bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Checking the Cain Plain Subsurface Layers (South of Birjand) by Remote Sensing
Authors: Hajizadeh Farnusch , Reza Akhondi Saeed
Published: January 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;" lang="EN-US">By processing telemetry data aquifer region were studied. Considering that in this area the importance of the geological layers have been examined, as resulting number of layers are limited to three layers (fractures, topography, lithology).<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;" lang="EN-US">The combination of less scattering layer and only through certain areas of overlap can be studied.The layers can be seen that the regions of eastern and southern plains have the most overlap and are worth exploring, but the central and western plains have minimal overlap and are sometimes exploration rank next review of the non-value are exploratory.
Pilot-Scale Production of Washed Cottonseed Meal and Co-Products
Authors: He Zhongqi , Klasson Thomas , Wang Donghai , Li Ningbo , Zhang Hailin , Zhang Dunhua , Wedegaertner Tom
Published: January 2016

Enhanced utilization of defatted cottonseed meal (CSM)-based products as biobased raw materials would increase the profitability of cotton growers and processors. In this work, a multiple-step procedure that can be used to produce water washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) and a co-product water soluble cottonseed protein (CSPw) from CSM was tested at pilot scale. Alternatively, the procedure can also be used to produce CSPw, alkali soluble protein (CSPa) and the protein extracted insoluble residue (CSIR). The chemical composition of these pilot-produced products was generally comparable to that of the corresponding laboratory-prepared products. The fiber content was higher in the pilot-produced WCSM than in laboratory-produced product mainly due to the higher fiber content in the mill-based starting meal material used in the pilot trial. The protein content in the pilot-produced CSPw was only 64.4% of the solid matter, indicating that additional rinse is needed before drying the HCl-precipitated CSPw fraction. Per the yield and composition data, it was concluded that it was feasible to produce the four products WCSM, CSPw, CSPa, and CSIR from CSM in a large scale. Thus, adoption of this procedure would provide the necessary quantities for exploring the practical utilization of these products in biomaterial industry.
Utility Tackles Fluoridation Operation Obstacles
Authors: Thomas Megan , Roueiheb Khaled
Published: January 2016

By using a new design for sodium fluoride feed systems, the city of Sacramento, Calif., drastically reduced operational headaches and groundwater well production shutdowns.
Population genomics reveals the origin and asexual evolution of human infective trypanosomes
Authors: Weir William , Capewell Paul , Foth Bernardo , Clucas Caroline , Pountain Andrew , Steketee Pieter , Veitch Nicola , Koffi Mathurin , De Meeûs Thierry , Kaboré Jacques , Camara Mamadou , Cooper Anneli , Tait Andy , Jamonneau Vincent , Bucheton Bruno , Berriman Matt , MacLeod Annette
Published: January 2016

Evolutionary theory predicts that the lack of recombination and chromosomal re-assortment in strictly asexual organisms results in homologous chromosomes irreversibly accumulating mutations and thus evolving independently of each other, a phenomenon termed the Meselson effect. We apply a population genomics approach to examine this effect in an important human pathogen, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. We determine that T.b. gambiense is evolving strictly asexually and is derived from a single progenitor, which emerged within the last 10,000 years. We demonstrate the Meselson effect for the first time at the genome-wide level in any organism and show large regions of loss of heterozygosity, which we hypothesise to be a short-term compensatory mechanism for counteracting deleterious mutations. Our study sheds new light on the genomic and evolutionary consequences of strict asexuality, which this pathogen uses as it exploits a new biological niche, the human population.
Human cytomegalovirus IE1 protein alters the higher-order chromatin structure by targeting the acidic patch of the nucleosome
Authors: Fang Qianglin , Chen Ping , Wang Mingzhu , Fang Junnan , Yang Na , Li Guohong , Xu Rui-Ming
Published: January 2016

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) immediate early 1 (IE1) protein associates with condensed chromatin of the host cell during mitosis. We have determined the structure of the chromatin-tethering domain (CTD) of IE1 bound to the nucleosome core particle, and discovered that the specific interaction between IE1-CTD and the H2A-H2B acidic patch impairs the compaction of higher-order chromatin structure. Our results suggest that IE1 loosens up the folding of host chromatin during hCMV infections.
Hybrid tunnel junction contacts to III–nitride light-emitting diodes
Authors: Young Erin C. , Yonkee Benjamin P. , Wu Feng , Oh Sang Ho , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji , Speck James S.
Published: January 2016

In this work, we demonstrate highly doped GaN p–n tunnel junction (TJ) contacts on III–nitride heterostructures where the active region of the device and the top p-GaN layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and highly doped n-GaN was grown by NH3 molecular beam epitaxy to form the TJ. The regrowth interface in these hybrid devices was found to have a high concentration of oxygen, which likely enhanced tunneling through the diode. For optimized regrowth, the best tunnel junction device had a total differential resistivity of 1.5 × 10−4 Ω cm2, including contact resistance. As a demonstration, a blue-light-emitting diode on a (

) GaN substrate with a hybrid tunnel junction and an n-GaN current spreading layer was fabricated and compared with a reference sample with a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer. The tunnel junction LED showed a lower forward operating voltage and a higher efficiency at a low current density than the TCO LED.
Influence of polymeric electron injection layers on the electrical properties of solution-processed multilayered polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Itoh Eiji , Kurami Kazuhiko
Published: January 2016

In this study, we fabricated multilayered polymer-based light-emitting diodes (pLEDs) with various solution-processed electron-injection layers (EILs), and investigated the influence of the EILs on the electrical properties of pLEDs in indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-(1,4-phenylene((4-sec-butylphenyl)amino)-1,4-phenylene))] (TFB) (HTL)/poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-1,4-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) (EML)/EIL/Al structures. We have used the quaternized ammonium π-conjugated polyelectrolyte derivative (poly[(9,9-di(3,3′-N,N′-trimethylammonium)propylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-phenylene)]diiodide salt) (PF–PDTA), a mixture of PF–PDTA and CS2CO3, and the aliphatic-amine-based polymer poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) as solution-processed EILs, and compared them with LiF as a solvent-free EIL. The EILs enhanced the electron injection and improve the pLED performance. High external quantum efficiencies of nearly 4% were obtained in the pLEDs with the combination of a multilayered structure fabricated by a transfer printing technique and EILs of a PF–PDTA:CS2CO3 mixture and PEI. On the other hand, the device with PF–PDTA exhibited lower efficiency, higher driving voltage, and larger leakage current at lower voltage. The migration of ionic charges was suggested from the abnormal dielectric behaviors, and serious damage on the electrode material occurred when both an acid hole-injection layer (PEDOT:PSS) and PF–PDTA were used. On the other hand, the pLEDs with ultrathin PEI showed high performance and stable device operation in terms of the influence of ionic charges.
Generating optimal control simulations of musculoskeletal movement using OpenSim and MATLAB
Authors: Lee Leng-Feng , Umberger Brian R.
Published: January 2016

Computer modeling, simulation and optimization are powerful tools that have seen increased use in biomechanics research. Dynamic optimizations can be categorized as either data-tracking or predictive problems. The data-tracking approach has been used extensively to address human movement problems of clinical relevance. The predictive approach also holds great promise, but has seen limited use in clinical applications. Enhanced software tools would facilitate the application of predictive musculoskeletal simulations to clinically-relevant research. The open-source software OpenSim provides tools for generating tracking simulations but not predictive simulations. However, OpenSim includes an extensive application programming interface that permits extending its capabilities with scripting languages such as MATLAB. In the work presented here, we combine the computational tools provided by MATLAB with the musculoskeletal modeling capabilities of OpenSim to create a framework for generating predictive simulations of musculoskeletal movement based on direct collocation optimal control techniques. In many cases, the direct collocation approach can be used to solve optimal control problems considerably faster than traditional shooting methods. Cyclical and discrete movement problems were solved using a simple 1 degree of freedom musculoskeletal model and a model of the human lower limb, respectively. The problems could be solved in reasonable amounts of time (several seconds to 1–2 hours) using the open-source IPOPT solver. The problems could also be solved using the fmincon solver that is included with MATLAB, but the computation times were excessively long for all but the smallest of problems. The performance advantage for IPOPT was derived primarily by exploiting sparsity in the constraints Jacobian. The framework presented here provides a powerful and flexible approach for generating optimal control simulations of musculoskeletal movement using OpenSim and MATLAB. This should allow researchers to more readily use predictive simulation as a tool to address clinical conditions that limit human mobility.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazoles via Cascade [3,3]‐Propargylic Rearrangement/[4+2] Cycloaddition of Vinylindoles and Propargylic Esters
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Arpini Elisa , Dell'Acqua Monica , Vicente Rubén , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: January 2016

A gold(I)‐catalyzed cascade [3,3]‐propargylic rearrangement and [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 2‐vinylindoles with propargylic esters is reported. The reaction leads to the synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives in high yields and diasteroselectivities. Furthermore, a preliminary screening for an asymmetric version of this reaction is described.

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Copper(I)‐Catalysed Multicomponent Reaction: Straightforward Access to 5‐Hydroxy‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones
Authors: Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Commeiras Laurent
Published: January 2016

A copper‐catalysed multicomponent coupling reaction between readily available (Z)‐3‐iodoacrylic acids, terminal alkynes, and primary amines was developed to smoothly access a small library of 5‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones in good yields. This practical and general process was applied to a short‐steps synthesis of the natural product pulchellalactam.

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Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, and Self‐assembly Behavior of Two Hexaazatriphenylene Derivatives: A Single Bond Makes a Big Difference
Authors: Qian Cheng , Zhao Wei‐Hao , Tian Yuan , Jiang Guo‐Fang , Zhan Tian‐Guang , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2016

A hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) derivative (compound 1) that bears four n‐octyl chains and two thienyl groups was designed and synthesized. Further light‐induced oxidation coupling reaction led to thienyl‐fused compound 2. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties and self‐assembly behavior have been investigated by UV/Vis, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). Although the difference in compounds 1 and 2 only lie in one single bond that connects the two thienyl segments, they displayed remarkably different properties, revealing an interesting structure–property relationship.
A geoengineering approach toward tackling tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Ghosh S. , Sharma A. , Arora S. , Desouza G.
Published: January 2016

The concept of seeding giant‐sized ocean salt water aerosols in the eye‐wall of a cyclonic storm abruptly increasing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration is investigated. To bring this to effect, design of a novel injection mechanism – a modified naval artillery shell, tailor made for the Indian Navy fleet, containing sea‐salt solution to disperse the CCN is proposed. The effect of the seeding is modeled using a robust optimized warm rain microphysical scheme – amenable for quick local forecasts within the Weather Research and Forecast framework. The combined protocol results in a significant decrease in precipitation tendencies upon landfall.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Monomers by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Cardanol and its Derivatives
Authors: Mgaya James E. , Bartlett Stuart A. , Mubofu Egid B. , Mgani Quintino A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Pogorzelec Peter J. , Cole‐Hamilton David J.
Published: January 2016

A 1,2‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphinomethyl)benzene‐modified palladium catalyst has been used to synthesize bifunctional monomers of different chain lengths from cardanol. Short‐chain derivatives of cardanol, such as (E)‐3‐(dodec‐8‐enyl)phenol; HOPhC12‐ene, (E)‐3‐(undec‐8‐enyl)phenol; HOPhC11‐ene, (E)‐3‐(dec‐8‐enyl)phenol; HOPhC10‐ene, and 3‐(non‐8‐enyl)phenol; HOPhC9‐ene, were synthesized by the metathesis of cardanol with symmetrical internal alkenes. These derivatives were methoxycarbonylated to produce monomers with different chain lengths such as methyl‐16‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)hexadecanoate; HOPhC15COOMe, methyl‐13‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)tridecanoate; HOPhC12COOMe, methyl‐12‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)dodecanoate; HOPhC11COOMe, methyl‐11‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)undecanoate; HOPhC10COOMe, and methyl‐10‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)decanoate; HOPhC9COOMe, respectively. Polymerization of the synthesized monomers produced oligomers that consist of up to seven monomer units as confirmed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Lactone formation was also observed in some cases under polymerization conditions.
A Novel (R)‐Imine Reductase from Paenibacillus lactis for Asymmetric Reduction of 3 H‐Indoles
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Guang‐Xiang , Li Liu‐Mei , Ou Yu‐Shi , Wang Ming‐Yang , Li Chun‐Xiu , Zheng Gao‐Wei , Xu Jian‐He
Published: January 2016

A novel (R)‐imine reductase (PlRIR) from Paenibacillus lactis was heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. The purified PlRIR exhibited relatively high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km=1.58 s−1 mm−1) towards 2,3,3‐trimethylindolenine. A panel of 3H‐indoles and 3H‐indole iodides were reduced by PlRIR to yield the corresponding products with good‐to‐excellent enantioselectivity (66–98 % ee). In addition, PlRIR also possesses good activities toward other types of imines such as pyrroline, tetrahydropyridine, and dihydroisoquinoline, indicating a reasonably broad substrate acceptance. In a 100 mg scale preparative reaction, 100 mm 2,3,3‐trimethylindolenine was converted efficiently to afford (R)‐2,3,3‐trimethylindoline with 96 % ee and 81 % yield.
De Novo Synthesis of Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Embedded, Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbon Nanoparticles (Au@NC) with Enhanced Reduction Ability
Authors: Liao Yu‐Te , Chen Jeffrey E. , Isida Yohei , Yonezawa Tetsu , Chang Wei‐Chen , Alshehri Saad M. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wu Kevin C.‐W.
Published: January 2016

The front cover artwork for Issue 03/2016 is provided by the National Taiwan University (Taiwan). The image shows the implantation of Au nanoparticles inside zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) derived nanoporous carbon nanoparticles by means of a de novo process. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201501020.
Efficient Water Splitting Catalyzed by Cobalt Phosphide‐Based Nanoneedle Arrays Supported on Carbon Cloth
Authors: Wang Peng , Song Fang , Amal Rose , Ng Yun Hau , Hu Xile
Published: January 2016

Efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for water splitting are essential for solar fuel production. Herein, we report that nanoarrays of CoP supported on carbon cloth are an efficient bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting. The catalyst exhibits remarkable activity for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 281 mV for OER and 95 mV for HER. During electrocatalysis, the surface of the CoP catalyst was covered with a layer of CoOx, which was the active species. However, the CoP core and the nanoarray morphology contributed significantly to the activity.
Latent class analysis of the Apathy Scale does not identify subtypes of apathy in general population‐based older persons
Authors: Groeneweg‐Koolhoven Isis , Huitema Lotte J. , de Waal Margot W. M. , Stek Max L. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , van der Mast Roos C. , Rhebergen Didi
Published: January 2016

Objectives

To identify clinically relevant subtypes of apathy in older persons using latent class analysis (LCA) and investigate the distribution of different characteristics across these subtypes. Measurements: Cross‐sectional data of 122 older persons (mean age 84 years, 60% female) participating in the general population‐based PROactive Management Of Depression in the Elderly study, with apathy according to a score of 14 or higher on the Apathy Scale, were included for LCA. All 14 items of the Apathy Scale were used as indicator variables. Several characteristics were examined including sociodemographics, depressive, and anxiety symptoms; global cognitive function; quality of life indicators; hazardous alcohol intake (drinking ≥ 14 consumptions per week); and perceived chronic pain.

Results

Three distinct LCA classes were found classifying 17%, 7%, and 76% of the participants respectively. Individuals in the first class had a higher level of education and were less likely to live alone. Those in the second class had higher apathy and depression scores, lived more frequently alone and used more alcohol. Individuals in the third class showed a lower level of education and worse cognitive function. In multivariable multinomial analyses, only a lower educational level and higher scores on the Apathy Scale were significant predictors for class membership.

Conclusion

Differences between LCA‐derived classes were minimal, suggesting that in a general population‐based cohort the Apathy Scale measures a homogeneous construct. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amyloid deposition in semantic dementia: a positron emission tomography study
Authors: Brown Eric E. , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Houle Sylvain , Mizrahi Romina , Wilson Alan A. , Pollock Bruce G. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Felsky Daniel , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Verhoeff Nicolaas P. L. G. , Freedman Morris , Ismail Zahinoor , Chow Tiffany W.
Published: January 2016

Background

Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]‐PIB) identifies amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in vivo. Asymptomatic Aβ deposition has been reported consistently in some healthy older subjects. Of patients with frontotemporal dementia, those who have later onset have a higher potential for Aβ deposition.

Objective

Comparison of Aβ deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD), healthy older controls, and patients with early‐ and late‐onset semantic dementia (SD), a subtype of frontotemporal dementia.

Methods

Subjects were recruited from tertiary academic care centers specializing in assessment and management of patients with neurodegenerative disease. We used the radiotracer [11C]‐PIB in a high‐resolution positron emission tomography scanner to evaluate 11 participants with SD (six with onset before age 65 and five with later onset), 9 with probable AD, and 10 controls over age 60. The main outcome measures were frontal, temporal, parietal, and total [11C]‐PIB standardized uptake value ratios to establish PIB‐positive (PIB+) cutoff.

Results

The five patients with late‐onset SD were PIB‐negative. Two of six with early‐onset SD, seven of nine with AD, and 1 of 10 controls were PIB+. The SD participants who were PIB+ did not have memory or visuospatial deficits that are typical in AD.

Conclusions

Aβ deposition does not seem to be associated with late‐onset SD. Future larger studies might confirm whether a significant minority of early‐onset SD patients exhibit Aβ deposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rigorous test of a model of employees' resource recovery mechanisms during a weekend
Authors: Ragsdale Jennifer M. , Beehr Terry A.
Published: January 2016

Employees' recovery from the effects of occupational stress can be affected by their actions during time away from work. Conservation of resources theory argues that a key to an effective stress recovery process is the replenishment of resources during off‐work time (a weekend in the present study). We test a model of the stress recovery process during a weekend whereby two recovery mechanisms (weekend activities and recovery experiences) improve two personal resources (self‐regulatory capacity and state optimism), subsequently affecting psychological outcomes (work engagement and burnout) at the start of the next workweek. Employees (n = 233) from various jobs responded to online surveys before and after a weekend. Controlling for pre‐weekend resource levels and psychological outcomes assessed on Friday, the two weekend stress recovery mechanisms (weekend activities and recovery experiences) contributed to improving or maintaining self‐regulatory and optimism resources on Monday. Of note, psychological detachment may result in less rather than more of the resource of state optimism on Monday. Monday resource levels were linked to improved work engagement and burnout. As proposed by conservation of resources theory, employees can benefit from participating in activities that replenish resources necessary to meet work demands upon returning to work after a weekend. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of potential evapotranspiration in the northern Loess Plateau of China: recent trends and climatic drivers
Authors: Ning Tingting , Li Zhi , Liu Wenzhao , Han Xiaoyang
Published: January 2016

Potential evapotranspiration represents the maximum evaporative capacity for a region, which underscores the importance of analysing its changes and attribution to provide information for water resource management. This study focused on the northern Loess Plateau of China, investigated the changes in potential evapotranspiration (ET0) using data from 34 stations during 1960–2013 and conducted its temporal and spatial attribution through the differentiation equation method. The results show that the annual mean ET0 is 1004.9 mm with a decreasing trend at the rate of 0.33 mm year−1. The lowest values were found in the northeast and southwest regions, while the greatest ET0 was in the northwest region. An ‘evaporation paradox’ existed as a whole, but not obviously. The ET0 was most sensitive to actual vapour pressure (ea), followed by solar radiation (Rs), mean temperature (Tmean) and wind speed (U2). The inter‐annual variation in the sensitivity of ET0 in relation to climatic factors showed that ET0 became more sensitive to U2 and Tmean but less sensitive to Rs and ea from 1960 to 2013. Temporally, the increasing Tmean resulted in the increase of ET0; while its effect was weakened by the other three factors, especially by decreasing U2. The contributions of climatic factors to the ET0 spatial variation trends were also analysed along two transects, but the dominant factors were different for each transect. Furthermore, the possible impacts of human activities on ET0 changes were also discussed.
Mid‐Pleistocene thin‐skinned glaciotectonic thrusting of the Aberdeen Ground Formation, Central Graben region, central North Sea
Authors: Vaughan‐Hirsch David P. , Phillips Emrys R.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the results of a high‐resolution 2D seismic survey of mid‐Pleistocene glaciogenic sediments in the Central Graben region of the central North Sea. Sediments have undergone major glaciotectonic thrusting and folding associated with the repeated southerly advance of a mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet. The total observed length of the thrust‐stacked section is approximately 5–6 km, comprising a series of discrete thrust slices, which range in length from < 300 m to > 700 m. The basal detachment of the thrust complex occurs at a depth of ca. 220 m below the sea bed within the upper Aberdeen Ground Formation. A thin‐skinned glaciotectonic model involving proglacial to ice‐marginal glaciotectonic thrusting followed by post‐tectonic deposition is proposed. Initial ice advance led to the over‐pressurizing of groundwater within a laterally extensive sand sheet in the upper Aberdeen Ground Formation, promoting the formation of a major décollement surface at the base of the developing thrust‐stack. Over‐pressurization of the groundwater system is thought to have occurred in response to rapid ice advance, suggesting that the development of large‐scale thrust complexes may be associated with surge‐type behaviour. The proposed model evidences complex dynamics of mid‐Pleistocene ice sheets within the central North Sea.
Small‐Scale Thermal Studies of Volatile Homemade Explosives
Authors: Sandstrom Mary M. , Brown Geoffrey W. , Warner Kirstin F. , Sorensen Daniel N. , Phillips Jason J. , Shelley Timothy J. , Reyes Jose A. , Hsu Peter C. , Reynolds John G.
Published: January 2016

Several homemade or improvised explosive mixtures that either contained volatile components or produced volatile products were examined using standard small‐scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing that employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques (constant heating rate and standard sample holders). KClO3 and KClO4 mixtures with dodecane exhibited different enthalpy behavior when using a vented sample holder in contrast to a sealed sample holder. The standard configuration produced profiles that exhibited only endothermic transitions. The sealed system produced profiles that exhibited additional exothermic transitions absent in the standard configuration produced profiles. When H2O2/fuel mixtures were examined, the volatilization of the peroxide (endothermic) dominated the profiles. When a sealed sample holder was used, the energetic releases of the mixture could be clearly observed. For AN and AN mixtures, the high temperature decomposition appears as an intense endothermic event. Using a nominally sealed sample holder also did not adequately contain the system. Only when a high‐pressure rated sample holder was used the high temperature decomposition of the AN could be detected as an exothermic release. The testing was conducted during a proficiency (or round‐robin type) test that included three U.S. Department of Energy and two U.S. Department of Defense laboratories. In the course of this proficiency test, certain HMEs exhibited thermal behavior that was not adequately accounted for by standard techniques. Further examination of this atypical behavior highlighted issues that may have not been recognized previously because some of these materials are not routinely tested. More importantly, if not recognized, the SSST testing results could lead to inaccurate safety assessments. This study provides examples, where standard techniques can be applied, and results can be obtained, but these results may be misleading in establishing thermal properties.
Postoperative Elevation of the Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Complications Following Esophageal Resection
Authors: Vulliamy Paul , McCluney Simon , Mukherjee Samrat , Ashby Luke , Amalesh Thangadorai
Published: January 2016

Background

Complications following esophagectomy are a significant source of morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early identification of complications following esophagectomy, as compared to other routinely available parameters.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy at a single centre. Baseline characteristics and complications occurring within the first 30 days of surgery were recorded. White blood cell counts and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels immediately following surgery (day 0) and over the subsequent three postoperative days were analysed.

Results

Sixty‐five patients were included, of whom 29 (45 %) developed complications. The median NLR was similar among patients with and without a complicated recovery on day 0 (12.7 vs 13.6, p = 0.70) and day 1 (10.0 vs 9.3, p = 0.29). Patients who subsequently developed complications had a higher NLR on day 2 (11.8 vs 7.5, p < 0.001) and day 3 (9.0 vs 6.5, p = 0.001) compared to those whose recovery was uncomplicated. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic plots for the diagnostic performance of the NLR, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and CRP level at each time point demonstrated that the NLR on day 2 had the greatest discriminatory ability in predicting complications, with an area under the curve of 0.83 (95 % CI 0.73–0.94). An NLR of >8.3 on day 2 had a sensitivity of 93 % and a specificity of 72 % for predicting complications.

Conclusion

The NLR is a simple and routinely available parameter which has a high sensitivity in the early detection of complications following esophagectomy.
Torn between state and market: Private policy implementation and conflicting institutional logics
Authors: Thomann Eva , Lieberherr Eva , Ingold Karin
Published: January 2016

Policy implementation by private actors constitutes a “missing link” for understanding the implications of private governance. This paper proposes and assesses an institutional logics framework that combines a top-down, policy design approach with a bottom-up, implementation perspective on discretion. We argue that the conflicting institutional logics of the state and the market, in combination with differing degrees of goal ambiguity, accountability and hybridity play a crucial role for output performance. These arguments are analyzed based on a secondary analysis of seven case studies of private and hybrid policy implementation in diverging contexts. We find that aligning private output performance with public interests is at least partly a question of policy design congruence: private implementing actors tend to perform deficiently when the conflicting logics of the state and the market combine with weak accountability mechanisms.
Facial Emotion Recognition and Faux Pas Interpretation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Henry A. , Bakchine S. , Maarouf A. , Chaunu M. P. , Rumbach L. , Magnin E. , Tourbah A. , Montreuil M.
Published: January 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to physical and cognitive disability. The impact of the disease on social cognition has only come to light quite recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the social cognition abilities of MS patients and their links with characteristics of the disease, such as physical disability, cognitive impairment and disease duration.

The performances of a group of 64 MS patients were compared with that of 30 matched healthy individuals in facial emotion recognition and Faux Pas tasks as well as on a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests.

The MS patients performed worse than the control group in the recognition of the expressions of fear and anger and in the interpretation of faux pas. The impairment in social cognition increased with overall disease course. Executive impairment did not correlate with the performance in the social cognition tests.

Our results show that emotional impairment is observed at early stages of the disease in the absence of cognitive dysfunction, even if social cognition abilities worsen with the progression of MS. These data highlight the need to attempt to identify these impairments in clinical practice.
Effect of Variation in Test Methods on Performance of Ultraviolet-C Radiation Room Decontamination
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Tomas Myreen E. , Sankar Thriveen , Jencson Annette , Mathew J. Itty , Kundrapu Sirisha , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of variation in test methods on performance of an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) room decontamination device.

DESIGN

Laboratory evaluation.

METHODS

We compared the efficacy of 2 UV-C room decontamination devices with low pressure mercury gas bulbs. For 1 of the devices, we evaluated the effect of variation in spreading of the inoculum, carrier orientation relative to the device, type of organic load, type of carrier, height of carrier, and uninterrupted versus interrupted exposures on measured UV-C killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile spores.

RESULTS

The 2 UV-C room decontamination devices achieved similar log10 colony-forming unit reductions in the pathogens with exposure times ranging from 5 to 40 minutes. On steel carriers, spreading of the inoculum over a larger surface area significantly enhanced killing of both pathogens, such that a 10-minute exposure on a 22-mm2 disk resulted in greater than 2 log reduction in C. difficile spores. Orientation of carriers in parallel rather than perpendicular with the UV-C lamps significantly enhanced killing of both pathogens. Different types of organic load also significantly affected measured organism reductions, whereas type of carrier, variation in carrier height, and interrupted exposure cycles did not.

CONCLUSIONS

Variation in test methods can significantly impact measured reductions in pathogens by UV-C devices during experimental testing. Our findings highlight the need for standardized laboratory methods for testing the efficacy of UV-C devices and for evaluations of the efficacy of short UV-C exposure times in real-world settings.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:555–560
Tank-treading of microcapsules in shear flow
Authors: de Loubens C. , Deschamps J. , Edwards-Levy F. , Leonetti M.
Published: January 2016

We investigated experimentally the deformation of soft microcapsules and the dynamics of their membrane in simple shear flows. Firstly, the tank-treading motion, i.e. the rotation of the membrane, was visualized and quantified by tracking particles included in the membrane by a new protocol. The period of membrane rotation increased quadratically with the extension of the long axis. The tracking of the distance between two close microparticles showed membrane contraction at the tips and stretching on the sides, a specific property of soft particles such as capsules. The present experimental results are discussed in regard to previous numerical simulations. This analysis showed that the variation of the tank-treading period with the Taylor parameter (deformation) cannot be explained by purely elastic membrane models. It suggests a strong effect of membrane viscosity whose order of magnitude is determined. Secondly, two distinct shapes of sheared microcapsules were observed. For moderate deformations, the shape was a steady ellipsoid in the shear plane. For larger deformations, the capsule became asymmetric and presented an S-like shape. When the viscous shear stress increased by three orders of magnitude, the short axis decreased by 70 % whereas the long axis increased by 100 % before any break-up. The inclination angle decreased from 40° to 8°, almost aligned with the flow direction as expected by theory and numerics on capsules and from experiments, theory and numerics on drops and vesicles. Whatever the microcapsule size and the concentration of proteins, the characteristic lengths of the shape, the Taylor parameter and the inclination angle satisfy master curves versus the long axis or the normalized shear stress or the capillary number in agreement with theory for non-negligible membrane viscosity in the regime of moderate deformations. Finally, we observed that very small deviation from sphericity gave rise to swinging motion, i.e. shape oscillations, in the small-deformation regime. In conclusion, this study of tank-treading motion supports the role of membrane viscosity on the dynamics of microcapsules in shear flow by independent methods that compare experimental data both with numerical results in the regime of large deformations and with theory in the regime of moderate deformations.
RECONSTRUCTION OF SEPARABLY CATEGORICAL METRIC STRUCTURES
Authors: BEN YAACOV ITAÏ , KAÏCHOUH ADRIANE
Published: January 2016

We extend Ahlbrandt and Ziegler’s reconstruction results ([1]) to the metric setting: we show that separably categorical structures are determined, up to bi-interpretability, by their automorphism groups.
The number of additive triples in subsets of abelian groups
Authors: SAMOTIJ WOJCIECH , SUDAKOV BENNY
Published: January 2016

A set of elements of a finite abelian group is called sum-free if it contains no Schur triple, i.e., no triple of elementsx,y,zwithx+y=z. The study of how large the largest sum-free subset of a given abelian group is had started more than thirty years before it was finally resolved by Green and Ruzsa a decade ago. We address the following more general question. Suppose that a setAof elements of an abelian groupGhas cardinalitya. How many Schur triples mustAcontain? Moreover, which sets ofaelements ofGhave the smallest number of Schur triples? In this paper, we answer these questions for various groupsGand ranges ofa.
Genre: une mode récente mais qui vient de loin
Authors: ISAMBERT PAUL
Published: January 2016

Cet article étudie l’évolution du lexème genre, depuis des emplois prépositionnels jusqu’aux emplois interphrastiques les plus récents. Les données étudiées proviennent de corpus oraux et de messages d’un forum internet. On montre qu’il y a bien une évolution dont on peut rendre compte en termes de conventionnalisation de valeurs contextuelles, mais dont il est difficile de reconstruire la chronologie, les valeurs existantes et les valeurs nouvelles se superposant et s’influençant mutuellement. Néanmoins, on peut repérer que les emplois les plus novateurs se trouvent massivement chez les locuteurs les plus jeunes, signalant une évolution récente.
Time-Lapse Evaluation of Interactions Between Biodegradable Mg Particles and Cells
Authors: Alvarez Florencia , Lozano Puerto Rosa M. , Pérez-Maceda Blanca , Grillo Claudia A. , Fernández Lorenzo de Mele Mónica
Published: January 2016

Mg-based implants have promising applications as biodegradable materials in medicine for orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular therapies. During wear and degradation microdebris are released. Time-lapse multidimensional microscopy (MM) is proposed here as a suitable tool to follow, in fixed intervals over 24-h periods, the interaction between cells and particles. Results of MM show interactions of macrophages (J774) with the magnesium particles (MgPa) that led to modifications of cell size and morphology, a decrease in duplication rate, and cell damage. Corrosion products were progressively formed on the surface of the particles and turbulence was generated due to hydrogen development. Changes were more significant after treating MgPa with potassium fluoride. In order to complement MM observations, membrane damage as detected by a lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and mitochondrial activity as detected by a WST-1 assay with macrophages and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were compared. A more significant concentration-dependent effect was detected for macrophages exposed to MgPa than for osteoblasts. Accordingly, complementary data showed that viability and cell cycle seem to be more altered in macrophages. In addition, protein profiles and expression of proteins associated with the adhesion process changed in the presence of MgPa. These studies revealed that time-lapse MM is a helpful tool for monitoring changes of biodegradable materials and the biological surrounding in real time andin situ. This information is useful in studies related to biodegradable biomaterials.
Early life nutrition and the opportunity to influence long-term health: an Australasian perspective
Authors: Davies P. S. W. , Funder J. , Palmer D. J. , Sinn J. , Vickers M. H. , Wall C. R. ,   as the Australia and New Zealand Early Life Nutrition Working Party
Published: January 2016

There are now significant data to support the hypothesis that early life nutrition in the fetus, infant and young child can have profound effects on long-term health. This review considers some of this evidence with specific reference to the current burden of disease in Australia and New Zealand. As the findings of further research become available, recommendations on optimizing early life nutrition should be formulated and made widely available as part of the preventative health policy agenda in both Australia and New Zealand.
Using patient self-reports to study heterogeneity of treatment effects in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kessler R. C. , van Loo H. M. , Wardenaar K. J. , Bossarte R. M. , Brenner L. A. , Ebert D. D , de Jonge P. , Nierenberg A. A. , Rosellini A. J. , Sampson N. A. , Schoevers R. A. , Wilcox M. A. , Zaslavsky A. M.
Published: January 2016

Backgrounds.

Clinicians need guidance to address the heterogeneity of treatment responses of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). While prediction schemes based on symptom clustering and biomarkers have so far not yielded results of sufficient strength to inform clinical decision-making, prediction schemes based on big data predictive analytic models might be more practically useful.

Method.

We review evidence suggesting that prediction equations based on symptoms and other easily-assessed clinical features found in previous research to predict MDD treatment outcomes might provide a foundation for developing predictive analytic clinical decision support models that could help clinicians select optimal (personalised) MDD treatments. These methods could also be useful in targeting patient subsamples for more expensive biomarker assessments.

Results.

Approximately two dozen baseline variables obtained from medical records or patient reports have been found repeatedly in MDD treatment trials to predictoveralltreatment outcomes (i.e., interventionv.control) ordifferentialtreatment outcomes (i.e., intervention Av.intervention B). Similar evidence has been found in observational studies of MDD persistence-severity. However, no treatment studies have yet attempted to develop treatment outcome equations using the full set of these predictors. Promising preliminary empirical results coupled with recent developments in statistical methodology suggest that models could be developed to provide useful clinical decision support in personalised treatment selection. These tools could also provide a strong foundation to increase statistical power in focused studies of biomarkers and MDD heterogeneity of treatment response in subsequent controlled trials.

Conclusions.

Coordinated efforts are needed to develop a protocol for systematically collecting information about established predictors of heterogeneity of MDD treatment response in large observational treatment studies, applying and refining these models in subsequent pragmatic trials, carrying out pooled secondary analyses to extract the maximum amount of information from these coordinated studies, and using this information to focus future discovery efforts in the segment of the patient population in which continued uncertainty about treatment response exists.
Ensuring Coordination Among Regional Climate Science Programs
Authors: Enquist Carolyn , Jackson Stephen
Published: January 2016

National Adaptation Forum; St. Louis, Missouri, 12–14 May 2015
Stereodifferentiation of oak lactone by using multidimensional chromatographic techniques
Authors: Martínez Rosa M. , Barba Carmen , Santa-María Guillermo , Herraiz Marta
Published: January 2016

This work reports for the first time the use of on-line coupling of reversed phase liquid chromatography with gas chromatography for the stereodifferentiation of oak lactone, which is considered to be one of the main constituents of the aroma of different products.
Two-dimensional proton-detected 35Cl/1H correlation solid-state NMR experiment under fast magic angle sample spinning: application to pharmaceutical compounds
Authors: Pandey Manoj Kumar , Kato Hiroshi , Ishii Yuji , Nishiyama Yusuke
Published: January 2016

In this study, we have measured 35Cl/1H correlations in hydrochloride salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (HCl APIs) using the D-HMQC pulse sequence at fast MAS.
Exploring optical mechanotransduction in fluorescent liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Garcia-Amorós Jaume , Bassaganyas Sergi , Velasco Dolores
Published: January 2016

Carbazole-based liquid single elastomers: optical mechanotransduction under ambient conditions.
Fe1−xS/C nanocomposites from sugarcane waste-derived microporous carbon for high-performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Chundong , Lan Minhuan , Zhang Yi , Bian Haidong , Yuen Muk-Fung , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Jiang Jianjun , Zhang Wenjun , Li Yang Yang , Lu Jian
Published: January 2016

A scalable, green method to prepare microporous carbon from sugarcane waste for superior lithium storage capability of Fe1−xS.
Hyperbranched polymer mediated size-controlled synthesis of gadolinium phosphate nanoparticles: colloidal properties and particle size-dependence on MRI relaxivity
Authors: Frangville Camille , Gallois Maylis , Li Yichen , Nguyen Hong Hanh , Lauth-de Viguerie Nancy , Talham Daniel R. , Mingotaud Christophe , Marty Jean-Daniel
Published: January 2016

Core–shell(s) hyperbranched polymers were used to synthesize size-controlled gadolinium phosphate nanowires. An optimum particle size with high relaxivity values was evidenced.
Blending block copolymer micelles in solution; obstacles of blending
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Patterson Joseph P. , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Chassenieux Christophe , Colombani Olivier , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: January 2016

The concept of micelle blending is explored as a new route to afford well-defined polymer nanostructures.
Biotemplated hierarchical porous-structure of ZnAl-LDH/ZnCo2O4composites with enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic performance
Authors: Yu Jing , Lu Lu , Li Jia , Song Peng
Published: January 2016

Schematic illustration of the synthesis of pollen-like ZnAl-LDH/ZnCo2O4and its derived metal oxides.
Effect of double tailed cationic surfactants on the physicochemical behavior of hybrid vesicles
Authors: Koirala Suraj , Roy Biplab , Guha Pritam , Bhattarai Ravi , Sapkota Manish , Nahak Prasant , Karmakar Gourab , Mandal Amit Kumar , Kumar Anoop , Panda Amiya Kumar
Published: January 2016

Hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of vesicles along with the proposed models.
Synthesis of a carboxymethylated guar gum grafted polyethyleneimine copolymer as an efficient gene delivery vehicle
Authors: Jana Piyali , Sarkar Kishor , Mitra Tapas , Chatterjee Abhisek , Gnanamani A. , Chakraborti Gopal , Kundu P. P.
Published: January 2016

In the present study, a carboxymethylated guar gum-grafted-polyethyleneimine copolymer (CMGG-g-PEI) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD and zeta potential analyses.
Gas adsorption on MoS2/WS2 in-plane heterojunctions and the I–V response: a first principles study
Authors: Sun Jie , Lin Na , Ren Hao , Tang Cheng , Yang Letao , Zhao Xian
Published: January 2016

New artificial in-plane heterojunctions based on two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides fabricated in recent reports are considered able to offer great scope for applications.