bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workload Assessment for Manual and Automated Processes in Life Sciences
Authors: Swangnetr Manida , Kaber David , Vorberg Ellen , Fleischerand Kerstin Thurow Heidi
Published: February 2022

In life science process development, optimized manual protocols are converted to semi-automated processes to address high throughput and accuracy demands and to promote technician safety. However, little research has been conducted on technician workload assessment as a basis for identifying and prioritizing automation targets. The objectives of this study were to: 1) assess technician workload in a manual protocol and identify automation “targets” (for load reduction); and 2) compare workload with prototype automation vs. purely manual performance. Three expert technicians performed a mercury analysis process for three replications. Perceived workload was collected for each task using the NASA-Task Load index (TLX). Results on the manual process indicated “pipetting” and “measuring/recording” tasks to pose significantly higher perceived workload. The pipetting task posed the highest mental demand and risk of repetitive strain injuries, and was identified as a priority automation target. An automated pipetting system was prototyped and integrated in the manual protocol. The technician’s role was changed to transporting materials and programming tasks. In general, findings indicate that perceived workload assessment can be used to effectively identify target tasks for automation in life science processes. Technicians perceived significantly lower workload when performing automated pipetting, as compared with manual performance. However, there may be other factors (e.g., task time, number of steps) that influence workload and such factors may represent other targets for automation.
The Treatment Performances of Smart Healthcare Clothing System Based on u-Computing Using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator for the Hypertensive
Authors: Kim Ryang-Hee
Published: February 2022

Recently, the healthy industry is interested in more innovative portable devices for healthcare with ubiquitous computing environment. There are integrated medicine, advanced high-tech smart devices, electronics technology, and other research areas. For these issues, we aimed to develop the ubiquitous computing Smart Healthcare Clothing System (SHCS) using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS) for the hypertensive. Wearable smart technologies will give the wearable functional industry a high-tech value of making healthy and anywhere-anytime comfortable life. Hypertension is a typical chronic disease stressful life. TENS is especially the effective rehabilitation and preventive treatment healthcare device for the hypertensive. We designed SHCS with TENS which was embedded in glove with four textile-based electrodes, and instructed by oriental medical ergonomics. This research was conducted the healthcare performance and wear comfort of SHCS by clinical experiment. The results of effect analysis of care performances were as follows: 1) the mean of subject’s blood pressure was decreased to the lower ranges after wearing the SHCS with tens in the systolic pressure (p1less than .001, as the paired t-test using statistical analysis method SAS 9.1). We could suggest SHCS with TENS that is easy-to-use, and effective rehabilitation and preventive treatment healthcare device for the hypertensive.
Development of BAC Consumption and Related Structure Equation Model on Korean Driver
Authors: Chung SungHak
Published: February 2022

This study is to provide the criteria necessary for justification on any administrative measure possible to revoke ones driving license or to legally punish any person who has been under the influence whilst driving. The alcohol concentration in blood/breath was measured in this research through the drinking culture habits. The conclusion of this study estimates per hour, the average consumption rate of BAC (β) -0.0178g/kg and SD was 0.00497. Then, a consumption rate of the BAC will be calculated out through the multiple regression analysis thereof. A structural equation model of the effect that the drinking culture habit and the consumption rate of the BAC have on unsafe human behavior tendency factor is expressed in a model. In this study, a questionnaire on behavioral response whilst under alcohol influence, physical characteristics and personality test was conducted, also included was the alcohol test of NHTSA and the WHO alcohol test.
Advances in Human Strength Measurement and Modeling in Workspace
Authors: Das Biman
Published: February 2022

Advances made in human strength measurement and modeling in three dimensional workspace are reported. A comprehensive experimental research was conducted to determine isometric and isokinetic push, pull, push-up and pull-down strengths in the workspace and the corresponding muscle activity during exertions. Data were obtained from able-bodied adult male and female participants in the normal, maximum and extreme reach envelopes at various horizontal and vertical angles/heights in both seated and standing positions. A three dimensional isometric strength measurement system was designed and constructed. The Kin-Com dynamometer was used to measure isokinetic strength. The Flex-Com system recorded electromyography (EMG) of four muscles: biceps, triceps, anterior deltoid and erector spiane. Strength profiles or data for isometric and isokinetic strengths were highlighted. Spatial factors affecting isometric and isokinetic strengths were analyzed. Muscle activity of the selected muscles during force exertions were investigated. Predictive models or equations were developed for isometric pull strengths in maximum reach of standing men by applying multiple regression analysis.
A Simple Tool for Preliminary Hazard Identification and Quick Assessment: Applicative Experiences
Authors: Atain-Kouadioa Jean-Jacques , Claudona Laurent , Mazièreb Patricia , Meyera Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2022

Physical activity at work is often characterized by time pressure, repeatability and levels of effort and gestural constraints, or the inverse of a "physical activity health." Therefore, they will be called physical workloads. Indeed, despite technological advances that alleviate the toughest tasks, physical burden remains a major source of industrial accidents and occupational diseases. It is still often causes fatigue, pain that degrade the professional gesture and perception of the task, leading not only to errors that affect the work quality, but also to accidents (traumatic cardiovascular...), damage to the musculoskeletal system and work incapacity. Factors that influence these risks are related to the individual, his work (content and organization), its physical and human environment...
The Study of Work Situations
Authors: Exposure To Multiple With
Published: February 2022

The OCRA method is the reference method chosen in ISO (ISO 11228-3) and CEN (EN 1005-5) standards regarding risk assessment and management of upper limbs repetitive movements and exertions. The method consists of two specific tools (OCRA index and OCRA checklist). In this paper special attention will be devoted to the procedures for the analysis of multiple repetitive tasks.When computing the OCRA index (checklist score) considering the presence of more than one repetitive task, a “traditional” procedure has been previously proposed. This approach, whose results could be defined as “time weighted average”, seems to be appropriate when considering rotations among tasks that are performed almost once every hour. On the contrary, when rotation among repetitive tasks is less frequent the “time weighted average” approach could result into an underestimation of the exposure level. For those scenarios an alternative approach is based on a concept that the most stressful task is the minimum starting point. A peculiar procedure allows to exactly estimate the resulting index within this range of minimum to maximum values. It is possible to apply this approach also for job rotation with weekly or monthly or annual cycle typical of agriculture, supermarket, cleaning sectors. This paper shows criteria and results in different working situation: plant nursery, viticulture (annual cycle).
Usability Evaluation for Driving with the Joystick and Mechanical Hand Controllers
Authors: Wu a Hsin-Chieh , Lin a Chin-Ting , Chiu b Min-Chi , Linc Yu-Cheng
Published: February 2022

For lower limb disabled driving a car, mechanical manual controllers are mostly used to control the brake and accelerator. However, the joystick is mostly used to drive an airplane; is seldom used in driving a car. This study was aimed at evaluating usability of the joystick-style controller and mechanical manual controller for the lower-limb disabled driving a car. 20 participants were divided into experimental and control groups (10 persons for each group). The experimental group was lower limb disabled and the control group was non-disabled. Each subject performed driving simulator experiment with these two hand controllers, respectively. Driving performance, physiological load and subjective evaluation data were collected during the experiment. Both groups had significantly better driving performance with the joystick-type hand controller than that of the mechanical manual one. They also had significantly lower physiological load (percent of maximal heart rate) with the joystick-type hand controller than that of the mechanical manual one. However, they had similar subjective assessment between these two controllers. This study provides an advanced investigation for applying joystick in driving a car. But, further experiment should be conducted in the real road for confirming safety and efficiency.
System of Lifelong Learning in Occupational Safety and Health in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Kozík a Tomáš , Tureková a Ivana , Bulla b Róbert , Bagalová a Terézia
Published: February 2022

The area of OSH is currently widely debated issue in the European Union and also in other countries of the world. It is a given fact that the level of development of OSH standards and their application in daily life of a human is directly related to the quality of life and economic development of society. In that connection there must be interest in the educational system that perform the task of preparing the public perception of the importance of OSH in the lives of individuals and the acquisition of respect the OHS rules in work and non-work activities.Legal norms and OSH measures are very precisely elaborated. However daily experience of real life shows the low level of perception, understanding and respect for the principles of safe work and human health protection at the workplace and during free time.Authors of the report analyzes the state educational program and the curriculum framework to answer the question, whether the current education system in the Slovak Republic in relation to current legal standards and rules adequately prepares graduates of particular types of schools, to show an interest for safe conditions of work and life in healthy environment.
Detection of Exoplanets using Machine Learning
Authors: Singh Amritanshu Kumar , Kumbhare Vedant Arvind
Published: February 2022

Three methods for using machine learning to decide if a star has an exoplanet from transit survey data are discussed in this paper and are also used to determine which approach performs better on a labeled data set containing light intensity time series from extrasolar stars. Convolutional Neural Network (C.N.N.), a C.N.N. autoencoder, and Support Vector Machines ( S.V.M.) are among the three models. We trained the models using data from the Kepler Space Telescope; because there were very few confirmed exoplanet in the data, some preprocessing is performed before implementing the data set methods. SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) was used to over-sample the exoplanet class to further boost the performance. For the supervised learning approaches, CNN and SVM, the outcomes were promising. Therefore, CNN autoencoder, the unsupervised method, did not generate meaningful results.
Analysis of Maize Profitability among Smallholder Farmers in Mbinga District, Tanzania
Authors: Utonga Dickson
Published: February 2022

This cross-sectional study analyzed the profitability of maize production among smallholder farmers in Mbinga District, Ruvuma, Tanzania. A multistage sampling procedure was applied to select 120 smallholder farmers. Data was collected by using semi-structured questionnaires and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics and farm budgeting technique. The results reveal that Gross Margin for maize enterprise was 1,182,650.79 TZS per hectare. This implies that maize farming is a profitable enterprise in the study area. The study recommends that the government should promote financing mechanisms to facilitate conducive environment for investment in the subsector. More, it is recommended that the government should manage the inputs subsidy provision by using participatory techniques. Further, the government should regulate informal maize markets to protect the welfare of farmers. Moreover, youth, women and people with disabilities should utilise the funds (10% of councils’ budgets) available at the Local Government Authorities to engage in agricultural activities. This will ultimately offer an opportunity to reduce unemployment in such localities.
Strategi Bisnis Yang Tersirat Dalam Surat Al-Quraisy Ayat 1 – 4
Authors: Muhamad Nurois Amin
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Broadly speaking, the interpretation of the Quraysh describes the enormous pleasure of Allah bestowed on the Quraysh tribe. However, if examined further, the interpretation of the Quroisy letter contains a business strategy in each of its sentences. There are eight business strategies contained in the Quroisy letter; first, perseverance, learning and habituation from childhood; second, Brand Equity and Master Brand which are described with lafaz} quraish; third, outward expansion, building networks, as well as diplomacy and negotiation skills illustrated clearly. fourth, market segmentation which is described by lafaz al-shita’i wa al-saif; fifth, the balance between business and worship. Even business is used propaganda that is described by lafaz} falya’budu; sixth, the positioning is described by lafaz al-bait. The seventh is resignation which is accompanied by hard work that is described by lafaz alladhi at'amahum min ju '; and eighth, dare to take risks described in lafaz} wa a> manahum min khauf. Thus the Qur'an gives guidance to Muslims, especially those who run a business. The Koran not only provides guidance in matters of worship, but also in terms of mu'amalah.

 

Keywords: bisnis, surat Al-Quraisy ayat 1

 

Abstrak

Secara garis besar, penafsiran surat Quraisy menjelaskan kenikmatan Allah yang sangat besar yang dianugerahkan kepada suku Quraisy. Namun, jika dikaji lebih dalam lagi, penafsiran surat Quroisy ini mengandung strategi bisnis dalam setiap kalimat-kalimatnya. Terdapat delapan strategi bisnis yang terkandung dalam surat Quroisy; pertama, ketekunan, pembelajaran serta pembiasaan dari kecil, kedua, Brand Equity dan Master Brand yang digambarkan dengan lafaz} quraish; ketiga, ekspansi ke luar, membangun network, serta keahlian diplomasi dan negosiasi yang digambarkan dengan  lafaz rihlah; keempat, segmentasi pasar yang digambarkan dengan lafaz al-shita’i wa al-saif; kelima, balance antara bisnis dan ibadah. Bahkan bisnis digunakan dakwah yang digambarkan dengan lafaz} falya’budu; keenam, positioning yang digambarkan dengan lafaz al-bait. Adapun  yang ketujuh adalah tawakkal yang disertai dengan kerja keras yang digambarkan dengan lafaz alladhi at’amahum min ju’; dan kedelapan, berani mengambil risiko yang digambarkan dengan lafaz} wa a>manahum min khauf. Demikianlah Alquran memberikan tuntunan kepada orang Muslim, khususnya bagi orang yang menjalankan suatu bisnis. Alquran tidak hanya memberikan tuntunan dalam hal ibadah, tetapi juga dalam hal mu’amalah.
Operasionalisasi Produk Non-Saving Pada Asuransi Takaful Umum
Authors: Okta Khusna Aisi
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Justice, equality, honesty, ethics and morals are values inherent in the teachings of Islam in conducting business between fellow Muslims and non-Muslims. Business practices that do not reflect the above values cannot be accepted in Islamic or sharia law. Business transactions that contain Gharar, Maisir, and usury are unacceptable practices because they are also not in line with the values promoted by Islamic teachings.

 

Keywords: Non-Saving Products, General Takaful Insurance.

Abstrak

Keadilan, kesetaraan, kejujuran, etika dan moral adalah nilai-nilai yang melekat dalam ajaran Islam dalam menjalankan bisnis antara sesama Muslim dan non-Muslim. Praktik bisnis yang tidak mencerminkan nilai-nilai di atas tidak dapat diterima dalam hukum Islam atau syariah. Transaksi bisnis yang mengandung Gharar, Maisir, dan riba adalah praktik yang tidak dapat diterima karena mereka juga tidak sejalan dengan nilai-nilai yang dipromosikan oleh ajaran Islam.

 

Kata Kunci: Produk Non-Tabungan, Asuransi Takaful U
Formative E-Assessment: A Qualitative Study Based on Master’s Degrees
Authors: Prendes-Espinosa Paz , García-Tudela Pedro A. , Gutiérrez-Porlán Isabel
Published: February 2022

Formative assessment is a strategy that optimizes the learning process at any educational level, however its use is not very frequent as literature revision shows. In this paper, we analyse the use of formative assessment in online postgraduate studies (masters) in Spanish universities. Our sample was 31 online master’s degrees coordinators and we analyse the results obtained from a questionnaire with open questions using NVIVO software. Through qualitative analysis of the information supported by cross-queries of codes and attributes, we have considered formative assessment according to fields of knowledge, the type of digital tools used and the main difficulties identified. In this type of online masters, our data show that most of the teachers use this type of formative e-assessment to provide feedback to their students and as part of the final marks of the courses, too. So these results are relevant to understand the E-assessment strategies for master’s degrees. Finally, the main limitation of the study is the fact that it uses a sample limited to the geographical context of Spain. Nevertheless, these data are representative of E-assessment in Spanish master’s degrees and may be of interest for future research, for comparative studies in other contexts and even with face-to-face or blended-learning master’s degrees.
PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN MRI WRIST JOINT PADA KASUS DISRUPSI DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GENU COIL
Authors: Hendriawan  , M. Irwan Katili  , Dartini
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Procedure of MRI wrist joint examination on disruption case of Distal Radioulnar Joint at radiology installation of RS Panti Rapih Yogyakarta using genu coil. The purpose of this research is to know the procedure of MRI wrist joint examination in DRUJ disruption case using genu coil, to know the reason for the use of genu coil for the examination of wrist joint and to know the reason for adding the PD FatSat sequence and STIR on MRI wrist joint examination.

Methods: The type of this research is qualitative research with case study approach. Data collection by observation, interview, and documentation. This study was conducted from February to June 2018. Respondents in this study were 1 radiologist, 1 sending doctor and 3 radiographers, and the subjects of this study is 1 patient with diagnoses having DRUJ disorder or disruption. Data analysis in this research using interactive model.

Result: The results of this study showed that the procedure of MRI wrist joint examination in DRUJ disruption case at radiology installation of RS Panti Rapih using genu coil and using 10 examination sequences were: axial PD FatSat, axial T1 FSE, axial T2 FSE, axial STIR irFSE, coronal PD FatSat, coronal T1 FSE, coronal T2 FSE, coronal STIR irFSE, sagital PD FatSat, dan sagital T1 FSE. The reason for using genu coil on the MRI wrist joint examination because genu coil can deliver the signal well, so it can produce a good picture, and because the size of the coil is large then has a wide coverage so that all of parts wrist joint is covered. The reason for the addition of FatSat and STIR sequences is FatSat to suppress fat around the wrist joint so the odim fluid or effusion fluid in the joints can be seen more clearly, and STIR sequence has a very high ability to exhibit pathological disorders.

Conclusion : Procedure for MRI examination of wrist joints in disruption case of DRUJ using genu coil at Radiology Installation of Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta.The reason for the wrist joint MRI examination using the coil genu becouse the result of wrist joint examination so far can produce a good picture. And the reason for the wrist joint MRI examination in disruption of DRUJ case was added by the Fat Sat and STIR sequences, which were to suppress the fat around the wrist joint so the liquid odim or effusion fluid in the joint could be seen more clearly.
ANALISA PENGARUH VARIASI ECHO TRAIN LENGTH (ETL) PADA SEKUEN T2 WEIGHTED IMAGE (T2WI) AXIAL PROPELLER TERHADAP KUALITAS CITRA PEMERIKSAAN BRAIN MAGNETIK RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
Authors: Dwi Kurniarahman Yoyok , Santoso Gunawan , Darmini Darmini
Published: February 2022

Backgroud: Echo Train Length (ETL) or turbo factor refers to the echo number of radiofrequency pulse refocusing 1800 after excitation RF pulse which used in Fast Spin Echo (FSE). ETL was is the single most important parameter on the image quality. Longer ETLs result in more T2-weighting because more late echoes with longer TE’s contribute to the overall signal. Longer ETL’s also associated with a decrease in the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) because the later echoes are weaker and the image having blurring. The ETL was influence with scanning time. PROPELLER sequences can be reducing the artefact motion. The aim of this research is to known how the effect of the ETLs variation on sequences T2WI axial PROPELLER to the best image quality and the ETLs value which have best quality.

 

Methods: This type of study is a quantitative study conducted with an experimental approach in Radiology Installation of Santo Borromeo’s Bandung. Data is collected by the examination brain MRI in 6 (six) patients, after a brain MRI scanning with axial slice T2WI PROPELLER sequences, with variation of Echo Train Length (ETL). The variation of ETL we used are 12, 18, 24 and 30. And the estimation using Region of Interest (ROI) at the ventricle lateral, nucleus caudate, putamen, thalamus and internal capsule. The assessment results are summarized and then in a statistical test using SPSS version 23.0 with the method of Pearson correlate and linier regression.

 

Results: The result showed that there is having effect of Echo Train Length (ETL) on sequences T2WI axial PROPELLER to the image quality. There is a strong correlation which the result of significant value 0,000 < p value 0.05. The relation effect variation of ETL with SNR very strong is nucleus caudate and CNR very strong between nucleus caudate and ventricle lateral. The mean rank value of SNR and CNR have been showed is ETL 12 with a mean rank up to 152,57 and 121,18

 

Conclusion:There was the influence of the echo train length toward image quality of brain MRI on sequences T2WI axial PROPELLER.

The best echo train length value of brain MRI on sequence T2WI axial PROPELLER is 12.
Desafíos actuales para la reducción del riesgo de desastres. Nuevos escenarios y cambios de paradigmas
Authors: Gray de Cerdán Nelly
Published: February 2022

Este prólogo para el segundo año de la revista REDER nos advierte del rumbo que nuestras sociedades están siguiendo actualmente, y de las consecuencias que en algunos lugares ya se observan como resultado de nuestros modelos de desarrollo y crecimiento. Esta advertencia es también para invitarnos a revisar los paradigmas vigentes, y para integrar la reducción del riesgo de desastres a los diferentes esquemas de desarrollo.
¿Por qué Hablar de Psicología de la Emergencia en América Latina? Una discusión necesaria
Authors: Sandoval-Obando Eduardo
Published: February 2022

[Artículo de opinión] A propósito de las complejidades socio-naturales, urbanísticas, ambientales, climatológicas e incluso geográficas que caracterizan el continente americano, y particularmente a Chile, emergen una serie de condiciones de riesgo y amenazas que colocan en jaque y en permanente cuestionamiento, las políticas públicas en lo relacionado a la gestión del riesgo y reducción de desastres. Más aún [...].
Resiliencia ante desastres socionaturales para el desarrollo turístico
Authors: Sandoval Vicente , Marín Andres
Published: February 2022

Esta breve introducción para el número especial “Resiliencia ante Desastres Socionaturales para el Desarrollo Turístico” (Vol. 3, Núm. 1) busca advertir de la creciente y preocupante relación entre el turismo, riesgos y desastres socionaturales, y establecer la necesidad por ampliar el conocimiento sobre los procesos, condiciones e impactos que subyacen y conectan el desarrollo turístico con la resiliencia y necesidad de reducir el riesgo de desastres. Por la complejidad social, económica, cultural y política/institucional que subyace la reducción del riesgo de desastres en zonas turísticas, tanto la investigación como la planificación en la materia deben ser abordadas desde nuevas perspectivas integradas e interdisciplinarias. Es por ello que este número especial está dedicado exclusivamente a la interrelación entre desastres socionaturales y desarrollo del turismo.
Plan de Gestión Sustentable de Riesgo de Inundación: Una Propuesta desde Carabobo, Venezuela
Authors: Farias Bettys , Marquez Adriana , Guevara Edilberto , Rey Demetrio
Published: February 2022

En esta investigación aborda la formulación de un plan de gestión sustentable de riesgo de inundación durante el periodo 2015-2017 en el Municipio Naguanagua, Carabobo, Venezuela, con el objetivo de mejorar la capacidad de preparación y de respuesta ante situaciones de desastres en las comunidades afectadas por las inundaciones. Su novedad se basa en el método de integración de actores públicos y academia a diferentes niveles con comunidades locales. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva, el diseño es un trabajo de campo donde la información se obtiene mediante la aplicación de entrevistas, encuestas y observación directa. Las actividades de investigación se orientaron a promover estrategias y criterios educativos encaminados a la reducción del riesgo de inundación mediante la creación de capacidades en la población para superar amenazas y contribuir, de ese modo, a formar una comunidad resiliente. Desde esta experiencia se concluye que es posible desarrollar proyectos donde la alianza Universidad-Comunidad se fortalezca para lograr la sostenibilidad del desarrollo social y económico de una población, requiriendo la integración efectiva de la gestión del riesgo de desastres en sus políticas, planes de desarrollo, proyectos y acciones dirigidas al conocimiento y comportamiento de la sociedad ante la presencia de fenómenos hidrometeorológicos.
Cambios en la Mortalidad por Eventos Climáticos Extremos en México entre el 2000 y 2015
Authors: Jáuregui Díaz José Alfredo , Ávila Sánchez María de Jesús , Tovar Cabañas Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de examinar los cambios en la mortalidad inducida por varios eventos climáticos extremos de 2000 a 2015 en México y analizar las características de las víctimas, así como las vulnerabilidades demográficas y geográficas para el desarrollo de estrategias adaptativas y preventivas para geografías y grupos poblacionales específicos para minimizar los efectos del clima extremo. El estudio se basa en el análisis estadístico de microdatos proporcionados por diferentes registros administrativos. Los resultados muestran que la mortalidad por eventos extremos de este tipo continúa siendo inaceptablemente alta, ya que la mayoría de esas muertes podrían haberse evitado. La letalidad de los desastres se produce no solo por la exposición a una determinada amenaza, sino también, por la vulnerabilidad acumulada en que se encuentran determinadas poblaciones. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la investigación, los programas de prevención deben dirigirse a los hombres en edades productivas y adultos mayores, a las mujeres en particular a las niñas menores de nueve años y adultas mayores, lo que reduciría el impacto sobre la mortalidad por desastres relacionados al clima extremo.
Los Estudios Latinoamericanos de Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres en el Contexto de la Pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Allen Adriana , Sarmiento Juan Pablo , Sandoval Vicente
Published: February 2022

Prácticamente ningún gobierno, institución o comunidad ha permanecido indiferente a la pandemia del COVID-19. Esta crisis ha sido señalada en muchos lugares como un ‘desastre’, por lo que se ha considerado apropiado hacer una breve reflexión sobre el significado y lecciones por aprender de esta pandemia en el contexto de los estudios sobre reducción y prevención del riesgo de desastres en Latinoamérica. Los autores sostienen que la pandemia hace visible las desigualdades estructurales que dan forma a lo que significa ser afectado por el virus. Resaltan cinco aspectos que merecen atención: el sub-registro de los impactos de la crisis, la importancia de diferenciar entre medidas de protección ‘similar’ y medidas de protección ‘igualitaria’, el cómo prevenir la profundización de procesos de estigmatización, la adopción de un enfoque de derechos humanos al hábitat en el diseño e implementación de respuestas, y la urgencia de actuar haciendo frente a los desafíos postergados del desarrollo. Por último, los autores reflexionan sobre los marcos interpretativos existentes en la gestión de emergencias de salud pública y en la de riesgos socio-naturales, y cómo éstos pueden orientar procesos de investigación que permitan una mejor comprensión de los factores del riesgo a modo de informar decisiones transformativas.
Sistemas Comunitários de Alerta de Risco de Desastres Associados a Inundações e Deslizamentos: Aspectos Teóricos e Metodológicos
Authors: Marchezini Victor , Mourão Caroline , Scofield Graziela , Metodiev Daniel , Leite Flores Selma Silva
Published: February 2022

Uno de los desafíos de la ciencia de los desastres es encontrar puntos de contacto entre las áreas de conocimiento –enfoque interdisciplinario– y ser transdisciplinario, esto es, involucrar actores no académicos en la creación y ejecución de la investigación científica, en la coproducción del conocimiento. La formulación de los sistemas de alerta centrados en la población es uno de los desafíos de investigación propuestos por las Naciones Unidas en el Marco de Sendai para la Reducción de Riesgo de Desastre 2015-2030. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar aspectos teóricos y metodológicos interdisciplinarios para la formulación de sistemas comunitarios de alerta temprana asociados al riesgo de desastre por inundaciones y deslizamientos de tierra. A partir de una investigación bibliográfica y de investigación en terreno desde un abordaje cualitativo en Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, compartimos algunos resultados de un taller sobre sistemas comunitarios de alerta. Los resultados destacan ciertas lagunas de conocimiento para el mejor entendimiento sobre lo que significa un sistema comunitario de alerta, los elementos del sistema, y como formular propuestas de implementación, entre otros.
Prescripciones Técnicas para Viviendas e Infraestructuras Críticas en Interfaz Urbano-Forestal frente a Incendios: El Caso de San José de Maipo, Chile
Authors: Castillo Miguel , Garay Rose Marie , Tapia Ricardo
Published: February 2022

Se analizó la condición de vulnerabilidad de edificaciones frente al impacto de los incendios forestales en áreas de interfaz localizadas en San José de Maipo, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Para este propósito recopilamos datos de población, estadísticas de incendios, normas de construcción, legislación vigente y en general una extensa red de información desde el año 2000 en adelante. Con estos antecedentes evaluamos las áreas con mayor presencia de viviendas en bosques y las principales normas de construcción vigentes, como también las características de resguardo frente al fuego para distintas categorías de construcción: viviendas, colegios, hospitales, y en general todo tipo de infraestructura crítica que cumple funciones de defensa y protección frente a catástrofes. Los resultados muestran una alta exposición de prácticamente todas las categorías de edificaciones, debido a que se localizan en áreas de máxima vulnerabilidad. Respecto a las construcciones existentes, se realizan propuestas para mejorar el entorno inmediato a las áreas con mayor vulnerabilidad. Se trata de una experiencia piloto en Chile, basada en los resultados del Proyecto FONDEF it16i10003 (Chile), sobre protección y defensa de edificaciones frente a incendios forestales en zonas de interfaz urbano forestal.
Método de Evaluación Sintetizada para Riesgo de Desastres con Enfoque de Ordenamiento Territorial (MESR): Una Aplicación para la Ciudad de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Sevillano Rodríguez María Eugenia
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar el riesgo por inundación en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Durante el procedimiento se aplicó el Método de Evaluación Sintetizada para Riesgo de Desastres con Enfoque de Ordenamiento Territorial (MESR). A partir de este modelo, se integró desde el enfoque de construcción social factores de amenaza y vulnerabilidad sintetizada para valorar el riesgo y determinar la población e infraestructura que podría afectarse. Los resultados indican que el riesgo clasificado como alto ocupa el 6%, el medio 38% y el bajo el 56%. A causa de esto, 34 barrios, 37.202 personas y 28 asentamientos informales podrían ser afectados en la primera fase de la ocurrencia. La cartografía de riesgo de inundación coincide con las zonas que históricamente han sido afectadas y donde se ubica la población más vulnerable. La importancia de estos hallazgos reside en la utilidad que muestra la gestión del riesgo de desastre para guiar procesos más resilientes y sustentables en relación al ordenamiento territorial.
Resiliencia Impugnada: Los efectos del terremoto de Manabí-Ecuador en la predisposición a participar en espacios de cooperación
Authors: Villacis Byron , Vera David
Published: February 2022

¿Cuál es el impacto que provocan los desastres sobre la participación en espacios de cooperación? ¿Qué implicaciones tienen estos efectos sobre el entendimiento de la vulnerabilidad social? Al comparar la predisposición a participar en espacios de cooperación antes y después de un terremoto se puede identificar cuán intensa es la hipotética existencia de resiliencia automatizada, entendida como la capacidad que tiene una comunidad para superar circunstancias traumáticas.Manabí, la provincia más poblada del Ecuador, soportó en abril del 2016 un terremoto de 7,8MW, donde fallecieron más de 600 personas. Utilizando la técnica cuasi-experimental de Diferencias en Diferencias (DiD) se estima el efecto del terremoto en las predisposiciones a formar parte de cooperativas en las poblaciones afectadas por el desastre y luego se las compara con las poblaciones no afectadas. Los resultados permiten concluir que el terremoto no incrementósignificativamente esta predisposición; no obstante argumentamos sobre la existencia de factores sociales, económicos y demográficos asociados a la variación. Estos hallazgos permiten proponer que la capacidad de reacción no es automática y depende de factores subyacentes y estructurales. A su vez, los hallazgos permiten contribuir a la interpretación de la conceptualización de la vulnerabilidad social alejándose de nociones individualistas y economicistas.
Dimensiones y desafíos de la participación ciudadana en la gestión de riesgo de desastres en Asunción, Área Metropolitana y Bajo Chaco, Paraguay
Authors: Canese de Estigarribia Marta Isabel , Vuyk Espínola Cecilia María , González Chamorro Romilio , Britez Acuña Alberto Aquiles , Lezcano Villagra José Carlos , Prieto Granada Violeta Luciana
Published: February 2022

Este estudio presenta una revisión de los antecedentes, dimensiones y desafíos de la participación ciudadana en la gestión de riesgo en la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay, y municipios circundantes. La metodología aplicada fue la revisión bibliográfica sistematizada, desarrollada en sus cuatro fases: búsqueda, evaluación, análisis y síntesis. Los datos analizados fueron agrupados en cuatro dimensiones: histórica, sociodemográfica, ambiental y política. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la mención de la participación ciudadana como prioridad en los documentos referentes a políticas públicas internacionales y nacionales en gestión de riesgo. Sin embargo, esa participación se limita, en muchos casos, al aspecto formal, con escaso poder de la ciudadanía en la incidencia y el control de la gestión de riesgo a nivel nacional y local.
Socioterritorialidad del Riesgo de Desastres: Un Estudio de Representaciones Sociales en el Municipio de Piedecuesta, Colombia
Authors: Jerez-Ramírez Deysi Ofelmina
Published: February 2022

Esta investigación ha tenido como objetivo principal el comprender la socioterritorialidad del riesgo de desastres a partir del análisis de las Representaciones Sociales (RS) elaboradas en contextos compartidos de vulnerabilidad y exposición. Con este propósito, se ha indagado en las narrativas y en las imágenes construidas por la población utilizando herramientas como la cartografía social, los cuestionarios de asociación libre y las entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad. El estudio hace parte de una investigación llevada a cabo entre 2014 y 2019, con población de la zona urbana, rural y periférica del municipio de Piedecuesta, Colombia. La metodología se sustenta en una triangulación de métodos cualitativos que son característicos de los trabajos sobre RS y los estudios sociales de los desastres. Los resultados evidencian la influencia de doble vía entre los conocimientos-prácticas elaboradas colectivamente entorno al riesgo de desastres y la agencia social que el sujeto ejerce sobre su propio territorio.
Estrategias colectivas para sostener la vida ante un terremoto. Experiencias desde Juchitán de Zaragoza, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Juárez-Acevedo Itandehui
Published: February 2022

La noche del siete de septiembre de 2017 un terremoto de magnitud 8.2 sacudió a México e impactó gravemente a Juchitán de Zaragoza. La mayoría de las familias perdieron sus casas y medios de producción, y los principales espacios comunitarios quedaron destruidos. Pese a todo, la comunidad tuvo la capacidad de organizarse y responder rápidamente, satisfaciendo las necesidades básicas y los requerimientos urgentes. A partir de una etnografía feminista realizada entre 2017 y 2018, este artículo argumenta que después de un terremoto el sostén y la reproducción inmediata de la vida se basa en las diferentes estrategias desplegadas en colectivo, pues las acciones individuales o las respuestas Estatales parecen no bastar. Así, el texto reconstruye las experiencias alrededor del terremoto, examina las principales necesidades que surgieron y analiza las creativas respuestas colectivas que las personas activaron ante la emergencia.
Keunggulan Podcast dalam Mengedukasi Masyarakat terhadap Program Vaksinasi Covid-19
Authors: Sugiono Shiddiq
Published: February 2022

Setiap orang maupun organisasi harus mengetahui keunggulan dari konten podcast sehingga dapat memaksimalkan efektivitas strategi komunikasi program vaksinasi Covid-19. Adapun podcast merupakan konten media yang mendapatkan perhatian publik pada masa pandemi. Pemanfaatan konsep wawancara pada podcast perlu dimaksimalkan oleh setiap pemangku kepentingan karena pada masa pandemi banyak disinformasi dalam berbagai bentuk yang berpotensi menghambat kesuksesan program vaksinasi. Penyampaian informasi kesehatan menjadi salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai berbagai keunggulan podcast dalam memberikan pemahaman maupun kesadaran masyarakat terhadap vaksinasi Covid-19 melalui perspektif peningkatan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber literatur didapatkan dari basis data Google Scholar dengan kata kunci podcast, vaccine, dan covid-19. Hasil sintesis dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian ini menyebutkan bahwa podcast memiliki 4 keunggulan yang dapat digunakan sebagai peluang dalam mengomunikasikan pemahaman tentang vaksinasi yakni: menghadirkan expert, kemudahan akses informasi, keunggulan konten berjenis audio serta bersifat user generated content/UGC. Dengan menghadirkan Narasumber yang kredibel, konten podcast diharapkan mampu meningkatkan validitas informasi yang disampaikan sehingga masyarakat dapat terhindar dari berita bohong maupun hoaks. Adapun podcast dapat dibuat oleh siapa pun, tak hanya individu tetapi juga lembaga pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan hingga industri kesehatan sekalipun sehingga dapat memperluas cakupan edukasi masyarakat. Pada akhirnya podcast dinilai mampu berperan meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat karena berbagai stakeholder turut berinisiatif untuk mengomunikasikan vaksinasi. Kajian ini turut membangun kerangka konseptual sebagai model untuk memahami relevansi keunggulan podcast dalam mendukung edukasi vaksinasi Covid-19.
PROBLEMS OF WRITING FOREIGN ONOMASTIC NOMINATIONS IN LATIN SCRIPT
Authors: Turgynbaeva Zh.
Published: February 2022

Many toponymic names served as information and reference to a specific object even before the advent of writing system. The close connection of toponymy with geography, history, ethnography confirms the fact that this is an area of cultural value. Particular attention should be paid to the correct formulation of foreign onomastic nominations in accordance with the sound system of our language and their transliteration in accordance with the single standard.The article deals with the issues of transliteration of exonyms in the Kazakh language in the development of a world political map and a directory of foreign geographical names.
AN OUTLINE OF THE ANALYTICAL APPROACH TOWARDS THE KAZAKH VERBAL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Chernev V.
Published: February 2022

The Kazakh morphology has always been one of the key research topics in the Kazakh linguistics, as well as a key matter in the Kazakh teaching methodology. Nevertheless, it is evident that some of the topics related to Kazakh verbal morphology still require a thorough research. In particular, creation and use of the modern software for morphological analysis, as well as outlining more comprehensive methods of teaching Kazakh as a second/foreign language [1] may require a different approach towards the morphological analysis. Even though the analytical morphology pattern outlined in this paper does not contradict the internal structure of the Kazakh language, it has not been in consistent use either in the academic grammars, or in the KSL/KFL teaching methodology.

The paper provides a consistent distinction between primary and secondary finite forms. The former denote a temporal and personal meaning in every single context, regardless of any peculiarities thereof, whereas the latter are essentially based on verbals (also known as non-finite verb forms) [2]. In terms of a strictly morphological approach the “secondary tenses» are predicative forms of verbals. The tense meaning conveyed by these forms lies rather in the field of semantics than in the field of morphology
AKHMET BAITURSYNULY AND ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LANGUAGE CULTURE (THESIS OF THE REPORT)
Authors: Uali N.
Published: February 2022

The basis of the conceptual position of the scientist in the transformation of the culture of writing into the heritage of the nation was, firstly, a deep knowledge of the rich oral literature, folklore heritage; secondly, a clear awareness of the linguistic identity and intransigence of the Kazakh people who inhabited the boundless Great Steppe. Therefore, in terms of continuity in relation to the teachings of Akhmet Baitursynuly, one of the urgent issues is to give it a national character through a radical reform of the Kazakh script.
The computer-program ExeSystem in rehabilitation of neurological adult patients with executive dysfunctions
Authors: Iwański Szczepan , Seniów Joanna
Published: February 2022

A special challenge in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of adult patients with acquired brain injury is therapy in disorders of the executive (or supervisory) system. It is mainly due to the large capacity of the meaning of this term, including functions from the highest, prefrontal level of hierarchical cerebral regulation, and the lack of professionally prepared therapeutic programs for this diverse group of patients. The article presents the first Polish computer program ExeSystem containing tasks to be used in the rehabilitation of patients with executive dysfunctions. The training tasks are primarily functional, involving the executive aspects of attention, working memory, the ability to plan complex actions, learning to remember effectively, and the social aspects of behavior. Apart from therapeutic applications, the program may facilitate scientific research on the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation and the development of its standards. The authors also present preliminary data on the usefulness of the ExeSystem in rehabilitation based on the opinions of neuropsychologists using the program and patients undergoing therapy.
Ureteral Injury Following Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion After Five Years: A Rare Case
Authors: Mirsani Amin , Karkon Shayan Sepideh , Sadeghian Abbas , Baradaran Raheleh
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ureteral injuries are considered as rare complications of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). There are few reports in the literature on ureteral injuries following PLIF. The present report presented a case of right ureteral injury by passing five years from PLIF. Case Presentation: The patient was a 51-year-old woman who has been referred to urologist with the complaints of flank pain, fever, anorexia, vomiting, and nausea, and a history of PLIF five years ago. After radiological examinations, ureteral obstruction was diagnosed and then open surgery was performed. Severe adhesions and fibrosis were observed in the retroperitoneal next to the lumbar vertebra implant. Thereafter, the ureteral stenosis was removed, the ureter was anastomosed end-to-end, and Double J was placed. The anastomosis site was covered with a flap of perinephric adipose tissue in order to prevent re-fibrosis. Conclusions: This report aimed to inform surgeons of a rare complication, a ureteral injury that has happened five years after PLIF, along with its non-specific signs.