bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counseling for the nursing mother or for the breastfeeding technique?
Authors: Pinzón-Villate Gloria Yaneth , Alzate-Posada Martha Lucía , Olaya-Vega Gilma Aurora
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In Colombia, despite the implementation of initiatives such as breastfeeding counseling (BFC), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates are low.
Objective: To understand the experience of a group of nursing mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding counseling provided at Women and Children Friendly Institutions (WCFI) in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Materials and methods: Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were administered to 19 breastfeeding mothers who were provided with exclusive breastfeeding counseling (EBFC) at 3 WCFI between August 2016 and January 2017. Units of meaning (UM) were identified through a comprehensive analysis performed in NVivo 10 and based on the reading of the textual transcripts of the interviews and the identification of essential structures in the mothers’ narratives associated with the experience they had while being counseled at three moments (gestation, delivery/immediate postpartum, and puerperium).
Results: The average age was 23 years. Only 37% of the mothers exclusively breastfed their children until they were 4 months old. Nine UMs were identified. During gestation and the immediate postpartum period, participants received instructions on how to breastfeed but were not provided with EBFC by healthcare staff. During the puerperium, the mothers' families and support networks provided them with help and guidance regarding breastfeeding.
Conclusion: It is possible that the legal provisions on breastfeeding counseling and initiatives such as the WCFI are not being complied with in the country, as there are obstacles that hinder their proper execution. Thus, it is necessary to propose and develop effective strategies for the training of breastfeeding counselors among health personnel.
Successful use of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment for alveolar soft part sarcoma. A case report
Authors: Ocolotobiche Eliana Evelina , Pérez-Duhalde Esteban , Güerci Alba Mabel
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a very rare and aggressive type of sarcoma. Although its histology and genetic characteristics have been identified, the benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy for its treatment are still being studied.
Case presentation: In November 2007, a 21-year-old woman presented with a primary tumor in the right thigh, with histological and immunohistochemical confirmation of an alveolar soft part sarcoma, which was totally resected in December 2007. Also, the large size of the mass suggested an unfavorable evolution. Two years after the first surgery, two metastatic tumors were detected in the right lung, which were completely resected separately. Two years later, the patient had two independent relapse events, five months apart: a mass in the right tight, and a metastatic tumor in the adrenal gland, together with a relapse in the tight. All tumors were successfully resected. In June 2014, after the last local relapse, adjuvant radiotherapy was started because of the risk of thigh amputation. At the end of treatment, the patient’s general condition was good. Currently, at age 34, the patient is monitored through periodic evaluations, showing disease regression and stabilization.
Conclusions: Currently, it is known that radiation not only produces cytotoxic effects on the target region but also induces an immune system-mediated systemic response with potential antimetastatic properties. Emerging radiobiological paradigms should be considered, particularly since they could explain some encouraging and unexpected results, such as those described in this case.
Successful endoscopic removal of a swallowed toothbrush, a therapeutic challenge. A case report
Authors: Blanco-Avellaneda Camilo de Jesús , Rodríguez-Fajardo Jesús Antonio , Blanco-Inzunza Andrés Fernando
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Toothbrush swallowing, whether voluntary or accidental, is a rare event and must be handled as an emergency, because these foreign bodies, due to their length and hardness, are not expected to pass completely through the digestive tract and may cause serious complications.
Case presentation: A 22-year-old woman with an eating disorder (bulimia nervosa) involuntarily swallowed a toothbrush while inducing vomiting. Unfortunately, after the initial assessment in the emergency department, and due to the lack of symptoms, her psychiatric history, and the fact the toothbrush was not observed in imaging studies, she was discharged. Due to the patient's insistence that she was telling the truth, she was referred to a secondary healthcare institution by her treating physician, where the successful endoscopic extraction of the toothbrush was performed 36 hours after it was swallowed. The procedure was carried out with the patient under sedation and by experts in digestive extraction who used an overtube, foreign body forceps, and polypectomy loops.
Conclusion: Cases of toothbrush swallowing are rarely reported and occur mainly in people with mental illnesses, such as eating disorders involving self-induced vomiting. Therefore, in these cases, physicians should always believe what these patients say, even in the absence of symptoms and imaging findings, as this enables their timely referral to a digestive service to confirm whether the toothbrush was swallowed or not and to perform the endoscopic extraction as soon as possible, since it can cause serious complications due to its characteristics.
Rethinking the Independence of Cuba from Miguel Barnet’s Biography of a Runaway Slave
Authors: Fillies Testa Muñoz Juliana
Published: February 2021

The testimonial novel Biography of a Runaway Slave by Miguel Barnet is one of the pioneers of the narrative genre and has attracted the attention of critics from the moment of its publication. Scholars see the testimonial novel as a text that allows the reader access to a "genuine" episteme, safeguarded by a witness of historical events. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that the narrative of the maroon and former mambí Esteban Montejo opens new ways of reading and analyzing historical events. In particular, I will focus on Montejo’s statements on the Cuban War of Independence. For this purpose, I will use the theory of the Subaltern Studies as a methodological tool. The analysis will show the denial of Afro-Cuban agency in the official history of independence in Cuba, and will offer a reading of the events that recognizes the important Afro-descendant contribution.
A mesterséges intelligencia néhány biztonsági vetülete
Authors: Vidács László , Jelasity Márk , Tóth László , Hegedűs Péter , Ferenc Rudolf
Published: February 2021

Összefoglalás. A mély mesterséges neuronhálók elterjedése az ipari
alkalmazásokban évekkel azok megbízhatóságával, értelmezhetőségével, és biztonságával
kapcsolatos szakterületek fejlődését megelőzően történt. Az egyik, gyakorlatban is
jelentős területen, a képfelismerésben például a megvalósult megoldások szinte már emberi
teljesítményre képesek, de ezzel együtt célzott zajjal ezek a rendszerek félrevezethetők,
megzavarhatók. Jelen kéziratban ismertetünk néhány tipikus biztonsági problémát, valamint
rámutatunk arra, hogy a hagyományos szoftverfejlesztés területén alkalmazott
minőségbiztosítási módszerekkel rokon megoldásokra szükség van az MI-re épülő rendszerek
fejlesztésében, akár a mesterséges neuronhálók biztonságát, akár az MI rendszerek
hagyományos komponenseinek fejlesztését tartjuk szem előtt.

Summary. Research on the trustworthiness, interpretability and security of
deep neural networks lags behind the widespread application of the technology in
industrial applications. For example, in image recognition, modern solutions are capable
of nearly human performance. However, with targeted adversarial noise, these systems can
be arbitrarily manipulated. Here, we discuss some of the security problems and point out
that quality assurance methods used in traditional software development should also be
adapted when developing AI-based systems, whether in the security of artificial neural
networks or traditional components of AI systems. One of the main concerns about neural
networks today that – to the best of our knowledge – affects all deep neural networks is
the existence of adversarial examples. These examples are relatively easy to find and
according to a recent experiment, a well-chosen input can attack more networks at the same
time. In this paper we also present a wider perspective of security of neural
architectures borrowed from the traditional software engineering discipline. While in
traditional development several methods are widely applied for software testing and fault
localization, there is a lack of similar well-established methods in the neural network
context. In case of deep neural networks, systematic testing tools and methods are in the
early stage, and a methodology to test and verify the proper behavior of the neural
networks is highly desirable. Robustness testing of machine learning algorithms is a
further issue. This requires the generation of large random input data using fuzz testing
methods. The adaptation of automatic fault localization techniques has already started by
defining notions like code coverage to neural networks. Lastly, we argue that the
effective development of high quality AI-based systems need well suited frameworks that
can facilitate the daily work of scientists and software developers – like the Deep-Water
framework, presented in the closing part of the paper.
Differences in resting-state functional connectivity according to the level of impulsiveness in patients with internet gaming disorder
Authors: Kim Soo-Jeong , Kim Min-Kyeong , Shin Yu-Bin , Kim Hesun Erin , Kwon Jun Hee , Kim Jae-Jin
Published: February 2021

Background and aims

Impulsiveness is an important factor in the pathophysiology of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and regional brain functions can be different depending on the level of impulsiveness. This study aimed to demonstrate that different brain mechanisms are involved depending on the level of impulsiveness among patients with IGD.

Methods

Resting-state functional MRI data were obtained from 23 IGD patients with high impulsivity, 27 IGD patients with low impulsivity, and 22 healthy controls, and seed-based functional connectivity was compared among the three groups. The seed regions were the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and amygdala.

Results

Connectivity of the vmPFC with the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and NAcc-left insula connectivity were significantly decreased in the patients with high impulsivity, compared with the patients with low impulsivity and healthy controls. On the other hand, amygdala-based connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus showed decreases in both patient groups, compared with the healthy controls.

Conclusion

These findings may suggest a potential relationship between impulsivity and deficits in reward-related social cognition processes in patients with IGD. In particular, certain interventions targeted at vmPFC-TPJ connectivity, found to be impulsivity-specific brain connectivity, are likely to help with addiction recovery among impulsive patients with IGD.
Evolution of the “Industrial Revolution” Phenomenon: Prerequisites and Factors
Authors: Averina Irina
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the evolution of the “Industrial Revolution” phenomenon, which makes it possible to form the author’s position on the phenomenon under study, contributing to the transformation of the economic system of society at similar stages of its development as a whole. Four Industrial Revolutions are analyzed in terms of the existing prerequisites for the transition in accordance with the time intervals of each of them, as well as the factors that influenced the analyzed phenomenon. The main features of the first (18th – 19th centuries), second (second half of the 19th century – early 20th century), third (1960 – the first decade of the 21st century), fourth (2011 – up to the present time) industrial revolutions are defined. Based on the system analysis, the components of each of the industrial revolutions are identified, as well as the factors (hindering their development or having a beneficial effect on it) that have had a different impact on them. The economic and institutional aspects of all industrial revolutions are reflected, as well as their impact on economic systems on a global and national scale is shown. As a result of the study, the features of the development of economic systems at various levels that accompany the “entry” of states into the realities of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 were revealed, and the possibilities of their further adaptation and transformation in the future were indicated.
My Year of Writing through Diasporic Melancholy
Authors: Yam Shui-yin Sharon
Published: February 2021

This essay is a nonfiction personal narrative. I reflect on my changingrelationship to writing as I used it to navigate the trauma, grief, and rage I experience as adiasporic Hongkonger in the US, straddling complex geopolitics across two continents.Specifically, I explore how my experience with writing shifts as I move from writing primarilyfor academic purposes to writing for a more public transnational audience
Urolithiasis and sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective assessment of urinary biochemical variables
Authors: BRITO DENIS WAKED , SANTA-CRUZ FERNANDO , AQUINO MARIA AMÉLLIA R , NASCIMENTO WAGNER A , FERRAZ ÁLVARO ANTONIO B. , KREIMER FLÁVIO
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: to evaluate urinary biochemical alterations related to urolithogenesis processes after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Materials and methods : prospective study with 32 individuals without previous diagnosis of urolithiasis who underwent SG. A 24-h urine test was collected seven days prior to surgery and at 6-month follow-up. The studied variables were urine volume, urinary pH, oxalate, calcium, citrate, and magnesium and calcium oxalate super saturation (CaOx SS). Results: patients were mainly women (81.2%), with mean age of 40.6 years. Mean pre- and postoperative BMI were 47.1 ± 8.3 Kg/m2 and 35.5 ± 6.1 Kg/m2, respectively (p<0.001). Urine volume was significantly lower at the postoperative evaluation in absolute values (2,242.50 ± 798.26 mL x 1,240.94 ± 352.39 mL, p<0.001) and adjusted to body weight (18.58 ± 6.92 mL/kg x 13.92 ± 4.65 mL/kg, p<0.001). CaOx SS increased significantly after SG (0.11 ± 0.10 x 0.24 ± 0.18, p<0.001). Moreover, uric acid levels were significantly lower at the postoperative evaluation (482.34 ± 195.80 mg x 434.75 ± 158.38 mg, p=0.027). Urinary pH, oxalate, calcium, citrate, and magnesium did not present significant variations between the pre- and postoperative periods. Conclusion: SG may lead to important alterations in the urinary profile. However, it occurs in a much milder way than that of RYGB.
Experience of the rapid implementation of a pioneering telehealth service during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Freitas Brunnella Alcantara Chagas de , Fialho Wilmara Lopes , Prado Mara Rubia Maciel Cardoso do
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Based on a national ordinance that regulates and operationalizes telemedicine as one of the measures to cope with the public health emergency resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic, a partnership was established between the federal university and municipal management for the rapid implementation of the telehealth service for COVID-19. Experience report: Experience report on the implementation process of the specific telehealth service for COVID-19, a partnership between the academy and the service. Discussion: The implementation process requires team sizing, physical space and technological resources, training and continuous education of the team to align the actions, for the agreement and articulation of the call center and telemonitoring flowchart with the local health network at all levels of care, disclosure of the service to the population, attention to ethical aspects, criteria for issuing documents, standing out and integration of the team regarding the clinical approach in teleconsultation and telemonitoring. Conclusion: The experience of implementing the Telehealth Covid service in 27 days is reported in this article, and it is likely to be replicated by other municipalities, as a contingency measure due to COVID-19. The significant number of visits, the social mission of the public university and its articulation with the local health system stand out after two months of operation.
Education in the Mais Médicos program: the gap between proposals and implementation
Authors: Rocha Erika Maria Sampaio , Sarti Thiago Dias , Azevedo George Dantas de , Filippon Jonathan , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo Gomes , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The scarcity and inequalities in the geographical distribution of physicians challenge the consolidation of the right to health and create migratory flows that increase health inequities. Due to their complex and multidimensional characteristics, they demand multisectoral political approaches, considering several factors related to the availability and area of practice of medical doctors, as well as the social vulnerability of local populations. Objective: This study aimed at analysing results of the “Mais Médicos” (More Doctors) Program Educational Axis in Brazil. Methodology: A documental research was conducted, highlighting the location and the public or private nature of new undergraduate medical school vacancies between the years 2013 until 2017, which were then compared to the goals and strategies outlined in the official Program documents. Results: The Educational Axis reached important milestones despite the resistance of some institutional actors. The Program extended its undergraduate vacancies by 7696 places, 22.48% of that in public institutions and 77.52% in private ones. Vacancy distribution prioritized cities in rural areas of Brazil, at the same instance bringing forward significant regulatory changes for undergraduate medical courses. However, political disputes with representatives of medical societies and stakeholders interested in favouring the private educational and healthcare sectors surface in the official discourses and documents. These factors weakened the program normative body, creating a hiatus between its core objectives and respective implementation. Evidence related to the concentration of vacancies in the Southeast regions allow the maintenance of a known unequal workforce distribution, despite a proportionally bigger increase in the Midwest, North and Northeast regions. Conclusion: The predominance of vacancies in private institutions and the weakening of the new undergraduate courses monitoring instruments can compromise changes in the graduate students’ profiles, which are necessary for the fixation of physicians in strategic geographic areas to promote Primary Healthcare.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BREASTFEEDING AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY IN SCHOOLCHILDREN AGED 7-14 YEARS
Authors: Wagner Katia Jakovljevic Pudla , Rossi Camila Elizandra , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas , Alves Mariane de Almeida , Retondario Anabelle , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of breastfeeding (BF) and the association between occurrence/duration of BF and overweight/obesity in schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2012-2013, on schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Weight and height were measured according to procedures of the World Health Organization. Breastfeeding and sociodemographic data were obtained from a questionnaire responded by parents/guardians. BF was categorized as a dichotomous variable (yes/no) and according to duration (months). Nutritional status was evaluated according to the Z score of the body mass index per age for sex and it was categorized into two groups: normal weight (<Z score+1) and overweight/obesity (≥Z score+1). The adjusted analysis was performed by logistic regression in two age strata (age groups of 7-10 and 11-14 years). Results: 6.6% of schoolchildren had never breastfed; 16.8% had been breastfed for ≤3 months; 16.7%, for 4-6 months; and 59.9%, for ≥7 months. No statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence and duration of BF between the age groups. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 34.2%. For age groups (7-10 and 11-14 years), the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 36.7% and 29.8%, respectively. Chance of overweight/obesity for the age group of 7-10 years was lower among schoolchildren who were breastfed (OR=0.54; 95%CI 0.33-0.88), when compared with those who never breastfed. When categorized, the chance of overweight/obesity in the age group of 7-10 years was lower for duration of BF ≤3 months (OR=0.41; 95%CI 0.20-0.83), and 4-6 months (OR=0.48; 95%CI 0.28-0.82) when compared with children who never breastfed. Conclusions: BF for at least six months was associated with a lower chance of overweight/obesity for schoolchildren aged 7-10 years. No association was found for schoolchildren aged 11-14 years.
Composing the Handmaid: From Graphic Novel to Protest Icon
Authors: Commins Johanna
Published: February 2021

This article takes as its starting point Renee Nault’s recent adaptation of Margaret Atwood's 1985 novel The Handmaid’s Tale into comics form and asks, how is the handmaid composed? The red cloak and white headdress of the fertility slaves in Atwood’s dystopian novel make manifest Simone de Beauvoir’s famous observation that one is not born but becomes woman. Reading Nault’s text within the framework of Cultural Legal Studies, this article suggests that constructions of gender, including legal constructions of gender, are never simple or unproblematic. As law and comics scholarship suggests, the “cross-discursivity” of the comics form allows us to think about the ways in which knowledge production and representation can be contested and expanded. Reading the figure of the female protester who appears dressed in the handmaid’s uniform in a similar way allows us to see how law seeks to narrowly construe gender, and the multivalent reality it seeks to exclude within its own framing practices.
Spiders (Araneae) of Subotica Sandland (Serbia): additional arguments in environmental protection
Authors: Grbić Gordana , Hänggi Ambros , Krnjajić Slobodan
Published: February 2021

Good environmental management needs evidence-based conservation measures, and those measures need both faunistical and ecological information. Following this path, for the first time in Serbia, a faunistical research of spiders at Subotica Sandland was organised in 2014 as a base for ecological arguments in landscape management of the area. The spiders were collected at ten different habitats on sandy soil, in the period from 27th April till 30th October by pitfall trapping and sweep netting. A total of 16304 adult and 7246 juvenile individuals were captured, and 225 species from 27 families were determined. Thirty species represent new records for Serbia. Diversity and species compositions provided an insight into the quality of the habitats and the influence of the conservation and development measures that were already applied. The main endangerment factors are outlined. Conclusions and suggestions according to the analysis of the spider fauna, are mostly in correlation with those made earlier based on other groups of organisms. Within the scope of nature protection, wet and sandy meadows are prioritised over the woods. For future monitoring, two flagship and umbrella species are suggested: Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772) for the sandy area and Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757) for the wetlands.
Individual movement of large carabids as a link for activity density patterns in various forestry treatments
Authors: Růžičková Jana , Bérces Sándor , Ackov Szlávko , Elek Zoltán
Published: February 2021

Activity density is one of the most common measures for ground-dwelling arthropods including carabids. The term refers to the empirical fact that pitfall trap catches depend on the individuals’ activity; the higher activity of the individuals, the more catches in the traps. Although the movement at the individual level is widely studied, there is no available evidence whether the individual movement can be a good proxy for activity density. In our study, we aimed to explore this link in two ground beetle species, Carabus scheidleri and C. coriaceus, in oak-hornbeam forest in Hungary. We used pitfall traps for activity density and capture-mark-recapture and radio telemetry to record individual movement patterns in different forestry treatments, preparation cuttings and clear-cuttings, and their control plots. We identified an indirect link between activity density and movement of individuals via treatment types. Although activity density, mean walking speed, and the proportion of active time were significantly higher in both treatments than in control plots, individual movement reveals only temporal use of these habitats. Beetles left treatments within a few days. We concluded that the high turnover of individuals in treatments might indirectly suggest that these habitats likely act as temporary foraging sites for both species.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE METALLIZED SOLID PROPELLANT IGNITION BY A HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONVECTIVE FLOW
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), V.A. Poryazov , A.Yu. Krainov ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a mathematical model and a methodology to calculate stationary combustion of a metallized solid propellant with aluminum additives ignited by a hightemperature convective flow. The study considers the ignition of a semi-infinite slab of the metallized solid propellant which is blown over by an unlimited high-temperature flow. A boundary-layer approximation is used to develop the ignition model. The high-temperature blowing effect is taken into account in the model by means of turbulent heat and mass transfer. The paper provides a numerical and theoretical analysis on the impact of the velocity and temperature of the convective flow on the ignition time delay and the stationary combustion mode establishment. The analysis shows that the proposed approach allows calculating the time of the ignition delay and stationary combustion mode establishment for the metallized solid propellant. Moreover the ignition delay and the period of the stationary combustion mode establishment are found to be controlled by both the velocity and temperature of the convective flow.
TO THE THEORY OF n-DIMENSIONAL BRACHISTOCHRONE
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (Moscow, Russian Federation), S.O. Gladkov , S.B. Bogdanova ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a solution to the problem of the motion of a brachistochrone in the ndimensional Euclidean space is firstly presented. The very first formulation of the problem in a two-dimensional case was proposed by J. Bernoulli in 1696. It represented an analytical description of the trajectory for the fastest rolling down under gravitational force only. Thereafter, a number of problems devoted to a brachistochrone were considered with account for gravitational forces, dry and viscous drag forces, and a possible variation in the mass of a moving body. Analytical solution to the formulated problem is presented in details by an example of the body moving along a brachistochrone in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. The obtained parametric solution is confirmed by a graphical interpretation of the calculated result. The formulated problem is solved for an ideal case when drag forces are neglected. If dry and viscous friction forces are taken into account, the plane shape of the brachistochrone remains the same,while the analysis of the solution becomes more complicated. When, for example, a side air flow is taken into account, the plane curve is replaced by a three-dimensional brachistochrone.
DETERMINING OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATION FREQUENCIES FOR CROSSOVERS AND DEAD ENDS OF GAS PIPELINES
Authors:   Gazprom Transgaz Tomsk Ltd. (Tomsk, Russian Federation), A.V. Lun-Fu , M.A. Bubenchikov ,   Gazprom Transgaz Tomsk Ltd. (Tomsk, Russian Federation), S. Jambaa ,   Fundamental Research of Mongolian University of Science and Technology; National University of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), S.G.-Ts. Tsydypov ,   Buryat State University (Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a stationary equation for bending deformations of a hollow rod derived by means of variational calculus. Further, the authors introduce into consideration an inertial term as consistent with a standard procedure and obtain the wave equation for pipe bending vibrations. Applying the method of separation of variables, the resulting hyperbolic equation of vibrations is reduced to an ordinary fourth-order differential equation for a standing wave on the axial line of the pipe. Fundamental solutions to the latter equation are referred to as the Krylov functions, while the standing wave is represented as a linear combination of two independent Krylov functions. The solution to the obtained homogeneous equation is only found at certain values of characteristic parameters which are amounted to a countable set for each case of fixed ends of the pipeline segment. Thus, the whole frequency spectrum of the pipe bending vibrations is determined, and the main vibration mode is revealed for each case of fixed pipeline ends.
На пути к целостному видению человека
Authors: Ушаков Д.В.
Published: February 2021

Ситуация психологии сегодня достаточно радикально меняется в связи с возникновением новых сложных задачи. Одна группа этих задач лежит в области макропсихологии – изучения состояния больших групп людей, таких как страны и регионы. На повестке дня стоят оценка психологического состояния общества, прогнозирование его изменения под влиянием различных факторов, изучение воздействия на экономику и т.д. Другую группу задач ставит развитие искусственного интеллекта и формирование больших данных. Здесь возникают вопросы использования больших данных для оценки психологических процессов, создания умных устройств для улучшения психологического состояния людей, поддержки и индивидуализации обучения и т.д. Остаются нерешенными и более старые задачи – создание теоретико-экспериментальной базы для психотерапевтической и консультационной практики. Решать все эти задачи для современной психологической науки непросто. Причина заключается в «фасеточном» характере психологической теории, где существует множество не связанных между собой моделей процессов, свойств, состояний, но отсутствует целостное видение психики человека. Я.А. Пономарев обозначил такое состояние знания термином «эмпирическая многоаспектность». Он предложил программу построения психологической теории, позволяющей синтезировать отдельные модели психических явлений в целостную конструкцию. Основу такого синтеза составляет структурно-уровневый подход, опирающийся на эволюционную теорию. Сегодня в области психологической теории можно наблюдать движение в сторону реализации программы Я.А. Пономарева. Активно развивается и приобретает центральное методологическое значение эволюционная проблематика. Происходит рефлексия локальных моделей с целью обнаружения того общего, что может выступить основой интеграции. Реализация этой программы и возникновение интегративной психологической теории на месте разрозненных фасеток будет означать выход психологии на новый уровень как в решении практических задач, так и в мировоззренческом значении – формировании образа человека и его места в мире.
Do We Need to Forget Fixations to Incubate? A Paradox of the Forgetting Fixation Theory
Authors: Валуева Е.А. , Лаптева Н.М.
Published: February 2021

The incubation period is regarded as an important stage in creative problem solving. The incubation effect manifests itself in the enhanced problem-solving performance after taking a break. Forgetting fixation hypothesis states that incubation provides a problem solver with an opportunity to eliminate inappropriate ideas (mental sets) and therefore to come up with a correct solution. We explored in two studies whether forgetting is an actual mechanism of the incubation period (i.e. whether the traces of inappropriate fixations in memory become weaker as a consequence of incubation). In Study 1 we employed the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and fixed part of the participants on several most common ways of using an object. We checked then whether incubation helped to forget our fixations. We found the incubation effect (i.e. a greater fluency at the second attempt) only when participants were previously fixated. However, we also found that the incubation didn’t influence the number of fixations. Thus, we failed to find the evidence for forgetting fixation during the incubation period. In Study 2 we used anagrams with two possible solutions and fixed the participant on one of them. Then we used the Lexical Decision Task (LDT) to examine whether these fixations would become weaker as a result of the incubation period. No differences were found between the incubation and no-incubation groups in their response latencies for fixation words. Our results indicate that while the assumption that the function of an incubation period is in overcoming inappropriate mental sets seems to be true, the forgetting fixation theory provides an inaccurate account of underlying mechanisms.
Инновативность личности: исследование параметров психологической системы деятельности вузовской молодежи
Authors: Перикова Е.И. , Атаманова И.В. , Богомаз С.А.
Published: February 2021

Представлены результаты исследования параметров психологической системы деятельности в контексте инновативности на примере вузовской молодежи г. Санкт-Петербурга. Исследование готовности современной молодежи к инновационной деятельности представляет значительный интерес как с точки зрения личностно-профессионального становления в условиях высшего образования, так и с позиции вовлечения вузовской молодежи в инновационную деятельность в ведущих вузах страны. В качестве методического инструментария исследования использованы Опросник самоорганизации деятельности (Мандрикова, 2010), Дифференциальный тест рефлексивности (Леонтьев, Осин, 2014), Опросник ЭмИн (Люсин, 2009) и Опросник «Стили реагирования на изменения» (Базаров, Сычева, 2012). В исследовании приняли участие 244 студента второго года обучения Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. В статье обсуждаются результаты корреляционного, факторного и регрессионного анализа. Показано, что значимыми параметрами для развития инновативных качеств современной вузовской молодежи являются наличие целей, способность к системной рефлексии, ориентация на настоящее во временнjй перспективе и межличностный эмоциональный интеллект. Фиксация на выполнении какой-либо задачи и склонность к планированию могут оказывать сдерживающий эффект на реализацию личностной готовности к инновационной деятельности. Реализующий стиль реагирования на изменения определяется выраженностью как межличностного, так и внутриличностного эмоционального интеллекта, а также характеризуется наличием целей, проявлением настойчивости в их достижении и ориентацией на настоящее. В исследовании впервые показана высокая значимость эмоционального интеллекта в качестве параметра психологической системы деятельности современной молодежи в контексте развития инновативности.
HTAN Multiplex IHC Image Cytometry V0.1 v1
Authors: Sivagnanam Shamilene , Betts Courtney , Coussens Lisa
Published: February 2021

Understanding immune complexity within the tumor microenvironment provides valuable insight to tumor-immune composition, spatial interactions, and the immune system's reaction to therapy allowing us to better understand response and resistance at the interface of the tumor and host. Multiplex IHC allows for the simultaneous detection of multiple Ab targets in the same tissue section using published methods previously described1,2.This protocol contains detailed instructions on how to prepare files and run the image processing pipeline for mIHC SVS images in a GUI or command line, making it accessible to biologist and labs without computational specialty. REFERENCES Tsujikawa, Takahiro, et al. "Quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals myeloid-inflamed tumor-immune complexity associated with poor prognosis."Cell reports19.1 (2017): 203-217 Banik, Grace, et al. "High-dimensional multiplexed immunohistochemical characterization of immune contexture in human cancers."Methods in enzymology635 (2020): 1-20.
Early and Late Effects of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy on Renal Functions According to Basal Renal Function Reserv
Authors: ŞAHAN Murat , AYDIN Mehmet Erhan , YARIMOĞLU Serkan , KORAŞ Ömer , POLAT Salih , GOKALP Fatih , ÇELİK Serdar
Published: February 2021

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the early and late effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy on renal function based on preoperative glomerular filtration rate levels.
Material and Method: Between January 2012 and November 2016, 351 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were included. According to the preoperative glomerular filtration rate, patients were divided into three groups: group 1 was consists of glomerular filtration rate >90 levels; group 2 was consists of glomerular filtration rate levels between 60-90; group 3 was consists of glomerular filtration rate <60 levels. Glomerular filtration rate measure¬ments were performed preoperatively, at post-operative 1st day and 3rd month.
Results: On postoperative 1st day, mean glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased in group 1 and group 2, non-significantly decreased in group 3. At 3rd month, the mean glomerular filtration rate was again decreased compared to preoperative levels in group 1 and group 2 but this time it was statistically non-significant. However, mean glomerular filtration rate of group 3 was statistically significantly increased compared to preoperative levels.
Conclusions: Estimated glomerular filtration rate, as a better indicator of renal function, is significantly affected by the percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure. Although, firstly renal function decreased after percutaneous nephrolithotomy because of the renal trauma procedure, kidney function is better at postoperative 3rd month because of the disappearance of kidney stone . So percutaneous nephrolithotomy was significantly improved the renal functions in patients with preoperative glomerular filtration rate < 60 due to renal stone.
The Precarious Absence of Disability Perspectives in Planning Research
Authors: Terashima Mikiko , Clark Kate
Published: February 2021

One in five people in the world are said to have some type of disability. Disability is not merely individuals’ compromised capability in navigating the built environment, but rather the ‘misfit’ of capabilities with how a given living environment is organized. Planning, therefore, has a crucial role to play in responding to the needs of this significant population through changes to the built and social environment. However, discussion on planning theories and practices with a focus on persons with disability (PWD) has been limited to more specific realms of ‘design,’ and precariously absent in broader planning research. This systematic literature review aims to inform potential directions for planning scholarship by exploring the current and historic planning research investigating the needs of PWD. We compiled relevant papers from five prominent English language planning journals, some of which are long-standing (Town Planning Review, 1910–, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1935–). A very limited number of papers (n = 36) on topics related to PWD of any type have been published in the five journals throughout their existence, with even fewer focusing on the population. The subareas of planning these papers addressed include housing, transportation, land use, policy, and urban design. Many papers called for participation by PWD in the planning and decision-making processes, and some recent papers advocated for the production of evidence related to costs of creating accessible infrastructure. A critical look on some disciplinary divides and enhanced roles of planning research would be beneficial.
Qualitative Methods and Hybrid Maps for Spatial Perception with an Example of Security Perception
Authors: Töppel Mandy , Reichel Christian
Published: February 2021

The security/insecurity of our cities has become the subject of public debate in recent years. The individual intuitions about security or insecurity can vary with age, gender, social background, personal constitution and previous positive or negative experiences. They are also constantly (re)produced, as perceptions of space are individual and selective. Noting these variations, materialised factors also play a major role, e.g., recessed house entrances, dense or high hedges, poor orientation options, dark places, etc. Attributing meaning to these materialised factors, real constructs are formed which create positive or negative narratives about certain (urban) spaces, influencing the actual use and design of urban spaces. To investigate the importance attached to certain spaces, qualitative methods are required for examining socio-spatial situations, perceptual processes and attribution. Using different methods in an explorative and in-depth descriptive research phase, such as expert interviews, user observations, surveys on go-alongs, participatory mapping with detailed information on structural and spatial locations, the advantages and disadvantages of method selection are presented. Berlin’s Alexanderplatz was used as a case study area to determine perceptions of security in urban areas. We confirmed that despite variations, certain subjective perceptions concerning visibility, brightness, and audibility are collective. Additionally, hybrid maps are used to explain how subjective perceptions of space, combined with 3D graphics, can alert architects and city planners to uncertainty among users of public space.
The Movement of Teachers’ Theoretical Thinking about the Concept of Fraction and the Meaning Attributed to Teaching Materials: An Example of Multiplication with Fractions
Authors: Romeiro Iraji Oliveira , Moretti Vanessa Dias
Published: February 2021

Background: In recent years, many states and municipalities have adopted official teaching materials to guide teacher practice. However, the relationship between the use of these materials and the continuing education of in-service teachers has been little investigated. Objective: To analyse how the development of the theoretical thinking of teachers about the multiplication of fractions impacts the choice, use, or adequacy of teaching materials. Design: The theoretical and methodological foundation is based on the historical-cultural perspective seeking, in the investigation of human activity, to understand the development of theoretical thinking. Setting and participants: Continuing education with a group of 11 mathematics teachers from the state public network of São Paulo. Learning triggering situations have been proposed to overcome discretisation in the approach to fractions. Data collection and analysis: Data were collected through video recordings, written material produced by teachers and registers in a field diary. Two isolated were organised for analysis “Movement of theoretical thinking about fractions” and “Didactic material as a mediator of the teacher's action.” Results: As they theoretically understand the meaning of multiplication between fractions, teachers overcome the mechanisation of rules and begin to reveal an understanding of the interrelationship of arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric elements in teaching. Conclusion: The development of aspects of theoretical thinking about the multiplication of fractions allowed teachers to organise teaching in order to make explicit the essential and theoretical relationships of the concept. Didactic material is understood as mediation in the teaching process and its use is no longer seen as an end in itself.
Low-Magnitude Earthquakes at the Eastern Ultraslow-Spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Morozov Alexey Nikolaevich , Vaganova Natalya V. , Antonovskaya Galina N. , Asming Vladimir E. , Gabsatarova Irina P. , Dyagilev Ruslan A. , Shakhova Evgeniya V. , Evtyugina Zinaida A.
Published: February 2021

Thanks to the new permanent seismic stations installed in the Franz Joseph Land and Severnaya Zemlya arctic archipelagoes, it has become possible at present to record earthquakes occurring in the eastern Gakkel ridge with a much lower detection threshold than that provided by the global network. At present, the lowest recorded magnitude is ML 2.4 and the magnitude of completeness is 3.4. We examined the results of seismic monitoring conducted from December 2016 through January 2020 to show that the earthquake epicenters are not uniformly distributed both in space and over time within the eastern part of the ridge. There were periods of quiescence and seismic activity. Most of the epicenters are confined to the area between 86° and 95.0° E. Relative location techniques were used to locate the single major swarm of earthquakes recorded so far. Most earthquakes were recorded by two or three stations only, so that relative location techniques have been able to yield reliable data for an analysis of the swarm. We showed that there have been actually two swarms that contained different numbers of events. The earthquakes in the larger swarm were occurring nonuniformly over time and clustered at certain depths. The ML scale was calibrated for the Eurasian Arctic based on records of the seismic stations installed in the Svalbard Archipelago, Franz Joseph Land, and on Severnaya Zemlya: −logA0(R)=1.5×logR100+1.0×10−4(R−100)+3.0. The results will help expand our knowledge of the tectonic and magmatic processes occurring within the ultraslow Gakkel ridge, which are reflected in the local seismicity.
A Comparison of Mechanical Wind Filters for Infrasound Sensor Noise Reduction
Authors: McComas Sarah , Hayward Chris , Arrowsmith Stephen , Stump Brian , McKenna Taylor Mihan H.
Published: February 2021

Infrasound sensors record the ambient acoustic field that contains not only signals of interest but also noise and clutter. Noise is defined as atmospheric turbulence that is incoherent over the distances of meters, whereas, signals of interest and clutter are acoustic pressure waves that are coherent over 10s of meters to 100s of kilometers. There is a growing interest in monitoring sources that extend across the acoustic spectrum from infrasound (below 20 Hz) into the low-end audible acoustic (20–1000 Hz). Monitoring of these extended band signals with a single sensor is made possible with the development of contemporary infrasound sensors, such as Hyperion IFS-3000 with a flat response from 0.01 to 1000 Hz. Combining infrasound sensors with seismometers provides opportunity to better assess noise contributions for both sensor types and improve characterization of sources that occur close to the solid earth–atmosphere boundary. Because sensors are installed to target these broadband acoustic sources, considerations need to be made when selecting a mechanical wind filter to mitigate the noise, while minimizing the impacts to the signals of interest across these frequency ranges. Motivated by these opportunities, this article compares traditional infrasound wind filter designs, that is, porous hoses rosettes and domes, in an urban setting for frequencies 0.01–45 Hz. Data analysis compares the filters, in terms of their response to noise and signals with direct comparisons of wind filters, as a function of frequency. The quantification of performance of these filters in an urban setting provides insight into their effects on detection of sources of interest in this environment.