bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing the Maqasid al-Syariah for the waqf property development
Authors: Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Shazrin , Hanif Noor Rosly , Mahamood Siti Mashitoh , Mohd Ali Siti Nadiah
Published: November 2019

The development of Islamic religious related property under the waqf (religious endowment) has shown some progress in many countries. Waqf has propagated its significant towards enhancing the public interest through the supply of many beneficial developments regardless the religious or non-religious purposes. The practice of waqf is maintained under the Shariah rulings and fiqh principles that form the overall Islamic Laws. In relation to Maqasid al-shariah, it has become a fundamental element in seeking for the higher objectives and intents of Islamic Law. It is also known as the wisdom behind the Shariah rulings that the Almighty has imposed on the Muslims. Maqasid al-shariah has three hierarchy of purposes and five essentials to preserve under the Shariah rulings. Examined under the lens of Maqasid al-shariah, waqf is indeed matched with the purpose of Maqasid itself. Moving forward, this study is intended to propose maqasid for waqf property development, which is the extension from the existing studies of maqasid for waqf. This study was using content analysis to search for suitable essentials/components to add into the proposed maqasid of waqf property development. The proposed maqasid of waqf development still maintain the preservations of religion, property and life from the original Maqasid essentials as the primary objectives. But being reinforced with six additional essentials/components to be regarded as the secondary objectives. Through the lens of maqasid, it provides an extension and insight to acknowledge the objective of developing the waqf properties.
Exploratory Research as the way forward towards a green procurement practices for the construction industry; Research Methodology
Authors: Bohari A A M , Bidin Z A , Rais S L A , Saferi M M
Published: November 2019

Green construction is a way forward for the construction industry in Malaysia, towards an environmentally responsible industry. One of the important tools to accelerate green construction is the construction procurement. Thus, the concept of a green-oriented procurement has been introduced to integrate green practices into project procurement delivery. However, green procurement is the least discussed and the concept is still very new in the Malaysian construction industry. Thus, this paper describes a proposed strategy of exploring the potential of green procurement for the construction industry. This is based on an on-going research project whose primary objective is to pave a way forward for the key stakeholders who are involved in green building projects.
Barriers of Life Cycle Costing on Construction Consultant Practice in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Zaki Zulkhairy Affandy , Mohamad Kamil Abdul ‘Izz , Saidin Mohamad Tajudin , Adillah Ismail Noor Akmal , Isnaini Janipha Nurul Afida
Published: November 2019

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is deliberately known as a vital tool of construction process to optimise the whole life cost from the cradle to grave. LCC also considered as an important factor for a project to meet the equilibrium point of its strategic objectives. In order to implement the LCC, the procedures must undergo certain framework that enables comparative cost assessments to be calculated over specific duration and take account to relevant economic factors of initial, maintenance, operational, salvage value, discount factors, refurbishment and disposal costs. The aim of this paper is to appraise the benefits and barriers of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) practised in the construction industry of Malaysia among the consultant team. The objectives of this paper to explore the benefits and barriers of LCC faced by consultant team in construction projects. To comply with research objectives, a questionnaire survey and interview conducted among the consultant team in Malaysia. 57 participants responded for the survey conducted in this research. From the results, it appears that the implementation of LCC among the professional design team is still limited. Most of the consultant teams had a good knowledge on the processes of analysing LCC, the parameters to be included but still at minimal phases of implementing overall LCC procedures. The lack of reliable data of LCC founded as the main barriers in the Malaysian construction industry. Most of the respondents agreed that the benefit of LCC is the best way to consider the impact of all costs rather than only initial capital costs.
Consensus Views on the Success Elements for Extension of Time Claim (EoT) in the Malaysian Construction Industry: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Yusuwan Norazian Mohamad , Adnan Hamimah , Ahmad Rashid Zul Zakiyuddin , Wan Ismail Wan Norizan , Asyikin Mahat Noor Aisyah
Published: November 2019

Producing a good contractual claim is never an easy task. A good claim not only requires fact and evidences but also demands other important elements that complement each other. This paper reports on a Delphi study focusing on identifying the success elements for Extension of Time (EoT) claim specifically in the Malaysian construction industry. Two rounds of a modified Delphi surveys were conducted and consensus was obtained from twelve experts. The Delphi study has successfully elicit experts’ consensus on the elements that perceived to be the most important element in producing a quality EoT claim that may lead to a speedy, successful and amicable settlement of such claim.
Developing a Research Methodology for Life Cycle Costing Framework for Application in Green Projects
Authors: Maisham Mysarah , Adnan Hamimah , Adillah Ismail Noor Akmal , Asyikin Mahat Noor Aisyah
Published: November 2019

Life cycle costing (LCC) is a method of accessing the total cost of ownership and has been used around the world for the last few decades. Even though many benefits have been associated with LCC, one of them being an effective tool for decision making, its implementation in construction industry is still limited, particularly in green projects. Among the main factors suggested to have hindered application of LCC are lack of knowledge and understanding on LCC, as well as absence of a standard guideline. This paper presents a research methodology adopted for a research aimed to develop a life cycle costing framework for its’ application in green projects. The objectives are to investigate the current practice for LCC application in Green projects, and to determine the relationship between LCC principles with factors influencing effective decision making for LCC best practice in Green project. The methodology of the research involves qualitative and quantitative method, and will be validated by an expert panel interview. The paper provides an overview on the research area, particularly to highlight the issue on the application of LCC and its importance to assist decision makers.
Ceramic Dust Based Binder for Sustainable Stabilisation of Low Flood-Plain Soil
Authors: Rahmat Mohamad Nidzam , Ibrahim Sharina , Ismail Norsalisma
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use of ceramic dust, by-products from manufacturing industry as a binder in the stabilisation of Laterite Soil. Laboratory investigation involving fabrication of soil cylinders of laterite soil stabilised with 100% CD and combination of CD with traditional binder Lime and PC at 50:50 ratio at 10%, 20% and 30% stabiliser dosage. The compacted cylinders were cured for 7, 28, 60 and 180 days prior for testing. The results from this study illustrated that all key parameters of compressive strength, durability and linear expansion were within the acceptable engineering standard of soil stabilisation. When using blended binders, it further enhances the engineering properties of stabilised material. From the environmental and sustainability, this cementitious technology anticipated that this new innovative stabiliser can be used in low flood-plain soil to mitigate the effect of flooding.
Modern Manuscripts
Authors: Van Hulle Dirk
Published: November 2019

The study of modern manuscripts to examine writing processes is termed “genetic criticism.” A current trend that is sometimes overdramatized as “the archival turn” is a result of renewed interest in this discipline, which has a long tradition situated at the intersection between modern book history, bibliography, textual criticism, and scholarly editing. Handwritten documents are called “modern” manuscripts to distinguish them from medieval or even older manuscripts. Whereas most extant medieval manuscripts are scribal copies and fit into a context of textual circulation and dissemination, modern manuscripts are usually autographs for private use. Traditionally, the watershed between older and “modern” manuscripts is situated around the middle of the 18th century, coinciding with the rise of the so-called Geniezeit, the Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) period in which the notion of “genius” became fashionable. Authors such as Goethe carefully preserved their manuscripts. This new interest in authors’ manuscripts can be part of the “genius” ideology: since a draft was regarded as the trace of a thought process, a manuscript was the tangible evidence of capital-G “Genius” at work. But this division between modern and older manuscripts needs to be nuanced, for there are of course autograph manuscripts with cancellations and revisions from earlier periods, which are equally interesting for manuscript research. Genetic criticism studies the dynamics of creative processes, discerning a difference between the part of the genesis that takes place in the author’s private environment and the continuation of that genesis after the work has become public. But the genesis is often not a linear development “before” and “after” publication; rather, it can be conceptualized by means of a triangular model. The three corners of that model are endogenesis (the “inside” of a writing process, the writing of drafts), exogenesis (the relation to external sources of inspiration), and epigenesis (the continuation of the genesis and revision after publication). At any point in the genesis there is the possibility that exogenetic material may color the endo- or the epigenesis. In the digital age, archival literary documents are no longer coterminous with a material object. But that does not mean the end of genetic criticism. On the contrary, an exciting future lies ahead. Born-digital works require new methods of analysis, including digital forensics, computer-assisted collation, and new forms of distant reading. The challenge is to connect to methods of digital text analysis by finding ways to enable macroanalysis across versions.
Queer Intercultural Communication
Authors: Yep Gust A. , Lescure Ryan M. , Russo Sage E.
Published: November 2019

Queer intercultural communication is an emerging and vibrant area of the communication discipline. The examination of this developing area of inquiry, the preliminary mapping of the field of queer intercultural communication, and its potential guidelines for future research deserve our attention. To do so, there are three sections for examination. First is an integrative view of queer intercultural communication by identifying fundamental components of its major contexts—macro, meso, and micro—and a model for understanding this research. Second is the exploration and examination of these major contexts in terms of theoretical, methodological, and political issues and concerns. Last are potential guidelines for research in queer intercultural communication.
News Editing and the Editorial Process
Authors: Klein Tim , Fondren Elisabeth , Apcar Leonard M.
Published: November 2019

Throughout the ages, the editor’s primary role has been to connect writers with readers by deciding what to publish. In modern scholarship, this is known as gatekeeping. The stories an editor allows through the metaphorical “gate” can influence what readers find important—what scholars call agenda setting. But editors not only influence which stories are told; they also shape how stories are told, through word choice, story arrangement, selection of examples, photos, and the all-important headline; this is known as framing. Historians and biographers have written a good deal about individual editors—their publications, their editorial instincts, their altercations with powerful politicians, and their pursuit of truth, entertainment, profit, and influence. But there has been less focus on the broader changes that have impacted the work of editors as the media ecosystem has shifted. Cultural and social changes have created new demands on editors, who have had to adjust to stay in sync with audiences’ tastes and expectations. Technological invention—and the disruption of old economic models—have forced editors to adapt to new mediums of mass communication that serve new audiences and new financial realities. In short, broader economic, political, technological, and social changes have all influenced what type of editing has flourished and what practices drifted into the past. The Internet has posed an existential threat to editors as gatekeepers. Countless new gates that connect readers and writers have been thrown open, some with little to no editorial oversight. This is far from the first time editors have been forced to adapt to change—the history of editing has been a story of innovation in a continuing quest to find new ways to connect readers and writers. Today, despite the decline in gatekeeping power, professional editing still has an essential role—to curate quality out of the multitude of online voices and uphold a rigor for accuracy and truthfulness that can be easily overlooked on social media and non-professional news sites. Whether it is approving (or rejecting) a topic of investigation, copy-editing prose, fact-checking a story, arranging the home page of a website, managing a newsroom, or deciding which journalist to hire, editors play an integral role in shaping the information that is shared with audiences.
Ideology and Values in Political Decision Making
Authors: Weber Christopher
Published: November 2019

The study of ideology hinges upon several important characteristics. First, the term “ideology” may connote different things to voters. To some, it indicates a preference for “conservatism” over “liberalism”; others adopt a more nuanced perspective, identifying ideology as “libertarianism,” “environmentalism,” and “populism” (among others). Some view it is an identity. Ideological labels are entrenched in political and non-political identities. The term “conservative” may signal a social orientation only loosely related to conservatism’s philosophical tenets (e.g., limiting the size and scope of the federal government). “Liberalism” or “progressivism,” signal a different worldview that also perhaps loosely related to the philosophical characteristics of modern (American) liberalism (e.g., “expanding the social safety net”). Ideology is also a means of cognitive organization; it is used to make sense of oftentimes complex public policy. Individuals organize policy beliefs around organizing principles, such as a preference for reducing the size of the federal government. Considering this heterogeneity, it is important to use the term with precision, in order to better understand how voters rely upon ideology in their decision calculus. Second, ideology is a central characteristic in the general structure of political beliefs. It acts as a lens through which the political and social world is interpreted. Third, ideology is functional in nature. Ideological preferences often fulfill a voter’s unique psychological, motivational, and personality-oriented characteristics. Finally, ideology has unique consequences in contemporary politics, as evidenced by increased political polarization, partisan-ideological sorting, and ideologically divisive rhetoric.
Neurobiology of Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Ford Judith M. , Hamilton Holly K. , Boos Alison
Published: November 2019

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), also referred to as “hearing voices,” are vivid perceptions of speech that occur in the absence of any corresponding external stimulus but seem very real to the voice hearer. They are experienced by the majority of people with schizophrenia, less frequently in other psychiatric and neurological conditions, and are relatively rare in the general population. Because antipsychotic medications are not always successful in reducing the severity or frequency of AVH, a better understanding is needed of their neurobiological basis, which may ultimately lead to more precise treatment targets.

What voices say and how the voices sound, or their phenomenology, varies widely within and across groups of people who hear them. In help-seeking populations, such as people with schizophrenia, the voices tend to be threatening and menacing, typically spoken in a non-self-voice, often commenting and sometimes commanding the voice hearers to do things they would not otherwise do. In psychotic populations, voices differ from normal inner speech by being unbidden and unintended, co-opting the voice hearer’s attention. In healthy voice-hearing populations, voices are not typically distressing nor disabling, and are sometimes comforting and reassuring. Regardless of content and valence, voices tend to activate some speech and language areas of the brain. Efforts to silence these brain areas with neurostimulation have had mixed success in reducing the frequency and salience of voices. Progress with this treatment approach would likely benefit from more precise anatomical targets and more precisely dosed neurostimulation.

Neural mechanisms that may underpin the experience of voices are being actively investigated and include mechanisms enabling context-based predictions and distinctions between experiences coming from self and other. Both these mechanisms can be studied in non-human animal “models” and both can provide new anatomical targets for neurostimulation.
Native American Women in the Modern United States
Authors: Theobald Brianna
Published: November 2019

In the years following the US Civil War, the federal government implemented a campaign to assimilate Native peoples into an expanding American nation and a modernizing American society. As policymakers and social reformers understood it, assimilation required a transformation in Native gender roles, and as a result, Native American women were the targets of several assimilationist initiatives. Native women navigated federal interventions strategically, embracing what was useful, accommodating what was necessary, and discarding what was not. As mothers, grandmothers, and healers, women provided stability for families and communities enduring disruption and coerced change. In the 20th century, Native women embraced new economic and political roles even as they adapted long-standing customs. Many began working for wages; although often confined to menial labor such as domestic service in other women’s homes, growing numbers of Native women also pursued white-collar occupations in the Bureau of Indian Affairs and later in tribal governments. As tribal governance evolved over the course of the century, some women obtained positions on tribal councils and tribal courts. Native women have also made intellectual contributions—as tribal members and ultimately as American citizens—to modern understandings of democracy, citizenship, sovereignty, and feminism. Since the late 20th century, Native women have been at the forefront of movements to revitalize Indigenous languages and cultures.
The Failure of Labor Unionism in the US South
Authors: Melcher Cody R. , Goldfield Michael
Published: November 2019

The failure of labor unions to succeed in the American South, largely because national unions proved unable or unwilling to confront white supremacy head on, offers an important key to understanding post–World War II American politics, especially the rise of the civil rights movement. Looking at the 1930s and 1940s, it is clear that the failure was not the result of a cultural aversion to collective action on the part of white workers in the South, as several histories have suggested, but rather stemmed from the refusal of the conservative leadership in the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) to organize an otherwise militant southern workforce composed of both whites and Blacks. These lost opportunities, especially among southern woodworkers and textile workers, contrasts sharply with successful interracial union drives among southern coal miners and steelworkers, especially in Alabama. Counterfactual examples of potentially durable civil rights unionism illustrate how the labor movement could have affected the civil rights movement and transformed politics had the South been unionized.
Urban Planning and Natural Hazard Governance
Authors: Marten Ricardo , Abrassart Theresa , Boano Camillo
Published: November 2019

The establishment of effective linkages between institutional urban planning and disaster risk strategies remains a challenge for formal governance structures. For governments at all administrative scales, disaster resilience planning has required systemic capacities that rely on structures of governance, humanitarian frameworks, and budgetary capacities. However, with growing urbanization trends, humanitarian responses and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) frameworks have had to adapt their operations in contexts with high population density, complex infrastructure systems, informal dynamics, and a broader range of actors. Urban areas concentrate an array of different groups with the capability of contributing to urban responses and strategies to cope with disaster effects, including community groups, government agencies, international organizations and humanitarian practitioners. In addition, cities have running planning structures that support their administration and spatial organization, with instruments that supply constant information about population characteristics, infrastructure capacity and potential weaknesses. Processes and data ascribed to urban planning can provide vital knowledge to natural hazard governance frameworks, from technical resources to conceptual approaches towards spatial analysis. Authorities managing risk could improve their strategic objectives if they could access and integrate urban planning information. Furthermore, a collaborative hazard governance can provide equity to multiple urban actors that are usually left out of institutional DRM, including nongovernmental organizations, academia, and community groups. Traditional top-down models can operate in parallel with horizontal arrangements, giving voice to groups with limited access to political platforms but who are knowledgeable on urban space and social codes. Their still limited recognition is evidence that there is still a disconnect between the intentions of global frameworks for inclusive governance, and the co-production of an urban planning designed for inclusive resilience.
Wave effects on seedling establishment of three pioneer marsh species: survival, morphology and biomechanics
Authors: Cao Haobing , Zhu Zhenchang , James Rebecca , Herman Peter M J , Zhang Liquan , Yuan Lin , Bouma Tjeerd J
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims

It is important to have an in-depth mechanistic understanding of tidal marsh establishment and dynamics to ensure the long-term persistence of these valuable ecosystems. As wave forcing may be expected to impact seedling establishment, we studied the effect of water-imposed drag forces on seedling survival, morphology and biomechanical properties of three marsh pioneer species that are dominant along the salinity gradient in many areas around the world: Spartina anglica (salt to brackish), Scirpus maritimus (brackish) and Phragmites australis (brackish to fresh).

Methods

Using a newly developed plant-shaking mesocosm (PSM) that mimicked water-imposed wave drag forces, the effect of wave stress on seedling survival was examined, together with impacts on morphology and biomechanical properties.

Key Results

After 7 weeks of exposure to wave stress, lowered seedling survival and growth for all species was revealed. Wave treatments increased the root/shoot biomass ratio to enhance anchorage and made seedlings more flexible (i.e. reduced flexural rigidity), which might be regarded as a mixed outcome between a stress avoidance and stress tolerance strategy.

Conclusions

The different biomechanical responses between the three dominant marsh pioneer species, overall, make them less resistant to external stress. Therefore, our results indicate that the likelihood of marshes becoming established is reduced if wave energy increases. Despite the different biomechanical response of these three pioneer species to waves, the seedlings of all species were found to have low resistance to external stresses.
O168 VERY LONG-TERM (5-19 YEARS) FOLLOW-UP OF PARAESOPHAGEAL HERNIA REPAIR: PERMANENT MESH vs STANDARD CRUROPLASTY
Authors: Milito Pamela , Zanghì Simone , Sironi Andrea , Asti Emanuele , Bonavina Luigi
Published: November 2019

Aim

Aim of this comparative study was to analyze very long-term safety, symptomatic outcomes and rate of recurrence in a cohort of patients who underwent large hiatus hernia repair with or without synthetic mesh.

Background & Methods

The use of a permanent mesh to reinforce the hiatus could reduce the rate of radiological and symptomatic recurrences after laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair. However, strictures and even erosions into the esophageal lumen have been reported. Aim of this comparative study was to analyze very long-term safety, symptomatic outcomes and rate of recurrence in a cohort of patients who underwent large hiatus hernia repair with or without synthetic mesh. Observational cohort study using a prospectively maintained database. From November 2001 to September 2005, 39 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic repair and fundoplication for large hiatus hernia (> 5 cm). Thirteen patients (Group M) received crural reinforcement with non-absorbable mesh, while 26 patients (Group S) underwent standard cruroplasty. Mesh-related complications, postoperative symptoms and hernia recurrence at very long-term follow-up through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, GERD-HRQL and FOREGUT questionnaires.

Results

There were 23 women and 16 men, with a median age of 60 years (range 28-81). The hernia size was similar in both groups. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (5.1%) and there was no mortality. The median long-term follow-up was 168 months (range 139-197 months, IQR: 23.5). At last follow-up visit, occasional (once a month) dysphagia occurred in 23% of Group M patients, but none required endoscopic dilatation. The hernia recurrence rate was 0. No short or long-term complications related to the use of the mesh were recorded. In group S, non of patients, complained of dysphagia, whereas 2 (7.7%) patients complained of occasional reflux symptoms and other 2 (7.7%) of dyspepsia. In 4 patients (15.4%), a small hiatus hernia recurrence or a partially slipped fundoplication was noted, but all patients were asymptomatic. GERD-HRQL scores significantly decrease in both groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic antireflux surgery with permanent prosthetic mesh is an effective and safe procedure in carefully selected patients with large hiatal hernia.
The histone methyltransferase KMT2D, mutated in Kabuki syndrome patients, is required for neural crest cell formation and migration
Authors: Schwenty-Lara Janina , Nehl Denise , Borchers Annette
Published: November 2019

Kabuki syndrome is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder with high similarities to CHARGE syndrome. It is characterized by a typical facial gestalt in combination with short stature, intellectual disability, skeletal findings and additional features like cardiac and urogenital malformations, cleft palate, hearing loss and ophthalmological anomalies. The major cause of Kabuki syndrome are mutations in KMT2D, a gene encoding a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase belonging to the group of chromatin modifiers. Here we provide evidence that Kabuki syndrome is a neurocrestopathy, by showing that Kmt2d loss-of-function inhibits specific steps of neural crest (NC) development. Using the Xenopus model system, we find that Kmt2d loss-of-function recapitulates major features of Kabuki syndrome including severe craniofacial malformations. A detailed marker analysis revealed defects in NC formation as well as migration. Transplantation experiments confirm that Kmt2d function is required in NC cells. Furthermore, analyzing in vivo and in vitro NC migration behavior demonstrates that Kmt2d is necessary for cell dispersion but not protrusion formation of migrating NC cells. Importantly, Kmt2d knockdown correlates with a decrease in H3K4 monomethylation and H3K27 acetylation supporting a role of Kmt2d in the transcriptional activation of target genes. Consistently, using a candidate approach, we find that Kmt2d loss-of-function inhibits Xenopus Sema3F expression, and overexpression of Sema3F can partially rescue Kmt2d loss-of-function defects. Taken together, our data reveal novel functions of Kmt2d in multiple steps of NC development and support the hypothesis that major features of Kabuki syndrome are caused by defects in NC development.
Increased risk of acquisition and transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in malnourished children exposed to amoxicillin
Authors: Maataoui Naouale , Langendorf Céline , Berthe Fatou , Bayjanov Jumamurat R , van Schaik Willem , Isanaka Sheila , Grais Rebecca F , Clermont Olivier , Andremont Antoine , Armand-Lefèvre Laurence , Woerther Paul-Louis
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Routine amoxicillin for children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition raises concerns of increasing antibiotic resistance. We performed an ancillary study nested within a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Niger testing the role of routine 7 day amoxicillin therapy in nutritional recovery of children 6 to 59 months of age with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition.

Methods

We screened 472 children for rectal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) as well as their household siblings under 5 years old, at baseline and Week 1 (W1) and Week 4 (W4) after start of therapy, and characterized strains by WGS. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01613547.

Results

Carriage in index children at baseline was similar in the amoxicillin and the placebo groups (33.8% versus 27.9%, P = 0.17). However, acquisition of ESBL-E in index children at W1 was higher in the amoxicillin group than in the placebo group (53.7% versus 32.2%, adjusted risk ratio = 2.29, P = 0.001). Among 209 index and sibling households possibly exposed to ESBL-E transmission, 16 (7.7%) had paired strains differing by ≤10 SNPs, suggesting a high probability of transmission. This was more frequent in households from the amoxicillin group than from the placebo group [11.5% (12/104) versus 3.8% (4/105), P = 0.04].

Conclusions

Among children exposed to amoxicillin, ESBL-E colonization was more frequent and the risk of transmission to siblings higher. Routine amoxicillin should be carefully balanced with the risks associated with ESBL-E colonization.
Temporal Dynamics of the Blueberry Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its Primary Parasitoid, Biosteres melleus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in the Maine Wild Blueberry System
Authors: Drummond Francis A , Collins Judith A
Published: November 2019

Between 1998 and 2017, we conducted studies in wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton (Ericales: Ericaceae), to elucidate the temporal dynamics of the blueberry maggot fly, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, and its parasitoid, Biosteres melleus (Gahan). A predictive model for the emergence of R. mendax was validated at two sites over 3 yr. A second predictive model for the major parasitoid, B. melleus, of R. mendax was constructed and suggests that the delay in emergence of the parasitoid relative to its host provides a period or ‘biological window’ of 9 d where insecticide sprays can be applied to manage R. mendax with a limited impact on the parasitoid. A 20-yr study on the parasitoid/host dynamics showed parasitism rates ranging from 0.5 to 28.2%. It appears that R. mendax populations in Maine wild blueberry are characterized by stable equilibrium dynamics, significantly affected by stochastic processes. There was a weak, but significant relationship between B. melleus density and R. mendax intrinsic rates of growth. Our data suggest that R. mendax population dynamics in wild blueberry is characterized by an unstable equilibrium tipping point of 7.9 maggots per liter of blueberries or an average of 10 flies per trap.
Collective intelligence approaches in interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization
Authors: Cinalli Daniel , Martí Luis , Sanchez-Pi Nayat , Cristina Bicharra Garcia Ana
Published: November 2019

Evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms (EMOAs) have been successfully applied in many real-life problems. EMOAs approximate the set of trade-offs between multiple conflicting objectives, known as the Pareto optimal set. Reference point approaches can alleviate the optimization process by highlighting relevant areas of the Pareto set and support the decision makers to take the more confident evaluation. One important drawback of this approaches is that they require an in-depth knowledge of the problem being solved in order to function correctly. Collective intelligence has been put forward as an alternative to deal with situations like these. This paper extends some well-known EMOAs to incorporate collective preferences and interactive techniques. Similarly, two new preference-based multi-objective optimization performance indicators are introduced in order to analyze the results produced by the proposed algorithms in the comparative experiments carried out.
Use it or lose it? Ukraine amends its law on GIs*
Authors: Kyrylenko Anastasiia
Published: November 2019

Law of Ukraine ‘On the amendments to certain legal acts of Ukraine concerning the legal protection of geographical indications’, No 123-IX, 20 September 2019

Ukraine has recently amended its basic legislation on geographical indications (GIs) (Law of Ukraine ‘On protection of geographical indications’, No 752-XIV, 16 June 1999). The amendments, modelled upon EU Regulation No 1151/2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs, entered into force on 1 January 2020 and are aimed at bringing Ukrainian legislation in compliance with the EU/Ukraine free trade agreement.
The radial distribution of supernovae compared to star formation tracers
Authors: Audcent-Ross Fiona M , Meurer Gerhardt R , Audcent James R , Ryder Stuart D , Wong O I , Phan J , Williamson A , Kim J H
Published: November 2019

Given the limited availability of direct evidence (pre-explosion observations) for supernova (SN) progenitors, the location of supernovae (SNe) within their host galaxies can be used to set limits on one of their most fundamental characteristics, their initial progenitor mass. We present our constraints on SN progenitors derived by comparing the radial distributions of 80 SNe in the Survey for Ionised Neutral Gas Galaxies (SINGG) and Survey of Ultraviolet emission in Neutral Gas Galaxies (SUNGG) to the R-band, H α, and UV light distributions of the 55 host galaxies. The strong correlation of Type Ia SNe with R-band light is consistent with models containing only low-mass progenitors, reflecting earlier findings. When we limit the analysis of Type II SNe to apertures containing 90 per cent of the total flux, the radial distribution of these SNe best traces far-ultraviolet emission, consistent with recent direct detections indicating Type II SNe have moderately massive red supergiant progenitors. Stripped-envelope (SE) SNe have the strongest correlation with H α fluxes, indicative of very massive progenitors (M* ≳ 20 M⊙). This result contradicts a small, but growing, number of direct detections of SE SN progenitors, indicating they are moderately massive binary systems. Our result is consistent, however, with a recent population analysis, suggesting binary SE SN progenitor masses are regularly underestimated. SE SNe are centralized with respect to Type II SNe and there are no SE SNe recorded beyond half the maximum disc radius in the optical and one third the disc radius in the ultraviolet. The absence of SE SNe beyond these distances is consistent with reduced massive star formation efficiencies in the outskirts of the host galaxies.
The Loci of Behavioral Evolution: Evidence That Fas2 and tilB Underlie Differences in Pupation Site Choice Behavior between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans
Authors: Pischedda Alison , Shahandeh Michael P , Turner Thomas L
Published: November 2019

The behaviors of closely related species can be remarkably different, and these differences have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Although the recent boom in genotype–phenotype studies has led to a greater understanding of the genetic architecture and evolution of a variety of traits, studies identifying the genetic basis of behaviors are, comparatively, still lacking. This is likely because they are complex and environmentally sensitive phenotypes, making them difficult to measure reliably for association studies. The Drosophila species complex holds promise for addressing these challenges, as the behaviors of closely related species can be readily assayed in a common environment. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of an evolved behavioral difference, pupation site choice, between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. In this study, we demonstrate a significant contribution of the X chromosome to the difference in pupation site choice behavior between these species. Using a panel of X-chromosome deficiencies, we screened the majority of the X chromosome for causal loci and identified two regions associated with this X-effect. We then collect gene disruption and RNAi data supporting a single gene that affects pupation behavior within each region: Fas2 and tilB. Finally, we show that differences in tilB expression correlate with the differences in pupation site choice behavior between species. This evidence associating two genes with differences in a complex, environmentally sensitive behavior represents the first step toward a functional and evolutionary understanding of this behavioral divergence.
PDCT-17 (LTBK-11). PNOC007: H3.3K27M SPECIFIC PEPTIDE VACCINE COMBINED WITH POLY-ICLC FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED HLA-A2+ H3.3K27M MIDLINE GLIOMAS
Authors: Mueller Sabine , Lulla Rishi , Goldman Stewart , Banerjee Anu , Chi Susan , Whipple Nicholas , Crawford John , Gauvain Karen , Nazemi Kellie , Nazarian Javad , Taitt Jared , Watchmaker Payal , Nejo Takahide , Okada Kaori , Butterfield Lisa , Molinaro Annette , Prados Michael , Okada Hideho
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

To assess within a multi-center trial the safety of H3.3K27M specific peptide vaccine in combination with poly-ICLC in HLA-A02.01+ patients diagnosed with H3.3K27M+ diffuse midline gliomas.

METHODS

Subjects 3–21 years of age with CLIA confirmed H3.3K27 mutation status were eligible. Patients were enrolled after completion of focal radiation therapy. The trial enrolled two strata: Stratum A included newly diagnosed patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) (n=19); Stratum B included non-DIPG midline glioma patients including spinal cord tumors as an exploratory strata (n=10). The H3.3K27M vaccine was administered in combination with poly-ICLC every 3 weeks for a total of 8 doses followed by every 6 weeks for a maximum of 96 weeks of therapy. Immuno-monitoring and imaging occurred every 3 months. Modified iRANO criteria are used for ongoing assessment of disease status. Patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were evaluated by mass cytometry.

RESULTS

From November 2016 until March 2019, 19 eligible patients (median age 11, range 5–17 yrs; 53 % female) were enrolled in Stratum A and 10 eligible patients (median age 13, range 7–18 yrs; 60 % female) in Stratum B. Treatment was well tolerated with 7 grade 3 and 0 grade 4 treatment related toxicities. The most common related side effect included injection site reaction. Median number of vaccine administrations per patient was 6 (range 1–11). Overall survival at 12 months was 40% (95% CI 22–73%) for Stratum A and 39% (95% CI 16–93%) for Stratum B. A mass cytometry-based analysis of patient PBMCs (n = 16) revealed a trend towards an inverse correlation between polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the expansion of H3.3K27M-specific CD8+ T-cells (p-value = 0.154).

CONCLUSION

H3.3K27M specific vaccine in combination with poly-ICLC is well tolerated. Further evaluation will include a combination with checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab.
Methods for mapping the impact of social sciences and humanities—A literature review
Authors: Pedersen David Budtz , Grønvad Jonas Følsgaard , Hvidtfeldt Rolf
Published: November 2019

This article explores the current literature on ‘research impact’ in the social sciences and humanities (SSH). By providing a comprehensive review of available literature, drawing on national and international experiences, we take a systematic look at the impact agenda within SSH. The primary objective of this article is to examine key methodological components used to assess research impact comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The study finds that research impact is a highly complex and contested concept in the SSH literature. Drawing on the strong methodological pluralism emerging in the literature, we conclude that there is considerable room for researchers, universities, and funding agencies to establish impact assessment tools directed towards specific missions while avoiding catch-all indicators and universal metrics.
Assessing the Curative and Protective Impacts of Select Fungicides for Control of Powdery Mildew of Wheat
Authors: Kleczewski Nathan M. , Butts-Willmsmeyer Carrie , Scanlan Colin
Published: November 2019

Powdery mildew, caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis, has been increasing in incidence and severity on wheat in the Chesapeake Bay region of the mid-Atlantic United States. Although fungicides are used for in-season management of powdery mildew, no studies to date have assessed the ability of these products to control disease after pathogen arrival/infection (curative activity) and the duration of disease control provided after fungicide application (protective activity) under controlled conditions. Five commercially available fungicide products, including Caramba, Stratego YLD, Priaxor, Prosaro, and Trivapro, were applied at either 3 or 5 days after inoculation with B. graminis spores to assess curative activity. In a separate study, protective activity for these fungicides was assessed by applying fungicides and inoculating with B. graminis spores the same day and 21 and 42 days after fungicide application. All fungicides reduced powdery mildew severity on foliage compared with nontreated controls. Priaxor provided 11 to 18% less activity than other fungicides when applied curatively. All products provided protective control up to 42 days after inoculation, with Stratego YLD and Priaxor providing the greatest level of control at 68 and 56%, respectively. Our data indicate that different fungicides can have subtle differences in overall efficacy profiles that may translate to improved control or an extended control window in some situations, but all tested products provide very good to excellent control of powdery mildew on wheat.
IQGAP1 restrains T‐cell cosignaling mediated by OX40
Authors: Okuyama Yuko , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Ushio‐Fukai Masuko , Croft Michael , Ishii Naoto , So Takanori
Published: November 2019

A costimulatory signal from the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family molecule OX40 (CD134), which is induced on activated T cells, is important for T‐cell immunity. Aberrant OX40 cosignaling has been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, the molecular mechanism by which the OX40 cosignaling regulates the T‐cell response remains obscure. We found that OX40 associated with a scaffold protein, IQ motif‐containing GTPase‐activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) after ligation by its ligand OX40L. Naïve CD4+ T cells from Iqgap1−/− mice displayed enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion upon receiving OX40 cosignaling. A C‐terminal IQGAP1 region was responsible for its association with OX40, and TNFR‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2) bridged these two proteins. The enhanced cytokine response in Iqgap1−/− T cells was restored by the expression of the C‐terminal IQGAP1. Thus, the IQGAP1 binding limits the OX40 cosignaling. Disease severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was significantly exacerbated in Iqgap1−/− mice as compared to wild‐type mice. Additionally, recipient mice with Iqgap1−/− donor CD4+ T cells exhibited significantly higher EAE scores than those with their wild‐type counterparts, and OX40 blockade led to a significant reduction in the EAE severity. Thus, our study defines an important component of the OX40 cosignaling that restricts inflammation driven by antigen‐activated T cells.
Great Occipital Nerve as Donor Nerve for Neurotization With Suprascapular Nerve in Total Braqchial Plexus Injuries: Nerve Transfer Technique
Authors: Zabaljauregui Facundo , Cosentino Rodolfo , Daroda Sergio , Menvielle Fernando , Pereira Paul Angel
Published: November 2019

Complete brachial plexus injuries continue to be a technical and strategic challenge in surgical reconstruction to restore function and sensitivity in a paralyzed and insensitive limb. The use of donor’s nerves to perform neurotizations is limited, and, in reconstructions for preganglionic lesions, these techniques have gained prominence, even leaving comorbidities in the donor sites. The purpose of this paper is to present the great suboccipital nerve as a new donor nerve bases on our anatomic research with the transfer technique from the great occipital nerve to the suprascapular nerve.
Compression Bone Grafting in Clavicle Nonunion Surgery
Authors: Hurley Robert , Moloney Darren , Morrissey David
Published: November 2019

Decision making in mid-shaft displaced clavicle fractures remains controversial. In patients who develop a symptomatic non-union a successful treatment is open reduction internal fixation with or without bone grafting. Bone grafting of the clavicle can be a somewhat difficult. We present a simple technique of applying the graft to the plate on the back table, and then applying the plate to the clavicle, using compression through the plate to compress the graft, increasing the change of healing by utilising first principles of fracture fixation.
Preoperative Risk Management in Perioperative Medicine and Value-based Care: What the United States Needs to Understand, What the United Kingdom Knows
Authors: Aronson Solomon , Grocott Michael P.W. , Mythen Michael G.
Published: November 2019

In the United States, the economics of health has caused us to recognize that a national strategy is needed to quickly and effectively bend the cost curve of a system that is globally noncompetitive with respect to value and is unsustainable in its current form as a health care delivery model. Heretofore, US national policy and health care reform efforts have principally focused on addressing gaps in coverage. Going forward in the United States the drivers of value for health care will most likely come from re-engineering the delivery system itself. In the setting of perioperative medicine, these value gaps maybe unrecognized and underappreciated.