bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Pembelajaran STEAM Berbasis Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di Satuan PAUD
Authors: Alifah Andhianto Putri , Fitriani Yulianti , Nuroniah Pepi
Published: August 2024

Pembelajaran STEAM yang terintegrasi dengan Project Based Learning (PjBL) menarik untuk diteliti karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan keterampilan peserta didik yang dibutuhkan pada abad 21. Pada perkembangan pasar global saat ini, hampir seluruh pekerjaan membutuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan berkomunikasi sehingga masa usia dini merupakan masa fundamental untuk membekali anak memiliki kemampuan kecakapan hidup dalam proses pembelajarannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan P5 melalui kegiatan Panjang Mulud sebagai basis pembelajaran STEAM di TK Putra II Serang. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian yakni peserta didik kelompok B4 sebanyak 14 anak beserta dua guru kelas.  Teknik analisis data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pelaksanaan P5 melalui kegiatan Panjang Mulud sebagai basis pembelajaran STEAM di TK Putra II Serang berhasil diterapkan dengan baik sehingga memberikan dampak positif dalam membangun pengetahuan, sikap, dan karakter peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan sumbangsih refensial dan dapat direkomendasikan kepada pihak sekolah yang menyelenggarakan P5 agar lebih memperkuat aktivitas yang mengandung unsur STEAM.
Analisis Usia terhadap Pembelajaran Praktik Komputer pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Kurniawati Saputri Ika , Astuti Wili
Published: August 2024

TIK adalah suatu alat yang tersusun atas hardware, software, jaringan dan sistem operasi untuk memperoleh informasi dan memfasilitasi komunikasi melalui perangkat komputasi digital. Penggunaan TIK yang benar membantu proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan sukses dan efisien. Pembelajaran TIK pada anak usia dini perlu mempertimbangkan usia dikarenakan berkaitan dengan intervensi yang diberikan pada setiap kelompok umur. Tujuan riset berikut ialah guna memahami apakah mungkin untuk menerapkan praktik komputer dalam pembelajaran TIK pada anak umur 3-4 tahun, dan persyaratan apa saja yang wajib dipenuhi supaya bisa melaksanakan praktik komputer dalam pembelajaran TIK pada anak di bawah 7 tahun. Penelitian ini dijalankan di TPP Al Firdaus Surakarta pada bulan September sampai November 2023. Metode riset yang dipakai ialah metode kualitatif dimana sifat penelitiannya berupa studi kasus. Sampel riset terdiri dari 14 anak KB yang dipilih memakai metode total sampling. Data riset diperoleh dari pengamatan, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Uji keabsahan data dijalankan melalui teknik peningkatan persistensi. Hasil riset berikut menjelaskan bahwa praktik komputer untuk anak usia 3 hingga 4 tahun dapat dilaksanakan dengan memperhatikan berbagai persyaratan, antara lain kompetensi guru, metode pembelajaran anak, metode pembelajaran, waktu, dan sarana prasarana pendukung TIK.
Aktivitas Market Day Sebagai Strategi untuk Pengembangan Entrepreneurship Skill Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Purnama Triana Nandiya , Suzanti Lizza , Deni Widjayatri Rr
Published: August 2024

Entrepreneurship merupakan kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki oleh anak usia dini pada abad ke 21 karena dinilai dapat memberikan banyak manfaat, salah satunya untuk membentuk sikap dan keterampilan sebagai seorang wirausaha yang dibutuhkan kelak di masa depan. Mengembangkan kemampuan entrepreneurship pada anak sejak dini dapat melalui program kegiatan yaitu market day. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi dan dampak dari aktivitas market day sebagai strategi dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship skill anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu  observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil aktivitas market day menunjukan bahwa kegiatan ini dapat mengembangkan entrepreneurship skill anak usia dini khususnya di TK Bona. Pada variabel entrepreneurship aspek tertinggi berada pada aspek kerja keras, disiplin, dan tanggungjawab. Sedangkan untuk variabel market day tahapan tertinggi berada pada tahap persiapan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan market day ini sangat dianjurkan untuk dilaksanakan sebagai program rutin yang disesuaikan kembali dengan kebutuhan setiap lembaga. Selain itu, dibutuhkan dukungan penuh baik dari pihak lembaga, guru, ataupun orangtua agar kemampuan entreprenurship anak dapat berkembang secara optimal.
Nilai Prososial dan Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini dalam Tembang Dolanan Ki Nartosabdo
Authors: Fauziyah Nur , Sumardjoko Bambang , Astuti Wili
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna dan pentingnya nilai prososial dan kemandirian dalam pendidikan anak usia dini serta bagaimana nilai-nilai ini dapat diajarkan dan ditanamkan kepada anak-anak..Tembang dolanan karya Ki Nartosabdo dapat menjadi media yang efektif untuk menanamkan nilai prososial dan kepercayaan diri pada anak karena dapat menarik perhatian dan membuat mereka lebih mudah untuk memahami pesan yang disampaikan. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan teknik kajian pustaka dilakukan dengan mengkaji dokumen yang berkaitan dengan tembang dolanan Jawa karya ki Nartosabdo yang sesuai untuk anak usia dini. Wawancara dengan budayawan (dosen karawitan dan pakar filosofi Jawa), ahli bahasa, pakar pendidikan, psikolog anak, dan guru-guru PAUD. Observasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan aktivitas proses pembelajaran di beberapa PAUD di Surakarta. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pesan-pesan moral dan prososial dalam karya Ki Nartosabdo tidak hanya menyentuh ranah spiritual dan religius, tetapi juga berakar pada nilai-nilai budaya dan etika Jawa yang kaya antara lain: Kesetiaan, Kesederhanaan, Ketulusan, Keadilan, Kebajikan dan Kesadaran Lingkungan. Berikut adalah beberapa nilai kemandirian tercermin dalam karya Ki Nartosabdo antara lain: Menggali Potensi Diri, Kerja Keras dan Ketekunan, Kemandirian Ekonomi, Keberanian Menghadapi Tantangan, Menjaga Diri dari Ketergantungan yang Merugikan.
Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara dengan Media Flashcard pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Yuliati Kristina Anik , Widayati Mukti , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Iriani Sri Ratnaningsih Rina
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara dengan media flashcard pada Kelompok Bermain Kalila Kids School (KKS) Kebakkramat. Penelitian ini menerapkan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus terpancang. Data penelitian ini adalah perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi penerapan pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara dengan media flashcard pada anak KB KKS. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Teknik analisis data di penelitian ini menggunakan teknik reduksi data, pengumpulan data, verifikasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tahapan pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan guru meliputi perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan penilaian pembelajaran. Aktivitas dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran meliputi empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu kegiatan persiapan, pembukaan, kegiatan inti, dan penutup. Guru menilai sikap, ucapan, dan perilaku siswa melalui percakapan dan pengamatan. Hasil penilaian guru dituangkan dalam catatan harian dan penilaian harian untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara dengan media flashcard dan sebagai data laporan perkembangan anak. Terbukti bahwa media flashcard mempengaruhi keterampilan menyimak dan berbicara anak. Pembelajaran dengan media ini perlu diterapkan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara anak.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inquiry dengan Metode Bercerita terhadap Kemampuan Bahasa dan Kognitif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Maarang Martheda , Hasibuan Rachma , Khotimah Nurul
Published: August 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran inquiry dengan metode bercerita terhadap kemampuan bahasa dan kemampuan kognitif anak usia 5-6 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan rancangan nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Kalabahi, yang berjumlah 60 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, pretest-posttest, dan dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan pada kelas eksperimen yakni B1 dan B2 dilakukan penilaian awal yakni pretest dengan hasil menunjukkan rerata kemampuan bahasa anak pada kelas B1 45.00, B2 52.22, B3 43.00 dan B4 43.00, dan kognitif B1 41.00, B2 42.00, B3 43.00, dan B4 37.00. Setelah diberikan treatment kedua kelas mengalami peningkatan kemampuan bahasa dan kognitif. Terbukti dengan uji independent t-Test posttest kedua kelas yakni nilai Mean bahasa kelas eksperimen (B1 & B2) 96.1120, kelas kontrol (B3 & B4) 81.6663 dan kemampuan kognitif kelas eksperimen (B1 & B2) 95.2780, kelas kontrol (B3 & B4) 80.8337. Hasil uji independent t-test yang menunjukkan nilai posttest kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol. Nilai Sig. (2-Tailed) menunjukkan nilai 0.000 dan t-hitung>t-tabel, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara penerapan model pembelajaran inquiry dengan metode bercerita terhadap kemampuan bahasa dan kognitif anak.
Sarung Tenun Alor Berbasis Etnomatika terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Geometri dan Penjumlahan pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Puling Imanuel
Published: August 2024

Penggunaan kain tenun sebagai alat bantu dalam pengenalan geometri dan penjumlahan pada anak usia dini merupakan pendekatan inovatif yang menggabungkan aspek budaya dengan pembelajaran matematika. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh media sarung tenun berbasis etnomatematika terhadap kemampuan geometri anak usia dini dan mengetahui kemampuan berhitung pada sarung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quis eksperiment. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PAUD Duyun kabupaten Alor Teknik. pengumpuln data adalah Observasi, Wawancara dan Tes. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni berjumlah 24 anak. Teknik analisis data Uji normalitas, uji Homogenitas dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kain tenun meningkatkan minat dan keterlibatan anak dalam proses belajar, serta memperkuat pemahaman mereka terhadap konsep-konsep matematika dasar. Penggunaan media sarung tenun khas Alor memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap kemampuan geometri anak. penggunaan media sarung tenun khas Alor memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap kemampuan konsep penjumlahan anak.
Kami Bisa Sendiri: Upaya Membentuk Kemandirian Anak Kembar melalui Pola Asuh Demokratis
Authors: Khairun Nisa Firda , Sundari Nenden , Anesty Mashudi Esya
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hal-hal berkaitan dengan upaya orang tua dalam membentuk kemandirian anak kembar usia 5-6 tahun melalui pola asuh demokratis. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, penelitian ini melibatkan observasi terhadap perilaku anak kembar yang menunjukkan indikator kemandirian serta wawancara dengan orang tua anak kembar untuk memperoleh gambaran dan informasi mendalam tentang strategi membentuk kemandirian anak melalui pola asuh demokratis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang tua memberikan kebebasan pilihan kepada anak kembar, melibatkan mereka dalam pengambilan keputusan, memberikan dukungan dalam mengatasi tantangan emosional, dan menjaga kontrol serta batasan yang sesuai dan jelas melaui pembuatan peraturan yang disepakati bersama serta komunikasi terbuka. Perlakuan tersebut menjadi strategi yang dapat mendorong kemandirian emosional dan perilaku positif pada anak kembar. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya prinsip-prinsip keadilan serta pendekatan yang seimbang antara kebebasan dan kontrol dalam upaya orang tua untuk mendukung perkembangan kemandirian anak kembar. Rekomendasi penelitian ditujukan pada orang tua dari anak kembar dan peneliti selanjutnya.
Analisis Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar pada Lembaga Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Putri Manik Anisa , Khadijah Khadijah
Published: August 2024

Salah satu bentuk kurikulum merdeka yaitu dengan menggunakan kurikulum Merdeka belajar. Kurikulum tersebut menggunakan gabungan dari kurikulum 2013 dengan kurikulum merdeka sebagai acuan belajar anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Analisis Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Pada Lembaga Taman Kanak- Kanak Di TK IT Nurul Ilmi Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskrtiptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara guru, wakil bidang kurikulum dan kepala sekolah. Analisis data pada penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengetahui proses strategi dan evaluasi terhadap penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar. Hasil yang di peroleh menunjukkan bahwa dalam penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar menunjukan kemajuan dalam berbagai aspek perkembangan dalam memehami materi, meskipun ada beberapa kendala dalam pemahaman materi yang ada. TK ini dapat terus menjadi lembaga pendidikan yang berkontribusi positif pada perkembagan pendidikan anak di masa depan. Strategi untuk mendukung terlaksananya kurikulum merdeka ini, TK IT Nurul Ilmi membuat program inovasi literasi anak yang diberi nama ASIK, pengenalan enam dimensi profil pelajar Pancasila melalui lagu, serta kegiatan di kelas menggunakan pendekatan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan keagamaan.
Optimalisasi Perkembangan Seni AUD: Aktivitas Menggambar Menggunakan Teknik Cetak Tinggi di Taman Kanak-kanak
Authors: Rosita Rosita , Sundari Nenden , Anesty Mashudi Esya
Published: August 2024

Sejauh ini aktivitas menggambar menggunakan teknik cetak tinggi sudah memberikan pengaruh yang positif. Oleh karena itu  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambaran pelaksanaan aktivitas menggambar menggunakan teknik cetak  tinggi dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan seni anak usia dini.  Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian meliputi 1 orang guru kelas  dan 12 orang siswa kelompok B berusia 5 – 6 tahun . Penelitian dilakukan di TK Permata Safira Kota Serang, Banten. Langkah-langkah aktivitas menggambar menggunakan teknik cetak tinggi terbagi menjadi tiga tahapan utama, yakni tahapan persiapan guru menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran harian (RPPH), tahap pelaksanaan anak diarahkan untuk melakukan aktivitas menggambar menggunakan teknik cetak tinggi dengan menggunakan bentuk dan pola bebas sesuai keinginan masing-masing anak sampai dengan selesai. Pada tahap penutup guru akan mengulas kembali kegiatan yang telah dilakukan dengan melakukan tanya jawab atau pemberian reward. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan terbuat dari bahan yang aman bagi anak contohnya dengan menggunakan cetakan dari pelepah pisang dan potongan bawang sedangkan tintanya menggunakan pewarna makanan atau cat air yang aman bagi anak dan tidak beracun. Aktivitas menggambar menggunakan cetak tinggi menunjukkan dampak positif pada anak terutama pada kemampuan anak dalam mengombinasikan warna, serta menggambar berbagai variasi bentuk dengan berbagai variasi cetakan.
Implementasi Metode Karyawisata dalam Mengembangkan Bahasa Ekspresif Anak
Authors: Marlida Lusi , Amelia Lina , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah
Published: August 2024

Bahasa ekspresif anak penting untuk dikembangkan agar anak dapat mengungkapkan pikiran, perasaan dan idenya.  Guru di TK Negeri Mentari mengembangkan bahasa ekspresif anak dengan metode karyawisata ke Poeteumereuhom yang dilaksanakan secara rutin setiap tahunnya. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi metode karyawisata dalam mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa ekspresif anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Negeri Mentari. Penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif menggunakan  2 guru dan 8 anak sebagai subjek penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara dianalisis dengan penyajian data, reduksi data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi metode karyawisata dilakukan dengan; penyampaian ide dan pendapat secara lebih jelas; menggunakan kalimat yang lebih kompleks dalam percakapan; memberikan respons cerita dengan ekspresi verbal dan non-verbal yang sesuai untuk mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa ekspresif anak. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode karyawisata dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu metode yang direkomendasikan dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini untuk mendukung perkembangan bahasa ekspresif
The Effect of the European Green Deal on Turkish Maritime Transport Sector from a Legal Perspective
Authors: Çeçen Halil
Published: August 2024

The aim of the research is to review the contributions of the European Green Deal (EGD) and the acquis communautaire to the decarbonization targets of Turkish maritime transport sector. As the methodology of the research, a detailed and comparative analysis was followed by reviewing the legal documents both in the European Union (EU) law and Turkish law, international agreements and official statistical data. The main question of the research is to review how the compliance works of Türkiye with the acquis communautaire at the field of the decarbonization of Turkish maritime sector shapes the Turkish law based on EGD and Türkiye Green Deal Action Plan (TGDAP). Therefore, the paper is considered by the author, will contribute to the literature by delving into the recent developments. The decarbonization targets for the maritime transportation sector mentioned in the EGD have a significant impact on the decarbonization targets in the Turkish maritime which constitutes a significant field in TGDAP. It is concluded that the European Commission’s Financing Agreement, which determines actions such as donating existing ships with renewable energy technologies, building new ships, and supplying alternative fuel infrastructure in port activities in Türkiye, shall also make significant contributions to the realization of the commitments given by Türkiye at the international agreements for the decarbonisation of maritime activities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions, respectively and shall increase the close cooperation between the Turkish authorities and the EU in combating climate change.
Strengthening the Local Economy of Islamic Boarding Schools Through Fundraising for the End of the School Year
Authors: Amin M. Alawi
Published: August 2024

The economy plays a central role in regional and community life, including the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economic instability can have a negative impact on community welfare, so sustainable economic development is a priority to improve living standards. This study discusses strengthening the local economy at the Shodrul Ulum Al Cholil Islamic Boarding School, Malang, through the annual haflah akhirussanah event. The analysis includes a literature review, document study, and data analysis to produce findings that provide in-depth insights into the impact and effectiveness of the activity. Islamic boarding schools, as autonomous institutions established by the local community, have strategic potential in empowering the local economy. The Shodrul Ulum Al Cholil Islamic Boarding School, which was established in 2010 and is located in Brongkal Village, Pagelaran, Malang, plays an important role in the local economy by involving students and the surrounding community. The haflah akhirussanah event, which is held annually, attracts the participation of traders and service providers, creating economic opportunities. This study identifies several factors that can strengthen the local economy of Islamic boarding schools, such as capital, partnerships, policies, education, innovation, mastery of technology, and access to markets. Pesantren also need to overcome challenges such as the conglomeration system that can hinder their efforts. By utilizing local resources and empowering students, pesantren can become strong economic institutional centers.
Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Syariah Terhadap Keputusan Memilih Asuransi Syariah
Authors: Azri Ahmad Danil , Rezki Muhammad , Purwanto Muhammad Aji
Published: August 2024

This research examines and discusses how sharia financial literacy influences the decision to choose sharia insurance. In today’s modern era, the level of understanding of sharia finance is very important in determining the insurance you want to use and reducing risks that affect financial losses. A good understanding of finances can improve the quality of decision making to achieve prosperity. The aim of this research is to analyze the influenceof sharia financial literacy on the choice of sharia insurance. This research involved a sampel of 48 stundents of the sharia economics study program at the Bengkalis State Islamic College. The results of this research show that, with sharia financia literacy, students feel able to understand sharia insurance as financial protection. Students also feel that sharia financial literacy provides a level of understanding of sharia insurance. Based on this, it can be seen that sharia financial literacy has a significant impact on the choice of sharia insurance and fosters confidence in the use of sharia financial product for better risk management.
HST SHEL: Enabling Comparative Exoplanetology with HST/STIS
Authors: Allen Natalie H. , Sing David K. , Espinoza Néstor , O’Steen Richard , Nikolov Nikolay K. , Rustamkulov Zafar , Evans-Soma Thomas M. , Ramos Rosado Lakeisha M. , Alam Munazza K. , López-Morales Mercedes , Stevenson Kevin B. , Wakeford Hannah R. , May Erin M. , Brahm Rafael , Tala Pinto Marcelo
Published: August 2024

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been our most prolific tool to study exoplanet atmospheres. As the age of JWST begins, there are a wealth of HST archival data that are useful to strengthen our inferences from JWST. Notably, HST/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), with its 0.3–1 μm wavelength coverage, extends past JWST’s 0.6 μm wavelength cutoff and holds an abundance of potential information: alkali (Na, K) and molecular (TiO, VO) species opacities, aerosol information, and the presence of stellar contamination. However, time-series observations with HST suffer from significant instrumental systematics and can be highly dependent on choices made during the transit fitting process. This makes comparing transmission spectra of planets with different data reduction methodologies challenging, as it is difficult to discern whether an observed trend is caused by differences in data reduction or underlying physical processes. Here we present the Sculpting Hubble’s Exoplanet Legacy (SHEL) program, which aims to build a consistent data reduction and light-curve analysis methodology and associated database of transmission spectra from archival HST observations. In this paper, we present the SHEL analysis framework for HST/STIS and its low-resolution spectroscopy modes, G430L and G750L. We apply our methodology to four notable hot Jupiters, WASP-39 b, WASP-121 b, WASP-69 b, and WASP-17 b, and use these examples to discuss nuances behind analysis with HST/STIS. Our results for WASP-39 b, WASP-121 b, and WASP-17 b are consistent with past publications, but our analysis of WASP-69 b differs and shows evidence of either a strong scattering slope or stellar contamination. The data reduction pipeline and tutorials are available on Github and Zenodo.
A Catalog of Broad Hα and Hβ Active Galactic Nuclei in MaNGA
Authors: Negus James , Comerford Julia M. , Müller Sánchez Francisco
Published: August 2024

Broad Hα and Hβ emission lines (FWHM > 1000 km s−1) are incredibly efficient tracers of the high-velocity clouds encircling active galactic nuclei (AGNs). As a result, we search for these broad-line AGN in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) catalog. We identify 301 broad-line Hα galaxies and 801 broad-line Hβ galaxies in the catalog. In total, we detect 1042 unique broad-line galaxies with luminosities between 1037 and 1043 erg s−1; 60 feature both broad Hα and broad Hβ emission. We also determine that the broad-line region radius ranges between 0.01 and 46 lt-days, with a median radius of 0.1 lt-days (0.02 pc) for our broad Hβ sample. In addition, we find that both samples feature a higher fraction of galaxy mergers (44% for the broad Hα sample and 43% for the broad Hβ sample), compared to the full MaNGA galaxy sample (26%), which suggests that merger-driven fueling is strongly active in our sample.
Seasonal Variation of Saturn's Lyα Brightness
Authors: Stephenson P. , Koskinen T. T. , Brown Z. , Quémerais E. , Lavvas P. , Moses J. I. , Sandel B. , Yelle R.
Published: August 2024

We examine Saturn’s nonauroral (dayglow) emissions at Lyα observed by the Cassini/Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) instrument from 2003 until 2017, to constrain meridional and seasonal trends in the upper atmosphere. We separate viewing geometry effects from trends driven by atmospheric properties, by applying a multivariate regression to the observed emissions. The Lyα dayglow brightnesses depend on the incident solar flux, solar incidence angle, emission angle, and observed latitude. The emissions across latitudes and seasons show a strong dependence with solar incidence angle, typical of resonantly scattered solar flux and consistent with no internal source such as electroglow. We observe a bulge in Lyα brightnesses that shifts with the summer season from the southern to the northern hemisphere. We estimate atomic hydrogen optical depths above the methane homopause level for dayside disk observations (2004–2016) by comparing observed Lyα emissions to a radiative transfer model. We model emissions from resonantly scattered solar flux and a smaller but significant contribution by scattered photons from the interplanetary hydrogen (IPH) background. During the northern summer, inferred hydrogen optical depths steeply decrease with latitude toward the winter hemisphere from a northern hemisphere bulge, as predicted by a 2D seasonal photochemical model. The southern hemisphere mirrors this trend during its summer. However, inferred optical depths show substantially more temporal variation between 2004 and 2016 than predicted by the photochemical model. We benchmark our brightness values by comparing observed IPH Lyα emissions from Cassini/UVIS in 2006 with a model of the IPH emissions. Cassini/UVIS observations agree well with the modeled IPH background.
Embedded Coherent Structures from Magnetohydrodynamics to Sub-ion Scales in Turbulent Solar Wind at 0.17 au
Authors: Vinogradov Alexander , Alexandrova Olga , Démoulin Pascal , Artemyev Anton , Maksimovic Milan , Mangeney André , Vasiliev Alexei , Petrukovich Anatoli A. , Bale Stuart
Published: August 2024

We study intermittent coherent structures in solar wind turbulence from MHD to kinetic plasma scales using Parker Solar Probe data during its first perihelion (at 0.17 au) in the highly Alfvénic slow solar wind. We detect coherent structures using Morlet wavelets. For the first time, we apply a multiscale analysis in physical space. At MHD scales within the inertial range, times scales τ ∈ (1, 102) s, we find (i) current sheets including switchback boundaries and (ii) Alfvén vortices. Within these events are embedded structures at smaller scales: typically Alfvén vortices at ion scales, τ ∈ (0.08, 1) s, and compressible vortices at sub-ion scales, τ ∈ 8(10−3, 10−2) s. The number of coherent structures grows toward smaller scales: we observe ∼200 events during a 5 hr time interval at MHD scales, ∼103 at ion scales, and ∼104 at sub-ion scales. In general, there are multiple structures of ion and sub-ion scales embedded within one MHD structure. There are also examples of ion and sub-ion scale structures outside MHD structures. To quantify the relative importance of different types of structures, we do a statistical comparison of the observed structures with the expectations of models of the current sheets and vortices. The results show the dominance of Alfvén vortices at all scales in contrast to the widespread view of the dominance of current sheets. This means that Alfvén vortices are important building blocks of Alfvénic solar wind turbulence.
Energetic Electrons Accelerated and Trapped in a Magnetic Bottle above a Solar Flare Arcade
Authors: Chen 陈 Bin 彬 , Kong Xiangliang , Yu Sijie , Shen Chengcai , Li Xiaocan , Guo Fan , Zhang Yixian , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm
Published: August 2024

Where and how flares efficiently accelerate charged particles remains an unresolved question. Recent studies revealed that a “magnetic bottle” structure, which forms near the bottom of a large-scale reconnection current sheet above the flare arcade, is an excellent candidate for confining and accelerating charged particles. However, further understanding its role requires linking the various observational signatures to the underlying coupled plasma and particle processes. Here we present the first study combining multiwavelength observations with data-informed macroscopic magnetohydrodynamics and particle modeling in a realistic eruptive flare geometry. The presence of an above-the-loop-top magnetic bottle structure is strongly supported by the observations, which feature not only a local minimum of magnetic field strength but also abruptly slowing plasma downflows. It also coincides with a compact above-the-loop-top hard X-ray source and an extended microwave source that bestrides the flare arcade. Spatially resolved spectral analysis suggests that nonthermal electrons are highly concentrated in this region. Our model returns synthetic emission signatures that are well matched to the observations. The results suggest that the energetic electrons are strongly trapped in the magnetic bottle region due to turbulence, with only a small fraction managing to escape. The electrons are primarily accelerated by plasma compression and facilitated by a fast-mode termination shock via the Fermi mechanism. Our results provide concrete support for the magnetic bottle as the primary electron acceleration site in eruptive solar flares. They also offer new insights into understanding the previously reported small population of flare-accelerated electrons entering interplanetary space.
Calibrating the WSA Model in EUHFORIA Based on Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Samara E. , Arge C. N. , Pinto R. F. , Magdalenić J. , Wijsen N. , Stevens M. L. , Rodriguez L. , Poedts S.
Published: August 2024

We employ Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations during the latest solar minimum period (years 2018–2021) to calibrate the version of the Wang–Sheeley–Arge (WSA) coronal model used in the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA). WSA provides a set of boundary conditions at 0.1 au necessary to initiate the heliospheric part of EUHFORIA, namely, the domain extending beyond the solar Alfvénic point. To calibrate WSA, we observationally constrain four constants in the WSA semiempirical formula based on PSP observations. We show how the updated (after the calibration) WSA boundary conditions at 0.1 au are compared to PSP observations at similar distances, and we further propagate these conditions in the heliosphere according to EUHFORIA’s magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approach. We assess the predictions at Earth based on the dynamic time-warping technique. Our findings suggest that, for the period of interest, the WSA configurations that resembled optimally the PSP observations close to the Sun were different from the ones needed to provide better predictions at Earth. One reason for this discrepancy can be attributed to the scarcity of fast solar wind velocities recorded by PSP. The calibration of the model was performed based on unexpectedly slow velocities that did not allow us to achieve generally and globally improved solar wind predictions compared to older studies. Other reasons can be attributed to missing physical processes from the heliospheric part of EUHFORIA but also the fact that the currently employed WSA relationship, as coupled to the heliospheric MHD domain, may need a global reformulation beyond that of just updating the four constant factors that were taken into account in this study.
Probing Thermal Electrons in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: Gao Hao-Xuan , Geng Jin-Jun , Sun Tian-Rui , Li Liang , Huang Yong-Feng , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: August 2024

Particle-in-cell simulations have unveiled that shock-accelerated electrons do not follow a pure power-law distribution, but have an additional low-energy “thermal” part, which owns a considerable portion of the total energy of the electrons. Investigating the effects of these thermal electrons on gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows may provide valuable insights into the particle acceleration mechanisms. We solve the continuity equation of electrons in energy space, from which multiwavelength afterglows are derived by incorporating processes including synchrotron radiation, synchrotron self-absorption, synchrotron self-Compton scattering, and γ–γ annihilation. First, there is an underlying positive correlation between the temporal and spectral indices due to the cooling of electrons. Moreover, thermal electrons result in simultaneous nonmonotonic variations of both the spectral and temporal indices at multiple wavelengths, which could be individually recorded by the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope and Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The thermal electrons could also be diagnosed using afterglow spectra from synergistic observations in the optical (with LSST) and X-ray (with the Microchannel X-ray Telescope on board the Space Variable Objects Monitor) bands. Finally, we use Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the distribution of the peak flux ratio (R
X) between the soft and hard X-rays, and of the time delay (Δt) between the peak times of the soft X-ray and optical light curves. The thermal electrons significantly raise the upper limits of both R
X and Δt. Thus, the distribution of GRB afterglows with thermal electrons is more scattered in the R
X−Δt plane.
Stellar Spin-down in Post-mass-transfer Binary Systems
Authors: Sun 孙 Meng 萌 , Gossage Seth , Leiner Emily M. , Geller Aaron M.
Published: August 2024

Motivated by measurements of the rotation speed of accretor stars in post-mass-transfer (post-MT) systems, we investigate how magnetic braking affects the spin-down of individual stars during binary evolution with the MESAbinary module. Unlike the conventional assumption of tidal synchronization coupled with magnetic braking in binaries, we first calculate whether tides are strong enough to synchronize the orbit. Subsequently, this influences the spin-down of stars and the orbital separation. In this study, we apply four magnetic braking prescriptions to reduce the spin angular momentum of the two stars throughout the entire binary evolution simulation. Our findings reveal that despite magnetic braking causing continuous spin-down of the accretor, when the donor begins to transfer material onto the accretor, the accretor can rapidly spin up to its critical rotation rate. After MT, magnetic braking becomes more important in affecting the angular momentum evolution of the stars. Post-MT accretor stars thus serve as a valuable test bed for observing how the magnetic braking prescriptions operate in spinning down stars from their critical rotation, including the saturation regimes of the magnetic braking. The rotation rate of the accretor star, combined with its mass, could provide age information since the cessation of MT. By comparing the models against observations, the magnetic braking prescription by Garraffo et al. is found to better align with the rotation data of post-MT accretors.
Laboratory Benchmark of n ≥ 4 Dielectronic Recombination Satellites of Fe xvii
Authors: Grell Gabriel J. , Leutenegger Maurice A. , Amaro Pedro , Crespo López-Urrutia José R. , Shah Chintan
Published: August 2024

We calculated cross sections for the dielectronic recombination (DR) satellite lines of Fe xvii and benchmarked our predictions with experimental cross sections of Fe xvii resonances that were monoenergetically excited in an electron-beam ion trap. We extend the benchmark to all resolved DR and direct electron-impact excitation (DE) channels in the experimental data set, specifically the n ≥ 4 DR resonances of Fe xvii, complementing earlier investigations of n = 3 channels. Our predictions for the DR and DE absolute cross sections for the higher n complexes disagree considerably with experimental results when using the same methods as in previous works. However, we achieve agreement within ∼10% of the experimental results by an approach whereby we doubly convolve the predicted cross sections with both the spread of the electron-beam energy and the photon energy resolution of our experiment. We then calculated rate coefficients from the experimental and theoretical cross sections, finding general agreement within 2σ with the rates found in the OPEN-ADAS atomic database.
Simplified Model of the Solar Magnetic Field
Authors: Kosakovskij Igor G.
Published: August 2024

This paper considers a structure consisting of two rings of magnetic dipoles symmetrical relative to the equatorial plane as a possible model for the source of the solar magnetic field. It shows that the magnetic field generated by this structure corresponds to Joy’s law and Hale’s polarity law. Approximate calculations show that the form and shape of the equatorial field of this structure are close to measured values, and the resulting distribution of sunspots is in agreement with Joy's law to Maunder’s butterfly diagram. Based on this structure, it is possible to explain the appearance of two peaks (Gnevyshev gap) in the distribution of sunspots at the maximum of solar activity. Calculating the polar field based on the principles of magnetic hysteresis shows a good coincidence of the calculated and measured values and makes it possible to predict the behavior of the polar field in the interval to the nearest minimum of solar activity. Analyzing dipole nutation makes it possible to predict the intensity of the upcoming solar activity maxima, while a nutation period of approximately 8 months can be associated with 1.3 yr-period field oscillations. Despite the fact that the emergence and the functioning of the proposed configuration of magnetic dipoles is considered in a simplified manner and only from the point of view of gyromagnetic and thermal forces for speed and clarity, this does not limit the use of the proposed structure as a potential model in other, more global-scale general hydromagnetic theories of solar magnetism.
Shoulder of Dust Rings Formed by Planet–Disk Interactions
Authors: Bi 毕 Jiaqing 嘉擎 , Lin 林 Min-Kai 明楷
Published: August 2024

Recent analyses of millimeter-wavelength protoplanetary disk observations have revealed several emission excesses on the previously identified dust rings, referred to as dust shoulders. The prevalence of dust shoulders suggests that they trace a common but unclear mechanism. In this work, we combine 3D, multifluid hydrodynamic simulations with radiative transfer calculations to explain the formation of dust shoulders. We find that the ring-shoulder pairs can result from the 3D planet–disk interactions with massive, gap-opening planets. The key driver is the dust filtration effect at the local pressure maximum due to planet-driven outward gas flows. Our work provides a possible explanation for the outer dust shoulders in recent super-resolution analyses of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. It also provides insights into the formation of the inner dust shoulder in the PDS 70 disk and highlights the role of 3D effects in planet–disk interaction studies.
Cosmic Reionization in the JWST Era: Back to AGNs?
Authors: Madau Piero , Giallongo Emanuele , Grazian Andrea , Haardt Francesco
Published: August 2024

Deep surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an emergent population of moderate-luminosity, broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 4 ≲ z ≲ 13 powered by accretion onto early massive black holes. The high number densities reported, together with the large Lyman-continuum (LyC) production efficiency and leakiness into the intergalactic medium that are typical of UV-selected AGNs, lead us to reassess a scenario where AGNs are the sole drivers of the cosmic hydrogen/helium reionization process. Our approach is based on the assumptions, grounded in recent observations, that (a) the fraction of broad-line AGNs among galaxies is around 10%–15%; (b) the mean escape fraction of hydrogen LyC radiation is high, at ≳80%, in AGN hosts and is negligible otherwise; and (c) internal absorption at 4 ryd or a steep ionizing EUV spectrum delay full reionization of He ii until z ≃ 2.8–3.0, in agreement with observations of the He ii Lyα forest. In our fiducial models, (1) hydrogen reionization is 99% completed by redshift z ≃ 5.3–5.5 and reaches its midpoint at z ≃ 6.5–6.7; (2) the integrated Thomson scattering optical depth to reionization is ≃0.05, consistent with constraints from cosmic microwave background anisotropy data; and (3) the abundant AGN population detected by JWST does not violate constraints on the unresolved X-ray background.
Investigating Optical Variability of the Blazar S5 0716+714 on Diverse Timescales
Authors: Ege Ergün , Özdönmez Aykut , Agarwal Aditi , Ak Tansel
Published: August 2024

We present the results of the observational study of the blazar S5 0716+716 in the optical bands B, V, R, and I between 2019 March and 2023 August to investigate its variability on diverse timescales. The blazar was followed up by the T60 robotic telescope in Türkiye for 416 nights to obtain long-term variability during this period. In order to search for the intraday variability of the object, we have carried out 21 nights of observations with the T100 telescope for at least 1 hr. The blazar showed a ∼2.47 mag variation in the optical R band during our monitoring period, the brightest state on 2020 January 18 (MJD 58866) as R = 12.109 ± 0.011 mag and the faintest state on 2019 March 23 (MJD 58565) as R = 14.580 ± 0.013 mag. We employed the nested ANOVA test and the power-enhanced F-test to quantify intraday variability, which showed that the blazar was significantly variable in the R band on 12 out of 21 nights. Correlation analysis of the light curves shows that the emission in the BVRI optical bands was strongly correlated both in the short and long term without any time lag. The blazar has likely quasiperiods of 186 ± 30 and 532 ± 76 days in the optical R-band light curve according to the weighted wavelet Z-transform and Lomb–Scargle periodogram. The intraday variation and long-term variation features are discussed within the frame of prospective scenarios.
The first report of Bathynellacea in the subterranean water of Mongolia: A new species of Altainella Camacho, 2020 (Crustacea, Bathynellidae)
Authors: Ji Su-Jung , Camacho Ana Isabel , Lee Chi-Woo , Min Gi-Sik
Published: August 2024

We report the first finding of Bathynellacea, discovered in Mongolia. We also report a new species of the genus Altainella Camacho, 2020, which was previously recorded only in the western edge of Russia.

Altainella mongoliensis sp. nov. was found in the interstitial hyporheic region of the Onon River Basin, Mongolia, by inserting a core approximately 1.2 m deep and extracting the underground interstitial water. The new species exhibited sexual dimorphism in thoracopod VII, uniquely observed within the genus Altainella. We provide a morphological description and remarks on the new species with molecular information based on the 18S rDNA and partial CO1 gene sequences. We emphasise the need for continued research on the subterranean biodiversity in previously neglected regions by reporting the first discovery of macro-stygobionts in Mongolia.
Novel discoveries of Xylariomycetidae (Ascomycota) taxa from peat swamp forests and other terrestrial habitats in Thailand
Authors: Karimi Omid , Afshari Naghmeh , Asghari Raheleh , Li Qirui , Chethana K. W. Thilini , Hyde Kevin D. , Alotibi Fatimah O.
Published: August 2024

In a comprehensive survey of fungi conducted in the northern (Chiang Rai Province) and southern (Narathiwat Province) regions of Thailand, several xylariales-like specimens were discovered. Through the integration of molecular phylogeny and morphological analyses, one previously undocumented taxon,Oxydothis narathiwatensissp. nov., was identified, along withXylaria bawanglingensisandHypoxylon hypomiltumas new host and geographical records fromAfzelia xylocarpa, andDalbergia cana, respectively. In addition,Annulohypoxylon thailandicumwas identified as a new host record fromSwietenia macrophyllain Thailand. The morphological characters, including ascomata, asci, and ascospores, were compared with knownOxydothis,Xylaria,Hypoxylon, andAnnulohypoxylonspecies. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, and SSU (for Oxydothidaceae), ITS,rpb2,tub2, andact(for Xylariaceae), and ITS, LSU,rpb2, andtub2(for Hypoxylaceae) gene regions were carried out to refine the taxonomic classifications of these specimens further. This research contributes to understanding fungal diversity in these ecologically significant regions, highlighting insights into the relationships among xylariales-like species.
An integrative framework to assess the spatio-temporal impact of plant invasion on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Werner Christiane , Hellmann Christine , Große-Stoltenberg André
Published: August 2024

Invasive species can alter the structure and functioning of the invaded ecosystem, but predictions of the impact of invasive species on ecosystem functioning are weak. Invasion is determined by the interplay of invasive species traits, the recipient community, and the environmental context. However, efficient approaches to assess the spatial dimension of functional changes in heterogeneous environments and altered plant-plant interactions are lacking. Based on recent technological progress, we posit a way forward to i) quantify the fine-scale heterogeneity of the environmental context, ii) map the structure and function of the invaded system, iii) trace changes induced by the invader with functional tracers, and iv) integrate the different spatio-temporal information from different scales using (artificial intelligence-based) modelling approaches to better predict invasion impacts. An animated 3-D model visualisation demonstrates how maps of functional tracers reveal spatio-temporal dynamics of invader impacts. Merging fine- to coarse-scale spatially explicit information of functional changes with remotely sensed metrics will open new avenues for detecting invader impacts on ecosystem functioning.
Caligus selenecola sp. nov. (Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) parasitic on the hairfin lookdown Selene brevoortii (Gill) from the Gulf of California, Mexico, with some comments on Caritus tolii Rangnekar, 1984
Authors: Morales-Serna Francisco Neptalí , Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Gómez Samuel
Published: August 2024

Specimens of a caligid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) were found on the gills of the hairfin lookdown Selene brevoortii (Gill) (Carangidae) from off Mazatlán, Sinaloa (north-western Mexico). This material represents a new species of Caligus, C. selenecolasp. nov., and is assigned to the diaphanus species group. Within this group, only C. kapuhili Lewis, 1967, C. laticaudus Shiino, 1960, C. macrurus Heller, 1865, and C. selenecolasp. nov., have been described with a reduced outer spine 1 on the second exopodal segment of leg 1. These four species can be readily separated by the relative length of the abdomen, and the presence/absence of a process on the myxal area of the female maxilliped, the sternal furca, the postantennal process, and the spiniform process on the basal antennary segment. A full description of the new species is given with some comments on Caritus tolii Rangnekar, 1984.