bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of robust genes in transcriptional regulatory network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Prithvi , Amir Mohd , Chaudhary Upasana , Ahmad Fozail , Bhatt Sachin , Sankhwar Shweta , Dohare Ravins
Published: September 2020

About 30% of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It is well known that the gene expression in MTB is highly variable, thus screening of traditional single‐gene in MTB has been incapable to meet the desires of clinical diagnosis. In this report, the authors systemically analysed the transcription regulatory network (TRN) in MTB H37Rv. The complex interplay of these gene interactions has been revealed using exhaustive topological and global analysis of TRN using parameters including indegree, outdegree, degree, directed and undirected average path length (APL), and randomly performed. Results from indegree analysis reveal a set of important genes, including papA5 and Rv0177 which are associated with high indegree values. Gene ontology analysis suggested their importance in the virulence of MTB. In addition, APL and analysis of highly significant genes further identified some critical genes with different APL values. Among the list of genes identified, thecsoR gene has the shortest directed APL score and high outdegree value, thus suggesting their importance in maintaining network topology. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of TRN and offers a good basis of understanding for developing experimental study in search of new therapeutic targets against MTB H37Rv pathogen.
Searching for molecular gas inflows and outflows in the nuclear regions of five Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Domínguez-Fernández A. J. , Alonso-Herrero A. , García-Burillo S. , Davies R. I. , Usero A. , Labiano A. , Levenson N. A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Imanishi M. , Ramos Almeida C. , Rigopoulou D.
Published: September 2020

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) driven outflows are believed to play an important role in regulating the growth of galaxies, mostly via negative feedback. However, their effects on their hosts are far from clear, especially for low- and moderate-luminosity Seyferts. To investigate this issue, we obtained cold molecular gas observations, traced by the CO(2-1) transition, using the NOEMA interferometer of five nearby (distances between 19 and 58 Mpc) Seyfert galaxies. The resolution of ∼0.3–0.8 (∼30–100 pc) and field of view of NOEMA allowed us to study the CO(2-1) morphology and kinematics in the nuclear regions (∼100 pc) and up to radial distances of ∼900 pc. We detected CO(2-1) emission in all five galaxies with disky or circumnuclear ring-like morphologies. We derived cold molecular gas masses on nuclear (∼100 pc) and circumnuclear (∼650 pc) scales in the range from 106 to 107 M⊙ and from 107 to 108 M⊙, respectively. In all of our galaxies, the bulk of this gas is rotating in the plane of the galaxy. However, noncircular motions are also present. In NGC 4253, NGC 4388, and NGC 7465, we can ascribe the streaming motions to the presence of a large-scale bar. In Mrk 1066 and NGC 4388, the noncircular motions in the nuclear regions are explained as outflowing material due to the interaction of the AGN wind with molecular gas in the galaxy disk. We conclude that for an unambiguous and precise interpretation of the kinematics of the cold molecular gas, we need detailed knowledge of the host galaxy (i.e., presence of bars, interactions, etc.), and also of the ionized gas kinematics and ionization cone geometry.
Vortex generation in the early Universe
Authors: Bhattacharjee Chinmoy , Stark David J.
Published: September 2020

Context.Accretion disks formed near primordial black holes can be sources of seed magnetic fields in the early Universe. In particular, the Biermann battery mechanism has been shown to generate primordial magnetic fields in an unmagnetized and turbulence-free accretion disk, but this depends on a delicate misalignment of density and pressure gradients in plasmas.

Aims.We aim to reformulate the question of magnetogenesis in the context of plasma generalized vorticity and to search for a more robust mechanism of vorticity generation in the early Universe.

Methods.We utilize the electro-vortical formalism in curved spacetime, which treats the plasma flow and electromagnetic field on an equal footing, and apply it to a thin accretion disk model near a rotating black hole.

Results.We present a spacetime curvature-driven mechanism that persists even in the absence of the Biermann battery. We explore the vorticity and enstrophy generation rate dependencies on black hole masses and spin rates.

Conclusions.Analysis indicates that the accretion disks around lower-mass, faster rotating black holes contribute the greatest amount to the enstrophy and vorticity generation rates from the spacetime curvature drive. The shorter turning radii at which the sign of the vorticity changes – corresponding with this region of phase space – may favor these length scales in vortical structure formation and subsequent evolution.
Design and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Small Scale Wind Power Plants
Authors: Hamzah Amir , Suwitno Suwitno , Irfan Joni , Kurniawan Iwan , Gussyafri Haji , Susanto Herry , Tsitsino Turkadze
Published: September 2020

Wind energy is one of the primary energy sources that can be used to produce electricity. Indonesia has the potential to harness wind energy to produce electricity due to located on the equator, especially in coastal areas. An alternative to the availability of electricity in remote coastal areas is to use small-scale wind power plants. One component that plays an important role in wind power generation systems is the generator. A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. In small scale wind power plants, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) are commonly used as energy conversion machines. In this paper, a PMSG has been designed for small-scale and low-speed wind power generation as an energy conversion machine. PMSG which has been designed has the following specifications: 500 W, three phases, 18 slots, 12 poles, with a rotation speed of 500 rpm. The simulation test results obtained the following data, the output phase-phase maximum voltage of the generator is 38.84 V, and phase maximum voltage is 22.5 V.
Characteristic Biofuel MicroalgaeChlorellasp. as Renewable Energy Source
Authors: Fiveriati Anggra , Yonatan Yeddid , Anne Olga , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih
Published: September 2020

World consumption of energy is estimated to increase by 49 % from 2007 to 2035, which means averagely 1.4 % yr–1. Many countries in the world began to develop alternative energy that can overcome the resources. Microalgae is one of the renewable energy that has excellent potential for making biodiesel because it contains much oil. Microalgae is the fastest organism in the photosynthesis, so it makes microalgae have high productivity. In this article, researchers useChlorellasp. because these microalgae contain oil up to 28 % to 32 % from its dry weight, and on the other hand, this type of microalgae is easy to grow and easy to harvest. From the experimental results, the density characteristics of biodieselChlorellasp. have values from 0.84 g mL–1to 0.848 g mL–1, and it is lower than the density of petroleum (diesel), and viscosity value from 2.5 cSt to 3.91 cSt, cetane numbers 51.17 to 53.72 also heating value 44.04 mJ kg–1and Flashpoint 131 °C. The characteristic result shows that theChlorellasp. microalgae biodiesel is still in SNI standard (Indonesia National Standard) so that theChlorellasp. can be used as a substitute diesel fuel.
Geographic Information System of Primary Carbon Deposit of Mangrove Forest in Merauke District, Indonesia
Authors: Xaverius Fransiskus , Hence Dolfi Loppies Stanly , Siregar Kiman , Vincēviča-Gaile Zane , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih
Published: September 2020

Emission factors with increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) originating from various human activities are one of the causes of global climate change. The mangrove forest is a type of plant that has a great ability to absorb carbon in the atmosphere and store it in biomass through photosynthesis. Merauke Regency has 20 separate parts based on regional administration, but primary Mangrove forests are only found in ten regions (district). The results of research carried out using geographic information systems (GIS) in processing primary Mangrove forest data based on 2016 land cover map data in Merauke district, the area of primary mangrove forest reaches 184.402 ha, which is spread in various regions. With carbon deposits reaching 21 536 333 t ha-1-Carbon and Emission carbon dioxide reach 409 758.04 t ha-1.
The Readiness of Indonesia to Implement Blended Biodiesel B30
Authors: Febriansyah Hermawan , Budi Utomo Fajar , Suminto Suminto
Published: September 2020

Since 2016, based on the regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources number 12/2015, the government has enacted a policy of mixing biodiesel into diesel oil by 20 %, also known as B20. It is applied to all sectors that use diesel oil. In 2020, based on that regulation, Indonesia will continue to implement B30. Indonesia will be the first nation in the world to implement B30, especially biodiesel based on palm oil. This study is to present the readiness of Indonesia to implement B30 by the installed capacity, the regulation, the reference of standard, and the availability of biodiesel laboratory. This study is based on literature studies, discussion, and biodiesel testing. The result of this study showed that the biodiesel installed capacity has enough to supply B30. The regulation has available as mandatory starting per 2020. The biodiesel testing showed compliance in the parameter of the revised standard. The biodiesel laboratory as a conformity assessment also has available to test the revision of biodiesel standard. It gives confidence for Indonesia to implement B30.
Design of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Control Based One-Axis Solar Tracker on Battery Charging System
Authors: Abadi Imam , Oktavia Hardiana Tiara , Imron Chairul , Nur Fitriyanah Dwi , Jani Yahya , Abdullah Kamaruddin
Published: September 2020

The photovoltaic (PV) panel can produce electrical energy that is very environmentally friendly and easy to use. The use of PV panels is suitable for supplying peak loads or at night using batteries as energy storage. However, the battery needs to manage for control, and the battery can last long. The solution to battery management problems is through research about the battery charging system. The DC-DC converter used is the Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) type. Voltage Control of the battery charging using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). In the simulation of bright conditions, ANFIS controls can track the charging point set point and obtain a voltage response with a rise time of 0.0028 s, a maximum overshoot of 0.027 %, a peak time of 0.008 s, and a settling time of 0.0193 s. When charging a solar tracker, PV battery gets a 0.25 % increase compared to a fixed PV panel. PV solar tracker can follow the direction of the sun’s position. The irradiation value and maximum temperature affect the input voltage and input current that enters the converter.
Real-Time Implementation of Passive Fault-Tolerant Speed Control for Unloading MS150 DC Motor System
Authors: Indriawati Katherin , Kurnianingtyas Rahajeng
Published: September 2020

The failure of a DC motor in an electric car caused by an error in the actuator and sensor can endanger the driver and the surrounding environment. This research focuses on the design of a Passive Fault Tolerant Control (PFTC) system that can work when an actuator and sensor error occurs in the MS150 DC modular servo system speed control. The first step is to identify the MS150 DC modular servo system. The second step is to design a state feedback control system with an integrator. The third step is to design a simulation PFTC system and design a PFTC system to be implemented in realtime. To find out the performance of the designed PFTC system, a test is carried out with a bias error of about 0.1 V to 0.8 V. On the results of implementing the PFTC system in real-time on the simulation error, the maximum overshoot value is smaller than the system without PFTC, besides the application of AFTC causes the resulting settling time is smaller than the system without PFTC.
Hydrological Model and GIS-Based Estimation of Hydropower and Solar Energy Potential in Patimban Area, Indonesia
Authors: Magenika Julian Miga , Agung Wahyuono Ruri , Agus Prasetio Eko , Poerbandono Poerbandono
Published: September 2020

This study aims at mapping and evaluating the hydropower and solar energy potential in the Patimban area, Subang district, West Java Indonesia, within the vicinity of Patimban Deep-Sea Port construction. The hydrological model, the geographic information system (GIS), and climatology data were exploited to assist the estimation of the site-specific hydropower and solar energy potential. The results at hand reveal that the Patimban area exhibit a promising potential to develop both pico and micro hydropower plants for domestic energy supply in the urban area close to the seaport. Meanwhile, the solar energy potentials in merely 12 ha area determined from the sunshine durations in the Patimban area enable to adequately supply the approximated energy demand of the Patimban DeepSea Port operation. The financing scheme for funding this renewable energy power plant is briefly discussed and proposed as an alternative to the limited budget for the Patimban Deep-Sea Port construction. Overall, the hydrological model and GIS demonstrate their applicability in assessing the potential of environmental sources of renewable energy.
Optimization of Sulfur Soaking Water on Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Woven Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asperBacker ex Heyne) Strips
Authors: Martini Bako Rahab , Sariman Farid , Wely Wullur Christian , Alrin Rahangmetan Klemens , Cipto Cipto , Widodo Wahyu , Soni Peeyush
Published: September 2020

There are about 60 species of bamboo belonging to family gramineae found in Indonesia, which is one of them isPetungbamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Bamboo has the potential to produce environmentally friendly engineering materials. The strength and durability of the material can be increased through the immersion process using chemical or natural solutions, such as sulphur water because it is known to contain carbon elements high enough to support strength increase. The research was started by making thick bamboo slats 1 mm thick, 250 mm long, 10 mm wide, and then woven in plain shapes of 250 mm × 250 mm, then dried at 110 °C for 60 min then immersed in sulfur water. For tensile test using the ASTM D638-02 standart, ASTM D790-02 bending test, ASTM D5942-96 impact test. The test results show the tensile strength increased 89.17 %, bending strength increased 59.90 % and impact strength increased 1.59 %. The highest value of the mechanical test results occurred in sample 1 AB3, while the lowest mechanical test value occurred in 1 TP sample. The microstructure of the 1 TP sample shows a pointed and smooth fracture shape while the sample 1 AB3 has an increasingly blunt fracture shape with fine threads.
Plantwide Control: A New Design Procedure and Its Application at Liquefied Petroleum Gas Facility (LPGF) Plant
Authors: Haksoro Toto , Firdaus Mujiyanti Safira , Siti Aisjah Aulia , Ruki Biyanto Totok
Published: September 2020

Natural Gas is the cleanest source of fossil energy, resulting in lower carbon emissions from coal and oil. In gas processing, the process done to separate the product composition is the fractionation process. In the gas industry, facilities/parts that are specifically to perform the process are called liquefied petroleum gas Facility plant (LPGF). Process Control is the key to a safe and profitable process industry. The Plantwide control is a structural design and control strategy for the factory as a whole. The preferred control method on this final task is the PID for regulatory control as well as the decentralized supervisory control for supervisory control and the real time optimizer for its optimization. The new plantwide control procedure can increase the profit in the process liquefied petroleum gas facility plant up to USD 643 h–1 (3 %) and decreased energy use by USD 5 h–1 (5.16 %). The application of the Plantwide control on the liquefied petroleum gas facility is also able to produce a stable system response when the interruption of the feed flow rate changes. This is demonstrated by decreasing slurries time and maximum overshoot as well as eliminating steady-state errors.
Validated markers for sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) breeding
Authors: Rauf Saeed , Warburton Marilyn , Naeem Amina , Kainat Wardah
Published: September 2020

Sunflower is native to North America and is now grown around the world for edible oil, seed roasting, confectionary products and bird food. Genetic diversity in cultivated and wild germplasm is characterized for use with various breeding objectives. Molecular markers have been developed to facilitate sunflower breeding. This review was undertaken to discuss molecular markers, which have been validated in different genetic backgrounds for traits of economic interest in sunflower. Markers found to be linked to monogenic traits in mapping populations may be used to select plants with those traits; review of the literature identified markers available for several monogenic traits including resistance against pests and pathogens. Markers linked to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for many disease resistance and economically important traits that have also been identified in specific populations and target environments are also reported here. These identified linked markers should be validated in different genetic backgrounds and environments to ensure widespread utility. Publicly available inbred lines carrying traits of interest and validated markers related to them are summarized in this review, which also highlights traits for which these resources are still lacking, possibly due to lack of funding despite the importance of this hybrid crop. Genomic sequence data is now available for sunflower, which must now be exploited to develop new SNP based markers linked to genes of interest to mine allelic diversity related to economically important traits, especially traits well studied in other organisms, such as seed oil content and resistance genes.
Infective Endocarditis as a Complication of Intravenous Drug Use in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Adesomo Adebayo , Gonzalez-Brown Veronica , Rood Kara M.
Published: September 2020

Objective An increase in opioid use disorder and subsequent intravenous drug use has led to an increase in sequalae that may complicate pregnancy, such as infective endocarditis. Infective endocarditis has the potential for significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We sought to examine the management considerations and clinical implications of intravenous drug use-related infective endocarditis in pregnancy from our center's experience.

Study Design Retrospective study of management of pregnancies complicated by infective endocarditis as a result of active intravenous drug use at an academic tertiary care hospital from January 2012 through December 2019.

Results Twelve women with active intravenous drug use histories were identified as having clinical and echocardiographic features consistent with infective endocarditis. Six women were discharged against medical advice and did not complete the full course of recommended antibiotic regimen. Eight women were started or continued on opioid agonist therapy during their hospitalization. Four neonates required neonatal intensive care unit admission for pharmacologic treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Conclusion Management of intravenous drug use-associated infective endocarditis in pregnancy involves more than treating the acute condition. In pregnant women with opioid use disorder and infective endocarditis, addiction and chronic psychosocial conditions need to be addressed to optimize care.
Graphene turns water current into electrical current
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: September 2020

Water flowing over carbon-based materials can generate electrical energy, but a better understanding and quantification of this process is needed for practical applications.
Elucidating the functional form of the recombination losses in a planar perovskite solar cell: A scaling analysis
Authors: Xue Hansong , Stangl Rolf , Birgersson Erik
Published: September 2020

Through the analysis of scales on the drift–diffusion device model of a planar-structured perovskite solar cell, we have obtained accurate-analytical expressions that capture the recombination losses within the cell. The recombination losses are resolved into the radiative and Shockley–Read–Hall mechanisms, as well as interfacial recombination between the perovskite and electron/hole-transporting layers. After parameter calibration with the state of the art planar perovskite solar cell of 23.5% efficiency, the percentage contribution of various recombination loss channels within a planar-structured perovskite solar cell is analytically determined through derived scales and numerically verified at the condition of an open-circuit voltage and a short-circuit current, as well as gives a good prediction of a dominant recombination mechanism within the cell. On this basis, a comparison of loss analysis between the estimated scales and numeric results is carried out at the condition of an open-circuit voltage when a wide range of parameters influencing the recombination current is deviated simultaneously, and a good agreement is obtained.
High-speed imaging of transition from fluid breakup to phase explosion in electric explosion of tungsten wires in air
Authors: Sechrest Y. , Campbell C. , Tang X. , Staack D. , Wang Z.
Published: September 2020

High-speed visible imaging of sub-microsecond electric explosion of wires at the low specific energy deposition threshold reveals three distinct modes of wire failure as capacitor charge voltage and energy deposition are increased. For 100 μm diameter gold-plated tungsten wires of 2 cm length, deposited energies of 1.9 eV/atom produce a liquid column that undergoes hydrodynamic breakup into droplets with radii of the order of wire diameter on timescales of 200 μs. Instability growth, column breakup, and droplet coalescence follow classical Rayleigh–Plateau predictions for instability of the viscous fluid column. Above a deposited energy of 3.2 eV/atom, wires are seen to abruptly transition to an expanding mixture of micrometer scale liquid-droplets and vapor within one frame (less than 3.33 μs), which has been termed “phase explosion” in the literature. Between these two limits, at a deposited energy of 2.5 eV/atom, the wire radius remains unchanged for the first 10 μs before the onset of a rapid expansion and disintegration that resembles homogenous nucleation of mechanically unstable bubbles. Thermodynamic calculations are presented, which separate cases by temperature obtained during heating: below the boiling point, near the boiling point, and exceeding the boiling point.
Si-matched BxGa1−xP grown via hybrid solid- and gas-source molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Blumer Zak H. , Boyer Jacob T. , Blumer Ari N. , Lepkowski Daniel L. , Grassman Tyler J.
Published: September 2020

The growth of BxGa1−xP alloys by hybrid solid/gas-source molecular beam epitaxy, with B supplied via the BCl3 gas precursor, is demonstrated. Compositional control ranging from pure GaP to B0.045Ga0.955P has thus far been achieved. Slightly tensile-strained B0.031Ga0.969P grown on nearly pseudomorphic, compressively strained GaP/Si was used to produce an effectively strain-free (0.06% tensile misfit at growth temperature) 160 nm total III–V thickness BxGa1−xP/Si virtual substrate with a threading dislocation density of <3 × 105 cm−2, at least 4× lower than comparable GaP/Si control samples. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals that subsequent GaP overgrowth undergoes epilayer relaxation via dislocation introduction and glide at the upper GaP/B0.031Ga0.969P interface, rather than the lower GaP/Si interface, confirming the strain-balanced nature of the B0.031Ga0.969P/GaP/Si structure and its potential use as a III–V virtual substrate.
Magnetic characterization of rare-earth oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Trepka Kai , Tao Ye
Published: September 2020

High saturation magnetization and hysteresis-less magnetic responses are desirable for nanoparticles in scientific and technological applications. Rare-earth oxides are potentially promising materials because of their paramagnetism and high magnetic susceptibility in the bulk, but the magnetic properties of their nanoparticles remain incompletely characterized. Here, we present full M–H loops for commercial RE2O3 nanoparticles (RE = Er, Gd, Dy, Ho) with radii from 10–25 nm at room temperature and 4 K. The magnetic responses are consistent with two distinct populations of atoms, one displaying the ideal Re3+ magnetic moment and the other displaying a sub-ideal magnetic moment. If all sub-ideal ions are taken to be on the surface, the data are consistent with ≈2−10 nm surface layers of reduced magnetization. The magnetization of the rare-earth oxide nanoparticles at low temperatures (1.3–1.9 T) exceeds that of the best iron-based nanoparticles, making rare-earth oxides candidates for use in next-generation cryogenic magnetic devices that demand a combination of hysteresis-less response and high magnetization.
Core-excited resonances initiated by unusually low energy electrons observed in dissociative electron attachment to Ni(II) (bis)acetylacetonate
Authors: Kopyra J. , Rabilloud F. , Abdoul-Carime H.
Published: September 2020

Dissociative electron attachment is a mechanism found in a large area of research and modern applications. This process is initiated by a resonant capture of a scattered electron to form a transitory anion via the shape or the core-excited resonance that usually lies at energies above the former (i.e., >3 eV). By studying experimentally and theoretically the interaction of nickel(II) (bis)acetylacetonate, Ni(II)(acac)2, with low energy electrons, we show that core-excited resonances are responsible for the molecular dissociation at unusually low electron energies, i.e., below 3 eV. These findings may contribute to a better description of the collision of low energy electrons with large molecular systems.
Cole–Cole relation for long-chain branching from general rigid bead–rod theory
Authors: Coombs S. J. , Kanso M. A. , Giacomin A. J.
Published: September 2020

Empirically, we find that the parametric plots of the imaginary vs real parts of the complex viscosity may depend neither on temperature nor on average molecular weight. Moreover, for a fixed polydispersity, these viscosity Cole–Cole curves amplify both rightward and upward with long-chain branching content. In this paper, we find that general rigid bead–rod theory [O. Hassager, “Kinetic theory and rheology of bead–rod models for macromolecular solutions. II. Linear unsteady flow properties,” J. Chem. Phys. 60(10), 4001–4008 (1974)] can explain these rightward and upward amplifications. We explore the effects of branching along a straight chain in small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow. Specifically, we explore the number of branches, branch length, branch position, and branch distribution.
Review of electronic discharge summaries from the general medicine, general surgery and mental health streams at a tertiary hospital: retrospective analysis of timeliness, brevity and completeness
Authors: Potent Keith , Levy Benjamin , Porritt Andrew
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis retrospective study identified and compared the performance of electronic discharge summaries (EDSs) from three hospital in-patient streams (surgical, medical and mental health) with Australian standards.
MethodsAn audit was performed of 120 EDSs extracted from a tertiary hospital. Auditors evaluated each EDS using an adaptation of the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care’s EDS toolkit.
ResultsEDSs from all in-patient streams were lengthy and most did not include information regarding discharge destination, patient education or recommendations. General Medicine EDSs were most timely, averaging within 1 day of discharge.
ConclusionsKey areas of improvement remain for improving the timeliness, brevity and completeness of EDSs. Key areas identified for improvement include page length, discharge destination, alerts, patient education and recommendations. Variability in audit results between streams suggests the need for speciality-specific templates, standards and medical officer training.
What is known about the topic?The literature suggests that an EDS is timely if it is completed within 2 days of discharge. A complete and brief EDS should also include key details of the care in two (or fewer) pages.
What does this paper add?This paper evaluated 120 EDSs, compared them against a standard and stratified the EDSs according to three core clinical in-patient streams that produced them (surgical, medical and mental health).
What are the implications for practitioners?Although broad guidelines for timeliness, brevity and completeness have been established for EDSs, each in-patient stream will require different standards. A hospital or health service should have established standards relevant to each in-patient stream. Before commencing a term in any of the three in-patient streams, medical officers who are to generate EDSs should be trained in the required standard. Training should highlight critical elements of a speciality stream to ensure EDS authors are aware of the nuances of the stream in which they are rotating. In addition, general practitioners should liaise with local hospitals to ensure ongoing dialogue and improvement of clinical handover documents.
Data challenges and practical aspects of machine learning-based statistical methods for the analyses of poultry data to improve food safety and production efficiency
Authors: Pitesky Maurice , Gendreau Joseph , Bond Tristan , Carrasco-Medanic Roberto
Published: September 2020

Leveraging data collected by commercial poultry requires a deep understanding of the data that are collected. Machine learning (ML)-based techniques are capable of “learning by finding” nonobvious associations and patterns in the data in order to create more reliable, accurate, explanatory, and predictive statistical models. This article provides practical definitions and examples of ML-based statistical approaches for the analysis of poultry production and poultry food safety-based data. In addition to summarizing the literature, two real examples of the supervised machine learning ensemble technique, random forest (RF), are provided with respect to predicting egg weights from a commercial layer farm and identifying the potential causes of a
Salmonella
outbreak from a commercial broiler facility. Specifically, as an example, for the prediction of egg weights, a training model and a test model were created, and a modification of RF was used to explore the ability to predict egg weights. Results identified multiple variables including Age, Farm Location, Body Weight, Total Eggs, Hens Housed, and House Style which were predictive of the continuous variable Egg Weight. With respect to the accuracy of the variable Egg Weight, the average error between the predicted and actual egg weight was determined to be less than 3%. With respect to broiler food safety, a relational database was constructed and a supervised RF model was developed to identify the predictors of
Salmonella
in a grow-out farm and associated broiler processing plant. Predictors of
Salmonella
that included livability, density of birds in the grow-out farm, and breeder age were identified. The task of choosing the most appropriate ML-based model(s) that accounts for the large number of variables common to the poultry industry and addresses the intricate interdependence between several production parameters and inputs while predicting multiple sequential outputs is complex. The use of ML techniques in combination with new data streams including sensors (e.g., visual and audio), IoT, and Web-scraping could offer a more comprehensive, efficient, and timely approach toward evaluating productivity, food safety, and profitability in commercial poultry.
On fatigue life variability in bone cement
Authors: Schönning Alexandra , Neal Jonathan , Eason Paul D. , Tiryakioğlu Murat , Logan Zachariah S.
Published: September 2020

Fatigue life of Simplex P bone cement was tested at three different stress amplitudes by using specimens produced by two different mixers. Fatigue life data showed high variability in all instances. Statistical analysis showed that fatigue life was not affected by the type of mixer. Analysis of fracture surfaces showed that fatigue life variability could be attributed to the presence of defects, such as bubbles and mixing defects. Both Weibull and Tiryakioğlu distributions provided excellent fits to the fatigue life data. Moreover, the Gumbel parameters for fatigue initiator size data estimated in the Tiryakioğlu distribution agreed closely with fractographic measurements.
Quantum gravity on polygons and

R×Zn

FLRW model
*
Authors: Argota-Quiroz J N , Majid S
Published: September 2020

We fully solve the quantum geometry of

Z

n

as a polygon graph with arbitrary metric square-lengths on the edges, finding a ∗-preserving quantum Levi-Civita connection which is unique for n ≠ 4. As a first application, we numerically compute correlation functions for Euclideanised quantum gravity on

Z

n

for small n. We then study an FLRW model on

R
×

Z

n

, finding the same expansion rate as for the classical flat FLRW model in 1 + 2 dimensions. We also look at particle creation on

R
×

Z

n

and find an additional m = 0 adiabatic no particle creation expansion as well as the particle creation spectrum for a smoothed step expansion.
Metal vapor content of an electric arc initiated by exploding wire in a model N2 circuit breaker: simulation and experiment
Authors: Kadivar A , Niayesh K , Sasaki Støa-Aanensen N , Abid F
Published: September 2020

A conductive wire can explode by rapidly heating it to vaporization temperature by flowing a current through it. This process is utilized to generate high-temperature high-density plasmas. The temperature and pressure distributions at the time of the explosion are not easily measured. Moreover, the amount of metal vapor from the wire that remains within the arcing area is unknown. This work presents the whole-process model of a single-wire electrical explosion from solid-state to plasma formation. For this purpose, the voltage drop and resistance of the exploding copper wire in solid-state are simulated through a zero-dimensional thermo-electrical model. Then, compressible Euler equations are implemented with nodal discontinuous Lagrange shape functions in a one-dimensional model to compute the flow of the generated copper vapor (due to the wire explosion) in surrounding nitrogen gas. The aim is to calculate the distributions of pressure, density, velocity, temperature, and mass flow along the cylindrical shock waves to estimate the arc’s copper/nitrogen mixture ratio in free burning and nozzle constricted arcs. This mixture ratio is used to calculate the precise percentage of the metal vapor in the arcing area and to calculate Townsend growth coefficients utilizing to estimate the streamer breakdown of the mixture. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the temporal evolution of the plasma channel boundary, the shock front speed estimation as well as the arc voltage magnitude numerically calculated deploying the extracted mixture percentage from this study, manifesting the validity of the model. It shows that despite the low-pressure studies, the exploding wire method is not suitable for circuit breakers employing supercritical fluids as the insulation.
Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analog in all-dielectric metamaterials loaded with graphene
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Huaixing , Zhou Chaobiao , Jiang Xiaoyun , Xiao Shuyuan
Published: September 2020

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analog in all-dielectric metamaterials with a high quality factor provides an effective route to enhance light–matter interaction at the nanoscale. In particular, the active control applied to it enables great degree of freedom for spatial light modulation and thus promises functional device applications with high flexible tunability. Here, we load graphene into all-dielectric metamaterials and realize the remarkably high modulation depth in the transmission amplitude of the EIT resonance with the manipulation of graphene conductivity, via shifting the Fermi level or altering the layer number. The physical origin lies in the controllable light absorption through the interband loss of graphene in the near infrared. This work reveals a strategically important interaction mechanism between graphene and EIT resonance in all-dielectric metamaterials, and opens avenues in designing a family of hybrid metadevices that permit promising applications to light modulation, switching, slow light and ultrasensitive biosensing.
Observed metallization of hydrogen interpreted as a band structure effect
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Oh Sehoon , Cohen Marvin L
Published: September 2020

A recent experimental study of the metallization of hydrogen tracked the direct band gap and vibron frequency via infrared measurements up to ∼425 GPa (Loubeyre et al (2020 Nature
577 631). Above this pressure, the direct gap has a discontinuous drop to below the minimum experimentally accessible energy (∼0.1 eV). The authors suggested that this observation is caused by a structural phase transition between the C2/c-24 molecular phase to another molecular phase such as Cmca-12. Here, through ab initio calculations of pressure dependent vibron frequency and direct band gap, we find that the experimental data is consistent with the C2/c-24 phase up to 425 GPa, and suggest that this consistency extends beyond that pressure. Specifically, we find that qualitative changes in the band structure of the C2/c-24 phase lead to a discontinuous drop of the direct band gap, which can explain the observed drop without a structural transition. This alternative scenario, which naturally explains the absence of hysteresis in the measurements, will hopefully motivate further experimental studies to ascertain the structure of the phase above the high pressure ‘phase transition’.
Structural relationship between crystalline and amorphous states in Cu–(Zr, Ti) binary systems
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Dong Chuang , Häussler Peter
Published: September 2020

This paper focuses on the revelation of structural relationship of the ordered and disordered states in Cu–(Zr, Ti) binary systems. The atomic radial distributions in real space and the electron scattering behavior in reciprocal space between crystalline and amorphous phases are compared. The spherical-periodic order, characteristic of disordered structures, is clearly present in the crystalline phases, suggesting the structural homology of crystalline and the corresponding amorphous states. Furthermore, the diameters of Brillouin- or Jones-zones at the Fermi level in the crystalline and amorphous states are also similar and they fall close to those of the calculated Fermi spheres, verifying the resonance between the static atomic structure and the electron wave.
Engineering magnetic anisotropy and exchange couplings in double transition metal MXenes via surface defects
Authors: Siriwardane Edirisuriya M D , Karki Pragalv , Lee Loh Yen , Çakır Deniz
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been experimentally proven to manifest almost all types of material properties observed in bulk materials. However, 2D magnetism was elusive until recently. In this work, we used an approach that synergistically uses density functional theory, and Monte Carlo methods to investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of magnetic double transition metal MXene alloys (Hf2MnC2O2 and Hf2VC2O2) by exploiting realistic surface terminations via creating surface defects including oxygen vacancies and H adatoms. We found that introducing surface oxygen vacancies or hydrogen adatoms is able to modify the electronic structures, magnetic anisotropies, and exchange couplings. Depending on the defect concentration, a ferromagnetic half-metallic state can be realized for both Hf2VC2O2 and Hf2MnC2O2. Bare Hf2VC2O2 exhibits easy-axis anisotropy, whereas bare Hf2MnC2O2 exhibits easy-plane anisotropy; however, defects can change the latter to easy-axis anisotropy, which is preferable for spintronics applications. The considered defects were found to modify the magnetic anisotropy by as much as 300%. Defects also produce an inhomogeneous pattern of exchange couplings, which can further enhance the Curie temperature. In particular, Hf2MnC2O2H0.22 was predicted to have a Curie temperature of about 171 K due to a combination of easy-axis anisotropy and a connected network of enhanced exchange couplings. Our calculations suggest a route toward engineering exchange couplings and magnetic anisotropy to improve magnetic properties.
Humidity effect on peeling of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Tan Jie , Wang Yue , Guo Yufeng
Published: September 2020

Ambient humidity introduces water adsorption and intercalation at the surfaces and interfaces of low-dimensional materials. Our extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal the completely opposite contributions of interfacial water to the peeling of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets from graphite and BN substrates. For graphene, interfacial water decreases the peeling force, due to lower adhesion at the graphene/water interface. The peeling force of h-BN increases with an increase in the thickness of interfacial water, owing to stronger adhesion at the h-BN/water interface and the detachment of the water layer from the substrates. In this work, a theoretical model considering graphene/water and water/substrate interfacial adhesion energies is established, to predict the peeling forces of graphene and h-BN, which coincides well with the peeling forces predicted by the MD simulations. Our results should provide a deeper insight into the effect of interfacial water, induced by ambient humidity, on mechanical exfoliation and the transfer of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals.
A thiol-functionalized zirconium metal–organic cage for the effective removal of Hg2+ from aqueous solution
Authors: Qi Xiang-Juan , Sun Min , Hou Bao-Shan , Yu Xiang , Shan Guo-Gang , Sun Chun-Yi , Yousaf Afifa , Wang Xin-Long , Su Zhong-Min
Published: September 2020

The mercury ions in waste water have threatened public health and environmental protection. In this sense, novel materials with outstanding performances for removal of Hg2+ are imperative. Herein, we demonstrate a thiol-functionalized zirconium metal–organic cage (MOC-(SH)2) with excellent dispersion displays ideal properties for Hg2+ capture. MOC-(SH)2 exhibits the ability of removing Hg2+ in aqueous solutions with a capacity of 335.9 mgHg2+/gMOC-(SH)2, which surpasses that of classical Zr-based metal–organic framework Uio-66-(SH)2 by 1.89 folds. The higher loading capacity of MOC-(SH)2 is probably owing to the excellent dispersion of the discrete cage, which makes the accessibility of binding sites (thiol) easier. Additionally, 99.6% of Hg2+ can be effectively captured by MOC-(SH)2 with the concentration decreased from 5 to 0.02 ppm reaching the permissible limit for Hg2+, outperforming the performance of Uio-66-(SH)2. The excellent absorption property of MOC-(SH)2 is also achieved in terms of superior selectivity under the presence of competitive metal ions. Meanwhile, the regenerated MOC-(SH)2 can be reused without apparent loss of Hg2+ loading capacity. UV–vis absorption spectra, IR spectra and emission spectra further verified the strong chemical affinity between Hg2+ and the thiol of MOC-(SH)2. The study lays the groundwork for using Zr-MOCs in the removal of toxic metal ions and environmental sustainability.
Charge transfer in SnS2/Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 heterojunction in photocatalytic process
Authors: Wang Jing-Zhou , Zhou Zhong-Shu , Dai Yong-Jie , Zhou Jian-Ping , Lv Xiao-Gong
Published: September 2020

SnS2/Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (SNMTO) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The chemical combination in lattice scale between SnS2 and Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (NMTO) was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, indicating that heterojunctions were obtained between SnS2 and NMTO. The photocatalytic activity of SNMTO heterojunctions was improved in comparison with that of pure NMTO and SnS2 for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Rhodamine B. Electrons were excited in n-type semiconductors NMTO and SnS2 under light illumination, and a part of them moved to the interface, determined with the surface potential reduction observed directly by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The charge redistribution in the composite illustrates a high density of interface states between SnS2 and NMTO, which attract lots of photoelectrons, as a result enhancing the photocatalytic performance. This finding is very different from the speculation that the photogenerated electrons and holes migrate from one part to another because it is difficult for charge carriers to travel through the interface with high energy.
Engineering of physical properties of spray-deposited nanocrystalline Sb2O3 thin films by phase transformation
Authors: Shinde Y P , Sonone P N , Kendale R K , Koinkar P M , Ubale A U
Published: September 2020

Nanostructured Sb2O3 thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by using the chemical spray pyrolysis technique, and the effect of precursor solution volume on the physical properties was investigated for the first time. The prepared films were characterized in detail by using x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (FESEM-EDAX), UV-vis absorption and transmission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy analysis and electrical resistivity measurement. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the senarmontite cubic phase is completely transferred to the valentinite orthorhombic phase as the precursor solution volume is increased. This phase transformation as a function of precursor volume is discussed in detail. The FESEM-EDAX analysis reconfirms the phase change showing well-defined nano-dimensional cubic hexagonal and orthorhombic octahedral morphologies with excellent stoichiometry. The optical property studies show that the bandgap energy of Sb2O3 varies from 3.43–3.98 eV as a function of precursor quantity. The as-grown Sb2O3 thin films are semiconducting in nature. The measured values of electrical resistivity and activation energy are found to be dependent on the spray solution volume. The electrical resistivity of deposited Sb2O3 thin films shows variation from 26.15 × 102–34.27 × 102 Ω cm and the activation energy of the films is in the order of 0.763–0.773 eV.