bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six Days in Plastic: Potentiality, Normalization, and In Vitro Embryos in the Postgenomic Age
Authors: Moll Tessa
Published: April 2022

Part of the normalization of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) is the premise that the children born from in vitro fertilization (IVF) are no different from their counterparts conceived spontaneously. However, interest in peri-conception health and new epigenetic understandings of biological plasticity has led to some questioning the presumed irrelevance of conception in vitro, and when doing so, describing IVF children as “apparently healthy.” Taking “apparently” and “healthy” seriously, this article explores how modes of attention—ways of naming and framing embryo potentiality—shape understandings of health and normality. I contend that understanding the politics of potentiality, and how they may emerge in a postgenomic age, requires an unpacking of various modes of attention and framing. Ethnographic findings from South Africa’s fertility clinics and emerging literature on epigenetic variation in IVF conception demonstrate how, under a genetic mode of attention, IVF clinics views “abnormality” as fated, unviable, and discardable. Exploring the possibility of answering the postgenomic questions to IVF reveals structural challenges to knowing long-term health implications. Incipient attempts within the fertility clinic at managing these questions shows various strategic techniques, such as leveraging epigenetics to marketable ends and shifts to individual responsibility.
Censorship, clientelism and bureaucracy: Production cultures in Colombian state-owned media system
Authors: Castano-Echeverri Alejandra
Published: April 2022

Working conditions in the creative industries are a growing academic concern among researchers in the Global South, particularly in Latin America. However, beyond the celebratory narratives that dominate the field, more study is needed to understand the sector’s actual impact on employees’ lives. The working circumstances of state-owned television producers in Colombia are the subject of this article, as public media have long been important actors in the local creative economy. The opinions and experiences of producers are investigated using empirical evidence and survey data collected between 2014 and 2019. It is argued that precarity, an intrinsic descriptor of creative work, takes on a different hue when put into a Latin American setting, where clientelism, censorship and bureaucracy propose new contextualized understandings of creative work in a non-commercial industry and a specific national context
From user-generated content to a user-generated aesthetic: Instagram, corporate vernacularization, and the intimate life of brands
Authors: Simatzkin-Ohana Liron , Frosh Paul
Published: April 2022

This paper calls for renewed critical examination of the representational practices of commercial brands on social media, in particular their appropriation and adaptation of user-generated “amateur” or “vernacular” cultural styles. It proposes that this appropriation parallels processes of professionalization, influencer culture, and self-branding on social media. Focusing empirically on the official Instagram accounts of 12 leading fashion brands, we identify three distinctive patterns: (1) Regramming: sharing and crediting users’ photographs on the brands’ official feed; (2) Vernacular celebrity: posting the amateur-style photographs of a celebrity or model associated with the brand; (3) Brandfies: selfie-style images created by corporations where the brand appears to be a “self” performing its own representation. We argue that these appropriations position brands more fully as social beings, as tech-savvy cultural amateurs familiar with platform affordances, and as physically embodied selves. Self-branding is thus systematically complemented and brought to fulfilment by brand-“selfing.”
Constructing ‘race/ethnicity’ and nationality in Spanish media: a content analysis of international football coverage
Authors: Longas Luque Carmen , van Sterkenburg Jacco
Published: April 2022

Televised football in Spain enjoys great popularity as it is watched by millions of people every year. It has also been suggested as a site where ideas about race/ethnicity are (re)produced and national football teams have been proposed as key elements in the formation and/or confirmation of national identities. In this qualitative research we analyse the transcripts of 11 televised football matches of the Spanish national team with the goal of understanding how football commentators contribute to the construction of meanings about race/ethnicity and its intersections with nationality. Results showed how football commentators constructed racial difference by describing football players of diverse backgrounds in different ways. Furthermore, commentators made use of warlike language and national heroes in their construction of a narrative about the nation. These results will be interpreted and placed within the larger socio-historical context in the Discussion section.
Investigation of information security policy violations among oil and gas employees: A security-related stress and avoidance coping perspective
Authors: Ali Rao Faizan , Dominic PDD
Published: April 2022

Information security is one of the most crucial considerations in digitising Oil and Gas (O&G) organisations. For ensuring information security policy compliance, O&G organisations enforce heavy security requirements. The purpose of this article is to assess how O&G employees cope with stressful information security tasks and how security-related stress (SRS) is related to information security policy violations among O&G employees in developing countries. Based on the coping theory, this article develops a theoretical framework to examine O&G employees’ intention to violate information security policies. The framework is tested using a survey of 270 managers/executives from 150 Malaysian O&G organisations. The results indicated that O&G employees perceive security requirements as stressful to follow and adopt avoidance coping strategies that lead them to violate organisational information security policies. For practitioners, the study findings demonstrate the prevalence of technostress in O&G organisations and suggest alternative mechanisms to address the stressful effects of information security requirements. This article contributes to the information system security literature by testing procrastination and psychological detachment with SRS in the context of developing countries' O&G organisations’ employees and provides an understanding of how O&G employees adopt avoidance coping.
Collaborative untangling of positionality, ownership, and answerability as white researchers in indigenous spaces
Authors: Bennett Catherine , Fitzpatrick-Harnish Kate , Talbot Brent
Published: April 2022

Decentering whiteness and decolonizing educational research is not a simple matter for researchers who may (initially) be unaware of their social locations. This paper begins by describing the three authors’ individual work within indigenous populations and subsequently explores the impact of their critical journey together as a community of scholars working to decolonize their research practice. Following an overview of their individual stories, the authors share principles of ethical scholarly engagement within indigenous communities, particularly positionality, ownership, and answerability, that they hope will be valuable to others who may embark upon similar critically reflective journeys. Alongside each of these principles, they pose “unanswered questions” so as not to uphold their journey as a model, but rather to illuminate how this work is messy, challenging, eye-opening, unsettling, and ongoing. The authors conclude that it is the “methodological responsibility” of white scholars to do the ethical work to understand, untangle, and dismantle potentially harmful dispositions, orientations, and practices before engaging with indigenous communities, and suggest that such transformation may be most powerfully pursued in a purposeful and collaborative space.
Projecting current feelings into the past and future: Better current relationship quality reduces negative retrospective bias and increases positive forecasting bias
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Shimizu Justin P. K. , Royle Courtney
Published: April 2022

We examine bias in how people perceive their romantic relationship over time. Participants appraised their relationship 6 months and 1 year ago on average more negatively than they had done at the time (retrospective bias) but showed no significant mean-level forecasting bias. Higher relationship quality at the time of appraisal was linked to less negative retrospective bias but to more positive forecasting bias (Study 1). Similarly, participants who were experimentally manipulated to focus on the high relationship quality aspects in their relationship (vs. considering challenging aspects of their relationship) showed more forecasting bias and less retrospective bias (Study 2). This pattern occurred due to participants’ projecting positive current feelings onto predicted relationship quality in the future and remembered relationship quality in the past. This projection reduced the overall negative bias in recalled relationship quality for those currently perceiving higher relationship quality but increased positive bias in forecasted relationship quality.
School performance in children at the time of new-onset seizures and at long-term follow-up: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Datta Anita N. , Wong Peter K.H.
Published: April 2022

Objective

School-performance difficulties (SPD) are common in children with epilepsy. The objectives of this study were to determine if the rate of SPD in children with seizures change from seizure-onset to follow-up and differ from children with psychiatric disorders.

Methods

School-aged children who required an initial electroencephalography (EEG) test in 2016 were reviewed and separated into two groups based on the presence or absence of seizures. Developmental delay and SPD were compared between groups at initial assessment and SPD was assessed after 2–4 years of follow-up. Analysis was also performed on a sub-set of patients with psychiatric disorders.

Results

At baseline, the rate of SPD was similar between the seizure (n = 146) and non-seizure (n = 332) groups [26% vs. 27%]. At follow-up, the seizure (n = 119) group had a significantly higher rate of SPD than the non-seizure (n = 215) group (54% vs. 43%). There was no difference in the rate of SPD between the seizure (n = 119) and psychiatric (n = 69) groups at baseline (31% vs. 43%) or follow-up (54% vs. 55%).

Conclusion

Over time, children with recurrent seizures experience more SPD than children without seizures, but similar SPD to children with psychiatric disorders.
A case of complete atrioventricular block associated with primary cardiac lymphoma reversed without cardiac pacemaker implantation
Authors: Hu Bowen , Zhao Jian , Liang Xin , Ren Changzhen , Li Na , Liang Chun
Published: April 2022

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare malignant lymphoma that is characteristically confined to the heart and/or pericardium. Here, the case of a 70-year-old male patient with complete atrioventricular block (AVB) associated with PCL is presented. The patient had a 10-month history of palpitation and electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a complete AVB. Additionally, transthoracic echocardiography indicated pericardial effusion where atypical lymphoid cells were identified by pericardiocentesis. Subsequent mediastinal lymph node biopsy revealed non-germinal centre diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Therefore, a diagnosis of PCL was confirmed. As the patient’s vital signs were stable, he was prescribed chemotherapy without pacemaker implantation. After chemotherapy, the patient achieved remission and dynamic ECG demonstrated no recurrence of AVB. The present case demonstrates that although PCL initially manifesting as complete AVB is rare, this possibility should not be ignored when a new AVB without definite aetiology is encountered. In addition, if the vital signs of the patient are stable, pacemaker implantation may be postponed until the treatment effect of chemotherapy has been assessed.
Achieving person-centred care through a team-based care ecosystem approach
Authors: Docherty Marcia A. , Richard Myrianne P.
Published: April 2022

The implementation of Person-Centred Care (PCC) by primary care teams is complex. Framed through the Quadruple Aim, successful healthcare system redesigns result in improved health outcomes of individuals and populations, reduce costs, and ensure an engaged and productive workforce. However, how can primary care teams achieve the Quadruple Aim? This article provides a learning and performance framework to support PCC through a Team-Based Care (TBC) ecosystem approach. We developed our approach using action research to improve TBC orientations, workshops, and consultations for teams and their leaders in Urgent Primary Care Centres and Primary Care Networks in Canada. This paper provides a synthesis of our experience in the context of the relevant evidence. We aim to share our efforts and acknowledge that our experience is still ongoing and complemented by ongoing improvement activities by others in the TBC ecosystem.
Infertility and Pregnancy Loss in Doctoral Education: Understanding Students’ Experiences
Authors: Mirick Rebecca G. , Wladkowski Stephanie P.
Published: April 2022

Women enter doctoral programs at higher numbers than ever before, earning half the doctoral degrees in the United States. Some women doctoral students experience pregnancy and parenthood during their studies. As infertility and pregnancy loss are common occurrences, likely many women doctoral students encountered these reproductive challenges as well. This research study ( N = 328) explores the experiences of women doctoral students who experience infertility, fertility treatment, and pregnancy loss. Participants described the influence of these experiences on their doctoral education, productivity, and professional development, the institutional resources available to support them, and the gaps in supports. Women who accessed fertility treatment reported more of an impact on productivity and more desired institutional supports than those who experienced infertility without treatment or pregnancy loss. The implications of these findings are discussed, including the use of the mentoring relationship to support women doctoral students, the role of grief, and the creation of formal institutional policies that explicitly address these types of circumstances, allowing for accommodations such as flexibility and class absences.
Americans’ Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Preventive and Mitigation Behaviors and Implications for Public Health Communication
Authors: Thompson Jessica , Squiers Linda , Frasier Alicia M. , Bann Carla M. , Bevc Christine A. , MacDonald Pia D. M. , McCormack Lauren A.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Identifying drivers of behavior is essential to develop effective messaging around COVID-19 prevention and mitigation. Our study assessed for behavioral antecedents of social distancing, wearing face coverings, and sheltering in place during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although ours is an early assessment, understanding motivation for behavior will remain critical as U.S. vaccination uptake has stalled and variants continue to pose a health threat.

Design

Cross-sectional survey; Setting: Online assessments in April 10–13 and 17–20, 2020; Subjects: 2,279 U.S. adults identified through a national, probability-based web panel (34% response rate). Measures: self-reported behavior, perceived effectiveness and risk, worry, social norms, and knowledge.

Analysis

Multivariable regression analyses

Results

Most Americans reported social distancing (91%) and sheltering in place (86%). Just over half reported wearing face coverings (51%), whereas more (77%) said they intended to do so. Perceived effectiveness of the behavior was consistently associated with each outcome (OR = 2.34, 1.40, 2.11, respectively; all P < .01). Perceptions about the extent to which others should comply with behavior (social norms) were strongly associated with intentions to wear a face covering only (OR = 6.30, 95% CI 4.34-9.15; P < .001) and worry about getting COVID-19 was associated with sheltering in place and social distancing (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.15–5.00; 4.91, 95% CI 1.66, 14.50, respectively; all P < .05).

Conclusion

Behavioral constructs were strongly associated with COVID-19 preventive and mitigation behaviors and have implications for communication.
Use of Sodium Bicarbonate Purge Solution in Impella Devices for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Al-Ayoubi Adnan M. , Bhavsar Kinnari , Hobbs Ryan A. , Smith Katharyn L. , Lee Leonard Y. , Ikegami Hirohisa , Singhal Arun K.
Published: April 2022

Heparin purge solution is recommended to be used in Impella devices to prevent biomaterial buildup and subsequent device dysfunction. The use of sodium bicarbonate purge solution in an Impella device is described in two patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The first case details a patient with severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock who had an Impella CP placed who developed HIT. Heparin purge solution was replaced by sodium bicarbonate purge solution in addition to systemic direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) initiation. There was no significant change in Impella purge pressure or flow over the 13 days of Impella use. The second case describes a patient who developed an acute myocardial infarction and subsequent cardiogenic shock for which an Impella CP was placed who also developed HIT. Heparin purge solution was replaced by sodium bicarbonate purge solution. There was no significant change in purge pressure, flow, or motor current spikes over 11 days of use. In conclusion, we describe the successful use of a novel sodium bicarbonate purge solution utilized in patients with HIT for Impella management alone and in combination with systemic direct thrombin inhibitor therapy. This resulted in no protein deposition in the device gaps or device dysfunction.
Tracking changes in grinding wheel condition using reduced features of acoustic emission signals
Authors: Guo Bi , Shan Liu , Lian Zhou
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a universal method is proposed to accurately identify wheel state during grinding brittle materials. In contrast with conventional methods relying on adequate repetitive experimental data under the same process conditions, only history acoustic emission (AE) data in the same life cycle of a grinding wheel are needed for current wheel state identification. During grinding process, AE spectra samples are acquired sequentially on a series of nodes with equal interval. Samples on each node are categorized into the same class of wheel state. In the theoretical part, AE spectrum is proved to be suitable for feature representation of the degradation of wheel condition. Linear discriminant analysis is used to project AE spectra samples into a two-dimensional feature space, and the changes of the projection gives a clue to the evolution of wheel state. Two types of commonly used diamond wheels for optical surface grinding, which are straight wheel and cup wheel, were used to verify the general applicability of the method. The experiments were carried out on different machine tools and the two wheels also possessed different degradation process, yet for all of them, the evolution of wheel state can be accurately identified. It was proved that the proposed method can adaptively trace wear stage change of diamond grinding wheel.
A comparative study on cutting forces and power consumption in plain and ultrasonic vibration helical milling of AISI 1020 steel
Authors: Rao Kaki Venkata , Prasad Vookoti Uma Sai Vara , Ben Beera Satish
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to implement a sustainable machining method to improve energy efficiency in helical milling (HM) of AISI 1020. Therefore, ultrasonic vibration is integrated with conventional helical milling to reduce cutting forces. A model was developed for power consumption in terms of cutting forces in x, y and z directions, tangential and axial feed speeds. Series of plain and ultrasonic vibration helical milling (UVHM) experiments are conducted using 10 and 8 mm diameter mill cutters at different working conditions and experimental results for cutting forces are collected. Formation of chip and its geometry are investigated using the cutting trajectories of the bottom cutting edges of the cutter. Cutting forces and power consumption are estimated related to chip geometry in plain and UVHM processes and compared. In UVHM, the axial force is reduced by around 47% as the ultrasonic vibration is applied in the axial direction and the power consumption is reduced by 34%. The results showed that ultrasonic vibration has a significant effect on chip morphology, cutting force and power consumption, indicating that ultrasonic vibration assisted machining has a wide application in manufacturing. The process parameters are optimised as 2000 rpm of cutter rotational speed, 156 rpm of cutter orbital speed and 0.3 mm of axial depth of cut using 8 mm diameter cutter and the chip thickness, chip depth and power consumption are found to be 0.3969 mm, 0.2665 mm and 835.6 W respectively at optimal working condition.
Research on Optimization of car door closing sound quality based on the integration of structural simulation and test
Authors: Ding Fei , Xie Wutong , Xie Xiaoping
Published: April 2022

People’s primary impression of the sound quality of a car usually comes from door closing sound, which brings the direct subjective feelings to customers. This article obtains a sample library of the sound of closing doors, conducts subjective evaluation and extracts objective evaluation parameters. The correlation between subjective and objective evaluation parameters is analyzed in this study. Then the Back Propagation (BP) neural network and support vector machine (SVM) prediction model is established with loudness and sharpness as inputs and subjective evaluation results as outputs. After comprehensive comparison, support vector machine prediction model with better training effect is used to predict the sound quality of door closing. Subsequently, the finite element model (FEM) and boundary element model (BEM) of automobile door are established for door closing sound simulation. The acceleration of the door obtained from the finite element simulation analysis is taken as the boundary condition, which is imported into the BEM of the door. The frequency domain diagram of the sound pressure of the car door is obtained using the boundary element method. The loudness and sharpness are extracted from the sound pressure diagram. They are imported into SVM prediction model to obtain the evaluation value of door closing sound quality. Eventually, the experimental research on the vibration and noise of car door closing is carried out. The acoustic signals obtained from the experiment and simulation are compared to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. After completing the above verification, from the perspective of sound quality, the sound quality of the door closing is improved by optimizing the structure of the door inner panel. Since then, a set of flow from door closing sound quality simulation to optimization to evaluation and prediction has been established. It provides an important reference for related research.
Recognition of abnormal car door noise based on multi-scale feature fusion
Authors: Wang Xiaolan , Song Yongchao , Su Lili , Wang Yansong , Pan Zuofeng
Published: April 2022

To accurately identify the abnormal door-closing noise, we propose a method to recognize the time-frequency image of door closing sound based on a multi-scale feature fusion network model. The door-closing sound signal is transformed into a time-frequency image through wavelet analysis, and a classification model based on multi-scale feature fusion is designed. The model introduces multi-scale filters and dilated convolution and adds two improved inception modules to keep the model lightweight. At the same time, richer spatial features can be obtained. The features of different scales are spliced and input to the fully connected layer, and a dropout layer is added to the fully connected layer to suppress overfitting. By comparing the loss and accuracy rate, adjusting different hyperparameters, the optimal model is obtained. The experimental results show that the multi-scale feature fusion network model has a higher accuracy rate than the transfer learning model. Test accuracy rate is 86% and can effectively recognize abnormal door-closing noise. It provides a feasible theoretical basis for the direction of abnormal door noise recognition.
Regional Convergence in Agricultural Sector Growth in North-eastern Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Ummed , Aneja Ranjan
Published: April 2022

The present study is an attempt to analyse the district-level disparity in agriculture sector development in north-eastern Rajasthan across 11 districts. To measure the regional disparities and identify the factors underlying the convergence or divergence in agriculture sector development the coefficient of variation (CV) and agriculture development index have been computed. District-wise agricultural development index (ADI) has been constructed for two cross-section years 2005–2006 and 2017–2018, and districts have been classified into three development categories on the basis of values of indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used. To identify the factors and their impact underlying the convergence or divergence in agriculture sector development, the multiple regression technique has been applied. The study finds wide disparities in level of development in agriculture sector across the districts. However, disparities have reduced during the period 2005–2006 to 2017–2018. The study suggests that policymakers should stress on irrigation facilities, farm inputs supply, road connectivity and R&D in agricultural inputs for raising the agriculture sector productivity and income in less-developed districts. Committed and well-planned measures on the part of the policymakers are needed if the development policy is to be made truly inclusive in the state.
Impact of Palliative Care in End-of-Life of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Patients
Authors: Chai Gin Tsen , Neo Han Yee , Abisheganaden John , Hum Allyn Yin Mei
Published: April 2022

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with poor quality of life (QoL) and high symptom burden. Studies evaluating the benefits of palliative care examined mainly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. We aim to examine the impact of palliative care on a broader group of fibrotic ILD patients. Methods: Single center retrospective cohort study comparing deceased ILD patients who received outpatient palliative care services (palliative-intervention group) against a usual care group. Results: Of 63 subjects, 26 (41%) were in the palliative-intervention group and 37 (59%) in the usual care group. Median time to palliative care referral was 8.6 (IQR .3–21.2) months. Dyspnea-related disability was greater in the palliative-intervention group [mMRC dyspnea score 3.5(IQR 2–4) vs 2(IQR 2–4), P = .039], with more patients requiring long term oxygen therapy (70% vs 30%, P < .001). There was no difference in the median number of hospitalizations or length of stay in the last 6 months of life. Patients in the palliative-intervention group had a higher uptake of advance care planning (ACP) (39% vs 11%, P = .014), lower frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (5% vs 19%, P = .102) and were prescribed more opioids (96% vs 27%, P < .001) and benzodiazepines (39% vs 14%, P = .022). The palliative-intervention group experienced a longer median survival of 23.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.1–33.7) compared to the usual group (11.4 months [95% CI 5.4–17.3] (log-rank test: P = .023). Male gender was a strong predictor of 1-year mortality. Conclusions: The palliative-intervention group received earlier pharmacologic intervention for symptom relief. Healthcare utilization was not increased despite greater dyspnea-related disability.
Primary Spindle Cell Sarcoma of the Lung with MGA::NUTM1 Fusion: An Extremely Rare Case of a Potentially Emerging Entity and Review of the Literature
Authors: Georgantzoglou Natalia , Aghighi Maryam , Cote Gregory , Hung Yin P. , Kerr Darcy A. , Pettus Jason , Linos Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Originally described in a rare subset of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas termed NUT carcinomas, NUTM1 rearrangements are now known to characterize a wide spectrum of neoplasms including sarcomas, poromas/porocarcinomas, unclassified adnexal carcinomas and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has led to the identification of a multitude of novel fusion partners in addition to BRD4, which was initially reported in the majority of NUT carcinomas. NUTM1-rearranged sarcomas usually harbor fusions with the MAD gene family ( MXD1, MXD4, MGA) and present as spindle cell proliferations in diverse locations in patients of all ages. Herein, we present a very rare case of spindle cell sarcoma of the lung, which harbored a NUTM1::MGA fusion and offer a comprehensive update of the recent data.
Equipartition of energy in a helix
Authors: Jetti Yaswanth Sai , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin
Published: April 2022

It is well known that the kinetic and potential energies of a system governed by a linear wave equation are equipartitioned in a finite time. This result has been extended by previous researchers to several physical settings: elastodynamics, electrodynamics, and micropolar elasticity. In the case of a helix, there is a direct coupling of longitudinal and torsional wave motions due to the structure of constitutive relations. Providing that the initial conditions functions have compact support, we demonstrate that the equipartition phenomenon occurs after a finite time in this case as well—i.e. the potential energy and the kinetic energy of a helix become equal and remain constant after a finite time.
Fetal Vascular Ectasia Can be an Artifact of Placental Fixation
Authors: Katzman Philip J , Metlay Leon A
Published: April 2022

Background

Placentas from outlying hospitals are formalin-fixed en route to our laboratory. We identified that chorionic, stem villus, and umbilical vessels in these fixed placentas are ectatic with greater frequency than in our in-house fresh placentas.

Methods

We searched our LIS for third trimester placentas using keywords “ectasia” or “ectatic” over a 12-month period. We fixed incoming in-house placentas over a 2-week period for 24–72 hours and tabulated the presence or absence of vascular ectasia as defined by Parast et al, 2008.

Results

The LIS search identified 61% of placental cases from outlying hospitals that had ectatic vessels vs 3% of in-house placentas ( P < .001). Of 38 placentas fixed in a 2-week period, 45% had ectatic chorionic or stem villus vessels and 21% had umbilical vessel ectasia. In comparison, in the 2 subsequent weeks, 3.8% ( P < .001) of fresh placentas had vascular ectasia.

Conclusion

These data suggest that large fetal vessels in the placenta become engorged with blood at delivery and, if fixed soon after delivery, remain ectatic and congested when processed for pathology. The identification of artifactual ectasia is important because fetal vessel ectasia can suggest the presence of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) if diagnostic signs of FVM are present.
Integrative Analysis for Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Signatures in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Erkin Özgür Cem , Cömertpay Betül , Göv Esra
Published: April 2022

Differential expressions of certain genes during tumorigenesis may serve to identify novel manageable targets in the clinic. In this work with an integrated bioinformatics approach, we analyzed public microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to explore the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identified a total of 984 common DEGs in 252 healthy and 254 NSCLC gene expression samples. The top 10 DEGs as a result of pathway enrichment and protein–protein interaction analysis were further investigated for their prognostic performances. Among these, we identified high expressions of CDC20, AURKA, CDK1, EZH2, and CDKN2A genes that were associated with significantly poorer overall survival in NSCLC patients. On the contrary, high mRNA expressions of CBL, FYN, LRKK2, and SOCS2 were associated with a significantly better prognosis. Furthermore, our drug target analysis for these hub genes suggests a potential use of Trichostatin A, Pracinostat, TGX-221, PHA-793887, AG-879, and IMD0354 antineoplastic agents to reverse the expression of these DEGs in NSCLC patients.
From alien land to inalienable parts of China: how Qing imperial possessions became the Chinese Frontiers
Authors: Li Andy Hanlun
Published: April 2022

Scholarship on the origins of modern territoriality and the modernist conception of territory has largely been confined to Europe and its colonial histories. Few attempts have been made to understand modern territoriality from an alternative epistemic starting point. This article moves beyond critiques of Eurocentrism by examining the territorial metamorphosis of the Qing Empire to modern China. Like the United States and Russia, China has retained its early modern continental colonial possessions. In order to explain the territorialisation of the multi-ethnic Qing empire, this article engages empirically with cartographic and textual representations of China from Confucian literati scholars, European Jesuit cartographers and the Manchu imperial court from the 17th to the early 19th centuries. The empirical study shows that by the early 19th century, a new territorialised conception of ‘China’ closely resembling that of modern territoriality had emerged. This ‘modern’ and Sinocentric form of territoriality encompassed areas that were hitherto seen as foreign and non-Chinese. In opposition to the extant Eurocentric historiography, this article traces the emergence of modern territoriality in imperial China to a nexus of European cartographic techniques, Qing imperial conquests and the literati synthesis of Manchu imperial and Sinocentric forms of territoriality. By showing the deep historical processes and global entanglements behind the emergence of modern China as a territorial state, the article makes a case for a polycentric account of modern territoriality
An approach to estimate crack opening displacement in two-dimensional plain-woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite considering different matrix cracking modes
Authors: Li Longbiao
Published: April 2022

Understanding of cracking opening behavior is important for the prediction of residual strength and lifetime of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic–matrix composites at elevated temperatures. Under tensile loading below the proportional limit stress, multiple matrix cracking modes in the longitudinal and transverse yarns of a two-dimensional plain-woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite appear in the matrix with debonding at the fiber/matrix interface. Crack opening displacement is a key parameter to characterize the crack opening behavior in silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites and is affected by the multiple matrix cracking modes. In this article, a damage-based micromechanical crack opening displacement model for two-dimensional plain-woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites is developed considering different matrix cracking modes. Two typical matrix cracking modes in a two-dimensional plain-woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite, that is, cracking mode III with cracking in the matrix of the longitudinal and transverse yarns and cracking mode V with cracking only in the matrix of the longitudinal yarns, are considered. Micro stress field in the fiber, matrix of the longitudinal yarns, and transverse yarns are obtained. The crack opening displacement and related damage parameters are determined. Relationships between composite's crack opening displacement, constitutive properties, woven parameters, and damage state are established. Experimental crack opening displacements of cracking modes III and V in a two-dimensional plain-woven melt-infiltration silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite from the published literature are predicted. For cracking mode III with partial interface debonding, the crack opening displacement increased nonlinearly with applied stress; and for cracking mode V with complete interface debonding, the crack opening displacement increased linearly with applied stress.
Comparing national identity discourses in history, geography and civic education curricula: The case of France and Ireland
Authors: Sautereau Adrien , Faas Daniel
Published: April 2022

National identities have been challenged by European integration, globalisation, migration and regionalisation. More recently, there has been a resurgence of nationhood and national identity which begs the question how education systems, and curricula in particular, are responding to this. This article explores how national identity is reflected in history, geography and civic education curricula in France and Ireland. More specifically, it examines how national, European and international aspects are intertwined in these state curricula. This question is explored through a case study of curriculum units and subunits as well as discourses of how identity is being promoted in the curriculum. Our analysis highlights that French curricula privilege national topics, especially in history and civic education, whereas Irish curricula veer between national, European and international (global) notions. Our analysis explores the extent to which macro-political discourses around national identity are reflected in the shaping of the subject curricula in two countries. While the article focuses on France and Ireland, the discussions are also of interest to other jurisdictions regarding the civic expectations and role of schools in promoting national (or other) identities.
Teacher experiences of facilitating play in early childhood classrooms during COVID-19
Authors: O’Keeffe Christina , McNally Sinead
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic posed major challenges for the lives of children in terms of school closures, loss of routine, reduced social contact, bereavement and trauma. The pandemic also gave rise to a focus on play as a fundamental support for children’s wellbeing. This study examined early childhood teachers’ reported practices of using play upon returning to school in Ireland after lockdown restrictions which included a 6-month period of school closures. Building on previous research on play in early childhood education during the early stages of the pandemic, 12 primary school teachers in early childhood classrooms (children aged 3–8 years) participated in focus groups aimed at exploring teachers’ experiences of using play upon returning to in-class teaching. Through reflexive thematic analysis of the focus groups, four themes were identified that encapsulated teachers’ experiences: play in the classroom embodied similar characteristics and qualities during COVID-19 as before the pandemic; play was considered a priority in early childhood education classrooms; teachers planned carefully for facilitating play in the classroom in response to COVID-19 regulations; teachers’ noted the importance of the social and relational components of play for children in the context of COVID-19 regulations. For educational policy, these findings highlight play as a ‘go-to’ strategy by teachers for supporting children in formal education during a pandemic and suggest play is a well-established context that can be used in educational policies to support children’s learning, especially during and after times of crises.
Living bioethics, theories and children’s consent to heart surgery
Authors: Alderson Priscilla , Bowman Deborah , Brierley Joe , Dedieu Nathalie , Elliott Martin J , Montgomery Jonathan , Wellesley Hugo
Published: April 2022

Background

This analysis is about practical living bioethics and how law, ethics and sociology understand and respect children’s consent to, or refusal of, elective heart surgery. Analysis of underlying theories and influences will contrast legalistic bioethics with living bioethics. In-depth philosophical analysis compares social science traditions of positivism, interpretivism, critical theory and functionalism and applies them to bioethics and childhood, to examine how living bioethics may be encouraged or discouraged. Illustrative examples are drawn from research interviews and observations in two London paediatric cardiac units. This paper is one of a series on how the multidisciplinary cardiac team members all contribute to the complex mosaic of care when preparing and supporting families’ informed consent to surgery.

Results

The living bioethics of justice, care and respect for children and their consent depends on theories and practices, contexts and relationships. These can all be undermined by unseen influences: the history of adult-centric ethics; developmental psychology theories; legal and financial pressures that require consent to be defined as an adult contract; management systems and daily routines in healthcare that can intimidate families and staff; social inequalities. Mainstream theories in the clinical ethics literature markedly differ from the living bioethics in clinical practices.

Conclusion

We aim to contribute to raising standards of respectful paediatric bioethics and to showing the relevance of virtue and feminist ethics, childhood studies and children’s rights.
High-linearity, ultralow-detection-limit, and rapid-response strain sensing yarn for data gloves
Authors: Huang Fei , Hu Jiyong , Yan Xiong , Meng Fenye
Published: April 2022

Highly integrated, low-cost and multi-functional electronic data gloves have attracted extensive attention in the Age of the Internet of Things. While significant progress has been made in the design of strain sensors with wide strain ranges, it is challenging to integrate high linearity, broad strain sensing range, and fast response into a single type of strain sensor, and these sensing properties play a critical role in the development of high-performance data gloves. Herein, this study presents a highly flexible, stretchable, and sensitive silver nanoparticles/double covered yarn (AgNPs/DCY) composite yarn, and this yarn as strain sensor achieves broad strain sensing range (50%), ultralow detection limit (0.05%), high linear sensitivity (GF = 10), instant response time (24 ms) and high repeatability, simultaneously. Interestingly, the AgNPs of the AgNPs/DCY composite yarns fabricated by in situ reduction are observed to not only evenly distributed on the fiber surface of DCY, but also within core fiber, and this distribution and the DCY structure; that is, the cooperative sensing effect of microcrack propagation of conductive layer on fibers and the electrical contact resistance contributes to the good sensing performance. Additionally, this composite yarn as strain sensor is invisibly integrated into textile data gloves and the capability of real-time monitoring various finger motions and effectively recognizing sign languages demonstrates the good sensing performance and practicability of the developed composite yarn. Therefore, the composite yarn as strain sensor has great prospects in wearable electronics.
The impact of different playing surfaces on physiological parameters in collegiate DI American football athletes
Authors: Wardenaar Floris C. , Vento Kaila A. , Ortega-Santos Carmen P , Connolly John , Vanos Jennifer K
Published: April 2022

Heat conditioning aids in acclimatization to support health and performance, yet heat safety is an important factor. This quasi-experimental pilot study investigated differences in micro-environmental conditions and physiological outcomes in n = 5 Division I collegiate American football players over different playing surfaces during summertime in the southwest U.S. Participants performed three practice sessions on hot days (∼33°C): outdoors on artificial turf (AT) and natural grass (NG); and an indoor dome (ID). Microclimate parameters, including net radiative fluxes, and physiological markers (core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate, and hydration) were continuously and simultaneously monitored. Microclimate conditions varied across the three environments. Outdoors, the largest differences were observed in surface temperatures between AT and NG (67.0°C and 32.8°C, respectively), resulting in higher emitted longwave radiation (infrared heat), slightly increasing air temperatures. Indoors, the lack of radiation lessened the overall heat load, yet higher humidity and lower airflow were observed. Physiologically, similar baseline Tc and Tsk and self-reported heat stress levels were recorded. During exercise, a significantly higher Tsk value was found on the AT (higher heat load), followed by the NG (moderate) and ID (lowest). The same pattern was reflected in Tc, RPE, and self-reported heat stress, even with lower solar radiation on AT. No differences between environments were reported for estimated energy expenditure, pre/post-body weight, bodyweight loss, fluid intake, or sweat rate. Small changes in microclimates affect overall heat loads and measured and perceived heat stress, which coaches can use in decision-making for session type, heat safety, and/or acclimatization goals.
Rule-directed and discovery learning in SCUBA-diving
Authors: Möller Fabian , Hoffmann Uwe , Steinberg Fabian , Vogt Tobias
Published: April 2022

Time efficiency is crucial when teaching SCUBA-diving with limited practice time. Safety skills must be learned with sufficient quality and still be mastered after long breaks and in critical situations. We hypothesized a rule-directed learning approach (RL), which provides the learners with information on the best way to perform a skill, to show good initial results but less stability over time. Discovery learning (DL), which enables learners to experience more variability and to find individual solutions, might support greater stability over time and higher robustness to stress and fatigue.

25 beginners (age:22.5 ± 2.7; 5 females) were randomly assigned to RL (N = 13) or DL (N = 12) and received the same general criteria for successful deployment of a surface marker buoy. Only RL got additional visual presentation and explicit instructions. Six acquisition trials were conducted. Three evaluation trials were performed, video-recorded, and independently rated for water-position/trim, time, and safety-aspects (Pre). Another three rated trials were performed after 45 (±5) days without further practice (Retention).

Safety performance was rated higher for RL both during Pre (P < 0.001) and Retention (P < 0.001), but RL took significantly more time during Pre (P < 0.001) and Retention (P < 0.001) and reported a significantly higher perceived performance quality during Retention (P = 0.014) compared to DL. Trim performance improved for RL and deteriorated for DL from Pre to Retention.

Performance quality in unique aspects of the new skill seems to benefit more from explicit instructions with a detriment for speed. The suspected higher learning for DL and robust performance in the Retention test could not be observed.