bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON BETWEEN BASIC RUNNING TRAINING TOOLS FROM SECOND LEVEL IN THE THREE MAIN VARIANTS FOCUSED PREPARATION FOR CLASSIC MOUNTAIN RUNNING
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Kisyov Kostadin
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The article presents research on running training tools in the preparation of runners specializing in classic mountain running. Distribution of basic running training tools for development of the second-level subfactors was analyzed in all of the three main variants of preparation – “Uphill”, „Combined“ and “Up and Downhill”. Distribution of training tools can be seen per week in the framework of the macrocycle according to the purposefulness and the effect of their implementation relevant to the factors of the sport achievement. The research aims to analyze the use of the basic running tools from second level in all of the three main variants of purposeful preparation in classic mountain running. The subject of the research is the diversity of training tools used in the preparation of the mountain runners. The research object is the training and sport-racing activity in the mountain running. In the scope of the research, there are 29 training programs of mountain runners. Variation analysis has been used to analyze the results. Average values of the training tools per week in the macro-structure were defined, according to the purposefulness of the effect of their implementation in the factors of the sport achievement. Conclusions: 1) Main part of the running tools from second level are focused on the development of the sub-factor ”pace endurance“. 2) Differences in all of the three types of preparation show, that the sub-factor „pace endurance“ is more significant, when the preparation is focused on racing in variants Up and downhill. 3) The volume and distribution of the running tools for the development of the sub-factors “strength endurance” and „speed-strength potential “in all of the three variants are approximately equal. 4) When the training in mountain running is directed to the variant “Up and downhill” we see an increased portion of the flat running with an intensity close to the one during the racing itself.
METHODOLOGY FOR ONLINE BEGINNERS’ GYMNASTICS TRAINING
Authors:   Sports club “TEA DANCE”, Elin Pelin, Bulgaria, Gramatikova Teodora
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The pandemic set a huge challenge to the work of coaches, as the circumstances required to have trainings at home and in an online learning environment for which there were no ready and custom-made materials. This led to our study, which is focused on structuring a methodology for online rhythmic gymnastics training for beginners. The study developed in two stages: during the first stage we created a questionnaire, we organized and filmed the new methodology with a total of 48 exercises, conducted an initial stage of testing a control and an experimental group, trained the parents of our participants to use the ZOOM platform; the online trainings were held for 3 months. The experimental group was trained in accordance with the methodology proposed, following a certain algorithm. The exercises of the methodology were demonstrated to the children with photos and videos, and the demonstrators were dressed and made up with costumes of famous characters from various fairy tales or children’s entertainment shows. The control group was trained using the methodology of their lead coach, in which the exercises were included in combinations, without prior study, and did not follow a specific training algorithm. After that experiment, during the second stage of the study, a final testing was made to evaluate the results, run a statistical processing, analyze the results and complete the project. The results from the analyses show that the methodology used in this algorithm and with the proposed photos and videos is well mastered by the beginner gymnasts. The difference in growth in both groups in the initial testing is minimal. In the final testing, the increase between the average values of the two groups increased significantly in favour of the increased maximum results in the experimental group. During the experiment, no children lost their interest in the conducted training as observed in the control group.
EMPOWERMENT OF PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES THROUGH INVOLVEMENT IN SPECIAL OLYMPICS BULGARIA
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Djobova Stefka , Kirilova Ivelina ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Special Olympics is the world’s largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. It was established to provide year-round sports training and competition opportunities in a variety of Olympic-type sports. Nowadays, it is a global movement of devoted people gathered to create a new world of inclusion where every single person is accepted and welcomed, regardless of ability or disability. In Bulgaria, the Special Olympics program started in 1994 and since then is constantly advocating for access to sports for the disadvantaged groups in our society. The aim of this study is to reveal the power of sport in the transformation of the lives of persons with intellectual disabilities involved in the Special Olympics program in Bulgaria. Single-case research design was applied for examining changes in outcome variables in a researched target group. For the truly recapture of the researched individuals, we made use of narrative in terms of “live stories”. The grounded theory of this study is empowerment, as defined by the United Nations Social Development Network. The transformative power of sports has a positive influence on personal and sport-specific competencies, relatedness, expansion of opportunities, and autonomy. Involvement in Special Olympics contributes to personal development and inspires a sense of belonging. Training and competition involvement are increasing opportunities and experiences that lead to the empowerment of a single person with an intellectual disability.
EXTENT OF INCLUSION IN ERASMUS+ SPORT PROJECTS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Kirilova Ivelina , Djobova Stefka ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Dochevska Yoanna ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Aleksandrova Velichka ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Zdravkov Ivaylo ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Since the 1960s, the Council of Europe has developed recommendations and resolutions ensuring full participation of persons with disabilities into social and sport life. Diversity, equity, and inclusion are the elements that shape sports in the last decade. The right of people with disabilities to participate in recreational or sporting activities on equal terms as other populations through an inclusive approach is emphasized in the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In 2021’s Briefing of the European Parliament is stated that there is a lack of centralized data collection on the participation of people with disabilities in sports at the European Union level. The Erasmus+ Sport program provides funding for sports actions, including the development of inclusive policies aiming to remove barriers and improve the participation of people with disabilities in sports. This study aims to explore the extent of inclusion of persons with disabilities in sports among the Erasmus+ Sport projects co-funded until 2020. Using a secondary research method, we analyzed data extracted from Annual reports, Compendiums, and other official European and stakeholder publications, the European Commission Erasmus+ Project Results Platform. As a result, 515 sport-related projects were identified. Applying secondary selection criteria related to disabilities and sports led to 41 projects focusing on inclusion. Development of inclusive sport policy and supporting the inclusion of persons with disabilities in sports is a long-standing demand, and a great amount of expectations are linked with Erasmus+ Sport. Despite being a funding mechanism, the Program provides an opportunity for the implementation of priorities identified in the Work Plan for Sport. Participation in projects provides opportunities for sports organizations to implement the latest European policies aligned with different aspects regarding the rights of persons with disabilities associated with sports.
POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION AT NATIONAL SPORTS ACADEMY “VASSIL LEVSKI”– RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Tzolov Bisser , Haralampieva Aleksandra ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Gencheva - Vasileva Aleksandra ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT An important element in the system of educational and scientific activity of the National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski” is the Postgraduate education. This is dictated by both the mission and educational traditions of the Academy, as well as by the needs of Bulgarian society and the legal framework in higher education. The purpose of the study is to make a retrospective analysis of the Postgraduate studies at NSA “Vassil Levski”. The analysis was made by studying historical information included in different reports, Educational-Scientific Council’s minutes of meetings, memo reports, references with statistical data, regulatory documents, questionnaires and other documentary sources. Part of the collected data is subject to quantitative analysis and expert-analytical evaluation and summery. In the retrospective analysis, the Postgraduate studies at the Academy are differentiated into three stages through the prism of political, economic, legal and educational features over time. Some strategic goals, structural units, types and forms of Postgraduate studies are characterized and this is supported by information about the specializations and courses conducted over the years. The overall analysis, revealing the stages and the trends in the development of Postgraduate education provides opportunities through additional research to derive main perspectives that will serve to make strategic decisions for its expansion and improvement at NSA “Vassil Levski”.
TEACHERS’ BEHAVIOR AND STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Masurska Stefana , Vladova Ina ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate students’ opinions (Grades VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI) regarding discipline in PE and sports lessons and whether it is influenced by the personality, professional qualities, and behavior of their PE teachers. We expected the results to provide information regarding students’ discipline from their point of view. The study subjects were 209 students from 4 schools in the cities of Sofia (n=70) and Smolyan (n=139), Bulgaria. Of these, 58. 4% (n=122) were girls and 41. 6% (n=87) were boys, with 28.7% having a female teacher and the remaining students (n=149) conducted their PE lessons with a male teacher. Survey forms and questionnaires were prepared for the students to realize the objective and collect empirical information on the problem. The first subscale contained ten items the surveyed students used to rate their PE teacher (α= .738). The subjects’ responses are reflected in a 5-point scale, The Likert Scale type, and indicate the frequency with which the students observe certain behaviors from the teachers. For each listed antecedent, there are two groups of dichotomous closed-ended questions based on alternative choices, YES and NO. The results were processed with mathematical and statistical methods of quantitative processing and analysis: frequency and variance and comparative analysis (Mann-Whitney) - for independent variables, according to a validated statistical procedure - using the statistical program “SPSS 21 for Windows”. Ensuring good discipline in lessons depends on the professional skills of sports educators. Statistically, significant differences were observed in some of the indicators. Good discipline is helped by the teacher’s rigor and good attitude towards the students. The teacher’s friendly attitude, understanding, and support towards the students help to maintain better discipline in the lessons.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION ONLINE TEACHING MODEL IN SCHOOL EDUCATION SETTINGS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Bellova Enis , Mileva Eleonora ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Blending learning is a teaching method due to a combination of tradition teaching method combine will information technology communication. The COVID-19 pandemic gave us the possibility to increase the use of this new method to deliver physical education lessons. The purpose of this literature review is to gather information on the advantages or disadvantages of using physical education online teaching model. The collection of literature studies was carried out using a database search tool using keywords such as: COVID-19 pandemic, physical education lesson, teacher perception, blending learning disadvantages. From the research conducted, 45 research articles were identified. In the second phase of the research, the key words were added: motivation and perception. At this final search a total of 10 scientific articles were identified, where it was used in this literature review. Results from this literature review show that physical education online teaching method has a lot of benefits in managing PE classes. The results from this review show that there is no a unique consensus about the percentage of advantage or disadvantages using this PE online teaching method. This method although has a lot of benefits more research finding are needed about the level of self-motivation as from teacher and from students.
A GLANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER’S SATISFACTION WITH THEIR PROFESSION IN ALBANIA
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Muca Florian
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Recognizably the teachers’ profession is important in shaping the knowledge and skills of youth. At equal importance is teachers’ satisfaction and motivation related to their professional activity for overall quality outcomes in the education process. Certainly, in the past, also in the modern time, the teachers’ role is incredibly significant and linked to the prosperity of a nation. The aim of this study was to take a glance in Physical Education (PE) Teachers’ satisfaction in relation with their professional activity. Participants in this research study were (N=88) PE teachers from various levels of professional qualification, who led classes in physical education and sports in the Albanian school system. A modified questionnaire with 22 items related to satisfaction with the teaching profession was applied. The statistical instruments for this study were: descriptive analysis, factor analysis principal component analysis. The following five factors related to the satisfaction of the profession were identified: (a) professional relations, (b) professional development and educational reforms, (c)organization working conditions, (d) social working conditions, (e) salary, and insurance. The items with the highest values were: - professional relations with colleagues, professional relations with school management, evaluation of school management at work, and opportunities to participate in the education and personal development of youth. In contrast, the items with the lowest values were the amount of payment, working conditions and facilities for educational activity, reforms in education, social and health insurance. This study found that factors related to internal educational setting and professional environment have the greatest impact on teachers’ satisfaction. On the other hand, external factors contribute to teachers’ dissatisfaction such as salary, health insurance, working conditions, facilities, and reforms in education.
THE BENEFITS OF THE COURSES IN SNOW SPORTS FOR THE STUDENTS OF THE NATIONAL SPORTS ACADEMY „VASSIL LEVSKI“
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Todorov Deyan , Simeonov Svetoslav ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Iankov Petar ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The National Sports Academy “V. Levski” – the sports university of Bulgaria, has almost 80 years of history and state accreditation for the education of coaches in more than 76 sports, physical education teachers, kinesitherapy, and sport animation specialists. The course program includes a total of 12 hours of lectures, and 5 hours of practical seminars per day every day. The aim of our research was to study the influence of the “Snow Sports” course on the students from the National Sports Academy “V. Levski”, in terms of its social, psychological, physiological, training, and educational impact. Results: The research includes an inquiry with students who had already completed their education in the “Snow Sports” course, aged between 19 - 25. The greater part of them had no preliminary experience in Snow Sports, and they made their first steps in skiing and snowboarding at the course. However, after finishing the course, a great number of them chose to continue with additional education in snow sports. The students gave a positive self-evaluation of their physical and mental health after the end of the course, and they reported an improvement in their general well-being. The study also takes into account the acquired knowledge and skills in snow sports, in safety rules, and in environmental protection requirements. As a result, students gain confidence that they have developed new training and leadership qualities, giving them the opportunity to practice another new profession. On the basis of these results, we have reasons to assume, that this form of education in snow sports has a multi-aspectual impact on the students. This assumption strengthens our conviction, that snow sports could have a wide application, not only in the education and training of young people but also in their socialization.
SUCCESS RATE OF NSA STUDENTS IN THE ATTENDANCE AND ONLINE BASKETBALL EXAMS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Brestnichki Georgi , Borukova Mariana ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT After the declared state of emergency in Bulgaria and the world because of the Covid-19 pandemic, from the 2019/2020 school year, the students from the National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski” went into an online form of teaching in the platform of the university, where the semester exams were also conducted. The basketball exam includes a test of 20 closed questions. However, students from the Faculty of Pedagogy also take an exam on the Methodology of Teaching in writing and oral form. Still, during the pandemic, this exam was also adapted to a test form of 20 questions with closed questions. This study aims to establish and compare the success rate of students in taking a basketball exam in attendance and online forms. Methodology of the study: the “e-student” provided us with the marks of the students from the attendance form of the exams, and the distance learning platform has been used for gaining the marks of the students from the online exam. The subject of the study is the success of the students taking the basketball exam. The evaluation marks are the subject of research. The results of 1428 students from the faculty of sport and 548 from the faculty of pedagogy were examined. The methods applied to realize the study’s goal and tasks are: overview study of specialized literature, analysis, synthesis, and comparison. Math-statistical results of the study were processed with SPSS 23 using frequency analysis and comparative analysis with the Student’s t-test for independent samples and dispersion analyses. The results showed that students received a lower average score when taking a basketball exam online than on the attendance test. We can summarize that few students are willing to study, make an effort, and receive higher grades in attendance and online environments, while the majority of them just want to pass the exam.
TRANSLATION COMPETENCE IN THE SPECIALIZED LANGUAGE COURSES FOR SPORTS STUDENTS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Hristakieva Tatiana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction. International activities in physical education, sport, and kinesitherapy are connected with the translation of materials or oral interpretation. Translation is considered the art of choosing the right words to transfer information from one language to another (Steiner, 1998). Translation of specialized materials requires language skills and knowledge in the respective field (Grego, 2010). Sports students often use materials or have contacts with colleagues from other countries – at training camps, competitions, conferences, etc. Translation competence is an important part of their education and professional development. Methods. The research aimed to establish how students from the National Sports Academy “V. Levski” deal with translation and oral interpretation in their fields - physical education, sport, or kinesitherapy, and whether they would like to have more translation and interpretation activities as part of their specialized language courses at the Academy. The subjects of the study were 44 students from the three faculties of the Academy. A survey was conducted at the end of the spring term of 2021-2022. The subjects completed a questionnaire with 11 closed-ended questions. Survey data were processed with alternative analysis and a chi-square test (x²). Results and discussion. The acquired results show that more than half of the respondents need to translate documents or written materials. 68% of them rely on their own language skills. 63% also use translation tools and services but do not find them very reliable. Most of them would like to have more translation tasks and interpretation exercises as part of their language courses at the Academy. Conclusions. The study results show that sports students need to improve their competence in translation and interpretation in their field of specialization, and the language courses at the Academy should try to offer more opportunities for that.
ATTITUDE OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN BULGARIA TO ACADEMIC DISHONESTY BEHAVIOR
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Mileva Eleonora , Chernev Vladimir ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Academic dishonesty refers to committing or contributing to dishonest acts by those engaged in teaching, learning, research, and related academic activities, and it concerns not just students, but everyone in the academic environment. Academic dishonesty could take many forms, which could be broadly classified as cheating, plagiarism, falsification, and sabotage. Academic dishonesty could have very negative effects on higher education. Consequently, it could cause serious problems unless specialists utilize measures to detect and prevent it. Students’ attitudes are a major factor influencing academic dishonesty. The aim of the research was to study the attitude of young people in Bulgaria toward academic dishonesty behavior. The subjects of the study were 299 Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral degree students from different Bulgarian universities. 203 (67,9%) respondents were female and 96 (32.1%) were male. The main method used was the Academic Dishonesty Scale (Bolin, 2004). It consisted of 10 items to measure engagement in academically dishonest behavior. Cronbach’s Alpha, factor and variation analysis, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wal-lis criteria were used for statistical data processing. The test showed very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = .907). The analysis of the results established a relatively low level of attitudes toward academic dishonesty behavior of the young people in the country. The sex indicator revealed differences in the individual items of the test (Mann-Whitney test, p < .05). Attitudes toward dishonest academic behavior among students at Bulgarian universities were not clearly expressed. It should be noted that the study involved students from different types of universities and this determined the specifics of the results obtained.
KINESITHERAPY STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Zsheliaskova-Koynova Zshivka , Hristakieva Tatiana ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Students’ satisfaction is a major issue in a language learning course. The main task of the specialized English course for kinesitherapy students is to provide language knowledge and skills, and stimulate oral production, using interactive learning techniques, reading and listening materials on human anatomy, and health care for students’ future careers. Methods: The aim of the research was to study students’ satisfaction with the specialized English course held during the Covid-19 pandemic (spring semester, academic 2021-2022). The subjects were 51 students from the Faculty of Public Health, Health Care, Kinesitherapy and Tourism at the National Sports Academy “V. Levski”. They completed anonymously a Questionnaire of Student Satisfaction with Speaking Classes (Asakereh, Dehghannezhad, 2015), consisting of 6 scales: Linguistic related items; Psychology related items; Socially related items; Course book related items; Instructor related items and Educational system and facilities-related items. A 5-point Likert-type scale was used for evaluation of students’ satisfaction. Students also completed a survey, including questions about their gender; age; type of high school they finished; preference for the type of education (online, face-to-face or blended). Results and discussion: The results indicate that student’s satisfaction with the English course was high, irrespective of gender or age. Students from language or science schools were less satisfied by language communication with their colleagues, compared to students from other schools (t50=2.39, p=.021). Most students prefer face-to-face education (54.9 %), least prefer online education (13.7%) and about one third prefer blended education (31.4%). Conclusion: The results of the study show that students need to communicate directly in person on professional topics, and that learning specialized terminology is useful and important to them.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH STATUS OF 8-19-YEAR OLD GIRLS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Bonova Iveta , Mileva Eleonora ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Kolimechkov Stefan ,   STK Sport, London, United Kingdom
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Factors influencing health and well-being of children and adolescents are related to their morphological characteristics and health status. Anthropometric and morphological parameters correlate with children’s health, well-being, physical activity, and self-esteem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors with the most significant impact on the body composition and health status and to evaluate overweight and obesity levels of girls and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 19 by using WHO references. This study included 202 girls with a mean age of 12.1 ± 3.5 years, mean height of 150.1 ± 15.0 cm, and mean BMI of 18.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2. All of the participants were assessed by using the InBody120 body composition analyzer. Principal component factor analysis, using body height as a selection variable, was used in order to determine the main factors related to health status of children and adolescents. The factor analysis identified three main factors: (1) anthropometric parameters of obesity; (2) morphological characteristics; (3) age and metabolism. In conclusion, the anthropometric parameters of obesity had the most significant impact on the analyses of the body composition and health status in children and adolescents.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN STUDENTS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Petkova Petya , Hristov Oleg ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Peev Petar ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Petrova Borislava ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Zdravcheva Milena ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Andonov Hristo ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Aleksandrova Velichka ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT According to the World health organization (WHO), physical activity is the basis of healthy living. Most of these topics are made through questionnaires that express the inner feeling of the participant without data that can direct any norms for that activity. WHO has suggestions for children‘s physical activity, but there is not enough empirical data about children‘s physical activity in Bulgaria. All of the mentioned things above lead us to the aim of the study to determine the physical activity parameters in students in Bulgaria. The tasks of the research are 1) The determination of the physical activity of Bulgarian students (boys and girls) made daily; 2) The determination of the health status (physical development) of the Bulgarian students. Methods: The main research methods include anthropometry with segmental body analysis and an accelerometer. We used anthropometric indicators: Weight, height, BMI, Body mass %, body mass, and Muscle mass Weight, and from accelerometers, we used MET threshold units to determine the levels of physical activity. The study group contains 215 students that study in Sofia municipality. The investigated students are separated into three sub-groups based on their current study grade. Results: On average Bulgarian students gain Weight and get taller with growing up. BMI and Muscle mass increases with age for the boys, but BF percentage decreases. Whereas in girls, BMI decreases with no apparent trend of BF, but muscle mass increases and this may be due to puberty., and that may be due to puberty. The parameters of the physical activity are interesting because they are unique in Bulgarian science data. As an overall trend for boys and girls, we could observe that the average sitting time increases, but all of the other parameters decrease. That means that with aging Bulgarian children have less activity as a total. Conclusion: Based on the current data, Bulgarian students are less active with aging but somehow manage to keep a normal BMI.
STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MOTOR ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL BOYS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Traykova Tsveta
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The study of the interrelationship and interdependencies between the children motor abilities is of particular importance for the selection and application of an effective methodology for their development and improvement. The purpose of the study was to establish the dynamics of the degree and character of the relationship between the motor abilities of preschool boys as a result of the application of an experimental physical culture educational program. Methods of study: theoretical analysis, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, statistical methods. A total of 62 boys from the 3rd and 4th age groups participated in the experiment. They were tested twice with 11 motor tests. Results: Most of the recorded correlations between the motor abilities of boys in the 3rd age group were low and statistically insignificant. In the initial study 8 significant moderate correlations were found between them and in the second one only 1, as well as 3 significant correlations. In the 4th age group more statistically reliable relationships between the motor abilities in both studies were registered - 15 moderate and 7 significant correlations at the beginning of the experiment and at the end, respectively, their number was 21 and 7. From the correlation analysis we can make the following conclusion: at the beginning of the experiment in both age groups of boys dominated moderate and statistically reliable correlations between motor abilities, while at the end the number of statistically significant relationships in the 3rd boy group IS decreased (4 in total) while in the group of the bigger boys an increase of the significant correlations was registered (28 in total). So as age increases and a purposeful physical activity program is implemented a positive transfer between the motor abilities of preschool boys is observed.
DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR QUALITY SPEED IN 12 – 15-YEAR-OLD GIRLS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Naydenova Korneliya , Nancheva Dilyana ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The development of motor abilities is a permanent physical education task. Its undertaking ensures the formation and further development of several physical and individual qualities, which are a prerequisite for students acquiring the skills necessary for sustainable self-improvement and leading a healthy lifestyle. Completing this task requires knowledge of the changes and peculiarities in the manifestation of motor abilities, which in turn requires continuous monitoring of the peculiarities in the manifestation of motor abilities to improve the methodology, means, and modes of their development. Based on the above statements, the dynamics in the manifestation of motor quality speed in girls between 12 and 15 years old were set out to be studied. To achieve the aim, the following tasks were set: 1. Research the problem based on literature sources. 2. Testing with 30-meter-race test of the 12 – 15 years old schoolgirls. 3. Analysis of testing results and identification of the peculiarities in the dynamics of manifestation of speed. The test results were processed through the SPSS v. 20 software product. The resulting data was analyzed statistically by variance and comparative analysis. After processing and analyzing the study results, many changes in the speed performance of 12-15 years old schoolgirls were found. As essential in this direction are the changes within a school year, which allow recommendations for the work of the Physical Education and Sports teachers to be made.
MOBILE GAMES AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING MOTOR QUALITIES IN TENNIS TRAINING
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Mavrudiev Petko
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT In many methods in different sports, mobile games are used to improve the motor abilities of adolescents. We have developed and tested a methodology based on mobile games in tennis training. The study aims to optimize the physical preparation of the 10 years old boys who are training tennis in school in an extracurricular form of education through the tools of the moving games. The оbject of study are 40 boys, 10 years old (3rd grade) divided into two groups of 20 children - experimental and control. The subject of the study are the signs of physical development and motor skills. To establish the effectiveness of the applied methodology, testing was carried out twice with all participants in the study (at the beginning and the end of the experimental period) on six tests, two physical development indicators, and BMI. The results were subjected to mathematical and statistical processing by Variation analysis, Comparative t-criterion of Student, BMI. The analysis of the results shows that, at the end of the experiment, the experimental group has higher achievements in all studied indicators. Unlike the first test, however, in which there were insignificant differences between the two groups in the level of development of the studied traits, in the second test - the ratio changed in favor of the experimental group. It can be argued with a high guarantee probability that the specific work with the means of mobile games applied by us has led to a significant increase in the level of development of the boys in the experimental group speed endurance, the explosive force of the lower limbs, both in vertical and horizontal efforts. As the main conclusion of the study, we could conclude that the experiment, through the means of mobile games in general, has positively influenced the development of basic motor skills, physical ability, and health status of students.
STRUCTURAL SPECIFICS OF THE PHYSICAL ABILITY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Marinov Todor
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Physical ability is a key indicator of the quality of the educational process at sports in schools. It is the subject of multiple publications, where the information analyzed by experts is used as the basis for tracking the quantitative changes in the development of motor qualities. Not much attention is given to determining its structure, which is defined by the interrelations when its specific qualities are manifested. The changes of the pre-determination of the motor qualities as a result of applying existing methodologies are not being analyzed. This, however, is of great interest to practice, since determining the structure of physical ability can provide for more precise planning of the process for the physical preparation of a lesson. The purpose of the study is to define the structural specifics of physical ability of secondary school students. To achieve this goal, a group of 581 students from 4th, 7th, and 12th grade (the grade levels of elementary, middle school and high school completion) was studied. The analysis of the results aims to reveal the interconnections between motor qualities, as the relationships observed reflect the effect of the subject content mastered by the students as this is defined by the state educational standards. It was observed that speed is the most informative indicator of the structure of physical ability among students from 1st grade to 7th grade, and the strength of the lower limbs is the most indicative indicator for students from 8th to 12th grade. Female students from the primary and secondary levels of education have a more harmonious structure of physical ability in comparison with the one of male students. The interconnections revealed lead to the creating specific methodological recommendations for the physical preparation of lessons for each educational stage.
EFFICIENCY OF SPORTS GAMES TRAINING FOR 12 AND 13-YEAR OLD STUDENTS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Gruev Stanislav
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Training in physical ability, the development of motoric qualities and the formation of knowledge in sports are fundamental educational components of the subject of Sports Education. Interrupting their unity and interconnection may be considered as the cause for the lower levels of motoric activity in schools. A suitable program in sports games, through its complex effects and emotional impact may contribute to alleviating this problem. The goal is to develop and approbate a methodology that improves the training in football and volleyball for 12 and 13-year-old students, which relies on general learning about sports, coordination training, game drills, and education through playing the games. The specifics of the program focus on mastering the gamers components in a dynamic environment, varying conditions, physical training, a positive emotional atmosphere, and applying the game approach. The pedagogical experiment was carried out for the duration of two semesters with 98 male and female students from the sixth grade. The data from the sports and pedagogical testing was processed by mathematical and statistical methods and expert conclusions were drawn on the specifics of the inclusion of football and volleyball games. The results indicate the presence of a positive change in the motoric qualities and technical skills during the experimental games, which results from the methodology used and the active participation on behalf of the students. The assessment results in game condition reflect the positive effect of the game method.
LONGITUDINALLY RESEARCH ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 10-14 YEARS OLD FEMALE PUPILS
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Radkova Iva , Naydenova Kornelia ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Physical education is focused on the development of the essential qualities of pupils which is at the base of the learning process in Physical Education. This process requires the observation of changes within the limit of boundaries and other qualities, which is one of the main testimonials of a teacher. Another possibility is that allows observation in the changes of the essential qualities and provides improvements and updating the approach and methods of developing the above-mentioned qualities. In this process, we set a goal for the current research which follows the changes that apply to the essential qualities as a main point of physical education on 10-14 years old pupils for a four-year period. In order to achieve those goals, here are the following steps that needs to be considered: 1. Issue research in literature resources. 2. Apply a sport pedagogy tests. 3. Analise and interpretation of the test results. We have tested a group of pupils based on the system for assessing the physical fitness for students from first grade to twelfth grade on Miladinov and colleagues. This test took place in the following years 2018/19 and 2021/22. The collected results were processed via SPSS software v.19. The data analysis was based on a variety of comparing analyses. The result of the above-mentioned research shows some changes within the five essential qualities among pupils of the same age. Based on the research, we were able to establish some recommendations to improve the methods of developing essential qualities of pupils’ same age.
FINANCING OF ELITE BULGARIAN SPORT
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Dasheva Daniela , Andonov Hristo ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Konchev Mihail ,   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The achievement of international and mainly Olympic sporting success is increasingly vital to a country with a well-developed sport system. The number of medals won in Olympics Games and, other international sports competitions offer the most self-evident and transparent measure of success in high-performance sport. Increasing competition between nations to succeed in international sporting events also leads to increased financial investments in elite sports from state sources. Many countries invest in sports in which they have built traditions of success or are their social capital. In this article, the theoretical framework assumes that nations that give priority to the financing of certain sports improve the efficiency of the allocation of funds. The purpose of this study is to identify the indicators (criteria) for financial support of elite Bulgarian sports and answer the following questions: (1) whether and to what extent it is necessary to prioritize the financing of sports in Bulgaria; (2) if it is a guarantee of success; (3) and which are the sports that are given the highest priority. The technique of the coefficient of concentration or the share of funding allocated to the four most funded sports within this Olympic cycle was used. In 2021, 46 sports were funded, of which 33 were Olympic and 13 non-Olympic, with a budget of 27.459 million. The data collected show that the first four federations receive about 33.3% of the total budget share for the year — the next four -24.125%. So, the first eight funding proposals receive about 60% (59.175%) of the MMC’s total budget, the remaining -40%. Establishing the link between performance (sports performance) and the country’s policy on sports funding is a rather ambitious task. International sporting success in both summer and winter Olympic sports is primarily determined by factors that cannot be controlled solely by a country’s sporting policy, which makes success relatively relative.
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF MIGRANT SPORTS PROFESSIONALS IN BULGARIA
Authors:   National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Solinas Roberto
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Sports individuals encounter different problems when they migrate and have difficulty adjusting since they run into restrictive policies and rules that differ from their own country. Careers in sports and related fields, such as coaches and trainers, are also affected by the same concerns. These gaps can be addressed through the “Education through Sports” (ETS) methodology. This methodology can enhance the managerial skills of sports managers, coaches, and trainers. However, this methodology has not been tested among migrants in Bulgaria. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and skills of migrant sports professionals in Bulgaria and determine the trainers’ expertise. It also assessed the effectiveness of “Education through Sport” as a new methodology. The quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Paired sample T-test was used to determine whether the ETS program enhanced the migrants’ level of knowledge and skills. ANOVA was utilized to determine the significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. The Mean was used to determine the level of knowledge and skills using the 5-point Likert scale. Standard deviation was also used to determine the variations in the participants’ responses. After the intervention, a significant difference was computed between the respondents’ knowledge and skills, p = .000. This means that the ETS methodology was effective in developing the knowledge and skills of migrants, providing a solution to their under-representation in leadership roles. Trainers providing the ETS program also showed a high level of expertise resulting in the effective acquisition of knowledge and skills. This methodology should be continuously used as a strategy to advance sports management skills among migrants in Bulgaria and other parts of Europe.