bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social media and tourism promotion: the case of travelmarketers facebook fan pages after Nepal earthquake
Authors: Karn Arodh Lal , Karna Rakshha Kumari
Published: May 2019

Purpose – the purpose of this research is to systematically understand the behavioral and emotional aspects of potential tourists and investigated the conceptual model in the context of the travel marketers’ (TMs) facebook fan pages.

Research methodology – the present study performed the two-step SEM approach suggested. the first step involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which was used to validate scales for the measurement of specific constructs proposed in a research model and SEM followed.

Findings – the supportive part of the conceptual framework studied how the cognitive (information source, social interaction ties, design characteristics) and effective (entertainment) factors influenced attitudes.

Research limitations – the key limitation of this topic may belong to the propensity of the sample to embody the population. This also has a certain influence on SEM exploration.

Practical implications – this study provides important guidelines for fan pages’ designers and marketers in the tourism sector especially during the time of destination image crisis.

Originality/Value – this research was the earliest to relate the prototype willingness model on travel and tourism Facebook fan pages. In a sense, this research offers a basis for acclimating the prototype willingness model to the touristry social media setting.
A Triple Origin for Twin Blue Stragglers in Close Binaries
Authors: Zwart Simon Portegies , Leigh Nathan W. C.
Published: May 2019

We propose that twin blue stragglers (BSs) in compact binaries evolve through mass transfer from a giant outer tertiary companion on to the inner binary. We apply this scenario to the twin BS binary WOCS ID 7782 in the old open cluster NGC 188. This binary has two comparable-mass main-sequence stars in a ≲10 days almost circular (e ≲ 0.1) orbit. Our theoretical arguments are supported by simulations of an inner binary that accretes from an outer Roche-lobe overfilling star using the Astrophysical Multipurpose Software Environment. At least 80% of the tertiary’s liberated mass accretes onto the inner binary via a circumbinary disk, turning both stars into BSs. Relatively stable mass transfer occurs for donors with ∼1.4 M
⊙ that overfill their Roche lobe before ascending the asymptotic giant branch. The system is best reproduced if this tertiary is in an 220–1100 days orbit around an inner binary composed of an 1.1 M
⊙ primary and a m
2 = 0.7–0.9 M
⊙ secondary in an 8.6–24 days orbit. The tertiary eventually turns into a 0.43–0.54 M
⊙ white dwarf in a relatively wide ≳5.8 yr orbit. The scenario is generic, but requires some fine-tuning to achieve parameters comparable to WOCS ID 7782. We predict that twin BSs formed through mass transfer from a Roche-lobe overfilling tertiary are generally comparable in mass with aligned spins, which are in turn aligned with the tertiary white dwarf’s orbit. If the two inner stars were initially unequal in mass the less massive star will accrete more, becoming more enhanced in CNO-processed material.
Fluctuations in population abundance in two anurans from Central Serbia
Authors: Jovanović Bogdan , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka
Published: May 2019

We monitored the population size of the agile frog (Ranadalmatina) and the common toad (Bufobufo) from 2011 or 2012, respectively, to the year 2017 at a syntopic breeding site in the vicinity of Belgrade. Adult R.dalmatina population size had minor fluctuations during the years of study (from 351 to 108 frogs). On the contrary, the adult B.bufo population was widely fluctuating towards decline (from 1158 to 141 toads). In both species, population fluctuations were not significantly related to variation of meteorological parameters (air temperature, humidity, precipitation). Density dependence effects on population size were not detected in either species. Apart from possible effects of climate change, the indicated trend towards decline of the monitored B.bufo population could also be the outcome of common population fluctuations or of increasing anthropogenic impact (vicinity of settlement and agricultural land). More years of monitoring more than one population are required to obtain precise information. Nevertheless, our results seem to be coherent with other studies that recommend conservation action for this species.
A case of communal egg-laying of Gonatodes albogularis (Sauria, Sphaerodactylidae) in bromeliads (Poales, Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Carvajal-Ocampo Valentina de los Ángeles , Ángel-Vallejo María Camila , Gutiérrez-Cárdenas Paul David Alfonso , Ospina-Bautista Fabiola , Estévez Varón Jaime Vicente
Published: May 2019

The Neotropical Yellow-Headed Gecko Gonatodesalbogularis commonly use cavities in the trees as a microhabitat for egg-laying. Here, we present the first record of this species in Colombia using the tank bromeliad Tillandsiaelongata as nesting sites, along with the occurrence of communal egg-laying in that microhabitat.
Multiple Perspective of Cloud Computing Adoption Determinants in Higher Education a Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Mohammed Banu
Published: May 2019

Cloud computing has become a major talking point in recent times. An innovation such as cloud computing for higher education institutions (HEI) can be a cost effective means to operate their IT systems effectively without having to spend vast amounts of money on developing their IT infrastructure. HEIs also face the burden of several challenges e.g. limited infrastructure resources and IT budget, as well as limited teaching staff, technical experts, and IT skilled personnel. With support from a systematic literature review approach, this article identifies the key determinants of cloud adoption from a technological, organisational, environmental and personal perspectives. A total of 17 cloud adoption studies in the HEI context and their respected models from the period of 2012 to 2017 are reviewed and discussed. The findings suggest a lack of cloud adoption studies in the HEI domain from multiple perspectives, particularly in relation to the wider socio-technical concerns related to cloud adoption and future studies related to this research gap are deliberated.
Analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over Chiangrai and Phayao
Authors: Saengrattanayon Chanattha , Panthong Nuttapong , Phunthirawuthi Parwapath , Kirtsaeng Sukrit
Published: May 2019

Drought indices analysis plays a vital role in flood and drought monitoring and early warning, which is a main responsibility of Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), especially the basins that are limited in use o¬¬f water resources such as Kok and Ing river basins. This study aims to analyze drought situations utilized Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at Chiangrai and Phayao provinces (located Kok and Ing basins). Both observed data, precipitation and temperature, are used for calculation (data in between 1951-2018 for Chiangrai and 1981-2018 for Phayao). The result shows that SPEI can determine drought probability and its potential impact in the observed area. This study could be applied to drought monitoring over other basins.
Matching Impedances Fresnel Equations Calculation for Layered Optical Structures
Authors: Pechprasarn Suejit , Suvarnaphaet Phitsini , Albutt Naphat
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we demonstrate that Fresnel equations simulation for multilayer optical structures can be speeded up using impedance matching together with run once use many times concept as an optical responses database. The Fresnel equations can be solved by calculating reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient for each interface of the simulated structure and propagate the reflected waves and transmitted waves through the incident medium or the exiting medium using either scattering matrix approach or transfer matrix approach. If the structure parameter changes, such as, thickness of a layer in the structure change or the sequence of the layer changes, these require another set of Fresnel equations calculation. Here each of the layers are calculated separately with two semi-infinite layers with a fixed refractive index value sandwiched the two sides of the simulated layer. The reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient for each layer can be then stored as a layer database. Different databases can be cascaded in any layer order to calculate a reflection or transmission responses of the layered structure.
Unilateral fenestrated A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery multiple aneurysms: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Mamadaliev Dilshod , Kato Yoko , Talari Sandeep , Mewada Tushit , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kei Yamashiro , Kawase Tsukasa
Published: May 2019

The fenestration of the cerebral arteries is infrequent anomaly mostly occurring in the posterior communicating artery, the vertebral artery, the basilar artery, and the middle cerebral artery.[1] We report a case of unilateral A1 fenestration associated saccular aneurysm, focusing on its features of surgical treatment.
The role of transcranial doppler in traumatic brain injury: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fatima Nida , Shuaib Ashfaq , Chughtai Talat , Ayyad Ali , Saqqur Maher
Published: May 2019

To evaluate whether transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring plays a role as a prognostic indicator, by being both a diagnostic as well as a monitoring tool for increased intracranial pressure and cerebral vasospasm (VSP), in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electronic databases and gray literature (unpublished articles) were searched under different MeSH terms from 1990 to the present. Randomized control trials, case–control studies, and prospective cohort studies on TCD in TBI (>18 years old). Clinical outcome measures included Glasgow Coma Outcome Scale (GCOS) and Extended GCOS and mortality. Data were extracted to Review Manager Software. Twenty-five articles that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved and analyzed. Ultimately, five studies were included in our meta-analysis, which revealed that patients with TBI with abnormal TCD (mean flow velocity [MFV] >120 cm/sec or MFV <35 cm/sec and Pulsatility Index >1.2) have a >3-fold higher likelihood of having poor clinical outcome in comparison to patients with TBI and normal TCD monitoring (odds ratio [OR]: 3.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.97–5.04; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed that abnormal TCD has a 9-fold higher likelihood of mortality (OR: 9.96; 95% CI: 4.41–22.47; P < 0.00001). Further, subgroup analysis based on TCD findings revealed that the presence of hypoperfusion on TCD (middle cerebral artery [MCA] <35 cm/s) is associated with a three-fold higher likelihood of having poor functional outcome (OR: 3.72; 95% CI: 1.97–7.0; P < 0.0001). The presence of VSP (MCA >120 cm/s) is associated with three-fold higher likelihood of poor functional outcome (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 1.55–8.52; P = 0.003). TCD is an evolving diagnostic tool that might play a role in determining the prognosis of patients with TBI. Further prospective study is needed to prove the role of TCD in TBI.
Consistent systems of linear differential and difference equations
Authors: Schäfke Reinhard , Singer Michael F.
Published: May 2019

We consider systems of linear differential and difference equations

\delta Y(x)/dx = A(x) Y(x), \: \sigma s(Y(x)) = B(x)Y(x)

with

\delta = \frac{d}{dx}

,

\sigma

a shift operator

\sigma(x) = x+a

,

q

-dilation operator

\sigma(x) = qx

or Mahler operator

\sigma(x) = x^p

and systems of two linear difference equations

\sigma_1 Y(x) =A(x)Y(x), \: \sigma_2 Y(x) =B(x)Y(x)

with

(\sigma_1,\sigma_2)

a sufficiently independent pair of shift operators, pair of

q

-dilation operators or pair of Mahler operators. Here

A(x)

and

B(x)

are

n\times n

matrices with rational function entries. Assuming a consistency hypothesis, we show that such systems can be reduced to a system of a very simple form. Using this we characterize functions satisfying two linear scalar differential or difference equations with respect to these operators. We also indicate how these results have consequences both in the theory of automatic sets, leading to a new proof of Cobham's Theorem, and in the Galois theories of linear difference and differential equations, leading to hypertranscendence results.
Kinetics of the OH + NO2 reaction: Rate coefficients (217–333 K, 16–1200 mbar) and fall-off parameters for N2 and O2 bath-gases
Authors: Amedro Damien , Bunkan Arne J. C. , Berasategui Matias , Crowley John N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The radical terminating, termolecular reaction between OH and NO2 exerts great influence on the NOy / NOx ratio and O3 formation in the atmosphere. Evaluation panels (IUPAC and NASA) recommend rate coefficients for this reaction that disagree by as much as a factor 1.6 at low temperature and pressure. In this work, the title reaction was studied by pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence over the pressure range 16–1200 mbar and temperature 217–333 K in N2 bath-gas, with experiments at 295 K (67–333 mbar) for O2. In-situ measurement of NO2 using two optical-absorption set-ups enabled generation of highly precise, accurate rate coefficients in the fall-off pressure range, appropriate for atmospheric conditions. We found, in agreement with previous work, that O2 bath-gas has a lower collision efficiency than N2 with a relative collision efficiency to N2 of 0.74. Using the widely used Troe-type formulation for termolecular reactions we present a new set of parameters with k0(N2) = 2.6 × 10−30 cm6 molecule−2 s−1, k0(O2) = 2.0 × 10−30 cm6 molecule−2 s−1, m = 3.6, k∞ = 6.3 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, Fc = 0.39 and compare our results to previous studies in N2 and O2 bath-gases.
Is the photochemistry activity weak during haze events? – A novel exploration on the photoinduced heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on mineral dust
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Yangyang , Deng Yue , Cheng Hanyun , Yang Yang , Feng Yiqing , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Fang Xiaozhong , Dong Xu , Li Kejian , Ajmal Saira , Bacha Aziz-Ur-Rahim , Nabi Iqra , Fu Hongbo , Zhang Liwu , Chen Jianmin
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Despite the increased awareness of heterogeneous reaction on mineral dust, the knowledge of how the intensity of solar irradiation influences the photochemistry activity remains a crucially important part in atmospheric research. Relevant studies have not seriously discussed the photochemistry under weak sunlight during haze, and thus ignored some underlying pollution and toxicity. Here, we investigated the heterogeneous formation of nitrate and nitrite under various illumination conditions by laboratory experiments and field observations. Observed by in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), water-solvated nitrate was the main surface product, followed by other species varying with illumination condition. The growth of nitrate formation rate tends to be slow after the initial fast with increasing light intensity. For example, the geometric uptake coefficient (γgeo) under 30.5 mW/cm2 (5.72 × 10−6) has exceeded the 50 % of that under 160 mW/cm2 (1.13 × 10−5). This case can be explained by the excess NO2 adsorption under weak illumination while the excess photoinduced active species under strong irradiation. Being negatively associated with nitrate (R2 = 0.748, P
Retrieval of Temperature From a Multiple Channel Pure Rotational Raman-Scatter Lidar Using an Optimal Estimation Method
Authors: Mahagammulla Gamage Shayamila , Sica Robert J. , Martucci Giovanni , Haefele Alexander
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We present a new method for retrieving temperature from Pure Rotational Raman (PRR) lidar measurements. Our Optimal Estimation Method (OEM) used in this study uses the full physics of PRR scattering and does not require any assumption of the form for a calibration function nor does it require fitting of calibration factors over a large range of temperatures. The only calibration required is the estimation of the ratio of the lidar constants of the two PRR channels (coupling constant) that can be evaluated at a single or multiple height bins using a simple analytic expression. The uncertainty budget of our OEM retrieval includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties, including the uncertainty in the determination of the coupling constant on the temperature. We show that the error due to calibration can be reduced significantly using our method, in particular in the upper troposphere when calibration is only possible over a limited temperature range. Some other advantages of our OEM over the traditional Raman lidar temperature retrieval algorithm include not requiring correction or gluing to the raw lidar measurements, providing a cutoff height for the temperature retrievals that specifies the height to which the retrieved profile is independent of the a priori temperature profile, and the retrieval's vertical resolution as a function of height. The new method is tested on PRR temperature measurements from the MeteoSwiss Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observations system in different sky conditions, compared to temperature calculated using the traditional PRR calibration formulas, and validated with coincident radiosonde temperature measurements in clear and cloudy conditions during both day and night time.
A Gaussian Mixture Method for Specific Differential Phase Retrieval at X-band Frequency
Authors: Wen Guang , Fox Neil I. , Market Patrick S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Specific differential phase Kdp is one of the most important polarimetric radar variables, but the variance σ2(Kdp), regarding the errors in the calculation of the range derivative of differential phase shift Φdp, is not well characterized due to the lack of a data generation model. This paper presents a probabilistic method based on Gaussian mixture model for Kdp estimation at X-band frequency. The Gaussian mixture method can not only estimate the expected values of Kdp by differentiating the expected values of Φdp, but also obtain σ2(Kdp) from the product of the square of the first derivative of Kdp and the variance of Φdp. Additionally, ambiguous Φdp and backscattering differential phase shift are corrected via the mixture model. The method is qualitatively evaluated with a convective event of a bow echo observed by the X-band dual-polarization radar in the University of Missouri. It is concluded that Kdp estimates are highly consistent with the gradients of Φdp in the leading edge of the bow echo, and large σ2(Kdp) occurs with high variation of Kdp. Furthermore, the performance is quantitatively assessed by three-year radar-gauge data, and the results are compared to linear regression model. It is clear that Kdp-based rain amounts have good agreement with the rain gauge data, while the Gaussian mixture method gives improvements over linear regression model, particularly for far ranges.
Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics in temperate forests with Yasso07
Authors: Mao Zhun , Derrien Delphine , Didion Markus , Liski Jari , Eglin Thomas , Nicolas Manuel , Jonard Mathieu , Saint-André Laurent
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In a context of global changes, modeling and predicting the
dynamics of soil carbon stocks (CSs) in forest ecosystems are vital but challenging.
Yasso07 is considered to be one of the most promising models for such a purpose. We
examine the accuracy of its prediction of soil carbon dynamics over the whole
French metropolitan territory at a decennial timescale. We used data from 101 sites in the RENECOFOR network, which encompasses most
of the French temperate forests. These data include (i) the quantity of
above-ground litterfall from 1994 to 2008, measured yearly, and (ii) the soil
CSs measured twice at an interval of approximately 15 years (once
in the early 1990s and around 2010). We used Yasso07 to simulate the annual
changes in carbon stocks (ACCs; in tC ha−1 yr−1) for each site and then
compared the estimates with actual recorded data. We carried out
meta-analyses to reveal the variability in litter biochemistry in different
tree organs for conifers and broadleaves. We also performed sensitivity
analyses to explore Yasso07's sensitivity to annual litter inputs and model
initialization settings. At the national level, the simulated ACCs
(+0.00±0.07 tC ha−1 yr−1, mean ± SE) were of the same
order of magnitude as the observed ones (+0.34±0.06 tC ha−1 yr−1). However, the correlation between predicted
and measured ACCs remained weak (R2<0.1). There was significant
overestimation for broadleaved stands and underestimation for coniferous
sites. Sensitivity analyses showed that the final estimated CS was
strongly affected by settings in the model initialization, including litter
and soil carbon quantity and quality and also by simulation length. Carbon
quality set with the partial steady-state assumption gave a better fit than
the model with the complete steady-state assumption. With Yasso07 as the support model, we showed that there is currently a
bottleneck in soil carbon modeling and prediction due to a lack of
knowledge or data on soil carbon quality and fine-root quantity in the
litter.
A dual-pass carbon cycle data assimilation system to estimate surface CO2 fluxes and 3D atmospheric CO2 concentrations from spaceborne measurements of atmospheric CO2
Authors: Han Rui , Tian Xiangjun
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Here we introduce a new version of the carbon cycle data assimilation system, Tan-Tracker (v1), which is based on the Nonlinear Least Squares Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation algorithm (NLS-4DVar) and the Goddard Earth Observing System atmospheric chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem). Using a dual-pass assimilation framework that consists of a carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation pass and a flux assimilation pass, we assimilated the atmosphere column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2), while sequentially optimizing the CO2 concentration and surface carbon flux via different length windows with the same initial time. When the CO2 assimilation pass is first performed, a shorter window of 3 days is applied to reduce the influence of the background flux on the initial CO2 concentration. This allows us to obtain a better initial CO2 concentration to drive subsequent flux assimilation passes. In the following flux assimilation pass, a properly elongated window of 2 weeks absorbs enough observations to reduce the influence of the initial CO2 concentration deviation on the flux, resulting in better surface fluxes. In contrast, the joint assimilation system Tan-Tracker (v0) uses the same assimilation window for optimization of CO2 concentration and flux, making the uncertainties in CO2 concentration and flux indistinguishable. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-4DVar algorithm applied with the older system is only a rough approximation of the one-step iteration of the NLS-4DVar algorithm; thus, it can be difficult to fully resolve the nonlinear relationship between flux and CO2 concentration. In this study, we designed a set of observation system simulation experiments to assimilate artificial XCO2 observations, in an attempt to verify the performance of the newly developed dual-pass Tan-Tracker (v1). Compared with the a priori joint system, the dual-pass system provided a better representation of the spatiotemporal distribution of the true flux and true CO2 concentration. We performed sensitivity tests of the flux assimilation window length and number of NLS-4DVar assimilation iterations. Our results indicated that the appropriate flux assimilation window length (14 days) and the appropriate number of NLS-4DVar maximum iterations (three) could be used to achieve optimal results. Thus, the Tan-Tracker (v1) system, based on a novel dual-pass assimilation framework, provides more accurate surface flux inversion estimates and is ultimately a better tool for carbon cycle research.
Pysteps: an open-source Python library for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting (v1.0)
Authors: Pulkkinen Seppo , Nerini Daniele , Pérez Hortal Andrés A. , Velasco-Forero Carlos , Seed Alan , Germann Urs , Foresti Loris
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Pysteps is an open-source and community-driven Python library for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting – that is to say, very-short range forecasting (0–6 h). The aim of pysteps is to serve two different needs. The first is to provide a modular and well-documented framework for researchers interested in developing new methods for nowcasting and stochastic space-time simulation of precipitation. The second aim is to offer a highly configurable and easily accessible platform for practitioners ranging from weather forecasters to hydrologists. In this sense, pysteps has the potential to become an important component for integrated early warning systems for severe weather. The pysteps library supports standard input/output file formats and implements several optical flow methods as well as advanced stochastic generators to produce ensemble nowcasts. In addition, it includes tools for visualizing and post-processing the nowcasts and methods for deterministic, probabilistic, and neighbourhood forecast verification. The pysteps library is described and its potential is demonstrated using radar composite images from Finland, Switzerland, United States, and Australia. Finally, scientific experiments are carried out to help the reader to understand the pysteps framework and sensitivity to model parameters.
Very high-resolution modelling of submesoscale turbulent patterns and processes in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Onken Reiner , Baschek Burkard , Angel-Benavides Ingrid M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In order to simulate submesoscale turbulent patterns and processes (STPPs) and to analyse their properties and dynamics, the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is applied to a subregion of the Baltic Sea around the island of Bornholm. The modeled STPPs provide an aid for the interpretation of observations that were taken during the Expedition Clockwork Ocean in the same region in June 2016. To create a realistic mesoscale and submesoscale environment, ROMS with 500-m horizontal resolution is one-way nested into an existing operational model. The comparison of the results with satellite images shows good agreement. STPPs with horizontal scales
Multi-element ducts for ducted wind turbines: A numerical study
Authors: Dighe Vinit V. , Avallone Francesco , Igra Ozer , van Bussel Gerard
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Multi-element ducts are used to improve the aerodynamic performance of ducted wind turbines (DWTs). Steady-state, two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed for a multi-element duct geometry, consisting of a duct and a flap; goal is to evaluate the effects on the aerodynamic performance of the radial gap length and the deflection angle of the flap. Solutions from inviscid and viscous flow calculations are compared. It is found that increasing the radial gap length results in an augmentation of the total thrust generated by the DWT, whereas a larger deflection angle has an opposite effect. A reasonable to good agreement is seen between the inviscid and viscous flow calculations, except for multi-element duct configurations characterized by large flap deflection angles. The viscous effects become stronger at large flap deflection angles, and the inviscid calculations are incapable to take into account this phenomenon.
Revisión literaria del rango apropiado de la presión del cuff para el manejo de usuarios adultos con vía aérea artificial
Authors: Rosales Lillo Felipe Gonzalo
Published: May 2019

Existen diferentes recomendaciones internacionales del rango de presión del “cuff” a utilizar para el manejo de usuarios adultos con vía aérea artificial. En Chile no existe una guía clínica en el tema, por lo que algunas instituciones han creado sus propios protocolos recomendando distintas presiones referenciando literatura internacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el rango seguro de insuflación del “cuff” de cánulas de traqueostomía y tubos endotraqueales. Se realizó una revisión literaria con enfoque cualitativo de artículos publicados en inglés y de sus referencias primarias, con criterios de inclusión de estudios experimentales y observacionales, con acceso completo, con recomendaciones de presiones a utilizar, en población humana mayor a 18 años y animales, y con procedimientos médicos-científicos. En animales los rangos recomendados a utilizar difieren según la especie. En humanos los rangos recomendados también son diversos. Parte de la literatura actual sobre las presiones a utilizar en pacientes han sido basadas en estudios llevados a cabo en animales. Por ello, no se debe generalizar recomendaciones en base a investigaciones con muestras no humanas debido a los resultados encontrados. Considerando exclusivamente estudios en humanos con resultados analizados estadísticamente, la presión mínima a utilizar para evitar el riesgo de aspiración es de 20 cm H2O y la presión máxima para evitar el daño traqueal es de 30 cm H2O. Se precisan nuevas investigaciones con tecnología reciente en población exclusivamente humana. Los protocolos internos de cada institución chilena necesitan ser revisados para analizar los artículos primarios de sus referencias.
Topics and emotions in Russian Twitter propaganda
Authors: Miller Daniel Taninecz
Published: May 2019

The increasing importance of social media to political communication means the study of government-sponsored social media activity deserves further exploration. In particular, text-as-data techniques like topic models and emotional lexicons provide potential for new types of content analysis of large collections of government-backed social media discourse. Applying text-as-data methods to a corpus of Russian-sponsored Twitter data generated before, during and after the 2016 U.S. presidential election shows tweets containing a diverse set of policy-related topics as well as levels of angry and fearful emotional language that peaks in close association to the election. Text-as-data techniques show Russian sponsored tweets mentioned candidate Clinton overwhelmingly negatively and referenced candidate Trump in a positive but less consistent manner. The tweets contained large minorities of apolitical topics, and also saw higher levels of conservative hashtags than progressive ones. Topics within the tweet data show a contradictory set of topics on all “sides” of the political spectrum alongside increases in fearful and angry language in temporal association with the U.S. election. The findings of this inquiry provide evidence that the tweets were sent to heighten existing tensions through topically heterogeneous propaganda. They also caution against an overly black and white interpretation of Russian disinformation efforts online.
COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE AVALIAÇÃO DA CONDIÇÃO DE PAVIMENTOS FLEXÍVEIS COM O AUXÍLIO DE UM SIG-T
Authors: Pescador Junior Antonio Carlos , Da Silva Junior Carlos Alberto Prado , Fontenele Heliana Barbosa
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho objetiva comparar métodos de avaliação da condição de pavimentos flexíveis por meio de mapas temáticos gerados em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica para Transportes (SIG-T). A geração dos mapas foi feita com base em um banco de dados de avaliações de algumas vias de um campus universitário. As avaliações subjetivas foram realizadas por dois painéis de avaliadores contendo 5 membros em cada painel, sendo estes 3 homens e 2 mulheres. Um dos painéis recebeu apenas informações básicas sobre o procedimento de avaliação (painelinfo_basica), enquanto o outro utilizou uma escala visual como referência (painelescala_visual) com o objetivo de homogeneizar a pontuação atribuída pelos seus membros. As avaliações objetivas foram feitas pelo método do Pavement Condition Index (PCI), que se baseia nos tipos, medidas e severidades dos defeitos para a classificação do pavimento. Concluiu-se que ambos os tipos de avaliações subjetivas (com ou sem a escala visual) podem ser utilizadas, visto a semelhança entre os mapas gerados. Além disso, há certa semelhança com os resultados das avaliações objetivas. Finalmente, percebe-se que um SIG-T pode ser usado como ferramenta para auxiliar nas análises das condições dos pavimentos flexíveis e apoiar as tomadas de decisão dos gestores.
RUBI E SAFIRA TRATADOS COM VIDRO ADICIONADO DE CHUMBO COMERCIALIZADOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Juchem Pedro Luiz , Schnellrath Jurgen , De Brum Tania Mara Martini , Barbieri Gabriel , Duarte Lauren Da Cunha
Published: May 2019

A análise para fins de certificação de um lote de gemas lapidadas do mineral coríndon, nas variedades rubi e safira, indicou que esse material possui fraturas preenchidas por vidro com chumbo. Esse processo tem como objetivo melhorar a qualidade de cristais de coríndon muito fraturados e por isso geralmente opacos, sem qualidade gemológica. O preenchimento das fraturas desse mineral por vidro com chumbo se mostra muito efetivo em reduzir o efeito de turbidez provocado pelo excesso de fraturas, deixando as pedras translúcidas e às vezes quase transparentes, melhorando muito a sua qualidade para lapidação. A adição de chumbo confere ao vidro um índice de refração próximo ao do coríndon, dificultando assim sua identificação, já que o seu brilho fica praticamente idêntico ao do rubi e safira.
ESTUDO DA ETAPA DE PERFURAÇÃO EM ÁGATA NO PROCESSO DE JATO DE ÁGUA ABRASIVA (AWJ)
Authors: Becker Jr Rudimar Cavalini , Zibetti Felipe Felipe , E Lima Ipar Carlos Edmundo De Abreu
Published: May 2019

O processo de usinagem por jato de água com abrasivo (AWJ) é uma importante ferramenta utilizada em praticamente todas as áreas industriais e apresenta inúmeras vantagens em relação a outros processos. O presente trabalho visa, de maneira experimental, investigar o efeito de alguns parâmetros de entrada do processo no tempo e qualidade final (diâmetros de entrada e saída) da peça durante a fase de perfuração inicial quando o material a ser cortado é ágata. Para isso, utilizou-se o método experimental de superfície de resposta para se identificar e quantificar o efeito que os fatores exercem sobre as variáveis de saída. Todos os parâmetros escolhidos como variáveis de entrada se mostraram influentes em pelo menos alguma das variáveis de saída, destacando-se a estratégia de perfuração e espessura do material para o tempo de perfuração e a estratégia de perfuração, a distância de afastamento da tubeira e a vazão mássica de abrasivo para os diâmetros de entrada e saída. Ainda, foram geradas as equações de regressão para as três variáveis de saída estudadas, tornando-se possível efetuar a sua predição com base nos valores escolhidos das variáveis de entrada.
Migração e biografia: aspectos históricos de um relacionamento emocionante
Authors: Alheit Peter
Published: May 2019

O artigo a seguir ‘Migração e Biografia: aspectos históricos de um relacionamento emocionante’ trata do tema da complexa relação entre (auto)biografia e migração. Trata-se de uma abordagem sobre a sensibilidade para transformações formativas dessa relação. Exemplos do “pré-moderno”, da “modernidade clássica”, da chamada “modernidade organizada” (Reckwitz) e do “pós-modernismo” mostram que tanto o caráter das migrações quanto as disposições subjetivas dos atores afetados por elas podem mudar.
Proposta de avaliação de pessoas com deficiência na escola: reflexões acerca das múltiplas linguagens
Authors: Bentes José Anchieta de Oliveira , Bentes Rita De Nazareth Souza , Lobato Huber Kline Guedes
Published: May 2019

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados do uso de um instrumento de avaliação que considere as capacidades e potencialidades de pessoas com deficiência na escola. A pesquisa foi construída no ano de 2017 a partir da avaliação de quatro pessoas com deficiência na escola, sendo: um com paralisia cerebral (PC) denominado Léo; um com múltipla deficiência sensorial-visual (MDVI) denominado Alex; uma com deficiência intelectual (DI) - síndrome de Down denominada Ana; uma com surdez (S) denominada Lia. As quatros pessoas são estudantes de uma escola da rede municipal pública de Belém-Pará. O problema de pesquisa é: como avaliar pessoas com deficiência na escola considerando as Múltiplas Linguagens? A análise dos dados revelou que a avaliação e as propostas de linguagens podem ser bastante úteis para a elaboração do currículo e para o programa individual de pessoas com deficiência na escola e em sala de aula, superando a pedagogia da alfabetização tradicional e conservadora que considera apenas a escrita alfabética no cotidiano escolar.
What Are the Contemporary Etiologies for Revision Surgery and Revision After Primary, Noncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Ledford Cameron K. , Perry Kevin I. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Contemporary failure etiologies of primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) have not been precisely defined because of heterogeneity of referral practices.

Methods:

A single-institution registry of 4,555 primary, noncemented THAs performed by subspecialty trained arthroplasty surgeons between 2000 and 2012 was analyzed. Only revision surgeries and revisions that occurred after THAs initially performed at the institution were included.

Results:

The estimated 10-year survivorships free from THA revision surgery, modular implant revision, and nonmodular implant revision were 98.2%, 98.1%, and 96.3%, respectively. The most common reasons for revision surgeries were wound-related complications (49%), periprosthetic fracture (25%), and pain (18%). Hip instability (53%) and acute periprosthetic joint infection (26%) were the most common etiologies of revision procedures with isolated exchange of at least one modular implant. The most common reasons for replacement or removal of nonmodular implant were periprosthetic fracture (32%), aseptic loosening (22%), and adverse tissue reaction (17%).

Discussion:

Focusing on primary THAs initially performed by a contemporary, subspecialty practice allowed an accurate determination of etiologies and rates of failure (defined by revision surgery or revision) after THA.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV
A Step in the Right Direction: Body Location Determines Activity Tracking Device Accuracy in Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Goel Rahul , Danoff Jonathan R. , Petrera Matteo , Blevins Kier , Purtill James J. , Chen Antonia F.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Step counts measured by activity monitoring devices (AMDs) and smartphones (SPs) can objectively measure a patient's activity levels after total hip and knee arthroplasty (total joint arthroplasty [TJA]). This study investigated the use and optimal body location of AMDs and SPs to measure step counts in the postoperative period.

Methods:

This was a two-armed, prospective, observational study of TJA inpatients (n = 24) and 2-week status after TJA (n = 25) completing a 100-ft walk. Observer-counted steps were compared with those measured by AMDs (wrist and ankle) and SPs (hip and neck). Acceptable error was defined as <30%. Error rates were treated as both dichotomous and continuous variables.

Results:

AMD and SP step counts had overall unacceptable error in TJA inpatients. AMDs on the contralateral ankle and SPs on the contralateral hip had error rates less than 30% at 2 weeks postoperatively. Two-week postoperative patients required lower levels of assist (11/25 walker; 4/25 no assist), and significant improvements in stride length (total hip arthroplasty 1.27 versus 1.83 ft/step; total knee arthroplasty 1.42 versus 1.83 ft/step) and cadence (total hip arthroplasty 74.6 versus 166.0 steps/min; total knee arthroplasty 73.5 versus 144.4 steps/min) were seen between inpatient and postoperative patients. Regression analysis found that increases in postoperative day and cadence led to a decrease in device error.

Conclusion:

In inpatients with TJA, AMDs and SPs have unacceptable variability and limited utility for step counting when using a walker. As gait normalizes and the level of ambulatory assist decreases, AMDs on the contralateral ankle and SPs on the contralateral hip demonstrated low error rates. These devices offer a novel method for measurement of objective outcomes and potential for remote monitoring of patient progress after TJA.

Level of evidence:

Level II, prospective, three-armed study, prognostic study
Patriotyzm w czasach wolności – w stronę konstytucyjności, obywatelskości i etyczności
Authors: Wiłkomirska Anna
Published: May 2019

A discussion of various definitions of patriotism and the characteristics of the chosen approaches is included in the article. The presented approaches and the classifications of patriotism form the basis for a choice of the concept of patriotism, which on the hundredth anniversary of Polish independence seems to be a reasonable proposal for patriotic education. It has been called ethic-community based patriotism. It requires an effort for building moral power and a law abiding attitude in the community. A patriotic attitude consists of engagement, responsibility, honesty in inner and external relationships, favour, solidarity, respect for others and critic loyalty. For a patriotism understood in such a way, important are the values leading to the elimination of various forms of injustice like discrimination, violence and oppression, as well as the promotion of the common good of one’s own society and all humankind.
„Ducha nie gaście” – treści wychowawcze na łamach nacjonalistycznych czasopism konspiracyjnych w Polsce w okresie II wojny światowej
Authors: Kołakowski Andrzej
Published: May 2019

An important form of struggle against the German occupant during the Second World War were illegal magazines appearing throughout Poland. Their task was to counteract enemy propaganda, break the informational blockade, and shape citizens’ awareness. Apart from the “Information Bulletin of the Home Army” edited by the Polish Underground State, there appeared also magazines edited by political organisations, including those related to the national-radical movement. Young editors from the Młodzież Wszechpolska and Młodzież Wielkiej Polski organisations stressed that one of the greatest threats posed by the war is the demoralisation of the young generation, and that the need to counteract this phenomenon is as important as the armed struggle. The analysed texts reveal a less known, non-stereotypical image of Polish nationalistic organisations.
Juwenilia Bogdana Suchodolskiego. Niepodległość jako wyzwanie moralne
Authors: Ciążela Andrzej
Published: May 2019

The centenary of regaining independence by Poland arouses complex reflections. It leads to summaries but also arouses interest in the processes accompanying these events. The manuscript of Bogdan Suchodolski’s handwriting is an interesting document from this period. There is a reflection about the moral consequences of the First World War and questions about the future of the post-war world. A clear inspiration of Schopenhauer’s pessimism can be noticed there, which makes it an exceptional document in his work and at the same time casts an interesting light on his other achievements.
Dyskusja nad rolą i zadaniami podręcznika szkolnego w Polsce w latach 1918–1939
Authors: Wołoszyn Ewa
Published: May 2019

The subject of this article is a debate which took place in the community of teachers and educators over the period 1918–1939. Its topic related to the function and role of textbooks in the educational process. The analysis of the published articles and science books showed the evolution of views and opinions which developed from the extreme rejection of a textbook and the denial of its dominant position in a 19th century school, to a compromise that was reached in the 1930s and reconciled the “vivid teaching” of a teacher with students’ self-study with a textbook. Maturing and changing opinions and views on the issue of a textbook referred to its classification, role, function, contents structure and the language. The debate which took place in the Second Polish Republic did not result in developing the theory of a textbook although it was an important contribution to its shaping.
To learn from … different generations: some important issues
Authors: Manokha Iryna
Published: May 2019

The article presents one of the current directions of development and optimisation of modern education – a features of each of the current generations and the use of such teaching tools that reflect and embody these features. We are talking about both the didactic and technological features of the learning process and the semantic, essential aspects of the learning process that make the learning process itself relevant, meaningful, promising for each of the generations, not formally required. The result of such an approach to optimising the learning process is to increase the effectiveness of both the learning process and the education system as a whole in each specific historical period in the development of society.
Migration im Prozess institutioneller Verarbeitung
Authors: Chardey Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Analyses of non-EU citizens’ experiences of studying in Germany reveal that their lives and studies are characterised by financial problems, high dropout rates and residency worries, with the latter proving to be the foreign students’ greatest problem area during their studies abroad. However, to date there has been a lack of research into how administrative decisions on residency are made, how they affect the lives of the visiting students and what support non-EU students receive at German universities. In this study, the author demonstrates that such foreign students tend to fail in their studies in Germany due to bureaucracy rather than a lack of motivation or performing poorly in their subjects. Moreover, those responsible for advising international students often receive no backing from their university’s administrative body and therefore refuse to help students who are at risk of losing their residence permits for fear of facing disciplinary action.
Loving Tolerance
Authors: Ganji Mohammad Hussein ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2019

The deepening and development of epistemological issues on the one hand, and the unpleasant historical experience on the other hand, made modern humanity after the Renaissance gradually became tolerant and recognized "the Other." The epistemological basis for tolerance is the obscurity and complexity of truth and difference in the understanding of human beings. Its moral basis is not to see oneself as above others and to endure the intricacies of practicing morality. Tolerance is rational for two reasons: one is the epistemological basis that hinders the dogma of possessing absolute truth, self-knowledge, and repudiating others; the other is the advantages of tolerance for collective living. This article seeks to show that Rumi, while paying attention to the moral and epistemological principles of tolerance, goes beyond the rational tolerance of calculating profits, losses, and trading. According to his mystical view, his tolerance is a “loving tolerance,” a tolerance which is based solely on love and compassion towards human beings, rather than being based on calculations of profit and loss, with no expectation for reward.
Comparison of Models for Heat Transfer in High-Density Fibrous Insulation
Authors: Carvajal Sergio A. , Garboczi Edward J. , Zarr Robert R.
Published: May 2019

This study evaluated different models for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of fibrous insulation by comparing predicted values with certified values of Standard Reference Material 1450c, Fibrous Glass Board. This comparison involved the coupled effects of radiation and conduction heat transfer. To support these comparisons, the fiber diameter distribution was measured using X-ray computed tomography, and this distribution was used in several heat transfer models considered in this paper. For the evaluation of the radiative heat transfer, the diffusion approximation, the Schuster-Schwarzschild approximation, and the Milne-Eddington approximation were considered. The conduction of the gas and the fibers was treated by the kinetic theory and a semi-empirical model, respectively. Two models were considered for the evaluation of the radiative properties: the large specular reflecting approach and the application of Mie theory for media composed of infinite cylinders.