bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery from impaired working memory performance during chronic Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration to adolescent rhesus monkeys
Authors: Verrico Christopher D , Mathai David S , Gu Hong , Sampson Allan R , Lewis David A
Published: October 2019

Background:

The relationship between adolescent cannabis use and susceptibility to persistent cognitive impairments is poorly understood.

Aims:

We examined the effects of repeated exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on reinforcement-related learning and performance of spatial working memory (WM) tasks of varying difficulty in adolescent monkeys.

Methods:

Seven pairs of male adolescent rhesus monkeys, matched for baseline cognitive performance, received vehicle or THC intravenously 5 days/week for 12 months. Performance on 4-item spatial WM trials was assessed throughout the 12-month study period. At the 6-month time point, more difficult novel and distractor 8-item spatial WM trials were added. Residual effects on performance were determined 23 or 71 h after THC or vehicle administration throughout the study.

Results/outcomes:

Relative to vehicle-exposed animals, repeated THC exposure was initially associated with significantly slower improvement in performance accuracy on 4-item spatial WM trials; however, this performance difference gradually diminished such that by month 12, accuracy did not significantly differ between vehicle and THC groups. Similarly, for the novel and distractor 8-item trials introduced at month 6, performance accuracy improved more slowly in the THC than in the vehicle group, despite comparable performance between groups on the 4-item task during this same period.

Conclusions/interpretation:

These findings suggest that compared to vehicle exposure, THC exposure during adolescence impairs the reinforcement-related learning process required for improved performance on spatial WM tasks, but this impairment might be overcome with continued training, even in the face of ongoing THC exposure.
X-ray fluorescence sorting of non-ferrous metal fractions from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash processing depending on particle surface properties
Authors: Pfandl Kerstin , Küppers Bastian , Scheiber Stefanie , Stockinger Gerhard , Holzer Johannes , Pomberger Roland , Antrekowitsch Helmut , Vollprecht Daniel
Published: October 2019

A heavy non-ferrous metal fraction (< 50 mm) of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes from wet-mechanical treatment was separated by screening, magnetic separation and eddy-current separation into ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and residual sub-fractions. The non-ferrous metal fractions were divided and subjected to (i) a washing process, (ii) dry abrasion and (iii) no mechanical pre-treatment to study the effect of resulting different surface properties on a subsequent X-ray fluorescence sorting into precious metals, zinc, copper, brass, stainless steel and a residual fraction. The qualities of the X-ray fluorescence output fractions were investigated by chemical analyses (precious metal fraction and the residual fraction), pyrometallurgical tests and subsequent chemical analyses of the metals and slags produced by the melting processes (zinc, copper, brass and stainless steel fraction). Screening directs brass and stainless steel primarily into the coarser fractions, while copper and residual elements were rather transferred into the finer fractions. X-ray fluorescence sorting yielded zinc, copper, brass, stainless steel and precious metals fractions in marketable qualities. Neither a negative nor a positive impact of mechanical pre-treatment on the composition of these fractions was identified. Solely the yield of the brass fraction in the grain size 16–20 mm decreased with increasing mechanical pre-treatment. The pre-treatment also had no impact on yield and quality of the products of pyrometallurgical tests.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Victimization, and Overlap Among Serious Juvenile Offenders: Trajectories of Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Richards Tara N. , Gillespie Lane Kirkland
Published: October 2019

This study uses group-based trajectory analysis and data from the Pathways to Desistance Study to examine the prevalence and patterns of intimate partner victimization, offending, and overlap among justice-involved adolescents (i.e., general offenders) who reported dating ( n = 909); regression analysis was further utilized to assess predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) group membership. Findings revealed that 40% of adjudicated youth reported IPV as a victim, an offender, or as both a victim and an offender during emerging adulthood. Findings also indicated that there was significant overlap between victimization and offending, and 5% of the sample was assigned to both the high-rate perpetration and victimization trajectory groups. Maternal hostility, alcohol use, and witnessing violence predicted higher rate perpetration and victimization overlap group membership compared with very-low-rate perpetration/victimization group membership. Implications for informing policy and future research are discussed.
Perceived Barriers to Follow AHA Dietary Recommendations in Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Authors: Bagherzadeh Chaharjoui Atoosa , Mahdavi Reza , Nikniaz Zeinab
Published: October 2019

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification including dietary changes is the first step for the treatment. Low adherence to dietary recommendations has reported earlier. This study purposed to identify barriers to the American Heart Association dietary recommendations in hypercholesterolemic patients. A 30-item structured questionnaire was designed and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated. The exploratory factor analysis was performed on 160 hypercholesterolemic patients and extracted seven interpretable underlying factors of diet non-adherence (52.35% of total variance). These factors included “situational barriers and gathering,” “takeaways and eating out,” “psychological factors,” “false beliefs and food habits,” “lack of motivation,” “enjoy eating and difficulty resisting the temptation” and “satisfaction with previous food habits”. From the practical point of view, considering these perceived barriers, patient’s culture, traditions, and dietary preferences can be beneficial in improving dietary adherence among hypercholesterolemic patients.
Post-fire damage assessment and capacity based modeling of concrete exposed to elevated temperature
Authors: Thanaraj Daniel Paul , Anand N , Prince Arulraj G , Zalok Ehab
Published: October 2019

Fire represents one of the significant hazards encountered by civil infrastructures, and thus providing appropriate fire safety measures is a major requirement in a building design for ensuring the safety of the occupants. Minimizing fire-induced damage and collapse of structural systems are the primary objectives in the design of concrete structures. An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the mechanical properties such as compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of concrete exposed to elevated temperature following standard fire curve as per ISO 834. Capacity-based standards have been formulated to predict the residual strength of various grades of concrete exposed to various duration of heating. Stress strain behaviour, elastic modulus, weight loss, spalling and thermal crack pattern of specimens were also investigated. Water–cement ratio and porosity of concrete were found to be the critical factors for strength loss of concrete. A relationship is established between weight loss and strength loss of concrete. Higher grades of concrete were found to have more weight and strength loss than those of lower grades.
Neurological Disease Modelling for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Using Zebrafish
Authors: Namikawa Kazuhiko , Dorigo Alessandro , Köster Reinhard W
Published: October 2019

The cerebellum integrates sensory information and motor actions. Increasing experimental evidence has revealed that these functions as well as the cerebellar cytoarchitecture are highly conserved in zebrafish compared with mammals. However, the potential of zebrafish for modelling human cerebellar diseases remains to be addressed. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) represent a group of genetically inherited cerebellar diseases leading to motor discoordination that is most often caused by affected cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). Towards modelling SCAs in zebrafish we identified a small-sized PC-specific regulatory element that was used to develop coexpression vectors with tunable expression strength. These vectors allow for in vivo imaging of SCA-affected PCs by high-resolution fluorescence imaging. Next, zebrafish with SCA type 13 (SCA13) transgene expression were established, revealing that SCA13-induced cell-autonomous PC degeneration results in eye movement deficits. Thus, SCA13 zebrafish mimic the neuropathology of an SCA-affected brain as well as the involved loss of motor control and hence provide a powerful approach to unravel SCA13-induced cell biological pathogenic and cytotoxic mechanisms.
Managing divided loyalties in the emerging profession of community engagement
Authors: Christensen Helen E
Published: October 2019

Community engagement practitioners design, deliver, report and evaluate processes which invite the community to influence decision-making. It is a unique role, with practitioners serving two masters: the organisations that employ or contract them and the communities whose views they are engaged to elicit. In balancing these interests, practitioners experience a number of tensions in their work, and employ a variety of methods to address them. This article draws on a series of 20 semi-structured interviews with senior practitioners and finds that these tensions mainly relate to: the need to serve both the community and the engagement sponsor, their position in either the public sector or as a private consultants to the public sector, and the constraints and behaviours of public institutions. They way in which they manage these is relatively ad hoc, although it is often informed by principles and position.
Oncology health-care professionals’ perceived effects of patient accessible electronic health records 6 years after launch: A survey study at a major university hospital in Sweden
Authors: Moll Jonas , Cajander Åsa
Published: October 2019

Patient accessible electronic health records have been launched in many countries, and generally, health-care professionals have had strong initial concerns related to the areas patient contact, documentation practices and quality of care. Especially, oncology care was discussed in media when launching patient accessible electronic health records in Sweden. However, few studies have investigated clinician-perceived effects several years after the launch. A survey covering these areas, as well as supposed effects for patients, was distributed to oncology health-care professionals 6 years after the launch of patient accessible electronic health records and answered by N = 176. Results show that patient accessible electronic health records have had small effects within the covered areas, and that the area most affected was documentation practices. Very few significant differences could be found between physicians and nurses. A comparison with results from interviews and surveys conducted shortly after the launch of patient accessible electronic health records clearly indicates that the experienced negative effects are not as big as originally feared.
Mechanical degradation model of porous magnesium scaffolds under dynamic immersion
Authors: Basri Hasan , Prakoso Akbar Teguh , Sulong Mohd Ayub , Md Saad Amir Putra , Ramlee Muhammad Hanif , Agustin Wahjuningrum Dian , Sipaun Susan , Öchsner Andreas , Syahrom Ardiyansyah
Published: October 2019

A new generation of bone scaffolds incorporates features like biodegradability and biocompatibility. A combination of these attributes will result in having a temporary bone scaffold for tissue regeneration that mimics the natural cancellous bone. Under normal conditions, scaffolds will be gradually eroded. This surface erosion occurs due to the immersion and the movement of bone marrow. Surface erosion on bone scaffolds leads to changes of the morphology. The mechanical response of the scaffolds due to the surface erosion is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of the dynamic immersion condition on the degradation behaviour and mechanical properties of porous magnesium. In the present work, load-bearing biomaterial scaffolds made of pure magnesium are immersed in simulated body fluids (SBF) with a certain flow rate. Samples with different porosities are subjected to tomography and are used to develop virtual 3D models. By means of numerical simulations, the mechanical properties, for instance, elastic modulus, plateau stress, 0.2% offset yield stress and energy absorption of these degraded samples are collected. The findings are then validated with the values obtained from the experimental tests. Finite element method enables the study on the failure mechanism within the biomaterial scaffolds. The knowledge of how weak walls or thin struts collapsed under compressive loading is essential for future biomaterial scaffolds development. Results from the experimental tests are found in sound good agreement with the numerical simulations.
Singapore’s national discourse on foreign domestic workers: Exploring perceptions of the margins
Authors: Kaur-Gill Satveer , Pandi Asha Rathina , Dutta Mohan Jyoti
Published: October 2019

Foreign domestic workers from industrializing economies migrate to Singapore to feed its labor market, meeting the growing need for performing feminized labor. Although foreign domestic workers have been an integral part of Singaporean households since the 1970s, the presence of foreign domestic workers in contemporary public discourse remains eclipsed. However, the civil society landscape has witnessed increasing articulations and mobilization of civil society actors on the rights of foreign domestic workers, framing the problems experienced by foreign domestic workers in the language of rights. Given the role of mainstream media as a developmental structure in carrying out the information dissemination function of the state in predominantly economic terms that serve the pragmatic ideology of the state, how are foreign domestic workers constructed in mainstream media discourse? What do we learn from these constructions about the interplays of feminized labor, media discourse, civil society, and the state? The article examines the kinds of media frames present in the discussion and portrayal of foreign domestic workers using a mixed-methods approach.
The Value of Groupwork Knowledge and Skills in Focus Group Research: A Focus Group Approach With Marginalized Teens Regarding Access to Third-Level Education
Authors: Jenkinson Hilary , Leahy Pat , Scanlon Margaret , Powell Fred , Byrne Olive
Published: October 2019

This article explores the value of applying groupwork expertise and skills in conducting focus group research. It identifies and provides an analysis of comparisons between the arenas of focus group moderation and social groupwork facilitation drawing from literature from both fields. In addition, the article discusses key skills needed by focus group moderators highlighting how these are also foundational social groupwork competencies. The article draws from the authors’ experiences of designing and facilitating focus groups with teenagers as part of a 2-year research study examining the perceptions and experiences of young people from marginalized communities in relation to accessing third-level education. In light of this analysis, the authors assert that some developments in focus group research methodology have resulted in a greater degree of alignment between these two spheres and that focus group moderation is enhanced and rendered increasingly effective when groupwork skills, knowledge, and insights are employed.
Numerical and experimental studies on wrinkling control methods of sheet metal part with high curvature and large flange in rubber forming
Authors: Chen Lei , Bai Ying , Jiang Zhengyi , Chen Huiqin , Wu Can , Wang Qiaoyi
Published: October 2019

Wrinkling is one of the main failure modes in sheet metal forming process and may lead to assembly problems of the parts. Control of wrinkling is difficult due to the complex deformation behavior of the sheet metal. A finite element model for side blankholder method to control wrinkling was established and used for the simulation. Trials and simulations were conducted to analyze the parameters of wrinkling characteristics. Results show that with the increase in the angle of the side blankholder, the resistance force of the side blankholder decreases. The blank length on the side blankholder should be small enough. The fillet radius of the side blankholder should be large enough to reduce the deformation. The bottom gap between the die and the side blankholder cannot be too large because the support of the blank will decrease in the forming process. In order to verify the simulation results, three blank lengths (20, 15, and 5 mm) over the side blankholder were used in the experiment. The results of the comparison tests testify the reliability of the simulation. The optimal parameter of the blank length is 5 mm. A new clamp method was designed for wrinkling control to overcome the shortcomings of the side blankholder method. The precision of the part met the requirement using soft rubber and two layers of rubber plates.
Optimization of Dialysis Modality Transitions for Improved Patient Care
Authors: Imbeault Benoit , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review:

Initial and subsequent modality decisions are important, impacting both clinical outcomes and quality of life. Transition from chronic kidney disease to dialysis and between dialysis modalities are periods were patients may be especially vulnerable. Reviewing our current knowledge surrounding these critical periods and identifying areas for future research may allow us to develop dialysis strategies beneficial to patients.

Sources of information:

We searched the electronic database PubMed and queried Google Scholar for English peer-reviewed articles using appropriate keywords (non-exhaustive list): dialysis transitions, peritoneal dialysis, home hemodialysis, integrated care pathway, and health-related quality of life. Primary sources were accessed whenever possible.

Methods:

In this narrative review, we aim to expose the controversies surrounding home-dialysis first strategies and examine the evidence underpinning home-dialysis first strategies as well as home-to-home and home-to-in-center transitions.

Key findings:

Diverse factors must be taken into consideration when choosing initial and subsequent dialysis modalities. Given the limitations of available data (and lack of convincing benefit or detriment of one modality over the other), patient-centered considerations may prime over suspected mortality benefits of one modality or another.

Limitations:

Available data stem almost exclusively from retrospective and observational studies, often using large national and international databases, susceptible to bias. Furthermore, this is a narrative review which takes into account the views and opinions of the authors, especially as it pertains to optimal dialysis pathways.

Implications:

Emphasis must be placed on individual patient goals and preferences during modality selection while planning ahead to achieve timely and appropriate transitions limiting discomfort and anxiety for patients. Further research is required to ascertain specific interventions which may be beneficial to patients.
Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of the Spine in Children: A Review of 18 Cases
Authors: Sayago Luis R. , Remondino Rodrigo G. , Tello Carlos A. , Piantoni Lucas , Francheri Wilson Ida A. , Galaretto Eduardo , Nöel Mariano A.
Published: October 2019

Study Design:

Retrospective study.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, treatments, outcome, complications, and recurrence rate in the surgical and nonsurgical management of spinal aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in a series of 18 pediatric patients.

Methods:

Between 1988 and 2014, we evaluated 18 pediatric patients diagnosed with ABC confirmed by pathology studies. We analyzed clinical and radiological features, non-surgical and surgical treatment, outcome, and complications.

Results:

The series included 12 male and 6 female patients with a mean age of 10 years and 4 months, with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Location of the ABC was lumbar in 8, cervical in 7, thoracic in 2, and sacral in 1 case. Axial pain was the most common symptom followed by radicular involvement. Surgery was performed in the presence of spine instability or neurological involvement (tumor resection) and in the remaining, nonsurgical treatment (percutaneous intralesional injection of methylprednisolone and calcitonin). Recurrence was observed in 4 patients requiring reintervention. There were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusion:

In patients without neurological involvement or spinal instability, nonsurgical treatment is the treatment of choice. Total or subtotal removal combined with posterior instrumented spinal fusion is recommended in cases with a neurological deficit. Both procedures have shown good long-term results.
Shoulder Arthroplasty for Posttraumatic Arthritis Is Associated With Increased Transfusions and Longer Operative Times
Authors: Luthringer Tyler A , Kester Benjamin S , Kolade Oluwadamilola , Virk Mandeep S , Alaia Michael J , Campbell Kirk A
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) is a common sequela of proximal humerus fractures that is commonly managed with anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). TSA for PTA is more challenging than that performed for primary osteoarthritis and frequently leads to worse patient outcomes. CPT uniformly classifies all cases of primary TSA, irrespective of procedural complexity and resource utilization. This study analyzes intraoperative differences and 30-day outcomes for anatomic and reverse TSA performed in the posttraumatic shoulder.

Methods:

Patients undergoing TSA from 2008 to 2015 were selected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and stratified according to concurrent procedures and administrative codes indicating posttraumatic diagnoses. Perioperative parameters and 30-day complications were recorded; multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether PTA was a risk factor for poor outcomes.

Results:

A total of 8508 primary and 243 posttraumatic TSAs were identified. Posttraumatic TSA patients were slightly younger ( P = .003), more likely to be female ( P < .001), smokers ( P = .029), and diabetic ( P =  .003). Diagnosis of PTA was an independent risk factor for prolonged operative times ≥160 minutes (≥1 standard deviation above the mean, P =  .003; odds ratio [OR]: 1.718; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.204–2.449) and increased bleeding requiring transfusion ( P <  .001; OR: 2.719; 95% CI: 1.607–4.600). Although posttraumatic TSA had a tendency for longer hospital admissions, 30-day readmissions were not significantly different between cohorts.

Conclusions:

Compared with primary osteoarthritis, a preoperative diagnosis of PTA is an independent risk factor for prolonged operative times and postoperative transfusion in anatomic or reverse TSA patients; such patients may be less than optimal candidates for same-day discharges or outpatient shoulder arthroplasty.
Fulgence Raymond (1844–1910), regrettably forgotten successor of Jean-Martin Charcot
Authors: Walusinski Olivier
Published: October 2019

Fulgence Raymond (1844–1910) succeeded Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) to the Chair of Nervous System Diseases. As famous as Charcot remains, Raymond has been forgotten. After a brief biographical account, we will present a few examples of his work still relevant today: hemichorea, Raymond-Cestan syndrome, hereditary spastic paraplegia and acute ascendant paralysis. In each case, his accurate clinical and anatomopathological descriptions are accompanied by aetiological hypotheses that are remarkably prescient with regard to current knowledge. Strongly committed to teaching, he published most of his lessons every year. They remain highly relevant historically, and sometimes for other reasons, as we shall see. We hope to show that Raymond does not deserve to be forgotten.
Multiple physiological response analyses aid the understanding of sensitivity variation between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella sp. under paraquat exposures
Authors: Bai Fang , Jia Yunlu , Yang Cuiping , Li Tianli , Wu Zhongxing , Liu Jin , Song Lirong
Published: October 2019

Background

Sensitivity differences to chemical pollutants in different phytoplankton species may potentially shape the community structure of phytoplankton. However, detailed information supporting the understanding of sensitivity variations between phytoplankton species is still limited.

Results

To investigate sensitivity differences between the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, and the green alga Chlorella sp. to paraquat, multiple physiological parameters were measured and compared through acute and chronic toxicity assays. Early photosynthetic responses during acute toxicity assays showed that paraquat affects Photosynthesis System II energy fluxes in M. aeruginosa within 3 h of exposure, but not in Chlorella sp. After 5 h of cumulative exposure, an EC50 based on the maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry of 0.54 mg L−1 was achieved and remained more or less constant, while the EC50 values for Chlorella fluctuated around 44.76 ± 3.13 mg L−1 after 24 h of exposure. During chronic 96 h exposure to paraquat, differences in antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and ultrastructure were observed in both M. aeruginosa and Chlorella sp. An increase in the intracellular levels of ROS and the number of plasma membrane damaged cells was observed in M. aeruginosa in the 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L−1 treatments (p < 0.01), but not for Chlorella. In addition, at an exposure level of 1.0 mg L−1, extensive disruption of cell structure was observed in M. aeruginosa. Conversely, little disarrangement of organelle structure was found in Chlorella sp.

Conclusion

These results confirm that paraquat is more toxic to M. aeruginosa than to Chlorella sp. The sensitivity differences between these two species (one a prokaryote and the other a eukaryote) to paraquat might be partially explained by the differences in cell structure (cell wall and photosynthetic structure), the enzymatic antioxidant system, and the physiological vulnerability. The multiple physiological endpoint analysis approach used in the current study provides more detailed information for understanding the mechanisms of sensitivity variation between these phytoplankton species.
Retraction Note: Temporal activation of anti- and pro-apoptotic factors in human gingival fibroblasts infected with the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis: potential role of bacterial proteases in host signalling
Authors: Urnowey Sonya , Ansai Toshihiro , Bitko Vira , Nakayama Koji , Takehara Tadamichi , Barik Sailen
Published: October 2019

The Editor has retracted this article [1] following an investigation by the University of South Alabama which found:
Mapping of resistance to corn borers in a MAGIC population of maize
Authors: Jiménez-Galindo José Cruz , Malvar Rosa Ana , Butrón Ana , Santiago Rogelio , Samayoa Luis Fernando , Caicedo Marlon , Ordás Bernardo
Published: October 2019

Background

Corn borers constitute an important pest of maize around the world; in particularSesamia nonagrioidesLefèbvre, named Mediterranean corn borer (MCB), causes important losses in Southern Europe. Methods of selection can be combined with transgenic approaches to increase the efficiency and durability of the resistance to corn borers. Previous studies of the genetic factors involved in resistance to MCB have been carried out using bi-parental populations that have low resolution or using association inbred panels that have a low power to detect rare alleles. We developed a Multi-parent Advanced Generation InterCrosses (MAGIC) population to map with high resolution the genetic determinants of resistance to MCB.

Results

We detected multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of low effect associated with resistance to stalk tunneling by MCB. We dissected a wide region related to stalk tunneling in multiple studies into three smaller regions (at ~ 150, ~ 155, and ~ 165 Mb in chromosome 6) that closely overlap with regions associated with cell wall composition. We also detected regions associated with kernel resistance and agronomic traits, although the co-localization of significant regions between traits was very low. This indicates that it is possible the concurrent improvement of resistance and agronomic traits.

Conclusions

We developed a mapping population which allowed a finer dissection of the genetics of maize resistance to corn borers and a solid nomination of candidate genes based on functional information. The population, given its large variability, was also adequate to map multiple traits and study the relationship between them.
Musculoskeletal pain and new-onset poor physical function in elderly survivors of a natural disaster: a longitudinal study after the great East Japan earthquake
Authors: Yabe Yutaka , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Itaya Nobuyuki , Yoshida Shinichirou , Sogi Yasuhito , Yano Toshihisa , Onoki Takahiro , Tsuji Ichiro , Itoi Eiji
Published: October 2019

Background

Functional disability is a significant problem after natural disasters. Musculoskeletal pain is reported to increase after disasters, which can cause functional disability among survivors. However, the effects of musculoskeletal pain on functional decline after natural disasters are unclear. The present study aimed to examine the association between musculoskeletal pain and new-onset poor physical function among elderly survivors after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted on survivors aged ≥65 years at three and 4 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. A total of 747 persons were included in this study. Physical function was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. New-onset poor physical function was defined as low physical function not present at 3 years but present at 4 years after the disaster. Knee, hand or foot, low back, shoulder, and neck pain was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire and was defined as musculoskeletal pain. Musculoskeletal pain at 3 years after the disaster was categorized according to the number of pain regions (0, 1, ≥ 2). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for new-onset poor physical function due to musculoskeletal pain.

Results

The incidence of new-onset poor physical function was 14.9%. New-onset poor physical function was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Compared with “0” musculoskeletal pain region, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.39 (0.75–2.58) and 2.69 (1.52–4.77) in “1” and “≥ 2” musculoskeletal pain regions, respectively (p for trend = 0.003).

Conclusions

Musculoskeletal pain is associated with new-onset poor physical function among elderly survivors after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Monitoring musculoskeletal pain is important to prevent physical function decline after natural disasters.
Pooling analysis regarding the impact of human vitamin D receptor variants on the odds of psoriasis
Authors: Li Juan , Sun Li , Sun Jinghui , Yan Min
Published: October 2019

Background

The study aims at scientifically investigating the genetic effect of four polymorphisms (rs7975232, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs731236) within the human Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene on the odds of psoriasis through an updated meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched eight databases and screened the studies for pooling. Finally, a total of eighteen eligible case-control studies were included. BH (Benjamini & Hochberg) adjusted P-values of association (Passociation) and odd ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated under the allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, recessive, and carrier models.

Results

Compared with the negative controls, no statistically significant difference in the odds of psoriasis was detected for the cases under any genetic models (BH adjusted Passociation > 0.05). We also performed subgroup meta-analyses by the source of controls, ethnicity, country, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and genotyping method. Similar results were observed in most subgroup meta-analyses (BH adjusted Passociation > 0.05). Besides, data of Begg’s and Egger’s tests excluded the significant publication bias; while the sensitivity analysis data further indicated the statistical reliability of our pooling results.

Conclusion

The currently available data fails to support a robust association between VDR rs7975232, rs1544410, rs2228570 and rs731236 polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility, which still required the support of more case-control studies.
Renal injury following long-term exposure to carbon disulfide: analysis of a case series
Authors: Yan Yongqin , Wang Cheng , Zheng Zhiyong , Qu Lijuan , Zeng Dehua , Li Min
Published: October 2019

Background

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of renal damage caused by long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) in nine patients.

Methods

All the patients underwent ultrasound-guided renal biopsy. All specimens were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples form one patient were further analyzed using transmission electron microscopy.

Results

Similar pathological changes were observed in all patients, but the degrees of lesions were different. All cases had moderate to severe nodular mesangial hyperplasia; among these, type “Kimme1stie1-Wi1son” (K-W nodule for short) was observed in four cases, type “K - W nodule” refer to nodular hyperplasia of mesangial membrane like letter K or W. four cases had proliferative extracapillary glomerulonephritis (GN), while there were no concomitant changes in one patient. Besides, six cases had diffuse basement membrane thickening, focal segmental sclerosis or bulbar sclerosis; two cases had diffuse glomerular sclerosis, and one case had focal segmental capillary hyperplasia. Moreover, all patients had renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis with less to moderate chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as renal arteriosclerosis. IHC showed that the depositions of IgA, IgM, C3d, C4d, C1q and Fib were not specific; while IgG, type III collagen, Fibronectin, Amyloid A, Igκ, Igλ, HBsAg and HBcAg were all negative.

Conclusion

Diffuse nodular mesangial hyperplasia/sclerosing glomerular nephropathy is characterized by nodular mesangial hyperplasia with type “K-W nodules” formation, which we speculate is a special pathological manifestation of renal damage caused by carbon disulfide (CS2).
Clinical insights gained by refining the 2016 WHO classification of diffuse gliomas with: EGFR amplification, TERT mutations, PTEN deletion and MGMT methylation
Authors: Brito Cheila , Azevedo Ana , Esteves Susana , Marques Ana Rita , Martins Carmo , Costa Ilda , Mafra Manuela , Bravo Marques José M. , Roque Lúcia , Pojo Marta
Published: October 2019

Background

Significant advances in the molecular profiling of gliomas, led the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification to include, for the first-time, molecular biomarkers in glioma diagnosis: IDH mutations and 1p/19q codeletion. Here, we evaluated the effect of this new classification in the stratification of gliomas previously diagnosed according to 2007 WHO classification. Then, we also analyzed the impact of TERT promoter mutations, PTEN deletion, EGFR amplification and MGMT promoter methylation in diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy in glioma molecular subgroup.

Methods

A cohort of 444 adult gliomas was analyzed and reclassified according to the 2016 WHO. Mutational analysis of IDH1 and TERT promoter mutations was performed by Sanger sequencing. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics 21.0.

Results

The reclassification of this cohort using 2016 WHO criteria led to a decrease of the number of oligodendrogliomas (from 82 to 49) and an increase of astrocytomas (from 49 to 98), while glioblastomas (GBM) remained the same (n = 256). GBM was the most common diagnosis (57.7%), of which 55.2% were IDH-wildtype. 1p/19q codeleted gliomas were the subgroup associated with longer median overall survival (198 months), while GBM IDH-wildtype had the worst outcome (10 months). Interestingly, PTEN deletion had poor prognostic value in astrocytomas IDH-wildtype (p = 0.015), while in GBM IDH-wildtype was associated with better overall survival (p = 0.042) as well as MGMT promoter methylation (p = 0.009). EGFR amplification and TERT mutations had no impact in prognosis. Notably, EGFR amplification predicted a better response to radiotherapy (p = 0.011) and MGMT methylation to chemo-radiotherapy (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

In this study we observed that the 2016 WHO classification improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse gliomas, although the available biomarkers are not enough. Therefore, we suggest MGMT promoter methylation should be added to glioma classification. Moreover, we found two genetic/clinical correlations that must be evaluated to understand their impact in the clinical setting: i) how is PTEN deletion a favorable prognostic factor in GBM IDH wildtype and an unfavorable prognostic factor in astrocytoma IDH wildtype and ii) how EGFR amplification is an independent and strong factor of response to radiotherapy.
A phytosterol-enriched saw palmetto supercritical CO2 extract ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in a rat model
Authors: Sudeep Heggar V. , Venkatakrishna Karempudi , Amrutharaj Ballal , Anitha  , Shyamprasad Kodimule
Published: October 2019

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathological condition affecting older men. BPH complications often lead to deterioration in the quality of life. Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) is used for treating lower urinary tract infections in traditional medicine.

Methods

This study was performed to compare the efficacy of β-sitosterol enriched saw palmetto oil (VISPO) and conventional saw palmetto oil (SPO) extracted using supercritical fluid extraction, in alleviating the BPH complications using testosterone-induced BPH model rats. The animals received testosterone (5 mg/kg s.c.) with or without SPO and VISPO (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) or Finasteride (1 mg/kg b.w.) p.o. for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, overnight fasted animals were euthanized, blood samples collected for serum analysis of testosterone. Prostate tissue histomorphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Western blot analysis was performed using prostate tissue homogenates.

Results

VISPO exhibited superior efficacy compared to SPO as evident from the significant decrease in prostate weight to body weight ratio, serum testosterone level and increase in growth inhibition of prostate tissue compared to BPH group (p < 0.001). Histological examination of prostate tissue samples showed that VISPO treatment was comparatively better than SPO in improving the hyperplastic patterns. Further, VISPO significantly regulated the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic marker proteins in BPH rats.

Conclusion

Our data provide experimental evidence that β-sitosterol enriched saw palmetto oil could be higher efficacious in treating the BPH complications compared to the conventional saw palmetto oil preparations.
“As we have gathered with a common problem, so we seek a solution”: exploring the dynamics of a community dialogue process to encourage community participation in family planning/contraceptive programmes
Authors: Crankshaw Tamaryn L. , Kriel Yolandie , Milford Cecilia , Cordero Joanna Paula , Mosery Nzwakie , Steyn Petrus S. , Smit Jennifer
Published: October 2019

Background

Community dialogues have been widely used as a method for community engagement and participation to cover a broad range of areas. However, there has been limited documentation and evaluation of the process, particularly as a method towards achieving family planning and contraception (FP/C) programme goals. As part of the development of an intervention package aimed at increasing community and health care provider (HCP) participation in the provision of FP/C, feasibility testing of the intervention approach (a community dialogue between communities and health facilities) was carried out. Our findings offer a systematic description and evaluation of the community dialogue process, with key recommendations towards future implementation.

Methods

The dialogue was evaluated in three ways: 1) through participant observation during the community dialogue, 2) via a standardised feasibility testing tick-list for all observers of the dialogue, and 3) through three focus group discussions (FGDs) consisting of different groups of stakeholders who participated in the community dialogue. In total, 28 community members, HCPs, and key stakeholders attended the community dialogue (22 females, 6 males). Twenty-seven of the community dialogue participants participated in one of 3 FGDs held after the dialogue. Six evaluators assessed feasibility of the dialogue process.

Results

There was good attendance, representation and participation amongst community and provider sectors based on the participant observations using the standardized feasibility check-list. The community dialogue process received positive feedback in the FGDs and was demonstrated to be feasible and acceptable. Key factors contributing to the success of the community dialogue included a skilled facilitator, good representation of participants, establishing ground rules, good timekeeping, and using a Theory of Change to facilitate goal identification and dialogue. Issues to consider are the underlying power differentials related to age, profession and gender which caused initial feelings of anxiety amongst some participants.

Conclusions

Our formative findings offer a systematic description and evaluation of a community dialogue process with key recommendations that may be considered when constituting similar community dialogues in the future.
Effects of insect diets on the gastrointestinal tract health and growth performance of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869)
Authors: Józefiak Agata , Nogales-Mérida Silvia , Rawski Mateusz , Kierończyk Bartosz , Mazurkiewicz Jan
Published: October 2019

Background

Insects in the fish diet are a natural source of protein, fat, and other nutrients. These meals are considered an ecological replacement for fishmeal to improve growth parameters. The application of insect meals to fish diets has been studied, especially in continental fish. Data regarding the effects of insect meals on the gut health of Siberian sturgeon are not available. This study investigated the effects of full-fat Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) meals on the gut health of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. Growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) histomorphology and the microbiome composition of juvenile Siberian sturgeon were analyzed.

Results

The inclusion of insect meals did not affect the growth performance or the survival rate. In the gastrointestinal tract histomorphology, a reduction in the mucosa thickness with the HI treatment was observed. In contrast, fish fed the TM diet had an increase in the thickness of the muscular layer. There were no observed significant differences in villus height among treatments. The analysis of the selected microbiota populations in the Siberian sturgeon gastrointestinal tract showed that insect addition affected the composition of the microbiome. The greatest effect on bacterial populations (Clostridium leptum subgroup, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium coccoides – Eubacterium rectale cluster, Aeromonas spp., Bacillus spp., Carnobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus group) was observed with the HI diet (P < 0.05). The TM-based diet increased counts in the following bacterial groups: Clostridium coccoides – Eubacterium rectale cluster, Bacillus spp., Carnobacterium spp., and Enterococcus spp. In contrast, the TM diet decreased the total number of bacteria. The TM diet did not significantly affect the Clostridium leptum subgroup, Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas spp. or the Lactobacillus group.

Conclusions

Fish meal replacement by the inclusion of 15% of full-fat Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor (15%) meals did not affect the growth performance, survival rate or villus height of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. The present study suggests that an H. illucens-based diet positively affects the gut microbiota composition and intestinal morphology of juvenile Siberian sturgeon without negative changes in the villus height.
The effectiveness of marine based fatty acid compound (PCSO-524) and firocoxib in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis
Authors: Vijarnsorn Monchanok , Kwananocha Irin , Kashemsant Narudee , Jarudecha Thitichai , Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Beale Brian , Peirone Bruno , Lascelles B. Duncan X.
Published: October 2019

Background

NSAIDs are accepted as the most predictably efficacious medical treatment of the clinical signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The marine-based fatty-acid compound PCSO-524 has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for canine OA, however benefits of this agent is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PCSO-524 combined with the NSAID firocoxib using force plate gait analysis, orthopedic assessment score (OAS) and canine brief pain inventory score (CBPI) in dogs with OA.

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted. Seventy-nine dogs that had hip and/or stifle OA were assigned randomly into three treatment groups: firocoxib, PCSO-524 and combination of firocoxib and PCSO-524, orally for 4 weeks. Peak vertical force (PVF, expressed as a percentage of bodyweight), OAS, CBPI, serum prostaglandin E2concentration, hematology and blood chemistry values were evaluated before treatment (Day0), as well as at the second (Day14) and fourth week (Day28) during treatment.

Results

Within group analysis revealed significant increases in PVF over the 4-week treatment period for firocoxib, PCSO-524 and the combination (p < 0.05). Mean increases in PVF were 3.25 ± 4.13, 2.01 ± 3.86, 4.11 ± 4.69%BW (mean ± SD) respectively. The OAS showed non-significant change in all treatment groups. There were significant decreases in CBPI pain severity score (PSS) and CBPI pain interference scores (PIS) within some groups over time, however no significant differences were found between the groups. Significantly decreased serum PGE2concentration (p < 0.05) was found in the combination group. Significant increases in BUN and creatinine (p < 0.05) compared to pre-treatment values were found in the firocoxib and combination groups but not in the PCSO-524 group at day28, but all values in all dogs remained within the normal ranges.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggested combination of both PCSO-524 and firocoxib is more effective in alleviation of inflammation and improvement of weight bearing ability when compared to the uses of either PCSO-524 or firocoxib alone. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm this, and to determine if there is any benefit of PCSO-524 over placebo.