bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYDROXYAPATITE/Si-DOPED TiN INTERLAYER COATINGS AS POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR SURFACE MODIFICATION OF MEDICAL-GRADE 316 LVM STAINLESS STEEL FOR BIOIMPLANT APPLICATIONS
Authors: SHAFI SYED MAHAMMAD , PATNAIK LOKESWAR , MAITY SAIKAT RANJAN , KUMAR SUNIL , SAXENA KULDEEP K. , PRAKASH CHANDER , BUDDHI DHARAM
Published: January 2023

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was deposited by plasma spraying technique with TiSiN adhesive interlayer on the medical-grade 316 LVM stainless steel. The surface topographies of HAp and HAp/TiSiN were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The important mechanical properties of the films such as hardness ([Formula: see text]) and elastic modulus ([Formula: see text]) were determined by the nanoindentation test. Lastly, the adhesion and anti-scratch behaviors of the films were evaluated by Rockwell-C indentation and nanoscratch test, respectively. The elemental analysis showed the values of Ca/P (at.%/at.%) ratio to be 1.80 and 1.59 in HAp and HAp/TiSiN coatings, respectively. The mechanical properties of HAp film with TiSiN interlayer were greatly improved from 1.23[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.26[Formula: see text]GPa to 10.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.12[Formula: see text]GPa for hardness and from 18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3[Formula: see text]GPa and 29.8[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 5[Formula: see text]GPa for elastic modulus, respectively. The results of the Rockwell-C indentation test showed a significant reduction in HAp coating delamination with TiSiN interlayer which can be categorized with HF2 or HF3 Daimler–Benz quality ranking. What is more, the nanoscratch profile of HAp coating showed wider scratch with evidence of deformation at the edges which got significantly reduced with the TiSiN interlayer. The results are suggestive of improved mechanical properties, viz. hardness and elastic modulus, and improved adhesion strength of HAp coating with TiSiN interlayer.
FLAKE POWDER METALLURGY APPROACH FOR PRODUCTION OF Al–Al2O3COMPOSITES WITH ENHANCED PROPERTIES
Authors: EFTEKHARIMILANI PARISA , AKHLAGHI FARSHAD
Published: January 2023

Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM) is utilized for the processing of Al–Al2O3composites. The effects of contents of 1-[Formula: see text]m-sized alumina (0, 3, 6 and 9 vol.%) on the microstructure, hardness, porosity and wear behavior of these composites are investigated. The as-received aluminum powder particles are milled in a planetary ball mill for different time durations (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h), and the resultant flake powders are characterized by sieving, SEM, optical microscopy and XRD to determine their particle size, morphology and grain size. Al flakes and different amounts of Al2O3powders are stacked into the mold cavity using a floating column filled with alcohol. Then the compacts are cold pressed at 750 MPa and sintered in a tube furnace at 655∘C for 60[Formula: see text]min. For comparison, reference samples from as-received aluminum powders are also fabricated. SEM studies showed a uniform distribution of alumina particles within the matrix of FPM-processed composites. These composites, despite their higher porosity, exhibited higher hardness levels and improved wear properties in comparison with the conventionally produced powder metallurgy (PM) counterparts. This is due to: (i) the special morphology of the flake powders that contributed to a more uniform distribution of alumina within the matrix and (ii) their smaller grain size due to work hardening that occurred during milling, which resulted in higher hardness values.
MECHANICAL AND WEAR EVOLUTION OF HYBRID Al COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH GRAPHITE AND BLAST FURNACE PARTICLES
Authors: SISWANTO WALUYO ADI , RAMÍREZ-CORONEL ANDRÉS ALEXIS , KAREEM A. K. , VINI MOHAMMAD HEYDARI , DANESHMAND SAEED
Published: January 2023

In this study, we tried to make hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) reinforced by adding steel slag and Gr particles in it by combined powder metallurgy and press bonding process with 15% of blast-furnace slag and variable values of Gr contents. By examining the composite microstructure, the excellent distribution of particles in matrix aluminum as well as accuracy in the results, no reaction is observed between Al and particles. The obtained results showed that the wear rate and density of hybrid composite samples decreased to 2.3% and 24% by increasing the Gr volume contents, respectively. Also, the wear rate of samples which is related to the hardness value, increased by 181% by increasing the Gr content up to 10[Formula: see text]vol.%.
EFFECTS OF SHOT PENNING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS OF SUBMERGED FRICTION STIR-WELDED AA6061-T6 ALLOY
Authors: RATHINASURIYAN C. , SANKAR R. , SENTHIL KUMAR V. S.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of shot peening on the mechanical characteristics of welded plates which were performed by Submerged Friction Stir Welding (SFSW) on AA6061-T6 alloy. SFSW was carried out under three cooling mediums like water, brine solution, and coolant oil at the rotational speed of 1200[Formula: see text]rpm and welding speed of 45[Formula: see text]mm/min, respectively. The welded samples from each cooling medium were subjected to a shot peening process. A tensile test was carried out on weld peened and welds unpeened joints. The hardness of the various zones of HAZ, TMAZ, and NZ was also investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructures of peened and unpeened joints formed by coolant samples. Shot peening has the potential to enhance the compressive residual stress of friction stir welded joints. According to these findings, shot peening had a greater impact on the mechanical properties of welded samples than unpeened samples, including tensile strength, percentage of elongation, and hardness. The grain size was a little bit smaller than the FSW sample because the surface of the welded samples was subjected to more strain during shot peening.
Hashed Access Policy-Based Secure Data Transmission Using SDHAK-ECC
Authors: Sikka Prateek
Published: January 2023

Cloud computing (CC), which provides numerous benefits to customers, is a new revolution in information technology. The benefits are on-demand, support, scalability, along with reduced cost usage of computing resources. However, with the prevailing techniques, the system’s authentication is still challenging and it leads to being vulnerable. Thus, utilizing Barrel Shift-centric Whirlpool Hashing-Secure Diffie Hellman ASCII Key-Elliptic Curve Cryptography (BSWH-SDHAK-ECC), the hashed access policy (AP)-grounded secure data transmission is presented in this paper. The data owner (DO) registers their information initially. The user login and verify their profile grounded on the registration. The user selects the data to upload to the Cloud Server (CS) after successful verification. The AP is created; after that, the image attributes are extracted; also, utilizing the BSWH approach, a hash code is produced for the AP. Concurrently, by utilizing the Adaptive Binary Shift-based Huffman Encoding (ABSHE) technique, the selected image is compressed. Also, by utilizing the SDHAK-ECC algorithm, the compressed image is encrypted. Lastly, to the CS, the created AP along with the encrypted image is uploaded. The data user sent the request to access and downloads the data. After that, the AP was provided to the user by the data owner. Next, the user sends it to the CS, which checks its AP with the user’s AP. When the AP is matched with the cloud AP, the encrypted data is downloaded and decrypted. Finally, the experimental outcomes revealed that the proposed model achieved a higher security value of 0.9970 that shows the proposed framework’s efficient performance in contrast to the prevailing techniques.
EFFECTIVE NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF EARLY OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE JOINT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL — A PROSPECTIVE SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Mruthyunjaya  , Singh Sumith Pal , Sundaresh Srikanth , Adarsh T.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of joints presenting with pain, swelling, stiffness, crepitus, deformation and limitation of function. There are both conservative and surgical modes of treatment for OA. This study is done to compare the therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular ozone, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and 25% dextrose in the treatment of OA of the knee joint in early stages.

Methods: A total of 120 patients with symptomatic Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 and 3 of knee OA were studied. They were randomized into three groups and each group received three doses of intra-articular injections of either ozone or PRP or 25% dextrose at intervals of 2 weeks. Patients were advised physiotherapy and analgesics were avoided. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and Visual Analog Score for pain were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes for 6 months.

Results: Ozone provided significant relief from pain and improved functionality but was short-lived. PRP and 25% dextrose results were slower initially but gave better results for a longer duration.

Conclusion: Conservative treatment with intra-articular injections has promising results in the treatment of OA. This can be used in patients who are not willing or not fit for surgery.
An Emergency Aerodynamic Measure to Suppress Vortex-Induced Vibration of Bridge Decks: Suspended Flexible Sheets
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Mingjie , Xu Fuyou , Su Bingbing
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a novel emergency aerodynamic measure, i.e. suspended flexible sheets (SFSs) with high strength, to suppress the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of bridge decks. The cost of the SFSs is very low, and the SFSs can be readily installed for an operational bridge in a short time. The control effectiveness of the SFSs is tested for a bluff box girder using wind tunnel experiments (the model scaling ratio is 1:36 and the range of Reynolds number is [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The relevant parameters of the SFSs (installation location, height, counterweight form, and arrangement form) are systematically optimized. The experimental results show that the in-wind postures of the SFSs are critical for the control performance. The random waving of SFSs can disturb the airflow around the bridge deck at the lower surface, weaken the interaction between the vortex shedding from the upper and lower surfaces, and hence reduce the VIV response. The control performance of the aerodynamic measure can be significantly increased by using appropriate arrangements of the SFSs and counterweights. For the tested cases, the maximum reduction ratio of the VIV amplitude approximately reached 2/3.
Scale-Dependent Thermomechanical-Forced Noncircular Torsional Vibration of Lipid Supramolecular Nanotubes via Timoshenko–Gere Theory
Authors: Hassannejad Reza , Alizadeh-Hamidi Babak
Published: January 2023

Dynamic modeling of lipid nanotubes as a drug carrier in the skin layer is important. The displacement fields of lipid nanotubes in the shunt path of the skin layer are considered twisting. The twisting of the lipid nanotube in the skin layer causes the warping of the structure and, as a result, causes normal strain. The normal strain in the strain fields is not considered in the torsional noncircular structures. Therefore, in this study, not only the effect of shear strains but also the effect of normal strain on the torsional vibration of lipid nanotubes are considered based on the Timoshenko–Gere theory for the first time. Also, the temperature can be considered in the modeling due to the normal strain in the torsional of warped structures. Then, the governing equations of the forced torsional vibrations of lipid nanotubes, by considering the general warping function of cross-section, are derived based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The governing equation is solved by utilizing the convolution integration, and the dynamic responses of lipid nanotubes in the presence of external nonlinear harmonic moving torque are obtained. In the results, dynamic and frequency responses in the presence of temperature for rectangular and elliptical lipid nanotubes have been analyzed. One of the methods of drug release in nanocarriers is stimulation with ultrasound waves. Therefore, stimulating the lipid nanotubes using ultrasound waves at the obtained frequencies makes it possible to release the drug from the lipid nanotubes. Also, the maximum dynamical response of Timoshenko–Gere torsion is less than typical torsion. Increasing the aspect ratio of cross-section dimensions of lipid nanotubes decreased the maximum dynamical response. Increasing the velocity parameter first increases the dynamical twist and then reduces it. Also, the effects of axial forces and temperature on the maximum dynamical responses and the dynamical twist of the lipid nanotubes are studied. For validation, the obtained results are compared with the results of previous research.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Current Collection Quality in Pantograph–Catenary Interaction
Authors: Yao Yongming , Huang Pu , Zhou Ning , Yang Zhipeng , Zhang Wenxuan
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the effect of the ambient temperature change on the dynamic interaction between pantograph and catenary (PAC). Thermal expansion/contraction of the components of the overhead contact system (OCS) is considered. Simulation results show that the thermal stress has a much greater influence on the longitudinal positioning of the contact wire than on the horizontal and vertical positioning. When ambient temperature reduces to [Formula: see text] from design temperature of [Formula: see text]C, the maximum longitudinal displacement of the positioner can reach as high as 301 mm, while the maximum horizontal and vertical displacement of the positioner is within 4[Formula: see text]mm. The change of ambient temperature results in the uneven tension distribution of the contact wire, especially near the central anchor. With the increase in temperature, the tension of contact wire decreases; vice versa, with the decrease in temperature, the tension of contact wire increases. For nine-span OCS, the tension change caused by ambient temperature change shall not exceed 2%. The variation of ambient temperature also leads to the deterioration of current collection quality. It is shown that a decreasing ambient temperature results in more significant changes in contact force, close to 5%. An increasing ambient temperature environment leads to a higher uplift of pantograph, close to 30%.
Research on Wave Dissipation and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Different Boundary Materials Under Static–Dynamic Coupling Loading
Authors: Zeng S. J. , Huang L. Q. , Liu H. L. , Chen J. Z. , Li X. B.
Published: January 2023

According to the scientific research needs of deep multi-field coupling true triaxial compression testing machines, it is necessary to find a suitable boundary material to be placed between the rock and the transmission bar to achieve the effects of wave elimination and energy absorption. This enables the conditions of the test requirements to be met under the interaction of true triaxial and strong disturbance. Therefore, the improved split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device was used to carry out a series of experiments on the wave elimination and energy absorption characteristics of different boundary materials, and to study the energy evolution characteristics and stress wave propagation laws of different materials under static–dynamic coupling loading. The results show that under single impact loading, owing to the difference in wave impedance between the material and the rock rod, the porous material will not only reflect the tensile wave that has a greater impact on the rock rod, but also its weakening effect on the reflection stress is weaker than that of the wave-absorbing metal plate. In terms of overall energy conversion, the energy absorption rate of the porous material PM-1 is superior, and the conversion rate of the reflection and transmission energies is also greatly reduced. Under the impact of cyclic loading, the reflection stress of the wave-absorbing metal plate increased slightly with an increase in the number of impacts. However, with the increase of impact times, the reflection peak stress of porous material PM-1 decreases at first and then increases, and the reflected wave changes from tensile wave to compression wave, which is not as good as that of wave dissipation metal plate in terms of repeatability and fatigue resistance.
Transient Deformation of Anisotropic Timoshenko’s Plate
Authors: Serdyuk Dmitry O. , Fedotenkov Gregory V.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we will present an approach to constructing of dynamical spatial Green’s function (elementary solutions, dominant function) for a thin infinite elastic plate of constant thickness. The plate material is anisotropic with a single plane of symmetry, geometrically coinciding with plate’s middle plane. The Timoshenko theory was used for describing the plate movement. Transient spatial Green’s functions for normal displacements and angles of orthogonal alteration to middle surface before deformation of material fiber are built in the Cartesian coordinate system.

To construct Green’s function, direct and inverse Laplace and Fourier integral transformations are applied. The originals of Laplace Green’s functions were analytically found with the theorem of residues. To construct Fourier originals, a specific method was used based on Fourier series transformation inversion integral connection with Fourier series on a variable interval.

Green’s function found for normal displacement made it possible to represent the normal transient function as three-fold convolution of Green function with distant load function. The functions of normal distant displacements were constructed in case of the impact of transient total loads concentrated and distributed across rectangular courts. The numerical method of rectangles was used to calculate the convolution integrals. The influence of the concentrated load speed on transient normal displacements of the anisotropic plate was analyzed.

As a verification of constructed transient spatial Green’s functions, the results of numerical solutions were compared with the results found using known transient Green’s functions for isotropic thin elastic rectangular simply supported Timoshenko’s plate which solutions are constructed using Laplace integral transformation in time and its decomposition into Fourier series on coordinates. Besides, its confidence was proved analyzing the nature of waves in anisotropic, orthotropic and isotropic plate, found in the process of numerical calculations. The results are represented as diagrams. Examples of calculations are given.
Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Forces of a Suspended Arch Roof
Authors: He Bin , Quan Yong , Gu Ming
Published: January 2023

With the development of building materials, construction technology, and design concepts, suspended arched roofs (SARs) are becoming increasingly popular. The wind loads of arched roofs springing from ground level (ARSGL) and vaulted roofs on side walls (VRSW) have already been studied; however, the wind loads of SARs, which are very different from those of ARSGL or VRSW, have not received adequate attention. Based on the wind tunnel tests of a rigid model of an actual SAR design scheme, the mean value, root mean square (RMS) value, and most unfavorable value of the wind pressure coefficient and overall lift coefficient of this type of roof are analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of the buildings below or surrounding it is investigated and discussed. The test results indicate that the net wind pressure of the SAR is affected by the upper- and lower-surface wind pressures. Both the most unfavorable wind pressure (positive pressure) and suction (negative pressure) coefficients of the SAR are larger near the edge (arch foot) and smaller in the internal area. The maximum values of the most unfavorable pressure and suction coefficients of the tested SAR are 4.5 and 8.0, respectively, and these values are larger than those of ARSGL and VRSW. The buildings below cause airflow congestion under the SAR and eventually increase the net pressure coefficients near the windward edge of the SAR. The shielding effects of the surrounding buildings of the tested SAR reduce the wind pressure coefficient; however, the wind pressure in some areas of the tested SAR increases because of the narrow tube effects between surrounding buildings. The lift coefficient of the tested SAR significantly increases because of the presence of buildings below in some cases.
A Monte Carlo algorithm for multiple stochastic integrals of stable processes
Authors: Das Anirban , Denker Manfred , Levina Anna , Tabacu Lucia
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we provide a Monte Carlo method to calculate multiple stochastic integrals which is based on a.s. distributional convergence.
Nonexistence of observable chaos and its robustness in strongly monotone dynamical systems
Authors: Wang Yi , Yao Jinxiang
Published: January 2023

For strongly monotone dynamical systems on a Banach space, we show that the largest Lyapunov exponent [Formula: see text] holds on a shy set in the measure-theoretic sense. This exhibits that strongly monotone dynamical systems admit no observable chaos, the notion of which was formulated by L.S. Young. We further show that such phenomenon of no observable chaos is robust under the [Formula: see text]-perturbation of the systems.
Calabi–Yau property of quantum groups of GL(2) representation type
Authors: Yu Xiaolan , Wang Xingting
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we prove that the quantum groups [Formula: see text] introduced by Mrozinski in [C. Mrozinski, Quantum groups of [Formula: see text] representation type, J. Noncommut. Geom. 8(1) (2014) 107–140] and their Hopf–Galois objects are twisted Calabi–Yau algebras, and give their Nakayama automorphisms explicitly.
Lie centralizers and commutant preserving maps on generalized matrix algebras
Authors: Ghahramani Hoger , Mokhtari Amir Hossein , Wei Feng
Published: January 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a 2-torsion free unital generalized matrix algebra with center [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] be a linear mapping on [Formula: see text] satisfying the condition [Formula: see text] This paper is devoted to the study of the structure of [Formula: see text] under some mild assumptions on [Formula: see text]. We provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] to be in the form [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a linear mapping. Then we apply our results to characterize linear mappings on [Formula: see text] that are commutant preservers or double commutant preservers.
MODELING SOCIAL RESILIENCE: QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, OPEN PROBLEMS
Authors: SCHWEITZER FRANK , ANDRES GEORGES , CASIRAGHI GIONA , GOTE CHRISTOPH , ROLLER RAMONA , SCHOLTES INGO , VACCARIO GIACOMO , ZINGG CHRISTIAN
Published: January 2023

Resilience denotes the capacity of a system to withstand shocks and its ability to recover from them. We develop a framework to quantify the resilience of highly volatile, non-equilibrium social organizations, such as collectives or collaborating teams. It consists of four steps: (i) delimitation, i.e. narrowing down the target systems, (ii) conceptualization, i.e. identifying how to approach social organizations, (iii) formal representation using a combination of agent-based and network models, (iv) operationalization, i.e. specifying measures and demonstrating how they enter the calculation of resilience. Our framework quantifies two dimensions of resilience, the robustness of social organizations and their adaptivity, and combines them in a novel resilience measure. It allows monitoring resilience instantaneously using longitudinal data instead of an ex-post evaluation.
Innovation and Survival of Traditional Industries: Measuring Barriers Using the Best–Worst Method
Authors: Khani Soodabeh Amiri Ali Akbar , Kheybari Siamak , Latifi Mohammad-Ali , Salimi Negin , Labib Ashraf
Published: January 2023

Traditional industries, seen as cultural heritages, need to be innovative to grow and survive in the era of fast technological advancement. Traditional industries are continuously encountering decline. This research aims at identifying and addressing barriers to innovation to make an informed decision for better survival and improvement. A review of literature was used to propose a hierarchical structure of criteria in which innovation barriers were categorized into organizational, environmental, and supply chain dimensions. An online questionnaire was designed based on a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method called Best–Worst Method (BWM) to identify the importance of the barriers. The opinion of 41 experts working in the Iranian Carpet and Leather industries was collected. The results indicate that organizational culture and management support are the most important barriers to innovation in the Leather and Carpet industries. We also found that environmental criteria are the least important criteria in both selected traditional industries. Results illustrated that the two industries have no significant difference in the three perspectives.
Explicit formula of deformation quantization with separation of variables for complex two-dimensional locally symmetric Kähler manifold
Authors: Okuda Taika , Sako Akifumi
Published: January 2023

We give a complex two-dimensional noncommutative locally symmetric Kähler manifold via a deformation quantization with separation of variables. We present an explicit formula of its star product by solving the system of recurrence relations given by Hara–Sako. In the two-dimensional case, this system of recurrence relations gives two types of equations corresponding to the two coordinates. From the two types of recurrence relations, symmetrized and antisymmetrized recurrence relations are obtained. The symmetrized one gives the solution of the recurrence relation. From the antisymmetrized one, the identities satisfied by the solution are obtained. The star products for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constructed by the method obtained in this study, and we verify that these star products satisfy the identities.
EXPLORATORY INNOVATION THROUGH GAINING KNOWLEDGE FROM ALLIANCE PORTFOLIO: INTERPLAY BETWEEN NETWORK STRUCTURE AND KNOWLEDGE COMPOSITION
Authors: YOON S. JOSEPH , JO GIL S. , KANG JINA
Published: January 2023

Building an alliance portfolio is an important knowledge-sourcing strategy for firms to create exploratory innovation. By proposing a framework of knowledge flow and search flexibility, we examine the effects of a firm’s network position and knowledge composition of the alliance portfolio on the creation of exploratory innovation. Particularly, we explore their interactions that create synergy and offset mutual disadvantages. Using panel data of 142 pharmaceutical companies from 1996 to 2010, we find that central and brokering positions have an inverted U-shape relationship with the creation of exploratory innovation. We also find two combinations of network position and knowledge composition advantageous for increasing exploratory innovation: a central position with partners’ wide scope of new knowledge, and a brokering position with partners’ wide scope of shared knowledge. This study contributes to the literature by identifying interaction effects between social network theory and the knowledge-based view and suggests implications for designing a firm’s alliance strategy.
New Mechanical Models to Study the Impact of Contact, Wear, and Adhesion of Lunar Dust on Space Materials
Authors: Li Renjie , Cui Yuhong , Feng Yulong , Wang Jianshan , Huang Wei , Sui Yi , Ren Depeng
Published: January 2023

Lunar dust significantly impacts spacecraft and spacesuits during lunar exploration. The mechanical properties of lunar dust, including adhesion, contact, and wear, are investigated using new mechanical models proposed herein. First, the main contribution for mechanics of this paper was implementing the conical Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts (JKR) model using the energy method for investigating the normal and tangential mechanical characteristics of lunar dust. Additionally, the mechanical properties of lunar dust, such as adhesion, contact, and wear are proposed considering the adhesion effect using the mechanical model. The validity and accuracy of the conical JKR model were verified by comparing the results with experimental data and existing spherical and cylindrical JKR models. Furthermore, a new wear mechanical model for typical lunar dust is proposed considering the adhesion effect. The wear width and coefficients based on the wear model fit well with the existing experiment; therefore, the proposed model can be used to calculate the wear coefficient. Additionally, it can be used to estimate the contact force using an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe and analyze the adhesion between rough particles. The mechanical properties of lunar dust based on our models can be valuable for the characteristic research of in situ resource development and manned lunar landings.
Theoretical Solutions for Variable Ground Motions of Media-Transition Canyons with Partly Filled Water Subjected to SV-Waves Incidence
Authors: Liu Guohuan , Li Xinyang
Published: January 2023

Long-span structures (e.g. dams or canyon-crossing bridges) are usually located at the sites with media transition, local topography and partially filled water. However, the existing studies on the spatially variable seismic motions considering local terrains mainly focus on the single- or dual-phase media with rare consideration of the effect of media transition. Therefore, this study is motivated to present and theoretically investigate the feature of seismic motions special for a media-transition canyon with partly filled water subjected to SV-wave excitation. First, the theoretical scheme for the media-transition site needs to simultaneously cope with the issue of wave propagation in single- and dual-phase media. The key step to connecting the two different types of wavefields lies in the satisfaction of boundary conditions along with the media-transition interface. Then, to further investigate the scattering effect caused by media transition on seismic motions under different angles and frequencies, a comparative study between the models with and without the media-transition interface is performed. Results show that the feature of media transition has noticeable influences on the spatially variable seismic motions. In addition, the effect of water depth on site response is analyzed in brief. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the whole theoretical scheme are verified. The research provides useful insights that it is reasonable to introduce the media-transition factor into the study of spatially variable seismic motions.
Deep learning method for cell count from transmitted-light microscope
Authors: Lu Mengyang , Shi Wei , Jiang Zhengfen , Li Boyi , Ta Dean , Liu Xin
Published: January 2023

Automatic cell counting provides an effective tool for medical research and diagnosis. Currently, cell counting can be completed by transmitted-light microscope, however, it requires expert knowledge and the counting accuracy which is unsatisfied for overlapped cells. Further, the image-translation-based detection method has been proposed and the potential has been shown to accomplish cell counting from transmitted-light microscope, automatically and effectively. In this work, a new deep-learning (DL)-based two-stage detection method (cGAN-YOLO) is designed to further enhance the performance of cell counting, which is achieved by combining a DL-based fluorescent image translation model and a DL-based cell detection model. The various results show that cGAN-YOLO can effectively detect and count some different types of cells from the acquired transmitted-light microscope images. Compared with the previously reported YOLO-based one-stage detection method, high recognition accuracy (RA) is achieved by the cGAN-YOLO method, with an improvement of 29.80%. Furthermore, we can also observe that cGAN-YOLO obtains an improvement of 12.11% in RA compared with the previously reported image-translation-based detection method. In a word, cGAN-YOLO makes it possible to implement cell counting directly from the experimental acquired transmitted-light microscopy images with high flexibility and performance, which extends the applicability in clinical research.
Geology and evolution of fissure systems in fractured basement rocks, Calabria, southern Italy: implications for sub-unconformity reservoirs and aquifers
Authors: Hardman K. , Holdsworth R. E. , Palladino G. , Prosser G. , Killingback Z. , McCaffrey K. J. W.
Published: January 2023

Basement-hosted fissure-fill networks in sub-unconformity settings are increasingly recognized globally and have the potential to act as important subsurface reservoirs and/or migration pathways for hydrocarbons, geothermal fluids and groundwater. We examine well-exposed fissures from exhumed crystalline upper Carboniferous basement rocks in southern Italy (Calabria) and describe their nature, origin and evolution. The basement rocks record the emplacement and exhumation of their plutonic protoliths. The evolution of these rocks includes their initial intrusion in the late Carboniferous, followed by veining, folding and rifting events, to eventual exhumation at the surface when fissuring occurred in the mid-Miocene. The fissure network hosts fossiliferous marine sediments, wall rock collapse breccias and limited mineralization with vuggy cavities. In the basement below the main erosional unconformity, fissure-fills form up to 50% by volume of the exposed rock. The fills are notably more porous (up to 15–25% matrix porosity) than the ultra-low-porosity (<1%) crystalline host rocks. We present field observations, palaeostress analyses of fault slickenlines and fracture topology analyses demonstrating that these exceptionally well-connected fissure networks are related to rifting and penetrated to depths of at least 150 m below the main Miocene erosion surface.
AroMa
: Evaluating Deep Learning Systems for Stealthy Integrity Attacks on Multi-tenant Accelerators
Authors: Chen Xiangru , Merugu Maneesh , Zhang Jiaqi , Ray Sandip
Published: January 2023

Multi-tenant applications have been proliferating in recent years, supported by the emergence of computing-as-service paradigms. Unfortunately, multi-tenancy induces new security vulnerabilities due to spatial or temporal co-location of applications with possibly malicious intent. In this article, we consider a special class of stealthy integrity attacks on multi-tenant deep learning accelerators. One interesting conclusion is that it is possible to perform targeted integrity attacks on kernel weights of deep learning systems such that it remains functional but mis-labels specific categories of input data through standard RowHammer attacks by only changing 0.0009% of the total weights. We develop an automated framework,
AroMa
, to evaluate the impact of multi-tenancy on security of deep learning accelerators against integrity attacks on memory systems. We present extensive evaluations on
AroMa
to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Post-Quantum Signatures on RISC-V with Hardware Acceleration
Authors: Karl Patrick , Schupp Jonas , Fritzmann Tim , Sigl Georg
Published: January 2023

CRYSTALS-Dilithium and Falcon are digital signature algorithms based on cryptographic lattices, which are considered secure even if large-scale quantum computers will be able to break conventional public-key cryptography. Both schemes have been selected for standardization in the NIST Post-Quantum competition. In this work, we present a RISC-V HW/SW codesign that aims to combine the advantages of software and hardware implementations, i.e., flexibility and performance. It shows the use of flexible hardware accelerators, which have been previously used for Public-Key Encryption (PKE) and Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM), for Post-Quantum signatures. It is optimized for Dilithium as a generic signature scheme but also accelerates applications that require fast verification of Falcon’s compact signatures. We provide a comparison with previous works showing that for Dilithium and Falcon, cycle counts are significantly reduced, such that our design is faster than previous software implementations or other HW/SW codesigns. In addition to that, we present a compact Globalfoundries 22nm ASIC design that runs at 800 MHz. By using hardware acceleration, energy consumption for Dilithium is reduced by up to 92.2%, and up to 67.5% for Falcon’s signature verification.
Dual-Lens HDR using Guided 3D Exposure CNN and Guided Denoising Transformer
Authors: Li Weixin , Cao Tiantian , Liu Chang , Tian Xue , Li Ya , Wang Xiaojie , Dong Xuan
Published: January 2023

We study the
high dynamic range (HDR)
imaging problem in dual-lens systems. Existing methods usually treat the HDR imaging problem as an image fusion problem and the HDR result is estimated by fusing the aligned short exposure image and long exposure image. However, the image fusion pipeline depends highly on the image alignment, which is difficult to be perfect. We propose to transfer the dual-lens HDR imaging problem into the disentangled enhancement of exposure correction and denoising for the short exposure image, guided by the long exposure image. In the guided exposure correction module, we make use of the guidance image and 3D color transformation to propose a
guided 3D exposure CNN (GEC)
to get the rough HDR result from the short exposure image. Then, in the guided denoising module, we make use of the cross-attention mechanism to propose a
guided denoising transformer (GDT)
to directly use the long exposure image as guidance to denoise the rough HDR result in a pyramid way. And in both modules, we bypass the difficult image alignment processing. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art ones.
Decoding the Auxin Matrix: Auxin Biology Through the Eye of the Computer
Authors: Martin-Arevalillo Raquel , Vernoux Teva
Published: January 2023

The plant hormone auxin is certainly the most studied developmental regulator in plants. The many functions of auxin during development, from the embryo to the root and shoot construction, are mediated by an ever-growing collection of molecular regulators, with an overwhelming degree of both ubiquity and complexity that we are still far from fully understanding and that biological experiments alone cannot grasp. In this review, we discuss how bioinformatics and computational modeling approaches have helped in recent years to explore this complexity and to push the frontiers of our understanding of auxin biology. We focus on how analysis of massive amounts of genomic data and construction of computational models to simulate auxin-regulated processes at different scales have complemented wet experiments to increase the understanding of how auxin acts in the nucleus to regulate transcription and how auxin movement between cells regulates development at the tissular scale.
Adaptive Control and Intersections with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Annaswamy Anuradha M.
Published: January 2023

This article provides an exposition of the field of adaptive control and its intersections with reinforcement learning. Adaptive control and reinforcement learning are two different methods that are both commonly employed for the control of uncertain systems. Historically, adaptive control has excelled at real-time control of systems with specific model structures through adaptive rules that learn the underlying parameters while providing strict guarantees on stability, asymptotic performance, and learning. Reinforcement learning methods are applicable to a broad class of systems and are able to produce near-optimal policies for highly complex control tasks. This is often enabled by significant offline training via simulation or the collection of large input-state datasets. This article attempts to compare adaptive control and reinforcement learning using a common framework. The problem statement in each field and highlights of their results are outlined. Two specific examples of dynamic systems are used to illustrate the details of the two methods, their advantages, and their deficiencies. The need for real-time control methods that leverage tools from both approaches is motivated through the lens of this common framework.
Initial Evolution of Passivation Layers in Non-Aqueous Aluminium Batteries
Authors: Loaiza Laura C. , Lindahl Niklas , Johansson Patrik
Published: January 2023

Aluminium batteries (AlBs) have gathered considerable attention, primarily due to the high capacity, the low cost, the large abundance in the Earth’s crust, and the recyclability of the Al metal anode. However, several hurdles must be surpassed to make AlBs a feasible energy storage technology and two of them are interconnected; the presence of an ionic and electronically insulating native oxide layer on the Al metal anode that calls for special non-aqueous, most often ionic liquid based acidic electrolytes, to enable reversible plating and stripping of Al. We here find the passivation layer initially formed in contact with an ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) to have a porous and very complex nature, i.e. an outer inorganic/organic layer and an inner oxide-rich layer. Furthermore, it grows under open circuit voltage conditions by simultaneous dissolution and re-deposition of dissolved products, while during galvanostatic cycling this is exacerbated by an electrochemical etching that causes pitting corrosion of the Al metal itself. All of this leads to unstable interfaces being formed and the co-existence of several species at the Al metal anode surface, of which a proper understanding and mitigation are crucial to make AlBs a reality.
Improved Backward Smoothing—Square Root Cubature Kalman Filtering and Variable Forgetting Factor—Recursive Least Square Modeling Methods for the High-Precision State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Mengyun , Wang Shunli , Yang Xiao , Xie Yanxin , Liu Ke , Zhang Chuyan
Published: January 2023

Accurate lithium-ion battery charge state estimation is crucial for battery management systems. Modeling of dual polarization—electrical equivalent circuit based on ternary lithium batteries as a research object, a variable forgetting factor recursive least square method is proposed for parameter identification given the insufficient tracking ability of the traditional recursive least squares method for abrupt and time-varying signals in a non- stationary environment. A backward smoothing square root cubature Kalman filtering algorithm is applied to enhance the accuracy and convergence speed of SOC estimation. The algorithm uses the square root update to ensure the numerical stability of the filtering and uses the idea of backward smoothing-forward filtering to improve the filtering accuracy on the basis of the first forward filtering. Finally, variable forgetting factor recursive least square is combined with backward smoothing square root cubature Kalman filtering to achieve the joint estimation of model parameters and state of charge, and the feasibility of the battery state of charge estimation is verified in different working conditions. The simulation results show that the variable forgetting factor recursive least square-backward smoothing square root cubature Kalman filter algorithm improves the study’s filtering accuracy and convergence speed of lithium-ion batteries.
From Lab to Manufacturing Line: Guidelines for the Development and Upscaling of Aqueous Processed NMC622 Electrodes
Authors: de Meatza Iratxe , Urdampilleta Idoia , Boyano Iker , Castrillo Iker , Landa-Medrano Imanol , Sananes-Israel Susan , Eguia-Barrio Aitor , Palomares Verónica
Published: January 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have facilitated the transition to a more sustainable energy model. Paradoxically, current high energy cathodes are industrially processed using organic solvents, which are deleterious for the environment. In this work, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) high-energy cathode electrode was prepared at laboratory scale following a more environmentally friendly aqueous route. Several steps in the preparation of the electrodes (such as the drying temperature, drying air flux or pH buffering) were thoroughly optimized to enhance the quality of the water-processed electrodes. Afterwards, the recipe developed at laboratory scale was upscaled to a semi-industrial electrode coating line, to analyze the viability of the developed processing conditions into a realistic electrode manufacturing environment. The electrodes obtained were tested in full coin cells using graphite-based anodes as counter electrodes. Interestingly, the cycling performance of the cells based on water-processed electrodes was higher than that of organic-processed ones. It is evidenced that it is possible to manufacture electrodes for high energy density LIBs following environmentally friendly, cheaper, and industrially implementable electrode processing methods with no-penalty in the electrochemical performance.
17β-Estradiol promotes sex-specific dysfunction in isolated human arterioles
Authors: SenthilKumar Gopika , Katunaric Boran , Bordas-Murphy Henry , Young Micaela , Doren Erin L. , Schulz Mary E. , Widlansky Michael E. , Freed Julie K.
Published: January 2023

Microvascular dysfunction is an independent predictor of adverse cardiac events; however, the effect of estrogen on the human microcirculation represents a critical knowledge gap. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report sex-specific detrimental effects of chronic estrogen on human microvascular reactivity. These findings may offer insight into the increased CVD risk associated with estrogen use in both cis- and trans-females.
Notch Signaling Pathway Promotes Th17 Cell Differentiation and Participates in Thyroid Autoimmune Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis Mice
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Yiwen , Zhu Yujiao , Ma Lei , Xue Haibo
Published: January 2023

Purpose. To investigate whether the Notch signaling pathway participates in the occurrence and development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) by affecting the differentiation and function of Th17 cells. Materials and Methods. Experimental mice were randomly divided into a control group, an EAT-A group (porcine thyroid immunoglobulin- (pTg-) treated mice) and an EAT-B group (treated with the DAPT γ-secretase inhibitor before pTg). HE staining, IHC staining, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and ELISA were used to evaluate the degrees of thyroiditis, detect the percentage of Th17 cells and measure the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and the main components of the Notch signaling pathway. Results. The degrees of thyroiditis, the proportions of Th17 cells, and the expression of RORγt and IL-17A were significantly decreased in the EAT-B group after blocking the Notch signaling pathway by DAPT, and these parameters were significantly increased in the EAT-A group compared to the control group (all

P
<
0.05

). Additionally, the Th17 cell percentages and IL-17A concentrations in spleen mononuclear cells (SMCs) from EAT-A mice decreased in a dose-dependent manner after DAPT treatment in vitro (all

P
<
0.01

). Correlation analyses revealed that the Th17 cell percentages were positively correlated with the serum TgAb titers, Notch pathway-related mRNA expression levels, and IL-17A concentrations in EAT mice (all

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. The expression of Notch signaling pathway components was upregulated in EAT mice, but blockade of the Notch signaling pathway alleviated the degree of thyroiditis, decreased the Th17 cell proportions, and downregulated the IL-17A effector cytokine both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggested that the Notch signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune injury in EAT mice by promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells.