bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxation of Islamic banking transactions
Authors: Geronimo Rusell
Published: May 2020

The paper examines the juridical character of eight common Islamic banking transactions: murabahah, tawarruq, ijarah, istisna, salam, musharakah or mudaraba, sukuk, and takaful. It then compares each Islamic banking product with an equivalent conventional banking product, examines their differences in terms of transaction design, and shows whether these contractual differences result in differential tax treatment.
Forced sterilization and abortion in Japan: Family and constitution
Authors: Tsuji Yuichiro
Published: May 2020

This study analyzes the ght between the Japanese judiciary and legislature. In Japan, under the ex-Eugenic Protection Act, disabled people were obligated to undergo sterilization procedures for about 20 years. This surprising Act was established in 1948 and enabled doctors to sterilize people in order to eliminate hereditary diseases; they could also perform this procedure on physically or developmentally disabled people without their consent. The 2016 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women advised that research and compensation is urgent and necessary, but the government stated that it was a legal medical operation, and no compensation was necessary. Even under concrete judicial review, the judiciary in Japan may exercise its power to provide remedies for minorities who cannot amend statutes in the political process, or their constitutional rights will be infringed upon. is study argues that even concrete judicial reviews work to prevent serious damage before it occurs. This study will use a legal approach to review the first voting rights decision, as well as several decisions that are relevant to families in Japan. Under a concrete judicial review of the Japanese constitution, a plaintiff needs to bring a dispute in law to the court and allege that the statute or administrative disposition infringes on their human rights as provided for in the constitution. If there is no statute in the case, it is very difficult for a plaintiff to compel the legislature to pass the statute. If the legislature does not function well, the judiciary is obligated to find a way to encourage the legislature or the government to provide a remedy. The judiciary cannot compel the legislature, but may show some of the steps that it follows in its decisions.
Corporate codes of conduct: Are three generations sufficient to ensure the effective enforcement of labour rights?
Authors: Tyc Aneta
Published: May 2020

In the 1970s, the number of reports concerning unethical or illegal activities of multinational corporations increased and led to discussions within international organisations. In 1976, the OECD was first to adopt its Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. The ILO adopted its Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy in 1977, and UN issued the Global Compact in 2000. Subsequently, many codes of conduct have been established to provide a stable framework in which MNEs conduct their business. The purpose of this paper is to assess, through the prism of three generations of codes, if self-regulation is sufficient to ensure the effective enforcement of labour rights. I fill the gap in existing research by providing a comprehensive explanation for the shortcomings of this instrument. Research indicates that there is a lack of involvement of social partners in the decision-making process leading to the adoption of codes of conduct. Once adopted, they impose lower standards than the public regulatory frameworks. They are more selective in their choice of labour rights. There are also many difficulties in implementing, monitoring and enforcing a corporate code of conduct. These tools mainly address marketing aims and respond to the unfavourable publicity produced by the media about the inconsistency of certain corporate policies with international labour standards. I conclude by discussing how codes of conduct could be transformed to more eectively address workers’ rights.
Social capital: Limitations of the concept and participation in public life in Poland
Authors: Aksiuto Kamil
Published: May 2020

The article examines some of the most common and crucial difficulties involved in the use of the concept of “social capital” for research purposes. Some of the limitations of the concept are subsequently exemplified in the ways in which it has been employed to explain the unwillingness of a large part of the Polish society to participate in the public life. Social scientists have often accounted for this by emphasizing the low level of social capital in Poland, i.e. absence of certain skills necessary for active engagement in public life and/or lack of trust (trust in public institutions as well as towards other people in general). The article argues that such explanations are either obscuring important factors which contributed to this state of affairs or might gloss over the resources of social capital which are present in the Polish society.
Nation-Delegation-Constitution: Reconsidering role of religion in Polish identity development
Authors: Bień Agnieszka , Tarnowska Anna , Włoch Wojciech
Published: May 2020

Democratic politics creates a specific ‘chain of representation’. According to Article 104 of the Polish Constitution, the MPs are the representatives of the entire Nation. The understanding of the “entire Nation” allows to determine whether national identity is open and inclusive, or closed and exclusive. One can distinguish two ideal types of a nation: heterogeneous and homogeneous. The first type is connected to the universalist understanding of “constitutional essentials”, the second to the particularistic one. In the paper, we pointed out the elements of heterogeneity in the text of Polish constitutions as well as the elements of homogeneity in the constitutional practice. Religion becomes an important factor influencing the interpretation and application of the constitution. The heterogeneous concept of the nation and the universalist “constitutional essentials” can be narrowed down in the political practice. The particularistic elements of the constitution and the homogenizing tendencies present in the application of the constitution might lead to polarization. In such a case, there would be a radical reinterpretation of the entire chain of delegation.
The free movement of economically inactive EU citizens: The right to reside test
Authors: Gyeney Laura
Published: May 2020

The question of free movement rights of economically inactive citizens and their access to social assistance is a legally controversial and a politically sensitive issue. This is well illustrated by the CJEU’s recent case law which signals a shift in its former jurisprudence towards a more restrictive approach relating to access to social assistance benefits for economically inactive EU citizens. Moreover, the Court’s case law appears to be moving away from the concept of EU citizenship as a general value and common solidarity. The present article aims to give a brief overview of the relevant case law with the aim of seeking answer the question whether this turn in the CJEU’s case law predicts a real paradigm shift or just a consolidation phase in the Court’s jurisprudence.
Criminal law measures of ensuring the security of the crypto sphere
Authors: Stepanov Oleg , Pechegin Denis
Published: May 2020

In the first issue of the Bratislava Law Review magazine for 2018, our article addressed the problem of legal regulation of relations related to the crypto sphere “Failure to repatiate funds in foreign currency from abroad and modern issues of currency regulation” was published. In December 2017, Bitcoin predicted the cost of $ 40 – $ 100 thousand. However, in 2018, the situation changed-the Bitcoin exchange rate began to lose from $ 0.5 to $ 1 thousand per day, and its market capitalization fell to $ 70 billion. The crisis of the crypto market has affected not only the capitalization of cryptocurrencies, but also the issues of legal regulation of relations associated with its use. Currently, only three countries – Sweden, the Netherlands and Japan – recognize cryptocurrency as a legal means of payment. In Spain, the cryptocurrency is classified as an electronic means of payment only in relation to the gaming business. The legislation of Germany, as well as Finland, allows to classify cryptocurrencies as financial instruments. In China, Singapore and Norway cryptocurrency is considered as a financial asset in the US – as property, i.e. developed countries are in no hurry to equate cryptocurrency to means of payment. In Russia, the use of cryptocurrencies is not regulated by any rules, but there is no legislation prohibiting the circulation of cryptocurrencies as means of payment. At the same time, the draft bill “On digital nancial assets”, designed to regulate financial relations in the crypto sphere, completely excludes the issues of mining and circulation of existing crypto-currencies. However, new electronic entities carry certain risks associated with their turnover. In this regard, many States seek to develop mechanisms to ensure the security of actions in the new crypto sphere of legal relations before the direct legalization of cryptocurrencies and other modern electronic entities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the approaches related to the security of the crypto sphere in modern society by criminal law measures taking into account foreign experience.
Locating Disparity in Political Culture in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study between Bangali and Rakhine Communities
Authors: Md. Al-Amin
Published: May 2020

This study attempts to explore the disparity in Bangali and ethnic political cultures in Bangladesh. Methodologically, Barishal Sadar and a village under this Upazila and a para of Rakhine community at Kalapara thana in Patuakhali district were taken as a case study to conduct an analysis of the disparity of political cultures between ethnic and Bangali communities in Bangladesh. It is observed from the analysis that there is a huge disparity between Rakhine and Bangali political cultures except in certain cases. In every case, Bangali people behave subjective and participative in communication with political issues, whereas Rakhine people behave parochially except on the question of objectives of the government, political parties and political rights in this regard. It is also observed that no specific political culture exists in Bangali communities, but the Rakhine community behaves parochially in every case. Therefore, in the case of Rakhine community, the concept of civic culture is not applicable but in the Bangali communities, there are no distinct political cultures, but rather a mixed one, which is termed as a civic culture. The causes of the parochial political culture of Rakhines are their dearth of education, backwardness, scarce of mobility as well as apathetic political communication.
MODELO DE GESTIÓN HOTELERA DE LA CIUDAD DE PORTOVIEJO
Authors: Serrano-Amaya Sara Elizabeth , Poveda-Cedeño Eliana
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación se fundamenta en el análisis del sector hotelero de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador; puesto que es bien conocido que esta ciudad posee atractivos turísticos asociados con la gastronomía, cultura y recursos naturales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar un modelo de gestión hotelera en la ciudad de Portoviejo para garantizar la sostenibilidad turística. En este sentido, se utilizaron estrategias metodológicas de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo, así como la revisión bibliográfica de manuscritos y reportes oficiales para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos planteados. En total, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 67 representantes o administrativos de establecimientos hoteleros, que representa el 82,7% del número de hoteles de la ciudad. Se determinó que el 41,5% de los turistas manifiestan que llegan por descanso y vacaciones. Por otra parte, es de carácter imperioso que los gobiernos autónomos descentralizados cantonales como provinciales aporten herramientas en materia de formación y capacitación hacia la alta directiva y los trabajadores de los hoteles, puesto que, el 63,89% de los encuestados indicó que no han sido capacitados. Se concluye que, si bien la gestión hotelera ha permitido potenciar la actividad turística de Portoviejo, aún desde las instituciones públicas no se entregan herramientas y mecanismos suficientes para que los establecimientos hoteleros brinden un servicio de calidad y alcancen la sostenibilidad de sus actividades comerciales.

Palabras clave: gestión, hotelería, planificación, turismo, sostenibilidad.
Wielding Social Media in the Cyber-Arena: Globalism, Nationalism, and Civic Education
Authors: White Charles S.
Published: May 2020

Information technology is a tool, and its effects on global citizenship education (GCED) depend on who uses the technology, how it is employed, and for what purpose. In theory, technology use could provide significant benefits toward achievement of GCED goals. Globalization has demanded an educational response — to prepare the young for productive engagement with the emerging global community. Technology could play a positive role in effective GCED. But globalization has come at a cost; it has produced winners and losers. Among the losers are those economically displaced as manufacturing jobs move elsewhere; they are resentful of foreigner and fearful of an uncertain future. For them, global citizenship is anathema. They are susceptible to manipulation by malign forces eager to exploit any perceived rifts in the post-war world order. For them, technology is a weapon, as easily aimed at the aspirations of GCED as another apparent enemy.

            Identifying how technology can be employed positively in GCED is important, but not enough. Young people must also understand the conflict between globalization and alt-right nationalist populism, much of it carried out in the cyber-arena of the Internet and social media. New technologies have armed adversaries with tools to manipulate opinion and foment disorder.

how technology is employed to undermine global citizenship education, as well as the democracies of the West. This they can witness in the gladiatorial combat between globalization and nationalist populism —between democracy and authoritarianism — in the cyber-arena.

This article explores how technology is a double-edged sword – a tool for good and a tool for mischief. It draws from current research and news reporting on methods and effects of online manipulation. The article concludes by describing international efforts to defend against social media assaults on democracy and by identifying the new knowledge and skills citizens must acquire for positive civic engagement in the global cyber-arena.
ტურისტების სოციალური მიმღებლობა ბათუმის მოსახლეობაში
Authors: Surmanidze Megi
Published: May 2020

მეგი სურმანიძე
სოციოლოგიის მაგისტრი
ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
საქართველო, ბათუმი
E-mail: megisurmanidze128@gmail.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-234
 
მოკლე აღწერა
ურთიერთობები რომლებიც ტურისტებსა და მოსახლეობას შორის  წარიმართება, არსებითად მნიშვნელოვანია ისეთი დარგის წინსვლისა და განვითარებისათვის, როგორიც არის ტურიზმი. ეს გლობალური დარგი და შემოსავლების წყარო ბევრი ქვეყნისათვის მნიშვნელოვან ეკონომიკურ როლს თამაშობს.  ეს დარგი მნიშვნელოვანია, როგორც აჭარის რეგიონისათვის, ასევე ტურისტული ქალაქისათვის-ბათუმისათვის, იმ პირობებში, როდესაც ქალაქს სხვადასხვა ეროვნების ათასობით ტურისტი სტუმრობს, არსებითად მნიშვნელოვანია მათ შორის წარმართული ურთერთობები და დამოკიდებულებები. სწორედ ეს ურთიერთბები თამაშობს ერთ-ერთ გადამწყვეტ როლს ტურისტების გადაწყვეტილებებში კიდევ ერთხელ ესტუმროს ქალაქს თუ არა.  მიმღებლობა აქტუალური თანმდევი პროცესია, რომელიც მსოფლიოს მზარდ საშემოსავლო  ბიზნეს მიმართულებას, ტურიზმს ახასიათებს. მისი შესწავლა აუცილებელია ტურისტულ ურთიერთობებში არსებული პრობლემების დადგენის და გამოკვლევის თვალსაზრისით.                სტატიის მიზანია აჩვენოს თუ რამდენად დიდია მიმღებლობის მნიშვნელობა ტურისტული ურთიერთობებში და  რამდენად დიდ როლს თამაშობს ის ტურისტული ბიზნეს ინდუსტრიის  სასიკეთოდ წარმართვაში. ასევე,  სტატიის მიზანია აჩვენოს თუ როგორია მიმღებლობა,  რა სახით  და რა  მასშტაბებით ვლინდება იგი ბათუმის მოსახლეობაში.         საკვლევი თემა საინტერესოა და ღირებული პრობლემის აქტუალობის თვალსაზრისით, ტურისტული ბიზნესი და ტურისტული ბაზარი დღითიდღე იზრდება, თუმცა აქამდე ყურადღების მიღმა რჩებოდა მისი ხელშემწყობი თუ დამაბრკოლებელი სოციალური მიზეზები, რომლებიც უშუალოდაა დაკავშირებული მიმღებლობასთან, ტურისტებსა და ადგილობრივ მოსახლეობას შორის ურთიერთობასთან. ღირებულება რეალურია რადგან ტურისტული ბიზნესის წინსვლა პირდაპირპროპორციულ კავშირშია ტურისტებსა და მოსახლეობას შორის ურთიერთობებზე
ჩატარებულ იქნა თვისებრივი სოციალური კვლევა, ხოლო ონფორმაციის მოპოვების მეთოდად შეირჩა – ჩაღრმავებული ინტერვიუ. თვისებრივი კვლევის მეთოდმა, კერძოდ, ჩაღრმავებულმა ინტერვიუმ, საშუალება მოგვცა გაგვეგო აქტორების შეხედულებები, რწმენები და  დამოკიდებულებები. ეს მეთოდი ყველაზე შესაფერისი  იყო  კვლევის პრობლემატიკასთან, რადგან, ფოკუს ჯგუფის ჩატარების შემთხვევაში რესპოდენტებს, მოსალოდნელია, შექმნოდათ სხვების თანდასწრებით გულწრფელი საუბრის პრობლემა. სხვების თანდასწრებით რესპოდენტებს შესაძლოა დაეფარათ რეალური ემოცია, აზრი ან შეხედულება.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: მიმღებლობა, ტურისტული ინდუსტრია, კულტურული იდენტობა, ქსენოფობია.
ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემა - ეკონომიკური ზრდის უმნიშვნელოვანესი ფაქტორი
Authors: Qoqiauri Lamara
Published: May 2020

ლამარა ქოქიაური
ეკონომიკურ მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი, პროფესორი,
საქართველოს ეკონომიკურ მეცნიერებათა აკადემიის აკადემიკოსი,
ეკონომიკური კვლევების ეროვნული ინსტიტუტის მთავარი
მეცნიერ-თანამშრომელი
საქართველო, ბათუმი
E-mail: lqoqiauri@yahoo.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8190-1016
 
მოკლე აღწერა
შრომაში შესწავლილია ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემის ძირი­თა­დი მიზანი, მისი როლი ეროვნული და რეგიონული ეკო­ნო­მი­კების ორგანიზაციების კონკურენტუნარიანობის ამაღლების საქ­მეში. აქვე განხილულია ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემის საკვანძო პა­რამეტრები და ლოკალური ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემების შექ­მ­ნის საბაზო პირობები.
         სტატიაში წარმოდგენილია დღეისათვის მეტად აქტ­უ­ა­ლუ­რი პრობლემა _ ინოვაციების შექმნისა და კომერციალიზაციის პრ­ოცესი, კვლევებზე დახარჯული რესურსების განაწილების, ტე­ქნოლოგიების განვითარებისა და კომერციალიზაციის თვ­ალ­სა­ზრისით.
       ოცდამეერთე საუკუნეში ეკონომიკის მდგრადი ინოვაციური გან­ვითარებისათვის პირობების შექმნა დაკავშირებულია ინ­ო­ვა­ც­ი­ური ეკოსისტემის ჩამოყალიბებასთან. იგი ახასიათებს რეგიონის ან ქვეყნის ეკონომიკის ინოვაციური განვითარების თანამედროვე მო­დელს და არის უფრო ადრინდელი კონცეფციის, კერძოდ, ეროვნული ინოვაციური სისტემის თეორიის აქტუალური ვერსია.
        ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემის ფუნქციონირების საფუძველია კა­პი­ტალისა და ეკონომიკური რესურსების, სამეურნეო სუბიექტებს შო­რის ურთიერთდამოკიდებულება, რომელთა მიზანია _ ტე­ქნ­ო­ლო­გიური და ინოვაციური განვითარება. ეკონომიკური რე­სუ­რ­სე­ბი მოცემულ შემთხვევაში თავის თავში მოიცავს როგორც მატ­ერ­ია­ლურ რესურსებს, ასევე ადამიანისეულ კაპიტალს. აქვე უნდა აღ­ვნიშნოთ, რომ ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემა თავისი არსით წა­რმო­ა­დ­გენს ორი განსხვავებული სისტემის ერთობლიობას _ ესენია: სა­მეც­ნიერო-კვლევითი და კომერციული. დღეისთვის აქტუალურია სა­მეცნიერო კვლევების და დამუშავებებზე გაწეული ი­ნ­ვე­ს­ტი­ცი­ე­ბ­ის საერთო მოცულობაში კომერციული სექტორის წილის გა­დი­დება.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემა, ბიოლოგიური ეკოსისტემა, ფუნდამენტური კვლევები, კომერციალიზაციის პროცესი, სახელმწიფო ინვესტიციები, ვენჩურული კაპიტალი, ინოვაციური ეკოსისტემის მოდელი.
საქართველოს და ირანის სავაჭრო- ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობები
Authors: Kandashvili Teimuraz , Kochlamazashvili Lela , Koblianidze Tamar
Published: May 2020

თეიმურაზ ყანდაშვილი
ეკონომიკის დოქტორი,
საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის პროფესორი
საქართველო, თბილისი
E-mail: t.kandashvili@gtu.ge
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3319-7105
 
ლელა კოჭლამაზაშვილი
ეკონომიკის დოქტორი,
საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის პროფესორი
საქართველო, თბილისი
E-mail: l.kochlamazashvili@gtu.ge
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-6587
 
თამარ ქობლიანიძე
ეკონომიკის  დოქტორი,                      
საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის პროფესორი
საქართველო, თბილისი
E-mail: tamar.koblianidze@gtu.ge
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-548X
 
მოკლე აღწერა
დამოუკიდებლობის მოპოვების შემდეგ სასიცოცხლო მნი­შვნელობა შეიძინა საქართველოს ეკონომიკის მსოფლიო ეკ­ო­­ნომიკურ სივრცეში  ინტეგრაციამ. დამყარდა სავაჭრო ეკონო­მი­­კური ურთიერთობები მსოფლიოს მრავალ ქვეყანასთან, პი­რ­ველ რიგში კი მეზობელ ქვეყნებთან.  გამონაკლისს ირანის ის­ლ­ა­მური რესპუბლიკა წარმოადგენდა.
სტატიის კვლევის მი­ზა­ნს წარმოადგენს საქართველო - ირა­ნის ისლამური რესპუბლიკის ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობები. ყუ­რადღება გამახვილებულია იმ დარგებზე, რომელთაც მნიშ­ვ­ნ­ე­ლოვანი როლი ენიჭებათ ორმხრივი ურთიერთობების გან­ვი­თა­რებაში.      
2006 წლიდან საქართველოს სავაჭრო-ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობა  ირანის ისლამურ რესპუბლიკასთან მზარდი ტე­ნ­დენციით ხასიათდება, თუმცა, უნდა აღინიშნოს, რომ იმ­პო­რტის წილი ექსპორტს ბევრად სჭარბობს. ექსპორტის წა­ხა­ლი­სება და ხელშეწყობა სახელმწიფოს ერთ-ერთ პრი­ო­რი­ტე­ტად არის გამოცხადებული, მაგრამ ჯერ-ჯერობით, სრულად არ არის ათვისებული ეკონომიკის, მათ შორის სოფლის მეუ­რ­ნე­ობის ის დარგები, რომლის საექსპორტო პოტენციალიც ქვე­ყა­ნაშია.
ნაშრომში განხილულია საქართველოსა და ირანის ისლა­მურ რესპუბლიკას შორის ბოლო წლების სავაჭრო ბრუნვა, ექ­ს­პორტ-იმპორტის ძირითადი სასაქონლო ჯგუფები, ინვეს­ტი­ცი­ები.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: სავაჭრო და ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობები, სავაჭრო ბრუნვა, ექსპორტი, იმპორტი, ინვესტიცია.
Multi-parametric Variational Data Assimilation of MODIS snow cover data through HBV Model in Mountainous Upper Euphrates River Catchment
Authors: Sensoy Aynur , Uysal Gokcen , Alvarado Montero Rodolfo
Published: May 2020

Modeling streamflows is challenging in snow dominated high altitude regions due to limited observations, harsh topographic conditions and complex snow physics. Different uncertainties arise from multiple sources in modeling and forecasting. The uncertainties of the initial conditions are mainly tackled with data assimilation techniques. On the other hand, the uncertainty of the model structure should also be considered since assimilation techniques can only use same model and parameter sets in each implementation. Generally, this uncertainty can be taken into account using multi-modelling methods that can produce ensemble set of parameters. In order to make use of this approach, this study aims the realization of a novel method that generates a probabilistic estimate of initial states using a multi-parametric modelling method with deterministic Variational Data Assimilation, as referred to the multi-parametric variational data assimilation, MP-VarDA.  The study is accomplished for runoff predictions over the mountainous Eastern part of Turkey concerning the importance of snowmelt and the limited availability of observed data. The model pool is generated with Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method with a calibrated hydrological model using HBV. The implementation of MP-VarDA assimilates both discharge and satellite snow observations on snow cover. The preliminary results having 3 model instances are promising to set a model pool for MP-VarDA method which can reduce model uncertainty. The model is also tested via hindcast experiments under close-loop mode in order to assimilate discharge and satellite snow data, and model results showed that runoff and snow state predictions are improved compared to conditional assimilation techniques.
The management of visibility in digital diplomacy: Infrastructures and techniques
Authors: Tsinovoi Alexei
Published: May 2020

The proliferation of new media has been hailed by academics and practitioners worldwide as a revolution in the conduct of international relations, with dialogical, reconciliatory, and democratizing potentials. Several years later, however, the evidence for such progressive potentialities is scarce. To better understand the actualized role of social media in international politics and deepen our understanding of the potentialities for progressive politics online, this article examines several examples of digital diplomacy initiatives by state and non-state actors. These examples highlight the growing political significance of online visibility management techniques — i.e., the various techno-political interventions by which actors attempt to make their messages accessible on online platforms. While early citizen-driven initiatives, such as the ‘Israel-Loves-Iran’ Facebook campaign, focused on strategic content production as a means to enhance their online visibility, later initiatives, such as the public-private partnership ‘4IL’, directed their efforts towards connectivity manipulation using medium-specific techniques which contest the visibility of others. This article concludes by arguing that fulfilling the progressive potentialities of digital diplomacy in this political terrain would not only require complementing content production with an effective engagement with the visibility arrangements of the platforms, but also a critical analytics of techno-social inclusions and exclusions, which this dual task generates.
Institutional Drivers for Managers: A study on Training Adoption and its Impact on Social Enterprises Legitimacy and Performance in Pakistan
Authors: Mufti Mishal , Jamal Shah Syed , Xiaobao Peng , Sarwar Asma , Razzaghian Mariya , Ud din Imad
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Despite wide global attention to training programs in business organizations, research on training programs and their outcomes at the social enterprises in general is very limited. This study aims to explicate the drivers and effects of manager’s training.OBJECTIVE: Based on institutional theory, this research explores the reasons why social enterprises train their managers as well as how the legitimacy and performance improves in response to training.METHODS: Our theoretically derived model is tested using survey data obtained from ninety-nine senior managers of social enterprises in Pakistan. Data was analyzed through Partial Least Square structural equation modeling method (PLS-SEM).RESULTS: The results of analysis support the idea that training of managers is synergistically and interactively driven by institutional forces e.g. normative, mimetic and coercive pressures. These institutional pressures spur social enterprises and induce them to adopt training programs to enhance their external and internal legitimacy and improve their performance.CONCLUSIONS: This research emphasizes the importance of institutional pressures in adopting training programs in social enterprises. In sum, the present study provides important insights for senior managers in social enterprises who seek to foster external and internal legitimacy and improve performance. This study makes important contribution to the literature by developing an empirical link between institutional pressures and social enterprises performance. This research reiterates finding in previous studies to show the significance of the institutional forces in adoption of certain practices e.g. training of managers, to monitor the outcomes of training and providing further explanation regarding effects of training on legitimacy and performance.
Оптимистичный взгляд пессимиста: ответ оппонентам
Authors: Масланов Евгений Валерьевич ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: May 2020

Приводятся краткие ответы на замечания критиков к статье «Коммуникация ученых и новые информационно-коммуникационные технологии (заметки пессимиста)». Соглашаясь с тезисом о том, что необходим общественный контроль за реализацией научных проектов, автор отмечает, что его функционирование затруднено «иллюзией понимания» науки. Опора на иллюзию понимания позволяет избегать реального общественного контроля. Открытый доступ к научным результатам лишь укрепляет ее. Развитие технонауки приводит к активному формированию ее медийного образа. При этом сами ученые пытаются противостоять процессам формирования «иллюзии понимания» и медийности науки. В результате сама наука стремится заново выстроить стратегии демаркации способов коммуникации.
Fast trade?
Authors: Dayé Christian ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: May 2020

This paper addresses two questions. The first is: Do cross-disciplinary teams that exist only for rather short periods of time have a chance to realize some form of dialogue across disciplinary boundaries? To approach this topic, the concept of trading zones is applied, as it has been introduced by Peter Galison and developed by other authors. Empirical data come from participant observation during a workshop on sonification, i.e. the auditory display of data. In this context, a second question is addressed. While there exists a vivid discussion on how to measure outcome or performance of research projects, there has been no attempt to measure the degree of interdisciplinarity within a collaborative structure. I propose a methodology that attempts to transfer concepts found within qualitative frameworks onto a quantitative research strategy. In concluding, I discuss some flaws of this approach and propose further lines of work.
Technologising the wave
Authors: Iskandarova Marfuga , Simakova Elena ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: May 2020

Despite the recent shift from renewable energy to a low carbon policy, the UK policy discourse still recognises marine energy as part of the country’s future energy mix. Production of what we call an “assemblage” of technology and ocean waves triggers complex sets of initiatives that provide the basis for the economic viability and credibility of wave energy extraction. However, questions are rarely asked about how the natural phenomenon being part of this assemblage is construed as a resource to become a key element of promises and assessments of potential of renewable energy. This study sheds light on under-explored aspects of the credibility–economy and valuation practices formed around renewable energy that have not yet been problematised in social studies of energy. Arguing that ocean waves become an energy resource largely through resource assessment practices, we examine such practices in the context of the production of scientific and policy discourses around wave energy. Considering waves as an object of expertise, we examine how “wave data” constituted through measurements, statistical analysis, modelling and visualisation, contribute to the assessment and legitimisation of wave energy developments. We also evaluate the prospects for wave energy to be a “good” in future economic exchange.
Animal d’archive: On the Tracks of Derrida’s Writing
Authors: Vitale Francesco ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2020

The article seeks to outline the relationship between Geschlecht III and Jacques Derrida’s published texts devoted to the mark “Geschlecht,” in order to detect the general strategy followed by Derrida in the construction of his archive during his lifetime. Indeed, we suppose that his archive has to be built in accordance with his deconstructive statements about the classical conception of the archive: a totalizing closure of a textual production able to trace it back to the unity of an ideal identity (Archive Fever). In particular, the article aims to focus on a passage at the end of Jacques Derrida’s Geschlecht III, where the question of the animal in Heidegger comes into the foreground and in a way that is slightly different from what we already know through Derrida’s published works and that could require a re-reading of his “entire” work.
Revitalizing your library faculty governance: Five tips to increase involvement
Authors: Hoffman Ashley T.
Published: May 2020

If you’re an academic librarian with faculty status, you know that this status comes with an equal portion of benefit and burden. Some of the benefits are academic freedom, support for scholarship, and elevated status on campus (though not necessarily higher pay). Some library faculty are even eligible for tenure (though at my institution, Kennesaw State University, we are not). On the flipside of these benefits are a few things I would consider burdens, such as tedious annual reviews and extensive service requirements. Library faculty governance, I would argue, falls somewhere in between a benefit and a burden.
Fighting fake news: Inspiring critical thinking with memorable learning experiences
Authors: Diaz Stephanie A. , Hall Russell A.
Published: May 2020

Despite fake news having a long and notorious history in the United States, it seemed like a brand-new phenomenon to many people during the 2016 presidential campaign. Four years later, we continue to grapple with the understanding that the fake news issue is a symptom of a perfect storm of political polarization, shifting U.S. demographics, labor market upheaval, the proliferation of social media use, foreign interference, and normal human psychology. With no clear solutions in sight, the battle against fake news continues. Fake news has many troubling implications for life outside of the academy, but it also has serious consequences for student learning. From the perspective of undergraduate students, it may seem that in this post-truth era, anyone with a cellphone can create news, journalists have ulterior motives, news organizations cannot be trusted, debate centers on reaffirming one’s worldview, and nothing is knowable because there is always evidence on both sides of an argument. Despite this, we believe learning experiences designed to be memorable can change students’ perspectives and make a lasting impression.
Evoking truthiness: Using satirical news comedies to teach information literacy
Authors: Adams Annis Lee , Alexander Stephanie , Wood Lana Mariko
Published: May 2020

Instruction librarians looking for new ways to spice up their library instruction can use video clips from “The Most Important News Show . . . Ever” (The Daily Show) and other satirical news comedies to capture the attention of students during their next instructional session. These videos can serve as an entertaining mechanism to help students understand information literacy (IL) concepts.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: May 2020

Writing this column, a month in advance of its May publication, is a little surreal. The world is firmly entrenched in the COVID-19 outbreak, which has turned “normal” activity on its ear. All over the country, international and domestic travel is discouraged if not outright restricted, public schools are closed, university classes have moved online, many libraries are no longer open to the public, cities and counties have issued “shelter in place” orders, states have made disaster declarations, and the National Guard has even been called out.
Sobre el conocimiento de la cosa en sí según Schopenhauer
Authors: García Roger Antonio Pérez
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes to analyze Schopenhauer’s methodological and hermeneutical considerations regarding the knowledge of the thing-in-itself. For this purpose, I explain the nature of the philosophical abstraction in light of the primacy of the metaphysics of the Will. I argue that the possibility of the philosophical research is rooted on the interpretation of self-knowledge as an instance of the Will’s objectivation. In this regard, I will plead that the definition and criteria developed by Schopenhauer for his philosophy are established at the expense of deductive demonstration, in favor of a peculiar and particular form of abstraction fitted for the philosophical enterprise and subject matter. Finally, I will present an interpretation of the epistemological basis of reflection in line with schopenhauerian philosophy.
O "Parmênides" de Platão revisitado
Authors: Rickless Samuel
Published: May 2020

O Parmênides de Platão é um diálogo notoriamente desafiador. Para apresentar uma interpretação completamente satisfatória dele, cada argumento precisa ser reconstruído em seus próprios termos e se todas as reconstruções forem acuradas, as interconexões lógicas entre os argumentos de ambas as partes do diálogo devem revelar a mensagem geral do Parmênides. Aqui gostaria de resumir minha interpretação e considerar algumas importantes objeções e alternativas a ela, particularmente como estas aparecem nos trabalhos de Constance Meinwald e Mary Louise Gill. Quero explicar por que a interpretação de Meinwald é significativamente menos convincente do que a minha e, como Gill e eu chegamos a conclusões semelhantes, quero destacar as diferenças importantes entre nossas interpretações.
Platão contra um certo platonismo: a crítica da hipótese das Ideias no "Parmênides"
Authors: Soares Marcio
Published: May 2020

Apresento nesse texto uma leitura da primeira parte (127a-135c) do diálogo Parmênides. Meu objetivo é demonstrar a possibilidade de que as críticas objetadas pelo velho Parmênides à hipótese platônica das Ideias, exposta e defendida pelo jovem Sócrates, não são letais à mesma hipótese, uma vez que estão assentadas em dois pressupostos que a ela são alheios e desnecessários. Primeiro, a pressuposição de Parmênides de que a “distinção” (diéiresai) entre Ideias e coisas delas participantes seja equivalente a total “separação” (chorís) entre ambas (Prm. 130b). Segundo, o fato de que o Eleata, na construção de seus argumentos, trata das Ideias como se fossem coisas materiais, isto é, tais como as coisas que são objetos de nossa percepção sensível. Pretendo mostrar de que forma esses dois pressupostos sustentam as dificuldades teóricas decorrentes das perguntas dirigidas por Parmênides a Sócrates, as quais esse último não consegue responder. Ao final, minha sugestão é de que Platão tenha posto na boca do velho Eleata uma interpretação errônea de sua própria hipótese das Ideias. Nesse sentido, nosso Filósofo, no diálogo Parmênides, estaria combatendo um certo platonismo.
Editorial
Authors: Debona Vilmar
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho não possui resumo.
Palynoflora from the Permian Stores Formation (Picos de Europa, Asturias, Northern Spain)
Authors: Juncal Manuel , Diez Bienvenido , Broutin Jean , Martínez-García Enrique
Published: May 2020

A new spore and pollen assemblage has been discovered in the Stores Formation (Picos de Europa, Asturias, North of Spain). The palynoflora includes: Alisporites splendens, Fimbriaesporites fimbratus, Gardenasporites heisseli, Hamiapollenites bullaeformis, Lueckisporites virkkiae, Potonieisporites novicus, Protohaploxypinus microcorpus, Vittania costabilis, Vittalina saccata, Striatopodocarpidites cf. cancellatus, Alisporites sp. Endosporites sp, Platysaccus sp., Punctatisporites sp., Verrucosisporites sp. and unidentified pollen grains and microspores. A Kungurian age is suggested for the fossil site, which has implications for the understanding of the Late Variscan evolution of the Iberian Peninsula
An emended and amplified description of Pecopteris apicalis Knight, a fern morphospecies of mid-Stephanian age from NW Spain
Authors: Knight John A , Sardina Luis J
Published: May 2020

Extensive adpression material of the fern morphospecies Pectopteris apicalis Knight has been collected from overburden from opencast mining in the Paragido-Vallejo area oh the Barruelo Coalfield, close to the collection site of the holotype of the species. This has permitted a more detailed description of the key characteristics than was previously possible and an emended diagnosis. The large frond fragments demonstrate large pinnae of antepenultimate order, length in excess of 0.4 m, with apparent attachment to a very robust petiole in a tripinnate frond structure. Other diagnostic features of the species confirmed in this wide range of material cover the dimensions, acuminate shape, and terminal of last order pinnae, the range of dimensions and shape of pinnules and the characteristic consistently bifurcate venation. Fertile organs have been identified only on one specimen collected from another opencast working in the Barruelo Coalfield, at a lower level in the same stratigraphic unit. Although indistinct, the fertile organs comprise two rows of small circular sori on either side of the mid-vein, reminiscent of the genus Asterotheca, although the material does not permit reliable identification. Discussion of the possible systematic relationship of this species suggests the closet affiliation is with the cyatheoid group of pecopterid marattialean species. The Peragido-Vallejo material occurs within a low diversity flora which has undergone minimal transport from its site of growth, interpreted as in an interdistributary back-swamp area on a near-coastal alluvial plain
Grallator theropod tracks from the Late Jurassic of Asturias (Spain): ichnotaxonomic implications
Authors: Castanera Diego , Piñuela Laura , García-Ramos José C
Published: May 2020

The MUJA (Museo del Jurásico de Asturias, Jurassic Museum of Asturias) has an interesting collection of theropod tracks that show similarities with the ichnogenera assigned to the Eubrontes-Grallator plexus. In this paper we describe in detail the morphology of 21 specimens recovered from different localities on “The Dinosaur Coast” of Asturias, plus four specimens preserved in outcrops in the sea cliffs of Les Vinaes (Villaviciosa). All the specimens are from the outcrops of the Lastres Formation, which is Kimmeridgian in age. The general morphology of the tracks, the footprint length-width ratio, the mesaxony, low divarication of the digits (II-IV) and the absence of hallux and metatarsophalangeal impressions suggest that the tracks are more similar to Grallator than to any other theropod ichnotaxa. Geometric morphometric analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) based on 2D landmark techniques suggests that they differ from Kalohipus bretunensis (as yet the only Grallator-like ichnotaxon described in the Iberian Peninsula) mainly in the divarication angles and in the projection of digit III
Un nuevo dinosaurio estiracosterno (Ornithopoda: Ankylopollexia) del Cretácico Inferior de España
Authors: Fuentes Vidarte Carolina , Meijide Calvo Manuel , Meijide Fuentes Federico , Meijide Fuentes Manuel
Published: May 2020

El yacimiento Zorralbo I, situado en el municipio de Golmayo (Soria, España) perteneciente al Cretácico Inferior (Hauteriviense superior/Barremiense inferior), ha proporcionado diverso material de cuatro tipos de dinosaurios: ornitópodos, anquilosaurios (Polacanthus sp.), saurópodos (Titanosauriforme) y terópodos (Allosauroidea y Dromaeosauridae). En este trabajo se analiza el material perteneciente a un nuevo dinosaurio iguanodóntido, que presenta una serie de caracteres morfológicos y biométricos que le separan de los iguanodóntidos ya conocidos: el proceso coronoide del dentario es continuación del mismo, con el último alvéolo dentario localizándose por delante de dicho proceso; la longitud de la escápula equivale a seis veces su anchura distal y a siete veces su anchura mínima; la tuberosidad interna y el cóndilo ulnar del húmero no están alineados y el cóndilo radial se sitúa por encima del ulnar; en la ulna, el extremo distal es más ancho que el proximal y tiene forma de maza; en el radio, el extremo distal también es mazudo; el carpo está formado por tres elementos; la anchura de la muñeca equivale al 70 % de la longitud de la mano; la fórmula falangeal es 1-3-3-2-(3-4); y, por último, el prepubis es recto y el foramen obturador es abierto y queda semi-cubierto por una lengüeta ósea mesial. La suma de todos estos caracteres y las diferencias existentes entre este ejemplar y los distintos géneros de iguanodóntidos, llevan a la conclusión de que se trata de un nuevo y se propone para el mismo la denominación de Magnamanus soriaensis nov. gen. nov. sp
Palestinian political regime in the era of British colonization of 1917-1948: political-legal aspect
Authors: Penkov Vladimir Fedorovich , Alfedeilat Feras
Published: May 2020

The core of the Palestinian political regime takes its roots in the course of the struggle for independence against British occupation government that attempted to establish Jewish State in the territory of Western Palestine. This research examines the history of Palestine under the British Mandate after the World War I. The object of this article is Palestine in the time of creation of post-colonial system of international relations; while the subject is the political-legal aspects of Palestinian political regime during British colonization period of 1917-1948. The article is based on the political-retrospective analysis of regional situation. The authors were able to determine the factors that contributed to the emergence of Arab-Israeli conflict; reveal the state of Palestinian internal political forces and actors, their impact upon the political regime of Palestinian State; as we;; as well as identify the potential conflict risk zones within the Arab leadership. Analysis of the regional situation allows formulating approaches towards forecasting the course of events.
Expansion microscopy of C. elegans
Authors: Yu Chih-Chieh (Jay) , Barry Nicholas C , Wassie Asmamaw T , Sinha Anubhav , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Asano Shoh , Zhang Chi , Chen Fei , Hobert Oliver , Goodman Miriam B , Haspel Gal , Boyden Edward S
Published: May 2020

We recently developed expansion microscopy (ExM), which achieves nanoscale-precise imaging of specimens at ~70 nm resolution (with ~4.5x linear expansion) by isotropic swelling of chemically processed, hydrogel-embedded tissue. ExM of C. elegans is challenged by its cuticle, which is stiff and impermeable to antibodies. Here we present a strategy, expansion of C. elegans (ExCel), to expand fixed, intact C. elegans. ExCel enables simultaneous readout of fluorescent proteins, RNA, DNA location, and anatomical structures at resolutions of ~65–75 nm (3.3–3.8x linear expansion). We also developed epitope-preserving ExCel, which enables imaging of endogenous proteins stained by antibodies, and iterative ExCel, which enables imaging of fluorescent proteins after 20x linear expansion. We demonstrate the utility of the ExCel toolbox for mapping synaptic proteins, for identifying previously unreported proteins at cell junctions, and for gene expression analysis in multiple individual neurons of the same animal.
A influência da percepção de utilidade de avaliações online na intenção de compra de serviços de hotelaria
Authors: Oliveira Rinaldo de Castro , Baldam Elaine Daros , Da Costa Fábio Reis , Pelissari Anderson Soncini
Published: May 2020

O crescimento da internet facilitou a interconectividade dos consumidores por meio de fóruns online que permitem os consumidores a gerar conteúdo e influenciar os outros em suas decisões de compra. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a influência da percepção de utilidade das avaliações online na intenção de compra de serviços de hotelaria. Utilizou-se de abordagem quantitativa, onde foram aplicados questionários junto a consumidores que usam avaliações online para reserva de hospedagens, e os dados foram analisados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostraram a influência direta da percepção de utilidade da informação na intenção de compra, sendo que os construtos antecessores, descritos como necessidade da informação, credibilidade da informação e qualidade da informação, apresentaram impacto positivo e significativo na percepção de utilidade das avaliações online. Comparando esses resultados com pesquisa realizada por Erkan e Evans (2016) com consumidores do Reino Unido que se utilizam de midas sociais para decisão sobre suas compras, neste estudo a credibilidade da informação mostrou-se mais relevante em relação à qualidade da informação, evidenciando um comportamento mais cético dos consumidores brasileiros. Os resultados encontrados merecem atenção dos profissionais que gerenciam o marketing digital das organizações inseridas nesse ambiente, principalmente em relação a importância da gestão da credibilidade e da qualidade das avaliações online na intenção de compra de serviços de hotelaria, sendo esta uma contribuição prática resultante da pesquisa.