bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rost ploshadi teni c rostom zaryada i uglovogo momenta v metrike Kerra-Newmana s neprivodimoy massoy
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: September 2023

Стандартная форма метрики Керра-Ньюмана (КН) содержит полную массу заряженного вращающегося источника, которая включает массу нейтрального невращающегося источника («неприводимую» массу), а также масс-эквиваленты энергий вращения и электрического поля. Согласно массовой формуле Кристодолу-Руффини, при постоянной неприводимой массе полная масса растёт с ростом углового момента и заряда. Однако, игнорируя этот факт, при изучении зависимости эффектов гравитации от параметров полная масса полагалась постоянной при меняющихся угловом моменте и/или заряде, и эта ошибка приводила к физически абсурдным результатам, будто увеличение заряда и/или углового момента, увеличивая энергию источника, ослабляет эффекты гравитации. Недавно автором было введено понятие метрик с независимыми параметрами и был сформулирован новый метод описания эффектов гравитации с их помощью, ведущий к физически корректным результатам (З. Закир 2022). Метрика КН также была выражена через независимые параметры, в частности через неприводимую массу, не зависящую от заряда и углового момента (З. Закир 2023). Было показано, что в метрике КН с неприводимой массой рост заряда и углового момента не ослабляет эффекты гравитации, как было принято до сих пор, а наоборот, усиливает все эти эффекты, как и должно быть при росте энергии источника. В данном кратком сообщении приводятся результаты для тени в метрике КН с неприводимой массой. Приведены 9 контуров тени при трёх значениях каждого из двух параметров. Показано, что, как и в случае других эффектов гравитации, увеличение заряда и/или углового момента, усиливая гравитацию источника, усиливает и этот эффект, что выражается в увеличении площади тени.
Xylene Isomerization using Hierarchically Mesoporous ZSM-5
Authors: El Fadaly Ahmed , Sayed M. A. , Abo El Naga Ahmed O. , El Saied Mohamed , Shaban Seham Ali , Elhosiny Fouad I.
Published: September 2023

The current study described the synthesis of H-ZSM-5 zeolites with hierarchical micro-meso- porosity (HM-ZSM-5-x) via the soft-templating route, employing organosilane surfactant, 3-[(trimethoxysilyl) propyl]octyldimethyl-ammonium chloride, as the mesoporous template. The catalytic performance was examined in the isomerization of o-xylene in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. Many techniques were conducted to characterize the catalysts. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) results affirmed that all mesoporous zeolites possess the characteristic MFI structure, as well as good crystallinity. The N2 physisorption measurements signified that all HM-ZSM-5-x samples have higher surface areas and pore volumes than the micro-ZSM-5 sample, with the mesopores accounting for the vast majority of the total surface areas and pore volumes of HM-ZSM-5-x samples. Moreover, the mesoporosity of the obtained HM-ZSM-5-x zeolites can be simply tuned via the variation of the amount of TPOAC used. Compared with classical micro-ZSM-5, the HM-ZSM-5-0.15 sample possessed a higher o-xylene conversion and p-xylene yield that was attributed to its remarkable textural characteristics in terms of higher surface area and prevailing mesoporous character that led to a reduced diffusion limitation. Importantly, the catalyst manifested superb operational stability within 50 h, indicating high resistance against deactivation through coke deposition. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA   License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Frailty and occupational falls among older Japanese workers: An Internet-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Matsugaki Ryutaro , Matsuzaki Hideaki , Saeki Satoru , Fujino Yoshihisa , Matsuda Shinya
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Occupational falls are a major problem for older workers, especially those in the tertiary industry. Recently, it has been suggested that frailty is associated with occupational falls, but it is unclear whether this holds true for older workers in the tertiary industry. This study examined the relationship between frailty and occupational falls among older workers in the tertiary industry.

Methods

This was an Internet-based cross-sectional study. We recruited 5000 older workers (age, 60–75 years) employed in the tertiary industry who were registered with an Internet research company. Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Screening Index’s five items, and participants were classified into robust, pre-frailty, or frailty groups. Occupational falls were defined as falls experienced in the past 12 months while at work. The relationship between frailty and occupational falls was analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

It was found that 6.1% of participants had experienced at least one occupational fall in the past 12 months. On the multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for falls was higher with pre-frailty (aOR: 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–2.94, P = .001) and frailty (aOR: 4.26, 95% confidence interval: 2.74–6.65, P < .001) compared with robust. Similar results were obtained when the outcome was occupational falls with injury.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that frailty is associated with occupational falls among older workers in tertiary industries. We recommend that employers introduce frailty screening, and consider countermeasures based on the screening results to prevent occupational falls among older workers.
Human sphingomyelin synthase 1 generates diacylglycerol in the presence and absence of ceramide via multiple enzymatic activities
Authors: Suzuki Rika , Murakami Chiaki , Dilimulati Kamila , Atsuta‐Tsunoda Kyoko , Kawai Takuma , Sakane Fumio
Published: September 2023

Sphingomyelin (SM) synthase 1 (SMS1), which is involved in lipodystrophy, deafness, and thrombasthenia, generates diacylglycerol (DG) and SM using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide as substrates. Here, we found that SMS1 possesses DG‐generating activities via hydrolysis of PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the absence of ceramide and ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase (CPES) activity. In the presence of the same concentration (4.7 mol%) of PC and ceramide, the amounts of DG produced by SMS and PC‐phospholipase C (PLC) activities of SMS1 were approximately 65% and 35% of total DG production, respectively. PC‐PLC activity showed substrate selectivity for saturated and/or monounsaturated fatty acid‐containing PC species. A PC‐PLC/SMS inhibitor, D609, inhibited only SMS activity. Mn2+ inhibited only PC‐PLC activity. Intriguingly, DG attenuated SMS/CPES activities. Our study indicates that SMS1 is a unique enzyme with PC‐PLC/PE‐PLC/SMS/CPES activities.
A rapid, multiplex digital PCR assay to detect gene variants and fusions in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Leatham Bryan , McNall Katie , Subramanian Hari K. K. , Jacky Lucien , Alvarado John , Yurk Dominic , Wang Mimi , Green Donald C. , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Rajagopal Aditya , Schwartz Jerrod J.
Published: September 2023

Digital PCR (dPCR) is emerging as an ideal platform for the detection and tracking of genomic variants in cancer due to its high sensitivity and simple workflow. The growing number of clinically actionable cancer biomarkers creates a need for fast, accessible methods that allow for dense information content and high accuracy. Here, we describe a proof‐of‐concept amplitude modulation‐based multiplex dPCR assay capable of detecting 12 single‐nucleotide and insertion/deletion (indel) variants in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and ERBB2, 14 gene fusions in ALK, RET, ROS1, and NTRK1, and MET exon 14 skipping present in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also demonstrate the use of multi‐spectral target‐signal encoding to improve the specificity of variant detection by reducing background noise by up to an order of magnitude. The assay reported an overall 100% positive percent agreement (PPA) and 98.5% negative percent agreement (NPA) compared with a sequencing‐based assay in a cohort of 62 human formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples. In addition, the dPCR assay rescued actionable information in 10 samples that failed to sequence, highlighting the utility of a multiplexed dPCR assay as a potential reflex solution for challenging NSCLC samples.
Preparation of Highly Adhesion Hydrophobic Membrane and Superhydrophobic Membrane via Electrospinning
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Huanyuan , Sun Yingying , Liu Zhe
Published: September 2023

Membranes with superhydrophobicity have attracted much attention in recent years for improving self‐cleaning in practical applications. In this study, highly adhesive hydrophobic membranes and superhydrophobic membranes are prepared and used for preciously rare droplets transportation and efficient oil–water separation separately. The two types of membranes with different applications are prepared by electrospinning and the morphology and structures of the electrospinning membranes are adjusted by regulating a series of parameters including voltage, flow rate, and the diameter of the spinning needle. The as‐prepared membranes with apparent superhydrophobicity are fluorine‐free, environmentally friendly materials and realize effective and rapid oil–water separation; moreover, the membranes exhibit excellent adhesivity when measured by the video–optical contact‐angle system, and the maximum adhesion amount is 80 μL. The two membranes reported here are easily fabricated and reproducible, with adhesive and superhydrophobic properties, respectively. So, it is envisioned that the membrane has the potential to be used in a variety of practical applications such as the development of robots that require nondestructive liquids transportation, efficient oil–water separators, and so on.
Influence of Colloidal Additivation with Surfactant‐Free Laser‐Generated Metal Nanoparticles on the Microstructure of Suction‐Cast Nd–Fe–B Alloy
Authors: Liu Jianing , Yang Ying , Staab Franziska , Doñate-Buendia Carlos , Streubel René , Gökce Bilal , Maccari Fernando , Gabriel Philipp , Zingsem Benjamin , Spoddig Detlef , Durst Karsten , Farle Michael , Gutfleisch Oliver , Barcikowski Stephan , Skokov Konstantin , Ziefuß Anna R.
Published: September 2023

Development of new powder feedstocks using nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to influence the microstructure of as‐built parts and overcome the limitations of current powder‐based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The focus of this study is to investigate the impact of NP‐modified magnetic microparticle powder feedstock on the microstructure of suction‐cast Nd–Fe–B‐based alloys. This particular casting method has been recognized for its ability to replicate, to some extent, the melting and rapid solidification stages inherent to metal powder‐based AM techniques such as powder bed fusion using a laser beam. Two types of NP materials, Ag and ZrB2, are used, and their effects on the grain size distribution and dendritic structures are evaluated after suction casting. Ag NPs result in smaller, more uniform grain sizes. ZrB2 NPs result in uniformly distributed grain sizes at much lower mass loadings. The results show that feedstock powder surface modification with low‐melting‐point metal NPs can improve permanent magnets’ microstructure and magnetic properties, at below 1 vol%, equal to submonolayer surface loads. Herein, the potential of using NPs to develop new powder feedstocks for AM is highlighted, significantly improving the final part's properties.
Current‐Controlled Skyrmion Number in Confined Ferromagnetic Nanostripes
Authors: Jiang Jialiang , Tang Jin , Wu Yaodong , Zhang Qi , Wang Yihao , Li Junbo , Xiong Yimin , Kong Lingyao , Wang Shouguo , Tian Mingliang , Du Haifeng
Published: September 2023

Skyrmions are vortex‐like localized magnetic structures that possess an integer‐valued topological index known as the skyrmion number or topological charge. Skyrmion number determines the topology‐related emergent magnetism, which is highly desirable for advanced storage and computing devices. In order to achieve device functions, it is necessary to manipulate the skyrmion number in confined nanostructured geometries using electrical methods. Here, the reliable current‐controlled operations for manipulating the skyrmion number through reversible topological transformations between skyrmion chains and stripe domains in confined Fe3Sn2 nanostripes are reported. The results of micromagnetic simulations are successful in numerically reproducing the experiments and explaining them through the combined effect of current‐induced Joule heating and magnetic hysteresis. These findings hold the potential to advance the development of topological spintronic devices.
Bioelectronic Tongue for Identifying and Masking Bitterness Based on Bitter Taste Receptor Agonism and Antagonism
Authors: Hwang Jun Young , Kim Kyung Ho , Seo Sung Eun , Nam Youngju , Jwa Sanghee , Yang Inwoo , Park Tai Hyun , Kwon Oh Seok , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: September 2023

Bitterness elicits unpleasant sensations in humans, which can hinder the acceptance of foods and medication adherence. Therefore, identifying and masking bitter tastes is crucial for developing palatable foods and promoting medication compliance in the food and pharmaceutical industries. To achieve this, employing agonism and antagonism of bitter taste receptors as effective strategies at the molecular level is essential. In this study, a bioelectronic tongue is developed to characterize the agonism and antagonism of bitter taste receptors. The human bitter taste receptors hTAS2R16 and hTAS2R31 are produced using an Escherichia coli expression system and reconstituted into nanodiscs (NDs). Subsequently, hTAS2R16‐ and hTAS2R31‐NDs are immobilized on the surface of graphene field‐effect transistors (FETs) to construct bioelectronic tongues. The developed system sensitively detected the bitter agonists, salicin and saccharin, at concentrations as low as 100 fM, with high selectivity in real‐time. The dose‐dependent curves shifted and K values decreased by the antagonists of hTAS2R16 and hTAS2R31, indicating antagonism‐based masking of bitter taste. Therefore, the developed bioelectronic tongue holds promise for identifying bitter tastes and evaluating the masking of bitterness based on the agonism and antagonism of hTAS2Rs.
Constructing Rich Interfacial Structure by Carbon Dots to Improve the Sodium Storage Capacity of Sb/C Composite
Authors: Zhong Xue , Duan Jiaming , Xiang Yinger , Hu Xinyu , Huang Yujie , Li Yujin , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: September 2023

Designing Sb/carbon composite is an effective strategy to enhance the cycle stability and rate capability of Sb anodes for sodium ion batteries. However, the introduction of carbon often leads to a loss in specific capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this work, a new perspective is adopted by focusing on improving the “sloping capacity” contribution of carbon (C) in Sb/C composites, rather than solely increasing the platform capacity of Sb as traditionally done. Theoretical predictions indicate that constructing Sb/C composites with high Sb and carbon interfacial areas can provide more Na adsorption sites, thus enhancing the “sloping capacity” of amorphous carbon. Guided by DFT, a rational Sb/C/NSCDs‐2(N) is successfully developed by self‐embedding Sb nanodots into 2D‐amorphous carbon sheets doped with N/S. Sb/C/NSCDs‐2(N) exhibits abundant Sb/carbon interfacial areas and excellent nanoscale effects, demonstrating ideal electrochemical sodium storage performances. Impressively, the Sb/C/NSCDs‐2(N) provides a “sloping capacity” close to 160 mAh g−1. Significantly, owing to the fact that these interfaces and defects are not in direct contact with the electrolyte, the side reaction of electrolyte is effectively inhibited, leading to no decrease of ICE.
Photoelectric Multilevel Memory Device based on Covalent Organic Polymer Film with Keto–Enol Tautomerism for Harsh Environments Applications
Authors: Zhou Pan‐Ke , Yu Hongling , Huang Weiguo , Chee Mun Yin , Wu Shuo , Zeng Tao , Lim Gerard Joseph , Xu Hong , Yu Zhiyang , Li Haohong , Lew Wen Siang , Chen Xiong
Published: September 2023

Covalent organic polymers (COPs) memristors with multilevel memory behavior in harsh environments and photoelectric regulation are crucial for high‐density storage and high‐efficiency neuromorphic computing. Here, a donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type COP film (Py‐COP‐3), which is initiated by keto–enol tautomerism, is proposed for high‐performance memristors. Satisfactorily, the indium tin oxide (ITO)/Py‐COP‐3/Ag device demonstrates multilevel memory performance, even in high temperatures, acid‐base corrosion, and various organic solvents. Moreover, the performance can be modulated by the photoelectric effect to maintain a great switching behavior. By contrast, Py‐COP‐0, with similar structure and chemical composition to Py‐COP‐3 but without keto–enol tautomerism, exhibits binary storage performance. Further studies unravel that both the formation of conductive filaments and charge transfer within D‐A Py‐COP‐3 film contribute to the resistive switching behavior of memory devices.
Handwriting Character Recognition Based on Conductor/Insulator‐Identifiable E‐Tattoo Proximity Sensors for Blinds
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Tong Yanhong , Xian Da , Chen Xiangtao , Yang Chengda , Zou Runnan , Liu Xiaoqian , Liang Zhongzhu , Zhao Xiaoli , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: September 2023

Easy and convenient reading for blinds is of great significance for lowering their learning, entertainment, and communication barrier, and improving their living quality. The general solution is to learn braille, far from satisfying the meet of the blinds’ daily learning and communication. Here, a new‐type conductor/insulator‐identifiable e‐tattoo proximity sensor is developed by simply depositing the circular interdigitated electrodes on organic semiconductor. The discriminable recognition toward conductors and insulators is realized only based on a single e‐tattoo device. The sensors not only enable recognition of the protruding characters like braille based on distance difference, but also enable recognition of the handwriting ink‐brush and pencil graphite characters based on the unique advantage of the sensors in distinguishing conduct and insulator. These results open a new route to realize the material category recognition, provide a user‐friendly way to help the visual impaired effectively reintegrate into society, and broaden the application field of proximity sensors.
Enhancing Charge Storage of Mo2Ti2C3 MXene by Partial Oxidation
Authors: Saraf Mohit , Chacon Benjamin , Ippolito Stefano , Lord Robert W. , Anayee Mark , Wang Ruocun (John) , Inman Alex , Shuck Christopher E. , Gogotsi Yury
Published: September 2023

Driving the pseudocapacitive redox intercalation in 2DMXenes with neutral electrolytes is important for safer, more sustainable, and improved electrochemical charge storage. Single transition metal MXenes, such as Ti3C2, have shown great promise for energy storage, owing to their high conductivity and redox activity. Mixed metallic MXenes, such as out‐of‐plane ordered Mo2Ti2C3, have remained underexplored in energy storage because of the absence of redox activity in most of the electrolytes. Simultaneous structural modifications and instigating intercalation pseudocapacitance in neutral electrolytes could be a viable strategy for enhancing their electrochemical properties. Herein, a facile synthesis of partially oxidized Mo2Ti2C3 MXene (PO‐Mo2Ti2C3) exhibiting improved charge storage capability is demonstrated. Optical, structural, and spectroscopic analyses indicate the formation of oxide nanostructures upon thermal oxidation of Mo2Ti2C3 . This leads to an enhanced energy storage capability with remarkably improved cyclability as well as a high Coulombic efficiency in a neutral LiCl electrolyte. This work highlights the importance of structural modifications of MXenes to enhance their charge storage and shows the promise of less explored double transition metal MXenes in energy storage.
GHz Compact Laser Enabled by GaSb Nanowires as Saturable Absorbers
Authors: Yin Yanxue , Li Genglin , Sa Zixu , Liu Fengjing , Sun Shuo , Sun Xiaoli , Jia Yuechen , Yang Zai-Xing
Published: September 2023

Owing to the narrow bandgap and excellent optoelectronic properties, III‐Sb nanowires (NWs) enable efficient optical response from near‐infrared to mid‐infrared, making them ideal candidates for broadband optical modulation. Herein, high‐purity GaSb NWs with controlled density are prepared on the transparent substrates of glasses. The phase purity and crystallinity of as‐prepared GaSb NWs are verified by X‐ray diffraction. Z‐scan and I‐scan techniques are adopted to investigate the nonlinear optical modulation properties, displaying a high modulation depth of 40% (at 1 μm wavelength) for the GaSb NWs with growth time of 30 min. Furthermore, the as‐prepared GaSb NWs are used as the saturable absorber elements in a waveguide laser cavity, demonstrating efficient Q‐switched mode‐locked lasers with a repetition rate of 8.2 GHz and a pulse duration of 31 ps (operating at 1 μm wavelength). All results show the great potential of GaSb NWs for the ultrafast laser and nonlinear optical applications.
“On‐Water” Synthesis of Sterically Congested γ‐Ketophosphine Oxides Featuring a CF3‐ and P(O)‐Tetrasubstituted Carbon Center
Authors: Feng Man‐Hang , Ji Wen‐Jun , Huo Bo‐Jie , Xu Hao , Ma Mengtao , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Chu Xue‐Qiang
Published: September 2023

The distinctive hydrophobic hydration effect in the aqueous solution contributes to the success of the phospha‐Michael reaction between β‐CF3‐β,β‐disubstituted enones and diarylphosphine oxides, providing an access to biologically relevant γ‐ketophosphine oxides bearing a sterically highly congested CF3‐ and P(O)‐tetrasubstituted carbon center. More importantly, the resulting products could be further transformed into densely functionalized γ‐ketophosphine oxides containing a CF3‐ and P(O)‐tetrasubstituted carbon center.
Creation of Environmentally Friendly Super “Dinitrotoluene Scavenger” Plants
Authors: Gao Jian‐Jie , Li Zhen‐Jun , Zhu Bo , Wang Li‐Juan , Xu Jing , Wang Bo , Fu Xiao‐Yan , Han Hong‐Juan , Zhang Wen‐Hui , Deng Yong‐Dong , Wang Yu , Zuo Zhi‐Hao , Peng Ri‐He , Tian Yong‐Sheng , Yao Quan‐Hong
Published: September 2023

Pervasive environmental contamination due to the uncontrolled dispersal of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT) represents a substantial global health risk, demanding urgent intervention for the removal of this detrimental compound from affected sites and the promotion of ecological restoration. Conventional methodologies, however, are energy‐intensive, susceptible to secondary pollution, and may inadvertently increase carbon emissions. In this study, a 2,4‐DNT degradation module is designed, assembled, and validated in rice plants. Consequently, the modified rice plants acquire the ability to counteract the phytotoxicity of 2,4‐DNT. The most significant finding of this study is that these modified rice plants can completely degrade 2,4‐DNT into innocuous substances and subsequently introduce them into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further, research reveals that the modified rice plants enable the rapid phytoremediation of 2,4‐DNT‐contaminated soil. This innovative, eco‐friendly phytoremediation approach for dinitrotoluene‐contaminated soil and water demonstrates significant potential across diverse regions, substantially contributing to carbon neutrality and sustainable development objectives by repurposing carbon and energy from organic contaminants.
A Smart Intracellular Self‐Assembling Bioorthogonal Raman Active Nanoprobe for Targeted Tumor Imaging
Authors: Tanwar Swati , Ghaemi Behnaz , Raj Piyush , Singh Aruna , Wu Lintong , Yuan Yue , Arifin Dian R. , McMahon Michael T. , Bulte Jeff W. M. , Barman Ishan
Published: September 2023

Inspired by the principle of in situ self‐assembly, the development of enzyme‐activated molecular nanoprobes can have a profound impact on targeted tumor detection. However, despite their intrinsic promise, obtaining an optical readout of enzyme activity with high specificity in native milieu has proven to be challenging. Here, a fundamentally new class of Raman‐active self‐assembling bioorthogonal enzyme recognition (nanoSABER) probes for targeted tumor imaging is reported. This class of Raman probes presents narrow spectral bands reflecting their vibrational fingerprints and offers an attractive solution for optical imaging at different bio‐organization levels. The optical beacon harnesses an enzyme‐responsive peptide sequence, unique tumor‐penetrating properties, and vibrational tags with stretching frequencies in the cell‐silent Raman window. The design of nanoSABER is tailored and engineered to transform into a supramolecular structure exhibiting distinct vibrational signatures in presence of target enzyme, creating a direct causality between enzyme activity and Raman signal. Through the integration of substrate‐specific for tumor‐associated enzyme legumain, unique capabilities of nanoSABER for imaging enzyme activity at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in combination with machine learning models are shown. These results demonstrate that the nanoSABER probe may serve as a versatile platform for Raman‐based recognition of tumor aggressiveness, drug accumulation, and therapeutic response.
Variable Ca‐Caryl Hapticity and its Consequences in Arylcalcium Dimers
Authors: Pearce Kyle G. , Dinoi Chiara , Schwamm Ryan J. , Maron Laurent , Mahon Mary F. , Hill Michael S.
Published: September 2023

The dimeric β‐diketiminato calcium hydride, [(DippBDI)CaH]2 (DippBDI = HC{(Me)CN‐2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3}2), reacts with ortho‐, meta‐ or para‐tolyl mercuric compounds to afford hydridoarylcalcium compounds, [(DippBDI)2Ca2(μ‐H)(μ‐o‐,m‐,p‐tolyl)], in which dimer propagation occurs either via μ2‐η1‐η1 or μ2‐η1‐η6 bridging between the calcium centers. In each case, the orientation and hapticity of the aryl units is dependent upon the position of the methyl substituent. While wholly organometallic meta‐ and para‐tolyl dimers, [(DippBDI)Ca(m‐tolyl)]2 and [(DippBDI)Ca(p‐tolyl)]2, can be prepared and are stable, the ortho‐tolyl isomer is prone to isomerization to a calcium benzyl analog. Computational analysis of this latter process with density functional theory (DFT) highlights an unusual mechanism invoking the generation of an intermediate dicalcium species in which the group 2 centers are bridged by a toluene dianion formed by the formal attachment of the original hydride anion to the initially generated ortho‐tolyl substituent. Use of a more sterically encumbered aryl substituent, {3,5‐t‐Bu2C6H3}, facilitates the selective formation of [(DippBDI)Ca(μ‐H)(μ‐3,5‐t‐Bu2C6H3)Ca(DippBDI)], which can be converted into the unsymmetrically‐substituted σ‐aryl calcium complexes, [(DippBDI)Ca(μ‐Ph)(μ‐3,5‐t‐Bu2C6H3)Ca(DippBDI)] and [(DippBDI)Ca(μ‐p‐tolyl)(μ‐3,5‐t‐Bu2C6H3)Ca(DippBDI)] by reaction with the appropriate mercuric diaryl. Conversion of [(DippBDI)Ca(H)(Ph)Ca(DippBDI)] to afford [{{(DippBDI)Ca}2(μ2‐Cl)}2(C6H5‐C6H5)], comprising a biphenyl dianion, is also reported. Although this latter transformation is serendipitous, AIM analysis highlights that, in a related manner to the ortho‐tolyl to benzyl isomerization, the requisite C–C coupling may be facilitated in an “across dimer” fashion by the experimentally‐observed polyhapto engagement of the aryl substituents with each calcium.
Saliva DNA: An alternative biospecimen for single nucleotide polymorphism chromosomal microarray analysis in autism
Authors: Wright Dale Cameron , Baluyot Maria Lourdes , Carmichael Johanna , Darmanian Artur , Jose Ngaire , Ngo Con , Heaps Luke St , Yendle Amber , Holman Katherine , Ziso Sylvia , Khan Feroza , Masi Anne , Silove Natalie , Eapen Valsa
Published: September 2023

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is typically performed for investigation of autism using blood DNA. However, blood collection poses significant challenges for autistic children with repetitive behaviors and sensory and communication issues, often necessitating physical restraint or sedation. Noninvasive saliva collection offers an alternative, however, no published studies to date have evaluated saliva DNA for CMA in autism. Furthermore, previous reports suggest that saliva is suboptimal for detecting copy number variation. We therefore aimed to evaluate saliva DNA for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) CMA in autistic children. Saliva DNA from 48 probands and parents (n = 133) was obtained with a mean concentration of 141.7 ng/μL. SNP CMA was successful in 131/133 (98.5%) patients from which we correlated the size and accuracy of a copy number variant(s) called between a proband and carrier parent, and for a subgroup (n = 17 probands) who had a previous CMA using blood sample. There were no discordant copy number variant results between the proband and carrier parent, or the subgroup, however, there was an acceptable mean size difference of 0.009 and 0.07 Mb, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that saliva DNA can be an alternative for SNP CMA in autism, which avoids blood collection with significant implications for clinical practice guidelines.
Combination of omalizumab with allergen immunotherapy versus immunotherapy alone for allergic diseases: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Ying , Zhang Min , Zhang Jia‐Qi , Li Qiu‐Qi , Lu Mei‐Ping , Cheng Lei
Published: September 2023

Background

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT)‐associated adverse events (AEs) limit its usage in the management of allergic diseases. The monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody (omalizumab) and AIT have complementary actions. However, no consensus has been reached on whether their combination could exert superior efficacy and safety.

Objective

To evaluate whether the combination of AIT with omalizumab is superior to AIT alone in treating allergic diseases.

Methods

The MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) reporting the outcomes of omalizumab combined with AIT (omalizumab + AIT) versus AIT alone. A random‐effect model was established to estimate outcomes with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 11 eligible RCTs (involving 901 patients) were screened out for the meta‐analysis. According to a pooled analysis, omalizumab + AIT significantly increased the number of patients achieving the target maintenance dose (TMD) and sustained unresponsiveness (SU) to allergens (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.33–4.44; p = 0.004; I2 = 35%, and OR = 6.77; 95% CI: 2.10–21.80; p = 0.001; I2 = 36%, respectively). Similarly, individuals receiving the combination therapy reported significantly fewer episodes of severe systemic AEs than AIT alone (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18–0.59; p = 0.0003; I2 = 0%). Meanwhile, the improvements in symptom severity score (mean difference [MD] = −0.26), rescue medication daily means score (MD = −0.14), and number of patients consuming epinephrine in AIT (OR = 0.20) were all more evident than those in AIT alone.

Conclusion

Omalizumab + AIT can significantly enhance the efficacy and safety of AIT by increasing TMD and SU to allergens, while decreasing severe systemic AEs.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Status Dystonicus in Children: Multicenter Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Vogt Lindsey M. , Yan Han , Santyr Brendan , Breitbart Sara , Anderson Melanie , Germann Jürgen , Lizarraga Karlo J. , Hewitt Angela L. , Fasano Alfonso , Ibrahim George M. , Gorodetsky Carolina
Published: September 2023

Objective

We sought to better understand the workflow, outcomes, and complications of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pediatric status dystonicus (SD). We present a systematic review, alongside a multicenter case series of pediatric patients with SD treated with DBS.

Methods

We collected individual data regarding treatment, stimulation parameters, and dystonia severity for a multicenter case series (n = 8) and all previously published cases (n = 77). Data for case series were used to create probabilistic voxelwise maps of stimulated tissue associated with dystonia improvement.

Results

In our institutional series, DBS was implanted a mean of 25 days after SD onset. Programming began a mean of 1.6 days after surgery. All 8 patients in our case series and 73 of 74 reported patients in the systematic review had resolution of their SD with DBS, most within 2 to 4 weeks of surgery. Mean follow‐up for patients in the case series was 16 months. DBS target for all patients in the case series and 68 of 77 in our systematic review was the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi). In our case series, stimulation of the posterior–ventrolateral GPi was associated with improved dystonia. Mean dystonia improvement was 32% and 51% in our institutional series and systematic review, respectively. Mortality was 4% in the review, which is lower than reported for treatment with pharmacotherapy alone (10–12.5%).

Interpretation

DBS is a feasible intervention with potential to reverse refractory pediatric SD and improve survival. More work is needed to increase awareness of DBS in this setting, so that it can be implemented in a timely manner. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:156–173
Probe Response of an Optomechanical System with Optomechanical Coupling Modulated Periodically
Authors: Chen Shan‐Shan , Hong Deng , Yang Guo‐Jian
Published: September 2023

In this study, the probe response of a cavity optomechanical system with periodic modulation of the optomechanical coupling is investigated. The modulation arises from the beat effect between two external coherent driving lights, with the beat frequency matching the modulation frequency. The transmission coefficient is derived for the probe field and significant amplification, rather than absorption in the conventional optomechanically induced transparency schemes, is observed near the transparent point when the modulation is introduced. In addition, the coupling modulation can also enhance the slow light effect.
Quantum Zeno and Anti‐Zeno Effects in the Dynamics of Non‐Degenerate Hyper‐Raman Processes Coupled to Two Linear Waveguides
Authors: Das Moumita , Sen Biswajit , Thapliyal Kishore , Pathak Anirban
Published: September 2023

The effect of the presence of two probe waveguides on the dynamics of hyper‐Raman processes is studied in terms of quantum Zeno and anti‐Zeno effects. Specifically, the enhancement (diminution) of the evolution of the hyper‐Raman processes due to interaction with the probe waveguides via evanescent waves is viewed as quantum Zeno (anti‐Zeno) effect. This study considers the two probe waveguides interacting with only one of the optical modes at a time. For instance, as a specific scenario, it is considered that the two non‐degenerate pump modes interact with each probe waveguide linearly, while Stokes and anti‐Stokes modes do not interact with the probes. Similarly, in another scenario, it is assumed both the probe waveguides interact with Stokes (anti‐Stokes) mode simultaneously. The present results show that quantum Zeno (anti‐Zeno) effect is associated with phase‐matching (mismatching). However, it do not find any relation between the presence of the quantum Zeno effect and antibunching in the bosonic modes present in the hyper‐Raman processes.
Infrared Absorber Leveling in Ultra‐Wideband by Using Hybrid Plasmonic Structure
Authors: Xu Xing Yu , Liang Zhong Zhu , Qin Li , Su Xue Mei
Published: September 2023

In this paper, an effective ultra‐broadband absorber in long‐wavelength infrared is achieved by a metal‐insulator‐metasurface (MIM) stacked structure. This absorber exhibits an average absorption of 90% at wavelengths ranging from 8 to 14 µm and a maximum absorption rate of up to 97.1%. It is found that the performance is achieved by three mode combinations. The ultra‐broadband leveling absorber is to be polarization‐independent due to its geometrical symmetry. The absorption property can be controlled by the parameters of the triangle unit. It has great potential in many applications such as infrared detection and imaging.
The myth of gender neutrality in family court: A clinician's perspective on determinations of “the best interest of the child”
Authors: Brandt Stephanie
Published: September 2023

Misogyny is a universal prejudice against women manifest in all areas of society. To interrogate the nature of this prejudice, the author uses the family court system as her focus. The myth of gender neutrality in family court is pervasive. Current laws are framed around the assumption that both parents are on a level playing field. The reality is that our legal system is biased against mothers. This often reveals itself in the way courts make determinations of “the best interests of the child”. Family court is a microcosm of societal attitudes about parents, especially mothers, and related beliefs about what protects children. A brief review of family law and the “best interest” standard follows as well as a review of what we know and do not know about what is protective for children. The author reviews the problems inherent in family law and mental health training and practice—forensic and clinical. Although mandated to protect children, family court decisions sometimes have the opposite impact, and at times, even endangering the most protective parent and the child. This occurs mainly by devaluing the caretaking role while requiring the more responsible parent to facilitate the other parent's relationship with the child—regardless of the impact on her and the child. There are many reasons for this, but the basic one is the misogyny built into this system. This essay describes how social science research, psychological theory, and developmental principles are misused by both the legal and mental health professions to that end.
Altered markers of mitochondrial function in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Nickel Kathrin , Menke Mia , Endres Dominique , Runge Kimon , Tucci Sara , Schumann Anke , Domschke Katharina , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Maier Simon
Published: September 2023

Previous research suggests potential mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in fatty acid metabolism in a subgroup of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), indicated by higher lactate, pyruvate levels, and mitochondrial disorder prevalence. This study aimed to further investigate potential mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD by assessing blood metabolite levels linked to mitochondrial metabolism. Blood levels of creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate, pyruvate, free and total carnitine, as well as acylcarnitines were obtained in 73 adults with ASD (47 males, 26 females) and compared with those of 71 neurotypical controls (NTC) (44 males, 27 females). Correlations between blood parameters and psychometric ASD symptom scores were also explored. Lower CK (pcorr = 0.045) levels were found exclusively in males with ASD compared to NTC, with no such variation in females. ALT and AST levels did not differ significantly between both groups. After correction for antipsychotic and antidepressant medication, CK remained significant. ASD participants had lower serum lactate levels (pcorr = 0.036) compared to NTC, but pyruvate and carnitine concentrations showed no significant difference. ASD subjects had significantly increased levels of certain acylcarnitines, with a decrease in tetradecadienoyl‐carnitine (C14:2), and certain acylcarnitines correlated significantly with autistic symptom scores. We found reduced serum lactate levels in ASD, in contrast to previous studies suggesting elevated lactate or pyruvate. This difference may reflect the focus of our study on high‐functioning adults with ASD, who are likely to have fewer secondary genetic conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings of significantly altered acylcarnitine levels in ASD support the hypothesis of altered fatty acid metabolism in a subset of ASD patients.
Multiple exposures to environmental pollutants and oxidative stress: Is there a sex specific risk of developmental complications for fetuses?
Authors: Al‐Gubory Kaïs H.
Published: September 2023

Medically assisted procreation significantly contributes to an increase in twin pregnancies. One of the major factors contributing to more twin births is the use of fertility treatments. Twin pregnancy is not without a risk for fetal organ development and the health outcome of new‐borns, children, and adults. Multiple pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of developmental complications, such as perinatal mortality, premature births, and low birth weight. Oxidative stress is involved in pregnancy disorders such as abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, and prenatal mortality. The link between oxidative stress and prenatal development, poorly perceived in the medical community, is a major problem in human reproductive medicine and health outcomes. The sex‐based considerations and analyses are also, often neglected in biomedical research. In addition, fetal sexual dimorphism in antioxidant pathways following intrauterine exposure to environmental pollutants has not been explored. This is an important area of research because sexually dimorphic antioxidant adaptive responses to early life exposure‐induced oxidative stress may have long‐term effects on offspring health outcome and increase the risk of non‐communicable diseases in men and women. This concept is useful, since it may open the avenue to develop antenatal antioxidant therapeutic strategies to developmental disorders and complications related to multiple pregnancies, and in association with acute or chronic environmental exposure. This article reviews the status of research, supporting data, possible pathogenic mechanisms, and future perspectives in the proposed area. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:351–364, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unveiling the Anthelminthic Potential of Merremia vitifolia Stem through in Vitro and in Silico Approach
Authors: Islam Fakhrul , Islam Mohammad Shariful , Ahmed Kawser , Amanat Muhammed
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to assess the anthelmintic activity of methanol extracts from Merremia vitifolia stems using a combination approach encompassing experimental, in vitro, and in silico evaluations. Despite the well‐recognized pharmacological properties of M. vitifolia, its potential as an anthelmintic agent remained unexplored. This plant's anthelmintic potential was assessed on adult earthworms (Pheretima posthuma), revealing a dose‐dependent reduction in spontaneous motility leading to paralysis and eventual mortality. The most effective dose of M. vitifolia (200 mg/ml) for anthelmintic effects on Pheretima posthuma was identified. Complementary in silico investigations were also conducted, employing Autodock PyRx 0.8 for docking studies of reported M. vitifolia compounds. Notably, quercetin emerged as a promising candidate with superior binding energies against β‐tubulin (−8.3 Kcal/mol). Moreover, this comprehensive research underlines the anthelmintic potential of Merremia vitifolia stem extract and highlights quercetin as a noteworthy compound for further investigation in the quest for novel anthelmintic agents.
Ligand‐Directed Chemistry on Glycoside Hydrolases – A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Prasch Herwig , Wolfsgruber Andreas , Thonhofer Martin , Culum André , Mandl Christoph , Weber Patrick , Zündel Melanie , Nasseri Seyed A. , Gonzalez Santana Andres , Tegl Gregor , Nidetzky Bernd , Gruber Karl , Stütz Arnold E. , Withers Stephen G. , Wrodnigg Tanja M.
Published: September 2023

Selective covalent labelling of enzymes using small molecule probes has advanced the scopes of protein profiling. The covalent bond formation to a specific target is the key step of activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP), a method which has become an indispensable tool for measuring enzyme activity in complex matrices. With respect to carbohydrate processing enzymes, strategies for ABPP so far involve labelling the active site of the enzyme, which results in permanent loss of activity. Here, we report in a proof of concept study the use of ligand‐directed chemistry (LDC) for labelling glycoside hydrolases near – but not in – the active site. During the labelling process, the competitive inhibitor is cleaved from the probe, departs the active site and the enzyme maintains its catalytic activity. To this end, we designed a building block synthetic concept for small molecule probes containing iminosugar‐based reversible inhibitors for labelling of two model β‐glucosidases. The results indicate that the LDC approach can be adaptable for covalent proximity labelling of glycoside hydrolases.
A case report of extramedullary plasmocytoma—rare pathology in the larynx
Authors: van Lanschot Cornelia G. F. , Böhmer Lara H. , Ten Berge Rosita L. , Vinke Jeroen G.
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Extramedullary plasmocytoma is a rare finding. The diagnosis is made by histological and immunohistochemical examination. Hematological evaluation is mandatory to rule out multiple myeloma. Radiotherapy is treatment of choice with good results.
Improved self‐balancing voltage five‐level ANPC converter and its control strategy
Authors: Liu Zhan , Li Peiyuan , Yang Yang , Li Bin , Xia Zhenglong
Published: September 2023

Five‐level active neutral‐point‐clamped (5L‐ANPC) converters have great practical potential in the field of medium and high voltage variable frequency speed regulation. However, the dynamic and static voltage imbalance of the series IGBTs may cause permanent damage to the device, which limits its popularization and application. In this paper, an improved self‐balancing voltage 5L‐ANPC topology (ISBV‐5L‐ANPC) is proposed to address such voltage balancing problem as series switches and high voltage leaps, which realizes dynamic and static voltage equalization by connecting the self‐balancing module consisting of an auxiliary capacitor to the bridge arm, so that it clamps the series switches. In this paper, the operation principle of ISBV‐5L‐ANPC is given in detail, and the control strategy of ISBV‐5L‐ANPC is proposed, and the key parameters in the topology are analyzed and designed. Finally, an ISBV‐5L‐ANPC prototype was built, and the effectiveness of the proposed topology and the feasibility of the control strategy are verified through the experimental results.
Electrical micro flow cytometry with LSTM and its application in leukocyte differential
Authors: Tan Huiwen , Chen Xiao , Huang Xukun , Chen Deyong , Qin Xuzhen , Wang Junbo , Chen Jian
Published: September 2023

This paper developed an electrical micro flow cytometry to realize leukocyte differentials leveraging a constrictional microchannel and a deep neural network. Firstly, purified granulocytes, lymphocytes or monocytes traveled through the constrictional microchannel with a cross‐sectional area marginally larger than individual cells and produced large impedance variations by blocking focused electric field lines. By optimizing key elements (e.g., normalization, learning rate, batch size and neuron number) of the recurrent neural network (RNN), electrical results of purified leukocytes were analyzed to establish a leukocyte differential system with a classification accuracy of 95.2%. Then the leukocyte mixtures were forced to travel through the same constrictional microchannel, producing mixed impedance profiles which were classified into granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes based on the aforementioned differential system. As to the classification results, two leukocyte mixtures from the same donor were processed, producing comparable classification results, which were 57% versus 59% of granulocytes, 37% versus 34% of lymphocytes and 6% versus 7% of monocytes. These results validated the established classification system based on the constrictional microchannel and the recurrent neural network, providing a new perspective of differentiating white blood cells by electrical flow cytometry.