bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDENT INITIATIVES AS A COMPONENT OF UNIVERSITY CULTURE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tormakhova Anastasiia
Published: February 2024

The university, as an educational center, had great cultural significance in European cities since the Middle Ages. These institutions were not just centers of knowledge, they also played a crucial role in attracting resources, both intellectual and economic, to the city. The article outlines the types of student initiatives implemented in the university space. It is emphasized that higher education institutions are centers where interaction between different participants – students, teachers, and administration – is possible in an informal way. Nowadays university is a space in which integration of students in an informal atmosphere takes place through student initiatives. As an integral part of campus life, they also contribute to the development of creativity, leadership, and civic engagement. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role and importance of student initiatives as a component of university culture. Results: Participation in various associations allows students to communicate with people who have similar interests and hobbies. Inclusion in the university culture helps bridge the gap between students from different faculties or departments by facilitating communication and potential cooperation. Any project can prove to its participants that social change is achievable and can be initiated by anyone, even a freshman. The main thing is to have a clear idea of your project's goals, understand the requirements for its implementation, and enlist the necessary support from fellow students, teachers, and university management. It has been found that the result of student initiatives is participation in various creative associations, such as clubs, orchestras, choirs, or dance groups. Scientific and sports associations are also possible. Quite often it leads to organizing various volunteer projects aimed at meeting the urgent needs of society. A wide range of initiatives that students can organize relate to environmental, political, inclusion, or economic hackathons. In recent years, the practice of forming student initiatives for improving the quality of higher education has also spread. Student initiatives are a source of enriching the communicative experience between participants in the educational process and the transformation of university culture and society in general.
THE POETICS OF THE UNSPEAKABLE AND «LE FILMIQUE» IN THE WORKS OF ROLANDBARTHES
Authors:   European Humanities University, Vilnius, Lithuania, Ousmanova Almira
Published: February 2024

In the given article the author examines conceptual contribution of Roland Barthes to Film Theory from the standpoint of current debates on the methodology of analysis of the photographic and cinematic images. Barthes' input to the studies of visuality is being discussed in three interconnected aspects. Firstly, the evolution of Barthes' analytic approach is traced in the context of the formation of Film Semiotics in France and elsewhere (from the 1960s till now). Secondly, the model of textual analysis, elaborated by Barthes in the late 1960s, is considered in relation to the development of film analysis as a particular mode of reading film as a text. Thirdly, highly nuanced and inventive vocabulary, which Roland Barthes applied to the analysis of film language, seems to be particularly suitable for the phenomenalisation of the insignificant in a cinematic text, that is for the interpretation of the uncoded, open, evanescent, elusive, ineffable meanings in a film. Having elaborated such concepts as "third meaning", textual analysis, punctum, "le filmique", ‘traumatic units of cinema" and others, Roland Barthes provided a conceptual toolkit that allows for the analysis of that what I address here as "the poetics of the unspeakable". This concept, on the one hand, articulates the affective power of cinema as a means of communication, and on the other, characterises the specificity of a cinematic language if compared to other sign systems. Barthes developed the foundations of textual analysis of cinema. He was searching for answers to questions that cannot be solved within the framework of linguistics and semiotics of the text – about the insignificant, non-structural, non-semiotic – and found them in the filmic. His approach to cinema, and later to photography, maintains as a constant the attempt to understand how the viewer can overcome the power of the image: through the analysis of his affect and desire, as well as the identification of the signifiers of the ideology mechanisms. The analysis of the poetics of the unspeakable constitutes the "traumatic" core of film theory – it could be an optics to interpret Barthes' texts on cinema written between 1960 and 1980.
MYTHO-LOGIC IN NON-CLASSICAL HUMANITIES REFLECTIONS ON MYTH: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music, Kyiv, Ukraine, Oleksin Danylo
Published: February 2024

Over the past century, a lot of conceptual reflections on myth have been accumulated; however, there has been no attempt to systematically objectify and catalog such investigations. The relevance of research can be divided into two loci: the general and the particular. The general relevance is based on the high level of entwinement of myth and its motifs within contemporary culture; the particular aspect is due to the need to objectify the 20th-century theories of myth and to define their general method (1), and to enrich cultural discourse with new works in the field of myth philosophy (2). The goal of the research is to overview the process of the emergence of myth science within the context of the late 19th-century re-mythologization as an ontological argument for cultural mythological research; to define mytho-logic as a synthetic method of non-classical interpretation of mythological material. Methods: comparative (in the analysis of 20th-century approaches to studying myth and defining the non-classical concept of myth). Objectives: to explore the components of myth science; to define the concept of re-mythologization; to argue for mytho-logic as a non-classical model for interpreting myth. Results: the components of myth science that represent a sum of non-classical approaches to studying "sacred narrative" (ritual, functional, sociological, psychoanalytic, structural, transcendental, and numinous approaches) have been investigated; the concept of re-mythologization as the actualization of myth as the object of scientific, philosophical, and artistic interest has been defined; the mytho-logic as a non-classical model of myth interpretation through its structure and logic has been justified. Conclusions: the study of myth has risen on the cognitive waves of the deep ocean of modern humanities to the heights of a problem-filled space of culture studies. Through this actualization, it has gained an interdisciplinary character and has become a dozens-of-definition concept that roams from realm to realm – just like the concept of "culture" itself. Principles of the mytho-logic can and should be expanded, as myth can be studied through any presented in myth science paths. This paradigm is not self-contained and provides variability and aspectuality in considering myth as a cultural universality, and thus is convenient and justified for use in the context of non-classical philosophy and contemporary cultural studies.
Navigating the AI Landscape: Sectoral Insights on Integration and Impact
Authors: Saxena Ashish K
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the varied sentiments and attitudes prevalent across the different sectors related to integrating Artificial intelligence (AI). Understanding how sectors perceive and embrace these changes is crucial for informed decision-making and policy formulation as AI technologies continue to thrive in industries. Artificial intelligence is making waves in 2023 as businesses, consumers, and the government benefit from this technology, promising new opportunities, economic growth, and the transformation of different industries. There was so much propaganda surrounding artificial intelligence based on economic factors such as employment, education, income patterns, housing, and food security, and with time, these issues have been proven true or false. AI will have a broadly beneficial effect on society.
Investigating Students’ Behavioral Intentions towards a Smart Learning Platform Based on Machine Learning: A User Acceptance and Experience Perspective
Authors:   Department of Education Technology and Communication, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Songkram Noawanit
Published: February 2024

This study investigated students’ behavioral intentions toward a smart learning platform. In order to evaluate and implement the adoption model within the context of Thai education, an empirical study was conducted. On a sample of 1,250 pupils from throughout Thailand, an analysis technique known as structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the proposed research model. Results from the study showed that the adoption of smart learning platforms by students was most significantly impacted by attitudes towards using them. This was followed by internal variables, namely the Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) of the platforms. In addition, Accessibility (AC), Personalization (PL), and Perceived System Quality (PSQ) are peripheral factors that increase understanding of smart learning platform adoption. The findings of this study align with other research, with the exception that only AC had a detrimental impact on PEU. Therefore, this study will provide valuable insights for scholars and researchers by filling a knowledge gap in the existing literature and demonstrating the concrete use of a proficient smart learning platform in the realm of academic success.
Exploring the Potential of ChatGPT as a Substitute Teacher: A Case Study
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, UAEU, UAE, Ghazali Shatha Al
Published: February 2024

This study explores the potential of utilizing ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot, as a substitute teacher in the context of teaching chemistry to eleventh-grade students following the American curriculum in the United Arab Emirates. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in engaging students and facilitating learning across different cognitive domains. The research employs Bloom’s taxonomy to categorize learning objectives and evaluate student performance in the areas of knowing, applying, and reasoning. The study involved a sample of 39 students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Findings reveal that while ChatGPT shows promise in certain aspects, such as knowledge recall and reasoning skills, it faces challenges related to student engagement and completion rates. Analysis of students performance in the post class assessment shows that the average percentage of students who’s answers were evaluated as good and outstanding according to the evaluation rubric and across all three cognitive domains, is almost the double in the control group in comparison to the experiment group, 15% and 7.5% respectively. The study also highlights the importance of balancing AI-powered tools with traditional teaching methods.
A Comparative Analysis for GPA Prediction of Undergraduate Students Using Machine and Deep Learning
Authors:   King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alfadhly Abdullah
Published: February 2024

Recently the research field of machine learning has experienced a huge rise in popularity and growth. Machine Learning (ML) is a way of improving computational prediction models by allowing the computer to generate its own algorithm to predict outcomes, based on an existing dataset. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of Machine Learning to enhance the educational processes. We implemented regression and supervised learning techniques on data from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to construct a predictive model for student performance. This allows for timely interventions in students' academic paths. We utilized extensive and diverse course records, encompassing several academic years and programs, to conduct a comparative analysis of various Machine and Deep Learning methodologies, assessing their efficacy through performance metrics. The developed ML/DL algorithms use Grade Point Averages (GPAs) of courses and semesters as explanatory features to predict the student’s final GPA, which is the target value of the models. Based on the results, the linear and bagging regression models have the best Mean Absolute Error (MAE) performance metric. To ensure there will be enough time for academic intervention, data of early courses and semesters are used.
The use of intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiac surgery
Authors: Alqudah Bashar , Alshobaki Wael , Alghawanmeh Suhaib , Abuamira Hamza , Alhrahsheh Hamzeh A. , Alsharo Sakher A. , Mohd Ashraf F.
Published: February 2024

Background: Objective of the study was to determine the incidence of use, indications, complications of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and its impact on outcome.
Methods: Retrospective study of adult cardiac surgical patients presenting for cardiac surgery at Queen Alia Heart Institute in the period of time between September 2023 and February 2024. Patients’ demographic, clinical, perioperative data were recorded and analysed. Time of initiation of intra-aortic balloon, indications and monitoring for complications were observed by the authors. Patients were divided into two groups according to the use of IABP; the IABP group and the non-IABP group. Both groups were compared regarding outcome. Ethical committee approval obtained.
Results: Data from 202 adult cardiac surgeries was analysed. Average age of patients was 57.2 years. Patients were 34 females (16.8%) and 168 males (83.2%). Most surgeries were elective (93.6%), while urgent surgeries comprised 3.5% and emergency surgeries were 3%. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was the most common procedure (78.2%). The IABP was most commonly used after combined procedures (50%) and to a lesser extent after isolated CABG (15.3%). IABP was inserted least frequently pre-operatively (10.7%), followed by postoperative insertion (35.7%), while intraoperative insertion to aid weaning from CPB was most common (53.6%). Patients from the IABP group were older, had longer CPB time (136.7 minutes) and AXC times (70.5 minutes), they also spent around 2 days more in the ICU and around 4 days more in hospital.
Conclusions: IABP was most commonly utilised for combined procedures, after prolonged CPB and aortic cross clamping. The use of IABP was associated with delayed tracheal extubation, longer ICU stay, longer hospitalisation, and higher rates of blood transfusion, higher incidence of re-opening and higher mortality.
Orthodox Pilgrimage in the Middle East Operations of the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company (1894–1914)
Authors: Baryshnikov Mikhail
Published: February 2024

The role of Russian transport companies in pilgrimage movement, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean, has received relatively little attention of researchers. Meanwhile, the study of Russian shipping business is rewarding for two major reasons. In the first place, anything that will help explain the development of transport operations throws light on one of the most important socio-cultural phenomena: the growth of Orthodox pilgrimage to the Middle East under Alexander II and Alexander III to the position it holds at the beginning of the 20th century. Secondly, the history of shipping companies is significant precisely because of sea transportation of pilgrims to the Holy Land. This paper exploits the history of Russian steam navigation and trading company to estimate the effect of private business on orthodox pilgrimage at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Contrary to common assumptions in the literature, the author shows that private business played an important role in in strengthening socio-cultural and economic ties between Russia and the Middle East. Using archive data for shipping corporation spanning 1894–1914, the article analyzes the changes in the ratio of private (joint-stock company), public (pilgrimage) and state (government officials) interests as the cross-border maritime operations developed. The article's findings demonstrate the existence of a link between socio-cultural priorities, political upheavals and economic hard times as captured by growth or contraction of the pilgrimage movement. Moreover, the author finds evidence that transport operations affected by increasing number of Orthodox pilgrims, leading to a diversification of shipping services. Dataset shows that shipping effectiveness consistently varied between port cities, and that company owners considered these differences when accounting for the number of passengers. These data also indicate that interconnectedness of sea lines, diversification of transport operations and differences in ticket prices and favored the development of pilgrimage movement to the Holy Land.
Oriental Studies in Russia: New Reality, Old Challenges
Authors: Volynskii Andrei
Published: February 2024

The report by Vasily A. Kuznetsov Deputy Director for Research of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Russian Oriental Studies: Challenges and Prospects for Development in the New Reality,” released in the fall of 2023, draws attention to the complex issues facing Russian Oriental Studies in the new geopolitical reality. The “Turn to the East” concept, widely declared at the state level, creates both new growth opportunities and fundamental challenges for Oriental studies. Among the latter, Vasily A. Kusnetsov largely highlights factors related to intra-academic discourse and technological development. The most significant of them are to determine the place of Oriental studies in the modern system of production of scientific knowledge, characterized by a high degree of methodological segmentation of disciplines, and the development of machine translation algorithms, potentially eroding the core of Oriental studies — proficiency in the Oriental language.
We are inclined to agree with the existence of both exogenous factors in the development of academic oriental studies, which, however, are also characteristic of the global context. In this article, we propose to pay attention to the challenges characteristic of the Russian academic and educational context. The growing interest of the state, business environment and the society in Oriental studies is due to the rapid transformation of the geographical structure of Russia’s foreign economic relations, where former familiar partners from Western countries are being replaced by new counterparties, whose star is rising in the East. There is a growing demand for orientalistic expertise and for the skillful personnel speaking Eastern languages. Oriental studies as an academic discourse and as an educational standard bears a heavy burden of responsibility: the problem of inflated expectations. From Oriental studies they are expected to build conceptual bridges between Russia and the East, from Oriental studies-graduates is expected high-quality work in a wide range of branches of foreign economic activity, where the only thing that will connect them with Oriental studies as an academic specialty is knowledge of the Oriental language. The current demand dictates the need to change existing educational programs and the system of reproduction of orientalistic knowledge. However, the ice separating the dark waters of the corrosive properties of the market from the actualization of the existing academic paradigm seems to be thin.
Theodor Herzl’s Political Zionism and Modern Israel. Design and Implementation
Authors: Lokshin Alexander
Published: February 2024

The paper discusses the fundamental ideas of political Zionism. Many of them were presented in the pamphlet “The Jewish State” (1896) and in a fictionalized form in the utopian novel “The Old New Land” (1902). Their author is the Austrian journalist and writer Theodor Herzl (1860–1904). Some facts and events that influenced the formation of Herzl's views are also named; a number of decisions of the first Zionist congresses are analyzed; the role of Russian Zionists in advancing the movement; the attitude of the government and society in Russia and other countries to Zionism; the perception of Zionism in the ruling and intellectual circles of Israel in our time; the correlation of the ideas of political Zionism with modern internal and external foreign policy and realities of the State of Israel. The article attempts to answer the question: to what extent modern Israel meets the ideals of classical Zionism, to what extent its main provisions were implemented in it.
Religious and Political Identity and Activity of the “Shirazist” Movement
Authors: Ashurov Mehrubon D.
Published: February 2024

With the increasing politicization of the Middle East in general and shiites in particular, it is very relevant to study the religious and political features of one of the most influential movements in Shiite Islam — the movement of “Shirazists”. Unfortunately, little attention is paid to this transnational movement in comparison with other Shiite Islamist organizations and movements. This paper examines the origins of this transnational movement, its evolution and features. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the ideology of the “Shirazists” movement. The religious and political identity of this movement was the result of factional conflicts within Shiism, in particular the long-standing rivalry between the religious schools of Najaf and Karbala. The specifics of this movement are determined, as well as its differences and similarities with another transnational Shiite organization — Daava. The article also analyzes the activities of the movement in the Persian Gulf countries and the problems of the relationships between “Shirazists” and official authorities of Iran.
On the Description of Oda Nobunaga’s Conquest of the Takeda Domain in “Shinchō-kō ki”
Authors: Polhov Sviatoslav
Published: February 2024

The paper examines the features of the narrative of the chronicle “Shinchō-kō ki”, one of the most valuable sources on the history of Japan of the Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods, written by Ōta Gyūichi, a vassal of Oda Nobunaga. The characteristic features of the description of Nobunaga's conquest of the Takeda domain, which became an important stage in the political unification of Japan at the end of the 16th century, are analyzed. The author of the chronicle seeks to justify the inevitability of the victory of the Oda army and the defeat of Katsuyori, the head of the Takeda house. Katsuyori appears in the chronicle as an unjust and cruel ruler, who is the antithesis of Oda Nobunaga, who in the work of Ōta Gyūichi is endowed with the qualities of a virtuous Confucian ruler. The fall of the Takeda house is explained in the spirit of Buddhism as retribution for the deaths of people during the wars waged by three generations of the Takeda house (Nobutora, Shingen, Katsuyori). The narrative of Ōta Gyūichi in the corresponding fragments of the chronicle of book XV, which describes the “pacification” of the Takeda domain, becomes more expressive, closer in style to earlier military epics of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. In general, the narrative of the conquest of the Takeda inheritance reflects the intention of Ōta Gyūichi, which permeates other parts of the chronicle, which consists in exalting the military valor and dignity of Nobunaga. At the same time, the author of the chronicle uses both Confucian and Buddhist ideas and concepts. The appendix to the article also contains a commented translation into Russian of an excerpt from book XV, which tells about the conquest of the Takeda domain.
Formation of a New Political System in Dang Ngoai (Northern Vietnam) at the End of the 16th–18th Centuries (Stating the Problem)
Authors: Ryabinin Alexey L.
Published: February 2024

The article examines a specific military and political situation in Daiviet in the 16th century. This situation ultimately led to the separation of powers in Dangngoai (North Vietnam) into secular military and civil power and religiously sacred one in the 17–18th centuries. This was recorded at the end of the 16th century when along with the traditional institutions of the state administration (Six Ministries, Censorate and other regular departments) “the ruler’s headquarters” (phu lieu) were created and began to operate. This work examines the structure of the new authorities and the correlation of new and traditional power institutions. In addition, it is proved that virtually all military and secular and administrative activities in Dangngoai were concentrated in the hands of the military ruler (chua). The military ruler efficiently ran the state through his government (phu lieu) and offices-phien. Regarding the traditional Ministries, Censorate and departments, which were officially subordinated to the emperor (vua, hoangde), the military ruler actually removed them from activities and kept an unfaltering watch on them.
Representations of Time in Texts about Space (Based on the Materials of Vastuvidya Texts in the Puranas)
Authors: Tyulina Elena
Published: February 2024

The Puranas (“Tales of former times”) are a kind of presentation of the “history” of the world. In the Puranas, in comparison with the previous literature, much attention is paid to the idea of time. In these huge works devoted to the history of the creation of the universe and its consistent description, the entire universe is presented as a manifestation of the supreme deity (depending on the direction of the Purana it could be Vishnu or Shiva). The importance of the temporal component is explained by the fact that the supreme god has not only a material, “bodily” manifestation in the form of Purusha (a being from which the universe originated), but also in the form of Kala (kala), i.e., time. Indirectly, the length of time in the Puranas is related to the “length” of the text (the duration of its reading or reproduction), which affects the volume of these works, they include a huge corpus of works, ranging from mythological and ritual texts, ending with treatises on various branches of knowledge. The key to the formal integrity of the Puranas is that all texts, even highly specialized ones, are processed in accordance with some general guidelines. At the same time, a temporary component appears in the presentation of any topic. This has even affected texts such as vastuvidya (texts on construction and architecture), which are devoted to the category of space rather than time, since they set out the principles of organizing and sanctifying the space of any man-made objects and their surroundings. In the Puranas, the past appears in vastuvidya texts. This is a kind of “history” of the origin of the main rituals (for example, the history of the appearance of the vastu-mandala). But the main direction of time is the future. Recommendations about the most preferred sizes, proportions, and layouts are supported by predictions about how this will affect the fate of residents of buildings under construction. For this purpose, the folk tradition of fortune-telling and signs is used. The article shows these and other ways in which the highly specialized text of vastuvidya is transformed into a “puranic” text.
Buryatia: Is a Buddhist Vertical Possible?
Authors: Filatov Sergei B.
Published: February 2024

In the 60s of 18th century, Russian government organized management structure of Buddhist religious life of the Buryats according to the traditional model for the empire — in the form of a vertical institution headed by Pandito Hambo Lama. In this form the Buddhist faith existed until 1917. Soviet government’s struggle with religion affected Buryat Buddhists to the same extent as other religions in the vast USSR. Before the Great Patriotic War, there was no legal Buddhism. In 1948 Buddhism in the USSR was legalized and existed officially only in Buryatia, where the Central Spiritual Administration of Buddhists (CDUB) was created and were registered two parishes. The revival of Buddhism in Buryatia began in 1990. In 1995, Khambo Lama Ayusheyev reformed the CDUB, changed its name to the Traditional Buddhist Sangha of Russia (TBSR) and adopted a new Charter. In accordance with which the Hambo Lama placed datsans under his administrative and financial control, which provided the top of the TBSR with power over the Buddhist clergy. TBSR began to act as a defender of traditional religiosity (within the framework of the local school of Gelug Tibetan Buddhism) and the national identity of the Buryat people. At the same time, several alternative Buddhist associations have emerged, causing a sharp rejection of the TBSR. The leader of the TBSR, Khambo Lama Ayusheev, is constantly in conflict with local secular authorities and alternative Buddhists for the primacy and choice of the path of development of the Buryat people.
Development of Oriental Studies from Athens to Moscow
Authors: Ben Othmane Zine
Published: February 2024

The paper is an overview of existing ideas about Oriental studies and Orientalism in Russian academic fields. Based on the analysis of a wide array of historiography, discussing the views of the previous researchers, the Algerian author shows the problematic nature of defining the subject and nature of the knowledge of Asian and African studies, describes the difference between Western and Russian schools of said field of academic research, identifies the main positive and negative connotations of the concepts of “Oriental studies” and “Orientalism”, determines the historical prerequisites for the formation of two different approaches to the study of the East in Europe and Russia, traces the main stages in the development of Asian and African studies.
Contemporary Ethnolinguistic Situation in Southern Siberia (On the materials of Republican Statistic Offices)
Authors: Anayban anayban@mail.ru
Published: February 2024

The paper focuses on the study of the modern ethno-linguistic situation in the Turkic-speaking regions of Southern Siberia — the Republic of Tyva and the Republic of Khakassia. Based on official statistics, the author examines the state, features, and main trends in the development of language processes in the named regions. The analysis of the empirical material used in the study revealed that linguistic life in Tuva today is characterized by a further increase in the role of the language of the titular nationality — the Tuvan language. The situation, the level and scale of distribution of the Khakass language in Khakassia, despite noticeable positive changes, leaves much to be desired. The main factors of the current situation in these regions include the significant dominance in the total population of representatives of the titular nationality — Tuvans, whose share according to the latest population census has increased noticeably, and the weak representation of the Khakass, the titular ethnic group of residents of Khakassia, where their percentage, as in previous years, is approximately a tenth of the total number of the republic. Among the ethno-linguistic problems in these republics, we will name the generally low level of knowledge of the Russian language by representatives of the titular ethnic group in Tuva and the poor proficiency and insufficient spread of the native language among the Khakass in the Republic of Khakassia. Based on the data of the study, it can be stated that the linguistic picture observed at this stage in these republics is unlikely to change significantly soon. As comparative material to determine the dynamics of development and identify the main components, this work uses the results of the All-Russian population censuses of 2010 and 2020.
Eastern Persia as an Arena of Rivalry and Possible Cooperation between Russia and the United Kingdom in the Late 19th – early 20th Centuries
Authors: Arabadzhyan Zaven A.
Published: February 2024

In the 19th century after the end of the Napoleonic wars, the contradictions between Russia and the United Kingdom gradually increased both in Europe and in Asia. In Asia, the possessions of both empires gradually approached each other. This happened as the territory of British India grew in the direction of the North-West and the territorial formations in Central Asia joined the Russian Empire. It was about a possible large-scale clash between the two powers, the main theater of which was supposed to be Afghanistan. However, according to the existing plans, the eastern part of Persia (Iran) could become the scene of hostilities, and both sides tried to strengthen their positions in this area. In this regard, Russian military and diplomatic representatives in Khorasan (the northeastern province of Persia) and Central Asia reported on the extraordinary activity of the British in this part of the country, directed against Russian interests. The government was asked to take measures to counter the British expansion, but these calls did not receive support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire. At the same time, Russia had plans to build a railway line to Persian ports in the Persian and Oman Gulfs. Several routes were worked out along which the road could be laid. This would make it possible to take control of a significant part of the trade between Europe and India. The construction of such a route would undermine the monopoly of Great Britain, which owned the Suez Canal, to control the trade of Europe and India, and depreciate the German plan to create a Berlin-Istanbul-Baghdad railway.
Review of: Tsybenov B. D. Sociopolitical History of the Daurs (20th century). Ulan-Ude: BNTs SO RAS, 2022
Authors: Kuzmin Sergius
Published: February 2024

This review examines the monograph of historian and ethnographer B. D. Tsybenov “Sociopolitical History of the Daurs (20th Century)”, published in 2022. This book represents a detailed analysis of historiography and sources on the issue under consideration, the place of the Daurs in the transnational history of the Mongolian world in the first third of the 20th Century, the life of the Daurs in the State of Manchuria (Manchukuo), prerequisites for the creation, formation and development of national autonomies of the Daurs.
Changes in Israeli Migration Policy: Causes and Stages
Authors: Semenchenko Nina
Published: February 2024

Migration policy has always been one of the State of Israel’s main activities. In the first years of its existence Israel undertook the “melting pot” concept in the migration matters. However, people coming from the East in the late 1940s – early 1950s had difficulties in getting adapted to their new homeland. By the 1970s it became clear that The Melting Pot concept failed and should be changed. Finally, it gave way to the multiculturalism ideology. The mass immigration from the USSR/CIS to Israel, which took place in the 1990s, led to changes not only in the original concept of the “melting pot”, but also in the whole immigration policy and, above all, in absorption programs. The author seeks to analyze the causes and stages of those changes. The author also gives heed to the fact that along with immigration, from the very first years after the creation of the state, there was an emigration process. Over the years of Israel’s existence, the position of the Israeli officials on this issue has also changed radically.
Israel’s 75th Anniversary in the Mirror of Foreign Policy: An Approach to Periodization
Authors: Iakimova Elizaveta
Published: February 2024

The paper focuses on specifics of Israel’s foreign policy periodization since the foundation of the state in May 1948 till the beginning of 2023, characterized by the return to power of Benjamin Netanyahu — the chairman of the Likud party. The author analyzes existing approaches to identifying stages in the history of Israel's relations with foreign countries, and also studies the degree of mutual dependence between the domestic and foreign policies of the Israeli leadership in 75 years. The research is based on the concept, suggested by the professor of international politics at the City University of London Amnon Aran, based not on the chronological, but on the problematic principle of periodization. By 2013, when this specialist completed his analysis, he identified three stages of Israeli foreign policy: Etatist, ethno-national and globalist. The turning points for the first two stages were 1973 and 1985. The nomination of the third stage is driven mostly by the peculiarities of Israeli economic development, which influenced decisions regarding the Middle East peace process and the growing interest of the state in expanding its presence in Asia. The paper also examines the evolution of the Israeli leadership’s understanding of the term “mamlakhtiyut” (statehood), the specifics of the “domestication” of Israeli foreign policy in comparison with the experiences of European and Middle Eastern states, as well as the influence of NGOs on the use of military force as a foreign policy instrument. Finally, author’s interpretation of the current period is proposed. It is marked by a high degree of personification of foreign policy. The increased importance of the establishment of friendly personal contacts with foreign leaders by Israeli prime ministers in recent years was caused by the task of strengthening popularity among the electorate in the context of a series of early elections to the Knesset. In addition, the formulation of the country's course in the international arena was significantly influenced by the ministers of foreign affairs, their previous experience and views on the distribution of powers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with related departments.
The Problem of Greek Influence on Egyptian Pottery during 1st Millennium BCE
Authors: Yarmolovich Victoria
Published: February 2024

The paper is devoted to the issue of Greek impact on ancient Egyptian pottery during the Late period (7th–4th c. BCE). According to evidence of various historical sources at that period a lot of Greeks lived in many Egyptian cities. They maintained a customary way of life. Moreover a lot of Greek pottery (amphorae, various black glazed pottery, and etc.) was imported to Egypt due to extensive trade with various Greek colonies. Cultural and political contacts were maintained as well. As a result of this active interaction with Greek civilization there was cross-cultural exchange between Egyptians and Greeks. Potters could try to meet the needs of Greeks, adapting new shapes of vessels which were unusual for Egyptians. Egyptians could also be interested in the vessels which imitated Greek shapes.
The Coveted Hated Friend: Israel as the Method and Goal of Christian Zionism in the United States
Authors: Novikova Anne
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the influence of American Christian Zionism as a religious-political movement on changes in US-Israeli relations. Christian Zionism is a widespread theological theory in evangelical Protestant Christian circles, which forms the main base of support for Republican politicians in the United States and demonstrates unquestioning support for Israel. Nevertheless, the reasons for this support have a certain direction, finding supporters among ideologues of desecularization, religious extremists and anti-Semites, especially through the words of prominent pastors and leaders of the Christian Zionism movement in the United States. The paper will analyze its potential negative consequences for Israel in the transformation of US-Israeli relations under the influence of Christian Zionism.
Contemporary Israel: Peculiarities And Problems of Jewish Immigration
Authors: Masyukova Irina
Published: February 2024

The paper deals with the peculiarities of Jewish immigration of the latest period — the increase of Non-Halakha Jews under the conditions of intensity of extremely right-wing and ultraorthodox tendencies in Israel. The author analyses the problems of Non-Halakha Jews and difficulties of their solutions (conversion to Judaism, secular marriage). The growth of confrontation between secular and religious Israel is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the demands of ultraorthodoxes to reform the Law of Return (to ban the immigration of grandchildren etc.). The author notes the peculiarities of immigration policy of the government in connection with the Ukrainian conflict. The reaction of Israeli society with regard to new “wave” of Jewish immigration in 2022–2023 is emphasized. Finally, it is concluded that under the pressure of extremely right-wing and ultraorthodoxes, there the deterioration of the internal political situation in the country and the restriction of Jewish immigration is to be expected.
Animal Morality: Jerzy Chmurzyński and the Cognitive Ethology View
Authors: Perz Tomasz
Published: February 2024

W niniejszym artykule omawiam poglądy polskiego entomologa, filozofa i „ojca polskiej etologii” Jerzego Andrzeja Chmurzyńskiego na temat „moralności” zwierząt. Następnie porównuję jego stanowisko z poglądami badaczy etologii poznawczej, Marca Bekoffa i Fransa de Waala. Chmurzyński rozważa obecność podstawowych wartości etycznych, takich jak dobro i zło, w zachowaniach zwierząt. Następnie formułuje pojęcie wartości biologicznych, obejmujących homeostazę, maksymalizację dostosowania i dobrostan. Dobrem dla zwierzęcia jest osiąganie tych wartości, a złem jest ich brak. Wartości biologiczne nie są przez zwierzęta rozpoznawane świadomie, ale są sprawnie osiągane, za co są odpowiedzialne mechanizmy odruchowo-bezwarunkowe oparte na motywacji. Istnieją także zachowania zwierząt, które mogą budzić podziw, jednak brak możliwości zrozumienia abstrakcyjnych pojęć dobra i zła oraz dokonywania wolnego wyboru powodują, że zwierząt nie można uznać za istoty moralne. Chmurzyński wprowadza więc pojęcie zachowań moralnopodobnych. Niektórzy badacze z kręgu etologii kognitywnej formułują jednak odmienne wnioski. Bekoff modyfikuje pojęcie moralności, utożsamiając moralność z zachowaniami prospołecznymi. De Waal uważa, że zachowania małp człekokształtnych stanowią źródło ludzkiej moralności i zarazem jej niższy poziom. Poglądy przyznające zwierzętom status moralny zdają się mieć nie tylko cel poznawczy, ale również normatywny. Przyznanie zwierzętom statusu moralnego oznacza przyznanie im określonych praw. Oznacza to również zapewnienie im większej ochrony, niż miałoby to miejsce w przeciwnym wypadku. Moim zdaniem taki sposób formułowania moralności zwierząt, jak przedstawiają to etolodzy poznawczy, raczej utrudnia próby zrozumienia zachowań zwierząt w kontekście etyki. Koncepcja Jerzego Chmurzyńskiego dotycząca pojęcia zjawisk przypominających moralność lepiej ukazuje specyfikę zwierzęcych zachowań.
Beyond borders: Understanding the inclusion challenges and motivators of foreign employees: Suggestions for sustainable human resources practices
Authors: Švejdarová Eva
Published: February 2024

This study critically examines the multifaceted dynamics of foreign employee integration within the Czech Republic, with a specific focus on the Mladá Boleslav region. Conducted prior to the Ukrainian crisis, this research serves as a crucial baseline for understanding integration in a pre-crisis context and provides comparative insights into the evolving challenges and opportunities amid the subsequent migration movements. The study explores various aspects of integration and inclusion, drawing upon migration theories, economic factors, and sociological perspectives to understand the motivators and challenges faced by foreigners, particularly in light of the majority society’s perception, which often leans towards skepticism and negativity. The research methodology builds on grounded theory and integrates both quantitative and qualitative approaches, utilizing surveys and semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of foreign nationals, with an emphasis on immigrant women. A key finding of the study is the significant role of employers in facilitating integration. The paper discusses how businesses, through inclusive policies and practices, can profoundly influence the integration experience. Cooperation between employers, local integration centers, and other relevant organizations emerges as vital, providing additional resources and support systems to enhance the integration process. The study concludes by emphasizing the critical role of various stakeholders, particularly employers, in shaping sustainable human resources practices that foster a more inclusive and harmonious society.
Рекреация и спорт как объект социального менеджмента
Authors: Идигова Л.М. , Висаитова Х.А.
Published: February 2024

В статье авторами исследуются различные аспекты применения методов социального менеджмента в решении актуальных задач физической культуры, рекреации и спорта. На основе анализа статистической информации и результатов социологических исследований выявлена специфика функционирования физкультурно-спортивной отрасли посредством реализации государственных программ и возможностей программного управления в субъектах Российской Федерации. Авторами в статье раскрыты определения понятий рекреация, физическая рекреация, фитнес, а также показано использование фитнес методов в физической рекреации. Были представлены основные виды фитнеса, которые способствуют физической рекреации, лечению и оздоровлению. Проведены исследования посредством метода опроса отдельных групп населения и выявлены основные мнения по использованию фитнеса в физической рекреации. Кроме того, проведѐнный опрос позволил выявить наиболее популярные направления фитнес индустрии среди молодѐжи в России, к которым относятся: Силовой фитнес (силовой фитнес может включать в себя бодибилдинг, пауэрлифтинг, кроссфит и т.п.), различные виды аэробики, гимнастика, подвижные игры (футбол, волейбол, баскетбол), а также плавание. Раскрыта тематика глубокой взаимосвязи между фитнесом и физической рекреации человека. На примере Чеченской Республики рассмотрены результаты менеджмента по развитию физической культур, рекреации и спорта среди населения, предложены научно-практические рекомендации и направления государственной поддержки привлечения населения к систематическим занятиям физической культурой и спортом как средства укрепления здоровья.
Признаки усталости и утомления, их причины и профилактика
Authors: Кунилова К.В. , Хабибуллин А.Б.
Published: February 2024

В данной научной статье рассматриваются признаки усталости и утомления, их медицинские и психологические причины, а также методы и средства профилактики для поддержания физического и психического здоровья. Авторы освещают важность проблемы усталости в современном обществе и предлагают практические рекомендации для ее управления.
Поддержание физической формы без занятий спортом
Authors: Николаева М.Д. , Никифоров В.И.
Published: February 2024

Статья содержит в себе методы и принципы поддержания собственного тела в хорошей физической форме, при этом не заставляя себя заниматься спортом. Методы, содержащиеся в статье подходят для всех медицинских групп.
Физическая культура в общекультурной и профессиональной подготовке студентов
Authors: Пимкина В.А. , Проскурина Е.Ф.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению специфики физической культуры и определению ее места в общекультурной и профессиональной подготовке студентов. Автором в ходе исследования были приведены преимущества и недостатки внедрения физической культуры в образовательный процесс. Исследование этой темы необходимо как для педагогов, так и для образовательных учреждений в целом, с целью эффективного объединения учебного плана и физической культуры.
Актуальные проблемы адаптивной физической культуры
Authors: Проскурина Е.Ф. , Лунѐва П.О.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья посвящена анализу и перспективам развития адаптивной физической культуры (АФК) и инвалидного спорта в Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены актуальные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются специалисты в области АФК. Выделены направления для улучшения ситуации. Подчеркивается использование современных технологий и средств массовой информации для привлечения внимания к программам АФК и инвалидному спорту. Предложены решения проблем, связанных с данной темой.