bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Grip Strength and Range of Motion Correlated with Better Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Yaakobi Dor , Ron Itay , Agbaria Hanan , Yelton Mitchell J , Peskin Bezalel , Ghrayeb Nabil , Norman Doron , Shapira Jacob
Published: November 2024

Background The common methods for assessing postoperative outcomes in patients with distal radius fractures (DRFs) are mostly observational. In contrast to these traditional assessment tools, postoperative assessments based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are becoming more popular. The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative radiological measurements and physical examination measures as predictive measures for patient-reported satisfying outcomes defined by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score and the Gartland and Werley score.

Purpose The aim of this study was to inspect whether postoperative radiological and physical examination measurements are associated with better PROs. This correlation would be beneficial to assess surgery's success and predict patient's recovery process, helping with coordination of patient's expectations postsurgery.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods Eligible patients were those who underwent Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) of DRFs and answered the DASH and Gartland and Werley questionnaires with a minimal follow-up period of 6 months and a 2-year median follow-up time; during follow-up, physical examination measures and radiographic measures were taken.

Results This study has found that older patients have a higher probability to achieve better PROs postsurgery and ROM has been found as a factor correlated with DASH score and Gartland and Werley score. A model combining grip strength, supination, and extension was able to predict the DASH score with 63% of variance: DASH score = 88.864–(0.288 × grip strength) – (0.371 × supination) – (0.270 × extension).

Conclusions Due to the high prevalence of DRFs and their debilitating effect on patients' functionality, a credible assessment tool must be defined to predict postsurgery patient satisfaction and help in the patient selection process.

Level of Evidence III.
Nosocomial Sepsis Triggered by Pluralibacter gergoviae in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Özel Abdulrahman , Kutlu Nurettin Onur , Yüce Servet , Ozdalgicoglu Cenk , Erol Meltem
Published: November 2024

Pluralibacter gergoviae is a rare opportunistic gram-negative Bacillus in humans and exhibits resistance to preservatives in cosmetic products. In this case report, we present nosocomial P. gergoviae sepsis that developed through contamination from a cleaning product in a previously healthy child without known chronic diseases, during pediatric intensive care unit care. Contamination with the same microorganism was detected even in unused samples of the cleaning product, leading to a recall of these items. This report highlights the case of hospital-acquired P. gergoviae sepsis to emphasize the importance of adherence to antiseptic protocols by health care workers, as well as the necessity for medical materials used in treatment and patient care to be produced and stored in compliance with appropriate regulations.
The History of Rare Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Dorgalaleh Akbar , Tavasoli Behnaz , Hassani Saeed , Ramezanzadeh Narjes , Fathalizade Kimia , Hashemi Farzaneh , Feily Zahra , Khademi Melika , Kohzadi Zhino , Mahalleh Roghayeh Gholizadeh Doran , Torkamandi Mohammad S. , Yassini Mahya S.
Published: November 2024

Deficiencies in coagulation factors I (FI), FII, FV, combined FV and FVIII (CF5F8) and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII have been referred to as rare bleeding disorders (RBDs), rare coagulation factor deficiencies (RCFDs), or recessively inherited coagulation disorders. Fibrinogen was most likely the first member of this group to be identified, with reports of its discovery spanning from 1859 to 1966. If not, then the first coagulation factor to be identified was prothrombin in 1894, and the last coagulation factor to be found was FX in 1956, about 60 years later. The first patient to be diagnosed with an RBD was a 9-year-old boy with afibrinogenemia in 1920 and the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency was the most recent RBD in this group to be identified in a 3-month-old child in 1966. The initial therapeutic option for nearly all patients with RBDs was whole blood transfusion; this was replaced in 1941 by fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and then in later years by cryoprecipitate and coagulation factor concentrates. Fibrinogen concentrate was the first coagulation factor concentrate produced in 1956. Coagulation factor concentrate is now available for FI, FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII; however, FFP and/or platelet transfusion are the only treatments available for FV deficiency. The only recombinant concentrates available for RBDs are for FVII and FXIII, which date from 1988 and the 2000s, respectively. Even though the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of lesser-known bleeding disorders have improved significantly in recent decades, more studies are needed to reveal the hidden aspects of these disorders in order to overcome diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and ultimately improve the quality of life for those who are affected.
Nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons: Road to future carbon materials
Authors: Kim Minjun , Leong Kwang Keat , Amiralian Nasim , Bando Yoshio , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M. , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: November 2024

This review aims to offer strategic synthesis of new carbon materials under the thematic concept of “nanoarchitectonics” applied to metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived porous carbons. The background tracing of carbon materials in terms of the development of carbon microstructure is outlined first to offer the microstructural level of understanding of traditional carbons as well as recent MOF-derived porous carbons. Subsequently, we present the discussion on the effect of nanopore size on the formation of an electrical double layer, and justify the electrochemical rationale behind the need for nanoarchitecturing of porous carbon materials. Traditional synthetic strategies of template-free and template-based methods and the previous porous carbon materials are also discussed as the potential synthetic methods and approaches available for nanoarchitecturing of MOF-derived porous carbons. Various examples of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons are then presented and discussed based on the careful categorization into template-free methods including bottom–up and top–down approaches and template-based methods including hard- and soft-template approaches. This review therefore aims to summarize and extend the current knowledge of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons to offer intuitions and innovations toward future carbon materials. We also offer future directions with considerations on the challenges and innovations in the current field of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons.
Toward electron temperature profiles in hot-dense plasmas from x-ray spectral ensembles
Authors: Kraus B. F. , McPoyle S. P. , Atay K. , Kriz E. , Hollinger R. C. , Benjamin S. N. , Malko S. , Hill K. W. , Gao Lan , Efthimion P. C. , Wang Shoujun , King J. , Zahedpour Anaraki S. , Shlyaptsev V. N. , Rocca J. J.
Published: November 2024

High repetition rate laser systems enable new strategies for diagnosing plasma behavior with large datasets. Here, we define an ensemble technique that relies on randomized targeting of x-ray tracer micro-stripes. On each shot, a high-intensity laser pulse is focused on a solid target with Ti tracer stripes embedded in an Al foil, randomly targeting a micro-stripe, a portion of a stripe, or a gap between stripes. High-resolution, time-integrated x-ray spectrometers capture line emission from the portion of the micro-stripe that is heated to sufficiently high electron temperatures. Accumulation of many such cases is used to construct ensemble distributions of x-ray line intensities that encompass all relative offsets of the laser focus to the micro-stripe centers. Synthetic intensity distributions are likewise generated using collisional-radiative modeling. Bayesian fitting of modeled to measured intensity distributions establishes the most likely radial temperature profiles, enabling comparison to hydrodynamic models and calling into question the cylindrical symmetry of these micro-stripe-embedded systems. Ensemble techniques have significant potential for high-energy-density plasma diagnostics, especially with the advent of high repetition rate experiments.
A preliminary experimental study on atomization rainfall properties by two-jet collision in high dam discharge
Authors: Yuan Hao , Sun Qian , Hu Ruichang , Mao Yunfei , Zhou Xidong
Published: November 2024

The energy dissipation method commonly employed for flood discharge in high dams involves the collision of jets in the air. This approach frequently results in the issue of flood discharge atomization. This study experimentally investigates the rainfall characteristics resulting from the interaction between a surface-orifice jet and a deep-orifice jet during high dam discharges. The research explores various flow rate ratios and collision angles of the two jets, focusing on the spatial distribution of rainfall intensity, as well as the size and velocity of droplets post-collision. The findings revealed that the rainfall distribution on the horizontal plane resembles a mushroom cloud, with the maximum rainfall intensity at the center. Increasing the collision angle between the jets significantly increases the dispersion range of atomized rainfall, while the maximum intensity decreases. Additionally, as the jet flow rate ratio increases, the dispersal range of rainfall initially expands before stabilizing, with relatively minor variations in intensity. Following a two-jet collision, the trajectory of the jet was derived, and the associated parameters were determined using experimental data. The probability distributions for droplet size and velocity closely approximated Gaussian distributions. The study also observed that the number of droplets per unit time, along with the ensemble-averaged diameter and velocity, initially increases and then decreases longitudinally. Meanwhile, the number of droplets per unit time gradually decreases in the lateral direction, while the ensemble-averaged diameter and velocity remain relatively constant. Furthermore, with an increase in the jet flow rate ratio, both the ensemble-averaged diameter and velocity of droplets follow a pattern of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while the collision angle has no significant impact.
Effects of A-site configuration entropy on the dielectric properties in tetragonal tungsten bronze ceramics
Authors: Ou Yi Bang , Song Jia Wen , Wu Shu Ya , Liu Xiao Qiang , Zhu Xiao Li , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: November 2024

A series of Sr4.5Ca0.5MTi3Nb7O30 [M = La0.5Nd0.5 (LN), La1/3Nd1/3Sm1/3 (LNS) and La0.25Nd0.25Sm0.25Eu0.25 (LNSE)] ceramics with different A-site configuration entropy were prepared, and the effects of the A-site configuration entropy on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties were investigated. Due to the combined effect of high entropy and solid solution, the best dielectric performance was achieved in the LNS composition, where the dielectric constant remained around 650 in the temperature range of 269–515 K with a change rate of less than 15%. Under the DC high voltage field up to 67 kV/cm, each component's polarization characteristics and dielectric constants obtained good electric field stability and temperature stability under a high electric field.
Generalized Rosenfeld–Tarazona scaling and high-density specific heat of simple liquids
Authors: Khrapak S. A. , Khrapak A. G.
Published: November 2024

The original Rosenfeld–Tarazona (RT) scaling of the excess energy in simple dense fluids predicts a ∝T3/5 thermal correction to the fluid Madelung energy. This implies that the excess isochoric heat capacity scales as Cvex∝T−2/5. Careful examination performed in this paper demonstrates that the exponent −2/5 is not always optimal. For instance, in the Lennard-Jones fluid in some vicinity of the triple point, the exponent −1/3 turns out to be more appropriate. The analysis of the specific heat data in neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and liquid mercury reveals that no single value of the exponent exists, describing all the data simultaneously. Therefore, we propose a generalized RT scaling in the form Cvex∝T−α, where α is a density- and material-dependent adjustable parameter. The question concerning which material properties and parameters affect the exponent α and whether it can be predicted from general physical arguments requires further investigation.
Second harmonic scattering investigation of bacterial efflux induced by the antibiotic tetracycline
Authors: Page Eleanor F. , Blackmon Mikala F. , Calhoun Tessa R.
Published: November 2024

Efflux pumps are a key component in bacteria’s ability to gain resistance to antibiotics. In addition to increasing efflux, new research has suggested that the antibiotic, tetracycline, may have larger impacts on bacterial membranes. Using second harmonic scattering, we monitor the transport of two small molecules across the membranes of different Gram-positive bacteria. By comparing our results to a simple kinetic model, we find evidence for changes in influx and efflux across both bacterial species. These changes, however, are probe-dependent, opening new questions about the localization of the drug’s effects and the specificity of the efflux pumps involved.
Field-driven conversion of two-dimensional solitonic magnetic textures
Authors: de Souza S. F. , Teixeira A. W. , Laroze D. , Pereira A. R. , Carvalho-Santos V. L. , Fonseca J. M.
Published: November 2024

Magnetic skyrmions and bimerons, characterized by their topological properties and low current-induced motion, are promising magnetic textures for spintronic (skyrmionic) applications. In this work, through atomistic simulations and micromagnetic analysis, we investigate the field-driven manipulation and conversion of skyrmions into bimerons. By applying an in-plane magnetic field, we observe a smooth transition from skyrmions to bimerons, evidencing the persistence of the soliton topology over a wide range of external magnetic fields. Additionally, we obtain a state diagram elucidating the dependence of nucleated topological textures on material parameters and in-plane magnetic field strength.
Time-encoded photonic quantum states: Generation, processing, and applications
Authors: Yu Hao , Govorov Alexander O. , Song Hai-Zhi , Wang Zhiming
Published: November 2024

Encoding and processing quantum information in the time-of-arrival of photons offer significant advantages for quantum information science and technology. These advantages include ease of experimental realization, robustness over photon state transmission, and compatibility with existing telecommunication infrastructure. Additionally, time-of-arrival encoding has the potential for high-rate quantum communication and holds promise for the future development of quantum internet. This review explores the generation, processing, and applications of time-encoded quantum states, focusing on both single-photon states, energy–time entanglement, and time-bin entanglement. We summarize the nonlinear optics platforms and advanced laser and modulation techniques utilized for photon sources that enable quantum information encoding onto the photons' time-of-arrival. We also highlight advanced quantum state processing methods in the time domain, including the Franson interferometry, optical switch-based schemes, and state-of-the-art measurement and detection schemes that allow for high-speed and multi-dimensional quantum operations. Finally, we review the mainstream implementations mainly including the quantum communication demonstrations and outline future directions for developing practical quantum networks leveraging time-encoded photon states.
Substantial improvement of InGaN/GaN visible-light polarization-induced self-depletion phototransistor by thermally oxidized Al2O3
Authors: Lv Zesheng , Peng Tianzhi , Wang Gang , Jiang Hao
Published: November 2024

Atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 acting as gate dielectric and surface passivation is widely adopted in power electronics but seldom used in optoelectronic fields for its sophisticated and expensive technology. Herein, a simple but efficient Al2O3 passivation is used in the fabrication of InGaN/GaN visible-light (VL) polarization-induced self-depletion field effect phototransistors (FEPTs), for suppressing the surface leakage and recombination. The Al2O3 layer obtained by thermal oxidation (TO) of 2-nm-thick thermally evaporated metal Al shows high electrical insulation and even better passivation effect than the ALD-Al2O3. As a result, the dark current of TO-Al2O3 passivated device decreases by about 2 orders of magnitudes; meanwhile, the photoresponse increases by about 65%. Under a weak VL illumination of 6.8 μW/cm2, the InGaN/GaN FEPT exhibits a large photo-to-dark current ratio of 3.1 × 108 and an ultrahigh shot-noise-limited detectivity of 1.9 × 1018 jones. In addition, the FEPTs exhibit a strong wavelength selectivity with a 600 nm/400 nm spectral response rejection ratio exceeding 5 × 105. All these performances show huge potential in emerging VL applications that are limited by the insufficiencies of current Si photodetectors.
Calculation model of shale fracture compressibility and evolution of permeability under water-bearing conditions
Authors: Tian Renjun , Zuo Yujun , Sun Wenjibin , Li Bobo , Lin Jianyun , Chen Bin , Chen Qinggang , Rong Peng
Published: November 2024

Water saturation of shale reservoirs significantly influences the permeability and compressibility of propped fractures. This study focused on the Longmaxi Formation shale reservoir in northern Guizhou, China, where the permeability of water–saturated shale under varying gas and confining pressures was measured. A compressibility model for proppant embedment and compaction deformation was developed and validated against the experimental results. This study examined the compressibility of supported fractures considering water–rock interactions and elucidated the intrinsic relationship between compressibility and water saturation. The findings demonstrated a decreased trend in shale fracture permeability with increasing water saturation under identical conditions. Compared to dry shale, the permeability decreased by 1.2%–16.4% and 2.0%–17.8% at water saturation of 15% and 50%, respectively. The results of the model calculations demonstrate that fracture compressibility is contingent on the degree of variation of the fracture width. Prolonged water–rock interactions intensified the variation in the fracture width increasing the compressibility under the same stress conditions. As the water saturation increased from 0% to 50%, the fracture closure rate increased from 0.034 to 0.179 with the increase in effective stress. Increased water saturation also increases the sensitivity of the fracture compressibility to effective stress while decreasing the elastic modulus of the rock, thereby enhancing the proppant embedment depth and significantly increasing the fracture compressibility. This study provides critical insights into the dynamic evolution of fracture permeability during hydraulic fracturing and offers valuable implications for gas production forecasting.
Analysis of the interfacial evolution characteristics of hollow droplet impact on a liquid pool
Authors: Zhu Bing , Hu Xiaofei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Huabing
Published: November 2024

The impact dynamics of a hollow droplet on a liquid pool have significant implications across various industrial applications. This study employs numerical simulations to explore the dynamic evolution of the interface during the impact of a hollow droplet on a liquid pool. The investigation focuses on the effects of varying the hollow ratio Dr and liquid pool depth h* while maintaining a constant volume of liquid within the droplet shell. The findings reveal that both the hollow ratio Dr and pool depth h* critically influence the formation of ejecta + lamella, and vortex rings after the impact of a hollow droplet on a liquid pool. The confinement effect of the pool bottom can influence the evolution of the splashing, while the internal air in the hollow droplet can absorb a part of the impact energy during the collision. Specifically, at shallow pool depths, the interface primarily evolves into ejecta + lamella structures, whereas at greater pool depths, vortex ring formation is predominant. Furthermore, an increase in the hollow ratio leads to a reduction in the critical pool depth hc* at which the transition between these interfacial modes occurs. These findings indicate that, in practical applications involving the impact of hollow droplets on liquid pools, sufficient attention should be given to the pool depth. This enhances our understanding of the bottom pressure, droplet impact, and vortex formation, which is of significant relevance to related industrial technologies.
Low-velocity impact response of lunar and Martian regolith simulants: Implications for lunar and Martian surface explorations
Authors: Ishii Takuma , Kioka Arata , Huang Jyh-Jaan Steven , Tabuchi Yoshiki , Yamada Yasuhiro
Published: November 2024

The granular mechanics of lunar and Martian regolith remain inadequately understood, impeding progress in successful exploration, landing, drilling, sampling, and construction activities on extraterrestrial surfaces. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the granular behavior of the lunar and Martian regolith under impact conditions. Impact cratering experiments were conducted for the lunar highlands, lunar mare, Martian regolith simulants (LHS-1, LMS-1, and MGS-1, respectively), and terrestrial silica sand with similar particle sizes as target granular materials, with a sphere projectile dropping at low velocities. A systematic analysis was undertaken to elucidate the influence of parameters, including the fall height of the projectile, impact velocity, kinetic energy of the projectile, porosity, cohesion, and internal friction angle, on the resulting crater depths. Our findings demonstrate that the crater depths of regolith layers of the lunar highlands and Martian surfaces are greater than those of the lunar mare regolith and terrestrial silica sand layers. For example, the crater depth of the lunar highland regolith layer is about two times greater than that of the terrestrial silica sand layer at an impact velocity of 40–70 cm/s. Additionally, our power-law scaling highlights less resistance to crater impact in the lunar and Martian regolith layers than in the terrestrial sand layer. Our study highlights a significant difference in granular behavior between the Earth's sand layer and the lunar and Martian regolith layers, providing valuable insights for future exploration, coring, drilling, and resource utilization endeavors on the lunar and Martian surfaces.
Apoptosis-associated genetic mechanisms in the transition from rheumatoid arthritis to osteoporosis: A bioinformatics and functional analysis approach
Authors: Lo Hao-Ju , Tsai Chun-Hao , Huang Tsan-Wen
Published: November 2024

This study explores the mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (OP) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on apoptosis and its role in the progression from RA to OP. Using microarray data from the GEO database, differential gene expression analysis was conducted with the limma package, identifying significant genes in RA and OP. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) further examined gene relationships with the disease status, identifying co-expression patterns. Key genes were pinpointed by intersecting differentially expressed genes from RA and OP datasets with WGCNA module genes. Functional enrichment analysis using the “clusterProfiler” package focused on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Machine learning methods, including Lasso and Random Forest, refined the selection of key genes related to apoptosis. Immune infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT assessed immune cell differences between disease and normal samples. The study highlighted two crucial genes: ATXN2L and MMP14. These genes were identified through various analyses and found to be significantly associated with the progression of RA and OP. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of ATXN2L and MMP14 revealed their involvement in specific biological processes and pathways. Correlation analysis between these key genes and immune cell infiltration showed significant associations. The ROC analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of ATXN2L and MMP14, with miRNA regulatory networks related to these genes also predicted. In summary, this research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of RA and OP, emphasizing the importance of apoptosis and immune processes.
Feature-level fusion of face and speech based multimodal biometric attendance system with liveness detection
Authors: Jha Khushboo , Jain Aruna , Srivastava Sumit
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of deep learning and the Internet of Things has spurred the need for touchless biometric systems in areas where cleanliness and non-intrusive user interaction are critical. In order to authenticate seamlessly, traditional biometric methods such as fingerprint, hand, etc. recognition require physical contact and, therefore, risk hygiene issues, hence making face and speaker verification more viable alternatives. A robust Multimodal Biometric Attendance System (MBAS) is needed due to the vulnerabilities and limitations of single modality systems. In this research, we introduce MBAS using feature-level fusion of speech data with face data, combining the best of both worlds. The textural features based on a person’s facial appearance are integrated with dynamic speech information for liveness detection, followed by dimensionality reduction using linear discriminant analysis, and then incorporated into a Bi-LSTM classifier. Therefore, for better security, accuracy, and anti-spoofing attacks, this approach is proposed in addition to increasing accuracy as well as enhancing security against spoofing attacks. Two publicly available datasets, DeepfakeTIMIT and AVSpeech, are extensively explored to evaluate different fusion strategies, classifier types, and standard performance metrics. The proposed system outperformed other cutting-edge biometric based systems by exhibiting a 97.51% high accuracy rate with a precision of 99.10% and an equal error rate of 2.48%. These findings affirm the effectiveness and possible real-world applications of the MBAS concept, along with its enhancement ensuring safety. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of incorporating advanced liveness detection into secure contactless biometrics solutions for modern attendance management in various industries that encompass both face and voice modalities.
Predicting pressure buildup behind perforated plates under blast wave impact: A simplified approach
Authors: V. Vinod , Majji Gowri Padmaja , Vootla Srikanth , Ram Omri , Chandrala Lakshmana Dora
Published: November 2024

This study experimentally investigates the interaction of an incident blast wave with a perforated multiple plate array and the subsequent pressure buildup on an end wall. Experiments are conducted in a square tunnel using arrays composed of plates with varying porosities and perforation diameters positioned at different distances from the end wall. High-speed shadowgraphy and pressure measurements quantify the influence of these parameters on transmitted wave attenuation and pressure buildup on the end wall. Results demonstrate that wave attenuation and pressure buildup rates are significantly influenced by plate porosity, array length, and stand-off distance, whereas the perforation diameter has a negligible effect. A theoretical model is employed to predict the measured end wall pressure history. The model accurately predicts overall pressure history, including peak pressure and decay, for various porosities, plate numbers, and stand-off distances. Deviations between model predictions and experimental data are analyzed. Additionally, the pressure measurements reveal a power-law relationship between the transmitted wave attenuation rate and the porosity index. Notably, arrays with lower porosity, consisting of fewer plates, can effectively attenuate the transmitted wave compared to higher porosity configurations with more plates. By attenuating the peak pressure on the target wall/end wall and extending the pressure buildup time, the perforated plate arrays provide a promising approach to enhance blast protection.
Bouncing dynamics of binary equal-sized high-viscosity molten glass droplets in head-on collisions
Authors: Hu Xiaolei , Yu Zihan , Tao Liangyu , Zhang Huangwei , Li Shangpeng
Published: November 2024

Despite extensive research on head-on droplet collisions over the past decades, detailed investigations into the bouncing behavior of high-viscosity droplets, such as molten glass droplets, are still scarce. In this study, a volume-of-fluid method coupled with dual marker functions is employed to simulate the collision dynamics of molten glass droplets. The results show good agreement with experimental observations in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Theoretical analysis reveals a critical Weber number of 22 for bouncing and coalescence of molten glass droplets with a diameter of 100 μm. Below this threshold, we examine the bouncing behavior across various Weber numbers, categorizing the process into four distinct stages: mutual proximity, radial expansion, suction separation, and reverse separation, and providing a detailed analysis of velocity, pressure, and energy at each stage. As the Weber number increases, vortices sequentially emerge at 4, 8, 12, and 16, suggesting a strong correlation between droplet deformation and vortex generation. At lower Weber numbers, the air film pressure between droplets transitions smoothly between radial expansion and suction separation. However, between Weber numbers 9 and 22, a distinct concave pressure phenomenon is observed during suction separation. Pressure chattering occurs at the beginning of radial expansion and the end of suction separation. Furthermore, the results indicate that the cumulative viscous dissipation energy consistently approaches half of the initial kinetic energy, irrespective of the Weber and Ohnesorge numbers.
General-Kindred physics-informed neural network to the solutions of singularly perturbed differential equations
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhao Peizhi , Ma Qinglong , Song Tao
Published: November 2024

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have become a promising research direction in the field of solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Dealing with singular perturbation problems continues to be a difficult challenge in the field of PINN. The solution of singular perturbation problems often exhibits sharp boundary layers and steep gradients, and traditional PINN cannot achieve approximation of boundary layers. In this manuscript, we propose the General-Kindred physics-informed neural network (GKPINN) for solving singular perturbation differential equations (SPDEs). This approach utilizes asymptotic analysis to acquire prior knowledge of the boundary layer from the equation and establishes a novel network to assist PINN in approximating the boundary layer. It is compared with traditional PINN by solving examples of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and time-varying SPDE equations. The research findings underscore the exceptional performance of our novel approach, GKPINN, which delivers a remarkable enhancement in reducing the L2 error by two to four orders of magnitude compared to the established PINN methodology. This significant improvement is accompanied by a substantial acceleration in convergence rates, without compromising the high precision that is critical for our applications. Furthermore, GKPINN still performs well in extreme cases with perturbation parameters of 1×10−38, demonstrating its excellent generalization ability.
Electro-osmotic flow and heat transfer in Jeffery fluid: A multi-membrane microchannel model
Authors: Vaidya Hanumesh , Choudhari Rajashekhar V. , Prasad K. V. , Naganur Mahalingappa
Published: November 2024

Microscale heat transfer is vital for the performance of smart thermal devices like heat sinks, thermosyphons, and microheat pipes. This study introduces a biothermal pumping flow model based on a multi-membrane pumping mechanism that leverages microscale heat transfer. The model describes rhythmic contraction and relaxation of membranes, combined with electro-osmosis in Jeffery fluid flow within a vertical microchannel of finite length. Two membranes on the microchannel walls, with varying amplitudes, diameters, and phase lags, generate pressure that moves fluid in both directions through contraction and expansion cycles. The model is based on the conservation of mass and momentum, using a low Reynolds number approximation to capture microscale transport phenomena at biomedical scales. Dimensionless conservation equations are analytically solved under no-slip boundary conditions, with results computed in MATLAB for clarity. Axial velocity results are simulated and verified using the optimal homotopy analysis method. The model explores the influence of key parameters (UHS, me, λ, Gr, β) on pressure gradient, velocity distribution, volumetric flow rates, skin friction, Nusselt number, and stream function. The findings demonstrate that pressure from membrane motion is significantly affected by thermal effects and buoyancy forces, and flow and pumping characteristics are largely determined by the fluid's rheological qualities and the geometrical features of the membrane. This study provides novel ideas for enhancing the functionality and design of smart thermal devices while also advancing microscale heat transfer technology.
Spin-valley locked topological phase transitions in reversible strain-tailoring honeycomb motifs
Authors: Sheng Kang , Wang Zhi-Yong
Published: November 2024

Using an effective low-energy k·p model on the frontier px,y orbitals, we establish a general phase diagram of spin-valley locked band inversion by introducing a mechanical strain field into nonmagnetic honeycomb motifs with robust spin–orbit coupling and intrinsically broken inversion symmetry. Using first-principles calculations, we realize such multiple topological phase transitions in a strained InTe monolayer within experimental reach with the Weyl semimetal as the nontrivial boundary state at two critical strains. The massless Weyl fermions endow the spin and valley Hall effects with ultrafast and dissipationless transport over a broad low-energy window. The valley selective circular dichroism can be regulated by strain-induced band inversion. A crossover between the topologically trivial and nontrivial regimes with sizable bandgaps makes InTe suitable for room-temperature (RT) topological strain-effect transistors. Our work not only demonstrates a fundamental mechanism for exploring tunable topological states and valley physics but also provides a potential platform for realizing many exotic phenomena and RT quantum devices.
AI-integrated network for RNA complex structure and dynamic prediction
Authors: Liu Haoquan , Zhuo Chen , Gao Jiaming , Zeng Chengwei , Zhao Yunjie
Published: November 2024

RNA complexes are essential components in many cellular processes. The functions of these complexes are linked to their tertiary structures, which are shaped by detailed interface information, such as binding sites, interface contact, and dynamic conformational changes. Network-based approaches have been widely used to analyze RNA complex structures. With their roots in the graph theory, these methods have a long history of providing insight into the static and dynamic properties of RNA molecules. These approaches have been effective in identifying functional binding sites and analyzing the dynamic behavior of RNA complexes. Recently, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought transformative changes to the field. These technologies have been increasingly applied to studying RNA complex structures, providing new avenues for understanding the complex interactions within RNA complexes. By integrating AI with traditional network analysis methods, researchers can build more accurate models of RNA complex structures, predict their dynamic behaviors, and even design RNA-based inhibitors. In this review, we introduce the integration of network-based methodologies with AI techniques to enhance the understanding of RNA complex structures. We examine how these advanced computational tools can be used to model and analyze the detailed interface information and dynamic behaviors of RNA molecules. Additionally, we explore the potential future directions of how AI-integrated networks can aid in the modeling and analyzing RNA complex structures.
Exploring mechanisms of asymmetric droplet impact dynamics on roughness gradient surface
Authors: Chen Kang , Jia Huiru , Yang Fan , Ren Hongru , Wu Fa , Li Chun
Published: November 2024

Droplet impact on surfaces with varying roughness and wettability is a common phenomenon in both natural and industrial environments. While previous studies have primarily examined asymmetric droplet rebound driven by impact velocity or Weber number, the influence of surface structure and associated impact mode transitions has received less attention. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations and detailed analyses are employed to investigate the mechanisms governing droplet rebound on nanopillar arrays with gradient distributions. Results reveal that nanopillar height significantly influences rebound direction, with two distinct directional transitions occurring as the height increases. Additionally, the effects of surface structure and Weber number on impact patterns, rebound velocity, and contact time are systematically evaluated, with contact angle calculations shedding light on the underlying force mechanisms. A phase diagram is developed to illustrate the relationship between rebound direction, Weber number, and nanopillar height. The study further extends the analysis to substrates with bidirectional gradient distributions, demonstrating consistency with single-directional gradient results and validating the broader applicability of the findings. This research provides critical insights into droplet dynamics on roughness gradient surfaces, emphasizing the role of nanopillar height and impact mode in controlling droplet behavior and highlighting potential applications in the design of structured array surfaces.
Mixed neural operator learning on the solitary wave propagation over slope topography and inverse problem
Authors: Liang Aoming , Wang Zhan , Luo Heng , Zheng Kun , Li Ruipeng , Ge Mingming , Fan Dixia
Published: November 2024

This study proposes the mixed neural operator (MNO) learning framework, which further combines with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) to address challenges of solitary wave propagation over topography. The forward problem is defined as the evolution prediction of the solitary wave propagating over topography, while the inverse problem is defined as an optimization to identify the topography parameter based on the solitary wave elevation. Both the forward and inverse problems can be considered within a single framework and the dataset are provided by the classical Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The MNO framework is shown to simulate the evolution of solitary waves over topography, accurately capturing the wave elevation under different topographical conditions. By comparing with different neural operators, it is found that the U-shape neural operator is the most suitable for the KdV equation simulation. The coefficient of determination for the inverse problem based on the combination of MNO and PSO can reach 0.992, showing great potential of the approach in topography recognition. Finally, the proposed learning framework is preliminary applied to the prediction of the tsunami runup onto a complex beach, and a good agreement is also achieved between the direct simulation and the learning framework prediction.
Kinetic study of time-of-flight distributions during pulsed laser evaporation into vacuum
Authors: Morozov A. A. , Titarev V. A.
Published: November 2024

A numerical study of the dynamics of gas expansion into vacuum during nanosecond laser evaporation out based on the analysis of time-of-flight distributions of neutral particles along the normal to the evaporation surface has been carried out. The solution to the problem in the axisymmetric formulation is obtained by using two independent kinetic approaches: the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and the solution of the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model equation. The particle velocity distribution on the time-of-flight detector was analyzed. For a correct description of the experimental data with good accuracy, the optimal value of the velocity cone angle, which determines the fraction of particles arriving at the detector, is determined. It is shown that at intensive evaporation, the number of low-velocity molecules arriving at the detector increases with increasing size of the evaporation spot, which leads to a decrease in the average particle energy. Reliable data on the dependence of the particle energy at the time-of-flight detector on the number of evaporated monolayers and the size of the evaporation spot have been obtained. Good agreement with calculations of other authors and known experimental data is shown.
Direct numerical simulation of coalescence and separation of binary droplet collision with lamella stabilization
Authors: Yu Weidong , Chang Shinan
Published: November 2024

Binary droplet collision is a fundamental aspect of various natural phenomena and industrial applications. In this work, direct numerical simulation of coalescence and separation of binary droplet collision is performed over a wide range of Weber numbers and impact factors. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved by the finite volume approach, coupled with the volume of fluid method. To address the inaccurate prediction of thin lamella in simulation, a lamella stabilization method is introduced to resolve the lamella by adjusting the grid resolution. Compared with experimental data, it is validated that the lamella can be accurately and fully captured with this lamella stabilization method. Moreover, the analysis of shape and energy during the collision is conducted, and the variation of lamella is described in detail, particularly the evolution of the thickness of lamella. The results suggest that for obtaining the full variation of lamella, the maximum refinement size of the grid can reach D/4096. It is also found that without lamella stabilization, excessive dissipation can lead to the failure of predicting coalescence and separation, especially for the cases in the transition between coalescence and separation. Furthermore, even if the same collision outcome can be obtained without lamella stabilization, the number and size of droplets have obvious differences.
The cycle of applicative in Tibetic
Authors: Bialek Joanna , Simon Camille
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the grammaticalization and subsequent pragmaticization of an applicative construction in
Tibetic. Based on linguistic data ranging from the 8th century to modern times, we show how successive linguistic changes link a
verb phrase originally meaning ‘to act as a companion (of sb.)’ to an imperative marker, through an applicative construction.
Despite the scarcity of data, we document the different stages of evolution of this particular construction: the lexicalization of
a verb phrase; its grammaticalization into a sociative-benefactive applicative marker; the pragmaticization of particular use
patterns of this applicative construction into markers of complaints, wishes and commands; and eventually a secondary
grammaticalization into an imperative marker. As they developed, most of these stages have been retained in the modern Tibetic
languages and co-exist with lexicalized units based on the same morphological material. Our analysis adds to the recently
discussed cross-linguistic data by demonstrating that applicative markers can directly grammaticalize from nouns without an
intermediate stage of noun incorporation or adposition. We also show that the range of functions taken over by this construction
in synchrony can only be understood by referring to its diachronic evolution.
Who says ejque?
Authors: Wright Robyn
Published: November 2024

This paper examines language attitudes of 386 participants from all regions of Spain toward a phonetic variant
used in the Madrid area, velarized coda /s/. Results show that velarized /s/ aids in the identification of a Madrid origin and,
moreover, that velarized /s/ speakers are considered lower status, less pleasant, less confident, more of a tough-guy, less
desirable as friends, less compatible with the listener and worse storytellers. Nearly all of these traits interact with listener
gender in which women show the strongest variable effect. In addition, ethnocentrism is found to play a role in listener
judgments, irrespective of the coda /s/ variant used.
Study of microstructural evolution during operation of electrically connected components and analysis of failure mechanism
Authors: Xie Tao , Zhou Xiaoyu , Jin Shoufeng , He Kanghang , Wu Juzhen , Wang Qingyu , Liu Peng , Peng Zongren
Published: November 2024

As a key current-carrying structure of high-voltage bushings, the reliability of electrical connection components is crucial to the safe and stable operation of power equipment. To obtain the microstructural evolution of electrical connection components with different deterioration states, CUD strap contactors were deteriorated in different ways, and electron backscatter diffraction technique was used to test the microstructure of strap contactors with different deterioration states. The results showed that compared to the unused contactors, the contact resistance of the contactors under the combined effect of friction and high temperature increased 203.12 times and was in a failed state. During the process from unused state to wear deterioration, high temperature deterioration, and then to eventual failure of the contactors, the average grain size gradually grows from 8.15 μm to 25 μm, the dislocation density gradually decreases from 2.38 × 1014 m−2 to 1.04 × 1014 m−2, and there are a significant proportion of the recrystallized organization. These changes are detrimental to the mechanical properties of the contactors. In addition, the distribution of grain boundaries in the contact area proves the occurrence of over-temperature phenomenon in this area, which will accelerate the deterioration of the contactors and eventually lead to the failure of the component. The relevant conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the design of electrical connection structure of strap contacts as well as the study of deterioration mechanism.