bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Failure Prediction of Reinforced Composite Quasi‐Brittle Structures by an Improved Version of the Extended Lumped Damage Approach
Authors: Teles Daniel V. C. , Amorim David L. N. F. , Leonel Edson D.
Published: February 2025

This study presents an improved version of the Extended Lumped Damage Mechanics (XLDM) formulation within a position‐based approach of the Finite Element Method (FEM). In the XLDM, the strain field has been assessed from the elongations of numerical extensometers, which connect the finite element nodes. In addition, localisation bands positioned along the elements' boundaries depict the mechanical effects of material degradation. The position‐based approach of FEM enables the accurate modelling of geometrically non‐linear effects and its computational implementation is straightforward. In this approach, the equilibrium configuration has been evaluated in relation to the nodal positions instead of its displacements. Thus, one improvement proposed herein involves the coupling of the XLDM failure predictions within an exact geometrically non‐linear framework. Besides, in this study, the XLDM has been further improved by incorporating the damage growth caused by compressive stresses. The non‐linear formulation proposed herein enables the presence of reinforcements, which have been added by an embedded scheme and lead to another improvement in the XLDM context. Three applications demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed non‐linear scheme, in which the numerical responses obtained by the proposed improved formulation have been compared to experimental results available in the literature.
A Numerical Framework for Fast Transient Compressible Flows Using Lattice Boltzmann and Immersed Boundary Methods
Authors: Lerogeron Hippolyte , Boivin Pierre , Faucher Vincent , Favier Julien
Published: February 2025

This article is dedicated to the development of a model to simulate fast transient compressible flows on solid structures using immersed boundary method (IBM) and a lattice Boltzmann solver. Ultimately, the proposed model aims at providing an efficient algorithm to simulate strongly‐coupled fluid‐structure interactions (FSI). Within this goal, it is necessary to propose a precise and robust numerical framework and validate it on stationary solid cases first, which is the scope of the present study. Classical FSI methods, such as body‐fitted approaches, are facing challenges with moving or complex geometries in realistic conditions, requiring computationally expensive re‐meshing operations. IBM offers an alternative by treating the solid structure geometry independently from the fluid mesh. This study focuses on the extension of the IBM to compressible flows, and a particular attention is given to the enforcement of various thermal boundary conditions. A hybrid approach, combining diffuse forcing for Dirichlet‐type boundary conditions and ghost‐nodes forcing for Neumann‐type boundary conditions is introduced. Finally, a simplified model, relying only on diffuse IBM forcing, is investigated to treat specific cases where the fluid solid interface is considered as adiabatic. The accuracy of the method is validated through various test cases of increasing complexity.
Impact of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on neonatal outcomes following extremely preterm birth
Authors: Girard Charlotte , Zeitlin Jennifer , Marlow Neil , Norman Mikael , Serenius Fredrik , Draper Elizabeth S. , Johnson Samantha , Benhammou Valérie , Källén Karin , van Buuren Stef , Ancel Pierre‐Yves , Morgan Andrei S.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Extremes of prepregnancy maternal BMI increase neonatal mortality and morbidity at term. They also increase the risk of extremely preterm (EP, i.e., <27 weeks' gestational age) births. However, the association between maternal BMI and outcomes for EP babies is poorly understood.

Methods

We used a cross‐country design, bringing together the following three population‐based, prospective, national EP birth cohorts: EXPRESS (Sweden, 2004–2007); EPICure 2 (UK, 2006); and EPIPAGE 2 (France, 2011). We included all singleton births at 22 to 26 weeks' gestational age with a live fetus at maternal hospital admission. Our exposure was maternal prepregnancy BMI, i.e., underweight, reference, overweight, or obesity. Odds ratios (OR) for survival without severe neonatal morbidity to hospital discharge according to maternal BMI were calculated using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 1396 babies were born to mothers in the reference group, 140 to those with underweight, 719 to those with overweight, 556 to those with obesity, and 445 to those with missing BMI information. There was no difference in survival without major neonatal morbidity (reference, 22%; underweight, 26%, OR, 1.31, 95% CI: 0.82–2.08; overweight, 23%, OR, 1.00, 95% CI: 0.77–1.29; obesity, 19%, OR, 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.25).

Conclusions

No associations were seen between maternal BMI and outcomes for EP babies.
Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Jafari Aliakbar , Al‐Ostaz Ahmed , Nouranian Sasan
Published: February 2025

The increasing proliferation of electronic devices and advanced communication networks has resulted in heightened electromagnetic interference (EMI), posing significant challenges in both technological and environmental contexts. Traditional EMI shielding materials, such as metals and composite coatings, offer limited adaptability and are unable to meet the dynamic demands of modern electronic systems. Recent advancements have introduced smart stimuli‐responsive materials for EMI shielding, which provide real‐time tunability, thereby addressing the limitations of conventional static shielding solutions. These materials leverage various mechanisms—such as compressive and tensile strains, phase transitions, shape memory effects, and responses to chemical agents, humidity, or crossover angle changes—to dynamically adjust their EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI‐SE). This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the recent progress in smart EMI shielding technologies, highlighting their tunable mechanisms, material compositions, and applications. Furthermore, it discusses the existing challenges and potential future research directions required for the advancement of this technology. By enabling dynamic adaptability to electromagnetic environments, smart EMI shielding materials present a promising solution for telecommunications, wearable electronics, aerospace, and defense sectors.
Nanocellulose reinforcement of epoxidized natural rubber: Enhancing strain‐induced crystallization for high‐performance bio‐composites
Authors: Jarnthong Methakarn , Wannalak Aonjira , Masa Abdulhakim , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Saito Hiromu , Soontaranon Siriwat , Sakai Tadamoto , Lopattananon Natinee
Published: February 2025

Nanocomposites of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and natural rubber (NR) have been regarded as promising soft biomaterials for industrial products. However, the CNF was unsatisfactory for NR reinforcement because of poor mixing between CNF and NR. In this study, we explored the combined use of silane‐treated CNF and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR20, 20% epoxide content) to enhance the compatibility and reinforcing ability of CNF in NR‐based nanocomposites. The CNF/ENR20 nanocomposites containing 5 phr of CNF were prepared via an eco‐friendly latex mixing method. Structural observation showed all the CNF/ENR20 nanocomposites exhibited nano‐aggregated CNFs consisting of intertwined nanofibers with varying sizes depending on the types of CNFs. The addition of untreated CNFs (U‐CNFs) and silane‐treated CNFs significantly improved the modulus and tensile strength of the ENR20, notably with U‐CNFs. The U‐CNFs led to a remarkable 75% increase in tensile strength due to mutual entanglement between nano‐aggregated U‐CNF and ENR as well as hydrogen bonding despite larger aggregates. Novel model describing the effect of CNF rotation and strong CNF‐ENR adhesion on strain‐induced crystallization was revealed through WAXS/SAXS in ENR20 composites. Based on these findings, the morphological design with key structure of CNF nano‐aggregates enabled the development of high performance CNF‐reinforced rubber nanocomposites.

Highlights

CNFs (13 nm) were modified using two types of alkoxy silanes.

5 phr CNFs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of ENR20.

CNF rotation during stretching promoted molecular orientation.

U‐CNFs reinforced ENR20 due to mutual entanglement and H‐bonding.

A new model was proposed for strain‐induced crystallization process of U‐CNF/ENR.
Detection of 4‐CPA and Its Related Metabolites Based on LC‐QE‐HF‐MS Technology: A Study on the Impact of Doping Test on the Intake Pathways of Chlorphenesin Carbamate and Chlorphenesin
Authors: Xu Wennuo , Cheng Jiahui , Li Zhongquan , Niu Bing , Deng Xiaojun , Liu Bing
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study focused on meclofenoxate and its metabolite 4‐CPA in the field of doping control and examined the urinary metabolism of chlorphenesin carbamate and chlorphenesin, two substances that may produce 4‐CPA.

Methods

A liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive‐HF‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry (LC‐QE‐HF‐MS)–based assay was developed and validated for the accurate detection of the metabolites of 4‐CPA, chlorphenesin carbamate, and chlorphenesin and verified by human subject investigations. Human subjects were studied for three different modes of ingestion (chlorphenesin carbamate administration, sunscreen application containing chlorphenesin, and sunscreen spray application), and urine samples were collected before and after the administration to study the excretion profile of metabolites such as 4‐CPA.

Results

The developed assay meets the routine testing requirements of the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Following oral administration of chlorphenesin carbamate, 4‐CPA levels in the urine ranged from 390 to 6929 ng·mL−1, reaching their maximum concentrations in 12–24 h, with two volunteers having values over the reporting limit. The highest excretion happened 12–24 h after the treatment and continued until 168–264 h later. The Cmax of 4‐CPA was 1354–2063 and 340 ng·mL−1 after application of sunscreen and spray sunscreen spray, respectively. Maximum excretion of other relevant metabolites was also concentrated at 12–24 h post‐dose.

Conclusion

The results suggest that when measuring 4‐CPA, the target analyte of meclofenoxate, in sports drug testing, special consideration needs to be given to whether volunteers have ingested normal therapeutic drugs, such as chlorphenesin carbamate, to avoid misreporting of meclofenoxate results. This finding offers crucial decision support for doping control.
A General Framework to Assess Complex Heterogeneity in the Strength of a Surrogate Marker
Authors: Knowlton Rebecca , Tian Lu , Parast Layla
Published: February 2025

A surrogate marker is a biological measurement in a clinical trial that aims to replace the primary outcome in evaluating the treatment effect, and can be measured earlier, with less cost, or with less patient burden. In theory, once a surrogate is validated, future studies can evaluate treatment efficacy using only the surrogate. While there are many methods to evaluate a surrogate, these methods rarely account for heterogeneity in surrogacy, that is, when a surrogate is valid for only certain people. We propose a general framework for the assessment of complex heterogeneity in the strength of a surrogate marker, as well as corresponding parametric and semiparametric estimation procedures. Our framework defines the proportion of the treatment effect on the primary outcome that is explained by the treatment effect on the surrogate, as a function of multiple baseline covariates, . We additionally propose a formal test of heterogeneity and a method to identify a region of the covariate space where the surrogate is sufficiently strong. We examine the performance of our methods via a simulation study featuring varying levels of heterogeneity and use our methods to examine potential heterogeneity in the strength of a surrogate in an AIDS clinical trial.
High‐Sensitivity and Flexible Motion Sensing Enabled by Robust, Self‐Healing Wood‐Based Anisotropic Hydrogel Composites
Authors: Teng Youchao , Zhang Zhilei , Cui Yunqi , Su Zhe , Godwin Matthew , Chung TzuChun , Zhou Yongzan , Leontowich Adam F. G. , Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Tam Kam C. , Wu Yimin A.
Published: February 2025

By integrating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐borate‐tannic acid (TA)‐sodium sulfate into cellulosic wood matrices, a novel wood‐basedPVA‐borate‐TA‐sodium sulfate (WPBTS) hydrogel is successfully synthesized. Through a multicomponent synergistic design combining natural lignocellulose, PVA, borax, TA, and sodium sulfate, multiple dynamic cross‐linking mechanisms—dynamic borate bonding, hydrogen bonding, and metal‐ligand interactions—are established, resulting in WPBTS hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties and self‐healing capabilities. The mechanical strength of the WPBTS hydrogel reached an impressive 19.8 MPa, a 45‐fold increase compared to PVA‐borax‐tannic acid (PBTS) hydrogels. Furthermore, the assembled WPBTS hydrogel‐based flexible sensor demonstrates a remarkably fast response time of just 20 ms and maintains excellent performance in challenging simulated saline environments. This innovation represents a significant advancement in sensor technology and highlights the potential for transformative applications in complex and demanding scenarios.
Thermal Activation and Deactivation of Ni‐Doped Ceria Catalysts in CO2 Methanation
Authors: Barreau Mathias , Salusso Davide , Zhang Jinming , Haevecker Michael , Teschner Detre , Efimenko Anna , Borfecchia Elisa , Sobczak Kamil , Zafeiratos Spyridon
Published: February 2025

Discovered almost 130 years ago by P. Sabatier, CO2 hydrogenation to methane (CO2 methanation) is presently attracting attention as one of the most promising methods for storing intermittent renewable energy in the form of chemical fuels. Ni particles supported by CeO2 constitute a very effective, reliable, and reasonably priced catalyst for CO2 methanation. Recently a new type of CO2 methanation catalyst, consisting of cerium oxide (ceria) nanoparticles doped with nickel (NiCeOx) in a specific square‐planar configuration with an extremely high‐Ni mass‐specific activity and almost 100% CH4 selectivity, was reported. Here, a 50% enhancement in the CO2 conversion of the NiCeOx catalyst by carefully adjusting the calcination temperature is demonstrated. Notably, thermal aging at 600 °C enhances methanation performance by partially exsolving Ni to the surface, while higher temperatures (750 °C) lead to larger Ni particles, increased CO production, and surface carbon deposition. Several in situ and operando characterization methods are employed to correlate the thermal activation and deactivation of the catalyst with its nanoscale characteristics. Apart from their clear implications for the design of next‐generation Ni‐based CO2 methanation catalysts, these findings significantly enhance understanding of the complex interplay and nature of various surface sites involved in CO2 hydrogenation.
In Situ Dynamic Characteristic Test and Seismic Performance Analysis of Hybrid Brick‐Concrete and Timber Structure of Historic and Cultural Architectures
Authors: Wu Chenwei , Xue Jianyang , Bai Fuyu , Song Dejun , Wang Zeyun
Published: February 2025

In order to study the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance of the hybrid brick‐concrete and timber (HBCT) structure, an in situ dynamic characteristic test was carried out, and peak picking method was used to calculate natural frequencies, damping ratios, and vibration modes. Considering semi‐rigid mechanical characteristics, a finite element model of the hybrid structure was established, and the calculation results agreed well with the test results. Kobe, El Centro and an artificial ground motion were input for displacement and acceleration response analysis. A set of fifteen ground motion records were selected, and incremental dynamic analysis and seismic fragility analysis were conducted. Results show that the first and second natural frequencies of the HBCT structure are 4.327 and 4.375 Hz, and the vibration modes are translation in the east–west direction and in the north–south direction, respectively. Taking the Kobe ground motion as an example, the maximum displacement of the pillar top of the second‐floor timber structure is 6.12 times that of the pillar top of the first‐floor brick‐concrete structure. The peak inter‐structural layer drift of 1/155 is less than the standard limit. Dynamic coefficients of the overall structure are less than 1, which indicates that the HBCT structure exhibits good shock absorption performance. The performance at different seismic intensities is in accordance with the “Three‐level and Two‐stage Seismic Fortification Goals,” which means no damage under minor earthquake, repairable damage under moderate earthquake, and no collapse under large earthquake.
Grammar as a Meaning‐Making Resource: Fostering Meaningful, Situated Literacy Development
Authors: Chia Alexius , Xavier Christine Anita
Published: February 2025

This paper reports on an action research study that focused on reconceptualizing grammar within English Language classrooms in Singapore as a dynamic and contextually situated resource for meaningful literacy development. Departing from conventional perceptions of grammar as a rigid set of rules, the study endeavors to position it as a flexible and empowering tool that enables learners to effectively construct and convey meaning. Additionally, the study placed deliberate emphasis on grammar as a meaning‐making resource in authentic Asian texts, acknowledging the significance of context in language learning. The aim was to underscore the contextualized nature of language practices, viewing the learning of meaning‐making resources of grammar as essential in language skill development, particularly in text interpretation, in the hope of enhancing literacy among learners. Existing research served as the foundation of the study, highlighting the pivotal role of grammar in literacy development and text interpretation. The study employed an action research methodology characterized by a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, reflecting, and revising. The data comprised teacher‐designed materials, teacher‐written reflections, and interviews involving 10 teacher‐collaborators from four primary and secondary schools in Singapore. Key findings underscored the intrinsic link between grammatical choices and the nuanced meanings they convey, and in so doing reveal the crucial role of grammar in comprehending language intricacies.
Increased Early Post‐Discharge Mortality in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Davidsen Line , Knoph Cecilie S. , Cook Mathias E. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Olesen Søren S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that individuals who recover from acute pancreatitis may face a significant risk of mortality during the early post‐discharge period. Despite these concerns, comprehensive population‐based studies on this issue are lacking.

Objectives

To study in‐hospital and post‐discharge mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis and how it has changed over time.

Methods

In a Danish nationwide population‐based cohort study, we included all adults discharged after an incident episode of acute pancreatitis between 2002 and 2017. For each patient, five individuals from the general population, matched by age and sex, were selected as controls. We used Cox regression analysis to assess all‐cause mortality at 90 days, 1, 2, and 5 years post‐discharge and to examine trends in in‐hospital and post‐discharge mortality over the study period. Models were adjusted for comorbidities, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and sociodemographic factors.

Results

Of 28,759 adults with incident acute pancreatitis, 956 (3.3%) died in hospital. The 27,803 patients discharged from the hospital following an incident episode of acute pancreatitis were matched with 139,035 individuals (mean age 58.1 years, 51.1% men). The cumulative post‐discharge mortality at 90 days was 5.0% for the acute pancreatitis cohort and 0.55% for controls. The mortality risk was significantly increased in acute pancreatitis patients at 90 days post‐discharge (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 7.62; 95% CI 6.86–8.45); the risk attenuated over time but remained elevated for up to five years (aHR 1.85; 95% CI 1.79–1.92). In‐hospital mortality decreased over the study period (aHR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53–0.81) from 2002–2005 to 2014–2017, while post‐discharge mortality risk remained stable (aHR 0.85; 95% CI 0.72–1.01). Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases accounted for 59.4% of 90‐day post‐discharge deaths.

Conclusions

In‐hospital mortality for acute pancreatitis has improved in recent years. However, the risk of post‐discharge mortality remains high, especially in the first 90 days after discharge.
Characterization, distribution, and risk assessment of microplastic in fish and sediment from the longest river of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqa Shahrima , Gautam Sneha , Eti Shamima Akther , Khatun Fatima , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur , Solayman H. M. , Aziz Azrina Abd , Khan Badiuzzaman
Published: February 2025

Microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) are among the most common pollutants in aquatic habitats because they may develop to high densities and can interact with both the abiotic and biotic environments. There is less information available on microplastics in the freshwater systems than there is in the marine environment. This study aims to shed light on the abundance and spatial distribution of microplastics in the Brahmaputra River (Mymensingh) through the utilization of the wet peroxide oxidation isolation technique, supplemented with sodium chloride, to examine fish and sediment specimens collected between December 21, 2022 and January 12, 2023. A total of 26 and 189 microplastic particles were identified in the fish and sediment samples, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) concentrations in fish gut ranged from 0.5 ± 0.7 to 1.67 ± 0.58 MPs individual−1. The most prevalent shape found in fish stomachs was fiber (46%), and the most common color was transparent (32%). Sizes 0.5–1 mm (1.6 ± 0.74) had the most microplastics. This study found that fishes from the demersal (3.25 ± 1.7) zone had more MPs than the benthopelagic (2.5 ± 0.58) and pelagic (1.5 ± 0.7) zones. Omnivorous fishes (54%) consumed more microplastics than carnivorous (31%, 2.6 ± 0.58) and herbivorous fishes (15%,1.33 ± 0.94). Microplastic consumption had a moderate correlation with fish body weight (r = 0.34), length (r = 0.46), and gastrointestinal content (r = 0.45). The MPs per kilogram of Brahmaputra River bed sediment ranged from 8 to 31, with a mean abundance of 18.9 ± 7.01 particles kg−1. The most common shape identified in this study was fragments (52%) and 33% of sediment microplastics were blue in color. Microplastics were most abundant in the 1–3 m‐meter size class. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that polypropylene (PP) was the most prevalent MP in both fish (34%) and sediment (40%) samples. In this study, the Pollution load index (PLI) for each sampling site is <10, with the highest value found for station 2(1.97 ± 0.49), regarded as risk category I. This study's results will be useful for future research on microplastics in freshwater environments.

Practitioner Points

Abundance and distribution of microplastics were determined from the longest river of Bangladesh.

The structural properties of microplastics were characterized using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.

Pollution load index (PLI) of microplastics was investigated.
Design of Luminescent Heteronuclear Au(I)‐Ag(I) Systems from Aromatic Diazines
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gobernado Ainhoa , Ortega Andrea , Olmos María Elena , Monge Miguel , Rodríguez‐Castillo María , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José María
Published: February 2025

By reaction of the polymers [Au2Ag2(C6X5)4(OEt2)2]n (X = F, Cl) with the aromatic N‐donor ligands pyrimidine and pyrazine, the new heterometallic complexes [Au2Ag2(C6X5)4(pym)]n (X = F (1), Cl (2)) and [Au2Ag2(C6X5)4(pyr)(CH3CN)2]n (X = F (3), Cl (4)) are obtained. The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 3 show the polymerization of the Au2Ag2 tetranuclear units via diazine bridging ligand between two silver centers, and also, in case of complex 1 via aurophilic interactions, leading to a two‐dimensional polymer. In all cases, the optical properties have been studied in solid state at room temperature and 77 K, showing lifetimes in the microseconds range. Finally, this study has been completed with time–dependent density functional theory calculations in the case of complexes 1 and 3 (which present two different emissions) to ascribe the origin of their emissive properties. The molecular orbitals involved in the electronic transitions responsible for the phosphorescence in the case of complex 1 are related to a ligand (C6F5) to ligand (pyrimidine) charge transfer (3LL’CT) and to a cluster metal‐centered transition (3MM’). For complex 3, these molecular orbitals consist of a mixture of a ligand–metal to ligand charge transfer ([Au(C6F5)2]–pyrazine) (3LML’CT) and an intraligand transition (within the pyrazine ligand) (3IL).
Reducing the sign problem with line integrals
Authors: Larsen Rasmus N.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We present a novel strategy to strongly reduce the severity of the sign problem, using line integrals along paths of changing imaginary action. Highly oscillating regions along these paths cancel out, decreasing their contributions. As a result, sampling with standard Monte-Carlo techniques becomes possible in cases that otherwise require methods taking advantage of complex analysis, such as Lefschetz-thimbles or Complex Langevin. We lay out how to write down an ordinary differential equation for the line integrals. As an example of its usage, we apply the results to a 1d quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillator with a x
4 potential in real time, finite temperature.
Radio(chemo)therapy in anal cancer: evaluation of sex-specific disparities across AJCC stages
Authors: Fuchs F. , Rogowski P. , Rottler M. , Shouman M. A. , Heinrich K. , Kühn F. , Belka C. , Unger K. , Walter F.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate sex differences in anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC), with a particular focus on the prognostic significance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 9th edition staging system for oncological outcome.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted in 188 patients with histologically confirmed ASCC who underwent definitive (chemo)radiotherapy between 2004 and 2020. Patient- and tumor-related data were collected. Tumor stage groups were classified according to the AJCC 9th edition. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), freedom from recurrence (FFR), and colostomy-free survival (CFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method for univariate testing and Cox regression models for multivariate analysis. Differences between sexes were assessed.

Results

The cohort included 134 females and 54 males, with a median follow-up of 83 months. Females exhibited significantly better OS (p = 0.01), DFS (p = 0.01), and CFS (p = 0.03). For male patients, there was a clear trend towards better OS (p = 0.08), DFS (p = 0.10), and FFR (p = 0.09) in earlier tumors as well as significantly better CFS (p = 0.04). In contrast, in the female subgroup, there were no significant differences in OS (p = 0.64), DFS (p = 0.52), and CFS (p = 0.25) with respect to tumor stage. In multivariate analysis, male sex, older age, and advanced tumor stages were significant risk factors for poorer OS, DFS, and CFS.

Conclusion

This study highlights significant sex differences in ASCC prognoses, with females showing better survival outcomes. The prognostic value of the AJCC 9th edition staging system differs between sexes; thus, we support the inclusion of sex as a prognostic factor in staging systems.
Partizipation gestalten – digitale Gesundheitskompetenz fördern
Authors: Seidel Gabriele , Bornemann Anabel , Meyer Antje , Kretschmer Jürgen , Krug Jens , Dierks Marie-Luise
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund

Von Patientenorganisationen wird zunehmend ein partizipatives Vorgehen in der Gesundheitsforschung gefordert. Im Projekt „KundiG – Klug und digital durch das Gesundheitswesen“ wurde bei der Entwicklung eines Schulungsprogramms für digitale Gesundheitskompetenz (dGK) die Perspektive chronisch kranker Menschen einbezogen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aufzuzeigen, welcher personelle Aufwand mit der partizipativen Entwicklung eines Schulungsprogramms verbunden ist und welche Voraussetzungen dafür notwendig sind.

Methoden

Im Projektzeitraum 04/2021–03/2023 wurde von den Forschenden ein Basiskonzept erarbeitet und in einem strukturierten Partizipationsprozess in Bezug auf Inhalte, Thementiefe, Ablauf, Didaktik und Kursmaterialien kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Dazu wurde ein Partizipationsmodell erstellt. Eine formative Evaluation fand im Rahmen von 8 Pilotkursen statt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt haben 20 Personen in den Arbeitsgruppen (AGs) und bei der Evaluation mitgearbeitet, davon 6 aus der organisierten Selbsthilfe, 3 von der BARMER und 11 von der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover. Die partizipative Zusammenarbeit war arbeitsintensiv und zeitlich eng getaktet, sodass nicht alle Mitglieder in gleicher Intensität teilnehmen konnten. Es entstand ein internetbasiertes Schulungsprogramm, das von den Teilnehmenden der Pilotkurse positive Rückmeldungen und Verbesserungsvorschläge erhielt. Im Ergebnis entstanden ein 15-stündiger Online-Kurs zur Förderung der dGK, ein 300-seitiges Kursmanual und 6 digitale barrierefreie Begleithefte.

Diskussion

Partizipation bedeutete die aktive Mitarbeit aller Beteiligten im gesamten Prozess, eine hohe Termindichte, die Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Perspektiven und ein ständiges Bemühen um Konsens. Eine vorherige Schulung der Mitwirkenden könnte bei künftigen Projekten hilfreich sein. In Vorbereitung sind die Ausrollung des Programms und die kontinuierliche Evaluation im Kontext der Selbsthilfe.
Superelliptic curves with large Galois images
Authors: Goodman Pip
Published: February 2025

Let

$$r>2$$

r
>
2

and

$$\ell $$

ℓ

be primes. In this paper we study the mod

$$\ell $$

ℓ

Galois representations attached to curves of the form

$$y^r = f(x)$$

y
r

=
f

(
x
)

where f is monic and has coefficients belonging to the rth cyclotomic field. We provide conditions on the coefficients (and degree) of f which allow one to verify the mod

$$\ell $$

ℓ

image is large outside of a (typically small) finite explicit set of primes. We allow all values of r for which the rth cyclotomic field has odd class number. This appears to be the first explicit result for abelian varieties of dimension greater than two and not of

$${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{GL}}\,}}_2$$

GL

2

-type which allows the ground field to have unramified extensions. To determine the exact image we study the “endomorphism character”, a certain algebraic Hecke character which generalises the CM character. This is achieved in entirety when

$$r=3$$

r
=
3

. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first accurate description of the full image in the literature. Finally, we give several examples with genus ranging from 10 to 36. Applications to the Inverse Galois Problem are also included.
A hybrid [18F]fluoropivalate PET-multiparametric MRI to detect and characterise brain tumour metastases based on a permissive environment for monocarboxylate transport
Authors: Islam S. , Inglese M. , Aravind P. , Barwick T. D. , Mauri F. , McLeavy L. , Årstad E. , Wang J. , Puccio I. , Hung L. , Lu H. , O’Neill K. , Waldman A. D. , Williams M. , Aboagye E. O.
Published: February 2025

The incidence of Intracranial Metastatic Disease (IMD) continues to increase in part due to improvements in systemic therapy resulting in durable control of extra-cranial disease (ECD). Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) is the preferred method for imaging IMD, but has limitations particularly in follow-up surveillance scans to optimise patient care. We investigate a new diagnostic approach of hybrid ([18]F]fluoropivalate (FPIA) Positron Emission Tomography-multiparametric MRI (PET-mpMRI), in 12 treatment-naïve and 10 stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)-treated patients (± combination therapy within 4–8 weeks). High FPIA uptake was seen in all IMD compared to contralateral white matter, regardless of ECD tumour-of-origin (p = 0.0001) and FPIA-PET volumes extended beyond CE-MRI volumes in treatment-naïve but not SRS-treated tumours. Patients with maximum PET Standardised Uptake Value, (SUVmax) ≥ 2.0 showed particularly short overall-survival (median 4 v 15 months, p = 0.0136), while CE-MRI was uninformative regarding outcome; a PET-mpMRI grade-measure also provided non-invasive prediction of overall-survival, warranting larger studies of PET-mpMRI. Independent metabolomics analyses were consistent with shared adaptation of IMD to utilise or accumulate monocarboxylates and acylcarnitines, respectively, providing a common phenotypic basis to FPIA-PET. Reprogrammed monocarboxylate metabolism-related FPIA-PET provides new insights into annotating IMD, to be expounded in future opportunities for therapy decisions for the growing number of cancer patients with IMD [Trial registration reference: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04807582; 3rd November 2021, retrospectively registered].
Are palpation-guided interventional procedures on the adductor longus muscle safe? A cadaveric and sonographic investigation
Authors: Santamaría-Le Pera Javier , Valera-Garrido Fermín , Valderrama-Canales Francisco J. , Minaya-Muñoz Francisco , Herrero Pablo , Lapuente-Hernández Diego
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The main objective was to study the anatomy of the adductor longus by ultrasound and cadaveric dissection, correlate the findings with the different approaches described, and evaluate the feasibility of defining a “safe window” for interventional musculoskeletal procedures.

Methods

The anatomical study was performed on six cadaveric pieces, while ultrasound evaluations were performed on both lower limbs of 26 subjects (n = 52). Ultrasound variables included the number of saphenous veins, the location of the saphenous vein in relation to the proximal myotendinous junction, the number of vessels within or superficial to the adductor longus, and the distance between the dermis and the inferior border of the adductor longus to the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.

Results

Key anatomic risk factors identified in cadavers included the great saphenous vein, the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, and the vascular network traversing the adductor longus. Ultrasound findings revealed that 91.4% of cases had at least one vessel at the proximal myotendinous junction in the cross-sectional area, almost 60% showed two to five vessels within the thickness of the muscle, and the anterior branch of the obturator nerve was located at a mean depth of 3.63–3.93 cm.

Conclusions

It was not possible to define a “safe” approach area without the risk of damaging any neurovascular bundle due to the high anatomical variability both in number and in the route of these along the adductor longus. Therefore, the use of ultrasound to guide any interventional musculoskeletal procedure is highly recommended.
Visualization and prediction of the pleura and thoracic duct: elucidation of changes due to respiration using arterial landmarks and CT images
Authors: Hirano Niina , Muro Satoru , Tsuchiya Junichi , Akita Keiichi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The thoracic duct uses the pulsation of accompanying arteries to facilitate lymphatic flow. However, the lymphatic flow mechanism cannot be explained when it does not accompany the arteries. This study aimed to clarify the anatomical position of the thoracic duct and surrounding structures and determine the differences in the thoracic duct length and course during inspiration and expiration.

Methods

Six cadavers were dissected to observe the positional relationship between the thoracic duct and surrounding structures. Image sequences of anatomical sections from the Visible Korean Human Open Resource were observed and reconstructed to understand their three-dimensional positioning. Inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography scans were used to measure and examine respiratory variations in the distance between the arterial landmarks to predict the thoracic duct length.

Results

The thoracic duct accompanied the arteries for most of its course and was sandwiched between the arteries and pleura, entering the mediastinum. However, there was an area on the cranial side of the aortic arch where the thoracic duct did not accompany the arteries. The distance between the arterial landmarks in this area, which approximate the thoracic duct length, was significantly longer during inspiration (39.3 ± 7.81 mm) than during expiration (31.49 ± 7.01 mm).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the pleura entering the mediastinum pushes the thoracic duct toward the arteries to promote lymphatic flow generation by arterial pulsation. Additionally, this study suggests that the lymphatic flow in the thoracic duct is generated by the expansion and contraction of the thoracic duct with respiratory movement.
The rare phenomenon of glomerulonephritis presentation in extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma: summary of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Stanchina Michele D. , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Zuo Yiqin , Cassidy Daniel , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: February 2025

Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis (GN) has been reported in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite descriptions in NHL, very few reports have been documented in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). In this article, we review the literature of currently known cases of MZL-associated GN and we detail two cases of patients with extra-nodal MZL (EMZL) who both presented with renal failure, fluid overload, and proteinuria which were attributed to GN after a renal biopsy. We discuss the pathology of each renal biopsy in depth and how the diagnosis of GN was made, along with potential mechanisms of how EMZL led to GN. We also discuss the treatments each patient received and whether this led to the resolution of their GN. Both cases highlight the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for this paraneoplastic syndrome when patients present with signs or symptoms of renal failure, proteinuria or hematuria, or potential renal involvement on imaging. In these cases, a renal biopsy should be pursued to confirm the diagnosis, and treatment should be tailored accordingly.
Evidence of eastern rockhopper penguin feeding on a key commercial arrow squid species
Authors: Guímaro Hugo R. , Thompson David R. , Morrison Kyle W. , Fragão Joana , Matias Ricardo S. , Xavier José C.
Published: February 2025

Cephalopods are crucial to the Southern Ocean ecosystem, connecting top predators with mid-trophic organisms, yet their ecology in the Pacific sector is not well understood. This research used stable isotope analysis to explore the habitat and trophic ecology of cephalopods found in the diet of eastern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) around Campbell Island, a New Zealand sub-Antarctic island. Eastern rockhopper penguins were used as biologic samplers, revealing some differences in cephalopod diversity and ecology between two breeding seasons—1986–87 and 2012–13—, and the squid Nototodarus sloanii, a commercially valuable species, was described for the first time in the 2012–13 season. Stable isotope values (δ
13C and δ
15N) for the squid species Moroteuthopsis ingens were consistent between seasons, indicating ecological stability, whereas the octopod species Octopus campbelli showed changes, suggesting shifts in habitat and feeding. Warmer oceanic temperatures in 2012–13 may have facilitated the emergence of N. sloanii on the diet of the eastern rockhopper penguins. These findings highlight potential changes in cephalopod biodiversity in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the need for further research on ecological dynamics of this region.
The basics of PET molecular imaging in neurodegenerative disorders with dementia and/or parkinsonism
Authors: Bronte Angela , Prieto Elena , Quincoces Gemma , Erro Elena , Arbizu Javier
Published: February 2025

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers have become crucial in understanding and diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders. PET imaging allows for the in vivo quantification of molecular targets with high sensitivity, aiding in the study of disease pathophysiology and progression from preclinical stages. By visualising specific molecular pathologies, PET biomarkers enable a shift from symptom-based to biology-based definitions of neurodegenerative diseases, allowing for earlier and more accurate detection and diagnosis. This has significant implications for developing and testing new therapies aimed at modifying disease course.

In this review, we will go through the standards of PET imaging in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, we will review PET molecular imaging of amyloid-β plaques, tau pathology, as well as the effect of neurodegeneration on neuronal activity in different disorders. Moreover, we will revise PET tracers targeting neurotransmitter systems such as the dopaminergic system which can detect early functional changes in movement disorders. Issues related to methods, image interpretation, normal findings and mimics will be an important part of this review.

Key Points

Question

A review of PET molecular imaging tools for assisting the clinical diagnosis of patients presenting with cognitive impairment or parkinsonism and suspected neurodegenerative disease.

Findings

PET molecular imaging tools vary widely in their image acquisition protocols and image interpretation, allowing us to study different features of neurodegenerative diseases.

Clinical relevance

The majority of PET molecular imaging tools are currently in use in our clinical practice. Despite the differences between them, standardised visual reading methods and specific semi-quantitative parameters have been established, allowing for their use.
Risk stratification of postoperative pancreatic fistula and other complications following pancreatoduodenectomy. How far are we? A scoping review
Authors: Alhulaili Zahraa M. , Pleijhuis Rick G. , Hoogwater Frederik J.H. , Nijkamp Maarten W. , Klaase Joost M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a challenging procedure which is associated with high morbidity rates. This study was performed to make an overview of risk factors included in risk stratification methods both logistic regression models and models based on artificial intelligence algorithms to predict postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and other complications following PD and to provide insight in the extent to which these tools were validated.

Methods

Five databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Calculators, equations, nomograms, and artificial intelligence models that addressed POPF and other complications were included. Only PD resections were considered eligible. There was no exclusion of the minimally invasive techniques reporting PD resections. All other pancreatic resections were excluded.

Results

90 studies were included. Thirty-five studies were related to POPF, thirty-five studies were related to other complications following PD and twenty studies were related to artificial intelligence predication models after PD. Among the identified risk factors, the most used factors for POPF risk stratification were the main pancreatic duct diameter (MPD) (80%) followed by pancreatic texture (51%), whereas for other complications the most used factors were age (34%) and ASA score (29.4%). Only 26% of the evaluated risk stratification tools for POPF and other complications were externally validated. This percentage was even lower for the risk models using artificial intelligence which was 20%.

Conclusion

The MPD was the most used factor when stratifying the risk of POPF followed by pancreatic texture. Age and ASA score were the most used factors for the stratification of other complications. Insight in clinically relevant risk factors could help surgeons in adapting their surgical strategy and shared decision-making. This study revealed that the focus of research still lies on developing new risk models rather than model validation, hampering clinical implementation of these tools for decision support.
Shifts in competition outcomes between two Daphnia species in response to algal phosphorus content
Authors: Feniova Irina , Dzialowski Andrew R. , Bednarska Anna , Brzeziński Tomasz , Zilitinkevicz Natalia , Dawidowicz Piotr
Published: February 2025

Competition is one of the key drivers of cladoceran community dynamics. Competitive abilities can be measured as the Threshold Food Concentration (TFC), i.e., concentration of food at which population growth rate equals zero. Species with lower TFC should be superior competitors. However, population TFC can vary with environmental conditions. We hypothesized that algal phosphorus (P) content influences TFC and can alter the outcome of competition between large and small-bodied cladocerans. We conducted competition and life table experiments with single clones of large Daphnia magna and small Daphnia longispina to assess how algal P content affected their TFC and competitive interactions. We also conducted computer simulations to further explore competition between the small and large species. Our experiments showed that TFC varied with the algal P content. P limitation increased the TFC of both species, but this increase was more pronounced for the smaller D. longispina. For this reason, D. magna was a superior competitor at low P content, while D.
longispina was superior at high P content. We also found that enhanced food abundance gave an additional advantage to the large-bodied D. magna due to higher reproduction potential at high food concentrations.
Prehabilitation to improve function after autologous stem cell transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial (PIRATE)
Authors: Dennett Amy M. , Porter Judi , Ting Stephen B. , Taylor Nicholas F.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Exercise and nutrition interventions are not part of routine care for those undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT). We aimed to explore estimates of effect, safety and feasibility of multidisciplinary prehabilitation for improving physical capacity after autoSCT.

Methods

This single-blinded, parallel, two-armed pilot randomized trial included adults receiving autoSCT. Participants were randomized to twice-weekly, supervised, tailored exercise and fortnightly telephone-based nutrition education, for up to 8-weeks prior to autoSCT (n = 11) or usual care (n = 11). Blinded assessments occurred at baseline (T0), pre-transplant (T1), and 4-weeks post-transplant (T2). The primary outcome was physical capacity (6-min walk test). Secondary measures included recruitment rate, adverse events, exercise adherence, physical status, nutritional status, health-related quality of life, and health service outcomes.

Results

Positive estimates of effect for walking capacity in favour of the experimental group were demonstrated at T2 (MD + 141 m, 95% CI 24 to 257 m). There was high recruitment (81%) and adherence and no major adverse events. At T2 there were large estimates of effect favoring the experimental group for higher bodyweight, and less dyspnea and gastrointenstinal symptoms. There were no between-group differences in other outcomes.

Conclusion

Prehabilitation is safe, feasible and may improve walking capacity after autoSCT. Findings support a future fully-scaled trial of prehabilitation for autoSCT.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000496910. Registered April 20, 2020.