bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving short-term retention after robotic training by leveraging fixed-gain controllers
Authors: Losey Dylan P , Blumenschein Laura H , Clark Janelle P , O’Malley Marcia K
Published: September 2019

Introduction

When developing control strategies for robotic rehabilitation, it is important that end-users who train with those strategies retain what they learn. Within the current state-of-the-art, however, it remains unclear what types of robotic controllers are best suited for promoting retention. In this work, we experimentally compare short-term retention in able-bodied end-users after training with two common types of robotic control strategies: fixed- and variable-gain controllers.

Methods

Our approach is based on recent motor learning research, where reward signals are employed to reinforce the learning process. We extend this approach to now include robotic controllers, so that participants are trained with a robotic control strategy and auditory reward-based reinforcement on tasks of different difficulty. We then explore retention after the robotic feedback is removed.

Results

Overall, our results indicate that fixed-gain control strategies better stabilize able-bodied users’ motor adaptation than either a no controller baseline or variable-gain strategy. When breaking these results down by task difficulty, we find that assistive and resistive fixed-gain controllers lead to better short-term retention on less challenging tasks but have opposite effects on the learning and forgetting rates.

Conclusions

This suggests that we can improve short-term retention after robotic training with consistent controllers that match the task difficulty.
Movement and Gaze Behavior in Virtual Audiovisual Listening Environments Resembling Everyday Life
Authors: Hendrikse Maartje M. E. , Llorach Gerard , Hohmann Volker , Grimm Giso
Published: September 2019

Recent achievements in hearing aid development, such as visually guided hearing aids, make it increasingly important to study movement behavior in everyday situations in order to develop test methods and evaluate hearing aid performance. In this work, audiovisual virtual environments (VEs) were designed for communication conditions in a living room, a lecture hall, a cafeteria, a train station, and a street environment. Movement behavior (head movement, gaze direction, and torso rotation) and electroencephalography signals were measured in these VEs in the laboratory for 22 younger normal-hearing participants and 19 older normal-hearing participants. These data establish a reference for future studies that will investigate the movement behavior of hearing-impaired listeners and hearing aid users for comparison. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the subjective experience in the VEs. A test–retest comparison showed that the measured movement behavior is reproducible and that the measures of movement behavior used in this study are reliable. Moreover, evaluation of the questionnaires indicated that the VEs are sufficiently realistic. The participants rated the experienced acoustic realism of the VEs positively, and although the rating of the experienced visual realism was lower, the participants felt to some extent present and involved in the VEs. Analysis of the movement data showed that movement behavior depends on the VE and the age of the subject and is predictable in multitalker conversations and for moving distractors. The VEs and a database of the collected data are publicly available.
Suz12 inactivation cooperates with JAK3 mutant signaling in the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Broux Michael , Prieto Cristina , Demeyer Sofie , Vanden Bempt Marlies , Alberti-Servera Llucia , Lodewijckx Inge , Vandepoel Roel , Mentens Nicole , Gielen Olga , Jacobs Kris , Geerdens Ellen , Vicente Carmen , de Bock Charles E. , Cools Jan
Published: September 2019

Key Points

Suz12 inactivation cooperates with JAK3 mutant signaling to drive T-ALL development. JAK3/Suz12 mutant leukemia cells show increased sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR, VEGF receptor, and HSP90 inhibitors.
The role of prenatal stress as a pathway to personality disorder: longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Brannigan Ross , Tanskanen Antti , Huttunen Matti O. , Cannon Mary , Leacy Finbarr P. , Clarke Mary C.
Published: September 2019

Background

Many studies have reported associations between prenatal stress and the development of psychotic, anxiety and depressive disorders; however, to date no studies have investigated potential associations with personality disorders.

Aims

This study investigated potential associations between exposure to prenatal stress and personality disorder in offspring.

Method

In a subsample (N = 3626) of a large Finnish birth cohort, we used logistic regression models to examine associations between self-reported maternal stress during pregnancy, collected monthly during antenatal clinic appointments, and personality disorder in offspring. Familial and outcome information were obtained by linking data from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish Population Register.

Results

Compared with those unexposed, children exposed to any maternal stress during gestation had three times the odds of developing a personality disorder (odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.59–4.80, P = 0.000). Those exposed to moderate stress had three times the odds (odds ratio 3.13, 95% CI 1.42–6.88, P = 0.005) and those exposed to severe stress had seven times the odds (odds ratio 7.06, 95% CI 2.10–23.81, P = 0.002) of developing a personality disorder. These associations remained after adjusting for parental psychiatric history, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, prenatal smoking and antenatal depression.*

Conclusions

Exposure to stress during gestation increases the odds of personality disorder in offspring, independent of other psychiatric disorders. These results suggest the assessment of maternal stress and well-being during pregnancy may be useful in identifying those at greatest risk of developing personality disorder, and highlight the importance of prenatal care for good maternal mental health during pregnancy.
Modeling hematopoietic disorders in zebrafish
Authors: Konantz Martina , Schürch Christoph , Hanns Pauline , Müller Joëlle S. , Sauteur Loïc , Lengerke Claudia
Published: September 2019

Zebrafish offer a powerful vertebrate model for studies of development and disease. The major advantages of this model include the possibilities of conducting reverse and forward genetic screens and of observing cellular processes by in vivo imaging of single cells. Moreover, pathways regulating blood development are highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and several discoveries made in fish were later translated to murine and human models. This review and accompanying poster provide an overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis and discuss the existing zebrafish models of blood disorders, such as myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes and immunodeficiencies, with a focus on how these models were generated and how they can be applied for translational research.
Divergent mechanisms for regulating growth and development after imaginal disc damage in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta
Authors: Rosero Manuel A. , Abdon Benedict , Silva Nicholas J. , Cisneros Larios Brenda , Zavaleta Jhony A. , Makunts Tigran , Chang Ernest S. , Bashar S. Janna , Ramos Louie S. , Moffatt Christopher A. , Fuse Megumi
Published: September 2019

Holometabolous insects have been able to radiate to vast ecological niches as adults through the evolution of adult-specific structures such as wings, antennae and eyes. These structures arise from imaginal discs that show regenerative capacity when damaged. During imaginal disc regeneration, development has been shown to be delayed in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, but how conserved the delay-inducing mechanisms are across holometabolous insects has not been assessed. The goal of this research was to develop the hornworm, Manduca sexta, as an alternative model organism to study such damage-induced mechanisms, with the advantage of a larger hemolymph volume enabling access to the hormonal responses to imaginal disc damage. Upon whole-body x-ray exposure, we noted that the imaginal discs were selectively damaged, as assessed by TUNEL and acridine orange stains. Moreover, development was delayed, predominantly at the pupal-to-adult transition, with a concomitant delay in the prepupal ecdysteroid peak. The delays to eclosion were dose-dependent, with some ability for repair of damaged tissues. We noted a shift in critical weight, as assessed by the point at which starvation no longer impacted developmental timing, without a change in growth rate, which was uncoupled from juvenile hormone clearance in the body. The developmental profile was different from Drosophila melanogaster, which suggests species differences may exist in the mechanisms delaying development.
Rat bone properties and their relationship to gait during growth
Authors: Song Hyunggwi , Polk John D. , Kersh Mariana E.
Published: September 2019

Allometric relationships have been queried over orders of mammals to understand how bone accommodates the mechanical demands associated with increasing mass. However, less attention has been given to the scaling of bone within a single lifetime. We aimed to determine how bone morphology and tissue density are related to (1) bending and compressive strength, and (2) gait dynamics. Longitudinal in vivo computed tomography of the hindlimbs and gait data were collected from female rats (n=5, age 8 - 20 weeks). Cross sectional properties and tissue density were measured at the diaphysis, distal, and proximal regions of the tibia and scaling exponents were calculated. Finite element models of the tibia were used to simulate loading during walking using joint forces from inverse dynamics calculation to determine the strain energy density (SED) and longitudinal strain at the midshaft. Second moment of area at the diaphysis followed strain similarity based allometry, while bone area trended towards positive allometry. Strain energy in the diaphysis under transverse loading was lower than axial loading throughout growth. While both axial and transverse loading resulted in bending, tensile strains were mitigated by a change in the neutral axis and resulted in overall lower longitudinal tensile strains. The tissue density and cross-sectional properties initially increased and converged by 11 weeks of age and were correlated with changes in ground reaction forces. The scaling analyses imply that rodent tibia is (re)modeled in order to sustain bending at the midshaft during growth. The finite element results and relatively constant density after 10 weeks of age indicate that structural parameters may be the primary determinant of bone strength in the growing rodent tibia. The correlations between bone properties and joint angles imply that the changes in posture may affect bone growth in specific regions. Data for this work are available at uitbl.mechse.illinois.edu/downloads.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mediates the Associations between Exercise, Aging, and Glucose Regulation
Authors: LEE SHUEN YEE , BURNS STEPHEN F. , NG KENNETH K. C. , STENSEL DAVID J. , ZHONG LIANG , TAN FRANKIE H. Y. , CHIA KAR LING , FAM KAI DENG , YAP MARGARET M. C. , YEO KWEE POO , YAP ERIC P. H. , LIM CHIN LEONG
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Aging increases the prevalence of glucose intolerance, but exercise improves glucose homeostasis. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)–adiponectin axis helps regulate glucose metabolism. However, the role of FGF21 in mediating glucose metabolism with aging and exercise remains unknown.

Purpose

This study examined whether FGF21 responses to a glucose challenge are associated with habitual exercise, aging and glucose regulation.

Methods

Eighty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were assigned to young sedentary and active (≤36 yr, n = 20 each group) and older sedentary and active (≥45 yr, n = 20 each group) groups. Fasted and postprandial blood glucose concentration and plasma concentration of insulin, FGF21, and adiponectin were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results

During the OGTT, glucose concentrations were 9% higher (P = 0.008) and FGF21 concentrations were 58% higher (P = 0.014) in the older than the younger group, independent of activity status. Active participants had 40% lower insulin concentration and 53% lower FGF21 concentration than sedentary participants, independent of age (all P < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration during the OGTT did not differ by age (P = 0.448) or activity status (P = 0.611). Within the younger group, postprandial glucose, insulin and FGF21 concentrations during the OGTT were lower in active than in sedentary participants. In the older group, only postprandial insulin and FGF21 concentrations were lower in active participants.

Conclusions

FGF21, but not adiponectin, response during the OGTT is higher in older than younger adults and lower in active than sedentary individuals. Exercise-associated reduction in OGTT glucose concentrations was observed in younger but not older adults.
Legal aspects of accounting: theoretical foundations and practical implementation
Authors: Акатьева Марина , Akateva Marina
Published: September 2019

This monographic study is devoted to one of the most pressing problems of the rule of law - to determine the nature and forms of interaction of accounting and legal aspects in the accounting of economic entities. The essential elements of accounting and its methodology, the features of legal analysis of the facts of economic life, the specifics of the practical implementation of professional competences of accounting and legal nature are considered. Considerable attention is paid to determining the impact of risks on the implementation of accounting, its organization and improvement.
For researchers, specialists of accounting and economic profile, other specialists, as well as graduate students and students.
A Salesforce-Driven Model of Consumer Choice
Authors: Yang Bicheng , Chan Tat , Thomadsen Raphael
Published: September 2019

This paper studies how salespeople affect the choices of which products consumers choose, and from that, how a firm should set optimal commissions as a function of the appeal, substitutability, and profit margins of different products. We also examine whether firms are better off promoting products through sales incentives or price discounts. To achieve these goals, we develop a salesforce-driven consumer choice model to study how performance-based commissions incentivize a salesperson’s service effort toward heterogeneous, substitutable products carried by a firm. The model treats the selling process as a joint decision by the salesperson and the consumer. It allows the salesperson’s efforts to vary across different transactions, depending on the unique preferences of each consumer, and incorporates the effects of commissions and other marketing mix elements on the selling outcome in a unified framework. We estimate the model using data from a car dealership. We find that the optimal commissions should be lower for popular items and for items that are closer substitutes with other products. We also find that for the car industry we study, the cost of selling more cars using sales incentives is cheaper than the cost of selling the same number of cars using price discounts.
Microplastic Pollution in the Ambient Air of Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Syafei Arie Dipareza , Nurasrin Nurul Rizki , Assomadi Abdu Fadli , Boedisantoso Rachmat
Published: September 2019

Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 mm in length. Microplastics in the air can be ingested and inhaled by humans. In this work, three sites in a roadside area were investigated for microplastics. Air samples were obtained by sucking air at these three sites into a stainless steel funnel with a vacuum pump. The air went through a filter media to retain any particles, which were then collected and observed with a digital microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) testing. A diversity of microplastic shapes were identified at the sites, including fibres, fragments and films. Pellets were not found at any sites, and fibre was the dominant microplastic shape. The highest microplastic was found in the study site with high traffic volume than at sites with low traffic volume. Microplastic on Urip Sumoharjo street (225,087 units/day) as many as 174.97 particles/m3 and 130.50 particles/m3, Mayjend Sungkono street (132,066 units/day) as many as 131.75 particles/m3 and 68.36 particles/m3, and Embong Malang street (98,017 units/day) as much 94.69 particles/m3 and 55.93 particles/m3. Microplastics from different polymers, such as polyethene terephthalate (PET), polyester and cellophane, were identified. Thus, dust emissions and depositions in the air, on land surfaces, and in aquatic environments are associated with microplastic transportation.
An Investigation on the Possible Radioactive Contamination of Environment during a Steam-Line Break Accident in a VVER-1200 Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Khan Abid Hossain , Ghosh Angkush Kumar , Rahman Md Sumon , Ahmed S M Tazim , Karmakar C L
Published: September 2019

In this work, the possibility of contamination of environment by radioactive elements due to a steam-line break accident has been investigated for a VVER-1200 type nuclear power plant. Personal Computer Transient Analyzer (PCTRAN) has been used to generate the response data of the plant safety systems numerically for an accidental condition like such. A break of 1000 cm2 in the A-loop of the steam line has been considered. A break of the size is considered a “Large Break”, which is believed to be responsible for multiple serious accidents in the past. Also, it has also been assumed that off-site AC power supply is unavailable. Simulations were run for time duration of 300 seconds since most of the safety features of the plant should respond within 50 seconds from the initiation of the accident. Results show that SCRAM is initiated within 22.5 seconds from the emergence of the break, which limited the peak core thermal power to around 105% of the nominal value. The peak temperatures of fuel elements and fuel cladding are recorded to be around 1850oC and 620oC respectively, which are both within the safety limits. The pressure inside reactor pressure vessel has not undergone any significant changes, showing no sign of failure. Again, the pressure inside the reactor containment building is kept within 2.5 bar by the safety systems, indicating that there is no possibility of containment failure due to over-pressure. Finally, the readings from radiation monitor show that there is no noticeable release of radioactive elements to the environment during the accident. Therefore, it may be concluded that the release of radioactive elements in the surrounding environment during a steam-line break accident is very unlikely provided that the plant safety systems are fully functional.
Ask, ‘could it be ICP?’
Authors: Chambers Jenny
Published: September 2019

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a condition that can have devastating consequences for women and babies. Jenny Chambers explains what ICP is and how it can be managed
Effect of relaxation exercise on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure in gestational diabetes
Authors: Geranmayeh Mehrnaz , Bikdeloo Sara , Azizi Farahnaz , Mehran Abbas
Published: September 2019

Background

Gestational diabetes is a growing problem worldwide, with risks for both the woman and the baby. Stress has been shown to be linked with diabetes, and therefore research is examining the effect of relaxation on blood pressure.

Aim

To assess the effect of relaxation on blood glucose and blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study was performed with a sample of 80 participants. Fasting blood glucose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention, which was a 10-week programme of home mind-body and relaxation.

Findings

Both systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in the control group were significantly higher (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure in both groups was not found to be significantly different (P=0.151).

Conclusions

Relaxation exercises reduce fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
The relationship between interpersonal trauma and substance misuse in pregnancy
Authors: Waddell Naomi , Karatzias Thanos
Published: September 2019

Background

There is a strong body of evidence supporting associations between interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance use; however, this tends to focus on associations between childhood trauma and substance use in non-pregnant populations. Neonatal and obstetric outcomes are poorer among pregnant women with problematic substance use, yet few studies have explored IPT as a possible mechanism underlying their use of substances.

Aim

To explore the literature regarding the relationship between IPT and substance misuse among pregnant women.

Method

A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted and a narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Titles, abstracts and full articles were screened against inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and quality assessed.

Findings

A total of 15 studies were identified that suggested associations between negative life events and substance misuse in pregnant women/new mothers.

Conclusions

Although a link between IPT and substance misuse is suggested, this review has highlighted a number of important gaps in the literature that warrant further investigation. These include a paucity of UK-based studies, and a lack of research that fully explores possible associations between IPT and substance use in pregnant women. Moreover, research to date has employed quantitative methodology.
Setting up a home birth service in East London: lessons learned and reflections on the first year
Authors: Callaghan Faye , Foley Caitlin , Olusile Mary
Published: September 2019

A dedicated home birth team was established in a deprived inner London borough offering continuity of carer to women choosing home birth. Establishing a new service brought unique challenges, and the team was required to adapt quickly, introducing new ways of managing workload and adapting policies to suit the needs of the population and service. Reflecting on some of the challenges faced in the first year of operation is useful to allow the team to learn and grow, and to help others to establish similar services in their area.
Vitamin K and ethics
Authors: Winter George F
Published: September 2019

With the World Health Organization citing ‘vaccine hesitancy’ as one of the ten threats to global health, how are other interventions affected? George Winter investigates
The changing face of social work: social worker perceptions of a neoliberalising profession
Authors: Butler-Warke Alice , Yuill Chris , Bolger Janine
Published: September 2019

This article engages with literature on the neoliberalisation of social work but advances the debate by building an argument based on interviews with social work graduates that reveal the perceived changes to the profession over the last 50 years. Based on lived experiences, we show that social work as a profession has experienced significant changes that have occurred both internally and externally to the profession. These changes form part of a larger ideological shift towards neoliberalism. Beginning with the Thatcher administration, intensifying under New Labour’s Third Way and persisting under the Age of Austerity of Prime Ministers Cameron and May, the neoliberalisation of social work has sought to turn it into an outcome-oriented, information-gathering, surveilling profession that no longer relies on its critical and radical value base. We show, however, that despite the neoliberal assault, social workers remain optimistic about the future and loyal to their core values.
Prognostic Relevance of Steroid Sulfation in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Revealed by Molecular Phenotyping Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Sun Na , Kunzke Thomas , Sbiera Silviu , Kircher Stefan , Feuchtinger Annette , Aichler Michaela , Herterich Sabine , Ronchi Cristina L , Weigand Isabel , Schlegel Nicolas , Waldmann Jens , Candida Villares Fragoso Maria , Whitsett Timothy G , Gill Anthony J , Fassnacht Martin , Walch Axel , Kroiss Matthias
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with variable prognosis even within the same tumor stage. Cancer-related sex hormones and their sulfated metabolites in body fluids can be used as tumor markers. The role of steroid sulfation in ACC has not yet been studied. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a novel tool for tissue-based chemical phenotyping.

METHODS

We performed phenotyping of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 72 ACC by MALDI-MSI at a metabolomics level.

RESULTS

Tumoral steroid hormone metabolites—estradiol sulfate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10–0.69; P = 0.005] and estrone 3-sulfate (HR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07–0.63; P = 0.003)—were significantly associated with prognosis in Kaplan–Meier analyses and after multivariable adjustment for age, tumor stage, and sex (HR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11–0.79; P = 0.015 and HR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10–0.91; P = 0.033, respectively). Expression of sulfotransferase SULT2A1 was associated with prognosis to a similar extent and was validated to be a prognostic factor in two published data sets. We discovered the presence of estradiol-17β 3,17-disulfate (E2S2) in a subset of tumors with particularly poor overall survival. Electron microscopy revealed novel membrane-delimited organelles in only these tumors. By applying cluster analyses of metabolomic data, 3 sulfation-related phenotypes exhibited specific metabolic features unrelated to steroid metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS

MALDI-MSI provides novel insights into the pathophysiology of ACC. Steroid hormone sulfation may be used for prognostication and treatment stratification. Sulfation-related metabolic reprogramming may be of relevance also in conditions beyond the rare ACC and can be directly investigated by the use of MALDI-MSI.
Gastric Pseudotumor due to Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Calixto-Aguilar Lesly , Vasquez-Rios George , Contreras-Grande Jheferson , Ramos-Castillo Wilder , Guzmán-Calderón Edson
Published: September 2019

A 71-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. He had epigastric tenderness on examination. Basic studies revealed anemia and eosinophilia. A computed tomography scan showed a mass in the anterior wall of the stomach. Endoscopic studies revealed a subepithelial lesion in the same area. An exploratory laparotomy was conducted to rule out any malignancy, revealing a mass fixed to the transverse colon and stomach. Biopsy samples showed eosinophilic nodules and multiple cystic structures compatible with Fasciola hepatica. The patient was treated with triclabendazole with complete resolution. Gastric pseudotumor secondary to F. hepatica is a rare but treatable disease.
Bouveret Syndrome: When a Stone Cannot Pass the Pylorus
Authors: Khuwaja Samreen , Azeem Ahad , Semkhayev Boris A. , Afthinos John , Guttmann Steven
Published: September 2019

Bouveret syndrome, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, occurs by passage of a gallstone through a cholecystoduodenal fistula into the intestinal lumen. Presenting symptoms are nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In some cases, chronic symptoms result in weight loss. Typically, the syndrome is diagnosed via x-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography. Treatment options are endoscopic or surgical. Endoscopic approaches include mechanical lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, stone extraction, laser lithotripsy, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and/or duodenal stenting. When stone fragments migrate distally, surgical removal becomes necessary. We describe a distinct endoscopic treatment via stone breakage, followed by pushing the fragments of the stone into the jejunum, resolving the intestinal obstruction.
PROYEKSI SPASIAL UNDER BOUNDED CITY DI KOTA JAMBI BERBASIS SMCE CA (SPATIAL MULTY CRITERIA EVALUATION CELLULAR AUTOMATA)
Authors: Wicaksono Dominikus Rinto Adhi
Published: September 2019

At present 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas and it is estimated that in 2025 the Indonesian population living in urban areas is 68%. The tendency of people to stay near the city center caused a physical expansion in the suburbs. Jambi City as one of the big cities on the island of Sumatra also experienced physical development of the city with a high rate of development in the periphery to penetrate the jurisdiction (under bounded city) to the territory of the authority of Muaro Jambi Regency. Therefore, the physical development of Jambi City in the future needs to be predicted to overcome various problems that can occur related to urbanization, one of which is the threat of potential conversion of paddy fields and dryland agriculture in Muaro Jambi Regency which is directly adjacent to Jambi City. Dynamic modeling of urban expansion can be described by applying the Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation Cellular Automata algorithm (SMCE CA). The analysis used included identification of trends in the physical development of Jambi City, identification of determinants of city physical development, Spatial Multi Cellular Automata Criteria Evaluation (SMCE CA) modeling, and model validation. Validation of modeling results shows overall accuracy of 92.5% and kappa value of 0.8369. Observation of the growth trend of the city of Jambi in the period 2000 to 2016 showed that the growth of built-up land was 295.1 hectares per year. The results of the spatial projection of the physical development of Jambi City in 2033 show the direction of the development of Jambi City to Muaro Jambi Regency with the dominance of growth to the west towards Jambi Luar Kota District with a growth rate of 159.2 hectares per year, to the southeast towards Sungai Gelam Subdistrict 97.9 hectares per year, and to the east towards Kumpeh Ulu District, amounting to 31.5 hectares per year. The size of paddy fields and dryland agriculture threatened with conversion in 2033 is 1036.1 hectares. The Muaro Jambi District Government needs to pay special attention to the potential areas affected by the physical expansion of Jambi City.
KAJIAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA MINA PADUKUHAN BOKESAN DI KAWASAN MINAPOLITAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Azimah Amalia , Damayanti Maya
Published: September 2019

Bokesan village is included in the minapolitan area which is set as a development area for mina tourism. The success of tourism management needs the capacity of the community to manage tourism activities. However, its capacity is still unknown, so there is a need to study the capacity of the existing community. The research  aims to assess the capacity of the community in managing tourism at Bokesan district in the Minapolitan area of Ngemplak region. The research method used was qualitative method.The results of the study show that the emergence of community capacity in tourism activities is influenced by economic and social motivation. The results of community capacity studies at the individual level indicate that the capacity of individuals who are able to support tourism activities in Bokesan district are the capacity of those in culinary, fishing spot, swimming pools owner  and tour guides. While the study of organizational capacity shows that the capacity of P2MKP Mina Ngremboko organization is stronger than the capacity of Bokesan POKDARWIS organization. It is influenced by the leadership factor of the chairman of the organization. In the P2MKP Mina Ngremboko, the chairman’s’ leadership was able to direct their subordinates to have good commitment and coordination in tourism management. Whereas in the POKDARWIS Bokesan, the chairman have not been able to direct the subordinates well, so that the commitment of members becomes weak.  The form of capacity building in Bokesan Village was carried out in the form of training, assistance, tourism facilities development, cooperation, recruitment, and participation in associations and communication forums.
WPROWADZENIE
Authors: Jedynak Małgorzata
Published: September 2019

Wprowadzenie
PODEJŚCIE STUDENTÓW FILOLOGII ANGIELSKIEJ DO REFLEKSJI W NAUCE WYMOWY
Authors: Baran-Łucarz Małgorzata
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to report attitudes of extramural students of the Department of English Studies, University of Wrocław, towards reflection which was introduced into a course of phonetics and into individual practice of pronunciation at home. The article opens with a brief presentation of the concept of reflection, a discussion of its importance in teaching foreign languages (FLs) and an overview of studies on the use of reflection in FL pronunciation teaching. The research design and the techniques used to develop reflection in the students in this study are then described. From the perspective of many learners involved in this research introducing reflection into pronunciation learning had several positive effects: it helped learners set goals and made them aware of effective learning strategies. It also aided them in self-evaluation, in understanding the emotions accompanying the learning of FL pronunciation, and in finding ways of dealing with these. However, it was found that many students were reluctant to have reflection introduced into the learning process. This was mainly due to lack of time and to students’ belief that reflection does not bring any positive results. Finally, the author suggests that the ability to reflect on one’s learning is difficult and dependent on individual predisposition, and that it requires special training.
NIE LUBIĘ NIEMCÓW, BO NIE – O AUTOREFLEKSJI W POSTRZEGANIU INNYCH
Authors: Mihułka Krystyna
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of a questionnaire carried out among secondary school students of German with a view to examining the students’ perception and assessment of the Germans. Analysis of the data provides an answer to the question whether secondary school students of German are able to think critically while assessing others or maybe, on the contrary, are only able to repeat others’ judgements without reflection. The discussion of the results of the questionnaire seems to indicate that, unfortunately, the majority of the secondary school students of German can hardly be regarded as reflective. In the second part of the article, the author puts forward some proposals which may prove important in the process of educating reflective foreign language teachers, and consequently, reflective students.
PRZEKONANIA STUDENTÓW FILOLOGII ANGIELSKIEJ NA TEMAT NAUCZANIA GRAMATYKI
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław , Mystkowska-Wiertelak Anna , Bielak Jakub
Published: September 2019

Learners’ beliefs concerning the process of learning and teaching a foreign language without doubt play a very important role since they can determine the effectiveness of the instructional techniques and procedures that are employed by teachers, thereby considerably influencing the outcomes of that process. This applies in equal measure to teaching all the language skills and subsystems, including grammar instruction, or, more generally, form-focused instruction. In view of such considerations, the aim of the present paper is to report the findings of a study which sought to tap the beliefs of 106 Polish students of English philology with respect to such issues as the choice of the syllabus, the degree of integration of focus on form with meaning and message conveyance, the ways in which grammar structures are introduced and practiced as well as the provision of corrective feedback on grammar errors. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose (Pawlak, 2012, 2013b), which contained both Likert-scale and openended questions related to all of these areas. The analysis of the data demonstrates that the participants manifest clear preferences with respect to the process of learning and teaching grammar, which, on the one hand, may provide a basis for introducing modifications into grammar classes taught to English majors, and, on the other, makes it possible to identify areas that should be given more emphasis in the course of educating future teachers of English.
OD REFLEKSJI DO KONSTRUOWANIA WIEDZY I WSPÓLNOTY KOMUNIKACYJNEJ: WYNIKI BADANIA W DZIAŁANIU
Authors: Piegzik Wioletta
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the following paper is to consider the development of reflection in foreign language learners. Based on the results of action research, we show to what extent the performance of group tasks affected the perception of reality and influenced changes in the communication and learning behavior of participants of an action research project. Reflection is analyzed on the basis of statements contained in student diaries and transcriptions from video recording of discussions. This means that on the one hand, we are interested in the opinions, conclusions and evaluations made by learners, but on the other hand, we attach importance to the coherence between formulated judgments and practical group action. It is not uncommon that declarations are not in accordance with the activities undertaken and that, in consequence, their value is questionable. The paper also points to difficulties associated with becoming a reflective person as well as the restrictions connected with the scientific measurements of this process.
BIOGRAFIA JĘZYKOWA JAKO PRZYCZYNEK DO REFLEKSJI NAD MOTYWACJĄ DO NAUKI JĘZYKA NIEMIECKIEGO
Authors: Mackiewicz Maciej
Published: September 2019

A language biography is most often a reflection on one’s own linguistic development and therefore can be termed “language autobiography”. In its a broad sense, a language biography may include mother tongue acquisition, yet this article focuses solely on foreign language learning, with a special emphasis on the German language. The article provides insights into factors that motivate learners of German and into changes in these factors over a period of time, including the role of intercultural motivators. A theoretical and methodological introduction is followed by the results of a qualitative study conducted in five Polish institutions of tertiary education on a group of 73 students learning German. The excerpts of biographies quoted provide a picture of motivation as a dynamic process and moreover indicate that as present-day students get older, they are increasingly more thoughtful about their learning.
AKTYWNOŚCI STYMULUJĄCE REFLEKSJĘ W NAUCZANIU JĘZYKA PISANEGO W WIRTUALNEJ KLASIE
Authors: Mokwa-Tarnowska Iwona
Published: September 2019

The paper aims to show how to engage students attending an online language course in various activities which by stimulating reflection enhance the learning process and result in better learning outcomes. By blending cognitivist, constructivist, constructionist and behavioural ideas, course developers and tutors can produce materials and use methods which satisfy the varied needs of adults who want to improve their writing skills. Such a blend leads to a unique design, which can be achieved by tools available in a virtual learning environment. Course participants will be more adequately prepared for writing genuine texts in the future through use of such activities as working with authentic resources integrated with different tasks and assignments to stimulate reflection; studying under the supervision and guidance of the tutor; participating in collaborative projects to promote learner autonomy; developing new knowledge through meaning-making discussions; doing peer review as well as summative, formative assessment, and self-assessment. Experience of these ways of working will help the participants to eventually become self-regulated, lifelong learners.
BIOGRAFIA ZAWODOWA JAKO ŹRÓDŁO WIEDZY – AUTOBIOGRAFICZNE REFLEKSJE EMERYTOWANYCH NAUCZYCIELEK JĘZYKA OBCEGO
Authors: Werbińska Dorota
Published: September 2019

This article reports a qualitative research project focused on examining the professional biographies of four post-service Polish teachers of foreign languages. The main objective was to find out what experiences in their professional biographies the participants perceived as the most critical, and to see if those memories were roughly similar in the participants’ accounts. Following Karol Wojtyła’s (1994) anthropological views connected with a person’s structure and their dynamism, the study discusses the subjects’ experiences relating to teacher reactivity, emotivity and agency against the socio-political background of Poland in the period before and after political transformation.
REFLEKSJA W ZAWODZIE NAUCZYCIELA – ZAŁOŻENIA A REALNE MOŻLIWOŚCI REALIZACJI
Authors: Zawadzka-Bartnik Elżbieta
Published: September 2019

The category of reflection has a long tradition in education. The aim of this article is to focus on the reasons for the difficulties of putting this construct into practice and on educational consequences of this, as well on some paradoxes in education today. Among the main reasons for the difficulties are discussed: the interpretation of reflection, the disregard for the specifics of the profession of the FL teacher in curriculum standards and administrative regulations and the negative influence of market-oriented ideology on education and teacher training. The lack of comprehension of, and/or the misinterpretation of the idea of reflection have negative consequences for education and teacher training. The article concludes with some suggestions for the teacher and pupil education, including a broadly understood idea of reflection.
REFLEKSJA NAD DZIAŁANIEM A TOŻSAMOŚĆ SPOŁECZNA NAUCZYCIELA WE WSPÓLNOCIE PRAKTYKÓW
Authors: Ciepiela Kamila
Published: September 2019

This article aims to discuss the problem of a relationship between reflection and identification in the community of EFL teaching practitioners. The basic tenet is that reflection enables individuals to construct and supply reification to community knowledge, which, in turn, allows for their identification as legitimate members of the community. Identity is neither static nor pre-given. It is built as one moves through life and changes according to one’s environmental needs, one’s interests and interactions. To expound and exemplify these tenets, two samples of conversations in a community of language teaching practitioners are analyzed. The analysis aspires to reveal a dialectic relationship between the processes of reflection and identification.
Collocational competence – an underrecognized component of lexical competence
Authors: Targońska Joanna
Published: September 2019

This paper emphasizes the need to include collocational competence in the model of lexical competence. Different ways of understanding of the notion “collocation” are presented together with the existing models of lexical competence. Next, a new model of lexical competence is pro-posed, i.e. the model covering lexical competence as well. The Author presents her original concept of collocational competence and argues for its development in vocabulary extension at a foreign language class.
USE YOUR HEAD TO MAKE LEARNING BY HEART EASY, CZYLI O IDIOMACH Z PUNKTU WIDZENIA LINGWISTYKI KOGNITYWNEJ
Authors: Szudy-Sojak Aleksandra
Published: September 2019

The aim of the article is to focus on the cognitive mechanisms that motivate the meanings of idioms as presented by Zoltán Kövesces. Contrary to traditional view, according to which an idiom is an expression whose overall meaning differs from the meanings of its constituents, cognitive linguistics claims that the meaning of a large number of idioms is not arbitrary but motivated. It rejects the “dead metaphor” perspective in favour of underlining relations between domains. The approach, which underlines the embodied aspects of language and cognition, appears tempting in particular in relation to body-related idioms. Metaphorical awareness can play a role of comprehensible input in learning idiomatic language.
Understanding Mattessich and Ijiri
Authors: García Nohora
Published: September 2019

This article summarises the purpose and contents of Nohora Garcia’s book on the contributions of R. Mattessich and Y. Ijiri to accounting theory
Experimental SWIR gated viewing in accumulation mode
Authors: Lutz Yves , Matwyschuk Alexis , Poyet Jean-Michel
Published: September 2019

The recent availability of imaging sensors able to work in accumulation mode in the SWIR spectral range allows the realization of new efficient range-gated viewing systems. Such systems relax the illumination constraint so that the energy required to build an image can be distributed over several laser pulses. Semiconductor or fiber lasers can be used instead of high peak power solid state lasers. Such a system was realized in our laboratory, tested, and compared to a more classical flash system under outdoor conditions. In a first step, images of the same scenes recorded in the same weather conditions were compared to those recorded with a classical system working in flash mode. The MTF analysis shows an improvement of up to 40% with the system working in accumulation mode. In order to remove the influence of two different laser sources as well as of two different cameras, a second experiment was conducted. For this purpose, a shorter range and only one system were employed. Both operating modes, the flash and the accumulation mode, were examined. The second experiment confirms that accumulation mode can decrease significantly the value of the scintillation index resulting in a higher resistance to optical perturbations. These results increase the relevance of the accumulation mode for active imaging applications in the SWIR spectral region.
Automatic analysis of image quality by ETR-1 for the On-Board Imager
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Krüger Marian , Willomitzer Christian , Abu Zakaria Golam
Published: September 2019

The test-plate image of an image quality test tool is processed. The processing is based on quality assurance with the well-established test device ETR-1. A program is developed to analyze the parameters such as contrast, low contrast and resolution automatically. This results in more accurate patient positioning for the On-Board Imager (OBI) system. The contrast and resolution are measured by means of Bresenham’s line algorithm. The low contrast is calculated with the help of binary masking. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is also observed for the system. The developed program imports the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image and returns the image parameters. The program can process the ideal image or the less noisy image. The no-rotation-mode or the slight-rotation-mode of the test-plate can be analyzed.
On the distribution of zeros of derivatives of the Riemann ξ-function
Authors: Malik Amita , Roy Arindam
Published: September 2019

For the completed Riemann zeta function

ξ
⁢

(
s
)

{\xi(s)}

, it is known that the Riemann hypothesis for

ξ
⁢

(
s
)

{\xi(s)}

implies the Riemann hypothesis for

ξ

(
m
)

⁢

(
s
)

{\xi^{(m)}(s)}

, where m is any positive integer.
In this paper, we investigate the distribution of the fractional parts of the sequence

(

α
⁢

γ
m

)

{(\alpha\gamma_{m})}

, where α is any fixed non-zero real number and

γ
m

{\gamma_{m}}

runs over the imaginary parts of the zeros of

ξ

(
m
)

⁢

(
s
)

{\xi^{(m)}(s)}

.
We also obtain a zero density estimate and an explicit formula for the zeros of

ξ

(
m
)

⁢

(
s
)

{\xi^{(m)}(s)}

.
In particular, all our results hold uniformly for

0
≤
m
≤

g
⁢

(
T
)

{0\leq m\leq g(T)}

, where the function

g
⁢

(
T
)

{g(T)}

tends to infinity with T and

g
⁢

(
T
)

=

o
⁢

(

log
⁡

log
⁡
T

)

{g(T)=o(\log\log T)}

.