bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İn Vitro Hepatik Oksidatif Hasarda Karvakrolün Etkinliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: ATABAY DİNGİL Meryem Nur , İŞGÖR Mehmet Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Nonalkolik karaciğer yağlanması (NAFLD) karaciğerde, özellikle trigliserit olmak üzere yağ birikimi ile karakterize, yaygın görülen bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın tedavisinde araştırmalar, doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen antioksidan moleküllere yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, kekiğin etken maddesi karvakrolün in vitro hepatoprotektif etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Araştırmamızda materyal olarak insan hepatosit hücre hattı (HepG2, ATCCHB-8065) kullanılmıştır. Deneme grupları kontrol (K), palmitat eklenen grup (P), karvakrol eklenen grup (C) ve palmitat ile birlikte karvakrol eklenen grup (+C) olarak tasarlanmıştır. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda palmitat (150, 300 ve 450 µM) ve karvakrol (1, 5, 10 ve 50 µM) 24 saat sürelerle hücrelere uygulanarak etkin konsantrasyon tespitleri MTT viyabilite testi ile ortaya konulmuştur. Hücrelerden elde edilen lizatlardan hücre içi glutatyon ve nitrit düzeyi spektrofotometrik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Yine bu örneklerdeki aldoz redüktaz düzeyleri (AR) ELISA metoduyla araştırılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen viyabilite verilerine göre, palmitatın 300 µM konsantrasyonunun kontrole göre % 45 oranında hücre kayıplarına neden olduğu, karvakrolün 5 µM konsantrasyonunun hücrelere uygulanımıyla bu kayıpların % 41 oranında önlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada palmitat ve karvakrolün GSH düzeyinde önemli bir değişiklik oluşturmadığı ancak NO düzeylerini anlamlı düzeyde azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Yine hücre içi AR protein düzeyini palmitat arttırırken, karvakrolün bu artışı % 1.7 oranında önlediği belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu veriler doğrultusunda karvakrolün nonalkolik steatozis gibi yağlanmaya bağlı karaciğer hastalıklarında potansiyel bir etken madde olarak düşünülebileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
Nonstandard Discretization and Stability Analysis of a novel type Malaria-Ross Model
Authors: KOCABIYIK Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Malaria is still a deadly disease in most developing countries. In order to prevent this and many other diseases in all countries, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the disease well. For this reason, in this study, a new type of Malaria-Ross equation, Distributed order, is discussed. In this new type, the dynamics of the disease can be understood better and quicker in different situations with the density function included in such equations. Numerical discretization of this model is done with the help of a nonstandard finite difference scheme. Afterward, stability analyses of the equilibrium points obtained from the model that were performed. At the same time, comparisons were made with other numerical methods. Finally, the findings are expressed with graphs and tables.
Bazı Baklagil Yem Bitkilerinin Nispi Yem Değerleri, İn Vitro Gaz Üretimi, Organik Madde Sindirim Derecesi ve Metabolik Enerji İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KURT Özer , KAMALAK Adem , KURT Ayşe Nida
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışma 21 farklı baklagil yem bitkisinin kimyasal kompozisyonlarının, nispi yem değerlerinin (NYD), in-vitro gaz üretimi (IVGÜ) ile metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecelerinin (OMSD) belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İncelenen türlerin ham protein (HP) oranları %12.75-24.96, ADF oranları %23.63-39.53, NDF oranları %36.29-49.16, nispi yem değerleri (NYD) 109.96-179.20, toplam gaz üretimleri (TG) 38.81-50.89 ml, metabolik enerjileri (ME) 8.52-10.45 MJ kg-1 KM, organik madde sindirim dereceleri (OMSD) %56.10-68.54 aralığında bulunmuştur. Macar fiği (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) ve koca fiğ (Vicia narbonensis L.) HP oranı bakımından öne çıkarken (sırasıyla %24.96 ve 24.72), ADF oranı bakımından koca fiğ (%23.63) ve fıçı yoncası (Medicago trancatula Gaertn.) (%23.64), NDF oranı bakımından sırasıyla anadolu üçgülü (Trifolium resupinatum L.) (%36.29), alaca taç otu (Coronilla varia L.) (%36.49) ve ak üçgül (Trifolium repens L.) (%36.72) öne çıkmıştır. NYD en yüksek anadolu üçgülü (179.20), en düşük tarla üçgülünde (Trifolium arvense L.) (109.96) tespit edilmiştir. TG üretimi bakımından en yüksek değerlere fıçı yoncası (50.89 ml) ve ak üçgül (50.52 ml), en düşük değerlere alaca taç otu (38.81 ml), tarla üçgülü (40.27ml) ve sarı çiçekli gazal boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) (40.64 ml) sahip olmuştur. En yüksek ME değeri koca fiğde (10.45 Mj kg-1 KM), en düşük tarla üçgülünde (8.52 Mj kg-1 KM), en yüksek OMSD koca fiğ (%68.54), fıçı yoncası (%68.02) ve ak üçgülde (%67.96), en düşük tarla üçgülü (%56.10) ve alaca taç otunda (%56.62) belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak ak üçgül, fıçı yoncası ve Anadolu üçgülü TG, ME, OMSD ve NYD içeriği bakımından diğer baklagil yem bitkilerine göre önemli derecede üstün bulunmuştur (P<0.05).
Sikloid, Episikloid, Evolvent, 45° Eğri Yüzeylerin Yapıştırılması Ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi İle Araştırılması
Authors: UZUN Mahir , AKÇADAĞ Bahar
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, farklı yüzey geometrisine sahip sikloid, episikloid, evolvent ve 45 derece eğriler matematiksel formüller yardımıyla Solidworks programında modellenmiştir. Oluşturulan eğri yüzeyli uç uca yapıştırılan yapıştırma bağlantı modellerinin ANSYS analiz programında mesh işlemi yapılmıştır. Bu işlemden sonra bağlantı numunelerinin çekme ve eğme sonlu eleman analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler esnasında yapıştırılan malzeme olarak St52 yapı çeliğinin malzeme özellikleri tanımlanmıştır. 45 derece eğri yüzeye sahip numunelerde, yapıştırıcı bağlantıların hasar yükü bulunmuş ve daha sonra bu hasar yükü referans alınarak diğer eğri yüzeye sahip numunelere de sırasıyla uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda maksimum çekme ve maksimum eğme dayanımına sahip olan eğri yüzeyin, 45 derece eğri yüzey olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Rosehip Marmalade Added Kefir During Its Storage Process
Authors: DEMİR Burcunur , GÜRSES Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Herein, the effect of rosehip marmalade addition to kefir on it antioxidant activities was investigated. Firstly, the production of kefir, having the supplements of semi-skimmed milk, powder kefir ferment, and rosehip marmalade at different proportions (0% (control), 10%, and 15%) was made. Kefirs were stored in the refrigerator on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 at 4 ± 1ºC. It has been determined that it has a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on TPC during the storage period. In addition, it has been determined that storage period has a significant (p<0.05) effect on Vitamin C, while has a insignificant (p>0.05) effect on DPPH. The rosehip marmalade kefirs and control kefirs vitamin C and total phenolic content values were in the range of 7.85-9.04 mg 100g-1 and 1931,18-2447,11 mg GAE L-1, respectively. On the other hand, the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl values of the samples were determined up to 67.85 μg ml-1 (EC50). With this research, it was concluded that the low Vitamin C content of kefir, which stands out in dairy products especially with its probiotic character, can be increased and it can be transformed into a fermented product with different sensory characteristics, both probiotic and prebiotic.
Direct centrifugation for detecting Giardia spp. cysts in filter backwash water
Authors: Ogura Allan Pretti , Sabogal-Paz Lyda Patricia
Published: May 2022

Pathogenic protozoa endanger human health and challenge water treatment, especially during outbreaks in developing countries. For instance, Giardia spp. cysts can recirculate in the filter backwash water (FBW), reinforcing the relevance of their detection protocol in negligible matrices. This study aimed to detect Giardia spp. cysts in the FBW by direct centrifugation (DC) and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with the addition of the detergent dispersion solution ICN 7X at 1.0%. To do this, cyst suspensions were inoculated into FBW samples (14 NTU), which was generated in bench-scale drinking-water treatment with high-turbidity study water (112 NTU). Furthermore, the DC+ICN 7X method was compared with the calcium carbonate flocculation. For instance, the DC+ICN 7X method provided cleaner microscope slides and minor damage to the cyst walls. The commercial suspension of Giardia lamblia had an adequate recovery rate (19.5%). However, the recovery rate of the EasySeed® suspension was 7.8%, which was below the required range by Method 1623.1 (above 8%). High costs and low efficiencies challenge several methods for detecting Giardia spp. cysts. Therefore, future studies should develop and improve detection protocols, especially for complex matrices. Detecting cysts in water treatment residues is crucial for addressing current sanitation issues in developing countries.
Flow characteristics of a tangential vortex intake with steep-slope tapering section
Authors: Chan S. N. , Qiao Q. S.
Published: May 2022

Tangential vortex intakes are compact hydraulic structures commonly used in water supply, drainage and sewerage systems to convey water from high to low elevations efficiently. For certain intake design, due to the complex three-dimensional (3D) flow transition, hydraulic jump and shock waves may form. This paper presents an experimental and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the flow in a tangential vortex intake with a steep-slope (sloping angle = 45°) tapering section. Swirling velocity field was measured using laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) for discharges with typical flow features. CFD predictions were most encouraging in the good agreement with measured head-discharge relationship, air core size and velocity. It was found that the flow regimes are determined by the hydraulic controls at different sections under different discharges, forming a complex flow transition with an inclined hydraulic jump at the tapering section. While the swirling flow in the dropshaft is highly asymmetrical, the local tangential velocity is similar to that of a stable tangential intake with Rankine vortex behaviour. Flow energy dissipation is caused by the hydraulic jump at the tapering section and the friction loss at the dropshaft. The present study offers comprehensive insights to the design of tangential vortex intake structures.

HIGHLIGHTS Tangential vortex intake flow with steep-slope tapering section elucidated first time. Comprehensive flow profiles and velocity field measured for a range of discharges. 3D CFD predictions are in good agreement with the measurements. Flow regimes are determined by the hydraulic controls at different sections. Flow energy dissipation is caused by hydraulic jump and dropshaft friction loss.
Формирование наноструктур Au/Si методом токовой литографии в сканирующем туннельном микроскопе
Authors: Лебедев Д.В. , Школдин В.А. , Можаров А.М. , Петухов А.Е. , Голубок А.О. , Архипов А.В. , Мухин И.С. , Дубровский В.Г.
Published: May 2022

A technique for synthesizing nanostructures by current lithography in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM lithography) in layered Au/Si structures has been developed. An experimental dependence of the geometric dimensions of the created nanostructures on the time of current STM lithography has been obtained. A theoretical model for the growth of nanostructures is proposed, which explains the nonlinear dependence of the radius of the obtained nanostructures on time with saturation in the region of large radii. Keywords: Au/Si nanostructures, STM lithography, growth rate, modeling.
Формирование субмикронной конусообразной морфологии поверхности при ионно-лучевом распылении наноструктурного никеля
Authors: Борисов А.М. , Машкова Е.С. , Овчинников М.А. , Хисамов Р.Х. , Мулюков Р.Р.
Published: May 2022

The results of a research on the surface morphology of nanostructured nickel after high-fluence irradiation with 30 keV argon ions have been presented. The nanostructure in nickel was formed by high-pressure torsion deformation. It has been shown that nanostructuring deformation of nickel by ion-beam sputtering allows to receive a uniformly coated surface with submicron cones. The thermal stability of the obtained cone-like structure on nanostructured nickel has been determined.
Profiles of depressive disorders and influencing factors among the elderly in China: protocol for a secondary data analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Dai Zhenwei
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Depressive disorders have become a major risk factor that influence people’s health worldwide, but few studies have focused on the prevalence of depressive disorders among the Chinese elderly and their characteristics of depressive disorders.

OBJECTIVE

The current study is a secondary data analysis designed to explore the profiles of depressive disorders in the Chinese elderly by latent profile analysis (LPA).

METHODS

The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2018) database will be used for analysis. LPA will be employed to identify the profiles of depressive disorders using data from the subsection “CESD Depression” in the section “Cognition and Depression”. Stepwise multinomial logistic regression will be used to explore the influencing factors of different profiles of depressive disorders among the Chinese elderly.

RESULTS

None

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of depressive disorders among the Chinese elderly and their profiles of depressive disorders will be reported. Possible influencing factors may include some demographic characteristics and associated psychological elements, which will provide reference for further researches and precise intervention.
CORRENDO POR TODAS AS BASES: BRANDOM BRASILEIRO DE FÃS DA MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL
Authors: Souza-Leão André Luiz Maranhão de , Moura Bruno Melo , Carneiro Leão Fernando Sacic
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa busca compreender como as práticas prossumeristas dos fãs brasileiros da Major League Baseball (MLB) em redes sociais caracteriza a configuração de seu brandom no país.
Método: O método adotado foi a netnografia, comumente usada para investigar práticas culturais que ocorrem em ambientes online. O corpus da pesquisa consistiu em mensagens postadas na hashtag do Twitter criada pela ESPN do Brasil para reverberar suas transmissões da MBL entre as temporadas de 2018 a 2021
Resultados: Os resultados revelam práticas prossumeristas singulares correspondentes aos posicionamentos dos membros de tribos de consumo tipificadas por Kozinets como insiders, minglers, devotees e tourists. A forma como esses tipos de membros de comunidade virtual se comporta no brandom brasileiro da MLB se alinha aos dois principais fatores que diferenciam a participação de membros de um ethos de consumo virtual: os laços que estabelecem com a marca e com seus pares. Com isso, concluímos que os membros das tribos de virtuais de marcas agem em prol de seus próprios interesses; todavia, a forma produtiva com que fazem isso tende a alinhar seus interesses aos interesses da marca.
Contribuições: A pesquisa amplia a discussão de investigações recentes que se debruçam sobre a capacidade prossumerista exercidas por meio de interações em redes sociais de fãs de esportes e como estas são produtivas para as marcas esportivas.
Originalidade: O estudo evidencia como um brandom se configura como uma adaptação das tribos de consumo, demonstrando como as interações de seus membros – sejam espontâneas ou estimuladas – tanto beneficiam a marca que os une, quanto estabelece funções dentro do ethos em que atuam de maneira participativa.
PRINCÍPIOS E PRÁTICAS DE ECONOMIA CIRCULAR NA CADEIA DE SUPRIMENTOS DE HORTIFRUTIS NO OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Lara Ana Claudia , De Oliveira Marques Junior Volmiro , Godoi Lucia Rodrigues , Sehnem Simone
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a aderência dos modelos de negócios, suportados por princípios e práticas da economia circular ao setor de hortifrúti no Oeste Catarinense, por meio da tipologia dos 10R’s.
Método: A pesquisa se constitui de uma abordagem qualitativa com realização de entrevistas e visitas in loco, com 13 atores da cadeia de fornecimento de hortifruti nos elos de: produtores, varejistas e distribuidores, da região oeste de Santa Catarina.  A análise dos dados, consistiu na técnica de análise de conteúdo.
Resultados: Entre os resultados, com uso do 10R’s aplicado ao objeto de estudo, a pesquisa identificou nos empreendimentos pesquisados, as práticas alinhadas aos modelos de negócios circulares. A aderência dos negócios às premissas da Economia Circular, encontra-se em estado incipiente sem que esta seja, porém, uma ação coordenada e conhecida entre produtores, varejistas e órgãos governamentais, na busca pela sustentabilidade no fornecimento dos alimentos. Existem práticas isoladas que são desenvolvidas pelos estabelecimentos pesquisados.
Contribuições Contribui para a teoria com a ligação entre o cultivo e comercialização dos alimentos de forma regenerativa e local e o uso dos 10R’s para a circularidade dos recursos produtivos.
Originalidade:  Na investigação empírica sobre o uso dos 10R”s no setor de Hortifrutis, propondo de forma prática indicadores para os produtores utilizarem na análise de seu negócio frente a sustentabilidade.
Diasporas and States of origin: the positive experience of interaction
Authors: Varlamova Natalia V. , Vasilieva Tatiana A. , Sorokina Elena A. , Talapina Elvira V. , Chekharina Valentina I.
Published: May 2022

In today’s world a considerable number of people for one reason or another live outside their (or their ancestors’) States of origin. In most cases they retain a sense of belonging to their Homeland and an interest in maintaining ties with it. In turn, States also seek to develop relations with compatriots living abroad. This direction of State activity in many countries is enshrined at the constitutional level; special laws determining the legal status of compatriots, directions and forms of interaction with them have been adopted; special State programs to support diasporas are being developed and implemented. In general, the policy of States toward compatriots living abroad aims to preserve their national (linguistic, cultural, and religious) identity and to involve them in their social, cultural, economic, and political life. For these purposes, States help compatriots living abroad to study their native language, introduce them to national culture and traditions, support diaspora organizations, develop their cooperation with public authorities, scientific and educational institutions, business communities, and non-profit organizations, encourage investment activity, and, if necessary, provide compatriots with social assistance. Foreign countries have accumulated a lot of positive experience in this regard, and its analysis and generalization is the subject of this article.
Labour law of Argentina: features and historical stages of development
Authors: Lebedeva Marina A.
Published: May 2022

The labor law of Argentina, its history and current trends are scarely examined by Russian scientists. The author aims to provide a general overview of the history of Argentine labor law, to highlight the historical stages of its development, to identify the essential features inherent in Argentine labor law at every stage, as well as to identify its current state. The article analyzes the first draft of the Argentine Labor Code of 1904 on the continent and the most im-portant laws regulating labor relations including the Law on the Employment Contract of 1974. The author concludes that Argentine labor law has a system of protection of labor rights of a fairly high level. At the same time, the instability of the political and economic situation in the country does not allow implement-ing the achievements of labor legislation and ensuring the implementation of la-bor rights proclaimed by the Constitution of Argentina.
Foreign experience in the implementation of “green” public procurement legal instruments
Authors: Egorova Maria A.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to generalize the practice of legislative regulation of green public procurement in the countries of the European Union with the prospect of its application in the legal conditions of Russia. The article formulates the legal content of “green” (sustainable) public procurement. It is substantiated that green public procurement will contribute to solving environmental problems, stimulating the subjects of innovative and environmental entrepreneurship to actively support the climate agenda. The study reveals the obstacles that hinder broader engagement of the Russian contract law to raise efficiency of green public procurement in Russia. Conclusions concern normative regulation considering environmental criteria for identifying green public procurement and developing regulations for this type of procurement based on the experience of the world leaders. Normative and legal regulation of “green” procurement is necessary not only for companies, but also for the state, as it reflects national strategic priorities in the field of environmental protection, which is in line with the UN global goals of sustainable development.
Nomothetae: Friedrich Hayek’s project of a constitutional reform
Authors: Raab Ruslan S.
Published: May 2022

The article offers a comprehensive reconstruction of a constitutional reform project, proposed by a well-known economist Friedrich Hayek. The reconstruction implies recognition of three interconnected aspects. The first theoretical aspect deals with the key problem of a democratic government - the problem of empowering parliaments with two dangerously “mixed” powers, namely the power to manage specific resources and the power to proclaim abstract rules of justice. Hayek proposes to enshrine a clear definition of the rules of justice in order not to confuse the development of these rules with the solution of resource management issues. The theoretical aspect is followed by the institutional aspect of the constitutional reform. The institutional aspect of the reform implies formation of a special representative body whose exclusive competence would be strictly limited to proclamation of the abstract rules of justice. Formation of such a representative body is the only way to avoid unjustified empowerment of the same people to decide both the questions of justice and current budget policy. To make sure that these questions will not be treated in the same political manner, Hayek leaves a few remarks concerning the type of mind that most fit to deal with the rules of just conduct. These remarks constitute the third, «anthropological» aspect of the reform project. In accordance with this third aspect, not every type of mind is inclined to prefer justice over the other, more utilitarian issues. It is that type of mind which is prone to follow customary «opinion» rather than organizational «will» that is more reliable when it comes to the matters of justice and its rules. And though this «anthropological» aspect is not at the center of the Hayek’s reform project, it seems to be one of the most characterizing elements of his constitutional proposal. In one way or another, all the other elements can be derived from this anthropological division between «opinion» and «will», which means that Hayekian reform project is based not only on his political preferences, but also underpinned by his epistemological theory.
Why was the head of state forced to address his opponents directly?
Authors: Eremyan Vitaliy V. , Eremyan Eduard V.
Published: May 2022

This article is devoted to the processes caused by the systemic and institutional crisis of the Anglo-Saxon model of the political regime, which affected various areas of public relations clearly observed in the countries of the “collective West” and for a long historical period personified the statehood of the bourgeois-liberal type, functioning on the basis of relevant principles, values and proce-dures, and positioning itself as a stronghold of democracy to be followed. Based on a critical comparative legal analysis, it is concluded that many of the problems faced by postmodern society whose regression and degradation is already visible to the naked eye, stem directly from the era of formation and development of those relations which are traditionally associated, regardless of gender, skin color or ethnicity, with the constitutional and legal status of a person and citizen. Taking into account the circumstances of this kind, the authors consider the specifics and peculiarities of how the racial and female “issue” were resolved at the time, the discriminatory nature of which does not cause any doubt. Neverthe-less, their relapses have manifested themselves in the context of new stereotypes and rules of behavior, actualized by apologists of tolerance and multiculturalism, obtaining a totalitarian nature in the European Union and the United States. Ex-ploring the trends of recent years, the article emphasizes that in many states, called democratic, ruling elites initiated a process associated with politicization, falsification and perversion of national and global history. The process is primari-ly aimed at transforming the collective and individual consciousness of genera-tions that directly or indirectly did not feel the negative effects of the war, and perceived information mythologems as genuine and an objective view of things. As a result, events, facts and sources that previously did not cause any doubts among the academic community and the general public are being reviewed. The definitions of “liberalism” and “democracy”, introduced into political and collo-quial vocabulary long ago, have lost their original meaning and connotation. Based on that the authors conclude that it is necessary to form a fundamentally different scientific and theoretical foundation than before, since the existing def-initions and terms no longer meet the realities and requirements of today.
Imprisonment and organization of prison labor in Scandinavian states
Authors: Dobryakov Denis A.
Published: May 2022

The development of society and dominant ideas about humanism and human rights require actualization of the legal regulation of various areas of social relations. It also involves the issues of criminal punishment, process and conditions of its execution, and the prison labor of convicts. This article is devoted to the analysis of the Northern Europe states’ experience of penal systems organization and especially conditions of the imprisoned persons’ labor. The issues of convicts’ recruitment goals, mandatory nature of their labor and alternative types of activities, grounds and procedure for remuneration of the work they perform are in the focus. In addition to the “traditional” Scandinavian states (Sweden, Denmark, and Norway), attention is also paid to the experience of Finland, which is close to the above states in many ways. The analysis of foreign practices is carried out in the context of problems existing in the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation. The results and formulated conclusions may be useful for subsequent scientific research, as well as revising Russian legislation and law enforcement practice connected with prison sentences execution and labor administering.
On the criminal law measures of regulation of surrogacy in foreign countries
Authors: Chukreev Vadim A.
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the article is termined by the fact that the surrogacy industry is currently rapidly developing. This is not only an effective way to help couples who do not have the opportunity to conceive children on their own, but also a big business. The cost of commercial surrogacy is quite high. This correct and useful deed quickly turned into a high-budget illegal event. It involves transnational criminal organizations. In this connection, the attitude towards surrogacy around the world is diverse and ambiguous. There are countries where this act is prohibited under threat of punishment. The aim of the study is to comprehensively study the legal problems of regulating relations associated with surrogacy. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the criminal law regulation of similar relations in foreign countries, implementation of best practices in the legislation of the Russian Federation as well as improvement of regulatory legal acts in matters of assisted reproduction and protection of individuals from illegal exploitation. The author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to adopt uniform standards for all countries that regulate surrogacy, which would take into account the interests of all the parties involved and create a mechanism for crim-inal law counteraction to shadow surrogacy.
Implementation of conciliation proceedings in Vietnam
Authors: Makarchuk Zlata V. , Vu Thi Kieu Oanh
Published: May 2022

The adoption in Vietnam in 2020 of the "Law on mediation and negotiations in court" was a significant event, indicating the preservation and development of the legal and cultural traditions of the country, as well as the reasonable use of the experience of other states in the field of reconciliation of disputing parties. The named Law has a wide range of application. The purpose of the study is that the author gives an overview of the conciliation procedure in the Vietnamese courts, and carefully analyses individual issues, especially the problems arising from the lack of a unified approach to the procedure for recognizing the results of the conciliation procedure by court. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of consistency, analysis, and synthesis. The authors conclude that the introduction of mediation in court has brought many positive results: disputes and lawsuits have been successfully resolved and negotiated. The article provides a general overview of the mediation procedure in the Vietnamese court, and carefully analyses individual problems arising from the lack of a unified approach to the procedure for recognizing the results of the conciliation process by court.
Mediation and restorative approach in resolving criminal law conflicts
Authors: Senina Elena N.
Published: May 2022

A number of international legal instruments is highly recommended to upgrade the national system of conflict resolution in the sphere of criminal law with the view of the importance of not only traditional prohibitive, punitive and preventive, but, first of all, restorative tasks. Such modernization, which implies a tran-sition from the strategy of “combating crime” to strategies of “reducing the harm from crime”, requires a combination of methods of “punitive” and “restorative justice” in order to most effectively solve the problems of compensation for the harm caused to the victim and restoring his normal life and disturbed public order, as well as correcting and re-socializing the person who committed the crime in order to avoid repetition of criminal activity. But in order for such a transformation of the paradigm of criminal law policy to be organic and natural rather than artificially implanted, it is necessary that certain socio-political and legal factors that determine the formation and development of mediation and other restorative justice programs in the field of criminal law should develop in the Russian reality. For the first time in Russian science, the article, poses and investigates the problem of socio-legal laws of the concept of restorative justice. The conducted research contributes to identifying and formulating a set of laws characterizing the formation and development of the restorative approach; this allows on the basis of identified patterns to assess the current state of its socio-legal prerequisites in Russia.
Technique and practice of international rule-making: review of the materials of the ESIL International conference
Authors: Abashidze Aslan Kh. , Gulyaeva Elena E. , Trikoz Elena N.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the main trends in rule-making practice in the field of international law, which were summarized on the basis of expert reports and abstracts at the Conference of the European Society of International Law (ESIL) in autumn of 2021. The authors of the article are ESIL members and have previously made reports at its forums. In this review, they analyzed the materials of thematic seminars of “working groups”, “agoras” and “forums” of the Conference. The debates touched upon the impact of the digital revolution on the form and content of international lawmaking, discussed the influx of informal norms and standards in this area, maintaining the integrity of national systems and rationality of “soft law”, spread of the so-called “expert codifications”, ensuring the harmonization of domestic legality and lawmaking of non-state actors, taking into account corporate and civil-public interests in the law-making process, international negotiations and practice of states, demand for interdisciplinary paradigms, approaches and methods in situations of collisions of legal regimes and formation of “living law”. The authors of the review conclude that modern international law is under-going significant “digital recalibration” and is developing on the basis of new technologies from hyperformalism to hyperfactualism.
Review of the monograph: Vakula, M. A., Umnova-Konyukhova, I.A. (2021) Environmental law in the XXI century: relevant issues, challenges and solutions. Moscow: RUDN
Authors: Alferova Elena V.
Published: May 2022

The article-review reveals the main provisions of the monograph, assesses its content and contribution of the authors to solving topical issues of modern envi-ronmental law. The importance of theoretical-methodological and institutional-legal characteristics of environmental law in the XXI century and the conceptual positions of the authors regarding the emergence of new concepts, sub-sectors and institutions of environmental law, as well as importance of the greening of the constitution in international and national dimensions are emphasized.
Amsacrine combined with etoposide and methylprednisolone is a feasible and safe component in first-line intensified treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in CoALL-08-09 trial
Authors: Escherich Gabi , Mezger Kerstin , Ebert Sabine , Muhle Hannah , Stadt Udo zur , Borkhardt Arndt , Dilloo Dagmar , Faber Jörg , Feuchtinger Tobias , Imschweiler Thomas , Jorch Norbert , Pekrun Arnulf , Schmid Irene , Schramm Franziska , Zimmermann Martin , Horstmann Martin
Published: May 2022

Background The prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL) has improved considerably over the past decades. However, to
achieve cure in patients with refractory disease or relapse new
treatment options are mandatory. Methods In the multicenter-trial
CoALL-08-09, an additional treatment element consisting of the rarely
used chemotherapeutic agent amsacrine combined with etoposide and
methylprednisolone (AEP) (amsacrine 2 x 100 mg/m2, etoposide 2 x 500
mg/m2 and methylprednisolone 4 x 1000 mg/m2) was implemented into the
first-line treatment of pediatric patients with a poor treatment
response at the end of induction (EOI) measured by minimal residual
disease (MRD). These patients were stratified into a high-risk
intensified arm (HR-I) including an AEP element at the end of
consolidation. Patients with induction failure (IF), i.e. lack of
cytomorphological remission EOI, were eligible for hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HSCT) after remission had been reached later on.
These patients received AEP as a part of their MRD-guided
bridging-to-transplant treatment. Results A significant improvement in
probality of overall survival (pOS) for the CoALL-08-09 HR-I patients
was noted compared to MRD-matched patients from the preceding
CoALL-07-03 trial in the absence of severe or persistent
treatment-related toxicities. Relapse rate and probability of event-free
survival (pEFS) did not differ significantly between trials. In patients
with IF a stable or improved MRD response after AEP was observed without
severe or persistent treatment-related toxicities. Conclusion In
conclusion, AEP is well-tolerated as a component of the HR treatment and
useful in bridging-to-transplant settings.
Idiopathic common carotid artery laceration with no history of trauma
Authors: Suzuki Natsumi , Koda Kento , Kuriyama Masakazu , Nagano Gentaro , Katoh Mitsuhiko , Yasuhara Kazuo
Published: May 2022

An adult male with no history of trauma visited an emergency outpatient
clinic for idiopathic progressive cervical swelling. We report a case in
which, from the results of contrast　enhanced computed tomography
examinations, the neck was urgently opened and the carotid artery was
reconstructed to save his life.
Kratom Alkaloid Mitragynine: Inhibition of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice is Dependent on Sex and Adrenergic and Opioid Receptors
Authors: Farkas Daniel , Foss Jeffery , Ward Sara , Rawls Scott
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose: Mitragynine (MG) is an alkaloid found in
Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) that is used as an herbal remedy for pain
relief and opioid withdrawal. MG acts at μ-opioid and α-adrenergic
receptors in vitro, but the physiological relevance of this activity in
the context of neuropathic pain remains unknown. The purpose of the
present study was to characterize the effects of MG in a mouse model of
CIPN, and to investigate the potential impact of sex on MG’s therapeutic
efficacy. Experimental Approach: Inhibition of oxaliplatin-induced
mechanical hypersensitivity was measured following intraperitoneal
administration of MG. Both male and female C57BL/6J mice were used to
characterize potential sex-differences in MG’s therapeutic efficacy.
Pharmacological mechanisms of MG were characterized through pretreatment
with the opioid and adrenergic antagonists naltrexone, prazosin,
yohimbine, and propranolol (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg). Key Results: Oxaliplatin
produced significant mechanical allodynia of equal magnitude in both
male and females, which was dose-dependently attenuated by repeated MG
exposure. MG was more potent in males vs females, and the highest dose
of MG (10 mg/kg) exhibited greater anti-allodynic efficacy in males.
Mechanistically, activity at µ-opioid, α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors,
but not β-adrenergic receptors contributed to the effects of MG against
oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Conclusions and
Implications: Repeated MG exposure significantly attenuated
oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity with greater potency and
efficacy in males, which has crucial implications in the context of
individualized pain management. The opioid and adrenergic components of
MG indicate that it shares pharmacological properties with clinical
neuropathic pain treatments.
Gully erosion in southeast Nigeria: influence of land-use changes on gully catchment hydrology
Authors: Osumgborogwu Ikenna , Wainwright John , Turnbull Laura , L.O Uzoigwe
Published: May 2022

Gully erosion leads to soil loss and poses significant threats to
availability of land for cultivation, food security and development of
infrastructure. Hydrological changes driven by land-use changes are
often identified as drivers of gully erosion. The aims of this paper are
to assess the influence of changes in land use on gully catchment
hydrology and relate these changes to gully erosion. To achieve these
aims, we used The Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT, 2012 version) to
assess hydrological changes driven by land-use changes in 22 gully
catchments in the Orlu region of southeast Nigeria between 2009 and
2018. In the absence of measured hydrological data, we used a
mixed-method approach to validate modelling results: literature review,
field observations and focus group meetings. Increase in surface runoff
estimates was observed in 21 catchments where reductions in fallow cover
were observed. In one catchment where increased fallow was observed, we
identified reduction in surface runoff. Surface runoff erosion was
identified as a dominant process of gully expansion in the study area,
but there was no significant relationship between changes in gullied
area and changes in runoff volumes (r = 0.15,
p = 0.08). Within-catchment variations in land-use configuration
influences surface runoff volumes and pathways, and by extension, gully
erosion. This was evident in the slow gully expansion rate/gully
reduction identified at gullies with vegetated adjacent lands as opposed
to active runoff incision observed in gullies with bare adjacent lands.
Therefore, the key finding of this study is that it is important to
identify and incorporate the uniqueness of gully catchments in gully
management as a successful management technique in a particular
catchment may not work in another.
The Effect of Group Guidance with Sociodrama Techniques on Social Interaction
Authors: Dwiarwati Kadek Ari
Published: May 2022

This study aims to find out the Influence of Group Guidance With Sosiodrama Techniques on Social Interaction in Semester II Students of Undiksha Counseling Guidance Study Program. This research is a quantitative research analyzed using the T-test formula. The sample of this study was 60 students. Based on the results of the analysis obtained there is a significant influence of group guidance with sociodrama techniques on social interaction in students of semester II Of Counseling Guidance Study Program Undiksha. As well as the influence of group guidance with sociodrama techniques on social interaction in students of semester II Of Counseling Guidance Study Program Undiksha is 21.8% that is included in the low influence.
Forming Children Character from View Person Centered and Al-Qur'an
Authors: Alimuddin Nurwahidah , Rahmi Siti , Fadilah Nurul
Published: May 2022

The child's religious's mental, and moral development is not a process that can occur quickly and be forced. Still, it must be gradual, reasonable, healthy, and following the growth, abilities, and nature of the age that is being passed. Here, parents must be able to capture the positive trends of child development to be very important. Parents' obligation is to motivate and direct children to a positive outcome, even though the tendency is not following the parents' wishes. This, Islam teaches that in caring for children not to differentiate between boys and girls, eldest or youngest children, normal or abnormal children, parents still provide the same opportunity to obtain educational services following their potential, talents, and interests. Children must be treated fairly and not discriminatory. Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad says that "Educate your children (girls and boys), not according to your wishes, because they are children of their time.
What is an Effective Self Help Guide? Literature Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Prihatiningsih Riskiyana , Rachmawati Indriyana , Rahman Diniy Hidayatur
Published: May 2022

Self-help has become an interesting issue lately and is an alternative intervention that is of interest to individuals to help mental health problems experienced. Various models of self-help guides are available and can be accessed by individuals, including through the internet and social media. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective form of self-help for individuals who experience mental health problems. The research method used is literature review and as many as 8 of the 86 articles reviewed during the last two years. The articles that have been obtained were analyzed and synthesized using content analysis techniques to obtain an overview of self-help guidelines. The results showed that self-help guides were effective for individuals, including training materials, intervention practices, and manuals for helpers or therapists who support counselees to practice the guidelines.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE 7E TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN (PPKn) DENGAN PENGENDALIAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: N.W. Pastini  , I.N. Jampel  , N.K. Widiartini
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan : (1) perbedaan hasil belajar PPKn antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan penerapan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E  dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis konvensional siswa kelas VIII  SMP Negeri 2 Ubud sebelum dan sesudah pengendalian pengaruh variabel motivasi belajar, dan (2) besar kontribusi motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar PPKn pada siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran learning cycle7E dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis konvensional siswa kelas VIII   SMP Negeri 2 Ubud. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan “post-test only control group design”.Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians satu jalur dan analisis kovarian satu jalur dengan uji-F.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Ubud yang terdiri dari sepuluh rombongan belajar.Teknik sampling yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel adalah teknik random sampling, dari sepuluh rombongan belajar satu kelas diambil sebagai kelompok eksperimen (kelas yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model learning cycle 7E) dan satu kelas sebagai kelompok kontrol (kelas yang mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional) dengan teknik undian.Dari hasil analisis  menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar PPKn antara siswa yang mengikuti pelajaran menggunakan model learning cycle 7E dan model pembelajaran konvensionaldengan FHitung = 17,008 dengan signifikansi = 0,000 (p < 0,05), (2) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar PPKn antara siswa yang mengikuti pelajaran menggunakan model learning cycle 7E dan model pembelajaran konvensional, setelah diadakan pengendalian pengaruh variabel motivasi belajar siswa dengan Fhitung = 22,578; dan (3) terdapat kontribusi yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar PPKn dengan kontribusi sebesar 25,20 %. Berdasarkan temuan-temuan disimpulkan bahwa model learning cycle 7E berkontribusi terhadap hasil belajar PPKn baik sebelum maupun sesudah variabel motivasi belajar siswa dikendalikan.

 

Kata kunci:Hasil Belajar PPKn; Model Learning Cycle 7E; Motivasi Belajar; Pembelajaran Konvensional
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA SMP PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL
Authors: H. Durasa  , A.A.I.R. Sudiatmika  , I.W. Subagia
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan validasi butir soal secara empirik, melalui pengujian validitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya beda, distraktor butir soal, dan reliabilitas soal dan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMP pada materi pemanasan global berdasarkan kevalidan soal tersebut. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 8 yang berasal dari SMP Negeri 1 Marga, SMP Negeri 5 Denpasar, SMP PGRI 2 Denpasar, SMP Negeri 4 Petang, SMP Negeri 56 Jakarta tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 119 siswa, dengan menggunakan instrumen tes pilihan ganda. Teknik pengumpulan data uji coba dilakukan melalui tes, yang disajikan dalam google form. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) hasil uji validitas dari 60 butir soal, terdapat 5 butir soal yang tidak valid; (2) pada uji tingkat kesukaran butir soal, terdapat 5 butir soal termasuk kategori sulit, 41 butir soal kategori sedang dan 14 butir soal kategori mudah; (3) uji daya beda butir soal, terdapat 31 butir soal berada pada kategori diterima/soal baik, 14 butir soal diterima dan diperbaiki, 9 butir soal diperbaiki dan 6 butir soal ditolak dan tidak akan digunakan dalam analisis reliabilitas; (4) hasil uji distraktor butir soal menunjukkan bahwa 37% distraktor butir soal berfungsi sangat baik, 32% berfungsi baik, 15% berfungsi kurang baik, 10% berfungsi jelek dan 6% berfungsi sangat jelek; (5) hasil pengujian reliabilitas soal termasuk reliabel sangat tinggi; (6) hasil pengujian untuk mengukur kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMP menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains siswa masih rendah, di mana 56,31% kemampuan literasi sains siswa berada pada kategori kurang memuaskan. Kelemahan terbesar siswa berada pada indikator 1, di mana rerata kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMP dalam menerapkan fakta, konsep, prinsip, teori, hukum, dan prosedur untuk memecahkan masalah hanya mencapai 46,65. Kemampuan literasi sains siswa tertinggi berada pada rerata 68,57, yaitu kemampuan dalam mengidentifikasi fenomena alam dan perubahannya.