the rapid release of perturbation-triggered motor plans
Authors: Lee Hyunglae , Perreault Eric J.
Published: September 2019

Responses elicited after the shortest latency spinal reflexes but prior to the onset of voluntary activity can display sophistication beyond a stereotypical reflex. Two distinct behaviors have been identified for these rapid motor responses, often called long-latency reflexes. The first is to maintain limb stability by opposing external perturbations. The second is to quickly release motor actions planned prior to the disturbance, often called a triggered reaction. This study investigated their interaction when motor tasks involve both limb stabilization and motor planning. We used a robotic manipulator to change the stability of the haptic environment during 2D arm reaching tasks, and to apply perturbations that could elicit rapid motor responses. Stabilizing reflexes were modulated by the orientation of the haptic environment (field effect) whereas triggered reactions were modulated by the target to which subjects were instructed to reach (target effect). We observed that there were no significant interactions between the target and field effects in the early (50–75 ms) portion of the long-latency reflex, indicating that these components of the rapid motor response are initially controlled independently. There were small but significant interactions for two of the six relevant muscles in the later portion (75–100 ms) of the reflex response. In addition, the target effect was influenced by the direction of the perturbation used to elicit the motor response, indicating a later feedback correction in addition to the early component of the triggered reaction. Together, these results demonstrate how distinct components of the long-latency reflex can work independently and together to generate sophisticated rapid motor responses that integrate planning with reaction to uncertain conditions.
Zn(OAc)2-catalyzed tandem cyclization of isocyanides, α-diazoketones, and anhydrides: a general route to polysubstituted maleimides
Authors: Liang Yong-Xin , Meng Xiang-He , Yang Ming , Mehfooz Haroon , Zhao Yu-Long
Published: September 2019

A zinc-catalyzed three-component reaction of isocyanides, α-diazoketones, and anhydrides has been realized as a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted maleimides.
Anion amphiprotic ionic liquids as protic electrolyte matrices allowing sodium metal plating
Authors: Jankowski Piotr , Matuszek Karolina , Treskow Marcel , Armand Michel , MacFarlane Douglas , Johansson Patrik
Published: September 2019

Competition between hydrogen bonding and sodium coordination enables sodium metal plating from anion amphiprotic ionic liquids.
Confined PtNi catalysts for enhanced catalytic performances in one-pot cellobiose conversion to hexitols: a combined experimental and DFT study
Authors: Guo Zhanglong , Liu Dapeng , Lim San Hua , Liu Yan , Chu Wei
Published: September 2019

Ni nanoclusters were confined inside an alumina matrix through Ni–Al layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) decomposition methods and showed great performance in one-pot cellobiose conversion to hexitols.
Spontaneous and instant formation of highly stable protein–nanoparticle supraparticle co-assemblies driven by hydrophobic interaction
Authors: Yu Xiaoya , Liu Xiao , Ding Wanchuan , Wang Jun , Ruan Gang
Published: September 2019

A hydrophobic interaction-driven process is discovered to form highly stable protein–nanoparticle supraparticle co-assemblies.
Materials chemistry research at Nankai University – a themed collection dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Nankai University
Authors: Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian-He
Published: September 2019

Guest editors Xian-He Bu and Jialiang Xu introduce this themed collection of Materials Chemistry Frontiers dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Nankai University.
Enzymatic triggering of C–ON bond homolysis of alkoxyamines
Authors: Audran Gérard , Bosco Lionel , Brémond Paul , Jugniot Natacha , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Massot Philippe , Mellet Philippe , Moussounda Moussounda Koumba Tataye , Parzy Elodie , Rivot Angélique , Thiaudière Eric , Voisin Pierre , Wedl Carina , Yamasaki Toshihide
Published: September 2019

Alkoxyamine 1 is selectively hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin and substilisin A into alkoxyamine 2H+ for which C–ON bond homolysis occurred with a 4-fold increase in rate constants compared to 1 while non-specific proteases had no effect.
The effect of proton irradiation on the properties of a graphene oxide paper
Authors: Zhen Xiaojuan , Huang Yifan , Yang Shengsheng , Feng Zhanzu , Ba Dedong , Zhuang Jianhong , Wang Yi , Qin Xiaogang
Published: September 2019

The 500 keV proton irradiaiton effect on a graphene oxide paper was studied in a ground-based irradiation simulator.
Rod-like anhydrous V2O5 assembled by tiny nanosheets as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Chen Jizhang , Chen Minfeng , Xu Xinwu , Tian Qinghua , Xu Junling , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: September 2019

V2O5 with intriguing micro/nano-hierarchical structure is fabricated via the pyrolysis of MIL-47 (a MOF material) and displays great performances as the cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Graphene-based plasmonic nanocomposites for highly enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic activities
Authors: Adam Rania E. , Chalangar Ebrahim , Pirhashemi Mahsa , Pozina Galia , Liu Xianjie , Palisaitis Justinas , Pettersson Håkan , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer
Published: September 2019

High-efficiency of plasmonic ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites for solar-driven photocatalysis activities.
Efficacy of Gemcitabine on Intracranial Erlich Tumor and its
Determinants
Authors: Stukov Alexander N. , Bespalov Vladimir G. , Alexandrov Valerij A. , Semenov Alexander L. , Kireeva Galina S. , Semiglazova Tatjana Y. , Filatova Larisa V. , Baranenko Denis A.
Published: September 2019

Gemcitabine is quite effective in the treatment of brain tumors, although this
drug has a limited ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Aim of
study is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine and other drugs with
different permeability of BBB in the model of intracranial tumor. The
therapeutic activity of gemcitabine, carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin
was studied in mice with intracranially implanted Ehrlich tumor, and also
gemcitabine in various doses - with intramuscularly implanted tumor. On
intracranial tumor model gemcitabine (25 mg/kg) increased the
life span (ILS) by 60−89% (p<0.001), despite the fact
that its permeability of the BBB is about 10%. Therapeutic activity of
carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin (ILS were 44, 22 and 11%,
respectively) corresponds with the BBB permeability for these drugs (90, 20 and
8%, respectively). On intramuscular tumor model, gemcitabine showed
significant antitumor effect at both 25 and 2.5 mg/kg,
indicating a wide range of therapeutic doses of this drug. Pronounced
therapeutic effect of gemcitabine on intracranial tumor most likely is due to
the small but sufficient concentration of the drug that overcomes the BBB.
Influence of Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia on Hemorheology in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Bai Yiping , Mo Liqun , Luan Liming , Zhang Daiying
Published: September 2019

Objective To test the hypothesis that patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) contributes to improvement of hemorheology in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.

Methods 120 patients, aged 60 – 75 years old, undergoing hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia, were randomly divided into group PCA (n = 60) and control group (n = 60). Patients in PCA group received PCA in postoperative 3 days. Blood samples from the median cubital vein were collected at five time points: before anesthesia (T1), after surgery (T2), 6 h after surgery (T3), 24 h after surgery (T4), 48 h after surgery (T5). Hemorheological parameters were measured, including whole blood viscosity at a high shear rate (Hηb), whole blood viscosity at a low shear rate (Lηb), reduced viscosity (ηr), plasma viscosity (ηp), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI) and erythrocyte deformation index (EDI). Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate at T1-5 and pain scoring of visual analogue scale (VAS) score at T2-5 were recorded.

Results (1) Compared with T1, Hηb, Lηb, ηp, ηr decreased significantly at T3–5 with EAI decreased significantly at T5 in group PCA (p < 0.05), EDI increased significantly at T5 in group C (p < 0.05). (2) Compared with group C, Hηb, Lηb, ηp, ηr, EAI decreased significantly at T5 with Lηb concurrently decreased at T4 in group PCA (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Postoperative pain may increase blood viscosity in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, mainly via plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation and rigidity, and which could be improved by postoperative PCA.
Influence of the Tourniquet on Pain and Function in Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jawhar Ahmed , Skeirek Dania , Stetzelberger Vera , Obertacke Udo
Published: September 2019

Background The use of the tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty is still a subject of controversial discussion. Previous studies mainly focus on parameters like blood loss and operation time. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the postoperative outcome involving parameters such as pain intensity, analgesic consumption, knee function and complication rate with and without tourniquet use, to find a recommendation for future application in total knee arthroplasty.

Material and Methods This review is based on the PRISMA Checklists. A systematic research was performed in PubMed using the key words “tourniquet”, “total knee arthroplasty”, “TKA” and “knee endoprosthesis” up to and including January 2018. The initial search revealed 686 Papers which were extracted by the parameters intensity of pain, analgesic consumption, function (range of motion, Hospital for Special Surgery Score, Knee Society Score) and complications (deep vein thrombosis, surgical side infection, pulmonary embolism). The program Review Manager Version 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. A significance level of p < 0,05 was defined.

Results 18 studies were included in this review with 1279 total knee arthroplasties overall (646 with the use of tourniquet and 633 without). The analysis shows a significant lower pain intensity until the fifth postoperative day (p = 0,03) and also after one to three months (p = 0,04) without using the tourniquet. Range of motion is significantly higher in two to three days postoperatively (p < 0,00 001) when the surgery was performed without tourniquet. Knee Society Score shows no difference between the two groups. A deep vein thrombosis appears significantly more often when using a tourniquet (p = 0,04). There was no higher occurrence in pulmonary embolism and surgical side infections.

Conclusion The use of a pneumatic tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty affects especially the early postoperative pain and functional recovery.
Integration aktiv fördern
Authors: Berger Mareike
Published: September 2019

Zur Sicherung der Pflege wird angesichts des Personalmangels verstärkt auf
Fachkräfte aus dem Ausland gesetzt. Damit die interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit
gut funktioniert, sollte sie aktiv gefördert werden, rät die
Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW).
Stellenpläne und Ausfallkonzepte
Authors: Leydecker Julia , Kutscher Jan
Published: September 2019

Was in Kliniken eigentlich selbstverständlich sein sollte, ist es oft nicht: Das
richtige Ableiten des Stellenplans anhand des Personalbedarfs. Lesen Sie, wie
Sie vorhandene Arbeitsstellen richtig ermitteln und Ihr Ausfallkonzept
systematisieren.
Von Pauschalen und Budgets
Authors: Vaillant Jochen , Wiedmann Oliver
Published: September 2019

Durch die Zusammenführung der Ausbildungen in der Altenpflege, der Gesundheits-
und Kranken- sowie Kinderkrankenpflege ergeben sich auch im Rahmen der
Finanzierung umfangreiche Änderungen. Hier die wichtigsten in
Kürze.
Quantitative intraoperative Messung der Gewebeperfusion von Nierentransplantaten mittels Indocyaningrün-Angiografie
Authors: Ellebrecht David Benjamin , Warns Tilmann , Bürk Conny Georg , Thomaschewski Michael , Keck Tobias , Bausch Dirk
Published: September 2019

Die postoperative Delayed Graft Function (DGF) nach Nierentransplantationen ist definiert als eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion nach Nierentransplantation und ist Risikofaktor für ein Transplantatversagen und verkürztes Transplantatüberleben. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die quantitative Perfusion von Nierentransplantaten während der Nierentransplantation zu erfassen und zu untersuchen, ob die gemessene Perfusion Rückschlüsse auf das postoperative Auftreten einer DGF erlaubt. In einem Zeitraum von 1 Jahr wurde bei den Patienten, bei denen ein Einverständnis für die ICG-Perfusionsmessung vorlag, die intraoperative quantitative ICG-Perfusionsmessung mithilfe der Kamera IC-View der Firma Pulsion® durchgeführt. Es erfolgte die Gruppeneinteilung nach postmortaler Spende und Lebendspenden und nach Auftreten bzw. Ausbleiben einer DGF. Intraoperativ erfolgte die Festlegung eines Areals mit starker und geringer ICG-Perfusion. Es wurden die maximale Perfusion, die Anflutzeit der Fluoreszenz und der absolute Anstieg der Fluoreszenz in diesen Arealen dokumentiert. Zusätzlich erfolgte die Berechnung der maximalen Perfusion im Verhältnis zu einem Standardareal. Postoperativ erfolgte die Auswertung durch die Software IC-Calc der Firma Pulsion. Insgesamt konnten 36 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Komplikationen durch die ICG-Applikation traten nicht auf. Bei 10 Patienten, die eine postmortale Nierentransplantatspende erhielten, wurde eine DGF festgestellt (DGF-Gruppe). In der Gruppe der Lebendspende trat eine DGF nicht auf. In den Arealen mit starker ICG-Fluoreszenz fand sich ein signifikanter Unterschied in der maximalen Fluoreszenz zwischen der DGF-Gruppe und Nierenlebendspenden. Die schwach perfundierten Areale wiesen signifikante Unterschiede zwischen der maximalen Perfusion, dem absoluten Anstieg der Perfusion sowie zur Ratio zum Standardareal zwischen DGF und Lebendspenden auf. Ein Unterschied zwischen postmortalen Nierentransplantatspenden ohne DGF und DGF-Gruppe konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. In dieser Studie zeigte sich, dass sich die quantitative Perfusionsbestimmung von Nierentransplantaten intraoperativ sicher durchführen lässt. Die aktuelle Datenlage deutet eine mögliche zuverlässige Vorhersage der DGF an.
Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version des Semistrukturierten Interviews zur Erfassung der DSM-5 Persönlichkeitsfunktionen (STiP-5.1)
Authors: Zettl Max , Taubner Svenja , Hutsebaut Joost , Volkert Jana
Published: September 2019

Theoretischer Hintergrund Das alternative Modell für Persönlichkeitsstörungen des DSM-5 führt erstmals ein evidenzbasiertes, dimensionales Konzept für die Diagnostik von Störungen der Persönlichkeit ein. Kriterium A, operationalisiert mit der Level of Personality Functioning Scale, differenziert das Ausmaß von Beeinträchtigungen im Funktionsniveau der Persönlichkeit. Mit dem Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM-5 (STiP-5.1) liegt bereits ein valides, reliables und ökonomisches Interview zur Erfassung von Kriterium A vor. Bisher existiert jedoch keine validierte Form des Interviews in deutscher Sprache. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die psychometrische Evaluation der deutschsprachigen Version des STiP-5.1.

Methodik Die Validität und Reliabilität des STiP-5.1 wurde in einer Stichprobe von gesunden Erwachsenen (n=55) und stationär behandelten Patienten mit der Diagnose einer psychischen Störung (n=55) untersucht. Die Konstruktvalidität wurde über Korrelationen mit Fragebögen zu strukturellen Beeinträchtigungen (IPO-16, OPD-SFK) und maladaptiven Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (SKID-II-PF) überprüft. Die Interrater-Reliabilität wurde in einer Teilstichprobe von Gesunden und Patienten (n=50) untersucht.

Ergebnisse Bezüglich der Validität wurden hohe Korrelationen (r=0,68–0,78) zwischen STiP-5.1-Ratings und konvergenten Selbstberichtfragebögen festgestellt. In der Teilstichprobe zeigte sich eine sehr gute Interrater-Reliabilität (ICC=0,93). Die Dauer der Interviews betrug durchschnittlich 38 Min.

Schlussfolgerungen Mit der deutschen Version des STiP-5.1 liegt ein valides, reliables und ökonomisches Interviewverfahren zur dimensionalen Erfassung von Beeinträchtigungen im Funktionsniveau der Persönlichkeit für Forschung und klinische Praxis vor.
Evaluation of Different Post Lengths’ Effect on Fracture Resistance of a Glass
Fiber Post System
Authors: Adanir Necdet , Belli Sema
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different post lengths upon root fracture resistance.

Methods: 78 maxillary central teeth with similar dimensions were mounted in acrylic blocks with artificial silicone periodontal ligaments. Combinations of post lengths of 6 mm (shorter than 1/1 clinical crown length), 9 mm (1/1 clinical crown length), and 12 mm (longer than 1/1 clinical crown length) made up 6 different groups consisting of 13 teeth each. The glass fiber posts (Snowpost) were cemented with Super-Bond C&B and Panavia F luting cement. Composite-resin cores were made with Clearfil PhotoCore. The specimens were tested in a universal test machine. The testing machine applied controlled loads to the core, 2 mm from its incisal edge, on the palatal side at an angle 135 degrees to the long axis of the root. The testing machine was set at a crosshead speed of 5mm per minute. All samples were loaded until failure.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between cements (P>.05). Posts shorter than clinical crown length, demonstrated root fracture under significantly lower loading forces (P<.05).

Conclusion: Usage of posts shorter than clinical crowns should be avoided to eliminate clinical failure. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:23-28)
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effectiveness of Desensitizers against Oral Bacteria
Authors: Duran Ismet , Sengun Abdulkadir , Hadimli Hasan Huseyin , Ulker Mustafa
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Desensitizers contribute to better clinical results by reducing the rate of cervical dentin sensitivity. However, information on their antibacterial effect is limited. This study examined the antibacterial activities of a triclosan containing (Seal & Protect), a benzalconium containing desensitizer (Micro Prime), a fluoride containing prophilaxy paste (Sultan Desensitizer), two fluoride containing varnishes (Cavity Shealth and Ultra EZ), and a dentin bonding primer (All Bond).

Methods: The test materials were inserted in the wells of Muller Hinton agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarious, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The diameters of the inhibition zones produced around the materials were measured after 24 h of incubation. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of P<.05.

Results: Micro Prime Desensitizer containing benzalkonium chloride had the highest antibacterial effectiveness compared to other desensitizers used in this study. In addition, triclosan containing Seal & Protect and acidic components containing All Bond showed very high antibacterial efficacy. On the other hand, fluoride within both varnishes had little antibacterial effectiveness. However a fluoride component in a paste (Sultan Desensitizer) showed very high bactericidal effect.

Conclusions: All desensitizers except fluoride varnishes showed various degrees of antibacterial effect against the bacteria tested in this study. If antibacterial effect is also required from the desensitizers’ clinicians should avoid use of varnishes. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:43-47)
Ganglioneuromatous Polyposis of the Colon: a Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: D'Ercole Cristina , Zullo Angelo , Bragazzi Maria Consiglia , Hassan Cesare , Lorenzetti Roberto , Campo Salvatore Maria Antonio
Published: September 2019

This report discusses a case of ganglioneuromatous polyposis of the colon in a woman without any other systemic manifestations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the few cases of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis described in the literature presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea as unique clinical signs, with multiple polyps confined in the right side of the transverse colon and in the ascending colon. Of note, the endoscopic feature of such a rare entity - which involves the enteric nervous system - may mimic that of sessile adenomatous polyps which are diagnosed at routine colonoscopy. We emphasized that this condition may be misdiagnosed, and we reviewed the reported cases in the literature. (J Dig Endosc 2011;2(1):18-21)
Obstructive Jaundice: A late presentation of blunt abdominal trauma of extrahepatic biliary tract treated endoscopically
Authors: Patil Mallikarjun , Sheth Keyur A , K. Adarsh C
Published: September 2019

Common bile duct (CBD) injuries from blunt abdominal trauma are rare. The diagnosis is often more difficult with incomplete injuries that result in a delayed presentation. We present a case of CBD injury due to trauma with delayed presentation. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated the nature of extrahepatic bile duct and was treated successfully with endoscopic stent placement. (J Dig Endosc 2013;4(1): 16–18)
Mixed polyposis coli: Report of a rare entity with review of literature
Authors: Rao Chalapathi , Rana Surinder Singh , Manrai Manish , Chaudhary Vinita , Nada Ritambhra , Gupta Rajesh , Singh Kartar , Bhasin Deepak Kumar
Published: September 2019

Colorectal polyps may be detected incidentally on a screening colonoscopy or when they present with symptoms like anemia or gastrointestinal bleeding. Early recognition and prompt management of polyps can cure the primary disease and prevent future risk of malignancies in the patient and provide an opportunity to screen the families in cases of inherited polyposis syndromes. We report a case of rectal bleeding due to colorectal polyps of varying histology. Histology showed hyperplastic polyp, juvenile polyps (JP) with focal dysplasia, adenomatous polyp and villous adenoma with dysplasia. He underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (J-pouch) (TP-IPAA). Mixed polyposis syndrome is a rare entity. (J Dig Endosc 2013;4(2):39-41)
Nanoscale characterization of photonic metasurface made of lens-like SiGe Mie-resonators formed on Si (100) substrate
Authors: Poborchii Vladimir , Shklyaev Alexander , Bolotov Leonid , Uchida Noriyuki
Published: September 2019

Submicrometer-sized high-index Mie resonators attract significant interest in photonic applications due to their capabilities to manipulate light. 2-dimensional metamaterials or metasurfaces consisting of arrays of such resonators on a device surface can be used in the flat optics, sensors, and other applications. Here, we report on the comprehensive nanoscale characterization and optical properties of nearly regular SiGe Mie resonator arrays on a Si surface fabricated using a simple and low-cost method. We achieved control on the surface morphology by depositing Ge on the Si(100) surface at elevated temperatures 890–960 °C and obtained arrays of submicrometer/micrometer low-Ge-content SiGe lenslike islands via dewetting when the Ge content was >4%. At the lower Ge content, we observed the formation of a continuous SiGe film via wetting. We used Raman microscopy not only for the Ge content and stress control but also for studying photonic properties of the islands and their coupling with the Si substrate. In contrast to the elastic light scattering, we clearly distinguished visible light Raman signals from the islands themselves and from the substrate areas under the islands enhanced compared to the signal from the open substrate. Calculation of the light electric field distribution in the islands and the substrate demonstrate how the islands trap the light and forward it into the high-index substrate. This explains the island-induced reflection suppression and Si substrate Raman enhancement, which we observe experimentally. Such an SiGe-island array is a promising metasurface for the improvement of Si photosensors and solar-energy device performance.
Do hydrodynamic models based on time-independent density functional theory misestimate exchange effects? Comparison with kinetic theory for electrostatic waves
Authors: Brodin Gert , Ekman Robin , Zamanian Jens
Published: September 2019

We have extended previous quantum kinetic results to compute the exchange correction to the electrostatic electron susceptibility for arbitrary frequencies and wavenumbers in the low temperature limit. This has allowed us to make a general comparison with a much used hydrodynamic expression, based on density functional theory, for exchange effects. For low phase velocities, as for ion-acoustic waves, wave-particle interaction leads to a strong enhancement of the exchange correction and the hydrodynamic result is smaller by an order of magnitude. The hydrodynamic expression gives a useful approximation when the phase velocity is ≳2.5 times the Fermi velocity. If this condition is not fulfilled, the hydrodynamical theory gives misleading results. We discuss the implications of our results for the model choice for quantum plasmas, especially regarding particle dispersive effects.
Terahertz field confinement and enhancement in various sub-wavelength structures
Authors: Bahk Young-Mi , Park Doo Jae , Kim Dai-Sik
Published: September 2019

Terahertz plasmonics is one of the fascinating research fields that includes diverse applications in nonlinear terahertz optics and nano-optics, as well as studies about strong localization and enhancement of millimeter waves. Recent advanced lithography techniques enable one to reach the confinement scale of electromagnetic waves down to subnanometer, which corresponds to wavelength/10 000 000. In particular, the strong electric-field enhancement in metal gaps can produce atomically strong field exceeding ∼10 MV/cm in a picosecond time scale. In this article, we review the strong localization and enhancement of electromagnetic waves in terahertz frequency ranges achieved by subwavelength metal structures. Based on understanding the underlying capacitive coupling and antenna effects, we focus on the field confinement and enhancement of various metal structures such as slit, slot antenna, and dipole antenna. We also give a brief introduction about near-field detection methods.
Nanopillars assisted multilayer antireflection coating for photovoltaics with multiple bandgaps
Authors: Dong Siyu , Zhang Jinlong , Jiao Hongfei , Zhang Wei , Li Xinyi , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: September 2019

A nanopillar assisted multilayer antireflection (AR) coating that combines the Ta2O5/SiO2 multilayer with SiO2 nanopillars was investigated to improve the light absorption of quadruple-bandgap photovoltaics. After clarifying that the performance of the traditional multilayer AR coating is restricted by the available refractive index of the top layer, periodic SiO2 rhombic nanopillars that work in the subwavelength regime were used to vary its effective index from 1 to 1.46. Then, the effective index and thickness of SiO2 nanopillars were optimized together with the Ta2O5/SiO2 stack using the global optimization algorithm to further reduce the reflection loss. When the SiO2 nanopillars have an effective index of 1.15 and a thickness of 108 nm, the best AR performance was achieved with a reflectance of 3.9% in the target spectral range of 300–1700 nm. Using laser interference lithography and ion assisted deposition technologies, the nanopillar assisted AR coating was realized with a reflectance of 4.5%. Compared to the traditional multilayer AR coating, this hybrid approach can not only achieve better AR performance but also reduce the disparities of the reflection loss among different bandgaps, which helps us to effectively improve the current matching and enhance the overall efficiency of quadruple-bandgap photovoltaics.
New technique incorporates lithium-bearing polymer electrolytes into microbatteries
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: September 2019

Scientists use initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to produce thin film polyelectrolytes in an effort to develop more efficient microbatteries.
Growth time experiments highlight potential for single crystal diamond film optoelectronics
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2019

High pressure high temperature epitaxial growth experiments highlight the importance of pretreatment and point to silicon integration as a route for optoelectronic applications.
Gross motor teaching in preschool education: where, what and how do Singapore educators teach? (Enseñanza de la motricidad gruesa en educación infantil: ¿dónde, qué y cómo enseñan las maestras en Singapur?)
Authors: Bautista Alfredo , Moreno-Núñez Ana , Vijayakumar Poorani , Quek Erin , Bull Rebecca
Published: September 2019

Fostering the development of gross motor (GM) skills is important in itself and beneficial for the holistic development of children. While early childhood curriculum frameworks for GM teaching have been recently articulated, there is limited research on actual pedagogical practices. This study explored GM teaching practices in Singapore Kindergarten 1 classrooms (4–5 years), focusing on where (indoors vs outdoors), what (types of GM skills) and how (teaching strategies and opportunities for practice) preschool educators teach. The study is part of a longitudinal project in which 108 Kindergarten 1 classrooms were observed and videotaped during a full ‘typical day’ (3–4 hours). GM teaching was observed to occur predominantly indoors. Non-locomotor skills were the most frequently taught to children, followed by locomotor and manipulative skills. Many educators were observed using explicit teaching strategies before and during GM activities, with low involvement after activities had been completed. While GM teaching was predominantly teacher-led, opportunities for unguided practice and play were more frequent outdoors. We conclude that Singapore preschool educators need support to better enact the guidelines of the GM curriculum framework. The study enriches the thin classroom-based international literature on GM education.
Scepticism: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Pritchard Duncan
Published: September 2019

Throughout history, scepticism and the urge to question accepted truths has been a powerful force for change and growth. A healthy amount of scepticism is widely encouraged, but when is such scepticism legitimate and when is it problematic? Scepticism: A Very Short Introduction explores both the advantages of scepticism and how it can have unhelpful social consequences in generating distrust. It considers the role of scepticism as the source of contemporary social and political movements such as climate change denial, post-truth politics, and fake news. It also examines the philosophical arguments for a radical form of scepticism, which maintains that knowledge is impossible.
Foucault: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Gutting Gary
Published: September 2019

Foucault: A Very Short Introduction presents a wide-ranging, but non-systematic exploration of some highlights of Foucault’s life and thought. Beginning with a brief biography of the philosopher to set the social and political stage, it then tackles Foucault’s thoughts on literature, in particular the avant-garde scene; his philosophical and historical work; his treatment of knowledge and power in modern society; and his thoughts on sexuality. This new edition includes feminist criticisms of Foucault’s apparently sexist treatment of the Jouy case, as well as a new chapter offering a unified overview of the Collège de France lectures, now a major focus of interest in Foucault.
1. Lives and works
Authors: Gutting Gary
Published: September 2019

Very little is known about Foucault’s personal life and we can only speculate about its relation to his work. Why do we need to? Much of Foucault’s existence was centred on writing. ‘Lives and works’ looks at what can be discovered about Foucault from his writing, rather than from anecdotes about his life, and in particular looks at Raymond Roussel, his only book-length literary study. Why did he choose to write about Roussel? Roussel was an experimental writer, diagnosed as having ‘transformed religious mania’, whose work was at odds even with the avant garde. Foucault was fascinated with Roussel’s exclusion of human subjectivity.
4. The head and the heart
Authors: Evans Dylan
Published: September 2019

‘The head and the heart’ explains how emotions affect ‘cognitive’ capacities such as attention, memory, and logical reasoning. The power of emotions to affect these things makes emotional technologies very appealing to advertisers and politicians. Appealing to feelings offers a way of making people change their minds without having to provide good arguments or evidence. For good or ill, and perhaps both, there is also a tendency for emotion to be amplified in social groups. The neural mechanisms involved with emotional contagion are considered along with the neuroscience of empathy. Empathy makes us mindful of our commonality and connection with fellow humans the world over.
3. The language of poetry and its particular devices
Authors: O'Donoghue Bernard
Published: September 2019

‘The language of poetry and its particular devices’ explains that there are clearly certain ‘arrangements of language’ that are particularly associated with poetry—effects of sound and figuration such as rhyme, alliteration, or metaphor. Whether poetry is thought to be imitative-realistic or transcendent, all discussions agree that it must have some kinds of rules and recognized practices. The rules link to debates about language and which areas of language they may—or may not—apply to: rules about the sounds of poetry (metre or scansion or rhyme), or about its linguistic structure (its grammar or word-formation). These are things that occur in language in general, but are often thought to have special application in poetry.
4. The kinds of poetry and their contexts
Authors: O'Donoghue Bernard
Published: September 2019

Many different things have been described as poetry—different ways of writing, ways of seeing the world, and states of mind. But in the Western tradition there are three established structural categories of writing that come under the heading of poetry: epic, drama, and lyric. ‘The kinds of poetry and their contexts’ considers these, but also looks at other forms including pastoral poetry, public poetry, and satire. It also discusses what makes poetry popular and why certain poems achieve universal appeal. Also considered are the poetry of place, comic and nonsense verse, elegy, the villanelle, consolation poetry, and wisdom poetry.
Introduction
Authors: O'Donoghue Bernard
Published: September 2019

Poetry appears to be one of the fundamental activities of mankind; all cultures practise it, whether or not they have writing systems, and it seems to enjoy a universally high status. However, the ‘Introduction’ explains that pronouncing on the nature of poetry and defining it is a complex and disputed matter. It notes some recurrent oppositions; first of all, in the Western tradition, the most fundamental distinction is between the idea of poetry as either imitative or transcendent. It asks whether there is a distinctive language of poetry. It also considers the question of what poetry is and what it is for. Does it have a duty of public utility and responsibility?
ChIPseqSpikeInFree: a ChIP-seq normalization approach to reveal global changes in histone modifications without spike-in
Authors: Jin Hongjian , Kasper Lawryn H , Larson Jon D , Wu Gang , Baker Suzanne J , Zhang Jinghui , Fan Yiping
Published: September 2019

Motivation

The traditional reads per million normalization method is inappropriate for the evaluation of ChIP-seq data when treatments or mutations have global effects. Changes in global levels of histone modifications can be detected with exogenous reference spike-in controls. However, most ChIP-seq studies overlook the normalization that must be corrected with spike-in. A method that retrospectively renormalizes datasets without spike-in is lacking.

Results

ChIPseqSpikeInFree is a novel ChIP-seq normalization method to effectively determine scaling factors for samples across various conditions and treatments, which does not rely on exogenous spike-in chromatin or peak detection to reveal global changes in histone modification occupancy. Application of ChIPseqSpikeInFree on five datasets demonstrates that this in silico approach reveals a similar magnitude of global changes as the spike-in method does.

Availability and implementation

St. Jude Cloud (https://pecan.stjude.cloud/permalink/spikefree) and St. Jude Github ( https://github.com/stjude/ChIPseqSpikeInFree).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DeepCleave: a deep learning predictor for caspase and matrix metalloprotease substrates and cleavage sites
Authors: Li Fuyi , Chen Jinxiang , Leier André , Marquez-Lago Tatiana , Liu Quanzhong , Wang Yanze , Revote Jerico , Smith A Ian , Akutsu Tatsuya , Webb Geoffrey I , Kurgan Lukasz , Song Jiangning
Published: September 2019

Motivation

Proteases are enzymes that cleave target substrate proteins by catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between specific amino acids. While the functional proteolysis regulated by proteases plays a central role in the ‘life and death’ cellular processes, many of the corresponding substrates and their cleavage sites were not found yet. Availability of accurate predictors of the substrates and cleavage sites would facilitate understanding of proteases’ functions and physiological roles. Deep learning is a promising approach for the development of accurate predictors of substrate cleavage events.

Results

We propose DeepCleave, the first deep learning-based predictor of protease-specific substrates and cleavage sites. DeepCleave uses protein substrate sequence data as input and employs convolutional neural networks with transfer learning to train accurate predictive models. High predictive performance of our models stems from the use of high-quality cleavage site features extracted from the substrate sequences through the deep learning process, and the application of transfer learning, multiple kernels and attention layer in the design of the deep network. Empirical tests against several related state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that DeepCleave outperforms these methods in predicting caspase and matrix metalloprotease substrate-cleavage sites.

Availability and implementation

The DeepCleave webserver and source code are freely available at http://deepcleave.erc.monash.edu/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.