bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture, Cooperation, and the General Welfare
Authors: Berigan Nick , Irwin Kyle
Published: November 2011

Solutions to social dilemmas require cooperation. Given that there are commonly multiple avenues for cooperation, sometimes social dilemmas require coordination of strategies in addition to sufficient cooperation to be successful. This study examines one social dilemma where such coordination is necessary: supporting the general welfare. Using World Values Survey data from 33 nations, we compare active membership in charitable organizations versus attitudes toward government welfare programs as examples of two different types of cooperation. We argue that culture influences the form of cooperation a group adopts via the amount of trust it generates. Specifically, individualist cultures promote relatively high levels of trust, which produce first-order cooperation (here, involvement in charitable organizations). Collectivist cultures generate relatively low trust levels, facilitating second-order cooperation (here, greater support for government welfare programs). Findings support our arguments and thus suggest that culture, mediated by trust, shapes individuals’ perceptions about creating and sustaining public goods.
Resident Black Fathers’ Involvement
Authors: Perry Armon R. , Harmon Dana K. , Leeper James
Published: November 2011

Increasing fathers’ involvement with their children has become a priority in recent years. Marriage promotion programs have been offered as the primary vehicles for increasing paternal involvement. Although marriage is likely to provide fathers with increased access and opportunity for paternal involvement, much less is known about the ways in which cohabitation, an increasingly popular coresident family formation, serves to facilitate paternal involvement. Therefore, this study examined Black fathers’ involvement with their children among men in coresident family formations. The data for this study were drawn from a sample of 617 Black fathers participating in the 5-year follow-up data collection wave of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study. The results revealed that although Black married fathers and Black unwed cohabitating fathers report similar levels of involvement, regression analyses indicate that there are distinct predictors for each family formation. Implications for fatherhood research are also included.
Marital Quality for Men and Women in Stepfamilies
Authors: Schramm David G. , Adler-Baeder Francesca
Published: November 2011

Although economic pressure and family stress models have been examined with samples of men and women in first marriages, previous models have neglected to focus on men and women in stepfamilies and to examine stress sources unique to stepfamilies. This study examines the effect of economic pressure on both common stressors and stepfamily-specific stressors and the subsequent effects on negativity, positivity, and marital quality. Results of structural equation modeling with a sample of 490 men and women in stepfamilies indicate that the proposed stepfamily stress model fit the data well for both men and women. For women, stepfamily-specific stressors have a direct inverse effect on positivity, negativity, and marital quality. For men, stepfamily-specific stressors were predictive of both positivity and marital quality. Findings from the study advance previous research on economic pressure, family stress, and marital quality.
A comparison of InVivoStat with other statistical software packages for analysis of data generated from animal experiments
Authors: Clark Robin A , Shoaib Mohammed , Hewitt Katherine N , Stanford S Clare , Bate Simon T
Published: November 2011

InVivoStat is a free-to-use statistical software package for analysis of data generated from animal experiments. The package is designed specifically for researchers in the behavioural sciences, where exploiting the experimental design is crucial for reliable statistical analyses. This paper compares the analysis of three experiments conducted using InVivoStat with other widely used statistical packages: SPSS (V19), PRISM (V5), UniStat (V5.6) and Statistica (V9). We show that InVivoStat provides results that are similar to those from the other packages and, in some cases, are more advanced. This investigation provides evidence of further validation of InVivoStat and should strengthen users’ confidence in this new software package.
How Old Is the Song of Deborah?
Authors: Frolov Serge
Published: November 2011

The article challenges the conventional view of the Song of Deborah (Judg. 5.2-31a) as an originally independent composition from the pre-monarchic period (twelfth or eleventh century BCE). Based on a comprehensive examination of the fragment’s internal parameters (grammar, syntax, vocabulary, intertextual links, outlook, and agenda) as well as of the external conditions of its production and circulation, the article argues that the Song of Deborah best qualifies as a late pre-exilic, exilic, or early post-exilic piece and an integral part of the Deuteronomistic corpus.
Experimental antibacterial and mineralizing calcium phosphate-based treatment for dentin surfaces
Authors: Gu Haijing , Mijares Dindo , Zhao Ziming , Boylan Robert , Ling Junqi , LeGeros Racquel Z
Published: November 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of experimental calcium phosphate-based solutions (sCaP) containing fluoride (F), with and without zinc (Zn) ions on reducing susceptibility to acid dissolution and Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) colonization of dentin surfaces.

Methods: Dentin sections were treated with double distilled water (control) and with sCaP solutions differing in pH and in F− and/or Zn2+ ion concentrations. Solutions A (pH 7); B, C, and D (pH 5.5); solution C, twice Zn2+ and F− ion concentration compared to B; solution D is similar to C but without Zn2+. The dentin surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution was determined in acidic buffer. Bacterial ( S. mutans) attachment and growth were evaluated using SEM and Bioquant. Statistical analyses applied analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple Range test.

Results: Compared to control, dentin surfaces treated with sCaP solutions showed: (a) occluded dentin tubules; (b)reduced susceptibility to acid dissolution; and (c) Zn2+ ions were more effective than F− ions in inhibiting bacterial colonization.

Significance: Acidic sCaP containing both F and Zn ions have mineralizing, acid resistance, and antibacterial effects and may be potentially useful as a strategy against dentin caries formation and progression.
Jesus, Morton Smith, and the Eighth Book of Moses (PGM 13.1-734)
Authors: Klutz Todd
Published: November 2011

The late Morton Q. Smith’s innovative interpretation of PGM 13.1-734 as containing not merely two but three different versions of the Eighth Book of Moses (hereafter MosesVIII) was built on assumptions which have not been critically examined either in scholarship on that text or in critical discussion of Smith’s use of the magical papyri in his book Jesus the Magician . Critical examination of those assumptions would suggest that Smith’s negative evaluation of MosesVIII’s world-view exercised inappropriate influence both on his translation of the text and on his views concerning its sources and literary structure. As a critical alternative to Smith’s views, the present article provides new lines of support for holding, in agreement with pre-Smith scholarship, that only two versions of MosesVIII are present in PGM 13.1-734. A comparative analysis of the two versions is also offered, wherein version B (lines 343-734) is seen as representing the earlier stage in the development of the tradition, and version A (lines 1-343) is contextualized as a fourth-century CE Christianized redaction that belongs in part to the reception history of the New Testament Gospels and Acts.
Control-based fault detection and isolation for autonomous aircraft
Authors: Marzat J , Piet-Lahanier H , Damongeot F , Walter E
Published: November 2011

This article describes a new method to perform fault detection and isolation for a closed-loop-controlled autonomous aircraft. This vehicle is equipped with standard sensors and actuators, and its dynamics is non-linear. It is assumed that a guidance law and a control loop have been designed to achieve a given mission. The diagnosis method uses the resulting control objectives to generate residuals indicative of the presence of faults. Two classical guidance laws are considered, leading to different control constraints and diagnosis signals. A structural sensitivity analysis shows that all sensor and actuator faults can be detected and all sensor faults isolated, for both laws. The fault diagnosis procedure does not require the costly integration of the model of the system, and the closed-loop scheme makes it robust to model uncertainty. Realistic simulation results with strong model and measurement uncertainty demonstrate the potential of the approach. A theoretical analogy with observer-based fault diagnosis is also derived.
Extension of the modified Poisson regression model to prospective studies with correlated binary data
Authors: Zou GY , Donner Allan
Published: November 2011

The Poisson regression model using a sandwich variance estimator has become a viable alternative to the logistic regression model for the analysis of prospective studies with independent binary outcomes. The primary advantage of this approach is that it readily provides covariate-adjusted risk ratios and associated standard errors. In this article, the model is extended to studies with correlated binary outcomes as arise in longitudinal or cluster randomization studies. The key step involves a cluster-level grouping strategy for the computation of the middle term in the sandwich estimator. For a single binary exposure variable without covariate adjustment, this approach results in risk ratio estimates and standard errors that are identical to those found in the survey sampling literature. Simulation results suggest that it is reliable for studies with correlated binary data, provided the total number of clusters is at least 50. Data from observational and cluster randomized studies are used to illustrate the methods.
Predictive Factors of Hospice Use Among Blacks
Authors: Conner Norma E.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this prospective, correlational study was to examine the differential ability of demographic variables, beliefs, and values about end-of-life, spirituality, and social relationships to predict hospice use among blacks. The framework for this study was the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Data were collected from 104 terminally ill black men and women recruited from 6 inpatient and outpatient settings. Only 34% of the individuals participated in hospice services. Chi-square, sequential, and stepwise logistic regressions revealed that the best predictive model consisted of presence of a caregiver, having a religious affiliation, and male gender. Together these factors predicted 13.7% to 19% of hospice use among blacks. Health care providers can use these findings in planning care for patients early in their disease trajectory.
Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Collection Services in Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: Banga Margaret , Lokina Razack B. , Mkenda Adolf F.
Published: November 2011

This study identifies the determinants of households’ willingness to pay for an improvement in solid waste-collection services based on 381 households in Kampala. Employing the double-bounded contingent valuation method, households’ mean willingness to pay for improved solid waste collection service was estimated to be USh 2,439 per month. Both the decision to pay and the amount households are willing to pay for improved solid waste collection services are influenced by income, education, age, and home ownership. A socially acceptable fee which the majority of people are willing to pay should be set to avoid the free-rider problem.
From the Voices of Women
Authors: Simmons Catherine A. , Farrar Melissa , Frazer Kitty , Thompson Mary Jane
Published: November 2011

This mixed-method study investigated perceptions women domestic violence survivors/victims have about why women do not seek help from formal support structures and actions domestic helping agencies can take to facilitate survivor access to services. Congruent with previous research, quantitative analysis identified 17 reasons women do not seek help from formal support structures. Expanding current knowledge, concept mapping revealed six ways family violence programs can better reach women in abusive relationships, including (1) remove barriers to services, (2) improve comfort with services, (3) “talk about it,” (4) improve community awareness, (5) victim-targeted marketing, and (6) “I honestly don’t know.”
The Staff Ride: An Approach to Qualitative Data Generation and Analysis
Authors: Becker Wendy S. , Burke Michael J.
Published: November 2011

The authors present and illustrate the research staff ride—the re-creation of a historical event for the purpose of understanding organizational phenomena through observation, reflection, and discussion. Staff rides make unique contributions to research through the independent analysis of events outside organizations by content experts who collectively and concurrently reflect on retrospective data while experiencing context. Staff rides involve the examination of ordered sequences of contextually bound events and, thus, promote participants' understanding of the dependence between past and future observations. In this article, the authors elaborate on the types of data, data collection procedures, and data analyses for research staff rides. Importantly, they discuss potential strengths and challenges associated with staff rides in qualitative research, along with ways to address these challenges.
Many Europes: Rethinking multiplicity
Authors: Biebuyck William , Rumford Chris
Published: November 2011

This article advances a non-reductionist theorization of Europe as ‘multiplicity’. As an object and category of political reality, Europe is made (and re-made) within specific spatio-temporal configurations. For this reason, the first section argues that Europe should be approached as an instance of ‘historical ontology’. This counters a reductionist tendency to ‘fix’ Europe with definitive political and cultural characteristics or historical trajectories. The second and third sections of the article interrogate a few of the ontological ‘lines of flight’ taken by contemporary Europe. The article discusses Europe’s multiplicity through its fields, imaginaries and ways of being in the world. Such a preliminary sketch of European multiplicity is not meant to be exhaustive. Rather, it suggests a new ethos in the study of European politics that privileges historicism, practice, and Europe’s recursive relationship to the world/globe.
The Effect of Sex and Severity of Aggression on Formal and Informal Social Agents’ Involvement in Partner Violence
Authors: Winstok Zeev
Published: November 2011

Involvement by formal and informal social agents plays a major role in coping with the problem of partner violence. Based on data from the First National Israeli Survey of Family Violence, the present study attempted to answer whether the sex of the aggressor and the severity of his or her aggression affect formal and informal social involvement in partner violence. Data were obtained from a stratified probability sample of 2,544 women drawn from the general population in Israel. Findings show that the severity of aggression by both sexes affects informal social involvement similarly. But in regard to formal involvement, gender is of top importance, and only the severity of men’s aggression influences formal social involvement. The findings indicate society’s perceptions of partner violence and how it copes with the problem. These perceptions and their theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The discussion focuses on examining the factors that promote social construction of partner violence as identified in this study and the implications of this construction on dealing with the problem.
Clinical and Basic Science of Cartilage Injury and Arthritis in the Football (Soccer) Athlete
Authors: Lee Hannah H. , Chu Constance R.
Published: November 2011

Joint injuries are very common in the athletic population, especially professional soccer players, with an incidence of 10 to 35.5 injuries per 1000 hours. Most soccer-related joint injuries occur in the lower extremities, with 16% to 46% occurring in the knee and 17% to 40% occurring in the ankle. Because of the limited healing capacity of cartilage and other intra-articular soft tissue structures, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus, joint injuries often lead to the development of early disabling osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis in soccer players is 5 to 12 times more frequent than in the general population and diagnosed 4 to 5 years earlier. It remains a major cause of disability from this sport. This review focuses on the epidemiology of soccer-related joint injuries and subsequent development of osteoarthritis in the hip, knee, and ankle joints. As well, two different pathways for pathogenesis are described: (1) primary osteoarthritis via direct trauma to the articular cartilage and (2) secondary osteoarthritis that occurs indirectly through injury to the soft tissue structures that subsequently result in articular cartilage degeneration and loss.
“Cut and Mix”
Authors: Saggese Jordana Moore
Published: November 2011

In 1992, during the first retrospective of Basquiat’s work, Richard Marshall lamented: “Jean-Michel Basquiat first became famous for his art, then he became famous for being famous, then he became famous for being infamous—a succession of reputations that often overshadowed the seriousness and significance of the art he produced.” The artist’s place is even now much more secure in pop culture than in academe, so the Basquiat retrospective that opened at the Fondation Beyeler in 2010 and subsequently traveled to the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris was not just a museum show to celebrate the artist’s fiftieth birthday but also an argument for Basquiat’s place in art history. Following precedent, this latest exhibition focused on the artist’s larger, midcareer canvases, but this essay reads several of Basquiat’s small-scale, early works as marked by often-overlooked inquiries into modernism, epistemology, and the potential of appropriation.
Wangechi Mutu: Hunt Bury Flee
Authors: Bourland W. Ian
Published: November 2011

This article briefly reviews Wangechi Mutu’s recent show Hunt Bury Flee, held at the end of 2010 at Gladstone Gallery in New York. The author locates the strength of the work and analyzes it through the lens of surrealist practices and recent work by other contemporary African artists focused on issues of gender and abjection.
Physiological and behavioural stress responses in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to noise associated with construction work
Authors: Westlund K , Fernström A-L , Wergård E-M , Fredlund H , Hau J , Spångberg M
Published: November 2011

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavioural and physiological responses to environmental disturbances (live and recorded dynamite explosions) in laboratory non-human primates in preparation for a future tunnel construction underneath our animal facility. In a pilot study (A) on 20 female Macaca fascicularis, a day of test blasts resulted in an increase in faecal cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and the animals reacted behaviourally with vertical flight and vocalizations. In a follow-up study (B), we assessed the impact of 10 days of exposure to recorded detonations on the behaviour and CICM in 16 M. fascicularis. In the latter study we introduced a predictive signal, serving as a conditional stimulus, to half of the animals. We found no significant effects of the noise in the Signal group; while the Control groups’ CICM values were affected. The behaviour was largely unaffected in the two groups. It was decided not to introduce a research moratorium on biomedical research planned to be conducted during the future tunnel construction, and that a conditional stimulus (‘warning signal’) will be used.
Minimally invasive childhood and adult circumcision
Authors: Millard Peter S , Fumo Afonso , Sabino Elis
Published: November 2011

Using the Gomco circumcision clamp and sealing the wound with tissue adhesive results in a minimally invasive circumcision suitable for all age groups beyond the neonatal period. It is easy to perform and can be performed by generalists with local anaesthetic and standard instruments.
The Status of Diachronic Buccalizations in Germanic
Authors: Hall Tracy Alan
Published: November 2011

A common sound change involves the Debuccalization of a fricative such as [x] to a laryngeal like [h]. A controversial question is whether or not the reverse development is attested as well, i. e. the Buccalization of [h] to a sound with a supralaryngeal articulation like [x]. Vennemann (Language 48: 863–892, 1972) proposes an approach according to which [x] can debuccalize into [h], but the latter sound cannot buccalize into [x]. By contrast, Howell (Old English Breaking and its Germanic Analogues, Tübingen, 1991) advocates a model which allows for both Debuccalizations and Buccalizations.

The present article critically examines the status of Buccalizations which have been argued to have transpired in the history of Germanic with the intention of clarifying which approach is correct. It will be argued that the change from [h] to a sound like [x] is only attested under the following two conditions: (a) the change is analogical, or (b) the change involves the shift from one allophone of a phoneme to another allophone of the same phoneme. All examples in Howell (Old English Breaking and its Germanic Analogues, Tübingen, 1991) which cannot be attributed to (a) or (b) will be shown to have an independent explanation not requiring the sound change from [h] into [x].
Der Schutz unmündiger Kinder in der ›Lex Salica‹
Authors: Seebold Elmar
Published: November 2011

The protection of under-age children in the LS is very strict: In case of death of the young or unborn child the fine (›Wergeld‹) is three times as high as normal. There are two cases to be considered: The young boy under 10 years (later under 12 years) gets obviously a special hairstyle; so the text is formulated according to hairstyle and therefore regulations for cutting the hair of young children are included. The other parts deal with pregnant women, and their protection is extended to all women of childbearing potential.
The Effects of Delays in the Dissemination and Usage of Broadband Internet
Authors: Gryczka Marcin
Published: November 2011

The Effects of Delays in the Dissemination and Usage of Broadband Internet

Information and telecommunication technology development is undeniably one of the most important factors for global knowledge diffusion and digital society creation processes in the contemporary world economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze ICT infrastructure advances having taken place in the European Union, Japan and the United States in last fifteen years, and - based on the analysis results - to specify the most significant, present and potential future problems for Polish economy due to its ICT usage backwardness. While ICT infrastructure development level in Poland is closing to the EU averages, still the vital issue is lack of Internet usage possibilities and increasing digital divide between urban and rural regions, which in the near future can constrain a socioeconomic growth and competitiveness of Polish economy.
Performance Improvement of a Portable Electric Generator Using an Optimized Bio-Fuel Ratio in a Single Cylinder Two-Stroke Engine
Authors: Misron Norhisam , Rizuan Suhairi , Vaithilingam Aravind , Mailah Nashiren Farzilah , Tsuyoshi Hanamoto , Hiroaki Yamada , Yoshihito Shirai
Published: November 2011

The performance of an electrical generator using bio-fuel and gasoline blends of different composition as fuel in a single cylinder engine is presented. The effect of an optimized blend ratio of bio-fuel with gasoline on engine performance improvement and thereby on the electrical generator output is studied. Bio-fuels such as ethanol, butanol and methanol are blended with gasoline in different proportions and evaluated for performance. The effects of different bio-fuel/gasoline blending ratios are compared experimentally with that of the gasoline alone using the output power developed by the electric generator as the evaluation parameter. With a composition of 10% ethanol–gasoline, the engine performance is increased up to 6% and with a blending ratio of 20% butanol–gasoline the performance is increased up to 8% compared to the use of 100% gasoline. The investigations are performed on a portable generator used in palm tree harvesting applications.
Antioxidant Effect of a Marine Oligopeptide Preparation from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by Enzymatic Hydrolysis in Radiation Injured Mice
Authors: Yang Ruiyue , Wang Junbo , Liu Zhigang , Pei Xinrong , Han Xiaolong , Li Yong
Published: November 2011

Marine oligopeptide preparation (MOP) obtained from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by the method of enzymatic hydrolysis, has been found to possess a radioprotective property through stimulation of the radiation-induced immunosuppression. The current study aimed to further investigate the free radicals scavenging and antioxidant effects of MOP in radiation injured mice. Female ICR mice (6–8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., blank control, irradiation control and MOP (0.225, 0.450 and 1.350 g/kg body weight) plus an irradiation-treated group. The result revealed that MOP significantly increased the white blood cell counts after irradiation, and lessened the radiation-induced oxidative damage. These effects may be caused by augmentation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD and GSH-Px, reduction of the lipid peroxidation (MDA level) in liver, and protection against radiation-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we propose that MOP be used as an ideal antioxidant to alleviate radiation-induced oxidation damage in cancer patients.
Vingt-cinq ans d'immigration dans les pays industriels européens : esquisse de démographie sociale
Authors: George Pierre
Published: November 2011

Twenty-five years of immigration to European industrial countries.

The author draws a retrospective picture of the major migratory movements in industrial Europe since the second world war. Movements of refugees and economic migrations due to the rebuilding of the European economies have marked the fifties and the sixties. However, the economic slump following upon the first oil crisis has somewhat changed the conditions of international migration towards European countries. With this change of conditions, the characteristics and the problems of this immigrant population have been transformed.
Les Algériens dans l'agglomération grenobloise : différenciations internes, rapport à l'espace
Authors: Boumaza Nadir
Published: November 2011

La diversité socio-professionnelle, résidentielle, d'âge ou dans l'ancienneté d'établissement remet en question l'image d'une immigration monolithique. L'analyse des pratiques des commerçants, des jeunes et d'un groupe résidentiel parmi la population algérienne de l'agglomération grenobloise montre des appropriations d'espaces, objets d'enjeux et de conflits aussi spécifiques à chacun des groupes que ne le sont les réseaux et systèmes d'échanges matériels et symboliques.
Réseaux informels et officiels dans la communauté portugaise en France
Authors: Poinard Michel , Hily Marie-Antoinette
Published: November 2011

Au sein de l'émigration portugaises en France, les réseaux traditionnels de solidarité (familiaux et villageois) sont très importants. Plus spécifiquement, on observe la densité exceptionnelle d'un réseau associatif institutionnalisé (769 associations officiellement répertoriées en 1982). Les auteurs retracent l'histoire de ces formes d'organisation de la communauté portugaise. Ils cherchent à en saisir les fonctions et à en montrer l'importance pour le maintien des modes d'expression de l'identité culturelle.
Natalité des étrangers et renforcement de la pluri-ethnie : le cas de la France
Authors: Guillon Michelle
Published: November 2011

L'immigration en France a, depuis le début du siècle, un caractère familial, et les naissances de parents étrangers ont connu des phases d'accroissement et des phases de diminution. Aujourd'hui, plus d'une naissance sur dix est le fait de parents étrangers, en particulier Algériens, Marocains et Portugais : ainsi se renforce chez les jeunes générations le caractère pluri-ehtnique de la société française. Les naissances de parents étrangers se concentrent dans la moitié Est de la France, donnant dans les diverses régions des combinaisons de nationalités différentes. Cette diversité se retrouve à un niveau local, dans l'agglomération de Paris.
Contrebande et contre-société communiste. Éléments d'une culture frontalière
Authors: Hastings Michel
Published: November 2011

Contraband and communist counter-society ; elements of a borderer culture.

The author proposes the study of the structure's incidence of a boundary on the definition of a local character, of which contraband and communism could be the two most original expressions. After 1919, the entrance of Halluin (a town in the North of France) in the communist ideology establishes a sort of continuity with the contraband's practice, giving to it a new signifiance : from a transgression with a commercial character, we obtain another one with a political expression, a new way for this working and borderer population to declare its identity. Contraband and communism make a very particular cultural space (organization, hierarchy, vocabulary...).
La géographie de la population. Une vue internationale
Authors: Clarke John I.
Published: November 2011

L'auteur dresse un tableau international de la vitalité de cette discipline et des séries d'influences récentes qui la traversent. La diversité des types de recherches tient surtout à la disponibilité des données, à la formation des géographes de la population, à la diffusion de la géographie appliquée et à l'intérêt porté aux phénomènes culturels.
De la description empirique à l'analyse quantitative multivariée : un progrès méthodologique important en démogéographie
Authors: Renard Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2011

From empirical description to multivaried quantitative analysis: a major methodological progress in demogeography.

J.P. Renard draws several lessons from his ten-year-practice of quantitative treatment of data and from his readings on the subject. The fundamental question he suggests the participants to reflect on is the following: Has data processing allowed the geographer and the demogeographer to clearly progress in the methodological sphere? Has factorial and typological analyses — the most frequently used in France since 1970 — helped the research worker to push away the monographic temptation? Whatever one's position towards one's work tools, one is compelled to acknowledge a fact: the use of statistics and mathematics has forced us to go back and forth between abstract data and the concrete field. This back-and-forth movement has trained us to look for a new balance between the observable concrete case and theoretical reflection which appears more and more indispensable.
Pour une recherche géographique sur les structures familiales
Authors: Bertrand Jean-René
Published: November 2011

Geographical study on familial structures.

Presentation of statistical sources and their cartographic treatment in connection with a study conducted in the Maine-et-Loire department, on the relations between the size of families and their social composition. The study of spatial distribution calls for a thorough research on the socio-professional structures of populations and on demographic behaviours.
Les facteurs de différenciation sociale de la mortalité
Authors: Surault Pierre
Published: November 2011

Loin de se réduire, comme on aurait pu s'y attendre, les écarts de mortalité suivant le milieu social ont eu tendance à s'accroître depuis une trentaine d'années dans les pays industrialisés. Dans un contexte général d'allongement de l'espérance de vie, les différences de conditions de travail et de comportements (consommation d'alcool, de tabac et alimentaire, activités physiques...), ceux-ci étant souvent liés à celles-là, d'une part, le recours différentiel aux soins, d'autre part, expliquent ces écarts et leur accroissement. Pourtant, leur réduction, par une amélioration de la situation des plus défavorisés, pourrait entraîner une augmentation sensible de l'espérance de vie.
L'évolution récente de la mortalité dans les pays de l'Est : essai d'explication à partir de l'exemple hongrois
Authors: Valkovics E.
Published: November 2011

La communication fait ressortir certaines particularités de l'évolution de la mortalité postérieurement à la seconde guerre mondiale dans les pays de l'Europe de l'Est. Elle tente, sur la base des données hongroises de 1972-1973 et 1982, d'expliquer l'évolution de la mortalité et les différences de mortalité entre les deux sexes à partir de la modification de deux facteurs : la structure des décès par cause de décès et les espérances de vie aux différents âges des victimes des différentes causes de décès. Pour connaître ces dernières, il est nécessaire d'élaborer les tables appropriées de mortalité. Le rôle de chacun des deux facteurs est mis en valeur par l'utilisation de la méthode de la double standardisation.
Migration to urban centres of India. A case study of azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh)
Authors: Prasad Hanuman
Published: November 2011

ENG:Age Structure!Rural-urban Shift!Urban to urban Migration!India.
L'exode rural des baoulé et l'urbanisation de la Cote-d'Ivoire
Authors: Lesourd Michel
Published: November 2011

FRE:Côte d'Ivoire!Exode rural
The impact of international migration on the urban structure of Amman
Authors: Findlay Allan , Samha Musa
Published: November 2011

L'impact des migrations internationales sur la structure urbaine d'amman

Peu de pays exportateurs de main-d'œuvre sont aussi profondément touchés par la migration internationale que la Jordanie. En 1976, les transferts de revenus des travailleurs migrants ont représenté 24% du Produit National Brut. Cette communication examine l'influence de la migration internationale sur l'urbanisation, en étudiant premièrement la nature de l'émigration jordanienne et palestinienne et l'impact des investissements immobiliers des travailleurs migrants. Deuxièmement, la communication analyse les résultats d'une enquête à Amman qui a essayé d'identifier les manifestations morphologiques de l'urbanisation résultant de l'utilisation des transferts de revenus pour le logement.
Recent Migration to Hong-Kong
Authors: Skeldon Ronald
Published: November 2011

Les migrations récentes vers Hong Kong

Hong Kong est une enclave du système capitaliste occidental à la périphérie du monde socialiste. Les relations entre Hong Kong et la République Populaire de Chine ne se réduisent pas seulement à des flux de capitaux, mais il y a de très importantes relations humaines. Hong Kong est une ville de migrants, mais malgré de grands efforts pour contrôler les mouvements d'immigration pendant la période récente, les relations entre les systèmes capitaliste et socialiste se développent d'une manière continue en étroite liaison avec les mouvements de population. L'article présente les migrations de la population de la Chine vers Hong Kong, pendant la période récente : 1970-1980.
Problèmes de l'emploi en République Démocratique Allemande
Authors: Leykauf Joachim , Oelke Eckhard
Published: November 2011

Employment problems in German Democratic Republic

This paper studies the quantitative evolution of employment and activity rates in a land where working forces are rare. It deals with the geographical pattern of employment growth and with sectorial and qualitative evolutions of employment. Natural and migratory balances are studied in relation to work ability. The structure and the dynamics of inter-districts migrations in time and space are described by entropy measure and by Markow-chains model.
L'espace résidentiel athénien : les orphelins de l'État
Authors: Burgel Guy
Published: November 2011

L'effacement progressif de l'État depuis la renaissance de la Grèce contemporaine au XIXe siècle a entraîné à Athènes le développement très efficace de procédures privées de substitution pour la production de logements : rénovation dans les quartiers centraux, habitat illégal, mais non bidonvillisé, à la périphérie. L'espace résidentiel apparaît comme le résultat de la superposition de trois trames : les grands clivages socio-économiques, la recomposition sociale et spatiale de la centralité, le maintien d'une vie de quartier active. Ces processus sont eux-mêmes inséparables de l'ambiguïté de la capitale grecque : métropole occidentale, elle peut, dans sa société comme dans son économie, révéler des réponses nouvelles à la crise actuelle.
Analyse géographique des causes de décès en France (1981-82).
Authors: Noin Daniel , Thumerelle Pierre-Jean , Kostrubiec Benjamin
Published: November 2011

L'étude repose sur l'exploitation d'une bande fournissant des informations détaillées sur les décès de 1981-82 en France. La configuration géographique de la mortalité, une fois éliminée l'influence de la structure par âge, révèle des disparités très importantes, ne connaissant aucune réduction appréciable depuis 1968. Des écarts prononcés subsistent pour toutes les causes de décès. Une analyse factorielle et une procédure de classification permettent l'élaboration d'une synthèse.
Réflexions sur les perspectives de mortalité
Authors: Surault Pierre
Published: November 2011

Observations on projections of mortality rates.

The rapid increase in life expectancy in recent years has produced optimism among specialists and upward revision of projections. Yet future mortality rates could be significantly affected by a certain number of risk factors relating in particular to the younger generations and increasing among other things stress-producing situations; in the same way drastic changes in family lifestyle are bringing about an increase in cases of breakdown affecting social segments which are characterized by higher mortality rates. For this reason the increase in average life expectancy is perhaps not inevitable even if the great risk undoubtedly lies more in the widening gap in the mortality rates in relation with the polarisation of society.
Le vieillissement des populations locales : étude géo-démographique des cantons et des centres de métropoles
Authors: Paillat Paul
Published: November 2011

L'étude du vieillissement local doit faire appel à des mesures spécifiques lorsqu'il s'agit d'unités trop petites pour relever de la macro-démographie. Une autre montre qu'un seul indicateur ne suffit pas à décrire le processus, non plus qu'à pronostiquer sa future évolution. Un essai typologique, faisant appel à plusieurs éléments structurels, pris lors de recensements successifs donne des résultats encourageants, en dépit de la variété des cas. L'étude gagne en précision si elle tient compte, en outre, de la taille de la population examinée, de la distance par rapport aux grands centres équipés, de la nature des unités similaires limitrophes. A ce propos, l'auteur souligne le rôle irremplaçable des cartes.
La mobilité résidentielle intra-urbaine et son évolution depuis 1968
Authors: Damais Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2011

Intra-urban residential mobility and its evolution since 1968.

If the residential mobility of the inhabitants of the French main towns seems to have been the same approximately during the last intercensal period as between 1968 and 1975, the intra-urban mobility alone was somewhat reduced while the migratory balance fell. The values are very variable here and there and the order has changed. The first investigations into the characteristics of the populations concerned reveal very contrasted age structures for each population category and a certain specificity according to each agglomeration. The contrasts in the socio-professional structures are less marked. At last, it appears that these intra-urban migrations have a particular social and psychological meaning.
L'évolution démographique dans les zones de montagne (Vosges, Jura, Alpes du Nord)
Authors: Prost Brigitte
Published: November 2011

Les montagnes du Centre-Est de la France ont eu une évolution démographique complexe entre 1962 et 1982. Sauf dans les Vosges et les Baronnies-Diois, la croissance l'emporte, depuis plus ou moins longtemps. Elle favorise les zones urbaines périphériques mais marque aussi le cur des massifs. Les montagnes sont sans doute peu peuplées, elles ne sont pas abandonnées et gardent une vitalité.
Les villes nouvelles
Authors: Burgel Guy
Published: November 2011

The new towns of the Paris urban area: voluntary policies and structural change.

The five new towns of the Paris Region (Région parisienne) have partly succeeded to attain their primary objectives and to counteract the reversing demographic and economic trends of the metropolitan area through a general process of urban decentralization. A selective process of relocation even operates within the most dynamic social categories and activities. But questions which arise from the explanation of these changes, of the effectiveness of voluntary policies and the more structural mechanisms still remain important issues.
Demographic Changes and Service Provision in rural Areas in the Netherlands
Authors: Huigen Paulus Petrus P. , Kempers-Warderdam A. H. H. M. , Volkers C. R.
Published: November 2011

With the economic measures of the government that concern important services like education and health, the question is to know if the rural population of the Netherlands will go on having access to all services. According to demographic patterns, the togetherness of these services' use can be deeply influenced by the ageing of the rural population, resulting from the decrease in birth rates and from selective migration. The customers for schools, hospitals and certain level of business will either increase or appreciably decrease. The differences will depend on the present location of these services and on the range of age they are directed to. In some areas of the country, the accessibility to some services might result in a big problem for the population.
La géographie des ménages âgés en France et son évolution de 1962 à 1982.
Authors: Chauviré Yvan
Published: November 2011

Geography of aged households in France and its evolution from 1962 to 1982.

The paper analyses the geography of aged households in France from 1962 to 1982. In 1962, 23,5% of households heads were aged 65 or more. They were mostly located in the Parisian area, the South-West and the South of France. In 1982, aged households were more numerous but their proportion of the total number of households have not increased (23,3%). Aged household heads were more likely to be male and to be in advanced old ages in 1982 than in 1962. They also had a different spatial distribution. The most striking phenomenon of the evolution is the growing isolation of aged women and particularly widows.
Residential Accommodation for dependent Elderly People in Britain: the Relationship between spatial Structure and individual Lifestyle
Authors: Peace Sheila M.
Published: November 2011

The paper is concerned with the inter- relationship between macro- and micro- environmental issues in residential care for the elderly, and begins with a discussion of the historical development of residential care for older people. Changes in the past decade will be addressed in the light of demographic and social changes. Such a discussion will allow us to look at: changes in and consequences of the distribution of residential care, i.e. national profile and local examples (maps provided); planning implications; services implications; changes in and consequences of the current accessibility and utilisation of residential care. The paper concludes with an examination of the implications of these changes of the structure of residential care and the lifestyle of individual elderly people.
Population Geography and Ageing in Britain and France Research and Applied Issues
Authors: Warnes Anthony M.
Published: November 2011

This concluding paper reflects upon the proceedings and principal findings of the symposium, and offers a personal assessment of the implications of population ageing during the second half of the twentieth century on France and the United Kingdom. The importance of issues such as the progress of late age mortality improvement and the changing patterns of elderly people's migrations are stressed. A number of applid issues are also discussed, such as the relationship between elderly population numbers, health ratings, and health and social service demands. It is argued that the implications of population ageing are not entirely problematic or burdensome : the richness and diversity of third age lives should also be recognised and promoted.
Le vieillissement de la population : défi et contradiction. Réflexions sur les implications du phénomène
Authors: Paillat Paul
Published: November 2011

The ageing of population: challenge and contradiction.

The author specifies the content and the full dimensions of the ageing of population, after that he examines the economic, social, psycho-social and demographic implications, at the national, then local level. He emphasizes that continuing to apply the rules of a young society to an old society is a contradiction.
La géographie des clubs du troisième âge en France
Authors: Delamarre A.
Published: November 2011

A geography of the third-age clubs in France.

Inequalities of third-age clubs are shown at the départemental level. The influence of aged people distribution is measured by multiple regression analysis. It is suggested that regional specificities (residuals) possibly result of an unequal diffusion of a new representation of old age.
Élections et électorats en Espagne. Comportements électoraux et sociétés en Espagne.
Authors: Herin Robert
Published: November 2011

Elections and electorates in Spain. Electoral behaviours and regional societies in Spain.

Since 1976, the Spaniards have had to vote ten times or so. The four successive general elections have strengthened the preeminence of the two political trends: the Socialist Party on the left, the Democrat Centre Union then the Popular Alliance, which is more conservative, on the right. As was already the case in 1936, the left-wing parties, whose social basis is mainly among the working and the urban classes, are in the majority in Southern Spain. The right-wing parties have the edge in the Old Castille and Galicia which are the most rural and church-going regions in the country. Momentous in Catalonia and the Basque country, the influence of the autonomist parties irregularly affects all the social levels.
Les ménages étrangers en France : évolution et disparités spatiales
Authors: Guillon Michelle
Published: November 2011

La proportion des étrangers qui vivent dans les « ménages ordinaires » s'est accrue entre 1975 et 1982. En même temps, la taille des ménages dont la personne de référence est étrangère a augmenté. Ce double accroissement s'explique par l'importance du regroupement familial alors que l'immigration de travailleurs s'est fortement ralentie. Les étrangers, et notamment ceux qui viennent du continent africain, vivent plus rarement avec d'autres travailleurs (foyers) ou seuls, plus fréquemment avec leur famille.

La taille moyenne des ménages étrangers a augmenté tandis que diminuait celle des ménages français. Elle est très fortement liée à la composition par nationalités. Une typologie, établie à partir du nombre de ménages français et étrangers selon la taille dans les agglomérations de plus de 100000 habitants permet de mettre en valeur la diversité des combinaisons dans l'espace français.